gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the Production and Chemical Composition of Hen's Eggs (1996)

Laying hens were fed for a 48-wk period with a basal diet supplemented with a selected strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus at levels up to four million viable cells per gram of feed. Levels of egg production and feed conversion were significantly higher (8 and 14.8%, respectively) than in the control flock, and cholesterol values in yolks were decreased by 18.8%. It is suggested that the latter effect was a reflection of lower serum cholesterol concentrations in treated birds; a maximum reduction of over 55% followed incorporation of the culture into the feed. The level of viable cells in the feed was confirmed as being critical to register the above effects.
Echo State Networks-Based Reservoir Computing for MNIST Handwritten Digits Recognition (2016)

Reservoir Computing is an attractive paradigm of recurrent neural network architecture, due to the ease of training and existing neuromorphic implementations. Successively applied on speech recognition and time series forecasting, few works have so far studied the behavior of such networks on computer vision tasks. Therefore we decided to investigate the ability of Echo State Networks to classify the digits of the MNIST database. We show that even if ESNs are not able to outperform state-of-the-art convolutional networks, they allow low error thanks to a suitable preprocessing of images. The best performance is obtained with a large reservoir of 4,000~neurons, but committees of smaller reservoirs are also appealing and might be further investigated.
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Types 4 and 5: Preparation and Application for CNS Gene Transfer (2003)

The adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are dependent parvoviruses that require helper viruses for replication. They are classified based on size and structure. Because the majority of AAV isolates were first identified as contaminants of laboratory stocks of adenovirus, little is known regarding their natural tissue tropism. Of the six isolates of AAV that have been identified to date in primates, only three (AAV2, 3, and 5) have been isolated from humans. Because AAV4 can infect human and rat cells in culture, serological data suggest that its natural host is the African green monkey. All of those isolates have been cloned and their genomes appear to be organized in a similar manner, with ITRs flanking the rep and cap open reading frames (Fig. 1). Some elements are highly conserved within some serotypes, while others are very divergent. The amino acid sequence of each capsid is distinct. Thus, each serotype likely has unique functional properties. For example, a comparison of transduction efficiencies and binding competition experiments indicates that each serotype may utilize a distinct mechanism of uptake compared to AAV2 (,). Heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSP) have a role in the binding and transduction of AAV2, however, transduction with AAV4 and AAV5 serotypes does not appear to utilize HSP (,). Instead, both AAV4 and AAV5 interact with α 2-3 sialic acid yet they differ in their specificity. AAV4 preferentially binds O-linked sialic acid whereas AAV5 prefers N-linked sialic acids (,). Open image in new window Fig. 1. Comparison of physical and open reading frame (ORF) map of AAV serotypes 1-6. The stippled bars indicate differences between AAV2 and serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The percent homology of the rep and cap genes to AAV2 is listed to the left of the ORF. Within the rep gene, two promoters, located at map units 5 and 19, direct the expression of four proteins, Rep78 and Rep68, and Rep52 and Rep40, respectively. Each promoter expresses one spliced (Rep68 and Rep40) and one unspliced (Rep78 and Rep52) mRNA. Within the rep ORF, several functional domains have been identified and are indicated at the top. These include the DNA binding (DB), trs (Y), NTP binding pocket (NTP), nuclear localization domain (NLS) and zinc finger (Zn) domains, and splice sites. The cap ORF produces three proteins, and the starts sites (VP1, VP2, and VP3) are indicted by right-angled arrows. Regions proposed to be on the exterior of the AAV2 capsid based on homology with canine parvovirus crystal structure are indicated in black.
The morphology and microstructure of thin-film GaAs on Mo substrates (1999)

The growth of GaAs thin films on Molybdenum foils was investigated in an attempt to find a low-cost substrate for GaAs. The films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The film thickness was in the 2-4{micro}m range, while the deposition temperature was in the 650-825 C range. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the film morphology and microstructure, respectively. The film morphology in general, and the grain size in particular, were found to be strongly dependent on the growth temperature. However, the defect structure observed in these films was relatively insensitive to the growth conditions.
Synthesis of Cyan Dye-forming Coupler for Color Photographic Use. Copper Catalyzed Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Assisted by Neighboring Amide Group. (1998)

4-Alkoxy-5-amido-2-carbamoyl-1-naphthols were developed as novel cyan dye-forming couplers for color-negative film. The couplers react with oxidized product of color developing agent efficiently, and afford cyan dyes stable to heat and light. Copper catalyzed alkoxylation reaction of 5-amido-4-bromo-2-carbamoyl-1-naphthol was a key step in the synthesis of the couplers, and proceeded efficiently at room temperature.In general, copper catalyzed aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions require high temperature and assist by electron-withdrawing groups (ex. nitro group), therefore, the present results were very attractive.Because 8-bromo-1-amidonaphthalenes (substrate lacked of hydroxyl group) reacted as well as the couplers, while 4-bromo-2-carbamoyl-1-naphthols (substrate lacked of amide group) did not react under the same conditions, the neighboring amide group was essential, and probably participated in the reaction. The participation by an amide group in copper catalyzed aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction was known scarcely, the reaction was expected as a new synthetic route for some useful compounds. This paper also describes a few examples of synthetic application to some useful phenol derivatives.
Study on application of image recognition technique in the cow body condition score (2011)

The traditional cow body condition score method requires the professionals who master the standards of body condition score. And there are some subjective differences between the scores from different raters. This paper presents an automatic method of cow body condition score using digital image recognition technology. Preprocess the images of cow tail and then use the PCA method for image recognition. The experimental results show that this new method is practical in a certain range of error.
Stereoselective Chemical 1,2‐cis O‐Glycosylation: From “Sugar Ray” to Modern Techniques of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New techniques and instruments for lens implantation (1998)

Although no major breakthroughs have recently emerged in the area of lens insertion techniques and technology, small incremental advancements continue to take place for the placement of foldable intraocular lenses through small incisions. Folders have become more innovative in their ability to effectively fold lenses, and inserters have been downsized and enhanced to allow insertion through smaller incisions with more effective purchase of the lens. New cartridge injectors are increasing in popularity because of their ease of use and ability to pass through smaller incisions, especially with modifications. In addition, increased knowledge regarding techniques and complications of noncapsular supported intraocular lenses continues to be gained, adding to our ability to choose the proper technique for secondary lens insertion in these selected patients.
Mechanisms Involved in Synergistic Anticancer Immunity of Anti-4-1BB and Anti-CD4 Therapy (2007)

Anti-4-1BB-mediated anticancer effects were potentiated by depletion of CD4+ cells in B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Anti-4-1BB induced the expansion and differentiation of polyclonal tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into IFN-gamma-producing CD11c+CD8+ T cells. The CD4+ cell depletion was responsible for facilitating immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues and removing some regulatory barriers such as T regulatory and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)+ dendritic cells. Both monoclonal antibodies (mAb) contributed to the efficient induction of MHC class I molecules on the tumor cells in vivo. The effectors that mediated the anti-4-1BB effect were NKG2D+KLRG1+CD11c+CD8+ T cells that accumulated preferentially in the tumor tissues. Blocking NKG2D reduced the therapeutic effect by 20% to 26%, which may indicate that NKG2D contributes partially to tumor killing by the differentiated CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that the combination of the two mAbs, agonistic anti-4-1BB and depleting anti-CD4, results in enhanced production of efficient tumor-killing CTLs, facilitation of their infiltration, and production of a susceptible tumor microenvironment.
Assessment of myocardial response to pharmacologic interventions using an improved MR imaging technique to estimate T2 values. (1999)

The modified technique improved the quality of the images obtained and increased the reliability of myocardial T2* measurements. Using the modified technique, the myocardial T2* value increased significantly over baseline values after the administration of dipyridamole but did not significantly change after the administration of dobutamine. These observations are consistent with the expected response of myocardial venous blood oxygen saturation levels to the infusion of the two pharmacologic agents.
The Role of Edge Computing in Internet of Things (2018)

Remarkable advancements in embedded systems-on-a-chip have significantly increased the number of commercial devices that possess sufficient resources to run full-fledged operating systems. This change has extended the potential of the IoT. Many early IoT devices could only collect and send data for analysis. However, the increasing computing capacity of today's devices allow them to perform complex computations on-site, resulting in edge computing. Edge computing extends cloud computing capabilities by bringing services close to the edge of a network and thus supports a new variety of services and applications. In this work, we investigate, highlight, and report on recent advances in edge computing technologies with respect to measuring their impact on IoT. We establish a taxonomy of edge computing by classifying and categorizing existing literature, and by doing so, we reveal the salient and supportive features of different edge computing paradigms for IoT. Moreover, we present the key requirements for the successful deployment of edge computing in IoT and discuss a few indispensable scenarios of edge computing in IoT. Several open research challenges are also outlined.
[Treatment of peritumoral cerebral edema with tetracosactide]. (1993)

Tetracosactide is known to be used in brain tumours, but its action is difficult to evaluate clearly. Tetracosactide exerts analgesic, anti-emetic and anti-inflammatory effects and it reduces the oedema surrounding brain tumours. It is this latter effect which we have studied. We used a technetium-labelled cerebral marker, 99mTc HMPAO (Ceretec), and found that this functional exploration not only detects the presence of a brain tumour, but also measures regional cerebral blood flow. This marker is mainly used in intracerebral vascular diseases. Since february 1990, eighteen patients suffering from malignant brain tumour with pronounced perilesional oedema were selected and treated with tetracosactide for two days. With the help of 99mTc HMPAO scintigraphy the oedema was quantified, and the results obtained were interpreted. The initial results of this clinical experiment indicate that the phenomena observed were due to improved vascularization of the healthy peritumoral areas with resorption of oedema. This was a consequence of the direct tetracosactide action, and the higher the dose of this compound, the clearer its action.
Navigation and locomotion in virtual worlds via flight into hand-held miniatures (1995)

No abstract available.
Computation offloading to edge cloud and dynamically resource-sharing collaborators in Internet of Things (2020)

Abstract With the diversity of the communication technology and the heterogeneity of the computation resources at network edge, both the edge cloud and peer devices (collaborators) can be scavenged to provide computation resources for the resource-limited Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this paper, a novel cooperative computing paradigm is proposed, in which the computation resources of IoT device, opportunistically idle collaborators and dedicated edge cloud are fully exploited. Computation/offloading assistance is provided by collaborators at idle/busy states, respectively. Considering the channel randomness and opportunistic computation resource share of collaborators, we study the stochastic offloading control for an IoT device, regarding how much computation load is processed locally, offloaded to the edge cloud and a collaborator. The problem is formulated into a finite horizon Markov decision problem with the objective of minimizing the expected total energy consumption of the IoT device and the collaborator, subject to satisfying the hard computation deadline constraint. Optimal offloading policy is derived based on the stochastic optimization theory, which demonstrates that the energy consumption can be reduced by a proportional factor through the cooperative computing. More energy saving is achieved with better wireless channel condition or higher computation energy efficiency of collaborators. Simulation results validate the optimality of the proposed policy and the efficiency of the cooperative computing between end devices and edge cloud, compared to several other offloading schemes.
Progesterone increases plasma volume independent of estradiol (2005)

Adequate plasma volume (PV) and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume are essential for blood pressure and fluid regulation. We tested the hypotheses that combined progesterone (P(4))-estrogen (E(2)) administration would increase ECF volume with proportional increases in PV, but that P(4) would have little independent effect on either PV or ECF volume. We further hypothesized that this P(4)-E(2)-induced fluid expansion would be a function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulation. We suppressed P(4) and E(2) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist in eight women (25 +/- 2 yr) for 16 days; P(4) (200 mg/day) was added for days 5-16 (P(4)) and 17beta-estradiol (2 x 0.1 mg/day patches) for days 13-16 (P(4)-E(2)). On days 2 (GnRH antagonist), 9 (P(4)), and 16 (P(4)-E(2)), we estimated ECF and PV. To determine the rate of protein and thus water movement across the ECF, we also measured transcapillary escape rate of albumin. In P(4), P([P(4)]) increased from 2.5 +/- 1.3 to 12.0 +/- 2.8 ng/ml (P < 0.05) with no change in P([E(2)]) (21.5 +/- 9.4 to 8.6 +/- 2.0 pg/ml). In P(4)-E(2), plasma concentration of P(4) remained elevated (11.3 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) and plasma concentration of E(2) increased to 254.1 +/- 52.7 pg/ml (P < 0.05). PV increased during P(4) (46.6 +/- 2.5 ml/kg) and P(4)-E(2) (48.4 +/- 3.9 ml/kg) compared with GnRH antagonist (43.3 +/- 3.2 ml/kg; P < 0.05), as did ECF (206 +/- 19, 244 +/- 25, and 239 +/- 27 ml/kg for GnRH antagonist, P(4), and P(4)-E(2), respectively; P < 0.05). Transcapillary escape rate of albumin was lowest during P(4)-E(2) (5.8 +/- 1.3, 3.5 +/- 1.7, and 2.2 +/- 0.4%/h for GnRH antagonist, P(4), and P(4)-E(2), respectively; P < 0.05). Serum aldosterone increased during P(4) and P(4)-E(2) compared with GnRH antagonist (79 +/- 17, 127 +/- 13, and 171 +/- 25 pg/ml for GnRH antagonist, P(4), and P(4)-E(2), respectively; P < 0.05), but plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of ANG II were only increased by P(4)-E(2). This study is the first to isolate P(4) effects on ECF; however, the mechanisms for the ECF and PV expansion have not been clearly defined.
Array transmitter/receiver controlled by a true time-delay fiber-optic beamformer (1995)

We demonstrate a phased-array antenna controlled by a fiber-optic beamformer in true time-delayed transmit mode and in phase-delayed receive mode. The wavelength-tunable optical carrier propagating in a high-dispersion fiber realizes a true time-delay, with the steering direction set by a single voltage controlling the wavelength. The linear antenna is a sparsely-populated array with eight broadband spiral elements. The transmitter operates in 2-18 GHz frequency range over /spl plusmn/50/spl deg/ azimuth steering, and the receiver operates in 6-16 GHz frequency range over /spl plusmn/35/spl deg/ azimuth steering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thrombin-induced release of active basic fibroblast growth factor- heparan sulfate complexes from subendothelial extracellular matrix (1993)

Abstract The angiogenic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), is sequestered and protected by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). Release of ECM- bound bFGF provides a novel mechanism for regulation of cell proliferation and neovascularization in normal and pathologic situations. Exposure of ECM to thrombin, the final activation product of the clotting cascade, resulted in release of high molecular weight HSPG-bFGF complex, as indicated by its immunoprecipitation with anti- bFGF antibodies, susceptibility to degradation by bacterial heparinase, and inhibition of its mitogenic activity in the presence of neutralizing anti-bFGF antibodies. The ECM-resident bFGF-HSPG complex was not released by thrombin in the presence of hirudin or antithrombin III, or by catalytically blocked thrombin preparations. A threefold to fivefold higher mitogenic activity was released by thrombin from ECM that was preheated (1 hour, 80 degrees C), as compared with native ECM. This difference is attributed to heat stable bFGF-HSPG complexes that are more readily released after heat treatment of the ECM and to activation and release of ECM-resident transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) activity. Our results indicate that the large reservoir of proteolytic activity present in plasma in the form of prothrombin may participate in release from the subendothelial ECM of biologically active bFGF and TGF-beta, depending on the accessibility of thrombin. Thrombin may gain access to the subendothelium on clot formation after tissue injury and as a result of the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin induced by the ECM itself.
A Comment on "The Rhetoric of Powell's Bakke" (1981)

I think there is considerable value in the type of analysis undertaken by Professor LaRue in "The Rhetoric of Powell's Bakke." I believe, moreover, that such analysis serves a particularly valuable function at this time, by focusing our attention on the fact that what we designate as law is simply a matter of printed words. It is, of course, true that the law does not consist of words at random, but words structured in a particular way; and it is the particular way in which Mr. Justice Powell structures the words of the law that Professor LaRue searchingly scrutinized. It is likely that Mr. Justice Powell would designate the LaRue approach as overly technical and narrow. Mr. Justice Powell has, for example, argued that criticism of the Burger Court for failing to obtain even a plurality for a given holding fails to take into account that this state of affairs is preferable to a Court wholly dominated either by a single justice or by a set of beliefs concerning what the law should be rather than what it is.
Synthesis of group II phospholipase A2 and lysozyme in lacrimal glands. (1996)

There are two specialized cell types in the main and accessory lacrimal glands, one synthesizing group II phospholipase A2 and the other synthesizing lysozyme. These enzymes are important nonspecific antibacterial factors in tears.
Nerve Expansion Seen on Ultrasound Predicts Histologic But Not Functional Nerve Injury After Intraneural Injection in Pigs (2010)

This animal study suggests that nerve expansion seen on ultrasound during intraneural injection of clinically relevant volumes of LA results in histologic but not functional nerve injury.
Dynamics of a monomeric insulin analog: Testing the molten-globule hypothesis (1993)

The structure of insulin exhibits local and nonlocal differences among crystal forms and so provides an important model for analysis of protein dynamics. A novel combination of order and disorder has recently been inferred from 2D-NMR studies of the monomeric analogue des-pentapeptide(B26-B30) insulin (DPI) under acidic conditions [the molten-globule hypothesis; Hua, Q.X., Kochoyan, M., & Weiss, M.A. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 2379-2383]. Distance-geometry structures are similar in general to crystal structures but differ by rigid-body displacements of alpha-helices; the hydrophobic core is not well ordered due to insufficient long-range restraints. To test whether such informational uncertainty may represent physical disorder, we have performed complementary studies of the thermal unfolding of DPI and its interaction with 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS). Experimental design is based on a predicted analogy between DPI and A-state models of protein-folding intermediates (the "molten globule"). Unfolding is monitored by five distinct biophysical probes: photochemical dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism (CD), 1H-NMR chemical shifts, and slowly exchanging amide 1H-NMR resonances in D2O solution. The results provide evidence that DPI adopts a compact partially folded state. Because the 2D-NMR spectrum of an engineered insulin monomer under physiological conditions is similar to that of DPI under acidic conditions [Weiss, M.A., Hua, Q.X., Frank, B.H., Lynch, C., & Shoelson, S.E. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7373-7389], we propose that the functional form of insulin is a molten globule.
Advances in Tailoring Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Organic and Carbon Gels (2011)

An overview on the preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic and carbon gels reveals the fascinating and remarkably flexible properties of RF carbon and organic gels and how these properties are related to the synthesis and processing conditions. The structural properties can be easily tailored by rigidly controlling such conditions. However, slight variations in some conditions may cause drastic variations in the structural characteristics, and hence properties. Therefore, the effects of different conditions must be well-understood before attempting to tailor organic or carbon gels to specific applications. The most important factors that affect the properties of an organic gel are the precursor concentrations, the catalyst type and concentration, the time and temperature of curing, and the drying method. In addition to these factors, characteristics of activated carbon gels also depend on the pyrolysis temperature and the activation method. These conditions impact the structural and performance characteristics significantly.