gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time dependent finite difference modeling of outgassing of asteroids via bulk heating (2018)

We have developed an integrated mathematical model of the outgassing processes associated with thermal mining of carbonaceous asteroids based on thermodynamics, geophysics, and gas-dynamic considerations to account for variability in material properties. This is a time dependent quasi-one-dimensional model of the heating and diffusion of volatiles as they are outgassed from a spherical target. The model accounts for radiative heat transfer into the surface, conductive heat transfer through the interior, and endothermic phase change processes of water and selected other volatiles bound within constituent minerals. The model is based on theoretical considerations with empirical factors for unknown quantities. This model was implemented as a numerical simulation via finite differences and programmed in Python. We used the program to simulate several scenarios mirroring those tested in the experimental effort as well as direct bulk heating of large-scale systems with an eye toward eventual mission application. In the related experimental program 200 to 700 gram samples of granular serpentine mineral, agglomerated and granular Carbonaceous Ivuna (CI) type meteorite simulants, and a Carbonaceous Mighei (CM) type meteorite (Jbilet-Winselwan) where heated in an instrumented vacuum system with outgassed volatiles collected in a cryotrap. The model gave good agreement with experimental results for the serpentine and the CI simulants, predicting a total water yield within 10% of that found from the experiments. Carbon dioxide yield predictions were also in close agreement with experiment; however, predictions for other carbonaceous gas species were less successful due to uncertainties in the stoichiometry of released volatiles. The model of a typical CM meteorite composition over-predicted the total water yield of the CM meteorite relative to experiment probably due to differences between the modeled composition and the actual meteorite composition, which was not available at the time of publication. We also used the model to simulate heating of full-scale CI-composition asteroids in space. We found that water extraction by simple heating is too slow a process to have direct industrial value. There is an upper size limit for practical volatiles production from individual bodies, controlled by the production rate required. Work on a related process called Optical Mining™ is examining approaches to improve production rates.
Scalable don't-care-based logic optimization and resynthesis (2011)

We describe an optimization method for combinational and sequential logic networks, with emphasis on scalability. The proposed resynthesis (a) is capable of substantial logic restructuring, (b) is customizable to solve a variety of optimization tasks, and (c) has reasonable runtime on industrial designs. The approach uses don't-cares computed for a window surrounding a node and can take into account external don't-cares (e.g., unreachable states). It uses a SAT solver for all aspects of Boolean manipulation: computing don't-cares for a node in the window, and deriving a new Boolean function of the node after resubstitution. Experimental results on 6-input LUT networks after a high effort synthesis show substantial reductions in area and delay. When applied to 20 large academic benchmarks, the LUT counts and logic levels are reduced by 45.0% and 12.2%, respectively. The longest runtime for synthesis and mapping is about two minutes. When applied to a set of 14 industrial benchmarks ranging up to 83K 6-LUTs, the LUT counts and logic levels are reduced by 11.8% and 16.5%, respectively. The longest runtime is about 30 minutes.
Complex Derivative Filters (2008)

Steerable filters are a valuable tool for various low-level vision tasks. In this paper, we argue for the use of complex analysis in the context of 2-D steerable filters. In particular, we recommend the use of complex partial derivatives as a computational basis. Complex derivatives have a major advantage in comparison to real derivatives: they show a canonical rotation behavior, namely a rotation affects the derivative just by a multiplication with a complex unit number. So, the complex derivatives can be steered in a more elegant way and above that they are less expensive to compute. We present several analytical formulas for common and new filter kernels in terms of complex derivatives. Further we relate the complex derivatives of a Gaussian with the Gauss-Laguerre transform and show that the Gauss-Laguerre functions provide an optimal signal representation for local and smooth images. We discuss various finite difference schemes for the realization of the derivatives and use them in practice. In a first experiment, we use a newly introduced filter kernel for anisotropic blurring. The complex formalism offers an elegant way to locally adapt the shape and orientation of the kernel. Second, we use the proposed filters as matched filters to detect vessels in retinal images.
Autopilot: adaptive control of distributed applications (2002)

With increasing development of applications for heterogeneous, distributed computing grids, the focus of performance analysis has shifted from a posteriori optimization on homogeneous parallel systems to application tuning for heterogeneous resources with time varying availability. This shift has profound implications for performance instrumentation and analysis techniques. Autopilot is a new infrastructure for dynamic performance tuning of heterogeneous computational grids based on closed loop control. The paper describes the Autopilot model of distributed sensors, actuators, and decision procedures, reports preliminary performance benchmarks, and presents a case study in which the Autopilot library is utilized in the development of an adaptive parallel input/output system.
<title>Vision-based overlay of a virtual object into real scene for designing room interior</title> (2001)

In this paper, we introduce a geometric registration method for augmented reality (AR) and an application system, interior simulator, in which a virtual (CG) object can be overlaid into a real world space. Interior simulator is developed as an example of an AR application of the proposed method. Using interior simulator, users can visually simulate the location of virtual furniture and articles in the living room so that they can easily design the living room interior without placing real furniture and articles, by viewing from many different locations and orientations in real-time. In our system, two base images of a real world space are captured from two different views for defining a projective coordinate of object 3D space. Then each projective view of a virtual object in the base images are registered interactively. After such coordinate determination, an image sequence of a real world space is captured by hand-held camera with tracking non-metric measured feature points for overlaying a virtual object. Virtual objects can be overlaid onto the image sequence by taking each relationship between the images. With the proposed system, 3D position tracking device, such as magnetic trackers, are not required for the overlay of virtual objects. Experimental results demonstrate that 3D virtual furniture can be overlaid into an image sequence of the scene of a living room nearly at video rate (20 frames per second).
One‐Trial <i>In Vitro</i> Conditioning of <i>Hermissenda</i> Regulates Phosphorylation of Ser‐122 of Csp24 (2007)

The regulation of the intrinsic excitability of a neuron is an important aspect of cellular and synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. Various voltage-dependent K(+) channels have been shown to be critical for the modification of membrane excitability. Components of the cytoskeleton have been proposed to contribute to the location, distribution, and function of diverse K(+) channels. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the cytoskeleton by signaling pathways and the role of the cytoskeleton in the induction of intrinsic excitability is not understood. Hermissenda Csp24 is a beta-thymosin-like protein containing multiple actin-binding domains that contributes to intrinsic enhanced excitability produced by Pavlovian conditioning. One-trial in vitro conditioning produces a significant reduction in the A-type transient K(+) current (I(A)) and a depolarized shift in the steady-state activation curve of I(A). Intermediate and long-term enhanced excitability produced by one-trial conditioning is also dependent on the expression and phosphorylation of Csp24. Blocking the expression of Csp24 with an antisense oligonucleotide inhibits the development of intermediate-term enhanced excitability and the concomitant reduction in I(A) normally produced by one-trial in vitro conditioning. In this report using two-dimensional gel PAGE and electrospray mass spectrometry, we have identified two phosphorylation sites on Csp24. Using phospho-specific antibodies with Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation procedures we show that one-trial in vitro conditioning results in an increase in the phosphorylation of Ser-122, but not Ser-49 of Csp24.
Authorization in data management systems (2001)

Computer systems for data management are increasingly concerned with the authorization problem: the problem of creating and managing the matrix of users, objects, and allowable operations. The paper discusses the authorization problem and explains why the problem is likely to become more complex in the future. We then present the use of database normalization theory to formalize and address the authorization problem. A variety of issues related to authorization that arise in practical data management deployments are discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for further research on authorization.
Comparison of Two Classifiers; K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network, for Fault Diagnosis on a Main Engine Journal-Bearing (2013)

Vibration analysis is an accepted method in condition monitoring of machines, since it can provide useful and reliable information about machine working condition. This paper surveys a new scheme for fault diagnosis of main journal-bearings of internal combustion (IC) engine based on power spectral density (PSD) technique and two classifiers, namely, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN). Vibration signals for three different conditions of journal-bearing; normal, with oil starvation condition and extreme wear fault were acquired from an IC engine. PSD was applied to process the vibration signals. Thirty features were extracted from the PSD values of signals as a feature source for fault diagnosis. KNN and ANN were trained by training data set and then used as diagnostic classifiers. Variable K value and hidden neuron count (N) were used in the range of 1 to 20, with a step size of 1 for KNN and ANN to gain the best classification results. The roles of PSD, KNN and ANN techniques were studied. From the results, it is shown that the performance of ANN is better than KNN. The experimental results dèmonstrate that the proposed diagnostic method can reliably separate different fault conditions in main journal-bearings of IC engine.
Peroxodiferric Intermediate of Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Δ<sup>9</sup> Desaturase:  Oxidase Reactivity during Single Turnover and Implications for the Mechanism of Desaturation (1998)

Combined optical and resonance Raman studies have revealed the formation of an O2-adduct upon exposure of 4e- chemically reduced stearoyl-acyl carrier protein Delta9 desaturase to stearoyl-ACP and 1 atm O2. The observed intermediate has a broad absorption band at 700 nm and is remarkably stable at room temperature (t1/2 approximately 26 min). Resonance Raman studies using 16O2 gas reveal vibrational features of a bound peroxide [Vs(Fe-O2), 442 cm-1; Vas(Fe-O2), 490 cm-1; V(O-O), 898 cm-1] that undergo the expected mass-dependent shifts when prepared in (16)O(18)O or 18(O2). The appearance of two Fe-O2 vibrations, each having a single peak of intermediate frequency with 16(O)18(O), provs that the peroxide is bound symmetrically between the two iron atoms in a mu-1,2 configuration. The same results have been obtained in the accompanying resonance Raman study of ribonucleotide reductase isoform W48F/D84E [P. Moënne-Loccoz, J. Baldwin, B. A. Ley, T. M. Loehr, and J. M. Bollinger, Jr. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 14659-14663], thus making it likely that other members of the class II diiron enzymes form related peroxodiferric intermediates. Study of the reactivity of peroxodiferric Delta9D revealed that this intermediate underwent 2e- reduction leading to an oxidase reaction and recovery of the resting ferric homodimer. In contrast, biological reduction of the same enzyme preparations using ferredoxin reductase and [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin gave catalytic desaturation with a turnover number of 20-30 min-1. The profound difference in catalytic outcome for chemically and enzymatically reduced Delta9D suggests that redox-state dependent conformational changes cause partition of reactivity between desaturase and oxidase chemistries. The Delta9D oxidase reaction represents a new type of reactivity for the acyl-ACP desaturases and provides a two-step catalytic precedent for the "alternative oxidase" activity recently proposed for a membrane diiron enzyme in plants and trypanosomes.
Collision mitigation for crossing traffic in urban scenarios (2013)

Current collision mitigation systems focus on rear end collisions. To address the full spectrum of real world accidents, these systems will have to be enhanced to cover more traffic situations. Vehicle to vehicle accidents in crossing traffic situations make up around 25% of accidents in Germany. This paper discusses the requirements and differences compared to rear-end collisions. Presented here is an action concept that takes into account how the impact configuration is changed by breaking the host (impacting) vehicle. Based on this concept the requirements for the detection of crossing traffic were derived. These requirements were met by developing a video system based on a monocular wide field of view camera. It is further shown how this action concept and sensor were integrated into a demonstrator vehicle and evaluated in full scale testing.
Inheritance of Resistance to the Southern Root‐Knot Nematode in Soybean (1994)

The inheritance of resistance to the southern root‐knot nematode [ Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] was determined for crosses of a susceptible cultivar, Bossier, with two resistant plant introductions, PI96354 and PI417444. Each F 1 , F 2 , and/or F 3 generation was screened in a greenhouse for resistance to gall formation. In the PI96354 × Bossier population the number of galls per F 2 plant and F 3 family mean gall numbers were continuously distributed. The PI417444 × Bossier F 3 family mean gall numbers were also distributed continuously. for both crosses, each F 2 and/or F 3 distribution indicated that resistance was quantitatively inherited. Variance component heritability estimates on a mean and plot basis for both crosses ranged from 0.79 to 0.93. The parent‐progeny (F 2 ‐F 3 ) correlation calculated for PI96354 × Bossier was 0.73. The uniqueness of resistance genes was determined for crosses among ‘Forrest’ (resistant), PI96354, and PI417444. F 3 progeny from crosses of PI96354 × Forrest and Forrest × PI417444 exhibited transgressive segregation. Individual F 3 plants and F 3 families were identified with more galls than Forrest, PI96354, and PI417444. Some F 3 plants had the same number of galls as Bossier, the susceptible check. These data indicate that Forrest differs from PI96354 and PI417444 for resistance to M. incognita by at least one gene. for PI96354 × PI417444, the similarity of F 1 , F 2 , and parental means and variances indicated that PI96354 and PI417444 have resistance genes at the same loci. Soybean breeders can use this information to develop strategies for using these plant introductions to improve the level of M. incognita resistance in adapted cultivars.
Bayesian algorithms for simultaneous structure from motion estimation of multiple independently moving objects (2004)

The problem of simultaneous structure from motion estimation for multiple independently moving objects from a monocular image sequence is addressed. Two Bayesian algorithms are presented for solving this problem using the sequential importance sampling (SIS) technique. The empirical posterior distribution of object motion and feature separation parameters is approximated by weighted samples. The first algorithm addresses the problem when only two moving objects are present. A singular value decomposition (SVD)-based sample clustering algorithm is shown to be capable of separating samples related to different objects. A pair of SIS procedures is used to track the posterior distribution of the motion parameters. In the second algorithm, a balancing step is added into the SIS procedure to preserve samples of low weights so that all objects have enough samples to propagate empirical motion distributions. By using the proposed algorithms, the relative motions of all the moving objects with respect to the camera can be simultaneously estimated. Both algorithms have been tested on synthetic and real- image sequences. Improved results have been achieved.
Least Squares Methods for Equidistant Tree Reconstruction (2008)

UPGMA is a heuristic method identifying the least squares equidistant phylogenetic tree given empirical distance data among $n$ taxa. We study this classic algorithm using the geometry of the space of all equidistant trees with $n$ leaves, also known as the Bergman complex of the graphical matroid for the complete graph $K_n$. We show that UPGMA performs an orthogonal projection of the data onto a maximal cell of the Bergman complex. We also show that the equidistant tree with the least (Euclidean) distance from the data is obtained from such an orthogonal projection, but not necessarily given by UPGMA. Using this geometric information we give an extension of the UPGMA algorithm. We also present a branch and bound method for finding the best equidistant tree. Finally, we prove that there are distance data among $n$ taxa which project to at least $(n-1)!$ equidistant trees.
A Typical Politician vs. a Lunatic Businessman: Different Language Styles of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump (2020)

The victory of Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 US election shocked the media and the public around the world. In an attempt to understand the linguistic differences between Clinton and Trump that might explain the unexpected result, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the research to analyze their particular language features in the speeches and different strategies employed in their debates. The quantitative result showed that Trump&rsquo;s language was not as rich as Clinton&rsquo;s. And in terms of the qualitative analysis, it was found that Clinton tended to use the pronoun you more than Trump and that both of them were inclined to make frequent use of we in their campaign speeches. As for debate strategies, Trump, compared with Clinton, was more likely to interrupt and repeat for the purpose of showing power and leaving the audience a stronger impression. The research offers insights into Trump&rsquo;s and Clinton&rsquo;s linguistic features and debate strategies that might account for Trump&rsquo;s victory in the election.
Aberrant methylation of the estrogen receptor and E-cadherin 5' CpG islands increases with malignant progression in human breast cancer. (2000)

Loss of expression for both the estrogen receptor-alpha and E-cadherin genes has been linked to disease progression in human ductal breast carcinomas and has been associated with aberrant 5' CpG island methylation. To assess when, during malignant progression, such methylation begins and whether such methylation increases with advancing disease, we have surveyed 111 ductal carcinomas of the breast for aberrant methylation of the estrogen receptor-alpha and E-cadherin 5' CpG islands. Hypermethylation of either CpG island was evident prior to invasion in approximately 30% of ductal carcinoma in situ lesions and increased significantly to nearly 60% in metastatic lesions. Coincident methylation of both CpG islands also increased significantly from approximately 20% in ductal carcinoma in situ to nearly 50% in metastatic lesions. Furthermore, in all cases, the pattern of methylation displayed substantial heterogeneity, reflecting the well-established, heterogeneous loss of expression for these genes in ductal carcinomas of the breast.
Mechanisms of Nonhomologous Recombination in Mammalian Cells (1985)

The primary mechanism of nonhomologous recombination in transfected DNA involves breakage followed by end joining. To probe the joining step in more detail, linear simian virus 40 genomes with mismatched ends were transfected into cultured monkey cells, and individual viable recombinants were analyzed. The transfected genomes carried mismatched ends as a result of cleavage with two restriction enzymes, the recognition sites of which are located in the intron of the gene encoding the T antigen. Because the T antigen gene was split by this cleavage, the transfected genomes were inert until activated by cell-mediated end joining. Clonal descendants of the original recombinants were isolated from 122 plaques and were grouped into four classes based on the electrophoretic mobility of the junction fragment. The structures of representative junctions were determined by nucleotide sequencing. The spectrum of nonhomologous junctions analyzed here along with a large number of previously reported junctions suggest that there are two mechanisms for the linkage of DNA molecules: (i) direct ligation of ends and (ii) repair synthesis primed by terminal homologies of a few nucleotides. A paired-priming model of nonhomologous recombination is discussed.
Repression and catabolite repression of the lactose operon of Staphylococcus aureus (1990)

The lacR gene encodes the repressor of the lactose operon of S. aureus. The nucleotide sequence of this gene and the promoter-operator region of the operon are reported. The lacR gene encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 28,534. This protein was found to share sequence homology with the DeoR protein, the repressor of the E. coli deoxyribonucleotide operon. Directly and invertedly repeated sequences were found associated with the promoter for the structural genes of the operon. These sequences were examined by site-directed mutagenesis and found to be important in repressor binding and in the binding of a catabolite repressor. Evidence is presented in support of a model for catabolite repression of the operon which involves a negative-acting transcriptional regulator which binds to the promoter region of the operon and prevents transcription.
Adaptive systems in education: a review and conceptual unification (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the use of adaptive systems in education. It is intended to be a useful introduction for the non-specialist reader. Design/methodology/approach A distinction is made between intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) and adaptive hypermedia systems (AHSs). The two kinds of system are defined, compared and contrasted. Examples of the implementation of the two kinds of system are included. Findings Similarities and differences between the two kinds of system are highlighted. A conceptual unification is proposed based on the architecture of Course Assembly System and Tutorial Environment, a seminal prototype learning environment developed by Pask and Scott in the 1970s as an application of Pask’s conversation theory. Originality/value The architecture shows how the key aspects of ITSs and AHSs can be combined to complement each other. It is intended to be an original contribution that is of particular interest for the specialist reader.