gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically enhanced oxidation of semiconductors (1981)

An increase in the oxidation rate of Si has been observed during thermal oxidation accompanied by optical excitation with visible laser light. The enhancement of the oxidation rate is approximately 60%, and is believed to arise from two sources: simple heating by the laser beam, and a direct nonthermal effect of the laser light. The calculated temperature rise is not large enough to fully account for the observed rate increase, and the experimental data are in agreement with calculations based upon a model of optical carrier generation and resultant bond breaking in the Si near the Si–SiO2 interface. An increase in oxidation rate has also been observed in GaAs and InP. The degree of enhancement obtained in these materials is greater than in Si, and provides further evidence of a nonthermal optically-excited process. The GaAs oxide contains a relatively high As2O3 concentration (∠10%) near the outer surface.
Helical nanotubes of hexagonal boron nitride (1997)

Journal Article Helical nanotubes of hexagonal boron nitride Get access Masami Terauchi, Masami Terauchi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michiyoshi Tanaka, Michiyoshi Tanaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hirofumi Matsuda, Hirofumi Matsuda 1Department of Materials Science, The University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masatoshi Takeda, Masatoshi Takeda 1Department of Materials Science, The University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kaoru Kimura Kaoru Kimura 1Department of Materials Science, The University of Tokyo7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 46, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 75–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023492 Published: 01 January 1997 Article history Received: 15 October 1996 Accepted: 25 October 1996 Published: 01 January 1997
Stiction-controlled locking system for three-dimensional self-assembled microstructures: Theory and experimental validation (2001)

The premise of our study lies in the controlled use of the phenomenon of stiction to lock three-dimensional self-assembled polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) microstructures. The stiction refers to the permanent adhesion of the microstructures to adjacent surfaces. It can occur either during the final stage of the micromachining process, that is to say the releasing of the microstructural material, or after the packaging of the device, due to overrange input signals or electromechanical instability. As a result, we often regard stiction as a major failure issue in the microelectromechanical systems fabrication. This letter reports both the theory of our stiction-controlled locking system operation mode and the validation of our original concept through the stiction-locking of a three-dimensional self-assembled device.
Methodology to Solve the Count-To-Infinity Problem by Accepting and Forwarding Correct and Updated Information Only Using "Test" Packet (2009)

In distance vector routing [4,7, 9, 10] each router collects and forwards the information from and to the neighbors. It was the original ARPANET routing algorithm and use in the Internet under the RIP [2]. The methodology of collecting and broadcasting the routing related information initiates the problems i.e. (1) two-node loop instability, (2) three-node loop instability and (3) count-to-infinity, are well known all over. We try to give the details of distance vector routing algorithm and the problems in the introduction section and discuss the related works in direction of this problem. New algorithms are introduce to give the solution of the discuss problem along with the corrective actions for arising the problem due to implementation of new discuss methodology. We try to reduce the loopholes in the distance vector routing algorithm by applying the new concept of test packet, which is helpful in receiving and forwarding the correct and updated information regarding the available and non available routers to the other routers.
Impact ionization, trap creation, degradation, and breakdown in silicon dioxide films on silicon (1993)

Degradation of silicon dioxide films is shown to occur primarily near interfaces with contacting metals or semiconductors. This deterioration is shown to be accountable through two mechanisms triggered by electron heating in the oxide conduction band. These mechanisms are trap creation and band-gap ionization by carriers with energies exceeding 2 and 9 eV with respect to the bottom of the oxide conduction band, respectively. The relationship of band-gap ionization to defect production and subsequent degradation is emphasized. The dependence of the generated sites on electric field, oxide thickness, temperature, voltage polarity, and processing for each mechanism is discussed. A procedure for separating and studying these two generation modes is also discussed. A unified model from simple kinetic relationships is developed and compared to the experimental results. Destructive breakdown of the oxide is shown to be correlated with ‘‘effective’’ interface softening due to the total defect generation caused by both mechanisms.
Studies on Parylene C-caulked PDMS (pcPDMS) for low permeability required microfluidics applications (2011)

This note introduced a complete fabrication strategy of Parylene C-caulked PDMS (pcPDMS) for low permeability required microfluidics applications. The bonding issue enrolled in the pcPDMS fabrication was solved based on careful surface analyses of the Parylene C caulked status in the PDMS matrix.
Extent of cell differentiation and capacity for cartilage synthesis in human adult adipose‐derived stem cells: Comparison with fetal chondrocytes (2010)

This study evaluated the extent of differentiation and cartilage biosynthetic capacity of human adult adipose-derived stem cells relative to human fetal chondrocytes. Both types of cell were seeded into nonwoven-mesh polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds and cultured under dynamic conditions with and without addition of TGF-beta1 and insulin. Gene expression for aggrecan and collagen type II was upregulated in the stem cells in the presence of growth factors, and key components of articular cartilage such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II were synthesized in cultured tissue constructs. However, on a per cell basis and in the presence of growth factors, accumulation of GAG and collagen type II were, respectively, 3.4- and 6.1-fold lower in the stem cell cultures than in the chondrocyte cultures. Although the stem cells synthesized significantly higher levels of total collagen than the chondrocytes, only about 2.4% of this collagen was collagen type II. Relative to cultures without added growth factors, treatment of the stem cells with TGF-beta1 and insulin resulted in a 59% increase in GAG synthesis, but there was no significant change in collagen production even though collagen type II gene expression was upregulated 530-fold. In contrast, in the chondrocyte cultures, synthesis of collagen type II and levels of collagen type II as a percentage of total collagen more than doubled after growth factors were applied. Although considerable progress has been achieved to develop differentiation strategies and scaffold-based culture techniques for adult mesenchymal stem cells, the extent of differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in this study and their capacity for cartilage synthesis fell considerably short of those of fetal chondrocytes.
Catalytic activity of catalase–silica nanoparticle hybrids: from ensemble to individual entity activity (2016)

We demonstrate the electrochemical detection and characterization of individual nanoparticle-enzyme hybrids. Silica nanoparticles were functionalized with catalase enzyme and investigated spectroscopically and electrochemically. The catalytic activity of the hybrids towards hydrogen peroxide decomposition was comparable to the activity of a freely diffusing enzyme in solution, exhibiting a Michaelis-Menten constant of <i>K</i><sub>M</sub> = 74 mM and a turnover number of <i>k</i><sub>cat</sub> = 8 × 10<sup>7</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> per NP. The fast turnover number of the hybrid further enabled the electrochemical detection of individual nanoparticle-enzyme hybrid <i>via</i> a novel method: the hydrogen peroxide substrate was generated at a microelectrode which enabled enzymatic activity exclusively within the diffusion layer of the electrode. The method is the first electrochemical approach for measuring hybrid nanoparticles, at the single entity level.
Highly Biocompatible Carbon Nanodots for Simultaneous Bioimaging and Targeted Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Photosensitizers (PSs) are light‐sensitive molecules that are highly hydrophobic, which poses a challenge to their use for targeted photodynamic therapy. Hence, considerable efforts have been made to develop carriers for the delivery of PSs. Herein, a novel design is described of highly biocompatible, fluorescent, folic acid (FA)‐functionalized carbon nanodots (CDs) as carriers for the PS zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to achieve simultaneous biological imaging and targeted photodynamic therapy. FA is modified on PEG‐­passivated CDs (CD‐PEG) for targeted delivery to FA‐positive cancer cells, and ZnPc is loaded onto CD‐PEG‐FA via π–π stacking interactions. CD‐PEG‐FA/ZnPc exhibits excellent targeted delivery of the PS, leading to simultaneous imaging and significant targeted photodynamic therapy after irradiation in vitro and in vivo. The present CD‐based targeted delivery of PSs is anticipated to offer a convenient and effective platform for enhanced photodynamic therapy to treat cancers in the near future.
Experimental and Modeling Analysis of Propylene Polymerization in a Pilot-Scale Fluidized Bed Reactor (2014)

A pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor was built and used to study and gain a better understanding of the propylene polymerization process at conditions similar to those of industrial fluidized-bed reactors. Propylene polymerization reaction was carried out continuously in the reactor and dynamic temperatures, and propylene and hydrogen concentrations data were collected. Simulated dynamic profiles of the two-phase model and the well-mixed model were compared with the actual plant data. It was found that predictions of the two-phase model were in better agreement with the pilot plant data at typical industrial operating conditions. This agreement is due to the realistic assumptions of the two-phase model as compared to the well-mixed model. The maximum deviations between the pilot plant data and the two-phase model prediction for the propylene, hydrogen concentrations, reactor temperature, and polypropylene production rate were about 3.4 mol %, 0.15 mol %, 2.4 °C, and 0.8 g/s, respectively.
Omnidirectional resonance in a metal–dielectric–metal geometry (2004)

We show that a planar metallic microcavity structure can exhibit an omnidirectional resonance, i.e., a resonance for which the resonance wavelength is independent of the incidence angle of light. The structure consists of a metal–dielectric–metal configuration. The omnidirectional resonance occurs when the reflection phase shift cancels the propagation shift. We numerically demonstrate such an omnidirectional resonance in an Ag–SiO2–Ag structure with realistic material parameters. Such omnidirectionally resonant structures are important for all-angle efficiency enhancement in light emitting diodes and photodetectors.
IV.J.4 Advanced Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2004)

Approach • Develop a methodology that provides high-throughput fabrication and analyses of novel alloy materials of arbitrary composition. • Evaluate multi-component alloys consisting of platinum, ruthenium, nickel and zirconium that are corrosion-resistant in acid for catalytic activity. • Analyze results of polarization studies to develop a rationale for catalyst performance. • Evaluate promising materials in full direct methanol fuel cells.
Thin Glass Substrates with Through-Glass Vias. (2019)

Abstract Glass substrates with fine-pitch through-glass via (TGV) technology is a promising approach to system in a package (SIP) integration. Millimeter wave applications, in particular, benefit from the superior RF properties, dimensional stability, and surface properties of glass. Glass can be made in very thin sheets (&lt;200 um) which aids in integration and eliminates the need for back-grinding operations. The biggest challenge to adopting glass as a microelectronics packaging substrate is the existence of gaps in the supply chain, caused primarily by the difficulty in handling large, thin glass substrates using existing automation and processing equipment. This paper presents a temporary bonding technology that allows the substrates to be processed in a semiconductor fab environment without the need to modify existing equipment.
Hydroxyapatite-calcium carbonate ceramic composite materials (2010)

Hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate (CC) composite powders containing up to 50 wt % CO 3 2− , have been prepared via precipitation from aqueous solutions. According to chemical analysis data, the CO 3 2− content of the powders coincides with the intended one over the entire composition range studied. With increasing CO 3 2− content, the specific surface area of the powders decreases because of the formation and growth of large needlelike CC crystals up to 1.5 μm in size. The addition of low-melting-point alkali carbonates to the starting powder mixture reduces the sintering temperature of the powders to below 720°C, thereby preventing the thermal decomposition of CC. The highest bending strength, up to 76 MPa, is offered by the materials with the lowest CC content, about 20 wt %, and an average crystal size of 100 nm. The solubility of the composites gradually increases with CC content. In vitro experiments with a human fibroblast model (MTT test) demonstrate that the composites have zero cytotoxicity.
On Designing an Asynchronous and Dynamic Platform for Solving Single Task Requests of Remote Applications (2008)

Using remotely located software or hardware resources for solving various technical problems is presently the main subject of the current emerging technologies such as utility computing, cloud computing, Grid computing and so on. This paper discusses a possible architectural solution and describes a platform built bearing in mind the requirements for solving mathematical-described problems, but potentially useful also for other kinds of technical problems.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigation of Azoporphyrins (2005)

The synthesis of a series of new covalently-connected azoporphyrin derivatives is described and the photochemical properties of the new compounds are discussed. The two chromophores of these derivatives exhibit their absorption spectroscopic properties respectively. In the fluorescence emission spectra, intermolecular fluorescence quenching is detected.
Isolation and characterization of a secreted, cell-surface glycoprotein SCUBE2 from humans (2009)

SCUBE2 [signal peptide, CUB domain, EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like protein 2] belongs to an evolutionarily conserved SCUBE protein family, which possesses domain organization characteristic of an N-terminal signal peptide sequence followed by nine EGF-like repeats, a spacer region, three cysteine-rich repeat motifs, and one CUB domain at the C-terminus. Despite several genetic analyses suggesting that the zebrafish orthologue of the mammalian SCUBE2 gene participates in HH (Hedgehog) signalling, the complete full-length cDNA and biochemical function for mammalian SCUBE2 on HH signalling remains uninvestigated. In the present study, we isolated the full-length cDNA and studied the role of human SCUBE2 in the HH signalling cascade. When overexpressed, recombinant human SCUBE2 manifests as a secreted surface-anchored glycoprotein. Deletion mapping analysis defines the critical role of the spacer region and/or cysteine-rich repeats for membrane association. Further biochemical analyses and functional reporter assays demonstrated that human SCUBE2 can specifically interact with SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) and SHH receptor PTCH1 (Patched-1), and enhance the SHH signalling activity within the cholesterol-rich raft microdomains of the plasma membranes. Together, our results reveal that human SCUBE2 is a novel positive component of the HH signal, acting upstream of ligand binding at the plasma membrane. Thus human SCUBE2 could play important roles in HH-related biology and pathology, such as during organ development and tumour progression.
Expression, Localization, and Signaling of Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>Receptor in Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Regulation of Proliferation by Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways (2004)

Prostaglandin F(2 alpha)(PGF(2 alpha)) is a bioactive lipid biosynthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and mediates its biological activity via the heptahelical G(q)-coupled PGF(2 alpha)receptor (FP receptor). This study investigated the expression and molecular signaling of the FP receptor in human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed FP receptor expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma of all grades and differentiation. The expression of FP receptor was up-regulated in all endometrial adenocarcinomas compared with normal endometrium. The site of FP receptor expression was localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to the neoplastic epithelial cells in all adenocarcinomas. Treatment of endometrial adenocarcinoma explants with PGF(2 alpha) resulted in mobilization of inositol phosphate signaling, indicating functional FP receptor expression. We investigated whether PGF(2 alpha) could trans-activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and trigger the MAPK signaling pathway. Treatment of adenocarcinoma explants and endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa) with PGF(2 alpha)-phosphorylated EGFR, triggered MAPK signaling and enhanced the proliferation of Ishikawa cells. Inactivation of phospholipase C, EGFR kinase, and MAPK kinase with specific inhibitors abolished PGF(2 alpha)-induced trans-activation of EGFR, MAPK signaling, and Ishikawa cell proliferation. These data suggest that PGF(2 alpha)-FP receptor promote endometrial tumorigenesis via a phospholipase C-mediated phosphorylation of the EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways.
Degradation of gallic acid and hydrolysable polyphenols is constitutively activated in the freshwater plant-associated bacterium Matsuebacter sp. FB25 (2007)

Hydrolysable polyphenols are present in Myriophyllum spicatum L. at high concentrations of up to 25% of dry matter and are also excreted. Bacteria associated with the submerged macrophyte M. spicatum isolated from the surrounding water column and epiphytic biofilm were tested for their ability to degrade polyphenols. Several bacterial isolates were capable of growing with tannic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, among them Matsuebacter sp. FB25, Agrobacterium vitis EB26 and Pseudomonas sp. FB22. Cell suspensions of Matsuebacter sp. precultured on succinate were capable of degrading gallic acid, while those of A. vitis were not, indicating the constitutive presence of gallate-degrading enzymes in the former. When cells were precultured on gallic or tannic acid, cell suspensions of both strains exhibited an enhanced degradation rate of gallic acid. M. spicatum-derived hydrolysable polyphenols, which are comparable in structure to tannic acid, resulted in the same enhanced degradation rate of gallic acid or tellimagrandin II, the major M. spicatum polyphenol, by cell suspensions of Matsuebacter sp. FB25. The presence of polyphenoldegrading bacteria in the vicinity of M. spicatum explains the observed fast disappearance of tellimagrandin II and other hydrolysable polyphenols after excretion and has implications for allelochemical interference with competitors, herbivores and potential pathogenic microorganisms. The presence of Matsuebacter sp. and other polyphenol-degrading strains in such environments suggests a sufficiently strong effect of M. spicatum exudates to bring about selection in favour of highly specialised bacteria.
Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction Post Infarction and Biopolymers Enhance Cell Retention (2010)

We provided direct evidence that intramyocardial injection of ASCs mitigates the negative cardiac remodeling and preserves ventricular function post-MI in rats and these beneficial effects can be further enhanced by administering co-injection of ASCs with biopolymers.
A high performance PWM algorithm for common mode voltage reduction in three-phase voltage source inverters (2008)

A high performance PWM algorithm with reduced common mode voltage (CMV) and satisfactory overall performance is proposed for three-phase PWM inverter drives. The algorithm combines the near state PWM (NSPWM) method which has superior overall performance characteristics at high modulation index and MAZSPWM, a modified form of the active zero state PWM method (AZSPWM1), which is suitable for low modulation index range of operation. Since AZSPWM1 has line-to-line voltage pulse reversals with small zero-voltage time intervals, in its naive form it causes overvoltages, in particular in long cable motor drive applications. Obtained by re-organizing the duty cycles of the utilized voltage vectors of AZSPWM1, MAZSPWM has sufficiently long zero-voltage time intervals between pulse reversals such that overvoltages are avoided. The combined algorithm performs satisfactorily throughout the inverter operating range and the transition from NSPWM to MAZSPWM and vice versa is seamless. The performance of the proposed algorithm is proven by theory, computer simulations, and detailed laboratory experiments. The paper also shows that the proposed reduced CMV PWM algorithm is effective in reducing the motor leakage current and it is most beneficial when a small common mode inductor is included in the drive.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Regulates Left Ventricular Leukocyte Infiltration, Cardiac Remodeling, and Function in Pressure Overload–Induced Heart Failure (2016)

ICAM1 regulates pathological cardiac remodeling by mediating proinflammatory leukocyte infiltration in the left ventricle and cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction and thus represents a novel target for treatment of heart failure.
Shielding your company against information compromise (2000)

With the growth of information technologies and with more firms partnering, a major concern for organizations today is the protection of competitive information from thieving. Firms must develop an understanding of the multidimensional flavor of defensive intelligence and its challenges in a bureaucracy, examine companies’ vulnerabilities and implement some basic defensive intelligence measures in order to protect their organization’s knowledge. Organizations must address major areas of vulnerabilities, including employees, partners and public information. Firms can take specific actions to minimize successful acts of espionage such as protections preventing unauthorized use of information systems. Companies should develop a set of priorities and determine where and to what degree security procedures need to be implemented. Beyond security, employing proactive measures can provide a valuable weapon for the long‐term prosperity of your firm.