gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for interpolating scattered data based upon a minimum norm network (1983)

A method for interpolating scattered data is described. Given <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline comma y Subscript i Baseline comma z Subscript i Baseline right-parenthesis comma i equals 1 comma ellipsis comma upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…<!-- … --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">({x_i},{y_i},{z_i}),i = 1, \ldots , N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, a bivariate function <italic>S</italic> with continuous first order partial derivatives is defined which has the property that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S left-parenthesis x Subscript i Baseline comma y Subscript i Baseline right-parenthesis equals z Subscript i Baseline comma i equals 1 comma ellipsis comma upper N"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…<!-- … --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">S({x_i},{y_i}) = {z_i},i = 1, \ldots ,N</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. The method is based upon a triangulation of the domain and a curve network which has certain minimum pseudonorm properties. Algorithms and examples are included.
The RD1 virulence locus of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> regulates DNA transfer in <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2004)

Conjugal DNA transfer occurs by an atypical mechanism in Mycobacterium smegmatis. The transfer system is chromosomally encoded and requires recipient recombination functions for both chromosome and plasmid transfer. Cis-acting sequences have been identified that confer mobility on nontransferable plasmids, but these are larger and have different properties to canonical oriT sites found in bacterial plasmids. To identify trans-acting factors required for mediating DNA transfer, a library of transposon insertion mutants was generated in the donor strain, and individual mutants were screened for their effect on transfer. From this screen, a collection of insertion mutants was isolated that increased conjugation frequencies relative to wild type. Remarkably, the mutations map to a 25-kb region of the M. smegmatis chromosome that is syntenous with the RD1 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is considered to be the primary attenuating deletion in the related vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The genes of the RD1 region encode a secretory apparatus responsible for exporting Cfp10- and Esat-6, both potent antigens and virulence factors. In crosses using two M. smegmatis donors, we show that wild-type cells can suppress the elevated transfer phenotype of mutant donors, which is consistent with the secretion of a factor that suppresses conjugation. Most importantly, the RD1 region of M. tuberculosis complements the conjugation phenotype of the RD1 mutants in M. smegmatis. Our results indicate that the M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis RD1 regions are functionally equivalent and provide a unique perspective on the role of this critical secretion apparatus.
Digital design of serial flash memory controller with SPI interface for embedded systems (2004)

This thesis presents digital design and implementation of a controller module for serial flash memories. Firstly, the platform including the serial flash memory controller, flash memories and SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) protocol have been investigated to solve the current problems related with controlling of serial flash memories. Then, in the implementation part of the thesis, the Serial Flash Memory Controller module has been designed by using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language-VHDL) and synthesized in CMOS 0.35 Mm technology. Functional and gate-level simulations have been done with Cadence simulator. Lastly the final gate level netlist has been placed and routed with Cadence Silicon Ensemble. A great deal of attention has been given to design a generic controller that needs simple software and minimum processor access cycle. It is programmed from the processor for different operations of serial flash memories. The structure of the frame, control data and timings are controlled by hardware according to the programmed operation. In addition to this, our Serial Flash Memory Controller module can be used with different flash memories. This is very important property for reusability of the module. The Serial Flash Memory Controller module is capable to work up to 20 MHz serial communication speed and it can be integrated to processor platforms that have AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) APB (Advanced Peripheral Bus) interface.
Studies of Discotic Liquid Crystalline with Polymerizable Groups, Triphenylene Derivatives (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Influence of Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Catalysts on Polyolefin Structure, Properties, and Processing Ability (2014)

50 years ago, Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the catalytic polymerization of ethylene and propylene using titanium compounds and aluminum-alkyls as co-catalysts. Polyolefins have grown to become one of the biggest of all produced polymers. New metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts open the possibility to synthesize polymers with highly defined microstructure, tacticity, and steroregularity, as well as long-chain branched, or blocky copolymers with excellent properties. This improvement in polymerization is possible due to the single active sites available on the metallocene catalysts in contrast to their traditional counterparts. Moreover, these catalysts, half titanocenes/MAO, zirconocenes, and other single site catalysts can control various important parameters, such as co-monomer distribution, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, molecular architecture, stereo-specificity, degree of linearity, and branching of the polymer. However, in most cases research in this area has reduced academia as olefin polymerization has seen significant advancements in the industries. Therefore, this paper aims to further motivate interest in polyolefin research in academia by highlighting promising and open areas for the future.
VEGF Receptor Signaling and Endothelial Function (2001)

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is a central process during normal development and during pathological repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can stimulate both physiological and pathological angiogensis. VEGF-A is a ligand for the two receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1). Most biological functions of VEGF-A are mediated via VEGFR-2, whereas the role of VEGFR-1 is largely unknown. Activation of mitogen-activated kinase, stress-activated kinase, protein kinase C, and the Akt pathway are implicated in VEGF-A-dependent endothelial function, including cell survival, proliferation, generation of nitric oxide, and the induction of angiogenesis. Induction of metalloproteinases, activation of focal adhesion kinase and of PI3-kinase are implicated in VEGF-A-induced endothelial cell migration. The important role of nitric oxide as a mediator of endothelial function in vivo links the receptor signaling network to other biological effects.
Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints (2007)

Redesigned for increased accessibility, this fourth edition of the bestselling Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints has been divided into two separate but complementary volumes. Each volume contains the basic information useful to bolting experts in any industry, but because the two volumes are more clearly focused, they are eas
Direct synergistic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on hematopoietic progenitor cell growth: comparison with other hematopoietins that use the gp130 receptor subunit (1996)

Because leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has little or no effect on murine hematopoietic progenitor cell growth yet enhances hematopoiesis in vivo, we sought to determine whether the effects of LIF were directly or indirectly mediated, or a combination of both. Although LIF alone or in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) has no effect on colony formation of unfractionated bone marrow cells (BMCs), it enhances M-CSF- induced colony formation. In comparison, LIF synergizes with IL-3, GM- CSF, M-CSF, and Steel Factor (SLF) to promote the colony formation of partially purified lineage-negative (Lin-) BM progenitors without altering their differentiation. These effects were directly mediated since identical results were observed in single-cell assays. Comparing the effect of LIF with other members of this subclass of hematopoietins (IL-6, oncostatin M [OSM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), we found that while LIF and IL-6 equally synergize with M-CSF and SLF to promote the colony formation of Lin- BMCs, OSM, and CNTF have no effect. In agreement with OSMs ability to directly bind gp130, preincubation of BMCs with OSM inhibits progenitor cell growth stimulated by the combination of LIF or IL-6 plus SLF. LIF can also directly enhance the growth of further purified more primitive Lin- c- kit+ progenitor cells in the presence of IL-3, GM-CSF, or SLF. Thus, LIF can directly synergize with growth factors to promote the proliferation of purified hematopoietic progenitors, suggesting that the direct effects of LIF on hematopoietic cell growth can, in part, explain the observed hematopoietic effects in vivo. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Tactile Ground Surface Indicator Widening and its Effect on Users' Detection Abilities (2005)

To prevent visually impaired persons from falling from railway platforms, we performed an experimental study to evaluate the effect of widening the tactile ground surface indicators (TGSIs) that warn them when they are nearing the platform edge. The focus of the evaluation was the detectability of dot tiles and the stopping distance required after they had been detected. As a result, it was not only proved that the typical width of 300 mm is effective, but also that adding 100 mm improves that effectiveness. The detection rate reached 100% when the width was 600 mm.
Automatic electricity meter reading based on image processing (2015)

This paper introduces a system based on image processing to obtain efficiently and accurately reading of the electricity digital meter. In this system the back camera of the mobile phones is used to acquire the image of the electricity meter. The system then applies a sequence of image processing functions to automatically extract and recognize the digits of the meter reading image. This image goes through three main stages: preprocessing which ends up with cropping the numeric reading area, segmentation of individual digits using horizontal and vertical scanning of the cropped numeric area, and recognition of the reading by comparing each segmented digit with the digits templates. The proposed system is implemented using Android Studio software with openCV library and has been tested on 21 images of electric meters captured by Smartphone camera in Saudi Arabia, and results shows a recognition with the accuracy rate of 96,49% (per number digit) and 85.71% accuracy rate for the electricity meter readings. The proposed system will be used in the future to develop a mobile application that could be used by the electricity company employees to facilitate the reading process.
Alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase: a multi‐institutional study of a new prostate cancer marker (2004)

We have demonstrated the promising features of AMACR as a biomarker for prostate cancer in this large series and the potential to develop automated quantitative diagnostic tests.
The Hitchcock Procedure (1992)

A 40-year-old man with a tenodesis of the long head of the biceps brachii in the bicipital groove (Hitchcock's operation) for bicipital tendinitis had recurrence of pain seven months after the operation. Roentgenograms of the acromiohumeral interval, taken when the patient tensed the biceps brachii, showed significant upward migration of the humeral head with a decrease in the acromiohumeral interval on the operated side. The authors postulate that resection of the stabilizing, intraarticular segment of the long head of the biceps in the Hitchcock's procedure allowed the short head to draw the humeral head proximally, resulting in a decrease in the acromiohumeral interval and recurrence of impingement. This is one possible explanation for the poor long-term results of the Hitchcock procedure.
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC GAS DISCHARGES (2011)

A survey of applications of electrically generated plasmas in health care is given. Gas discharges are common tools for surface processing in material science, and nowadays they raise much interest in the medical technology. A wide variety of plasmas facilitates many kinds of surface treatment: low-pressure coating of artificial implants, plasma sterilization of medical equipment, coagulation and vaporization of pathological tissue using atmospheric arc-like discharges. Special attention is given to non-thermal gas discharges generated under atmospheric pressure. Possibilities of refined tissue treatment using non-destructive atmospheric plasmas are discussed.
Plasma Cleaning and Its Applications for Electron Microscopy (1999)

: The effectiveness of applying a high-frequency, low-energy, reactive gas plasma for the removal of hydrocarbon contamination from specimens and components for electron microscopy has been investigated with a variety of analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of specimens that have been plasma cleaned shows an elimination of the carbonaceous contamination from the specimen. With extended cleaning times the removal of existing carbon contamination debris due to previously conducted microanalysis is shown. Following plasma cleaning, specimens may be examined in the electron microscope for several hours without exhibiting evidence of recontamination. The effectiveness of plasma cleaning is not limited to applications for TEM specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) specimens that have been plasma cleaned likewise show an elimination of carbonaceous contamination. Furthermore, other electron microscopy parts and accessories, such as aperture strips, specimen clamping rings, and Wehnelts, among others, can benefit from plasma cleaning.
Glucose-Responsive Polymer Bearing a Novel Phenylborate Derivative as a Glucose-Sensing Moiety Operating at Physiological pH Conditions (2003)

This study is devoted to the development of novel glucose-responsive polymers that operate under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), aiming for future use in a self-regulated insulin delivery system to treat diabetes mellitus. The approach involves the use of a newly synthesized phenylborate derivative [4-(1,6-dioxo-2,5-diaza-7-oxamyl) phenylboronic acid, DDOPBA] possessing an appreciably low pK(a) ( approximately 7.8) as a glucose-sensing moiety, as well as the adoption of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide), PNIPMAAm, as the main chain that exhibits critical solution behavior in the range close to physiological temperature. Glucose- and pH-dependent changes in the critical solution behavior of the resultant copolymers were investigated at varying temperatures, revealing definite glucose sensitivities near the physiological conditions. Furthermore, DDOPBA moieties in the copolymers maintained constant apparent pK(a) values even when the temperature approaches the critical solution points of the main chain, indicating that spacing of the phenylborate moiety from the polymer backbone is a feasible way to minimize the microenvironment effect caused by a temperature-induced change in the hydration state of the polymer strands.
Direkter Beleg für einen dissoziativen Mechanismus bei der C‐H‐Aktivierung durch einen kationischen Iridium(<scp>III</scp>)‐Komplex (1997)

Nach einem völlig unerwarteten, dissoziativen Mechanismus verläuft die C‐H‐Aktivierung durch das Komplexkation 1 in der Gasphase. Die Reaktivität von 1 wurde durch Elektrospray‐Tandem‐Massenspektrometrie mit verdünnten Lösungen von [l(NCCH,)] + ClO 4 − , untersucht. Die Reaktion verläuft über den reaktiven cyclischen Ir III ‐Komplex 2 , der an C‐H‐Bindungen von gesättigten und aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen zu 3 addiert. magnified image
The Role of Progestationally Regulated Stromal Cell Tissue Factor and Type‐1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI‐1) in Endometrial Hemostasis and Menstruation (1994)

The physiologic mechanisms whereby the human endometrium maintains hemostasis during endovascular trophoblast invasion, yet permits menstrual hemorrhage, are unknown. This paradoxical relationship was investigated by evaluating endometrial expression of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of hemostasis, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of fibrinolysis. We observed increased immunostaining for TF and PAI-1 in sections of decidualized stromal cells from luteal phase and gestational endometrium. To determine whether TF and PAI-1 expression are directly linked to decidualization, both endpoints were monitored in a well described in vitro model of decidualization. Thus, confluent stromal cell cultures were exposed to vehicle control, 10(-8) M estradiol (E2), 10(-8) to 10(-6) M medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or both E2 + MPA for 2-24 days in serum-containing or defined media. The progestin enhanced the content of stromal cell-associated immunoreactive and functionally active TF and PAI-1 released into the medium and elevated levels of stromal cell TF and PAI-1 mRNA. While E2 alone was ineffective, it greatly augmented MPA-enhanced TF and PAI-1 protein and mRNA content. Dose-dependent effects on TF and PAI-1 content were observed between 10(-8) to 10(-6) M MPA +/- E2. Similar results were observed for decidual cells derived from first trimester endometrium and cultured in type 1 collagen gels. Following optimal induction of TF and PAI-1 expression by E2 + MPA in stromal cell cultures, removal of these steroids greatly reduced levels of both TF and PAI-1 protein and mRNA within 4 days. These studies suggest a mechanism whereby endometrial hemostasis is maintained during trophoblast invasion yet reduced at the end of nonfertile cycles to permit menses.
Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging (2000)

Absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering (mu(s)') spectra of turbid media were quantified with a noncontact imaging approach based on a Fourier-transform interferometric imaging system (FTIIS). The FTIIS was used to collect hyperspectral images of the steady-state diffuse reflectance from turbid media. Spatially resolved reflectance data from Monte Carlo simulations were fitted to the recorded hyperspectral images to quantify mu(a) and mu(s)' spectra in the 550-850-nm region. A simple and effective calibration approach was introduced to account for the instrument response. With reflectance data that were close to and far from the source (0.5-6.5 mm), mu(a) and mu(s)' of homogeneous, semi-infinite turbid phantoms with optical property ranges comparable with those of tissues were determined with an accuracy of +/-7% and +/-3%, respectively. Prediction accuracy for mu(a) and mu(s)' degraded to +/-12% and +/-4%, respectively, when only reflectance data close to the source (0.5-2.5 mm) were used. Results indicate that reflectance data close to and far from the source are necessary for optimal quantification of mu(a) and mu(s)'. The spectral properties of mu(a) and mu(s)' values were used to determine the concentrations of absorbers and scatterers, respectively. Absorber and scatterer concentrations of two-chromophore turbid media were determined with an accuracy of +/-5% and +/-3%, respectively.
Improved Waveform Quality in the Direct Torque Control of Matrix-Converter-Fed PMSM Drives (2009)

Despite the ability of matrix converters (MCs) to generate a higher number of voltage vectors compared with standard voltage-source inverters, most of the applications reported in the literature utilize only those having larger amplitudes. This paper investigates the use of MC input voltages with different amplitudes in order to reduce the inherent torque ripple that appears when direct torque control (DTC) is used to drive ac machines, particularly permanent-magnet synchronous motors, as its stator inductance is typically half of that of an induction machine of similar ratings. Utilizing a wider range of input voltage vectors for the MC, but not using the rotating vectors, a new lookup table that distinguishes between small and large torque errors is developed, leading to an enhanced MC-fed DTC. The enhancement enables a reduction in the electromagnetic torque ripple and output-current total harmonic distortion. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy improves the MC voltage transfer ratio up to 86.6% compared with 50% achieved by the conventional DTC using MCs at the expense, however, of slightly decreasing the input power factor control capability. The proposed enhanced MC DTC was tested experimentally, and results comparing its performance with MC DTC using an adapted lookup table are shown.
[Concentration of ammonia in the urine of dairy cows given green feed rations and winter feed rations]. (1984)

The concentration of ammonia in urine at a known level of energy yielding nutrients offered in feed rations was determined in 987 dairy cows in four summer feeding seasons and 1420 cows in three winter feeding seasons. The long-term average ammonia levels in urine showed no significant variation with the two types of feed rations. Different feed rations in the feeding seasons had no significant influence on ammonia concentration in the urine of lactating cows. On a long term-average as well as in the overwhelming majority of the winter and summer feeding seasons, high-pregnant cows had significantly higher ammonia contents in urine than the cows in the first and second lactation stage. At feeding rations complying with Czechoslovak Standard CSN 46 7070 the content of ammonia in the urine of lactating cows was lower than the recorded long-time averages and averages for individual stages; on the other hand, in high-pregnant cows the ammonia level was higher in both types of feed rations and the difference from lactating cows increased 3.25 times. This suggests that neither do the feed rations currently used in practice nor those strictly adhering to the Czechoslovak Standard meet the biological demand of high-pregnant cows and often lead to the injury of hepatal parenchyma. Ammonia concentration of 11.7 to 58.7 mmol per litre of urine is considered as a tolerable limit.