gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of the CO17-1A carcinoma-associated antigen. (1986)

The cell surface antigen defined by monoclonal antibody CO17-1A is sensitive to proteinase K but not to neuraminidase digestion. Immunoprecipitation of two polypeptide chains of 30 and 40 kDa using large amounts of CO17-1A antibody confirmed that the CO17-1A antigen is a protein. The requirement for large quantities of CO17-1A antibody may relate to the binding properties of this antibody, as bivalent but not monovalent (Fab) forms of the antibody bind effectively to carcinoma cells. The 30 kDa form of the CO17-1A antigen was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using GA733, another monoclonal antibody that recognizes the CO17-1A antigen. Treatment of purified antigen with endoglycosidase F revealed a 25 kDa and a 28 kDa species, demonstrating that the antigen has at least two N-linked oligosaccharide chains. Protease treatment of the purified antigen revealed a 26 kDa protease-resistant polypeptide.
Leptospira interrogans Catalase Is Required for Resistance to H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> and for Virulence (2012)

Pathogenic Leptospira spp. are likely to encounter higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response. In this study, we characterized Leptospira interrogans catalase (KatE), the only annotated catalase found within pathogenic Leptospira species, by assessing its role in resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and during infection in hamsters. Pathogenic L. interrogans bacteria had a 50-fold-higher survival rate under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress than did saprophytic L. biflexa bacteria, and this was predominantly catalase dependent. We also characterized KatE, the only annotated catalase found within pathogenic Leptospira species. Catalase assays performed with recombinant KatE confirmed specific catalase activity, while protein fractionation experiments localized KatE to the bacterial periplasmic space. The insertional inactivation of katE in pathogenic Leptospira bacteria drastically diminished leptospiral viability in the presence of extracellular H(2)O(2) and reduced virulence in an acute-infection model. Combined, these results suggest that L. interrogans KatE confers in vivo resistance to reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response.
Electric conductivity of boron nitride thin films enhanced by <i>in situ</i> doping of zinc (2006)

The authors demonstrate that the electric conductivities of cubic and hexagonal boron nitride (c-BN and h-BN) thin films increased markedly by the in situ doping of zinc. The doped films were electrically semiconducting, and conductivities at room temperature increased from 10−8to10−2Ω−1cm−1 with increasing zinc concentration from 400to20000ppm. Activation energies for electric conduction (Ec) of c-BN decreased from 0.3to0.1eV with increasing zinc concentration, suggesting feasible shallow-level doping. On the other hand, h-BN thin films showed approximately 0.1eV higher Ec than those of c-BN’s, due to the formation of defective B–B bonds.
Lipoprotein kinetics in the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiological and therapeutic lessons from stable isotope studies. (2004)

Dyslipoproteinaemia is a cardinal feature of the metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis. It is usually characterised by high plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich and apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins, with depressed concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism in these subjects may be due to a combination of overproduction of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apoB-100, decreased catabolism of apoB-containing particles, and increased catabolism of HDL apoA-I particles. These abnormalities may be consequent on a global metabolic effect of insulin resistance that increases the flux of fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver, the accumulation of fat in the liver, the increased hepatic secretion of VLDL-triglycerides and the remodelling of both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL particles in the circulation; perturbations in lipolytic enzymes and lipid transfer proteins contribute to the dyslipidaemia. Our in vivo understanding of the kinetic defects in lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome has been chiefly achieved by ongoing developments in the use of stable isotope tracers and mathematical modelling. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome is well complemented by extensive cell biological data. Nutritional modifications and increased physical exercise may favourably alter lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome by collectively decreasing the hepatic secretion of VLDL-apoB and the catabolism of HDL apoA-I, as well as by increasing the clearance of LDL-apoB. Pharmacological treatments, such as statins, fibrates or fish oils, can also correct the dyslipidaemia by several mechanisms of action including decreased secretion and increased catabolism of apoB, as well as increased secretion and decreased catabolism of apoA-I. The complementary mechanisms of action of lifestyle and drug therapies support the use of combination regimens to treat dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome.
Identification of Two Novel Components of the Human NDC80 Kinetochore Complex (2004)

Proper kinetochore function is essential for the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Kinetochores provide the attachment sites for spindle microtubules and are required for the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate (chromosome congression). Components of the conserved NDC80 complex are required for chromosome congression, and their disruption results in mitotic arrest accompanied by multiple spindle aberrations. To better understand the function of the NDC80 complex, we have identified two novel subunits of the human NDC80 complex, termed human SPC25 (hSPC25) and human SPC24 (hSPC24), using an immunoaffinity approach. hSPC25 interacted with HEC1 (human homolog of yeast Ndc80) throughout the cell cycle and localized to kinetochores during mitosis. RNA interference-mediated depletion of hSPC25 in HeLa cells caused aberrant mitosis, followed by cell death, a phenotype similar to that of cells depleted of HEC1. Loss of hSPC25 also caused multiple spindle aberrations, including elongated, multipolar, and fractured spindles. In the absence of hSPC25, MAD1 and HEC1 failed to localize to kinetochores during mitosis, whereas the kinetochore localization of BUB1 and BUBR1 was largely unaffected. Interestingly, the kinetochore localization of MAD1 in cells with a compromised NDC80 function was restored upon microtubule depolymerization. Thus, hSPC25 is an essential kinetochore component that plays a significant role in proper execution of mitotic events.
Comparison of Nitrogen and Oxygen Demands of Enological Yeasts: Technological Consequences (2000)

Nitrogen and oxygen requirements of commercial yeasts were compared. Nitrogen demands were measured by calculating the amounts of ammoniacal nitrogen necessary to keep the fermentation rate constant during the stationary phase. Oxygen demands were studied by (<i>i</i>) running anaerobic fermentations and (<i>ii</i>) measuring the effect of adding 1 mg/L oxygen at the beginning of the stationary phase. Substantial differences were found and their technological impact was discussed. Because of the importance of nitrogen and oxygen in enology, using such tests may be of great interest, especially when there are risks of (<i>i</i>) slow fermentations, due to nitrogen deficiencies or (<i>ii</i>) sluggish fermentations, mainly due to oxygen limitations.
Neuro-ophthalmology (1999)

Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Correspondence to N.J. Newman, 1365-B Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
CMOS Hardening Techniques (1972)

Complementary symmetry MOS circuits have high noise immunity and low power consumption which make them particularly suitable for military and space applications. A major drawback to their use is radiation sensitivity to accumulated fluences of radiation and also to prompt radiation bursts (transient effects). A significant degree of hardening against transient effects can be achieved by building the circuits in silicon-on-sapphire. This technology provides complete dielectric isolation and reduces photocurrents in the silicon. It is shown that each device type (N and P channel) must operate under both negative and positive gate bias. Therefore, to ensure hardening against an accumulated fluence of radiation, a dielectric which is hard under both polarities of gate bias should be used. Results are presented for CMOS circuits made with Al2O3 gate insulators.
Frame Synchronizer Concept for TDMA Burst Modems (1980)

A time-division multiple access (TDMA) frame-synchronizer concept for use at satellite network ground stations is presented, and results of a laboratory demonstration are reported. Synchronizer design is compatible with area coverage, fixed spot beam Satellite-Switched/TDMA, and scanning spot beam satellite systems. The frame synchronizer exploits the periodic nature of frame-marker transmissions from a master ground station to enable extremely reliable recovery of the frame-marker reference at each ground station without generation of any additional false references. Although the experimental synchronizer was designed for operation at a channel rate of 10 megabaud, digital components are readily available to enable implementation at rates as high as 300 megabaud. Detailed descriptions are provided, and operation is shown to be analogous to a phase-locked loop. As such, the frame synchronizer exhibits a slight jitter in the position of the regenerated framemarker reference caused by corruption of the arriving frame markers by channel errors. With high probability, the jitter was found to be within ±3 bits at error rates as high as 1 x 10-2. Time-to-lock of the loop from a cold start was also measured and found to have a mean value of 976 frames at the same channel error rate.
A Framework based on Authentication and Authorization to ensure Secure Data Storage in Cloud (2014)

The new era of computing has arrived i.e. Cloud Computing. The arrival of cloud computing is beginning of transformation in IT Industry because of its low cost, high accessibility, high performance and also other characteristics. In this technology user can access services reside in the remote servers maintained by third party. The data reside in cloud is of great value and its loss or damage could be a total disaster for its owner. So it is very much required to have secure method to preserve important data in order to prevent data loss. This paper examines the various data storage security issues and provides a better solution. Paper proposed a framework deal with different techniques to provide secure data storage in cloud. The strategy projected different segments which describe an authentication and authorization protocol using two way authentication, password hashing and encryption of data. It is possible to satisfy integrity, consistency and availability using this framework.
The Palindromic Astronaut (1974)

Few recent events captured man's interest and imagination as much as the Apollo program culminating in the landing of astronauts on the moon. This interest was in great part stimulated by the extensive TV coverage, particularly during the later moon walks; never before has it been possible to look over the shoulder of an explorer of an utterly strange land. Many writers, including the astronauts themselves, have searched for words to describe their transcendent experience.
A MADS-Box Gene Necessary for Fruit Ripening at the Tomato <i>Ripening-Inhibitor</i> ( <i>Rin</i> ) Locus (2002)

Tomato plants harboring the ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutation yield fruits that fail to ripen. Additionally, rin plants display enlarged sepals and loss of inflorescence determinacy. Positional cloning of the rin locus revealed two tandem MADS-box genes (LeMADS-RIN and LeMADS-MC), whose expression patterns suggested roles in fruit ripening and sepal development, respectively. The rin mutation alters expression of both genes. Gene repression and mutant complementation demonstrate that LeMADS-RIN regulates ripening, whereas LeMADS-MC affects sepal development and inflorescence determinacy. LeMADS-RIN demonstrates an agriculturally important function of plant MADS-box genes and provides molecular insight into nonhormonal (developmental) regulation of ripening.
Structure and function of nucleotide sugar transporters: Current progress (2014)

The proteomes of eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea are highly diverse due, in part, to the complex post-translational modification of protein glycosylation. The diversity of glycosylation in eukaryotes is reliant on nucleotide sugar transporters to translocate specific nucleotide sugars that are synthesised in the cytosol and nucleus, into the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus where glycosylation reactions occur. Thirty years of research utilising multidisciplinary approaches has contributed to our current understanding of NST function and structure. In this review, the structure and function, with reference to various disease states, of several NSTs including the UDP-galactose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, GDP-fucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine/UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose and CMP-sialic acid transporters will be described. Little is known regarding the exact structure of NSTs due to difficulties associated with crystallising membrane proteins. To date, no three-dimensional structure of any NST has been elucidated. What is known is based on computer predictions, mutagenesis experiments, epitope-tagging studies, in-vitro assays and phylogenetic analysis. In this regard the best-characterised NST to date is the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST). Therefore in this review we will provide the current state-of-play with respect to the structure-function relationship of the (CST). In particular we have summarised work performed by a number groups detailing the affect of various mutations on CST transport activity, efficiency, and substrate specificity.
Multi-level Authentication Scheme Utilizing Smart Cards and Biometrics (2009)

Authentication is an important part of security area. Smart Cards and Biometrics are widely used in authentication schemes. In this work, we propose a novel architecture and scheme for remote authentication. In this architecture, authentication level is decided by a policy server. The scheme provides an ability to use three authentication factors within different levels. Additional credentials are requested from user upon the authentication level determined by the policy server. The proposed scheme is designed to resist well-known attacks like replay and forgery attacks. At the same time, it fulfills many requirements expected from authentication schemes like mutual authentication and not to keep verification table. We also compared our scheme with well known schemes in the literature.
Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Full Duplex Relaying (2014)

We consider a dual-hop full-duplex relaying system, where the energy constrained relay node is powered by radio frequency signals from the source using the time-switching architecture, both the amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying protocols are studied. Specifically, we provide an analytical characterization of the achievable throughput of three different communication modes, namely, instantaneous transmission, delay-constrained transmission, and delay tolerant transmission. In addition, the optimal time split is studied for different transmission modes. Our results reveal that, when the time split is optimized, the full-duplex relaying could substantially boost the system throughput compared to the conventional half-duplex relaying architecture for all three transmission modes. In addition, it is shown that the instantaneous transmission mode attains the highest throughput. However, compared to the delay-constrained transmission mode, the throughput gap is rather small. Unlike the instantaneous time split optimization which requires instantaneous channel state information, the optimal time split in the delay-constrained transmission mode depends only on the statistics of the channel, hence, is suitable for practical implementations.
Brain Tumors (2000)

This chapter deals with intracranial masses that are neoplastic in origin. Approximately 17,000 primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are diagnosed each year in the United States.1 An equal or slightly larger number of metastatic tumors to the CNS are also diagnosed each year.1 The peak incidence for primary and metastatic tumors is in older adults (i.e., the seventh decade), with more males affected by primary CNS tumors than females (3:2) and the most common primary tumors being of glial origin (40–45%).2 KeywordsPituitary AdenomaCavernous SinusVasogenic EdemaPrimitive Neuroectodermal TumorObstructive HydrocephalusThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
One-Step Synthesis of Core−Shell (Ce<sub>0.7</sub>Zr<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub>(Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>[(Ce<sub>0.7</sub>Zr<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)@Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] Nanopowders via Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis (LF-FSP) (2009)

We report here the synthesis of Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) and (Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2))(x)(Al(2)O(3))(1-x) core-shell nanopowders in a single step by liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF-FSP) of the metalloorganic precursors, Ce(O(2)CCH(2)CH(3))(3)(OH), alumatrane [N(CH(2)CH(2)O)(3)Al], and Zr(O(2)CCH(2)CH(3))(2)(OH)(2). Solutions of all three precursors in ethanol with ceramic yields of 2.5 wt% were aerosolized with O(2), combusted at temperatures above 1500 degrees C, and rapidly quenched at approximately 1000 degrees C/ms to form Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) and (Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2))(x)(Al(2)O(3))(1-x) nanopowders of selected compositions, at rates of 50-100 g/h. The resulting, as-processed, materials are unaggregated nanopowders with average particle sizes (APSs) < 20 nm and corresponding specific surface areas of 30-50 m(2)/g. The as-processed powders were characterized in terms of phase, particle size, specific surface area, compositions, and morphology by XRD, BET, DLS, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA-DTA, and FT-IR. LF-FSP provides access to binary Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) nanopowders and ternary (Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2))(x)(Al(2)O(3))(1-x) nanopowders in one step. The obtained Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2) powders are solid solutions with a cubic phase. In contrast, LF-FSP of mixtures of the three precursors at specific compositions [x = 0.5, 0.7 for (Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2))(x)@(Al(2)O(3))(1-x)] provide core-shell nanopowders in a single step. The most reasonable explanation is that there are differences in the rates of condensation, nucleation and miscibility between the gas phase ions that form the Ce(x)Zr(1-x)O(2) solid solutions and those that condense to delta-Al(2)O(3) during processing. These as-produced materials are without microporosity at surface areas of > or = 30 m(2)/g. Evidence is presented suggesting the formation of (Ce/Zr)(3+) species in the as-processed (Ce(0.7)Zr(0.3)O(2))(x)(Al(2)O(3))(1-x) core-shell materials. An accompanying paper indicates that these materials offer significant and novel catalytic activities for hydrocarbon oxidation and deNO(x) processes without using platinum as a co-catalyst.
Superconducting stripline resonator performance (1989)

Reliable techniques for evaluating the microwave properties of superconductors are essential in providing calibrated data for exchange between laboratories and for developing practical device designs. The authors are examining the techniques which utilize microwave stripline resonators. These resonators provide for the rapid measurement of microwave parameters in a repeatable fashion with minimal constraints on processing. Sandwiched microstrip line resonators are used to compare the performance at 4.2 K of OFHC copper and superconducting films of Pb, Nb, and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) at C-band and X-band. Typical results for the Nb resonators show a loaded Q/sub L/ of about 8*10/sup 4/ with a transmission insertion loss of 5 dB at 3 GHz. Initial results on a YBCO a-axis film used as a ground plane in the Nb resonator yield a surface resistance value of about 10/sup -3/ Omega at 2.8 GHz. Preliminary results on the phase noise performance of a Nb resonator at 2.9 GHz are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Instantaneous non-linear operators for tracking multicomponent signal parameters (2003)

The authors have extended the Kaiser-Teager algorithm for separating the contributions of the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of a single sinusoid to a signal consisting of multiple components. An instantaneous nonlinear operator turns out to be the determinant of a Toeplitz matrix formed with the signal samples. Because of its instantaneously adaptive nature, this algorithm can be used to track parameter variations in the signal components, provided these variations are not too rapid. This is demonstrated using a synthetic signal containing two AM-FM components and a speech signal. The method's relationship to Prony's method is pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DEMONSTRATION OF AN RF-PHOTONIC MICROWAVE CHANNELIZER USING AN OPTICAL FIBER RECIRCULATING LOOP (2016)

A new type of RF-photonic channelizer is demonstrated which makes use of a pulse replication loop to realize a true time domain correlation receiver. We have demonstrated, for the first time, a one-step channelization of a total bandwidth of 1.3 GHz and over 400 channels from a single input RF signal pulse. Our channelizer’s system architecture is scalable and tunable to a total bandwidth of tens of GHz and over a thousand channels. 1.
Cold comfort (2003)

Despite government promises, thousands of older people still die every winter because of ‘fuel poverty’. Lynne Wallis reports on efforts to help those at risk
Air traffic controller aids for planning of arrival traffic - An AI approach (1987)

Air traffic management is considered as an AI problem, and planning concepts are developed for incorporation into an automation aid for enroute arrival controllers being developed by NASA. An Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance System is modified to include the nonmonotonicities inherent in the Air Traffic Control (ATC) domain, and it is noted under what circumstances the advantages of the ATMS in standard problem-solving domains carry over to planning. The noninteracting actions of the conceptualization are contrasted with the interacting actions of other domains. It is shown that the noninteracting nature of the ATC domain makes it possible to provide an efficient planner that avoids the frame problem.
Interleukin-1β Expression in Human Gastric Carcinoma with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection (2002)

ABSTRACT The KT tumor is a transplantable strain of a human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), established in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, with which the cytokine expression of EBVaGC can be investigated without interference from the infiltrating lymphocytes. As a part of a high-density oligonucleotide array (GeneChip) analysis of EBVaGC, the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene was the only cytokine gene that showed markedly higher expression in the KT tumor cells than in two tumor strains of EBV-negative GC. The results were confirmed by Northern blotting, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated a positive signal for IL-1β mRNA in the carcinoma cells of a surgically resected EBVaGC, but not in EBV-negative GC, by in situ hybridization. In vitro, IL-1β increased the cell growth of a GC cell line, TMK1. Thus, IL-1β may act as an autocrine growth factor in EBVaGC.