gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates fresh human monocytes to lyse actinomycin D-treated WEHI-164 target cells via increased secretion of a monokine similar to tumor necrosis factor. (1985)

We have studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on tumoricidal activity of human monocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood. Actinomycin D-treated WEHI-164 cells were used as targets because they are NK insensitive and are lysed rapidly by monocytes in 6-hr 51Cr-release assays. Monocytes exhibited significant spontaneous activity without endotoxin. Monocytes either pretreated for 1 hr with LPS or assayed in the presence of LPS exhibited 100- to 1000-fold increased cytolytic activity. A half-maximal response was observed with 100 pg/ml LPS. Lipid A was as effective as intact LPS but required slightly higher doses. Monophosphoryl lipid A had no effect. Supernatants of monocytes cultured 5 hr contained sufficient cytolytic activity to account for levels of cytolysis mediated by monocytes directly. Doses of LPS from 10 pg/ml to 10 micrograms/ml produced parallel increases in cell-mediated and supernatant-mediated lysis. Lymphocytes did not produce cytolytic supernatants. Cytolytic activity appeared in monocyte supernatants after 30 min and peaked after 4 to 7 hr regardless of the LPS concentration; longer incubation led to a loss of activity. Cytolytic activity was heat labile and trypsin sensitive, and was recovered from Sepharose S-200 columns in a single peak with an apparent m.w. between 25,000 and 40,000. Actinomycin D or cycloheximide treatment of monocytes before the addition of LPS inhibited cytolytic monokine production. Cytolytic monokine activity was partially neutralized by specific rabbit antisera to human tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We conclude that, although fresh human monocytes exhibit spontaneous tumoricidal activity, LPS is a potent activating agent. Its stimulatory effects depend on new transcription and translation and are mediated by enhanced secretion of a cytolytic monokine similar to TNF.
Synthesis and Use of Chiral Surfactants. (2001)

It has been previously shown that micelles formed from surfactants with chiral head groups serve to induce a chiral reaction medium, leading to enhanced enantioselectivities in the reaction products. This utilization of chiral surfactants will offer an economical alternative to traditional chial solvents while simultaneously reducing organic waste. We have successfully dimethlated S-leucinol in an 85% yield, and have synthesized a hydrocarbon-based surfactant with this molecule as a head group. We have also formed polymeric surfactants that have polydimethylsiloxane as the hydrophobic portion with the (S)-dimethylleucinol as a head group. Tests of the solubility of these surfactants have been conducted. We also have done a reduction of a ketone in 95% ethanol and 1.3%-4% (w/v) surfactants, resulting in ee. 5.4%-6.6%.
Whisker formation on matte Sn influencing of high humidity (2005)

The purpose of this study was to identify the main causes for whisker growth and to establish its mechanism, while at the same time identifying test conditions that can be used for an industry wide acceptance test for whisker formation, since this test has never been established. In order to understand the influence of humidity and corrosion on whisker growth the E4 (Freescale Semiconductor, Infineon, STMicroelectronics and Philips) started an extensive design of experiments (DoE). Parameters in this DoE include: plating, solderpaste, flux, substrate material, preconditioning and condensation. This paper presents the outcome of this DoE and furthermore give an update on the previously reported and ongoing experiments to discover the main factors influencing whisker growth.
A heat-shock-activated cDNA encoding GAGA factor rescues some lethal mutations in the <i>Drosophila melanogaster Trithorax-like</i> gene (2001)

GAGA factor is an important chromosomal protein involved in establishing specific nucleosome arrays and in regulating gene transcription in Drosophila melanogaster. We developed a transgenic system for controlled heat-shock-dependent overexpression of the GAGA factor 519 amino acid isoform (GAGA-519) in vivo. Efficient production of stable protein from these transgenes provided genetic rescue of a hypomorphic Trithorax-like (Trl) lethal allele to adulthood. Nevertheless, supplemental GAGA-519 did not suppress position effect variegation (PEV), a phenomenon commonly used to measure dosage effects of chromosomal proteins, nor did it rescue other lethal alleles of Trl. The results suggest requirements for the additional isoforms of GAGA factor, of for more precise regulation of synthesis, to carry out the diverse functions of this protein.
Hardware support for a hash-based IP traceback (2002)

The Source Path Isolation Engine (SPIE) is a system capable of tracing a single IP packet to its point of origin or point of ingress into a network. SPIE supports tracing by scoring a few bits of unique information about each packet for a period of time as the packets traverse the network. Software implementations of SPIE can trace packets through networks comprised of slow-to-medium speed routers (up to OC-12), but higher-speed routers (OC-48 and faster) require hardware support. In this paper, we discuss these hardware design aspects of SPIE. Most of the hardware resides in a self-contained SPIE processing unit, which may be implemented in a line card form factor for insertion into the router itself or as a stand-alone unit that connects to the router through an external interface.
Dementia in Parkinson's disease: Biochemical evidence for cortical involvement using the immunodetection of abnormal tau proteins (1993)

In order to elucidate the neurochemical basis of the dementia of Parkinson's disease, we compared samples of cerebral cortex from 24 nondemented parkinsonian patients and parkinsonian patients with various degrees of dementia, with those from patients with Alzheimer's disease and control subjects, using a quantitative Western blot analysis. An anti-paired helical filaments antibody was used for the immunodetection of the abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins 55, 64, and 69, which are known to be specific and reliable biochemical markers of Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary degeneration. The frequency and intensity of immunodetection of the abnormal Tau triplet were higher in the demented parkinsonian subgroups than in the nondemented parkinsonian subgroup in the prefrontal area, temporal cortex, and entorhinal cortex but not in either the occipital or the cingular cortex. A quantification of abnormal Tau triplet by densitometry showed that unlike the results obtained in Alzheimer patients, the intensity of lesions in the cerebral cortex of the most demented parkinsonian patients was more severe in the prefrontal area versus the temporal area. This study (1) gives biochemical evidence for Alzheimer-type changes in the cortex of demented parkinsonian patients and (2) suggests that lesions of the prefrontal cortex may significantly contribute to the occurrence of cognitive changes at least in some patients with Parkinson's disease.
Gal4/UAS Transgenic Tools and Their Application to Zebrafish (2008)

The ability to regulate gene expression in a cell-specific and temporally restricted manner provides a powerful means to test gene function, bypass the action of lethal genes, label subsets of cells for developmental studies, monitor subcellular structures, and target tissues for selective ablation or physiological analyses. The galactose-inducible system of yeast, mediated by the transcriptional activator Gal4 and its consensus UAS binding site, has proven to be a highly successful and versatile system for controlling transcriptional activation in Drosophila. It has also been used effectively, albeit in a more limited manner, in the mouse. While zebrafish has lagged behind other model systems in the widespread application of Gal4 transgenic approaches to modulate gene activity during development, recent technological advances are permitting rapid progress. Here we review Gal4-regulated genetic tools and discuss how they have been used in zebrafish as well as their potential drawbacks. We describe some exciting new directions, in large part afforded by the Tol2 transposition system, that are generating valuable new Gal4/UAS reagents for zebrafish research.
Coordination Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Naturally Renewable α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone into Unsaturated Polyesters (2014)

Reported herein is the first coordination–insertion ring-opening copolymerization of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) catalyzed by f-block lanthanide (Ln) catalysts, Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3, that produce exclusively an unsaturated copolyester PMBL-co-PCL without coproducing any homopolymer PMBL. Accomplishing such synthesis requires effective strategies to meet two key challenges: ring-opening of the γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) ring in MBL—the five-membered lactone well recognized for its nonpolymerizability—and shutting down the vinyl-addition pathway via conjugate addition across the double bond—the exocyclic C═C moiety in MBL known for its high reactivity toward vinyl addition. Remarkably, the current Ln coordination catalyst system, coupled with judiciously chosen reaction conditions (relatively nonpolar solvent and low temperature, 0 or −20 °C), effectively copolymerizes MBL and ε-CL to produce the ring-opening copolyester PMBL-co-PCL, with the MBL incorporation up to 40 mol % and without any detectable PMBL formation, even when employing a large excess of MBL in feed. Successful ring-opening homopolymerization of γ-BL by the Ln catalyst has also been realized at −78 °C under ambient pressure, producing the polyester PBL with a Tm of 63.0 °C and a Tg of −53.7 °C. Investigation into the thermal property of the resulting copolyester reveals an overall depression of Tm of the copolyester as increasing the MBL incorporation, indicating that the ring-opened MBL (unsaturated) polyester incorporated in the random copolymer is noncrystallizable and disrupts the crystallization process of the crystallizable, ring-opened ε-CL (saturated) polyester segment. Mechanistic studies provide key evidence for a coordination–insertion ring-opening copolymerization mechanism.
<title>Block Character Coding</title> (1976)

A binary facsimile coding technique capable of coding documents at compression ratios from 10:1 to 40:1 has been developed. In the basic system, individual document characters are isolated into small rectangular blocks. The location, size, and contents of each block are coded for transmission. A more sophisticated version of the coder utilizes matching of a character with previously scanned characters. If a match exists, a code word indicating the match is coded along with the character location.
pH-Controlled Diffusion of Proteins with Different pI Values Across a Nanochannel on a Chip (2006)

Electrostatic interactions dominate the diffusion of proteins in a nanochannel, which was measured and modeled for pH values above and below the isoelectric points of three lectin proteins. Maximal diffusion coefficients were obtained when the proteins were neutral at their pI. This pH-controlled transport led to a separation of biomolecules across the nanochannel. A pI shift was observed, due to reversible adsorption of proteins on the walls, which affects the pH in the nanochannel.
Edge-centric modulo scheduling for coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (2008)

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) present an appealing hardware platform by providing the potential for high computation throughput, scalability, low cost, and energy efficiency. CGRAs consist of an array of function units and register files often organized as a two dimensional grid. The most difficult challenge in deploying CGRAs is compiler scheduling technology that can efficiently map software implementations of compute intensive loops onto the array. Traditional schedulers focus on the placement of operations in time and space. With CGRAs, the challenge of placement is compounded by the need to explicitly route operands from producers to consumers. To systematically attack this problem, we take an edge-centric approach to modulo scheduling that focuses on the routing problem as its primary objective. With edge-centric modulo scheduling (EMS), placement is a by-product of the routing process, and the schedule is developed by routing each edge in the dataflow graph. Routing cost metrics provide the scheduler with a global perspective to guide selection. Experiments on a wide variety of compute-intensive loops from the multimedia domain show that EMS improves throughput by 25% over traditional iterative modulo scheduling, and achieves 98% of the throughput of simulated annealing techniques at a fraction of the compilation time.
Superconductor-to-nonsuperconductor transition in (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>as investigated by transport and magnetic measurements (1989)

Transport and magnetic properties of (${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ are systematically investigated over a wide composition range up to x=0.175 including a nonsuperconducting metal phase in the heavily doped region. Remarkable changes associated with the superconductor-to-nonsuperconductor transition are observed both in the Hall coefficient and the magnetic susceptibility, suggesting the modification of both charge and spin states.
Separation of antigens by immunological specificity. Studies on the desorption of homologous antigen from disulphide-linked antibody immunosorbents (1970)

1. Glycine-hydrochloric acid buffer, pH2.2, desorbed (131)I-labelled human serum albumin (100%), lysozyme (100%), ovalbumin (90%), fluorescent ovalbumin (50-60%) and fluorescent human gamma-globulin (20%) from their respective homologous disulphide-linked antibody immunosorbents; reasons are suggested for the low recoveries of the fluorescently labelled proteins. 2. Approx. 40% of the recovered (131)I-labelled human serum albumin and fluorescent ovalbumin was desorbed above pH6.0, but lysozyme was not eluted until the pH was 3.0 or below. 3. In all cases where high recoveries of antigen were obtained, the immunosorbents could be regenerated and recycled at least four times with full retention of specificity and minimal diminution of capacity. 4. The desorbed antigens were unchanged when compared with the original antigens by quantitative precipitin, specificradioactivity, fluorescent and enzymic analyses and by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. 5. Desorption of antigen with a variety of reagents was investigated. These reagents were less satisfactory than glycine-hydrochloric acid.
A Comparative Analysis of Spectral Reflectance Estimated in Various Spaces Using a Trichromatic Camera System (2000)

Principal component analysis coupled with multi-channel digital image capture is a powerful technique for spectral scene estimation. Most often, the linear modeling is performed using a spectral reflectance factor. However, it is well known that for many subtractive coloration systems, spectral reflectance is nonlinearly related to colorant amount. Accordingly, the accuracy of spectral reconstruction has been evaluated as a function of the spectral definition of the ensemble. Specifically, Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory and a new empirical transformation, optimized for optimal data normality, were compared with spectral reflectance factor. Both tested spaces are nonlinear transformations of spectral reflectance factor. In addition, a new technique of multi-channel digital image capture was developed and tested. This technique combined trichromatic image capture with color filtration resulting in multiple signals in sets of three. Six eigenvectors based on the new empirical space coupled with digital capture with and without a light-blue absorption filter produced the most accurate spectral scene estimation from among the various tested combinations.
Multipath TCP algorithms (2013)

Multi-path TCP (MP-TCP) has the potential to greatly improve application performance by using multiple paths transparently. We propose a fluid model for a large class of MP-TCP algorithms and identify design criteria that guarantee the existence, uniqueness, and stability of system equilibrium. We characterize algorithm parameters for TCP-friendliness and prove an inevitable tradeoff between responsiveness and friendliness. We discuss the implications of these properties on the behavior of existing algorithms and motivate a new design that generalizes existing algorithms. We use ns2 simulations to evaluate the proposed algorithm and illustrate its superior overall performance.
Culturable Whitefly Associated Bacteria and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents (2009)

Bio-pesticides play an important role in reducing the deleterious effects associated with using conventional insecticides. For this reason, the potential of eleven whitefly-associated bacterial isolates as biological control agents was studied under lab conditions. These bacteria were three gram negatives; Erwinia persicinus, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and Pseudomonas putida, and 8 gram positives; Brevibacterium casei, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Exiquobacterium acetylicum, Exiguobacterium undae, and Micrococcus caseolyticus. Results revealed that Erwinia persicinus, Bacillus pumilus and Exiquobacterium acetylicum were the most effective in reducing Bemisia tabaci 2 nd
Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, a molecular marker specific for lignin synthesis: cDNA cloning and mRNA induction by fungal elicitor. (1988)

Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) catalyzes the final step in a branch of phenylpropanoid synthesis specific for production of lignin monomers. We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding CAD, as a molecular marker specific for lignification, by immunoscreening a lambda gt11 library containing cDNAs complementary to mRNA from elicitor-treated cell cultures of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The clone comprises a single long open reading frame of 1767 base pairs, 31 base pairs of 5' leader, and 152 base pairs of 3' untranslated sequence. The deduced 65-kDa CAD polypeptide has several features that are strongly conserved in alcohol dehydrogenases. Addition of fungal elicitor to cell cultures stimulates CAD transcription, which leads to a remarkably rapid, but transient, accumulation of CAD mRNA, with no detectable lag and maximal levels after 1.5 hr. Southern blot analysis of bean genomic DNA indicates that elicitor-induced CAD is encoded by a single gene. The regulatory significance of the rapid activation of this CAD gene and the possible existence of a second, divergent CAD gene involved in lignification during xylogenesis are discussed.
Natural polyamines stimulate G-proteins (1992)

The natural polyamines spermine and spermidine, the biosynthetic precursor putrescine and their analogues cadaverine and tyramine stimulate the GTPase activity of purified GTP-binding proteins (Go/Gi) from calf brain reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. The order of potency was spermine greater than spermidine greater than putrescine = cadaverine greater than tyramine. The physiological relevance of this observation was assessed, showing the same order of potency of polyamines in the stimulation of peritoneal and tracheal rat mast cells. The activation of rat mast cells by polyamines was inhibited by benzalkonium chloride or by a 2 h pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. The increase in inositol phosphates evoked by polyamines was also inhibited by pertussis toxin. Therefore we propose that intracellular polyamines might control the basal level of second messengers and modulate extracellular signals transduced through G-protein-coupled receptors.
Inhibition of SR Ca2+ uptake: A novel action of the RyR2–FKBP12.6 antagonist K201 (2007)

See article by Loughrey et al. [13] (pages 236–246) in this issue. 

K201, also known as JTV519 or JTV-519, is a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative that was developed for its protective action against Ca2+-induced myocardial damage [1]. It was subsequently shown to be protective in models of ischaemia-reperfusion injury [2,3] and heart failure (HF) [4], has been in phase II clinical trials as a protective agent against acute myocardial infarction since 2000, and is suggested to reduce reperfusion injury following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (see http://www.jti.co.jp/JTI_E/IR/FR/0111/0111-Supplementary.pdf). Although like diltiazem, to which it is structurally related, it blocks L-type-Ca2+-current (ICa,L) [5], it is a relatively non-selective blocker of cation-currents including the Na+-current [5], both background and G-protein-gated inward-rectifier K+ currents [5,6], and the rapidly-activating-delayed-rectifier-current (IKr) [6,7]. K201 is also reported to have anti-arrhythmic effects in models of atrial-fibrillation (AF) through prolongation of the effective refractory period (ERP) [6,8]. Other putative-targets for K201 include the α 1-adrenoceptor [1], annexin-V [1], protein-kinase-Cδ [3], and NO-synthase [9]. More recently, the effects of K201 on the ryanodine-receptor (RyR2), suggested to … 

*Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Bristol Heart Institute Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. Tel.: +44 117 331 2297; fax: +44 117 331 2288. a.james{at}bristol.ac.uk
The cyclone gas–liquid separator: operation and mechanistic modeling (2001)

A research program was aimed to develop the cyclone gas–liquid separator. The program focused on testing scaled-down models and prototypes and developing mechanistic modeling for the phase separation and flow hydrodynamic processes. This paper describes the operational principles of the cyclone separator, discloses laboratory and field data and presents the modeling foundations. The laboratory tests were performed in downsized models operating with mixtures of air and water or water-based viscous liquids. The analysis of experimental data, extensive flow visualization and the identification of the operational constraints set the basis for the mechanistic modeling. The capability of the model to represent the separation processes was checked against field tests conducted with actual fluids in full dimension prototypes. Based on these results, prospective field applications are also presented.