gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenge and Therapeutic Studies Using Alpha-Methyl-para-Tyrosine (AMPT) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review (2008)

Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) temporarily inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting step in the dopamine biosynthesis cascade. AMPT has been approved for clinical use in phaeochromocytoma in 1979. Recently however, AMPT has been increasingly employed as a pharmacological challenge in acute dopamine depletion studies including neuroimaging studies. The use of this exciting challenge technique allows us to increase our understanding of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. In addition, there have been clinical reports that AMPT may be useful to treat movement disorders like dystonia, dyskinesia and Huntingtons chorea, psychiatric disorders like mania, psychosis, obsessive compulsive disorder and substance abuse as well as behavioral problems in 22q11 deletion syndrome. In this review we will discuss the effects of AMPT in challenge studies that have been reported in humans. Furthermore we will review all studies reporting therapeutic effects of AMPT in neuropsychiatric disorders and adverse effects associated with AMPT use reported in both challenge and therapeutic research. Keywords: Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, AMPT, dopamine, depletion, challenge, treatment, catecholamine
A VLSI for real-time linear operations and transforms (1991)

A VLSI system, utilizing 16 systolic array multipliers, designed to compute vector-matrix products at a rate of 640*10/sup 6/ MACs is presented. The 448,000-transistor, 1.6- mu m CMOS device incorporates a dual timing scheme which allows multiplexing of hardware units over identical operations. This hardware balances maximum internal operating frequency with external data bandwidth and results in an improved ration of the signal throughput to silicon area. This system has wide application because of its ability to compute correlation, convolution, linear transforms, and connections in multilayer perceptrons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flow cytometric analysis of DNA damage and repair in the cells resistant to alkylating agents. (1990)

DNA damage in the cells sensitive and resistant to alkylating agents was determined by flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (MOAB) F7-26. MOAB F7-26 interacted with single-stranded regions in alkylated DNA, and the binding of antibody to the cells increased in proportion to the decrease in cell viability. Development of resistance to L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in A2780 cells was associated with decreased immunoreactivity of DNA with MOAB F7-26. Fluorescence was significantly lower in resistant cells than in sensitive cells, and the difference in the binding of MOAB between two cell types increased with the dose of L-PAM. The enhancement of L-PAM cytotoxicity to resistant cells by buthionine sulfoximine and hyperthermia was accompanied by a proportional increase of MOAB F7-26 binding to DNA. The same relative potential of sensitization regimens was established by cell survival and MOAB staining. The time course of DNA repair established by decrease of MOAB binding after L-PAM removal was similar in sensitive and resistant cells. Resistance of A2780 cells to L-PAM was associated with low initial level of DNA damage and with decreased cytotoxicity per unit of damage. We conclude that resistant cells could be distinguished from sensitive cells by staining with MOAB F7-26 and that the sensitization of resistant cells could be quantitatively predicted by flow cytometry analysis of MOAB binding.
DNA probe technology for rapid detection of Haemophilus influenzae in clinical specimens (1988)

In a previous study, we reported that a 5-kilobase Haemophilus influenzae DNA fragment involved in penicillin-binding protein expression could be used as a probe for specific detection of H. influenzae strains (F. Malouin and L. E. Bryan, Mol. Cell. Probes 1:221-232, 1987). Here, we report the ability of this probe to detect H. influenzae in clinical specimens. In a bacterial dot experiment, there was strong hybridization of the 32P-labeled probe to nonencapsulated and serotype a through f H. influenzae strains. The detection of H. influenzae in body fluids was then evaluated by using pooled human serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and sputum as dilution media for H. influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Escherichia coli cells. At 65 degrees C, the probe hybridized to H. influenzae and H. aegyptius (greater than or equal to 10(5) cells) in all fluids. There was no hybridization with the E. coli negative control, and H. parainfluenzae hybridized when greater than or equal to 10(7) cells were used. Experiments performed at 73 and 80 degrees C permitted elimination of H. parainfluenzae hybridization. The detection of H. influenzae in 232 sputa from patients with respiratory tract infections was very specific (96 to 97%) and sensitive (74 to 100%) when the total time of the procedure was sufficient (6 to 24 h) and when the experiments were performed at 80 degrees C. In addition, the probe detected three of three and four of four H. influenzae-infected cerebrospinal fluids and blood cultures, respectively, and did not react with pneumococcus- or streptococcus-infected cerebrospinal fluids. Finally, by using a small-scale procedure, the probe rapidly detected H. influenzae in cerebrospinal fluid and sputum specimens (4 and 8 h, respectively). These results imply prompt diagnosis of H. influenzae infections caused by nonencapsulated and serotype a through f strains.
Design and model for a computer supported cooperative environment for CASE and CAD applications (1997)

For the past decade, numerous commercial and experimental systems have been designed for collaborative writing applications. From our experience working in the area of CSCW research and development, we have come to realize the possibility and the potential significance of CSCW systems in the engineering design process. The objective of the research is to introduce and develop a CSCW environment to support engineering design, specifically, in a distributed environment that combines computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided software engineering (CASE). In an effort to combine them into a seamless engineering package, we first target supporting engineering design (using CAD) with computer simulation (using CASE). This paper addresses issues involved in the design and development of the environment, including the graphical user interface, text and graphics editors, video and audio communication, multimedia database, document integration, and software simulation.
Dose-related cytoprotective effect of<i>α</i>-lipoic acid on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress to pancreatic beta cells (2009)

alpha-Lipoic acid (alpha-LA), an antioxidant used for diabetic polyneuropathy, was reported to induce AMP-activated protein kinase activation and reductions in insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells at high concentrations (> or = 500 micromol/l). This study investigated whether alpha-LA has a protective role under oxidative stress in beta-cells and its effect is dose-related. In INS-1 cells treated with alpha-LA (150-1200 micromol/l) for 24 h, alpha-LA itself (> or = 300 micromol/l) induced apoptotic death dose-dependently. However, pre-treatment with 150 and 300 micromol/l alpha-LA reduced the hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells and isolated islets. alpha-LA alleviated hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and c-JNK activation in beta-cells. alpha-LA induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent Akt phosphorylation in INS-1 cells. While alpha-LA is harmful to beta-cells at high concentrations in vitro, it has potential cytoprotective effects on beta-cells under oxidative stress as in diabetes by its antioxidant properties and possibly by Akt phosphorylation at clinically relevant concentrations.
Stable transmission of radio frequency signals on fiber links using interferometric delay sensing (2009)

We demonstrate distribution of a 2850 MHz rf signal over stabilized optical fiber links. For a 2.2 km link we measure an rms drift of 19.4 fs over 60 h, and for a 200 m link an rms drift of 8.4 fs over 20 h. The rf signals are transmitted as amplitude modulation on a continuous optical carrier. Variations in the delay length are sensed using heterodyne interferometry and used to correct the rf phase. The system uses standard fiber telecommunications components.
Genetic and structural analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes (1987)

The fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 constitute an operon and are required for nitrogen fixation in alfalfa nodules. DNA homologous to the R. meliloti fixABC genes is present in all other Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species examined, but fixABC-homologous sequences were found in only one free-living diazotroph, Azotobacter vinelandii. To determine whether the fixABCX genes share sequence homology with any of the 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae nif genes, we determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the fixA, fixB, fixC, and fixX genes and defined four open reading frames that code for polypeptides of molecular weights 31,146, 37,786, 47,288, and 10,937, respectively. Neither DNA nor amino acid sequence homology to the R. meliloti fixA, -B, -C, and -X genes was found in the K. pneumoniae nif operon. The fixX gene contains a cluster of cysteine residues characteristic of ferredoxins and is highly homologous to an Azotobacter ferredoxin which has been shown to donate electrons to nitrogenase. The fixABC operon contains a promoter region that is highly homologous to other nifA-activated promoters. We also found a duplication of the 5' end of the fixABCX operon; a 250-bp region located 520 bp upstream of the fixABCX promoter bears more than 65% homology to the 5' end of the transcribed region, including the first 32 codons of fixA.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (1990)

Part 1 History of genetics and epidemiology: historical review, C.Hawkins genetics of inflammatory bowel disease, R.B.McConnell epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease, M.J.S.Langman. Part 2 Pathophysiology: pathophysiology of small intestinal function and the effect of Crohn's disease, V.S.Chadwick and M.Camilleri absorption of fluids and electrolytes by the colon - relevance to inflammatory bowel disease, C.Steadman and S.F.Phillips disturbances of intestinal motor activity in inflammatory bowel disease, S.S.C.Rao and N.W.Read anorectal function, M.R.B.Keighley and M.Pinho ileostomy function, G.L.Hill hepatic function, bile excretion and gallbladder function in Crohn's disease, P.Rutgeerts and G.Vantrappen infection and surgery, R.G.Tudor and M.R.B.Keighley. Part 3 Aetiology: one disease or two, H.J.F.Hodgson immunology of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, D.P.Jewell and J.A.Snook the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease - the role of infectious agents, W.R.Thayer dietary factors in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease, K.W.Heaton mucus and inflammatory bowel diseases, J.M.Rhodes animal models, J.M.Rhodes. Part 4 Diagnosis: differential diagnosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other disorders, including diverticular disease, P.Riis laboratory investigations and disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease, J.W.Singleton ulcerative colitis - radiology, K.Evers and I.Laufer radiology - Crohn's disease, J.R.Lee histopathology of ulcerative colitis, J.B.Dixon and R.H.Riddell histopathology of Crohn's disease, H.Thompson endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease, R.H.Hunt. Part 5 Clinical presentation - natural history and prognosis: ulcerative colitis, V.Binder proctitis, A.Allan Crohn's disease of the small intestine, H.A.Andrews and R.N.Allan Crohn's disease of the large intestine, R.G.Farmer oral, oesophageal and gastro-duodenal Crohn's disease, I.T.Weterman perianal lesions in Crohn's disease. Part 6 Medical treatment: sulphasalazine and aminosalicylates in treatment, M.J.Dew corticosteroid and immunosuppressive drugs,m J.E.Lenanrd-Jones medical management of ulcerative colitis, J.M.Rhodes medical management of Crohn's disease, R.N.Allan nutritional therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases, J.B.Mason and I.H.Rosenberg. Part 7 Surgical treatment: ulcerative colitis - indications for emergency and elective surgery, N.Williams.
Japanese B Encephalitis: An Overview of the Disease and Use of Chimerivax-JE as a Preventative Vaccine (2013)

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic in many countries in southern Asia and the western Pacific Rim, with new spread to previously unrecognized countries. It is an important cause of childhood neurological disease associated with permanent neurological sequelae and death. Fortunately, JE is a vaccine-preventable disease. The ChimeriVax™-JE (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) is a live-attenuated chimeric vaccine derived from the live-attenuated yellow fever virus, YF17D, which expresses the envelope proteins of the attenuated JEV vaccine strain, SA14-14-2. It is a safe, well-tolerated vaccine that is highly immunogenic in adults and children. The average geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer (GMT) in adults is 1,392 and over 90% of adults remain seroprotected 5 years after vaccination. In children and toddlers, more than 80% remain seroprotected 2 years after primary vaccination and demonstrate a robust and durable anamnestic response (>500-fold rise in GMT) with 99.1% seroprotection rates 1 year after a booster vaccine dose. The ChimeriVax™-JE is effective in children living in endemic regions where the vaccine could possibly be integrated into existing childhood vaccination programs. ChimeriVax™-JE is also indicated for travelers at risk of JE infection.
Heterogeneity of Peroxidase Related to Antibacterial Activity in Human Parotid Saliva (1972)

The peroxidase that is related to the thiocyanate-peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide antibacterial system in human parotid saliva was separated into three subfractions by diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-cellulose column chromatography. Heterogeneity was confirmed by isoelectric focusing. Three subfractions contributed to the inhibition of the growth of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469.
The role of macrophage inhibitory factor in tumorigenesis and central nervous system tumors (2009)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been described as a protein that plays an important role in both innate and acquired immunity. Further research has shown that MIF plays a particularly critical part in cell cycle regulation and therefore in tumorigenesis as well. Over the past few years, the significance of the role of MIF in a variety of both solid and hematologic tumors has been established. More recently, interest has increased in the role of MIF in the development of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, in which it appears to influence cell cycle control. In addition, MIF has been identified as an essential actor in metastasis and angiogenesis. Vascular growth factor concentration raises because of increased levels of MIF in brain tumors. Recently, the MIF receptor complex has been described, and it appears that this may be a suitable drug target for treatment of brain tumors. In light of these findings, the authors chose to conduct a systematic search for information regarding MIF that has been published within the past 15 years using the terms "inflammation," "glioblastoma," "brain tumor," "astrocytoma," "microglia," "glioblastoma," "immune system and brain tumors," "glioblastoma and MIF," and "brain tumor and MIF." The aim of this article was thus to present a detailed review of current knowledge regarding the role of MIF in CNS tumor pathophysiology.
ADP-ribosylation of Rho-proteins with botulinum C3 exoenzyme inhibits invasion and shape changes of T-lymphoma cells. (1997)

C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosylates the small GTP-binding protein Rho with a high specificity. The use of C3 has shown that Rho-mediated signaling is involved in the regulation of actin-dependent processes in various cell types. In order to investigate the role of Rho-proteins in lymphocyte crawling, we have analyzed the effects of C3 on a T-cell line derived from the murine BW5147 lymphoma. Pretreatment of the lymphoma cells with C3, in conditions where Rho was actually ADP-ribosylated, strongly inhibited the characteristic shape changes resulting from extension and retraction of pseudopodia. Concomitantly, invasion of the cells through a monolayer of fibroblast-like cells was also inhibited. C3-treatment did not affect the total F-actin content of the cells, as measured by flow cytometry of cells stained with phalloidin. Yet, microscopical observation revealed that the accumulations of F-actin, which were seen in the pseudopodia of untreated cells, were absent after treatment with C3. This suggests that C3 may affect actin polymerization locally. The inhibitory effect of C3 on invasion was not restricted to the murine BW5147 lymphoma cell line, as it occurred also with CCRF-CEM, a human T-cell lymphoma line. Our results demonstrate that invasion-bound motility of lymphocytes depends on a Rho-mediated signal transduction pathway.
Venomous Secretions from Marine Snails of the Terebridae Family Target Acetylcholine Receptors (2013)

Venoms from cone snails (Conidae) have been extensively studied during the last decades, but those from other members of the suborder Toxoglossa, such as of Terebridae and Turridae superfamilies attracted less interest so far. Here, we report the effects of venom and gland extracts from three species of the superfamily Terebridae. By 2-electrode voltage-clamp technique the gland extracts were tested on Xenopus oocytes expressing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of rat neuronal (α3β2, α3β4, α4β2, α4β4, α7) and muscle subtypes (α1β1γδ), and expressing potassium (Kv1.2 and Kv1.3) and sodium channels (Nav1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6). The extracts were shown to exhibit remarkably high inhibitory activities on almost all nAChRs tested, in particular on the α7 subtype suggesting the presence of peptides of the A-superfamily from the venom of Conus species. In contrast, no effects on the potassium and sodium channels tested were observed. The venoms of terebrid snails may offer an additional source of novel biologically active peptides.
Tautology checking using cross-controllability and cross-observability relations (2002)

A novel method is described for verifying the equivalence between a combinational circuit and its specification, when both are given in a modular (e.g., factored) form. It is based on the notion of cross-controllability and cross-observability relations that exist between the internal logic values across a cut of the joint composition of the circuit and the specification. It is proven that even after abstracting input and other internal variables the relations are sufficient to verify the equivalence. The abstraction allows reduction of the size of the relation, thus permitting the verification of much larger circuits. A report is presented on the verification of an 8*8 parallel multiplier using at most 527 BDD (binary decision diagram) cells of 21 variables. Extensions to sequential circuits are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preferential Propagation of Competent SIX2+ Nephronic Progenitors by LIF/ROCKi Treatment of the Metanephric Mesenchyme (2015)

Understanding the mechanisms responsible for nephrogenic stem cell preservation and commitment is fundamental to harnessing the potential of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) for nephron regeneration. Accordingly, we established a culture model that preferentially expands the MM SIX2+ progenitor pool using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a Rho kinase inhibitor (ROCKi), and extracellular matrix. Passaged MM cells express the key stem cell regulators Six2 and Pax2 and remain competent to respond to WNT4 induction and form mature tubular epithelia and glomeruli. Mechanistically, LIF activates STAT, which binds to a Stat consensus sequence in the Six2 proximal promoter and sustains SIX2 levels. ROCKi, on the other hand, attenuates the LIF-induced differentiation activity of JNK. Concomitantly, the combination of LIF/ROCKi upregulates Slug expression and activates YAP, which maintains SIX2, PAX2, and SALL1. Using this novel model, our study underscores the pivotal roles of SIX2 and YAP in MM stem cell stability.
Stoichiometry and stereochemistry of deuterium incorporated into fatty acids by cells of Escherichia coli grown on [methyl-2H3]acetate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStoichiometry and stereochemistry of deuterium incorporated into fatty acids by cells of Escherichia coli grown on [methyl-2H3]acetateRobert H. WhiteCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 1, 9–15Publication Date (Print):January 8, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 8 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00542a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00542a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ligand-Receptor Energetics: A Guide for the Perplexed (1997)

Number of Liganded Molecules. Affinities: From a Site Perspective. Affinities: From a Stoichiometric Perspective. Affinities: From a Ghost--Site Perspective. Facts and Fantasies from Graphical Analyses. Numerical Evaluations of Stoichiometric Binding Constants. Affinity Profiles. Thermodynamic Perspectives. Forces of Interaction. Molecular Scenarios. Appendices. Index.
Segmentron: a neuronal network simulating the structure and the function of the visual cortex (1992)

The authors present a neuronal network of the visual cortex referred to as the Segmentron. It is based primarily on neuromorphological and neurophysiological data obtained in animal experiments. The response profiles of the neuron-like elements in the model are shown to be very similar to the profiles of the real neurons in the visual cortex. Moreover, by the running of the model, properties of the neurons in the visual cortex that were not initially present are revealed. In particular, it is shown that the neuronal network includes the capability of texture discrimination. This and some other features of the network make it very attractive for various applications in the field of technical vision for industrial/commercial use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elevation Estimation with a High Resolution Automotive Radar (2019)

This paper demonstrates that interferometry is an effective means to provide elevation information in an automotive radar. Often discarded as yielding `no real resolution in elevation', we display experimental results showing that high resolution in range, velocity and azimuth renders resolution in elevation dimension redundant.