gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Clumping Factor A Binding Region A in a Subunit Vaccine against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> -Induced Mastitis in Mice (2010)

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the potential of recombinant binding region A of clumping factor A (rClfA-A) to be an effective component of a vaccine against mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus in the mouse. rClfA-A and inactivated S. aureus were each emulsified in Freund's adjuvant, mineral oil adjuvant, and Seppic adjuvant; phosphate-buffered saline was used as a control. Seven groups of 12 mice each were immunized intraperitoneally three times at 2-week intervals. The titers of IgG and subtypes thereof (IgG1 and IgG2a) in the rClfA-A-immunized group were more than 1,000-fold higher than those in the killed-bacteria-immunized group ( P < 0.01). Of the three adjuvants used, mineral oil adjuvant induced the highest antibody levels for both antigens ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the anti-rClfA-A antibody capacities for bacterial adhesion and opsonizing phagocytosis were significantly greater in the rClfA-A-immunized group than in the killed-bacteria-immunized group ( P < 0.05). Lactating mice immunized with either rClfA-A or inactivated vaccine were challenged with S. aureus via the intramammary route. The numbers of bacteria recovered from the murine mammary glands 24 h after inoculation were significantly lower in the rClfA-A group than in the killed-bacteria-immunized group ( P < 0.001). Histologic examination of the mammary glands showed that rClfA-A immunization effectively preserved tissue integrity. Thus, rClfA-A emulsified in an oil adjuvant provides strong immune protection against S. aureus -induced mastitis in the mouse.
Unique optical properties of AlGaN alloys and related ultraviolet emitters (2004)

Deep UV photoluminescence spectroscopy has been employed to study the optical properties of AlxGa1−xN alloys (0⩽x⩽1). The emission intensity with polarization of E⊥c and the degree of polarization were found to decrease with increasing x. This is a consequence of the fact that the dominant band edge emission in GaN (AlN) is with polarization of E⊥c(E∥c). Our experimental results suggest that the decreased emission efficiency in AlxGa1−xN alloys and related UV emitters could also be related with their unique polarization property, i.e., the intensity of light emission with polarization of E⊥c decreases with x. It is thus concluded that UV emitters with AlGaN alloys as active layers have very different properties from InGaN and other semiconductor emitters.
Effect of whole body vibration in Parkinson's disease: A controlled study (2009)

In the search of new strategies to improve the quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients, recent work has reported an amelioration of Parkinsonian symptoms using Whole Body Vibration (WBV). A double-blinded, placebo controlled design was used to evaluate the effect of a 12 WBV sessions-programme on a number of motor and clinical tests in 23 Parkinson's disease patients. Patients were assigned to one of two groups, one receiving WBV and the other a placebo group. At the end of the programme as well as during intra-session evaluation, there was no difference between the experimental (vibration) and placebo groups in any outcomes. These results suggest that reported benefits of vibration are due to a placebo response.
Self-Healing Mussel-Inspired Multi-pH-Responsive Hydrogels (2013)

Self-healing hydrogels can be made using either reversible covalent cross-links or coordination chemistry bonds. Here we present a multi-pH-responsive system inspired by the chemistry of blue mussel adhesive proteins. By attaching DOPA to an amine-functionalized polymer, a multiresponsive system is formed upon reaction with iron. The degree of polymer cross-linking is pH controlled through the pH-dependent DOPA/iron coordination chemistry. This leads to the formation of rapidly self-healing high-strength hydrogels when pH is raised from acidic toward basic values. Close to the pK(a) value, or more precisely the pI value, of the polymer, the gel collapses due to reduced repulsion between polymer chains. Thereby a bistable gel-system is obtained. The present polymer system more closely resembles mussel adhesive proteins than those previously reported and thus also serves as a model system for mussel adhesive chemistry.
Superfamily of steroid nuclear receptors: positive and negative regulators of gene expression (1991)

The nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is characterized by an impressive functional diversity of its members despite a remarkable overall structural unity. A variety of ligands bind specifically to them and these receptors control gene networks that have profound effects on growth, development, and homeostasis. The ligand-receptor complexes recognize transcriptional enhancer DNA sequences, the hormone response elements, resulting in induction or repression of gene activity. The similarity between all these hormone response enhancer elements, as well as between the receptors themselves, indicates a conserved general strategy for the hormonal control of transcription by steroids. The activated receptors bind to responsive promoters and most likely mediate the assembly of stage- and tissue-specific transcription factor complexes that stimulate or inhibit gene expression.
Interface modification and bonding of lithium tantalate crystals (2008)

Intermolecular interactions defined by surface free energy of solids are a critical factor affecting adhesion and bonding of the materials. An experimental technique for surface free energy and related properties (wettability and adhesion) modification has been developed and applied to lithium tantalate ferroelectric crystals. The method is based on combination of ultraviolet illumination and low-energy electron irradiation. These two techniques provide controllable wettability tailoring in a wide range of contact angles of 6°–87°. Fabrication of various wetting configurations of contacted and bonded lithium tantalate (LT) pair plates, such as hydrophilic/hydrophilic, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, and hydrophobic/hydrophobic, allows us to demonstrate direct bonding for modified hydrophilic polar LT faces.
A mild and efficient protocol for the conversion of carboxylic acids to olefins by a catalytic decarbonylative elimination reaction (2004)

A new method for the conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to olefins under unprecedented mild conditions is disclosed, wherein the carboxylic acids are converted in situ with pivalic anhydride to the mixed anhydrides, which regioselectively add to a PdCl(2)-DPE-Phos catalyst. At a temperature of only 110 degrees C, smooth decarbonylation and beta-hydride elimination occur, and the corresponding olefins along with CO, CO(2) and pivalic acid are liberated.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETISCHE STUDIEN AN 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐DERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Aus der Anthranilsäure (I) wird die N‐Methyl‐N‐phthalimidoacetyl.‐anthranilsäure (III) hergestellt, die nach Umsetzung zum Säurechlorid (IV) mit Benzol in einer Friedel‐Crafts‐Reaktion das Benzophenon‐Derivat (V) ergibt, welches durch Umsetzung mit Hydrazin das Diazepam (VI) liefert.
Reduction of Dielectric Hysteresis in Multilayered Films via Nanoconfinement (2012)

Micro/nanolayer coextrusion was used to fabricate polycarbonate (PC)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) layered films with significantly reduced dielectric losses while maintaining high energy density. The high-field polarization hysteresis was characterized for layered films as a function of PVDF layer thickness (6000 to 10 nm) and composition (10 to 70 vol % PVDF), and was found to decrease with decreasing layer thickness and PVDF content. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the layer thickness (or nanoconfinement) effect, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy were employed. The results revealed that charge migration, instead of dipole flipping, was responsible for the hysteresis in multilayered films. The absence of PVDF dipole-flipping was attributed to the nonuniform electric field distribution in the layered structure, where the field in PVDF layers were calculated to be significantly lower than that in PC layers due to large contrast in dielectric constant (∼3 for PC versus ∼12 for PVDF). The charges were likely to be impurity ions in the form of catalyst residue or surfactants from suspension polymerization. The characteristics of the dielectric spectroscopy relaxation indicated that ions mostly existed in the PVDF layers, and PC/PVDF interfaces prevented them from entering adjacent layers. Therefore, as the layer thickness decreases to nanometer scales, the amount of ion movement, dielectric loss, and hysteresis were decreased. This study provides clear evidence of the nanoconfinement effect in multilayered films, which advantageously decreases the hysteresis loss.
Microfluidic devices for μ -TAS applications fabricated by polymer hot embossing (1998)

Polymer microfabrication methods are becoming increasingly important as low-cost alternatives to the silicon or glass- based MEMS technologies. We present in this paper hot embossing as a replication method for planar microstructures based on polymer substrates. Several chips containing microchannels for capillary electrophoresis applications with a range of channel widths between 0.8 micrometers and 100 micrometers have been produced by this method, yielding a very good structural replication and short production times.
Scalable redundant IPC network (2004)

The scalable redundant inter-processor communication network (SRIPCN) architecture for an edge router system is herein proposed. Nowadays, the use of a network processor (NP) is generalized in the high-speed network devices to keep pace with the demands of the exponentially growing Internet traffic. To provide a reliable system operation that uses an NP, a distributed system has been developed by separating the control plane and the data-forwarding plane. The future distributed system should be more easily extended. In this paper, the control plane architecture, called SRIPCN, is proposed and evaluated. The results showed that when compared with a conventional IPC method, SRIPCN not only provided an effective approach to the high availability of the control plane, but could also improve its performance.
Endogenous natriuretic factors 6: the stereochemistry of a natriuretic gamma-tocopherol metabolite LLU-alpha. (1997)

2,7,8-Trimethyl-(S)-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy chroman (S-LLU-alpha) isolated from human uremic urine is apparently an oxidative side-chain degradation product of gamma-tocopherol. This compound exhibits natriuretic activity in vivo and it appears to mediate the inhibition of the 70 pS K+ channel in the apical membrane of the thick ascending limb of the nephron. The stereochemistry at the C-2 of LLU-alpha has been unequivocally established to be S(+) by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a diastereomeric amide derivative. It was also established that the chroman ring oxidation of S-LLU-alpha proceeded without racemization at C-2. This finding can be extended to nonepimerization at C-2 of alpha-delta tocopherols (Vitamin E) during side-chain oxidation and stereospecificity (retention or inversion) of oxidative opening of the chroman ring. The resolution of the enantiomers of the parent compound and derivatives was accomplished by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The stereospecific enzymatic hydrolysis by an array of commercially available enzymes of the racemic methyl ester of LLU-alpha was investigated. The lipase from Humicola languinosa appears to be the best enzyme for resolution by selective hydrolysis of the racemic methyl ester.
Electromagnetic Biostimulation of Living Cultures for Biotechnology, Biofuel and Bioenergy Applications (2009)

The surge of interest in bioenergy has been marked with increasing efforts in research and development to identify new sources of biomass and to incorporate cutting-edge biotechnology to improve efficiency and increase yields. It is evident that various microorganisms will play an integral role in the development of this newly emerging industry, such as yeast for ethanol and Escherichia coli for fine chemical fermentation. However, it appears that microalgae have become the most promising prospect for biomass production due to their ability to grow fast, produce large quantities of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, thrive in poor quality waters, sequester and recycle carbon dioxide from industrial flue gases and remove pollutants from industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters. In an attempt to better understand and manipulate microorganisms for optimum production capacity, many researchers have investigated alternative methods for stimulating their growth and metabolic behavior. One such novel approach is the use of electromagnetic fields for the stimulation of growth and metabolic cascades and controlling biochemical pathways. An effort has been made in this review to consolidate the information on the current status of biostimulation research to enhance microbial growth and metabolism using electromagnetic fields. It summarizes information on the biostimulatory effects on growth and other biological processes to obtain insight regarding factors and dosages that lead to the stimulation and also what kind of processes have been reportedly affected. Diverse mechanistic theories and explanations for biological effects of electromagnetic fields on intra and extracellular environment have been discussed. The foundations of biophysical interactions such as bioelectromagnetic and biophotonic communication and organization within living systems are expounded with special consideration for spatiotemporal aspects of electromagnetic topology, leading to the potential of multipolar electromagnetic systems. The future direction for the use of biostimulation using bioelectromagnetic, biophotonic and electrochemical methods have been proposed for biotechnology industries in general with emphasis on an holistic biofuel system encompassing production of algal biomass, its processing and conversion to biofuel.
Photodynamic photorejuvenation of the face with a combination of microneedling, red light, and broadband pulsed light (2010)

Use of a microneedle roller to "pre-treat" prior to application of ALA appears to be well tolerated and allows for even absorption and perhaps deeper penetration of ALA following a defined incubation period. Use of red light and broadband pulsed light allowed for deeper activation of ALA, potentially accounting for marked clinical improvement in photoaging.
[Environmental hygiene and comprehensive processing of copper sulphate ore]. (2004)

The modern comprehensive processing of copper-sulphate ores is based on using the fire, chemical and combined fire-and-hydrometallurgy processes. The existing schemes of comprehensive ore processing do not provide for a total utilization of the metallurgical cycles wastes due to the inherent technological and design shortcomings; besides, they are a source of environmental pollution. Contamination of the atmospheric air with discharge elements has unfavorable effects on the health condition of population; it worsens the natural body resistance and contributes (through the induction of chromosome aberrations) to a higher general morbidity and mortality due to malignant neoplasms. Health-improve measures are supported by modern achievements in the sphere of copper-sulphate ore processing technologies--they ensure the hygienic and ecological rational management and usage at all stages of the processing of raw materials and secondary products. Institutions of the territorial medical-and-ecological monitoring are the corner stones for ecological safety of persons residing in areas of comprehensive copper-and-sulphate ore processing.
Search for Neutral Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Higgs Bosons Decaying to Tau Pairs Produced in Association with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math>Quarks in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math>Collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.96</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> (2011)

We report results from a search for neutral Higgs bosons produced in association with b quarks using data recorded by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.3 fb(-1). This production mode can be enhanced in several extensions of the standard model (SM) such as in its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) at high tanβ. We search for Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs with one tau decaying to a muon and neutrinos and the other to hadrons. The data are found to be consistent with SM expectations, and we set upper limits on the cross section times branching ratio in the Higgs boson mass range from 90 to 320 GeV/c(2). We interpret our result in the MSSM parameter space, excluding tanβ values down to 25 for Higgs boson masses below 170 GeV/c(2).
<i>IL-17/IFN-γ</i> Interactions Regulate Intestinal Inflammation in TNBS-Induced Acute Colitis (2012)

Colonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced acute colitis in mice and elicited a Th1 immune response. Th17 cells are believed to play a major role in TNBS-induced colitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ in the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced acute colitis. We assessed the inflammation scores of TNBS-induced acute colitis in wild-type (WT), IL-17 knockout (KO), and IFN-γ KO mice and measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines using real-time PCR and ELISAs. Histology data showed that IL-17 KO mice with TNBS-induced colitis had significantly lower neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory macroscopic scores compared to the IFN-γ KO mice and WT mice. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody confirmed a specific role for IL-17 in TNBS-induced acute colitis in the 3 strains of mice. The severity of colitis was higher in IFN-γ KO mice and lower in IL-17 KO mice compared to WT mice. Our data suggested that IL-17 signaling plays a critical role in the local inflammation of TNBS-induced colitis, while IFN-γ was not an important mediator of the local inflammation response. IL-17 may represent a target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Combination of a Poxvirus-Based Vaccine with a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib) Elicits Antitumor Immunity and Long-Term Survival in CEA.Tg/MIN Mice (2004)

The present study was designed to determine whether: (a) chronic administration of dietary celecoxib (Celebrex), a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which targets the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, negatively impacts host immunity; and (b) celecoxib can be coupled with a poxvirus-based vaccine to impact tumor burden in a murine tumor model of spontaneous adenomatous polyposis coli. Naive mice fed the celecoxib-supplemented diets developed eosinophilia with lowered plasma prostaglandin E(2) levels and reduced COX-2 mRNA expression levels in their splenic T cells. Responses of splenic T, B, and natural killer cells to broad-based and antigen-specific stimuli were, for the most part, unchanged in those mice as well as COX-2 knockout mice; exceptions included: (a) reduced IFN-gamma production by concanavalin A- or antigen-stimulated T cells; and (b) heightened lipopolysaccharide response of naive B cells from mice fed a diet supplemented with 1000 ppm of celecoxib. When transgenic mice that express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene (CEA transgenic) were bred with mice bearing a mutation in the Apc(Delta850) gene (multiple intestinal neoplasia mice), the progeny (CEA transgenic/multiple intestinal neoplasia) spontaneously develop multiple intestinal neoplasms that overexpress CEA and COX-2. Beginning at 30 days of age, the administration of a diversified prime/boost recombinant CEA-poxvirus-based vaccine regimen or celecoxib (1000 ppm)-supplemented diet reduced the number of intestinal neoplasms by 54% and 65%, respectively. Combining the CEA-based vaccine with the celecoxib-supplemented diet reduced tumor burden by 95% and significantly improved overall long-term survival. Both tumor reduction and improved overall survival were achieved without any evidence of autoimmunity directed at CEA-expressing or other normal tissues. Celecoxib is prescribed for the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis in humans, and the CEA-based vaccines have been well tolerated and capable of eliciting anti-CEA host immune responses in early clinical studies. The results suggest that the administration of a recombinant poxvirus-based vaccine is compatible with celecoxib, and this combined chemoimmuno-based approach might lead to an additive therapeutic antitumor benefit not only in patients diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis but, perhaps, in other preventive settings in which COX-2 overexpression is associated with progression from premalignancy to neoplasia.
The Influence of Conducting Walls on Resonant Frequencies of the Dielectric Microwave Resonator (Correspondence) (1971)

Equations are given from which the resonant frequencies of dielectric resonators can be calculated taking into account the influence of the conducting walls of the microwave structures in which these resonators are inserted. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows the validity of the theoretical model.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORO‐CONTAINING COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM(III) PART 5, PREPARATION OF SOME MIXED DIAMINE COMPLEXES (1973)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von CrF 3 mit 1,2‐Diaminopropan wurde das komplexe Chromat (I) erhalten und durch Zugabe von NaClO 4 in das Na‐Salz (II) überge‐ ?jhrt, das mit HJ zu dem Derivat (III) als Jodid reagiert.
Stability and robustness for hybrid systems (2002)

Stability and robustness issues for hybrid systems are considered in this paper. Present stability results, that are extensions of classical Lyapunov theory, are not straightforward to apply in general due to two reasons. First, existing theory do not unveil how to find needed Lyapunov functions. Secondly, at some time instants it is necessary to know the values of the continuous trajectory. Because of these drawbacks, stronger conditions for stability are suggested. The search for Lyapunov functions can then be formulated as a linear matrix inequality problem. Additionally, it is shown how to obtain robustness properties. An example illustrates the results.
The effect of digester kappa number on the bleachability and yield of EMCC™ softwood pulp (2006)

The bleachability of softwood extended modified continuous cooking (EMCC™) kraft pulp was modeled based on laboratory bleaching. From these models the brightness, yield, and final viscosity of the bleached pulp were predicted based on the digester kappa number and the ClO 2 charges in the D stages. For final brightness targets below 88% ISO, a kappa number of 35 was found to be the most cost-effective target for brownstock. At higher brightness targets, the optimum kappa number is lower. For a brightness target of 90% ISO, for example, kappa no. 21 represents the most cost-effective degree of delignification. The effects of recovery-cycle solids loading and fiberline throughput were also explored. To achieve a higher fiberline production, a mill that is limited by its recovery boiler would be justified in running a digester as high as kappa no. 35 even at a high final brightness target. Application: Cutting the costs of bleaching chemicals at the expense of pulp yield may lead to higher overall costs than setting the best kappa number target for the right reasons.