gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholine Is an Inducer of Itching in Patients with Atopic Eczema (1997)

As previous experimental studies disproved histamine as the main mediator of eliciting pruritus in atopic eczema (AE), we examined the neurocutaneous sensations in 15 patients with AE and in 15 age- and sex-matched non-atopic controls after i.c. injection of acetylcholine (Ach, 0.5 M, 20 microliters) or buffered saline. The sensory perceptions were rated by the participants of the study with regard to their quality and intensity using a visual analogue scale. Simultaneously, the vascular reactions to Ach were recorded by the examinators via laser Doppler fluxmetry as well as flare and wheal planimetry. In contrast to the approximately equal flare and wheal extensions in either group, the cutaneous sensations differed significantly. The patients complained of 'pure' itching that developed shortly after Ach injection, whereas the control subjects reported only burning pain. Moreover, the patients perceived their sensations significantly earlier and significantly longer than did the controls. The study provides evidence that Ach plays an important role in the pathogeny of pruritus in patients with AE. Further investigations of the neuronal mechanisms involved in this atopy-related effect of Ach have to be performed.
Frequency of association of mammary tumor glycoprotein antigen and other markers with human breast tumors. (1979)

Human mammary tumor glycoprotein (MTGP) antigen has recently been defined and purified from human breast tumors. In the present study, the incidence and concentrations of MTGP in breast tumors were analyzed. By quantitative immunoelectrophoresis with a sensitivity of 100 units/ml (approximately 200 ng/ml), MTGP was demonstrated in the ultracentrifugally soluble fraction in all seven metastatic breast tumors tested at concentrations of 480 to 3125 units/mg glycoprotein. When the ultracentrifugally sedimentable fractions of three breast tumors were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate, MTGP was demonstrated at 140 to 323 units/mg total protein. In the breast carcinoma cell line HS-578T, soluble MTGP was quantified and estimated to be present at an average of 80,000 molecules/cell. Soluble MTGP was not demonstrable in 76 normal tissue samples or tumors of other than breast origin (<20 units/mg protein) but was present in a normal distribution at concentrations from 50 to 695 units/mg soluble protein in 66 of 83 (79.5%) histologically confirmed biopsies of ductal carcinomas of the breast and was present in 76.2% of 101 breast carcinomas of all types studied to date. The concentration of MTGP did not significantly correlate with the presence or concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, or estrogen receptor. The presence and concentration of MTGP were independent of ( a ) the histological pattern and differentiation of ductal carcinomas of the breast, ( b ) the degree of anaplasia or nuclear atypia, and ( c ) the histological features of the host response. Furthermore, three of five lobular carcinomas of the breast contained MTGP, indicating that it is not restricted to cells of ductal differentiation. Our studies support the hypothesis that MTGP is an independent marker specific for the neoplastic cells of the mammary gland and can be quantitated with currently available techniques. Further studies are indicated to establish the relationship of MTGP to the basic neoplastic process and to determine whether MTGP may function as a tumor-specific antigen for the host immune response.
Effects of motion and b‐matrix correction for high resolution DTI with short‐axis PROPELLER‐EPI (2010)

Short-axis PROPELLER-EPI (SAP-EPI) has been proven to be very effective in providing high-resolution diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor data. The self-navigation capabilities of SAP-EPI allow one to correct for motion, phase errors, and geometric distortion. However, in the presence of patient motion, the change in the effective diffusion- encoding direction (i.e. the b-matrix) between successive PROPELLER 'blades' can decrease the accuracy of the estimated diffusion tensors, which might result in erroneous reconstruction of white matter tracts in the brain. In this study, we investigate the effects of alterations in the b-matrix as a result of patient motion on the example of SAP-EPI DTI and eliminate these effects by incorporating our novel single-step non-linear diffusion tensor estimation scheme into the SAP-EPI post-processing procedure. Our simulations and in-vivo studies showed that, in the presence of patient motion, correcting the b-matrix is necessary in order to get more accurate diffusion tensor and white matter pathway reconstructions.
Sex disparities in diagnosis of bladder cancer after initial presentation with hematuria: A nationwide claims‐based investigation (2013)

Both men and women experience significant delays between presentation with hematuria and diagnosis of bladder cancer, with longer delays for women. This may be partly responsible for the sex-based discrepancy in outcomes associated with bladder cancer.
Study on the Growth Inhibition of Human Multiple Myeloma Cells by an IL‐6Rα Mutant (2000)

DM650, a soluble human IL-6Ralpha mutant with mutation of C277D/H280I, was previously shown to exhibit an antagonism to IL-6, which resulted in growth-inhibition of human multiple myeloma cell line AF-10 autocrining as the growth-stimulating factor. We investigated here the nature of the growth inhibition by examining cell apoptosis. Flow-cytometric analysis of the DNA fragmentation demonstrated that 7.2% of the AF-10 cells were apoptotic after 24 h of treatment with DM650. The constitutive gene expression of bcl-2 in AF-10 cells indicated that apoptosis suppressed by IL-6 was independent of bcl-2 regulation. The altered gene expression of c-myc and p53 suggested that a novel apoptosis pathway, other than that suppressed by IL-6, might be triggered by a complex of DM650 and IL-6.
Understanding Airline Passenger Behavior through PNR, SOW and Webtrends Data Analysis (2015)

This study investigates airline passenger behavior by analyzing three types of travel data: passenger name record (PNR), share of wallet (SOW) and webtrends. First, PNR archives the airline travel itinerary for individual passenger and a group of passengers traveling together. Usually, passengers and their accompaniers are close to each other, such as families, friends, lovers, colleagues and so on. Therefore, the social network between passengers and their accompaniers can be constructed through exploring the PNR history data. The PNR data analysis will help the airline company to identify who are influential passengers in their social circles. Second, SOW is a marketing term representing traveler's value and contribution to a company, which refers to the amount of the customer's total spending that a business captures in the products and services that it offers. This study measures SOW as a ratio of tickets purchase amount from an airline company to passenger's total travel times. With SOW data analysis, this study identifies who are potential high-value travelers, and suggest corresponding marketing segmentation and promotion strategies based on different SOW level. This study also analyzes webtrends data to explore passenger behavior of websites and mobile usage. Passenger's webtrends information includes mobile number, membership number, identity number, and other web browsing records. Connecting these webtrends data with other information sources, this study provides an overview and insights on individual passenger's website and mobile usage. Furthermore, this study configures the accessing event flow on WebTrends, and incorporates it into the sequence analysis of passenger events. All data sources are provided by a Chinese Airline company. This study demonstrates how to develop comprehensive understanding on passenger travel behavior and social network using PNR, SOW and Webtrends data. The findings shed new light on airline precision marketing and customer relationship management.
A Practical Synthesis of 3‐Methoxyflavones (1997)

Abstract Some 3‐methoxyflavones were known to possess antipicornavirus properties. In order to study the structure‐activity relationship, attempts to prepare 3‐methoxyflavone by literature methods were unsuccessful. We have modified the Baker‐Venkataraman rearrangement, using a solid base and a phase‐transfer catalyst. After searching optimal reaction conditions and a study of the intermediate formed in a model reaction, good yields were obtained for the 3‐methoxyflavones 7, 21–32 . Further some of the corresponding 7‐O‐ n ‐butyl derivatives 4, 33–37 could be isolated as side products.
Improved Techniques for Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation (2019)

Adversarial discriminative domain adaptation (ADDA) is an efficient framework for unsupervised domain adaptation in image classification, where the source and target domains are assumed to have the same classes, but no labels are available for the target domain. While ADDA has already achieved better training efficiency and competitive accuracy on image classification in comparison to other adversarial based methods, we investigate whether we can improve its performance with a new framework and new loss formulations. Following the framework of semi-supervised GANs, we first extend the discriminator output over the source classes, in order to model the joint distribution over domain and task. We thus leverage on the distribution over the source encoder posteriors (which is fixed during adversarial training) and propose maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and reconstruction-based loss functions for aligning the target encoder distribution to the source domain. We compare and provide a comprehensive analysis of how our framework and loss formulations extend over simple multi-class extensions of ADDA and other discriminative variants of semi-supervised GANs. In addition, we introduce various forms of regularization for stabilizing training, including treating the discriminator as a denoising autoencoder and regularizing the target encoder with source examples to reduce overfitting under a contraction mapping (i.e., when the target per-class distributions are contracting during alignment with the source). Finally, we validate our framework on standard datasets like MNIST, USPS, SVHN, MNIST-M and Office-31. We additionally examine how the proposed framework benefits recognition problems based on sensing modalities that lack training data. This is realized by introducing and evaluating on a neuromorphic vision sensing (NVS) sign language recognition dataset, where the source domain constitutes emulated neuromorphic spike events converted from conventional pixel-based video and the target domain is experimental (real) spike events from an NVS camera. Our results on all datasets show that our proposal is both simple and efficient, as it competes or outperforms the state-of-the-art in unsupervised domain adaptation, such as DIFA and MCDDA, whilst offering lower complexity than other recent adversarial methods.
Low density parity check codes in a frequency hopped communication system with partial-band interference (2003)

In this paper the applicability of low density parity check (LDPC) codes to a frequency hopped communications system with partial-band jamming is investigated. We show an irregular LDPC code which exhibits good waterfall and error floor performance with a block length of 1560 bits using binary phase-shift keying. The performance of this code is investigated in a partial band jammed environment with various channel interleaver lengths. We show that with a channel interleaver consisting of 120 hops and available side information, a partial band jammer only causes a loss of 0.3 dB over the full band case at a bit error rate of 10/sup -5/.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes From Humans With Adenocarcinomas Stimulated by Native MUC1 Mucin and a Mucin Peptide Mutated at a Glycosylation Site (2000)

MUC1 mucin peptides stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from humans with adenocarcinomas. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, tumor-draining lymph node cells, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were stimulated using mono-nuclear cells from humans with adenocarcinomas of breast or ovary, respectively, using (a) a native MUC1 mucin tandem repeat peptide of 20 amino acids (MUC1-mtr1) plus recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2), (b) the mutated (T3N) MUC1-mtr1 plus IL-2, or (c) immobilized anti-CD3 plus IL-2, or (d) IL-2 alone. The CTL stimulated by each of these four conditions were predominately CD4+. However, the CTL stimulated by either the native MUC1-mtr1 or (T3N) MUC1-mtr1 showed 5-10 times greater cytotoxicity of a breast cancer cell line that expresses MUC1 compared to CTL stimulated by either anti-CD3 + IL-2 or IL-2 alone. Each incubation condition generated CTL with different variable beta gene families of T-cell receptors, implying an oligoclonal expansion of a limited CTL repertoire for each. Thus, peptide-stimulated T cells showed expression of cytotoxic cells, which was not induced by nonspecific (anti-CD3 or IL-2) stimulation.
Plano-Convex Shaped Langasite Microbalances for High Temperature Applications (2007)

Piezoelectrically actuated plano-convex thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators in lanthanum gallium silicate (langasite) were fabricated. As main fabrication steps a wet etching process and a dry etching process were developed and furthermore graytone-lithography in combination with photoresist melting has been applied. The plano-convex shape is necessary to improve the Q-factor of the devices. The resulting Q-factor was up to two times higher than for simple planar resonators reaching values of more than 60,000. The special characteristics of langasite allow working temperatures of more than 700degC and a sensitive CeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> coating can be used for gas measurements at high temperatures.
Is the environment getting cleaner in Central and Eastern Europe ? selected evidence for air pollution and drinking water contamination (1995)

The paper questions whether the Environment Action Programme (EAP) for the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region impacted for a cleaner environment in the region, arguing on the evidence of air pollution, and drinking water contamination. Estimates of recent environmental trends in ECA suggest that it is necessary to focus policy initiatives, and investments even more clearly, tackling a small number of key environmental challenges in the region, namely: reducing exposure to particulates in large cities, and other urban areas with very poor air quality; phasing out the use of lead in gasoline; providing access to clean water, and basic sanitation for the rural poor in Central Asia; and, sustaining good operational, and maintenance practices in the treatment of urban drinking water supplies. Threats to human health from environmental problems in the region highlight lead and heavy metal dust from non-ferrous smelters and leaded gasoline; particulate matter (often in combination with sulfur dioxide) from burning low quality coal; nitrates in rural drinking water, especially from shallow groundwater sources; and, contamination of groundwater, and drinking water sources, with heavy metals and toxic chemicals. Trends in exposure to lead, and its impact on children in particular, is the subject of a companion paper, thus, this paper focuses primarily on the problems mentioned above.
Concepts (1970)

In the preceding chapter a simple, but serviceable idea about systems made its appearance: that a system may be thought of as a process by which inputs are converted into outputs. We may represent this idea diagrammatically as in Figure 4.1. The inputs may be of many types—raw materials, energy, information etc. The system is a process converting them into goods, services, theories etc. For example, Boyle's Torricelli tube was a physical system by which pressures could be transformed into volumes. The EMMA system transforms socio-economic data and certain statements of policy into airline passenger traffic forecasts. Italy is a system which transforms certain imports of materials, goods, money and ideas into certain exports of different materials, goods, money and ideas. The scientific method may be applied to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of such an input/output conversion process as we have seen. In this chapter we shall examine the general concepts in terms of which such understanding may be expressed.
Kriging: a method of interpolation for geographical information systems (1990)

Geographical information systems could be improved by adding procedures for geostatistical spatial analysis to existing facilities. Most traditional methods of interpolation are based on mathematical as distinct from stochastic models of spatial variation. Spatially distributed data behave more like random variables, however, and regionalized variable theory provides a set of stochastic methods for analysing them. Kriging is the method of interpolation deriving from regionalized variable theory. It depends on expressing spatial variation of the property in terms of the variogram, and it minimizes the prediction errors which are themselves estimated. We describe the procedures and the way we link them using standard operating systems. We illustrate them using examples from case studies, one involving the mapping and control of soil salinity in the Jordan Valley of Israel, the other in semi-arid Botswana where the herbaceous cover was estimated and mapped from aerial photographic survey.
Measurement of tumor cell cohesion and suppression of invasion by E- or P-cadherin. (1997)

Invasiveness of carcinomas was connected early to decreased cohesiveness and has more recently been associated with loss or decreased activity of E-cadherin. In the first thermodynamic measurements of cohesive intensities among malignant cells, we here find the cohesive intensities of Lewis lung carcinoma cells to fall within the range measured previously for cells from a series of noninvasive embryonic tissues. Thus, too-low cohesiveness is itself an insufficient explanation for invasiveness. Nevertheless, transfection-mediated cadherin expression sufficient to increase cohesiveness by as little as 26% suffices to greatly reduce invasion of aggregates of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into Matrigel. This property is not restricted to E-cadherin but is shared by P-cadherin. The same cadherin-transfected cells do not display this invasion suppression when plated sparsely, indicating that invasion-suppression activity of cadherins requires cell-cell contact. These facts are consistent with the invasion-suppression activity of cadherins resulting either from the physical restraint of increased cohesion per se or from another cadherin activity mediated through cell-cell contact.
A Convenient Preparation of Volatile Acid Chlorides (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient Preparation of Volatile Acid ChloridesHerbert C. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1325–1328Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2218Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemomechanics of Surface Stresses Induced by DNA Hybridization (2005)

When biomolecular reactions occur on one surface of a microcantilever beam, changes in intermolecular forces create surface stresses that bend the cantilever. While this phenomenon has been exploited to create label-free biosensors and biomolecular actuators, the mechanisms through which chemical free energy is transduced to mechanical work in such hybrid systems are not fully understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we use DNA hybridization as a model reaction system. We first show that the surface grafting density of single-stranded probe DNA (sspDNA) on a surface is strongly correlated to its radius of gyration in solution, which in turn depends on its persistence length and the DNA chain length. Since the persistence length depends on ionic strength, the grafting density of sspDNA can be controlled by changing a solution's ionic strength. The surface stresses produced by the reaction of complementary single-stranded target DNA (sstDNA) to sspDNA depend on the length of DNA, the grafting density, and the hybridization efficiency. We, however, observe a remarkable trend: regardless of the length and grafting density of sspDNA, the surface stress follows an exponential scaling relation with the density of hybridized sspDNA.
Dreamlet prestack depth migration using Local Cosine Basis and Local Exponential Frames (2009)

Dreamlet migration using Local Cosine Basis (LCB) for spatial decomposition and Local Exponential Frames (LEF) for temporal decomposition is further developed and tested. Based on the beamlet local perturbation theory, dreamlet method is formulated with a local background velocity and local perturbations for each space window of the wavefield decomposition. The background dreamlet propagator based on LCB and LEF are obtained analytically. The numerical test using the 2D SEG/EAGE A‐A’ and SmaartJV Sigsbee2A model demonstrate the accuracy and imaging quality of this method. The application in target oriented migration is discussed and tested through numerical examples.
Optimum Static Analysis of Retaining Wall with & without shelf /Shelve at different level using finite Element analysis (2015)

Retaining wall with pressure relief shelves is one of the special types of retaining wall. High reinforced concrete retaining walls may be used economically by providing relief shelves on the back fill side of wall. Such walls may be termed as the retaining wall with relief shelf. lateral earth pressure on wall and increasing overall stability of the structure. This results in an economical design because less material goes into the wall as compared to massive structure of cantilever or even counterfort retaining walls without the shelves. A design example is given here to understand the procedure used in the analysis of retaining wall in this study. Analysis and design has been carried out by considering the stated properties of cohesion less backfill and also height of backfill to be retained for cantilever retaining wall and cantilever retaining wall with relief shelf at center of height of retaining wall. The tentative dimensions for cantilever retaining wall are adopted based on prevailing thumb-rules. The detail calculations for cantilever retaining wall and