gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic force microscopy study of magnetization reversal in sputtered FeSiAl(N) films (2001)

The magnetization reversal in a series of rf-sputtered FeSiAl(N) films has been studied using magnetic force microscopy. A system has been developed which has the capability to image domain structure while an in-plane magnetic field is applied in situ. All films exhibited a stripe domain structure in zero applied field which was indicative of a perpendicular component of domain magnetization which alternates in sign. All films showed a similar sequence of magnetization processes: on reducing the applied field from saturation a fine stripe domain structure nucleated and then coarsened as the field was decreased to zero. Local switching of domain contrast was observed along the steepest part of the hysteresis loop as the perpendicular component reversed. As the reverse field was increased toward saturation, the stripe domains disintegrated into smaller regions. This observation is consistent with an interpretation that the domain magnetization rotated locally into the sample plane. The saturation field and the film stress exhibited similar trends with nitrogen partial pressure. The results suggest that the perpendicular anisotropy that caused the formation of the stripe domain structure could be induced by the film stress via magnetoelastic coupling.
Probiotic bacteria down‐regulate the milk‐induced inflammatory response in milk‐hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects (1998)

Probiotic bacteria appear to modulate the nonspecific immune response differently in healthy and hypersensitive subjects. This is seen as an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects, and as a down-regulation of immunoinflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects.
Total Synthesis of Azumamides A and E (2006)

A zoom in on azumamides (2): An efficient synthetic route for two of the newly discovered marine natural products, namely azumamides A and E, has been developed (see picture). The present synthesis was followed by determination of the stereochemical structure of the azumamides. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602033_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Extending CRISPR-Cas9 Technology from Genome Editing to Transcriptional Engineering in the Genus Clostridium (2016)

After recognizing the industrial potential of Clostridium for decades, methods for the genetic manipulation of these anaerobic bacteria are still underdeveloped. This study reports the implementation of CRISPR-Cas technology for genome editing and transcriptional regulation in Clostridium acetobutylicum, which is arguably the most common industrial clostridial strain. The developed genetic tools enable simpler, more reliable, and more extensive derivation of C. acetobutylicum mutant strains for industrial purposes. Similar approaches were also demonstrated in Clostridium pasteurianum, another clostridial strain that is capable of utilizing glycerol as the carbon source for butanol fermentation, and therefore can be arguably applied in other clostridial strains.
Exploring some aspects of labour and labourers in Port Elizabeth 1870–1914 (1991)

Abstract Virtually on the brink of the 21st century, it is no easy task for any conference to try to place socio-economic developments in historical perspective, even if this attempt is limited mainly to a focus on Southern Africa. Indeed, this daunting enterprise requires a variety of methodological and conceptual approaches. Thus, we as historians modestly believe that by studying some particular past realities we can contribute something to an understanding of the continuities and changes in society over the past few centuries.
An all‐atom, distance‐dependent scoring function for the prediction of protein–DNA interactions from structure (2006)

We have developed an all-atom statistical potential function for the prediction of protein-DNA interactions from their structures, and show that this method outperforms similar, lower-resolution statistical potentials in a series of decoy discrimination experiments. The all-atom formalism appears to capture details of atomic interactions that are missed by the lower-resolution methods, with the majority of the discriminatory power arising from its description of short-range atomic contacts. We show that, on average, the method is able to identify 90% of near-native docking decoys within the best-scoring 10% of structures in a given decoy set, and it compares favorably with an optimized physical potential function in a test of structure-based identification of DNA binding-sequences. These results demonstrate that all-atom statistical functions specific to protein-DNA interactions can achieve great discriminatory power despite the limited size of the structural database. They also suggest that the statistical scores may soon be able to achieve accuracy on par with more complex, physical potential functions.
Low-cost conversion of polycrystalline silicon into sheet by HEM and FAST (1980)

The conversion of polycrystalline silicon to sheet form (the wafers produced are 10 cm x 10 cm cross section with minimum surface damage) by the Heat Exchanger Method (HEM) and multi-wire Fixed Abrasive Slicing Technique (FAST), as a means of reducing the cost of solar arrays for adaptation of photovoltaic technology for terrestrial applications, is given. A schematic of a HEM furnace, which includes a silica crucible, and developments in the HEM process are presented. A new machine for slicing with wire was designed and fabricated. The high-speed slicer has been used to slice 19 wafers per cm from 10 cm diameter crystals. Both HEM and FAST are low-cost processes and they have the potential of giving one of the lowest add-on costs ($6.24 and $6.48 per square meter of sheet respectively, with the combination add-on cost of $14.87 per square meter) of this conversion.
Artificial Intelligence Terminology: A Reference Guide, by Colin Beardon Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1989, <i>xiii</i> + <i>283 pp. (£14.95)</i> (1990)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Aid survey preparation with management principles. (2000)

According to guest columnist Paula Swain, RN, MSN, CPHQ, the mystique of 'survey readiness' disappears when you apply sound principles of management rather than simply reacting to the Joint Commission's notice of survey.
Nanosphere−Microsphere Assembly:  Methods for Core−Shell Materials Preparation (2001)

Core−shell composite materials consisting of a silica core and a polystyrene (PS) shell were prepared by colloidal assembly of PS nanospheres onto silica microspheres. The assembly process was controlled by specific chemical (amine−aldehyde) or biochemical (avidin−biotin) interactions between the nanospheres and microspheres. Colloidal assembly was performed using polymer nanoparticles (100−200 nm diameter) and silica particles (3−10 μm diameter). Heating the assembled materials to temperatures above the glass transition (Tg) of the polymer nanoparticles allows the polymer to flow over the microsphere surfaces, resulting in uniform core−shell materials. Nanosphere packing density on the microsphere surfaces influenced the uniformity of the resulting polymer shell. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the materials presented in this paper.
Target detection with synthetic aperture radar (1996)

Target detection with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered. We derive generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) detection algorithms that may be used with SAR images that are obtained with coherent subtraction or have Gaussian distributions. We analytically compare the performance of (1) a single pixel detector, (2) a detector using complete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information, (3) a detector using incomplete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information (4) a detector using unknown target signature information and known orientation information, and (5) a detector using unknown target signature information and unknown orientation information.
Intracranial Anatomy Visualized in Vivo by Ultrasound (1968)

Ultrasonic visualization in vivo of anatomic features of the ventricles, cisterns, sulci and major blood vessels of the brain and the internal surface configuration of the cranial vault of the rhesus monkey, using recently developed instrumentation; incorporating omnidirectional scanning, relief presentation and computer control of transducer positioning, data handling and display parameters, is illustrated. Results are presented in cross-sectional views of the tissue. In this study the acoustic energy had access to intracranial structures via an opening in the skull, but traversed the intact scalp, thus achieving separation of the problems associated with the traversal of bone from those concerned with identification of interfaces detectable by examining pulses alone. A resolution capability of 1 mm and an accuracy of localization of ±0.5 mm are achieved. All definitive echoes in the echograms are identified, and quantitative comparison of the anatomic information obtained with brain atlases is presented. The analytic determination of length scaling factors and relative angular orientation values for the subject's ultrasonically-viewed tissue cross sections and those of an atlas are also illustrated.
Sample Preparation of Standardized Extracts ofGinkgo biloba by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (1996)

A method of sample preparation of standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is described. Ginkgolides and bilobalide could be selectively extracted with carbon dioxide containing 10% methanol at 335 atm and 45 °C from a methanolic solution of the extract. An in-line filter of silica gel was found to be essential for obtaining clean samples. Trapping was carried out with a solid silica gel trap at 80 °C. After eluting the trap with methyl acetate, the sample could be analysed by gas liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Recoveries of the five terpenes relative to a standard solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure varied for two different extracts from 98.6 to 102.3%. Relative standard deviations were better for SFE than for SPE. A further advantage of the SFE over the SPE method is that it is much less laborious. A disadvantage is that it requires an automated supercritical extractor. With a small adaptation, the SFE method could also be used for finished ginkgo drugs in an aqueous alcoholic solution.
The effect of 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) on plasma cytokine levels in healthy human subjects (2008)

504 3,3’-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a spontaneously-formed dimer of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), is the major circulating product following oral administration of I3C to humans. I3C is produced by cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. Both I3C and DIM have been shown to have chemopreventive effects in a number of different animal models and to promote apoptosis in human tumor cells, supporting investigations of these compounds as potential chemopreventive supplements. Recent studies reported by Xue et al. have shown that DIM stimulates function in isolated murine immune cells and also induces cytokine production in mice in vivo, but the effect of DIM on immune function in humans has not yet been reported. As such, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of DIM on plasma cytokine levels in humans. The study agent was nutritional-grade, absorption-enhanced 3, 3’-diindolylmethane,a product of BioResponse, LLC (Boulder, CO). Groups of 4 healthy human subjects, randomized to 3 active DIM and 1 placebo, were orally administered single doses of DIM (50, 100, 150, 200, or 300 mg) after which plasma was collected 12 and 24 hr later (in addition to a baseline plasma sample). The 300 mg dose was repeated in a second group of subjects. Profiling of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators was then performed by multiplex suspension bead array. VEGF, IL-10, IL-13, FGFβ, and GM-CSF levels were largely undetectable at all time points and doses tested. DIM administration had little effect upon TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, MCP-1, MIP-1β, IL-17, IL-12 (p70), IL-7, IL-5, IL-4, IFNγ, G-CSF, and eotaxin levels, irrespective of dose and/or time points measured. While increased IL-6 levels (2 - 12 pg/ml) were detected 12 hr after DIM administration in nearly half of the subjects who received moderate to high doses (100 - 300 mg), the increases in IL-6 did not correlate with DIM dose or resulting plasma levels. The elevated IL-6 levels detected in the aforementioned individuals also correlated with increased IL-8 plasma levels. Collectively, these data suggest that most cytokines/chemokines are not affected by acute DIM treatment, as measured at 12 and 24 hr after administration, but further studies are needed to fully characterize the overall effects of DIM on cytokine production in humans. Supported by NCI Contract N01-CN-35008.
An oligonucleotide-tagged microarray for routine diagnostics of colon cancer by genotyping KRAS mutations (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. CRC is curable if diagnosed at an early stage. Mutations in the oncogene KRAS play a critical role in early development of CRC. Detection of activated KRAS is of diagnostic and therapeutic importance. In this study, KRAS gene fragments containing mutations in codon 12 were amplified by multiplex PCR using a 5'-Cy5-labeled reverse primer in combination with 3'-mutation-specific forward primers that were linked with four unique nucleotide-sequence tags at the 5'-end. The Cy5-labeled reverse primer was extended under PCR amplification to the 5'-end of the mutation-specific forward primers and thus included the complimentary sequence of the tag. PCR products were hybridized to tag-probes immobilized on various substrates and detected by a scanner. Our results indicate that all mutations at codon 12 of KRAS derived from cancer cells and clinical samples could be unambiguously detected. KRAS mutations were accurately detected when the mutant DNA was present only in 10% of the starting mixed materials including wild-type genomic DNA, which was isolated from either cancer cells or spiked fecal samples. The immobilized tag-probes were stable under multiple thermal cycling treatments, allowing re-use of the tag-microarray and further optimization to solid PCR. Our results demonstrated that a novel oligonucleotide-tagged microarray system has been developed which would be suitable to be used for detection of KRAS mutations and clinical diagnosis of CRC.
Reconstructed dynamics and chaotic signal modeling (2002)

A nonlinear AR model is derived from the reconstructed dynamics of a signal. The underlying system is assumed to be nonlinear, autonomous, and deterministic. In this formulation, the output error scheme is shown to be more suitable than the equation error scheme in training a network as a nonlinear AR model of the signal. A method to incorporate the information of the dynamical invariants in signal modeling is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metrics for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection (2016)

This paper presents and discusses various metrics proposed for evaluation of polyphonic sound event detection systems used in realistic situations where there are typically multiple sound sources active simultaneously. The system output in this case contains overlapping events, marked as multiple sounds detected as being active at the same time. The polyphonic system output requires a suitable procedure for evaluation against a reference. Metrics from neighboring fields such as speech recognition and speaker diarization can be used, but they need to be partially redefined to deal with the overlapping events. We present a review of the most common metrics in the field and the way they are adapted and interpreted in the polyphonic case. We discuss segment-based and event-based definitions of each metric and explain the consequences of instance-based and class-based averaging using a case study. In parallel, we provide a toolbox containing implementations of presented metrics.
Context authentication using constrained channels (2003)

This paper presents practical protocols for authenticating the parameters that characterise a principal's context. Context features in what are known as mobile, ubiquitous, pervasive and nomadic computing systems. Location, in particular, is a highly significant contextual parameter. We present a model of context authentication based on the characteristics of communication channels. Then we present protocols for location authentication that are based on physical channel characteristics, including a protocol that we have implemented over HTTP for use from any Web browser. We conclude with a summary and discussion of the work.
Very-low-voltage operation of Mach-Zehnder interferometer-type electroabsorption modulator using asymmetric couplers (2014)

We have proposed and developed a new type of electroabsorption modulator (EAM) that employs both optical absorption and interferometric extinction. The EAM operates at a record low voltage of 0.2 V at 25.8-Gbit/s modulation, which can reduce optical transmitter power consumption and allows the adoption of cost-effective CMOS drivers.
Osmium−Alkenylcarbyne and −Alkenylcarbene Complexes with an Steroid Skeleton: Formation of a Testosterone Organometallic Derivative Containing the 7H-Amino Adenine Tautomer (2009)

Complex OsH2Cl2(PiPr3)2 (1) reacts with ethisterone to give the hydride−alkenylcarbyne complex OsHCl2(≡CCH═C19H26O)(PiPr3)2 (2) containing the testosterone skeleton. Treatment of 2 with AgBF4 in the presence of acetonitrile leads to [OsH(≡CCH═C19H26O)(CH3CN)2(PiPr3)2](BF4)2 (3), which evolves into the alkenylcarbene derivative [Os(═CHCH═C19H26O)(CH3CN)3(PiPr3)2](BF4)2 (4). The reaction of 2 with TlPF6 in a dichloromethane:acetone mixture affords [OsHCl(≡CCH═C19H26O)(κ1-OCMe2)(PiPr3)2]PF6 (5), which coordinates adenine to give [OsHCl(≡CCH═C19H26O)(7H-amino-adenine)(PiPr3)2]PF6 (6) containing, in addition to the androgen, a 7H-amine-adenine tautomer. The X-ray diffraction structures of 2 and 6 are also reported.
The biophilia hypothesis (1993)

"Biophilia" is the term coined by Edward O. Wilson, author of The Diversity of Life and winner of two Pulitzer prizes, to describe what he believes is our innate affinity for the natural world. In his landmark book Biophilia, he examined how our tendency to focus on life and lifelike processes might be a biologically based need, integral to our development as individuals and as a species. The idea has caught the imagination of diverse thinkers. The Biophilia Hypothesis brings together the views of some of the most creative scientists of our time, each attempting to amplify and refine the concept of biophilia. The various perspectives - psychological, biological, cultural, symbolic, and aesthetic - frame the theoretical issues by presenting empirical evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis. Numerous examples illustrate the idea that biophilia and its converse, biophobia, have a genetic component: people develop fear and even full-blown phobias of snakes and spiders with very little negative reinforcement, while more threatening modern artifacts - knives, guns, automobiles - rarely elicit such a response; people would rather look at water, green vegetation, or flowers than built structures of glass and concrete; and the development of language, myth, and thought appears to be greatly dependent on the use of natural symbols, particularly animals. The biophilia hypothesis, if substantiated, provides a powerful argument for the conservation of biological diversity. More important, it implies serious consequences for our well-being as society becomes further estranged from the natural world. Relentless environmental destruction could have a significant impact on our quality of life, not just materially but psychologically and even spiritually.
A NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescence system for security printing applications (2015)

A covert print-and-read system is demonstrated based on NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescence.
Improved synthesis and absolute configuration of (+)- and (-)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxaldehyde (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved synthesis and absolute configuration of (+)- and (-)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxaldehydeJen Sen Dung, Robert W. Armstrong, Oren P. Anderson, and Robert M. WilliamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 20, 3592–3594Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00168a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00168a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inverse Reinforcement Learning based on Critical State (2015)

Inverse reinforcement learning is tried to search a reward function based on Markov Decision Process. In the IRL topics, experts produce some good traces to make agents learn and adjust the reward function. But the function is difficult to set in some complicate problems. In this paper, Inverse Reinforcement Learning based on Critical State (IRLCS) is proposed to search a succinct and meaningful reward function. IRLCS select a set of reward indexes from whole state space through comparing the difference between the good and bad demonstrations. According to the simulation results, IRLCS can search a good strategy that is similar to experts.
A<i>lacZ</i>-hygromycin fusion gene and its use in a gene trap vector for marking embryonic stem cells (1995)

Journal Article A lacZ -hygromycin fusion gene and its use in a gene trap vector for marking embryonic stem cells Get access Dipa Natarajan, Dipa Natarajan Department of Genetics, University of CambridgeDowning Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Catherine A. Boulter Catherine A. Boulter * Department of Genetics, University of CambridgeDowning Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 19, 11 October 1995, Pages 4003–4004, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.19.4003 Published: 11 October 1995 Article history Received: 27 July 1995 Accepted: 22 August 1995 Published: 11 October 1995