gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards meaningful high-dimensional nearest neighbor search by human-computer interaction (2003)

Nearest neighbor search is an important and widely used problem in a number of important application domains. In many of these domains, the dimensionality of the data representation is often very high. Recent theoretical results have shown that the concept of proximity or nearest neighbors may not be very meaningful for the high dimensional case. Therefore, it is often a complex problem to find good quality nearest neighbors in such data sets. Furthermore, it is also difficult to judge the value and relevance of the returned results. In fact, it is hard for any fully automated system to satisfy a user about the quality of the nearest neighbors found unless he is directly involved in the process. This is especially the case for high dimensional data in which the meaningfulness of the nearest neighbors found is questionable. We address the complex problem of high dimensional nearest neighbor search from the user perspective by designing a system which uses effective cooperation between the human and the computer. The system provides the user with visual representations of carefully chosen subspaces of the data in order to repeatedly elicit his preferences about the data patterns which are most closely related to the query point. These preferences are used in order to determine and quantify the meaningfulness of the nearest neighbors. Our system is not only able to find and quantify the meaningfulness of the nearest neighbors, but is also able to diagnose situations in which the nearest neighbors found are truly not meaningful.
Polarized electroluminescence spectra of Ga<i>x</i>In1−<i>x</i>P/(Al0.6Ga0.4)0.5In0.5P quantum wells (1993)

Electroluminescence spectra of 80 Å GaxIn1−xP/(Al0.6Ga0.4)0.5In0.5P quantum wells (QWs), with x=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, are examined. The polarization is anisotropic, and the light-hole (lh) and heavy-hole (hh) transitions are resolved at current densities between 1 A/cm2 and threshold. In the compressively strained (x=0.3, 0.4) QWs, the hh is ground state and transverse electric-mode emission dominates. The lh and hh band edges are reversed for the tensile-strained QW, however, and the emission is predominantly transverse magnetic. Near threshold, the bandfilling effect is most pronounced in the compressively strained QWs, suggesting a reduced in-plane hh effective mass. For the most highly compressed QW (x=0.3, λ=707 nm), the threshold current density is 190 A/cm2.
Reductive cleavage of arylcyclopropyl ketones (1986)

Arylcyclopropyl aryl ketones undergo clean but slow reductive cleavage to 4-arylbutyrophenones when heated with zinc in ethanol. Replacement of one of the aryl groups by an alkyl group strongly inhibits reaction. This effect is in part overcome by the use of a higher boiling alcohol. When substituted at the cyclopropyl methylene position by an ethoxycarbonyl group these cyclopropyl ketones also undergo cleavage but with the unexpected formation of the ethyl 3,5-diaryl-5-oxopentanoates (22). In general, the results are consistent with the formation of an anion-radical intermediate.
Horoi: Studies in Mortgage, Real Security, and Land Tenure in Ancient Athens (1951)

John V. A. Fine, Horoi: Studies in Mortgage, Real Security, and Land Tenure in Ancient Athens, Hesperia Supplements, Vol. 9, Horoi: Studies in Mortgage, Real Security, and Land Tenure in Ancient Athens (1951), pp. i-iii+v-ix+1-217+219-225
Improvement Of Focusing And Tracking Servos In Optical Disk Memory (1985)

In a single beam read-write optical head, an astigmatic method using a cylindrical lens and a push-pull method are adopted for focusing and tracking error sensing, respectively. The disturbances for the servo sensing signals when the optical head records and reads along a pregrooved track, which has the depth of X/8 and is locally intermittent for address code, are compensated by signal processing technology.
Simulations of the radar cross section of a stealth aircraft (2007)

The radar cross section (RCS) of a CAD model of the stealth bomber B-2 Spirit was simulated with the CADRCS software. Results from simulations with the aircraft model having a perfectly conducting surface and rotating about the yaw, pitch and roll axes are presented and compared with results of simulations where the surface of the model was covered with a radar absorbing material (RAM). The objective of this study was to investigate how the shape can affect the RCS of an aircraft and how the use of RAM can further reduce its RCS.
Neuroanatomic Correlates of Psychopathologic Components of Major Depressive Disorder (2005)

Different brain regions correlate with discrete symptom components that compose the overall syndrome of major depression. Future studies should extend knowledge about specific regional networks by identifying responsible neurotransmitters related to specific psychopathologic components of mood disorders.
Note on effect of torsion in <i>QHM</i> observations (1938)

Using approximations to the trigonometric functions involved, a simple expression is obtained for the error resulting from imperfect elimination of initial torsion in the fiber.
A Knowledge-Gradient Policy for Sequential Information Collection (2008)

In a sequential Bayesian ranking and selection problem with independent normal populations and common known variance, we study a previously introduced measurement policy which we refer to as the knowledge-gradient policy. This policy myopically maximizes the expected increment in the value of information in each time period, where the value is measured according to the terminal utility function. We show that the knowledge-gradient policy is optimal both when the horizon is a single time period and in the limit as the horizon extends to infinity. We show furthermore that, in some special cases, the knowledge-gradient policy is optimal regardless of the length of any given fixed total sampling horizon. We bound the knowledge-gradient policy's suboptimality in the remaining cases, and show through simulations that it performs competitively with or significantly better than other policies.
Variation in the THC content in illicitly imported Cannabis products. (1980)

The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of 304 seizures of illicit Cannabis products was determined using gas chromatography. This procedure results in the conversion of THC acid to THC itself and thus gives the total THC content of the material, which reflects its potency as experienced by the smokers. The study was carried out over three years, thus enabling comparisons to be made between THC levels from a given country of origin over this time span in addition to any variations between the countries. In the early part of the study, herbal cannabis from South East Asia was consistently the best quality and that from the Caribbean the poorest quality. In the third year of the study, the material from South East Asia was in general no richer in THC than material from other areas of the world. Cannabis resins normally had higher THC contents than most herbal material, but the highest levels were found in "hash oil" from the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.
Solid landslide generated waves (2011)

Theoretical formulation describing the wave generation by a slender solid landslide is presented. The slide motion is coupled with the surface wave dynamics and both the fluid viscous (lubricative) resistance and the solid friction are considered. Numerical results are obtained for a cosine function shape slide. Numerical results show clearly the importance of the dynamic nonlinear coupling. The effects of lubricative resistance, solid friction, initial landslide speed and the slide height are discussed.
The Regulation of Autoimmunity Through CD4+ T Cells (1993)

Our experiments imply that it is possible to use monoclonal antibody therapy to reestablish self tolerance to self antigens. This can be achieved by using a short course of an nd anti-CD4 antibody thus avoiding the problem of long term immunosuppression. The mechanism by which such a state of self tolerance is achieved remains to be clarified but possible mechanisms include deletion or anergy of autoreactive T cells or some form of suppression mediated through local cytokine production. As this antibody induced state of tolerance can be reversed in the NOD mouse by cyclophospamide deletion cannot be the method by which autoreactivity is prevented. The mixing experiments which have been described in the thyroiditis experiments strongly suggest that anery is not the mechanism. It therefore remains most likely that tolerance induced following administration of nd anti-CD4 is an active process maintained through the production of an inhibitory cytokine. This ability to reprogram the immune system using monoclonal antibodies makes it not beyond the realms of possibility that individuals suffering from IDDM may become tolerant of their beta cell antigens and thus be able to regenerate their own beta cell mass. If this could indeed occur it might mean that a lifetime of insulin injections and the development of the life threatening complications that may accompany a disease like IDDM may be avoided.
Human AB Serum and Thrombin-Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma Are Suitable Alternatives to Fetal Calf Serum for the Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue (2007)

MSCs are currently in focus regarding their clinical potential in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, most isolation and expansion protocols for clinical-scale production of MSCs use fetal calf serum (FCS) as a supplement, which poses a potential risk for infections as well as immunological reactions. To find a suitable FCS substitute, we investigated the effects of pooled human AB serum (AB-HS) and thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma (tPRP) on adipose tissue MSCs (AT-MSCs) with FCS as the standard control medium. AT-MSCs of 10 donors were cultured under three different conditions: (a) 10% FCS, (b) 10% AB-HS, and (c) 10% tPRP. Colony-forming units, cumulative population doubling rates, and differentiation capacity toward the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages were assessed, along with immunophenotype. We demonstrated that AB-HS and tPRP provide a significantly higher proliferative effect on AT-MSCs than does FCS. In the first six passages, AB-HS and tPRP MSCs exhibited a fold expansion of 66.6 +/- 15.7 and 68.1 +/- 6.7, respectively, compared with 24.4 +/- 0.7 for FCS. Differentiation capacity was preserved throughout long-term culture. Immunophenotype was characteristic for MSCs and comparable for all culture conditions with the exception of a distinct CD45-/CD14-positive side population for AB-HS and tPRP that tended to diminish with prolonged culture. We showed that pooled human AB serum and thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma are alternatives to FCS for AT-MSCs. These human sources are better characterized regarding potential infectious threats, while providing a higher proliferation rate and retaining differentiation capacity and mesenchymal stem cell marker expression throughout long-term culture. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Superconducting High Energy Resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometers (2002)

We have demonstrated that a bulk absorber coupled to a TES can serve as a good gamma-ray spectrometer. Our measured energy resolution of 70 eV at 60 keV is among the best measurements in this field. We have also shown excellent agreement between the noise predictions and measured noise. Despite this good result, we noted that our detector design has shortcomings with a low count rate and vulnerabilities with the linearity of energy response. We addressed these issues by implementation of an active negative feedback bias. We demonstrated the effects of active bias such as additional pulse shortening, reduction of TES change in temperature during a pulse, and linearization of energy response at low energy. Linearization at higher energy is possible with optimized heat capacities and thermal conductivities of the microcalorimeter. However, the current fabrication process has low control and repeatability over the thermal properties. Thus, optimization of the detector performance is difficult until the fabrication process is improved. Currently, several efforts are underway to better control the fabrication of our gamma-ray spectrometers. We are developing a full-wafer process to produce TES films. We are investigating the thermal conductivity and surface roughness of thicker SiN membranes. We are exploring alternative methods to couple the absorber to the TES film for reproducibility. We are also optimizing the thermal conductivities within the detector to minimize two-element phonon noise. We are experimenting with different absorber materials to optimize absorption efficiency and heat capacity. We are also working on minimizing Johnson noise from the E S shunt and SQUID amplifier noise. We have shown that our performance, noise, and active bias models agree very well with measured data from several microcalorimeters. Once the fabrication improvements have been implemented, we have no doubt that our gamma-ray spectrometer will achieve even more spectacular results.
Resolving Systematic Relationships with G-Bands: A Study of Five Genera of South American Cricetine Rodents (1983)

R. J. Baker, B. F. Koop, M. W. Haiduk, Resolving Systematic Relationships with G-Bands: A Study of Five Genera of South American Cricetine Rodents, Systematic Zoology, Vol. 32, No. 4 (Dec., 1983), pp. 403-416
Microwave circulator design (1989)

Circulator design has advanced significantly since the first edition of this book was published 25 years ago. The objective of this second edition is to present theory, information, and design procedures that will enable microwave engineers and technicians to design and build circulators successfully. This resource contains a discussion of the various units used in the circulator design computations, as well as covers the theory of operation. This book presents numerous applications, giving microwave engineers new ideas about how to solve problems using circulators. Design examples are provided, which demonstrate how to apply the information to real-world design tasks.
Studies on the Aroma of Five Fresh Tomato Cultivars and the Precursors of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-4,5-Epoxy-(<i>E</i>)-2-Decenals and Methional (2008)

Three tasty (BR-139, FA-624, and FA-612) and two less tasty (R-144 and R-175) fresh greenhouse tomato cultivars, which significantly differ in their flavor profiles, were screened for potent odorants using aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). On the basis of AEDA results, 19 volatiles were selected for quantification in those 5 cultivars using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds such as 1-penten-3-one, (E,E)- and (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol) had higher odor units in the more preferred cultivars, whereas methional, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, or 2-isobutylthiazole had higher odor units in the less preferred cultivars. Simulation of the odor of the selected tomato cultivars by preparation of aroma models and comparison with the corresponding real samples confirmed that all important fresh tomato odorants were identified, that their concentrations were determined correctly in all five cultivars, and that differences in concentration, especially of the compounds mentioned above, make it possible to distinguish between them and are responsible for the differential preference. To help elucidate formation pathways of key odorants, labeled precursors were added to tomatoes. Biogenesis of cis- and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenals from linoleic acid and methional from methionine was confirmed.
Differential determination of chromium(VI)-chromium(III) with poly(dithiocarbamate) chelating resin and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential determination of chromium(VI)-chromium(III) with poly(dithiocarbamate) chelating resin and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometryAkira. Miyazaki and Ramon M. BarnesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 2, 364–366Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00225a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00225a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superoxide-mediated Decomposition of BiologicalS-Nitrosothiols (1998)

Incubation of S-nitrosocysteine or S-nitrosoglutathione (5-100 M) in the presence of a generator of superoxide (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) resulted in a time-dependent decomposition of S-nitrosothiols and accumulation of nitrite/nitrate in reaction mixtures. Quantitatively, the amounts of nitrite/nitrate represented >90% of nitrosonium equivalent of S-nitrosothiols degraded during the incubation. The reaction rates were unaffected by the presence catalase (1 unit/ml). Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of S-nitrosothiols in the presence of superoxide proceeded at second order rate constants of 76,900 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosocysteine) and 12,800 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosoglutathione), respectively, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 mol of S-nitrosothiol per 2 mol of superoxide. The findings provide the evidence for the involvement of superoxide in the metabolism of S-nitrosothiols. Furthermore, substantially slower reaction rates of superoxide with S-nitrosothiols relative to the reaction rate with NO are consistent with the contention that the transient formation of S-nitrosothiols in biological systems may protect NO from its rapid destruction by superoxide, thus enabling these compounds to serve as carriers or buffers of NO.
Optimizing Test Placement for Module-Level Regression Testing (2017)

Modern build systems help increase developer productivity by performing incremental building and testing. These build systems view a software project as a group of interdependent modules and perform regression test selection at the module level. However, many large software projects have imprecise dependency graphs that lead to wasteful test executions. If a test belongs to a module that has more dependencies than the actual dependencies of the test, then it is executed unnecessarily whenever a code change impacts those additional dependencies. In this paper, we formulate the problem of wasteful test executions due to suboptimal placement of tests in modules. We propose a greedy algorithm to reduce the number of test executions by suggesting test movements while considering historical build information and actual dependencies of tests. We have implemented our technique, called TestOptimizer, on top of CloudBuild, the build system developed within Microsoft over the last few years. We have evaluated the technique on five large proprietary projects. Our results show that the suggested test movements can lead to a reduction of 21.66 million test executions (17.09%) across all our subject projects. We received encouraging feedback from the developers of these projects; they accepted and intend to implement ≈80% of our reported suggestions.
Novel direct-coupled current switch architecture for a series-connected voltage-balancing pulse driver (2003)

A series-connected voltage-balancing circuit can output n-times larger voltage swing than can be output by a single transistor, where n is the number of series-connected transistors. This circuit makes it possible for high-speed low-breakdown-voltage transistors to be applied to large-voltage-swing pulse drivers, such as an optical modulator driver. This paper reports the first operation of this type of driver at 10 Gbit/s. Novel direct-coupled current switch architecture prevents FETs exceeding gate-drain breakdown voltage and keeps high-speed operation. The fabricated driver demonstrated 3.7 V/sub pp/ (7.4 V/sub pp, diff/) output with clear eye opening.
Real-time background estimation of traffic imagery using group-based histogram (2008)

This paper presents a novel background estimation method for a vision-based traffic monitoring system using a single Gaussian scheme. An algorithm of group-based histo- gram (GBH) is proposed to build the background Gaussian model of each pixel from traffic image sequences. This algorithm features improved robustness against transient stop of foreground objects and sensing noise. Furthermore, the method features low computational load, thus meets the real-time requirements in many practical applications. The proposed method has been applied to a vision-based traffic parameter estimation system to segment moving vehicles from image sequences. Given degraded compressive traffic images from on-line internet cameras, the image processing system successfully detect various vehicles in the traffic imagery. Practical experimental results demonstrate that traffic flow can be measured in real time with satisfactory accuracy.
Dispersion tailoring and soliton propagation in silicon waveguides (2006)

The dispersive properties of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides are studied by using the effective-index method. Extensive calculations indicate that an SOI waveguide can be designed to have its zero-dispersion wavelength near 1.5 microm with reasonable device dimensions. Numerical simulations show that soliton-like pulse propagation is achievable in such a waveguide in the spectral region at approximately 1.55 microm. The concept of path-averaged solitons is used to minimize the impact of linear loss and two-photon absorption.
Distinguishing Deceptive from Non-Deceptive Speech (2005)

To date, studies of deceptive speech have largely been confined to descriptive studies and observations from subjects, researchers, or practitioners, with few empirical studies of the specific lexical or acoustic/prosodic features which may characterize deceptive speech. We present results from a study seeking to distinguish deceptive from non-deceptive speech using machine learning techniques on features extracted from a large corpus of deceptive and non-deceptive speech. This corpus employs an interview paradigm that includes subject reports of truth vs. lie at multiple temporal scales. We present current results comparing the performance of acoustic/prosodic, lexical, and speaker-dependent features and discuss future research directions.