gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral probes for the handedness of DNA helices: enantiomers of tris(4,7-diphenylphenanthroline)ruthenium(II). (1984)

The chiral complexes tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) (RuDIP) are shown to be specific chemical probes with which to distinguish right- and left-handed DNA helices in solution. In spectrophotometric titrations of racemic RuDIP with both B-form calf thymus DNA and Z-form poly[d(G-C)], hypochromicity in the intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band is found and enhancement in luminescence is observed. The spectrophotometric assay of DNA binding to the well-resolved enantiomers of RuDIP provides a means to determine the helical conformation. Strong chiral specificity is seen in binding experiments with right-handed B-DNA and, on this basis, the absolute configurations are assigned. Although delta-RuDIP can bind by intercalation into the right-handed helix, steric constraints imposed by the helix asymmetry preclude completely binding by the lambda enantiomer. Both isomers, however, are found to bind equally to Z-DNA. Left-handed helices that are more similar structurally to B-DNA would be predicted to display a stereospecific preference for this lambda isomer.
Process and Design Challenge for SMR-type Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) Filters at Frequencies Above 5 GHz (2019)

With the new 5G wireless communication standard on the horizon, new and formerly unused bands will be introduced with frequencies up to 6 GHz. BAW filters play a crucial role supporting those bands due to their tight guard-band and steep rejection requirements. This paper will elaborate on process and design challenges based on a 5.2GHz filter design.
Photonic Crystals for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing (2014)

This Review covers photonic crystals (PhCs) and their use for sensing mainly chemical and biochemical parameters, with a particular focus on the materials applied. Specific sections are devoted to a) a lead-in into natural and synthetic photonic nanoarchitectures, b) the various kinds of structures of PhCs, c) reflection and diffraction in PhCs, d) aspects of sensing based on mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, and purely chemical stimuli, e) aspects of biosensing based on biomolecules incorporated into PhCs, and f) current trends and limitations of such sensors.
DMA and DMB are the only genes in the class II region of the human MHC needed for class II-associated antigen processing. (1995)

Previous studies have shown that homozygous mutations between the LMP2 and DNA loci in the human MHC cause class II molecules to be abnormally conformed and unstable in the presence of SDS at low temperature, and impede class II-associated Ag processing and presentation. These abnormalities result from impaired ability to form intracellular class II/peptide complexes that predominate in normal cells. We show in this work that this defect results from deficient expression of either the DMA or the DMB gene. Human B-LCL.174 (DR3) cells, which have a deletion of all known expressible genes in the class II region, express transgene-encoded HLA-DR3, but have the abnormalities. Transfer of cosmid HA14, which contains the DMA and DMB genes, into .174 (DR3) cells restored normal DR3 conformation, stability in 0.4% SDS at 0 degree, and ability to process and present tetanus toxoid, but only when both DMA and DMB mRNAs were present. The requirement for both genetic expressions in engendering normal phenotypes was confirmed by transferring the cloned genes into .174 (DR3) cells separately or together. Because normal phenotypes were fully restored in transferent cells expressing DMA plus DMB, other genes in the approximately 1-mb homozygous class II region deletion in .174 (DR3) cells either do not participate in or are dispensable for apparently normal production of intracellular class II/peptide complexes. The properties of DM-deficient EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) suggest ways of identifying humans in whom DM deficiency contributes to congenital immunodeficiency and malignancy.
The Importance of Scientific Analysis of Evidence in the Prosecution of Crime (1935)

Address by E. P. Coffey, Director of Federal Technical Laboratory of the Department of Justice, Washington, D. C., before the Indiana State Bar Association, September 6, 1935.
Preparation of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical DNA–Protein Conjugates with DNA as a Molecular Scaffold (2001)

DNA “dumbbells” (shown schematically) with either the same or different proteins attached to the ends of DNA oligonucleotides were prepared by using the polymerase chain reaction to introduce the points of attachment (Y and W), and imaged by atomic force microscopy. In some cases, the observed values for the distance separation between the two proteins were smaller than the calculated ones, which is most probably due to bending of the scaffold DNA.
Identification of Lys277 at the active site of Escherichia coli glycogen synthase. Application of affinity labeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis. (1994)

Lys15 in Escherichia coli glycogen synthase, which is specifically labeled by adenosine diphosphopyridoxal, is mainly involved in binding of the substrate ADP-glucose (Furukawa, K., Tagaya, M., Tanizawa, K., and Fukui, T. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 23837-23842). We have found that the mutant glycogen synthase in which Lys15 is replaced by Gln via site-directed mutagenesis is inactivated by adenosine diphosphopyridoxal at concentrations higher than those required for the inactivation of the wild-type enzyme. ADP and ADP-glucose offered protective effects on inactivation, suggesting that the label binds to the ADP-glucose-binding site in the mutant enzyme. Sequence analysis of the labeled peptide revealed that the labeled residue is Lys277. This lysyl residue is conserved in maize starch synthase, which shows about 30% amino acid identity to E. coli glycogen synthase. Substitution of Gln for Lys277 by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in a 140-fold decrease in the kcat value with little changes in the Km values for ADP-glucose and glycogen. These results suggest that Lys277 at the active site participates in the catalytic reaction rather than binding of substrate. The present study shows the usefulness of the combined application of affinity labeling and site-directed mutagenesis.
Nasopharyngeal Colonization in Southern Israel with Antibiotic-Resistant Pneumococci during the First 2 Years of Life: Relation to Serotypes Likely to Be Included in Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (1996)

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae was studied in 162 healthy infants at ages 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, and 13 months and in an additional 352 healthy children at ages 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months. Carriage was 26%, 39%, and 62% at 2, 12, and 24 months, respectively, and the respective resistance to > or = 1 antibiotic was 11%, 19%, and 27%. The presence of an older sibling or antibiotic treatment during the month preceding the culture was associated with carriage of resistant pneumococci in infants, whereas attendance at large day care centers was associated with carriage during the second year of life. Antibiotic resistance was detected in all 7 serotypes included in the candidate pediatric conjugate vaccines and was significantly more prevalent among vaccine-type pneumococci than among non-vaccine-type pneumococci. The use of conjugate vaccines may reduce the spread of resistant pneumococci.
Electrochemical Etching of n-Type 6H-SiC Without UV Illumination (2006)

Deep etching of n-type 6H-SiC using a two-step etching process has been studied. First, anodization of 6H-SiC in an HF electrolyte (2 wt.%) without ultraviolet light is applied to form a deep porous layer with the desired dimensions. Then, a thermal oxidation process is used to oxidize this porous layer. The oxidized layer is then removed in a concentrated HF solution. In the experiments, the etching parameters electrolyte concentration and current density are optimized in order to obtain a uniform pore size and hence, a smooth etched surface. After adjusting these parameters, the porous layer formation experiments are carried out at 20/spl deg/C in a 2 wt.% HF electrolyte using a current density of 50 mA/cm/sup 2/. The corresponding porous layer formation rate is about 1.1 /spl mu/m/min. To demonstrate the capabilities of this SiC bulk micromachining process, deep circular cavities are fabricated in n-type 6H-SiC substrates.
Purification and characterization of human mitochondrial transcription factor 1. (1988)

We purified to near homogeneity a transcription factor from human KB cell mitochondria. This factor, designated mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (mtTF1), is required for the in vitro recognition of both major promoters of human mitochondrial DNA by the homologous mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Furthermore, it has been shown to bind upstream regulatory elements of the two major promoters. After separation from RNA polymerase by phosphocellulose chromatography, mtTF1 was chromatographed on a MonoQ anion-exchange fast-performance liquid chromatography column. Analysis of mtTF1-containing fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single major polypeptide with an Mr of approximately 25,000. Centrifugation in analytical glycerol gradients indicated a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 2.5 S, consistent with a monomeric 25-kilodalton protein. Finally, when the 25-kilodalton polypeptide was excised from a stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and allowed to renature, it regained DNA-binding and transcriptional stimulatory activities at both promoters. Although mtTF1 is the only mitochondrial DNA-binding transcription factor to be purified and characterized, its properties, such as a high affinity for random DNA and a weak specificity for one of its target sequences, may typify this class of regulatory proteins.
Performance Characteristics of Magnesium/para‐Nitrophenol Cells in 2:1 Magnesium Electrolytes (1993)

1 V/1 Ah magnesium/para‐nitrophenol (PNP) reserve cells were fabricated and their performance was evaluated in different electrolytes [2M aqueous solutions of , , and ] and at various current densities. Results indicate that these cells exhibit superior performance in a medium. Hence, a 3 V/1 Ah battery was fabricated, and the performance was found to be identical to that of the cells. The discharge behavior is discussed in terms of electrons transferred during reduction and it is suggested that PNP is an efficient depolarizer for magnesium batteries. Cyclic voltammetry studies were also carried out in order to understand the reduction mechanism of PNP.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-mediated integration of cGMP and cAMP signaling in cells of the cardiovascular system (2005)

Numerous pharmacological and physiological agents acting via either cAMP- or cGMP-mediated impact the activities of cells of the cardiovascular system. While most define cAMP and cGMP signaling systems as separate and independent, recent advances in our understanding of cyclic nucleotide signaling, and more specifically, of the roles which cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play in these events, have altered this view. In this short chapter, I will review the data identifying expression of several PDEs in cells of the cardiovascular system. In addition, I will review the data that identify PDEs as enzymes capable of allowing integration between cAMP and cGMP signaling in cells, and propose that cAMP and cGMP signaling systems can represent parallel and interdependent signaling systems. Moreover, I will propose that cGMP-mediated effects on the activities of variants of the Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2), PDE3 and PDE5 families may act to coordinate linkage between cAMP and cGMP signaling in these cells.
Highly sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone)s for fuel cell membranes (2010)

Abstract Highly sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone)s applicable to proton electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) were synthesized by the coupling reaction of corresponding hydroxyl‐ terminated oligomers in the presence of highly reactive decafluorobiphenyl (DFB) as a chain extender, followed by postsulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. Their molecular weights were reasonably high as determined by viscosity measurement (η inh = 0.72–1.58 dL/g). It was also confirmed that postsulfonation selectively took place in hydrophilic segments to yield highly sulfonated multiblock copolymers (IEC = 1.90–2.75 mequiv/g). The resulting polymers gave transparent, flexible, and tough membranes by solution casting. The 4b membrane, as a representative sample, demonstrated good mechanical strength in the dry state regardless of high IEC value (2.75 mequiv/g). The 4a–c membranes with higher IEC values (IEC = 2.75–2.79 mequiv/g) maintained high water uptake (13.7–17.7 wt %) at 50% RH and it was still high (7.4–8.5 wt %) at 30% RH. Proton conductivity of all membranes at 80 °C and 95% RH was higher than that of Nafion 117. Furthermore, the 4a membrane showed high proton conductivity, comparable with Nafion 117 in the range of 50–95% RH, and maintained high proton conductivity (2.3 × 10 −3 S/cm) even at 30% RH. Finally, the surface morphology of the membrane was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy, which showed well‐connected hydrophilic domains that could work as proton transportation channel. This phase separation and the high water uptake behavior probably contributed to high and effective proton conduction in a wide range of relative humidity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2757–2764, 2010
Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cure-all (2010)

In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world. Centella asiatica is an important medicinal herb that is widely used in the orient and is becoming popular in the West. Triterpenoid, saponins, the primary constituents of Centella asiatica are manly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic actions. Apart from wound healing, the herb is recommended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, diseases of the female genitourinary tract and also for relieving anxiety and improving cognition. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information on pharmacology, mechanisms of action, various preclinical and clinical studies, safety precautions and current research prospects of the herb. At the same time, studies to evaluate the likelihood of interactions with drugs and herbs on simultaneous use, which is imperative for optimal and safe utilization of the herb, are discussed.
High speed line detection by Hough transform in local area (2002)

In line detection method first let the candidates of line segment whose positional precision or reliability are guaranteed to some extent be extracted in a local area, then let the line be extracted by a verification process in the existing area of candidate line which is defined by an extension process for the line segment in the pattern space, and finally let all lines be extracted by a shifting operation of the local area in the image appropriately. By these processes, our method realizes the absorption of the quantization errors in Hough transform, as well as the extraction of short line segments. Furthermore, parallel processing is available for the hardware implementation. In this paper, we show theoretically and experimentally that calculation costs for line detection is extremely reduced without any degradation of detectability and reliability in comparison with a conventional Hough transform.
Investigation and utilization of the acoustic emission signal for monitoring the dressing process (2002)

Improvement of monitoring techniques is essential to make the complex dressing process more reliable, economical and user friendly. A system utilizing data from acoustic emission (AE) sensors and a suitable algorithm combined with a graphical user interface has been applied with this aim. The influence of different grinding wheel types and dressing parameters on the AE signal has been investigated and a dressing monitoring system is proposed. The root mean square (r.m.s.) signal, or the low-frequency component of the AE signal, provides information that can be utilized to monitor the process. A reliable touch detection and cycle termination can be established. The spectrum of the raw signal has been investigated for cubic boron nitride (CBN) and conventional grinding wheels. Reliable data acquisition techniques, which make a continuous scanning of such wide bandwidth signals possible, have been applied.
[A review of the current research on prions. The evidence suggests the possibility of transmission of the mad cow disease to humans]. (1998)

Further evidence of the transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) across the species barrier from cow to man has been derived from epidemiological analysis and the characterisation of prion strains. Recent research has shown the persistence of prions after experimental transmission to resistant murine species, and subclinical persistence in cows. The accumulation of pathological prion proteins in tonsils and appendix has been demonstrated prior to clinical confirmation of the presence of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Current prion research is focused on the involvement of B lymphocytes as carriers, on the species barrier and cellular receptors, and on macromolecules involved in the conformational change from normal to pathological prion proteins.
Experimental design and analysis and their reporting II: updated and simplified guidance for authors and peer reviewers (2018)

This article updates the guidance published in 2015 for authors submitting papers to British Journal of Pharmacology (Curtis et al., 2015) and is intended to provide the rubric for peer review. Thus, it is directed towards authors, reviewers and editors. Explanations for many of the requirements were outlined previously and are not restated here. The new guidelines are intended to replace those published previously. The guidelines have been simplified for ease of understanding by authors, to make it more straightforward for peer reviewers to check compliance and to facilitate the curation of the journal's efforts to improve standards.
‘The White Bishop’ (1990)

It was late in October 1898, that Joyce first dubbed me Cranly. This was one of the months during which he sat waiting for me, session after session while I played chess with Parnell.
Prostaglandin E2: Making More of Your Marrow (2007)

We have recently demonstrated through a chemical screen in the zebrafish embryo that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) number. These results have further been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies in the murine model. Bioactive PGE2 derivatives have potential clinical application to accelerate recovery of the hematopoietic system following chemotherapy or irradiation. Ex vivo expansion of HSCs prior to stem cell transplantation may improve reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immune function. This article aims to summarize current knowledge of PGE2-mediated regulation of blood cell homeostasis as well as to discuss the proposed use of PGE2 to expand hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in the clinical setting.
Sensitivity Improvement of TOFPET by the Utilization of the Inter-Slice Coincidences (1982)

Conventional multi-slice positron tomographs have suffered from an inefficient use of the inter-slice coincidence information due to a lack of an appropriate reconstruction algorithm. In order to overcome this deficiency, most multi-slice tomographs use the nearest neighbor coincidence lines and approximate the position of the slice by summing the two sets of lines. This still leaves a fair number of coincidence lines which are discarded. TOFPET, with its ability to localize the positions of the annihilation, overcomes this limitation with a new technique of utilizing all the inter-slice coincidence lines. Each coincidence event is localized in three dimensions and then placed in one of the imaae slices for tomographic reconstruction. With a proper design of the positron camera, this can result in a sensitivity increase of 60% over cameras of similar design but utilizing only the nearest neighbor inter-slice coincidences. We show how this new technique is implemented in the TOFPET camera being constructed at our institution.
The New Economy and Global Stock Returns (2000)

This paper revisits the relative importance of global versus country-specific factors underlying stock returns. It constructs a new firm level data set covering emerging and developed markets and estimates a simple factor model, which breaks down stock returns into a global business cycle factor, global industry factors, country-specific factors and firm-level effects. The results indicate that the share of variation in stock returns explained by global industry factors has grown sharply since the mid-1990s, at the expense of country-specific factors. Foremost among the global factors is a “new economy” factor, which has become a key determinant of global stock returns.
On the Protective and Curative Properties of certain Foodstuffs against Polyneuritis induced in Birds by a Diet of Polished Rice (1914)

1. Pigeons fed on daily rations of polished rice equal to 1/20th their initial body-weight develop symptoms of polyneuritis in about three weeks and usually lose considerably in weight. 2. The efficacies of various ox-tissues for preventing polyneuritis have been determined, and the tissues arranged according to their anti-neuritic powers are in the following descending order: liver, cardiac-muscle, cerebrum, cerebellum, voluntary muscle, and (cows') milk. 3. Alcoholic extracts of the excreta of a hen fed on unpolished grain and of the faeces of a rabbit fed on bread and cabbage cured polyneuritis in pigeons. The whole content of anti-neuritic substances present in the dietary was therefore not absorbed or else some amount is synthesised by the bacteria of which the faeces consisted to a considerable extent. No conclusions can consequently be drawn as to the actual distribution of the active substances in the animal body, until the extent to which the various tissues are absorbed from the alimentary canal of birds has been determined. 4. Nuts (husked filberts) are very efficient in preventing polyneuritis, being even superior to lentils and husked barley. Cheddar cheese, on the other hand, even in considerable amount, has no preventive effect. 5. Malt extract taken from two different samples readily cured polyneuritis in pigeons. A third sample however even in large doses had no curative action. 6. For the prevention of beri-beri egg-yolk, heart-muscle, liver, nuts, barley, and lentils can be recommended as suitable foodstuffs with which to supplement the polished rice diet. As meat (voluntary muscle) has been frequently found to be ineffective in preventing epidemics of beri-beri, its replacement by heart and liver in mixed diets would be a considerable improvement, because, not only are these tissues when suitably prepared as nutritious as voluntary muscle, but they also contain the anti-neuritic substances in much higher concentration.