gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chick Embryo Limb Bud Cell Culture for Screening Environmental Contaminants (1997)

Few non-mammalian systems have been used as models for assessing the developmental toxicity of environmental contaminants although the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency recognizes mammalian in vitro systems as appropriate developmental toxicity screens. The chick embryo micromass cell culture system was tested for its predictability to screen developmental toxicants to the skeletal system. Four toxicants with known toxicities in the rodent limb bud cell culture system (arsenate, aspirin, caffeine and methylmercury) were chosen for testing in the chick culture system. Cartilage-specific products, proteoglycans, were used to determine differentiation of the cells in culture by staining with Alcian Green then measured using a spectrophotometric method. Proliferation was determined by staining with Crystal Violet. Dose and temporal response experiments were conducted to determine the most sensitive dose and time of exposure to cells in culture. Overall, the micromass cultures of the chick limb buds responded in a manner similar to those seen in the rodent culture.
An Interferon Signature in the Peripheral Blood of Dermatomyositis Patients is Associated with Disease Activity (2007)

Recent studies have shown increased expression of interferon (IFN)-regulated genes in the peripheral blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A similar interferon signature has been observed in affected muscle tissue from patients with dermatomyositis (DM), but it has not yet been determined if this signature extends to the peripheral blood in DM. We performed global gene expression profiling of peripheral blood cells from adult and juvenile DM patients and healthy controls. Several interesting groups of genes were differentially expressed in DM, including genes with immune function, and others that function in muscle or are involved in mitochondrial/oxidative phosphorylation. Investigation of type I IFN-regulated transcripts revealed a striking interferon signature present in most DM patients studied. Levels of type I IFN-regulated proteins were also elevated in DM serum samples. Furthermore, both the transcript and serum protein IFN signatures were associated with disease activity. These data suggest that the IFN signature may be a useful marker for DM disease activity, and that sampling peripheral blood may be a more practical alternative to muscle biopsy for measuring this signature.
Triphenyltin(IV) sulfanylpropenoates: synthesis, crystal structures and antimicrobial activities (2000)

Three new triphenyltin(IV) sulfanylcarboxylates with the general formula [Q][SnPh3(L)] (Q = di-isopropylammonium cation; L = tspa, pspa or pyspa, where t = 3-(2-thienyl)-, p = 3-(2-phenyl)-, py = 3-(2-pyridinyl)- and spa = 2-sulfanylpropenoato) have been prepared by reaction of triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide with the corresponding acid in the presence of di-isopropylamine in ethanol. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and mass spectrometry and by IR, Mössbauer and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy. X-ray studies of the crystal structures of [Q][SnPh3(pspa)] and [Q][SnPh3(pyspa)] show that in both compounds the tin atom is coordinated to three phenyl C atoms and to S and one O atom of the ligand L. All three complexes are active against strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, but are inactive or only slightly active against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational control of cytomegalovirus gene expression is mediated by upstream AUG codons (1988)

Human cytomegalovirus regulates gene expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We have characterized posttranscriptional signals carried on the RNA of one beta (or delayed-early) gene, signals that we show delay the translation of an actively transcribed gene. The cis-acting components of this signal map to two upstream AUG codons in the 5' leader of the beta gene transcript that act to delay the kinetics and reduce the levels of gene expression. Both upstream AUG codons are part of short open reading frames, and the presence of either is sufficient to suppress expression of a downstream open reading frame. These upstream natural AUG codons appear to act in cis at the level of translation, consistent with the scanning hypothesis of eucaryotic translation. The occurrence of natural upstream AUG codons in other cytomegalovirus transcripts suggests their physiological significance in influencing the kinetics and steady-state levels of gene expression during viral growth.
Auger electron nanoscale mapping and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with gas cluster ion beam sputtering to study an organic bulk heterojunction (2014)

The lateral and vertical distributions of organic p/n bulk heterojunctions for an organic solar cell device are, respectively, investigated using nanometer-scale Auger electron mapping and using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with Ar gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering. The concentration of sulfur, present only in the p-type material, is traced to verify the distribution of p-type (donor) and n-type (acceptor) materials in the blended structure. In the vertical direction, a considerable change in atomic sulfur concentration is observed using XPS depth profiling with Ar GCIB sputtering. In addition, Auger electron mapping of sulfur reveals the lateral 2-dimensional distribution of p- and n-type materials. The combination of Auger electron mapping with Ar GCIB sputtering should thereby allow the construction of 3-dimensional distributions of p- and n-type materials in organic photovoltaic cells.
Sequence organization in nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid from <i>Physarum polycephalum</i>. Physical properties of foldback sequences (1980)

An investigation was performed with the use of physical techniques, to determine the nature and organization of inverted repeat sequences in nuclear DNA fragments from Physarum polycephalum. From the average size of foldback duplexes (550 nucleotide pairs), and the foldback duplex yield as determined by treatment of DNA with S1 deoxyribonuclease followed by hydroxyapatite chromatography, it is estimated that there are at least 25000 foldback sequences in the Physarum genome. Foldback DNA molecules exhibit properties intermediate between single-stranded DNA and native duplexes on elution from hydroxyapatite with a salt gradient. In addition, thermal-elution chromatography of foldback DNA from hydroxyapatite crystals shows that foldback duplexes are less stable than native DNA. These properties can be explained on the basis that inverted repeat sequences are mismatched when in the foldback configuration. The results of experiments in which the binding of foldback DNA molecules to hydroxyapatite was determined, by using fragments of different single-chain size, agree with previous studies indicating that inverted repeat sequences are located, on average, every 7000 residues throughout the Physarum genome. The inverted repeats are derived from both the repetitive and single-copy components in Physarum nuclear DNA.
Removal bias: a new cause of code growth in tree based evolutionary programming (1998)

Presents a new cause of code growth, termed removal bias. We show that growth due to removal bias can be expected to occur whenever operations which remove and replace a variable-sized section of code, e.g. crossover or subtree mutation, are used in an evolutionary paradigm. Two forms of non-destructive crossover are used to examine the causes of code growth. The results support the protective value of inviable code and removal bias as two distinct causes of code growth. Both causes of code growth are shown to exist in at least two different problems.
A new general synthesis of macrocyclic compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new general synthesis of macrocyclic compoundsP. R. Story, D. D. Denson, C. E. Bishop, B. C. Clark Jr., and J.-C. FarineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3, 817–818Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01005a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01005a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views563Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
De la cognición al discurso. Aproximación a la psicología crítica (2005)

Al interior de la psicologia se ha debatido sin tregua por el canon cientifico, objetal , metodologico y epistemologico que debe arroparla. Los resultados no han puesto de manifiesto un minimo acuerdo al respecto y por el contrario cada vez que se debate el tema emergen nuevos argumentos que tensan y marcan nuevos espacios de distanciamiento entre las posturas. Es probable que los psicologos y los aficionados a esta area planteemos la discusion con objetivos imprecisos y por ello los resultados no sean los deseados. ?Es acaso necesario llegar a un punto de acuerdo en relacion con los criterios de demarcacion de esta forma de conocimiento que ha sido llamado psicologico? ?Los canones de unidad de la ciencia y el metodo son los parametros que, indirectamente, siguen alimentando estas discusiones? Y sucede indirectamente porque si algo se ha derivado de estos debates es la prudencia al momento de conceptualizar la psicologia como ciencia, disciplina e incluso como solo un area de conocimiento. No obstante, la preocupacion de los psicologos parece sostenerse aun en la busqueda de consenso acerca de los maximos de la Psicologia, cuando de lo que se trata es de discernir los minimos dialogantes de una forma de conocimiento, reconocer la inmanencia de la diversidad de perspectivas y pensar en relacion con problemas y no alrededor de objetos de demarcacion.
Death as Deterrent or Prosecutorial Tool? Examining the Impact of Louisiana’s Child Rape Law (2002)

This project measures the impact of a 1995 amendment to Louisiana’s aggravated rape statute that allows juries to consider imposing the death penalty for convicted child rapists. Preamendment populations of cases from two large parishes (counties) were compared to postamendment populations of cases. In addition, 40 individual case files were randomly selected and reviewed. Variables measuring certainty, severity, and swiftness of punishment were compared. The only significant change was the reduction of trials, which may be linked to an increased propensity for plea agreements, dismissals, and charge reductions. In general, offenders initially charged with aggravated rape of a child seemed to benefit from the passage of this amendment, as did district attorneys’ offices. Unfortunately, the state of Louisiana does not seem to be benefiting from the increased deterrence and retribution that this amendment was touted to deliver.
Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Is Mediated by an Atropine-Sensitive Pathway (2002)

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent mediator potentially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including bronchial asthma. Recently, transgenic mice overexpressing the PAF receptor (PAFR) gene have been established, and exhibit bronchial hyperresponsiveness, one of the cardinal features of asthma. To elucidate the molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PAF-associated bronchial hyperreactivity, we studied airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in PAFR-transgenic mice. In addition, we examined the role of the muscarinic receptor in PAF-induced responses and the binding activities of the muscarinic receptor. The PAFR-transgenic mice exhibited hyperresponsiveness to MCh and PAF; however, no significant differences in 5-HT responsiveness were observed between the control and PAFR-transgenic mice. The administration of atropine significantly blocked PAF-induced responses in PAFR-transgenic mice. There were no differences between the two phenotypes in the binding activities of muscarinic receptor. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that PAFR overexpression did not affect airway structure. These findings suggest that the muscarinic pathway may have a key role in airway hyperresponsiveness associated with PAFR gene overexpression. More generally, PAFR-transgenic mice may provide appropriate models for study of the molecular mechanisms underlying PAF-associated diseases.
Optical Pickup for Compact Disc Player Using Computer-Generated Hologram and Reflection-Type Grating (1993)

A functional prototype of an optical pickup using a Computer-generated hologram (CGH) has been developed for compact disc player (CDP). A 780 nm-wavelength laser diode, a finite conjugated objective lens, and a reflection-type grating are used in the pickup. The fringe pattern of the CGH functions as cylindrical and negative power lenses, and produces astigmatism for focusing signal to the objective lens. Also, the effect of chromatic aberration of the CGH on the pickup is estimated.
[Advances in functional genomics studies underlying acetic acid tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. (2014)

Industrial microorganisms are subject to various stress conditions, including products and substrates inhibitions. Therefore, improvement of stress tolerance is of great importance for industrial microbial production. Acetic acid is one of the major inhibitors in the cellulosic hydrolysates, which affects seriously on cell growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive response and tolerance of acetic acid of S. cerevisiae benefit breeding of robust strains of industrial yeast for more efficient production. In recent years, more insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying acetic acid tolerance have been revealed through analysis of global gene expression and metabolomics analysis, as well as phenomics analysis by single gene deletion libraries. Novel genes related to response to acetic acid and improvement of acetic acid tolerance have been identified, and novel strains with improved acetic acid tolerance were constructed by modifying key genes. Metal ions including potassium and zinc play important roles in acetic acid tolerance in S. cerevisiae, and the effect of zinc was first discovered in our previous studies on flocculating yeast. Genes involved in cell wall remodeling, membrane transport, energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and transport, as well as global transcription regulation were discussed. Exploration and modification of the molecular mechanisms of yeast acetic acid tolerance will be done further on levels such as post-translational modifications and synthetic biology and engineering; and the knowledge obtained will pave the way for breeding robust strains for more efficient bioconversion of cellulosic materials to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Study on Supporting System for Process Planning Using an Algorithm of Shortest Path Problem (1st Report) (2010)

In machining of products in which a large number of cutting tools and machining processes are required, the sequence in which a workpiece is machined has an effect not only on factors relating to productivity such as machining time, machining cost, and power consumption, but also on the machining error and quality of the machined surface. However, the number of combinations of processing sequences for machining of such products is extremely large, and it is therefore difficult to design an optimal machining process within a short time. In this study, an algorithm for solving the shortest path problem is used to develop a process planning support system that takes into account the various above-mentioned factors in machining using a machining center. The system incorporates various functions such as prevention of interference between the tool and the workpiece resulting from the machining sequence, prevention of processes in which previous machining is invalidated, and integration of processes performed using a same tool. Machining times based on NC data are calculated, and the shortest machining time for a product requiring 15 processes (using 9 tools) is analyzed. A comparison of results obtained using the proposed system with machining times required for processes designed by operators confirmed that the analytical results are valid.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3-Substituted 3<i>H</i>-Pyrimidin-4-ones (2004)

[reaction: see text] A novel and practical synthesis of 3-substituted 3H-pyrimidin-4-ones is described. The key step involves the cyclization of enamide esters, derived from readily available beta-keto esters, with trimethylaluminum and various primary amines.
Compact lenslet-array-based holographic correlator/convolver (1995)

Although electronic systems continue to shrink in size, optical processors, particularly correlators/convolvers, remain relatively bulky. Here a compact holographic correlator/convolver, based on the use of multiple lenslet arrays, is presented. This compact lenslet-array holographic correlator/convolver approach offers most of the advantages of conventional optical correlators, including fully parallel high-speed operation, yet its physical size is comparable with that of monolithic optoelectronic units such as VLSI spatial light modulators and CCD's. Thus hybrid optoelectronic systems based on the lenslet-array holographic correlator/convolver (pattern recognition, optically interconnected computers, artificial neural networks, etc.) can be both compact and fast.
Persistence of CD133 <sup>+</sup> Cells in Human and Mouse Glioma Cell Lines: Detailed Characterization of GL261 Glioma Cells with Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties (2008)

The concept of cancer stem cells suggests that there are malignant stem-like cells within a tumor that are responsible for tumor renewal and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Studies have identified glioma stem-like cells that extrude Hoechst 33342 dye, representing a double-negative "side population" (SP) thought to be selectively resistant to drug therapy. A CD133+ stem cell-like subpopulation has been isolated from a human glioma that was enriched for tumor-initiating cells. It is unknown whether CD133+ cells with similar phenotype persist in established glioma cell lines, or if CD133 is a marker of glioma stem-like cells in rodents. We investigated whether CD133+ and SP cells existed in the GL261 cell line, a syngeneic mouse glioma model that is widely used for preclinical and translational research. Intracerebral injection of less than 100 CD133+ GL261 cells formed tumors, whereas it required 10,000 CD133(-) cells to initiate a tumor. CD133+ GL261 cells expressed nestin, formed tumor spheres with high frequency, and differentiated into glial and neuronal-like cells. Similar to GL261, seven human glioma cell lines analyzed also contained a rare CD133+ population. Surprisingly, we found that CD133+ GL261 cells did not reside in the SP, nor did the majority ( approximately 94%) of CD133+ human glioma cells. These results demonstrate that the expression of CD133 in murine glioma cells is associated with enhanced tumorigenicity and a stem-like phenotype. This study also reveals a previously unrecognized level of heterogeneity in glioma cell lines, exposing several populations of cells that have characteristics of cancer stem cells.
Computer Vision on Multi-Core Processors: Articulated Body Tracking (2007)

The recent emergence of multi-core processors enables a new trend in the usage of computers. Computer vision applications, which require heavy computation and lots of bandwidth, usually cannot run in real-time. Recent multi-core processors can potentially serve the needs of such workloads. In addition, more advanced algorithms can be developed utilizing the new computation paradigm. In this paper, we study the performance of an articulated body tracker on multi-core processors. The articulated body tracking workload encapsulates most of the important aspects of a computer vision workload. It takes multiple camera inputs of a scene with a single human object, extracts useful features, and performs statistical inference to find the body pose. We show the importance of properly parallelizing the workload in order to achieve great performance: speedups of 26 on 32 cores. We conclude that: (1) data-domain parallelization is better than function-domain parallelization for computer vision applications; (2) data-domain parallelism by image regions and particles is very effective; (3) reducing serial code in edge detection brings significant performance improvements; (4) domain knowledge about low/mid/high level of vision computation is helpful in parallelizing the workload.
Dynamic Helical CT of Breast Tumors (1998)

hCT proved to have a high diagnostic efficacy in evaluating breast tumors. Even though it involves some exposure to radiation, it should be considered in patients in whom MR is contraindicated.
The chromophore structure of the long-lived intermediate of the C128T channelrhodopsin-2 variant (2011)

The photocycle of the light-activated channel, channelrhodopsin-2 C128T, has been studied by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy focussing on the intermediates P380 and P353 that constitute a side pathway in the recovery of the parent state. The P353 species displays a UV-vis absorption spectrum with a fine-structure reminiscent of the reduced-retro form of bacteriorhodopsin, whereas the respective RR spectra differ substantially. Instead, the RR spectra of the P380/P353 intermediate couple are closely related to that of a free retinal in the all-trans configuration. These findings imply that the parent state recovery via P380/P353 involves the transient hydrolysis and re-formation of the retinal-protein linkage.
Synthesis of Aligned Arrays of Ultrathin ZnO Nanotubes on a Si Wafer Coated with a Thin ZnO Film (2005)

Aligned arrays of ultrathin, high-quality ZnO nanotubes (see Figure) have been synthesized via hydrothermal growth methods on Si that has been pre-coated with a thin film of ZnO. The nanorods are single-crystalline, with typical wall thicknesses and outer diameters of 5–15 and 20–40 nm, respectively. Annealing the arrays in vacuum causes enhancement of UV photoluminescence. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c0726_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles of Layered Compounds with Hollow Cage Structures (Inorganic Fullerene‐Like Structures) (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.