gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Mycobacterial Antigens Delivered by Genetically Detoxified<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Adenylate Cyclase by T Cells from Cattle with Bovine Tuberculosis (2004)

The exponential increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in cattle over the last two decades in the British national herd constitutes a significant economic problem. Therefore, research efforts are under way to develop cattle tuberculosis vaccines and specific diagnostic reagents to allow the distinction of vaccinated from infected animals. Mycobacterial antigens like ESAT-6 and CFP10 allow this distinction. This study investigates whether fusion protein of ESAT-6 or CFP10 with genetically detoxified Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) are recognized by Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle more effectively than conventional recombinant proteins are, thus enhancing sensitivity or reducing the amount of antigens required. By measuring the frequencies of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing cells, we were able to show that the presentation of CFP10 as a CyaA fusion protein enhanced the molecular efficiency of its recognition 20-fold, while the recognition of ESAT-6 was not improved by CyaA delivery. Furthermore, in the whole-blood IFN-gamma test currently used in the field, the delivery of CFP10 and ESAT-6 by fusion to CyaA increased the amount of IFN-gamma produced and hence the proportion of infected animals responding to CFP10. The improved T-cell recognition of CyaA336/CFP10 was found to be dependent upon interaction with CD11b. In addition, presentation of CyaA336/CFP10 to CD4+ T cells was chloroquine sensitive, and CFP10 delivery by CyaA resulted in its accelerated presentation to T cells. In conclusion, the use of CyaA fusion proteins with ESAT-6 and CFP10 has the potential to improve the sensitivity of immunodiagnostic tests detecting bovine tuberculosis in cattle.
IMGT Locus on Focus (1998)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http:/(/)imgt.cnusc.fr:8104) is an integrated database specialising in immunoglobulins (Ig), T-cell receptors (TcR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of all vertebrate species, created by Marie-Paule Lefranc, CNRS, Montpellier II University, Montpellier, France (lefranc@ligm.crbm.cnrs-mop.fr). IMGT includes three databases: LIGM-DB for Ig and TcR, MHC/HLA-DB, and PRIMER-DB (the last two in development). The new section of Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics, 'IMGT locus on focus', will give the more updated and extensive overview of the current status of the different Ig, TcR and MHC genes in IMGT, with standardization of gene nomenclature, functionality, and allele polymorphism according to the IMGT rules and unique numbering.
Glyco-Stripping and Glyco-Swapping (2006)

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sugar moiety from an activated donor to an acceptor and thus play important roles in natural product biogenesis, virulence, and biomolecular recognition. Sugars are often critical for bioactivity of natural products, and methodologies for creating diverse glycoforms of these compounds are highly desirable. A recent study demonstrates that several GTs involved in natural product biosynthesis catalyze reversible reactions. Sugar exchange and aglycon exchange strategies were used to exploit this reversibility to generate >70 calicheamicin analogues.
Chapter 3. Reaction mechanisms. Part (iii) Free-radical reactions (1995)

S. Caddick and K. Jenkins, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1995, 92, 51 DOI: 10.1039/OC9959200051
Characterization of Electrode Fouling and Surface Regeneration for a Platinum Electrode on an Electrophoresis Microchip (2003)

A method of electrochemically cleaning noble metal electrodes is presented and characterized for electrophoresis microchips with electrochemical detection. First, the loss of sensitivity due to electrode fouling by serotonin is characterized as a function of injection number and analyte concentration. Signal attenuation is observed to be greater at high concentrations (100 microM) and negligible at very low concentrations (approximately 1 microM). Next, an electrochemical treatment procedure is optimized to yield sensitive and reproducible amperometric detection of the highly adsorptive compounds, serotonin and histamine. Thus, the performance of the electrode is reproducibly regenerated following as much as a approximately 99% reduction in surface activity. Utilizing the optimized three-level waveform, derived from that used for pulsed amperometric detection, detection limits as low as 78 nM and 17 microM have been obtained for serotonin and histamine, respectively. In the case of serotonin, this represents the lowest detection limit for a neurotransmitter by microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection and the first report of amperometric detection of histamine detection at an unmodified platinum electrode. Repeated use of the electrode and application of electrochemical treatment did not appear to measurably affect the noise, longevity, metal adhesion, or physical appearance of the electrode.
Cholinergic/GABAergic interaction in the production of EEG theta oscillations in rat hippocampal formation in vitro (1996)

The generation of EEG theta rhythm (RSA) in the hippocampal formation is a prime example of rhythmic activity involving central mechanisms of oscillation and synchrony. Cholinergic nature of the in vitro and in vivo induced RSA has been undoubtedly established. Recently, we have demonstrated in vitro that the hippocampal formation theta rhythm resulted from interaction between the cholinergic and GABAergic systems. In the present study we have provided additional in vitro evidence that the hippocampal GABA-A receptors are actively involved in the mechanism of theta production. Specifically, we demonstrated that bicuculline-GABA-A antagonist significantly augmented carbachol induced theta response increasing amplitude and power of rhythmical slow waves. In separate experiments the carbachol+bicuculline induced RSA were studied in the presence of muscarinic M1 and M2 antagonists--pirenzepine and gallamine (respectively) and GABA-A agonist--muscimol. Both pirenzepine and muscimol antagonized induced theta oscillations and gallamine was found to be completely ineffective in blocking this EEG response. The results provided evidence for M1 cholinergic/GABA-Aergic interaction in mechanisms responsible for theta production.
Mechanism of the Electrodeposition of Zinc Alloys Containing a Small Amount of Cobalt (1981)

Corrosion resistant Zn‐Co alloys were electrodeposited on the steel sheet cathode from an acid galvanizing bath containing a small amount of cobalt sulfate. Under most of the plating conditions studied, the anomalous codeposition and, hence, the preferential deposition of electrochemically less noble Zn occurred. The electrodeposition process of the alloy including the Zn hydroxide formation resulting from the rise in pH in the vicinity of the cathode was estimated by electrochemical and spectroscopic studies.
Single-chip wireless microsystems for multichannel neural biopotential recording. (2005)

This project has developed single-chip low-power wireless microsystems, fabricated using a 1.5-mum double-poly double-metal n-well standard CMOS process, that can be used with micromachined recording microelectrode arrays for interfacing with the nervous system at the cellular level in unrestrained biological hosts. In particular, an ultralight 2-channel hybrid backpack telemeter is developed for muscle biopotential recording in small insects. It dissipates 2mW of power from a 3-V power supply, weighing only 0.74g (including two miniature batteries) that is light enough to be carried by air-borne moths. This system has been successfully employed for wireless <italic>in vivo</italic> recording of EMG biopotentials in a male giant sphinx moth <italic>Manduca Sexta</italic> over a transmission range of ∼2m. Two wireless battery-powered recording systems-on-a-chip (SOC) for multichannel neural interfacing have been developed that combine ac amplification, dc baseline stabilization, clock generation, time-division multiplexing, and wireless FM transmission of muV- and mV-range input biopotentials on chips interfaced with only three off-chip components. The 4-channel recording device measures 1.7 x 1.2 x 0.16cm<super>3</super> and weighs 1.1g including two miniature batteries whereas the 8-channel recording system measures 2.1 x 2.1 x 0.16cm<super>3</super> and weighs 2.2g. They dissipate <2.2mW from a 3-V power supply, which is the lowest total power consumption yet reported. The systems electrical characteristics have been fully characterized via benchtop and <italic>in vitro</italic> tests in saline using two different neural recording microelectrodes. Successful single-channel wireless <italic>in vivo</italic> recordings of neural activity in the auditory cortex of an awake marmoset monkey have been performed at 96.2MHz at several transmission ranges up to 0.5m with measured SNR >8.4dB. Finally, a telemetry command receiver integrated with a multichannel neural recording transmitter is developed for wireless site selection and site monitoring within a 4.6 x 4.6-mm<super>2</super> bi-directional biotelemetry chip. The receiver is designed to select seven recording sites from a total of 28 available sites according to four pre-defined site selection patterns and to perform power management via a 1-MHz Manchester-encoded ASK link. Detailed system simulation results together with preliminary measurement results from a fabricated prototype receiver are presented.
Liposome‐encapsulated OK‐432 specifically and sustainedly induces hepatic natural killer cells and intermediate T cell receptor cells (2000)

Because it has been shown that both NK and intTCR cells play an important role in tumour immunity, an increase in the number of such cells can be considered likely to have an increased antitumour effect. Encapsulated OK-432 elicited liver-specific augmentation of cytotoxic activity and the effect was more persistent than that produced by OK-432 given in the conventional form; therefore, it may be useful for the treatment of tumours, particularly those arising in the liver.
Corrosion Performance of Welded CRA-Lined Pipes for Flowlines (1992)

Summary This paper presents the results of corrosion and mechanical testing of welded high-nickel, corrosion-resistant-alloy (CRA)-lined pipes manufactured using various lining processes. The corrosion resistance of CRA-lined pipes for use as a flowline material in sour service was evaluated. The effects of the manufacturing process, CRA lining material, and welding on the corrosion performance of CRA-lined pipes also were determined.
Vector Development for the Expression of Foreign Proteins in the Vaccine Strain<i>Brucella abortus</i>S19 (1998)

A vector for the expression of foreign antigens in the vaccine strain Brucella abortus S19 was developed by using a DNA fragment containing the regulatory sequences and the signal peptide of the Brucella bcsp31 gene. This fragment was cloned in broad-host-range plasmid pBBR4MCS, resulting in plasmid pBEV. As a reporter protein, a repetitive antigen of Trypanosoma cruzi was used. The recombinant fusion protein is stably expressed and secreted into the Brucella periplasmic space, inducing a good antibody response against the T. cruzi antigen. The expression of the repetitive antigen in Brucella neither altered its growth pattern nor generated a toxic or lethal effect during experimental infection. The application of this strategy for the generation of live recombinant vaccines and the tagging of B. abortus S19 vaccine is discussed. This is the first time that a recombinant protein has been expressed in the periplasm of brucellae.
miR-205 is frequently downregulated in prostate cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting tumor growth (2013)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of microRNA-205 (miR-205) as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa). In the present study, microRNA microarray analysis suggested that the expression of miR-205 was significantly decreased in advanced PCa compared with early PCa. Real-time PCR analysis also indicated that miR-205 expression was significantly decreased in PCa tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, the expression of miR-205 has been demonstrated to be associated with the clinicopathological stage and total/free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of PCa. Functional analyses showed that both the overexpression of miR-205 and the knockdown of c-SRC in PCa cell lines could inhibit cell growth, colony formation, migration, invasion and the cell cycle as well as induce cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, over-expressing miR-205 reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Through a luciferase activity assay and Western blotting, c-SRC was identified as a target of miR-205 in cells. The overexpression of miR-205 suppressed c-SRC and its downstream signaling molecules, including FAK, p-FAK, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2, and attenuated cell proliferation, invasion and tumor growth.
CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cell Cross-Priming via Transfer of Proteasome Substrates (2004)

"Cross-priming" describes the activation of naïve CD8+ T cells by professional antigen-presenting cells that have acquired viral or tumor antigens from "donor" cells. Antigen transfer is believed to be mediated by donor cell-derived molecular chaperones bearing short peptide ligands generated by proteasome degradation of protein antigens. We show here that cross-priming is based on the transfer of proteasome substrates rather than peptides. These findings are potentially important for the rational design of vaccines that elicit CD8+ T cell responses.
A hybrid silicon carbide differential amplifier for 350 degrees C operation (1993)

An operational amplifier has been designed, fabricated, and tested at 350 degrees C using silicon carbide MESFET pairs and thick-film hybrid technology. The amplifier was successfully tested over the temperature range of 25-350 degrees C. The gain of the amplifier was greater than 60 dB, the common-mode rejection ratio was greater than 55 dB, and the offset voltage varied from 139 to 159 mV over the entire temperature range. The results demonstrate the feasibility of high-temperature circuit design and assembly using this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antibacterial Activities of Plant Essential Oils and Their Components against <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> in Apple Juice (2004)

We evaluated 17 plant essential oils and nine oil compounds for antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juices in a bactericidal assay in terms of % of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA(50)). The 10 compounds most active against E. coli (60 min BA(50) range in clear juice, 0.018-0.093%) were carvacrol, oregano oil, geraniol, eugenol, cinnamon leaf oil, citral, clove bud oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon bark oil, and lemon oil. The corresponding compounds against S. enterica (BA(50) range, 0.0044-0.011%) were Melissa oil, carvacrol, oregano oil, terpeineol, geraniol, lemon oil, citral, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and linalool. The activity (i) was greater for S. enterica than for E. coli, (ii) increased with incubation temperature and storage time, and (iii) was not affected by the acidity of the juices. The antibacterial agents could be divided into two classes: fast-acting and slow-acting. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the bactericidal results are related to the composition of the oils. These studies provide information about new ways to protect apple juice and other foods against human pathogens.
Genetic analysis of chromosomal mutations in the polysialic acid gene cluster of Escherichia coli K1 (1989)

The kps gene cluster of Escherichia coli K1 encodes functions for sialic acid synthesis, activation, polymerization, and possibly translocation of polymer to the cell surface. The size and complexity of this membrane polysaccharide biosynthetic cluster have hindered genetic mapping and functional descriptions of the kps genes. To begin a detailed investigation of the polysialic acid synthetic mechanism, acapsular mutants were characterized to determine their probable defects in polymer synthesis. The mutants were tested for complementation with kps fragments subcloned from two separately isolated, functionally intact kps gene clusters. Complementation was assayed by immunological and biochemical methods and by sensitivity to the K1-specific bacteriophage K1F. The kps cluster consisted of a central 5.8-kilobase region that contained at least two genes coding for sialic acid synthetic enzymes, a gene encoding the sialic acid-activating enzyme, and a gene encoding the sialic acid polymerase. This biosynthetic region is flanked on one side by an approximately 2.8-kilobase region that contains a potential regulatory locus and at least one structural gene for a polypeptide that appears to function in polysialic acid assembly. Flanking the biosynthetic region on the opposite side is a 6- to 8.4-kilobase region that codes for at least three proteins which may also function in polymer assembly and possibly in translocating polymer to the outer cell surface. Results of transduction crosses supported these conclusions and indicated that some of the kps genes flanking the central biosynthetic region may not function directly in transporting polymer to the cell surface. The results also demonstrate that the map position and probable function of most of the kps cluster genes have been identified.
Logical Partitioning without Architectural Supports (2008)

As a method for running multiple operating systems on one machine, we propose a new resource partitioning method we have named "single hardware with independent multiple operating systems" (SHIMOS). In SHIMOS, CPU and memory resources are partitioned by multiple native kernels without any architectural virtualization supports. There is nearly no slowdown, unlike VMs, because the kernel and user programs are executed directly by the real CPUs. To evaluate our method, we compare an implementation on x86 with VMs by running benchmarks simultaneously. From this comparison, we show that the method proposed is as fast as a real machine, and that it can be twice as fast as the existing VM method in executing I/O- oriented processes.
Decreased Binding to Proteins and Cells of Polymeric Gene Delivery Vectors Surface Modified with a Multivalent Hydrophilic Polymer and Retargeting through Attachment of Transferrin (2000)

Binding of serum proteins to polyelectrolyte gene delivery complexes is thought to be an important factor limiting bloodstream circulation and restricting access to target tissues. Protein binding can also inhibit transfection activity in vitro. In this study a multivalent reactive hydrophilic polymer has been used to inhibit protein binding. This polymer is based on poly-[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (pHPMA) bearing pendent oligopeptide (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly) side chains terminated in reactive 4-nitrophenoxy groups (8.6 mol%). The polymer reacts with the primary amino groups of poly(L-lysine) (pLL) and produces a hydrophilic coating on the surface of pLL.DNA complexes (as measured by fluorescamine). The resulting pHPMA-coated complexes show a decreased surface charge (from +14 mV for pLL.DNA complexes to -25 mV for pHPMA-modified complexes) as measured by zeta potential analysis. The pHPMA-coated complexes also show a slightly increased average diameter (approximately 90 nm compared with 60 nm for pLL. DNA complexes) as viewed by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy and around 100 nm as viewed by photon correlation spectroscopy. They are completely resistant to protein interaction, as determined by turbidometry and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of complexes isolated from plasma, and show significantly decreased nonspecific uptake into cells in vitro. Spare reactive ester groups can be used to conjugate targeting ligands (e.g. transferrin) on to the surface of the complex to provide a means of tissue-specific targeting and transfection. The properties of these complexes therefore make them promising candidates for targeted gene delivery, both in vitro and potentially in vivo.
HA-Buffer: Coherent Hashing for single-pass A-buffer (2013)

Identifying all the surfaces projecting into a pixel has several important applications in Computer Graphics, such as transparency and CSG. These applications further require ordering, in each pixel, the surfaces by their distance to the viewer. In real-time rendering engines, this is often achieved by recording sorted lists of the fragments produced by the rasterization pipeline. The major challenge is that the number of fragments is not known in advance. This results in computational and memory overheads due to the necessary dynamic nature of the data-structure. Similarly, many fragments which are not useful for the final image--due to opacity accumulation for instance--have to be stored and sorted nonetheless, negatively impacting performance. This paper proposes a novel approach which records and simultaneously sorts all fragments in a single geometry pass. The storage overhead per fragment is typically lower than 8 bits per record, and no pointers are involved. Since fragments are progressively sorted in memory, it is possible to assess during rendering whether a new fragment is useful. Our approach combines advantages of previous approaches at similar levels of performance, and is implemented in a single fragment shader of 24 lines of GLSL.
Action of Steroidal Diamines on Active Transport and Permeability Properties of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1968)

The steroidal diamine irehdiamine A (IDA) is a potent inhibitor of bacteriophage growth and macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli. By using radioactive (42)K and (14)C-thiomethylgalactoside (TMG), rapid effects of IDA and related steroids, both on the influx of potassium and TMG via their respective transport systems and on the efflux (leakage) of radioactivity from the treated cells, have been measured. IDA affects both the influx and efflux of (42)K at concentrations of steroid as low as 2 x 10(-5)m. Because of the increased leakage, it is not possible to tell whether there is a direct effect reducing the rate of active transport of potassium. The primary diamine, IDA, and its bis-secondary, bis-tertiary, and bis-quaternary diamine analogues are decreasingly effective in altering cell permeability properties in the order 1 degrees > 2 degrees > 3 degrees > 4 degrees . The effects of IDA on potassium transport are mirrored by similar effects on the transport of TMG. Therefore, the action of IDA is on the cell membrane and not directly on one or another transport system. The effects of IDA on cell permeability can reasonably explain the inhibitory actions of the drugs on bacteriophage growth and cellular metabolism.