gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fructan and its relationship to abiotic stress tolerance in plants (2009)

Numerous studies have been published that attempted to correlate fructan concentrations with freezing and drought tolerance. Studies investigating the effect of fructan on liposomes indicated that a direct interaction between membranes and fructan was possible. This new area of research began to move fructan and its association with stress beyond mere correlation by confirming that fructan has the capacity to stabilize membranes during drying by inserting at least part of the polysaccharide into the lipid headgroup region of the membrane. This helps prevent leakage when water is removed from the system either during freezing or drought. When plants were transformed with the ability to synthesize fructan, a concomitant increase in drought and/or freezing tolerance was confirmed. These experiments indicate that besides an indirect effect of supplying tissues with hexose sugars, fructan has a direct protective effect that can be demonstrated by both model systems and genetic transformation.
Thermorheological effects of long-chain branching in entangled polymer melts (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermorheological effects of long-chain branching in entangled polymer meltsJ. M. Carella, J. T. Gotro, and W. W. GraessleyCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 659–667Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specific Emitter Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network-Based IQ Imbalance Estimators (2019)

Specific Emitter Identification is the association of a received signal to a unique emitter, and is made possible by the naturally occurring and unintentional characteristics an emitter imparts onto each transmission, known as its radio frequency fingerprint. This paper presents an approach for identifying emitters using convolutional neural networks to estimate the inphase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance parameters of each emitter, using only the received raw IQ data as input. Because an emitter's IQ imbalance parameters will not change as it changes modulation schemes, the proposed approach has the ability to track emitters, even as they change the modulation scheme. The performance of the developed approach is evaluated using simulated quadrature amplitude modulation and phase-shift keying signals, and the impact of signal-to-noise ratio, imbalance value, and modulation scheme are considered. Furthermore, the developed approach is shown to outperform a comparable feature-based approach, while making fewer assumptions and using fewer data per decision.
Three-dimensional Electrocardiographically Gated Variable Flip Angle FSE Imaging for MR Angiography of the Hands at 3.0 T: Initial Experience (2009)

After institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant investigation, a three-dimensional electrocardiographically gated variable flip angle (VFA) fast spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) angiography technique was evaluated as an unenhanced method for imaging hand arteries in 13 subjects (including four patients) at 3.0 T; this included evaluation of vessel visualization with warming and cooling in seven subjects. Examinations were evaluated for image quality and vessel conspicuity. Clear separation of arteries from veins was achieved in all subjects, with excellent vessel conspicuity and depiction of stenoses. Warming improved vessel visualization in healthy volunteers. VFA MR angiography is a high-spatial-resolution technique that enables the assessment of vascular reactivity in response to temperature challenge.
A Robust Watermarking Technique for Digital Audio (2005)

In this paper we have presented a robust watermarking procedure for digital audio. The procedure embeds a watermark imperceptibly in the time domain exploiting the temporal and simultaneous masking properties of the human auditory system (HAS). The spectral characterization of the audio is done using the short time Fourier transform (STFT), which provides a better description of non-stationary signals when compared to using the discrete Fourier transform. The watermark is a perceptually shaped pseudorandom sequence, which is used to modify the audio samples. The original audio is not required during the extraction of the watermark, except when the audio signal is subjected to cropping attack. The watermarking procedure exhibits resilience towards several audio distortions occurring from MPEG 1 Layer 3 coding, colored noise, cropping, temporal resampling and jittering.
Multiple-wavelength diode laser superarray (1990)

A monolithic array of four diode laser arrays operating at four widely separated wavelengths over a 30 nm bandwidth is demonstrated. The multiple-wavelength superarray is fabricated from GaAs/AlGaAs separate-confinement laser material in which the thickness of the single-quantum-well active layer is laterally graded to control its effective bandgap. Lateral thickness control is achieved by using laser-induced desorption to selectively thin the epitaxial layer during the MOCVD growth cycle. Transmission electron microscopy is used to demonstrate the variation of the quantum-well thickness from approximately 8 to 13 nm across the 1- mu m-long chip as a result of the desorption. Individually addressable subarrays containing 10 gainguided emitters are defined after growth by conventional proton bombardment and localized metallization. Optical performance characteristics of the superarray are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MRI-coupled spectrally resolved fluorescence tomography for in vivo imaging (2008)

A unique fluorescence imaging system incorporates multi-channel spectrometer-based optical detection directly into clinical MRI for simultaneous MR and spectrally-resolved fluorescence tomography acquisition in small animal and human breast-sized volumes. A custom designed MRI rodent coil adapted to accommodate optical fibers in a circular geometry for contact mode acquisition provides small animal imaging capabilities, and human breast-sized volumes are imaged using a clinical breast coil modified with an optical fiber patient array. Spectroscopy fibers couple light emitted from the tissue surface to sixteen highly sensitive CCD-based spectrometers operating in parallel. Tissue structural information obtained from standard and contrast enhanced T1-weighted images is used to spatially constrain the diffuse fluorescence tomography reconstruction algorithm, improving fluorescence imaging capabilities qualitatively and quantitatively. Simultaneous acquisition precludes the use of complex co-registration processes. Calibration procedures for the optical acquisition system are reviewed and the imaging limits of the system are investigated in homogeneous and heterogeneous gelatin phantoms containing Indocyanine Green (ICG). Prior knowledge of fluorescence emission spectra is used to de-couple fluorescence emission from residual excitation laser cross-talk. Preliminary in vivo data suggests improved fluorescence imaging in mouse brain tumors using MR-derived spatial priors. U-251 human gliomas were implanted intracranially into nude mice and combined contrast enhanced MRI/fluorescence tomography acquisition was completed at 24 hour intervals over the course of 72 hours after administration of an EGFR targeted NIR fluorophore. Reconstructed images demonstrate an inability to recover reasonable images of fluorescence activity without the use of MRI spatial priors.
Growth Factors and Insulin Stimulate Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the 51C/SHIP2 Protein (1998)

Antibodies raised against the 51C/SHIP2 inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase were used to examine the effects of growth factors and insulin on the metabolism of this protein. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the 51C/SHIP2 protein was widely expressed in fibroblast and nonhematopoietic tumor cell lines, unlike the SHIP protein, which was found only in cell lines of hematopoietic origin. The 51C/SHIP2 antiserum precipitated a protein of approximately 145 kDa along with an activity which hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the 51C/SHIP2 protein occurred in response to treatment of cells with epidermal growth (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), or insulin. EGF and PDGF induced transient tyrosine phosphorylation of 51C/SHIP2, with maximal tyrosine phosphorylation occurring at 5-10 min following treatment and returning to near basal levels within 20 min. In contrast, treatment of cells with NGF, IGF-1, or insulin resulted in prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation of 51C/SHIP2 protein, with 40-80% maximal phosphorylation sustained for up to 2 h following agonist treatment. The kinetics of activation of the Akt/PKB protein kinase by the various factors correlated well with the kinetics of tyrosine phosphorylation of 51C/SHIP2. EGF, NGF, and PDGF stimulated the association of 51C/SHIP2 protein with the Shc adapter protein; however, no Shc could be detected in 51C/SHIP2-immune precipitates from cells treated with IGF-1 or insulin. The data suggest that 51C/SHIP2 may play a significant role in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase signaling by growth factors and insulin.
CO<sub>2</sub> laser urethroplasty in the rabbit: A preclinical model (1992)

Our previous work has shown that the CO2 laser can be successfully used in urethral reconstruction in a rat model. This new experiment investigates the use of the CO2 laser to perform a patch graft urethroplasty in the rabbit, as a preclinical model to its use in the repair of hypospadias in humans. Using sterile technique, a patch graft of preputial skin was welded in the repair of a standardized urethral defect in 10 rabbits. In another cohort, the same urethral defect was repaired using standard microsuture technique. In a control group the patch graft was placed with microsuture in a nonwatertight fashion. All animals were followed for 3 weeks. Histologic and radiologic analyses were done in a blinded fashion. Our study showed that CO2 laser repair, when compared to microsuture in urethral reconstruction, required 40% less operative time and produced better graft healing and less intraluminal scarring.
Processing tree point clouds using Gaussian Mixture Models (2013)

Abstract. While traditionally used for surveying and photogrammetric fields, laser scanning is increasingly being used for a wider range of more general applications. In addition to the issues typically associated with processing point data, such applications raise a number of new complications, such as the complexity of the scenes scanned, along with the sheer volume of data. Consequently, automated procedures are required for processing, and analysing such data. This paper introduces a method for modelling multi-modal, geometrically complex objects in terrestrial laser scanning point data; specifically, the modelling of trees. The model method comprises a number of geometric features in conjunction with a multi-modal machine learning technique. The model can then be used for contextually dependent region growing through separating the tree into its component part at the point level. Subsequently object analysis can be performed, for example, performing volumetric analysis of a tree by removing points associated with leaves. The workflow for this process is as follows: isolate individual trees within the scanned scene, train a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), separate clusters within the mixture model according to exemplar points determined by the GMM, grow the structure of the tree, and then perform volumetric analysis on the structure.
Electrophysiologic Effects of a Calcium Sensitizer Inotrope Levosimendan Administered Intravenously in Patients with Normal Cardiac Function (2000)

Provocation of fatal cardiac arrhythmias has limited the use of inotropic agents as heart failure therapy. Calcium sensitization of the myofilaments might increase inotropy without influencing cardiac electrophysiology unless modified by ancillary properties of the drugs. Electrophysiologic effects of a calcium sensitizer inotrope levosimendan were examined in short-term intravenous administration in humans. Variables were determined in 10 patients with normal cardiac function during a preceding control phase and levosimendan infusion yielding a high therapeutic concentration of 110 (+/-22) microg/L. Levosimendan increased heart rate by 9 beats/min (p < 0.01) on average and shortened the sinus node recovery time and AH interval. At the tested cycle lengths, levosimendan shortened the effective refractory periods in the atrioventricular node by 40-63 ms (p < 0.05), in the atrium by 22-33 ms (p < 0.001), and in the ventricle by 5-9 ms (p < 0.005) on average. Levosimendan increased ventricular monophasic action potential duration by 9-17 ms at 50% (p < 0.001) and by 5-15 ms (p = 0.07) at 90% levels of repolarization on average. The QT interval during spontaneous rhythm and atrial pacing remained unchanged although increased slightly when corrected to sinus rate (p < 0.001). The observations indicate that levosimendan in short-term administration facilitates impulse formation and conduction in cardiac slow-response tissue, enhances recovery of excitability in the myocardium, and may delay ventricular repolarization. The effects on the ventricle were not substantial, and therefore the likelihood of provoking serious cardiac arrhythmias is not estimated to be high.
Numbers and Ratios of Visual Pigment Genes for Normal Red-Green Color Vision (1995)

Red-green color vision is based on middle-wavelength- and long-wavelength-sensitive visual pigments encoded by an array of genes on the X chromosome. The numbers and ratios of genes in this cluster were reexamined in men with normal color vision by means of newly refined methods. These methods revealed that many men had more pigment genes on the X chromosome than had previously been suggested and that many had more than one long-wave pigment gene. These discoveries challenge accepted ideas that are the foundation for theories of normal and anomalous color vision.
[Changes in isolated ciliary muscle caused by repeated instillation of carbachol ointment in rabbits and effect of topically applied amlexanox]. (2000)

We found that continual contraction of the ciliary muscle caused functional and histological changes in it. These changes are thought to occur in some diseases which cause excessive contraction of the ciliary muscle. Topical amlexanox might be useful for these diseases.
Requirements for optimization of electrodes and electrolyte for the iron/chromium redox flow cell (1981)

The iron/chromium redox flow cell has become an attractive system for bulk energy storage application. Earlier investigations at Giner, Inc. had established that the solubility and stability of aqueous acidic solution of Cr(II) and Cr(III) chlorides are sufficient for redox applications and had resulted in a number of findings which have enhanced the attractiveness of the Cr(III)/Cr(II) vs. Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cell. The discovery of gold/lead combination electrocatalyst has proved to be the only system to date that provides a high activity for Cr(III)/CR(II) redox reaction and very high hydrogen overvoltage. A combination of gold and lead deposited on porous carbon felt structure provided a practical electrode for the Cr side for the redox flow cell. Improved catalyzation techniques were developed that included a pretreatment of carbon substrate and provided normalized carbon surface for uniform gold deposition. This permitted to efficiently use different batches of carbon felt materials which initially vary significantly in their physical and surface chemical properties, as well as their electrochemical behavior. Further modifications of gold impregnation technique (an alcohol assisted technique) gave to date the best performing electrodes. In addition to the liner sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry has been used to determine the effects of different activation procedures on the Cr(III)/Cr(II) redox and H/sub 2/ evolution reactions. Attempts are made to identify the roles of carbon, gold and lead in the overall redox cycle. The behavior of the electrodes at both normal battery operating potentials and more extreme potentials is discussed with the implications for preparing efficient and stable electrodes for the energy storag battery.
Joint spatio-spectral based edge detection for multispectral infrared imagery (2010)

Image segmentation is one of the most important and difficult tasks in digital image processing. It represents a key stage of automated image analysis and interpretation. Segmentation algorithms for gray-scale images utilize basic properties of intensity values such as discontinuity and similarity. However, it is possible to enhance edge-detection capability by means of using spectral information provided by multispectral (MS) or hyperspectral (HS) imagery. In this paper we consider image segmentation algorithms for multispectral images with particular emphasis on detection of multi-color or multispectral edges. More specifically, we report on an algorithm for joint spatio-spectral (JSS) edge detection. By joint we mean simultaneous utilization of spatial and spectral characteristics of a given MS or HS image. The JSSbased edge-detection approach, termed Spectral Ratio Contrast (SRC) edge-detection algorithm, utilizes the novel concept of matching edge signatures. The edge signature represents a combination of spectral ratios calculated using bands that enhance the spectral contrast between the two materials. In conjunction with a spatial mask, the edge signature give rise to a multispectral operator that can be viewed as a threedimensional extension of the mask. In the extended mask, the third (spectral) dimension of each hyper-pixel can be chosen independently. The SRC is verified using MS and HS imagery from a quantum-dot in a well infrared (IR) focal plane array, and the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager.
Immune Monitoring of Cancer Patients Prior to and During CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Treatment (2018)

Targeting the immune checkpoint receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) represents a very attractive treatment modality for tumor patients. The administration of antibodies against these receptors can promote efficient antitumor effects and can induce objective clinical responses in about 20-40% patients with various tumor types, accompanied by improved survival. Based on their therapeutic efficiency, several antibodies have been approved for the treatment of tumor patients. However, many patients do not respond to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers is required to guide patient selection for this treatment modality. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating the PD-L1 expression or mutational load of tumor tissues as well as the frequency and phenotype of immune cells in tumor patients prior to and during CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment.
In Vivo Characterization of High Basal Signaling from the Ghrelin Receptor (2009)

The receptor for the orexigenic peptide, ghrelin, is one of the most constitutively active 7TM receptors known, as demonstrated under in vitro conditions. Change in expression of a constitutively active receptor is associated with change in signaling independent of the endogenous ligand. In the following study, we found that the expression of the ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus was up-regulated approximately 2-fold in rats both during 48-h fasting and by streptozotocin-induced hyperphagia. In a separate experiment, to probe for the effect of the high basal signaling of the ghrelin receptor in vivo, we used intracerebroventricular administration by osmotic pumps of a peptide [D-Arg(1), D-Phe(5), D-Trp(7,9), Leu(11)]-substance P. This peptide selectively displays inverse agonism at the ghrelin receptor as compared with an inactive control peptide with just a single amino acid substitution. Food intake and body weight were significantly decreased in the group of rats treated with the inverse agonist, as compared with the groups treated with the control peptide or the vehicle. In the hypothalamus, the expression of neuropeptide Y and uncoupling protein 2 was decreased by the inverse agonist. In a hypothalamic cell line that endogenously expresses the ghrelin receptor, we observed high basal activity of the cAMP response element binding protein, an important signaling transduction pathway for appetite regulation. The activation was further increased by ghrelin administration and decreased by administration of the inverse agonist. It is suggested that the high constitutive signaling activity is important for the in vivo function of the ghrelin receptor in the control of food intake and body weight.
Characterization of a Tranceiving Antenna Concept for Microwave Heating and Thermometry of Superficial Tumors - Abstract (1998)

A tranceiving printed circuit antenna concept, intended to be used for simultaneous heating and thermometry in hyperthermia therapy, is introduced and experimentally investigated in a liquid phantom. Two important questions have been addressed. First, optimum antenna design related to the depth-of-sensitivity and lateral beam width for microwave radiometry detection of subcutaneous objects. Second, optimum antenna design aimed at producing large area hyperthermia at superficial depth. Due to the nature of the problem, it is not possible to optimize one antenna configuration design to meet both these criteria. Instead an integrated dual antenna concept, consisting of one transmitting and one receiving antenna, is proposed. By means of a scanning electric field probe the radiated electric field distribution (E2) was measured for the concept in a homogeneous lossy medium. The measurements were further parameterized in terms of four performance indices defined in this work. A microstrip spiral antenna is shown to be appropriate for thermometry in the frequency range from 1400 MHz to 2400 MHz. For microwave heating we propose a microstrip coplanar grounded ring antenna. Analysis reveals that this antenna has the ability to produce effective radiation out to the periphery of the aperture. Due to the integration of both antennas onto thin and flexible printed circuit board substrate, the tranceiving device is both lightweight and conformable. From the analyses we conclude that the concept has the potential of being an effective building block of larger array systems, for noninvasive thermometry and cancer treatment of large superficial tissue regions.