gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient scalar product protocol and its privacy-preserving application (2015)

Scalar product protocol aims at securely computing the dot product of two private vectors. As a basic tool, the protocol has been widely used in privacy preserving distributed collaborative computations. In this paper, at the expense of disclosing partial sum of some private data, we propose a linearly efficient even–dimension scalar product protocol (EDSPP) without employing expensive homomorphic crypto–system and any third party. The correctness and security of EDSPP are confirmed by theoretical analysis. In comparison with six most frequently–used schemes of scalar product protocol (to the best of our knowledge), the new scheme is the most efficient one, and it has good fairness. Simulated experiment results intuitively indicate the good performance of our scheme. Consequently, in the situations where divulging very limited information about private data is acceptable, EDSPP is an extremely competitive candidate secure primitive to achieve practical schemes of privacy preserving distributed cooperative computations. We also discuss the application of EDSPP, and present a secure distance comparison protocol based on EDSPP, which can be used in many privacy–preserving computations, such as privacy–preserving k–nearest neighbours computation. Additionally, a hybrid scheme is put forward to securely compute the scalar product of arbitrary–length private vectors.
A novel 3V, 7 mA PHEMT GaAs active MMIC mixer/LNA for wireless applications (2002)

A novel monolithic integrated active mixer/LNA utilizing advanced pseudomorphic GaAs FETs has been developed. RF frequency coverage is 900 MHz to 2400 MHz. The Mixer/LNA operates on a single 3 Volt supply at 7 mA. The mixer provides 4 dB conversion gain with a -10 dBm LO drive. The LNA provides a 1.6 dB noise figure and 14 dB gain. The die is packaged in the SSOP-16 plastic package to keep costs low. This is the only GaAs PHEMT active mixer/LNA known to provide such performance from such a small DC requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A fibre optical angular displacement transducer (1969)

A glass fibre optical device is described which measures the static or dynamic angular displacement of a body. Since it is non-contacting and also does not load the system in any way, the device is suitable for measuring torsional vibrations and/or the logarithmic decrement of torsional pendulums. A sensitivity of approximately 100 mv per degree was obtained over a range of ±4 degrees of rotation for a 2·54 cm (1 in) diameter shaft.
Efficient Visual Search for Objects in Videos (2008)

We describe an approach to generalize the concept of text-based search to nontextual information. In particular, we elaborate on the possibilities of retrieving objects or scenes in a movie with the ease, speed, and accuracy with which Google retrieves web pages containing particular words, by specifying the query as an image of the object or scene. In our approach, each frame of the video is represented by a set of viewpoint invariant region descriptors. These descriptors enable recognition to proceed successfully despite changes in viewpoint, illumination, and partial occlusion. Vector quantizing these region descriptors provides a visual analogy of a word, which we term a ldquovisual word.rdquo Efficient retrieval is then achieved by employing methods from statistical text retrieval, including inverted file systems, and text and document frequency weightings. The final ranking also depends on the spatial layout of the regions. Object retrieval results are reported on the full length feature films ldquoGroundhog Day,rdquo ldquoCharade,rdquo and ldquoPretty Woman,rdquo including searches from within the movie and also searches specified by external images downloaded from the Internet. We discuss three research directions for the presented video retrieval approach and review some recent work addressing them: 1) building visual vocabularies for very large-scale retrieval; 2) retrieval of 3-D objects; and 3) more thorough verification and ranking using the spatial structure of objects.
Detecting Large Biomolecules from High-Salt Solutions by Fused-Droplet Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2002)

A novel fused-droplet electrospray ionization (FD-ESI) source was developed to generate peptide and protein ions. The sample solution was first ultrasonically nebulized to form fine aerosols. The aerosols were then purged into a glass reaction chamber via nitrogen. Charged methanol droplets were continuously generated through electrospraying the acidic methanol solution from a capillary, which was located at the center of the reaction chamber. As the sample aerosols entered the reaction chamber, they fused with the charged methanol droplets from which electrospray proceeded continuously. The mass spectra of peptide and protein that FD-ESI-MS produced were practically identical to those that conventional ESI-MS produced. However, FD-ESI-MS resulted in an extremely high salt tolerance. Cytochrome c ions were detected in the solutions that contained 10% (w/w; 1.709 M) NaCl or 2.5% (425 mM) NaH2PO4. As with those obtained from the solution that lacked NaCl and NaH2PO4, the width of cytochrome c ion peaks remained nearly unchanged.
GAN-Control: Explicitly Controllable GANs (2021)

We present a framework for training GANs with explicit control over generated facial images. We are able to control the generated image by settings exact attributes such as age, pose, expression, etc. Most approaches for manipulating GAN-generated images achieve partial control by leveraging the latent space disentanglement properties, obtained implicitly after standard GAN training. Such methods are able to change the relative intensity of certain attributes, but not explicitly set their values. Recently proposed methods, designed for explicit control over human faces, harness morphable 3D face models (3DMM) to allow fine-grained control capabilities in GANs. Unlike these methods, our control is not constrained to 3DMM parameters and is extendable beyond the domain of human faces. Using contrastive learning, we obtain GANs with an explicitly disentangled latent space. This disentanglement is utilized to train control-encoders mapping human-interpretable inputs to suitable latent vectors, thus allowing explicit control. In the domain of human faces we demonstrate control over identity, age, pose, expression, hair color and illumination. We also demonstrate control capabilities of our framework in the domains of painted portraits and dog image generation. We demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Baud-rate data-aided timing recovery for digital magnetic recording systems with quadra-phase modulation code (1995)

Quadra-phase (QP) is a binary modulation code with desirable features for use in digital magnetic recording. The paper describes simple data-aided timing acquisition and tracking techniques for QP that do not involve any oversampling and automatically achieve word synchronization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
QoS-aware multicast balance tree routing algorithm on EPFTS (2007)

QoS-aware multicast routing is an important potential solution to provide quality of service (QoS) for next generation networks (NGN). We propose an approach, QoS-aware multicast balance tree (QMBT) routing algorithm that is suitable for high-speed backbone networks and guarantees the requirement of QoS. In this paper, the network preload distributing and call for success ratio are studied. The computational complexity of the QMBT algorithm also is analyzed. In addition to analysis, we test our approach also by way of simulations, and the simulation results show that our proposed QMBT algorithm identify the cost of building multicast tree with QoS is more suitable than those provided by alternative approaches and the load of the whole tree built by this approach is well balanced between paths in the multicast tree.
Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single‐voxel proton spectroscopy, two‐point dixon and three‐point IDEAL (2008)

Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured in 28 lean/obese humans by single-voxel proton spectroscopy (MRS), a two-point Dixon (2PD), and a three-point iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) method (3PI). For the lean, obese, and total subject groups, the range of HFF measured by MRS was 0.3-3.5% (1.1 +/- 1.4%), 0.3-41.5% (11.7 +/- 12.1), and 0.3-41.5% (10.1 +/- 11.6%), respectively. For the same groups, the HFF measured by 2PD was -6.3-2.2% (-2.0 +/- 3.7%), -2.4-42.9% (12.9 +/- 13.8%), and -6.3-42.9% (10.5 +/- 13.7%), respectively, and for 3PI they were 7.9-12.8% (10.1 +/- 2.0%), 11.1-49.3% (22.0 +/- 12.2%), and 7.9-49.3% (20.0 +/- 11.8%), respectively. The HFF measured by MRS was highly correlated with those measured by 2PD (r = 0.954, P < 0.001) and 3PI (r = 0.973, P < 0.001). With the MRS data as a reference, the percentages of correct differentiation between normal and fatty liver with the MRI methods ranged from 68-93% for 2PD and 64-89% for 3PI. Our study demonstrates that the apparent HFF measured by the MRI methods can significantly vary depending on the choice of water-fat separation methods and sequences. Such variability may limit the clinical application of the MRI methods, particularly when a diagnosis of early fatty liver needs to be performed. Therefore, protocol-specific establishment of cutoffs for liver fat content may be necessary.
Dynamic Large-Scale Chromosomal Rearrangements Fuel Rapid Adaptation in Yeast Populations (2013)

Large-scale genome rearrangements have been observed in cells adapting to various selective conditions during laboratory evolution experiments. However, it remains unclear whether these types of mutations can be stably maintained in populations and how they impact the evolutionary trajectories. Here we show that chromosomal rearrangements contribute to extremely high copper tolerance in a set of natural yeast strains isolated from Evolution Canyon (EC), Israel. The chromosomal rearrangements in EC strains result in segmental duplications in chromosomes 7 and 8, which increase the copy number of genes involved in copper regulation, including the crucial transcriptional activator CUP2 and the metallothionein CUP1. The copy number of CUP2 is correlated with the level of copper tolerance, indicating that increasing dosages of a single transcriptional activator by chromosomal rearrangements has a profound effect on a regulatory pathway. By gene expression analysis and functional assays, we identified three previously unknown downstream targets of CUP2: PHO84, SCM4, and CIN2, all of which contributed to copper tolerance in EC strains. Finally, we conducted an evolution experiment to examine how cells maintained these changes in a fluctuating environment. Interestingly, the rearranged chromosomes were reverted back to the wild-type configuration at a high frequency and the recovered chromosome became fixed in less selective conditions. Our results suggest that transposon-mediated chromosomal rearrangements can be highly dynamic and can serve as a reversible mechanism during early stages of adaptive evolution.
piRNA pathway targets active LINE1 elements to establish the repressive H3K9me3 mark in germ cells (2014)

Transposable elements (TEs) occupy a large fraction of metazoan genomes and pose a constant threat to genomic integrity. This threat is particularly critical in germ cells, as changes in the genome that are induced by TEs will be transmitted to the next generation. Small noncoding piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) recognize and silence a diverse set of TEs in germ cells. In mice, piRNA-guided transposon repression correlates with establishment of CpG DNA methylation on their sequences, yet the mechanism and the spectrum of genomic targets of piRNA silencing are unknown. Here we show that in addition to DNA methylation, the piRNA pathway is required to maintain a high level of the repressive H3K9me3 histone modification on long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) in germ cells. piRNA-dependent chromatin repression targets exclusively full-length elements of actively transposing LINE families, demonstrating the remarkable ability of the piRNA pathway to recognize active elements among the large number of genomic transposon fragments.
Music boundary detection using neural networks on spectrograms and self-similarity lag matrices (2015)

The first step of understanding the structure of a music piece is to segment it into formative parts. A recently successful method for finding segment boundaries employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained on spectrogram excerpts. While setting a new state of the art, it often misses boundaries defined by non-local musical cues, such as segment repetitions. To account for this, we propose a refined variant of self-similarity lag matrices representing long-term relationships. We then demonstrate different ways of fusing this feature with spectrogram excerpts within a CNN, resulting in a boundary recognition performance superior to the previous state of the art. We assume that the integration of more features in a similar fashion would improve the performance even further.
Cellulose Thiocarbonate-Potassium Bromate Redox System-Initiated Graft Copolymerisation of Acrylic Esters on to Cotton Fabric (1996)

Graft copolymerisation of 2,3-epoxypropyl methacrylate (EPMA) on to cotton-cellulose, in the fabric form, was carried out using a cellulose thiocarbonate-KB r O 3 redox initiation system. Effects of the concentrations of KBrO 3 (initiator) and monomer, the pH of polymerization medium, grafting time and temperature were studied. The results revealed that the graft yield increased with increasing EPMA concentration within the range studied (from 10% to 160%). The optimal grafting conditions for other factors consisted of: [KBrO3], 10 g/1; pH of polymerization medium, 2.5; grafting temperature, 40°C and grafting time, 40 min. with optimum material to liquor ratio 1:30. On the basis of its efficiency as an oil repellent compound 1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptyl methacrylate (PFHMA) was combined with EPMA, in various ratios to promote grafting onto the cotton fabric under the aforementioned optimal conditions. The oil-repellency of the EPMA/PFHMA grafted fabric was then examined. The oil repellency property was found to rely essentially on the percent PFHMA in the total graft obtained. Also reported is a tentative mechanism which copes with the results obtained.
Analysis of lattice defects induced by ion implantation with photo-acoustic displacement measurements (1994)

Subsurface lattice defects in silicon induced by ion implantation were studied by the use of the photo-acoustic displacement (PAD) method based on the sensitive measurements of the surface displacement due to the absorption of laser-light energy. A definite correlation between PAD and displaced atoms density (DAD) was found because PAD reflects the change in thermal conductivity associated with the net amount of displaced atoms in the crystal lattice beneath the surface. According to the linear dependence of 1/PAD on DAD, defects below a DAD of 1014/cm2 (corresponding to implant doses of 2×1011, 8×1010, and 6×1010 ions/cm2 for 100 keV B+, P+, and As+, respectively) were concluded to be point defects. After the DAD reached 1014/cm2, the PAD showed a gentle increase, and this can be attributed to the growth of point-defect clusters. A marked dependence of the PAD on the DAD was not observed beyond a DAD of 1016/cm2. In this region, the presence of an amorphous layer was observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Annealing behavior due to low-temperature heating was studied by the change in temperature dependence curves of the PAD, and the results reflected the characteristics of the defects described above.
The Approximate Capacity of the Many-to-One and One-to-Many Gaussian Interference Channels (2010)

Recently, Etkin, Tse, and Wang found the capacity region of the two-user Gaussian interference channel to within 1 bit/s/Hz. A natural goal is to apply this approach to the Gaussian interference channel with an arbitrary number of users. We make progress towards this goal by finding the capacity region of the many-to-one and one-to-many Gaussian interference channels to within a constant number of bits. The result makes use of a deterministic model to provide insight into the Gaussian channel. The deterministic model makes explicit the dimension of signal level. A central theme emerges: the use of lattice codes for alignment of interfering signals on the signal level.
Co-Expression of miRNA Targeting the Expression of PERK, but Not PKR, Enhances Cellular Immunity from an HIV-1 Env DNA Vaccine (2011)

Small non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNA) are important post-transcriptional regulators of mammalian gene expression that can be used to direct the knockdown of expression from targeted genes. We examined whether DNA vaccine vectors co-expressing miRNA with HIV-1 envelope (Env) antigens could influence the magnitude or quality of the immune responses to Env in mice. Human miR-155 and flanking regions from the non-protein encoding gene mirhg155 were introduced into an artificial intron within an expression vector for HIV-1 Env gp140. Using the miR-155-expressing intron as a scaffold, we developed novel vectors for miRNA-mediated targeting of the cellular antiviral proteins PKR and PERK, which significantly down-modulated target gene expression and led to increased Env expression in vitro. Finally, vaccinating BALB/c mice with a DNA vaccine vector delivering miRNA targeting PERK, but not PKR, was able to augment the generation of Env-specific T-cell immunity. This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that miRNA effectors incorporated into vaccine constructs can positively influence vaccine immunogenicity. Further testing of vaccine-encoded miRNA will determine if such strategies can enhance protective efficacy from vaccines against HIV-1 for eventual human use.
Auxin Regulates the Initiation and Radial Position of Plant Lateral Organs (2000)

Leaves originate from the shoot apical meristem, a small mound of undifferentiated tissue at the tip of the stem. Leaf formation begins with the selection of a group of founder cells in the so-called peripheral zone at the flank of the meristem, followed by the initiation of local growth and finally morphogenesis of the resulting bulge into a differentiated leaf. Whereas the mechanisms controlling the switch between meristem propagation and leaf initiation are being identified by genetic and molecular analyses, the radial positioning of leaves, known as phyllotaxis, remains poorly understood. Hormones, especially auxin and gibberellin, are known to influence phyllotaxis, but their specific role in the determination of organ position is not clear. We show that inhibition of polar auxin transport blocks leaf formation at the vegetative tomato meristem, resulting in pinlike naked stems with an intact meristem at the tip. Microapplication of the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to the apex of such pins restores leaf formation. Similarly, exogenous IAA induces flower formation on Arabidopsis pin-formed1-1 inflorescence apices, which are blocked in flower formation because of a mutation in a putative auxin transport protein. Our results show that auxin is required for and sufficient to induce organogenesis both in the vegetative tomato meristem and in the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem. In this study, organogenesis always strictly coincided with the site of IAA application in the radial dimension, whereas in the apical-basal dimension, organ formation always occurred at a fixed distance from the summit of the meristem. We propose that auxin determines the radial position and the size of lateral organs but not the apical-basal position or the identity of the induced structures.
Protein p126: a parasitophorous vacuole antigen associated with the release of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoites (1988)

The p126 protein is synthesized by P. falciparum between the 32nd and the 36th hour of the erythrocytic cycle, and is localized in the parasitophorous vacuole. It is processed when schizonts rupture and the major fragments (50, 47 and 18 kDa), which are released into culture supernatant, have been characterized using monoclonal antibodies. The 47 kDa fragment has been mapped at the N-terminus of the molecule. The portion of the protein p126 gene coding for this fragment contains 3 introns and is characterized by a sequence coding for 6 repeats of 8 aminoacids and by repeats of TCA/T-AGT coding for a polyserine sequence of 37 serines in a row for the FCR-3 strain. The 50 kDa fragment is also found in culture supernatant when merozoites are released from mature schizonts. The incubation of mature schizonts with leupeptin inhibits the release of merozoites and, in this case, a 56 kDa intermediate product is found. In those conditions, merozoites were observed free in the erythrocyte cytoplasm, the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole being destroyed. The 50 kDa fragment can be obtained from the 56 kDa fragment by treatment with trypsin (a protease inhibited by leupeptin). Our results suggest that the processing of the 56 kDa fragment: 1) is protease-dependent, and could depend on a trypsin-like activity; 2) cannot occur after the release of merozoites because of the protease inhibitors contained in the serum; 3) does not occur before the release of merozoites, since no processed products of the protein p126 are observed in unruptured schizonts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EFFECT OF GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS OR ANTAGONISTS ON MORPHINE-INDUCED STRAUB TAIL IN MICE (2006)

The effects of GABA receptor agents on Straub tail induced by morphine were investigated in mice. Subcutaneous injection of different doses of morphine (10-60 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent Straub tail in mice. Maximum response was obtained with 40 mg/kg of the drug, 30 min after the drug administration. The morphine response was decreased by subcutaneous injection of naloxone (0.5-2 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal administration of different doses of baclofen (2-8 mg/kg) reduced Straub tail induced by morphine (40 mg/kg). The response of baclofen was decreased by Intraperitoneal injection of CGP35348 (150 mg/kg). CGP35348 by itself did not elicit any response. Different Intraperitoneally doses of muscimol (1-4 mg/kg) bicuculline (1-3 mg/kg), or picrotoxin (1-3 mg/kg) also reduced morphine effect. The effect of muscimol was not altered by bicuculline pretreatment. It is concluded that both GABAA and GABAB receptor activation reduced Straub tail induced by morphine.
Neuronal microtubule‐associated proteins in the embryonic avian spinal cord (1988)

We have used monoclonal antibodies to study the distribution of three developmentally regulated microtubule-associated proteins-MAP2, MAP5, and tau-during the morphogenesis of the thoracic spinal cord and peripheral nervous system in the quail. MAP5 is the only one of the three that is present in growing motor neuron processes in the day 3 embryo. The low-molecular weight form of MAP2, MAP2c, is found in motor neuron cell bodies at embryonic day 3. At later stages MAP2c appears in axons and in glia; it decreases in abundance between embryonic days 5 and 7. High-molecular weight MAP2 appears in motor neuron cell bodies and spinal cord gray matter at embryonic day 4, and is never encountered in axons. Tau is found in axons, but only at embryonic day 3.5, after they have commenced active extension. The molecular form and patterns of intracellular compartmentalization of each of the microtubule-associated proteins studied is conserved in mammalian and avian neurons. We conclude that MAP5 may be involved in the active growth of neuronal processes, whereas MAP2 and tau are not, and that high-molecular weight MAP2 and tau may stabilize dendritic and axonal processes, respectively.