gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substituted 1,8-Naphthyridin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones Are Superior to Thymine in the Recognition of Adenine in Duplex as Well as Triplex Structures (2002)

The synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel nucleobases based on substituted 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones are reported. The nucleobases were designed to meet the requirements for incorporation into peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and were evaluated as part of PNA duplex and triplex nucleic acid recognition systems. Of the various nucleobases tested, only the 7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (7-Cl-bT) nucleobase led to consistently increased affinity in all recognition systems, duplex (Watson-Crick) as well as triplex (Hoogsteen). For multiply modified systems, the increase in thermal stability per modification was dependent on the sequence context, ranging from 2.0 degrees C (in separate positions) to 3.5 degrees C (in adjacent positions) in PNA-DNA duplexes and from 1.2 degrees C (in separate positions) to 3.2 degrees C (in adjacent positions) in PNA-RNA duplexes. Singly mismatched oligonucleotide targets were employed to demonstrate uncompromised sequence discrimination. When part of multiply modified triplex (Hoogsteen) recognition systems, the 7-Cl-bT unit gave rise to increases in the thermal stability ranging from 2.7 to 3.5 degrees C when incorporated into separated and adjacent positions, respectively. Our results furthermore indicate that the duplex stabilization is predominantly enthalpic and therefore most likely not a consequence of single-strand preorganization. Finally, and most surprisingly, we find no direct correlation between the end-stacking efficiency of this type of nucleobase and its helix stabilization when involved in Watson-Crick base pairing within a helix.
Pulmonary Infection Caused by <i>Gymnascella hyalinospora</i> in a Patient with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2000)

We report the first case of invasive pulmonary infection caused by the thermotolerant ascomycetous fungus Gymnascella hyalinospora in a 43-year-old female from the rural midwestern United States. The patient was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia and treated with induction chemotherapy. She was discharged in stable condition with an absolute neutrophil count of 100 cells per microliter. Four days after discharge, she presented to the Cancer Clinic with fever and pancytopenia. A solitary pulmonary nodule was found in the right middle lobe which was resected by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATHS). Histopathological examination revealed septate branching hyphae, suggesting a diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis; however, occasional yeast-like cells were also present. The culture grew a mold that appeared dull white with a slight brownish tint that failed to sporulate on standard media. The mold was found to be positive by the AccuProbe Blastomyces dermatitidis Culture ID Test (Gen-Probe Inc., San Diego, Calif.), but this result appeared to be incompatible with the morphology of the structures in tissue. The patient was removed from consideration for stem cell transplant and was treated for 6 weeks with amphotericin B (AmB), followed by itraconazole (Itr). A VATHS with biopsy performed 6 months later showed no evidence of mold infection. In vitro, the isolate appeared to be susceptible to AmB and resistant to fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Results for Itr could not be obtained for the case isolate due to its failure to grow in polyethylene glycol used to solubilize the drug; however, MICs for a second isolate appeared to be elevated. The case isolate was subsequently identified as G. hyalinospora based on its formation of oblate, smooth-walled ascospores within yellow or yellow-green tufts of aerial hyphae on sporulation media. Repeat testing with the Blastomyces probe demonstrated false-positive results with the case isolate and a reference isolate of G. hyalinospora. This case demonstrates that both histopathologic and cultural features should be considered for the proper interpretation of this molecular test and extends the list of fungi recognized as a cause of human mycosis in immunocompromised patients.
Encapsulation Efficiency of Food Flavours and Oils during Spray Drying (2008)

Microencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology which is a unique way to package materials in the form of micro- and nano-particles, and has been well developed and accepted within the pharmaceutical, chemical, food and many other industries. Spray drying is the most commonly used encapsulation technique for food products. A successful spray drying encapsulation relies on achieving high retention of the core materials especially volatiles and minimum amounts of the surface oil on the powder particles for both volatiles and non-volatiles during the process and storage. The properties of wall and core materials and the prepared emulsion along with the drying process conditions will influence the efficiency and retention of core compounds. This review highlights the new developments in spray drying microencapsulation of food oils and flavours with an emphasis on the encapsulation efficiency during the process and different factors which can affect the efficiency of spray drying encapsulation.
Improvement of Biohydrogen Production under Increased the Reactor Size by C. acetobutylicum NCIMB 13357 (2009)

Problem statement: One of the main factors influenced the bacterial productivity and total yield of hydrogen is the partial pressure of produced gas. A novel solution to enhance the bacterial productivity was through reduction of gas pressure. Approach: Increasing the reactor size showed to enhance the bacterial production of hydrogen. Results: The technique of increasing reactor size resulted to enhance the hydrogen yield (YP/S) from 269 mL g-1 glucose utilized to maximum yield of 448 mL g-1 glucose utilized by using 125 mL and 2 L reactor size respectively. The hydrogen productivity was also enhanced from 71 mL-1 h-1 to maximum of 91 mL L-1 h-1 was obtained by using 125 mL and 1 L reactor size respectively. Biomass concentration was enhanced from 1.03 g L-1 to maximum of 1.68 g L-1 by using 125 mL and 2 L reactor size were used respectively, hydrogen yield per biomass (YP/X) of 267 mL g-1 L-1, biomass per substrate utilized (YX/S) of 0.336 and produced hydrogen in gram per gram of glucose utilized (YH2/s) of 0.04 when 2 L reactor size was employed. Conclusion: By using bigger reactor size, the effect of gaseous products in fermentation medium was reduced and enhanced both bacterial productivity and biomass concentration.
Boundary Wavelet Coefficients for Real-Time Detection of Transients Induced by Faults and Power-Quality Disturbances (2014)

In the last few years, much research has been focused on wavelet coefficients for high-speed detection of transients induced by faults, high impedance faults (HIFs), and some power-quality (PQ) disturbances. However, the performance of the wavelet coefficient-based analysis in the real-time disturbance detection substantially changes with the choice of the mother wavelet, presents time delay for long mother wavelets, and may fail when the transients are overdamped, which limits the applicability of the conventional wavelet coefficients in actual digital relays. Therefore, in order to overcome all of the aforementioned drawbacks of the wavelet coefficients, this paper proposes a new wavelet decomposition process which provides additional wavelet coefficients with border distortions of a one-cycle sliding window (boundary wavelet coefficients), yielding the real-time detection of the transients scarcely affected by the choice of the mother wavelet, with no time delay for compact and long wavelets, as well as a more reliable disturbance detection than the conventional wavelet coefficients, even in cases of damped transients. In addition, a boundary wavelet coefficient requires equivalent computational burden of a conventional wavelet coefficient. The performance of the proposed boundary wavelet coefficients was assessed through the real-time analysis of records with faults, HIFs, and some PQ disturbances as well as with simulated data from transmission and distribution power systems, taking into account the effects of the fault inception angle, resistance, and distance.
Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s (2021)

Persistent efforts on developing advanced and complex data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for data beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. This endeavor not only elevates the bit rate of the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but also to initiate the unification of data format for wired and wireless network coverage. To date, the highest allowable data rates of the single-VCSEL-based optical link are 80 Gbit/s for the NRZ-OOK format under back-to-back (BtB) transmission 168 Gbit/s for the PAM-4 format over 150-m OM5 MMF, and the 224 Gbit/s for the QAM-OFDM format at BtB case. For the high-level complex data-format transmission with rigorous demand on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this work demonstrates the most up-to-date 32-ray quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (32-QAM GFDM) data algorithm with optimized amplitude and K value for encoding the multimode (MM) VCSEL. To achieve the higher spectral-usage efficiency based on the SNR spectrum for maximal transmission data rate, the bit-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique is implemented by rearranging each subcarrier to the appropriate QAM levels. By utilizing 32-QAM GFDM and bit-loading DMT, the maximal data rate in the BtB case could respectively achieve 119.5 Gbit/s and 130 Gbit/s when operating the MM VCSEL at 55 °C. The transmission capacity of the VCSEL operated at 55 °C would decrease to 93.8 Gbit/s for 32-QAM GFDM and 83 Gbit/s for bit-loading DMT after propagating through OM5 MMF with modal dispersion.
IL (interleukin)-1alpha promotes nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1-induced IL-8 expression, cell survival, and proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. (2001)

Interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) is an important regulatory cytokine, the release of which after an injury can induce activation of transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)kappaB and activator protein (AP-1), which promote expression of genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. IL-1alpha is expressed autonomously by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and a variety of other cancers, raising the possibility that IL-1alpha may serve as an autocrine factor that stimulates the activation of prosurvival transcription factors and target genes in cancer. In this study, we examined the role of IL-1alpha in the activation of NFkappaB and AP-1, the expression of proangiogenic cytokine IL-8, and in the survival and proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. HNSCCs were found to secrete and respond to functional IL-1alpha, in that culture supernatant from a high IL-1alpha-secreting line, UM-SCC-11B, could induce secretion of cytokine IL-8 by a low IL-1alpha-secreting line, UM-SCC-9; and the induction of IL-8 secretion could be blocked by the anti-IL-1alpha-neutralizing antibody or the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Furthermore, IL-1alpha could induce the expression of IL-8 through an autocrine mechanism, in that transfection of UM-SCC-9 cells with a plasmid encoding IL-1alpha resulted in the increased coexpression of IL-1alpha and IL-8; whereas transfection with a plasmid encoding IL-1RA lacking the secretory leader sequence led to the decreased coexpression of IL-1alpha and IL-8. IL-1alpha was found to induce coexpression of IL-8 through the activation of NFkappaB and AP-1, in that mutation of the NFkappaB site within the IL-8 promoter abolished autocrine- and recombinant IL-1alpha-induced IL-8 reporter gene activity, whereas mutation in AP-1 partially decreased IL-8 reporter gene activity in UM-SCC-9 cells. Intracellular expression of IL-1RA decreased NFkappaB reporter gene activity, indicating that endogenously expressed IL-1alpha contributes to constitutive NFkappaB activation in this HNSCC line. Expression of IL-1alpha affected survival of UM-SCC-9, inasmuch as transfection of cells with plasmid encoding IL-1alpha or IL-1RA led to the increased or decreased survival of cells cotransfected with a beta-galactosidase reporter gene, respectively. IL-1alpha was also found to promote the increased growth of UM-SCC-9 cells in vitro. We demonstrate that exogenous and endogenous IL-1alpha contributes to the transcriptional activation of NFkappaB and AP-1, to the expression of IL-8, and to cell survival and the growth of HNSCC in vitro.
The influence of Ala205 on the specificity of cathepsin L produced by dextran sulfate assisted activation of the recombinant proenzyme. (1998)

Human procathepsin L has been expressed in E. coli in the form of inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein was isolated, refolded and processed at pH 5.5 by the addition of dextran sulfate which increased the overall yield of cathepsin L almost 10-fold. After the auto-activation of the 38 kDa procathepsin L at least three processing sites were determined by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. After replacing the Ala205 residue by glutamic acid, cathepsin B-like specificity was introduced into cathepsin L. This mutation resulted in a 15-fold increased activity toward the substrate Z-Arg-Arg-AMC and in a 29-fold decreased activity toward Z-Phe-Arg-AMC. Residue 205 is thereby confirmed experimentally to be critical for the specificity of cathepsins B and L.
A Secure and Efficient Mutual Authentication Protocol Using Hash Function (2009)

Most remote user authentication schemes are designed by encryption or hash-function techniques. In terms of computational cost, the hash-function-based scheme is more simple and efficient. In 2008, under the conditions of using tamper-resistant smart card device and the verifier table storage technique, Chen-Lee proposed a novel mutual authentication protocol using hash function to solve remote user authentication. Based on Chen-Lee scheme, a secure and efficient mutual authentication protocol using hash function is proposed. The proposed scheme not only keeps the advantages of Chen-Lee scheme, but also avoids using well-defined tamper-resistant smart card device and storing the verifier table in server.
Effect of an Inactivated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 on Safety and Immunogenicity Outcomes (2020)

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000031809.
AMP: adaptive multi-stream prefetching in a shared cache (2007)

Abstract — Prefetching is a widely used technique in modern data storage systems. We study the most widely used class of prefetching algorithms known as sequential prefetching. There are two problems that plague the state-of-the-art sequential prefetching algorithms: (i) cache pollution, which occurs when prefetched data replaces more useful prefetched or demand-paged data, and (ii) prefetch wastage, which happens when prefetched data is evicted from the cache before it can be used. A sequential prefetching algorithm can have a fixed or adaptive degree of prefetch and can be either synchronous (when it can prefetch only on a miss), or asynchronous (when it can also prefetch on a hit). To capture these distinctions we define four classes of prefetching algorithms:
Screening for and identification of novel agents directed at renal cell carcinoma. (2001)

We were interested in identifying novel agents for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by screening for activities that model renal tumor biology. Searching for relative renal cell sensitivity and leukemia insensitivity among cytotoxicity profiles in the NCI Drug Screen database, we identified 16 potential agents with renal selectivity. We evaluated the agents in 10 RCC cell lines (of primary and metastatic origin) isolated from 5 patients. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in these cell lines ranged from 0.019 +/- 0.013 to 11.4 +/- 0.55 microM and were comparable with values obtained with renal cell lines in the NCI Drug Screen panel. Because RCC are slowly growing tumors, we evaluated the compounds on rapidly (27% S phase) or slowly (6% S phase) growing cells. In contrast to doxorubicin, where cytotoxicity was restricted to rapidly proliferating cells, three compounds (NSC 280074, 281613, and 281817) were more cytotoxic in slowly proliferating cells. NSC 72151 and 268965 were equitoxic for both populations. NSC 94889, 638850, and 630938 were more cytotoxic in rapidly growing cells. In in vitro time exposure studies, four compounds, NSC 268965, 280074, 281613, and 281817, were maximally cytotoxic with as little as 3 h exposure time. From an analysis comparing the p53 genotype of the 60 cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Drug Screen with the cytotoxicity profiles for the 16 putative renal compounds, 13 compounds were classified as likely to be indifferent to p53 status. We also developed a panel specificity detection method for the NCI Drug Screen database to evaluate the prevalence of renal sensitive compounds. Of the 16 studied compounds, 14 were among those identified as renal sensitive by the statistical analysis. Lastly, we found reduced tumor growth in mice with established renal human tumor xenografts after treatment with two of the renal active compounds. These studies describe compounds with potential renal activity that are candidates for preclinical development for renal cell carcinoma.
Drilling (1971)

The Town of Aston underlyne is in the centre of a very densely populated manufacturing district — The population of the Town and neighbourhood amounts to from sixty thousand to seventy thousand — Ashton is the place where the well known agitator The Revd Joseph Rayner Stephens has held forth and for the last six or eight months the town and neighbourhood has been kept in a constant state of Agitation by him and others holding meetings and using violent and inflammatory language, threats, and encouraging people to procure arms and other offensive weapons to redress what is termed the people's grievances — The factory act was the first question upon which the system of Agitation commenced then the poor law bill and next the charter question — The Exhortations made by the leaders have induced the inexperienced portion of the work people to assemble together in large numbers and exhibit and discharge fire arms in the public streets to the terror and alarm of the more peaceable part of the community — The language made use of at the meetings of the Chartists will appear from the evidence has been such as to cause great alarm and excitement.
Review of Medical Microbiology. (1977)

Review of medical microbiology , Review of medical microbiology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
CoolEmAll - Models and tools for optimization of data center energy-efficiency (2012)

In this paper we present objectives and expected results of the CoolEmAll project that aims at improving energy-efficiency of data centers. To achieve this goal, CoolEmAll works on data center simulation and visualization tools (SVD Toolkit) and models of data center efficiency building blocks (DEBBs) that will be used by the SVD Toolkit to facilitate simulations and ensure their high quality. Using these models and tools data center designers and operators will be able to analyze and optimize both existing and planned data centers. By taking into consideration several important aspect that affect energy efficiency, the project is going to enable analysis of data centers under various conditions including low levels of loads, diverse management methods, specific cooling systems and IT equipment configurations.
Using combined decisions and confidence measures for name recognition in automatic directory assistance systems (1998)

Directory assistance systems are amongst the most challenging applications of speech recognition.Today, complete automation of the service fails because of the lacking accuracy of current speech recognizers, which are simply not able to differentiate between hundreds of thousands or even millions of different names occurring in large cities.In this paper, we show that this situation can be remedied by systematically combining all available knowledge sources (last names, first names, street names, partly including their spelled versions) in a statistically optimal way.Especially designed confidence measures for N-best lists are proposed to detect misrecognized turns.Applying these techniques in a hierarchical setup is judged as the enabling step for automating large scale directory assistance.In first experiments, we e.g. are able to service 72% of the inquiries for a database of 1.3 million entries with a remaining error rate of only 6% (or 62% with an error rate of 2%).
A <i>DFNA5</i> Mutation Identified in Japanese Families with Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Hearing Loss (2014)

Mutations in DFNA5 lead to autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss (NSHHL). To date, four different mutations in DFNA5 have been reported to cause hearing loss. A 3 bp deletion mutation (c.991-15_991-13del) was identified in Chinese and Korean families with autosomal dominant NSHHL, which suggested that the 3 bp deletion mutation was derived from a single origin. In the present study, we performed genetic screening of mutations in the interval between intron 6 and exon 9 of DFNA5 in 65 Japanese patients with autosomal dominant NSHHL and identified the c.991-15_991-13del mutation in two patients. Furthermore, we compared the DFNA5-linked haplotypes consisting of intragenic SNPs between the reported Chinese and Korean families and found that the Japanese patients showed a shared region spanning 41,874 bp. This is the first report of DFNA5 mutations in Japanese patients with autosomal dominant NSHHL, supporting the suggestion that the 3 bp deletion mutation occurred in their ancestors.
Pilot Plant Production of 2,3-Dimethylbutane (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPilot Plant Production of 2,3-DimethylbutaneClark Holloway Jr. and W. S. BonnellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 12, 1231–1238Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50444a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50444a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts