gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Integrated 10-GHz Active Circulator and Quasi-Circulator Using Bridged-T Networks in Standard CMOS (2016)

A three-port active circulator and an active quasicirculator (QC) based on bridged-T networks (BTNs) are designed and fabricated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The BTN provides a notch frequency response, and therefore, the circulator is practical by connecting three BTNs in a ringtype configuration. With a power consumption of 18.2 mW, the circulator achieves 6.1~8-dB insertion loss, better than 25-dB isolation and 18.3-dB transmission ratio from 8.4 to 11.1 GHz. Furthermore, the QC based on one BTN topology can also be obtained by adding an external amplifier. With a power consumption of 18.6 mW, it achieves 7/-2-dB forward transmission gain, better than 17.3-dB isolation, and better than 15.3-dB transmission ratio at 9.9 GHz. The presented designs feature excellent performances in high isolation and transmission ratio compared with other CMOS active circulators or QCs. To the best of our knowledge, the designs are the first demonstration of three-port circulator/QC designs based on the BTN topology, and the design concept is also applicable to an n-port circulator design.
Human anti-α3(IV)NC1 antibody drug conjugates target glomeruli to resolve nephritis (2015)

Current therapies to limit kidney disease progression lack specificity and often have systemic toxicity. To approach this problem, we postulated that a human monoclonal antibody (F1.1), directed against the noncollagenous-1 domain (NC1) of α3(IV) collagen that localizes in glomeruli, could serve as a vehicle for targeted drug delivery. Given enhanced exposure of the NC1 domain of α3(IV) during glomerular diseases, with limited epitope expression in other organs, α3(IV)NC1 provides an ideal target for delivery of disease-modifying agents. As a potential disease-modifying agent, we initially took advantage of recent observations that PGE2 promoted recovery after established injury during the course of nephrotoxic nephritis. To address the general applicability of the approach, the efficacy of glomerular delivery of dexamethasone was also examined. To achieve glomerular targeted therapy, PGE2 and dexamethasone were coupled to F1.1. After confirmation of the composition and activity of the conjugates, both glomerular localization and the capacity of the conjugates to modify disease were evaluated. After injection into mice with established nephritis, resolution of disease was enhanced with both agents, with normalization of histology and improved blood urea nitrogen levels in conjugate-treated mice compared with untreated mice. The results provide a novel means of targeting glomeruli during nephritis, irrespective of cause, by providing efficient drug delivery, with the potential of limiting systemic effects.
Erasure node: performance improvements for the IEEE 802.6 MAN (2002)

Proposes and analyzes a method for increasing the efficiency of a slotted multiaccess data communications network. The unique aspect of this method is that high efficiency can be achieved without much increase in latency or complexity at stations. The necessary hooks for its implementation have been incorporated into the distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) protocol, which is being standardized by the IEEE 802.6 Committee for metropolitan area networks (MANs). The proposed method, originally presented as a contribution for the MAN standards, allows slots to be reused once they reach their destination while retaining the inherent low-latency implementation and simple OR write physical interface for stations in the original scheme. The results of tests of network throughput increase as a function of traffic locality and of the number and location of erasure nodes are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ioncopy: a novel method for calling copy number alterations in amplicon sequencing data including significance assessment (2016)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that calling of copy number alterations (CNAs) from amplicon sequencing (AS) data is feasible. Most approaches, however, require non-tumor (germline) DNA for data normalization. Here, we present the method Ioncopy for CNA detection which requires no normal controls and includes a significance assessment for each detected alteration.Ioncopy was evaluated in a cohort of 184 clinically annotated breast carcinomas. A total number of 252 amplifications were detected, of which 183 (72.6%) could be validated by a call of an additional amplicon interrogating the same gene. Moreover, a total number of 33 deletions were found, whereof 27 (81.8%) could be validated. Analyzing the 16 most frequently amplified genes, validation rates of over 89% could be achieved for 11 of these genes. 11 of the top 16 genes showed significant overexpression in the amplified tumors. 89.5% of the HER2-amplified tumors were GRB7 and STARD3 co-amplified, whereas 68.4% of the HER2-amplified tumors had additional MED1 amplifications. Correlations between CNAs measured by amplicons in HER2 exons 19, 20 and 21 were strong (all R > 0.93). AS based detection of HER2 amplifications had a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 98.8% compared to the gold standard of HER2 immunohistochemistry combined with in situ hybridization.In summary, we developed and validated a novel method for detection and significance assessment of CNAs in amplicon sequencing data. Using Ioncopy, AS offers a straightforward and efficient approach to simultaneously analyze gene amplifications and gene deletions together with simple somatic mutations in a single assay.
A 2.5 kV Isolation 35 kV/us CMR 250 Mbps Digital Isolator in Standard CMOS With a Small Transformer Driving Technique (2011)

A small-size on-chip transformer-based digital isolator for power control systems is proposed. With a proposed pulse generation and detection scheme that enables a 5 V standard CMOS transistor to utilize GHz-band signals, transformer area is reduced to 1/4-1/8 that of conventional transformers. A test chip achieves a 2.5 kV isolation voltage, a 35 kV/us CMR, a 1.6 mA static current and a 250 Mbps data rate, all which are equal to or superior to those of optocouplers or conventional digital isolators. The developed technology greatly reduces the number of chips in power control systems by allowing integration of multiple isolators in a CMOS chip together with microcontrollers or gate drivers. Moreover, the high-speed low-power capability expands the application potential to include isolated serial links, controller area network (CAN), FlexRay, medical devices, displays, sensors, etc.
Conventional DTI vs. slow and fast diffusion tensors in cat visual cortex (2003)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) uses water diffusion anisotropy in axonal fibers to provide a tool for analyzing and tracking those fibers in brain white matter. In the present work, multidirectional diffusion MRI data were collected from a cat brain and decomposed into slow and fast diffusion tensors and directly compared with conventional DTI data from the same imaging slice. The fractional anisotropy of the slow diffusing component (D(slow)) was significantly higher than the anisotropy measured by conventional DTI while reflecting a similar directionality and appeared to account for most of the anisotropy observed in gray matter, where the fiber density is notoriously low. Preliminary results of fiber tracking based on the slow diffusion component are shown. Fibers generated based on the slow diffusion component appear to follow the vertical fibers in gray matter. D(slow)TI may provide a way for increasing the sensitivity to anisotropic structures in cortical gray matter.
Decreasing Sedentary Behaviors in Treating Pediatric Obesity (2000)

These results support reducing sedentary behaviors as an adjunct in the treatment of pediatric obesity.
Modulation of cancer cell multidrug resistance by an extract of Ficus citrifolia. (2001)

Multidrug resistance due to P-glycoprotein is a serious impediment to successful chemotherapy of cancer. Previous studies have shown that natural compounds such as prenyl flavonoids are able to modulate the multidrug resistance phenotype of P-glycoprotein-positive cancer cells. A fraction from the dichloromethane extract of a common Guadalupe Ficus, Ficus citrifolia was studied for its direct interaction with the purified C-terminal cytosolic domain of P-glycoprotein, and for its induced accumulation and cytotoxicity of vinblastine and daunomycin in two model cell lines overexpressing P-glycoprotein, namely K562/R7 and MESSA/Dx5. The fraction bound with high affinity to P-glycoprotein C-terminal cytosolic domain and was as efficient as cyclosporin A to increase intracellular accumulation of daunomycin in K562/R7 leukemic cells. Moreover, the fraction markedly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of vinblastine on the growth of MESSA/Dx5 cells. These results suggest that Ficus citrifolia possesses important therapeutic potential for improving the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
Social Uses of Personal Health Information Within PatientsLikeMe, an Online Patient Community: What Can Happen When Patients Have Access to One Another’s Data (2008)

Few studies examine the use of personal health information by patients themselves. This project suggests how patients who choose to explicitly share health data within a community may benefit from the process, helping them engage in dialogues that may inform disease self-management. We recommend that future designs make each patient's health information as clear as possible, automate matching of people with similar conditions and using similar treatments, and integrate data into online platforms for health conversations.
FK506 promotes melanocyte and melanoblast growth and creates a favourable milieu for cell migration via keratinocytes: possible mechanisms of how tacrolimus ointment induces repigmentation in patients with vitiligo (2005)

Background Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmentation of skin and hair. As the pathogenesis of this disease is still obscure, the treatment of vitiligo has generally been unsatisfactory and often disappointing. Topical tacrolimus (FK506) ointment has recently been added to the armamentarium against this pigmentary disorder. Despite its clinical efficacy, the underlying mechanisms of how topical tacrolimus induces repigmentation in vitiligo have rarely been investigated. As tacrolimus ointment is applied directly to the skin, its impact on keratinocytes (KCs) requires thorough investigation. Objectives To investigate the effects of FK506 on melanocyte (MC) and melanoblast (MB) growth via KCs. Methods Cultured MCs and MBs were treated with supernatant of KC cultures conditioned with various concentrations of FK506. The impact of supernatant on MCs and MBs was assessed in terms of its effect on MC/MB proliferation, melanin formation and cell migration. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, known for their influence on cell migration, were evaluated. The concentrations of MC/MB growth factors in the KC supernatant were also determined. Results Results demonstrated that proliferation of both MCs and MBs was significantly enhanced by FK506-treated KC supernatant. In addition, the concentration of stem cell factor in KC supernatant increased dose-dependently with FK506 treatment. The supernatant from FK506-treated KC culture showed a significant increase in MMP-9 activity. Conclusions Our study provides in vitro evidence demonstrating that direct interaction between FK506 and KCs creates a favourable milieu for MC growth and migration. Furthermore, our findings provide a possible mechanism explaining how tacrolimus ointment induces repigmentation in patients with vitiligo.
Implementation and evaluation of echo cancellation algorithms (1996)

Echo in telephones is generally undesirable but inevitable. There are two possible sources of echo in a telephone system. The impedance mismatch in hybrids generates network (electric) echo. The acoustic coupling between loudspeaker and microphone, in hands-free telephones, produces acoustic echo. Echo cancelers are used to control these echoes. In this thesis, we analyze the Least Mean Squares (LMS), Normalized LMS (NLMS), Recursive Least Squares (RLS), and Subband NLMS (SNLMS) algorithms, and evaluate their performance as acoustic and network echo cancelers. The algorithms are compared based on their convergence rate, steady state echo return loss (ERL), and complexity of implementation. While LMS is simple, its convergence rate is dependent on the eigenvalue spread of the signal. In particular, it converges slowly with speech as input. This problem is mitigated in NLMS. The complexity of NLMS is comparable to that of LMS. The convergence rate of RLS is independent of the eigenvalue spread, and it has the fastest convergence. On the other hand, RLS is highly computation intensive. Among the four algorithms considered here, SNLMS has the least complexity of implementation, as well as the slowest rate of convergence. Switching between the NLMS and SNLMS algorithms is used to achieve fast convergence with low computational requirements. For a given computational power, it is shown that switching between algorithms can give better performance than using either of the two algorithms exclusively, especially in rooms with long reverberation times. We also discuss various implementation issues associated with an integrated echo cancellation system, such as double-talk detection, finite precision effects, nonlinear processing, and howling detection and control. The use of a second adaptive filter is proposed, to reduce near-end ambient noise. Simulation results indicate that this approach can reduce the ambient noise by about 20 dB. A configuration is presented for the real time single-chip DSP implementation of acoustic and network echo cancelers, and an interface between the echo canceler and the telephone is proposed. Finally, some results obtained from simulations and implementations of individual modules, on the TMS320C31 and ADSP 2181 processors, are reported. The real time NLMS DSP implementations provide 15 dB of echo return loss.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (2000)

Presented here is an overview of the present status and future prospects of scanning tunneling microscopy. Topics covered include the physical basis of the scanning tunneling microscope, its instrumentation aspects, and its use for structural and spectroscopic imaging—on a scale which extends to atomic dimensions. Associated experimental and theoretical studies are reviewed, including several which suggest potential applicability of this new type of microscope to a relatively broad range of biological, chemical, and technological areas.
Interactive remote large-scale data visualization via prioritized multi-resolution streaming (2009)

The simulations that run on petascale and future exascale supercomputers pose a difficult challenge for scientists to visualize and analyze their results remotely. They are limited in their ability to interactively visualize their data mainly due to limited network bandwidth associated with sending and reading large data at a distance. To tackle this issue, we provide a generalized distance visualization architecture for large remote data that aims to provide interactive analysis. We achieve this through a prioritized, multi-resolution, streaming architecture. Since the original data size is several orders of magnitude greater than the display and network technologies, we stream downsampled versions of representation data over time to complete a visualization using fast local rendering. This technique provides the necessary interactivity and full-resolution results dynamically on demand while maintaining a full-featured visualization framework.
Treatment options for AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (2009)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating viral disease produced by the John Cunningham (JC) virus, which is ubiquitously distributed. Up to 80% of adults seroconvert to JC virus. Classically, PML is a life-threatening AIDS-defining disease of the CNS, usually occurring in severely immunocompromised individuals. Until now, and despite several therapeutic attempts, there is no specific treatment for PML. Soon after the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), several studies showed prolonged survival for patients with AIDS-associated PML who were treated with CART. The outcome of PML in patients receiving CART is unpredictable at disease onset. Prognostic markers are needed. The JC virus DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid by nucleic acid amplification techniques and the CD4+ cell count are the most promising parameters. Higher levels of CD4+ cell counts were independently associated with an improved survival in different clinical observations. A summary of the main current knowledge about AIDS-related PML is presented. The most effective strategy is to optimize CART to completely suppress HIV-1 viral load and allow the best CD4+ T-cell immune recovery. Nowadays, AIDS-related PML is no longer an ultimately fatal disease. A substantial number of HIV-1-infected patients with this condition can improve with CART.
Big data analysis for sensor time-series in automation (2014)

The trend of large scale data production is observed not only within web companies, but is entering also other domains including automation domain. Smart sensors and smart devices contribute to growing amounts of data that need to be processed. An example of processing is prediction for better control, clustering for more effective maintenance, or improving the overall production in general. The so called Big Data paradigm shows new ways of handling bigger amounts of various data, including providing technologies that are able to handle them in an effective way. This paper examines the utilization of Big Data technologies for industry automation domain. The approach is illustrated on time series data measured from a passive house with the goal of detecting specific events. We show how the Big Data technologies allow data analysis that would be hard with traditional approaches.
Partial simulation-driven ATPG for detection and diagnosis of faults in analog circuits (2000)

In this paper, we propose a novel fault-oriented test generation methodology for detection and isolation of faults in analog circuits. Given the description of the circuit-under-test, the proposed test generator computes the optimal transient test stimuli in order to detect and isolate a given set of faults. It also computes the optimal set of test nodes to probe at, and the time instants to make measurements. The test generation program accommodates the effects introduced by component tolerances and measurement inaccuracy, and can be tailored to fit the signal generation capabilities of a hardware tester. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can be applied to generate transient tests for both linear and non-linear analog circuits of moderate complexity in reasonably less CPU time. This will significantly impact the test development costs for an analog circuit and will decrease the time-to-market of a product. Finally, the short duration and the easy-to-apply feature of the test stimuli will lead to significant reduction in production test costs.
TID sensitivity of NAND Flash memory building blocks (2008)

NAND Flash memories are the leader among high capacity non-volatile memory technologies and are becoming attractive also for radiation harsh environments, such as space. For these applications, a careful assessment of their sensitivity to radiation is needed. In this contribution we analyze TID effects on the many different building blocks of NAND Flash memories, including the charge pumps, row-decoder, and floating gate array. Since each of these elements have dedicated circuital and technological characteristics, we identify and study the peculiar failure mode for each part.
A simultaneous transport‐reaction model for controlled drug delivery from catalyzed bioerodible polymer matrices (1985)

Abstract A simultaneous diffusion‐reaction model is presented for the analysis of the kinetics of a chemically eroding poly(orthoester) matrix incorporated with a bioactive agent and with a catalyst to promote the erosion. Simulation results are consistent with experimentally observed hollow residuals and provide a basis for analyzing various design options.
Physostigmine in familial ataxias (1977)

Physostigmine was given to 12 patients with various spincerebellar degenerations, and neurologic examinations were recorded on video tapes and assessed on a semiquantitative scale. Forty minutes after a single dose, the scores improved by 35.7 +/- 4.7 percent (means +/- SEM). Eight patients were then studied over sequential 3-month periods by a randomized double-blind trial of physostigmine versus placebo. With physostigmine, scores were 33.9 +/- 8.3 percent better than before treatment or with placebo. Further investigations of cholinergic drugs seem warranted in patients with these diseases.
Fast and Effective Feature-Preserving Mesh Denoising (2007)

We present a simple and fast mesh denoising method, which can remove noise effectively, while preserving mesh features such as sharp edges and corners. The method consists of two stages. Firstly, noisy face normals are filtered iteratively by weighted averaging of neighboring face normals. Secondly, vertex positions are iteratively updated to agree with the denoised face normals. The weight function used during normal filtering is much simpler than that used in previous similar approaches, being simply a trimmed quadratic. This makes the algorithm both fast and simple to implement. Vertex position updating is based on the integration of surface normals using a least-squares error criterion. Like previous algorithms, we solve the least-squares problem by gradient descent, but whereas previous methods needed user input to determine the iteration step size, we determine it automatically. In addition, we prove the convergence of the vertex position updating approach. Analysis and experiments show the advantages of our proposed method over various earlier surface denoising methods.
Dehydrogenation of Dodecahydro‐<i>N</i>‐ethylcarbazole on Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Model Catalysts (2011)

To elucidate the dehydrogenation mechanism of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H(12)-NEC) on supported Pd catalysts, we have performed a model study under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions. H(12)-NEC and its final dehydrogenation product, N-ethylcarbazole (NEC), were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) at temperatures between 120 K and 520 K onto a supported model catalyst, which consisted of Pd nanoparticles grown on a well-ordered alumina film on NiAl(110). Adsorption and thermally induced surface reactions were followed by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was shown that, at 120 K, H(12)-NEC adsorbs molecularly both on the Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(110) support and on the Pd particles. Initial activation of the molecule occurs through C-H bond scission at the 8a- and 9a-positions of the carbazole skeleton at temperatures above 170 K. Dehydrogenation successively proceeds with increasing temperature. Around 350 K, breakage of one C-N bond occurs accompanied by further dehydrogenation of the carbon skeleton. The decomposition intermediates reside on the surface up to 500 K. At higher temperatures, further decay to small fragments and atomic species is observed. These species block most of the absorption sites on the Pd particles, but can be oxidatively removed by heating in oxygen at 600 K, fully restoring the original adsorption properties of the model catalyst.