gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Genotoxicity of Thiophene Derivatives from Molecular Structure (2003)

We report several binary classification models that directly link the genetic toxicity of a series of 140 thiophene derivatives with information derived from the compounds' molecular structure. Genetic toxicity was measured using an SOS Chromotest. IMAX (maximal SOS induction factor) values were recorded for each of the 140 compounds both in the presence and in the absence of S9 rat liver homogenate. Compounds were classified as genotoxic if IMAX >or= 1.5 in either test or nongenotoxic if IMAX < 1.5 for both tests. The molecular structures were represented by numerical descriptors that encoded the topological, geometric, electronic, and polar surface area properties of the thiophene derivatives. The classification models used were linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor classification (k-NN), and the probabilistic neural network (PNN). These were used in conjunction with either a genetic algorithm or a generalized simulated annealing to find optimal subsets of descriptors for each classifier. The quality of the resulting models was determined by the number of misclassified compounds, with preference given to models that produced fewer false negative classifications. Model sizes ranged from seven descriptors for LDA to three descriptors for k-NN and PNN. Very good classification results were obtained with all three classifiers. Classification rates for the LDA, k-NN, and PNN models were 80, 85, and 85%, respectively, for the prediction set compounds. Additionally, a consensus model was generated that incorporated all three of the basic model types. This consensus model correctly predicted the genotoxicity of 95% of the prediction set compounds.
The 25-foot walk velocity accurately measures real world ambulation in Friedreich ataxia (2007)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common genetic cause of ataxia affecting approximately 1:30,000 people.1 Symptoms that affect mobility include ataxia, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy.

A variety of short walk tests and endurance tests are used as the basis of ambulation assessment in neurologic disease.2 Recently developed microprocessor-based accelerometers can accurately quantify activity in a community setting. These devices are the gold standard against which to measure other ambulatory measures.2 We compared a number of clinical measures of ambulation with community activity as measured by an accelerometer in a group of individuals with FRDA.

The study was approved by the Southern Health Research Ethics Committee. We recruited attendees at a multidisciplinary FRDA clinic by invitation. All participants were homozygous for an expanded GAA repeat within the first intron of the FXN gene.

The following tests were administered according to published instructions: the 25-foot walk test (25FWT),3 the timed up and go (TUG),4 the 6-minute timed walk (6MTW),5 and …
Detection and handling of occlusion in an object detection system (2015)

Object detection is an important technique for video surveillance applications. Although different detection algorithms were proposed, they all have problems in detecting occluded objects. In this paper, we propose a novel system for occlusion handling and integrate this in a sliding-window detection framework using HOG features and linear classification. The occlusion handling is obtained by applying multiple classifiers, each covering a different level of occlusion and focusing on the non-occluded object parts. Experiments show that our approach based on 17 classifiers, obtains an increase of 8% in detection performance. To limit computational complexity, we propose a cascaded implementation that only increases the computational cost by 3.4%. Although the paper presents results for pedestrian detection, our approach is not limited to this object class. Finally, our system does not need an additional dataset for training, covering all possible types of occlusions.
SERS-based nanobiosensing for ultrasensitive detection of the p53 tumor suppressor (2011)

One of the main challenges in biomedicine is improvement of detection sensitivity to achieve tumor marker recognition at a very low concentration when the disease is not significantly advanced. A pivotal role in cancer defense is played by the p53 tumor suppressor, therefore its detection with high sensitivity may contribute considerably to early diagnosis of cancer. In this work, we present a new analytical method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy which could significantly increase the sensitivity of traditional bioaffinity techniques. p53 molecules were anchored to gold nanoparticles by means of the bifunctional linker 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). The characteristic vibrational bands of the p53-4-ATP nanoparticle system were then used to identify the p53 molecules when they were captured by a recognition substrate comprising a monolayer of azurin in molecules possessing significant affinity for this tumor suppressor. The Raman signal enhancement achieved by 4-ATP-mediated crosslinking of p53 to 50 nm gold nanoparticles enabled detect of this protein at a concentration down to 5 × 10⁻¹³ M.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> strains isolated from Thai fermented fruits and vegetables (2009)

Ten Lactobacillus strains originally isolated from Thai fruits and vegetables fermentation were characterized by various phenotypic and genotypic methods. The phenotypic analysis using the method of carbohydrate fermentation patterns (API50CHL) revealed that the isolates belonged to the L. plantarum species. This was further confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a strongly clonal population structure and a low genotypic diversity in this collection. However, the analyzed L. plantarum population demonstrated a higher level of diversification after API50CHL that reflects the role of available carbohydrate sources in bacterial evolution. Our results support the postulate that a combination of conventional biochemical and genotyping methods allows a thorough characterization and identification of isolates. We propose that genotypic characterization could be complemented by biochemical characterization to discriminate L. plantarum strains.
Study on Phase‐Change Characteristics of PET‐PEG Copolymers (2006)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was selected as a phase‐change material (PCM) and the phase‐change fibers of its copolymers with polyethylene terephalate (PET), PET‐PEG, were successfully prepared by melt spinning. The PET‐PEG copolymers have solid‐solid phase change characteristics at 10–60°C without obvious liquid substance appearing, while PET/PEG blends will lose their phase‐change characteristics since the PEG of the blends may melt and leak under high temperature. By controlling the molecular weight and relavent proportion of PEG added, the phase‐change temperature range and the enthalpy can be adjusted.
Low Complexity Frequency-Domain Despreading for Cyclic-Prefix CDMA Systems (2004)

In this letter, a frequency-domain despreading method for the cyclic-prefix code-division multiple-access (CP-CDMA) system is introduced. Using the orthogonality transformation property of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), we can despread the received CP-CDMA signals in the frequency domain. Moreover, we propose an efficient architecture for the proposed frequency-domain despreader. Comparison with the conventional time-domain despreading approach shows that the proposed architecture can save a large amount of computation. The proposed scheme is therefore suitable for efficient implementation of CP-CDMA receivers that adopt frequency-domain equalization and despreading.
Timing attacks on PIN input devices (2010)

Keypads are commonly used to enter personal identification numbers (PIN) which are intended to authenticate a user based on what they know. A number of those keypads such as ATM inputs and door keypads provide an audio feedback to the user for each button pressed. Such audio feedback are observable from a modest distance. We are looking at quantifying the information leaking from delays between acoustic feedback pulses. Preliminary experiments suggest that by using a Hidden Markov Model, it might be possible to substantially narrow the search space. A subsequent brute force search on the reduced search space could be possible with- out triggering alerts, lockouts or other mechanisms design to thwart plain brute force attempts.
Manufacture of Gluten‐Free Specialty Breads and Confectionery Products (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Forbidden, Permitted and Controversial Ingredients Gluten-Free Breads Confectionery Products Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References
Validation of a hybrid approach for imputing missing data (2004)

A hybrid system has been constructed to impute missing values in a neonatal intensive care unit database using artificial neural networks and case-based reasoning. This paper presents the preliminary test results of a system using the connection weights of a linear neural network as the match weights in a case-based reasoner to find the closest-matching cases. The means of the ten closest-matching cases then replaced the missing values in the queries. The hybrid approaches were compared to mean and random imputations, and showed slightly better performance.
Experience, gender composition, social presence, decision process satisfaction and group performance (2004)

The aim of this paper is to examine the important relationships among social presence, decision process satisfaction, group member's relevant experience, and group performance. The effects of gender composition on social presence and decision process satisfaction were also examined. Seventy-two voluntarily university students which were randomly assigned into 24 three-member groups were asked to work on a decision making task. The main findings include that (1) there is a positive relationship between groups' perceived degree of social presence and their decision process satisfaction, (2) there is a positive relationship between groups' decision process satisfaction and group performance, (3) there is a positive relationship between relevant experience gained in the same organizational environment and group performance, and (4) social presence of mixed-gender groups is higher than that of same-gender groups. Also, relevant experience is a moderator of the relationship between decision process satisfaction and group performance.
Deletion of <i>UBE3A</i> in brothers with Angelman syndrome at the breakpoint with an inversion at 15q11.2 (2014)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe intellectual disability with ataxia, epilepsy, and behavioral uniqueness. The underlining molecular deficit is the absence of the maternal copy of the imprinted UBE3A gene due to maternal deletions, which is observed in 70-75% of cases, and can be detected using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of the UBE3A region. Only a few familial AS cases have been reported with a complete deletion of UBE3A. Here, we report on siblings with AS caused by a microdeletion of 15q11.2-q12 encompassing UBE3A at the breakpoint of an inversion at 15q11.2 and 15q26.1. Karyotyping revealed an inversion of 15q, and FISH revealed the deletion of the UBE3A region. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) demonstrated a 467 kb deletion at 15q11.2-q12, encompassing only UBE3A, SNORD115, and PAR1, and a 53 kb deletion at 15q26.1, encompassing a part of SLCO3A1. Their mother had a normal karyotype and array CGH detected no deletion of 15q11.2-q12, so we assumed gonadal mosaicism. This report describes a rare type of familial AS detected using the D15S10 FISH test.
Synthesis of (5-Hydroxy-2-pyridyl)glycine. Oxazole Formation in the Bucherer-Bergs Reaction. Atudies on Amino Acids VI (1986)

-H y d r o x y -2 -p y r i d y 1 ) g l y c i n e(1) has been prepared. Bucherer-Bergs reaction of ( 5 -b e n z y l a x y -2 -p y r i d y l ) c a r b b l d b h y d d (6) furnished the oxazole 7b and not the hydantoin 9. Hydrolysis of the oxazole 7b g a v e the sodium s a l t o f the hydantoic acid 11.After acidic workup the urea derivative 1 2 was obtained.This demonstrates t h a t the o x a r o l e 7 6 and not the former postulated isomer 5a i s the product of 2-pyridylcarbaldehyde derivatives in the Bucherer-Bergs reaction.As 2 part of our investigation in the field of heterocycle-substituted amino acids
Regulation of density of functional presynaptic terminals by local energy supply (2015)

Our study suggests that local energy supply plays a critical role in controlling the density of functional presynaptic terminals, demonstrating the link between energy supply and efficacy of synaptic transmission.
Wearable Doppler radar with integrated antenna for patient vital sign monitoring (2010)

A 2.45 GHz wearable Doppler radar unit with radio data link is presented for use in portable patient monitoring and emergency response. Unlike portable Electrocardiograms (ECG) or Photoplethysmography (PPG), the near-field Doppler unit enables monitoring of the person's heart rate without the need for electrical contact or optical access to the patient's skin. The Doppler unit is designed to be embedded in a clothing garment such as a shirt or vest, or used by medical emergency personal in an instrumented blanket or medical stretcher. Since the Doppler unit is placed directly on or behind the patient's torso, the extraneous signals due to relative motion artifacts is greatly reduced. Low-cost design is achieved by employing PWB microstrip elements for the integrated patch antenna, microwave oscillator, and tuning elements. Also, since the distance between the Doppler unit and the patient is fixed, it was possible to tune the detection phase to enable the use of a single mixer diode and eliminate the need for quadrature detection. Measured heart data from this technique shows clear waveform substructure similar to PQRST complex features found in captured ECG data.
Image Scanning by Rotation of a Hologram (1967)

Reconstructed image scanning can be provided by simple rotation of a hologram. Motion of the image is described as a function of the rotated angle. Application to the problem of beam forming and deflection is discussed.
Das Adsorptionsverhalten sehr dünner Kohlenstoff‐Folien (1962)

Sehr dünne Kohlenstoff-Folien wurden erhalten: durch Reduktion einer Suspension von Graphitoxyd (G. O.) in verdünnter Natronlauge, durch Verpuffung von G. O. beim Erhitzen. Die Adsorption von Stickstoff, von Methylenblau und von Phenol wurde gemessen; außerdem wurde die katalytische Leistung bei der HBr-Synthese bestimmt. Bei dem durch Reduktion erhaltenen Präparat wurden mit der Adsorption aus wäßriger Lösung größere spez. Oberflächen gefunden, als mit der Gasadsorption oder aus der katalytischen Leistung. Die größte spez. Oberfläche wurde direkt in der bei der Reduktion erhaltenen Suspension gemessen. Die niederen Werte der spez. Oberfläche sind eine Folge der Agglomeration bei der Isolierung. Im Gegensatz dazu gaben bei dem durch Verpuffen erhaltenen Präparat alle Methoden gleiche spez. Oberflächen. Dieser Unterschied wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Folien des durch Verpuffen von G. O. erhaltenen Präparates im Gegensatz zu denen des Reduktionsproduktes durchlöchert sind. Die Messung der katalytischen Leistung ergab, daß die Bromwasserstoff-Bildung an den Basisflächen des Kohlenstoffs erfolgt. Extremely thin carbon foils were obtained: by reduction of graphite oxide (G.O.) suspended in dilute sodium hydroxide, by deflegration of heated G.O. The adsorption of nitrogen, methylene blue and phenol were measured as well as the catalytic efficiency in the HBr synthesis. With the samples obtained by reduction of G. O., larger surface areas were found by adsorption from solution than by nitrogen adsorption or from the catalytic efficiency. This is explained by the agglomeration of the foils on isolation. With the deflagration product, however, all methods gave the same surface areas. The cause of this different adsorption behaviour is discussed.
PSEUDORABIES IN THE EUROPEAN WILD BOAR FROM EASTERN GERMANY (1998)

Sera collected from European wild boar (Sus scrofa) shot in Eastern Germany between January 1991 and December 1994 were tested for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV). Of 3,143 sera tested, 281 (8.9%) and 13 (0.4%) were positive and suspect in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The specificity of the reactions was confirmed by detection of neutralizing antibodies in 220 sera (74.8%) and by immunoblotting. Analysis of host age and sex of the animals, temporal and spatial factors showed significantly higher seroprevalences in older animals than in younger individuals, but no differences between males and females. Pseudorabies virus infections have been endemic in this wild boar population for several years and the extreme eastern part of the study area had significantly higher seroprevalences (< or = 22%) than other areas. In the area covered by this study, pseudorabies virus was eradicated in the domestic animal populations in 1985. Thus, the infections in the wild boar population appear to be endemic and persist completely separately and without affecting the domestic pig population.
Standardization of infusion solutions to reduce the risk of incompatibility (2008)

A project intended to avoid incompatibility among i.v. drugs infused in the intensive care setting included steps to standardize solutions and determine which could be given together.
Über das Agmatin. (1910)

der Zusammensetzung C-H 14 N 4 , welche ich bei der Verarbeitung von Heringssperma nach, folgendem Verfahren
Intrinsic dynamics and pharmacometric model discrimination (1995)

Comparison of two competing pharmacometric models is undertaken using graphic representations to elucidate their similarities and differences. The effect compartment model and the indirect response model are simulated and compared for a range of parameters to determine to what extent their dynamic characteristics can be matched. Visual tools such as hysteresis curves are used to examine model dynamics in a variety of ways. Differentiation is facilitated to the extent that competing models have distinctly defined dynamics. For the models studied, the degree of difference depends on the region in parameter space which in turn relates to clinical response.
Cationic Bilayer Fragments on Silica at Low Ionic Strength:  Competitive Adsorption and Colloid Stability (2003)

The challenge of breaking open rigid bilayer vesicles upon contact with silica particles was circumvemted by using a dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) dispersion consisting of open, nanosized bilayer fragments instead of vesicles. At low ionic strength and pH 6.5, DODAB adsorption from bilayer fragments on silica was quantified from adsorption isotherms at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 mM KCl. Adsorption increased as a function of KCl concentration and surface charge density on particles. The isotherm shapes were typical of competitive adsorption with a maximum possibly due to hydrophobic attraction between adsorbed and free bilayer fragments. Upon adsorption as flat patches on particles, the fragments did not apparently seal into a continuous and closed bilayer surrounding the particle, instead interacted via hydrophobic edges with free fragments in dispersion. At pH 6.5, over a range of DODAB (0−1.0 mM) and KCl concentrations (0.1−10.0 mM), from particle sizing, ζ-potential analysis, photographs of the mixtures, and particle sedimentation kinetics, the colloid stability of the particles in the mixtures was governed by the ratio R of the total surface areas for bilayers Ab and particles Ap, R = Ab/Ap. At R ∼ 0.5, the mean ζ-potential was zero, the mean particle diameter (Dz) was at maximum, sedimentation was rapid, and colloid stability was at minimum; at R > 1, ζ was positive, Dz was minimized, sedimentation was absent, and colloid stability was high. At low ionic strength ([KCl] < 10 mM), high colloid stability for particles in the presence of cationic bilayer fragments was achieved at or above R = 1, i.e., from the equivalence of total surface areas for bilayer fragments and particles.
Multi-objective distributed power control algorithm (2003)

In this paper a new distributed power control algorithm is proposed. It is based on the minimization of multiple objectives. The objectives are to keep the transmitted power as close to the minimum power as possible and simultaneously, to hold the carrier to interference ratio (CIR) close to the given target. The multi-objective optimization problem is transformed into a single-objective optimization problem. Its solution results in a new, efficient power algorithm, which is simple to implement. Simulations demonstrate that it converges faster than the conventional power control algorithms. Also, the average transmitted power is less than the average transmitted power using the conventional methods with comparable quality of service (QoS). Noisy, dynamical environment is assumed in the simulations. The algorithm has been modified to work with quantized carrier to interference ratio (CIR). A new soft dropping algorithm based on a multi-objective technique has been developed.
Memory overbooking and dynamic control of Xen virtual machines in consolidated environments (2009)

The newly emergent cloud computing environments host hundreds to thousands of services on a shared resource pool. The sharing is enhanced by virtualization technologies allowing multiple services to run in different virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical node. Resource over-booking allows more services with time-varying demands to be consolidated reducing operational costs. In the past, researchers have studied dynamic control mechanisms for allocating CPU to virtual machines, when CPU is over-booked with respect to the sum of the peak demands from all the VMs. However, runtime re-allocation of memory among multiple VMs has not been widely studied, except on VMware platforms. In this paper, we present a case study where feedback control is used for dynamic memory allocation to Xen virtual machines in a consolidated environment. We illustrate how memory behaves differently from CPU in terms of its relationship to application-level performance, such as response times. We have built a prototype of a joint resource control system for allocating both CPU and memory resources to co-located VMs in real time. Experimental results show that our solution allows all the hosted applications to achieve the desired performance in spite of their time-varying CPU and memory demands, whereas a solution without memory control incurs significant service level violations.
Einleitung (1995)

Die Marksituation, in der sich heutige Produktionsunternehmen behaupten müssen, ist von immer kürzeren Produktinnovationszyklen, einem erhöhten Kostenbewußtsein seitens der Nachfrager und steigenden Anforderungen an die Produktqualität geprägt. Darüber hinaus führen der EU-Binnenmarkt sowie der weitere Abbau internationaler Handelsschranken zu einer Internationalisierung und damit zu einer Verschärfung des Wettbewerbs. Das im internationalen Vergleich hohe Lohnniveau in Deutschland bedingt vor allem in Industriezweigen mit einem großen Anteil manueller Tätigkeiten forcierte Rationalisierungsanstrengungen seitens der Unternehmen — z. B. durch technologische Innovationen.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Gatifloxacin against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

Gatifloxacin (GAT) and moxifloxacin (MXF) were evaluated in vitro to determine their activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GAT was subsequently compared in a dose range study to isoniazid (INH) in a murine tuberculosis model. GAT was somewhat less active than INH. GAT and MXF were evaluated in mice infected with M. tuberculosis and were found to have similar activities. GAT was studied alone and in combination with ethambutol, ethionamide (ETA), and pyrazinamide (PZA) and compared to INH and rifampin (RIF). GAT appears to have sufficient activity alone and in combination with ETA with or without PZA to merit evaluation for treatment of tuberculosis.