gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Forest (2017)

Current deep learning models are mostly build upon neural networks, i.e.,
multiple layers of parameterized differentiable nonlinear modules that can be
trained by backpropagation. In this paper, we explore the possibility of
building deep models based on non-differentiable modules. We conjecture that
the mystery behind the success of deep neural networks owes much to three
characteristics, i.e., layer-by-layer processing, in-model feature
transformation and sufficient model complexity. We propose the gcForest
approach, which generates \textit{deep forest} holding these characteristics.
This is a decision tree ensemble approach, with much less hyper-parameters than
deep neural networks, and its model complexity can be automatically determined
in a data-dependent way. Experiments show that its performance is quite robust
to hyper-parameter settings, such that in most cases, even across different
data from different domains, it is able to get excellent performance by using
the same default setting. This study opens the door of deep learning based on
non-differentiable modules, and exhibits the possibility of constructing deep
models without using backpropagation.
A Poisson/Nernst-Planck model for ionic transport through synthetic conical nanopores (2005)

A theoretical model for ionic transport through synthetic conical nanopores obtained using the track-etching technique is presented. The model is based on the Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations. The results provided by the theory are compared with recent experimental current-voltage curves obtained for polymeric membranes containing single, gold-coated conical nanopores. The calculated profiles of average concentration and electric potential along the pore symmetry axis allow for an intuitive explanation of the rectification properties observed in these systems.
β-Sitosterol, StigmasteroL Campesterol and Octacosanol in Extracts from ‘Wedgwood’ Iris Shoots1 (1972)

Abstract Using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and GLC-mass spectrometry (MS) the main sterols of sprout tissue from Iris hollandica Hoog cv. Wedgwood were identified as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. A 4th substance which co-chromatographed with cholesterol was shown by MS to be octacosanol, a saturated C 28 primary alcohol.
Simulation of Enthalpy and Capacity of CO<sub>2</sub> Absorption by Aqueous Amine Systems (2008)

A model has been developed to predict the CO2 capacity of amine-based solvent systems as well as the enthalpy associated with absorption/desorption. This model can be used to accurately predict the behavior of well-characterized solvent systems under a range of different conditions. Alternatively, the model can be used to estimate the properties of less well-defined systems as part of an initial rapid screening procedure. Investigation into the effects of varying amine basicity and degree of carbamate formation indicates that there is considerable room for improvement on the standard MEA (monoethanolamine) system in terms of both capture capacity and enthalpy of CO2 desorption.
Experimental ISDN system with multimedia storage and intelligent service control capabilities (1988)

ISDN involves three integrations: media, functional, and user-interface integration. With this understanding, the authors have developed teleconferencing, multimedia mail, and electronic secretary services which make use of two strong points of ISDN: a clean B channel and advanced D channel signalling. Multimedia communication using multiple digitized B channels can be applied in both real-time communication service (teleconferencing) and store/forward service (multimedia mail service). The D channel allows user network control and provides users with customized services such as the electronic secretary service. The basic concept of these services and the experimental ISDN system for evaluating them are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thrombin Up-regulates Cathepsin D which Enhances Angiogenesis, Growth, and Metastasis (2008)

Cathepsin D (CD) up-regulation has been associated with human malignancy and poor prognosis. Thrombin up-regulated CD mRNA and protein in eight tumor cell lines as well as in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Thrombin increased the secretion of CD by 3- to 8-fold and enhanced chemotaxis ( approximately 2-fold) in 4T1 murine mammary CA cells, which was completely inhibited with the knockdown of CD. Secreted 4T1 CD induced neoangiogenesis by 2.4-fold on a chick chorioallantoic membrane, which was blocked in CD-KD cells. The addition of pure CD (2 ng) to the chick chorioallantoic membrane increased angiogenesis by 2.1-fold, which was completely inhibited by Pepstatin A (Pep A). CD enhanced human HUVEC chemotaxis and Matrigel tube formation by 2-fold, which was then blocked by Pep A. CD enhanced HUVEC matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity by approximately 2-fold, which was completely inhibited by Pep A as well as a generic MMP inhibitor, GM6001. The injection of CD-KD 4T1 cells into syngeneic mice inhibited tumor growth by 3- to 4-fold compared with empty vector (EV) cells. Hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, inhibited the growth of wild-type and EV cells by 2- to 3-fold, compatible with thrombin up-regulation of CD. CD and thrombin also contributed to spontaneous pulmonary metastasis; 4-fold nodule inhibition with CD versus EV and 4.6-fold inhibition with hirudin versus EV (P < 0.02). Thus, thrombin-induced CD contributes to the malignant phenotype by inducing tumor cell migration, nodule growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. CD-induced angiogenesis requires the proteolytic activation of MMP-9.
Using grey-level and distance information for medial surface representation of volume images (2003)

A medial surface representation of a grey-level volume image is computed. The foreground is reduced to a subset topologically equivalent to the initial foreground and mainly consisting of surfaces centred within regions having locally higher intensities, here, regarded as more informative. This result is obtained by combining distance information with grey-level information. A surface skeleton is first computed, where excessive shortening is prevented by a regularity condition defined on the distance transform. The structure of the surface skeleton is then simplified by removing some peripheral surfaces, so obtaining the desired medial surface representation.
P1040 Diet analysis of grasscutter using next generation sequencing (2016)

Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) is a rodent that is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is hunted for its meat, especially in Western and Central Africa. In Ghana, the meat of the grasscutter is a delicacy and therefore commands a premium price. There are ongoing efforts to domesticate this species to make its meat readily available to reduce the devastating impact of its hunting on the environment. To fully domesticate the grasscutter, however, understanding its feeding ecology is necessary. In this study, we investigated the diet of the wild grasscutter to identify plant species that constitute their diet. Digesta samples were taken from the cecum of 8 wild grasscutters (4 samples each in the rainy and dry seasons). A plant barcoding marker, trnL, was amplified and sequenced, using the next generation sequencing technology (Roche 454 GS Junior). A total of 20,777 reads were obtained. Homology search of the reads with registered sequences and family-level analysis revealed 54 different families of plants in the grasscutter digesta, with the major component being Poaceae (grasses). However, other dominant families, including Fabaceae (legumes), Euphorbiaceae (spurges), Cyperaceae (sedges), Rutaceae (Citrus), Iridaceae (iris), Gesneriaceae (gesneriads), Fagaceae (beeches), Asteraceae (daisies) and Arecaceae (palms), were also found. In terms of seasonal effect, no significant difference was found in the families between the dry and rainy seasons, except Asteraceae, which was marginally significant (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.05). These results shed light on the wild grasscutters’ diet and this information could be used to improve the feeding of domesticated grasscutters.
Best-first utility-guided search (2007)

In many shortest-path problems of practical interest, insufficient time is available to find a provably optimal solution. One can only hope to achieve a balance between search time and solution cost that respects the user's preferences, expressed as a utility function over time and cost. Current stateof-the-art approaches to this problem rely on anytime algorithms such as Anytime A* or ARA*. These algorithms require the use of extensive training data to compute a termination policy that respects the user's utility function. We propose a more direct approach, called BUGSY, that incorporates the utility function directly into the search, obviating the need for a separate termination policy. Experiments in several challenging problem domains, including sequence alignment and temporal planning, demonstrate that this direct approach can surpass anytime algorithms without requiring expensive performance profiling.
Increasing Solubility of Proteins and Peptides by Site-Specific Modification with Betaine (2008)

Proteins and peptides with low solubility and which aggregate are often encountered in biochemical studies and in pharmaceutical applications of polypeptides. Here, we report a new strategy to improve solubility and prevent aggregation of polypeptides using site-specific modification with the small molecule betaine, which contains a quaternary ammonium moiety. Betaine was site-selectively attached to the N-termini of two aggregation-prone polypeptide models, the bacterial enzyme xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (CG-GPRT) and the HIV entry inhibitor peptide CG-T20, utilizing native chemical ligation. N-terminal cysteines for the betaine ligation reactions were generated from His-tagged fusion proteins using TEV protease cleavage. Ligation of the betaine thioester (1) to the N-terminal cysteine-containing polypeptide models proceeded in high yield, though denaturing conditions were required for CG-T20 due to the hydrophobic nature of this peptide. CD spectroscopy and GPRT activity assays indicate that the betaine modification of CG-GPRT and CG-T20 does not significantly affect structure or activity of the polypeptides. Solubility and turbidity measurements of betaine-modified and unmodified polypeptides demonstrate that betaine modification can greatly increase solubility. Finally, it is shown that betaine-modified CG-T20 acts as an inhibitor of the aggregation of unmodified CG-T20.
Combined channel-modified adaptive array MMSE canceller and Viterbi equalizer (2002)

In this paper a very simple scheme is proposed which couples a maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) with a N-element canceller. The method makes use of the MLSE channel estimator to modify the locally generated training sequence used to obtain the antenna array weights. This method will increase the array's degree of freedom for interference cancellation by allowing the dispersive-desired signal to pass through the array undisturbed. Temporal equalization of the desired signal is then accomplished using maximum-likelihood sequence estimation. The T-spaced channel estimator coefficients and the array weights are obtained simultaneously using the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criteria. The result is a receiver structure capable of canceling N-1 in-band interferences without compromising temporal equalization.
Conflict Resolution Algorithms and their Performance Analysis (1993)

Multiple Access protocols are distributed algorithms that enable a set of geographically dispersed stations to communicate using a single, common, broadcast channel. We concentrate on the class of Conflict Resolution Algorithms. This class exhibits very good performance characteristics for ‘‘bursty’ ’ computer communications traffic, including high capacity, low delay under light traffic conditions, and inherent stability. One algorithm in this class achieves the highest capacity among all known multiple-access protocols for the infinite population Poisson model. Indeed, this capacity is not far from a theoretical upper bound. After surveying the most important and influential Conflict Resolution Algorithms, the emphasis in our presentation is shifted to methods for their analysis and results of their performance evaluation. We also discuss some extensions of the basic protocols and performance results for non-standard environments, such as Local Area Networks, satellite channels, channels with errors, etc., providing a comprehensive bibliography. 1. Conflict Resolution Based Random Access Protocols The ALOHA protocols were a breakthrough in the area of multiple access communications. 1 They delivered, more or less, what they advertized, i.e., low delay for bursty, computer generated traffic. They suffer, however, from stability problems and low capacity. 2 The next major breakthrough in the area of multiple access communications
Reduction of crosspoints in one-sided crosspoint switching networks (1989)

The authors establish upper and lower bounds for the number of crosspoints required in a one-sided crosspoint switching network to provide a given level of connectivity. Two modes of operation are considered, namely, nonblocking and rearrangeable. A complete nonblocking switch matrix with N ports has N/sup 2//2 crosspoints. The authors show that this number can be reduced by at most N/2-1 crosspoints for nonblocking operation. If rearrangeable operation is allowed, however, as many as 25% of the crosspoints can be removed. An analysis is made of the relationship between the number of crosspoints removed and the maximum number of rearrangements of connections needed. Also introduced are algorithms for rearrangement of connections in both single-chip and partitioned implementations with reduced numbers of crosspoints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Die charakteristischen Symptome von Ignatia amara nach Clemens von Bönninghausen (2007)

Im Rahmen einer Edition von verschiedenen Bönninghausen-Handschriften wird hier eine Transkription des Genius von Ignatia amara vorgestellt.
Location, Location, Location: An Australian Case Study in Scatter-mode Teaching (2007)

Academics within all educational sectors, and the administrators within universities are pushing hard to reduce the workload and assessment that staff face during their working day. These, coupled with a government led focus on the research task, requires teaching staff to be much smarter at what they do, with fewer resources they have, for a more diverse, geographically segmented cohort. This working paper documents the case of one School within one Australian university, and their attempts to deliver a robust, current, yet resource-friendly subject to a dynamic, highly-separated group of over 350 students.
Doherty Power Amplifier Distortion Correction Using an RF Linearization Amplifier (2018)

This paper presents a linear Doherty power amplifier (DPA) topology suitable for low-powered small cell and multiantenna fifth generation transceivers. The proposed topology relies on augmenting the conventional two-way DPA with a linearization amplifier (LA) in order to enhance its efficiency versus linearity tradeoff when driven with wideband modulated signals. For this, a study of the interactions between the LA and DPA circuitries is conducted, and a design strategy is developed to determine the circuit's parameters that maximize the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) improvement while minimizing its power overhead. For validation purpose, this strategy is applied to design a proof of concept prototype with a center frequency of 800 MHz and an output peak envelope power of 12 W. Compared with the case where the LA is not integrated, more than 11-dB improvement of the ACLR was obtained at the prototype output when driven with modulated signals of up to 40 MHz of modulation bandwidth. Furthermore, an ACLR of about -45 dBc or better was maintained over a wide average power range.
Coupling Enzyme Immunoassay with Supercritical Fluid Extraction (1996)

The coupling of enzyme immunoassay with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an attractive technique for analysts faced with decreasing the use of hazardous solvents, due to their adverse impact on the environment. This chapter will describe the development of supercritical fluid extraction techniques which can be combined with enzyme immunoassays for the detection of pesticide residues and similar toxicants in food and environmental samples. The use of static versus dynamic SFE will be contrasted with respect to speed of analysis, equipment requirements, and quantitative vs. qualitative analysis. Detection of the presence of pesticides in meat matrices was accomplished using different commercial test kits. Removal of various interferences from the sample extract prior to EIA is necessary to achieve quantitative results, due to the presence of lipid coextractives in the extract. The above techniques have been successfully employed to determine pesticide residue content in meat products and other matrices below their specified tolerance limit set by regulatory agencies.
Cell-free protein synthesis: Search for the happy middle (2014)

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a versatile technique gaining popularity because it allows researchers access to on-demand production of proteins. This Commentary by Zachary Russ and John Dueber discusses the latest research article by Rui Gan and Michael Jewett, which reports a convenient and cost-effective methodology for the preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based CFPS reactions.
Construction of model Hamiltonians for adiabatic quantum computation and its application to finding low-energy conformations of lattice protein models (2008)

In this paper we explore the use of a quantum optimization algorithm for obtaining low-energy conformations of protein models. We discuss mappings between protein models and optimization variables, which are in turn mapped to a system of coupled quantum bits. General strategies are given for constructing Hamiltonians to be used to solve optimization problems of physical, chemical, or biological interest via quantum computation by adiabatic evolution. As an example, we implement the Hamiltonian corresponding to the hydrophobic-polar model for protein folding. Furthermore, we present an approach to reduce the resulting Hamiltonian to two-body terms gearing toward an experimental realization.
Production of Biologically Active Taxoids by a Callus Culture of <i>Taxus cuspidata</i> (2003)

Ten known taxoids, paclitaxel, 7-epi-taxol, taxol C, baccatin VI, taxayuntin C, taxuyunnanine C and its analogues (2-5), and yunnanxane (6), and an abietane, taxamairin A, were produced in the callus culture of Taxus cuspidata cultivated on a modified Gamborg's B5 medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/L NAA. After stimulation with 100 microM methyl jasmonate, five more taxoids, cephalomannine, 1beta-dehydroxybaccatin VI, taxinine NN-11 (1), baccatin I, and 2alpha-acetoxytaxusin, and one more abietane, taxamairin C, were found in addition to the above-mentioned compounds. It was also observed that the content of the products increased over three times. Taxinine NN-11 (1) is a new taxane whose structure was assigned as 5alpha,13alpha-diacetoxy-9alpha-cinnamoyloxy-4(20),11-taxadien-10beta-ol by analysis of its spectral data. Taxinine NN-11 (1) exhibited significant MDR reversal activity toward 2780 AD tumor cells. The results of primary screening based on 39 human cancer cell lines suggest that 1 also belongs to a new mechanistic class. Efficient production of 1 was investigated using the callus culture of T. cuspidata.
Banking from home. Touted as the future of banking for many years, home banking is finally poised to enter the present (1995)

Consumer behavior; Banks and banking - Customer services
Multi-kernel Auto-Tuning on GPUs: Performance and Energy-Aware Optimization (2015)

Prompted by their very high computational capabilities and memory bandwidth, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are already widely used to accelerate the execution of many scientific applications. However, programmers are still required to have a very detailed knowledge of the GPU internal architecture when tuning the kernels, in order to improve either performance or energy-efficiency. Moreover, different GPU devices have different characteristics, moving a kernel to a different GPU typically requires re-tuning the kernel execution, in order to efficiently exploit the underlying hardware. The procedure proposed in this work is based on real-time kernel profiling and GPU monitoring and it automatically tunes parameters from several concurrent kernels to maximize the performance or minimize the energy consumption. Experimental results on NVIDIA GPU devices with up to 4 concurrent kernels show that the proposed solution achieves near optimal configurations. Furthermore, significant energy savings can be achieved by using the proposed energy-efficiency auto-tuning procedure.
Applications of QCD to the Production of Mesons and Jets in Hadron-Hadron Collisions (1979)

Applications of the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with asymptotic freedom to processes involving large momentum transfers are examined. The theory describes correctly many features of the lepton initiated processes eN, μN, vN, vN as well as large-mass muon-pair production and the production of mesons and jets at large p⊥ in hadron-hadron collisons. Some predictions are made for future large p⊥ meson and jet experiments. The preliminary conclusion is that QCD might well be the correct theory behind all these phenomena, although a definitive test has not yet been made.
A format-compliant configurable encryption framework for access control of multimedia (2002)

We present a framework for access control of standard-compliant video bitstreams for entertainment purposes. The approach leverages well-known encryption algorithms and maintains standard-compliance of the encrypted bitstream. The standard compliance feature guarantees the inheritance of the error resiliency properties of the video compression standards, and works with many existing network bandwidth adaptation and error control techniques that have been developed for standards-compliant compressed video, thus making it especially suitable for wireless multimedia applications. Standards compliance also allows subsequent signal processing techniques to be applied to the encrypted bitstream. The approach can be applied to any of the common video coding standards. It is also capable of providing layered compromises between security, complexity, delay, bit overhead, etc.
Two-dimensional photonic crystal ring laser (2003)

Summary form only given. We propose and demonstrate lasing action in ring-type resonators defined by two-dimensional photonic crystals on a freestanding slab with InGaAsP active layers emitting at 1.55 /spl mu/m.
Automatic construction of minimal paths in 3D images: An application to virtual endoscopy (2007)

this paper we present a 3D path tracking routine to build trajectories inside tubular anatomical objects with minimal user interaction. The algorithm determines the &quot;shortest&quot; path between two user indicated points (start and end points)