gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UrbanScape (2007)

UrbanScape is a cutting edge 3D collection and processing system directed at the lowest echelon of war-fighters and command elements that deal with urban environments. The goal of the program is to provide war-fighters, patrolling in an urban environment, with near real-time, up-to-date, high-resolution, fully textured 3D models of the urban terrain that can be viewed, analyzed and manipulated in an immersive environment, making target areas inherently familiar to the war-fighter. Through revolutionary model generation and facade reconstruction algorithms the UrbanScape system cuts the gap between data collections and fully processed 3D model databases from days to hours. In half the time it takes for a collection mission, soldiers are provided a fully immersive 3D model database making a foreign city as "familiar as the soldier's backyard".
Visible Light Generation by Upconversion. (1992)

Upconversion is a frequency upconverting process utilizing the excited state absorption (ESA) or energy transfer (ET) of rare earth ions. In this article, the history of research on up-conversion materials and the recent development of upconversion lasers are reviewed.
LBP-Based Segmentation of Defocus Blur (2016)

Defocus blur is extremely common in images captured using optical imaging systems. It may be undesirable, but may also be an intentional artistic effect, thus it can either enhance or inhibit our visual perception of the image scene. For tasks, such as image restoration and object recognition, one might want to segment a partially blurred image into blurred and non-blurred regions. In this paper, we propose a sharpness metric based on local binary patterns and a robust segmentation algorithm to separate in- and out-of-focus image regions. The proposed sharpness metric exploits the observation that most local image patches in blurry regions have significantly fewer of certain local binary patterns compared with those in sharp regions. Using this metric together with image matting and multi-scale inference, we obtained high-quality sharpness maps. Tests on hundreds of partially blurred images were used to evaluate our blur segmentation algorithm and six comparator methods. The results show that our algorithm achieves comparative segmentation results with the state of the art and have big speed advantage over the others.
Syntheses of some constituents of <i>Zingiber cassumunar</i> (1980)

Syntheses of the aromatic compounds cis-3-(2',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)- 4-[(E)-2''',4''',5'''-trimethoxy-styryl]cyclohex-1-ene (1), cis-3-(3',4'- dimethoxyphenyl-4-[(E)-3''',4'''-dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-ene(2), cis-3-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-2''',4''',5'''-trimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-ene (3), (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxypheny1)but-3-en-1-ol (5), and (E)-4- (3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-enyl acetate (6) have been carried out.
Mitochondrial cyclophilin-D as a potential therapeutic target for post-myocardial infarction heart failure (2010)

The pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of cyclophilin-D (CypD), a critical regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), confers myocardial resistance to acute ischemia-reperfusion injury, but its role in post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether mitochondrial CypD is also a therapeutic target for the treatment of post-MI heart failure. Wild-type (WT) and CypD(-/-) mice were subjected to either sham surgery or permanent ligation of the left main coronary artery to induce MI, and were assessed at either 2 or 28 days to determine the long-term effects of CypD ablation. After 2 days, myocardial infarct size was smaller and left ventricular (LV) function was better preserved in CypD(-/-) mice compared to WT mice. After 28 days, when compared to WT mice, in the CypD(-/-) mice, mortality was halved, myocardial infarct size was reduced, LV systolic function was better preserved, LV dilatation was attenuated and in the remote non-infarcted myocardium, there was less cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Finally, ex vivo fibroblast proliferation was found to be reduced in CypD(-/-) cardiac fibroblasts, and in WT cardiac fibroblasts treated with the known CypD inhibitors, cyclosporin-A and sanglifehrin-A. Following an MI, mice lacking CypD have less mortality, smaller infarct size, better preserved LV systolic function and undergo less adverse LV remodelling. These findings suggest that the inhibition of mitochondrial CypD may be a novel therapeutic treatment strategy for post-MI heart failure.
Poly(ethylene dimethacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) Monolith as a Stationary Phase in Dye-Affinity Chromatography (2004)

Porous monolith was obtained by the bulk polymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) conducted in a glass tube. Poly(EDMA-GMA) monolith had a specific surface area of 98.7 m2/g. Poly(EDMA-GMA) monolith was characterized by swelling studies, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. Poly(EDMA-GMA) monolith with a swelling ratio of 48%, and containing 45.7 μmol Cibacron Blue F3GA/g, were used in the adsorption/desorption of human serum albumin (HSA) from aqueous solutions and human plasma. The nonspecific adsorption of HSA was very low (0.8 mg/g). The maximum amount of HSA adsorption from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 22 mg/g at pH 5.0. Higher HSA adsorption value was obtained from human plasma (up to 53.2 mg/g) with a purity of 92%. Desorption of HSA from Cibacron Blue F3GA-attached poly(EDMA-GMA) monolith was obtained using 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl. It was observed that HSA could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with poly(EDMA-GMA) monolith without significant loss in the adsorption capacity.
A comparison of homopolymer and block copolymer structure in 6FDA-based polyimides (2014)

Two homopolyimides and the corresponding block copolyimide, all based on the 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA), have been synthesized and fully atomistic models have been studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The respective diamines were 1,3-phenylenediamine (mPDA) and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (durene). These polyimides are potential candidates for gas separation applications. The synthesized polymers were processed as dense flat membranes. The effects of diamine structure were investigated at the molecular level and an attempt to compare the structural features of homo- and block copolyimides was made. Amorphous models were generated using a hybrid pivot Monte Carlo-MD sampling preparation technique. Average model densities were validated against experimental measurements on the dense films. Cohesive energies, Hildebrand solubility parameters, conformational characteristics, intermolecular interactions and available void spaces were analysed for each system. The durene diamine was found to hinder stacking and increase the available space. This is associated with the steric effect of the methyl substituents. In general, 6FDA-mPDA/durene exhibits an intermediate behaviour with respect to its base polyimides. For most of the examined properties, the differences between different size simulated systems were minor with the exception of the free volume distribution.
A Replication-Defective Human Type 5 Adenovirus-Based Trivalent Vaccine Confers Complete Protection against Plague in Mice and Nonhuman Primates (2016)

Currently, no plague vaccine exists in the United States for human use. The capsular antigen (Caf1 or F1) and two type 3 secretion system (T3SS) components, the low-calcium-response V antigen (LcrV) and the needle protein YscF, represent protective antigens of Yersinia pestis We used a replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) vector and constructed recombinant monovalent and trivalent vaccines (rAd5-LcrV and rAd5-YFV) that expressed either the codon-optimized lcrV or the fusion gene designated YFV (consisting of ycsF, caf1, and lcrV). Immunization of mice with the trivalent rAd5-YFV vaccine by either the intramuscular (i.m.) or the intranasal (i.n.) route provided protection superior to that with the monovalent rAd5-LcrV vaccine against bubonic and pneumonic plague when animals were challenged with Y. pestis CO92. Preexisting adenoviral immunity did not diminish the protective response, and the protection was always higher when mice were administered one i.n. dose of the trivalent vaccine (priming) followed by a single i.m. booster dose of the purified YFV antigen. Immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the trivalent rAd5-YFV vaccine by the prime-boost strategy provided 100% protection against a stringent aerosol challenge dose of CO92 to animals that had preexisting adenoviral immunity. The vaccinated and challenged macaques had no signs of disease, and the invading pathogen rapidly cleared with no histopathological lesions. This is the first report showing the efficacy of an adenovirus-vectored trivalent vaccine against pneumonic plague in mouse and nonhuman primate (NHP) models.
Extracellular fibrinogenolytic enzyme of Aspergillus fumigatus: substrate-dependent variations in the proteinase synthesis and characterization of the enzyme (1993)

To get a better understanding of the role of the previously reported fibrinogenolytic enzyme of Aspergillus fumigatus, we investigated the in vitro conditions of enzyme synthesis and attempted to characterize it.Modification of the nitrogen source did not influence the extracellular serine-proteinase profile, but resulted in important quantitative differences in the yields in batch cultures.The enzyme synthesis appeared to be an inducible phenomenon in A. fumigatus since it was initiated exclusively in the presence of proteins or protein hydrolysate.Free amino acids or inorganic nitrogen compounds could not promote significant enzyme production.Moreover, peptone at a concentration of 0.1% appeared to be the best inducer of enzyme synthesis.Conversely, modification of the carbon source did not affect fungal growth or enzyme synthesis.However, the production of chymotrypsin was highly sensitive to the carbohydrate level in the culture medium and, with peptone as nitrogen source, highest yields were obtained in the presence of 0.3 or 0.5% glucose.Culture filtrates of A. fumigatus CBS 113.26 grown with peptone or nitrate as nitrogen source were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Comparison of the protein patterns suggested for the proteinase a molecular mass of 33 kDa which was confirmed by chromatographic purification of the enzyme through (Na-CBZ)-D-phenylalanine agarose.
Development of spherical ultrasonic motor as a camera actuator for pipe inspection robot (2009)

We present a pipe inspection robot using a newly developed spherical ultrasonic motor (SUSM) as a camera actuator. The novel SUSM has improved the range of movement compared to previous SUSMs, and the robot can point a camera in any direction. In this study, we determined a method for controlling the rotational direction and strategic control from the kinematics and characteristics of ultrasonic motors. The rotational directions were defined by the phase differences of the applied voltages, and the rotational speeds were changed with the frequencies. Additionally, we developed a very small position sensing system using rotary potentiometers. In the control experiment performed using the sensing system, the SUSM showed the returnability to the default position from several specified points, within an accuracy of 1°.
Modification of palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsions with hydrocolloid gum for enhanced topical delivery of ibuprofen (2012)

The modified nanoemulsion may be a promising vehicle to enhance the permeation of ibuprofen for topical delivery.
Interesterification (Acidolysis) of Butterfat with Conjugated Linoleic Acid in a Batch Reactor (2000)

Six commercial lipases, in free or immobilized form, were tested for their ability to catalyze acyl exchange between conjugated linoleic acid and anhydrous butterfat under solvent-free conditions. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase exhibited the best activity. Experiments were conducted for this lipase in butterfat to conjugated linoleic acid ratios of 10:1 (vol/vol), temperatures from 30 to 70 degrees C, enzyme concentrations of 50 to 200 mg/g of reaction mixture, and water contents of 0.15 to 2% (wt/wt). At the maximum enzyme concentration used, equilibrium was reached within the first 24 h of reaction. The optimum temperature was 50 degrees C. The triacylglycerol profile of the product butterfat reflected changes in the relative proportions of fatty acid residues as the reaction proceeded, with increases in those triacylglycerols containing 46 to 54 carbon atoms and concomitant decreases in those triacylglycerols containing 34 to 42 carbon atoms.
Cullins and Cancer (2010)

The cullin family of ubiquitin ligases can potentially assemble hundreds of RING-type E3 complexes (CRLs) by utilizing different substrate receptors that share common interaction domains. Cullin receptors dictate substrate specificity, and cullin-mediated substrate degradation controls a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of cullin activity has been shown to contribute to oncogenesis through the accumulation of oncoproteins or the excessive degradation of tumor suppressors. In this review, we will discuss cullin complexes and their substrates, the regulatory pathways that affect cullin activity, and the mechanisms by which cullins may facilitate or inhibit carcinogenesis.
Uncovering the Face of Android Ransomware: Characterization and Real-Time Detection (2017)

In recent years, we witnessed a drastic increase of ransomware, especially on popular mobile platforms including Android. Ransomware extorts victims for a sum of money by taking control of their devices or files. In light of their rapid growth, there is a pressing need to develop effective countermeasure solutions. However, the research community is still constrained by the lack of a comprehensive data set, and there exists no insightful understanding of mobile ransomware in the wild. In this paper, we focus on the Android platform and aim to characterize existing Android ransomware. Specifically, we have managed to collect 2,721 ransomware samples that cover the majority of existing Android ransomware families. Based on these samples, we systematically characterize them from several aspects, including timeline and malicious features. In addition, the detection results of existing anti-virus tools are rather disappointing, which clearly calls for customized anti-mobile-ransomware solutions. To detect ransomware that extorts users by encrypting data, we propose a novel real-time detection system, called RansomProber. By analyzing the user interface widgets of related activities and the coordinates of users' finger movements, RansomProber can infer whether the file encryption operations are initiated by users. The experimental results show that RansomProber can effectively detect encrypting ransomware with high accuracy and acceptable runtime performance.
Scanned probe microscopy, Santa Barbara, CA 1991 (1992)

Researchers in microscopy, practitioners in biology, materials science, engineering and physics.
Phase 2 Trial of Entospletinib (GS-9973), a Selective SYK Inhibitor, in Follicular Lymphoma (FL) (2014)

Abstract Background: Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a mediator of B-cell receptor signaling in normal and transformed B-cells. Entospletinib is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of Syk (Kd 7.6 nM, no other kinase < 100 nM). Methods: This Phase 2 trial is evaluating Entospletinib 800 mg BID in a 41 subject cohort with previously treated FL in a study of 165 subjects with lymphoid malignancies. Tumor imaging was planned at weeks 8, 16, 24 and then every 12. Tumor response was assessed per Cheson 2007 criteria. Results: For the subjects with FL included in this analysis, median age was 67 years (range 41 – 89), 49% were male. The median number of prior Rx regimens was 2 (range 1-8). Prior treatments (Rxs) included anti-CD20 antibodies (rituximab 100%, ofatumumab 5%), alkylating agents (95%; bendamustine 51%) and anthracyclines (51%). Baseline risk factors: Ann Arbor Stg III-IV (66%), Gr 3a FL (27%), FLIPI ≥3 (34%). At the time of this analysis, 41 subjects with follicular lymphoma were enrolled and 38 subjects have been treated through first response assessment (1 subject ongoing prior to first response assessment, 1subject discontinued due to AE and 1 subject withdrew consent). Entospletinib was generally well tolerated. The most common TEAEs (any Grade/≥Gr 3, independent of causality) were fatigue (46%/12%), nausea (42%/2%), diarrhea(27%/0%), decreased appetite (22%/0%), vomiting (22%/0%) and common laboratory abnormalities were increased AST (37%/17%), increased ALT (34%/20%), increased total bilirubin (27%/5%), anemia (34%/10%) and neutropenia (22%/10%). Reversible Grade 3 or 4 ALT/AST elevations occurred in 8 (19.5%) FL subjects. 3 subjects died while on study: 2 from progressive disease and 1 from acute renal failure investigator reported as unrelated to study drug. Investigator response assessments are available for 29 subjects, 16/29 (55%) subjects experienced reduced tumor bulk measured by SPD; 3 (10%) achieved a decrease of ≥ 50%. CR has not been observed at this early evaluation. 14/41 subjects continue on Rx. Median duration of Rx for all patients was 15 weeks. Among all patients who experienced reduction in tumor volume, median duration of Rx was 25 weeks (range 4-51). Conclusions: Entospletinib monotherapy given with this dose and schedule was generally well tolerated and demonstrated moderate activity in subjects with advanced relapsed FL, including those with poor prognostic features. Updated data with longer follow-up duration will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures Sharman: Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Klein:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Boxer:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Kolibaba:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Hawkins:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding. Abella:Gilead Sciences: Employment, Equity Ownership. Wu:Gilead Sciences: Employment, Equity Ownership. Yasenchak:Gilead Sciences: Research Funding.
Phase shifting phase contrast interferometer using a dye-doped liquid-crystal self-aligning phase modulator (2005)

A new phase contrast imaging system that permits a quantitative observation of phase distribution of a general object is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This is realized by implementing the phase shifting technique in the phase contrast imaging system. A dye-doped nematic liquid-crystal (NLC) is newly employed for this purpose as a variable phase filter in contrast to the constant phase plate employed in the conventional phase contrast microscope (PCM). The dye-doped NLC provides a practical advantage to the system that realizes an alignment-free optical system for the phase plate. The self-alignment property of the phase filter is realized by utilizing the local phase transition from the liquid-crystal to liquid, which is induced by the relatively strong incident light of the specular component of the object. In the experiment, the fundamental phase modulation property and the response of phase modulation ability were measured as a function of incident power of light. Next, the phase measurements were performed with several phase gratings and composite objects having different phase amplitudes and absorption. As an experimental result, the usefulness of the proposed method was confirmed, and the accuracy of the phase measurement was estimated to be λ/40. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the phase information could be obtained independently from the absorption component of the object.
How to select Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens in an expression library without defined probe. (1990)

The restricted access to Plasmodium falciparum liver stages has greatly limited the analysis of the antigenic content of that stage. Due to the lack of material to perform immunochemical studies, of access to mRNA, and of monoclonal probes, we decided to screen a genomic library with stage-restricted human antibodies. This strategy led to the identification of a large number of DNA fragments encoding both sporozoite specific as well as liver-stage specific epitopes. Following the initial characterization of one liver-stage antigen, further screening was performed by using additional selective human antibodies. These were defined as having a high degree of reactivity with native antigens on either of the two stages while being negative with the already known molecules of the two stages. From this second screening and the study of cross-reactions, several subsets of DNA clones expressing antigens present on the surface of sporozoites, or in liver stages, or in both, could be identified. In exposed individuals a high prevalence of antibodies to several of these antigens was found.
Cloth-Based Power Shirt for Wearable Energy Harvesting and Clothes Ornamentation (2015)

Harvesting ambient mechanical energy from human body motion has attracted great research interest. In this work, a power shirt based on triboelectrification and the electrostatic induction effect between fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and external objects is demonstrated. This power shirt can effectively convert the ambient mechanical energy into electric power, and the working mechanism is systematically discussed. A maximum short-circuit current density of ∼0.37 μA/cm2 and a maximum peak power density of ∼4.65 μW/cm2 were achieved. Simultaneously, 11 blue LEDs were lit by sliding the sleeve and power shirt, indicating the potential application of the power shirt in clothes ornamentation and risk warning. This study develops an efficient path for harvesting human body energy and promoting the development of wearable electronics and smart garments.
Dynamic self-assembly of magnetic particles on the fluid interface: Surface-wave-mediated effective magnetic exchange (2006)

We report on studies of dynamic self-assembled structures induced by a vertical alternating magnetic field in an ensemble of magnetic particles suspended on a liquid surface. We find the formation of nontrivially ordered dynamic snakelike objects in a certain range of field magnitudes and frequencies. In order to probe the properties of the "snakes," we study their magnetic response to in-plane magnetic field applied at different angles with respect to its axis. The segments of the snake exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic ordering mediated by the surface waves, while each segment is composed of ferromagnetically aligned chains of microparticles. We propose a simple phenomenological model where the effect of surface waves is replaced by an effective exchange interaction to describe the observations. In the framework of the proposed model, the effective exchange constant corresponding to different regimes of magnetic driving was extracted from the experimental data.