gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organoleptic evaluation of eggs produced by laying hens fed diets containing graded levels of flaxseed and vitamin E (1998)

Eighteen-week-old laying hens were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 20% ground flaxseed and 10 or 100 IU vitamin E/kg diet, in a factorial arrangement. When birds were 60 wk of age, eggs were collected from various treatments and used in taste panel studies. All studies involved freshly boiled eggs. In Experiment 1, four separate panels were conducted to obtain information on egg aroma, egg flavor, presence of any off-flavor, and overall acceptability of the egg. Pooled data showed a very significant difference among panelists for all attributes tested (P < 0.01) and off-flavors were detected in eggs from hens fed 10 and 20% flaxseed with 10 mg vitamin E/kg. In Experiment 2 panelists were asked to evaluate egg aroma, yolk flavor, and overall acceptability in eggs from birds fed the lowest level of vitamin E with 0 or 10% flaxseed, and birds fed 20% flaxseed and 10 or 100 mg vitamin E/kg. The highest ratings for egg aroma, yolk flavor, and overall acceptability were for the control eggs. There was a significant reduction in overall acceptability as flaxseed concentration increased (P < 0.05) and an interesting and significant (P < 0.05) decline in overall acceptability for birds fed 100 vs 10 IU vitamin E/kg diet in eggs for birds fed 20% flaxseed. In a third study, there was an indication of preference for eggs from birds not fed flaxseed, when the diet contained 10, rather than 100 IU vitamin E/kg diet. These data suggest that high (> 10%) levels of flaxseed used in the bird's diet will result in some decrease in overall egg acceptability as assessed by aroma and flavor. These effects seem to be accentuated by using high levels of vitamin E in the bird's diet.
Technical Solutions for Local Service Insertion in DVB-NGH Single Frequency Networks (2014)

Current digital terrestrial television networks make use of either single frequency networks (SFN) or multifrequency networks (MFN). These network topologies are not ideally suited for delivery of both global and local services in an efficient way. MFNs enable the efficient transmission of local services but need a significant amount of frequency spectrum. The basic principle of SFNs is that all transmitters radiate the same signal synchronized in time and frequency, therefore are especially suitable for global services due to mutual support of the signal by multiple transmitters. Without violating the SFN principle, local services meant to address sub-regions of an SFN must therefore be transmitted throughout the whole network, causing inefficient distribution of local services. This paper describes the complementary techniques adopted by the next generation mobile broadcasting standard digital video broadcasting-next generation handheld for providing global and local contents in SFN topologies: hierarchical modulation (H-LSI) and orthogonal local services insertion (O-LSI) techniques. H-LSI uses hierarchical modulation to transmit local services on top of the global services in areas close to the transmitters, by transmitting the local services in the low priority stream and the global services in the high priority stream. The O-LSI scheme specifies groups of OFDM subcarriers in specific OFDM symbols for the exclusive use of particular transmitters to transmit local services. For both techniques, the transmission of local content through the whole SFN network can be scheduled in a way that different local areas do not interfere with each other. In addition to the description of both H-LSI and O-LSI schemes, the applicability of these approaches in terms of network topologies, implementation issues, and performance evaluation are analyzed.
Positively Charged Chitosan and <i>N</i>-Trimethyl Chitosan Inhibit Aβ40 Fibrillogenesis (2015)

Amyloid fibrils, formed by aggregation of improperly folded or intrinsically disordered proteins, are closely related with the pathology of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, there is a great deal of interest in developing molecules that can bind and inhibit amyloid formation. In this regard, we have investigated the effect of two positively charged polysaccharides, chitosan (CHT) and its quarternary derivative N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), on the aggregation of Aβ40 peptide. Our aggregation kinetics and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies show that both CHT and TMC exhibit a concentration-dependent inhibiting activity on Aβ40 fibrillogenesis. Systematic pH-dependent studies demonstrate that the attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged moieties in CHT/TMC and the negatively charged residues in Aβ40 play a key role in this inhibiting activity. The stronger inhibiting activity of TMC than CHT further suggests the importance of charge density of the polymer chain in interacting with Aβ40 and blocking the fibril formation. The possible interactions between CHT/TMC and Aβ40 are also revealed at the atomic level by molecular docking simulation, showing that the Aβ40 monomer could be primarily stabilized by electrostatic interactions with charged amines of CHT and quaternary amines of TMC, respectively. Binding of CHT/TMC on the central hydrophobic core region of Aβ40 peptide may be responsible for blocking the propagation of the nucleus to form fibrillar structures. These results suggest that incorporation of sugar units such as d-glucosamine and N-trimethyl-d-glucosamine into polymer structural template may serve as a new strategy for designing novel antiamyloid molecules.
Engineering the next generation of large-area displays: prospects and pitfalls (2003)

Considerable effort is currently expounded on the development and improvement of the myriad display technologies that have come to the market place. In this paper, several key questions are addressed in the development of the future generation of large-area field-emission-based displays based on semiconducting amorphous carbon thin films and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The development of carbon-based cathodes has to date proceeded along empirical lines, with attempts to correlate the variation of field-emission characteristics with changes in deposition or post-deposition processing parameters, often without a full explanation being forthcoming. In addition, there have been incidents of incorrect interpretation of some of the results, due to a lack of appreciation of the significant differences between the different types of amorphous carbon film that exist. It is only recently that a fuller understanding of the different electron-emission mechanisms has begun to emerge through an understanding of the roles played by the electrical and structural inhomogeneity at nanometre level. This 'intrinsic dielectric inhomogeneity' is shown to possess some remarkable electronic properties, which also have important consequences for extrinsic inhomogeneous nanometre systems such as CNT and CNT-polymer-composite-based displays. The future outlook for broad-area displays based on amorphous carbon and CNTs is also addressed.
Autocorrelated Returns and Optimal Intertemporal Portfolio Choice (1997)

In recent years it has been shown empirically that stock returns exhibit positive or negative autocorrelation, depending on observation frequency. In this context of autocorrelated returns the present paper is the first to derive an explicit analytical solution to the dynamic portfolio problem of an individual agent saving for retirement (or other change of status, like the purchase of a house or starting college). Using a normal ARMA(1,1) process, dynamic programming techniques combined with the use of Stein's Lemma are employed to examine “dollar-cost-averaging” and “age effects” in intertemporal portfolio choice with CARA preferences. We show that with a positive moving average parameter and positive riskfree rates, if first-order serial correlation is nonnegative, then the expected value of the optimal risky investment is increasing over time, while if first-order serial correlation is negative this path can be increasing or decreasing over time. Thus a necessary but not sufficient condition to obtain the conventional age effect of increasing conservatism over time is that first-order serial correlation be negative. Further, dollar-cost averaging in the general sense of gradual entry into the risky asset does not emerge as an optimal policy. Simulation results for U.S. data are used to illustrate optimal portfolio paths.
Properties and Reaction Mechanism of DT Diaphorase from Rat Liver (1974)

Abstract DT diaphorase was purified to homogeneity from rat liver and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 5.0 ± 0.06 x 104 from sedimentation equilibrium experiments and to be 4.8 x 104 by thin layer gel filtration method using Sephadex G-200. The identity of FAD as a prosthetic group was confirmed by d-amino acid oxidase test. It was found that 1 mole of FAD was present per mole of enzyme. The interaction of the enzyme with NADPH and K3 in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin and dicumarol were also studied by steady state and stopped flow kinetic methods, together with binding experiments using [14C]K3 and [14C]dicumarol. The probable reaction sequences of the enzyme, including the pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of K3 mainly by a ping-pong type mechanism with a rate-limiting step at the point of dissociation of the enzymereduced K3 complex, are proposed. There is evidence that the native form of enzyme has two independent binding sites for K3 and dicumarol in its active center, forming the partially active enzyme-K3 complex reducible by NADPH but not oxidizable by K3 and the fully inactive enzyme-dicumarol complex not reducible by NADPH. The reduced species is capable of binding only K3. It was also demonstrated that bovine serum albumin competes with the native enzyme for K3 and dicumarol, probably through the ability of this simple protein to associate with these substances, preventing the formation of enzyme-K3 and enzyme-dicumarol complexes, and leading to the apparent increase in enzyme activity.
Reflection from a transversely moving mirror-experimental details (1977)

An experiment previously reported in a letter to Nature by Jennison and Davies (1974) has been improved and is now capable of detecting a frequency shift of two parts in 1018. The experiment shows that light is reflected from a transversely moving mirror without change in frequency to better than 0.2% of (v/c)2 where v is the velocity of the mirror and c is the velocity of light. The result is in agreement with the correct application of the theory of special relativity to the problem (as reported by Ashworth and Davies (1976)) in contrast to the results predicted by certain authors (Ditchburn (1952), Gerharz (1964), Dashchuk (1969)) who predicted a change in frequency of second order in v/c for light reflected from a transversely moving mirror. The technique has other applications and is therefore reported in greater detail in this paper.
Iridoids: A New Class of Leishmanicidal Agents from Nyctanthes arbortristis (1991)

Iridoid glucosides (arbortristosides A [I], B [2], C [3], and 6beta-hydroxy-loganin [4] isolated from the traditional plant Nyctanthes arbortristis show antileishmanial activity in both in vitro (against amastigotes in macrophage cultures) and in vivo (in hamsters) test systems.
An objective classification scheme for QSO spectra (1992)

A new approach to the classification of QSO rest-frame optical and ultraviolet spectra is presented. The statistical technique of principal component analysis (PCA) is applied directly to a sample of QSO ultraviolet spectra, rest-frame wavelengths λλ1150-2000, taken from the Large, Bright QSO Survey. A detailed discussion of the application of the PCA technique to QSO spectra is given. The PCA approach provides new insights into the relation between the continuum, emission-line, and broad-absorption-line properties of QSOs. The QSO spectra can be described using a small number of principal components, and a quantitative classification scheme for the rest-frame ultraviolet region has been devised. The major results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. The first three principal components obtained from the PCA account for ~75% of the QSO sample intrinsic variance, and a quantitative classification scheme based on the contribution of the components to each QSO spectrum can be developed. 2. One of the components describes the emission-line core strength, the second the continuum slope, and the third the broad absorption features present in a subset of the spectra. 3. Broad-absorption-line QSOs are naturally identified as a subclass of the QSO population. They show excess N V and A1 III + C II] emission relative to the QSO population as a whole. 4. The emission lines of the QSO sample show a spread of properties which can be arranged in a sequence ranging from broad, low-equivalent- width lines to narrow, high-equivalent-width lines. Other prod of the QSO spectra also vary along this sequence. For example, QSOs in the former category have higher N V/Lyman α, N V/C IV, and C IV/Lyman-α line ratios than objects with lines characteristic of the latter category, and the wavelength separation between the Lyman-α and C IV emission lines is larger in spectra in the former category than in the latter. 5. The continuum hardness correlates with the equivalent widths of C IV and Lyman-α emission lines but with a large scatter, and the equivalent width of the A1 III/C III] blend correlate with a smaller scatter. 6. A Baldwin Effect consistent with the results of other studies is present in the LBQS sample.
Development of Steel Rolling and Forming Operations for the Manufacture of Heavy Wall Spiral Welded Pipe (1995)

This paper discusses the development of the steel rolling and pipe making processes for the manufacture of heavy wall spiral welded pipe. It describes the various technical and operational problems encountered and their solutions.
Reducing the Computational Complexity of Multicasting in Large-Scale Antenna Systems (2017)

In this paper, we study the physical layer multicasting to multiple co-channel groups in large-scale antenna systems. The users within each group are interested in a common message and different groups have distinct messages. In particular, we aim at designing the precoding vectors solving the so-called quality of service (QoS) and weighted max-min fairness (MMF) problems, assuming that the channel state information is available at the base station (BS). To solve both problems, the baseline approach exploits the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Considering a BS with $N$ antennas, the SDR complexity is more than $\mathcal {O}(N^{6})$ , which prevents its application in large-scale antenna systems. To overcome this issue, we present two new classes of algorithms that, not only have significantly lower computational complexity than existing solutions, but also largely outperform the SDR-based methods. Moreover, we present a novel duality between transformed versions of the QoS and the weighted MMF problems. The duality explicitly determines the solution to the weighted MMF problem given the solution to the QoS problem, and vice versa. Numerical results are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and to make comparisons with existing alternatives under different operating conditions.
Pharmacological evidence for a role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in myocardial stunning. (1992)

These results suggest that opening myocardial K(ATP) channels in the ischemic heart results in a marked cardioprotective effect in stunned myocardium and that these channels may serve an endogenous function, which is to provide protection from ischemic insults.
Trivalent chromium, in atherosclerosis and diabetes. (1991)

The known effects of trivalent chromium (Cr) in lowering blood levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL), raising high density lipoproteins (HDL) and improving glucose tolerance are summarised. Chromium deficiency cannot easily be established by direct means, but can be inferred by the reversal of symptoms and signs following the administration of trivalent chromium. This evidence can be supported by knowledge or suspicion of a deficiency in the diet, common in those who use highly refined cereal foods. It is considered that the beneficial effects of chromium repletion are now so well established and the trivalent form is so free of toxicity that it should now be used in clinical medicine for the benefit of those with some forms of diabetes and its complications and those suffering from atherosclerosis. Of perhaps more importance is the public health aspect, since most chromium is discarded in the cereal refinement process, we now have added evidence for a return to the diets in which complex carbohydrates predominated. In those who refuse or are unable to do this, possibly the addition of chromium to their drinking water may be of value.
The PREP pipeline: standardized preprocessing for large-scale EEG analysis (2015)

The technology to collect brain imaging and physiological measures has become portable and ubiquitous, opening the possibility of large-scale analysis of real-world human imaging. By its nature, such data is large and complex, making automated processing essential. This paper shows how lack of attention to the very early stages of an EEG preprocessing pipeline can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and introduce unwanted artifacts into the data, particularly for computations done in single precision. We demonstrate that ordinary average referencing improves the signal-to-noise ratio, but that noisy channels can contaminate the results. We also show that identification of noisy channels depends on the reference and examine the complex interaction of filtering, noisy channel identification, and referencing. We introduce a multi-stage robust referencing scheme to deal with the noisy channel-reference interaction. We propose a standardized early-stage EEG processing pipeline (PREP) and discuss the application of the pipeline to more than 600 EEG datasets. The pipeline includes an automatically generated report for each dataset processed. Users can download the PREP pipeline as a freely available MATLAB library from http://eegstudy.org/prepcode.
Oxygen radicals as second messengers for expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein, JE/MCP-1, and the monocyte colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and immunoglobulin G. Evidence for involvement of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent oxidase. (1993)

The potential involvement of reactive oxygen species in the expression of genes involved in immune response was examined in mesangial cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and aggregated (aggr.) IgG increased mRNA levels for the monocyte chemoattractant protein, JE/MCP-1, and the colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1. Scavengers for free radicals such as di- and tetra-methylthiourea (DMTU and TMTU) attenuated the increase in mRNA levels in response to TNF-alpha and aggr. IgG. Generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine increased mRNA levels of these genes, but exogenous H2O2 did not. Addition of NADPH to activate a membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase generated superoxide and caused a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels and further enhanced the stimulation by TNF-alpha or aggr. IgG. An inhibitor of NADPH-dependent oxidase 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-acetophenone attenuated the rise in mRNA levels in response to TNF-alpha and aggr. IgG. By nuclear run-on experiments TNF-alpha, aggr. IgG and NADPH increased the transcription rates for JE/MCP-1 and CSF-1, effects inhibited by TMTU. We conclude that generation of reactive oxygen species, possibly by NADPH-dependent oxidase, are involved in the induction of the JE/MCP-1 and CSF-1 genes by TNF-alpha and IgG complexes. The concerted expression of leukocyte-directed cytokines represents a general response to tissue injury.
Very large area YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} film deposition (1996)

Large area deposition of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}} is desirable for cost-effective production of thin superconducting films at larger scale. The authors` technique of thermal co-evaporation should be particularly well suited for this goal because it is intrinsically homogeneous. They have achieved large area deposition by using a rotating disk heater with an oxygen pocket. This arrangement allows for intermittent metal deposition and oxidation in spatially separated zones. Here they present an improved version of this deposition scheme with which they fabricate high quality YBCO films on an area which is 9 inches in diameter. The area is used for simultaneous deposition on smaller wafers, e.g. 12 wafers of 2 inches, or for large sapphire wafers of 8 inches.
<title>Terminal area operations with enhanced and synthetic vision: experience in the Boeing technology demonstrator</title> (2003)

Several emerging technologies were recently demonstrated in a Boeing 737-900 as part of Boeing's Technology Demonstrator program. Among these technologies were two enhanced vision systems and a synthetic vision system, including synthetic displays to support surface operations. This project gained operational experience with enhanced and synthetic vision systems operating in a context that included Required Navigation Performance (RNP) terminal area operations, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) approach and landing, and Integrated Area Navigation (IAN). The technologies were demonstrated to a broad mix of constituents involved in research, regulation, and acquisition in the transport category environment. This paper describes the systems demonstrated, the context in which they were used, and perceived benefits of integrating them in an operational environment. Lessons learned in the implementation of these technologies throughout the program are described and subjective data from participants are summarized.
Bias-Optimal Incremental Learning of Control Sequences for Virtual Robots (2004)

Learning and planning control is hard. The search space of traditional planners consists of sequences of primitive actions. To exploit reusable subsequences and other algorithmic regularities, however, we should instead search the general space of programs that compute action sequences. Such programs may invoke very fast &quot;thinking actions&quot; consuming only nanoseconds (such as conditional jumps to certain code addresses) as well as very slow control actions consuming seconds in the real world (such as stretch-arm-until-obstacle-sensation). What is an optimal way of allocating time to tests of such non-homogeneous programs? What is an optimal way of reusing experience with previous tasks to learn solutions to new tasks? One answer is given by the recent Optimal Ordered Problem Solver OOPS, a near-bias-optimal incremental extension of Levin&apos;s nonincremental universal search, which we apply to virtual robotics for the first time: our snake robot uses OOPS to learn to walk and jump in a partially observable environment (POMDP) with a huge state/action space.
Invited paper: Expert systems in lens design (1991)

The SYNOPSYS - expert-systems program XSYS - is a radical departure from traditional methods of lens design. I describe typical problems that were presented to XSYS and show how the program can find useful sometimes unexpected starting points. 1.