gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial screening of the Algerian Lawsonia inermis (henna). (2010)

Henna represents one of the most effective traditional remedy against multiple diseases that includes ulcer, skin disorders and infection malignancies. Identifying the active ingredient of Henna species grown in different regions of the world will definitely advance its therapeutic application. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of the Algerian henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) was assessed against four strains of pathogenic bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and one multidrug resistant yeast namely C.albicans ATCC 10231. The henna DMSO, ethanolic and ethyl acetate leaves extracts were found to be the most active fractions against gram positive bacteria S.aureus and E.faecalis and the yeast C.albican. Such data suggests that this activity is strongly related to the presence of Lawsone in henna leaves. Inhibition of the microorganisms’ growth suggests that Algerian henna can be largely exploited in research of new antimicrobial drugs.
LOWER LIMIT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: DIFFUSION VERSUS LOCALIZATION (1998)

(1998). LOWER LIMIT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: DIFFUSION VERSUS LOCALIZATION. Microscale Thermophysical Engineering: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 5-9.
Religious Extremism and Sectarian Violence: The Rise of ISIS (2015)

How has the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as IS, ISIS, or ISIL) managed to take over such a large swath of territory in the Middle East?
High frequency of ki‐<i>ras</i> amplification and <i>p53</i> gene mutations in adenocarcinomas of the human esophagus (1995)

Mutated ras genes have been found to be conspicuously absent from primary tumors of the esophagus, although high expression of ras p21 oncoprotein in some esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and mutations of the Ki- and Ha-ras genes in esophageal carcinoma cell lines have been reported. In this study, we found amplification of the Ki-ras gene in four of 10 esophageal adenocarcinomas (40%). No such amplification was observed among 61 squamous cell carcinomas, one pseudosarcomatous carcinoma, and eight esophageal cell lines, nor in six adenocarcinomas of the stomach. In two samples on which immunohistochemical analysis could be performed, we found overexpression of Ki-ras proteins when compared with normal samples. This Ki-ras amplification in esophageal tumors did not correlate with any pathological feature of the tumors, with the survival of the patients, or with the presence of other genetic alterations. These findings provide the first evidence for amplification of the Ki-ras gene in human esophageal cancer, which is restricted to adenocarcinomas. We also found that six of eight adenocarcinomas had point mutations in the p53 gene; this is a considerably higher prevalence than that reported for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. These results strongly suggest that esophageal adenocarcinomas differ from squamous cell carcinomas in their molecular genetic characteristics.
Performance of Superposition Coded Broadcast/Unicast Service Overlay System (2008)

The system level performance of a superposition coded broadcast/unicast service overlay system is considered. Cellular network for unicast service only is considered as interference limited system, where increasing the transmission power does not help improve the network throughput especially when the frequency reuse factor is close to 1. In such cases, the amount of power that does not contribute to improving the throughput can be considered as “unused.” This situation motivates us to use the unused power for broadcast services, which can be efficiently provided in OFDM based single frequency networks as in digital multimedia broadcast systems. In this paper, we investigate the performance of such a broadcast/unicast overlay system in which a single frequency broadcast service is superimposed over a unicast cellular service. Alternative service multiplexing using FDM/TDM is also considered for comparison.
Cleavage of CDK Inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 by Caspases Is an Early Event during DNA Damage-induced Apoptosis (1998)

Activation of the p53-mediated DNA damage response induces either G1 cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The G1 cell cycle arrest is in part caused by the p53-dependent transcriptional activation of the CDK inhibitor, p21(Cip1/Waf1). We report here that human p21 protein is rapidly induced but selectively cleaved during the apoptotic response to gamma-irradiation. Such an event occurred early, well before the morphological appearance of apoptosis. Ectopical expression of p53 in tumor cells alone could induce p21 expression, followed by p21 cleavage and apoptosis. The cleavage of p21 could be reproduced in extracts prepared from irradiated cells or by recombinant caspase-3, suggesting that a caspase-like activity is responsible for this cleavage. p21 binds independently to both CDK2 and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Our studies indicated that p21 cleavage by the caspase-like activity specifically abolished its interaction with PCNA, suggesting that p21 cleavage may interfere with normal PCNA-dependent repair. Our data suggest that p21 may serve as a critical checkpoint regulator for both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis during the p53-mediated DNA damage response. Manipulation of the checkpoint regulators involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis may thus provide a novel strategy to cancer therapy.
TEM/EDXS studies of phase separation in block and graft copolymers (1987)

The relationships between molecular parameters and microdomain formation of a variety of block- and graft-copolymers were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Molecular variables included chemical composition: dimethyl-, fluoropropyl and diphenyl-siloxane , sulfone styrene, paramethylstyrene, t-butylstyrene, arylester and methyl methacrylate, as well as molecular weight and distribution. Effects of the kinetics of phase-separation were also determined . Thick (approximately lmm) films cast from solvent showed more complete phase separation than either thin (about 10nm) cast films or compression-molded specimens. Spherical domains formed in alternating poly(ester/siloxanes), and phase mixing seemed to correlate with the solubility parameters of the three siloxane types. Shear-stresses during molding changed domain shapes and eliminated short-range ordering. In the PMMA-graft-dimethyl siloxane system, SK, 10K and 20K <M<sub>n</sub>> siloxanes were incorporated at 16% and 45% by weight. At 16%, spherical siloxane domains formed in both thick- and thin-cast films. The domain sizes and interdomain distances scaled with siloxane molecular weight and total block molecular weight respectively to a 2/3 power law in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions for di- and triblock copolymers. Thin films cast from the 45% siloxane graft copolymers also showed spherical domains with sizes dependent on molecular weight. However, the thick films showed phase transitions from disordered bicontinuous (M<sub>n</sub> = 5K) to lamellar (M<sub>n</sub> = 10K) to cylindrical <M<sub>n</sub> = 20K). Qualitative TEM/EDX analysis of other systems was used to identify oligomers, homopolymers, and contaminants, thus monitoring the effects of novel reaction conditions and work-up procedures.
Scalable, Secure Cash Payment for WWW Resources with the PayMe Protocol Set (1995)

The use of the WWW as an electronic marketplace is increasing, and there is a need for a cash payment system that is scalable, anonymous, and secure. In this paper we examine two existing systems, Ecash and NetCash, discuss their strengths and weaknesses and propose a new system called the PayMe Transfer Protocol (PMTP). We show how it improves on existing systems and illustrate its use with an example based on purchase of goods across the WWW.
Using a Fiber Optic CAN Bus for the Proton Source Control of the CERN PS-Linac (1997)

Following the recommendations for the use of field buses at CERN, the CAN (Controller Area Network) bus has been chosen to control and acquire the necessary parameters of the proton source of the LINAC II. This project represents two novel aspects, one on the hardware and one on the software side: since the source is on a high electrical potential (92 kV), a fiber-optic interface has been developed which permits communication between the VME CAN bus controller and the CAN equipment in the proton source over optic fibers. Concerning the software, the CAN protocol had to be integrated into the equipment access method used at the PS. 1 Introduction Protons for the CERN accelerators are produced by a Duoplasmatron source [1]. The protons are injected into the LINAC2 where they are accelerated to 50 MeV. Fig. 1 shows the mechanical set-up of the proton source. The task was to connect the proton source to the VME based control system of the PS [2]. In the previous system, the control elec...
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Flow-Focusing Bubble Generator: An Inverted Dripping Faucet (2005)

We describe the rich dynamic behavior--including period-doubling and period-halving bifurcations, intermittency, and chaos--observed in the breakup of an inviscid fluid in a coflowing, viscous liquid, both confined in a microfabricated flow-focusing geometry. Experimental observations support inertia-dominated dynamics of the interface, and suggest the possible similarity to the dynamics of a topologically inverted counterpart of this system, that is, a dripping faucet.
Use of naturally fluorescent triacylglycerols from Parinari glaberrimum to detect low lipase activities from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (1999)

The aim of this study was to design a convenient, specific, sensitive, and continuous lipase activity assay using natural long-chain triacylglycerols (TAGs). Oil was extracted from Parinari glaberrimum seed kernels and the purified TAGs were used as a substrate for detecting low levels of lipase activities. The purified TAGs are naturally fluorescent because more than half of the fatty acids from Parinari oil are known to contain 9,11,13, 15-octadecatetraenoic acid (parinaric acid) in its esterified form. The presence of detergents (sodium taurodeoxycholate, CHAPS, Sulfobetaine SB12, Tween 20, Brij 35, Dobanol, n-dodecylglucoside) above their critical micellar concentration dramatically increases the fluorescence of the parinaric acid released by various lipases. This increase in the fluorescence intensity is linear with time and proportional to the amount of lipase added. This new method, performed under non-oxidative conditions, was applied successfully to detecting low lipase levels in crude protein extracts from plant seeds and could be scaled down to microtiterplate measurements. Quantities as low as 0.1 ng of pure pancreatic lipase could be detected under standard conditions (pH 8). Lipase activity can also be assayed in acidic media (pH 5) using human gastric lipase. This simple and continuous assay is compatible with a high sample throughput and might be applied to detecting true lipase activities in various biological samples.
Multi-compartment microscopic diffusion imaging (2016)

This paper introduces a multi-compartment model for microscopic diffusion anisotropy imaging. The aim is to estimate microscopic features specific to the intra- and extra-neurite compartments in nervous tissue unconfounded by the effects of fibre crossings and orientation dispersion, which are ubiquitous in the brain. The proposed MRI method is based on the Spherical Mean Technique (SMT), which factors out the neurite orientation distribution and thus provides direct estimates of the microscopic tissue structure. This technique can be immediately used in the clinic for the assessment of various neurological conditions, as it requires only a widely available off-the-shelf sequence with two b-shells and high-angular gradient resolution achievable within clinically feasible scan times. To demonstrate the developed method, we use high-quality diffusion data acquired with a bespoke scanner system from the Human Connectome Project. This study establishes the normative values of the new biomarkers for a large cohort of healthy young adults, which may then support clinical diagnostics in patients. Moreover, we show that the microscopic diffusion indices offer direct sensitivity to pathological tissue alterations, exemplified in a preclinical animal model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), a genetic multi-organ disorder which impacts brain microstructure and hence may lead to neurological manifestations such as autism, epilepsy and developmental delay.
A direct digital synthesis based chirp radar transmitter in 0.13 &#x00B5;m SiGe technology (2013)

This paper presents an X-band direct digital synthesis (DDS) based chirp radar transmitter implemented in 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The transmitter contains a quadrature DDS, two low-pass filters, an IF IQ modulator, a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a RF mixer and a pre-amplifier. The DDSs, built with two digital-to-analog converters (DACs), generate two-channel IQ baseband chirp signals from 62MHz to 77MHz. The IQ chirp signals are filtered by two programmable 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order Butterworth filters before up-converted to the IF frequency with IQ modulators. The filtered IF signal is further up-converted to the desired radio frequency by an RF mixer. The proposed transmitter thus generates a chirp signal at 8.6GHz, consuming a total power of 333 mW from 2.2V and 1.5V power supplies.
Data Model as an Architectural View (2009)

A data model is commonly created to describe the structure of the data handled in information systems and persisted in database management systems. That structure is often represented in entity-relationship diagrams or UML class diagrams. These diagrams basically show data entities and their relationships. The data model for a given system can be seen as an architectural view. Code units (e.g., classes, packages) and runtime components (e.g., processes, threads) are most commonly regarded as software architecture elements. However, a software architecture document may contain architectural views that show other types of elements beyond these first class software elements-a deployment view showing hardware nodes and deployment files is an example. The data model showing the structure of the database in terms of data entities and their relationships is another example. Among other practical purposes, the data model serves as the blueprint for the physical database, helps implementation of the data access layer of the system, and has strong impact on performance and modifiability. This technical note describes the elements, relations, constraints, and notations for the data model.
Active Control of Aerial Refueling Drogue (2014)

Modest elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with type 2 diabetes. We previously revealed in mice that increased CRP causes insulin resistance and mice globally deficient in the CRP receptor Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) were protected from the disorder. FcγRIIB is expressed in numerous cell types including endothelium and B lymphocytes. Here we investigated how endothelial FcγRIIB influences glucose homeostasis, using mice with elevated CRP expressing or lacking endothelial FcγRIIB. Whereas increased CRP caused insulin resistance in mice expressing endothelial FcγRIIB, mice deficient in the endothelial receptor were protected. The insulin resistance with endothelial FcγRIIB activation was due to impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake caused by attenuated insulin delivery, and it was associated with blunted endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation in skeletal muscle. In culture, CRP suppressed endothelial cell insulin transcytosis via FcγRIIB activation and eNOS antagonism. Furthermore, in knock-in mice harboring constitutively active eNOS, elevated CRP did not invoke insulin resistance. Collectively these findings reveal that by inhibiting eNOS, endothelial FcγRIIB activation by CRP blunts insulin delivery to skeletal muscle to cause insulin resistance. Thus, a series of mechanisms in endothelium that impairs insulin movement has been identified that may contribute to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
Mouse granuloma pouch induced by Freund's complete adjuvant with croton oil. (1985)

A mouse inflammation model of chronic proliferative type was newly produced in this study. Among a great many methods examined in mice, only an air-pouch method with Freund's complete adjuvant with 0.1% croton oil obviously induced the granuloma pouch with well-developed vascularization, which a little differed from that seen in rats. Both granuloma formation and fluid exudation in this adjuvant pouch increased until one or two weeks after treatment, respectively, followed by reducing gradually to become nearly normal at 12 weeks after. The pathohistological study exhibited liquefaction necrosis in the earlier stage, followed by coagulation necrosis accompanied with inflammatory cells infiltration. The nascently sprouted capillaries were well-developed and then the fibrous tissue formation proceeded along with the vascularization. The granuloma finally changed to scars and callous tissues. Intrapouch injection of hydrocortisone and indomethacin decreased the pouch fluid and the pouch wall weight. In conclusion, the adjuvant pouch in mice may be a feasible experimental model for the pharmacological study on the vascularization in the acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
Ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in capillary electrophoresis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrasensitive fluorescence detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in capillary electrophoresisShuming. Nie, Rajeev. Dadoo, and Richard N. ZareCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 24, 3571–3575Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00072a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00072a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
XIX. A scintillation spectrometer for high-energy gamma-rays (1952)

Summary This paper describes a scintillation spectrometer, which measures the energy of the pairs produced by gamma-rays. Each gamma-energy gives a symmetric peak in the energy distribution. The width at half-maximum is 7% at 4 mev. The greatest advantage of this apparatus is the high sensitivity. It has been possible to measure sources with a strength of about 0·1 μc.
GaAs/GaAlAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with cutoff frequencies above 10 GHz (1982)

This paper describes the fabrication and high-frequency performance of an npn GaAs/GaAlAs heterojunction bipolar transistor. The fabrication process utilized molecular beam epitaxy, and featured a nominal base layer thickness of 500Å. The cutoff frequency,f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> , of the transistor was measured to be 11 GHz (a value which was limited by parasitic elements associated with bonding pads and bond-wires).
Bacteriophages: an overview of the control strategies against multiple bacterial infections in different fields (2018)

Bacteriophages (phages/viruses) need host bacteria to replicate and propagate. Primarily, a bacteriophage contains a head/capsid to encapsidate the genetic material. Some phages contain tails. Phages encode endolysins to hydrolyze bacterial cell wall. The two main classes of phages are lytic or virulent and lysogenic or temperate. In comparison with antibiotics, to deal with bacterial infections, phage therapy is thought to be more effective. In 1921, the use of phages against bacterial infections was first demonstrated. Later on, in humans, phage therapy was used to treat skin infections caused by Pseudomonas species. Furthermore, phages were successfully employed against infections in animals - calves, lambs, and pigs infected with Escherichia coli. In agriculture, for instance, phages have successfully been used e.g., Apple blossom infection, caused by Erwinia amylovora, was effectively catered with the use of bacteriophages. Bacteriophages were also used to control E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter contamination in food. Comparatively, phage display is a recently discovered technology, whereby, bacteriophages play a significant role. This review is an effort to collect almost recent and relevant information regarding applications and complications associated with the use of bacteriophages.
A Component Based Deformable Model for Generalized Face Alignment (2007)

This paper presents a component based deformable model for generalized face alignment, in which a novel bi-stage statistical framework is proposed to account for both local and global shape characteristics. Instead of using statistical analysis on the entire shape as in previous alignment work, we build separate Gaussian models for shape components to preserve more detailed local shape deformations. In each model of components the Markov Network is integrated to provide simple geometry constraints for our search strategy. In order to make a better description of the nonlinear interrelationships over the shape components, the Gaussian process latent variable model is adopted to obtain enough control of full range shape variations. Furthermore, we propose an illumination-robust feature to lead the local fitting of every shape point when light conditions change dramatically. Based on this approach, our system can generate optimal shape for images with exaggerated expressions and under variable illumination, as evidenced by extensive experimentation.
Intervju: Don Kulick : Refuserad på grund av hudfärg (2017)

Vilka risker finns det nar den sociala och politiska aktivismen blir styrande for forskningen? Den inflytelserike antropologen Don Kulick vid Uppsala universitet blev nyligen refuserad av ett ameri ...
For Parents Particularly: Television in the Lives of Children and Their Families (1993)

"For Parents Particularly: Television in the Lives of Children and Their Families." Childhood Education, 70(2), pp. 103–104