gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride single-mode fiber laser (1991)

Laser oscillation at 1.312 mu m was achieved using a Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride single-mode fiber laser pumped at 1.017 mu m. The operation of a rare-earth-doped fiber laser at 1.31 mu m, which is one of the central wavelengths in conventional optical telecommunication trunk line systems, was demonstrated for the first time using Pr/sup 3+/ ion as an active ion. The laser cavity consists of a mirror and a cleaved fiber facet used as an output mirror. The maximum output power, threshold pump, and slope efficiency are 26 mW, 370 mW, and 9.86%, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speed and portability issues for random number generation on graphical processing units with CUDA and other processing accelerators (2011)

Generating quality random numbers is a performance-critical application for many scientific simulations. Modern processing acceleration techniques such as: graphical co-processing units(GPUs), multi-core conventional CPUs; special purpose multi-core CPUs; and parallel computing approaches such as multi-threading on shared memory or message passing on clusters, all offer ways to speed up random number generation (RNG). Providing fast generators that are also portable across hardware and software platforms is non-trivial however, particularly since many of the powerful devices available at present do not yet support full 64-bit operations upon which many good RNG algorithms rely. We report performance data for a range of common RNG algorithms on devices including: GPUs; CellBE; multicore CPUs; and hybrids, and discuss algorithmic and implementation issues.
N-type multicrystalline silicon wafers for solar cells (2005)

In n-type silicon the capture cross sections of metallic impurities, are neatly smaller than in p-type. So, lifetime and also diffusion length of minority carriers should be neatly higher. This is of a paramount interest for multicrystalline silicon wafers, in which the impurity-defects interaction governs the recombination strength of minority carriers. In 1.2 /spl Omega/cm wafer, lifetime is found around 200 /spl mu/s and diffusion lengths around 220 /spl mu/m, These values increase strongly after gettering treatments like phosphorus diffusion or AI-Si alloying. Scan maps reveal that extended defects are poorly active, even when the density of dislocation is higher than 10/sup 5/ cm/sup -2/. High quality abrupt p/sup +/n junctions are obtained by Al-Si alloying and annealing at 850 or 900 /spl deg/C, which could be used for rear junction cells.
Automated Monitoring with a BSP Fault-Detection Test (2003)

The figure schematically illustrates a method and procedure for automated monitoring of an asset, as well as a hardware- and-software system that implements the method and procedure. As used here, asset could signify an industrial process, power plant, medical instrument, aircraft, or any of a variety of other systems that generate electronic signals (e.g., sensor outputs). In automated monitoring, the signals are digitized and then processed in order to detect faults and otherwise monitor operational status and integrity of the monitored asset. The major distinguishing feature of the present method is that the fault-detection function is implemented by use of a Bayesian sequential probability (BSP) technique. This technique is superior to other techniques for automated monitoring because it affords sensitivity, not only to disturbances in the mean values, but also to very subtle changes in the statistical characteristics (variance, skewness, and bias) of the monitored signals.
Comparative insights into the saccharification potentials of a relatively unexplored but robust Penicillium funiculosum glycoside hydrolase 7 cellobiohydrolase (2017)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about a comprehensive and comparative description of CBH1 from hypercellulolytic ascomycete-<i>P. funiculosum</i> NCIM1228, against the backdrop of the same enzyme from the industrial workhorse-<i>T. reesei</i>. Our study reveals PfCBH1 as a viable alternative for CBH1 from <i>T. reesei</i> in industrial cellulase cocktails.
Improving circuit testability by clock control (2002)

The testability of a sequential circuit can be improved by controlling the clock of individual storage elements during testing. We propose several clock control strategies derived from an analysis of the circuit, its S-graph structure, and its function. Through examples we show how the number of clocks affects the circuit's testability. It is shown that if certain flip-flops (FFs) are scanned (or otherwise initialized), the remaining FFs can be controlled and initialized to any arbitrary state using the clock control. We derive a controllability graph and use it to assign clocks to FFs and to schedule the clocks to set the FFs to an arbitrary state during test. Our analysis of sequential benchmark circuits indicates that this could be an attractive scheme for combining partial scan with clock control.
Autologous bone marrow stromal cells loaded onto porous hydroxyapatite ceramic accelerate bone repair in critical-size defects of sheep long bones (2000)

The ability of marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells to promote repair of critical-size tibial gaps upon autologous transplantation on a hydroxyapatite ceramic (HAC) carrier was tested in a sheep model. Conditions for in vitro expansion of sheep bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were established and the osteogenic potential of the expanded cells was validated. Ectopic implantation of sheep BMSC in immunocompromised mice led to extensive bone formation. When used to repair tibial gaps in sheep, cell-loaded implants (n = 2) conducted a far more extensive bone formation than did cell-free HAC cylinders (n = 2) over a 2-month period. In cell-loaded implants, bone formation was found to occur both within the internal macropore space and around the HAC cylinder while in control cell-free implants, bone formation was limited mostly to the outer surface and was not observed in most of the inner pores. As tested in an indentation assay, the stiffness of the complex HAC-bone material was found to be higher in cell-loaded implants compared to controls. Our pilot study on a limited number of large-sized animals suggests that the use of autologous BMSC in conjunction with HAC-based carriers results in faster bone repair compared to HAC alone. Potentially this combination could be used clinically in the treatment of extensive long bone defects.
Spatial coherence modulation (2008)

The principles of amplitude and phase modulation of the spatial coherence of the optical field are discussed. They are based on the modification of the phase-space diagram of the field, provided by the marginal power spectrum, which allows synthesis of the modulating functions of the spatial coherence and the corresponding complex transmissions to be transferred onto a spatial light modulator for application purposes. Numerical and experimental results are presented. This novel technique can be applied in designing specific shapes of power distributions.
Enzymes of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast (2006)

D-Glucosamine is an important building block of major structural components of the fungal cell wall, namely chitin, chitosan and mannoproteins. Other amino sugars, such as D-mannosamine and D-galactosamine, relatively abundant in higher eukaryotes, rarely occur in fungal cells and are actually absent from yeast and yeast-like fungi. The glucosamine-containing sugar nucleotide UDP-GlcNAc is synthesized in yeast cells in a four-step cytoplasmic pathway. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge on the enzymes catalysing the particular steps of the pathway in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a special emphasis put on mechanisms of the catalysed reactions, regulation of activity and perspectives for exploitation of enzymes participating in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis as potential targets for antifungal chemotherapy.
Large-Scale Analysis of Neural Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells (2006)

The past few years have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of stem cell biology. The wealth of genomic data and the multiplicity of sources have enabled researchers to begin to profile stem cells in detail. In this paper we describe the biological and technical controls necessary to obtain reliable data and the relative merits of various large-scale analytical techniques including microarray, expressed sequence tag enumeration, serial analysis of gene expression and massively parallel signature sequencing. We suggest that while much has been learned, additional information remains to be gleaned by meta-analysis of existing data.
<title>Digital Filters For Infrared Target Acquisition Sensors</title> (1980)

This paper describes an extension of the linear matched filter concept as it applies to the detection of resolved targets embedded in spatially correlated background clutter. The practical problems associated with the design of filters matched to sets of targets are discussed. The use of multiple or parallel filters for the detection of dissimilar targets or target ensembles is also described. Finally, the performance of ensemble matched filters and parallel filters is compared through the use of a twenty scene background data set.
Shoulder Surf Resistant Screen Locking for Smartphones: A Review of Fifty Non-Biometric Methods (2018)

With a lot of personal information being stored in the smartphones nowadays, there is an urgent need to protect them from unauthorised access. The first line of defense of a smartphone is its screen lock. Thus, many screen locking methods have been designed with the aim of minimising, if not eliminating the chances of unauthorised access through attacks such as shoulder surfing. This paper provides an overview on the state of research on non-biometric shoulder surf resistant screen locking methods with the aim to identify the techniques used by these methods in defending against shoulder surf attacks. A systematic literature review performed found a total of 84 methods designed and developed to date, which covers the time span of ten years. A notably higher number of new methods was published each year during the last five years and the number continues to grow steadily, indicating the relevance and currentness of the research area. Non-biometric screen locking methods in particular was found to constitute the majority of the methods with 50 methods. During the analysis, these methods were first vertically classified into PIN-based, pattern-based and image-based. Then they were horizontally categorised into those that use fixed password and those that use one-time password to unlock the screen. At the end of the analysis, a total of ten shoulder surf resistant techniques used in these methods was extracted. These techniques were used either in isolation or in combination with one another. Findings from this study would be useful in providing the state-of-the-art summary of the non-biometric shoulder surf resistant screen locking methods.
Atomic Layer Deposition and Characterization of Aluminum Silicate Thin Films for Optical Applications (2010)

Optical multilayer interference coatings rely on the refractive index differences and specific thicknesses of the low and high refractive index materials used in optical multilayer structures. An accurate control of important parameters such as film thicknesses, uniformities, and refractive indexes is demanding. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) inherently possesses many characteristics beneficial for obtaining fully conformal and uniform films of specific thicknesses with excellent repeatability. Additionally, the layer-by-layer deposition of the films allows tuning of the film stack properties, such as refractive index, which is an advantage when designing optical filters. By now, has been most often used as a low refractive index material in ALD made interference filters because of a lack of suitable ALD processes. To lower the refractive index from that of , we have developed and examined various ALD processes of aluminum silicate thin films. We concentrate on reporting the refractive indexes, growth rates, and compositions of the films as these parameters are vital for screening suitable ALD processes for optical applications. By varying the amount of silicon in the thin films, the refractive indexes between 1.47 and 1.59 were obtained in this study.
A Cold-regulated Nucleic Acid-binding Protein of Winter Wheat Shares a Domain with Bacterial Cold Shock Proteins (2002)

The molecular mechanisms of cold acclimation are still largely unknown; however, it has been established that overwintering plants such as winter wheat increases freeze tolerance during cold treatments. In prokaryotes, cold shock proteins are induced by temperature downshifts and have been proposed to function as RNA chaperones. A wheat cDNA encoding a putative nucleic acid-binding protein, WCSP1, was isolated and found to be homologous to the predominant CspA of Escherichia coli. The putative WCSP1 protein contains a three-domain structure consisting of an N-terminal cold shock domain with two internal conserved consensus RNA binding domains and an internal glycine-rich region, which is interspersed with three C-terminal CX(2)CX(4)HX(4)C (CCHC) zinc fingers. Each domain has been described independently within several nucleotide-binding proteins. Northern and Western blot analyses showed that WCSP1 mRNA and protein levels steadily increased during cold acclimation, respectively. WCSP1 induction was cold-specific because neither abscisic acid treatment, drought, salinity, nor heat stress induced WCSP1 expression. Nucleotide binding assays determined that WCSP1 binds ssDNA, dsDNA, and RNA homopolymers. The capacity to bind dsDNA was nearly eliminated in a mutant protein lacking C-terminal zinc fingers. Structural and expression similarities to E. coli CspA suggest that WCSP1 may be involved in gene regulation during cold acclimation.
Sweden, the crown of the state (1970)

Tbe role of Swedish royal family has been reduced to an almost exclusively ceremonial one during the 20th century, and this reduction of functions has possibly been carried out further in Sweden than in any other monarchy - with the exception of Japan. The Swedish King is for example no longer responsible even pro forma for the formation of the Government, but it took a long time before he was thus stripped of all his power.By the mid-1800s his influence on the economy had been greatly diminished, and by 1905 (when the union with Norway was dissolved) bis influence on foreign policy had also vanished. Tbe last time a Swedish King ex erts any real power is in 1914, when he insisted on choosing bis own advisors. In reality he only managed to substitute a government he disliked for one which he liked better (even if it wasn't his first choice). But after 1917, when the King is forced to accept a government which included Social Democrats, his influence is reduced to virtually nothing. Officially, however, the King is not reduced to figure-head until 1974, when the new Swedish constitution was passed. Tbe new constitution stated, after a great deal of negociating between the Social Democrats and the nonsocialist parties, that Sweden should remain a monarchy hut the Head of State should only have a ceremonial role. Apparently no one in the royal f amily had any serious objections to this new order and they didn 't try to stop it. Power and influence is not, however, only related to the laws of a country. The King and the whole royal family still exert a good deal of influence over the Swedish people by setting an example. The image the royal family wants to project is that of traditional conservative values ; they are all in f a vor of a strong defence, church going and f amily life. The present King has given bis opinion on a few occasions on rather controversial issues - whether this has been part of a strategy or simply a mistake is impossible to say. All in all the present royal family seems to be quite satisfied with their position as figure-head on the Swedish barge, which, according to the public opinion polls, the Swedish people consider to be a very fitting role for a modern monarch.
Interference microscope with a frequency shift for the investigation of the refractive-index profiles of glass fibers (1979)

A description is given of the optical part of an interference microscope designed for the investigation of local phase inhomogeneities of transparent media. A frequency shift of one of the interfering beams makes it possible to increase the precision of the measurements and to automate them. The results are given of investigations of the refractive-index profiles of glass-fiber waveguides.
A Generative Attentional Neural Network Model for Dialogue Act Classification (2017)

We propose a novel generative neural network architecture for Dialogue Act classification. Building upon the Recurrent Neural Network framework, our model incorporates a new attentional technique and a label-to-label connection for sequence learning, akin to Hidden Markov Models. Our experiments show that both of these innovations enable our model to outperform strong baselines for dialogue-act classification on the MapTask and Switchboard corpora. In addition, we analyse empirically the effectiveness of each of these innovations.
A Charge Pump Circuit Without Overstress in Low-Voltage CMOS Standard Process (2007)

An all PMOS charge pump circuit without over- stress is proposed in low-voltage standard process in this paper. The proposed circuit can reduce the equivalent on-resistance of the charge-transfer transistors and can avoid the body effect due to the two pumping branches architecture. Therefore, its voltage pumping efficiency is much higher than that of the conventional designs. Moreover, the maximum gate-source, gate-drain and drain-source voltages of all transistors in the proposed charge pump circuit do not exceed the power supply voltage Vdd. The proposed charge pump circuit has been realized in a standard CMOS N-Well 0.35 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m technology. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed charge pump circuit has very high voltage pumping efficiency without overstress. Therefore, the proposed circuit is suitable for implementation in low-voltage CMOS standard process.
The Use of Historic and Contemporary Justifications for Killing Wolves By the Palin Administration (2009)

The State of Alaska currently employs various methods of killing wolves, including having private citizens hunt them from airplanes and, at least in one case, having government employees remove wol...
Deep learning based super-resolution for improved action recognition (2015)

Action recognition systems mostly work with videos of proper quality and resolution. Even most challenging benchmark databases for action recognition, hardly include videos of low-resolution from, e.g., surveillance cameras. In videos recorded by such cameras, due to the distance between people and cameras, people are pictured very small and hence challenge action recognition algorithms. Simple upsampling methods, like bicubic interpolation, cannot retrieve all the detailed information that can help the recognition. To deal with this problem, in this paper we combine results of bicubic interpolation with results of a state-of-the-art deep learning-based super-resolution algorithm, through an alpha-blending approach. The experimental results obtained on down-sampled version of a large subset of Hoolywood2 benchmark database show the importance of the proposed system in increasing the recognition rate of a state-of-the-art action recognition system for handling low-resolution videos.
A 1.1V 3.1-to-9.5GHz MB-OFDM UWB transceiver in 90nm CMOS (2006)

A 3.1-to-9.5GHz UWB transceiver is implemented in 90nm CMOS technology. It includes a 12-band synthesizer and wideband TX/RX chains operating from a 1.1V supply. The transceiver provides a TX0IP3 of 7.2 to 8.6dBm, an RX gain of 58 to 64dB, and a NF of 6.3 to 7.8dB across 12 bands
Allelic and ectopic interactions in recombination-defective yeast strains. (1991)

Ectopic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated by examining the effects of mutations known to alter allelic recombination frequencies. A haploid yeast strain disomic for chromosome III was constructed in which allelic recombination can be monitored using leu2 heteroalleles on chromosome III and ectopic recombination can be monitored using ura3 heteroalleles on chromosomes V and II. This strain contains the spo13-1 mutation which permits haploid strains to successfully complete meiosis and which rescues many recombination-defective mutants from the associated meiotic lethality. Mutations in the genes RAD50, SPO11 and HOP1 were introduced individually into this disomic strain using transformation procedures. Mitotic and meiotic comparisons of each mutant strain with the wild-type parental strain has shown that the mutation in question has comparable effects on ectopic and allelic recombination. Similar results have been obtained using diploid strains constructed by mating MATa and MAT alpha haploid derivatives of each of the disomic strains. These data demonstrate that ectopic and allelic recombination are affected by the same gene products and suggest that the two types of recombination are mechanistically similar. In addition, the comparison of disomic and diploid strains indicates that the presence of a chromosome pairing partner during meiosis does not affect the frequency of ectopic recombination events involving nonhomologous chromosomes.
Fetal Growth Factors as Determinants of Intrauterine Hepatic Growth (1991)

To understand mechanisms at the cellular level that may lead to the selective organomegaly seen in fetuses of diabetic mothers, we examined the role of insulin and autocrine-paracrine growth factors in the regulation of hepatic growth in the fetal rat. Analyses of fetal liver from the last one-third of gestation demonstrated the presence of specific mRNAs for the transforming growth factors (TGFs) TGF-alpha and TGF-beta. TGF-alpha, a homologue of epidermal growth factor (EGF), acts through EGF receptors. Levels of mRNA for TGF-alpha increased dramatically postnatally, whereas EGF receptor number increased just before term. In contrast, levels of mRNA for TGF-beta, an inhibitor of epithelial cell growth, were greater in fetal liver than in adult liver, as was TGF-beta-receptor binding. Other analyses demonstrated increases in tyrosine kinase activities of the insulin receptor, EGF receptor, and insulinlike growth factor I receptor as term approached. Proliferation of fetal rat hepatocytes in primary culture did not require mitogens or serum, consistent with production and activity of autocrine-paracrine growth factors. TGF-beta was a potent inhibitor of fetal hepatocyte proliferation in culture, whereas insulin potentiated fetal hepatocyte growth above "mitogen-independent" levels. The regulatory mechanisms controlling fetal hepatic growth involve a complex interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory factors. Growth factor expression, receptor expression, receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and postreceptor signal transmission represent potential loci for insulin action that might be involved in the pathogenesis of fetal macrosomia seen in diabetic pregnancies.