gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The age-dependent decline of the extracellular thiol-disulfide balance and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can cause a severe respiratory distress syndrome. The risk of severe manifestations and mortality characteristically increase in the elderly and in the presence of non-COVID-19 comorbidity. We and others previously demonstrated that the low molecular weight (LMW) and protein thiol/disulfide ratio declines in human plasma with age and such decline is even more rapid in the case of inflammatory and premature aging diseases, which are also associated with the most severe complications of COVID-19 infection. The same decline with age of the LMW thiol/disulfide ratio observed in plasma appears to occur in the extracellular fluids of the respiratory tract and in association with many pulmonary diseases that characteristically reduce the concentrations and adaptive stress response of the lung glutathione. Early evidence in literature suggests that the thiol to disulfide balance of critical Cys residues of the COVID-19 spike protein and the ACE-2 receptor may influence the risk of infection and the severity of the disease, with a more oxidizing environment producing the worst prognosis. With this hypothesis paper we propose that the age-dependent decline of LMW thiol/disulfide ratio of the extracellular fluids, could play a role in promoting the physical (protein-protein) interaction of CoV-2 and the host cell in the airways. Therefore, this redox-dependent interaction is expected to affect the risk of severe infection in an age-dependent manner. The hypothesis can be verified in experimental models of in vitro CoV-2 infection and at the clinical level in that LMW thiols and protein thiolation can now be investigated with standardized, reliable and versatile laboratory protocols. Presenting the verification strategy of our hypothesis, we also discuss available nutritional and ancillary pharmacological strategies to intervene on the thiol/disulfide ratio of extracellular fluids of subjects at risk of infection and COVID-19 patients.
Integrated parabolic nanolenses on MicroLED color pixels (2018)

A parabolic nanolens array coupled to the emission of a nanopillar micro-light emitting diode (LED) color pixel is shown to reduce the far field divergence. For a blue wavelength LED, the total emission is 95% collimated within a 0.5 numerical aperture zone, a 3.5x improvement over the same LED without a lens structure. This corresponds to a half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) line width reduction of 2.85 times. Using a resist reflow and etchback procedure, the nanolens array dimensions and parabolic shape are formed. Experimental measurement of the far field emission shows a HWHM linewidth reduction by a factor of 2x, reducing the divergence over the original LED.
Fiber‐forming blend polypropylene‐polyvinyl alcohol (2001)

Abstract The preparation of a fiber‐forming blend consisting of polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol mixed with glycerol and with polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride were studied. The physical and mechanical properties of blend fibers were also studied. The rheological measurements for semiquantitative evaluation of technological compatibility of the components and for processing the polymeric material in extruding and spinning process were carried out. The experimental results revealed the technological compatibility of the polypropylene‐polyvinyl alcohol blend in the presence of glycerol and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. The colloidal structure of interface layer is assumed to be in a three‐ or four‐component system. The mixture of polyvinyl alcohol with glycerol allows for the preparation of well spun fiber‐forming polypropylene blends. Polypropylene‐polyvinyl alcohol blend fibers consisting of up to 20% polyvinyl alcohol with sufficient mechanical properties, higher porosity and significantly higher sorption of water than polypropylene fibers alone were prepared. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the V<sub>H</sub> and V<sub>L</sub> segments of polyreactive and monoreactive human natural antibodies to HIV-1 and <i>Escherichia coli</i> β-galactosidase (1993)

B lymphocytes committed to the production of antibodies binding to antigens on pathogenic bacteria and viruses (natural antibodies) are common components of the normal human B cell repertoire. A major proportion of natural antibodies is capable of binding multiple antigens (polyreactive antibodies). Using B cells from three HIV-1 seronegative healthy subjects, and purified HIV-1 and beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as selecting antigen, we generated three natural IgM mAb to HIV-1 and a natural IgM mAb to beta-galactosidase. The three HIV-1-selected antibodies (mAb102, mAb103, and mAb104) were polyreactive. They bound with different affinities (Kd = 10(-6) to 10(-8) M) to the HIV-1 envelope gp160, the p24 core protein, and the p66 reverse transcriptase, but not to the 120 glycosylated env protein. They also bound to beta-galactosidase (Kd approximately 10(-7) M), tetanus toxoid, and various various self antigens. In contrast, the natural mAb selected for binding to beta-galactosidase (mAb207.F1) was monoreactive, in that it bound with a high affinity (Kd < 10(-8) M) to this antigen, but to none of the other antigens tested, including HIV-1. Structural analysis of the VH and VL segments revealed that the natural mAb utilized three segments of the VHIV gene family and one of the VHIII family, in conjunction with VL segments of the V lambda I, V lambda II, V lambda III, or V kappa IV subgroups. In addition, the natural mAb VH and VL segments were in unmutated or virtually unmutated (germline) configuration, including those of the monoreactive mAb207.F1 to beta-galactosidase, and were identical or closely related to those utilized by specific autoantibodies or specific antibodies to viral and/or bacterial pathogens. Thus, the present data show that both polyreactive and monoreactive natural antibodies to foreign antigen can be isolated from the normal human B cell repertoire. They also suggest that the VH and VL segments of not only polyreactive but also monoreactive natural antibodies can be encoded in unmutated or minimally mutated genes, and possibly provide the templates for the specific high affinity antibodies elicited by self or foreign antigens.
A negative feedback loop mediated by the Bcl6–cullin 3 complex limits Tfh cell differentiation (2014)

Induction of Bcl6 (B cell lymphoma 6) is essential for T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation of antigen-stimulated CD4(+) T cells. Intriguingly, we found that Bcl6 was also highly and transiently expressed during the CD4(+)CD8(+) (double positive [DP]) stage of T cell development, in association with the E3 ligase cullin 3 (Cul3), a novel binding partner of Bcl6 which ubiquitinates histone proteins. DP stage-specific deletion of the E3 ligase Cul3, or of Bcl6, induced the derepression of the Bcl6 target genes Batf (basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like) and Bcl6, in part through epigenetic modifications of CD4(+) single-positive thymocytes. Although they maintained an apparently normal phenotype after emigration, they expressed increased amounts of Batf and Bcl6 at basal state and produced explosive and prolonged Tfh responses upon subsequent antigen encounter. Ablation of Cul3 in mature CD4(+) splenocytes also resulted in dramatically exaggerated Tfh responses. Thus, although previous studies have emphasized the essential role of Bcl6 in inducing Tfh responses, our findings reveal that Bcl6-Cul3 complexes also provide essential negative feedback regulation during both thymocyte development and T cell activation to restrain excessive Tfh responses.
Relação cintura-estatura e glicemia no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica (2017)

EnglishIntroduction: The reduction of waist-height ratio, which is related to the accumulation of central body fat, is directly related to fasting plasma glucose. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between waistheight and fasting plasma glucose in pre and postoperative bariatric surgery. Methods: Longitudinal study of a series of cases, with 50 patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The variables of weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, percentage of weight loss and fasting plasma glucose were obtained the day before surgery and at 1 and 3 months after. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Continuous variables were tested for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The t-test of paired student was used to compare the means at the different moments evaluated. The verification of possible correlations was performed by the Pearson correlation test. It was adopted p portuguesIntroducao: A reducao da relacao cintura-estatura, que esta relacionada ao acumulo de gordura corporal central, tem relacao direta com a glicemia de jejum. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlacao entre a relacao cintura-estatura e glicemia de jejum no pre e pos-operatorio de cirurgia bariatrica. Metodos: Estudo longitudinal do tipo serie de casos, com 50 pacientes submetidos ao bypass gastrico em Y de Roux. As variaveis de peso, altura, indice massa corporal, circunferencia da cintura, percentual de perda de peso e glicemia de jejum foram obtidas no dia anterior a cirurgia e com 1 e 3 meses apos. Os resultados foram expressos em media e desvio padrao. As variaveis continuas foram testadas quanto a normalidade pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para comparacao das medias nos diferentes momentos avaliados foi utilizado o teste t de student pareado. A verificacao de possiveis correlacoes foi realizada pelo teste de correlacao de Pearson. Foi adotado p
The nucleotide sequence of rat transition protein 2 (TP2) cDNA (1989)

Journal Article The nucleotide sequence of rat transition protein 2 (TP2) cDNA Get access H. Luerssen, H. Luerssen Institut fur Humangenetik der Universität GottingenGosslerstrasse 12d, D3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W.M. Maier, W.M. Maier Institut fur Humangenetik der Universität GottingenGosslerstrasse 12d, D3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Hoyer-Fender, S. Hoyer-Fender Institut fur Humangenetik der Universität GottingenGosslerstrasse 12d, D3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolfgang Engle Wolfgang Engle Institut fur Humangenetik der Universität GottingenGosslerstrasse 12d, D3400 Göttingen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 9, 11 May 1989, Page 3585, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.9.3585 Published: 11 May 1989 Article history Received: 04 April 1989 Published: 11 May 1989
A Power-Quality Index to Assess the Impact of Voltage Harmonic Distortions and Unbalance to Three-Phase Induction Motors (2010)

This paper discusses the need to simultaneously monitor voltage unbalance and harmonic distortions in addition to root-mean-square voltage values. An alternative way to obtain the parameters related to voltage unbalance at fundamental frequency as well as voltage harmonic distortions is here proposed, which is based on the representation of instantaneous values at the dq axes and at the instantaneous Euclidean norm. A new power-quality (PQ) index is then proposed to combine the effects of voltage unbalance and harmonic distortions. This new index is easily implemented into existing electronic power meters. This PQ index is determined from the analysis of temperature rise in induction motor windings, which were tested for long periods of time. This paper also shows that these voltage disturbances, which are harmful to the lifetime expectancy of motors, can be measured by alternative ways in relation to conventional methods. Although this paper deals with induction motors only, the results show the relevance for further studies on other pieces of equipment.
Learning Fixed Points in Generative Adversarial Networks: From Image-to-Image Translation to Disease Detection and Localization (2019)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have ushered in a revolution in image-to-image translation. The development and proliferation of GANs raises an interesting question: can we train a GAN to remove an object, if present, from an image while otherwise preserving the image? Specifically, can a GAN "virtually heal" anyone by turning his medical image, with an unknown health status (diseased or healthy), into a healthy one, so that diseased regions could be revealed by subtracting those two images? Such a task requires a GAN to identify a minimal subset of target pixels for domain translation, an ability that we call fixed-point translation, which no GAN is equipped with yet. Therefore, we propose a new GAN, called Fixed-Point GAN, trained by (1) supervising same-domain translation through a conditional identity loss, and (2) regularizing cross-domain translation through revised adversarial, domain classification, and cycle consistency loss. Based on fixed-point translation, we further derive a novel framework for disease detection and localization using only image-level annotation. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state of the art in multi-domain image-to-image translation and that it surpasses predominant weakly-supervised localization methods in both disease detection and localization. Implementation is available at https://github.com/jlianglab/Fixed-Point-GAN.
3-D Finite-Element Models of Human and Monkey Fingertips to Investigate the Mechanics of Tactile Sense (2003)

The biomechanics of skin and underlying tissues plays a fundamental role in the human sense of touch. It governs the mechanics of contact between the skin and an object, the transmission of the mechanical signals through the skin, and their transduction into neural signals by the mechanoreceptors. To better understand the mechanics of touch, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between the loads imposed on the skin by an object, the state of stresses/strains at mechanoreceptor locations, and the resulting neural response. Towards this goal, 3-D finite-element models of human and monkey fingertips with realistic external geometries were developed. By computing fingertip model deformations under line loads, it was shown that a multi-layered model was necessary to match previously obtained in vivo data on skin surface displacements. An optimal ratio of elastic moduli of the layers was determined through numerical experiments whose results were matched with empirical data. Numerical values of the elastic moduli of the skin layers were obtained by matching computed results with empirically determined force-displacement relationships for a variety of indentors. Finally, as an example of the relevance of the model to the study of tactile neural response, the multilayered 3-D finite-element model was shown to be able to predict the responses of the slowly adapting type I (SA-I) mechanoreceptors to indentations by complex object shapes.
Computer-aided design for software (1981)

The current trend towards even larger and more complex software systems has given rise to the socalled ‘software crisis’. Producing and maintaining software is consuming more and more resources in terms of both manpower and finance. Improvements in the way software is designed and implemented can reduce costs throughout the life cycle of the software. A computer-based system is described that uses graphical techniques to improve the visibility and structure of the software design, implementation and documentation. Automatic generation of the high-level language code from the graphical documentation ensures agreement between the two
A knowledge‐guided active model method of cortical structure segmentation on pediatric MR images (2006)

We have developed a novel automatic algorithm, KAM, for segmentation of cortical structures on MR images of pediatric patients. Our preliminary results indicated that when segmenting cortical structures, KAM was in better agreement with manually-delineated structures than SPM2. KAM can potentially be used to segment cortical structures for conformal radiation therapy planning and for quantitative evaluation of changes in disease or abnormality.
Parallel Magnetic Field Induced Giant Magnetoresistance in Low Density Quasi-Two-Dimensional Layers (2000)

We provide a possible theoretical explanation for the recently observed giant positive magnetoresistance in high mobility low density quasi-two-dimensional electron and hole systems. Our explanation is based on the strong coupling of the parallel field to the orbital motion arising from the finite layer thickness and the large Fermi wavelength of the quasi-two-dimensional system at low carrier densities.
Interfacial polycondensation. I. The formation of surface graft polymers on wool (1964)

Abstract By means of interfacial polycondensation, ultrathin coatings of polyamides, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyesters, polycarbonates, and various copolymers can be formed on the surface of a substrate. If the substrate contains reactive groups (such as NH 2 , OH, NCO, COCl, etc.), graft polymer is formed. The graft polymer is not removed by extensive extraction with good solvents for the polymer. In contrast, if wool is used as a substrate and is acetylated prior to the polymerization (to block the grafting sites), the thin coating of polymer is readily extracted. Digestion of the treated wool with enzymes that react with the wool, but not with the grafted coating, permits a characterization of the grafted polymer; amino acid analysis of the residue from the enzyme digestion provides evidence that the grafting sites on the wool are probably the free amino and hydroxyl groups located in the N ‐terminal amino acids or internal amino acids containing these groups in their side chain.
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: Coincidence, Association, or Causation? (2006)

Over the past two decades numerous reports have described the development of a propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS) in critically ill adult and pediatric patients who received continuous infusion propofol for anesthesia or sedation. The syndrome is generally characterized by progressive metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability and bradyarrhythmias that are refractory to aggressive pharmacological treatments. PRIS may occur with or without the presence of hepatomegaly, rhabdomyolysis or lipemia. To date, the medical literature contains accounts of 20 deaths in critically ill pediatric patients who developed features consistent with PRIS. These reports have generated considerable discussion and debate regarding the relationship, if any, between propofol and a constellation of clinical symptoms and features that have been attributed to its use in critically ill pediatric patients. This paper reviews the literature concerning PRIS, its clinical presentation, proposed mechanisms for the syndrome, and potential management should the syndrome occur.
Agonist-Specific Conformations of the M<sub>2</sub> Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Assessed by Molecular Dynamics (2020)

Binding of muscarinic ligands, both antagonists and agonists, and their effects on the conformation of the M<sub>2</sub> acetylcholine receptor were modeled <i>in silico</i> and compared to experimental data. After docking of antagonists to the M<sub>2</sub> receptor in an inactive conformation (3UON, 5ZK3, 5ZKB, or 5ZKB) and agonists in an active conformation (4MQS), 100 ns of conventional molecular dynamics (MD) followed by 500 ns of accelerated MD was run. Conventional MD revealed ligand-specific interactions with the receptor. Antagonists stabilized the receptor in an inactive conformation during accelerated MD. The receptor in complex with various agonists attained different conformations specific to individual agonists. The magnitude of the TM6 movement correlated with agonist efficacy at the non-preferential G<sub>s</sub> pathway. The shape of the intracellular opening where the receptor interacts with a G-protein was different for the classical agonist carbachol, super-agonist iperoxo, and G<sub>i/o</sub>-biased partial agonists JR-6 and JR-7, being compatible with experimentally observed agonist bias at the G-protein level. Moreover, a wash-resistant binding of the unique agonist xanomeline associated with interactions with membrane lipids was formed during accelerated MD. Thus, accelerated MD is suitable for modeling of ligand-specific receptor binding and receptor conformations that is essential for the design of experiments aimed at identification of the secondary binding sites and understanding molecular mechanisms underlying receptor activation.
Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci for plasma levels of protein C: the ARIC study (2010)

Protein C is an important endogenous anticoagulant in hemostasis. Deficiencies of protein C due to genetic mutations or a low level of circulating protein C increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. We performed a genome-wide association scan for plasma protein C antigen concentration with approximately 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 8048 individuals of European ancestry and a replication analysis in a separate sample of 1376 individuals in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Four independent loci from 3 regions were identified with genome-wide significance: 2p23 (GCKR, best SNP rs1260326, P = 2.04 × 10(-17)), 2q13-q14 (PROC, rs1158867, P = 3.77 × 10(-36)), 20q11 (near and within PROCR, rs8119351, P = 2.68 × 10(-203)), and 20q11.22 (EDEM2, rs6120849, P = 7.19 × 10(-37) and 5.23 × 10(-17) before and after conditional analysis, respectively). All 4 loci replicated in the independent sample. Furthermore, pooling the discovery and replication sets yielded an additional locus at chromosome 7q11.23 (BAZ1B, rs17145713, P = 2.83 × 10(-8)). The regions marked by GCKR, EDEM2, and BAZ1B are novel loci that have not been previously reported for association with protein C concentration. In summary, this first genome-wide scan for circulating protein C concentration identified both new and known loci in the general population. These findings may improve the understanding of physiologic mechanisms in protein C regulation.
Religion and fertility: a study in differentials. (1990)

Fertility differentials among religious groups in India are examined, with a focus on minority status and on demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. The impact of these factors on acceptance of family planning programs is discussed.
Decentralized Control of High-Speed Vehicular Strings (1974)

The automatic control of a string of high-speed, densely-packed vehicles is studied in a unified approach. Various input structures for the control schemes and their stability are studied and compared. The optimal decentralized regulation theory developed in a previous paper is applied to seek the best feedback control gains for various input structures. Value of information is defined to evaluate the relative merit of these inputs. The results can be easily applied for on-board computer designs in developing new transportation technology such as “personal rapid transit” systems.