gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tanshinone IIA reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting iNOS, MMP-2 and NF-κBp65 transcription and translation in the temporal lobes of rat models of Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), one of the major active constituents of the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects against the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. To examine the effect of Tan IIA on AD, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, in vivo animal experiments and in vitro molecular biology investigations were employed in the present study. Firstly, a rat model of AD was successfully established by direct injection of the amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and then these rats were administered an interventional treatment of Tan IIA. The learning and memory ability of rats was evaluated in four groups (Control, Sham, AD and Tan IIA) utilizing a Morris water maze test. Quantitative (q)PCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase‑2 (MMP‑2) and nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF‑κBp65) in temporal lobe tissues and protein expression was determined with western blot analysis. In addition, association analyses between iNOS, MMP‑2 and NF‑κBp65 at a transcriptional and translational level were performed utilizing Spearman's correlation analysis. In the present study, the results revealed that rats in the AD group demonstrated significant disruptions in learning and memory ability, and the symptoms were evidently reduced by Tan IIA. Furthermore, the upregulation of iNOS, MMP‑2 and NF‑κBp65 at a transcriptional and translational level in AD rats was distinctly inhibited by Tan IIA. Therefore, it was concluded that iNOS, MMP‑2 and NF‑κBp65 are involved in AD development, and Tan IIA may reduce AD risk by inhibiting transcription and translation of these genes. Furthermore, the positive correlation of iNOS and MMP‑2 with NF‑κBp65, respectively, provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that Tan IIA reduces AD risk by inhibiting iNOS and MMP‑2 at a transcriptional and translational level through the NF‑κB pathway. In summary, Tan IIA is an effective neuroprotective agent for AD therapy, and iNOS, MMP‑2 and NF‑κBp65 may be the potential molecular targets for manipulating this effect therapeutically.
Sites of synthesis of urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators in the murine kidney. (1991)

Kidneys have long been recognized as a major source of plasminogen activators (PAs). However, neither the sites of synthesis of the enzymes nor their role in renal function have been elucidated. By the combined use of zymographies on tissue sections and in situ hybridizations, we have explored the cellular distribution of urokinase-type (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA) plasminogen activators and of their mRNAs in developing and adult mouse kidneys. In 17.5-d old embryos, renal tubules synthesize u-PA, while S-shaped bodies produce t-PA. In the adult kidney, u-PA is synthesized and released in urine by the epithelial cells lining the straight parts of both proximal and distal tubules. In contrast, t-PA is produced by glomerular cells and by epithelial cells lining the distal part of collecting ducts. The precise segmental distribution of PAs suggests that both enzymes may be implicated in the maintenance of tubular patency, by catalyzing extracellular proteolysis to prevent or circumvent protein precipitation.
Towards Interaction Around Unmodified Camera-equipped Mobile Devices (2017)

Around-device interaction promises to extend the input space of mobile and wearable devices beyond the common but restricted touchscreen. So far, most around-device interaction approaches rely on instrumenting the device or the environment with additional sensors. We believe, that the full potential of ordinary cameras, specifically user-facing cameras, which are integrated in most mobile devices today, are not used to their full potential, yet. We To this end, we present a novel approach for extending the input space around unmodified mobile devices using built-in front-facing cameras of unmodified handheld devices. Our approach estimates hand poses and gestures through reflections in sunglasses, ski goggles or visors. Thereby, GlassHands creates an enlarged input space, rivaling input reach on large touch displays. We discuss the idea, its limitations and future work.
Novel methods reveal that parallelism contributes to the functional vertical slot dimension in ceramic and metal brackets (2018)

A novel system that incorporates parallelism into analysis of vertical bracket slot dimension was described. When the entire clinically relevant slot was considered, MIM and CIM brackets had similar precision but were significantly oversized, with contribution from a nonparallel, likely diverging, vertical slot dimension.
Increase of Thyroid Stimulating Activity in Graves' Immunoglobulin-G by High Polyethylene Glycol Concentrations Using Porcine Thyroid Cell Assay (1998)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production during a 5-hour incubation using porcine thyroid cells (PTC) was stimulated significantly more by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 22.5% precipitated fractions (ppt frs) than by PEG 12.5% ppt frs from almost all Graves' sera. However, the thyrotropin (TSH) binding inhibition (TBI) activities of the PEG 12.5% and 22.5% ppt frs using porcine thyroid membranes were similar, and did not change in the 5-hour incubation. When the PEG 12.5% ppt fr from Graves' serum and the PEG 22.5% ppt fr from normal human serum (NHS) were coincubated, cAMP production was also stimulated as much as by the PEG 22.5% ppt fr from Graves' serum. When purified thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the PEG 22.5% ppt fr from NHS were coincubated, increased cAMP production was also observed, whereas bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) did not produce this effect. When purified TSAb-IgG and PEG solutions were coincubated, maximum increases in cAMP production (approximately 10-fold) with 5% PEG were found, whereas no increase was observed using bTSH. The stimulatory effect of high PEG concentrations on thyroid stimulating activity was observed by TSAb-IgG in salt-free or salt-containing medium (<0.15 mol/L NaCl concentration) but not by either TSAb-IgG conjugated to protein A-sepharose 4B or the inactivated TSAb-IgG by the treatment of 70 degrees C for 10 minutes. No stimulatory action by PEG was found with the thyroid stimulating substances such as GTPgammaS, forskolin, or pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). The increased thyroid stimulating activity of Graves (IgG) at high PEG concentrations suggests the existence of some factors influencing the ability of TSAb to stimulate thyroid cells, although the exact mechanism remains to be clarified.
In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit (2015)

A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides spp. These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions.
Technology for Processing and Utilization of Soybean in India (1996)

Soybean packed with 40% good quality protein. 20% oil and other nutrients has a great potential to combat protein-calorie malnutrition in India. Soy foods are nutritious and economical and provide many health benefits. Use of 5–25% soybean along with cereals gives maximum nutritional benefits at a low-price. However, due to the presence of some antinutritional factors in soybean, it requires careful processing to make it fit for human and animal comsumption. Soybean Processing and Utilization Center. CIAE. Bhopal has developed a number of technologies and support service infrastructures for home and commercial production and market search of soy products SPU CIAE can give technology, prepare project and machinery support services including consultancy. Training in soybased food products and machinery can also be arranged for individual, group and upcoming entrepreneurs for domestic use and commercial production of soyproducts. It would help to promote soybean as a common protein food in India and ensure house-hold nutritional security and better health to all.
Lessons Learnt from Assembling Screening Libraries for Drug Discovery for Neglected Diseases (2007)

To enable the establishment of a drug discovery operation for neglected diseases, out of 2.3 million commercially available compounds 222 552 compounds were selected for an in silico library, 57 438 for a diverse general screening library, and 1 697 compounds for a focused kinase set. Compiling these libraries required a robust strategy for compound selection. Rules for unwanted groups were defined and selection criteria to enrich for lead-like compounds which facilitate straightforward structure-activity relationship exploration were established. Further, a literature and patent review was undertaken to extract key recognition elements of kinase inhibitors ("core fragments") to assemble a focused library for hit discovery for kinases. Computational and experimental characterisation of the general screening library revealed that the selected compounds 1) span a broad range of lead-like space, 2) show a high degree of structural integrity and purity, and 3) demonstrate appropriate solubility for the purposes of biochemical screening. The implications of this study for compound selection, especially in an academic environment with limited resources, are considered.
Linearization of class D output stages for high-performance audio power amplifiers (1994)

A system is described which uses a quantized feedback technique to reduce the distortion generated by a class D PWM amplifier, thus making it more suitable for use in a high-performance audio system. The technique is applicable to digital PWM and applies local error correction in a noise shaping loop to reduce output-stage distortion and thus achieve a performance closer to that defined by the digitally defined PWM code.
Antimicrobial activity of lupulone against Clostridium perfringens in the chicken intestinal tract jejunum and caecum (2008)

Lupulone administered through water inhibits gastrointestinal levels of inoculated pathogenic clostridia within the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Lupulone was effective within the chemically complex mixture of material within the gastrointestinal tract, thereby making this agent a target of further research as an antibiotic alternative for this and possibly other intestinal infections.
Enzyme Reactions with Phenolic Compounds: Formation of Hydroxystyrenes through the Decarboxylation of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acids by Aerobacter (1962)

SUMMARY 1. A constitutive nonoxidative decarboxylase from Aerobackr species is described whose substrates are cinnamic acids bearing a 4-hydroxy group. p-Coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids (4-hydroxy, 3,4-dihydroxy, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acids, respectively) are attacked in decreasing order of rate by Aerobacter uerogenes NRRL B-2614. ages, suggests that the ring substituents were not altered by the reaction. The presence of a hydroxyl resonance, even though the bands from the reaction product were too weak to determine the number of hydroxy substituents, makes it most likely that the 3,Cdihydroxy structure of the parent acid was retained and that the compound was 3,4-dihydroxystyrene. 2. The products from p-coumaric and caffeic acids were estab- lished as hydroxystyrenes (4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylcatechol) . The products were identified by their characteristic properties and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and, in the case of the product from p-coumaric acid, by synthesis. Absorption spectra and the RF values of the hydroxystyrenes in four solvent systems are given. The decarboxylation product from ferulic acid, presumably 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, was not specifically characterized. .&Hydroxystyrene and Product from p-Coumaric Acid-Values from the spectrum of the product in acetone are shown in Table III together with those of 4-methoxystyrene. Again the spec- trum of a substituted styrene is immediately apparent. In this case the aromatic methoxyl region could be scanned without solvent interference, and no peaks were observed. The aromatic band is entirely typical of an asymmetric p-disubstituted ben- zene. Unknown product and synthetic 4-hydroxystyrene gave identical spectra. REFERENCES 3. A cell-free extract of the enzyme showed similarity of sub- strate specificity and pH optimum to the cell-bound enzyme. 4. Aspects of the microbial and higher plant occurrence of the enzyme are discussed.
Numerical Simulation on Failure Process of Prestressed Concrete Structures Under Impact Load (2005)

An approach for simulating damage process of prestressed reinforced concrete structures under impact load by applying the discrete element method is presented. An element model that can simulate the reinforced concrete and the method to simulate the prestressed concrete are brought forward. The method to select the damp coefficient is also discussed in this paper. The result of numerical simulation indicates that the method brought forward in this paper is reasonable and available.
Realization of LTCC-Multilayer with Special Cavity Applications (1997)

The Low Temperature Cofiring Ceramic Multilayer (LTCC-ML)-Technology, has got many possibilities for three-dimensionally shaped ceramic elements and devices. It enables new ways in the integration of electronical, mechanical and other functions in one module. An interesting field is the realization of special cavities for sensors and other applications. Cavities at the outside and cavities inside of a multilayer were discerned. The finish quality of such multilayer depends on the type of LTCC material, the kind of lamination process and tools, the flow of the tape material during the lamination and the process parameters. The firing process is another important step. The paper will show some conceptions of design and technology and methods of characterication for such multifunctionally devices.
Blood Group A Active Glycolipids of Hog Gastric Mucosa (1973)

Abstract Glycolipids with blood group A activity were purified from hog stomach mucosa powder. The active lipids were isolated by chloroform-methanol extraction, partition with aqueous KCl followed by precipitation of the polar lipids with acetone. Then the A active glycolipids were purified by DEAE-cellulose and Florisil column chromatography. Final purification of the A active compounds was achieved by sequential preparative thin layer chromatography in two solvent systems. The homogeneity of the purified fractions was confirmed by thin layer chromatography in neutral, acidic, and basic solvent systems, thin layer chromatography of the acetylated derivatives of the purified fractions and by osmium-catalyzed periodate oxidation followed by paper chromatography of the released oligosaccharide chains. Two similar but distinct A active glycolipid fractions (L and U) were isolated. Fraction U contained high amounts of long chain hydroxy fatty acids, while Fraction L was rich in C16-C18 fatty acids. Sphingenine and heptadecasphinganine were the major long chain bases found in both fractions. The carbohydrate composition of Fractions L and U was identical and was found to be (in moles per 1 mole of glucose): galactose, 3.04; fucose, 1.09, N-acetylglucosamine, 0.99, N-acetyl-galactosamine, 0.93. Partial acid hydrolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, enzymatic digestion, and immunological assays established the following carbohydrate sequence for the A active glycosphingolipid isolated from hog stomach mucosa powder: [see PDF for sequence]
The execute operations—a fourth mode of instruction sequencing (1960)

article Free AccessThe execute operations—a fourth mode of instruction sequencing Author: F. P. Brooks I.B.M. Corp., Yorktown Heights, NY I.B.M. Corp., Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 3Issue 3March 1960 pp 168–170https://doi.org/10.1145/367149.367168Published:01 March 1960Publication History 3citation322DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads322Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Enzymatic/Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Seven-Membered Iminocyclitols (1996)

Several polyhydroxyperhydroazepines have been obtained either by chemoenzymatic or chemical synthesis. Condensation of (±)-3-azido-2-hydroxypropanaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in the presence of a DHAP dependent aldolase followed by treatment with acid phosphatase and an isomerase gave a 6-azido-6-deoxyaldopyranose, which upon reductive amination afforded the title compound. The iminocyclitols can also be obtained by chemical manipulations of aldopyranoses, protected as benzyl glycosides or diisopropylidene ethers. Thus, d-galactose leads to a meso-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyperhydroazepine, d-mannose to a derivative with a C2 symmetry axis, and N-acetylglucosamine to a 6-acetamidoiminocyclitol. Asymmetrization of the meso azasugar was carried out by chemical means, to yield a 3-methoxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyazepane. An attempted enzymatic synthesis of the methoxy derivatives of these azasugars was unsuccessful, leading, however, to both enantiomers of 1-deoxy-2-O-methylmannojirimycin. Some of these compounds display significant activity as glycosidase inhibitors, with Ki values from moderate to low micromolar range. Though all these iminocyclitols do not inhibit the mechanistically related HIV protease, the 3,6-dibenzyl derivative 30 showed moderate inhibition. The X-ray structure of 7 indicates a pseudochair conformation.
Sample Entropy, Univariate, and Multivariate Multi-Scale Entropy in Comparison with Classical Postural Sway Parameters in Young Healthy Adults (2017)

The present study aimed to compare various entropy measures to assess the dynamics and complexity of center of pressure (COP) displacements. Perturbing balance tests are often used in healthy subjects to imitate either pathological conditions or to test the sensitivity of postural analysis techniques. Eleven healthy adult subjects were asked to stand in normal stance in three experimental conditions while the visuo-kinesthetic input was altered. COP displacement was recorded using a force plate. Three entropy measures [Sample Entropy (SE), Multi-Scale Entropy (MSE), and Multivariate Multi Scale Entropy (MMSE)] describing COP regularity at different scales were compared to traditional measures of COP variability. The analyses of the COP trajectories revealed that suppression of vision produced minor changes in COP displacement and in the COP characteristics. The comparison with the reference analysis showed that the entropy measures analysis techniques are more sensitive in the incremented time series compared to the classical parameters and entropy measures of original time series. Non-linear methods appear to be an additional valuable tool for analysis of the dynamics of posture especially when applied on incremental time series.
The cross-link from the upstream region of mRNA to ribosomal protein S7 is located in the C-terminal peptide: Experimental verification of a prediction from modeling studies (1999)

The recent rapid advances that have been made both in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallography of bacterial ribosomes or their subunits (e.g., Stark et al., 1997a, 1997b; Ban et al., 1998; Malhotra et al., 1998) have led to a correspondingly rapid advance in our understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement in situ of the ribosomal RNA and protein molecules. In 1997 we published a model for the 16S rRNA (Mueller & Brimacombe, 1997a), which was fitted to a cryo-EM reconstruction at 20 Å resolution of the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome carrying tRNAs at the ribosomal A and P sites (Stark et al., 1997a). Subsequently, on the basis of the available RNA–protein interaction data (Mueller & Brimacombe, 1997b), we were able to fit the structure of ribosomal protein S7 as determined by X-ray crystallography (Hosaka et al., 1997; Wimberly et al., 1997) into our model in such a way as to satisfy both the biochemical data and the electron density of the EM reconstruction (Tanaka et al., 1998). More recently, the 16S model has been refined to fit an EM reconstruction at 13 Å resolution (Brimacombe et al., 2000), the latter being itself a refinement of the published EM reconstruction at 18 Å (Stark et al., 1997b) of 70S ribosomes carrying an EF-Tu/tRNA ternary complex stalled with the antibiotic kirromycin. In the refined 16S model, only minor changes needed to be made in the arrangement of the rRNA region interacting with S7 and in the positioning of the protein itself.
The Failure of Imprisonment by Roman Tomasic & Ian Dobinson 157 pages Publisher: The Law Foundation of N.S.W. & George Allen & Unwin, Australia 1979. (1980)

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Recognizing Multitasked Activities using Stochastic Context-Free Grammar (2001)

In this paper, we present techniques for characterizing complex, multi-tasked activities that require both exemplars and models. Exemplars are used to represent object context, image features, and motion appearances to label domainspecific events. Then, by representing each event with a unique symbol, a sequence of interactions can be described as an ordered symbolic string. A model of stochastic contextfree grammar, which is developed using underlying rules of an activity, provides the structure for recognizing semantically meaningful behavior over extended periods. Symbolic strings are parsed using the Earley-Stolcke algorithm to determine the most likely semantic derivation for recognition. Parsing substrings allows us to recognize patterns that describe high-level, complex events taking place over segments of the video sequence. We introduce new parsing strategies to enable error detection and recovery in stochastic context-free grammar and methods of quantifying group and individual behavior in activities with separable roles. We show through experiments with a popular card game how high-level narratives of multi-player games as well as identification of player strategies and behavior can be extracted in real-time using vision.