gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Known-component metal artifact reduction (KC-MAR) for cone-beam CT (2019)

Intraoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) is increasingly used for surgical navigation and validation of device placement. In spinal deformity correction, CBCT provides visualization of pedicle screws and fixation rods in relation to adjacent anatomy. This work reports and evaluates a method that uses prior information regarding such surgical instrumentation for improved metal artifact reduction (MAR). The known-component MAR (KC-MAR) approach achieves precise localization of instrumentation in projection images using rigid or deformable 3D-2D registration of component models, thereby overcoming residual errors associated with segmentation-based methods. Projection data containing metal components are processed via 2D inpainting of the detector signal, followed by 3D filtered back-projection (FBP). Phantom studies were performed to identify nominal algorithm parameters and quantitatively investigate performance over a range of component material composition and size. A cadaver study emulating screw and rod placement in spinal deformity correction was conducted to evaluate performance under realistic clinical imaging conditions. KC-MAR demonstrated reduction in artifacts (standard deviation in voxel values) across a range of component types and dose levels, reducing the artifact to 5-10 HU. Accurate component delineation was demonstrated for rigid (screw) and deformable (rod) models with sub-mm registration errors, and a single-pixel dilation of the projected components was found to compensate for partial-volume effects. Artifacts associated with spine screws and rods were reduced by 40%-80% in cadaver studies, and the resulting images demonstrated markedly improved visualization of instrumentation (e.g. screw threads) within cortical margins. The KC-MAR algorithm combines knowledge of surgical instrumentation with 3D image reconstruction in a manner that overcomes potential pitfalls of segmentation. The approach is compatible with FBP-thereby maintaining simplicity in a manner that is consistent with surgical workflow-or more sophisticated model-based reconstruction methods that could further improve image quality and/or help reduce radiation dose.
Lexical Gesture Interface (2006)

Gesture interfaces have long been pursued in the context of portable computing and immersive environments. However, such interfaces have been difficult to realize, in part due to a lack of frameworks for their design and implementation. This paper presents a framework for automatically producing a gesture interface based on a simple interface description. Rather than defining hand positions in a low-level high-dimensional joint angle space, we describe and recognize gestures in a "lexical" space, in which each hand pose is decomposed into elements in a finger-pose alphabet. The alphabet and underlying rules are defined as a gesture notation system called GeLex. By implementing a generic hand pose recognition algorithm, and a mechanism to adapt it to a specific application based on a general interface description, developing a gesture interface becomes straightforward.
FREQUENCY OF γ-RAY INDUCED SPECIFIC LOCUS AND RECESSIVE LETHAL MUTATIONS IN MATURE GERM CELLS OF THE ZEBRAFISH, <i>BRACHYDANIO RERIO</i> (1983)

Specific locus and recessive lethal mutations are induced by gamma-rays with approximately first order kinetics in the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) with frequencies of 4 x 10(-5) r(-1 ) and 4 x 10(-3) r(-1), respectively. The surprisingly low ratio (100:1) of recessive lethals to specific locus mutations may be due to the induction of large deficiencies by gamma-rays.
Deletion Polymorphism of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 and Risk of Prostate Cancer in African American and Caucasian Men (2006)

These results suggest that the UGT2B17 enzyme may play a role in the metabolism of androgens in prostate tissue and that the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer risk.
Impaired proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, by reduced placental growth factor in pre‐eclampsia, as a cause for gestational diabetes mellitus (2015)

Our study highlighted a pivotal role for PLGF in prevention and treatment of GDM in patients with PE.
Notes. Preparation of 3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine and 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes. Preparation of 3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine and 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxaneJohn Saam and John SpeierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1, 119–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online19 May 2003Published inissue 1 January 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01083a612RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (286 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The intracellular concentration of free magnesium in extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat (1990)

Magnesium‐sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the intracellular concentration of free Mg2+, [Mg2+]f, in rat extensor digitorum longus muscles in vitro at 30 degrees C. The intracellular activities of Na+ and K+ were also determined so that allowance could be made for the interference from these ions with the Mg2+ electrode response. The mean value for [Mg2+]f based on twenty‐six measurements in twelve muscles was 0.47 mM.
El tipo psicológico del político en las Historias de Heródoto, el Filoctetes de Sófocles y Los Relatos Persas de Ctesias (1995)

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos estudiar en que medida catas reflexiones pueden ayudar a una mejor comprension de ciertos pasajes de Herodoto y Ctesias que establecen entre Aristides y Temistocles una contraposicion similar a la que Sofocles planteaba entre Neoptolemo y Odiseo. Es que no parece haber sido observado que el contraste entre estas dos categorias psicologicas aparece tambien en Herodoto. En efecto, la primera vez que -en la obra del historiador de Halicarnaso encontramos mencionado el nombre de Aristides, leemos unas 1ineas por un lado transparentas y, por otro, un tanto enigmaticas: Cruzo de Egina Aristides el hijo de Lisimaco, ateniense... al que yo he venido a considerar, tras informarme de su caracter, el hombre mas excelente y justo que hubo en Atenas. El contenido del pasaje es claro, pero llama la atencion su forma, que ha inducido a Meiggs a pensar que, a esta respecto, Herodoto pueda haber tomado parte en una controversia
Synthesis and fungicidal activity of tubulin polymerisation promoters. Part 1: pyrido[2,3‐ <i>b</i> ]pyrazines (2009)

8-Amino-7-aryl-6-halogen-substituted pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazines have been prepared as 6,6-biheterocyclic analogues of similarly substituted triazolopyrimidine fungicides. A concise four-step synthesis route has been worked out to prepare these novel compounds from commercially available starting materials. [(R)-(1,2-Dimethylpropyl)]-[6-fluoro-7-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-8-yl]amine showed excellent activity against three economically important phytopathogens.
Effects of Oral Alendronate in Elderly Patients with Osteoporosis and Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism (2001)

In a large proportion of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a variable degree of osteopenia is the only relevant manifestation of the disease. Low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with PHPT is an indication for surgical intervention because successful parathyroidectomy results in a dramatic increase in BMD. However, low BMD values are almost an invariable finding in elderly women with PHPT, who are often either unwilling or considered unfit for surgery. Bisphosphonates are capable of suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated bone resorption and are useful for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this pilot-controlled study, we investigated the effects of oral treatment with alendronate on BMD and biochemical markers of calcium and bone metabolism in elderly women presenting osteoporosis and mild PHPT. Twenty-six elderly patients aged 67-81 years were randomized for treatment with either oral 10 mg alendronate on alternate-day treatment or no treatment for 2 years. In the control untreated patients a slight significant decrease was observed for total body and femoral neck BMD, without significant changes in biochemical markers of calcium and bone metabolism during the 2 years of observation. Urine deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) excretion significantly fell within the first month of treatment with alendronate, while serum markers of bone formation alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin fell more gradually and the decrease became significant only after 3 months of treatment; thereafter all bone turnover markers remained consistently suppressed during alendronate treatment. After 2 years in this group we observed statistically significant increases in BMD at lumbar spine, total hip, and total body (+8.6 +/- 3.0%, +4.8 +/- 3.9%, and +1.2 +/- 1.4% changes vs. baseline mean +/- SD) versus both baseline and control patients. Serum calcium, serum phosphate, and urinary calcium excretion significantly decreased during the first 3-6 months but rose back to the baseline values afterward. Increase in serum PTH level was statistically significant during the first year of treatment. These preliminary results may make alendronate a candidate as a supportive therapy in patients with mild PHPT who are unwilling or are unsuitable for surgery, and for whom osteoporosis is a reason of concern.
Caffeine Reverses Cognitive Impairment and Decreases Brain Amyloid-β Levels in Aged Alzheimer's Disease Mice (2009)

We have recently shown that Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice given a moderate level of caffeine intake (the human equivalent of 5 cups of coffee per day) are protected from development of otherwise certain cognitive impairment and have decreased hippocampal amyloid-beta (Abeta) levels due to suppression of both beta-secretase (BACE1) and presenilin 1 (PS1)/gamma-secretase expression. To determine if caffeine intake can have beneficial effects in "aged" APPsw mice already demonstrating cognitive impairment, we administered caffeine in the drinking water of 18-19 month old APPsw mice that were impaired in working memory. At 4-5 weeks into caffeine treatment, those impaired transgenic mice given caffeine (Tg/Caff) exhibited vastly superior working memory compared to the continuing impairment of control transgenic mice. In addition, Tg/Caff mice had substantially reduced Abeta deposition in hippocampus (decrease 40%) and entorhinal cortex (decrease 46%), as well as correlated decreases in brain soluble Abeta levels. Mechanistically, evidence is provided that caffeine suppression of BACE1 involves the cRaf-1/NFkappaB pathway. We also determined that caffeine concentrations within human physiological range effectively reduce active and total glycogen synthase kinase 3 levels in SweAPP N2a cells. Even with pre-existing and substantial Abeta burden, aged APPsw mice exhibited memory restoration and reversal of AD pathology, suggesting a treatment potential of caffeine in cases of established AD.
A novel half-bridge LLC Resonant Converter for high power DC power supply (2010)

A novel half-bridge LLC DC-DC Resonant Converter for high power DC power supply is presented in this paper. The design consideration of resonant tank circuit paramerters are presented. The DC gain characteristics of the proposed converter is analyzed from its complex DC gain equation. First the performance of the converter is analyzed through simulation. The proposed converter operate with higher frequency of operation and from the light load to full load point in characteristics ZVS/ZCS (zero voltage switching/zero current switching) turn on and low current turn off is achieved in variable frequency open-loop control range. An experimental prototype of 2.1 kW has been built according to the parameters consideration and calculated tank circuit parameters. Variable frequency control is implemented through DSP for the regulation of output voltage in open-loop. The converter maintains ZVS in the entire range of open-loop control from 5 to 15 kHz.
Effect of cyclic stresses and magnetic fields on stress-annealed Galfenol alloys (2005)

Research has demonstrated that a built-in uniaxial stress can be achieved in Galfenol materials such that with no externally applied compressive stress, the material appears to be under compression of up to 48 MPa. This built-in stress creates the opportunity for Galfenol to be used under both tensile and compressive loads with full magnetostrictive capability. In order for this effect to be useful in real-world applications, limitations of the stress-annealing must be identified. Typical applications of magnetostrictive materials result in cyclic stress loads and cyclic magnetic fields being applied to the material along with other loading conditions such as elevated temperatures and shock loads. This research investigated the effect of cyclic stress loading and cyclic magnetic fields on the behavior of stress-annealed Galfenol 18.4 (Fe<sub>81.6</sub>Ga<sub>18.4</sub>) polycrystal samples with approximately 40 MPa of induced stress in the samples. Testing included cyclic stresses up to 55 MPa for as much as 106 cycles at low frequencies (<10 Hz) and cyclic magnetic fields of amplitudes from 4 kA/m up to 20 kA/m. Because of sample failure issues in the cyclic stress tests, the full 106 cycles were only applied at loads up to 28 MPa. Results of all testing show little or no change in the stress-annealed state of Galfenol 18.4 (Fe<sub>81.6</sub>Ga<sub>18.4</sub>) polycrystal samples. Future testing will increase levels of cyclic stress tests and combine stress and magnetic cyclic loads.
A<scp>D</scp>-Amidase Constitutive Mutant from<i>Arthrobacter</i>sp. NJ-26 (1993)

Journal Article A D-Amidase Constitutive Mutant from Arthrobacter sp. NJ-26 Get access Akio Ozaki, Akio Ozaki Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1–1, Kyowa-machi, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747, Japan Present address: Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 3–6–6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideki Kawasaki, Hideki Kawasaki Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1–1, Kyowa-machi, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747, Japan Present address: Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 3–6–6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Yagasaki, Makoto Yagasaki Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1–1, Kyowa-machi, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukio Hashimoto Yukio Hashimoto Technical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1–1, Kyowa-machi, Hofu, Yamaguchi 747, Japan Present address: Research and Development Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1–6–1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 3, 1 January 1993, Pages 520–521, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.520 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 27 October 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
The development of integrated inter and intra domain management services (2003)

Service providers are under increasing competitive pressure to reduce costs, increase customer service and introduce new services. Speed of deployment, ease of reuse of existing components and co-operation across organizational boundaries are vital for management systems to succeed in such an environment. This requires a significant change in the way management systems are modeled and developed. This paper presents a design process which is customized to support the analysis and development of inter and intra domain management systems as well as assisting in the development and deployment of reusable components. The design process was trialed and validated by its application in the development of software in a multi-domain management research project.
Detection of dentin sialoprotein in rat periodontium (2004)

Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA indicates that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a precursor of both dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Dentin sialophosphoprotein must be proteolytically processed to form these two extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Numerous studies led us to conclude that DSP (and DSPP) are exclusively expressed by odontoblasts and preameloblasts. However, recent observations suggest a wider distribution. To test this hypothesis, we conducted systematic studies on rat first molar during root formation with immunohistochemical techniques using specific anti-DSP polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. We also performed in situ hybridization, using high-stringency RNA probes to detect DSP transcripts. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that DSP is not only localized in odontoblasts, dentin ECM and preameloblasts, but also in alveolar bone, cellular cementum, osteocytes, cementocytes, and their matrices. The results of in situ hybridization were consistent with those from immunohistochemistry, showing the expression of DSP transcripts in osteoblasts of alveolar bone, fibroblasts in periodontal ligament and cementoblasts in cellular cementum. Together, these observations suggest that DSP is involved in formation of the periodontium as well as tooth structures.
MODULATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) INFECTION OF CULTURED NEURONAL CELLS BY NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AND ANTIBODY TO HSV (1989)

Cultures of neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the rat phaeochromocytoma line PC12 were used to study herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV)-neuronal cell interactions. Cultures were used for HSV infection either without additional treatment, or with pretreatment with nerve growth factor (NGF), or with subsequent exposure to medium containing neutralizing antibody to HSV or with a combination of NGF and antibody. The appearance of morphological changes in the cultured cells following HSV infection was delayed by treatment with NGF or neutralizing antibody alone. Both treatments given concurrently resulted in maximal delay; similar results were obtained for both PC12 and DRG cultures. The appearance of a variety of HSV-specified polypeptides identified by a polyspecific rabbit anti-HSV antibody and monoclonal antibodies to the product of immediate early (IE) gene 3, Vmw175 (1098 and 58S), to the major DNA binding protein (1147), to glycoprotein C, gC (1001), and of a minor heat shock protein (identified by monoclonal antibody T156), was followed after HSV infection by indirect immunofluorescence. Staining with polyspecific rabbit anti-HSV increased with time after infection both in intensity and extent and correlated well with the degree of the morphological changes. This staining was delayed by NGF treatment, by exposure to neutralizing antibody, and maximally by both treatments combined, the DRG and PC12 behaving very similarly. Labelling with monoclonal antibodies 1098, 58S and 1147 was increased and that with antibody 1001 decreased in PC12 cells by NGF treatment. No such increased labelling with 1098 was observed in DRG cultures after NGF treatment. It is proposed that NGF treatment leads to increased expression of Vmw175 and to a delay in the transition from early to late HSV polypeptide synthesis in PC12 cells. The expression of the cellular stress protein defined by T156 was upregulated after HSV infection. This upregulation was most marked in cultures treated with NGF.
Response of bone marrow stromal cells to adipogenic antagonists. (1989)

Adipocytes constitute a major part of the bone marrow stroma in vivo and may play an active role in lymphohematopoiesis. Earlier studies had shown that the bone marrow stromal cell clone BMS2 was capable of adipocyte differentiation in vitro, in addition to its well-defined ability to support B lymphopoiesis. We now demonstrate that the process of adipogenesis in this functional bone marrow stromal cell clone can be inhibited by the cytokines interleukin-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor beta. Exposure of preadipocyte BMS2 cells to these agents blocked the induction of adipocyte differentiation as assessed by morphologic criteria and analysis of the neutral lipid content. Both interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor elicited a rapid transient elevation in the steady-state mRNA levels of c-fos, c-jun, and JE. When added to differentiated adipocytes, the three cytokines continued to act as adipogenic antagonists. This was indicated by concentration- and time-dependent decreases in the activity of an adipocyte-specific enzyme, lipoprotein lipase. These changes in enzyme activity correlated directly with a decrease in steady-state levels of lipoprotein lipase mRNA. Another RNA marker of adipocyte differentiation (adipsin) was less influenced by the adipogenic antagonists. This may reflect the longer half-life of this mRNA transcript compared with those of lipoprotein lipase. Our results dramatically demonstrate that the differentiation state of bone marrow stromal cells can be modulated by exogenous factors in vitro. It is also the first report that transformation growth factor beta regulates the activity of lipoprotein lipase. These data suggest potential physiologic actions for these cytokines in vivo within the overall context of lymphohematopoiesis.
22. 2-Bromomethylnicotinates: reaction with nucleophilic reagents (1962)

J. Hurst and D. G. Wibberley, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 119 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620000119
The Mechanism of Disintegration of Liquid Sheets (1953)

Abstract The disintegration of a plane sheet of liquid of finite thickness, moving tangentially relative to a surrounding fluid, is subjected to mathematical and experimental analysis. Instability and wave formation at the interface are established as the major factors in the breakup of the sheet of liquid into drops. An equation is derived relating four significant dimensionless groups, and a graphical presentation of the quantitative relationship among these groups is included. The force balance between the interfacial tension and aerodynamic forces is the basic concept, and the criteria for stability and instability are determined from it. It is possible to predict the conditions for maximum instability, and therefore for the most rapid disintegration of the sheet. Short-exposure photographs of the actual disintegration of the sheet are included to support the analysis, and a prediction of drop size in the spray compares favorably with measurements by other methods.