gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desensitization of mutant acetylcholine receptors in transgenic mice reduces the amplitude of neuromuscular synaptic currents (1997)

While the slow onset of desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), relative to the rate of acetylcholine removal, excludes this kinetic state from shaping synaptic responses in normal neuromuscular transmission, its role in neuromuscular disorders has not been examined. The slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndrome (SCCMS) is a disorder caused by point mutations in the AChR subunit-encoding genes leading to kinetically abnormal (slow) channels, reduced miniature endplate current amplitudes (MEPCs), and degeneration of the postsynaptic membrane. Because of this complicated picture of kinetic and structural change in the neuromuscular junction, it is difficult to assess the importance of the multiple factors that may be responsible for the reduced endplate current amplitudes, and ultimately the clinical syndrome. In order to address this we have used a transgenic mouse model for the SCCMS that has slow AChR ion channels and reduced endplate responsiveness in the absence of any of the degenerative changes. We found that the reduction in MEPC amplitudes in these mice could not be explained by either reduced AChR number or by reduced AChR channel conductance. Rather, we found that the mutant AChRs in situ manifested an activity-dependent reduction in sensitivity that caused diminished MEPC and endplate current amplitude with nerve stimulation. This observation demonstrates that the basis for the reduction in MEPC amplitudes in the SCCMS may be multifactorial. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that, under conditions that alter their rate of desensitization, the kinetic properties of nicotinic AChRs can control the strength of synaptic responses. Synapse 27:367–377, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Amifostine and chemotherapy-related thrombocytopenia. (1996)

Thrombocytopenia is a manifestation of hematopoietic toxicity that, at present, can be treated only with platelet transfusions. Thrombocytopenia is a dose-limiting toxicity for carboplatin, mitomycin-C, and other agents, and becomes dose limiting when granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are used with some chemotherapeutic regimens; thus, strategies to reduce thrombocytopenia are needed. While clinical trials have begun using hematopoietic growth factors that have shown promising preclinical effects on thrombocytopenia, alternative approaches to modifying therapy-related thrombocytopenia are also being developed. Amifostine is a pro-drug that is metabolized to a thiol, WR-1065, which functions to selectively protect normal tissues from the toxic effects of ionizing radiation, alkylating agents, platinating agents, and other cytotoxic compounds. Results from a randomized clinical trial have shown that amifostine reduces mitomycin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with refractory colorectal cancer. The results of phase I studies of the combination of amifostine and carboplatin suggest that amifostine could modify the toxicity of the platinum compound. Two randomized clinical trials using amifostine and carboplatin have also been reported. In one, the median platelet nadir of all cycles was lower in the amifostine-treated patients; in the other, more profound thrombocytopenia was produced by a higher carboplatin dose, but platelet recovery was more rapid in the amifostine-treated patients. In both of these trials, survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients who received both amifostine and carboplatin was longer than in those treated with carboplatin alone, suggesting that amifostine does not inhibit the antitumor effects of carboplatin. Further studies of amifostine with carboplatin and combination chemotherapy regimens in which thrombocytopenia is dose limiting should be undertaken, as should clinical investigations of amifostine in conjunction with hematopoietic growth factors.
Aliasing and anti-aliasing in branch history table prediction (2003)

Branch history table (BHT) prediction is a simple and effective method of predicting branch direction at run-time in a microprocessor. Unfortunately, this method suffers from performance limitations due to aliasing, which is when more than one branch uses a single entry in the branch history table. Theoretically, for programs that exhibit pseudo-random branch positioning, aliasing can be predicted and reduced, thereby improving performance. In this paper, we develop a probabilistic model for aliasing and "anti-aliasing", and we use SimpleScalar to explore the extent to which "anti-aliasing" is useful in real programs. Our results show that programs can be "anti-aliased" to some extent when using history tables of 256 entries or greater, and that for large enough history tables, a significant percentage of table entries are unused and available for "anti-aliasing."
Quantum dot conjugated hydroxylapatite nanoparticles for<i>in vivo</i>imaging (2008)

Hydroxylapatite (HA) nanoparticles were conjugated with quantum dots (QDs) for in vivo imaging. The surface structures of HA nanoparticles with conjugated quantum dots (HA-QD) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser fluorescent spectroscopy. The TEM data showed that the quantum dots were well conjugated on the HA nanoparticle surfaces. The laser fluorescent spectroscopy results indicated that the HA-QD exhibited promising luminescent emission in vitro. The initial in vivo experiments revealed clear images of HA-QD from the hypodermic injected area at the emission of 600 nm. Furthermore, the optimized in vivo images of HA-QD with near-infrared emission at 800 nm were visualized after intravenous injection. These luminescent HA-QD nanoparticles may find important applications as biodegradable substrates for biomarkers and in drug delivery.
Studies with Rhinoviruses in Volunteers: Production of Illness, Effect of Naturally Acquired Antibody, and Demonstration of a Protective Effect Not Associated with Serum Antibody* (1964)

The term "rhinovirus" (1-3) is now used to designate a group of immunologically distinct re- spiratory viruses, possessing many properties of enteroviruses but differing by lability in acid media (4-6) and almost exclusive multiplication in the nasopharynx. The first agents isolated that fit this description were the JH and 2060 strains of ECHO 28 isolated by Price (7) and Pelon, Mo- gabgab, Phillips, and Pierce (8) in 1956 and classified by Pelon (9). Modifications in tissue cul- ture technique for isolating these and similar agents, i.e., incubation on a rotating drum and re- duction in pH to 7.0 to 7.3, were introduced by Pelon and Mogabgab (10) and extended by Tyr- rell and associates (4) and Tyrrell and Parsons (5) to include an incubation temperature of 330 C and use of human tissues. Subsequently, many rhinoviruses, reported under a variety of names, have been isolated in association with mild respira- tory illnesses Some of the strains grow only in tissues of human origin (H strains) and some as well in monkey kidney tissue culture (M strains) (3, 5). It has been estimated that rhino- viruses account for 35 to 40%o of the common colds in adults (17).
Poly-logarithmic deterministic fully-dynamic algorithms for connectivity, minimum spanning tree, 2-edge, and biconnectivity (1998)

Deterministic fully dynamic graph algorithms are presented for connectivity, minimum spanning forest, a-edge connectivity, and biconnectivity. Assuming that we start with no edges in a graph with n vertices, the amortized operation cost0 arc O(log2 n) for connectivity and O(log4 n) for minimum spanning forest, 2+dgeconnectivity, and biconnectity.
Dense disparity estimation using a hierarchical matching technique from uncalibrated stereo vision (2009)

In motion estimation, the sub-pixel matching technique involves the search of sub-sample positions as well as integer-sample positions between the image pairs, choosing the one that gives the best match. Based on this idea, the proposed disparity estimation algorithm performs a 2-D correspondence search using a hierarchical search pattern. The disparity value is then defined using the distance of the matching position. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can process non-rectified stereo image pairs, maintaining the computational load within reasonable levels.
Indications and Standards for Cardiopulmonary Sleep Studies: Reply (1989)

"Indications and Standards for Cardiopulmonary Sleep Studies: Reply." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 140(1), p. 265
Reductive coupling of aromatic sulfinate salts to disulfides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive coupling of aromatic sulfinate salts to disulfidesHarold W. Pinnick, Michael A. Reynolds, Robert T. McDonald Jr., and Wanda D. BrewsterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 930–932Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1023Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential fMet-Leu-Phe- and Platelet-activating Factor-induced Signaling Toward Ral Activation in Primary Human Neutrophils (1999)

We have measured the activation of the small GTPase Ral in human neutrophils after stimulation with fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP), platelet activating factor (PAF), and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and compared it with the activation of two other small GTPases, Ras and Rap1. We found that fMLP and PAF, but not granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, induce Ral activation. All three stimuli induce the activation of both Ras and Rap1. Utilizing specific inhibitors we demonstrate that fMLP-induced Ral activation is mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins and partially by Src-like kinases, whereas fMLP-induced Ras activation is independent of Src-like kinases. PAF-induced Ral activation is mediated by pertussis toxin-insensitive proteins, Src-like kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is not involved in PAF-induced Ras activation. The calcium ionophore ionomycin activates Ral, but calcium depletion partially inhibits fMLP- and PAF-induced Ral activation, whereas Ras activation was not affected. In addition, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced activation of Ral is completely abolished by inhibitors of protein kinase C, whereas 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Ras activation is largely insensitive. We conclude that in neutrophils Ral activation is mediated by multiple pathways, and that fMLP and PAF induce Ral activation differently.
Digital recording performance of Ba-ferrite media (1987)

Barium ferrite media have created a lot of interest for digital and analog applications because of their potential to achieve high recording densities. To fully exploit this potential, it is necessary to develop media with good perpendicular orientation and to employ high saturation narrow gap heads. It is possible, however, to obtain very good recording performance utilizing Ba-ferrite media which are nonoriented or only partially oriented and ordinary ferrite heads for high-density digital recording applications. In this study, we investigated the performance of such media in rigid disk form using conventional and narrower gap ferrite heads, and obtained much better short wavelength response than that obtained from high-coercivity cobalt-modified iron oxide media. The overwrite modulation of these media, however, is only marginally acceptable. The modulation noise observed is much larger for longitudinally oriented than for perpendicularly oriented media. A simple model is proposed to explain the origin of this noise and its dependence on the direction of orientation.
Investigate M2M-related communication standards that exist on the global market today (2006)

Most M2M applications use well-known communication technologies to interconnect the devices. Even though they use well-known communication technologies there are no widely used and well-defined M2M standards regarding the data exchange (application layer). This thesis investigates and identifies M2M related communication standards that exist on the global market today, and are applicable for M2M standardisation.\nThis thesis is limited to the following segments within M2M: Security, Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) and Utility Control. Today, and in the future, IP will play an important role within M2M. This thesis is therefore mainly focusing on standards that implement how to transfer the application layer using the IP-stack. M2M is defined in this thesis as an application with a central server communicating with end-devices through a gateway, using remote communication from server to gateway.\nThe following standards are investigated and found applicable in one or more of the selected segments: CIP, MODBUS, LonWorks, KNX, DLMS/COSEM, M-BUS, SIA, M2MXML, OPC and ZigBee. Each of the standards is explained within the thesis.\nAll standards are identified and categorised, and area of applications and proposed solutions are described. This thesis discusses the applicability regarding each segment, multiple services behind one gateway, bandwidth consumption, software update and interconnection of networks.\nIn conclusion, it is generally possible to create standardised M2M solutions based upon existing standards within the segments of Security, AMR and Utility Control. Some standards can be used as is, while others need to be used in combination with another standard to fit in to the M2M platform defined for this thesis. Utility Control and AMR has most suitable standards. The security segment needs more standardisation work to support full featured M2M based solutions.
Microfabricated near-field microwave probes for scanning microscopy (2004)

The design and microfabrication of a silicon co-axial scanning near-field microwave probe (SNMP) compatible with atomic force microscope (AFM) system are reported. Scanning near-field microwave microscopy (SNMM) imaging is suitable for nondestructive surface and subsurface characterization of materials over a wide frequency range-between 0.1 GHz and 300 GHz, which bridges the frequency gap among other scanning local probe microscopy (SLPM) methods. The microfabricated SNMP consists of a silicon (Si) V-shaped cantilever beam, a co-axial tip, and aluminum waveguides. The design and microfabrication procedure are described. Mechanical and electrical characterizations, and simultaneous contact AFM and SNMM surface imaging are presented.
Specific adsorption of saccharides by dealuminated Y-zeolites (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific adsorption of saccharides by dealuminated Y-zeolitesChristoph Buttersack, Wolfgang Wach, and Klaus BuchholzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 46, 11861–11864Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100148a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100148a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Robotic work station for microscale synthetic chemistry: On-line absorption spectroscopy, quantitative automated thin-layer chromatography, and multiple reactions in parallel (1988)

A robotic work station has been constructed for automatically initiating and monitoring microscale chemical reactions. The work station consists of a robot with a general-purpose arm and interchangeable special-purpose hands, a carousel of seven reaction vessels, a series of stations for performing quantitative automated thin-layer chromatography (TLC), an on-line multichannel absorption spectrophotometer, sensors for verification, syringes and pumps for sample and solvent delivery, a supervisory computer for real-time data acquisition and process control, and a graphics terminal for data display. The controlling software is menu-driven and contains a scheduling algorithm that permits multiple reactions to be performed simultaneously. The automated TLC process is performed in four stages (plate dispensing, sample application, plate development, and plate densitometry), and samples are moved sequentially among these stations by the robot. The partial autonomy of these separate stations permits distributed sample processing. Four TLC plates are processed simultaneously with interleaving segmented schedules, giving a 160% increase in TLC sample throughput. The workstation can be applied to yield optimizations of synthetic reactions and to the exploration of synthetic reaction spaces. The capabilities of the workstation are demonstrated in the two-step synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrin from benzaldehyde and pyrrole in 1 h at room temperature. Kinetic data are obtained from a single-batch reaction concerning the consumption of benzaldehyde, the side reactions forming dipyrrylmethenes, and the formation of tetraphenylporphyrin.
Training Interval Length Optimization for MIMO Flat Fading Channels Using Decision-Directed Channel Estimation (2009)

In this paper, we address the problem of optimization of the training sequence interval for MIMO (Multiple- Input Multiple-Output) flat fading channels when an iterative receiver composed of a likelihood generator and a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decoder is used. At each iteration of the receiver, the channel is estimated using the hard decisions on the transmitted symbols at the output of the decoder. The optimal length of the training interval is found by maximizing an effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) taking into account the data throughput loss due to the use of pilot symbols.
Differential association of two PTPN22 coding variants with Crohnʼs disease and ulcerative colitis (2011)

Our data suggest that two autoimmunity-associated polymorphisms of the PTPN22 gene are differentially associated with CD and UC. The R263Q polymorphism only associated with UC, whereas the R620W was significantly associated with only CD.
v-Triazolines. Part 38.1 New synthesis of 4-aminoquinazolines and 6-aminopurines (1997)

2-Alkyl-4-arylaminoquinazolines 6 have been prepared by condensation of N-(2-cyanophenyl)amidines 5 with arylamines. The amidines 5 were obtained by thermal rearrangement of N-(2-cyanophenyl)-5-morpholino-v-triazolines 4. The synthesis has been applied to the preparation of 2-alkyl-6-arylaminopurines 12.
Monotone maps: a review (2005)

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the main results in the theory of discrete-time monotone dynamics.
Faraday isolators and Faraday mirrors for up to 10 kW average power based on slab geometry (2003)

It is shown that the use of slabs instead of rods enables the creation of Faraday devices operating at a multikilowatt power. Analytical dependences of thermally induced depolarization in Faraday devices on radiation power and on slab aspect ratio have been obtained.
Naturalistic Driver Intention and Path Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Understanding the intentions of drivers at intersections is a critical component for autonomous vehicles. Urban intersections that do not have traffic signals are a common epicentre of highly variable vehicle movement and interactions. We present a method for predicting driver intent at urban intersections through multi-modal trajectory prediction with uncertainty. Our method is based on recurrent neural networks combined with a mixture density network output layer. To consolidate the multi-modal nature of the output probability distribution, we introduce a clustering algorithm that extracts the set of possible paths that exist in the prediction output, and ranks them according to likelihood. To verify the method's performance and generalizability, we present a real-world dataset that consists of over 23,000 vehicles traversing five different intersections, collected using a vehicle mounted Lidar based tracking system. An array of metrics is used to demonstrate the performance of the model against several baselines.
Assembly of the isomerized TFIIA--TFIID--TATA ternary complex is necessary and sufficient for gene activation. (1996)

The prevailing view of eukaryotic gene activation poses that activators stimulate transcription by recruiting limiting components of the general transcription machinery to a core promoter. In one such model case, activation by the Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA protein correlated closely with recruitment of the general transcription factors TFIIA and TFIID (the DA complex) as measured by DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays. We now report that simple recruitment is not sufficient for full-level activation. An additional concentration-independent, rate-limiting step is activator-mediated isomerization of the DA complex characterized by an extended TFIID footprint. The isomerized complex supports both binding of TFIIB in gel mobility shift assays and activated transcription in heat-treated nuclear extracts, even after removal of ZEBRA. Surprisingly, the regulatory phenomenon of synergy was manifested only when the concentration of TFIID was limiting. When the DA complex was saturating, transcription was not synergistic, as indicated by the ability of a single activator to induce isomerization effectively and turn on a gene. On the basis of these observations, we propose a new biochemical model for eukaryotic gene activation and synergy.