gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualising the network of cruise destinations in the Baltic Sea – a multidimensional scaling approach (2016)

ABSTRACTThis paper takes a cross-table with the call frequencies of more than 80 cruise ships to each of more than 20 cruise ports in the Baltic Sea in 2014 in its cells as its starting point. Correlations and proximities between the different ports are then established. This is visualised using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique, and groups of cruise destinations (ports) are developed by using factor analysis, which eases the interpretation of the MDS diagram. While many position studies in marketing and tourism use attitudinal data from surveys as input data for the MDS analyses, this study uses numeric data from secondary data sources as input. The aims and contributions of this study are twofold: firstly, it contributes insights into the relative positions of the cruise destinations in the Baltic Sea. Secondly, in doing so, it demonstrates how MDS, in combination with factor analysis, can be used not only for traditional position analyses but also as analytical options in the context of two separate network analysis traditions, namely the industrial marketing and purchasing tradition and the social network analysis tradition.KEYWORDS: Cruise destinationscorrelationsmultidimensional scalingfactor analysis Notes on contributorCarl H. Marcussen holds a PhD in marketing and is a senior researcher at the Centre for Regional and Tourism Research in Denmark, where he has done research in tourism-related topics since 1995.
A Search for a Radio Counterpart to Swift J174540.7-290015 (2016)

We report the results of VLA observations of the Galactic Center X-ray transient Swift J174540.7-290015 on 25 Feb 2016 between 16:28 and 17:09 UT in two frequency bands centered at 6 GHz (C band) and 15 GHz (Ku band) (ATels #8649, #8684, #8689, #8737, #8746).
Cephalic and extracephalic pressure pain thresholds in chronic tension-type headache (1991)

Pressure pain thresholds were assessed with an algometer (Somedic Inc.), over the forehead, temple and suboccipital region as well as over the Achilles tendon. A group of 32 patients suffering from chronic tension-type headache was compared to 20 healthy controls and to 10 migraineurs without aura. Although individual values were widely scattered, pressure pain thresholds were on average significantly lower in chronic tension-type headache, not only at pericranial sites but also over the Achilles tendon. Only 50% of these patients had one or more pericranial thresholds 1.5 S.D. below the mean of controls. After muscular biofeedback therapy, all pain thresholds were on average increased. Along with results obtained previously, the present data support the hypothesis that diffuse disruption of central pain-modulating systems, possibly due to a modified limbic input to the brain-stem, is pivotal in the pathophysiology of chronic tension-type headache.
High-k Dielectrics and Metal Gates for Future Generation Memory Devices (2009)

The requirements and development of high-k dielectric films for application in storage cells of future generation flash and Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) devices are reviewed. Dielectrics with k-value in the 9-30 range are studied as insulators between charge storage layers and control gates in flash devices. For this application, large band gaps (> 6 eV) and band offsets are required, as well as low trap densities. Materials studied include aluminates and scandates. For DRAM metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, aggressive scaling of the equivalent oxide thickness (with targets down to 0.3 nm) drives the research towards dielectrics with k-values > 50. Due to the high aspect ratio of MIMCap structures, highly conformal deposition techniques are needed, triggering a substantial effort to develop Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) processes for the deposition of metal gates and high-k dielectrics. Materials studied include Sr and Ba-based perovskites, with SrTiO3 as one of the most promising candidates, as well as tantalates, titanates and niobates.
Crystal Structure of Monomeric Native Antithrombin Reveals a Novel Reactive Center Loop Conformation (2006)

The poor inhibitory activity of circulating antithrombin (AT) is critical to the formation of blood clots at sites of vascular damage. AT becomes an efficient inhibitor of the coagulation proteases only after binding to a specific heparin pentasaccharide, which alters the conformation of the reactive center loop (RCL). The molecular basis of this activation event lies at the heart of the regulation of hemostasis and accounts for the anticoagulant properties of the low molecular weight heparins. Although several structures of AT have been solved, the conformation of the RCL in native AT remains unknown because of the obligate crystal contact between the RCL of native AT and its latent counterpart. Here we report the crystallographic structure of a variant of AT in its monomeric native state. The RCL shifted approximately 20 A, and a salt bridge was observed between the P1 residue (Arg-393) and Glu-237. This contact explains the effect of mutations at the P1 position on the affinity of AT for heparin and also the properties of AT-Truro (E237K). The relevance of the observed conformation was verified through mutagenesis studies and by solving structures of the same variant in different crystal forms. We conclude that the poor inhibitory activity of the circulating form of AT is partially conferred by intramolecular contacts that restrain the RCL, orient the P1 residue away from attacking proteases, and additionally block the exosite utilized in protease recognition.
Use of intracranial neurophysiologic recording techniques in the evaluation for epilepsy surgery in children. (1992)

Resective surgery is an accepted treatment modality for medically intractable focal epilepsy in children as well as in adult. During the presurgical evaluation processes, intracranial neurophysiologic recording of epileptiform abnormalities have been used much more commonly in adults and older adolescents than in infants and children. However, as infants and children are increasingly referred for early surgery in many centres, it may be necessary to study complex cases in some children with invasive electrodes in order to plan a safe and effective resection. This article gives first an overview of the rationale and indications, with case illustrations, for using these techniques. This is followed by general discussions on individual electrodes and their use in infants and children.
Effects of age and menopause on vertebral bone density. (1987)

Vertebral bone density was assessed with dual photon absorptiometry in 280 white females, aged 19-87, without symptoms of osteoporosis. Those who had not experienced a menstrual period for at least one year were classified as postmenopausal, and those menstruating normally were deemed premenopausal. The remainder were considered perimenopausal. Regression links were fit: (1) to the entire data set, (2) to two groups by age (less than 50, 50+), (3) to three groups by age (less than 40, 40-54, 55+) and (4) to three groups by menopausal status. Only that regression which considered menopausal status had a significantly better fit than the simple linear model with slopes of +0.04% per year for the premenopausal (ns, different from zero), -1.8% per year for the perimenopausal (P less than 0.05) and -0.6% per year for the postmenopausal (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the loss of trabecular bone is accelerated around the time of the onset of menopause, and slows somewhat thereafter, although continuing to be significant. However, the findings of this study are based on cross-sectional data, and there remains a need for prospective studies of vertebral bone around the time of menopause.
Backside observation of MOSFET chips using an infrared laser THz emission microscope (2006)

We developed an infrared laser terahertz emission microscope (IR-LTEM) using 1 /spl mu/m wavelength fs laser pulses for inspecting electrical failures in large scale integration (LSI) chips from the backside. IR-LTEM detect the THz emission from the backside of the LSI chip and the THz emission image which reflects the photocurrent distribution in circuits can be obtained by scanning the chips with fs laser. We succeeded in obtaining the THz emission image of a MOSFET sample from the backside of the chip under zero bias condition. The backside observation of the LSI chip is indispensable for generating and detecting the THz emission because most LSI chips have a multilayered interconnection structure and their surface is mostly covered with metal interconnects, hindering the observation from the front surface.
Experimental investigation of induced-charge electro-osmosis (2005)

We analyze the general phenomenon of induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO), nonlinear electroosmotic slip generated when an electric field acts on its own induced charge around a polarizable surface, in the context of microfluidics.Simple ICEO flows are first observed around a platinum wire in a polymer microchannel.While convenient for scaling analysis of resulting flows, this geometry proved difficult to analyze because of sensitivity to measurement height.This motivated the development of microfabrication techniques for the creation of electroplated metal structures with clean surfaces for ICEO flow characterization.ICEO flows are analyzed in a simple geometry, with an electroplated metal cylinder and two outer electrodes on a glass substrate.ICEO flow velocities scale as V 2 , where V is the potential drop across the outer electrodes, and decay monotonically with increasing frequency.Flow velocity also decays with increasing electrolyte concentration.Fixed-potential ICEO, with non-zero fixed charge on the polarizable surface, is demonstrated around a metal cylinder.A range of electrolyte solutions are tested in ICEO flow geometries and measured velocities scale well with effective salt diffusivity.Finally, we propose ICEO microfluidic systems as solid-state pumps and mixers for a variety of possible applications.
Untersuchungen über die Phosphorylierung des 2-Athylhexylalkohols und die Abtrennung der Di-(2-Äthylhexyl) "/ hosphorsäure als Kupfersalz (1978)

Article Untersuchungen über die Phosphorylierung des 2-Athylhexylalkohols und die Abtrennung der Di-(2-Äthylhexyl) "/ hosphorsäure als Kupfersalz was published on December 1, 1978 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 15, issue 6).
Platelet anti-aggregant activity of 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine. (1988)

The characteristics of platelet anti-aggregant activity of 2, 2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride (I) and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidin (II) have been evaluated. Compounds I and II were potent inhibitors of collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation of rat and rabbit platelets (IC50 or IC100 values : 10-5-10-4 M), while they were less effective in the cases of adenosine 5'-diphosphate 2Na, A-23187 and labile aggregation-stimulating substance. Also, both compounds inhibited platelet shape change induced by a low concentation of arachidonic acid. Compounds I (100μM) and II (25μM) significantly inhibited serotonin release and thromboxane B2 formation induced by arachidonic acid in rabbit platelets. Compound I (100μM) inhibited prostaglandin I2 formation in rat aorta, but II (100μM) did not. In contrast, neither compound had any effect on platelet adhesiveness. These results strongly suggest that I and II prevented platelet aggregation, shape change and serotonin release reaction via their inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid metabolism of platelets, and the inhibiting potency of II was higher than that of I.
A Validated Smartphone-Based Assessment of Gait and Gait Variability in Parkinson’s Disease (2015)

These findings highlight specific opportunities for smartphone-based gait analysis to serve as an alternative to conventional gait analysis methods (e.g., footswitch systems or sensor-embedded walkways), particularly when those methods are cost-prohibitive, cumbersome, or inconvenient.
T cell-derived IL-4 and dendritic cell-derived IL-12 regulate the lymphokine-producing phenotype of alloantigen-primed naive human CD4 T cells (1997)

Previous studies on human Th subset development were restricted to the analysis of naive T cells activated with anti-CD3 mAb in the absence of physiologic APC. In this study, we have analyzed the role of cytokines and physiologic APC on T cell maturation in an Ag-specific system, in which naive neonatal CD4 T cells were primed with allogeneic dendritic cells (DC). We found that the cytokine profile of primed cells was dependent upon 1) the ratio between T cells and allogeneic DC and 2) the endogenous production of IL-4 and IL-12. Neutralization of IL-4 during primary MLR increased IFN-gamma production at priming and shifted the phenotype of primed cells from Th0 to Th1. These effects were IL-12 dependent, in that they were suppressed by anti-IL-12 Abs. The production of IL-12 in primary MLR was further evidenced by the presence of IL-12 p40 in the culture supernatant fluids. IL-12 production was suppressed by exogenous IL-4 and increased by anti-IL-4 blocking mAbs, indicating that endogenous IL-4 down-regulated IL-12 production by DC. Finally, IL-12 was produced as a result of T cell/DC interaction involving the CD40/CD40 ligand and CD28/B7 costimulation pathways, as revealed by the inhibitory effect of anti-CD40 ligand mAb and CTLA-4Ig. These observations suggest that in neutral conditions, Ag presentation by DC results in the coordinate production of naive T cell-derived IL-4 and DC-derived IL-12 that in concert shape the cytokine profile of Th cells.
MTI optimization in a multiple-clutter environment (1975)

A means of optimizing an MTI filter for rejecting several types of clutter, which is generated by different mechanisms such as by rain or the ground, is formulated. It is found that the optimal performance of such a filter depends on the spectral density functions, average radar cross sections, and the relative mean doppler frequencies of each type of clutter. It is shown that the optimal improvement factor of such a filter is bounded by the weighted average (weighted in accordance with the radar cross sections of the clutter types) of the improvement factor for the individual clutter type. It is also shown that the improvement factor of a filter is bounded by two limits. Both of these limits are a function of the relative mean doppler frequency f sub o between the clutter types. As f sub o increases, the performance of the MTI system degrades. The worst improvement factor occurs when f sub o is equal to half of the radar prf.
Switching characteristics of laser diode switch (1983)

Switching characteristics for laser diode switches controlled by the forward injection current have been studied. Pumping rate dependences for the internal gain and for the extinction ratio, defined as the ratio of output signal power to total power, were analyzed numerically and experimentally. They were in good agreement. Turn-on response time is determined mainly by the space-charge capacitance and was seen typically to be ten times the carrier lifetime. The fall time was almost equal to the carrier lifetime. A method to reduce turn-on response time by preshaping the drive pulse is also analyzed. The turn-on response time could be reduced to about 1 ns.
An investigation of GaSb/GaAs thermophotovoltaic cells (2003)

The effect of growth conditions on the electrical and optical properties of p-GaSb/n-GaAs junctions grown by MOVPE has been studied. Low growth temperature (540/spl deg/C), HCI treatment of the GaAs substrate prior to growth and addition of a 100nm InAs passivation layer were all found to increase the short circuit current (1/sub sc/) under illumination and also the spectral response from the GaSb layer. An undoped GaAs buffer increased the open circuit V/sub /spl prop// and improved the diode rectification but at the expense of photocurrent from the GaSb layer. Preliminary results suggest that n-doping the GaAs buffer layer may yield both high V/sub /spl prop// and high current collection.
Reinventing systems in the utilities industry (1993)

A technique has been developed to study JH III biosynthesis in vitro by removing the head and thorax of Aedes aegypti (L.) and exposing the corpora allata (CA). Exposed CA were incubated with [12-3H]methyl farnesoate, and the newly synthesized JH III and JH III metabolites were followed using C18 reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative gas chromatography. The rate of synthesis of [12-3H]JH III by exposed CA from newly emerged adult Ae. aegypti was 23 fmol/CA/h. The rate of synthesis of [12-3H]JH III decreased 4-fold 3 d after adult eclosion and increased to 23 fmol/CA/h 5 h after the blood meal. Exposed CA of blood-fed and sugar-fed Ae. aegypti were also incubated with L-[methyl-3H]methionine, and the rate of synthesis of JH III was studied. The rate of JH III biosynthesis increased immediately after the blood meal as was found with [12-3H]methyl farnesoate. The potential application of methyl farnesoate in monitoring the de novo synthesis of JH III in mosquitoes in vitro and in vivo is discussed.
Renal interstitial pressure and sodium excretion during hilar lymphatic ligation (1984)

Because lymphatic vessels drain the cortical interstitium of the kidney, lymphatic drainage might modulate cortical interstitial pressure and tubular Na+ reabsorption. We investigated the effects of short-term hilar lymph duct ligation in the rat on renal interstitial hydraulic pressure (assessed from subcapsular pressure), tubular Na+ reabsorption, and renal hemodynamics in the basal state and during volume expansion with saline. Subcapsular pressure was higher in lymphatic-ligated than in sham-operated kidneys both in the basal state (5.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg) and during short-term volume expansion (8.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.3). Compared with contralateral control kidneys, lymphatic ligation increased the basal urine flow (V) (1.76 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.2 microliter X min-1 X 100 g-1) and urinary Na+ excretion (UNaV) (0.10 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.02 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1), but urea excretion, osmolar clearance, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and filtration fraction were unchanged. The increases in V and UNaV with lymphatic ligation were not seen in salt-depleted rats but both were augmented by short-term volume expansion with saline. Sympathetic activation and inhibition by carotid occlusion and ganglionic blockade, respectively, elicited the same changes in vascular resistance in lymphatic-ligated and control kidneys. In conclusion, 1) lymphatic drainage is required to maintain a low renal cortical interstitial hydraulic pressure; 2) lymphatic ligation decreases Na+ and fluid reabsorption; 3) the natriuretic and diuretic effects of lymphatic ligation are not due to major changes in renal innervation or renal hemodynamics or to changes in osmolar or urea excretion but depend on the degree of extracellular fluid volume expansion.
[Peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced ovarian carcinoma: distinction based on CT findings]. (2004)

CT examination combined with clinical manifestations helps differentiate tuberculous peritonitis from advanced ovarian cancer.
Afterword (2008)

Equiano and the other turn-of-the-century writers on African— British emigration ask much the same question as the writers on the British—American and the French—British emigrations: what constitutes physical, mental, moral, and spiritual selfhood in a time and space of instability and uncertainty?KeywordsOpen DoorForced MigrationRomantic ExperiencePolitical OppressionReal FreedomThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Energy expenditure estimation during normal ambulation using triaxial accelerometry and barometric pressure (2012)

Energy expenditure (EE) is an important parameter in the assessment of physical activity. Most reliable techniques for EE estimation are too impractical for deployment in unsupervised free-living environments; those which do prove practical for unsupervised use often poorly estimate EE when the subject is working to change their altitude by walking up or down stairs or inclines. This study evaluates the augmentation of a standard triaxial accelerometry waist-worn wearable sensor with a barometric pressure sensor (as a surrogate measure for altitude) to improve EE estimates, particularly when the subject is ascending or descending stairs. Using a number of features extracted from the accelerometry and barometric pressure signals, a state space model is trained for EE estimation. An activity classification algorithm is also presented, and this activity classification output is also investigated as a model input parameter when estimating EE. This EE estimation model is compared against a similar model which solely utilizes accelerometry-derived features. A protocol (comprising lying, sitting, standing, walking, walking up stairs, walking down stairs and transitioning between activities) was performed by 13 healthy volunteers (8 males and 5 females; age: 23.8 ± 3.7 years; weight: 70.5 ± 14.9 kg), whose instantaneous oxygen uptake was measured by means of an indirect calorimetry system (K4b(2), COSMED, Italy). Activity classification improves from 81.65% to 90.91% when including barometric pressure information; when analyzing walking activities alone the accuracy increases from 70.23% to 98.54%. Using features derived from both accelerometry and barometry signals, combined with features relating to the activity classification in a state space model, resulted in a VO(2) estimation bias of -0.00 095 and precision (1.96SD) of 3.54 ml min(-1) kg(-1). Using only accelerometry features gives a relatively worse performance, with a bias of -0.09 and precision (1.96SD) of 5.99 ml min(-1) kg(-1), with the largest errors due to an underestimation of VO(2) when walking up stairs.
Image restoration of line-scanned x-ray images (1997)

Six specific defects in images captured on line-scan x-ray machines are discussed and software corrections are addressed. The corrections are intended to optimize the machine for the inspection of food products for hidden defects or contaminants. The defects include effects due to time constants in the preamplifier, decays (short and long term) of the phosphor in the detectors, gaps in the images at detector module boundaries, analog to digital converter (ADC) clipping of the photodiode signal, varying response between detectors to the low-energy end of the incident energy spectrum, and x-ray scattering. Of these, all but the long-term phosphor decay and scattering are corrected with software. While the long-term phosphor decay is of little consequence for food inspection, effects due to scattering are serious and must be addressed in the design of the detectors. The restored image is more suitable for image processing and thus for real-time sorting than the original image.