gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liposomally-encapsulated cisplatin (Lipoplatin) plus gemcitabine in NSCLC: Preliminary results of a phase II trial and its antiangiogenesis potential (2008)

19024 Background: Liposomally-encapsulated cisplatin (Lipoplatin) nanoparticles evade immune surveillance, target tumor cells in mouse xenografts, primary human tumors and metastases in patients as well as endothelial cells of tumor vasculature. Thus, Lipoplatin may enjoy the cytotoxic properties of cisplatin while additionally exerting antiangiogenic effects. Lipoplatin-gemcitabine is less toxic yet at least as efficacious as cisplatin-gemcitabine in Phase III trials. Lipoplatin has an orphan drug status for pancreatic cancer in the EU. This is the first report of a multicenter, phase II Lipoplatin study in NSCLC. Methods: Eligibility criteria included confirmed diagnosis of inoperable/metastatic NSCLC, no previous chemotherapy, WHO PS 0–1, adequate end-organ function. Patients received Lipoplatin 120 mg/m2 D1,8,15 combined with gemcitabine 1 g/m2 D1,8, in 3-week cycles, with disease evaluation after 3 and 6 cycles. Primary endpoints were Response Rates and Toxicity; OS PFS and QOL are also being evaluated. Results: 47 patients (pts) were treated; 41 were evaluable. There were 15 (36.6%) pts. with PR, 14 (34.1%) pts. with SD and 12 (29.3%) pts. with PD. Thus, Lipoplatin may be superior to historical platinum-gemcitabine combinations in NSCLC. Observed Toxicities were: grade 1–2 myelotoxicity; mild gastrointestinal toxicity in 50% of the pts. (easily controllable with antiemetics); hypersensitivity reactions in 7 pts (yet without hospitalization needs or any life threatening events); grade 1 nephrotoxicity in 18 (38.3%) pts (mostly in single infusions); of the 3 pts developing grade 2 nephrotoxicity, 2 did so after the first treatment, to recover with adequate hydration shortly after (no Grade 3 or 4 nephrotoxicity was seen; Neurotoxicity, a major side effect of cisplatin, was observed in 6 (12.8%) pts. and was mild (grade 1). None of the cases required treatment discontinuation. There were no associated deaths, or life-threatening adverse events. Conclusion: Lipoplatin may have lower toxicity as well as higher efficacy than cisplatin, when combined with gemcitabine in advanced NSCLC. Particularly relevant is that Lipoplatin is administered without pre- or post-hydration or on an outpatients basis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Spectral Correlation of Modulated Signals: Part I--Analog Modulation (1987)

The importance of the concept of cyclostationarity in design and analysis of signal detectors, synchronizers, and extractors in communication systems is briefly discussed, and the central role of spectral correlation, in the characterization of random processes that are cyclostationary in the wide sense, is explained. A spectral correlation function that is a generalization of the power spectral density function is described, and a corresponding generalization of the Wiener-Khinchine relation and several other fundamental spectral correlation relations also are described. Explicit formulas for the spectral correlation function for various types of analog-modulated signals are derived. This includes pulse and carrier amplitude modulation, quadrature amplitude carrier modulation, and phase and frequency carrier modulation. To illustrate the differing spectral correlation characteristics of different modulation types, the magnitudes of the spectral correlation functions are graphed or described in graphical terms as the heights of surfaces above a bifrequency plane.
An immobilized organotin catalyst for reduction of ketones and aldehydes (1984)

A dialyltin dimetgoxide linked to the surface of silica functions as an efficient and readily recovered and recycled hydride transfer catalyst for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes using polymethylhdrosiloxane as the hydrogen soueces.
Second Commentary: On the proper treatment of connectionism by Paul Smolensky (1988) - Neuromachismo Rekindled (1989)

Paul Smolensky's marvelous neologisitc epithet "neuromacho" should not be allowed to drift into oblivion. Hence I come forth under the banner of neuromachismo to challenge his assertion that chaotic dynamics is relevant to smell in animals but not yet to speech in humans. Is there such a gulf between olfactive lagomorphs and talking people? What is the difference between a rabbit expressing its love of carrots by rhythmic cheing and sniffing and Prokoviev expressing his love for three oranges in a suite of tones? On the phylogenetic scale these are virtual twins, much as Smolensky's theory and that of Skarda and myself (1985, 1987) are so alike that we can usefully correspond.
Spatial frequency masking in human vision: binocular interactions (1979)

Binocular contrast interactions in human vision were studied psychophysically. Thresholds were obtained for sinewave grating stimulation of the right eye in the presence of simultaneous masking gratings presented to the right eye (monocular masking) or left eye (dichoptic masking). In the first experiment, thresholds were measured at 0.25, 1.0, 4.0, and 16.0 cycle per degree (cpd) as a function of the contrast of masking gratings of identical frequency and phase. Thresholds rose nonmonotonically with masking contrast. At medium and high contrast levels, dichoptic masking was more effective in elevating contrast thresholds than monocular masking, and approached Weber's Law behavior. In the second experiment, spatial frequency tuning functions were obtained for test gratings at five spatial frequencies, by measuring threshold elevation as a function of the spatial frequency of constant-contrast masking gratings. At 1.0, 4.0, and 16.0 cpd, the tuning functions peaked at the test frequencies. The dichoptic tuning functions had a bandwidth of about 1 octave between half-maximum points, narrower than +/- 1 octave bandwidths of the monocular tuning functions. At 0.125 and 0.25 cpd, the tuning functions were broader and exhibited a shift in peak masking to frequencies above the test frequencies.
Multicenter evaluation of the Bayer Immuno 1™ CA 15-3™ assay (1998)

We conducted a multicenter evaluation of the analytical and clinical features of the automated Bayer Immuno 1 CA 15-3 assay and compared assay performance to two manual tests. Results of the 10-day imprecision study of the Bayer Immuno 1 assay pooled across four evaluation sites and three lots of reagent produced total CV < or = 4%. Lot-to-lot reproducibility for 26 different lots of reagents and calibrators manufactured over a 2-year period was demonstrated (CV, 1.1%). Results for the Bayer Immuno 1 assay correlated well with the Biomira TRUQUANT BR 27.29 and Centocor CA 15-3 RIAs (r > or = 0.94). The upper limit of the reference interval for the Bayer Immuno 1 assay was 35.9 kilounits/L (35.9 units/mL); values were similar for all methods. Longitudinal monitoring of healthy women yielded assay values with an average CV of 11% and 21% for the Bayer Immuno 1 and Biomira assays, respectively. The Bayer Immuno 1 assay demonstrated the analytical features, intermethod correlation, and long-term performance characteristics that are essential for longitudinal monitoring of breast cancer patients.
Human immunoglobulin isotype and IgG subclass response to different antigens of Moraxella catarrhalis (1997)

Enzyme immunoassays were tested for the determination of antibodies of different isotypes and IgG subclasses to Moraxella catarrhalis in human sera. An assay based on an outer membrane protein preparation (OMP) as antigen was compared to assays using whole bacterial cells and a purified lipopolysaccharide preparation. There was a good correlation between the results obtained with the OMP preparation and the whole-cell antigen. In paired sera, optimal sensitivity was obtained by using the OMP preparation as coating antigen and testing for a rise in IgG3 antibodies. However, patients with high levels of antibodies in acute serum had no or only an insignificant antibody response during infection.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Nucleic Acids (1989)

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to measure properties of poly(rA).poly(rU) and DNA, such as helical pitch, half-period oscillations that were interpreted as the alternation between the major and minor grooves, and interhelical spacing. Average pitches were measured by two-dimensional Fourier transforms and by topographic profiles along the fiber axes. Values were typically 7 percent less than standard dimensions of A-form RNA and B-form DNA fibers. This result is compatible with the mild dehydration that occurred under air-drying conditions. More extensive dehydration typically led to 19 percent shrinkage. Analysis of specific regions allowed local variations in helical pitch as small as 1 angstrom to be detected, thus demonstrating that the STM can visualize functionally significant modulations of nucleic acid structure.
Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus <i>Postia placenta</i> supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion (2009)

Brown-rot fungi such as Postia placenta are common inhabitants of forest ecosystems and are also largely responsible for the destructive decay of wooden structures. Rapid depolymerization of cellulose is a distinguishing feature of brown-rot, but the biochemical mechanisms and underlying genetics are poorly understood. Systematic examination of the P. placenta genome, transcriptome, and secretome revealed unique extracellular enzyme systems, including an unusual repertoire of extracellular glycoside hydrolases. Genes encoding exocellobiohydrolases and cellulose-binding domains, typical of cellulolytic microbes, are absent in this efficient cellulose-degrading fungus. When P. placenta was grown in medium containing cellulose as sole carbon source, transcripts corresponding to many hemicellulases and to a single putative beta-1-4 endoglucanase were expressed at high levels relative to glucose-grown cultures. These transcript profiles were confirmed by direct identification of peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Also up-regulated during growth on cellulose medium were putative iron reductases, quinone reductase, and structurally divergent oxidases potentially involved in extracellular generation of Fe(II) and H(2)O(2). These observations are consistent with a biodegradative role for Fenton chemistry in which Fe(II) and H(2)O(2) react to form hydroxyl radicals, highly reactive oxidants capable of depolymerizing cellulose. The P. placenta genome resources provide unparalleled opportunities for investigating such unusual mechanisms of cellulose conversion. More broadly, the genome offers insight into the diversification of lignocellulose degrading mechanisms in fungi. Comparisons with the closely related white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium support an evolutionary shift from white-rot to brown-rot during which the capacity for efficient depolymerization of lignin was lost.
Net results ~3D graphics\ (1997)

A good 3D visual imagination is valuable for anyone working in 3D graphics. An excellent way to develop that imagination is to build models and hold them, turn them, and study them. The author begins with Platonic solids. He shows an unfolded shape, such as a tetrahedron made of four equilateral triangles, and includes small assembly flaps. He shows the unfolded diagrams or nets for these solids. He discusses the kaleidocycle, one of the most interesting dynamic polyhedral models.
The structure of human CD23 and its interactions with IgE and CD21 (2005)

The low-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, CD23 (FcepsilonRII), binds both IgE and CD21 and, through these interactions, regulates the synthesis of IgE, the antibody isotype that mediates the allergic response. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the C-type lectin domain of CD23 in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An analysis of concentration-dependent chemical shift perturbations have allowed us to identify the residues engaged in self-association to the trimeric state, whereas ligand-induced changes have defined the binding sites for IgE and CD21. The results further reveal that CD23 can bind both ligands simultaneously. Despite the C-type lectin domain structure, none of the interactions require calcium. We also find that IgE and CD23 can interact to form high molecular mass multimeric complexes. The interactions that we have described provide a solution to the paradox that CD23 is involved in both up- and down-regulation of IgE and provide a structural basis for the development of inhibitors of allergic disease.
MRC Trial of Treatment in Elderly Hypertensives (1993)

The MRC trial was a random control comparison of placebo treatment with two active drug regimens: atenolol 50 mg daily and a combined tablet containing hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and amiloride 2.5 mg. The trial was based on 226 general practices in the U.K. Its primary purpose was to determine whether hypotensive drug treatment in men and women aged 65-74 with systolic pressure in the range 160-209 mmHg and with diastolic pressure below 115 mmHg reduced stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality. A secondary objective was to determine whether outcome differed with the two forms of active treatment. 4,396 patients were randomized: 50% to placebo; 25% each to the two forms of treatment. During the following 5.8 years 25,000 patient-years of experience accumulated. Blood pressure fell in the placebo group, larger falls occurred with the two active treatments. Active treatment (diuretic and beta-blocker groups combined) reduced stroke by 25% (95% CI 3 to 42%), CHD by 19% (-2% to 36%, p = 0.08), cardiovascular events by 17% (2% to 29%). Benefits were clearest for the diuretic regime: a 31% reduction of stroke events, a 44% reduction of CHD and a 35% reduction of cardiovascular events--all significant.
Emerging Non-Volatile Memory Technologies for Computing and Security (2018)

With CMOS technology scaling reaching its limitations rigorous research of alternate and competent technologies is paramount to push the boundaries of computing. Spintronic and resistive memories have proven to be effective alternatives in terms of area, power and performance to CMOS because of their non-volatility, ability for logic computing and easy integration with CMOS. However, deeper investigations to understand their physical phenomenon and improve their properties such as writability, stability, reliability, endurance, uniformity with minimal device-device variations is necessary for deployment as memories in commercial applications. Application of these technologies beyond memory and logic are investigated in this thesis i.e. for security of integrated circuits and systems and special purpose memories. We proposed a spintonic based special purpose memory for search applications, present design analysis and techniques to improve the performance for larger word lengths upto 256 bits. Salient characteristics of RRAM is studied and exploited in the design of widely accepted hardware security primitives such as Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) and True Random Number Generators (TRNG). Vulnerability of these circuits to adversary attacks and countermeasures are proposed. Proposed PUF can be implemented within 1T-1R conventional memory architecture which offers area advantages compared to RRAM memory and cross bar array PUFs with huge number of challenge response pairs. Potential application of proposed strong arbiter PUF in the Internet of things is proposed and performance is evaluated theoretically with valid assumptions on the maturity of RRAM technology. Proposed TRNG effectively utilizes the random telegraph noise in RRAM current to generate random bit stream. TRNG is evaluated for sufficient randomness in the random bit stream generated. Vulnerability and countermeasures to adversary attacks are also studied. Finally, in thesis we investigated and extended the application of emerging non-volatile memory technologies for search and security in integrated circuits and systems.
Adenocarcinoma of the Vagina (1971)

Adenocarcinoma of the vagina in young women had been recorded rarely before the report of several cases treated at the Vincent Memorial Hospital between 1966 and 1969. The unusual occurrence of this tumor in eight patients born in New England hospitals between 1946 and 1951 led us to conduct a retrospective investigation in search of factors that might be associated with tumor appearance. Four matched controls were established for each patient; data were obtained by personal interview. Results show maternal bleeding during the current pregnancy and previous pregnancy loss were more common in the study group. Most significantly, seven of the eight mothers of patients with carcinoma had been treated with diethylstilbestrol started during the first trimester. None in the control group were so treated (p less than 0.00001). Maternal ingestion of stilbestrol during early pregnancy appears to have enhanced the risk of vaginal adenocarcinoma developing years later in the offspring exposed.
Is Scientific Investigation of Postmortem Survival an Anachronism?: The Demise of the Survival Hypothesis (2002)

The survival hypothesis, or the notion of postmortem survival, has been a key domain of parapsychological research since the inception of the Society for Psychical Research in the late nineteenth century. Parapsychologists nevertheless have made no definitive progress toward the verification of the survival hypothesis, and the continued centrality of this issue to parapsychology is a major impediment to the acceptance of the field as a scientific enterprise. A redefinition of parapsychology and the relegation of the survival hypothesis to minor status are advocated.
Evaluation of a chief complaint pre-processor for biosurveillance. (2007)

Emergency Department (ED) chief complaint (CC) data are key components of syndromic surveillance systems. However, it is difficult to use CC data because they are not standardized and contain varying semantic and lexical forms for the same concept. The purpose of this project was to revise a previously-developed text processor for pre-processing CC data specifically for syndromic surveillance and then evaluate it for acute respiratory illness surveillance to support decisions by public health epidemiologists. We evaluated the text processor accuracy and used the results to customize it for respiratory surveillance. We sampled 3,699 ED records from a population-based public health surveillance system. We found equal sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of syndrome queries of data processed through the text processor compared to a standard keyword method on raw, unprocessed data.
Synthesis of nitric oxide from <scp>l</scp>-arginine by neutrophils. Release and interaction with superoxide anion (1989)

Stimulated rat peritoneal neutrophils release a platelet inhibitory factor with the pharmacological properties of NO. This release is inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and L-canavanine, indicating that it occurs through a mechanism similar to that in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. As the degree of stimulation increases, the factor released is progressively inactivated by concomitant release of superoxide anions.
Characterization of novel three and six channel color moire free sensors (1999)

This paper describes a new type of multi channel color sensor with the special property of having all channels per pixel at the same spatial location one on top of the other. This arrangement is accomplished by stacking three amorphous thin film detectors on a glass substrate. It has the advantage that the color moire effect is avoided which produces large color errors when objects of high spatial frequency are captured with a multi-channel sensor array. The new technique enables the design of a three-channel sensor as well as a six-channel sensor. In the latter case, color is captured in two shots by changing the bias voltages. The colorimetric characterization of the sensors is presented, including multiple polynomial regression both for tristimulus and spectral reconstruction, and the smoothing inverse for spectral reconstruction. The results obtained with different types of regression polynomials, different sensors, and different characterization methods are compared. The results show that the three-channel color moire free sensors are able to produce good accuracy, while the six-channel's performance is striking.
An i-mode portable healthcare monitor (2002)

A portable monitor for ambulatory healthcare using an i-mode cellular phone is proposed. This monitor consists of tiny unit and a cellular phone with Java platform. The unit includes a common module and a functional module. The common module provides a shared interface (analog to digital conversion, signal processing and data communication protocol conversion and etc.) for diversity of the biosignals. The functional module is replaceable and applicable to various pick-up sensors for different vital signs. An i-mode digital cellular phone with Java supported Internet browser is connected to the common module via the PDC connector. When a client signs in the i-mode server first time using his/her cellular phone, i appll (Java program for an i-mode cellular phone) will be automatically downloaded into the phone and initiated. The common module identifies which kind of signal is incoming from the functional module and then launch the corresponding software package to detect the signal. If any abnormality in the vital sign is recognized, data will be sent to specific server via an i-mode cellular phone. An interactive communication link is then setup between a doctor and a client through the wireless network.
A tabu search heuristic to solve the scheduling problem for a batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes (2010)

A scheduling problem for the batch-processing machine with non-identical job sizes is investigated. The objective is to minimize the makespan. The problem has been proved to be NP-hard. Hence, a tabu search heuristic is proposed to solve it approximately. Besides the basic neighborhoods, three variable depth neighborhoods which are explored by the filter-and-fan method are proposed and used in the tabu search process for further improvement. The larger neighborhood can be obtained by adjusting the depth of search dynamically in the filter-and-fan method. A group of random instances are generated to test the effectiveness of the heuristic we proposed. The experimental results show that the heuristic can obtain the optimal solutions for most of the instances with small scales. And for all the instances with large scales, the heuristic significantly outperform the standard commercial solver both on run time and quality of solution.
ODK tables (2011)

Many information services require the transfer of only small amounts of information between a client and server. Furthermore, their deployment often requires an ecosystem of cloud services rarely present in developing world contexts. ODK Tables (a component of the Open Data Kit) provides a way of organizing data into database tables hosted directly by a smartphone. Clients can make new entries into the tables (under an extensible access control model) and make queries of existing information. ODK Tables supports SMS-based interactions and allows import/export of tables to other storage whether in the cloud or on another local computing device. The objective of ODK Tables is to lower barriers experienced by entrepreneurs or other information providers in the developing world to field their own information services. This paper describes ODK Tables' capabilities, user interface, performance characteristics, and some example use cases.