gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replicating Adenoviruses That Target Tumors with Constitutive Activation of the wnt Signaling Pathway (2001)

Despite important advances in understanding the molecular basis of cancer, few treatments have been devised which rationally target known causal oncogenic defects. Selectively replicating viruses have a major advantage over nonreplicating viruses to target these defects because the therapeutic effect of the injected virus is augmented by virus produced within the tumor. To permit rational targeting of colon tumors, we have developed replicating adenoviruses that express the viral E1B and E2 genes from promoters controlled by the Tcf4 transcription factor. Tcf4 is constitutively activated by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli and beta-catenin genes in virtually all colon tumors and is constitutively repressed by Groucho and CtBP in normal tissue. The Tcf-E2 and Tcf-E1B promoters are active in many, but not all, cell lines with activation of the wnt pathway. Viruses with Tcf regulation of E2 expression replicate normally in SW480 colon cancer cells but show a 50- to 100-fold decrease in replication in H1299 lung cancer cells and WI38 normal fibroblasts. Activation of wnt signaling by transduction of a stable beta-catenin mutant into normal fibroblasts renders the cells permissive for virus replication. Insertion of Tcf4 sites in the E1B promoter has only small effects on replication in vitro but significantly reduces the inflammatory response in a rodent lung model in vivo. Replicating adenoviruses with Tcf regulation of both E1B and E2 transcription are potentially useful for the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal tumors, but additional changes will be required to produce a virus that can be used to treat all colon tumors.
<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> LprG ( <i>Rv1411c</i> ): A Novel TLR-2 Ligand That Inhibits Human Macrophage Class II MHC Antigen Processing (2004)

MHC class II (MHC-II)-restricted CD4(+) T cells are essential for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This report describes the identification and purification of LprG (Rv1411c) as an inhibitor of primary human macrophage MHC-II Ag processing. LprG is a 24-kDa lipoprotein found in the M. tuberculosis cell wall. Prolonged exposure (>16 h) of human macrophages to LprG resulted in marked inhibition of MHC-II Ag processing. Inhibition of MHC-II Ag processing was dependent on TLR-2. Short-term exposure (<6 h) to LprG stimulated TLR-2-dependent TNF-alpha production. Thus, LprG can exploit TLR-2 signaling to inhibit MHC-II Ag processing in human macrophages. Inhibition of MHC-II Ag processing by mycobacterial lipoproteins may allow M. tuberculosis, within infected macrophages, to avoid recognition by CD4(+) T cells.
A novel antithrombotic coronary stent: lysine-poly(HEMA)-modified cobalt–chromium stent with fibrinolytic activity (2012)

Prevention of coagulation appears not to be possible when a foreign surface is in contact with blood; the alternative concept of a clot lysing surface has therefore been suggested. In this work, a mimic of the fibrinolytic system was constructed on L605 cobalt-chromium coronary stents. Lysine which, immobilized on a surface, has been shown previously to adsorb plasminogen in contact with blood was attached to the stent using poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) as a spacer. The lysine-poly(HEMA) modified stent was shown to have low nonspecific protein adsorption and to bind plasminogen in high quantity from plasma. Following exposure to plasma and treatment with tissue plasminogen activator, the lysine-modified stents showed clot-lysing properties in vitro while the unmodified L605 stents did not. It was shown that the modified stents retained their clot lysing properties after 24 h exposure to plasma.
Improving Speech Separation with Adversarial Network and Reinforcement Learning (2018)

In contrast to the conventional deep neural network for single-channel speech separation, we propose a separation framework based on adversarial network and reinforcement learning. The purpose of the adversarial network inspired by the generative adversarial network is to make the separated result and ground-truth with the same data distribution by evaluating the discrepancy between them. Meanwhile, in order to enable the model to bias the generation towards desirable metrics and reduce the discrepancy between training loss (such as mean squared error) and testing metric (such as SDR), we present the future success based on reinforcement learning. We directly optimize the performance metric to accomplish exactly that. With the combination of adversarial network and reinforcement learning, our model is able to improve the performance of single-channel speech separation.
Compiler support for software-based cache partitioning (1995)

Cache memories have become an essential part of modern processors to bridge the increasing gap between fast processors and slower main memory. Until recently, cache memories were thought to impose unpredictable execution time behavior for hard real-time systems. But recent results show that the speedup of caches can be exploited without a significant sacrifice of predictability. These results were obtained under the assumption that real-time tasks be scheduled non-preemptively .This paper introduces a method to maintain predictability of execution time within preemptive , cached real-time systems and discusses the impact on compilation support for such a system. Preemptive systems with caches are made predictable via software-based cache partitioning. With this approach, the cache is divided into distinct portions associated with a real-time task, such that a task may only use its portion. The compiler has to support instruction and data partitioning for each task. Instruction partitioning involves non-linear control-flow transformations, while data partitioning involves code transformations of data references. The impact on execution time of these transformations is also discussed.
Federated learning with auxiliary generator (2020)

Federated Learning (FL) is a client-based distributed machine learning framework, which aim to train a central- ized model with protecting data privacy. However, the decentralized datasets pose a challenge on the traditional FL, as they are non-independent and identical distributed (non-IID). Non-IID settings can result in client result gradient biases, which may decrease the accuracy of the model. To address this issue, we propose Federated Learning with Auxiliary Generator(FedGen), which keeps the consistent of data distribution between clients leveraging the auxiliary generator, and the gradient become more accurate. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on the benchmark datasets, including the MNIST and LEAF dataset. The experimental results shows that FedGen converges 1.2 times faster than FedAvg, while the accuracy can be increased.
A simple algorithm for predicting proton SEU rates in space compared to the rates measured on the CRRES satellite (1994)

A new simulation code, the Clemson Omnidirectional Spallation Model for Interaction in Circuits (COSMIC), is described and its predictions agree with SEU data from four devices flown as part of the microelectronics package experiment on the CRRES satellite. The code uses CUPID for determining the energy depositions in the sensitive volumes. It allows proton exposures with arbitrary angles of incidence including random omnidirectional exposure; and the user specifies the thickness of shielding on six sides of the sensitive volume. COSMIC is used as part of an algorithm developed to predict the rate proton induced single event upsets occur in the space radiation environment given by AP-8. In testing the algorithm, the position coordinates are taken from the satellite's ephemeris data, but calculations based on position coordinates from orbital codes were also in agreement with the measured values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENYLTHIOHYDANTOIN DERIVATIVES OF AMINO‐ACIDS PROTECTED IN THEIR SIDE‐CHAIN FUNCTIONS, AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR MONITORING SOLID‐PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (1978)

Abstract In der Kurzmitt.
Large Scale Kernel Learning using Block Coordinate Descent (2016)

We demonstrate that distributed block coordinate descent can quickly solve kernel regression and classification problems with millions of data points. Armed with this capability, we conduct a thorough comparison between the full kernel, the Nyström method, and random features on three large classification tasks from various domains. Our results suggest that the Nyström method generally achieves better statistical accuracy than random features, but can require significantly more iterations of optimization. Lastly, we derive new rates for block coordinate descent which support our experimental findings when specialized to kernel methods.
Kinetics and mechanism of the stepwise dissociation of iron(III) from ferrioxamine B in aqueous acid (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of the stepwise dissociation of iron(III) from ferrioxamine B in aqueous acidBruce Monzyk and Alvin L. CrumblissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 18, 4921–4929Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00382a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Donor CMV serostatus has no impact on CMV viremia or disease when prophylactic granulocyte transfusions are given following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (2003)

We studied the impact of donor cytomegalovirus (CMV) serologic status on CMV viremia and disease when prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized granulocyte transfusions (GTs) were given following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (AlloPBSC) transplantation. A cohort of 83 patients who received 2 prophylactic GTs from ABO-compatible stem cell donors following AlloPBSC transplantation was compared with a cohort of 142 patients who did not. AlloPBSC donors were eligible for granulocyte donation irrespective of their CMV serostatus. Recipients received no prophylactic therapy for CMV. Donor CMV serostatus had no impact on CMV viremia and disease in the 2 cohorts. Our data show that in an era of effective surveillance and preemptive therapy for CMV, AlloPBSC recipients can safely receive 2 transfusions of prophylactic G-CSF-mobilized granulocyte components from CMV-seropositive AlloPBSC donors. This knowledge may help expand the donor pool in areas with a high prevalence of CMV in the general population.
Hydrolytic Degradation of Aliphatic Polyesters Copolymerized with Poly(ethylene glycol)s (1997)

Poly(1,4-butanediol succinate) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol with 10–50mol% (in feed) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), where molecular weight (MW) of PEG is 200–2000. The reduced specific viscosity of the copolymers increased with incorporation of the PEG component, but a higher PEG content in the copolymers reduced it. The temperature of melting (Tm) and crystallinity decreased with increasing PEG content. Tm depression of the copolymers followed approximately Flory’s equation, suggesting that these are random type copolymers. Tensile strength and elongation decreased with increasing MW and content of PEG. The weight loss of copolymer films in a buffer solution with or without lipase at 37°C, as well as water absorption, increased with increasing PEG content, implying that higher water absorption contributes to hydrolytic degradation of the films. However, the weight loss of copolymers with PEG of lower MW increased greatly in spite of lower water absorption, demonstrating that hydrolytic degradation is influenced by the concentration of degradable ester linkages between succinic acid and PEG segments rather than water absorption. © of SCI.
Lateral inhibition and the development of the sensory bristles of the adult peripheral nervous system of <i>Drosophila</i> (1990)

Cells in the neurectoderm of Drosophila face a choice between neural and epidermal fates. On the notum of the adult fly, neural cells differentiate sensory bristles in a precise pattern. Evidence has accumulated that the bristle pattern arises from the spatial distribution of small groups of cells, proneural clusters, from each of which a single bristle will result. One class of genes, which includes the genes of the achaete-scute complex, is responsible for the correct positioning of the proneural clusters. The cells of a proneural cluster constitute an equivalence group, each of them having the potential to become a neural cell. Only one cell, however, will adopt the primary, dominant, neural fate. This cell is selected by means of cellular interactions between the members of the group, since if the dominant cell is removed, one of the remaining, epidermal, cells will switch fates and become neural. The dominant cell therefore prevents the other cells of the group from becoming neural by a phenomenon known as lateral inhibiton. They, then, adopt the secondary, epidermal, fate. A second class of genes, including the gene shaggy and the neurogenic genes mediate this process. There is some evidence that a proneural cluster is composed of a small number of cells, suggesting a contact-based mechanism of communication. The molecular nature of the protein products of the neurogenic genes is consistent with this idea.
Imaging therapeutic response in human bone marrow using rapid whole‐body MRI (2004)

Whole-body imaging of therapeutic response in human bone marrow was achieved without introduced contrast agents using diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging of physiologic water. Bone marrow disease was identified relative to the strong overlying signals from water and lipids in other anatomy through selective excitation of the water resonance and generation of image contrast that was dependent upon differential nuclear relaxation times and self-diffusion coefficients. Three-dimensional displays were generated to aid image interpretation. The geometric distortion inherent in echo-planar imaging techniques was minimized through the acquisition of multiple axial slices at up to 12 anatomic stations over the entire body. Examples presented include the evaluation of therapeutic response in bone marrow during cytotoxic therapy for leukemia and metastatic prostate cancer and during cytokine administration for marrow mobilization prior to stem cell harvest.
Tapir: Automation Support of Exploratory Testing Using Model Reconstruction of the System Under Test (2018)

For a considerable number of software projects, the creation of effective test cases is hindered by design documentation that is either lacking, incomplete, or obsolete. The exploratory testing approach can serve as a sound method in such situations. However, the efficiency of this testing approach strongly depends on the method, the documentation of explored parts of a system, the organization and distribution of work among individual testers on a team, and the minimization of potential (very probable) duplicities in performed tests. In this paper, we present a framework for replacing and automating a portion of these tasks. A screen-flow-based model of the tested system is incrementally reconstructed during the exploratory testing process by tracking testers' activities. With additional metadata, the model serves for an automated navigation process for a tester. Compared with the exploratory testing approach, which is manually performed in two case studies, the proposed framework allows the testers to explore a greater extent of the tested system and enables greater detection of the defects present in the system. The results show that the time efficiency of the testing process improved with the framework support. This efficiency can be increased by team-based navigational strategies that are implemented within the proposed framework, which is documented by another case study presented in this paper.
연구논문 : 2012년 미국 대선과 공화당의 과제 (2013)

This study analyzes the 2012 U. S. Presidential election results focusing on some scholarly accounts that explain why the Republican candidate lostthe November election. Although the last U. S. Presidential election was believed for some Republicans to be “impossible-to-lose” election due to the enduring economic depression, the GOP failed to win the election. Drawing upon some scholarly and journalistic analyses of the 2012 U. S. Presidential outcomes, I suggest some reasons explaining why the Incumbent President Obama could win the election despite the bad economic condition. I contend that the incumbent president won the election not only because he had the incumbent advantage but also because a demographic shift has been occurring among the U. S. population to advantage the Democratic Party, and the liberal party won the culture war. In addition to these, I also demonstrate that the U. S. electorate has been increasingly alienated from the Republican Party in terms of the party image as well as ideological orientation. Taken these together, I conclude that the GOP needs some party rebranding to survive in future elections.
Induction of abortion and parturition with corticosteroids in dairy cattle (1977)

1.54例のホルスタイン種乳牛と1例の短角牛の計55例に,副腎皮質ホルモンによる流産ならびに分娩誘発を試みたところ,妊娠日数60~135日の6例中3例が無効だったほかは,いずれもデキサメサゾン,ベタメサゾン10~20mg,1~3回注射で流産あるいは分娩誘発に成功したが,67.3%に胎盤停滞が発生した。2.妊娠日数250~275日の3例,277~338日の6例ならびに自然分娩牛(対照)8例の計17例について,分娩前後の血中性ステロイドホルモンをRIA法で測定した結果,奇形児妊娠(長期在胎)牛の分娩前血中エストロジェン値の低いことが注目された。3.分娩予定日の7~10日前に分娩させた6例のウシの1乳期の乳量を,試験前及び試験後の産次の乳量と比較したところ,試験時産次の乳量は試験前産次の乳量より平均600kg近い減乳であったが,試験後産次の乳量との比較ではほとんど増減はなかった。4.分娩誘発が次回受胎率に及ぼす影響を自然分娩牛の場合と比較してみたが,差はみられなかった。
Determination of on-capillary pH and proton and hydroxide mobility in capillary electrophoresis (2009)

The primary aim of this work is the measurement of on-capillary pH within the field of capillary electrophoresis. The first part of this thesis presents an investigation into the properties of the pH junction formed through a multi-electrolyte system within the capillary. For 1-unit pH differences, the pH character of a sample zone, sandwiched between zones of higher or lower pH was preserved, although the pH junctions themselves were observed to move. For 2-unit pH differences, an increase in time spent on the capillary, along with movement of the dye molecules being used to measure the pH, made it impossible to measure the pH of the sample zone. These experiments led to an interest in the mobility of proton and hydroxide ions within the capillary. While extensive measurements had been performed on bulk solutions of strong acids and bases under an electric field, no one as yet had measured the mobilities on a capillary. Using a pH indicator to measure the migration velocity of the ions, the mobilities of OH⁻ and H⁺ ions were determined, and found to be similar to empirical measurements made using bulk solutions. Finally, in a departure from pH measurement, method development for the assay of functionalized dendrimer compounds was performed. A qualitative assay was developed and evaluated for linearity, quantitation limit, and specificity. The assay was also applied to samples of the compound prepared in a plasma sample matrix.
History and Systematic Review of Wear and Osteolysis Outcomes for First-generation Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene (2011)

HXLPE liner studies consistently report lower femoral head penetration and an 87% lower risk of osteolysis. Reduction in femoral head penetration or osteolysis risk is not established for large-diameter (>32 mm) metallic femoral heads or ceramic femoral heads of any size. Few studies document the clinical performance of HXLPE in knees.
Enhancing the Attractiveness of Learning through Augmented Reality (2018)

Over the last years, augmented reality was used in various domains, from medical, industrial design, modeling and production, robot teleoperation, military, entertainment, leisure activities to translation, facial recognition, assistance while driving, interior and exterior design, virtual friends, internet of things and eLearning. In eLearning, the combination between classical and augmented content (the later coming with 3D models, images, sounds, animations, Internet browsing, etc.) can help the teacher to better explain the content of the courses. In this paper, we present four augmented reality applications, created with the aim to improve communication and collaboration skills (two of them) and to ease the learning of biology and geography (the other two). The motivation behind these applications is to enhance the attractiveness of the classes, allow students to retrain new information more easily and reduce the stress behind tests when presented as games.
High temperature degradation of structural materials in environments encountered in the petroleum and petrochemical industries: Some mechanistic observations (1985)

This paper reviews some of the important processes underlying high temperature degradation of structural materials used in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. Particular emphasis is palced in degradation processes involving the interaction of structural metals and alloys with environments containing sulfidizing, carburizing, and halogenizing species. In addition the effect of gaseous hydrogen environments at elevated temperatures and pressures on the mechanical properties of steels will be discussed. The mechanism of attack and the effect of alloying elements in these phenomena will be described and discussed.
Proteomics for routine identification of microorganisms (2011)

The invention of MALDI-TOF-MS enormously contributed to the understanding of protein chemistry and cell biology. Without this technique proteomics would most likely not be the important discipline it is today. Besides 'true' proteomics, MALDI-TOF-MS was applied for the analysis of microorganisms for their taxonomic characterization from its beginning. This approach has since been developed as a diagnostic tool readily available for routine, high-throughput analysis of microbial isolates from clinical specimens by intact-cell mass spectrometry (ICMS), the direct analysis of whole bacterial cell without a preceding fractionation or separation by chromatography or electrophoresis. ICMS exploits the reproducibility of mass fingerprints for individual bacterial and fungal strains as well as the high similarity of mass fingerprints within a species. Comparison of mass spectral data to genomic sequences emphasized the validity of peak patterns as taxonomic markers. Supported by comprehensive databases, MALDI-TOF-MS-based identification has been widely accepted in clinical laboratories within only a few years.