gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser plasma x-ray source for ultrafast time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2015)

We describe a laser-driven x-ray plasma source designed for ultrafast x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The source is comprised of a 1 kHz, 20 W, femtosecond pulsed infrared laser and a water target. We present the x-ray spectra as a function of laser energy and pulse duration. Additionally, we investigate the plasma temperature and photon flux as we vary the laser energy. We obtain a 75 μm FWHM x-ray spot size, containing ∼10(6) photons/s, by focusing the produced x-rays with a polycapillary optic. Since the acquisition of x-ray absorption spectra requires the averaging of measurements from >10(7) laser pulses, we also present data on the source stability, including single pulse measurements of the x-ray yield and the x-ray spectral shape. In single pulse measurements, the x-ray flux has a measured standard deviation of 8%, where the laser pointing is the main cause of variability. Further, we show that the variability in x-ray spectral shape from single pulses is low, thus justifying the combining of x-rays obtained from different laser pulses into a single spectrum. Finally, we show a static x-ray absorption spectrum of a ferrioxalate solution as detected by a microcalorimeter array. Altogether, our results demonstrate that this water-jet based plasma source is a suitable candidate for laboratory-based time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments.
The growth of MQW planar buried heterostructure lasers with semi-insulating blocking layers by OMVPE (2002)

The growth of suitable semi-insulating (SI) material for buried heterostructure (BH) lasers and the material's electrical characteristics under single and double carrier injection conditions are described. The difficulty of regrowth of InP around mesas is discussed. It is necessary to grow a thick SI layer for maximum resistance, and to achieve a planar surface to enable electrical contact to be made to the device. Threshold currents as low as 7 mA, output powers of over 20 mW and modulation bandwidths up to 8 GHz have been measured for a laser with highly resistive planar SI layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lee and Gaensslen's Advances in Fingerprint Technology (2012)

Part I: Overview of Current Fingerprint Technology Powder Methods Robert S. Ramotowski Amino Acid Reagents Robert S. Ramotowski Metal Deposition Methods Robert S. Ramotowski Lipid Reagents Robert S. Ramotowski Vapor/Fuming Methods Robert S. Ramotowski Blood Reagents Robert S. Ramotowski Miscellaneous Methods and Challenging Surfaces Robert S. Ramotowski Part II: Recent Advances in Fingerprint Technology Powders for Fingerprint Development Helen L. Bandey, Stephen M. Bleay, and Andrew P. Gibson Enhancement Techniques for Fingerprints in Blood Vaughn G. Sears Vacuum Metal Deposition Milutin Stoilovic, Naomi Speers, and Chris Lennard Cyanoacrylate Fuming Method Linda A. Lewis Ninhydrin and Ninhydrin Analogues: Recent Developments Joseph Almog Fingermark Detection Using Nanoparticles Andy Becue and Antonio A. Cantu Friction Ridge Detection from Challenging Crime Scenes Della Wilkinson Statistics and Probabilities as a Means to Support Fingerprint Examination Cedric Neumann Digital Imaging Bruce Comber, Gemma Payne, and Chris Lennard Index
The Baton Is Passed (2003)

Every five years The Journal of Immunology sees a change in leadership. It is my distinct privilege to assume the important role of Editor-in-Chief on January 1, 2003, and continue the legacy of excellence established by my predecessors. It has become customary that a redesign of the cover
Essential Magnesium Alloys Binary Phase Diagrams and Their Thermochemical Data (2014)

Magnesium-based alloys are becoming a major industrial material for structural applications because of their potential weight saving characteristics. All the commercial Mg alloys like AZ, AM, AE, EZ, ZK, and so forth series are multicomponent and hence it is important to understand the phase relations of the alloying elements with Mg. In this work, eleven essential Mg-based binary systems including Mg-Al/Zn/Mn/Ca/Sr/Y/Ni/Ce/Nd/Cu/Sn have been reviewed. Each of these systems has been discussed critically on the aspects of phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. All the available experimental data has been summarized and critically assessed to provide detailed understanding of the systems. The phase diagrams are calculated based on the most up-to-date optimized parameters. The thermodynamic model parameters for all the systems except Mg-Nd have been summarized in tables. The crystallographic information of the intermetallic compounds of different binary systems is provided. Also, the heat of formation of the intermetallic compounds obtained from experimental, first principle calculations and CALPHAD optimizations are provided. In addition, reoptimization of the Mg-Y system has been done in this work since new experimental data showed wider solubility of the intermetallic compounds.
Longitudinal Observations of Monoamine Oxidase B in Alcoholics: Differentiation of Marker Characteristics (1994)

The marker characteristics of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) in human platelets were investigated in a clinical study of 59 alcoholics (diagnosed according to the criteria of ICD-10) observed over a period of 6 months. Demographic and family history were obtained by a structured interview, including the substance abuse section of CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview). The patient's personality was assessed by Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Blood samples were first drawn during chronic intoxication (day of admission to the hospital for detoxication), after short-term abstinence (8 days later), medium-term (3 months later), and long-term abstinence (6 months later). A group of 22 matched healthy nonalcoholics served as controls studied under sober conditions and during acute intoxication (4 hr after ingestion of 1 g ethanol/kg body weight). All platelet samples were investigated with 6 kynuramine concentrations as substrate (fluorometric assay) in the absence and presence of 200 mM ethanol (ETOH) in vitro. MAO B activity was significantly reduced in alcoholics during chronic intoxication (Vmax: 2.70 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg protein) compared with sober (Vmax: 3.25 +/- 0.23 nmol/min/mg protein) and acutely intoxicated controls that turned to normal during abstinence. However, MAO B activity obtained during medium- and long-term abstinence was significantly lowered in patients with high novelty-seeking and impulsiveness scores in the TPQ, a history of suicide attempts, or an alcoholic mother. The affinity of MAO B (Km values) was unchanged in alcoholics at any time investigated. Addition of ETOH in vitro reduced the affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Free Fatty Acids with On-Line FTIR Detection (1986)

The separation and detection of free fatty acids (FFAs) by supercritical fluid chromatography/Fourier transform infrared detection (SFC/FTIR) is demonstrated with an analytical-scale packed column method. FFAs in simple mixtures are separated by carbon number with supercritical CO2 and Freon 23 on Hamilton PRP-1 packings. Components are detected easily by strong absorbances at approximately 1700, 3000, and 3550 cm-1 infrared (IR) regions. FFAs extracted from butter, soap, soybean oil, and coconut oil samples could be easily identified. Retention time correlation to standard mixtures is necessary to differentiate between the different carbon number acids. The infrared spectra within each chromatographic peak provide information as to the extent of dimerization and the degree of unsaturation in the eluted component.
Modulation systems for digital audio discs with optical readout (2005)

This paper describes a new recording code format, Eight to Fourteen Modulation (EFM), designed for digital audio discs with optical readout. Attention is focused primarily on trade offs between conflicting parameters such as information density and d.c. content that led to the choice of the adopted format EFM.
Predicting Response to Radioimmunotherapy from the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Carcinomas (2007)

Solid tumors have a heterogeneous pathophysiology, which directly affects antibody-targeted therapies. Here, we consider the influence of selected tumor parameters on radioimmunotherapy, by comparing the gross biodistribution, microdistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of either radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled antibodies (A5B7 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody and a nonspecific control) after i.v. injection in two contrasting human colorectal xenografts in MF1 nude mice. The LS174T is moderately/poorly differentiated, whereas SW1222 has a well-differentiated glandular structure. Biodistribution studies (1.8 MBq (131)I-labeled A5B7, four mice per group) showed similar gross tumor uptake at 48 h in the two models (25.1% and 24.0% injected dose per gram, respectively). However, in therapy studies (six mice per group), LS174T required a 3-fold increase in dose (18 versus 6 MBq) to equal SW1222 growth inhibition ( approximately 55 versus approximately 60 days, respectively). To investigate the basis of this discrepancy, high-resolution multifluorescence microscopy was used to study antibody localization in relation to tumor parameters (5 min, 1 and 24 h, four mice per time point). Three-dimensional microvascular corrosion casting and transmission electron microscopy showed further structural differences between xenografts. Vascular supply, overall antigen distribution, and tumor structure varied greatly between models, and were principally responsible for major differences in antibody localization and subsequent therapeutic efficacy. The study shows that multiparameter, high-resolution imaging of both therapeutic and tumor microenvironment is required to comprehend complex antibody-tumor interactions, and to determine which tumor regions are being successfully treated. This will inform the design of optimized clinical trials of single and combined agents, and aid individual patient selection for antibody-targeted therapies.
Bacterial Genetics: Past Achievements, Present State of the Field, and Future Challenges (2008)

Genetic tools are required to take full advantage of the wealth of information generated by genome sequencing efforts and ensuing global gene and protein expression analyses. Bacterial genetics was originally developed and refined in Escherichia coli. As a consequence, elegant plasmid, cloning, expression, and mutagenesis systems were developed over the years and a good number of them are commercially available. This is not true for other bacteria. Although the development of genetic tools has generally not kept up with the sequencing pace, substantial progress has been made in this arena with many bacterial species. This short review highlights selected topics and achievements in the field over the past 25 years and presents some strategies that may help address future challenges. BioTechniques has played an integral part in the publication of important technological advances in the field over the first 25 years of its existence and it can be anticipated that it will continue to do so in the future.
A laser speckle sensor to measure the distribution of static torsion angles of twisted targets (1998)

A novel method for measuring the distribution of static torsion angles of twisted targets is presented. The method is based on Fourier transforming the scattered field in the direction perpendicular to the twist axis, while performing an imaging operation in the direction parallel to the axis. The Fourier transform serves to map the angular distribution of the scattered light field at the target into a linear displacement on a two-dimensional array image sensor placed in the Fourier plane. Measuring this displacement facilitates the determination of the angular displacement of the target. A cylindrical lens serves to image the closely spaced lateral positions of the target along the twist axis onto corresponding lines of the two dimensional image sensor. Thus, every single line of the image sensor measures the torsion angle of the corresponding surface position along the twist axis of the target. Experimentally, we measure the distribution of torsion angles in both uniform and non-uniform deformation zones. It is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the measurements are insensitive to object shape and target distance if the image sensor is placed in the Fourier plane. A straightforward procedure to position the image sensor in the Fourier plane is presented. Furthermore, any transverse movement of the target will give rise to partial speckle decorrelation, but it will not affect the angular measurement. The method is insensitive to any wavelength change of the illuminating light source. No special surface treatment is required for surfaces giving rise to fully developed speckle.
Programmed cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1); pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12); programmed cell death (PCD); extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)
Age-Based Reference Ranges for Annual Height Velocity in US Children (2014)

Objective: Clinicians caring for children rely on measures of linear growth as a biomarker of development and overall health. Current reference ranges for height velocity (HV) for US children are unable to provide HV percentiles or Z-scores for early maturing and late maturing children at ages other than age at peak velocity. We present empirically acquired, age-specific reference ranges for HV from a contemporary sample of US youth.
Structure Development of Polylactides with Various <scp>d</scp>-Lactide Contents in the High-Speed Melt Spinning Process (2003)

Abstract High-speed melt spinning of polylactides with various d-lactide contents was carried out and the structure and properties of the as-spun fibers were investigated. The highest take-up velocities attained for polylactides with low, middle, and high d-lactide contents (PLA-L, PLA-M, and PLA-H) were 10, 9, and 8 km/min, respectively. Birefringence of as-spun fibers increased with an increase in the take-up velocity. Fibers obtained at high take-up velocities showed lower birefringence with an increase in the d-lactide content. Distinct crystalline reflections appeared in WAXD patterns of PLA-L and PLA-M fibers spun at 5 and 6 km/min and higher, respectively. The crystal modification was α-form. In DSC thermograms, because of the difference in crystallizability of polymers and the effect of molecular orientation on crystallization rate, cold crystallization was observed for the PLA-L fibers obtained in a low take-up velocity region, whereas in a high take-up velocity region it was observed for the PLA-M fibers. Crystallinity analyzed from DSC thermograms of PLA-L and PLA-M increased with an increase in the take-up velocity. PLA-L fibers showed significantly higher crystallinity than PLA-M fibers, whereas PLA-H fibers were found to be amorphous up to the highest take-up velocities attained. Mechanical properties of as-spun fibers increased with an increase in the take-up velocity. The highest initial Young's modulus and tenacity, which were for PLA-L fibers obtained at 10 km/min, were about 5.9 GPa and 570 MPa, respectively. Acknowledgments
Study of Motion of Impurity Ions Making Influence on Electrical Properties of Polymer Solids in Low Frequency Range (2013)

The motion of impurity ions affects the electrical properties of polymer solid. The ions move through free spaces which exist in the non-crystalline part between polymer crystallites. The free spaces have inhomogeneous size distribution depending on a property of polymers or crystallization conditions. The homogeneity or inhomogeneity of the size of the free space affects the ionic motion, and consequently it also affects the electrical properties of polymer solids. In order to study the electrical properties of polymer solids in relation with such motion of impurity ions, the conductivity relaxation time was calculated for isotactic poly (propylene) (iPP), low density poly (ethylene) (LDPE) and plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) with dioctyl phthalate (p-PVC) from the electric modulus as a function of frequency which was observed by means of the Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). The value of the conductivity relaxation time reflects the non-crystalline structure of these polymers.
Refactoring programs to secure information flows (2006)

Adding a sound information flow security policy to an existing program is a difficult task that requires major analysis of andchanges to the program. In this paper we show how refactoring programs into distinct components of high and low security is a useful methodology to aid in the production of programs with sound information flow policies. Our methodology proceeds as follows. Given a program with no information flow controls, a program sliceris used to identify code that depends on high security inputs. High security code so identified is then refactored into a separate component, which may be accessed by the low security component via public method calls. A security policy that labels input data and checks the output points can then enforce the desired end-to-end security property. Controlled information releases can occur at explicit declassification points if deemed safe. The result is a well-engineered program with explicit interfaces between components of different security levels.
A portable communication system for video-on-demand applications using the existing infrastructure (2002)

Video on demand (VOD) systems are becoming popular. They have special requirements for receiving VOD data steadily, but common general communication protocols cannot meet their requirements. Several new protocols have been designed to fulfil this service requirement, but it takes a long time for a protocol to be supported from end to end. We propose a VOD communication system that is implemented as an user-level library on top of a common existing protocol. This protocol is easy to port, and the level of connectivity is almost the same as in the underlying existing protocol. We describe the important points related to its implementation, such as the low overhead of implementation and the flow control mechanism. We implemented a prototype system, measured its performance, and concluded that implementing a communication system as a user-level library enables us to implement a VOD portable communication system with a practical level of performance.
Microcirculatory Studies in Rat Mammary Carcinoma. I. Transparent Chamber Method, Development of Microvasculature, and Pressures in Tumor Vessels<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1980)

Fragments of a mammary adenocarcinoma were implanted into transparent tissue chambers in the dorsal skin flaps of female inbred F344 rats. A chamber modification permitted repeated access to the tissue without infection, vessel disruption, or impairment of tumor growth. Tumors completely filled the chambers after 26-30 days. Development of tumor microvasculature was characterized by increase in number, length, and diameter of vessels. These changes were much more pronounced in capillaries and venules than in arterioles. Direct blood pressure measurements were performed in microvessels throughout the tumor during the first 3 weeks of growth as well as in microvessels of tumor-free control preparations containing subcutaneous tissue. Average pressures in arterioles of 40- to 11-micron diameter were between 23.0 and 17.3 cm H2O in tumors versus 25.5 and 16.2 cm H2O in controls. Average pressures in venous capillaries, venules, and veins up to 150-micron diameter were between 9.1 and 8.1 cm H2O in tumors and between 13.4 and 11.0 cm H2O in controls.
Role of aromatic aldehyde synthase in wounding/herbivory response and flower scent production in different Arabidopsis ecotypes (2011)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases (AADCs) are key enzymes operating at the interface between primary and secondary metabolism. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains two genes, At2g20340 and At4g28680, encoding pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent AADCs with high homology to the recently identified Petunia hybrida phenylacetaldehyde synthase involved in floral scent production. The At4g28680 gene product was recently biochemically characterized as an L-tyrosine decarboxylase (AtTYDC), whereas the function of the other gene product remains unknown. The biochemical and functional characterization of the At2g20340 gene product revealed that it is an aromatic aldehyde synthase (AtAAS), which catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine to phenylacetaldehyde and dopaldehyde, respectively. AtAAS knock-down and transgenic AtAAS RNA interference (RNAi) lines show significant reduction in phenylacetaldehyde levels and an increase in phenylalanine, indicating that AtAAS is responsible for phenylacetaldehyde formation in planta. In A. thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0), AtAAS expression was highest in leaves, and was induced by methyl jasmonate treatment and wounding. Pieris rapae larvae feeding on Col-0 leaves resulted in increased phenylacetaldehyde emission, suggesting that the emitted aldehyde has a defensive activity against attacking herbivores. In the ecotypes Sei-0 and Di-G, which emit phenylacetaldehyde as a predominant flower volatile, the highest expression of AtAAS was found in flowers and RNAi AtAAS silencing led to a reduction of phenylacetaldehyde formation in this organ. In contrast to ecotype Col-0, no phenylacetaldehyde accumulation was observed in Sei-0 upon wounding, suggesting that AtAAS and subsequently phenylacetaldehyde contribute to pollinator attraction in this ecotype.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery (1984)

A randomized trial was performed to support the contention that prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of postoperative neurosurgical wound infections. The regime outlined by Malis was followed. Vancomycin and gentamicin were administered systemically just prior to surgery and streptomycin was added to the irrigating solution. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: control and treated. The infection rate in the control group was 3.5% and in the treated group 0.5%.
Field effectiveness and safety of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) against ticks and fleas: a European randomized, blinded, multicenter field study in naturally-infested client-owned cats (2018)

A single application of fluralaner plus moxidectin spot-on was well tolerated by cats and highly effective for 12 weeks against ticks and fleas. Fluralaner plus moxidectin was non-inferior to fipronil for the proportion of ectoparasite-free and consistently superior to fipronil in controlling fleas.
[Hormonal and metabolic causes of muscular weakness and the increased risk of fractures in elderly people]. (2005)

The increased risk of fractures in elderly people is due not only to a decrease in bone mass and bone quality but also to an increased risk of falling. The increased risk of falling is partly a consequence of muscular weakness caused by a decrease in both muscular mass and strength (sarcopenia), in which the hormonal changes that are typical of aging play a pivotal role, as well as of malnutrition, in particular a deficiency of protein, amino acids, calcium and vitamin D. Measures that limit the risk of falling and fractures due to muscular weakness consist mainly of adequate nutrition, extra calcium and vitamin D, reduction of the factors that increase the risk of falling, weight-bearing exercise to strengthen the muscles and the use of hip protectors. Hormonal suppletion has not yet been shown to have a favourable effect, whereas the disadvantages appear to be substantial.