gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypomethylation of c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma and fetal liver. (1985)

The methylation state of cellular oncogenes (c-oncs) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene from human liver tissues was examined by means of restriction endonuclease analysis. c-myc and EGF receptor gene from hepatocellular carcinoma and fetal liver were substantially hypomethylated in comparison with those genes from normal liver, while the extents of methylation of c-mos and c-Ki-ras genes were the same among these tissues. It can be speculated that the specific hypomethylation of c-myc and EGF receptor genes may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
On the Feasibility of Closed-Loop Control Of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping (1973)

A closed-loop control scheme for the control of intra-aortic balloon pumping has been developed and tested in dog experiments. A performance index reflecting the general objectives of balloon-assist pumping is developed and a modified steepest ascent control algorithm is utilized for the selection of a proper operating point for the balloon during its pumping cycle. This paper attempts to indicate the feasibility of closed-loop control of balloon pumping, and particularly its flexibility in achieving both diastolic augmentation of mean aortic pressure and control of the level of end-diastolic pressure (EDP)-an important factor in reducing heart work.
The Electronic and Steric Effects in Heterolytic Intramolecular Cyclisation Reactions (1982)

Data concerning the influence of the electronic and steric effects of substituents as well as the structure of the connecting units on the rate and equilibrium constants for cyclisation reactions, occurring as intramolecular nucleophilic addition to a trigonal carbon atom, are examined. The general characteristics permitting the prediction of the ease of ring closure and the stability of the heterocycles are specified. The bibliography includes 166 references.
Prevalence of heart disease in school children in rural Kenya using colour-flow echocardiography. (1996)

In a survey using colour-flow echocardiography and a portable generator, of one thousand one hundred fifteen children, three had clinical and echocardiographic evidence of rheumatic heart disease giving a prevalence rate of 27/1000. Sixty nine (6.2%) of the children examined had trivial mitral regurgitation (TMR). Of these, three had associated trivial aortic regurgitation. Isolated trivial aortic regurgitation was not seen. Four children had isolated mild-moderate regurgitation of the pulmonary valve. Congenital heart disease (CHD) was found in two children-one with secundum atrial septal defect and one with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis, giving a prevalence of 1.8/1000. One child had a bicuspid aortic valve and two persistent left superior vena cava. It is feasible to carry out an echocardiographic survey using a portable generator in schools where electricity is not available. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is higher than previously found in Kenya. The prevalence of TMR is surprisingly high. This was associated with familial clustering reminiscent of RHD. The importance of these findings must await the results of further investigation.
Benefit of pulsation in soft corals (2013)

Soft corals of the family Xeniidae exhibit a unique, rhythmic pulsation of their tentacles (Movie S1), first noted by Lamarck nearly 200 y ago. However, the adaptive benefit of this perpetual, energetically costly motion is poorly understood. Using in situ underwater particle image velocimetry, we found that the pulsation motions thrust water upward and enhance mixing across the coral-water boundary layer. The induced upward motion effectively prevents refiltration of water by neighboring polyps, while the intensification of mixing, together with the upward flow, greatly enhances the coral's photosynthesis. A series of controlled laboratory experiments with the common xeniid coral Heteroxenia fuscescens showed that the net photosynthesis rate during pulsation was up to an order of magnitude higher than during the coral's resting, nonpulsating state. This enhancement diminished when the concentration of oxygen in the ambient water was artificially raised, indicating that the enhancement of photosynthesis was due to a greater efflux of oxygen from the coral tissues. By lowering the internal oxygen concentration, pulsation alleviates the problem of reduced affinity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) to CO2 under conditions of high oxygen concentrations. The photosynthesis-respiration ratio of the pulsating H. fuscescens was markedly higher than the ratios reported for nonpulsating soft and stony corals. Although pulsation is commonly used for locomotion and filtration in marine mobile animals, its occurrence in sessile (bottom-attached) species is limited to members of the ancient phylum Cnidaria, where it is used to accelerate water and enhance physiological processes.
Intravascular forward-looking ultrasound transducers for microbubble-mediated sonothrombolysis (2017)

Effective removal or dissolution of large blood clots remains a challenge in clinical treatment of acute thrombo-occlusive diseases. Here we report the development of an intravascular microbubble-mediated sonothrombolysis device for improving thrombolytic rate and thus minimizing the required dose of thrombolytic drugs. We hypothesize that a sub-megahertz, forward-looking ultrasound transducer with an integrated microbubble injection tube is more advantageous for efficient thrombolysis by enhancing cavitation-induced microstreaming than the conventional high-frequency, side-looking, catheter-mounted transducers. We developed custom miniaturized transducers and demonstrated that these transducers are able to generate sufficient pressure to induce cavitation of lipid-shelled microbubble contrast agents. Our technology demonstrates a thrombolysis rate of 0.7 ± 0.15 percent mass loss/min in vitro without any use of thrombolytic drugs.
REFORM: Relevant Features for Malware Analysis (2012)

To address the problem of detecting obfuscatedmalware we propose a non-signature based method using machine learning techniques. Mnemonic n-grams from malware and benign samples are extracted. A subset of mnemonic n-gram features are extracted using feature selection methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance (mRMR). These methods select prominent features that can effectively discriminate malware and benign samples. Promising results with very small features and better accuracies as compared with previous work depict that the proposed method can be effectively used for identifying malicious files.
A wearable heart monitor at the ear using ballistocardiogram (BCG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) with a nanowatt ECG heartbeat detection circuit (2013)

This work presents a wearable heart monitor at the
ear that uses the ballistocardiogram (BCG) and the
electrocardiogram (ECG) to extract heart rate, stroke volume, and
pre-ejection period (PEP) for the application of continuous heart
monitoring. Being a natural anchoring point, the ear is
demonstrated as a viable location for the integrated sensing of
physiological signals. The source of periodic head movements is
identified as a type of BCG, which is measured using an
accelerometer. The head BCG's principal peaks (J-waves) are
synchronized to heartbeats. Ensemble averaging is used to obtain
consistent J-wave amplitudes, which are related to stroke volume.
The ECG is sensed locally near the ear using a single-lead
configuration. When the BCG and the ECG are used together, an
electromechanical duration called the RJ interval can be obtained.
Because both head BCG and ECG have low signal-to-noise ratios,
cross-correlation is used to statistically extract the RJ interval.
The ear-worn device is wirelessly connected to a computer for real
time data recording. A clinical test involving hemodynamic
maneuvers is performed on 13 subjects. The results demonstrate a
linear relationship between the J-wave amplitude and stroke volume,
and a linear relationship between the RJ interval and PEP. While
the clinical device uses commercial components, a custom integrated
circuit for ECG heartbeat detection is designed with the goal of
reducing power consumption and device size. With 58nW of power
consumption, the ECG circuit replaces the traditional
instrumentation amplifier, analog-to-digital converter, and signal
processor with a single chip solution. The circuit demonstrates a
topology that takes advantage of the ECG's characteristics to
extract R-wave timings at the chest and the ear in the presence of
baseline drift, muscle artifact, and signal
clipping.
Improved coronary vessel tracking using non-linear filter enhanced X-ray angiograms (2002)

Tracking of coronary vessel centerlines in angiograms is essential for accurate, automated quantitative vascular analysis of the coronary vessel tree. Such analyses are important for diagnosis of atherosclerosis, for surgical or treatment planning, for monitoring disease progress or remission, and for comparing efficacies of treatment. The authors have developed a tracking method that automatically identifies the centerline of each vessel after user indication of 2-3 points. The tracking is based on a modified sector search approach. The perimeters of the sectors centered on previously determined tracking points are searched for the pixel with maximum contrast. In angiographic images, the distinction between the vessel and the background can be difficult in regions with poor signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), especially for thin vessels. Standard edge enhancement algorithms can lead to artifacts such as edge overshoot and noise magnification. To improve the performance of the tracking technique, a non-linear adaptive filtering technique has been developed with which background structures are effectively removed while preserving the vessel information. Additional background removal is achieved using pixel connectivity and thresholding. The effect of the filtering on the tracking algorithm was investigated using several clinical angiographic images, The tracking technique successfully determined centerlines of 100% of the vessels after filtering, whereas without filtering only 12% of the vessels were successfully tracked.
Water Vapor Permeability and Solubility of Films from Hydrolyzed Whey Protein (2000)

ABSTRACT: The effects of whey protein hydrolysis on film water vapor permeability (WVP) and solubility at 3 plasticizer levels were studied. Little or no significant difference (p > 0.05) appeared for film WVP between unhydrolyzed whey protein isolate (WPI), 5.5% degree of hydrolysis (DH) WPI and 10% DH WPI films at comparable plasticizer contents. However, increase in glycerol (gly) content significantly increased film WVP. Thus, reduction in WPI molecular weight (MW) through hydrolysis may be a better approach to improving film flexibility than addition of plasticizer. Both 5.5% and 10% DH WPI had significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) film solubility compared to unhydrolyzed WPI. Soluble Protein (SP) and total soluble matter (TSM) of hydrolyzed WPI films were much higher than for unhydrolyzed WPI films.
Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of the Diclofenac Epolamine Topical Patch 1.3% (DETP) in Minor Soft Tissue Injury (2011)

The diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3% was designed to deliver analgesic concentrations of diclofenac to an underlying soft tissue injury site, while limiting systemic exposure to diclofenac. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the diclofenac epolamine topical patch for the treatment of acute pain due to minor soft tissue injury. Patients (18-65 years, inclusive) with clinically significant minor soft tissue injuries (mild or moderate sprain, strain, or contusion) incurred within 7 days of study entry and having pain scores ≥ 5 on a Visual Analog Scale of 0-10 were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive the diclofenac epolamine topical patch (n=207) or placebo patch (n=211) application twice daily for 14 days or until pain resolution. Patients recorded pain scores every 12 h at the time of patch removal using the Visual Analog Scale. Investigator-assessed global response to therapy was also evaluated. Safety data were collected throughout the study. Twice-daily treatment with diclofenac epolamine topical patch produced a statistically significant reduction in mean pain score relative to baseline by an additional 18.2% in the diclofenac epolamine topical patch group (0.435 ± 0.268) compared with the placebo group (0.532 ± 0.293) (p=0.002; overall) beginning after application of the second patch. Consistent with this treatment effect, median time to pain resolution was shortened by 2 days in the diclofenac epolamine topical patch group relative to the placebo group (p=0.007). These results were reinforced independently by investigators who reported treatment as good or excellent for 58% of diclofenac epolamine topical patch-treated patients compared with 49% in the placebo patch group (p=0.008). The most common adverse events were treatment site related (n=16, 7.9% diclofenac epolamine topical patch; n=12, 5.8% placebo patch). Most (80%) patients reported tolerability as excellent or good. In conclusion, the diclofenac epolamine topical patch provides effective, rapid pain relief for the treatment of acute pain from minor soft tissue injury and appears generally safe and well tolerated.
A Comparison of Common Interatomic Distances in Serotonin and Some Hallucinogenic Drugs (1973)

There exists a common triangular arrangement of atoms composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom of definite interatomic distances in the indole containing hallucino genie drugs. A similar intermolecular arrangement has been observed in the neurohumoral agent serotonin. This structural feature may be important in the binding of these drugs to the receptor site(s) involved in hallucinogenesis.
Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics in pregnancy and lactation (2015)

The existing evidence base is extensive in studying multiple outcomes of the antidepressant or anxiolytic exposure in neonates, and some of the findings appear conflicting. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most researched antidepressants in pregnancy and lactation. The available literature is criticized mostly on the lack of rigorous well designed controlled studies as well as lacunae in the methodologies, interpretation of statistical information, knowledge transfer, and translation of information. Research in this area in the Indian context is strikingly scarce. Appropriate risk-benefit analysis of untreated mental illness versus medication exposure, tailor-made to each patient's past response and preference within in the context of the available evidence should guide clinical decision making.
Synthesis of 8-hydroxycarbostyril. (1980)

8-Hydroxycarbostyril (4b), which is a starting material for the synthesis of procaterol, was synthesized by two new routes.
Malonyl-CoA and long chain acyl-CoA esters as metabolic coupling factors in nutrient-induced insulin secretion. (1992)

Several approaches were used to test the hypothesis proposing a role for acyl-CoA esters in nutrient-induced insulin release (Prentki, M., and Matschinsky, F. M. (1987) Physiol. Rev. 67, 1185-1248; Corkey, B. E., Glennon, M. C., Chen, K. S., Deeney, J. T., Matschinsky, F. M., and Prentki, M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 21608-21612). Exogenous saturated long chain fatty acids markedly potentiated glucose-induced insulin release and elevated long chain acyl-CoA esters in the clonal beta-cell line (HIT). The secretory action depended on the fatty acid chain length, occurred in the range 3-20 microM (free concentration of palmitate), and was reversible and inhibitable by the neuromodulator somatostatin. 2-Bromopalmitate, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I, suppressed the oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and promoted release of insulin. Only the nutrients or the combination of nutrients that caused secretion elevated malonyl-CoA. The short-chain acyl-CoA profile of HIT cells stimulated by various nutrients was determined in the presence of the nonstimulatory fuel glutamine. Glucose and leucine each provoked similar changes in acyl-CoA compounds. Both secretagogues elevated malonyl-CoA 3-6-fold, whereas succinyl-CoA, free CoASH, acetyl-CoA, and the free CoASH to acetyl-CoA ratio remained unaltered. Furthermore, only when inhibition of fatty acid oxidation was associated with a rise in malonyl-CoA did the total (mitochondrial plus cytoplasmic) content of long chain acyl-CoA esters correlate inversely with insulin release promoted by various nutrients. The results are consistent with the concept that fuel stimuli cause a rise in malonyl-CoA which by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation increase cytosolic long chain acyl-CoA esters. These data provide further support for a model in which malonyl-CoA and long chain acyl-CoAs esters serve as metabolic coupling factors when pancreatic beta-cells are stimulated with glucose and other nutrient secretagogues.
Generation of Na+ electrochemical potential by the Na+-motive NADH oxidase and Na+/H+ antiport system of a moderately halophilic Vibrio costicola. (1986)

Cells of Vibrio costicola at pH 8.5 generate both membrane potential (inside negative) and delta pH (inside acidic) in the presence of a proton conductor, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The generation of CCCP-resistant membrane potential was inhibited by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide that is known to inhibit the Na+-motive NADH oxidase of Vibrio alginolyticus. NADH oxidase, but not lactate oxidase, of inverted membrane vesicles prepared from V. costicola required Na+ for a maximum activity and was inhibited by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. By the oxidation of NADH, inverted membrane vesicles generated concentration gradients of Na+ across the membrane, whose magnitude was always larger than that of delta pH by about 50 mV. In contrast, magnitudes of delta pH and Na+ concentration gradients generated by the oxidation of lactate were similar. Na+ translocation in the presence of lactate was inhibited by CCCP but little affected by valinomycin. On the other hand, Na+ translocation in the presence of NADH was resistant to CCCP and stimulated by valinomycin. Amiloride, an inhibitor for a eucaryotic Na+/H+ antiport system, inhibited the lactate-dependent Na+ translocation but had little effect on the NADH-dependent Na+ translocation. These results indicate that a primary event of lactate oxidation is the translocation of H+, which then causes the generation of Na+ concentration gradients via the secondary Na+/H+ antiport system. We conclude that the NADH oxidase of V. costicola translocates Na+ as an immediate result of respiration, leading to the generation of Na+ electrochemical potential.
The residential trip! (2012)

Verity White offers some advice on planning a longer school trip, recommends some locations and reveals why residentials are her favourite part of the school year.
Dual-Phase Steels (1990)

Abstract Dual-phase steels are a new class of high-strength low alloy (HSLA) steels characterized by a microstructure consisting of about 20% hard martensite particles dispersed in a soft ductile ferrite matrix. In addition to high tensile strength, in the range of 550 MPa (80 ksi), dual-phase steels exhibit continuous yielding behavior, a low 0.2% offset yield strength, and a higher total elongation than other HSLA steels of similar strength. The article discusses some of the more pertinent aspects of dual-phase steels, such as heat treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties, chemical composition, and manufacturability. In general, these steels have a carbon content of less than 0.1%, which ensures that they can be spot welded. However, newer high-carbon dual-phase steels in development are generating interest due to their unique combination of total elongation and tensile strength.
A scintillating plastic fiber array and multiplexer based 384-channel fast neutron spectrometer (2017)

A fast neutron detection system based on a scintillating plastic fiber array and multiplexer was designed to measure the spectrum of fast neutrons ranged 10 MeV-100 MeV. With the method of nuclear recoil, the energy of incident neutron was determined by measuring the recoil proton track and deposited energy in scintillating plastic fibers. The detection system was composed of a scintillating plastic fiber array, 6 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and a high-density readout electronics based on the multiplexer. The scintillating plastic fiber array was made as a staggered structure with two kinds of fibers in different sizes (0.5 mm-square fiber and 3 mm-square fiber). The structure provided a wider detection energy range and better detection efficiency than arrays made with uniform plastic fibers. A dedicated digital electronics system was well designed to control the whole readout system to provide 384-channel signal processing. The detector had a 48 mm × 48 mm effective detection area and a mechanical size of 34 cm × 34 cm × 27 cm. In the simulation of the detector model performance, the system gave an energy resolution of 23%-35% for neutrons ranged 10 MeV-100 MeV. Experimental results showed that the detector had a good energy linearity and energy resolutions were, respectively, 35.82% at 14.817 MeV, 36.84% at 21.264 MeV, 35.90% at 23.069 MeV, and 32.90% at 24.220 MeV. The optimized prototype model had potential in increasing fast neutron detection performance.
Comparative Study on HPLC-FPS of Chinese Red Ginseng and Korean Ginseng (2001)

Objective: To study comparatively the HPLC FPS of Chinese Red Ginseng and Korean Ginseng in the same group. Methods: The HPLC FPS of samples of Red Ginseng were established. Results: The chromatographic overlap rate of them was over 65%, even though the overlap rate of 3 samples of korean Ginseng was only 63%～66%. The relative area resultant of 8 samples was over 55%. Conclusion: The qualities of analyzed samples are similar and the HPLC FPS can provide the useful formation for the quality estimation of Radix Ginseng.
Transepithelial resistance can be regulated by the intestinal brush-border Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>exchanger NHE3 (2000)

Initiation of intestinal Na(+)-glucose cotransport results in transient cell swelling and sustained increases in tight junction permeability. Since Na(+)/H(+) exchange has been implicated in volume regulation after physiological cell swelling, we hypothesized that Na(+)/H(+) exchange might also be required for Na(+)-glucose cotransport-dependent tight junction regulation. In Caco-2 monolayers with active Na(+)-glucose cotransport, inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange with 200 microM 5-(N,N-dimethyl)- amiloride induced 36 +/- 2% increases in transepithelial resistance (TER). Evaluation using multiple Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitors showed that inhibition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) isoform was most closely related to TER increases. TER increases due to NHE3 inhibition were related to cytoplasmic acidification because cytoplasmic alkalinization with 5 mM NH(4)Cl prevented both cytoplasmic acidification and TER increases. However, NHE3 inhibition did not affect TER when Na(+)-glucose cotransport was inhibited. Myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) phosphorylation decreased up to 43 +/- 5% after inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange, similar to previous studies that associate decreased MLC phosphorylation with increased TER after inhibition of Na(+)-glucose cotransport. However, NHE3 inhibitors did not diminish Na(+)-glucose cotransport. These data demonstrate that inhibition of NHE3 results in decreased MLC phosphorylation and increased TER and suggest that NHE3 may participate in the signaling pathway of Na(+)-glucose cotransport-dependent tight junction regulation.