gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Is Activated Through the Pleiotrophin/Receptor Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase β/ζ Signaling Pathway (2007)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) first discovered as the constitutively active nucleophosmin-ALK oncoprotein in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Full-length ALK has a critical role in normal development and differentiation. Activated full-length ALK also is found in different malignant cancers. Nevertheless, the ligand to activate ALK remained unknown until recently, when ALK was proposed to be the physiological receptor of the cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN, Ptn). However, earlier studies had demonstrated that receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) beta/zeta is a physiological PTN receptor. We now demonstrate that phosphorylation of ALK in PTN-stimulated cells is mediated through the PTN/RPTPbeta/zeta signaling pathway. ALK is phosphorylated independently of a direct interaction of PTN with ALK. The data thus support a unique model of ALK activation. In cells not stimulated by PTN, RPTPbeta/zeta dephosphorylates ALK at the site(s) in ALK that is undergoing autophosphorylation through autoactivation. In contrast, when RPTPbeta/zeta is inactivated in PTN-stimulated cells, the sites that are autophosphorylated in ALK no longer can be dephosphorylated by RPTPbeta/zeta; thus, autoactivation and tyrosine phosphorylation of ALK rapidly increase. The data indicate that the PTN/RPTPbeta/zeta signaling pathway is a critical regulator of the steady state levels of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of ALK; the data support the conclusion that ALK phosphorylation and activation in PTN-stimulated cells are increased through a unique "alternative mechanism of RTK activation."
Therapeutic and Clinical Applications of Nitroxide Compounds (2007)

Nitroxide compounds have been used for many years as biophysical tools, but only during the past 15-20 years have the many interesting biochemical interactions been discovered and harnessed for therapeutic applications. By modifying oxidative stress and altering the redox status of tissues, nitroxides have the ability to interact with and alter many metabolic processes. This interaction can be exploited for therapeutic and research use, including protection against ionizing radiation, as probes in functional magnetic resonance imaging, cancer prevention and treatment, control of hypertension and weight, and protection from damage resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Although much remains to be done, many applications have been well studied, and some are presently being tested in clinical trials. The therapeutic and research uses of nitroxides are reviewed here, with a focus on the progress from initial development to modern, state-of-the art trials.
Combining Antigen-Based Therapy with GABA Treatment Synergistically Prolongs Survival of Transplanted ß-Cells in Diabetic NOD Mice (2011)

Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) very effectively prevent the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) when given to young nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, however, they have little or no ability to reverse hyperglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice. More importantly, ABTs have not yet demonstrated an ability to effectively preserve residual ß-cells in individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Accordingly, there is great interest in identifying new treatments that can be combined with ABTs to safely protect ß-cells in diabetic animals. The activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABA-Rs) on immune cells has been shown to prevent T1D, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and rheumatoid arthritis in mouse models. Based on GABA's ability to inhibit different autoimmune diseases and its safety profile, we tested whether the combination of ABT with GABA treatment could prolong the survival of transplanted ß-cells in newly diabetic NOD mice. Newly diabetic NOD mice were untreated, or given GAD/alum (20 or 100 µg) and placed on plain drinking water, or water containing GABA (2 or 6 mg/ml). Twenty-eight days later, they received syngenic pancreas grafts and were monitored for the recurrence of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia reoccurred in the recipients given plain water, GAD monotherapy, GABA monotherapy, GAD (20 µg)+GABA (2 mg/ml), GAD (20 µg)+GABA (6 mg/ml) and GAD (100 µg)+GABA (6 mg/ml) about 1, 2-3, 3, 2-3, 3-8 and 10-11 weeks post-transplantation, respectively. Thus, combined GABA and ABT treatment had a synergistic effect in a dose-dependent fashion. These findings suggest that co-treatment with GABA (or other GABA-R agonists) may provide a new strategy to safely enhance the efficacy of other therapeutics designed to prevent or reverse T1D, as well as other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Accurate registration of various medical imaging modalities: an application to PET and MRI for anatomical localization and kinetic modelling (2002)

In order to help in analyzing PET data and to take advantage of their metabolic content, a system was designed and implemented to align and process data from various medical imaging modalities, particularly (but not only) for brain studies. Although this system is most frequently used for anatomical localization, multimodality ROIs, and pharmaco-kinetic modeling, more multimodality protocols will be implemented in the future. They will be used not only to help in PET reconstruction data correction, and semiautomated ROI definition, but also to help improve diagnostic accuracy along with surgery and therapy planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pilot clinical trial of 5-[{sup 125}I] iodo-2{prime}-deoxyuridine in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastic to the liver (1996)

The thymidine analog, 5-iodo-2{prime}-deoxyuridine (IUdR), is incorporated in the DNA of cell sin the S phase. When incorporated in the DNA, short-range Auger electrons emitted by {sup 125}I-labeled IUdR can cause double-strand breaks, delivering a lethal radiation dose to the cell. We conducted therapeutic trial to evaluate [{sup 125}I/{sup 131}I]IUdR pharmacokinetics in liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Dosimetry, safety, and therapeutic potential were assessed. Four patients were each infused with 5 mCi [{sup 125}I]IUdR and 10 mCi [{sup 131}I]IUdR through the sideport of a hepatic artery pump. Iodine-131 images were quantitated and used for pharmacokinetic studies. The radioactivity in the DNA of biopsy samples of tumor, normal liver and bone marrow, obtained 24 or 48 hr after injection, was counted. All patients had [{sup 125}I]IUdR and [{sup 131}I]IUdR uptake in tumor, with a biexponential clearance. Repeat injections in individual patients showed little variation in tumor uptake, especially in the slow clearance component. On planar images, no long-term retention was seen in bone marrow or other activity dividing normal tissues. Radioactivity in the DNA of one marrow sample taken at 24 hr was above background, but in another taken at 48 hr it was equal to background levels. No side effectsmore » were noted, no hematologic toxicity was observed in any patients and no tumor responses were seen. There is persisten uptake of [{sup 125}I]IUdR in hepatic tumors, thereby making hepatic artery infusion a suitable mode of delivery for therapy. Repeat injections will be needed because only 15%-50% of tumor cells are in the S phase. Based on results from this pilot study, a therapeutic regimen is being planned. 43 refs. 2 figs.« less
Study of ISO 14229-1 and ISO 15765-3 and implementation in EMS ECU for EEPROM for UDS application (2014)

The diagnostic tester is presented here to read out the contents of external EEPROM of an EMS ECU. The tester and the EMS ECU are built with Unified Diagnostic Service (UDS) on Controller Area Network (CAN) as per ISO 14229-1 and ISO 15765-3. When the tester requests the UDS on CAN bus, the ECU invokes the respective routines. The micro-controller of ECU uses Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol to read out the contents of EEPROM. The ECU stores the contents read from external EEPROM into a buffer and that will be transmitted on CAN bus as response to the tester request. In this paper, the work flow and the algorithms are provided as, how the tester requests the UDS commands on CAN bus and how the EMS ECU interprets this command to get the contents of EEPROM for the tester, as per ISO 14229-1 and ISO 15765-3.
Quantitative determination of bacosides by UV-spectrophotometry. (1992)

Spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of total Bacosides as Bacoside-A (the active constituent) - a mental retention capacity enhancer is reported.
New seismic attributes for automated stratigraphic facies boundary detection (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998New seismic attributes for automated stratigraphic facies boundary detectionAuthors: Trygve RandeBenoit ReymondHans Ivar SjulstadLars SønnelandTrygve RandeSchlumberger Geco‐Prakla, Stavanger, Norway, Benoit ReymondSchlumberger Geco‐Prakla, Stavanger, Norway, Hans Ivar SjulstadNorwegian Petroleum Directorate, Stavanger, Norway, and Lars SønnelandSchlumberger Geco‐Prakla, Stavanger, Norwayhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820523 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820523FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByGeometric attributes for seismic stratigraphic interpretationThe Leading Edge, Vol. 29, No. 9Data mining for large scale 3D seismic data analysis15 November 2007 | Machine Vision and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 1Attributes for automating seismic facies analysisArthur E. Barnes4 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Trygve Rande, Benoit Reymond, Hans Ivar Sjulstad, and Lars Sønneland, (1998), "New seismic attributes for automated stratigraphic facies boundary detection," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 628-631. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820523 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Layered "Recognition Cone" Networks That Preprocess, Classify, and Describe (1972)

This note gives a brief overview of six types of pattern recognition programs that: 1) preprocess, then characterize; 2) preprocess and characterize together; 3) preprocess and characterize into a "recognition cone;" 4) describe as well as name; 5) compose interrelated descriptions; and 6) converse.
<i>L</i>-Histidinol Attenuates Fanconi Syndrome Induced by Ifosfamide in Rats (1999)

The effect of L-histidinol (LHL), a structural analogue of the essential amino acid L-histidine, on ifosfamide (IFO) induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in the rat. The aim of this study was to assess whether oral supplementation of LHL could attenuate Fanconi syndrome (FS) induced by IFO. Male Wistar albino rats received daily injections of IFO (50 mg/kg) for 5 days with or without oral supplementation of 0.5% LHL in the drinking water. LHL was supplemented for 3 days before IFO administration and daily thereafter. Control rats were injected with saline with or without oral LHL. The results demonstrated that IFO induces a FS characterized by wasting of glucose, electrolytes, and organic acids, along with elevated serum creatinine and urea levels and decreased creatinine clearance. IFO-induced FS was associated with significant renal nonprotein sulfhydryl depletion and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) accumulation. LHL strongly ameliorated the severity of renal dysfunction induced by IFO, with significant decreases in total and fractional excretions of Na(+), K(+), PO(4)(3-), and glucose. Also, LHL significantly decreased the elevated serum creatinine and urea levels and significantly increased the creatinine clearance. Moreover, the beneficial effects of LHL were associated with a significant improvement of IFO-induced nonprotein sufhydry depletion and lipid peroxide accumulation. These results demonstrate that oral supplementation of LHL can partially protect against IFO-induced FS in rats.
Evaluation of Harmonic Variability in Electrical Power Systems through Statistical Control of Quality and Functional Data Analysis (2013)

The presence of harmonics in power systems and their problems and impact on quality of electricity supply is increasing due to the increase in society's use of the nonlinear loads that generate them, especially the electronic kind. Classic techniques such as Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Process Capability Analysis (PCA) that form the Statistical Quality Control, can be used to identify outliers or special causes of variability, and proceed with the implementation of actions allowing corrective disposal, provided that the harmonics are normally distributed. In the event that the distribution is unknown novel tools such as Functional Data Analysis (FDA), have been used successfully in this communication to study these phenomena in situations where the classic quality control cannot.
Hybrid image coding scheme in incorporating human visual system characteristics (1991)

In this paper, a hybrid image coding scheme combining the advantages of both classified vector quantization (CVQ) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed. An image vector is classified according to its content activity. Vectors of low activity (shade vectors) are coded using CVQ. For vectors of high activity (edge vectors), DCT is used. To enhance the visual quality of the decoded image, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the human visual system (HVS) model is incorporated into the DCT coding algorithm. Simulation results showed that the proposed approach allowed good subjective image quality to be obtained at relatively low bit rates. The improvement in quality is even more pronounced at low bit rates, if this
Geopolymers and Related Alkali-Activated Materials (2014)

The development of new, sustainable, low-CO 2 construction materials is essential if the global construction industry is to reduce the environmental footprint of its activities, which is incurred particularly through the production of Portland cement. One type of non-Portland cement that is attracting particular attention is based on alkali-aluminosilicate chemistry, including the class of binders that have become known as geopolymers. These materials offer technical properties comparable to those of Portland cement, but with a much lower CO 2 footprint and with the potential for performance advantages over traditional cements in certain niche applications. This review discusses the synthesis of alkali-activated binders from blast furnace slag, calcined clay (metakaolin), and fly ash, including analysis of the chemical reaction mechanisms and binder phase assemblages that control the early-age and hardened properties of these materials, in particular initial setting and long-term durability. Perspectives for future research developments are also explored.
Quantitative detection of tiny amounts of helium isotopes in a hydrogen isotope atmosphere using a standard-resolution quadrupole mass spectrometer (2007)

This article describes a new method to quantitatively detect extremely small amounts of helium (and eventually other inert gases) in complex gaseous mixtures, even in the presence of very high concentrations of hydrogen isotopes, despite using a conventional (i.e., standard-resolution) quadrupole mass spectrometer. This is accomplished by means of two nonevaporable getter (NEG) pumps, which effectively remove all active components in the original gas mixture with particular regard to hydrogen isotopes. Obviously, noble gases are preserved. The gas sample to be analyzed is initially admitted in a first chamber equipped with a NEG pump operating at high temperature (≈450°C), in order to remove most of the active gases quickly. The residual gas mixture is then allowed to expand through a gate valve into the analysis chamber, where a second NEG pump, operating at room temperature, completes the selective pumping action and removes to high degree hydrogen isotopes and other chemically active gases. The turbomolecular pump, which is used to evacuate the chamber, is excluded during the analysis. The results of extensive tests carried out with a fully automated facility built at ENEA Frascati are reported, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method which allows detection of He4∕D2 peak ratios as small as ≈2.5×10−7. During these tests, a quadrupole mass spectrometer which can operate in both standard- and high-resolution modes has been used. This latter operating mode has been selected, when necessary, in order to provide evidence for the absence of deuterium contributions to mass 4.
ThreadPoolComposer - An Open-Source FPGA Toolchain for Software Developers (2015)

This extended abstract presents ThreadPoolComposer, a high-level synthesis-based development framework and meta-toolchain that provides a uniform programming interface for FPGAs portable across multiple platforms.
Covalent chemistry on graphene (2013)

The recent growth in graphene has witnessed the utilization of graphene as promising materials in a plethora of applications. The potential of graphene could be improved exponentially provided that the processability and band gap could be finely controlled. To this aim, chemical functionalization of graphene remains an important and fundamental approach. This tutorial review aims to provide a broad-based coverage on the recent solution-based functionalization methods of graphene in a concise and mechanistic manner. We focus on the reactions of the graphene sp(2) backbone, such as nucleophilic addition, cycloaddition, free radical additions, substitutions and rearrangements.
The equine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gp21/22a, the herpes simplex virus type 1 gM homolog, is involved in virus penetration and cell-to-cell spread of virions (1996)

Experiments to analyze the function of the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein gM homolog were conducted. To this end, an Rk13 cell line (TCgM) that stably expressed EHV-1 gM was constructed. Proteins with apparent M(r)s of 46,000 to 48,000 and 50,000 to 55,000 were detected in TCgM cells with specific anti-gM antibodies, and the gM protein pattern was indistinguishable from that in cells infected with EHV-1 strain RacL11. A viral mutant (L11deltagM) bearing an Escherichia coli lacZ gene inserted into the EHV-1 strain RacL11 gM gene (open reading frame 52) was purified, and cells infected with L11deltagM did not contain detectable gM. L11deltagM exhibited approximately 100-fold lower titers and a more than 2-fold reduction in plaque size relative to wild-type EHV-1 when grown and titrated on noncomplementing cells. Viral titers were reduced only 10-fold when L11deltagM was grown on the complementing cell line TCgM and titrated on noncomplementing cells. L11deltagM also exhibited slower penetration kinetics compared with those of the parental EHV-1 RacL11. It is concluded that EHV-1 gM plays important roles in the penetration of virus into the target cell and in spread of EHV-1 from cell to cell.
Self‐Coexistence and Security in Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

This chapter discusses a specific class of denial - of - service (DoS) attacks in cognitive radio networks known as the primary user emulation (PUE) attack. It also focus on the issue of self-coexistence among multiple good overlapping and competing cognitive radio (CR) networks in a geographical region. The chapter discusses the approaches to investigate the novel self-coexistence and primary user emulation attack issues for enhanced medium access control (MAC) as revision of the initial cognitive radio standard conception and definition. It then conducts simulation experiments to evaluate the improvements achieved by the proposed strategies. Source code for the experiment has been written in C under Linux environment. Controlled Vocabulary Terms cognitive radio; Linux
Is Capnometry the Optimum Method for Assessing the Adequacy of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Seal? (2006)

In Response: We thank Dr. Sosis for his comments (1) concerning the measurements of CO2 through the nares. CO2 readings through the nares could be obtained only when the mouth was closed. We must again emphasize, as detailed in the manuscript (2), that in order to receive an accurate CO2 reading in the range of 0 to 5 mm Hg, the capnograph routinely used an algorithm to detect if end-tidal CO2 should be disabled so that direct measurements are displayed. Regarding the clinically determined cuff pressure, the pressure was continuously displayed on the screen while the anesthesiologist attempted to set the optimal cuff pressure. Although the use of the “standard” technique was not blinded, in 72% of the patients, the primary endotracheal tube cuff pressures were significantly higher than the optimal cuff pressure determined by CO2 readings, with a mean difference of 10.2 mm Hg. An accurate primary cuff pressure was achieved by the anesthesiologists only in 15% of the patients. This was a primary study to establish a new objective method for optimizing endotracheal tube cuff pressure. Clinical end-points (e.g., postoperative sore throat, aspiration, mucosal edema, mucosal ulceration, or ventilation-associated pneumonia) were beyond the scope of this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether using CO2 leakage to set cuff pressure prevents complications from inappropriate cuff pressure in patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Shai Efrati, MD Department of Medicine A Assaf Harofeh Medical Center Zerifin, Israel [email protected]
Some Properties of the Oxides of Vanadium and Their Compounds (1955)

Vanadium tetroxide and vanadium pentoxide were prepared and some of their physical properties were measured. A brief survey was then made of some of their binary oxide compounds. Various mixtures of V 2 O 4 or V 2 O 6 and BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , CeO 2 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 6 , and U 3 O 8 were heated. When compounds were formed, some of their properties were determined. Refractoriness, thermal expansion, and optical properties were considered of special interest. Vanadium pentoxide was found to have a linear thermal expansion of only 0.63 × 10 −6 per °C. from 30° to 450°C.
The Importance of Cross‐Linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Actual, Perceived, and Assumed Similarities Types of Cross-Linguistic Similarity Relationships Item Transfer and System Transfer in Comprehension, Learning, and Production Implications for Teaching References Further Reading
Quantitative assessment of intra-vascular volume in human Achilles tendinopathy (2011)

This study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of neo-vascularization using 3D power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) in Achilles tendinopathy. A 53-year-old male with chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy was investigated. Quantitative assessment was performed over a twenty four day period. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score were compared with the 3D PDU findings. The overall volume of the neo-vascularization dropped from 463 mm(3) to 117 mm(3) at the final scan. This coincided with considerable improvement in both VAS and VISA-A scores, from 8 to 0 and 2 to 92 respectively.