gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking the Circles of Uncertainty (2002)

AbstractThis text asks if the notion of an avant-garde in art is viable today. It does this firstly with reference to recent (post-1967) theoretical and critical writing on avant-gardes in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and secondly, more indirectly, via questions in radical philosophy on the possibilities for radical social change. Perhaps to expect radical change today, or to foresee contemporary art as contributing to it, is forlorn, like waiting for Godot. Perhaps Beckett's violent gesture at the end of Waiting for Godot, when the characters walk on the spot, is as much as can be said, which is almost to refuse to say anything. And yet, while there is contemporary art, even at the margins, which engages on issues of social and environmental justice, and sees these as integral to each other, the effort to recover something of the hope once expressed by Courbet that art can change the world may yet be worthwhile.
Detection of residual hepatitis C virus RNA by transcription-mediated amplification in patients with complete virologic response according to polymerase chain reaction-based assays (2000)

A considerable proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C who achieve a virologic end-of-treatment response relapse after discontinuation of therapy. It is conceivable that polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays with a lower detection limit of 100 to 1, 000 hepatitic C virus (HCV) RNA copies/mL are still too insensitive to detect residual viremia. End-of-treatment serum samples of 47 patients with a virologic relapse according to results of qualitative PCR assays (Amplicor HCV; Roche Molecular Systems, Mannheim, Germany) were tested by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), an isothermal, autocatalytic target amplification method that has the potential to detect less than 50 HCV RNA copies/mL. Virologic sustained responders (n = 59) and nonresponders (n = 49) served as controls. In end-of-treatment serum samples of virologic sustained responders and nonresponders an almost complete concordance between PCR and TMA results was observed (98%). However, HCV RNA was detectable by TMA in end-of-treatment serum samples from 16 of 25 relapse patients (64%) who were HCV-RNA-negative according to Amplicor HCV version 1.0 (lower detection limit 1,000 copies/mL) and in 8 of 22 patients (36%) who were HCV-RNA-negative according to Amplicor HCV version 2.0 (lower detection limit 100 copies/mL). End-of-treatment alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of sustained virologic responders and TMA-negative relapsers were similar, whereas a trend toward higher ALT values was observed in TMA-positive relapsers compared with sustained virologic responders (P = 0.09). In conclusion, HCV RNA can be detected at the end of treatment by TMA in a considerable proportion of patients who were classified as virologic end-of-treatment responders with a subsequent virologic relapse according to PCR-based methods.
Van der Waals forces in oil—water systems from the study of thin lipid films - II. The dependence of the van der Waals free energy of thinning on film composition and structure (1975)

Abstract The van der Waals contribution to the free energy of thinning of lipid films has been determined for a variety of lipids, solvents and polar phases, and Hamaker coefficients have been calculated from this free energy, using the equation for a simple three layer (water–hydrocarbon–water) model. The results confirm and extend the findings presented in part I (Requena, Billett & Haydon 1975) i. e. that, for systems of comparable composition, the Hamaker coefficient approaches a constant value as the film thickness increases but that, towards smaller thicknesses, the coeffi­cient tends to rise rapidly. This latter observation is not readily accounted for in terms of the three layer structure, and experiments have been carried out in order to pinpoint the shortcomings of the model. Inter­action between the layers of lipid polar groups is shown to have been justifiably neglected, but it is inferred that small variations across the films of the dielectric permeability of the hydrocarbon may play a con­siderable part in determining the Hamaker coefficient.
Subjective Performance Measures in Optimal Incentive Contracts (1993)

Objective measures of performance are seldom perfect. In response, incentive contracts often include important subjective components that mitigate incentive distortions caused by imperfect objective measures. This paper explores the combined use of subjective and objective performance measures in (respectively) implicit and explicit incentive contracts. Naturally, objective and subjective measures often are substitutes, sometimes strikingly so: we show that if objective measures are sufficiently close to perfect then no implicit contracts are feasible (because the firm's fallback position after reneging on an implicit contact is too attractive). We also show, however, that objective and subjective measures can reinforce each other: if objective measures become more accurate then in some circumstances the optimal contract puts more weight on subjective measures (because the improved objective measures increase the value of the ongoing relationship, and so reduce the firm's incentive to renege). We also analyze the use of subjective weights on objective performance measures, and provide case-study evidence consistent with our analyses.
Ejection Fraction Classification in Transthoracic Echocardiography Using a Deep Learning Approach (2018)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. These diseases are related with a broad range of factors but usually show high correlation with diminished left ventricle function, which can be evaluated by measuring the ventricular ejection fraction through transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), a cost-effective and highly portable first-line diagnosing technique. Ejection fraction (EF) is currently determined through a semi-automatic process that requires manual delineation of the left ventricle area both in a diastolic and systolic frame of the patient's exam. To remove this manual annotation step, which is both time-consuming and user dependent, automatic Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems can be used. Herein, we propose the first steps for such a system that classifies ejection fraction in four classes, based on TTE exams, with the objective of automatically providing valuable information to physicians. Our classification method is based on a 3D-Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN) trained on a dataset constructed with exams from a cardiology reference center. The dataset creation consisted of three main steps: firstly, for each exam, cine-loops showing the apical 4 chambers view were manually selected; then, 30 sequential frames were extracted from each cine-loop; finally, each frame was pre-processed to mask burned-in metadata. The neural network was designed to explore concepts such as convolutions using asymmetric filters and residual learning blocks. The model was trained on a dataset with 4000 TTE exams and tested on a separate dataset containing 1600 TTE cases. We obtained an accuracy of 78% and a F1 score of 71.3% for unhealthy EF (below 45%), 63.3% for intermediate EF (45-55%), 72.3% for healthy EF (55-75%) and 54.6% for abnormally high EF (above 75%). These results are promising and show that convolutional neural networks can be applied to this domain. Furthermore, this work will serve as a foundation for future research where other relevant cardiac metrics will be determined.
J. H. Emerton (1932)

as a boy, he attended the local school. He was rather frail and a young helper in his father's drug store, George F. Markoe, interested the boy in outdoor life. They collected plants, insects and shore invertebrates
Inhibitors of porcine pancreatic elastase. Peptides incorporating α-aza-amino acid residues in the P<sub>1</sub>position (1986)

Inhibitors of porcine pancreatic elastase based on one of the repeating peptide sequences (Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Ala) present in elastin have been prepared. Most of these contain an α-aza-amino acid benzyl ester group at the C-terminus and an N-[(1-methoxycarbonylalkyl)carbamoyl]- or an N-[(1-carboxyalkyl)-carbamoyl]-group at the N-terminus. The most potent analogue of the series, N-[(1-carboxyethyl)-carbamoyl]-valylglycyl-α-aza-alanine benzyl ester (53) was ca. 60-fold more potent than one of the azapeptide inhibitors of elastase (Ac-Ala-Ala-Azala-ONp) reported earlier.
Life's Complexity Pyramid (2002)

Socioconnectomics: Connectomics Should Be Extended to Societies to Better Understand Evolutionary Processes,
Regulation of type 1 fimbriae synthesis and biofilm formation by the transcriptional regulator LrhA of Escherichia coli (2005)

Type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli facilitate attachment to the host mucosa and promote biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The transcriptional regulator LrhA, which is known as a repressor of flagellar, motility and chemotaxis genes, regulates biofilm formation and expression of type 1 fimbriae. Whole-genome expression profiling revealed that inactivation of lrhA results in an increased expression of structural components of type 1 fimbriae. In vitro, LrhA bound to the promoter regions of the two fim recombinases (FimB and FimE) that catalyse the inversion of the fimA promoter, and to the invertible element itself. Translational lacZ fusions with these genes and quantification of fimE transcript levels by real-time PCR showed that LrhA influences type 1 fimbrial phase variation, primarily via activation of FimE, which is required for the ON-to-OFF transition of the fim switch. Enhanced type 1 fimbrial expression as a result of lrhA disruption was confirmed by mannose-sensitive agglutination of yeast cells. Biofilm formation was stimulated by lrhA inactivation and completely suppressed upon LrhA overproduction. The effects of LrhA on biofilm formation were exerted via the changed levels of surface molecules, most probably both flagella and type 1 fimbriae. Together, the data show a role for LrhA as a repressor of type 1 fimbrial expression, and thus as a regulator of the initial stages of biofilm development and, presumably, bacterial adherence to epithelial host cells also.
Estimation of the mouth features using deformable templates (2002)

Automatic estimation of mouth features is one of the important topics for face recognition and model-based coding of videophone sequences. An automatic mouth feature estimation algorithm which uses deformable templates is developed. Here, the mouth features are represented by the corner points of the mouth as well as the so called lip outline parameters. The lip outline parameters describe the opening of the mouth and the thickness of the lips. Compared to previous works, simplified cost functions are introduced. Furthermore, an algorithm for automatic determination of whether the mouth is open or closed is developed. Experimental results obtained with typical videophone sequence are given to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. It is shown that in about 37% of the images the mouth features could be automatically estimated, which can be used e.g. for improving face modelling in a model-based coder.
Wind plant power optimization through yaw control using a parametric model for wake effects-a CFD simulation study (2014)

This article presents a wind plant control strategy that optimizes the yaw settings of wind turbines for improved energy production of the whole wind plant by taking into account wake effects. The optimization controller is based on a novel internal parametric model for wake effects, called the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state (FLORIS) model. The FLORIS model predicts the steady-state wake locations and the effective flow velocities at each turbine, and the resulting turbine electrical energy production levels, as a function of the axial induction and the yaw angle of the different rotors. The FLORIS model has a limited number of parameters that are estimated based on turbine electrical power production data. In high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations of a small wind plant, we demonstrate that the optimization control based on the FLORIS model increases the energy production of the wind plant, with a reduction of loads on the turbines as an additional effect.
Optimal feed-forward compensation for PWM DC/DC converters (2002)

An analytical procedure for optimizing the feedforward compensation for any PWM (pulse width modulation) DC-DC converter is described. The aim of achieving zero DC audio-susceptibility was found to be possible for the buck, buck-boost, Cuk, and SEPIC cells; for the boost converter, however, only nonoptimal compensation is feasible. Rules for the design of PWM controllers and procedures for the evaluation of the hardware-introduced errors are given. A PWM controller implementing the optimal feedforward compensation for buck-boost, CUK, and SEPIC cells is described and experimentally characterized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Therapeutic Efficacy of “Nubiotics” against Burn Wound Infection by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2004)

"Nubiotics" are a novel class of proprietary protonated nucleic acid-based drugs shown to have potent in vitro antibacterial activities against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These nubiotics are evaluated here for their in vivo therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of burn wound infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To achieve this, a burn wound infection model was established in mice by using a highly pathogenic burn wound clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. Lethal doses of the bacteria were determined for two routes of infection (subcutaneous and topical), representing systemic and local forms of infection, respectively. Using this infection model, treatment with nubiotics by various routes of drug administration was evaluated and optimized. A total of 12 nubiotics and their analogues were tested and of these, Nu-2, -3, -4, and -5 were found to be extremely efficacious in the postexposure treatment of burn wound infection (60 to 100% survival rates versus 0% for untreated control [P < 0.05]). These nubiotics were effective when given either systemically by intravenous and/or subcutaneous administration or given locally to the affected site in the skin by topical application. Treatment by these two routes resulted in almost 100% survival rates and complete eradication of the bacteria from infection sites in the livers, spleens, and blood. These nubiotics were found to be as effective as intravenously administered ciprofloxacin, a potent and broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. These results suggest that nubiotics may be a promising and effective approach for the treatment of burn wound infection caused by P. aeruginosa.
[Rehabilitation of peripheral nerve lesions]. (1997)

After reporting the pathophysiology of denervation the authors deal with the changes that affect nerves while going through reinnervation. A review of the drugs that may help healing and general care to be adopted in order to avoid sequential pathological phenomena related to paralysis are shown. Rehabilitative treatment is discussed, the Authors dwell upon rehabilitation of neurogenous bladder of patients with spina bifida and rehabilitation of patients with paralysis of brachial plexus. Facial paralysis has been discussed before dealing with benefits and complications of electrotherapy. The use of electromagnetotherapy and electromyography are shown with a rich photographic and bibliographic support.
Deep Learning in Medical Ultrasound Image Analysis: A Review (2021)

Ultrasound (US) is one of the most widely used imaging modalities in medical diagnosis. It has the advantages of real-time, low cost, noninvasive nature, and easy to operate. However, it also has the unique disadvantages of strong artifacts and noise and high dependence on the experience of doctors. In order to overcome the shortcomings of ultrasound diagnosis and help doctor improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, many computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed. In recent years, deep learning has achieved great success in computer vision with its unique advantages. In the aspect of medical US image analysis, deep learning has also been exploited for its great potential and more and more researchers apply it to CAD systems. In this paper, we first introduce the deep learning models commonly used in medical US image analysis; Second, we review the data preprocessing methods of medical US images, including data augmentation, denoising, and enhancement; Finally, we analyze the applications of deep learning in medical US imaging tasks (such as image classification, object detection, and image reconstruction).
Development and Industrialization of Liquid Crystal Materials (2006)

The development and industrialization of some liquid crystal materials: the ester with strong positive dielectric anisotropy for TN LCD, the tolan with large birefringence, the alkenyl with large k33/k11 elastic ratio and the azine with large birefringence and high N-I transition temperature for STN LCD, and the fluorinated liquid crystals of fused ring systems for TFT LCD, are reviewed. The work on new fluorinated naphthalene with negative dielectric anisotropy for VA LCD is introduced.
Expression of uridine and thymidine phosphorylase genes in human breast carcinoma (2001)

Uridine phosphorylase (UPase) and an angiogenic enzyme, thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) are involved in degradation of the pyrimidine nucleosides through phosphorolysis. The expression levels of UPase and dThdPase are higher in human solid tumors including breast carcinomas than in normal tissues. To clarify the correlation between the expression levels of UPase and dThdPase genes and the clinicopathological factors, mRNA levels of these enzymes were examined by RT-PCR in 43 breast carcinomas. UPase gene expression was not correlated with dThdPase gene expression (regression coefficient R = 0.032). Although the expression level of the dThdPase gene was correlated with angiogenesis, detected by immunostaining endothelial cells (R = 0.66), that of UPase gene was not (R = 0.044). These results suggest that UPase does not have a strong angiogenic activity. The UPase gene expression levels in tumors of patients who relapsed were significantly higher than in those from patients who did not (p = 0.039). Although the expression levels of neither UPase or dThdPase were associated with age, pT, pN, pM, estrogen or progesterone receptor positivity, the patients with the higher levels of UPase gene expression had worse survival (p = 0.0038) than those with lower levels. In contrast, the expression of dThdPase gene was not related to relapse or survival of these patients with breast carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the expression level of UPase gene may be an independent prognostic marker in human breast carcinoma.
The Optimal Fan-Out of Clock Network for Power Minimization by Adaptive Gating (2011)

Gating of the clock signal in VLSI chips is nowadays a mainstream design methodology for reducing switching power consumption. In this paper we develop a probabilistic model of the clock gating network that allows us to quantify the expected power savings and the implied overhead. Expressions for the power savings in a gated clock tree are presented and the optimal gater fan-out is derived, based on flip-flops toggling probabilities and process technology parameters. The resulting clock gating methodology achieves 10% savings of the total clock tree switching power. The timing implications of the proposed gating scheme are discussed. The grouping of FFs for a joint clocked gating is also discussed. The analysis and the results match the experimental data obtained for a 3-D graphics processor and a 16-bit microcontroller, both designed at 65-nanometer technology.
A unified statistical model for generalized translation memory system (2003)

We introduced, for Translation Memory System, a statistical framework, which unifies the different phases in a Translation Memory System by letting them constrain each other, and enables Translation Memory System a statistical qualification. Compared to traditional Translation Memory Systems, our model operates at a fine grained sub-sentential level such that it improves the translation coverage. Compared with other approaches that exploit sub-sentential benefits, it unifies the processes of source string segmentation, best example selection, and translation generation by making them constrain each other via the statistical confidence of each step. We realized this framework into a prototype system. Compared with an existing product Translation Memory System, our system exhibits obviously better performance in the &quot;assistant quality metric &quot; and gains improvements in the range of 26.3 % to 55.1 % in the &quot;translation efficiency metric&quot;. 1
OVERVIEW OF HEAT PIPE STUDIES DURING THE PERIOD 2010-2015 (2016)

International audience
Automatic C to O-O Translation with C2Eiffel (2012)

C2Eiffel is a fully automatic source-to-source translator of C applications into the Eiffel object-oriented programming language. C2Eiffel supports the complete C language, including function pointers, unrestricted pointer arithmetic and jumps, arbitrary native libraries, and inlined assembly code. It produces readable Eiffel code that behaves as the source C application, it takes advantage of some of Eiffel's object-oriented features to produce translations that are easy to maintain and debug, and often even safer than their sources thanks to stricter correctness checks introduced automatically. Experiments show that C2Eiffel handles C applications of significant size (such as vim and libgsl), it is a fully automatic tool suitable to reuse C code within a high-level object-oriented programming language.
Controlled Nucleation of DNA Metallization (2008)

Silver-plated DNA: The deposit of a thin metal layer on biomolecules, such as DNA, requires the formation of small, “magic-sized” metal nuclei. Through the careful design of a reducing chemical functionality in the form of a dialdehyde, the nucleation process and thus the metallization step can be controlled (see scheme).
Attenuation of Shock-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Sphingosine Kinase Inhibition (2004)

Modulation of PMN Ca entry via SK inhibition inhibits PMN CTX in vitro, and inhibits CD11b expression in vivo without major effects on hemodynamics. These cellular changes were associated with amelioration of lung injury in vivo in a rat model of T/HS. These findings suggest that SK inhibition allows modulation of inflammation via control of [Ca2+]i without the cardiovascular compromise expected with Ca2+ channel blockade. SK inhibition therefore appears to be an important novel candidate therapy for inflammatory organ injury after shock.