gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Human Mast Cells and Basophils in Response to Muscle Relaxants (1991)

The authors studied the effects of increasing concentrations 10(-5)-10(-3) M) of four muscle relaxants (succinylcholine, d-tubocurarine, vecuronium, and atracurium) on histamine release from peripheral blood basophils and mast cells isolated from human lung parenchyma, skin tissues, and heart fragments. Basophil granulocytes released less than 5% of their histamine content when incubated with any one of the muscle relaxants tested. In contrast, mast cells showed a significant heterogeneity in response to different muscle relaxants. Succinylcholine did not induce histamine release from any type of mast cell, and only high concentrations of d-tubocurarine (10(-3) M) caused histamine release from skin and lung mast cells. Vecuronium concentration-dependently induced histamine release from skin and lung--but not from heart mast cells--to a maximum of 7.2 +/- 2.1% and 4.9 +/- 1.4%, respectively. Atracurium concentration-dependently caused significant histamine release from skin and lung mast cells to a maximum of 46.2 +/- 15.1% and 30.6 +/- 6.0%, respectively. Atracurium (5 x 10(-5) - 2 x 10(-4) M) also induced histamine release from heart mast cells. The histamine release process from both lung and skin mast cells caused by atracurium and vecuronium was extremely rapid (t1/2 = less than 1 min). The releasing activity of atracurium and vecuronium on lung and skin mast cells was not reduced, and not abolished, by lowering the temperature of the incubation buffer to 22 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Extracellular calcium did not affect the capacity of atracurium and vecuronium to induce histamine release from lung and skin mast cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Novel Mechanism for <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> Neurotoxin Inhibition (2002)

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins are zinc endopeptidase proteins responsible for cleaving specific peptide bonds of proteins of neuroexocytosis apparatus. The ability of drugs to interfere with toxin's catalytic activity is being evaluated with zinc chelators and metalloprotease inhibitors. It is important to develop effective pharmacological treatment for the intact holotoxin before the catalytic domain separates and enters the cytosol. We present here evidence for a novel mechanism of an inhibitor binding to the holotoxin and for the chelation of zinc from our structural studies on Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type B in complex with a potential metalloprotease inhibitor, bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane, and provide snapshots of the reaction as it progresses. The binding and inhibition mechanism of this inhibitor to the neurotoxin seems to be unique for intact botulinum neurotoxins. The environment of the active site rearranges in the presence of the inhibitor, and the zinc ion is gradually removed from the active site and transported to a different site in the protein, probably causing loss of catalytic activity.
Cyclization of 3‐Allyloxycarboxylic Acids to Tetrahydrofurans by Kolbe Electrolysis (1984)

3-Functionalized tetrahydrofurans of type 3, which are otherwise not easily accessible, can be synthesized by “mixed” Kolbe electrolysis of the acids 1 and 2. The allyloxycarboxylic acids 1 are prepared from substituted allyl alcohols and α,β-unsaturated nitriles.
Second harmonic imaging and harmonic Doppler measurements with Albunex (1994)

The application of ultrasound contrast agents, such as Albunex, sometimes reduces the image contrast between blood and the surrounding tissues. This paper proposes experimental procedures that could alleviate this problem considerably by using harmonic signals generated by nonlinear backscattering of the microbubbles. In addition, its application on Doppler can minimize the clutter problem resulted from the motion of surrounding tissues and thus enables the detection of slow blood flow, in both power Doppler and color Doppler imaging modes. Results show that: (1) second harmonic signal produced by Albunex is significant and harmonic images that filter out backscattered echoes from solid tissues, but not those from Albunex, can be obtained; (2) when these microbubbles are compared to polystyrene microsphere suspensions which possess exclusively linear behavior, Doppler power at second and subharmonic frequencies could only be detected from Albunex
Factors affecting the ionization efficiency of quaternary ammonium compounds in electrospray/ionspray mass spectrometry (1991)

Abstract A series of quaternary ammonium salts was analysed by the ionspray technique under different conditions in order to study the influence of some important factors on the ionization efficiency, The factors taken into account were droplet charging, sample ion, counter ion, solovent composition, and concentration. Measurement of the spray current leaving the nebulizer has shown that the spray current increases linearly with sample concentration up to at least 50 pmol/μL. The measured spray current is approximately 30% of the calcualated current corresponding to a given concentration of quaternary ammonium ions in solution leaving the nebulizer at a given flow rate. The results obtained show that tetraakylammonium salt give the best sensitivitly with no influence of sample‐ion shape or counter ion. The dynamic range for full‐scan mass spectra of the compounds studied appears to the linear for concentrations from 0.1 pmol/μL (10 −7 M) up to 10 pmol/μL (10 −5 M).
MiRNA expression profiling based identification of subclasses in adult acute myeloid leukemia (2007)

2967 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses a large number of morphologically similar but at the molecular level quite distinct variants. Recurrent cytogenetic aberrations have been shown to constitute markers of diagnostic and prognostic value. However, despite recent successes in detecting novel molecular markers like FLT3, CEBPA, and NPM1 mutations, and despite recent advances in gene expression profiling treatment stratification is still difficult and the biology underlying distinct AML subclasses is still not fully understood. Recently, deregulated-expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been correlated with various cancers including leukemias, and evidence was provided that miRNAs can function both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In order to determine a potential role of differential miRNA expression in AML we profiled miRNA expression in a large series of adult AML patients to better characterize AML on the molecular level. Thus, we analyzed 91 samples which encompass the spectrum of cytogenetic and molecular genetic aberrations in AML using DNA microarray technology. We used a miRNA microarray platform validated by quantitative RT-PCR and Northern Blot analyses that contained approximately 250 human miRNAs. By unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of our 91 AML samples based on the miRNA expression of 202 filtered miRNAs we were able to identify two large AML subgroups. While these two groups were in part characterized by the differential expression of the miR-17-92 cluster, which recently has been identified to be deregulated in many cancer types, especially Myc-regulated tumors, we also identified several miRNAs not yet known to be differentially expressed in leukemia. Interestingly, correlation of the unsupervised cluster defined groups revealed an association with leukemia morphology as determined by FAB (French-American-British) classification, but there was no significant correlation with cytogenetically or molecular-genetically defined leukemia AML subgroups. On the other hand, by supervised analysis using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) methodology we were able to identify miRNA signatures characterizing acute promyelocytic leukemias with a t(15;17) and normal karyotype AML carrying mutations of NPM1. While these findings already support a potential role of differential miRNA expression in AML pathogenesis, future analyses correlating miRNA expression with global gene expression, which are currently underway, are likely to provide additional insights into AML biology, thereby helping to unravel the role of miRNAs in leukemogenesis.
Plexin-B1 silencing inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion (2010)

Plexin-B1 expression correlates with malignant phenotypes of serous ovarian tumors, probably via phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, suggesting that Plexin-B1 might be a useful biomarker and/or a novel therapeutic target.
Immunohistological study of precancerous mucus modification in human distal colonic polyps. (1983)

The M1 antigens associated with gastric fucomucins, oncofetal markers of the distal colonic mucosa, were demonstrated to be more closely associated with adenomas [92 of 139 (66%)] than with invasive adenocarcinomas [27 of 218 (12%)]. They were always expressed in tumors containing the M3 antigen normally associated with the intestinal mucus. The M1 antigens, present in 100% of hyperplastic polyps (30 of 30), were not specific for a particular histological type of adenoma but were found to be more closely associated with those showing a villous differentiation [41 of 47 (87%)] than with those having a tubular pattern [51 of 92 (55%)]. The presence of these M1 antigens depended neither on the size nor on the degree of cytological atypia of the nodular adenomas. However, M1 antigens were found in 94% of the adenomas (35 of 37) concomitant with adenocarcinomas; in contrast, only 56% of adenomas (55 of 102) observed on noncancerous mucosa contained these M1 antigens. As already demonstrated during rat colonic carcinogenesis, mucus modification characterized by the presence of M1 antigens could represent early molecular changes occurring before malignant transformation related to a chemical carcinogen. These M1 antigens might be regarded as early precancerous markers of an oncofetal type, associated with human distal colonic mucosa.
Development of a True Primary Repair for the Full Spectrum of Esophageal Atresia (1997)

(1) The esophageal anastomosis can withstand considerable tension and allows a reliable true primary repair for the full EA spectrum. (2) Growth is rapid and traction sutures will produce significant esophageal lengthening within days. (3) With increasing tension, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and strictures are more common; however, both are treatable. Follow-up reveals the benefits of true primary repair over other solutions.
Application of 6-DOF sensing for robotic disturbance compensation (2010)

In the future of manufacturing and construction, the need will arise for robots that operate in larger work envelopes than can be supported using traditional fixed-base industrial robot systems. Robots may instead be mounted to mobile equipment subject to disturbance. Such disturbance may be compensated using robot arm motions if sufficiently precise and rapid sensing and control systems are available. In this paper we present the development of a disturbance compensation system using a Stäubli TX90 six axis industrial robot and controller. This is coupled with a developmental six degree of freedom sensor package capable of high bandwidth, accurate sensing throughout the workspace. The robot is mounted to an uncontrolled moveable platform. Sensor measurements are then processed and fed into the Stäubli CS8C controller in order to successfully stabilize the end-effector.
Epitaxial lift-off in photovo1taics:ultra thin Ai0.2Ga0.8As cell in a mechanically stacked (Al,Ga)As/Si tandem: (1994)

The potential of high conversion efficiency of solar energy through the combination of Al,,Ga,,As and Si cells is illustrated by a mechanically stacked tandem using for the first time the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique to remove the top cell from its substrate. The selective etching of the GaAs substrate provides efficient light transmission to the bottom cell. Photoluminescence decay experiments show also that substrate removal enhances photon recycling effects. The measured efficiency of the Al,,Ga,~,As/Si tandem reaches 21% AM1.5.
Effect of nitric oxide predilution on inhaled nitrogen dioxide concentrations (1999)

We examined the possibility that predilution of a concentrated nitric oxide (NO) source with nitrogen, before contact with oxygen, can reduce the inspired nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration during administration of nitric oxide. A Manley Blease and a Siemens Servo 900 C ventilator delivered 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 parts per million (ppm) NO using an NO source of 1000, 400 and 200 ppm. With the Manley Blease system, predilution from 1000 to 200 ppm NO reduced the inhaled NO2 concentration from 0.14 to 0.05 ppm (p < 0.01) at 10 ppm inhaled NO, and from 1.20 to 1.00 ppm (p < 0.01) at 40 ppm inhaled NO. With the Siemens Servo 900 C ventilator, inspiratory NO2 concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.11 ppm (p < 0.01) at 10 ppm inhaled NO, and from 1.49 to 1.16 ppm (p < 0.01) at 40 ppm NO. Predilution from 1000 to 400 ppm NO reduced the inspired NO2 concentrations by < 3% using either ventilator when the inspirated NO concentration was 80 ppm. Predilution of NO with nitrogen significantly reduced the inspired NO2 concentrations for nitric oxide concentrations between 10 and 40 ppm, but offered no clinically relevant advantage at higher NO concentrations.
Monolayer-graphene-based broadband and wide-angle perfect absorption structures in the near infrared (2018)

Broadband optical absorption structures in the near infrared by coupling monolayer-graphene with periodical metal structures are proposed and demonstrated numerically. Optical absorption of graphene with over-50%-absorption bandwidth up to hundreds of nanometer caused by magnetic dipole resonances and magnetic coupling effect are investigated in detail, and the demonstrated bandwidths are one order higher than those caused by dielectric guiding mode resonances. In addition, the influences of geometrical parameters of structures are fully analyzed and these demonstrated structures show angular-insensitive absorption for oblique incidence in a large angular range. The demonstrated absorption structures in this work provide new design ideas in the realization of advanced graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
Hydrazine borane: synthesis, characterization, and application prospects in chemical hydrogen storage (2011)

Hydrazine borane (N(2)H(4)BH(3)) is the novel boron- and nitrogen-based material appearing to be a promising candidate in chemical hydrogen storage. It stores 15.4 wt% of hydrogen in hydridic and protic forms, and the challenge is to release H(2) with maximum efficiency, if possible all hydrogen stored in the material. An important step to realize this ambitious goal is to synthesize HB with high yields and high purity, and to characterize it fully. In this work, we report a 2-step synthesis (salt metathesis and solvent extraction-drying) through which N(2)H(4)BH(3) is successfully obtained in 3 days, with a yield of about 80% and a purity of 99.6%. N(2)H(4)BH(3) was characterized by NMR, IR, XRD, TGA and DSC, its stability in dioxane and water was determined, and its thermolysis by-products were characterized. We thus present a complete data sheet that should be very useful for future studies. Furthermore, we propose a discussion on the potential of HB (with H(2) released by either thermolysis or hydrolysis) in chemical hydrogen storage.
Thermodynamics of Micellization of Sulfobetaine Surfactants in Aqueous Solution (2012)

Abstract The thermodynamics of micellization of the sulfobetaine (SB) amphoteric surfactants, that is N ‐alkyl‐ N , N ‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate and N ‐alkyl‐ N , N d‐imethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐butanesulfonate (the carbon atom number of the alkyl chain is 12, 14 and 16 respectively) in aqueous solution, have been studied by surface tension measurements with the temperature range from 298.15 to 318.15 K. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of SB n‐3 and SB n‐4 surfactants were determined from the drop‐volume methods at different temperatures. The obtained results indicated that the values of critical micelle concentration strongly depended on the surfactants species and temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters ( , and ) of the micelle formation were determined. The micellization was found to be enthalpy‐driven at lower temperatures, while this process was entropy‐driven at higher temperatures. The enthalpy–entropy compensation were also investigated. The compensation temperature T c and decreased, while increased with the increase in the hydrophobic chain length.
Tunable solid-body elastomer lenses with electromagnetic actuation (2011)

We present novel biconvex solid-body elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane) lenses, which can be tuned in focal length by using magnetic or mechanical actuation. The focal length change is induced by applying radial elastic strain and is investigated for different initial radii of curvature of the lenses and different actuation designs. In all cases, a linear correlation between induced strain and focal length tuning, in the range of about 10% (approximately 3 mm), is found. These results compare favorably with finite element simulations.
High-frequency performance of diamond field-effect transistor (2001)

The microwave performance of a diamond metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) is reported for the first time. MESFETs with a gate length of 2-3 μm and a source-gate spacing of 0.1 μm were fabricated on the hydrogen-terminated surface of an undoped diamond film grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing a self-aligned gate fabrication process. A maximum transconductance of 70 mS/mm was obtained on a 2 μm gate MESFET at V/sub GS/=-1.5 V and V/sub DS/=-5 V,for which a cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and a maximum oscillating frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 2.2 GHz and 7 GHz were obtained, respectively.
Shotgun proteomics: tools for the analysis of complex biological systems. (2002)

Recent interest in proteomics has been fueled by the completion of multiple genome projects and ignited by the common need of biologists to rapidly and comprehensively evaluate complex samples of proteins on a global level. 'Shotgun proteomics' refers to the direct analysis of complex protein mixtures to rapidly generate a global profile of the protein complement within the mixture. This approach has been facilitated by the use of multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), which incorporates multidimensional high-pressure liquid chromatography (LC/LC), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and database-searching algorithms. This review will focus on the most recent advances in methodologies for shotgun proteomics and address the limitations of the application of each to real biological samples.
Processing and assembly of the head of bacteriophage lambda (1974)

Abstract When phage DNA is added to an extract of an induced lambda lysogen, complete phage particles are made that contain the added DNA. The DNA substrate for packaging is a covalently joined polymer of several phage units. Unjoined units must first be joined by DNA ligase in the extract. Therefore DNA cutting is a necessary part of the DNA packaging reaction. The protein product of gene A, called A protein, behaves like the enzyme that cuts DNA and is a necessary component of the extract. Three of the head proteins preassemble into a spherical shell that subsequently combines with DNA. These shells are made of E protein, the major protein of a finished head, and they can be the sole source of that protein. They also contain a few molecules of two processed proteins, fused C–E and cleaved B. The processing may be essential for assembly because other shells that contain C protein not fused and B protein uncleaved are less than 1% as active. Protein A and DNA first react with the protein shells, then D protein, the second most abundant head protein, is added. These new observations are combined with published data to develop a comprehensive view of λ head assembly.
The learning rate in back-propagation systems: an application of Newton's method (1990)

In backpropagation learning, the internode connection strengths, or weights, are adjusted by a method of gradient descent in weight space. The author shows how to apply a multidimensional version of Newton's method for finding the roots of an equation to the question of determining how far to move down the gradient in each learning cycle in backpropagation. The results of a few simulations for a fully recurrent net are presented. The results show an appreciable improvement, by a factor of five to ten, in the convergence rate for these hard-to-learn tests
Prognostic impact of low‐shear whole blood viscosity in hypertensive men (2005)

In hypertensive men, an increased WBV at low shear rate is a predictor of cardiovascular events independently from the effect of several traditional risk factors. Low-shear WBV is a better discriminator of cardiovascular risk than high-shear WBV.
Improvement of rotor structure of concentrated surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (2009)

A new surface permanent magnet synchronous motor is developed by using concentrated permanent magnet arrangement. In this motor, the same magnetic poles of the assembling permanent magnets are faced to each other to generate larger magnetic flux density in the air gap. We call this the concentrated surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (CSPMSM). In order to realize higher torque and lower cogging, we examined to generate larger amplitude of sinusoidal magnetic flux in the air gap by changing the radius of rotor and the thickness of magnets. In the next step, we suggested a combination of the radial neodymium magnets and the circumferential ferrite magnets. We called this ¿hybrid type CSPM¿ (HCSPM). Their torque characteristics are analyzed with the finite element method and compared in detail.
Vimentin intermediate filaments modulate the motility of mitochondria (2011)

Interactions with vimentin intermediate filaments (VimIFs) affect the motility, distribution, and anchorage of mitochondria. In cells lacking VimIFs or in which VimIF organization is disrupted, the motility of mitochondria is increased relative to control cells that express normal VimIF networks. Expression of wild-type VimIF in vimentin-null cells causes mitochondrial motility to return to normal (slower) rates. In contrast, expressing vimentin with mutations in the mid-region of the N-terminal non-α-helical domain (deletions of residues 41-96 or 45-70, or substitution of Pro-57 with Arg) did not inhibit mitochondrial motility even though these mutants retain their ability to assemble into VimIFs in vivo. It was also found that a vimentin peptide consisting of residues 41-94 localizes to mitochondria. Taken together, these data suggest that VimIFs bind directly or indirectly to mitochondria and anchor them within the cytoplasm.