gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Reactivity Rate and Particle Size of Magnesium Oxide on Magnesium Availability, Acid-Base Balance, Mineral Metabolism, and Milking Performance of Dairy Cows (1989)

Four ruminally fistulated Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin-square design. Treatments consisted of a control diet and three diets containing 4% MgO (DM basis) with increasing reactivity rates (A, B, C). Diets contained corn silage and concentrate at a 40:60 ratio (DM) and were fed at 95% of ad libitum intake. Total acid-consuming capacity and solubility of MgO in vitro paralleled particle size and agreed with the solubilities in the rumen. Milk fat percentage, but not milk yield, was increased by all three MgO diets. Ruminal pH was elevated by the MgO diets across all 8 h postfeeding. MgO, reactivity A diet tended to increase ruminal acetate, total VFA production, milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage. Effect of time postfeeding on acetate and propionate production was significant; 2 to 6 h postfeeding was the period most responsive to the diets. No significant influence on blood acid-base balance was observed. On the basis of urinary excretion of Mg, MgO sources with smaller particles are more available to cattle. Both Ca and Cl metabolism appeared to be affected by reactivity rate of MgO.
Glycolipid glycosyltransferases in human embryonal carcinoma cells during retinoic acid induced differentiation (1989)

Retinoic acid induced differentiation of TERA-2-derived human embryonal carcinoma cells is accompanied by a dramatic reduction of extended globo-series glycolipids, including galactosyl globoside, sialylgalactosyl globoside, and globo-A antigen (each recognized by specific MoAbs). Associated with these glycolipid changes, the activities of two key enzymes, alpha 1----4 galactosyltransferase (for synthesis of globotriaosyl core structure) and beta 1----3 galactosyltransferase (for synthesis of galactosyl globoside), were found to be reduced 3- to 4-fold. The latter enzyme plays a key role in the synthesis of extended globo-series structures, and its characterization has not been reported previously. Therefore, its catalytic activity was studied in detail, including substrate specificity, detergent and phospholipid effects, pH and cation requirements, and apparent Km. During retinoic acid induced differentiation, a series of Lex glycolipid antigens (recognized by anti-SSEA-1 antibody) and their core structures (lacto-series type 2 chains) increase dramatically. In parallel with these changes in glycolipid expression, the activities of two key enzymes, beta 1----3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (for extension of lacto-series type 2 chain) and alpha 1----3 fucosyltransferase (for synthesis of Lex structure), were found to increase by 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Similarly, an increase in the expression of several gangliosides (e.g., GD3 and GT3) during retinoic acid induced differentiation was mirrored by a 4-fold increase in the activity of alpha 2----3 sialyltransferase (for synthesis of ganglio core structure, GM3). The results suggest a coordinate regulation of key glycosyltransferases involved in core structure assembly and terminal chain modification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of economic change and elite framing on support for welfare state retrenchment: A survey experiment (2016)

How do economic downturns affect citizens’ support for welfare state retrenchment? Existing observational studies fail to isolate the effect of economic conditions and the effect of elite framing of these conditions. We therefore designed a survey experiment to evaluate how economic change in conjunction with different elite frames impact citizens’ support for welfare state retrenchment. We hypothesise and demonstrate that the effects of these frames differ by income group and partisanship. Our survey experiment – carried out in the United Kingdom – demonstrates that poor economic prospects generally motivate support for unemployment benefits vis-à-vis deficit reduction. Emphasis on inequality does not change this picture. Emphasis on government debt and deficits increases support for retrenchment compared with objective information. We find support for the hypothesis that partisans are less responsive to the economy than independents. However, income differences are a surprisingly weak moderator of our treatments. We derive two main conclusions: first, elite frames significantly influence the effect of economic change on welfare state preferences. Second, party identification is crucial to understand individual differences in welfare state preferences and should receive more attention in future research.
3.3 V CMOS built-in current sensor (1997)

A CMOS built-in current sensor dedicated to power supply current monitoring is proposed, which takes advantage of the parasitic resistor attached to an interconnection layer. Simulation results highlight the behaviour of the sensor in terms of speed, linearity and noise. Process dependencies are taken into account.
Chronic Unpredictable Stress (CUS)-Induced Anxiety and Related Mood Disorders in a Zebrafish Model: Altered Brain Proteome Profile Implicates Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2013)

Anxiety and depression are major chronic mood disorders, and the etiopathology for each appears to be repeated exposure to diverse unpredictable stress factors. Most of the studies on anxiety and related mood disorders are performed in rodents, and a good model is chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). In this study, we have attempted to understand the molecular basis of the neuroglial and behavioral changes underlying CUS-induced mood disorders in the simplest vertebrate model, the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish were subjected to a CUS paradigm in which two different stressors were used daily for 15 days, and thorough behavioral analyses were performed to assess anxiety and related mood disorder phenotypes using the novel tank test, shoal cohesion and scototaxis. Fifteen days of exposure to chronic stressors appears to induce an anxiety and related mood disorder phenotype. Decreased neurogenesis, another hallmark of anxiety and related disorders in rodents, was also observed in this zebrafish model. The common molecular markers of rodent anxiety and related disorders, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), calcineurin (ppp3r1a) and phospho cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB), were also replicated in the fish model. Finally, using 2DE FTMS/ITMSMS proteomics analyses, 18 proteins were found to be deregulated in zebrafish anxiety and related disorders. The most affected process was mitochondrial function, 4 of the 18 differentially regulated proteins were mitochondrial proteins: PHB2, SLC25A5, VDAC3 and IDH2, as reported in rodent and clinical samples. Thus, the zebrafish CUS model and proteomics can facilitate not only uncovering new molecular targets of anxiety and related mood disorders but also the routine screening of compounds for drug development.
Effect of Molecular Hydrogen on Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Radiolysis (2001)

The long-time chemistry occurring in the radiolysis of water with different types of radiation has been examined. Radiolytic processes were probed by determining the influence of added molecular hydrogen on the formation of hydrogen peroxide in the radiolysis of water with γ rays, 2 and 10 MeV protons, and 5 MeV helium ions. Homogeneous model calculations were used to obtain quantitative information about the yields of radicals and molecular products escaping the heavy ion tracks. The results show that the yields of radicals escaping from the tracks of 10 MeV protons is significant, whereas the corresponding yields with 2 MeV protons and 5 MeV alpha particles are much lower. The addition of molecular hydrogen has a negligible effect on the formation or consumption of hydrogen peroxide in the radiolysis of water using heavy ions with a high linear energy transfer rate, LET. This result is contrary to the predictions of a homogeneous model and suggests that the long-time chemistry of water is not well-known or that a homogeneous model cannot be applied to high LET radiation. There is also the possibility that a significant yield of an oxidizing species is produced at high LET.
Membrane-Anchored HIV-1 N-Heptad Repeat Peptides Are Highly Potent Cell Fusion Inhibitors via an Altered Mode of Action (2009)

Peptide inhibitors derived from HIV-gp41 envelope protein play a pivotal role in deciphering the molecular mechanism of HIV-cell fusion. According to accepted models, N-heptad repeat (NHR) peptides can bind two targets in an intermediate fusion conformation, thereby inhibiting progression of the fusion process. In both cases the orientation towards the endogenous intermediate conformation should be important. To test this, we anchored NHR to the cell membrane by conjugating fatty acids with increasing lengths to the N- or C-terminus of N36, as well as to two known N36 mutants; one that cannot bind C-heptad repeat (CHR) but can bind NHR (N36 MUTe,g), and the second cannot bind to either NHR or CHR (N36 MUTa,d). Importantly, the IC(50) increased up to 100-fold in a lipopeptide-dependent manner. However, no preferred directionality was observed for the wild type derived lipopeptides, suggesting a planar orientation of the peptides as well as the endogenous NHR region on the cell membrane. Furthermore, based on: (i) specialized analysis of the inhibition curves, (ii) the finding that N36 conjugates reside more on the target cells that occupy the receptors, and (iii) the finding that N36 MUTe,g acts as a monomer both in its soluble form and when anchored to the cell membrane, we suggest that anchoring N36 to the cell changes the inhibitory mode from a trimer which can target both the endogenous NHR and CHR regions, to mainly monomeric lipopetides that target primarily the internal NHR. Besides shedding light on the mode of action of HIV-cell fusion, the similarity between functional regions in the envelopes of other viruses suggests a new approach for developing potent HIV-1 inhibitors.
Water-Induced Changes of Photoluminescence of a Pincer-Type N-Heterocyclic Carbene Platinum(II) Complex (2009)

A square-planar Pt(II) complex with a pyridine-based pincer-type N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, [PtII(C∧N∧C)(Cl)]Cl (C∧N∧C = 2,6-bis(1-butylimidazol-2-ylidenyl)pyridine), was synthesized as a new type of emitter and structurally characterized. The complex shows aquachromic photoluminescence in the solid state upon hydration and dehydration.
Determination of locational error associated with global positioning system (GPS) radio collars in relation to vegetation and topography in north-central New Mexico (1997)

In 1996, a study was initiated to assess seasonal habitat use and movement patterns of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) using global positioning system (GPS) radio collars. As part of this study, the authors attempted to assess the accuracies of GPS (non-differentially corrected) positions under various vegetation canopies and terrain conditions with the use of a GPS ``test`` collar. The test collar was activated every twenty minutes to obtain a position location and continuously uplinked to Argos satellites to transfer position data files. They used a Telonics, Inc. uplink receiver to intercept the transmission and view the results of the collar in real time. They placed the collar on a stand equivalent to the neck height of an adult elk and then placed the stand within three different treatment categories: (1) topographical influence (canyon and mesa tops), (2) canopy influence (open and closed canopy), and (3) vegetation type influence (ponderosa pine and pinion pine-juniper). The collar was kept at each location for one hour (usually obtaining three fixes). In addition, the authors used a hand-held GPS to obtain a position of the test collar at the same time and location.
Test generation by fault sampling (2003)

The authors present a novel technique of generating tests from a random sample of faults. The entire fault population of the circuit is randomly divided into two groups. Only one group, usually the smaller one, is used for test generation by the test-generator and fault-simulator programs. This group is known as the sample and its coverage is deterministic. The coverage of faults in the remaining group is similar to that of random vectors and is estimated from the distribution of fault detection probabilities in the circuit. As the sample size increases, the fraction of unsampled faults reduces. At the same time, a larger sample yields more test vectors to increase the random coverage. For a circuit with high testability, a sample of just 5% faults, will provide tests for a 95% coverage. On the other hand, for a circuit with a relatively poor testability, one may have to sample 33% faults for the same coverage. For most practical cases, the sampling approach will mean significant saving in the computation and storage needs of fault simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression (1992)

The functional neuroanatomy of unipolar major depression was investigated using positron emission tomography to measure differences in regional cerebral blood flow (BF). A relatively homogeneous subject group was obtained using criteria for familial pure depressive disease (FPDD), which are based upon family history as well as upon symptoms and course. Because of the absence of certain knowledge about the pathophysiology of mood disorders and their underlying functional neuroanatomy, we used data obtained from the subtraction of composite images from one-half of depressed and control subjects to identify candidate regions of interest. The major cortical region defined in this manner was statistically tested on a second set of subjects. Using this strategy, we found increased BF in an area that extended from the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex onto the medial prefrontal cortical surface. Based upon the connectivity between these portions of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala and evidence that the amygdala is involved in emotional modulation, activity was measured in the left amygdala and found to be significantly increased in the depressed group. A separate group of subjects with FPDD who were currently asymptomatic were also imaged to determine whether these findings represented abnormalities associated with the depressed state, or with a trait difference that might underlie the tendency to become depressed. Only the depressed group had increased activity in the left prefrontal cortex, suggesting that this abnormality represents a state marker of FPDD. Both the depressed and the remitted groups demonstrated increased activity in the left amygdala, though this difference achieved significance only in the depressed group. This suggests that the abnormality involving the left amygdala may represent a trait marker of FPDD, though further assessment in a larger sample size is necessary to establish this. These data along with other evidence suggest that a circuit involving the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and related parts of the striatum, pallidum, and medial thalamus is involved in the functional neuroanatomy of depression.
Transient Expression of Recombinant sPDGFR&#945;-Fc in CHO DG44 Cells using 50-mL Orbitally Shaking Disposable Bioreactors (2010)

Overactivity of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been linked to malignant cancers. High levels of PDGF result in the activation of its receptors (PDGFRs) and the over-proliferation of cells. Therefore, interfering with this signaling pathway in cancer cells could be significant for anti-cancer drug development. In a previous study, the sPDGFR alpha-Fc fusion protein expressed in static CHO-k(1) cells showed an anti-proliferative effect on vascular endothelial cells. However, it was difficult to obtain a large quantity of this fusion protein for further functional studies. In the present study, the sPDGFR alpha-Fc fusion protein was transiently expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) DG44 cells in 50-mL orbital shaking bioreactors. sPDGFR alpha-Fc was expressed as a 250-kDa dimeric protein with potential glycosylation. The final yield of sPDGFR alpha-Fc in the culture supernatant was as high as 16.68 mg/L. Our results suggest that transient expression in orbital shaking bioreactors may be feasible for preparation of recombinant proteins used for preclinical studies.
Carbohydrate Recognition by a Large Sialidase Toxin from <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (2007)

Myonecrotic isolates of Clostridium perfringens secrete multimodular sialidases, often termed "large sialidases", that contribute to the virulence of this bacterium. NanJ is the largest of the two secreted sialidases at 1173 amino acids and comprises 6 different modules which are, from the N-terminus, a family 32 carbohydrate binding module (CBM), a family 40 CBM, a family 33 glycoside hydrolase, a module of unknown function, a family 82 "X-module" of unknown function, and a module with amino acid similarity to fibronectin type III domains. The hydrolase activity of clostridial sialidases is quite well documented; however, the functions of their accessory domains are entirely uninvestigated. Here we describe the carbohydrate binding activity of the isolated family 32 CBM (CBM32) and the isolated family 40 CBM (CBM40). CBM32 is shown to bind galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine, while CBM40 is sialic acid specific, though both CBMs appear to bind with very low affinities. The crystal structure of CBM32 was determined at 2.25 A in complex with galactose. This revealed what appears to be a very simple galactose binding site. The crystal structure of CBM40 was determined at 2.20 A in complex with a sialic acid containing molecule that it fortuitously crystallized with, revealing the molecular details of the CBM40-sialic acid interaction. Overall, the results indicate that NanJ contains carbohydrate specific binding modules that likely function to target the enzyme to molecules or cells bearing mixed populations of glycans that terminate in either galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine or sialic acid.
Steroids. LI.<sup>1</sup> Δ<sup>4,6</sup>-Dien-3-ones<sup>2,3</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. LI.1 Δ4,6-Dien-3-ones2,3Franz Sondheimer, C. Amendolla, and G. RosenkranzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 23, 5932–5935Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01119a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Stochastic Model for Electron Multiplication Charge-Coupled Devices – From Theory to Practice (2013)

Electron multiplication charge-coupled devices (EMCCD) are widely used for photon counting experiments and measurements of low intensity light sources, and are extensively employed in biological fluorescence imaging applications. These devices have a complex statistical behaviour that is often not fully considered in the analysis of EMCCD data. Robust and optimal analysis of EMCCD images requires an understanding of their noise properties, in particular to exploit fully the advantages of Bayesian and maximum-likelihood analysis techniques, whose value is increasingly recognised in biological imaging for obtaining robust quantitative measurements from challenging data. To improve our own EMCCD analysis and as an effort to aid that of the wider bioimaging community, we present, explain and discuss a detailed physical model for EMCCD noise properties, giving a likelihood function for image counts in each pixel for a given incident intensity, and we explain how to measure the parameters for this model from various calibration images.
Synaptotagmin-1 Is Required for Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Release (1998)

By using p65 synaptotagmin-1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1:beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) NIH 3T3 cell co-transfectants, we demonstrate that a proteolytic fragment consisting of the extravesicular domain of synaptotagmin-1 is released into the extracellular compartment in response to temperature stress with similar kinetics and pharmacological properties as FGF-1:beta-gal. Using a deletion mutant that lacks 95 amino acids from the extravesicular domain of synaptotagmin-1, neither synaptotagmin-1 nor FGF-1:beta-gal are able to access the stress-induced release pathway. Furthermore, the p40 extravesicular fragment of synaptotagmin-1 is constitutively released in p40 synaptotagmin-1 NIH 3T3 cell transfectants, and this release is potentiated when the cells are subjected to temperature stress. These data demonstrate that the p40 fragment derived from synaptotagmin-1 is able to utilize the FGF-1 non-classical exocytotic pathway and that the release of FGF-1 is dependent on synaptotagmin-1.
From skin microrelief to wrinkles. An area ripe for investigation (2003)

Skin microrelief alters progressively with age. Wrinkles do not result from these changes but are superimposed upon them. Wrinkles result from structural changes in the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Four types of wrinkles can be recognized. Type 1 wrinkles are atrophic. Type 2 wrinkles are elastotic. Type 3 wrinkles are expressional. Type 4 wrinkles are gravitational. Each type of wrinkle is characterized by distinct microanatomical changes and each type of wrinkle develops in specific skin regions. Each is likely to respond differently to treatment. Skin microrelief and skin folds can be identified on histological examination. By contrast, only minimal dermal changes are found beneath permanent or reducible wrinkles compared with immediately adjacent skin. A series of objective and non-invasive methods is available to quantify the severity of wrinkling.
Cerium doped GSO scintillators and its application to position sensitive detectors (1989)

The dependence of the light output and the decay times of Ce-doped Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ on Ce concentration was measured. It is shown that the light output is almost constant and the decay time can be easily changed by changing Ce concentration. It is concluded that these properties make it possible to use GSO(Ce) scintillators as position-sensitive detectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>