gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyses and simulations for Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (2016)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering the implementation of the Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) in the National Airspace System (NAS). AeroMACS networks will provide high-data-rate communications in the airport environment in support of Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) operations. At the World Radiocommunication Conference in 2007 (WRC-07), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) added an Aeronautical Mobile (Route) Service (AM(R)S) frequency allocation in the 5091-5150 megahertz (MHz) band on an international basis, resulting in eleven 5-MHz frequency channels being available for AeroMACS within the allocation. In this paper we describe an analysis framework that could be used to evaluate the performance of AeroMACS networks, and discuss the interdependency between frequency planning and RF network planning for AeroMACS as part of the framework. AeroMACS network performance for a specific analysis scenario that incorporates aircraft, ground vehicles, and sensors supporting safety and regularity of flight was analyzed by using the framework. We also developed an initial discrete event simulation capability for in-depth evaluations of AeroMACS link performance. We used this capability to analyze link performance for data transmissions to and from potential fixed assets, such as sensors, on the airport. Link performance results are also presented. The analyses and simulations described in this paper provide inputs for the development of a spectrum planning methodology for AeroMACS.
Butyrophilin-like 3 Directly Binds a Human Vγ4+ T Cell Receptor Using a Modality Distinct from Clonally-Restricted Antigen (2019)

Butyrophilin (BTN) and butyrophilin-like (BTNL/Btnl) heteromers are major regulators of human and mouse γδ T cell subsets, but considerable contention surrounds whether they represent direct γδ T cell receptor (TCR) ligands. We demonstrate that the BTNL3 IgV domain binds directly and specifically to a human Vγ4<sup>+</sup> TCR, "LES" with an affinity (∼15-25 μM) comparable to many αβ TCR-peptide major histocompatibility complex interactions. Mutations in germline-encoded Vγ4 CDR2 and HV4 loops, but not in somatically recombined CDR3 loops, drastically diminished binding and T cell responsiveness to BTNL3-BTNL8-expressing cells. Conversely, CDR3γ and CDR3δ loops mediated LES TCR binding to endothelial protein C receptor, a clonally restricted autoantigen, with minimal CDR1, CDR2, or HV4 contributions. Thus, the γδ TCR can employ two discrete binding modalities: a non-clonotypic, superantigen-like interaction mediating subset-specific regulation by BTNL/BTN molecules and CDR3-dependent, antibody-like interactions mediating adaptive γδ T cell biology. How these findings might broadly apply to γδ T cell regulation is also examined.
Expression of the ecto‐ATPase NTPDase2 in the germinal zones of the developing and adult rat brain (2003)

In the adult nervous system, multipotential stem cells of the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles generate neuron precursors (type-A cells) that migrate via the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons. The migrating neuroblasts are surrounded by a sheath of astrocytes (type-B cells). Using immunostaining, in situ hybridization and enzyme histochemistry, we demonstrate that the ecto-ATPase nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) is expressed in the subventricular zone and the rostral migratory stream of the adult rat brain. This enzyme hydrolyses extracellular nucleoside triphosphates to the respective nucleoside diphosphates and is thought to directly modulate ATP receptor-mediated cell communication. Double labelling for the astrocyte intermediate filament protein GFAP and the glial glutamate transporter GLAST identifies the NTPDase2-positive cells as type-B cells. During development the enzyme protein is first detected at E18, long before expression of the astrocyte marker GFAP. It gradually becomes expressed along the ventricular and subventricular zone of the brain, followed by complete retraction to the adult expression pattern at P21. NTPDase2 is transiently expressed in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and within the cerebellar white matter and is associated with select microvessels, tanycytes of the third ventricle, and subpial astrocytes of the adult brain. Our results suggest that NTPDase2 can serve as a novel marker for specifying subsets of cells during in vivo and in vitro studies of neural development and raise the possibility that ATP-mediated signalling pathways play a role in neural development and differentiation.
A flexible capacitive tactile sensor for robot skin (2016)

This paper presents a flexible capacitive sensor array which can be attached on robot arm for tactile force measurement. We designed and fabricated three types of sensor array in different dimensions. The sensor array with 4×4 tactile units is made of copper and PDMS based on PET substrate. The static characteristics are performed and it is found that the sensor array with 3×3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> unit size is the optimal one among these three types. The sensitivity of the optimal sensing unit is 0.84%/N in a force range of 0-3.7 N. In order to achieve the controlling of robot motion, we developed a capacitance detection circuit to transfer the capacitance change to voltage variation. Furthermore, a tactile feedback and signal acquisition system is built up for the application of robotic obstacle avoidance.
Algorithms for Automated Protocol Validation (1988)

This paper studies the four basic types of algorithm that, over the last ten years, have been developed for the automated validation of the logical consistency of data communication protocols. The algorithms are compared on memory usage, CPU time requirements, and the quality, or coverage, of the search for errors. It is shown that the best algorithm, according to above criteria, can be improved further in a significant way, by avoiding a known performance bottleneck. The algorithm derived in this manner works in a fixed size memory arena (it will never run out of memory), it is up to two orders of magnitude faster than the previous methods, and it has superior coverage of the state space when analyzing large protocol systems. The algorithm is the first for which the search efficiency (the number of states analyzed per second) does not depend of the size of the state space: there is no time penalty for analyzing very large state spaces. The effectiveness of the new algorithm is illustrated with the validation of a protocol of a realistic size: the ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.2 for logical link control.
About the asymptotic performance of MMSE MIMO DFE for filter-bank based multicarrier transmission (1999)

We investigate the asymptotic performance of a multi-input multi-output decision-feedback (DF) equalizer used to detect a multicarrier (MC) signal based on a filter-bank and transmitted over a linear dispersive channel. We derive the optimum DF structure for a minimum-mean square-error criterion. We basically show that with infinite length forward and feedback filters and at high signal-to-noise ratio, the geometrical mean of prediction errors does not depend on the paraunitary filter-bank used in the transmitter. Hence, it appears that uncoded filter-bank based MC transmission and single carrier transmission, both used over the same channel and with optimum DF, lead to the same achievable bit rate.
Optimum Geometry of Saddle Shaped Coils for Generating a Uniform Magnetic Field (1970)

Saddle shaped coils for generating a field perpendicular to the axis of a cylindrical shell to which the coils are confined can be designed in a compact and easily constructed form. The central magnetic field of such a system and its second derivatives with respect to displacements from the center are given as functions of the coil dimensions, and conditions for minimizing these derivatives are discussed. A coil pair with a length-to-diameter ratio of 2 and circular arcs of 120° will have no second order central field derivatives in any direction.
Schottky barrier heights of nickel-platinum silicide contacts on <i>n</i>-type Si (1976)

The barrier heights of NiPt silicide–n-type Si have been determined from the saturation current density of diodes for various concentrations of Ni and Pt. Ni-Pt films on Si were heated to 475 °C to obtain a NiPt silicide. The barrier height varies smoothly from that of NiSi-Si to PtSi-Si with increasing amounts of Pt in the NiPt films. For 19 wt% Pt the barrier is 0.69 eV and for 67 wt% Pt the height is 0.78 eV.
Decoupling contention management from scheduling (2010)

Many parallel applications exhibit unpredictable communication between threads, leading to contention for shared objects. The choice of contention management strategy impacts strongly the performance and scalability of these applications: spinning provides maximum performance but wastes significant processor resources, while blocking-based approaches conserve processor resources but introduce high overheads on the critical path of computation. Under situations of high or changing load, the operating system complicates matters further with arbitrary scheduling decisions which often preempt lock holders, leading to long serialization delays until the preempted thread resumes execution.
Haloperidol-associated Stealth Liposomes (2005)

Sigma receptors are membrane-bound proteins that are overexpressed in certain human malignancies including breast cancer. These receptors show very high affinity for various sigma ligands including neuroleptics like haloperidol. We hypothesized that in associating haloperidol-linked lipid into the cationic lipid-DNA complex, we can specifically target and deliver genes to breast cancer cells that overexpress sigma receptors. In the present study, haloperidol was chemically modified to conjugate at the distal end of the polyethylene glycollinked phospholipid, which was then incorporated into the cationic liposome known to condense and deliver genes inside cells. The resulting haloperidol-conjugated targeted lipoplex showed at least 10-fold higher (p < 0.001) reporter gene expression in MCF-7 cells than control lipoplex. The reporter gene expression of the targeted lipoplex was significantly blocked by haloperidol (p < 0.001) and by another sigma ligand, 1,3-ditolylguanidine (p < 0.001) in the majority of cationic lipid to DNA charge ratios (+/-). Spironolactone-mediated sigma receptor down-regulation enabled MCF-7 to show 10-fold lower transgene expression with targeted lipoplex compared with that obtained in spironolactone-untreated cells. The targeted lipoplex generated nonspecific gene expression in sigma receptor-nonexpressing human cancer cells such as Hela, KB, HepG2, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Moreover, the transgene expression remained unabated in physiologically relevant serum concentrations. This is the first study to demonstrate that haloperidol-targeted gene delivery systems can mediate efficient targeting of genes to sigma receptor-overexpressing breast cancer cells, thereby becoming a novel class of therapeutics for the treatment of human cancers.
InAs-Based Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Lasers Near 5.3 $\mu{\rm m}$ (2012)

InAs-based interband cascade (IC) lasers with dielectric-metal hybrid top cladding layers were demonstrated at emission wavelengths near 5.3 μm for temperatures up to 248 K in continuous wave mode and 300 K in pulsed mode. Preliminary experimental results showed that these hybrid waveguide IC lasers had slightly better device performances in terms of operating temperature, compared to IC lasers with InAs plasmon cladding layers on both sides. The threshold current densities of these IC lasers were as low as 12 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with voltage efficiency above 96% at 80 K. The output power of these IC lasers reached 120 mW/facet and a power efficiency of 21% was obtained at 80 K.
Engineering Database of Liquid Salt Thermophysical and Thermochemical Properties (2010)

The purpose of this report is to provide a review of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of candidate molten salt coolants, which may be used as a primary coolant within a nuclear reactor or heat transport medium from the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) to a processing plant, for example, a hydrogen-production plant. Thermodynamic properties of four types of molten salts, including LiF-BeF2 (67 and 33 mol%, respectively; also known as FLiBe), LiF-NaF-KF (46.5, 11.5, and 52 mol%, also known as FLiNaK), and KCl-MgCl2 (67 and 33 mol%), and sodium nitrate-sodium nitrite-potassium nitrate (NaNO3–NaNO2–KNO3, (7-49-44 or 7-40-53 mol%) have been investigated. Limitations of existing correlations to predict density, viscosity, specific heat capacity, surface tension, and thermal conductivity, were identified. The impact of thermodynamic properties on the heat transfer, especially Nusselt number was also discussed. Stability of the molten salts with structural alloys and their compatibility with the structural alloys was studied. Nickel and alloys with dense Ni coatings are effectively inert to corrosion in fluorides but not so in chlorides. Of the chromium containing alloys, Hastelloy N appears to have the best corrosion resistance in fluorides, while Haynes 230 was most resistant in chloride. In general, alloys with increasing carbon and chromium content are increasingly subject to corrosion by the fluoride salts FLiBe and FLiNaK, due to attack and dissolution of the intergranular chromium carbide. Future research to obtain needed information was identified.
Pillar-induced droplet merging in microfluidic circuits (2008)

A novel method is presented for controllably merging aqueous microdroplets within segmented flow microfluidic devices. Our approach involves exploiting the difference in hydrodynamic resistance of the continuous phase and the surface tension of the discrete phase through the use of passive structures contained within a microfluidic channel. Rows of pillars separated by distances smaller than the representative droplet dimension are installed within the fluidic network and define passive merging elements or chambers. Initial experiments demonstrate that such a merging element can controllably adjust the distance between adjacent droplets. In a typical scenario, a droplet will enter the chamber, slow down and stop. It will wait and then merge with the succeeding droplets until the surface tension is overwhelmed by the hydraulic pressure. We show that such a merging process is independent of the inter-droplet separation but rather dependent on the droplet size. Moreover, the number of droplets that can be merged at any time is also dependent on the mass flow rate and volume ratio between the droplets and the merging chamber. Finally, we note that the merging of droplet interfaces occurs within both compressing and the decompressing regimes.
Passive Optical Networks in the Local Loop (1996)

The author reviews the motivation for passive optical networks as a delivery system for services in the Local Loop, the “last mile” in the communication link. He then argues that new developments in WDM components motivate a re-examination of wavelengthdivision-multiplexing (WDM) PONs as a distribution network.
Inhibiting Glycosaminoglycan Chain Polymerization Decreases the Inhibitory Activity of Astrocyte-Derived Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans (2007)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are upregulated in the CNS after injury and participate in the inhibition of axon regeneration mainly through their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains. In the present study, we have identified a new way to alleviate the inhibition of axonal regeneration by CSPG GAGs. We have successfully decreased the amount of CSPG GAG produced by astrocytes by targeting chondroitin polymerizing factor (ChPF), a key enzyme in the CSPG biosynthetic pathway. Using short interfering RNA (siRNA), we reduced ChPF mRNA levels by 70% in both the Neu7 astrocyte cell line and primary rat astrocytes. This reduction leads to a decrease in ChPF protein levels and a reduced amount of CSPG GAG chains in the conditioned media (CM) of these cells. Secretion of neurocan by primary astrocytes and NG2 core protein by Neu7 cells transfected with ChPF siRNA is not decreased, suggesting that inhibiting GAG chain synthesis does not affect core protein trafficking from these cells. CM from siRNA-treated Neu7 cells is a less repulsive substrate for axons than CM from control cells. In addition, axonal outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons is increased on or in CM from ChPF siRNA-treated Neu7 cells. These data indicate that targeting the biosynthesis of CSPG GAG is a potentially new therapeutic avenue for decreasing CSPG GAG produced by astrocytes after CNS injury.
Vanadium phosphorus oxide as an efficient catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidations using hydrogen peroxide (2003)

Calcined vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) prepared by an organic route is found to be an active and effective catalyst for the oxidation of various alkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, n-hexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclodecane and adamantane in acetonitrile solvent using the environmentally benign oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, where the oxidation mechanism is believed to involve a reversible V4+/V5+ redox cycle.
Expression of Glucose Transporter Isoforms with Aging (1992)

To elucidate the cellular mechanisms for impairment of glucose metabolism associated with aging, the facilitative glucose transporter protein and mRNA were studied in various tissues of young (7-week-old) and aged (20-month-old) rats. GLUT4 glucose transporter protein, a major glucose transporter isoform in the insulin-responsive tissues, was selectively decreased in the epididymal fat tissues of the aged rats compared with the young rats. This decrease is likely to be due to a decrease in protein synthesis rather than in protein stability, since GLUT4 mRNA per unit cellular total RNA was also decreased. GLUT4 mRNA in the skeletal muscle was rather increased in spite of the decreased level of GLUT4 protein in the aged rats, suggesting that the translational efficiency and/or stability of GLUT4 protein is decreased in the skeletal muscle of the aged rats compared with the young rats. In contrast to these alterations in GLUT4 expression, no apparent decrease in the GLUT1 protein amount was observed in the fat tissues, skeletal muscle and brain of the aged rats compared with the young rats. Thus, the tissue and isoform-specific alterations in glucose transporter expression are associated with aging and may contribute to impairment of glucose metabolism observed with aging.
Atomic force microscopy study on topography of films produced by ion-based techniques (1996)

The evolution of surface morphologies of films prepared by ion-based deposition techniques has been investigated by atomic force microscopy. Two deposition processes, filtered arc deposition (FAD) and ion-beam-assisted deposition, where low-energy (&lt;100 eV) ion irradiation and high-energy (several tens of keV) ion-beam bombardment concurrent with film growth were involved, respectively, have been employed to prepare TiN and Al films. Comparative studies on the effect of energetic ions on the development of topography have been performed between the low-ion-energy regime and high-ion-energy regime. In addition, the relationship between topography and mechanical properties of thin films has been revealed, by involving thin films prepared by thermal evaporation deposition (TED), where almost all depositing particles are neutral. In the images of the TED TiN and Al films, a large number of porous and deep boundaries between columnar grains was observed, suggesting a very rough and loose surface. In contrast, the FAD films exhibited much denser surface morphologies, although still columnar. The root-mean-square roughness of the FAD films was less than 1 Å. Hardness test and optical parameter measurement indicated that the FAD films were much harder and, in the case of optical films, much more transparent than the TED films, which was considered to arise from the denser surface morphologies rather than crystallization of the films. The high density and super smoothness of the FAD films, and the resultant mechanical and optical properties superior to those of the TED films, were attributed to the enhancement of surface migration of the deposited adatoms in the FAD process, which could provide intensive low-energy ion irradiation during film growth. As for topography modification by high-energy ion-beam bombardment concurrent with film growth, in addition to the increase of surface diffusion due to elastic collision and thermal spikes, physical sputtering must be considered while explaining the development of the film topography. Both surface migration enhancement and sputtering played important roles in the case of high-energy heavy-ion-beam bombardment, under which condition surface morphology characterized by dense columns with larger dimension and deep clean boundaries was formed. However, under high-energy light-ion-beam bombardment, the sputtering was dominant, and the variation of sputtering coefficient with position on the surface of growing film led to the formation of cones.
High-throughput analysis of sulfatides in cerebrospinal fluid using automated extraction and UPLC-MS/MS (2017)

Sulfatides (STs) are a group of glycosphingolipids that are highly expressed in brain. Due to their importance for normal brain function and their potential involvement in neurological diseases, development of accurate and sensitive methods for their determination is needed. Here we describe a high-throughput oriented and quantitative method for the determination of STs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The STs were extracted using a fully automated liquid/liquid extraction method and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. With the high sensitivity of the developed method, quantification of 20 ST species from only 100 μl of CSF was performed. Validation of the method showed that the STs were extracted with high recovery (90%) and could be determined with low inter- and intra-day variation. Our method was applied to a patient cohort of subjects with an Alzheimer's disease biomarker profile. Although the total ST levels were unaltered compared with an age-matched control group, we show that the ratio of hydroxylated/nonhydroxylated STs was increased in the patient cohort. In conclusion, we believe that the fast, sensitive, and accurate method described in this study is a powerful new tool for the determination of STs in clinical as well as preclinical settings.
Integration of the Electrodynamic Dust Shield on a Lunar Habitat Demonstration Unit (2010)

NASA is developing a Habitat Demonstration Unit (HDU) to investigate the feasibility of lunar surface technologies and lunar ground operations. The HDU will define and validate lunar scenario architecture through field analog testing. It will contain a four-port vertical habitat module with docking demonstration capabilities. The Electrodynamic Oust Shield (EDS) is being incorporated into the HDU to demonstrate dust removal from a viewport and from a door prior to docking procedures. In this paper, we will describe our efforts to scale up the EDS to protect a viewport 20 cm in diameter. We will also describe the development of several 20 cm x 25 cm EDS patches to demonstrate dust removal from one of the HDU doors.
Weighted Uniform Sampling — a Monte Carlo Technique for Reducing Variance (1966)

A new Monte Carlo technique for reducing variance is presented and analysed. It obtains gains in accuracy comparable to those realized by importance sampling (Hammersley & Handscomb, 1964), without requiring the use of non-uniform probability distributions. Some numerical examples illustrate the theory.