gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain and other central nervous system tumors: rates, trends, and epidemiology (2001)

Reports that central nervous system (CNS) cancer rates are increasing have prompted debate on whether secular trends reflect environmental changes related to etiology or artifacts of case ascertainment. We present the most recent data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program on incidence rates and trends of CNS malignancies, including primary CNS lymphomas, and on survival probability. We discuss the new 2000 standard for adjusting rates; underreporting of CNS tumor rates resulting from the exclusion of nonmalignancies in most cancer registries; and information on CNS tumor risk factors, including concerns related to nonionizing electromagnetic fields and wireless mobile telephones.
Suppressive effects of ansamycins on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2002)

The production of nitric oxide by the inflammatory isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in brain glial cells is thought to contribute to the causes and development of neurological diseases and trauma. We previously demonstrated that activation of a heat shock response (HSR) by hyperthermia reduced NOS2 expression in vitro, and in vivo attenuated the clinical and histological symptoms of the demyelinating disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; Heneka et al. [2001] J. Neurochem. 77:568-579). Benzoquinoid ansamycins are fungal-derived antibiotics with tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties, and which also induce a HSR by allowing activation of HS transcription factor HSF1. We now show that two members of this class of drugs (geldanamycin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) also induce a HSR in primary rat astrocytes and rat C6 glioma cells. Both drugs dose-dependently reduced nitrite accumulation, NOS2 steady-state mRNA levels, and the cytokine-dependent activation of a rat 2.2-kB NOS2 promoter construct stably expressed in C6 cells. These inhibitory effects were partially reversed by quercetin, a bioflavonoid which prevents HSF1 binding to DNA and thus attenuates the HSR. Ansamycins increased mRNA levels of the inhibitory IkappaBalpha protein, suggesting that inhibition of NFkappaB activation could contribute to their suppressive effects. Finally, in C57BL/6 mice actively immunized to develop EAE, a single injection of geldanamycin at 3 days after immunization reduced disease onset by over 50%. These results indicate that ansamycins can exert potent anti-inflammatory effects on brain glial cells which may provide therapeutic benefit in neuroinflammatory diseases.
The Calcium-independent Receptor for α-Latrotoxin from Human and Rodent Brains Interacts with Members of the ProSAP/SSTRIP/Shank Family of Multidomain Proteins (2000)

Subtypes of the calcium-independent receptors for alpha-latrotoxin (CIRL1-3) define a distinct subgroup within the large family of the seven-transmembrane region cell surface receptors. The physiological function of CIRLs is unknown because neither extracellular ligands nor intracellular coupling proteins (G-proteins) have been identified. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a novel interaction between the C termini of CIRL1 and -2 and the PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain of a recently discovered multidomain protein family (ProSAP/SSTRIP/Shank) present in human and rat brain. In vitro, CIRL1 and CIRL2 interacted strongly with the PDZ domain of ProSAP1. The specificity of this interaction has been verified by in vivo experiments using solubilized rat brain membrane fractions and ProSAP1 antibodies; only CIRL1, but not CIRL2, was co-immunoprecipitated with ProSAP1. In situ hybridization revealed that ProSAP1 and CIRL1 are co-expressed in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Colocalization was also observed at the subcellular level, as both CIRL1 and ProSAP1 are enriched in the postsynaptic density fraction from rat brain. Expression of all three CIRL isoforms is highly regulated during postnatal brain development, with CIRL3 exhibiting its highest expression levels immediately after birth, followed by CIRL2 and finally CIRL1 in aged rats.
Epitope-tagged Gq alpha subunits: expression of GTPase-deficient alpha subunits persistently stimulates phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C but not mitogen-activated protein kinase activity regulated by the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. (1993)

Gq is the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein that activates the beta isoforms of phosphatidyl-inositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). The Gq alpha-subunit polypeptide (alpha qa) was N-terminally modified by addition of a 9-aa sequence, YPYDVPDYA. Placement of the 9-aa epitope tag at the N terminus allowed expression of functional alpha q polypeptides and selective identification of plasmid-expressed wild-type and mutant G-protein alpha subunits. Mutation of glutamine-209 to leucine in the N-terminally epitope-tagged alpha q (N(epi) alpha qQ209L) inhibited GTPase activity and persistently activated PI-PLC, resulting in high steady-state levels of inositol phosphates. The elevated levels of inositol phosphates resulting from N(epi) alpha qQ209L expression were similar to those obtained with carbachol activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The Gq-coupled M1 receptor, which stimulates PI-PLC activity, and phorbol esters, acting via protein kinase C, activate the cytoplasmic mitogen-activated protein kinase in COS cells. However, the constitutive activation of PI-PLC enzymatic activity resulting from expression of GTPase-deficient alpha q was unable to persistently activate this kinase. The results indicate that persistent PI-PLC activation is insufficient to sustain the stimulation of a cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase regulated by Gq-coupled receptor signal-transduction pathways.
Synthesis of Pterocarpans by Means of a “Disfavored” 5-endo-trig Radical Cyclization Reaction (2001)

A successful synthesis of pterocarpans 1, based on a “disfavored” 5-endo-trig radical cyclization reaction, has been accomplished. The radical precursor 4-(2′-bromoaryloxy)-2H-chromene 8 was synthesized in six steps, starting from aryl propynyl ether 2. On treatment with tributyltin hydride in refluxing benzene, aryl enol ether 8 underwent radical cyclization to furnish the pterocarpan 1. A deuterium label study was performed to prove the occurrence of 5-endo-trig radical cyclization. This methodology was extended further to synthesize a class of hitherto unknown pterocarpans 13. A novel and stereoselective route towards the synthesis of aryl ethers of bromohydrins by means of the Mitsunobu reaction is also described.
Simple, Facile and Highly Selective Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols Using Silica Chloride (2001)

A simple and efficient process for tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols has been developed by reacting with dihydropyran at room temperature in presence of catalytic amount of silica chloride. The process is highly selective for monoprotection of the hydroxyl groups of symmetric diols.
Scheduler Design for Multiple Traffic Classes in OFDMA Networks (2006)

This paper considers some scheduler structures that are executable in environments of multiple traffic classes and multiple frequency channels. In designing a scheduler structure for multiple traffic classes, we first propose a scheduler selection rule that uses the priority of traffic class and the urgency level of each packet. Then we relax the barrier of traffic class priority if a packet of higher priority has some room in waiting time. This gives us a chance to exploit multi user diversity, thereby giving more flexibility in scheduling. Our considered scheduler can achieve higher throughput compared to the simple extension of conventional modified largest weighted delay first (MLWDF) scheduler while maintaining the delay performance of QoS class traffic. We also design a scheduler structure for multiple frequency channels that chooses a good channel for each user as much as possible to exploit frequency diversity. The simulation results show that our proposed scheduler increases the total system throughput up to 50% without degrading the QoS performance of delay. Our schedulers are suited to be deployed for OFDMA systems like IEEE 802.16 systems that have plenty of frequency channels and use the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme.
Distributed data management using MapReduce (2014)

MapReduce is a framework for processing and managing large-scale datasets in a distributed cluster, which has been used for applications such as generating search indexes, document clustering, access log analysis, and various other forms of data analytics. MapReduce adopts a flexible computation model with a simple interface consisting of map and reduce functions whose implementations can be customized by application developers. Since its introduction, a substantial amount of research effort has been directed toward making it more usable and efficient for supporting database-centric operations. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of a wide range of proposals and systems that focusing fundamentally on the support of distributed data management and processing using the MapReduce framework.
Major methylation alterations on the CpG markers of inflammatory immune associated genes after IVIG treatment in Kawasaki disease (2016)

In summary, our result provides researchers with another way into the regulation mechanism through which IVIG represses excessive inflammatory responses.
An optimally coupled 5 GHz quadrature LC oscillator (2002)

A 5 GHz quadrature LC oscillator is realized which is based on a new architecture for multi-phase LC oscillators. Each section in the oscillator is coupled with an explicit phase shift of 180 degrees divided by the number of sections. Analysis on behavioral level shows that this maximizes the quality factor, and as a result, the carrier-to-noise ratio and robustness. An effective quality factor is derived which quantizes the degradation in phase noise performance if the sections of a multiphase LC oscillator are non-optimally coupled. The realized 5 GHz quadrature LC oscillator demonstrates that even at high frequencies the additional complexity of the proposed architecture yields a CNR improvement. The oscillator is realized in a BiCMOS process with a cut-off frequency of 30 GHz using an LC resonator with a quality factor of 4. A tuning range from 4.91 to 5.23 GHz is obtained with a CNR better than 113 dBc/Hz at 2 MHz offset. The VCO core power dissipation is only 21.2 mW at 2.7 V supply voltage.
Microprocess for fabricating carbon-nanotube probes of a scanning probe microscope (2000)

We have developed microprocesses to make carbon-nanotube probes for a scanning probe microscope. The processes contain electric-field induced transportation, welding and fixation by electron-beam carbon deposition and are performed in a scanning electron microscope equipped with two individual manipulable stages. Using the nanotube probes produced, a fine structure of helical and twinned deoxyribonucleic acid and an abrupt height transition with high fidelity in a 4.7 GB digital versatile disk are imaged with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy in air.
Pharmacokinetics and brain uptake in the rhesus monkey of a fusion protein of arylsulfatase a and a monoclonal antibody against the human insulin receptor (2012)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder of the brain caused by mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal sulfatase, arylsulfatase A (ASA). It is not possible to treat the brain in MLD with recombinant ASA, because the enzyme does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present investigation, a BBB-penetrating IgG-ASA fusion protein is engineered and expressed, where the ASA monomer is fused to the carboxyl terminus of each heavy chain of an engineered monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb crosses the BBB via receptor-mediated transport on the endogenous BBB insulin receptor, and acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the ASA into brain from blood. The HIRMAb-ASA is expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in serum free medium, and purified by protein A affinity chromatography. The fusion protein retains high affinity binding to the HIR, EC50 = 0.34 ± 0.11 nM, and retains high ASA enzyme activity, 20 ± 1 units/mg. The HIRMAb-ASA fusion protein is endocytosed and triaged to the lysosomal compartment in MLD fibroblasts. The fusion protein was radio-labeled with the Bolton-Hunter reagent, and the [(125) I]-HIRMAb-ASA rapidly penetrates the brain in the Rhesus monkey following intravenous administration. Film and emulsion autoradiography of primate brain shows global distribution of the fusion protein throughout the monkey brain. These studies describe a new biological entity that is designed to treat the brain of humans with MLD following non-invasive, intravenous infusion of an IgG-ASA fusion protein.
Magnetic properties of Fe(N)/NiFe(N) sputtered on sloping surfaces (1996)

The magnetic properties of sputtered iron-based films can be significantly different when deposited on sloping surfaces. For example, anisotropy fields, H/sub k/, and easy axis coercivities, H/sub ce/, of Fe(N)/NiFe(N) films in this study were as much as two orders of magnitude higher on 60/spl deg/ tilted surfaces than on flat surfaces. The use of high substrate bias during deposition effectively lessened increases of H/sub k/ and H/sub ce/. These parameters were largely independent of the nitrogen content of the films, implying the observed increases were not strongly dependent on magnetostriction. The large H/sub k/ and the H/sub ce/ values are believed to be caused by a shape anisotropy associated with angle-of-incidence deposition and film crystallite morphology.
In Vitro Activities of New Quinolones and Oxazolidinones against <i>Actinomadura madurae</i> (2004)

In this work, we studied the in vitro sensitivity of 24 strains of Actinomadura madurae to a new oxazolidinone (DA-7867), gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin by using a broth microdilution method. We observed that the A. madurae strains had a high level of sensitivity to all the antimicrobials tested. The most active drug was DA-7867, with a MIC at which 90% of the strains are inhibited (MIC(90)) of 0.125 micro g/ml and a MIC(50) of 0.06 micro g/ml.
Implementation of a single chip, pipelined, complex, one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in 0.25 μm bulk CMOS (2003)

The Mayo Foundation Special Purpose Processor Development Group (Mayo) has developed a novel fast Fourier transform (FFT) ASIC designed to operate on 16-bit complex (16-bit real, 16-bit imaginary) samples. The radix-2 FFT processor performs any power-of-two-sized transform between 2-point and 4096-point, as selected by the user. The FFT processor is wholly contained on a single 10 mm by 10 mm die implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology, including distributed register banks for storing all intermediate calculations, and static RAM (SRAM) for storing user programmable sine and cosine coefficients. Designed for maximum flexibility, the Mayo FFT processor includes redundant computation modules, user programmable transform length; individual, user programmable sine and cosine coefficient-storing SRAM for each of the computation modules; overflow detection and correction circuitry (in the form of user-selectable operand scaling within each computation module), 5-volt tolerant 3.3-volt I/O; and a command driven interface.
Neural inverse space mapping EM-optimization (2002)

For the first time, we present Neural Inverse Space Mapping (NISM) optimization for EM-based design of microwave structures. The inverse of the mapping from the fine to the coarse model parameter spaces is exploited for the first time in a Space Mapping algorithm. NISM optimization does not require: up-front EM simulations, multipoint parameter extraction or frequency mapping. The inverse of the mapping is approximated by a neural network whose generalization performance is controlled through a network growing strategy. We contrast our new algorithm with Neural Space Mapping (NSM) optimization.
Using Housing Market Information to Improve Evaluation of Physical Activity. (2012)

Purpose: Heterogeneity exists in urban neighborhoods. Factors that affect home choice can differ even though socio-demographics are quite similar. It is possible residents’ tastes for environment features in home location also predict how well they respond to built-environment changes by increasing physical activity. Observing factors that affect location can contribute to physical activity success in public health. A study area in West Texas appears very homogeneous: 89% Caucasian; 72% registered Republican; 81% families with children; 68% college educated - 87% ‘some college;’ yet two distinct submarkets exist based on subtle differences in home purchase choices. The area has a high incidence of obesity and diabetes; so landscape changes that might induce physical activity are important. Methods: A random sample of 93 residents who purchased homes between June, 2008 and December, 2009 in Lubbock, TX completed the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire Survey. 66 (71%) responded. Using a prior market study, 18 (27%) were members of submarket 1 and 48 (73%) were members of submarket 2. A Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient (ρ) correlated levels of physical activity on two dimension of physical activity dimensions: C1, “mild, moderate, strenuous”; and C2, “seldom, sometimes, often” to a measure of landscape diversity. Wilcoxin Tests compared types. Results: For the group, Spearman Rank correlation between landscape diversity and strenuous weekly exercise was significant (p<0.054) and correlation to often active was not significant, but at p<0.118. Comparing types, Type 1 residents exercised more often (p<0.067) and more strenuously (p<0.098) as landscape improved. Type 2 residents showed no improvement in physical activity: sometimes and often were insignificant (p<0.68) and (p<0.44) as well as moderate (p<0.63) and strenuous (p<0.29). The Wilcoxin tests for improvement in each category show Type1 improving on both intensity (p<0.022) and frequency (p<0.042) with greater landscape diversity. Conclusions: There is little demographic difference between members of each submarket. So in aggregate, significant improvement on one dimension of physical activity and 88% significance on the other may induce health officials to conclude an improvement in activity occurred for an ‘at risk’ population when none occurred. Yet those shown to pay more to live near landscape diversity (submarket1) became more active as diversity increased. Health officials might target built environment improvements better to increase physical activity by observing differences in economic choices as well as demographic variation.
Functional polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the functional polymorphisms in the promoter of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and in the regulatory region of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its clinical features. The MMP-1 1G/2G polymorphism and the MCP-1 promoter A/G polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 117 RA patients and 97 healthy controls. The genotype distribution of the MMP-1 promoter did not differ between RA patients and control subjects. However, in the 2G/2G genotype, ESR and Plat were higher than the 1G/1G genotype. The genotype distribution of the MCP-1 promoter did not differ between the RA and control groups. Clinically there was no significant difference among RA patients according to the MCP-1 promoter genotypes. Our data show that the functional promoter polymorphism in the MMP-1 promoter may not play an important role in the susceptibility of RA, but the polymorphism may be related to clinical phenotypes.
Neuropsychological Deficits in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (1998)

Neuropsychological deficits were observed in patients with OCD that were not observed in matched patients with panic disorder or unipolar depression. As such, the cognitive dysfunction in OCD appears to be related to the specific illness processes associated with the disorder.
External monitoring of endpoint configuration compliance (2009)

We describe a system for externally monitoring endpoint configuration compliance of an end user system that provides a high assurance monitoring function and data. Typical approaches to monitoring for endpoint configuration compliance rely on the integrity of the endpoint's operating system and do not protect the monitoring function from subversion or spoofing by threats from within the monitored system. Our approach utilizes (1) a virtual machine architecture on the endpoint system to protect the monitoring function and (2) virtual machine introspection of the end user's environment. In this paper we describe our approach to external monitoring of endpoint configuration compliance, present the technical details of our monitoring system, and discuss some of the issues associated with external monitoring.
Development of an Algorithm for Automatically Assessing Lifting Risk Factors Using Inertial Measurement Units (2019)

The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for automatically processing data collected with inertial measurement unit (IMU) wearable devices to measure lifting risk factors for low back disorders. Five IMU sensors attached to five body segments were used for developing the algorithm. The algorithm consists of two modules running in parallel for detecting the beginning and ending of a lifting event as well as the vertical height (V) of the object lifted by two hands and the horizontal (H) distance between the object and the body during the lift. The motion synchronization feature of wrists’ motion data were used to train the lifting detection module using a machine learning approach. This module achieved a training accuracy of 85%. In the second module, the forearm length and gyroscope data of four sensors are proposed for calculating trunk flexion angle, V and H during a lift.
Angiotensin converting enzyme variability in hypertensive and normotensive rats. (1993)

Recent data have revealed biological and genetic variability in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, which are considered to be the most appropriate control strain for spontaneously hypertensive rats. To investigate the possibility that angiotensin converting enzyme activity could be affected by this variability, we measured plasma and tissue (lung, heart, renal cortex, renal medulla, and adrenal gland) angiotensin converting enzyme activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats from three commercial suppliers in France: Iffa-Credo, Janvier, and Charles River Laboratories. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity was measured in vitro with a fluorometric assay using carbobenzoxy-Phe-His-Leu as substrate. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity in both rat strains varied considerably from one supplier to another, and therefore, comparisons of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats from the different suppliers produced conflicting results. For Wistar-Kyoto rats, angiotensin converting enzyme activity in the plasma, heart, kidney, and adrenal glands was highest in rats from Iffa-Credo and lowest in rats from Charles River. For spontaneously hypertensive rats, angiotensin converting enzyme activity in the plasma and tissues was highest in rats from Janvier, whereas no difference could be observed between rats from Iffa-Credo and Charles River. These data confirm the problem of how to interpret and compare studies that use spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rat strains.