gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acids and Exercise Affect Glucose Transport But Not Tumour Growth in F-344 Rats (2004)

This study examined the effect of diet and exercise on tumour growth, and the effect of dietary fatty acids on glucose uptake. Male Fischer 344 rats were divided into 4 dietary groups and fed for 2 weeks. The diets were 5% (wt/wt) safflower oil, 10% safflower oil, 5% docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)-rich, and 10% DHA-rich. On Day 14 the animals were injected with rat fibrosarcoma tumour cells. After 3 days of tumour growth the animals in each diet group were divided into exercise and nonexercise groups. Exercise was achieved by voluntary wheel running. Dietary intake, body weight, tumour growth, and distance run were determined daily. Two weeks later the animals were euthanized and the following tissues were dissected out: tumour, liver, heart, epididymal fat pads, gastrocnemius, epitrochlearis, and soleus muscles. Glucose transport experiments were performed on the epitrochlearis and soleus muscles whereas phospholipid analysis was completed on the gastrocnemius muscle. We observed no effect of either diet or exercise on tumour growth. The glucose transport data demonstrates that short-term voluntary running can cause increased insulin-sensitive transport and that DHA may inhibit transport. DHA-containing diets were associated with increased oxidation products TBARM. In conclusion, exercise benefits on glucose disposal are maintained in tumour-bearing animals but are influenced by fat content and composition. High DHA diets may also increase oxidative damage in muscle through enhanced TBARM production.
Screening of human SNP database identifies recoding sites of A-to-I RNA editing (2008)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are DNA sequence variations that can affect the expression or function of genes. As a result, they may lead to phenotypic differences between individuals, such as susceptibility to disease, response to medications, and disease progression. Millions of SNPs have been mapped within the human genome providing a rich resource for genetic variation studies. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing also leads to the production of RNA and protein sequence variants, but it acts on the level of primary gene transcripts. Sequence variations due to RNA editing may be misannotated as SNPs when relying solely on expressed sequence data instead of genomic material. In this study, we screened the human SNP database for potential cases of A-to-I RNA editing that cause amino acid changes in the encoded protein. Our search strategy applies five molecular features to score candidate sites. It identifies all previously known cases of editing present in the SNP database and successfully uncovers novel, bona fide targets of adenosine deamination editing. Our approach sets the stage for effective and comprehensive genome-wide screens for A-to-I editing targets.
In Vitro Effect of Arsenical Compounds on Glutathione-Related Enzymes (2001)

The mechanism of arsenic toxicity is believed to be due to the ability of arsenite (AsIII) to bind protein thiols. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant cellular thiol, and both GSH and GSH-related enzymes are important antioxidants that play an important role in the detoxification of arsenic and other carcinogens. The effect of arsenic on the activity of a variety of enzymes that use GSH has been determined using purified preparations of glutathione reductase (GR) from yeast and bovine glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and equine glutathione S-transferase (GST). The effect on enzyme activity of increasing concentrations (from 1 μM to 100 mM) of commercial sodium arsenite (AsIII) and sodium arsenate (AsV) and a prepared arsenic(III)−glutathione complex [AsIII(GS)3] and methylarsenous diiodide (CH3AsIII) has been examined. GR, GPx, and GST are not sensitive to AsV (IC50 > 50 mM), and none of the enzymes are inhibited or activated by physiologically relevant concentrations of AsIII, AsIII(GS)3, or CH3AsIII, although CH3AsIII is the most potent inhibitor (0.3 mM < IC50 < 1.5 mM). GPx is the most sensitive to arsenic treatment and GST the least. Our results do not implicate a direct interaction of As with the glutathione-related enzymes, GR, GPx, and GST, in the mechanism of arsenic toxicity. CH3AsIII is the most effective inhibitor, but it is unclear whether this product of arsenic metabolism is produced at a sufficiently high concentration in critical target tissues to play a major role in either arsenic toxicity or carcinogenesis.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (2013)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an inherited demyelinating disease that causes progressive neurologic deterioration, leading to severe motor disability, developmental regression, seizures, blindness, deafness, and death. The disease presents as a late-infantile, juvenile, or adult form. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been shown to slow disease progression. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate long-term treatment outcomes after unrelated donor umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation in pediatric patients according to disease burden and age at onset (ie, late-infantile versus juvenile). Engraftment, survival, treatment-related toxicity, graft-versus-host disease, neurophysiologic measures, and neurodevelopmental function were assessed. To evaluate whether signal intensity abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (ie, modified Loes scores) predict post-transplant cognitive and gross motor development, a general linear mixed model was fit to the data. Twenty-seven patients underwent transplantation after myeloablative chemotherapy; 24 patients engrafted after the initial transplantation. Seven patients died of infection, regimen-related toxicity, or disease progression. Twenty patients (6 with late-infantile onset and 14 with juvenile onset) were followed for a median of 5.1 years (range, 2.4 to 14.7). We found that patients with motor function symptoms at the time of transplant did not improve after transplantation. Brainstem auditory evoked responses, visual evoked potentials, electroencephalogram, and/or peripheral nerve conduction velocities stabilized or improved in juvenile patients but continued to worsen in most patients with the late-infantile presentation. Pretransplant modified Loes scores were highly correlated with developmental outcomes and predictive of cognitive and motor function. Children who were asymptomatic at the time of transplantation benefited most from the procedure. Children with juvenile onset and minimal symptoms showed stabilization or deterioration of motor skills but maintained cognitive skills. Overall, children with juvenile onset had better outcomes than those with late-infantile onset. As in other leukodystrophies, early intervention correlated with optimal outcomes. We conclude that UCB transplantation benefits children with presymptomatic late-infantile MLD or minimally symptomatic juvenile MLD.
Criteria for GNSS Multipath Performance Assessment (2005)

A common approach to describe the effects of specular multipath is the computation of multipath error envelopes. These graphs illustrate the resulting ranging error as a function of geometric path delay under idealized conditions (dedicated multipath relative amplitude, consideration of only one multipath signal, no shadowing effects). Despite the simplifications assumed in this model, the multipath error envelopes remain an indispensable tool that is very well suited to compare the multipath performance of different signals, because the appearance of the resulting error envelopes directly reflects differences in modulation schemes or chipping rates. Apart from the computation of multipath error envelopes, there are also other, more complex models that consider more than one multipath signal in different multipath environments. The most complex ones are statistical channel models. The paper starts with a brief description of such a statistical model. Based on model parameters for different environments, the resulting multipath errors are computed for the current GPS C/A code as well as for two Galileo L1 signal candidates. It is assumed that the multipath errors obtained with this model are typical for the underlying environment and can serve as a reference for the subsequent analyses. Thereafter, much simpler multipath models as well as the computation of multipath errors based on multipath error envelopes are discussed in detail. The main objective is to determine, whether or not a particular approach of computing multipath errors leads to errors comparable to those obtained by more complex statistical models and whether or not the complex models can be replaced by simplified ones. The main motivation of this paper is to provide methods for assessing the multipath performance of a dedicated signal/receiver/environment combination and to provide the necessary means for the computation of realistic multipath errors that can be used as an input for GNSS error budget computations.
Three distinct subpopulations of sheep T lymphocytes (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinct T lymphocyte subpopulations have been described in man, mouse and rat and structural analyses of these antigens have demonstrated a high degree of evolutionary conservation. This report describes the reactivity of three monoclonal antibodies (mAb), 19-19, alpha SBU-T4 and alpha SBU-T8, which define T cell subpopulations in the sheep. The mAb alpha SBU-T4 and alpha SBU-T8 define the sheep CD4 and CD8 molecules, respectively. These two antigens show similar tissue distributions, molecular weights and fluorescence-activated cell sorter profiles to human, mouse and rat CD4 and CD8 molecules. The mAb 19-19 is reactive with a subpopulation of T lymphocytes which displays a tissue distribution unlike that reported for a T cell subset in any other species. 19-19 stains 7% of efferent lymph lymphocytes, 15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes but only 1-3% of lymph node lymphocytes. Two-color immunofluorescence demonstrates that the 19-19+ T cell subset is SBU-T4- and SBU-T8-, and thus defines a third T cell subpopulation in sheep. Immunohistology on frozen lymph node tissue sections localizes 19-19 mAb-reactive cells to the subcapsular region of the lymph node and lymph node trabeculae. Only 1% of thymocytes are 19-19+ and these cells are located mainly in the medulla and often arranged as foci around blood vessels. The 19-19 mAb immunoprecipitates from sheep lymphocytes an antigen with an apparent molecular mass of 215 kDa under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. It is concluded that alpha SBU-T4 and alpha SBU-T8 recognize the sheep homologues of the human T4 and T8 antigens, respectively, whereas 19-19 recognizes an antigen (termed SBU-T19) which has not been reported in any other species.
Semantic-Rich Markov Models for Web Prefetching (2009)

Domain knowledge for Web applications is currently being made available as domain ontology with the advent of the semantic Web, in which semantics govern relationships among objects of interest (e. g., commercial items to be purchased in an e-commerce Web site). Our earlier work proposed to integrate semantic information into all phases of the Web usage mining process, for an intelligent semantics-aware Web usage mining framework. There are ways to integrate semantic information into Markov models used in the third phase for next page request prediction. Semantic information is combined with the transition probability matrix of a Markov model. This way, it provides a low order Markov model with intelligent accurate predictions and less complexity than higher order models, also solving the problem of contradicting prediction. This paper proposes to use semantic information to prune states in selective Markov models SMM, semantic information can lead to context-aware higher order Markov models with about 16% less space complexity.
Controlled release of heparin from polypyrrole‐poly(vinyl alcohol) assembly by electrical stimulation (2005)

A surface modification technique was developed for the covalent immobilization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-heparin hydrogel onto electrically conductive polypyrrole (PPY) film with the objective of achieving controlled release of heparin. First, aldehyde groups were introduced onto PPY film through poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate graft copolymerization and subsequent oxidation in acetic anhydride and dimethyl sulfoxide mixture. Then, the prepared PVA-heparin hydrogel was cast onto the PPY film and covalently immobilized to the film through the reaction between the aldehyde groups on the PPY film and the hydroxyl groups of PVA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the surface-modified film after each stage. The strong attachment of the PVA-heparin layer on the PPY film was confirmed by peel test and scanning electron microscopy. The release behavior of heparin from the substrate with and without electrical stimulation was studied and the experimental results showed that the heparin release rate from the prepared substrate using an electric current of 3.5 mA is twofold higher than that without current.
Temperature and stress distribution in the SOI structure during fabrication (2003)

Silicon wafer bonding technology is becoming one of the key technologies in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure fabrication. However, the high-temperature heat treatment during SOI fabrication is inevitable, and the thermal stress thus induced could have an adverse effect on the device fabricated and the bonding interface. In this work, a finite-element analysis software, ANSYS, is used to study the induced mechanical stresses at the interface during the withdrawal of wafers from a high-temperature furnace. It is found that the type of insulators and the geometric dimension of the devices such as the thickness of the work layer, insulator layer, and the substrate thickness are insignificant contributors to the induced thermal stresses. Although it is expected that the furnace temperature and withdrawal velocity are the key factors in determining the mechanical stresses, for the present bonding strength of wafers via wafer bonding technology, the withdrawal velocity must be less than 100 mm/min, and under such a withdrawal velocity, the furnace temperature is also an insignificant factor with regard to the induced stress.
JATOVSKA RASLOJENOST U KAŠIĆEVIM DJELIMA (2002)

U članku se raspravlja o raspodjeli jatovskih alternanata u Kašićevim djelima, utvrđuje fonološka vrijednost slogova koje je bilježio grafemima ie, ye i iye, napose fonološka vrijednost slogova s nekadašnjim dugim jatom, te prate promjene zubnika /l/, /n/, /t/ i /d/ u nepčanike /ļ/, /ń/, /ć/ i /´ʒ/ uz jotu jatovskoga podrijetla kao posljedica tzv. najnovije jotacije.
Noninvasive Imaging of Apoptosis and Its Application in Cancer Therapeutics (2008)

The data provided show the utility of the ANLucBCLuc reporter in dynamic, noninvasive imaging of apoptosis and provides a rationale for use of this technology to optimize dose and schedule of novel therapies or to develop novel combination therapies using existing drugs.
Novel Thermally Stable Cross-Linked Nonlinear Optical Silica Films Prepared by a Sol−Gel Process (1998)

To improve the orientational stability of the chromophore induced by an electric field in a second-order nonlinear optical polymer, we have synthesized a thermally stable and cross-linkable azo dye, 4-[(4‘‘-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]-4‘-[N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]azobenzene. The transparent films with silica as matrix and organic chromophore as cross-linking agent were then prepared by using a sol−gel process. The resulting films heated at 200 °C under a high-corona field exhibited the nonlinear optical coefficient d33 = 32 pm/V in Maker-fringe measurement. Long-term stability of second-harmonic coefficients in these films was observed even at 160 °C.
Ultrabroadband fiber Bragg gratings written with a highly chirped phase mask and infrared femtosecond pulses (2009)

The writing of ultrabroadband Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) is demonstrated in both hydrogen-free and hydrogen-loaded standard telecom fibers by the use of IR femtosecond pulses and a highly chirped first-order phase-mask. A high reflectivity filter providing a wavelength coverage of five telecom bands (E+S+C+L+U) is demonstrated over a single 35mm long grating inscribed in only 30s in H(2)-loaded SMF-28 fiber. Refractive index modulation of about 2.5x10(-3) and 5x10(-3) are obtained after a few second exposure time in both hydrogen-free and hydrogen-loaded SMF28 fibers. This report paves the way to the development of new broadband fiber-based optical components such as multi-wavelengths filters and sources.
Oligolysine-based coating protects DNA nanostructures from low-salt denaturation and nuclease degradation (2017)

DNA nanostructures have evoked great interest as potential therapeutics and diagnostics due to ease and robustness of programming their shapes, site-specific functionalizations and responsive behaviours. However, their utility in biological fluids can be compromised through denaturation induced by physiological salt concentrations and degradation mediated by nucleases. Here we demonstrate that DNA nanostructures coated by oligolysines to 0.5:1 N:P (ratio of nitrogen in lysine to phosphorus in DNA), are stable in low salt and up to tenfold more resistant to DNase I digestion than when uncoated. Higher N:P ratios can lead to aggregation, but this can be circumvented by coating instead with an oligolysine-PEG copolymer, enabling up to a 1,000-fold protection against digestion by serum nucleases. Oligolysine-PEG-stabilized DNA nanostructures survive uptake into endosomal compartments and, in a mouse model, exhibit a modest increase in pharmacokinetic bioavailability. Thus, oligolysine-PEG is a one-step, structure-independent approach that provides low-cost and effective protection of DNA nanostructures for in vivo applications.
Direct Formation of <i>γ</i> Form Crystal of Syndiotactic Polystyrene from Amorphous State in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2004)

The crystallization behavior of amorphous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) in supercritical CO2 was investigated in detail by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The pure γ form crystal was obtained directly after treating amorphous sPS in supercritical CO2 in a range from 8 to 20 MPa and from 35 to 100 °C. This transformation in supercritical CO2 was accelerated by increasing temperature. Supercritical CO2 provided a moderate condition to crystallize the amorphous into the γ form, while liquid CO2 could not induce the γ form even at the pressure as high as 20 MPa.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells with secondary myelofibrosis (1978)

The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) types and chromosomes of hematopoietic and other tissues were determined in a woman with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. The patient was heterozygous at the X- linked G-6-PD locus so that both B and A isoenzymes were found in nonhematopoietic cells. In contrast, only one G-6-PD type was found in granulocytes, red cells, and platelets. She also had a distinctive chromosome abnormality in blood cells but not in other tissues. These results indicate that agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is a disorder of a pluripotent stem cell and provide strong evidence that it is of clonal origin. In contrast to blood cells, the patient's cultured marrow “fibroblasts” had normal chromosomes and both B and A G-6-PD types, suggesting that the marrow fibrosis is a secondary abnormality. Thus, at least in this case of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, the hematopoietic cell proliferation appears to be clonal, and, by inference, possibly neoplastic, whereas the marrow fibrosis is probably not clonal, and therefore appears to be secondary.
Inability to separate airway from tissue properties by use of human respiratory input impedance (1990)

Respiratory input impedance (Zrs) from 2.5 to 320 Hz displays a high-frequency resonance, the location of which depends on the density of the resident gas in the lungs (J. Appl. Physiol. 67: 2323-2330, 1989). A previously used six-element model has suggested that the resonance is due to alveolar gas compression (Cg) resonating with tissue inertance (Iti). However, the density dependence of the resonance indicates that is associated with the first airway acoustic resonance. The goal of this study was to determine whether unique properties for tissues and airways can be extracted from Zrs data by use of models that incorporate airway acoustic phenomena. We applied several models incorporating airway acoustics to the 2.5- to 320-Hz data from nine healthy adult humans during room air (RA) and 20% He-80% O2 (HeO2) breathing. A model consisting of a single open-ended rigid tube produced a resonance far sharper than that seen in the data. To dampen the resonance features, we used a model of multiple open-ended rigid tubes in parallel. This model fit the data very well for both RA and HeO2 but required fewer and longer tubes with HeO2. Another way to dampen the resonance was to use a single rigid tube terminated with an alveolar-tissue unit. This model also fit the data well, but the alveolar Cg estimates were far smaller than those expected based on the subject's thoracic gas volume. If Cg was fixed based on the thoracic gas volume, a large number of tubes were again required. These results along with additional simulations show that from input Zrs alone one cannot uniquely identify features indigenous to alveolar Cg or to the respiratory tissues.
Measurement and projection of acoustic fields (2002)

The 3-D reconstruction of an acoustic field provides extensive information which can be applied to the study of radiation and scattering problems, and the information obtained provides a comprehensive analysis of the acoustic vibrator under study. Emphasis is mainly on the inverse aspects of the problem, that is, the backwards propagation of the pressure field from the measurement contour to the surface of the source. A survey of the various approaches which allow the extension of measured data into three dimensions is given. In the simplest approaches, the 2-D measurement contour is planar or cylindrical, best suited for vibrators which conform closely to these geometries. The measurement contour can be generalised to arbitrarily shaped bodies, expanding considerably the types of sources which can be studied with near-field acoustic holography techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>