gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterising single airborne particles by fluorescence emission and spatial analysis of elastic scattered light (2004)

The use of intrinsic fluorescence to characterise airborne particles is often applied to the detection of biological materials, particularly micro-organisms. However, as a number of particles which are found in the atmosphere also fluoresce (whether natural or artificially generated), simple measures of particle fluorescence alone may not be sufficient to indicate the presence of biological agents in the atmosphere. An instrument has been developed for the real-time measurement of aerosols using UV induced fluorescence emission and elastic scattered light to characterise individual particles in terms of size, shape and fluorescence. Particles are detected as they scatter light from a CW red laser beam, which triggers a pulse of 266nm radiation to induce fluorescence. Elastic scatter from the red laser beam is used to measure particle size and shape parameters, and total fluorescence between ~300 to 500nm is collected. The performance of the instrument has been investigated in laboratory tests and field trials, using a range of biological agent simulants and interferents. An automated classification technique has been applied to assess the ability of the instrument to recognise potential threats against the natural background environment.
Mapping translation 'hot-spots' in live cells by tracking single molecules of mRNA and ribosomes (2016)

Messenger RNA localization is important for cell motility by local protein translation. However, while single mRNAs can be imaged and their movements tracked in single cells, it has not yet been possible to determine whether these mRNAs are actively translating. Therefore, we imaged single β-actin mRNAs tagged with MS2 stem loops colocalizing with labeled ribosomes to determine when polysomes formed. A dataset of tracking information consisting of thousands of trajectories per cell demonstrated that mRNAs co-moving with ribosomes have significantly different diffusion properties from non-translating mRNAs that were exposed to translation inhibitors. These data indicate that ribosome load changes mRNA movement and therefore highly translating mRNAs move slower. Importantly, β-actin mRNA near focal adhesions exhibited sub-diffusive corralled movement characteristic of increased translation. This method can identify where ribosomes become engaged for local protein production and how spatial regulation of mRNA-protein interactions mediates cell directionality.
Development of an Injectable Dopamine‐conjugated Poly(organophophazene) Hydrogel for Hemostasis (2016)

Hemostatic agents are important for minimizing blood loss to improve the patient status during surgery. Most currently used hemostatic agents have limitations such as poor adhesion in the presence of biological fluids, allergic response, and inflammation. We developed a dopamine‐conjugated injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to overcome these limitations through the application of a relatively safe hydrogel for biocompatibility, thermosensitivity to induce tight interactions, and mussel‐induced adhesion. Dopamine as a mussel inspired material was conjugated to an injectable thermosensitive poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel, which showed the potential for application as a hemostatic agent because of its high biocompatibility, injectability, slow mass loss, easy preparation, and hemostatic effect.
The Synthesis of Phenyl-substituted Triazole Analogs of Histamine (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Phenyl-substituted Triazole Analogs of HistamineJohn C. Sheehan and Charles A. RobinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1207–1210Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a098https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a098research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-Plane MEMS Shallow Arch Beam for Mechanical Memory (2016)

We demonstrate a memory device based on the nonlinear dynamics of an in-plane microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) clamped⁻clamped beam resonator, which is deliberately fabricated as a shallow arch. The arch beam is made of silicon, and is electrostatically actuated. The concept relies on the inherent quadratic nonlinearity originating from the arch curvature, which results in a softening behavior that creates hysteresis and co-existing states of motion. Since it is independent of the electrostatic force, this nonlinearity gives more flexibility in the operating conditions and allows for lower actuation voltages. Experimental results are generated through electrical characterization setup. Results are shown demonstrating the switching between the two vibrational states with the change of the direct current (DC) bias voltage, thereby proving the memory concept.
Generation and detection of terahertz radiation with multilayered electro-optic polymer films (2002)

We use optical rectification and electro-optic sensing to generate and detect terahertz radiation, using individual and multilayered stacks of electro-optic polymer films. For comparable thickness, the polymer films are more efficient generators and detectors of terahertz radiation than ZnTe crystals.
Efficacy, toxicity, and applicability of high-dose sequential chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer with 10 or more involved axillary nodes: five-year results. (1997)

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy, toxicity, and applicability of high-dose therapy administered as adjuvant initial treatment to women with breast cancer with extensive nodal involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients with stage II to III breast cancer involving > or = 10 axillary nodes received a novel high-dose sequential (HDS) regimen, including the high-dose administration of three non-cross-resistant drugs (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and melphalan) given within the shortest interval of time as possible with hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. RESULTS Sixty-three patients completed the program as planned, one patient died of acute toxicity, and three patients were switched to standard-dose adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up duration of 48.5 months and a lead follow-up of 78 months, actuarial relapse-free survival for all 67 registered patients is 57% and overall survival is 70%, respectively. Comparison with a historical control group of 58 consecutive patients showed a significantly superior rate of freedom from relapse for the HDS-treated group (57% v 41%, respectively), in particular when two subgroups of patients, more homogeneous for their number of involved nodes, were compared (65% v 42%). Overall, treatment was of short duration (median, 70 days), required a median of 32 days of hospital stay, and was associated with only a few severe side effects (the most distressing being oral mucositis after melphalan therapy). CONCLUSION HDS therapy emerges as an effective and applicable regimen, whose major toxicity was occasional. Final assessment of its value in a randomized, multicenter trial is presently underway.
Improvement of Early <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET Interpretation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Importance of the Reference Background (2010)

When assessing early response, particularly in risk-adapted therapeutic trials, it seems preferable to refer to a background tissue (liver) with a higher level of uptake than that of current international criteria (MBP) which were designed for end-of-treatment evaluation.
Miller Bibliography (1909)

Journal Article Miller Bibliography Get access T. F. U. T. F. U. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-XII, Issue 288, 3 July 1909, Pages 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-XII.288.1 Published: 03 July 1909
The Applied Materials xRLEAP ion implanter for ultra shallow junction formation (2002)

As semiconductor device design rule dimensions continue to shrink, there is a demand for transistor junction depths to decrease. New processes are required that involve lower energy implants but the reduced beam currents available due to space charge limits in beam generation and transport at these lower energies can limit productivity to such a level that other non-implant technologies become attractive. The Applied Materials xR80 implanter uses state of the art beam generation and extraction optics coupled to an open geometry, short beamline to produce enhanced performance to energies down to 2 keV. The xRLEAP significantly increases beam currents at these energies and further reduces the energies at which product worthy beam currents can be obtained by the use of high transmission energy retardation optics added to the xR80 system. The milliampere beam currents achieved down to energies of a few hundred electron volts will extend the capability of ion implantation to manufacture product worthy shallow junction devices.
The butterfly: a broadband, aerodynamic antenna for airborne missile scoring using impulse radar (2002)

A description is given of the butterfly antenna which provides an aerodynamic replacement for the resistively loaded cone, for use with an airborne impulse radar. The missile-sensing system is described, and antenna requirements and developments are discussed. Results of measured performance are presented. The butterfly antenna is shown to give a clean pulse, although the pulse radiated sideways does have significant overshoot. The elevation pattern is broader and the efficiency is slightly higher than that in cones previously used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Model Predictive Control for Vehicle Guidance in Presence of Sliding: Application to Farm Vehicles Path Tracking (2006)

One of the major current developments in agricultural machinery aims at providing farm vehicles with automatic guidance capabilities. With respect to standard mobile robots applications, two additional difficulties have to be addressed: firstly, since farm vehicles operate on fields, sliding phenomena inevitably occurs. Secondly, due to large inertia of these vehicles, small delays introduced by low-level actuators may have noticeable effects. These two phenomena may lower considerably the accuracy of path following control laws. In this paper, a vehicle extended kinematic model is first built in order to account for sliding phenomena. These latter effects are then taken into account within guidance laws, relying upon nonlinear control techniques. Finally, a Model Predictive Control strategy is developed to reduce the effects induced by actuation delays and vehicle large inertia. Capabilities of this control scheme is demonstrated via full scale experiments carried out with a farm tractor, whose realtime localization is achieved relying uniquely upon a RTK GPS sensor.
Crosslinking of copolymers containing <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‐dimethylacrylamide (1965)

Abstract Aqueous solutions of N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide–acrylic copolymers crosslink in the presence of peroxydisulfates at elevated temperature. It is shown that effectiveness of crosslinking depends on the amount of N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide present in the copolymer, being quite effective with as little as one unit of N , N ‐dimethylacrylamide in each eleven units of copolymer. Dilute solutions of these copolymers are slowly degraded initially by peroxydisulfate, and then begin to crosslink after a few minutes. Crosslinking is believed to proceed via sulfate‐ and hydroxyl‐radical attack of N ‐methyl in the polymers to yield N ‐methylol derivatives capable of crosslinking with other reactive sites.
Trapped charge-driven degradation of perovskite solar cells (2016)

Perovskite solar cells have shown unprecedent performance increase up to 22% efficiency. However, their photovoltaic performance has shown fast deterioration under light illumination in the presence of humid air even with encapulation. The stability of perovskite materials has been unsolved and its mechanism has been elusive. Here we uncover a mechanism for irreversible degradation of perovskite materials in which trapped charges, regardless of the polarity, play a decisive role. An experimental setup using different polarity ions revealed that the moisture-induced irreversible dissociation of perovskite materials is triggered by charges trapped along grain boundaries. We also identified the synergetic effect of oxygen on the process of moisture-induced degradation. The deprotonation of organic cations by trapped charge-induced local electric field would be attributed to the initiation of irreversible decomposition.
Dysphagia Screening: Contributions of Cervical Auscultation Signals and Modern Signal-Processing Techniques (2015)

Cervical auscultation is the recording of sounds and vibrations caused by the human body from the throat during swallowing. While traditionally done by a trained clinician with a stethoscope, much work has been put towards developing more sensitive and clinically useful methods to characterize the data obtained with this technique. The eventual goal of the field is to improve the effectiveness of screening algorithms designed to predict the risk that swallowing disorders pose to individual patients' health and safety. This paper provides an overview of these signal processing techniques and summarizes recent advances made with digital transducers in hopes of organizing the highly varied research on cervical auscultation. It investigates where on the body these transducers are placed in order to record a signal as well as the collection of analog and digital filtering techniques used to further improve the signal quality. It also presents the wide array of methods and features used to characterize these signals, ranging from simply counting the number of swallows that occur over a period of time to calculating various descriptive features in the time, frequency, and phase space domains. Finally, this paper presents the algorithms that have been used to classify this data into 'normal' and 'abnormal' categories. Both linear as well as non-linear techniques are presented in this regard.
The mechanics of the formation region of vortices behind bluff bodies (1966)

The characteristic lengths of the oscillating wakes of bluff bodies is discussed; in particular, those used in the universal non-dimensional frequencies proposed by Roshko (1954 b ) and Goldburg, Washburn & Florsheim (1965). It is concluded that these are equivalent at high Reynolds number. A closer examination leads to the conclusion that there are two simultaneous characteristic lengths; the scale of the formation region, and the width to which the free shear layers diffuse. Discussion of the mechanics of the formation region results in a physical basis for the determination of the frequency by these two characteristic lengths. The ideas developed are applied to the effects of splitter plates in the wake. The possibility of a high-Reynolds-number symmetrical formation region is suggested as an explanation of the very small lift values observed in the absence of free-stream disturbances.
Computer-generated diagnosis and image analysis. An Overview (1992)

Image analysis provides quantitative data on morphology, cytochemical and histochemical reactions, the location of specific events or reaction sites, and statistical descriptions of the spatial distribution of such events relative to histologic structure. Image analytic methodology in correlation with histopathologic knowledge bases is an essential component in the development of an objective basis for histopathologic diagnostic decision making.
RISK FACTORS FOR ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN HISTOCOMPATIBLE DONOR BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (1991)

We have analyzed factors associated with acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in 469 patients with histocompatible sibling donors between 1979 and 1987. Overall, 46 +/- 5% (95% confidence interval) developed clinical grade II-IV acute GVHD following transplantation. In univariate analysis, patient or donor age greater than or equal to 18 years was significantly associated with increased GVHD risks (greater than or equal to 18, 63 +/- 6% grade II-IV GVHD vs. less than 18, 27 +/- 6%, P less than .0001), without incremental risk in older adults. Univariate analysis showed that donor:recipient sex match and female:female transplants were associated with less-frequent GVHD. More frequent GVHD was associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia, cytomegalovirus seropositivity, and prior donor alloimmunity (pregnancy or transfusion). Additionally, the allele HLA-A26 was associated with increased risk of GVHD (72%, P = .005) while HLA-DR3 was associated with less GVHD (31%, P = .03). Stepwise multivariate analysis confirmed the increased GVHD risks associated with older recipient age, HLA-A26 and donor:recipient gender (not female:female) and the protective effect of HLA-DR3. Similar results were found using the different analytic technique of recursive partition analysis, which identified within the adult population the lowest GVHD risk in female recipients with nonalloimmunized female donors (20%), while other gender combinations had 68% acute GVHD, regardless of donor alloimmunity. In children (less than 18 years), lower GVHD risk accompanied donor:recipient sex-matched (18%) versus mismatched (33%) BMT. Clinical trials undertaken to lessen the hazards of GVHD must be designed with appropriate attention to these reproducibly identified clinical variables associated with different GVHD risks.
Fluorescent labeled anti‐EGFR antibody for identification of regional and distant metastasis in a preclinical xenograft model (2008)

These data suggest that cetuximab-Cy5.5 may have clinical utility in the detection and guided the removal of regional and distant micrometastasis.
Radioprotective Activity of Ethylcellulose Microspheres Containing WR 2721, after Oral Administration (1987)

Ethylcellulose microspheres containing WR 2721 were prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. No significant loss or degradation of this phosphorothioate was noted during preparation. Oral administration of these microspheres to mice gave an important lowering of WR 2721 toxicity and an enhancement of its radioprotective activity with a D.R.F. of about 1.7-1.8 over 2-3 h. This action is explained by the protection of WR 2721 from acid hydrolysis and degradation in the gastro-intestinal tract. The adsorption of a fraction of WR 2721 onto the surface of microspheres constitutes an inconvenience. This study confirms the interest of such carriers for providing important sustained radioprotection after oral administration.
Iridium(I) Complexes with Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Alkenes in Nonpolar Media (2013)

A series of lithium complexes of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes that contain a weakly coordinating borate moiety (WCA-NHC) was prepared in one step from free N-heterocyclic carbenes by deprotonation with n-butyl lithium followed by borane addition. The reaction of the resulting lithium-carbene adducts with [M(COD)Cl]2 (M = Rh, Ir; COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) afforded zwitterionic rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes of the type [(WCA-NHC)M(COD)], in which the metal atoms exhibit an intramolecular interaction with the N-aryl groups of the carbene ligands. For M = Rh, the neutral complex [(WCA-NHC)Rh(CO)2] and the ate complex (NEt4)[(WCA-NHC)Rh(CO)2Cl] were prepared, with the latter allowing an assessment of the donor ability of the ligand by IR spectroscopy. The zwitterionic iridium-COD complexes were tested as catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of alkenes, which can be performed in the presence of nonpolar solvents or in the neat alkene substrate. Thereby, the most active complex showed excellent stability and activity in hydrogenation of alkenes at low catalyst loadings (down to 10 ppm).
Multiphoton excited photoconductivity in polyfluorene (2007)

We investigate exciton dissociation from even- and odd-parity excited states in poly(9,9 dioctylfluorene) using multiphoton excitation of a photodiode device by femtosecond pulses with tunable photon energies. A transition from cubic to quadratic dependence of the photocurrent on the excitation intensity is observed with increasing photon energy. The cubic dependence is due to a three-photon process consisting of a two-photon absorption followed by further excitation to higher-lying states of weakly bound excitons through absorbing an extra photon. The quadratic dependence corresponds to a direct excitation to higher two-photon states of excitons that are more likely to dissociate into charge carriers. The transition from cubic to quadratic dependence between 2.05 and $2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ establishes the threshold for exciton dissociation from the even-parity states between 4.1 and $4.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The efficient direct dissociation of odd-parity excitons due to single-photon excitation is observed from $4.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}5.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$.
Efficient spectrum matching based on spectrum characteristics in cognitive radio systems (2008)

QoS is a very important issue in cognitive radio systems. We present and discuss spectrum matching algorithms to support QoS for cognitive radio users. This work is carried out in the context of a dynamic changing spectrum. In this paper, we propose efficient spectrum matching algorithms, which have low-complexity and quite good performance, based on statistical characteristics of spectrum bands. Those are classified random matching algorithm and greedy algorithm. The classified random matching algorithms would match the most suitable spectrum class to a proper user and randomly choose a spectrum within the class. And, using greedy algorithm, the best spectrum out of available spectrum bands will be chosen whenever a new user joins. The proposed algorithms provide QoS for cognitive radio systems through the reduction of spectrum handoff probability and improvement of fairness. Performance analysis and simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Microwave-Assisted Intramolecular [2 + 2] Allenic Cycloaddition Reaction for the Rapid Assembly of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,6-dienes and Bicyclo[5.2.0]nona-1,7-dienes (2005)

Microwave irradiation of alkynyl allenes affords an intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. This cycloaddition provides an efficient route to bicyclomethylenecyclobutenes. The reaction occurs with complete regioselectivity for the distal double bond of the allene for the selective formation of a variety of hetero- and carbocyclic substrates. Bicyclo[4.2.0]octadienes and bicyclo[5.2.0]nonadienes have been prepared in high yield. [reaction: see text]