gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broad-band amplitude-independent phase measuring system (1987)

A phase measuring system is described which can be used to obtain the cosine and sine of the phase difference between two input signals independent of input amplitude over a range of more than 60 dB. This approach, in which analogue multipliers are used as phase detectors, allows the user to measure both the magnitude and sign of phase without some of the disadvantages of conventional phase measuring systems based on digital phase detectors and the necessity of eliminating the amplitude information from the output of a system based on analogue multipliers. Test results on a system built for use in plasma wave experiments are presented.
Image compression by Gabor expansion (1991)

A compression technique based on a pyramidal expansion is presented. The elementary functions of the expansion form a class of pyramidal Gabor functions partitioning the frequency domain into different regions. Still images and moving image sequences are coded by Selecting and quantizing the coefficients in this expansion. Computer simulation of the proposed method show good quality reconstruction of both still images and image sequences.
High-Bandwidth ZTE Imaging with sub-Millisecond TR (2013)

Introduction Direct MRI of tissues with very short transverse relaxation times is commonly performed with 3D ultra-short echo time (UTE) sequences [1], which employ radial centre-out encoding. However, this technique is fundamentally limited due to the initial gradient ramp required to reach the desired gradient value after RF excitation. Thus encoding speed is lower in the k-space centre which is a drawback in the race against relaxation and also increases the susceptibility to off-resonance effects. Moreover, eddy currents during gradient ramping can impair image quality. The need to ramp up the gradient during acquisition is particularly limiting at high bandwidth (bw) as required for imaging short T2 samples at high resolution. In contrast, the related zero echo time (ZTE) technique [26] achieves immediate full encoding speed by setting the readout gradient before excitation with a short hard-pulse (Fig. 1). This approach shifts the hardware demands from the gradient to the RF domain, as the initial dead time Δ created by switching from RF transmit to receive operation makes ZTE data incomplete in the k-space centre. The relevant quantity in terms of robustness of image reconstruction is the relative k-space gap ∆ given in units of acquisition dwell time dw, hence ∆ increases with bw. ZTE imaging has been demonstrated for samples with T2s of several hundreds of μs in microscopy and animal applications [6-8]. Human applications, however, are currently hampered by the limited RF switching speed of clinical scanners. To overcome this issue, in this work very rapid transmit-receive (T/R) switching has been implemented for a human whole-body scanner, thus boosting achievable ZTE bandwidth. A further challenge of the ZTE technique arises from the need for large-bandwidth excitation which constrains the flip angle. Hence, to improve SNR efficiency, a high acquisition duty cycle was realised by minimising the repetition time (TR). With these measures, initial results were obtained for musculoskeletal imaging in healthy human volunteers.
A Review of Computational Modelling of Additive Layer, Manufacturing - Multi-Scale and Multi-Physics (2014)

This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in computational modelling of the Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) process, with a description and examples of models being developed at Swansea University, and a comparison to efforts from other commercial and academic organisations. As a process, ALM is strongly based on computational control and the production of net- shape parts, computational modelling is being used to understand and improve the process, as well as to create new and optimised functionality of components. Modelling efforts range from discrete element models of powder flow, to micro-and macro- scale models of the laser melt-pool, coupled thermal-structural models to predict residual stress, and automated optimisation methods for the development of new components. Modelling can also be used at a microstructural level for the prediction of the bulk properties. In all instances, the modelling is used with the purpose of increasing understanding to address known problems of the ALM process. Thus, as examples, residual stresses arise in metallic parts due to the requirement of building each layer from a base-plate with supports, and modelling can help reduce and optimise the support layout to produce as-built parts with minimal residual stress for maximum strength and minimum distortion. Understanding the heat transfer at the level of the melt-pool helps to reduce porosity and gas entrainment, as well as control the local heating rates which affect the formation of balling, which has been linked to surface roughness and also to porosity. If one looks at the evolution of computational models for casting as an indication of the way in which computation of modelling of ALM could be going, one of the long-term, but most highly coveted achievements would be a full process model, which allows the integration of micro- and macro-models of the process, with life-time component property prediction and the capability of simulating design and manufacturing iterations for a final component with optimised functionality.
Novel design methodology for high-performance XOR-XNOR circuit design (2004)

As we scale down to deep submicron (DSM) technology, noise is becoming a metric of equal importance as power, speed, and area. Smaller feature sizes, low voltage, and high frequency are some of the characteristics for DSM circuits. A novel design methodology for the design of energy-efficient noise-tolerant XOR-XNOR circuits that can operate at low voltages is proposed. The proposed circuits are characterized and compared with previously published circuits for reliability and energy efficiency. To test their driving capability, the proposed gates are implanted in an existing 5-2 compressor design and are shown to provide superior performance. The average noise threshold energy is used for quantifying the noise immunity. Simulation results show that the proposed circuits are more noise-immune and displays better power consumption results as well as power-delay product characteristics. Also, the circuits prove to be faster and successfully work at all ranges of supply voltage starting from 0.6 V to 3.3 V.
Bestow metal foams with nanostructured surfaces via a convenient electrochemical method for improved device performance (2016)

Metal foams have been intensively studied as three-dimensional (3-D) bulk mass-support for various applications because of their high conductivities and attractive mechanical properties. However, the relatively low surface area of conventional metal foams largely limits their performance in applications such as charge storage. Here, we present a convenient electrochemical method for addressing this problem using Cu foams as an example. High surface area Cu foams are fabricated in a one-pot one-step manner by repetitive electrodeposition and dealloying treatments. The obtained Cu foams exhibit greatly improved performance for different applications like surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates and 3-D bulk supercapacitor electrodes.
Experiments with an isolated subatomic particle at rest (1990)

The author discusses both philosophy and experimental evidence regarding subatomic particles at rest. The size and weight of subatomic particles are discussed. The author's views on composite electron and quartz models are presented. >
Development of a 85&amp;#x2232;115 GHz 90-deg phase shifter using corrugated square waveguide (2014)

A 90-deg differential phase shifter using corrugated square waveguide structure has been developed for 86 GHz band VLBI dual-circular polarization observation. The 90-deg phase shifter was designed to have two corrugated walls inside the square waveguide so that the vertically and horizontally polarized waves at the output port have phase differences of 90 ± 3.3 degrees across 85~115 GHz band. Measurements show that the return and insertion losses for both polarizations are better than 17 dB and ~0.2 dB, respectively. The axial ratio is estimated to be less than 0.6 dB within the required frequency band.
Compatibility test for coordination aspects of software components (2006)

Combining third party software components to customer-individual application systems requires first, standardized specification techniques for describing the technical as well as the business-related aspects of the services provided and required by the corresponding software components and second, automated compatibility tests in order to identify components fulfilling demands specified by component requestors. Adequate techniques for the specification of component services are consolidated in a multilayered specification framework, where formal notations are preferred in order to enable the execution of automated compatibility tests. These tests are a prerequisite for the existence of component markets where third party software components are traded and components that fulfil the specified demands are identified. This paper presents an algorithm for the layer of the specification framework where coordination aspects of a software component are described. On this layer an extension of the object constraint language (OCL) by temporal operators is used to specify the succession relationships between the services of related software components. Thereby the connections to other layers are tagged and existing tests are integrated.
SORBENT PERFORMANCE STUDY FOR CRUDE AND REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (1989)

ABSTRACT This paper presents information on the use of sorbents to contain and clean up crude oil and refined petroleum product spills on water and land. Sorbent literature sources have been reviewed, and information has been consolidated under contract to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper addresses types of sorbents, sorbent performance criteria, tests performed in previous studies, guidance on sorbent application, and profiles of generic types of organic, inorganic, and synthetic sorbents. It also considers, to a lesser degree, the use of sorbents on hazardous substances.
The solution structure of double helical arabino nucleic acids (ANA and 2′F-ANA): effect of arabinoses in duplex-hairpin interconversion (2012)

We report here the first structure of double helical arabino nucleic acid (ANA), the C2'-stereoisomer of RNA, and the 2'-fluoro-ANA analogue (2'F-ANA). A chimeric dodecamer based on the Dickerson sequence, containing a contiguous central segment of arabino nucleotides, flanked by two 2'-deoxy-2'F-ANA wings was studied. Our data show that this chimeric oligonucleotide can adopt two different structures of comparable thermal stabilities. One structure is a monomeric hairpin in which the stem is formed by base paired 2'F-ANA nucleotides and the loop by unpaired ANA nucleotides. The second structure is a bimolecular duplex, with all the nucleotides (2'F-ANA and ANA) forming Watson-Crick base pairs. The duplex structure is canonical B-form, with all arabinoses adopting a pure C2'-endo conformation. In the ANA:ANA segment, steric interactions involving the 2'-OH substituent provoke slight changes in the glycosidic angles and, therefore, in the ANA:ANA base pair geometry. These distortions are not present in the 2'F-ANA:2'F-ANA regions of the duplex, where the -OH substituent is replaced by a smaller fluorine atom. 2'F-ANA nucleotides adopt the C2'-endo sugar pucker and fit very well into the geometry of B-form duplex, allowing for favourable 2'F···H8 interactions. This interaction shares many features of pseudo-hydrogen bonds previously observed in 2'F-ANA:RNA hybrids and in single 2'F-ANA nucleotides.
Molecular dynamics simulation of sputter trench-filling morphology in damascene process (2002)

This article presents the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the influence of process parameters on sputter trench-filling morphologies in the damascene process. We focus not only upon the mechanisms of trench-filling formation, but also upon the coverage percentage at various transient states during the deposition process. The MD simulation includes a three-dimensional trench model and a deposition model, and uses the many-body, tight-binding potential method to represent the interatomic force acting between atoms. The results of the study indicate that an ideal trench-filling morphology, i.e., one in which the trench is completely filled, with no trapped voids, is most likely to occur as the incident energy of the deposited atom increases, and for higher substrate temperatures. It is found that the principal influence of an increased incident energy is to improve the migration ability of deposited atoms, particularly along the two sidewalls of the trench. This is beneficial since it alleviates the self-shadowing effect, thereby improving coverage of the trench bottom by deposited atoms, particularly in the corners. An increased substrate temperature is influential in improving the fluidity of the atoms deposited within the trench. This promotes the filling of the voids which tend to form at the intermediate stage of the deposition process. Finally, it is found that of the two process parameters investigated in this study, the filling pattern of the trench is most strongly influenced by the incident energy of the deposited atoms.
54‐2: Displays with Integrated Microcamera Arrays for Image Capture and Sensing (2021)

Arrays of miniature, lower resolution cameras can be integrated within microLED displays to provide high resolution image capture using computational imaging. Integrated camera arrays eliminate can eliminate gaze parallax in videoconferencing and eliminate the need for camera bezels while maintaining attractive thinness and flexibility. Integrated camera arrays also enable valuable new capabilities beyond video‐taking, including soft‐programmable camera perspective, light field capture, touch sensing and hover sensing.
Draft Genome Sequence of High-Melanin-Yielding Aeromonas media Strain WS (2012)

We sequenced the genome of the high-melanin-yielding Aeromonas media strain WS and then analyzed genes potentially involved in melanin formation. The 4.2-Mb draft genome carries multiple genes responsible for pyomelanin synthesis and other candidate genes identified in our separate study, which have no homolog in other strains of Aeromonas species.
The Design of Liquid Scintillation Cells (1952)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. L. Garwin; The Design of Liquid Scintillation Cells. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 December 1952; 23 (12): 755–757. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746152 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Highly phosphorescent green emitting iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes for application in OLEDs (2014)

Phenanthrimidazole based iridium(<sc>iii</sc>) complexes show good performance in terms of brightness and power and current efficiencies.
Enhancing Effect of Lipids and Emulsifiers on the Accumulation of Quercetin Metabolites in Blood Plasma after the Short-term Ingestion of Onion by Rats (2003)

The effects of co-ingested lipids and emulsifiers on the accumulation of quercetin metabolites in blood plasma after the short-term ingestion of onion by rats were investigated. Plasma extracts of rats that had been fed onion-containing diets for one and two weeks were analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection after a treatment with sulfatase/beta-glucuronidase. Almost all of the quercetin metabolites in the plasma were sulfate/glucuronide conjugates of quercetin and isorhamnetin. More than 4.6% (w/w) of soybean oil in the diets significantly enhanced the accumulation of quercetin metabolites in the plasma. Fish oil and beef tallow increased this to an extent similar to that with soybean oil, and lecithin was more effective than the other three lipids. Two emulsifiers, sodium caseinate and sucrose fatty acid ester, also showed an enhancing effect on the accumulation of quercetin metabolites. These results indicate that co-ingested lipids and emulsifiers could enhance the bioavailability of quercetin glucosides in onion.
Temperature contrasts in the water column inferred from amplitude‐versus‐offset analysis of acoustic reflections (2005)

We show that seismic amplitude‐versus‐offset (AVO) analysis can be used to remotely quantify the temperature contrasts responsible for acoustic reflections in the ocean. We inferred the sound speed and density contrasts associated with two reflections in the Norwegian Sea by comparing their AVO response to that predicted by the Zoeppritz equations. Estimates of temperature contrasts were calculated from sound speed contrasts using Wilson's equation and compared with in situ temperature measurements from coincident expendable bathythermographs (XBTs). A strong reflection from Line 9 is best explained by a −6 m/s step in sound speed, corresponding to a temperature decrease of ∼1.5°C. A weaker reflection from Line 11 yielded a sound speed contrast of −1.2 m/s, corresponding to a temperature decrease of ∼0.3°C. The inferred temperature contrasts match those found in XBT data remarkably well. L1‐norm misfits between predicted and calculated values indicate that the acoustic impedance contrasts are principally controlled by sound speed contrasts, rather than density contrasts. AVO analysis offers an accurate and robust technique for estimating sound speed (and therefore temperature) contrasts in the water column.
Development of Processes for Metaphosphate Productions (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of Processes for Metaphosphate ProductionsRaymond L. Copson, Gordon R. Pole, and William H. BaskervillCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 1, 26–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50385a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts
Arterial functions: how to interpret the complex physiology (2010)

Arterial pressure is a cyclic phenomenon characterized by a pressure wave oscillating around the mean blood pressure, from diastolic to systolic blood pressure, defining the pulse pressure. Aortic input impedance is a measure of the opposition of the circulation to an oscillatory flow input (stroke volume generated by heart work). Aortic input impedance integrates factors opposing LV ejection, such as peripheral resistance, viscoelastic properties and dimensions of the large central arteries, and the intensity and timing of the pressure wave reflections, associated with the opposition to LV ejection influenced by inertial forces. The two most frequently used methods of arterial stiffness are measurement of PWV and central (aortic or common carotid artery) pulse wave analysis, recorded directly at the carotid artery or indirectly in the ascending aorta from radial artery pressure curve. The arterial system is heterogenous and characterized by the existence of a stiffness gradient with progressive stiffness increase (PWV) from ascending aorta and large elastic proximal arteries to the peripheral muscular conduit arteries. Analysis of aortic or carotid pressure waveform and amplitude concerns the effect of reflected waves on pressure shape and amplitude, estimated in absolute terms, augmented pressure in millimetre of mercury, or, in relative terms, 'augmentation index' (Aix in percentage of pulse pressure). Finally, if the aortic PWV has the highest predictive value for prognosis, the aortic or central artery pressure waveform should be recorded and analysed in parallel with the measure of PWV to allow a deeper analysis of arterial haemodynamics.
Online Behavioral Advertising: A Literature Review and Research Agenda (2017)

Advertisers are increasingly monitoring people's online behavior and using the information collected to show people individually targeted advertisements. This phenomenon is called online behavioral advertising (OBA). Although advertisers can benefit from OBA, the practice also raises concerns about privacy. Therefore, OBA has received much attention from advertisers, consumers, policymakers, and scholars. Despite this attention, there is neither a strong definition of OBA nor a clear accumulation of empirical findings. This article defines OBA and provides an overview of the empirical findings by developing a framework that identifies and integrates all factors that can explain consumer responses toward OBA. The framework suggests that the outcomes of OBA are dependent on advertiser-controlled factors (e.g., the level of personalization) and consumer-controlled factors (e.g., knowledge and perceptions about OBA and individual characteristics). The article also overviews the theoretical positioning of OBA by placing the theories that are used to explain consumers' responses to OBA in our framework. Finally, we develop a research agenda and discuss implications for policymakers and advertisers.
A GSM LNA using mutual-coupled degeneration (2005)

This letter presents a low noise amplifier (LNA) input impedance matching technique using mutual coupled inductors. This scheme not only provides the required input impedance matching but also interstage impedance transformation for the cascoded transistor. The mutual coupled inductors also help to improve the circuit's reverse isolation. A 900-MHz global system for mobile communication LNA using this technique is designed and fabricated using 0.35-μm standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. It achieves a 17-dB gain, 3.4-dB noise figure, and -5.1-dBm IIP3. The LNA draws 5.6 mA from a single 2.3-V power supply.
Sodium Enhanced Oxidation of Si-Face 4H-SiC: A Method to Remove Near Interface Traps (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.