gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for Measuring Plasma Hemoglobin in Micromolar Concentration Compared (1992)

Of eight methods examined for measuring plasma hemoglobin in micromolar concentration, all exhibited acceptable linearity, reproducibility, and concurrence except when specimens were icteric or lipemic or contained methemoglobin or methemalbumin. Measurement of absorbance at 578 nm with an Allen correction permits precise assay of plasma oxyhemoglobin concentration as low as 0.01 g/L (1 mg/dL, 0.16 mumol/L), unaffected by hyperlipidemia or hyperbilirubinemia. Discrepancies between methods occurred in 11.6% of a consecutive series of 50 nonicteric patients' plasma specimens. Examination of absorption spectra is helpful when discrepancies are observed between methods. The presence of methemalbumin or methemoglobin in plasma is not recognized by methods that measure only oxyhemoglobin. Increased ceruloplasmin or beta-carotene does not significantly affect results.
Image indexing and retrieval based on human perceptual color clustering (2002)

We propose a new image retrieval method based on human perceptual clustering of color images. This color clustering produces for each image a small set of representative colors which captures the color properties of the image, and a small set of sizable contiguous regions which captures the spatial/geometrical properties of the image. The proposed method outperforms the traditional histogram and its improved methods not only with its richer image retrieval capabilities which cover a wider spectrum of user requirements, but also with its powerful indexing scheme which is essential to cater for large scale image databases.
PERSONAL CONSTRUCT PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE COGNITIVE THERAPIES: DIFFERENT IN THEORY BUT CAN THEY BE DIFFERENTIATED IN PRACTICE? (1999)

This article delineates differences between personal construct psychotherapy and rationalist cognitive therapy at a theoretical level and in the nature of the therapeutic relationship and presents an empirical investigation of these differences. Transcripts of sessions of the two forms of therapy were blindly differentiated by leading proponents of the therapies concerned. Significant differences between the therapies were demonstrated on the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale, the Hill Counselor Verbal Response Category System, the Toukmanian System of Levels of Client Processing, and the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Scores on these measures were also found to be differentially related to measures of tightness of construing and direction of interest in the two therapies. To exemplify differences in process between the two therapies, their approach to the resistant client is considered.
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Structural Motifs: From Solution to Gas Phase (2014)

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is involved in important metabolic reactions where the biological function is intrinsically related to changes in conformation. In the present work, FAD conformational changes were studied in solution and in gas phase by measuring the fluorescence decay time and ion-neutral collision cross sections (CCS, in a trapped ion mobility spectrometer, TIMS) as a function of the solvent conditions (i.e., organic content) and gas-phase collisional partner (i.e., N2 doped with organic molecules). Changes in the fluorescence decay suggest that FAD can exist in four conformations in solution, where the abundance of the extended conformations increases with the organic content. TIMS-MS experiments showed that FAD can exist in the gas phase as deprotonated (M = C27H31N9O15P2) and protonated forms (M = C27H33N9O15P2) and that multiple conformations (up to 12) can be observed as a function of the starting solution for the [M + H](+) and [M + Na](+)molecular ions. In addition, changes in the relative abundances of the gas-phase structures were observed from a "stack" to a "close" conformation when organic molecules were introduced in the TIMS cell as collision partners. Candidate structures optimized at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) were proposed for each IMS band, and results showed that the most abundant IMS band corresponds to the most stable candidate structure. Solution and gas-phase experiments suggest that the driving force that stabilizes the different conformations is based on the interaction of the adenine and isoalloxazine rings that can be tailored by the "solvation" effect created with the organic molecules.
IL2-Ricin Fusion Toxin Is Selectively Cytotoxic in Vitro to IL2 Receptor-Bearing Tumor Cells (1995)

Fusion toxins consist of peptide ligands linked through amide bonds to polypeptide toxins. The ligand directs the molecule to the surface of target cells and the toxin enters the cytosol and induces cell death. Ricin toxin is an excellent candidate for use in fusion toxins because of its extreme potency, the extensive knowledge of its atomic structure, and the years of experience with RTA chemical conjugates in clinical trials. We synthesized a baculovirus transfer vector with the polyhedrin promoter followed sequentially from the 5' end with DNA encoding the gp67A leader sequence, the tripeptide ADP, IL2, another ADP tripeptide, and RTB. Recombinant baculovirus was generated in Sf9 insect cells and used to infect Sf9 cells. Recombinant IL2-RTB protein was recovered at high yields from day 5 insect cell supernatants, partially purified by affinity chromatography, and characterized. The recombinant product was soluble and immunoreactive with antibodies to RTB and IL2, bound asialofetuin and lactose, and reassociated with RTA. In the presence of lactose to block galactose-binding sites on RTB, the IL2-RTB-RTA heterodimer was selectively cytotoxic to IL2 receptor, bearing cells. Specific cytotoxicity could be blocked with IL2. Thus, we report a novel targeted plant toxin fusion protein with full biological activity.
Pyrrole antibacterial agents. 2. 4,5-Dihalopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrrole antibacterial agents. 2. 4,5-Dihalopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid derivativesDenis M. Bailey and Robert E. JohnsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 11, 1300–1302Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00269a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00269a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views626Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options (2016)

The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud's attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient's quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.
Evolution of MHC-based technologies used for detection of antigen-responsive T cells (2017)

T cell-mediated recognition of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class I and II molecules is crucial for the control of intracellular pathogens and cancer, as well as for stimulation and maintenance of efficient cytotoxic responses. Such interactions may also play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Novel insights into this mechanism are crucial to understanding disease development and establishing new treatment strategies. MHC multimers have been used for detection of antigen-responsive T cells since the first report by Altman et al. showed that tetramerization of pMHC class I molecules provided sufficient stability to T cell receptor (TCR)-pMHC interactions, allowing detection of MHC multimer-binding T cells using flow cytometry. Since this breakthrough the scientific community has aimed for expanding the capacity of MHC multimer-based detection technologies to facilitate large-scale epitope discovery and immune monitoring in limited biological material. Screening of T cell specificity using large libraries of pMHC molecules is suitable for analyses of T cell recognition potentially at genome-wide levels rather than analyses restricted to a selection of model antigens. Such strategies provide novel insights into the immune specificities involved in disease development and response to immunotherapy, and extend fundamental knowledge related to T cell recognition patterns and cross-recognition by TCRs. MHC multimer-based technologies have now evolved from detection of 1-2 different T cell specificities per cell sample, to include more than 1000 evaluable pMHC molecules using novel technologies. Here, we provide an overview of MHC multimer-based detection technologies developed over two decades, focusing primarily on MHC class I interactions.
Processing of CuInSe{sub 2}-based solar cells: Characterization of deposition processes in terms of chemical reaction analyses. Phase I annual report, 6 May 1995--5 May 1996 (1997)

An interdisciplinary team of five graduate students and four faculty have made considerable progress during Phase I of this program. The objective of this initiative is to develop a high-rate processing sequence to produce device-quality thin films of CI(G)S(Se). A comprehensive CI(G)S(Se) device fabrication capability is being established that includes thermal evaporation and plasma assisted deposition of CI(G)S(Se), rapid thermal processing, DC sputtering of both undoped and doped ZnO, CBD and MOCVD of CdS, and rf sputtering of Mo. Insight into the materials processing issues is being addressed through assessment of the thermochemistry and phase equilibria of the CI(G)S(Se) system, single crystal growth studies, investigation of Na effects on the growth, and detailed materials characterization.
Funnel functions in linear and nonlinear appraisal (1983)

This paper presents new methods for appraising the nonuniqueness inherent in linear and nonlinear inverse problems. The usual approach of constructing unique averages of the model is abandoned in favor of computing upper and lower bounds to inner products of the model with exact boxcar functions of variable width. The bounds are found by extremizing a suitable objective function in a linear programing problem. Information about the average value of the model is presented in terms of funnel functions and uncertainty functions. In an alternate approach, information about the model averages is summarized by global bound curves. These functions are upper and lower bounds to the indefinite integral of the model, and they provide, at a glance, insight about the resolving power of the data. Once computed, they can also be used to generate approximate funnel functions. The methods presented here are also applicable to the nonlinear problem, but first a reformulation is necessary so that a global norm of the model can be extremized. This has been done, but the global extremum is achieved only through iteration. Consequently, the potential difficulties arising from nonconvergence of a linearized algorithm and possible convergence to a local, rather than global, extremum are ever present. As an example of the nonlinear problem, I have analyzed the magnetotelluric responses taken near an ocean spreading center in the Pacific. The data are shown to possess very poor resolving power, and hence the large variability seen in acceptable models is now understood.
An automated method for DNA preparation from thousands of YAC clones (1991)

We describe an automated method for the preparation of yeast genomic DNA capable of preparing thousands of DNAs in parallel from a YAC library. Briefly, the protocol involves four steps: (1) Yeast clones are grown in the wells of 96-well microtiter plates with filter (rather than plastic) well-bottoms, which are embedded in solid growth media; (2) These yeast cultures are resuspended and their concentrations determined by optical density measurement; (3) Equal numbers of cells from each well are embedded in low-melting temperature agarose blocks in fresh 96-well plates, again with filter bottoms; and (4) DNA is prepared in the agarose blocks by a protocol similar to that used for preparing DNA for pulsed-field gels, with the reagents being dialyzed through the (filter) bottoms of the microtiter plate. The DNA produced by this method is suitable for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, for restriction enzyme digestion, and for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using this protocol, we produced 3000 YAC strain DNAs in three weeks. This automated procedure should be extremely useful in many genomic mapping projects.
Development and Characterization of Ink for an Electrostatic Ink Jet Printer (1977)

This paper reviews the development of the ink for an electrostatic ink jet printer. It discusses the formulation logic, test procedures, failure analyses, and problem resolutions. The variables that influence the jet printing process and print quality are defined, and their relationship to specific formulations is discussed. Also considered are the relationships between formulation variables and failure modes inherent in the ink.
A Support Vector Approach to Censored Targets (2007)

Censored targets, such as the time to events in survival analysis, can generally be represented by intervals on the real line. In this paper, we propose a novel support vector technique (named SVCR) for regression on censored targets. SVCR inherits the strengths of support vector methods, such as a globally optimal solution by convex programming, fast training speed and strong generalization capacity. In contrast to ranking approaches to survival analysis, our approach is able not only to achieve superior ordering performance, but also to predict the survival time very well. Experiments show a significant performance improvement when the majority of the training data is censored. Experimental results on several survival analysis datasets demonstrate that SVCR is very competitive against classical survival analysis models.
Incontinence in the Climacteric (1990)

Each issue of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology is a complete symposium on one or two timely topics of interest in obstetrics and gynecology. For each quarterly issue, two prominent guest editors solicit contributions on key clinical topics of interest to practicing physicians. Procedures, current clinical problems, medical and surgical treatments, and effective diagnostic aids are all carefully reviewed in original articles. The result is an instructive resource that dispenses trustworthy clinical guidance that enhances your understanding of key areas of your practice.
A probe method for soil water sampling and subsurface measurements (1981)

A technique employing lightweight driving and sampling equipment to obtain interstitial soil water samples is described. It can also be used for hydraulic conductivity, temperature, and water pressure measurements. The sampler consists of a probe, with a shield, a porous metal filter and a check valve which are connected to the surface by plastic tubing inside standard EW or A drill rod. The water sample is collected with a bailer lowered inside the tubing from the surface. The tubing can then be cleared and sealed without pulling the drill rod and the sampler driven to the next depth. A method of estimating the probe shape factor is given. Some of the difficulties unique to sampling interstitial water in thawed subsea permafrost are discussed.
Wavelet packets-based image coding using joint space-frequency quantization (2002)

A novel quantization scheme targeted at jointly optimizing the spatial and frequency characterization of the wavelet representation of images was introduced in Xiong et al. (1993) for image compression applications. The present authors extend the concept of joint space-frequency quantization (SFQ) to the more flexible class of wavelet packet representations (Coifman and Wickerhauser, 1992), which are a generalization of the multiresolution decomposition using the wavelet transform. They propose a fast algorithm to jointly search for the best wavelet packet basis and space-frequency quantizer, presenting empirical evidence of its high performance (e.g., for the "Barbara" image coded at 0.5 b/p, they get a 0.7 dB gain in PSNR over the fixed-wavelet based SFQ of Xiong et al. and 1.5 dB over Shapiro's embedded wavelet coder (Shapiro, 1993)).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
rePLay: A Hardware Framework for Dynamic Program Optimization (1999)

In this paper, we propose a new framework for enhancing application performance through execution-guided optimization. The rePLay Framework uses information gathered at run-time to optimize an application&apos;s instruction stream. Some of these optimizations persist temporarily for only a single execution, others persist between runs. The heart of the rePLay Framework is a trace-cache like device called the frame cache, used to store optimized regions of the original executable. These regions, called frames, are large, single-entry, single-exit regions spanning many basic blocks in the program&apos;s dynamic instruction stream. Optimizations are performed on these frames by a flexible optimizer contained within the processor. A rePLay configuration with a 256-entry frame cache, using realistically-sized frame constructor and frame sequencer achieves an average frame size of 88 instructions with 68% coverage of the dynamic istream, an average frame completion rate of 97.81%, and a frame predict...
Scaling laws and minimum threshold currents for quantum-confined semiconductor lasers (1988)

Basic scaling laws are derived for bulk, two-dimensional (quantum well) and one-dimensional (quantum wire) semiconductor lasers. Starting from quantum derivation of the optical properties of confined carriers, the dimensional dependencies of the scaling laws are made explicit. Threshold currents of ∼100 and 2–3 μA are predicted for single quantum well and quantum wire lasers, respectively. The basic considerations of this analysis were used recently to obtain ultralow threshold quantum well lasers [P. L. Derry, A. Yariv, K. Lau, N. Bar-Chaim, K. Lee, and J. Rosenberg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1773 (1987)].
Ontology-Based Retrieval of Human Speech (2007)

As part of the general growth and diversification of media in different modalities, the presence of information in the form of human speech in the world-wide body of digital content is becoming increasingly significant, in terms of both volume and value. We present a semantic- based search model for human speech corpora, stressing the search for meanings rather than words. Our framework embraces the complete recognition/retrieval cycle, from word spotting to semantic annotation, query processing, and search result presentation.
ACC/AHA/SCAI Practice Guidelines, February 21, 2006 (2006)

Class I: Conditions for which there is evidence for and/or general agreement that a given procedure or treatment is beneficial, useful, and effective.
Variants of subtilisin BPN' with altered specificity profiles (1994)

A strategy for increasing the size of the S4 binding pocket was used to improve the specificity of subtilisin BPN' toward substrates with large hydrophobic P4 side chains. This approach involves single and double amino acid replacements at positions 104, 107, and 126. Previously, alteration of I107 to glycine has been found to increase the specificity of subtilisin toward leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine as P4 residues by up to 214-fold. Replacement of Y104 by alanine also yields a similar improvement in specificity. However, this subtilisin variant favors isoleucine and phenylalanine over leucine. When L126 was replaced by valine, alanine, and glycine, respectively, only the L126A subtilisin variant, which possesses a 28-fold-increased catalytic efficiency for isoleucine compared with all other substrates tested, showed a significantly improved specificity profile. As inferred from the double-mutant enzymes I107G/L126V, I107G/L126A, and I107G/Y104A, none of the effects of the single amino acid replacements on the kinetic parameters are additive. The I107G/L126V mutant subtilisin has the largest improvement in P4 substrate specificity reported so far: kcat/KM is increased 340-fold for leucine compared to alanine. By contrast, the specificity profile of the I107G/Y104A mutant enzyme is impaired in comparison with that of the corresponding single mutants. Therefore, the design of high-specificity subtilisin variants through the combination of single amino acid replacements in the S4 pocket appears to be nontrivial due to the interference of the introduced structural changes.
The effects of immunomodulation by macrophage subsets on osteogenesis in vitro (2016)

These results suggest that a transient inflammatory phase is crucial for enhanced bone formation. Macrophage plasticity may offer new strategies for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment with the aim of potentially enhancing bone repair.