gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Field Poled Organic Electro-optic Materials: State of the Art and Future Prospects (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectric Field Poled Organic Electro-optic Materials: State of the Art and Future ProspectsLarry R. Dalton*, Philip A. Sullivan, and Denise H. BaleView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195* Fax: +1-206-616-8602. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1, 25–55Publication Date (Web):October 22, 2009Publication History Received2 February 2009Published online22 October 2009Published inissue 13 January 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9000429https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9000429review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9666Altmetric-Citations851LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromophores,Electric fields,Materials,Optical properties,Order Get e-Alerts
FROM ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION (1915)

FROM ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION Stephen Smith CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.5.1.29 Published Online: August 30, 2011
The LOX and LOXL2 amine oxidases in colon and esophageal cancer (2003)

Several members of the lysyl oxidase family of copper-dependent amine oxidases have been implicated in tumor development. The Iysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like 2 (LOXL2) genes have been mapped to chromosomal regions affected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in several cancers, including those of the colon and esophagus. Indeed, there have been numerous reports of reduced LOX and a few reports of reduced LOXL2 expression in various cancers. Identification of microsatellite markers within the LOX locus and the LOXL2 gene allowed for evaluation ofthe status of these gene alleles in colon and esophageal tumors. There was significant LOH of the LOX locus in colon tumors that was accompanied by reduced mRNA expression and a spectrum of alterations and mutations affecting the LOX gene. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that genetic events, namely LOH, deletions and mutations ofthe LOX gene, were responsible, at least partly, for the reduction of LOX gene expression. There was also significant LOH of the LOXL2 gene in both colon and esophageal tumors. However, instead of a reduction of LOXL2 expression, there was increased expression that correlated with less differentiated tumors and absent elastosis, both indicators of poor prognosis. Further studies indicated that both LOX and LOXL2 are absent in non-invasive tumor cell lines but re-expressed in invasive cell lines, likely as part of the thelial-mesenchymal transition that occurs in the last steps of tumorigenesis to facilitate metastasis. The results presented and research strategy outlined in this dissertation will define the importance of LOXL2 amine oxidase activity and protein interactions in the critical but poorly understood process oftumor cell migration and invasion.
Development of a Digitally Compensated Saw Oscillator (DCSO) to Provide Temperature Stable Frequency. (1984)

A single circuit board Digitally Compensated SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) Oscillator(DCSO) running at 300 MHz demonstrated 30 parts per million temperature stability over a portion of its temperature range. A thick film hybrid controller circuit, for use in the DCSO, was designed and tested. This circuit, referred to as the AFIT IC, consists of two commercial TTL prescalers and a custom NMOS integrated circuit. The TTL prescaler circuits of the AFIT IC were found to be operational, but the failure of the NMOS controller IC to meet design criteria prevented demonstration of a fully integrated DCSO. Off board control circuitry was designed, using portions of the AFIT IC (including part of the NMOS chip), to continue the project. The DCSO was then calibrated and tested over a 0 to 70 degrees Centigrade range. Calibration and testing were facilitated by computer interfaces to the DCSO, and electronic thermometer, and a frequency counter. Despite erroneous temperature behavior of one oscillator loop, compensation to within 30 parts per million over a portion of the temperature range was accomplished for the 300 MHz DCSO. Originator-supplied keywords include: Crystal oscillators, Oscillators, Surface waves, Acoustic waves, Frequency stabilizers, Compensation, and Phase shift circuits. (Thesis).
A second eukaryotic group with mitochondrion-encoded tmRNA (2013)

In bacteria, stalled ribosomes are rescued by transfer-mRNA (tmRNA) that catalyzes two steps. First, a non-encoded alanine is added to the incomplete polypeptide chain by the tRNA (Ala) -like portion of tmRNA, and second, the ribosome switches to the mRNA-like domain of tmRNA, thus resuming protein synthesis. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded mt-tmRNA is so far only known from jakobid protists, but we posit that the corresponding ssrA gene may also reside in other mtDNAs. Here we present a highly sensitive covariance model built from jakobid ssrA genes that identifies previously unrecognized ssrA homologs in mtDNAs of oomycetes. These genes, located in previously unassigned genomic regions, are circular permuted as in α-Protobacteria, implying that pre-tmRNA is processed and the two pieces are held together by non-covalent interactions. RNA-Seq data from Phytophthora sojae confirm predicted processing sites as well as post-transcriptional addition of 3' CCA, a prerequisite for tmRNAs to be charged with alanine by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. Structure modeling of oomycete tmRNAs infers that the mRNA-like domain is lacking as in jakobids. Features of mitochondrial tmRNAs include the G-U pair at position three of the acceptor stem, a hallmark of bacterial tmRNAs, and a T-loop sequence that differs from that of standard tRNAs and most bacterial tmRNAs, forming alternative, virtually isosteric tertiary interactions with the D-loop. The anticodon stem has two additional G-A base pairs formed between the D-loop and the variable region, shortening the length of the variable region to a single nucleotide.
Visual prognosis factors analysis of scleral buckling for primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (2011)

Background Many surgical techniques are used to improve the postoperative visual acuity for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)during recent decade,and scleral buckling surgery is one of these operations.Whether the visual function after operation can be rescued is an important issue. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors of influencing the postoperative vision following scleral buckling surgery for primary macula-off RRD. Methods The clinical and follow-up data from consecutive series of 116 eyes of 116 patients received scleral buckling surgery for primary maeula-off RRD were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship of multiple factors,including age,preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),duration of disease,refractive error,location of retinal hole,number of retinal hole,area and height of retina detachment,management of subretinal fluid and intravitreal gas injection,with visual acuity were analyzed respectively by χ2 test.The correlations among statistically significant factors with postoperative vision were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Written informed consent was obtained from any patient before surgery. Results The postoperative vision outcome was found with significantly difference among different preoperative vision groups(P=0.002)and different course (P=0.009).There were significant differences between the groups with different preoperative BCVA(P=0.002)and duration of disease(P=0.009).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative BCVA was the only variable affecting postoperative visual result(r=0.400,P=0.009).Considerable linear correlation wag seen between preoperative vision and postoperative vision(r= 0.400,P=0.000).The probability with postoperative vision of t>0.4 in the eyes with preoperative≥0.05 was 3 folds more than that of preoperative<0.05(OR=2.992).The better visual outcome after scleral buckling surgery was seen in the eyes with the course≤7 days. Conclusion Preoperative BCVA and duration of disease are the key factors associated with the postoperative BCVA.Scleral buckling surgery should be performed within the first week for primary macula-off RRD.

Key words: 
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; Macula; Scleral buckling; Visual acuity
An improved acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT) used to detect spherocytes in pregnancy (1987)

The acidified glycerol lysis test (Zanella et al, 1980) had proved unreliable in our hands. We now report the test to be stable and reliable when conducted at 37 degrees C rather than at ambient laboratory temperature as used by earlier workers. With this modification, blood samples were tested from 167 pregnant subjects. Forty-eight were less than 26 weeks pregnant and gave normal AGLT values (T50 greater than 1800 s) while of 119 more than 26 weeks pregnant 57 (48%) gave shortened T50 values indicative of the presence of spherocytes.
Proteases in blood clotting (2002)

The serine proteases, cofactors and cell-receptor molecules that comprise the haemostatic mechanism are highly conserved modular proteins that have evolved to participate in biochemical reactions in blood coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. Blood coagulation is initiated by exposure of tissue factor, which forms a complex with factor VIIa and factor X, which results in the generation of small quantities of thrombin and is rapidly shutdown by the tissue factor pathway inhibitor. The generation of these small quantities of thrombin then activates factor XI, resulting in a sequence of events that lead to the activation of factor IX, factor X and prothrombin. Sufficient thrombin is generated to effect normal haemostasis by converting fibrinogen into fibrin. The anticoagulant pathways that regulate blood coagulation include the protein C anticoagulant mechanism, the serine protease inhibitors in plasma, and the Kunitz-like inhibitors, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and protease nexin 2. Finally, the fibrinolytic mechanism that comprises the activation of plasminogen into plasmin prevents excessive fibrin accumulation by promoting local dissolution of thrombi and promoting wound healing by reestablishment of blood flow.
Cross-sectional study of reverse transcriptase-inhibiting antibody as a marker of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1989)

A cross-sectional study of 128 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was conducted to determine the correlation of reverse transcriptase-inhibiting (RTI) antibody to clinical disease. Thirty-two individuals were studied in each of four clinical groups: asymptomatic individuals, those with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, and those with AIDS. Our study showed that 78% of asymptomatic individuals, 53% of those with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, 50% of those with AIDS-related complex, and only 25% of those with AIDS have RTI antibody. Concurrent measurement of measles antibody level was used as an indicator of the immune status of these individuals. Measles antibody did not decline in persons with clinical disease, but asymptomatic individuals had lower antibody titers, possibly due to hypergammaglobulinemia associated with advanced HIV infection. These results indicate that more HIV-infected asymptomatic individuals than symptomatic individuals have RTI antibody. This suggests either that the RTI antibody level decreases with the progression of disease in HIV infection or that symptomatic individuals do not produce RTI antibody. The presence or absence of RTI antibody can thus be used as a marker of advanced disease.
Effect of Calcium and Copper on Zinc Absorption in the Rat (1980)

The effect of cupric and calcium ions on zinc absorption was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. In in vivo studies test solutions containing 7.5 mM 65ZnCl2 alone or in combination with 500 mM of either CuSO4 or CaCl2 were administered intraduodenally to three groups of rats. 2 h later the animals were sacrificed and their organ 65Zn content was determined. The results of these studies revealed that excess cupric ions had no effect on the 65Zn content of rat internal organs, whereas excess calcium ions decreased organs 65Zn content to 40%. Similar results were obtained in in vitro studies using three sets of rat jejunal sacs each filled with one of the above test solutions and incubated in oxygenated Eagle's medium. To investigate the reason(s) for the observed decreased rate of zinc absorption in the presence of excess luminal calcium, we examined zinc transport in 6 sets of jejunal sacs using six test solutions, each containing 7.5 mM 65ZnCl2 with 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, or 62.5 mM CaCl2. These experiments showed that 65Zn transport from mucosa to serosa was decreased by 40% in the presence of 25.0 mM CaCl2 but lower calcium concentrations had no effect on zinc transport. Increasing the luminal calcium concentration from 25 to 62.5 mM did not cause a further significant decrease in the rate of zinc transport. These results strongly suggest that zinc absorption in the rat is mediated by a transcellular transport process different from that which mediates copper and calcium absorption. The fact that calcium has been shown to reduce passive cation movements via shunt pathways in the gallbladder mucosa suggests the possibility that calcium in high luminal concentration may depress zinc absorption by reducing the passive component of jejunal zinc absorption.
Tissue-specific promoters of the <i>α</i> human folate receptor gene yield transcripts with divergent 5′ leader sequences and different translational efficiencies (1997)

The alpha human folate receptor (alphahFR), or KB cell folate receptor, gene contains two major promoters that produce transcripts, KB1 and KB4, varying only in the length and sequence of their 5' untranslated regions (UTRs). Using RNase protection assays specific for each isoform, we show that the level of expression of these two transcripts is tissue-specific, indicating that promoter usage is regulated, not constitutive. RNA stabilities and translational efficiencies of the KB1 and KB4 transcripts were compared to determine the functional significance of the different 5' UTRs. Analyses of RNA turnover in vivo with actinomycin D to block new transcription and in vitro with a cytoplasmic extract indicate no discernible differences in the stabilities of the two transcripts. However, the KB4 transcript is 2-3-fold more efficiently translated in wheat germ extracts in vitro and transfected CHO cells in vivo. Also, high ionic strength, which favours the formation of RNA secondary structure, differentially affects the translational efficiencies of the two transcripts. Translation of the longer KB1 mRNA is 2-5-fold more inhibited by hypertonic conditions than translation of the KB4 mRNA. Because the 5' UTR of KB1 is approximately four times longer than the 5' UTR of KB4, 149 bp (75%) of the KB1 5' UTR were deleted to determine whether the long leader sequence inhibited translation. The resulting derivative, dKB1, has a 5' UTR similar in length, but not sequence, to the 5' UTR of KB4. dKB1 is translated at a level approaching that of KB4 in wheat germ extracts, indicating that the upstream portion of the 5' leader sequence contributes to the relative translational inefficiency of KB1. Hence, one consequence of tissue-specific promoter usage is the production of alphahFR transcripts with different 5' non-coding regions that affect translational efficiency.
Reproducibility of Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Plaque Occurrence, Thickness, and Morphology (1997)

Population screening using B-mode ultrasound provides a valuable means for the detection and morphological evaluation of carotid plaques, whereas measurements of plaque thickness are subject to considerable measurement error.
Structure features of imidazole derivatives that enhance styrene oxide hydrolase activity in rat hepatic microsomes (1985)

The present study is an investigation of the in vitro effects of several model imidazole compounds and three antifungal drugs on styrene oxide hydrolase activity in hepatic microsomes from control, PB-induced, and 3MC-induced rats. We first determined the influence of the position of substitution of a phenyl group in the imidazole or imidazoline ring on the ability of 10(-3) M concentration of the imidazole derivative to enhance microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity. This study showed that 1-phenylimidazole enhanced epoxide hydrolase activity to the greatest extent and that, for any one imidazole derivative, the extent of enhancement was similar for microsomes from untreated, PB-induced, or 3MC-induced rats. We next studied the potency and maximum effectiveness of several N-1-substituted imidazole derivatives with differing lipophilicities and pKa values. Hansch analysis showed that potency for activating epoxide hydrolase correlated with both lipophilicity and electron-withdrawing effects of imidazole ring substituents. The most potent compounds had aryl or aralkyl substitutents at the 1-position of imidazole and pKa in the range 7-9 and were clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, 1-benzylimidazole, and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazole. These compounds enhanced styrene oxide hydrolase by 100% at concentrations less than 2 X 10(-4)M. 1-Benzylimidazole increased both Km and Vmax and abolished the inhibition observed at high concentrations of styrene oxide.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of the catalpol‐related iridoid glucosides, verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6‐<i>O</i>‐veratroyl catalpol in rat plasma (2009)

Verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6-O-veratroyl catalpol are bioactive iridoid glucosides isolated from in a number of folk medicinal plants. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6-O-veratroyl catalpol in rat plasma was developed. The analytes were extracted from 50 microL of rat plasma with ethyl acetate using 7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxyflavone as internal standard and analyzed on an X-Bridge C(18) column within 6.5 min with 40% methanol in 10 mm ammonium formate (pH 3.0). The analytes were quantified using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The standard curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 10-2000 ng/mL for verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol and catalposide and 20-2000 ng/mL for 6-O-veratroyl catalpol. The coefficients of variation and relative errors of verproside, isovanilloylcatalpol, catalposide and 6-O-veratroyl catalpol for intra- and inter-assay at four quality control levels were 2.5-8.0 and-4.0-6.6%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of verproside and its possible metabolite isovanilloylcatalpol after intravenous administration of verproside, a candidate anti-asthma drug, in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Construction of a temperature‐controlled diffusion phantom for quality control of diffusion measurements (2009)

The present work demonstrates that the diffusion phantom facilitates and improves the comparison and quality control of diffusion sequences and the ensuing parameters. The results show that an accurate temperature control is a vital prerequisite for highly reproducible calibration measurements. As such, the phantom might provide a valuable calibration tool for clinical studies.
Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region (1994)

Reports of 62 cases with a movement disorder associated with a focal lesion in the thalamus and/or subthalamic region were analyzed. Thirty-three cases had a lesion confined to the thalamus. Sixteen cases had a thalamic lesion extending into the subthalamic region and/or midbrain. Thirteen cases had a lesion in the subthalamic region or a subthalamic lesion extending into the midbrain. Nineteen cases with dystonia, 18 with asterixis, 17 with ballism-chorea, three with paroxysmal dystonia, and five with clonic or myorhythmic movements have been described. No case with isolated tremor has been described. In 53 cases with unilateral thalamic or subthalamic lesions, all but one with bilateral blepharospasm (associated with right posterior thalamic, pontomesencephalic, and bilateral cerebellar lesions) had dyskinesias in the limbs contralateral to the lesion. The other nine cases had bilateral paramedian thalamic lesions; seven developed bilateral dyskinesias, and the remaining two had unilateral dyskinesias. Regarding the 19 patients with dystonia, the two with bilateral blepharospasm had thalamic and upper brainstem lesions, and one with hemidystonia and torticollis had a subthalamic lesion. The other 16 patients all had a unilateral thalamic lesion with contralateral dystonia (10 hemidystonia, five focal dystonia affecting a hand and/or and one segmental dystonia involving face, arm, and hand). The exact location of the thalamic lesion was mentioned in 10 cases; the posterior or posterolateral thalamus was involved in six and the paramedian thalamus in four. These areas are more posterior or medial to the ventrolateral and ventroanterior thalamic nuclei, which receive pallido-thalamic and nigro-thalamic afferents. Two cases developed dystonia immediately after thalamotomy, and one case developed it 4 days after head trauma. The others initially had a hemiplegia and developed dystonia 1-9 months after the acute insult. Fifteen of the 17 patients with chorea had a unilateral lesion in the subthalamic nucleus or subthalamic region (eight due to infarcts, one to hemorrhage, five to mass lesions, and one to multiple sclerosis). All had contralateral hemichorea or hemiballism. One other case had bilateral chorea of the hands and tongue due to paramedian thalamic infarction. Another case with generalized chorea and thalamic atrophy was complicated by stereotaxic surgery. Thirteen of the 18 cases with asterixis had lesions confined to the thalamus. Eight were associated with thalamotomy, and five others had a stroke (four infarction and one hemorrhage) affecting the contralateral thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Seamless Stitching of Graphene Domains on Polished Copper (111) Foil (2014)

Seamless stitching of graphene domains on polished copper (111) is proved clearly not only at atomic scale by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron micoscopy (TEM), but also at the macroscale by optical microscopy after UV-treatment. Using this concept of seamless stitching, synthesis of 6 cm × 3 cm monocrystalline graphene without grain boundaries on polished copper (111) foil is possible, which is only limited by the chamber size.