gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy in biology and biomedicine (2012)

In order to gain better understanding of the behavior of complex biological systems, it is sometimes necessary to monitor biological samples in their native state and in their physiological environments. However, until recently, bioscientists have been unable to obtain real-space images of biological and biochemical structures in their physiological aqueous environments with a resolution better than the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy, which is approximately 350 nm. The invention of the atomic force microscope by Binnig, Quate and Gerber in 1986 brought new hope in this area. Modifications and improvements to the atomic force microscope in the past two decades have enabled the observation of biological samples from large structures, such as hair and whole cells, down to individual molecules of nucleic acids and proteins with submolecular resolution. This review introduces the basic principles of atomic force microscopy and recent developments in its applications in biological and biochemical research, including those in the fields of virology, bacteriology, cell biology and nucleic acid, protein and peptide studies, as well as electrostatic measurements in biological samples.
Surface finishing of aluminium alloys containing graphite and zircon particles. (1986)

En utilisant une procedure d'attaque micrographique et de decapage, des pieces moulees en alliage d'aluminium peuvent etre revetues par depot electrolytique, en vue de cacher les particules de surface qui peuvent alterer l'aspect visuel
<i>RyR2</i>QQ2958 Genotype and Risk of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias (2016)

Ventricular arrhythmias are one of the most common causes of death in developed countries. The use of implantable cardiac defibrillators is the most effective treatment to prevent sudden cardiac death. To date, the ejection fraction is the only approved clinical variable used to determine suitability for defibrillator placement in subjects with heart failure. The purpose of this study was to assess whether genetic polymorphisms found in the ryanodine receptor type 2 (Q2958R) and histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (S96A) might serve as markers for arrhythmias. Genotyping was performed in 235 patients treated with defibrillator for primary and secondary prevention of arrhythmias. No significant association was found between the S96A polymorphism and arrhythmia onset, whereas the QQ2958 genotype in the ryanodine receptor gene was correlated with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias. Concurrent stressor conditions, such as hypertension, seem to increase this effect. Our findings might help to better identify patients who could benefit from defibrillator implantation.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β regulates ΔNp63 gene transcription through the β‐catenin signaling pathway (2008)

Overexpression of DeltaNp63 has been observed in a number of human cancers, suggesting a role for DeltaNp63 in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we show that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) by lithium chloride (LiCl) elicited a stimulatory effect on DeltaNp63 promoter activity in HEK 293T cells. Exposure to LiCl induced DeltaNp63 promoter activation as well as DeltaNp63 protein expression in the cells. The effect of GSK-3beta on DeltaNp63 expression was further confirmed by the use of two highly specific GSK-3beta inhibitors, SB216763 and SB415286. Further study showed the presence of a putative beta-catenin responsive element (beta-catenin-RE) in the DeltaNp63 promoter region, and the stimulation of DeltaNp63 promoter activity by GSK-3beta inhibitor is markedly abolished by mutation or deletion of the putative beta-catenin-RE. Data are also presented to show that beta-catenin acts together with Lef-1 to influence DeltaNp63 promoter activity and protein expression.
A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK TO INCORPORATE SOFT QUERY INTO IMAGE RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS (2001)

Abstract: We explore the use of soft computing and user defined classifications in multimedia database systems for content-based queries. With multimedia databases, due to subjectivity of human perception, an object may belong to different classes with different probabilities (“soft ” membership), as opposed to “hard ” membership supported by conventional database systems. Therefore, we propose a unified model that captures both hard and soft memberships. In practice, however, our model significantly increases the computation complexity (both online and off-line) and the storage complexity of content-based queries. Previously, we introduced a novel fuzzy-logic based aggregation technique to address the online computation complexity. In this paper, we propose novel techniques to cluster sparse user profiles (i.e., items with missing data) to reduce both the off-line computation complexity and the storage complexity. 1
COMPARTMENTS: unification and visualization of protein subcellular localization evidence (2014)

Information on protein subcellular localization is important to understand the cellular functions of proteins. Currently, such information is manually curated from the literature, obtained from high-throughput microscopy-based screens and predicted from primary sequence. To get a comprehensive view of the localization of a protein, it is thus necessary to consult multiple databases and prediction tools. To address this, we present the COMPARTMENTS resource, which integrates all sources listed above as well as the results of automatic text mining. The resource is automatically kept up to date with source databases, and all localization evidence is mapped onto common protein identifiers and Gene Ontology terms. We further assign confidence scores to the localization evidence to facilitate comparison of different types and sources of evidence. To further improve the comparability, we assign confidence scores based on the type and source of the localization evidence. Finally, we visualize the unified localization evidence for a protein on a schematic cell to provide a simple overview. Database URL: http://compartments.jensenlab.org.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Contribute to Diabetes Resistance in Glucagon Receptor–Deficient Mice (2013)

Mice genetically deficient in the glucagon receptor (Gcgr(-/-)) show improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and α-cell hyperplasia. In addition, Gcgr(-/-) mice do not develop diabetes after chemical destruction of β-cells. Since fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has insulin-independent glucose-lowering properties, we investigated whether FGF21 was contributing to diabetes resistance in insulin-deficient Gcgr(-/-) mice. Plasma FGF21 was 25-fold higher in Gcgr(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. FGF21 was found to be expressed in pancreatic β- and α-cells, with high expression in the hyperplastic α-cells of Gcgr(-/-) mice. FGF21 expression was also significantly increased in liver and adipose tissue of Gcgr(-/-) mice. To investigate the potential antidiabetic actions of FGF21 in insulin-deficient Gcgr(-/-) mice, an FGF21-neutralizing antibody was administered prior to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). FGF21 neutralization caused a decline in glucose tolerance in insulin-deficient Gcgr(-/-) mice during the OGTT. Despite this decline, insulin-deficient Gcgr(-/-) mice did not develop hyperglycemia. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) also has insulin-independent glucose-lowering properties, and an elevated circulating level of GLP-1 is a known characteristic of Gcgr(-/-) mice. Neutralization of FGF21, while concurrently blocking the GLP-1 receptor with the antagonist Exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39), resulted in significant hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient Gcgr(-/-) mice, while blocking with Ex9-39 alone did not. In conclusion, FGF21 acts additively with GLP-1 to prevent insulinopenic diabetes in mice lacking glucagon action.
New understandings and achievements from independent-injector drive experiments on HIT-SI (2010)

The Helicity Injected Torus-Steady Inductive (HIT-SI) experiment investigates steady inductive helicity injection with the aim of forming and sustaining a high-beta equilibrium in a spheromak geometry using two semi-toroidal injectors. Results of experiments with unequal helicity injection rates produced the highest spheromak current (38 kA), current amplification ( I tor / I inj_quad ≈ 2) and poloidal flux amplification (ψ pol /ψ inj_quad > 6) to date. Single-injector operations establish a preferred direction of generated spheromak current for each injector depending on the sign of the injected helicity and its orientation relative to the confinement volume. Yet, the HIT-SI injectors prefer to drive opposing spheromak currents because they are mounted on opposite sides of the confinement volume. Single-injector operations also eliminate the spontaneous spheromak current flipping observed during dual-injector operations.
Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1994)

Neurospectroscopy measures a neuronal marker, energy and redox state, specific fuels of tissue respiration, maturation, and possibly myelination. It provides diagnostic patterns of altered neurochemistry. Current clinical uses range from intensive care in neonates to dementia in the elderly and include tumor and stroke management, prognosis in hemorrhage and trauma, white matter, inflammatory diseases, and AIDS. Inborn errors, metabolic and systemic diseases, subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, hyponatremia, and "coma" have been elucidated. Automation, single-voxel MRS, chemical shift imaging, quality control, and outcome analyses are discussed. With no remaining impediments to clinical use, neurospectroscopy has changed the way we look at diseases of the brain.
Kangaroo care: research results, and practice implications and guidelines. (1994)

Results of two studies of the effects of 2 to 3 hours of kangaroo care (KC), one a randomized trial of 25 premature infants in open-air cribs and the other a pilot of 6 premature infants who were at least 24 hours postextubation, who were cared for in incubators are reviewed. Both studies incorporated a pretest/posttest control group design. Heart rate and abdominal skin temperature rose for KC infants during KC. Heat loss did not occur during KC, and infants slept more during KC. Kangaroo care had a comforting effect on infants and their mothers. Apnea and periodic breathing episodes dropped during KC for incubator infants. Suggestions and guidelines for selection of infants and practice based on these studies are presented.
Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (2012)

This recommendation statement applies to women who have a cervix, regardless of sexual history. This recommendation statement does not apply to women who have received a diagnosis of a high-grade precancerous cervical lesion or cervical cancer, women with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol, or women who are immunocompromised (such as those who are HIV positive).The USPSTF recommends screening for cervical cancer in women aged 21 to 65 years with cytology (Papanicolaou smear) every 3 years or, for women aged 30 to 65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval, screening with a combination of cytology and HPV testing every 5 years. See the Clinical Considerations for discussion of cytology method, HPV testing, and screening interval (A recommendation).The USPSTF recommends against screening for cervical cancer in women younger than age 21 years (D recommendation).The USPSTF recommends against screening for cervical cancer in women older than age 65 years who have had adequate prior screening and are not otherwise at high risk for cervical cancer. See the Clinical Considerations for discussion of adequacy of prior screening and risk factors (D recommendation).The USPSTF recommends against screening for cervical cancer in women who have had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and who do not have a history of a high-grade precancerous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3) or cervical cancer (D recommendation).The USPSTF recommends against screening for cervical cancer with HPV testing, alone or in combination with cytology, in women younger than age 30 years (D recommendation).
Gas Atomization of Molten Metal: Part I. Numerical Modeling Conception (2016)

This numerical analysis study entails creating and assessing a model that is capable of simulating molten metal droplets and the production of metal powder during the Gas Atomization (GA) method. The essential goal of this research aims to gather more information on simulating the process of creating metal powder. The model structure and perspective was built through the application of governing equations and aspects that utilized factors such as gas dynamics, droplet dynamics, energy balance, heat transfer, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics that were proposed from previous studies. The model is very simple and can be broken down into having a set of inputs to produce outputs. The inputs are the processing parameters such as the initial temperature of the metal alloy, the gas pressure and the size of the droplets. Additional inputs include the selection of the metal alloy and the atomization gas and factoring in their properties. The outputs can be designated by the velocity and thermal profiles of the droplet and gas. These profiles illustrate the speed of both as well as the rate of temperature change or cooling rate of the droplets. The main focus is the temperature change and finding the right parameters to ensure that the metal powder is efficiently produced. Once the model was conceptualized and finalized, it was employed to verify the results of other previous studies.
cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)-based chemotherapy as initial treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. (1980)

During the past 2--3 years, a total of 73 patients with advanced head and neck cancer (mostly stage IV) were treated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) as initial therapy, either alone or in combination with other agents. After chemotherapy, the patients received surgery and/or radiation therapy in standard fashion. Major degrees of tumor regression were seen in 40%--71% of the patients. cis-Platinum and bleomycin given by infusion gave the highest response rate (71%). The addition of high-dose methotrexate to cis-platinum plus bleomycin produced an unacceptable level of toxicity. Similarly, a four-drug regimen in which low-dose methotrexate and vinblastine were added to cis-platinum and bleomycin resulted in increased toxicity without additional therapeutic effect. Initial chemotherapy does not compromise subsequent surgery or increase either the immediate complications of surgery or the acute toxicity of radiation therapy. It seems unlikely that initial chemotherapy has altered the grim prognosis of an advanced, inoperable presentation. The effect of initial chemotherapy on advanced, operable disease will have to be assessed by suitable controlled trials.
Efficient linear three-dimensional camera motion estimation method with applications to video coding (1998)

In this paper, we describe a method for estimating and compensating 3D camera motion in image sequences for applications to video coding systems. To improve the coding efficiency, a two-stage motion compensation (MC) method is used, consisting of global MC for predicting camera motion and local MC for predicting object motion. For global MC, a new linear motion parameter model is presented to describe the camera motion parameters: zoom, pan, tilt, swing, and focal length. To estimate camera motion parameters based on the proposed model, the mixed least squares-total least squares (LS-TLS) method is used. The proposed estimation procedure consists of feature correspondence establishment, finding the parameters by fitting the correspondence data to the proposed model equation, and outliers rejection to reduce feature matching error. Unlike the existing linear techniques, the proposed method accurately estimates even the large rotation angles and the focal length. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods under identical conditions, especially for large rotation images.
Disruption of a novel gene, <i>DIRC3,</i> and expression of <i>DIRC3‐HSPBAP1</i> fusion transcripts in a case of familial renal cell cancer and t(2;3)(q35;q21) (2003)

Previously, we identified a family with renal cell cancer and a t(2;3)(q35;q21). Positional cloning of the chromosome 3 breakpoint led to the identification of a novel gene, DIRC2, that spans this breakpoint. Here we have characterized the chromosome 2 breakpoint in detail and found that another novel gene, designated DIRC3, spans this breakpoint. In addition, we found that the first two exons of DIRC3 can splice to the second exon of HSPBAP1, a JmjC-Hsp27 domain gene that maps proximal to the breakpoint on chromosome 3. This splice results in the formation of DIRC3-HSPBAP1 fusion transcripts. We propose that these fusion transcripts may affect normal HSPBAP1 function and concomitant chromatin remodeling and/or stress response signals within t(2;3)(q35;q21)-positive kidney cells. As a consequence, familial renal cell cancer may develop.
Automatic Text Scoring Using Neural Networks (2016)

Automated Text Scoring (ATS) provides a cost-effective and consistent alternative to human marking. However, in order to achieve good performance, the predictive features of the system need to be manually engineered by human experts. We introduce a model that forms word representations by learning the extent to which specific words contribute to the text’s score. Using Long-Short Term Memory networks to represent the meaning of texts, we demonstrate that a fully automated framework is able to achieve excellent results over similar approaches. In an attempt to make our results more interpretable, and inspired by recent advances in visualizing neural networks, we introduce a novel method for identifying the regions of the text that the model has found more discriminative.
False-positive reduction technique for detection of masses on digital mammograms: Global and local multiresolution texture analysis (1997)

We investigated the application of multiresolution global and local texture features to reduce false-positive detection in a computerized mass detection program. One hundred and sixty-eight digitized mammograms were randomly and equally divided into training and test groups. From these mammograms, two datasets were formed. The first dataset (manual) contained four regions of interest (ROIs) selected manually from each of the mammograms. One of the four ROIs contained a biopsy-proven mass and the other three contained normal parenchyma, including dense, mixed dense/fatty, and fatty tissues. The second dataset (hybrid) contained the manually extracted mass ROIs, along with normal tissue ROIs extracted by an automated Density-Weighted Contrast Enhancement (DWCE) algorithm as false-positive detections. A wavelet transform was used to decompose an ROI into several scales. Global texture features were derived from the low-pass coefficients in the wavelet transformed images. Local texture features were calculated from the suspicious object and the peripheral subregions. Linear discriminant models using effective features selected from the global, local, or combined feature spaces were established to maximize the separation between masses and normal tissue. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the classifier performance. The classification accuracy using global features were comparable to that using local features. With both global and local features, the average area, Az, under the test ROC curve, reached 0.92 for the manual dataset and 0.96 for the hybrid dataset, demonstrating statistically significant improvement over those obtained with global or local features alone. The results indicated the effectiveness of the combined global and local features in the classification of masses and normal tissue for false-positive reduction.
Unconventional Chiral Fermions and Large Topological Fermi Arcs in RhSi (2017)

The theoretical proposal of chiral fermions in topological semimetals has led to a significant effort towards their experimental realization. In particular, the Fermi surfaces of chiral semimetals carry quantized Chern numbers, making them an attractive platform for the observation of exotic transport and optical phenomena. While the simplest example of a chiral fermion in condensed matter is a conventional |C|=1 Weyl fermion, recent theoretical works have proposed a number of unconventional chiral fermions beyond the standard model which are protected by unique combinations of topology and crystalline symmetries. However, materials candidates for experimentally probing the transport and response signatures of these unconventional fermions have thus far remained elusive. In this Letter, we propose the RhSi family in space group No. 198 as the ideal platform for the experimental examination of unconventional chiral fermions. We find that RhSi is a filling-enforced semimetal that features near its Fermi surface a chiral double sixfold-degenerate spin-1 Weyl node at R and a previously uncharacterized fourfold-degenerate chiral fermion at Γ. Each unconventional fermion displays Chern number ±4 at the Fermi level. We also show that RhSi displays the largest possible momentum separation of compensative chiral fermions, the largest proposed topologically nontrivial energy window, and the longest possible Fermi arcs on its surface. We conclude by proposing signatures of an exotic bulk photogalvanic response in RhSi.
Tuning of Metal Work Function with Organic Carboxylates and Its Application in Top-Emitting Electroluminescent Devices (2007)

By fine-tuning of work functions and thus the hole-injection properties of Ag and Al anodes, an electroluminescent device was achieved by using various self-assembled monolayers of organic carboxylate on the electrode surfaces. The IR spectra evidenced different binding behaviors of the carboxylates on Ag and Al. A correlation between the change in work function with the effective dipole moment along the surface normal and the currents in the hole-only devices was observed. These self-assembled-monolayer-modified metals were used as anodes in the fabrication of top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TOLEDs). The TOLED with the Ag anode modified by the perfluoroalkanoate exhibited a luminous efficiency as high as 18 cdA(-1), superior to that of the Ag2O-based device. With Al as the anode, the highest luminous efficiency was merely 6 cdA(-1) and decayed rapidly. The poorer EL property and performance of Al-based TOLEDs could be attributed to the weaker ionic bindings of carboxylates on Al and the weaker microcavity effect resulting from the inferior reflectivity of Al as compared to Ag.
개혁개방이후의 중국 미디어 발전에 관한 연구 -문화소프트파워와 미디어소프트파워를 중심으로- (2015)

문화와 미디어는 불가분의 관계에 있다. 문화 소프트파워의 업그레이드는 한 국가의 포괄적인 국력의 향상을 보여주며, 국제사회에서 국가의 위상을 향상시키는데 도움이 된다. 미디어 소프트파워는 문화 소프트파워의 발전을 증진하는 중요한 힘의 근원이다. 중국에서 개혁개방이 시작된 이래로, 광범위한 경제개발의 가속화는 미디어 하드파워와 소프트파워간의 발전의 분리와 문화발전에 대한 악영향을 가져왔다. 이로 인해 지구촌의 범람하는 미디어 홍수시대에 서있는 중국 미디어산업의 현 위치는 문화 소프트파워와 미디어 소프트파워가 중국 미디어발전의 전체적인 힘을 강화하는 중요한 요소임을 인식해야 한다. 본 논문은 미디어 소프트파워와 문화 소프트파워에 대한 개요를 기반으로 문화 소프트파워와 미디어소프트파워를 강화하는 것이, 중국 미디어 산업의 발전을 촉진하는 주요한힘의 근원임을 논하고자 한다.
ORGANISING RURAL WOMEN: The Experience of TRAC (1992)

(1992). ORGANISING RURAL WOMEN: The Experience of TRAC. Agenda: Vol. 8, Rural Women Development pawns Abortion Rights, pp. 9-19.