gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane Capacitive Deionization with Constant Current vs Constant Voltage Charging: Which Is Better? (2018)

Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) can be typically operated with constant voltage (CV) or constant current (CC) mode in the charging stage. While a series of previous studies have compared both charging modes to identify the better operating mode, neither their performance evaluation protocols were consistent, nor did their conclusions unanimously converge. This study presents a new framework to evaluate and compare MCDI performance, considering the kinetic efficiency, the energetic efficiency, and the intrinsic trade-off between the two. A key prerequisite for making rational comparison of performance between MCDI operations is that the operations being compared should all result in the same target adsorption. With this key prerequisite and the new evaluation framework based on the trade-off curve between kinetic and energetic efficiencies, our experimental assessment and theoretical analysis suggest that whether CC or CV charging is more efficient is strongly dependent on the target adsorption and, to a less extent, on the kinetic rate of charging. However, the advantage in energy or kinetic efficiency of one charging mode over that of the other is relatively small in all cases. Our study also reveals that, for a given MCDI system, there exist regimes of target adsorptions and kinetic rates that can only be achieved by either CC or CV charging, or even regimes that can be achieved by neither charging mode. In summary, this study revises our current understanding regarding the comparison of the two typical charging modes in MCDI, and introduces a new framework for comparing the performance of different MCDI and CDI operations.
Time-dependent Laudau theory of charge-density waves in transition-metal dichalcogenides (1975)

A time-dependent Landau theory is proposed for the transition-metal dichalcogenides coupling the motion of the charge-density waves to the electron liquid. The dissipative terms are related to the metallic resistance. The "phason" or "phonon" excitations of the charge-density wave are found to be overdamped. Resistive anomalies are predicted in the normal state.
Modeling and analysis of micro-ring based silicon photonic interconnect for embedded systems (2011)

Recent advances in silicon photonic device and fabrication technologies make silicon photonic interconnect a promising communication fabric to address the inter-core and inter-die interconnect challenges for future embedded many-core processors. Informed design decisions in silicon photonic interconnection require optimization of performance, power efficiency, and reliability for different application scenarios. Optimizing these network and system metrics require understanding of silicon photonics device characteristics. However, existing design space exploration methodologies rely on time-consuming electromagnetic simulations or measurement of fabricated devices. In this paper, we introduce analytical models of devices, explore their design spaces, and apply them to different applications. The analytical models consist of parametrized transfer-matrices, with parameters categorized as fabrication-induced parameters and design parameters. Fabrication-induced parameters can be calibrated against measurements of fabricated devices to achieve high accuracy, whereas design parameters help in extrapolating the device characteristics. We develop and calibrate analytical models of widely used passive and doped micro-ring resonators. Three case studies of silicon photonic interconnects are discussed to represent different embedded applications and quantify the design trade-offs including performance requirements, power efficiency, and reliability constraints from the network system level.
Key Gaps for Enabling Plant Growth in Future Missions (2017)

Growing plants to provide food or psychological benefits to crewmembers is a common vision for the future of human spaceflight, often represented in media and in serious concept studies. The complexity of controlled environment agriculture, and plant growth in microgravity have and continue to be the subject of dedicated scientific research. However, actually implementing these systems in a way that will be cost effective, efficient, and sustainable for future space missions is a complex, multi-disciplinary problem. Key questions exist in many areas: human medical research in nutrition and psychology, horticulture, plant physiology and microbiology, multi-phase microgravity fluid physics, hardware design and technology development, and system design, operations and mission planning. This paper describes key knowledge gaps identified by a multi-disciplinary working group within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It also begins to identify solutions to the simpler questions identified by the group based on work initiated in 2017. Growing plants to provide food or psychological benefits to crewmembers is a common vision for the future of human spaceflight, often represented in media and in serious concept studies. The complexity of controlled environment agriculture, and plant growth in microgravity have and continue to be the subject of dedicated scientific research. However, actually implementing these systems in a way that will be cost effective, efficient, and sustainable for future space missions is a complex, multi-disciplinary problem. Key questions exist in many areas: human medical research in nutrition and psychology, horticulture, plant physiology and microbiology, multi-phase microgravity fluid physics, hardware design and technology development, and system design, operations and mission planning. This paper describes key knowledge gaps identified by a multi-disciplinary working group within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It also begins to identify solutions to the simpler questions identified by the group based on work initiated in 2017.
Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication on modern architectures (2012)

Sparse matrix-sparse/dense matrix multiplications, spgemm and csrmm, respectively, among other applications find usage in various matrix formulations of graph problems. Considering the difficulties in executing graph problems and the duality between graphs and matrices, computations such as spgemm and csrmm have recently caught the attention of HPC community. These computations pose challenges such as load balancing, irregular nature of the computation, and difficulty in predicting the output size. It is even more challenging when combined with the GPU architectural constraints such as memory accesses, limited shared memory, strict SIMD and thread execution. To address these challenges on a GPU, we evaluate three possible variations of matrix multiplication (Row-Column, Column-Row, Row-Row) and perform suitable optimizations targeted at sparse matrices. Our experiments indicate that the Row-Row formulation, which mostly outperforms the other formulations, is 3.5x faster on average compared to an optimized multi-core implementation in the Intel MKL library. We extend the Row-Row formulation to a CPU+GPU hybrid algorithm that simultaneously utilizes the CPU also. In this direction, we present heuristics to find the right amount of work division between the CPU and the GPU. Our hybrid row-row formulation of the spgemm operation performs 5.5x faster on average when compared to the optimized multi-core implementation in the Intel MKL library. Our experience indicates that it is difficult to identify right amount of work division between the CPU and the GPU. We therefore investigate a subclass of sparse matrices, band matrices, and present an analytical method to identify a good work division when multiplying two band matrices. Our GPU csrmm operation performs 2.5x faster on average when compared to a corresponding implementation in the cusparse library, which outperforms the Intel MKL library implementation.
Detection of pH Change in Cytoplasm of Live Myocardial Ischemia Cells via the ssDNA-SWCNTs Nanoprobes (2014)

Myocardial ischemia is featured by a significant increase in the cytoplasm proton concentration, and such a proton change may be applied as an index for earlier ischemic heart disease diagnostics. But such a pH change in a live heart cell is difficult to monitor as a normal fluorescent probe cannot specifically transport into the cytoplasm of an ischemic cell. This is because the heart cell contains condensed myofibrils which are tight barriers for a normal probe to penetrate. We design fluorescent probes, single-strand DNA wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes (ssDNA-SWCNTs), where the ssDNA is labeled by the dye molecule hexachloro-6-carboxyfluorescein (HEX). This nanoprobe could transport well into a live heart cell and locate in the cytoplasm to sensitively detect the intracellular pH change of myocardial ischemia. Briefly, protons neutralize the negative charges of nanoprobes in the cytoplasm. This will weaken the stability of nanoprobes and further tune their aggregation. Such aggregations induce the HEX of some nanoprobes condensed together and further result in their fluorescence quenching. The nanoprobes are advantaged in penetrating condensed myofibrils of the heart cell, and their fluorescence intensity is sensitive to the proton concentration change in the live cell cytoplasm. This new method may provide great assistance in earlier cardiopathy diagnosis in the future.
Singular-value decomposition using quantum annealing (2015)

In the present study, we demonstrate how to perform, using quantum annealing, the singular value decomposition and the principal component analysis. Quantum annealing gives a way to find a ground state of a system, while the singular value decomposition requires the maximum eigenstate. The key idea is to transform the sign of the final Hamiltonian, and the maximum eigenstate is obtained by quantum annealing. Furthermore, the adiabatic time scale is obtained by the approximation focusing on the maximum eigenvalue.
Severe Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis With Hemophagocytic Syndrome (2010)

Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with encephalitis is a life-threatening condition that requires treatment with immunochemotherapy; refractory patients are eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report on an adolescent female who failed to respond to induction immunochemotherapy and was salvaged by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from her human leukocyte antigen-identical, Epstein-Barr virus-seropositive brother leading to rapid clearance of Epstein-Barr virus from blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
The Eins3D project — Instantaneous UAV-Based 3D Mapping for Search and Rescue Applications (2019)

The overview of a situation in a search and rescue disaster is the key aspect of an effective assistance. In the recent years the utilization of multicopter with various photogrammetry systems is an upcoming trend and an open field of research. This paper discusses the technical aspects of an automated integral system that will support rescuers during the strategic mission planning and will give situational awareness by instantaneous 3D mapping. The approach combines sensors including a 3D Laserscanner, a thermal camera and an attitude system as a payload unit on an Multicopter. The continuous data fusion and the down link are providing an instant 3D environment map that is continuously revised and updated.
Molecular characterization of bacterial diversity in Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) rhizosphere soils from British Columbia forest soils differing in disturbance and geographic source (2002)

Rhizosphere bacteria from Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) seedlings were characterized from forest soils which differed in disturbance and geographic source. Soil disturbance treatments included whole-tree harvesting with and without heavy soil compaction and whole-tree harvesting with complete surface organic matter removal and heavy soil compaction from British Columbia (BC) Ministry of Forests Long-Term Soil Productivity installations in three biogeoclimatic subzones in central BC, Canada. Bacterial community members were characterized by DNA sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments following direct DNA isolation from soil, polymerase chain reaction amplification and cloning. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that 85% of 709 16S rDNA clones were classified as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group, Acidobacterium, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate divisions OP10 and TM6. Members of the Proteobacteria and Acidobacterium represented 55% and 19% of the clone library, respectively, whereas the remaining bacterial divisions each comprised less than 4% of the clone library. One hundred and six 16S rDNA clones could not be classified into known bacterial divisions. No significant differences were detected for soil disturbance treatment or site effects on the proportions of 16S rDNA clones affiliated with Proteobacteria and Acidobacterium. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that it was common for 16S rRNA gene fragments from different soil disturbance treatments and geographic locations to be closely related.
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Dynamics of Nanoconfined Wetting Liquids (2008)

The viscoelastic dynamics of nanoconfined wetting liquids is studied by means of atomic force microscopy. We observe a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior remarkably similar to that widely observed in metastable complex fluids. We show that the origin of the measured nonlinear viscoelasticity in nanoconfined water and silicon oil is a strain rate dependent relaxation time and slow dynamics. By measuring the viscoelastic modulus at different frequencies and strains, we find that the intrinsic relaxation time of nanoconfined water is in the range 0.1-0.0001 s, orders of magnitude longer than that of bulk water, and comparable to the dielectric relaxation time measured in supercooled water at 170-210 K.
Tradeoffs of current drive vs. short-channel effect in deep-submicrometer bulk and SOI MOSFETs (2002)

The intrinsic DC device performance tradeoff between current drive and short-channel effect is explored experimentally in a wide range of bulk and SOI devices. For the range of devices studied, the intrinsic performance tradeoff is improved primarily by the junction technology (e.g. use of "halo" structure) in bulk devices and the silicon film thickness or mode of operation (fully or partially-depleted) in SOI. Comparing bulk and SOI devices, fully-depleted devices behave similarly to bulk devices, while partially-depleted devices are more complicated due to the floating-body effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research and Resource Enhancement in French Lexicography : the ATILF Laboratory's computerized resources (2008)

During the second half of the 20th century, a number of major contributions to<br />French lexicography have been developed in Nancy, first within the Centre de<br />Recherche pour un Trésor de la Langue Française (CRTLF), then within the<br />Institut National de la Langue Française (INaLF). The present research institute,<br />Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Francaise (ATILF, www.atilf.fr),<br />aspires to become the latter's rightful successor.
Synthesis of Hydrocarbon Derivatives by the Wittig Synthesis. I. Distyrylbenzenes (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Hydrocarbon Derivatives by the Wittig Synthesis. I. DistyrylbenzenesTOD W. CAMPBELL and RICHARD N. McDONALDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 9, 1246–1251Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01091a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01091a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hansch analysis of the anabolic activities of some nandrolone esters (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHansch analysis of the anabolic activities of some nandrolone estersMohammad A. Q. Chaudry and Kenneth C. JamesCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 2, 157–161Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00248a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00248a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Editor of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (1986)

Editor, Sexually Transmitted Diseases Box 385 University of Virginia Medical School Infectious Diseases Division Charlottesville, VA 22908
Depression in people with type 2 diabetes (2009)

People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop depression than the general population. Depression is characterised by changes in mood, behaviour and thinking patterns, usually lasting longer than 2 weeks and resulting in social- or work related problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
A number of questionnaire-based tools are available for the
assessment of depression in primary care. This article explores the incidence and prevalence of the condition in people with type 2 diabetes, the effects it has on diabetes control, and discusses ways in which healthcare professionals can assess symptoms of depression and treat the condition
Polyelectrolyte Multilayered Nanofilms as a Novel Approach for the Protection of Hydrogen Storage Materials (2009)

This work describes the encapsulation of hydrogen storage materials from organic solvents. Due to complex formation the shell provides stability and selective permeability. Specifically, sodium borohydride particles were encapsulated within polymer films by the layer-by-layer self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (polyethyleneimine and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-acrylic acid)). The polymer nanofilm fabrication was performed using dichloromethane as a working media. IR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the chemical interaction between the polyelectrolytes. The multilayer film preparation was verified by Z-potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser microscopy. The stability of sodium borohydride protected with a polyelectrolyte shell was increased compared to that of the pure material under ambient conditions.
Detection of moving objects with three‐level continuous modules (1995)

Abstract This paper proposes a method of dynamic image processing which can automatically detect a moving object from the image of a walking human. The system is composed of the three‐level functional modules, which are the detection of the changing region, tracking of the moving object and the interpretation of the motion. Those modules employ simple processing, and the precision of the individual processing is not high. The system as a whole, however, can realize a high reliability because of the error‐recovery among the modules. The proposed method is implemented on the multiprocessor system, and a moving object detection system is constructed which can extract in real‐time the locus of the motion on the image. In the past moving object detection method, there must be imposed some constraints on the scene which is the object of processing. However, the proposed experimental system operates with stability in the general environment. An experiment was conducted using the experimental system to extract the loci of motion for the passersby in the general store, and the method is shown to be effective in the general environment.
Dual-beam Fourier domain optical Doppler tomography of zebrafish (2008)

We have developed a dual-beam Fourier domain optical Doppler tomography (FD-ODT) system to image zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Two beams incident on the zebrafish with a fixed angular separation allow absolute blood flow velocity measurement to be made regardless of vessel orientation in a sagittal plane along which the heart and most of the major vasculature lie. Two spectrometers simultaneously acquire spectra from two interferometers with a typical (maximum) line rate of 18 (28) kHz. The system was calibrated using diluted milk and microspheres and a 0.5-mm thick flow cell. The average deviation from the set velocity from 1.4 to 34.6 mm/s was 4.1%. Three-dimensional structural raster videos were acquired of an entire fish, and through the head, heart, and upper tail of the fish. Coarse features that were resolved include the telencephalon, retina, both heart chambers (atrium and ventricle), branchial arches, and notochord. Other fine structures within these organs were also resolved. Zebrafish are an important tool for high-throughput screening of new pharmacological agents. The ability to generate high-resolution three-dimensional structural videos and accurately measure absolute flow rates in major vessels with FD-ODT provides researchers with additional metrics by which the efficacy of new drugs can be assessed.