gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of Raman spectroscopy data (2015)

This thesis is concerned with developing techniques for analysing Raman spectroscopic images. A Raman spectroscopic image differs from a standard image as in place of red, green and blue quantities for each pixel a Raman image contains a spectrum of light intensities at each pixel. These spectra are used to identify the chemical components from which the image subject, for example a tablet, is comprised. The study of these types of images is known as chemometrics, with the majority of chemometric methods based on multivariate statistical and image analysis techniques. The work in this thesis has two main foci. The first of these is on the spectral decomposition of a Raman image, the purpose of which is to identify the component chemicals and their concentrations. The standard method for this is to fit a bilinear model to the image where both parts of the model, representing components and concentrations, must be estimated. As the standard bilinear model is nonidentifiable in its solutions we investigate the range of possible solutions in the solution space with a random walk. We also derive an improved model for spectral decomposition, combining cluster analysis techniques and the standard bilinear model. For this purpose we apply the expectation maximisation algorithm on a Gaussian mixture model with bilinear means, to represent our spectra and concentrations. This reduces noise in the estimated chemical components by separating the Raman image subject from the background. The second focus of this thesis is on the analysis of our spectral decomposition results. For testing the chemical components for uniform mixing we derive test statistics for identifying patterns in the image based on Minkowski measures, grey level co-occurence matrices and neighbouring pixel correlations. However with a non-identifiable model any hypothesis tests performed on the solutions will be specific to only that solution. Therefore to obtain conclusions for a range of solutions we combined our test statistics with our random walk. We also investigate the analysis of a time series of Raman images as the subject dissolved. Using models comprised of Gaussian cumulative distribution functions we are able to estimate the changes in concentration levels of dissolving tablets between the scan times. The results of which allowed us to describe the dissolution process in terms of the quantities of component chemicals.
Iclaprim: A Novel Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (2009)

Antibiotic resistance is an ever-increasing concern in the treatment of severe skin and skin-structure infections, pneumonia, bacteremia and other serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, group A Streptococcus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. In this review, we summarize the current status of both US FDA-approved and investigational agents aimed at this group of pathogens. We also describe, in detail, the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties and spectrum of microbiological activity of iclaprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor recently awarded fast-track approval status by the FDA. Finally, we review the clinical efficacy of iclaprim compared with linezolid for skin and skin-structure infections as demonstrated in Phase III randomized, controlled trials, and comment on its potential role in the treatment of other severe infections with drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
Olaparib Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced Cancer and a Germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutation (2014)

Responses to olaparib were observed across different tumor types associated with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Olaparib warrants further investigation in confirmatory studies.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐Benzodiazepines: Synthesis of Ditriazolo(4,3‐a;3,4‐d)(1,5) benzodiazepines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evolving Teamwork and Coordination with Genetic Programming (1996)

Some problems can be solved only by multiagent teams. In using genetic programming to produce such teams, one faces several design decisions. First, there are questions of team diversity and of breeding strategy. In one commonly used scheme, teams consist of clones of single individuals; these individuals breed in the normal way and are cloned to form teams during fitness evaluation. In contrast, teams could also consist of distinct individuals. In this case one can either allow free interbreeding between members of different teams, or one can restrict interbreeding in various ways. A second design decision concerns the types of coordination-facilitating mechanisms provided to individual team members; these range from sensors of various sorts to complex communication systems. This paper examines three breeding strategies (clones, free, and restricted) and three coordination mechanisms (none, deictic sensing, and name-based sensing) for evolving teams of agents in the Serengeti world, a simple predator/prey environment. Among the conclusions are the fact that a simple form of restricted interbreeding outperforms free interbreeding in all teams with distinct individuals, and the fact that name-based sensing consistently outperforms deictic sensing.
High performance operation of silicon bipolar transistors at liquid nitrogen temperature (1987)

The feasibility of liquid nitrogen temperature operation of homojunction Si bipolar transistors is examined. Measurements of thin base NPN transistors with increasing base doping show the competing mechanisms of bandgap narrowing with mobility and freeze-out. When the bandgap difference between emitter and base becomes small, a maximum in current gain versus temperature is observed because the increase in mobility dominates at temperatures as low as 180 Kelvin. Delay calculations are made to compare the performance of an ECL ring-oscillator at room and liquid nitrogen temperature. It is shown that little performance degradation occurs if the base doping can be raised to 1 - 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to prevent freeze-out of the base doping, while keeping the base thickness within 1000 Å. The upper limit on base doping appears to be set by increased base-emitter leakage due to tunneling.
Towards a comprehensive performance model of virtual machine live migration (2015)

Although many models exist to predict the time taken to migrate a virtual machine from one physical machine to another, our empirical validation of these models has shown the 90th percentile error to be 46% (43 secs) and 159% (112 secs) for KVM and Xen live migration, respectively. Our analysis reveals that these models are fundamentally flawed as they all fail to take into account the following three critical parameters: (i) the writable working set size, (ii) the number of pages eligible for the skip technique, (iii) the relation of the number of skipped pages with the page dirty rate and the page transfer rate, and incorrectly model the key parameter---the number of new pages dirtied per unit time. In this paper, we propose a novel model that takes all these parameters into account. We present a thorough validation with 53 workloads and show that the 90th percentile error in the estimated migration times is only 12% (8 secs) and 19% (14 secs) for KVM and Xen live migration, respectively.
Antimicrobial activity of natural products against<i>Clostridium difficile in vitro</i> (2017)

This study encourages further investigation of natural products for treatment of CDI.
Alternative Method of Allelic Discrimination (2014)

5' nuclease assays for allelic discrimination use both a wild-type and a mutant probe. Here we present a new method for genotyping by 5' nuclease assays that dispenses with the mutant probe, using the wild-type probe together with a probe for a reference gene known to be present in two copies to determine the copy number of the wild type allele relative to the reference gene. The copy number of the wild-type allele then determines the genotype: two copies indicates homozygous wild-type; one copy indicates heterozygous; and zero copies indicates homozygous mutant. We were able to use our method to correctly genotype three alleles of the thiopurine methyl transferase (TPMT) gene: TPMT *2 (c.G238C), *3B (c.G460A) and *3C (c.A719G). Our approach can be used as an alternate allelic discrimination strategy that is cost effective when multiple TaqMan assays are performed on a sample.
Measuring IgG anti-A/B titres using dithiothreitol (DTT). (1978)

In comparing the use of the sulphydryl compounds 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) a rapid one-stage technique for titrating IgG anti-A and anti-B using DTT in an antiglobulin test was tried. The results correlated well with those obtained by either of the two-stage methods using 2ME or DTT.
Proof of Concept Integration of a Single-Level Service-Oriented Architecture into a Multi-Domain Secure Environment (2008)

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) software has revolutionized data interchange in the business world. A SOA software platform integrates independent, unrelated applications into a common architecture, thereby introducing data reuse, interoperability, and loose coupling between the services involved. The U.S. Navy is currently experimenting with a SOA-based research portal called TACFIRE, or Tactical Applications for Collaboration in FIRE (FORCEnet Innovation and Research Enterprise). TACFIRE provides a set of lightweight, XML-based web services derived from the Oracle Collaboration Suite (OCS) 10g SOA. Such web services operating across multiple security domains would provide additional advantages, including improved intelligence aggregation, and real-time collaboration between users in different security domains. However, current TACFIRE implementations provide no multi-domain functionality between different classification levels. To date, the incorporation of a SOA software suite into a multilevel secure environment has neither been designed nor implemented. This project has explored how a SOA software suite could be integrated into a multilevel environment. The OCS 10g has been configured to run within the Monterey Security Architecture (MYSEA) multilevel testbed. This thesis addresses DoD requirements for building enterprise-level computing architecture capable of providing a full range of information services at all major security classifications and information handling caveats.
End-to-end color printer calibration by total least squares regression (1999)

Neugebauer modeling plays an important role in obtaining end-to-end device characterization profiles for halftone color printer calibration. This paper proposes total least square (TLS) regression methods to estimate the parameters of various Neugebauer models. Compared to the traditional least squares (LS) based methods, the TLS approach is physically more appropriate for the printer modeling problem because it accounts for errors in the measured reflectance of both the primaries and the modeled samples. A TLS method based on print measurements from single-colorant step-wedges is first developed. The method is then extended to incorporate multicolorant print measurements using an iterative algorithm. The LS and TLS techniques are compared through tests performed on two color printers, one employing conventional rotated halftone screens and the other using a dot-on-dot halftone screen configuration. Our experiments indicate that the TLS methods yield a consistent and significant improvement over the LS-based techniques for model parameter estimation. The gains from the TLS method are particularly significant when the number of patches for which measured data is available is limited.
Monolithic catalytic igniters (1993)

Catalytic igniters offer the potential for excellent reliability and simplicity for use with the diergolic bipropellant oxygen/hydrogen as well as with the monopropellant hydrazine. State-of-the-art catalyst beds - noble metal/granular pellet carriers - currently used in hydrazine engines are limited by carrier stability, which limits the hot-fire temperature, and by poor thermal response due to the large thermal mass. Moreover, questions remain with regard to longevity and reliability of these catalysts. In this work, Ultramet investigated the feasibility of fabricating monolithic catalyst beds that overcome the limitations of current catalytic igniters via a combination of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) iridium coatings and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) refractory ceramic foams. It was found that under all flow conditions and O2:H2 mass ratios tested, a high surface area monolithic bed outperformed a Shell 405 bed. Additionally, it was found that monolithic catalytic igniters, specifically porous ceramic foams fabricated by CVD/CVI processing, can be fabricated whose catalytic performance is better than Shell 405 and with significantly lower flow restriction, from materials that can operate at 2000 C or higher.
Hierarchical Decomposition of Large Deep Networks (2016)

Deep networks have revolutionized the image, speech, and pattern recognition communities. Despite recent evidence showing deep networks can rival the human brain for visual object recognition, the expansion of such architectures to generalpurpose intelligent reasoning is intractable due to the number of training parameters. Hierarchical representations have been introduced, but either have been applied to small problems, or have been ad hoc in nature. This paper introduces a framework that automatically analyzes and configures a family of smaller deep networks as a replacement to a singular, larger network. By analyzing the linkage coefficients from confusion matrices and class boundaries from spectral clustering, class clusters and subclusters are automatically detected, enabling the framework to divide and conquer large classification problems. The resulting smaller networks are not only highly scalable, parallel and more practical to train, but also achieve higher classification accuracy. Numerous experiments on network classes, layers, and architecture configurations validate our results.
Comparative study of DC circuit breakers using realtime simulations (2014)

One of the main limitations in using high voltage and medium voltage DC grids is the issues related to the current-limiting devices and circuit breakers. These devices should be able to handle large currents in the normal operation condition and block high DC currents in a few microseconds in the case of DC faults. Moreover, they are required to dissipate huge amounts of energy stored in the transmission line inductances. In this paper, four configurations of DC circuit breakers from three general groups are evaluated and the results are compared in terms of the time required by the breakers to interrupt the current, maximum DC breaking current, rated voltage, efficiency and current state of development. The performance of DC circuit breakers is evaluated when a line to ground DC fault happens in a 9 module/2 terminal DC system. Simulation results were obtained using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and PSCAD.
Determination of Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine Epoxide in Human Serum by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (1997)

A method for the identification and quantification of the antiepileptics lamotrigine, carbamazepine and carbamazepine epoxide (active metabolite) in human serum is described. In refractory epilepsy the combination of carbamazepine and lamotrigine was recently developed to a modern therapeutic concept. The goal of this paper is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these substances. Serum was extracted with a quick precipitation method using a modified commercial extraction-kit and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A gas-chromatographic temperature-pressure programme was developed that allowed the determination of lamotrigine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A reference spectrum of pure lamotrigine is herewith published for the first time. A new mass spectra library was created to support the identification of the antiepileptics in human serum. In the Specified Ions Monitoring mode (SIM) a detection limit below the therapeutic range and recoveries above 90% were obtained. Comparison of results obtained by GC-MS or a commercially available high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method (for lamotrigine) and a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) (for carbamazepine) from spiked serum samples showed disagreement of no more than 10% between the methods and demonstrated the accuracy of the new method. In addition, quantitative determinations of these antiepileptics in samples from patients under anticonvulsive therapy showed a strong linear correlation with r2 = 0.961 for carbamazepine and r2 = 0.964 for lamotrigine. Only two from a total of 46 results differed by more than 10%. Our method for quantifying lamotrigine in serum seems to be highly specific and capable of measuring lamotrigine in patients on single therapy, as well as on add-on therapy with carbamazepine or carbamazepine epoxide. No interference from other coadministered drugs was detected.
Neuroimaging and Other Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: The Changing Landscape of Early Detection (2013)

The goal of this review is to provide an overview of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with emphasis on neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. We first review biomarker changes in patients with late-onset AD, including findings from studies using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), advanced MRI techniques (diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion), positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose, amyloid tracers, and other neurochemical tracers, and CSF protein levels. Next, we evaluate findings from these biomarkers in preclinical and prodromal stages of AD including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and pre-MCI conditions conferring elevated risk. We then discuss related findings in patients with dominantly inherited AD. We conclude with a discussion of the current theoretical framework for the role of biomarkers in AD and emergent directions for AD biomarker research.
Modified Luneberg Lens (1954)

Spherically symmetric optical instruments, and their desirability for microwaves, are discussed. Application of Hamiltonian optics in analyzing the rays in the Luneberg lens has led to formula of a new lens that has spherical symmetry and a focus near its center. A cylindrical version of this new lens has been designed for operation in the TE10 mode.
Thermochemistry of the bromination of carbon tetrachloride and the heat of formation of carbon tetrachloride (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemistry of the bromination of carbon tetrachloride and the heat of formation of carbon tetrachlorideG. D. Mendenhall, D. M. Golden, and S. W. BensonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 22, 2707–2709Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100640a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100640a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
RFID-Based 3-D Positioning Schemes (2007)

This research focuses on RFID-based 3-D positioning schemes, aiming to locate an object in a 3-dimensional space, with reference to a predetermined arbitrary coordinates system, by using RFID tags and readers. More specifically, we consider a hexahedron which may be a shipping container, a storage room, or other hexahedral shape spaces. A number of RFID tags and/or readers with known locations are deployed as reference nodes. We propose two positioning schemes, namely, the active scheme and the passive scheme. The former scheme locates an RFID reader. For example, it may be employed to locate a mobile person who is equipped with an RFID reader or an object that is approached by an RFID reader. The passive scheme locates an RFID tag, which is attached to the target object. Both approaches are based on a Nelder-Mead nonlinear optimization method that minimizes the error objective functions. We have carried out analyses and extensive simulations to evaluate the proposed schemes. Our results show that both schemes can locate the targets with acceptable accuracy. The active scheme usually results in smaller errors and has a lower hardware cost compared to its passive counterpart. On the other hand, the passive scheme is more efficient when locating multiple targets simultaneously. The effectiveness of our proposed approaches is verified experimentally using the IDENTEC RFID kits.
Anti‐glypican‐1 antibody‐drug conjugate exhibits potent preclinical antitumor activity against glypican‐1 positive uterine cervical cancer (2017)

Glypican-1 (GPC1) is highly expressed in solid tumors, especially squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and is thought to be associated with disease progression. We explored the use of a GPC1-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) as a novel treatment for uterine cervical cancer. On immunohistochemical staining, high expression levels of GPC1 were detected in about 50% of uterine cervical cancer tissues and also in a tumor that had relapsed after chemoradiotherapy. Novel anti-GPC1 monoclonal antibodies were developed, and clone 01a033 was selected as the best antibody for targeted delivery of the cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) into GPC1-positive cells. The anti-GPC1 antibody was conjugated with MMAF. On flow cytometry, HeLa and ME180 cervical cancer cells highly expressed GPC1, however, RMG-I ovarian clear cell cancer cell line showed weak expression. The GPC1-ADC was rapidly internalized into GPC1-expressing cells in vitro and was potently cytotoxic to cancer cells highly expressing GPC1. There were no inhibitory effects on cancer cells with low expression of GPC1. In a murine xenograft model, GPC1-ADC also had significant and potent tumor growth inhibition. GPC1-ADC-mediated G2/M phase cell cycle arrest was detected, indicating that the dominant antitumor effect in vivo was MMAF-mediated. The toxicity of GPC-ADC was tolerable within the therapeutic dose range in mice. Our data showed that GPC1-ADC has potential as a promising therapy for uterine cervical cancer.