gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Extensible Bio‐Nanocomposite Films with Direction‐Dependent Properties (2010)

Abstract The structure and mechanical properties of bio‐nanocomposite films made from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) that is physically cross‐linked with silicate nanoparticles, Laponite, are investigated. Direction‐dependent mechanical properties of the films are presented, and the effect of shear orientation during sample preparation on tensile strength and elongation is assessed. Repeated mechanical deformation results in highly extensible materials with preferred orientation and structuring at the nano‐ and micrometer scales. Additionally, in vitro biocompatibility data are reported, and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts are observed to readily adhere and proliferate on silicate cross‐linked PEO while maintaining high cell viability.
Two concepts of liberty ... and conscience (2016)

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Adaptive SON and Cognitive Smart LPN for 5G Heterogeneous Networks (2015)

To overcome the challenge of large data demanding in future 5G cellular networks, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) take advantage of low power nodes (LPNs) to enhance capacity and coverage. This paper aims at 5G HetNets and presents a novel scheme of adaptive self-organization network (SON) by integrating cognitive radio (CR) with inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC). Particularly, we combine the spectrum sensing function from CR and the radio resource layering function from ICIC. Our work addresses the issues of smart low-power node (SLPN) development, which associates appropriate sectorization with radio resource allocation during the self-organization process. We further develop a Hungarian algorithm based self-organization strategy to improve the SLPN adaptive optimization. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve considerable gain in terms of throughput and coverage, with extra rewards of high flexibility and low complexity in HetNet SON.
Real-time parameter identification for self-designing flight control (2002)

A self-designing flight control system (SDFCS) could provide a cost-effective means for developing controllers for new aircraft by eliminating analyst-intensive design of numerous individual controllers, each optimized for a single flight condition. Additionally, the SDFCS could improve the capabilities of existing aircraft by enhancing control performance in new flight regimes such as high angle-of-attack or post-stall maneuvers. Finally, the SDFCS could automatically reconfigure the control system to account for sudden changes such as may result from airframe and/or effector impairment(s). Rapid identification of time-varying, nonlinear plants is an important enabling technology for most SDFCS concepts. In this paper, the authors present a modified sequential least squares (MSLS) parameter identification method and compare its performance to that of standard RLS techniques using a simulated nonlinear F-16 with multiaxes thrust-vectoring (MATV) aircraft. It is shown that MSLS offers significant improvement in performance over conventional RLS parameter identification by providing: (1) a recursive estimation algorithm that penalizes noisy estimates and is less subject to ill-conditioning as ifs forgetting factor is reduced, (2) detection of airframe and effector impairments and corresponding adjustments of the algorithm settings, and (3) an intelligent supervisor that injects a minimum level of effector random activity to ensure identifiability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Electron Beam Exposure System (VL-R1) : A-6: ELECTRON BEAM TECHNOLOGY (1979)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) represents today one of the most strategic targets of the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. During the last 30 years a number of more or less successful approaches to inhibit the activity of the RAS have been attempted. In particular, the use of ACE-inhibitiors has led to significant improvments in the outcom/treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease and nephropathies. On the other hand, Ace-inhibitors are not specifically targeted to RAS since they interfere with an enzyme with multiple different substrates. Furthermore, the inhibition of ACE does not prevent the formation of angiotensin II through alternative pathways, and thus the inhibition of RAS is often incomplete, especially under pathologic conditions stimulating RAS. For these reasons, the recent discovery of angiotensin II receptors antagonists, which selectively inhibit the action of angiotensin II at the level of the AT1 subtype receptor, is particularly attracting. This article reviews the background, the rationale and some of the clinical findings and potential applications with this new class of compounds.
STUDY OF FREQUENCY INDEPENDENT ANTENNAS (1961)

Abstract : An investigation was made of frequency-independent antenn fro the point of view of designing the antennas for any radiation pattern and polarization. Solutions of Maxwell's equations were discovered which explain the theory of fr uency independent antennas. The effect of curvatur on the current distribution is strikingly demonstrated but the most remarkable feature is the incoming current wave at large distances, when the angular phase velocity of the excitation is in the direction of decreasing radius along an equiangular spiral. Solutions for periodic antennas were also obtained and extensive computations are being made. (Author)
Role of 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Monitoring in Glaucoma Management (2019)

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the prevalence is on the rising trend. Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the mainstay of treatment. The current practice of IOP monitoring is based on spot measurements during clinic visits during office hours. However, there are up to 50% of glaucoma patients who had normal initial IOP, while some treated patients continued to have progressive glaucomatous optic nerve damage even with a low IOP. Recent studies have shown that the IOP of glaucoma patients fluctuated during the day with different patterns, and some of them had peak IOP outside office hours. These findings provided us with new insights on the role of 24-hour IOP monitoring in managing normal tension glaucoma and patients with progressive deterioration despite apparently well-controlled IOP. Nevertheless, results to date are rather inconsistent, and there is no consensus yet. In this review, we briefly highlighted the current modalities of 24-hour IOP monitoring and summarized the characteristic 24-hour IOP pattern and the clinical relevance of IOP parameters in predicting glaucomatous progression in different glaucoma subtypes. We also discussed the therapeutic efficacy of current glaucoma treatment modalities with respect to the mentioned 24-hour IOP profiles, so as to strengthen the role of 24-hour IOP monitoring in identifying and stratifying the risks of progression in glaucoma patients, as well as optimizing treatments according to their IOP profiles.
On the Additive and Multiplicative Models of Relative Risk (1989)

Abstract Two popular models of absence of synergism in epidemiologic cohort studies are analyzed and compared. It is shown that the statistical concept of the union of independent events that traditionally has given rise to the “additive” model of relative risk can also generate the “multiplicative” model of relative risk. In fact, the same set of approximating conditions can be used to generate both models, which suggests a lack of identifiability under the traditional approach. An alternate approach is proposed in this paper. The new approach does not require the assumption that background risk factors are independent from causal agents of interest. The concept of “dose additivity” is discussed.
Fits in Tervueren Shepherd Dogs: a presumed Hereditary Trait (1968)

Abstract— —An investigation, by sending a questionnaire to dog owners, has been made on the occurrence of fits in Tervueren Shepherd dogs in the Netherlands. Indications have been found which favour the concept of an inherited defect. Further research will be required to determine the answers to a number of fundamental questions. Résumé— —Les propriétaires des Bergers de Tervueren aux Pays Bas ont été soumis un questionnaire dans le cadres d'une recherche à l'égard des crises d'épilepsie. Des puissantes indications ont été trouvées en faveur d'une conception d'un défaut héréditaire. Plusien problèmes fondamentales attendont des recherches supplémentaires. Zusammenfassung— —Erhebungen sind angestellt worden unter den Besitzern von Tervueren Schäferhunde in den Niederländen über das Vorkommen von Zufällen. Beträchtliche Bezeichungen sind gefunden worden für die Annahme eines Erbschadens. Weitere Untersuchungen sind unent‐behrlich um eine Reihe von wesentlichen Fragen beantworten zu können.
Discovery of a stem-like multipotent cell fate. (2018)

Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained from lipoaspirates and induced <i>in vitro</i> to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Using this powerful model system we show that after <i>in vitro</i> adipose differentiation a population of cells retain stem-like qualities including multipotency. They are lipid (-), retain the ability to propagate, express two known stem cell markers, and maintain the capacity for trilineage differentiation into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. However, these cells are not traditional stem cells because gene expression analysis showed an overall expression profile similar to that of adipocytes. In addition to broadening our understanding of cellular multipotency, our work may be particularly relevant to obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The adipose expandability hypothesis proposes that inability to differentiate new adipocytes is a primary cause of metabolic syndrome in obesity, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here we have defined a differentiation-resistant stem-like multipotent cell population that may be involved in regulation of adipose expandability <i>in vivo</i> and may therefore play key roles in the comorbidities of obesity.
Combined adaptive and fuzzy control using multiple models (1994)

This paper presents a control strategy to deal with processes in which both system parameters and orders are unknown and undergo abrupt structural variations. To handle such complicated control problems, a combined adaptive and fuzzy control scheme is developed. A number of generalized minimum variance (GMV) controllers are designed according to all the possible process structures. A higher level model selection mechanism decides which controller candidate is the best. A fuzzy modification algorithm is introduced to improve the system responses in transient period by detuning the control weights of GMV controllers. To cope with possible instability caused by non-minimum phase dynamics, a fuzzy PID backup is introduced as well. Some adaptation is added to the fuzzy PID backup to obtain better system performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VAPOUR-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF SUBMICRON TANTALUM CARBIDE (1971)

The synthesis of pure, submicron, crystalline TaC powder by the vapour-phase reaction of methane and TaCl5 has been studied in the range 1400–1600°C (1673–1873 K). Particular attention was given to the effect of process variables on particle characteristics. Dry collection and subsequent acid treatment of the powders were found necessary to yield a pure product. A minimum temperature of 1400°C was required for the reaction, but elevation to 1600°C had no apparent effect on the degree of conversion or the particle-size range. Electron micrographs showed the powders to have a very narrow particle-size range of from 0·02 to 0·07 μm. Over 45% of the particles were in the range 0·04-0·045 μm, and ∼80% in the 0·03–0·05 μm range. In general, the particles exhibited equidimensional shapes.
Somatic versus germinal mutation (2000)

Compatible organic osmolytes, such as betaine, myo-inositol and taurine, are involved in cell protection. Human dermal fibroblasts accumulate these osmolytes and express mRNA specific for their transporting systems betaine-/gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) transporter (BGT-1), sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter (SMIT) and taurine transporter (TAUT). Taurine uptake was about sixfold higher than that of betaine and myo-inositol. Compared with normoosmotic (305 mOsm/l) control, hyperosmotic exposure (405 mOsm/l) led to a twofold induction of osmolyte uptake. Ultraviolet A (UVA) upregulated osmolyte transporter mRNA levels and increased osmolyte uptake. Taurine inhibited UVA-induced interleukin-6 (Il-6) mRNA expression by 40%. Furthermore, Il-6 accumulation in the supernatants of UVA-irradiated dermal fibroblasts was much slower when cells were preincubated with taurine. These data indicate that taurine accumulation seems to be part of the fibroblast response to UVA radiation and may protect against UVA-induced Il-6 overexpression.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Clinical Development (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Temporal domain sub-band video coding with motion compensation (1992)

Temporal domain subband coding with motion compensation (MC-SBC) is a new technique of interframe data compression in video coding applications. Perfect reconstruction is possible with one-pixel accuracy for motion parameters and a trivial first-order quadrature mirror filter (QMF). With comparable complexity, even this most simple type of MC-SBC outperforms MC prediction (MC-DPCM) techniques when blockwise motion estimation is used. The concept of MC-SBC is generalized to subpixel accuracy of MC and any even-length (odd-order) QMF filters. Motion estimation is performed in a hierarchical forward-backward procedure which gives better SNR and visual performance results than blockwise-independent estimation. The scheme is extremely error resistant due to its nonrecursive structure; the gain over MC-DPCM is remarkably high, especially in layered coding schemes as they are discussed for ATM video applications. Results of MC-SBC and other interframe coding schemes are compared using two different intrafracture schemes in layered and nonlayered coding applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reviewing for Exams: Do Crossword Puzzles Help in the Success of Student Learning? (2009)

Poster with text detailing research conducted by Dr. Tricia Davis (University of Wisconsin-River Falls) and Brooke Shepherd that investigates whether or not using crossword puzzles as a review aid for exams affects students' exam scores.
10-GHz 10-W Internally Matched Flip-Chip GaAs Power FET's (1981)

A newly developed internally matched configuration for a flip-chip GaAs power field effect transistor is presented. In this structure, gate and drain electrodes of the FET chips are directly connected to the lumped dielectric capacitors in the matching networks by thermocompression bonding using no wire. A power output of 10 W with 3-dB gain and a power added efficiency as high as 14 percent has been realized at 10 GHz.
Ipilimumab in advanced melanoma (2012)

Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor prognosis; the results of chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. Ipilimumab, an anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody, has shown promising results in several clinical trials. In this report, advanced melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab were scored according to novel immune-related response criteria (irRC) in an attempt to capture additional response patterns and to avoid premature treatment cessation. Thirty-six heavily pretreated metastatic melanoma patients recieved ipilimumab within five international clinical trials at our Institution from May 2006 to August 2008. Disease progression was defined as an increase in tumor burden by at least 25% compared with the nadir, irrespective of any initial increase in baseline lesions or the appearance of new lesions. We report unusually long-lasting responses in patients treated with ipilimumab 10 mg/kg. An overall response was observed in six out of 30 patients (20%), a complete response in three (10%), and disease control in 11 (37%), which seemed to be of a long duration (median of 16 months; complete response 36+, 34+, and 41+ months). All irRC patterns seemed to be strongly associated with an improvement in overall survival. Interestingly, we found a correlation between the presence of a grade 3/4 immune-related adverse event and responses, time to progression, and overall survival. Ipilimumab therapy resulted in clinically meaningful responses in advanced melanoma patients, supporting the need for further irRC validation.
Different vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF‐receptor 1 and ‐2 mRNA expression profiles between clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma (2006)

VEGF and its receptors were associated with tumour stage and survival, but were not independent prognostic factors. Different RCC types had different expression patterns of VEGF and receptor mRNA levels. We conclude that different pathways might be involved in regulating angiogenesis in the specific RCC types. Detailed knowledge of angiogenesis in RCC is essential when designing new treatment trials where angiogenesis inhibition is used.
In vitro and in vivo analysis of visible light crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels (2017)

Photocrosslinkable materials have been frequently used for constructing soft and biomimetic hydrogels for tissue engineering. Although ultraviolet (UV) light is commonly used for photocrosslinking such materials, its use has been associated with several biosafety concerns such as DNA damage, accelerated aging of tissues, and cancer. Here we report an injectable visible light crosslinked gelatin-based hydrogel for myocardium regeneration. Mechanical characterization revealed that the compressive moduli of the engineered hydrogels could be tuned in the range of 5-56 kPa by changing the concentrations of the initiator, co-initiator and co-monomer in the precursor formulation. In addition, the average pore sizes (26-103 μm) and swelling ratios (7-13%) were also shown to be tunable by varying the hydrogel formulation. In vitro studies showed that visible light crosslinked GelMA hydrogels supported the growth and function of primary cardiomyocytes (CMs). In addition, the engineered materials were shown to be biocompatible in vivo, and could be successfully delivered to the heart after myocardial infarction in an animal model to promote tissue healing. The developed visible light crosslinked hydrogel could be used for the repair of various soft tissues such as the myocardium and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with enhanced therapeutic functionality.
Statistical optimization of dynamic importance sampling parameters for efficient simulation of communication networks (1993)

Importance sampling (IS) is a powerful method for reducing simulation run times when estimating the probabilities of rare events in communication systems using Monte Carlo simulation and is made feasible and effective for the simulation of networks of queues by regenerative techniques. However, using the most favorable IS settings very often makes the length of regeneration cycles infinite or impractically long. To address this problem, a methodology that uses IS dynamically within each regeneration cycle to drive the system back to the regeneration state after an accurate estimate has been obtained is discussed. A statistically based technique for optimizing IS parameter values for simulations of queueing systems, including complex systems with bursty arrival processes, is formulated. A deterministic variant of stochastic simulated annealing (SA), called mean field annealing (MFA), is used to minimize statistical estimates of the IS estimator variance. The technique is demonstrated by evaluating blocking probabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Environmental effects on all-dielectric bandpass filters (1986)

The spectral characteristics of all-dielectric bandpass filters were measured while the surrounding air temperature and relative humidity were closely controlled. Center wavelength was found to be nonlinear with humidity and can be described by an empirical two-parameter model. Conversely, maximum transmission and full width at half-maximum were closely linear with both temperature and humidity. All spectral changes were found to stabilize in <25 min.
Graph-Optimization Techniques for IC Layout and Compaction (1983)

This paper describes a new approach for IC layout and compaction. The compaction problem is translated into a mixed integer-linear programming problem of a very special form. A graph based optimization algorithm is used to solve the resulting problem. An experimental program that uses the above techniques is described. The program could be used either as an aid to hand layout or as the bottom part of an automatic layout generation program.
Design and Development of Software Defined Metamaterials for Nanonetworks (2015)

This paper introduces a class of programmable metamaterials, whose electromagnetic properties can be controlled via software. These software defined metamaterials (SDMs) stem from utilizing metamaterials in combination with nanonetworks. Metamaterials are artificial structures with properties that may not be found in nature. Since their initial advent, they have inspired ground-breaking applications to a range of research topics, such as electromagnetic invisibility of objects (cloaking), radiation absorption, filtering of light and sound as well as efficient antennas for sensors and implantable communication devices in recent years. However, existing metamaterial structures are "rigid", i.e. they cannot be restructured once constructed. This trait limits their fabrication to some well-equipped laboratories worldwide, slows down innovation, and, most importantly, restricts their applicability to static structures only. The proposed SDMs act as "plastic" (reconfigurable) metamaterials, whose attributes can be changed programmatically via a computer interface. This control is achieved by a network of nanomachines, incorporated into the structure of the metamaterial. The nanomachines may receive commands from the user and perform simple, yet geometrically-altering, actions on the metamaterial profile and tuning of its electromagnetic behavior. Architectural aspects, expected features and implementation issues are covered in this paper, while a suitable nanonetworking model is presented along with simulation results on its anticipated performance. The paper concludes by outlining the research challenges pertaining to the analysis, design, prototyping, manufacturing, and initial application scenarios of the proposed SDMs.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Functionalization of Indole‐2‐carboxylates and Diastereoselective Preparation of the Corresponding Indolines. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.