gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Biliary Excretion of <sup>3</sup>H‐Inulin and <sup>3</sup>H‐Terbutaline in the Unanesthetized Rat (1975)

An animal model which permits sampling of arterial blood and bile from unanesthetized rats with uninterrupted enterohepatic circulation is described. Pharmacokinetic data concerning inulin (0.2 mumol kg-1) and terbutaline (1.8 mumol kg-1) after intraarterial injection are presented. The following values for inulin were obtained Vdbeta equals 0.25 ml g-1, plasma clearance equals 2.3 ml min-1 kg-1 and bile clearance equals 0.03-0.04 ml min-1 kg-1, which mainly are in agreement with data from the literature. For terbutaline the corresponding values were 0.58 ml g-1, 5.2 ml min-1 kg-1 and 0.12-0.98 ml min-1 kg-1, respectively.
Volatile Leaf Oils of some South-western and Southern Australian Species of the Genus Eucalyptus. Part VII. Subgenus Symphyomyrtus, Section Exsertaria (1996)

The volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus seeana Maiden, E. bancroftii (Maiden) Maiden, E. parramattensis C. Hall, E. amplifilia Naudin, E. tereticornis J. Smith, E. blakelyi Maiden, E. dealbata A. Cunn. ex. Schauer, E. dwyeri Maiden & Blakely, E. vicina L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill, E. flindersii Boomsma, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. var camaldulensis, E. camaldulensis Dehnh. var. obtusa Blakely, E. rudis Endl., E. exserta F. Muell. and E. gillenii Ewart & L. R. Kerr, isolated by vacuum distillation, were analysed by GC-MS. Most species contained α-pinene (1.5–14%), 1,8-cineole (0–81%), p-cymene (0.6–28%) and aromadendrene/terpinen-4-ol (0.6–24%) as principal leaf oil components.
The generalized multiprobe reflectometer and its application to automated transmission line measurements (1973)

The multiprobe reflector can perform the measurements usually performed with the slotted line without the need for mechanical adjustment, thus making it ideal for automated systems. Theory is presented showing how impedance data may be obtained from three or more arbitrarily placed probes; the spacing need not be at any particular fraction of a wavelength thus permitting very wide band operation. The use of additional probes permits measurement of frequency and also self checking of the system, thus providing accuracies comparable with the best slotted lines available. The simplicity of the hardware makes it easy to install in both standard and non-standard waveguides and transmission lines thus avoiding the use of adaptors with their attendant errors. A brief error analysis is included. Measurements of antenna impedance and wall loss, using a nonstandard size of waveguide, are presented and show an accuracy comparable with the best slotted lines.
Intratesticular injection of a balanced zinc solution for permanent sterilization of dogs. (2005)

Five male mature dogs with normal sex organs and normal pre-study semen evaluation received intratesticular injections of a sterile solution of balanced zinc gluconate. Semen without sperm could be collected on days 26, 30, 35 and 51 from 4 dogs. The dogs achieved penile erection but no ejaculation before these days. There were no significant adverse effects and no change in the dog behavior during the time that they were observed. Histopathological findings documented virtually complete fibrosis of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells on days 60 and 75. This preliminary study concludes that balanced zinc gluconate may be used to sterilize dogs.
IN SITU ELECTROPHORESIS OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS (1981)

During the past decade, the realization that cell membrane constituents may exist in a fluid matrix, each constituent capable of exhibiting rapid rotational and translational motions within the membrane (20, 70), has not only reshaped our concepts about the structure and function of the cell membrane, but also has brought about a number of new problems in membrane biology. The interactions among membrane components (25), mobilities of lipids and proteins (20, 49), and mechanisms for stabilizing and modulating membrane topography (19, 47, 48) are some of the subjects currently under extensive investigation. One ap­ proach to these problems is to perturb experimentally the steady state topography of the membrane components and then examine the struct­ ural and functional consequences of such a perturbation. In situ elec­ trophoresis is one of the newly developed methods in this experimental approach. It is based on the idea that charged membrane components, if free to move laterally in the plane of the membrane, should undergo redistribution in response to an electric field applied along the mem­ brane surface. This lateral in cell membranes was first suggested by Jaffe as a possible cellular mechanism underlying the effects of biogenic electric field in developing systems (31). The study of in situ electrophoresis of membrane components is still in a state of infancy. Only half a dozen publications have appeared since the first reports in 1977 (31, 61). Thus, the purpose of the present paper is not simply to review this relatively scarce and recent literature but to provide a concise theoretical framework for the use of in situ electrophoresis, to summarize lessons learned in the experimental stud­ ies, and to point out possible strategies for the application of this
Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (1996)

The possibility that an agent in addition to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may contribute to the etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was studied using participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) of homosexual and bisexual men enrolled in 1984-1985 and also in 1987-1991. A nested case-control analysis was conducted. The primary source of information on potential exposures and characteristics of the participants was the baseline study entry interview that was conducted prior to the development of AIDS. A total of 84 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were identified and compared with 527 participants who developed AIDS but had no evidence of cancer. The groups were similar for most sociodemographic characteristics as well as sexual activity and past history of antecedent illnesses. Although the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases reported less frequent use of recreational drugs and cigarettes compared with other persons with AIDS, these differences were not significant. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases reported more frequent intake of aspirin during the week before the interview. However, there were no differences between the comparison groups for long-term aspirin intake or intake of other analgesics. The absence of any specific and strong association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the various behavior-related activities and exposures considered in this analysis suggests that these factors are not related to a second agent in the etiology of HIV-induced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The possibility that a very common agent in this study population or that differences in the nature of the immune dysfunction resulting from HIV infection could act as a cofactor for HIV-induced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cannot be excluded.
Cathepsin D Propeptide:  Mechanism and Regulation of Its Interaction with the Catalytic Core (2006)

Propeptide blocks the active site in the inactive zymogen of cathepsin D and is cleaved off during zymogen activation. We have designed a set of peptidic fragments derived from the propeptide structure and evaluated their inhibitory potency against mature cathepsin D using a kinetic assay. Our mapping of the cathepsin D propeptide indicated two domains in the propeptide involved in the inhibitory interaction with the enzyme core: the active site "anchor" domain and the N-terminus of the propeptide. The latter plays a dominant role in propeptide inhibition (nanomolar Ki), and its high-affinity binding was corroborated by fluorescence polarization measurements. In addition to the inhibitory domains of propeptide, a fragment derived from the N-terminus of mature cathepsin D displayed inhibition. This finding supports its proposed regulatory function. The interaction mechanisms of the identified inhibitory domains were characterized by determining their modes of inhibition as well as by spatial modeling of the propeptide in the zymogen molecule. The inhibitory interaction of the N-terminal propeptide domain was abolished in the presence of sulfated polysaccharides, which interact with basic propeptide residues. The inhibitory potency of the active site anchor domain was affected by the Ala38pVal substitution, a propeptide polymorphism reported to be associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. We infer that propeptide is a sensitive tethered ligand that allows for complex modulation of cathepsin D zymogen activation.
Improving defectivity for III-V CMP processes for &#x003C;10 nm technology nodes (2014)

III-V high mobility channel materials are being considered for advanced devices beyond the 10 nm technology node. For pMOS devices, Ge and SiGe have already been shown to be viable candidates [1,2] while for nMOS devices our focus lies on III-V materials such as InP and InGaAs. For the integration of III-V channel materials, several approaches are being explored: the aspect ratio trapping (ART) method and hetero-epitaxy of III-V compound semiconductors on blanket Si using strain-relaxed buffer layers. This paper focuses on reducing the defectivity of the III-V layers during CMP steps needed for either approach. We show that the use of an improved pad/slurry combination can significantly reduce the CMP-induced damage to the InP fins in the ART approach and can achieve a post-CMP roughness r.m.s. of InGaAs SRB layers of ~0.7 nm.
Bandwidth exchange as an incentive for relaying (2008)

Relay cooperation has been recognized as an important mechanism to enhance connectivity and throughput in multi-hop wireless networks, especially under varying channel conditions. One major problem of relay cooperation is that relaying always incurs energy and possibly delay costs. To a rational and selfish node these costs are worth incurring only if it receives at least comparable returns in the long term. In light of this, we propose a new incentive mechanism called bandwidth exchange (BE) where a node can delegate a portion of its bandwidth to another node in exchange for relay cooperation. In this paper we specifically study BE in the simple form of exchanging orthogonal frequency bands to provide incentives for relaying in a wireless network. Other forms of exchanging bandwidth such as delegation of time-slots or using spreading codes of different lengths are also possible. Using a Nash Bargaining framework, we explore the advantage of BE in both static and fading channels.
Using mobile sequencers in an academic classroom (2016)

The advent of mobile DNA sequencers has made it possible to generate DNA sequencing data outside of laboratories and genome centers. Here, we report our experience of using the MinION, a mobile sequencer, in a 13-week academic course for undergraduate and graduate students. The course consisted of theoretical sessions that presented fundamental topics in genomics and several applied hackathon sessions. In these hackathons, the students used MinION sequencers to generate and analyze their own data and gain hands-on experience in the topics discussed in the theoretical classes. The manuscript describes the structure of our class, the educational material, and the lessons we learned in the process. We hope that the knowledge and material presented here will provide the community with useful tools to help educate future generations of genome scientists.
Preparation and Swelling Properties of Zeolite-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) Hydrogel Composites (2016)

Zeolite-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-co-acrylic acid (AA)) hydrogel composite materials were synthesized by in situ free radical addition polymerization technique. The swelling values obtained highly for the hydrogel are synthesized at HEMA/AA monomer ratio value of 80/20. The hydrogel composites synthesized with zeolite having -90 m particle size and 20 wt% amount showed the highest swelling degree. Zeolite adding to the hydrogel structure increased the swelling values of hydrogel. Synthesized samples were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer technique.
Improved Method for Rapid Evaluation of Chiral Stationary Phase Libraries (2000)

[figure: see text] An improved method for rapid LC/MS screening of chiral stationary phases based on the use of isotopically labeled enantiomers is reported.
DSMC-Based Shear-Stress∕Velocity-Slip Boundary Condition for Navier-Stokes Couette-Flow Simulations (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Virulence, persistence, and immunogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 aroA mutants (1989)

The virulent Yersinia enterocolitica strain 8081 killed BALB/c mice within 5 days of oral infection with a 50% lethal dose of log10 7.1, whereas an aroA mutant of 8081, YAM.1, and the plasmidless variant 8081c failed to kill mice. Unlike 8081, YAM.1 and 8081c did not persist or grow in the Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, livers, or spleens of mice. Mice immunized orally with single doses of live YAM.1 were poorly protected against a lethal 8081 challenge, whereas mice immunized with three doses of YAM.1 were moderately well protected.
Recent Evidence Regarding a Role for Cdk5 Dysregulation in Alzheimers Disease (2004)

Based on a growing literature, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been implicated in the pathological processes that contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cdk5 is ubiquitously expressed, but its activity is largely localized to post-mitotic neurons due to neuron-specific expression of its activators p35 and p39. Sufficient Cdk5 activity is critical to normal central nervous system development, as in its absence, neuronal migration and axonal path finding are deranged. Conversely, excessive and mislocalized Cdk5 activity appears to be detrimental to neuronal function. In fact, the pathological hallmarks of AD, beta-amyloid aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles, have been linked to Cdk5-mediated neuronal death. In this model, beta-amyloid is the toxic stimulus that disrupts intracellular calcium homeostasis, leading to activation of calpains, a family of calcium-dependent proteases. Calpain-mediated cleavage of p35, yields a truncated p25 fragment that possesses a longer half-life, lacks the necessary sequence targeting it to membranes, but retains the capacity to activate Cdk5. The resulting excessive and mislocalized Cdk5 activity targets tau as a substrate for hyperphosphorylation, which is a prerequisite of paired helical filament (PHF) formation. A number of recent reports, utilizing diverse methods, lend further support to this model of AD neurodegeneration, and several strategies for combating Cdk5 dysregulation have even been devised. However, the study of Cdk5 in AD is not without controversy, and questions remain regarding its role in the pathology. Herein, the most recent findings regarding this model are reviewed.
Optimal acquisition parameter selection for CT simulators in radiation oncology (2008)

The purpose of this study was to identify optimal CT acquisition parameter settings for each make and model of scanners used in a large Radiation Oncology (RO) Department, considering the special requirements of CT simulation. Two CT phantoms were used to evaluate the image quality of the five different multi-channel CT scanners using helical scan mode. We compared the effects of various pitch, detector configurations, and rotation time parameters on image artifacts, and on spatial and contrast resolution. We found that helical artifact was closely related to pitch and detector configuration settings. This artifact was scanner-specific and generally more obvious when the channel width or detector collimation was equal to the image thickness. Different acquisition parameter settings produced slight differences in observed high- and low-contrast resolution. Short rotation time degraded image quality for certain scanners, but only slightly, while other rotation times, such as 0.75 sec/rotation and above, had no obvious effect on resolution. An optimized combination of acquisition parameters was determined for each scanner make and model, based on phantom image quality and other considerations for clinical applications. This information may be directly useful for physicists whose CT simulation scanners match one of the five examined in this study. If not, the strategy reported here may be used as a guide to perform a similar evaluation of the scanner.
UVB-induced DNA breaks interfere with transcriptional induction of c-fos. (1993)

Oxidative stress may play an important role in the carcinogenic action of UVB light (290 to 320 nm). UVB light induces the growth-related immediate-early gene c-fos in JB6 mouse epidermal cells, but at the same time it causes structural damage to DNA, in particular DNA strand breakage. We have studied the effect of the modulation of the frequencies of DNA breaks on the transcriptional induction of c-fos by changing the cellular antioxidant defense or by inhibiting break repair. Reduction of UVB-induced DNA breakage in a stable transfectant with an increased complement of glutathione peroxidase enhanced the induction of c-fos. In contrast, c-fos induction was diminished in stable transfectants with Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase. Increasing the stationary concentration of UVB-induced DNA breaks by inhibition of repair in the presence of the adenosine diphosphoribose (ADPR)-transferase inhibitor 3-amino-benzamide suppressed the induction of c-fos. We conclude that DNA breaks which are induced by UVB via oxidative processes interfere with the transcriptional induction of c-fos. DNA breaks appear to exert a long-range effect on chromatin conformation which is incompatible with efficient transcription. This notion is supported by the observation that inhibition of break rejoining by 3-amino-benzamide suppressed the UVB induction of the endogenous c-fos gene and of a stably integrated construct containing the c-fos regulatory sequences linked to a reporter gene. In contrast, the induction of the same construct was not inhibited when it remained extrachromosomal in transient transfection experiments.
A novel alteration of muscle chloride channel gating in myotonia levior (2002)

Mutations in the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, result in dominant or recessive myotonia congenita. The Q552R mutation causes a variant of dominant myotonia with a milder phenotype, myotonia levior. To characterise the functional properties of this mutation, homodimeric mutant and heterodimeric wild-type (WT) mutant channels were expressed in tsA201 cells and studied using the whole-cell recording technique. Q552R ClC-1 mutants formed functional channels with normal ion conduction but altered gating properties. Mutant channels were activated by membrane depolarisation, with a voltage dependence of activation that was shifted by more than +90 mV compared to WT channels. Q552R channels were also activated by hyperpolarisation, and this process was dependent upon the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)). Together, these alterations resulted in a substantial reduction in the open probability at -85 mV at a physiological [Cl(-)](i). Heterodimeric WT-Q552R channels did not exhibit hyperpolarisation-activated gating transitions. As was the case for WT channels, activation occurred upon depolarisation, but the activation curve was shifted by 28 mV to more positive potentials. The functional properties of heterodimeric channels suggest a weakly dominant effect, a finding that correlates with the inheritance pattern and symptom profile of myotonia levior.
Hardening by bubbles in He-implanted Ni (2008)

Detailed finite-element modeling of nanoindentation data is used to obtain the mechanical properties of Ni implanted with 1–10at.% He. The mechanical properties of this material elucidate the fundamental materials science of dislocation pinning by nanometer-size gas bubbles and also have implications for radiation damage of materials. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy showed that implantation of 1–5at.% He at room temperature or at 200°C produced a highly damaged layer extending to a depth of 700–800nm and containing a fine dispersion of He bubbles with diameters of 1.1±0.2nm. Implantation at 500°C enlarged the bubble sizes. By fitting the nanoindentation data with a finite-element model that includes the responses of both the implanted layer and the unimplanted substrate in the deformation, the Ni(He) layers are shown to have hardnesses as much as approximately seven times that of untreated Ni, up to 8.3±0.6GPa. Examination of the dependence of yield strength on He concentration, bubble size, and bubble density reveals that an Orowan hardening mechanism is likely to be in operation, indicating that the bubbles pin dislocation motion as strongly as hard second-phase precipitates do. This strong pinning of dislocations by bubbles is also supported by our numerical simulations, which show that substantial applied shear stress is required to move a dislocation through an empty cavity.
A Novel Combination of Opiates and Endothelin Antagonists to Manage Pain Without Any Tolerance Development (2004)

Several neurotransmitter mechanisms have been proposed as playing a role in the development of morphine tolerance. We provide evidence for the first time that endothelin antagonists can restore morphine analgesia in morphine-tolerant rats and prevent the development of tolerance to morphine. Studies were carried out in rats and mice treated with implanted placebo or implanted morphine pellet. The maximal tail-flick latency in morphine pellet + vehicle-treated rats (7.54 seconds) was significantly lower when compared with placebo pellet + vehicle-treated rats (10 seconds), indicating that tolerance developed to the analgesic effect of morphine. BQ123 potentiated tail-flick latency by 30.0% in placebo-tolerant rats and 94.5% in morphine-tolerant rats compared with respective controls. BMS182874 potentiated tail-flick latency by 30.2% in placebo-tolerant rats and 66.7% in morphine-tolerant rats. The enhanced analgesic effect of morphine after treatment with endothelin antagonists could be blocked by naloxone, indicating an opiate-mediated effect; but naloxone binding to brain membranes was not affected by BQ123. Guanosine triphosphate binding was stimulated by morphine and endothelin-1 in non-tolerant mice and not in morphine-tolerant mice; however, guanosine triphosphate binding was stimulated by BQ123 in morphine-tolerant mice and was unaffected in non-tolerant mice. These results suggest that uncoupling of G-protein occurs in morphine tolerance and endothelin antagonist restores the coupling of G-protein to its receptors. A combination use of endothelin antagonist and opiates could provide a novel approach in improving analgesia and eliminating tolerance.