gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The regulation of microRNA expression by DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are often dysregulated and play a fundamental role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism underlying miRNA dysregulation is still elusive. In the present study, we adopted an integrated analysis strategy combining data from genome-wide methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip and miRNA expression microarray to study the regulation of DNA methylation on miRNA expression in HCC. We first characterized 864 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located in 236 miRNA regions between cancerous and normal hepatocytes in HCC. We observed that the occurrence of miRNA DNA hypomethylation was more common than its hypermethylation while miRNA DNA hypermethylation was usually found in CpG islands. Then through correlation analysis between miRNA methylation and expression data, we identified 10 dysregulated miRNAs under the potential regulation of DNA methylation in HCC. Five of them (miR-148a, miR-375, miR-195, miR-497 and miR-378) were in hypermethylation and down-regulation status, while another five (miR-106b, miR-25, miR-93, miR-23a and miR-27a) were in hypomethylation and up-regulation status in HCC. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-148a may form a negative feedback loop with its targets DNMT1 and DNMT3B and the expression of the miR-195/497 cluster may be affected not only by their hypermethylated promoter region but also by their hypermethylated transcription factors NEUROG2 and DDIT3. Conclusion: our preliminary data and bioinformatics analysis suggest that DNA methylation plays an important and complex role in the regulation of miRNA expression in HCC, which may provide insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and thus may be used for diagnosis and intervention.
Planarization of high aspect ratio p-i-n diode pillar arrays for blanket electrical contacts (2010)

Two planarization techniques for high aspect ratio three dimensional pillar structured p-i-n diodes have been developed in order to enable a continuous coating of metal on the top of the structures. The first technique allows for coating of structures with topography through the use of a planarizing photoresist followed by reactive ion etch-back to expose the tops of the pillar structure. The second technique also utilizes photoresist but instead allows for planarization of a structure in which the pillars are filled and coated with a conformal coating by matching the etch rate of the photoresist to the underlying layers. These techniques enable deposition using either sputtering or electron beam evaporation of metal films to allow for electrical contact to the tops of the underlying pillar structure. These processes have potential applications for many devices comprised of three dimensional high aspect ratio structures.
Tales From the Tail: What Do We Really Know About Sperm Motility? (2003)

Male factor infertility is a significant problem in humans and domestic animals In humans, it is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile and that, in 50% of these cases, the infertility can be attributed, at least in part, to the male partner (World Health Organization, 1990). Similarly, in animals, it is likely that infertility in the male is at least as common as in the female. Economic losses due to reproductive inefficiency in male animals can be substantial, particularly when infertility affects a genetically superior individual Although some instances of male factor infertility can be explained by readily identifiable pathologies of the reproductive tract or deficiencies in reproductive hormones, many others remain idiopathic. Common problems in subfertile and infertile human and animal patients include low sperm numbers, low numbers of morphologically normal sperm, and low numbers of motile sperm Although the correlations between sperm numbers and fertility as well as sperm morphology and fertility are not always strong, it is generally accepted that immotile or poorly motile sperm are incapable of fertilization without extensive laboratory assistance.
Methods for droplet size distribution determination of water-inoil emulsions using low-field NMR (2009)

A method using Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance PFG-NMR for water-incrude oil emulsion droplet size determination has been optimized and compared with optical microscope for validation. The method applies a combination of Pulsed-Field Gradient (PFG) NMR, Stimulated Echo (STE), and Carr-Purcell-Meimboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences for measuring diffusion, resolving oil and water signal and for measuring the attenuation due to a distribution in T2 values. This returns the droplet size distributions of water-in-oil emulsions within a minute. No prior assumption is made on the shape of the droplet size distribution, which enables the method to resolve for instance bimodal distributions. To validate this method, three different crude oils were used in the experiment. The emulsions prepared had water cuts from 10 to 40 %. The correlation between PFG-NMR and optical microscopy was good for the emulsions. Any potential discrepancies between the two techniques are discussed, so are the limitations and advantages of the methods.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> correlation of clotting protease activity: Effect of heparin (1977)

The thrombogenicity of three highly purified proteases (thrombin, activated Factor X, and activated Factor IX) was determined quantitatively in an animal model. The minimal amounts required to produce a standard score 4 thrombus were 1.1 nmol for thrombin, 0.12 nmol for activated Factor X, and 0.018 nmol for activated Factor IX. After the administration of heparin at 5, 10, and 20 units/kg in rabbits, the thrombogenicity of each of these proteases decreased progressively. The heparin-induced inhibition of thrombosis decreased in the order, activated Factor IX > activated Factor X > thrombin at each heparin concentration. These differences were statistically significant. These in vivo data provide support for the following hypotheses originally developed from in vitro experiments: (i) activation of the blood coagulation system, which proceeds through a cascade mechanism, incorporates biochemical amplification; (ii) the inhibition of activated Factor IX by antithrombin III in the presence of heparin is an important reaction in the prevention of thrombosis; (iii) less heparin is required to inhibit thrombosis prior to thrombin generation than afterward; (iv) an increase in the reactivity of antithrombin III reflects a decreased tendency to thrombosis while a decrease in this reactivity reflects an increased tendency to thrombosis.
Toward automated model building from video in computer-assisted diagnoses in colonoscopy (2007)

A 3D colon model is an essential component of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system in colonoscopy to assist surgeons in visualization, and surgical planning and training. This research is thus aimed at developing the ability to construct a 3D colon model from endoscopic videos (or images). This paper summarizes our ongoing research in automated model building in colonoscopy. We have developed the mathematical formulations and algorithms for modeling static, localized 3D anatomic structures within a colon that can be rendered from multiple novel view points for close scrutiny and precise dimensioning. This ability is useful for the scenario when a surgeon notices some abnormal tissue growth and wants a close inspection and precise dimensioning. Our modeling system uses only video images and follows a well-established computer-vision paradigm for image-based modeling. We extract prominent features from images and establish their correspondences across multiple images by continuous tracking and discrete matching. We then use these feature correspondences to infer the camera's movement. The camera motion parameters allow us to rectify images into a standard stereo configuration and calculate pixel movements (disparity) in these images. The inferred disparity is then used to recover 3D surface depth. The inferred 3D depth, together with texture information recorded in images, allow us to construct a 3D model with both structure and appearance information that can be rendered from multiple novel view points.
Hot-Atom Chemiluminescence: A Beam Study Of The O(<sup>3</sup>P) + H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> Systems (2004)

A beam of fast oxygen atoms in the O( 3 P) state was collided with H 2 and CH 4 at 10 - 300 eV lab . Chemiluminescence spectra for the H 2 target show OH(A-X) emission, while for the CH 4 target OH(A-X) as well as CH(A,B-X) emissions are observed. Excitation functions were obtained. For the H 2 target they resemble those of N( 4 S) + H 2 collisions, while for the methane target the OH(A) yield increases with collision energy up to 50 eV CM and later decreases slowly, according to the “billiard ball” model.
A Critical Function of Th17 Proinflammatory Cells in the Development of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Mice (2010)

Considerable evidence supports that the CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune response contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. However, the effects of Th17 cells on atherosclerosis are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we evaluated the production and function of Th17 and Th1 cells in atherosclerotic-susceptible ApoE(-/-) mice. We observed that the proportion of Th17 cells, as well as Th1, increased in atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice compared with nonatherosclerotic wild-type littermates. In ApoE(-/-) mice with atherosclerosis, the expression of IL-17 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt was substantially higher in the arterial wall with plaque than in the arterial wall without plaque. Increased Th17 cells were associated with the magnitude of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE(-/-) mice. Importantly, treatment of ApoE(-/-) mice with neutralizing anti-IL-17 Ab dramatically inhibited the development of atherosclerotic plaque, whereas rIL-17 application significantly promoted the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. These data demonstrate that Th17 cells play a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice, which may have implications in patients with atherosclerosis.
Resource constrained RTL partitioning for synthesis of multi-FPGA designs (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of partitioning register level designs for implementation on multiple FPGAs. The partitioner uses a modified multi-way Fiduccia-Mattheyses algorithm. Cost estimation functions needed by the partitioner to estimate the resources needed by the design on a FPGA have been developed. The methodology for estimation of resources on an FPGA (function generators, flip-flops and CLBs), and partitioning of the design are discussed in detail.
Bispecific T-Cell Redirection versus Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells as Approaches to Kill Cancer Cells (2019)

The concepts for T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies (TRBAs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are both at least 30 years old but both platforms are just now coming into age. Two TRBAs and two CAR-T cell products have been approved by major regulatory agencies within the last ten years for the treatment of hematological cancers and an additional 53 TRBAs and 246 CAR cell constructs are in clinical trials today. Two major groups of TRBAs include small, short-half-life bispecific antibodies that include bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTE<sup>®</sup>s) which require continuous dosing and larger, mostly IgG-like bispecific antibodies with extended pharmacokinetics that can be dosed infrequently. Most CAR-T cells today are autologous, although significant strides are being made to develop off-the-shelf, allogeneic CAR-based products. CAR-Ts form a cytolytic synapse with target cells that is very different from the classical immune synapse both physically and mechanistically, whereas the TRBA-induced synapse is similar to the classic immune synapse. Both TRBAs and CAR-T cells are highly efficacious in clinical trials but both also present safety concerns, particularly with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. New formats and dosing paradigms for TRBAs and CAR-T cells are being developed in efforts to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity, as well as to optimize use with both solid and hematologic tumors, both of which present significant challenges such as target heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
STRUCTURAL AND FERROELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PZT THIN FILMS (2002)

Pb(Zr x Ti 1-x ) O 3 (PZT) films were prepared on the ITO coated glass plates in sol-gel dip-coating process and post-annealing at different temperatures. The structural properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the PZT ferroelectric thin films with (110) preferential orientation and well-crystallized perovskite structure can be obtained after annealing at 680°C for 30 minutes. The P-E hysteresis loops were measured by the Sawyer-Tower test system with a compensation resistor at room temperature. Values of the remanent polarization (P r ) and the coercive electric field (E c ) are 19.36• C/cm 2 and 95 kV/cm, respectively, for the prepared PZT thin films. The relative dielectric constant ε r and the dissipation factor tg• of the PZT thin films are equal to 639 and 0.23, respectively, which were measured in a LCR meter.
Four‐week open‐label trial of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin for the treatment of recurrent or refractory pouchitis (2002)

Four-week treatment with a combination of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin is highly effective in patients with active recurrent or refractory pouchitis, objectively improving the inflammation and quality of life. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire is a sensitive tool for evaluating patients with pouchitis, and correlates well with disease activity.
Crosstalk in a Two-Channel Coherent Fiber Optic ASK System Using an Optical Amplifier and Non-Negligible Linewidth Lasers (1988)

Future multichannel coherent fiber optic systems will most likely employ optical amplifiers as repeaters and/or signal boosters.1 Such systems will experience an additional crosstalk due to the amplifiers and will therefore need increased channel spacing compared to non-amplifier multichannel systems. Also, in low or medium bit rate applications, the coherent system would probably experience a penalty due to the non-negligible linewidths of the source and local oscillator (LO) lasers.2 This paper presents an experimental study of the crosstalk and channel spacing in a 150 Mb/s two-channel ASK system using a semiconductor laser amplifier and 1.55 μm DCPBH-DFB lasers.
Current Status and Therapy of Neonatal<i>E. coli</i>Meningitis (1974)

A cooperative research effort has greatly improved the overall prognosis of infants with coliform meningitis by demonstrating a strong correlation between the presence of a particular antigen (one of nearly 300 antigens possessed by E. Coli) and the pathogen's ability to infect the C N s and produce a highly lethal, purulent disease. More effective management is already at hand and future prevention may become possible.
Annotation and expression profile analysis of 2073 full‐length cDNAs from stress‐induced maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) seedlings (2006)

Full-length cDNAs are very important for genome annotation and functional analysis of genes. The number of full-length cDNAs from maize (Zea mays L.) remains limited. Here we report the construction of a full-length enriched cDNA library from osmotically stressed maize seedlings by using the modified CAP trapper method. From this library, 2073 full-length cDNAs were collected and further analyzed by sequencing from both the 5'- and 3'-ends. A total of 1728 (83.4%) sequences did not match known maize mRNA and full-length cDNA sequences in the GenBank database and represent new full-length genes. After alignment of the 2073 full-length cDNAs with 448 maize BAC sequences, it was found that 84 full-length cDNAs could be mapped to the BACs. Of these, 43 genes (51.2%) have been correctly annotated from the BAC clones, 37 genes (44.0%) have been annotated with a different exon-intron structure from our cDNA, and four genes (4.76%) had no annotations in the TIGR database. Expression analysis of 2073 full-length maize cDNAs using a cDNA macroarray led to the identification of 79 genes upregulated by stress treatments and 329 downregulated genes. Of the 79 stress-inducible genes, 30 genes contain ABRE, DRE, MYB, MYC core sequences or other abiotic-responsive cis-acting elements in their promoters. These results suggest that these cis-acting elements and the corresponding transcription factors take part in plant responses to osmotic stress either cooperatively or independently. Additionally, the data suggest that an ethylene signaling pathway may be involved in the maize response to drought stress.
Inorganic Microchemistry (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic MicrochemistryPhilip W. WestCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 5, 71–79Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online12 July 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60161a610https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60161a610research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thematic review series: Skin Lipids. The role of epidermal lipids in cutaneous permeability barrier homeostasis (2007)

The permeability barrier is required for terrestrial life and is localized to the stratum corneum, where extracellular lipid membranes inhibit water movement. The lipids that constitute the extracellular matrix have a unique composition and are 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol, and 15% free fatty acids. Essential fatty acid deficiency results in abnormalities in stratum corneum structure function. The lipids are delivered to the extracellular space by the secretion of lamellar bodies, which contain phospholipids, glucosylceramides, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and enzymes. In the extracellular space, the lamellar body lipids are metabolized by enzymes to the lipids that form the lamellar membranes. The lipids contained in the lamellar bodies are derived from both epidermal lipid synthesis and extracutaneous sources. Inhibition of cholesterol, fatty acid, ceramide, or glucosylceramide synthesis adversely affects lamellar body formation, thereby impairing barrier homeostasis. Studies have further shown that the elongation and desaturation of fatty acids is also required for barrier homeostasis. The mechanisms that mediate the uptake of extracutaneous lipids by the epidermis are unknown, but keratinocytes express LDL and scavenger receptor class B type 1, fatty acid transport proteins, and CD36. Topical application of physiologic lipids can improve permeability barrier homeostasis and has been useful in the treatment of cutaneous disorders.
Enantioselective Oxidation of Alkenes with Potassium Permanganate Catalyzed by Chiral Dicationic Bisguanidinium (2015)

Chiral anion-controlled ion-pairing catalysis was demonstrated to be a wide-ranging strategy that can utilize a variety of cationic metal species. In a similar manner, we envision a complementary strategy using chiral cation in partnership with inorganic anionic metal salts. Herein, we report a chiral dicationic bisguanidinium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation reaction of alkenes with potassium permanganate. Chiral induction is attributed to ion-pairing interaction between chiral cation and enolate anion. The success of the current permanganate oxidation reaction together with mechanistic insights should provide inspiration for expansion to other anionic metal salts and would open up new paradigms for asymmetric transition metal catalysis, phase-transfer catalysis, and ion-pairing catalysis.
Edward Lobb, T. S. Eliot and the Romantic Critical Tradition (London, Boston, and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, £10·50). Pp. xiii, 194. - George Kearns, Guide to Ezra Pound's Selected Cantos (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press and Folkstone: Wm. Dawson and Sons Ltd., 1980, £17·95). Pp. xiii, 306. - Harry Levin, Memories of the Moderns (London: Faber and Faber, 1981, £7·95). Pp. 257. (1982)

Edward Lobb, T. S. Eliot and the Romantic Critical Tradition (London, Boston, and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, £10·50). Pp. xiii, 194. - George Kearns, Guide to Ezra Pound's Selected Cantos (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press and Folkstone: Wm. Dawson and Sons Ltd., 1980, £17·95). Pp. xiii, 306. - Harry Levin, Memories of the Moderns (London: Faber and Faber, 1981, £7·95). Pp. 257. - Volume 16 Issue 1
862. Complexes of titanium and zirconium halides with organic ligands (1958)

H. J. Emeléus and G. S. Rao, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 4245 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580004245
Impedance of Loaded Lines, and Design of Simulating and Compensating Networks (1924)

A knowledge of the impedance characteristics of loaded lines is of considerable importance in telephone engineering, and particularly in the engineering of telephone repeaters. The first half of the present paper deals with the impedance of non-dissipative loaded lines as a function of the frequency and the line constants, by means of description accompanied by equations transformed to the most suitable forms and by graphs of those equations; and it outlines qualitatively the nature of the modifications produced by dissipation. The characteristics are correlated with those of the corresponding smooth line. The somewhat complicated effects produced by the presence of distributed inductance are investigated rather fully. In the absence of distributed inductance a loaded line would have only one transmitting band, extending from zero frequency to the critical frequency. Actually, however, every line — even a cable — has some distributed inductance; and the effect of distributed inductance, besides altering the nominal impedance and the critical frequency, is to introduce into the attenuating range above the critical frequency a series of relatively narrow transmitting bands — here termed the “minor transmitting bands” — spaced at relatively wide intervals. The paper is concerned primarily with the impedance in the first or major transmitting band; but it investigates the minor transmitting bands sufficiently to determine how they depend on the distributed inductance, and to derive general formulas and graphical methods for finding their locations and widths — an investigation involving rather extensive analysis. The latter half of the paper describes various networks devised for simulating and for compensating the impedance of loaded lines; it furnishes design-formulas and supplementary design-methods for all of the networks depicted; and outlines a considerable number of applications pertaining to lines and to repeaters.