gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fragrance, The Psychology and Biology of Perfume (1992)

Introduction. The psychology of personality and aesthetics. Olfactory hedonics in infants and young children. The semiotic relevance of human olfaction: a biological approach. Ageing and the sense of smell: potential benefits of fragrance enhancement. Mammals and semiochemicals. Human semiochemicals. Individual differences in olfactory ability. From moods to molecules: the psychopharmacology of perfumery and aromatherapy. The use of odour in the study of emotion. Cognitive and non-cognitive effects of odour exposure: electrophysiological and behavioural evidence. Olfactory evoked potential activity and hedonics. The brain and the sense of smell: can we begin to make sense of cortical information after an odour has been received? Psychophysiological studies of fragrances. Perfume classification: a new approach. The typography of perfume advertising. The effect of social and economic changes and trends in fashion and their effects on international perfumery marketing. Perspectives in aromatherapy. The anthropology of smell and scent in ancient Egypt and South American shamanism. Index.
Bacterium-Like Particles for Efficient Immune Stimulation of Existing Vaccines and New Subunit Vaccines in Mucosal Applications (2013)

The successful development of a mucosal vaccine depends critically on the use of a safe and effective immunostimulant and/or carrier system. This review describes the effectiveness and mode of action of an immunostimulating particle, derived from bacteria, used in mucosal subunit vaccines. The non-living particles, designated bacterium-like particles are based on the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The focus of the overview is on the development of intranasal BLP-based vaccines to prevent diseases caused by influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, and includes a selection of Phase I clinical data for the intranasal FluGEM vaccine.
14.3 A 28nm SoC with a 1.2GHz 568nJ/prediction sparse deep-neural-network engine with >0.1 timing error rate tolerance for IoT applications (2017)

This paper presents a 28nm SoC with a programmable FC-DNN accelerator design that demonstrates: (1) HW support to exploit data sparsity by eliding unnecessary computations (4× energy reduction); (2) improved algorithmic error tolerance using sign-magnitude number format for weights and datapath computation; (3) improved circuit-level timing violation tolerance in datapath logic via timeborrowing; (4) combined circuit and algorithmic resilience with Razor timing violation detection to reduce energy via VDD scaling or increase throughput via FCLK scaling; and (5) high classification accuracy (98.36% for MNIST test set) while tolerating aggregate timing violation rates >10-1. The accelerator achieves a minimum energy of 0.36μJ/pred at 667MHz, maximum throughput at 1.2GHz and 0.57μJ/pred, or a 10%-margined operating point at 1GHz and 0.58μJ/pred.
SURFACE PROPERTIES OF FUSED SALTS AND GLASSES: I SESSILE‐DROP METHOD FOR DETERMINING SURFACE TENSION AND DENSITY OF VISCOUS LIQUIDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES * (1938)

A bstract An apparatus is described which allows measurements to be made of the contact angle and the exact dimensions of a sessile drop of liquid resting on an electrode graphite surface in vacua or in nitrogen atmosphere. Temperatures up to 1100°C have been employed. Under these conditions, surface tension and gravity are the only forces acting on the drop, and the exact shape, surface, and volume may be computed from the tables of Bashforth and Adams. The method may be used with liquids having viscosities up to 600 poises, whereas the bubble‐pressure method used by Jaeger is limited to liquids of viscosity less than 70 poises. On the basis of internal evidence, the surface‐tension values obtained by the sessile‐drop method are considered correct within 5%. They also agree with data by Jaeger, but are, roughly, twice as great as those of Washburn and Libmart, who used a ring method. The probable error in Washburn and Libman's work appears to be in their assumption of zero contact angle.
Scorecard element in pmml 4.1 provides rich, accurate exchange of predictive models for improved business decisions (2011)

This paper illustrates the dedicated Scorecard element introduced in the 4.1 specification of the PMML standard, including the various design and computational options available for returning reason codes alongside each computed score. The paper is intended to help both producers and consumers of scorecards as PMML documents.
Role of Protein Phosphatase 2A in mGluR5-regulated MEK/ERK Phosphorylation in Neurons (2005)

The regulation of protein phosphorylation requires coordinated interaction between protein kinases and protein phosphatases (PPs). Recent evidence has shown that the Galphaq-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 up-regulates phosphorylation of MAPK/ERK1/2. However, signaling mechanisms linking mGluR5 to ERK are poorly understood. In this study, roles of a major serine/threonine PP, PP2A, in this event were evaluated in cultured neurons. We found that the PP1/2A inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A mimicked the effect of the mGluR5 agonists (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine and (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine in facilitating phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its upstream kinase, MEK1/2, in a PP2A-dependent but not PP1-dependent manner. Co-administration of either inhibitor with an mGluR5 agonist produced additive phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Enzymatic assays showed a basal level of phosphatase activity of PP2A under normal conditions, and activation of mGluR5 selectively inhibited PP2A, but not PP1, activity. In addition, a physical association of the cytoplasmic C terminus of mGluR5 with PP2A was observed, and ligand activation of mGluR5 reduced mGluR5-PP2A binding. Additional mechanistic studies revealed that mGluR5 activation increased tyrosine (Tyr307) phosphorylation of PP2A, which was dependent on activation of a p60c-Src family tyrosine kinase, but not the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and resulted in dissociation of PP2A from mGluR5 and reduced PP2A activity. Together, we have identified a novel, mGluR5-triggered signaling mechanism involving use- and Src-dependent inactivation of PP2A, which contributes to mGluR5 activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2.
Determining the state-of-health of maintenance-free aircraft batteries (2002)

This paper presents an overview of methods to determine the state-of-health of maintenance-free aircraft batteries. The various failure modes of aircraft batteries are discussed, along with methods of detecting failed batteries. Specific examples of detection methods are presented for the F-16, F-18, AV-8B, B-1B, and B-52 aircraft batteries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Role of <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> infection (2007)

Mortality is high with acute exacerbation of IPF. Acute infection with C. pneumoniae is uncommon at the time of presentation with acute exacerbation of IPF.
Fear factor: prey habitat selection and its consequences in a predation risk landscape (2006)

Predation risk influences prey use of space. However, little is known about how predation risk influences breeding habitat selection and the fitness consequences of these decisions. The nest sites of central‐place foraging predators may spatially anchor predation risk in the landscape. We explored how the spatial dispersion of avian predator nests influenced prey territory location and fitness related measures. We placed 249 nest boxes for migrant pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca , at distances between 10 and 630 m, around seven different sparrowhawk nests Accipiter nisus . After closely monitoring flycatcher nests we found that flycatcher arrival dates, nest box occupation rates and clutch size showed a unimodal relationship with distance from sparrowhawk nests. This relationship suggested an optimal territory location at intermediate distances between 330 and 430 m from sparrowhawk nests. Furthermore, pied flycatcher nestling quantity and quality increased linearly with distance from sparrowhawk nests. These fitness related measures were between 4 and 26% larger in flycatcher nestlings raised far from, relative to those raised nearby, sparrowhawk nests. Our results suggest that breeding sparrowhawk affected both flycatcher habitat selection and reproductive success. We propose that nesting predators create predictable spatial variation in predation risk for both adult prey and possibly their nests, to which prey individuals are able to adaptively respond. Recognising predictable spatial variation in perceived predation risk may be fundamental for a proper understanding of predator‐prey interactions and indeed prey species interactions.
NEW METHOD OF PRODUCING BEER BY CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION* (1960)

A new method of fermenting brewer's wort continuously under steady-state conditions has been devised using flocculent yeast strains. As a result, substantially no yeast escapes in the effluent beer, so that problems associated with yeast separation are minimized. At the same time, the accumulation of yeast within the fermentation vessel leads to high rates of fermentation and very low rates of yeast reproduction. Palatable beers have been produced when the time taken for fermentation was as low as 7 hr.
Comparative study of the N-isobutyl-(2E,6Z)-dodecadienamide chemical and electrochemical syntheses (2008)

In order to show the advantages and limitations of organic electrosynthesis in the total synthesis of a natural product, one of the promising green chemistry techniques in organic chemistry, the synthesis of N-isobutyl-(2E,6Z)-dodecadienamide (3) was undertaken. Chemical and electrochemical routes that use the same intermediates were used to carry out the syntheses. Four reactions were compared from a green chemistry point of view in the synthesis of 3: (a) alcohol to aldehyde oxidation, (b) the Horner–Emmons reaction, (c) carboxylic acid amidation with triphenylphosphonium ions and (d) the Wittig reaction. All the electrolyses were carried out in non-divided cells at a constant current. The electrochemical method in the oxidation reaction of alcohols and the carboxylic acid amidation gave better yields (95% and 67%, respectively) than the corresponding chemical reactions. The Horner–Emmons reaction gave the same yields in both techniques (80–85%); however, the electrochemical method was more environmentally friendly, due to the fact that the base used was electrogenerated, avoiding corrosive and sensitive base manipulation. Finally, the electrochemical Wittig reaction was unsuccessful in the different experimental conditions attempted, and only the chemical method produced the target product. This study demonstrated that organic electrochemistry can be a reliable method for the synthesis of important intermediates, but not all electrochemical reactions can compete with the already well-established methods of organic chemistry.
Internet enabled digital photography (2002)

The exposure of consumers to the Internet is opening up broad new markets for data-centric services and products. One of these new markets is that of digital photography. A key to growing this emerging market segment lies in simplifying the mechanisms for connecting digital cameras and other sources of digital images to the Internet. We describe a number of mechanisms of achieving such connectivity using existing desktop PC and Web technology, and additionally using a new generation of consumer Internet appliances. In addition details are given of the server-side infrastructure required to support a range of network-oriented services.
On the Energy Efficiency of Microwave‐Assisted Organic Reactions (2007)

The energy consumed for four different organic transformations carried out under microwave and conventional heating under otherwise identical reaction conditions was measured with the aid of a Wattmeter. In the case of open-vessel reflux processing, microwave dielectric heating required significantly more energy than conventional techniques using oil baths or heating mantles. This is a consequence of the comparably low energy efficiency of the magnetron in converting electrical to microwave energy. Significant savings in energy were experienced by taking advantage of sealed-vessel microwave processing at high temperatures. When comparing a conventionally heated reflux experiment with a microwave-heated experiment using a superheated solvent in a sealed vessel, reaction times were reduced significantly from hours to minutes. The energy savings in these instances are, however, largely connected to the reduced reaction time and are not an inherent feature of microwave heating.
Disability and Quality of Life in Social Phobia: Epidemiologic Findings (2000)

Social phobia can be a serious, disabling anxiety disorder associated with marked reduction in quality of life. Impairment in social phobia is substantial, even in the absence of comorbid major depression.
Offloading Android applications to the cloud without customizing Android (2012)

Spreading more than twice as fast as PCs, smartphones are quickly becoming the primary mean for Internet access. However, smartphones today are still constrained by limited computation resources such as CPU, memory and battery. In this paper, we present a framework that automatically offloads heavy back-end tasks of a regular standalone Android application to an Android virtual machine in the cloud. This framework can be deployed in the application layer without modifying the underlying Android platform. It also features three metrics that consider total response time, energy consumption and remaining battery life in deciding whether a task should be offloaded.
Two Ion Sources for the Production of Multiply Charged Nitrogen Ions (1954)

Two ion sources have been developed for the production of milliamperes of N+, N2+, N3+, and N4+ ions. Under good operating conditions, 28 ma of N3+ and 10 ma of N4+ are produced. Details of source construction are given and a method for analyzing the source output is presented. Characteristics of both sources as a function of arc current and arc voltage are investigated.
Pulmonary Outcome in Cystic Fibrosis Is Influenced Primarily by Mucoid <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection and Immune Status and Only Modestly by Genotype (1999)

Whether allelic variants of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) independently contribute to pulmonary outcome in CF patients has not been resolved. We used both cross-sectional and mixed-model longitudinal analyses of data from CF patients that were at least 12 years old to determine the influence on pulmonary function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume [FEV(1)]) of the CFTR gene genotype, gender, mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPA) infection status, presence of total opsonic antibody to MPA, and, separately, the opsonic antibody activity specific to the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) surface antigen. Two different factors were independently associated with the lack of MPA infection: a high level of MEP-specific opsonic activity (MSOA), implicating an immunologically based mechanism of resistance to infection, and a lack of any type of opsonic antibody to MPA, indicative of no significant exposure or infection. This latter phenotype was found in a subset of CF patients who carried at least one uncommon CFTR gene allele suggestive of a genetic basis for resistance to infection in this group of older CF patients. For CF patients in whom both CFTR gene alleles were identified by screening for the 12 most common variants (75% of alleles), cross-sectional analysis showed that MPA infection was best correlated with lower percent predicted FEV(1), while genotype (two versus one DeltaF508 CFTR gene allele) and a low level of MSOA were associated with increased risk of infection. A mixed-model analysis of longitudinal spirometric measurements that considered multiple risk factors to derive regression equations was used to determine which clinical parameters had the greatest effect on the annual rate of decline in percent predicted FEV(1). This analysis showed that the CFTR gene genotype only modestly modified the constant (y intercept) of the derived equations, while gender and MPA infection status had the largest effects on annual rates of decline in percent predicted FEV(1). These results indicate that the CFTR genotype is usually not a primary determinant of pulmonary function in most CF patients, but gender and MPA infection status are. Infection status is potentially influenced by both immunologic (a high level of MSOA) and genetic factors, such as carriage of a CFTR gene allele that leads to a diagnosis of CF but still confers resistance to infection that is comparable to that of the wild-type CFTR gene.
Automatic Mura Detection for Display Film Using Mask Filtering in Wavelet Transform (2015)

In this letter, we present a method for automatic mura detection for display film using the efficient decision of cut-off frequency with DCT and mask filtering with wavelet transform. First, the background image including reflected light is estimated using DCT with adaptive cut-off frequency, and DWT is applied to background-removed images for generating mura mask. Then, a mura mask is generated by separating low-frequency noise in the approximation coefficients. Lastly, mura is detected by applying mura mask filtering to the detail coefficients. According to the comparison by Semu index, the results from the proposed method are superior to those from the existing methods. This indicates that the proposed method is high in reliability.
Dietary Supplements for Arthritis and other Inflammatory Conditions: Key Role of Mast Cells and Benefit of Combining Anti-Inflammatory and Proteoglycan Products (2003)

Arthritis is estimated to affect over 30% of all adults and all the available drugs add considerable morbidity and mortality of their own. A recent therapeutic approach targets the mast cells that are currently considered critical in a variety of inflammatory diseases, especially arthritis. Mast cells could be activated by many immune and neural triggers, as well as by many food substances and drugs leading to secretion of numerous vasoactive and inflammatory molecules. Recent studies have shown that mast cells can be inhibited by certain naturally occurring flavonoids, such as quercetin, and the sulfated proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate. Glucosamine and chondroitin are present in many dietary supplements, but neither the source nor the purity of the active substances is listed; moreover, these formulations do not permit sufficient absorption, due to the high molecular weight and negative charge. Moreover, a common source of chondroitin sulfate is cow trachea with the risk of spongioform encephalopathy (mad cow disease). A new series of dietary supplements (Algonot-Plus®) are based on published scientific evidence and combine quercetin, glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate of high purity in formulations that include kernel olive oil to increase absorption of the inhibitory substances.
Mast Cells are Essential for the Full Development of Silica-induced Pulmonary Inflammation: A Study with Mast Cell-deficient Mice (1993)

Silicosis provides a good model for chronic interstitial pulmonary inflammation. In order to clarify the role of mast cells in the development of interstitial lung diseases, silica suspension was transnasally administered to mast cell-deficient mice (WBB6F1-W/Wv) and their mast cell-intact littermates (WBB6F1(-)+/+) as well as to normal mice (C57BL/6). Histologic examinations and analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) components indicated that silica instillation induces less severe lung lesions in mast cell-deficient mice than in mast cell-intact mice. BALF neutrophilia was prominent in mast cell-intact mice, but mast cell-deficient mice developed significantly milder BALF neutrophilia. An increase in the number of lung mast cells was observed in mast cell-intact mice. To further prove the involvement of mast cells, bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells from +/+ mice were adoptively transferred to mast cell-deficient mice. These mast cell-reconstituted mice developed more severe pulmonary lesions than did the mast cell-deficient mice; the severity of the lesions was similar to that in mast cell-intact mice. In addition, BALF neutrophilia was elicited by mast cell reconstitution. A significant number of mast cells was found in the lungs of mast cell-reconstituted mice when silica was administered. These results suggest the involvement of mast cells in the development of silicosis and implicate interactions between mast cells and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Restriction Fragment Mapping of Branhamella catarrhalis: A New Tool for Studying the Epidemiology of This Middle Ear Pathogen (1988)

Journal Article Restriction Fragment Mapping of Branhamella catarrhalis: A New Tool for Studying the Epidemiology of This Middle Ear Pathogen Get access Douglas P. Dickinson, Douglas P. Dickinson Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Douglas P. Dickinson at his present address: Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dental Branch, 6516 John Freeman Avenue, P.O. Box 20068, Houston, Texas 77025. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruno G. Laos, Bruno G. Laos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Diane M. Dryja, Diane M. Dryja Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joel M. Bernstein Joel M. Bernstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 1, July 1988, Pages 205–208, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.1.205 Published: 01 July 1988 Article history Received: 30 December 1987 Published: 01 July 1988
Préparation de matrices microporeuses d'organogel et évaluation en culture cellulaire (2009)

Following the international guidelines criteria an adequate "diagnostic conclusion" of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be achieved only if clinical, endoscopic and laboratory findings, together with sample technical adequacy and unequivocal histomorphological signs of the disease are available. Thus, a conclusive diagnosis requires a complex combination of clinical, endoscopic and histological data. A considerable number of endoscopic biopsies obtained from IBD patients do not meet the above-mentioned requirements. The aim of the present proposal is to introduce a binary system of evaluation in the "diagnostic conclusion" of the histopathological report that will help to simplify the clinical decisions and consequent patient management. In patients with no history of disease, the pathologist should classify the biopsies in "Diagnostic", when the criteria established by the international guidelines are satisfied and "not diagnostic" when one or more of the above-mentioned criteria are not met. The term "not diagnostic" should replace "highly suggestive" and "probable". This new terminology could avoid ambiguous expressions that encourage the clinician to classify the patient as affected by IBD without fulfilling all of the requirements for an accurate diagnostic approach.