gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of theATF2 gene encoding alcohol acetyltransferase II in the bottom fermenting yeastSaccharomyces pastorianus (1999)

The ATF2 gene encodes alcohol acetyltransferase II, which catalyses the synthesis of isoamyl acetate from acetyl coenzyme A and isoamyl alcohol. To characterize the ATF2 gene from the bottom fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus, the S. pastorianus ATF2 gene was cloned by colony hybridization using the S. cerevisiae ATF2 gene as a probe. When an atf1 null mutant strain was transformed with a multi-copy plasmid carrying the S. pastorianus ATF2 gene, the AATase activity of this strain was increased by 2·5-fold compared to the control. The S. pastorianus ATF2 gene has 99% nucleic acid homology in the coding region and 100% amino acid homology with the S. cerevisiae ATF2 gene. Southern blot analysis of chromosomes separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis indicated that the ATF2 gene probe hybridized to chromosome VII in S. cerevisiae and to the 1100 kb chromosome in S. pastorianus. As S. pastorianus is thought to be a hybrid of S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus, the S. bayanus-type gene, which has a relatively low level of homology with the S. cerevisiae-type gene, is also usually detected. Interestingly, an S. bayanus-type ATF2 gene could not be detected. These results suggested that the cloned ATF2 gene was derived from S. cerevisiae. Analysis using an ATF2–lacZ fusion gene in S. pastorianus showed that expression of the ATF2 gene was relatively lower than that of the ATF1 gene and that it is repressed by aeration but activated by the addition of unsaturated fatty acids. The S. pastorianus ATF1, Lg-ATF1 and ATF2 Accession Numbers in the DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Database are D63449, D63450 and D86480, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison between conventional and collapse-mode capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers in 10-MHz 1-D arrays (2013)

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between a collapse-mode and a conventional-mode capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT); both devices have a 1-μm-thick silicon plate and operate at 10 MHz when biased at 100 V. The radii of the circular plates and the gap heights are modified to meet the design specifications required for a fair comparison. Finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the collapse-mode CMUT has higher output pressure sensitivity (46.5 kPa/V) than the conventional CMUT (13.1 kPa/V), and achieves a 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 124% compared with 128% for the conventional mode. These results were validated by experiments performed on devices fabricated in a 1-D phased array configuration using the local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS)/wafer-bonding process. The measured output pressure sensitivity and the FBW of the collapse-mode and the conventional CMUTs at 100 V were 26.4 kPa/V and 103% and 12.7 kPa/V and 111%, respectively. The maximum output pressure of the collapse-mode CMUT was 1.19 MPa at 10 MHz, which was much higher than the conventional CMUT (0.44 MPa). However, the second harmonic distortion (SHD) level of the collapse-mode CMUT is higher than the conventional CMUT at the same excitation condition. Even with higher electric field in the cavity, the collapse-mode CMUT was as stable as the conventional CMUT in a long-term test. A 30-h test with a total of 3.2 × 10(9) cycles of 30 V ac excitation resulted in no significant degradation in the performance of the collapse-mode devices.
Role of CCR2 Genotype in the Clinical Course of Syncytium‐Inducing (SI) or Non‐SI Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and in the Time to Conversion to SI Virus Variants (1998)

The effect of a valine to isoleucine switch in the CCR2 first transmembrane domain (CCR2 64I) on the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1 variants. Compared with persons with a wild-type genotype for CCR2 and CCR5, subjects with a CCR2-64I/+ or 64I/64I (but CCR5 wild-type homozygous genotype) had significantly delayed disease progression (relative hazard, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.99) with a 1. 5-fold slower CD4 T lymphocyte decline and a 1.2-fold lower RNA virus load. The delay in disease progression was more pronounced when only non-SI (NSI) HIV-1 variants were present and was not observed after conversion to SI HIV-1 in CCR2-64I/+ persons. In CCR2-64I/+ subjects, a higher conversion rate to and a higher prevalence of SI HIV-1 was observed. These findings suggest that the mechanism of action of the CCR2 polymorphism is mediated via CCR5-restricted NSI HIV-1 variants.
Trilobites of the Middle Wuliuan (Miaolingian) from the Kunzam La (Parahio) Formation of the Sumna River Section, Spiti, Himalaya, and Its Biostratigraphic Significance (2021)

A 153.48 m thick section of the Kunzam La (Parahio) Formation exposed on the right bank of the Sumna River (Spiti), Himalaya (India), yielded Cambrian trilobites from two stratigraphic intervals. The lower interval yielded the trilobites Xingrenaspis cf. X. dardapurensis and Kunmingaspis stracheyi with a few brachiopods. This interval falls within unzoned 4 of the Cambrian of the Himalaya. The upper stratigraphic interval yielded Iranoleesia butes and an undetermined ptychopariid trilobite belonging to Hayden level 13. Based on faunal elements, the entire measured section is correlated with the Sunaspis laevis–Sunaspidella rara biozone to Metagraulos dolon biozone of the southern and western marginal parts of the Ordos basin (China) and belongs to the middle Wuliuan Stage (Miaolingian Series).
An all-phoneme ergodic HMM for unsupervised speaker adaptation (1993)

The author proposes an all-phoneme ergodic HMM (hidden Markov model) that incorporates stochastic language constraints in unsupervised speaker adaptation. The proposed model consists of all-phoneme HMMs and interphoneme probabilities. It can be regarded as a rather large single ergodic HMM containing hidden states of all phonemes as well as intraphoneme and interphoneme transition probabilities. Since this model is a model of arbitrarily spoken words, the standard Baum-Welch reestimation algorithm can be used to train the whole ergodic model. In the experiments, only mean vectors of the state output probability densities are reestimated, and a vector field smoothing algorithm is used to enhance the statistical reliability. The proposed method was tested on phoneme and phrase recognition experiments with male reference and input speakers. A better performance than with the speaker-independent case was attained by using adaptation data shorter than three minutes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Shrinkage-Reducing Admixtures on Restrained Shrinkage Cracking of Concrete (1992)

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Copper(I)-Mediated and Microwave-Assisted C<sub>aryl</sub>−O<sub>carboxylic</sub> Coupling:  Synthesis of Benzopyranones and Isolamellarin Alkaloids (2007)

A simple and highly effective C-O(carboxylic) coupling reaction catalyzed by copper(I) salts has been developed to synthesize benzopyranones. The reaction of various 2-halobiarylcarboxylic acids was examined using microwave irradiation. A new class of pyrroloisoquinoline alkaloid, isolamellarin, was synthesized based on the annulation of dihydroisoquinoline with aryl pyruvates under basic condition and Cu-mediated/MW-assisted C-O(carboxylic) lactonization.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Using Microelectrodes of the Mg(II)/Mg Couple in THF and Propylene Carbonate. (1986)

Abstract From a solution of a Grignard reagent, 0.5 M EtMgBr in THF, it is possible both to electroplate Mg onto Cu and to redissolve it anodically with high coulombic efficiency.
High-voltage integrated Class-B amplifier for ultrasound transducers (2013)

High-voltage linear amplifiers driving transducers for ultrasound imaging enable apodization profiles with high resolution, beams with low harmonic content and instantaneous changes in transmit energy between pulses. In view of an increased level of integration, the availability of a BCD technology, capable of watts level driving at high frequency, encourages investigation of linear amplifiers, the topic of this work. A feedback amplifier with high voltage - high efficiency Class B output stage is proposed. Device parameters vary significantly with signal amplitude making circuit analysis more involved. We propose the use of describing functions to estimate the large-signal frequency response. Analytical results are in good agreement with simulations and provide useful design insights. From measurements, a test-chip in BCD-6 SOI displays 40.9dB gain, 90Vpk-pk output voltage with a minimum 3dB cut-off frequency of 5.5MHz. Quiescent power dissipation is 37mW only.
Birefringence and polarization mode-dispersion in spun single-mode fibers (1981)

A theoretical and experimental analysis of the polarization properties of twisted single-mode fibers is presented. It is shown that whereas a conventionally twisted fiber possesses considerable optical rotation, a fiber which has a permanent twist imparted by spinning the preform during fiber drawing exhibits almost no polarization anisotropy. It is thus possible to virtually eliminate the commonly observed fiber linear birefringence. As a consequence, fibers made in this way are ideally suited for use in the Faraday-effect current transducer. It is further shown that a permanent twist of a few turns/meter effectively eliminates polarization mode-dispersion. The technique therefore appears attractive for enhancing the bandwidth of very long unrepeatered telecommunication links.
Leukocyte Tyrosine Kinase Functions in Pigment Cell Development (2008)

A fundamental problem in developmental biology concerns how multipotent precursors choose specific fates. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent, yet the mechanisms driving specific fate choices remain incompletely understood. Sox10 is required for specification of neural cells and melanocytes from NCCs. Like sox10 mutants, zebrafish shady mutants lack iridophores; we have proposed that sox10 and shady are required for iridophore specification from NCCs. We show using diverse approaches that shady encodes zebrafish leukocyte tyrosine kinase (Ltk). Cell transplantation studies show that Ltk acts cell-autonomously within the iridophore lineage. Consistent with this, ltk is expressed in a subset of NCCs, before becoming restricted to the iridophore lineage. Marker analysis reveals a primary defect in iridophore specification in ltk mutants. We saw no evidence for a fate-shift of neural crest cells into other pigment cell fates and some NCCs were subsequently lost by apoptosis. These features are also characteristic of the neural crest cell phenotype in sox10 mutants, leading us to examine iridophores in sox10 mutants. As expected, sox10 mutants largely lacked iridophore markers at late stages. In addition, sox10 mutants unexpectedly showed more ltk-expressing cells than wild-type siblings. These cells remained in a premigratory position and expressed sox10 but not the earliest neural crest markers and may represent multipotent, but partially-restricted, progenitors. In summary, we have discovered a novel signalling pathway in NCC development and demonstrate fate specification of iridophores as the first identified role for Ltk.
Investigation of the potential application of biodiesel by-product as asphalt modifier (2015)

The potential application of biodiesel by-product as an asphalt modifier was investigated in terms of chemical composition and performance grades tests. Modified asphalt binders were prepared by adding four contents of biodiesel by-product into control binder. First, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) test was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and modification mechanism of experimental materials. Then, rotational viscometer test for original asphalt, dynamic shear rheometer test for original, rolling thin film oven-aged and pressure ageing vessel (PAV)-aged asphalt, bending beam rheometer test for PAV-aged asphalt were carried out to investigate the effect of biodiesel by-product on performance grades of control asphalt binder. Finally, storage stability test was conducted to analyse the segregation tendency of by-product-modified asphalt binders. The FT-IR test results indicated that no chemical reaction occurred between control asphalt and biodiesel by-product. Meanwhile, the addition of biodiesel by-product reduced the rotational viscosity of the asphalt binder, hence lowered the optimum mixing and compaction temperatures of asphalt concrete. Moreover, the addition of biodiesel by-product decreased the high-temperature performance of asphalt binder, while improved the low-temperature performance and fatigue resistance performance. In addition, a good storage stability of by-product-modified asphalt binders was noticed. Finally, considering the performance variations of by-product-modified asphalt and environmental requirements, the content of by-product recommended to be used as PG64-16 asphalt binder's modifier in cold region was 4%.
Synthesis, Solid-State Crystal Structure, and Reactivity of a Monomeric Copper(I) Anilido Complex (2003)

Synthesis and isolation of the Cu(I) amido complex (dtbpe)Cu(NHPh) (dtbpe = 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane) is accomplished upon reaction of [(dtbpe)Cu(mu-Cl)](2) with LiNHPh. The anilido complex has been fully characterized by IR spectroscopy and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Salient features of the solid-state structure include an amido orientation that allows pi-interaction of the nitrogen-based lone pair with both the empty copper p-orbital and the pi-system of the phenyl substituent. A solid-state X-ray diffraction study of [(dtbpe)Cu(NH(2)Ph)][BF(4)] has allowed a direct comparison of the structural features upon conversion of the amine ligand to an amido. The reactivity of the amido ligand of (dtbpe)Cu(NHPh) is consistent with nucleophilic character. For example, the formation of Ph(3)CNHPh is observed upon treatment with [Ph(3)C][BF(4)], and reaction at room temperature with EtX (X = Br or I) yields N-ethylaniline. The reactivity of (dtbpe)Cu(NHPh) is compared to that of the octahedral and d(6) complex TpRu(PMe(3))(2)(NHPh) (Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate).
Offshore Managed Pressure Drilling Experiences in Asia Pacific (2009)

Abstract Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) has been successfully used by a number of operating companies in both onshore and offshore applications in Asia Pacific. Over 100 wells have now been drilled in the region using MPD techniques. MPD has delivered significant cost savings in almost all of the applications. The high cost of offshore drilling means that offshore MPD delivers significant cost savings when non-productive times associated with fluid losses or well control events are eliminated. MPD has now been successfully used on all the types of offshore rigs from platforms, tender rigs, jack-ups, semi-submersibles as well as drillships. Both subsea and surface stacks on floaters have been used for MPD. Drilling with a so-called "closed wellbore" using MPD equipment for drilling operations has now been proven to be beneficial on all rig types and almost all well types. All drilling, logging and completion installations can be safely executed when using MPD equipment. On most installations, only minor modifications are required to enable a closed wellbore drilling system, which in turn enables More Productive Drilling. This paper describes the experiences with MPD equipment installations on floating rigs and on fixed installations in Asia Pacific and it provides some of the lessons learned when using MPD equipment and techniques.
La provincia ante la Constitución y las autonomías (I) (1979)

Sumario: I. PLANTEAMIENTO.—II. LA DIALECTICA DEL HECHO PROVINCIAL EN EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO HISTORICO ESPANOL: a) Paradoja politica del origen de hecho provincial, b) Nacimiento del ente local provincial y comienzo de la dialectica constitucional, c) Los periodos del constitucionalismo espanol desde la perspectiva del regimen local, d) Los intentos de fortalecimiento del ente local provincial y de creacion de regiones administrativas. e) La provincia en los proyectos autonomistas catalanes.—III. PROBLEMATICA PROVINCIAL
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube and Metal Oxide Hybrid Mesoporous Architectures (2013)

Three-dimensional (3D) vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) patterns were utilized as templates for fabricating mesoporous hybrid architectures composed of CNTs and various crystalline metal oxide (MO; M = Co, Zn, Mn) nanoparticles by a microwave-assisted chemical approach. Post-synthesis thermal treatment of the CNT/MO patterns culminated in structural reorganization, depending on the treatment conditions. In air, CNTs were removed by oxidation. The remaining MO architectures preserved the shape and alignment of the original 3D CNT patterns, but with different porosity characteristics and improved MO crystallinity. Elastocapillary condensation and bending were demonstrated to be useful tools for further architecture alternation. The mesoporous nature of the CNT/MO hybrids and the MO materials were confirmed by N2-BET measurements. CNT/Co3O4 aligned strips were used as an example to demonstrate the potential application of the CNT/MO architectures as electrode materials for supercapacitive storage. Galvanostatic measurements showed that the CNT/Co3O4 strips were stable up to 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 377 μA/cm(2) with a specific capacitance as high as 123.94 F/g.
Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization (2020)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
Comparison of the Long-Time Corrosion Behavior of Certain Zr Alloys in PWR, BWR, and Laboratory Tests (1996)

Laboratory corrosion tests have always been an important tool for Zr alloy development and optimization. However, it must be known whether a test is representative for the application in-reactor. To shed more light on this question, coupons of several Zr alloys were exposed under isothermal conditions in all or most of the following environments: In-Reactor: (1) PWR core at 300 to 340°C up to six years. (2) BWR core with a low sensitivity to nodular corrosion up to four years. (3) BWR core with a high sensitivity to nodular corrosion up to two years. Ex-Reactor (in Autoclave): (1) 350°C/pressurized water up to three years. (2) 400°C/100-bar steam up to two years. (3) 350°C/0.01 M LiOH water up to two years. (4) 500 to 515°C/high-pressure steam 16 to 24 h. In addition, the material condition of several of the examined Zr alloys was varied over a wide range. For evaluation of the in-PWR tests and for comparison of out-of-pile and in-pile tests, the different temperatures and times were normalized to a temperature-independent “normalized time” by assuming an activation temperature (Q/R) of 14 200 K. Comparison of in-PWR and out-of-pile corrosion behavior of Zircaloy shows that corrosion deviates to higher values in PWR if a weight gain of about 50 mg/dm2 is exceeded. In the case of the Zr2.5Nb alloy, a slight deviation of corrosion as compared to laboratory results starts in PWR only above a weight gain of 100 mg/dm2. In BWR, corrosion of Zircaloy is enhanced early in time if compared with out-of-pile. Zr2.5Nb exhibits higher corrosion results in BWR than Zircaloy-4. Alloying chemistry and material condition affect corrosion of Zr alloys. However, several of the material parameters have shown a different ranking in the different environments. Nevertheless, several material parameters influencing in-reactor corrosion like the second phase particle (SPP) size or in-PWR behavior as the Sn and Fe content can be optimized by out-of-pile corrosion tests.
A economia politica da informacao (1995)

Palestra proferida por Aldo de A. Barreto, Doutor em Cienaa da Informacao (The City University, Londres) Chefe do Departamento de Ensino e Pesouisa IBICT/CNPq. Professor da ECO/UFRJ - IBICT/CNPq
CERAMIC COATED COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR IMPROVING IC ENGINE PERFORMANCE (2008)

Thermal barrier coatings are becoming increasingly important in providing thermal insulation for heat engine components. Thermal insulation reduces in-cylinder heat transfer from the engine combustion chamber as well as reducing component structural temperatures. Containment of heat also contributes to increased in-cylinder work and offers higher exhaust temperatures for energy recovery. Lower component structural temperatures will result in greater durability. Advanced ceramic composite coatings also offer the unique properties that can provide reductions in friction and wear. Increased combustion temperature can increase the thermal efficiency of the engine and decreases the pollutants like HC, CO and (possibly) the NO x 0 emission rate. To reach the desirable operating temperature of 850-900 C in the combustion chamber from the current 0 conventional Engine temperature of 350-400 C, a ceramic coating with a thickness of 0.25mm to is required.