gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian CART Model Search (1998)

Abstract In this article we put forward a Bayesian approach for finding classification and regression tree (CART) models. The two basic components of this approach consist of prior specification and stochastic search. The basic idea is to have the prior induce a posterior distribution that will guide the stochastic search toward more promising CART models. As the search proceeds, such models can then be selected with a variety of criteria, such as posterior probability, marginal likelihood, residual sum of squares or misclassification rates. Examples are used to illustrate the potential superiority of this approach over alternative methods.
Cathepsin D. Characteristics of immunoinhibition and the confirmation of a role in cartilage breakdown (1971)

1. Antisera were raised against lysosomal cathepsin D of man, chicken and rabbit. 2. The antisera were found to be specific and potent inhibitors of cathepsin D activity. 3. The immunological nature of the inhibition was established. 4. The inhibitory effect was studied by varying pH, antiserum/enzyme ratio, time of incubation, concentration of components and order of mixing, and by using purified antibody and univalent antibody fragments. 5. The specificities of the antisera were examined with respect to other enzymes, isoenzymes of cathepsin D and cathepsin D from different organs. 6. The antisera prevented the action of cathepsin D on isolated proteoglycans and on cartilage. 7. The antisera produced up to 90% inhibition of the autolysis of cartilage from chicks and rabbits, indicating that cathepsin D is the enzyme mainly responsible for the breakdown of proteoglycans in this system.
In-place Activated BatchNorm for Memory-Optimized Training of DNNs (2018)

In this work we present In-Place Activated Batch Normalization (INPLACE-ABN) - a novel approach to drastically reduce the training memory footprint of modern deep neural networks in a computationally efficient way. Our solution substitutes the conventionally used succession of BatchNorm + Activation layers with a single plugin layer, hence avoiding invasive framework surgery while providing straightforward applicability for existing deep learning frameworks. We obtain memory savings of up to 50% by dropping intermediate results and by recovering required information during the backward pass through the inversion of stored forward results, with only minor increase (0.8-2%) in computation time. Also, we demonstrate how frequently used checkpointing approaches can be made computationally as efficient as INPLACE-ABN. In our experiments on image classification, we demonstrate on-par results on ImageNet-1k with state-of-the-art approaches. On the memory-demanding task of semantic segmentation, we report competitive results for COCO-Stuff and set new state-of-the-art results for Cityscapes and Mapillary Vistas. Code can be found at https://github.com/mapillary/inplace_abn.
Antitumor effect of para-toluenesulfonamide against lung cancer xenograft in a mouse model. (2013)

PTS exhibits excellent inhibition effect on the growth of lung cancer by necrotizing tumor in vivo and in vitro, reducing tumor cell viability and augmenting the membrane permeability in vitro, with only mild injury to normal tissue. The antitumor effect of PTS on lung cancer in vivo and in vitro is stronger than that of ethanol.
Optimal timing of capsular tension ring implantation: Miyake-Apple video analysis (2005)

In terms of minimizing further zonular stress and damage and capsular destabilization, the ideal timing for CTR placement is after lens extraction and decompression of the capsular bag.
The Mechanism of Emulsion Polymerizations. I. The Effect of Persulfate Concentration in the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene<sup>1</sup> (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of Emulsion Polymerizations. I. The Effect of Persulfate Concentration in the Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene1I. M. Kolthoff and W. J. DaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1672–1674Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vishit: A Visualizer for Hindi Text (2014)

We outline the design of a visualizer, named Vishit, for texts in the Hindi language. The Hindi language is lingua franca in many states of India where people speak different languages. The visualized text serves as a universal language where seamless communication is needed by many people who speak different languages and have different cultures. Vishit consists of the following three major processing steps: language processing, knowledge base creation and scene generation. Initial results from the Vishit prototype are encouraging.
A fast signature simulation technique for PPSFP simulators (2003)

This paper introduces a novel technique to speed up the simulation of multiple-input shift-register (MISR) signature computation. We explore the linear property of MISRs, which permits the use of a small look-up table to compute the signatures of MISR inputs independently. Two algorithms are proposed for modifying these signatures and combining them into a find signature. Experimental results show that the proposed signature compaction technique is faster than previous methods with very little extra memory required. The new scheme is designed to work in conjunction with the PPSFP fault simulators.
Relative Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation, Cyclooxygenase Enzymes, and Human Tumor Cell Proliferation by Natural Food Colors (2005)

The most abundant water soluble natural food colors are betacyanins and anthocyanins. Similarly, lycopene, bixin, beta-carotene, and chlorophyll are water insoluble colors. Pure betanin, bixin, lycopene, chlorophyll, beta-carotene, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were isolated from Beta vulgaris, Bixa orellana,Lycopersicum esculentum, Spinacia oleracea, Daucus carrota, and Prunus cerasus, respectively. These natural pigments, alone and in combination, were evaluated for their relative potencies against cyclooxygenase enzymes and tumor cell growth inhibition by using MCF-7 (breast), HCT-116 (colon), AGS (stomach), CNS (central nervous system), and NCI-H460 (lung) tumor cell lines. Among the colors tested, betanin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, lycopene, and beta-carotene inhibited lipid peroxidation. However, all pigments tested gave COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition and showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition against breast, colon, stomach, central nervous system, and lung tumor cells, respectively. The mixtures of these pigments were also evaluated for their synergistic effects and chemical interactions at various concentrations. The mixture of anthocyanin and betanin negated their efficacy in the cell growth inhibitory assay and did not enhance the COX enzyme inhibitory activity. This is the first report of a comparative evaluation and the impact on biological activities of these pigments alone and in combination.
Chemoprotective potentials of homoisoflavonoids and chalcones of <i>Dracaena cinnabari</i>: modulations of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant activity (2001)

A series of homoisoflavonoids and chalcones, isolated from the endemic tropical plant Dracaena cinnabari Balf. (Agavaceae), were tested for their potential to inhibit cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes and Fe-enhanced in vitro peroxidation of microsomal lipids in C57B1/6 mouse liver. The effects of the polyphenolic compounds were compared with those of prototypal flavonoid modulators of CYP1A and the well-known antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene. 2-Hydroxychalcone and partly 4,6-dihydroxychalcone were found to be strong inhibitors of CYP1A-dependent 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in vitro comparable to the effects of quercetin and chrysin. The first screening of flavonoids and chalcones of Dracaena cinnabari for antioxidant activity was done in an in vitro microsomal peroxidation assay. While chalcones were shown to be poor antioxidants, 7,8-methylenedioxy-3(4-hydroxybenzyl) chromane, as one of the tested homoisoflavonoids, exhibited a strong antioxidant activity comparable to that of the strongest flavonol antioxidant, quercetin.
Duplex Schemes in Multiple Antenna Two-Hop Relaying (2008)

A novel scheme for two-hop relaying defined as space division duplex (SDD) relaying is proposed. In SDD relaying, multiple antenna beamforming techniques are applied at the intermediate relay station (RS) in order to separate downlink and uplink signals of a bi-directional two-hop communication between two nodes, namely, S1 and S2. For conventional amplify-and-forward two-hop relaying, there appears a loss in spectral efficiency due to the fact that the RS cannot receive and transmit simultaneously on the same channel resource. In SDD relaying, this loss in spectral efficiency is circumvented by giving up the strict separation of downlink and uplink signals by either time division duplex or frequency division duplex. Two novel concepts for the derivation of the linear beamforming filters at the RS are proposed; they can be designed either by a three-step or a one-step concept. In SDD relaying, receive signals at S1 are interfered by transmit signals of S1, and receive signals at S2 are interfered by transmit signals of S2. An efficient method in order to combat this kind of interference is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, it is shown how the overall spectral efficiency of SDD relaying can be improved if the channels from S1 and S2 to the RS have different qualities.
Looking Forward: Hobbes on Modernity (2000)

(2000). Looking Forward: Hobbes on Modernity. New Political Science: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 411-415.
Little crake Porzana parva at Ndola, Zambia (1980)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Modification of a Thin Gold Film with Boronic Acid Membrane and Its Application to a Saccharide Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (2003)

Abstract A study of the response behavior of saccharides to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor, in which a boronic acid membrane‐modified thin gold film was used as a sensor chip is described. The following three procedures were used in the modification of the sensor chip: first, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (3‐APB) was coupled with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid to form a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on the gold film of the sensor chip, second, 3‐APB was immobilized on the sensor chip by electrochemical polymerization, and third, the sensor chip was coated with a vinyl polymer by the radical polymerization of vinylphenylboronic acid. SPR responses were measured in a flow system, where the above three types of sensor chip were assembled in the flow cell of the SPR sensor. The SPR responses caused by the interaction between the boronic acid membrane modified on the sensor chip and saccharides were evaluated by measurement of an angle shift of the SPR sensor. A weak response was observed for the SPR sensor using the sensor chip modified with SAM and the electropolymerized membrane, while the sensor chip modified with the vinylboronic acid polymer membrane showed a selective and enhanced response to saccharides. From the SPR response for the latter sensor, the findings indicate that the interaction between the boronic acid membrane on the sensor chip and the saccharides was in the order glucose<mannose<galactose<fructose. Namely, the interaction between the boronic acid and cis ‐diol moiety in the saccharides appears to be stronger in the order 2,3‐ cis ‐diol<3,4‐ cis ‐diol<1,2‐ cis ‐diol. The adsorption behavior of sorbose to the sensor chip modified with the boronic acid polymer membrane followed the Freundlich‐type adsorption isotherm. The electrochemical polymerization of 3‐APB on the gold film of the SPR sensor chip was monitored in situ by combining an SPR system with an electrochemical analyzer system.
Inference of Fine-Grained Event Causality from Blogs and Films (2017)

Human understanding of narrative is mainly driven by reasoning about causal relations between events and thus recognizing them is a key capability for computational models of language understanding. Computational work in this area has approached this via two different routes: by focusing on acquiring a knowledge base of common causal relations between events, or by attempting to understand a particular story or macro-event, along with its storyline. In this position paper, we focus on knowledge acquisition approach and claim that newswire is a relatively poor source for learning fine-grained causal relations between everyday events. We describe experiments using an unsupervised method to learn causal relations between events in the narrative genres of first-person narratives and film scene descriptions. We show that our method learns fine-grained causal relations, judged by humans as likely to be causal over 80% of the time. We also demonstrate that the learned event pairs do not exist in publicly available event-pair datasets extracted from newswire.
The nucleotide sequence of three genes participating in the adipose differentiation of 3T3 cells. (1986)

When 3T3 cells undergo adipose differentiation, they are reprogrammed by changes in gene expression of sufficient magnitude to greatly alter the protein composition of the cells. Three participating genes encode glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, a lipid-binding protein, and a serine protease. These three genes have now been cloned and sequenced. Their exon/intron structures are described, together with some interesting peculiarities and some regions of common sequence. It remains to be demonstrated whether the information for common participation of the genes in the program of differentiation resides in controlling elements within the regions sequenced.
Kinetics of the Reaction of a Myelin Basic Protein Peptide with Soluble IAu (1995)

The kinetics of formation and dissociation of IAu-peptide complexes have been examined in the absence of detergent, using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked form of IAu. The GPI-linked form contains a lipid membrane anchor which can be specifically cleaved by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C to yield a water-soluble form of IAu. We find rapid binding of the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide analogue Ac(1-14)A4C15 to IAu, as well as rapid dissociation of IAu-MBP peptide complexes at neutral pH in the absence of detergent. The reaction kinetics of the water-soluble and detergent-solubilized complexes are the same to within experiment error. In the presence of this MBP peptide, Ac(1-14)A4C15, cells transfected with native IAu as well as cells transfected with a GPI-linked form of IAu are functional in stimulating T-helper hybridoma cells.
Avionics: Elements, Software and Functions (2006)

ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONS Aerospace Standard 15531/MIL-STD-1553 Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus Chris deLong ARINC Specification 429 Mark 33 Digital Information Transfer System Daniel A. Martinec and Samuel P. Buckwalter Commercial Standard Digital Bus Lee Harrison Time-Triggered Protocol Mirko Jakovljevic Head-Mounted Displays James E. Melzer Display Devices: RSD(TM) (Retinal Scanning Display) Thomas M. Lippert Head-Up Displays Robert B. Wood and Peter J. Howells Night Vision Goggles Dennis L. Schmickley Speech Recognition and Synthesis Douglas W. Beeks Human Factors Engineering and Flight Deck Design Kathy H. Abbott Synthetic Vision Russell V. Parrish, Michael S. Lewis, and Daniel G. Baize Terrain Awareness Barry C. Breen Batteries David G. Vutetakis ARINC Specification 653, Avionics Application Software Standard Interface Paul J. Prisaznuk Ada John G.P. Barnes RTCA DO-178B/EUROCAE ED-12B Thomas K. Ferrell and Uma D. Ferrell FUNCTIONS Communications Roy T. Oishi Navigation Systems Myron Kayton Navigation and Tracking James L. Farrell Flight Management Systems Randy Walter TCAS II Steve Heneley Vehicle Health Management Systems Philip A. Scandura, Jr. Boeing B-777: Fly-by-Wire Controls Gregg F. Bartley Electrical Flight Controls, From Airbus A320/330/340 to Future Military Transport Aircraft: A Family of Fault-Tolerant Systems Dominique Briere, Christian Favre, and Pascal Traverse INDEX
Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Determination of Copper and Nickel Beta-Ketoamine Chelates (1974)

Journal Article Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Determination of Copper and Nickel Beta-Ketoamine Chelates Get access Peter C. Uden, Peter C. Uden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David E. Henderson, David E. Henderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abbass Kamalizad Abbass Kamalizad Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 12, Issue 10, October 1974, Pages 591–598, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/12.10.591 Published: 01 October 1974
Self-adjusting quorum systems for byzantine fault tolerance (2000)

The purpose of this work has been to design protocols for a data service that tolerates Byzantine server faults by shifting between multiple tolerance modes at run time, monitoring itself for faulty server behavior and dynamically adjusting its own tolerance capabilities accordingly. Our goal is a system that runs in an efficient low-fault mode most of the time, but can adjust itself to cope with new faults as they occur. 
Our approach is based on the masking quorum systems of Malkhi and Reiter. Like the protocols originally proposed for these systems, our techniques are relatively economical in that updates and reads need to be performed only at a subset (“quorum”) of data servers, thus decreasing the workload on individual servers and simplifying the recovery process when failures occur. However, our protocols implement the following additional capabilities: (1) Strengthened read and write protocols for serializability of completed operations. (2) Protocols for dynamically adjusting the threshold (and thus quorum size) of threshold masking quorum systems in response to information about the number and/or probability of faults in the system. (3) Protocols for detecting Byzantine server behavior in threshold masking quorum systems. 
As a subsidiary goal, we have sought to make our methods not only effective against random faulty server behavior, but also resistant to sabotage by a deliberate adversary. To this end, we have limited our use of standard assumptions, such as independence of failures and a priori limits on the number of faults, that restrict the applicability of many Byzantine fault tolerance techniques to questions of security.
Strong Electronic Coupling of Molecular Sites to Graphitic Electrodes via Pyrazine Conjugation (2017)

Glassy carbon electrodes were functionalized with redox-active moieties by condensation of o-phenylenediamine derivatives with o-quinone sites native to graphitic carbon surfaces. Electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations establish that these graphite-conjugated catalysts (GCCs) exhibit strong electronic coupling to the electrode, leading to electron transfer (ET) behavior that diverges fundamentally from that of solution-phase or surface-tethered analogues. We find that (1) ET is not observed between the electrode and a redox-active GCC moiety regardless of applied potential. (2) ET is observed at GCCs only if the interfacial reaction is ion-coupled. (3) Even when ET is observed, the oxidation state of a transition metal GCC site remains unchanged. From these observations, we construct a mechanistic model for GCC sites in which ET behavior is identical to that of catalytically active metal surfaces rather than to that of molecules in solution. These results suggest that GCCs provide a versatile platform for bridging molecular and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
Generation of optimal excitation pulses for two energy level systems using an inverse Fourier transform method (1992)

The response of a two energy level system to low amplitude excitation is investigated. The flip angle of magnetization or polarization is found to be linearly related to the magnitude spectrum of the excitation pulse under the approximation of low amplitude excitation. This property can be used for synthesis of optimal excitation pulses. A comprehensive algorithm for generating optimal excitation pulses is proposed based on the response theory and the stored wave form inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) algorithm developed previously. An example of the synthesis of a notch excitation pulse is given to demonstrate the flexibility of this newly developed method.
Immunological Property of Antibodies against <i>N</i> -Glycolylneuraminic Acid Epitopes in Cytidine Monophospho– <i>N</i> -Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase-Deficient Mice (2010)

The generation of pigs devoid of Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc (Gal) residues has stimulated interest in non-Gal Ags as potentially important targets for Ab binding leading to rejection of pig organ xenografts in humans. Although N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) epitopes, which are widely expressed on the endothelial cells of all mammals except humans, are likely targets of anti-non-Gal Abs, this aspect has not been investigated intensively owing to the absence of an appropriate animal model. In this study, we used CMAH(-/-) mice, which are completely deficient in NeuGc and thus produce anti-NeuGc Abs. Sera obtained from CMAH(-/-) mice and healthy human volunteers having anti-NeuGc Abs initiated complement-mediated lysis against CMAH(+/+) cells in vitro. The cytotoxic activity of anti-NeuGc Abs was also determined in vivo (i.e., NeuGc-expressing CMAH(+/+) mouse splenocytes that had been i.v. injected were completely eliminated in syngeneic CMAH(-/-) mice). CMAH(-/-) mice rejected the islets transplanted from syngeneic CMAH(+/+) mice. Thus, the anti-NeuGc Ab-mediated response may be crucially involved in xenograft loss. This is the first direct demonstration of the immunogenic property of NeuGc determinants as targets of the corresponding Abs in CMAH(+/+)-to-CMAH(-/-) transplantation setting.
Bioactive Compounds from the Aerial Parts of <i>Brachystemma calycinum</i> and Structural Revision of an Octacyclopeptide (2011)

Four new cyclic peptides, brachystemins F-I (1-4), and 11 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Brachystemma calycinum. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-4 were assigned using Marfey's method. The structure of compound 5 was revised from cyclo(Pro¹-Phe²-Leu³-Ala⁴-Thr⁵-Pro⁶-Ala⁷-Gly⁸) to cyclo(Pro¹-Pro²-Ala³-Gly⁴-Leu⁵-Ala⁶-Thr⁷-Phe⁸) with QTOF/MS and X-ray diffraction analysis. The N-containing compounds were assessed for their inhibitory effects on the secretion of monocyte chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and collagen IV against high-glucose-stimulated mesangial cells. Compound 5 was evaluated for its effects on collagen I, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O₂(•⁻)) production, and cell viability in mesangial cells, and on nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage cells.