gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of CVD diamond layers with amorphous carbon admixture by Raman scattering spectroscopy (2015)

Abstract Raman spectroscopy is a most often used standard technique for characterization of different carbon materials. In this work we present the Raman spectra of polycrystalline diamond layers of different quality, synthesized by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition method (HF CVD). We show how to use Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of the Raman bands to determine the structure of diamond films as well as the structure of amorphous carbon admixture. Raman spectroscopy has become an important technique for the analysis of CVD diamond films. The first-order diamond Raman peak at ca. 1332 cm −1 is an unambiguous evidence for the presence of diamond phase in the deposited layer. However, the existence of non-diamond carbon components in a CVD diamond layer produces several overlapping peaks in the same wavenumber region as the first order diamond peak. The intensities, wavenumber, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of these bands are dependent on quality of diamond layer which is dependent on the deposition conditions. The aim of the present work is to relate the features of diamond Raman spectra to the features of Raman spectra of non-diamond phase admixture and occurrence of other carbon structures in the obtained diamond thin films.
PanRep: Universal node embeddings for heterogeneous graphs (2021)

Learning unsupervised node embeddings facilitates several downstream tasks such as node classification and link prediction. A node embedding is universal if it is designed to be used by and benefit various downstream tasks. This work introduces PanRep, a graph neural network (GNN) model, for unsupervised learning of universal node representations for heterogenous graphs. PanRep consists of a GNN encoder that obtains node embeddings and four decoders, each capturing different topological and node feature properties. Abiding to these properties the novel unsupervised framework learns universal embeddings applicable to different downstream tasks. PanRep can be furthered fine-tuned to account for possible limited labels. In this operational setting PanRep is considered as a pretrained model for extracting node embeddings of heterogenous graph data. PanRep outperforms all unsupervised and certain supervised methods in node classification and link prediction, especially when the labeled data for the supervised methods is small. PanRep-FT (with fine-tuning) outperforms all other supervised approaches, which corroborates the merits of pretraining models. Finally, we apply PanRep-FT for discovering novel drugs for Covid-19. We showcase the advantage of universal embeddings in drug repurposing and identify several drugs used in clinical trials as possible drug candidates.
Applying Machine Learning for Run-time Bug Detection in Aviation Software (2016)

Modern commercial aircraft are heavily dependent on large software systems for many of their essential functions. However, bugs may cause software failure and endanger the lives of passengers and crew. Software development processes in aviation emphasize near exhaustive testing but not all bugs can be found. Additionally, current bug detection methods, including assertion-based methods, are not suitable for bugs that appear during run-time as they produce complex relationships between program variables. In this paper, we investigated a machine learning approach for detecting bugs at run-time. Our preliminary results show that our approach can detect the presence of injected software bugs with high specificity. This technique shows promise in meeting the high standards of aviation reliability.
Expression of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA and c-myc mRNA in breast tumours. (1998)

We examined the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA in 53 female cases of breast cancer by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to determine the clinicopathologic significance of its expression. A significantly higher expression of ODC mRNA was, observed in younger patients than in older patients. The patients with a larger sized tumour possessed a significantly higher expression of ODC mRNA. In addition, the cases with a poor prognosis showed significantly higher expression of ODC. Previous studies have reported in vivo and in vitro correlation between the expression of ODC and c-myc genes in human carcinomas. We disclosed a significant correlation between these genes in primary breast carcinomas. We conclude that the expression of ODC may potentially be a new biological marker for breast carcinoma.
Physical layer security of hybrid spread spectrum systems (2013)

Physical layer security puts a limit on the information content an eavesdropper can obtain when observing a signal. In hybrid spread spectrum systems, there are two distinct components of the physical layer- the frequency hopping portion and the direct sequence portion, each of which uses different mechanisms to spread the signal in frequency. We examine the ability of an eavesdropper to perform a chip-by-chip attack on hybrid systems, as well as some of the direct sequence components. We offer suggestions for parameters that would increase the physical layer security of hybrid spread spectrum systems.
Characterization and properties of monoammine nitroimidazole complexes of platinum [PtCl2(NH3)(NO2Im)]. Crystal and molecular structure of cis-amminedichloro(1-{(((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)methyl}-2-nitroimidazole)platinum(II) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and properties of monoammine nitroimidazole complexes of platinum [PtCl2(NH3)(NO2Im)]. Crystal and molecular structure of cis-amminedichloro(1-{(((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)carbonyl)methyl}-2-nitroimidazole)platinum(II)Fernande D. Rochon, Pi Chang Kong, Robert Melanson, Kirsten A. Skov, and Nicholas FarrellCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 24, 4531–4535Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00024a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00024a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Semantics (2012)

This article introduces some of the basic concepts and issues of computational semantics and briefly compares two models of semantic representation, which have been proposed in the literature, and considers the ways in which each of them deals with the syntax-semantics interface. It then shows the contrast between the general approach to the syntax-semantics interface, which is common to most systems of computational semantics, and an alternative view that characterizes Chomsky's derivational view of syntax on the other. Furthermore, it focuses on the possibility of using underspecified representations of meaning while still sustaining a systematic relation between the meaning of an expression and the meanings of its constituents. It briefly looks at the move from static to dynamic theories of meaning in an attempt to model the interpretation of utterances in discourse and dialogue.
Imaging flow cytometry elucidates limitations of microparticle analysis by conventional flow cytometry (2014)

Microparticles (MPs) are submicron vesicles released from cell membranes in response to activation, cell injury, or apoptosis. The clinical importance of MPs has become increasingly recognized, although no standardized method exists for their measurement. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used technique, however, because of the small size of MPs, and the limitations of current FCM instrumentation, accurate identification is compromised by this methodology. We decided to investigate whether the use of FCM combined with imaging, such as is possible with the ImagestreamX imaging FC (ISX), would be a more sensitive approach to characterizing MPs. Combining FCM with imaging eliminates some of the limitations demonstrated by conventional FCM, whereas also providing morphological confirmation and the ability to distinguish true single events from aggregates and cell debris. The detection limit of standard nonspecialized FCM is suboptimal when compared to ISX. Evaluating MPs below 0.200 µm and sizing remain a challenge as some MPs remain below the detection limit of ISX. Standardized calibrators, that more closely reflect the physical characteristics of MPs, need further development.
Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Peroxide Based on a Non‐Oxidative Mechanism (2004)

Die hochselektive Detektion von H2O2 beruht auf der Desulfonylierung von 1 zum Fluorescein-Derivat nach einem nichtoxidativen Mechanismus. Mit dieser Methode wurde die Bildung von H2O2 in Algenzellen untersucht; dabei kamen Acetylderivate von 1 als Fluoreszenzsonden zum Einsatz. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z52381_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthese von Amidosäuren aus cyclischen Iminen (1907)

g HtO.-0.1962 g Sbst.: 6.2 CCIIB N (131 762 min).Ber.C 76.24, H 4.64, N 3.42.Gef.)) 75.93, )) 4.62, )> 3.72.Die Iliphenyl-Urethane lassen sich sehr leicht verseifen, was bei den Estern des Eugenols, Phenols, fi-Naphthols in folgender Weise festgestellt werden konnte : Die betreffenden Urethane uwrden in einer Druckflasche 2 Stdn. in siedendem Wasser mit alkoholischer Kdilaitge erhitzt, damuf das frei gewordene Diphenylamiri init Wasserdampfen iibergetrieben, scbliel3lich der Ruckstand mit Snlzsiiure iiberslittigt iind die Phenole wieder
Low-resistance and nonalloyed ohmic contacts to plasma treated ZnO (2001)

Low-resistance and nonalloyed ohmic contacts to epitaxially grown n-ZnO were formed by exposing n-ZnO to an inductively coupled hydrogen and an argon plasma. Using Ti/Au, the specific contact resistivity of the ohmic contact was drastically decreased from 7.3×10−3 to 4.3×10−5 Ω cm2 by hydrogen plasma treatment. The photoluminescence spectrum of the hydrogen plasma treated ZnO showed a large enhancement in band-edge emission and a strong suppression in deep-level emission. These results suggest that the low contact resistivity can be attributed to an increase in carrier concentration on the ZnO surface. The specific contact resistivity of the Ar-plasma treated sample was also decreased to 5.0×10−4 Ω cm2, presumably due to the formation of shallow donor on the ZnO surface by ion bombardment.
Correlation of beta-actin messenger RNA localization with metastatic potential in rat adenocarcinoma cell lines. (1999)

The actin cytoskeleton is involved in the motility of tumor cells. It has been shown in several cell types that beta-actin mRNA is localized in the protrusions of cells in which actin is actively polymerized, and the ability to localize mRNA is correlated with the efficiency of motility. In this context, we studied the distribution of beta-actin mRNA in two different tumor cell lines and correlated it with their metastatic potential. The two cell lines used were the highly metastatic MTLn3 cells and nonmetastatic MTC cells. Nonmetastatic MTC cells have two different pools of beta-actin mRNA (perinuclear and at the leading edge), whereas highly metastatic MTLn3 cells have only a perinuclear distribution of beta-actin mRNA. These differences in mRNA localization are correlated with profound differences in the polarity and plasticity of cell motility of these cells in culture and the histopathology of primary breast tumors derived from these cells. In particular, MTLn3 cells are unpolarized by all cell shape and motility criteria in culture and in their histopathological organization in primary tumors. By comparison, MTC cells are polarized in all identical measurements. These results suggest that the increased plasticity of cell locomotion and the invasiveness of MTLn3 cells result from the failure of metastatic cells to localize beta-actin mRNA properly, causing them to be less polarized and therefore more flexible in their direction of motility. Thus, differences in the polarized organization of cells in the primary tumor that are correlated with beta-actin mRNA localization may have prognostic value in predicting metastatic potential.
Use case based innovative design of E-commerce website (2009)

In order to explore the new mode of e-commerce experience to the innovative style design, an approach of use case based innovative design was proposed. The concept and related studies of e-commerce platform and use case were discussed. More and more merchants try to make the e-commerce website exactly meet users' demands. Taken online purchase of furniture as an example, the user-centered design requirements were extracted by interviewing with a number of users. Various function modules were obtained through the analysis of use cases. A website information prototype system was built and the e-commerce shopping patterns of experiential design were developed. Refer to the research of users' demands for online shopping and the prototype design, the graphic user interface was finished.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Suppresses Ovulation, Menses, and Endometriosis in Monkeys: An Individualized, Intermittent Regimen* (1983)

This study was designed to test the efficacy of a long-acting GnRH agonist (alpha) for inhibition of ovulation and menses in monkeys as well as suppression of mild to moderate endometriosis through an individualized, intermittent regimen. Endometriosis was surgically induced in 21 cynomolgus monkeys; ectopic tissue viability was verified histologically. GnRH alpha (leuprolide, D-Leu6-Pro9-Net-LHRH, Abbott Laboratories) was injected weekly in treatment cycle 1 (10 microgram/kg, sc; n = 15). Ovulation and menses ceased in 6 of 15 females. For the remaining 9 monkeys, the GnRH alpha dose was increased to 15 microgram/kg weekly in treatment cycle 2. Still, 4 monkeys resisted suppression; in treatment cycle 3, their regimen increased to 15 microgram/kg every fourth day. Thus, anovulation and amenorrhea was achieved in 14 of 15 monkeys within 90 days, seemingly as a result of ovarian desensitization, since GnRH alpha injections usually enhanced serum LH and FSH levels (P less than 0.05). Frequent laparotomies and daily hormonal profiles of estradiol, progesterone, FSH, and LH in serum confirmed these findings. After treatment, 12 of 15 monkeys manifested resolution of ectopic endometrial tissue; concurrently, there was no change in the severity of endometriosis in the 6 saline-injected controls. Six of 15 monkeys became pregnant within 90 days after cessation of GnRH alpha injections; 1 of 6 control females conceived. These findings may encourage consideration of clinical investigations employing individualized and/or intermittent GnRH alpha administration for the treatment of endometriosis or to achieve contraception.
Design case history: speak & spell learns to talk (1982)

Describes how a hand-held, low-cost electronic spelling aid with a speech output was designed. A major problem was the synthesis of speech of a quality acceptable to the consumer.
Engineering EverQuest: online gaming demands heavyweight data centers (2005)

This paper describes how engineers keep a half million people from all over the world playing EverQuest, a best-selling computer game played over the Internet. Developed by Sony Online Entertainment, EverQuest has not only become a dominant force in the entertainment business but has also become a social phenomenon. It takes 13 data centers and more than 1500 servers located around the world to run EverQuest. As the game's audience expands and evolves, so does the architecture behind the scenes. To cope with these expansions, Sony has begun using blade servers and adopted just-in-time computing system. A Network Operations Center was also established to serve as Sony's 24-hour technical support. Sony has also begun efforts to adopt Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies into their future online and portable gaming offerings.
New Turaev Braided Group Categories Over Entwining Structures (2010)

Starting from the category A ℳ C (ψ) of entwined modules, that is, A-modules and C-comodules over Hopf algebras A and C, where the structures are only related by an entwining map ψ: A ⊗ C → A ⊗ C satisfying a mixed distributive law. Associated with any set map Ψ: π → 𝔼(A, C), where 𝔼(A, C) denotes the set of all k-linear maps ψ: A ⊗ C → A ⊗ C such that ψ is an entwining map, and with the opposite group 𝒮(π) of the semidirect product of the opposite group π op of a group π by π, we introduce a Turaev 𝒮(π)-category as a disjoint union of family of categories { A ℳ C (ψ(α, β))}(α, β)∈𝒮(π) of entwined modules with a family of entwining maps {ψ(α, β)}(α, β)∈𝒮(π). We show that is a Turaev braided 𝒮(π)-category if and only if there is a linear map 𝒬: C ⊗ C → A ⊗ A satisfying some conditions. For finite dimensional C (resp., A) there is a quasitriangular Turaev 𝒮(π)-coalgebra C*A = {A#C*(α, β)}(α, β)∈𝒮(π) (resp., a coquasitriangular Turaev 𝒮(π)-algebra A* × C = {A* × C(α, β)}(α, β)∈𝒮(π)) such that the category Rep(C*A) of representations of C*A is equivalent to (resp. the category Corep(A* × C) of corepresentations of A* × C is equivalent to ). Finally, we study dualities of any object in the category and the dual of the category itself.
VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects (1983)

A field study was conducted to assess the preferences of VDT operators with regard to their body posture and the settings of an adjustable VDT workstation. Subjects came from four different companies, and the study took place during subjects' customary working activities. Means and ranges of the preferred settings are given. The operators preferred body postures that are distinctly different from those recommended in textbooks and other publications. Some of the workstation settings they preferred also strongly deviate from such recommendations.
Neural-Network based Sensitivity Analysis for Injector-Producer Relationship Identification (2008)

Abstract Determining injector-producer relationships, i.e., to quantify the inter-well connectivity between injectors and producers in a reservoir, is a complex and non-stationary problem. In this paper, we present a neural-network-based sensitivity analysis approach to address this problem. To the best of our knowledge, sensitivity analysis has never been applied for identification of the injector-producer relationships, yet we show that it is an intuitive while fundamental approach to address this problem. Sensitivity analysis is based on a theory with which the functioning of a closed system is derived by analyzing the derivatives of the output with respect to each input combination. For the injector-producer relationship identification problem, we use sensitivity analysis to determine the injector-producer relationships by varying the injection rates, i.e., the inputs to a trained neural network model of the oilfield, and analyzing the outputs, i.e., the production rates. With our approach, we first generated a neural network to define the mapping function between each producer and its surrounding injectors based on the historical injection and production data. We employed Back-Propagation-Through-Time (BPTT) learning algorithm to train the three-layer feed-forward neural network using real data collected from 1911 to 2005. Next, we utilized the generated neural network model to apply sensitivity analysis in order to quantify the significance of the injectors on the corresponding producers. We evaluated our proposed injector-producer relationship identification technique by experiments with real oilfield dataset as well as field trials. Experimental results show that our sensitivity analysis approach is not only an efficient method for identifying injector-producer relationships but also reveals significantly higher correlation accuracy as compared to the correlation typically estimated by the field engineers.
Nuclear energy technology : theory and practice of commercial nuclear power (1982)

Reviews Nuclear Energy Technology: Theory and Practice of Commercial Nuclear Power by Ronald Allen Knief, whose contents include an overview of the basic concepts of reactors and the nuclear fuel cycle; the basics of nuclear physics; reactor theory; heat removal; economics; current concerns at the front and back ends of the fuel cycle; design descriptions of domestic and foreign reactor systems; reactor safety and safeguards; Three Mile Island; and a brief overview of the basic concepts of nuclear fusion. Both magnetic and inertial confinement techniques are clearly outlined. Also reviews Nuclear Fuel Management by Harry W. Graves, Jr., consisting of introductory subjects (e.g. front end of fuel cycle); core physics methodology required for fuel depletion calculations; power capability evaluation (analyzes physical parameters that limit potential core power density); and fuel management topics (economics, loading arrangements and core operation strategies).
Fluorinated phthalocyanines as molecular semiconductor thin films (2008)

Abstract Thin films of perfluorinated phthalocyanines F 16 Pc show promise as molecular semiconductors in organic field effect transistors. A review is provided of growth studies and electrical characterization of presently discussed materials. Using this state‐of‐the‐art as a starting point the synthesis and position of energy levels of partly fluorinated Zn(II) phthalocyanines is described. Growth characteristics of vapour‐deposited thin films on inorganic and organic dielectrics are studied. Possibilities to use fluorinated phthalocyanines in technical applications of OFET are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)