gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Smoke Marker Emissions During Flaming and Smoldering Phases of Laboratory Open Burning of Wildland Fuels (2010)

Smoke emitted by prescribed and wild fires can make a substantial contribution to ambient aerosol (McMeeking et al. 2006; Park et al. 2007; Spracklen et al. 2007). Approaches to investigate these contributions have used a variety of different chemical smoke markers, including levoglucosan, produced by thermal degradation of cellulose, and water-soluble potassium (Andreae 1983; Engling et al. 2006; Hays et al. 2002; Simoneit 2002;Ward et al. 2006). Filter sampling is commonly employed to measure smoke markers in ambient and source samples; however, these time-integrated measurements limit knowledge about variability of smoke marker emissions, especially between flaming and smoldering fire phases.
Laccase‐mediated formation of the phenoxazinone derivative, cinnabarinic acid (1995)

The phenoxazinone chromophore occurs in a variety of biological systems, including numerous pigments and certain antibiotics. It also appears to form as part of a mechanism to protect mammalian tissue from oxidative damage. During cultivation of the basidiomycete, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus , a red pigment was observed to accumulate in the culture medium. It was identified as the phenoxazinone derivative, cinnabarinic acid (CA). Laccase was the predominant extracellular phenoloxidase activity in P . cinnabarinus cultures. In vitro studies showed that CA was formed after oxidation of the precursor, 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (3‐HAA), by laccases. Moreover, oxidative coupling of 3‐HAA to form CA was also demonstrated for the mammalian counterpart of laccase, the blue copper oxidase, ceruloplasmin.
Progress in the ITER Physics Basis (2007)

I would firstly like to congratulate all who have contributed to the preparation of the `Progress in the ITER Physics Basis' (PIPB) on its publication and express my deep appreciation of the hard work and commitment of the many scientists involved. With the signing of the ITER Joint Implementing Agreement in November 2006, the ITER Members have now established the framework for construction of the project, and the ITER Organization has begun work at Cadarache. The review of recent progress in the physics basis for burning plasma experiments encompassed by the PIPB will be a valuable resource for the project and, in particular, for the current Design Review.
Clinical Characteristics of Children Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes Through Intensive Screening and Follow-Up (2004)

Childhood type 1 diabetes diagnosed through a screening and follow-up program has a less severe onset and a milder clinical course in the first year after diagnosis.
Characterization of the Langendorff Perfused Isolated Mouse Heart Model of Global Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury (2015)

Myocardial IS measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining depends on both the duration of ischemia and the length of the reperfusion period. The LDH assessment may not be the most reliable tool to assess IS and/or to examine cardioprotective effectiveness at various times of ischemia.
Preparation of Pure Chlorine Dioxide. Reactions of Chlorine or Sodium Hypochlorite with Sodium Chlorite in the Presence of Acetic Anhydride (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Pure Chlorine Dioxide. Reactions of Chlorine or Sodium Hypochlorite with Sodium Chlorite in the Presence of Acetic AnhydrideWilly MasscheleinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1967, 6, 2, 137–142Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360022a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i360022a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A compact hot-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer (1995)

A newly constructed pulsed nozzle, Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer utilizes a Fabry–Perot cavity consisting of spherical resonators having diameters of only 10 cm. Tests of this very compact-cavity system show that its sensitivity is only slightly lower than that of a comparably configured system of the Balle–Flygare design having resonators with diameters of 36 cm. With a volume 50 times smaller than in conventional systems, the compact cavity also requires a much smaller vacuum chamber which can be pumped by a relatively small 6 in. diffusion pump. The system includes an integral ceramic nozzle which can be heated to temperatures above 1000 °C. Spectrometer characteristics have been demonstrated by means of experiments on OCS isotopomers in ground and excited vibrational states, ArOCS complexes, and chloroketene, a reactive intermediate formed by pyrolysis of chloroacetylchloride.
Optical services over the intelligent optical network (2001)

Optical networks are growing at unprecedented rates to accommodate the explosion in data traffic brought on by new Internet and enterprise applications. Coupled with this growth has been the introduction of client devices (e.g., routers, storage devices, and content servers) at the network edge operating at optical line rates. These two trends are changing the fundamental way in which optical transport networks are being architectured, deployed, and managed. Emerging intelligent optical networks address the traffic scaling challenge. Additionally, when combined with modern service management technologies, these networks open exciting opportunities for delivering new customized optical services directly to end-users, allowing carriers to fully exploit the economics of optical transport. This article presents a network framework for delivering optical services.
Gluco-oligosaccharides synthesized by glucosyltransferases from constitutive mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain Lm 28 (2007)

Conditions were optimized to synthesize GOS by using GTFs from Lm M286, with the aim of producing maximum quantities of branched-chain oligosaccharides with DP 3-5. This would allow the use of the latter as prebiotics.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (2016)

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has now been described as a sequela to such diverse conditions as burns, amniotic fluid embolism, acute pancreatitis, trauma, sepsis and damage as a result of elective surgery in general. Patients with ARDS require immediate intubation, with the average patient now being ventilated for between 8 and 11 days. While the acute management of ARDS is conducted by the critical care team, almost any surgical patient can be affected by the condition and we believe that it is important that a broader spectrum of hospital doctors gain an understanding of the nature of the pathology and its current treatment.
The "Stealth" decoupling capacitor (2002)

A new method of construction for a decoupling capacitor with excellent high frequency properties is described. Previous work has demonstrated the poor high frequency performance of conventional chip capacitors, because of their high internal inductance. Capacitors commonly used for decoupling in systems with clock frequencies in the tens of MHz, and thus substantial noise components in the hundreds of MHz, are self-resonant below 25 MHz. They are useless for maintaining low power supply impedance at frequencies above 100 MHz. The new capacitor construction allows capacitors of 25-50 nF to maintain low impedance into the range of several GHz. These capacitors will be useful for both single chip and multichip packaging. Because of very flexible connection options, low inductance connections into package power distribution planes are easily realized. This paper presents the construction details of the new capacitor, as well as test results on devices which have been fabricated. Materials are discussed, and manufacturing methods which should allow the production of the capacitor at very low cost are presented. Various means of using the capacitor in packages are illustrated. Because at high frequencies everything goes in and nothing comes out of the new capacitor, it has been nicknamed "Stealth".
Three-Layer Channel Routing (1984)

With the advent of VLSI technology, multiple-layer routing becomes feasible. Two special types of three-layer channel routing, VHV and HVH, are introduced in this paper. The merging algorithm and the left edge algorithm used in two-layer routing can be extended to three layers. Attempts are made to compare the lower bounds of channel width of three types of routing--two-layer, VHV, and HVH. The algorithms were coded in PASCAL and implemented on VAX 11/780 computer. The computational results are satisfactory, since all the results lead to a further reduction in routing area.
<i>Paraburkholderia phytofirmans</i> PsJN Protects <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Against a Virulent Strain of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Through the Activation of Induced Resistance (2017)

Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that stimulates plant growth and improves tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study analyzed whether strain PsJN can reduce plant disease severity and proliferation of the virulent strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, in Arabidopsis plants, through the activation of induced resistance. Arabidopsis plants previously exposed to strain PsJN showed a reduction in disease severity and pathogen proliferation in leaves compared with noninoculated, infected plants. The plant defense-related genes WRKY54, PR1, ERF1, and PDF1.2 demonstrated increased and more rapid expression in strain PsJN-treated plants compared with noninoculated, infected plants. Transcriptional analyses and functional analysis using signaling mutant plants suggested that resistance to infection by DC3000 in plants treated with strain PsJN involves salicylic acid-, jasmonate-, and ethylene-signaling pathways to activate defense genes. Additionally, activation occurs through a specific PGPR-host recognition, being a necessary metabolically active state of the bacterium to trigger the resistance in Arabidopsis, with a strain PsJN-associated molecular pattern only partially involved in the resistance response. This study provides the first report on the mechanism used by the PGPR P. phytofirmans PsJN to protect A. thaliana against a widespread virulent pathogenic bacterium.
Noncomplimentary rewriting and serial-data coding scheme for shared-sense-amplifier open-bit-line DRAM (1999)

A noncomplimentary rewriting scheme is proposed for open-bit-line DRAM's adopting a shared subsense amplifier. The scheme can theoretically cancel inter-bit-line coupling noise down to zero. In order to suppress the peak in unselected word line noise, a serial-data coding scheme was also developed, This scheme can reduce unselected word-line noise by at least 50%.
Oxidative stress in liver transplant recipients. (2011)

Liver transplant recipients are at increased risk of oxidative stress due to pre-existing liver failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, functional impairment of graft, rejections and immunosuppression. Despite the use of several methods of measurement, it is still unclear how oxidative stress correlates with tissue injury and clinical complications. In this review we discuss pathogenesis, methods of measurement, possible complications and antioxidant treatment in liver transplant recipients.
Redox states of DsbA in the periplasm of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

DsbA is a periplasmic, disulfide bond formation factor of E. coli. We studied in vivo redox states of its active site cysteines. When periplasmic contents were prepared from iodoacetic acid-treated cells, according to the previously published procedures, variable but major proportions of DsbA were in the reduced form. We found that this was due to an artificial reduction that occurred after cell disruption; even purified and oxidized DsbA underwent reduction when incubated with cell extracts in the absence of any added reducing agent. Such DsbA-reducing activities were detected in both the periplasmic and the cytoplasmic fractions. To circumvent the artifact, we analyzed redox states of DsbA under denaturing conditions. Now virtually all the DsbA molecules were detected as oxidized or reduced in the dsbB+ background or in the dsbB- background, respectively. Using the improved method, we also examined redox states of DsbA when it was overproduced, and followed the oxidation/reduction pathway that DsbA follows after biosynthesis. It is suggested that newly synthesized DsbA is rapidly oxidized by pre-existing DsbA, while oxidation of mature (functional) DsbA requires DsbB, whose roles might include that of antagonizing the actions of DsbA-reducing enzyme(s).
Informal animation sketching: Requirements and design (2004)

We present an interface design for creating informal animations from sketches. Current tools for creating animation are extremely complex. This makes it difficult for designers to prototype animations and nearly impossible for novices to create them at all. Simple animation systems exist but severely restrict the types of motion that can be represented. To guide our design of an animation sketching interface, we conducted field studies into the needs of professional and novice animators. These studies show the wide variety of motions that users desire in informal animations and indicate how to prioritize these types of motion. The interface described here allows the most important types of motion to be defined with pen gestures, and gives visual feedback for coordination of events.
<i>Bartonella quintana</i>Lipopolysaccharide Is a Natural Antagonist of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (2007)

Bartonella quintana is a gram-negative microorganism that causes trench fever and chronic bacteremia. B. quintana lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was unable to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes. Interestingly, B. quintana LPS is a potent antagonist of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as it inhibited both mRNA transcription and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-6 by Escherichia coli LPS in human monocytes, at ratios ranging from 1,000:1 to 10:1 (B. quintana LPS to E. coli LPS). Likewise, B. quintana LPS blocked the interaction of E. coli LPS with TLR4 in transfected cell lines. The extent of the inhibitory effect of B. quintana LPS was demonstrated in microarray studies, which showed downregulation of practically all genes induced by LPS in monocytes. Because of the role of TLR4 in inflammation, B. quintana LPS may prove useful as a potent anti-TLR4 agent with therapeutic potential in both infections and autoimmune inflammation.
“Smart” Drug Carriers: PEGylated TATp-Modified pH-Sensitive Liposomes (2007)

To engineer drug carriers capable of spontaneous accumulation in tumors and ischemic areas via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and further penetration and drug delivery inside tumor or ischemic cells via the action of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), we have prepared liposomes simultaneously bearing on their surface CPP (TAT peptide, TATp) moieties and protective PEG chains. PEG chains were incorporated into the liposome membrane via the PEG-attached phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) residue with PEG and PE being conjugated with the lowered pH-degradable hydrazone bond (PEG-HZ-PE). Under normal conditions, liposome-grafted PEG "shielded" liposome-attached TATp moieties since the PEG spacer for TATp attachment (PEG(1000)) was shorter than protective PEG(2000). PEGylated liposomes are expected to accumulate in targets via the EPR effect, but inside the "acidified" tumor or ischemic tissues lose their PEG coating due to the lowered pH-induced hydrolysis of HZ and penetrate inside cells via the now-exposed TATp moieties. This concept is shown here to work in cell cultures in vitro as well as in ischemic cardiac tissues in the Langendorff perfused rat heart model and in tumors in experimental mice in vivo.
Multimodal Voxelization and Kinematically Constrained Gaussian Mixture Models for Full Hand Pose Estimation: An Integrated Systems Approach (2006)

We propose a new approach to the hand pose estimation problem using only volume information. We describe a thermal and color image-based approach to generate silhouettes of the hand with which voxel images are produced using shape-from-silhouette. We assume a 16-component, 27 degree-of-freedom kinematically constrained Gaussian mixture model, and fit it over the voxel images. We constrain the otherwise freely-arranged components of this model by a system of equations describing joint characteristics parameterized by component centroids and orientations. We use the EM algorithm and steepest descent to estimate the parameters of the model such that they yield the maximum likelihood and kinematically correct pose estimates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system on synthesized as well as captured voxel images of the hand, and show that given appropriate initial conditions, the iterative model parameter estimation procedure effectively converges to and tracks the "voxelized" articulated hand.
Evidence from aequorin for injury of metabolically inhibited myocytes independently of free Ca2+. (1985)

The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin has been used to measure cytoplasmic free Ca in single rat ventricle myocytes during metabolic inhibition. Rounding-up of the myocytes, and blebbing of the surface, occurred while free Ca remained at normal resting levels of 1 to 3 X 10(-7)M. Control over free Ca is less susceptible to metabolic blockade than is structural organization.
Biologically Inspired, Open, Helicoid Impeller Design for Mechanical Circulatory Assist (2019)

Rotating impeller actuated by electromagnet has been a key technological innovation which surpassed earlier limitations of pulsatile pumps. Current impeller design, however, is alien to the functional unit of the human circulatory system and remains a potential cause of adverse prothrombotic events such as hemolysis or pump thrombosis by forcing blood cells to pass over a narrow space available within the rapidly alternating blades attached along its central hub, creating fundamentally a nonphysiologic flow, especially for miniaturized percutaneous blood pumps. Here, we present a biologically inspired, open, helicoid (BiO-H) impeller design for a circulatory assist device that has a fundamentally different footprint from the conventional Archimedean screw-based impeller designs by implementing new design features inspired by an avian right atrioventricular valve. Design parameters including an inner diameter, helix height, overall height, helix revolutions/pitch, blade length, blade thickness, introductory blade angle, number of blades, and blade shape were optimized for maximum output volumetric flow rate through the parametric analysis in computational fluid dynamics simulation. BiO-H shows an improved flow path with 2.25-fold less cross-sectional area loss than the conventional impeller designs. BiO-H with a diameter of 15 mm resulted in a maximum flow rate of 25 L/min at 15,000 revolutions per minute in simulation and showed further improved pressure-flow relationship in benchtop experiments. The design shows promise in increasing flow and could serve as a new impeller design for future blood pumps.
Reorganization of Motor Cortex after Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats and Implications for Functional Recovery (2010)

We report the results of controlled cortical impact (CCI) centered on the caudal forelimb area (CFA) of rat motor cortex to determine the feasibility of examining cortical plasticity in a spared cortical motor area (rostral forelimb area, RFA). We compared the effects of three CCI parameter sets (groups CCI-1, CCI-2, and CCI-3) that differed in impactor surface shape, size, and location, on behavioral recovery and RFA structural and functional integrity. Forelimb deficits in the limb contralateral to the injury were evident in all three CCI groups assessed by skilled reach and footfault tasks that persisted throughout the 35-day post-CCI assessment period. Nissl-stained coronal sections revealed that the RFA was structurally intact. Intracortical microstimulation experiments conducted at 7 weeks post-CCI demonstrated that RFA was functionally viable. However, the size of the forelimb representation decreased significantly in CCI-1 compared to the control group. Subdivided into component movement categories, there was a significant group effect for proximal forelimb movements. The RFA area reduction and reorganization are discussed in relation to possible diaschisis, and to compensatory functional behavior, respectively. Also, an inverse correlation between the anterior extent of the lesion and the size of the RFA was identified and is discussed in relation to corticocortical connectivity. The results suggest that CCI can be applied to rat CFA while sparing RFA. This CCI model can contribute to our understanding of neural plasticity in premotor cortex as a substrate for functional motor recovery.
Automated prediction of the apnea-hypopnea index using a wireless patch sensor (2014)

Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard that manually quantifies the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) to assess the severity of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). This study presents an algorithm that automatically estimates the AHI value using a disposable HealthPatch(TM) sensor. Volunteers (n=53, AHI: 0.1-85.8) participated in an overnight PSG study with patch sensors attached to their chest at three specified locations and data were wirelessly acquired. Features were computed for 150-second epochs of patch sensor data using analyses of heart rate variability, respiratory signals, posture and movements. Linear Support Vector Machine classifier was trained to detect the presence/absence of apnea/hypopnea events for each epoch. The number of epochs identified with events was subsequently mapped to AHI values using quadratic regression analysis. The classifier and regression models were optimized to minimize the mean-square error of AHI based on leave-one-out cross-validation. Comparison of predicted and reference AHI values resulted in linear correlation coefficients of 0.87, 0.88 and 0.92 for the three locations, respectively. The predicted AHI values were subsequently used to classify the control-to-mild apnea group (AHI<;15) and moderate-to-severe apnea (AHI≥15) with an accuracy (95% confidence intervals) of 89.4% (77.4-95.4%), 85.0% (70.9-92.9%), and 82.9% (67.3-91.9%) for the three locations, respectively. Overnight physiological monitoring using a wireless patch sensor provides an accurate estimate of AHI.