gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Urokinase Receptor-Integrin Interaction Site (2000)

Adhesion and signaling by integrins require their dynamic association with nonintegrin membrane proteins. One such protein, the glycolipid-anchored urokinase receptor (uPAR), associates with and modifies the function of the beta(2)-integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18). In this study, a critical non-I-domain binding site for uPAR on CD11b (M25; residues 424-440) is identified by homology with a phage display peptide known to bind uPAR. Recombinant soluble uPAR and cells expressing uPAR bound to immobilized M25, binding being promoted by urokinase and blocked by soluble M25, but not a scrambled control or homologous peptides from other beta(2)-associated alpha-chains. Mac-1, but not a mutated Mac-1 in which M25 was replaced with the homologous sequence of CD11c, co-precipitated with uPAR. In the beta-propeller model of alpha-chain folding, M25 spans an exposed loop on the ligand-binding, upper surface of alphaM, identifying uPAR as an atypical alphaM ligand. Although not blocking ligand binding to Mac-1, M25 (25-100 microM) inhibited leukocyte adhesion to fibrinogen, vitronectin, and cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells. M25 also blocked the association of uPAR with beta(1)-integrins and impaired beta(1)-integrin-dependent spreading and migration of human vascular smooth muscle cells on fibronectin and collagen. These observations indicate that uPAR associates with integrins directly and that disruption of this association broadly impairs integrin function, suggesting a novel strategy for regulation of integrins in the settings of inflammation and tumor progression.
Sound polymorphic type inference for objects (1995)

A polymorphic, constraint-based type inference algorithm for an object-oriented language is defined. A generalized form of type, polymorphic recursively constrained types, are inferred. These types are expressive enough for typing objects, since they generalize recursive types and F-bounded polymorphism. The well-known tradeoff between inheritance and subtyping is mitigated by the type inference mechanism. Soundness and completeness of type inference are established.
On the putative role of transient receptor potential cation channels in asthma (2009)

The mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of 28 mammalian TRP cation channels, which can be subdivided into six main subfamilies: the TRPC ('Canonical'), TRPV ('Vanilloid'), TRPM ('Melastatin'), TRPP ('Polycystin'), TRPML ('Mucolipin') and the TRPA ('Ankyrin') groups. Increasing evidence has accumulated during the previous few years that links TRP channels to the cause of several diseases or to critically influence and/or determine their progress. This review focuses on the possible role of TRP channels in the aetiology of asthmatic lung disease.
Performance management for cluster-based web services (2005)

We present an architecture and prototype implementation of a performance management system for cluster-based web services. The system supports multiple classes of web services traffic and allocates server resources dynamically so to maximize the expected value of a given cluster utility function in the face of fluctuating loads. The cluster utility is a function of the performance delivered to the various classes, and this leads to differentiated service. In this paper, we will use the average response time as the performance metric. The management system is transparent: it requires no changes in the client code, the server code, or the network interface between them. The system performs three performance management tasks: resource allocation, load balancing, and server overload protection. We use two nested levels of management. The inner level centers on queuing and scheduling of request messages. The outer level is a feedback control loop that periodically adjusts the scheduling weights and server allocations of the inner level. The feedback controller is based on an approximate first-principles model of the system, with parameters derived from continuous monitoring. We focus on SOAP-based web services. We report experimental results that show the dynamic behavior of the system.
Germination of Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) Pollen on an Artificial Medium<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Gossypium hirsutum L. pollen was germinated by dusting it on a 3.5% agar medium containing sucrose, manganous sulfate, calcium nitrate, and boric acid. The medium was autoclaved for 5 min at 15 pounds per square inch and then poured into petri dishes to a depth of 5 to 7 mm. After cooling, the agar plates were stored in a refrigerator for 24 hours before use. Pollen was dusted onto the medium and the plates were placed in a germination chamber at 30 C and a relative humidity approaching 100%. To date, germinations have been low, ranging from 10 to 64% with an average of 30%. Advantages of this technique over the Broncker's method are: (i) more rapid germination (2 to 3 hours); (ii) more normal‐appearing tube cytoplasm, and (iii) much longer tubes.
04 포스터 발표 : 토양 환경 분야(PS) ; PS-21 : 토양내에서 소석회 보다 패화석이 카드뮴 부동화에 더 효과적인 이유 (2015)

In the previous field study (Hong et al., 2010), oyster shell, byproducts from mariculture, was found to have much higher potential on reducing cadmium (Cd) uptake of radish (Raphanus sativa L.) and increasing the strongly bound Cd fraction in soil than Ca(OH)2, a strongest liming material, even though it was less effective at increasing soil pH and net negative charge. To elucidate mechanism of Cd immobilization by oyster shell in a soil, its Cd adsorption capacity was compared with calcite mineral (CaCO3), which is raw material of Ca(OH)2 and has similar chemical composition with oyster shell through sorption test. 5 g of calcite(<0.84 mm) and oyster shell(<0.84 mm) were reacted with 30 ml of 0, 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, 250,000 and 400,000 mg Cd L-1 (CdCl2 ) solution in 50 ml polyethylene centrifuge tube on shaking incubator at 25℃ for 48 h. The suspension was centrifuged for 1 h at 10,000 rpm and supernatant solution was decanted. Supernatant was analyzed for Cd concentration and Cd equilibrium state. Residual oyster shell and calcite were used for morphology test using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) technique. Cadmium sorption capacity of oyster shell was much greater than that of calcite. This might result from different specific surface area of both materials (cm2 g-1 for oyster shell and cm2 g-1 for calcite). There was no visible change of surface morphology of both material, which was detected by SEM. While Cd was detected in oyster shell inner layer in EDS analysis, it was not in calcite. In addition, we can identify otavite (CdCO3) on calcite surface with application of 400,000 mg Cd L-1 by XRD analysis however we can definitely identify otavite (CdCO3) on oyster shell surface with application of from 100,000 to 400,000 mg Cd L-1 by XRD analysis. Nevertheless, saturation index in soil solution by the visual MINTEQ program showed that both calcite and oyster shell were oversaturated until 1,000 mg Cd L-1 and those were undersaturated from 10,000 to 400,000 mg Cd L-1. Also, both calcite and oyster shell have a pH value below 7.8 with application 1,000 mg Cd L-1. When soil solution has a pH value below about 8, it can not make a precipitation as otavite (CdCO3). Above the result, Cd immobilization formed precipitation and chemosorption. And then Oyster shell significantly increased water soluble calcium concentration with increasing application rate of Cd more than calcite. In the chain reaction oyster shell decreased water soluble Cd concentration with increasing application rate of Cd more than calcite. Conclusionly, oyster shell is porous and has more solubility than calcite could be especially effective in reducing the bioavailability of cadmium soil.
A<i>lipA</i>(<i>yutB</i>) Mutant, Encoding Lipoic Acid Synthase, Provides Insight into the Interplay between Branched-Chain and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2009)

Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor required for the function of key metabolic pathways in most organisms. We report the characterization of a Bacillus subtilis mutant obtained by disruption of the lipA (yutB) gene, which encodes lipoyl synthase (LipA), the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the de novo biosynthesis of this cofactor. The function of lipA was inferred from the results of genetic and physiological experiments, and this study investigated its role in B. subtilis fatty acid metabolism. Interrupting lipoate-dependent reactions strongly inhibits growth in minimal medium, impairing the generation of branched-chain fatty acids and leading to accumulation of copious amounts of straight-chain saturated fatty acids in B. subtilis membranes. Although depletion of LipA induces the expression of the Delta5 desaturase, controlled by a two-component system that senses changes in membrane properties, the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is insufficient to support growth in the absence of precursors for branched-chain fatty acids. However, unsaturated fatty acids generated by deregulated overexpression of the Delta5 desaturase functionally replaces lipoic acid-dependent synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, we show that the cold-sensitive phenotype of a B. subtilis strain deficient in Delta5 desaturase is suppressed by isoleucine only if LipA is present.
Left-behind women of migrant-men: Rethinking agency and autonomy of women in rural Bangladesh (2022)

This paper details the changes in the agency and autonomy of left-behind women of international migrant-men exploring continuity and changes in the discourse and systems of traditional gender roles of a village in rural Bangladesh. It sheds light on the pattern of trans-border communication of the women and their mobility in the locality and subsequent changes in gender relations. Through ethnographic fieldwork, this paper examined how women rearrange their culturally constructed boundaries and meanings of their gender.  This study also explored whether these changes are temporal for the migration period and what happens when husbands return permanently. The study followed the post-structural and intersectional feminist approaches and suggested that men’s migration creates a situation where some women get the advantages of widening their room for manoeuvre, which may be sustained after the return of their spouse.     Key words: Agency, autonomy, mobility, migration, manoeuvre.
Two-Crystal Gamma-Ray Scintillation Spectrometer (1953)

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Fluorescence enhancement of α-naphthyloxyacetic acid in the cavity of γ-cyclodextrin, assisted by a space-regulating molecule (1981)

The fluorescence intensity of α-naphthyloxy-acetic acid in aqueous solution is slightly enhanced by addition of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), but markedly enhanced in the presence of both γ-CD and cyclohexanol, showing the role of cyclohexanol as a space-regulator which narrows the cavity of γ-CD to allow the inclusion of the fluorophore.
Evaluation of T Cell Subsets by an Immunocytochemical Method Compared to Flow Cytometry in Four Countries (1997)

The authors tested an alternative method for CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes enumeration, the immunoalkaline phosphatase method (IA), in three African countries and in Denmark. The IA determinations from 136 HIV antibody positive and 105 HIV antibody negative individuals were compared to the corresponding results obtained by flow cytometry (FC) performed in the respective countries. The authors found good correspondence between the two methods for measurements of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes independent of serological status and geographical site. However, the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes values obtained by the two methods are not interchangeable as IA compared to FC consistently gives higher percentage of CD4 T lymphocytes, and lower percentage of CD8 T lymphocytes. Mean differences between the two methods did not differ between the three African countries indicating that the IA method provides systematic results. Replicate measurements suggested good correspondence between results obtained by IA. By using an IA level of < 300 CD4 T lymphocytes/microliter, the sensitivity was 81% and specificity 96% for detecting an FC level of < 200 CD4 T lymphocytes/microliter. Using an IA level of < 20% CD4 T lymphocytes, the sensitivity was 89% and specificity 95% for detecting an FC level of < 14% CD4 T lymphocytes. The FC and IA methods had the same internal correspondence between low absolute CD4 T cell count and low CD4 percentages; the sensitivity and specificity for detecting a low absolute CD4 T cell counts with a low CD4 percentage was 92% and 68% for FC and 91% and 73% for IA, respectively. The IA method is 10-fold cheaper than FC, is independent of advanced laboratory facilities, and does not need immediate processing of samples as blood smears can be stored for long periods. The IA method is therefore suitable for use in areas with limited resources and laboratory facilities where there is a need for immunological surveillance in hospital or community studies.
Suppression of Purified Protein Derivative-Induced Interleukin-2 Production by Interaction of CD16 (Leu 11 Reactive) Lymphocytes and Adherent Mononuclear Cells in Tuberculosis (1989)

Journal Article Suppression of Purified Protein Derivative-Induced Interleukin-2 Production by Interaction of CD16 (Leu 11 Reactive) Lymphocytes and Adherent Mononuclear Cells in Tuberculosis Get access Zahra Toossi, Zahra Toossi Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Veterans Administration Medical Center and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Zahra Toossi, Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kay L. Edmonds, Kay L. Edmonds Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Veterans Administration Medical Center and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Waliton Tomford, J. Waliton Tomford Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Veterans Administration Medical Center and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerrold J. Ellner Jerrold J. Ellner Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Veterans Administration Medical Center and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 159, Issue 2, February 1989, Pages 352–356, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/159.2.352 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Received: 09 May 1988 Revision received: 22 August 1988 Published: 01 February 1989
Regulation of ovarian function: the role of anti-Mullerian hormone (2002)

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), also known as Mullerian inhibiting substance, is a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. In contrast to other members of the family, which exert a broad range of functions in multiple tissues, the principal function of AMH is to induce regression of the Mullerian ducts during male sex differentiation. However, the patterns of expression of AMH and its type II receptor in the postnatal ovary indicate that AMH may play an important role in ovarian folliculogenesis. This review describes several in vivo and in vitro studies showing that AMH participates in two critical selection points of follicle development: it inhibits the recruitment of primordial follicles into the pool of growing follicles and also decreases the responsiveness of growing follicles to FSH.
LVII.—The combination of mercaptans with unsaturated ketonic compounds (1905)

S. Ruhemann, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1905, 87, 461 DOI: 10.1039/CT9058700461
Integer fast modified cosine transform (2003)

In this paper, an efficient implementation of the forward and inverse MDCT is proposed for even-length MDCT. The algorithm uses discrete cosine transform of type II (DCT-II) to compute the forward MDCT and their inverse DCT-III to compute the inverse MDCT. The lifting scheme is used to approximate multiplications appearing in the MDCT lattice structure where the dynamic range of the lifting coefficients can be controlled by proper choices of the lifting factorizations. The new structure requires less multiplications and additions than previous reported algorithms. The new transform has the properties that it is an integer-to-integer mapping and is reversible. Moreover, it inherits most of the attractive properties of the MDCT, including a good spectral representation of the audio signal, critical sampling and overlapping of blocks. Hence, the intMDCT is suitable for both lossless and lossy audio coding.
A Cryo-Transfer System for a Transmission Microscope (1980)

The crucial step in the preparation of biological specimens is the fixation procedure intended to preserve the momentary biochemical, physiological and ultramorphological state of the tissue, despite any subsequent treatment. In principle, biological material can be fixed in a chemical or physical way. It is well known that application of chemical fixatives followed by conventional resin embedding techniques can cause modifications or obvious disruption of fine structure or even loss of some cell components. This conventional procedure may also cause loss or displacement of elements at any stage in the preparation process. This means that microanalysis, at least of diffusible substances, is not significant (1). Last but not least, it should be emphasized that chemical fixation causes all normal functions to be irreversibly destroyed from the very beginning of the preparation procedure. Physical fixation means rapid freezing of the biological sample. It has been amply demonstrated that freezing, when performed correctly, is a real alternative to ensure artefact-free fixation of living tissue. This is mainly due to the fact that the aqueous environment of the biological sample is not disturbed when the sample is frozen. One of the main reasons why frozen hydrated specimens are not normally directly observed in the electron microscope, is the technical difficulty of transferring the frozen hydrated specimen to the specimen chamber and to keep it at low temperature during observation. This results in loss of the primary advantage of freezing since the frozen water has to be removed from the specimen before it can be introduced into the electron microscope.
Geographic distribution of wild potato species (2001)

The geographic distribution of wild potatoes (Solanaceae sect. Petota) was analyzed using a database of 6073 georeferenced observations. Wild potatoes occur in 16 countries, but 88% of the observations are from Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, and Peru. Most species are rare and narrowly endemic: for 77 species the largest distance between two observations of the same species is <100 km. Peru has the highest number of species (93), followed by Bolivia (39). A grid of 50 × 50 km cells and a circular neighborhood with a radius of 50 km to assign points to grid cells was used to map species richness. High species richness occurs in northern Argentina, central Bolivia, central Ecuador, central Mexico, and south and north-central Peru. The highest number of species in a grid cell (22) occurs in southern Peru. To include all species at least once, 59 grid cells need to be selected (out of 1317 cells with observations). Wild potatoes occur between 38° N and 41° S, with more species in the southern hemisphere. Species richness is highest between 8° and 20° S and around 20° N. Wild potatoes typically occur between 2000 and 4000 m altitude.
Autonomous On-Board Calibration of Attitude Sensors and Gyros (2007)

This paper presents the state of the art and future prospects for autonomous real-time on-orbit calibration of gyros and attitude sensors. The current practice in ground-based calibration is presented briefly to contrast it with on-orbit calibration. The technical and economic benefits of on-orbit calibration are discussed. Various algorithms for on-orbit calibration are evaluated, including some that are already operating on board spacecraft. Because Redundant Inertial Measurement Units (RIMUs, which are IMUs that have more than three sense axes) are almost ubiquitous on spacecraft, special attention will be given to calibration of RIMUs. In addition, we discuss autonomous on board calibration and how it may be implemented.
Self-aligned nanoscale processing solutions via selective atomic layer deposition of oxide, nitride, and metallic films (2017)

Nanoscale process integration demands novel nanopatterning techniques in compliance with the requirements of next generation devices. Conventionally, top-down subtractive (etch) or additive (deposition/lift-off) processes in conjunction with various lithography techniques is employed to achieve film patterning, which become increasingly challenging due to the ever-shrinking alignment requirements. To reduce the complexity burden of lithographic alignment in critical fabrication steps, self-aligned processes such as selective deposition and selective etching might provide attractive solutions. Selective atomic layer deposition (SALD) has attracted immense attention in recent years for self-aligned accurate pattern placement with sub-nanometer thickness control. During the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, film nucleation is critically dependent on the surface chemistry of the substrate which makes it possible to achieve selective-ALD (SALD) by chemically modifying the substrate surface. Local modification of substrate surface opens up possibilities to achieve lateral control over film growth in addition to robust thickness control during ALD process. SALD offers numerous advantages in nanoscale device fabrication such as reduction of the lithography steps required, elimination of complicated etching processes, and minimization of expensive reagent use. In this work, we review our recent SALD efforts using various inhibition layers resulting in promising self-aligned deposition solutions for metaloxide, metal, and III-nitride thin films. We report a comprehensive investigation to select the most compatible inhibition layer among poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ICP-polymerized fluorocarbon layers for SALD of metal-oxide and metallic thin films. In addition, single-layer and multi-layered graphene layers are explored as plasma-compatible inhibition layers for selective deposition of III-nitride materials. Extensive materials characterization efforts are carried out to correlate the ALD recipe parameters with the selective deposition performance. The materials and deposition recipes developed in this work overcome various challenges associated with previous methods of SALD and provide alternative routes towards nano-patterning particularly for the sub-10 nm CMOS technology nodes as well as for sensors, photovoltaics, materials for energy storage, catalysis, etc.