gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the Moloney sarcoma virus system: No requirement for exogenous C5 (1979)

It has been demonstrated that IgM antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) does not require exogenous C5 in the Moloney sarcoma virus (M-MuSV) system by employing AJ (C5 deficient) mice as a source of antibody, lymphocytes, and serum for support of cultures. The AJ mice injected with the M-MuSV developed tumors within 5 days which were regressed by 16–20 days. The pooled antisera from these regressor animals were fractionated on Sephadex G-200 to obtain the 19 and 7 S fractions. The capability of the fractions to induce ADCC by spleen, lymph node, and thymus cells was tested against cells possessing the relevant virus-induced antigens and control cells lacking these antigens. The assays were carried out in medium supplemented with heat inactivated AJ serum. The results indicate that C5-deficient AJ mice are capable of regressing M-MuSV-induced tumors and, therefore, that exogenous C5 is not required for this in vivo response. These mice produce both IgM and IgG with very high titers in ADCC against the specific target cells. Lymphocytes from the spleen, lymph node, and thymus of AJ mice are active effector cells against IgM-sensitized target cells with titers being generally higher with thymocytes. IgG-sensitized target cells were lysed only by splenocytes and lymph node cells. The involvement of membrane-bound complement components was not determined in this study. The assay was conducted in heat-inactivated serum in the absence of exogenous C5, and we conclude that IgG- and IgM-ADCC do not require the classical or alternative pathway of complement fixation.
Use of blockchain to solve select issues of Indian farmers (2019)

Agriculture is responsible for feeding the whole population and farmers are its main stakeholder. However, the socio-economic condition of farmers in most countries is not good and India is not an exception. This could be seen in terms of very low per capita income of Indian farmers. Farmers often face various issues in practicing their profession which affect their status quo. To this effect, this paper identifies fourteen such issues using exhaustive literature search and Delphi Technique. These issues are categorized under four head namely lack of proper information, beneficiaries schemes, low price of agricultural produce and lack of transparency and traceability in agri-business. Further to handle these select issues; a blockchain based information system is proposed.
<title>Channel waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer for wavelength splitting and combining</title> (1991)

A guided-wave Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure, based on the use of a four-port hybrid optical coupler consisting of symmetric and nonsymmetric y-junctions, is proposed for wavelength division multiplexing application. This structure provides low sensitivity to fabrication parameters and optical polarization and can also be applied to wide wavelength spacing operations. Interferometers for wavelength splitting in the 1.3 and 1.55 micrometers windows were designed and fabricated into a glass substrate with a dry silver ion exchange process. The measured crosstalk was -30 dB with nonpolarized light.
Evolution of the Fog Droplet Size Distribution Observed by Laser Scattering (1970)

Scattering of a continuous wave He-Ne laser beam in artificial fog is observed by five photometers at different angles. The measured intensity of the light scattered in the different directions is related to a T-type spectral distribution of the droplet sizes during the various evolution stages of the fog. The artificial fog is produced in a 40-m(3) chamber, where the main physical parameters (vapor and nuclei concentration, temperature) can be controlled to reproduce the complete evolution process. The fog droplet size spectrum is determined at intervals of about 1 min. The results show that the size distribution shifts towards larger size droplets during condensation, and that the shift is reversed during fog dissipation.
Early User Appraisal of the MDARS Interior Robot (1999)

The Mobile Detection Assessment Response System (MDARS) is a joint Army-Navy effort to field interior and exterior autonomous platforms for security and inventory assessment functions at DoD warehouses and storage sites. The MDARS operator interface (host console) is based upon the Multiple Resource Host Architecture (MRHA), a distributed processing system that allows coordinated control of multiple autonomous resources. The current configuration provides control for up to 32 interior and/or exterior robotic vehicles, with provision for near-term integration of remote fixed sensors or sensor pods. The MDARS-Interior (MDARS-I) effort, initiated in 1989 to improve the effectiveness of a shrinking guard force, was quickly expanded to address the intensive manpower requirements associated with accounting for high-dollar and critical assets. An integral component of the MRHA is the Product Assessment System, which extends the capabilities of MDARS into automated inventory management. The robotic platforms are equipped with an RF interrogator for reading interactive transponder tags attached to high-value or critical inventory items. Upon interrogation by the robot, individual tags respond with the stock number and any other relevant information concerning the product. The data collected is stored in a database for comparison with expected conditions, and any discrepancies subsequently flagged by geographic location for investigation. In 1995, a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) contract was awarded to Cybermotion, Inc., of Roanoke, VA, to expand upon the government-developed interior prototype by adding improved navigation, extended intrusion detection, and RF interrogation of inventory. The upgraded platform passed formal Technical Feasibility Testing with flying colors in February 1997. This paper provides an overview of the MDARS-I robotic security system, some insights into the problems associated with installation, and a first assessment of lessons learned.
飼い猫に寄生した有線条虫Mesocestoides sp.の1症例 (1994)

A 2-year-old domestic cat discharged 2 small cestode segments (1mm × 1mm) into the stool on 16th in March, 1993. On the next day, 4 cestode strobilae without scolex were obtained from this cat by administration of praziquantel (30mg/kg). Strobilae measured approximately 60-86mm in length and 1mm in maximum width. In each immature segment, the number of testes was more than 60. A paruterus measuring 316-473μm × 316-371μm was situated at the rear central part of each gravid segment. The eggs (32 × 24μm) in the paruterus contained oncosphers. These Mesocestoides Cestoda were not identified as M.lineatus or M. literatus for lack of their scoleces.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Use of Pulmonary-Artery Catheters in High-Risk Surgical Patients (2003)

We found no benefit to therapy directed by pulmonary-artery catheter over standard care in elderly, high-risk surgical patients requiring intensive care.
Computational continua (2010)

Abstract We develop a new coarse‐scale continuum formulation hereafter referred to as computational continua. By this approach, the coarse‐scale governing equations are stated on a so‐called computational continua domain consisting of disjoint union of computational unit cells, positions of which are determined to reproduce the weak form of the governing equations on the fine scale. The label ‘computational’ is conceived from both theoretical and computational considerations. From a theoretical point of view, the computational continua is endowed with fine‐scale details; it introduces no scale separation; and makes no assumption about infinitesimality of the fine‐scale structure. From computational point of view, the computational continua does not require higher‐order continuity; introduces no new degrees‐of‐freedom; and is free of higher‐order boundary conditions. The proposed continuum description features two building blocks: the nonlocal quadrature scheme and the coarse‐scale stress function. The nonlocal quadrature scheme, which replaces the classical Gauss (local) quadrature, allows for nonlocal interactions to extend over finite neighborhoods and thus introduces nonlocality into the two‐scale integrals employed in various homogenization theories. The coarse‐scale stress function, which replaces the classical notion of coarse‐scale stress being the average of fine‐scale stresses, is constructed to express the governing equations in terms of coarse‐scale fields only. Perhaps the most interesting finding of the present manuscript is that the coarse‐scale continuum description that is consistent with an underlying fine‐scale description depends on both the coarse‐scale discretization and fine‐scale details. As a prelude to introducing the computational continua framework, we unveil the relation between the generalized continua and higher‐order mathematical homogenization theory and point out to their limitations. This serves as motivation to the main part of the manuscript, which is the computational continua formulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Locomotion Interface with Two 6-DOF Parallel Manipulators That Allows Human Walking on Various Virtual Terrains (2006)

This paper proposes a novel locomotion interface that can generate an infinite floor with various surfaces and can provide a user with proprioceptive feedback about walking. The interface allows users to experience life-like walking in virtual environments with various terrains. The interface consists of two platforms, each consisting of a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF; x, y and yaw) planar device on which a 3-DOF (pitch, roll and z) footpad is mounted. Alternating current servomotors drive the planar devices to generate rapid motions, while pneumatic actuators drive the footpad devices to generate the impedances required for various virtual terrains, in addition to supporting the user’s weight. To simulate natural human walking, the locomotion interface design specifications are based on gait analysis, and each mechanism is optimally designed and manufactured to satisfy these requirements. The locomotion interface allows natural walking (step, 0.8 m; height, 20 cm; load capability, 100 kg; slope, 55°) on various terrains. In addition, a new walking control algorithm is proposed for generating continuous walking on an infinite floor involving various terrains. In this algorithm, each independent platform follows a human foot during the swing phase, while the other platform returns to the home position during the single-limb stance phase. During the double-limb stance phase, the two platforms assume neutral positions to compensate for the offset errors generated by velocity changes. Therefore, this algorithm can satisfy natural walking conditions in any direction. The transition phase between the swing and stance phases is detected using a simple switch sensor system, while human foot motions are sensed using a calibrated magnetic motion tracker attached to the shoe. Actual walking simulations on level ground, slopes, and stairs show that the proposed locomotion interface allows an average person to walk naturally on various virtual terrains in safety, without marked disturbances. This interface has various applications, such as in virtual reality (VR) navigation, rehabilitation, and gait analysis.
Impact of repeated anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine on the well-being of C57BL/6JRj mice (2018)

Within the scope of the 3Rs of Russel and Burch, the number of laboratory animals can be reduced by repeated use of an animal. This strategy only becomes relevant, if the total amount of pain, distress or harm the individual animal experiences does not exceed the severity of a single manipulation. For example, when using imaging techniques, an animal can be examined several times during a study, but it has to be anesthetized each time imaging is performed. The severity of anesthesia is thought to be mild according to the Directive 2010/63/EU. However, the Directive does not differentiate between single and repeated anesthesia, although repeated anesthesia may have a greater impact on well-being. Hence, we compared the impact of single and repeated anesthesia (six times at an interval of three to four days) by injection of ketamine and xylazine (KX) on the well-being of adult female and male C57BL/6JRj mice. After anesthesia, well-being of mice was assessed according to a protocol for systematic assessment of well-being including nesting, the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS), a test for trait anxiety, home cage activity, and the rotarod test for motor activity, food intake, and body weight, as well as corticosterone (metabolite) analysis. Repeated anesthesia increased the MGS in mice of both sexes and caused short-term effects on well-being of female mice in the immediate post-anesthetic period, indicated by longer lasting effects on trait anxiety-related behavior. However, corticosterone metabolite concentrations suggested that mice habituated to the stress induced by repeated KX administration. Hence, the mildly negative effects on well-being of repeated KX anesthesia do not seem to accumulate over time using the respective regimen. However, further observations for severity classification are warranted in order to more specifically determine the duration of mild distress and trait anxiety.
Novel molecular and cellular strategies in cancer therapy. (1998)

Tumor initiation and progression results from several subsequent mutations in genes that control cellular proliferation and differentiation. Neoplasia may lead to the expression of antigens that may be derived from such oncogenes or the activation of other cellular or viral genes that may represent tumor associated antigens. This review summarizes the present understanding of these mechanisms in an effort to design new therapeutic strategies.
Towards spontaneous parametric down conversion from monolayer MoS2 (2018)

We present a detailed study of the second order nonlinearity of 2D (mono-atomic layer) dichalcogenide MoS<sub>2</sub>, both in the visible and in the IR regime, and test its potential for spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), the amplification of vacuum fluctuations mediated by optical nonlinearity. We develop a model of SPDC from a deeply subwavelength nonlinear medium, where phase matching conditions are completely relaxed, and make predictions about the rate of emitted photons, their momentum, polarisation and spectrum. We show that detection in the visible spectral region is hindered by the strong photoluminescence background. Moving to the IR regime we observe indications of SPDC by performing polarization, power dependence and lifetime measurements around 1560 nm. We show that the signal from a single monolayer is qualitatively different from that generated by multi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub>. Finally, we characterize the latter as a new kind of photo-luminescence emission which is enhanced at the edges of multi-layer MoS<sub>2</sub>.
Conjugated-Paired Radio-on-Fiber transmission scheme highly tolerant against optical fiber nonlinearity (2014)

We propose and investigate Conjugated-Paired Radio-on-Fiber (C-RoF) transmission, which shows high tolerance against optical nonlinearity in optical fiber links, aiming for achieving higher RF link gain. It is shown that the nonlinear distortion is cancelled out by the C-RoF technique.
Isolation, Characterization, and Expression of the Gene Encoding the β Subunit of the Mitochondrial Processing Peptidase from <i>Blastocladiella emersonii</i> (1998)

A 2.3-kb BamHI-KpnI fragment was isolated from a partial genomic library and shown by nucleotide sequence analysis to contain the entire coding region of the gene encoding the beta subunit of the Blastocladiella mitochondrial processing peptidase (beta-MPP). The predicted beta-MPP protein has 465 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 50.8 kDa. S1 nuclease protection assays revealed an intron, 209 bp in size, interrupting the coding region between the putative signal sequence and the mature protein. Northern blot analysis showed that beta-MPP mRNA levels decrease significantly during B. emersonii sporulation, reaching basal levels in the zoospore stage. The amount of beta-MPP protein, determined in Western blots, unlike its mRNA, does not vary significantly throughout the fungal life cycle.
Intelligent control using θ-adaptive neural networks: a new approach to identification and control of nonlinear systems (2005)

A novel use of neural networks for parameter estimation in nonlinear identification and control problems is proposed. The neural network is used to identify the relation between system variables and parameters of a dynamical system. Two different algorithms, a block estimation method and a recursive estimation method are presented. In the block estimation method, the neural network approximates the mapping between the system response and the system parameters, while in the recursive method, the parameter estimates are recursively updated by incorporating new information. Both methods are useful for parameter estimation in systems where either the structure of the nonlinearities present are unknown or when the parameters occur nonlinearly. Analytical conditions under which successful estimation can be carried out are studied. How the algorithms can be applied to control of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and the associated stability issues are also discussed.
Williams-Comstock model with finite-length transition functions (1999)

The theory of the third-order-polynomial (TOP) and fifth-order-polynomial (FOP) magnetization transitions is presented. These transitions have a finite length, rather than an asymptotic approach to /spl plusmn/M/sub r/., which is the case with some widely-used transition functions. The Williams-Comstock model is used to obtain the transition parameters, which are equal to half the transition lengths, resulting in quadratic equations and simple expressions. In this analysis, the write-field gradient is maximized with respect to the deep-gap field, as well as with respect to the distance of the transition from gap center, which results in a higher gradient than is obtained with the original Williams-Comstock approach, at the expense of a higher write current. Analytic expressions are obtained for the read pulses of inductive and shielded magnetoresistive heads, and equations for nonlinear transition shift are derived for the arctangent and the TOP transitions. The results are compared with those obtained using arctangent and tanh transitions and with experiment. In addition, certain aspects of the write-process Q function and the optimum deep-gap field are discussed.
Development of cardiac patches using medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates for cardiac tissue engineering (2017)

Medium chain length-PHAs (MCL-PHAs) have properties that make them exceptional for applications in cardiac tissue engineering. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac patches aim to facilitate the normal functioning of the heart muscle by providing repair and support to the infarcted tissue post myocardial infarction. In this project, two MCL-PHAs, poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO) homopolymer and poly(3-hydroxynonanoate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) P(3HN-co-3HHP) were produced from Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 using sodium octanoate and sodium nonanoate respectively as the carbon source and the growth profiles were monitored for 48 h. The polymers were characterised to confirm the chemical structure of the polymers. Different types of scaffolds were fabricated like plain films, random fibres and aligned fibres, using different ratios of P(3HO) and P(3HN-co-3HHP) which were 100:0 (P(3HO)), 20:80 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP), 50:50 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP), 80:20 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP) and 0:100 P(3HN-co-3HHP). The mechanical and thermal properties of the films were analysed along with the wettability of all the scaffolds. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were also conducted on all the different scaffolds (films, random and aligned fibres) by growing human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) on them. The cells were found to be viable and healthy with comparable beating rates and calcium transients to that measured on gelatin which was used as the positive control. The cell alignment quantification on the aligned fibres indicated around 50% of the cells were aligned in one direction. Porous 5 wt% 2D scaffolds and porous 20 wt% 3D structure were fabricated using P(3HO) and different concentrations of the porogen, sucrose and NaCl respectively, to obtain pores in the size range of 250-300 μm which exhibited decreased hydrophobicity compared to the neat scaffolds. In vitro cell culture with C2C12 exhibited higher cell proliferation rate on the porous P(3HO) structures as compared to the neat P(3HO) film. The P(3HO) and PANI (polyaniline) blend scaffolds were fabricated to introduce electrical conductivity and they were analysed for their material characteristics. The effect of the addition of PANI on cardiomyocyte proliferation was studied using neonatal ventricular rat myocardial cells (NVRM). A one step method involving the use of poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) with isocyanate end groups (NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) was used for the incorporation of RGD, YIGSR peptides and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the surface of P(3HO)/P(3HN-co-3HHP) (80:20) electrospun fibres and enhanced cell viability was studied using NVRMs.
Mutational analysis of the channel and loop sequences of human ferritin H-chain (1989)

Human ferritin H-chain mutants were obtained by engineering the recombinant protein expressed by Escherichia coli. The mutagenesis were directed to the C-terminal sequence forming the hydrophobic channel, to the hydrophilic channel and to the loop sequence. The mutants were analysed for extent of expression, for stability, for capacity to incorporate iron and for kinetics of iron uptake and iron oxidation. Of the 22 mutants analysed only two with deletions of single residues in the loop sequence and one with deletion of the last 28 amino acid residues did not assemble into ferritin-like proteins. The other mutants assembled correctly and showed similar chemical/physical properties to the wild-type; they included duplication of an 18-amino acid-residue stretch, deletion of the last 22 and the last seven residues and various mutations of single amino acid residues. Two mutants with extensive alteration in the C-terminal sequence had a diminished thermostability associated with incapability to incorporate iron though they still catalysed iron oxidation. The mutants with alterations of the sequence around the hydrophilic channel showed diminished iron uptake and oxidation kinetics, together with a slightly larger apparent molecular size. The results indicate (i) that two of the sequences are important for ferritin assembly/stability, (ii) that the presence of the hydrophobic channel is essential for formation of the iron core and (iii) that the sites of iron interaction and the path of iron penetration into ferritin remain unidentified.
Versatile, Selective, and Switchable Coordination Modes of Pincer Click Ligands (2009)

Ligands possessing multiple complexation modes are an interesting class of compounds. Here we report that our recently established pincer click ligands (PCLs), prepared by copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of azides to alkynes, exhibit unique versatility in coordination ability. Nitrogens of the triazole-based backbone can actively participate in metal ligation rather than being a spectator backbone. Under selection of the reaction conditions these ligands can selectively acquire either bi- or tridentate coordination upon reaction with a metal precursor. Both palladium and platinum complexes with different coordination modes were prepared and fully characterized including X-ray analysis. Moreover, the “rollover switch” of kinetically preferred bidentate complexes to the thermodynamically controlled tridentate species is demonstrated.