gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a light microscopic and biochemical study (2004)

The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of melatonin against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control. Rats in group II were injected every other day with CCl4 for 1 month, whereas rats in group III were injected every other day with CCl4 and melatonin for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin levels were determined. For histopathological evaluation, livers of all rats were removed and processed for light microscopy. All serum biochemical parameters were significantly higher in animals treated with CCl4 than in the controls. When rats injected with CCl4 were treated with melatonin, significantly reduced elevations in serum biochemical parameters were found. In liver sections of the CCl4-injected group, necrosis, fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, haemorrhage, fatty degeneration and formation of regenerative nodules were observed. Additionally, apoptotic figures, microvesicular steatosis and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were seen in this group. In contrast, the histopathological changes observed after administration of CCl4 were lost from rats treated with CCl4 and melatonin. Except for mild hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes, a normal lobular appearance was seen in the livers of this group. The results of our study indicate that melatonin treatment prevents CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.
A robust in vivo positive-readout system for monitoring siRNA delivery to xenograft tumors (2011)

Delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) to tumors is the major technical hurdle that prevents the advancement of siRNA-based cancer therapy. One of the difficulties associated with the development of clinically relevant delivery systems is the lack of reliable tools for monitoring siRNA delivery to tumors in vivo. We describe here a novel, positive-readout system where siRNA-mediated target knockdown elicits a rapid and robust increase of reporter activity. Using the positive-readout system, we created (1) β-galactosidase-based tumor models that allow the detection of target knockdown in 1%-2% of tumor cells and can distinguish between tumor areas where effective target knockdown occurs versus tumor areas that are not accessible to delivery, and (2) luciferase-based tumor models that allow the quantitative assessment of a large number of delivery systems. Using these positive-readout models, we screened a number of literature-described siRNA delivery systems and identified lipid nanoparticles as a promising delivery platform for siRNA-based cancer therapy.
Generation of novel patient-derived CIC- DUX4 sarcoma xenografts and cell lines (2017)

CIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is a group of rare, mesenchymal, small round cell tumours that harbour the unique CIC-DUX4 translocation, which causes aberrant gene expression. CDS exhibits an aggressive course and poor clinical outcome, thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed for CDS treatment. Although patient-derived cancer models are an essential modality to develop novel therapies, none currently exist for CDS. Thus, the present study successfully established CDS patient-derived xenografts and subsequently generated two CDS cell lines from the grafted tumours. Notably, xenografts were histologically similar to the original patient tumour, and the expression of typical biomarkers was confirmed in the xenografts and cell lines. Moreover, the xenograft tumours and cell lines displayed high Src kinase activities, as assessed by peptide-based tyrosine kinase array. Upon screening 119 FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs, we found that only actinomycine D and doxorubicin were effectively suppress the proliferation among the drugs for standard therapy for Ewing sarcoma. However, we identified molecular targeting reagents, such as bortezomib and crizotinib that markedly suppressed the growth of CDS cells. Our models will be useful modalities to develop novel therapeutic strategies against CDS.
Comparative study of CD34-positive cells and subpopulations in human umbilical cord blood and bone marrow. (1993)

The CD34-positive population of bone marrow cells contain not only committed myeloid, erythroid, megakaryocytic and lymphoid progenitor cells but also more primitive stem cells capable of initiating haemopoiesis in long-term marrow culture that are termed long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-IC). Recently, different subpopulations of BM CD34+ cells have been defined. Thus the CD34+/CD45RO+ fraction contains both BFU-E and LTC-IC whereas CFU-GM are mainly CD34+/CD45RA+ and CD34+/CD33+. As human umbilical cord blood (UBC) also contains CD34+ cells and has been used as a source of material for clinical transplantation, we have undertaken a comparative study of the expression of CD34RO, CD45RA, CD33 and CD38 on CD34+ cells from UCB and BM using directly conjugated antibodies and flow cytometry. The frequency of CD34 cells in UCB (mean 1.0% +/- 0.3%) was similar to that in harvested pelvic BM (0.8% +/- 0.4%). The frequencies of CD34+ cells co-expressing CD33 (UBC: 54.1% +/- 28.7%; BM: 52.9% +/- 18.5%) and CD45RA (UBC: 24.8% +/- 16.6%; BM: 21.1% +/- 19.7%) were not significantly different between UCB and BM. In contrast, a significantly higher percentage of UCB-CD34+ cells co-expressed CD45RO+ (19.7% +/- 10.3%) compared with BM-CD34+ cells (7.2% +/- 5.3%; p < 0.001). The absolute number of CD34+ cells in UCB correlated with the number of committed myeloid (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFUe) progenitors; a similar relationship was found for the absolute number of CD34+/CD33+ cells. However, the numbers of CD34+/CD45RO+ cells showed no correlation with numbers of committed progenitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three-dimensional monitoring of air pollution using all-solid-state Lidar systems (1994)

Recent progress in Lidar/DIAL technology has allowed to obtain 3-dimensional mappings of the concentration of air pollutants at highest sensitivity (ppbrange) and over large distances (10 km)13. This access to atmospheric dynamics allows direct correlation between emission and immission. Presently, it is possible to monitor on-line distributions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. Recently, also the detection of toluene and benzene in the near UV has been demonstrated4. Routine or fully automatic operation has been severely restricted, however, by the complexity and maintenance of the usually employed Nd:YAG or Excimer-pumped dye lasers. The advent of new tunable all-solid-state laser systems, such as vibronic lasers (Ti:Sapphire, LICAF, LISAF,. ..) or laser-pumped OPOs, opens a new era in the domain of userfriendly and fully automatic DIAL operation. Here, we present the first Lidar/DIAL systems which are based on a high energy flashlamp-pumped Ti:Sapphire laser. It combines wide tunability of the laser medium with reliability and ease of operation, characteristic for flashlamppumped solid state lasers. The wavelength range accessible by the laser and its extension by nonlinear optical devices makes it an ideal tool for both DIAL and meteorologic applications. This 'all solid state" laser is the heart of a new generation of stationary and mobile Lidar systems. The first of these systems, presented here, has been designed to replace the urban station in Leipzig, which routinely provides mappings of pollutants over the city since 1992. The advantages of such routine and long term Lidar measurements are presented in this paper, in comparison with former results obtained during campaigns in several large european cities. A second urban unit is being implemented in Berlin, while a mobile and very compact "all solid state" DIAL system is in construction. It will start the test phase by the end of the year, and first measurement campaigns in february.
RoboPlanner (2019)

Autonomous robots are being increasingly integrated into Industry 4.0 manufacturing and retail industries due to the twin advantages of improved throughput and adaptivity. In order to handle complex tasks, the autonomous robots require robust action plans, that can self-adapt to runtime changes. A further requirement is efficient implementation of knowledge bases, that may be queried during planning and execution. In this paper, we propose RoboPlanner, a framework to generate action plans in autonomous robots. In RoboPlanner, we model the knowledge of world models, robotic capabilities and task templates using knowledge property graphs and graph databases. Design time queries and robotic perception are used to enable intelligent action planning, that can adapt at runtime. We demonstrate these solutions on autonomous picker robots deployed in Industry 4.0 warehouses.
Adaptive and flexible dictionary code compression for embedded applications (2006)

Dictionary code compression is a technique where long instructions in the memory are replaced with shorter code words used as index in a table to look up the original instructions. We present a new view of dictionary code compression for moderately high-performance processors for embedded applications. Previous work with dictionary code compression has shown decent performance and energy savings results which we verify with our own measurement that are more thorough than previously published. We also augment previous work with a more thorough analysis on the effects of cache and line size changes. In addition, we introduce the concept of aggregated profiling to allow for two or more programs to share the same dictionary contents. Finally, we also introduce dynamic dictionaries where the dictionary contents is considered to be part of the context of a process and show that the performance overhead of reloading the dictionary contents on a context switch is negligible while on the same time we can save considerable energy with a more specialized dictionary contents.
Reaction time measures of speed of processing: Speed of response selection increases with age but speed of stimulus categorization does not (1997)

We report an experiment that investigates the relationship between speed of information processing and development. The goal of the experiment was to compare developmental changes at two stages of processing—response selection and stimulus categorization. The experiment compared developmental change on three kinds of reaction time task. The first was a standard Jensen (1982) procedure which separates the decision and motor components of reaction time, the second was a modification of this procedure suggested by Smith & Carew (1987) to control for possible anticipatory strategies, and the third was a more traditional reaction time task where each stimulus is paired with a unique response (lights‐to‐keys). Age changes in speed of information processing were found for the lights‐to‐keys task but not for either of the Jensen tasks. We argue that this is because the lights‐to‐keys task taps response selection factors that change with age and that are orthogonal to differences in speed of stimulus categorization indexed by the standard Jensen task. If the latter is taken as the purer index of speed of processing then we conclude that speed of processing does not change with age.
Genetic Analysis of the Role of the Reprogramming Gene <i>LIN-28</i> in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

LIN-28 is a gene recently shown to be involved in the conversion of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. We have previously shown that LIN-28 is highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells (HESCs); however, its role in these cells has not been investigated. We now show that, like OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, LIN-28 is downregulated during differentiation of HESCs into embryoid bodies. In addition, we investigate the role of LIN-28 in HESCs by manipulation of its expression levels. LIN-28 overexpression impairs the ability of cells to grow at clonal densities, due to increased differentiation and decreased cell division. Analysis of cell differentiation under these conditions revealed that it is mostly towards the extraembryonic endoderm lineage. Moreover, we show that, during early mouse development, high levels of Lin-28 are also observed in the extraembryonic endoderm, and therefore it seems that, both in vitro and in vivo, high levels of LIN-28 may specify an extraembryonic endoderm fate. However, LIN-28 seems dispensable for self-renewal of HESCs; its downregulation neither impairs HESC proliferation nor leads to their differentiation. Thus, LIN-28 does not seem to be involved in the self-renewal of HESCs, but rather seems to be involved in their decision to switch from self-renewal to differentiation.
Optimal resource allocation for pilot symbol aided multiuser receivers in Rayleigh faded CDMA channels (2002)

We consider a synchronous code-division multiple-access system where each user undergoes independent frequency-flat Rayleigh fading, and where pilot symbols are periodically inserted into the data stream of each user in order to assist in the coherent demodulation of the data symbols. The motivating question for this work is: for any given set of system parameters, how often should we insert pilot symbols? Along the way to answering this question, we: (1) derive and analyze the performance of the linear minimum mean-squared-error channel estimator and (2) study the performance of a linear minimum mean-squared-error data estimator which is coupled to the channel estimator. We are able to obtain a very compact expression for the average signal-to-interference ratio in terms of the key system parameters: pilot insertion period, channel fading rate, signal-to-noise ratio, and the ratio of the number of users to the spreading gain. The average signal-to-interference ratio is numerically optimized and results are presented to illustrate the optimal rate of inserting pilot symbols for a range of system parameters.
Transferred Electron Amplifiers and Oscillators (1970)

The current status of transferred electron devices (TEDs) is surveyed. The physics of the transferred electron effect, the theory of amplifiers and oscillators, material growth, device fabrication, and the design of amplifier and oscillator circuits are discussed along with a presentation of the outlook for the near future.
State of p53, Rb and DCC tumor suppressor genes in human oral cancer cell lines. (1993)

The tumor suppressor genes p53, Rb, and DCC were studied in five human oral cancer cell lines (FaDu, SCC-4, HEp-2, 1483, and OEC-M1) and in primary normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK). All tested cancer lines had similar amount of p53 messages to normal cells, but the cancer lines FaDu and SCC-4 contained significantly higher p53 protein levels than did the normal counterpart. Sequencing p53 cDNA for these cancer cells showed point mutations: In the FaDu cell line, a mutation of CGG to CTG occurred at codon 248; and in the SCC-4 cell line, a mutation of CCC to TCC occurred at codon 151. The HEp-2 and 1483 cancer lines translated very low levels of p53 protein compared to the normal counterpart. Sequencing of p53 cDNA for HEp-2 and 1483 lines showed no mutations. Southern and Northern analyses revealed that these cell lines harbored HPV-18 DNA and expressed the viral E6/E7 protein. The OEC-M1 line showed different restriction fragment length polymorphism for the p53 gene compared with other cells, and did not express p53. All oral cancer cell lines except the OEC-M1 cells expressed both phosphorylated and hypophosphorylated Rb proteins. Further, the OEC-M1 line expressed smaller sized hypophosphorylated Rb proteins compared with normal cells. Unlike the other cancer lines, the HEp-2 and OEC-M1 lines also did not contain DCC mRNAs. These data indicate that "high risk" HPV infections and mutations of p53, Rb, and DCC genes are frequently found in oral cancer cells and may be associated with oral cancer.
Integration of geometric and conceptual reasoning for interacting with virtual environments (1998)

This paper describes the knowledge processing in the CODY Virtual Constructor, an operational system enabling the interactive assembly of complex aggregates in a virtual environment. Two forms of reasoners are used: a geometric reasoner that infers spatial properties of scene objects and a conceptual reasoner that keeps track of the evolving aggregate&apos;s assembly structure. The combination of the two reasoners enables the system both to simulate assembly processes in the virtual environment and to understand natural language instructions. By maximizing the mutual exchange of information between the reasoners, additional knowledge can be inferred that not only improves understanding of language instructions but also increases efficiency of inferencing. Virtual Assembly by Natural Language Instruction The CODY Virtual Constructor is a knowledge-based system for the interactive assembly of complex aggregates on a virtual assembly bench (Cao, Jung, &amp; Wachsmuth 1995). In our testbed scenari...
Secure Internet of Things Deployment in the Cement Industry: Guidance for Plant Managers (2017)

Always-on Internet-connected devices [the so-called Internet of Things (IoT)] have become common tools deployed throughout the cement industry. As plant managers employ more automation technologies, the implementation of more connected devices can lead to information security and personnel safety concerns. IoT devices provide significant value in cost reduction, increased efficiency, and greater visibility for all aspects of the business. Along with the benefits of the IoT infrastructure, there are significant security concerns and challenges present in the deployment of this new technology. Recent implementations of IoT devices have shown a significant gap between actual application and best practices, exposing an organization to risks such as sensitive data exfiltration, malicious attackers, and potential safety issues (including the loss of life). An awareness of these concerns and challenges provides guidance to plant managers for mitigating the security weaknesses contained within connected devices while still reaping the benefits of the IoT infrastructure.
Protein-tyrosine kinase-mediated regulation of B-cell activation (1999)

Engagement of B cell receptors evokes a cascade of signaling events leading to clonal expansion, differentiation or apoptosis. Although the BCR-proximal signaling events, particularly regulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), have been extensively studied, the receptor-distal signals which are involved in determining cell fate in response to BCR engagement remain undefined. The aim of this study is to delineate the downstream signals which are potentially involved in the determination of B cell fate. Using DT40 cells and mice deficient in variable PTKs and phosphatases, we demonstrated that Syk can be activated via at least two pathways, one of which does not require activation of Src PTKs, an issue that has been debated for a long time. The Src PTK independent activation of Syk was sufficient for activation of one family of the ribosomal S6 kinases, p90Rsk, in B cells. In addition to p90Rsk, p70/85S6k is another family of ribosomal S6 kinases essential for the control of transcription, translation and cell cycle. We demonstrated that ligation of BCR can induce activation of p70S6k in both DT40 cell lines and murine splenic B cells. Suboptimal crosslinking of BCR stimulated p70S6k via a Syk-dependent pathway. We further unraveled the pathways leading from PTKs to p70S6k activation. Both protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase are required for optimal activation of p70S6k. However, the activation of Akt/PKB does not correlate with p70S6k stimulation. Surprisingly, we found that Lyn, a Src family member, acts as an endogenous antagonist of Akt, whereas Syk is a positive regulator of Akt. The deregulation of Akt may, in part, contribute to the hyper-proliferation and production of auto-antibody in splenic B cells deficient in Lyn. The overall significance of this study resides in elucidating the regulation of several BCR distal events potentially involved in pivotal cellular functions. These findings therefore shed light on the signaling pathways that may determine the fate of B cells in both physiological and pathological immune responses.
Binding and Orientation of Tricyclic Antidepressants within the Central Substrate Site of the Human Serotonin Transporter (2009)

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Nov-30
Development of a novel thick-film strain gauge sensor system (1997)

In this paper a novel strain gauge system on stainless steel and 96% alumina substrates is described incorporating a Wheatstone bridge network, thick-film piezoresistive strain gauges, instrumentation, and a novel thermal and resistor mismatch tolerance correction software. The resistors in the Wheatstone bridge are fabricated with a novel mixture of ruthenium, bismuth and indium oxides and three different thick-film layouts are used. Mechanical measurements are performed using the cantilever beam set-up. The linearity, hysteresis, repeatability, reproducibility, creep, stability and temperature effects are measured for the novel thick-film pastes. The linearity and temperature effect on the output of the different bridge layouts are also examined. The printing of resistors using thick-film technology can result in resistor tolerances of %. Also, thick-film piezoresistors are intrinsically cross sensitive to temperature. These two properties cause an offset voltage to appear at the output of the bridge under no-load/load conditions and a subsequent error in the calculated applied strain. In order to compensate for the offset error voltage, novel correction software has been developed and implemented using a microcontroller. The error in the predicted strain was measured before and after application of the correction software under different bridge layouts and temperature conditions. The error was reduced from a maximum of 45% to approximately 1%. The effectiveness of the correction software in reducing the error suggests that this technique can be used without the need for trimming or bridge balancing.
Precipitation of polyelectrolytes by salts (1962)

Abstract Precipitation of poly(acrylic acid) by added salts has been investigated under various conditions. The PAA was neutralized to various degrees of ionization α by tetra‐ n ‐butyl ammonium hydroxide. The minimum salt concentration C̄ s at which precipitation occurs was determined at various polymer concentration C p , temperature T , and α. The amount of bound cations to polyions, the change in ion hydration, and the polymer expansion near C̄ s were estimated by conductance, refractive index, and viscosity measurements, respectively. It is concluded that there are two kinds of precipitation; The L type which satisfies the relation C̄ s ≐ α C p and occurs at high α due to cation binding to the polyions, and the H type in which C̄ s is independent of C p and which appears at low α with salts other than those having large ions. This classification of the precipitation is justified also by the C̄ s – T relation; in the L type, C̄ s is nearly independent of T , and in the H type C̄ s increases with T . At intermediate α‐values pronounced specificities of salt ions are found in the precipitation; at α = 0.25, with Mg 2+ the H type appears, while with Ba 2+ or Ca 2+ the L type appears, although all of these divalent cations are bound to polyions to the same degree. This is due to the difference in the hydration of the polyion‐cation complexes. In the L ‐type the formation of cation bindings, such as salt bridge, makes the polymer hydrophobic, while in the H type highly concentrated salt ions render the polymer solution unstable by changing the arrangement of the water molecule.