gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinematic positioning in three dimensions using CCD technology (1993)

The problem of extracting accurate three dimensional coordinates from a cluster of CCD (charged-coupled device) is studied. The cameras comprise the imaging component of the VISAT system. This system integrates an inertial navigation system (INS), satellite receivers of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and a cluster of CCD cameras. A brief introduction to the VISAT system is given. System calibration and the transformations required to convert image coordinates into three-dimensional coordinates are discussed. The factors affecting the accuracy of the derived object coordinates are analyzed as a function of the GPS/INS accuracy, pixel size, camera geometry, calibration accuracy, and vehicle speed.
Persisting muscle atrophy two years after replacement of the hip (2009)

Muscle atrophy has been demonstrated in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the hip, but little is known about muscular recovery after total hip replacement (THR). A total of 20 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip were assessed before, six months and two years after THR. The cross-sectional area and radiological density of the muscles of the hip, thigh, calf and back were measured using CT. We hypothesised that the muscles would not recover fully after operation. After two years comparison of the limb with the THR with the healthy limb showed that there was such a reduction in the cross-sectional area in iliopsoas (7.0%; p = 0.006) and the hip adductors (8.4%, p = 0.003) and in the radiological density in gluteus maximus (10.1 Hounsfield units; p < 0.001), gluteus medius/minimus (5.6 Hounsfield units; p = 0.011), iliopsoas (3.9 Hounsfield units; p < 0.001) and the adductors (2.4 Hounsfield units; p = 0.022). Thus, there was persistent muscle atrophy in muscles acting about the hip two years after THR. We suggest that an earlier operation or a more intensive rehabilitation may reverse these changes.
Analytical Peel Load Prediction as a Function of Adhesive Stress Concentration (2005)

ABSTRACT Peel data for two epoxy adhesives and a recent model of the adhesive stresses in the peel geometry are used to investigate the effectiveness of two constitutive models and several adhesive failure criteria. The failure criteria are based on either the critical strain energy-release rate or the critical von Mises strain at the peel root, both taken as functions of the “loading zone length” (LZL), defined as a measure of the degree of stress concentration at the root of the peeling adherend. The peel model uses LZL as an independent parameter that captures the effects of the peel angle, adherend thickness, and the mechanical properties of the adhesive and adherend. Both the energy- and strain-based failure criteria can be used to predict the steady-state peel load with an average absolute error of less than 10% over the range of conditions that were examined. Keywords: AdhesiveEpoxyFractureModelPeelPredictionStrainStress ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Alcan International Ltd., Essex Specialty Products Inc., Henkel Surface Technologies, and the Centre for Automotive Materials and Manufacture, Kingston, Ontario. Presented in part at the 27th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion Society, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA, 15–18 February 2004.
Annelation reactions of quinone monoketals. Studies directed at an efficient synthesis of anthracyclinones (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnnelation reactions of quinone monoketals. Studies directed at an efficient synthesis of anthracyclinonesBertrand L. Chenard, Mark G. Dolson, Anthony D. Sercel, and John S. SwentonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2, 318–325Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00176a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00176a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its application to malaria. (1974)

A microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described. This method, which may be of value in the measurement of antibodies in various infectious diseases, is simple, cheap, and easy to carry out on a large scale. For field use, results can be assessed subjectively. The potential of the test is illustrated by a small seroepidemiological study of malaria.
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIZATION AND MICROBIAL HYDROXYLATION OF 3‐18O‐TESTOSTERONE (1981)

Abstract [3‐′8O]Testosteron (II) wird mit Human‐Placenta‐Mikrosomen bzw. durch Incubation mit Rhizopus arrhizus in Östradiol (I) bzw. in die hydroxylierten Produkte (IIIa)+(IIIb) übergeführt, ohne daß nennenswerter Isotopenverlust eintritt.
Label diffusion on graph for face identification (2012)

We present a generic classification method based on a label diffusion on graph. Inspired by the watershed transform widely used in the image segmentation field, we propose a simple algorithm working on distances graphs of any topology. Applied to the faces identification problem, this method can deal with any type of distances. We propose also two penalty functions that clearly improve the identification results when used within the diffusion process.
Perspective in next-generation home networks: Toward optical solutions? (2010)

The meaning of broadband connection is in continuous evolution. FTTH and ever-improving ADSL technologies are capable of offering to the final residential user a very-high-performance access network connection to the main door of our homes. At the same time, high-definition and interactive video will require higher and higher bit rates inside the home. Both drivers lead to the requirement for high-quality networking also inside homes, to avoid a somehow ironic, but indeed possible situation in which the home area network becomes the actual bottleneck of the full system. In this article we review the requirements for next-generation HANs and show that this environment may end up taking advantage of optical cabling solutions as an alternative to more traditional copper or pure wireless approaches.
Microtiter Format for Simultaneous Multianalyte Detection and Development of a PCR-Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Typing Human Papillomavirus DNAs (2002)

PCR-CLEIA allows rapid, single-tube simultaneous detection and typing of seven high-risk HPV DNAs with small reagent volumes. The principle appears applicable to the development of other single-tube panels of tests.
Ionic Liquids as Advanced Lubricant Fluids (2009)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are finding technological applications as chemical reaction media and engineering fluids. Some emerging fields are those of lubrication, surface engineering and nanotechnology. ILs are thermally stable, non-flammable highly polar fluids with negligible volatility, these characteristics make them ideal candidates for new lubricants under severe conditions, were conventional oils and greases or solid lubricants fail. Such conditions include ultra-high vacuum and extreme temperatures. Other very promising areas which depend on the interaction between IL molecules and material surfaces are the use of ILs in the lubrication of microelectromechanic and nanoelectromechanic systems (MEMS and NEMS), the friction and wear reduction of reactive light alloys and the modification of nanophases.
Ordering-Based Search: A Simple and Effective Algorithm for Learning Bayesian Networks (2012)

One of the basic tasks for Bayesian networks (BNs) is that of learning a network structure from data. The BN-learning problem is NP-hard, so the standard solution is heuristic search. Many approaches have been proposed for this task, but only a very small number outperform the baseline of greedy hill-climbing with tabu lists; moreover, many of the proposed algorithms are quite complex and hard to implement. In this paper, we propose a very simple and easy-to-implement method for addressing this task. Our approach is based on the well-known fact that the best network (of bounded in-degree) consistent with a given node ordering can be found very efficiently. We therefore propose a search not over the space of structures, but over the space of orderings, selecting for each ordering the best network consistent with it. This search space is much smaller, makes more global search steps, has a lower branching factor, and avoids costly acyclicity checks. We present results for this algorithm on both synthetic and real data sets, evaluating both the score of the network found and in the running time. We show that ordering-based search outperforms the standard baseline, and is competitive with recent algorithms that are much harder to implement.
Negative tone development: gaining insight through physical simulation (2011)

A simple analysis of aerial image quality reveals that negative tone imaging is superior to positive tone for small dimension contacts and trenches. Negative Tone Development (NTD) of positive chemically amplified (de-protecting) photoresist is currently the favored method for realizing such images on the wafer. When experimental process windows are determined for NTD systems, it is apparent that the results far exceed the upper limit predicted using current physical modeling. Since real data transcends the capabilities of the current model to predict, some important physical process is clearly missing. In this work, we explore whether resist shrinkage during PEB can account for the observed discrepancies. Two very simple shrinkage models are developed and tested. Results show that shrinkage in the vertical direction explains some profile artifacts observed in actual NTD processes but has negligible impact on conventional positive tone processes. The horizontal shrinkage model reveals that this type of phenomenon can significantly increase the exposure latitude of a negative tone process but has marginal impact on positive tone exposure latitude only introducing a small CD offset. While horizontal shrinkage does enhance exposure latitude appreciably, the effect does not seem large enough on its own to account for the entire increase observed in the experimental results. Further work is ongoing to investigate other potential mechanisms for observed behavior.
Photodegradation of Benzoic Acid over Metal-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

A modified sol−gel method was employed to synthesize metal-doped TiO2 with varied dopant concentrations using titanium butoxide and metal nitrate hydrate as the precursors and hydrothermal posttreatment. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, BET, UV−vis/diffuse reflectance, PZC measurement, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and fluorescence lifetime, while the photocatalytic activities were tested using benzoic acid as the model compound. Ga-doped TiO2 exhibits the highest photoactivity among the prepared metal-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. This is most likely due to the good dispersion of Ga dopant onto the surface of TiO2, adequate surface area, and decrease of recombination center on the surface of Ga-doped TiO2 photocatalyst. The optimum dopant concentration was found to be 0.1 wt % for Ga-doped TiO2.
Rule-based control of walking by using decision trees and practical sensors (2008)

We developed a method for designing a rule-based control (RBC) that is convenient for implementation within a practical functional electrical stimulation (FES) system. The RBC uses data from accelerometers and force sensing resistors (FSRs) to estimate ON.OFF states of muscle activity. The rules are obtained in the form of decision trees. Therefore, they are human readable, interpretable and convenient for real time control. The method was demonstrated by generating rules for control of a four channel FES system that is suitable for assisting gait of an individual with hemiplegia. Experimental data were collected during walking of an able-bodied subject. The subject was instrumented with three dual-axis accelerometers (right leg) and four FSRs (both feet). Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the muscles acting at the knee and ankle joints. A binary signal denoting ON.OFF muscle state was obtained by thresholding of the recorded EMG. The acquired data were divided into training and validation data sets. A classification and regression tree for estimation of the muscle state was determined for each muscle by using the training data and then tested over the validation data. Overall average and maximum timing errors in the estimated muscle activity were 49 ms (≈ 5%) and 157 ms (≈ 15%), respectively.
Determination of Process Parameters for the Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Composite Cones Using Automated Fiber Placement (2012)

In-situ fiber placement, in combination with automated tape laying and filament winding, is the key to high-volume production of large-scale composite aerostructures ranging from simple flat plates, to panels with mild curvatures, to complex three-dimensional surfaces, promising reliable, consistent and cost-effective fabrication. However, manufacturing cost, slit tape quality, lack of knowledge and experience of the in-situ consolidation fiber placement process are major barriers preventing aircraft manufacturer from implementing this unique processing technique. This dissertation aims to gain knowledge and experience of in-situ consolidation fiber placement by identifying and resolving four technical issues associated with the manufacturing of thermoplastic composite tailbooms. The first study demonstrates that the percentage of gap/lap and the angular deviation of fiber orientation can be controlled by dividing a single tool surface to multiple and equal sections. The second study shows that the interlaminar defects have minimal effects on the mechanical properties of autoclave molded thermoplastic composite laminates. The third study predicates a set of optimum processing parameters for manufacturing tailboom demonstration articles using automated fiber placement. The last study suggests that the in-situ consolidation fiber placement process needs to be improved to lower the micro-size void content and minimize the process induced warpage.
Computational methods for design and control of MEMS micromanipulator arrays (1997)

As improvements in fabrication technology for microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, increase the availability and diversity of these micromachines, engineers are defining a growing number of tasks to which they can be put. The idea of carrying out tasks using large coordinated groups of MEMS units motivates the development of automated, algorithmic methods for designing and controlling these groups of devices. We report on progress towards computational MEMS, taking on the challenge of design and control of massively parallel arrays of microactuators. Arrays of MEMS devices can move and position tiny parts, such as integrated circuit chips, in flexible and predictable ways by oscillatory or ciliary action. The theory of programmable force fields can model this action, leading to algorithms for various types of micromanipulation that require no sensing of where the part is. Experiments support the theory.
Electroporation of Cells in Microfluidic Droplets (2009)

Droplet-based microfluidics has raised a lot of interest recently due to its wide applications to screening biological/chemical assays with high throughput. Despite the advances on droplet-based assays involving cells, gene delivery methods that are compatible with the droplet platform have been lacking. In this report, we demonstrate a simple microfluidic device that encapsulates cells into aqueous droplets and then electroporates the encapsulated cells. The electroporation occurs when the cell-containing droplets (in oil) flow through a pair of microelectrodes with a constant voltage established in between. We investigate the parameters and characteristics of the electroporation. We demonstrate delivering enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We envision the application of this technique to high-throughput functional genomics studies based on droplet microfluidics.
Genetics of Soybean Agronomic Traits: I. Comparison of Three Related Recombinant Inbred Populations (1999)

ABSTRACT Molecular markers provide a rapid approach to breeding for desired agronomic traits. To use them, it is necessary to determine the linkage between quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and such markers. The objective of this research was to determine such linkage in recombinant inbred (RI) soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] populations. To do this, RI soybean segregants were characterized for molecular genetic markers and traits measured in several different environments. QTLs then were identified by interval mapping. Agronomic traits were measured and compared in large (about 240 segregants) RI populations derived from crosses between the cultivars Minsoy and Noir 1 ( MN population), Minsoy and Archer ( MA population), and Noir 1 and Archer ( NA population). The MA and NA populations were grown together as two replications in each of four environments. Measurements from the MN population were reported previously and were taken from three replications grown in four environments. Traits measured were plant height, lodging, date of flowering, reproductive period, maturity, yield, seed weight, seed oil, seed protein, leaf length, and leaf width. Additional traits were derived from these primary measurements. Each of the three RI populations was also characterized by a large (>400) number of molecular genetic markers including RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat polymorphisms). QTLs were identified for all of the primary and derived traits at a significance level ≥LOD 3 on 17 of the 20 linkage groups and tended to be clustered on three. QTLs with major effects ( R 2 > 10%) were identified for all traits, and for many, these explained more than half of the heritable variation. Comparison of QTLs between the three RI populations established that for the majority of the traits, only two alleles could be identified. In only a few instances could a third allele be detected. Many of the significant QTLs identified in one population were confirmed in another. However, an almost equal number were found in only one population, suggesting that a dependence on the genetic background for expression (epistasis) was common.
Biosynthesis of <scp>d</scp>-Alanyl-Lipoteichoic Acid:  The Tertiary Structure of apo-<scp>d</scp>-Alanyl Carrier Protein<sup>,</sup> (2001)

The D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) allows the Gram-positive organism to modulate its surface charge, regulate ligand binding, and control the electromechanical properties of the cell wall. The incorporation of D-alanine into LTA requires the D-alanine:D-alanyl carrier protein ligase (AMP-forming) (Dcl) and the carrier protein (Dcp). The high-resolution solution structure of the 81-residue (8.9 kDa) Dcp has been determined by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR. An ensemble of 30 structures was calculated using the torsion angle dynamics approach of DYANA. These calculations utilized 3288 NOEs containing 1582 unique nontrivial NOE distance constraints. Superposition of residues 4-81 on the mean structure yields average atomic rmsd values of 0.43 +/- 0.08 and 0.86 +/- 0.09 A for backbone and non-hydrogen atoms, respectively. The solution structure is composed of three alpha-helices in a bundle with additional short 3(10)- and alpha-helices in intervening loops. Comparisons of the three-dimensional structure with the acyl carrier proteins involved in fatty acid, polyketide, and nonribosomal peptide syntheses support the conclusion that Dcp is a homologue in this family. While there is conservation of the three-helix bundle fold, Dcp has a higher enthalpy of unfolding and no apparent divalent metal binding site(s), features that distinguish it from the fatty acid synthase acyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli. This three-dimensional structure also provides insights into the D-alanine ligation site recognized by Dcl, as well as the site which may bind the poly(glycerophosphate) acceptor moiety of membrane-associated LTA.
Cellular model of neuronal atrophy induced by DYNC1I1 deficiency reveals protective roles of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling (2016)

Neuronal atrophy is a common pathological feature occurred in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. A variety of abnormalities including motor protein malfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the loss of neuronal architecture; however, less is known about the intracellular signaling pathways that can protect against or delay this pathogenic process. Here, we show that the DYNC1I1 deficiency, a neuron-specific dynein intermediate chain, causes neuronal atrophy in primary hippocampal neurons. With this cellular model, we are able to find that activation of RAS-RAF-MEK signaling protects against neuronal atrophy induced by DYNC1I1 deficiency, which relies on MEK-dependent autophagy in neuron. Moreover, we further reveal that BRAF also protects against neuronal atrophy induced by mitochondrial impairment. These findings demonstrate protective roles of the RAS-RAF-MEK axis against neuronal atrophy, and imply a new therapeutic target for clinical intervention.
Told in Story (1923)

Told in story. American history. Book one, 1492–1815. By H. J. Eckenrode, (Richmond, Virginia: Johnson publishing company, 1922. 373 p.) E. H. B. E. H. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 10, Issue 2, September 1923, Pages 192–193, https://doi.org/10.2307/1902740 Published: 01 September 1923
Process Metallurgy of Wrought CoCrMo Alloy (1999)

This paper will describe the processing involved in the manufacture of low and high carbon grades of ASTM Wrought Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implants (F 1537) as bar stock for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications. The effect of rolling temperature, annealing temperature, and cold drawing on the mechanical properties and grain size will be explored. Careful control of the thermomechanical working conditions is required to meet high strength requirements because age hardening and cold working of the alloy significantly degrade the ductility while producing the higher strength levels.