gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile agents in wireless devices (2004)

The networks that connect handheld wireless devices such as cell phones and PDAs suffer from low bandwidth and a high incidence of network errors. By employing mobile agents, such devices could provide a reliable technology for message transport over wireless links. Mobile agents are inherently distributed software entities that reduce the load on the network when they move. Mobile agents can be employed in wireless handheld devices in two ways: An agent platform could be installed on the device, enabling mobile agents to run directly on it, or devices could access and use remote mobile agents running on wired networks. Each approach is viable and has its own advantages and domain-specific applications. Some high-end devices would benefit from running a mobile agent platform that lets agents run locally, but this would not be beneficial to others because of processing power and memory constraints or for security reasons.
Convenient Route to Primary (<i>Z</i>)-Allyl Amines and Homologs (2008)

Abstract A convenient two-step procedure for the synthesis of primary (Z)-allyl amines, (Z)-homoallyl amines [(Z)-but-3-enylamines], and (Z)-pent-4-enylamines using the Wittig reaction was achieved. The use of nonstabilized ylides from triphenylphosphonium salt, potassium salt, and apolar solvent produced (Z/E)-geometric isomer ratios generally greater than 1.6. The amine moiety was masked using a phtalimide group that was removed successfully in the last step of the process in two different conditions, NH2NH2/EtOH/rt or CH3NH2/EtOH/rt. However, in some cases, reduction of the C = C double bond in the deprotection with hydrazine was concomitantly observed.
Risedronate in the Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone: An Open Label, Multicenter Study (1998)

An open-label, multicenter study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of oral risedronate (a pyridinyl bisphosphonate) in 162 patients (102 men, 60 postmenopausal women; mean age, 68 years) with moderate to severe Paget's disease of bone (mean serum alkaline phosphatase [ALP] approximately seven times the upper limit of normal). Patients were treated with oral risedronate, 30 mg/day for 84 days, followed by 112 days without treatment. This 196-day cycle was repeated once if serum ALP did not normalize or increased from the nadir value by > or = 25%. At the end of the first and second cycles, the mean percentage decreases for serum ALP were 65.7% and 69.1%, and for urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine 50.4% and 66.9%, respectively. The decreases from baseline in ALP and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine were significant (p < 0.001). Normalization of serum ALP was observed in 86 patients (53.8%): 53 during the first treatment cycle and 33 during the second. There was a significant proportion of patients reporting a decrease in the pagetic bone pain at days 84 and 196 (p < 0.001). Overall, risedronate was well tolerated. Five patients withdrew due to adverse events, none of which were considered to be drug related. In conclusion, 30 mg of oral risedronate administered daily for 84 days significantly reduced the biochemical indices of disease activity and was associated with pain reduction in patients with moderate to severe Paget's disease of bone. Normalization of ALP was observed in the majority of patients. Repeated administration of risedronate was shown to be beneficial. In general, risedronate was well tolerated and demonstrated a good safety profile.
The Psychological Effect of Uploading Food Picture on Social Media to Willingness to Dine Out (2013)

Lately, people like to capture food picture and post to social media. They share, recommend and critic the food and restaurant to other social media users. Based on exploratory research findings, this phenomenon is assumed having a relation with personality traits, self-concepts and perception of social media users. This paper aims to investigate the effect of restaurant attractiveness, personality, selfconcepts, self-control, and perception to willingness to dine out. Qualitative studies are carried out to get the indicators for designing questionnaires and afterward the questionnaires are distributed by survey. Sample size for qualitative research is 12 respondents who like to post food picture on social media and 102 social media users in Indonesia as respondents for survey. Collected data are analyzed using multivariate analysis. The finding shows that restautant attractiveness, self-concepts, and consumer perception have positive effect to consumerâ€™s willingness to dine out after looking at the posted food picture on social media. Implication of this research can help manager of restaurant or cafe to plan marketing program based on consumer personality and other psychological concepts.
Hydration process of interfacial transition in potassium polysialate (K-PSDS) geopolymer concrete (2005)

Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to study the hydration process of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between coarse aggregate and potassium polysialate (K-PSDS) geopolymer under an 80% relative humidity environment. An energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDXA) was also used to distinguish the chemical composition of the hydration products. The ESEM micrographs and corresponding EDXA results show that the development of the microstructure of ITZ is quite different from that of matrix. At the beginning there were many large voids filled with water (about 50 μm) in the fresh ITZ, but these voids were not found in the bulk matrix. As hydration proceeded, gel products gradually precipitated on the edges of these voids and extended outward. Eventually these voids were completely filled with hydration product. At this stage, the difference in the micrograph between the ITZ and the matrix was hardly distinguishable. However EDXA results showed that the contents of K/Al and Si/Al in the ITZ were higher than those in the bulk matrix. This indicates that K and Si accumulate in the ITZ, which results in a difference in chemical composition between the ITZ and the matrix. In addition, well-developed crystals were not found in the ITZ at any stage and sponge-like amorphous gel was always observed instead.
A Comparative Procedure for Evaluating Antimicrobial Activity of Gaseous Agents (1961)

A dynamic method for comparison of the antimicrobial activities of gaseous agents is proposed. Specially designed apparatuses for multiple exposure and growth of organisms have been described and the validity of the method has been disussed. Three gases, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, and formaldehyde, and five bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, and Staphylococcus aureus, have been tested and compared; typical data were presented to demonstrate the results. Application of this dynamic method for the investigation of the mechanism of action of gas sterilization has been suggested.
IgE‐mediated anaphylactic reaction to purified and recombinant factor VIII in a patient with severe haemophilia A (2006)

We report a 51-year-old patient with severe haemophilia A developing a severe life-threatening anaphylactic reaction to recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII). Anaphylactic reactions are a rare but well-known side effect of FVIII products. The nature of these reactions could not be clarified as previous studies failed to demonstrate a specific IgE response. Here, we could prove a grade 3 anaphlyactic reaction as an IgE-mediated response to rFVIII for the first time by Western blotting.
Regulation of endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II release by apoptosis (1998)

Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a chemoattractant for monocytes. We show here that, in the mouse embryo, EMAP II mRNA was most abundant at sites of tissue remodeling where many apoptotic cells could be detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP end labeling. Removal of dead cells is known to require macrophages, and these were found to colocalize with areas of EMAP II mRNA expression and programmed cell death. In cultured cells, post-translational processing of pro-EMAP II protein to the mature released EMAP II form (23 kDa) occurred coincidentally with apoptosis. Cleavage of pro-EMAP II could be abrogated in cultured cells by using a peptide-based inhibitor, which competes with the ASTD cleavage site of pro-EMAP II. Our results suggest that the coordinate program of cell death includes activation of a caspase-like activity that initiates the processing of a cytokine responsible for macrophage attraction to the sites of apoptosis.
Myocardial cell death in reperfused and nonreperfused myocardialBMA in the pig [see comments] (1996)

Myocardial cell death in reperfused and nonreperfused myocardialBMA in the pig [see comments]
Novel method for evaluating antiviral drugs against human cytomegalovirus in mice (1992)

A virus-host cell system in which human cytomegalovirus-infected human cells are entrapped in agarose plugs has been developed. This model provides an inexpensive method for the in vivo evaluation (with outbred, immunocompetent mice) of antiviral drugs against human viruses such as cytomegalovirus that replicate primarily or only in human cells.
Photoelectric properties of ITO thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering (2011)

As anti-reflecting thin films and transparent electrodes of solar cells, indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering process. The main sputtering conditions were sputtering power, substrate temperature and work pressure. The influence of the above sputtering conditions on the transmittance and conductivity of the deposited ITO films was investigated. The experimental results show that, the transmittance and the resistivity decrease as the sputtering power increases from 30 to 90 W. When the substrate temperature increases from 25 to 150 °C, the transmittance increases slightly whereas the resistivity decreases. As the work pressure increases from 0.4 to 2.0 Pa, the transmittance decreases and the resistivity increases. When the sputtering power, substrate temperature and work pressure are 30 W, 150 °C, 0.4 Pa respectively, the ITO thin films exhibit good electrical and optical properties, with resistivity below 10−4 Ω·cm and the transmittance in the visible wave band beyond 80%. Therefore, the ITO thin films are suitable as transparent electrodes of solar cells.
The coffee diterpene kahweol induces heme oxygenase‐1 via the PI3K and p38/Nrf2 pathway to protect human dopaminergic neurons from 6‐hydroxydopamine‐derived oxidative stress (2008)

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of kahweol protection of neuronal cells from cell death induced by the Parkinson's disease-related neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with kahweol significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced generation of ROS, caspase-3 activation, and subsequent cell death. Kahweol also up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which conferred neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative injury. Moreover, kahweol induced PI3K and p38 activation, which are involved in the induction of Nrf2, HO-1 expression, and neuroprotection. These results suggest that regulation of the anti-oxidant enzyme HO-1 via the PI3K and p38/Nrf2 signaling pathways controls the intracellular levels of ROS.
Role of the<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa las</i>and<i>rhl</i>quorum-sensing systems in<i>rhlI</i>regulation (2002)

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa the LasR–LasI and RhlR–RhlI quorum-sensing (QS) systems control expression of numerous virulence genes in a population density-dependent fashion. In this study, we investigated regulation of the autoinducer synthase gene rhlI, which is responsible for C4-HSL signal production. Primer extension analysis was used to map the rhlI transcriptional start site and an upstream regulatory region was identified. Expression studies revealed that (i) this regulatory region is important for rhlI expression and (ii) although the rhl QS system will induce rhlI, las is the dominant regulator. Furthermore, we found that control of rhlI in Escherichia coli is markedly different than in P. aeruginosa.
Differential regulation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase isoforms in liver and muscle of the obese diabetic (ob/ob) mouse. (1997)

Intracellular insulin signaling involves a series of alternative and complementary pathways created by the multiple substrates of the insulin receptor (IRS) and the various isoforms of SH2 domain signaling molecules that can interact with these substrates. In this study, we have evaluated the roles of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in signaling to the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway in the ob/ob mouse, a model of the insulin resistance of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We find that the levels of expression of both IRS-1 and IRS-2 are decreased approximately 50% in muscle, whereas in liver the decrease is significantly greater for IRS-2 (72%) than for IRS-1 (29%). This results in differential decreases in IRS-1 and IRS-2 phosphorylation, docking of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, and activation of this enzyme in these two insulin target tissues. In ob/ob liver there is also a change in expression of the alternatively spliced isoforms of the regulatory subunits for PI 3-kinase that was detected at the protein and mRNA level. This resulted in a 45% decrease in the p85alpha form of PI 3-kinase, a ninefold increase in the AS53/p55alpha, and a twofold increase in p50alpha isoforms. Thus, there are multiple alterations in the early steps of insulin signaling in the ob/ob mouse, with differential regulation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, various PI 3-kinase regulatory isoforms, and a lack of compensation for the decrease in insulin signaling by any of the known alternative pathways at these levels.
Bit-plane error recovery via cross subband for image transmission in JPEG2000 (2003)

For multimedia transmission over noisy channels, the error robustness of JPEG2000 evidently outperforms that of JPEG. Since JPEG2000 is based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), traditional error concealment algorithms for still images in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain are not suitable for JPEG2000. In JPEG2000, decoding is processed bitplane by bitplane. Any data loss occurring in the bitstream will affect the consequent bitplanes and their wavelet coefficients. To solve this problem, the JPEG2000 VM7.2 program replaces the missing wavelet coefficients by zeros. However, the replacement may affect lots of significant nonzero coefficients such that some high frequency components are lost. In this paper, we present a novel error concealment algorithm for image transmission in the bitplane base. The proposed algorithm recovers the damaged bitplane data according to the cross subband and undamaged bitplane information. The recovered wavelet coefficients are similar with error-free data. The objective results show that the proposed algorithm has 3/spl sim/8dB improvement than those without the error resilient mechanism. From a subjective viewpoint, the proposed algorithm can achieve much smoother edges on the reconstructed image using our concealment algorithm.
Social networks as Internet barometers for optimizing content delivery networks (2009)

We use Twitter's real-time lists of popular Internet topics as a basis for predicting which Internet content will become popular in the near future. Our methods can be applied to optimize content delivery networks of the Internet via intelligent content pre-fetching and caching.
Extracellular granzyme A, complexed to proteoglycans, is protected against inactivation by protease inhibitors (2000)

Granzyme A (GrA) and B (GrB) together with perforin are the main constituents of cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. The cytotoxic proteins are released to deliver a lethal hit during contact between the CTL or NK cell and target cell. With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antigenic levels, we showed in a recent study that plasma of patients with activated CTLs and NK cells contain elevated levels of extracellular GrA. In this study, we determined the form and proteolytic capacity of this extracellular GrA detected in plasma. With the use of various assays, we show that part of the extracellular GrA circulates in the mature conformation and is bound to proteoglycans that protect it against inactivation by protease inhibitors, such as antithrombin III and alpha-2-macroglobulin, whereas another part of GrA circulates as a complex with antithrombin III. Finally, with the use of a novel assay for active GrA, we demonstrate that some plasma samples with high levels of extracellular GrA contain active GrA. These results suggest that various forms of extracellular GrA occur in vivo and that the regulation of GrA activity may be modified by proteoglycans. These data support the notion that granzymes may exert extracellular functions distant from the site of CTL or NK cell interaction with their target cells. (Blood. 2000;95:1465-1472)
The short-term effects of three molluscicides on the microflora and microfauna of small, biologically stable ponds in Southern Rhodesia. (1961)

Where large-scale molluscicide applications are anticipated, it is important to investigate the effects of the chemicals to be used on the freshwater microflora and fauna existing in the bodies of water to be treated. The food chains of which these organisms form basic parts are important in the general ecology leading up to fish and even to man. Some observations on the direct short-term effect of three molluscicides-copper sulfate, sodium pentachlorophenate and Bayer 73-on the populations of certain plankton organisms, carried out in biologically stable ponds in Southern Rhodesia, are reported on in this paper. It appears that copper sulfate has the most drastic and long-lasting effects on these organisms. The authors stress that snail control measures involving molluscicides should be so designed as to effect the minimum alteration to the ecological balance of the freshwater habitat.
Natural Melanogenesis Inhibitors Acting Through the Down-Regulation of Tyrosinase Activity (2012)

Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in human skin. A key enzyme, tyrosinase, catalyzes the first and only rate-limiting steps in melanogenesis, and the down-regulation of enzyme activity is the most reported method for the inhibition of melanogenesis. Because of the cosmetically important issue of hyperpigmentation, there is a big demand for melanogenesis inhibitors. This encourages researchers to seek potent melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmetic uses. This article reviews melanogenesis inhibitors that have been recently discovered from natural sources. The reaction mechanisms of the inhibitors on tyrosinase activity are also discussed.
Fundamental second-order nonlinear distortions in analog AM CATV transport systems based on single frequency semiconductor lasers (1992)

The author analyzes the fundamental second-order nonlinearities and their composite distortions in lightwave analog AM CATV transport systems based on single frequency semiconductor lasers. The nonlinear interaction between the photons and the electrons in the laser, the nonlinear dynamics of laser spatial hole burning, and the nonlinear interaction of fiber chromatic dispersion and laser frequency chirping are strongly dependent on the CATV carrier frequencies. The author found that the overall distortions increase for higher carrier frequencies and longer fiber spans. The distortion levels, however, are within the critical requirements for current and future CATV transport systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Allicin and related compounds: Biosynthesis, synthesis and pharmacological activity (2011)

In this review, the biosynthesis of allicin (allyl thiosulfinate) by enzymatic transformation of alliin and various methods of its synthesis with detailed investigation of mechanisms and kinetics are summarized. A convenient method is also described for determination of allicin stability and the utility of the inclusion complexes of this pharmacologically active agent with ?-cyclodextrins in increasing its stability. Allicin is the initial precursor for the production of ajoene ((E)- and (Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca- 1,6,11-triene 9-oxides) and vinyldithiin (2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin, and 3-vinyl-4H-1,2- dithiin), which are more stable and show various pharmacological effects. The mechanisms of allicin transformations to these compounds are given in detail. Finally, the data on the pharmacological effects of allicin and its transformation products, ajoene and vinyldithiin, are presented.
Instruction cache energy saving through compiler way-placement (2008)

Fetching instructions from a set-associative cache in an embedded processor can consume a large amount of energy due to the tag checks performed. Recent proposals to address this issue involve predicting or memoizing the correct way to access. However, they also require significant hardware storage which negates much of the energy saving.
Simultaneous Detection of Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) Ions in Dye Waste Water Using a Boron Doped Diamond Electrode with DPASV (2010)

The simultaneous detection of Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) ions in aqueous medium using a BDD electrode with DPASV is described. XPS was used to characterize the chemical states of trace metal ions deposited on the BDD electrode surface. Experimental parameters that affect response, such as pH, deposition time, deposition potential, and pulse amplitude were carefully optimized. The detection limits for Cd (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) ions were 3.5 ppb, 2.0 ppb, 0.1 ppb and 0.7 ppb, respectively. The application of the BDD electrode on the electrochemical pretreatment for the simultaneous metal detection in the dye waste water was also investigated.
Calculation of hysteresis losses in hard superconductors carrying ac: isolated conductors and edges of thin sheets (1970)

Two methods of calculating hysteresis losses in hard superconductors are described. The London model is assumed in which the critical current density is taken independent of magnetic field. Losses in isolated wires of different cross section are considered but it is found that losses for solid wires vary by at most a factor of 3 for different shaped wires of the same current-carrying capacity. The loss at saturation current is usually 0·4-0·6 Ic2μ0/π.