gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Over-approximating loops to prove properties using bounded model checking (2015)

Bounded Model Checkers (BMCs) are widely used to detect violations of program properties up to a bounded execution length of the program. However when it comes to proving the properties, BMCs are unable to provide a sound result for programs with loops of large or unknown bounds. To address this limitation, we developed a new loop over-approximation technique LA. LA replaces a given loop in a program with an abstract loop having a smaller known bound by combining the techniques of output abstraction and a novel abstract acceleration, suitably augmented with a new application of induction. The resulting transformed program can then be fed to any bounded model checker to provide a sound proof of the desired properties. We call this approach, of LA followed by BMC, as LABMC. We evaluated the effectiveness of LABMC on some of the SV-COMP14 loop benchmarks, each with a property encoded into it. Well known BMCs failed to prove most of these properties due to loops of large, infinite or unknown bounds while LABMC obtained promising results. We also performed experiments on a real world automotive application on which the well known BMCs were able to prove only one of the 186 array accesses to be within array bounds. LABMC was able to successfully prove 131 of those array accesses to be within array bounds.
Document image analysis for generating syntactic structure description (2003)

A document image analysis is described which automatically converts an input image into a syntactic document tree structure, while simultaneously representing the elements and their relative relations. Top-down image segmentation, using projection profiles, was greatly improved by systematically using a feedback process. As a result, the tree structure, including the blocks and their relative relations, was generated. Both the elements and their relations in the generated tree were finally determined by the bottom-up strategy, based on the general document layout property. Experimental results showed that this proposed method can be appropriately used to automatically describe an input image as a layout structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-dimensional electrophoresis of human plasma apolipoproteins. (1984)

The two-dimensional electrophoretic method with silver staining we describe better resolves plasma apolipoproteins (apo) than any procedure previously described. It can be used to screen for abnormalities in apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoC-II, apoC-III, apoD, apoE, and apoH. In addition, this is the first presentation of apoD and apoH on two-dimensional gels. This electrophoretic method will permit the quantification of plasma apolipoproteins by computer imaging. Such detailed analysis of the plasma apolipoproteins should provide a better understanding of apolipoprotein function and the role these apolipoproteins play in lipoprotein metabolism and the pathophysiology of dyslipoproteinemias and coronary artery disease.
DPA-714, a New Translocator Protein–Specific Ligand: Synthesis, Radiofluorination, and Pharmacologic Characterization (2008)

(18)F-DPA-714 is a specific radioligand for the TSPO, displaying promising in vivo properties and thus warranting further investigation.
GaAs MMICs for Automotive Applications (1998)

Based on more than 15 years of research and development work in several generations of experimental automotive radars the key requirements of the RF-parts of the systems are well known and fixed. Experience with the first generations of RF-front-ends also shows, that real volume production is reasonable only using integrated building blocks (MMICs). This paper reviews the different possible approaches. It turns out that depending on the radar principle used different technologies may be required, but that today all functions are available with good performance. Finally we describe a GaAs MMIC chip set which is presently under production. In addition a short description is also given for a remote identification and communication system which is produced for advanced road pricing systems.
A Multiple-diameter Bougie Fitted over a Small-caliber Fiberscope (1983)

New instruments for dilatation of the upper gastrointestinal tract are described: 1. A hollow plastic bougie with an inside diameter of approximately 10 mm to allow a 9 mm endoscope to pass. The diameter of this tube-like bougie increases in four steps up to 16 mm. 2. A second-similar bougie employs a flexible bronchoscope for guidance of the bougie. This system permits bougienage from 4 to 11.5 mm. The system permits stepwise bougienage of stenoses using only two instruments. For the first time complete endoscopic control of bougienage is possible.
Na,K-ATPase inhibition alters tight junction structure and permeability in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (2003)

Na,K-ATPase regulates a variety of transport functions in epithelial cells. In cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by ouabain and K(+) depletion decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and increased permeability of tight junctions to mannitol and inulin. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that the decrease in TER was due to an increase in paracellular shunt conductance. At the light microscopy level, this increased permeability was not accompanied by changes in the localization of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3. At the ultrastructural level, increased tight junction permeability correlated with a decrease in tight junction membrane contact points. Decreased tight junction membrane contact points and increased tight junction permeability were reversible in K(+)-repletion experiments. Confocal microscopy revealed that in control cells, Na,K-ATPase was localized at both apical and basolateral plasma membranes. K(+) depletion resulted in a large reduction of apical Na,K-ATPase, and after K(+) repletion the apical Na,K-ATPase recovered to control levels. These results suggest a functional link exists between Na,K-ATPase and tight junction function in human RPE cells.
Studies on Food Habits and Life Style of School Children in Formosa. The Relationship between Food Habits and Food Consumption Structure and Healthiness Judgment of School Children. (1993)

台湾において近年,社会情勢の変化や経済の高度成長とともに,生活が豊かになり,目まぐるしい生活様式の変化を生じている。 本研究では,台湾の学童の健康生活の実態を把握することを目的として,さらに食生活と健康生活習慣の関連性について検討を行った。 1)ローレル指数による体格判定において肥満の出現をみると男子12.1%,女子6.7%であった。 2)平均家族数は,5.0±1.5人で,世帯構成において75。1%が二世代家族で,核家族化への変遷が認められた. 3)欠食習慣のあるものは,12.2%と多く,その理由は「食欲がない」,「時間がない」が上位であった. 4)家族揃って食事をする頻度は,夕食では92.5%と高いが,朝食は4.9%と低く,台湾の食習慣の一端が伺えた。また,「子どもだけで食べる」という状況の中にある子どもは,平均25。5%で,学年が高くなるほど増加傾向が見られた.5)外食習慣については,12。0%近くが3食とも外食に依存していた。その内訳は,麺・パンといった主食類が目立った。 6)食品群別摂取頻度:男女共に米,パン,肉,肉加工品,果実,野菜,卵,乳,油脂類の摂取が高く,食の洋風化が示唆された. 7)因子分析の結果については,男女ともに2つが抽出され,累積寄与率は,全分散の86.6%,85.6%を占め,いずれもかなり類似した食パターンを示した。 8)総合的健康:度判定において,健康と判定されたものは18.8%と少なく,不健康は37。9%で,性差は認められなかった. 本論文の作成に当たり絶えず資料提供および調査研究に御協力下さった台湾ならびに日本の諸先生方に深謝いたします。 なお,この研究は,中華民国台湾台北市政府衛生局の柯 賢忠,蕭 東銘, 謝 弘康氏との共同研究である. この論文の一部は,第56回日本民族衛生学会(東京)において発表した。
Evaluating positivist theories of occupant satisfaction: a statistical analysis (2017)

An explorative statistical analysis of consistent non-domestic building performance studies is conducted non-domestic buildings (n = 47) to validate the universal positions of comfort widely cited in industry guidance and standards. The Building Use Studies (BUS) methodology for evaluating occupant satisfaction employed by these studies was tested for reliability and the factor structure explored. The reliability of this method was found to be ‘excellent’ and eight latent variables that characterize a hierarchical factor structure induced. Increased visual display unit use and open-plan arrangements were found to be associated with negative occupant perceptions. This suggests that privacy and personal communication may be defining issues for occupant satisfaction, with implications for space planning. Significantly different perceptions towards air quality and conditions in winter were observed between gender and those familiar with their environments were found to have a tendency to hold more negative perceptions more broadly. It has also been found that perceptions towards seasonal conditions may be improved by providing local control to mechanical services. Such insights highlight the limitations of reliance on positivist theory. Hence, it is recommended that high-performance buildings be provided control and management systems that learn from those occupying the building over time, cautiously adapting service provision accordingly.
Determination of 5' ends of specific mRNAs by DNA ligase-dependent amplification. (1993)

We established a novel way to clone 5' ends of unknown length and sequence of individual cDNAs. T4 DNA ligase is employed to ligate an annealed duplex of complementary primers, one of them with a 4-nucleotide-long randomized overlap, to first-strand cDNA, generating a new 5' end. Subsequent PCR with a down-stream primer and a primer with specificity for this new 5' end leads to products that can easily be cloned and sequenced. Considerations for the choice of primers for ligation and amplification are given. We have used this method to determine the 5' sequences of three independent mRNAs: the human collagen type-X gene, the chicken anchorin CII gene, and the human cytidine deaminase gene. We will discuss this method in comparison with other methods published for the amplification of unknown 5' ends of mRNA species.
[Inhibition of cathepsin G and elastase from human granulocytes by multiple forms of the Bowman-Birk type of soy inhibitor]. (1993)

A classical soybean inhibitor (Bowman-Birk inhibitor, BBI 2-IV) and two high molecular weight glycine-enriched inhibitors of the same type (3-II and 4-II) have been isolated, purified to homogeneity and characterized. All of the BBI isoforms have been found to effectively inhibit cathepsin G and human granulocyte elastase. The constants for leucocyte cathepsin G inhibition by classical BBI 2-IV (Ki = 1.2 x 10(-9) M) and high molecular mass BBI 3-II (Ki = 8.0 x 10(-8) M) as well as for leucocyte elastase inhibition by high molecular mass BBI 3-II (Ki = 1.1 x 10(-7) M) have been determined.
Randomised controlled trial comparing percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, and percutaneous acetic acid injection to treat hepatocellular carcinoma of 3 cm or less (2005)

RFTA was superior to PEI and PAI with respect to local recurrence, overall survival, and cancer free survival rates, but RFTA also caused more major complications.
Non-Analgesic Effects of Opioids: Neuroprotection in the Retina (2012)

Inadequate blood flow in the retina (ischemia) is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. Retinal ischemia plays a pivotal role in a number of ocular degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal artery occlusion. The sequence of events by which ischemia leads to retinal degeneration are not completely understood, but likely involve both necrotic and apoptotic processes. A variety of diverse chemical mediators (e.g., glutamate, oxygen free-radical, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines) have been implicated as participants in ischemic retinal injury. In the eye, experimental and/or clinical evidence has suggested roles for endogenous opioids and their receptors in the regulation of iris function, aqueous humor dynamics, corneal wound healing, and retinal development and neuroprotection. In numerous vital organs, opioid receptor activation prior to ischemia or severe hypoxia is neuroprotective. Recently, activation of opioid-receptors, particularly δ-opioid-receptors (DOR), has been demonstrated to suppress several steps in the deleterious cascade of events during ischemic/hypoxic stress. In providing neuroprotection against ischemia, opioid-receptor activation appears to block proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Depending on duration and severity of cellular stress, DOR activation can trigger different mechanisms at multiple levels to preserve neuronal survival, including: stabilized ionic homeostasis, augmented pro-survival signaling (e.g., PKC, ERK, PI3K/Akt) and enhanced anti-oxidative capacity. This review will summarize the potential roles of opioids in protecting the viability of ocular tissues. Special emphasis will be focused on enhancing the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of opioid actions in protecting the retina against ischemic/hypoxic injury.
Transformerless Inverter Topologies for Single-Phase Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Review (2019)

In photovoltaic (PV) applications, a transformer is often used to provide galvanic isolation and voltage ratio transformations between input and output. However, these conventional iron- and copper-based transformers increase the weight/size and cost of the inverter while reducing the efficiency and power density. It is therefore desirable to avoid using transformers in the inverter. However, additional care must be taken to avoid safety hazards such as ground fault currents and leakage currents, e.g., via the parasitic capacitor between the PV panel and ground. Consequently, the grid connected transformerless PV inverters must comply with strict safety standards such as IEEE 1547.1, VDE0126-1-1, EN 50106, IEC61727, and AS/NZS 5033. Various transformerless inverters have been proposed recently to eliminate the leakage current using different techniques such as decoupling the dc from the ac side and/or clamping the common mode (CM) voltage (CMV) during the freewheeling period, or using common ground configurations. The permutations and combinations of various decoupling techniques with integrated voltage buck-boost for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) allow numerous new topologies and configurations which are often confusing and difficult to follow when seeking to select the right topology. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the development of transformerless inverters for the next-generation grid-connected PV systems, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various transformerless inverters with detailed analytical comparisons. To reinforce the findings and comparisons as well as to give more insight on the CM characteristics and leakage current, computer simulations of major transformerless inverter topologies have been performed in PLECS software. Moreover, the cost and size are analyzed properly and summarized in a table. Finally, efficiency and thermal analysis are provided with a general summary as well as a technology roadmap.
Cost effectiveness of alternative strategies for incorporating bevacizumab into the primary treatment of ovarian cancer (2013)

The selective treatment of women with suboptimal and/or stage IV ovarian cancer was a more cost-effective use of bevacizumab than universal treatment but still did not fall within the limits of common willingness-to-pay thresholds. Continued investigation of potentially cost-effective strategies, such as a predictive test, is necessary to optimize the use of this expensive treatment.
Gender effects on aggregate saving (2002)

This study investigates the hypothesis that shifts in women's relative income, which affects their bargaining power in the household, have discernible effects on household saving, and by extension on aggregate saving due to differing saving propensities by gender. An analytical framework for pooled and non-pooled savings households is developed to examine why women and men's saving propensities may differ and how a change in women's wage earnings relative to men's influences household savings which constitutes a significant component of gross domestic saving. An empirical analysis is conducted using panel data for a set of 20 semi-industrialized economies, covering the period 1975-95. The results indicate that as some measures of women's discretionary income and bargaining power increase, aggregate saving rates rise, implying a significant effect of gender on aggregate savings. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding gender relations at the household level in planning for savings mobilization and in the formulation of financial and investment policies.
Split-Gate 1.2-kV 4H-SiC MOSFET: Analysis and Experimental Validation (2017)

The 1.2-kV-rated 4H-SiC Split Gate MOSFET (SG-MOSFET) structure is demonstrated to have a superior high-frequency figures-of-merit (HF-FOMs) by numerical simulations, with experimental validation for the first time. Excellent electrical characteristics (specific on-resistance, threshold voltage, breakdown voltage, reverse transfer capacitance,and gate-todrain charge) were measured from devices fabricated on a 6-in SiC wafer. Compared with the conventional MOSFET, the SG-MOSFET has 2.4× smaller HF-FOM [R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ×Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> ] due to the reduced gate-to-drain charge.
Reconfiguration time overhead on field programmable gate arrays: reduction and cost model (2012)

Partial reconfiguration suffers from low performance and thus its use is limited when the reconfiguration overhead is too high compared to the task execution time. To overcome this issue, the authors present a fast internal configuration access port (ICAP) controller, FaRM, providing high-speed configuration and easy-to-use readback capabilities, reducing configuration overhead as much as possible. In order to enhance performance, FaRM uses techniques such as master accesses, ICAP overclocking, bitstream pre-load into a controller and bitstream compression technique, Offset-run length encoding (RLE), which is an improvement of the RLE algorithm. Combining these approaches allows us to achieve an ICAP theoretical throughput of 800 MB/S at 200 MHz. In order to complete our approach, we provide a cost model for the reconfiguration overhead for the system level that can be used during the early stages of development. The authors tested their approach on an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption/decryption architecture.
Increased expression of the FIGLA transcription factor is associated with primordial follicle formation in the human fetal ovary (2004)

The process of primordial follicle formation is central to the determination of a woman's reproductive lifespan, and in humans occurs towards the end of mid-gestation. Gene knockout analysis in the mouse has shown that Figla, a transcription factor specifically expressed in germ cells, is essential for oocytes to survive and form primordial follicles. Our objective was to investigate whether a human homologue present in the genome database plays a similar role in human ovary development. Standard and real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that the human FIGLA gene is expressed in the fetal ovary but not by a range of other tissues, and that expression increases across mid-gestation, rising some 40-fold by the time of primordial follicle formation. The entire coding sequence was cloned and new exonic sequences identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with in vitro-expressed human FIGLA protein showed that, as in the mouse, FIGLA can heterodimerize with E12 protein and bind to the E-box of the human ZP2 promoter. Similar mobility shifts were identified in human fetal ovary extracts. These results suggest that FIGLA is involved in continued oocyte survival as primordial follicles form in the human as in the rodent ovary.
Thermal analysis of oil shales (1970)

To obtain oil from oil shale, it is necessary to heat the shale. This study is an attempt to predict with some confidence the heat requirements under a variety of circumstances. It is assumed that the Mahogany Zone Green River Shale at 77/sup 0/F (298/sup 0/K) will be heated to and retorted at 891/sup 0/F (750/sup 0/K) under anaerobic conditions. The problem is to determine the total heat (or enthalpy) required to: (1) heat this shale from 77/sup 0/F to 891/sup 0/F, (2) pyrolyze the kerogen, and (3) vaporize the products. Tabular data show the following: (1) mineral composition of the Mahogany Zone Green River Shale; (2) mineral enthalpies; (3) mineral heats of decomposition; (4) mineral heat of retorting; (5) kerogen enthalpy and heat of decomposition; (6) heat of retorting; (7) decomposition heats of other shale minerals; and (8) spent shale enthalpy. From the data, it is concluded that 232.7 btu/lb is required to heat the mineral components of Mahogany Zone Shale from 77/sup 0/F to 891/sup 0/F. The total heat required is 527 btu/lb. After pyrolysis, the heat released is 228 btu/lb on cooling to 77/sup 0/F. (13 refs.)
[A new tricortical implant]. (2003)

We wish to introduce a new type of implant intended for use in the posterior maxilla when only 8 mm or less of the resorbed alveolar ridge is present, without the need for sinus lift procedures or ridge augmentation. The implant is called "Excalibur" and will be available in varying lengths with either an internal or external hex. The implant is supported at three points in the cortical bone due to the use of an apically positioned screw, which passes through the implant and the buccal and palatal cortices at 90 degrees to the long axis of the implant. The bicortical screw is inserted via a minimal full thickness flap or through a small incision in the gingiva at the proposed point of placement. The additional stability provided by this screw allows for immediate loading at the time of implant placement. In comparative tests with regular implants, the "Excalibur" was found to be far more resistant to forces applied to the implant resulting in far less stress on the neck of the implant, which was shown on the finite element modeling. Two clinical cases are presented: 1) Excalibur implants were placed in the posterior maxilla and four months after the surgical procedure the permanent prosthetic rehabilitation was completed. 2) Excalibur implants were placed at the time of extraction, with an immediate temporary acrylic bridge. Permanent prosthetic rehabilitation was begun four months later.
Inhibitory Effects of Glycyrrhetic Acid and Its Related Compounds on 3.ALPHA.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase of Rat Liver Cytosol. (1992)

Glycyrrhetic acid (GA), aglycone of glycyrrhizin (GL), inhibited potently (I50 = 7 x 10(-6) M) and non-competitively the activity of NAD(P)+-linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver cytosol. The inhibition was slightly weaker than that of indomethacin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, but stronger than that of dexamethasone, another anti-inflammatory agent. GL, GA monoglucuronide, and 3-epi-glycyrrhetic acid also inhibited this enzyme activity, but did so less effectively (I50 = 5-8 x 10(-5) M). Carbenoxolone (GA 3-hemisuccinate) and 3-keto-glycyrrhetic acid showed potent inhibitory effects similar to GA, and 18 alpha-GA showed the most powerful inhibition of the activity.
MicroRNA-374a Inhibits Aggressive Tumor Biological Behavior in Bladder Carcinoma by Suppressing Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2018)

Lower expression of miR-374a is associated with poor prognosis and miR-374a improves tumor biological behavior in bladder cancer cells, suggesting that miR-374a might be a novel small-molecule therapeutic target.