gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context-dependent interaction leads to emergent search behavior in social aggregates (2009)

Locating the source of an advected chemical signal is a common challenge facing many living organisms. When the advecting medium is characterized by either high Reynolds number or high Peclet number, the task becomes highly nontrivial due to the generation of heterogeneous, dynamically changing filamental concentrations that do not decrease monotonically with distance to the source. Defining search strategies that are effective in these environments has important implications for the understanding of animal behavior and for the design of biologically inspired technology. Here we present a strategy that is able to solve this task without the higher intelligence required to assess spatial gradient direction, measure the diffusive properties of the flow field, or perform complex calculations. Instead, our method is based on the collective behavior of autonomous individuals following simple social interaction rules which are modified according to the local conditions they are experiencing. Through these context-dependent interactions, the group is able to locate the source of a chemical signal and in doing so displays an awareness of the environment not present at the individual level. This behavior illustrates an alternative pathway to the evolution of higher cognitive capacity via the emergent, group-level intelligence that can result from local interactions.
Regulation and extracellular glucosyltransferase production and the relationship between extracellular and cell-associated activities in Streptococcus mutans (1976)

The regulation of extracellular glucosyltransferase production in Streptococcus mutans GS-5 has been studied using a chemically defined medium. Most of the glucosyltransferase activity produced by cells grown in the chemically defined medium was extracellular, in contrast with the distribution between cell-associated and extracellular glucosyltransferase activity when cells were grown in complex medium. The production of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity coincided with the logarithmic growth phase, and further accumulation ceased when glucose was exhausted from the medium. Accumulation of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity was inhibited immediately by chloramphenicol and rifamycin, added either at the beginning of growth or during mid-logarithmic growth. Low concentrations of chloramphenicol inhibited both cellular protein synthesis and the accumulation of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity to the same extent, indicating a close coupling between glucosyltransferase synthesis and secretion. Experiments using cell lysates showed that no intracellular accumulation of glucosyltransferase activity occurred in the presence of the inhibitors and that the intracellular activity is very low relative to the cell-surface activity. The utilization of cells depleted of cell-associated glucosyltransferase activity indicated that most of the cell-associated glucosyltransferase activity does not act as a precursor for the extracellular enzyme. Sugar analogue inhibitors of glycoprotein synthesis did not have any specific effects on the synthesis or secretion of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity.
The Occurrence of Typhoid Bacilli Containing Vi Antigen in Cases of Typhoid Fever and of Vi Antibody in their Sera (1935)

The investigation recorded in the present paper was undertaken as a corollary to the clinical trials with a new antityphoid serum, the results of which were recently published (Felix, 1935). Its object was to enquire into: (i) the occurrence of Vi antigen in strains of B. typhosus freshly isolated from cases of typhoid fever; (ii) the occurrence of Vi antibody in the blood serum of typhoid patients and convalescents.
Towards robust person recognition on handheld devices using face and speaker identification technologies (2003)

Most face and speaker identification techniques are tested on data collected in controlled environments using high quality cameras and microphones. However, the use of these technologies in variable environments and with the help of the inexpensive sound and image capture hardware present in mobile devices presents an additional challenge. In this study, we investigate the application of existing face and speaker identification techniques to a person identification task on a handheld device. These techniques have proven to perform accurately on tightly constrained experiments where the lighting conditions, visual backgrounds, and audio environments are fixed and specifically adjusted for optimal data quality. When these techniques are applied on mobile devices where the visual and audio conditions are highly variable, degradations in performance can be expected. Under these circumstances, the combination of multiple biometric modalities can improve the robustness and accuracy of the person identification task. In this paper, we present our approach for combining face and speaker identification technologies and experimentally demonstrate a fused multi-biometric system which achieves a 50% reduction in equal error rate over the better of the two independent systems.
A Study of the Human Heart as a Multiple Dipole Electrical Source (1969)

A model for the electrical activity of the heart during depolarization, in which the ventricles were represented by 12 dipoles and the thorax by an inhomogeneous conductor, was evaluated. Potentials measured at 126 locations on the thoracic surface were used to determine the dipole strengths as a function of time for 58 normal sedentary subjects. Most of the dipole strengths had the form of a single pulse in time, the dipole onset sequence being consistent with the depolarization sequence found by others. Dipole activities (DA), obtained for each dipole by time integration of its strength, varied considerably between subjects. However, much of this variation arose from a systematic decrease of DAs with age. The separate DAs were summed to obtain the DAs of the septum and left and right ventricular free walls. The proportions of the summed DAs agreed with the cardiac component weights found by others. When the variation with the subject's age was removed, the total DA fluctuated by ±13% (standard deviation of the mean) in this series.
Prokaryotic Diversity--Magnitude, Dynamics, and Controlling Factors (2002)

There are probably millions of species in the microorganismal domains Bacteria and Archaea (the prokaryotes), and we are only just beginning to work out the basic principles governing their distribution and abundance in natural environments. One characteristic that has become clear is that prokaryote diversity in aquatic environments is orders of magnitude less than in sediments and soils. Hypotheses and models explaining such differences are under development and are beginning to offer promising insights into the mechanisms governing prokaryote diversity and ecosystem function.
Target Controlled Infusions: Targeting the Effect Site While Limiting Peak Plasma Concentration (2004)

Concerns about the high plasma concentrations that result from targeting the effect site with a TCI device can be addressed by reducing the peak plasma concentration by as much as 60% with only a very modest increase in time to peak effect.
The macrophage capacity for phagocytosis (1992)

Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, which measure 13.8 +/- 2.3 microns diameter in suspension, can ingest IgG-opsonized latex beads greater than 20 microns diameter. A precise assay has allowed the determination of the phagocytic capacity, and of physiological parameters that limit that capacity. Ingestion of beads larger than 15 microns diameter required IgG-opsonization, and took 30 minutes to reach completion. Despite the dependence on Fc-receptors for phagocytosis of larger beads, cells reached their limit before all cell surface Fc-receptors were occupied. The maximal membrane surface area after frustrated phagocytosis of opsonized coverslips was similar to the membrane surface area required to engulf particles at the limiting diameter, indicating that the capacity was independent of particle shape. Vacuolation of the lysosomal compartment with sucrose, which expanded endocytic compartments, lowered the phagocytic capacity. This decrease was reversed when sucrose vacuoles were collapsed by incubation of cells with invertase. These experiments indicate that the phagocytic capacity is limited by the amount of available membrane, rather than by the availability of Fc-receptors. The capacity was also reduced by depolymerization of cytoplasmic microtubules with nocodazole. Nocodazole did not affect the area of maximal cell spreading during frustrated phagocytosis, but did alter the shape of the spread cells. Thus, microtubules may coordinate cytoplasm for engulfment of the largest particles.
Quick Boot of Trusted Execution Environment With Hardware Accelerators (2020)

The Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) offers a software platform for secure applications. The TEE offers a memory isolation scheme and software authentication from a high privilege mode. The procedure uses different algorithms such as hashes and signatures, to authenticate the application to secure. Although the TEE hardware has been defined for memory isolation, the security algorithms often are executed using software implementations. In this paper, a RISC-V system compatible with TEEs featuring security algorithm accelerators is presented. The hardware accelerators are the SHA-3 hash and the Ed25519 elliptic curve algorithms. TileLink is used for the communications between the processor and the register of the accelerators. For the TEE boot, the software procedures are switched with the accelerated counterpart. Comparing to the software approach, a 2.5-decade increment is observed in the throughput of the signature procedure using the SHA-3 acceleration for big chunks of data. The Ed25519 performs 90% better compared to the software counterpart in execution times.
Nonlinear arithmetic operations on the delta sigma pulse stream (1990)

In this paper it is shown how a delta-sigma modulated (ΔΣM) pulse stream can be used to carry out many of the functions of nonlinear signal processing. It is demonstrated how to realize arbitrary nonlinear memoryless functions on the basis of ΔΣM. The error bounds for the delta demodulator (DDM) averaging filter are also given. An example of the squaring operation is given. Es wird gezeigt, wie ein Delta-Sigma-Bitstrom dazu benutzt werden kann, viele Funktionen der nichtlinearen Signalverarbeitung auszuführen. Es wird demonstriert, wie beliebige gedächtnislose Funktionen auf dieser Basis realisiert werden könen. Die Fehlerschranken für das Mittelungsfilter im Deltamodulator werden ebenfalls angegeben. Als Beispiel wird die Quadrierungsoperation gezeigt. Cet article montre comment un train d'impulsion modulé en delta sigma (en Anglais, delta sigma modulation ΔΣM) peut être exploité pour effecteur un grand nombre de fonctions non-linéaires utiles en traitement de signal. En particulier, on décrit comment réaliser une fonction non-linéaire sans mémoire arbitraire sur la base de ΔΣM. Les bornes d'erreur du filtre moyenneur de delta démodulation (DDM) son données. On présente également un exemple d'élevation au carré.
A dye-doped optical sensor for the detection of biodiesel in diesel (2013)

The ability to detect biodiesel at various concentrations in diesel is an important goal in several industries. A simple, solvatochromic dye-doped optical sensor is presented for quick and direct detection of 0.5 ppm-20% v/v FAME/biodiesel in diesel.
Proteases: Essential Actors in Processing Antigens and Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors (2013)

MHC class II molecules expressed by professional antigen presenting cells (pAPCs) such as macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in presenting peptides to CD4(+) T cells. However, to elicit CD4(+)-T cells immunity, pAPCs need an additional signal, which can be delivered by toll-like receptors (TLRs) molecules. TLRs recognize microbial patterns and are critical in initiating immune responses. Proteases, which provide peptide ligands for the MHC class II antigenic presentation pathway, were recently shown to cleave and activate intracellular TLRs in endosomal compartments. Here, I give an overview on the individual roles of the most well studied proteases in both antigen and TLRs processing.
Sociopsychological stress activates hypothalamo‐medullary neurons that drive brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and hyperthermia (1130.6) (2014)

Psychological stress induces hyperthermia in many mammalian species. We have shown that psychological stress induces heat production in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through activation of sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullary raphe (rMR) (Lkhagvasuren et al ., 2011). The present study investigated the central circuit mechanism that drives stress signaling to the BAT‐controlling premotor neurons. Rats exposed to social defeat stress, a sociopsychological stress model, exhibited increases in BAT and abdominal temperature. This stress response was eliminated by a nanoinjection of AP5 and CNQX, glutamate receptor antagonists, into the rMR. This stress activated neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) that directly project to the rMR and inhibition of neurons in the DMH with muscimol injections eliminated the stress‐induced BAT thermogenesis and hyperthermia. Supporting functional contribution of the DMH‐rMR monosynaptic pathway in the stress‐driven BAT thermogenesis, in vivo optogenetic stimulation of DMH‐derived nerve endings in the rMR elicited BAT thermogenesis, which was blocked by antagonizing glutamate receptors in the rMR. These results indicate that the DMH‐rMR glutamatergic monosynaptic pathway likely mediates stress signaling to drive BAT thermogenesis, contributing to psychological stress‐induced hyperthermia.
Characterization of lysyl residues of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase implicated in charge-pairing with active-site carboxyl residues of cytochrome b5 by site-directed mutagenesis of an expression vector for the flavoprotein. (1992)

An expression vector for bovine NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase was constructed from two DNA fragments that were derived from beef liver poly(A+) RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 3 lysine residues of the reductase, previously implicated in the formation of active-site charge pairs with carboxylate residues of cytochrome b5, was then used to obtain the purified catalytic domains of flavoproteins modified at each of these sites. The observed marked decreases in catalytic efficiencies of substitutions of a negative charge at the normally positively charged residues with the catalytic domain of cytochrome b5 are consistent with their participation in the formation of charge pairs with carboxylate groups of the hemeprotein to optimize rapid electron transfer from the reductase flavin to the heme of the cytochrome.
CHIT1 is a novel therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): anti-fibrotic efficacy of OATD-01, a potent and selective chitinase inhibitor in the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis (2018)

<b>Rationale:</b> Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) are the enzymatically active chitinases in humans. CHIT1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) including IPF. <b>Methods:</b> Chitinolytic activity was assessed in induced sputum (IS) and serum from IPF patients and controls (n=20-28) and CHIT1 expression was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from IPF patients. The therapeutic efficacy of OATD-01 – a selective chitinase inhibitor was evaluated in the mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were dosed with OATD-01 or nintedanib (100 mg/kg, po, qd) in a therapeutic scheme. <b>Results:</b> The chitinolytic activity in serum and IS from IPF patients was significantly elevated when compared to controls. Additionally, CHIT1 was shown to be highly expressed in BAL macrophages from IPF patients. OATD-01 - a potent chitinase inhibitor (hAMCase IC<sub>50</sub>=9nM, hCHIT1 IC<sub>50</sub>=26nM) significantly reduced lung fibrosis in the bleomycin-induced fibrosis model, comparably to nintedanib, as assessed by modified Ashcroft scoring. The anti-fibrotic activity of OATD-01 was associated with pharmacodynamic effect: plasma chitinolytic activity was significantly reduced in mice dosed with OATD-01 as compared to control group. <b>Conclusion:</b> We have demonstrated that expression of CHIT1 is increased in IPF and that inhibition of chitinases with OATD-01 provided significant therapeutic efficacy, comparable to nintedanib, in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. These data support further development of OATD-01 as a first-in-class therapy for IPF.
Supine Hypotensive Syndrome as the Probable Cause of Both Maternal and Fetal Death (2012)

Supine hypotensive syndrome is characterized by severe supine hypotension in late pregnancy, whose clinical presentation ranges from minimal cardiovascular alterations to severe shock, resulting from inferior vena cava compression by gravid uterus. We report a case of a 41-year-old 39-week-pregnant woman found dead supine. Autopsy revealed the following: cyanosis of the limbs; congestion of the jugular and subclavian veins; abundant abdominal subcutaneous fatty tissue; uterus displacing intestine and diaphragm; collapsed inferior vena cava; both femoral veins dilated and filled with blood; edematous and congested lungs; and placenta 790 g, fetus 3475 g, amniotic fluid 800 cm(3). The diagnosis of supine hypotensive syndrome as the probable cause of death is supported by the position of the body and autopsy findings. This syndrome can be considered as the first stage of the physio-pathological mechanism that led to death in the case presented herein and should be considered by pathologists as a cause of sudden death.
<scp>mTOR</scp> regulates tau phosphorylation and degradation: implications for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies (2013)

Accumulation of tau is a critical event in several neurodegenerative disorders, collectively known as tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Pathological tau is hyperphosphorylated and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles. The molecular mechanisms leading to tau accumulation remain unclear and more needs to be done to elucidate them. Age is a major risk factor for all tauopathies, suggesting that molecular changes contributing to the aging process may facilitate tau accumulation and represent common mechanisms across different tauopathies. Here, we use multiple animal models and complementary genetic and pharmacological approaches to show that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates tau phosphorylation and degradation. Specifically, we show that genetically increasing mTOR activity elevates endogenous mouse tau levels and phosphorylation. Complementary to it, we further demonstrate that pharmacologically reducing mTOR signaling with rapamycin ameliorates tau pathology and the associated behavioral deficits in a mouse model overexpressing mutant human tau. Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that the association between mTOR and tau is linked to GSK3β and autophagy function. In summary, we show that increasing mTOR signaling facilitates tau pathology, while reducing mTOR signaling ameliorates tau pathology. Given the overwhelming evidence that reducing mTOR signaling increases lifespan and healthspan, the data presented here have profound clinical implications for aging and tauopathies and provide the molecular basis for how aging may contribute to tau pathology. Additionally, these results provide preclinical data indicating that reducing mTOR signaling may be a valid therapeutic approach for tauopathies.
Field Trial of a Multiphase Flow Meter (1998)

Field Trial of a Multiphase Flow Meter Peria G. Mohamed; Peria G. Mohamed Kuwait Oil Company Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Khaled H. Al Saif Khaled H. Al Saif Kuwait Oil Company Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 1998. Paper Number: SPE-49161-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/49161-MS Published: September 27 1998 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Mohamed, Peria G., and Khaled H. Al Saif. "Field Trial of a Multiphase Flow Meter." Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 1998. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/49161-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search AbstractA Multiphase Flowmeter (MPFM) was installed in series with a conventional well testing system (test separators and test tank) at an operating field in Kuwait. The MPFM employs a positive displacement meter, a venturimeter and a microwave sensor to measure the flow of total fluid, gas and water respectively. A bypass loop with a vortex shedding flowmeter enables measurement of a large range of gas flow rate. A number of wells covering a wide range of Production rate (680 to 6130 bpd), Gas Oil Ratio (207 to 889) and water cut (0-65%) were tested. The comparative results are presented. The MPFM results are more accurate, and more consistent than those of conventional system and allows faster well testing. An insight into the behavior of MPFM at varying field conditions and useful information on issues related to range and accuracy are presented. Useful hints to those companies interested in testing/procuring Multiphase Flow meters are also presented.P. 471 Keywords: mpfm, spe 49161, drillstem/well testing, reference value, production rate, drillstem testing, liquid flow rate, upstream oil & gas, flow metering, society of petroleum engineers Subjects: Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring, Formation Evaluation & Management, Downhole and wellsite flow metering, Drillstem/well testing This content is only available via PDF. 1998. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
The structure of micelles (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe structure of micellesFredric M. MengerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 4, 111–117Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50136a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50136a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2530Altmetric-Citations430LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts