gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-cleaning techniques for removal of surface particulates (1992)

Flash laser heating using short-pulsed laser irradiation of a surface is demonstrated to be a promising new approach for effective removal of particulate contaminations of sizes as small as 0.1 μm. This is very useful because micron- and submicron-sized particulates adhere tenaciously onto a solid surface, and conventional cleaning techniques are inadequate for removal. Several varieties of the new laser-cleaning techniques have been developed by us as well as by others. For example, the pulsed laser irradiation can be used with or without the simultaneous deposition of a thin liquid film on the surface to be laser cleaned. The laser wavelength can also be chosen so that absorption occurs mainly at the sample surface, or in the liquid, or in the particulate, or in a combination of these. In this paper, we discuss and compare examples of these different approaches. We find that laser cleaning with highest efficiency is achieved by choosing a laser wavelength that is strongly absorbed by the surface together with pulse depositing a water film of thickness on the order of microns on the surface momentarily before the pulsed laser irradiation. This permits the effective removal of particles smaller than ∼20 μm, down to as small as 0.1 μm, from a solid surface using a modest ultraviolet laser fluence of ∼0.1 J/cm2.
The Anticipation of Danger: Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern Perception Enhances AtPep-Triggered Oxidative Burst  (2013)

The endogenous Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) peptides, AtPeps, elicit an innate immune response reminiscent of pattern-triggered immunity. Detection of various danger signals, including microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), leads to elevated transcription of PROPEPs, the AtPep precursors, and PEPRs, the AtPep receptors. It has been hypothesized that AtPeps are involved in enhancing pattern-triggered immunity. Following this idea, we analyzed the relationship between MAMP- and AtPep-elicited signaling. We found that the perception of MAMPs enhanced a subsequent AtPep-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, other components of AtPep-triggered immunity like Ca(2+) influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, ethylene production, and expression of early defense genes, as well as ROS-activated genes, remained unchanged. By contrast, treatment with methyl jasmonate promoted an increase of all analyzed AtPep-triggered responses. We positively correlated the intensities of generic AtPep-triggered responses with the abundance of the two AtPep receptors by generating constitutively expressing PEPR1 and PEPR2 transgenic lines and by analyzing pepr1 and pepr2 mutants. Further, we show that enhanced, as well as basal, ROS production triggered by AtPeps is absent in the double mutant of the respiratory burst oxidase homologs D and F (rbohD rbohF). We present evidence that the enhancement of AtPep-triggered ROS is not based on changes in the ROS detoxification machinery and is independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Ca(2+) signaling pathways. Taken together, these results indicate an additional level of regulation besides receptor abundance for the RbohD/RbohF-dependent production of AtPep-elicited ROS, which is specifically operated by MAMP-triggered pathways.
Differential scanning calorimetry characterization of polypropylene. Dependence of Tg on polymer tacticity and molecular weight (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential scanning calorimetry characterization of polypropylene. Dependence of Tg on polymer tacticity and molecular weightDavid R. Burfield and Yoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 4, 702–704Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00238a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00238a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1274Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fragments of bovine serum albumin produced by limited proteolysis: complementary behavior of two large fragments (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFragments of bovine serum albumin produced by limited proteolysis: complementary behavior of two large fragmentsRoberta G. Reed, Richard C. Feldhoff, and Theodore Peters, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1976, 15, 24, 5394–5398Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00669a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00669a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoluminescence-based measurements of the energy gap and diffusion length of Zn3P2 (2009)

The steady-state photoluminescence spectra of zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) wafers have revealed a fundamental indirect band gap at 1.38 eV, in close proximity to the direct band gap at 1.50 eV. These values are consistent with the values for the indirect and direct band gaps obtained from analysis of the complex dielectric function deduced from spectroscopic ellipsometric measurements. Bulk minority carrier lifetimes of 20 ns were observed by time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements, implying minority-carrier diffusion lengths of ≥7 μm.
A rigorous and efficient run-time security monitor for real-time critical embedded system applications (2016)

We introduce a run-time security monitor for embedded system applications that detects both known and unknown computational cyber-attacks. Our security monitor is rigorous (i.e. sound and complete), eliminating false alarms, as well as efficient, supporting real-time detection. In contrast, conventional run-time security monitors for application software either produce (high rates of) false alarms (e.g. intrusion detection systems) or limit application performance (e.g. run-time verification systems). Such monitors are typically non-adaptive against constantly changing attacks of variable extent. Our run-time monitor detects attacks by checking the consistency between the application run-time behavior and its specified (expected) behavior model. Our specification language is based on monadic second order logic and event calculus interpreted over algebraic data structures; the application implementation can be in any programming language. Based on our defined denotational semantics of the specification language, we prove that the security monitor is sound and complete, i.e. it produces an alarm iff it detects an inconsistency between the application execution and the specified behavior. Importantly, the monitor detects not only cyber-attacks but all behavioral deviations from specification, e.g. bugs, and so, is readily applicable to the security of legacy systems. Through an application of our prototype monitor to a PID controller for a feedwater tank, we demonstrate that rigorous run-time monitors employing verification techniques are effective, efficient and readily applicable to demanding real-time critical systems, without scalability limitations.
Rate of divergence of cellular sequences homologous to segments of Moloney sarcoma virus (1977)

The RNA genome of the Moloney isolate of murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) consists of two parts--a sarcoma-specific region with no homology to known leukemia viral RNAs, and a shared region present also in Moloney murine leukemia virus RNA. Complementary DNA was isolated which was specific for each part of the M-MSV genome. The DNA of a number of mammalian species was examined for the presence of nucleotide sequences homologous with the two M-MSV regions. Both sets of viral sequences had homologous nucleotide sequences present in normal mouse cellular DNA. MSV-specific sequences found in mouse cellular DNA closely matched those nucleotide sequences found in M-MSV as seen by comparisons of thermal denaturation profiles. In all normal mouse cells tested, the cellular set of M-MSV-specific nucleotide sequences was present in DNA as one to a few copies per cell. The rate of base substitution of M-MSV nucleotide sequences was compared with the rate of evolution of both unique sequences and the hemoglobin gene of various species. Conservation of MSV-specific nucleotide sequences among species was similar to that of mouse globin gene(s) and greater than that of average unique cellular sequences. In contrast, cellular nucleotide sequences that are homologous to the M-MSV-murine leukemia virus "common" nucleotide region were present in multiple copies in mouse cells and were less well matched, as seen by reduced melting profiles of the hybrids. The cellular common nucleotide sequences diverged very rapidly during evolution, with a base substitution rate similar to that reported for some primate and avian endogenous virogenes. The observation that two sets of covalently linked viral sequences evolved at very different rates suggests that the origin of M-MSV may be different from endogenous helper viruses and that cellular sequences homologous to MSV-specific nucleotide sequences may be important to survival.
<title>Spectral imaging applications: remote sensing, environmental monitoring, medicine, military operations, factory automation, and manufacturing</title> (1997)

This paper reviews the activities at OKSI related to imaging spectroscopy presenting current and future applications of the technology. We discuss the development of several systems including hardware, signal processing, data classification algorithms and benchmarking techniques to determine algorithm performance. Signal processing for each application is tailored by incorporating the phenomenology appropriate to the process, into the algorithms. Pixel signatures are classified using techniques such as principal component analyses, generalized eigenvalue analysis and novel very fast neural network methods. The major hyperspectral imaging systems developed at OKSI include the intelligent missile seeker (IMS) demonstration project for real-time target/decoy discrimination, and the thermal infrared imaging spectrometer (TIRIS) for detection and tracking of toxic plumes and gases. In addition, systems for applications in medical photodiagnosis, manufacturing technology, and for crop monitoring are also under development.
Performance evaluation of the Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel in a LTE network (2013)

In 3GPP LTE Release-11 the Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) has been specified for downlink and uplink radio resource assignment notifications to User Equipments (UEs). EPDCCH has been designed to overcome several limitations of the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) used in LTE Release 8-10. Some of the important design objectives of EPDCCH are: increased capacity for DL and UL assignments by exploiting frequency selectivity and beamforming, greater flexibility of dynamic allocation of control channel resources, and enabling frequency domain inter-cell interference co-ordination in heterogeneous network deployments. In this paper, we compare the performances of PDCCH and the LTE Release-11 EPDCCH by system level simulation. The performance evaluation results indicate that, in low user mobility and frequency-selective channel condition, EPDCCH can derive significant benefits from frequency domain scheduling and UE-specific beamforming; using EPDCCH instead of PDCCH, control channel blocking rate could be reduced, and a significantly larger number of users could be scheduled per subframe.
Representation Learning for Background Music Identification in Television Shows (2019)

Although audio fingerprinting has been widely used in various applications, the performances of audio fingerprinting methods are extremely decreased in case of identifying the background music mixed with speech in TV shows. To solve this, we present an approach to represent embeddings for background music identification using deep convolutional networks. We construct triplet dataset including the original songs, the same songs mixed with voices, and different songs. Then, we train the network with triplet loss function with adaptive margin. By nearest neighbor classifier, the closest embedding is found among the ones of original songs. As comparing top-1 accuracy of music identification, it is shown that our representation learning of the embedding from each music segment mixed with speech has meaningful information for music identification.
The <i>trans</i>‐inhibitory Rep78 protein of adeno‐associated virus binds to TAR region DNA of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat (1995)

The large rep gene products, Rep78 and Rep68, of adeno-associated virus (AAV) are pleiotropic effector proteins which are required for AAV DNA replication and the trans-regulation of AAV gene expression. Apart from these essential functions prerequisite for the life cycle of AAV, these rep products are able to inhibit the replication and gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a number of DNA viruses. Here, it is demonstrated that Rep78, as a chimeric with the maltose binding protein, directly binds the full-length HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), and to a subset of these sequences containing the trans-activation response (TAR) sequence as DNA. These interactions, an effector protein physically binding a target promoter, suggest a direct mechanism of action for Rep78 inhibition. Furthermore, competitive binding studies between the TAR region and the full-length HIV-LTR, strongly suggested that another site(s) within the LTR was also bound by Rep78. Finally, as Rep78 binding is also believed to be affected by secondary structure within the DNA, it was found that Rep78 preferentially binds with HIV-LTR sequences with promoted secondary structure generated by heat denaturation and rapid cooling.
Some Thoughts on the Role of Substantive Due Process in the Federal Constitutional Law of Property Rights Protection (2008)

preme Court handed down two major decisions. 2 The first of these was the famous case of Marbury v. Madison, in which the Court proclaimed the judicial power to review legislation for its constitutionality. 3 The second was the famous (and infamous) decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which declared the Missouri Compromise to be unconstitutional. 4The primary provisions of the Federal Constitution relied upon to authorize this judicial practice have been the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, added to the Constitution in 1791 and 1868 respectively. 5 The text of these provisions prohibits the federal government (Fifth Amendment) and state governments (Fourteenth Amendment) from depriving persons "of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." 6 The concluding five words of these passages-"without due process of law"-suggests the Clauses were intended to provide process rights only.So read, the Clauses would not serve to invalidate governmental deprivations of life, liberty or property so long as those deprivations were accomplished with due process of law.But the Supreme Court has declined to treat the Clauses as if they were purely procedural restraints, a declination that has engendered a good deal of controversy. 7 The Court, rather, has viewed the Clauses as ensuring "the guarantees of the basic social compact," 2. This historical summation intentionally passes over the very early role played by the ex post facto clause and the bill of attainder clause.These two provisions operated to protect property before the Due Process Clause rose to prominence.See gener-
Recent Developments in Microencapsulation of Food Ingredients (2005)

ABSTRACT Microencapsulation involves the incorporation of food ingredients, enzymes, cells, or other materials in small capsules. Microcapsules offer food processors a means with which to protect sensitive food components, ensure against nutritional loss, utilize otherwise sensitive ingredients, incorporate unusual or time-release mechanisms into the formulation, mask or preserve flavors and aromas, and transform liquids into easily handled solid ingredients. Various techniques are employed to form microcapsules, including spray drying, spray chilling or spray cooling, extrusion coating, fluidized-bed coating, liposome entrapment, coacervation, inclusion complexation, centrifugal extrusion, and rotational suspension separation. Recent developments in each of these techniques are discussed in this review. Controlled release of food ingredients at the right place and the right time is a key functionality that can be provided by microencapsulation. A timely and targeted release improves the effectiveness of food additives, broadens the application range of food ingredients, and ensures optimal dosage, thereby improving the cost effectiveness for the food manufacturer. Reactive, sensitive, or volatile additives (vitamins, cultures, flavors, etc.) can be turned into stable ingredients through microencapsulation. With carefully fine-tuned controlled-release properties, microencapsulation is no longer just an added-value technique, but the source of totally new ingredients with matchless properties.
A virtual object manipulation interface for automated assembly programming (2002)

This paper describes the implementation of a novel robotic workcell programming interface that allows an assembly designer to obtain immediate feedback regarding the manufacturability of his design. The interface allows the user to manipulate the three-dimensional CAD/CAM models of the components and "assemble" them into the final product. The computer then analyzes the relevant assembly operations and translates them into low-level commands for the robots in the specific workcell under consideration. This work is motivated by the complexity and time-consuming nature of manually programming flexible assembly cells for the manufacture of different products, particularly when they involve the cooperation of multiple robot manipulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immediate Effects of Monochromatic Infrared Energy on Microcirculation in Healthy Subjects (2012)

A 30-min MIRE produced a significantly greater increase in the CBV and flux of the feet in the active MIRE group than in the placebo and control groups.
General Distribution of the Species Aster Found in Indiana (1931)

This paper does not attempt to deal in a taxonomic way with the problem of species differentiation in the asters, but involves a study of the general distribution of certain species of that genus. In finding the distribution of each of the Indiana species of Aster throughout the United States, adjacent provinces of Canada and Mexico, the question arose as to the relation of the distribution in the state of Indiana to their general distribution in North America; that is, if the species is northern in Indiana, is the distribution northern in North America; if southern in Indiana, is it southern in general, etc.?
Development of a Cradle-to-Grave Approach for Acetylated Acidic Sophorolipid Biosurfactants (2016)

Microbial production of biosurfactants represents one of the most interesting alternatives to classical petrol-based compounds due to their low toxicity, high biodegradability, and biological production processes from renewable bioresources. However, some of the main drawbacks generally encountered are the low productivities and the small number of chemical structures available, which limit widespread application of biosurfactants. Although chemical derivatization of (microbial) biosurfactants offers opportunities to broaden the panel of available molecules, direct microbial synthesis is still the preferred option and the use of engineered strains is becoming a valid alternative. In this multidisciplinary work we show the entire process of conception, upscaling of fermentation (150 L) and sustainable purification (filtration), application (foaming, solubilization, antibacterial), and life cycle analysis of acetylated acidic sophorolipids, directly produced by the Starmerella bombicola esterase knock out yeast strain, rather than purified using chromatography from the classical, but complex, mixture of acidic and lactonic sophorolipids.
Electronic and Ionic Conduction in (Ag<sub><i>x</i></sub>Cu<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>Se (1973)

The phase diagram is studied by X-ray and thermal analyses. The high temperature phase (α) is the solid solution of b.c.c. or f.c.c. in which Ag + , Cu + and electron are mobile. The galvanic cell Ag|AgI|specimen|Pt is available to controle the excess or deficit Ag density and to detect the electrochemical potential of Ag + , since the interdiffusion of Cu + into AgI is nearly forbidden except near Cu 2 Se. With the help of the cell and utilizing the weight-difference between Ag and Cu, the polarization and the interdiffusion are measured and interpreted with the diffusion theory. The electronic and ionic conductivities are measured with varying temperature and x . Further the various properties of α(Ag, Cu) 2 Se such as the conductivity, Hall coefficient, thermoelectric power, thermal conductivity etc. are measured and compared with the theory, indicating that the energy gap decreases with increasing x .
Glucomannan and obesity: a critical review. (2006)

Glucomannan (GM) is a soluble, fermentable, and highly viscous dietary fiber derived from the root of the elephant yam or konjac plant, which is native to Asia. Preliminary evidence suggests that GM may promote weight loss. This review summarizes studies using GM for weight loss as well as studies investigating its mechanisms of action. At doses of 2-4 g per day, GM was well-tolerated and resulted in significant weight loss in overweight and obese individuals. There is some evidence that GM exerts its beneficial effects by promoting satiety and fecal energy loss. Additionally, GM has been shown to improve lipid and lipoprotein parameters and glycemic status. Further investigation of safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action is needed to determine whether GM can help to decrease the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States.