gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Induction of Macrophage Proliferation <i>in Vitro</i> by a Lymphocyte-Produced Factor (1978)

Abstract The studies presented indicate that sensitized guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes release on exposure to antigen a soluble mediator of 35 to 70,000 daltons, which induces proliferation of nonimmune oil-induced, monocyte-derived peritoneal and noninduced alveolar macrophages. Cell counts and nuclear labeling experiments indicate that this proliferation can be effectively assayed under conditions of monolayer culture by tritiated thymidine incorporation. The magnitude and the kinetics of the proliferative response of macrophages in this system are dependent upon the concentration and the time of addition of the soluble mediator. Influences that operate to limit proliferation in this system appear to be high macrophage density, the production of prostaglandin by macrophages, and other mediators present in the lymphokine preparation, such as MIF. We have tentatively termed the active soluble mediator macrophage mitogenic factor (MMF); however, its similarity to a fibroblast-produced macrophage growth factor (MGF) might indicate that, like the interferons, a term like Type II MGF would also be appropriate. The biology of this soluble mediator would appear relevant in terms of the marked proliferation and activation of macrophages known to occur during states of intense T lymphocyte-mediated immunity, as occurs during infection with facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Host Protein Ku70 Binds and Protects HIV-1 Integrase from Proteasomal Degradation and Is Required for HIV Replication (2011)

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is a key viral enzymatic protein acting in several viral replication steps, including integration. IN has been shown to be an unstable protein degraded by the N-end rule pathway through the host ubiquitin-proteasome machinery. However, it is still not fully understood how this viral protein is protected from the host ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells during HIV replication. In the present study, we provide evidence that the host protein Ku70 interacts with HIV-1 IN and protects it from the Lys(48)-linked polyubiquitination proteasomal pathway. Moreover, Ku70 is able to down-regulate the overall protein polyubiquitination level within the host cells and to specifically deubiquitinate IN through their interaction. Mutagenic studies revealed that the C terminus of IN (residues 230-288) is required for IN binding to the N-terminal part of Ku70 (Ku70(1-430)), and their interaction is independent of Ku70/80 heterodimerization. Finally, knockdown of Ku70 expression in both virus-producing and target CD4(+) T cells significantly disrupted HIV-1 replication and rendered two-long terminal repeat circles and integration undetectable, indicating that Ku70 is required for both the early and the late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle. Interestingly, Ku70 was incorporated into the progeny virus in an IN-dependent way. We proposed that Ku70 may interact with IN during viral assembly and accompany HIV-1 IN upon entry into the new target cells, acting to 1) protect IN from the host defense system and 2) assist IN integration activity. Overall, this report provides another example of how HIV-1 hijacks host cellular machinery to protect the virus itself and to facilitate its replication.
College Football Coaches’ Pay and Contracts: Are They Overpaid and Unfairly Treated? (2016)

College football coaches’ employment contracts and compensation garner public attention and scrutiny in much the same way as those of corporate CEOs. In both cases, the public perception is that they must be overpaid and pampered. Economic theory claims that for coaches and CEOs to be overpaid, they must be receiving compensation in excess of the value they create for their organizations. However, both receive pay-for-performance compensation, which structurally aligns their compensation with value creation. This means we need to examine the underlying structure of the contract that gives rise to the observed compensation to determine whether they are appropriately compensated.\nWe compare the employment contracts of Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football coaches with those of corporate CEOs during the period 2005 to 2013. We find that coaches are not overpaid, and their contracts are fairly drawn. We also show that CEO and coach contracts exhibit many common features. These contract features are consistent with what economic theory would predict.
Development of Manganese Build-up Resistant Cermet Coatings for Hearth Rolls (2012)

Agglomerate sintered NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermets were prepared from NiCrAlY alloy and Y2O3 powders. To obtain the coatings, agglomerate sintered NiCrAlY- Y2O3 cermets and three commercially available cermets, CoCrAlY-Y2O3-CrB2, CoNiCrAlYZr-Cr3C2-ZrB2, and CoNiCrAlY-Cr3C2-Y2O3, were thermally sprayed onto stainless steel substrates using a High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) sprayer. These four thermally sprayed coatings' build-up resistances were comparatively evaluated by contacting them with MnO powders and manganese-containing carbon steel. After the reactions were completed, the surface roughness and Mn concentration of the coatings were examined. With a lower Cr concentration in the alloy and the absence of Cr-containing carbide or boride in the cermets, the NiCrAlY-Y2O3 cermet coating had the best manganese build-up resistance.
Stress in Sputtered Films of Near-Equiatomic TiNiX on (100) Si: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stresses and Their Modification by Thermally Activated Mechanisms (2001)

The development of intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in TiNi and TiNiHf thin films, and their relaxation during isochronal and isothermal annealing, has been studied in both crystalline and amorphous materials sputtered onto (100) silicon. The development of intrinsic compressive stress was sensitive to both deposition pressure and temperature, and to film thickness, and was thermally stable below the deposition temperature. Kinetic parameters for isothermal stress relaxation and isothermal crystallization were determined. A two-stage process for both isochronal and isothermal stress relaxation was identified, with an initial stress change governed by a structural modification mechanism characterized by large activation volume and energy, giving way to a slower, diffusion-controlled relaxation mechanism. Tensile stresses developed during isothermal crystallization were found to relax at rates that depended on deviation of the film composition from stoichiometry. The results are important with respect to the deployment of shape-memory thin films in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), in which large extrinsic tensile stresses can be exploited to enable reversible high-energy mechanical actuation.
Mutations in the neurofilament light chain gene (NEFL) cause early onset severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (2003)

Neurofilament light chain polypeptide (NEFL) is one of the most abundant cytoskeletal components of the neuron. Mutations in the NEFL gene were recently reported as a cause for autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2E (CMT2E) linked to chromosome 8p21. In order to investigate the frequency and phenotypic consequences of NEFL mutations, we screened 323 patients with CMT or related peripheral neuropathies. We detected six disease associated missense mutations and one 3-bp in-frame deletion clustered in functionally defined domains of the NEFL protein. Patients have an early onset and often a severe clinical phenotype. Electrophysiological examination shows moderately to severely slowed nerve conduction velocities. We report the first nerve biopsy of a CMT patient with a de novo missense mutation in NEFL, and found an axonal pathology with axonal regeneration clusters and onion bulb formations. Our findings provide further evidence that the clinical variation observed in CMT depends on the gene mutated and the specific type of mutation, and we also suggest that NEFL mutations need to be considered in the molecular evaluation of patients with sporadic or dominantly inherited CMT.
Aloe and its therapeutic use (1998)

Aloe is one of the few medicinal plants that has maintained its popularity for a long period of time. Aloe latex is used for its laxative effect and should be distinguished from aloe gel, used both in cosmetics and ointments for skin ailments. Aloe whole leaf is another preparation used internally as a drink in a wide range of human diseases including cancer, AIDS, ulcerative colitis and other disturbances. The concomitant use of honey may make the aloe whole leaf therapy more palatable and efficient. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<title>Micromachining with ultrashort laser pulses</title> (1999)

Practical high precise and efficient micromachining can be realized with computer controlled ultrashort laser pulses suppressing the thermal diffusion effect inside the material to be ablated. A direct translation from solid to the vapor state takes place at sufficient intensity levels. Experimental results of micromachining of different materials with femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths of 800 nm and 267 nm from a commercial Ti:sapphire laser are presented. Holes down to a diameter below 1 micron have been drilled with 800 nm pulses into aluminum as an interesting metal with an absorption peak in the IR-range nearby 800 nm. Because of their low energy band gap semiconductors have a strong absorption at UV wavelengths. Arrays of holes down to 1 micrometer in diameter have been drilled into silicon and InP using 267 nm pulses. Results of fused silica as an example for transparent insulator materials are compared to result of semiconductors. The hole array manufacturing process takes only a few seconds. Precision can be improved by matching laser parameters to the processed material.
Augmented anti-S 3 antibody responses to an S 3 -protein conjugate. (1971)

Rabbits that had been primed with type III pneumococci (Pn III ) manifested striking anamnestic anti-type-specific polysaccharide (S III ) responses to challenge with a covalent conjugate of S III and bovine γ globulin (BGG) if they had received an intervening immunization with BGG. If no supplemental BGG immunization was given, the S III -BGG complex caused no secondary anti-S III response in primed animals. Furthermore, a single intravenous dose of S III -BGG complex elicited a primary anti-S III antibody response in rabbits. These results were interpreted in the light of cooperative cellular interactions in immune responses. An approach of this sort may be suitable for clinical immunization against a variety of bacterial polysaccharides.
1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as Possible Analytical Reagent (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as Possible Analytical ReagentK. L. Cheng and R. H. BrayCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 5, 782–785Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60101a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60101a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1345Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging Through Mega Gas Clouds with FWI and Q TTI RTM (2016)

We present a complete technical package to tackle the complex wave propagation and anelastic energy losses associated with mega gas clouds. We started by running FWI to resolve the velocity of the shallow gas clouds, followed by reflection tomography. We then conducted FWI-guided Q tomography to obtain high-resolution absorption model. For the deep gas clouds, since their depth and the incurred low signal-to-noise ratio in the CMP gathers are beyond the limit of these geophysical methods, we moved on with geologically-guided scenario testing in intense collaboration with geologists. Finally, we carried out visco-acoustic TTI reverse time migration to better deal with the issues of multi-pathing and strong attenuation. This complete package brings significant uplift to the image as compared to the vintage QPSDM result, and therefore can serve as an effective option before turning to C-wave imaging.
Comparison of UV C Light and Chemicals for Disinfection of Surfaces in Hospital Isolation Units (2006)

Disinfection with UVC light may significantly reduce environmental bacterial contamination and thereby protect the next patient housed in an isolation room. UVC disinfection may not be used alone but is a good addition to chemical disinfection.
Recent Reading (1965)

Recent Reading Get access Ralph Lawrence Ralph Lawrence Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar English: Journal of the English Association, Volume 15, Issue 88, spring 1965, Pages 149-b–153, https://doi.org/10.1093/english/15.88.149-b Published: 01 March 1965
CANSAS delegates aim to resolve software conflicts (1998)

Abstract Representatives from major largescale facilities with SAXS or SANS instruments met at Grenoble from February 4–6, 1998 for the jointly organized (ILL/ESRF/DUBBLE) workshop on Collective Aid for Nomadic Small Angle Scatterers. This was a first attempt to try to alleviate the problems that beset visiting users of these facilities due to differences in the data formats between each facility and existing data analysis software.
Event recognition from photo collections via PageRank (2009)

We propose a method of mining most informative features for the event recognition from photo collections. Our goal is to classify different event categories based on the visual content of a group of photos that constitute the event. Such photo groups are typical in a personal photo collection of different events. Visual features are extracted from the images, yet the features from individual images are often noisy and not all of them represent the distinguishing characteristics of an event. We employ the PageRank technique to mine the most informative features from the images that belong to the same event. Subsequently, we classify different event categories using the multiple images of the same event because we argue that they are more informative about the content of an event rather than any single image. We compare our proposed approach with the standard bag of features method (BOF) and observe considerable improvements in recognition accuracy.
<title>Using human observer eye movements in automatic image classifiers</title> (2001)

We explore the way in which people look at images of different semantic categories and directly relate those results to computational approaches for automatic image classification. Our hypothesis is that the eye movements of human observers differ for images of different semantic categories, and that this information can be effectively used in automatic content-based classifiers. First, we present eye tracking experiments that show the variation in eye movements across different individuals for image of 5 different categories: handshakes, crowd, landscapes, main object in uncluttered background, and miscellaneous. The eye tracking results suggest that similar viewing patterns occur when different subjects view different images in the same semantic category. Using these results, we examine how empirical data obtained from eye tracking experiments across different semantic categories can be integrated with existing computational frameworks, or used to construct new ones. In particular, we examine the Visual Apprentice, a system in which images classifiers are learned form user input as the user defines a multiple level object definition hierarchy based on an object and its parts and labels examples for specific classes. The resulting classifiers are applied to automatically classify new images. Although many eye tracking experiments have been performed, to our knowledge, this is the first study that specifically compares eye movements across categories, and that links category-specific eye tracking results to automatic image classification techniques.
Pulsed Ultrasonic Transit Time Flowmeter (1962)

The difference in effective velocity of sound pulses propagated alternately upstream and downstream through moving blood is a measure of the blood velocity. A blood flowmeter based on this principle has been developed and employed in routine experiments over a period of four years. The travel time of sound pulses passing diagonally through the blood vessel is measured by gating a ramp voltage generator during the transit of each sound pulse from the transmitter crystal to the receiver crystal. The peak voltage attained by the ramp is stored and compared with the peak voltage attained by the subsequent ramp when the direction of propagation is reversed. The cycle is repeated 400 times each second so that a 400 cps carrier is formed. The amplitude of the carrier is proportional to the magnitude of the flow, and the phase of the carrier indicates direction of flow. The total PP noise and long-term drift is less than 7(10)-11sec difference in transit time over a four-hour measurement period, under optimal conditions. Here a demodulator limited the rise time of the instrument to 20 msec. Each upstream-downstream measurement requires only 240 μsec of the total available 2500 μsec, so that a time sharing technique may be used to operate many flowmeters simultaneously without mutual interference. The transducers are light (about 5 grams) and economical to construct.
Novel self-assembling organogelators by combination of a double chain-alkylated l-glutamide and a polymeric head groupElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: table of gel-to-sol transition temperatures for G12-containing polymers; SEM of a xerogel from copoly-G12; temperature dependence of CD spectra of G12-vinyl and copoly-G12; experimental and characterisation data for G12-a, G12-b, G12-vinyl and copoly-G12. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b3/b305928f/ (2003)

This communication introduces a new class of self-assembling organogelators composed of a double chain-alkylated L-glutamide with a polymeric head group.
Angiotensin II Stimulates Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Activation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1D in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1997)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) stimulate intracellular signaling events through binding to their respective G-protein-coupled and growth factor receptors. In rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, IGF I (20 ng/ml) induced a sustained (>30 min) increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of both Src-homology 2 domain-docking insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Src-homology 2-binding tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D). In addition, IGF I stimulated PTP-1D phosphatase activity. Ang II (10(-7) M) also increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 (4-fold), PTP-1D (5-fold), and PTP-1D activity (3-4-fold), but with a more transient time course. Ang II also induced PTP-1D.IRS-1 complex formation. These Ang II-induced events were not affected by preincubation with an anti-IGF I antibody, suggesting that Ang II's actions were not mediated via the autocrine secretion of IGF I. Anti-PTP-1D antibody electroporation attenuated Ang II-induced PTP-1D.IRS-1 complex formation and PTP-1D tyrosine phosphorylation and activation. Our findings show that the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and PTP-1D represents a convergent intracellular signaling cascade stimulated by both growth factor (i.e. IGF I) and G-protein-coupled (i.e. AT1) receptors.
TALEN Knockout of the <i>PSIP1</i> Gene in Human Cells: Analyses of HIV-1 Replication and Allosteric Integrase Inhibitor Mechanism (2014)

LEDGF/p75 dependence is universally conserved in the retroviral genus Lentivirus. Once inside the nucleus, lentiviral preintegration complexes are thought to attach to the chromosome when integrase binds to LEDGF/p75. This tethering process is largely responsible for the 2-fold preference for integration into active genes, but the cofactor's full role in the lentiviral life cycle is not yet clear. Effective knockdowns are difficult because even trace residua of this tightly chromatin-bound protein can support integration cofactor function. Here, in experimentally useful human cell lines, we used TALENs to definitively eradicate LEDGF/p75 by deleting either all of PSIP1 or the exons that code for the integrase binding domain. HIV-1 replication was severely impaired in these PSIP1 knockout cells. Experiments in these cells also excluded a role for LEDGF/p75 in HIV-1 assembly and showed that the main ALLINI mechanism is LEDGF/p75 independent. Site-specific gene targeting of PSIP1 may have therapeutic potential for HIV-1 disease.
Hydroprocessing of Biomass-Derived Oils and Their Blends with Petroleum Feedstocks: A Review (2012)

Concerns over the declining availability of light conventional crude oils coupled with increasing energy demands and growing environmental concerns have sparked a global interest in the use of renewable oils as potential feedstocks for biofuel production. Over the past 2 decades, a considerable number of research studies in the area of renewable oil processing has been conducted around the world. The present review summarizes recent progress in processing biomass-derived oils, such as pyrolysis bio-oils, edible/inedible vegetable oils, and animal fats, and co-processing these oils with petroleum feedstocks using conventional hydroprocessing technologies, such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking. The main focus of this review is to provide an understanding of the effects of biomass feedstocks on process operation, catalyst performance and deactivation, feedstock conversion, and product yield and quality.
Adaptive reduction parallelization techniques (2014)

In this paper, we propose to adapt parallelizing transformations, more specifically, reduction parallelizations, to the actual reference pattern executed by a loop, i.e., to the particular input data and dynamic phase of a program. More precisely we will show how, after validating a reduction at run-time (when this is not possible at compile time) we can dynamically characterize its reference pattern and choose the most appropriate method for parallelizing it. For this purpose, we develop a library of parallel reduction algorithms, including both previously known and novel schemes, which includes algorithms specialized for different classes of access behavior. In particular, each algorithm in our library has identified strengths related to specific reference pattern characteristics, which are matched, at run-time, with measured characteristics of the actual reference pattern. The matching of algorithm to reference pattern is performed using a decision-tree based selection scheme. The contribution of this work consists in new optimizations for reduction parallelization and in the introduction of a new approach to the optimization of irregular applications: Characteristic based customization.