gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIGH-LEVEL POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE MANAGEMENT IN TRAUMA-ASSOCIATED ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (1992)

This study evaluated the effect of high-level positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on mortality, barotrauma, intrapulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt), and oxygen delivery (Do2) in posttraumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All hypoxemic trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in 1989–1990 who received PEEP > 15 cm H2O were included. The PEEP was titrated to achieve an intrapulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt) of approximately 0.20, and Fio2 was weaned to < 0.50. Hemodynamic and pulmonary variables at four distinct intervals were recorded. Fifty-nine patients received PEEP >15 cm H2O. Of these, 19 patients died of severe head injury or uncontrollable hemorrhage (16 within 48 hours). Forty (29 male, 11 female) were evaluated in detail. The PEEP levels ranged from 18–50 cm H2O with a mean of 27. Pao2/Fio2 ratios and Qsp/Qt improved as PEEP therapy was titrated. Cardiac index and oxygen delivery were maintained or improved throughout PEEP therapy by transfusion and fluid resuscitation, with a mean maximum positive fluid balance of 21.1 L and an average of 51 units of blood and blood products transfused per patient during their SICU stay. Twenty-nine (73%) had evidence of barotrauma, the majority being pneumothoraces clearly related to the initial trauma. Only three (7.5%) had evidence of barotrauma not related to trauma or line insertion. Eight of 40 patients (20%) died. M.ean ISS and RTS for the entire group were 32 and 5.88, respectively. We conclude that titration of PEEP to achieve a Qsp/Qt of approximately 0.20 is an attainable goal. This was accomplished with minimal hemodynamic effects or barotrauma and a low mortality rate.
Magnetically Amplified DNA Assays (MADA): Sensing of Viral DNA and Single‐Base Mismatches by Using Nucleic Acid Modified Magnetic Particles (2003)

Taking DNA analysis for a spin: Amplified detection of viral DNA and single-base mutations in nucleic acids is accomplished by the thermally cycled incorporation of biotin labels into DNA replica associated with magnetic particles, by the electrocatalyzed biochemiluminescence transduction of the DNA recognition events, and by the rotation of the magnetic particles on electrode surfaces (see schematic representation).
A novel i-vector framework using multiple features and PCA for speaker recognition in short speech condition (2016)

Speaker recognition in short speech condition is a difficult topic because the length of training and test speech is very short. One of the main disadvantage of the existing methods for speaker recognition is that they need very sufficient data and it's usually impossible in reality applications. In our experiments, the conventional methods with single feature don't make good performance in short speech. We propose a novel i-vector framework using multiple features and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in short speech condition to overcome this difficulty, as multiple features combination can represent more aspects of a speaker. PCA is used to map the multiple features to an uncorrelated and orthogonal basis set to meet the requirements of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with diagonal covariance matrices and i-vector. Improvement from the proposed approach compared to a state-of-the-art system are of roughly 50% relative at equal error rate when evaluated on the telephone conditions from the 2010 NIST speaker recognition evaluation (SRE).
Low power double edge-triggeredflip-flop using one latch (1999)

Low power double edge-triggered flip-flop using one latch A low power double edge-triggered (DET) flip-flop using a single latch is presented. In the proposed circuit, data are sampled into the latch during a short transparency period for each edge of the clock signal. The proposed flip-flop requires small silicon area and has lower power dissipation with respect to previously reported DET flip-flops.
Quorum Activation at a Distance: Spatiotemporal Patterns of Gene Regulation from Diffusion of an Autoinducer Signal (2012)

Quorum sensing (QS) bacteria regulate gene expression collectively by exchanging diffusible signal molecules known as autoinducers. Although QS is often studied in well-stirred laboratory cultures, QS bacteria colonize many physically and chemically heterogeneous environments where signal molecules are transported primarily by diffusion. This raises questions of the effective distance range of QS and the degree to which colony behavior can be synchronized over such distances. We have combined experiments and modeling to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that develop in response to a diffusing autoinducer signal. We embedded a QS strain in a narrow agar lane and introduced exogenous autoinducer at one terminus of the lane. We then measured the expression of a QS reporter as a function of space and time as the autoinducer diffused along the lane. The diffusing signal readily activates the reporter over distances of ~1 cm on time scales of ~10 h. However, the patterns of activation are qualitatively unlike the familiar spreading patterns of simple diffusion, as the kinetics of response are surprisingly insensitive to the distance the signal has traveled. We were able to reproduce these patterns with a mathematical model that combines simple diffusion of the signal with logistic growth of the bacteria and cooperative activation of the reporter. In a wild-type QS strain, we also observed the propagation of a unique spatiotemporal excitation. Our results show that a chemical signal transported only by diffusion can be remarkably effective in synchronizing gene expression over macroscopic distances.
Pathogenic role of natural killer T and natural killer cells in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice is dependent on the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (2008)

These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated effect of DMSO on hepatic NKT and NK cells, suggesting that DMSO should be used cautiously in experiments involving these cells.
A Low-Power Quadrature VCO and Its Application to a 0.6-V 2.4-GHz PLL (2010)

A novel circuit topology of the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) is presented in this paper for low-voltage and low-power applications. With the antiphase coupling provided by the MOSFETs in a passive mode, quadrature output phases can be generated at minimum power consumption while maintaining desirable circuit performance in terms of phase error and phase noise. Based on the proposed QVCO circuit, an integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is implemented in a standard 0.18-¿m CMOS process. As the building blocks are optimized for low-voltage and low-power operations, the fabricated 2.4-GHz PLL consumes a dc power of 14.4 mW from a 0.6-V supply. By applying a reference frequency of 20 MHz, the measured spur rejection and phase noise at 1-MHz offset are 39.83 dB and -104.69 dBc/Hz, respectively. From the output waveforms, the phase error of the quadrature output is 2.21 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> .
Inflammation and Improvement of Depression Following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression (2018)

Levels of IL-6 prior to ECT treatment may be useful in identifying those depressed patients most likely to benefit from ECT treatment. In contrast, acute changes in IL-6 and CRP may reflect spikes in inflammatory response related to the initiation of seizure therapy, but not mood. Assessment of pretreatment inflammatory biomarkers, especially in women, might be useful in guiding treatment decision-making in treatment-resistant depression.
Arterial branching in man and monkey. (1982)

Vessel diameters and branching angles are measured from a large number of arterial bifurcations in the retina of a normal human subject and in that of a rhesus monkey. The results are compared with each other and with theoretical results on this subject.
Molecular pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a clinical perspective. (1996)

Despite a common origin from mature lymphoid cells, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent a surprisingly heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies whose classification is continuously being remodeled. The most recent proposal, the Revised European-American classification, introduces pathogenetic features among the classification criteria. In this respect, knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of NHL, which is based upon genetic lesions leading to activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g. BCL-1, BCL-2, BCL-6, c-MYC) or disruption of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53), is becoming increasingly relevant for the clinician. These lesions combine into multiple molecular pathways which are selectively associated with distinct NHL types. Thus, for example, rearrangements of BCL-1, BCL-2, BCL-6, and c-MYC ar the genetic hallmarks of mantle cell, follicular, diffuse large cell, and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Overall, from clinical perspective, NHL genetic lesions serve three purposes: a) they assist and complement histologic diagnosis; b) they provide a molecular marker with prognostic relevance; c) they allow evaluation of minimal residual disease through highly specific and highly sensitive technologies.
ChiLin: a comprehensive ChIP-seq and DNase-seq quality control and analysis pipeline (2016)

ChiLin is a scalable and powerful tool to process large batches of ChIP-seq and DNase-seq datasets. The analysis output and quality metrics have been structured into user-friendly directories and reports. We have successfully compiled 23,677 profiles into a comprehensive quality atlas with fine classification for users.
Low angle forward reflected neutral beam source and its applications (2008)

As one of the many nano-device fabrication techniques employed in the semiconductor industry, neutral beams are being examined using various methods to solve possible charge-related problems that occur during device processing. This review introduces a neutral beam generated by surface neutralization of an ion beam using a low angle forward reflection technique and explains its application to various areas such as surface treatments and etching. The neutralization efficiency of an ion beam using a low angle forward reflection technique was approximately 99.7%. When a metal-oxide-semiconductor device was etched using a reactive neutral beam, it was confirmed that charge-related problems such as aspect-ratio-dependent etching and gate oxide charging could be removed using reactive neutral beam etching instead of conventional reactive ion etching. Neutral beams can be beneficial to other devices such as the III-V device and field emission device.
Epilepsy surgery in patients with malformations of cortical development (2006)

Patients with focal epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development are often intractable to medical management. Resective epilepsy surgery can be beneficial, particularly for patients with focal cortical dysplasia and unilateral hemispheric malformations.
Direct induction of CCK and GLP‐1 release from murine endocrine cells by intact dietary proteins (2010)

This study showed that specific intact, or partially digested proteins, in contrast to protein-hydrolysates and synthetic-peptides, stimulated hormone release. We conclude that intact proteins exert strong effects on satiety hormone release, and may therefore provide potent dietary supplements for prevention or treatment of obesity.
Stability, Load Capacity, Stiffness, and Damping Advantages of the Double Pocket Journal Bearing (1985)

The double pocket bearing design is discussed and compared to the plain three axial groove bearing. Rigid rotor stability, load capacity, and stiffness and damping curves are shown for the two bearing designs illustrating the stability and load capacity advantages of the double pocket bearing. Results show that placing double opposing stepped pockets in the top pads of a three axial groove bearing is a simple, inexpensive, expedient modification that is effective in suppressing oil whirl instability. Furthermore, the bottom plain pad retains the load carrying capacity of the original three axial groove design. Frequency spectrums substantiating the stabilizing ability of the double pocket design are shown for a test stand instability problem.
Abstract 5625: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacology of MEDI-565 (MT111), a novel CEA/CD3-bispecific single-chain BiTE antibody in development for the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (2010)

Abstract MEDI-565 (MT111) is a novel bispecific single-chain antibody of the BiTE (Bispecific T cell engager) class that transiently links carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on cancer cells with human CD3 on T cells. MEDI-565 specifically binds to human CEA with an affinity of 8.5 nM but not to any other member of the CEACAM family. In targeted expression studies on cryopreserved and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, MEDI-565 demonstrated membrane-localized binding specifically to epithelial cells in human cancerous tissues. The highest prevalence of MEDI-565 binding (∼90%) was in adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal origin. In in vitro killing assays, MEDI-565 recruited T cells via the CD3 antigen (affinity of 310 nM) in a process that required concomitant binding to CEA positive tumor cells for T cell activation. As a consequence, T cells expanded, increased cell surface expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, and released perforin and granzymes. The release of cytotoxic granule content led to a Ca2+-dependent activation of pro-caspases and subsequent apoptosis of CEA-expressing tumor cells. Efficient target cell lysis by MEDI-565 was predominantly mediated by CD8+ T cells and occurred within a wide range of effector-to-target ratios (80:1 to 5:1) for T cells derived from various human donors. BiTE mediated killing was not affected by the presence of soluble CEA (≤5 µg/mL). The in vivo activity of MEDI-565 was investigated in subcutaneous xenograft models using immunocompromised SCID mice inoculated with mixtures of human T cells and human cancer cell lines. The antibody was eliminated from the serum with a half-life of a few hours following a single intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Despite a relatively short serum half-life, daily IV or SC bolus treatments over 5 days provided sufficient levels of exposure to inhibit the growth of CEA-positive tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of growth was observed for tumors of different tissue origins and was dependent on the presence of human T cells and CEA expression by tumor cells. There were no MEDI-565-related in-life observations following treatment. These studies demonstrated that MEDI-565 has potent and selective anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo and provides evidence that MEDI-565 may be an effective monotherapy to treat CEA-expressing malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5625.
Spatial heterogeneity of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in nonbeating guinea pig ventricular myocytes. (1990)

The spatial distribution of intracellular Ca2+ concentration was determined by fluorescent digital imaging microscopy in fura-2-loaded quiescent cardiac myocytes isolated from guinea pig ventricle. Fluorescent ratio images revealed discrete as well as clustered bright fluorescent spots ("hot spots"), which occupied approximately 20-50% of an individual cell's area. The fluorescent intensity and the area of the hot spots were increased by agents that deplete Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely, ryanodine (20-40 nM) and caffeine (5-15 mM). However, when cells were exposed to agents that deplete mitochondrial Ca2+, such as the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP, 100-300 nM), or the inhibitor of electron transport, antimycin A (4-40 nM), the fluorescent intensity and the area of the hot spots were reduced. These results indicate that the spatial distribution of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the ventricular myocytes of guinea pig is quite heterogeneous. The ability of CCCP and antimycin A, but not of caffeine and ryanodine, to reduce the fluorescent intensity in the hot spots implies that Ca2+ compartmentation in the mitochondria is largely responsible for the intracellular Ca2+ heterogeneity seen in the present study.
Trabecular Bone Gradient in Rat Long Bone Metaphyses: Mathematical Modeling and Application to Morphometric Measurements and Correction of Implant Positioning (2007)

We show the feasibility of modeling trabecular bone structures using mathematical tools. Such modeling may be used as an experimental tool. Moreover, if proven applicable to human skeletal structures, it may be further developed for the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases and evaluation of therapeutic measures.
A new scanning thermometer (1971)

A new thermographic apparatus is described. Present infrared techniques have been employed together with a novel optical scanner and a calibrated electronic digital readout system to produce a fast scanning radiometer capable of reading black-body temperatures at the rate of 15000 values per second. The range covered is 27.8-37.4 degrees C in 0.2 deg C steps, or in simultaneous multiple isothermal increments of 1 deg C. The scanning time is 1 s for a field of view 37 cm*30 cm with a spatial resolution of 3 mm. The scanner is fixed focus with a depth of field of about +or-5 cm. The recording error due to mirror variations is less than 0.2 deg C and the noise equivalent temperature less still. A stability of 0.2 deg C has been achieved. The application of this instrument to the assessment of static thermal patterns and dynamic variations is discussed with particular reference to its potential value in medicine.
Dimethyl fumarate dosing in humans increases frataxin expression: A potential therapy for Friedreich’s Ataxia (2019)

Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder resulting from decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, for which there is no approved therapy. High throughput screening of clinically used drugs identified Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as protective in FA patient cells. Here we demonstrate that DMF significantly increases frataxin gene (FXN) expression in FA cell model, FA mouse model and in DMF treated humans. DMF also rescues mitochondrial biogenesis deficiency in FA-patient derived cell model. We further examined the mechanism of DMF's frataxin induction in FA patient cells. It has been shown that transcription-inhibitory R-loops form at GAA expansion mutations, thus decreasing FXN expression. In FA patient cells, we demonstrate that DMF significantly increases transcription initiation. As a potential consequence, we observe significant reduction in both R-loop formation and transcriptional pausing thereby significantly increasing FXN expression. Lastly, DMF dosed Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients showed significant increase in FXN expression by ~85%. Since inherited deficiency in FXN is the primary cause of FA, and DMF is demonstrated to increase FXN expression in humans, DMF could be considered for Friedreich's therapy.
Evaluation of Eye Irritation Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> by <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Method (2012)

The present paper is an attempt to investigate the eye irritation potential of aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera by in vitro, Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test (HET-CAM) and in vivo acute eye irritation test in rabbits. The irritation score (IS) obtained after treatment of the extract on HET-CAM is 0.07 and that of in rabbits is 0.55, Which does not comes under either category 1 or 2 as per the harmonized integrated classification system. The aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera showed no eye irritation properties both in vitro and in vivo methods when compared with negative control whereas positive controls showed eye irritation potential.
A Space-Efficient Caching Mechanism for Flash-Memory Address Translation (2006)

While flash memory has been widely adopted for various embedded systems, space efficiency with reasonable performance has become a critical issue for the design of the flash-memory translation layer. The target of this paper is to improve the performance of existing designs by proposing a search-tree-like caching mechanism for efficient address translation. A replacement strategy with a low time complexity is presented to monitor the access status of recently used LBA's. The proposed caching mechanism and replacement strategy were shown being highly effective in the reducing of the address translation time over popular translation layer designs, such as NAND, where realistic workloads were used for experiments.
<title>Reliability of optical connectors and splices</title> (1994)

Although current splices and connectors are proving to be quite reliable there is definite room for improvement. The major issue in reliability is continuing quality assurance of the assembly processes. We need connectors that do not generate debris as they are coupled. Connectors must latch positively and they must retain physical contact throughout the range of environmental conditions to which they are exposed. We also need a better understanding of the processes that determine the reliability of the reflectance performance: bonding of the fibers into the ferrule, and polishing.
Carrier-transport-enhanced CMOS using new channel materials and structures (2007)

While the mobility is still an important parameter to describe the current drive under sub-100 nm regime, the reduction in the effective mass is more essential in increasing the on-current under ballistic or near-ballistic transport. When applying those technologies to future technology nodes, we need to take into account the following issues; (1) successive increase in carrier transport properties with a progression in technology nodes, (2) individual optimization of nMOS and pMOS channel structures and (3) compatibility with multi-gate structures. This paper reviews our recent results on these carrier-transport-enhanced CMOS structures on the Si platform for future high performance and low power LSIs.
A New Model of Plan Recognition (2013)

We present a new abductive, probabilistic theory of plan recognition. This model differs from previous plan recognition theories in being centered around a model of plan execution: most previous methods have been based on plans as formal objects or on rules describing the recognition process. We show that our new model accounts for phenomena omitted from most previous plan recognition theories: notably the cumulative effect of a sequence of observations of partially-ordered, interleaved plans and the effect of context on plan adoption. The model also supports inferences about the evolution of plan execution in situations where another agent intervenes in plan execution. This facility provides support for using plan recognition to build systems that will intelligently assist a user.
High Diffuse Reflectivity of Nanoporous GaN Distributed Bragg Reflector Formed by Electrochemical Etching (2013)

A GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based on nanoporous GaN was fabricated by doping selective electrochemical etching. Twenty-one pairs of undoped-GaN/n-GaN were grown and only n-GaN was converted into a nanoporous layer during the etching. From spectral reflectance measurement, clear stopbands were observed, but the maximum reflectivity was limited to 87% at ∼450 nm in specular reflection geometry. It was attributed to significant scattering in the DBR caused by the non-uniform formation of nanopores. However, the diffuse reflectivity of nanoporous DBR was much higher (∼100%), which could be advantageous for a diffuse reflection mirror in a light-emitting diode.