gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiautomatic Structural BIM-Model Generation Methodology Using CAD Construction Drawings (2020)

Limited to the current building information model (BIM) development stage, many engineers are still using CAD 2D drawings for top-down design, and then using drawings to generate BIM models for BIM-related applications. As the manual method of creating a semantic-rich BIM model is time consuming and could cause model defects, engineers are reluctant to apply the semantic-rich BIM model. To solve this problem, a semiautomatic methodology is proposed to generate a semantic-rich structural BIM model from two-dimensional (2D) computer-aided design (CAD) drawings. First, it uses the information classified by CAD layers to generate geometric models of beams, slabs, and columns. Then, the semantic information is appropriately structured and stored in the corresponding element models. Finally, the feasibility of this methodology is verified with two case studies of frame structures. The case studies show that this method can quickly and accurately create a structural BIM model with many elements that reflect the structural details described in the construction drawings. Nearly all text information in the construction drawings is accurately imported into the structural BIM model, and additional parameter spaces are reserved to facilitate the expansion of building information. The engineers in charge of creating a BIM model could benefit from this proposed methodology.
Polymer Mechanical Properties via a New Laboratory Tensile Tester (1996)

A laboratory tensile testing device has been developed, which allows quick and inexpensive measurements of tensile properties of polymeric materials in a uni-axial mode. The device is mostly for instructive purposes and is not necessarily precise enough to collect research mechanical property data. But it is excellent to expose students, in a hands-on fashion, to measuring properties and understanding terms, such as , modulus or stiffness, tensile strength, strain, stress/strain plots, Poisson's ratio, yield, etc. These properties are fairly common to material scientists, mechanical engineers, physicists, polymer chemists, but generally not traditional chemists(non-polymer). As written, this experiment and the associated device can be used extensively as an active laboratory experience to teach stress/strain fundamentals.
Still image copy detection algorithm robust to basic image modifications (2008)

Abstract- The paper presents a method for content based still-image replica detection. This method uses a compact image signature which depends on image content and is invariant to many widely used image processing techniques, such as lossy compression, resizing, resampling, color enhancements and simple rotations. The signature is designed to be usable in big image database: it has small size (a few dozen bytes), the extraction is fast and the comparison of image signatures is very fast. More than milion of image signatures per second can be compared on a modern PC. Usage of the method within a framework for Digital Rights Infringements Detection in the World Wide Web is also discussed.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Fuel Contaminated Sand and Soil. I. Preliminary Results and Calibration Study (1998)

Regional areas may be contaminated by the past activities of the chemical and oil industries and of the military. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to test the possibilities of near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for direct detection and determination of oil and fuel contaminations. If reliable results are obtained NIR reflectance spectroscopy could be a valuable part of land remediation processes. Preliminary investigations showed that it is possible to distinguish samples of stone chippings, sand, cultivated soil, humus and potting soil by multivariate data analysis. After spiking with gasoline, diesel, motor oil and synthetic hydrocarbon mixtures (BTEX) sand rather than cultivated soil shows obvious spectral absorptions due to contaminations higher than 1% (w/w). The influence of particle size fractions has been investigated in detail using dry sand sieved to < 500 μm (fine), 500–800 μm (medium) and >800 μm (coarse). Contaminations in fine and medium fractions often can be modelled with only one intensity at sufficiently low calibration error, SEC. With coarse fractions SEC is three times higher. Models based on derivative spectra have no significant advantage. In general, mean centring results in more pronounced error minima than multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). Partial least squares (PLS) models can be fitted to obtain any wanted SEC even by cross-validation. For comparable SEC, PLS models in general do not need more factors if samples become more inhomogeneous. Data pre-processing techniques such as Kubelka–Munk transformation, Saunderson correction, MSC and combinations thereof have been tested. Adequate sample variation of the diffuse reflectance fraction of detected light according to the Saunderson model could improve the performance of calibration models. The best values for standard error of prediction, SEP, are obtained if calibration models are derived from sets of spectra of sieved samples and used for contamination prediction of natural samples, and not vice versa. Spectra of contaminated soil and humus need cleverer spectral selection and pre-processing for better performance of calibration models.
gsk Disruption Leads to Guanosine Accumulation in Escherichia coli (2001)

We tried some improvement of inosine production using an inosine-producing mutant of Escherichia coli which is deficient in purF (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase gene), purA (succinyl-adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) synthetase gene), deoD (purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene), purR (purine repressor gene) and add (adenosine deaminase gene), and harboring the desensitized PRPP amidotransferase gene as a plasmid. The guaB (inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase gene) disruption brought about a slightly positive effect on the inosine productivity. Alternatively, the gsk (guanosine-inosine kinase gene) disruption caused a considerable amount of guanosine accumulation together with a slight increase in the inosine productivity. The further addition of guaC (guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) reductase gene) disruption did not lead to an increased guanosine accumulation, but brought about the decrease of inosine accumulation.
Improvement of receptor‐mediated gene delivery to HepG2 cells using an amphiphilic gelling agent (2000)

Gene transfer was performed using asialo-oroso-mucoid-polylysine (ASOR-PL) conjugates to allow targeted expression of the gene in cells of hepatic origin. In a gel-electrophoretic analysis, the ASOR-PL conjugate produced a complete DNA retardation effect at the optimal ratio of 222:1 (ASOR-PL conjugate/pCMV beta-gal plasmid). The gene-transfer efficiency of the ASOR-PL conjugate was evaluated in HepG2 cells that express asialoglycoprotein receptor and NIH 3T3 cells that do not. The expression was assayed by 5-bromo-4-chloroindol-3-yl beta-D-galactopyranoside ('X-Gal') staining and Chlorophenol Red beta-D-galactopyranoside. When an expression vector for the tumour-suppressor gene p53, pCMVp53, complexed to ASOR-PL conjugate, was transfected into HepG2 cells, the exogenously provided p53 gene was detected in the HepG2 cells by PCR. To improve the efficiency of DNA delivery and expression of the therapeutic proteins poloxamer 407, a fusogenic peptide, influenza-virus haemagglutinin HA2 and chloroquine were individually incorporated into the system. The expression level of beta-galactosidase in HepG2 cells was increased by about four times by the presence of poloxamer 407, whereas the fusogenic peptide HA2 and chloroquine had no effects. When HepG2 cells were transfected with pCMVp53 in the presence of poloxamer 407, the mRNA of transfected p53 could be detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. The current findings open the possibility that a receptor-mediated gene-delivery system for hepatic gene therapy using ASOR-PL conjugate in combination with poloxamer 407 may be developed in the future.
Reactions of t-Butyl Hydroperoxide with Olefins (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of t-Butyl Hydroperoxide with OlefinsWilliam F. Brill and Norman IndictorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 3, 710–713Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01026a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01026a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of One-Dimensional Potassium Tungsten Bronze with Excellent near-Infrared Absorption Property (2011)

Potassium tungsten oxide nanofibers were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction route in the presence of sulfate. After reduction under a reductive atmosphere of H(2)(5 vol %)/N(2), the potassium tungsten oxide transformed to potassium tungsten bronze. Because of the lack of free electrons, the potassium tungsten oxide (K(x)WO(3+x/2)) showed no NIR shielding performance; however, the potassium tungsten bronze (K(x)WO(3)) showed promising optical characteristics such as high transmittance for visible light, as well as high shielding performance for near-infrared lights, indicating its potential application as a solar filter. Meanwhile, the potassium tungsten bronze (K(x)WO(3)) showed strong absorption of near-infrared light and instantaneous conversion of photoenergy to heat.
Amines, Aliphatic (2015)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. General Chemical Properties 2.1. Salt Formation 2.2. Conversion to Carboxamides 2.3. Conversion to Sulfonamides 2.4. Reaction with Carbonyl Compounds 2.5. Reaction with Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Disulfide 2.6. Reaction with Epoxides 2.7. Alkylation 2.8. Formation of Isocyanates and Ureas 2.9. Reaction with Acrylonitrile 2.10. Formation of Isonitriles 2.11. Oxidation 2.12. Dealkylation 3. General Production Methods 3.1. Production from Alcohols 3.2. Production from Carbonyl Compounds 3.3. Production from Nitriles 3.4. Production from Alkyl Halides 3.5. Production from Nitro Compounds 3.6. Production from Olefins 3.7. Other Processes 4. Lower Alkylamines 4.1. Physical Properties 4.2. Storage and Transportation 4.3. Quality Specifications and Analysis 4.4. Production 4.5. Uses 4.6. Economic Aspects 5. Cycloalkylamines 6. Cyclic Amines 7. Fatty Amines 7.1. Properties 7.2. Production 7.3. Analysis and Quality Control 7.4. Uses 7.5. Economic Aspects 8. Diamines and Polyamines 8.1. Diamines Diaminoethane 8.1.1. Diaminopropanes 8.1.2. Higher Diamines 8.2. Oligoamines and Polyamines 8.2.1. Physical Properties 8.2.2. Chemical Properties 8.2.3. Production, Analysis, and Uses 9. Chiral Amines 10. Toxicology and Occupational Health 10.1. General Aspects 10.2. Toxicology of Specific Amines 10.2.1. Alkylamines, Cyclic Amines, and Polyamines 10.2.2. Fatty Amines
Laser-Assisted Chemical And Morphological Modification Of Metallic Substrates (1986)

The synthesis of silicon nitride surface layers on metal substrates by laser-activated deposition of organometallic precursors has been demonstrated. Advantages of this technique include high deposition rates, constancy of composition, and avoidance of toxic or pyrophor ic reactants. The uniform morphology surface layers of up to 20μm thickness contained 2000 Å diameter particles of amorphous silicon nitride. Auger electron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy revealed there to be oxygen contamination at the surface. Attainment of a uniform morphology required a specific set of processing conditions. The presence of residual Si-CH<sub>3 </sub>bonds within the layers was shown to be reduced by subsequent laser heating. Suggestions are made for obtaining Si3N4 layers of improved purity, also for extending this approach by using a variety of organometallic precursors to obtain SiC and Si0<sub><sub>2</sub></sub> layers.
Dendritische Eisenporphyrine mit kovalent fixierten axialen Liganden: neue Modellsysteme für Cytochrome (1999)

Der quantitative Nachweis des Einflusses einer isolierenden Dendrimerhülle auf die Redoxeigenschaften eines eingelagerten Eisenporphyrinkerns ließ sich erstmals mit den schematisch dargestellten wasserlöslichen dendritischen Komplexen mit kovalent fixierten axialen Imidazol-Liganden führen. Damit sind diese Komplexe, deren Redoxpotentiale chemisch und elektrochemisch in Lösungsmitteln unterschiedlicher Polarität (CH2Cl2, MeCN, H2O) bestimmt wurden, aussagekräftige Modellverbindungen für Cytochrome.
Workload-aware lifetime Trojan based on statistical aging manipulation (2017)

Due to escalating complexity of hardware design and manufacturing, not only are integrated circuits (ICs) designed and fabricated in multiple nations, but also software tools may be supplied worldwide. It makes hardware security become more subject to various kinds of tampering in the supply chain. Hardware Trojan horses (HTHs) can be implanted to facilitate the leakage of confidential information or cause the failure of a system. Reliability Trojan is one of the main categories of HTH attacks because its behavior is progressive and is thus not trivial to be detected, or not considered malicious. In this work, we propose to insert reliability Trojan into a circuit which can finely controls the circuit lifetime as specified by attackers (or even designers), based on manipulating BTI-induced aging behavior in a statistical manner. Experimental results show that, given a specified lifetime target, the resulting lifetime can mostly be bounded within 90% ~ 110% of the target. Instead, in a typical design considering pessimistic corners, the resulting lifetime is usually far longer than the target.
NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING OF THE STAR-FORMING REGIONS SH2-157 AND SH2-152 (2009)

Near-infrared JHK' and H2 v = 1–0 S (1) imaging observations of the star-forming regions Sh2-157 and Sh2-152 are presented. The data reveal a cluster of young stars associated with H2 line emission in each region. Additionally, many IR point sources are found in the dense core of each molecular cloud. Most of these sources exhibit infrared color excesses typical of T Tauri stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, and protostars. Several display the characteristics of massive stars. We calculate histograms of the K'-magnitude and [H − K'] color for all sources, as well as two-color and color–magnitude diagrams. The stellar populations inside and outside the clusters are similar, suggesting that these systems are rather evolved. Shock-driven H2 emission knots are also detected, which may be related to evident subclusters in an earlier evolutionary stage.
Determination of Physiological Length of a Reconstructed Muscle-Tendon Unit through Muscle Stimulation (1965)

The thesis has been considered that the visual pattern of finger motion produced by faradic stimulation at surgery can serve as a guide for the correct adjustment of the length of a reconstructed muscle-tendon unit within the stimulated synergistic muscle group. Experimental studies performed in eighty-five subjects indicated that muscle tone varies under many conditions, but the relative tone of synergistic muscles of the fingers remains the same. Therefore, the strength of faradic stimulation required to produce a normal range of motion in a functional muscle-tendon unit is the correct strength to evaluate the function of a reconstructed muscle-tendon unit from the same synergistic muscle group. Faradic stimulation of synergistic muscles during surgery was studied in twenty-nine patients. Eight had isolated tendon lacerations in otherwise normal hands. The stimulation technique was not precise enough to equate finger-force or correct minor variations in the are of finger motion. However, in twenty-one hands in which graceful effortless motion had been lost after multiple complicated injuries, faradic stimulation provided a reproducible visual reference for reconstructing functional hands.
A quality monitoring program for red blood cell components: in vitro quality indicators before and after implementation of semiautomated processing (2014)

While overall quality was similar before and after the production method change, the observed differences, although small, indicate a lack of equivalency across RBC products manufactured by different methods.
Lordship and inheritance in early medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura sōryō system. By Jeffrey P. Mass. pp. xii, 332, map. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1989. US $38.50. (1990)

Lordship and inheritance in early medieval Japan: a study of the Kamakura sōryō system. By Jeffrey P. Mass. pp. xii, 332, map. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1989. US $38.50. - Volume 122 Issue 2
Asymmetric capillary membrane of a carbon molecular sieve (1995)

K. Haraya, H. Suda, H. Yanagishita and S. Matsuda, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 1781 DOI: 10.1039/C39950001781
An antisense transcript spanning the CGG repeat region of FMR1 is upregulated in premutation carriers but silenced in full mutation individuals (2007)

Expansion of the polymorphic CGG repeats within the 5'-UTR of the FMR1 gene is associated with variable transcriptional regulation of FMR1. Here we report a novel gene, ASFMR1, overlapping the CGG repeat region of FMR1 and transcribed in the antisense orientation. The ASFMR1 transcript is spliced, polyadenylated and exported to the cytoplasm. Similar to FMR1, ASFMR1 is upregulated in individuals with premutation alleles and is not expressed from full mutation alleles. Moreover, it exhibits premutation-specific alternative splicing. Taken together, these observations suggest that in addition to FMR1, ASFMR1 may contribute to the variable phenotypes associated with the CGG repeat expansion.
Pharmacological targets in the ubiquitin system offer new ways of treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases (2011)

Recent advances in the development and discovery of pharmacological interventions within the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have uncovered an enormous potential for possible novel treatments of neurodegenerative disease, cancer, immunological disorder and microbial infection. Interference with proteasome activity, although initially considered unlikely to be exploitable clinically, has already proved to be very effective against haematological malignancies, and more specific derivatives that target subsets of proteasomes are emerging. Recent small-molecule screens have revealed inhibitors against ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes, many of which have been evaluated for their potential use as therapeutics, either as single agents or in synergy with other drugs. Here, we discuss recent advances in the characterisation of novel UPS modulators (in particular, inhibitors of ubiquitin-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes) and how they pave the way towards new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of proteotoxic disease, cancer and microbial infection.
<title>Joint Transform Correlator Limitations</title> (1989)

A Joint Transform Correlator which uses inexpensive liquid crystal televisions as spatial light modulators has been constructed. The advantages that this architecture offers over the Vander Lugt matched filter type correlator will be examined. The disadvantages shared by both architectures, as well as some constraints unique to the Joint Transform configuration, will also be discussed.
Chemical vapor deposition experiments using new fluorinated acetylacetonates of calcium, strontium, and barium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical vapor deposition experiments using new fluorinated acetylacetonates of calcium, strontium, and bariumA. P. Purdy, A. D. Berry, R. T. Holm, M. Fatemi, and D. K. GaskillCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 14, 2799–2803Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00313a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00313a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the efficiency of the elliptic curve cryptosystem for multi-applications smart card (2002)

For the development of the multi-application smart card, the memory capacity of the chip is not big enough to store the larger and complex programs needed for the multi-applications operating system and the protocol codes of the cryptography algorithm of large integers. The elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) potentially provides equivalent security to existing public key schemes but with much shorter key lengths. This paper considers the efficiency of the ECC in the design of multi-application smart cards and describes the problems of the smaller memory met in public key cryptosystems for multi-application smart card. The ElGamal and ECC algorithms are compared, where the modeling of the cryptosystem clearly shows the source of the efficiency of the ECC algorithm as a basis for achieving the required processing efficiency for future applications.
The Challenges of Technology Research for Developing Regions (2006)

The work we've done in the world's developing regions has been immensely rewarding and helped make us all strong advocates for technology. The first reward is simply the experience of these countries, their surprising happiness, and the technology insights that come from being there. The deeper reward is of course actually helping people by creating new options through technology. However, we encountered a wide range of technical, environmental, and cultural challenges that are outside the scope of typical computer science research. In this article, we share some of our experiences with the hope of increasing understanding of these issues. We also hope to help others, particularly researchers from outside these regions, to avoid our mistakes. We document real challenges, try to generalize them, and suggest steps that might at least mitigate the problems.