gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in the NSTX/NSTX-U lithium programme and prospects for reactor-relevant liquid-lithium based divertor development (2013)

Developing a reactor-compatible divertor has been identified as a particularly challenging technology problem for magnetic confinement fusion. Application of lithium (Li) in NSTX resulted in improved H-mode confinement, H-mode power threshold reduction, and other plasma performance benefits. During the 2010 NSTX campaign, application of a relatively modest amount of Li (300 mg prior to the discharge) resulted in a ∼50% reduction in heat load on the liquid lithium divertor (LLD) attributable to enhanced divertor bolometric radiation. These promising Li results in NSTX and related modelling calculations motivated the radiative LLD concept proposed here. Li is evaporated from the liquid lithium (LL) coated divertor strike-point surface due to the intense heat flux. The evaporated Li is readily ionized by the plasma due to its low ionization energy, and the poor Li particle confinement near the divertor plate enables ionized Li ions to radiate strongly, resulting in a significant reduction in the divertor heat flux. This radiative process has the desired effect of spreading the localized divertor heat load to the rest of the divertor chamber wall surfaces, facilitating the divertor heat removal. The LL coating of divertor surfaces can also provide a ‘sacrificial’ protective layer to protect the substrate solid material from transient high heat flux such as the ones caused by the edge localized modes. By operating at lower temperature than the first wall, the LL covered large divertor chamber wall surfaces can serve as an effective particle pump for the entire reactor chamber, as impurities generally migrate towards lower temperature LL divertor surfaces. To maintain the LL purity, a closed LL loop system with a modest circulating capacity (e.g., ∼1 l s−1 for ∼1% level ‘impurities’) is envisioned for a steady-state 1 GW-electric class fusion power plant.
The role of Δ40P53 in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest after DNA damage (2013)

Objective To investigate the role of Δ40P53 in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest after DNA damage in HCT116 p53-/-cell, to identify the difference between Δ40P53 and wild-type P53. Methods Luciferase reporter gene and immunoblotting were used to detect transcriptional activity and expression of Δ40P53 after DNA damage; flow cytometry was used to confirm cell cycle arrest after DNA damage, lactate dehydrogenase detection was used to analyze cell apoptosis after DNA damage, then biological functions of Δ40P53 was analyzed. Results The bax and p21 promoters activityhad 3-5 folds higher in MMS stress than no stress at HCT116 p53+/+. However, bax and p21 promoters activity had no significant difference between MMS and no-MMS stress at HCT116 p53-/-cells; immuno-blotting showed that Δ40P53 was keep in high level in both no-MMS and MMS stress and wtP53 was induced over expression by MMS; HCT116 p53-/-and HCT116 p53+/+ cells were treated with 50 μg/ml MMS for 24 h and then cell death was detected by LDH method,52.2% of HCT116 p53+/+cells died, while only 32.5% of HCT116 p53-/-cells died, with significant difference (t =84.2,P0.05); flow cytometry showed that 88% of HCT116 p53-/-cell went into G2/S phase after cells were treated by DNA damage agent-MMS, only 66% of HCT116 p53+/+ cell went into G2/S phase after cells were treated by DNA damage agent-MMS. Conclusion Δ40P53 in HCT116 p53-/-cells failed to induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest following MMS stress.
Policy modeling and compliance verification in enterprise software systems: A survey (2012)

During the past few years we are witnessing a paradigm shift in enterprise computing, from the classic host-based service-oriented architecture pattern, to a more complex or elastic computing pattern that facilitates the provision of on-demand computing resources. This new computing paradigm offers numerous advantages but also, poses significant challenges. Advantages are related to the flexibility service providers have on deploying virtual resources on as-needed-basis, providing thus opportunities for large scale computing capabilities, while limiting the total cost of ownership. However, these benefits come at the cost of the user partially losing control over the deployed resources and the cost managing platforms and applications that are now provisioned at an unprecedented rate and interaction complexity. In order to address the above challenges, a service management and service assurance framework is required, whereby policies should be formally modeled, and consequently be verified against runtime system behavior models. In this paper, we survey a number of policy modeling and policy compliance verification techniques and we propose a corresponding basic taxonomy for these.
Generation of a Precise Binary Logarithm with Difference Grouping Programmable Logic Array (1985)

The design algorithm of a differential group programmable logic array (DGPLA) to generate the precise binary logarithm function is suggested. It can reach an optimal condition such that the number of bits in a PLA is minimized, while the error is still kept as small as possible. Thus, the space in the PLA is saved, estimated at only 15.94 percent of the space for a readonly memory (ROM) counterpart.
Evaluation of a new product for sutureless skin closure. (1980)

Op-Site skin closures, a new product for sutureless skin closure, were used on 100 patients undergoing a wide variety of major surgical procedures. The results showed that, provided that the underlying fat and muscle layers were closed meticulously to eliminate dead space, these skin closures maintained wound-edge apposition satisfactorily to produce an excellent cosmetic appearance to the final scar with the added advantages of a low incidence of infection, quicker application, and improved patient acceptability compared with conventional suturing techniques.
Preparation of chromatographic supports of variable ligand density (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of chromatographic supports of variable ligand densityMary E. Landgrebe, Danlin. Wu, and Rodney R. WaltersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 8, 1607–1611Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00121a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00121a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Global Sensitivity Analysis of Stochastic Computer Models with Generalized Additive Models (2007)

Global sensitivity analysis, used to quantify the influence of uncertain input parameters on the response variability of a numerical model, is applicable to deterministic computer codes (for which the same set of input parameters gives always the same output value). This paper proposes a global sensitivity analysis method for stochastic computer codes (having a variability induced by some uncontrollable parameters). The mean and dispersion of the code outputs are modelled by two interlinked Generalized Additive Models (GAM). The mean model allows to obtain the controllable parameters sensitivity indices, while the dispersion model allows to obtain the uncontrollable parameters ones. Relevance of the proposed model is analyzed on two case studies.
Studies on Lignin and Related Compounds. LXII. High Pressure Hydrogenation of Wood Using Copper Chromite Catalyst (Part 1) (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Lignin and Related Compounds. LXII. High Pressure Hydrogenation of Wood Using Copper Chromite Catalyst (Part 1)Hugh P. Godard, Joseph L. McCarthy, and Harold HibbertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 11, 3061–3066Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01856a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01856a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Leveraging graphical models to improve accuracy and reduce privacy risks of mobile sensing (2013)

The proliferation of sensors on mobile phones and wearables has led to a plethora of context classifiers designed to sense the individual's context. We argue that a key missing piece in mobile inference is a layer that fuses the outputs of several classifiers to learn deeper insights into an individual's habitual patterns and associated correlations between contexts, thereby enabling new systems optimizations and opportunities. In this paper, we design CQue, a dynamic bayesian network that operates over classifiers for individual contexts, observes relations across these outputs across time, and identifies opportunities for improving energy-efficiency and accuracy by taking advantage of relations. In addition, such a layer provides insights into privacy leakage that might occur when seemingly innocuous user context revealed to different applications on a phone may be combined to reveal more information than originally intended. In terms of system architecture, our key contribution is a clean separation between the detection layer and the fusion layer, enabling classifiers to solely focus on detecting the context, and leverage temporal smoothing and fusion mechanisms to further boost performance by just connecting to our higher-level inference engine. To applications and users, CQue provides a query interface, allowing a) applications to obtain more accurate context results while remaining agnostic of what classifiers/sensors are used and when, and b) users to specify what contexts they wish to keep private, and only allow information that has low leakage with the private context to be revealed. We implemented CQue in Android, and our results show that CQue can i) improve activity classification accuracy up to 42%, ii) reduce energy consumption in classifying social, location and activity contexts with high accuracy(>90%) by reducing the number of required classifiers by at least 33%, and iii) effectively detect and suppress contexts that reveal private information.
Present Condition and the Future Aspects of Coconut Oil Industry. (1997)

ココヤシの果実は熱帯地方で最も重要な果物である。やし油はこの果実の内胚乳から得られ, 東南アジアで大量に生産している。フィリピンとインドネシアの2か国で, 世界の生産量の61%を生産し, その輸出量は世界の87%になる。また, やし油からアルコールの生産能力は比国の場合, 年間9万9千tである。一方, インドネシアには, やし油を年間6万t使用するオレオケミカルズの工場がある。やし油産業の開発課題として, 奨励ハイブリドの栽培による増産, 湿式製油法の開発によるやし油の製造及び全果実の多角的利用等について述べている。
Differential effects of PER2 phosphorylation: molecular basis for the human familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) (2006)

PERIOD (PER) proteins are central components within the mammalian circadian oscillator, and are believed to form a negative feedback complex that inhibits their own transcription at a particular circadian phase. Phosphorylation of PER proteins regulates their stability as well as their subcellular localization. In a systematic screen, we have identified 21 phosphorylated residues of mPER2 including Ser 659, which is mutated in patients suffering from familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS). When expressing FASPS-mutated mPER2 in oscillating fibroblasts, we can phenocopy the short period and advanced phase of FASPS patients' behavior. We show that phosphorylation at Ser 659 results in nuclear retention and stabilization of mPER2, whereas phosphorylation at other sites leads to mPER2 degradation. To conceptualize our findings, we use mathematical modeling and predict that differential PER phosphorylation events can result in opposite period phenotypes. Indeed, interference with specific aspects of mPER2 phosphorylation leads to either short or long periods in oscillating fibroblasts. This concept explains not only the FASPS phenotype, but also the effect of the tau mutation in hamster as well as the doubletime mutants (dbtS and dbtL ) in Drosophila.
Nucleobases modified azo‐polysiloxanes, materials with potential application in biomolecules nanomanipulation (2007)

Abstract Here we show the possibility to obtain azopolysiloxanes modified with nucleobases (adenine and thymine) with potential application in immobilization and nanomanipulation of biomolecules. We propose a photofluidization mechanism based on the concept of the conformational instability, which can explain the presence of the fluid state below the glass transition. The azopolymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, GPC, DSC, DTG, UV spectroscopy, AFM analysis, and molecular simulations. Depending on the type of nucleobase used, the surface of the azopolysiloxane film can be structured in different ways under UV irradiation. Photoisomerization studies in solid state were carried out to demonstrate the influence of the operational conditions (presence or absence of natural visible light) on the polymeric film UV response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4240–4248, 2007
Concepts for collaborative innovation training (2008)

This paper presents the findings from an investigation into the training requirements for collaborative innovation. The data was gathered by means of exploratory interviews and compared with that of a UK national survey about training for innovation, a summary of the key points is presented. The researchers recommend that many of the training needs can be met through the design of a web based training platform. The website (called InnoKnow) will host a number of different types of training content which are all conducive to the learning process. This paper focuses specifically on the use of innovation stories as an effective method for training and learning about collaborative innovation.
Thermal Degradation of Terpenes:  Camphene, Δ<sup>3</sup>-Carene, Limonene, and α-Terpinene (1999)

Emissions from wood dryers have been of some concern for a number of years, and recent policy changes by the Environmental Protection Agency have placed emphasis upon the gaseous emissions that lead to the formation of particulate matter as small as 2.5 μm diameter. In this qualitative study, camphene, Δ3-carene, limonene, and α-terpinene were thermally degraded in the presence of air to determine the number and kind of oxidative degradation products that might be expected under drying conditions used in processing wood products. Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate the products for proof of structure by NMR and/or GC−MS. The degradation products resulted from dehydrogenations, epoxidations, double bond cleavages, allylic oxidations, and rearrangements. A number of compounds not previously associated with the thermal degradation of these terpenes were identified.
Redox-active chalcogen-containing glutathione peroxidase mimetics and antioxidants inhibit tumour promoter-induced downregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication between WB-F344 liver epithelial cells (1995)

Evidence is mounting supporting a role for oxidative stress in the mechanism of tumour promotion in response to agents such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In this paper we demonstrate that glutathione peroxidase-mimetic xenobiotics, ebselen, ebselen-glutathione, alpha-(phenylselenenyl) acetophenone and bis-(4-aminophenyl) telluride (at concentrations between 10 microM and 50 microM) all demonstrate protective effects on TPA-induced downregulation of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. These effects were, in each case, diminished if the cells were depleted of their intracellular glutathione, and potentiated if glutathione was supplemented into the incubations. Additionally, bis-(4-aminophenyl) selenide and several N-substituted analogues, possessing potent antioxidant activity but being devoid of GSH peroxidase-mimetic activity, demonstrated remedial activity against TPA-induced downregulation of GJIC. Structure-activity relationships between these molecules showed a strong correlation to the oxidation potential of the selenium atom in the compound as the bis-(4-nitrophenyl)- and bis-(4-cyanophenyl)- derivatives, which possess poor antioxidant capacity and a half-wave redox potential well above +1.0 V, did not affect TPA-induced effects on GJIC. Examination of the mechanism of action of these redox-active compounds demonstrated correlations between their abilities to (i) prevent TPA-induced downregulation of GJIC, (ii) abolish the accumulation of intracellular oxidants and (iii) prevent the hyper-phosphorylation and internalization of connexin 43 in the cells. The active compounds were also able to prevent the rapid, TPA-induced translocation of protein kinase C to the particulate fraction of the cells, without affecting phorbol ester binding. These data support a synergistic role for oxidants and other TPA-dependent responses within the cell in mediating the downregulation of GJIC. Such oxidative metabolism may play a role in the control of translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to membranes in response to TPA within these cells. Despite the nature of the in vitro test system studied, the data also clarify the molecular basis for a potential anti-tumour promotive effect of antioxidants, based on established redox chemistries of several series of structurally-related molecules.
A comparative study of the actin-based motilities of the pathogenic bacteria <i>Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri</i> and <i>Rickettsia conorii</i> (1999)

Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and Rickettsia conorii are three bacterial pathogens that are able to polymerize actin into 'comet tail' structures and move within the cytosol of infected cells. The actin-based motilities of L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri are known to require the bacterial proteins ActA and IcsA, respectively, and several mammalian cytoskeleton proteins including the Arp2/3 complex and VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) for L. monocytogenes and vinculin and N-WASP (the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) for S. flexneri. In contrast, little is known about the motility of R. conorii. In the present study, we have analysed the actin-based motility of this bacterium in comparison to that of L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri. Rickettsia moved at least three times more slowly than Listeria and Shigella in both infected cells and Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Decoration of actin with the S1 subfragment of myosin in infected cells showed that the comet tails of Rickettsia have a structure strikingly different from those of L. monocytogenes or S. flexneri. In Listeria and Shigella tails, actin filaments form a branching network while Rickettsia tails display longer and not cross-linked actin filaments. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that the two host proteins, VASP and (&agr;)-actinin colocalized with actin in the tails of Rickettsia but neither the Arp2/3 complex which we detected in the Shigella actin tails, nor N-WASP, were detected in Rickettsia actin tails. Taken together, these results suggest that R. conorii may use a different mechanism of actin polymerization.
<title>A New Step-By-Step Aligner For Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Production</title> (1980)

Technological considerations of direct wafer stepping are examined and the requirements of high volume V.L.S.I. production are identified. An advanced step-and-repeat alignment system is presented which fulfills, to a high degree, the criteria developed. Its high numerical aperture 10:1 reduction lens provides high resolution at high contrast level. A new designed illumination system supplies high exposure intensity at excellent uniformity. An automatic step-by-step alignment, focusing and leveling system compensates for irregular wafer topography and its changes during processing. By the capability to follow images already present on the wafer, it allows cross-matching with other exposure systems used for less critical manufacturing steps. The through-the-lens system of feedback-controlled alignment and true focus recognition eliminates from the machine geometric and optical changes such as those caused by temperature variation. Means for protecting both reticle and wafer against such environmental influences as dust, temperature and vibrations are provided. Equipment design permits high throughput for a large variety of die formats. High productivity is achieved by microprocessor-controlled functions and automatic handling as well as specially developed high speed displacement devices. The instrument presented promises new levels of productivity and working line widths while drawing on current knowledge in resist technology and wafer processing.