gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Stability of Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on Efficient Förster Energy Transfer from Interface Exciplex (2016)

Exciplex forming cohosts have been widely adopted in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs), achieving high efficiency with low roll-off and low driving voltage. However, the influence of the exciplex-forming hosts on the lifetimes of the devices, which is one of the essential characteristics, remains unclear. Here, we compare the influence of the bulk exciplex and interface exciplex on the performances of the devices, demonstrating highly efficient orange PHOLEDs with long lifetime at low dopant concentration by efficient Förster energy transfer from the interface exciplex. A bipolar host, (3'-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)-9-carbazole (CzTrz), was adopted to combine with a donor molecule, tris(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amine (TCTA), to form exciplex. Devices with energy transfer from the interface exciplex achieve lifetime almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than the ones based on bulk exciplex as the host by avoiding the formation of the donor excited states. Moreover, a highest EQE of 27% was obtained at the dopant concentration as low as 3 wt % for a device with interface exciplex, which is favorable for reducing the cost of fabrication. We believe that our work may shed light on future development of ideal OLEDs with high efficiency, long-lifetime, low roll-off and low cost simultaneously.
20.7 An RF-PA supply modulator achieving 83% efficiency and −136dBm/Hz noise for LTE-40MHz and GSM 35dBm applications (2016)

Recently, supply modulation (SM), instead of a constant supply voltage, has raised interest in enhancing the overall SM-PA efficiency. In the average-power-tracking (APT) method, a buck converter simply generates stair-case voltages for a PA according to its required output-power level. In a more advanced envelope-tracking (ET) method, typically a hybrid structure of a low-loss but slow buck converter and a high-speed linear amplifier is used to track the fast-changing signal envelope with its efficiency performance becoming important for high peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR) signals, like LTE [1–4]. The challenge is how to design an SM-IC that can achieve both a large-envelope-tracking bandwidth and good system-power efficiency, while achieving low output noise to minimize receive-band sensitivity degradation.
Fingerprint classification and matching using a filterbank (2001)

Accurate automatic personal identification is critical in a variety of applications in our electronically interconnected society. Biometrics, which refers to identification based on physical or behavioral characteristics, is being increasingly adopted to provide positive identification with a high degree of confidence. Among all the biometric techniques, fingerprint-based authentication systems have received the most attention because of the long history of fingerprints and their extensive use in forensics. However, the numerous fingerprint systems currently available still do not meet the stringent performance requirements of several important civilian applications. To assess the performance limitations of popular minutiae-based fingerprint verification system, we theoretically estimate the probability of a false correspondence between two fingerprints from different fingers based on the minutiae representation of fingerprints. Due to the limited amount of information present in the minutiae-based representation, it is desirable to explore alternative representations of fingerprints. We present a novel filterbank-based representation of fingerprints. We have used this compact representation for fingerprint classification as well as fingerprint verification. Experimental results show that this algorithm competes well with the state-of-the-art minutiae-based matchers. We have developed a decision level information fusion framework which improves the fingerprint verification accuracy when multiple matchers, multiple fingers of the user, or multiple impressions of the same finger are combined. A feature verification and purification scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the minutiae-based matcher.
Generation of Antigenic Variants via Gene Conversion: Evidence for Recombination Fitness Selection at the Locus Level in <i>Anaplasma marginale</i> (2009)

Multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate antigenically variant surface proteins to evade immune clearance and establish persistent infection. Both the donor alleles that encode the variants following recombination into an expression site and the donor loci themselves are under evolutionary selection: the alleles that encode variants that are sufficiently antigenically unique yet retain growth fitness and the loci that allow efficient recombination. We examined allelic usage in generating Anaplasma marginale variants during in vivo infection in the mammalian reservoir host and identified preferential usage of specific alleles in the absence of immune selective pressure, consistent with certain individual alleles having a fitness advantage for in vivo growth. In contrast, the loci themselves appear to have been essentially equally selected for donor function in gene conversion with no significant effect of locus position relative to the expression site or origin of replication. This pattern of preferential allelic usage but lack of locus effect was observed independently for Msp2 and Msp3 variants, both generated by gene conversion. Furthermore, there was no locus effect observed when a single locus contained both msp2 and msp3 alleles in a tail-to-tail orientation flanked by a repeat. These experimental results support the hypothesis that predominance of specific variants reflects in vivo fitness as determined by the encoding allele, independent of locus structure and chromosomal position. Identification of highly fit variants provides targets for vaccines that will prevent the high-level bacteremia associated with acute disease.
Executive Summary (2014)

Describes China’s urbanization over the past three decades, which has supported high growth and rapid transformation of the economy, but which now needs a new model of urbanization, including a different role for government, to match China’s evolving development goals and meet emerging challenges. The reform strategy would focus on four areas: better policies on land, including creation of the institutions in which more market pricing for land can take place; removal of obstacles to people’s mobility, including reforms of the hukou system and provision of a minimum public services package across China; a fiscal and financial strategy that will make the new model of urbanization affordable; and a change in the incentives for local government officials to pursue the goals of the new urbanization model. Six priorities for establishing a new urbanization model emerge, including land management reform, hukou system and fiscal reform, urban planning reform, managing environmental pressures, and improving local governance.
Sensitivity of myofibrillar proteins to glucocorticoid-induced muscle proteolysis (1987)

Previous studies have reported that prolonged administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids in young rats results in a rise in urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine (3-MH) excretion followed by a fall to initial levels by 8 days. To determine whether this response reflects events in skeletal muscle, protein breakdown in this tissue was evaluated using the perfused hindquarter preparation with rats treated with corticosterone (10 mg X 100 g-1 X day-1) for 2, 4, or 8 days. Myofibrillar and total cell proteolysis were evaluated by measuring the release of 3-MH and tyrosine, respectively, after inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Corticosterone treatment resulted in an early increase (1-4 days) followed by a fall (4-8 days) in 3-MH excretion. 3-MH release by the perfused hindquarter of treated rats responded in a similar manner, in that its release increased at days 2 and 4 and decreased to control levels by day 8. On the other hand, corticosterone treatment did not affect the release of tyrosine by the perfused hindquarter. Corticosterone treatment diminished protein synthesis in muscle by 30-50% (P less than 0.01), which unlike 3-MH release by perfused muscle persisted throughout the treatment period. The data indicate that glucocorticoids specifically augment the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle. This response is attenuated with prolonged treatment and is unrelated to a loss of metabolic effectiveness of the steroid. Also our findings suggest that the breakdown of myofibrillar and nonmyofibrillar proteins might be regulated independently.
Boys and girls: Chinese future teachers' expectations (2007)

The current study examines the expectations of Chinese education majors for their future students in the areas of academic behavior, classroom behavior, academic performance, and general behavior. Of special interest to us was the question whether the future teachers would have very similar or different expectations for boys and girls. A group of 152 education majors at a medium-sized university in Shanghai participated in the study by filling out a survey questionnaire. The results indicate that both male and female education majors had similar expectations of their future students in the areas of academic behavior, classroom behavior, and general behavior; however, they differed significantly on the Academic Performance Scale.
Gene expression profiling reveals novel biomarkers in nonsmall cell lung cancer (2010)

The development of reliable gene expression profiling technology is having an increasing impact on our understanding of lung cancer biology. Our study aimed to determine any correlation between the phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic diversity of lung cancer. Microarray analysis was performed on a set of 46 tumor samples and 45 paired nontumor samples of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples to establish gene signatures in primary adenocarcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas, determine differentially expressed gene sequences at different stages of the disease and identify sequences with biological significance for tumor progression. After the microarray analysis, the expression level of 92 selected genes was validated by qPCR and the robust Bonferroni test in an independent set of 70 samples composed of 48 tumor samples and 22 nontumor samples. Gene sequences were differentially expressed as a function of tumor type, stage and differentiation grade. High upregulation was observed for KRT15 and PKP1, which may be good markers to distinguish squamous-cell carcinoma samples. High downregulation was observed for DSG3 in stage IA adenocarcinomas.
Hydra: An Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Geospatial Land Classification (2019)

In this paper, we describe Hydra, an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for geospatial land classification. The idea behind Hydra is to create an initial CNN that is coarsely optimized but provides a good starting pointing for further optimization, which will serve as the Hydra's body. Then, the obtained weights are fine-tuned multiple times with different augmentation techniques, crop styles, and classes weights to form an ensemble of CNNs that represent the Hydra's heads. By doing so, we prompt convergence to different endpoints, which is a desirable aspect for ensembles. With this framework, we were able to reduce the training time while maintaining the classification performance of the ensemble. We created ensembles for our experiments using two state-of-the-art CNN architectures, residual network (ResNet), and dense convolutional networks (DenseNet). We have demonstrated the application of our Hydra framework in two data sets, functional map of world (FMOW) and NWPU-RESISC45, achieving results comparable to the state-of-the-art for the former and the best-reported performance so far for the latter. Code and CNN models are available at https://github.com/maups/hydra-fmow.
Diseases of the Small Airways (1992)

The term "bronchiolitis obliterans" has been used differently by clinicians and pathologists and encompasses two distinct morphologic entities: classic bronchiolitis obliterans with intraluminal polyps and constrictive bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP pattern) is characterized by classic bronchiolitis obliterans, with intraluminal polyps affecting mainly respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. This represents a nonspecific reaction to acute lung injury and can be seen in a variety of circumstances. Many patients have an idiopathic syndrome (idiopathic BOOP) with well-defined clinical and radiographic features that characterize it clinically as a form of interstitial (infiltrative) lung disease. Idiopathic BOOP is usually steroid-responsive and has a good prognosis.Constrictive bronchiolitis is characterized by bronchiolar inflammation, peribronchiolar and submucosal scarring, and progressive bronchiolar luminal narrowing. Constrictive bronchiolitis is also seen in a variety of clinical contexts, and it has been described in certain allograft recipients in association with some collagen vascular diseases after certain pulmonary infections and after a number of inhalational injuries. Idiopathic constrictive bronchiolitis is rare and remains an ill-defined group that overlaps with other types of inflammatory bronchiolar lesions. Regardless of the clinical situation in which it occurs, however, constrictive bronchiolitis is usually associated with irreversible airflow obstruction and has a poor prognosis.
Point mutation in a Becker muscular dystrophy patient (1993)

Journal Article Point mutation in a Becker muscular dystrophy patient Get access Roland G. Roberts, Roland G. Roberts * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno 1Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sāo PauloSP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Bobrow, Martin Bobrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mariz Vainzof, Mariz Vainzof 1Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sāo PauloSP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mayana Zatz Mayana Zatz 1Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sāo PauloSP, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 75–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.1.75 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 08 October 1992 Revision received: 20 November 1992 Accepted: 20 November 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
The corpus callosum: normal fetal development as shown by transvaginal sonography. (1993)

Transvaginal sonography can be used to visualize and measure the corpus callosum in the developing fetus. Data from this study may be useful as a reference for normal development of the corpus callosum.
Multifunction integrated optic device using magnetically alterable phase grating (1977)

A magnetically alterable phase grating integrated optic coupler-modulator was formed utilizing the magnetic stripe domains in a LPE film of BixYb3−xFe5O12. Light was coupled to a glass waveguide and 72% intensity modulation was achieved.
A Protein-Permeable Scaffold of a Collagen Vitrigel Membrane Useful for Reconstructing Crosstalk Models between Two Different Cell Types (2007)

Soft and turbid collagen gel disks were previously converted into strong and transparent gel membranes utilizing a concept for the vitrification of heat-denatured of proteins. This novel stable and transparent gel has been termed 'vitrigel'. By encompassing the collagen vitrigel membrane in a nylon frame, it can be easily handled with tweezers, and functions as an excellent scaffold for three-dimensional cell culture models, as cells can be cultured on both sides. Here, we investigated the molecular permeability of the collagen vitrigel membrane in a time course-dependent manner using glucose and serum proteins. Glucose penetrated through the collagen vitrigel membrane to the opposite side, and concentrations on each side were found to be equilibrated within 24 h. Serum proteins up to a molecular weight >100 kDa also gradually passed through the collagen vitrigel membrane. In addition, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were cultured on one surface of the collagen vitrigel membrane with a nylon frame, and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) or HT-29 (a human colon carcinoma cell line) cells were cocultured on the opposite surface. Histomorphological observations revealed the formation of three-dimensional crosstalk models composed of HMVECs and HDFs or HMVECs and HT-29 cells. Resulting data suggest that the protein-permeable scaffold composed of the collagen vitrigel membrane is useful for the reconstruction and/or modeling of 'crosstalk' between two different cells types. Hereafter, such crosstalk models in vitro could be applied to research not only of paracrine factors, but also to epithelial- or endothelial-mesenchymal transitions.
The texture of cooked potatoes: A review (1974)

Abstract The literature concerning cooked‐potato texture is reviewed and discussed in the light of three new hypotheses. First, that “mealiness” is the subjective perception of the flow characteristics (“viscosity”) of cooked tissue and that this aspect of texture is controlled primarily by the solids content of the tuber. Second, that the reduction in tissue strength which occurs on cooking is due to water uptake by the polysaccharides of the cell wall. This increases the thickness of the cell wall and reduces the viscosity of the cell wall matrix: both effects combine to reduce the stress required to separate cells. Third, that, when the intrinsic properties of the cell wall material lead to excessive hydration, the adhesion between cells may be sufficiently reduced to allow spontaneous separation or “sloughing”.
Immunological identification of a high molecular weight protein as a candidate for the product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. (1988)

An oligopeptide was synthesized based on translation of the nucleotide sequence of the putative exon region of clone pERT87-25 from the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Immunization of rabbits with this oligopeptide induced the formation of antibodies directed against a protein present in human, rat, and rabbit skeletal muscle. This protein, which is missing in the skeletal muscle of two patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, has a molecular mass of approximately equal to 320-420 kDa and is clearly different from the putative Duchenne muscular dystrophy-related protein nebulin. The data suggest that this 320- to 420-kDa protein is produced by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene.
Epidemiological Study of Landmines/ ERW Accidents and Victims in Kachin, Kayah, and Shan States, Burma (2017)

In Burma, there is no systematic and organized victim information system (VIS) of landmine and explosive remnants of war (ERW) victims, and few studies have been conducted on the topic, in particular in Kachin, Kayah, and Northern Shan States (NSS), where most of the accidents have recently occurred. Between 2015 and 2016, casualty reports compiled by the Mine Risk Working Group (MRWG) chaired by the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) showed that the number of mine/ERW victims increased by 58% in the country, particularly in Kachin and Shan States, while the number of victims decreased in Kayin State. Documenting victims’ profiles and risk behaviors are needed to help design victim assistance and mine risk education (MRE) programs. To collect this information, Danish Refugee Council/Danish Demining Group (DRC/DDG) conducted an epidemiological study in Kachin, Kayah, and NSS to analyze data collected about mine/ERW victims and accidents.
The effect of KOH concentration on chemical activation of porous carbon sorbents for carbon dioxide uptake and carbon dioxide–methane selectivity: the relative formation of micro- (<2 nm) versus meso- (>2 nm) porosity (2017)

Porous carbon (PC) sorbents are synthesized from polymer precursors mixed with a chemical activation reagent and pyrolised (>500 °C). KOH is known to be the best activator for a wide range of precursors, as it creates PCs with a large surface area (1200–4000 m2 g−1). In order to determine the optimum KOH : polymer ratio for both CO2 adsorption and CO2/CH4 selectivity, we prepared a set of five S-containing porous carbon (SPC) samples from polythiophene (PTh) with increasing KOH : PTh ratio (1 to 5), and investigated CO2 and CH4 uptake measurements on carbonaceous SPC samples up to a pressure limit of 30 bar. The SPCs have been characterised by XPS, SEM, TEM and BET surface area analysis. Although the apparent surface area and total pore volume increased with increasing KOH concentration, the maximum CO2 uptake (5–30 bar) was demonstrated for samples with KOH : PTh = 3. This equates to SPC samples with a surface area and total pore volume of ∼2700 m2 g−1 and 1.5 cm3 g−1, respectively. Greater values for either parameter do not enhance the CO2 uptake, showing that it is not total porosity that is important. SPC samples formed with KOH : PTh = 3 show both a maximum C composition (85%), and a maximum fraction of micro-pores (<2 nm) with a concomitant decrease in meso-pores (>2 nm). KOH : PTh = 3 is also the synthetic condition to maximise CH4 uptake (5–30 bar); however, the optimum CO2/CH4 selectivity occurred with KOH : PTh = 2. This correlates with a different surface area (2200 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (1.2 cm3 g−1) that are required for optimum CO2 uptake. These results suggest that process conditions that lead to high relative microporosity need to be considered rather than the total surface area or pore volume.
Distinctive kinetics and substrate specificities of plant and fungal tRNA ligases (2014)

Plant and fungal tRNA ligases are trifunctional enzymes that repair RNA breaks with 2',3'-cyclic-PO4 and 5'-OH ends. They are composed of cyclic phosphodiesterase (CPDase) and polynucleotide kinase domains that heal the broken ends to generate the 3'-OH, 2'-PO4, and 5'-PO4 required for sealing by a ligase domain. Here, we use short HORNA>p substrates to determine, in a one-pot assay format under single-turnover conditions, the order and rates of the CPDase, kinase and ligase steps. The observed reaction sequence for the plant tRNA ligase AtRNL, independent of RNA length, is that the CPDase engages first, converting HORNA>p to HORNA2'p, which is then phosphorylated to pRNA2'p by the kinase. Whereas the rates of the AtRNL CPDase and kinase reactions are insensitive to RNA length, the rate of the ligase reaction is slowed by a factor of 16 in the transition from 10-mer RNA to 8-mer and further by eightfold in the transition from 8-mer RNA to 6-mer. We report that a single ribonucleoside-2',3'-cyclic-PO4 moiety enables AtRNL to efficiently splice an otherwise all-DNA strand. Our characterization of a fungal tRNA ligase (KlaTrl1) highlights important functional distinctions vis à vis the plant homolog. We find that (1) the KlaTrl1 kinase is 300-fold faster than the AtRNL kinase; and (2) the KlaTrl1 kinase is highly specific for GTP or dGTP as the phosphate donor. Our findings recommend tRNA ligase as a tool to map ribonucleotides embedded in DNA and as a target for antifungal drug discovery.