gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward an ideal integrating nephelometer (2003)

The Integrating Sphere Integrating Nephelometer is a novel and unique reciprocal nephelometer that uses an integrating sphere with attached truncation-reduction tubes to contain the sample volume and to integrate the scattered light. Its main advantage compared with current integrating nephelometers is a sevenfold reduction in truncation angle, which reduces errors in measured scattering from large particles. Additional features include improved sampling efficiency for large particles and a well-defined operating wavelength.
A Combinatorial NMR and EPR Approach for Evaluating the Structural Ensemble of Partially Folded Proteins (2010)

Partially folded proteins, characterized as exhibiting secondary structure elements with loose or absent tertiary contacts, represent important intermediates in both physiological protein folding and pathological protein misfolding. To aid in the characterization of the structural state(s) of such proteins, a novel structure calculation scheme is presented that combines structural restraints derived from pulsed EPR and NMR spectroscopy. The methodology is established for the protein alpha-synuclein (alphaS), which exhibits characteristics of a partially folded protein when bound to a micelle of the detergent sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (SLAS). By combining 18 EPR-derived interelectron spin label distance distributions with NMR-based secondary structure definitions and bond vector restraints, interelectron distances were correlated and a set of theoretical ensemble basis populations was calculated. A minimal set of basis structures, representing the partially folded state of SLAS-bound alphaS, was subsequently derived by back-calculating correlated distance distributions. A surprising variety of well-defined protein-micelle interactions was thus revealed in which the micelle is engulfed by two differently arranged antiparallel alphaS helices. The methodology further provided the population ratios between dominant ensemble structural states, whereas limitation in obtainable structural resolution arose from spin label flexibility and residual uncertainties in secondary structure definitions. To advance the understanding of protein-micelle interactions, the present study concludes by showing that, in marked contrast to secondary structure stability, helix dynamics of SLAS-bound alphaS correlate with the degree of protein-induced departures from free micelle dimensions.
Planning and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease. (1988)

The higher level cognitive function of planning was studied in a group of medicated Parkinson's disease patients and a group of matched control subjects, using a computerised version of Shallice's Tower of London task. Baseline measurement of the ability to execute a given plan of action, to generate low level strategies required for efficient searching, and spatial working memory capacity, all of which contribute to performance on the planning task, established that the Parkinson's disease group was unimpaired on any of these measures. On the Tower of London task, the Parkinson's disease group was also unimpaired in terms of the average number of moves required to solve a problem. However, a specific planning deficit was evident when "thinking" times were analysed, and this was after the confounding influence of motor initiation and execution times had been carefully extracted from total performance times. This finding is discussed in relation to putative functions of the frontal lobes and basal ganglia, and an attention-switching hypothesis is developed to account for it.
Forming global estimates of self-performance from local confidence (2019)

Metacognition, the ability to internally evaluate our own cognitive performance, is particularly useful since many real-life decisions lack immediate feedback. While most previous studies have focused on the construction of confidence at the level of single decisions, little is known about the formation of "global" self-performance estimates (SPEs) aggregated from multiple decisions. Here, we compare the formation of SPEs in the presence and absence of feedback, testing a hypothesis that local decision confidence supports the formation of SPEs when feedback is unavailable. We reveal that humans pervasively underestimate their performance in the absence of feedback, compared to a condition with full feedback, despite objective performance being unaffected. We find that fluctuations in confidence contribute to global SPEs over and above objective accuracy and reaction times. Our findings create a bridge between a computation of local confidence and global SPEs, and support a functional role for confidence in higher-order behavioral control.
Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Olanzapine or Quetiapine (2006)

Our findings are consistent with our previous report that nonobese olanzapine-treated subjects showed insulin resistance, measured by both HOMA-IR and SI, and reduction in SG. Studies that include larger samples, unmedicated patients, and varying durations of antipsychotic exposure are necessary to confirm these results.
RNA RECOGNITION BY RNP PROTEINS DURING RNA PROCESSING (1998)

The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domain is one of the most common eukaryotic protein folds. Proteins containing RNP domains function in important steps of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by directing the assembly of multiprotein complexes on primary transcripts, mature mRNAs, and stable ribonucleoprotein components of the RNA processing machinery. The diverse functions performed by these proteins depend on their dual ability to recognize RNA and to interact with other proteins, often utilizing specialized auxiliary domains. Crystallographic and NMR structures of several RNP domains and a handful of structures of RNA-protein complexes have begun to reveal the molecular basis for RNP-RNA recognition.
Identification of polymorphisms and sequence variants in the human homologue of the mouse natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene. (1995)

The most common mycobacterial disease in humans is tuberculosis, and there is evidence for genetic factors in susceptibility to tuberculosis. In the mouse, the Bcg gene controls macrophage priming for activation and is a major gene for susceptibility to infection with mycobacteria. A candidate gene for Bcg was identified by positional cloning and was designated "natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene" (Nramp1), and the human homologue (NRAMP1) has recently been cloned. Here we report on (1) the physical mapping of NRAMP1 close to VIL in chromosome region 2q35 by PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrids and YAC cloning and (2) the identification of nine sequence variants in NRAMP1. Of the four variants in the coding region, there were two missense mutations and two silent substitutions. The missense mutations were a conservative alanine-to-valine substitution at codon 318 in exon 9 and an aspartic acid-to-asparagine substitution at codon 543 in the predicted cytoplasmic tail of the NRAMP1 protein. A microsatellite was located in the immediate 5' region of the gene, three variants were in introns, and one variant was located in the 3' UTR. The allele frequencies of each of the nine variants were determined in DNA samples of 60 Caucasians and 20 Asians. In addition, we have physically linked two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, D2S104 and D2S173, to NRAMP1 on a 1.5-Mb YAC contig. These molecular markers will be useful to assess the role of NRAMP1 is susceptibility to tuberculosis and other macrophage-mediated diseases.
Name Matching v.s. Structure Matching in Typing Systems for the Polyadic π-Calculus (1997)

In the literature, there have been intensive studies on typing (sorting) systems for the polyadic z-calculus, originated by Milner's sorting discipline [10] based on name match' ing.The proposed systems, so far, are categorized into the twogroupssystems by name matching and ones by structure matching (possibly with subtyping) -and obtain similar results.A natural question arises "Is there any relationship between the two par- adigms ?".With this motivation, the present paper gives deeper investigations on typing systems between the two approaches.For this purpose, a sorting system by name mat' ching, a quite similar to the system in [7], and a typing system by structure matching with subtyping, a slight extension of the system in [12] , are presented, along with several basic properties.Then, correspondence between the sorting system and the typing sys- tem is investigated via transformations both form sortings to typings and from typings to sortings.It is shown that if a process is well-sorted w.r./. a safe sorting in the sort ing system, then it is well-typed w. r. t. the transformed typigg in the typing system, but not vice versa.This result can be straightforwardly extended to Liu and Walker's consistent sortings.Under a certain condition, we can show the reverse implication.Furtheremore, on the other direction from typings to sortings, it is shown that the derived typing from the sorting which is the result of applying transformation to a typing coincides with the original typing.However, the derived sorting from the typing which is the result of applying transformation to a sorting is proved to be a proper specialization of the original sorting.O P P P = 0 0 l tttris induces the usual axiom T zNote that the side condition regarding bound names.schemes : (vx) 0=0; (vr\(vx)P:(vx)P- can be viewed as a consequence of our convention of
Nucleotide sequence of gene 2 of the UK tissue culture adapted strain of bovine rotavirus (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of gene 2 of the UK tissue culture adapted strain of bovine rotavirus Get access Y. Tian, Y. Tian † Department of Biological Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. Tarlow, O. Tarlow Department of Biological Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.A. McCrae M.A. McCrae * Department of Biological Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry CV4 7AL, UK * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 13, 11 July 1990, Page 4015, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.13.4015 Published: 11 July 1990
Gamma-ray, well-logging (1939)

Abstract Point-to-point measurements of radioactivity in bore holes were made with an ionization chamber. The correlation between the curves obtained and the electrical logs for the same holes led to the construction of a more rugged apparatus containing two Geiger counters, coupled separately to two amplifiers and two frequency meters on the surface of the ground. This instrument can be run continuously and logs taken in both cased and open holes. Correlation was obtained between two cased hole records taken several miles apart in West Texas. Remarkable correlation in many instances between radioactivity and electrical logs has been found in the Gulf Coast. The method seems to open up a broad field in cased hole well-logging.
Inhibition of Proteasome Activity Blocks the Ability of TNFα to Down-Regulate Gi Proteins and Stimulate Lipolysis (2001)

Prolonged treatment of rat adipocytes with TNF alpha increases lipolysis through a mechanism mediated, in part, by down-regulation of inhibitory G proteins (G(i)). Separately, down-regulation of G(i) by prolonged treatment with an A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist, N(6)-phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA) increases lipolysis. To investigate the role of proteolysis in TNF alpha and PIA-mediated G(i) down-regulation and stimulation of lipolysis, we used the protease inhibitors lactacystin (proteasome inhibitor) and calpeptin (calpain inhibitor). Rat adipocytes were preincubated for 1 h with lactacystin (10 microM) or calpeptin (50 microM), before 30-h treatment with either TNF alpha (50 ng/ml) or PIA (300 nM). We then measured lipolysis (glycerol release), abundance of alpha-subunits of G(i)1 and G(i)2 in plasma membranes (Western blotting) and protease activities (in specific fluorogenic assays). TNF alpha and PIA stimulated lipolysis approximately 2-fold and caused G(i) down-regulation. Although neither lactacystin nor calpeptin affected basal lipolysis, lactacystin completely inhibited both TNF alpha and PIA-stimulated lipolysis (the 50% inhibitory concentration was approximately 2 microM), whereas calpeptin had no effect. Similarly, lactacystin but not calpeptin blocked both PIA and TNF alpha-induced G(i) down-regulation. These findings provide further evidence that the chronic lipolytic effect of TNF alpha and PIA is secondary to G(i) down-regulation and suggest that the mechanism involves proteolytic degradation mediated through the proteasome pathway.
Fast waveform digitization with the DRS chip (2007)

The DRS chip was developed recently at PSI, Switzerland, using a 0.25 mum radiation hard CMOS technology. It implements a series of switched capacitor arrays (SCA), which allow the digitization of signals at speeds up to 5 GHz, at a power consumption and fabrication cost orders of magnitude lower than conventional flash ADCs. This allows a new generation of experiments with superior pile-up rejection and pulse shape discrimination, while simultaneously eliminating the need for traditional ADCs and TDCs. This paper explains the operating principle of the DRS chip and describes the deployment in the MEG experiment using 3000 channels in the MIDAS DAQ framework. Real time aspects of the data acquisition are covered and solutions are shown how to overcome the 880 MB/s raw data rate of the MEG experiment.
From Instrument to Ear in a Room: Direct or Via Recording (1985)

On passe en revue les caracteristiques statistiques des fluctuations du chemin parcouru entre la source et le detecteur en acoustique des salles en considerant les mecanismes de perception utilises par l'auditeur de musique a un concert. Le traitement parallele auditif est important dans les domaines a la fois temporel et frequentiel
CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Make Discrete Contributions to Demyelination and Neurologic Disease in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis (1998)

Following intracerebral infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), susceptible strains of mice (SJL and PLJ) develop virus persistence and demyelination similar to that found in human multiple sclerosis. Resistant strains of mice (C57BL/6) clear virus and do not develop demyelination. To resolve the controversy about the role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the development of demyelination and neurologic deficits in diseases of the central nervous system, we analyzed TMEV infection in CD4- and CD8-deficient B6, PLJ, and SJL mice. Genetic deletion of either CD4 or CD8 from resistant B6 mice resulted in viral persistence and demyelination during the chronic stage of disease. Viral persistence and demyelination were detected in all strains of susceptible background. Although genetic deletion of CD8 had no effect on the extent of demyelination in susceptible strains, deletion of CD4 dramatically increased the degree of demyelination observed. Whereas strains with deletions of CD4 showed severe neurologic deficits, mice with deletions of CD8 showed minimal or no deficits despite demyelination. In all strains, deletion of CD4 but not CD8 resulted in a decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity response to viral antigen. We conclude that each T-cell subset makes a discrete and nonredundant contribution to protection from viral persistence and demyelination in resistant strains. In contrast, in susceptible strains, CD8(+) T cells do not provide protection against chronic demyelinating disease. Furthermore, in persistent TMEV infection of the central nervous system, neurologic deficits appear to result either from the absence of a protective class II-restricted immune response or from the presence of a pathogenic class I-restricted response.
Phenylbutyrate up-regulates the <i>adrenoleukodystrophy-related</i> gene as a nonclassical peroxisome proliferator (2005)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a demyelinating disease due to mutations in the ABCD1 (ALD) gene, encoding a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter (ALDP). Overexpression of adrenoleukodystrophy-related protein, an ALDP homologue encoded by the ABCD2 (adrenoleukodystrophy-related) gene, can compensate for ALDP deficiency. 4-Phenylbutyrate (PBA) has been shown to induce both ABCD2 expression and peroxisome proliferation in human fibroblasts. We show that peroxisome proliferation with unusual shapes and clusters occurred in liver of PBA-treated rodents in a PPARalpha-independent way. PBA activated Abcd2 in cultured glial cells, making PBA a candidate drug for therapy of X-ALD. The Abcd2 induction observed was partially PPARalpha independent in hepatocytes and totally independent in fibroblasts. We demonstrate that a GC box and a CCAAT box of the Abcd2 promoter are the key elements of the PBA-dependent Abcd2 induction, histone deacetylase (HDAC)1 being recruited by the GC box. Thus, PBA is a nonclassical peroxisome proliferator inducing pleiotropic effects, including effects at the peroxisomal level mainly through HDAC inhibition.
Genetically engineered <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> for tumor‐targeting enzyme‐prodrug therapy of autochthonous mammary tumors in rats (2006)

A fundamental obstacle in systemic therapy for cancer patients is the specific targeting of therapy directly to solid tumors. A strain of the domestic bacterium Bifidobacterium longum, which is non-pathogenic and anaerobic, showed selective localization to and proliferation within solid tumors after systemic application. Here, we propose a novel approach to cancer gene therapy in which anaerobic and non-pathogenic bacteria of the genus B. longum are used to achieve tumor-specific gene delivery and enzyme-prodrug therapy. We constructed a plasmid, pBLES100-S-eCD, which included eCD. Transfected B. longum produced CD in hypoxic tumors and achieved tumor site-specific conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU. Furthermore, we demonstrated antitumor efficacy in rat bearing autochthonous mammary tumors injected with the transfected B. longum directly or intravenously. This method was confirmed to be effective for enzyme-prodrug therapy not only by intratumoral injection but also by systemic administration. To estimate the toxicity of this bacterial vector, the systemic immunogenicity was evaluated by ASA reaction and the anaphylactic activity of IgG was evaluated by PCA reaction in guinea pigs. In the ASA reaction, no anaphylaxis symptoms were observed in any immunized guinea pigs injected with transfected B. longum. In the PCA reaction, B. longum/S-eCD specific-PCA-induced antibody was not detected. Thus, we proposed that anaerobic bacteria of the genus B. longum were an attractive and safe tumor-targeting vector and transfected B. longum was a potential anticancer agent that could effectively and specifically treat solid tumors.
That’s stat! (1994)

In the last of his series, Philip Burnard reviews a program that helps to take some of the pain out of statistical analysis
Centralized content-based Web filtering and blocking: how far can it go? (2003)

To an organisation, centralized Internet filtering and blocking is very important. Educators and parents would like to block offensive materials from children. Companies also want to reduce the amount of work time that employees spend on non-productive Web surfing. Current blocking and filtering mechanisms can roughly be classified into two approaches: URL-based and content filtering. In the URL-based approach, a requested URL address is blocked if a match is found in the blocked list. However, keeping the list up-to-date is very difficult. In the content filtering approach, keyword matching is often used. Its main problem is mis-blocking. Many desirable Web sites are blocked because some predefined keywords appear in their Web pages, though in different meaning or context. There are suggestions for image, audio and video understanding in real-time content filtering. The delay time is also of great concern. In this paper, we investigate how far multimedia content analysis should go for Internet filtering and blocking. A set of guidelines for defining the heuristics used in real-time Web content analysis is also given. These heuristics not only have higher filtering accuracy than most multimedia retrieval techniques do, but they also have a comparable runtime overhead to that of keyword matching. Our experience of deploying a pornographic filtering system in high schools is also described. Experience from the system's implementation and deployment is found to give a very good direction to the centralized filtering and blocking of Web content.
A Layer-stripping Reconstruction Algorithm For Impedance Imaging (2005)

Impedance imaging systems apply currents to the surface of a body, measure the induced voltages on the surface, and from this information reconstruct an approximation to the electrical impedance in the interior of the body. This paper discusses a layer-stripping approach to solving the reconstruction problem. The idea is to first find the impedance on the boundary, and then use this information to strip away the outermost layer. The process is then repeated, and the medium is stripped away, layer-by-layer.
An Indispensable Role for the Chemokine Receptor CCR10 in IgA Antibody-Secreting Cell Accumulation (2008)

The differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, by tissues and leukocytes, respectively, contributes to the specific accumulation of leukocyte subsets to different tissues. CCR10/CCL28 interactions are thought to contribute to the accumulation of IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASC) to mucosal surfaces, such as the gastrointestinal tract and the lactating mammary gland. Although the role of CCL28 in lymphocyte homing is well established, direct in vivo evidence for CCR10 involvement in this process has not been previously shown. In this study, we describe the generation of a CCR10-deficient mouse model. Using this model, we demonstrate that CCR10 is critical for efficient localization and accumulation of IgA ASC to the lactating mammary gland. Surprisingly, IgA ASC accumulation to the gastrointestinal tract is minimally impacted in CCR10-deficient mice. These results provide the first direct evidence of CCR10 involvement in lymphocyte homing and accumulation in vivo, and demonstrate that reliance on CCR10-mediated recruitment of IgA ASC varies dramatically within mucosal tissues.
A Tubular Vacuum-Type Centrifuge (1938)

A method of spinning tubular rotors to high speeds in a vacuum is described. The rotors are spun by air-supported, air-driven turbines situated below the vacuum chamber. The maximum rotational speed attainable is set only by the bursting strength of the tubular rotor. The material to be centrifuged enters the spinning tube at the top at a continuous rate and is collected in light and heavy fractions at the bottom. The apparatus has been used for centrifuging materials in gaseous, vapor and liquid states.
Interfacial Tensions of Commercial Vegetable Oils with Water (1985)

ABSTRACT The pendant drop method, the current method of choice for interfacial tension measurement, was used to obtain the interfacial tensions of a number of vegetable oils with water. Contrary to the reports of earlier workers, all triglycerides examined had similar interfacial tensions with water, all values being in the range 23‐26 mNm −1 . Long chain fatty acids, principal contaminants of commercial oils, had little effect on the interfacial tension. When the oils were exposed to alkaline conditions, the mono‐ and diglycerides formed by hydrolysis caused the interfacial tension to drop rapidly, in agreement with previously reported results for the effect of mono‐ and diglycerides on interfacial tensions.