gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular-scale imaging of unstained deoxyribonucleic acid fibers by phase transmission electron microscopy (2006)

The molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fibers was observed by a phase reconstruction method called three-dimensional Fourier filtering using a 200kV transmission electron microscope. The characteristic helical structure and the spacing of adjacent base pairs of DNA were partially resolved due to an improved signal-to-noise ratio and resolution enhancement by the phase reconstruction although the molecular structure was damaged by the electron beam irradiation. In the spherical aberration-free phase images, the arrangements of single atom-sized spots forming sinusoidal curves were sometimes observed, which seem to be the contrast originating in the sulfur atoms along the main chains.
LOW-PROFILE GASTROSTOMY (1993)

FALLER, NANCY RN, CETN, BSN ET Nurse; LAWRENCE, KATHLEEN G. RN, CETN, BSN ET Nurse Author Information
Involvement of Distinct Receptors in the Actions of Extracellular Uridine Nucleotides (2007)

The P2 purinoceptors were initially defined as a family of receptors responsive to extracellular adenine nucleotides. In the late 1980s, it became clear that extracellular uridine nucleotides are also able to modulate cell function. The existence of a nucleotide receptor, common to ATP and UTP, was suggested by indirect pharmacological arguments (for instance the lack of additivity and the cross-desensitization of the responses to the two nucleotides) and later demonstrated by the cloning of a P2U receptor equally responsive to ATP and UTP. Vascular endothelial cells are a paradigm of cells on which both ATP and UTP exert physiologically relevant effects (stimulation of prostacyclin and nitric oxide release). Their response to nucleotides is mediated by two distinct receptors, both coupled to phospholipase C: a specific purinoceptor responsive to ATP and ADP (P2Y) and a nucleotide receptor responsive to ATP and UTP (P2U). We have recently cloned from the human genome a new subtype of receptor (tentatively called P2Y4), which is structurally related to the P2U receptor. Functional expression revealed its coupling to phospholipase C and its selective responsiveness to UTP and UDP. According to the new nomenclature, the P2 receptors that are coupled to G proteins belong to the P2Y family. It now appears that this family encompasses specific purinoceptors (P2Y1, formerly called P2Y), nucleotide receptors common to ATP and UTP (P2Y2, previously P2U) and selective pyrimidinoceptors (P2Y4). The existence of these pyrimidinoceptors suggests that uridine nucleotides may play a role as intercellular mediators, independently from adenine nucleotides.
Metabolism of cocaine in man (1978)

Following ingestion of [N-14CH3]cocaine (10 mg, 2.3 muCi) by 2 healthy subjects, breath, saliva, serum, and urine samples were collected serially. Labeled CO2 production was monitored as a measure of N-demethylation of cocaine. The cumulative excretion of 14CO2 in 5 hr was 2.4% and 6.2% of the administered dose with half-lives of 2.3 and 1.4 hr, respectively. The greater N-demethylation was found in a subject with lower plasma cholinesterase activity. Radioactivity excreted in 0 to 28 hr urine reached 65% to 75% of the dose. Ecgonine methyl ester, a product of cocaine hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase, was identified as a major metabolite in the urine of both subjects and accounted for 32% to 49% of the urinary metabolites.
Virtual microfluidic traps, filters, channels and pumps using Marangoni flows (2008)

"This paper describes how Marangoni flows of various forms can be generated in thin liquid films for the purposes of microfluidic manipulation. Several microfluidic components, including traps, channels, filters and pumps, for manipulating aqueous droplets suspended in a film of oil on blank, unpatterned substrates are demonstrated. These are 'virtual' devices because they have no physical structure; they accomplish their function entirely by localized variations in surface tension (Marangoni flows) created in a non-contact manner by heat sources suspended just above the liquid surface. Various flow patterns can be engineered through the geometric design of the heat sources on size scales ranging from 10 to 1000 um. A point source generates toroidal flows which can be used for droplet merging and mixing. Virtual channels and traps, emulated by linear and annular heat fluxes, respectively, demonstrate nearly 100% size selectivity for droplets ranging from 300 to 1000 um. A source of heat flux that is parallel to the surface and is triangular with a 10deg taper serves as a linear pump, translating droplets of about the same size at speeds up to 200 um s[?]1. The paper includes simulations that illuminate the working principle of the devices. Models show that Marangoni flows scale favorably to small length scales. By using microscale thermal devices delivering sharp temperature gradients, it is possible to generate mm s[?]1 flow velocities with only small increases (<1deg) in liquid temperature."
Fabrication of thin film magnetic garnet structures for intra-cavity laser applications (1978)

Garnet compositions similar to those used for bubble domain materials have been used to fabricate ferrimagnetic nonreciprocal devices for ring laser gyro biasing at 1.152 μm. Such devices are used inside an active laser cavity, therefore precise control of the optical and physical thickness of the films is required. Two concepts of Faraday elements have been demonstrated and new material and fabrication techniques have been developed to implement them. Operating Faraday elements with 0.5 percent insertion loss have been produced.
On assigning and assessing students' prose: A discipline-based approach (1997)

(1997). On assigning and assessing students' prose: A discipline-based approach. Journal of Criminal Justice Education: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 75-80.
Band 3+ RF MEMS micro switch and its application to a high power tunable filter (2009)

In military communication applications, tactical scenarios demand octave range tunability and high power handling. As a main component of a highly tunable filter, low-loss switches are desired to dynamically select components which tune the filters. This paper presents the design, the simulation, the manufacturing and the testing of tunable filter with in-line and integrated RF micro switches that operates in Band 3+ (1.35 to 2.7 GHz). The four states tunable filter is a microstrip half-wavelength resonator. The filter is wideband (1.597 to 2.295 GHz) and very selective with relative bandwidth from 1.6% to 4%. This operation band requires in general large-scale filter size and loss. The proposed design takes less than 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and has acceptable insertion loss. Several micro switches are used with resonators to commute large scale surface to form a four-state tunable filter. The switches and resonators are designed such that the complete tunable filter is fabricated during the same manufacturing process.
Spatial references and perspective in natural language instructions for collaborative manipulation (2016)

As humans and robots collaborate together on spatial tasks, they must communicate clearly about the objects they are referencing. Communication is clearer when language is unambiguous which implies the use of spatial references and explicit perspectives. In this work, we contribute two studies to understand how people instruct a partner to identify and pick up objects on a table. We investigate spatial features and perspectives in human spatial references and compare word usage when instructing robots vs. instructing other humans. We then focus our analysis on the clarity of instructions with respect to perspective taking and spatial references. We find that only about 42% of instructions contain perspective-independent spatial references. There is a strong correlation between participants' accuracy in executing instructions and the perspectives that the instructions are given in, as well between accuracy and the number of spatial relations that were required for the instruction. We conclude that sentence complexity (in terms of spatial relations and perspective taking) impacts understanding, and we provide suggestions for automatic generation of spatial references.
MRI-based prostate cancer detection with high-level representation and hierarchical classification (2020)

Extracting the high-level feature representation by using deep neural networks for detection of prostate cancer, and then based on high-level feature representation constructing hierarchical classification to refine the detection results.
AN ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL PROCESSOR FOR CAMCORDERS AND DIGITAL STILL CAMERAS (1998)

High performance commercial imaging systems, such as camcorders and digital still cameras, employ charge-coupled devices to convert light energy to electrical signals. The output from the CCD requires automatic gain control before it can be applied to an analog-to-digital (MD) converter where digitization takes place. Other processing is also required for viewing the output of the recorded image. The development to be described is an integrated circuit that contains many of the key features associated with processing the analog signals within a camcorder or a digital still camera.
Adhesion of Hydroxyapatite Layer Prepared by Thermal Plasma Spraying to Titanium or Titanium (IV) Oxide Substrate. (2000)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was sprayed onto titanium substrates in argon-hydrogen thermal plasma or onto titanium (IV) oxide substrates in argon-oxygen thermal plasma. In the latter case, no adhesive strength by a tensile test could be measured because of high fragility of the titanium (IV) oxide. Comparison of the width of peeled-off layers by a scratch test suggested a higher adhesive strength of HAp layers sprayed onto titanium (IV) oxide than onto titanium substrates. It seemed that the surface oxide layer of the titanium substrate would give a positive contribution to adhesion. In both the above experiments, adhesive strength increased with the substrate temperature up to 1130°C and the maximum adhesive strength was 19.2MPa for layers sprayed onto titanium.
A study on the wireless transmission monitoring for the geological disposal repository in France (2006)

フランスでは長寿命核種を含む放射性廃棄物の処分に関して, 政府により「リバーシビリティ」の必要性が示されている. フランスにおける放射性廃棄物処分の事業実施主体であるANDRAはリバーシビリティをステップワイズな処分場およびそのマネッジメントにより具現化しようとしている. リバーシビリティを実現する上で, モニタリングは重要な役割を果たす. しかしながら, モニタリングにより処分場の長期健全性が損なわれることは許されない. 本研究では, 処分場の構成要素の性能を低下させることなく, リバーシブル処分場におけるモニタリングを実現するため, データ通信用等のケーブルを使用しない無線モニタリングの概念を構築し, 処分場内における無線データ通信に関する技術的な実現可能性をモデル実験を通じて検討した.
Failure distributions and area transformation ofthin SiO <sub>2</sub> films (1994)

The failure distributions of a small area can be transformed to distributions of a larger area provided the data to be transformed exhibit a bimodal distribution with an extrinsic region that characterises the defect-related region explicitly. The defect density follows a power-law relationship that shows a decline in defect density as the area increases.
Interaction-Aware Cut-in Behavior Prediction and Risk Assessment for Autonomous Driving (2020)

Cut-in behavior commonly occurs in both urban and highway driving. Rear-end collisions happen when the lag vehicles cannot predict this abnormal lane change behavior of the front vehicles and response in time. However, related studies on cut-in event prediction and risk assessment have rarely been presented in autonomous driving field. A phase-based design framework is proposed in this work to realize online prediction and risk estimation of the cut-in behavior considering interactions between the involved vehicles. After preprocessing and analyzing a naturalistic driving dataset, a cut-in behavior predictor and a risk estimator are devised based on Gaussian mixture model. Comparing with baseline approaches, both the predictor and estimator designed following the proposed framework achieve enhanced results, which can further improve the driving safety of autonomous vehicles when cut-in behavior occurs.
Behavior of biliary phospholipids in intestinal lumen during fat digestion in rat (1974)

Abstract The phospholipids present in the intestinal lumen of rats following ingestion of triglycerides are of biliary origin. They consist of lecithins accompanied by a small proportion of lysolecithins. Their behavior in comparison with the other lipid constituents of the intestinal content was studied by subjecting the latter to gel filtration on an agarose column in the presence of a solution of 6 mM sodium taurocholate in 0.1 M NaCl. Part of the phospholipids is present with the triglycerides and diglycerides in the emulsified phase excluded from the gel where pancreatic lipase and colipase also are found. The remainder is found in optically clear fractions containing fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts. These fractions are eluted at 2.0 column volumes, while mixed fatty acids, monoglycerides, bile salts micelles emerge from the column at 2.4 column volumes in the same chromatographic conditions. This difference in behavior may be explained by the presence of biliary lecithins. This presence could have an important bearing upon the mucosal uptake of the lipolysis products of triglycerides.
The Tunnel that Cleaned Up Chicago (1986)

The 1986 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement award went to Chicago’s Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) Mainstream Tunnel and Pumping Station. The $975 million project is part of the larger TARP project that intercepts stormwater in deep tunnels, stores it, then sends it through an existing treatment plant. In the first year of operation, the Mainstream Tunnel eliminated 80% of the combined sewage pollution proble ms throughout Chicago and 15 nearby suburbs, a 204 sq mile area. The 31 mile long Mainstream Tunnel, 13 to 33 ft in diameter, is the largest hardrock system on record. The pumping station is the largest ever built underground, with twin chambers 270 ft long, 64 ft wide and 90 ft high. Phase II of TARP will further solve water problems by controlling the flooding that occurs during heavy storms, channeling the water into surface reservoirs. TARP is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago. Harza Engineers are principal consultants.
Distinct and Overlapping Sets of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 Target Proteins Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics (2006)

The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family in vertebrates includes three different family members that are conjugated as post-translational modifications to target proteins. SUMO-2 and -3 are nearly identical but differ substantially from SUMO-1. We used quantitative proteomics to investigate the target protein preferences of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. HeLa cells were established that stably express His6-SUMO-1 or His6-SUMO-2. These cell lines and control HeLa cells were labeled with stable arginine isotopes, and His6-SUMOs were enriched from lysates using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. 53 SUMO-conjugated proteins were identified, including 44 novel SUMO targets. 25 proteins were preferentially conjugated to SUMO-1, 19 were preferentially conjugated to SUMO-2, and nine proteins were conjugated to both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. SART1 was confirmed by immunoblotting to have both SUMO-1- and SUMO-2-linked forms at similar levels. SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 are thus shown to have distinct and overlapping sets of target proteins, indicating that SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 may have both redundant and non-redundant cellular functions. Interestingly, 14 of the 25 SUMO-1-conjugated proteins contain zinc fingers. Although both SUMO family members play roles in many cellular processes, our data show that sumoylation is strongly associated with transcription because nearly one-third of the identified target proteins are putative transcriptional regulators.
An asymmetrical lightly-doped source (ALDS) cell for virtual ground high density EPROMs (2003)

A novel EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory) cell structure with asymmetrically doped source and drain junction suitable for virtual ground array architecture is described. The asymmetric cell nature eliminates a write disturbance of the adjacent cell in the write mode. In the read mode, the cell provides higher read current and substantial soft-write lifetime as a result of the selection of the lightly doped n/sup -/ region as the drain. The cell is implemented in virtual ground designs. A novel planarized process has been developed to improve the manufacturability. It is concluded that such scalable cell and array structures are promising for the next-generation high-density EPROMs in the 16-Mb regime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EVALUATION OF OXIDATION-RESISTANT COATINGS IN A WATER-STABILIZED ELECTRIC ARC AT TEMPERATURES TO 2325 deg. C (4215 deg. F) (1962)

Twelve oxidation-resistant coatings on molybdenum and graphite pressure sensing probe models were evaluated. These evaluations were made in an atmosphere simulating re-entry trajectory heating conditions experienced at a Mach. No. of 8.5. A water-stabilized electric arc was used to simulate heat input of 450 BTU/sq ft-sec. to be reached in 25 seconds. Duration of test was 60 seconds. Under conditions of equal heat input, the surface temperatures of the probes, as observed with a calibrated optical pyrometer, varied due to differences in the physical and thermodynamic properties of the coatings. The highest surface temperature, 2325C (4215F), was attained by a molybdenum probe with a zirconium diboride coating. Out of nine coatings tested on molybdenum, a flame-sprayed coating of 90% W and 10% ZrB2 exhibited the least damage. Other coatings, Al-Cr-Si, MoSi2, gradated Zr02 and ZrB2 protected the molybdenum against catastrophic oxidation. Out of three coatings tested on graphite, a vapor-deposited, silicon carbide coating showed the least damage. American Lava Corp proprietary coating and a 90% W and 10% Zr02, flame-sprayed coating eroded but still protected the graphite against catastrophic oxidation.
Assessment and validation of a microinjection method for kinetic analysis of [Ca2+]i in individual cells undergoing apoptosis (1999)

Normal and malignant epithelial cells are induced to undergo apoptosis by a large variety of mechanistically diverse agents. Regardless of inducing agent, apoptosis characteristically occurs asynchronously within a population of epithelial cells over a period of 12-96 h and is associated with permeability and enzymatic perturbations. Pre-loading of cells with acetoxymethyl esters (AM) derivatives of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators (i.e. fura-2, indo-1, fluo-3) by passive diffusion allows longitudinal kinetic analysis of acute [Ca2+] changes subsequent to exposure to apoptosis inducing agents. Using prostate cancer cell lines, however, it is demonstrated that dye leakage and compartmentalization into organelles limit such passive loading to longitudinal [Ca2+]i measurements of < 2 h. Post-loading of cells exposed to the apoptosis inducing agent for several hours is also inaccurate owing to decreased loading efficiency and de-esterification of the probes resulting in increased production of fluorescent Ca(2+)-insensitive dye species. To accurately measure kinetics of [Ca2+]i changes longitudinally in individual cells undergoing apoptosis, cells were microinjected with fura dextran and maintained in a physiologic environment. [Ca2+] and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis were then followed simultaneously in individual cells over several days following exposure to the apoptosis inducing agent.
Optical resolution of 3-methyl-N-phenylglutaramic acid and synthesis of optically active muscone (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical resolution of 3-methyl-N-phenylglutaramic acid and synthesis of optically active musconeDaiyo Terunuma, Masakazu Motegi, Makoto Tsuda, Takeshi Sawada, Hiromichi Nozawa, and Hiroyuki NohiraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 8, 1630–1632Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00384a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00384a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CONGESTION THEORY AND TRANSPORT INVESTMENT (1969)

Investment in transit facilities necessarily begins by being largely investment in the provision of new routes or new services under conditions of substantial indivisibilities and increasing returns to scale. Under these conditions the usual profitability tests for determining the desirability of specific investments lead generally to under- rather than to over-investment in transit facilities. As investment proceeds, however, larger and larger proportions of transportation investment are made primarily to relieve congestion on existing routes and to expand overall capacity. This paper discusses the investment designed to relieve congestion. For purposes of economic analysis it is useful to distinguish at least six types of congested situations, which are: simple interaction, multiple interaction, bottleneck, triggerneck, network and control, and general density.
Harvesting Ambient Environmental Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey (2014)

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown dramatically and made a great progress in many applications. But having limited life, batteries, as the power sources of wireless sensor nodes, have restricted the development and application of WSNs which often requires a very long lifespan for better performance. In order to make the WSNs prevalent in our lives, an alternative energy source is required. Environmental energy is an attractive power source, and it provides an approach to make the sensor nodes self-powered with the possibility of an almost infinite lifetime. The goal of this survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the various possible energy harvesting technologies from ambient environment for WSNs.