gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease (1999)

We performed in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy on the occipital lobes of 15 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA; eight with olivopontocerebellar atrophy [OPCA] and seven with the striatonigral degeneration variant [SND]), 13 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), and 16 age-matched healthy subjects. The MSA group showed significantly reduced phosphocreatine (PCr), increased inorganic phosphate (Pi), and unchanged cytosolic free [Mg2+], and pH. We did not find any significant difference between the OPCA and SND variants. However, patients with PD showed significantly increased content of Pi, decreased cytosolic free [Mg2+], and unchanged [PCr] and pH. Comparing the MSA and PD groups, [PCr] was significantly lower in MSA than in PD, whereas cytosolic free [Mg2+] was significantly lower in PD. Despite a certain degree of overlap of [PCr] and [Mg2+] values between the two groups, by considering both variables at the same time it was possible to classify correctly 93% of cases by discriminant analysis. We conclude that phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy discloses abnormal phosphate metabolite and ion contents in both MSA and PD, respectively, and may provide noninvasive diagnostic help to differentiate MSA from PD.
Streaming on twitch (2014)

Previously, video streaming sites were at the fringes of online social media. In the past two years, live streams of video games, on sites such as Twitch.tv, have become very popular. Live streams serve as meeting grounds for player communities. The Twitch streaming medium combines broadcast video with open IRC chat channels. In conjunction with gameplay, viewer participation and community building gain emphasis. Twitch streams range in size and nature, from intimate communities with fifty viewers, to massive broadcasts with tens of thousands. In this paper, we present an ethnographic investigation of the live streaming of video games on Twitch.
Low-loss pure-silica-core fibers and their possible impact on transmission systems (2005)

Low-loss optical fibers are now indispensable transmission media for transmission systems. Recently, the ultralow-loss performance for long transmission systems, the water-loss-free performance for wide-band wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems, the hydrogen-loss-insensitive performance for system reliability, and the bending-loss-insensitive performance for access or indoor applications have attracted much interest. In this regard, pure-silica-core fibers (PSCFs) are suitable, and unprecedented low-loss PSCFs have been successfully fabricated. This paper introduces the recent progress of low-loss PSCFs and their possible impact on transmission systems.
Stability Comparison of Imidacloprid and Related Compounds under Simulated Sunlight, Hydrolysis Conditions, and to Oxygen (1995)

Lipophilicity and the tendency for decomposition of imidacloprid and related compounds by oxygen, hydrolytic mediums, and simulated sunlight were studied to see whether these physicochemical factors have any relation to the biological activity of the compounds in vitro, in a greenhouse, or under field conditions. Lipophilicity indices based on HPLC bore no definite relationship with the binding affinity to the acetylcholine receptor. However, the compounds having high insecticidal potential in greenhouse tests were generally less hydrophilic. In neutral water or in an oxygen-saturated solution, the compounds tested were completely stahle. An evident difference was observed in their behavior toward the sunlight wavelength, the nitromethylene compounds decomposing far more rapidly than nitroimines like imidacloprid. The photolability of the nitromethylenes is ascribed to their longer maximum absorption wavelength of over 320 nm.
A channel selection strategy for WLAN in urban areas by regression analysis (2014)

This paper presents a strategy to choose WiFi channels in urban areas. We consider (i) inter-channel interference where adjacent channels interfere with each other in WiFi systems and (ii) urban situations where many APs in different systems are deployed in an uncoordinated way. As it is often hard to identify the channel with less interference in such a situation, we present a channel scoring function that estimates the performance level of each channel. To build the scoring function, we have conducted exhaustive simulations with a large number of scenarios, and multiple regression analysis has been applied where channel occupancy patterns, traffic volumes and RSS in those channels are used as explanatory variables. To evaluate our method, this scoring function was examined in a realistic scenario where several APs interfere with the AP of interest. We have confirmed that the scores and the actual performance are well-matched where the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was sufficiently high and can identify the top-ranked channel as well.
Application of topical pharmacological agents at the site of peripheral nerve injury and methods used for evaluating the success of the regenerative process (2014)

Traumatic injuries of the peripheral nerves are very common. Surgical repair of the damaged nerve is often complicated by scar tissue formation around the damaged nerve itself. The main objective of this study is to present the recent data from animal experimental studies where pharmacological topical agents are used at the site of peripheral nerve repair. Some of the most commonly topical agents used are tacrolimus (FK506), hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, and melatonin, whereas methylprednisolone and vitamin B12 have been used less. These studies have shown that the abovementioned substances have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties though different mechanisms. The successes of the regenerative process of the nerve repair in experimental research, using topical agents, can be evaluated using variety of methods such as morphological, electrophysiologic, and functional evaluation. However, most authors agree that despite good microsurgical repair and topical application of these substances, full regeneration and functional recovery of the nerve injured are almost never achieved.
Mechanisms of human cytomegalovirus persistence and latency (2002)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous beta-herpesvirus that causes severe disease primarily in immunosuppressed individuals. A major characteristic of HCMV with obvious clinical importance is the ability of the virus to establish lifelong infection within the host following the initial acute infection. One strategy used by HCMV to maintain itself within the host is the establishment of cellular sites of persistent infection and viral latency. Recent studies have identified endothelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) as sites of HCMV persistence and latency. These studies show that endothelial cell origin and MDM differentiation pathway are critical factors that influence the characteristics of HCMV replication in these cell types. The specific HCMV genes involved in endothelial cell and MDM tropism are unknown. However, studies in the closely related murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) model have provided considerable insight into viral genes that enable replication in these cell types. This review will focus on mechanisms of HCMV replication in endothelial cells and MDM, and on the viral genes involved in regulation of viral replication in these important cell types.
Britain and the World Economy (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: War, Trade and Empire, 1801–15 Modifying Mercantilism, 1815–46 Free Trade and British Hegemony, 1846–73: ‘The Workshop of the World’ ‘The Gigantic Hinge’: Adjusting to the Great Depression, 1873–96 Fin de Siècle, 1896–1900: How ‘Weary’ was the ‘Titan’?
Multiband excitation coding of speech at 2.0 kbps (2002)

A 2.0 kbps high quality speech coder is presented in the paper. The coding technique is based on the multiband excitation (MBE) model which is efficient in the modelling of speech excitation. The spectral envelope is by linear predictive coding (LPC) The quantization of LPC parameters employs a 2-stage split residual vector quantization (SRVQ) scheme. Performance comparisons with other spectral coding schemes using discrete cosine transform DCT) and two-dimensional differential LSP (2DdLSP) are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inferring transcriptional and microRNA‐mediated regulatory programs in glioblastoma (2012)

Large-scale cancer genomics projects are profiling hundreds of tumors at multiple molecular layers, including copy number, mRNA and miRNA expression, but the mechanistic relationships between these layers are often excluded from computational models. We developed a supervised learning framework for integrating molecular profiles with regulatory sequence information to reveal regulatory programs in cancer, including miRNA-mediated regulation. We applied our approach to 320 glioblastoma profiles and identified key miRNAs and transcription factors as common or subtype-specific drivers of expression changes. We confirmed that predicted gene expression signatures for proneural subtype regulators were consistent with in vivo expression changes in a PDGF-driven mouse model. We tested two predicted proneural drivers, miR-124 and miR-132, both underexpressed in proneural tumors, by overexpression in neurospheres and observed a partial reversal of corresponding tumor expression changes. Computationally dissecting the role of miRNAs in cancer may ultimately lead to small RNA therapeutics tailored to subtype or individual.
Copper‐Mediated Amplification Allows Readout of Immunoassays by the Naked Eye (2011)

An eye for color: Antibodies modified by CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are subjected to immunoreaction with the release of CuII, which can be detected by click chemistry. The Cu acts as a catalyst that induces aggregation of Au NPs functionalized with azide and alkyne groups, which can be seen as a color change (see picture). The detection of HIV in blood serum of infected patients is demonstrated. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A novel method for volumetric assessment of tooth wear using three-dimensional reverse-engineering technology: A preliminary report (2013)

Regional registration of teeth in 3D digital models is useful for quantitative evaluation of tooth wear in orthodontic patients. This method may also be used to assess treatment results in restorative dentistry.
Semiology of typical and atypical Rolandic Epilepsy: a video‐EEG analysis (2001)

Since the first descriptions of Rolandic Epilepsy or benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS), typical and atypical forms have been reported. Indeed, classical focal seizures are sometimes associated with various atypical ictal symptoms and cognitive or behavioural disorders. In an effort to define early clinical and EEG criteria allowing early distinction between typical and atypical forms, we recently conducted a prospective study in a cohort of children with Rolandic Epilepsy. The results of this study have been reported elsewhere. We now discuss the semiological characteristics, and comment on the video-EEG data collected during this study. Symptoms were classified into three major categories: "classical focal seizures"; "spike and wave related symptoms"; and "paraictal symptoms". Classical focal seizures constitute the electroclinical expression of the development and the propagation of a focal cortical neuronal discharge. "Spike and wave related symptoms" are brief neurological or neuropsychological phenomena having a relatively strict temporal relation with individual components of isolated focal or generalized spikes and waves. "Paraictal symptoms" consist of acquired progressive and fluctuating motor or cognitive deficits and are not directly correlated with Todd paralysis. We present detailed video-EEG material of selected cases and discuss the usefulness of such distinctions in terminology. We suggest that variability in clinical expression probably reflects the implication of different pathophysiological mechanisms, which in turn could explain differences in sensitivity to treatment. (Published with videosequences.)
Board assembly system uses vision (1994)

Describes a semi‐automated electronic board assembly station with cut‐and‐clinch technology. Examines the system’s optical correction facility which can correct for component hole registration variations and can also be used for the verification of new assembly programmes and the removal of digitizing errors. Concludes that the system provides manufacturers with highly flexible automation for assembling PCBs, with a consistent and repeatable performance.
Mutation of the Na-K-Cl Co-Transporter Gene Slc12a2 Results in Deafness in Mice (1999)

Hearing impairment is a common human condition, but we know little about the molecular basis of cochlear function. Shaker-with-syndactylism (sy) is a classic deaf mouse mutant and we show here that a second allele, sy(ns), is associated with abnormal production of endolymph, the fluid bathing sensory hair cells. Using a positional candidate approach, we demonstrate that mutations in the gene encoding the basolateral Na-K-Cl co-transporter Slc12a2 (Nkcc1, mBSC2) cause the deafness observed in sy and sy(ns) mice. This finding provides the molecular basis of another link in the chain of K+recycling in the cochlea, a process essential for normal cochlear function.
Bottlebrush-Guided Polymer Crystallization Resulting in Supersoft and Reversibly Moldable Physical Networks (2017)

The goal of this study is to use ABA triblock copolymers with central bottlebrush B segments and crystalline linear chain A segments to demonstrate the effect of side chains on the formation and mechanical properties of physical networks cross-linked by crystallites. For this purpose, a series of bottlebrush copolymers was synthesized consisting of central amorphous bottlebrush polymer segments with a varying degree of polymerization (DP) of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) side chains and linear tail blocks of crystallizable poly(octadecyl acrylate-stat-docosyl acrylate) (poly(ODA-stat-DA)). The materials were generated by sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) steps starting with a series of bifunctional macroinitiators followed by the growth of two ODA-stat-DA linear-chain tails and eventually growing poly(nBA) side chains with increasing DPs. Crystallization of the poly(ODA-stat-DA) tails resulted in a series of reversible physical networks with bottlebrush strands bridging crystalline cross-links. They displayed very low moduli of elasticity of the order of 103–104 Pa. These distinct properties are due to the bottlebrush architecture, wherein densely grafted side chains play a dual role by facilitating disentanglement of the network strands and confining crystallization of the linear-chain tails. This combination leads to physical cross-linking of supersoft networks without percolation of the crystalline phase. The cross-link density was effectively controlled by the DP of the side chains with respect to the DP of the linear tails (nA). Shorter side chains allowed for crystallization of the linear tails of neighboring bottlebrushes, while steric repulsion between longer side chains hindered the phase separation and crystallization process and prevented network formation.
Interventional Radiology in the Chest and Abdomen (1990)

OVER the past 10 years, interventional radiology has become an essential subspecialty of general radiology. It has evolved from providing purely diagnostic information (e.g., antegrade pyelography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography) to offering palliative therapy (e.g., percutaneous nephrostomy and percutaneous biliary drainage). These percutaneous radiologically guided procedures are effective alternatives in the treatment of a variety of abdominal and thoracic disorders.Historically, many of the early developments in percutaneous techniques were first applied to the vascular system; Dotter,1 Grüntzig,2 Amplatz,3 Seldinger,4 Baum,5 and Ring6 and their colleagues developed guidewires, catheters, and balloons that could be used to diagnose and treat various . . .
Maximum-likelihood localization of a camera network from heterogeneous relative measurements (2013)

This paper proposes an algorithm for estimating the absolute pose (position and orientation) of n cameras using relative measurements between pairs of cameras. Our work is inspired by the recent work [1] where the same problem was considered and a distributed algorithm was proposed. In contrast to [1], which fused relative measurements of orientation and bearing between camera pairs, and produced a least squares estimate, we make two novel contributions. First, our algorithm is capable of fusing any type of relative measurement between cameras: relative orientation, relative position, relative bearing, or relative distance, or any combination thereof. Second, the algorithm determines a maximum likelihood estimate of the camera poses when the measurement noises distributions are Gaussian-like in their corresponding Riemannian manifolds. A gradient descent method on the product manifold (SO(3) × R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> is used to compute the estimates. Unlike past probabilistic techniques, our assumed distribution for measurement noise on orientation and bearings are defined on the natural manifolds rather then any parameterization. Though the proposed algorithm is centralized in its computation, we discuss how the computations can be distributed among the cameras. Performance of the proposed algorithm is examined through simulations. Comparison with the algorithm in [1] with non-uniform sensor accuracy reveals which algorithm is most appropriate for a given scenario.
A COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR THE ENTRY-LEVEL RN: ENHANCING CLINICAL DECISION MAKING (2000)

Staff development educators struggle to prepare today's entry-level RN for effective decision making in a new healthcare climate that demands both skill and expertise with patients with high acuity levels. The clinical decision making simulator is an innovative approach to teaching and learning decision-making skills. The authors discuss the development and use of a computer simulation that provides repeated opportunities for clinical decision making for the newly licensed nurse without jeopardizing patient safety.
Microwave oscillations in high-resistivity GaAs (1966)

It has been found that Gunn-effect oscillations in high-resistivity GaAs cease when the product of the conduction electron density and the sample length drops below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> as predicted by theory. The samples investigated exhibited impact ionization of a deep donor level lying 0.41 eV below the conduction band edge when subjected to an applied electric field equal to the Gunn-effect threshold field. Some observations concerning space-charge limited injection of electrons and concerning electrical breakdown in high-resistivity GaAs are also reported.
Orientation in injection molded polystyrene (1979)

Abstract The ultimate properties of injection‐molded thermoplastics articles are controlled to a large extent by flow and heat transfer phenomena that take place during the injection‐molding process. In fact, the thermo‐mechanical history of the melt during the molding process leads to a non‐uniform distribution of many of the critical properties of the molding. Birefringence has been employed as an indirect measure of the distribution of frozen stresses or strains in amorphous polymers. The present study employs birefringence to study the development of frozen stresses in injection‐molded polystyrene. In general, orientation in the flow direction is much greater than the orientation in the transverse direction of the moldings. In the vicinity, of the gate, where mold filling is characterized by spreading radial flow of the melt, the hoop stresses (planar deformation) at the melt front give rise to high orientation in the transverse direction. It appears that relaxation phenomena are not very important during the filling stage; however, they become more, important in the packing and pressure holding stages. With the aid of the appropriate rheo‐optical relationship, it is shown that the distribution of frozen‐in orientation in injection‐molded polystyrene may be estimated on the basis of data relating to pressure variations during the filling stage.
An adaptive analog video line driver with impedance matching based on peak detection (2003)

An analog line driver for video applications is presented. Utilizing a class AB error amplifier structure, the design achieved 1.2 V peak to peak output swing with better than 45 dB linearity for frequencies up to 5 MHz. An adaptive tuning scheme for output impedance matching using peak detection is used to provide uniform performance across line impedance variations. The circuit is designed in AMI 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS technology and has a tuning range of 65 to 135 ohms with a power consumption of about 34 mW.
ANTHROPOMETRY OF INFOANTS, CHILDREN, AND YOUTHS TO AGE 18 FOR PRODUCT SAFETY DESIGN (1977)

A total of 87 traditional and functional body measurements were taken on a sample of 4,127 infants, children and youths representing the United States population aged 2 weeks through 18 years. Measurements were taken throughout the United States by two teams of anthropometrists using an automated anthropometric data acquisition system. Standard anthropometers, calipers, and tape devices were modified to read electronically and input dimensional data directly to a mini-computer for data processing and storage. Summary statistics of measurement results are reported for 16 age groups along with scatter plots of the data points for the sexes combined and males and females separately. Each measurement is described alog with a photgraph and illustration. In addition, bivariate relationships of selected functional measurements with weight or stature are provided along with regression data.