gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application in a chemistry course (2014)

The comprehension of micro-worlds has always been the focus and the challenge of chemistry learning. Junior high school students’ imaginative abilities are not yet mature. As a result, they are not able to visualize microstructures correctly during the beginning stage of chemistry learning. This study targeted “the composition of substances” segment of junior high school chemistry classes and, furthermore, involved the design and development of a set of inquiry-based Augmented Reality learning tools. Students could control, combine and interact with a 3D model of micro-particles using markers and conduct a series of inquiry-based experiments. The AR tool was tested in practice at a junior high school in Shenzhen, China. Through data analysis and discussion, we conclude that (a) the AR tool has a significant supplemental learning effect as a computer-assisted learning tool; (b) the AR tool is more effective for low-achieving students than high-achieving ones; (c) students generally have positive attitudes toward this software; and (d) students’ learning attitudes are positively correlated with their evaluation of the software.
Electrochemically and Photochemically Driven Ring Motions in a Disymmetrical Copper [2]-Catenate (1997)

By applying the three-dimensional template effect of copper(I), previously used for making various interlocking ring systems, a new disymmetrical [2]-catenate has been made which consists of two different interlocking rings. One ring contains a 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dpp) unit whereas the other cycle incorporates both a dpp motif and a 2,2',6',2''-terpyridine (terpy) fragment, the coordination site of these two chelates pointing toward the inside of the ring. Depending on the oxidation state of the central metal (Cu(I) or Cu(II)), and thus on its preferred coordination number, two distinct situations have been observed. With monovalent copper, the two dpp units interact with the metal and the terpy fragment remains free, at the outside of the molecule. By contrast, when the catenate is complexed to divalent copper, the terpy motif is bonded to the metal and it is now a dpp ligand which lies at the periphery of the complex. This dual coordination mode leads to dramatically different molecular shapes and properties for both forms. The molecular motion which interconverts the four- and the five-coordinate complexes can be triggered chemically, electrochemically, or photochemically by changing the oxidation state of the copper center (II/I). The process has been studied by electrochemistry and by UV-vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, once the stable 4-coordinate copper(I) complex has been oxidized to a thermodynamically unstable pseudo-tetrahedral copper(II) species, the rate of the gliding motion of the rings which will afford the stable 5-coordinate species (copper(II) coordinated to dpp and terpy) can be controlled at will. Under certain experimental conditions, the changeover process is extremely slow (weeks), and the 4-coordinate complex is more or less frozen. By contrast, addition of a coordinating counterion to the medium (Cl<sup>-</sup>) enormously speeds up the rearrangement and leads to the thermodynamically stable 5-coordinate complex within minutes.
Waveform Detection and Classification with SAW Cepstrum Analysis (1977)

A prototype real time cepstrum analyzer incorporating surface acoustic wave (SAW), Fourier transform processors is reported. This system offers sophisticated wideband signal processing for radar, sonar, and communications applications. Practical results demonstrate its capabilities when analyzing bandwidths in excess of 10 MHz in a few microseconds with simulated pulsed RF waveforms in the presence of multipath echoes. Pulse duration, repetition interval, and binary code length are resolved and the potential to characterize unknown chirp waveforms is briefly reported.
Changes in Phospholipid Composition within the Dystrophic Muscle by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2004)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease linked to the lack of the dystrophin, a submembrane protein, leading to muscle weakness and associated with a defect of the lipid metabolism. A study of the fatty acid composition of glycerophosphatidylcholines by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) enabled us to characterize a change of the lipid composition of dystrophic cells at the time of the differentiation. This modification has been used as a marker to identify with profiling and imaging MALDI-ToF MS regenerating areas in sections of an mdx mouse leg muscle. It is the first time that such a slight change in fatty acid composition has been observed directly on tissue slices using mass spectrometry. This approach will be useful in monitoring the treatment of muscular regeneration.
Minimal-connectivity circuit for analogue sorting (1999)

A CMOS circuit for sorting analogue current-mode quantities is presented. The highly modular architecture integrates several elementary cells operating at the local level. The VLSI-oriented approach minimises wiring and silicon area, because very few devices are involved. The sorting process is completed in O(n) time. Simulations at the VLSI layout level prove the effectiveness of the approach in neural-network training applications.
Gabor-based needle detection and tracking in three-dimensional ultrasound data volumes (2014)

During needle interventions for e.g. regional anaesthesia or biopsy, it is very important to visualize the needle and its tip with respect to important structures in the body. In this work, we propose a novel image-based needle detection technique in a 3D ultrasound volume dataset, which can improve the intervention. We present a novel application of the 3D Gabor transformation, which exploits needle-like structures with appropriate designs. Furthermore, we introduce a needle tracking algorithm based on Gradient Descent and show that it limits the computational complexity and detection error. Finally, we visualize the needle on 2D cross-sections of the volume in order to be presented to the physician. Evaluation of our system in challenging cases shows a high detection score (up to 100% but needs larger sets) and accurate visualization.
Fine Buildings and Bad Smells (2014)

Abstract The most popular theory on the cause of the plague was miasma—vapours caused by filth, overcrowding, dunghills, excrement, stinking standing water, and putrefying churchyards all polluting the air. Each entrance to the town of Cambridge was marked by a common dunghill. Household waste, manure, rotting vegetation, and dead dogs and cats were deposited on the dunghills, and the stench from these mingled with smells from slaughterhouses. The thick, foul-smelling odour caused by fen fogs and coal smoke combined to form smog or miasma. The idea that bad air could cause disease persisted into the nineteenth century. As miasma was thought to be one of the main causes of the plague, Cambridge was seen as a very unhealthy place and prone to pestilence.
William M. Mann (1959)

Each day I wo,uld stroll alonl the beach to a new stream and follow it to a new part of the forest, in a continual state of exultation over the abundant and interesting sl)ecime.ns.'" AVT HLL ODYSSEY The intense enthusiasm with which William Mann undertook the exploration of remote insect faunas was the dominant note in his unusual and distinguished scientific career. As a young man embark- ing on a series of extensive collecting trips to Brazil, Mexico, the West Indies, the Middle East, the South Pacific, and other parts of the world, he openly sought personal adventure as a major reward of scientific endeavor. The "Ant Hill Odyssey", as he later signified it
Small intestinal permeability in older adults (2014)

Abstract It is not yet clear whether intestinal mucosal permeability changes with advancing age in humans. This question is of high importance for drug and nutrition approaches for older adults. Our main objective was to answer the question if small intestinal barrier integrity deteriorates with healthy aging. We conducted a cross-sectional study including the pooled data of 215 nonsmoking healthy adults (93 female/122 male), 84 of whom were aged between 60 and 82 years. After a 12-h fast, all participants ingested 10 g of lactulose and 5 g of mannitol. Urine was collected for 5 h afterwards and analyzed for test sugars. The permeability index (PI = lactulose/mannitol) was used to assess small intestinal permeability. Low-grade inflammation defined by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥1 mL/L and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) were determined in the older age group. The PI was similar in older compared to younger adults (P = 0.887). However, the urinary recovery of lactulose and mannitol was lower in the older adults and this change was neither associated with urinary volume nor glomerular filtration rate. The PI was not significantly correlated with low-grade inflammation or presence of noninsulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. However, it significantly deteriorated in the copresence of both conditions compared to low-grade inflammation alone (P = 0.043) or type 2 diabetes alone (P = 0.015). Small intestinal mucosal barrier does not deteriorate with age per se. But low-grade inflammation coupled with minor disease challenges, such as type 2 diabetes, can compromise the small intestinal barrier.
IMPRESS (1974)

IMPRESS (Interdisciplinary Machine Processing for Research and Education in the Social Sciences) is an integrated set of computer programs and social science data sets designed to allow students and faculty who have very little computer expertise to analyze and manipulate social science data in a time-sharing environment. The user of IMPRESS need not know computer programming in order to access the 64 data sets currently on disc in the IMPRESS public library, nor is it necessary to prepare data decks or instruction cards. The user's only task is to type in simple English commands at his console and await the return of the tables, plots, and statistics he has requested. Indeed, even the most naive first-time user of IMPRESS can generally produce some sort of intelligent output within an hour or so of his introduction to the system. This interactive capability means that undergraduates can learn non-trivial social science data analysis at the freshman and sophomore level, and that both faculty and students can regularly do their own quantitative research, and incorporate that research in their courses.
Glass box (2006)

The Glass Box is a computer-based environment that unobtrusively captures workstation activity data from analysts engaged in real intelligence analysis activities, with the aim of supporting research leading to the development of more effective tools for the intelligence community. The Glass Box provides automated data capture, analyst annotations, data review/retrieval functions, and an application programming interface enabling applications to integrate, communicate, retrieve, store, and share Glass Box data. Over 100 gigabytes of data representing eight staff years of analysts working in the Glass Box is regularly distributed to the Glass Box community where it is used for research, testing, and product evaluation. Other community members can also use the Glass Box software to capture data from experiments in their own environments.
Smarcd3b and Gata5 promote a cardiac progenitor fate in the zebrafish embryo (2011)

Development of the heart requires recruitment of cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) to the future heart-forming region. CPCs are the building blocks of the heart, and have the potential to form all the major cardiac lineages. However, little is known regarding what regulates CPC fate and behavior. Activity of GATA4, SMARCD3 and TBX5 - the `cardiac BAF' (cBAF) complex, can promote myocardial differentiation in embryonic mouse mesoderm. Here, we exploit the advantages of the zebrafish embryo to gain mechanistic understanding of cBAF activity. Overexpression of smarcd3b and gata5 in zebrafish results in an enlarged heart, whereas combinatorial loss of cBAF components inhibits cardiac differentiation. In transplantation experiments, cBAF acts cell autonomously to promote cardiac fate. Remarkably, cells overexpressing cBAF migrate to the developing heart and differentiate as cardiomyocytes, endocardium and smooth muscle. This is observed even in host embryos that lack endoderm or cardiac mesoderm. Our results reveal an evolutionarily conserved role for cBAF activity in cardiac differentiation. Importantly, they demonstrate that Smarcd3b and Gata5 can induce a primitive, CPC-like state.
Ultrastructural and phenotypic characterization of CABA I, a new human ovarian cancer cell line. (1997)

We have established an ovarian cancer cell line (CABA I) from ascitic fluid obtained from a patient with papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary prior to drug treatment. The epithelial origin of the cell line was confirmed by morphology and by immunofluorescence analysis using anticytokeratin antibodies. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a very irregular membrane surface and a clear cytoplasm rich in electron-lucent vesicles. CABA I cells grow rapidly in culture (doubling time 18 h) in an anchorage-independent manner. Exogenously added beta-estradiol and epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatments did not influence cell growth rate. FACS analysis to determine the phenotypic profile of tumor-associated antigen, membrane receptor, and adhesion molecule expression indicated that the cell line was positive for different members of the c-erbB family, for alpha 6 and beta 1 integrin receptors, and intensively positive for HLA class I antigens and the folate receptor. Molecular characterization revealed no mutations for c-myc and c-k-ras genes, but did detect an exon 5 mutation in the p53 gene. CABA I cells grew poorly as heterotransplants in nude mice, and tumors showed long latency periods. Because early (15-20) and late (55-60) passage cells maintain the same growth and phenotypic characteristics, the CABA I cell line might provide a good in vitro model system to investigate the cellular and molecular events involved in ovarian carcinogenesis.
척추측만증 학생과 정상 학생의 체격, 체력 및 정신건강 비교 (2006)

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there are differences between spinal scoliotic students and normal students in physique (height, weight, chest girth, sitting height), fitness (50m sprint, push-up, standing broad jump, sit and reach, long distance running) and emotional states (tension, anger, depression, vigor, fatigue, confusion). Thirty male middle school students diagnosed of spinal scoliosis in annual school physical examination were served as experimental group. A random class that has same grade male students was served as control group. Independent t-test showed that the spinal scoliltic students are higher than normal students in weight while the chest size of the lower than that of the normal students. Physical fitness levels (50m sprint, push-up, standing broad jump, sit and reach, long distance running) were higher in the normal students compared to the spinal scolittic students. The spinal scoliltic students were also higher in the fatigue and lower in the vigor than the normal students. It was concluded that spinal scoliosis is negatively associated with physique, physical fitness, and mental health in male middle school students. Further studies need to examine if cognitive functions are different between spinal scoliltic and normal students.
Growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate ChimeriVax™‐West Nile (WN) virus in <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes (2003)

In 1999 West Nile (WN) virus was introduced to North America where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'ChimeriVax-West Nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against WN infection. This chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from the wild-type WN NY99 virus (isolated from a flamingo in New York zoo during the 1999 WN epidemic) in the backbone of yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine virus. Replication kinetics of ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus were evaluated in mosquito cell culture (Aedes albopictus C6/36), in WN vector mosquitoes [Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. nigripalpus Theobald and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)] and in YF vectors [Aedes aegypti (L) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse)], to determine whether these mosquitoes become infected through feeding on a viraemic vaccine, and their potential infectivity to transmit the virus. Growth of ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus was found to be restricted in mosquitoes, compared to WN virus in Ae. albopictus C6/36 cells. When inoculated intrathoracically, ChimeriVax-WN(vet) and YF 17D viruses did not replicate in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus or Cx. nigripalpus; replication was very restricted compared to the wild-type WN virus in Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. When fed on hanging drops with ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus (7.7 log10 PFU/mL), none of the Culex mosquitoes became infected; one Ae. albopictus and 10% of the Ae. aegypti became infected, but the titre was very low and virus did not disseminate to head tissue. ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus had a replication profile similar to that of the attenuated vaccine virus YF 17D, which is not transmitted by mosquitoes. These results suggest that the natural mosquito vectors of WN and YF viruses, which may incidentally take a bloodmeal from a vaccinated host, will not become infected with ChimeriVax-WN(vet) virus.
The Human EKC/KEOPS Complex Is Recruited to Cullin2 Ubiquitin Ligases by the Human Tumour Antigen PRAME (2012)

The human tumour antigen PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma) is frequently overexpressed during oncogenesis, and high PRAME levels are associated with poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular pathways in which PRAME is implicated are not well understood. We recently characterized PRAME as a BC-box subunit of a Cullin2-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we mined the PRAME interactome to a deeper level and identified specific interactions with OSGEP and LAGE3, which are human orthologues of the ancient EKC/KEOPS complex. By characterizing biochemically the human EKC complex and its interactions with PRAME, we show that PRAME recruits a Cul2 ubiquitin ligase to EKC. Moreover, EKC subunits associate with PRAME target sites on chromatin. Our data reveal a novel link between the oncoprotein PRAME and the conserved EKC complex and support a role for both complexes in the same pathways.
Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis Is a Risk for Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Lung Transplantation (2010)

Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis affects more than 20% of lung transplant recipients. Despite treatment, it increases the risk for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and death. More effective preventive strategies for cytomegalovirus pneumonitis are needed to improve long-term outcomes after lung transplantation.
Does Pay-for-Performance Improve the Quality of Health Care? (2006)

Ongoing monitoring of incentive programs is critical to determine the effectiveness of financial incentives and their possible unintended effects on quality of care. Further research is needed to guide implementation of financial incentives and to assess their cost-effectiveness.
Cold Sprayed Nanostructured WC-Co (2001)

Abstract The cold spray process was used to prepare nanostructured WC-Co coatings. The coating microstructural characteristics and phase composition were analyzed via optical microscopy, SEM and XRD. The morphology and microstructure of the nanostructured WC-Co powder were also analyzed by SEM and XRD. A 10µm thick coating was achieved. The results show that there is no degradation of the WC-Co powder during the cold spray process and well-bonded and phase-pure WC coating can be produced by the cold spray process.
Performance analysis and comparison of different multirate TH-UWB systems: uncoded and coded schemes (2005)

Multirate time hopping ultra wideband (TH-UWB) communication systems are considered where each user can have several multirate services. Three methods named as parallel mapping, serial mapping with variable spreading factor, and multicode using Walsh subcode concatenation schemes are investigated. In the parallel mapping method, one kind of signature code (PN code) is used to distinguish users and their diverse services alike. For the serial mapping with variable spreading factor scheme, one signature code is assigned to each user and different services send their data in distinct frames. Whereas in the multicode using Walsh subcode method, different users and different services of the same user are distinguished through two kinds of signature codes, namely PN codes and Walsh codes, respectively. The performance of these three multirate TH-UWB systems is evaluated and compared for both uncoded and coded schemes in synchronous AWGN channel using conventional single user correlator receiver. The analytical and numerical results indicate that while the multicode using Walsh subcode structure outperforms the other structures in the uncoded system, the parallel mapping method performs the best for the coded scheme. The results also show that even though the coded scheme considered requires the same bandwidth as the uncoded scheme, the coded scheme significantly outperforms the uncoded scheme for all three multirate structures.
Epidemiological Evidence of the Spread of a <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strain of the Beijing Genotype on Gran Canaria Island (2001)

Molecular epidemiological studies suggest that particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have an enhanced capacity to spread within a community. One strain, the Beijing genotype, has been associated with outbreaks in a number of communities throughout the world. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on M. tuberculosis isolates from 566 of the 721 patients (78.5%) diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) on Gran Canaria Island from 1993 to 1996, as well as 35% of isolates from 1991-1992 (85 strains). RFLP identification of the family of strains of the Beijing genotype was confirmed by spoligotyping. Medical records of all patients were reviewed and epidemiological links were identified. Of 566 M. tuberculosis isolates from 1993 to 1996 with RFLP available, 72% belonged to clusters. The largest contained 75 cases and was caused by a strain of the Beijing genotype that was introduced to the island in 1993. It was found in 10 patients in 1993 (5.5%), 12 in 1994 (8.1%), 18 in 1995 (16.4%), and 35 in 1996 (27.1%). Epidemiological linkage was confirmed for 68% of cases. This study has demonstrated rapid dissemination of this strain of the Beijing genotype. This genotype might play an important role in the future of the worldwide tuberculosis epidemic.