gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Arylboron Compounds as Acid Catalysts in Organic Synthetic Transformations (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parathyroid Hormone Modulates Angiotensin II-Induced Aldosterone Secretion from the Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell* (1991)

The effect of PTH on aldosterone secretion from isolated bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells was examined. PTH binding was autoradiographically localized to the adrenal cortex, suggesting a specific effect. This binding of PTH was displaceable by cold PTH, but not by ACTH. No binding was observed in the adrenal medulla. In addition, PTH was shown to stimulate aldosterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner and to potentiate aldosterone secretion in response to angiotensin-II, such that PTH (10(-9)M) elevated the secretory rate from 58.6 +/- 6.8 to 110.9 +/- 19 pg/min.million cells in the presence of 10 nM angiotensin-II. The magnitude of the synergism between the two hormones depended on the concentrations of PTH and angiotensin-II as well as the time during which aldosterone secretion was measured. Within the first 15 min of stimulation, PTH increased the sensitivity to angiotensin-II, shifting the Ka for activation from 1.0 to 0.3 nM. In contrast, between 30-45 min of angiotensin-II stimulation, PTH elevated the maximal secretory response to angiotensin-II from 109 +/- 3.4 to 219 +/- 13.3 pg/min.million cells. By itself PTH elicited only a small increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as measured by aequorin luminescence in glomerulosa cells. In cells pretreated with angiotensin-II or 15 mM potassium, the intracellular calcium response to PTH was markedly potentiated. PTH was also found to cause a small increase in the cellular cAMP content. Thus, PTH stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal glomerulosa cells, both alone and in combination with angiotensin-II.
Numerical simulation of resistance performance according to surface roughness in container ships (2019)

In recent years, oil prices have continued to be low owing to the development of unconventional resources such as shale gas, coalbed methane gas, and tight gas. However, shipping companies are still experiencing difficulties because of recession in the shipping market. Hence, they devote considerable effort toward reducing operating costs. One of the important parameters for reducing operating costs is the frictional resistance of vessels. Generally, a vessel is covered with paint for smoothing its surface. However, frictional resistance increases with time owing to surface roughness, such as that caused by fouling. To prevent this, shipping companies periodically clean or repaint the surfaces of vessels using analyzed operating data. In addition, studies using various methods have been continuously carried out to identify this phenomenon such as fouling for managing ships more efficiently. In this study, numerical simulation was used to analyze the change in the resistance performance of a ship owing to an increase in surface roughness using commercial software, i.e., Star-CCM+, which solves the continuity and Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible and viscous flow. The conditions for numerical simulation were verified through comparison with experiments, and these conditions were applied to three ships to evaluate resistance performance according to surface roughness.
A Critical Role for Rac1 in Tumor Progression of Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (2007)

Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the second cause of cancer mortality in developed countries. Rac1 is a member of the family of Rho GTPases that regulates many intracellular signaling pathways, including those involved in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We have investigated the role of Rac1 in colorectal tumor progression by genetic modification of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW620 to either overexpress Rac1 or lack Rac1 expression. Tumor behavior was studied by orthotopic injection of stably modified cell lines into the cecal wall of athymic nude mice, a model that replicates the histopathological appearance and clinical behavior of human colorectal adenocarcinoma in humans. While overexpression of Rac1 resulted in an accelerated tumorigenic process, inducing a faster mortality rate, inhibition of Rac1 completely suppressed tumor formation. These results suggest that Rac1 plays a major role in colorectal adenocarcinoma progression. Finally, interference with Rac1 function may provide an important tool to block the malignant phenotype of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
Development of a sample preparation method for fungal proteomics (2005)

Since filamentous fungi including basidiomycetous fungi possess an exceptionally robust cell wall as in microorganisms, effective extraction of intracellular proteins is a key step for fungal proteomic studies. To overcome the experimental obstacle caused by cell walls, we utilized fungal protoplasts, prepared from the brown-rot basidiomycete, Tyromyces palustris. The amount and quality of proteins extracted from the protoplast cells were much higher than that from the mycelial cells. Quantitative comparisons of proteome maps prepared from mycelial and protoplast cells indicated protein spots with a wider range of molecular weights and pIs in the protoplast sample. Furthermore, no streaking or tailing was observed in the protoplasts, suggesting that effective extraction of intracellular proteins from protoplasts might help suppress degradation of proteins during this process. In addition to the efficiency of protein extraction, simple and efficient subcellular fractionation was also achieved using protoplast cells.
Why Are DNA and Protein Electron Transfer So Different? (2019)

The corpus of electron transfer (ET) theory provides considerable power to describe the kinetics and dynamics of electron flow at the nanoscale. How is it, then, that nucleic acid (NA) ET continues to surprise, while protein-mediated ET is relatively free of mechanistic bombshells? I suggest that this difference originates in the distinct electronic energy landscapes for the two classes of reactions. In proteins, the donor/acceptor-to-bridge energy gap is typically several-fold larger than in NAs. NA ET can access tunneling, hopping, and resonant transport among the bases, and fluctuations can enable switching among mechanisms; protein ET is restricted to tunneling among redox active cofactors and, under strongly oxidizing conditions, a few privileged amino acid side chains. This review aims to provide conceptual unity to DNA and protein ET reaction mechanisms. The establishment of a unified mechanistic framework enabled the successful design of NA experiments that switch electronic coherence effects on and off for ET processes on a length scale of multiple nanometers and promises to provide inroads to directing and detecting charge flow in soft-wet matter.
The US Approach to Transitional Justice (2015)

Abstract Chapter 1 first provides an overview of the multiple sources of foreign policy that shape state behavior abroad. Key sources include the external environment, the societal environment of the nation, the bureaucratic setting in which policymaking occurs, and the individual characteristics of policymakers. The chapter then describes how these sources help reveal a distinctive US approach to transitional justice that is symbolic, retributive, and strategic, and explores each of these characteristics in turn. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of the US approach for the field of transitional justice and for US foreign policy.
Secure communication in TDS-OFDM system using constellation rotation and noise insertion (2010)

Time-domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) is the key technology of Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard. However, the issue of security was not considered, and this limits its application in commercial or military scenarios where secure communication is very important. This paper proposes an encryption scheme based on pseudo random constellation rotation and weak artificial noise insertion, which jointly utilizes the pseudo random key and the irreversible property of wireless channel to guarantee the physical layer security of TDS-OFDM system. Simulation results show that the proposed security scheme can protect the system from eavesdroppers, while the legal receivers only suffer a negligible bit error rate (BER) performance loss compared with the conventional TDS-OFDM system without security.
A new multiplexing method using multi-voltage threshold based PET DAQ with FPGA and exclusive-OR logic gate (2014)

This study demonstrated that the proposed channel reduction method using MVT could develop the PET DAQ. The main advantage is simple design of electronics and DAQ, scalable design for PET system and easy data processing using FPGA. Further study will be performed to develop PET system using the proposed DAQ system.
Evaluation of sidelobe-canceller performance (1982)

A sidelobe canceller (SLC) can be efficiently employed to reduce the effects of jammers on a radar system. The paper deals with the evaluation of SLC performance, taking into account the estimation errors of the weighting coefficients of the auxiliary antennas. An explicit formula for the cancellation is given as a function of the ratio of the closed-loop bandwidth of the adaptive circuits and the radar receiver bandwidth, for one (single-sidelobe canceller, SSLC) auxiliary antenna and two (double-sidelobe canceller, DSLC) auxiliary antennas of the adaptive array and for one jammer. Therefore a relationship between the system adaption speed and the accuracy in the estimation of the jamming signal is obtained. A comparison is made between the performance of the two systems. From this analysis, a suitable selection of circuit parameters is suggested. Extensions are also made for any number of auxiliary antennas and for more than one jammer.
Aluminofluoride‐ and Epidermal Growth Factor‐Stimulated DNA Synthesis in MOB 3‐4‐F2 Cells (1991)

In attempt to study the mechanism of F(-)-induced, osteoblast-mediated bone formation, we tried to show the characteristics of Al-F complex-induced mitogenesis in osteoblastic cells. The MOB 3-4-F2 cell line, an osteoblast-like cell line derived from neonatal mouse calvaria, responded to F- (1-2 mM) combined with Al3+ and epidermal growth factor (EGF, 0.01-100 ng/ml) with increased DNA synthesis. Of the several types of Al-F complexes, AlF4- is thought to act as a mitogenic factor. On the other hand, NaF at high concentrations (greater than 2 mM) markedly decreased cell viability. The AlF(4-)-stimulated DNA synthesis at least with a delay of 48 hr, while EGF stimulated DNA synthesis within a few hours (4-6 hr). Both 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7) and staurosporine, inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), further enhanced DNA synthesis in AlF(4-)-treated cells, whereas 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of PKC, decreased the DNA synthesis. In EGF-treated cells, staurosporine and TPA, but not H-7, decreased DNA synthesis. In addition, indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, partly inhibited the EGF-induced mitogenesis, which, however, was restored by addition of PGE2. AlF4-, as well as EGF, stimulated the release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Indomethacin failed to inhibit the AlF(4-)-induced mitogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Finasteride in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1992)

The treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with 5 mg of finasteride per day results in a significant decrease in symptoms of obstruction, an increase in urinary flow, and a decrease in prostatic volume, but at a slightly increased risk of sexual dysfunction.
Stomatal responses to alterations of soil and air humidity in grapevines (2015)

In 1985, during 31 diurnal cycles the assimilation and transpiration of unstressed (predawn Ψw -2 to -3 bar) and cyclically stressed (predawn Ψw -2 to -8 bar) Riesling and Silvaner vines were recorded: • In unstressed vines, the average stomatal conductance at daily maximum assimilation (g at Amax) was lower in Riesling than in Silvaner ( - 29 % ). The higher water use efficiency (assimilation to transpiration ratio, A/E at Amax) of Riesling was mainly due to its lower transpiration. At reduced water supply, g (at Amax) was reduced in both varieties causing a decline of A and E (at Amax); especially in Riesling the A/E ratio ( at Amax) was increased due to water stress. • g (at Amax) and Amax were always positively correlated. In Silvaner, water stress led to a steeper slope of the regression line which indicates an increase of adaptation to drought; in Riesling, water stress caused a higher correlation coefficient. This closer correlation at water stress, the high A/E ratio (at Amax) and the steep slope of the regression line suggest that Riesling, especially under stress conditions, has a more precise functioning of stomatal action and herewith a higher adaptability to drought conditions than Silvaner. • In unstressed vines, the A/E ratio (daily average values) declined at increasing leaf-air water vapor pressure difference (∆w), Riesling exhibiting generally higher A/E values than Silvaner. In 1986, Riesling leaves were subjected to increasing ∆w (from 13 to 18 mbar · bar-1) at constant light and temperature: • At high leaf water potentials ( -4 to - 6 bar), alterations of ∆w led to simultanous decreases of g, A and E. Related to stomatal conductance, transpiration increased in a linear, assimilation in a curvilinear manner. The optimal stomatal conductance was given where the marginal transpiration rate equaled the marginal assimilation rate; the A/E ratio and the correlation coefficient g (at Amax)-Amax were found tobe highest in that range of stomatal conductance.
Short-range self-pulsed optical radar (1981)

Laser for radar device is retriggered when previous laser pulse is reflected from target. Target range R is computed from number of pulses triggered per time interval. Radar accurately measures distances up to 500 meters; it is useful for determining surface shape of relfectors in large, high-gain, highly directional antennas and for other short-range surveying.
Mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate HO-1 gene transcription after ischemia-reperfusion lung injury (2002)

Lung ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) is an important model of oxidant-mediated acute lung and vascular injury. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective gene that is markedly induced by lung I-R injury. HO-1 mRNA is increased in mouse lung after 30 min of lung hilar clamping (ischemia) followed by 2-6 h of unclamping (reperfusion) compared with control mice. In a variety of vascular cell types, HO-1 mRNA is induced after 24 h of anoxia followed by 30 min-1 h of reoxygenation (A-R). Transfection studies reveal that the promoter and 5'-distal enhancer E1 are necessary and sufficient for increased HO-1 gene transcription after A-R. Immunoblotting studies show all three subfamilies of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38) are activated by 15 min of reperfusion. We also demonstrate that HO-1 gene transcription after A-R involves ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. Together, our data show that I-R not only induces HO-1 gene expression in mouse lungs and vascular cells but that gene transcription occurs via the promoter and E1 enhancer and involves upstream MAPK pathways.
Influence of strain-induced indium clustering on characteristics of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells with high indium composition (2002)

We report the effect of strain-induced indium clustering on the emission properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells grown with high indium composition by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Indium clustering confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy results in the redshift of the emission peak and the increase of the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity. We found that strong carrier localization in indium clustering induces the increases of the activation energy of PL integrated intensity, the temperature independence of PL decay profiles, and the intensity fluctuation of the cathodoluminescence images. All these observations suggest structurally and optically that the improved emission properties in the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well with high indium composition are associated with the localized states in the strain-induced indium cluster.
A Novel Transglutaminase Substrate from<i>Streptomyces mobaraensis</i>Triggers Autolysis of Neutral Metalloproteases (2009)

Transglutaminase (TGase) from Streptomyces mobaraensis is a Ca(2+) independent enzyme that cross-links proteins to high molecular weight aggregates. A dispase autolysis inducing protein (DAIP) was identified as an intrinsic TGase substrate exhibiting accessible glutamine and lysine residues. DAIP modification during culture by TGase resulted in deamidation of reactive glutamines, formation of glutamic/lysine residue pairs, and failure of cross-linking. The reactivity of modified DAIP can be restored to some extent by N-lauroylamido-3-N',N'-dimethylpropyl amine, thus exposing concertedly buried glutamines and lysines. The novel TGase substrate differs considerably from the well known Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitors in higher molecular mass (37 kDa), lower pI (7.1-7.2), moderate thermo-stability, and the mode of erasing dispase activity. Our experiments suggested that DAIP induces autolysis without removal of essential metals, such as Ca(2+) and Zn(2+). Among other endoproteases, only thermolysin was similarly affected, but at considerably higher DAIP concentrations, due to simultaneous degradation of DAIP.
Cryostat for Tension Testing in the Temperature Range 4 to 300°K (1965)

A cryostat with a load capacity of 10 000 lb has been designed for use with standard tensile testing equipment in the temperature range 4 to 300°K. Specimens up to 12.7 cm long can be mounted easily on the grip rods through an opening in the front of the test chamber. The cryostat is used in conjunction with a 10 000 lb Instron tension testing machine containing a stress-strain recorder and strain pacer.
Design of a quadratic filter for contrast - assisted ultrasonic imaging based on 2D gaussian filters (2010)

We present a novel design of quadratic filters (QFs) in the frequency domain in order to improve the quality of contrastassisted ultrasound images for medical diagnosis. The QF is designed as a 2D linear-phase filter. In addition, the magnitude is based on the sum of two 2D Gaussian filters. The centers of the Gaussian filters are placed at the locations where the power strength of signals from ultrasound contrast agent over surrounding tissue is maximal. The design parameters consist of two centers and a standard deviation (SD) of the Gaussian filters. The coefficients of the QF are obtained using the inverse discreteFourier transform. The QFs from the proposed design method are evaluated using in vivo ultrasound data, i.e., the kidney of aguinea pig. We find that the appropriate SD and two center points of the QF for the in vivo data are at 0.34, (3.30, 3.30) and (-3.30,-3.30) MHz, respectively. Results show that the images produced from the output signals of the new design are superior to theoriginal B-mode both in terms of contrast and spatial resolution. The quadratic image provides clear visualization of thekidney shape and large vascular structures inside the kidney. The contrast-to-tissue ratio value of quadratic image is 24.8 dBcompared to -1.5 dB from the B-mode image. In addition, we can use this new design approach as an efficient tool to furtherimprove the QF in producing better contrast-assisted ultrasound images for medical diagnostic purposes.
Modulo pre-equalization of nonlinear communication channels (2003)

Compensating for nonlinear distortions is of interest in low- and high-power satellite communications, magnetic recording, and multicarrier systems such as OFDM and discrete multi-tone (DMT) where non-constant modulus transmissions increase the peak-to-average power ratio. A digital zero-forcing (ZF) predistorter, based on module arithmetic, is developed to equalize nonlinear Volterra channels whose estimates are available at the transmitter.
Aspects of the Kalina technology applied to geothermal power production (1989)

This report contains the results of studies conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) concerning the applicability of the Kalina technology to geothermal (hydrothermal) power production. This report represents a correction and addition to that report. The Heat Cycle Research Program (HCRP) has as its primary goal the cost-effective production of electric power from moderate temperature hydrothermal resources. Recent work has included the study of supercritical cycles with counterflow condensation which utilize mixtures as working fluids. These advanced concepts are projected to give a 20 to 30% improvement in power produced per unit geofluid flow rate (geofluid effectiveness, w hr/lb). The original Kalina cycle is a system which is similar to the cycles being studied in the Heat Cycle Research program and it was felt that this new cycle should be studied in the geothermal context. 15 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Convenient synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient synthesis of 5-fluorouracilR. H. Hesse, D. H. R. Barton, H. T. Toh, and M. M. PechetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 2, 329–330Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00967a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1402Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts