gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IONTOPHORETIC INTRODUCTION OF ATROPINE AND SCOPOLAMINE INTO THE RABBIT EYE (1943)

Repeated attempts were made to introduce the common mydriatics employed in ophthalmology by means of a galvanic current<sup>1</sup>because an increased activity of these drugs is desirable in a number of pathologic conditions of the eye. Rochat<sup>la</sup>studied the iontophoretic administration of atropine and other alkaloids in experiments on rabbits and by clinical observation. When other clinical methods had failed, he demonstrated the effectiveness of the iontophoretic method in breaking resistant posterior synechias despite the low concentration of the atropine sulfate solution (0.1 per cent). Rochat based his conclusions on measurements of the pupils of treated eyes. He did not consider, however, the effect of electric current per se, which increases or decreases the size of the pupil in different degrees according to the strength of the current and the length and method of application. Quantitative determinations of the mydriatics found in different parts of the eye after
New Two-Dimensional Solid State Pixel Detectors With Dedicated Front-End Integrated Circuits for X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Imaging (2009)

New two-dimensional (2D) position sensitive solid state pixel detectors with dedicated multi-channel mixed-signal front-end readout integrated circuits (ICs) have been developed for x-ray and gamma ray imaging. These pixel detectors were designed to be versatile and accommodate many types of position-sensitive solid-state sensors. These 2D pixel detectors are designed to address the needs of a wide range of photon counting applications with high energy resolution imaging, high spatial resolution and for fast photon counting with simultaneous multiple energy binning capability. The first family of these pixel detectors is intended for spectroscopy applications with sensors such as Si, Ge, GaAs, HgI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , PbI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , Se, CdTe and CdZnTe in a variety of configurations to detect and image x-rays and gamma-rays of energies up to 1.3 MeV. The second family is developed for fast photon counting with simultaneous energy binning. They can be used with similar solid state sensors. The third family is for high spatial resolution imaging with resolution down to 50 times 50 micron.
Response of TT virus to IFN plus ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2004)

No TTV sustained response can be achieved in any patient after PEG-IFN plus ribavirin administration.
Regulation of photosynthesis in the unicellular acidophilic red alga <i>Galdieria sulphuraria</i><sup>†</sup> (2007)

Extremophilic organisms are gaining increasing interest because of their unique metabolic capacities and great biotechnological potential. The unicellular acidophilic and mesothermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (074G) can grow autotrophically in light as well as heterotrophically in the dark. In this paper, the effects of externally added glucose on primary and secondary photosynthetic reactions are assessed to elucidate mixotrophic capacities of the alga. Photosynthetic O2 evolution was quantified in an open system with a constant supply of CO2 to avoid rapid volatilization of dissolved inorganic carbon at low pH levels. In the presence of glucose, O2 evolution was repressed even in illuminated cells. Ratios of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and 77 K fluorescence spectra indicated a reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The results were corroborated by strongly reduced levels of the photosystem II reaction centre protein D1. The downregulation of primary photosynthetic reactions was accompanied by reduced levels of the Calvin Cycle enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Both effects depended on functional sugar uptake and are thus initiated by intracellular rather than extracellular glucose. Following glucose depletion, photosynthetic O2 evolution of illuminated cells commenced after 15 h and Rubisco levels again reached the levels of autotrophic cells. It is concluded that true mixotrophy, involving electron transport across both photosystems, does not occur in G. sulphuraria 074G, and that heterotrophic growth is favoured over autotrophic growth if sufficient organic carbon is available.
Autocrine and Paracrine Chemokine Receptor 7 Activation in Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Therapy (2008)

Secretion of CCL19 and CCL21 by SCCHN cells and by paracrine sources combine to promote activation of CCR7 prosurvival signaling associated with tumor progression and disease relapse. CCR7 and its cognate chemokines may be useful biomarkers of SCCHN progression, and blockade of CCR7-mediated signaling may enhance the efficacy of platinum- and EGFR-based therapies.
Comparison of shear velocity dispersion in viscoelastic phantoms measured by ultrasound-based shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance elastography (2017)

Pathological processes in soft tissues cause changes in mechanical properties. Elastography methods have emerged to make quantitative measurements of the shear modulus or shear wave speed (SWS) as a noninvasive way to provide diagnostic information. In an effort to standardize ultrasound-based measurements of SWS, the Radiological Society of North America Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (RSNA QIBA) has established working groups to develop profiles for different biomarkers including the use of SWS for staging of patients with liver fibrosis. To understand how ultrasound-based measurements vary with tissue viscoelasticity, measurements were made in viscoelastic phantoms with ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (US-SWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) over a wide frequency range.
Refractory metal carbide coatings for LMFBR applications—A systems approach (1975)

Selection of existing coatings or the design of new coatings for wear resistance in sodium-cooled nuclear reactors, particularly applications for core components, requires consideration of numerous unique criteria associated with this class of reactors. Wear resistance, low friction characteristics, and long-term, high-temperature chemical compatibility with the coolant and with the substrate are among the major concerns. Thermal transients in this high-temperature environment necessitate coatings with adequate thermal shock resistance. High neutron fluences require materials that are stable under irradiation and which do not transmute to undesirable elements. The selection, testing, and improvement of high-density, tightly bonded plasma and detonation- gun coatings designed to meet all of these criteria are described. The process descriptions include a review of the important developments in substrate surface preparation which are required to ensure strong bonding and to minimize interface contamination. Coating finishing techniques which were developed to optimize friction behavior are also described. The need for low-friction behavior has been an important requirement in the design of the coatings. Chromium-carbide coatings with a Ni–Cr binder applied with a detonation gun have been shown to possess acceptable friction, wear, and corrosion properties. Further enhancement of these properties was made through modification of the metallic binder particle size and the cabide–binder ratio. The use of Inconel 718, Mo, and Tribaboy 700 binders were evaluated in an effort to improve the friction and self-welding characteristics as well as to improve the corrosion resistance in liquid Na.
Separation of organic liquid mixture by flexible nanofibrous membranes with precisely tunable wettability (2016)

Separation of liquid mixtures, especially organic liquid mixtures, is widely used in industrial processes but still faces challenges with respect to separation in a high-efficiency, low-energy mode. In this work, we report a flexible wettability-tunable nanofibrous membrane composed of a high-performance fluoro-polymer as the matrix and fluorosilane as a surface energy regulator that can be successfully applied in immiscible organic liquid mixture separation. The separation is achieved by tuning the surface energy of a membrane to a value between the surface tensions of two organic liquids. Moreover, for use in different mixed liquid systems, we programmatically designed nanofibrous membranes with the proper surface energy that could intercept the relatively high surface tension liquid and allow the low surface tension liquid to pass through. These membranes are expected to become a competitive candidate for complex organic chemical product separation, resource recycling, and environmental protection. Polymer nanofibre membranes with tunable wetting properties can match the surface tension of complex liquids and separate them. Purifying organic liquids with similar physical properties often requires energy-intensive methods. However, a membrane developed by Yong Zhao from Beihang University in China and colleagues offers high-throughput separation, thanks to incorporate of ‘dopants’ made from long silicon fluorocarbon chains, which repel both water and oil, into electrospun nanofibres made from poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene enabled the team to selectively adjust membrane wetting to match organic liquid targets. With organic liquids having slightly different surface tensions, such as propylene glycol and benzene solutions, the membranes intercepted the high-surface tension liquid while the other passed through spontaneously. The flexible membrane offers improved mechanical properties over conventional ceramic membranes and is promising for cleaning oil spills and treating other environmental problems. Organic liquid separation is currently an important but troublesome issue, which closely related to resource recycling and environmental protection. Here we reported a wettability-tunable nanofibrous membrane that can be used for efficient separation of wide ranges of immiscible organic liquid mixtures.
In vivo measurement of the brain and skull resistivities using an eit-based method and realistic models for the head (2003)

In vivo measurements of equivalent resistivities of skull (rho(skull)) and brain (rho(brain)) are performed for six subjects using an electric impedance tomography (EIT)-based method and realistic models for the head. The classical boundary element method (BEM) formulation for EIT is very time consuming. However, the application of the Sherman-Morrison formula reduces the computation time by a factor of 5. Using an optimal point distribution in the BEM model to optimize its accuracy, decreasing systematic errors of numerical origin, is important because cost functions are shallow. Results demonstrate that rho(skull)/rho(brain) is more likely to be within 20 and 50 rather than equal to the commonly accepted value of 80. The variation in rho(brain)(average = 301 omega x cm, SD = 13%) and rho(skull)(average = 12230 omega x cm, SD = 18%) is decreased by half, when compared with the results using the sphere model, showing that the correction for geometry errors is essential to obtain realistic estimations. However, a factor of 2.4 may still exist between values of rho(skull)/rho(brain) corresponding to different subjects. Earlier results show the necessity of calibrating rho(brain) and rho(skull) by measuring them in vivo for each subject, in order to decrease errors associated with the electroencephalogram inverse problem. We show that the proposed method is suited to this goal.
<title>Implementation of a 3-D stereovision system for the production of customized orthotic accessories</title> (1991)

A significant proportion of the disabled population has seating requirements that simply are not addressed adequately by the available range of standard commercial wheelchair products. Attempts at addressing the seating needs of this group typically have been carried out in major healthcare facilities. The usual process has been to make major modifications and/or additions to standard wheelchair componentry. Generally, each client would require a unique set of modifications to the wheelchair, in essence resulting in a seat system custom-made for the individual. Such modification procedures are expensive and time consuming and, depending on complexity, can typically result in waiting periods of up to one year or more before delivery of the finished seating product. In an attempt to reduce cost and delivery time of such seating products, about six years ago Otto Bock Orthopedic Industries of Canada Ltd. introduced the Modular Orthotic Seating System (MOSS). The system consists of extruded aluminum seat and back frames designed to accept a suite of specifically contoured, molded polyurethane seat and back cushions, and a range of accessories and supportive devices. The frames are subsequently mounted to a wheelbase. The frame system comes in a variety of widths and features variable seat depth, back height, and seat-to-back angle. With these stock components the MOSS system provides a cost- and time-effective way of delivering a high degree of customized fit for the moderately to severely disabled client.
Electronically adjustable delay for Josephson technology (1982)

An electronically adjustable time delay circuit for superconducting technology is reported. In conjunction with a superconducting sampler on the same chip, the delay circuit has allowed measurement of waveforms with an apparent resolution of 8.5 ps. The delay circuit permits flicker-free oscilloscope displays of fast waveforms, and provides the circuitry needed for further speed advances in superconducting sampling and other ultra-fast measurement techniques.
Cephalad migration of morphine in CSF following lumbar epidural administration in patients with cancer pain (1985)

This study examines the cephalad migration of morphine in CSF following lumbar epidural administration in cancer patients with pain. Fourteen cancer patients were administered 10 mg of morphine in 10 ml of normal saline via an epidural catheter inserted in the lumbar region (usually L2.3) and attached to a subcutaneously implanted portal for drug administration. There was a rapid vascular uptake of morphine from the epidural space with a mean (+/- S.D.) peak blood concentration of 110 +/- 32 ng/ml (range 76-182 ng/ml and the mean time associated with this peak blood concentration was 5.1 +/- 2.3 min (range 2-10 min). A cervical CSF sample was obtained from the C7-T1 interspace in each patient at one of the following times from the completion of the epidural morphine dose: 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 or 360 min. There was a delay of at least 60 min before morphine was detected in significant concentrations (approximately 300 ng/ml) in the cervical CSF samples and peak CSF concentrations occurred after approximately 3 h. The results of this study are compatable with the hypothesis that the delayed onset of respiratory depression sometimes observed following epidural morphine in opioid naive patients results from significant amounts of morphine reaching the respiratory centre in the brain-stem as a consequence of passive CSF flow in a rostral direction from the lumbar region.
Development and Molecular Characterization of Human Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Aborted Fetal Tissue as a Model to Study Mechanism of Spontaneous Abortion (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an important component in stem cell therapies and can be isolated from various adult tissues. The human placenta is a fetomaternal organ having a high population of multipotent stem cells with better plasticity and differential potential. It is interesting to see the molecular phenotypes of these stem cells in placenta obtained from aborted fetus to understand the mechanism of spontaneous abortion. In the present study, we have proposed to isolate multipotent stem cells from human aborted placental tissue and characterized them by using molecular and morphological analysis. Our study has shown that the placenta derived Mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) have elongated epithelioid like morphology and showed high pluripotency potential by expressing Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 along with expression of Mesenchymal, hematopoietic, cytokine and chemokine markers. We have further shown that hPMSCs cells have the capacity for spontaneous differentiation into cardiomyocytes and osteocytes which have confirmed the expression of specific cardiac and osteogenic markers. Interestingly, this study has clearly shown that there is an abnormal expression of CD 73, CD 100, CD 45, Ki67 and Vimentin in aborted fetal tissue thus indicates some role of these genes in the maintenance of pregnancies. Thus, this study concludes that hPMSCs cells can be used as an in vitro model system for the evaluation of the mechanism of spontaneous abortion. Similarly, due to their multipotent characteristic they can be used for future regenerative therapies for various disorders.
A Modern Chopper Propulsion System or Rapid Transit Application with High Regeneration Capability (1978)

Rapid transit propulsion system requirements are becoming more stringent as increased emphasis on reducing energy consumption, minimizing environmental pollution, increasing safety, and improving creature comforts are being considered. In order to meet these new, sometimes mutually exclusive, requirements, considerable detail must be paid to the overall car system. This fact is not particularly novel; however, an intensive study of all the mentioned requirements resulted in the propulsion scheme to be described. A chopper controlled rapid transit propulsion system with five significant features is discussed: 1) fixed frequency crystal-controlled chopper, 2) separately excited traction motors with flashover protection, 3) minimum contactor operation for mode changes, 4) maximum regeneration commensurate with system capability, and minimum size and weight commensurate with regeneration capability.
Gene I, a potential cell-to-cell movement locus of cauliflower mosaic virus, encodes an RNA-binding protein. (1991)

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) pararetrovirus capable of cell-to-cell movement presumably through intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata, of the infected plant. This movement is likely mediated by a specific viral protein encoded by the gene I locus. Here we report that the purified gene I protein binds RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) but not dsDNA regardless of nucleotide sequence specificity. The binding is highly cooperative, and the affinity of the gene I protein for RNA is 10-fold higher than for ssDNA. CaMV replicates by reverse transcription of a 358 RNA that is homologous to the entire genome. We propose that the 35S RNA may be involved in cell-to-cell movement of CaMV as an intermediate that is transported through plasmodesmata as an RNA-gene I protein complex.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Actinomyceten. 4. Mitteilung. Die Foromacidine A, B, C und D (1956)

Abstract Aus dem Kulturfiltrat von zwei Streptomyceten, welche Streptomyces ambofaciens Pinnert‐Sindico nahestehen, wurden 4 lipophile, basische Antibiotica – die Foromacidine A, B, C und D – isoliert. Die Foromaeidine A, B und C liefern durch milde saure Hydrolyse Nycarose, einen Dimethylamino–zucker und Forocidin A, B bzw. C. Durch alkalische Hydrolyse wird aus Foromacidin B und Forocidin B 1 Mol Essigsäure, und aus Foromacidin C und Forocidin C 1 Mol Propionsäure abgespalten. Die Zusammensetzung und die analytisch nachgewiesenen funktionellen Gruppen deuten auf eine Verwandtschaft der Foromacidine mit den Antibiotica der Carbomycin–Erythromycin–Gruppe hin. Die Foromacidine zeichnen sich durch bemerkenswerte antibiotische Wirksamkeit in vitro und in vivo aus und besitzen eine geringe Toxizität.
A New Algorithm for Predicting Future Actions in Plan Recognition (2007)

Plan recognition is useful in many fields. It is significant to develop efficient recognition algorithms. In this paper, the event relations in plan recognition were deliberatively studied, and a new plan recognition algorithm to predict future actions was presented. The algorithm is based on plan knowledge graph and it integrates the bottom-up and top-down methods to construct solution graph. The algorithm is more powerful and simpler, comparing with other algorithms. The experimental results show that the algorithm is linear-time with the domain knowledge.
A support system for maintenance training by augmented reality (2004)

We are developing a support system for maintenance training of electric power facilities by augmented reality. A user of the system wears a head-mounted display (HMD), with a small camera and with a sensor on top of the head, and stands in front of a blue screen. The system recognizes an object and estimates its position and pose from an image that is captured by the small camera. The object recognition and the position-pose estimation are performed by image processing without any special image marks or sensors. After the object recognition and the position-pose estimation, the system overlays computer graphics on the object images. The computer graphics show operational guidance, instructions, or dynamic inside movements of the object on the HMD. We describe an outline of the system and evaluation results of the system functions: the object recognition, the position-pose estimation and the operational guidance.
A transregional model for near-threshold circuits with application to minimum-energy operation (2010)

The most energy-efficient operating point for CMOS circuits is near the threshold voltage. Conventional models are difficult to use in this region because they are piecewise and/or discontinuous around threshold. This paper proposes a simple new model for I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> that is valid in the near-threshold region. Based on the ON-current, a propagation delay model is derived. The model is applied to determine the minimum energy point for inverter chains. The transregional model matches simulated data within 15 mV, while the conventional exponential subthreshold model underestimates the supply voltage by up to 80 mV.
Modeling and Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators (2008)

This brief describes a new model for shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators based on the physics of the process and develops control strategies using the model. The model consists of three equations - the temperature dynamics described by Joules heating-convectional cooling, the mole fraction distribution with temperature given by statistics to describe a two state system, and a constitutive equation relating the changes in temperature and mole fraction to the stress and strain induced in the SMA. This model is used to develop two control schemes for controlling the strain in an SMA actuator. The first control scheme describes a gain-scheduled proportional-integral (PI) controller, the gains of which are obtained by means of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization. The second control scheme is an H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> loop-shaping controller using normalized coprime stabilization which ensures robust stability by minimizing the effect of unmodeled dynamics at high frequencies. Simulation and experimental results show fast and accurate control of the strain in the SMA actuator for both control schemes.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF CLAVULANIC ACID AND A READY SYNTHESIS OF THE 7‐OXO‐4‐OXA‐1‐AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPT‐2‐ENE RING SYSTEM (1978)

Abstract Die Oxidation des Esters (I) mit Pyridiniumchlor‐ chromat in Dichlormethan ergibt bei Raumtemperatur die Aldehyde (II) und (III) im Verhältnis l:1,2 in ca. 10%iger Ausbeute.
The Concept of Religion and Christian Doctrine. The Theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer Reconsidered (2003)

Bonhoeffer,religionsforståelse,religionskritik