gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Robust Parallel DNN Training through Model Parallelism on Multi-GPU Platform (2018)

The training process of Deep Neural Network (DNN) is compute-intensive, often taking days to weeks to train a DNN model. Therefore, parallel execution of DNN training on GPUs is a widely adopted approach to speed up the process nowadays. Due to the implementation simplicity, data parallelism is currently the most commonly used parallelization method. Nonetheless, data parallelism suffers from excessive inter-GPU communication overhead due to frequent weight synchronization among GPUs. Another approach is pipelined model parallelism, which partitions a DNN model among GPUs, and processes multiple mini-batches concurrently. This approach can significantly reduce inter-GPU communication cost compared to data parallelism. However, pipelined model parallelism faces the weight staleness issue; that is, gradients are computed with stale weights, leading to training instability and accuracy loss. In this paper, we present a pipelined model parallel execution method that enables high GPU utilization while maintaining robust training accuracy via a novel weight prediction technique, SpecTrain. Experimental results show that our proposal achieves up to 8.91x speedup compared to data parallelism on a 4-GPU platform while maintaining comparable model accuracy.
Imaging of lung function using hyperpolarized helium‐3 magnetic resonance imaging: Review of current and emerging translational methods and applications (2010)

During the past several years there has been extensive development and application of hyperpolarized helium-3 (HP (3)He) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical respiratory indications such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, radiation-induced lung injury, and transplantation. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of HP (3)He MRI and its application to clinical pulmonary research. This is not an overview of the physics of the method, as this topic has been covered previously. We focus here on the potential of this imaging method and its challenges in demonstrating new types of information that has the potential to influence clinical research and decision making in pulmonary medicine. Particular attention is given to functional imaging approaches related to ventilation and diffusion-weighted imaging with applications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and radiation-induced lung injury. The strengths and challenges of the application of (3)He MRI in these indications are discussed along with a comparison to established and emerging imaging techniques.
Accurate Measurement of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2013)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) plays a critical role in regulating numerous biological and physiological pathways including metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and aging in mammals. Here we describe a highly quantitative method with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of NAD(+) levels in cells and tissues. This methodology provides accurate, reliable, and reproducible results of NAD(+) measurement, which enables us to analyze various pathophysiological changes in NAD(+) levels in vitro and in vivo.
Gargling with Tea Catechin Extracts for the Prevention of Influenza Infection in Elderly Nursing Home Residents: A Prospective Clinical Study (2006)

This prospective study demonstrating the effect of catechin gargling on the prevention of influenza infection in the elderly is the first to be reported in the literature. Further randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm the effects of catechin gargling on the prevention of influenza infection.
High-Efficient Patch Antenna Array for E-Band Gigabyte Point-to-Point Wireless Services (2012)

This letter presents a low-cost, high-gain, and high-efficiency 4 × 4 circular patch array antenna for gigabyte point-to-point wireless services at E-band (81-86 GHz). The antenna structure consists of two layers. The feed network is placed at the bottom layer, while the circular patches are on the top layer. To increase the efficiency of the antenna array, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is used to feed the circular patches through longitudinal slots etched on the top metallic surface. Low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) process is used to fabricate the antenna prototype. Simulated and measured bandwidths of the antenna array are 7.2%, which covers the desired frequency range of 81-86 GHz. Measured gain of the 4 × 4 antenna array is 18.5 dBi, which is almost constant within the antenna bandwidth. Measured radiation efficiency of 90.3% is obtained.
Broadband probe-fed L-shaped plate antenna (2000)

A probe-fed L-shaped plate is presented to form a low-profile antenna with a broad impedance bandwidth. Measurements show that the enhanced impedance bandwidth reaches up to 24% by exciting two adjacent modes. Radiation characteristics and realized gains are also examined. A dual linear polarization feature has been observed, useful for applications in random environments. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 26: 204–206, 2000.
The Potential of CAR T Cell Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and effective treatment options are limited. It is projected to be the second most common cause of cancer related mortality in the United States by 2030 and there is urgent unmet need for novel systemic treatment options. Immunotherapy with antibodies targeting PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 has not shown clinical activity in unselected pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the need for combination immunotherapy approaches or other therapeutic strategies. As such, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents an emerging therapeutic option for pancreatic cancer. This modality utilizes genetically engineered T cells that are redirected to specific cancer-associated antigens to elicit potent cytotoxic activity. This review summarizes the available preclinical data and highlights early phase clinical trials using CAR T cell approaches in pancreatic cancer, a disease state that is gaining attention as a conduit for cell therapy. Future directions in application of CAR T cell therapy are also considered including its ability to be directed against novel epitopes and combined with other therapeutic regimens.
Split Options For 5G Radio Access Networks (2017)

5G networks are supposed to offer a high flexibility in a several ways. In this regard, a twofold split of the processing in the radio access network is under discussion: A control plane / user plane split to support the software defined network-ing principle and a radio protocol stack layer based split to allow a flexible placement of processing functions between a central and one or more distributed units. In this work, the motivation and state of the art for both splits are described including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages. It is followed by a description of a network architecture al-lowing a flexible implementation of these splits. This especially focuses on the required interfaces between control and user plane.
Carbon incorporation in SiGeC alloys grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (1999)

We report on incorporation of carbon in Si1−x−yGexCy alloys by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition and on thermal relaxation properties of Si1−x−yGexCy alloys with low carbon levels. Si1−x−yGexCy alloys have been grown at temperatures between 550 and 650 °C using silane, germane and methylsilane as precursor gases. For levels of less than 1% total C the layers are of excellent quality. The total carbon level was found to be independent of the Ge fraction and growth temperature. However, the Ge fraction in the alloys was observed to increase when carbon was added to the alloys, suggesting that C alters the sticking probabilities of silane and germane. We also studied the thermal stability of Si1−x−yGexCy alloys with low levels of carbon and found that adding even 0.2% C significantly improves the thermal stability when compared to SiGe alloys of similar strain and thickness.
Efficacy of Antithrombin Replacement Therapy in Severe Early-Onset Preeclampsia (1999)

It has been suggested that the hypercoagulable state in severe preeclampsia is strongly related to the onset of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) through the deterioration of placental circulation. In this study, one of two kinds of anticoagulants, heparin or antithrombin (AT), was given to severe early-onset preeclamptic women (onset before 32 weeks of gestation) with IUGR, and the efficacies in maternal and fetal findings were compared. The mechanism of AT to improve placental circulation was discussed based on our previous study using the culture system of chorionic trophoblastic cells. The mean systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the AT group (AT concentrate 1,500 IU/d for 7 days, n = 15). Fetal growth was calculated by ultrasonographic measurement, and the weight gain was higher in the AT group than it was in the heparin group. In vitro experiments showed that AT increased the thrombomodulin (TM) antigen on the cell surface and also increased prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) production by cultured trophoblastic cells. This suggests that AT replacement therapy is useful for improving maternal hypertension and fetal findings in severe preeclampsia with IUGR through the increase of TM and PGI2 production in both maternal and placental circulation.
The Invention of Dylux® Instant‐Access Imaging Materials and the Development of HABI Chemistry—A Personal History (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction My Background Dessauer at DuPont We Must Have Done Something Right! The Beginning 1961-Permanent Color 1962-Improvements in Technology 1964-A Higher Speed System 1965-Other Markets 1966-We Become a Venture 1967-We Start a Marketing Effort: How Do You Get to the Market, Any Market? 1968-More Marketing Activities 1969-William S. Wartell: A Dynamic Decision Maker 1970-Expansion of Opportunities 1971-After the Venture 1972-What Else? 1973-Universal Product Code Opportunity 1974-Philip Botsolas: A Breath of Fresh Air Progress 1976-Still More Opportunities 1977-And Still More Opportunities 1978-Transitions 1979-Black Dylux® 535 Proofpaper 1981-Add-On Toning 1983-A New Wind Blows 1984-China 1984-2004
Assessment of Valvular Calcification and Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Aortic Stenosis (2011)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01358513.
Aβ-peptides enhance vasoconstriction in cerebral circulation (2001)

Amyloid-beta (A beta)-peptides are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's dementia. We studied the effects of A beta on selected constrictor responses of cerebral circulation. Mice were anesthetized (by using urethane-chloralose) and equipped with a cranial window. Arterial pressure and blood gases were monitored and controlled. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored by a laser Doppler probe. Topical superfusion with A beta 1-40 (0.1-10 microM), but not with the reverse peptide A beta 40-1, reduced resting CBF (-29 +/- 4% at 5 microM; P < 0.05) and augmented the reduction in CBF produced by the thromboxane analog U-46619 (+45 +/- 3% at 5 microM; P < 0.05). A beta 1-40 or A beta 1-42 did not affect the reduction in CBF produced by hypocapnia. The reduction in resting CBF and the enhancement of vasoconstriction were reversed by treatment with the free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase or manganic(I-II)meso-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin. Substitution of the methionine residue in position 35 with norleucine, a mutation that abolishes the ability of A beta to produce free radicals, abolished its vascular effects. Nanomolar concentrations of A beta 1-40 constricted isolated pressurized middle cerebral artery segments with intrinsic tone (-16 +/- 3% at 100 nM; P < 0.05). We conclude that A beta acts directly on cerebral arteries to produce vasoconstriction and to enhance selected constrictor responses. The evidence supports the idea that A beta-induced production of reactive oxygen species plays a role in this effect. The vascular actions of A beta may contribute to the deleterious effects resulting from accumulation of this peptide in Alzheimer's dementia.
Volumetric object reconstruction using the 3D-MRF model-based segmentation [magnetic resonance imaging] (1997)

A number of segmentation algorithms have been developed, but those algorithms are not effective on volume reconstruction because they are limited to operating only on two-dimensional (2-D) images. In this paper, we propose the volumetric object reconstruction method using the three-dimensional Markov random field (3D-MRF) model-based segmentation. The 3D-MRF model is known to be one of efficient ways to model spatial contextual information. The method is compared with the 2-D region growing scheme under three types of interpolation. The results show that the proposed method is better in the aspect of image quality than other methods.
Is physics-based liveness detection truly possible with a single image? (2010)

Face recognition is an increasingly popular method for user authentication. However, face recognition is susceptible to playback attacks. Therefore, a reliable way to detect malicious attacks is crucial to the robustness of the system. We propose and validate a novel physics-based method to detect images recaptured from printed material using only a single image. Micro-textures present in printed paper manifest themselves in the specular component of the image. Features extracted from this component allows a linear SVM classifier to achieve 2.2% False Acceptance Rate and 13% False Rejection Rate (6.7% Equal Error Rate). We also show that the classifier can be generalizable to contrast enhanced recaptured images and LCD screen recaptured images without re-training, demonstrating the robustness of our approach.
Intertester Reliability of the Cervical Range of Motion Device (1992)

Intertester reliability is important for longitudinal assessment of patients by two different clinicians. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intertester reliability of the cervical range of motion device (CROM). The CROM was used to measure subjects with a history of cervical dysfunction. The sample consisted of 22 subjects (15 female and 7 male). Active cervical flexion, extension, right and left rotation, and right and left lateral flexion were measured with the client in the sitting position. Moderate to high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC = +.76 to +.98) were found between testers. Furthermore, the mean differences between testers were also consistently low for all six measurements (.5-3.6 degrees ). These data suggest the CROM is a reliable measuring tool between testers for cervical range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1992;15(3):147-150.
<title>I(CES)-cubes: a modular self-reconfigurable bipartite robotic system</title> (1999)

In this manuscript, we introduce I(CES)-Cubes, a class of 3D modular robotic system that is capable of reconfiguring itself in order to adapt to its environment. This is a bipartite system, i.e. a collection of (i) active elements capable of actuation, and (ii) passive elements acting as connectors between actuated elements. Active elements, called links, are 3-DOF manipulators that are capable of attaching/detaching themselves to/from the passive elements. The cubes can then be positioned and oriented using links, which are independent mechatronic elements. Self- reconfiguration property enables the system to performed locomotion tasks over difficult terrain. For example, the system would be capable of moving over obstacles and climbing stairs. These task are performed by positing and orienting cubes and links to form a 3D network with required shape and position. This paper describes the design of the passive and active elements, the attachment mechanics, and several reconfiguration scenarios. Specifics of the hardware implementation and result of experiments with current prototypes are also given.
Selective lethal photosensitization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using an IgG-tin (IV) chlorin e6 conjugate (2002)

These results demonstrate that selective lethal photosensitization of MRSA can be achieved using an IgG-tin (IV) chlorin e6 conjugate. The effectiveness of killing was dependent, in part, on the particular MRSA strain used, with the clinically important EMRSA-16 strain being the most susceptible.
A Comparative Analysis of Master Production Scheduling Techniques for Assemble‐To‐Order Products (1989)

ABSTRACT This paper studies the master production scheduling (MPS) activity of manufacturing firms that produce assemble‐to‐order (ATO) products. It describes four techniques for master scheduling ATO products: end‐product bills, modular bills, super bills, and percentage bills. These procedures are compared in terms of the percentage of customer orders delivered late, the mean tardiness of customer order deliveries, and the total cost of inventory using simulation analysis. The results indicate that the performance of an MPS technique is affected by the level of uncertainty of the end products' demands and the degree of component commonality in the product structure. In particular, modular bills produce the highest customer service level and super bills produce the lowest total inventory cost under most operating conditions. The conclusions also suggest that the choice of a particular MPS technique is often a compromise between the benefits of improved MPS performance and the costs of implementing and executing the MPS system.
Study of a myo-inositol hexaphosphate-based cream to prevent dystrophic calcinosis cutis (2005)

This demonstrates the important capacity of InsP(6) as a crystallization inhibitor and also demonstrates that it is possible to propose topical use as a new InsP(6) administration route.
Subdominant Dense Clusters Allow for Simple Learning and High Computational Performance in Neural Networks with Discrete Synapses (2015)

We show that discrete synaptic weights can be efficiently used for learning in large scale neural systems, and lead to unanticipated computational performance. We focus on the representative case of learning random patterns with binary synapses in single layer networks. The standard statistical analysis shows that this problem is exponentially dominated by isolated solutions that are extremely hard to find algorithmically. Here, we introduce a novel method that allows us to find analytical evidence for the existence of subdominant and extremely dense regions of solutions. Numerical experiments confirm these findings. We also show that the dense regions are surprisingly accessible by simple learning protocols, and that these synaptic configurations are robust to perturbations and generalize better than typical solutions. These outcomes extend to synapses with multiple states and to deeper neural architectures. The large deviation measure also suggests how to design novel algorithmic schemes for optimization based on local entropy maximization.
Discussion on application of footscan multi-step mat system to footprint examination (2008)

In this paper,spacial and mechanical parameters gait of 154 healthy male aged from eighteen to fifty-five were measured and statistically analyzed with the Footscan system.Result showed that the Footscan system is a reliable means for footprint examination quantitatively and automatically.
Dual-tree error compensation for high performance fixed-width multipliers (2005)

In this paper, a new error-compensation network for fixed-width multipliers is proposed. The error-compensation block is composed of two summation trees which are optimally chosen in order to minimize either the mean-square error or the maximum absolute error. The new technique substantially improves error performances with respect to previously proposed approaches. Simulation results show that new fixed-width multipliers exhibit significant improvements both in propagation delay and in power dissipation with respect to previous solutions.
Frequent Mutation of the <i>PIK3CA</i> Gene in Ovarian and Breast Cancers (2005)

These data indicate that mutations of PIK3CA play an oncogenic role in substantial fractions of ovarian and breast carcinomas, and in consideration of mutation of other components of the PI3K-AKT pathway in both tumor types, confirm the major oncogenic role of this pathway in ovarian and breast carcinomas.
Calibrator For Alternating Voltage, Current And Power (1988)

A computer-controlled calibrator capable of delivering AC sinusoidal and distorted voltage, current and power, with an accuracy of several parts per milion, is described. A combination of feedback and error-feedforward control strategy, together with the current comparator technique for very accurate ratio measurements, is implemented. The ppm stability of the calibrator permits the use of a multiplexing program for monitoring of several instruments over a long period of time.
Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Tumor-Promoting, and Cytotoxic Activities of Constituents of Marigold (<i>Calendula </i><i>officinalis</i>) Flowers (2006)

Ten oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, 1-10, including four new compounds, calendulaglycoside A 6'-O-methyl ester (2), calendulaglycoside A 6'-O-n-butyl ester (3), calendulaglycoside B 6'-O-n-butyl ester (5), and calendulaglycoside C 6'-O-n-butyl ester (8), along with five known flavonol glycosides, 11-15, were isolated from the flowers of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Upon evaluation of compounds 1-9 for inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation (1 microg/ear) in mice, all of the compounds, except for 1, exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity, with ID50 values of 0.05-0.20 mg per ear. In addition, when 1-15 were evaluated against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA, compounds 1-10 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects (IC50 values of 471-487 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA). Furthermore, upon evaluation of the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines in vitro in the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program, two triterpene glycosides, 9 and 10, exhibited their most potent cytotoxic effects against colon cancer, leukemia, and melanoma cells.
Learning to guide task and motion planning using score-space representation (2017)

In this paper, we propose a learning algorithm that speeds up the search in task and motion planning problems. Our algorithm proposes solutions to three different challenges that arise in learning to improve planning efficiency: what to predict, how to represent a planning problem instance, and how to transfer knowledge from one problem instance to another. We propose a method that predicts constraints on the search space based on a generic representation of a planning problem instance, called score space, where we represent a problem instance in terms of performance of a set of solutions attempted so far. Using this representation, we transfer knowledge, in the form of constraints, from previous problems based on the similarity in score space. We design a sequential algorithm that efficiently predicts these constraints, and evaluate it in three different challenging task and motion planning problems. Results indicate that our approach perform orders of magnitudes faster than an unguided planner.