gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The polo-like kinase PLK-1 is required for nuclear envelope breakdown and the completion of meiosis inCaenorhabditis elegans (2000)

The Polo-like kinases are key regulatory molecules required during the cell cycle for the successful completion of mitosis. We have cloned a C. elegans homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster polo gene (designated plk-1 for C. elegans polo-like kinase-1) and present the subcellular localization of the PLK-1 protein during the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles in C. elegans oocytes and embryos, respectively. Disruption of PLK-1 expression by RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) disrupts normal oocyte and embryonic development. Inspection of oocytes revealed a defect in nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) before ovulation. This defect in NEBD was also observed in oocytes that were depleted of the cyclin-dependent kinase NCC-1 (C. elegans homolog of Cdc2). The plk-1 RNAi oocytes were fertilized; however the resulting embryos were unable to separate their meiotic chromosomes or form and extrude polar bodies. These defects led to embryonic arrest as single cells. genesis 26:26-41, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Totalsynthese von Humaninsulin. IV. Beschreibung der Endstufen (1977)

Total synthesis of human insulin. IV. Description of the final steps. Recently a preliminary account was given of a new synthetic pathway leading to human insulin. In the present report the last steps of this synthesis – i.e. as from the unsymmetrical cystine derivative I – are described in detail. I contains the sequences A(14–21) and B(17–30), linked by the disulfide bridge A20‐B19. These last steps are: (1) selective removal by pH‐controlled acidolysis in trifluoroethanol of N (α)‐Trt from leucine B17, (2) completion of the B‐chain by coupling with the fragment B(1–16), (3) selective removal by trifluoroethanol of N (α)‐Bpoc at tyrosine A14, (4) completion of the A‐chain by coupling with the cyclic fragment A(1–13), (5) removal of the acid labile protecting groups, and (6) formation of the disulfide bond A7–B7 from the two S ‐acetamido‐protected cysteine residues by treatment with iodine. As judged by the composition of the reaction mixture the closure of the 85‐membered ring proceeds with a cyclization yield of over 70%. From the last step in the synthesis two products were obtained after extensive purification by counter‐current distribution: pure human insulin in a yield of 50% and its [ D ‐tyrosine B16]Isomer in a yield of 25%. Although the partial racemization of tyrosine B16 occurred during coupling with sequence B(1–16), the [ D ‐tyrosine B 16]‐stereoisomer could only be separated at the endproduct stage. The available evidence indicates that the ease of formation of the disulfide bond A7–B7 does not depend on the precursor molecule already having an insulin‐like conformation.
A Hierarchical Probabilistic U-Net for Modeling Multi-Scale Ambiguities (2019)

Medical imaging only indirectly measures the molecular identity of the tissue within each voxel, which often produces only ambiguous image evidence for target measures of interest, like semantic segmentation. This diversity and the variations of plausible interpretations are often specific to given image regions and may thus manifest on various scales, spanning all the way from the pixel to the image level. In order to learn a flexible distribution that can account for multiple scales of variations, we propose the Hierarchical Probabilistic U-Net, a segmentation network with a conditional variational auto-encoder (cVAE) that uses a hierarchical latent space decomposition. We show that this model formulation enables sampling and reconstruction of segmenations with high fidelity, i.e. with finely resolved detail, while providing the flexibility to learn complex structured distributions across scales. We demonstrate these abilities on the task of segmenting ambiguous medical scans as well as on instance segmentation of neurobiological and natural images. Our model automatically separates independent factors across scales, an inductive bias that we deem beneficial in structured output prediction tasks beyond segmentation.
Broadband beamforming with adaptive postfiltering for speech acquisition in noisy environments (2002)

In this paper the implementation of a broadband beamformer which is built up by several harmonically nested subarrays for each octave band combined with optimal postfiltering is described. This method has the advantage of providing large sensor distances for the postfilter estimation by simultaneously controlling the directivity of the array. The selection of an optimal postfilter is discussed in detail and its estimation based on a Nuttall/Carter method for spectrum estimation is described. The resulting noise reduction system yields improved performance in diffuse noise fields and no distortions in the case of coherent direct path noise. Furthermore, the system is robust to steering misadjustment.
Microwave Sintering of Ceramics: What Does it Offer? (2004)

Microwave heating is fundamentally different from conventional sintering in that the
energy is deposited volumetrically rather than relying on thermal conduction from the surface.
Properly manipulated this may lead to a number of benefits, including greater microstructural
control, improved product properties and reductions in manufacturing costs due to energy
savings and shorter processing times. This paper seeks to review some of the opportunities and
challenges that exist when microwaves are applied to the process of ceramic sintering.
Exercise and Oxygen Toxicity (1995)

Free radical chemistry (K-D. Asmus, M. Bonifacic). Exercise and oxygen radical production by muscle (M.J. Jackson). Metal binding agents: possible role in exercise (R.R. Jenkins, B. Halliwell). Oxidative stress indices in exercise (N. Haramaki, L. Packer). Physiological antioxidants (C.K. Sen, 0. Hanninen). Superoxide dismutases in exercise and disease (H. Ohno, K. Suzuki, J. Fujii, H. Yamashita, T. Kizaki, S. Oh-ishi, N. Taniguchi). Antioxidant supplementation and the control of oxygen toxicity during exercise (A.H. Goldfarb, C.K. Sen). Risk of oxidative stress during exercise at high altitude (I. Simon-Schnass). The role of Xanthine oxidase in exercise (Y. Hellsten). Aging and exercise-induced oxidative stress (R. Golan, A.Z. Reznick). Exercise-induced oxidative stress in the heat (L. L. Ji). Lipid peroxidation process in healthy and diseased models (H.M. Alessio). Cigarette smoking as an inducer of oxidative stress (G.G. Duthie, J.R. Arthur). Oxidative stress in muscular atrophy (H. Kondo, Y. Itokawa). Oxidative stress in the lung and effect on pulmonary function (P. Moldeus, G. Bannenberg, A. Ryrfeldt). Protection against free radical injury in the heart and cardiac performance (D.K. Das, N. Maulik). Hypoxia, oxidative stress and exercise in rheumatoid arthritis (S.E. Edmonds, D.R. Blake). Vascular smooth muscle cells: regulation and deregulation by reactive oxygen species (A. Azzi, D. Boscoboinik, N.K. Ozer). Acute phase immune responses in exercise (J.G. Cannon, J.B. Blumberg). Influence of exercise induced oxidative stress on the central nervous system (S.M. Somani). Non-invasive measures of muscle metabolism (T. Hamaoka, K.K. McCully, H. Iwane, B. Chance).
Multimode optical-fibre phase modulators and discriminators: I-theory (1978)

Low-moded optical fibres are very microphonic when guiding highly coherent light. Acoustic signals applied to the fibre cause phase modulation of the optical carrier. This phase modulation is then converted to a related amplitude modulation by a fibredyne (fibre-optic self-homodyne) detection process at the photodiode. A simple theory is presented which describes the causes and characteristics of three p.m. to a.m. discriminator effects in coherent multimode fibre systems. Possible applications for fibredyne systems include data highways and low-fidelity distributed microphones.
Initial Collection Performance of Resin Wool Filters and Estimation of Charge Density (2005)

Abstract A new type of resin wool filter (RWF) that persists the load with oil droplets was developed by Kimura and colleagues. In the present work, the initial collection performances of RWF (A and C) are measured for various particle sizes (0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 μm) with different charging states at various filtration velocities (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 m/s). As a result, it is shown that the present RWF impregnated with PTBP resin can attain high collection efficiency (99.999% at filtration velocity of 0.05 m/s) with a pressure drop of less than 30 Pa. The charge density is estimated by applying prediction equations of single-fiber collection efficiencies of electret filters with a dipolar charge distribution because no other prediction equation for RWF are available at present. The experimental single-fiber efficiencies for uncharged particles are successfully predicted by assigning a single value of charge density in the prediction equations for dipolar fibers. The estimated charge density on RWF fibers is 2.1 × 10− 4 C/m2, which is much higher than those of conventional electret filter media. Therefore, RWF studied in the present work is suitable for the application to respirators as well as room air cleaners.
A Novel Modeling Approach for Collision Avoidance in Robotic Surgery (2007)

We present a new system that can be used in combination with an array of ultrasonic piezoelectric sensors and has application in surgical navigation procedures. Using the proposed assembly, the maneuverability of the surgical tools can be enhanced and the incidence of potentially damaging contact with non-target tissue can be reduced. The emphasis of our work was based on controlling the motion of the surgical tools so that they can readily move around a biological tissue. According to the results of the simulation performed, the direction of the tool can be monitored and controlled continuously and hence the outcome of the surgery can be improved. Another important parameter that incorporated in the simulation was the distance between the tool and the tissue. The simulation results show that the proper control of the tool movement can keep the distance between the two at a certain predetermined value while the tool passing by the tissue. In the collision avoidance scheme, the transducers located on the lateral side of the surgical tool mainly act as the distance detector to keep the distance between the lateral surface of the tool and the tissue surface at a constant value of 5 mm.
Hematocrit Values and Mortality from Ascites in Cold-Stressed Broilers from Parents Selected by Hematocrit (1996)

A hypothesis that the relative hematocrit value of broilers is inherited and can serve as an indicator of partial resistance to the ascites syndrome in cold-stressed broilers was shown to be valid in a field trial. Hematocrits were determined for male and female grandparent breeding stocks. Matings were then made between low (LL), low-medium (LM), medium-high (MH), and high (HH) hematocrit parents: LL x LL, LM x LM, MH x MH, and HH x HH. The progeny of HH parents had higher hematocrit values than the progeny of lower hematocrit parents (P < 0.0001). Exposure of the progeny from all the parental groups to an ascites-predisposing cold environment caused higher losses from ascites in the progeny of the HH parents (P < 0.0001). The progeny of LH parents had an increased mortality from causes other than ascites (P < 0.0001). This work suggests that elimination of birds with HH in broiler breeding programs may be desirable where cold-induced ascites is an important problem.
Determining enediol compounds in tea using surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with titanium dioxide nanoparticle matrices (2007)

We describe the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as selective probes and matrices for the determination of catechins using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The interactions between the enediol compounds and TiO2 NPs were evident by the change in color of the TiO2 NP solution from milky white to orange. Through these interactions, the TiO2 NPs could be used to concentrate enediol compounds, including catechins and ascorbic acid. The limits of detection (LODs) for three catechins--catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate--at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were 0.45, 1.85 and 0.65 microM, respectively. The TiO2 NP matrices provide a number of advantages over conventional organic matrices (e.g. 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone), including ease of sample preparation, less background noise in the low-mass region, and high repeatability. The applicability of this method was confirmed through the high reproducibility of the determination of the two catechins in tea samples that had not been subjected to any sample preparation procedures (shot-to-shot variation: <10%).
중국 의약품 패키지 디자인의 색채 연구 (2019)

중국 의학에는 전통적 중의학(中醫學)과 현대화된 서양 의학이라는 서로 완전히 다른 두 종류의 의학 체계가 존재하고, 의약품에도 자체적인 관리 및 판매 체계가 존재한다. 현대 시장 환경 속에서 중국은 의약품 패키지 디자인, 특히 패키지 색채의 표현에 있어 독특한 디자인적 특성을 가지고 있다. 의약품은 특정한 속성을 갖는 상품으로 사람들의 신체 건강, 더 나아가 생명과도 직접적인 연관성을 갖고 있다. 의약품 패키지에 대한 연구는 대부분 심리학, 재료학, 마케팅학, 광고학의 측면에서 분석이 진행되어, 패키지 속성 중 가장 핵심 요소 중 하나인 ‘색채’에 기반한 연구는 극히 드문 상황이다. 중국의 의약품 분류 방법, 현대적 색채 디자인 방법, 광고 마케팅 수단, 브랜드화 수단 등에 관한 사례를 선별하여 분석과 연구를 진행하였다. 보편적인 색채 사용 규칙을 분석한 결과, 의약품 판매 루트의 영향으로 중국의 처방 의약품의 패키지 색채는 식별성 위주이고, 체계적인 디자인 계획을 갖고 있지 않음을 발견할 수 있었다. 하지만 직접적으로 소비자와 대면해야 하는 일반의약품(비처방약)의 패키지컬러는 풍부한 디자인적 면모를 보였다. 본 논문은 이 두 가지 영역을 분석하여 의약품 패키지의 색채 체계를 제안함으로써 효과적인 커뮤니케이션이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다.
Circumferential and Focal Ablation of Barrett's Esophagus Containing Dysplasia (2009)

Stepwise circumferential and focal ablation of BE containing dysplasia appears to be a safe and effective intervention, achieving a CR for dysplasia in 95% and 79% of LGD and HGD patients, respectively.
Electrostatic model for an asymmetric combdrive (2000)

This paper presents an analytical solution to the electrostatic actuation of an asymmetric combdrive in out-of-plane and torsional motions. The exact solutions to force in the out-of-plane motion and the integral for torque in the torsional motion are obtained. The dependence of the peak force on the thickness of the movable fingers and the amount of overlap of the combs is given in closed form. Using our model, the shift of the natural resonant frequency due to a dc bias is analyzed. Furthermore, our solution also applies to the in-plane motion of an in-plane interdigitated combdrive. We found that an in-plane interdigitated combdrive generates a constant force within 0.1% when the minimum initial engagement length of the combs is twice the separation gap.
Study on the Role of Thermal Cracking in FCC Cycle (2004)

A bench-scale fixed fluidized bed reactor was used to study the distribution and quality of products derived from thermal cracking of VGO. Test results had shown that the space velocity has minor effect on thermal cracking reaction. The depth of thermal cracking reaction was mainly affected by the reaction temperature.At different reaction temperatures the form of free radicals thus initiated varied, resulting in different product distribution. At low temperature C10= and C11= olefins dominated in thermally cracked gasoline products,whereas at higher temperature C6=-C9= olefins dominated in thermally cracked gasoline products, among which C6 and C7 olefins were mainly composed of 2M 1 Cs= and 2E1C5=. Difference in olefin structure can lead to different reaction pathways of catalytic cycle.
Boron-boron double bonding in the species [B2R4]2-: synthesis and structure of [{(Et2O)Li}2{Mes2BB(Mes)Ph}], a diborane(4) dianion analog of a substituted ethylene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-boron double bonding in the species [B2R4]2-: synthesis and structure of [{(Et2O)Li}2{Mes2BB(Mes)Ph}], a diborane(4) dianion analog of a substituted ethyleneAfarin Moezzi, Marilyn M. Olmstead, and Philip P. PowerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7, 2715–2717Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00033a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1324Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (441 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monotonic Signed Graph approach for cross-layer congestion control in wireless ad-hoc networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose a Monotonic Signed Graph (MSG)-based cross-layer congestion control technique for wireless ad-hoc networks. This is a practically implementable self re-configurable distributed solution which runs independently on each wireless nodes. Moreover, it is an alternative approach to Joint Optimal Congestion control and Power control (JOCP) which solves a dual of social optimization problem in-terms of individual optimization functions. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MSG scheme performs at-par (in-terms of throughput and transmission power) with JOCP scheme. Our scheme is a novel scalable approach as there is no message passing involved which is prevalent in JOCP. Though the rate of convergence of MSG approach is bit slower as compared to that of JOCP, it is within 4-5 Round Trip Times (RTTs). Hence it is a major candidate for implementing cross-layer congestion control in wireless ad-hoc networks, where long-flows are of importance. We also verify the robustness of our scheme.
Objectively Measured Light-Intensity Physical Activity Is Independently Associated With 2-h Plasma Glucose (2007)

These data provide the first objective evidence that light-intensity physical activity is beneficially associated with blood glucose and that sedentary time is unfavorably associated with blood glucose. These objective data support previous findings from studies using self-report measures, and suggest that substituting light-intensity activity for television viewing or other sedentary time may be a practical and achievable preventive strategy to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Review of the use of standardized patients in speech-language pathology clinical education (2012)

Allied health programmes worldwide have reported increasing difficulty in finding sufficient traditional clinical placements for students within the workplace. As a result, some programmes are taking alternative approaches to clinical training. One such approach is to use standardized patients. A standardized patient is an individual trained to portray a specific clinical case in a highly consistent and measurable manner. The use of standardized patients in speech-language pathology clinical education has been limited. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of standardized patients and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to train and assess students in speech-language pathology. The limited literature on the use of standardized patients and OSCEs in speech-language pathology is reviewed, and a call is made for further research into the use of standardized patients and OSCEs for clinical education and assessment.
Biological Degradation of Cellulose Derivatives (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiological Degradation of Cellulose DerivativesElwyn T. ReeseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 1, 89–93Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50565a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50565a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts