gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Calmodulin (2002)

Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays a key role in activation of smooth muscle contraction. A soybean isoform of CaM, SCaM-4 (77% identical to human CaM) fails to activate MLCK, whereas SCaM-1 (90.5% identical to human CaM) is as effective as CaM. We exploited this difference to gain insights into the structural requirements in CaM for activation of MLCK. A chimera (domain I of SCaM-4 and domains II-IV of SCaM-1) behaved like SCaM4, and analysis of site-specific mutants of SCaM-1 indicated that K30E and G40D mutations were responsible for the reduction in activation of MLCK. Competition experiments showed that SCaM-4 binds to the CaM-binding site of MLCK with high affinity. Replacement of CaM in skinned smooth muscle by exogenous CaM or SCaM-1, but not SCaM-4, restored Ca(2+)-dependent contraction. K30E/M36I/G40D SCaM-1 was a poor activator of contraction, but site-specific mutants, K30E, M36I and G40D, each restored Ca(2+)-induced contraction to CaM-depleted skinned smooth muscle, consistent with their capacity to activate MLCK. Interpretation of these results in light of the high-resolution structures of (Ca(2+))(4)-CaM, free and complexed with the CaM-binding domain of MLCK, indicates that a surface domain containing Lys(30) and Gly(40) and residues from the C-terminal domain is created upon binding to MLCK, formation of which is required for activation of MLCK. Interactions between this activation domain and a region of MLCK distinct from the known CaM-binding domain are required for removal of the autoinhibitory domain from the active site, i.e., activation of MLCK, or this domain may be required to stabilize the conformation of (Ca(2+))(4)-CaM necessary for MLCK activation.
Immunomodulatory agents lenalidomide and pomalidomide co‐stimulate <scp>T</scp> cells by inducing degradation of <scp>T</scp> cell repressors <scp>I</scp> karos and <scp>A</scp> iolos via modulation of the <scp>E</scp> 3 ubiquitin ligase complex <scp>CRL</scp> 4 <scp> <sup>CRBN</sup> </scp> (2013)

Cereblon (CRBN), the molecular target of lenalidomide and pomalidomide, is a substrate receptor of the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, CRL4(CRBN) . T cell co-stimulation by lenalidomide or pomalidomide is cereblon dependent: however, the CRL4(CRBN) substrates responsible for T cell co-stimulation have yet to be identified. Here we demonstrate that interaction of the transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1, encoded by the IKZF1 gene) and Aiolos (IKZF3, encoded by the IKZF3 gene) with CRL4(CRBN) is induced by lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Each agent promotes Aiolos and Ikaros binding to CRL4(CRBN) with enhanced ubiquitination leading to cereblon-dependent proteosomal degradation in T lymphocytes. We confirm that Aiolos and Ikaros are transcriptional repressors of interleukin-2 expression. The findings link lenalidomide- or pomalidomide-induced degradation of these transcriptional suppressors to well documented T cell activation. Importantly, Aiolos could serve as a proximal pharmacodynamic marker for lenalidomide and pomalidomide, as healthy human subjects administered lenalidomide demonstrated Aiolos degradation in their peripheral T cells. In conclusion, we present a molecular model in which drug binding to cereblon results in the interaction of Ikaros and Aiolos to CRL4(CRBN) , leading to their ubiquitination, subsequent proteasomal degradation and T cell activation.
The Effect of Oxygen Additions on the Properties of Amorphous Transition Metal Alloys (1978)

Oxygen contamination is a potential problem in the study of amorphous metals because of the highly reactive nature of some of the constituent elements of metallic glasses and because of the processing techniques which are used to produce this metastable state. Oxygen is frequently present already in the starting materials, e.g., rare earth elements or early transition metals; further, oxygen present as an impurity in the gaseous atmosphere may be incorporated during alloy preparation (e.g., arc melting) or during the quench process (especially during thermal evaporation or sputtering or during splat quenching using the gun technique). Since these materials are generally studied as thin foils, further heat treating of the amorphous metal can also lead to a significant oxygen contamination. In this study, oxygen has been added to three binary inter-transition metal alloys already known to form a glass upon rapid liquid quenching. The effect of oxygen upon the glass forming ability, the glass transition behavior, the ductility of the glasses and their crystallization products has been characterized.
Spectroscopy Study of Arsenite [As(III)] Oxidation on Mn-Substituted Goethite (1999)

Abstract Mn-substituted goethite was synthesized and the interaction between arsenite (As(III)) and Mn-substituted goethite was investigated by both solution chemistry and X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Results indicate that the oxidation of As(III) is favored by Mn-substituted goethite. This reaction was more sensitive to temperature than to pH. Different reaction mechanisms may account for As(III) oxidation. Since As(III) is more mobile and toxic than As(V), the oxidation reaction of As(III) with Mn-substituted goethite may decrease arsenic toxicity under some conditions.
Expandable Polystryrene Processes (1969)

Various processes are reviewed for making expandable polystyrene which can be molded or extruded into foam. Most processes employ aqueous suspension systems in which pentanes are introduced before, during, or after polymerization. Water-free systems may also be used. The requirements for particle size and shape are critical. In suspension polymerization, bead size is controlled by the agitation and dispersing agents. To reduce off-size particles, prescreened polystyrene beads or chopped filaments may be impregnated. Since pentane is not a solvent for polystyrene, its diffusion is hastened by raising the temperature and/or by adding solvents. Chemical and physical modifications of expandable polystyrene processes are considered in terms of expandability, cell structure, heat resistance, flammability, and solvent resistance of foams.
Urban Upgrading in Latin America and the Caribbean (2002)

The proliferation of urban slums is due in large part to obsolete regulatory, legal and institutional frameworks at the local level governing land use, development standards, land registration and titling. These regulations are often exclusionary, insisting on development norms and standards that are outside the realm of the poor to pay and subdivision procedures are often over burdensome, leading to informal land subdivision, thus excluding the possibility to register titles under such "illegal" conditions. Likewise, well intentioned federal or national housing policies that focus on the provision of complete housing packages (as opposed to products like sites and services, progressive housing or demand, rather than supply-side subsidies) often have the unintended effect of filtering-up to higher income groups, especially when private mortgage market alternatives are not available to middle and lower-middle class households. Reforming these structural problems remains one of the greatest challenges, but progress is being made in countries like Brazil, Mexico on both the land and housing sides, and in Venezuela with regard to land and development standards.
High track density thin-film tape heads (1979)

A short review of thin-film write heads, all formed on magnetically flat substrates, is given, and properties of the several types are discussed. A novel structure is proposed to avoid many disadvantages of the former heads. It is formed on a magnetically grooved but physically planar substrate. Measured and calculated characteristics are given for this new configuration for which the name "groove structure" is proposed. The groove structure turns out to be more effective than a magnetically flat substrate. A thin-film write head on the groove structure has 30 (60 as stagger) tracks per quarter inch and a common biasing line effectively to reduce the signal write current.
Podded propulsors: some results of recent research and full scale experience (2008)

Following the introduction of podded propulsors into the marine industry the market demanded a rapid increase in size of the units from a few megawatts to where they are now in excess of 20MW. Such an increase led Lloyd’s Register to undertake a major research programme into the loadings experienced by these propulsors and the way in which they are reacted by the individual components. In addition much emphasis was given to the practical problems of achieving the design intent both at the time of building and subsequently through life. The results of this work were used to update the Rules, originally published in July 2003, and in developing a system of survey procedures which embraced the practical problems of initial manufacture and assembly as well as drydocking maintenance activities. This paper, in conjunction with two further papers published elsewhere on the hydrodynamics of podded propulsors and another on the philosophy of developing Rule formulations for ships driven by podded, summarises much of this work.
A. G. Stephens as literary editor (1964)

While the place of A. G. Stephens as our first literary critic of weight and authority has been widely acclaimed, his no less important activities as our first important literary editor are often ignored. When Stephens joined the Bulletin in 1894 its only literary publication had been a crudely printed hotch-potch entitled A Golden Shanty. Then over a period of seven years (1897-1904) he edited no fewer than sixteen books of verse, as well as the prose classic Such is Life, the popular On Our Selection and lively Bulletin Story Book. His poets included Boake (Where the Dead Men Lie), Ogilvie (Fair Girls and Gray Horses), E. J. Brady (The Ways of Many Waters), Roderick Quinn (The Hidden Tide), James Hebblethwaite (A Rose of Regret), O'Dowd (Downward?), Victor Daley (At Dawn and Dusk - second edition), Arthur H. Adams (Maoriland and Other Verses), Louise Mack (Dreams in Flower), Hubert Church (The West Wind), and A. G. Stephens (Oblation) - almost a roll-call of minor poets of the nineties and early 1900's. Then in his later Bookfellow days Stephens fostered and published Neiison in four successive volumes, edited collections by C. H. Souter, Arnold Wall, Mary Gilmore, James Hebblethwaite, Robert Crawford, Mabel Hookey, J. P. Bourke and M. A. Robertson and printed their poems - along with Hugh and Dorothy McCrae's, Hubert Church's and Jessie MacKay's - in the Bookfellow.
Inverse multiplexing for ATM. Operation, applications and performance evaluation for the cell loss ratio (2003)

The growing demands of bandwidth users make, indicate that access to ATM networks is an important issue. Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a technology that combines multiple T1/E1 links to create a single logical data trunk which bandwidth is the aggregate of the T1/E1 ones, minus a small amount due to overhead. By using this technology, it is possible to have ATM connections with data rates between the T1/E1 (an economical but too slow option) and T3/E3 ones (with high bandwidth, but expensive). Also, it is interesting to have expressions easy to compute that approximate the main quality of service parameters of inverse multiplexers (IMUX) to help network planners in the dimensioning of these systems. In this paper, we study an estimate for the cell loss ratio (CLR) measured in the IMUX devices.
Linear aminophenol polymers using the mannich reaction (1986)

Abstract Mannich reactions were used to prepare a series of low‐molecular‐weight linear polymers from substituted phenols, formaldehyde, and secondary diamines. The physical and spectroscopic properties of these new aminophenol polymers are described and compared with those of the bisphenolic diamines formed as an intermediate step in the polymerization process. The polymers were found to give coloured, water‐soluble, metal complexes with copper and iron salts.
Properties of Metal Surface Barriers on High Purity Germanium (1975)

Measurements of the Schottky barrier heights formed by evaporating various metals onto etched slices of n type Ge show that the barrier height and the reverse leakage current depend on the metal work function. The results are consistent with a surface state density on the Ge ≥ 5 × 1013/cm2·eV. Only metals with work functions > 4.4 eV give acceptably small reverse currents at 80 K. Of these, evaporated Ni or Pd are judged to be best for spectrometers.
Ballast Wafer Exchange as a Means of Controlling Dispersal of Freshwater Organisms by Ships (1993)

During May–December 1990 and March–May 1991, 546 foreign ocean-going vessels entered the Laurentian Great Lakes and upper St. Lawrence River, areas protected by the Great Lakes Ballast Water Control Guidelines. Between 88 and 94% of the vessels exchanged their ballast water with seawater as required by the guidelines. Living representatives of 11 invertebrate phyla were sampled from ballast tanks. Between 14 and 33% of ships that exchanged freshwater ballast in midocean carried living freshwater-tolerant zooplankton at the time of entry to the Seaway, although these included many taxa already found in the Great Lakes. Four freshwater-tolerant zooplankton species that were identified as living specimens in ballast water have apparently not been recorded from the Great Lakes. Voluntary ballast water controls reduced but did not eliminate the risk of species invasion, since some ships did not comply with the guidelines, and even ships that did exchange ballast water could introduce viable freshwater-tolerant organisms into the Great Lakes. About half of the ballast water carried into the Seaway by ocean-going vessels and lakers each year originates from the St. Lawrence River, portions of which are not yet protected by any ballast controls.
The Security of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2015)

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is an in-creasingly popular tool for data analysis in many domains. If LDA output affects de-cision making (especially when money is in-volved), there is an incentive for attackers to compromise it. We ask the question: how can an attacker minimally poison the corpus so that LDA produces topics that the attacker wants the LDA user to see? Answering this question is important to characterize such at-tacks, and to develop defenses in the future. We give a novel bilevel optimization formu-lation to identify the optimal poisoning at-tack. We present an efficient solution (up to local optima) using descent method and im-plicit functions. We demonstrate poisoning attacks on LDA with extensive experiments, and discuss possible defenses. 1
Bayesian Compressed Sensing Based Dynamic Joint Spectrum Sensing and Primary User Localization for Dynamic Spectrum Access (2011)

In cognitive radio (CR) and dynamic spectrum access (DSA) network research, most of current work on spectrum sensing focuses on the detection of existence of the spectrum holes for secondary user (SU) to harness. However, in a more sophisticated CR, the SU needs to detect more than just the existence of primary users (PUs) and spectrum holes: e.g., the transmission power and location of the primary users. In our previous work, we combined the spectrum sensing and PU power/localization detection together, and developed a joint PU detection and power/localization detection algorithm via compressed sensing (CS). By employing compressed sensing, the measurement ratio for the spectrum sensors is significantly reduced. However, if the measurement ratio is too low, the compressed sensing algorithm will not provide accurate estimates. Since the sparsity in the frequency domain is dynamically changing, it is unfeasible to set a predetermined measurement ratio. In this paper, we extend our previous work to employ the Bayesian Compressed Sensing (BCS) to improve the reconstruction results and dynamically determine the measurement ratio. Specifically, the BCS algorithm provides an "error bar" along with the reconstruction of the target vector. This "error bar" can then be used to determine if the current measurement ratio is sufficient. When the spectrum environment changes, the "error bar" will change accordingly, giving us direction to increase or decrease the measurement ratio. Simulation results including the measurement ratio, the miss detection probability (MDP), false alarm probability (FAP) and reconstruction probability (RP) confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Reactivities of Stable Rotamers. X. Reactions of 9-(2-Formyl-1-naphthyl)fluorene Rotamers and Related Compounds (1982)

Abstract Rotational barrier (ap→sp) in 9-(2-formyl-1-naphthyl)fluorene was determined: ΔH\eweq24.0 kcal/mol and ΔS\eweq−7.9 e.u. Oxidation of the aldehyde with chromium(VI) oxide was extremely slow in the ap form, whereas it proceeded smoothly in the sp form. As models of the 2 steps involved in the aldehyde oxidation, oxime formation of the aldehyde and oxidation of related alcohols were carried out to conclude that the second elimination step in the aldehyde oxidation is slow in the ap form because of the steric effect. Dehydration of the oxime of the aldehyde exhibited a large ksp/kap value as well. Sodium tetrahydridoborate reduction and Grignard additions of the aldehyde were also carried out to show that the former gave a large ksp/kap value whereas the latter exhibited rather a small ksp/kap. The implication of the results is discussed.
Tolmetin Sodium, a New Anti‐Arthritis Drug: Double‐Blind and Long‐Term Studies (1976)

The effectiveness of tolmetin sodium in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated by: 1) a 12-week, double-blind study with a dosage range of 800-1600 mg daily; and 2) an open 2-year study with a dosage range of 400-2400 mg daily. The double-blind study involved 14 patients (7 tolmetin sodium, 7 placebo), and the long-term study involved 24 patients. At frequent intervals, evaluations were made of joint pain, swelling, stiffness and inflammation; grip strength; walking time; and subjective well-being. Various laboratory tests were also performed. In the double-blind study, tolmetin sodium proved superior to placebo and produced moderate improvement. In the long-term study, 5 patients improved markedly, 14 moderately, and 3 minimally. Severe side effefts were notably absent. Some mild side effects occurred but they were transient and did not interfere with therapy. Tolmetin sodium seems effective and safe in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Tris(benzocyclobutadieno)benzene, the triangular [4]phenylene with a completely bond-fixed cyclohexatriene ring: cobalt-catalyzed synthesis from hexaethynylbenzene and thermal ring opening to 1,2:5,6:9,10-tribenzo-3,4,7,8,11,12-hexadehydro[12]annulene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTris(benzocyclobutadieno)benzene, the triangular [4]phenylene with a completely bond-fixed cyclohexatriene ring: cobalt-catalyzed synthesis from hexaethynylbenzene and thermal ring opening to 1,2:5,6:9,10-tribenzo-3,4,7,8,11,12-hexadehydro[12]annuleneRainer. Diercks and K. Peter C. VollhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3150–3152Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2062Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PHOTOINDUCED REORIENTATION OF AZOBENZENE CHROMOPHORE IN THE SIDE CHAIN COPOLYMERS (1999)

Dong Hoon ChoiCollege of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Material Science and Technology,I.L.R.I, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-shi, Kyungki-do 449-701, KoreaReceived April 14, 1999We synthesized the photoresponsive side chain polymers containing aminonitro azobenzene for studying theeffect of temperature on photoinduced birefringence. Four different copolymers were prepared using methacry-late, α-methylstyrene, and itaconate monomer. Photoisomerization was observed under the exposure of UVlight using UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Reorientation of polar azobenzene molecules induced opticalanisotropy under a linearly polarized light at 532 nm. The change of the birefringence was observed with in-creasing the sample temperature under a continuous irradiation of excitation light. We could estimate the acti-vation energy of molecular motion in thermal and photochemical mode. Besides the effect of glass transitiontemperature on the activation energy, we focused our interests on the effect of geometrical hindrance of polarazobenzene molecules and cooperative motion of environmental mesogenic molecules in the vicinity of polarazobenzene molecules.IntroductionPolymers containing an azobenzene moiety were highlyattractive to investigate their unique optical and photochemi-cal properties.
Efficiency Considerations for the Purely Tapered Interference Fit (TIF) Abutments Used in Dental Implants (2004)

A tapered interference fit provides a mechanically reliable retention mechanism for the implant-abutment interface in a dental implant. Understanding the mechanical properties of the tapered interface with or without a screw at the bottom has been the subject of a considerable amount of studies involving experiments and finite element (FE) analysis. In this paper, approximate closed-form formulas are developed to analyze the mechanics of a tapered interference fit. In particular, the insertion force, the efficiency, defined as the ratio of the pull-out force to insertion force, and the critical insertion depth, which causes the onset of plastic deformation, are analyzed. It is shown that the insertion force is a function of the taper angle, the contact length, the inner and outer radii of the implant, the static and the kinetic coefficients of friction, and the elastic modulii of the implant/abutment materials. The efficiency of the tapered interference fit, which is defined as the ratio of the pull-out force to insertion force, is found to be greater than one, for taper angles that are less than 6 deg when the friction coefficient is 0.3. A safe range of insertion forces has been shown to exist. The lower end of this range depends on the maximum pull-out force that may occur due to occlusion in the multiple tooth restorations and the efficiency of the system; and the upper end of this range depends on the plastic deformation of the abutment and the implant due to interference fit. It has been shown that using a small taper angle and a long contact length widens the safe range of insertion forces.