gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser modification of structure and properties of glass-ceramics (2004)

There are many phenomena that occur during laser radiation interaction with solids, one of them is hardening. In a broad sense of this word, it is a way to keep or to "froze" the high temperature structure of materials after being melted. Maybe the case of glass-ceramics laser hardening is one of the most impressive. Because the high temperature structure induced by laser radiation acting on these materials is mostly amorphous (the structure consists of 70-80% or even more glass phase)- keeping this structure means to save at room temperature optical properties of appeared glass, first of all -transmission, dispersion and very often optical force. Many aspects of the mentioned phenomenon were discussed in previous papers qualitatively [1, 2, 3]. In this paper we present quantitative data about rates of heating-cooling and corresponding changes in typical glass-ceramics such as cracking, amorphization, and reverse crystallization. The next aim of the paper is to illustrate changes in structural, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties due to laser radiation interaction with glass-ceramics. Thus, we demonstrated a way how to develop new materials with the use of laser modification of glass-ceramics.
Evidence for involvement of phospholipase C-<i>γ</i>2 in signal transduction of platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth-muscle cells (1993)

In order to examine the mechanisms underlying smooth-muscle cell proliferation, we investigated effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) dimers on proliferation of rabbit vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) and also involvement of phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms in the signal transduction. PDGF-BB and -AB, but not -AA, stimulated cell proliferation and intracellular production of inositol trisphosphate. Northern and Western analyses demonstrated that VSMCs mainly expressed PLC-gamma 2 and PLC-delta 1 among four PLC isoforms tested. A number of cellular proteins, including PLC-gamma 2, but not PLC-delta 1, were phosphorylated on a tyrosine residue by the stimulation of either PDGF-BB or -AB. These results suggest a functional association of PDGF receptor and PLC-gamma 2 that might be responsible for PDGF-dependent VSMC growth. In addition, the expression of PLC-gamma 2 was extremely low in the primary VSMC cultures and was induced during further cultivation of the primary cultures, indicating that an acquisition of PDGF-signal-transducing components, including PLC-gamma 2, may be an important step for proliferation of smooth-muscle cells.
Epigenetic silencing of maspin gene expression in human breast cancers (2000)

Maspin is a tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in many advanced breast cancers. Maspin has been shown to inhibit cell motility, invasion and metastasis; however, its precise role in normal mammary epithelium remains to be elucidated. Although expression of maspin mRNA is low or absent in most human breast cancer cells, the maspin gene is rarely re-arranged or deleted. We hypothesized that aberrant cytosine methylation and chromatin condensation of the maspin promoter participates in the silencing of maspin expression during neoplastic progression. To test this hypothesis, we compared cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) to 9 cultured human breast cancer cell lines. HMECs expressed maspin mRNA and displayed a completely non-methylated maspin gene promoter with an open chromatin structure. In contrast, 7 of 9 breast cancer cell lines had no detectable maspin expression and 6 of these 7 maspin-negative breast cancer cell lines also displayed an aberrant pattern of cytosine methylation of the maspin promoter. Interestingly, the maspin promoter was completely methylated in maspin-negative normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. This indicates that the maspin promoter is not a functional CpG island and that cytosine methylation of this region may contribute to normal tissue-restricted gene expression. Chromatin accessibility studies with MCF-7 cells, which lack maspin expression and have a methylated maspin promoter, showed a closed chromatin structure compared with HMECs. Moreover, maspin gene expression could be re-activated in MCF-7 cells by treatment with 5-aza-2;-deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent. Thus, aberrant cytosine methylation and heterochromatinization of the maspin promoter may silence maspin gene expression, thereby contributing to the progression of human mammary cancer.
Acoustic positioning in a fading multipath environment (2002)

Acoustic positioning systems typically use the first acoustic arrival from each beacon to determine ranges to known beacon locations, and subsequent multipath arrivals are blanked out. As long as the first arrival is reliably present, these systems are dependable, but in many realistic positioning scenarios, the expected first arrival may be blocked by underwater obstacles or masked by noise. If a subsequent multipath arrival is mistaken for the missing first arrival, a position error will result. This paper presents a positioning system which uses the full multipath structure of the received signal to make the system robust to the fading of individual arrivals. The system determines its position by a two-step process. First, the detected arrivals in the multipath structure are identified with physical ray paths through the environment using a new algorithm which is robust to the disappearance of a subset of the predicted and measured arrivals. Then, the differences in arrival times between the measured arrivals and the predicted ray arrivals are used in a linear inversion to produce a position estimate. The operation of the system is simulated in a typical coastal environment where arrivals become unexpectedly absent due to blocking by unknown bottom topography, and where a high ambient noise level often produces missed arrivals and false detections.
Sertraline Treatment for Premature Ejaculation (1995)

This study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of sertraline as a treatment for premature ejaculation. Fifty-two heterosexual male patients with self-reported premature ejaculation were randomly assigned to receive either sertraline or placebo. After a 1-week placebo washout period, the dose was titrated during treatment weeks 1 to 3 from 50 to 200 mg of sertraline per day until clinical response was optimal or dose-limiting adverse experiences emerged. Medication was maintained at this level through week 8. The primary outcome measures used to assess efficacy included patient assessment of time to ejaculation (from penetration), number of successful attempts at intercourse, and incidence of ejaculation during foreplay. Sertraline treatment produced significant improvements relative to placebo in time to ejaculation and number of successful attempts at intercourse, as well as overall clinical judgements of improvement. Medication was well tolerated by most patients. Because sertraline therapy caused significant prolongation of time to ejaculation, this agent may be useful as a treatment for selected patients with premature ejaculation.
Novel Heteroarotinoids as Potential Antagonists of <i>Mycobacterium</i> <i>b</i><i>ovis</i> BCG (2004)

A series of 15 heteroarotinoids has been prepared and evaluated for activity against Mycobacterium bovis BCG with the thiourea-containing isoxyl (7) (0.5 microg/mL) as the standard. 2,2,4-Trimethyl-2H-chromen-7-yl 4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoate (8) displayed the most significant activity (2.0-4.0 microg/mL) in terms of the lowest concentration (microg/mL) (MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration) required to produce a 99% reduction in the number of colonies on a plate as compared to that system free of the agent at the same dilution of the culture suspension. Ethyl 4-[[N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethylchroman-6-yl)thiocarbamoyl]amino]benzoate (9) and [[(1E,3Z,5E)-1-aza-4-methyl-6-(1,2,2,4-tetramethyl(1,2-dihydroquinolyl))hexa-1,3,5-trienyl]amino]aminomethane-1-thione (10) exhibited activity at 5.0-10.0 and 10.0-20.0 microg/mL, respectively, while the other examples had MIC values of 20 microg/mL or greater. The inhibitory ability of 8 may occur via the inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis in a like manner as found with 7, but this requires further study. The heteroarotinoids are the first examples to exhibit inhibitory ability against the growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCB.
Tamoxifen Use in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: CYP2D6 Matters (2012)

The question of whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 can affect treatment outcome in patients with early postmenopausal breast cancer has been a matter of debate. With the recent negative results with regard to CYP2D6 genotyping from the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 and Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) studies, the study investigators suggest that testing for CYP2D6 has no value in clinical practice.1,2 The authors of the accompanying editorial conclude that this matter can be likely laid to rest.3 However, pharmacogenetic experts demanded the retraction of the BIG 1-98 CYP2D6 study4 on the basis of massive departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE; Table 1), possibly because of the bias that may result when the CYP2D6 genotype is obtained from the tumor (somatic) genome and not the host genome (germline DNA). Various authors in their letters attribute the highly distorted genotype frequencies to allelic imbalance associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in breast tumor tissue,4,5 deviation from the standard genotyping assay protocol,5 or the presence of pseudogenes neighboring the CYP2D6 locus.6 Because the BIG 1-98 and ATAC pharmacogenetic studies may be considered sufficient to settle the issue of the value of CYP2D6 in decision making regarding endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer, we revisit the hypothesis, comment on the complementary evidence, and discuss pros and cons of the validity of CYP2D6 tamoxifen pharmacogenetics.
Quantitative studies on the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis. (1984)

Quantitative determinations of U. urealyticum and M. hominis have been performed in 164 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and 597 patients with chronic prostatitis. Evidence is provided that U. urealyticum plays an etiologic role in 29.3 percent of patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. Mixed infections of C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum, in high numbers, do occur in 11 percent of NGU cases. A constellation suggesting ureaplasma-associated disease could be observed in 13.7 to 15.2 percent of 597 patients with chronic prostatitis. M. hominis does not appear to be a causative agent of NGU or chronic prostatitis.
Quantum Chaos on Graphs (1997)

We quantize graphs (networks) which consist of a finite number of bonds and nodes. We show that their spectral statistics is well reproduced by random matrix theory. We also define a classical phase space for the graph, where the dynamics is mixing and the periodic orbits (loops on the graph) proliferate exponentially. An exact trace formula for the quantum spectrum is developed and used to investigate the origin of the connection between random matrix theory and the underlying chaotic classical dynamics. Being an exact theory, and due to its relative simplicity, it offers new insights into this problem which is at the forefront of the research in quantum chaos and related fields.
Sucrose Fermentation by Brazilian Ethanol Production Yeasts in Media Containing Structurally Complex Nitrogen Sources (2009)

Four Saccharomyces cerevisiae Brazilian industrial ethanol production strains were grown, under shaken and static conditions, in media containing 22% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with nitrogen sources varying from a single ammonium salt (ammonium sulfate) to free amino acids (casamino acids) and peptides (peptone). Sucrose fermentations by Brazilian industrial ethanol production yeasts strains were strongly affected by both the structural complexity of the nitrogen source and the availability of oxygen. Data suggest that yeast strains vary in their response to the nitrogen source's complex structure and to oxygen availability. In addition, the amount of trehalose produced could be correlated with the fermentation performance of the different yeasts, suggesting that efficient fuel ethanol production depends on finding conditions which are appropriate for a particular strain, considering demand and dependence on available nitrogen sources in the fermentation medium.
Development of a sugar-binding residue prediction system from protein sequences using support vector machine (2016)

Several methods have been proposed for protein-sugar binding site prediction using machine learning algorithms. However, they are not effective to learn various properties of binding site residues caused by various interactions between proteins and sugars. In this study, we classified sugars into acidic and nonacidic sugars and showed that their binding sites have different amino acid occurrence frequencies. By using this result, we developed sugar-binding residue predictors dedicated to the two classes of sugars: an acid sugar binding predictor and a nonacidic sugar binding predictor. We also developed a combination predictor which combines the results of the two predictors. We showed that when a sugar is known to be an acidic sugar, the acidic sugar binding predictor achieves the best performance, and showed that when a sugar is known to be a nonacidic sugar or is not known to be either of the two classes, the combination predictor achieves the best performance. Our method uses only amino acid sequences for prediction. Support vector machine was used as a machine learning algorithm and the position-specific scoring matrix created by the position-specific iterative basic local alignment search tool was used as the feature vector. We evaluated the performance of the predictors using five-fold cross-validation. We have launched our system, as an open source freeware tool on the GitHub repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61513).
A selective review on target tracking algorithms (2011)

Growing research in computer vision obliges reliable and efficient target tracking methods. This letter proposes a review on target estimation and tracking algorithms grouped into two namely deterministic and nondeterministic based algorithms. Various issues affecting success and/or failure of such algorithms are discussed as well as presenting current references (fifty five in total) on the topic. In conclusion, no single algorithm can be ideal for all tracking problems. It is hoped that with only two groups of tracking and estimation algorithms, this work will guide tracking system designers on choosing a suitable algorithms for use.
Anti-TNF-  treatment for deep endometriosis-associated pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (2008)

Infliximab appears not to affect pain associated with deep endometriosis. Treatment is associated with an important placebo effect. After surgery, pain decreases to less than 20%. Trials registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00604864.
Meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes triggers the translation and polyadenylation of dormant tissue-type plasminogen activator mRNA. (1987)

The serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is synthesized by murine oocytes undergoing meiotic maturation, but not by arrested primary oocytes. Dormant, stable t-PA mRNA accumulates during oocyte growth, so that fully grown, arrested primary oocytes contain in their cytoplasm approximately 10,000 copies of this molecule. Translation of t-PA mRNA is triggered upon resumption of meiosis and is accompanied by a progressive and concerted increase in its size. This structural change can be accounted for by increased polyadenylation at the 3' end of the molecule. Following its translation, t-PA mRNA is degraded; it is no longer detectable in fertilized eggs. The identification of a dormant mRNA in murine oocytes and the demonstration that its translational activation is accompanied by elongation of its poly(A) tail may provide insights into the control of gene expression during meiotic maturation and early mammalian development.
Producers of Ergot Alkaloids out of Claviceps Genus (1999)

It is known, that the ability to produce secondary metabolites is connected to the taxonomic position of the producers (Frisvad and Filtenborg, 1990). Traditional source of ergot alkaloids are fungi from the genus Claviceps. Up to now many organisms from filamentous fungi to higher plants were identified to be the producers of these biologically active compounds. It was established that strains belonging to fungi imperfecti, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Phycomycetes are able to synthesize the ergot alkaloids. In 1960, Hofmann and Tscherter described the occurrence of ergot alkaloids in higher plants. They succeeded in isolating of lysergic acid amide, isolysergic acid amide and chanoclavine from the seeds of Ipomoea violacea and Rivea corymbosa (Convolvulaceae).
Student solutions manual & study guide to accompany fundamentals of fluid mechanics (2005)

Work more effectively and check solutions as you go along with the text! This Student Solutions Manual and Study Guide is designed to accompany Munson, Young and Okishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition. This student supplement includes essential points of the text, Cautions to alert you to common mistakes, 109 additional example problems with solutions, and complete solutions for the Review Problems. Master fluid mechanics with the No. 1 text in the field! Effective pedagogy, everyday examples, an outstanding collection of practical problems - these are just a few reasons why Munson, Young, and Okiishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics is the best-selling fluid mechanics text on the market. In each new edition, the authors have refined their primary goal of helping you develop the skills and confidence you need to master the art of solving fluid mechanics problems. This new Fifth Edition includes many new problems, revised and updated examples, new Fluids in the News case study examples, new introductory material about Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the availability of FlowLab for solving simple CFD problems.
Plants as Environmental Biosensors (2006)

Plants are continuously exposed to a wide variety of perturbations including variation of temperature and/or light, mechanical forces, gravity, air and soil pollution, drought, deficiency or surplus of nutrients, attacks by insects and pathogens, etc., and hence, it is essential for all plants to have survival sensory mechanisms against such perturbations. Consequently, plants generate various types of intracellular and intercellular electrical signals mostly in the form of action and variation potentials in response to these environmental changes. However, over a long period, only certain plants with rapid and highly noticeable responses for environmental stresses have received much attention from plant scientists. Of particular interest to our recent studies on ultra fast action potential measurements in green plants, we discuss in this review the evidence supporting the foundation for utilizing green plants as fast biosensors for molecular recognition of the direction of light, monitoring the environment, and detecting the insect attacks as well as the effects of pesticides, defoliants, uncouplers, and heavy metal pollutants.
Analysis of a Dithering Loop for PN Code Tracking (1974)

The tracking performance of a dithering loop in the presence of white Gaussian noise is analyzed and compared to the performance of a delay-lock loop. Performance curves are presented.
The Literacy Development of Kindergarten English-Language Learners (2002)

Abstract This yearlong qualitative study explored how a literature-based literacy curriculum supported the literacy growth of ESL kindergartners participating in a full-day Portuguese-English bilingual program. The investigation centered on describing the interrelationships between oral language, reading, and writing development, and on tracing the children's literacy development in the context of instruction received. Literacy learning was embedded in three focal literacy events: circle/reading, journal writing, and phonics/handwriting. Findings indicate that an emphasis on phonics and on constructing meaning from texts supported the children's construction of literacy understandings. In addition, the findings support the notion that limited oral language proficiency does not constrain children's emergent writing and reading development. Children were capable of exploring sound-letter correspondences and building knowledge of high-frequency words. Exposure to word learning through contextualized and holistic experiences with literature and minimal direct instruction in invented spelling led children to construct sophisticated understandings about the functions and features of written language.
Facet‐Specific Ligand Interactions on Ternary AgSbS<sub>2</sub> Colloidal Quantum Dots (2017)

Silver dimetal chalcogenide (Ag-V-VI<sub>2</sub> ) ternary quantum dots (QDs) are emerging lead-free materials for optoelectronic devices due to their NIR band gaps, large absorption coefficients, and superior electronic properties. However, thin film-based devices of the ternary QDs still lag behind due to the lack of understanding of the surface chemistry, compared to that of lead chalcogenide QDs even with the same crystal structure. Herein the surface ligand interactions of AgSbS<sub>2</sub> QDs, synthesized with 1-dodecanethiol used as a stabilizer, are studied. For nonpolar (1 0 0) surfaces, it is suggested that the thiolate ligands are associated with the crystal lattices, thus preventing surface oxidation by protecting sulfur after air-exposure, as confirmed through optical and surface chemical analysis. Otherwise, silver rich (1 1 1) surfaces are passivated by thiolate ligands, allowing ligand exchange processes for the conductive films. This in-depth investigation of the surface chemistry of ternary QDs will prompt the performance enhancement of their optoelectronic devices.
Splice variant rs72613567 prevents worst histologic outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2018)

Hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is a lipid droplet-associated protein; its gene-encoding variants affect the chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To estimate the effect of rs72613567, a splice variant with an adenine insertion (A-INS), on NAFLD susceptibility and severity, we performed a case-control study with 609 individuals. We investigated the effect of carrying the A-INS allele in 356 patients with biopsy-proven disease and explored the relationship between rs72613567 genotypes and the hepatic transcriptome. The A-INS allele protected against NAFLD [odds ratio (OR) per adenine allele = 0.667; 95% CI, 0.486-0.916; <i>P</i> = 0.012]; this effect was nonsignificant when logistic regression analysis included BMI. The A-INS allele protected against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (OR = 0.612; 95% CI, 0.388-0.964; <i>P</i> = 0.033), ballooning degeneration (OR = 0.474; 95% CI, 0.267-0.842; <i>P</i> = 0.01), lobular inflammation (OR = 0.475; 95% CI, 0.275-0.821; <i>P</i> = 0.007), and fibrosis (OR = 0.590; 95% CI, 0.361-0.965; <i>P</i> = 0.035). In patients carrying A-INS, HSD17B13 levels decreased proportionally to allele dosage. Whole-transcriptome genotype profiling showed overrepresented immune response-related pathways. Thus, the rs72613567 A-INS allele reduces the risk of NASH and progressive liver damage and may become a therapeutic target.