gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Principles and Vector Quantization (2010)

Given a frame in C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> which satisfies a form of the uncertainty principle (as introduced by Candes and Tao), it is shown how to quickly convert the frame representation of every vector into a more robust Kashin's representation whose coefficients all have the smallest possible dynamic range <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(1/</i> √( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n)</i> . The information tends to spread evenly among these coefficients. As a consequence, Kashin's representations have a great power for reduction of errors in their coefficients, including coefficient losses and distortions.
Sheet-beam geometry for in vivo fluorescent x-ray computed tomography: proof-of-concept experiment in molecular imaging (2008)

We propose a fluorescent x-ray computed tomography method using an array of detectors with an incident sheet beam, aimed at providing molecular imaging with high sensitivity and good spatial resolution. In this study, we prove the feasibility of this concept and investigate its imaging properties, including spatial and contrast resolutions and quantitativeness, by imaging an acrylic phantom and a normal mouse brain using a preliminary imaging system with monochromatic synchrotron x rays.
Als Hölderlin nach Jena kam (1993)

Anfang November des Jahres 1794 reiste der 24 jährige Hölderlin mit seinem Zögling Fritz von Kalb von Waltershausen nach Jena. Er nahm den Weg über den Thüringer Wald, und zwar auf der Route Meiningen, Schmalkalden, und kam so über die Stationen Gotha, Erfurt und Weimar an sein Ziel. An den Fahrplan der Postkutsche gebunden, sah er die Orte nur flüchtig, er rühmte den Blick von der Höhe des Thüringer Waldes herab, nannte Gotha einen hübschen Ort, Erfurt enorm groß, Weimar sah er wohl nur auf der Durchreise. Und Jena? — In dem ersten uns erhaltenen Brief aus seinem neuen Wohnort vom November 1794 schrieb er an seinen Freund Neuffer: . (Nr. 89, StA VI, 138) Das ist nicht gerade ein enthusiastisches Bekenntnis zu dem erlangten Jena.
Aromatase expression in endometriotic tissues and cell cultures of patients with endometriosis (2006)

Cytochrome P-450 aromatase is responsible for catalysing the conversion of androstendione into estrone, so its expression in endometriotic tissue could contribute to the development of endometriosis. The aims of this study were, on the one hand, to determine the presence of aromatase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium, healthy peritoneum, myometrium and leiomyomas from patients with (n = 61) and without endometriosis (n = 12) and, on the other hand, to determine the effect of peritoneal fluid (PF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) on aromatase activity from endometriotic stromal cells and subcutaneous adipocytes. After immunohistochemical analysis, aromatase expression was detected in the endometriotic tissue of 61% of patients, whereas the rest of the tissues, as well as those from disease-free women, were negative. Cell cultures were made to determine aromatase activity in endometriotic stromal cells and adipocytes. The addition of PF, TNFalpha and especially IL-6 (P < 0.05) stimulated the basal enzymatic activity observed in both cell types. Our findings confirm the presence of aromatase in endometriosis and probably the existence of a local estrogen production that may be stimulated by some factors such as cytokines present in the PF of these patients. Therefore, the use of aromatase inhibitors combined with immunomodulator agents could be a novel approach to be investigated in future clinical trials.
Transforming Projective Bilexical Dependency Grammars into efficiently-parsable CFGs with Unfold-Fold (2007)

This paper shows how to use the UnfoldFold transformation to transform Projective Bilexical Dependency Grammars (PBDGs) into ambiguity-preserving weakly equivalent Context-Free Grammars (CFGs). These CFGs can be parsed in O(n 3 ) time using a CKY algorithm with appropriate indexing, rather than the O(n 5 ) time required by a naive encoding. Informally, using the CKY algorithm with such a CFG mimics the steps of the Eisner-Satta O(n 3 ) PBDG parsing algorithm. This transformation makes all of the techniques developed for CFGs available to PBDGs. We demonstrate this by describing a maximum posterior parse decoder for PBDGs.
On Structural Fatigue Under Random Loading (1954)

Experience has shown that the fluctuating loads induced by a jet may cause fatigue failure of aircraft structural components. In order to throw some light on this and similar problems, the spectrum and the fatigue stress of an elastic structure subjected to random loading are studied. The analysis is simplified by assuming the structure to have only a single degree of freedom and by using the concept of cumulative damage, the results being expressed in terms of quantities that can be directly measured. As an example, a similarity expression for the probable value of the equivalent fatigue of a panel subjected to jet buffeting is derived.
Materialization strategies in the Vertica analytic database: Lessons learned (2013)

Column store databases allow for various tuple reconstruction strategies (also called materialization strategies). Early materialization is easy to implement but generally performs worse than late materialization. Late materialization is more complex to implement, and usually performs much better than early materialization, although there are situations where it is worse. We identify these situations, which essentially revolve around joins where neither input fits in memory (also called spilling joins). Sideways information passing techniques provide a viable solution to get the best of both worlds. We demonstrate how early materialization combined with sideways information passing allows us to get the benefits of late materialization, without the bookkeeping complexity or worse performance for spilling joins. It also provides some other benefits to query processing in Vertica due to positive interaction with compression and sort orders of the data. In this paper, we report our experiences with late and early materialization, highlight their strengths and weaknesses, and present the details of our sideways information passing implementation. We show experimental results of comparing these materialization strategies, which highlight the significant performance improvements provided by our implementation of sideways information passing (up to 72% on some TPC-H queries).
Context-aware movie recommendation based on signal processing and machine learning (2011)

Most of the existing recommendation engines do not take into consideration contextual information for suggesting interesting items to users. Features such as time, location, or weather, may affect the user preferences for a particular item.
Generation of hardware machine models from instruction set descriptions (2002)

The authors describe how a modular machine description, which specifies the functionality and the binary representation of an instruction set, can be transformed into a hardware model. This model is built from new generic hardware entities (registers, memories, arithmetic/logic operators, selectors and connections) and may eventually serve as an input to high-level hardware synthesis tools. The transformation steps on the way from the machine description to the hardware model are explained by giving an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data Communications Issues For Power System Management (2007)

Digital power management, the ability to manage and configure ac-dc power supplies and dc-dc converters, is being adopted at a rapid rate. There are many choices to be made when implementing a digital power management system [1][2]. The choice of transport (data link and physical layers) is very important. Choosing the wrong transport for the application can create endless problems with the system. This paper starts with a brief history of digital power management. It then reviews the requirements for data communications for digital power management. Knowing the requirements, several of the more common implementation issues are discussed along with recommendations for avoiding those problems. From there, a summary of common data communications buses along with the advantages and disadvantages for power system management is given. The paper concludes with recommendations data communications in power system management for on-board power systems, within a single chassis, for inter-chassis communication and for facility or campus level communication.
The tolerance analysis of wide-angle lens (2005)

A paper design is the design, which has the theoretical design only and without considering the manufacturing errors. Therefore, the final performance of the lens assembly might degrade far apart from the paper design. An example of wide-angle lens tolerance analysis is presented. The numerical and graphical aberration degradation analysis shows the useful method to decide the individual lens element manufacturing tolerance.
Minimization of OH absorption and scattering losses in zirconium fluoride glasses (1983)

The most important criterion in maximizing the IR transparency of fluoride glasses for low-loss optical fiber applications is the elimination of the anionic impurities, mainly OH, which enter the glass during the batching and melting processes.1 By analogy with the OH absorption coefficient in silica glass fiber, it was estimated that 1-ppm OH would give rise to a 5000-dB/km loss at 2.9μm in fluoride glass fibers. In addition, particle inclusions, phase separation, and submicron inhomogeneities or crystallization, which result in high scattering losses, must be totally suppressed. Previously the minimum OH absorption loss reported for a fluoride glass fiber was ~1000 dB/km at 2.9 μm2, and the lowest scattering loss contribution for a fluoride glass rod was estimated to be 65 dB/km at 0.633 μm2 In this paper, substantially lower losses have been achieved using reactive atmosphere processing to remove OH and proper melting, refining, and quenching conditions to eliminate scattering imperfections.
Update on pleural diseases - 2007 (2007)

Eleven articles published in the English language between 2004 and 2007 were chosen. The basis of selection of the articles was the impact on daily practice, change in prior thinking of a disease process or specific treatment modality, as well as proper design and execution of the study. 5-Amino-laevulinic acid with fluorescent light combined with white light may allow further diagnostic yield in undiagnosed pleural disease. FDG-PET may allow prognostication of patients with pleural tumors. Utilizing ultrasound by trained Emergency Department physicians is a rapid and effective technique to evaluate non-traumatic pleural effusions in symptomatic patients. Serum osteopontin levels may distinguish patients exposed to asbestos with benign disease from those with pleural mesothelioma. Administration of streptokinase in patients with empyema does not need for surgical drainage, length of hospital stay, or mortality as compared to conventional treatment with chest tube drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Silver nitrate may be an alternative agent to talc for producing pleurodesis. Routine use of graded talc (50% particles greater than 25 microns) is recommended to reduce the morbidity associated with talc pleurodesis. Study design does not permit us to conclude that aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax is as effective as chest tube drainage. Pleural catheter may prove to be an important palliative modality in treating debilitated patients or patients with trapped lung who show symptomatic improvement with drainage; however, at the present time, these catheters cannot be considered a first line treatment option for patients with malignant pleural effusion. One of the studies reviewed showed no significant difference in tract metastasis in patients with malignant mesothelioma undergoing an invasive pleural procedure with or without irradiation to the procedure site. However, the design of the trial does not allow us to make this conclusion at the present time.
A new encounter type haptic device with an actively driven pen-tablet LCD panel (2011)

In conventional haptic devices, users interact with VR scene by handling a VR tool (such as a pen) using a mechanical device (End-effector type haptic device). On the other hand, in the case where the device can “mimic” a VR object, users can interact with the VR object without having any mechanical constraint from the device (Encounter type haptic device). Based on this concept, we are proposing a new encounter type haptic device with an actively driven pen-tablet LCD panel. The proposed device is an integration of three components: a visual of VR object, motion control (including force feedback) and motion sensing. When a user approaches to the device, the posture of the pen-tablet LCD panel is actively moved toward to the user, simultaneously, visualization of VR object rendered on the panel is updated according to the posture of the panel. The proposed device also can provide force feedback while the user is touching the VR object by a stylus pen. Therefore, the system is able to provide a sense as if the user is interacting with a real object. To control the panel, a compact parallel mechanism was newly developed and implemented. The aim of this research is to propose a new concept in the context of haptic research, and preliminary evaluation tests using a proof of concept prototype are introduced in this paper.
Nonpalpable breast lesions: recommendations for biopsy based on suspicion of carcinoma at mammography. (1988)

Carcinoma was found in 30% (119 of 400) of biopsy specimens obtained for mammographically suspicious but nonpalpable findings. The authors reviewed the mammograms of these 400 cases without knowledge of the biopsy results and placed each examination into one of four groups based on their suspicion for carcinoma: minimal (n = 82), slight (n = 91), moderate (n = 174), and high (n = 53). In 127 cases, mammograms showed either minimally suspicious calcifications (n = 33) or minimally (n = 49) or slightly (n = 45) suspicious masses. A 4.7% (six of 127) rate of carcinoma was found in these groups; five of the six cancers were in situ. Had follow-up mammography been done rather than biopsy for these 127 less suspicious lesions, it is probable that the delay in diagnosis would not have altered overall prognosis. In the remaining 273 patients, the positive predictive value of mammography for carcinoma would have risen from 30% (119 of 400) to 41% (113 of 273). The authors conclude that in the management of suspicious nonpalpable mammographic findings, the rate of carcinoma for lesions at biopsy can approximate 40%. This is almost double the rate of most published series.
Levels of selection (2010)

If the processes of selection operate to drive change at multiple levels, then, it is argued, the structure that links such multiple forms of change occurring at different levels, what Herbert Simon called the architecture of complexity, is as much a part of a general theory in biology and the social sciences as the selection processes themselves. The chapter ends with a brief overview of the general view of the book that Rutherford was wrong.
Visual conspicuity: A new simple standard, its reliability, validity and applicability (2010)

A general standard for quantifying conspicuity is described. It derives from a simple and easy method to quantitatively measure the visual conspicuity of an object. The method stems from the theoretical view that the conspicuity of an object is not a property of that object, but describes the degree to which the object is perceptually embedded in, i.e. laterally masked by, its visual environment. First, three variations of a simple method to measure the strength of such lateral masking are described and empirical evidence for its reliability and its validity is presented, as are several tests of predictions concerning the effects of viewing distance and ambient light. It is then shown how this method yields a conspicuity standard, expressed as a number, which can be made part of a rule of law, and which can be used to test whether or not, and to what extent, the conspicuity of a particular object, e.g. a traffic sign, meets a predetermined criterion. An additional feature is that, when used under different ambient light conditions, the method may also yield an index of the amount of visual clutter in the environment. Taken together the evidence illustrates the methods' applicability in both the laboratory and in real-life situations. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This paper concerns a proposal for a new method to measure visual conspicuity, yielding a numerical index that can be used in a rule of law. It is of importance to ergonomists and human factor specialists who are asked to measure the conspicuity of an object, such as a traffic or rail-road sign, or any other object. The new method is simple and circumvents the need to perform elaborate (search) experiments and thus has great relevance as a simple tool for applied research.
Improving Neural-Network Classifiers Using Nearest Neighbor Partitioning (2016)

This paper presents a nearest neighbor partitioning method designed to improve the performance of a neural-network classifier. For neural-network classifiers, usually the number, positions, and labels of centroids are fixed in partition space before training. However, that approach limits the search for potential neural networks during optimization; the quality of a neural network classifier is based on how clear the decision boundaries are between classes. Although attempts have been made to generate floating centroids automatically, these methods still tend to generate sphere-like partitions and cannot produce flexible decision boundaries. We propose the use of nearest neighbor classification in conjunction with a neural-network classifier. Instead of being bound by sphere-like boundaries (such as the case with centroid-based methods), the flexibility of nearest neighbors increases the chance of finding potential neural networks that have arbitrarily shaped boundaries in partition space. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior performance on accuracy and average f-measure.
Adaptive Color Attributes for Real-Time Visual Tracking (2014)

Visual tracking is a challenging problem in computer vision. Most state-of-the-art visual trackers either rely on luminance information or use simple color representations for image description. Contrary to visual tracking, for object recognition and detection, sophisticated color features when combined with luminance have shown to provide excellent performance. Due to the complexity of the tracking problem, the desired color feature should be computationally efficient, and possess a certain amount of photometric invariance while maintaining high discriminative power. This paper investigates the contribution of color in a tracking-by-detection framework. Our results suggest that color attributes provides superior performance for visual tracking. We further propose an adaptive low-dimensional variant of color attributes. Both quantitative and attribute-based evaluations are performed on 41 challenging benchmark color sequences. The proposed approach improves the baseline intensity-based tracker by 24 % in median distance precision. Furthermore, we show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art tracking methods while running at more than 100 frames per second.
New process additive reduces HF cloud-forming potential (1994)

The Texaco-UOP HF additive technology has demonstrated significant aerosol reduction in both small-scale and large-scale releases. The pilot plant testing did not indicate any adverse impact on the alkylation reaction, as was confirmed in a short trial at Texaco Refining and Marketing Inc.'s El Dorado, Kan., refinery in 1992. Equipment to enable continuous addition of the additive was installed in the second quarter of 1994 at the refinery. The paper discusses HF alkylation, mitigation technology, additive development, aerosol reduction, and testing on pilot scale and large scale.
Cylinder Cutoff of 4-Stroke Cycle Engines at Part-Load and Idle (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to improve fuel consumption, the effects of cylinder cutoff on engine performance were investigated on a 4-stroke cycle in-line 6-cy linder gasoline engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It was found that the cylinder cutoff obtained by deactivating both the inlet and exhaust valves was very effective for reducing the fuel consumption at part-load and idle, as both the pumping power for the inlet and the power for activating the inlet and exhaust valves were noticeable decreased.</div>
Welcome to the American Institute of Biological Sciences (1952)

Journal Article Welcome to the American Institute of Biological Sciences Get access F. F. Hill F. F. Hill Provost of Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 2, Issue 5, October 1952, Page 19, https://doi.org/10.1093/aibsbulletin/2.5.19 Published: 01 October 1952
Heuristic programmers and their gambling machines (1974)

Following our paper given at the IFIP Congress 71, another progres report is presented of our ongoing research efforts aimed at human decision making under uncertainty and risk. We have studied many aspects of human and machine learning processes, inductive and deductive inference making methods, how heuristic rules are formed and optimized by human players, and how similar results can be arrived at by machines. Although the investigations have been within the general framework of the game of Poker. our findings are considered to have a rather wide range of applicability. Also, the complex information processing system at hand incorporates both normative and descriptive theories of certain human behavior.
Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus–negative patients (2007)

iPML showed radiographic and pathological similarity in HIV-positive/HAART and HIV-negative patients. HIV-negative iPML necessitates further consideration of MRI criteria for PML.
CMOS circuits for VCSEL-based optical IO (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Purification and properties of a novel enzyme from <i>Bacillus</i> spp. T‐3040, which catalyses the conversion of dextran to cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides (1994)

A novel enzyme, cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase (CITase), catalyzes the conversion of dextran to cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides by intramolecular transglucosylation (cyclization reaction). CITase was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. T-3040 isolated from soil. The Mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 98,000 by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme catalyzed the cyclization reaction and gave three cyclic isomaltooligosaccharides (cycloisomalto-heptaose, -octase, and -nonaose) at a total yield of about 20%. Coupling and disproportionation reactions were also observed. These results showed that this enzyme is a multi-functional enzyme which catalyzes intramolecular and intermolecular transglucosylation.
Urinary α1-Microglobulin as a Marker of Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Asian Subjects in Singapore (2003)

Urinary alpha(1)-microglobulin was related to duration, severity, and control of diabetes. Urinary alpha(1)-microglobulin and albumin were directly related, but in some patients, one was present in the absence of the other. Hence, in addition to albuminuria (which measures glomerular dysfunction), urinary alpha(1)-microglobulin (which measures proximal tubular dysfunction) is useful for the early detection of nephropathy in diabetic subjects.