gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directions in hybrid intelligence: complementing AI systems with human intelligence (2016)

Hybrid intelligence systems combine machine and human intelligence to overcome the shortcomings of existing AI systems. This paper reviews recent research efforts towards developing hybrid systems focusing on reasoning methods for optimizing access to human intelligence and on gaining comprehensive understanding of humans as helpers of AI systems. It concludes by discussing short and long term research directions.
High performances of shielded LTCC vertical transitions from DC up to 50 GHz (2005)

This paper reports on research on two generic shielded vertical transitions in low-temperature cofired ceramic technology. These interconnections are simulated and optimized by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations. The first circuit, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) or microstrip-to-stripline transition, presents great experimental performances from dc up to 50 GHz, and the second, a CPW-to-waveguide transition, is defined for Q-band applications.
Magnetic sensitivity of a distributed Si planar <i>p n p n</i> structure supporting a controlled current filament (1974)

A distributed Si planar p n p n structure has been fabricated as a magnetic field detector and has yielded output signals up to 30 times those of a comparable Hall detector. The magnetic sensitivity of the structure derives from a field-induced lateral displacement of an injected electron-hole current filament.
A short and convenient synthesis and evaluation of the antiinfective properties of indoloquinoline alkaloids: 10<i>H</i>‐Indolo[3,2‐<i>b</i>]quinoline and 7<i>H</i>‐indolo[2,3‐<i>c</i>]quinolines (2008)

Abstract magnified image 10 H ‐Indolo[3,2‐ b ]quinoline and 7H ‐indolo[2,3‐ c ]quinoline have been synthesized in two steps using a modified approach to our previous reported method. Starting from commercially available 3‐aminoquinoline and phenylboronic acid, the first step involved a copper acetate‐catalyzed coupling reaction and the second utilized a palladium acetate‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation reaction in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid as solvent. The anti‐infective activity of a selected number of the compounds was also evaluated.
Molecular diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium in a worldwide collection of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) germplasm (2012)

A global population of tobacco is highly structured. Clustering highlights the accessions with the same market class. LD in tobacco extends up to 75 cM and is strongly dependent on the population structure.
Change of Lumbar Spine and Hip Joint Flexion Angles During Forward Bending of the Trunk Using Manual Facilitation and a Stick (2011)

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of manual facilitation and a stick on lumbar and hip joint flexion angles in subject with lumbar flexion syndrome during forward bending from a sitting position. Fifteen subjects with lumbar flexion syndrome were recruited for this study. As a pretest, all subjects performed three repetitions of bending the trunk forward until the tips of their fingers touched the target bar. After this pretest, the subjects practiced the forward bending of the trunk 10 times, using either manual facilitation or a stick. Then, as a posttest, all subjects repeated the pretest procedure. The flexion angles of lumbar spine and hip joint during forward bending in a sitting position were measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between pre-test and post-test flexion angles and pre- and post-test flexion angle differences between forward bending with manual facilitation and forward bending with a stick. The level of statistical significance was set at p=.05. The results of the study showed that the angle of the lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the bilateral hip flexion angle increased significantly when performing forward bending with stick and manual facilitation. Furthermore, the angle of lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the angle of bilateral hip flexion increased significantly in forward bending with a stick compared to forward bending with manual facilitation. The findings of this study indicate that both forward bending with manual facilitation and sticks could be used to prevent excessive lumbar flexion and increase hip flexion, and that forward bending with a stick is more effective than forward bending with manual facilitation for inducing lumbar spine and hip joint angle changes.
Amide proton transfer MR imaging of prostate cancer: A preliminary study (2011)

APT-MR imaging is feasible in prostate cancer detection and has the potential to discriminate between cancer and noncancer tissues.
The Solubility of Gases in Liquids (1966)

The solubility of gases in liquids has been under quantitative investigation since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The last decade has seen some remarkable advances in theory, empirical correlations, systems studied, and apparatus. Much of the earlier work was more qualitative than quantitative. Gas solubilities have become increasingly more important for both the theoretical understanding of the liquid state and solutions, and for practical applications from the solubility of gases in human tissues to the solubility of gases in molten salts and metals.
Lymphocyte Trafficking and HIV Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue in a Rotating Wall Vessel Bioreactor (1997)

The pathogenesis of HIV infection involves a complex interplay between both the infected and noninfected cells of human lymphoid tissue, the release of free viral particles, the de novo infection of cells, and the recirculatory trafficking of peripheral blood lymphocytes. To develop an in vitro model for studying these various aspects of HIV pathogenesis we have utilized blocks of surgically excised human tonsils and a rotating wall vessel (RWV) cell culture system. Here we show that (1) fragments of the surgically excised human lymphoid tissue remain viable and retain their gross cytoarchitecture for at least 3 weeks when cultured in the RWV system; (2) such lymphoid tissue gradually shows a loss of both T and B cells to the surrounding growth medium; however, this cellular migration is reversible as demonstrated by repopulation of the tissue by labeled cells from the growth medium; (3) this cellular migration may be partially or completely inhibited by embedding the blocks of lymphoid tissue in either a collagen or agarose gel matrix; these embedded tissue blocks retain most of the basic elements of a normal lymphoid cytoarchitecture; and (4) both embedded and nonembedded RWV-cultured blocks of human lymphoid tissue are capable of productive infection by HIV-1 of at least three various strains of different tropism and phenotype, as shown by an increase in both p24 antigen levels and free virus in the culture medium, and by the demonstration of HIV-1 RNA-positive cells inside the tissue identified by in situ hybridization. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that gel-embedded and nonembedded blocks of human lymphoid tissue, cocultured with a suspension of tonsillar lymphocytes in an RWV culture system, constitute a useful model for simulating normal lymphocyte recirculatory traffic and provide a new tool for testing the various aspects of HIV pathogenesis.
Playing with organic radicals as building blocks for functional molecular materials (2011)

The literature has shown numerous contributions on the synthesis and physicochemical properties of persistent organic radicals but there are a lesser number of reports about their use as building blocks for obtaining molecular magnetic materials exhibiting an additional and useful physical property or function. These materials show promise for applications in spintronics as well as bistable memory devices and sensing materials. This critical review provides an up-to-date survey to this new generation of multifunctional magnetic materials. For this, a detailed revision of the most common families of persistent organic radicals-nitroxide, triphenylmethyl, verdazyl, phenalenyl, and dithiadiazolyl-so far reported will be presented, classified into three different sections: materials with magnetic, conducting and optical properties. An additional section reporting switchable materials based on these radicals is presented (257 references).
Acknowledgment of 3GPP WCDMA random and packet access applying space-time transmit-diversity (2002)

Advanced packet-access based services are now widely considered to play the key role in 3/sup rd/ generation (3G) mobile communication systems. The FDD-mode (commonly denoted as WCDMA) standardized by the 3/sup rd/ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provides a variety of logical, transport and physical channels to assist efficient packet based transmission. Random access channel (RACH) and common packet channel (CPCH) are reverse link (packet) channels that are shared among several users. So-called acquisition indicator channels (AICH) are used with RACH and CPCH on the physical layer to assist fast acknowledgment of (packet) access grants or rejections. Space-time transmit diversity (STTD) is the WCDMA concept for performance improvement of forward link, nonpower-controlled, physical channels like AICH. This paper describes the RACH and CPCH concept with emphasis of the AICH. It introduces the STTD concept for AICH and shows link layer performance results with and without applying STTD.
Stability of Perovskite (MgSiO <sub>3</sub> ) in the Earth's Mantle (1996)

Available thermodynamic data and seismic models favor perovskite (MgSiO3) as the stable phase in the mantle. MgSiO3 was heated at temperatures from 1900 to 3200 kelvin with a Nd-YAG laser in diamond-anvil cells to study the phase relations at pressures from 45 to 100 gigapascals. The quenched products were studied with synchrotron x-ray radiation. The results show that MgSiO3 broke down to a mixture of MgO (periclase) and SiO2 (stishovite or an unquenchable polymorph) at pressures from 58 to 85 gigapascals. These results imply that perovskite may not be stable in the lower mantle and that it might be necessary to reconsider the compositional and density models of the mantle.
Structural characterization of oxidized allotaxially grown CoSi2 layers by x-ray scattering (2000)

A series of buried CoSi2 layers prepared by a modified molecular beam epitaxy process (allotaxy) and a subsequent wet-oxidation process was investigated by x-ray scattering. The oxidation time which determines the depth in which the CoSi2 layers are located within the Si substrates has been varied during the preparation. The electron density profiles and the structure of the interfaces were extracted from specular reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements. Crystal truncation rod investigations yielded the structure on an atomic level (crystalline quality). It turns out that the roughness of the CoSi2 layers increases drastically with increasing oxidation time, i.e., with increasing depth of the buried layers. Furthermore, the x-ray data reveal that the oxidation growth process is diffusion limited.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PRECIPITATION OF CHROMATES (1938)

A study was made of the precipitation of the chromates of copper, cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and iron at room temperature. The concentration of the reacting metallic salt solutions was kept constant, and that of the potassium chromate solutions was varied regularly. Solutions were mixed in less than one-tenth of a second, and the rate of mixing was accurately determined. The ratio of oxide to chromium trioxide was found by analysis for chromium trioxide and the metal on the same portion of the precipitate. If the ratio remained constant with varying concentrations of reactants, a definite compound was indicated. The composition of the precipitates obtained with copper salts approached that of the normal chromate. Cadmium and cobaltous salts always gave normal chromates. Zinc and ferric salts yielded only basic mixtures.
The <i>ROTUNDIFOLIA3</i> gene of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>encodes a new member of the cytochrome P-450 family that is required for the regulated polar elongation of leaf cells (1998)

The polarized processes of cell elongation play a crucial role in morphogenesis of higher plants. We reported previously that the rotundifolia3 (rot3) mutant of Arabidopsis has a defect in the polar elongation of leaf cells. In the present study, we isolated two additional alleles with mutations in the ROT3 gene. The ROT3 gene was cloned by a T-DNA-tagging method and isolation of the gene was confirmed by a molecular analysis of three rot3 mutant alleles obtained from different mutagenesis. The ROT3 gene encodes a cytochrome P-450 (CYP90C1) with domains homologous to regions of steroid hydroxylases of animals and plants. Expression of the ROT3 gene was detected in all major plant organs. Especially, higher expression was detected in the tissues that had high activity of cell division. We confirmed that the ROT3 gene controls polar elongation specifically in leaf cells by an analysis of three rot3 mutants obtained from different mutagenesis experiments. Our results imply that the ROT3 protein is a member of a new class of cytochrome P-450 encoding putative steroid hydroxylases, which is required for the regulated polar elongation of cells in leaves of Arabidopsis.
Ensemble Learning in Fixed Expansion Layer Networks for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting (2013)

Catastrophic forgetting is a well-studied attribute of most parameterized supervised learning systems. A variation of this phenomenon, in the context of feedforward neural networks, arises when nonstationary inputs lead to loss of previously learned mappings. The majority of the schemes proposed in the literature for mitigating catastrophic forgetting were not data driven and did not scale well. We introduce the fixed expansion layer (FEL) feedforward neural network, which embeds a sparsely encoding hidden layer to help mitigate forgetting of prior learned representations. In addition, we investigate a novel framework for training ensembles of FEL networks, based on exploiting an information-theoretic measure of diversity between FEL learners, to further control undesired plasticity. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a basic classification task, clearly emphasizing its advantages over existing techniques. The architecture proposed can be enhanced to address a range of computational intelligence tasks, such as regression problems and system control.
Cluster III of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Binds Activated Blood Coagulation Factor VIII (2014)

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP) mediates clearance of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). In LRP, FVIII binds the complement-type repeats (CRs) of clusters II and IV, which also bind a majority of other LRP ligands. No ligand is known for LRP cluster I, and only three ligands, including the LRP chaperone alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (RAP), bind cluster III. Using surface plasmon resonance, we found that in addition to clusters II and IV, activated FVIII (FVIIIa) binds cluster III. The specificity of this interaction was confirmed using an anti-FVIII antibody fragment, which inhibited the binding. Recombinant fragments of cluster III and its site-directed mutagenesis were used to localize the cluster's site for binding FVIIIa to CR.14-19. The interactive site of FVIIIa was localized within its A1/A3'-C1-C2 heterodimer (HDa), which is a major physiological remnant of FVIIIa. In mice, the clearance of HDa was faster than that of FVIII and prolonged in the presence of RAP, which is known to inhibit interactions of LRP with its ligands. In accordance with this, the cluster III site for RAP (CR.15-19) was found to overlap that for FVIIIa. Altogether, our findings support the involvement of LRP in FVIIIa catabolism and suggest a greater significance of the biological role of cluster III compared to that previously known.
Macrobicyclic Cage Amine Ligands for Copper Radiopharmaceuticals: A Single Bivalent Cage Amine Containing Two Lys<sup>3</sup>-bombesin Targeting Peptides (2011)

The synthesis of new cage amine macrobicyclic ligands with pendent carboxylate functional groups designed for application in copper radiopharmaceuticals is described. Reaction of [Cu((NH(2))(2)sar)](2+) (sar = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) with either succinic or glutaric anhydride results in selective acylation of the primary amine atoms of [Cu((NH(2))(2)sar)](2+) to give derivatives with either one or two aliphatic carboxylate functional groups separated from the cage amine framework by either a four- or five-atom linker. The Cu(II) serves to protect the secondary amine nitrogen atoms from acylation, and can be removed to give the free ligands. The newly appended carboxylate functional groups can be used as sites of attachment for cancer-targeting peptides such as Lys(3)-bombesin. The synthesis of the first dimeric sarcophagine-peptide conjugate, possessing two Lys(3)-bombesin peptides tethered to a single cage amine, is presented. This species has been radiolabeled with copper-64 at ambient temperature and there is minimal dissociation of Cu(II) from the conjugate even after two days of incubation in human serum.
Infrared Thermometry and the Crop Water Stress Index. II. Sampling Procedures and Interpretation (1992)

Infrared thermometry can be a valuable research and production tool for detecting and quantifying water stress in plants, as shown by a large volume of published research. Users of infrared thermometers (IRT) should be aware of the many equipment, environmental, and plant factors influencing canopy temperature measured by an IRT. The purpose of this paper is to describe factors influencing measured plant temperature, outline sampling procedures that will produce reliable Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) values, and offer interpretations of CWSI and plant temperatures relative to crop production and other water stress parameters by reviewing previously conducted research. Factors that are considered are IRT condition, configuration, and position; psychrometer location; wind speed; solar radiation; time of day; leaf area and orientation; and appropriate non‐water‐stressed baseline equation. Standard sampling and CWSI calculation procedures are proposed. Use of CWSI with crops varying in type of response to water stress is described. Previously conducted research on plant temperatures or CWSI is tabulated by crop and water stress parameters measured. The paper provides valuable information to assist interested users of IRTs in making reliable water stress measurements.
Statutory Limitation Periods in Alberta Statutes: 1977 Update (1979)

In the third issue of its 1974 volume the Alberta Law Review pre sented the first comprehensive compilation of limitation periods in Alberta statutes done since 1962. The materials presented in the current volume are an effort to continue this project on an annual basis. The 1974 compilation and subsequent updates were prepared by the Institute of Law Research and Reform at the request of the current editor. The 1976 and 1977 updates have been prepared by the Editorial Board of the Alberta Law Review. While every effort at thoroughness has been made, the Board does not represent the absolute accuracy or absolute coverage of the limitation periods in the 1976 or 1977 Statutes of Alberta. It should be noted that no reference has been made to the Alberta Regulations with respect to limitation periods, and the reader is advised to have regard to the provisions of the Interpretation Act, R.S.A. 1970, c. 189 with respect to the computation of time.
Fast Algorithms for Top-k Approximate String Matching (2010)

Top-k approximate querying on string collections is an important data analysis tool for many applications, and it has been exhaustively studied. However, the scale of the problem has increased dramatically because of the prevalence of the Web. In this paper, we aim to explore the efficient top-k similar string matching problem. Several efficient strategies are introduced, such as length aware and adaptive q-gram selection. We present a general q-gram based framework and propose two efficient algorithms based on the strategies introduced. Our techniques are experimentally evaluated on three real data sets and show a superior performance.
A low-voltage 6-GHz-band CMOS monolithic LC-tank VCO using a tuning-range switching technique (2002)

A low-voltage 6-GHz-band monolithic LC-tank VCO has been fabricated using 0.2-/spl mu/m CMOS/SIMOX process technology. The VCO features a tuning-range switching technique to achieve a wide tuning range. The output frequency range is between 5.71 and 6.21 GHz owing to the tuning-range switch. With the tuning-range switch on or off, the phase noise is about -100 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and about -120 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset frequency at the supply voltage of 2 V, and the VCO can oscillate at over 6.0 GHz with 1.1-V supply voltage. In that case, the phase noise is also about -100 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The dissipation current of the VCO core is 21.4 mA at 2.0-V supply voltage and 7.4 mA at 1.1-V supply voltage.
Development of a distributed intelligent load controller (DILC) (2005)

The objective of this task was to develop equipment and systems to ensure that networks with high levels of distributed renewable energy generation are operated effectively and economically, and specifically to develop hardware and control strategies for effective load management.
A Cross-layer Approach to Enhance TCP Fairness in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (2005)

Wireless ad-hoc networks represent an emerging technology, well suited for providing temporary network connectivity where a wired infrastructure cannot be easily set up. The very popular 802.11 standard enables wireless ad-hoc networking, using the distributed coordination function (DCF) for multiple access to the shared radio channel. Unfortunately, the interaction between TCP dynamics, driven by the additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) paradigm, and DCF channel access rules, which are based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm, leads to an inefficient spatial channel usage. As a consequence, 802.11 ad-hoc networks provide an unfair service to TCP flows. In order to achieve a reasonable trade-off between throughput and fairness, this paper proposes a cross-layer algorithm that dynamically limits the number of in flight segments in a TCP connection by taking into account measurements of frame collision probability, collected at the MAC layer along the path. Performance of the proposed algorithm have been evaluated by ns-2 simulations; results have shown that the developed cross-layer scheme provides the same goodput, improves fairness in bandwidth sharing, and reduces segment retransmission ratios with respect to the standard TCP over 802.11 MAC
Discrete coefficient FIR digital filter design based upon an LMS criteria (1983)

An efficient method optimizing (in the least square response error sense) the remaining unquantized coefficients of a FIR linear phase digital filter when one or more of the filter coefficients takes on discrete values is introduced. By incorporating this optimization method into a tree search algorithm and employing a suitable branching policy, an efficient algorithm for the design of high-order discrete coefficient FIR filters is produced. This approach can also be used to design FIR filters on a minimax basis. The minimax criterion is approximated by adjusting the least squares weighting. Results show that the least square criteria is capable of designing filters of order well beyond other approaches by a factor of three for the same computer time. The discrete coefficient spaces discussed include the evenly distributed finite wordlength space as well as the nonuniformly distributed powers-of-two space.
Expression of MAGE A 1-6 mRNA in sputa of head and neck cancer patients--a preliminary report. (2006)

MAGE may be a useful tumor marker of head and neck cancer.