gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding Technology of Semiconductor Film on Piezoelectric Substrate Using Epitaxial Lift-Off Technology (2001)

In this paper, we report the results of a study on the basic problems of the mass production of epitaxial liftoff (ELO) film bonding technology. We propose a new releasing method for a large number of semiconductor films using polyimide to protect the semiconductor films. We investigated the basic process conditions and successfully released a large number of stripe shaped GaAs films. We also studied the heating method for enhancing the bonding strength between a small-sized semiconductor film and a piezoelectric substrate. We investigated the effect of migration of water molecules from the bonding interfaces using microwave and laser irradiation. We estimated the crystallinity of semiconductor films by X-ray diffraction. The results clarified that these processes were effective in improving mass productivity on the fabrication technology of surface acoustic wave (SAW)-semiconductor coupled devices.
Physical and biochemical analysis of the cloned recB and recC genes of Escherichia coli K-12 (1984)

A 19-kilobase BamHI fragment encoding the recB (exonuclease V), recC (exonuclease V), ptr (protease III), thyA, and argA genes of Escherichia coli K-12 was cloned into a multicopy plasmid (pCDK3). In E. coli maxicells, the plasmid specified the synthesis of seven polypeptides of 140,000 (recC), 128,000 (recB), 110,000 (ptr), 53,000 (argA), 50,000, 33,000 (thyA), and 22,000 Mr, as well as beta-lactamase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. From analysis of subclones and Tn1000 insertions, it appears that the 110,000- and 50,000-Mr proteins originated from the ptr DNA coding sequence which is located between the recB and recC genes. Although recC, ptr, and recB were physically closely linked and transcribed in the same direction, they do not appear to constitute an operon. Cells carrying pCDK3 contained a 30- to 50-fold increase in exonuclease V activity, without affecting cell viability.
Simulating thick atmospheric turbulence in the lab with application to orbital angular momentum communication (2014)

We describe a procedure by which a long ($\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{km}$) optical path through atmospheric turbulence can be experimentally simulated in a controlled fashion and scaled down to distances easily accessible in a laboratory setting. This procedure is then used to simulate a 1-km-long free-space communication link in which information is encoded in orbital angular momentum (OAM) spatial modes. We also demonstrate that standard adaptive optics methods can be used to mitigate many of the effects of thick atmospheric turbulence.
Synthese und Eigenschaften von 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium- 2-carboxylat. Ein stabiles Carben-Addukt des Kohlendioxids [1] / Synthesis and Properties of 1,3-Diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium -2-carboxylate. A Stable Carbene Adduct of Carbon Dioxide [1] (1999)

The reaction of 2,3-dihydro-l,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (5) with CO 2 gives the imidazolium-2-carboxylate 6. The compound can be transformed into the salts of its corresponding Broenstedt acid 8 . The cationic acid chloride 10a is obtained from 6 and thionylchloride. Chemical properties and spectroscopic data indicate 6 to be less basic than its anionic counterparts, e. g. PhCO 2 - . The X-ray structure of 6 is reported.
Changes in membrane potential during the progression of MCF‐7 human mammary tumor cells through the cell cycle (1995)

We previously reported that MCF-7 cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle by agents known to block the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (Woodfork et al., 1995, J. Cell Physiol. 162:163-171). The goal of our current study was to determine if MCF-7 cells undergo changes in membrane potential during the cell cycle that might be linked to changes in K permeability. The resting membrane potentials of unsynchronized MCF-7 cells during exponential growth phase were measured using sharp glass microelectrodes, and they ranged from -58.6 mV to -2.7 mV. The distribution of membrane potentials was best fitted by the sum of four Gaussian distributions with means of -9.0 mV, -17.4 mV, -24.6 mV, and -40.4 mV. These membrane potential groups were designated D (depolarized), ID (intermediate depolarized), IH (intermediate hyperpolarized), and H (hyperpolarized), respectively. The membrane potential was sensitive to the substitution of external K and Na but not Cl. The K:Na permeability ratio increased in proportion to the negativity of the membrane potential. MCF-7 cells pharmacologically arrested in G0/G1 phase were depolarized compared to control, with cells shifted from the H and IH groups to the D group. Tamoxifen-arrested cells chased from G0/G1 into S phase by the addition of mitogenic concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol were not depolarized, and these cells were shifted from the D group back to the IH and H groups. We conclude that MCF-7 cells hyperpolarize during passage through G0/G1 and into S phase, and this hyperpolarization probably results from an increase in the relative permeability of the plasma membrane to K.
Novel small molecule modulators of quorum sensing in avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) (2018)

Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), is an economically important bacterial disease of poultry. APEC are a subgroup of extra intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and poultry are considered potential sources of foodborne ExPEC to humans. Currently, APEC infections in poultry are controlled by antibiotics and/or vaccination; however, their effect is limited due to emergence of antibiotic resistant strains and infections with heterologous serotypes. Therefore, novel approaches are needed. Here, using the bioluminescent quorum sensing (QS) autoinducer 2 (AI-2) indicator Vibrio harveyi BB170, we screened the cell free culture supernatant of APEC O78 prepared from cultures grown in the presence of 4,182 small molecules (SMs; 100 μM). A total of 69 SMs inhibited > 75% of APEC O78 AI-2 activity in the indicator bacteria. Ten SMs that showed highest AI-2 inhibition were selected for further studies. Most of these SMs inhibited the AI-2 activity of other APEC serotypes and significantly reduced APEC O78 biofilm formation and motility. Most compounds showed minimal toxicity on human intestinal cells (Caco-2), chicken macrophage (HD-11), and chicken and sheep red blood cells, and reduced APEC survival in HD-11 and THP-1 macrophages. The SMs induced no or minimal toxicity and conferred protection against APEC in wax moth larval model. SMs affected the expression of APEC O78 QS, virulence, biofilm and motility associated genes providing insight on their potential mode(s) of action. Further testing in chickens will facilitate development of these SMs as novel therapeutics to control APEC in poultry and thereby also reduce zoonotic transmission.
Dynamics of underwater legged locomotion: modeling and experiments on an octopus-inspired robot (2015)

This paper studies underwater legged locomotion (ULL) by means of a robotic octopus-inspired prototype and its associated model. Two different types of propulsive actions are embedded into the robot model: reaction forces due to leg contact with the ground and hydrodynamic forces such as the drag arising from the sculling motion of the legs. Dynamic parameters of the model are estimated by means of evolutionary techniques and subsequently the model is exploited to highlight some distinctive features of ULL. Specifically, the separation between the center of buoyancy (CoB)/center of mass and density affect the stability and speed of the robot, whereas the sculling movements contribute to propelling the robot even when its legs are detached from the ground. The relevance of these effects is demonstrated through robotic experiments and model simulations; moreover, by slightly changing the position of the CoB in the presence of the same feed-forward activation, a number of different behaviors (i.e. forward and backward locomotion at different speeds) are achieved.
Autoimmune diseases after adolescent or adult immunization: What should we expect? (2007)

In October 2006, the Israeli minister of health temporarily suspended the national influenza immunization program after 4 elderly patients with underlying cardiovascular disease suddenly died only days after receiving the influenza vaccine. There is compelling evidence that subunit and protein-based
Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Fractionated Extracts of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (2009)

ABSTRACT Objectives : Smilacis glabrae rhizoma (SG) has been traditionally used as a herbal medication of musculoskeletal disorders like arthritis, pain, convulsions, an d syphilis in traditional Korean medicine. This study was investigated anti-oxidative and anti-i nflammatory effect of fractionated extracts of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma in Human Umbilical Vein En dothelial Cell (HUVEC).Methods : SG extract prepared with methanol, and then fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water. Inhibitory effect of SG onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH, superoxide anions and nitric oxid e scavenging activities in vitro. Cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells was measured using 5-(3-caroboxymeth- oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. Intracelluar oxidation was analysed by DCF-DA assay. The nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. The levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were confirmed by western blot. An d proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. Results : Our results indicated that fractionated extracts, especially e thyl acetate (EA) extract, significantly inhibited free radical generation, the TNF-α-indu ced intracellular oxidation. Furthermore, the EA extract protected TNF-α-induced adhesion to THP-1, expre ssion of adhesion molecules accompanied by an attenuation of IL-6 and IL-8 formation in HUV EC. Conclusions : These results indicate that EA extract of SG have potential as an agent of atherosclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis.Key words : Smilacis glabrae rhizoma (SG), anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, chronic inflammatory
Comparing the accuracy of ES-BC, EIS-GS, and ES Oxi on body composition, autonomic nervous system activity, and cardiac output to standardized assessments (2011)

ES-BC and ES Oxi accurately assessed body composition and cardiac output compared to standardized instruments, whereas EIS-GS showed marginal predictive ability for autonomic nervous system activity. The ESC software managing the three devices would be useful to help detect complications related to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and to noninvasively and rapidly manage treatment follow-up.
Optical properties of gold and aluminium nanoparticles for silicon solar cell applications (2011)

The optical properties of metal nanoparticles are explored as a function of lateral size, shape, aspect-ratio and metal type. Simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation are compared with experimental measurements of arrays of metal nanoparticles fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Careful selection of experimental parameters ensures minimization of far-field and near-field coupling, and inhomogeneous broadening, thus allowing comparison with single particle simulations. The optical properties of Au nanoparticles are compared with similar Al nanoparticles for each particle type. For solar cell light-trapping applications, we require metal nanoparticles that exhibit extinction peaks near the band-edge region of the absorbing material, as well as low absorption and large optical cross-sections. Al nanoparticles are shown to be of interest for amorphous silicon solar cells, but their applications for polycrystalline solar cells is limited by the presence of an interband region in the near-infrared. The opposite is found for Au nanoparticles, which feature an interband threshold region in the visible that makes their optical properties unsuitable for amorphous silicon but very suitable for crystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
Effective Scale Prevention Using Chemically Infused Proppant - A Uinta Basin Case History (2015)

Abstract Scale deposition down hole is a well-known and common production problem throughout the industry. Successful treatment of scale where it is first deposited near wellbore can be challenging in many cases, and sometimes impossible in others. While production assurance and scale inhibition chemicals have traditionally been added as a liquid in the fracturing fluid, this approach is often not very efficient or effective as a standalone inhibition strategy. Quite often a significant fraction of the chemical immediately returns during the initial flow back with only a small portion remaining for future inhibition. This then typically necessitates reapplication of the inhibitor chemicals using a squeeze treatment or continuous injection. The chemical delivery system described here utilizes porous ceramic proppant, which has been infused with the appropriate production chemical(s) and encapsulated. The infused ceramic proppant is added at a designed small weight fraction to the rest of the proppant volume in the fracture treatment. It is manufactured to perform as both a proppant and a chemical delivery system so it replaces an equivalent volume of standard proppant in its dual function as a proppant [Duenckel, 2014]. After placement in the fracture the chemical slowly releases from the proppant over the designed treatment period. This chemical delivery system allows for a large amount of chemical to be placed within the fracture, releasing slowly, without negatively impacting conductivity. The proppant is encapsulated with a semipermeable membrane which controls the release of production chemicals during placement and production. This provides long term scale protection and production assurance which eliminates the need for additional costly well treatments and lowers overall lease operating expense. In addition to describing the chemical delivery system, this paper will present a case history in which five wells in the Uinta Basin were treated with scale inhibitor using this new delivery system. In this application the infused porous ceramic was added in at a design fraction to natural frac sand treatments. Inhibitor returns will be presented which illustrate the efficient, long term protection of the entire production system from both barium sulfate and calcium carbonate scale. This paper will be useful for all production and completions engineers and technicians who are engaged in providing long term scale prevention and production assurance.
Labor Market in 2001: Economy Enters a Recession. (2002)

Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (OCDM) is a modulation scheme which outperforms the conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) under frequency selective channels by using chirp subcarriers. However, low complexity equalization algorithms for OCDM based systems under doubly selective channels have not been investigated yet. Moreover, in OCDM, the usage of different phase matrices in modulation will lead to extra storage overhead. In this paper, we investigate an OCDM based modulation scheme termed uniform phase-Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (UP-OCDM) for high-speed communication over doubly selective channels. With uniform phase matrices equipped, UP-OCDM can reduce the storage requirement of modulation. We also prove that like OCDM, the transform matrix of UP-OCDM is circulant. Based on the circulant transform matrix, we show that the channel matrices in UP-OCDM system over doubly selective channels have special structures that (1) the equivalent frequency-domain channel matrix can be approximated as a band matrix, and (2) the transform domain channel matrix in the framework of the basis expansion model (BEM) is a sum of the product of diagonal and circulant matrices. Based on these special channel structures, two low-complexity equalization algorithms are proposed for UP-OCDM in this paper. The equalization algorithms are based on block LDL H factorization and iterative matrix inversion, respectively. Numerical simulations are finally proposed to show the performance of UP-OCDM and the validity of the proposed low complexity equalization algorithms. It is shown that when the channel is doubly selective, UP-OCDM and OCDM have similar BER performance, and both of them outperform OFDM. Moreover, the proposed low complexity equalizers for UP-OCDM both show better BER performance than their OFDM counterparts.
Agents that increase cAMP accumulation block endothelial c-sis induction by thrombin and transforming growth factor-beta. (1987)

Endothelial cells express the product of the c-sis gene, which encodes the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Through local production of growth factors such as PDGF in vascular sites, endothelial cells may stimulate proliferation of adjacent cells through a paracrine mechanism. Previously, we have shown that the expression of c-sis mRNA and release of growth factor activity by human renal endothelial cells is induced by thrombin. We now show that another agent of possible importance in mediating proliferation of cells adjacent to the endothelial cell layer, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), also induced c-sis expression in these cells. In addition, we have studied the effect of agents that increase intracellular cAMP levels upon the induction of endothelial cell c-sis mRNA. The adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and norepinephrine blocked the elevation of cellular c-sis mRNA accompanying exposure to either thrombin or TGF-beta. This effect was mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors, since propranolol but not phentolamine reversed the inhibition. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, also blocked induction of c-sis mRNA by thrombin and TGF-beta and inhibited the release of PDGF activity into the media of these cells. Basal, as well as stimulated c-sis mRNA levels were attenuated by these agents that increase cellular cAMP levels. These data suggest that increased cAMP production inhibits the expression of c-sis encoded mitogens by endothelial cells, and that c-sis expression is subject to bidirectional regulation in these cells.
Determination of Life-Span in <b> <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> </b> by Four Clock Genes (1996)

The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a model system for the study of the genetic basis of aging. Maternal-effect mutations in four genes--clk-1, clk-2, clk-3, and gro-1--interact genetically to determine both the duration of development and life-span. Analysis of the phenotypes of these mutants suggests the existence of a general physiological clock in the worm. Mutations in certain genes involved in dauer formation (an alternative larval stage induced by adverse conditions in which development is arrested) can also extend life-span, but the life extension of Clock mutants appears to be independent of these genes. The daf-2(e1370) clk-1(e2519) worms, which carry life-span-extending mutations from two different pathways, live nearly five times as long as wild-type worms.
The effect of post-deposition cooling rate on the orientation of piezoelectric (Pb<sub>0.92</sub>Sr<sub>0.08</sub>)(Zr<sub>0.65</sub>Ti<sub>0.35</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering (2006)

Strontium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PSZT) has been reported for its high piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. The deposition of piezoelectric thin films ( from a few nanometres to a few microns) is an essential part of microsystem devices for sensing and actuating. For PSZT to exhibit pronounced piezoelectric behaviour it must have a crystalline grain structure ( perovskite orientation). This paper is a study of the deposition of PSZT thin films by RF magnetron sputtering and the effect of cooling rate, after deposition at temperatures between 500 degrees C and 700 degrees C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results are used to show how a cooling rate of 5 degrees C min(-1) increases the degree of perovskite orientation in sputtered films, when compared to a cooling rate of 15 degrees C min-1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analyses were used to determine the composition of the thin films. Results from deposition on silicon membranes and the position of diffraction peak patterns in XRD results are used to demonstrate low stress in the deposited films. Atomic force microscope imaging is used to show the crystalline nature of the PSZT thin films.
X‐ray structure of putative acyl‐ACP desaturase DesA2 from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv (2005)

Genome sequencing showed that two proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv contain the metal binding motif (D/E)X(2)HX(approximately 100)(D/E)X(2)H characteristic of the soluble diiron enzyme superfamily. These putative acyl-ACP desaturase genes desA1 and desA2 were cloned from genomic DNA and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). DesA1 was found to be insoluble, but in contrast, DesA2 was a soluble protein amenable to biophysical characterization. Here, we report the 2.0 A resolution X-ray structure of DesA2 determined by multiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) phasing from a Se-met derivative and refinement against diffraction data obtained on the native protein. The X-ray structure shows that DesA2 is a homodimeric protein with a four-helix bundle core flanked by five additional helices that overlay with 192 structurally equivalent amino acids in the structure of stearoyl-ACP Delta9 desaturase from castor plant with an rms difference 1.42 A. In the DesA2 crystals, one metal (likely Mn from the crystallization buffer) was bound in high occupancy at the B-site of the conserved metal binding motif, while the A-site was not occupied by a metal ion. Instead, the amino group of Lys-76 occupied this position. The relationships between DesA2 and known diiron enzymes are discussed.
Self-calibrating 3D-ultrasound-based bone registration for minimally invasive orthopedic surgery (2006)

Intraoperative freehand three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound (3D-US) has been proposed as a noninvasive method for registering bones to a preoperative computed tomography image or computer-generated bone model during computer-aided orthopedic surgery (CAOS). In this technique, an US probe is tracked by a 3-D position sensor and acts as a percutaneous device for localizing the bone surface. However, variations in the acoustic properties of soft tissue, such as the average speed of sound, can introduce significant errors in the bone depth estimated from US images, which limits registration accuracy. We describe a new self-calibrating approach to US-based bone registration that addresses this problem, and demonstrate its application within a standard registration scheme. Using realistic US image data acquired from 6 femurs and 3 pelves of intact human cadavers, and accurate Gold Standard registration transformations calculated using bone-implanted fiducial markers, we show that self-calibrating registration is significantly more accurate than a standard method, yielding an average root mean squared target registration error of 1.6 mm. We conclude that self-calibrating registration results in significant improvements in registration accuracy for CAOS applications over conventional approaches where calibration parameters of the 3D-US system remain fixed to values determined using a preoperative phantom-based calibration.