gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide studies of time of day in the brain: Design and analysis (2020)

Transcriptome profiling at different times of day is powerful for studying circadian regulation in model organisms and humans. To date, 24 h profiles from many tissue types suggest that about half of all genes are circadian-expressed somewhere in the body. However, few of these studies focused on the brain. Thus, despite known links between circadian disruption and neurological disease, we have virtually no mechanistic understanding. In the coming decade, we expect more genome-wide studies of time of day in different brain diseases, regions, and cell types. We expect just as many different approaches to the design and analysis of these studies. This review considers key principles of circadian tran scriptomics, with the goal of maximizing utility and reproducibility of future studies in the nervous system.
Synthesis-in-the-loop for video texture coding (2009)

In this paper, we present an algorithm using dynamic texture synthesis for closed-loop video coding. Video textures, or so-called dynamic textures are video sequences with moving texture showing some stationarity properties over time, like water surfaces, whirlwind, clouds, crowds, or even parts of head-and-shoulder scenes. By learning the temporal statistics of such content, we can in principle synthesize the corresponding areas in future frames of the video. In this paper we show that this synthesized image content can also be used for prediction in a closed-loop hybrid video coding system, where the encoder decides about usage of such synthesized content and possible transmission of a residual error signal. This is done in an adaptive and rate-distortion optimized way, such that higher compression performance can be achieved for both high and low bitrates. We show that local adaptation of the algorithm can lead to better compression performance and reduce the computation complexity considerably. If PSNR is used as the quality criterion, savings of up to 15 % in bitrate have been observed experimentally.
A Shared Memory model based on the Dataflow paradigm (2002)

In this paper a Shared Memory model designed to be efficiently implemented on a collection of autonomous processing elements is presented. The model is inspired by the Dataflow paradigm. The main features of the model are: the single assignment principle, multi-dimensional addressing scheme, and associative data access primitives. The single assignment principle limits the number of updates of a uniquely identified and atomic data object to one. In a multidimensional addressing the atomic data objects - pages are located in an n-dimensional address space. An associative data read primitive will succeed only when a specified set of memory pages becomes available. The model can be implemented on both tightly coupled shared memory MIMD machines, and distributed systems of heterogenous machines connected by a computer network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled drug delivery to the joints by enzymatically degradable microspheres (1994)

An intra-articular polymeric controlled release system was developed that is tailored to, and responsive to, the intensity of joint inflammation. Microspheres composed of the naturally occurring polyelectrolytes, gelatin and chondroitin sulfate, were synthesized by complex coacervation and the kinetics of release of encapsulated 14 C-catalase was evaluated in vitro in the presence of inflammatory and non-inflammatory human joint fluids. The relative activity of gelatinase, a metalloprotease enzyme, was quantified in each of the joint fluids. Rate of degradation of the microspheres, and consequent release of 14 C-catalase, was found to parallel the relative gelatinase activities in the joint fluids. Furthermore, various methods of crosslinking were found to affect the kinetics of microsphere degradation in the fluids. A catalase loading level of up to 28% was achieved, and the encapsulated catalase was found to retain up to 58 % of its biological activity.
Nodal volage simulation of active RC networks (1985)

It is shown that the floating nodes present in active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> networks can be eliminated by nodal voltage simulation, leading to new active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> networks. The new active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> networks thus generated can be easily used to realize stray-insensitive <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</tex> networks. Equivalence of certain active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> topologies, resulting from application of this method, is also demonstrated.
Efficacy of (S)‐1‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine for the treatment of lethal vaccinia virus infections in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice (1993)

Severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice inoculated intravenously with vaccinia virus (VV) became sick within 6-8 days and died 10-12 days after infection. Tail lesions developed and the number depended on the virus inoculum. Age-matched immunocompetent NMRI mice similarly infected also developed tail lesions but did not become sick. When the infected SCID mice were treated with the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate HPMPC [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine], either for 5 consecutive days starting on the day of infection or for 5 consecutive days starting on day 2, 4, or 6 post infection, or as a single dose at 7 days or 1 day before infection, VV-associated death was significantly delayed. VV-infected SCID mice that received two doses of 20 mg/kg of HPMPC every week survived the infection for about 130 days. The period during which the mice remained disease-free following HPMPC treatment correlated with the absence of detectable virus in their organs. The VV/SCID mouse model employed here may be useful for determining whether (attenuated) recombinant VV (carrying HIV genes) may have detrimental effects in the immunodeficient host. HPMPC may be considered as a drug candidate for the treatment and prophylaxis of such complications.
Utilizing Human Intelligence in a Crowdsourcing Marketplace for Big Data Processing (2013)

Crowd sourcing emerging as a distributed problem-solving model can dispatch tasks to a large number of human workers. The workers' human intelligence can be utilized to execute tasks which cannot be efficiently performed by computer-based systems. A crowd sourcing environment supports various data processing tasks, for example, data collection, data annotation, data validation, data classification, and natural language processing. In particular, the crowd sourcing environment can be applied for big data processing as well. In this paper, we propose Human-Intelligence-as-a-Service (HIaaS) which is a cloud computing service model utilizing human intelligence in a crowd sourcing marketplace to process big data. We also propose an optimization model based on stochastic programming for provisioning human workers in a HIaaS-based marketplace. Numerical studies are performed to evaluate the optimization model. A video rating system handling a big data set is an illustrative example analyzed in the studies. The results show that the model can efficiently reduce the cost to provision workers for processing a big data job.
Efficient Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-3-benzazepines by Intramolecular Heck Reaction (1993)

A new facile method for the synthesis of the pharmacologically interesting 3-benzazepine skeleton is described. The easily available iodinated benzene derivative 3 is alkylated with allyl halides 4a-c to afford compounds 5a-c. Pd-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization leads to 3-benzazepines 6, 7, and 8 in 75-92 % yield, with 7 and 8 being mixtures of isomers. Hydrogenation gives uniform 1-alkyl substituted compounds 9a-c, of which 9c is transformed into the derivatives 10, 11, and 12.
Reactions of 4-fluoren-9-ylidene-2-methylpent-2-ene and 2-fluoren-9-yl-2- methylpentan-4-one (1984)

The photochromic title hydrocarbon undergoes a photochemical 1,5-H shift to 4-fluoren-9-yl-2-methylpenta-1,3-diene and photocyclisation to red 3,3a-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylfluoranthene; the latter undergoes a thermal 1,9-H shift in toluene and a photochemical 1,7-H shift in ethanol. The title ketone (17) cyclises in the presence of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid to yield 1,10b-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethylfluoranthene which, on catalytic hydrogenation, yields the same tetrahydrofluoranthene derivative as is obtained when 2-fluoren-9-yl-2-methylpentan-4-ol (20) is cyclised with sulphuric acid. On treatment with PCl5, the ketone (17) yields 4-chloro-2-fluoren-9-yl-2-methylpent-4-ene, which reacts with sodium in xylene to give trans-2-fluoren-9-yl-2-methylpent-3-ene, obtained also when the alcohol (20) is heated at 180 °C with KHSO4.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Helix-Forming β-Peptides:  <i>trans</i>-2-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid Oligomers (1999)

Synthetic protocols and circular dichroism (CD) spectra are reported for a series of oligomers of (R,R)-trans-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (trans-ACPC). The two longest oligomers, a hexamer and an octamer, have also been examined crystallographically. Both crystal structures show that the β-peptide backbone adopts a regular helix that is defined by a series of interwoven 12-membered ring hydrogen bonds ("12-helix"). Each hydrogen bond links a carbonyl oxygen to an amide proton three residues toward the C-terminus. CD data suggest that the conformational preference of trans-ACPC oligomers in methanol is strongly length-dependent, which implies that 12-helix formation is a cooperative process, as seen for the α-helix formed by conventional peptides. Previous work has established that oligomers and polymers of β-amino acids can adopt helical conformations, but the 12-helix is an unprecedented β-peptide secondary structure.
Salvage Radioimmunotherapy With Murine Iodine-131–Labeled Antitenascin Monoclonal Antibody 81C6 for Patients With Recurrent Primary and Metastatic Malignant Brain Tumors: Phase II Study Results (2005)

In this single-institution phase II study, administration of 100 mCi of 131I-m81C6 to recurrent malignant glioma patients followed by chemotherapy is associated with a median survival that is greater than that of historical controls treated with surgery plus iodine-125 brachytherapy. Furthermore, toxicity was acceptable. Administration of a fixed millicurie dose resulted in a wide range of absorbed radiation doses to the SCRC. We are now conducting a phase II trial, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, using patient-specific 131I-m81C6 dosing, to deliver 44 Gy to the SCRC followed by standardized chemotherapy. A phase III multicenter trial with patient-specific dosing is planned.
A Brain-Computer Interface Based on Bilateral Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (2011)

In this study, we investigate the feasibility of a BCI based on transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), a medical imaging technique used to monitor cerebral blood flow velocity. We classified the cerebral blood flow velocity changes associated with two mental tasks -a word generation task, and a mental rotation task. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured simultaneously within the left and right middle cerebral arteries while nine able-bodied adults alternated between mental activity (i.e. word generation or mental rotation) and relaxation. Using linear discriminant analysis and a set of time-domain features, word generation and mental rotation were classified with respective average accuracies of 82.9%+10.5 and 85.7%+10.0 across all participants. Accuracies for all participants significantly exceeded chance. These results indicate that TCD is a promising measurement modality for BCI research.
Challenges for Biomarker Discovery in Body Fluids Using SELDI-TOF-MS (2009)

Protein profiling using SELDI-TOF-MS has gained over the past few years an increasing interest in the field of biomarker discovery. The technology presents great potential if some parameters, such as sample handling, SELDI settings, and data analysis, are strictly controlled. Practical considerations to set up a robust and sensitive strategy for biomarker discovery are presented. This paper also reviews biological fluids generally available including a description of their peculiar properties and the preanalytical challenges inherent to sample collection and storage. Finally, some new insights for biomarker identification and validation challenges are provided.
Electrically Tunable Valley-Light Emitting Diode (vLED) Based on CVD-Grown Monolayer WS<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Owing to direct band gap and strong spin-orbit coupling, monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit rich new physics and great applicable potentials. The remarkable valley contrast and light emission promise such two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors a bright future of valleytronics and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Though the electroluminescence (EL) has been observed in mechanically exfoliated small flakes of TMDs, considering real applications, a strategy that could offer mass-product and high compatibility is greatly demanded. Large-area and high-quality samples prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are perfect candidates toward such goal. Here, we report the first demonstration of electrically tunable chiral EL from CVD-grown monolayer WS2 by constructing a p-i-n heterojunction. The chirality contrast of the overall EL reaches as high as 81% and can be effectively modulated by forward current. The success of fabricating valley LEDs based on CVD WS2 opens up many opportunities for developing large-scale production of unconventional 2D optoelectronic devices.
Bioactive natural compounds for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders (2003)

Many healthy subjects and patients are taking natural bioactive products for the prevention and treatment of multiple conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders. Based on current evidence, the scientific validity of the use of many of these commercial compounds by the general public is severely limited, with quality control and regulatory issues continuing to be a concern. Nevertheless, there is sufficient preliminary data to warrant further research of these products in order to identify novel compounds for potential clinical use in addition to performing formal randomized controlled clinical trials of the commercial preparations.
The effect of line roughness on DUV scatterometry (2013)

The impact of line-edge (LER) and line-width roughness (LWR) on the measured diffraction patters in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometry has been investigated in recent publications. Two-dimensional rigorous numerical simulations were carried out to model roughness. Simple analytical expressions for the bias in the mean efficiencies stemming from LER and LWR were obtained. Applying a similar approach for DUV scatterometry to investigate the impact of line roughness we obtain comparable results.
Reduction of blood pressure with calcium supplementation in young adults (1983)

Epidemiologic and animal studies have suggested an inverse relationship between calcium intake and BP. Furthermore, calcium intake seems to be inversely correlated with the incidence of eclampsia in pregnancy. In a randomized clinical trial, young adults were allocated to a calcium-supplemented group receiving 1 g/day of elemental calcium (15 men and 15 women) or a placebo group (14 women and 13 men) for a period of 22 weeks. The calcium-supplemented group showed a significant decrease in diastolic BP; this effect was stabilized after nine weeks in women and six weeks in men. The reduction in diastolic BP was 5.6% and 9% from the initial values for women and men, respectively. This study supports epidemiologic and animal evidence of the effect of calcium intake on BP and suggests the need for more research exploring the mechanisms involved in the observed effect. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1161-1165)
Prokaryotic phylogenetic diversity and corresponding geochemical data of the brine–seawater interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea (2002)

The interface between the hypersaline brine and the overlying sea-water (brine-seawater interface) of the Shaban Deep, northern Red Sea was investigated for the presence of microorganisms using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Samples of the south and east basin (depth: 1331 m and 1332 m respectively) were selected to ascertain the microbial diversity of this extreme and, so far, unexplored environment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed novel lineages within the Bacteria, the Crenarchaeota and the Euryarchaeota. Novel representatives of the KB1 sequence group (Eder et al., 1999 Arch Microbiol 172: 213-218) were detected indicating a widespread distribution of the corresponding Bacteria in Deep Sea brine pools. Our results contribute to the understanding of the hitherto unknown microbial diversity at the chemical gradient of the Shaban Deep, and suggest the presence of novel Bacteria and Archaea thriving under extreme environmental conditions.
A Novel Sulfonated Aromatic Polymer Membrane with Different Pendant Groups for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) (2018)

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have received extensive attention due to its attractive features for the large-scale energy storage because of their design flexibility, high energy efficiency, absence of intercalation/deintercalation and stress build-up in electrodes, and safe operation. One of the most critical components in VRFB is an ion exchange membrane (IEM) which can prevent cross mixing of the multivalence vanadium ions, while it still allows the transport of protons (or anions) to complete the circuit. However, the trade-off relationship of proton exchange membrane (PEM) limits the energy efficiency (EE) of the VRFB due to low coulombic efficiency (CE) caused by vanadium ion cross over through the membrane or high membrane resistances. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) suffers from poor chemical stability and low voltage efficiency due to low ion conductivity. In this study, we synthesized a series of novel sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes having high proton conductivity as well as proton selectivity. Vanadium/hydronium ion permeability, proton conductivity, area resistance, and ion exchange capacities of the membranes were measured. The single cell VRFB performance with the prepared membranes was evaluated and compared with the one using a commercial Nafion 212 membrane. The effect of the pendent group structure on the membrane ion selectivity and battery performance was also discussed. It was found that the incorporation of aromatic structures on the pendent groups effectively improved the ion selectivity of membranes which can overcome the limitations of the trade-off relationship between the proton conductivity and selectivity. The membrane with aromatic pendent groups (BP-Ar-SH) shows 7 times higher vanadium/proton ion selectivity than that without aromatic groups (BP-SH) (5.18 vs. 0.75) and 3 times higher than Nafion 212 (5.18 vs. 1.78). As a result, the VRB single cell equipped with the BP-AR-SH membrane shows significantly better performance in comparison to the cell with Nafion membranes, as high as 90.05% EE ( vs. 73% EE of Nafion) at 20 mA/cm 2 . The cycle stability test shows that efficiencies of the membrane remain almost unchanged after running more than 50 cycles. Our results strongly suggest that the BP-Ar-SH membrane may provide a breakthrough toward the development of high-efficiency VRFB systems.
Small-Angle X-Ray Studies of the Human Immunoglobulin Molecule Kol (1977)

The conformation of the human immunoglobulin molecul Kol [IgG I, kappa2 gamma2, Gm(f)+] was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering in 0.15 M NaCl solution. The radius of gyration was found to be 5.84 +/- 0.04 nm, the volume 329 +/- 15 nm3 and the molecular weight 150 000 +/- 10 000. Information on the overall shape was obtained by comparing the experimental scattering curve with the calculated curves for various models. The models were obtained by arranging the models found for the Fab and Fc fragments of the same immunoglobulin molecule in a different manner. A model which fits all the date and the form of the experimental scattering curve is presented.
Thin-film processing and optical properties of conjugated rigid-rod polyquinolines for nonlinear optical applications (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThin-film processing and optical properties of conjugated rigid-rod polyquinolines for nonlinear optical applicationsAshwini K. Agrawal and Samson A. JenekheCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1, 95–104Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00019a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00019a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Response of an All Digital Phase-Locked Loop (1974)

An all digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is designed, analyzed, and tested. Three specific configurations are considered, generating first, second, and third order DPLL's; and it is found, using a computer simulation of a noise spike, and verified experimentally, that of these configurations the second-order system is optimum from the standpoint of threshold extension. This substantiates results obtained for analog PLL's.
CT doses in cylindrical phantoms (1995)

A single CT scan of thickness T in a cylindrical phantom produces a three-dimensional dose distribution, which depends primarily on the photon energy spectrum, the x-ray beam shaping filter and the size and composition of the irradiated phantom. Monte Carlo simulations employing monoenergetic photons were employed to investigate the effect of each of these factors on phantom dose distributions. The fractional energies scattered, imparted and transmitted through the CT phantom were calculated. A dose index (D(r)), which is a function of phantom radius r, was computed. Phantom materials investigated included lung, fat, water, soft tissue, acrylic and bone with calculations performed for head (160 mm diameter) and body (320 mm diameter) phantoms. All dose and energy imparted data generated for CT phantoms were normalized using an 'in air' dose (Dair), which is defined as the axial dose (in acrylic) at the isocentre in the absence of any phantom. Results obtained show how CT parameters impact on doses in cylindrical phantoms. These dosimetry data are likely to be useful to estimate energy imparted to phantoms (and patients) undergoing CT examinations.