gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical and Physical Properties of Some Calcium Aluminate Glasses (1958)

Calcium aluminate glasses containing alkali oxides and iron oxide will transmit infrared radiation to about 6 μ and still have satisfactory working properties. Their refractive index, density, expansion, Young's modulus, modulus of rupture, fracture velocity, Knoop hardness, and some electrical and chemical properties are evaluated.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Salmonella typhimurium in food: feasibility of 1-day Salmonella detection (1990)

A microtitration plate, antibody-capture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhimurium. The assay utilizes a monoclonal detector antibody which shows no cross-reactions with non-Salmonella species and only a slight cross-reaction with one other Salmonella serotype. By using only one cultural stage (in a nonselective, chemically defined medium) prior to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, low numbers of cells in food (10 cells 25 g-1) were detected in 19 h. Non-Salmonella competing organisms did not interfere with detection of S. typhimurium even when present in the ratio of 10(6):1 (non-Salmonella/Salmonella spp.). The assay shows the feasibility of rapid, 1-day testing for Salmonella spp. with antibody technology.
Interactive Thresholding of Central Acuity under Contrast and Luminance Conditions Mimicking Real World Environments: 1. Evaluation against LogMAR Charts (2015)

The Central Vision Analyzer (CVA) is an interactive, automated computer device that rapidly thresholds central acuity under conditions mimicking customary photopic and mesopic activities. In sequence, the CVA may test up to 6 environments, and in this series was used to test 3 mesopic environments (98% and 50% MC against 1.6 cd/m 2 background, 25% MC against 5 cd/m 2 ), then 3 glare environments (98%, 10% and 8% MC, against 200 cd/m 2 background). This report compares the CVA thresholded acuity with that measured utilizing standard letter acuity charts.
Delivering MHP applications into a real DVB-T network, OtaDigi (2004)

OtaDigi is a DVB-T broadcast experiment run by the Helsinki University of Technology and other partners. This paper studies the behaviour of MHP applications, delivered through OtaDigi, using different broadcast configurations. The results show how under optimised configurations, broadcasters can use their bandwidth more efficiently and users can download the applications faster.
Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems (2002)

We present a model checking procedure and its implementation for the automatic verification of embedded systems. Systems are represented by hybrid automata - machines with finite control and real-valued variables modeling continuous environment parameters such as time, pressure, and temperature. System properties are specified in a real-time temporal logic and verified by symbolic computation. The verification procedure, implemented in Mathematica, is used to prove digital controllers and distributed algorithms correct. The verifier checks safety, liveness, time-bounded, and duration properties of hybrid automata.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theoretical Characteristics of Generalized Electret Generator, Using POlymer Film Electrets (1986)

A generalized electret generator using polymer film electrets is proposed. The rotor of the generator consists of a conducting disk and several fan-shaped pieces of two types of film electret, attached to the conducting disk with alternate polarity. The stator consists of a conducting disk with holes that have the same fan-shape as the electret. The generator has a slip ring and a brush. The generator becomes non-parametric when the two types of electret of the rotor have the same permittivity and thickness, and parametric when the two electrets differ. The fundamental characteristics of the generators are very similar, and the output voltage, current, and power of the non-parametric generator are larger than those of the parametric generator under the same conditions. The output voltages and currents of both generators are proportional to a linear combination of the surface charge densities of the two electrets. The output power is proportional to the second power of the above linear combination.
Ultra-violet microspectrography of living tissue culture cells. Part II. Microspectrographic studies of living cells and ultraviolet-irradiated chick fibroblasts (1950)

P. M. B. Walker and H. G. Davies, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1950, 9, 461 DOI: 10.1039/DF9500900461
Elastomeric diffraction gratings as photothermal detectors (1996)

A photothermal detector consisting of a relief grating on the surface of an elastomer was fabricated and characterized. The detector has a sensitivity of the order of microwatts per square millimeter and has rise and fall times of the order of tens of seconds. Numerical and analytical modeling account for the behavior of the detector.
High-speed, high-reliability circuit design for megabit DRAM (1991)

Circuit techniques for improving the speed and reliability of submicrometer geometry CMOS DRAMs are described. Double-bootstrap voltages are eliminated with an internal voltage supply and a unique word-line driver, reducing stress on short-channel devices. A row and column redundancy technique equivalent to physical disconnect of word lines and bit lines solves leakage problems. Speed enhancements are achieved through bit-line isolation for accelerated column access, a high-speed SRAM-style data path, and by tailoring sensing currents within the limitations of package inductance. The design of a fast 1-Mb DRAM employing these circuits is outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoscaling Web Applications in Heterogeneous Cloud Infrastructures (2014)

Improving resource provisioning of heterogeneous cloud infrastructures is an important research challenge. The wide diversity of cloud-based applications and customers with different QoS requirements have recently exhibited the weaknesses of current provisioning systems. Today's cloud infrastructures provide provisioning systems that dynamically adapt the computational power of applications by adding or releasing resources. Unfortunately, these scaling systems are fairly limited:(i) They restrict themselves to a single type of resource, (ii)they are unable to fulfill QoS requirements in face of spiky workload, and (iii) they offer the same QoS level to all their customers, independent of customer preferences such as different levels of service availability and performance. In this paper, we present an autoscaling system that overcomes these limitations by exploiting heterogeneous types of resources, and by defining multiple levels of QoS requirements. The proposed system selects a resource scaling plan according to both workload and customer requirements. Our experiments conducted on both public and private infrastructures show significant reductions in QoS-level violations when faced with highly variable workloads.
St. Augustine on Signs (1957)

M ANY of the topics of Augustinian theology and philosophy in which the notion of 'signs' is central have received a good deal of attention. This is true, above all, of Augustine's sacramental theology. His definition of sacramentum in terms of signum became classical. His definition of signum is rarely mentioned by later writers except in the context of sacramental theology; nevertheless, the notion plays an important part in other contexts. Chief among these is Augustine's discussion of the meanings of Scripture 2, but the concept enters into such diverse fields of his interests as his theory of language, his discussion of miracles, of the relation of the world to God, and of man's way of acquiring knowledge, not least knowledge of himself. Notwithstanding the focal interest of the notions of sign and of meaning in Augustine's thought, they have, so far as I know, not received treatment as such. This essay is, therefore, an attempt to disentangle what Augustine thought about signs, in particular, about words, and meaning. At the risk of ascribing to him preoccupations which he would scarcely have recognisedl, no attempt is made here to (leal with any of the applications made by Augustine of the notion. A survey of the relevant background of discussion, here as in general 3, serves to throw into relief the originality of Augustine's contribution. From Aristotle onwards, the theme of 'signs' recurs regularly in Greek philosophy; indeed, Philodemus in his de Signis and Sextus Empiricus suggest that the question of signs was one of the focal points of the StoicEpicurean debate.4 The broad terms of reference for the debate had
Intense granulomatous inflammatory lesions associated with absorbable internal fixation devices made of polyglycolide in ankle fractures. (1992)

Since absorbable internal fracture fixation devices made of polyglycolide have been increasingly used clinically, a peculiar type of complication has emerged. After an initially uneventful course, a local nonbacterial inflammatory reaction appears two to four months after the operation, resulting in a copiously discharging sinus on the skin. A series of 286 patients with unimalleolar or bimalleolar fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using cylindrical rods made of polyglycolide. Among these there occurred 18 nonbacterial inflammatory tissue responses (6.3% of the total) requiring surgical drainage. Six patients had an intense reaction necessitating repeated surgical measures and inpatient management. The hospital stay of these patients averaged 18 days. The mean duration of the discharge from the lesions was 10.8 weeks. Microscopic examination of biopsy specimens showed a nonspecific foreign-body reaction composed mainly of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes and foreign-body giant cells phagocytizing the polymer debris left behind by the decomposing implants. On roentgenograms, osteolytic increase of the diameter of the implant channels was observed, but the bony union of the fracture seemed not to be disturbed. Thus the factors increasing the susceptibility of some individuals to this complication remain unknown.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Genes Related to Betalain Biosynthesis in Pulp Coloration of Hylocereus polyrhizus (2016)

Betalains have high nutritional value and bioactivities. Red pulp pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is the only fruit containing abundant betalains for consumer. However, no information is available about genes involved in betalain biosynthesis in H. polyrhizus. Herein, two cDNA libraries of pitaya pulps with two different coloration stages (white and red pulp stages) of Guanhuahong (H. polyrhizus) were constructed. A total of about 12 Gb raw RNA-Seq data was generated and was de novo assembled into 122,677 transcripts with an average length of 1183 bp and an N50 value of 2008. Approximately 99.99% of all transcripts were annotated based on seven public databases. A total of 8871 transcripts were significantly regulated. Thirty-three candidate transcripts related to betalain biosynthesis were obtained from the transcriptome data. Transcripts encoding enzymes involved in betalain biosynthesis were analyzed using RT-qPCR at the whole pulp coloration stages of H. polyrhizus (7-1) and H. undatus (132-4). Nine key transcripts of betalain biosynthesis were identified. They were assigned to four kinds of genes in betalain biosynthetic pathway, including tyrosinase, 4, 5-DOPA dioxygenase extradiol, cytochrome P450 and glucosyltransferase. Ultimately, a preliminary betalain biosynthetic pathway for pitaya was proposed based on betalain analyses, gene expression profiles and published documents.
A Pedigree With a Novel Presenilin 1 Mutation at a Residue That Is Not Conserved in Presenilin 2 (1999)

These results demonstrate that a missense mutation in a region not conserved between PS1 and PS2 can cause Alzheimer disease.
Tattoo based identification: Sketch to image matching (2013)

Tattoos on human body provide important clue to the identity of a suspect. While a tattoo is not an unique identifier, it narrows down the list of identities for the suspect. For these reasons, law enforcement agencies have been collecting tattoo images of the suspects at the time of booking. A few successful attempts have been made to design an automatic system to search a tattoo database to identify near-duplicate images of a query tattoo image. However, in many scenarios, the surveillance image of the crime scene is not available, so the query is in the form of a sketch of a tattoo (as opposed to an image of a tattoo) drawn based on the description provided by an eye-witness. In this paper, we extend the capability of tattoo image-to-image matching by proposing a method to match tattoo sketches to tattoo images using local invariant features. Specifically, tattoo shape is first extracted from both tattoo sketch and tattoo image using Canny edge detector. Local patterns are then extracted from tattoo shape as well as tattoo image (appearance) using SIFT A local feature based sparse representation classification scheme is then used for matching. Experimental results on matching 100 tattoo sketches against a gallery set with 10,100 tattoo images show that the proposed method achieves significant improvement (rank-200 accuracy of 57%) compared to a state-of-the-art tattoo image-to-image matching system (rank-200 accuracy of 19%).
Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops improvement (2016)

The advancements made in tissue culture techniques has made it possible to regenerate various horticultural species in vitro as micropropagation protocols for commercial scale multiplication are available for a wide range of crops. Clonal propagation and preservation of elite genotypes, selected for their superior characteristics, require high degree of genetic uniformity amongst the regenerated plants. However, plant tissue culture may generate genetic variability, i.e., somaclonal variations as a result of gene mutation or changes in epigenetic marks. The occurrence of subtle somaclonal variation is a drawback for both in vitro cloning as well as germplasm preservation. Therefore, it is of immense significance to assure the genetic uniformity of in vitro raised plants at an early stage. Several strategies have been followed to ascertain the genetic fidelity of the in vitro raised progenies comprising morpho-physiological, biochemical, cytological and DNA-based molecular markers approaches. Somaclonal variation can pose a serious problem in any micropropagation program, where it is highly desirable to produce true-to-type plant material. On the other hand, somaclonal variation has provided a new and alternative tool to the breeders for obtaining genetic variability relatively rapidly and without sophisticated technology in horticultural crops, which are either difficult to breed or have narrow genetic base. In the present paper, sources of variations induced during tissue culture cycle and strategies to ascertain and confirm genetic fidelity in a variety of in vitro raised plantlets and potential application of variants in horticultural crop improvement are reviewed.
Look who's saving (1995)

A recent survey reveals some surprising results about who is saving and what assets they hold.
Human Serum Antibodies to a Major Defined Epitope of Human Herpesvirus 8 Small Viral Capsid Antigen (1999)

The major antibody-reactive epitope of the small viral capsid antigen (sVCA) of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was defined by use of overlapping peptides. Strong IgG reactivity was found among approximately 50% of 44 human immunodeficiency virus-positive or -negative patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and 13 subjects who were seropositive by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the latent HHV-8 nuclear antigen. Only 1 of 106 subjects seronegative for both lytic and latent HHV-8 antigens and 10 of 81 subjects IFA-seropositive only for the lytic HHV-8 antigen had strong IgG reactivity to this epitope. Among 534 healthy Swedish women, only 1.3% were strongly seropositive. Comparison of the peptide-based and purified sVCA protein-based ELISAs found 55% sensitivity and 98% specificity. However, only 1 of 452 serum samples from healthy women was positive in both tests. In conclusion, the defined sVCA epitope was a specific, but not very sensitive, serologic marker of active HHV-8 infection. Such infection appears to be rare among Swedish women, even with sexual risk-taking behavior.
Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells (2016)

The integrity of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is critical to prevent brain injury. Cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells are one of the cell types that comprise the BBB; these cells have a very high-energy demand, which requires optimal mitochondrial function. In the case of disease or injury, the mitochondrial function in these cells can be altered, resulting in disease or the opening of the BBB. In this manuscript, we introduce a method to measure mitochondrial function in CVE cells by using whole, intact cells and a bioanalyzer. A mito-stress assay is used to challenge the cells that have been perturbed, either physically or chemically, and evaluate their bioenergetic function. Additionally, this method also provides a useful way to screen new therapeutics that have direct effects on mitochondrial function. We have optimized the cell density necessary to yield oxygen consumption rates that allow for the calculation of a variety of mitochondrial parameters, including ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare capacity. We also show the sensitivity of the assay by demonstrating that the introduction of the microRNA, miR-34a, leads to a pronounced and detectable decrease in mitochondrial activity. While the data shown in this paper is optimized for the bEnd.3 cell line, we have also optimized the protocol for primary CVE cells, further suggesting the utility in preclinical and clinical models.
REVISION OF THE DIOECIOUS AMARANTHS (1955)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Autonomic performance and power control for co-located Web applications on virtualized servers (2013)

In a data center, various components of Web applications co-located on virtualized servers exhibit complex time-varying interactions and interference. It has a significant impact on the user perceived performance and power consumption of the underlying system. We propose and develop APPLEware, an autonomic middleware for joint performance and power control of co-located Web applications. It features a distributed control structure that provides performance assurance and energy efficiency for large complex systems. It applies machine learning based self-adaptive modeling to capture the complex and time-varying relationship between the application performance and allocation of resources to various application components, in the presence of highly dynamic and bursty workloads and inter-application performance interference. The distributed controllers perform coordinated resource allocation to meet the service level agreements of applications in an agile and energy-efficient manner. Experimental results based on a testbed implementation with benchmark applications demonstrate APPLEware's effectiveness and energy efficiency.
Endometriosis and Oocyte Quality (2002)

Endometriosis is associated with marked subfertility and various causes for this subfertility have been previously studied. The poor quality of oocytes has been suggested as one possible cause. In this study, we evaluated the quality of oocytes by examining the status of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte. For this purpose, we analysed the incidence of apoptosis, changes in cell cycle, and oxidative stress in the granulosa cells. Endometriosis patients had a higher apoptotic incidence, more alterations of the cell cycle, and a higher incidence of oxidative stress than patients with any of the other infertility causes (tube, male, and idiopathic factors). These changes might affect oocyte quality, and thus fertility in endometriosis patients.
Clostridium difficile Colitis (2002)

The frequency of C difficile colitis remains high and seems to be associated with increasing mortality. Among patients with positive C difficile toxin assay results, immunocompromise and delayed diagnosis no longer seem to be associated with higher risk for death. All patients taking antibiotics are at risk and require early recognition and aggressive medical intervention.
Differential Signaling of Insulin and IGF-1 Receptors to Glycogen Synthesis in Murine Hepatocytes (1999)

We have used SV40-transformed hepatocytes from insulin receptor-deficient mice (-/-) and normal mice (WT) to investigate the different abilities of insulin and IGF-1 receptors to stimulate glycogen synthesis. We report that insulin receptors are more potent than IGF-1 receptors in stimulating glycogen synthesis. Both receptors stimulate glycogen synthesis in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner, but only the effect of insulin receptors is partially rapamycin-dependent. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors activate Akt to a similar extent, whereas GSK-3 inactivation in response to IGF-1 is considerably lower in both -/- and WT cells, compared to the effect of insulin in WT cells. The findings indicate that (i) the potency of insulin and IGF-1 receptors in stimulating glycogen synthesis correlates with their ability to inactivate GSK-3, (ii) the extent of GSK-3 inactivation does not correlate with the extent of Akt activation mediated by insulin or IGF-1 receptors, indicating that the effect of insulin on GSK-3 requires additional kinases, and (iii) the pathways required for insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis in mouse hepatocytes are PI 3-kinase-dependent and rapamycin-sensitive.
The mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of polyfluoroarenes (1967)

J. M. Birchall, M. Green, R. N. Haszeldine and A. D. Pitts, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 338 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000338
A Legionella pneumophila gene that promotes hemin binding (1996)

The ability to bind and utilize hemin is a trait common to many human pathogens. Nevertheless, the relationship between Legionella pneumophila, the agent of Legionnaires' disease, and hemin has received little attention. Thus, we explored the capacity of a virulent, serogroup 1 strain of L. pneumophila to bind hemin and use it as an iron source. Hemin, but not protoporphyrin IX, restored bacterial growth in iron-limiting media, indicating that it can serve as an iron source for L. pneumophila. In support of this idea, we observed that wildtype legionellae were able to bind 50 to 60% of added hemin, a binding capacity that was comparable to those of other pathogens. To begin to identify proteins involved in hemin acquisition, we identified a Legionella locus that conferred hemin binding upon Escherichia coli. Subcloning and nucleotide sequence analysis determined that a single open reading frame, which was designated hbp for hemin-binding promotion, was responsible for this binding activity. The hbp gene was predicted to encode a secreted, 15.5-kDa protein. To ascertain the importance of this gene in L. pneumophila biology, we used allelic exchange to construct an hbp mutant. Importantly, the mutant displayed a 42% reduction in hemin binding, confirming that hbp potentiates hemin acquisition by L. pneumophila. However, the strain was unaltered in its ability to grow within macrophage-like cells and freshwater amoebae, indicating that hbp is not required for intracellular infection. Despite this, Southern hybridization analysis and database searches demonstrated that hbp is nearly exclusive to the L. pneumophila species.