gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential for Cytokine Antagonists: Thalidomide and Pentoxifylline in Hansen’s Disease (1994)

Cytokine antagonists are a group of drugs defined by their actions on specific cytokines. Cytokine antagonists can inhibit action of cytokines by acting directly on receptors, by affecting production of cytokines or by binding to cytokines and preventing their subsequent action. Recent evidence suggests that Hansen's disease, which is characterized by reactional states, is associated with elevated serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) and interleukin-1β during these reactional states. Thalidomide, a drug used to treat reactional states in Hansen's disease, has been reported to enhance degradation of tnf-α mrna. Pentoxifylline has also been reported to alter tnf-α mrna levels by inhibiting tnf-a transcription. Combination of these two drugs as cytokine antagonists may prove to be beneficial as therapeutic agents in the treatment of reactional states in Hansen's disease. Pentoxifylline may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of reactional states in Hansen's disease patients who are female and of childbearing age. Cytokine antagonists alone or in combination will likely fill a niche in future therapeutics.
Prevention of tamsulosin-associated IFIS with intracameral phenylephrine 1.5% in 250 eyes (2011)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intracameral phenylephrine 1.5% as prophylaxis
against tamsulosin-associated intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS).
METHODS: This prospective consecutive multicenter case series comprised 250 eyes
from 210 patients receiving tamsulosin who underwent cataract surgery between May
2007 and October 2009 at three surgical sites (Complejo Hospitalario Orense, Lorente
Clinica Oftalmologica, and Hospital de Verin. Orense. Spain) by four experienced surgeons.
Routine topical mydriatics (tropicamide 1% and phenylephrine 10%) were instilled
before surgery. After paracentesis, 0.6 cc of nonpreserved bisulfite-free phenylephrine 1.5%
was injected into the anterior chamber. Standard phacoemulsification fluidic parameters
and ophthalmic viscosurgical device preferences remained unchanged. Intraoperative iris
billowing or prolapse and progressive miosis were assessed.
RESULTS: There were no clinical manifestations of IFIS. No eye required placement of
iris hooks or any additional maneuvers. Surgery was uneventful in all cases and no adverse
events were detected.
CONCLUSIONS: The absence of IFIS manifestations and adverse events in this large
series of patients on tamsulosin strongly suggests that the single and simple measure of
using intracameral phenylephrine 1.5% provides effective and total prophylaxis against
IFIS.
[Strategy for surgical treatment for small peripheral carcinoma of the lung especially on systemic nodal dissection]. (2004)

The diagnosis of small-sized (< or = 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased with the development of computed tomography (CT), whereas unexpected extensive mediastinal involvement has been occasionally detected in such a small-sized lung cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features to determinate the predictors for lymph node involvement in patients with a small-sized adenocarcinoma. One hundred and eighty one patients who underwent pulmonary resection and systematic nodal dissection for a peripheral small-sized adeno-carcinoma were reviewed. Of these, 24 patients (13.3%) had lymph node involvement. These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the existence of lymph node involvement, and the predictors for lymph node involvement were determined using univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Univariate analysis revealed GGOR (ground glass opacity area/tumor area at the level of the greatest dimension of the lesion on chest computer tomography) > or = 25% (p = 0.0137) and pleural lavage fluid involvement (p = 0.0467) as predictors for lymph node involvement. No patients had lymph node involvement if their GGOR was higher than 50%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed GGOR > or = 25% (p = 0.0274), pleural tags on the lesion on chest CT (p = 0.0138) and pleural lavage fluid involvement (p = 0.0415) as predictors. We recommend performing systemic nodal dissection even if small peripheral adeno-carcinoma's maximal diameter is 20 mm or less. Systemic nodal dissection is unnecessary if the patients' GGOR > or = 50% or they do not have pleural tags or pleural lavage fluid involvement.
Saccharide-Functionalized Alkanethiols for Fouling-Resistant Self-Assembled Monolayers: Synthesis, Monolayer Properties, and Antifouling Behavior (2011)

We describe the synthesis of a series of mono-, di-, and trisaccharide-functionalized alkanethiols as well as the formation of fouling-resistant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) from these. The SAMs were characterized using ellipsometry, wetting measurements, and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). We show that the structure of the carbohydrate moiety affects the packing density and that this also alters the alkane chain organization. Upon increasing the size of the sugar moieties (from mono- to di- and trisaccharides), the structural qualities of the monolayers deteriorated with increasing disorder, and for the trisaccharide, slow reorganization dynamics in response to changes in the environmental polarity were observed. The antifouling properties of these SAMs were investigated through protein adsorption experiments from buffer solutions as well as settlement (attachment) tests using two common marine fouling species, zoospores of the green macroalga Ulva linza and cypris larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. The SAMs showed overall good resistance to fouling by both the proteins and the tested marine organisms. To improve the packing density of the SAMs with bulky headgroups, we employed mixed SAMs where the saccharide-thiols are diluted with a filler molecule having a small 2-hydroxyethyl headgroup. This method also provides a means by which the steric availability of sugar moieties can be varied, which is of interest for specific interaction studies with surface-bound sugars. The results of the surface dilution study and the low nonspecific adsorption onto the SAMs both indicate the feasibility of this approach.
The paragon performance monitoring environment (1993)

Parallel systems present a special challenge to debugging and performance analysis given the massive amounts of data and physically distributed state of the application. The authors describe an integrated toolset that provides an extensible and consistent programming environment for monitoring and visualizing the performance of parallel applications. It uses a scalable distributed monitoring system to gather performance data that drive profiling and graphical performance visualization tools. Performance data are analyzed by both application and system oriented performance tools which are tied together by a common graphical interface.
Thermodynamics of Selected Chemical Systems Potentially Applicable to Plasma Jet Synthesis (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of Selected Chemical Systems Potentially Applicable to Plasma Jet SynthesisC. W. Marynowski, R. C. Phillips, J. R. Phillips, and N. K. HiesterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1962, 1, 1, 52–61Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160001a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i160001a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Serum manganese superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin are potential prognostic markers for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Serum MnSOD and TRX levels are potential clinical biomarkers that predict patient prognosis in HCV-related HCC.
Role of Noninvasive Testing in the Clinical Evaluation of Women With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease (2005)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for women in the United States. Coronary heart disease, which includes coronary atherosclerotic disease, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes, and angina, is the largest subset of this mortality, with >240,000 women dying annually from the disease. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the focus of this consensus statement. Research continues to report underrecognition and underdiagnosis of CAD as contributory to high mortality rates in women. Timely and accurate diagnosis can significantly reduce CAD mortality for women; indeed, once the diagnosis is made, it does appear that current treatments are equally effective at reducing risk in both women and men. As such, noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic testing offers the potential to identify women at increased CAD risk as the basis for instituting preventive and therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, the recent evidence-based practice program report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality noted the paucity of women enrolled in diagnostic research studies. Consequently, much of the evidence supporting contemporary recommendations for noninvasive diagnostic studies in women is extrapolated from studies conducted predominantly in cohorts of middle-aged men. The majority of diagnostic and prognostic evidence in cardiac imaging in women and men has been derived from observational registries and referral populations that are affected by selection and other biases. Thus, a better understanding of the potential impact of sex differences on noninvasive cardiac testing in women may greatly improve clinical decision making. This consensus statement provides a synopsis of available evidence on the role of the exercise ECG and cardiac imaging modalities, both those in common use as well as developing technologies that may add clinical value to the diagnosis and risk assessment of the symptomatic and asymptomatic woman with suspected CAD.
Peroxynitrite-Dependent Tryptophan Nitration (1996)

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the reaction product of superoxide (O2.-) and nitric oxide (.NO), nitrates tyrosine and other phenolics. We report herein that tryptophan is also nitrated by peroxynitrite in the absence of transition metals to one predominant isomer of nitrotryptophan, as determined from spectral characteristics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. At high peroxynitrite to tryptophan ratios, other oxidation products were detected as well. The amount of nitrotryptophan formed from peroxynitrite increased at acidic pH, with an apparent pKa of 7.8. High concentrations of Fe(3+)-EDTA were required to enhance peroxynitrite-induced nitrotryptophan formation, while addition of up to 15 microM Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase had a minimal effect on tryptophan nitration. Cysteine, ascorbate, and methionine decreased nitrotryptophan yield to an extent similar to that predicted by their reaction rates with ground-state peroxynitrite, and typical hydroxyl radical scavengers partially inhibited nitration. Plots of the observed rate constant of nitrotryptophan formation vs tryptophan concentration presented downward curvatures. Thus, the kinetics of metal-independent nitration reactions were interpreted in terms of two parallel mechanisms. In the first one, ground-state peroxynitrous acid nitrated tryptophan with a second-order rate constant of 184 +/- 11 M-1 s-1 at 37 degrees C. The activation enthalpy was 9.1 +/- 0.3 kcal mol-1, and the activation entropy was -19 +/- 1 cal mol-1 K-1. In the second mechanism, ONOOH*, an activated intermediate derived from trans-peroxynitrous acid formed in a steady state, was the nitrating agent.
Synthetic Applications of Chloromethyltrimethylsilane (1985)

The use of chloromethyltrimethylsilane and its derivatives to accomplish a wide range of synthetic transformations in organic chemistry is discussed. Organometallics, (Grignard and lithium reagents) derived from it, as well as key intermediates such as 3-chloro-2-trimethylsiloxypropene, ethyl trimethylsilylacetate, 2-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene, trimethylsilyldiazomethane, and a series of 2-(trimethylsilyl)-ethyl-based derivatizing reagents, play a major role in its applications. These compounds and other derivatives are important reagents for the preparation of such diverse products as unsaturated compounds, isoprenylated compounds, Diels-Alder adducts, ylids, and heterocyclic compounds. 1. Introduction 2. Reactions of Trimethylsilylmethylmagnesium Chloride 3. Lithium Derivatives 4. Trimethylsilyldiazomethane 5. Trimethylsilylmethyl Derivatives 6. Ylid Chemistry 7. 2-Alkynyl-trimethylsilanes
Enhancement of electron impact ionization in a superlattice: A new avalanche photodiode with a large ionization rate ratio (1982)

The first superlattice avalanche photodiode (APD) is reported. The high field region of this p-i-n structure consists of 50 alternating Al0.45Ga0.55As (550 Å) and GaAs (450 Å) layers. A large ionization rate ratio has been measured in the field range (2.1–2.7)×105 V/cm, with α/β≃10 at a gain of 10 giving a McIntyre noise factor Fn = 3. The ionization rate ratio enhancement with respect to bulk GaAs and AlGaAs is attributed to the large difference in the band edge discontinuities for electrons and holes at the heterojunction interfaces. The superlattice APD is a new device concept which can be used to develop low noise APD’s in a variety of III-V materials including long wavelength 1.3–1.6-μm semiconductors.
<title>Multiplex architecture for 3 x 3 coupler based fiber optic sensors</title> (1993)

This paper presents a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) design that is compatible with 3 X 3 coupler terminated Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensors. Unlike the FDM technique that is presently used with phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation schemes, this technique does not require modulation of the wavelength of the laser source or the introduction of optical path differences (OPD) in the interferometer in order to generate a phase carrier modulation in the interferometer. The technique described in this paper relies simply on amplitude modulation (AM) of the light intensity and uses the three outputs of an interferometer to unambiguously recover the phase modulation in the interferometer.
Personalized video recommendation based on viewing history with the study on YouTube (2012)

With internet delivery of video content surging to an un-precedented level, video recommendation has become an important approach for helping people access interesting videos. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to integrate viewing history for personalized video recommendation. For a given user, our approach calculates a recommendation score for each video candidate, that composes of two parts: the interest degree of this video by the user's friends, and the taste similarities between the user and his friends. We measure the interest degree of each video by considering its textual, visual and popularity information. Meanwhile, we construct tag set for each user based on his/her viewing history to estimate the taste similarities between different users. The final recommended videos are ranked according to the accumulated recommendation scores from different recommenders. We conduct experiments with 45 users and more than 11, 000 videos, and the results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.
Molecular basis of apolipoprotein (a) isoform size heterogeneity as revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. (1991)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein that is distinguished by its content of a glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Apo(a) varies in size among individuals owing to different numbers of cysteine-rich sequences that are homologous to kringle 4 of plasminogen. The genetic basis for this variation is not understood at the genomic level. In this study we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genomic blotting to identify a highly polymorphic restriction fragment from the apo(a) gene. The fragment contains multiple tandem repeats of a kringle 4-encoding sequence and varies in length from 48 to 190 kb depending on the number of kringle 4-encoding sequences. A total of 19 different alleles were identified among 102 unrelated Caucasian Americans. 94% of individuals studied had two different alleles which could be distinguished by size on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The degree of size heterogeneity was much greater than had been previously appreciated based on the analysis of the apparent molecular mass of the protein. The size of the apo(a) gene correlated directly with the size of the apo(a) protein, and inversely with the concentration of Lp(a) in plasma. Segregation analysis of the apo(a) gene was performed in families; siblings with identical apo(a) genotypes had similar plasma levels of Lp(a). These results suggest that in the normal population, the level of plasma Lp(a) is largely determined by alleles at the apo(a) locus.
Serum protein-binding characteristics of vancomycin (1993)

A synthesis of studies of serum protein binding of vancomycin and its reported abnormal binding in serum with very high concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) suggests that this antibiotic may be bound to more than one serum protein. Using an ultrafiltration method for separating free from bound drug and high-performance liquid chromatography to measure drug concentration, we studied the binding characteristics of vancomycin for alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, IgG, IgM, IgA, and albumin. The results showed that vancomycin does not bind to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, IgG, or IgM. Major binding to albumin and IgA occurs, and total drug binding to serum proteins can be fully explained by binding to these two proteins. We calculated an N (number of binding sites per molecule) of 1.3 +/- 0.4 and a K (association constant) of 3.3 x 10(5) +/- 6.3 x 10(4) M-1 (NK = 4.3 x 10(5) M-1) for binding to IgA, whereas the corresponding NK value for albumin was only 527.5 M-1, indicating that vancomycin preferentially binds to IgA. Very high concentrations of IgA in serum (i.e., grams per deciliter), such as in patients with IgA myeloma, may result in the paradox of high (total) concentrations of vancomycin in serum that may be clinically ineffective.
Constructing Uncertainty Sets for Robust Linear Optimization (2009)

In this paper, we propose a methodology for constructing uncertainty sets within the framework of robust optimization for linear optimization problems with uncertain parameters. Our approach relies on decision maker risk preferences. Specifically, we utilize the theory of coherent risk measures initiated by Artzner et al. (1999) [Artzner, P., F. Delbaen, J. Eber, D. Heath. 1999. Coherent measures of risk. Math. Finance 9 203–228.], and show that such risk measures, in conjunction with the support of the uncertain parameters, are equivalent to explicit uncertainty sets for robust optimization. We explore the structure of these sets in detail. In particular, we study a class of coherent risk measures, called distortion risk measures, which give rise to polyhedral uncertainty sets of a special structure that is tractable in the context of robust optimization. In the case of discrete distributions with rational probabilities, which is useful in practical settings when we are sampling from data, we show that the class of all distortion risk measures (and their corresponding polyhedral sets) are generated by a finite number of conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measures. A subclass of the distortion risk measures corresponds to polyhedral uncertainty sets symmetric through the sample mean. We show that this subclass is also finitely generated and can be used to find inner approximations to arbitrary, polyhedral uncertainty sets.
A novel method for two-dimensional phase estimation (2002)

Estimating the phase of a complex radar signal has many important applications in remote sensing. In the one-dimensional (1D) case, the phase estimate is used to dechirp the radar signal in the azimuth direction. In two dimensions (2D), phase estimation can provide elevation data for topographic mapping from radar pairs. Much has been written about 1D phase estimation, and several robust 1D phase estimation algorithms have found wide application. These algorithms, however, cannot readily be extended to two dimensions. If a topographic map is to be generated from a radar pair, then almost invariably a 2D phase unwrapping algorithm is required. Successful unwrapping of two-dimensional phase is sensitive (i) to registration accuracy, subpixel registration accuracy often being necessary, and (ii) to signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, which cannot be too low. The algorithm presented estimates the phase of a 2D signal by first estimating the phase derivative in two orthogonal directions. The derivative estimator presented introduces no additional phase distortions, and is not particularly sensitive to speckle noise. From the phase derivative the phase is estimated by performing a two-dimensional integration. Simulation experiments have shown that this new method is less sensitive to low S/N ratio than the conventional methods, and that registration errors of as much as one or two pixels do not not affect the accuracy of the phase estimation nearly so drastically as they do in the conventional phase unwrapping algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiparameter Particle Display (MPPD): A Quantitative Screening Method for the Discovery of Highly Specific Aptamers (2016)

Aptamers are a promising class of affinity reagents because they are chemically synthesized, thus making them highly reproducible and distributable as sequence information rather than a physical entity. Although many high-quality aptamers have been previously reported, it is difficult to routinely generate aptamers that possess both high affinity and specificity. One of the reasons is that conventional aptamer selection can only be performed either for affinity (positive selection) or for specificity (negative selection), but not both simultaneously. In this work, we harness the capacity of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) for multicolor sorting to simultaneously screen for affinity and specificity at a throughput of 10<sup>7</sup> aptamers per hour. As a proof of principle, we generated DNA aptamers that exhibit picomolar to low nanomolar affinity in human serum for three diverse proteins, and show that these aptamers are capable of outperforming high-quality monoclonal antibodies in a standard ELISA detection assay.