gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and first successful flight test of a QFT flight control system (2002)

This paper is a discussion of the development and successful flight test of a flight control system designed using techniques of Quantitative Feedback Theory. The flight control system was designed for and flew on the Lambda Unmanned Research Vehicle. Lambda is a remotely piloted aircraft with a wingspan of 14 feet. It is operated by Wright Laboratory for research in flight control technology. The developmental process began with the use of Digital Datcom, a computer program which predicts stability and control derivatives for aerospace vehicles based upon geometric data. Datcom information formed the baseline model of the aircraft. This baseline model was refined by using system identification software to estimate the aerodynamic derivatives from actual flight test data. Maximum likelihood identification was used to identify the natural frequency and damping ratios of the short period and roll modes. This information combined with the Datcom information provided a working model for the flight control system design. Much of the preliminary QFT design work was accomplished at the Air Force institute of Technology. During the same period, a nonlinear simulation was developed at Wright Laboratory. This simulation incorporated a six degree of freedom simulation, and automatic trim calculation, air vehicle kinematics, control surface saturation, and sensor noise recorded from the Lambda on-board control system. When placed in this simulation, the original control system exhibited undesirable behavior. The controller was then adjusted prior to implementation. By this time, a new computer aided design program was developed by AFIT for designing Quantitative Feedback Theory control systems. This program allowed for a rapid redesign, which resulted in the successful flight test control system that flew on 20 November 1992.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The combination of L-theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness (2010)

The non-proteinic amino acid L-theanine and caffeine, a methylxanthine derivative, are naturally occurring ingredients in tea. The present study investigated the effect of a combination of 97 mg L-theanine and 40 mg caffeine as compared to placebo treatment on cognitive performance, alertness, blood pressure, and heart rate in a sample of young adults (n = 44). Cognitive performance, self-reported mood, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before L-theanine and caffeine administration (i.e. at baseline) and 20 min and 70 min thereafter. The combination of moderate levels of L-theanine and caffeine significantly improved accuracy during task switching and self-reported alertness (both P < 0.01) and reduced self-reported tiredness (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects on other cognitive tasks, such as visual search, choice reaction times, or mental rotation. The present results suggest that 97 mg of L-theanine in combination with 40 mg of caffeine helps to focus attention during a demanding cognitive task.
Multipath allocation control in a communication network by the cooperative distributed multiagent model (1992)

Abstract This paper proposes an application method of the cooperative distributed multiagent model in multipath allocation algorithm and confirms its valid calculation results by realizing this model in a distributed computer environment. The multiagent model in this paper is an environment where each agent has the same function of asynchronous and parallel calculation and no globally controlling agents exist. To realize this model, this paper proposes an appropriate dividing method of the multipath allocation problem for asynchronous and parallel calculation, a unifying method of each agent's answers and interagent communication protocols. It also compares the required calculation time and the number of allocated paths of a single agent with that of the multiagents and shows the practical calculation ability of the multiagent model.
Über die Karbonate der seltenen Erden. I. Bildungsverhältnisse und Hydrolyse der Ceriterdkarbonate (1923)

Abstract Die Ceriterden Ce, La, Nd, Pry geben nur bei Fällung mit CO 2 ‐ gesättigten Bikarbonatlösungen sicher neutrale Karbonate der Zusammensetzung E 2 O 2 · 3CO 2 . Normale Alkalikarbonate fällen in der Kälte nur annähernd neutrale, in der Wärme stark basische Karbonate, deren Hydratanteil in der für fallende Basenstärke allgemein angenommenen Folge La, Ce, Pr, Nd, zunimmt, wobei das La sich als besonders starke Base, das Nd deutlich als schwächste abhebt.
Hepatic transport of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Fe(III)‐N‐(3‐Phenylglutaryl)desferrioxamine B (1991)

We have studied the hepatic transport of Fe(III)-N-(3-phenylglutaryl)desferrioxamine B (Fe-PGDF). Using 59Fe-PGDF in biliary cannulated rats we have shown that 32 +/- 2% of an iv bolus dose was excreted into the bile. In animals pretreated with a saturating dose of taurocholate, oxyphenonium, or bromosulfophthalein (BSP), 25 +/- 6%, 23 +/- 1%, or 1.6 +/- 0.8% of the dose, respectively, was excreted into the bile. Magnetic resonance images indicated that BSP blocked uptake of Fe-PGDF by the hepatocytes. Possible enterohepatic recycling of 59Fe-PGDF was investigated in linked rat experiments. All of the material excreted into the bile of the donor, 28 +/- 10% of the dose, was recovered in the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient, but none was found in its bile or urine. These results suggested that uptake of Fe-PGDF by the hepatocytes occurred via the BSP transporter and that no enterohepatic recycling of the contrast agent occurred.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Chiral Acrylamidosulfonic Acids (1998)

Reductive amination of (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid with NaCNBH3/NH4OAc has afforded diastereomeric exo- and endo-aminosulfonic acids, that can be separated by crystallization from methanol. Treatment of these diastereomers with acryloyl chloride gave high yields of novel, chiral acrylamides that incorporate both a sulfonic acid substituent and a chiral auxiliary. The free radical (AIBN) polymerization of these acrylamides gave high yields (84−90%) of novel, water-soluble polyacrylamides (Mw = 5500−7800). 1H NMR studies showed these to be essentially atactic. Their circular dichroism spectra were similar to their corresponding acrylamide monomers. This indicates that the sulfonic acid chiral auxiliary in the monomer precursors does not induce and/or maintain macroasymmetry in the resulting polyacrylamide chains. Hydrogels with equilibrium water contents as high as 99.96% could be obtained by copolymerizing {(NH4)2S2O8 initiator} these chiral acrylamides with equimolar acrylamide and varying ratios of N,N‘-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker.
Pharmacokinetics of R‐Enantiomeric Normephenytoin During Chronic Administration in Epileptic Patients (1986)

Stereoselective metabolism has been demonstrated for mephenytoin (MHT), R-MHT being demethylated to the pharmacologically active metabolite 5-phenyl-5-ethylhydantoin (PEH; nirvanol), and S-MHT undergoing aromatic hydroxylation to 4-OH-MHT, with formation of an intermediate arene oxide metabolite. PEH is responsible for the therapeutic effect, whereas 4-OH-MHT is rapidly eliminated by the kidneys. The arene oxide metabolite may have implications in MHT toxicity. The metabolism of PEH is also stereospecific. In the present study, the R-enantiomer of PEH (R-PEH; R-normephenytoin) was administered chronically during 8 weeks to four epileptic patients, as a single dose every 3 days. The half-lives of R-PEH ranged from 77.7 to 175.8 h, and correlated closely with the creatinine clearance. Mean urinary recovery of R-PEH was 86.6% of the dose at steady state, with 4-OH-PEH accounting for only 5%. This indicates that, unlike Nirvanol (a racemic mixture of R- and S-PEH), R-PEH is only minimally metabolized, even after several weeks of treatment and despite potential enzymatic autoinduction and heteroinduction by other antiepileptic drugs. Complete blood counts and liver function tests revealed no alteration, and no other adverse effects were noted. If arene oxide intermediate metabolites are indeed involved in the toxicity of MHT and nirvanol, R-PEH may represent a safer alternative.
Attachment of human bone cells to tissue culture polystyrene and to unmodified polystyrene: the effect of surface chemistry upon initial cell attachment (1994)

Cell culture studies have often been used in the determination of the suitability of biomaterials as surfaces for the attachment and growth of cells. For such studies of surfaces for potential use in bone implants, cells derived from bone may be maintained in culture on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). We have determined the contribution that serum fibronectin (FN) or vitronectin (VN) make to the attachment and spreading of cells cultured from explanted human bone (bone-derived cells) during the first 90 min following seeding on culture surfaces. The attachment of bone-derived cells to TCPS was simulated two-fold by the addition of 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the seeding culture medium. The roles of FN and VN were determined by selective removal of the FN or VN from the FBS prior to addition to the culture medium. FBS from which the VN had been removed did not have this stimulatory activity. In contrast, the attachment of bone-derived cells onto TCPS from medium containing FN-depleted serum (which contained VN) was the same as when intact FBS was used. There was incomplete attachment of bone-derived cells (27% of cells) when seeded in medium containing FBS depleted of both VN and FN. Our results show that for human bone-derived cells, the attachment onto TCPS of cells planted in medium containing FBS during the first 90 min of culture is principally as a result of adsorption onto the surface of serum VN. As unmodified polystyrene (PS) has also been used previously as a model biomaterial surface, PS was compared to TCPS for attachment of the bone-derived cells. Attachment of bone-derived cells to TCPS was twice that onto PS, both when the medium was serum-free and when it contained FBS. Bone-derived cells attached to TCPS or PS onto which purified VN or FN had been precoated, with VN adsorbed onto PS being as effective as was VN adsorbed onto TCPS. With FN, there was an effect of the polystyrene surface chemistry which was evident in that suboptimal concentrations of FN had a slightly higher potency when adsorbed onto TCPS than did the same concentrations of FN coated onto PS. When preadsorbed onto TCPS, the potency of FN for attachment of bone-derived cells was at least equal to that of VN.
Thermal decomposition of urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins. I Weight loss of urea-formaldehyde resin with heating. (1986)

木質材料の防火性能の向上および火災安全性に資する基礎データを得るため,尿素・ホルムアルデヒド.樹脂の熱分解を研究した。実験室で定法によって硬化した樹脂を,空気およびヘリウム雰囲気中で加熱し,TGカーブおよび等温加熱による重量減少カーブを得た。これらのカーブが速度論的に解析され,見かけのアレニウスパラメータが求められた。急激な重量減少は,これを促進する反応と構造安定化の反応(重量減少を遅らす)とが幾種類か組み合って起きていると考えられる。その全体的な過程は,少なくとも三つ以上の段階が連続して成り立っている。求められたアレニウスパラメータから,各段階の温度依存性が異なるため,それぞれの段階が温度によって優勢になったり,劣勢になったりする。化学的機構を解明するため,今後,異なった手法により研究を進める必要がある。
Thermal performance of aluminum-foam heat sinks by forced air cooling (2003)

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an aluminum-foam heat sink placed on a heat source in a channel. The thermal performance of aluminum-foam heat sinks is evaluated in terms of the Nusselt number and thermal resistance of the heat sinks. The pore density of the aluminum-foam heat sinks and the Reynolds number are varied in the range of parameters: 10, 20, 40 pores per inch (PPI) and 710/spl les/Re/spl les/2900, respectively. It is found that thermal resistance is substantially reduced by employing an aluminum-foam heat sink with low pore density due to the relatively intense airflow through the heat sink. The aluminum-foam heat sink may provide 28% or higher thermal performance than a conventional parallel-plate heat sink of the same size. Further, the aluminum-foam heat sinks can dramatically reduce the overall mass of electronics-cooling devices owing to high porosity.
UTP inhibits Na<sup>+</sup> absorption in wild-type and ΔF508 CFTR-expressing human bronchial epithelia (1999)

Ca2+-mediated agonists, including UTP, are being developed for therapeutic use in cystic fibrosis (CF) based on their ability to modulate alternative Cl- conductances. As CF is also characterized by hyperabsorption of Na+, we determined the effect of mucosal UTP on transepithelial Na+ transport in primary cultures of human bronchial epithelia (HBE). In symmetrical NaCl, UTP induced an initial increase in short-circuit current (Isc) followed by a sustained inhibition. To differentiate between effects on Na+ absorption and Cl- secretion, Isc was measured in the absence of mucosal and serosal Cl- (INa). Again, mucosal UTP induced an initial increase and then a sustained decrease that reduced amiloride-sensitive INa by 73%. The Ca2+-dependent agonists histamine, bradykinin, serosal UTP, and thapsigargin similarly induced sustained inhibition (62-84%) of INa. Mucosal UTP induced similar sustained inhibition (half-maximal inhibitory concentration 296 nM) of INa in primary cultures of human CF airway homozygous for the DeltaF508 mutation. BAPTA-AM blunted UTP-dependent inhibition of INa, but inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase A2 had no effect. Indeed, direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate failed to inhibit Na+ absorption. Apyrase, a tri- and diphosphatase, did not reverse inhibitory effects of UTP on INa, suggesting a long-term inhibitory effect of UTP that is independent of receptor occupancy. After establishment of a mucosa-to-serosa K+ concentration gradient and permeabilization of the mucosal membrane with nystatin, mucosal UTP induced an initial increase in K+ current followed by a sustained inhibition. We conclude that increasing cellular Ca2+ induces a long-term inhibition of transepithelial Na+ transport across normal and CF HBE at least partly due to downregulation of a basolateral membrane K+ conductance. Thus UTP may have a dual therapeutic effect in CF airway: 1) stimulation of a Cl- secretory response and 2) inhibition of Na+ transport.
Induction of Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Urothelium (2014)

In vitro generation of human urothelium from stem cells would be a major advancement in the regenerative medicine field, providing alternate nonurologic and/or nonautologous tissue sources for bladder grafts. Such a model would also help decipher the mechanisms of urothelial differentiation and would facilitate investigation of deviated differentiation of normal progenitors into urothelial cancer stem cells, perhaps elucidating areas of intervention for improved treatments. Thus far, in vitro derivation of urothelium from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells has not been reported. The goal of this work was to develop an efficient in vitro protocol for the induction of hESCs into urothelium through an intermediary definitive endoderm step and free of matrices and cell contact. During directed differentiation in a urothelial-specific medium ("Uromedium"), hESCs produced up to 60% urothelium, as determined by uroplakin expression; subsequent propagation selected for 90% urothelium. Alteration of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell signaling contribution through noncell contact coculture or conditioned media did not enhance the production of urothelium. Temporospatial evaluation of transcription factors known to be involved in urothelial specification showed association of IRF1, GET1, and GATA4 with uroplakin expression. Additional hESC and hiPS cell lines could also be induced into urothelium using this in vitro system. These results demonstrate that derivation and propagation of urothelium from hESCs and hiPS cells can be efficiently accomplished in vitro in the absence of matrices, cell contact, or adult cell signaling and that the induction process appears to mimic normal differentiation.
Knowing Where and Getting There: A Human Navigation Network (1998)

The neural basis of navigation by humans was investigated with functional neuroimaging of brain activity during navigation in a familiar, yet complex virtual reality town. Activation of the right hippocampus was strongly associated with knowing accurately where places were located and navigating accurately between them. Getting to those places quickly was strongly associated with activation of the right caudate nucleus. These two right-side brain structures function in the context of associated activity in right inferior parietal and bilateral medial parietal regions that support egocentric movement through the virtual town, and activity in other left-side regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex) probably involved in nonspatial aspects of navigation. These findings outline a network of brain areas that support navigation in humans and link the functions of these regions to physiological observations in other mammals.
Characteristics of File System Workloads (1998)

In this report, we describe the collection of file system traces from three different environments. By using the auditing system to collect traces on client machines, we are able to get detailed traces with minimal kernel changes. We then present results of traffic analysis on the traces, contrasting them with those from previous studies. Based on these results, we argue that file systems must optimize disk layout for good read performance
A Microfluidic System for Continuous Magnetophoretic Separation of Suspended Cells Using Their Native Magnetic Properties (2005)

This paper presents the characterization of a continuous magnetophoretic microseparator for separating white and red blood cells from whole blood by using a high gradient magnetic separation method and microfabrication technology. The magnetophoretic microseparator directly separates blood cells based on their native magnetic properties without the use of additives such as magnetic tagging or inducing materials. Experimental results show that the diamagnetic capture mode microseparator can continuously separate out 89.7 % of red blood cells and 72.7 % of white blood cells, and the three-stage cascade paramagnetic capture mode microseparator can continuously separate out 93.5 % of red blood cells and 97.4 % of white blood cells from whole blood by applying an external magnetic flux of 0.2 T using a permanent magnet.
A practical method for induced moulting of caged layers that combines full access to feed and water, dietary thyroactive protein, and short day length (2005)

This paper reviews and presents data suggesting that the use of thyroxine (T4) to induce moult in poultry may be a viable alternative to previous methods involving feed withdrawal or feed avoidance. Studies completed in wild and domestic avian species have indicated that T4 is associated with the natural moulting process. Four experiments, spanning the range from using a purified, injectable form of T4 to a cost effective commercially available product, iodinated casein (economical source of T4) that can be fed to hens via a standard poultry ration, are presented. Since hens have full access to the diet during the induced moult, it is hoped that the procedure will be acceptable both to the poultry industry and to organizations concerned about the welfare of birds during this period of their annual cycle.
Application of sonomicrometry and multidimensional scaling to cardiac catheter tracking (1997)

This paper describes a technique for tracking the three-dimensional (3-D) position of a cardiac catheter using sonomicrometry and the mathematical method of multidimensional scaling (MDS). Sonomicrometry is used to measure the distances between ultrasonic transceivers. MDS is then used to calculate the 3-D coordinates of the ultrasonic transceiver locations, including the catheter tip, from the measured distances. Feasibility of catheter tracking was initially studied using simulated data from a geometric model in which the actual coordinates of all transceivers were known. The method was then shown to be feasible in vivo by tracking a catheter-mounted piezoelectric transducer using seven reference crystals sewn to the epicardial surface of a sheep heart. Simulation results indicate that a catheter can be tracked with a root-mean-square (rms) error of 1.51 +/- 0.05 mm and an average-distance error of e = 1.06 +/- 0.27 mm using 12 reference points. In vivo results showed acceptable stress values (G < 0.05) for 95% of the data samples with an average-distance error of e = 0.52 +/- 0.66 mm. These simulation and experimental results show that sonomicrometry and MDS can be used to accurately localize the 3-D position and track the motion of a catheter tip within the heart.
Comparison of LH concentrations in the early and mid-luteal phase in IVF cycles after treatment with HMG alone or in association with the GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix (2001)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is mandatory for the maintenance of the corpus luteum. Ovarian stimulation for IVF has been associated with a defective luteal phase. The luteal phases of two groups of patients with normal menstrual cycles and no endocrinological cause of infertility were retrospectively analysed in IVF cycles. Thirty-one infertile patients stimulated with human menopausal gonadotrophins (HMG) for IVF to whom the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist Cetrorelix 0.25 mg was also administered to prevent the LH surge (group I) were compared with 31 infertile patients stimulated with HMG alone (group II). Despite differences in the stimulation outcome, luteal LH serum concentrations were similar in the two groups. LH values dropped from 2.3 +/- 1 IU/l on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration to 1.1 +/- 0.7 IU/l on day HCG +2 in group I (P < 0.0001) and from 5.1 +/- 3 to 1.2 +/- 1.7 IU/l (P < 0.0001) in group II. In the mid-luteal phase, LH concentrations were low in both groups. Our results suggest that suppressed LH concentrations in the early and mid-luteal phase may not be attributed solely to the GnRH-antagonist administration. Pituitary LH secretion may be inhibited by supraphysiological steroid serum concentrations via long-loop feedback and/or by the central action of the exogenously administered HCG via a short-loop mechanism.
Profile Prediction: An Alignment-Based Pre-Training Task for Protein Sequence Models (2020)

For protein sequence datasets, unlabeled data has greatly outpaced labeled data due to the high cost of wet-lab characterization. Recent deep-learning approaches to protein prediction have shown that pre-training on unlabeled data can yield useful representations for downstream tasks. However, the optimal pre-training strategy remains an open question. Instead of strictly borrowing from natural language processing (NLP) in the form of masked or autoregressive language modeling, we introduce a new pre-training task: directly predicting protein profiles derived from multiple sequence alignments. Using a set of five, standardized downstream tasks for protein models, we demonstrate that our pre-training task along with a multi-task objective outperforms masked language modeling alone on all five tasks. Our results suggest that protein sequence models may benefit from leveraging biologically-inspired inductive biases that go beyond existing language modeling techniques in NLP.