gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Control of a Current-Source Inverter/ Double-Wound Synchronous Machine System for AC Power Supply (1981)

A novel dc-to-ac conversion system consisting of a load commutated current-source inverter, a double-wound synchronous machine, a position sensor, and a control circuit is being used increasingly as an ac power source in dc electric railway coaches. A detailed transient analysis of this dc-to-ac conversion system is presented and a new dynamic control strategy is proposed. It is shown that the proposed control not only stabilizes the output frequency and voltage of the system over a wide range of variations in the dc input voltage and/or the output load, but also secures safe commutation of thyristors in the inverter during transients.
Activation of MYC in a masked t(8;17) translocation results in an aggressive B-cell leukemia. (1989)

We have analyzed the oncogene rearrangements involving BCL2 and MYC in the leukemia cells of a patient with an aggressive prolymphocytic leukemia that had an abnormal karyotype including a t(14;18) translocation and a chromosome 17q+. Molecular analysis showed that BCL2 was rearranged in the major breakpoint cluster region and had joined into the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene as in follicular lymphoma. Cloning and sequence analysis of the rearranged MYC gene revealed that MYC was truncated at the Pvu II site at the end of the first exon of MYC and had joined into the regulatory elements of a gene that we called BCL3 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3). The BCL3 locus was mapped to chromosome 17 band q22. We found BCL3 transcribed as a message of 1.7 kilobases in many hematopoietic cell lines representing all hematopoietic lineages. In the patient's leukemia cells, the truncated MYC gene was highly expressed under the influence of BCL3 regulatory elements, leading to an aggressive B-cell leukemia that presumably had been derived from an indolent lymphoma carrying a rearranged BCL2 gene.
HGF reduces advancing lung fibrosis in mice: a potential role for MMP‐dependent myofibroblast apoptosis (2005)

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by a loss of lung epithelial cells, replaced by interstitial myofibroblasts to deposit extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Previous studies demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) improved lung fibrosis in murine models, whereas molecular mechanisms whereby HGF improved lung fibrosis have yet to be fully understood. When MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were treated with transforming growth factor-beta1, the cells underwent phenotypic change similar to myofibroblasts and this was associated with up-regulation of c-Met/HGF receptor expression. For the myofibroblast-like cells, HGF increased activities of MMP-2/-9, predominant enzymes for breakdown of fibronectin (FN). Under such conditions, HGF induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, linked with a decrease in a FN central cell binding (CCB) domain involved in FAK phosphorylation. When MMI270 (a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor) was added together with HGF, decreases in FN-CCB domain expression and FAK phosphorylation by HGF were restored, and these events were associated with an inhibition of HGF-induced apoptosis, suggesting that increased activities of MMPs underlie the major mechanism of HGF-mediated apoptosis in myofibroblasts. In bleomycin-treated mice, c-Met expression was found on interstitial myofibroblasts and HGF increased apoptosis in culture of myofibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-treated murine lungs. Furthermore, administration of recombinant HGF to bleomycin-treated mice increased lung MMP activities and enhanced myofibroblast apoptosis, while in vivo MMI270 injections together with HGF inhibited such MMP activation, leading to suppressed myofibroblast apoptosis. In conclusion, we identified HGF as a key ligand to elicit myofibroblast apoptosis and ECM degradation, whereas activation of the HGF/c-Met system in fibrotic lungs may be considered a target to attenuate progression of chronic lung disorders.
Trace gas detection with cavity ring down spectroscopy (1995)

Trace gas detection of small molecules has been performed with cavity ring down (CRD) absorption spectroscopy in the near UV part of the spectrum. The absolute concentration of the OH radical present in trace amounts in heated plain air due to thermal dissociation of H2O has been calibrated as a function of temperature in the 720–1125 °C range. Detection of NH3 at the 10 ppb level is demonstrated in calibrated NH3/air flows. Detection of the background Hg concentration in plain air is performed with a current detection limit below 1 ppt. The effect of the laser linewidth in relation to the width of the absorption line is discussed in detail. Basic considerations regarding the use of CRD for trace gas detection are given and it is concluded that CRD spectroscopy holds great promise for sensitive [(sub)-ppb] and fast (kHz) detection of many small molecules.
Optimization of Context Disambiguation in Web Wearch Results (2008)

In a knowledge driven economy information plays an important role. Different entities of society are seeking varied information on a day to day basis. In every walk of life decision makers are taking decisions after careful analysis of relevant information. Hence quality of decisions eventually depends upon quality of information. With the advent of Internet technology the population of online information seekers is growing beyond any stretch of imagination. However information which is retrieved from World Wide Web suffers from few drawbacks. One of the major draw backs about which there is a universal concern that is information retrieved is not the same as information perceived. We commonly comes across pages that are not of interest while searching the Web. This is partly due to a word or words in the search query having different contexts, the user obviously expecting to find pages related to the context of interest. This research paper attempts to investigate the usefulness of Web page clustering algorithms to overcome the drawback of mismatching between information desired and information retrieved. This paper also proposes a method to disambiguate contexts in Web search results.
The Interaction of Amides with Amines: A General Method of Acylation<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Interaction of Amides with Amines: A General Method of Acylation1Alexander Galat and Gertrude ElionCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1566–1567Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Removing Rain from Single Images via a Deep Detail Network (2017)

We propose a new deep network architecture for removing rain streaks from individual images based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Inspired by the deep residual network (ResNet) that simplifies the learning process by changing the mapping form, we propose a deep detail network to directly reduce the mapping range from input to output, which makes the learning process easier. To further improve the de-rained result, we use a priori image domain knowledge by focusing on high frequency detail during training, which removes background interference and focuses the model on the structure of rain in images. This demonstrates that a deep architecture not only has benefits for high-level vision tasks but also can be used to solve low-level imaging problems. Though we train the network on synthetic data, we find that the learned network generalizes well to real-world test images. Experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world images in terms of both qualitative and quantitative measures. We discuss applications of this structure to denoising and JPEG artifact reduction at the end of the paper.
Optimization of the Extraction of Sorghum's Polyphenols for Industrial Production by Membrane Processes (2012)

For a large-scale production of sorghum’s polyphenols for food and medicine by membrane processes, different extraction parameters (temperature, duration and nature of solvent) were optimized. For a production in respect of environmental standards to an extrapolation of technology to the semi-industrial scale in the developing countries, 14 hours of extraction with magnetic or mechanical stirring at room temperature with a ratio of 1g of solids per 150 ml of water and a neutral pH were selected as optimum extraction conditions
Whole-body and segmental analysis of body composition in adult males with achondroplasia using dual X-ray absorptiometry (2019)

Achondroplasia is a condition characterized by a genetic mutation affecting long bone endplate development. Current data suggests that the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of achondroplasic populations are below age matched individuals of average stature (controls). Due to the disproportionate limb-to-torso length compared to controls however, the lower BMC and BMD may be nullified when appropriately presented. The aim of this study was to measure whole-body and segmental body composition in adult males with achondroplasia (N = 10, 22 ±3 yrs), present data relative to whole-body and whole-limb values and compare all values to age matched controls (N = 17, 22 ±2 yrs). Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure the in vivo mass of the whole-body and 15 segments, from which BMD, BMC, fat free mass (FFM) and body fat mass were measured. BMC of lumbar vertebrae (L1-4) was also measured and presented as a volumetric BMD (BMDVOL). The achondroplasic group had less BMC, BMD and FFM, and more body fat mass than controls as a whole-body measure. The lower achondroplasic BMC and BMD was somewhat nullified when presented relative to whole-body and whole-limb values respectively. There was no difference in lumbar BMDVOL between groups. Whole-body BMD measures presented the achondroplasic group as 'osteopenic'. When relative to whole-limb measures however, achondroplasic BMD descriptions were normal. Further work is needed to create a body composition database for achondroplasic population's, or for clinicians to present achondroplasic body composition values relative to the whole-limb.
Emissions Reductions in Diesel and Kerosene Flames Using a Novel Fuel Injector (2009)

A SPRAY serves as the heart of almost every type of liquidfueled combustion system. Ideally, to promote combustion withmaximumefficiency andminimumharmful emissions, an injector should deliver a fuel spray that rapidly disperses and evaporates to yield a homogeneousmixture of gaseous fuel and air. Characteristics of an ideal injector include good atomization over a wide range of either steady or transient fuel flow rates, unaffected by flow instabilities, low power requirements, scalability, resistant to blockages, and delivery of a fine spray [1,2]. Reviews by McDonell and Samuelsen [3], Razdan [4],Mansour [5], andNakamura et al. [6] deal with fuel sprays optimized for lean combustion. Pressure atomization, air-assist and air-blast atomization, and effervescent atomization [7] are commonly used techniques for a variety of injector applications. In the current study, we are exploring the so-called flow-blurring injector of Ganan-Calvo [8] in a combustion system. As illustrated in Fig. 1, the flow-blurring (FB) concept consists of a liquid nozzle and an orifice plate situated downstream of the nozzle. The nozzle’s wall is tapered at the outlet, and the sharpened edge of the orifice plate is the same diameter as the inner diameter of the nozzle (d). When the axial distance between the nozzle exit and orifice plate (H) is small (i.e., H=d < 0:25), some of the gas flowing into the lateral cylindrical passageway between the nozzle exit and orifice plane is forced upstream a short distance into the nozzle carrying the liquid. The backflow of gas causes vigorous combination of turbulent mixing and effervescing, or the so-called flow-blurring, which results in a spray with very fine droplets. Simmons et al. [9] conducted cold-flow visualization experiments for a range of geometric and flow conditions to demonstrate the high efficiency of the FB injector concept. To the best of our knowledge, the FB injector concept has never been applied to combustion systems. The objective of this study is to experimentally characterize emissions performance of the FB injector in a liquid-fueled combustor operated at atmospheric pressure. Experiments using diesel and kerosene fuels are performed for fixed fuel and total airflow rates, and the atomizing airflow rate is varied. The FB injector performance (NOx and CO emissions) is compared with that of a commercial air-blast (AB) injector. II. Experimental Setup
Coping with friction for non-penetrating rigid body simulation (1991)

Algorithms and computational complexity measures for simulating the motion of contacting bodies with friction are presented. The bodies are restricted to be perfectly rigid bodies that contact at finitely many points. Contact forces between bodies must satisfy the Coulomb model of friction. A traditional principle of mechanics is that contact forces are impulsive if and only if non-impulsive contact forces are insufficient to maintain the non-penetration constraints between bodies. When friction is allowed, it is known that impulsive contact forces can be necessary even in the absence of collisions between bodies. This paper shows that computing contact forces according to this traditional principle is likely to require exponential time. An analysis of this result reveals that the principle for when impulses can occur is too restrictive, and a natural reformulation of the principle is proposed. Using the reformulated principle, an algorithm with expected polynomial time behaviour for computing contact forces is presented.
Studies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by nitrogen-15 isotope labeling. I. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over supported platinum at 200-250.deg. (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by nitrogen-15 isotope labeling. I. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over supported platinum at 200-250.deg.Klaus Otto, Mordecai Shelef, and J. T. KummerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 13, 2690–2698Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/j100707a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
CD93 Is Rapidly Shed from the Surface of Human Myeloid Cells and the Soluble Form Is Detected in Human Plasma (2005)

CD93 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and stem cells. Antibodies directed at CD93 modulate phagocytosis, and CD93-deficient mice are defective in the clearance of apoptotic cells from the inflamed peritoneum. In this study we observe that CD93, expressed on human monocytes and neutrophils, is susceptible to phorbol dibutyrate-induced protein ectodomain shedding in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The soluble fragment found in culture supernatant retains the N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain and the epidermal growth factor repeats after ectodomain cleavage. Importantly, a soluble form of the CD93 ectodomain was detected in human plasma, demonstrating that shedding is a physiologically relevant process. Inhibition of metalloproteinases with 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited shedding, but shedding was independent of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17). Phorbol dibutyrate-induced CD93 shedding on monocytes was accompanied by decreased surface expression, whereas neutrophils displayed an increase in surface expression, suggesting that CD93 shed from the neutrophil surface was rapidly replaced by CD93 from intracellular stores. Cross-linking CD93 on human monocytes with immobilized anti-CD93 mAbs triggered shedding, as demonstrated by a decrease in cell-associated, full-length CD93 concomitant with an increase in CD93 intracellular domain-containing cleavage products. In addition, the inflammatory mediators, TNF-alpha and LPS, stimulated ectodomain cleavage of CD93 from monocytes. These data demonstrate that CD93 is susceptible to ectodomain shedding, identify multiple stimuli that trigger shedding, and identify both a soluble form of CD93 in human plasma and intracellular domain containing cleavage products within cells that may contribute to the physiologic role of CD93.
Ambiguity Resolution On-the-Fly - A Comparison of P Code and High Performance C/A Code Receiver Technologies (1992)

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution on the fly is
investigated using two receiver technologies, namely
dual-frequency P code and high performance, single
frequency, C/A code technology. The high
performance C/A code receiver used for the test is the
GPSCardru, designed and built by NovAtel
Communications Ltd. The P code trials were
conducted with 36-channel Ashtech P-XII receivers.
A least-squares search technique is used to find the
correct ambiguities. Both C/A and single frequency P
code technologies are found to be equivalent and
capable of resolving the integer ambiguities on the
fly using some 30 to 200 seconds of data under benign
multipath conditions. The time required and success
rate are hovewer dependent on the error variance
assigned to the carrier phase measurements. The use
of widelaning with the dual frequency P code results
in ambiguity resolution in seconds. The performance
of widelaning is also superior in a comparatively
high multipath environment.
Comparison of different methods of measuring 8-oxoguanine as a marker of oxidative DNA damage (2000)

We are attempting to resolve some of the problems encountered in measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in human cellular DNA as a marker of oxidative stress. Samples of authentic 8-oxodG were distributed, and participating laboratories undertook to analyse this material within a specified period. Most HPLC procedures gave values for 8-oxodG within +/-40% of the target, as did two of four GC-MS procedures, and both LC-MS-MS methods. Calf thymus DNA samples containing increasing amounts of 8-oxodG were also distributed for analysis. Fewer than half the procedures tested were able to detect the dose response; those that were successful tended to be procedures with low coefficients of variation. For the analysis of 8-oxodG in human cells, where it is likely to be present at much lower concentrations than in the calf thymus DNA, it is crucial to reduce analytical variation to a minimum; a coefficient of variation of less than 10% should be the aim, to give reasonable precision. HPLC with amperometric electrochemical detection is not recommended, as it is less sensitive than coulometric detection. Immunological detection, 32P-postlabelling and LC-MS-MS are alternative approaches to measurement of 8-oxodG in DNA that, on the grounds of precision and detection of dose response, cannot at present be recommended.
Maternal folate deficiency results in selective upregulation of folate receptors and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-E1 associated with multiple subtle aberrations in fetal tissues (2005)

Maternal folate deficiency results in selective upregulation of FR and hnRNP-E1 associated with multiple aberrations in fetal tissues that include increased cell loss, architectural anomalies, and premature differentiation. The potential significance of these findings to explain the wide spectrum of folate-responsive birth defects in humans is discussed.
Engineering the protein secretory pathway of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> enables improved protein production (2018)

Significance Recombinant proteins production by cell factories for medical and industrial use is one of the most prominent achievements in the modern biotech industry. It is constantly necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of protein secretion to identify new targets for design and construction of improved cell factories. Here, we identified several gene targets, most of which are involved in the trafficking and secretory pathways, that could improve protein production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the gram per liter level. We also found that intracellular retention of recombinant proteins can be significantly reduced by engineering the endosome-to-Golgi trafficking. Genes and pathways identified here may provide general guidelines for engineering other cell factories for efficient protein secretion.
Post global routing crosstalk synthesis (1997)

For the generation of a risk-free layout solution of a chip, crosstalk synthesis should be pursued at various stages in the routing process. This paper proposes a post global routing crosstalk optimization approach, which to our knowledge, is the first to estimate and reduce crosstalk risk at the global routing level. It consists of two parts: region-based crosstalk risk estimation and crosstalk risk reduction at the global routing level. In the first part, crosstalk risk graphs are first introduced for each routing region representing its current crosstalk situation. The crosstalk risk of each region, which indicates whether a risk-free routing solution of the region is possible, is then quantitatively defined and estimated using a graph-based approach. In the second part, the risk tolerance bound of each net is partitioned appropriately among its routing regions via integer linear programming for accurate (minimized) crosstalk risk estimation. If high risk regions still exist after bound partitioning, net ripping-up and rerouting is applied to reduce their crosstalk risks. At the end of the entire optimization process, a risk-free global routing solution is obtained together with partitions of nets' risk tolerance bounds which reflect the current crosstalk situation of the chip. These can greatly facilitate the generation of a risk-free final solution at later stages in the layout process. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested on CBL/NCSU benchmarks and the experimental results are very promising.