gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge carrier lifetime degradation in Cz silicon through the formation of a boron-rich layer during BBr<sub>3</sub>diffusion processes (2010)

Boron diffusion is commonly associated with the formation of an undesirable boron-rich layer (BRL), which is often made responsible for degradation of the carrier lifetime in the bulk. We investigate the phenomenology of the BRL formation, which results from BBr3 boron diffusion processes, and its impact on sheet resistance and bulk lifetime. Our measurements show that boron silicate glass (BSG) and BRL thicknesses vary between 50 and 600 nm and 0 and 80 nm respectively within the two-dimensional wafer surface of one sample for one diffusion process. Both thicknesses strongly depend on the gas composition during composition and deposition time. Further results show that BRL formation is favored by high concentrations of BBr3 vapor and of oxygen during B2O3 deposition. Also, high drive-in temperatures promote the growth of the BRL. We find that a BRL of more than 10 nm thickness causes a degradation of the carrier lifetime in the bulk of the silicon wafer. In particular, we show that this bulk lifetime degradation occurs during the cool-down ramp after the diffusion process. We show that carrier lifetime degradation can be avoided either by limiting the process temperature to 850 °C and thus preventing BRL formation or through reconverting the BRL by a drive-in step in oxidizing atmosphere at 920 °C.
Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life. (1990)

These findings show for the first time that the intrauterine environment has an important effect on blood pressure and hypertension in adults. The highest blood pressures occurred in men and women who had been small babies with large placentas. Such discordance between placental and fetal size may lead to circulatory adaptation in the fetus, altered arterial structure in the child, and hypertension in the adult. Prevention of hypertension may depend on improving the nutrition and health of mothers.
Beam-supported AlN thin film bulk acoustic resonators (2006)

A novel, suspended thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator (SFBAR) has been fabricated from an aluminum nitride film sputtered directly on a (100) silicon substrate. The suspended membrane design uses thin beams to support, as well as electrically connect, the resonator and has been fabricated using both thin film processing and bulk silicon micromachining. The quality factor and the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient were characterized as a function of the number and the length of the support beams. The length of the support beams was found to affect neither the quality factor at resonance nor the effective electromechanical coupling factor. However, longer support beams did facilitate better frequency pair response. Device performance varied with the number of support beams: 70% of the resonators tested showed a higher figure of merit with eight support beams than with four support beams.
Low-cost options for upgrading light straight run naphtha (1985)

Of the many alternatives available for gasoline pool octane improvement, light straight run naphtha isomerization is among the most attractive. Recent catalyst and process developments have improved the cost effectiveness and flexibility of the Penex process for achieving octane improvement. Two new commercial catalysts have been developed, the first obtains maximum once-through octane on desulfurized feeds in new or revamped units, the second allows operation at feed sulfur levels above 100 ppm. New process developments permit low cost product recycle to achieve maximum octane. An isomerization unit may be designed for once-through operation initially with postponed investment for recycle operation.
isolation of a benomyl-resistant allele of the  -tubulin gene from Septoria nodorum and its use as a dominant selectable marker (1991)

We have developed a homologous transformation system for the wheat-pathogenic fungus Septoria nodorum based on a benomyl-(MBC-) resistant allele of the β-tubulin gene. The β-tubulin gene was isolated by heterologous hybridization from a cosmid library prepared from an MBC-resistant mutant. Cosmids carrying the gene conferred MBC resistance when introduced into a sensitive strain, demonstrating that resistance to MBC fungicides in S. nodorum may be determined by the β-tubulin gene. This MBC resistant allele of the β-tubulin gene (tubAR) was subcioned into pUC18 and used as a dominant selectable marker for transformation of wild-type sensitive strains. Transformants arose at frequencies of approximately 5 per μg of DNA, were integrative in nature and were mitotically stable. Some transformants showed a marked reduction in vigour, both in the presence and absence of MBC; this is thought to arise from overproduction of β-tubulin. The S. nodorum tubAR gene also conferred MBC resistance on the related species Leptosphaeria maculans, a pathogen of Brassica, following its introduction by cotransformation. Probing digested S. nodorum DNA with tubAR at low stringency revealed only a single β-tubulin gene. We anticipate that tubAR will prove a useful tool for the investigation of the pathogenicity of S. nodorum and other fungi.
An optimized chattering free sliding mode controller to suppress torsional vibrations in drilling strings (2011)

The discontinuous control signal in a sliding mode controller causes significant problems of chattering. A smooth control signal is important if the controller is to suppress torsional vibrations in drillstrings. This is mandatory to avoid placing the expensive top-drive under loads of oscillatory torque; maintaining its integrity and minimizing maintenance costs. A chattering free sliding-mode controller optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) routine is proposed to avoid bit sticking phenomena and in addition, provide a smooth control signal to the top drive system. In this work, a discontinuous lumped-parameter torsional model of four degrees of freedom is considered, and the bit-rock contact is taken to be a variation of the Stribeck friction together with the dry friction model.
Retinoic acid potentiates phorbol ester-mediated induction of urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 in human myeloid leukemic cell lines (1993)

We investigated the interactive regulation of the plasminogen activators (PAs) and their inhibitors (PAIs) by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in the presence and absence of the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), in four developmentally distinct human myeloid leukemic cell lines. Treatment of HL-60, K562, THP-1, and U937 cells with PMA resulted in an induction of urokinase-type PA (u-PA), the u-PA receptor (u-PAR), and PAI types 1 and 2 (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The addition of RA alone failed to alter gene expression or antigen production of PAI-1, PAI-2, or u-PAR. However, RA potentiated PMA-mediated induction of PAI-2 mRNA in HL-60 and U937 cells and PAI-2 antigen in all four cell lines. The effect of PMA on u-PA mRNA was also potentiated by RA in HL-60 and U937 cells. A similar, but transient, effect was seen on u-PA antigen levels. Run-on transcription analysis confirmed that these effects were due at least in part to changes in gene template activity. Furthermore, RA did not potentiate the effects of PMA on either u-PAR or PAI-1. In fact, in U937 cells, RA inhibited PMA-induced PAI-1 antigen secretion by approximately 60%. It would seem that interactive regulation of these genes allows for greater diversity of control, which may, in turn, be required for localized control of plasminogen-dependent extracellular proteolysis generated by monocytes/macrophage during cell migration and tissue remodeling.
Porcine Models of Cutaneous Wound Healing (2015)

Cutaneous wound healing in the pig is frequently used as a model for human cutaneous wound healing. In this review, we examine the appropriateness of this model for studying normal and pathological wound healing, and describe models for chronic nonhealing wounds, diabetic wounds, burns, and hypertrophic scars. In addition, we focus on studies that have used pigs to evaluate wound-healing therapies, and discuss genetic engineering technology in the pig that may advance our knowledge of wound healing. We conclude that, although not perfect, the pig offers a versatile model that can be adjusted to mimic a wide range of clinical scenarios.
Prognostic significance of HER-2 oncoprotein expression in breast cancer: a 30-year follow-up. (1992)

HER-2 oncoprotein expression has long-term prognostic significance for predicting poor survival in BC, and it has an independent prognostic value among patients who presented with axillary nodal metastases. This result is contradictory to the argument that HER-2 expression is only a marker for drug resistance because the patients were not given adjuvant drug therapy.
An Adaptive Quasi-Sliding-Mode Rotor Position Observer-Based Sensorless Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2013)

Advantages such as parameter insensitivity and high robustness to system structure uncertainty make the sliding-mode observer (SMO) a promising solution for sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). In practical industry applications, in order to utilize digital controllers and achieve comparable performance under a lower sampling frequency, a discrete-time or quasi-SMO (QSMO) is commonly used. However, because of the saliency of an IPMSM, the magnitude of the extended electromotive force (EMF) will change with load (torque and/or speed) variations, which makes it challenging for the QSMO to estimate the extended EMF accurately. Without proper observer parameters, a phase shift will be observed in the QSMO-estimated rotor position when the load changes. In order to overcome this problem, an adaptive QSMO using an online parameter adaption scheme is proposed to estimate the extended EMF components in an IPMSM, which are then used to estimate the rotor position of the IPMSM. The resulting position estimation has zero phase lags and is highly robust to load variations. The proposed adaptive QSMO is implemented on a 150-kW IPMSM drive system used in heavy-duty, off-road, hybrid electric vehicles. Testing results for ramp torque changes, four-quadrant operations, and complete torque reversals between full motoring and full braking modes are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control algorithm.
Microbiology of the Sulfur Cycle (1986)

This chapter presents summary of microbial aspects of the sulfur (S) cycle in soils with emphasis on oxidation and reduction of S and microbiology of volatile S compounds. The primary reduced S compounds found in soils are sulfides, such as metal sulfides or hydrogen sulfide (H2S), elemental sulfur, thiosulphate, tetrathionate, and sulfite. For additional information on phototrophic green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) and phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae), reviews by Phennig and Triiper should be consulted. There are two primary mechanisms for the biological reduction of oxidized s molecules: assimilatory reduction of SO4 2- into the thiol groups of organic compounds and dissimilatory reduction of SO4 2- in which H2S is excreted by cells. Oxidation of these compounds under aerobic conditions can be both chemical (abiotic), microbiological (biotic), or a combination of both. The chapter summarizes the microbiology of inorganic and organic S gases in soils.
Epigenetic regulator MLL2 shows altered expression in cancer cell lines and tumors from human breast and colon (2010)

Our study indicates that elevated levels of MLL2 in the breast and colon cells are associated with malignancy in these tissues, in contrast to MLL involvement in haematopoietic cancer. In addition, both abnormal cellular localization of MLL2 and incomplete proteolytic processing may be associated with tumor growth/progression in breast and colonic tissues. This involvement of MLL2 in malignancy may be another example of the role of epigenetic regulators in cancer.
P-glycoprotein-associated Cl- currents are activated by cell swelling but do not contribute to cell volume regulation. (1994)

P-glycoprotein-associated Cl- conductance is activated by cell swelling; the ensuing Cl- efflux is thought to contribute to cell volume regulation. We tested this hypothesis in human breast cancer cells transfected with human mdr1 complementary DNA, which display P-glycoprotein-associated, swelling-activated Cl- currents. The Cl- electrochemical driving force favors Cl- efflux, but there was no appreciable Cl- loss or regulatory volume decrease (both assessed with fluorescent dyes) during the exposure to hyposmotic solution. Calculations indicate that the swelling-activated Cl- current is insufficient to cause a significant Cl- efflux. Hence, regulatory volume decrease is not a function of P-glycoprotein.
Rice XA21 Binding Protein 3 Is a Ubiquitin Ligase Required for Full <i>Xa21</i>-Mediated Disease Resistance (2006)

XA21 is a receptor-like kinase protein in rice (Oryza sativa) that confers gene-for-gene resistance to specific races of the causal agent of bacterial blight disease, Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. We identified XA21 binding protein 3 (XB3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a substrate for the XA21 Ser and Thr kinase. The interaction between XB3 and the kinase domain of XA21 has been shown in yeast and in vitro, and the physical association between XB3 and XA21 in vivo has also been confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays. XB3 contains an ankyrin repeat domain and a RING finger motif that is sufficient for its interaction with the kinase domain of XA21 and for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, respectively. Transgenic plants with reduced expression of the Xb3 gene are compromised in resistance to the avirulent race of X. oryzae pv oryzae. Furthermore, reduced levels of Xb3 lead to decreased levels of the XA21 protein. These results indicate that Xb3 is necessary for full accumulation of the XA21 protein and for Xa21-mediated resistance.
Polyaniline-Based Highly Sensitive Microbial Biosensor for Selective Detection of Lindane (2012)

A highly sensitive, selective, and rapid, whole-cell-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of the persistent organochlorine pesticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), commonly known as lindane. The gene linA2 encoding the enzyme γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dehydrochlorinase (LinA2), involved in the initial steps of lindane (γ-HCH) biotransformation, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli . The lindane-biodegrading E. coli cells were immobilized on polyaniline film. The rapid and selective degradation of lindane and concomitant generation of hydrochloric acid by the recombinant E. coli cells in the microenvironment of polyaniline led to a change in its conductivity, which was monitored by pulsed amperometry. The biosensor could detect lindane in the part-per-trillion concentration range with a linear response from 2 to 45 ppt. The sensor was found to be selective to all the isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and to pentachlorocyclohexane (PCCH) but did not respond to other aliphatic and aromatic chlorides or to the end product of lindane degradation, i.e., trichlorobenzene (TCB). The sensor also did not respond to other commonly used organochlorine pesticides like DDT and DDE. On the basis of experimental results, a rationale has been proposed for the excellent sensitivity of polyaniline as a pH sensor for detection of H(+) ions released in its microenvironment.
An Iterative Decomposed Piecewise‐Linear Model Description (2009)

A model description for the representation of one‐dimensional piecewise‐linear characteristics is presented. The model can be denoted as a decomposed one, because the independent and dependent variables of the PWL characteristic are treated separately. It is also called iterative, because the particular representation of each segment of the PWL characteristic depends on the value of only one parameter included in the mathematical formulation, it gives the possibility of modeling both, univalued and multivalued PWL characteristics.
Egyptian dynasties (1894)

Journal Article Egyptian dynasties Get access Richard Hemming Richard Hemming Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-V, Issue 121, 21 April 1894, Page 307, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-V.121.307h Published: 21 April 1894
Immunosuppressive activity of the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii. III. Suppression of graft-versus-host disease in murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by the PG27 extract (2002)

PG27 treatment for only 14 days prevented GVHD induction and development and produced long-term survival. PG27 largely normalized splenic T lymphocyte subsets, reduced allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and increased IL-4 production capability. PG27 may suppress GVHD by the induction of anergy and a deviation away from a proinflammatory phenotype, which could be reflected in the increased potential for IL-4 production.
A conditionally lethal yeast mutant blocked at the first step in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis. (1994)

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositols (GPIs) anchor many proteins to the surface of eukaryotic cells and may also serve as sorting signals on proteins and participate in signal transduction. We have isolated a Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI anchoring mutant, gpi1, using a colony screen for cells blocked in [3H]inositol incorporation into protein. The gpi1 mutant is defective in vitro in the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol, the first intermediate in GPI synthesis, and is also temperature-sensitive for growth. Completion of the first step in GPI assembly is therefore required for growth of the unicellular eukaryote S. cerevisiae. GPI synthesis could therefore be exploited as a target for antifungal or antiparasitic agents.
A scanning electron microscopic study on three-dimensional organization of human diaphragmatic lymphatics. (1993)

Three-dimensional organization of diaphragmatic lymphatics in five fetuses was studied by the lymphatic casts of scanning electron microscope. A new resin consisting of piperylene, acrylic ester and styrene was used instead of Mercox. The diaphragmatic lymphatics formed rich networks in the muscular portion. There were two layers of lymphatic networks, i.e. the submesothelial network and the deeper network and only one layer in the tendinous portion of the diaphragm. The lymphatic networks were more dense in the tendinous portion than these in the muscular portion. The lymphatics were mainly composed of main lymphatic vessels and anastomosing side branches. The side branches often communicated the submesothelial network with the deeper network in the muscular portion. The main lymphatics were connected at regular intervals by way of transverse side branches in the tendinous portion. Numerous constrictions and notches showing the presence of lymphatic valves were often found on the cast surface of the main lymphatic vessels and the side branches. The lymphatics extended as far as the terminal branches, i.e. the lymphatic lacunae recognized as broad, flattened and blind-ended. In the present study, three-dimensional organization of human diaphragmatic lymphatics was for the first time described. It was suggested that the passageway of the lymph flow out of the peritoneal cavity may be explained. From the peritoneal stomata, the lymph of the peritoneal cavity flowed into the channels under the peritoneum, then into the lymphatic lacunae and finally into the lymphatic networks under the diaphragmatic pleura.
Fabrication of Dye-Dispersed Optical-Quality Polymer Films by Coprecipitation of Cyanine Dye with Polymers (1994)

3,3'-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide (DODCI)-dissolved polymer powders were formed by coprecipitation of DODCI with polymers [poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA), etc.]. An acetone solution of DODCI in which a purified polymer was also dissolved was injected into a large amount of n-hexane. The precipitated powder in n-hexane was filtered and then dried under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), and formed into a thin film by a hot-press method [Hiraga et al. : Chem. Lett. (1990) 2255]. Another method for preparing a powder by coprecipitation has successfully been developed using a vacuum process. The acetone solution of DODCI and polymer was directly injected into UHV from the liquid phase through a modified needle valve. Deposits were formed on a heat-controlled substrate through quick evaporation of a carrier solvent and they were hot-pressed to produce a thin transparent film. Condensed states of DODCI associates in these films have been analyzed by optical absorption and emission, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and NMR spectroscopy. A new technique to control the arrangement of dye associates in three-dimensional space has been proposed.
Structure and Stability of Self-Assembled Actin-Lysozyme Complexes in Salty Water (2005)

Interactions between actin, an anionic polyelectrolyte, and lysozyme, a cationic globular protein, have been examined using a combination of synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. Lysozyme initially bridges pairs of actin filaments, which relax into hexagonally coordinated columnar complexes comprised of actin held together by incommensurate one-dimensional close-packed arrays of lysozyme macroions. These complexes are found to be stable even in the presence of significant concentrations of monovalent salt, which is quantitatively explained from a redistribution of salt between the condensed and the aqueous phases.
Segmenting a low-depth-of-field image using morphological filters and region merging (2005)

We propose a novel algorithm to partition an image with low depth-of-field (DOF) into focused object-of-interest (OOI) and defocused background. The proposed algorithm unfolds into three steps. In the first step, we transform the low-DOF image into an appropriate feature space, in which the spatial distribution of the high-frequency components is represented. This is conducted by computing higher order statistics (HOS) for all pixels in the low-DOF image. Next, the obtained feature space, which is called HOS map in this paper, is simplified by removing small dark holes and bright patches using a morphological filter by reconstruction. Finally, the OOI is extracted by applying region merging to the simplified image and by thresholding. Unlike the previous methods that rely on sharp details of OOI only, the proposed algorithm complements the limitation of them by using morphological filters, which also allows perfect preservation of the contour information. Compared with the previous methods, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, supporting faster processing.