gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Economics of Security Patch Management. (2006)

Patch management is a crucial component of IT security programs. An important problem within this context is to determine how often to update the systems with necessary patches. Keeping the systems patched with more frequent patch updates increases operational costs while reducing security risks. On the other hand, leaving the systems unpatched with less frequent patch updates decreases operational costs while increasing security risks. In this paper we develop a game theoretic model to derive the optimal frequency of patch updates to balance the operational costs and damage costs associated with security vulnerabilities. We first analyze a centralized system in a benchmark case to find the socially optimal patch management policy and associated patch release cycle of the vendor and patch update cycle of the firm. Then we consider a noncentralized system in which the vendor determines its patch release policy and the firm selects its patch update policy in a Stackelberg framework. Given the results in centralized and noncentralized patch management, we next address how we can coordinate the patch release policy of the vendor and the patch update policy of the firm using cost sharing and/or liability to achieve the socially optimal patch management in a noncentralized setting.
Opioid-Induced Cardioprotection Occurs via Glycogen Synthase Kinase β Inhibition During Reperfusion in Intact Rat Hearts (2004)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) inhibition produced by ischemic preconditioning has been previously shown to be regulated through phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). Therefore, we determined whether opioid-induced cardioprotection (OIC) occurs during reperfusion by altering GSK phosphorylation through PI3K and target of rapamycin (TOR). Furthermore, we determined if selective GSK inhibitors, SB216763(SB21) or SB415286(SB41), emulate OIC. Rats were treated with the nonselective opioid agonist, morphine (MOR, 0.3 mg/kg), the delta-selective opioid agonist BW373U86 (BW, 1 mg/kg), or the GSK inhibitors, SB21 (0.6 mg/kg) or SB41(1.0 mg/kg), either 10 minutes before ischemia or 5 minutes before reperfusion. Five minutes before opioid or SB21 treatment, some rats received either the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (15 microg/kg) or LY294002 (0.3 mg/kg) or the TOR inhibitor rapamycin (3 microg/kg). After 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was assessed. MOR, BW, SB41, and SB21 reduced infarct size compared with vehicle when administered before ischemia (42.9+/-2.6, 40.3+/-2.3, 46.6+/-1.6, 42.2+/-1.8 versus 60.0+/-1.1%, respectively; P<0.001) and showed similar protection when administered 5 minutes before reperfusion (43.6+/-2.3, 40.2+/-2.6, 44.8+/-2.8, 39.4+/-0.8%, respectively; P<0.001). Wortmannin, LY294002, and rapamycin were found to inhibit OIC; however, they did not abrogate SB21-induced infarct size reduction. At 5 minutes of reperfusion, both MOR and BW increased P-GSKbeta at Ser9 in the ischemic zone compared with vehicle (181+/-20, 178+/-15 versus 75+/-17 DU, respectively; P<0.05), and this effect was abrogated by prior administration of wortmannin or rapamycin in MOR-treated rats. Furthermore, no differences were seen in phosphorylation of GSKalpha (Ser21 or Tyr279) or phosphorylation of GSKbeta (Tyr216). These data indicate that OIC occurs via the phosphorylation of GSKbeta at Ser9 during reperfusion.
Expression of IAPs and Alternative Splice Variants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues and Cells (2004)

IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) might have a major role in the apoptotic resistance that marks many cancers. The studies on IAPs in human HCC have focused on survivin or XIAP, indicating that their new or increased expression in this tumor is associated with a more unfavorable prognosis. The present results corroborate these findings, emphasizing the role that the coordinated expression of different IAPs and alternative splice variants might play in the adverse biology of hepatocellular carcinoma.
A 29-year-old woman with a pelvic mass and altered mental status (2014)

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Graph Convolution: A High-Order and Adaptive Approach (2017)

In this paper, we presented a novel convolutional neural network framework for graph modeling, with the introduction of two new modules specially designed for graph-structured data: the $k$-th order convolution operator and the adaptive filtering module. Importantly, our framework of High-order and Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network (HA-GCN) is a general-purposed architecture that fits various applications on both node and graph centrics, as well as graph generative models. We conducted extensive experiments on demonstrating the advantages of our framework. Particularly, our HA-GCN outperforms the state-of-the-art models on node classification and molecule property prediction tasks. It also generates 32% more real molecules on the molecule generation task, both of which will significantly benefit real-world applications such as material design and drug screening.
A multi-chip packaged GaAs 16*16 bit parallel multiplier (2002)

A GaAs 16*16 16-bit parallel multiplier utilizing multichip packaging technology is demonstrated. This multichip approach was taken in an effort to realize GaAs ULSIs with high yield and reliability, using multiple smaller scale integrated circuits. The device is composed of four GaAs 8*8-bit expandable parallel multipliers and a multichip package (MCP). The developed 8*8 multipliers consist of 1097 enhancement/depletion DCFL (directly coupled FET logic) gates each, and have a 3.4 ns multiplication time. The developed MCP is composed of five layers of alumina ceramic which include 50 Omega striplines. The multiplication time of this 16*16-bit multichip multiplier is 7.6 ns, and the total production yield is 70%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Complete Plus-Minus: A Case Study of The Columbus Blue Jackets (2013)

A new hockey statistic termed the Complete Plus-Minus (CPM) was created to calculate the abilities of hockey players in the National Hockey League (NHL). This new statistic was used to analyze the Columbus Blue Jackets for the 2011-2012 season. The CPM for the Blue Jackets was created using two logistic regressions that modeled a goal being scored for and against the Blue Jackets. Whether a goal was scored for or against the team were the responses, while events on the ice were the predictors in the model. It was found that the team's poor performance was due to a weak defense and severe underperformances by key players.
Menopause versus chronologic aging: their roles in women's health (2018)

Thurston, Rebecca C. PhD; Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie A. PhD, MPH; Derby, Carol A. PhD; El Khoudary, Samar R. PhD, MPH; Kravitz, Howard M. DO, MPH; Manson, JoAnn E. MD, DrPH, NCMP
OCT-elastography-based optical biopsy for breast cancer delineation and express assessment of morphological/molecular subtypes (2019)

Application of compressional optical coherence elastography (OCE) for delineation of tumor and peri-tumoral tissue with simultaneous assessment of morphological/molecular subtypes of breast cancer is reported. The approach is based on the ability of OCE to quantitatively visualize stiffness of studied samples and then to perform a kind of OCE-based biopsy by analyzing elastographic B-scans that have sizes ~several millimeters similarly to bioptates used for "gold-standard" histological examinations. The method relies on identification of several main tissue constituents differing in their stiffness in the OCE scans. Initially the specific stiffness ranges for the analyzed tissue components (adipose tissue, fibrous and hyalinized tumor stroma, lymphocytic infiltrate and agglomerates of tumor cells) are determined via comparison of OCE and morphological/molecular data. Then assessment of non-tumor/tumor regions and tumor subtypes is made based on percentage of pixels with different characteristic stiffness ("stiffness spectrum") in the OCE image, also taking into account spatial localization of different-stiffness regions. Examples of high contrast among benign (or non-invasive) and several subtypes of invasive breast tumors in terms of their stiffness spectra are given.
Calcification of Liposomes and Red Cell Ghosts In Vitro and In Vivo (1993)

To study the role of membranous phospholipids in calcification , liposomes made of phosphatidylserine and red blood cell ghosts (RBCG) prepared from rat and canine blood were incubated in minimal essential medium (MEM) with 2 .5 mM (mmol/l) calcium and 1.3 mM phosphate, pH 7.4 (MEM-2.5), and homologous (rat) or autologous (canine) plasma filtrate (serum) at 37°C for up to 1 week. Calcification was determined by electron probe microanalysis , electron diffraction, and depletions of calcium and phosphate from MEM-2.5 and sera. Liposomes and rat-RBCG incubated in MEM-2.5 and serum calcified in a week, whereas isolated collagen and elastin did not. Liposomes and rat-RBCG implanted in rat peritoneal cavities calcified in 4 weeks. Calcification of both liposomes and RBCG under identical conditions suggests that phospholipids in membrane may play a role in calcification. Canine RBCG incubated in MEM-2.5 and serum began to calcify on day one and grew heavier with further incubations . Calcification of.RBCG in autologous serum indicates that calcification is prevented by normal red cells. The capacity to prevent calcification by red cells is apparently abolished by removal, during RBCG preparation, of the cytoplasmic content.
An Algebraic Decoding Algorithm for Convolutional Codes (1999)

The class of convolutional codes generalizes the class of linear block codes in a natural way. The construction of convolutional codes which have a large free distance and which come with an efficient decoding algorithm is a major task. Contrary to the situation of linear block codes there exists only very few algebraic construction of convolutional codes.
The 68040 processor. 2. Memory design and chip (1990)

For pt.1 see ibid., February (1990). The memory subsystem, the external bus, chip and board testing, and design-verification methods for the 68040, a third-generation, full-32-bit microprocessor in the Motorola 68000 family, are discussed. The internal caches and memory management are examined at length. The external bus protocol, arbitration, snooping, and timing specifications are addressed. The MOVE16 instruction, which moves a cache line from one address (which may reside in the data cache) to another address outside the cache is described. User testing, based on dedicated test logic that is fully compliant with the IEEE 1149.1 standard, and factory testing, for which the processor employs structured design techniques for random logic and special test modes for embedded arrays, are examined. The use of top-down design and a hierarchical method of design verification is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cohesin and CTCF differentially affect chromatin architecture and gene expression in human cells (2013)

Recent studies of genome-wide chromatin interactions have revealed that the human genome is partitioned into many self-associating topological domains. The boundary sequences between domains are enriched for binding sites of CTCC-binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex, implicating these two factors in the establishment or maintenance of topological domains. To determine the role of cohesin and CTCF in higher-order chromatin architecture in human cells, we depleted the cohesin complex or CTCF and examined the consequences of loss of these factors on higher-order chromatin organization, as well as the transcriptome. We observed a general loss of local chromatin interactions upon disruption of cohesin, but the topological domains remain intact. However, we found that depletion of CTCF not only reduced intradomain interactions but also increased interdomain interactions. Furthermore, distinct groups of genes become misregulated upon depletion of cohesin and CTCF. Taken together, these observations suggest that CTCF and cohesin contribute differentially to chromatin organization and gene regulation.
Spacetime-coherent geometry reconstruction from multiple video streams (2004)

By reconstructing time-varying geometry one frame at a time, one ignores the continuity of natural motion, wasting useful information about the underlying video-image formation process and taking into account temporally discontinuous reconstruction results. In 4D spacetime, the surface of a dynamic object describes a continuous 3D hyper-surface. This hyper-surface can be implicitly defined as the minimum of an energy functional designed to optimize photo-consistency. Based on an Eider-Lagrange reformulation of the problem, we find this hyper-surface from a handful of synchronized video recordings. The resulting object geometry varies smoothly over time, and intermittently invisible object regions are correctly interpolated from previously and/or future frames.
A Multi-Channel, Implantable Microdrive System for Use With Sharp, Ultra-Fine “Reitboeck” Microelectrodes (2004)

Arrays of closely spaced quartz-insulated, platinum-tungsten microelectrodes are widely used to obtain acute recordings from chronically prepared subjects. These electrodes have excellent recording characteristics and can be fabricated to a wide variety of tip specifications. Typically, in such experiments, electrodes are introduced into, and removed from, the brain on a daily basis and, over many months of study, hundreds of penetrations may be made through an intact dura. This procedure has benefits as well as problems and risks. For some experimental aims, it might be desirable to leave the microelectrodes within the brain so that the penetrations could be continued on subsequent days. This would allow a more thorough and systematic exploration of the neurons that lie along the trajectory of each of the closely aligned electrodes and would minimize risks and preparation time associated with daily electrode insertions. Here we present a means for achieving this aim using arrays of sharp, flexible Reitboeck electrodes of extremely fine diameter (40-microm shaft diameter, pulled and ground to a fine tip). We show that these electrodes retain their excellent recording characteristics and can remain under microdrive control within the brain for periods of many months and, in one remarkable case, for >4 years.
Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Advances in Vaccine Development (2020)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe human disease with mortality rates of up to 30%. The disease is widespread in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The last few years have seen disease emergence in Spain for the first time and disease re-emergence in other regions of the world after periods of inactivity. Factors, such as climate change, movement of infected ticks, animals, and changes in human activity, are likely to broaden endemic foci. There are therefore concerns that CCHF might emerge in currently nonendemic regions. The absence of approved vaccines or therapies heightens these concerns; thus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is listed by the World Health Organization as a priority organism. However, the current sporadic nature of CCHF cases may call for targeted vaccination of risk groups as opposed to mass vaccinations. CCHF vaccine development has accelerated in recent years, partly because of the discovery of CCHF animal models. In this review, we discuss CCHF risk groups who are most likely to benefit from vaccine development, the merits and demerits of available CCHF animal models, and the various approaches which have been explored for CCHF vaccine development. Lastly, we present concluding remarks and research areas which can be further explored to enhance the available CCHFV vaccine data.
Nanoscale Alloying, Phase-Segregation, and Core−Shell Evolution of Gold−Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Electrocatalytic Effect on Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2010)

The design of active and robust bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts requires the control of the nanoscale alloying and phase-segregation structures and the correlation between the nanoscale phase structures and the catalytic properties. Here we describe new findings of a detailed investigation of such nanoscale phase structures and their structure−catalytic activity correlation for gold−platinum nanoparticles prepared with controllable sizes and compositions. The nanoscale alloying and phase-segregation were probed as a function of composition, size, and thermal treatment conditions using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical characterization, and density functional theory modeling. The results have provided the experimental evidence in support of the theoretically simulated dependence of alloying and phase segregation on particle size and temperature. More importantly, new insights have been gained into the control of the nanoscale phase properties of this bimetallic system among alloyed, partially alloyed, or partially phase segregated structures. In contrast to the largely alloyed character for the catalysts treated at 300−400 °C, the higher-temperature treated catalysts (e.g., 800 °C) are shown to consist of a Pt-rich alloy core and a Au shell or a phase-segregated Au domains enriched on the surface. This conclusion is further supported by the electrochemical and electrocatalytic data revealing that the catalytic activity is highly dependent on the nanoscale evolution of alloying and phase segregation. The thermal control of the nanoscale alloying, phase-segregation, and core−shell evolution of the nanoscale bimetallic catalysts provided the first example for establishing the correlation between the nanoscale phase structures and the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction correlation, which has profound implications to the design and nanoengineering of a wide variety of bimetallic or multimetallic nanostructures for advanced catalysts.
Push Extensions to the IMAP Protocol (P-IMAP) (2006)

Push Extensions to the IMAP protocol (P-IMAP) defines extensions to
the IMAPv4 Rev1 protocol [RFC3501] for optimization in a mobile
setting, aimed at delivering extended functionality for mobile devices
with limited resources. The first enhancement of P-IMAP is extended
support to push changes actively to a client, rather then requiring
the client to initiate contact to ask for state changes. In addition,
P-IMAP contains extensions for email filter management, message
delivery, and maintaining up-to-date personal information. Bindings to
specific transport are explicitly defined. Eventually P- IMAP aims at
being neutral to the network transport neutrality. P-IMAP is a
recommendation for interoperable intermediate implementations awaiting
[LEMONADEPROFILEBIS] or the realization of the OMA MEM enabler using
it.
Tension Test With Single-Crystalline-Silicon Microspecimen (1999)

Abstract Young’s moduli of single crystalline silicon in three major directions are measured by direct uniaxial tension tests using a microscale beam specimen. The 10 μm thick, 50 to 100 μm wide and 6 mm long tension specimens are micromachined along the three major crystal directions from two different types of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, (100) top layer and (110) top layer. A uniaxial tension loading frame is custom-built for the testing. Stress and strain are measured using a commercial load cell and a laser interferometry system, respectively. Measured Young’s moduli in 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 directions are 115.3, 169.2, and 191.1 GPa, respectively. Expected to be insensitive to the sample size or fabrication method, Young’s moduli of single crystalline silicon can be a good measure of the reliability of microspecimen tension test systems.
Metabolism of Diazirine-Modified <i>N</i>-Acetylmannosamine Analogues to Photo-Cross-Linking Sialosides (2011)

Terminal sialic acid residues often mediate the interactions of cell surface glycoconjugates. Sialic acid-dependent interactions typically exhibit rapid dissociation rates, precluding the use of traditional biological techniques for complex isolation. To stabilize these transient interactions, we employ a targeted photo-cross-linking approach in which a diazirine photo-cross-linker is incorporated into cell surface sialylated glycoconjugates through the use of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering. We describe three diazirine-modified N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogues in which the length of the linker between the pyranose ring and the diazirine was varied. These analogues were each metabolized to their respective sialic acid counterparts, which were added to both glycoproteins and glycolipids. Diazirine-modified sialic acid analogues could be incorporated into both α2-3 and α2-6 linkages. Upon exposure to UV irradiation, diazirine-modified glycoconjugates were covalently cross-linked to their interaction partners. We demonstrate that all three diazirine-modified analogues were capable of competing with endogeneous sialic acid, albeit to varying degrees. We found that larger analogues were less efficiently metabolized, yet could still function as effective cross-linkers. Notably, the addition of the diazirine substituent interferes with metabolism of ManNAc analogues to glycans other than sialosides, providing fidelity to selectively incorporate the cross-linker into sialylated molecules. These compounds are nontoxic and display only minimal growth inhibition at the concentrations required for cross-linking studies. This report provides essential information for the deployment of photo-cross-linking analogues to capture and study ephemeral, yet essential, sialic acid-mediated interactions.
Pentalysine-Grafted ROMP Polymers for DNA Complexation and Delivery (2008)

Amphiphilic graft polymers, containing oligolysine groups pendent to a hydrophobic polycyclooctene backbone, were used to form polyplexes with plasmid DNA pZsGreen1-N1. These poly(cyclooctene- graft-pentalysine) structures were found to be effective transfection reagents for COS-1 and HeLa cells. In the case of polymer 1e (average degree of polymerization of 206), protein expression levels 48 h post-transfection were found to be comparable to, or better than, commercial transfection reagents jetPEI and SuperFect. With HeLa cells, GFP expression levels were better than Lipofectamine 2000. Of particular interest was the excellent cell viability seen in experiments with polyplexes formed from the pentalysine-grafted polymers. In the example of the highest molecular weight graft copolymer, polymer 1e, cell viability relative to untreated cells was 99% with COS-1 cells and 92% with HeLa cells in contrast to the commercial reagents, which gave 67-80% with COS-1 cells and 17-52% with HeLa cells. The effectiveness of these polyolefin- graft-pentalysine structures as DNA delivery vehicles is attributed to their amphiphilic nature and branched architecture.