gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Implementation Study of an Analog CMOS Detector for IR-UWB Non-Coherent Receiver (2007)

This paper presents an implementation study of an analog pulse detector operating in the 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band for a multi-band OOK receiver. The receiver's characteristics are in conformity with the specifications of UWB High Data Rates applications in terms of low cost and low power consumption. For that we especially focus on CMOS technology. This detector includes three stages: squarer, current amplification and integration. CADENCE's spectre simulation results in 0.35 μm CMOS technology are presented to validate this very low complexity approach. This detector consumes only 0.6 mW per sub-band with a ±1.8 V supply for the amplifier core. Also, theoretical studies are given. In particular, transistors mismatches and imperfection of the squarer and amplification stages are identified in order to evaluate their effects on the global circuit performances. Monte-Carlo simulation results are given in order to enforce the analytical studies.
Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis (2013)

A platform consisting of a halogen lamp, a low temperature plasma (LTP) probe, and a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer (RIT-MS) has been constructed and evaluated to detect organic and inorganic explosives on solid surfaces. This platform features two attractive characteristics: high sensitivity for the explosives with low volatility, and rapid analysis speed for the explosives on large surface areas. With non-contact heating by the halogen lamp, the signal intensities for the explosives with relatively high volatility were improved by over an order of magnitude, compared to those obtained at room temperature; and even more, the explosives with low volatility, which could hardly be detected at room temperature, were able to be readily identified. The limits of detection (LODs) of the selected explosives were all at the picogram level (e.g., 10 pg and 20 pg for TNT and RDX, respectively) with a heating time of 3 s. Using manual surface swabbing, the analysis of explosives on a large surface area (7.5 cm × 2.5 cm) was accomplished within 10 s, and an acceptable sensitivity could be acquired; additionally, inorganic explosives (black powder and firecracker) were successfully detected. Without any sample pretreatment, the platform was used to analyze the wastewater from an explosives factory, confirming the existence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and the concentration of TNT was determined to be 5 ng mL(-1). All these results indicated that the proposed platform was a promising technique for security monitoring and environmental analysis.
The duodenum. Part 1: History, embryogenesis, and histologic and physiologic features. (1989)

Long before the Christian era, the duodenum was named and its function in controlling gastric emptying was conjectured. It received almost no further attention until the Eighteenth century when its relation to the bile and pancreatic ducts became know. The embryogenesis of the duodenum and the histological features of the organ are described as well as the gross movements that explain the mature relations of the duodenum to the surrounding structures. The "sphincters" of the duodenum are mentioned and evaluated.
Ultrafine nanoporous gold by low-temperature dealloying and kinetics of nanopore formation (2007)

A low-temperature dealloying technique was developed to tailor the characteristic length scale of nanoporous gold for advanced functional applications. By systematically investigating the kinetics of nanopore formation during free corrosion, the authors experimentally demonstrated that the dealloying process is controlled by the diffusion of gold atoms at alloy/electrolyte interfaces, which strongly relies on the reaction temperatures. Low dealloying temperatures significantly reduce the interfacial diffusivity of gold atoms and result in an ultrafine nanoporous structure that has been proved to be useful with improved chemical and physical properties.
Molecular Evidence for Independent Occurrence of IS <i>6110</i> Insertions at the Same Sites of the Genome of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Different Clinical Isolates (2001)

Several characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (e.g., conserved genome and low growth rate) have severely restricted the study of the microorganism. The discovery of IS6110 raised hopes of overcoming these obstacles. However, our knowledge of this IS element is relatively limited; even its two basic characteristics (transposition mechanism and target site selection) are far from well understood. In this study, IS6110 insertions in ipl loci (iplA and iplB) in two collections of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different geographic locations, one from Scotland and the other from Thailand, were investigated. Five different IS6110 insertions in the loci were identified: ipl-4::IS6110, ipl-5::IS6110, ipl-11::IS6110, ipl-12::IS6110, and ipl-13::IS6110. An attempt to establish the phylogenetic relationship of the isolates containing these insertions was unsuccessful, suggesting that some of these insertions may have arisen from more than one event. This possibility is further supported by the observation that IS6110 copies existed in the same site but with different orientations in different isolates, and the insertion site of ipl-1::IS6110 harbored IS6110 copies in both iplA and iplB in different strains. All these suggest the independent occurrence of IS6110 insertions at the same sites of the genome of M. tuberculosis in different clinical isolates. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Stem-like Cells in Human Hepatoblastoma (2004)

Hepatoblastoma is a pediatric liver tumor with epithelial components resembling embryonal and fetal liver cells. The existence of teratoid hepatoblastoma suggests the presence of stem cells in hepatoblastoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of stem cell markers in hepatoblastomas. We studied specimens from 10 hepatoblastomas. Five of the hepatoblastomas were of epithelial and five of mixed type. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the stem cell markers CD34, Thy1, c-kit, and the hepatic or biliary lineage markers CK-18, OCH, CK-7, and CD56 was performed. Double IHC for stem cell and lineage markers was used to identify putative liver stem cells. The different markers showed distinct distributions on the tumor cells. Cells in atypical ducts were found to express simultaneously stem cell markers and hepatocytic or biliary lineage markers. Other cells in connective tissue showed c-kit expression, but not hepatic or biliary marker expression. The data show the presence of different cell populations bearing stem cell markers in human hepatoblastoma. Ductal cells co-expressing stem cell markers and hepatic lineage markers phenotypically resemble hepatic stem-like cells. These findings support the thesis that stem cells play a role in the histogenesis of hepatoblastoma.
Nephron Number in Patients with Primary Hypertension (2003)

The data support the hypothesis that the number of nephrons is reduced in white patients with primary hypertension.
Optical add-drop multiplexers and multi-wavelength optical sources for WDM transmission systems (1998)

We describe recent progress on silica-based arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) and multi-wavelength optical sources for dense-WDM systems. We report a practical loop-back type 31-ch AWG ADM and an all integrated-optic type 16-ch AWG ADM. We also describe tunable AWG lasers and hybrid integrated multi-wavelength lasers which employ waveguide gratings.
Perlecan, the “jack of all trades” proteoglycan of cartilaginous weight‐bearing connective tissues (2008)

Perlecan is a ubiquitous proteoglycan of basement membrane and vascularized tissues but is also present in articular cartilage, meniscus and intervertebral disc, which are devoid of basement membrane and predominantly avascular. It is a prominent pericellular proteoglycan in the transitory matrix of the cartilaginous rudiments that develop into components of diarthrodial joints and the axial skeleton, and it forms intricate perichondrial vessel networks that define the presumptive articulating surfaces of developing joints and line the cartilage canals in cartilaginous rudiments. Such vessels have roles in the nutrition of the expanding cell numbers in the developing joint. Perlecan sequesters a number of growth factors pericellularly (FGFs, PDGF, VEGF and CTGF) and through these promotes cell signalling, cell proliferation and differentiation. Perlecan also interacts with a diverse range of extracellular matrix proteins, stabilising and organising the ECM, and promoting collagen fibrillogenesis. Perlecan is a prominent pericellular component of mesenchymal cells from their earliest developmental stages through to maturation, forming cell-cell and cell-ECM interconnections that are suggestive of a role in mechanosensory processes important to tissue homeostasis.
LSTM, GRU, Highway and a Bit of Attention: An Empirical Overview for Language Modeling in Speech Recognition (2016)

Popularized by the long short-term memory (LSTM), multiplicative gates have become a standard means to design artificial neural networks with intentionally organized information flow.Notable examples of such architectures include gated recurrent units (GRU) and highway networks.In this work, we first focus on the evaluation of each of the classical gated architectures for language modeling for large vocabulary speech recognition.Namely, we evaluate the highway network, lateral network, LSTM and GRU.Furthermore, the motivation underlying the highway network also applies to LSTM and GRU.An extension specific to the LSTM has been recently proposed with an additional highway connection between the memory cells of adjacent LSTM layers.In contrast, we investigate an approach which can be used with both LSTM and GRU: a highway network in which the LSTM or GRU is used as the transformation function.We found that the highway connections enable both standalone feedforward and recurrent neural language models to benefit better from the deep structure and provide a slight improvement of recognition accuracy after interpolation with count models.To complete the overview, we include our initial investigations on the use of the attention mechanism for learning word triggers.
Differential patterns of filaggrin expression in lamellar ichthyosis (1998)

Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a rare genetic and congenital disturbance of keratinization that is phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. Filaggrin is one of the major components of the stratum corneum situated in the protein matrix and the cornified envelope. In view of the heterogeneity of LI, this study aimed at exploring filaggrin expression in the skin of patients suffering from the disease. Epidermal filaggrin expression was determined using immunohistochemical techniques and Western blot in 12 patients with LI and the findings were compared with those observed in four normal controls and eight patients with ichthyosis vulgaris. With Western blot, six different patterns of filaggrin expression were detected. The patients with similar clinical manifestations showed a similar pattern, as did members of the same family. Overall, higher filaggrin expression in scales correlated with a better prognosis. In patients receiving retinoids no variations in filaggrin expression during treatment were detected. Our results suggest that LI is heterogeneous as regards filaggrin expression. Filaggrin could therefore be used as a prognostic marker as well as being a marker of the basic defect involved in LI.
Increased expression of alternatively spliced dominant-negative isoform of SRF in human failing hearts (2002)

Serum response factor (SRF) has been shown to play a key role in cardiac cell growth and muscle gene regulation. To understand the role of SRF in heart failure, we compared its expression pattern between control and failing human heart samples. Western blot analysis of control samples showed expression of four different isoforms of SRF, with ~67-kDa full-length SRF being the predominant isoform. Interestingly, in failing hearts we found robust expression of a low-molecular-mass (~52 kDa) SRF isoform, accompanied by decreased expression of full-length SRF. By RT-PCR and Southern blot analyses, we characterized this ~52-kDa SRF isoform as being encoded by an alternatively spliced form of SRF lacking exons 4 and 5 of the SRF primary RNA transcript (SRF-Delta4,5 isoform). We cloned SRF-Delta4,5 cDNA and showed that overexpression of this isoform into cells inhibits SRF-dependent activation of cardiac muscle genes. These results suggest that expression of SRF-Delta4,5 in failing hearts may in part contribute to impaired cardiac gene expression and consequently to the pathogenesis of heart failure.
A cGANs-Based Scene Reconstruction Model Using Lidar Point Cloud (2017)

Road scene reconstruction is a fundamental and crucial module at the perception phase for autonomous vehicles, and will influence the later phase, such as object detection, motion planing and path planing. Traditionally, self-driving car uses Lidar, camera or fusion of the two kinds of sensors for sensing the environment. However, single Lidar or camera-based approaches will miss crucial information, and the fusion-based approaches often consume huge computing resources. We firstly propose a conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs)-based deep learning model that can rebuild rich semantic scene images from upsampled Lidar point clouds only. This makes it possible to remove cameras to reduce resource consumption and improve the processing rate. Simulation on the KITTI dataset also demonstrates that our model can reestablish color imagery from a single Lidar point cloud, and is effective enough for real time sensing on autonomous driving vehicles.
Exploiting E-mail Structure to Improve Summarization (2002)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a system to summarize e-mail messages. The system exploits two aspects of e-mail, thread reply chains and commonly-found features, to generate summaries. The system uses existing software designed to summarize single text documents. Such software typically performs best on well-authored, formal documents. E-mail messages, however, are typically neither well-authored, nor formal. As a result, existing summarization software gives a poor summary of e-mail messages. To remedy this poor performance, our system pre-processes email messages using heuristics to remove e-mail signatures, header fields, and quoted text from parent messages. We also present a heuristics-based approach to identifying and reporting names, dates, and companies found in e-mail messages. Lastly, we discuss conclusions from a pilot user study of the summarization system, and conclude with areas for further investigation.
Plasticity in Structural and Functional Interactions between the Phosphoprotein and Nucleoprotein of Measles Virus (2012)

The measles virus (MeV) phosphoprotein (P) tethers the polymerase to the nucleocapsid template for transcription and genome replication. Binding of P to nucleocapsid is mediated by the X domain of P (XD) and a conserved sequence (Box-2) within the C-terminal domain of the nucleoprotein (N(TAIL)). XD binding induces N(TAIL) α-helical folding, which in turn has been proposed to stabilize the polymerase-nucleocapsid complex, with cycles of binding and release required for transcription and genome replication. The current work directly assessed the relationships among XD-induced N(TAIL) folding, XD-N(TAIL) binding affinity, and polymerase activity. Amino acid substitutions that abolished XD-induced N(TAIL) α-helical folding were created within Box-2 of Edmonston MeV N(TAIL). Polymerase activity in minireplicons was maintained despite a 35-fold decrease in XD-N(TAIL) binding affinity or reduction/loss of XD-induced N(TAIL) alpha-helical folding. Recombinant infectious virus was recovered for all mutants, and transcriptase elongation rates remained within a 1.7-fold range of parent virus. Box-2 mutations did however impose a significant cost to infectivity, reflected in an increase in the amount of input genome required to match the infectivity of parent virus. Diminished infectivity could not be attributed to changes in virion protein composition or production of defective interfering particles, where changes from parent virus were within a 3-fold range. The results indicated that MeV polymerase activity, but not infectivity, tolerates amino acid changes in the XD-binding region of the nucleoprotein. Selectional pressure for conservation of the Box-2 sequence may thus reflect a role in assuring the fidelity of polymerase functions or the assembly of viral particles required for optimal infectivity.
Models for diiron-oxo proteins: the peroxide adduct of Fe2(HPTB)(OH)(NO3)4 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels for diiron-oxo proteins: the peroxide adduct of Fe2(HPTB)(OH)(NO3)4Bridget A. Brennan, Qiuhao Chen, Carlos Juarez-Garcia, Anne E. True, Charles J. O'Connor, and Lawrence Que Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 8, 1937–1943Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00008a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00008a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Noise in hybrid photodiode array: CCD x-ray image detectors for digital mammography</title> (1996)

Phosphor based detectors proposed for digital mammography require multiple energy conversion and coupling stages which degrade imaging performance. We are investigating the potential of a hybrid photodiode array-CCD which will overcome this problem. The photodiode converts the x-ray energy directly into charge which is stored in the CCD. The detector is used in a slot-scan configuration to image the entire breast. Due to the large amount of charge generated in the photodiode, a charge divider is incorporated on the CCD to prevent detector saturation. Feasible values of design parameters such as photodiode thickness, operating voltages, and charge divider ratio were determined by modeling the signal and noise propagation through the detector. The quantum accounting diagram (QAD) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were used to measure imaging performance. A photodiode thickness of 1.5 mm ensures acceptable quantum efficiency. This thickness, however, causes significant geometric blur due to obliquely incident x-rays at edges of the detector unless the detector is curved by using a number of hybrid sections less than 2 cm long. No more than 90% of the photodiode charge can be discarded by the divider without causing a significant reduction in DQE due to direct x-ray interaction in the CCD. Using the design parameter values determined by the model, a high DQE up to the Nyquist frequency is achieved.
Advances in the Optimization of Airline Fleet Assignment (1997)

We present an advanced model for the formulation and solution of large scale fleet assignment problems that arise in the scheduling of air transportation. Fleet assignment determines the type of aircraft to operate each flight in a given schedule, subject to a variety of side constraints, due to marketing, operational, maintenance and crew restrictions. We model the problem as mixed-integer multicommodity flow on networks encoding activities linking flight departures. We focus on fully representing flight connection possibilities, while accurately capturing complex operational rules. We also provide a unified framework for the expression of resource constraints via piecewise linear penalties, which permits a profitability-based tradeoff between operational goals and revenue. Computational results on actual schedules show that high quality assignments for one-day problems can be obtained within an hour of computation. The use of the model at USAir results in an annual benefit of at least $15 million.
Cognitive performance and MR markers of cerebral injury in cognitively impaired MS patients (2003)

If a strong and stable association can be firmly established between cognitive and MR variables in appropriate subsets of MS patients, it might aid in the investigation of interventions to enhance cognition and modify the course of the disease.
Designing for concurrent error detection in VLSI: application to a microprogram control unit (1987)

An integrated approach to the design of a microprogram control unit (MCU) that possesses the distinction of having comprehensive concurrent-error-detection (CED) capability for errors generated by VLSI physical failures is presented. The implementation of the functionally complex single-chip MCU is discussed and the fault model used is explained. Circuit design techniques that have recently been developed for self-checking VLSI systems are introduced. The first critical appraisal based on actual mask-level layouts of custom CED design versus error detection through duplication and comparison, are also presented.
Rate Dependency Revisited: Understanding the Effects of Methylphenidate in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2003)

Although stimulants are widely prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their calming effects are not easily understood. One hypothesis derived from preclinical studies is that stimulants exert "rate-dependent" effects that are inversely related in magnitude and direction to the baseline rate of activity or distraction. Previously, compelling support for this hypothesis has been lacking. We provide preliminary evidence that methylphenidate exerts rate-dependent behavioral effects in children with ADHD. Activity and attention were quantified in children with ADHD tested on placebo and different doses of methylphenidate using objective measures. Higher doses altered activity and attentiveness in a rate-dependent manner after correction for regression-to-the-mean artifacts. These findings illustrate a clear inverse association between symptom severity and degree of therapeutic response that is crucial for our understanding of stimulant effects and effective clinical treatment of ADHD.