gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling with oncolytic virotherapy disrupts tumor vasculature and inhibits breast cancer metastases (2013)

Oncolytic viruses hold promise for the treatment of cancer, but their interaction with the tumor microenvironment needs to be elucidated for optimal tumor cell killing. Because the CXCR4 receptor for the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) chemokine is one of the key stimuli involved in signaling interactions between tumor cells and their stromal microenvironment, we used oncolytic virotherapy with a CXCR4 antagonist to target the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in a triple-negative 4T1 breast carcinoma in syngeneic mice. We show here that CXCR4 antagonist expression from an oncolytic vaccinia virus delivered intravenously to mice with orthotopic tumors attains higher intratumoral concentration than its soluble counterpart and exhibits increased efficacy over that mediated by oncolysis alone. A systemic delivery of the armed virus after resection of the primary tumor was efficacious in inhibiting the development of spontaneous metastasis and increased overall tumor-free survival. Inhibition of tumor growth with the armed virus was associated with destruction of tumor vasculature, reductions in expression of CXCL12 and VEGF, and decrease in intratumoral numbers of bone marrow-derived endothelial and myeloid cells. These changes led to induction of antitumor antibody responses and resistance to tumor rechallenge. Engineering an oncolytic virus armed with a CXCR4 antagonist represents an innovative strategy that targets multiple elements within the tumor microenvironment. As such, this approach could have a significant therapeutic impact against primary and metastatic breast cancer.
Liquid-phase broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) studies in a 20 cm cell (2009)

Sensitive liquid-phase measurements have been made in a 20 cm cell using broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS). The cavity was formed by two high reflectivity mirrors which were in direct contact with the liquid-phase analytes. Careful choice of solvent was required to minimise the effect of background solvent absorptions. Measurements were made on the broad absorber Sudan black, dissolved in acetonitrile, using a white LED light source and R > or = 0.99 cavity mirrors, leading to a cavity enhancement factor (CEF) of 82 at 584 nm. The sensitivity as measured by the minimum detectable change in the absorption coefficient (alpha(min)) was 3.4 x 10(-7) cm(-1). Further measurements were made on the strong absorber methylene blue dissolved in acetonitrile at 655 nm. A white LED was used with the R > or = 0.99 cavity mirrors, leading to a CEF of 78 and alpha(min) = 4.4 x 10(-7) cm(-1). The use of a more intense red LED also allowed measurements with higher reflectivity R > or = 0.999 cavity mirrors, leading to a CEF of 429 and alpha(min) = 2.8 x 10(-7) cm(-1). The sensitivity was limited by dark noise from the detector but nevertheless appears to represent the most sensitive liquid-phase absorption measurement to date.
Main memory databases for enterprise applications (2011)

Enterprise applications are traditionally divided in transactional and analytical processing. This separation was essential as growing data volume and more complex requests were no longer performing feasibly on conventional relational databases. While many research activities in recent years focussed on the optimization of such separation particularly in the last decade databases as well as hardware continued to develop. On the one hand there are data management systems that organize data column-oriented and thereby ideally fulfill the requirement profile of analytical requests. On the other hand significantly more main memory is available to applications that allow to store the complete compressed database of an enterprise in combination with the equally significantly enhanced performance. Both developments enable processing of complex analytical requests in a fraction of a second and thus facilitate complete new business processes and -applications. Obviously the question arises whether the artificially introduced separation between OLTP and OLAP can be revoked and all requests be handled on a combined data set. This paper focuses on the characteristics of data processing in enterprise applications and demonstrates how selected technologies can optimize data processing. A further trend is the use of cloud computing and with it the outsourcing of the data centre to optimize cost efficiency. Here column-oriented in memory databases are helpful as well as they permit a greater throughput, which in turn enables more effective use of the hardware and thus saves costs.
Functional Role of Pyridinium during Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on Pt(111) (2013)

Recent breakthroughs in electrochemical studies have reported aqueous CO2 reduction to formic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol at low overpotentials (-0.58 V versus SCE), with a Pt working electrode in acidic pyridine (Pyr) solutions. We find that CO2 is reduced by H atoms bound to the Pt surface that are transferred as hydrides to CO2 in a proton-coupled hydride transfer (PCHT) mechanism activated by pyridinium (PyrH(+)), CO2 + Pt-H + PyrH(+) + e(-) → Pyr + Pt + HCO2H. The surface-bound H atoms consumed by CO2 reduction is replenished by the one-electron reduction of PyrH(+) through the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), PyrH(+) + Pt + e(-) → Pyr + Pt-H. Pyridinium is essential to establish a high concentration of Brønsted acid in contact with CO2 and with the Pt surface, much higher than the concentration of free protons. These findings are particularly relevant to generate fuels with a carbon-neutral footprint.
Acoustic characterization of contrast-to-tissue ratio and axial resolution for dual-frequency contrast-specific acoustic angiography imaging (2014)

Recently, dual-frequency transducers have enabled high-spatial-resolution and high-contrast imaging of vasculature with minimal tissue artifacts by transmitting at a low frequency and receiving broadband superharmonic echoes scattered by microbubble contrast agents. In this work, we examine the imaging parameters for optimizing contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) for dual-frequency imaging and the relationship with spatial resolution. Confocal piston transducers are used in a water bath setup to measure the SNR, CTR, and axial resolution for ultrasound imaging of nonlinear scattering of microbubble contrast agents when transmitting at a lower frequency (1.5 to 8 MHz) and receiving at a higher frequency (7.5 to 25 MHz). Parameters varied include the frequency and peak negative pressure of transmitted waves, center frequency of the receiving transducer, microbubble concentration, and microbubble size. CTR is maximized at the lowest transmission frequencies but would be acceptable for imaging in the 1.5 to 3.5 MHz range. At these frequencies, CTR is optimized when a receiving transducer with a center frequency of 10 MHz is used, with the maximum CTR of 25.5 dB occurring when transmitting at 1.5 MHz with a peak negative pressure of 1600 kPa and receiving with a center frequency of 10 MHz. Axial resolution is influenced more heavily by the receiving center frequency, with a weak decrease in measured pulse lengths associated with increasing transmit frequency. A microbubble population containing predominately 4-μm-diameter bubbles yielded the greatest CTR, followed by 1- and then 2-μm bubbles. Varying concentration showed little effect over the tested parameters. CTR dependence on transmit frequency and peak pressure were confirmed through in vivo imaging in two rodents. These findings may lead to improved imaging of vascular remodeling in superficial or luminal cancers such as those of the breast, prostate, and colon.
Design for Testability (1982)

This presentation will discuss the basics of design for testability. A short review of testing is given along with some reasons why one should test. The different techniques of design for testability are discussed in detail. These include techniques which can be applied to today's technologies and techniques which have been recently introduced and will soon appear in new designs. These techniques include the three main areas of Design for Testability, 1) Ad Hoc approaches; 2) Structured approaches; and, 3) Self Test/Built-in Test approaches.
A review of printed passive electronic components through fully additive manufacturing methods (2016)

There have been significant advancements in the field of additive manufacturing in the past decades. Current technologies in this field allow fabrications of not only complex physical prototypes but also functional electronic components and circuitries. It is now possible to fabricate simple circuits embedded with several kinds of passive components, for example, resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which are the most fundamental building blocks of any electrical circuits. In order to aid future developments and integrations of printing electronics into a wider range of applications, this review attempts to provide an overview and the most recent developments of ‘fully additive’ printing techniques used for fabricating circuits and electronic components, including comparisons between their advantages and disadvantages. Each individual ‘fully additive’ printing technique is presented and discussed in detail. Potentials and challenges of additive manufacturing of electronics are also discussed.
Scattering of acoustic waves into Tollmien-Schlichting waves by small streamwise variations in surface geometry (1985)

By using the triple-deck scaling of Stewartson (1969) and Messiter (1970) we show that small but relatively sudden surface geometry variations that produce only very weak static pressure variations can nevertheless produce strong, i.e. 0(1), coupling between an externally imposed acoustic disturbance and a spatially growing Tollmien- Schlichting wave. The analysis provides a qualitative explanation of the Leehey & Shapiro (1979) boundary-layer receptivity measurements and is in good quantitative agreement with the Aizin & Polyakov (1979) experiment. It may also explain why small ‘trip wires’ can promote early transition.
Carter Versus Reagan: The Human Rights Records of Two Administrations (1988)

The emergence of human rights as a public concern during the Carter administration was a recrudescence of the long tradition of moralism in American foreign policy. Confident that the republic is the pinnacle of political, social, and human development, Americans have believed since 1776 that the “United States must be a beacon of human rights to an unregenerate world” (Schlesinger, 1978: 505). Yet, while to the founding fathers America’s avoidance of Europe’s evils of class, hierarchy, and power politics was to be its greatest glory it is quite clear that they intended the U.S. to illuminate the path to a better world by example not by action. John Quincy Adam’s famous July 4 speech explained his perception of America’s mission to the world.
Broadband metacoaxial nanoantenna for metasurface and sensing applications (2014)

We introduce a metacoaxial nanoantenna (MN) that super-localizes the incident electromagnetic field to "hotspots" with a top-down area of 2 nm(2), a local field enhancement of ~200-400, and a field localization with a very large spectral range from the visible to the infrared range that has a spectral bandwidth ≥ 900 nm. Not only is this nanoantenna extremely broadband with ultra-high localization, it also shows significant improvements over traditional nanoantenna designs, as the hotspots are re-configurable by breaking the circular symmetry which enables the ability to tailor the polarization response. These attributes offer significant improvements over traditional nanoantennas as building blocks for metasurfaces and enhanced biodetection that we demonstrate in this work.
Liquid RF antennas, electronics and sensors: A modeling challenge (2011)

In this paper we present a novel approach for the modeling of multi-phase liquid RF electronics and sensors problems. The deployment of level-set based multi-phase simulation could potentially lead to the development of a new generation of computationally efficient approaches that could bridge the gap between Maxwell and solid/liquid-interface equations. Numerous examples of liquid antennas and multi-phase wireless biosensors will be presented at the conference to verify the accuracy and validity of the above approach in a variety of liquid radio-frequency wearable, implantable and printable topologies.
Depression and Cancer Risk: A Register-based Study of Patients Hospitalized with Affective Disorders, Denmark, 1969-1993 (2002)

The authors investigated the cancer risk of patients hospitalized for depression in a nationwide Danish cohort study. All 89,491 adults in Denmark who had been admitted to a hospital with depression, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision, between 1969 and 1993 were identified. There were 1,117,006 person-years of follow-up. Incidence rates of all cancers and of site-specific cancers were compared with national incidence rates for first primary cancers, with data being adjusted for sex, age, and calendar time. A total of 9,922 cases of cancer were diagnosed in the cohort, with 9,434.6 having been expected; this yielded a standardized incidence ratio of 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.07). The risk of cancer was increased for the first year after hospital admission, with brain cancer especially occurring more frequently than expected. When the first year of follow-up was excluded, the increase was attributable mainly to an increased risk of tobacco-related cancers: Standardized incidence ratios for non-tobacco-related cancers were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.03) after 1-9 years of follow-up and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.02) after 10 or more years of follow-up. These data provide no support for the hypothesis that depression independently increases risk of cancer, but they emphasize the deleterious effect that depression can have on lifestyle factors.
Improved myocardial preservation by control of the oxidation-reduction potential. (1985)

Simple cold storage remains the current method of preservation of human heart allografts between removal and transplantation, but this technique is not adequate for prolonged periods of preservation. An alternative to cold storage is machine perfusion of the isolated organ. Although this technique has yielded promising results in kidney preservation, there is limited experience with the heart. One factor limiting the effectiveness of perfusion preservation is the toxicity of oxygen free radicals generated during the perfusion. The generation and reduction of these radicals results in an electron transfer, producing an electrochemical potential known as the redox potential. This study examines the role of machine perfusion in heart preservation with and without the use of a new electrochemical cell that is able to control the redox potential during the perfusion. Hearts were preserved for twenty-four hours by either simple cold storage (Group I), or by machine perfusion with redox monitoring (Group II), or redox control (Group III). Control of the oxidation-reduction potential of the perfusate during machine perfusion of isolated hearts resulted in significantly improved systolic and diastolic function after perfusion compared to hearts that underwent machine perfusion without redox control or simple cold storage.
Systemic perfusion pressure and blood flow before and after administration of epinephrine during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1995)

Open-chest CPR generated greater systemic perfusion pressure and blood flow than closed-chest CPR. Epinephrine increased left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow but decreased total cardiac output, such that cerebral perfusion might be endangered. This problem will be studied separately.
Privacy in Sensor-Driven Human Data Collection: A Guide for Practitioners (2014)

In recent years, the amount of information collected about human beings has increased dramatically. This development has been partially driven by individuals posting and storing data about themselves and friends using online social networks or collecting their data for self-tracking purposes (quantified-self movement). Across the sciences, researchers conduct studies collecting data with an unprecedented resolution and scale. Using computational power combined with mathematical models, such rich datasets can be mined to infer underlying patterns, thereby providing insights into human nature. Much of the data collected is sensitive. It is private in the sense that most individuals would feel uncomfortable sharing their collected personal data publicly. For this reason, the need for solutions to ensure the privacy of the individuals generating data has grown alongside the data collection efforts. Out of all the massive data collection efforts, this paper focuses on efforts directly instrumenting human behavior, and notes that -- in many cases -- the privacy of participants is not sufficiently addressed. For example, study purposes are often not explicit, informed consent is ill-defined, and security and sharing protocols are only partially disclosed. This paper provides a survey of the work related to addressing privacy issues in research studies that collect detailed sensor data on human behavior. Reflections on the key problems and recommendations for future work are included. We hope the overview of the privacy-related practices in massive data collection studies can be used as a frame of reference for practitioners in the field. Although focused on data collection in an academic context, we believe that many of the challenges and solutions we identify are also relevant and useful for other domains where massive data collection takes place, including businesses and governments.
<i>In Vivo</i> Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells/Poly Lactide-Co-Glycolic Acid Constructs for Bone Regeneration in a Rat Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect Model (2007)

Recent studies suggest that human adipose tissue contains pluripotent stem cells, which are similar to bone marrow-derived stem cells. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect in bone regenerating capability of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured in osteogenic media layered over poly lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and implanted in a critical nude rat calvarial defect. Twenty-seven nude rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 9): 1) PLGA alone (control), 2) PLGA with undifferentiated ADSCs, and 3) PLGA with differentiated ADSCs. These 3 groups were divided into 9 subgroups (n = 3) according to in vitro pre-cultured periods (day 1 pre-culture (Group1), day 7 pre-culture (Group2), and day 14 pre-culture (Group3)) before implantation. An 8 mm critical-size circular calvarial defect was made in each nude rat. Specimens were harvested at 12 weeks post-implantation and evaluated radiographically and histologically. Radiodensitometric analysis revealed significantly higher bone growth in implants pre-cultured in osteogenic media for 14 days for Group 3. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that Groups 2 and 3 had bone formation filling 35% to 72% of the area of the defect after transplantation with cells that had been pre-cultured for 14 days. Constructs with differentiated ADSCs (Group 3) had noticeably more maximal and robust bone tissue regeneration than constructs with undifferentiated ADSCs (Group 2). These data provide evidence that constructs or implants made of PLGA and osteogenically differentiated ADSCs pre-cultured for 14 days before transplantation have better, more-robust bone regeneration capability in critical-sized skeletal defects than constructs with undifferentiated ADSCs. Human adipose derived stem cells can therefore be used as seed cells to construct tissue-engineered bone.
Rating Compiler Optimizations for Automatic Performance Tuning (2005)

To achieve maximum performance gains through compiler optimization, most automatic performance tuning systems use a feed-back directed approach to rate the code versions generated under different optimization options and to search for the best one. They all face the problem that code versions are only comparable if they run under the same execution context. This paper proposes three accurate, fast and flexible rating approaches that address this problem. The three methods identify comparable execution contexts, model relationships between contexts, or force re-execution of the code under the same context, respectively. We apply these methods in an automatic offline tuning scenario. Our performance tuning system improves the program performance of a selection of SPEC CPU 2000 benchmarks by up to 178% (26% on average). Our techniques reduce program tuning time by up to 96% (80% on average), compared to the state-of-the-art tuning scenario that compares optimization techniques using whole-program execution.
High-Pressure Synthesis of a New Silicon Clathrate Superconductor, Ba<sub>8</sub>Si<sub>46</sub> (1999)

A new silicon clathrate compound with a composition of Ba8Si46 was prepared under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The compound was isomorphous with Na8Si46 and became a superconductor with a transition temperature of 8.0 K. Barium atoms occupy all of the Si20 and Si24 cages of the clathrate structure. This is the first clathrate superconductor obtained as a bulk phase.
Superparamagnetic and single-domain threshold sizes in magnetite (1973)

Particle size distributions have been obtained by grain counts on electron micrographs of four samples containing submicroscopic equant magnetite particles. Blocking temperature data indicate thermally unstable (superparamagnetic, SPM) magnetic behavior in one sample whose grains range from 100 to 650 A in size. The SPM is confirmed by a large increase of saturation remanence when the hysteresis of the sample is measured at 77°K. Quantitative estimates of the SPM, single-domain (SD), and multidomain (MD) magnetization fractions in this sample are made by comparing theoretical and observed values of the reduced saturation remanence at 77° and 300°K. The particle size distribution then yields a critical size ds = (290 − 360) ± 50 A for the onset of SPM in magnetite at room temperature, in close agreement with Néel's SD theory. The critical size d0 at which domain structure develops in equidimensional grains of magnetite is less well defined. It is certainly less than 480 ± 50 A and may even be less than ds; that is, a direct MD-SPM transition in magnetite is a distinct possibility. The extreme narrowness of the stable SD range in equidimensional magnetite particles suggests that either elongated SD grains or else small MD grains with pseudo-SD characteristics must be the major carriers of the high-stability natural remanence of igneous rocks.
Disintegration of chemotherapy tablets for oral administration in patients with swallowing difficulties (2012)

Disintegrating oral chemotherapeutic tablets in a syringe provides a closed system to administer hazardous drugs and allows for the safe administration of oral chemotherapeutic drugs in a tablet form to patients with swallowing difficulties.
Glowdoodle: A Medium for Expressive Inquiry (2013)

Expressive inquiry is a process of exploration and discovery within an artistic medium that supports both intuitive play and iterative experimentation. Glowdoodle is a system that enables people to paint with light using objects in their environment, see the results as they paint, and share their creations on the web. I describe properties of systems that support expressive inquiry, illustrate them with glowdoodle as an example, and describe diverse examples of glowdoodle creations.