gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boc-Protected ω-Amino Alkanedithiols Provide Chemically and Thermally Stable Amine-Terminated Monolayers on Gold (2015)

Four custom-designed bidentate adsorbates having either ammonium or Boc-protected amino termini and either methanethiol or ethanethioate headgroups were prepared for the purpose of generating amine-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on evaporated gold surfaces. These adsorbates utilize a phenyl-based framework to connect the headgroups to a single hexadecyloxy chain, extending the amino functionality away from the surface of gold, providing two regions within the adsorbate structure where intermolecular interactions contribute to the stability of the fully formed thin film. The structural features of the resulting SAMs were characterized by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. The collected data were compared to those of eight additional SAMs formed from analogous monodentate alkanethiols and alkanethioacetates having either a similar aromatic framework or a simple alkyl chain connecting the headgroup to the tailgroup. The analysis of the data obtained for the full set of SAMs revealed that both the tailgroup and headgroup influenced the formation of a well-packed monolayer, with the Boc-protected amine-terminated alkanethiols producing films with superior surface bonding and adsorbate packing as compared to those formed with ammonium tailgroups or alkanethioacetate headgroups. A comparison of the structural differences before and after deprotection of the Boc-protected amine-terminated thiolate SAMs revealed that the bidentate adsorbate was the most resistant to desorption during the Boc-deprotection procedure. Furthermore, solution-phase thermal desorption tests performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the Boc-deprotected amine-terminated alkanethiolate films provided further evidence of the enhanced stability associated with SAMs formed from these bidentate adsorbates.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Allylic Amines Using α,<i>β</i>-Unsaturated <i>N</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butanesulfinimines (2001)

[reaction: see text]. The trifluoromethide ion generated in situ from TMSCF(3) and TBAT (tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate), as well as TMAF (tetramethylammonium fluoride), adds to the alpha,beta-unsaturated N-tert-butanesulfinimines exclusively in a 1,2 fashion with high diastereoselectivities, affording the first examples of chiral trifluoromethylated allylic amines.
New approaches to preventing restenosis (2003)

For over a quarter of a century percutaneous coronary interventions have been used to treat patients with coronary artery disease, yet restenosis continues to be a problem. This review discusses the advances being made to overcome restenosis, particularly the development of drug eluting stents
The Failure of Pluralism (1971)

ASSEMBLY 'r^FmlzrW^ INSTRUCTIONS jj) J^p T ihe ihe central quandary of our universities during the last decade has been the lack of any consensus about their place in society. In the absense of such an understanding, universities and colleges have been generally run as pluralistic institutions, not as functioning wholes but as conglomerations. advantage of administering an institution as if it were pluralistic that the administrator can decide every conflict of interest with a compromise. But the disadvantage of such administration that the inevitably conflicting interests, egged on by compromise of their fundamental needs, may conspire to dismantle the whole enterprise. Until Clark Kerr wrote Uses of the University in 1963, the pluralistic nature of universities was felt to be an historical accident. With Kerr's publication, however, pluralism became an explicit value to be admired and imitated in the development of state university systems all over the country. The Kerr said, is not one community but several. A community, like medieval communities of masters and students, should have common interests. In the multiversity, they are varied, even conNicholas S. Thompson associate professor of psychology and biology at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts.
CO<sub>2</sub> Separation by a New Solid K−Fe Sorbent (2011)

An inexpensive K−Fe-based sorbent using K2CO3 and nanoporous FeOOH was developed, and its CO2 separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed tube reactor under differing conditions. Because of its high surface area and porous structure, FeOOH can increase CO2 capture capability by more than 70 times compared to pure K2CO3. The sorption capacity of the K−Fe sorbent reaches its peak when its K2CO3 content is 33.33 wt %, under the tested sorption conditions. The CO2 sorption capacity of the sorbent increases with an increase of moisture in gas but decreases dramatically with the elevation of the sorption temperature. The total CO2 capture capability of the K−Fe sorbent is ∼49 mg of CO2/g of sorbent at 60 °C in a 10 vol % moisture environment. The sorbent is regenerable, and its multicycle sorption capacity remains at ∼30 mg of CO2/g of sorbent when the regeneration temperature is 125 °C. Catalysis plays an important role in improving CO2 desorption, thus reducing the energy required for the CO2 separation technology.
Biomechanical properties of regenerated bone by mandibular distraction osteogenesis. (2002)

The distraction appliance can be removed and the lengthened mandible should be exposed to adaptive functional exercise at 8 weeks after completion of distraction.
Susceptibility to fluorescent light-induced chromatid breaks associated with DNA repair deficiency and malignant transformation in culture. (1980)

The increased susceptibility of mouse cells to fluorescent light-induced chromatid damage following their spontaneous malignant transformation in culture could result from loss or inactivation of catalase that decomposes the photoproduct H2O2 or from impaired capacities to repair DNA damage. No consistent change in catalase activity with respect to neoplastic state could be established. To interpret the cytogenetic damage in terms of DNA strand breaks, we determined the incidence of chromatid breaks induced by light exposure during the G1 and late S-G2 phases of the cell cycle in normal and malignant derivatives of a C3H mouse cell line. Chromatid breaks at metaphase following light exposure during G1 would result from DNA strand breaks, cross-links, or base damage, whereas breaks following exposure during late S-G2 would result from single-or double-strand breaks. Both G1 and late S-G2 were susceptible in malignant cells but only G1 in normal. Since caffeine inhibits DNA repair, we compared its effects on light-induced chromatid damage in the normal and malignant cells to assess their DNA repair capacities. Treatment of normal cells with caffeine (50 microgram/ml) directly following five hr of light exposure in G1 increased the chromatid damage to that in malignant cells exposed with or without caffeine. Similarly, treatment of normal cells with caffeine during late S-G2 exposure increased chromatid damage to a level not significantly different from that in malignant cells exposed without caffeine. Caffeine had little influence on chromatid damage in malignant cells. The increased susceptibility of malignant mouse cells to fluorescent light-induced chromatid breaks thus appears to result from impaired capacities to repair DNA damage.
Observation of a vacuum tunnel gap in a transmission electron microscope using a micromechanical tunneling microscope (1995)

This letter reports the observation of the vacuum tunnel gap between two conductors using a high resolution transmission electron microscope. A 2.5 mm square micromachined tunneling microscope chip has been fabricated with a minimum feature size of 0.4 μm. The chip fits into a modified side-entry type transmission electron microscope holder. The tunnel gap is controlled by a purpose-built feedback controller. The micromachines work reliably during observation of the tip apex in a transmission electron microscope, allowing the voltage and current to be changed while the tunnel gap is observed.
A multidimensional finite element method for CFD (1991)

A finite element method is used to solve the equations of motion for 2- and 3-D fluid flow. The time-dependent equations are solved explicitly using quadrilateral (2-D) and hexahedral (3-D) elements, mass lumping, and reduced integration. A Petrov-Galerkin technique is applied to the advection terms. The method requires a minimum of computational storage, executes quickly, and is scalable for execution on computer systems ranging from PCs to supercomputers.
Resistance to endotoxic shock and reduced neutrophil migration in mice deficient for the Src-family kinases Hck and Fgr (1998)

Signal transduction through the leukocyte integrins is required for the processes of firm adhesion, activation, and chemotaxis of neutrophils during inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils isolated from knockout mice that are deficient in the expression of p59/61(hck) (Hck) and p58(c-fgr) (Fgr), members of the Src-family of protein tyrosine kinases, have been shown to be defective in adhesion mediated activation. Cells from these animals have impaired induction of respiratory burst and granule secretion following plating on surfaces that crosslink beta2 and beta3 integrins. To determine if the defective function of hck-/-fgr-/- neutrophils observed in vitro also results in impaired inflammatory responses in vivo, we examined responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in these animals. The hck-/-fgr-/- mice showed marked resistance to the lethal effects of high-dose LPS injection despite the fact that high levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1alpha were detected. Serum chemistry analysis revealed a marked reduction in liver and renal damage in mutant mice treated with LPS, whereas blood counts showed a marked neutrophilia that was not seen in wild-type animals. Direct examination of liver sections from mutant mice revealed reduced neutrophil migration into the tissue. These data demonstrate that defective integrin signaling in neutrophils, caused by loss of Hck and Fgr tyrosine kinase activity, results in impaired inflammation-dependent tissue injury in vivo.
Magnetic resonance imaging: a method for the assessment of changes in vascular structure and function. (1991)

A brief review is made of the history of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The advantages and disadvantages of MRI are discussed with particular reference to methods of studying the vascular system. Techniques developed to study separately sclerosis and atherosis, the two components of atherosclerotic disease, are discussed in more detail. Finally, in vitro and in vivo results are presented to demonstrate the great wealth of information already available from the NMR signal and hence its considerable potential for the study of vascular disease in the future.
Food Preservatives Serving as Nonselective Metal and Alloy Corrosion Inhibitors (2006)

In this short communication we provide a glimpse into the unexpected, intriguing nature of 2,4-hexadienoic acid potassium salt {potassium sorbate [>, namely, its high superiority over other corrosion inhibitors to protect metals and alloys (copper, carbon steel, aluminum, and stainless steel) from surface degradation processes in a wide range of potentials in the presence of corrosive environments.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Photovoltaic Devices of Oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene)-fullerene Dyads (2000)

The synthesis of a homologous series of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-fulleropyrrolidines (OPVn-C60, n = 1−4, where n is the number of phenyl rings) is described. The photophysical properties of these donor−acceptor dyads and the corresponding model compounds, α,ω-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-(S)-methylbutoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene oligomers (OPVn, n = 2−4) and N-methylfulleropyrrolidine (MP-C60), are studied as a function of the conjugation length in solvents of different polarity and as thin films. Fast singlet energy transfer occurs after photoexcitation of the OPVn moiety of the dyads toward the fullerene moiety in an apolar solvent. Photoexcitation of the dyads in a polar solvent results in electron transfer for OPV3-C60 and OPV4-C60, and to some extent for OPV2-C60, but not for OPV1-C60. These results are compared to the results obtained for mixtures of OPVn and MP-C60 in the same solvents. The solvent-dependent change in free energy for charge separation of the donor−acceptor systems is calculated from the Weller equation, and the rate constants for energy and electron transfer are derived from the fluorescence lifetime and quenching. The results show that in a polar solvent electron transfer in these dyads is likely to occur via a two-step process, that is, a very fast singlet energy transfer prior to charge separation. In thin solid films of OPV3-C60 and OPV4-C60, a long-lived charge-separated state is formed after photoexcitation. The long lifetime in the film is attributed to the migration of charges to different molecules. A flexible photovoltaic device is prepared from OPV4-C60.
Cystamine Inhibits HIV Type 1 Replication in Cells of Monocyte/Macrophage and T Cell Lineages (1995)

The effects of cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol, MEA) and its disulfide, cystamine, on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) expression in chronically infected promonocytic cells (U1), T cell line (ACH-2), and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were investigated. U1 and ACH-2 cells constitutively express low levels of virus, which is increased by the addition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and other inducers. Cystamine, in noncytotoxic doses, suppressed in a concentration-dependent fashion the induction of HIV-1 expression mediated by TNF-alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF, and monokine-enriched monocyte culture supernatants in both U1 and ACH-2 cells as determined by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. Similarly, HIV-1 expression was substantially reduced in the cystamine-treated primary MDM cultures compared with the untreated control cultures. The addition of cystamine into HIV-1 chronically infected MDM (12 days after infection was established) also suppressed 80-90% of RT activity in comparison to the untreated controls. HIV-1 (Bal) infected MDM cultures (without cystamine treatment) demonstrated giant syncytium formation, whereas cystamine-treated cultures lacked the giant syncytia induced by HIV-1 infection. Cystamine also inhibited LPS-induced TNF production in MDM. In contrast to cystamine, cysteamine showed no significant effects on either the monokine-induced HIV-1 expression in U1 or ACH-2 or acute and chronic HIV-1 infection in MDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular Targeted Drugs and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives (2017)

Nowadays, colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of tumor all over the world. When diagnosed, ∼50%-60% of tumors have metastasized, thus resulting in a grim prognosis. Chemotherapy is regarded as standard treatment for patients with colorectal cancer, however, limitations of chemotherapy cannot be ignored, such as low selectivity, insufficient concentrations in tumor tissues, and systemic toxicity. Recently, six targeted drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), including bevacizumab, aflibercept, regorafenib, cetuximab, and panitumumab. The development of these drugs marked significant advancement in the field of mCRC therapy. The addition of biologic agents to chemotherapy has prolonged the median overall survival. Now, many investigational drugs are under clinical trials, of which programmed death (PD)-1/L1 has drawn much attention. In this review, new biologic agents under clinical trials such as MEK/MET/RAS/RAF/PD-1 inhibitors with potentials for mCRC treatment are concluded by describing targeted drugs approved by FDA, to offer new insights into global trends and future development.
Steam-on-a-chip for oil recovery: the role of alkaline additives in steam assisted gravity drainage (2013)

We present a lab-on-a-chip approach to informing thermal oil recovery processes. Bitumen - a major global resource - is an extremely viscous oil which is extracted by injecting steam underground in a process known as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). Here, a microfluidic network saturated with bitumen provides a physical model of the SAGD reservoir; steam is injected into the chip, and the oil recovery dynamics are visualized and quantified in real-time. The unique advantage of this approach is the pore-scale quantification of fluid phase dynamics under relevant reservoir conditions and pore sizes. High resolution is achieved by leveraging the inherent fluorescence of the native bitumen. The approach is applied to quantify the efficacy of an alkaline steam additive. With the additive, the mean characteristic size of oil-in-water emulsions formed during SAGD is reduced from 150 μm to 6 μm, and the corresponding recovery effectiveness is improved by ~50%. These results demonstrate that pore-scale process quantification enabled by lab-on-a-chip methods can improve the efficacy, and the associated carbon footprint, of energy intensive thermal oil recovery processes.
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SEAMS ON TREATED FABRICS (2009)

Abstract The purpose of this work is to find out the performance of seams after successive treatments applied to fabric. Performance of seams is given by their load/elongation behaviour. In this study, woven fabrics are chosen to investigate the effect of their chemical and mechanical finishing process (desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing and sueding) on the behaviour of the seams. Three factors have been studied: Treatment, Density (number of stitches per centimeter) and seam direction (weft or warp direction). Two responses are measured: seam elongation at break and seam breaking force. The initial fabrics properties before stitched have an important impact on the behaviour of the seams. This work explains that it is more useful to study the yield point than the rupture point; because for the wear, the elastic phase (recovery) is more important than the plastic phase. Studying yield point of seams explains better the reality limit of use of stitched fabrics. The increase of the number of stitches per centimetre ameliorates the breaking resistance of seam, but not the elongation at break. However the density has small effects on the yield point.
Large Thermoelectric Power Factor Enhancement Observed in InAs Nanowires (2013)

We report the observation of a thermoelectric power factor in InAs nanowires that exceeds that predicted by a single-band bulk model by up to an order of magnitude at temperatures below about 20 K. We attribute this enhancement effect not to the long-predicted 1D subband effects but to quantum-dot-like states that form in electrostatically nonuniform nanowires as a result of interference between propagating states and 0D resonances.
Application Methods for Enhancing Phytotoxicity of Glyphosate I. Effects of Surfactants and Spray Volumes on Leaf Retention of Various Plant Species (1987)

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate effects of spray volumes and surfactants, L-77 and Triton CS-7 on leaf retention of glyphosate in Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Equisetum arvense. Leaf retention was increased when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in a spray volumes of 10-20 l/10a in Zea mays and 40 l/10a in Artemisia princeps but decreased when spray volumes were higher than above volumes and 40-80 l/10a in Trifolium repens. Hordeum vulgare leaves retained more spray when glyphosate with L-77 or Triton CS-7 was applied in all spray volumes tested. Equisetum arvense retained higher amount of spray by application of glyphosate with L-77 compared with Triton CS-7 and no surfactant treatments.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Alkyl Benzenesulfonate Detergents in Surface Water and Sewage (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Alkyl Benzenesulfonate Detergents in Surface Water and SewageJ. D. Fairing and F. R. ShortCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 12, 1827–1834Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60120a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60120a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B4 topology options for operating three phase induction machines on single phase grids (2005)

Three-phase (3/spl Phi/) induction machines are known for their advantages over the single-phase (1/spl Phi/) version regarding efficiency, and torque pulsations. Variable and line frequency operation of 3Phi; induction machines on 1Phi; lines, as opposed to using 1/spl Phi/ machines, has been plagued by the cost issues concerning the number of semiconductor drivers and the amount of capacitance in the DC link. Traditionally, six-switch PWM methods are used to drive 3/spl Phi/ machines. In this paper four-switch PWM methods (B4) featuring new interconnections are proposed that provide variable and line frequency operation of 3/spl Phi/ machines on 1/spl Phi/ grids. For static, i.e. diode rectification, a voltage doubler circuit is often used instead of a full wave rectifier, since it allows for twice the DC link voltage, which is necessary for operating the induction machine at up to rated voltage when utilizing the B6 topology. Current utilization of B4 topologies only allow for driving induction machines at about half of their rated voltage when using static rectification. In this paper, theoretical, simulated, and experimental results are presented that incorporate effects of finite supply capacitance utilizing a static voltage doubler circuit for alternative utilizations of the B4 under line frequency excitation that allow for operation at full-rated voltage.