gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated single-chip PCM voice codec with filters (1981)

A new single-chip monolithic compressed/expanded (companded) pulse-code modulation (PCM) coder/decoder (codec) is described. The associated switched-capacitor filters and reference voltage are also implemented on the chip, using a silicon-gate CMOS process. The DAC and ADC used incorporate a binary-weighted capacitor array and a string of equal-valued resistors. The circuit operators from a/spl plusmn/5 V supply and it consumes 65 mW in normal operation and 5 mW in the power-down condition. The implementation of the critical circuits in CMOS technology is discussed in detail.
Approximating Signals From Nonuniform Continuous Time Samples at Unknown Locations (2007)

Sampling theorems exist to recreate bandlimited signals from both uniform and nonuniformly spaced samples. This is not the case for nonuniform samples when their locations are unknown. This problem has been addressed in the past for discrete-time signals. This correspondence provides an algorithm for finding the sample locations in continuous time by approximating the signal that created the samples with a finite Fourier Series. An example is given that shows the performance of this algorithm. It is a real-world problem of recreating a signal consisting of thousands of samples with unknown locations from a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS)
Hardware- and software-based collective communication on the Quadrics network (2002)

The efficient implementation of collective communication patterns in a parallel machine is a challenging design effort, that requires the solution of many problems. In this paper we present an in-depth description of how the Quadrics network supports both hardware- and software-based collectives. We describe the main features of the two building blocks of this network, a network interface that can perform zero-copy user-level communication and a wormhole routing switch. We also focus our attention on the routing and flow control algorithms, deadlock avoidance and on how the processing nodes are integrated in a global, virtual shared memory. Experimental results conducted on 64-node AlphaServer cluster indicate that the time to complete the hardware-based barrier synchronization on the whole network is as low as 6 /spl mu/s, with very good scalability. Good latency and scalability are also achieved with the software-based synchronization, which takes about 15 /spl mu/s. With the broadcast, similar performance is achieved by the hardware- and software-based implementations, which can deliver messages of up to 256 bytes in 13 /spl mu/s and can get a sustained asymptotic bandwidth of 288 Mbytes/sec on all the nodes. The hardware-based barrier is almost insensitive to the network congestion, with 93% of the synchronizations taking less than 20 /spl mu/s when the network is flooded with a background traffic of unicast messages. On the other hand, the software-based implementation suffers from a significant performance degradation. With high load the hardware broadcast maintains a reasonably good latency, delivering messages up to 2KB in 200 /spl mu/s, while the software broadcast suffers from slightly higher latencies inherited from the synchronization mechanism. Both broadcast algorithms experience a significative performance degradation of the sustained bandwidth with large messages.
Studies with functionally substituted <i>N</i>‐alkylazoles: The reactivity of 1‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐acetone towards electrophilic reagents (2001)

Abstract The reaction of 1‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)acetone 4 with aromatic diazonium salts afforded the corresponding arylhydrazones 5a,b that were converted into pyridazines 6a,b and 8 via condensation with active methylene nitriles and dimethylformamide dimethylacetal, respectively. Condensation of 4 with phenylhydrazine afforded the phenylhydrazone 10 , which could be converted into the indolylpyrazole 11 on treatment with ethanolic hydrochloric acid. Compound 4 also reacted with nitrous acid, benzyl‐idenemalononitrile to yield a variety of substituted new pyrazoles.
New dibenzofuran/spirobifluorene hybrids as thermally stable host materials for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off (2012)

A new class of host materials DBFSF (DBFSF2 and DBFSF4) is facilely synthesized through a Suzuki coupling reaction between dibenzofuran and spirobifluorene. Their thermal, electrochemical, electronic absorption and photoluminescent properties are fully investigated. High glass transition temperatures (T(g)) of 115 °C and 124 °C are observed for DBFSF2 and DBFSF4, respectively, due to the introduction of bulky spirobifluorene groups. As expected, the DBFSF4 with a twisted-linkage exhibits higher triplet energy than DBFSF2 and can be used in blue and green phosphorescent OLEDs. Electrophosphorescent devices with DBFSF2 and DBFSF4 as hosts were fabricated. Besides the good current efficiencies of 22.2 cd A(-1) for blue and 64.4 cd A(-1) for green, low efficiency roll-off has also been achieved for both devices.
Sonic Hedgehog signaling in the mammalian brain (2010)

The discovery of a Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in the mature vertebrate CNS has paved the way to the characterization of the functional roles of Shh signals in normal and diseased brain. Shh is proposed to participate in the establishment and maintenance of adult neurogenic niches and to regulate the proliferation of neuronal or glial precursors in several brain areas. Consistent with its role during brain development, misregulation of Shh signaling is associated with tumorigenesis while its recruitement in damaged neural tissue might be part of the regenerating process. This review focuses on the most recent data of the Hedgehog pathway in the adult brain and its relevance as a novel therapeutic approach for brain diseases including brain tumors.
The state of health of Li-Po batteries based on the battery's parameters and a fuzzy logic system (2013)

The battery management system (BMS) is an important component of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. The purpose of the BMS is to keep the battery operation safe and reliable. Fuzzy logic system (FLS) is one of the methods used to maintain the safety and reliability of the battery by state monitoring and evaluation, charge control, and cell balancing in BMS. Fuzzy logic data analysis were used to estimate state of health (SOH). To get data for FLS, temperature value and absolute value of the current were needed. The FLS does not need an exact mathematical model to make decision about a coefficient's selection. This methodology was chosen to control the SOH output.
Programming a Bounded Buffer using the Object and Path Expression Constructs of Path Pascal (1986)

We present a number of examples of the programming of a bounded buffer using the object and path expression constructs of the language Path Pascal, taking these examples as the basis for an examination of the methods of use of path expressions as a means of specifying synchronisation requirements for concurrent processes. We compare objects and path expressions with monitors and conditions, and consider the derivation of path expressions and of informal correctness demonstrations for them. Also considered is the strategy of ‘distributing’ the synchronisation requirements for a structured object to its components, and its effects on concurrency of access to the object, on its indeterminacy of behaviour, and on implementation costs.
Evidence against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as the relaxant neurotransmitter in human cavernosal smooth muscle (1993)

1. The putative role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as the relaxant neurotransmitter in human cavernosal smooth muscle has been studied in isolated tissue preparations. 2. Consistent neurogenic relaxations were evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS; 2-64 pulses/train, 0.8 ms pulse duration, 10 Hz). VIP (0.1-3 microM) relaxed cavernosal smooth muscle in a dose-dependent fashion. Relaxant responses to both EFS and VIP were reduced in tissue from impotent men. 3. Neurogenic relaxant responses were not diminished in the presence of the VIP-inactivating peptidase, alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT, 2 units ml-1). In contrast VIP-induced relaxations were completely abolished. 4. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by NG-nitro-L-arginine (30 microM), and of guanylate cyclase by methylene blue (50 microM) caused highly significant reductions of neurogenic relaxant responses whereas VIP-evoked relaxations were unaffected. 5. It is concluded that VIP-evoked relaxations are not mediated by the NO-guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) pathway and that VIP release is not essential for neurogenic relaxation of human cavernosal smooth muscle. VIP does not therefore act as the major relaxant neurotransmitter in this tissue.
A Hierarchical Response of Cells to Perpendicular Micro- and Nanometric Textural Cues (2009)

In this paper, we report on the influence of shallow micro- and nanopatterned substrata on the attachment and behavior of a human fibroblast [human telomerase transfected immortalized (hTERT)] cells. We identify a hierarchy of textural guidance cues with respect to cell alignment on these substrates. Cells were seeded and cultured for 48 h on silicon substrates patterned with two linear textures overlaid at 90 degrees, both with 24 microm pitch: a micrograting and a nanopattern of rows of 140- nm-diameter pits arranged in a rectangular array with 300 nm centre-to-centre spacing. The cell response to these textures was shown to be highly dependent on textural feature dimensions. We show that cells align to the stripes of nanopits. Stripes of 30-nm deep nanopits were also shown to elicit a stronger response from cells than 160-nm deep nanopits.
Early cortical precursors do not undergo LIF-mediated astrocytic differentiationThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. (2000)

Multipotential stem cells have been isolated from the developing and adult CNS. Similar identified factors control the differentiation of these cells. A striking example is the instructive action of CNTF/LIF activating the JAK/STAT pathway to induce astrocytic differentiation in both fetal and adult CNS stem cells. Here we show that E12 cortical precursors express functional LIF receptors but do not exhibit this differentiation response to CNTF/LIF either in explant or in dissociated cell culture. The lack of response to LIF-induced astrocytic differentiation is maintained in cocultures with LIF responsive cells derived from E15 cortex. This suggests cell intrinsic differences between early and late stage precursors in the interpretation of LIF-mediated signaling; however, the early nestin-positive precursor population differentiates into both neurons and neural crest derivatives. These data define differences between CNS stem cells from different stages of cortical development. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:301–311, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Determination of cytochrome b5 association reactions. Characterization of metmyoglobin and cytochrome P-450cam binding to genetically engineered cytochromeb5. (1988)

Genetically engineered cytochrome b5 has been used to quantitative binding interactions of this protein with cytochrome P-450cam and sperm whale metmyoglobin by static fluorescence titration. Two cytochrome b5 mutants were constructed by cassette mutagenesis to replace a surface threonine residue with cysteine at two crystallographically defined positions, 65 and 8, located 11 and 21 A, respectively, from the nearest heme edge. The T65C and T8C mutant proteins were labeled with the sulfhydryl selective fluorescent reagent, acrylodan, which provided a spectral probe for monitoring protein-protein association. The fluorescence emission spectra of the acrylodan-labeled T65C mutant exhibited an ionic strength-dependent, blue-shifted fluorescence enhancement upon binding met-myoglobin, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P-450cam, whereas the acrylodan-labeled T8C mutant fluorescence emission remained unchanged during all titrations. Dissociation constants of 1.3, 0.6, and 0.5 microM, pH 7.15, were measured for metmyoglobin, cytochrome P-450cam, and cytochrome c, respectively. A similar averaged binding surface for cytochrome P-450cam and cytochrome c is suggested by their closely related degree of fluorescence enhancement, degree of emission blue shift, and binding free energies. Myoglobin binds less tightly, enhances fluorescence to a greater extent, and exhibits a larger blue shift in acrylodan emission spectra suggesting a different averaged binding orientation relative to the acrylodan probe.
Pyrite surface interaction with selected organic aqueous species under anoxic conditions (2000)

The interaction between low-molecular weight organic compounds and pyrite under anoxic conditions has been studied using a combination of electrophoresis and batch sorption experiments. The results suggest that acetate, carbamide, ethylamine, formamide, purine, D-ribose, and adenine, as well as the amino acids alanine, cysteine and glycine, interact within the electrophoretic shearplane of the pyrite surface. The observed surface interaction between the negatively charged surface of pyrite and the organic aqueous species takes place regardless of the formal charge of the aqueous species of interest. This indicates that the interaction of organic molecules with pyrite surfaces under anoxic conditions is dictated by interactions with specific surface sites (thiol or iron surface sites) rather than electrostatic forces. Dissolved metals typically enhance the interaction of the organics species. This enhancement is either due to an alteration in the distribution of thiol and iron groups on the pyrite surface or by the formation of ternary surface complexes.
The reaction of iodine and thiol-blocking reagents with human complement components C2 and factor B. Purification and <i>N</i>-terminal amino acid sequence of a peptide from C2a containing a free thiol group (1983)

Human complement components C2 and Factor B each contain one free thiol group/molecule. Reaction with p-chloromercuribenzoate destroyed the haemolytic activity of C2 but had no effect on Factor B. Reaction of C2 with I2 gave a 16-fold enhancement of its haemolytic activity. The pH optimum for the reaction was 7.0. The I2 reacted at the thiol group in C2 with a stoicheiometry of 1 mol of I2/mol of C2. The product of the reaction was unaffected by millimolar concentrations of dithiothreitol; however, azide and cyanide were inhibitory. Reaction with azide did not result in re-expression of the thiol group. Mild oxidation of the thiol group with m-chloroperbenzoic acid did not enhance the haemolytic activity. The results suggest that reaction with I2 causes intramolecular covalent, but not disulphide, bond formation. I2 reacted with Factor B at the free thiol group without affecting the haemolytic activity. A CNBr-cleavage peptide from C2a (obtained by cleavage of C2 by subcomponent C1s) containing the free thiol group was isolated. Automated Edman degradation of the peptide showed that it was the N-terminal peptide of C2a. The free thiol group was identified at position 18.
Tiagabine Therapy for Complex Partial Seizures (1997)

Tiagabine administered 2 and 4 times daily as add-on pharmacotherapy was effective in reducing CPSs in patients with epilepsy whose conditions were refractory to treatment with other antiepileptic agents, and it was well tolerated.
From Feature Detection in Truncated Signed Distance Fields to Sparse Stable Scene Graphs (2016)

With the increased availability of GPUs and multicore CPUs, volumetric map representations are an increasingly viable option for robotic applications. A particularly important representation is the truncated signed distance field (TSDF) that is at the core of recent advances in dense 3-D mapping. However, there is relatively little literature exploring the characteristics of 3-D feature detection in volumetric representations. In this letter, we evaluate the performance of features extracted directly from a 3-D TSDF representation. We compare the repeatability of Integral invariant features, specifically designed for volumetric images, to the 3-D extensions of Harris and Shi & Tomasi corners. We also study the impact of different methods for obtaining gradients for their computation. We motivate our study with an example application for building sparse stable scene graphs, and present an efficient GPU-parallel algorithm to obtain the graphs, made possible by the combination of TSDF and 3-D feature points. Our findings show that while the 3-D extensions of 2-D corner-detection perform as expected, integral invariants have shortcomings when applied to discrete TSDFs. We conclude with a discussion of the cause for these points of failure that sheds light on possible mitigation strategies.
Algorithm 582: The Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer and Gibbs-King Algorithms for Reordering Sparse Matrices (1982)

Given the structure of a symmetric or structurally s y m m e t r i c sparse matrix, G P S K C A a t t e m p t s to find a synlnaetric reordering of the matrix that produces a smaller bandwidth or profile. References [1], [4], [5], and [6] explain in detail the algorithms realized by G P S K C A . This algorithm provides the same m a t h e m a t i c a l capabilities as provided by R E D U C E , Algorithms 508, and 509, but requires less m e m o r y and time and removes some implicit restrictions on the matrices t h a t can be reordered. A description of the differences in the implementation and their effects is given in
A Review on Designing the Waterproof Breathable Fabrics Part I: Fundamental Principles and Designing Aspects of Breathable Fabrics (2008)

This paper describes basic principles and techniques involved in designing waterproof breathability fabrics. Breathable fabrics are available in a large variety, which can be categorized as — closely woven fabrics, microporous membranes and coating, hydrophilic membranes and coating, combination of microporous and hydrophilic membranes and coating, use of retroreflective microbeads, smart breathable fabrics and fabric based on biomimetics. Basic principles and mechanisms of water vapor transmission solely depend on the type of breathable fabrics. The formulation and application of microporous and hydrophilic membranes and coatings have been well researched in different fields of application. Smart breathable fabric and fabric based on biomimetics, which are of recent origin, are also showing their potential. The technology is continuously evolving in the areas of a cost-effective manufacturing process, improving material formulation to enhance the film's properties, and controlling pore sizes and their distributions, developing improved monolithic film and coating materials for a variety of applications. Method of incorporation of membrane, coating techniques, fabric substrate, lining material and above all the garment construction are also undergoing changes and play vital role in designing breathable garments.
Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming in Lisp (1991)

We describe the approach to the concurrent execution of object-oriented programs that is being research at the University of Bath. The aim of this project is the concurrent execution of both new Lisp programs and existing Lisp applications. We are pursuing this goal by addressing the problems of concurrent execution at several levels: static analysis of Lisp programs as a basis for semi-automatic transformation, modification of medium-sized Lisp programs to use concurrent primitives to gain experience in their use and behaviour and the implementation of various concurrency primitives in a compiled distributed heterogeneous Lisp environment. Each of these topics is described in turn and its relationship to the long term aim defined above is examined.
A Versatile Arc Melting Apparatus for Quenching Molten Metals and Ceramics (1971)

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Functional Role of c-Src in IL-1-Induced NF- B Activation: c-Src Is a Component of the IKK Complex (2005)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates numerous host responses through the rapid activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), but the signal pathways leading to NF-kappa B activation are regulated at multiple stages. Here, we propose a novel regulatory system for IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation by a tyrosine kinase, c-Src. The kinase activity of c-Src increases in an IL-1-dependent manner and the ectopic expression of c-Src augments IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation, suggesting the involvement of c-Src in IL-1 signaling. However, a Src family inhibitor, PP2 failed to inhibit IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation, and the expression of a c-Src mutant lacking kinase activity (c-Src KD) augmented IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation as well as wild type c-Src, indicating that the tyrosine kinase activity is not required for IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation. Furthermore, a physiological interaction between c-Src and I kappa B kinase gamma (IKK gamma) was observed, implying the involvement of c-Src in the IKK-complex. While c-Src augmented IL-1-induced IKK activation independent of its kinase activity, the region comprising amino acids 361-440 in the c-Src kinase domain are required for NF-kappa B activation. The same region of c-Src is also required for IL-1-induced IKK activation and the association with IKK gamma. Taken together, our results suggest that c-Src plays a critical role in IL-1-induced NF-kappa B activation through the IKK complex.
Lack of prognostic relevance of alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor—transforming growth factor-α pathway in human astrocytic gliomas (1996)

Alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its main ligand, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), were investigated for a possible prognostic relevance in 125 astrocytic gliomas (44 World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II, 19 WHO Grade III, and 62 WHO Grade IV tumors). The TGF alpha and EGFR proteins were detected immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. A positive immunoreaction to TGF alpha was detected in 33 (75%) of 44 WHO Grade II astrocytomas, 18 (95%) of 19 WHO Grade III astrocytoma, and 50 (81%) of 62 WHO Grade IV glioblastomas. No correlation between TGF alpha immunoreaction and duration of survival could be found. A positive EGFR immunoreaction was detected in seven (16%) of 44 WHO Grade II astrocytomas, five (26%) of 19 WHO Grade III astrocytomas, and 32 (52%) of 62 WHO Grade IV glioblastomas. Of these gliomas, 97 (26 WHO Grade II, 17 WHO Grade III, and 54 WHO Grade IV gliomas) were examined for EGFR gene amplification using a differential polymerase chain reaction assay. Amplification of the EGFR gene was detected in none of the WHO Grade II astrocytomas, one (6%) of 17 WHO Grade III astrocytomas, and 18 (33%) of 54 WHO Grade IV glioblastomas. Twenty-two of the tumors investigated showed a positive EGFR immunoreaction without detectable gene amplification (five WHO Grade II, four WHO Grade III, and 13 WHO Grade IV tumors). Gene amplification was invariably associated with a positive EGFR immunoreaction. For the entire study group, a strong correlation between EGFR alterations (gene amplification and positive immunoreaction) and survival could be found. However, this correlation only reflected the higher percentages of cases with EGFR alterations in malignant gliomas and was not an independent prognostic factor as determined by multifactorial analysis. These data demonstrate that EGFR alterations are frequent events in astrocytic gliomas and are largely restricted to glioblastomas. However, within one tumor grade they do not provide prognostic information.
Generation of controllable light pulses in an electron-beam-pumped laser (1972)

The results are given of an investigation of the time characteristics of an electron-beam-pumped GaAs sealed-enclosure laser. Spatial scanning of the electron beam across the GaAs crystal made it possible to vary the power, shape, and repetition frequency of 10−10–10−6 sec laser output pulses. The scanning was achieved by a wide-band system of deflecting plates and a grid modulation electrode.