gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Gangliosides at the Neuromuscular Junction Are Membrane Receptors for Autoantibodies and Botulinum Neurotoxin But Redundant for Normal Synaptic Function (2002)

One specialization of vertebrate presynaptic neuronal membranes is their multifold enrichment in complex gangliosides, suggesting that these sialoglycolipids may play a major functional role in synaptic transmission. We tested this hypothesis directly by studying neuromuscular synapses of mice lacking complex gangliosides attributable to deletion of the gene coding for beta1,4 GalNAc-transferase (GM2/GD2 synthase), which catalyzes an early step in ganglioside synthesis. Our studies show that complex gangliosides are surprisingly redundant for regulated neurotransmitter release under normal physiological conditions. In contrast, we show that they are membrane receptors for both the paralytic botulinum neurotoxin type-A and human neuropathy-associated anti-ganglioside autoantibodies that arise through molecular mimicry with microbial structures. These data prove the critical importance of complex gangliosides in mediating pathophysiological events at the neuromuscular synapse.
Increase MPC project efficiency by using a modern identification method (2001)

Abstract: In industrial model predictive control (MPC), there is a demand for efficient model identification technology. In this work we will study the identification of industrial processes for use in MPC. The advantages of closed-loop identification will be discussed and related issues are outlined. Then, the asymptotic method (ASYM) of identification is introduced. Two case studies are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the technology. The first one is a partial closed-loop identification of two distillation columns within a chemical plant. The second case is a total closed-loop identification of a simulated distillation column. 1
SiC Avalanche Photodiodes (2006)

In summary, 4H- and 6HSiC avalanche photodiodes have been fabricated and characterized. These APDs exhibit low dark current, high uniform gain, low excess noise, and external quantum efficiency in excess of 50%
Electrochemical Capacitors emPOWERING the 21st Century (2008)

The term “electrochemical capacitor” describes a diverse class of energy-storage devices that incorporate a variety of active materials (high surface-area carbons, electroactive polymers, and transition metal oxides and nitrides), electrolytes (conventional aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, advanced polymer electrolytes, and ionic liquids), and device configurations (symmetric and asymmetric).
Volterra Filtering for Nonlinearity Impairment Mitigation in DP-16QAM and DP-QPSK Fiber Optic Communication Systems (2011)

A reduced nonlinear Volterra filter is applied to 14 Gbaud DP-16QAM and 28 Gbaud DP-QPSK systems for nonlinearity mitigation. An increased reach of 500 km and 1200 km, respectively, is achieved compared to the non-Volterra filter case.
Increased induction of apoptosis by <i>Propionibacterium freudenreichii</i> TL133 in colonic mucosal crypts of human microbiota-associated rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (2008)

Propionibacterium freudenreichii, a food-grade bacterium able to kill colon cancer cell lines in vitro by apoptosis, may exert an anticarcinogenic effect in vivo. To assess this hypothesis, we administered daily 2 x 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of P. freudenreichii TL133 to human microbiota-associated (HMA) rats for 18 d. Either saline or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was also administered on days 13 and 17 and rats were killed on day 19. The levels of apoptosis and proliferation in the mid and distal colon were assessed by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabelling, respectively. The administration of P. freudenreichii TL133 significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in DMH-treated rats compared to those given DMH only (P < 0.01). Furthermore, propionibacteria were able to decrease the proliferation index in the distal colon after treatment with DMH (P < 0.01). Conversely, propionibacteria alone did not exert such an effect on healthy colonic mucosa. P. freudenreichii TL133 thus facilitated the elimination of damaged cells by apoptosis in the rat colon after genotoxic insult and may play a protective role against colon cancer.
Pristimerin. Spectroscopic Properties of the Dienone—Phenol-Type Rearrangement Products and Other Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPristimerin. Spectroscopic Properties of the Dienone—Phenol-Type Rearrangement Products and Other Derivatives1Koji Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Takahashi, and Herbert BudzikiewiczCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 6, 1729–1734Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01017a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01017a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the error correction of regular LDPC codes using the flipping algorithm (2007)

We apply the iterative bit flipping algorithm to the standard regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code ensemble. In the past it was shown, for a typical code in the ensemble with left degree at least five and block length sufficiently large, that this algorithm can correct all error patterns with some linear (in the block length) number of errors. We extend this result to the case where the left degree is at least four. For the case where the left degree is larger than four, we obtain an improvement of several orders of magnitude compared to the existing results on the fraction of worst case errors that can be corrected. We also show how our results can be improved when we consider random errors (as opposed to worst case errors) produced by the channel.
A new method for peptide synthesis by oxidation-reduction condensation (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new method for peptide synthesis by oxidation-reduction condensationTeruaki Mukaiyama, Masaaki Ueki, Hiroshi Maruyama, and Rei MatsuedaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 16, 4490–4491Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01018a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01018a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional fat distribution--implications for type II diabetes. (1992)

Abdominal obesity is closely associated with risk factors for cardiocerebrovascular disease and NIDDM and the precipitation of these diseases. Together, they seem to constitute a metabolic syndrome where hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, visceral fat accumulation, cardiocerebrovascular disease and NIDDM are the individual constituents. The background to this syndrome might be a primary aberration expressing itself as an increased sensitivity of the hypothalamo-adrenal axis, and subsequent inhibition of sex steroid hormone secretions. This in turn will probably be followed by metabolic derangements, primarily peripheral insulin resistance, as well as by visceral fat accumulation by mechanisms which are partially visualized by recent work in the field. Visceral fat accumulation may then amplify the metabolic aberrations via hepatic effects of excessive concentrations of portal FFA, producing hyperproteinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and, perhaps, hypertension. The background to the central endocrine aberration remains more speculative, but factors leading to increased cortisol production, including specific stress reactions, tobacco smoking and alcohol may turn out to be important. The tentative conclusion provides a hypothesis for further work, and has recently obtained considerable support from further observations in humans in other than the endocrine and metabolic areas, as well as from studies in experimental animal models, where such factors can be studied under fully controlled conditions, which is not possible in humans for ethical reasons.
The Trichrome Stain: A Modification (1983)

Trichrome stains have been used for many years in the examination of tissues for connective tissue. A simple method is described which is reliable, consistently reproducible and time-saving. The procedure eliminates the need for special fixation or post-mordanting. Staining times have been standardized and excellent results are produced.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes (2013)

Congenital myasthenic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction. A total of 14 congenital myasthenic syndrome genes have been shown to be causally related to congenital myasthenic syndromes, most of which encode postsynaptic neuromuscular junction proteins. In this chapter we will outline our current understanding of the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction and present the clinical features, investigations, and treatment of the different congenital myasthenic syndrome categories based on their underlying molecular defect.
L-4F Differentially Alters Plasma Levels of Oxidized Fatty Acids Resulting in more Anti-Inflammatory HDL in Mice (2010)

To determine in vivo if L-4F differentially alters plasma levels of oxidized fatty acids resulting in more anti-inflammatory HDL. Injecting L-4F into apoE null mice resulted in a significant reduction in plasma levels of 15-HETE, 5-HETE, 13-HODE and 9-HODE. In contrast, plasma levels of 20-HETE were not reduced and plasma levels of 14,15-EET, which are derived from the cytochrome P450 pathway, were elevated after injection of L-4F. Injection of 13(S)-HPODE into wild-type C57BL/6J mice caused an increase in plasma levels of 13-HODE and 9-HODE and was accompanied by a significant loss in the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL. The response of atherosclerosis resistant C3H/HeJ mice to injection of 13(S)-HPODE was similar but much more blunted. Injection of L-4F at a site different from that at which the 13(S)-HPODE was injected resulted in significantly lower plasma levels of 13-HODE and 9-HODE and significantly less loss of HDL anti-inflammatory properties in both strains. i) L-4F differentially alters plasma levels of oxidized fatty acids in vivo. ii) The resistance of the C3H/HeJ strain to atherosclerosis may in part be mediated by a reduced reaction of this strain to these potent lipid oxidants.
Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in seronegative homosexuals presenting with an acute viral syndrome (1987)

Early diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is difficult because patients may be seronegative for HIV at the time of presentation. We have used a serum HIV antigen (HIV-Ag) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to diagnose acute HIV infection in four high-risk patients. The clinical syndrome in these four patients was characterized by fever (four), rash (three), myalgiasarthralgias (three), and pharyngitis (two). All patients had spontaneous resolution of their symptoms within eight to 12 days. Serum HIV antibody, as measured by a commercially available screening EIA and by Western blot analysis, was negative in all patients at time of presentation and all seroconverted on subsequent testing. Human immunodeficiency virus was isolated from two of two patients during the acute illness. Initial serum samples from all four patients were positive for HIV-Ag. Serum samples of three of four patients became negative for HIV-Ag and positive for HIV antibody. These data suggest that serum HIV-Ag detection by EIA may be useful in the diagnosis of the acute syndrome caused by HIV infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1196-1199)
Significance analysis of time course microarray experiments (2005)

Characterizing the genome-wide dynamic regulation of gene expression is important and will be of much interest in the future. However, there is currently no established method for identifying differentially expressed genes in a time course study. Here we propose a significance method for analyzing time course microarray studies that can be applied to the typical types of comparisons and sampling schemes. This method is applied to two studies on humans. In one study, genes are identified that show differential expression over time in response to in vivo endotoxin administration. By using our method, 7,409 genes are called significant at a 1% false-discovery rate level, whereas several existing approaches fail to identify any genes. In another study, 417 genes are identified at a 10% false-discovery rate level that show expression changing with age in the kidney cortex. Here it is also shown that as many as 47% of the genes change with age in a manner more complex than simple exponential growth or decay. The methodology proposed here has been implemented in the freely distributed and open-source edge software package.
Frequent overexpression of the cyclin D1 oncogene in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. (1998)

Invasive lobular carcinoma comprises approximately 10% of human mammary cancers, yet little is known about the molecular basis of this carcinoma. Because cyclin D1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of breast carcinomas of the ductal type, we hypothesized that this confirmed oncogene might also participate in the development of lobular carcinomas. We sought to determine the frequency of cyclin D1 protein overexpression in invasive lobular carcinoma, to investigate the cause of the protein accumulation, and to identify the effects of high levels of the protein on the regulation of the cell cycle. The study group comprises 27 indisputable cases of invasive lobular carcinoma showing varying degrees of cytological atypia. Immunohistochemical staining using well-characterized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies disclosed cyclin D1 protein in the majority of the invasive lobular carcinoma cells in 80% of the tumors. In marked contrast, only rare cells of the noninvasive component (lobular carcinoma in situ) in the same tissue sections showed positive staining. Southern blotting of nine cases did not reveal evidence of cyclin D1 gene amplification. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, a protein present in all dividing cells, showed that most cells positive for cyclin D1 did not stain for Ki-67. We conclude that the vast majority of invasive lobular carcinomas show overexpression of cyclin D1 protein. The absence of cyclin D1 protein expression in the noninvasive cells suggests that the molecule plays a role in the progression to the invasive form of lobular carcinoma. In contrast to the ductal types of breast cancer, cyclin D1 gene amplification does not seem to cause the cyclin D1 protein overexpression in lobular cancers. The lack of correlation between cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression suggests that the cyclin D1 oncogene acts through mechanisms other than simple acceleration of the cell cycle clock in this subtype of human breast carcinoma.
Molecular design of crown ethers. 12. Complexation thermodynamics of 12- to 16-crown-4: thermodynamic origin of high lithium selectivity of 14-crown-4 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular design of crown ethers. 12. Complexation thermodynamics of 12- to 16-crown-4: thermodynamic origin of high lithium selectivity of 14-crown-4Yoshihisa Inoue, Tadao Hakushi, Yu Liu, and Lin Hui TongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 20, 5411–5413Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00072a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00072a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inferring yeast cell cycle regulators and interactions using transcription factor activities (2005)

By subjecting TFA profiles to analyses based upon physiological signatures we were able to identify cell cycle related transcription factors consistent with current literature, transcription factors with potential cell cycle dependent roles, and interactions between transcription factors.
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Homologous Recombination (2002)

The induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA by exposure to DNA damaging agents, or as intermediates in normal cellular processes, constitutes a severe threat for the integrity of the genome. If not properly repaired, DSBs may result in chromosomal aberrations, which, in turn, can lead to cell death or to uncontrolled cell growth. To maintain the integrity of the genome, multiple pathways for the repair of DSBs have evolved during evolution: homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and single-strand annealing (SSA). HR has the potential to lead to accurate repair of DSBs, whereas NHEJ and SSA are essentially mutagenic. In yeast, DSBs are primarily repaired via high-fidelity repair of DSBs mediated by HR, whereas in higher eukaryotes, both HR and NHEJ are important. In this review, we focus on the functional conservation of HR from fungi to mammals and on the role of the individual proteins in this process.
A distributed adaptive cache update algorithm for the dynamic source routing protocol (2005)

On-demand routing protocols use route caches to make routing decisions. Due to mobility, cached routes easily become stale. To address the cache staleness issue, prior work in DSR used heuristics with ad hoc parameters to predict the lifetime of a link or a route. However, heuristics cannot accurately predict timeouts because topology changes are unpredictable. In this paper, we propose to proactively disseminate the broken link information to the nodes that have that link in their caches. We define a new cache structure called a cache table and present a distributed cache update algorithm. Each node maintains in its cache table the information necessary for cache updates. When a link failure is detected, the algorithm notifies all reachable nodes that have cached the link in a distributed manner. The algorithm does not use any ad hoc parameters, thus making route caches fully adaptive to topology changes. We show that the algorithm outperforms DSR with path caches and with Link-MaxLife, an adaptive timeout mechanism for link caches. We conclude that proactive cache updating is the key to the adaptation of on-demand routing protocols to mobility.
Somatic <i>ERCC2</i> Mutations Correlate with Cisplatin Sensitivity in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (2014)

Somatic ERCC2 mutations correlate with complete response to cisplatin-based chemosensitivity in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, and clinically identified mutations lead to cisplatin sensitivity in vitro. Nucleotide excision repair pathway defects may drive exceptional response to conventional chemotherapy.
Improvement of Diesel Combustion and Emissions with Addition of Various Oxygenated Agents to Diesel Fuels (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effect of eight kinds of oxygenated agents added to diesel fuels on the combustion and emissions was investigated in a DI diesel engine. The results showed significant smoke and particulate suppression without increases in NOx with every oxygenated agent. The emissions decreased linearly with increasing oxygen content in the fuels, almost regardless of the kind of oxygenated agent. The improvement in smoke and particulate emissions with the oxygenated agent addition was more significant for lower volatility fuels. Combustion analysis with the two-dimensional two color method showed that soot concentration in the flame during the combustion process decreased with the addition of the oxygenated agent while the flame temperature distribution was almost unchanged.</div>