gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of a chronic progressive form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1, given early in the course of disease progression (2000)

A role for α4 and β7 integrins in mediating leucocyte entry into the central nervous system in the multiple sclerosis (MS)‐like disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been demonstrated. However, the individual contributions of their respective ligands mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1 (MAdCAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and E‐cadherin expressed on the blood–brain barrier has not been determined. In the present paper, it is shown that an antibody directed against MAdCAM‐1, the preferential ligand for α4β7, effectively prevented the development of a progressive, non‐remitting, form of EAE, actively induced by injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG 35–55 ) autoantigen. Combinational treatment with both anti‐MAdCAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) (ligand for integrin lymphocyte function‐associated antigen (LFA)‐1) mAbs led to more rapid remission than that obtained with anti‐MAdCAM‐1 antibody alone. However, neither MAdCAM‐1 monotherapy, nor combinational antibody blockade was preventative when administered late in the course of disease progression. In conclusion, MAdCAM‐1 plays a major contributory role in the progression of chronic EAE and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MS. Critically, antivascular addressin therapy must be given early in the course of disease prior to the establishment of irreversible damage if it is to be effective, as a single treatment modality.
OPERA: A Low Power Approach to the Next Generation Cloud Infrastructures (2016)

The continuous evolution of information and communication technology has led to a change in the adopted computing paradigms over time. Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in which users, depending on their specific requirements, access to a shared pool of computing resources dynamically allocated. Cloud computing represents, with respect to Grid computing, the evolutionary step towards the implementation of a ubiquitous computing service. Such paradigm leverages on the infrastructural capabilities (compute, storage, and network) of modern data centers to provide an adequate level of computational power able to satisfy users' requests. However, trying to continuously increase such capabilities comes at the cost of an increased energy consumption. Energy efficiency is, therefore, one of the major challenges that cloud providers must address. The OPERA project aims at bringing innovative solutions to increase the energy efficiency of cloud infrastructures, by leveraging on modular, high-density, heterogeneous and low power computing systems, which are able to cover the whole computing continuum. To this end, the project will design a high-density server solution in which low power processors and FPGA devices will be used to accelerate cloud workloads. High-speed optical interconnections will be used to connect the proposed server with high-performance nodes, such as OpenPOWER-based machines. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) represents a natural extension of cloud infrastructures since they can collect and process data locally, more specifically where they were generated. OPERA aims at researching energy efficiency of such cloud end-nodes by designing an ultra-low power computing system with reconfigurable radio frequency capabilities. The effectiveness of the whole platform will be demonstrated with key scenarios, specifically a road traffic monitoring application, the deployment of a virtual desktop infrastructure, and the deployment of a small data center on a truck.
The gene encoding plantaricin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum C11, is located on the same transcription unit as an agr-like regulatory system (1994)

Purification and amino acid sequencing of plantaricin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum C11, revealed that maximum bacteriocin activity is associated with the complementary action of two almost-identical peptides, alpha and beta (J. Nissen-Meyer, A. G. Larsen, K. Sletten, M. Daeschel, and I. F. Nes, J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:1973-1978, 1993). A 5-kb chromosomal HindIII restriction fragment containing the structural gene of plantaricin A was cloned and sequenced. Only one gene encoding plantaricin A was found. The gene, termed plnA, encodes a 48-amino-acid precursor peptide, of which the 22 and 23 C-terminal amino acids correspond to the purified peptides. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrated that a probe complementary to the coding strand of the plantaricin A gene hybridized to a 3.3-kb mRNA transcript. Further analysis of the 3.3-kb transcript demonstrated that it contains three additional open reading frames (plnB, plnC and plnD) downstream of plnA. The DNA sequences of plnB, plnC, and plnD revealed that their products closely resemble members of bacterial two-component signal transduction systems. The strongest homology was found to the accessory gene regulatory (agr) system, which controls expression of exoproteins during post-exponential growth in Staphylococcus aureus. The finding that plnABCD are transcribed from a common promoter suggests that the biological role played by the bacteriocin is somehow related to the regulatory function of the two-component system located on the same operon.
The interplay between genotype, metabolic state and cofactor treatment governs phenylalanine hydroxylase function and drug response (2011)

The discovery of a pharmacological treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) raised new questions about function and dysfunction of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), the enzyme deficient in this disease. To investigate the interdependence of the genotype, the metabolic state (phenylalanine substrate) and treatment (BH(4) cofactor) in the context of enzyme function in vitro and in vivo, we (i) used a fluorescence-based method for fast enzyme kinetic analyses at an expanded range of phenylalanine and BH(4) concentrations, (ii) depicted PAH function as activity landscapes, (iii) retraced the analyses in eukaryotic cells, and (iv) translated this into the human system by analyzing the outcome of oral BH(4) loading tests. PAH activity landscapes uncovered the optimal working range of recombinant wild-type PAH and provided new insights into PAH kinetics. They demonstrated how mutations might alter enzyme function in the space of varying substrate and cofactor concentrations. Experiments in eukaryotic cells revealed that the availability of the active PAH enzyme depends on the phenylalanine-to-BH(4) ratio. Finally, evaluation of data from BH(4) loading tests indicated that the patient's genotype influences the impact of the metabolic state on drug response. The results allowed for visualization and a better understanding of PAH function in the physiological and pathological state as well as in the therapeutic context of cofactor treatment. Moreover, our data underscore the need for more personalized procedures to safely identify and treat patients with BH(4)-responsive PAH deficiency.
Berberine attenuates cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice. (2015)

Cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammationmucus over-production is one of the most important pathogenic features of chronic airway diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine, a plant alkaloid with strong anti-inflammatory property, on cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucushypersecretion in mice. Mice with exposure to cigarette smoke wereintraperitonealy injected with berberin (5, 10 mg/kg·d). Inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined by ELISA.Lung tissue was examined for histopathological lesions and goblet cell hyperplasia. The expression of signaling proteins in lung tissue, ERK and P38 were detected using Western Blot. Cigarette smoke exposure significantly increased the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and it also induced goblet cell hyperplasiaand the expression of mucin-5ac in the airway of mice. Pretreatment of berberineinhibited cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and mucus production. Cigarette smoke exposure also increased the expression of ERK and P38, meanwhile, berberineintervention can inhibit such changes. In summary, berberine inhibits cigarette smoke exposure-induced airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in mice, which may partly act through inhibition of ERK and P38.
Systematic Evaluation of 1,2-Migratory Aptitude in Alkylidene Carbenes (2021)

Alkylidene carbenes undergo rapid inter- and intramolecular reactions and rearrangements, including 1,2-migrations of β-substituents to generate alkynes. Their propensity for substituent migration exerts profound influence over the broader utility of alkylidene carbene intermediates, yet prior efforts to categorize 1,2-migratory aptitude in these elusive species have been hampered by disparate modes of carbene generation, ultrashort carbene lifetimes, mechanistic ambiguities, and the need to individually prepare a series of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled precursors. Herein we report on the rearrangement of <sup>13</sup>C-alkylidene carbenes generated <i>in situ</i> by the homologation of carbonyl compounds with [<sup>13</sup>C]-Li-TMS-diazomethane, an approach that obviates the need for isotopically labeled substrates and has expedited a systematic investigation (<sup>13</sup>C{<sup>1</sup>H} NMR, DLPNO-CCSD(T)) of migratory aptitudes in an unprecedented range of more than 30 alkylidene carbenes. Hammett analyses of the reactions of 26 differentially substituted benzophenones reveal several counterintuitive features of 1,2-migration in alkylidene carbenes that may prove of utility in the study and synthetic application of unsaturated carbenes more generally.
Elastic properties of SnO<sub>2</sub> films (1993)

SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films have been recently used as reactive materials in gas sensors based on change of the electrical resistivity under gas exposure. In view of potential application of these films to surface acoustic waves (SAW) sensors, knowledge of their elastic properties is of current interest. We report here on results of the elastic characterization of SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films, with thicknesses in the range between 0.2 and 3 μm, prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Brillouin light spectroscopy has been exploited in older to determine the phase velocity of both surface and bulk acoustic modes on films deposited on (001)-Si substrates. Moreover, an ultrasonic technique has been used to measure the group velocity of the Rayleigh wave in layered structures consisting of a piezoelectric plate (quartz or LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) coveted with a SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> overlayer. The whole information gained by use of these two techniques has been used for determining the effective elastic constants and the mass density of the SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films. SAW attenuation and temperature coefficient of delay on the film material have been also evaluated
Proteins: Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity (2008)

Abstract Protein bioconjugation is a critically important tool for the elucidation of enzyme mechanisms, the tracking of biomolecules in living systems, the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties, and the construction of new materials. All these applications rely on a continually expanding set of chemical reactions that can modify native protein functionality in aqueous solution under mild pH and temperature conditions. To survey these techniques, this article provides an introduction to the chemical reactivity of the amino acid side chains, with an emphasis on the selectivity that can be achieved using a particular reactive strategy. Site‐selective techniques that target the unique reactive properties of N‐terminal residues are also reviewed, as are native chemical ligation methods for the modification of the C‐terminus. Whenever possible, the mechanistic aspects of the reactions are discussed, as these considerations provide the foundation for future reaction development. The article concludes with a brief description of labeling reactions that selectively target unnatural functional groups in the presence of native protein functionality.
Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and their use in the diagnosis of infection (1990)

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) were prepared. Using Western blot (WB) analysis, the MAbs obtained were divided into two groups, one reacting with the major structural proteins of Mr 61K and 38K, and the other giving negative reactions. Both groups of MAbs, however, reacted specifically with RHDV in ELISA and by immunoperoxidase (IP) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests with infected cells. As demonstrated by WB using RHDV-specific MAbs and a MAb to feline calicivirus (FCV) strain F9, the major structural (capsid) proteins of RHDV and FCV have very similar sizes (Mr61K and 38K compared to 62K to 64K and 40K respectively). No cross-reactions of MAbs with proteins of the other virus were observed in WB analysis, ELISA, IP tests or IF. The high specificity and sensitivity of RHDV-specific MAbs make them suitable for the routine IP and IF diagnosis of RHDV in liver cells of rabbits dying after natural or experimental infections.
Tossing monkey wrenches into the clock: New ways of treating cancer (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Printing Motion-Picture Films Immersed in a Liquid Part III: Evaluation of Liquids (1958)

The elimination of the effect of negative support scratches by printing with the negative in intimate contact with a liquid requires a liquid with very specific properties. The criteria that influence the selection of a liquid are described. In the absence of a perfect liquid, the requirements of specific printing techniques must be analyzed in relation to possible compromise liquids or liquid mixtures. Over 90 compounds are evaluated by a system of “ratings” of their capabilities for use in printing. Decahydronaphthalene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and mixtures of Freon-113 liquid or methyl chloroform with tetrachloroethylene, or toluene are suggested as practical compromise liquids.
RNA-directed DNA methylation regulates parental genomic imprinting at several loci in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2013)

In mammals and plants, parental genomic imprinting restricts the expression of specific loci to one parental allele. Imprinting in mammals relies on sex-dependent de novo deposition of DNA methylation during gametogenesis but a comparable mechanism was not shown in plants. Rather, paternal silencing by the maintenance DNA methyltransferase 1 (MET1) and maternal activation by the DNA demethylase DEMETER (DME) cause maternal expression. However, genome-wide studies suggested other DNA methylation-dependent imprinting mechanisms. Here, we show that de novo RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) regulates imprinting at specific loci expressed in endosperm. RdDM in somatic tissues is required to silence expression of the paternal allele. By contrast, the repression of RdDM in female gametes participates with or without DME requirement in the activation of the maternal allele. The contrasted activity of DNA methylation between male and female gametes appears sufficient to prime imprinted maternal expression. After fertilization, MET1 maintains differential expression between the parental alleles. RdDM depends on small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The involvement of RdDM in imprinting supports the idea that sources of siRNAs such as transposons and de novo DNA methylation were recruited in a convergent manner in plants and mammals in the evolutionary process leading to selection of imprinted loci.
InAs-GaSb superlattice energy structure and its semiconductor-semimetal transition (1978)

We performed a band calculation, based on the LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals) method, for the InAs-GaSb superlattice. Of possible semiconductor combinations the InAs-GaSb is of special interest because of indications that at a heterojunction interface the bottom of the conduction band of InAs lies below the top of the valence band of GaSb. Our results show that the InAs-GaSb superlattice is a semiconductor when the layers of the constituent materials are thin, and becomes a semimetal when the layer thicknesses are increased. The critical InAs thickness for this transition is approximately 115 \AA{}, over which the electrons from the valence band of GaSb "flood" the conduction band of InAs. For the thick-layer limit, we treat the problem in a Fermi-Thomas approximation.
Problems with lamp current control using a PWM signal (2002)

In electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps, it is common to use a half-bridge inverter. If the half-bridge switches are not gated with a 1:1 ratio, a PWM signal is generated at the output of the half-bridge to drive the lamp. To filter out the DC component of the lamp drive, a coupling capacitor is used. Despite of having no DC component in the lamp current, the darkening of one end of the lamp can be observed. This is caused by a discovered nonlinear electrophoresis effect of the mercury in the lamp. To avoid this effect, a new driving scheme for the half-bridge switches is presented. It can be described as toggled duty cycle (TDC). Some properties of the TDC are discussed.
Brodalumab and ixekizumab, anti-interleukin-17-receptor antibodies for psoriasis: a critical appraisal (2012)

Papp et al. and Leonardi et al. concluded that brodalumab and ixekizumab, respectively, significantly improved plaque psoriasis in 12-week, phase II studies. For difficult-to-treat areas such as the scalp and nails, significant differences from placebo were observed with ixekizumab treatment. These trials were not large enough or of long enough duration to ascertain uncommon adverse events or to assess the risk of infection or cardiovascular events.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage in an Experimental Rodent Model of Blast-Mediated Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Our study demonstrates that decrements in retinal ganglion cell responses can be detected after blast injury using noninvasive functional and structural tests. These objective responses may serve as surrogate tests for higher CNS functions following traumatic brain injury that are difficult to quantify.
Polymorphisms in <i>C2</i>, <i>CFB</i> and <i>C3</i> are associated with progression to advanced age related macular degeneration associated with visual loss (2008)

This study provides insights into the genetic pathogenesis of AMD. Five genes have now been shown to be independently involved in progression from intermediate disease (before vision loss has occurred) to advanced disease in which blindness is frequent.
Seronegative neonatal myasthenia gravis in one of the twins. (2004)

Neonatal myasthenia gravis has been described as a transient condition affecting only a small percent of neonates. We report a twin gestation in a seronegative mother with myasthenia gravis, in which only one twin was affected.
Application of high-speed videography for in-flight deformation measurements of aircraft propellers (2008)

A combination of high-speed stroboscopic imaging with the Image Pattern Correlation Technique (IPCT) enables for non-intrusive measurement of surface deformation of fast vibrating or rotating objects. In this paper the dedicated instrumentation for the measurement of the deformation of aircraft propellers as well as first results of its application will be described.
Relatedness of O-specific lipopolysaccharide side chain genes from strains of Shigella boydii type 12 belonging to two clonal groups and from Escherichia coli O7:K1 (1991)

The O-specific lipopolysaccharide side chains of Escherichia coli O7 and Shigella boydii type 12 possess similar but not identical chemical structures. We investigated the genetic relatedness between the O-specific side chain genes in members of these two species. Examination of outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) banding patterns demonstrated that five strains which had been identified as S. boydii type 12 fell into two clonal groups, SB1 and SB2. Hybridizations with O7-specific radiolabeled probes derived from the chromosomal DNA of an E. coli O7 strain detected identical fragments among the three SB1 strains of S. boydii type 12 and the two E. coli O7 reference isolates. The two other S. boydii type 12 strains, which belonged to the SB2 clone, did not show homologies with the O7 probe under high-stringency conditions of hybridization. The homology between the O7 and type 12 LPS gene regions from the SB1 strains was further confirmed by the construction of O-specific side chain-deficient mutations in these strains by homologous recombination of a suicide plasmid containing O7-specific DNA sequences. Immunoblot experiments with O7 antiserum gave a weak cross-reaction with LPS purified from the SB2 strains but a very strong cross-reaction with the LPS from SB1 isolates. Antiserum raised to one of the SB2 strains cross-reacted only with S. boydii type 12 LPS from the SB1 clone but failed to react with O7 LPS.
Query translation between RDF and XML: A case study in the educational domain (2005)

RDF is used as a central building block for the Semantic Web. Considering providers of learning resources, it is commonplace to store and exchange meta-information in XML rather than RDF. Instead of transforming meta-data artefacts into RDF, we integrate these meta-data by translating users’ queries issued against RDF into queries over XML meta-data. We demonstrate the applicability of our query translation method in a concrete application scenario taken from the educational domain.
Principles and prevention of corrosion (1991)

1. The Technology and Evaluation of Corrosion. 2. Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Electrode Potential. 3. Electrochemical Kinetics of Corrosion. 4. Passivity. 5. Polarization Methods to Measure Corrosion Rate. 6. Galvanic and Concentration Cell Corrosion. 7. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion. 8. Environmentally Induced Cracking. 9. Effects of Metallurgical Structure on Corrosion. 10. Corrosion-Related Damage by Hydrogen, Erosion, and Wear. 11. Corrosion in Selected Corrosive Environments. 12. Atmospheric Corrosion and Elevated Temperature Oxidation. 13. Cathodic Protection. 14. Coatings and Inhibitors. 15. Materials Selection and Design. Index.
Comparison of local plane fitting methods for range data (2005)

In this research, we introduce a reasonable noise model for range data which is obtained by a laser radar range finder, and derive two simple approximate solutions of optimal local plane fitting the range data under the noise model. We compare our methods with general least-squares based methods, such as Z-function fitting, the eigenvalue method, the maximum likelihood estimation method, and the renormalization method, an iterative method to obtain the optimal fitting of planes of range data under the noise model. All the methods are compared and evaluated using both synthetic range data and real range data with ground truth. From the experimental evaluation results, the proposed methods are shown to be effective, and the general least-squares-based methods are shown to be unsuitable for the assumed noise model.
LOS MAMIFEROS DEL TROPICO-HUMEDO DEL SURESTE DE MEXICO (1986)

LOS MAMIFEROS QUE SE DISTRIBUYEN EN MEXICO ALCANZAN SU MAYOR DIVERSIDAD EN LAS ZONAS TROPICO-HUMEDAS DEL SURESTE.