gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of load‐balancing mechanism at command level on UNIX (1995)

Abstract This paper proposes a design and implementation of a new load‐balancing mechanism at the command level on UNIX operating systems. In this mechanism, only the command interpreter bash is modified to have a new command executed on the lightest‐loaded computer, and efficient load balancing is made without modifying the UNIX kernel or application program. In the author's implementation, load is measured by statistics information server rstatd on each computer when a new command arrives, and the new command is assigned to the lightest‐loaded computer among the local host and the computers that respond faster than it. Using this method, loads can be balanced even when there is no idle computer, and the system can be made fault‐tolerant in the case where some machines are down. This mechanism also has network transparency, such as file location transparency and preservation of command execution environment, by using REX for remote execution, which is provided on many UNIX systems as one of the RPC (remote procedure call) services.
Monitoring of the Southern Gold Coast Beach Nourishment Project - 1995 Update Report (1995)

The monitoring program for Stage 1 of the Southern Gold Coast Beach Nourishment Project was designed to aid the nourishment works, to evaluate the effectiveness of the nourishment, to aid the design of subsequent nourishments and to supplement knowledge of coastal processes within the region. Monitoring included hydrographic and topographic surveys, sediment analyses, aerial and ground photography, wave recording, nearshore current measurements, COPE (Coastal Observation Programme-Engineering) observations and inspections. A progress report, giving sediment budget results for the first three years, has been presented previously. This update report gives the results of all analyses that have been carried out to date for the five year monitoring program.
Nucleation and Equilibration via Surface Diffusion: An Experimental Study (2008)

Structures grown via self-assembly are a unique field in nanotechnology. The morphology of self-assembled structures is affected by the balance between kinetics and thermodynamics during growth. Hence structures with tailored morphologies and properties can be created with adjustments in growth conditions. In this thesis we study crystal nucleation and equilibration, for both real and model systems. The growth of thin bismuth films is investigated on three atomically flat surfaces; Mica, Molybdenum di Sulphide, and highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG). Films are grown under UHV conditions, and characterised using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For coverages of only a few monolayers, bismuth particles are found to aggregate into flat, isolated islands. Islands have characteristic heights and morphologies for each substrate. By altering the deposition flux and coverage, the island density and morphology can be manipulated. On HOPG substrates, planar islands grown at low flux are replaced by 1D structures at high temperature. These anisotopic structures result from an anisotropy in bond strengths at the crystal-vapour interface. Depositing Bi on HOPG substrates at low flux or high temperature conditions produces nanorods aligned (roughly) perpendicular to step edges on the graphite. The aspect ratios (ARs) of these 1D structures are found to increase as the deposition flux is lowered, or the substrate temperature is increased. The Arrhenius dependence of the AR is determined from experiment. A Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model for high AR step-edge aggregates was developed, determining the likely growth mechanism for the nanorods. A scaling regime devised from the KMC results predicts the dependence of nanorod ARs on flux and temperature, and allows an estimation of the energy binding Bi dimers to the sides of nanorods. Thin films can also be grown via the self-assembly of atomic clusters. After deposition coalescence of clusters has implications for the film morphology, and properties. We use KMC simulations to investigate the coalescence of pairs of 3D atomic clusters (15000 to 130000 atoms in size) via lattice based surface diffusion. For early coalescence stages, the radius of the neck region connecting the two clusters is found to develop with a different powerlaw to classical theory. For later coalescence stages, when the nucleation of new atomic layers on facets of the cluster is required for further coalescence the temperature, cluster size, and cluster orientation all influence the coalescence. Equilibration times for clusters coalescing at high temperature are found to be limited by the dissociation of atomic layers.
Improvement of IBAD MgO template layers on metallic substrates for YBCO HTS deposition (2003)

We present our results to improve ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of magnesia (MgO) templates for subsequent YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) deposition. The substrate surface roughness has a significant effect on the initial nucleation texture of IBAD MgO films. We have found that reduction in our substrate surface roughness to /spl sim/ 3.5 nm has resulted in better in-plane texture for IBAD MgO films than those deposited on rougher metal substrates. We have further improved the IBAD MgO deposition parameters by using an in situ reflected high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) analysis tool that allows for monitoring of IBAD MgO growth. We have found a direct correlation between the RHEED generated intensity versus time curve and in-plane texture. Utilizing X-ray diffraction analysis, we have been able to determine the optimum deposition parameters to routinely grow films in batch mode that have a phi scan /spl Delta//spl phi/ from 6 - 7/spl deg/. Coupling the improvements in substrate preparation with optimization of IBAD MgO deposition has allowed for both batch and continuous deposition (termed c-IBAD MgO) on metallic substrates that result in superior superconducting properties. We have demonstrated that deposited meter lengths have had phi scan FWHM values from 8 - 9/spl deg/ with /spl plusmn/ 10% uniformity. Additionally, we have been able to widen the processing zone in our system and coat two, one-meter lengths simultaneously while preserving good texture quality (/spl Delta//spl phi//sub ave/ /spl sim/ 8/spl deg/) and uniformity (60 - 80% of tape length within /spl plusmn/ 5% of /spl Delta//spl phi//sub ave/) for both tapes.
New low current memory modes with giant magneto-resistance materials (1993)

Memory cells made with giant magnetoresistance (GMR) material have substantial differences in resistance for the two storage states even without the presence of sense current. Because of the large outputs, static memory cells requiring reduced currents can be made. Additional memory modes can be achieved because the resistance change depends on the angle between the magnetization in the two layers rather than the angle between the sense current and the magnetization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supervised Sentence Fusion with Single-Stage Inference (2013)

Sentence fusion—the merging of sentences containing similar information— has been shown to be useful in an abstractive summarization context. We present a new dataset of sentence fusion instances obtained from evaluation datasets in summarization shared tasks and use this dataset to explore supervised approaches to sentence fusion. Our proposed inference approach recovers the highest scoring output fusion under an n-gram factorization using a compact integer linear programming formulation that avoids cycles and disconnected structures. In addition, we introduce simple fusion-specific features and constraints that outperform a compression-inspired baseline as well as a variant that relies on human-identified concept spans for perfect content selection. 1
Learning and recognizing human dynamics in video sequences (2002)

This paper describes a probabilistic decomposition of human dynamics at multiple abstractions, and shows how to propagate hypotheses across space, time, and abstraction levels. Recognition in this framework is the succession of very general low level grouping mechanisms to increased specific and learned model based grouping techniques at higher levels. Hard decision thresholds are delayed and resolved by higher level statistical models and temporal context. Low-level primitives are areas of coherent motion found by EM clustering, mid-level categories are simple movements represented by dynamical systems, and high-level complex gestures are represented by Hidden Markov Models as successive phases of ample movements. We show how such a representation can be learned from training data, and apply It to the example of human gait recognition.
Polypyrrole: a conducting polymer; its synthesis, properties and applications (1997)

The synthesis, properties and applications of polypyrrole (PPy), a representative of conducting polymers, are reviewed. Chemical and electrochemical methods for the preparation of PPy and PPy films and the effect of the reaction conditions on the properties of the polymer produced are discussed. The mechanisms of electrochemical polymerisation of pyrrole are compared. The physicomechanical properties of the polymer, its morphology and structure are discussed. The mechanism of charge transfer in PPy is considered within the framework of the model of quasi-equilibrium concentrations of polarons and bipolarons. The methods for modification of the electrochemical performance of PPy are reviewed, in particular, synthesis of PPy from pyrrole derivatives with the appropriate electroactive groups and introduction in the PPy of electroactive dopant anions and the effect of those on the electrochemical performance of PPy films are considered. Examples of the use of PPy are given and the prospects for its application in various areas are discussed. The bibliography includes 254 references.
<i>In situ</i> formation of biodegradable dextran‐based hydrogel via Michael addition (2012)

Abstract Vinyl‐sulfone‐functionalized dextran (Dex‐VS) was readily prepared by a single‐batch synthetic procedure at room temperature. The thiol molecule, 1,4‐dithioerythritol (DTE, commercially available) with two terminal thiol groups was used as crosslinking agent. Hydrogels were rapidly prepared in situ by Michael addition under mild physiological conditions. Properties including gelation duration, mechanical modulus, and degradation behavior could be expediently controlled. Moreover, the hydrogels had comparatively low cytotoxicity, and the in vivo tests demonstrated an effective delivery of growth factor. This study might provide a powerful material to be used in tissue regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Carrier lifetime measurements in short-period InAs/GaSb strained-layer superlattice structures (2009)

Minority carrier lifetime and interband absorption in midinfrared range of spectra were measured in InAs/GaSb strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates. The carrier lifetime in 200-period undoped 7 ML InAs/8 ML GaSb SLS with AlSb carrier confinement layers was determined by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and from analysis of PL response to sinwave-modulated excitation. Study of PL kinetics in frequency domain allowed for direct lifetime measurements with the excess carrier concentration level of 3.5×1015 cm−3. The minority carrier lifetime of 80 ns at T=77 K was obtained from dependence of the carrier lifetime on excitation power.
Modeling Users' Activity on Twitter Networks: Validation of Dunbar's Number (2011)

Microblogging and mobile devices appear to augment human social capabilities, which raises the question whether they remove cognitive or biological constraints on human communication. In this paper we analyze a dataset of Twitter conversations collected across six months involving 1.7 million individuals and test the theoretical cognitive limit on the number of stable social relationships known as Dunbar's number. We find that the data are in agreement with Dunbar's result; users can entertain a maximum of 100-200 stable relationships. Thus, the 'economy of attention' is limited in the online world by cognitive and biological constraints as predicted by Dunbar's theory. We propose a simple model for users' behavior that includes finite priority queuing and time resources that reproduces the observed social behavior.
Phase I Trial of a CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Peptide Epitope-Based Vaccine for Infectious Mononucleosis (2007)

A single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center phase I clinical trial of a CD8(+) T-cell peptide epitope vaccine against infectious mononucleosis was conducted with 14 HLA B*0801-positive, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative adults. The vaccine comprised the HLA B*0801-restricted peptide epitope FLRGRAYGL and tetanus toxoid formulated in a water-in-oil adjuvant, Montanide ISA 720. FLRGRAYGL-specific responses were detected in 8/9 peptide-vaccine recipients and 0/4 placebo vaccine recipients by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay and/or limiting-dilution analysis. The same T-cell receptor Vbeta CDR3 sequence that is found in FLRGRAYGL-specific T cells from most EBV-seropositive individuals could also be detected in the peripheral blood of vaccine recipients. The vaccine was well tolerated, with the main side effect being mild to moderate injection site reactions. After a 2- to 12-year follow-up, 1/2 placebo vaccinees who acquired EBV developed infectious mononucleosis, whereas 4/4 vaccinees who acquired EBV after completing peptide vaccination seroconverted asymptomatically. Single-epitope vaccination did not predispose individuals to disease, nor did it significantly influence development of a normal repertoire of EBV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses following seroconversion.
Identification of the Binding Surface on Cdc42Hs for p21-Activated Kinase (1998)

The Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins is involved in a number of cellular signaling events including, but not limited to, tumorigenesis, intracellular trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. The Rho subfamily, of which Cdc42Hs is a member, is involved in cell morphogenesis through a GTPase cascade which regulates cytoskeletal changes. Cdc42Hs has been shown to stimulate DNA synthesis as well as to initiate a protein kinase cascade that begins with the activation of the p21-activated serine/threonine kinases (PAKs). We have determined previously the solution structure of Cdc42Hs [Feltham et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 8755-8766] using NMR spectroscopy. A minimal-binding domain of 46 amino acids of PAK was identified (PBD46), which binds Cdc42Hs with a KD of approximately 20 nM and inhibits GTP hydrolysis. The binding interface was mapped by producing a fully deuterated sample of 15N-Cdc42Hs bound to PBD46. A 1H,15N-NOESY-HSQC spectrum demonstrated that the binding surface on Cdc42Hs consists of the second beta-strand (beta2) and a portion of the loop between the first alpha-helix (alpha1) and beta2 (switch I). A complex of PBD46 bound to 15N-Cdc42Hs.GMPPCP exhibited extensive chemical shift changes in the 1H,15N-HSQC spectrum. Thus, PBD46 likely produces structural changes in Cdc42Hs which are not limited to the binding interface, consistent with its effects on GTP hydrolysis. These results suggest that the kinase-binding domain on Cdc42Hs is similar to, but more extensive than, the c-Raf-binding domain on the Ras antagonist, Rap1 [Nassar et al. (1995) Nature 375, 554-560)].
Single DNA Molecule Detection Using Nanopipettes and Nanoparticles (2005)

Single DNA molecules labeled with nanoparticles can be detected by blockades of ionic current as they are translocated through a nanopipette tip formed by a pulled glass capillary. The nanopipette detection technique can provide not only tools for detection and identification of single DNA and protein molecules but also deeper insight and understanding of stochastic interactions of various biomolecules with their environment.
Patient-specific Computational Hemodynamic Analysis for Interrupted Aortic Arch in an Adult: Implications for Aortic Dissection Initiation (2019)

The guideline for the treatment of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) in adults has not been established although most centers tend to propose surgery. There is no clear evidence for the preferred selection of surgical repair versus conservatively medical treatment for the uncertain effects of both treatments. However, reports of sporadic aortic dissection (AD) of descending aorta (DAo) in IAA in adults before surgery drew our attention. It is quite perplexing because there seems to be no risk factors for the development of AD at DAo such as long-term uncontrolled hypertension, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm or genetic disorder. In this paper, we carried out the numerical investigation on the hemodynamics in a patient-specific IAA model, which was reconstructed from computed tomography images. Hemodynamic parameters including the flow pattern, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS) indicators were obtained. The simulation revealed that the jet flows from the collateral arteries (CAs) induced risk hemodynamic forces on the lumen wall including high time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), high pressure and rapid change of WSS direction throughout the cardiac cycle. Moreover, it is found that only a jet flow which circumferentially washes out the aortic wall might cause tears on the wall. It is concluded that the specific geometrical features of the extensive major CAs might result in the risky hemodynamics leading to the initiation and development of AD in this particular IAA patient. CFD analysis in IAA can provide a clinical reference, and the results should be further studied in depth in the future.
Role of Exogenous Adenosine Triphosphate in Catabolic and Synthetic Activities of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> (1969)

The synthetic activities of isolated cells of the meningopneumonitis strain (MN) of Chlamydia psittaci were investigated and further observations were made on their catabolic reactions. These observations included the demonstration of CO(2) production from aspartate in the presence of pyruvate and the formation of pyruvate from glucose-6-phosphate. Both reactions were enhanced by added adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Of a large number of compounds tested, only glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, aspartate, and isoleucine were shown to furnish carbons that were incorporated into molecules precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. The reactions with pyruvate, aspartate, and isoleucine were dependent entirely, or almost entirely, on added ATP, and the reaction with glucose-6-phosphate was enhanced by ATP. Except for CO(2), which greatly stimulated the reactions, the addition of a number of other compounds or a combination of compounds, such as cofactors, amino acids, and purine and pyrimidine bases, did not greatly affect incorporation. About 95% of the activity of the trichloroacetic acid precipitates was recovered in the chloroform-methanol soluble fraction.
A modular technique for the design of efficient distributed leader finding algorithms (1985)

A general, modular technique for designing efficient leader finding algorithms in distributed, asynchronous networks is developed. This technique reduces the relatively complex problem of efficient leader finding to a simpler problem of efficient serial traversing of the corresponding network. The message complexity of the resulted leader finding algorithms is bounded by (f(n)+n)logn [ or (f (m )+n )logn ], where n is the number of nodes in the network [rrL is the number of edges in the network], and f (n) [f (rn)] is the message complexity of traversing the nodes [edges] of the network. This result achieves in a unified way the best known upper bounds on the message complexity of leader finding algorithms for circular, complete and Eulerian networks, and generalizes to other classes of more complex networks. Also, some known results are thus improved by a constant factor.
The influence of plant growth regulators on root and shoot growth of containerized trees following root removal (1998)

SummaryThree plant growth regulators (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) singly and in combination, were incorporated as a drench into the growing medium of containerized Alnus rubra, Sorbus aucuparia, Tilia × europea and Quercus robur following removal of half of the root system. Unpruned trees drenched with distilled water were used as controls. Irrespective of species, applications of auxin solutions at 10 g 1–1 was associated with 100% mortality by week 16. In all cases leaf chlorophyll fluorescence values and necrosis of unpruned trees (controls) remained relatively constant. Root removal and application of distilled water reduced leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and increased necrosis regardless of species. Minimal leaf necrosis and high chlorophyll fluorescence were recorded following application of IAA, IBA, IAA + IBA and IAA + IBA (1 g 1–1) to Q. robur, T. × europea, S. aucuparia, and A. rubra, respectively. Generally treatments of NAA alone or in combination with IAA or IBA had no significant effect or increased leaf necrosis and reduced chlorophyll fluorescence. By week 8 applications of PGRs had no significant effect upon shoot dry weight; however root dry weights and root: shoot ratio were significantly reduced in the majority of trees tested. By week 25 applications of IAA, IBA, IAA + IBA, IAA + NAA + IBA significantly increased root weight and root:shoot ratio (P<0.01) of all species tested compared with controls; no significant effects upon shoot dry weight were recorded. Applications of NAA singly or in combination with IAA or IBA generally had no significant effect upon root dry weight of S. aucuparia, increased root dry weight of Q. robur and T. × europea but decreased root dry weight of A. rubra. A species-specific response to individual and combinations of auxins was demonstrated.
Atomic ordering in InGaAsP and InGaAs grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1992)

We report on a systematic study of atomic ordering in InGaAsP and InGaAs grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. InGaAsP lattice matched to InP, grown in a temperature range of 625–650 °C, reveals atomic ordering on the (111) plane (variant I) and the (11̄1̄) plane (variant II) of the group III sublattice. The extent of atomic ordering increases with decreasing growth temperature and increasing In to Ga ratio. No orderings are observed in InGaAsP grown at 700 °C or in In0.53Ga0.47As lattice matched to InP at all our growth temperatures, in contrast to the commonly believed occurrence of maximum ordering at 1/1 In to Ga ratio. The facts that these conditions differ significantly from the reported conditions for InGaAsP grown by other techniques strongly suggests that the atomic ordering formation is controlled by the surface kinetics and growth environment, i.e., chemistry at the reactive gas-solid surface, fluid dynamics of the reactive gases, and growth temperature, rather than the composition and growth temperature. A fine structure observed in the superspots associated with the atomic ordering in the electron diffraction pattern indicates a possible superlattice structure formed by alternating variant I and variant II ordered layers. Misfit strain as well as sulfur dopant are shown to have no effect on the atomic ordering. Zinc dopant, however, totally eliminates the atomic ordering and shifts the energy band gap to a larger band gap.