gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymers from multifunctional isocyanates. 5. Synthesis of liquid-crystalline polyurethanes from (methyl-substituted)diisocyanato-substituted benzoates (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymers from multifunctional isocyanates. 5. Synthesis of liquid-crystalline polyurethanes from (methyl-substituted)diisocyanato-substituted benzoatesWerner Mormann and Martin BrahmCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5, 1096–1101Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00005a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00005a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deprivation-induced synaptic depression by distinct mechanisms in different layers of mouse visual cortex (2007)

Long-term depression (LTD) induced by low-frequency synaptic stimulation (LFS) was originally introduced as a model to probe potential mechanisms of deprivation-induced synaptic depression in visual cortex. In hippocampus, LTD requires activation of postsynaptic NMDA receptors, PKA, and the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. It has long been assumed that LTD induced in visual cortical layer 2/3 by LFS of layer 4 uses similar mechanisms. Here we show in mouse visual cortex that this conclusion requires revision. We find that LTD induced in layer 2/3 by LFS is unaffected by inhibitors of PKA or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor endocytosis but is reliably blocked by an endocannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist. Conversely, LFS applied to synapses on layer 4 neurons produces LTD that appears mechanistically identical to that in CA1 and is insensitive to CB1 blockers. Occlusion experiments suggest that both mechanisms contribute to the loss of visual responsiveness after monocular deprivation.
교정시설에 대한 시설관리자 측면의 요구사항 도출 및 중요도 분석 (2012)

본 연구는 교정시설에 대한 시설관리자 측면의 요구사항 도출 및 중요도 분석을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2000년 이후 준공된 교정시설 11곳을 사례대상으로 선정한 후, 선정된 교정시설의 시설관리자에 대한 설문조사를 통해 요구사항을 도출하였다. 이렇게 도출된 요구사항을 기초로 시설관리자 설문조사를 통해 중요도 지수조사한 후 AHP기법을 활용하여 요구사항의 중요도를 분석하였다. 상기와 같은 목적과 방법에 따라 진행된 본 연구의 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 교정시설에 대한 시설관리자 측면의 요구사항은 배치 및 동선, 건축마감, 기계설비, 전기설비의 총 4가지 분야로 도출되었다. 2) 각 분야별 요구사항의 중요도 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 배치 및 동선분야는 건물배치계획(10.9%)이 주요 요구사항으로 선정되었다. 건축마감분야는 차음성개선(14.1%)이 주요 요구사항으로 선정되었다. 기계설비분야는 개별 냉?난방시스템 구축(11.9%)이 주요 요구사항으로 선정되었다. 전기설비분야는 제어장치 개선(12.2%)이 주요 요구사항으로 선정되었다.
Temperature Coefficients of Refractive Indices of TiO<sub>2</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> Films (2005)

We investigated the temperature coefficients of the refractive indices of TiO 2 –SiO 2 films with different TiO 2 concentrations at varying annealing temperature. We found that the temperature coefficients change from positive to negative in such films with a TiO 2 concentration of more than 50 mol% in such a high-temperature annealing. We obtained a negative temperature coefficient of -4.7×10 -5 1/°C for film with a TiO 2 concentration of 74 mol%.
Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers (2000)

Direct stimulation of visual cortex can produce illusory flashes of light, called phosphenes. Here we describe the spatial and motion properties of phosphenes produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and in two subjects with peripheral or cortical blindness. The totally retinally blind subject experienced normal phosphenes, apart from their concentration in the centre of the visual field, whereas the hemianopic subject, lacking area V1, did not experience phosphenes when his surviving extrastriate visual areas were stimulated. In the absence of V1, magnetically induced activity was unable to generate a conscious visual percept in the field defect.
Regulation of T cell lymphokine production by killer cell inhibitory receptor recognition of self HLA class I alleles. (1996)

The killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIRs) are surface glycoproteins expressed by natural killer (NK) and T cells that specifically recognize defined groups of polymorphic human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Interactions between KIRs on NK or T cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on potential target cells inhibit cell-mediated cytotoxicity, presumably by delivering a negative signal preventing lymphocyte activation. In this study we examined whether KIRs also regulate cytokine production induced in response to T cell receptor-dependent T cell activation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones were stimulated by bacterial superantigens in the presence or absence of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the KIR NKB1 or MHC class I molecules, and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma was evaluated. When bacterial superantigen was presented by an autologous antigen-presenting cell (APC) to a KIR+ T cell clone, cytokine production was always enhanced in the presence of anti-MHC class I mAb. Similarly, anti-KIR mAb also augmented cytokine production, provided that the APC expressed a HLA class I allele recognized by the KIR. These results suggest that recognition of autologous MHC class I molecules by KIR+ T cells provides a regulatory mechanism acting to modulate the potency of their responses to antigenic challenge.
Review of electrodynamic tethers for space plasma science (1989)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Effect of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and AlPO<sub>4</sub> Coating on LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characteristics of Tannate Complexes of Human Pituitary Gonadotropin in the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Assay (1965)

Tannate complexes of urinary human pituitary gonadotropin (HPG) were tested by the augmentation reaction method for the assay of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Assays were also performed by injecting single doses of tannated and untannated HPG and determining the magnitude of the response in the augmentation reaction at 48-hr intervals. It was found that tannation did not alter the FSH potency of HPG. The results obtained with single-dose assays confirmed those obtained by the conventional assay method. (Endocrinology77: 943,1965)
Flexible electrode array for retinal stimulation (1992)

The retina interfacing and prosthesis project is a joint project between the Duke University Eye Center, NC State University, University of NC, and the Research Triangle Institute. The ultimate goal of the project is to design, build, and test a retinal prosthesis that would capture photons, electrically stimulate the retina, and thus generate a phosphene map (focal flashes of light) that would provide information about movement, light intensities, and edge detection to otherwise severely visually handicapped patients. This paper summarizes the design and fabrication of a flexible, biocompatible stimulating array to be connected to a photosensing chip with image processing capabilities.
Effects of volumetric capture avatars on social presence in immersive virtual environments (2020)

Recent advances in 3D reconstruction and tracking technologies have made it possible to volumetrically capture human body and performance at real time. In the field of human-computer interaction, however, no works have been reported on the user study made with such volumetric capture avatars. This paper investigates how the volumetric capture avatar affects users' sense of social presence in immersive virtual environments. In our experiments, the volumetric capture avatar of an actor is compared with the actor captured in 2D video and another 3D avatar obtained by pre-scanning the actor. The experiment results show that users have the highest sense of social presence with the volumetric capture avatar when performing dynamic tasks whereas they have higher sense of social presence with the volumetric capture avatar and 2D video than with the pre-scanned avatar when performing static tasks. These imply that the emerging volumetric capture techniques can be an attractive tool for mixed reality, telepresence, and many other 3D applications.
Designing Cities – The Future of Urban Design Theory (2003)

Architecture, Urban design and Urban Planning have a coterminous existence as praxis, yet remain both theoretically and professionally isolated from each other.Urban Design is arguably the worst off since it has no professional identity of its own.Whether this undermines its theoretical position is debatable.Nonetheless what passes for theory is largely divorced from any substantial foundation in the social or natural sciences.Urban Design 'theory' tends to be eclectic, lacking in substance and indecisive as to its core values and meanings.The question is 'How do we move forward?'.In order to justify how the benefits of this paradigm shift might accrue, an assessment is made of the three major theoretical movements of the third millennium, namely Postmodernism, Postcolonialism and Globalisation, the latter offering some key insights into questions of urban form in the information age.The above project has relevance not only for urban design education, theory and practice, by association, it also has implications for Architecture and Urban Planning.In rebuilding one professional territory, it is clear that the others cannot remain unaffected.This paper proceeds by reviewing key approaches in urban design theory over the last forty years, and concludes that urban design must realign itself with the substantial theoretical base being constructed within urban social theory, human geography and cultural studies, a grouping which roughly equates to what is termed Spatial Political Economy.
A Comparison of Density Functional Methods for the Estimation of Proton Chemical Shifts with Chemical Accuracy (1999)

Fifteen procedures based on hybrid density functional theory were used to calculate magnetic properties for the carbon-bound hydrogen nuclei of 80 small to modest-sized organic molecules. The predicted isotropic shieldings derived from the various methods were compared with each other and also with solution experimental data. The computational methods investigated included the IGAIM and GIAO procedures, the 6-311++G(d,p), 6-311++G(2df,p), and 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis sets, the B3LYP, B3P86, and B3PW91 hybrid density functionals, and molecular geometries optimized using both MP2 and B3LYP methods. Although agreement with experiment consistently improved as the basis set was enlarged, the improvement upon going from 6-311++G(2df,p) to 6-311++G(3df,2p) was extremely small, and even the difference between 6-311++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(2df,p) was of a modest size. The GIAO and IGAIM procedures yielded very similar results in conjunction with the largest basis set, but GIAO suffered considerably less degradation than did IGAIM as the basis set size was decreased. The three functionals B3LYP, B3P86, and B3PW91 performed in an extremely similar fashion, although B3LYP proved marginally superior to the others. The method of geometry optimization also was found to make little difference. Of the computational methods investigated, the GIAO/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) procedure probably represents the best compromise between accuracy and expense and yielded proton chemical shifts having a root-mean-square error of 0.15 ppm in comparison with solution experimental values after empirical linear scaling. The more expensive GIAO/B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method provided only a slightly lower root-mean-square error of 0.14 ppm.
United as one: the global R&D community's response to Covid-19 (2020)

COVID-19 is having a tangible and far-reaching impact on many sectors and industries, including R&D. How is the international research community responding? An unprecedented catastrophe requires unprecedented measures, and this is what is being seen in the scientific community, with researchers from across the globe pooling their expertise and openly sharing their data. We explore the R&D industry's response to the global pandemic.
Selective aldosterone blocker ameliorates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats (2010)

Although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), no effective therapeutic modalities have been fully established yet. Recent studies have shown that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system plays an important role in NASH. The aim of our current study was to elucidate the effects of aldosterone (Ald) inhibition on the progression of NASH. In the choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced rat NASH model, the effects of a clinically used selective Ald blocker (SAB) were elucidated in conjunction with the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and neovascularization, which are both known to play important roles in liver fibrosis development and hepatocarcinogenesis, respectively. Liver fibrosis development and the glutathione-S-transferase placental form-positive pre-neoplastic lesions were both markedly attenuated by SAB along with the suppression of the activated HSC and neovascularization. SAB inhibited the hepatic expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and also that of the vascular endothelial growth factor. Our in vitro study showed that SAB also inhibited the Ald-induced HSC proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that Ald plays a pivotal role in the progression of NASH. Considering that SAB is already widely used in clinical practice, this drug could represent a potential new strategy against NASH in the future.
Rapid Antibacterial Activity of 2 Novel Hand Soaps: Evaluation of the Risk of Development of Bacterial Resistance to the Antibacterial Agents (2008)

The results indicate that TPB and FPB soaps may provide superior rapid and broad-spectrum efficacy with a lower risk of organisms developing resistance than do soaps containing triclosan alone. Pig skin methods may be used to predict the efficacy of antibacterial soaps in the rapid disinfection of contaminated hands. Hand washing with TPB and FPB soaps by healthcare workers and the general population may reduce the transmission of pathogens, with a lower risk of promoting the emergence of resistant organisms.
Piracetam Co-Crystals with OH-Group Functionalized Carboxylic Acids (2009)

We report the synthesis, crystal structures, and basic physicochemical properties of six co-crystals of piracetam. Co-crystals of piracetam with l-tartaric acid, with citric acid in a 1:1 and 3:2 ratio, with racemic mandelic acid, and with l-mandelic acid, as well as a piracetam−citric acid ethanol solvate were found in a focused screening approach. Sample amounts of up to several hundred milligrams of each co-crystal were obtained from either solvent-drop grinding, solution evaporation, or crystallization from solution. Crystal structure analysis revealed that the often observed amide-carboxylic acid R22(8) synthon is rarely found in the herein reported crystal structures. The mentioned motif can be used as a target for hydrogen bonds; however, in presence of a multitude of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors it cannot serve for an anticipation of co-crystals. Compared to piracetam the piracetam−l-tartaric acid co-crystal shows improved hygroscopic properties.
ortho-Directed Lithiation Studies of 4-Chloropicolinanilide : Introduction of Functional Groups at C-3 and Their Elaboration to Chain Extended Derivatives via Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation (1998)

An improved synthesis of 4-chloropicolinanilide (3) is presented.Treatment of 3 with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF, followed by addition of an electrophile (methyl iodide, iodine, carbon dioxide, trimethylstannyl chloride), gave exclusively the products of C-3 substitution (respectively, the 3-methyl-, 3-iodo, 3-carboxylic acid and 3-trimethylstannyl derivatives of 3).Further treatment of the 3-methyl derivative (7) with carbon dioxide or ethyl bromoacetate produced the one-and two-carbon homologues of 4-chloroquinolinanilide (8 and 9, respectively).The palladium acetate-catalyzed reaction of 4-chloro-3-iodopicolinanilide (10) with various unsaturated derivatives (trimethylsilylacetylene, tri-n-hutyl(vinyl)tin, styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate) afforded the corresponding C-3 cross-coupled products in 70-80% yield.Reaction of 10 with ally1 alkoxide, followed by treatment of the product (17) with tri-n-butyltin hydride, provided the 2-methylfuro[3,2-clpyridine derivative (18) in 85% yield.As part of a research program aimed at developing new agents acting on the central nervous system, we have been interested in synthesizing trifunctionalized derivatives of pyridine, in particular, those This paper is dedicated to Dr. Koji Nakanishi on the occasion of his 75th birthday
Activity sequence learning in mission critical tasks (2011)

In this paper, we present an interface agent, Commander's Learning Agent (CLearn), that aims to learn a commander's mission model and intent in the form of sequences of activities based on frequency. The major benefits of CLearn include automation of repetitive actions performed by the user and near real-time monitoring of available critical resources leading to alert generation when resource degradation will impact missions dependent upon those resources. We develop and implement passive and active monitoring techniques in conjunction with attribute-based learning and sequential pattern mining. While CLearn is relevant to many applications, including information security management, we describe our sequence learning approach in the context of how it can be used to provide IPB (Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace) support for planning, operations, and assessment missions in Air and Space Operation Centers (AOCs). We describe in detail our plan to enhance the proposed sequence learning approach to a more robust HMM-based approach to learn sequences of activities at various levels of abstractions. The approach is in line with the network centric command and control structure within the military.
X-linkage and manic-depressive illness: a reassessment. (1992)

Genetic-epidemiological data and linkage studies with chromosomal markers are reviewed from the vantage point of X-linked inheritance. The results overall suggest that a gene predisposing to manic depression (bipolar affective illness) localized on the X-chromosome may exist in a subgroup of bipolar cases. However, in light of conflicting findings and methodological uncertainties in studying a disorder with unclear phenotype and complex inheritance, this issue is not yet closed. Additional research, including new linkage data and extension and re-evaluation of published data, is required to further our understanding of this intriguing hypothesis.
Hepatic macrophage iron aggravates experimental alcoholic steatohepatitis (2008)

One prime feature of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is iron accumulation in hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells (KC) associated with enhanced NF-kappaB activation. Our recent work demonstrates a peroxynitrite-mediated transient rise in intracellular labile iron (ILI) as novel signaling for endotoxin-induced IKK and NF-kappaB activation in rodent KC. The present study investigated the mechanism of KC iron accumulation and its effects on ILI response in experimental ALD. We also tested ILI response in human blood monocytes. Chronic alcohol feeding in rats results in increased expression of transferrin (Tf) receptor-1 and hemochromatosis gene (HFE), enhanced iron uptake, an increase in nonheme iron content, and accentuated ILI response for NF-kappaB activation in KC. Ex vivo treatment of these KC with an iron chelator abrogates the increment of iron content, ILI response, and NF-kappaB activation. The ILI response is evident in macrophages derived from human blood monocytes by PMA treatment but not in vehicle-treated monocytes, and this differentiation-associated phenomenon is essential for maximal TNF-alpha release. PMA-induced macrophages load iron dextran and enhance ILI response and TNF-alpha release. These effects are reproduced in KC selectively loaded in vivo with iron dextran in mice and more importantly aggravate experimental ALD. Our results suggest enhanced iron uptake as a mechanism of KC iron loading in ALD and demonstrate the ILI response as a function acquired by differentiated macrophages in humans and as a priming mechanism for ALD.
Quality control in the secretory pathway: retention of a misfolded viral membrane glycoprotein involves cycling between the ER, intermediate compartment, and Golgi apparatus. (1994)

Proteins synthesized in the ER are generally transported to the Golgi complex and beyond only when they have reached a fully folded and assembled conformation. To analyze how the selective retention of misfolded proteins works, we monitored the long-term fate of a membrane glycoprotein with a temperature-dependent folding defect, the G protein of tsO45 vesicular stomatitis virus. We used indirect immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, and a novel Nycodenz gradient centrifugation procedure for separating the ER, the intermediate compartment, and the Golgi complex. We also employed the folding and recycling inhibitors dithiothreitol and AIF4-, and coimmunoprecipitation with calnexin antibodies. The results showed that the misfolded G protein is not retained in the ER alone; it can move to the intermediate compartment and to the cis-Golgi network but is then recycled back to the ER. In the ER it is associated with calnexin and BiP/GRP78. Of these two chaperones, only BiP/GRP78 seems to accompany it through the recycling circuit. Thus, the retention of this misfolded glycoprotein is the result of multiple mechanisms including calnexin binding in the ER and selective retrieval from the intermediate compartment and the cis-Golgi network.
[Flavonoids in medicine]. (1994)

Flavonoids are a broadly distributed class of naturally occurring plant products. Because of their widespread occurrence in edible plants such as fruits, vegetables and grains, they are an integral part of the human diet. Several problems concerning various biological actions of the flavonoids have been presented.
Microvascular Dysfunction (2007)

O besity and a central body fat distribution, hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and proinflammatory and prothrombotic factors are all part of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome defines a clustering of metabolic risk factors which confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.