gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pitting Behavior of Type 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Weldments (1995)

Electrochemical methods of measuring pitting potentials (Epit) were used to study the pitting resistance of type 17% Cr-4% Ni (17-4, UNS S17400) precipitation hardenable (PH) stainless steel (SS) weldments. The main objectives were to evaluate the pitting resistance of the base metal, the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the weld metal portions of 17-4 PH SS welds welded autogenously using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. Effects of different preweld and postweld heat treatments (PWHT) and of the weld heat input on pitting resistance were studied. Results showed a solution-treated base metal had a relatively lower pitting resistance. In contrast, aging preceded by solution treatment improved pitting resistance. Direct peak aging after welding improved pitting resistance of the weld metals, but it decreased resistance of the HAZ. Welding with relatively lower weld heat input decreased the pitting resistance of the weld metals, but the reverse occurred in the case of the HAZ. Solution treatment followed by peak aging nullified effects of the weld heat input and the preweld heat treatments on pitting resistance of the different portions of the weldment. This heat treatment produced relatively higher pitting resistance in all portions of the weldment.
Identification and characterization of a human herpesvirus 6 gene segment that trans activates the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter (1992)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus, and in vitro, HHV-6 can productively infect many of the same cell types as can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection by both viruses in vitro can lead to both activation of the HIV promoter and acceleration of cytopathic effects. We have previously demonstrated that a large, 22.25-kb cloned HHV-6 fragment, pZVB70, can trans activate HIV promoter expression in vitro. In this study, we show that the pZVB70 fragment can trans activate the HIV promoter in human T-cell lines as well as in the monkey kidney cell line CV-1. The pZVB70 insert was digested with various restriction enzymes, and individual fragments were transfected into cells to test for their ability to trans activate the HIV promoter. By this method, we have identified a 1.8-kb subfragment, B701, that is involved in trans activation. Sequence analyses show that B701 potentially encodes a 143-amino-acid protein. This protein shares no homology with other herpesvirus proteins, such as ICP0 and ICP4, that have been shown to trans activate the HIV promoter. However, it shows weak sequence homology with the gene products encoded by the cytomegalovirus early US22 gene family, suggesting that the putative B701 protein may be an HHV-6 early regulatory protein. The 143-amino-acid coding sequence of B701 was cloned by polymerase chain reaction, and transfection of this construct into cells activated HIV promoter expression. The target site on the HIV promoter for the putative B701 protein is mapped to the NF-kappa B binding site. Our results suggest that the putative B701 protein may function by directly binding to the NF-kappa B site or may involve cellular factors, such as NF-kappa B, either directly or indirectly.
Creativity of Turkish Prospective Teachers (2006)

AbstractUniversities in developed countries require people who can think, make new scientific discoveries, and find more adequate solutions to compelling world problems. For developing countries, integration of creative thinking skills in university education is a crucial need for shaping their future orientations and actualizing reforms in political, economic, and cultural areas. For many developing countries, creativity remains neglected, whereas in developed countries, educational philosophy and goals rely on students' enhancement of creativity and self-actualization. The Turkish educational system, which is highly centralized and achievement oriented, seeks creative and innovative teachers who are able to enhance creative thinking strategies and who respect the creative ideas of students. This study investigated whether 4 dimensions of creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration) are accounted for at the university entrance examination (OSS) to select prospective teachers in Turkey. The study sample consisted of the students of Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education. Regression analyses demonstrated that although creativity dimensions were not included in OSS in previous years, they are taken into consideration at moderate but significant levels in recent years. This shift at OSS, which is a standardized test, appears to be the sign of an educational innovation; however, it is not sufficient to produce an educational reform for a creative, developed society. This article discusses the alternative ways of selecting and training prospective teachers who are creative and who can develop creativity and innovation in Turkish society.
Nonlinear Optics with Stationary Pulses of Light (2005)

We show that the recently demonstrated technique for generating stationary pulses of light [M. Bajcsy, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, Nature (London) 426, 638 (2003)] can be extended to localize optical pulses in all three spatial dimensions in a resonant atomic medium. This method can be used to dramatically enhance the nonlinear interaction between weak optical pulses. In particular, we show that an efficient Kerr-like interaction between two pulses can be implemented as a sequence of several purely linear optical processes. The resulting process may enable coherent interactions between single photon pulses.
Analysis of service-oriented government guiding role in ChinaÃÂs rural economic cooperation organization (2014)

The service-oriented government as the inevitable trend and the developing direction of Chinese government occupies a pivotal position in the Chinese society, and also has the indelible effect on China's economic development. With the deepening of the reform and opening up, the politics and economy and other aspects of China has shown a tendency of vigorous development, and the stable, open and liberal political system has promoted the development of China's regional economy constantly. Through consulting relevant information, China's rural economic cooperation organization has been investigated and studied in order to summarize the current development situation of China's rural economic cooperation organization and the problems arising from the development process, and at the same time points out that the service-oriented government has play a positive role in guiding China's rural economic cooperation organization, and some solutions and advice have been put forward to the rising problems. The study found that the problems rising in the process of China's rural economic cooperation organization development are mainly: the government's policy support, the effective specification of national laws and regulations and financial support by financial institutions. However, in the process of guiding China's rural economic cooperation organization, the service-oriented government also has made a contribution. The study shows that in order to give full play to the guiding role of service-oriented government, the government must provide the corresponding knowledge science and technology for different regions and different nature of the rural economic cooperation organization according to location conditions, and adhere to the market-oriented rural economic development mode, meanwhile, the government must encourage, support and guide the talent flow to rural economic cooperation organization.
Online education: issues and some answers (1993)

Engorged larvae of Leptotrombidium pallidum were collected from a wild rodent, Apodemus speciosus, and reared in a plastic container fed with fresh eggs of colembolla, Sinella curviseta, under moist conditions at 25 degrees C. Fully developed adults were separated into individual containers and a proven male was paired with a suspected female. Of the pairings, 38 produced larvae and 4 infected colonies were established. Females in these colonies were shown to be infected with Karp type of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Rt) by the method of isolating Rt from individual mites using mouse passage. Males were negative for Rt. Vertical transmission of Rt was monitored in each infected colony. The female of parent generation (P) produced F1 and F2 generations. At F1 generation, 11 males and 12 females maintained until production of eggs and all adults were positive for Rt by detection from individual mites. By sibmating of F1 adults, 11 males and 14 females developed at F2 generation and all males and females were proven to be positive for Rt. From 4 pairs of infected males and infected females at F1 generation, 2, 5, 21 and 35 larvae were collected as samples, respectively, and all larvae were positive for Rt by individual detection. Spermatophores from infected males at F2 generation were examined for Rt and none of 29 spermatophores were positive for Rt. From these results, the transmission rate of Rt from P to F1 and from F1 to F2 was 100% through eggs from infected females but not through spermatophores from infected males.
Reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels delay the onset of chemically and genetically induced mammary tumors. (2003)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the potential relationship between serum IGF-I levels and breast cancer risk. To do this, we studied liver-specific IGF-I gene-deleted (LID) mice, in which circulating IGF-I levels are 25% of that in control mice. Mammary tumors were induced in two ways: (a) by exposing mice to the carcinogen 7,12-dimethybenz (a)anthracene; and (b) by crossing LID mice with C3(1)/SV40 large T-antigen transgenic mice. In both models, LID mice exhibited a delayed latency period of mammary tumor development. In the 7,12-dimethybenz (a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor model, the incidence of palpable mammary tumors was significantly lower in LID mice (26% versus 56% in controls), and the onset of the tumors was delayed (74 +/- 1.2 days in LID mice versus 59.5 +/- 1.1 days in controls). Histological analysis showed extensive squamous metaplasia in late-stage mammary tumors of control mice, whereas late-stage tumors from LID mice exhibited extensive hyperplasia, but little metaplasia. In control mice, the onset of C3(1)/SV40-large T-antigen-induced mammary tumors occurred at 21.6 +/- 1.8 weeks of age, whereas in LID mice the average age of onset was 30.2 +/- 1.7 weeks. In addition, 60% of the mice in the control group developed two or more mammary tumors per mouse, whereas in the LID mice only 30% developed more than one mammary tumor per mouse. Our data demonstrate that circulating IGF-I levels play a significant role as a risk factor in the onset and development of mammary tumors in two well-established animal models of breast cancer.
An integrated solenoid-type inductor with electroplated Ni-Fe magnetic core (2006)

This paper reports a technological process that combines copper as conductor, NiFe film as magnetic core and polyimide as insulation material to complete a solenoid-type inductor. The results show that the inductance is 5.4 muH at 1 MHz and it keeps high inductance of 2 muH at 10 MHz. The quality factor is 1.54 at 1 MHz and up to 1.9 at 7 MHz
Lyra: Password-Based Key Derivation with Tunable Memory and Processing Costs. (2014)

Abstract. We present Lyra, a password-based key derivation scheme based on cryptographic sponges. Lyra was designed to be strictly sequen-tial (i.e., not easily parallelizable), providing strong security even against attackers that use multiple processing cores (e.g., custom hardware or a powerful GPU). At the same time, it is very simple to implement in soft-ware and allows legitimate users to fine-tune its memory and processing costs according to the desired level of security against brute force pass-word guessing. We compare Lyra with similar-purpose state-of-the-art solutions, showing how our proposal provides a higher security level and overcomes limitations of existing schemes. Specifically, we show that if we fix Lyra’s total processing time t in a legitimate platform, the cost of a memory-free attack against the algorithm is exponential, while the best-known result in the literature (namely, against the scrypt algorithm) is quadratic. In addition, for an identical same processing time, Lyra allows for a higher memory usage than its counterparts, further increasing the cost of brute force attacks.
Formation of silicon-on-diamond by direct bonding of plasma-synthesized diamond-like carbon to silicon (2004)

We propose to replace the buried SiO2 layer in silicon-on-insulator with a plasma synthesized diamond-like-carbon (DLC) thin film to mitigate the self-heating effects. The DLC films synthesized on silicon by a plasma immersion ion implantation & deposition process exhibit outstanding surface topography, and excellent insulating properties are maintained up to an annealing temperature of 900°C. Hence, the degree of graphitization in our DLC materials is insignificant during thin-film transistor processing and even in most annealing steps in conventional complementary metal oxide silicon processing. Using Si∕DLC direct bonding and the hydrogen-induced layer transfer method, a silicon-on-diamond structure has been fabricated. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the bonded interface is abrupt and the top Si layer exhibits nearly perfect single crystalline quality. A model is postulated to describe the reactions occurring at the interface during the annealing steps in Si-DLC wafer bonding.
Characterization of enveloped tegument structures (L particles) produced by alphaherpesviruses: integrity of the tegument does not depend on the presence of capsid or envelope (1992)

Recent studies have shown that infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain 17 generates in addition to virions a novel type of non-infectious particle. These particles, termed L particles, lack capsids and viral DNA, and consist predominantly of tegument and envelope proteins. We show that L particle production is not restricted to one strain of HSV-1, and that pseudorabies virus and equine herpesvirus type 1 also release particles which are similar in composition to and morphologically indistinguishable from HSV-1 L particles. Data obtained from monoclonal antibody analysis revealed that Vmw175, an immediate early HSV-1 polypeptide which had been previously identified as a virion component, is located predominantly in L particles and not in virions. Following removal of the envelope from L particles, the remaining tegument material largely retained its structural integrity, indicating that the structure of the tegument does not depend on the presence of the capsid or envelope.
Generating Random Elements of Finite Distributive Lattices (1997)

This survey article describes a method for choosing uniformly at random from any finite set whose objects can be viewed as constituting a distributive lattice. The method is based on ideas of the author and David Wilson for using "coupling from the past" to remove initialization bias from Monte Carlo randomization. The article describes several applications to specific kinds of combinatorial objects such as tilings, constrained lattice paths, an alternating sign matrices.
Real‐time detection of <sup>13</sup>C NMR labeling kinetics in perfused EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells and βHC9 mouse insulinomas (2004)

A method was developed for obtaining high signal-to-noise 13C NMR spectra of intracellular compounds in metabolically active cultured cells. The method allows TCA cycle labeling kinetics to be determined in real time without significant oxygen transport limitations. Cells were immobilized on the surface of nonporous microcarriers that were either uncoated or coated with polypeptides and used in a 12-cm3 packed bed. The methods were tested with two EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cell lines, one strongly adherent and the other moderately adherent, and a weakly adherent mouse insulinoma line (betaHC9). For both EMT6 lines, NTP and oxygen consumption measurements indicated that the number of cells in the spectrometer ranged from 6 x 10(8) to 1 x 10(9). During infusion of [1-13C]glucose, labeling in C-4 glutamate (indicative of flux into the first half of the TCA cycle) could be detected with 15-min resolution. However, labeling for C-3 and C-2 glutamate (indicative of complete TCA cycle activity) was fivefold lower and difficult to quantify. To increase TCA cycle labeling, cells were infused with medium containing [1,6-13C2]glucose. A 2.5-fold increase was observed in C-4 glutamate labeling and C-3 and C-2 glutamate labeling could be monitored with 30-min resolution. Citrate synthase activity was indirectly detected in real time, as [3,4-13C2]glutamate was formed from [2-13C]oxaloacetate and [2-13C]acetate (of acetyl-CoA). Cell mass levels observed with betaHC9 cells were somewhat lower. However, the 13C S/N was sufficient to allow real-time monitoring of the response of intracellular metabolite labeling to a step change in glucose and a combined glutamine/serum pulse.
Self‐Healing Anticorrosion Coatings Based on pH‐Sensitive Polyelectrolyte/Inhibitor Sandwichlike Nanostructures (2008)

An anticorrosion layer of a smart polymer coating is developed. The nature and properties of the coating simultaneously provide three mechanisms of corrosion protection: passivation of the metal degradation by controlled release of an inhibitor, buffering of pH changes at the corrosive area by polyelectrolyte layers, and self-curing of the film defects due to the mobility of the polyelectrolyte constituents in the layer-by-layer assembly.
Stable hexagonal-wurtzite silicon phase by laser ablation (1999)

A stable phase of relatively large hexagonal-wurtzite silicon crystals (up to 20 μm) was directly deposited at low pressure using ultraviolet laser ablation. The films were grown on a variety of substrates at room temperature from a single crystal, cubic silicon target. Crystallites of the hexagonal-wurtzite phase of silicon were clearly identified using selected area electron diffraction. Further support for this identification was provided by confocal scanning micro-Raman spectroscopy. The deposition of hexagonal silicon films may lead to novel two-dimensional optoelectronic devices, and pave the way to studies of the electronic properties of this lower symmetry, uncommon silicon phase.
Ion beam synthesis of heteroepitaxial Si/CoSi2/Si structures (1990)

The formation of buried single crystalline CoSi2 layers within a monocrystalline Si substrate by high-dose ion implantation of Co has been studied. Comparison of measured Co distributions with profiles obtained from Monte Carlo calculations has revealed the two basic phenomena that are responsible for the formation of buried layers. The enhanced stopping due to the incorporation of high concentrations of Co into Si has been identified as the dominant effect in the ion beam synthesis of buried layers. The high stopping near the top of the implanted distribution causes accumulation of Co at this point, which promotes buried layer formation. Sputtering brings the entire Co profile closer to the surface. After implantation at a temperature of 450 °C, Co is present in the form of coherent CoSi2 precipitates. Precipitates occur both in a twinned and an aligned orientation and are highly strained due to the lattice mismatch with Si. For high doses a buried monocrystalline and aligned CoSi2 layer forms within the Si lattice, during implantation. Annealing of the implanted structures results in the formation of a buried layer when, near the top of the implanted distribution, more than 50% of the Si is converted into CoSi2. These layers too are monocrystalline and have on aligned orientation. Cobalt diffusion in the Si lattice has been suggested to be the rate-determining step in the growth process of the buried layers. Finally, the electrical properties of these ion beam synthesized structures exhibit some unique features.
An Efficient Method for Segmentation of MRI Spine Images (2007)

The study of the segmentation of MRI Spine Image is of crucial importance for computer aided medical image identifying and clinical studies of neurological pathology. Computer characterization of a vertebra or disk is of limited clinical value if that structure cannot be accurately segmented and identified. However, Manual operations of tracking these structures are so tedious that automated method of spine tracking and segmentation are in high demand. In this paper, a vertebral disks segmentation method is proposed. The method can locate and label the disks through locating the spinal cord with Hough Transform. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments using real MR images provided by College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati.
Multi-channel constant current (MC<sup>3</sup>) LLC resonant LED driver (2011)

Multi-channel LED drivers are required in many applications, such as display backlighting, indoor lighting and street lighting. The LED driver should have the capability of providing multiple constant current source regardless to the LED forward voltage variations. Moreover, how to achieve current sharing between multiple LED channels is also challengeable in these applications. In this paper, a multi-channel constant current (MC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) LLC resonant LED driver is proposed. The LLC converter is controlled to operate as a constant current mode LED driver. By employing the multiple transformer structure, one single-stage driver can drive multiple LED channels, simplifying the driving scheme and circuit complexity. A DC block capacitor is utilized to balance the currents between two LED channels driven by the same transformer. After considering LED's i-v characteristic, the LLC current gain characteristic is proposed and derived to describe a LLC converter with current-controlled output. Instead of constant resistive load considered in LLC voltage gain characteristic derivation, a non-linear LED load is modeled and used in AC equivalent circuit to derive LLC current gain characteristic. A design methodology for MC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LLC LED driver has been developed based on the proposed LLC current gain characteristic. A 100kHz, 200W, 4-channel MC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LLC LED driver is designed and simulated to verify the proposed circuit and design method.
Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China (2020)

We report an asymptomatic child who was positive for a coronavirus by reverse transcription PCR in a stool specimen 17 days after the last virus exposure. The child was virus positive in stool specimens for at least an additional 9 days. Respiratory tract specimens were negative by reverse transcription PCR.
About making a CHO production cell line “research-friendly” by genetic engineering (2011)

The use of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for transient gene expression is gaining importance steadily, as it has been shown that both quality and quantity of proteins derived from CHO cells differs from and can even be superior to material derived from Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells [1][2][3][4]. In order to augment yields HEK cell lines have been genetically modified, by e.g. stable integration of an expression cassette coding for the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) in conjunction with expression plasmid vectors containing the EBNA1 interaction site oriP. Here we describe the generation of a CHO cell line stably expressing the EBNA1 gene to enhance yields after large scale transient transfection with polyethylenimine (PEI).