gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled assembly of graphene-capped nickel, cobalt and iron silicides (2013)

The unique properties of graphene have raised high expectations regarding its application in carbon-based nanoscale devices that could complement or replace traditional silicon technology. This gave rise to the vast amount of researches on how to fabricate high-quality graphene and graphene nanocomposites that is currently going on. Here we show that graphene can be successfully integrated with the established metal-silicide technology. Starting from thin monocrystalline films of nickel, cobalt and iron, we were able to form metal silicides of high quality with a variety of stoichiometries under a Chemical Vapor Deposition grown graphene layer. These graphene-capped silicides are reliably protected against oxidation and can cover a wide range of electronic materials/device applications. Most importantly, the coupling between the graphene layer and the silicides is rather weak and the properties of quasi-freestanding graphene are widely preserved.
Composable Ada software components and the re-export paradigm (1988)

One of the goals of the software engineering community has been the establishment of a reusable software components industry. With increasingly wide acceptance of the Ada language, many of us feel that this goal may be within reach. The Ada language provides a powerful abstraction facility with constructs such as packages, user-defined types, and generic units with which to construct such components.However, the successful development of reusable software components written in Ada depends also upon the language's abstraction composition qualities. That is, it depends on how easily smaller abstractions (or components) may be combined to create larger and more powerful abstractions.This paper discusses in detail the most important methods by which abstractions may be composed in Ada and their limitations. A companion paper, titled " Using the Re-Export Paradigm to Build Composable Ada Software Components ", will be published in a succeeding issue of Ada LETTERS. It demonstrates the techniques described here and concludes with suggestions for improvements that would enhance the composability of Ada software.
Variants of <i>DENND1B</i> Associated with Asthma in Children (2009)

We have identified a locus containing DENND1B on chromosome 1q31.3 that is associated with susceptibility to asthma.
Structural Constraints of Vaccine-Induced Tier-2 Autologous HIV Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site (2015)

Antibodies that neutralize autologous transmitted/founder (TF) HIV occur in most HIV-infected individuals and can evolve to neutralization breadth. Autologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against neutralization-resistant (Tier-2) viruses are rarely induced by vaccination. Whereas broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb)-HIV-Envelope structures have been defined, the structures of autologous nAbs have not. Here, we show that immunization with TF mutant Envs gp140 oligomers induced high-titer, V5-dependent plasma neutralization for a Tier-2 autologous TF evolved mutant virus. Structural analysis of autologous nAb DH427 revealed binding to V5, demonstrating the source of narrow nAb specificity and explaining the failure to acquire breadth. Thus, oligomeric TF Envs can elicit autologous nAbs to Tier-2 HIVs, but induction of bnAbs will require targeting of precursors of B cell lineages that can mature to heterologous neutralization.
Delay Analysis for Maximal Scheduling With Flow Control in Wireless Networks With Bursty Traffic (2009)

We consider the delay properties of one-hop networks with general interference constraints and multiple traffic streams with time-correlated arrivals. We first treat the case when arrivals are modulated by independent finite state Markov chains. We show that the well known maximal scheduling algorithm achieves average delay that grows at most logarithmically in the largest number of interferers at any link. Further, in the important special case when each Markov process has at most two states (such as bursty ON/OFF sources), we prove that average delay is independent of the number of nodes and links in the network, and hence is <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">order-optimal</b> . We provide tight delay bounds in terms of the individual auto-correlation parameters of the traffic sources. These are perhaps the first order-optimal delay results for controlled queueing networks that explicitly account for such statistical information. Our analysis treats cases both with and without flow control.
The influence of saliva on interbacterial adherence (1994)

The mechanism of bacterial adherence to the mat of bacteria in preformed dental plaque is not well defined. This study measured the influence of saliva on the adherence of bacteria in suspension to a continuous bacterial surface in vitro. Twenty different pairs of bacteria were tested, consisting of Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus spp. and Actinomyces spp. The species were chosen based on the parameters of coaggregation, and salivary agglutination. The results were expressed as bacteria that adhered per mm2 of bacterial surface. When both the surface bacteria and the bacteria in suspension agglutinated in saliva, interbacterial adherence was increased 2.5-fold when a salivary coating was placed on the surface. When one or both of the bacteria did not agglutinate in saliva, interbacterial adherence was increased only slightly when the surface was saliva-coated. The results suggested that salivary-mediated adherence is significant to plaque formation once the tooth surface becomes covered with bacteria. Thus bacteria that are capable of agglutinating in saliva may have a distinct advantage in colonization of the plaque surface.
High prevalence of a mutation in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene. (1996)

We found that a mutation previously described by Sebastio et al., involving a 68-bp insertion in the coding region of exon 8 of the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) gene in a single patient with homocystinuria, is highly prevalent. In our control population, 11.7% (9/77) of the individuals were heterozygous carriers of this mutation. In contrast to the previous report, which assumed that the 68-bp insertion introduced a premature-termination codon and resulted in a nonfunctional CBS enzyme, we found that the presence of this mutation is not associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Assay of CBS activity in transformed lymphocytes from individuals who were heterozygous or homozygous for this mutation showed normal activity. Furthermore, reverse-transcripion-PCR showed that individuals carrying this mutation have normal size mRNA. Our results suggest that the insertion creates an alternate splicing site, which eliminates not only the inserted intronic sequences but also the T833C mutation associated with this insertion. The net result is the generation of both quantitatively and qualitatively normal mRNA and CBS enzyme. Although the mutation does not seem to affect the activity of the CBS enzyme, the prevalence is somewhat increased in patients with premature coronary-artery disease, although the difference is not statistically significant.
Augmented Heat Transfer in a Triangular Duct by Using Multiple Swirling Jets (1999)

Measurements of detailed heat transfer coefficients on two principal walls of a triangular duct with a swirling flow are undertaken by using a transient liquid crystal technique. The vertex corners of the triangular duct are 45, 45, and 90 deg. The swirl-motioned airflow is induced by an array of tangential jets on the side entries. The effects of flow Reynolds number (8600 ≦ Re ≦ 21000) and the jet inlet angle (α = 75, 45, and 30 deg) are examined. Flow visualization by using smoke injection is conducted for better understanding the complicated flow phenomena in the swirling-flow channel. Results show that the heat transfer for α = 75 deg is enhanced mainly by the wall jets as well as the impinging jets; while the mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement for α = 45 and 30 deg could be characterized as the swirling-flow cooling. On the bottom wall, jets at α = 75 deg produce the best wall-averaged heat transfer due to the strongest wall-jet effect among the three angles (α) investigated. On the target wall, however, the heat transfer enhancements by swirling flow (α = 45 and 30 deg) are slightly higher than those by impinging jets (α = 75 deg). Correlations for wall-averaged Nusselt number for the bottom and target walls of the triangular duct are developed in terms of the flow Reynolds number for different jet inlet angles.
Plant-based vaccines against human hepatitis B virus (2010)

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes a communicable disease that spreads worldwide and has brought about considerable economic losses due to human mortality and morbidity. HBV fails to reproduce in both cell cultures and laboratory animals; however, it is known that excess virion surface protein named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced during viral replication and circulates in the blood of carriers as noninfectious particles of 22-nm diameter. It had been shown that purified HBsAg particles induce an efficient systemic immune response after injection. Consequently, subunit HBV vaccines based on HBsAg synthesized in yeasts or mammalian cell culture are currently used. Taking into account that hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease, development of a mucosal HBV vaccine would be beneficial. In this article, we analyze the data on development of plant-based HBV vaccines.
P‐30: Single Cell Gap Wide‐View Transflective LCD using Twist Fringe‐Field Switch Mode (2010)

Abstract A novel single cell‐gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) with FFS mode has been proposed. The transmissive region is homogeneous aligned. And reflective region is partial twisted and tilted to reach single gap design. In addition, the VT and VR curve is similar by optima pixel width, space and tilt angle in R‐region.
[Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung; report of a case]. (2006)

An 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because a routine chest X-ray had revealed a nodular shadow in the right lower lung field. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) failed to give at definitive diagnosis, therefore open lung biopsy was performed because of suspected lung cancer. Rapid intraoperative pathological examination diagnosed the tumor as large cell carcinoma. However, bloody pleural effusion was classified as class V. It was judged difficult to perform a curative operation, so the operation was interrupted. Pathological diagnosis was combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Pleurodesis was done, and the patient is under observation at 7 months after the operation.
Homocysteine and marginal vitamin deficiency. The importance of adequate vitamin intake (1993)

Apart from calcium and iron requirements, nutrition in general (and vitamins in particular) has traditionally rated only a passing nod in medical school. Physicians in training are typically taught that a "balanced" diet is sufficient and that hardly anyone really needs vitamin supplements. Although frank vitamin deficiency is now uncommon in the United States, many investigators have long suspected that large segments of the US population are consuming suboptimal levels of several micronutrients; in recent years, compelling evidence has emerged that supports this contention. In national surveys, a substantial proportion of the US population consumes levels of several vitamins that are well below recommended intakes,<sup>1</sup>and recent evidence strongly indicates that such low intakes are associated with serious health consequences. The most striking recent example is the finding that folic acid supplements can reduce the risk of neural tube defects by approximately 70%. That relationship See also p 2693.
High-Performance Control of a Dual Stator Winding DC Power Induction Generator (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper investigates the use of a dual stator winding squirrel-cage induction machine for generating dc power using series- or parallel-connected ac–dc pulse width modulation rectifiers. The operating principles and constraints when generating under minimum total copper-loss condition are explored using the machine steady-state model considering magnetizing flux saturation effects. Regulation of the dc voltage using concepts of the nonlinear input-output linearization method including the design of the controllers is set forth and confirmed to be effective by computer simulation results. Some experimental waveforms of the generator under load are also included in this paper. </para>
Development of high power density flying capacitor multi-level converters with balanced capacitor voltage (2012)

Among the various multi-level topologies, flying capacitor converters are promising from the view point of the high power density because the size of the capacitors, which is a major concern, is expected to be reduced. Although the voltages of the capacitors theoretically can stay in the balanced condition, they tend to be unbalanced under some practical conditions. So far, it has been clarified quantitatively that the capacitor voltage becomes unbalance due to inequality in switching delay of power devices. In this paper, some countermeasures to reduce the unbalance in the capacitor voltages are investigated to realize simple multi-level converters. The effectiveness of the initial charging resistors of the capacitors on the voltage balance is clarified analytically. Based on the investigations, a prototype is constructed to demonstrate attainable power density of the converters with balanced capacitor voltages. Some experimental investigations confirm that high efficiency and high power density can be realized.
Secure Virtual Machine Execution under an Untrusted Management OS (2010)

Virtualization is a rapidly evolving technology that can be used to provide a range of benefits to computing systems, including improved resource utilization, software portability, and reliability. For security-critical applications, it is highly desirable to have a small trusted computing base (TCB), since it minimizes the surface of attacks that could jeopardize the security of the entire system. In traditional virtualization architectures, the TCB for an application includes not only the hardware and the virtual machine monitor (VMM), but also the whole management operating system (OS) that contains the device drivers and virtual machine (VM) management functionality. For many applications, it is not acceptable to trust this management OS, due to its large code base and abundance of vulnerabilities. In this paper, we address the problem of providing a secure execution environment on a virtualized computing platform under the assumption of an untrusted management OS. We propose a secure virtualization architecture that provides a secure run-time environment, network interface, and secondary storage for a guest VM. The proposed architecture significantly reduces the TCB of security-critical guest VMs, leading to improved security in an untrusted management environment. We have implemented a prototype of the proposed approach using the Xen virtualization system, and demonstrated how it can be used to facilitate secure remote computing services. We evaluate the performance penalties incurred by the proposed architecture, and demonstrate that the penalties are minimal.
An improved method to determine the weight fraction of 2212 and 2201 phase impurities in BSCCO-2223 powders from x-ray powder diffraction peaks (1998)

We propose a standard operating procedure for the estimation of the amount of 2212 and 2201 phases in a 2223 PBSCCO HTSC powder, based on one to two observed x-ray powder diffraction intensities for each phase. The quantitative phase analysis takes into account the effects of preferred orientation, structure factor magnitude and particle absorption contrast. The procedure is derived from Rietveld analysis of the full diffractogram.
Lithography process cost considerations for 120-nm groundrules (2000)

In the near future semiconductor manufacturing will continue to push minimum feature sizes towards and below dimensions of a tenth of a micron. The lithographic patterning process is particularly challenged to support this trend with an every-higher optical resolution. A variety of resolution enhancing technologies are currently developed to encounter this challenge. Processes with decreased wavelength, techniques using strong phase shifting and thin film imaging will compete in terms of optical performance and process cost-of-ownership over the next few years. This paper compares cost-of-ownership of major lithography options for memory wafer structuring at 120nm ground rules or below. ArF lithography, alternating phase shift masks and multi-layer resist techniques are the selected candidates for a process cost analysis. Their cost-of-ownership relevant characteristics are identified and quantified with focus on consistency. This is the basis for a cost analysis and will support a constructive discussion about process feasibility.
Synthesis and characterization of lactose based resorcinol resin (2002)

Abstract Resorcinol‐lactose resin was synthesized using phosphoric acid as the catalyst at 95°C. 13 C‐NMR measurements proved that the chemical reaction is initiated at the 4‐ or 6‐carbon position in benzene ring. Sample separation by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) technology indicated that the resin consists of reacting mixtures of oligomer of lactose, glucose, and galacose with resorcinol. The resin, using a by product of diary industry as a main component, could be potentially applied as a novel adhesive to the wood process industry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2581–2585, 2002
Glycolipid Transfer Protein Mediated Transfer of Glycosphingolipids between Membranes:  A Model for Action Based on Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses (2004)

Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) catalyzes the intermembrane transfer of lipids that have sugars beta-linked to either diacylglycerol or ceramide backbones, including simple glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and gangliosides. The present study provides a quantitative understanding of GLTP action involving bilayer vesicles that have high and low curvature stress, i.e., small and large unilamellar vesicles (SUVs and LUVs). When the GSL intervesicular transfer was monitored in real time using an established fluorescence resonance energy approach, the initial GSL transfer rates (v(0)) and net transfer equilibrium (K(eq)) were determined for GLTP-mediated transfer from SUVs and LUVs over the temperature range of 30-44 degrees C. v(0) exhibited a linear dependence with respect to varying GLTP concentrations (0-143 nM range) in SUVs and LUVs, suggesting a first order dependence on the GLTP bulk concentration. Thermodynamic parameters associated with the GLTP-GSL transition-state complex and GSL net transfer were determined from linear Arrhenius and van't Hoff plots, respectively. Although initial transfer rates were lower for LUVs than for SUVs, the activation energy barriers were higher for LUVs, while the Gibbs's free energy of the transition states were similar. The formation of a transition-state complex was predominantly enthalpy driven, whereas the net transfer of GSLs was mainly entropy driven. The rate-limiting step for GLTP action appeared to be the surface processes leading to the GLTP-GSL complex formation and release associated with a shuttle/carrier mode of action. Because surface processes leading to the GLTP-GSL complex formation were limiting for GLTP action with SUVs and LUVs, it was concluded that GLTP is likely to be a valuable tool to probe and manipulate GSL environments in membranes.
Practical implementation of multirate convolution for multiresolution image processing (2002)

This paper describes key issues associated with the computation of undecimated multiresolution signal decompositions. An effective solution is obtained by a general-purpose convolution programming model that automatically accounts for filter origin displacement and the sparse nature of upsampled filters. The handling of image boundaries during convolution is also discussed in detail.
Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles By Chemical Reduction Method And Their Antibacterial Activity (2008)

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction method. Silver nitrate was taken as the metal precursor and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. The formation of the silver nanoparticles was monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of silver nanopart├¡cles by exhibing the typical surface plasmon absorption maxima at 418-420 nm from the UV–Vis spectrum. Comparison of theoretical (Mie light scattering theory) and experimental results showed that diameter of silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution is about 60 nm. We have used energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, UV–Vis spectroscopy to characterize the nanoparticles obtained. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) of the nanoparticles dispersion confirmed the presence of elemental silver signal no peaks of other impurity were detected. The average size and morphology of silver nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM photographs indicate that the nanopowders consist of well dispersed agglomerates of grains with a narrow size distribution (40 and 60 nm), whereas the radius of the individual particles are between 10 and 20 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission high-energy electron diffraction (HEED). The peaks in the XRD pattern are in good agreement with the standard values of the face-centered-cubic form of metallic silver (ICCD-JCPDS card no. 4-0787) and no peaks of other impurity crystalline phases were detected. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the nanopart├¡culas dispersion was measured by Kirby-Bauer method. The nanoparticles of silver showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against gram positive bacteria such as Escherichia Coli, Pseudimonas aureginosa and staphylococcus aureus which is a highly methicillin resistant strain.
Exceptional performance from the development, qualification and implementation of a silicone adhesive for bonding heatsinks to semiconductor packages (2002)

The stress induced by the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch of ceramic semiconductor packages bonded to aluminum heatsinks created a high risk of cracking. As packages increase in size and power, the need for an advanced adhesive with compliant properties, reliable bond strengths and high thermal performance is required. As a result of the work reported here, heatsink attach capabilities have been enhanced significantly with attractive cost benefits. Epoxy, silicone and polyimidesilaxoane adhesives were investigated for their process, material, reliability, and thermal performance. The project was divided into three phases: process development, qualification, and implementation. Concurrent engineering was emphasized to deliver a high-quality and low-cost process to production in a timely manner. In the initial development phase, over forty commercial and proprietary adhesives were evaluated based on the CTE, modulus and bond strength subjected to thermal cycling and moisture tests. A predictive thermo-mechanical and mechanical model was developed to define the required adhesive properties as a function of heatsinks weight and geometries. The wafer bow technique was used to estimate the induced stress from adhesive attach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>