gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 20-Kilodalton N-Terminal Fragment of the D15 Protein Contains a Protective Epitope(s) against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type a and Type b (1998)

A conserved 80-kDa minor outer membrane protein, D15, of Haemophilus influenzae has been shown to be a protective antigen in laboratory animals against H. influenzae type a (Hia) or type b (Hib) infection. To localize the protective B-cell epitope(s) within the D15 protein and to further explore the possibility of using synthetic peptides as vaccine antigens, a 20-kDa N-terminal fragment of D15 protein (truncated D15 [tD15]) was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli. The tD15 moiety was cleaved from glutathione S-transferase by using thrombin and purified to homogeneity. The purified soluble tD15 appeared to contain immunodominant protective epitope(s) against Hia and Hib, since rabbit antisera directed against tD15 were capable of protecting infant rats from Hia or Hib bacteremia. The ease of purification of soluble tD15, therefore, makes it a better candidate antigen than the full-length recombinant D15 which is produced as inclusion bodies in E. coli. Furthermore, both the purified tD15 fragment and a mixture of tD15-derived peptides spanning amino acid residues 93 to 209 of the mature D15 protein were capable of inhibiting the protection against Hib conferred on infant rats by rabbit anti-tD15 antiserum, indicating that the protective epitopes of D15 may not be conformational. However, the administration of pooled rabbit immune sera raised against the same panel of peptides failed to protect infant rats from Hib infection.
The cause of the raised plasma urea of acute heart failure (1979)

The concentrations of urea, urate, phosphate and creatinine were measured in the plasma of 30 consecutive patients admitted acutely with heart failure. On admission, 20 had a raised plasma urea, 21 had a raised plasma urate, but only 6 had a raised plasma phosphate and only 6 had a raised plasma creatinine. A further 9 of the patients developed a raised plasma urea after admission. The increase in plasma urea present on admission was greater than expected for the fall in GFR (as indicated by the increase in plasma creatinine). The results for plasma and urine taken together suggest that a major cause of the raised plasma urea was an increased urea production rather than a reduced glomerular filtration rate. There was no obvious relationship between plasma urea and clinical features, or diuretic therapy.
Surface-plasmon-assisted photoemission (1981)

We present a new geometry for producing unusual photo yields from traditional photocathodes by exciting a surface plasmon in an underlying metal film. Photo yields calculated for this geometry exhibit an unusually strong dependence on photon polarization and angle of incidence. Some enhancement of the photoelectron yield is also found.
Laboratory vacuum spectrometer for the soft x‐ray region (2008)

Abstract A laboratory surface x‐ray absorption near edge structure ((S)XANES) spectrometer used for measurements in the soft x‐ray region is described. The x‐ray beam path of the spectrometer is enclosed in a vacuum chamber directly connected to the x‐ray generator output port. With this setup, the absorption of the x‐rays in the air is avoided. The developed spectrometer uses a monochromator equipped with cylindrically bent PET(002), KAP(001), and Ge(111) crystals of different Rowland radii working in the Johann focusing geometry. Nine stepping motors are used to control the positions of the monochromator, receiving slit, sample, and detectors. An x‐ray photon energy available in experiment ranges from about 1 keV to 5 keV. A registration of the photoelectrons emitted from the sample with the channeltron is used to carry out surface‐sensitive measurements. The performance of the developed spectrometer is illustrated by spectra measured at the absorption K‐edges of several elements from the Na‐Ti set. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high-precision real human phantom for EM evaluation of handheld terminals in a talk situation (2002)

To determine the effective performance of a handheld cellular radio antenna, it is essential to evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) interaction between the antenna and the human body. This paper presents a high-precision human phantom with a very realistic shape that represents a man holding a handheld terminal while talking. The shape and the size of the phantom are based on statistical data obtained by precisely measuring various parts of the human body. A function of the phantom is that the handheld terminal can be arbitrarily moved in the x-y-z direction, and thus one can evaluate the change in the antenna characteristics by changing the position between the antenna and the phantom.
Angiogenesis of the blood‐brain barrier in vitro and the function of cerebral pericytes (2002)

Cerebral pericytes constitute an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in blood vessel assembly. Recently, we reported on the induction of a BBB-specific enzyme expressed by cerebral pericytes (pericytic aminopeptidase N/pAPN) in coculture with cerebral endothelial cells. We completed this in vitro BBB system by adding astrocytes to these mixed cultures of endothelial cells and pericytes. Under these triculture conditions, endothelial cells and pericytes reorganize into capillary-like structures (CLSs). Capillary formation can also be achieved by the application of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1) in the culture medium of endothelial-pericyte cultures lacking astrocytes. In contrast to the effect achieved by astrocytes, pericytes did not assemble with endothelial cells. In both cases (application of astrocytes or TGF-b1), endothelial cells underwent apoptosis. However, endothelial cells that form CLSs in the presence of pericytes appeared to be resistant to induction of apoptosis. On the basis of these observations, we concluded that astrocytes have a profound influence on the morphogenetic events underlying the organization of the vessel wall; that the effect of TGF-b1 is different from the astrocytic effect because it lacks induction of endothelial-pericyte association; and that pericytes stabilize CLSs formed by endothelial cells in coculture with astrocytes.
A new Kupffer cell receptor mediating plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen by the rat (1982)

Native human carcinoembryonic antigen is rapidly removed from the circulation by the rat liver Kupffer cell after intravenous injection. The molecule is subsequently transferred to the hepatocyte in an immunologically identifiable form. Carcinoembryonic antigen has a circulatory half-life of 3.7 (+/- 0.8) min, and cellular entry is by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Non-specific fluid pinocytosis and phagocytosis can be excluded as possible mechanisms by the kinetics of clearance and failure of colloidal carbon to inhibit uptake. Substances with known affinity for the hepatic receptors for mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose and galactose all fail to inhibit carcinoembryonic antigen clearance. After two cycles of the Smith degradation, carcinoembryonic antigen is still able to inhibit clearance of the native molecule. Receptor specificity is apparently not dependent on those non-reducing terminal sugars of the native molecule. Performic acid-oxidized carcinoembryonic antigen also inhibits clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen in vivo. Receptor binding is not dependent on tertiary protein conformation. Non-specific cross-reacting antigen, a glycoprotein structurally similar to carcinoembryonic antigen, is cleared by the same mechanism.
A hardware efficient beamformer for small ultrasound scanners (2006)

Digital receive beamformer is one of the most important parts governing the performance and complexity of a medical ultrasound imaging system. In this presentation, we present a hardware efficient digital beamformer for small size ultrasound scanners, which is advantageous over the two most widely used beamforming schemes, interpolation beamformer and phase rotation beamformer, in terms of hardware complexity and performance. Interpolation beamformer requires a multi-tap interpolation filter for each channel to obtain 1/16f0 delay resolution. Phase rotation beamformer requires IQ demodulation and performs inter-channel delay compensation by shifting the phase of inphase and quadrature components. The proposed beamformer is identical to the interpolation beamformer except that it uses fractional delay (FD) filters to generate the delayed samples. FD filters were designed using least square error method to obtain an optimum performance for a given hardware complexity. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other beamforming methods.
Administration and management effectiveness of protected areas: stakeholders’ views of Dadia National Park, Greece (2014)

The management effectiveness of protected areas is linked to the type and form of administration structures applied in each country within the framework of its environmental policy implementation. The administration structure gives citizens the opportunity to take part in decision-making processes concerning the environment and includes partnerships with regional authorities, management bodies, competent ministries, academic institutions and non-governmental organizations. The main principles pertaining to the administration of protected areas are based on international conventions aimed at protecting biodiversity and the natural environment. The present study was conducted at Dadia National Park (NP), in the Evros Prefecture. The stakeholders involved in the administration and management of the NP, namely the park management, the municipality of Soufli and the regional authorities of Evros Prefecture, as well as locals and visitors, were asked their opinion about the effectiveness of administration and management of the park. The results of the study indicate that there are weaknesses affecting the collaboration of the administrative bodies, the locals are not satisfied with the local authoritiesâ operations, and the visitors are not being adequately informed about the relevant bodies and type of administration and management of the NP.
Changes in heart rate during obstructive sleep apnoea (1992)

The mechanisms behind the decrease in heart rate during apnoeas in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are little known. Recent findings in animal experiments indicate that stimulation of the upper airway activates postinspiratory and cardiac vagal neurones in the medullary respiratory centre, causing alterations in heart rate and respiratory rhythm. Since OSA leads to a collapse of the airway and consequent stimulation of upper airway receptors, we studied the interrelations between heart rate and respiratory rhythm during apnoea and during negative intrathoracic pressure generated by the Mueller manoeuvre (MM). Fifteen patients with OSA (apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) 45 +/- 28.h-1) were studied by polysomnography, during a MM and a Valsalva manoeuvre, each of 15 s duration. The heart rate decrease (delta HRA) and the increase in total respiratory cycle duration (TOT) were evaluated during apnoea in non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Patients with OSA demonstrated a decrease in heart rate during apnoea (-14.4 +/- 9.0 beats.min-1), and during MM (-11.5 +/- 13.5 in OSA vs 3.1 +/- 7.8 beats.min-1 in a control group). TOT increased during apnoea (4.6 +/- 3.1 s). There was a significant correlation between delta HRA and AHI (r = -0.64) as well as between delta HRA and increase in TOT (r = 0.62). These findings indicate that upper airway obstruction may cause an activation of receptors at the site of airway collapse or distortion leading to changes in heart rate and respiratory rhythm.
Biosensors in Drug Discovery and Drug Analysis (2005)

Abstract Biosensors are, by definition, sensing devices comprising a biological component (enzyme, antibody, animal or plant cell, oligonucleotide, lipid, microorganisms, etc.) intimately connected to a physical transducer (electrode, optical fiber, vibrating quartz, etc.). This dual configuration permits a quantitative study of the interaction between a drug compound and an immobilized biocomponent. Ideally, biosensors should be readily implemented and allow for low reagent and energy consumption. Enzyme‐based biosensors can be applied in the pharmaceutical industry for monitoring chemical parameters in the production process (in bioreactors). Affinity biosensors are suitable for high‐throughput screening of bioprocess‐produced antibodies and for candidate drug screening. They are suitable for selective and sensitive immunoassays in clinical laboratories and for decentralized detection of drug residues. Enzyme‐based biosensors may be used in hospitals for bedside drug testing, emergency control, in patient treatment control (anticancer therapy) etc. Current research efforts are focused on proteins, tissues, or living cells immobilized in microfabricated configurations for high‐throughput drug screening and discovery. Such devices can comprise several different microelectronic sensors and biosensors sensitive, for example, to pH, temperature, impedance, dissolved oxygen, etc. for a multiparametric monitoring. Of equal new interest are the oligonucleotide‐immobilized biosensors for interactions studies between a surface linked DNA and the target drug or for hybridisation studies. This short review summarizes several recent trends dedicated to the development and application of biosensors in the pharmaceutical arena.
Low-power techniques for video decoding (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Immediate post‐implantation skin immobilization decreases skin regression around percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic implant systems (2012)

A percutaneous, osseointegrated (OI) prosthetics are alternative docking systems for upper- and lower-extremity prostheses. Persistent inflammation and micro-motion are known to cause negative soft-tissue adaptation in wound healing and may also be detrimental to implant longevity. In this study, a unique single-stage sheep amputation and implantation model was developed to assess the efficacy of a porous coated sub-dermal fixation surface in the prevention of skin regression around a percutaneous osseointegrated prosthetic implant. Porous coated and smooth sub-dermal fixation surface prosthetics were implanted in the right forelimb of skeletally mature sheep for up to 12 months. Skin regression kinetics and sub-dermal fixation surface coverage were measured from histological samples. Quantitative measurements of porous coated surfaces yielded skin migration rates of 0.90 ± 0.23, 0.56 ± 0.15, 0.44 ± 0.22 mm/month for the 6, 9, and 12 month animals, respectively. In addition, three load dependent regions of skin adaptation were identified; an interface, a transition, and a stress absorbance region. Immediate post-implantation immobilization of the skin may foster improved load-bearing percutaneous device outcomes. The skin adaptations reported here will aid in informing the design and optimization of future percutaneous, OI devices intended for the treatment of upper- and lower-extremity amputees.
Synthesis and Applications of End-Labeled Neoglycopolymers (2002)

[reaction: see text] Neoglycopolymers that vary in length and contain a single fluorescent reporter group were synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The utility of these materials is demonstrated by the development of a cellular binding assay for L-selectin, a cell surface protein that plays a role in inflammation. The data reveal that these multivalent ligands interact with multiple copies of L-selectin.
New‐Onset Heart Failure After Permanent Right Ventricular Apical Pacing in Patients with Acquired High‐Grade Atrioventricular Block and Normal Left Ventricular Function (2007)

Introduction: Emerging data have suggested that right ventricular (RV) apical pacing results in progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and contributes to the development of heart failure (HF). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical predictors for the development of new‐onset HF after long‐term RV apical pacing in patients with acquired atrioventricular (AV) block who require permanent pacing. Methods: We studied the clinical outcomes after long‐term RV apical pacing for acquired AV block in 304 patients without a prior history of HF. All patients had >90% ventricular pacing as determined by device diagnostic data. Results: After a median follow‐up of 7.8 years, 79 patients (26.0%) developed new‐onset HF after RV apical pacing. Univariate Cox‐regression analysis revealed that older age at the time of pacemaker implantation (P < 0.001), the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) (P < 0.001) or atrial fibrillation (P = 0.03), VVI pacemaker (P < 0.001), wider paced QRS duration (P < 0.001), and new‐onset myocardial infarction (P < 0.001) were predictors for HF. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age at implantation (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% confidential interval [CI] 1.04–1.09, P < 0.001), CAD (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.12–3.50, P < 0.05), and a wider paced QRS duration (HR 1.27 for each 10 ms increment, 95% CI 1.11–1.45, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of HF. Furthermore, cardiovascular mortality was significantly increased in those with HF (36.7% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: After a median follow‐up of 7.8 years, permanent RV apical pacing was associated with HF in 26% of patients. Elderly age at the time of implant, a wider paced QRS duration and the presence of CAD independently predicted new‐onset HF. More importantly, HF after RV apical pacing was associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality.
A hybrid motion prediction method for caching and prefetching in distributed virtual environments (2001)

Although there are a few methods proposed for predicting 3D motion, most of these methods are primarily designed for predicting the motion of specific objects, by assuming certain object motion behaviors. We notice that in desktop distributed 3D applications, such as virtual walkthrough and computer games, the 2D mouse is still the most popular device being used as navigation input. Through studying the motion behavior of a mouse during 3D navigation, we propose a hybrid motion model for predicting the mouse motion during a 3D walkthrough. At low motion velocity, we use a linear model for prediction and at high motion velocity, we use an elliptic model for prediction. We describe how this prediction method can be integrated into our distributed virtual environment for object model caching and prefetching. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the prediction method and the resulting caching and prefetching mechanisms through extensive experiments.
I/Q Linear Phase Imbalance Estimation Technique of the Wideband Zero-IF Receiver (2020)

The in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance encountered in the zero-IF receiver leads to incomplete image frequency suppression, which severely deteriorates image rejection ratio (IRR) of the receiver system and must be improved using additional analog or digital signal processing. The I/Q linear phase imbalance (LPI) is the key of the I/Q imbalance, which consists of the time delay deviation (TDD) and the local oscillator (LO) phase offset. TDD is negligible in most literature, but it degrades system performance largely for wideband communication systems. This paper proposes a method based on the cross-power spectrum between the I/Q signal to address the estimation problem of LPI. Compared with other conventional methods, the proposed approach calculates LPI parameters simultaneously without any additional hardware. The MATLAB simulation is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the presented method. Moreover, the experimental platform of detailed design demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed estimation method, and IRR of the system before and after compensation shows that LPI has been accurately estimated and eliminated with the help of an appropriate compensation structure. Both reveal that the proposed method offers an effective solution to the LPI problem.
Mechanism of action of a suppressor-activating factor (SAF) produced by a human T cell line (1985)

We previously described a potent suppressor-activating factor (SAF) produced constitutively by a 6-thioguanine-resistant mutant of the human T cell line CEM. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of action of SAF. After a brief (4- to 18-hr) exposure to SAF at 37 degrees C, T lymphocytes (either unseparated, or purified OKT4+ and OKT8+ subpopulations), but not B lymphocytes, suppressed allogeneic and syngeneic T cells in co-culture experiments, apparently via the release of a suppressor activity. The total T cell-released suppressor activity (TRSA) accumulated after 3 days culture post-treatment was about 100- to 500-fold higher than the original suppressor activity (SAF) added to trigger the release. Arresting protein or DNA synthesis, or even killing the cells did not affect the release of TRSA by T lymphocytes, but lowering the incubation temperature to 4 degrees C reduced it drastically. Pre-treatment of T lymphocytes with the metabolic inhibitor, sodium azide, or the adenylate cyclase stimulator, prostaglandin E2, or the addition of exogenous dibutyryl cAMP, all suppressed the release of TRSA. The presence of monoclonal antibody OKT3, but not OKT4 or OKT8, enhanced the release of TRSA. The presence of OKT11 blocked the release of SAF. The functional characteristics of TRSA appeared to be identical to those of SAF. However, unlike SAF, interaction of T lymphocytes with TRSA triggered only marginal enhancement of suppressor activity. In addition, the kinetics of the suppression mediated by SAF showed a much larger increment as a function of time than that mediated by TRSA. Taken together, the data suggest that SAF might represent an activated form of SAF, and that the continuous activation of SAF by lymphocytes in culture may account for its high potency in suppressing T cell proliferation in vitro.
Altered vagal and sympathetic control of heart rate in left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure (1995)

We investigated alterations in autonomic control of heart rate in conscious dogs with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the presence and absence of heart failure (HF) due to rapid pacing. In dogs with LV dysfunction but no HF, indexes of parasympathetic control decreased significantly after only 4 days of pacing. In dogs with fully developed HF, both vagal and sympathetic contributions were small. Vagomimetic doses of atropine increased both R-R interval (419 +/- 25 to 466 +/- 34 ms, P < 0.05) and standard deviation (SD) of the R-R interval (13 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 9 ms, P < 0.05). The digitalis glycoside deslanoside (Cedilanid-D) alone prolonged R-R interval (420 +/- 33 to 492 +/- 44 ms, P < 0.01) and tended to increase SD (14 +/- 4 to 28 +/- 8 ms, P = 0.08). After Cedilanid-D, low-dose atropine resulted in no significant further change in R-R interval or SD. These data indicate that changes in vagal control of heart rate become apparent at a very early developmental stage of LV dysfunction, and we speculate that this may provide important prognostic information in patients who are at risk for developing progressive myocardial dysfunction and HF.