gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methanol-formic acid esterification equilibrium in sulfuric acid solutions: influence of sodium salts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethanol-formic acid esterification equilibrium in sulfuric acid solutions: influence of sodium saltsBhart Indu, William R. Ernst, and Leslie T. GelbaumCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 5, 981–985Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00017a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00017a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1138Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Astaxanthin Extraction from Crawfish Shells by Supercritical CO <sub>2</sub> with Ethanol as Cosolvent (2001)

Abstract Astaxanthin is an important pigment in fish and shellfish aquaculture and increases the market value of fish such as salmon and trout. Commercially synthesized astaxanthin costs about $1,000/kg. Carotenoids have been extracted from crustacean wastes with organic solvents, but in many of the methods the pigments are degraded. Astaxanthin extraction yield from crawfish tail shells by supercritical CO2 was optimized for temperature, pressure, and moisture. The cosolvent ethanol (10% w) increased yield significantly. Temperature, pressure, and moisture content were other important independent variables. These were studied using an incomplete 33factorial (Box-Behnken) design. The equation of the model fitted to the data was extracted astaxanthin (mg/kg dry shell) = -169.3 + 5.36 T + 0.061 P + 7.32 M -0.0003 T P -0.10 T M + 0.0003 M P -0.02 T2 -0.000006 P2 -0.033M2, where T = temperature; P = pressure (psi); M = moisture. The maxima for moisture, pressure, and temperature were 13, 24 MPa, and 75, respectively.
<i>Mutator</i> Transposase Is Widespread in the Grasses (2001)

Although the Mutator (Mu) system is well characterized in maize (Zea mays), very little is known about this highly mutagenic system of transposons in other grasses. Mutator is regulated by the MuDR class of elements, which encodes two genes, one of which, mudrA, has similarity to a number of bacterial transposases. Experiments in our laboratory, as well as database searches, demonstrate that mudrA sequences are ubiquitous and diverse in the grasses. In several species it is clear that multiple paralogous elements can be present in a single genome. In some species such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa), mudrA-similar sequences are represented in cDNA databases, suggesting the presence of active Mu transposon systems in these species. Further, in rice and in sorghum, mudrA-like genes are flanked by long terminal inverted repeats, as well as the short host sequence direct repeats diagnostic of insertion. Thus, there is ample evidence that systems related to Mu in maize are at least potentially active in a wide variety of grasses. However, the mudrB gene, though important for Mu activity in maize, is not necessarily a component of Mu elements in other grasses.
Tautomers and electronic states of jet-cooled adenine investigated by double resonance spectroscopy (2002)

We present resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and IR-UV double resonance spectra of the nucleobase adenine seeded in a supersonic jet. We show that there are two tautomers of adenine which absorb in the wavelength range 35 400 to 36 700 cm−1. The IR spectra, measured in the range 3200 to 3700 cm−1via hole burning at 36 105 (35 824) cm−1, show bands at 3452 (3437), 3508 (3507/3514) and 3569 (3550) cm−1, which we assign to the symmetric NH2, N–H and antisymmetric NH2 stretching vibrations of the 9H-(7H-) tautomers of adenine by comparison with ab initio based normal mode calculations. The IR spectrum taken via a much weaker band at 35 497 cm−1 agrees completely with the 9H spectrum analysed at 36 105 cm−1 so that an earlier hypothesis (N. J. Kim, G. Jeong, Y. S. Kim, J. Sung and S. K. Kim, J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 113, 10 051, ) of an nπ* transition contributing to the red part of the spectrum is very probable. It is shown that the conventional IR absorption spectrum of adenine in the gas phase is a superposition of the IR spectra of the 9H- and 7H-tautomers and possibly other tautomers. Despite the short lifetime of electronically excited adenine we were able to perform two-color R2PI to obtain the ionization threshold of the 9H tautomer (69 400 ± 50 cm−1 = 8.606 ± 0.006 eV).
Different Effect of Paclitaxel on Primary Tumor Mass, Tumor Cell Contents, and Metastases for Four Experimental Human Prostate Tumors Expressing Luciferase (2005)

Some components of tumor stroma seem to be more sensitive to antineoplastic agents than the tumor cells themselves and may also contribute to modulate the response to therapy. Our results caution against the use of a single general variable, such as tumor mass, to evaluate the effectiveness of antineoplastic agents and emphasize the effect of the tumor cell environment in their sensitivity to treatment.
A Framework for Outsourcing of Secure Computation (2014)

We study the problem of how to efficiently outsource a sensitive computation on secret inputs to a number of untrusted workers, under the assumption that at least one worker is honest.
Electrochemical and<sup>1</sup>H NMR studies on the complexation of hexacyanoferrate(<scp>II</scp>) anions by aminocyclodextrins (1996)

The complexation of the hexacyanoferrate(II) anion by three modified cyclodextrins [hexakis(6-deoxy-6-amino-)-α-CD (1), heptakis(6-deoxy-6-amino)-β-CD (2), and octakis(6-deoxy-6-amino)-γ-CD (3)] has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and 1H NMR in moderately acidic aqueous media. The binding constants of hexacyanoferrate(II) with the three hosts were estimated by computer simulation of the voltammetric data, and were found to fall in the ranges 3 × 105–106 dm3 mol–1 and 2–5 × 103 dm3 mol–1 for the reduced and oxidized forms of the anion, respectively. The reduced form (–4 charge) of the guest is always more strongly bound to any of the positive charged aminocyclodextrins than the oxidized form (–3 charge). This finding, along with the magnitude of the Gibbs energies of complexation, suggests that the binding interactions are essentially electrostatic in nature. Based on the 1H NMR spectroscopic data, complexation seems to take place by partial inclusion of the anionic guest inside the cavity of the CD receptors.
Development of the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) (2014)

The standard approach for documenting symptomatic adverse events (AEs) in cancer clinical trials involves investigator reporting using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Because this approach underdetects symptomatic AEs, the NCI issued two contracts to create a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurement system as a companion to the CTCAE, called the PRO-CTCAE. This Commentary describes development of the PRO-CTCAE by a group of multidisciplinary investigators and patient representatives and provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative studies of its measurement properties. A systematic evaluation of all 790 AEs listed in the CTCAE identified 78 appropriate for patient self-reporting. For each of these, a PRO-CTCAE plain language term in English and one to three items characterizing the frequency, severity, and/or activity interference of the AE were created, rendering a library of 124 PRO-CTCAE items. These items were refined in a cognitive interviewing study among patients on active cancer treatment with diverse educational, racial, and geographic backgrounds. Favorable measurement properties of the items, including construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, and between-mode equivalence, were determined prospectively in a demographically diverse population of patients receiving treatments for many different tumor types. A software platform was built to administer PRO-CTCAE items to clinical trial participants via the internet or telephone interactive voice response and was refined through usability testing. Work is ongoing to translate the PRO-CTCAE into multiple languages and to determine the optimal approach for integrating the PRO-CTCAE into clinical trial workflow and AE analyses. It is envisioned that the PRO-CTCAE will enhance the precision and patient-centeredness of adverse event reporting in cancer clinical research.
A Laser Speckle Imaging Technique for Measuring Tissue Perfusion (2004)

Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) has become a standard method for optical measurement of tissue perfusion, but is limited by low resolution and long measurement times. We have developed an analysis technique based on a laser speckle imaging method that generates rapid, high-resolution perfusion images. We have called it laser speckle perfusion imaging (LSPI). This paper investigates LSPI output and compares it to LDI using blood flow models designed to simulate human skin at various levels of pigmentation. Results show that LSPI parameters can be chosen such that the instrumentation exhibits a similar response to changes in red blood cell concentration (0.1%-5%, 200 microL/min) and velocity (0-800 microL/min, 1% concentration) and, given its higher resolution and quicker response time, could provide a significant advantage over LDI for some applications. Differences were observed in the LDI and LSPI response to tissue optical properties. LDI perfusion values increased with increasing tissue absorption, while LSPI perfusion values showed a slight decrease. This dependence is predictable, owing to the perfusion algorithms specific to each instrument, and, if properly compensated for, should not influence each instrument's ability to measure relative changes in tissue perfusion.
An Atg4B Mutant Hampers the Lipidation of LC3 Paralogues and Causes Defects in Autophagosome Closure (2008)

In the process of autophagy, a ubiquitin-like molecule, LC3/Atg8, is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and associates with forming autophagosomes. In mammalian cells, the existence of multiple Atg8 homologues (referred to as LC3 paralogues) has hampered genetic analysis of the lipidation of LC3 paralogues. Here, we show that overexpression of an inactive mutant of Atg4B, a protease that processes pro-LC3 paralogues, inhibits autophagic degradation and lipidation of LC3 paralogues. Inhibition was caused by sequestration of free LC3 paralogues in stable complexes with the Atg4B mutant. In mutant overexpressing cells, Atg5- and ULK1-positive intermediate autophagic structures accumulated. The length of these membrane structures was comparable to that in control cells; however, a significant number were not closed. These results show that the lipidation of LC3 paralogues is involved in the completion of autophagosome formation in mammalian cells. This study also provides a powerful tool for a wide variety of studies of autophagy in the future.
Stability of metal dithiocarbamate complexes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of metal dithiocarbamate complexesR. R. Scharfe, V. S. Sastri, and C. L. ChakrabartiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 2, 413–415Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60324a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (351 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Efficient Coding (1952)

This paper reviews briefly a few of the simpler aspects of communication theory, especially those parts which relate, to the information rate of and channel capacity required for sampled, quantized messages. Two methods are then discussed, whereby such messages can be converted to a “reduced” form in which the successive samples are more nearly independent and for which the simple amplitude distribution is more peaked than in the original message. This reduced signal can then be encoded into binary digits with good efficiency using a Shannon-Fano code on a symbol-by-symbol (or pair-by-pair) basis. The usual inefficiency which results from ignoring the correlation between message segments is lessened because this correlation is less in the reduced message.
Resistance Mechanism against Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Cancer Cells and Its Negation by Src Inhibition (2017)

Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast and gastric cancers. Several resistance mechanisms against anti-HER2 therapy have been proposed. Src activation has been suggested to be responsible for the resistance of HER2-positive breast cancer. In our study, we generated four trastuzumab-resistant (HR) cancer cell lines from HER2-amplified gastric and biliary tract cancer cell lines (SNU-216, NCI-N87, SNU-2670, and SNU-2773). Elevated Src phosphorylation was detected in SNU2670HR and NCI-N87HR cell lines, but not in SNU216HR or SNU2773HR cell lines. In SNU216HR and SNU2773HR cell lines, phospho-FAK (focal adhesion kinase) was elevated. Bosutinib as a Src inhibitor suppressed growth, cell-cycle progression, and migration in both parental and HR cell lines. Specifically, Src interacted with FAK to affect downstream molecules such as AKT, ERK, and STAT3. Bosutinib showed more potent antitumor effects in Src-activated HR cell lines than parental cell lines. Taken together, this study suggests that Src inhibition may be an effective measure to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancer. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1145-54. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Enamel Protein Chemistry - Past, Present and Future (1979)

Past progress in the chemistry of enamel proteins is reviewed and the current state of knowledge assessed. The matrix of young enamel is a complex system in which some 20 distinct components with molecular weights in the region of 3,000 to 16,000 are in dynamic equilibrium with much larger aggregates. During maturation, most of these components are selectively lost, more or less completely, from the enamel. 'Amelogenin' components rich in proline and histidine are removed first and 'tuft protein', characterized by high serine and glycine, is often partially retained in mature enamel. Some components have been isolated in a state approaching purity and a measure of agreement has been reached between laboratories concerning their characteristics. Partial amino acid sequences are known for two components, which contain phosphoserine. Though the mechanisms of mineralization and protein removal are not known, various possibilities are discussed. The essential unsolved problem is the nature of the overall protein system.
On resolution proofs for combinational equivalence (2007)

Modern combinational equivalence checking (CEC) engines are complicated programs which are difficult to verify. In this paper we show how a modern CEC engine can be modified to produce a proof of equivalence when it proves a miter unsatisfiable. If the CEC engine formulates the problem as a single SAT instance (call this naive), one can use the resolution proof of unsatisfiability as a proof of equivalence. However, a modern CEC engine does not directly invoke a SAT solver for the whole miter, but instead uses a variety of techniques such as structural hashing, detection of intermediate functional equivalences, and circuit re-writing to first simplify the problem. We show that in spite of using these simplification techniques, a CEC engine can be modified to generate a single (extended) resolution proof for the whole miter just as in the naive case. The benefit of having a single proof is that the proof verification program remains extremely simple, and its correctness is much easier to establish than that of the CEC engine.
Modeling and real-time estimation of signal-dependent noise in quantum-limited imaging (2007)

Abstract: Many established and emerging image processing applications rely on quantum-limited imaging, i.e., imaging in extremely poor illumination. At this, images are corrupted by severe signal-dependent Poisson noise. For optimal noise reduction the noise characteristics must be estimated and integrated into the method. Common noise estimators, however, assume Gaussian noise which is not signal-dependent. In this paper, we describe the modeling process exemplarily for low-dose medical X-ray imaging. In this context, we formulate functional models for detector images and images which have undergone nonlinear white compression prior to further processing. Furthermore, we present a robust estimator for signal-dependent noise suited for real-time applications. Key–Words: Quantum noise, noise estimation, X-ray imaging, white compression 1
IEEE Task Force Report: brittle fracture in nonceramic insulators (2002)

A description of the composite insulator brittle fracture phenomenon suitable to allow correct diagnosis of a failure is provided. This paper reports on the number of brittle fractures that have occurred around the world and contains specific empirical data surrounding composite insulator brittle fractures in the US. It also includes several case studies of in-service failures to inform the reader of the diversity of initiating causes. The current state-of-knowledge on the brittle fracture mechanism is presented. Based on what was learned during the study, possible actions that can be taken by manufacturers and users to reduce frequency of occurrence are suggested.
Leucine supplementation differentially enhances pancreatic cancer growth in lean and overweight mice (2014)

These findings show that leucine supplementation enhances tumor growth in both lean and overweight mice through diet-dependent effects in a murine model of pancreatic cancer, suggesting caution against the clinical use of leucine supplementation for the purposes of skeletal muscle enhancement in cachectic patients.
A centered hot plate method for measurement of thermal properties of thin insulating materials (2010)

This paper presents a method dedicated to thermal conductivity measurement of thin (a few millimeters thickness) insulating and super-insulating materials. The method is based on the measurement of the temperature at the center of a heating element inserted between two samples, with the unheated surface of the samples maintained constant. A 3D model of the heat transfer in the system has been established and simulated to determine the validity conditions of a 1D model to represent the center temperature. This 1D model was then used to realize a sensitivity analysis of the center temperature to the different parameters. The conclusion is that the thermal conductivity may be estimated with a good precision for all insulating materials from a simple steady state measurement and that the thermal capacity may also be estimated from transient recording of the temperature with a precision increasing with the value of the thermal capacity of the samples. It has then been shown that a device with two samples of different thickness improves the precision of the estimation of the thermal capacity. These conclusions are validated by an experimental study on polyethylene foam and PVC samples leading to an estimation of their thermal properties very close to the values measured by other classical methods (deviation < 5%).
Resource Optimization of SOA-Technologies in Embedded Networks (2013)

Embedded networks are fundamental infrastructures of many different kinds of domains, such as home or industrial automation, the automotive industry, and future smart grids. Yet they can be very heterogeneous, containing wired and wireless nodes with different kinds of resources and service capabilities, such as sensing, acting, and processing. Driven by new opportunities and business models, embedded networks will play an ever more important role in the future, interconnecting more and more devices, even from other network domains. Realizing applications for such types of networks, however, is a highly challenging task, since various aspects have to be considered, including communication between a diverse assortment of resource-constrained nodes, such as microcontrollers, as well as flexible node infrastructure. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) with Web services would perfectly meet these unique characteristics of embedded networks and ease the development of applications. Standardized Web services, however, are based on plain-text XML, which is not suitable for microcontroller-based devices with their very limited resources due to XML's verbosity, its memory and bandwidth usage, as well as its associated significant processing overhead. This thesis presents methods and strategies for realizing efficient XML-based Web service communication in embedded networks by means of binary XML using EXI format. We present a code generation approach to create optimized and dedicated service applications in resource-constrained embedded networks. In so doing, we demonstrate how EXI grammar can be optimally constructed and applied to the Web service and service requester context. In addition, so as to realize an optimized service interaction in embedded networks, we design and develop an optimized filter-enabled service data dissemination that takes into account the individual resource capabilities of the nodes and the connection quality within embedded networks. We show different approaches for efficiently evaluating binary XML data and applying it to resource constrained devices, such as microcontrollers. Furthermore, we will present the effectful placement of binary XML filters in embedded networks with the aim of reducing both, the computational load of constrained nodes and the network traffic. Various evaluation results of V2G applications prove the efficiency of our approach as compared to existing solutions and they also prove the seamless and successful applicability of SOA-based technologies in the microcontroller-based environment.