gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase II trial to assess efficacy and safety of afatinib in extensively pretreated patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (2012)

Afatinib (BIBW 2992) is an ErbB-family blocker that irreversibly inhibits signaling from all relevant ErbB-family dimers. Afatinib has demonstrated preclinical activity in human epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 (ErbB2)-positive and triple-negative xenograft models of breast cancer, and clinical activity in phase I studies. This was a multicenter phase II study enrolling patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer progressing following no more than three lines of chemotherapy. No prior epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy was allowed. Patients received 50-mg afatinib once daily until disease progression. Tumor assessment was performed at every other 28-day treatment course. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB) for ≥4 treatment courses in triple-negative (Cohort A) metastatic breast cancer (TNBC) and objective responses measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors in patients with HER2-negative, estrogen receptor-positive, and/or progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer (Cohort B). Fifty patients received treatment, including 29 patients in Cohort A and 21 patients in Cohort B. No objective responses were observed in either cohort. Median progression-free survival was 7.4 and 7.7 weeks in Cohorts A and B, respectively. Three patients with TNBC had stable disease for ≥4 treatment courses, one of them for 12 courses (median 26.3 weeks; range 18.9-47.9 weeks). The most frequently observed afatinib-associated adverse events (AEs) were gastrointestinal and skin-related side effects, which were manageable by symptomatic treatment and dose reductions. Afatinib pharmacokinetics were comparable to those observed in previously reported phase I trials. In conclusion, afatinib had limited activity in HER2-negative breast cancer. AEs were generally manageable and mainly affected the skin and the gastrointestinal tract.
Single-cell RNA-seq denoising using a deep count autoencoder (2019)

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled researchers to study gene expression at a cellular resolution. However, noise due to amplification and dropout may obstruct analyses, so scalable denoising methods for increasingly large but sparse scRNA-seq data are needed. We propose a deep count autoencoder network (DCA) to denoise scRNA-seq datasets. DCA takes the count distribution, overdispersion and sparsity of the data into account using a negative binomial noise model with or without zero-inflation, and nonlinear gene-gene dependencies are captured. Our method scales linearly with the number of cells and can, therefore, be applied to datasets of millions of cells. We demonstrate that DCA denoising improves a diverse set of typical scRNA-seq data analyses using simulated and real datasets. DCA outperforms existing methods for data imputation in quality and speed, enhancing biological discovery.
Tiered Adaptive Large-Scale Storage System with High Performance (2013)

There are various calculations, transmission, and storage devices in terms of performance or reliability characteristics in great physical differences exist of large-scale cluster storage systems. Meanwhile, the actual traffic load data access for storage devices is also not uniform in space and time and there is a big difference. It is unrealistic and unwise if all the data stored on the high-performance devices. In order to resolve this problem effectively, we propose large-scale adaptive tiered storage system architecture in which structure can carry out effective monitoring access to the load and adapting allocation of storage resources based on the application environment. This can fulfill the full potential to the advantages of high-performance storage nodes to improve the performance of large-scale clustered storage systems.
Protein interaction with ice (1992)

Many organisms have evolved novel mechanisms to minimize freezing injury due to extracellular ice formation. This article reviews our present knowledge on the structure and mode of action of two types of proteins capable of ice interaction. The antifreeze proteins inhibit ice crystal formation and alter ice growth habits. The ice nucleation proteins, on the other hand, provide a proper template to stimulate ice growth. The potential applications of these proteins in different industries are discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas and pancreatic tumors in a mouse orthotopic model of human cancer (2003)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma has a rising incidence and a very poor survival rate. To develop new treatment strategies, extensive research is performed on animal models of pancreatic cancer. Orthotopic pancreatic tumors models, where the tumor is implanted into the pancreas, resemble the human disease more closely than subcutaneous tumor models, yet are difficult to monitor. In our study we report a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to visualize the pancreas in mice and to monitor orthotopically implanted pancreatic tumors. An MRI scanner was used to image normal murine pancreas and the pancreas of mice implanted with a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted standard sequences were used with the objective to identify the pancreas and to monitor the growth of orthotopic tumors during 30 days. The pancreas as well as the implanted tumors could be easily identified using MRI. On T2-weighted images, the implanted tumors were easily visualized at the implantation side with high signal intensity. After application of a contrast agent, the tumors showed an enhancement. Heterogeneities within the tumor could be delineated, corresponding to histology, and the size of the tumor could be measured precisely. MR serves as a noninvasive high-resolution image modality to monitor murine pancreas as well as size, growth and even areas of heterogeneity in orthotopic pancreatic tumors.
Deletion mapping of the long arm of chromosome 10 in glioblastoma multiforme (1993)

Cytogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies have shown that loss of one entire copy of chromosome 10 is a common genetic event in glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant glial brain tumor in humans. In a search for submicroscopic deletions, we carried out an RFLP analysis using markers that had been mapped accurately on chromosome 10 by genetic linkage analysis. We studied 30 patients of whom 15 had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or more loci. In seven cases, LOH was found at every informative locus, whereas in two cases extensive deletions were observed involving both the short and long arms. In six other patients, LOH was confined to a portion of the long arm. The smallest region of overlap among these latter six deletions was flanked by markers D10S12 proximally and D10S6 distally, a 33.4 centimorgan region that maps physically near the telomere (q25.1-qter). This region will serve as an important target for future mapping experiments designed to identify a tumor suppressor gene implicated in this lethal form of human cancer.
Transmetalation of tetranuclear copper complexes. 3. Effects of ligands (L = N,N-diethylnicotimamide or ethyl nicotinate; X = Cl or Br) on the properties of [LNi(H2O)X]4X4, (.mu.-O)[LNi(H2O)]4X4, and [LCuNi(H2O)X2]2Y2 (Y = O or CO3) complexes in aprotic solvents (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransmetalation of tetranuclear copper complexes. 3. Effects of ligands (L = N,N-diethylnicotimamide or ethyl nicotinate; X = Cl or Br) on the properties of [LNi(H2O)X]4X4, (.mu.-O)[LNi(H2O)]4X4, and [LCuNi(H2O)X2]2Y2 (Y = O or CO3) complexes in aprotic solventsGuang Zuan Cai, Geoffrey Davies, Ahmed El-Toukhy, Thomas R. Gilbert, and Maher HenaryCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 11, 1701–1705Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00205a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00205a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Saccharification and liquefaction of cassava starch: an alternative source for the production of bioethanol using amylolytic enzymes by double fermentation process (2014)

An improved and effective dual enzymatic starch degradation method is designed for the production of bioethanol using cassava starch. The technique developed is more profitable due to its fast liquefaction and saccharification approach that was employed for the formation of glucose and ultimately resulted in higher yields of alcohol production.
Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism (2005)

Methanol is a valuable raw material used in the manufacture of useful chemicals as well as a potential source of energy to replace coal and petroleum. Biotechnological interest in the microbial utilization of methanol has increased because it is an ideal carbon source and can be produced from renewable biomass. Formaldehyde, a cytotoxic compound, is a central metabolic intermediate in methanol metabolism. Therefore, microorganisms utilizing methanol have adopted several metabolic strategies to cope with the toxicity of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is initially detoxified through trapping by some cofactors, such as glutathione, mycothiol, tetrahydrofolate, and tetrahydromethanopterin, before being oxidized to CO2. Alternatively, free formaldehyde can be trapped by sugar phosphates as the first reaction in the C1 assimilation pathways: the xylulose monophosphate pathway for yeasts and the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway for bacteria. In yeasts, although formaldehyde generation and consumption takes place in the peroxisome, the cytosolic formaldehyde oxidation pathway also plays a role in formaldehyde detoxification as well as energy formation. The key enzymes of the RuMP pathway are found in a variety of microorganisms including bacteria and archaea. Regulation of the genes encoding these enzymes and their catalytic mechanisms depend on the physiological traits of these organisms during evolution.
Chronic Tinnitus (2013)

There are many ways to treat chronic tinnitus, and new treatments are now being developed. As tinnitus has many causes and can be associated with many different comorbid disturbances, multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation and treatment are important. For many tinnitus patients, long-term therapeutic success depends on the maintenance of a therapeutic relationship with the treating physician, so that the physician and the patient can work together to give careful consideration to each newly proposed diagnostic test or treatment step.
A Special Application Criterion of the Nine-Switch Converter With Reduced Conduction Loss (2017)

The nine-switch converter is a multiport converter having two three-phase terminals and a dc-link, just like a 12-switch back-to-back (BTB) converter, but with 25% reduction of active switch count. However, the reduction from 12-switch to 9-switch may not always be an efficient choice considering losses in the switches. Only the load-source combination for the ac-ac common frequency mode and the source-source combination for the ac-dc different frequency (ac-dc DF) mode have been reported, so far, to yield relatively lower loss for the nine-switch converter. This paper shows that the nine-switch converter can have relatively lower loss even with a load-source combination, instead of only source-source combination in its ac-dc DF mode-when the upper terminal is connected to a dc load and the lower terminal is connected to an ac source. Mathematical proof is presented with derivation of the particular operating parameters for which the nine-switch converter will have comparatively lower losses. The analysis is validated with simulation and experimental results of a 1-kW system. Finally, the benchmark of the application criteria of the nine-switch converter for having lower conduction loss than the BTB converter is updated in this paper.
Electrical characteristics and influence of the air-gap size in a trielectrode plasma curtain at atmospheric pressure (2009)

A study of the electrical characteristics of the trielectrode plasma curtain (TPC) discharge is presented.The influence of the air-gap size (for a fixed value of the inter-electrode distance) on the discharge behaviour has been exhaustively studied.The TPC discharge is based on the combination of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a corona discharge (CD) in a three electrode system, and basically it consists of the 'stretching' of a pure DBD by the action of a negative CD generated between the active electrode of the dielectric barrier and a remote third electrode.It was found that the general trend of the electrical characteristic curves (the average discharge current and the streamer frequency as functions of the AC and DC biasing voltages) was very similar for all the air-gap values considered.Our results indicate that the development of the TPC discharge requires two conditions: (a) the presence of a positive cycle of a well-developed DBD together with a CD where the remote electrode acts as the cathode and (b) a voltage drop between the DBD electrode and the remote electrode high enough to obtain an average electric field in the gap that must exceed a minimum average electric field value in the streamer channel necessary for its propagation across the gap (≈6.3 kV cm -1 in our experimental conditions).
Anatomical Landmark Detection in Medical Applications Driven by Synthetic Data (2015)

An important initial step in many medical image analysis applications is the accurate detection of anatomical landmarks. Most successful methods for this task rely on data-driven machine learning algorithms. However, modern machine learning techniques, e.g. convolutional neural networks, need a large corpus of training data, which is often an unrealistic setting for medical datasets. In this work, we investigate how to adapt synthetic image datasets from other computer vision tasks to overcome the under-representation of the anatomical pose and shape variations in medical image datasets. We transform both data domains to a common one in such a way that a convolutional neural network can be trained on the larger synthetic image dataset and fine-tuned on the smaller medical image dataset. Our evaluations on data of MR hand and whole body CT images demonstrate that this approach improves the detection results compared to training a convolutional neural network only on the medical data. The proposed approach may also be usable in other medical applications, where training data is scarce.
A cost-driven compilation framework for speculative parallelization of sequential programs (2004)

The emerging hardware support for thread-level speculation opens new opportunities to parallelize sequential programs beyond the traditional limits. By speculating that many data dependences are unlikely during runtime, consecutive iterations of a sequential loop can be executed speculatively in parallel. Runtime parallelism is obtained when the speculation is correct. To take full advantage of this new execution model, a program needs to be programmed or compiled in such a way that it exhibits high degree of speculative thread-level parallelism. We propose a comprehensive cost-driven compilation framework to perform speculative parallelization. Based on a misspeculation cost model, the compiler aggressively transforms loops into optimal speculative parallel loops and selects only those loops whose speculative parallel execution is likely to improve program performance. The framework also supports and uses enabling techniques such as loop unrolling, software value prediction and dependence profiling to expose more speculative parallelism. The proposed framework was implemented on the ORC compiler. Our evaluation showed that the cost-driven speculative parallelization was effective. Our compiler was able to generate good speculative parallel loops in ten Spec2000Int benchmarks, which currently achieve an average 8% speedup. We anticipate an average 15.6% speedup when all enabling techniques are in place.
Novel Synthesis of Cyclic Alkenylboronates via Ring-Closing Metathesis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Synthesis of Cyclic Alkenylboronates via Ring-Closing MetathesisJohanne Renaud and Stéphane G. OuelletView Author Information Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research C.P./P.O. Box 1005 Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, H9R 4P8 Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 31, 7995–7996Publication Date (Web):July 24, 1998Publication History Received23 March 1998Published online24 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja980958iCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1990Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (96 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Metathesis,Ruthenium Get e-Alerts
Spatial Proximity of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein Zinc Fingers Investigated by Time-Resolved Fluorescence and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (1994)

The three-dimensional structure of peptides encompassing the two zinc-saturated finger motifs of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 of HIV-1 has been reported by several groups. Whereas the folded structures of the finger motifs were in good agreement, discrepancies existed concerning their spatial relationship since the fingers were found either close to each other [Morellet, N., Jullian, N., De Rocquigny, H., Maigret, B., Darlix, J. L., & Roques, B. P. (1992) Embo J. 11, 3059-3065] or independently folded [Omichinski, J. G., Clore, G. M., Sakaguchi, K., Appella, E., & Gronenborn, A. M. (1991) FEBS Lett. 292, 25-30, Summers, M. F., Henderson, L. E., Chance, M. R., Bess, J. W., Jr., South, T. L., Blake, P. R., Sagi, I., Perez-Alvarado, G., Sowder, R.C., III, Hare, D.R., & Arthur, L. O. (1992) Protein Sci. 1, 563-574]. As in the interacting finger model, Phe16 in the NH2-terminal finger and Trp37 in the COOH-terminal finger were found to be spatially close, the fluorescence properties of the aromatic residues at positions 16 and 37 in the wild-type and two conservatively substituted (12-53) NCp7 peptides were investigated and compared with those of three negative control derivatives where the finger motifs were not in close contact. Direct distance measurements by Tyr-Trp fluorescence resonance energy transfer of the former derivatives yielded a 7-12 A interchromophore distance range which is clearly inconsistent with the 12.5-18 A range measured for the negative controls and thus a random orientation of the zinc finger motifs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oxalat‐ und Malonatkomplexe des Eisen(III) mit aromatischen α‐Diiminliganden (1980)

Abstract Eine Reihe neuer, pseudooktaedrischer Eisen(III)‐Gemischtligandenkomplexe mit Oxalat bzw. Malonat und den aromatischen α‐Diiminen 1, 10‐Phenanthrolin und 2, 2′‐Bi‐pyridyl wurde dargestellt. Die Bildung dieser Verbindungen erfolgte sowohl über die protolytische Spaltung der sauerstoffverbrückten Eisen(III)‐Zweikernspezies [Fe 2 (N,N 4 O)] 4+ mit N, N = α‐Diimin, als auch durch sukzessive Umsetzung des Eisen(III)‐Ions mit den Sauerstoffdonorliganden und anschließender Reaktion mit dem Diimin. In Abhängigkeit vom pH‐Wert und dem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis der Reaktionspartner ergeben sich unterschiedliche Komplextypen. Die Charakterisierung der dargestellten lichtempfindlichen Eisen(III)‐Verbindungen erfolgte mittels IR, UV/VIS‐Spektroskopie, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen sowie magnetochemisch.
Effect of TJ-68 (shakuyaku-kanzo-to) on polycystic ovarian disease. (1994)

It is suggested that TJ-68 acts directly on the ovary first, increasing the activity of aromatase, which promotes the synthesis of estradiol from testosterone, thus lowering serum T levels. Furthermore, the effect on catecholamines results in gradually improving the dissociate phenomenon of LH/FSH ratio. Therefore, TJ-68 is an effective herbal medicine for decreasing serum free-T levels and achieving pregnancy in patients with PCOD.
OXYGEN TOXICITY (1945)

The effects produced by breathing high concentrations of oxygen for prolonged periods of time have been studied intensively by many investigators in a variety of animals including frogs, turtles, pigeons, mice, rats, guinea pigs, cats, dogs and monkeys.<sup>1</sup>Practically all of these investigators have reported the occurrence of irritation, congestion and edema of the lungs and even death following long exposures. Because of the recent introduction and widespread use of apparatus designed to deliver 100 per cent oxygen it is highly important that similar well controlled experiments be done on man to determine the limits for safe oxygen usage in therapy and in aviation. Satisfactory experiments of this type have not yet been performed. Behnke<sup>2</sup>reported that healthy men between the ages of 20 and 40 are unable to breathe 99 per cent oxygen for periods in excess of seven hours because of nausea, dyspnea and substernal soreness; complete
Trip report, July 1956 (1956)

r r a m e d through C .A .Priode.