gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and Delivery of Synergistic Chemotherapy Drug Combinations to Tumors (2015)

Chemotherapy combinations for cancer treatments harbor immense therapeutic potentials which have largely been untapped. Of all diseases, clinical studies of drug combinations are the most prevalent in oncology, yet their effectiveness is disputable, as complete tumor regressions are rare. Our research has been devoted towards developing delivery vehicles for combinations of chemotherapy drugs which elicit significant tumor reduction yet limit toxicity in healthy tissue. Current administration methods assume that chemotherapy combinations at maximum tolerable doses will provide the greatest therapeutic effect – a presumption which often leads to unprecedented side effects. Contrary to traditional administration, we have found that drug ratios rather than total cumulative doses govern combination therapeutic efficacy. In this thesis, we have developed nanoparticles to incorporate synergistic ratios of chemotherapy combinations which significantly inhibit cancer cell growth at lower doses than would be required for their single drug counterparts.\tThe advantages of multi-drug incorporation in nano-vehicles are many: improved accumulation in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, limited uptake in healthy tissue, and controlled exposure of tumor tissue to optimal synergistic drug ratios. To exploit these advantages for polychemotherapy delivery, two prominent nanoparticles were investigated: liposomes and polymer-drug conjugates. Liposomes represent the oldest class of nanoparticles, with high drug loading capacities and excellent biocompatibility. Polymer-drug conjugates offer controlled drug incorporations through reaction stoichiometry, and potentially allow for delivery of precise ratios. Here, we show that both vehicles, when armed with synergistic ratios of chemotherapy drugs, significantly inhibit tumor growth in an aggressive mouse breast carcinoma model. Furthermore, versatile drug incorporation methods investigated here can be broadly applied to various agents. Findings from our research can potentially widen the therapeutic window of chemotherapy combinations by emphasizing investigations of optimal drug ratios rather than maximum drug doses and by identifying appropriate nanoparticles for their delivery. Application of these concepts can ultimately help capture the full therapeutic potential of combination regimens.
Advances in hard rock mining technology (2004)

Many would argue that the words mining and high-technology do not sit comfortably in the same sentence. It is often stated that if a miner (or a minerals ’ processor) working during the first decade of the 20 th Century was transported to a hard rock mine (or plant) of today they would be impressed by the size and scale of the modern
ASPERGILLUS LUCHUENSIS, AN INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT BLACK ASPERGILLUS IN EAST ASIA (2013)

Aspergilli known as black- and white-koji molds which are used for awamori, shochu, makgeolli and other food and beverage fermentations, are reported in the literature as A. luchuensis, A. awamori, A. kawachii, or A. acidus. In order to elucidate the taxonomic position of these species, available ex-type cultures were compared based on morphology and molecular characters. A. luchuensis, A. kawachii and A. acidus showed the same banding patterns in RAPD, and the three species had the same rDNA-ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin sequences and these differed from those of the closely related A. niger and A. tubingensis. Morphologically, the three species are not significantly different from each other or from A. niger and A. tubingensis. It is concluded that A. luchuensis, A. kawachii and A. acidus are the same species, and A. luchuensis is selected as the correct name based on priority. Strains of A. awamori which are stored in National Research Institute of Brewing in Japan, represent A. niger (n = 14) and A. luchuensis (n = 6). The neotype of A. awamori (CBS 557.65 = NRRL 4948) does not originate from awamori fermentation and it is shown to be identical with the unknown taxon Aspergillus welwitschiae. Extrolite analysis of strains of A. luchuensis showed that they do not produce mycotoxins and therefore can be considered safe for food and beverage fermentations. A. luchuensis is also frequently isolated from meju and nuruk in Korea and Puerh tea in China and the species is probably common in the fermentation environment of East Asia. A re-description of A. luchuensis is provided because the incomplete data in the original literature.
Future of an ‘Asymptomatic‘ T-cell Epitope-Based Therapeutic Herpes Simplex Vaccine (2012)

Considering the limited success of the recent herpes clinical vaccine trial [1], new vaccine strategies are needed. Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) in the majority of men and women are usually asymptomatic and results in lifelong viral latency in neurons of sensory ganglia (SG). However, in a minority of men and women HSV spontaneous reactivation can cause recurrent disease (i.e., symptomatic individuals). Our recent findings show that T cells from symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women (i.e. those with and without recurrences, respectively) recognize different herpes epitopes. This finding breaks new ground and opens new doors to assess a new vaccine strategy: mucosal immunization with HSV-1 & HSV-2 epitopes that induce strong in vitro CD4 and CD8 T cell responses from PBMC derived from asymptomatic men and women (designated here as "asymptomatic" protective epitopes") could boost local and systemic "natural" protective immunity, induced by wild-type infection. Here we highlight the rationale and the future of our emerging "asymptomatic" T cell epitope-based mucosal vaccine strategy to decrease recurrent herpetic disease.
The chromonic phases of dyes (1986)

Abstract It has been shown that the lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases formed by certain dyes are structurally analogous to the chromonic N and M liquid-crystalline phases previously thought to be unique to certain anti-asthmatic/anti-allergic drugs. We suspect that these two groups of compounds will prove to be representatives of a large new class of mesogenic materials.
ROAD VEHICLE POSITIONING AT THE LANE LEVEL BASED ON GNSS INTEGRATION WITH ENHANCED MAPS (2009)

The determination of the vehicle position at the lane level is an important challenge in road navigation that can bring new possibilities for collision avoidance or advanced driver assistance systems. An interesting approach of this problem is the combination of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with enhanced maps that include precise lane information. This paper presents a novel method for map-matching and positioning at the lane level based on the integration of GNSS and dead-reckoning measurements with a novel highly accurate road description. Experimental results in complex scenarios with multiple lanes show the suitability of the proposed method.
Substrates for HTS Films (1990)

The novel physical properties of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) have placed unusually severe requirements upon substrate materials to be used for thin film applications. To date, the highest quality thin films have only been produced upon a limited class of crystalline substrate materials while film properties have generally been at best mediocre on most conventional substrates. The ongoing development of in situ film deposition techniques has improved this situation to some extent and the further evolution of film processing promises to expand the selection of useful substrates for HTS films and devices. In this paper we review the current status of substrates for HTS thin film electronic applications and discuss a number of issues pertaining to substrates that continue to play a significant role in the development of HTS thin film technology.
A systematic study of ESD protection structures for RF ICs (2003)

We report the first systematic investigation of various ESD protection structures, e.g., diodes, ggNMOS, gcNMOS, ggPMOS, SCR and multi-mode SCR's in a 0.35 /spl mu/m production BiCMOS technology, for RF ICs up to 100 GHz by mixed-mode ESD simulation. Typical circuit parameters for RF ICs, e.g., parasitic resistances, capacitances, noise figures and S-parameters were studied. The comparison study suggests that compact SCR-type structures and diode strings may be solutions to RF ESD protection.
A satellite interference location system using differential time and phase measurement techniques (1991)

The design and development of a system for inferring the position of terrestrial satellite uplink stations using existing domestic satellites with minimal disruption to normal satellite operation are described. Two methods are presented by which a quantity measured at a terrestrial receiving site is mapped into a curve of possible uplink locations on the Earth's surface. One method involves measuring differential time delays of a single uplink signal observed through two adjacent spacecraft. The other uses a short baseline interferometer composed of the two cross-polarized and spatially separated antenna feeds aboard an affected satellite. A unique location is obtained by using an appropriate combination of the two methods. A system for measurement of the required differential delays and phases and experimental work performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the location methods are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluctuations in natural soil populations of <i>Verticillium tricorpus</i> (1969)

Numbers of V. tricorpus propagules in soil showed considerable variation according to the time of the year when samples were taken. This is considered to be a true fluctuation, rather than chance variation, or periodic suppression by antagonistic fungi, and is in contrast to earlier evidence that the related species, V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae, are present in soil mostly as resting bodies. Instead, it is suggested that the fluctuation in number of propagules is due to microsclerotia producing short-lived spores. Under laboratory conditions it has been shown that conidia and microconidia are produced directly by microsclerotia, and it is suggested that such bodies are responsible for the fluctuation in number of propagules in soils.
Bioluminescence of myctophid and stomiiform fishes is not due to bacterial luciferase (1994)

Abstract A recent report by D. Foran proposes that bioluminescence of myctophids and some stomiiform fishes is due to bacterial symbionts in their photophores, based on positive hybridization of bacterial luminescence (lux) gene probes to DNA from muscle and skin of myctophids and stomiiforms and in situ hybridization. Previous microscopic studies have not revealed the presence of bacteria in these fishes, and bioluminescence of myctophids has been attributed to a coelenterazine‐based system. We have investigated this finding by assay of bacterial luciferase and by lux hybridization to DNA from photophores and control samples in order to determine whether bacterial symbionts or bacterial lux genes are present in these fishes. Results of enzyme assays of photophores from six species of myctophids and two species of stomiiforms show bacterial luciferase activity ranging from 0 to 7 × 10 5 quanta sec −1 mg wet weight −1 . The highest levels detected were 3–4 orders of magnitude less than the activity of luminous bacteria and symbiotic light organ extracts, and were less than or equal to the activity of gut homogenates, which were up to tenfold higher than the highest photophore activities. Hybridization with lux probes did not detect lux sequences in photophore DNA from three species of myctophids and three species of stomiiforms. We find no evidence that bacterial luciferase is the source of luminescence in myctophid and stomiiform light organs.
Determination of the Molecular Structure of the Human Free Secretory Component (1991)

Here, we present the experimental data, leading to determination of the primary structure, the linkage of the carbohydrates and the arrangements of the disulfide bonds of the human free secretory component. Methods of protein chemistry were used. The protein can be divided into five homology regions and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Analysis of Iron Precipitation in Silicon as a Basis for Gettering Simulations (1998)

In order to better understand and model internal gettering of iron in silicon, a quantitative investigation of iron precipitation in silicon containing different oxygen precipitate densities was performed. The number of iron precipitation sites was obtained from the iron precipitation kinetics using Ham's law. At low temperatures, the iron precipitation site density corresponded to the oxygen precipitate density. A strong annealing temperature dependence of the iron precipitate density was observed for the samples with larger oxygen precipitate densities. These data were used to simulate iron precipitation during a slow cool. From those simulations, optimal cooling rates were obtained for different silicon materials assuming various iron precipitation site densities in the denuded zone.
Managing white clover in mixed swards principles and practice (2011)

The key to sustainable productivity from grass/white clover swards is the maintenance of a satisfactory clover content. This is not always easy given the dynamics of the grass/white clover association and the interaction of the components, particularly in light of the N fluxes. Nevertheless, considerable advances by researchers have been made, especially over the last 10-15 years, and management guidelines increasingly elucidated. The research findings leading up to these are examined and discussed below for both grazing and conservation forms of utilization. Emphasis is given to the vital role of the perennating stolon network and its reaction to the different interacting components (defoliation, trampling, excretal return) of the grazing process; the effeets of cutting intensity (severity and frequeney) are also considered, as is the advantage of a conservation cut in rejuvenating severely grazed swards. While as yet limited in number in Europe, systems studies exploiting the high nutritive value of clover have proved practicable and economically viable for sheep, dairy and beef cattle production. Clover varietal types and companion grasses are also discussed in relation to their influence on clover persistence as are the effeets of different fertilizer nutrients. Environmental concerns are briefly touched upon, particularly in relation to minimising N losses, still a challenging topic for researchers. It is concluded that a flexible approach to management is necessary, i.e. applying specific management techniques or factors at specific times in response to seasonal effeets or to the effeets of previous management. Arguably farmers aecustomed to the straightforward use of N-fertilized grass swards require decision support from advisory services; they in turn need support from researchers who have validated practical systems of animal production primarily based upon grass/white clover swards. It is predicted that their use will increase in the near future for various reasons including the political moves towards extensification, the requirement for increasingly environmentally-friendly farming systems and consumer demand for production systems perceived as being 'natural'
Adrenomedullin and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia (1999)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide that elicits a long-lasting vasorelaxant activity, while atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has also been shown to be a potent vasodilatory agent. To clarify the possible role of AM and ANP in the physiology of pregnancy and pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, we measured plasma concentrations of these peptides in non-pregnant women, normal pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia. A gradual increase in plasma AM was observed as pregnancy progressed. The plasma AM concentrations during the second trimester (12.7 +/- 1.4 fmol/ml) were significantly elevated, in comparison with the non-pregnant follicular phase (6.4 +/- 0.61 fmol/ml), luteal phase (6.0 +/- 0.49 fmol/ml), and the first trimester (6.5 +/- 0.8 fmol/ml). The plasma AM concentrations of the third trimester (21.5 +/- 1.4 fmol/ml) were significantly elevated when compared with those of the second trimester (P < 0.05). Northern blot analysis confirmed the expression of the AM mRNA transcript (1.6 kb) in third trimester placentas. In comparison with those observed at term (25.3 +/- 4.5 fmol/ml), the plasma concentrations were significantly reduced post-partum (6.4 +/- 0.6 fmol/ml). In the third trimester, plasma AM concentrations did not differ significantly between women with pre-eclampsia (17.2 +/- 2.3 fmol/ml) and normal pregnant women. In contrast, the plasma ANP concentrations in pre-eclampsia (39.5 +/- 7. 1 pg/ml) were significantly elevated when compared with those of the normal third trimester (14.4 +/- 1.4 pg/ml) (P < 0.05). ANP concentrations were reasonably constant throughout the pregnancy.
Ternary Oxides in the TiO<sub>2</sub>–ZnO System as Efficient Electron-Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 15% (2016)

Perovskite solar cells, which utilize organometal-halide perovskites as light-harvesting materials, have attracted great attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and potentially low cost in fabrication. A compact layer of TiO<sub>2</sub> or ZnO is generally applied as electron-transport layer (ETL) in a typical perovskite solar cell. In this study, we explored ternary oxides in the TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO system to find new materials for the ETL. Compact layers of titanium zinc oxides were readily prepared on the conducting substrate via spray pyrolysis method. The optical band gap, valence band maximum and conduction band minimum of the ternary oxides varied significantly with the ratio of Ti to Zn, surprisingly, in a nonmonotonic way. When a zinc-rich ternary oxide was applied as ETL for the device, a PCE of 15.10% was achieved, comparable to that of the device using conventional TiO<sub>2</sub> ETL. Interestingly, the perovskite layer deposited on the zinc-rich ternary oxide is stable, in sharp contrast with that fabricated on a ZnO layer, which will turn into PbI<sub>2</sub> readily when heated. These results indicate that potentially new materials with better performance can be found for ETL of perovskite solar cells in ternary oxides, which deserve more exploration.
XCVII.—The cumulative effect of the chlorine atom and the methyl and sulphonyl chloride groups on substitution in the benzene nucleus. Part II (1921)

W. Davies, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1921, 119, 876 DOI: 10.1039/CT9211900876
Integrating Quality of Service Aspects in Top-Down Business Process Development Using WS-CDL and WS-BPEL (2007)

Developing cross-organizational business processes is a tedious task. The partners have to agree on a common data format and meaning as well as on the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements each partner has to fulfill. The QoS requirements are typically described using Service Level Agreements (SLAs) among the partners. In this paper, we propose a top-down modeling approach for Web service based business processes to capture the functional and non-functional aspects using a choreography language (WS-CDL) which describes the message interactions among the participants. The choreography is annotated with SLAs for the different partners. For each partner in the process, an orchestration (in WS-BPEL) and the necessary Web service templates are automatically generated. Additionally, the Service Level Objectives (SLOs) from the partner SLAs are automatically translated into policies which can then be enforced by a BPEL engine during execution.
Future trends in database systems (1989)

The author discusses the likely evolution of commercial data managers over the next several years. Topics to be covered include the following: why SQL (structured query language) has become a universal standard; who can benefit from SQL standardization; why the current SQL standard has no chance of lasting; why all database systems can be distributed soon; what new technologies are likely to be commercialized; and why vendor independence may be achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dimeric opioid antagonists. (1986)

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimeric pentapeptide opioid antagonists have been prepared and studied on the mouse vas deferens preparation. The findings do not support the hypothesis that such agents bind to dimeric delta-opioid receptors.
Solution-phase library generation: Methods and applications in drug discovery (1998)

Solution-phase high throughput synthesis has emerged as a powerful method for the rapid generation of chemical libraries. The success of this approach is largely due to the development of novel synthetic methodologies that expedite the preparation of compounds. Several isolation/purification techniques have also been developed to eliminate the time-consuming purification procedures often associated with solution-phase chemistry. These methods are amenable to parallel synthesis and combinatorial strategies and can be fully automated. In addition, the compound libraries generated using solution-phase high throughput synthesis have been used to accelerate both lead identification and lead optimization programs at various companies.
Phase noise optimization of CMOS VCO through harmonic tuning (2005)

An optimization technique for a low phase noise CMOS LC VCO is proposed. The combination of harmonic tuning and on-chip filtering improves both 1/f/sup 3/ and 1/f/sup 2/ phase noise more than 10 dB over a comparable reference VCO. A 2.7 V, 5.4 mA, 30% tuning range, 1 GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed with the technique and implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The optimized 1 GHz CMOS differential VCO achieves -89 dBc/Hz, -116 dBc/Hz and -135 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz offset frequencies from the carrier, respectively.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 expression by human trabecular meshwork. (1998)

IGFBP-5 and IGF-I receptor were expressed at significant levels by TM cells and may serve an important role in trabecular function.
Noninvasive evaluation of local myocardial thickening and its color-coded imaging (1997)

For the noninvasive diagnosis of heart disease based on the acoustic characteristics of the heart muscle, we have developed a new method for accurately tracking the movement of the heart wall. By this method, a velocity signal of the heart wall with a small amplitude of less than 10 /spl mu/m on the motion resulting from a heartbeat with large amplitude of 10 mm can be successfully detected with sufficient reproducibility in the frequency range up to several hundred Hertz continuously for periods of about 10 heartbeats. In this paper, the method is applied to multiple points preset in the left ventricular (LV) wall along the ultrasonic beam so that the spatial (depth) distributions of the velocity at these points are simultaneously obtained. The motion of the heart wall is divided into the following two components: parallel global motion of the heart wall and the change in myocardial layer thickening at each depth across the LV wall during myocardial contraction/relaxation. The latter component is superimposed on the M (motion) mode image using a color code to map contraction as red and expansion as blue. By preliminary human studies, the principle of the method proposed in this paper is verified and the frequency band of the components generated by thickening and/or thinning in the myocardium is identified. This new approach offers potential for research on noninvasive acoustical diagnosis of myocardial local motility, that is, the myocardial layer function at each depth in the ventricular wall.