gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Cytomegalovirus-based Vaccine Expressing a Single Tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell Epitope Delays Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer (2012)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly immunogenic virus that results in a persistent, life-long infection in the host typically with no ill effects. Certain unique features of CMV, including its capacity to actively replicate in the presence of strong host CMV-specific immunity, may give CMV an advantage compared with other virus-based vaccine delivery platforms. In the present study, we tested the utility of mouse CMV (mCMV)-based vaccines expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer immunotherapy in double-transgenic mice expressing PSA and HLA-DRB1*1501 (DR2bxPSA F1 mice). We assessed the capacity of 2 mCMV-based vectors to induce PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses and affect the growth of PSA-expressing Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate tumors (TRAMP-PSA). In the absence of tumor challenge, immunization with mCMV vectors expressing either a H2-D(b)-restricted epitope PSA(65-73) (mCMV/PSA(65-73)) or the full-length gene for PSA (mCMV/PSA(FL)) induced comparable levels of CD8 T-cell responses that increased (inflated) with time. Upon challenge with TRAMP-PSA tumor cells, animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(65-73) had delay of tumor growth and increased PSA-specific CD8 T-cell responses, whereas animals immunized with mCMV/PSA(FL) showed progressive tumor growth and no increase in number of splenic PSA(65-73)-specific T cells. The data show that a prototype CMV-based prostate cancer vaccine can induce an effective antitumor immune response in a "humanized" double-transgenic mouse model. The observation that mCMV/PSA(FL) is not effective against TRAMP-PSA is consistent with our previous findings that HLA-DRB1*1501-restricted immune responses to PSA are associated with suppression of effective CD8 T-cell responses to TRAMP-PSA tumors.
TeO<i>x</i> thin films for an optical disc memory (1983)

Tellurium suboxide thin films TeOx were found to change in refractive index and extinction coefficient on thermal or optical heating, with accompanying changes in the reflectivity and transmission. The preparation method and thermal or optical properties of the TeOx thin films were investigated to obtain a stable and highly sensitive optical disc memory. A two-source evaporation method using Te and TeO2 provided uniform and any desired composition. The properties of the film depended on the x value; increasing x to as large as x=1.2, which represents a Te-poor composition, produced an excellent humidity and heat stability, and decreasing x to 0.8 made the film more sensitive to a laser diode, but susceptible to humidity. The TeO1.1 thin film was found to sufficiently satisfy all requirements for practical disc applications. A reflective optical disc was prepared using the TeO1.1 thin film deposited on a polymethylmethacrylate substrate with grooves for optical tracking. This disc is capable of recording video signals at real time by laser diodes. It showed no reflectivity changes on recorded or unrecorded areas and no sensitivity change to laser light after long term storage in high humidity and temperature.
H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> ‐induced block of glycolysis as an active ADP‐ribosylation reaction protecting cells from apoptosis (2000)

H2O2 treatment on U937 cells leads to the block of glycolytic flux and the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase by a posttranslational modification (possibly ADP-ribosylation). Glycolysis spontaneously reactivates after 2 h of recovery from oxidative stress; thereafter cells begin to undergo apoptosis. The specific ADP-ribosylation inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide inhibits the stress-induced inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and the block of glycolysis; concomitantly, it anticipates and increases apoptosis. Exogenous block of glycolysis (i.e., by culture in glucose-free medium or with glucose analogs or after NAD depletion), turns the transient block into a stable one: this results in protection from apoptosis, even when downstream cell metabolism is kept active by the addition of pyruvate. All this evidence indicates that the stress-induced block of glycolysis is not the result of a passive oxidative damage, but rather an active cell reaction programmed via ADP-ribosylation for cell self-defense.
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Inhibits ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1-mediated Cholesterol Efflux and Modulates Membrane Domain Structure (2003)

Liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) transcription factors have been found to induce a number of genes involved in the regulation of cellular cholesterol efflux, including the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which mediates the active efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to extracellular acceptors, such as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). In a screen for macrophage LXR/RXR target genes, we identified stearoyl-CoA desaturases 1 and 2 (Scd1 and Scd2), and subsequently tested the hypothesis that SCD activity might modulate cellular cholesterol efflux. In HEK 293 cells co-transfection of ABCA1 with either SCD1 or SCD2 inhibited ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux but not phospholipid efflux. In Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with moderate stable overexpression of SCD1, cholesterol efflux to apoA-I was inhibited by 73%, whereas phospholipid efflux and ABCA1 protein levels were unchanged. In contrast, cholesterol efflux to HDL(2), which is not dependent on ABCA1, was increased 2-fold in CHO-SCD1 cells. The effect of SCD on cholesterol efflux to apoA-I was independent of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity. SCD activity led to an increased content of plasma membrane monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1) at the expense of saturated fatty acids (18:0). As shown by confocal microscopy, SCD overexpression led to a decrease of Triton X-100-resistant domains in the plasma membrane, indicating a decrease in membrane-ordered regions. The data suggest that SCD changes membrane organization and depletes a specific pool of membrane cholesterol supporting ABCA1-mediated efflux, whereas increasing availability of cholesterol for passive efflux by HDL(2). ABCA1-mediated cholesterol and phospholipid efflux may be uncoupled in pathological states associated with high SCD activity, as in hyperinsulinemic obese mice, or in animals treated with LXR activators.
Synchronous Intracardiac Cardioversion (1984)

The concept of synchronous transvenous cardioversion of sustained ventricular tachycardia is discussed. This article reviews the animal experience, initial and collective studies in patients, and results of permanent implantation in two patients.
6‐4: Influence of Hole Transporting Layer Thickness on Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes (2017)

The quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on solution process are reported for its stability and efficiency. Our work demonstrate that the thickness of hole transporting layer (HTL) play an important role in the QLEDs device. HTL may be corroded by the QD solvent with the process of spin‐coating. And so the quality of HTL, such as roughness, compactness, reliability, becomes worse. The HTL thickness loss more, the quality of QDs layer will be worse. By reducing HTL initial thickness, HTL thickness loss was reduced and the roughness and uniformity of QDs layer which is on the HTL layer was improved. Meanwhile, the efficiency and brightness of QLEDs were improved and the threshold voltage was lowered. However, leakage current increased. In the other hand, if HTL initial thickness is increased, the hole injecting layer (HIL) can be covered completely and leakage current will decrease, meanwhile, the life time can be improved. Therefore, an optimized initial thickness of HTL is very important for QLEDs. In this paper, we also will show the red passive‐matrix QLED device color.
Induction of surfactant protein in fetal lung. Effects of cAMP and dexamethasone on SAP-35 RNA and synthesis. (1987)

Synthesis of surfactant-associated glycoprotein of Mr = 30,000-35,000 (SAP-35) was induced in explant culture of human fetal lung obtained from 8 to 24 weeks of gestation. SAP-35 synthesis and content increased markedly during 1-5 days in organ culture in association with the morphologic maturation of Type II epithelial cells and the appearance of lamellar bodies. [35S] Methionine labeling of the explants and subsequent immunoprecipitation of SAP-35 demonstrated distinct high-mannose precursors and sialylated SAP-35 forms as early in culture as SAP-35 synthesis was detectable. The increase in SAP-35 synthesis was associated with increased SAP-35 RNA of 2.1 kilobases as assessed by hybridization assay with [32P]cDNA specific for human SAP-35. Specific SAP-35 RNA increased during organ culture and both SAP-35 content and SAP-35 RNA increased in the absence of exogenous hormones in 2% carbon-stripped fetal calf serum. SAP-35 content and synthesis was stimulated by 8-Br-cAMP. Addition of 100 microM 8-Br-cAMP, enhanced both the concentration of SAP-35 protein and the SAP-35 RNA as assessed by hybridization assay. In contrast, treatment of the explants with dexamethasone was associated with decreased SAP-35 protein synthesis, SAP-35 content, and decreased SAP-35 RNA levels compared to untreated explants. Inhibition by dexamethasone occurred at all gestational ages tested, was dose-dependent, and detectable within 24-48 h during organ culture. Dexamethasone significantly inhibited both basal and cAMP-induced SAP-35 synthesis. Induction of pulmonary surfactant protein (SAP-35) synthesis during organ culture of human fetal lung was associated with increased SAP-35 RNA. SAP-35 synthesis and SAP-35 RNA were inhibited by dexamethasone and enhanced cAMP.
The Synthesis and Polymerisation of a Liquid Crystalline Crosslinkable Thiol-Ene Molecule (1999)

Abstract In order to stabilise the alignment of liquid crystalline main chain polymers obtained by photopolymerisation of liquid crystalline thiol-ene molecules, a crosslinkable liquid crystalline thiol-ene molecule was made. Upon polymerisation of mixtures of both molecules, polymers were formed which suffer less from domain formation due to phase separation, crystallisation and shrinkage compared to polymers made from non-crosslinkable thiol-ene molecules. Due to this stabilisation, materials with high birefringence could be prepared.
Photocopying Living Chains. 1. Steady-State (2001)

We present the first ever measurements of living chain molecular weight distributions (MWDs), ψo(N), in free radical polymerization (FRP), using a new technique, the “photocopy method”. Though living chains are the fundamental objects in FRP, their MWDs have eluded measurement until now, principally due to their very short lifetimes (≲1 s). In the photocopy method, the living population is converted, essentially instantaneously, to a labeled inert one by “photoinhibitor” molecules activated by a short laser pulse. This floods the FRP with photoinhibitor radicals, which ideally (i) are extremely slow to initiate new living chains yet (ii) couple with existing living chains (and each other) at near diffusion-controlled rates and (iii) carry a fluorescent label. Thus, the living chains are “frozen” and labeled. They are subsequently detected selectively using GPC equipped with a fluorescence detector (a second detector simultaneously detects unlabeled chains). We applied the photocopy method to low conversion methyl methacrylate FRP. Our measured MWDs are exponential as predicted by the classical Flory−Schulz theory (which ignores the chain length dependence of the termination rate constant, kt), but only for chains longer than the mean living chain length N̄o. For N < N̄o, our data are consistent with a stretched exponential as predicted by modern FRP theories accounting for N dependence of kt. However, the small N data may also be accounted for by nonideal effects, initiation of new living chains by photoinhibitors, which lead to power law behavior. Another complication is that thermal initiation persists during the photocopying process in its present form. Thus, post-laser-pulse initiated living chains react with photoinhibitor radicals, distorting the measured MWDs from that of the steady-state living chains. From the measured living and dead MWDs, we infer living and dead chain concentrations and mean lengths and the fraction of living chains terminating via coupling. Finally, using reported values of propagation rate constants, we estimate mean living chain lifetime, polymerization rate, and the average termination rate constant.
Reflexiones sobre las raíces del nacionalismo étnico vasco y su influencia en el proceso político (2007)

The objective of the working paper is to establish a relationship between the Basque nationalist ideology in its two principal manifestations (the nonterrorist approach of the PNV and the terrorist movement of ETA) and the influence that it exerts on the general political activity of Spain's democracy as well as on the daytoday lives of the people in the country. The main reason for the role played by this phenomenon is not the weight of the nationalist ideology itself (which Spain's population sees as antiquated), but rather the pro domo sua use which nonterrorist nationalism makes of the acts of violence and the threats against democracy by the terrorists.Following an analysis of the main characteristics defining the Basque nationalist ideology, the conclusion is that the PNV consists of a bourgeois machinery designed at the end of the 19th century in order to attain and hold power with a scarcely democratic ideological base, which uses the support of the terrorist movement (even though it may not share all of its objectives, which ETA defines ambiguously as independence and socialism) but rather because the terrorist activity facilitates the line of argumentation that the terrible violence inflicted upon the Basque people can only be resolved by means of political concessions which should lead to independence under the guidance of the PNV. This is nothing more than a fallacy, ignoring the fact that Basque society is not a homogeneous society, but rather is terribly divided into two halves, to which a democratic decisionmaking mechanism of a simple majority cannot be applied, as the situation calls for a consociationbased democracy. Even a number of outstanding nonterrorist nationalists believe that it is neither possible nor acceptable to carry out a reform of the Statute that would involve the supplanting of the political subject constituted on the basis of a covenant by another political subject constituted simply by the decision of a relative majority.
Algorithms for alignment of mass spectrometry proteomic data (2005)

The two algorithms were applied to samples drawn from a common pool of reference serum. The results indicate substantial improvement in consistently identifying peptide signals in different samples.
INTERMEDIACY OF CHARGED SPECIES IN PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF DIAROYL PEROXIDES SENSITIZED WITH AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN POLAR SOLVENTS (1985)

Abstract Electron transfer upon photosensitization of dibenzoyl and bis (2-thiophenecarbonyl) peroxides with singlet sensitizers in acetonitrile was revealed by trapping of sensitizer (naphthalene) cation radicals with acetic acid and by their direct detection (pyrene cation radicals) by means of laser flash photolysis.
Neural networks and nonparametric regression (2003)

The problem of estimating an unknown function from a finite number of noisy data points is a problem of fundamental importance for many applications in signal processing, machine vision, pattern recognition, and process control. Recently, several new computational techniques for nonparametric regression have been proposed by statisticians and by researchers in artificial neural networks. The author presents a critical survey and a common taxonomy of statistical and neural network methods for regression. Global parametric methods, piecewise parametric or locally parametric methods, and adaptive computation methods are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a simplified cooling load design tool for underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems. (2010)

This paper summarizes the assumptions and equations behind a new spreadsheet-based cooling load design tool for underfloor air distribution (UFAD) systems developed by the Center for the Built Environment at University of California, Berkeley. After briefly reviewing previous UFAD design tools, we describe in detail how the design tool: a) transforms the zone design cooling load calculated for a standard overhead (OH) mixing system into the design cooling load for a stratified UFAD system, accounting for differences in design day cooling load profiles for OH and UFAD systems; b) splits the total UFAD cooling load into three fractions, supply plenum (SPF), zone, or room, (ZF), and return plenum (RPF); c) manages the thermal comfort in a vertically stratified environment; d) predicts the air temperature profiles and the setpoint temperature at the thermostat; eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. e) models the air diffusers; f) predicts the design airflow rate; and g) models commonly used plenum configurations.
Practical Defenses for Evil Twin Attacks in 802.11 (2010)

Open-access 802.11 wireless networks are commonly deployed in cafes, bookstores, and other public spaces to provide free Internet connectivity. These networks are convenient to deploy, requiring no out-of-band key exchange or prior trust relationships. However, such networks are vulnerable to a variety of threats including the evil twin attack where an adversary clones a client's previously-used access point for a variety of malicious purposes including malware injection or identity theft. We propose defenses that aim to maintain the simplicity, convenience, and usability of open-access networks while offering increased protection from evil twin attacks. First, we present an evil twin detection strategy called context-leashing that constrains access point trust by location. Second, we propose that wireless networks be identified by uncertified public keys and design an SSH-style authentication and session key establishment protocol that fits into the 802.1X standard. Lastly, to mitigate the pitfalls of SSH-style authentication, we present a crowd-sourcing-based reporting protocol that provides historical information for access point public keys while preserving the location privacy of users who contribute reports.
The Effect of Certain Variables on the Electrodeposition of Manganese (1944)

An electrolytic manganese pilot plant having a present daily capacity of 2,400 lb. (1,090 kg.) has been operated by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for the past 2 1/2 years. This paper records the results obtained on the effect of certain variables on the electrodeposition of manganese, namely, time of deposition, cathode current density and cell temperature. It was found that the current density and time of deposition could be varied over a wide range, with only a slight variation in current efficiency. The power requirement, however, does vary considerably. A cell temperature of 35°C was found to be the optimum for operation. A decrease in temperature below 35°C has only a slight effect on current efficiency and greatly increases the voltage. An increase above 35°C results in a nodular and arboreal deposit with rapid lowering of current efficiency. The optimum conditions for the operation of electrolytic manganese cells were found to be 45 to 50 amp./sq. ft. (4.9 to 5.4 amp./dm. 2 ) cathode current density; 35°C cell temperature; and 32‐hour deposition time.
Cloning, nucleotide sequences, and overexpression in Escherichia coli of tandem copies of a tryptophanase gene in an obligately symbiotic thermophile, Symbiobacterium thermophilum (1992)

Symbiobacterium thermophilum, a thermophilic bacterium, is a thermostable tryptophanase producer that can grow only in coculture with a specific Bacillus strain. Two thermostable tryptophanase genes, tna-1 and tna-2, that are located close to each other were cloned into Escherichia coli from S. thermophilum by the DNA-probing method. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences indicate that Tna1 and Tna2 share 92% identical amino acids in a total of 453 amino acids. By means of DNA manipulation with E. coli host-vector systems, Tna1 and Tna2 were produced in very large amounts in enzymatically active forms. Comparison of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences and the enzymatic properties of the tryptophanases purified from the original S. thermophilum strain and these two tryptophanases from recombinant E. coli cells suggest that in S. thermophilum, only Tna2 is produced and tna-1 is silent. Notwithstanding the great similarity in amino acid sequence between Tna1 and Tna2, the two enzymes differ markedly in activation energy for catalysis and thermostability.
Synthèse de méthyl-3 furoquinones (1974)

The authors propose two new solutions to the problem of the synthesis of 3-methylfuranquinones. The methods have the advantage of requiring readily accessible substrates and reagents. A new synthesis of tanshinone I(26) illustrates one of the processes which in principle should also be applicable to the preparation of isotanshinones. Several novel transformations have been observed in the course of this study.
TRACKING AND SURVEILLANCE IN WIDE-AREA SPATIAL ENVIRONMENTS USING THE ABSTRACT HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL (2001)

In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking an object and predicting the object's future trajectory in a wide-area environment, with complex spatial layout and the use of multiple sensors/cameras. To solve this problem, there is a need for representing the dynamic and noisy data in the tracking tasks, and dealing with them at different levels of detail. We employ the Abstract Hidden Markov Models (AHMM), an extension of the well-known Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and a special type of Dynamic Probabilistic Network (DPN), as our underlying representation framework. The AHMM allows us to explicitly encode the hierarchy of connected spatial locations, making it scalable to the size of the environment being modeled. We describe an application for tracking human movement in an office-like spatial layout where the AHMM is used to track and predict the evolution of object trajectories at different levels of detail.
Novel polymers for 193-nm single-layer resist based on cycloolefin polymers (2000)

A series of new cycloaliphatic olefin monomers protected by alicyclic hydrocarbon groups were synthesized. New polymers of cycloaliphatic olefins and cycloolefin-maleic anhydride (COMA) systems were also designed and prepared using the new monomers for 193 nm resist applications. These polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization technique, utilizing azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or di-t-butyl peroxide initiators. The cycloolefin polymers synthesized by free radical polymerization method were not good for ArF lithography because of their poor transparency at 193 nm, although they showed a good dry etch resistance. However, the new COMA polymers had good transparency at 193 nm and had an etch rate in CF<SUB>4</SUB> mixture plasma of approximate 1.0 times that of DUV resists. Using ArF exposure tools (NA equals 0.6, (sigma) equals 0.7), 130 nm line/space patterns were resolved. Using Off-Axis illumination, 100 nm line/space patterns were resolved.
Volatile constituents of star apple (<i>Chrysophyllum cainito</i> L.) from Cuba (2002)

Abstract The volatile constituents of the star apple ( Chrysophyllum cainito L.) growing in Cuba were analysed by GC–MS. One hundred and four compounds were identified in the aroma concentrate, of which ( E )‐2‐hexenal, 1‐hexanol, limonene, linalool, α‐copaene and hexadecanoic acid were found to be the major constituents. The presence of many terpenic compounds is thought to contribute to the unique flavour of the star apple fruit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.