gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified pneumographic monitoring ofinfants at risk fromsudden infant death syndrome (1984)

SUMMARYA system ofpneumographic study ofinfants considered atincreased risk fromthe sudden infant death syndrome isdescribed. Itissimple fornursing staff touseandforclinicians tointerpret. A total of166'atrisk' infants werestudied and85weresubsequently monitored at home.Seventeen ofthese infants, 16ofwhomhadhadabnormal pneumograms, subsequently suffered significant apnoea. Fourof20babies whohadabnormal pneumograms didnothave subsequent episodes ofapnoea. Twobabies died; thefirst wasonamonitor butthesecond, despite having hadanabnormal pneumogram, wasnot. Suddeninfant death syndrome (SIDS) isthemost common causeofdeathamongchildren aged between 1monthand1year. Although, bydefinition, SIDShappens without warning, thereare groups ofbabies whoareepidemiologically recognised tobeatanincreased risk. Theseinclude twins andsubsequent siblings ofSIDSvictims,' 2babies suffering a nearmissSIDS,3 4 and preterm babies.5 6Methods ofstudying these babies varybut thenecropsy findings ofNaeye7-9 haveledmany workers tostudyrespiratory control bycomplex polygraphic methods.3 i>13 Although thesepolygraphic methods areofgreat interest physiologically, theyareexpensive bothinmanpowerandfinancial termsandtheyarealso'invasive', whichhasthe double disadvantage ofmakingthemunpopular withmother andbabyandaltering perhaps thevery physiological phenomena being studied. We considered that itwouldbeuseful todevelop moresimple methods ofstudying breathing patterns thatcouldbeusedintheclinical setting. We also believed thatitwouldbeadvantageous tohavea system forstudying babies overalonger period of timecompared withindepth butshort termpolygraphic studies. Sucha system wouldhavetobe capable of:(1)detecting episodes ofapnoea, periodic breathing, andbradycardia; (2)giving compressed (trend) recordings interpretable byinterested clinicians and'capturing' important episodes during prolonged studies; and(3)being used routinely bynursing sisters. Thesystem wouldalso havetobeacceptable toboththebabyandparents. We describe suchamonitor andresults fromthe first 166babies studied. 35 Methods
Identification of the cleavage site involved in production of plasma soluble Fc gamma receptor type III (CD16) (1998)

CD16 (FcgammaR type III) is a low-affinity IgG Fc receptor (R) that exists in two isoforms, a transmembrane FcgammaRIIIa expressed by NK cells and monocytes, and a phosphatidylinositol-linked FcgammaRIIIb expressed by neutrophils. A soluble form of CD16 (sCD16) circulates in plasma. The cleavage site and the nature of the enzyme(s) involved in production of sCD16 were investigated. Soluble CD16 was purified to apparent homogeneity from human serum by eight steps, including anion exchange and immunoaffinity chromatography. Serum sCD16 was sequenced at both ends, as well as a recombinant form of sCD16 used as control. N-terminal sequencing demonstrated that serum sCD16 originates from neutrophil FcgammaRIIIb and C-terminal sequencing suggested that the cleavage site is between Val 196 and Ser 197, close to the membrane anchor. Addition of a hydroxamate-based inhibitor of Zn2+ metalloproteinases (RU36156) led to a dramatic decrease of sCD16 production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated neutrophils, whereas inhibitors of serine proteinases had no significant effect, showing the metalloproteinase dependence of this cleavage process.
Physics of Copper in Silicon (2002)

This article reviews the progress made in the studies of copper in silicon over the last several years and puts forward a comprehensive model of the behavior of copper in silicon. Technical aspects of this model are discussed in detail. It is shown that many important aspects of the behavior of copper in silicon are not shared with the other 3d transition metals. The positive charge state of interstitial copper makes its defect reactions Fermi-level-dependent, and results in a noticeable difference in the out-diffusion and precipitation behavior of copper in n-Si and p-Si. The extremely high diffusivity of copper in silicon, which is a consequence of the small ionic radius of copper and its relatively weak interaction with the silicon lattice, makes it highly mobile at room temperature and impacts the stability of copper complexes. Large lattice strains and electrostatic effects in p-Si make the formation of copper-silicide precipitates in the bulk energetically unfavorable, unless the chemical driving force for precipitation is high enough to overcome the nucleation and precipitation barrier. Literature data on the effect of copper on minority carrier lifetime and device yield are analyzed using our improved understanding of the physics of copper in silicon. Finally, the impact of the physics of copper in silicon on the development and characterization of copper diffusion barriers is discussed. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
RNA interference-mediated knockdown of a GATA factor reveals a link to anautogeny in the mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2003)

Blood feeding tightly regulates the reproductive cycle in anautogenous mosquitoes. Vitellogenesis (the synthesis of yolk protein precursors) is a key event in the mosquito reproductive cycle and is activated in response to a blood meal. Before blood feeding, Aedes aegypti is in a state of reproductive arrest during which the yolk protein precursor genes (YPPs) are repressed. The regulatory region of the major YPP gene vitellogenin (Vg) has multiple GATA-binding sites required for the high expression level of this gene. However, a GATA factor (AaGATAr) likely acts as a repressor, preventing activation of this gene before a blood meal. Here we report in vivo data confirming the role of AaGATAr as a repressor of the Vg gene at the state of previtellogenic arrest. Using an RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated technique in conjunction with the Sindbis viral expression system, we show that knockdown of the AaGATAr gene results in an increased basal level of expression of the Vg gene and an elevated response to the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone in mosquitoes in a state of arrest. These experiments have revealed a component in the molecular mechanism by which anautogeny is maintained in A. aegypti.
Sampled-Data Receiver Design and Performance for BPSK and MSK Spreading Modulations. (1981)

Abstract : Certain spread-spectrum systems make use of waveforms built of basic pulses spread by PN modulation of some kind. In this study the two most common modulation waveforms, BPSK and MSK are discussed in detail. The objective is to derive receiver structure utilizing sampled-data integration of the chips, for example, using CCD or digital correlators. A constructive design procedure is described, together with an analysis of performance in terms of SNR loss due to sampling. It is shown that sampling loss can be reduced by proper choice of the prefilter which precedes the sampling of the data. (Author)
WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information (2019)

With the high demand for wireless data traffic, WiFi networks have experienced very rapid growth, because they provide high throughput and are easy to deploy. Recently, Channel State Information (CSI) measured by WiFi networks is widely used for different sensing purposes. To get a better understanding of existing WiFi sensing technologies and future WiFi sensing trends, this survey gives a comprehensive review of the signal processing techniques, algorithms, applications, and performance results of WiFi sensing with CSI. Different WiFi sensing algorithms and signal processing techniques have their own advantages and limitations and are suitable for different WiFi sensing applications. The survey groups CSI-based WiFi sensing applications into three categories, detection, recognition, and estimation, depending on whether the outputs are binary/multi-class classifications or numerical values. With the development and deployment of new WiFi technologies, there will be more WiFi sensing opportunities wherein the targets may go beyond from humans to environments, animals, and objects. The survey highlights three challenges for WiFi sensing: robustness and generalization, privacy and security, and coexistence of WiFi sensing and networking. Finally, the survey presents three future WiFi sensing trends, i.e., integrating cross-layer network information, multi-device cooperation, and fusion of different sensors, for enhancing existing WiFi sensing capabilities and enabling new WiFi sensing opportunities.
Multiresolution based fuzzy c-means clustering for brain hemorrhage analysis (2002)

An automatic image segmentation technique is developed for segmenting the hematoma area from brain CT images. The features of an image are firstly extracted based upon the multiresolution method, and then fuzzy c-means clustering technique is applied for optimal classification. It is compared to other thresholding method such as fuzzy c-means, competitive Hopfield neural network, and fuzzy Hopfield neural network. From the results, it is shown that this proposed method is superior to those thresholding techniques. It is very useful and helpful for the physicians in studying the relationship between the size of hematoma and the clinical symptoms.
An information-theoretic approach to band selection (2005)

When we digitize data from a hyperspectral imager, we do so in three dimensions; the radiometric dimension, the spectral dimension, and the spatial dimension(s). The output can be regarded as a random variable taking values from a discrete alphabet, thus allowing simple estimation of the variable's entropy, i.e., its information content. By modeling the target/background state as a binary random variable and the corresponding measured spectra as a function thereof, we can compute the information capacity of a certain sensor or sensor configuration. This can be used as a measure of the separability of the two classes, and also gives a bound on the sensor's performance. Changing the parameters of the digitizing process, bascially how many bits and bands to spend, will affect the information capacity, and we can thus try to find parameters where as few bits/bands as possible gives us as good class separability as possible. The parameters to be optimized in this way (and with respect to the chosen target and background) are spatial, radiometric and spectral resolution, i.e., which spectral bands to use and how to quantize them. In this paper, we focus on the band selection problem, describe an initial approach, and show early results of target/background separation.
Novel Formation-Evaluation Concepts for Shale Reservoirs and Black Shale Formations: ABSTRACT (1979)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
<i>In situ</i>measurements of electrode work functions in free-burning arcs during operation at atmospheric pressure (2004)

A method of in situ measurement of electrode work functions in free‑burning argon arcs during operation is presented. This technique is based on the photoelectric effect ocurring at the surface of a tungsten cathode with the use of a pulse laser system consisting of a NdーYAG laser and a dye laser. Three types of tungsten electrode namely pure W Wー2% ThO2 and Wー2% La 2O3 are used in this work. Free‑burning arcs are operated in argon at atmospheric pressure at cur‑ rents of 100 A and 200 A.The effective work functions of pure W Wー2% ThO2 and Wー2% La2O3 electrodes during ope‑ ration at a current of 200 A are found to be respectively 4.6 2.8 and 3.0 eV from in situ measurements. These results are very close to the work functions of pure W ThO2 and La2O3 obtained from the literature. The in situ measurements how‑ ever show that the effective work functions of pure W Wー2% ThO2 and Wー2% La 2O3 electrodes for an 100 A arc are respectively 2.9 eV 2.6 eV and 2.0 eV. It is shown that each effective work function for an 100 A arc clearly becomes low‑ er than that for a 200 A arc for all types of tungsten electrodes. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version
EFMplus: the coding format of the multimedia compact disc (1995)

Reports on an alternative to eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM), called EFMPlus, which has been adopted as coding format of the multimedia compact disc proposal. The rate of the new code is 8/16, which means that a 6-7 % higher information density can be obtained. EFMPlus is the spitting image of EFM (same minimum and maximum runlength, clock content etc). Computer simulations have shown that the low-frequency content of the new code is only slightly larger than its conventional EFM counterpart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flight investigation of the effect of sideslip on the pressure at the static orifices of the Boeing B-29 airplane (1951)

Report discussing testing to determine the sensitivity to sideslip of the static-pressure orifices of the Boeing B-29. The purpose was to determine the errors in indicated altitude and vertical velocity that occur when an airplane experiences oscillations in sideslip on a bombing run. The sensitivity of the orifices to sideslip was determined by measurements of pressure and sideslip angle during constant-amplitude oscillations in sideslip.
Clinical studies on alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. (2006)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common diagnoses in gastroenterology, but current therapies are inefficient. Recent clinical trials suggest beneficial effects of certain probiotics in IBS. Because of the heterogeneity of IBS a probiotic combination may be more efficient than a single strain. We screened for optimal strains, and developed a multispecies probiotic combination consisting of L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus Lc705, P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and Bifidobacterium breve Bb99. The clinical efficacy of the probiotic combination was evaluated in IBS patients in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled six-month intervention. During six months the subjects received daily either probiotic supplementation or placebo. IBS symptoms were followed by symptom diaries. The probiotic supplementation demonstrated significant value in reducing IBS symptoms. At the end of the study period the total symptom score (abdominal pain + distension + flatulence + rumbling) had reduced with 42% in probiotic group versus 6% for instance anti-inflammatory effects, balancing of the microbiota or motility-related effects induced by the probiotic. The probiotic activity may be enhanced by synergistic effects of the combination that each strain alone would not hold. In conclusion, we found a probiotic combination of LGG and three other strains to be effective in alleviating IBS symptoms.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Tumor Suppressor P16<sup>INK4A</sup>and Their Relevance to Cancer (2011)

P16(INK4A) (also known as P16 and MTS1), a protein consisting exclusively of four ankyrin repeats, is recognized as a tumor suppressor mainly because of the prevalence of genetic inactivation of the p16(INK4A) (or CDKN2A) gene in virtually all types of human cancers. However, it has also been shown that an elevated level of expression (upregulation) of P16 is involved in cellular senescence, aging, and cancer progression, indicating that the regulation of P16 is critical for its function. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of P16 function at the DNA level, the transcription level, and the posttranscriptional level, as well as their implications for the structure-function relationship of P16 and for human cancers.
High‐Pressure Biotechnology in Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science (2001)

High-pressure (HP) biotechnology is an emerging technique initially applied for food processing and more recently in pharmaceutical and medical sciences. Pressure can stabilize enzymes and modulate both their activity and specificity. HP engineering of proteins may be used for enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and production of modified proteins of medical or pharmaceutical interest. HP inactivation of biological agents is expected to be applicable to sterilization of fragile biopharmaceuticals, or medical compounds. The enhanced immunogenicity of some pressure-killed bacteria and viruses could be applied for making new vaccines. Finally, storage at subzero temperatures without freezing is another potential application of HP for cells, animal tissues, blood cells, organs for transplant, and so forth.
Unsteady Aerodynamics and Gust Response in Compressors and Turbines (1993)

A comprehensive series of experiments and analyses was performed on compressor and turbine blading to evaluate the ability of current, practical, engineering/analysis models to predict unsteady aerodynamic loading of modern gas turbine blading. This is part of an ongoing effort to improve methods for preventing blading failure. The experiments were conducted in low-speed research facilities capable of simulating the relevant aerodynamic features of turbomachinery. Unsteady loading on compressor and turbine blading was generated by upstream wakes and, additionally for compressors, by a rotating inlet distortion. Fast-response hot-wire anemometry and pressure transducers embedded in the airfoil surfaces were used to determine the aerodynamic gusts and resulting unsteady pressure responses acting on the airfoils. This is the first time that gust response measurements for turbines have been reported in the literature. Several different analyses were used to predict the unsteady component of the blade loading: (1) a classical flat-plate analysis, (2) a two-dimensional linearized flow analysis with a ‘frozen gust’ model, (3) a two-dimensional linearized flow analysis with a “distorted gust” model, (4) a two-dimensional linearized Euler analysis, and (5) a two-dimensional nonlinear Euler analysis. Also for the first time, a detailed comparison of these analyses methods is made and the importance of properly accounting for both vortical and potential disturbances is demonstrated. The predictions are compared with experiment and their abilities assessed to help guide designers in using these prediction schemes.
Molecular Mechanisms by Which rRNA Mutations Confer Resistance to Clindamycin (2005)

The mechanisms by which rRNA mutations confer clindamycin resistance were examined in Mycobacterium smegmatis strains containing homogeneous populations of ribosomes with base substitutions at nucleotides A2058 and A2059. Computer graphic predictions based on structural studies correlate with the resistance phenotypes for six of seven strains with unique rRNA mutations.
Thermal characterization of a liquid cooled AlSiC base plate with integral pin fins (2001)

In this study, we present the thermal analysis and experimental performance assessment of an aluminum silicon carbide (AlSiC) metal matrix composite (MMC) base plate with integral cooling fins. By attaching a pin-finned base plate to an open-chambered flow-through heat sink, the mechanical interface between the base plate and cooling medium is eliminated. This reduces the overall thermal resistance and improves module reliability as compared with traditional base plate cooling schemes. Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer techniques were employed to model the thermal and hydrodynamic resistance characteristics through the pin fin structure of a prototype base plate design. A unit-cell approach was employed to avoid the computational expense of modeling the entire pin array. Performance was verified experimentally in a closed loop test facility using water as the cooling fluid. It was found that the unit-cell approach produced good agreement with experimental pressure drop and heat transfer results.
A case study on challenges for robust wide-area phasor POD (2009)

This paper illustrates the challenges towards achieving a robust phasor POD (power oscillation damping), a concept introduced and developed by ABB. A Phasor POD extracts the oscillatory part of the measured signal in the form of a phasor and applies a suitable phase shift to derive the damping control action. For a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC), a phase shift of 90 degrees with respect to local power flow is recommended. However, the present case study on a simple test system with a TCSC reveals that a 90 degree phase shift on the local power does not necessarily yield the desired results. In fact, the phase shift required for satisfactory performance differs from one operating condition to another. Use of a wide-area signal (wide-area phasor POD) is shown to improve the damping functionality compared to local power flow provided an appropriate phase shift - which might not be intuitive - is given. Moreover, extraction of individual phasors out of a multi-modal signal is a challenge for practical systems exhibiting complex multi-modal behavior.
Situación actual de la aplicación del frío en las pesquerías canarias (2002)

Tras la revision de las diferentes normas de ambito comunitario, nacional y autonomico que regulan los diferentes aspectos de la conservacion de la pesca como alimento y su comercializacion para el consumo. se establecen los fundamentos tecnologicos de la obtencion del frio y su aplicacion en los eslabones que constituyen la cadena de frio que como garantia, preserva la conservacion de la pesca en general y de las pesquerias canarias en particular. Asimismo se expone una exahustiva revision de los diferentes factores, que inducen y determinan la calidad de la pesca para el consumo, procedente de la cadena de frio. Se describen en general la situacion actual de las pesquerias canarias, sus flotas recursos e infraestraucturas; concretandose las deficiencias de la cadena de frio de las flotas mas
Dual laser beam focussing for flow cytometry through a single crossed cylindrical lens pair (1981)

Two laser beans (argon 488 nm blue, and krypton UV lines) have been focussed either to the same point or to two different points in a vertical plane in a multiparameter flow cytometer. The technique exploits the focal length shortening of the longer wavelength beam that occurs with spherical and astigmatic lens aberrations. Ethidium bromide-stained DNA is excited by both the argon 488 nm and krypton UV lines and the excitation intensities of both beams were set to give the same red fluorescence pulse height from ethidium bromide-stained nuclei. DNA histograms were obtained for sequential focussing of the two beams and these were virtually identical irrespective of which beam was the first excitor and irrespective of which beam the histogram was recorded from. Coincident focussing of the two exciting beams resulted in a histogram of double the emission intensity.
Effect of sucralfate on experimental colitis in the rat (1989)

The therapeutic effect of sucralfate on ulcerated gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. There is, however, almost no information about its activity in colitis. Experimental colitis was produced in rats by rectal instillation of 1 ml of 10 percent acetic acid, and 1.5 ml of a 20 percent suspension of sucralfate was then administered every 12 hours for various lengths of time. Study animals and appropriate controls were killed after 3, 7, 10, or 14 days. The distal colons were studied macroscopically and histologically. Colonic prostaglandin E2 levels were measured in animals killed after 3, 7, 10, or 14 days. The macroscopic score was significantly improved 10 and 14 days after induction of colitis, although the histologic appearance was unchanged. Acetic acid administration increased and sucralfate treatment reduced prostaglandin E2 levels in colitic animals on days 3 and 7, but not later. The present study supports a role for sucralfate in the treatment of colitis, but further studies on the mechanism of its effect and on its clinical activity are indicated.