gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Computing Systems with Various Checkpointing Schemes (2009)

Finding the failure rate of a system is a crucial step in high performance computing systems analysis. To deal with this problem, a fault tolerant mechanism, called checkpoint/ restart technique, was introduced. However, there are additional costs to perform this mechanism. Thus, we propose two models for different schemes (full and incremental checkpoint schemes). The models which are based on the reliability of the system are used to determine the checkpoint placements. Both proposed models consider a balance of between checkpoint overhead and the re-computing time. Due to the extra costs from each incremental checkpoint during the recovery period, a method to find the number of incremental checkpoints between two consecutive full checkpoints is given. Our simulation suggests that in most cases our incremental checkpoint model can reduce the waste time more than it is reduced by the full checkpoint model. The waste times produced by both models are in the range of 2% to 28% of the application completion time depending on the checkpoint overheads.
Improved Pulmonary Function by Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition in a Newborn Piglet Lavage Model (2008)

We conclude that stabilization of exogenous surfactant by adding imipramine to create a "fortified surfactant preparation" improves lung function in a clinically relevant piglet model, and that this effect can be attributed to the inhibition of a-SMase as evidenced in the mouse model.
Transparent Conductive ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Plasma Enhanced CVD. (1999)

酸化亜鉛薄膜は透明電極, 紫外発光レーザー材料として注目されている材料である.プラズマCVD法により, DEZと酸素とからノンドープ酸化亜鉛薄膜を作成した.その結果, 基板温度が300℃以上でc-軸配向した.薄膜は時間とともに三角錐状晶から積層した六角板状晶へと成長した.最小抵抗率は4.55×10-3Ω・cmであった.
Beneficial Effects of the Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, in Ischemic Rat Hearts (1986)

Components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been found in heart tissue and it is likely that angiotensin II (ANG II) is generated locally in the heart as in other organs. Pharmacological interference with converting enzyme (CE) inhibitors reduced CE activity and ANG II generation in the heart. To investigate whether local inhibition of CE in the heart with the CE inhibitor ramipril might contribute to the therapeutic effects, experiments were performed in isolated perfused working rat hearts. Acute regional myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by reperfusion. In ischemic isolated rat hearts, both single oral pretreatment with ramipril (1 mg/kg) or perfusion with the active moiety, ramiprilat (10 micrograms/ml), protected against ventricular fibrillation, which invariably occurred in control hearts during reperfusion. Reperfusion arrhythmias were aggravated by perfusion with ANG I and ANG II, but prevented by bradykinin. ANG I-enhanced ventricular fibrillations were completely eliminated during local CE inhibition with ramipril. The CE inhibitor also improved cardiodynamics. Coronary flow, left ventricular pressure, dp/dtmax, and myocardial oxygen consumption were increased in comparison to controls without changes in heart rate. In the perfusate of treated hearts, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase activities and lactate production, were reduced. Myocardial tissue levels of glycogen, ATP, and creatine phosphate were increased in ramipril-pretreated hearts whereas lactate was decreased. The results of these experiments in rat hearts suggest that local inhibition of CE by ramipril exerts protective effects after ischemia and reperfusion by reducing arrhythmias and improving cardiac function and metabolism, thus probably contributing to the therapeutic effects of CE inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases.
A New Lysozyme Assay Based on Fluorescence Polarization or Fluorescence Intensity Utilizing a Fluorescent Peptidoglycan Substrate 1 (1980)

A new sensitive, rapid and simple method for lysozyme assay is described which is based on either fluorescence polarization or fluorescence intensity using fluorescein-labeled peptidoglycan as a substrate. The peptidoglycan was obtained from Micrococcus lysodeikticus after extensive digestion with Pronase and washing with Triton X-100 followed by various solvents. Subsequently, it was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) at the amino group of the peptide. When the FITC-labeled substrate was subjected to lysozyme digestion, an increase of fluorescence intensity or a decrease of fluorescence polarization value (P value) was apparent in five minutes at a lysozyme concentrations as low as 0.1 or 0.01 micrograms/ml, respectively. The effect of other hydrolytic enzymes including alpha-mannosidase, proteases and RNase on the P value was found to be negligible. The measured values represented the specificity and dose of lysozyme added. Apparent Vmax and Km values for two different lysozymes, chicken egg white and human, could be determined by this method.
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles: preparation, properties, functionalization and biological applications (2013)

In the past few years, conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have been successfully prepared and applied in the biological field because of their unique opto-electronic properties. The rapid development of CPNs is mainly attributed to their simple synthesis procedures and easy separation steps. The advantages of CPNs include high brightness, excellent photostability, low cytotoxicity, high quantum yield and versatile surface modification. The functionalization of CPNs with specific recognition elements imparts them good ability for targeted recognition and imaging in vitro and in vivo. CPNs can be applied to deliver drug and gene, and simultaneously to real-time monitor the release process due to their self-luminous characteristics. Moreover, CPNs can sensitize oxygen molecules to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can kill adjacent bacteria and tumor cells. In this tutorial review, we provide a recent development of the preparation methods, properties, and functionalization strategies of CPNs, especially discussing their biological applications in targeted imaging, drug/gene delivery and biomedicine. The challenges and outlooks in this field will also be discussed.
A Study of Discovering Customer Value for CRM: Integrating Customer Lifetime Value Analysis and Data Mining Techniques (2009)

Customer relationship management (CRM) has become an important strategy for businesses. Under the current competitive commercial environment, the discovering, maintenance, and strengthening of customer value is a key for businesses to earn sustainable profits. Past studies have found that customer lifetime value (CLV) can be used to calculate each customer's contribution to the company, and data mining can be employed as an analytical tool to discover customers' potential behavioral patterns and characteristics. Though both are complementary, rarely are there studies applying the two methods at the same time. This research develops a conceptual framework which combines CLV analysis and data mining techniques to enhance CRM. Firstly, we use CLV analysis to calculate customers' current value (CCV) and customers' potential value (CPV). Next, the clustering analysis is used to group customers based on each customer's CCV and CPV. Finally, a data mining method is employed to discover the characteristics and the potential purchasing behavioral patterns of each group. By establishing a customer value pyramid based on our finding and providing the marketing implications for each group, this research served as a reference for managers engaging in CRM strategy.
Building reliable, high-performance communication systems from components (1999)

Although building systems from components has attractions, this approach also has problems. Can we be sure that a certain configuration of components is correct? Can it perform as well as a monolithic system? Our paper answers these questions for the Ensemble communication architecture by showing how, with help of the Nuprl formal system, configurations may be checked against specifications, and how optimized code can be synthesized from these configurations. The performance results show that we can substantially reduce end-to-end latency in the already optimized Ensemble system. Finally, we discuss whether the techniques we used are general enough for systems other than communication systems.
<title>Ultrafast Streak Camera</title> (1979)

A. high precision, high reliable and compact streak camera allowing easy operation, based upon a newly developed streak tube with the inclusion of a microchannel plate as an electron image intensifier and a deflecting circuit using avalanche transistors, has been developed. This streak. camera has demonstrated, good qualities of dy namic spatial resolution of about 7 1p/mm at the output phosphor screen, and temporal resolution of better than 10 ps (FWHM) in a linear dynamic range of better than 100:1 at relatively small time jitter of about 50 ps under the combined. system with a automatic streak data acquisition system.
An analytic-to-holistic approach for face recognition based on a single frontal view (1998)

We propose an analytic-to-holistic approach which can identify faces at different perspective variations. The database for the test consists of 40 frontal-view faces. The first step is to locate 15 feature points on a face. A head model is proposed, and the rotation of the face can be estimated using geometrical measurements. The positions of the feature points are adjusted so that their corresponding positions for the frontal view are approximated. These feature points are then compared with the feature points of the faces in a database using a similarity transform. In the second step, we set up windows for the eyes, nose, and mouth. These feature windows are compared with those in the database by correlation. Results show that this approach can achieve a similar level of performance from different viewing directions of a face. Under different perspective variations, the overall recognition rates are over 84 percent and 96 percent for the first and the first three likely matched faces, respectively.
Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in monocytoid cells by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani (1995)

In this study, we demonstrated that the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani and one of its major surface molecules, the lipophosphoglycan (LPG), can induce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression in U1 and OM-10.1, two cell lines of monocytoid origin latently infected with HIV-1. Treatment of U1 cells with various concentrations of LPG (1, 5, and 10 microM) resulted in a dose-dependent secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Suppression of LPG-induced HIV-1 expression by polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies further confirmed the involvement of this cytokine. Results from these studies indicate that the protozoan parasite L. donovani can induce the secretion of TNF-alpha that will function in an autocrine or paracrine manner to upregulate HIV-1 expression. Our data suggest for the first time that this protozoan parasite can be viewed as a potential cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
Review of Technology to Prevent Alcohol-Impaired Crashes (TOPIC) (2007)

This report summarizes the results of an evaluation of vehicular technology alternatives to detect driver blood alcohol concentration and alcohol- \nimpaired driving. Taking an international perspective, this report references relevant literature, incorporates input from stakeholders, and includes a \nconcept of operations to describe how to implement technology-based countermeasures that addresses concerns such as privacy, public acceptance, \nand legal issues.\n
ATR-SEIRAS Investigation of the Fermi Level of Pt Cocatalyst on a GaN Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution under Irradiation (2009)

The interaction of photogenerated carries in GaN photocatalyst with Pt cocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under irradiation was investigated from in situ ATR-SEIRAS measurement by following the CO vibrational frequency. After irradiation, the CO frequency shifted higher, indicating that the Fermi level of Pt particles was positively shifted by the photogenerated holes. Thereafter, a lower frequency peak appeared, indicating that the Fermi level of some Pt particles was negatively shifted to the hydrogen evolution potential by photogenerated electrons, which is the essential function of cocatalysis for hydrogen evolution.
Temperature dependence of Ni-germanide formed by Ni-Ge solid-state reaction (2005)

The solid-state reaction of nickel and substrate germanium was performed by isochronously annealing at a temperature ranging from 250-600/spl deg/C in vacuum. The reaction has been begun at 250/spl deg/C, and substantial polycrystalline NiGe film has been formed at 350/spl deg/C. The formed NiGe film has an orthorhombic structure with dimensions comparable to that of bulk NiGe. With increasing the annealing temperature from 400 to 600/spl deg/C, the film surface roughness increases due to the increase of the grain size. All nickel germanide/n-Ge Schottky contacts has similar Schottky barrier height around 0.47-0.48 eV due to the Fermi level pinning effect.
Coalitions for distributed sensor fusion (2003)

We address the problem of efficient use of communication bandwidth in a network of distributed sensors. Each sensor node has enough computational power to fuse its own estimates with those of other nodes using an optimal filter, but message passing is expensive. The goal is to give each node an identical tactical picture of the area of interest without compromising target track accuracy. In the current leading approach, each sensing node sends an Associated Measurement Report (AMR: a sensor reading matched to a track ID) to every other node. This paper considers a method of decimation of reporting nodes by choosing a subset (coalition) of those nodes that have the best information on the target. Only coalition nodes share AMRs with each other; then the coalition sends a report to non-coalition nodes. Simulations and analytical studies are used to support the promise of the coalition approach.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zwitterionic Polymers with a Flexible Lateral Chain (2010)

In this work we report the synthesis and physical properties (thermal stability, diffraction patterns, and conductivity measurements) of a methacrylate-type polymer with zwitterionic pendant groups. The parent polymer, poly(sulfobutylbetaine of 12-ethyl-3,6,9-trioxa-12-azatetradec-1-yl 2-methylacrylate) (herein labeled PMBS-4) is used to prepare polymer/lithium salt complexes (PMBS-4/LiCl, PMBS-4/Li−triflate, and PMBS-4/LiClO4). The resulting electrolyte polymers show mechanical properties akin to elastic solids. The glass transition temperature is close to 20 °C for all specimens, and PMBS-4/LiCl is thermally stable up to 187 °C. The conductivity of these materials varies with temperature, following an Arrhenius-like relationship. The conductivity of the solid polymer electrolytes, SPE, follows the order PMBS-4/LiClO4 > PMBS-4/LiCl > PMBS-4/Li−triflate. The ionic conductivity of these materials is clearly affected by the anion of Li salt.
Evolution and usage of the STADIUM statistical simulation system (2003)

This paper describes a long-term research program at Florida Institute of Technology (Florida Tech) that has been funded by both industry and government. It addresses the pervasive problem of design for manufacturability. The research has produced a software technology called STADIUM that is now being commercialized by a start-up company, AET, Inc. In the paper we describe the synergistic and technology transfer activities that have taken place between the university, government and industrial partners for the development of this STADIUM methodology and software. An overview of the methodology is also presented. Technology transfer is being accomplished through AET, Inc., which is now poised to offer design tools that will have a significant impact on the quality and yield of new products.
Phenotype character of the methylglyoxal resistance gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression in Escherichia coli and application to breeding wild-type yeast strains (1985)

The gene responsible for the methylglyoxal resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned, and its phenotypic characteristics were investigated. S. cerevisiae cells with the gene could accumulate large amounts of glutathione in the medium and should remarkably high resistance to various toxic compounds such as methylglyoxal, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, iodoacetamide, and heavy-metal ions. The gene was also expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the resistance of E. coli cells to toxic compounds also increased as observed for S. cerevisiae cells. The phenotypic characteristics of the gene were applicable to the selection of the transformants of wild-type yeast strains having no genetic markers.
Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Alloy 600 in High-Salinity Brine (1988)

The corrosion fatigue behavior of alloy 600 was studied as a function of applied potential and heat treatment in high-salinity brine (4 M NaCl) in the absence and presence of low concentrations (10−4 M) of sodium tetrathionate and sodium thiosulfate. It was found that the corrosion fatigue resistance of the solution-annealed material in pure chloride solution decreased by increasing the applied potential from −900 mVSCE (cathodic range) to −400 mVSCE (passive range) and to −100 mVSCE (above the pitting potential). The corrosion fatigue resistance was improved by heat treatment of the solution-annealed (SA) material at 800 C for 10 and 50 h. This improvement is attributed to the intergranular precipitation of chromium carbides. The addition of tetrathionate to the chloride solution did not change the fatigue life of the SA material with respect to that in pure chloride solution, while the addition of thiosulfate improved the corrosion fatigue resistance.
Design and implementation of a wavelet‐based addressing technique (WAT) (2007)

Abstract— The design and implementation of a wavelet‐based addressing technique capable of displaying gray shades is presented. The hardware complexity of the display drivers has been reduced by adding a few analog multiplexers that are common to the drivers. The controller was implemented by using a low‐cost complex programmable logic device (CPLD) and it was demonstrated by displaying 16 gray shades in a liquid‐crystal display.
Measles surveillance--United States, 1991. (1992)

A total of 9,643 measles cases was reported from the United States in 1991, a 65.3% decrease from the 27,786 cases reported in 1990. The overall incidence of measles was 3.9 cases per 100,000 population. The highest age-specific incidence was among children < 12 months of age (46.9/100,000) and 1-4 years of age (19.6/100,000). Incidence rates among American Indians, Hispanic, and black children < 5 years of age were 19, 6, and 4 times that for non-Hispanic white children, respectively. More than 61% of all cases were reported from seven large outbreaks, which involved predominantly unvaccinated preschool-age children in large urban areas. Although reported measles cases decreased in 1991 compared with 1989-1990, only a sustained effort to provide age-appropriate vaccination will prevent another resurgence of measles.
Evolutionary profiles improve protein–protein interaction prediction from sequence (2015)

Implementation and most reliably predicted human PPIs available at https://rostlab.org/owiki/index.php/Profppikernel.
Noise sources and calculation techniques for switched capacitor filters (1982)

The noise response of switched capacitor networks (SCNs) is reviewed with emphasis on simplifying approximations suitable for SPICE noise simulation. The techniques developed cover all op-amp noise sources, as well as capacitor switching noise. The close agreement between predicted and measured noise responses for several monolithic SCNs bears out the validity of these simulation techniques.
Stabilization of Water Droplets in Oil with PGPR for Use in Oral and Dermal Applications (2012)

ABSTRACT To stabilize microstructured fluids, like emulsions, strong surfactants are needed. For oral or dermal applications, these surfactants need to comply with strict legal requirements. Polyglycerin‐polyricinoleat (PGPR) is described as one of the most potent oil‐soluble surfactant in stabilizing water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. Ways were determined to process W/O emulsions with PGPR meeting legal restrictions. The impact of process and recipe parameters on the formation of W/O emulsions was investigated. It was found that it is possible to stabilize W/O emulsions with very small amounts of PGPR (0.3% in the finished product). Emulsions stabilized with PGPR alone allowed for droplet sizes below 10 µm, but with mostly multimodal droplet size distributions. PGPR showed a strongly increased performance when combined with NaCl in the aqueous phase. This combination allowed for a stabilization of defined, mono‐modal droplet sizes well below 1 µm. Thus, PGPR is under certain conditions an interesting surfactant for stabilization of W/O emulsions, meeting the legal restrictions for the use in oral and dermal applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Microstructured fluids, like emulsions, play an important role within food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. They allow for e.g., encapsulation of active agents. To stabilize emulsions for oral and dermal applications, the stabilizing surfactants need to meet legal restrictions. For W/O‐type emulsion, the available surfactants (e.g., PGPR) need to be concentrated too high to work or are very sensitive to environmental impacts (e.g., phospholipids). Thus, results of the study have a potential application in the formulation of W/O emulsions for foods, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals to meet legal requirements.
Ambulatory Stress Monitoring with Minimally-Invasive Wearable Sensors (2011)

Abstract——Chronic stress can have serious health consequences, and is a leading risk factor for heart diseases, diabetes, asthma and depression. This article presents a minimally-invasive and wireless wearable sensor platform that can be used to monitor a number of physiological variables known to correlate with stress. We discuss the system design and sensor selection, both of which were guided as a tradeoff between information content and wearability. The platform is thoroughly evaluated through a battery of tests that elicit mental workload and physical activity, as well as through subjective assessments of comfort. Our results indicate that the sensor system is responsive to three broad types of factors: mental workload, posture and physical activity. We also describe a system-identification method that improves detection of mental stress by removing respiratory influences on heart rate. Index Terms — Wearable sensors, electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, mental stress
Novel promoter/transactivator configurations for macrolide‐ and streptogramin‐responsive transgene expression in mammalian cells (2002)

Due to their modular set-up the novel E.REX and PIP regulation systems presented here are most versatile and ready for future upgrades using different cell-specific key regulation components.