gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chloride co‐transporters as possible therapeutic targets for stroke (2016)

Stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. The major type of stroke is an ischaemic one, which is caused by a blockage that interrupts blood flow to the brain. There are currently very few pharmacological strategies to reduce the damage and social burden triggered by this pathology. The harm caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain unfolds in the subsequent hours and days, so it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets that could reduce neuronal death associated with the spread of the damage. Here, we review some of the key molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of neuronal death, focusing on some new and promising studies. In particular, we focus on the potential of the chloride co-transporter (CCC) family of proteins, mediators of the GABAergic response, both during the early and later stages of stroke, to promote neuroprotection and recovery. Different studies of CCCs during the chronic and recovery phases post-stroke reveal the importance of timing when considering CCCs as potential neuroprotective and/or neuromodulator targets. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of the two main neuronal CCCs, NKCC1 and KCC2, are further discussed as an indirect approach for promoting neuroprotection and neurorehabilitation following an ischaemic insult. Finally, we mention the likely importance of combining different strategies in order to achieve more effective therapies.
The <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> ECF sigma factor σ<sup>E</sup>: role in global gene expression and survival in macrophages<sup><b>†</b></sup> (2001)

In previously published work, we identified three Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigma (σ) factor genes responding to heat shock ( sigB , sigE and sigH ). Two of them ( sigB and sigE ) also responded to SDS exposure. As these responses to stress suggested that the σ factors encoded by these genes could be involved in pathogenicity, we are studying their role in physiology and virulence. In this work, we characterize a sigE mutant of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The sigE mutant strain was more sensitive than the wild‐type strain to heat shock, SDS and various oxidative stresses. It was also defective in the ability to grow inside both human and murine unactivated macrophages and was more sensitive than the wild‐type strain to the killing activity of activated murine macrophages. Using microarray technology and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), we started to define the σ E regulon of M. tuberculosis and its involvement in the global regulation of the stress induced by SDS. We showed the requirement for a functional sigE gene for full expression of sigB and for its induction after SDS exposure but not after heat shock. We also identified several genes that are no longer induced when σ E is absent. These genes encode proteins belonging to different classes including transcriptional regulators, enzymes involved in fatty acid degradation and classical heat shock proteins.
Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene using the oil‐soluble initiator AMBN (1999)

The Mettler RC1 calorimeter was used to measure the rate of polymerization of conventional emulsion, homogenized emulsion, and miniemulsion polymerizations of styrene initiated with 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile). It was noted that the rate of polymerization significantly increased as the surface area of the monomer droplets increased. This was taken as strong evidence that in the miniemulsion and homogenized emulsion polymerizations, the fraction of the initiator soluble in the oil phase was responsible for single radical generation. The partitioning of AMBN at 70 °C was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography to be 134 parts in the oil : 1 part in the water. Predissolving polystyrene in the miniemulsion prior to homogenization resulted in an enhancement in the rate of polymerization, although to a lesser extent than what has been previously noted for parallel miniemulsion polymerizations initiated with potassium persulfate. It was also noted that the method of addition of the oil-soluble initiator (either predissolved in the monomer prior to homogenization or dissolved in a small separate phase of monomer and added directly to the reactor) has a measurable effect on the kinetics in the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4449–4457, 1999
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cross-Coupled Filter With Negative Coupling Structure (2008)

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology provides an attractive solution to the integration of planar and nonplanar circuits by using a planar circuit fabrication process. However, it is usually difficult to implement the negative coupling structure required for the design of compact canonical folded elliptic or quasi-elliptic cross-coupled bandpass filter on the basis of a single-layer SIW. In this paper, a special planar negative coupling scheme including a magnetic coupling post-wall iris and a balanced microstrip line with a pair of metallic via-holes is studied in detail. Two -band fourth-degree cross-coupled bandpass filters without and with source-load coupling using the negative coupling structures are then proposed and designed. The two novel SIW filters having the same center frequency of 20.5 GHz and respective passband width of 700 and 800 MHz are implemented on a single-layer Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with thickness of 0.508 mm. Measured results of those filters, which exhibit a high selectivity, and a minimum in-band insertion loss of approximately 0.9 and 1.0 dB, respectively, agree well with simulated results.
Endothelin receptors mediating contraction of rat and human pulmonary resistance arteries: effect of chronic hypoxia in the rat (1998)

1. We examined the endothelin (ET) receptors mediating contractions to ET-1, ET-3 and sarafotoxin S6c (SX6c) in rat pulmonary resistance arteries by use of peptide and non-peptide ET receptor antagonists. Changes induced by pulmonary hypertension were examined in the chronically hypoxic rat. The effect of the mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist SB 209670 on endothelin-mediated contraction was also examined in human pulmonary resistance arteries. 2. In rat vessels, the order of potency for the endothelin agonists was SX6c = ET-3 > ET-1 (pEC50 values in control rats: 9.12+/-0.10, 8.76+/-0.14 and 8.12+/-0.04, respectively). Maximum contractions induced by ET-3 and ET-1 were increased in vessels from chronically hypoxic rats. 3. The ET(A) receptor antagonist FR 139317 (1 microM) had no effect on the potency of ET-1 in any vessel studied but abolished the increased response to ET-1 in the chronically hypoxic vessels. The ET(A) receptor antagonist BMS 182874 (1 microM) increased the potency of ET-1 in control rat vessels without effecting potency in the pulmonary hypertensive rat vessels. 4. Bosentan (non-peptide mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist) increased the potency of ET-1 in control rat vessels but was without effect in the pulmonary hypertensive rat vessels. Bosentan (1 microM) inhibited responses to SX6c in control and chronically hypoxic rat vessels with pKb values of 5.84 and 6.11, respectively. The ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ-788 (1 microM) did not inhibit responses to ET-1 in any vessel tested but did inhibit responses to both SX6c and ET-3 (pKb values in control and chronically hypoxic rat vessels respectively: SX6c 7.15 and 7.22; ET-3: 6.68 and 6.89). BQ-788 (1 microM) added with BMS 182874 (10 microM) did not inhibit responses to ET-1 in control vessels but caused a significant inhibition of responses to ET-1 in chronically hypoxic preparations. 5. SB 209670 inhibited responses to ET-1 in both control and chronically hypoxic vessels with pKb values of 7.36 and 7.39, respectively. SB 209670 (0.1 and 1 microM) virtually abolished responses to ET-1 in the human pulmonary resistance artery. 6. In conclusion, in rat pulmonary resistance arteries, vasoconstrictions induced by ET-1, SX6c and ET-3 are mediated predominantly by activation of an ET(B)-like receptor. However, lack of effect of some antagonists on ET-1 induced vasoconstriction suggests that ET-1 stimulates an atypical ET(B) receptor. The increase in potency of ET-1 in the presence of some antagonists suggests the presence of an inhibitory ET(A)-like receptor. The influence of this is reduced, or absent, in the chronically hypoxic rats. Increased responses to ET-1 are observed in the chronically hypoxic rat and may be mediated by increased activation of ET(A) receptors. SB 209670 is unique in its potency against responses to ET-1 in both control and chronically hypoxic rats, as well as human, isolated pulmonary resistance arteries.
Human SPA-1 Gene Product Selectively Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues Is a Specific GTPase-activating Protein for Rap1 and Rap2 (1997)

Mouse Spa-1 gene with a region homologous to the human rap1GAP gene is transcriptionally induced in the lymphocytes by mitogenic stimulation. Herein we have cloned a cDNA for its human counterpart. SPA-1 cDNA encodes a 130-kDa protein (p130(SPA-1)) consisting of proline-rich regions and rap1GAP-related domain followed by a coiled-coil stretch. Baculovirally expressed p130(SPA-1) exhibited GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for Rap1 and Rap2, but not for Ras, Rho, Cdc42, Rac, and Ran, with comparable specific activity to the rap1GAP gene product (p85/95(rap1GAP)). In the cells, p130(SPA-1) was mostly localized at the perinuclear membranous region co-localizing with Rap1 and Rap2. Expression of SPA-1 and rap1GAP genes tended to be segregate in various tissues, lymphoid tissues expressing abundant SPA-1 transcript without rap1GAP, while those such as brain, kidney, and pancreas exhibiting rap1GAP mRNA with little SPA-1. Promyelocytic HL-60 cells, which expressed p130(SPA-1) with little p85/95(rap1GAP) in uninduced state, showed progressive decline in p130(SPA-1) and conversely drastic increase in p85/95(rap1GAP) as they ceased from proliferation and differentiated into macrophages by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These results suggested that products of SPA-1 and rap1GAP genes, albeit comparable GAP activity for Rap1 and Rap2, functioned in the distinct contexts depending on cell types and/or states.
Analyzing TLS Interception in Middleware Network Appliances (2018)

Network traffic inspection, including TLS traffic, in enterprise environments is widely practiced. Reasons are primarily related to improving enterprise security (e.g., phishing and malicious traffic detection) and meeting legal requirements (e.g., preventing unauthorized data leakage, complying with laws such as the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, HIPAA). To be able to analyze TLS-encrypted data, network appliances implement a Man-in-the-Middle TLS proxy, by acting as the intended web server to a requesting client (e.g., a browser), and acting as the client to the actual/outside web server. As such, the TLS proxy must implement both a TLS client and a server, that can handle a large amount of traffic (preferably, in real-time). However, as protocol and implementation layer vulnerabilities in TLS/HTTPS are quite frequent, these proxies at least be as secure as a modern, up-to-date web browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox), and a properly configured web server (e.g., an A+ rating in SSLlabs.com). As opposed to client-end TLS proxies (e.g., as implemented in several anti-virus products), the proxies in network appliances may serve tens to hundreds of clients, and any vulnerability in their TLS implementations can significantly downgrade an enterprise's security level.\n\nTo analyze TLS security of network appliances, we develop a comprehensive testing framework, by combining and extending tests from existing work on client-end and network-based interception studies. We analyze 13 representative network appliances over a period of more than a year (including multiple product versions, before and after notifying affected vendors, a total of 17 versions), and uncover several security issues regarding TLS version and certificate parameters mapping, CA trusted stores, private keys, and certificate validation tests. For instance, we found that four appliances perform no certificate validation at all, three use pre-generated certificates, and 11 accept certificates signed using the MD5 algorithm, exposing their end-clients to MITM attacks. Our goal is to highlight the risks introduced by widely-used TLS proxies in enterprise and government environments, potentially affecting many systems hosting security, privacy, and financially sensitive data.
Oxidation of Lubricating Oils. (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Lubricating Oils.G. H. Denison Jr. and P. C. ConditCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 11, 1102–1108Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50431a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50431a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Non-invasive monitoring of CMOS power amplifiers operating at RF and mmW Frequencies using an on-chip thermal sensor (2011)

In this paper a non-invasive, contact-less technique for the on-chip observation of PA operation is presented. It uses a differential temperature sensor that transduces the temperature increase due to the power dissipated by active transistors operating at high frequencies into a low frequency signal that is proportional to some relevant PA figures of merit, such as output power or PAE. The technique is demonstrated by using the same thermal sensor in two different PAs (a 2 GHz PA and a 60 GHz PA) implemented with a 65 nm CMOS process.
Loss of function of folylpolyglutamate synthetase 1 reduces lignin content and improves cell wall digestibility in Arabidopsis (2015)

Our observations provide genetic and biochemical support for the importance of folylpolyglutamates in the lignocellulosic pathway and reinforces previous observations that targeting a single FPGS isoform for down-regulation leads to reduced lignin in plants. Because fpgs1 mutants had no dramatic defects in above ground biomass, selective down-regulation of individual components of C1 metabolism is an approach that should be explored further for the improvement of lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Discontinuous electrolyte systems for improved detection of biologically active amines and acids by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced native fluorescence detection (2004)

On-line concentration and separation of biologically active amines and acids by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in conjunction with laser-induced fluorescence using an Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm under discontinuous conditions is presented. The suitable conditions for simultaneous analysis of amines and acids were: samples were prepared in a solution (pH* 3.1) consisting of 10 mM citric acid, 89% acetonitrile (ACN), and water; a capillary was filled with 1.5 M Tris-borate (TB) buffer (pH 10.0); and the anodic vial contained PTG10 buffer (pH* 9.0) that consists of 50 mM propanoic acid, Tris, 10% glycerol, and water. After injecting a large-volume sample, amines and acids were separately stacked at the front (cathodic side) and back (anodic side) of the acidic sample zone, mainly because of changes in their electrophoretic mobilities as a result of changes in pH, viscosity, and electric field when high voltage was applied. When the sample was injected at 15 kV for 360 s, the concentration limits of detection (LODs) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were 0.27 and 0.31 nM, respectively, which are about 400- and 800-fold sensitivity improvements when compared to those injected at 1 kV for 10 s. For the analysis of amines, samples were prepared in 100 mM citric acid (pH* 1.8) containing 89% ACN and both the capillary and anodic vial were filled with 400 mM PTG20 (propanoic acid, Tris, 20% glycerol, and water) at pH* 4.5. Using a large injection volume (15 kV for 360 s), we achieved concentration LODs of 17 pM and 0.3 nM for tryptamine and epinephrine, which are about 5200- and 14,000-fold sensitivity improvements, respectively, in comparison with those injected at 1 kV for 10 s. The features of simplicity (no sample pretreatment), rapidity (12 min), and sensitivity for identification of amines and acids of interest in urine samples show diagnostic potential of the two approaches developed in this study.
Microresistance spot welding of Kovar, steel, and nickel (2001)

Microresistance spot welding of 0.2–0.5 mm thickness Kovar, steel, and nickel using different types of power supply was investigated. The effects of process parameters (welding current/pulse energy, electrode force, and welding time/pulse width) on joint strength and nugget diameter were studied. The maximum values of welding current and nugget diameter that did not result in weld metal expulsion and/or electrode–sheet sticking were determined. The difference between micro- and ‘large scale’ resistance spot welding was also considered. It was noted that the difference between micro- and large scale resistance spot welding is due not only to the difference in the scale of the joints, but also to the fundamental difference in the electrode forces (pressures) used. Based on the results of the present work, nominal process parameters are recommended for microresistance spot welding of Kovar, steel, and nickel when using different power supplies.
Online routing and wavelength assignment in single-hub WDM rings (2000)

We present new theoretical results on the performance limits of online routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms in a single-hub wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring network architecture. A routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithm is said to be online if at each point in time, the algorithm assigns a route and a color to the current connection request based only on past information, without knowledge of future requests. We study the throughput performance of deterministic online RWA algorithms in terms of competitive ratio, i.e., the maximum ratio of the throughput of an optimal off-line algorithm to that of an online algorithm over any satisfiable sequence of requests. We show that the competitive ratio for the min-hop algorithm is exactly 2. When there are sufficient wavelengths, smaller competitive ratio W/(W+1-N) can be achieved by the greedy-complete algorithm for infinite-duration requests, and by the pair-complete algorithm for uniform-duration requests, where W is the number of wavelengths and N is the number of nodes. In the general case where requests can have arbitrary durations, we prove that a natural deterministic online algorithm can achieve a competitive ratio of 1+2g, where g>1 is the ratio of the longest duration of any request to the shortest duration of any request. These results exhibit the performance tradeoffs among the number of nodes, the number of wavelengths, and the range of request durations.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple-Session Early Interventions Following Traumatic Events (2009)

Trauma-focused CBT within 3 months of a traumatic event appears to be effective for individuals with traumatic stress symptoms, especially those who meet the threshold for a clinical diagnosis.
SURVEY EFFECT OF GENDER AND FIELD OF STUDY ON STUDENTS' JUDEGMENT OF THE MORALITY OF EARNINGS MANAGEMENT (2012)

Earnings management is using judgment in reporting financial results and in structuring transactions to either mislead some stakeholders about the underlying eco nomic performance of the company or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on reported accounting numbers (Kaplan, 2001). This study investigates the ethical perception of students concerning different earnings management scenarios. A questionnaire is used to measure the ethical perception of t he respondents concerning 15 earnings management scenarios. The questionnaire is based on the questionnaire of Merchant (1994) and Fischer and Rosenzweig (1995). Sample including Fields of accounting and non- accounting (management and economics) all the senior students admission to universities public of Iran . The results of the 250 questionnaires indicate that t here are a significant differences between Accounting students and non - accounting students judge about knowledge unethical earnings management. There is a significant relationship between gender and knowledge ethical earnings management.
Policy issues and institutional impediments in the management of groundwater: lessons from case studies (2002)

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Accuracy of Core Alignment with End-View Function for Multicore Fiber (2014)

Passive and automatic core alignment of MCFs with an end-view function is demonstrated. It is confirmed that the accuracy of the end-view alignment method is feasible for fusion splicing of MCFs.
Analytical Methods for Polyphenols in Brewing. Part II. A New Method for Determination of Anthocyanogens and Catechins (Tanninogens) in Wort and Beer (1971)

(1971). Analytical Methods for Polyphenols in Brewing. Part II. A New Method for Determination of Anthocyanogens and Catechins (Tanninogens) in Wort and Beer. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 29, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1971, pp. 159-170.
Collapse-free patterning of high aspect ratio silicon structures for 20nm NAND Flash technology (2015)

In this paper, the observation of active area line collapse in 20 nm planar NAND Flash technology is reported. The mechanism of active area pattern collapse is described using the theory of capillary forces. The proposed model for pattern collapse is validated by data obtained by real time defect analysis and end of line electrical data. Next, with the help of an empirical model, key structural metrics responsible for pattern collapse phenomenon are identified and optimized. The results from the optimized process flow show an 84% reduction in pattern collapse defects and 34% reduction in program disturb fails.