gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid Distribution of Drugs after Lumbar Injection (1962)

DIRECT injection of drugs into the subarachnoid space is required for treatment of several diseases involving the leptomeninges. This is necessary because of the virtual exclusion of certain plasma constituents by the bloodcerebrospinal-fluid barrier due to molecular size, protein binding, lipid insolubility or ionization.2 Drugs included in this category are polymyxin B and amphotericin B.3 , 4 The antimetabolites 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, used in the therapy of acute leukemia, do not attain significant levels in spinal fluid when administered systemically.2 , 5 Therefore, meningeal leukemia, the diffuse involvement of the meninges by leukemic cells, must often be treated with an intrathecally administered drug such . . .
Peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of some natural phenolic antioxidants (1991)

The autoxidation of linoleic acid dispersed in an aqueous media and the antioxidant effect of hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, caffeic acid and tyrosol were studied. Linoleic acid autoxidation rate was estimated by the increase of conjugated diene level and by the decrease of linoleic acid content in the samples. The phenolic compounds exhibited an antioxidant activity which increased in the order: tyrosol < caffeic acid < oleuropein < hydroxytyrosol. The analysis of the hydroperoxide isomers pointed out that hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and caffeic acid at a concentration of 10 −4 M inhibited the formation of trans‐ trans isomers in the increasing order: caffeic acid < oleuropein < hydroxytyrosol. This inhibition could be related to the ability of phenolic compounds to scavenge peroxyl radical. Tyrosol did not inhibit the formation of transtrans isomers. Phenolic compounds were degraded as a consequence of their antioxidant activity and their degradation rate was positively correlated to their antioxidant efficacy. These phenolic compounds, at a concentration of 6 × 10 −3 M, also scavenged hydroxyl radical, with an efficiency which increased in the order: tyrosol < hydroxytyrosol < oleuropein < caffeic acid. Polar substituents at the para position, such as in caffeic acid and oleuropein, were correlated with higher hydroxyl radical quenching ability.
Practical Approach to Programmable Analog Circuits With Memristors (2010)

We suggest an approach to use memristors (resistors with memory) in programmable analog circuits. Our idea consists in a circuit design in which low voltages are applied to memristors during their operation as analog circuit elements and high voltages are used to program the memristor's states. This way, as it was demonstrated in recent experiments, the state of memristors does not essentially change during analog mode operation. As an example of our approach, we have built several programmable analog circuits demonstrating memristor-based programming of threshold, gain and frequency. In these circuits the role of memristor is played by a memristor emulator developed by us.
The Effect of Learners' Field Independence, Cognitive Strategy Instruction, and Inherent Word-List Organization on Free-Recall Memory and Strategy Use (1993)

Abstract The authors investigated the free-recall memory performance and spontaneous strategy use of field-independent and field-dependent students when they were asked to memorize word lists that were high or low in inherent organization and when cognitive strategy instruction was provided or withheld. The results of a factorially designed experiment revealed that field-independent learners recalled more words than field-dependent learners, that more words were recalled from the word list with high inherent organization, and that more words were recalled by students who received cognitive strategy instruction. The examination of spontaneous strategy use by field-dependent and field-independent learners yielded interesting differences that were interpreted from a developmental and information-processing perspective. Results and interpretations are consistent with current views of field dependence theory. Educational implications of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Relaxin in human pregnancy serum measured with an homologous radioimmunoassay. (1987)

This study reports serum levels of relaxin in normal and special-interest pregnancies using an homologous radioimmunoassay for human relaxin. The mean levels in uncomplicated antenatal patients were lower than those reported in studies using heterologous assays, but the trend in serum levels was similar. Serum levels peaked at ten weeks' gestation and decreased progressively to term. Relaxin was detectable in all pregnant subjects assessed at the time of the first missed menses. The mean relaxin levels in patients having in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer who subsequently delivered a single infant were significantly higher than those in normal antenatal patients at an equivalent gestational age. Patients with twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer generally had higher levels than patients with single pregnancies. Some pregnant patients who aborted after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer had declining levels of relaxin before 40 days postlaparoscopy.
Semantically routing queries in peer-based systems: the H-Link approach (2008)

Abstract A challenging issue to advance the existing P2P semantic routing protocols is related to the capability of developing mechanisms for focused selection of the query recipients by taking into account a semantically rich description of the context of each peer. In this article, we present the H-Link semantic routing approach designed to exploit the results of an ontology matchmaking process for providing a semantic overlay network where peers having similar contexts are recognized and interlinked as semantic neighbors. In particular, H-L ink aims at advancing the existing semantic routing protocols by combining ontology-based peer context descriptions and ontology matching techniques for providing query forwarding on a real semantic basis, in a completely decentralized way.
Status of the French Research Program on Partitioning and Transmutation (2007)

The production of nuclear energy in France has been associated, since its inception, with the optimization of radioactive waste management, including the partitioning and the recycling of recoverable energetic materials. From the start, the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) has devoted considerable effort to the management of the back end of the cycle in order to extract the re-usable materials, uranium and plutonium, and to condition the resulting waste with the vitrification process. At the end of the December 1991 Waste Management Act, it is considered that partitioning techniques, which have been validated on real solutions with aqueous process, have been brought to a point where there is reasonable assurance that industrial deployment can be successful. For transmutation, CEA has conducted programs proving at lab scale the feasibility of the elimination of minor actinides and scenario studies have also allowed assessing the efficiency of transmutation in terms of the quantitative reduction of the final waste inventory depending on the reactor fleet of Pressurized Water Reactor-Fast Neutron Reactor-Accelerator Driven Systems (PWR-FR-ADS). For the future, the new Waste Management Act passed by the French Parliament on June 28, 2006, demands that Partitioning and Transmutation research continues in strong connection to GEN IV systems and ADS development, allowing to assess the industrial perspectives of such systems in 2012 and to put into operation a transmutation demo facility in 2020.
Atomic-scale computer simulation for ternary alloy Ni-Cr-Al during early precipitation process (2005)

ABSTRACT A suitable correlation can be made to represent the simulated distillation of heavy oils starting from thennoaravimetric measurements. This method is applicable to hydrocarbons having an initial boiling point equal or greater than 200°C. The simulated thermogravimetric distillation fit was obtained from experiments with the standard compounds obtained from ASTM D-2887-83 (Boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions by gas chromatography). This method is simple, fast and without problems when applied to heavy feedstocks The data were used in the determination of average boiling temperatures of products from thermal cracking and thermal hydrocracking. It was also possible to quantify coke yields Average relative molecular masses of products from the above processes correlated well with the average boiling point temperatures. It indicates that, with respect to the hydrocarbon types, thermal cracking is not selective in comparison with thermal hydrocracking The equation applied to find the average boiling temperature is following: T = (1/al) (Ttg-a2). T is the boiling temperature, al and a2 are the correction factors, Ttg is the thermogravimetric temperature.
The reproductive toxicology of intravenously administered MnDPDP in the rat and rabbit (1997)

MnDPDP caused skeletal abnormalities in foetal rats, but not rabbits, and had no effects on rat fertility. Manganese appears to be the causative agent for inducing bone abnormalities in the rat.
Alternative Splicing of the Cytoplasmic Domain of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Alters Its Ability to Act as a Substrate for Neurite Outgrowth (1992)

A full-length cDNA encoding 180-kDa neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM 180) has been transfected into mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and stable clones expressing the transgene have been isolated and characterised. Transfection was associated with the expression of a major protein band of 180 kDa and a minor related band of 140 kDa. Antibodies reactive exclusively with human NCAM immunoprecipitated both proteins but failed to coprecipitate any other proteins. The ability of transfected NCAM to stimulate neurite outgrowth was determined by culturing rat cerebellar neurons on top of confluent monolayers of parental 3T3 cells or clones of transfected 3T3 cells expressing either NCAM 140 or NCAM 180. The results show that NCAM 180 is less able to act as a substrate for neurite outgrowth than NCAM 140.
CHAPTER VI (2013)

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Mechanical image analysis using finite element method (2006)

This chapter describes the mechanical image analysis using finite element (FE) method for atherosclerotic plaques. Q. Long combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and MRI techniques together to perform patient-specific flow analysis based on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images from real patients. Phase contrast (PC) MRI was used to measure time varying inlet/outlet flow rates which are used as boundary conditions (BC) for the subject-specific CFD model. Image-based computational modeling is adding a new dimension (mechanical analysis) to atherosclerostic plaque image analysis. With advanced imaging and computational modeling techniques, atherosclerotic plaques can be analyzed under fluid-structure interaction environment and critical flow, and stress/strain conditions can be identified and used for more accurate plaque rupture risk assessment and predictions. Combination of imaging analysis, computational modeling, and clinical studies may lead to establishment of new industrial standard, gold standard for arterial disease assessment, and new noninvasive diagnostic and screening procedures.
E-micropayments sweat the small stuff (2004)

Many people buy books, CDs, clothes, travel, and other products and services over the Internet every day. However, after years of online purchasing, one long-promised aspect of e-commerce has remained largely unfulfilled: electronic micropayments for items that cost $5 or less. There appears to be a growing demand for e-micropayment technologies that enable the purchase of items and services such as MP3 music files, magazine and newspaper articles, Web-based comics, pay-per-view videos, database access, and driving directions. Several companies are developing e-micropayment products, including BitPass's Core BitPass System and BitPass Studios; Firstgate's Click & Buy; Payloadz's PayLoadz.com system; Paystone's personal, merchant, and group-pay accounts. The technology faces several obstacles, including the need to convince sellers and users to trust and work with e-micropayments.
Drilled alternating-layer structure for three-dimensional photonic crystals with a full band gap (2000)

A new three-dimensional photonic crystal structure is designed to simplify fabrication. A calculation of the band structure predicts that this photonic crystal has a complete photonic band gap in all directions. The entire three-dimensional periodic structure, except for the vertically drilled holes, is formed by automatic shaping during bias sputtering deposition. The fabrication technologies used to construct this photonic crystal are electron beam lithography, bias sputtering, and fluoride-gas electron cyclotron resonance etching. Our preliminary fabrication reveals that each technology can be controlled well enough to lead to the creation of a photonic band gap material for an optical communication wavelength.
Exclusion of the <i>PDE6A</i> gene for generalised progressive retinal atrophy in 11 breeds of dog (2000)

The cyclic guanosine monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase (cGMP-specific PDE) is a key enzyme in the phototransduction cascade of the vertebrate retina. This enzyme consists of two catalytic alpha and beta subunits, two identical inhibitory gamma subunits as well as a delta subunit. Mutations in PDE6A and the PDE6B genes lead to autosomal recessive (ar) forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in human and to the homologous disease in dogs, designated generalised progressive retinal atrophy (gPRA). We investigated the PDE6A gene in 13 gPRA-affected dog breeds including healthy animals, obligate gPRA carriers and gPRA-affected dogs. In the coding region of PDE6A only a rare sequence variation (G103A; Asp35Asn) was found in exon 1 of two healthy Tibet Terriers and one affected Cocker Spaniel. Using single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses we detected several sequence variations in eight of the PDE6A introns in different investigated breeds. Most informative for excluding the PDE6A gene as a cause for gPRA was a polymorphic microsatellite ((GT)10CG(GT)2CG(GT)12) in intron 14 and four sequence variations in intron 18 for almost all breeds investigated. The sequence variations of PDE6A did not segregate together with gPRA in 11 breeds. Since diseased animals were heterozygous for the polymorphisms, the PDE6A gene is unlikely to harbour the critical mutation causing gPRA in the following breeds: Chesapeake Bay Retriever. Entlebucher Sennenhund, Labrador Retriever. Tibet Mastiff, Dachshund (long- and wire-haired), Tibetan Terrier, Miniature Poodle. Australian Cattle Dog, Cocker Spaniel, Saarloos/Wolfshound, Sloughi.
Characterization of highly multiplexed monolithic PET / gamma camera detector modules (2018)

PET detectors use signal multiplexing to reduce the total number of electronics channels needed to cover a given area. Using measured thin-beam calibration data, we tested a principal component based multiplexing scheme for scintillation detectors. The highly-multiplexed detector signal is no longer amenable to standard calibration methodologies. In this study we report results of a prototype multiplexing circuit, and present a new method for calibrating the detector module with multiplexed data. A [Formula: see text] mm<sup>3</sup> LYSO scintillation crystal was affixed to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube with [Formula: see text] position-outputs and one channel that is the sum of the other 64. The 65-channel signal was multiplexed in a resistive circuit, with 65:5 or 65:7 multiplexing. A 0.9 mm beam of 511 keV photons was scanned across the face of the crystal in a 1.52 mm grid pattern in order to characterize the detector response. New methods are developed to reject scattered events and perform depth-estimation to characterize the detector response of the calibration data. Photon interaction position estimation of the testing data was performed using a Gaussian Maximum Likelihood estimator and the resolution and scatter-rejection capabilities of the detector were analyzed. We found that using a 7-channel multiplexing scheme (65:7 compression ratio) with 1.67 mm depth bins had the best performance with a beam-contour of 1.2 mm FWHM (from the 0.9 mm beam) near the center of the crystal and 1.9 mm FWHM near the edge of the crystal. The positioned events followed the expected Beer-Lambert depth distribution. The proposed calibration and positioning method exhibited a scattered photon rejection rate that was a 55% improvement over the summed signal energy-windowing method.
Early Differential Defects of Insulin Secretion and Action in 19-Year-Old Caucasian Men Who Had Low Birth Weight (2002)

Several studies have linked low birth weight (LBW) and type 2 diabetes. We investigated hepatic and peripheral insulin action including intracellular glucose metabolism in 40 19-year-old men (20 LBW, 20 matched control subjects), using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique at two physiological insulin levels (10 and 40 mU/m(2) per min), indirect calorimetry, and [3-(3)H]glucose. Insulin secretion was examined during an oral and intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting p-glucose was higher in the LBW group (5.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.1; P < 0.05). Basal plasma glycerol concentrations were significantly lower in the LBW group. Insulin-stimulated glycolytic flux was significantly reduced, and suppression of endogenous glucose production was enhanced in the LBW group. Nevertheless, basal and insulin-stimulated rates of whole-body peripheral glucose disposal, glucose oxidation, lipid oxidation, exogenous glucose storage, and nonoxidative glucose metabolism were similar in the two groups. Insulin secretion was reduced by 30% in the LBW group, when expressed relative to insulin sensitivity (disposition index = insulin secretion x insulin action). We propose that reduced insulin-stimulated glycolysis precedes overt insulin resistance in LBW men. A lower insulin secretion may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance and ultimately lead to diabetes.
Three‐dimensional coculture of primary hepatocytes and stellate cells in silk scaffold improves hepatic morphology and functionality <i>in vitro</i> (2018)

Abstract A vigorous in vitro model of liver that could recapitulate hepatic phenotype and functionality in vivo would exclusively improve the efficiency of bioartificial liver, drug discovery, or even transplantation therapy. Owing to the indispensable role of three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment in supporting viability and function of hepatocytes in vitro , much effort recently has been focused on improving reproducibility and standardization of primary hepatocyte cultures with a paradigm shift to 3D culture system, In the present study, an improved 3D coculture system of hepatocytes was established in which rat primary hepatocytes were cocultured with hepatic stellate cells in silk porous scaffolds. Silk scaffolds with incorporated extracellular matrix provided a suitable microenvironment for maintaining the viability, morphology and gene expression of the primary hepatocyte in vitro . The presence of stromal cells promoted primary hepatocyte to generate cellular aggregates with well‐organized 3D architecture after 3 days of coculture in vitro . These aggregates exhibited proper morphology similar to liver tissue in vivo . Consistent with their phenotypic appearance, well‐maintained functionality of hepatocytes was also observed in the cocultures, where albumin secretion/expression, urea synthesis as well as messenger ribonucleic acid expression of multiple cytochrome Ps (CYPs) enzymes increased significantly compared to either the 3D monocultures or monolayer cultures. Additionally, this 3D multicellular coculture model displayed an improved metabolic activity of CYPs enzymes to the probe drugs treatment. Thus, this culture system would not only contribute to the construction of micro‐organoid tissue of liver but also potentially provide a robust tool for drug metabolism evaluation in vitro . © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2171‐2180, 2018.
A Study of compressively strained Si0.5Ge0.5 metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with chemical vapor deposition HfAlO as gate dielectric (2007)

The interfacial and electrical properties of metal organic chemical vapor deposited HfAlO on compressively strained Si0.5Ge0.5 (ε-Si0.5Ge0.5) substrate without or with surface nitridation treatment were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis suggests that an interfacial layer containing GeOx, Hf silicate, and Al silicate exists on substrates with direct deposition of HfAlO, whereas an interfacial layer containing SiNxOy exists on substrates with surface nitridation prior to HfAlO deposition. The TaN∕HfAlO∕ε-Si0.5Ge0.5 capacitor with surface nitridation shows a larger permittivity of the entire gate dielectric with a thinner interfacial layer (in terms of equivalent oxide thickness), a smaller interface trap charge density, and less severe flatband shift as well as two orders of magnitude lower gate leakage in comparison with those capacitors without nitridation.
A 3.5 W HBT MMIC power amplifier module for mobile communications (2002)

A 900 MHz-band GaAs/GaAlAs HBT MMIC power amplifier module has been developed for mobile communications by using a novel assembly technique called BHS and an AlN package as the MMIC chip carrier. The power module gave a peak output power of 3.7 W and a power-added efficiency of 54.5% with a +6 V single supply voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Latent insulin receptors and possible receptor precursors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (1983)

Cell surface and cryptic insulin receptors were solubilized from the particulate fraction of murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes with buffer containing 1% Triton X-100. Solubilized receptors were affinity crosslinked with 125I-labeled insulin and disuccinimidyl suberate and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography after specific immunoprecipitation. Two insulin-binding polypeptides were identified: the more abundant protein had a Mr of 130,000, corresponding to the size of the hormone-binding subunit of insulin receptors on the surface of target cells; the second polypeptide exhibited a Mr of 200,000 and appears to be a component of the latent pool because it was unaffected when 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to trypsin under conditions that result in a 95% reduction in cell surface insulin-binding activity and the loss of the Mr 130,000 polypeptide in crosslinking experiments. Unexpectedly, the population of Mr 200,000 molecules in intact cells was accessible for limited cleavage by chymotrypsin, yielding a Mr 195,000 insulin-binding polypeptide. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes received a 15-min pulse of [35S]methionine, the predominant immunoprecipitated polypeptide had a Mr of 180,000. During a 1.5-hr chase, radioactivity in the Mr 180,000 species rapidly declined while the latent Mr 200,000 polypeptide became intensely labeled. After a 5-hr chase period, broad protein bands with Mrs of 130,000 and 90,000 were visualized as the major immunoprecipitated radioactive polypeptides. Thus, the Mr 180,000 species may be a very early biosynthetic precursor that may be subsequently processed to a Mr 200,000 form and one or both of the smaller receptor subunits at the cell surface.