gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An open‐label, single‐arm, phase 2 study of single‐agent carfilzomib in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma who have been previously treated with bortezomib (2012)

Carfilzomib is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor that selectively and irreversibly binds to its target. In clinical studies, carfilzomib has shown efficacy in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) and has demonstrated a tolerable safety profile. In this phase 2, open-label, multicentre clinical trial, 35 patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM following 1-3 prior therapies, including at least one bortezomib-based regimen, received carfilzomib 20 mg/m(2) in a twice-weekly, consecutive-day dosing schedule for ≤12 monthly cycles. The best overall response rate (ORR) was 17·1% and the clinical benefit response rate (ORR + minimal response) was 31·4%. The median duration of response was >10·6 months and the median time to progression was 4·6 months. The most common adverse events were fatigue (62·9%), nausea (60·0%), and vomiting (42·9%). No exacerbation of baseline peripheral neuropathy was observed. Single-agent carfilzomib was generally well tolerated for up to 12 treatment cycles and showed activity in patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM who had received prior treatment with bortezomib. These data, combined with an acceptable toxicity profile, support the potential use of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM and warrant continued investigation of carfilzomib as single agent or in combination with other agents.
Local Use of Insulin in Wounds of Diabetic Patients (2013)

Therapeutic, II.
Beiträge zur ökologischen chemie—XX : Verteilung, ausscheidung und metabolismus von telodrin und heptachlor in ratten und männlichen kaninchen, endprodukt des warmblütermetabolismus von heptachlor (1970)

Zusammenfassung Telodrin (I) und Heptachlor (II) werden nach intravenoser Applikation langsam ausgeschieden, Telodrin von weiblichen Ratten innerhalb 48 Stunden zu 16%, von mannlichen Tieren zu 13%. Mannliche Kaninchen scheiden innerhalb 96 Stunden nach der Applikation 13% der Radioaktivitat aus, hauptsachlich als einen hydrophileren Metaboliten. Innerhalb 72 Stunden wird Heptachlor von weiblichen Ratten zu 32%, von mannilichen zu 22%, von mannlichen Kaninchen innerhalb 144 Stunden zu 23% ausgeschieden. Die starkere Speicherungsrate von Telodrin und Heptachlor in weiblichen Ratten gegenuber mannlichen steht im Widerspruch zum Speicherungsverhalten der ubrigen insektiziden Chlorkoblenwasserstoffe. Telodrin wird zu einem hydrophilen Metaboliten umgewandelt, der nach Hydrolyse ein bekanntes Lacton (III) ergab und bereits in Versuchen mit Larven von Aedes aegypti gefunden wurde.5 Heptachlor wird zum Epoxid (IV) und daruber hinaus zu 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-2,3 epoxi-3a,4,7,7a tetrahydro-4,7 endomethanoindan (VI) umgewandelt. Nach Applikation dieses hydrophilen Metaboliten erfolgt in Ratten keine weitere Umwandlung.
Fas ligand expression in TM4 sertoli cells is enhanced by estradiol “in situ” production (2006)

The testis is an immunologically privileged site of the body where Sertoli cells work on to favor local immune tolerance by testicular autoantigens segregation and immunosuppressive factors secretion. Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) system, expressed prevalently in Sertoli cells, has been considered to be one of the central mechanisms in testis immunological homeostasis. In different cell lines it has been reported that the proapoptotic protein FasL is regulated by 17-beta estradiol (E2). Thus, using as experimental model mouse Sertoli cells TM4, which conserve a large spectrum of functional features present in native Sertoli cells, like aromatase activity, we investigated if estradiol "in situ" production may influence FasL expression. Our results demonstrate that an aromatizable androgen like androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (Delta4) enhanced FasL mRNA, protein content and promoter activity in TM4 cells. The treatment with N(6),2'-O-dibutyryladenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate [(Bu)(2)cAMP] (simulating FSH action), that is well known to stimulate aromatase activity in Sertoli cells, amplified Delta4 induced FasL expression. Functional studies of mutagenesis, electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the Sp-1 motif on FasL promoter was required for E2 enhanced FasL expression in TM4 cells. These data let us to recruit FasL among those genes whose expression is up-regulated by E2 through a direct interaction of ERalpha with Sp-1 protein. Finally, evidence that an aromatizable androgen is able to increase FasL expression suggests that E2 production by aromatase activity may contribute to maintain the immunoprivilege status of Sertoli cells.
Hibitane in the treatment of oral candidiasis (1977)

Denture stomatitis (chronic atrophic candidosis) is a very common complication to the wearing of complete dentures. The infection is due to a contamination of the denture by yeasts. In a number of studies the clinical effect of Hibitane when used as a denture disinfectant has been studied. It was found that Hibitane (0.2--2%) caused a significant amelioration of inflamed palatal tissues and a reduction in the number of yeast cells harbored on the palatal mucosa and the fitting surface of the dentures. However, relapse of the infection was frequent after treatment was sustained. It was concluded that Hibitane could not be recommended for routine denture disinfection, first, because it caused staining of the dentures, second, because of the relative resistance of the yeast to the action of the drug. However, it seems justified to use Hibitane prophylactically as a denture disinfectant in patients who are highly susceptible to developing disseminating or systemic candidosis. Hibitane is a valuable drug in the treatment of denture stomatitis when used as a denture disinfectant.
Electrochemical and Infrared Studies of the Reduction of Organic Carbonates (2001)

The reduction potentials of five organic carbonates commonly employed in lithium battery electrolytes, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and vinylene carbonate (VC) were determined by cyclic voltammetry using inert (Au or glassy carbon) electrodes in tetrahydrofuran/ supporting electrolyte. The reduction potentials for all five organic carbonates were above 1 V (vs. PC reduction was observed to have a significant kinetic hindrance. The measured reduction potentials for EC, DEC, and PC were consistent with thermodynamic values calculated using density functional theory (DFT) assuming one-electron reduction to the radical anion. The experimental values for VC and DMC were, however, much more positive than the calculated values, which we attribute to different reaction pathways. The role of VC as an additive in a PC-based electrolyte was investigated using conventional constant-current cycling combined with ex situ infrared spectroscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). We confirmed stable cycling of a commercial li-ion battery carbon anode in a PC-based electrolyte with 5 mol % VC added. The preferential reduction of VC and the solid electrolyte interphase layer formation therefrom appears to inhibit PC cointercalation and subsequent graphite exfoliation. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Statistical Methods for Image Reconstruction (2004)

... on statistical image reconstruction methods. The purpose of the annotation is to provide supplemental details, and particularly to provide extensive literature references for further study.
Safety and efficacy of a combined parapox/BVD vaccine. (1986)

The combination of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease-attenuated vaccine strain with heat-inactivated parapoxvirus was tested with respect to safety and efficacy in mice, rabbits and fattening calves. The safety on this vaccine was guaranteed in mice and rabbits under laboratory conditions and in calves under field conditions. Laboratory investigations demonstrated a strong anti-BVD antibody response in rabbits compared to antibody formation after vaccination with the monovalent BVD-vaccine component. In mice the induction of high unspecific defence against heterologous viral challenge (VSV, Aujeszky) was possible only with the combined vaccine and the parapox (ORF) vaccine component. Two BVD-seronegative calves kept under isolated conditions showed high titers of BVD-neutralizing antibodies three weeks after a single vaccination with a three-fold vaccine dose. Leukopenia could not be detected in 13 randomly chosen BVD-seronegative calves on days 1, 2 and 4 after vaccination. In field trials each of the 69 (29%) BVD-seronegative calves developed high titers of BVD-neutralizing antibodies three weeks after a single (i.m.) inoculation. The same phenomenon occurred with animals which had low pre-vaccination BVD neutralizing antibodies, whereas the third group of calves with high prevaccination antibody titers had a moderate decrease in neutralizing antibodies within three weeks after vaccination. Mortality and morbidity rates in fattening farms decreased markedly after the experiment and during an observation period of one year. Improved immunological response of rabbits and cattle to a single vaccination with the combined parapox-BVD vaccine compared to a monospecific BVD vaccination was a result of immunomodulating effects of the parapox (ORF) vaccine component.
Impact of Vehicle Changes Upon Gear Lubricant Requirements (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The authors provide evidence indicating that oils meeting only the minimum requirements of API GL-5 do not always provide adequate gear protection, especially in severe duty applications. Increases in commercial vehicle power and loading have accentuated the need for oils of greater load carrying ability. A modified version of the standard L-37 test may help identify oils that possess superior durability and thermal characteristics. Future gear lubricants should provide improved fuel economy, increased manual transmission life; and frictional characteristics that allow noise free performance in limited slip differentials.</div>
Semiautomated assessment of loss of heterozygosity and replication error in tumors. (1996)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and replication error (RER) are important phenomena in tumor development, with diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Therefore, screening for LOH and RER is a desirable first step in the molecular analysis of tumors. We used semiautomated procedures based on multicolor fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers and an automated sequencer for PCR amplification, electrophoresis of PCR products, and allele detection with a set of 16 microsatellites in 56 colorectal tumors. We improved existing software for computer-assisted assessment of LOH and RER. A comparison of these results with those of a conventional, radioactive technique and visual interpretation shows a high degree of correlation between the two methods. The detection rates of LOH and RER are similar to those reported previously. The main advantages of the semiautomated fluorescence-based typing are in the objective, observer-unrelated, easy, and rapid computer-based scoring, and the resulting quantitative assessment of RER.
Non-invasive estimation of the mean pressure difference in aortic stenosis by Doppler ultrasound. (1986)

The mean pressure difference across the valve in aortic stenosis is an indicator of the severity of the obstruction to flow. Non-invasive determination of the mean pressure gradient by Doppler ultrasonography is, however, complicated by the squared relation between instantaneous velocities and pressure differences. The validity of a new simple formula for calculation of the mean pressure difference from the peak pressure difference was evaluated in 26 patients with aortic stenosis. The formula is: delta pmean = 0.64 delta ppeak, where delta pmean is the mean pressure gradient and delta ppeak the peak pressure gradient. There was a close correlation between the mean pressure differences determined by application of the formula to the peak pressure differences measured at catheterisation and the mean pressure differences obtained by planimetry (r = 0.97, SEE = 4.7 mm Hg). The correlation between mean pressure differences determined by continuous wave Doppler ultrasound and the formula and those measured by planimetry was also close (r = 0.91, SEE = 7.6 mm Hg) and only three patients showed a difference between the two methods of greater than 10 mm Hg. The new formula is a simple and reliable means of estimating the mean pressure difference from Doppler recordings and it facilitates the comparison of Doppler and catheterisation data.
Active microwave tomography (1994)

The author discusses experimental and numerical studies on active microwave tomographic imaging. Different types of reconstruction algorithm are examined. Simulation and cylindrical measurement system studies are reported. Some examples in biomedical imaging are presented.
Gastrointestinal involvement in homocystinuria (1993)

Homocystinuria is frequently associated with severe multisystem involvement such as dislocated lenses, skeletal deformities, mental retardation and premature vascular occlusions. Surprisingly, gastro-intestinal involvement has not been described in this disorder. We present a 17 year old boy with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, who developed severe gastrointestinal involvement, manifested by chronic diarrhoea and acute pancreatitis. The diarrhoea was successfully treated with betaine. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms and suggested treatment are described.
The Relationship Between Disc Degeneration, Facet Joint Osteoarthritis, and Stability of the Degenerative Lumbar Spine (2000)

Degenerative processes in the disc and facet joints affect the stability of the motion segment. The exact relations among disc degeneration, facet joint osteoarthritis, and the kinematics of the motion segment are not well defined in the literature. Magnetic resonance imaging and functional radiography of the lumbar spine were analyzed to examine the relations among segmental instability, facet joint osteoarthritis, and disc degeneration in patients with degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine. Seventy consecutive patients (mean age, 46 years) had both magnetic resonance imaging and flexion and extension radiographs of the lumbar spine. The lumbar instability was classified into abnormal tilting on flexion, rotatory instability in the sagittal plane, and translatory instability. Translatory instability was subdivided into anterior, posterior, and anteroposterior translatory instability. Disc degeneration as seen on T2-weighted sagittal images was classified into five grades. Facet joint osteoarthritis as seen on axial T1-weighted images was divided into four grades. This study revealed that the kinematics of the lumbar motion segment are affected by disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. Abnormal tilting movement on flexion and anteroposterior translatory instability both had negative associations with facet joint osteoarthritis. However, anterior translatory instability was positively associated with disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. Rotatory instability in the sagittal plane and posterior translatory instability were not associated with disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis.
Observability analysis of piece-wise constant systems. II. Application to inertial navigation in-flight alignment (military applications) (1992)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.28, no.4, p.1056-67, Oct. 1992. The method of analyzing the observability of time-varying linear systems as piecewise constant systems (PWCS) is applied to the analysis of in-flight alignment (IFA) of inertial navigation systems (INS) whose estimability is known to be enhanced by maneuvers. The validity of this approach to the analysis of IFA is proven. The analysis lays the theoretical background to, and clearly demonstrates the observability enhancement of, IFA. The analytic conclusions are confirmed by covariance simulations. Although INS IFA was handled to various degrees in the past, a comprehensive control theoretic approach to the problem is introduced. The analysis yields practical conclusions and a procedure previously unknown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Applications of protein microarrays for biomarker discovery (2008)

The search for new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of diseases continues in earnest despite dwindling success at finding novel reliable markers. Some of the current markers in clinical use do not provide optimal sensitivity and specificity, with the prostate cancer antigen (PSA) being one of many such examples. The emergence of proteomic techniques and systems approaches to study disease pathophysiology has rekindled the quest for new biomarkers. In particular the use of protein microarrays has surged as a powerful tool for large-scale testing of biological samples. Approximately half the reports on protein microarrays have been published in the last two years especially in the area of biomarker discovery. In this review, we will discuss the application of protein microarray technologies that offer unique opportunities to find novel biomarkers.
Platelet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

Insulin resistance is a uniform finding in type 2 diabetes, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. These complications are associated with dysfunction of platelets and the neurovascular unit. Platelets are essential for hemostasis, and knowledge of their function is basic to understanding the pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes. Intact healthy vascular endothelium is central to the normal functioning of smooth muscle contractility as well as its normal interaction with platelets. What is not clear is the role of hyperglycemia in the functional and organic microvascular deficiencies and platelet hyperactivity in individuals with diabetes. The entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional in diabetes. Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 favor both thrombosis and defective dissolution of clots once formed. Platelets in type 2 diabetic individuals adhere to vascular endothelium and aggregate more readily than those in healthy people. Loss of sensitivity to the normal restraints exercised by prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) generated by the vascular endothelium presents as the major defect in platelet function. Insulin is a natural antagonist of platelet hyperactivity. It sensitizes the platelet to PGI(2) and enhances endothelial generation of PGI(2) and NO. Thus, the defects in insulin action in diabetes create a milieu of disordered platelet activity conducive to macrovascular and microvascular events.
VIBROTACTILE FEEDBACK FOR HANDLING VIRTUAL CONTACT IN IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS (2001)

This paper addresses the issue of improving a user&apos;s perception of contacts they make with virtual objects in virtual environments. Because these objects have no physical component, the user&apos;s perceptual understanding of the material properties of the object, and of the nature of the contact, is hindered, often limited solely to visual feedback. Many techniques for providing haptic feedback to compensate for the lack of touch in virtual environments have been designed and implemented. These systems have increased our understanding of the nature of how humans perceive contact. However, providing effective, general-purpose haptic feedback solutions has proven illusive. We propose a more-holistic approach, incorporating feedback to several modalities in concert. We describe a lowcost, prototype system we have developed for delivering vibrotactile feedback to the user, discuss different parameters that can be manipulated in order to provide different sensations, and propose ways in which this simple feedback can be combined with feedback to other modalities to create a better understanding of virtual contact. 1.
New Insights into Lamellar Structure Development and SAXS/WAXD Sequence Appearance during Uniaxial Stretching of Amorphous Poly(ethylene terephthalate) above Glass Transition Temperature (2008)

An in situ study of structure formation in amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) during uniaxial stretching at a temperature 30 °C above glass transition temperature was carried out using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Three major deformation-induced structure transitions were confirmed. (1) At small strains, the applied load increased initially but leveled off afterward. Sporadic isotropic crystallization without preferred orientation was observed by WAXD, where no hierarchical structure was seen by SAXS. (2) At intermediate strains, strain hardening took place. Although WAXD showed persistent progression of isotropic crystallization, SAXS indicated formation of a layered structure as well as a fibrillar domain in large scale. This behavior is not consistent with the mechanisms for shish-kebab or spinodal-assisted structure formation. Instead, it can be explained by flow-induced demixing of crystal and amorphous phases through layerlike flocking motion perpendicular to the stretching direction. (3) At high strains, the ratio between the applied load and strain was about constant. In this stage, crystal reorientation and lateral crystal growth took place. The corresponding structure changes could be categorized into three subregions. In the first region, the (010) crystalline plane began to orient. In the second region, the (100) crystalline plane began to orient. In the last region, the structure change became stable and the sample eventually broke apart.
Effects of oral adenosine-5′-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery in resistance-trained men (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01508338.
Vinylcarbonates and vinylcarbamates: Biocompatible monomers for radical photopolymerization (2010)

Abstract The last decade has seen a remarkable interest in the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering. The fabrication of 3D scaffolds by lithography‐based additive manufacturing technology (AMT) represents an appealing approach. As poly(lactic acid), the state of the art biocompatible and biodegradable material, cannot be processed by these photopolymerization‐based techniques, it has so far been necessary to use selected (meth)acrylates. By developing new photopolymers based on vinyl carbonates and vinyl carbamates as a reactive group we have been able to avoid most of the disadvantages of classical (meth)acrylate‐based photopolymers. The new generation of biocompatible monomers show low cytotoxicity, have good storage stability, and are sufficiently photoreactive to be structured by lithography based AMT. The mechanical properties and rates of degradation of the polymers can be easily tuned over a broad range. Degradation results in the formation of nonacidic and nontoxic degradation products of low molecular weight that can be easily transported within the human body. Initial in vivo tests showed significant osseointegration of the 3D cellular scaffolds and no signs of implant rejection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011