gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of ULK conduction mechanisms and TDDB characteristics for Cu interconnects with and without CoWP metal cap at 32nm technology (2010)

As the current-carrying capability of a copper line is reduced due to interconnect dimension shrinkage, self-aligned CoWP metal-cap has been reported to be helpful to improve degraded electromigration (EM) reliability. However, adoption of this new metal cap in general further exacerbates the already problematic low-k dielectric TDDB reliability at 32nm and beyond. This paper provides a comparative study of ULK conduction mechanisms over a wide range of temperature (30°C to 295°C) and TDDB acceleration kinetics at 125°C for Cu interconnects with and without CoWP metal cap at 32nm technology. It was found that adding CoWP didn't change the fundamental ULK leakage conduction mechanism and TDDB kinetics if its process was optimized. Comparable leakage and TDDB performance were achieved with an optimized CoWP process.
Development of a High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization DNA Cleavage Assay for the Identification of FEN1 Inhibitors (2013)

Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) is a highly conserved metallonuclease and is the main human flap endonuclease involved in the recognition and cleavage of single-stranded 5′ overhangs from DNA flap structures. The involvement of FEN1 in multiple DNA metabolism pathways and the identification of FEN1 overexpression in a variety of cancers has led to interest in FEN1 as an oncology target. In this article, we describe the development of a 1536-well high-throughput screening assay based on the change in fluorescence polarization of a FEN1 DNA substrate labeled with Atto495 dye. The assay was subsequently used to screen 850 000 compounds from the AstraZeneca compound collection, with a Z′ factor of 0.66 ± 0.06. Hits were followed up by IC50 determination in both a concentration-response assay and a technology artifact assay.
Treatment of Dilute Manure Wastewaters by Chemical Coagulation (1994)

Results from laboratory coagulation-settling experiments using five coagulants (one inorganic salt and four organic polymers) on four dilute wastewaters (fresh manure from swine, poultry, and cattle and effluent from a swine anaerobic digester) are presented to provide chemical coagulation data for designing treatment facilities for livestock and poultry. Adjustment of pH alone was generally ineffective in promoting coagulation on all wastewaters. Values of pH above nine were effective for swine wastewater. Ferric chloride removed 60 to 70% of the volatile solids (VS) for cattle and swine at concentrations of 300 to 450 mg/L, but was less effective on poultry wastewater. Addition of organic polymers with iron salt did not improve coagulation from swine wastewater. Synthetic polymers and chitosan were excellent coagulants for all manure wastewaters but not for digester effluent. Based upon the effective concentrations to remove suspended solids from the flush waters of a 1,000-head swine finishing unit, synthetic polymers are the most cost-effective chemical coagulant, while chitosan is the least cost-effective.
Transgenic Animal Models for Detection of In Vivo Mutations (1995)

Transgenic rodent models for measuring mutations provide a tool for assessing tissue-specific mutations following in vivo treatment. These systems are based on the insertion into the rodent genome Escherichia coli lacI (lac repressor) or lacZ (beta-galactosidase) genes that serve as targets for mutations. Following in vivo treatment of animals, genomic DNA is isolated from tissues of interest, and the target gene is screened for mutations using either lambda-phage packaging or isolation of the target gene with magnetic affinity capture. In this paper we review the various experimental methods used in the conduct of transgenic mutation assays and discuss critical factors that affect the interpretations of results of these assays.
Consensus of Fractional Multi‐Agent Systems Using Distributed Adaptive Protocols (2017)

Abstract This paper is concerned with the adaptive consensus problem of fractional multi‐agent systems for both the linear and nonlinear cases. Distributed adaptive protocols are designed, respectively, for linear and nonlinear fractional multi‐agent systems, under which consensus is achieved for any undirected connected communication graph without using any global information. Furthermore, the leader‐following problem is studied as an extension. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
A new blind rate decision algorithm (2002)

In variable rate communication systems where the information of the data rate is not given to the receiver, estimating the data rate in the receiver is a very important factor in terms of determining the receiver performance. So far many algorithms estimating the received data rate have been proposed. The most popular one is the post-rate decision method using the Viterbi decoder. It causes the large power consumption due to high complexity, and requires much processing time. A new pre-rate decision method using a pre-decoder is proposed, which has a relatively simple structure in comparison with the Viterbi decoder. Compared with other existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm reduces the power consumption and increases the processing speed in the systems.
The unimportance of phase in speech enhancement (1982)

The importance of Fourier transform phase in speech enhancement is considered. Results indicate that a more accurate estimation of phase is unwarranted in speech enhancement at the S/N ratios where the intelligibility scores of unprocessed speech range from 5 to 95 percent, if the phase estimate is used to reconstruct speech by combining it with an independently estimated magnitude or to reconstruct speech using the phase-only signal reconstruction algorithm.
Fluorescent substrates for covalent protein labeling catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase (2009)

Novel small substrates with a variety of fluorophores were designed for the covalent labeling of proteins catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The new design is based on the flexibility in the substrate recognition of MTG for the substitution of the N-terminal protecting group of a conventional transglutaminase substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutaminylglycine (Z-QG). Here we report for the first time that MTG can accept diverse fluorophores (dansyl, fluorescein, and rhodamine derivatives) in place of the benzyloxycarbonyl moiety when linked via a beta-alanine or epsilon-aminocaproic acid linker. The utility of the new fluorescent substrates was demonstrated by site-specific, covalent and quantitative labeling of an MTG-reactive Lys-containing peptide tag fused to the N-terminus of a recombinant bacterial alkaline phosphatase with retention of target protein functionality.
Identification of Telomerase RNAs from Filamentous Fungi Reveals Conservation with Vertebrates and Yeasts (2013)

Telomeres are the nucleoprotein complexes at eukaryotic chromosomal ends. Telomeric DNA is synthesized by the ribonucleoprotein telomerase, which comprises a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and a telomerase RNA (TER). TER contains a template for telomeric DNA synthesis. Filamentous fungi possess extremely short and tightly regulated telomeres. Although TERT is well conserved between most organisms, TER is highly divergent and thus difficult to identify. In order to identify the TER sequence, we used the unusually long telomeric repeat sequence of Aspergillus oryzae together with reverse-transcription-PCR and identified a transcribed sequence that contains the potential template within a region predicted to be single stranded. We report the discovery of TERs from twelve other related filamentous fungi using comparative genomic analysis. These TERs exhibited strong conservation with the vertebrate template sequence, and two of these potentially use the identical template as humans. We demonstrate the existence of important processing elements required for the maturation of yeast TERs such as an Sm site, a 5' splice site and a branch point, within the newly identified TER sequences. RNA folding programs applied to the TER sequences show the presence of secondary structures necessary for telomerase activity, such as a yeast-like template boundary, pseudoknot, and a vertebrate-like three-way junction. These telomerase RNAs identified from filamentous fungi display conserved structural elements from both yeast and vertebrate TERs. These findings not only provide insights into the structure and evolution of a complex RNA but also provide molecular tools to further study telomere dynamics in filamentous fungi.
Chromodomain Helicase Binding Protein 8 (Chd8) Is a Novel A-Kinase Anchoring Protein Expressed during Rat Cardiac Development (2012)

A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) bind the regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) and localize the holoenzyme to discrete signaling microdomains in multiple subcellular compartments. Despite emerging evidence for a nuclear pool of PKA that rapidly responds to activation of the PKA signaling cascade, only a few AKAPs have been identified that localize to the nucleus. Here we show a PKA-binding domain in the amino terminus of Chd8, and demonstrate subcellular colocalization of Chd8 with RII. RII overlay and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate binding between Chd8-S and RIIα. Binding is abrogated upon dephosphorylation of RIIα. By immunofluorescence, we identified nuclear and perinuclear pools of Chd8 in HeLa cells and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. We also show high levels of Chd8 mRNA in RNA extracted from post-natal rat hearts. These data add Chd8 to the short list of known nuclear AKAPs, and implicate a function for Chd8 in post-natal rat cardiac development.
Stimulatory effects of histamine on migration of nasal fibroblasts (2015)

We showed that histamine stimulates fibroblast migration in nasal fibroblasts. This effect appeared to be mediated by HR1 and HR4. However, because fibroblast migration also can be involved in scaring and fibrosis, more research is necessary to determine the effects of antihistamine on wound healing after sinus surgery.
Application of near infrared spectroscopy in the food industry (1986)

T. Fearn, D. B. Smith, C. Starr and S. A. Halsey, Anal. Proc., 1986, 23, 123 DOI: 10.1039/AP9862300123
Integrated Hybrid Pressure Sensor Using a Piezoresistive Thickfilm Sensor Element (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">High-performance electronic systems for automotive engine control largely depend on the existence of qualified sensors. Together with actuators they determine the efficiency, reliability and also the costs of the entire system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition to the engine speed, the air flow through the intake manifold and the throttle-valve position, the absolute manifold pressure is an important input parameter for engine-control systems. Appropriate pressure transducers have to be made available for several pressure ranges, e. g. 100 kPa and 200 kPa, and packaged in suitable housings, especially as an on-board component for insertion into electronic control units.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">On the basis of thick-film technology - well established in the production of automotive microcircuits /<span class="xref">1</span>/<span class="xref">*</span> - we present a new generation of integrated hybrid pressure sensors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel thick-film process was developed, to build up self-supporting micromechanical structures of dielectric materials onto a ceramic substrate. A miniature diaphragm of about 5 mm diameter and 0.1 mm thickness can be produced by applying several screen printing and firing sequences. Together with the substrate it forms a hermetically tight, bubble-like cavity of 60 µm in height. Piezo-resistive thick-film resistors are printed on the center of the diaphragm. With a gauge factor of 15 they transform the mechanical tension, caused by changes of the ambient pressure, into an electrical signal. Both the sensor element and an electronic signal-conditioning circuit are integrated on one ceramic substrate without additional bonding. The housing, in which the hybrid circuit is mounted, consists of two parts. It is made from glass-reinforced thermoplastic material with excellent mechanical strength. The entire sensor has a weight of only 15 g.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Technology, construction details and performance of the new device are presented in this paper.</div>
PLGA nanofiber membranes loaded with epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate are beneficial to prevention of postsurgical adhesions. (2014)

Yong Cheol Shin,1,* Won Jun Yang,1,* Jong Ho Lee,1 Jin-Woo Oh,2 Tai Wan Kim,3 Jong-Chul Park,4 Suong-Hyu Hyon,5 Dong-Wook Han1 1Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Design, College of Arts, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Center for Fiber and Textile Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: This study concentrates on the development of biodegradable nanofiber membranes with controlled drug release to ensure reduced tissue adhesion and accelerated healing. Nanofibers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) loaded with epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most bioactive polyphenolic compound in green tea, were electrospun. The physicochemical and biomechanical properties of EGCG-releasing PLGA (E-PLGA) nanofiber membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, EGCG release and degradation profiles, and tensile testing. In vitro antioxidant activity and hemocompatibility were evaluated by measuring scavenged reactive oxygen species levels and activated partial thromboplastin time, respectively. In vivo antiadhesion efficacy was examined on the rat peritonea with a surgical incision. The average fiber diameter of E-PLGA membranes was approximately 300&amp;ndash;500&amp;nbsp;nm, which was almost similar to that of pure PLGA equivalents. E-PLGA membranes showed sustained EGCG release mediated by controlled diffusion and PLGA degradation over 28&amp;nbsp;days. EGCG did not adversely affect the tensile strength of PLGA membranes, whereas it significantly decreased the elastic modulus and increased the strain at break. E-PLGA membranes were significantly effective in both scavenging reactive oxygen species and extending activated partial thromboplastin time. Macroscopic observation after 1&amp;nbsp;week of surgical treatment revealed that the antiadhesion efficacy of E-PLGA nanofiber membranes was significantly superior to those of untreated controls and pure PLGA equivalents, which was comparable to that of a commercial tissue-adhesion barrier. In conclusion, the E-PLGA hybrid nanofiber can be exploited to craft strategies for the prevention of postsurgical adhesions. Keywords: nanofiber membrane, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, antiadhesion, tissue-adhesion barrierA Letter to the Editor has been received and published for this article.
Keloids and scars: a review of keloids and scars, their pathogenesis, risk factors, and management (2006)

Understanding the exact process of normal and abnormal scar formation will help define better ways to successfully manage and potentially prevent abnormal healing like hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Atlas of Fibre Fracture and Damage to Textiles (1998)

Tensile failures Fatigue Other fibre studies Textile processing and testing Case studies - clothing and domestic uses Case studies - industrial uses Fibre archaeology and textile conservation Forensic studies Textile damage in forensic investigations Medical applications.
Hygienic Chemical Studies on Public Nuisance by Injurious Gases. XI : Fundamental Studies on Removal of Nitrogen Oxides from Gases by the Treatment with Ammonia. (No. 2) : On the Mechanism of Reaction between Nitrogen Oxides and Ammonia. (1967)

In the previous paper, as a method for removal of nitrogen oxides from waste gases, the treatment with ammonia was proved to be effective. As the mechanism ofthe reaction between nitrogen oxides and ammonia in gaseous phase was unknown, the studies on the mechanism of the reaction was carried out. The reaction between nitrogen dioxide and ammonia in gaseous phase is as follows ; 2NO2+2NH3=NH4NO3+N2+H2O Nitrogen and ammonium nitrate are produced through the reaction, and so, if the ammonium nitrate is removed by some mechanical means, emmitted gas will be only nitrogen. As nitric oxide did not react with ammonia, it was oxidized to nitrogen dioxide or nitrous anhydride by air and treated with ammonia. The reaction of nitrous anhydride and ammonia is as follows ; N2O3+2NH3=NH4NO2+N2+H2O
Technology Options for Gas Turbine Power Generation With Reduced CO2 Emission (2008)

Abstract ALSTOM Power R&D laboratories run various programs aimed at finding options that reduce or avoid CO2 emissions through the following: (a) high efficiency power generation equipment to utilize fossil fuels with the lowest possible emissions, and (b) technologies to remove and sequester CO2 created in power plants in an environmentally and economically favorable manner. In this paper, an overview of ongoing CO2 mitigation activities for gas turbine power generation is addressed. Energy efficiency improvements for both new and existing fossil fuel power plants are briefly reviewed. Customer requirements for future power plants with reduced CO2 emissions are discussed. Novel power generation cycles with exhaust gas recirculation for enhanced CO2 removal are introduced and evaluated. Conclusions are drawn regarding their efficiency, energy consumption, and technical feasibility.
Effect of oligosaccharide chain length, exposed terminal group, and hapten loading on the antibody response of human adults and infants to vaccines consisting of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b capsular antigen unterminally coupled to the diphtheria protein CRM197. (1989)

Vaccines consisting of oligosaccharide (OS) derived from Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and conjugated to carrier proteins had been shown capable of eliciting memory-type capsular polysaccharide of H. influenza type b antibody responses in human infants, but the structural variables governing immunogenicity were not defined. Here a series of conjugates were made with the diphtheria protein CRM197 and with uniterminally coupled OS haptens that varied in chain length, exposed terminal residue, or multiplicity of loading as defined by ribose/protein ratio. Adults were given a single injection, 1-yr-old infants were given a two-injection sequence, and capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b antibody responses were assessed by radioantigen binding. Vaccines C-4r, C-6r, and C-12r, in which ribitol-ended OS of mean length 4, 6, or 12 repeat units were coupled at low hapten loading, were about equally immunogenic (geometric means 2 to 5 micrograms/ml in infants, 5 to 9 micrograms/ml in adults). Vaccine C7p was made with a higher loading of OS having mean length 7 repeat units and having mainly phosphate monoester at the exposed termini Vaccine C-7R was made from a portion of C-7p by enzymatic removal of most of the terminal phosphates. Compared to the C-4r, C-6r, and C-12r series, vaccines C-7p and C-7R induced geometric means about 10-fold higher in adults and 20-fold higher in infants. Thus OS chain length (in the range studied) and exposed terminus are less critical variables in this system than the extent of hapten loading.
Pyrvinium targets autophagy addiction to promote cancer cell death (2013)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process by which long-lived proteins and damaged organelles are degradated by lysosomes. Activation of autophagy is an important survival mechanism that protects cancer cells from various stresses, including anticancer agents. Recent studies indicate that pyrvinium pamoate, an FDA-approved antihelminthic drug, exhibits wide-ranging anticancer activity. Here we demonstrate that pyrvinium inhibits autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that the inhibition of autophagy is mammalian target of rapamycin independent but depends on the transcriptional inhibition of autophagy genes. Moreover, the combination of pyrvinium with autophagy stimuli improves its toxicity against cancer cells, and pretreatment of cells with 3-MA or siBeclin1 partially protects cells from pyrvinium-induced cell death under glucose starvation, suggesting that targeted autophagy addiction is involved in pyrvinium-mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, in vivo studies show that the combination therapy of pyrvinium with the anticancer and autophagy stimulus agent, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), is significantly more effective in inhibiting tumor growth than pyrvinium or 2-DG alone. This study supports a novel cancer therapeutic strategy based on targeting autophagy addiction and implicates using pyrvinium as an autophagy inhibitor in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
Using Energy-Efficient Overlays to Reduce Packet Error Rates in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (2006)

In this paper we present new energy-efficient techniques to lower the packet-level error rates of application-layer connections in wireless ad-hoc networks. In our scheme, each application-layer connection is implemented at the physical level by an overlay network. Data packets submitted at the connection source are checksummed and replicated, flowing breadth-first across the overlay network towards the destination. The destination delivers the first error-free copy of each packet, in order, to the application layer, dropping packets that are corrupt or duplicate. Specifically in this paper, we consider overlays consisting of multiple parallel node-disjoint multi-hop paths. We compare this overlay scheme with the traditional scheme in which the source transmits to the destination along a single minimum-hop path. We show that even when the two schemes are constrained by identical power consumption bounds, an overlay scheme that uses multiple multi-hop paths provides significantly lower packet-level error rates in many common situations. We describe the relationship between packet error rate, the number of paths, and the lengths of each path, and show that the qualitative nature of the relationship changes significantly, depending on available power budget.