gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient realization of parallel HEVC intra encoding (2013)

The emerging next generation video coding standard - HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) achieves more than 50% bitrate reduction in comparison with its predecessor H.264/AVC under the same visual quality, but at the expense of a substantial complexity increase. As a result, a traditional single thread encoder which operates in sequential way is difficult to be optimized to a satisfactory level, for example, a real-time HEVC codec for Ultra High Definition resolution (4Kx2K@50fps and beyond). Thus parallelism in the encoding stage must be extensively utilized to meet such requirements. In this paper, we give a full analysis of fine granularity parallelism for HEVC intra coding and exploit its maximum parallel degree in context of coding unit dependency. Then an efficient parallelization encoding strategy is proposed and implemented on x265, the first open source HEVC encoder targeted to real-time application, to demonstrate its potentiality. Experimental results show that our scheme could achieve average 502% speedup gains for different video sequences without performance loss.
Determination of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) species in environmental samples by coprecipitation with zirconium hydroxide and pre-atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (1993)

A method for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of arsenic species in environmental aqueous samples is presented. This method initially involved coprecipitation of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) with zirconium hydroxide. Subsequent investigations have been made of the volatilization of arsenic(III) based on the conversion of trivalent arsenic in solution into low-boiling arsenic trichloride by concentrated hydrochloric acid. By means of different temperature programmes, arsenic(III) can quantitatively be removed from a graphite tube coated with zirconium, while arsenic(V) quantitatively remains in the furnace up to a temperature of 1400 °C. The recoveries from environmental samples are satisfactory.
Malaria eradication: the economic, financial and institutional challenge (2008)

Malaria eradication raises many economic, financial and institutional challenges. This paper reviews these challenges, drawing on evidence from previous efforts to eradicate malaria, with a special focus on resource-poor settings; summarizes more recent evidence on the challenges, drawing on the literature on the difficulties of scaling-up malaria control and strengthening health systems more broadly; and explores the implications of these bodies of evidence for the current call for elimination and intensified control. Economic analyses dating from the eradication era, and more recent analyses, suggest that, in general, the benefits of malaria control outweigh the costs, though few studies have looked at the relative returns to eradication versus long-term control. Estimates of financial costs are scanty and difficult to compare. In the 1960s, the consolidation phase appeared to cost less than $1 per capita and, in 1988, was estimated to be $2.31 per capita (both in 2006 prices). More recent estimates for high coverage of control measures suggest a per capita cost of several dollars. Institutional challenges faced by malaria eradication included limits to the rule of law (a major problem where malaria was concentrated in border areas with movement of people associated with illegal activities), the existence and performance of local implementing structures, and political sustainability at national and global levels. Recent analyses of the constraints to scaling-up malaria control, together with the historical evidence, are used to discuss the economic, financial and institutional challenges that face the renewed call for eradication and intensified control. The paper concludes by identifying a research agenda covering: issues of the allocative efficiency of malaria eradication, especially using macro-economic modelling to estimate the benefits and costs of malaria eradication and intensified control, and studies of the links between malaria control and economic development, the costs and consequences of the various tools and mixes of tools employed in control and eradication, issues concerning the extension of coverage of interventions and service delivery approaches, especially those that can reach the poorest, research on the processes of formulating and implementing malaria control and eradication policies, at both international and national levels, research on financing issues, at global and national levels.
Requirement of Mammalian <i>Timeless</i> for Circadian Rhythmicity (2003)

Despite a central circadian role in Drosophila for the transcriptional regulator Timeless (dTim), the relevance of mammalian Timeless (mTim) remains equivocal. Conditional knockdown of mTim protein expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) disrupted SCN neuronal activity rhythms, and altered levels of known core clock elements. Full-length mTim protein (mTIM-fl) exhibited a 24-hour oscillation, where as a truncated isoform (mTIM-s) was constitutively expressed. mTIM-fl associated with the mammalian clock Period proteins (mPERs) in oscillating SCN cells. These data suggest that mTim is required for rhythmicity and is a functional homolog of dTim on the negative-feedback arm of the mammalian molecular clockwork.
Determination of Emissivities with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Emissivities with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter.R. N. Rogers and E. D. MorrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1966, 38, 3, 410–412Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60235a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60235a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Compounds related to 4-diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide. Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounds related to 4-diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide. Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activityChung H. Yen, Harman S. Lowrie, and Richard R. DeanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 11, 1131–1135Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00257a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00257a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metabolic bioactivation and drug-related adverse effects: current status and future directions from a pharmaceutical research perspective (2009)

Retrospective studies indicate that many drugs that cause clinical adverse reactions, such as hepatotoxicity, undergo metabolic bioactivation, resulting in the formation of electrophilic intermediates capable of covalently modifying biological macromolecules. A logical extension of these findings is a working hypothesis that compounds with reduced levels of bioactivation should be inherently safer drug molecules and thus have a greater likelihood of success in drug development. Whereas some research-based pharmaceutical companies have adopted a strategy of addressing metabolic bioactivation early in drug discovery, much skepticism remains on whether such an approach would enable the industry to reach the desired objectives. The debate is centered on the question of whether there is a quantitative correlation between bioactivation and the severity of drug-treatment-related toxicity, and whether covalent protein modification represents only one of several possible mechanisms underlying observed tissue injury. This communication is intended to briefly review the current understanding of drug-induced hepatotoxicity and to discuss the controversy and future directions with respect to the effort of minimizing the probability of clinical adverse reactions.
Controlling the work function of ZnO and the energy-level alignment at the interface to organic semiconductors with a molecular electron acceptor (2013)

We show that the work function (\ensuremath{\Phi}) of ZnO can be increased by up to 2.8 eV by depositing the molecular electron acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ). On metals, already much smaller \ensuremath{\Phi} increases involve significant charge transfer to F4TCNQ. No indication of negatively charged F4TCNQ on ZnO is found by photoemission spectroscopy. This fundamental difference is explained by a simple electrostatic model that identifies the bulk doping and band bending in ZnO as key parameters. Varying \ensuremath{\Phi} of the inorganic semiconductor enables tuning the energy-level alignment at ZnO/organic semiconductor interfaces.
Face as an index: Knowing who is who using a PDA (2003)

Abstract In this article, we present a PDA‐based system for extending human memory or/and information retrieval using a human face as the lookup index. The system can help a user to remember names of people whom he/she has met before and find useful information, such as names and research interests, about people whom he/she is interested in talking to. The system uses a captured face image as the lookup index to retrieve information from some available resource such as departmental directory, web sites, personal homepages, etc. We describe the development of a PDA‐based face recognition system and introduce algorithms for image preprocessing to enhance the quality of the image by sharpening focus and normalizing both lighting condition and head rotation. We use a unified LDA/PCA algorithm for face recognition. We address design issues of the interface to assist in visualization and comprehension of retrieved information. We present user study and experiment results to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13: 33–41, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10046
From post-distortion to pre-distortion for power amplifiers linearization (2003)

This letter presents a new method of digital adaptive pre-distortion for linearization of power amplifiers (PA). The method is derived from a post-distortion approach which identifies the PA inverse function. This approach leads to the minimization of a quadratic function of the polynomial coefficients in the case of a polynomial predistorter form and a least square criterion. We have compared our solution to a method previously proposed by Ghaderi (1996) that was also based on the transformation of a post-distortion into a pre-distortion system. We have tested our predistorter (along with a baseband adaptation of Ghaderi's) on OFDM Hiperlan signals. Both methods significantly reduced the signal distortion and the spectral regrowth. Our less complex approach proved to be even better for small peak back off values.
A Publish-Subscribe System for Data Replication and Synchronization Among Integrated Person-Centric Information Systems (2021)

Synchronization of data across an integrated system of heterogeneous databases is a difficult but important task, especially in the context of integrating health care information throughout a region, state, or nation. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a data replication and synchronization tool, called the Sync Engine, which allows users to define custom data-sharing patterns and transformations for an integrated system of heterogeneous person-centric databases. This thesis also discusses the relationship between the Sync Engine's contributions and several relevant issues in the area of data integration and replication. The Sync Engine's design and implementation was validated by adapting it to CHARM, a real world integrated system currently in use at the Utah Department of Health.
Intelligent Parsing of Scanned Volumes for Web Based Archives (2007)

The proliferation of digital libraries and the large amount of existing documents raise important issues in efficient handling of documents. Printed texts in documents need to be converted into digital format and semantic information need to be parsed and managed for effective retrieval. In this work, we attempt to solve the problems faced by current web based archives, where large scale repositories of electronic resources have been built from scanned volumes. Specifically, we focus on the scientific domain and target scanned volumes of scientific publications. Our goal is to automate the semantic processing of scanned volumes, an important and challenging step towards efficient retrieval of content within scanned volumes. We tackle the problem by designing a machine learning-based method to extract multi-level metadata about content of scanned volumes. We combine image and text information within scanned volumes for intelligent parsing. We developed a system and test it with real world data from the Internet Archive, and the experimental evaluation has demonstrated good results.
Symbolic layout compaction under conditional design rules (1992)

The compaction of IC layouts subjected to conditional spacing rules in multiple-level metal technology is addressed. The constraints imposed by conditional rules make the automatic compaction of layout much more difficult than when the usual minimum separation rules are applied. To solve the problem, each conditional spacing rule is formulated with a set of arcs in the constraint graph representation. It is proven that finding the optimal solution under one bridge rule is NP-complete. A graph-theory method of compaction which, by reducing the problem size, can efficiently obtain an optimal solution is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Collaborative and interactive room design on the web (2002)

Design on the Web raises challenging questions concerning how users interact with objects, applications, and other users. In this work, we propose a collaborative and interactive client-server design framework and implement a room design system for our study. We have integrated technologies used in distributed computation (Java and CORBA) and computer graphics (VRML). It divides the design process into three tiers. First, collaborative and interactive design, viewing, and publishing. Second, scene generation. Third, scene database management. Our system can be applied in Electronic Commerce to improve the existing systems by allowing customers to select furniture and to visualize the whole furnished room in 3D.
LXIII. <i>On the absorption of light by coloured media, viewed in connexion with the undulatory theory</i> (1833)

(1833). LXIII. On the absorption of light by coloured media, viewed in connexion with the undulatory theory. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 3, No. 18, pp. 401-412.
COVID-19 Contact Tracing using Blockchain (2021)

Contact tracing has widely been adopted to control the spread of Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). It enables to identify, assess, and manage people who have been exposed to COVID-19, thereby preventing from its further transmission. Today's most of the contact tracing approaches, tools, and solutions fall short in providing decentralized, transparent, traceable, immutable, auditable, secure, and trustworthy features. In this paper, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based COVID-19 contact tracing solution. Contact tracing can greatly suffice the need for a speedy response to a pandemic. We leverage the immutable and tamper-proof features of blockchain to enforce trust, accountability, and transparency. Trusted and registered oracles are used to bridge the gap between on-chain and off-chain data. With no third parties involved or centralized servers, the users' medical information is not prone to invasion, hacking, or abuse. Each user is registered using their digital medical passports. To respect the privacy of the users, their locations are updated with a time delay of 20 minutes. Using Ethereum smart contracts, transactions are executed on-chain with emitted events and immutable logs. We present details of the implemented algorithms and their testing analysis. We evaluate the proposed approach using security, cost, and privacy parameters to show its effectiveness. The smart contracts code is publicly made available on GitHub.
Azimuthal AVO: Methodology and data examples (2002)

Azimuthal AVO (AVOA) has become a popular method of fracture detection in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. Previous methods often relied on stacking the multiazimuth data into offset and azimuth bins, often using only two azimuth sectors perpendicular to each other. This can mix the data over a significant azimuth range and does not allow for meaningful error estimates. Once the data have been stacked into azimuth bins, information on azimuthal distribution is lost. Each azimuth sector is treated as if it has equal weight, even though one sector may have significantly lower fold and thus a lower signal-to-noise ratio. It has also been suggested that the results of azimuth sectoring analyses are often influenced by acquisition geometry.
An increase in telomere sister chromatid exchange in murine embryonic stem cells possessing critically shortened telomeres (2005)

Telomerase deficiency leads to a progressive loss of telomeric DNA that eventually triggers cell apoptosis in human primary cells during prolonged growth in culture. Rare survivors can maintain telomere length through either activation of telomerase or recombination-based telomere lengthening, and thus proliferate indefinitely. We have explored the possibility that telomeres may be maintained through telomere sister chromatid exchange (T-SCE) in murine telomere reverse transcriptase-deficient (mTert-/-) splenocytes and ES cells. Because telomerase deficiency leads to gradual loss of telomeric DNA in mTert-/- splenocytes and ES cells and eventually to chromosomes with telomere signal-free ends (SFEs), we examined these cell types for evidence of sister chromatid exchange at telomeres, and observed an increase in T-SCEs only in a subset of mTert-/- splenocytes or ES cells that possessed multiple SFEs. Furthermore, T-SCEs were more often detected in ES cells than in splenocytes that harbored a similar frequency of SFEs. In mTert heterozygous (mTert+/-) ES cells or splenocytes, which are known to exhibit a decrease in average telomere length but no SFEs, no increase in T-SCE was observed. In addition to T-SCE, other genomic rearrangements (i.e., SCE) were also significantly increased in mTert-/- ES cells possessing critically short telomeres, but not in splenocytes. Our results suggest that animals and cell culture differ in their ability to carry out genomic rearrangements as a means of maintaining telomere integrity when telomeres become critically shortened.
Validation of peracetic acid as a sporicide for sterilization of working surfaces in biological safety cabinets (2012)

Objectives: This study aimed to validate the use of peracetic acid as sporicide agent to decontaminate the working surface of a laminar flow biological safety cabinet (BSC), as an alternative to glutaraldehyde, including the selection of the disinfecting agent, the method of application, and the contact time. Materials and methods: The test organism was the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus atrophaeus ATCC 9372, which is a surrogate for an important infectious agent. Spore cultures were prepared from B. atrophaeus and used them to test the sporicidal efficacy of peracetic acid on a BSC stainless steel surface. The performance of the sterilant was assessed by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and by microbial challenge in conditions that mimicked surface contamination. It was used 2.0% glutaraldehyde solution as the control. Results: The range of MICs was 0.6-1.1% for the control and 0.003&amp;amp;ndash;0.006% for the 0.2% peracetic acid solution. The 0.2% peracetic acid was an effective sterilant against B. atrophaeus spores (6-7 log spores, under defined conditions of use) after 40 min contact time, which was double that recommended on the product label. Conclusion: It was conclude that while the results of official methods can help to evaluate how products will perform, they are not usually reproducible in real-life user conditions and environments. Validation tests must be carried out to ensure the efficacy and safety of surface decontamination procedures.
Selective Decomposition of Aqueous Nitrate into Nitrogen Using Iron Deposited Bimetals (2009)

In the case of the reduction of nitrate in groundwater, the problem is how to convert nitrate [N(+V)] selectively to nontoxic dinitrogen [N(O)] and not to completely reduced ammonia [N(-III)]. Unfortunately, near 100% of the total nitrogen in nitrate is reductively converted to ammonia using naked zerovalent iron (ZVI) thus far reported. In this study, deposition of noble metals (Pt, Pd, and Au) and Cu on iron surface to offer favorable pathways for nitrate reduction was fabricated using either the complete mixing orthe successive method with spontaneous redox reactions. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. The formation of N2 from the reduction of nitrate was confirmed by residual gas analyzer coupled to a high vacuum system. Based on the experimental results, the ZVI deposited Pd and Cu closely is suggested to promote the abstraction of oxygen from NOx by adsorbed atomic hydrogen on the Cu surface, and enhance N2 formation on the Pd surface. An optimum N2 selectivity of approximately 30% obtained in the alkaline solution containing nitrate using 0.3 wt.% Pd-0.5 wt% Cu/Fe is evident. For groundwater treatment, iron deposited Pd and Cu could facilitate the development of a process requiring neither a massive addition of chemicals nor complex equipment.