gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Increase in Permeability of Nuclear Envelope upon Poliovirus Infection and Accompanying Alterations of Nuclear Pores (2004)

Poliovirus and some other picornaviruses trigger relocation of certain nuclear proteins into the cytoplasm. Here, by using a protein changing its fluorescence color with time and containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS), we demonstrate that the poliovirus-triggered relocation is largely due to the exit of presynthesized nuclear protein into the cytoplasm. The leakiness of the nuclear envelope was also documented by the inability of nuclei from digitonin-permeabilized, virus-infected (but not mock-infected) cells to retain an NLS-containing derivative of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The cytoplasm-to-nucleus traffic was also facilitated during infection, as evidenced by experiments with GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), cyclin B1, and an NLS-lacking derivative of GFP, which are predominantly cytoplasmic in uninfected cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated that a bar-like barrier structure in the channel of the nuclear pores, seen in uninfected cells, was missing in the infected cells, giving the impression of fully open pores. Transient expression of poliovirus 2A protease also resulted in relocation of the nuclear proteins. Lysates from poliovirus-infected or 2A-expressing cells induced efflux of 3xEGFP-NLS from the nuclei of permeabilized uninfected cells. This activity was inhibited by the elastase inhibitors elastatinal and N-(methoxysuccinyl)-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-valine chloromethylketone (drugs known also to be inhibitors of poliovirus protease 2A), a caspase inhibitor zVAD(OMe), fmk, and some other protease inhibitors. These data suggest that 2A elicited nuclear efflux, possibly in cooperation with a zVAD(OMe).fmk-sensitive protease. However, poliovirus infection facilitated nuclear protein efflux also in cells deficient in caspase-3 and caspase-9, suggesting that the efflux may occur without the involvement of these enzymes. The biological relevance of nucleocytoplasmic traffic alterations in infected cells is discussed.
Properties of CoolMOS/sup TM/ between 420 K and 80 K-the ideal device for cryogenic applications (2003)

The electrical properties of CoolMOS/sup TM/, the first representative of a new generation of power MOSFETs, based on the concept of charge compensation, were investigated at temperatures between 80 K and 423 K. Since it unifies all the advantages of MOSFETs, where additionally higher current densities are possible, the device is not only very attractive for power electronic systems at ambient temperatures, but also for cryogenic temperatures T>77 K.
WRKY72‐type transcription factors contribute to basal immunity in tomato and Arabidopsis as well as gene‐for‐gene resistance mediated by the tomato <i>R</i> gene <i>Mi‐1</i> (2010)

WRKY transcription factors play a central role in transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant immune responses. However, due to functional redundancy, typically the contribution of individual members of this family to immunity is only subtle. Using microarray analysis, we found that the paralogous tomato WRKY genes SlWRKY72a and b are transcriptionally up-regulated during disease resistance mediated by the R gene Mi-1. Virus-induced gene silencing of these two genes in tomato resulted in a clear reduction of Mi-1-mediated resistance as well as basal defense against root-knot nematodes (RKN) and potato aphids. Using Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants, we found that their Arabidopsis ortholog, AtWRKY72, is also required for full basal defense against RKN as well as to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Despite their similar roles in basal defense against RKN in both tested plant species, WRKY72-type transcription factors in tomato, but not in Arabidopsis, clearly contributed to basal defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Of the five R genes that we tested in tomato and Arabidopsis, only Mi-1 appeared to be dependent on WRKY72-type transcription factors. Interestingly, AtWRKY72 target genes, identified by microarray analysis of H. arabidopsidis-triggered transcriptional changes, appear to be largely non-responsive to analogs of the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). Thus, similarly to Mi-1, which in part acts independently of SA, AtWRKY72 appears to utilize SA-independent defense mechanisms. We propose that WRKY72-type transcription factors play a partially conserved role in basal defense in tomato and Arabidopsis, a function that has been recruited to serve Mi-1-dependent immunity.
Decoupling of respiratory motion with wavelet and principal component analysis (2004)

The establishment of patient specific models for minimal access surgical simulation requires the acquisition and co-registration of 2D endoscope/laparoscope video with 3D tomographic data with matched physiological status. The advent of in vivo catheter tip tracking devices offers the potential for improving the robustness and accuracy of current registration techniques in the presence of tissue deformation. For bronchoscope simulation, reliable extraction of respiratory motion allows retrospective gating of the acquired tracking data so that video bronchoscope views can be grouped according to different respiratory phases. In practice, the motion data recorded is coupled with patient and respiratory motion and the decoupling of the two is not trivial. This paper presents a novel motion decoupling technique for simplifying 2D/3D registration under the influence of normal respiratory motion. Wavelet analysis has been used to identify and remove episodes due to coughing and extreme breathing patterns. The technique has been validated with data acquired from 8 subjects, demonstrating the practical value of the proposed method.
Primary structures of ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1992)

Ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 were purified to homogeneity from total protein isolated from the 50S subunit of Bacillus stearothermophilus by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Amino acid sequences of both proteins were determined by automated N-terminal sequence analysis and sequencing of internal peptides. Using oligonucleotides deduced from the N-terminal region of protein L3 as hybridization probes, a DNA fragment coding for proteins L3, L4 and the N-terminal part of protein L23 has been identified, cloned and sequenced. The organization of the genes is identical to that found in the S10 operon of Escherichia coli. Comparison of the sequences of proteins L3 and L4 with those of other organisms revealed that all proteins of the L3 family are highly conserved. On the other hand, the archaebacterial L4 proteins show no significant sequence similarity to the E. coli L4 protein whereas the L4 protein of B. stearothermophilus is significantly similar to all of the L4 proteins and thus justifies the membership of all the L4 proteins in one protein family. The results are discussed with respect to the phylogenetic relationship between eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes and possible functional domains of proteins L3 and L4.
Quantum well intermixing of indium gallium arsenide(phosphorus)/indium phosphorus heterostructures. (2001)

This thesis studies several aspects of the interdiffusion of InGaAs(P)/InP quantum well (QW) heterostructures, from the fundamental defect mechanisms, through optimization of processing parameters, to novel device applications. Conclusions from each of these areas have been drawn which further the scientific understanding and the manufacturability of the technique. The thermal stability of a series of different wafers is studied to highlight how poor quality of growth can cause increased interdiffusion, and to review the requirements for achieving repeatable annealing. Purposeful and controlled interdiffusion is accomplished through the introduction of excess defects into layers above the QWs, which during a subsequent anneal, diffuse through the QWs and enhance interdiffusion of atoms of the QWs with atoms of the barriers. These excess defects are introduced using two different techniques, via growth at low temperatures (LT) using chemical beam epitaxy (CBE), and via implantation of phosphorus ions. The CBE LT growth technique is new, and reported for the first time in this thesis. Characterization of the as-grown layers leads us to believe that they have an excess of phosphorus. The diffusion rate of the mobile defects which cause the intermixing is also measured, and the interdiffusion is shown to occur predominantly on the group-V sublattice. Due to many similarities between this and the results of the implantation technique, it is proposed that these mobile defects are the same for both intermixing approaches, and that the behaviour can be explained by a phosphorus interstitial mechanism. Annealing recipes for the implantation-induced technique are optimized, and the sample-to-sample reproducibility of the blueshift for this method was found to be quite good (standard deviations of ∼6 meV on blueshifts of ∼70 meV). The lateral selectivity and refractive index changes are characterized, and used in combination to create novel buried waveguide devices.
Polycrystalline diamond film flow sensor (1990)

A batch-fabricated micromachined silicon flow sensor is developed. It incorporates a selectively deposited diamond film as a thermal element. The sensor consists of a boron-doped silicon heater resistor thermally coupled to a boron-doped silicon temperature sensing resistor by a free-standing diamond film. The flow sensor works by forcing a sufficient current through the heater resistor to maintain a constant temperature at the temperature sensing resistor. The power required to keep the sensor at a constant temperature is used to obtain the velocity of the flowing medium. As flow is increased, heat is removed from the diamond film, lowering the temperature of the sensor. This causes the circuit to increase the current to the heater. The sensor appears to be a promising structure for use in corrosive or abrasive environments as well as in general flow measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning control theory for dynamical systems (1985)

Three types of learning control laws are proposed for mechanical or mechatronics systems with linear and nonlinear dynamics, which may be operated repeatedly at low cost. Given a desired output Yd over a finite time duration [0,T] and an appropriate input u0, these laws are formed by the following simple iterative processes: 1) uk+1 = uk + Ф(yd - yk), 2) uk+1 = uk + Γd/dt(yd - yk), and 3) uk+1 = uk + (.; + Γd/dt)(yd - Yk), where uk(uk+1) denotes the kth(k+1th) input, Yk the measured output at the kth operation corresponding to uk, and Ф and Γ positive definite constant gain matrices. It is shown that the first law 1) with an appropriate gain matrix Ф is convergent in the sense that Yk(t) approaches Yd(t) as k → ∞ in the meaning of L2[0,T] norm if the objective system is linear and strictly positive. The same conclusion is also proved when the system is subject to a linear time-invariant or time-varying mechanical system. In addition, a rough sketch of the convergency proof of the second and third learning control laws is presented for a class of linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. Finally some discussions on potential applicabilities of these learning methods for robot controls are given.
Learning in massively parallel nets (1986)

The human brain is very different from a conventional digital computer. It relies on massive parallelism rather than raw speed and it stores long-term knowledge by modifying the way its processing elements interact rather than by setting bits in a passive, general purpose memory. It is robust against minor physical damage and it learns from experience instead of being explicitly programmed. We do not yet know how the brain uses the activities of neurons to represent complex, articulated structures, or how the perceptual system turns the raw input into useful internal representations so rapidly. Nor do we know how the brain learns new representational schemes. But over the past few years there have been a lot of new and interesting theories about these issues. Much of the theorizing has been motivated by the belief that the brain is using computational principles which could also be applied to massively parallel artificial systems, if only we knew what the principles were.

In the talk, I shall focus on the issue of learning. Early research on perceptrons and associative nets (or matrix memories) showed how to set the weights of the connections between input units and output units so that a pattern of activity on the input units would cause the desired pattern of activity on the output units. A variant, called the auto-associative net, did not distinguish between input and output units. It modified the weights of pairwise inter-connections among the units to ensure that any sufficiently large part of a stored pattern could recreate the rest. Recently, Hopfield has developed an interesting way of analyzing the behavior of iterative, auto-associative nets, but research on simple associative networks is generally of limited interest because most interesting tasks are too complex to be performed by auto-association or by direct connections from the input units to the output units. Many intervening layers of units are generally required and the tough learning problem is to decide how to use these hidden units. The reason this is so difficult is that we are requiring the network to invent its own representational scheme, and the space of possible schemes is immense, even if we restrict ourselves to those that can be implemented conveniently in networks of neuron-like units.
Édito (2009)

Saviez-vous que les institutions européennes craignent de connaître dans les prochaines années une pénurie d’interprètes, notamment en langue française ? Au point que la Direction Générale de l’interprétation de la Commission a récemment lancé une grande campagne de sensibilisation, n’hésitant pas à ouvrir un canal sur Daily Motion et You Tube pour inciter les éventuels postulants à « découvrir une carrière prestigieuse au cœur de la politique européenne » et que le directeur général, M. Marc...
Viral, Quality, and Junk Videos on YouTube: Separating Content from Noise in an Information-Rich Environment. (2008)

With the rise of web 2.0 there is an ever-expanding source of interesting media because of the proliferation of usergenerated content. However, mixed in with this is a large amount of noise that creates a proverbial “needle in the haystack” when searching for relevant content. Although there is hope that the rich network of interwoven metadata may contain enough structure to eventually help sift through this noise, currently many sites serve up only the “most popular” things. Identifying only the most popular items can be useful, but doing so fails to take into account the famous “long tail” behavior of the web—the notion that the collective effect of small, niche interests can outweigh the market share of the few blockbuster (i.e. most-popular) items—thus providing only content that has mass appeal and masking the interests of the idiosyncratic many. YouTube, for example, hosts over 40 million videos— enough content to keep one occupied for more than 200 years. Are there intelligent tools to search through this information-rich environment and identify interesting and relevant content? Is there a way to identify emerging trends or “hot topics” in addition to indexing the long tail for content that has real value?
Der synthetische Aufbau der Harnsäure, des Xanthins, Theobromins, Theophyllins und Caffeïns aus der Cyanessigsäure (1900)

o f f bei Einwirkung von Natronlauge unter vorausgegangener Isomerisation der Thioharnstoff.In dem alkalischen Waschwasser liessen sich nur geringe Meogeii von
Link-time optimization of ARM binaries (2004)

The overhead in terms of code size, power consumption and execution time caused by the use of precompiled libraries and separate compilation is often unacceptable in the embedded world, where real-time constraints, battery life-time and production costs are of critical importance. In this paper we present our link-time optimizer for the ARM architecture. We discuss how we can deal with the peculiarities of the ARM architecture related to its visible program counter and how the introduced overhead can be eliminated to a large extent. Our link-time optimizer is evaluated in two tool chains. In the Arm Developer Suite tool chain, average code size reductions with 14.6% are achieved, while execution time is reduced with 8.3% on average, and energy consumption with 7.3%. On binaries from the GCC tool chain the average code size reduction is 16.6%, execution time is reduced with 12.3% and the energy consumption with 11.5% on average. Finally, we show how the incorporation of link-time optimization in tool chains may influence library interface design.
Pencil-Beam Full-Space Scanning 2D CRLH Leaky-Wave Antenna Array (2007)

A novel pencil-beam, full-space scanning 2D composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array is proposed. The proposed array achieves the same performance of conventional phase array antennas in a simpler manner. Moreover, array elements are fed by a CRLH infinite-wavelength series power divider and therefore the separation between array elements and the number of array element can be extended arbitrary. The CRLH series power divider eliminates the requirement of complex and high loss feeding networks commonly found in conventional arrays. Experimental results of each system components are presented along with analytical and simulation results of the complete array system.
Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cell Differentiation (1992)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
DISTURBANCES IN MV DISTRIBUTION LINES FEEDING DC RAILWAY INSTALLATIONS: CHARACTERISTICS, SIMULATION AND MITIGATION (2007)

The paper deals with harmonic supply voltage evaluation of a railway rectifying substation (ESS) connected to distribution feeder and it refers to a real case study. The main goal of this paper is to conduct a deep frequency analysis in order to evaluate the harmonic distortion of the ESS supply voltage and to outline the resonance frequencies among the reactive elements of the network, establishing also how these frequencies are modified consequently to tuned filter insertion. This analysis has been carried out considering different load conditions and some numerical simulations are performed using the ATP program. Moreover some indications of the filter sizing are provided, after an interesting comparison with the actual standard.
Library-less synthesis for static CMOS combinational logic circuits (1997)

Traditional synthesis techniques optimize CMOS circuits in two phases: i) logic minimization and ii) library mapping phase. Typically, the structures and the sizes of the gates in the library are chosen to yield good synthesis results over many blocks or even for an entire chip. Consequently this approach precludes an optimal design of individual blocks which may need custom structures. The authors present a new transistor level technique that optimizes CMOS circuits both structurally and size-wise. The technique is independent of a library and hence can explore a design space much larger than that possible due to gate level optimization. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in circuit performance of the resynthesized circuits.
The Semantic Web: the roles of XML and RDF (2000)

XML and RDF are the current standards for establishing semantic interoperability on the Web, but XML addresses only document structure. RDF better facilitates interoperation because it provides a data model that can be extended to address sophisticated ontology representation techniques. We explain the role of ontologies in the architecture of the Semantic Web. We then briefly summarize key elements of XML and RDF, showing why using XML as a tool for semantic interoperability will be ineffective in the long run. We argue that a further representation and inference layer is needed on top of the Web's current layers, and to establish such a layer, we propose a general method for encoding ontology representation languages into RDF/RDF schema. We illustrate the extension method by applying it to Ontology Interchange Language, an ontology representation and inference language.
The Effect of 800 MeV Proton Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Tungsten (2002)

For the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) and the Accelerator Driven Transmutation Facility (ADTF), tungsten is being proposed as a target material to produce neutrons. Previous work has shown that the mechanical properties of tungsten are degraded from irradiation in a fission neutron flux but little work has been performed on the irradiation of tungsten in a high energy proton beam. In this study, tungsten rods were irradiated at the 800 MeV Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) proton accelerator for six months. To avoid corrosion during irradiation, the rods were slip fit with thin (0.25 mm thick) 304L stainless steel (SS) or (0.125 mm thick) annealed Alloy 718 tubing. After irradiation to a maximum dose in the tungsten of 23.3 dpa at Tirr=50–270°C, the clad rods were opened in the hot cells and the tungsten was removed. The tungsten was then sliced into short compression specimens (∼ 3 mm long). Hardness tests and compression tests were performed on the tungsten rods to assess the effect of irradiation on their mechanical properties. Results show an increase in hardness with dose and irradiation temperature and an increase in yield stress with dose.
Mycolic Acid Analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Identification of<i>Mycobacterium</i>Species (2001)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis and can be accurately detected by laboratories using commercial genetic tests. Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) causing other mycobacterioses can be difficult to identify. The identification processes are confounded by an increasing diversity of newly characterized NTM species. The ubiquitous nature of NTM, combined with their potential to be opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised as well as nonimmunodeficient patients, further complicates the problem of their identification. Since clinical case management varies depending on the etiologic agent, laboratories must identify the species in a timely manner. However, only a few identification methods can detect the species diversity within the Mycobacterium genus. Over the last decade, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the mycolic acids has become an accepted method for identification of mycobacteria. In this review, we assess its development and usefulness as an identification technique for Mycobacterium species.
Phase Shifting of the Circadian Clock by Induction of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>period</i> Protein (1994)

Virtually all organisms manifest circadian (24-hour) rhythms, governed by an ill-defined endogenous pacemaker or clock. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Drosophila melanogaster period gene product PER is a clock component. If PER were central to the time-keeping mechanism, a transient increase in its concentration would cause a stable shift in the phase of the clock. Therefore, transgenic flies bearing a heat-inducible copy of PER were subjected to temperature pulses. This treatment caused long-lasting phase shifts in the locomotor activity circadian rhythm, a result that supports the contention that PER is a bona fide clock component.