gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting query performance on the web (2010)

Predicting the performance of web queries is useful for several applications such as automatic query reformulation and automatic spell correction. In the web environment, accurate performance prediction is challenging because measures such as clarity that work well on homogeneous TREC-like collections, are not as effective and are often expensive to compute. We present Rank-time Performance Prediction (RAPP), an effective and efficient approach for online performance prediction on the web. RAPP uses retrieval scores, and aggregates of the rank-time features used by the document- ranking algorithm to train regressors for query performance prediction. On a set of over 12,000 queries sampled from the query logs of a major search engine, RAPP achieves a linear correlation of 0.78 with [email protected], and 0.52 with [email protected] Analysis of prediction accuracy shows that hard queries are easier to identify while easy queries are harder to identify.
Direct Observation of Smectic Layers in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals (2012)

We demonstrate subnanometer resolution cryo-TEM imaging of smectic layers in the smectic and nematic phases of two bent-core liquid crystals. Our results show perfect periodicity over several hundred layers in the smectic phase and also provide the first direct evidence of smectic clusters on length scales of 30-50 nm in a nematic liquid crystal. The results are corroborated with small angle x-ray scattering measurements. The observation of smectic clusters in the nematic phase is of special interest in bent-core liquid crystals, where the smectic clusters are stable over wide temperature ranges, in contrast to the well-known pretransitional "cybotactic" clusters that appear only in the vicinity of a bulk smectic phase. The means to characterize and manipulate this nanoscale molecular order could open up completely new liquid crystal-based technologies.
Determination of 2-D velocity vectors using color Doppler ultrasound (2002)

Color Doppler flow images were obtained from two beam directions, and the velocity vectors in the flow field were computed for each pixel point. The technique was applied to an end-to-side anastomosis model. As expected, the directions of velocity vectors change gradually as flow travels through the anastomosis. Highly skewed velocity profiles along with a stagnant flow region were visualized across the lumen of the host artery. High radial velocity components associated with the secondary flow were clearly revealed about 1-2 diameters downstream from the junction. Based on a single Doppler image, this region with radial flow could be incorrectly integrated as a region with high axial velocities. The vector computation clearly resolved this problem. True velocity magnitudes were then used to create color flow images independent of the Doppler angle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamics of Texture Transitions in Cholesteric-Nematic Mixtures (1974)

Abstract Several time-dependent electro-optical properties of a cholesteric-nematic mixture have been investigated. In particular, the dynamics of the Grandjean ⇆⇆ focal conic texture transitions have been characterized. A cholesteric-nematic mixture was used comprising molecules having a net tendency to align with their long axes perpendicular to the applied field, allowing the study of the field induced focal conic →→ Grandjean transition. D.C. electro-hydrodynamic effects were employed in the investigation of the Grandjean →→ focal conic transition. The driven and relaxation properties of the electro-hydrodynamic induced transition are described. Also, the memory properties of intermediate textures of this transition are discussed. Thickness is found to play a crucial role in the relaxation of the textures. The time to achieve the electro-hydrodynamic induced texture transition (Grandjean →→ focal conic) is found to be controlled in a non-linear fashion by applied voltage and only weakly by current. For the field induced focal conic →→ Grandjean transition, it is determined that the transition time varies inversly with the cube of the applied voltage in the material studied. Furthermore, the transition time is found to be a strong function of sample composition, increasing rapidly with cholesteric content.
Blood-Borne Macrophage–Neural Cell Interactions Hitchhike on Endosome Networks for Cell-Based Nanozyme Brain Delivery (2012)

Facilitated transfer of nanozyme from cell to cell can improve neuroprotection against oxidative stress commonly seen during neurodegenerative disease processes.
Grid-Forming Inverters: Are They the Key for High Renewable Penetration? (2019)

In regions such as Hawai'i, South Australia, Tasmania, Texas, and Ireland, power systems are commonly experiencing instantaneous penetration levels of inverter-based power sources (IBPSs) such as wind, solar photovoltaics (PV), and battery storage in excess of 50-60% relative to system demands.
Automatic Drusen Quantification and Risk Assessment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration on Color Fundus Images (2013)

A machine learning system capable of separating high-risk from low-risk patients with nonadvanced AMD by providing accurate detection and quantification of drusen, was developed. The proposed method allows for quick and reliable diagnosis of AMD, opening the way for large dataset analysis within population studies and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis.
Why are most buildings rectangular? (2006)

The constraints of packing rooms together, and the flexibility of dimensioning allowed by rectangular arrangements, explain the predominance of the right angle in architectural plans.
Parallel image processing system-a modular architecture using dedicated image processing modules and a graphics processor (2002)

The authors present the dedicated hardware features of an image processing system. The system is based on a modular architecture where all modules are independent of each other. A convolver implementation is given as an example of this approach. The hardware oriented image processing system is designed around a graphics processor. The system consists of a number of processing modules to enhance the performance of typical image processing applications in real-time and uses video RAM and dual-port RAM to enhance the system speed. The proposed design is a real-time image processing system. The novel feature of this architecture is that the algorithm used to generate the output data is programmable and uses separate dedicated image processing modules. These are combined to form a dedicated processing element (PE) which performs a range of tasks, eg, averaging, filtering, edge detection, scaling, point enhancement and thresholding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interconnections of CLN3, Hook1 and Rab proteins link Batten disease to defects in the endocytic pathway (2004)

The endosomal/lysosomal transmembrane protein CLN3 is mutated in the Batten disease (juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, JNCL). However, the molecular mechanism of JNCL pathogenesis and the exact function of the CLN3 protein have remained unclear. Previous studies have shown that deletion of BTN1, the yeast orthologue of CLN3, leads to increased expression of BTN2. BTN2 encodes Btn2p, a proposed homologue to a novel microtubule-binding protein Hook1, which regulates endocytosis in Drosophila. We analysed here the putative interconnection between CLN3 and Hook1 in the mammalian cells and discovered that overexpression of human CLN3 induces aggregation of Hook1 protein, potentially by mediating its dissociation from the microtubules. Using in vitro binding assay we were able to demonstrate a weak interaction between Hook1 and the cytoplasmic segments of CLN3. We also found receptor-mediated endocytosis to be defective in CLN3-deficient JNCL fibroblasts, connecting CLN3, Hook1 and endocytosis in the mammalian system. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Hook1 physically interacts with endocytic Rab7, Rab9 and Rab11, hence delineating a manifold role for mammalian Hook1 in membrane trafficking events. These novel interactions between the microtubule-binding Hook1 and the large family of Rab GTPases also suggest a link between CLN3 function, microtubule cytoskeleton and endocytic membrane trafficking.
Reading Disabilities Related to Word Recognition: Underlying Deficits and Diagnostic Approaches (2002)

This article provides an overview of the underlying core deficits (i.e., phonological processing, rapid naming speed, and the "double deficit" hypothesis) believed to be associated with reading disabilities in the word recognition area. In order to emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis, examples of appropriate intervention strategies for the different deficit areas are presented. This is followed by a general discussion of current assessment practices. Although school systems typically utilize IQ-achievement discrepancy analysis for identifying reading disabilities in children, this procedure appears to have a number of shortcomings. Alternative approaches for identifying children with reading disabilities related to word recognition are offered.
Maternal Oxytocin Triggers a Transient Inhibitory Switch in GABA Signaling in the Fetal Brain During Delivery (2006)

We report a signaling mechanism in rats between mother and fetus aimed at preparing fetal neurons for delivery. In immature neurons, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. We found that, shortly before delivery, there is a transient reduction in the intracellular chloride concentration and an excitatory-to-inhibitory switch of GABA actions. These events were triggered by oxytocin, an essential maternal hormone for labor. In vivo administration of an oxytocin receptor antagonist before delivery prevented the switch of GABA actions in fetal neurons and aggravated the severity of anoxic episodes. Thus, maternal oxytocin inhibits fetal neurons and increases their resistance to insults during delivery.
THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TIMOLOL MALEATE AND DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE (1987)

Twenty-one patients on long-term treatment with topical timolol maleate and dipivefrin hydrochloride were studied to assess the effect of each agent when used in combined therapy. The two agents are partially additive in most patients, but the relative contribution of each agent varies widely in individual patients and in separate diagnostic categories.
Magnetic grain size reduction by using oxygen exposure process onto very thin islandlike WCr seedlayer in longitudinal recording media (2002)

To reduce the grain size and the media noise in CoCrPtB/CrMo longitudinal media, a sputtering process which includes the exposure of oxygen onto the surface of a very thin (0.5 nm) WCr50 seedlayer has been developed. The purpose of oxygen exposure onto the seedlayer surface is to enhance the nucleation sites of the seedlayer. It is found that (a) the exposure of 25 and 100 L (1 L corresponds to the adsorption of one layer of the oxygen atom when the sample is exposed to oxygen atmosphere) of oxygen onto the seedlayer reduces the mean grain diameter of the magnetic film from 8.3 to 7.5 and to 7.0 nm, respectively, (b) the exposure of 25 and 100 L of oxygen onto the seedlayer decreases the media noise by 15% and 45% and improves the media signal to noise ratio by 1.5 and 5 dB, respectively.
Initial Tests with a New Cardiac Assist Device (1999)

Before, during, and after cardiac intervention, there is occasionally a need for circulatory support because of hemodynamic deterioration. For this purpose, a new minimally invasive cardiac assist device has been developed, and an early prototype has been studied in a bench test and in three pigs. The pump is a catheter system with a distal motor driven propeller (0-15,000 rpm) surrounded by a cage. The catheter was first tested in a tube in a water bath, where efficiency with respect to pressure generation and flow properties was measured. In the pig experiments, the pump was placed in the descending part of the aorta via a graft, and hemodynamic effects were recorded with three different propellers. The bench tests showed a velocity dependent pressure generation in the tube to the second power of the rpm, and 30 cm of water (> 22 mm Hg) could easily be achieved with all propellers. A pressure dependent flow in the tube was observed, with maximum flows of 20 L at 12,000 rpm and 27 L at 15,000 rpm. In the animal experiments, there was a velocity dependent mean pressure difference across the propeller, with up to 48 mm of mercury for the biggest propeller. An increase in cardiac output in all of the pigs was observed as well as a drop in pressure in the proximal part of the aorta. This study demonstrates the efficiency of this new device in vitro and in vivo. Hemodynamic changes are pronounced and are related to the speed and size of the propeller.
ECM stiffness primes the TGFβ pathway to promote chondrocyte differentiation (2012)

Cells encounter physical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in a microenvironment replete with biochemical cues. However, the mechanisms by which cells integrate physical and biochemical cues to guide cellular decision making are not well defined. Here we investigate mechanisms by which chondrocytes generate an integrated response to ECM stiffness and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), a potent agonist of chondrocyte differentiation. Primary murine chondrocytes and ATDC5 cells grown on 0.5-MPa substrates deposit more proteoglycan and express more Sox9, Col2α1, and aggrecan mRNA relative to cells exposed to substrates of any other stiffness. The chondroinductive effect of this discrete stiffness, which falls within the range reported for articular cartilage, requires the stiffness-sensitive induction of TGFβ1. Smad3 phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity are specifically increased in cells grown on 0.5-MPa substrates. ECM stiffness also primes cells for a synergistic response, such that the combination of ECM stiffness and exogenous TGFβ induces chondrocyte gene expression more robustly than either cue alone through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. In this way, the ECM stiffness primes the TGFβ pathway to efficiently promote chondrocyte differentiation. This work reveals novel mechanisms by which cells integrate physical and biochemical cues to exert a coordinated response to their unique cellular microenvironment.
An achievable region and outer bound for the Gaussian broadcast channel with feedback (Corresp.) (1984)

A deterministic coding scheme is presented for additive white Gaussian broadcast channels with two receivers and feedback from the receivers to the transmitter. The region of data rates at which reliable communication is possible is larger than that of the corresponding channel without feedback. This is the first example showing that the capacity region of degraded broadcast channels can be enlarged with feedback.
Mechanisms of Ischemic Injury Are Different in the Steatotic and Normal Rat Liver (2000)

Hepatic steatosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality after liver resection and transplantation. Although apoptosis is a key mechanism of reperfusion injury in the normal liver, the pathway leading to cell death in steatotic hepatocytes is unknown. A model of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in fatty and lean Zucker rats was used. Fatty animals had increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release and decreased survival after 60 minutes of ischemia compared with lean animals. Apoptosis was the predominant form of cell death in the lean rats (82%), whereas necrosis was minimal. In contrast, fatty animals developed only moderate amounts of apoptosis but showed massive necrosis (73%) after 24 hours of reperfusion. Intracellular mediators of apoptosis, such as caspase 8, caspase 3, and cytochrome c, were significantly lower in the steatotic than in the lean liver indicating dysfunction in activation of the apoptotic pathway. The high percentage of necrosis in the steatotic rats was associated with renal acute tubular necrosis after 24 hours of reperfusion in the fatty, but not in lean rats. Caspase inhibition significantly decreased reperfusion injury in lean animals, but was ineffective in fatty animals. The results indicate that the increased susceptibility of fatty livers to reperfusion injury is associated with a change from an apoptotic form of cell death to necrosis. We conclude that new therapeutic strategies are necessary in the fatty liver.
Interface to Network Security Functions Demo Outline Design (2015)

This document describes the outline design of an Interface to network
Security Functions (I2NSF) demo, aim to enhance understanding of the
I2NSF architecture and justify its feasibility. The I2NSF demo enables
the interaction between I2NSF client, I2NSF controller and NSF/vNSF by
using NETCONF protocol and YANG model. The advantage of it is to
ensure that such demo outline design will be able to share and reuse
consensually designed functions, thereby increasing interoperability.
Extraction of Uranium from Australian Ores (1983)

Australia has 20% of the world's reasonably assured, low cost uranium resources and in 1982, produced about 4500 t U. There are two operating mills at Jabiru (Ranger) and Nabarlek, both in the Alligator Rivers region of the Northern Territory. Environmental impact statements have been submitted for another eight projects. Although a majority of the projects employ fairly conventional technology, a number of recent developments have been incorporated in some proposals. These include semi-autogenous grinding, in situ leaching, pug leaching, use of Caro's acid as an oxidant, belt filtration and resin-in-pulp processing. Technical aspects of Australian proposals are examined in the light of worldwide trends in the hydro-metallurgy industry.
Electroluminescence of ZnS Lumocen Devices Containing Rare-Earth and Transition-Metal Fluorides (1969)

ZnS LUMOCEN (luminescence from molecular centers) films typically 2000-Å thick doped with rare-earth and transition-metal fluorides have been fabricated by vacuum coevaporation. Details of the fabrication techniques are presented for the 12 fluorides studied: PrF3, NdF3, SmF3, EuF3, TbF3, DyF3, HoF3, ErF3, TmF3, YbF3, CrF3, and MnF2. Concentration dependence of the brightness has been investigated for the ZnS/TbF3 device, the maximum occurring at 1.8 at.% Tb. Studies of brightness as a function of input power indicate that the ZnS/TbF3 device is the brightest with 50 foot-lamberts readily obtained. The power efficiency for ZnS:TbF3 is about 10−4. Emission spectra of the devices have been measured from 0.35 to 1.1 μ and related to known energy level schemes where possible. The intensity distributions of the spectra generally differ from those obtained by doping ZnS with the bare ions; the ZnS:CrF3 device yields a spectrum radically different from any Cr3+ luminescence previously investigated.
Electrothermal Microactuators With Peg Drive Improve Performance for Brain Implant Applications (2012)

This paper presents a new actuation scheme for in-plane bidirectional translation of polysilicon microelectrodes. The new Chevron-peg actuation scheme uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based electrothermal microactuators to move microelectrodes for brain implant applications. The design changes were motivated by specific needs identified by the <i>in vivo</i> testing of an earlier generation of MEMS microelectrodes that were actuated by the Chevron-latch type of mechanism. The microelectrodes actuated by the Chevron-peg mechanism discussed here show improved performance in the following key areas: higher force generation capability (111 <i>μ</i>N per heat strip compared to 50 <i>μ</i>N), reduced power consumption (91 mW compared to 360 mW), and reliable performance with consistent forward and backward movements of microelectrodes. Failure analysis of the Chevron-latch and the Chevron-peg type of actuation schemes showed that the latter is more robust to wear over four million cycles of operation. The parameters for the activation waveforms for Chevron-peg actuators were optimized using statistical analysis. Waveforms with a 1-ms time period and a 1-Hz frequency of operation showed minimal error between the expected and the actual movement of the microelectrodes. The new generation of Chevron-peg actuators and microelectrodes are therefore expected to enhance the longevity and performance of implanted microelectrodes in the brain. [2011-0341].
Involvement of an Asn/Val cleavage site in the production of a soluble form of a human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative cleavage site in the p55 TNF receptor chain. (1992)

Soluble forms of receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) might be important for regulating the actions of TNF. Site-directed in vitro mutagenesis was employed to examine the processing of the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor chain (TNF-R55) into soluble TNF-binding protein (TNF-R55-BP). An Asn/Val sequence close to the transmembrane region in TNF-R55 was indicated as a putative cleavage site for proteolytic processing. By mutagenesis, Asn and Val were replaced with Gly and Ala, respectively. Expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells resulted in identical binding of ligand to mutated receptors as compared to receptors not subjected to mutagenesis. Turnover rates of receptors as judged by disappearance of TNF binding capacity after inhibition of de novo protein synthesis and downregulation in response to incubation with phorbol esters were also identical between wild-type and mutated receptors. However, mutations of the cleavage site resulted in a decreased spontaneous and phorbol ester-induced release of soluble receptor (TNF-R55-BP) which was almost abolished when both Asn and Val were mutated. Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of an Asn/Val sequence for proteolytic processing of the TNF-R55 into soluble TNF-R55-BP and indicate that phorbol ester-induced downregulation of the TNF-R55 may be dissociated from proteolytic cleavage of the receptor.
Self‐processing of ribozyme‐flanked RNAs into guide RNAs <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> for CRISPR‐mediated genome editing (2013)

CRISPR/Cas9 uses a guide RNA (gRNA) molecule to execute sequence-specific DNA cleavage and it has been widely used for genome editing in many organisms. Modifications at either end of the gRNAs often render Cas9/gRNA inactive. So far, production of gRNA in vivo has only been achieved by using the U6 and U3 snRNA promoters. However, the U6 and U3 promoters have major limitations such as a lack of cell specificity and unsuitability for in vitro transcription. Here, we present a versatile method for efficiently producing gRNAs both in vitro and in vivo. We design an artificial gene named RGR that, once transcribed, generates an RNA molecule with ribozyme sequences at both ends of the designed gRNA. We show that the primary transcripts of RGR undergo self-catalyzed cleavage to generate the desired gRNA, which can efficiently guide sequence-specific cleavage of DNA targets both in vitro and in yeast. RGR can be transcribed from any promoters and thus allows for cell- and tissue-specific genome editing if appropriate promoters are chosen. Detecting mutations generated by CRISPR is often achieved by enzyme digestions, which are not very compatible with high-throughput analysis. Our system allows for the use of universal primers to produce any gRNAs in vitro, which can then be used with Cas9 protein to detect mutations caused by the gRNAs/CRISPR. In conclusion, we provide a versatile method for generating targeted mutations in specific cells and tissues, and for efficiently detecting the mutations generated.