gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Basal Protein Kinase A–Dependent Phosphorylation Drives Rhythmic Internal Ca <sup>2+</sup> Store Oscillations and Spontaneous Beating of Cardiac Pacemaker Cells (2006)

Local, rhythmic, subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (LCRs) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during diastolic depolarization in sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC) occur even in the basal state and activate an inward Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger current that affects spontaneous beating. Why SANC can generate spontaneous LCRs under basal conditions, whereas ventricular cells cannot, has not previously been explained. Here we show that a high basal cAMP level of isolated rabbit SANC and its attendant increase in protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation are obligatory for the occurrence of spontaneous, basal LCRs and for spontaneous beating. Gradations in basal PKA activity, indexed by gradations in phospholamban phosphorylation effected by a specific PKA inhibitory peptide were highly correlated with concomitant gradations in LCR spatiotemporal synchronization and phase, as well as beating rate. Higher levels of basal PKA inhibition abolish LCRs and spontaneous beating ceases. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors extends the range of PKA-dependent control of LCRs and beating rate beyond that in the basal state. The link between SR Ca2+ cycling and beating rate is also present in vivo, as the regulation of beating rate by local beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation of the sinoatrial node in intact dogs is markedly blunted when SR Ca2+ cycling is disrupted by ryanodine. Thus, PKA-dependent phosphorylation of proteins that regulate cell Ca2+ balance and spontaneous SR Ca2+ cycling, ie, phospholamban and L-type Ca2+ channels (and likely others not measured in this study), controls the phase and size of LCRs and the resultant Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger current and is crucial for both basal and reserve cardiac pacemaker function.
Surface-Active Agents for Isolation of the Core Component of Avian Myeloblastosis Virus (1972)

Sixty-one surface-active agents were evaluated in a procedure designed to assess their ability to remove the envelope from the core component of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The procedure consisted of centrifugation of intact AMV through a series of sucrose gradients each containing an upper layer of agent at one of eight concentrations between 0.01 and 10%. The effectiveness of an agent in producing AMV cores was indicated by (i) the appearance of light-scattering bands in the region of core buoyant density in gradient tubes; (ii) the range of surfactant concentration over which these bands appeared; and (iii) an electron microscopy assessment by the negative-staining technique of the relative proportion of core to non-core material in each of these bands. Six nonionic surfactants were selected by this screening method for comparison in regard to recovery of core protein and endogenous ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activity, as well as further morphologic evaluation by electron microscopy. The nonionic surfactants of the polyoxyethylene alcohol class (particularly, Sterox SL) were most effective. Nonionic surfactants of the polyoxyethylene alkylphenol class (particularly, Nonidet P-40) were also effective. Sterox SL and Nonidet P-40 each gave a more than fivefold increase in specific activity of endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and each gave a low recovery of core protein. Sterox SL did not interfere to the extent that Nonidet P-40 did in procedures which involved spectrophotometric assay at 260 nm. The use of Sterox SL resulted in the least envelope contamination of core preparations by electron microscopy examination, the most recovery of protein and endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, and a core buoyant density in sucrose of 1.27 g/ml.
Buprenorphine in long-term control of chronic pain in cancer patients (2006)

The aim of this randomized open-label prospective study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of buprenorphine in a transdermal formulation for cancer chronic pain control versus sustained-release morphine, in all cases combined with oral tramadol. A transdermal system with 35 microg/h buprenorphine was applied to the first group of patients (BT); the second group received 60 mg/day of sustained-release morphine (MT). In both groups oral tramadol was administered to a maximum of 200 mg daily, in case of need. The administration of transdermal buprenorphine versus morphine resulted in significant differences in the physical pain (P = 0.01), mental health (P = 0.03) and vitality (P = 0.001). These data indicated that the BT group showed an improvement of pain and a positive effect on the quality life.
Face detection using neural networks and image decomposition (2003)

An approach to reducing the computation time taken by fast neural nets for the searching process is presented. The principle of the divide and conquer strategy is applied through image decomposition. Each image is divided into small in size sub-images and then each one is tested separately using a fast neural network Compared to conventional and fast neural networks, experimental results show that a speed up ratio is achieved when applying this technique to locate human faces automatically in cluttered scenes. Furthermore, faster face detection is obtained by using parallel processing techniques to test the resulting sub-images at the same time using the same number of fast neural networks. Moreover, the problem of sub-image centering and normalization in the Fourier space is solved.
A CMOS Image Sensor for Multi-Level Focal Plane Image Decomposition (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An alternative image decomposition method that exploits prediction via nearby pixels has been integrated on the CMOS image sensor focal plane. The proposed focal plane decomposition is compared to the 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposition commonly used in state of the art compression schemes such as SPIHT and JPEG2000. The method achieves comparable compression performance with much lower computational complexity and allows image compression to be implemented directly on the sensor focal plane in a completely pixel parallel structure. A CMOS prototype chip has been fabricated and tested. The test results validate the pixel design and demonstrate that lossy prediction based focal plane image compression can be realized inside the sensor pixel array to achieve a high frame rate with much lower data readout volume. The features of the proposed decomposition scheme also benefit real-time, low rate and low power applications. </para>
Practical Alarm Suppression of End-to-End Virtual Circuit Connections. (2000)

This article compares two different design techniques that are conventionally used in the design of volutes for centrifugal pumps. The imbalanced forces due to the geometry of the volute need to be taken into consideration especially in centrifugal blood pumps with magnetically suspended impeller. A reduction of these forces can reduce the instability of the impeller motion as well as the power needed to counteract its influence. Volutes using the constant angular momentum (CAM) and the constant mean velocity (CMV) methods were developed and modeled numerically. The computational results on the effect of volute geometry on the performance of a centrifugal blood pump impeller for six different volutes are presented here. For volutes designed using the CAM method, model B (volute expansion angle of 3 degrees ) had the lowest radial force of 0.26 N while the pressure head generated was 12,900 Pa. For volutes designed using the CMV method, model F (1.6 m/s) had the lowest imbalanced force of 0.45 N. However, the pressure developed by this pump was also one of the lowest at 10,652 Pa. Furthermore, when the peak scalar stresses and the mean exposure time of particles for all designs were determined using Lagrangian particle tracking method, it was observed that in general, the peak scalar stresses in CAM designed volutes are lower than those designed using CMV method. The mean exposure time of particles in the pump ranged from 400 to 500 ms. The simulation results showed that the volute designed using CAM method was superior to that of a CMV volute in terms of the magnitude of the radial force and the peak scalar stresses for the same pressure head generated. Results show that the design of volutes for blood pumps should go beyond conventional empirical methods to obtain optimal results.
Coincident Lidar and Aircraft Observations of Entrainment into Thermals and Mixed Layers (1987)

Coincident observations of the daytime convective boundary layer over Oklahoma were made with the NCAR Queen Air aircraft and the University of Wisconsin ground-based lidar. The two data sets have been merged to provide a unique visual representation of the temperature, moisture, vertical velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and the momentum fluxes in a field of thermals. These data show that horizontal moisture profiles observed in thermals penetrating the entrainment zone tend to exhibit more of a top-hat profile than the corresponding temperature or vertical velocity profiles. The specific humidities observed at various heights including cloud base 1) are frequently nearly constant along the horizontal tracks within each thermal; 2) show thermal-to-thermal variability; and 3) have values nearly the same as found in the surface layer. This paper also proposes the concept of an “intromission zone” describing the zone of lateral entrainment at the edges of active thermals. For the data studied here, a lateral entrainment velocity of 0.3 m s−1 was observed.
Catecholamines and their metabolites in children with asperger and kanner syndromes (2011)

Children with Asperger and Kanner syndromes in the stable state demonstrate similar decrease in plasma norepinephrine. In the aggravated state, these changes become more expressed and are characterized by a decrease in plasma tyrosine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine and by an increase in dopamine and homovanylic acid and a decrease in excretion of norepinephrine and an increase in excretion of homovanylic acid, epinephrine and MHPG. Only in children with Kanner syndrome in the aggravated state plasma MHPG increases, excretion of tyrosine decreases and excretion of normetanephrine increases. The observed imbalance in dopamine and epinephrine/norepinephrine systems justifies combined analysis of changes in catecholamines and their metabolites levels as the most informative approach in the study of the effect of autistic disorders.
Complete Stability Analysis of Multifunction MMIC Circuits (2007)

This paper describes a systematic methodology for complete stability analysis of nonlinear microwave multifunction circuits. The proposed strategy has two different stages: the stability analysis of a nominal steady-state solution and the use of continuation techniques to efficiently determine the unstable operation ranges. The stability analysis is demanding due to the multiple loops contained in the large multifunction circuit. The first step is to check the possible fulfillment of the oscillation startup conditions at different circuit nodes followed by pole-zero identification. Given the complexity of the circuit topology, a systematic technique is necessary for the selection of the observation nodes. This has been applied at both the lumped-element schematic and the layout levels. These stability analyses have been carried out at small-signal (linear) and large-signal (nonlinear) since the multifunction circuit includes a nonlinear mixer. In the case of instability, the origin of the oscillation and its characteristics are analyzed versus the critical circuit parameters through the application of continuation techniques to the steady-state oscillatory solution. Moreover, sensitivity yield analysis and variations of environmental conditions combined with the stability techniques have also been taken into account and integrated into the design cycle. The proposed systematic approach has been successfully applied to determine and correct an oscillation of a multifunction monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit converter. It has also been proven in other multifunction circuits in the same way.
3-Keto-11,12-carbazate Derivatives of 6-0-Methylerythromycin A Synthesis and In Vitro Activity. (1996)

The 11,12-cyclic carbazate of 3-keto-6-O-methylerythromycin A (4) was prepared. This compound shows in vitro antibacterial activity comparable to erythromycin A (1) against erythromycin-susceptible organisms and increased activity against some erythromycin-resistant organisms. Using 4 as a lead, a series of analogues was prepared by acylation or alkylation of the carbazate nitrogen. Several of the N-alkylated derivatives showed dramatically improved antibacterial activity against both susceptible and resistant organisms as compared to erythromycin A.
The Transition-metal Catalyzed Dehalogenation of Aromatic Halides by NaOH–Alcohols. A Facile Method of Destroying Aromatic Polyhalides (1981)

Abstract Aromatic halides are dehalogenated by heating with NaOH in alcoholic solvents in the presence of transition metal salts, such as rhodium(III) chloride or palladium(II) acetate and triphenylphosphine. Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether was converted into diphenyl ether in 2-propanol when treated for 5 h at 355 K with a catalytic cycle of more than 80.
Synthesis and evaluation of a series of resveratrol analogues as potent anti-cancer agents that target tubulin (2015)

A series of novel diarylacrylonitrile and <i>trans</i>-stilbene analogues of resveratrol has been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. The diarylacrylonitrile analogues <b>3b</b> and <b>4a</b> exhibited the most potent anticancer activity of all the analogues synthesized in this study, with GI<sub>50</sub> values of < 10 nM against almost all the cell lines in the human cancer cell panel. Compounds <b>3b</b> and <b>4a</b> were also screened against the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, MV4-11, and were found to have potent cytotoxic properties that are likely mediated through inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Results from molecular docking studies indicate a common binding site for <b>4a</b> and <b>3b</b> on the 3,3-tubulin heterodimer, with a slightly more favorable binding for <b>3b</b> compared to <b>4a</b>; this is consistent with the results from the microtubule assays, which demonstrate that <b>4a</b> is more potent than <b>3b</b> in inhibiting tubulin polymerization in MV4-11 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that diarylacrylonitriles <b>3b</b> and <b>4a</b> may have potential as antitubulin therapeutics for treatment of both solid and hematological tumors.
Recent Advances In Photoimagable Polyimides (1985)

To date the use of photoimagable polyimide systems has been limited by lack of photo-speed, excessive volume contraction, and by shelf-life problems. These shortcomings have now been improved to the point where a practical, usable system has become available. Through the use of novel high quantum yield sensitizers, tailored to the g-line (436 nm) of the mercury spectrum, it is now possible to lower exposure times markedly and to reduce the amount of layer shrinkage that occurs in the final cure. Layers up to 70 microns and more of final cured polyimide can be photostructured at high resolution with an exposure energy of less than 1 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The system presented is particularly useful for relatively thick layer applications as, for example, alpha particle protection, but can be used also for thin layer applications with accordingly shorter exposure times.
Investigation of a Rotating Shaft with a Novel Integrated Wireless Accelerometer (2010)

Rotating shafts are the most critical components of rotating machines such as motors, pumps, engines and turbines. Due to their heavy workloads, defects are more likely to develop during operation. There are many techniques used to monitor shaft defects by analysing the vibration of the shaft as well as the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of the shaft. The signals are measured either using non-contact techniques such as laser-based measurement or indirect measurement such as the vibration on bearing housings. The advancement in low cost and low power Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) make it possible to develop an integrated wireless sensor mounted on rotating shafts directly. This can make the fault diagnosis of rotating shafts more effective as it is likely to capture more details of shaft dynamics. This paper presents a novel integrated wireless accelerometer mounted directly on a rotating shaft and demonstrates that it can effectively monitor different degree of misalignments occurring commonly in a shaft system.
Self-Organized Data-Energy-Aware Clustering and Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

In this paper we propose a clustering and routing scheme for wireless sensor networks based on a self-organizing approach. The aim of this approach is for nodes to perform an integrated emergent task (data gathering and reporting to the sink) by simply following rules based on their individual local environment. Clusterhead election is also performed in a distributed manner and is based on sensors relative residual energy and the relative amount of information that they need to send to the sink. Hence nodes are assumed to possess variable data sizes across the network. In the scheme clusters are formed, and decide on their roles in the data gathering and routing procedure. Clusters at the edge of the network identify themselves and become in charge of initiating the routing of data, whilst intermediate clusters await data from higher clusters from the edge of the network for further aggregation and forwarding towards the sink. Simulation results show that the clustering scheme is able to reduce the total amount of energy used up by the network and efficiently route data back to the sink.
Incorporation of (α-<i>P</i>-Borano)-2′,3′-dideoxycytidine 5′-Triphosphate into DNA by Drug-Resistant MMLV Reverse Transcriptase and<i>Taq</i>DNA Polymerase (2003)

The Rp-stereoisomer of 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphates of 2'-deoxycytidine (Rp-dCTPalphaB) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (Rp-ddCTPalphaB) were synthesized. Their steady-state kinetics of incorporation by ddNTP-resistant enzymes, e.g., MMLV reverse transcriptase (RT) and Taq DNA polymerase, were investigated and compared with incorporation of dCTP and ddCTP. The alpha-boranophosphate substitution in ddCTP results in a 28-fold increase in efficiency of incorporation of the Rp-ddCTPalphaB isomer by MMLV RT, yet has minimal effect on the efficiency of incorporation by Taq DNA polymerase.
Process Modeling of CO<sub>2</sub> Injection into Natural Gas Reservoirs for Carbon Sequestration and Enhanced Gas Recovery (2001)

Injection of CO2 into depleted natural gas reservoirs offers the potential to sequester carbon while simultaneously enhancing CH4 recovery. Enhanced CH4 recovery can partially offset the costs of CO2 injection. With the goal of analyzing the feasibility of carbon sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR), we are investigating the physical processes associated with injecting CO2 into natural gas reservoirs. The properties of natural gas reservoirs and CO2 and CH4 appear to favor CSEGR. To simulate the processes of CSEGR, a module for the TOUGH2 reservoir simulator that includes water, brine, CO2, tracer, and CH4 in nonisothermal conditions has been developed. Simulations based on the Rio Vista Gas Field in the Central Valley of California are used to test the feasibility of CSEGR using CO2 separated from flue gas generated by the 680 MW Antioch gas-fired power plant. Model results show that CO2 injection allows additional CH4 to be produced during and after CO2 injection.
Microsaccades and the Velocity-Amplitude Relationship for Saccadic Eye Movements (1965)

The maximum velocities of microsaccades (flicks) are an increasing function of amplitude of movement. Measured velocities fall on the extrapolation of the curve of maximum velocity versus amplitude for voluntary saccades and involuntary corrective saccades. Hence all these movements are produced by a common physiological system, or the characteristics of the movements are determined by a single dynamically limiting element.
Automatic Closed Caption Detection and Filtering in MPEG Videos for Video Structuring (2006)

Video structuring is the process of extracting temporal structural information of video sequences and is a crucial step in video content analysis especially for sports videos. It involves detecting temporal boundaries, identifying meaningful segments of a video and then building a compact representation of video content. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel mechanism to automatically parse sports videos in compressed domain and then to construct a concise table of video content employing the superimposed closed captions and the semantic classes of video shots. First of all, shot boundaries are efficiently examined using the approach of GOP-based video segmentation. Color-based shot identification is then exploited to automatically identify meaningful shots. The efficient approach of closed caption localization is proposed to first detect caption frames in meaningful shots. Then caption frames instead of every frame are selected as targets for detecting closed captions based on long-term consistency without size constraint. Besides, in order to support discriminate captions of interest automatically, a novel tool-font size detector is proposed to recognize the font size of closed captions using compressed data in MPEG videos. Experimental results show the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed mechanism.
The Percolation Phase Transition in Sea Ice (1998)

Sea ice exhibits a marked transition in its fluid transport properties at a critical brine volume fraction pc of about 5 percent, or temperature Tc of about -5 degreesC for salinity of 5 parts per thousand. For temperatures warmer than Tc, brine carrying heat and nutrients can move through the ice, whereas for colder temperatures the ice is impermeable. This transition plays a key role in the geophysics, biology, and remote sensing of sea ice. Percolation theory can be used to understand this critical behavior of transport in sea ice. The similarity of sea ice microstructure to compressed powders is used to theoretically predict pc of about 5 percent.
Dynamic shadow compensation of aerial images based on color and spatial analysis (2002)

This paper describes a method that can improve the visibility of features in shadowed regions in urban aerial images while retaining nonshadowed regions and the natural tint of shadowed regions automatically. The method first calculates the posteriori probabilities of each pixel belonging to shadowed class or nonshadowed class using color features from a low-frequency component image, and then compensates the intensity and saturation of each pixel in shadowed regions according to the posteriori probabilities. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Serum Factor Requirements of Normal and Simian Virus 40-Transformed 3T3 Mouse Fibroblasts (1971)

Evidence is presented to show the presence in normal rat serum of four different serum factors essential for growth of 3T3 or SV40-transformed 3T3 mouse fibroblasts: a factor that specifically promotes growth of normal 3T3 cells; two factors that specifically promote growth of transformed 3T3 cells; and a factor that sustains viability of both normal and transformed 3T3 cells in serum-free medium, probably without inducing growth of the cells. These factors are separated and partially purified.