gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-template image matching using alpha-rooted biquaternion phase correlation with application to logo recognition (2011)

Hypercomplex approaches are seeing increased application to signal and image processing problems. The use of multicomponent hypercomplex numbers, such as quaternions, enables the simultaneous co-processing of multiple signal or image components. This joint processing capability can provide improved exploitation of the information contained in the data, thereby leading to improved performance in detection and recognition problems. In this paper, we apply hypercomplex processing techniques to the logo image recognition problem. Specifically, we develop an image matcher by generalizing classical phase correlation to the biquaternion case. We further incorporate biquaternion Fourier domain alpha-rooting enhancement to create Alpha-Rooted Biquaternion Phase Correlation (ARBPC). We present the mathematical properties which justify use of ARBPC as an image matcher. We present numerical performance results of a logo verification problem using real-world logo data, demonstrating the performance improvement obtained using the hypercomplex approach. We compare results of the hypercomplex approach to standard multi-template matching approaches.
Durable cross-linked copolymer membranes based on poly(benzoxazine) and poly(2,5-benzimidazole) for use in fuel cells at elevated temperatures (2012)

Cross-linked benzoxazine–benzimidazole copolymer membranes with interpenetrating network structures containing a large amount of phosphoric acid (PA) were prepared by a direct casting method for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells at elevated temperatures. The direct casting solution was prepared by adding 6-fluoro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzoxazine into the polymerization solution of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA). Once the PPA in the membranes has been hydrolyzed to PA, the membranes can contain large amounts of PA and showed high proton conductivity, ca. 0.14 S cm−1, at 150 °C under anhydrous conditions. Membrane–electrode assemblies (MEAs) prepared using the copolymers showed high operating voltages of 0.69 V at 0.2 A cm−2, long-term durability for up to 1584 cycles, with much slower performance decay than those prepared using poly(benzimidazole) homopolymers, such as poly[2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] and poly(2,5-benzimidazole), from the in situ accelerated lifetime test.
Improved Autograft Survival of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Inhibition (2008)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display robust reparative properties through their ability to limit apoptosis, enhance angiogenesis, and direct positive tissue remodeling. However, low in vivo survival of transplanted cells limits their overall effectiveness and significantly affects their clinical usage. Consequently, identifying strategies to improve cell survival in vivo are a priority. One explanation for their low survival is that MSCs are often transplanted into ischemic tissue, such as infarcted myocardium, where there is poor blood supply and low oxygen tension. Therefore, we examined how MSCs respond to a hypoxic, nutrient-poor stress environment to identify trophic factors that could be manipulated in advance of MSC transplantation. Combining microarray and proteomic screens we identified plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as one factor consistently upregulated in our in vitro ischemia-mimicking conditions. Subsequent genetic and chemical manipulation studies define PAI-1 as a negative regulator of MSC survival in vivo. Mechanistically, MSC-derived PAI-1 does not alter MSC survival through a plasmin-dependent mechanism but rather directly impacts on the adhesiveness of MSCs to their surrounding matrices. Thus we can conclude that post-transplantation, PAI-1 negatively impacts MSC survival by promoting anoikis via matrix detachment.
A Novel Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Recent development in electronics and wireless communications has enabled the improvement of low-power and low cost wireless sensors networks. Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) are a combination of autonomous devices transmitting locally gathered information to a so-called sink node by using multihop wireless routing. One of the most important challenges in WSNs is to design energy efficient routing mechanism to increase the network lifetime due to the limited energy capacity of the network nodes. Furthermore, hot spots in a WSNs emerge as locations under heavy traffic load. Nodes in such areas quickly drain energy resources, leading to disconnection in network services. Cluster based routing algorithms in WSNs have recently gained increased interest, and energy efficiency is of particular interest. A cluster head (CH) represents all nodes in the cluster and collects data values from them. To balance the energy consumption and the traffic load in the network, the CH should be rotated among all nodes and the cluster size should be carefully determined at different parts of the WSNs. In this paper, we proposed an cluster based energy efficient routing algorithm (CBER), CBER elects CH based on nodes near to the optimal cluster head distance and residual energy of the nodes. In WSNs energy is mostly consumed for transmission and reception, it is a non linear function of transmission range. In this paper, the optimal cluster head distance which links to optimal energy consumption is derived. In addition, residual energy is considered in the CH election in order to increase the network lifetime. Furthermore, the energy consumption of being a CH is equally spread among the cluster members. Performance results show CBER scheme reduces the end to end energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime of multi hop network compared to the well-known clustering algorithms LEACH and HEED.
Hypermethylation of theMyf-3 gene in colorectal cancers: Associations with pathological features and with microsatellite instability (1999)

Myf-3 is the human homologue of the murine Myo-D1 gene involved in muscle-cell differentiation. Using Southern blot analysis, we examined methylation of Myf-3 in histologically normal colonic mucosae, adenomas and carcinomas from a large series of patients with primary colorectal cancer. Hypermethylation of this gene in comparison with normal mucosa was observed in 88% of adenomas and in 99% of carcinomas. The pattern of Myf-3 methylation was similar in different areas of the same tumour, suggesting that methylation imbalances occur before the bulk of clonal-cell expansion. Significantly increased levels of Myf-3 methylation were observed in tumours which were more invasive, located in the proximal colon or from older patients. Patients whose tumours had extensive methylation showed a trend for shortened survival, though this was probably related to their being more invasive. Extensive methylation was significantly more frequent in tumours with microsatellite instability. Further work is required to determine whether the hypermethylation of Myf-3 observed in colorectal cancers is a specific alteration with functional significance or whether it reflects non-specific methylation imbalances occurring early during tumorigenesis.
Memory-augmented Dialogue Management for Task-oriented Dialogue Systems (2018)

Dialogue management (DM) decides the next action of a dialogue system according to the current dialogue state, and thus plays a central role in task-oriented dialogue systems. Since dialogue management requires to have access to not only local utterances, but also the global semantics of the entire dialogue session, modeling the long-range history information is a critical issue. To this end, we propose a novel Memory-Augmented Dialogue management model (MAD) which employs a memory controller and two additional memory structures, i.e., a slot-value memory and an external memory. The slot-value memory tracks the dialogue state by memorizing and updating the values of semantic slots (for instance, cuisine, price, and location), and the external memory augments the representation of hidden states of traditional recurrent neural networks through storing more context information. To update the dialogue state efficiently, we also propose slot-level attention on user utterances to extract specific semantic information for each slot. Experiments show that our model can obtain state-of-the-art performance and outperforms existing baselines.
Progress of continuously rotating detonation engines (2016)

Continuously rotating detonation engine(CRDE) is a focus for concern in the field of aerospace propulsion. It has several advantages, including one-initiation, high thermal efficiency and simple structure. Due to these characteristics, it is expected to bring revolutionary advancements to aviation and aerospace propulsion systems and now has drawn much attention throughout the world. In this paper, an overview of the development of CRDE is given from several aspects:basic concepts, applications, experimental studies, numerical simulations, and so on. Representative results and outstanding contributions are summarized and the unresolved issues for further engineering applications of CRDE are provided.
Autonomous robotic searching and assembly of two-dimensional crystals to build van der Waals superlattices (2018)

Van der Waals heterostructures are comprised of stacked atomically thin two-dimensional crystals and serve as novel materials providing unprecedented properties. However, the random natures in positions and shapes of exfoliated two-dimensional crystals have required the repetitive manual tasks of optical microscopy-based searching and mechanical transferring, thereby severely limiting the complexity of heterostructures. To solve the problem, here we develop a robotic system that searches exfoliated two-dimensional crystals and assembles them into superlattices inside the glovebox. The system can autonomously detect 400 monolayer graphene flakes per hour with a small error rate (<7%) and stack four cycles of the designated two-dimensional crystals per hour with few minutes of human intervention for each stack cycle. The system enabled fabrication of the superlattice consisting of 29 alternating layers of the graphene and the hexagonal boron nitride. This capacity provides a scalable approach for prototyping a variety of van der Waals superlattices.
Flat high concentration devices (2002)

New concentrators achieving the theoretical maximum acceptance-angle-concentration product have appeared. Besides this, some of these concentrators are very compact (concentrator depth/aperture diameter smaller than 1/3). The feasibility of these concentrators for photovoltaic applications is studied. It is concluded that these concentrators may be useful for high concentration cells (irradiance for maximum efficiency greater than 800 suns) if these cells have a small size (diameter smaller than 5 mm). The concentrators may provide for this case an acceptance angle of /spl ap//spl plusmn/2.7 degrees with concentration factor around 1000/spl times/ and a concentrator depth 10 times the cell diameter. Instantaneous direct insolation and ambient temperature measurements of Madrid and a thermal model of the heat sink is used to calculate the annual electric energy output with which different concentration factors are compared. Concentration of 1000/spl times/ is close to the one giving the maximum annual electrical output.
Binding of SPAAT, the 44-residue C-terminal peptide of alpha 1-antitrypsin, to proteins of the extracellular matrix. (1997)

SPAAT (short piece of alpha 1-antitrypsin [AAT]), the 44-residue C-terminal peptide of AAT, was originally isolated from human placenta [Niemann et al. (1992): Matrix 12:233-241]. It was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of serine proteases [Niemann et al. (in press): Biochem Biophys Acta]. The binding of SPAAT to one or more proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was initially suggested on the basis of its recovery from tissue residues following a series of extractions designed to remove easily solubilized proteins [Niemann et al. (1992): Matrix 12:233-241]. Our binding studies with the model ECMs, Matrigel and Amgel, suggested that SPAAT might be bound by a specific collagen type as well as one or more non-collagenous ECM proteins. Individual ECM components were screened for their ability to bind SPAAT. When the four commonly occurring fiber-forming collagens (types I, II, III, and V) were evaluated, type III was found to be preferred. In addition, although SPAAT bound to preformed type III collagen fibers in a concentration dependent fashion, it did not bind to type III collagen molecules undergoing fibril formation. This is consistent with a physiological mode of interaction between SPAAT and type III collagen in vivo. Of the non-collagenous ECM macromolecules (laminin-1, fibronectin, entactin, and heparan sulfate) tested, laminin-1 was preferred. The binding of radiolabelled SPAAT to type III collagen and laminin-1 was competitively inhibited by unlabelled SPAAT as well as an unrelated protein, human serum albumin (HSA), to establish binding specificity. The kinetics of the release of the bound radiolabelled SPAAT were also examined to substantiate the non-covalent and reversible nature of this association. These results support the view that susceptible proteins of the ECM may actually be coated with SPAAT in vivo, possibly affording protection against inappropriate protease digestion.
Improved control strategy on buck-type PFC converter (1998)

In general, a single phase buck-type power factor correction (PFC) converter has a significant problem of the increase in volumetric size and weight, because this type of converter has to employ a smoothing inductor designed for high inductance to reduce the harmonic components included in the line input current. A new control strategy is proposed for a buck-type PFC converter which can greatly reduce the size and weight of its smoothing inductor.
Output from Visible-light Activation Units and Depth of Cure of Light-activated Composites (1989)

A simple and reproducible method for monitoring the intensity of radiation from composite light-activation units has been developed. The method depends upon the use of a cadmium sulfide photo-conductive cell, the electrical resistance of which varies with the amount of light falling upon its surface. Filters were used for selection of the wavelength of light that is thought to be most effective in activating polymerization. The use of broad-band wavelength filters failed to give results for light intensity that correlated with depth of cure. Narrow-band interference filters, having a band width of only 10 nm and being selective within the wavelength range of from 460 to 480 nm, produced results for light intensity that correlated with depth of cure. The depths of cure for various types of composite material were measured with use of a penetrometer that enabled the thickness of unpolymerized material at the base of the test mould to be determined. The depth of cure was inversely proportional to the attenuation of light caused by the composite resin at 470 nm. The relationship between depth of cure and light intensity at 470 nm was not a simple linear one over all intensity values. Above a certain critical value of intensity (about 550 lux for a 3.5-mm aperture in these experiments), the depth of cure appeared to be almost independent of intensity. Below this critical value, depth of cure fell markedly with decreasing intensity.
Atomic weights of the elements 1999 (IUPAC Technical Report) (2001)

Abstract The biennial review of atomic-weight, A r (E), determinations and other cognate data have resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of the following elements: element From To nitrogen 14.006 74 ± 0.000 07 14.0067 ± 0.0002 sulfur 32.066 ± 0.006 32.065 ± 0.005 chlorine 35.4527 ± 0.0009 35.453 ± 0.002 germanium 72.61 ± 0.02 72.64 ± 0.01 xenon 131.29 ± 0.02 131.293 ± 0.006 erbium 167.26 ± 0.03 167.259 ± 0.003 uranium 238.0289 ± 0.0001 238.028 91 ± 0.000 03 Presented are updated tables of the standard atomic weights and their uncertainties estimated by combining experimental uncertainties and terrestrial variabilities. In addition, this report again contains an updated table of relative atomic-mass values and half-lives of selected radioisotopes. Changes in the evaluated isotopic abundance values from those published in 1997 are so minor that an updated list will not be published for the year 1999. Many elements have a different isotopic composition in some nonterrestrial materials. Some recent data on parent nuclides that might affect isotopic abundances or atomic-weight values are included in this report for the information of the interested scientific community.
Engines for Tomorrow's Passenger Cars (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The dual goals of low emissions and improved fuel economy have raised concern over the spark ignition engine's ultimate capability to meet our country's long-term social needs. This has heightened the interest in alternate powerplants for passenger cars. There are eight types of powerplants that merit serious consideration in the next twelve years that will be discussed. Each of the candidates represent a unique set of trade-offs and risk. The candidates will be arranged in the following categories: current or near-term technology, advanced heat engine technology, and new technology. Engineering, legal, economic, and social factors will be discussed for each category.</div>
Solaris internals : core kernel components (2001)

I. 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOLARIS INTERNALS. 1. An Introduction to Solaris. A Brief History. Key Differentiators. Kernel Overview. Processes, Threads, and Scheduling. Interprocess Communication. Signals. Memory Management. Files and File Systems. I/O Architecture. 2. Kernel Services. Access to Kernel Services. Entering Kernel Mode. Context. Execution Context. Virtual Memory. Interrupts. System Calls. The Kernel Callout Table. The System Clock. 3. Kernel Synchronization Primitives. Synchronization. Parallel Systems Architectures. Hardware Considerations for Locks and Synchronization. Introduction to Synchronization Objects. Mutex Locks. Reader/Writer Locks. Turnstiles and Priority Inheritance. Dispatcher Locks. Kernel Semaphores. 4. Kernel Bootstrap and Initialization. Kernel Directory Hierarchy. Kernel Bootstrap and Initialization. Kernel Module Loading and Linking. II. 123 THE SOLARIS MEMORY SYSTEM. 5. Solaris Memory Architecture. Why Have a Virtual Memory System? Modular Implementation. Virtual Address Spaces. Memory Segments. Anonymous Memory. Virtual Memory Watchpoints. Global Page Management. The Page Scanner. The Hardware Address Translation Layer. Large Pages. 6. Kernel Memory. Kernel Virtual Memory Layout. Kernel Memory Allocation. 7. Memory Monitoring. A Quick Introduction to Memory Monitoring. Memory Monitoring Tools. The vmstat Command. MemTool: Unbundled Memory Tools. Other Memory Tools. III. THREADS, PROCESSES, AND IPC. 8. The Solaris Multithreaded Process Architecture. Introduction to Solaris Processes. Process Structures. The Kernel Process Table. Process Creation. Process Termination. Procfs - The Process File System. Signals. Sessions and Process Groups. 9. The Solaris Kernel Dispatcher. Overview. The Kernel Dispatcher. The Kernel Sleep/Wakeup Facility. Scheduler Activations. Kernel Processor Control and Processor Sets. 10. Interprocess Communication. Generic System V IPC Support. System V Shared Memory. System V Semaphores. System V Message Queues. POSIX IPC. Solaris Doors. PART IV. FILES AND FILE SYSTEMS 11. Solaris Files and File I/O. Files in Solaris. File Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). System File I/O. Asynchronous I/O. Memory Mapped File I/O. 64-bit Files in Solaris. 64-bit Device Support in Solaris. 12. File System Overview. Why Have a File System? Support for Multiple File System Types. Regular (On-Disk) File Systems. File Systems Logging (Journaling). Expanding and Shrinking File Systems. Direct I/O. 13. File System Framework. Solaris File System Framework. The vnode. The vfs Object. File System I/O. Path-Name Management. The File System Flush Daemon. 14. The UNIX File System. UFS Development History. UFS On-Disk Format. UFS Implementation. 15. Solaris File System Cache. Introduction to File Caching. Page Cache and Virtual Memory System. Is All That Paging Bad for My System? Paging Parameters That Affect File System Performance. Bypassing the Page Cache with Direct I/O. Directory Name Cache. Inode Caches. Appendix A: Kernel Tunables, Switches, and Limits. Appendix B: Kernel Virtual Address Maps. Appendix C: A Sample Procfs Utility. Bibliography. Index.
Site of ocular hydrolysis of a prodrug, dipivefrin, and a comparison of its ocular metabolism with that of the parent compound, epinephrine. (1980)

Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine which is hydrolyzed to epinephrine after absorption into the eye. The major site of this hydrolysis is shown to be the cornea. Some dipivefrin is absorbed unchanged into ocular tissues, but most appears as epinephrine and its metabolites within 15 min after topical application. Metanephrine is the major metabolite of epinephrine found in ocular tissues. It is found as soon as 15 min aftter application of either dipivefrin or epinephrine and appears in all the tissues tested. The data indicate that the peinephrine which is liberated by hydrolysis of topically applied dipivefrin is metabolized similarly to topically applied epinephrine. The monoamine oxidase metabolites of epinephrine appear 1 to 3 hr after treatment and are found mainly in the aqueous humor. After ocular application of either compound there appear to be uptake and storage of the exogenous epinephrine in the iris plus ciliary body. There is also some storage of unmetabolized epinephrine in the cornea.
Effects of probiotic fermented milk on symptoms and intestinal flora in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2011)

During this 8-week trial gastrointestinal symptoms improved. However, there was no difference between treatment with fermented milk containing probiotics or acidified milk. The effect of probiotics on IBS symptoms remains uncertain and further studies are warranted.
The potent bone-resorbing mediator of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is homologous to the molecular chaperone GroEL. (1995)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium implicated in the pathology of localized juvenile periodontitis, a condition involving rapid destruction of alveolar bone. We have established that gentle extraction of this bacterium in saline releases a proteinaceous fraction (which we have termed surface-associated material [SAM] which has potent osteolytic activity in the murine calvarial bone resorption assay. Fractionation of the SAM has now revealed that activity is associated with a 62-kD protein. This bone-resorbing activity can be blocked by a monoclonal antibody (raised to the whole bacterium) that is claimed to recognize a protein homologous to the Escherichia coli molecular chaperone GroEL. Purification of this bone-resorbing protein to homogeneity has been achieved by a combination of anion exchange, gel filtration, and ATP-affinity chromatography and the NH2-terminal sequence shows > 95% homology to E. coli GroEL. This GroEL homologue is found in the SAM of A. actinomycetemcomitans but is not found in the osteolytically active SAM from other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The GroEL protein from E. coli, but not from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, also showed activity in the bone resorption assay. We believe this to be the first observation that a molecular chaperone has the capacity to stimulate the breakdown of connective tissue.