gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rifaximin versus neomycin on hyperammoniemia in chronic portal systemic encephalopathy of cirrhotics. A double-blind, randomized trial. (1991)

Preliminary data suggest that rifaximin a new non-absorbable rifamycin-derivate, has beneficial effects on chronic portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE). To compare the efficacy and safety of rifaximin vs neomycin in the treatment of the hyperammoniemic state of PSE, 30 cirrhotic patients with grade I to III of PSE were randomly allocated to one of two groups: group A (15 patients) receiving rifaximin (400 mg/8h) and group B (15 patients) neomycin (1gr/8h). The duration of treatment was 21 consecutive days. Age, sex, hepatic and renal function, level of PSE, EEG and number connection test were similar in both groups. A significant decrease in blood ammonia levels was observed at the end of the treatment period in both groups; moreover rifaximin produced an earlier reduction of blood ammonia levels. The neuropsychic syndrome related to the PSE improved in both groups without significant difference. No side effects attributable to therapy were observed in the rifaximin group. These results indicate that, rifaximin is at least as effective as neomycin in the achievement and maintenance of low blood ammonia levels in cirrhotics with chronic PSE.
[Clinical value of determining serum levels of glycocholic acid in alcoholic lesions of the liver]. (1993)

To assess the diagnostic value of radioimmunoassay determination of serum levels of glycocholic acid in alcohol-induced chronic diffuse hepatic lesions, this technique was compared by sensitivity and informative content with conventional hepatic tests. Hepatocytic function was measured in combined examination of 83 patients and 30 controls. It is shown that serum glycocholic acid concentration permits detection of early alcohol defects of the liver, excretory dysfunction in particular, control of cholestatic changes, of transformation of hepatic steatosis into hepatitis or cirrhosis, evaluation of cholestasis. The above radioimmunoassay is a useful prognostic tool in decompensated alcohol cirrhosis of the liver.
Separate promoters control transcription of the human aminopeptidase N gene in myeloid and intestinal epithelial cells (1991)

Aminopeptidase N is a membrane-bound metalloprotease expressed on the surface of normal and malignant human myeloid cells, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and the epithelial cells that form brush borders of the small intestine and kidney. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from these tissues revealed two distinct aminopeptidase N transcripts: a 3.7-kilobase (kb) transcript expressed by normal monocytes, myeloid leukemia cells, and fibroblasts and a 3.4-kb transcript expressed by intestinal epithelium and kidney cells. In intestinal epithelial cells, transcripts originated 47 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon and 22 base pairs downstream from a TATA box. By contrast, the longer transcripts found in myeloid cells and fibroblasts originated from several sites clustered in an upstream exon located 8 kb from the exon containing the initiation codon. Functional promoter activity was demonstrated by fusing sequences approximately 1 kb upstream from each transcription origin to bacterial reporter genes and transfecting the resultant constructs into murine NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. A novel feature of this system is that regulatory elements of the epithelial cell promoter, including the TATA box and transcription origin, are included within the 5'-untranslated region of the longer myeloid cell transcript. Both aminopeptidase N transcripts encode the same polypeptide, indicating that the physically distinct promoters must have evolved to regulate expression of this cell-surface peptidase by cells of different tissues.
Alcohol dehydrogenase from Thea sinensis seeds. (1974)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E. C. 1. 1. 1. 1.) from Thea sinensis seeds (variety: Zairai) was isolated and purified about 1, 500-fold using preparative disc electrophoresis. The specific activity was about 3.4units/mg protein against ethyl alcohol. Its s020. w value was 6.96S and its molecular weight was approximately 150, 000 using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The physical, chemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme are described. The oxidoreduction products formed by the enzyme were identified by gas chromatography, and for the unsaturated compounds the conversion of double bond and geometrical isomerization was observed. The substrate specificity of tea enzyme is discussed in comparison with the enzymes from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and horse and human livers. Paticularly a tendency for reactivity in the oxidoreduction of unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes were discribed by comparing the effects of geometry, the position of the double bond and the length of chain in substrates.
An Analysis of Pulse-Synchronized Oscillators (1956)

The present extent of the number of radio communications has led to an overcrowding of transmitting frequencies. It is therefore desirable, especially in variable frequency transmitters or receivers, to be able to make, according to circumstances, a swift choice of the proper working frequency. On the other hand, in phase shift telegraphy and in single sideband transmitters, a very high long-term accuracy in the carrier wave is needed. Hence, the main problem is the design of an easily tunable, high-precision variable oscillator with, of course, a limited number of crystals. In this respect, probably the most famous present technique consists in the use of a variable oscillator frequency synchronized on pulse harmonics issued by a quartz oscillator. This system is referred to, hereafter, as an "Impulse Governed Oscillator" (IGO). This paper gives a mathematical analysis of the above system together with its circuits. The main difficulties met in its design as well as the way to overcome them are examined.
Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Soft Underlayers for Perpendicular Recording Media (2004)

Synthetic antiferromagnetically coupled films have been studied for soft underlayers for perpendicular media. Initially, FeCo bilayers were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering with a structure of glass-Ru(2.5 nm)-FeCo(t/sub F/)-Ru(t/sub Ru/)-FeCo(t/sub F/)-Ru (10 nm), where t/sub F/ was varied from 5 to 200 nm and t/sub Ru/ from 0.2 to 1.4 nm. The antiferromagnetic coupling showed a maximum at t/sub Ru/=0.6-1.0 nm as expected, depending on t/sub F/. However, the surface coupling energy J/sub AF/ decreased very rapidly with t/sub F/ from 2.8 erg/cm/sup 2/ at t/sub F/=5 nm to 0.6erg/cm/sup 2/ at t/sub F/=10 nm. A structure of glass-Ru(2.5 nm)-FeCo(50 nm)-Ru(1.0 nm)-FeCo(55 nm)-Ru (10 nm) showed nearly zero remanence and very well separated hysteresis segments at /spl plusmn/30 Oe along the FeCo easy axis and a single narrow hysteresis loop with coercivity of 3.5 Oe along the hard axis. These characteristics were thermally stable up to at least 200/spl deg/C, which is superior to IrMn exchange-biased systems. Further optimization was achieved with a trilayer structure of glass-Ru(2.5 nm)-FeCo(25 nm)-Ru(1.0nm)-FeCo(45nm)-Ru(1.0 nm)-FeCo(25 nm)-Ru (10 nm).
Clinical outcome of central conventional chondrosarcoma (2012)

Central conventional CS with low/intermediate grade has a good prognosis, while high-grade tumors have poor outcome. Tumor relapses are strictly related with histologic grade.
Hemolytic Effect of Surface Roughness of an Impeller in a Centrifugal Blood Pump (1997)

The present study investigates how the surface roughness of an impeller affects hemolysis in the pivot bearing supported Gyro C1E3 pump. This study focuses on particular areas of the impeller surface in the impeller type centrifugal pump. Seven Gyro C1E3 pumps were prepared with smooth surface housings and different impeller parts with different surface roughnesses. The vanes, top side, and backside of the impeller were independently subjected to vapor polishing, fine sand blasting, or coarse sand blasting to produce three different grades of surface roughness. These surfaces were then examined by a surface profile instrument. Using these pumps with different impellers, in vitro hemolysis tests were performed simulating cardiopulmonary bypass (5 L/min, 350 mm Hg). The findings of this study conclusively proved that surface roughness of the back side of the impeller has the greatest effect on hemolysis, followed by the top side and then the vanes. The following are reasons for these findings. First, the shear rate may be greater on the back side than on the top side because of the smaller gap between the back and the housing and the greater relative speed against the impeller. Second, the fluid beneath the impeller may have a longer exposure time because there is little chance for the fluid to mix beneath the impeller. Third, the shear rate may be greater on the top side of the impeller than on the vanes because a vortex formation occurs behind the vanes.
A Tête-à-Tête Comparison of Ejection Fraction and Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities as Measured by Echocardiography and Gated Sestamibi SPECT (2002)

Determination of ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) consistent with stunned, hibernating, or infarcted myocardium can be noninvasively determined by both echocardiography and nuclear cardiac imaging. Prior comparisons between the 2 methods have been limited to Tc 99m pertechnetate or to stress images with attention to RWMAs only. To determine the relationship between results seen with echocardiography and gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using sestamibi, 26 individuals with varying degrees of coronary artery disease were prospectively studied with both techniques. Five individuals had single-vessel disease, 10 had 2-vessel disease, and 11 had triple-vessel disease. Each individual underwent 2-D, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography (echo) as well as gated SPECT imaging using rest and stress (high-dose dipyridamole/HDD) sestamibi imaging. The results were statistically different when ejection fractions (EFs) and RWMAs were compared. There were no statistical differences between EFs determined at rest when either echo or nuclear imaging was used. However, patients with EFs <70-80% were overestimated by echo, with echo underestimating EFs >70-80% (p=0.001). There was a high correlation (r=0.76) between resting echocardiographic EFs and SPECT resting gated sestamibi images in patients with single-vessel disease, and a moderate correlation (r=0.68 and r=0.68) in patients with 2- and 3-vessel disease, respectively. Differences in the detection of RWMAs were statistically different for patients with 2-vessel disease (p=0.04) and approached significance in 3-vessel disease (p=0.56) with more RWMA being detected by resting gated SPECT imaging than by echo. Greater differences in RWMAs were seen in patients with 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel disease when resting echo was compared with HDD gated SPECT sestamibi imaging. These differences were statistically greater in 2- (p=0.0027) and 3- (p=0.0003) vessel disease. Differences between stress and resting images are expected in individuals with severe coronary artery disease. Comparison of noninvasive assessment of EFs and RWMAs by gated SPECT sestamibi and echocardiography showed different results when looking at EFs, with echo reporting greater EFs for people with EFs <70-80%. Patients with two and 3-vessel disease were statistically more likely to have RWMAs detected by gated SPECT sestamibi than by echo.
Differential regulation of fyn-associated protein tyrosine kinase activity by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (1995)

The proliferation and differentiation of macrophages are regulated by, among others, GM-CSF and M-CSF. Treatment of bone marrow nonadherent (NA) cells with M-CSF induced a greater percentage of NA cells into adherent cells, recognized as monocyte/macrophages, than did GM-CSF. The effect of GM-CSF and M-CSF on the activation of fyn kinase, a 59-kDa src family-related protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), was studied. Control cultures of bone marrow NA cells expressed only minimal levels of fyn kinase activity. Treatment of bone marrow NA cells with M-CSF, but not GM-CSF, for 12 to 24 h greatly enhanced the levels of fyn kinase activity. The effect of M-CSF on the activation of fyn kinase was further investigated using bipotential adherent bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) that coexpress receptors for both GM-CSF and M-CSF. BMDMs can be induced by either growth factor to undergo extensive proliferation in vitro. Compared to bone marrow NA cells, BMDMs displayed higher levels of basal fyn kinase activity, which were similarly elevated by M-CSF but not GM-CSF treatment. The role of fyn kinase in regulating cell adhesion was investigated by growing BMDMs in both tissue culture and Teflon flasks. The growth of BMDMs was anchorage independent; the majority of them continued to proliferate as cell suspension in Teflon flasks. Whereas the levels of fyn kinase activity in adherent BMDMs grown in tissue culture flasks increased steadily, those in BMDMs grown in Teflon flasks diminished. To study the role of fyn kinase in growth regulation, BMDMs were treated with c-fyn sense and antisense s-oligos. In the presence of c-fyn antisense s-oligos, the proliferative response of BMDMs to M-CSF but not GM-CSF was inhibited. In contrast, the proliferation of BMDM in response to either GM-CSF or M-CSF was not influenced by c-fyn sense s-oligos. Collectively, our data suggest that the activation of fyn kinase is closely associated with the acquisition of adherent capacity in maturing macrophages.
A flexible virtual system for real time simulation and evaluation of motor drives (1999)

This paper presents and implements a flexible virtual system for motor drive real time simulation and evaluation, which is based on a Hewlett-Packard testing machine. The system consists of a personal computer with A/D and D/A converters and a visual development environment that combines the convenience of direct hardware access and power of visualized software programming. With this system, various motor drive configurations can be flexibly simulated, tested and evaluated at real time, and also control signal can be fed back to real drive system. The simulation results show that it is possible to run a virtual motor drive with hardware in loop as a real one at real time.
Ultrasonically Assisted Polysaccharide Microcontainers for Delivery of Lipophilic Antitumor Drugs: Preparation and in Vitro Evaluation (2015)

High toxicity, poor selectivity, and severe side effects are major drawbacks of anticancer drugs. Various drug delivery systems could be proposed to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to fabricate polysaccharide microcontainers (MCs) loaded with thymoquinone (TQ) by a one-step ultrasonication technique and to study their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in vitro. Two MC fractions with a mean size of 500 nm (MC-0.5) and 2 μM (MC-2) were prepared and characterized. Uptake of the MCs by mouse melanoma M-3 cells was evaluated in both 2D (monolayer culture) and 3D (multicellular tumor spheroids) models by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorimetry. The higher cytotoxicity of the TQ-MC-0.5 sample than the TQ-MC-2 fraction was in good correlation with higher MC-0.5 accumulation in the cells. The MC-0.5 beads were more promising than the MC-2 particles because of a higher cellular uptake in both 2D and 3D models, an enhanced antitumor effect, and a lower nonspecific toxicity.
The strengths of cements reinforced with glass fibres (1969)

Synopsis Fibrous composite materials utilizing ceramic fibres and inorganic cements offer a potential source of new lightweight, strong and durable materials. Commercial glass fibres now available are not durable in an alkaline medium of the kind present in most hydrating cements; a new alkali-resistant glass has been developed at the Building Research Station to surmount this difficulty. Because this has renewed interest in the subject, and to provide a yardstick for the effectiveness of the new glass, composites made with commercially available glass fibres and various inorganic binders were studied to find suitable methods of fabrication and to establish the behaviour of the material. This paper describes the influence of type of matrix, age and glass content upon the impact, tensile and bending strengths of composites fabricated by a simple spray-suction technique. On the basis of the properties developed before chemical interaction between glass and cement becomes dominant, it can be foreseen that, given a durable glass, the composites will have pronounced advantages over existing sheet materials in respect of impact strength, bending strength and resistance to cracking. As supplies of alkali-resistant fibre become available, the programme will be repeated with this material.
Combining Text and Linguistic Document Representations for Authorship Attribution (2005)

In this paper, we provide several alternatives to the classical\nBag-Of-Words model for automatic authorship attribution.\nTo this end, we consider linguistic and writing style infor-\nmation such as grammatical structures to construct di®er-\nent document representations. Furthermore we describe two\ntechniques to combine the obtained representations: combi-\nnation vectors and ensemble based meta classi¯cation. Our\nexperiments show the viability of our approach.
Release of Luminal Exosomes Contributes to TLR4-Mediated Epithelial Antimicrobial Defense (2013)

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles released by most cell types from multi-vesicular endosomes. They are speculated to transfer molecules to neighboring or distant cells and modulate many physiological and pathological procedures. Exosomes released from the gastrointestinal epithelium to the basolateral side have been implicated in antigen presentation. Here, we report that luminal release of exosomes from the biliary and intestinal epithelium is increased following infection by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Release of exosomes involves activation of TLR4/IKK2 signaling through promoting the SNAP23-associated vesicular exocytotic process. Downregulation of let-7 family miRNAs by activation of TLR4 signaling increases SNAP23 expression, coordinating exosome release in response to C. parvum infection. Intriguingly, exosomes carry antimicrobial peptides of epithelial cell origin, including cathelicidin-37 and beta-defensin 2. Activation of TLR4 signaling enhances exosomal shuttle of epithelial antimicrobial peptides. Exposure of C. parvum sporozoites to released exosomes decreases their viability and infectivity both in vitro and ex vivo. Direct binding to the C. parvum sporozoite surface is required for the anti-C. parvum activity of released exosomes. Biliary epithelial cells also increase exosomal release and display exosome-associated anti-C. parvum activity following LPS stimulation. Our data indicate that TLR4 signaling regulates luminal exosome release and shuttling of antimicrobial peptides from the gastrointestinal epithelium, revealing a new arm of mucosal immunity relevant to antimicrobial defense.
KGF regulates pulmonary epithelial proliferation and surfactant protein gene expression in adult rat lung (2000)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, FGF-7) is a potent mitogen for epithelial cells. We instilled recombinant human KGF to determine the effects of KGF on alveolar epithelial cells. Left lungs of adult rats were instilled intrabronchially with KGF (5 mg/kg) or normal saline. KGF instillation resulted in epithelial cell hyperplasia, and the alveolar bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index peaked at 35% on day 2 after instillation. The mRNA levels for the surfactant proteins (SPs) SP-A, SP-B, and SP-D were increased in whole lung tissue on days 1 and 2 after KGF treatment and then returned to control levels on days 3-7. SP-C mRNA levels were increased on days 2-5 after KGF instillation. However, all surfactant protein mRNAs were reduced in type II cells isolated from rats instilled with KGF 2 or 3 days before isolation. These observations were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Instillation of KGF also increased the amount of SP-A and SP-D in lavage fluid. Transcripts for CC10, the 10-kDa Clara cell protein, were decreased. KGF increases the mRNA for the surfactant proteins per lung because of type II cell hyperplasia, but the mRNA per cell is slightly diminished as measured in isolated cells or estimated by in situ hybridization.
Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation on TFT-LCD Panels for Image Quality Concerns (2006)

The heat source from cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) in the backlight module of a TFT-LCD TV causes the cell assembly to warpage. The extruding phenomenon, appearing between the cell and its bezel, leads to defects in display of the TFT-LCD TV. The study successfully simulates and predicts the process by finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and structure-heat transfer. The paper also shows the efficient experimental verification which uses kinds of physical sensors to measure the temperature variation and thermal stresses on the surface of LCD-TV cell. The achievements and techniques can be employed to analyze and design the geometric parameters of different components in LCD-TV modules for product optimization.
IgG Anti‐laminin‐1 Autoantibody and Recurrent Miscarriages (2001)

IgG anti-laminin-1 auto-Abs are associated with recurrent miscarriages and the subsequent pregnancy outcome of recurrent aborters.
Modulation of phospholipid acyl chain order by cholesterol. A solid-state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study (1990)

The effect of cholesterol on the acyl chain order of three glycerophosphocholines with 14, 16, and 18 carbons per acyl chain, namely, di(14:0)PC, di(16:0)PC, and di(18:0)PC, above the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature was investigated by using 2H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Average acyl chain lengths were calculated from the segmental order parameters (Smol) for the sn-1 and the sn-2 chains in the absence of cholesterol and at 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 mole ratios of phospholipid-cholesterol. The three binary mixtures of cholesterol with phosphatidylcholines are in the liquid-ordered (lo) phase. For all the three phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol systems, the distance from the carbonyl groups to the terminal methyl groups is shorter than the length of the cholesterol molecule. A molecular model for the lo phase consistent with these observations has in a statistical sense a part of each cholesterol molecule in one monolayer extending into the other monolayer. This results in a packing arrangement akin to that in interdigitated systems. On the basis of the effect of cholesterol on phospholipid acyl chain orientational order, it is suggested that the liquid-disordered (ld) phase at low cholesterol concentrations corresponds to a packing mode in which the cholesterol molecule spans the entire transbilayer hydrophobic region. A molecular mechanism is proposed in which increasing the concentration of cholesterol has the effect of stretching the acyl chains of phospholipids by increasing the population of trans conformers up to a stage where the hydrophobic length is considerably longer than the cholesterol molecule. Beyond this concentration, the partially interdigitated phase forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)