gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of N-Bromosuccinimide and Indoles. A Simple Synthesis of 3-Bromooxindoles<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of N-Bromosuccinimide and Indoles. A Simple Synthesis of 3-Bromooxindoles1R. L. Hinman and C. P. BaumanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 5, 1206–1215Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01028a053Request reuse permissionsArticle Views2666Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual Reality Data Visualization : Concepts, technologies and more (2018)

Data Visualization (DV) can be seen as an important tool for communication and data analysis. Especially when huge amounts of data are involved, visual representation of data can facilitate observation of trends and patterns as well as understanding. Currently, two dimensional displays are mainly used for Data Visualization, both in two and three dimensions (2D and 3D). However, two dimensional displays are limited in terms of 3D visualization because they do not allow for true sense of depth and do not cover the observer’s full Field Of View (FOV). An alternative approach is to use Virtual Reality (VR), which provides an immersive and interactive 3D environment. VR has been mainly used for gaming and simulated training. However, other areas are now emerging because VR technologies became relatively affordable. For example, one possibility is to explore VR for DV and this was the main goal of this project. To accomplish that, a literature study was performed to identify terminologies and definitions, hardware and software technologies, techniques and examples in the fields of DV and VR. In addition, in order to exemplify DV through VR, a prototype system was implemented using Unity 3D, a leading engine for VR. To visualize the developed VR environment, a HTC Vive Head Mounted Display (HMD) was used. The developed prototype system can display data from a local dataset in a scatter plot with three axis in VR. In the virtual environment created by the system, the user can select the attributes in the dataset to be displayed by the 3D scatter plot. Once the data is plotted, the user can use the handheld joystick to move, rotate, tilt and scale the scatter plot. Achieved results indicate immersion and interaction as the main perceived benefits of DV using VR.
Effects of confinement on material behaviour at the nanometre size scale (2005)

In this article, the effects of size and confinement at the nanometre size scale on both the melting temperature, Tm, and the glass transition temperature, Tg, are reviewed. Although there is an accepted thermodynamic model (the Gibbs–Thomson equation) for explaining the shift in the first-order transition, Tm, for confined materials, the depression of the melting point is still not fully understood and clearly requires further investigation. However, the main thrust of the work is a review of the field of confinement and size effects on the glass transition temperature. We present in detail the dynamic, thermodynamic and pseudo-thermodynamic measurements reported for the glass transition in confined geometries for both small molecules confined in nanopores and for ultrathin polymer films. We survey the observations that show that the glass transition temperature decreases, increases, remains the same or even disappears depending upon details of the experimental (or molecular simulation) conditions. Indeed, different behaviours have been observed for the same material depending on the experimental methods used. It seems that the existing theories of Tg are unable to explain the range of behaviours seen at the nanometre size scale, in part because the glass transition phenomenon itself is not fully understood. Importantly, here we conclude that the vast majority of the experiments have been carried out carefully and the results are reproducible. What is currently lacking appears to be an overall view, which accounts for the range of observations. The field seems to be experimentally and empirically driven rather than responding to major theoretical developments.
Development and progression of malignancy in human colon tissues are correlated with expression of specific Ca(2+)-binding S100 proteins. (2001)

The expression levels of seven different S100 proteins (S100A1, S100A2, S100A3, S100A4, S100A5, S100A6, and S100B) were characterized by immunohistochemistry in the epithelial versus connective tissues of a series of 35 colon specimens, including 6 normal samples, 5 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, 5 adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and 19 cancers. The results showed that S100A2, S100A3, and S100B proteins could not (or only marginally) be detected in colon tissues. On the other hand, the expression of S100A6 increased in epithelial tissues directly proportional to the increase of malignancy. The percentage of epithelial (or connective tissue) cells expressing S100A4 significantly decreased as the malignancy grade increased. The expression level of S100A1 proteins was somewhat higher in the connective tissues of normal cases and adenomas with low-grade dysplasia than in adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and cancers. This pattern of expression was not observed in epithelial tissues. While the node-positive cancers did not express S100A1, about half of the node-negative specimens did. The expression levels of S100A5 were similar in different epithelial tissues. However, in the connective tissues the expression levels decreased inversely proportional to the increase in pathological grading of the specimens. Therefore, the present study implicates several S100 proteins as useful tools for histochemical typing of colon cancer malignancy development.
The Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Electrode (1968)

The reactions occurring during the discharge and charge of manganese dioxide electrodes in are studied by x‐ray diffraction and charge and discharge curves. The discharge at first results in the formation of an amorphous oxide by incorporation of protons and electrons into the lattice. Then the amorphous compound is electroreduced to give and finally depending on the electrode potential. When electrodes are recharged, the amorphous phase is converted to whereas the remains unchanged in the electrode. It is proposed that on recharge is oxidized to . The cause of failure of electrodes during cycling seems to be the formation of a film of around the electrical contact wire.
Review Statistics review 13: Receiver operating characteristic curves (2004)

This review introduces some commonly used methods for assessing the performance of a diagnostic test. The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio of a test are discussed. The uses of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve are explained.
Credit-Based Authorization for Concurrent IP-Address Tests (2005)

Abstract — Route optimization enables mobile nodes to directly communicate with one another. This is an important efficiency benefit of modern mobility protocols like Mobile IPv6 or the Host Identity Protocol. However, route optimization can introduce the possibility for a new type of amplified flooding attacks if designed without care: An attacker may misuse the protocol to trick its peer into redirecting a flow of packets to a false, i.e., a victim’s, IP address. A precautionary counter-measure used by various mobility protocols is to first determine whether the right node is present at a new IP address before any data packets are sent to that address. The test can be as simple as a ping carrying some unguessable, to-be-returned piece of data. Yet, an unfortunate side effect of this common approach is that it increases handover latency by one round-trip time, precluding interactive or real-time applications in many scenarios. This paper proposes a credit-based strategy that allows peers to continue communications while a new IP address is being examined. The optimization is exemplarily applied to Mobile IPv6 and the Host Identity Protocol, for which it reduces handover-signaling delays by 50%. I.
Vitamin D Status, Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2002)

Hypovitaminosis D is common in CD patients. Patients with CD and small-bowel resections are at risk of developing secondary hyperparathyroidism and low BMD.
Primary surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament lesions (1982)

Seventy patients who underwent primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament are reviewed in follow-up. The surgical technique consisted of multiple loop-varying depth sutures in both cruciate stumps in 61 patients. Nine patients had additional fascial augmentation done primarily. follow-up was from 12 to 90 months, the average being 29 months. All patients were scored on a 50-point normal knee score sheet. Average score at follow-up was 42.7. No patient was bothered by giving way, which is defined as an unpredictable instability. No patient has required subsequent meniscal surgery. Ninety-three percent of the patients were active in sports. Anterior drawer sign at 90 degrees showed increased excursion compared to the unaffected leg in all patients. However, Lachman's test showed a firm end point to excursion in all knees tested, and, in addition, 52% were rated as normal compared to the unaffected knee. We conclude that primary repairs of mid-substance tears are technically possible and recommended in an athlete.
The IH-structure and its capability to accelerate high current beams (2002)

The longitudinal and transversal acceptance of the original Munich cavity type was enlarged, and an improved type of IH cavity was developed and constructed. It consists of sections for acceleration, transversal focusing, and longitudinal focusing. The 108-MHz GSI cavity contains three structure periods of that kind and accelerates the design ion /sup 238/U/sup 25+/ from 300 keV to 1.4 MeV/u. Results from RF power tests and the status of the IH cavity for the 1.4-MeV/u UNILAC injector are reported. Basic considerations and investigations about the designs for the acceleration of higher beam currents are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Medical or Surgical Complications Related to the Nucleus Multichannel Cochlear Implant (1988)

A questionnaire was sent to 152 surgeons to survey complications associated with the implantation of the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Complications were categorized as life-threatening; major, if they necessitated revision surgery; or minor, if they resolved spontaneously or with minimal treatment. A total of 55 complications occurred in 459 reported operations for an overall complication rate of 11.8%. There were no deaths, but there was one life-threatening complication, a case of meningitis. There were 23 (4.8%) major complications, most of which involved flap design or electrode insertion (and included the case of meningitis). There were 32 (7%) minor complications. Most of the complications might have been avoided by proper training, planning of the operations, and careful attention to detail. We recommend that all prospective implant surgeons attend a device-specific training course and practice in the temporal bone laboratory.
Estrogen influences osmotic secretion of AVP and body water balance in postmenopausal women (1998)

To determine if estrogen upregulates osmotic secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and alters body water balance, we infused hypertonic (3% NaCl) saline in 6 women (68 +/- 3 yr) after 14 days of 17 beta-estradiol (transdermal patch, approximately 0.1 mg/day, E2) and placebo (control) administration. Hypertonic saline was infused at 0.1 ml.kg-1.min-1 for 120 min, and after a 30-min equilibration period, the subjects drank water ad libitum for 180 min. E2 increased basal plasma estradiol concentration from < or = 12 to 80 +/- 12 pg/ml and plasma AVP concentration (P[AVP]) from 2.1 +/- 0.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (P < 0.05), but not plasma osmolality (Posm, 288 +/- 1 and 287 +/- 1, for control and E2, respectively). Hypertonic saline infusion increased Posm by 18 +/- 1 and 17 +/- 1 mosmol/kgH2O and P[AVP] by 5.2 +/- 0.5 and 4.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml for control and E2 treatments, respectively. The P[AVP]-Posm relationship shifted upward after E2, with no change in sensitivity (slope, 0.36 +/- 0.02 and 0.33 +/- 0.03 pg.ml-1.mosmol-1 for control and E2, respectively). Water intake was similar between control and E2 (24 vs. 22 ml/kg), but by 180 min of drinking, urine output and free water clearance (CH2O) were reduced by 5.6 +/- 2.3 ml/kg and 2.6 +/- 2.0 ml/min, respectively (P < 0.05) after E2. Plasma aldosterone concentration was unaffected by E2, but fractional sodium excretion was reduced from 2.7 +/- 0.5 to 1.7 +/- 0.4% (P < 0.05) at 180 min of drinking. Our data suggest that E2 augments osmotic AVP secretion, thereby implicating elevated AVP as a contributor to water retention in high E2 states; however, an increase in renal sodium reabsorption was a major component of the enhanced fluid retention.
GCR3 encodes an acidic protein that is required for expression of glycolytic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

Screening of a mutagenized strain carrying a multicopy ENO1-'lacZ fusion plasmid revealed a new mutation affecting several glycolytic enzyme activities. The recessive single nuclear gene mutation, named gcr3, caused an extremely defective growth phenotype on fermentable carbon sources such as glucose, while growth on respiratory media was almost normal. The GCR3 gene was obtained by growth complementation from a genomic DNA library, and the complemented strains had normal enzyme levels. GCR3 gene was sequenced, and a 99,537-Da protein was predicted. The predicted GCR3 protein was fairly acidic (net charge, -34). The C-terminal region was highly charged, and an acidic stretch was found in it.
Applying a New HSE Measurement System (2002)

Abstract Conventional safety performance measurements can be grossly misleading because (1) they are susceptible to deceptive record keeping, and (2) they summarize the past and cannot reliably predict the future. A new system is being tested in a major oil company's Gulf of Mexico drilling operations. This system ignores the usual accident frequency and severity ratios, like the OSHA Recordable Rate or OSHA Lost Time, and employs closely defined standards for evaluating corrective actions from accident reports and other sources. Simple arithmetic then can produce a number ranging from zero to 300 that appears to be a reliable indicator of future safety performance. Testing is in progress to determine how well this system can forecast long-range safety performance for management purposes.
Supersampling and Network Reconstruction of Urban Mobility (2015)

Understanding human mobility is of vital importance for urban planning, epidemiology, and many other fields that draw policies from the activities of humans in space. Despite the recent availability of large-scale data sets of GPS traces or mobile phone records capturing human mobility, typically only a subsample of the population of interest is represented, giving a possibly incomplete picture of the entire system under study. Methods to reliably extract mobility information from such reduced data and to assess their sampling biases are lacking. To that end, we analyzed a data set of millions of taxi movements in New York City. We first show that, once they are appropriately transformed, mobility patterns are highly stable over long time scales. Based on this observation, we develop a supersampling methodology to reliably extrapolate mobility records from a reduced sample based on an entropy maximization procedure, and we propose a number of network-based metrics to assess the accuracy of the predicted vehicle flows. Our approach provides a well founded way to exploit temporal patterns to save effort in recording mobility data, and opens the possibility to scale up data from limited records when information on the full system is required.
Extraction of β-lactamase from <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (1994)

Journal Article Extraction of β-lactamase from Moraxella catarrhalis Get access CHANG-PHONE FUNG, CHANG-PHONE FUNG aSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-TaipeiTaipei, Taiwan, 11217, ROCbDepartment of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeTurner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SIEW-FAH YEO, SIEW-FAH YEO bDepartment of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeTurner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID M. LIVERMORE DAVID M. LIVERMORE bDepartment of Medical Microbiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeTurner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 34, Issue 1, July 1994, Pages 183–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/34.1.183 Published: 01 July 1994
Fast transient infrared thermal analysis of smart Power MOSFETS in permanent short circuit operation (2006)

Automotive smart power MOSFETs are submitted to very high power dissipation when they operate in short circuit conditions. The consequential fast temperature cycling stresses the device structure and challenges its reliability. A not conventional 2D thermal measurement method permitted the thermal analysis of extremely fast thermal transients. This made feasible the definition of new smart power design rules to reduce stressing temperature peaks so improving significantly their reliability
Multinuclear NMR of Calcium Fructoborate Complex – Structure, Stability, and Quantitation in the Presence of Other Ingredients, Excipients or Adulterants (2014)

<p>FruiteX-B<sup>®</sup>- calcium fructoborate (FrxB) plant mineral complex was investigated in this study. Although calcium fructoborate is naturally-occurring and found in commonly ingested fruits and vegetables, the commercially produced FrxB calcium fructoborate complex is formed by a proprietary reaction of boric acid with fructose and calcium carbonate. Liquid and solid-state <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>11</sup>B NMR were utilized in order to establish a baseline standard of FrxB for product quality purposes, to establish a reliable methodology to positively identify and quantify amounts of FrxB present in tablets and capsules, liquids and powdered blends wherein the FrxB may have been mixed with other ingredients, excipients, or adulterants such as maltodextrin or magnesium stearate, and to establish a robust and reliable testing method for the identification and quantification of the mono- and the di-complexes of calcium fructoborate as well as any free borate and/or free fructose that may be present. The molar ratio of the various components of calcium fructoborate was studied by <sup>11</sup>B and <sup>13</sup>C NMR in order to establish the relative amounts of free borate, free fructose, and mono-ester/di-ester complex present in the material. A quantitative <sup>11</sup>B NMR method was developed to enable quantification of the amount of FrxB present in products wherein it had been tableted or encapsulated in combination with other dietary supplement ingredients, or excipients such as magnesium stearate or maltodextrin. A quantitative <sup>13</sup>C NMR method was developed to quantify free fructose content in the complex. Finally, an NMR based product stability study was performed to monitor molecular level stability of the complex at temperatures ranging from 35-70 ºC with exposures lasting from 2-18 hours.</p><p> </p>
Master and slave oscillator array system for very large multiline lasers (1978)

A new system concept, a master and slave oscillator array for very large multiline lasers, is described. This system provides a solution to the optical problem associated with these lasers-efficient power extraction with good beam quality. It also permits coherent optical adaptive techniques and fast electric steering and focusing. The slave oscillators are phase-locked to the master oscillator, and their output beams are coherently recombined as in a radar phase array. Beam steering and focusing are achieved by controlling the phases of each slave oscillator. Efficient power extraction is achieved by oscillating at several selected nu-J transitions. The system is described, and its merits, potential performance, and critical technical issues are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Methylsansalvamide, a Cytotoxic Cyclic Depsipeptide from a Marine Fungus of the Genus Fusarium. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Sequence of 55 kb on the Left Arm of Yeast Chromosome XVI Identifies a Small Nuclear RNA, a New Putative Protein Kinase and Two New Putative Regulators (1996)

We have sequenced and analysed a 55 786 bp fragment located on the left arm of chromosome XVI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence contains 29 non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp, among which 12 genes have previously been sequenced: OYE3, REV3, SVS1, BEM4, CDC60, KIP2, PEP4, SPK1, PAL1, KES1, SNR17B and RPL37A. Three new ORFs, P2591, P2594 and P2597 are highly homologous to the human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator PTPA, to the pleiotropic regulator PRL1 of PP1 and PP2a protein phosphatases in plants and to the protein kinase PAR-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. Three other ORFs, P2545, P2567 and P2578 have significant homology with ORFs of unknown function located on yeast chromosomes VIII, XVI and IV respectively. The sequences in nucleotides and in amino acids have been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X96770.