gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of a<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Gene Encoding a Purifed Protein Derivative Protein That Elicits Strong Tuberculosis‐Specific Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity (2000)

The purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test has been used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis for more than 75 years. However, the test lacks specificity because all mycobacteria share antigens present in PPD. Therefore, sensitization with nontuberculous pathogenic or with environmental nonpathogenic mycobacteria can lead to positive skin tests. This communication describes a novel PPD protein present only in tuberculous complex mycobacteria. A recombinant protein was obtained and named DPPD on the basis of the first 4 amino acids of its N-terminus sequence. DPPD elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in 100% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected guinea pigs but in no animals sensitized with several organisms representative of all members of the Mycobacterium genus. Preliminary results indicate that DPPD induces strong and specific DTH in humans. This work points to the definition of a single recombinant M. tuberculosis protein that may be an alternative to the PPD test.
Hydrogen-Treated TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2011)

We report the first demonstration of hydrogen treatment as a simple and effective strategy to fundamentally improve the performance of TiO(2) nanowires for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Hydrogen-treated rutile TiO(2) (H:TiO(2)) nanowires were prepared by annealing the pristine TiO(2) nanowires in hydrogen atmosphere at various temperatures in a range of 200-550 °C. In comparison to pristine TiO(2) nanowires, H:TiO(2) samples show substantially enhanced photocurrent in the entire potential window. More importantly, H:TiO(2) samples have exceptionally low photocurrent saturation potentials of -0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl (0.4 V vs RHE), indicating very efficient charge separation and transportation. The optimized H:TiO(2) nanowire sample yields a photocurrent density of ∼1.97 mA/cm(2) at -0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl, in 1 M NaOH solution under the illumination of simulated solar light (100 mW/cm(2) from 150 W xenon lamp coupled with an AM 1.5G filter). This photocurrent density corresponds to a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ∼1.63%. After eliminating the discrepancy between the irradiance of the xenon lamp and solar light, by integrating the incident-photon-to-current-conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum of the H:TiO(2) nanowire sample with a standard AM 1.5G solar spectrum, the STH efficiency is calculated to be ∼1.1%, which is the best value for a TiO(2) photoanode. IPCE analyses confirm the photocurrent enhancement is mainly due to the improved photoactivity of TiO(2) in the UV region. Hydrogen treatment increases the donor density of TiO(2) nanowires by 3 orders of magnitudes, via creating a high density of oxygen vacancies that serve as electron donors. Similar enhancements in photocurrent were also observed in anatase H:TiO(2) nanotubes. The capability of making highly photoactive H:TiO(2) nanowires and nanotubes opens up new opportunities in various areas, including PEC water splitting, dye-sensitized solar cells, and photocatalysis.
Universal VLSI Based on a Redundant Multiple-Valued Sequential Logic Operation (2007)

In the next-generation VLSI, it is desired to achieve ultimate flexibility and a high-performance low-power operation equivalent to that of a full-custom VLSI. In this paper, a reconfigurable VLSI which realizes a high-performance sequential logic circuit based on a bit-serial operation is proposed. A universal sequential logic module (USLM) suitable for local data transfer in a programmed sequential logic circuit is presented. A redundant multiple-valued sequential logic operation is also proposed, where linear summation of time-by-time adjacent bits is fully utilized to increase the input/output throughput of a sequential logic circuit. Moreover, packet data transfer scheme is introduced to make programmable interconnection possible in the bit-serial data transfer between cells composed of the multiple USLMs.
Tragopogon dubius Scop. in Nederland (1957)

Op de berm van de grote weg vlak bij het grenskantoor van Reusel (N.Br.) vond ik in Augustus 1955 een vrij groot aantal exemplaren van een Tragopogon, die ik niet thuis kon brengen. De grote hoofdjes op aan de top sterk verdikte stelen deden me aan T. porrifolius denkens, maar de weinige nog aanwezige bloemen waren helder geel, als hij onze gewone T. pratensis. Ik overwoog of ik misschien met een kruisingsproduct van T. porrifolius en T. pratensis te doen had, maar dat was toch niet waarschijnlijk. Bastaarden van deze twee soorten vertonen altijd een intermediaire bloemkleur. Een oplossing werd niet gevonden, omdat de mogelijkheid van een voor Nederland nieuwe Tragopogon niet in me opkwam en er dus geen buitenlandse flora werd opgeslagen. Toen ik echter deze zomer op een excursie in Tirol Tragopogon dubius leerde kennen, werd het me duidelijk, dat dit eigenlijk wel eens een oude kennis kon zijn. Bij terugkeer in Leiden werden de in Reusel verzamelde planten nog eens bekeken. Ze bleken inderdaad tot T. dubius Scop. te behoren en wel tot de ssp. major (Jacq.) Vollm. De vondst is reeds vermeld in de lijst van nieuwe plantesoorten enz. in De Levende Natuur 59, 1956, p. 261 maar het leek me goed er hier nog eens de aandacht op te vestigen. De gele Tragopogons lijken sterk op elkaar en de nieuweling zou gemakkelijk voorbijgelopen kunnen worden. Ze heeft het Nederlandse burgerrecht nog wel niet op overtuigende wijze verkregen, want de planten werden vrijwel op de grens met BelgiÃ« gevonden, maar ze zou zich kunnen verspreiden of elders al vaste voet hebben gekregen. We moeten met nieuwe Composieten op onze hoede zijn! Het natuurlijke areaal van T. dubius ligt niet zo ver van onze grenzen. Het reikt tot N.- Frankrijk en Midden-Duitsland en aan pogingen van de soort om met âs mensen hulp het areaal te vergroten schijnt het niet te ontbreken. Zo deelde Ir. De Langhe mondeling mee, dat de soort ook in BelgiÃ« gesignaleerd is. Is ze daar mogelijk aan ât inburgeren? Het uitkijken is dus naar een gele Tragopogon met knotsvormige hoofdjes â stelen. Wie die vindt, heeft zeker T. dubius te pakken.
Understanding physiological responses to pre‐treatment inhibitors in ethanologenic fermentations (2012)

Abstract Alcohol‐based liquid fuels feature significantly in the political and social agendas of many countries, seeking energy sustainability. It is certain that ethanol will be the entry point for many sustainable processes. Conventional ethanol production using maize‐ and sugarcane‐based carbohydrates with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well established, while lignocellulose‐based processes are receiving growing interest despite posing greater technical and scientific challenges. A significant challenge that arises from the chemical hydrolysis of lignocellulose is the generation of toxic compounds in parallel with the release of sugars. These compounds, collectively termed pre‐treatment inhibitors, impair metabolic functionality and growth. Their removal, pre‐fermentation or their abatement, via milder hydrolysis, are currently uneconomic options. It is widely acknowledged that a more cost effective strategy is to develop resistant process strains. Here we describe and classify common inhibitors and describe in detail the reported physiological responses that occur in second‐generation strains, which include engineered yeast and mesophilic and thermophilic prokaryotes. It is suggested that a thorough understanding of tolerance to common pre‐treatment inhibitors should be a major focus in ongoing strain engineering. This review is a useful resource for future metabolic engineering strategies.
Signal Acquisition of High-Speed Periodic Signals Using Incoherent Sub-Sampling and Back-End Signal Reconstruction Algorithms (2010)

This paper presents a high-speed periodic signal acquisition technique using incoherent sub-sampling and back-end signal reconstruction algorithms. The signal reconstruction algorithms employ a frequency domain analysis for frequency estimation, and suppression of jitter-induced sampling noise. By switching the sampling rate of a digitizer, the analog frequency value of the sampled signal can be recovered. The proposed signal reconstruction uses incoherent sub-sampling to reduce hardware complexity. The results of simulation and hardware experiments indicate that the proposed signal reconstruction algorithms are able to reconstruct multi-tone high-speed periodic signals in the discrete time domain. The new signal acquisition technique simplifies signal acquisition hardware for testing and characterization of high-speed analog and digital signals.
Role of CD40-Dependent Down-Regulation of CD154 in Impaired Induction of CD154 in CD4+ T Cells from HIV-1-Infected Patients (2007)

CD40-CD154 interaction is pivotal for cell-mediated immunity. There are contradictory reports on whether HIV-1 infection impairs CD154 induction. The interaction between CD40 and CD154 is important not only because it results in activation of APCs but also because it controls CD154 by diminishing expression of this molecule. Compared with healthy controls, CD4(+) T cells from HIV-1(+) patients had impaired induction of CD154 when T cell activation was mediated by CD40(+) APCs. In contrast, T cell activation in the absence of these cells resulted in normal CD154 expression. CD154 induction in HIV-1(+) patients and controls were similar upon blockade of CD40-CD154 binding. Defective regulation of CD154 appeared to occur downstream of the control of mRNA levels because up-regulation of CD154 mRNA was not impaired by HIV-1 infection. This work identifies CD40 as a mediator of impaired CD154 induction in HIV-1 infection and explains why this defect was not detected by studies where T cell activation was triggered independently of CD40(+) APCs. In addition, dysregulation of CD154 in HIV-1 infection likely contributes to immunodeficiency because diminished expression of CD154 induced by CD40 is of functional relevance, resulting in decreased dendritic cell maturation.
GABA and neuropeptides in the CNS (1985)

I. Distribution of neuropeptides in the Central nervous system using biochemical micromethods (M. Palkovits and M.J. Brownstein). II. General morphological features of peptidergic neurons (V.M. Pickel). III. Vasopressin, oxytocin and their related neurophysins (M.V. Sofroniew). IV. LHRH-containing systems (J. Barry, G.E. Hoffman and S. Wray). V. alpha-endorphin, beta-MSH, ACTH, and related peptides (H. Khachaturian, M.E. Lewis, Kang Tsou and S.J. Watson). VI. Distribution of enkephalin-containing neurons in the central nervous system (P. Petrusz, I. Merchenthaler and J.L. Maderdrut). VII. VIP-containing neurons (G.M. Abrams, G. Nilaver and E.A. Zimmerman). VIII. Neurotensin-containing neurons (P.C. Emson, M. Goedert and P.W. Mantyh). IX. Neuronal-cholecystokinin (J.J. Vanderhaeghen). X. An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals in the rat CNS as revealed by GAD immunohistochemistry (E. Mugnaini and W.H. Oertel). Subject index.
Genotypes and haplotypes of matrix metalloproteinase 1, 3 and 12 genes and the risk of lung cancer (2005)

The MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) are a family of secreted zinc metalloproteases that degrade the collagens of the extracellular matrix important in tissue remodeling and repair during development and inflammation. We investigated the associations between polymorphisms of MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G, rs1799750), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A, rs3025058), and MMP-12 (-82AG, rs2276109, and 1082A/G, rs652438) and the risk of lung cancer in 2014 Caucasian lung cancer patients and 1323 healthy controls. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. The four polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Except for the 1G-1082A, the other linkage disequilibrium tests between the four MMP polymorphisms were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no overall association between individual MMP polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. The MMP polymorphisms jointly were associated with a non-statistically significant higher risk of lung cancer, with the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of subjects with 5+ variant alleles versus zero variant allele of 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-1.88]. Stronger associations were observed in never-smokers and males, with the corresponding AORs of 2.44 (95%CI, 1.10-5.43, P(trend) = 0.04) in never smokers and 1.35 (95%CI, 0.79-2.30, P(trend) = 0.04) in men. In haplotype analysis, the 1G-6A-82A-1082G haplotype was associated with higher risk of lung cancer among never smokers, with the AOR of 3.65 (95%CI, 1.62-8.20) when compared with the most common 1G-5A-82A-1082A haplotype. In conclusion, the combined MMP genotypes and associated haplotypes may be associated with higher risk of lung cancer, particularly among never smokers and men.
ActiveCDN: Cloud Computing Meets Content Delivery Networks (2011)

Content delivery networks play a crucial role in today's Internet. They serve a large portion of the multimedia on the Internet and solve problems of scalability and indirectly network congestion (at a price). However, most content delivery networks rely on a statically deployed configuration of nodes and network topology that makes it hard to grow and scale dynamically. We present ActiveCDN, a novel CDN architecture that allows a content publisher to dynamically scale their content delivery services using network virtualization and cloud computing techniques.
Development and evaluation of herbal wound healing formulations. (2009)

The aerial parts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and rhizomes Curcuma longa (L.) were collected, dried under shade and extracted with ethanol and water respectively. These extracts were dried. Aloe barbadensis concentrated gel powder was obtained as free sample. Each extract and Aloe gel was added with appropriate proportion in cream base and evaluated for wound healing activity against povidone iodine ointment. In excision wound model the complete wound healing was observed with cream formulation I and II treated rats was observed in 18 days where as povidone iodine ointment took 16 days. In incision wound model tensile strength of formulations I and II was found to be 366.08±2.32 and 351.35±3.29 gm respectively. Tensile strength of povidone iodine ointment was found 379.98±2.95 gm. Herbal formulation I and II took two days more for complete wound healing as compared to povidone iodine ointment.
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Biochemical Changes in Individual Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in the Pre- and Postprandial State (2005)

Individual triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) particles derived from human volunteers are nondestructively analyzed by laser tweezers Raman microspectroscopy, and information on their composition and distribution is obtained. The Raman signature of single optically trapped very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), a subclass of TGRL, which play an important role in cardiovascular disease, exhibits distinct peaks associated with molecular vibrations of fatty acids, proteins, lipids, and structural rearrangements of lipids. Our analysis of pre- and postprandial VLDL exhibits the signature of biochemical changes in individual lipoprotein particles following the consumption of meals. Interaction of VLDL with endothelium leads to the breakdown of complex triacylglycerols and the formation of a highly ordered core of free saturated fatty acids in the particle. A particle distribution analysis reveals trends in the degree to which this process has occurred in particles at different times during the postprandial period. Differences in particle distributions based on the different ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fats in the consumed meals are also easily discerned. Individual lipoprotein particles hydrolyzed in vitro through addition of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) exhibit strikingly similar changes in their Raman spectra. These results demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring the dynamics of lipid metabolism of individual TGRL particles as they interact with LpL in the endothelial cell wall using Raman spectroscopy.
Preparation and antibacterial activity of .DELTA.1-thienamycin (1981)

delta 1-Thienamycin (2), a double-bond isomer of thienamycin, was prepared by isomerizing N-[[(p-nitrobenzyl)oxy]-carbonyl]thienamycin p-nitrobenzyl ester (5b) with DBU in Me2SO followed by hydrogenolysis of the protecting groups. When evaluated in a disc-diffusion antibacterial assay, delta 1-thienamycin was found to be essentially devoid of activity. The lack of antibacterial activity was ascribed to a chemically less reactive beta-lactam amide bond than that found in thienamycin.
Carcinoma of the Rectum (1940)

IT WAS DIFFICULT TO REALIZE that Mr. A, the traffic policeman, was the same Mr. A who was a patient. As a policeman he must have been fearless and strong, but as a patient he had a great lack of courage. Once again we are reminded that our patients do not react the same when ill as when they are well. Mr. A had come to us from a distant city and he was very lonely for his wife and his son and daughter, whom he had left at home. He was especially proud of his eight-year-old son, Bob, and the tears would stream down his face as he told of
A Simple Way to Reduce Hysteresis and Creep When Using Piezoelectric Actuators (1988)

We present a simple way to compensate for hysteresis and creep in piezoelectric actuators. By inserting a capacitor in series with the piezoelectric actuator, we find a reduction in the size of the hysteresis loop. For a suitable small capacity in series, creep is eliminated.
Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorders at a Regional Referral Center (2011)

The aim was to systematically review genetic testing guidelines in the evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The Clinical Report published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)(1) recommended individualizing the workup, including karyotype and specific DNA testing for fragile X syndrome. A recent publication reported higher rates of abnormalities on CGH microarray (CMA) testing on children with ASD.(2) The medical records of 507 children seen through the Kirch Developmental Services Center were abstracted for genetic testing and factors associated with this testing. Abnormalities were found on karyotype in 2.3% and in DNA for fragile X in 0.04%. The author concludes that the diagnostic yield of the genetic testing was low in this population. Furthermore, their findings support the theory that CMA can be considered as part of the initial genetic screening in children with ASD in most situations. Future studies will need to be done prospectively to evaluate children in a standard fashion.
Using Wireline Formation Evaluation Tools To Characterize Coalbed Methane Formations (2007)

Abstract Wireline formation evaluation tools have been used for over 50 years in conventional formations to acquire formation pressures, permeability, fluid samples and many other reservoir characteristics. These same wireline tools have now been used successfully to characterize coal bed methane (CBM) formations in Alberta, Canada. Field case studies indicated that conventional pressure transient analysis can be used to interpret CBM wireline formation pressure draw down and build up transients. Downhole optical tools were used during pump out to predict formation fluids in place and determine in situ critical desorption pressures. This method of formation characterization offers a potentially superior and more complete method of acquiring CBM formation properties than more traditional injection fall off tests. Ambiguities caused by fall off testing can be caused by inflation of coal cleats and fractures, multi-phase permeability and well bore storage. Formation pressures, permeabilities, in situ critical desorption pressure and formation fluid type are important reservoir properties in CBM plays as in any hydrocarbon bearing formation. Traditional methods of injection fall off data acquisition may be cost effective but difficulties in data quality and interpretation may not justify the initial cost savings.
A self-testing and calibration method for embedded successive approximation register ADC (2011)

This paper presents a self-testing and calibration method for the embedded successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). We first propose a low cost design-for-test (DfT) technique which tests a SAR ADC by characterizing its digital-to-analog converter (DAC) capacitor array. Utilizing DAC major carrier transition testing, the required analog measurement range is just 4 LSBs; this significantly lowers the test circuitry complexity. Then, we develop a fully-digital missing code calibration technique that utilizes the proposed testing scheme to collect the required calibration information. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed technique.
Existence, Functional Impairment, and Lung Repair Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Oxygen-Induced Arrested Alveolar Growth (2014)

Impaired ECFC function may contribute to arrested alveolar growth. Cord blood-derived ECFC therapy may offer new therapeutic options for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage.
Measuring the quality of chiropractic alternative care in a managed care environment. (1998)

Today's health care environment is more consumer driven with regard to quality issues, and consumers want open access to alternative care, which includes chiropractic care. Given the growing demand for quality, the majority of the top health care plans are requiring their providers to participate in a credentialing process and an on-site office review. These standards allow managed care organizations to make an informed, objective decision regarding the network selection process of chiropractic providers.
Exploring recommendations under user-controlled data filtering (2018)

Traditionally, recommendation systems are built on the assumption that each service provider has full access to all user data generated on its platform. However, with increasing data privacy concerns and personal data protection regulation, service providers such as Google, Twitter, and Facebook are enabling their users to revisit, erase, and rectify their historical profiles. Future recommendation systems need to be robust to such profile modifications and user-controlled data filtering. In this paper, we explore how recommendation performance may be affected by time-sensitive user data filtering, that is, users choosing to share only recent "N days" of data. Using the MovieLens dataset as a testbed, we evaluated three widely used collaborative filtering algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate that filtering out historical user data does not significantly affect the overall recommendation performance, but its impact on individual users may vary. These findings challenge the common belief that more data is essential to better performance, and suggest a potential win-win solution for services and end users.