gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H-infinity Control Theory in Vehicle Diesel Fuel Injection Pump Control System Design (2010)

Diesel engine fuel pump servo regulator is a larger factor by changing the parameters of car. The control system uses solenoid coils to control the fuel regulator location of the overflow population. Containing linear servo solenoid coil is immersed in oil, with the temperature changes the viscosity of fuel oil also changed, so this control system for a larger parameter changes. In this paper, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> control theory is applied to diesel engine fuel pump regulator agencies, design the corresponding robust control system to overcome the impact of parameter changes.
Reduction of Video Compression Artifacts Based on Deep Temporal Networks (2018)

It has been shown that deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) reduce JPEG compression artifacts better than the previous approaches. However, the latest video compression standards have more complex artifacts than the JPEG, including the flickering which is not well reduced by the CNN-based methods developed for still images. Moreover, recent video compression algorithms include in-loop filters which reduce the blocking artifacts, and thus post-processing barely improves the performance. In this paper, we propose a temporal-CNN architecture to reduce the artifacts in video compression standards as well as in JPEG. Specifically, we exploit a simple CNN structure and introduce a new training strategy that captures the temporal correlation of the consecutive frames in videos. The similar patches are aggregated from the neighboring frames by a simple motion search method, and they are fed to the CNN, which further reduces the artifacts. Experiments show that our approach shows improvements over the conventional CNN-based methods with similar complexities for image and video compression standards, such as MPEG-2, AVC, and HEVC, with average PSNR gain of 1.27, 0.47, and 0.23 dB, respectively.
Substituted 2-Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones and Imidazolidine-2,4-diones as Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors Templates (2005)

The demonstration of the essential role of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in hydrolyzing endogenous bioactive fatty acid derivatives has launched the quest for the discovery of inhibitors for this enzyme. Along this line, a set of 58 imidazolidine-2,4-dione and 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives was evaluated as FAAH inhibitors. Among these compounds, 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives were previously described as CB(1) cannabinoid receptor ligands. In the present study, we synthesized several derivatives exhibiting interesting FAAH inhibitory activity and devoid of affinity for the CB(1) and CB(2) cannabinoid receptors. For instance, 3-heptyl-5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (14) and 5,5'-diphenyl-3-tetradecyl-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one (46) showed pI(50) values of 5.12 and 5.94, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that even though several 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and 3-substituted 5,5'-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives have been previously shown to behave as CB(1) cannabinoid receptor ligands, appropriate substitutions of these templates can result in FAAH inhibitors devoid of affinity for the cannabinoid receptors.
UFT and its metabolites inhibit the angiogenesis induced by murine renal cell carcinoma, as determined by a dorsal air sac assay in mice. (1999)

UFT, an anticancer agent that is composed of tegafur (FT) and uracil at a molar ratio of 1:4, is widely used in clinical practice in Japan to treat cancer patients requiring a long-term chemotherapy, and it is associated with few side effects, if any. In this study, we have evaluated the inhibitory effect of UFT against RENCA cell-induced angiogenesis by a dorsal air sac assay. Marked angiogenesis is induced by implantation of a chamber containing RENCA cells into mice. In this model, UFT showed a strong angiogenesis-inhibitory effect, whereas 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxifluridine were less effective. Additional experiments revealed FT to be effective component of UFT; uracil remained ineffective in the inhibition of angiogenesis. Moreover, we have found that gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone, the metabolites of FT, possess a potent angiogenesis inhibitory effect that is amplified when the compounds are administered by a continuous infusion. This may reflect a transition in blood concentration of each metabolite resulting from the administration of UFT. Similar results were also obtained with respect to 5-FU. It was suggested that UFT has a stronger angiogenesis-inhibitory effect than did other fluorinated pyrimidines, partly due to its pharmacokinetic properties characterized by maintaining of higher and long-lasting blood levels of 5-FU and partly due the inhibitory effects derived from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone, UFT-specific metabolites.
Efficient Benchmarking of Hyperparameter Optimizers via Surrogates (2015)

Hyperparameter optimization is crucial for achieving peak performance with many machine learning algorithms; however, the evaluation of new optimization techniques on real-world hyperparameter optimization problems can be very expensive. Therefore, experiments are often performed using cheap synthetic test functions with characteristics rather different from those of real benchmarks of interest. In this work, we introduce another option: cheap-to-evaluate surrogates of real hyperparameter optimization benchmarks that share the same hyperparameter spaces and feature similar response surfaces. Specifically, we train regression models on data describing a machine learning algorithm’s performance depending on its hyperparameter setting, and then cheaply evaluate hyperparameter optimization methods using the model’s performance predictions in lieu of running the real algorithm. We evaluated a wide range of regression techniques, both in terms of how well they predict the performance of new hyperparameter settings and in terms of the quality of surrogate benchmarks obtained. We found that tree-based models capture the performance of several machine learning algorithms well and yield surrogate benchmarks that closely resemble real-world benchmarks, while being much easier to use and orders of magnitude cheaper to evaluate.
New Methods for the Nonequilibrium Initialisation of Reservoir Models With Lateral and Vertical Variations in the Initial Fluid Composition (2006)

Abstract New methods have been developed to initialise a compositional model for a giant Middle East reservoir where the initial H2S mol% varies laterally from close to 0 to around 20 and vertically from close to 0 to around 20, being highest at the lower parts of the reservoir. Conventional initialisation methods assume equilibrium, assigning the same composition to any grid block at a given depth. Two different new method, triangulation and surface-fit, are used to capture observed lateral non-equilibrium variations. Vertical variations in fluid composition are simulated using a gravity segregation model as in the conventional method. The non-equilibrium methods use data on the variation in fluid composition and pressure derived from 18 representative fluid samples collected from wells early in the field history. The stability of both non-equilibrium methods was initially verified through no-production reservoir simulations. Simulations were carried out to compare results using the conventional equilibrium method and the new non-equilibrium method. An improved level of detail was verified by monitoring the development of H2S mol% in the produced fluids in three selected groups of wells from regions of the reservoir with different initial levels of H2S mol%. Field development planning is greatly improved as production predictions now incorporate the regional variations in H2S mol% into the future. Same level of detail can be obtained for other components from the same simulations. As the more sour areas of the field are developed, the new model enables the prediction of H2S mol% and CO2 mol% for the engineering design of new facilities at remote stations and at the main processing plant.
Efficient continuous-duty Bitter-type electromagnets for cold atom experiments (2013)

We present the design, construction, and characterization of Bitter-type electromagnets which can generate high magnetic fields under continuous operation with efficient heat removal for cold atom experiments. The electromagnets are constructed from a stack of alternating layers consisting of copper arcs and insulating polyester spacers. Efficient cooling of the copper is achieved via parallel rectangular water cooling channels between copper layers with low resistance to flow; a high ratio of the water-cooled surface area to the volume of copper ensures a short length scale (~1 mm) to extract dissipated heat. High copper fraction per layer ensures high magnetic field generated per unit energy dissipated. The ensemble is highly scalable and compressed to create a watertight seal without epoxy. From our measurements, a peak field of 770 G is generated 14 mm away from a single electromagnet with a current of 400 A and a total power dissipation of 1.6 kW. With cooling water flowing at 3.8 l/min, the coil temperature only increases by 7 °C under continuous operation.
Green light emitting diodes accelerate wound healing: Characterization of the effect and its molecular basis in vitro and in vivo (2012)

Because light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are low-coherent, quasimonochromatic, and nonthermal, they are an alternative for low level laser therapy, and have photobiostimulative effects on tissue repair. However, the molecular mechanism(s) are unclear, and potential effects of blue and/or green LEDs on wound healing are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of red (638 nm), blue (456 nm), and green (518 nm) LEDs on wound healing. In an in vivo study, wound sizes in the skin of ob/ob mice were significantly decreased on day 7 following exposure to green LEDs, and complete reepithelialization was accelerated by red and green LEDs compared with the control mice. To better understand the molecular mechanism(s) involved, we investigated the effects of LEDs on human fibroblasts in vitro by measuring mRNA and protein levels of cytokines secreted by fibroblasts during the process of wound healing and on the migration of HaCat keratinocytes. The results suggest that some cytokines are significantly increased by exposure to LEDs, especially leptin, IL-8, and VEGF, but only by green LEDs. The migration of HaCat keratinocytes was significantly promoted by red or green LEDs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that green LEDs promote wound healing by inducing migratory and proliferative mediators, which suggests that not only red LEDs but also green LEDs can be a new powerful therapeutic strategy for wound healing.
Microbiology Science Central Journals Covered by the Science Citation Index (2008)

Based on the data of the ISI Journal Citation Report in 2006 edition,a statistics for the 88 mi-crobiology science journals has been made. The results showed that these 88 learned journals were published in 16 countries with 3 languages,especially English. And the main countries were United States,England,Netherlands and Japan. The average data of articles and total cites of the 88 journals were 165 and 5226.64,respectively. Moreover,the average data of impact factor and immediacy factor were 3.154,0.45 and 5.84,respectively. Finally,fifty-five learned journals with impact factor over 2.0 were introduced from these jour-nals to be referenced.
Identification of the lipopolysaccharide modifications controlled by the <i>Salmonella</i> PmrA/PmrB system mediating resistance to Fe(III) and Al(III) (2006)

Iron is an essential metal but can be toxic in excess. While several homeostatic mechanisms prevent oxygen-dependent killing promoted by Fe(II), little is known about how cells cope with Fe(III), which kills by oxygen-independent means. Several Gram-negative bacterial species harbour a regulatory system - termed PmrA/PmrB - that is activated by and required for resistance to Fe(III). We now report the identification of the PmrA-regulated determinants mediating resistance to Fe(III) and Al(III) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We establish that these determinants remodel two regions of the lipopolysaccharide, decreasing the negative charge of this major constituent of the outer membrane. Remodelling entails the covalent modification of the two phosphates in the lipid A region with phosphoethanolamine and 4-aminoarabinose, which has been previously implicated in resistance to polymyxin B, as well as dephosphorylation of the Hep(II) phosphate in the core region by the PmrG protein. A mutant lacking the PmrA-regulated Fe(III) resistance genes bound more Fe(III) than the wild-type strain and was defective for survival in soil, suggesting that these PmrA-regulated lipopolysaccharide modifications aid Salmonella's survival and spread in non-host environments.
Femtosecond laser crystallization of amorphous Ge (2011)

Ultrafast crystallization of amorphous germanium (a-Ge) in ambient has been studied. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown a-Ge was irradiated with single femtosecond laser pulses of various durations with a range of fluences from below melting to above ablation threshold. Extensive use of Raman scattering has been employed to determine post solidification features aided by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Linewidth of the Ge optic phonon at 300 cm−1 as a function of laser fluence provides a signature for the crystallization of a-Ge. Various crystallization regimes including nanostructures in the form of nanospheres have been identified.
Interactive computer graphics and macromolecular structures (1972)

In 1964 on Project MAC at MIT, Levinthal and Langridge first applied interactive computer graphics to molecular model building (1, 2). Since then a number of laboratories have developed computer graphics systems to suit their particular needs (3, 4, 5, 6). I shall begin by describing the system that we have developed in the Princeton University Computer Graphics Laboratory during the past year to investigate macromolecular structures.
MOTOGENIC AND BIOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF ADULT SKIN FIBROBLASTS TO TGF‐β ISOFORMS (−1, −2 AND −3) DETERMINED BY ‘TISSUE RESPONSE UNIT’: ROLE OF CELL DENSITY AND SUBSTRATUM (1999)

We have recently demonstrated that the three principal mammalian isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) exert distinct effects upon: (1) the migration of confluent adult fibroblasts into 3D gels of native type I collagen fibres (i.e. TGF-beta-1 and -2 had no apparent motogenic activity, whilst TGF-beta-3 induced a dose-dependent stimulation of cell migration); and (2) the synthesis of hyaluronan (HA) by these cells is also affected by the TGF-beta isoforms in a manner which parallels their effect on cell migration. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the manner in which this differential activity of the TGF-beta-1, -2 and -3 may be modulated by experimental parameters. Data presented in this communication indicate that cytokine bioactivity is determined by a combination of cell density and the nature of the macromolecular substratum. Thus, we now report that all three TGF-beta isoforms inhibit the migration of subconfluent cells in the collagen gel assay. Our data confirm that the migration of confluent cells is stimulated by TGF-beta-3 and further indicate that this motogenic activity is completely abrogated by either TGF-beta-1 or -2 when these are co-incubated with TGF-beta-3. In contrast to these results obtained using a native type I collagen substratum, all three isoforms stimulated adult fibroblast migration in the transmembrane assay (in which cells are adherent to a 2-D porous polycarbonate substratum). The precise effect of TGF-beta isoforms on HA synthesis was also affected by cell density and the nature of the substratum in a manner which paralleled their diverse effects on cell migration (i.e. stimulation, inhibition or no effect). Streptomyces hyaluronidase completely neutralized the TGF-beta-3-induced stimulation of confluent fibroblast migration, thus suggesting a mechanistic link between the cytokine-induced cell migration and HA synthesis under these conditions. Taken together, these data indicate that: (1) the bioactivity of TGF-beta-1, -2 and -3 are determined by cell density, the macromolecular substratum and the presence of other cytokines; and (2) it is therefore necessary to define cytokine bioactivity within the context of a larger 'tissue response unit' which more fully defines the activity state of the target cell and its microenvironment.
Evaluation of Current Dental Radiographs Segmentation Approaches in Computer-aided Applications (2013)

With a wide variety researches on Image segmentation techniques in biomedical and bioinformatics area, it is important to analyze the performance of these approaches in specific problems. Image segmentation is one of the most significant processes of dental X-ray image analysis. Therefore, to obtain the proper result, it is required to perform the accurate and efficient segmentation approach which proved itself in the aspect of X-ray image segmentation. The aim of this review paper is to understand the different image segmentation approaches which have been used for dental X-ray image analysis over the past studies. In this paper, different available approaches of dental X-ray image segmentation, reviewed and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations are discussed.
Understanding the 3 level Doherty (2016)

The Doherty amplifier is a well-known technique for improving efficiency of a power amplifier in a backed off condition. The standard 2 way Doherty amplifier with a peak in efficiency at 6dB back off and full power is commonly used and well understood. With the use of increasingly complex signals comes the requirement to move the peak in efficiency to higher levels of back off whilst maintaining efficiency up to full power output. This can be achieved with asymmetrical Doherty amplifiers or by utilising N-Way Doherty techniques. In this paper we will explain from first principles the operation of the 3 Level Doherty architecture based on an NXP design that uses three LDMOS transistors of equal size. Design challenges faced with this type of amplifier are presented and compared against conventional 3-Way Doherty architecture. Test results are presented which demonstrate a drain efficiency of greater than 40% at 10dB back off.
High-Resolution Near Surface Airborne Electromagnetics – SkyTEM Survey for Uranium Exploration at Pells Range, WA (2007)

SummaryThe SkyTEM airborne EM system has been deployed in Australia since late 2006, and has been flown for a variety of applications including salinity mapping, palaeochannel detection, geological mapping and base metals exploration. Economic geological applications of the system have included gold and uranium exploration, as well as direct detection of massive sulphides. The SkyTEM instrument was designed to produce airborne electromagnetic data of a quality comparable to that which can be obtained from existing ground TEM systems, and is unique in that it can alternately transmit in low-moment, early-time sampling, and high-moment, late-time sampling modes, thus providing a combination of high-resolution shallow information with a maximum depth of exploration comparable to that of other contemporary EM systems. The instrument directly measures parameters crucial to quantitative interpretation of the electromagnetic data, including pitch, roll and altitude of the transmitter and receiver as well as transmitted current.We demonstrate application of the SkyTEM system to palaeochannel mapping for uranium exploration at Pells Range, Western Australia. The SkyTEM data is shown to provide results in very good agreement with geological mapping and regional-scale drilling. The SkyTEM survey successfully mapped a paleochannel system within the Moogooloo Sandstone which is host to the uranium mineralisation.Key words:: airborne electromagneticsSkyTEMuraniumlaterally-constrained inversionspatiallyconstrained inversion
Soft Computing and Learning Techniques in the Modeling of Humanistic Systems (2012)

Although modern computer is the most revolutionary and most powerful tool developed in the twenty’s century, it is almost useless for the application of this tool to the not well defined humanistic systems such as politics, law, or even the many hour-to-hour small decisions people make routinely and daily. This is in spite of the fact that the human action of the cognitive band, which is of the order of seconds, is much slower than the speed of the modern computer. In this paper, the author shall first examine the basic differences between the scientific systems and the humanistic systems. Then based on these resulting differences, the author shall propose a neural-soft-computing combined approach, which is naturally suited for the vague and difficult to define humanistic systems. These combined systems are developed during the last approximately twenty years. Yet, it has not applied to the humanistic systems in a systematic and extensive manner. Some of the neural-soft-computing systems, also known as neural-evolutionary operational systems are the combined use of neural network, or support vector machine, with fuzzy system or fuzzy logic and evolutionary operational techniques such as genetic algorithm. Several of these systems are summarized and discussed as to why these systems seem more promising for the handling of humanistic systems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, several initial applications in the literature are summarized.
Improving network security monitoring for industrial control systems (2015)

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology plays an important role in the automation architectures of several critical infrastructures such as Industrial Control Systems (ICS), controlling equipment in contexts such as chemical processes, factory lines, power production plants or power distribution grids, just to mention a few examples. Despite their importance, PLCs constitute one of the weakest links in ICS security, frequently due to reasons such as the absence of secure communication mechanisms, authenticated access or system integrity checks. While events such as the Stuxnet worm have raised awareness for this problem, industry has slowly reacted, either due to reliability or cost concerns. This paper introduces the Shadow Security Unit, a low-cost device deployed in parallel with a PLC or Remote Terminal Unit (RTU), being capable of transparently intercepting its communications control channels and physical process I/O lines to continuously assess its security and operational status. The proposed device does not require significant changes to the existing control network, being able to work in standalone or integrated within an ICS protection framework.