gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GuideBeacon: Beacon-based indoor wayfinding for the blind, visually impaired, and disoriented (2017)

There are currently few options for navigational aids for the blind and visually impaired (BVI) in large indoor spaces. Such indoor spaces can be difficult to navigate even for the general sighted population if they are disoriented due to unfamiliarity or other reasons. This paper presents an indoor wayfinding system called GuideBeacon for the blind, visually impaired, and disoriented (BVID) that assists people in navigating between any two points within indoor environments. The GuideBeacon system allows users equipped with smartphones to interact with low cost Bluetooth-based beacons deployed strategically within the indoor space of interest to navigate their surroundings. This paper describes the technical challenges faced in designing such a system, the design decisions made in building the current version of the GuideBeacon system, the solutions developed to meet the technical challenges, and results from the evaluation of the system. Results presented in this paper obtained from field testing GuideBeacon with BVI and sighted participants suggests that it can be used by the BVID for navigation in large indoor spaces independently and effectively.
A multiple silicon-avalanche diode oscillator (1966)

The combination of many synchronized devices has been proposed as a simple way of obtaining larger amounts of coherent output power. However, the synchronous operation of many microwave oscillators is not straightforward and requires practical solutions of several problems connected with phase locking, mode selection, noise, etc. The purpose of this paper is to identify the more important problems and their solution, and to present the experimental results obtained with a 6 GHz oscillator. Using eight Si-avalanche diodes in a resistive hybrid, power-combiner, 2/3 watt of CW power has been obtained with an efficiency of 3.5 percent without any external locking signal. The carrier-to-single sideband noise ratio is about 100 db per one cycle bandwidth at a frequency 1 MHz away from the carrier, which is slightly better than that of the best individual oscillator. The application of a synchronizing FM signal 10 db below the oscillator output can be used for a 0.1 percent frequency deviation, with a maximum deviation from linear phase of about one degree.
Dynamic control of autonomous quadrotor flight in an estimated wind field (2013)

We present a nonlinear, dynamic controller for a 6DOF quadrotor operating in an estimated, spatially varying, turbulent wind field. The quadrotor dynamics include the aerodynamic effects of drag, rotor blade flapping, and induced thrust due to translational velocity and external wind fields. To control the quadrotor we use a dynamic input/output feedback linearization controller that estimates a parametric model of the wind field using a recursive Bayesian filter. Each rotor experiences a possibly different wind field, which introduces moments that are accounted for in the controller and allows flight in wind fields that vary over the length of the vehicle. We add noise to the wind field in the form of Dryden turbulence to simulate the algorithm in two applications: autonomous ship landing and quadrotor proximity flight.
Decoder side just noticeable distortion model estimation for efficient H.264/AVC based perceptual video coding (2010)

This paper proposes a decoder side estimation for a just noticeable distortion perceptual model integrated in the H.264/AVC codec to improve its RD performance. The proposed estimation avoids having to send the perceptual weights used during the quantization of each frequency coefficient. Experiments with high definition videos show that the novel perceptual video codec is able to reduce the bitrate up to about 34% at the cost of, at most, 1.2% objective multi scale structural similarity quality loss. Moreover, the RD performance with the estimation is comparable to the performance achieved if the original perceptual model is used at the decoder without considering the associated rate.
A Small-Aperture, Ultrawideband HF/VHF Direction-Finding System For Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2018)

A small-aperture HF/VHF direction-finding (DF) system is presented. The antenna aperture occupies a cubical volume with electrical dimensions of 0.0107λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.0107λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.0033λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at its lowest frequency of operation and is used for DF over a 100 : 1 bandwidth. The antenna array is composed of four hexagonal-cone-shaped monopoles on a finite ground plane. The antennas are loaded with top hats and exploit the near-field parasitic elements to obtain the realized gain values close to the theoretical limits over their entire frequency band of operation. A simple, yet robust null-steering technique is used both on its own and also in conjunction with the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, as signal-processing methods, to detect the direction of arrival of the wave over the entire 100 : 1 bandwidth. A scaled prototype of the antenna was fabricated and used to perform DF experiments in the field in the VHF-UHF band. The DF system demonstrates azimuthal bearing accuracies comparable to the Cramer-Rao-Lower-Bound values calculated for the measured received signal-to-noise ratios over the whole frequency range. The DF performance of the full-scale version of this antenna, when mounted on a representative unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is also examined through computer simulations. It is demonstrated that the proposed DF system can be effectively used in a typical UAV to perform DF in the HF, VHF, and low-UHF bands.
8-Methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-8<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>e</i>][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidin-5-amine methanol disolvate (2010)

In the title compound, C(14)H(10)F(3)N(7)·2CH(4)O, the heterocyclic ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.009 Å) and makes a dihedral angle of 6.91 (8)° with the attached benzene ring. In the crystal, the main mol-ecules form centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(8) dimers via pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the amino groups and pyrimidine N atoms. One of the independent methanol mol-ecules and its inversion equivalent are linked to the dimers via O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming R(4) (4)(16) graph-set motifs. The dimers along with the hydrogen-bonded methanol mol-ecules are stacked along the a axis, with π-π inter-actions between the pyrazole and triazole rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.4953 (10) Å].
Compatibility of Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Sulfate (THPS) and Ammonium Bisulfite (ABS) (2010)

Abstract A number of individual products or combination products for hydrostatic test applications are available depending on the conditions of the water and the preference of the operator. These products are most often oxygen scavengers, biocides and corrosion inhibitors. Recent reports have alluded to incompatibles existing between certain biocides and sulfite oxygen scavengers. In this paper the compatibility of the biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and the oxygen scavenger ammonium bisulfite (ABS) were explored. Performance testing of both the biocide in the presence of the oxygen scavenger and the oxygen scavenger in the presence of biocide are reported.
The smart wireless LAN system: physical layer design and results (2002)

The smart wireless LAN (SWL) system integrates SDMA with the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard to enable multiple users to transmit on a wireless LAN at the same time. The physical layer design of the SWL system allows for remote terminals to transmit and receive as specified in the 802.11 standard. The SWL base station uses an antenna array and SDMA techniques to simultaneously transmit and receive data from up to four terminals at once. Downlink is performed via a delay and combination at the base station while utilizing standard beamforming techniques. Uplink signals are separated and decoded at the base station using a simple pseudoinverse technique utilizing the spatial signature knowledge found previously. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using SDMA in our wireless LAN scenario. Computer simulation results show the feasibility and potential of this method.
Diphenylnitrenium Ion:  Cyclization, Electron Transfer, and Polymerization Reactions (2005)

Reactions of diphenylnitrenium ion were examined using laser flash photolysis (LFP), product analysis, and computational modeling using density functional theory (DFT). In the absence of trapping agents, diphenylnitrenium ion cyclizes to form carbazole. On the basis of laser flash photolysis experiments and DFT calculations it is argued that this process is a concerted cyclization/proton transfer that forms the H-4a tautomer of carbazole. Additional LFP experiments and product studies show that diphenylnitrenium ion reacts with electron-rich arenes (e.g., N,N-dimethylaniline, diphenylamine, and carbazole) through an initial one-electron transfer. The radical intermediates formed in this step then couple to form dimeric products. Secondary reactions between the diphenylnitrenium ion and these dimers results in the formation of oligomeric materials.
Integrated AlInAs/InGaAs HEMT/HBT heterostructure grown by MBE (2002)

We report on the integration of AlInAs/InGaAs HEMT and HBT on a single wafer by a single epitaxial growth sequence. The AlInAs/InGaAs emitter-base interface of the HBT is engineered to provide a pulse-doped HEMT structure. Both the HEMT and HBT characteristics are demonstrated successfully. Preliminary microwave measurements indicate both f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ are more than 20 GHz for integrated HEMTs with 1-/spl mu/m gatelength. This is the first demonstration of integrated HBT and HEMT operation on the same wafer without multiple regrowth sequences.
Identification of carbohydrate structures in glycoprotein peptide maps by the use of LC/MS with selected ion extraction with special reference to tissue plasminogen activator and a glycosylation variant produced by site directed mutagenesis (1993)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry utilizing a single quadrupole on line with reversed-phase HPLC (LC/MS) enables the characterization of glycoproteins in a relatively short period of time. In this approach the protein is digested with a suitable protease and the peptides are separated by reversed-phase HPLC and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The glycopeptides are initially observed as a cluster of negatively sloping ions in a contour plot of data from the LC/MS run (m/z vs retention time) or as a characteristics series of masses at different elution times. The search for a particular glycopeptide is based on previously known carbohydrate structures and on consensus glycosylation sites. Further structural information is obtainable with glycosidase digestion and LC/MS analysis. The mass shifts following glycosidase digestion allow further confirmation of the structure. This approach identifies the site of attachment of two hybrid glycoforms to the T11 tryptic peptide in a reversed-phase tryptic map of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Use of selected ion extraction of the LC/MS data files allows one to graphically describe the elution order of closely related glycopeptides. The potential of LC/MS for the characterization of small amounts of unknown glycoproteins is shown by the study of an rt-PA mutant. A new potential site for glycosylation is created by site directed mutagenesis of wild type rt-PA with replacement of a threonine residue with asparagine at residue 103. An examination of a tryptic map shows that the mutant contains two new complex carbohydrate chains. The introduction of the new asparagine proximal to asparagine 117 changes this native high-mannose site in rt-PA to a complex-type glycosylation. This method allows rapid identification of carbohydrate containing peptides and yields useful structural information on microgram amounts of material.
Copper Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Inflammatory and Cholestatic Liver Diseases in Dogs (2006)

Abstract Inherited defects of copper metabolism resulting in hepatic copper accumulation and oxidative-stress might cause breed-associated forms of hepatitis. Biliary excretion is the major elimination route of copper, therefore increased hepatic copper concentrations could also be caused by cholestasis. The aim of this study was to find criteria to determine whether copper-accumulation is primary or occurs secondary to hepatitis. Liver samples of Bedlington Terriers with copper toxicosis (CT), breeds with non-copper-associated chronic extrahepatic cholestasis (EC) or chronic hepatitis (CH), and healthy dogs were used. Copper metabolism was analyzed by means of histochemical staining (copper concentration) and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) on copper excretion/storage (ATOX1, COX17, ATP7A, ATP7B, CP, MT1A, MURR1, XIAP). Oxidative stress was measured by determining GSH/GSSG ratios and gene-expression (SOD1, CAT, GSHS, GPX1, CCS, p27KIP, Bcl-2). Results revealed 5+ copper in CT, but no or 1–2+ copper in EC and CH. Most gene products for copper metabolism remained at concentrations similar to healthy dogs. Three clear exceptions were observed in CT: 3-fold mRNA increase of ATP7A and XIAP and complete absence of MURR1. The only quantitative differences between the diseased and the control groups were in oxidative stress, evidenced by reductions in all GSH/GSSG ratios. We conclude that 3+ or higher histochemical detection of copper indicates a primary copper storage disease. The expression profile of copper-associated genes can be used as a reference for future studies on copper-associated diseases. All 3 diseases have reduced protection against oxidative stress, opening a rationale to use antioxidants as possible therapy.
What is Missing in Interlanguage? Acquisition of Determiners by Korean Learners of English (2002)

This study investigated the presence or absence of two new functional features at a later stage of second language (L2) acquisition by Korean learners of English. It tested the predictions of the Failed Functional Features Hypothesis, which says that new features of functional categories in a second language are not acquirable beyond the critical period, assuming full transfer of a first language and partial access to universal grammar in postpuberty. The study examined the acquisition of a new functional category and its related features in the domain of determiner phrase (DP) in an advanced stage of interlanguage development. Two Korean post-critical-period graduate students with advanced English proficiency participated in a grammaticality judgment task, and their performances were compared with that of an English native-speaking control. Results suggested that functional features present in the Ll, but not the L2, were absent in advanced learners' interlanguage. Implications of these findings for pedagogy are discussed in terms of provision of focused, explicit input, opportunities for output production, and timely feedback. The grammaticality judgment task is appended. (Contains 11 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Facilitation of postischemic reperfusion with alpha-PBN: assessment using NMR and Doppler flow techniques (1997)

We examined the effects of the free radical spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in halothane-anesthetized rats. Ninety minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion by an intraluminal filament, the artery was reperfused. Intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg PBN 5 min before and 30 min after insertion of the filament significantly attenuated the lesion volume measured 24 h after ischemia. During ischemia and during the first 30 min after reperfusion, cerebral blood volume and blood flow were measured by volume-sensitive and newly developed flow-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and by laser-Doppler flowmetry. In all animals the area of decreased blood flow was larger than the area of decreased volume by a factor of 2.2. The area of the postreperfusion flow deficits matched the final lesion volumes at 24 h measured histologically much better than did the blood volume deficits in both saline and PBN-treated animals. Reperfusion led to a return of blood flow and volume to values close to the contralateral side in the PBN-treated animals, in contrast to the saline-treated control group. We conclude that in focal ischemia/reperfusion PBN provides protection of the vascular endothelium, leading to enhanced postischemic reperfusion. The implication of this is that the vascular endothelium may be a primary target for the damaging action of free radicals given the protection afforded by putative spin traps.
Anochetus Brevidentatus, New Species, A Second Fossil Odontomachiti Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). (1991)

xBio:D Automated Upload
Identity management based security architecture of cloud computing on multi-agent systems (2013)

The model supplying the dynamic management of the users' identity federation was introduced. During the investigation process the working principle of the single sign on technologies and federated identity management mechanisms was studied, its current situation was investigated. With the implementation of multi-agent systems and the decision making solutions the identity federation dynamization was ensured.
Simulation of a scanned tip on a NaF(001) surface in friction force microscopy (1996)

The profiling process of a friction force microscope (FFM) tip scanning a NaF (001) surface is simulated using a simple model for the FFM based on the solution of the equations of motion. Complete friction force microscopy images as well as individual scan lines are calculated using a model potential for the tip-sample interaction. The nature of the movement of the tip in the interaction potential is analysed and demonstrates the two-dimensional character of the occurring lateral forces. Comparison with recent experimental studies shows good agreement of simulations and experimentally obtained data.
Web machine coordinated motion control via electronic line-shafting (2001)

Most current multi-axis web machine controllers are not designed to possess the inter-axis stiffness properties that were the inherent coordinating force in historical mechanically coupled "line-shafted" multi-axis web machines. As a result, these controllers cannot maintain coordination for all operating conditions. This paper presents the development of an "electronic line-shafting" control technique which serves to replicate and even improve on the historical mechanical line-shafted properties. This technique was implemented on a five-axes filament winding machine to evaluate such control during periods when the drive was in torque limit, velocity limit, or simply responding to asymmetric load-induced disturbances. The results demonstrate that the "electronic line-shafting" technique significantly improves the coordination, robustness, and overall stability of multi-axis web-handling machines subjected to realistic physical limitations.
Intra‐Articular Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Proof‐of‐Concept Clinical Trial (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have a potential for articular cartilage regeneration. However, most studies focused on focal cartilage defect through surgical implantation. For the treatment of generalized cartilage loss in osteoarthritis, an alternative delivery strategy would be more appropriate. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of intra-articular injection of autologous adipose tissue derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) for knee osteoarthritis. We enrolled 18 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and injected AD MSCs into the knee. The phase I study consists of three dose-escalation cohorts; the low-dose (1.0 × 10(7) cells), mid-dose (5.0 × 10(7)), and high-dose (1.0 × 10(8)) group with three patients each. The phase II included nine patients receiving the high-dose. The primary outcomes were the safety and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included clinical, radiological, arthroscopic, and histological evaluations. There was no treatment-related adverse event. The WOMAC score improved at 6 months after injection in the high-dose group. The size of cartilage defect decreased while the volume of cartilage increased in the medial femoral and tibial condyles of the high-dose group. Arthroscopy showed that the size of cartilage defect decreased in the medial femoral and medial tibial condyles of the high-dose group. Histology demonstrated thick, hyaline-like cartilage regeneration. These results showed that intra-articular injection of 1.0 × 10(8) AD MSCs into the osteoarthritic knee improved function and pain of the knee joint without causing adverse events, and reduced cartilage defects by regeneration of hyaline-like articular cartilage.
Collective and Individual Functions of Leptin Receptor Modulated Neurons Controlling Metabolism and Ingestion (2007)

Two known types of leptin-responsive neurons reside within the arcuate nucleus: the agouti gene-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neuron and the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron. By deleting the leptin receptor gene (Lepr) specifically in AgRP/NPY and/or POMC neurons of mice, we examined the several and combined contributions of these neurons to leptin action. Body weight and adiposity were increased by Lepr deletion from AgRP and POMC neurons individually, and simultaneous deletion in both neurons (A+P LEPR-KO mice) further increased these measures. Young (periweaning) A+P LEPR-KO mice exhibit hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure, with increased weight gain, oxidative sparing of triglycerides, and increased fat accumulation. Interestingly, however, many of these abnormalities were attenuated in adult animals, and high doses of leptin partially suppress food intake in the A+P LEPR-KO mice. Although mildly hyperinsulinemic, the A+P LEPR-KO mice displayed normal glucose tolerance and fertility. Thus, AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons each play mandatory roles in aspects of leptin-regulated energy homeostasis, high leptin levels in adult mice mitigate the importance of leptin-responsiveness in these neurons for components of energy balance, suggesting the presence of other leptin-regulated pathways that partially compensate for the lack of leptin action on the POMC and AgRP/NPY neurons.