gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and performance of a high speed surface inspection system for aluminium strip (2003)

An automatic inspection system for detecting surface defects in flat-rolled aluminium strip is described. The system inspects 100% of the top and bottom surface and incorporates powerful real-time defect classification capabilities. It provides significant operator assistance by displaying defect-triggered grey-scale images of the web surface during processing. The system, although fully automatic, is primarily for operator assistance. It supports the line operators in their final assessment of aluminium sheet surface quality. In addition, the system generates coil reports, which are loaded into a plantwide database. Basic system design and some operating features are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TrustLite (2014)

Embedded systems are increasingly pervasive, interdependent and in many cases critical to our every day life and safety. Tiny devices that cannot afford sophisticated hardware security mechanisms are embedded in complex control infrastructures, medical support systems and entertainment products [51]. As such devices are increasingly subject to attacks, new hardware protection mechanisms are needed to provide the required resilience and dependency at low cost.
Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase: Current Status and Perspectives (2004)

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine-oxidase (SSAO) is present in various human tissues and in plasma. Oxidative deamination of short-chain aliphatic amines is catalyzed by this enzyme to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. Methylamine and aminoacetone have been recognized to be physiological substrates for SSAO. There are several pathological states where increased serum SSAO activity have been found, such as diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, multiple types of cerebral infarction, uraemia, and hepatic cirrhosis. The role of SSAO in pathophysiology of diabetes has been most extensively investigated. The elevated formation of the potentially cytotoxic products of the enzyme may contribute to the endothelial injury of blood vessels, resulting in the early development of severe atherosclerosis; it may also contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. It is now suggested that SSAO inhibitors may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and diabetic complications as well. Inhibitors can be conveniently subdivided into the main groups of hydrazine derivatives, arylalkylamines, propenyl- and propargylamines, oxazolidinones, and haloalkylamines. Of them, aryl(alkyl)hydrazines, and 3-halo-2-phenylallylamines are generally very strong SSAO inhibitors. Most of these inhibitors of SSAO have been originally developed for other purposes, or they are simple chemical reagents with highly reactive structural element(s); these compounds have not been able to fulfil all criteria of high potency, selectivity, and acceptable toxicity. New potent compounds with selectivity and low toxicity are needed, which may prove useful tools for understanding the roles and function of SSAO, or they may even be valuable substances for treatment of various diseases.
Comparison of Bessel and Gaussian beams (1988)

A comparison of beam divergence and power-transport efficiency is made between Gaussian and Bessel beams when both beams have the same initial total power and the same initial full width at half-maximum.
Markets for attention (2002)

Balancing the needs of information distributors and their audiences has grown harder in the age of the Internet. While the demand for attention continues to increase rapidly with the volume of information and communication, the supply of human attention is relatively fixed. Markets are a social institution for efficiently balancing supply and demand of scarce resources. Charging a price for sending messages may help discipline senders from demanding more attention than they are willing to pay for. Price may also help recipients estimate the value of a message before reading it. We report the results of two laboratory experiments to explore the consequences of a pricing system for electronic mail. Charging postage for email causes senders to be more selective and send fewer messages. However, recipients did not use the postage paid by senders as a signal of importance. These studies suggest markets for attention have potential, but their design needs more work.
A Short Survey of Commercial Cluster Batch Schedulers (2005)

As high performance computing clusters are getting cheaper, they become more accessible. The various clusters are running a host of workload management software suites, which are getting more complex and offer cluster administrators numerous features, scheduling policies, job prioritization schemes, etc. In this paper we survey some of the common commercial workload managers on the market, covering their main features — specifically the scheduling policies and algorithms they support, their priority and queueing mechanisms, focusing on their default settings.
High speed algorithm and VLSI architecture design for decoding BCH product codes (2002)

In this paper, a sub-optimal algorithm for decoding BCH (t ≥ 2) turbo codes is presented. High speed VLSI decoder architecture is proposed for codes constructed over extended GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> ). While the algorithm applies to higher order BCH product codes, it is shown that this particular block turbo codes, when decoded using the proposed algorithm, gives the best performance (achieving 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−6</sup> bit error rate at a signal to noise ratio of 2.4 dB) among all two dimensional turbo product codes. Following an analysis of the impact of finite word-length effect on the performance of the SISO decoder, full parallel decoding architecture at the top level and a number of lower level high speed implementation strategies such as applying lookahead technique to reduce the critical path of the merge sort circuit and fast finite field operations are presented. Area and timing estimates obtained by logic synthesis (0.18 µm, 1.5V CMOS technology) from VHDL descriptions are given to show how the design strategies translate into the area consumption and decoding throughput (> 32M bits/s) of the VLSI implementation.
Indirectly Driven, High Convergence Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions (1994)

A series of high convergence, indirectly driven implosions has been done with the Nova Laser Fusion facility. These implosions were well characterized by a variety of measurements; computer models are in good agreement. The imploded fuel areal density was measured using a technique based on secondary neutron spectroscopy. At capsule convergences of 24:1, comparable to what is required for the hot spot of ignition scale capsules, these capsules achieved fuel densities of 19 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Independent measurements of density, burn duration, and ion temperature gave $n\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\theta}=1.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\mathrm{keV} \frac{\mathrm{s}}{{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}}$.
Id2 is critical for cellular proliferation and is the oncogenic effector of N-myc in human neuroblastoma. (2002)

Perturbation of the function of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein is found in most human tumors. Id2 is a natural target of the Rb protein that is recruited by Myc oncoproteins to bypass the tumor suppressor function of Rb. Here we report that an "N-Myc-Id2 pathway" persists during late development of the nervous system and parallels the rising levels of active Rb in neuronal precursors withdrawing from the cell cycle. An immunohistochemical analysis of primary neuroblastoma from 47 patients shows that expression of Id2 is strongly predictive of poor outcome, irrespective of other clinical and biological variables. Overexpression of Id2 mediates cellular transformation and is required to maintain the malignant behavior of neuroblastoma cells. Correspondingly, embryonic fibroblasts from Id2-null mice display impaired ability to proliferate. We suggest that Id2 overexpression may be a better prognostic indicator than N-myc gene amplification in neuroblastoma. Thus, disrupting Id2 function may lead to new and useful therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
Bottom electrodes for integrated Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films (1992)

Lower electrodes for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) used in ferroelectric random access memories must have good electrical conductivity and must interact as little as possible with the PZT film. We have evaluated a number of bottom electrodes for use with PZT films deposited by ion beam sputter deposition These electrodes include Pt, Pt/Ti, RuO2, ReO3, and CoSi23N4, all on SiO2/Si; and TiN and Pt on MgO. Films were studied by XTEM, Auger depth profiling, X-ray microanalysis, and XRD. Important issues for platinum include: a) microstructure (porous for magnetron sputtered Pt); b) rapid lead diffusion through porous Pt; c) adhesion (improved by raising deposition temperature or by adding a titanium layer); and d) hillock formation (related to compressive stress in platinum). RuO2 has good conductivity and has no apparent interfacial layer with PZT. Each of the remaining substrates has drawbacks: CoSi2 forms a surface oxide; ReO3 has poor phase stability; TiN oxidizes and loses conductivity.
Increasing Sensitivity of 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrozone Test for Analysis of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Air. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIncreasing Sensitivity of 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrozone Test for Analysis of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Air.T. R. Hauser and R. L. CumminsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 3, 679–681Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60209a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60209a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Interface for Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Interface for Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass SpectrometryYasuaki. Takada, Minoru. Sakairi, and Hideaki. KoizumiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 8, 1474–1476Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00104a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00104a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase Gene (2000)

The gene (ybeN) coding for nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, an NAD(P) biosynthetic enzyme, has been identified and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide and shows product inhibition. The rate of adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide is at least 20 times faster than the rate of adenylation of nicotinamide mononucleotide.
Minimally Invasive Multilevel Percutaneous Correction and Fusion for Adult Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis (2008)

A combination of 3 MIS techniques allows for correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis. Multisegment correction can be performed with less blood loss and morbidity than for open correction.
<title>Edge-illuminated holograms, evanescent waves, and related optical phenomena</title> (1992)

Revised interest in edge-illuminated holograms has resulted in new studies of optical phenomena which are not widely appreciated. The formation of edge-illuminated holograms requires a study of uncommon optical regimes and yields results which are not in keeping with common expectation. In this paper, we take another look at the edge-illumination problem but uncover some historically interesting work in the area of evanescent waves that provides us with unexpected new insights.
Ultrathin ox/nitride gate stack for sub-quarter-micron CMOS devices prepared by RTCVD (2002)

The paper gives a short overview of ox/nitride gate stack prepared by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) for sub-quarter-micron CMOS process. The main portion is focused on the dissimilar characteristics of different interfacial oxide in ox/nitride gate stack. Post deposition annealing is also investigated including NH/sub 3/ and N/sub 2/O treatment. Excellent improvements are available including lower gate leakage current, comparable driving current, suitable interface density of states and stable gate dielectric reliability.
Single particle raster image analysis of diffusion (2016)

As a complement to the standard RICS method of analysing Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy images with estimation of the image correlation function, we introduce the method SPRIA, Single Particle Raster Image Analysis. Here, we start by identifying individual particles and estimate the diffusion coefficient for each particle by a maximum likelihood method. Averaging over the particles gives a diffusion coefficient estimate for the whole image. In examples both with simulated and experimental data, we show that the new method gives accurate estimates. It also gives directly standard error estimates. The method should be possible to extend to study heterogeneous materials and systems of particles with varying diffusion coefficient, as demonstrated in a simple simulation example. A requirement for applying the SPRIA method is that the particle concentration is low enough so that we can identify the individual particles. We also describe a bootstrap method for estimating the standard error of standard RICS.
The role of T cells in pathogenesis and protective immunity to murine malaria. (1992)

T-cell-mediated immunity to a virulent strain of Plasmodium berghei NK65 (Pb NK65) and to an attenuated derivative (Pb XAT) of the strain were examined in CBA mice by the administration of monoclonal antibodies against T-cell subsets or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The injection of anti-CD8+ or anti-IFN-gamma delayed the mortality of mice infected with Pb NK65, although it did not affect the parasitaemia. In the late stage of PB NK65 infection, T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, were increased in number in the liver at the expense of splenic CD8+ T cells. These CD8+ T cells released IFN-gamma in culture without antigen stimulation and were thought to induce tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by the cells in the liver. In mice infected with Pb XAT, or mice primed with Pb XAT and then challenged with Pb NK65, CD4+ T cells had a crucial role in preventing parasite growth and in protective immunity. IFN-gamma was again the key molecule in protective immunity. These results suggest that T cells stimulated with malaria antigen play important roles both in protective immunity and pathogenesis depending upon their subsets; CD8+ T cells in pathogenesis, and CD4+ T cells in protective immunity. These apparently contradictory responses may be mediated by the same cytokine, IFN-gamma.
Stéréochimie des complexes du chlorure d'iode avec les bases carbonylées (1985)

The splitting of the ν(I—Cl) and ν(C=O) bands of ICl complexes with carbonyl bases in highly diluted heptane solutions is explained by the existence of two 1:1 stereoisomeric complexes: a linear complex (ICl along the axis of the carbonyl bond) and an angular complex (ICl in the direction of a lone pair). In the series RCOOEt, RCOPh, RCOt-Bu, R 2 CO, RCONPh 2 and RCONMe 2 , where R = Me, Et, i-Pr, or t-Bu, the angular complex for R = Me transforms into the linear complex for R = t-Bu, since bulky substituents on the carbonyl group destabilize the angular arrangement. In the series RCOH and RCOMe the complex is angular whatever the steric effect of R, since ICl is located on the lone pair near the small H or Me substituents. When ICl is added in excess, a 1:2 complex appears.
Time-Delay Multiplexing of Two Beams in a Terahertz Imaging Radar (2010)

We demonstrate a time-delay multiplexing technique that doubles the frame rate of a 660-690-GHz imaging radar with minimal additional instrument complexity. This is done by simultaneously projecting two offset, orthogonally polarized radar beams generated and detected by a common source and receiver. Beam splitting and polarization rotation is accomplished with a custom designed waveguide hybrid coupler and twist. A relative time lag of approximately 2 ns between the beams' waveforms is introduced using a quasi-optical delay line, followed by spatial recombination using a selectively reflective wire grid. This delay is much longer than the approximately 20-ps time-of-flight resolution of the 30-GHz bandwidth radar, permitting the two beams' reflected signals from a compact target to be easily distinguished in digital post-processing of the single receiver channel.
Dissolution kinetics for coprecipitates of indomethacin with polyvinylpyrrolidone. (1980)

Dissolution profiles of indomethacin/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coprecipitates (involving a crystallization process) were investigated kinetically by the dispersed amount and rotating disk methods in comparison with those of physical mixtures. The dissolution rate constant, kt, the rate constant of the crystallization process, kr, and saturated concentrations before and after the crystallization, CSM and CSO, were calculated from the dissolution data by a curve fitting procedure. The effects of the content and molecular weight of PVP in the coprecipitates on these dissolution parameters were also investigated in detail. It was found that increase of the content and the molecular weight of PVP correlated well with retardation of the crystallization process. In order to obtain desirable dissolution patterns, we attempted to estimate the optimum content of PVP in the coprecipitates by analysis of the dissolution parameters.
抗病育种的过去、现在和未来(以小麦为例)(续II) (1994)

4.3 持久抗性的遗传分析和利用为了把持久抗性用于育种,应当了解抗性的遗传基础。但是,迄今仅就对条锈病具有明确持久抗性的少数品种进行了遗传学研究在已研究品种中,有美国鉴定的品种(Milus & Line,1986a1986b)。这表明,品种 Gaines、Nugaines 和 Luke 均携带至少2～3个基因。英国育种研究所(PBI)还对一些品种(包括 Hybride de Bersee和 Cappele Desprez)进行了研究,利用的是细胞遗传技术培育的这些品种的遗
Automated Meter Reading using RF technology (2010)

The paper discusses Automated Meter Reading, a technology used to automate the task of reading consumption records of subscribers. This is one of the immediate issues facing Utilities in Iran and elsewhere. The problem is first defined in terms of Utilities critical infrastructure needs, revenue protection and operational efficiencies. Various drivers as well as impediments within such scopes are then defined. Moreover, different technologies proposed and implemented are discussed. Furthermore, the field trial of one such technology in Orumiyeh, in West Azerbaijan, Iran is outlined. The paper concludes by capturing the conclusions obtained and suggestions for further improvements of such technologies for future applications.
Contrasts in codon usage of latent versus productive genes of Epstein-Barr virus: data and hypotheses (1990)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has two different modes of existence: latent and productive. There are eight known genes expressed during latency (and hardly at all during the productive phase) and about 70 other ("productive") genes. It is shown that the EBV genes known to be expressed during latency display codon usage strikingly different from that of genes that are expressed during lytic growth. In particular, the percentage of S3 (G or C in codon site 3) is persistently lower (about 20%) in all latent genes than in nonlatent genes. Moreover, S3 is lower in each multicodon amino acid form. Also, the percentage of S in silent codon sites 1 of leucine and arginine is lower in latent than in nonlatent genes. The largest absolute differences in amino acid usage between latent and nonlatent genes emphasize codon types SSN and WWN (W means nucleotide A or T and N is any nucleotide). Two principal explanations to account for the EBV latent versus productive gene codon disparity are proposed. Latent genes have codon usage substantially different from that of host cell genes to minimize the deleterious consequences to the host of viral gene expression during latency. (Productive genes are not so constrained.) It is also proposed that the latency genes of EBV were acquired recently by the viral genome. Evidence and arguments for these proposals are presented.
Buffy‐coat platelet variables and metabolism during storage in additive solutions or plasma (2008)

Newer PASs, for example, SSP+ and Composol, can maintain PLT integrity and moderate metabolism similarly to plasma but offer consistently lower PLT recoveries and limited osmotic balance.
A protein containing the cystic fibrosis antigen is an inhibitor of protein kinases (1989)

To investigate myeloid cell maturation, we established a panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognize myeloid cell nuclear antigens. One of these monoclonal antibodies was used to purify a specific protein complex (PC) from a human spleen. This PC, which is present at high levels in peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes, contains a protein that is the cystic fibrosis (CF) antigen. The purified PC was shown to inhibit the activity of casein kinase I and II but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, v-abl tyrosine kinase, or insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. The observed Ki values for casein kinases I and II purified from several sources were 1 microM or less. Furthermore, the addition of the purified PC to a nuclear extract from human cells was able to prevent protein kinase-mediated stimulation of RNA polymerase activity. The unique inhibitory character of the PC and its elevated levels in monocytes and granulocytes and of the CF antigen in CF patients implies that this complex may be associated with myeloid cell functions and perhaps with the cause or consequence of the clinical manifestations of CF.