gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A new model of middle cerebral artery thrombosis in rats]. (1993)

We have established a new model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats due to photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT). This thrombosis is caused by photochemical reaction between green light and systemic injection of Rose Bengal (RB). Under anesthesia, the left MCA was observed without cutting the dura mater via a subtemporal craniotomy under an operation microscope. Photoillumination (wavelength, 540 nm; L4887, Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan) was applied to the MCA and then RB (20 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. The MCA was completely occluded by thrombus about 6 min after the administration of RB with an operation microscope. Effects of antithrombotic agents can be evaluated in this model, since this thrombus is a typical arterial one caused by the injury of the endothelium, and this method is easy and the location and volume of cerebral infarction are reproducible, since thrombus is induced at the same portion of the MCA. Additionally the damage to animals is little, since thrombosis in the MCA is induced without cutting the dura mater; furthermore, it is possible to do chronic experiments. In conclusion, this model is a useful one for investigation of thrombolytic therapy in cerebral thrombosis.
Fuzzy adaptive control with an associative memory system (1991)

A fuzzy adaptive control system which uses the fuzzy associative memory organising units system consists of an if-part, an if-then-rule-part and a then-part. The fuzzy rules consist of pairs of a reference model for a controlled process and its controller as knowledge for adapting control. In the if-part, learning vector quantisation (LVQ) networks evaluate process output and show the distances between output response patterns for processes and for the reference models with fuzzy sets. In the fuzzy if-then-rule-part, an associative memory system connects reference models for processes with controllers given in the then-part. The paper presents the control design and shows how to use LVQ to create membership functions of fuzzy rules automatically. It explains fuzzy adaptive control systems which use LVQ, fuzzy models, and associative memory systems. It then presents a nonlinear application example.
Efecto terapéutico de la melatonina en la uveítis experimental (2009)

Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de la melatonina en la uveítis inducida por una inyección intravítrea de lipopolisacárido bacteriano (LPS) en el hámster dorado. Métodos: Se implantó un pellet de melatonin dos horas antes de la inyección de LPS. La respuesta inflamatoria se evaluó en términos de: i) integridad de la barrera hemato-ocular, ii) signos clínicos, iii) estudios histopatológicos, y iv) función retiniana. Resultados: La melatonina disminuyó los signos clínicos y la infiltración de proteínas y células en el segmento anterior, protegió la ultraestructura de las barreras hemato-oculares y los fotorreceptores, previno la disfunción electrorretinográfica, y el aumento de la actividad retiniana de NOS y de TNF inducidos por LPS. La melatonina disminuyó el efecto del LPS sobre los niveles nucleares de las subunidades p50 y p65 del factor nuclear B. Conclusiones: La melatonina podría constituir una nueva estrategia terapéutica para el tratamiento de la uveítis.
Cognitive Test Performance in Detecting, Staging, and Tracking Alzheimer's Disease (1995)

We postulate that the pathologic bases of impairment in delayed recall are atrophy of cholinergic ventral forebrain neurons and partial deafferentation of the hippocampus, both of which occur early in the course of AD. Worsening language and visuospatial abilities likely reflect progressive loss of neocortical neurons and their connections.
BET inhibition is an effective approach against KRAS-driven PDAC and NSCLC (2018)

Effectively treating KRAS-driven tumors remains an unsolved challenge. The inhibition of downstream signaling effectors is a way of overcoming the issue of direct targeting of mutant KRAS, which has shown limited efficacy so far. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein inhibition has displayed anti-tumor activity in a wide range of cancers, including KRAS-driven malignancies. Here, we preclinically evaluate the effect of BET inhibition making use of a new BET inhibitor, BAY 1238097, against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) models harboring RAS mutations both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Our results demonstrate that BET inhibition displays significant therapeutic impact in genetic mouse models of KRAS-driven PDAC and NSCLC, reducing both tumor area and tumor grade. The same approach also causes a significant reduction in cell number of a panel of RAS-mutated human cancer cell lines (8 PDAC and 6 NSCLC). In this context, we demonstrate that while BET inhibition by BAY 1238097 decreases MYC expression in some cell lines, at least in PDAC cells its anti-tumorigenic effect is independent of MYC regulation. Together, these studies reinforce the use of BET inhibition and prompt the optimization of more efficient and less toxic BET inhibitors for the treatment of KRAS-driven malignancies, which are in urgent therapeutic need.
국내 기후환경을 고려한 CLT 목조주택의 열습기 거동 해석 (2019)

저급목재 활용을 위해 유럽에서 개발된 CLT는 높은 탄소저장량과 낮은 탄소배출량을 갖는 목재를 적극 활용한 구조용 목재로써, CLT 목조주택은 온실가스 감축, 프리캐스트 및 모듈러 공법을 통한 공기단축, 단열성능과 기밀성능의 향상, 고층 목조주택 실현의 큰 장점을 가지고 있다. CLT 목조주택을 국내에 도입하는 현 시점에서, 건물에너지 성능의 확보뿐만 아니라, 1990년대 경골목구조 목조주택의 도입 초기 문제점과 같이 국내 기후환경을 고려하지 않고 국외 사례를 그대로 도입하여 발생한 수분문제가 재차 발생하지 않도록 국내 Hygrothermal 환경을 고려한 CLT 목조주택의 수분안정성에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 Hygrothermal 환경에서 건물에너지 성능과 장기간 수분안정성을 확보하기 위해 CLT 목조주택의 Hygrothermal 성능을 평가하였다. 국내 Hygrothermal 환경을 고려한 CLT 목조주택의 Hygrothermal 성능을 평가하기 위하여 국내 20개 지역을 대상으로 Hygrothermal 환경 지역구분을 도출하였다. CLT 벽체와 지붕에 적용되는 단열재의 두께는 열환경 지역구분에 따라 제시하였고, Hygrothermal 환경 지역구분과 단열재의 종류, 방습층의 종류 및 적용 유무에 따라 장기간 수분안정성에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과, CLT와 미네랄 울 단열재는 투습저항성능의 큰 차이로 인해 외부에서 유입된 습기가 내부에 지속적으로 축적되어 수분문제를 야기하였고, 투습저항성능이 높은 XPS 단열재의 적용은 대부분의 지역에서 수분문제가 현저히 줄어들었으나, XPS 단열재와 방습지가 동시에 적용된 CLT 지붕의 경우에는 곰팡이 발아 위험을 보였다. 또한 수분함량에 따라 증가되는 열전도율을 고려하여 단열재의 수분함량을 평가하였고, XPS 단열재를 적용하는 것이 높은 단열성능을 확보할 수 있었다.
Hot Chemistry with Cold Molecules (2010)

Control of chemical reactions that focuses on the selective cleavage or on the formation of chemical bonds in a polyatomic molecule is a long-sought-after goal for chemists. Attempts have been made since the early days of lasers (1960) to make this dream come true (Rousseau, 1966). In most of the experiments, selectivity is lost because of the rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) which occurs on picosecond time scales. This simply leads to heated molecules. Supersonic molecular beam techniques have proven to be an excellent method for producing isolated cold molecules in the gas phase, where the molecules are in their lowest rotational and vibrational states and as a result several relaxation rates like the collisional and the IVR rates are much slower (Smalley et al., 1977; Levy, 1981). By combining ultrafast laser technology with supersonic molecular beam technique in a novel way, several control schemes known as ‘coherent control’, have been proposed that make use of the coherent nature of laser radiation (Zewail, 1980; Bloembergen & Zewail, 1984). Furthermore, study of control is typically pursued in molecular beams in order to isolate the elementary processes to be studied from surrounding solvent perturbations. In a chemistry laboratory, however, the conventional control that we generally use in increasing the yield of the desired products in the chemical synthesis are macroscopic variables, such as, the temperature, pressure, concentration, etc. Sometimes catalysts are also used to control the chemical reactions. But the methods involved in this type of conventional cases are based on the incoherent collision between collision and we cannot get direct access to the quantum mechanical reaction pathway. On the other hand, in the quantum control of chemical reactions, molecular dynamics involved can be altered by specifically designed external light fields with different control parameters, namely, the intensity, phase, frequency, and polarization, which can vary with time. Using such methods, one can reach a user-defined chemical reaction channel more selectively and efficiently (Brixner & Gerber, 2003). The short temporal duration of ultrafast laser pulses results in a very broad spectrum (Fig.1). The output of our amplified laser system has pulse duration around 50 femtosecond and spectral bandwidth of around 18 nm. Possibilities of manipulating such an ultrafast coherent broadband laser pulses have brought forth the exciting field of ultrafast pulse shaping. Pulse shaping involves the control over amplitude, phase, frequency, and or inter-pulse separation (Goswami, 2003). Control of chemical reactions by laser can have various applications in diverse industrial and biological or
Interpolation for ambulatory ECG measurements (2003)

The application of local interpolation techniques to improve the measurement of ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters is discussed. The method allows the processing of the ambulatory ECG data using low sampling rates and obtains reasonably accurate measurements of the QRS complex. The ECG parameters were measured using both uninterpolated and interpolated data. it was found that the results obtained with local interpolation were closer to the actual values. The added execution time per beat was 16 mu s, which is about 12% of the average time to analyze a beat at the normal heart rate of 72 and a playback speed of 100 times the real time. The improvement in classification accuracy is believed to justify the added processing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Normal square wave jerks in differing age groups. (1990)

This report details the characteristics of normal square wave jerks (SWJ) over a broad age range. Sixty normally sighted subjects, categorized into three age groups (35-49 yr, 50-64 yr, and 65-89 yr) underwent electrooculographic (EOG) examination to investigate the characteristics of normal SWJ. The frequency, duration, and amplitude of SWJ per minute were calculated in three clinically used test conditions: 1) with a fixation point in a lighted room; 2) with eyes closed and 3) in darkness without a fixation point. Results were compared over age and conditions as well as with the scores of 50 normal young subjects (20-37 yr). SWJ were recorded in all conditions, with the highest number found with closed eyes and in darkness for all age groups. Contrary to earlier findings, no statistical differences in frequency of SWJ per minute due to age were observed. These findings describe a range of normalcy for these three EOG conditions from which pathology can be inferred.
High-performance fibre Fabry–Perot filters (1991)

The performance of fibre Fabry–Perot interferometers has been improved by using different mirror coatings. Finesse of 1000 with insertion loss of 4dB has been demonstrated.
Integrated-optic polarization transformer for reset-free endless polarization control (1989)

An electrooptic polarization transformer which employs a multiple cascade of alternating two-way TE-TM polarization-converter and TE/TM phase-shifter sections in a birefringent crystal, such as LiNbO/sub 3/, and requires only three independent drive voltages is described. It is capable of transforming any arbitrarily varying input polarization into any desired output polarization without ever requiring a reset cycle. It accomplishes this by producing adjustable elliptical birefringence of constant total phase retardation in a single-mode waveguide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segmentation of hand gestures using motion capture data (2013)

Virtual agent research on gesture is increasingly relying on data-driven algorithms, which require large corpora to be effectively trained. This work presents a method for automatically segmenting human motion into gesture phases based on input motion capture data. By reducing the need for manual annotation, the method allows gesture researchers to more easily build large corpora for gesture analysis and animation modeling. An effective rule set has been developed for identifying gesture phase boundaries using both joint angle and positional data of the fingers and hands. A set of Support Vector Machines trained from a database of annotated clips, is used to classify the type of each detected phase boundary into stroke, preparation or retraction. The approach has been tested on motion capture data obtained from different people with varied gesturing styles and in different moods and the results give us an indication of the extent to which variation in gesturing style affects the accuracy of segmentation.
A Comparison of Length of Stay and Costs for Health Maintenance Organization and Fee-for-Service Patients (1989)

Enrollees of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are less frequently hospitalized than are patients cared for by fee-for-service physicians. To determine if care provided to HMO and fee-for-service patient is different once they are hospitalized, we compared length of stay, total costs, and severity of illness for 617 HMO and fee-for-service patients hospitalized during the period 1983 through 1985 at a major teaching hospital. Severity was gauged in the following two ways: the Severity of Illness Index developed by Horn, and ratings by two physicians who were given all records from the first day of each patient's hospitalization. Length of stay was shorter and total costs were less for HMO patients in 7 of 11 diagnosis related groups. Using regression analysis to adjust for age, sex, emergency ward admission, diagnosis related group, and severity, we found that overall length of stay was 14% shorter for HMO patients than for fee-for-service patients (6.2 vs 5.3 days, P less than .01), whereas total costs were only 4% less ($4251 vs $4090, P greater than .2). These findings indicate that while patterns of utilization may vary by diagnosis related groups, HMO patients had shorter lengths of stay but comparable overall costs. Whether shorter lengths of stay represent greater efficiency, substitution of outpatient for inpatient care, or diminution in the quality of care is not clear.
Comparison of Water Absorption Patterns in Two Barley Cultivars, Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1998)

ABSTRACT Two barley cultivars, Excel and Prisma (six‐row and two‐row types, respectively), were obtained from the 1993 harvest at Crookston, MN. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to follow water imbibition in single, large seeds of Excel and Prisma barley. A comparison of moisture distribution on longitudinal sections of Prisma and Excel barley during early hours of steeping was then made. MRI analysis revealed that the majority of water initially entered the kernel through the kernel surfaces and into the endosperm tissues. Water was observed under the surface of the hull tissues and appeared to be migrating into the aleurone and endosperm tissues. Then water was detected moving from the embryo to the scutellum and then into the crushed cell layers. Aleurone and embryo tissue showed more rapid water uptake and distribution than did scutellar tissue. Some transient water distribution was observed in the scutellum, ventral furrow, and vascular tissues. This indicates that the hydration of surface tissues and crushed cell layers may be significant during the early hours of steeping. During the late hours of steeping, the crushed cell and endosperm cavity region appears to become remarkably active in water transport. Water was distributed throughout the endosperm tissue of the Prisma cultivar more efficiently than in that of the Excel cultivar, although Excel absorbed more water initially.
Polarization-sensitive tunable absorber in visible and near-infrared regimes (2018)

A broadband tunable absorber is designed and fabricated. The tunable absorber is comprised of a dielectric-metal-dielectric multilayer and plasmonic grating. A large size of tunable absorber device is fabricated by nano-imprinting method. The experimental results show that over 90% absorption can be achieved within visible and near-infrared regimes. Moreover, the high absorption can be controlled by changing the polarization of incident light. This polarization-sensitive tunable absorber can have practical applications such as high-efficiency polarization detectors and transmissive polarizer.
Generalized neighborhoods: a new approach to complex parameter feature extraction (2003)

A generalized neighborhood concept is presented which extends the usual techniques for feature extraction using parameter transforms. Generalized neighborhoods allow operators to use the joint information contained in distant portions of the same feature; i.e. to utilize the long-distance correlation present in the image. The generalized neighborhood techniques, by correlating local information over different portions of the image, produce up to two orders of magnitude improvement in accuracy over conventional techniques. The response also becomes more complicated; false features may be detected due to a peculiar form of correlated noise. A general framework, motivated by connectionist networks, is presented which eliminates this behaviour by introducing competitive processes in the parameter spaces. A novel approach to the generation of lateral inhibition links in the networks is proposed which is consistent with generalized neighborhoods. Experiments are provided that show results on range data. Complex surfaces and 3-D surface-intersection curves are reconstructed from the data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
It All Comes Down To B_NEW \Leftarrow B_0 \oplus (B_1 \vee B_2) (2002)

It All Comes Down To B_NEW \Leftarrow B_0 \oplus (B_1 \vee B_2)The formula in the title is the binary version of the rule 30 from Stephen Wolfran's new book,A New Kind of Science (Wolfram Media, 2002) Rule 30is a cellular automation that looks at three bits and generates a new one, B_NEW, from those three.It is said to generatepatterns that are complex and indistinguishable from random ones, a remarkable result for such a simple algorithm. As of this writing, Amazon.com ranks Wolfram's book number 18 in sales of all books. To put this in perspective, I checked the rank of the Feynman lectures (Addison-Wesley,1970), which was 2,003,and of Marc Kac's little masterpiece, Statistical Independence in Probability Analysis and Number Theory (Mathematical Assoc.of America,1959), which was 1,040,441 .Even if the sales figures were less impressive, a scientific book whose central premise is that the universe is an algorithm is bound to be of great interest to anyone concerned with computational science and engineering, and many other people as well. This issue of CiSE contains two reviews of A New Kind of Science. My purpose here is to make a few remarks about the directions this new science might take.
Patterns of nonadditivity between pairs of stability mutations in staphylococcal nuclease (1993)

To identify interactions between amino acid positions in staphylococcal nuclease that affect its stability, a collection of 71 double-mutant forms was constructed from 22 previously characterized single mutants. These single mutations were assigned to three different classes on the basis of their m value [m = d(delta G)/d[GuHCl]], a parameter that has been correlated with energetically significant changes in the structure of the denatured state [Green et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31,5717-5728]. Several mutant pairs from five of the six possible double-mutant classes were analyzed by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation to determine the extent to which changes in stability (delta delta GH2O) and changes in the m value (delta mGuHCl) reflect the sum of the effects of the individual mutants. The differences between the values for delta delta GH2O and delta mGuHCl estimated on the assumption of additivity and those obtained by experiment, i.e., delta delta delta G and delta delta m, were calculated for each double-mutant protein. Surprisingly, a large majority of double mutants from four of the five classes exhibited positive values of delta delta delta G and delta delta m; i.e., they were more stable and displayed a higher sensitivity to GuHCl than predicted on the basis of additivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elevation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor densities as new predictors of disease progression and prognosis in men with prostate cancer. (1999)

We examined whether two newly defined parameters, the density of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAD) and the density of its receptor (uPARD), which were determined by dividing the serum levels of uPA and uPAR by the prostate volume, respectively, could be used as predictors of the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer (PC). Serum levels of uPA and uPAR in 40 healthy controls, 70 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 80 patients with PC were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay, and prostate volume was measured by ultrasonography. The mean levels of uPAD and uPARD in patients with PC were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and patients with BPH. Furthermore, the uPAD and uPARD levels in PC patients with metastasis were significantly elevated compared with those in patients without metastasis. Among patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, the levels of uPAD and uPARD in patients with pathologically organ-confined disease were significantly lower than in those with advanced disease. The overall survival rate of PC cancer patients with elevated levels of either uPAD or uPARD, or of both, was significantly lower than that of patients with normal levels of uPAD and uPARD. In addition, Cox's multivariate analysis revealed that the elevation of uPAD or uPARD level, or of both, was strongly associated with overall survival in PC patients. These findings suggest that the elevation of uPAD or uPARD, or of both, could be used as new predictors of progression and prognosis in patients with PC.
Automated Fluorometric Determination of Thiamine and Riboflavin in Infant Formulas (1979)

Commercial infant formulas were analyzed simultaneously for thiamine and riboflavin by an automated fluorometric method and by the AOAC manual fluorometric methods. For 10 products, the mean thiamine and riboflavin results determined using the automated method ranged from 104 to 113% and 90 to 112%, respectively, of those by the AOAC manual methods. The coefficients of variation for thiamine and riboflavin ranged from 1.05 to 3.90% and 0.60 to 2.48%, respectively, for the automated methods, and 1.48 to 3.86% and 0.69 to 10.9%, respectively, for the manual methods. Using the automated method, mean recoveries of thiamine and riboflavin added to samples were 103 and 104%, respectively. The automated method used a common sample preparation to determine both thiamine and riboflavin, and gave results equivalent to, or better than, those obtained by the manual methods.