gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced anisotropy in a family of amorphous azobenzene polyesters for optical storage (2003)

We investigate parameters associated with optical data storage in a variety of amorphous side-chain azobenzene-containing polyesters denoted as E1aX. The polyesters possess a common cyano-substituted azobenzene chromophore as a side chain, but differ in their main-chain polyester composition. Seventeen different polymers from the E1aX family divided into four classes, depending on the type of the main-chain substituent (one-, two-, and three-ring aromatic or alicyclic) have been thoroughly investigated. Various parameters characterizing the photoinduced birefringence in these materials, such as the response time, thermal and light stability, and long-term stability under ambient light at room temperature have been measured. Each of these parameters is quantitatively represented and therefore it is possible to make a clear comparison between the properties of the polymers. The results indicate that the long-term stability at ambient temperature is closely related to the thermal stability of the photoinduced birefringence. A strong correlation has also been found between the response time and the stability of the induced anisotropy toward illumination with unpolarized white light. One of the classes of E1aX polymers characterized by two-ring aromatic substituent in the main chain is a good candidate for optical data storage media. A recording energy of approximately 2 J/cm2 is sufficient to induce high refractive-index modulations of deltan = 0.13 in these materials, which is retained even at elevated temperatures (>130 degrees C). Long-term stability of greater than one year for the induced anisotropy has also been achieved.
Effects of a Weighted Vest on Attention to Task and Self-Stimulatory Behaviors in Preschoolers With Pervasive Developmental Disorders (2001)

Abstract Objective. This study examined the effectiveness of using a weighted vest for increasing attention to a fine motor task and decreasing self-stimulatory behaviors in preschool children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Method. Using an ABA single-subject design, the duration of attention to task and self- stimulatory behaviors and the number of distractions were measured in five preschool children with PDD over a period of 6 weeks. Results. During the intervention phase, all participants displayed a decrease in the number of distractions and an increase in the duration of focused attention while wearing the weighted vest. All but 1 participant demonstrated a decrease in the duration of self-stimulatory behaviors while wearing a weighted vest; however, the type of self-stimulatory behaviors changed and became less selfabusive for this child while she wore the vest. During the intervention withdrawal phase, 3 participants experienced an increase in the duration of self-stimulatory behaviors, and all participants experienced an increase in the number of distractions and a decrease in the duration of focused attention. The increase or decrease, however, never returned to baseline levels for these behaviors. Conclusion. The findings suggest that for these 5 children with PDD, the use of a weighted vest resulted in an increase in attention to task and decrease in self-stimulatory behaviors. The most consistent improvement observed was the decreased number of distractions. Additional research is necessary to build consensus about the effectiveness of wearing a weighted vest to increase attention to task and decrease self-stimulatory behaviors for children with PDD.
A Private Law Approach to Privacy; Mandatory Law Obliged? (2007)

This article contests the general assumption that Directive 95/46/EC concerning the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data requires implementation into mandatory rules of law. In this respect, several arguments are presented in order to stimulate discussion. This discussion is important because the mandatory or regulatory character of the rules laid down in Directive 95/46/EC influence the nature of rights over data in relation to the principle of freedom of contract. Moreover, it touches upon some core issues regarding European law such as the protection of our fundamental rights and freedoms; the scope of these rights, and freedoms and the correlation between them; as well as the scope of the European Union's authority to harmonise rules concerning data protection. Furthermore, the assumption that Directive 95/46/EC requires implementation into mandatory rules of law is the main point of resistance against a private law approach to the right to data protection. If this assumption is successfully disproved, it will clear the way for a wide-ranging discussion as to whether a private law approach to the right to data protection will lead to a more effective system of privacy protection in practice.
Location accuracy in X-band multifunction radar (2002)

The existing and operationally proven X-band multifunction surface-based radar ARABEL is described. The salient points regarding the design are considered, including: phased array control; multiple waveform management; high performance in detection and location; real-time multifunction operation; and weight and size operational constraints. The final impact upon performance is measured in terms of target location accuracy, in a terrestrial referential: all mechanical and electronic contributions are accounted for in a comprehensive simulation of the total accuracy. Results of simulations are in good agreement with field measurements. The total angular root-mean-square (rms) accuracy is better than 3 mrad. This corresponds to a probability of 70% of not exceeding the guaranteed figure, for the checked Rayleigh distribution law.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human body fluid ribonucleases: detection, interrelationships and significance. (1981)

Study of the RNases of human body fluids has been facilitated by use of activity staining following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Commercial SDS preparations contain minor lipophilic contaminants (less than 0.1%) which interfere with enzyme renaturation and prevent activity staining unless gels are washed after electrophoresis in 25% isopropanol. Partial characterization of the RNases of serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described, including evidence that the RNases comprising bands A-C of urine and 1-3 of CSF are glycoproteins. Evidence is presented that the major RNase activities of serum (RNases 1-5) and urine (band A) do not originate in pancreas, and that leukocytes are the source of band D RNase of urine, as well as of minor RNase activities of serum and CSF. Results are summarized suggesting that elevated plasma RNase levels may be of dubious utility in the diagnosis of most malignant diseases. Some elevated levels reported in the literature may reflect the advanced age of cancer patients, negative nitrogen balance, and other secondary effects of diseases, particularly kidney dysfunction.
Bonding of indium phosphide layers on silicon substrates (2002)

Indium phosphide layers were bonded on silicon substrates by indium antimonide and gold based eutectic alloys. Although the thermal expansion coefficient of InSb is the same as that of InP, the bonding did not succeed with this material. When using Au based eutectic alloys, the bonding was successful. Large areas could be bonded homogeneously, and InP solar cells were processed on these structures with good characteristics. Because the solar cell is a minority carrier device, its characteristics are significantly worsened by the dislocations which reduce the minority carrier diffusion length. The bonding method has been applied for transferring InP layers on Si to avoid the formation of misfit dislocations at the interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A phase II trial of iniparib (BSI-201) in combination with gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. (2011)

5004 Background: GC is an established chemotherapy combination for patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, with an associated overall response rate (ORR) of 47.2% (Pfisterer et al. JCO 2006; 24:4699). Addition of iniparib (BSI-201), an anticancer agent with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitory activity, to GC potentiates the activity of GC alone, with low incremental toxicities, in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (O’Shaughnessy et al. NEJM 2011). This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iniparib in combination with GC in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: This multicenter, single-arm phase 2 study used a Simon two-stage design (Stage I n=17; total N=41). Eligible patients were ≥18 years with a histological diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal carcinoma and demonstration of platinum-sensitive disease, defined by relapse ≥6 months following primary treatment termination. Carboplatin (AUC 4; IV; day 1), gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2; IV; days 1 and 8), and iniparib (5.6 mg/kg; IV; days 1, 4, 8, and 11) were given on a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.0); secondary endpoints were safety and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Analysis from the first 17 patients (who completed Stage 1) demonstrated an ORR of 70.6%, consisting of 12 confirmed responses. Preliminary analyses did not indicate a relationship between BRCA status and objective response. Safety profiles were consistent with those observed in previous clinical studies of iniparib + GC. Conclusions: Iniparib + GC demonstrated activity in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, with increase in ORR, compared with data from previous studies (70.6% vs. 47.2%). No unexpected toxicities have been reported. Updated data from all 41 enrolled patients will be presented. Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT01033123.
Structure and function of the urokinase receptor (1993)

The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR), present on the surface of a number of cell types, is a key component in the plasminogen activation system where it serves to localize and accelerate the activation cascade. In the present review, structural and functional aspects of u-PAR are discussed with special emphasis on newer findings. The structural features discussed include a repetitive domain structure with an NH2-terminal, ligand-binding domain, a membrane anchor of the GPI-type and high amounts of N-linked carbohydrate. The demonstration of a previously identified monocyte activation antigen, Mo3, as being identical with u-PAR, is described. Functional aspects include the ligand-binding process, the consequences of this binding process for the activation cascade system, the cleavage of u-PAR by u-PA itself, and the internalization of u-PA inhibitor complexes. Finally, a number of findings are discussed which support the view that u-PA/u-PAR are important components in degradation processes during cancer invasion. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have revealed complicated interplays between different cell types, specifically at the invasive front regions of tumours, with regard to these molecules, and in in vitro model systems for invasion the putative roles of the components have been studied.
Visual snow syndrome: a review on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment (2019)

Scientific understanding of visual snow syndrome is growing. Major challenges remain the subjective nature of the disease, its overlap with migraine, and the lack of quantifiable outcome measures, which are necessary for clinical trials. In that context, refined perceptual assessment, objective electrophysiological parameters, as well as advanced functional brain imaging studies, are promising tools in the pipeline.
Ischemic heart disease and stroke before and during endocrine treatment for prostate cancer in PCBaSe Sweden (2011)

In observational studies of men with prostate cancer, men on endocrine treatment (ET) have had an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. However, prostate cancer per se may increase risk of IHD and stroke and men on ET may have been at increased risk already prior to initiation of ET. We assessed the incidence of IHD and stroke in men with prostate cancer before and during different endocrine treatments. The hazard ratio (HR) of IHD and stroke in 39,051 men with prostate cancer vs. a matched control population without prostate cancer was assessed by use of Cox proportion hazard models. An increased risk was found among 30,883 men with prostate cancer who did not receive ET, with a HR of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00-1.18) for IHD and 1.10 (95%CI 1.00-1.21) for stroke. In 8,168 men who initiated ET during the observation period, the risk of IHD was significantly higher (p = 0.014), during ET (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17-1.67) compared with before initiation of ET (HR of 0.98, 95% CI 0.72-1.33), whereas no such increase was found for stroke. Regardless of treatment, men with prostate cancer had a small increase in risk of IHD and stroke and initiation of ET was associated with a further increase in risk of IHD. Our data underline the importance of a proper indication for ET because many men with low-risk prostate cancer currently receive ET.
Two‐Photon‐Absorption Properties of Pyrene‐Based Dipolar D‐π‐A Fluorophores (2018)

Abstract Two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of pyrene‐based derivatives are rare as a result of the limited number of controllable synthetic methods to prepare them. However, these materials are in great demand given their potential practical application in photics and biological imaging. Herein, we present a set of pyrene‐based dipolar donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) fluorophores with a wide‐range of color tuning and large TPA cross‐sections (up to 2200 GM at 780 nm) by regioselective substitution at the 1,3‐ and 6,8‐positions under the perspective of theoretical analysis. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of these compounds have been studied. The near‐identical emission wavelengths between the two‐photon‐excited fluorescence (TPEF) and one‐photon excited fluorescence (OPEF) indicated that they are generated from the same fluorescent excited state by either one‐ or two‐photon excitation. With the exception of the strong donor [N(CH 3 ) 2 ] appended fluorophore, the TPEF exhibited a large red‐shift compared with the OPEF spectra as a result of the complicated working mechanisms in operation, including intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). All fluorophores exhibit high two‐photon cross‐sections (or two‐photon brightness, δΦ ), especially for 1348 GM, which indicated that these materials can be used as colorants for probe and bioimaging applications.
<title>Gemini primary mirror support system</title> (1994)

The primary mirror selected for the Gemini 8-m Telescopes is a thin meniscus made of Corning ULE<SUP>TM</SUP> glass. The conceptual design of the Gemini support system has evolved in response to the properties of the meniscus mirror and the functional requirements of the Gemini Telescopes. This paper describes the design requirements, the design features, and predicted performance of this system.
Membrane Application in Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis to Enhance CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation (2005)

The present work experimentally demonstrates that the conversion of CO2 to long-chain hydrocarbons via CO2 shift and Fischer−Tropsch reaction can be enhanced by in situ H2O removal. The experiments are carried out in a packed-bed reactor with an integrated silica membrane. Though the membrane exhibits low permselectivities regarding H2O under Fischer−Tropsch conditions, the deficiencies in permselectivity can be overcome by the choice of H2 and H2/CO2 as the sweep-gas. The increase in conversion and yield is attributed to the removal of H2O, which is shown by experimental data analysis based on a reaction engineering type model of the inert membrane packed-bed reactor.
Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Azoles with Aryl Bromides (2009)

Nickel catalyst systems for the direct C2 arylation of oxazoles and thiazoles have been developed. The catalyst systems are cost-efficient and allow the use of various aryl bromides in the C-H arylation of azoles.
A Nanopore–Nanofiber Mesh Biosensor To Control DNA Translocation (2013)

Solid-state nanopores show promise as single-molecule sensors for biomedical applications, but to increase their resolution and efficiency, analyte molecules must remain longer in the nanopore sensing volume. Here we demonstrate a novel, facile, and customizable nanopore sensor modification that reduces the double-stranded DNA translocation velocity by 2 orders of magnitude or more via interactions outside the nanopore. This is achieved by electrospinning a copolymer nanofiber mesh (NFM) directly onto a solid-state nanopore (NP) chip. The effect of NFMs on dsDNA translocation through an NP is highlighted using a set of NFMs of varying mesh composition that reduce the translocation speed relative to a bare pore from 1- to >100-fold. A representative NFM from this set is effective on DNA as long as 20 kbp, improves the nanopore resolution, and allows discrimination among different DNA lengths.
Research progress on gene polymorphism in breast cancer (2014)

Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors in women.The incidence of breast cancer has relationship with genetic susceptibility of different individuals.Single nucleotide polymorphism can lead to individual genetic susceptibility.To find out gene polymorphism of breast cancer contributes to discover the populations susceptible of breast cancer and make strategies to prevent cancer.

Key words: 
Breast neoplasms;  Gene polymorphism
Enhancement of fibrin binding and activation of plasminogen by staplabin through induction of a conformational change in plasminogen (1997)

Staplabin (0.3-0.6 mM), a fungal triprenyl phenol, enhanced 3-fold the plasminogen activator-catalyzed activation of Glu-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen as well as their binding to fibrin. Staplabin was not stimulatory to the amidolytic activity of plasmin and plasminogen activators. Even in the presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and fibrinogen fragments, allosteric effectors for Glu-plasminogen, staplabin increased the activation of both forms of plasminogen. In size-exclusion chromatography of Glu-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen, the molecular elution time, which varies as the conformation of a protein changes, was shortened by staplabin. These results suggest that staplabin causes plasminogens to be more susceptible to activation and fibrin binding by inducing a conformational change that is, at least in part, different from that induced by EACA and fibrinogen fragments.
Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds (2004)

Abstract Hafnium, Hf, is in Group 4 (IVB) of the Periodic Table, as are the lighter elements zirconium and titanium. Hafnium is a heavy gray‐white metallic element never found free in nature. It is always found associated with the more plentiful zirconium. The two elements are almost identical in chemical behavior. Hafnium is obtained as a by‐product of the production of hafnium‐free nuclear‐grade zirconium. Hafnium is used in nuclear control rods, nickel‐based superalloys, nozzles for plasma arc metal cutting, and high temperature ceramics. Hafnium is a hard, heavy, somewhat ductile metal having an appearance slightly darker than that of stainless steel. Hafnium's aqueous chemistry is characterized by a high degree of hydrolysis, the formation of polymeric species, a very slow approach to true equilibrium, and the multitude of complex ions that can be formed. Hafnium is a highly reactive metal. Most hafnium compounds have been of slight commercial interest aside from intermediates in the production of hafnium metal. However, hafnium oxide, hafnium carbide, and hafnium nitride are quite refractory and have received considerable study as the most refractory compounds of the Group 4 (IVB) elements.
Selenium-77 NMR spectroscopic characterization of selenium sulfide ring molecules SenS8-n (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelenium-77 NMR spectroscopic characterization of selenium sulfide ring molecules SenS8-nRisto S. Laitinen and Tapani A. PakkanenCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 16, 2598–2603Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00263a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00263a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence-Specific Binding of Human Ets-1 to the T Cell Receptor α Gene Enhancer (1990)

Expression of the human T cell receptor (TCR) alpha gene is regulated by a T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer that is located 4.5 kilobases (kb) 3' to the C alpha gene segment. The core enhancer contains two nuclear protein binding sites, T alpha 1 and T alpha 2, which are essential for full enhancer activity. T alpha 1 contains a consensus cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element (CRE) and binds a set of ubiquitously expressed CRE binding proteins. In contrast, the transcription factors that interact with the T alpha 2 site have not been defined. In this report, a lambda gt11 expression protocol was used to isolate a complementary DNA (cDNA) that programs the expression of a T alpha 2 binding protein. DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that this clone encodes the human ets-1 proto-oncogene. Lysogen extracts produced with this cDNA clone contained a beta-galactosidase-Ets-1 fusion protein that bound specifically to a synthetic T alpha 2 oligonucleotide. The Ets-1 binding site was localized to a 17-base pair (bp) region from the 3' end of T alpha 2. Mutation of five nucleotides within this sequence abolished both Ets-1 binding and the activity of the TCR alpha enhancer in T cells. These results demonstrate that Ets-1 binds in a sequence-specific fashion to the human TCR alpha enhancer and suggest that this developmentally regulated proto-oncogene functions in regulating TCR alpha gene expression.