gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Redundancy of the Nuclear Factor κB Inhibitors IκBα and IκBβ (1998)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the inhibitor proteins of the IkappaB family. Each member of the IkappaB exhibits structural and biochemical similarities as well as differences. In an effort to address the functional redundancy of two closely related IkappaB molecules, IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta, we generated knock-in mice by replacing the IkappaBalpha gene with the IkappaBbeta gene. The knock-in mice do not express IkappaBalpha, but express a T7-tagged IkappaBbeta under the promoter and regulatory sequence of ikba. Unlike the IkappaBalpha-deficient mice, which display severe postnatal developmental defects and die by postnatal day 8, homozygous knock-in mice survive to adulthood, are fertile, and exhibit no apparent abnormalities. Furthermore, thymocytes and embryonic fibroblasts from the knock-in animals exhibit an inducible NF-kappaB response similar to that of wild-type animals. These results indicate that IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta share significant similarities in their biochemical activity, and that they acquired their different functions from divergent expression patterns during evolution.
Renal Vascular Function in Hypercholesterolemia Is Preserved by Chronic Antioxidant Supplementation (2001)

Hypercholesterolemia impairs systemic vascular reactivity in response to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, which may be mediated partly through increased formation of lipid peroxides. However, it is unclear whether these pathophysiological mechanisms play a role in renal vascular impairment in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Hence, pigs were studied after a 3-mo normal (n = 7) or high cholesterol (HC) (n = 7) diet, HC diet supplemented daily with antioxidant vitamins E (100 IU/kg) and C (1000 mg; HC+vitamins, n = 5), or normal diet supplemented with vitamins (N+vitamins, n = 5). Renal blood flow was measured with electron-beam computed tomography before and during infusion of acetylcholine (Ach). Endothelial function, endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity were studied in renal arteries ex vivo. Despite similar cholesterol levels, LDL oxidizability (lag time, malondialdehyde, and relative electrophoretic mobility) was increased in pigs that were fed the HC diet but was significantly decreased in pigs that were fed the HC+vitamins diet. Renal blood flow response to Ach was blunted in pigs that were fed the HC diet but was preserved in pigs that were fed the HC+vitamins diet. Maximal relaxation to Ach was attenuated in pigs that were fed the HC diet compared with those that were fed the normal diet (51.5 +/- 6.4% versus 97.0 +/- 2.9%; P < 0.01) but was preserved in pigs that were fed the HC+vitamins diet (103.1 +/- 3.0%; P = 0.39) and N+vitamins diet (87.7 +/- 3.0%; P = 0.1), as were relaxation responses to calcium ionophore A23187. Vascular smooth-muscle relaxation to diethylamine was enhanced in endothelium-denuded HC vessel but was restored in pigs that were on the HC+vitamins regimen. In HC, immuno-reactivity of endothelial NOS was decreased, that of inducible NOS was increased, and both were preserved in pigs that were fed the HC+vitamins and N+vitamins diets, whereas nitrotyrosine was not detected. The present study demonstrates that antioxidant intervention in experimental HC reduces LDL oxidizability and preserves renal vascular responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. Therefore, this beneficial effect potentially can protect the kidney from hypercholesterolemia-induced damage.
Internally folded Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers pumped by laser diodes (1994)

An efficient, scalable, diode-pumped Nd laser design is reported. The gain element can be longitudinally pumped along five separate axes and is relatively simple to fabricate. Both Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO/sub 4/ gain media were evaluated. Using five single-stripe laser diodes to pump the Nd:YAG, 3.94 W of absorbed power produced 2.1 W CW at 1.06 /spl mu/m. The slope efficiency was 54 percent and the output was TEM/sub 00/. The threshold power was 40 mW. No evidence of thermal saturation was observed up to the maximum pump power. Repetitively Q-switched operation is also reported. The maximum output power for Nd:YVO/sub 4/ obtained with 2.9 W of pump power was 1.3 W. The slope efficiency was 47 percent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantifying Dispersion in Graphene Oxide/Reactive Benzoxazine Monomer Nanocomposites. (2014)

Two structurally different bisbenzoxazine monomers (tBP-oda and tBP-jeff148) are synthesized and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 3 wt %. Successful synthesis of the benzoxazine monomer and conversion from graphite to GO are verified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Dispersibility of GO in the benzoxazine monomers prior to polymerization is studied using rheological analysis, and quantified according to the theory of fractal model of colloidal gels. The polymerization behavior of the GO/benzoxazine mixtures is studied by both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Rheological analysis is also applied to the nanocomposite precursors. Better dispersions are achieved using tBP-oda, the benzoxazine with a high degree of aromaticity in its chemical structure. The addition of GO exhibits a negative effect on the polymerization of the two benzoxazines. The mechanical properties and the glass transition temperature Tg of GO/poly(tBP-oda) nanocomposites increases, whereas for the GO/poly(tBP-jeff148) nanocomposites, the mechanical properties are moderately enhanced and Tg is reduced as a function of the GO concentration. The modifications of the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are mainly attributed to the degree of dispersion of the GO nanosheets.
Electronic and optical properties of strained Ge/Si superlattices (1991)

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of short-period (Ge${)}_{\mathit{n}}$/(Si${)}_{\mathit{m}}$ strained-layer superlattices (SLS's) on Si and Ge [001] substrates, and the ``free-standing'' case, based on ab initio calculations. In order to compensate for the error in the excitation energies inherent to the local-density approximation, we add ad hoc potentials on the atomic sites. With this correction the calculated transition energies compare favorably with quasiparticle calculations and experiment. Special emphasis is placed on the orthorhombic nature of the SLS's with both n and m even, as reflected in both the energy-band structure and the dielectric response ${\mathit{varepsilon}}_{2}$(\ensuremath{\omega}), which is different for all three polarizations along the main axes. The effects of various substrates is examined for the occurring interband transitions, and in some cases reduced to a simple deformation-potential ansatz. A similar approach is taken for the splitting of the top of the valence band due to the internal uniaxial strain, which obeys a simple Vegard-type law; it is shown that confinement effects are negligible up to the values considered, i.e., n+m=12. The SLS's with a period of n+m=10 and sufficiently large strain in the Si layers have a direct gap; the transition from the top of the valence band to the lowest zone-folded conduction band at k=0, however, is only dipole allowed for special cases, such as the superlattices with n,m odd, i.e., for systems with no inversion symmetry. The (Ge${)}_{5}$/(Si${)}_{5}$ SLS is predicted to be a good candidate for optoelectronic devices. A reversal of the two lowest folded conduction states (dipole allowed and forbidden, respectively) is obtained when going from the n=4 to the n=6 case. Recent experiments on 10-monolayer SLS's are discussed in the light of our results.
Brainy hand (2009)

Existing wearable hand gesture interaction devices are very bulky and cannot be worn in everyday life, because of the presence of a large visual feedback device. In particular, an eyeglass-type head-mounted display is very large for constant usage. To solve this problem, we propose Brainy Hand, which is a simple wearable device that adopts laser line, or more specifically, a mini-projector as a visual feedback device. Brainy Hand consists of a color camera, an earphone, and a laser line or mini-projector. This device uses a camera to detect 3D hand gestures. The earphone is used for receiving audio feedback. In this study, we introduce several user interfaces using Brainy Hand. (e.g., music player, phone)
The DNA binding activity of the liver transaction factors LFB1 (HNF1) AND HNF4 varies coordinately in rat hepatocellular carcinoma (1995)

As renal cell carcinomas are characterized by the disappearance of the transcription factor LFB1, which is known to be primarily involved in gene regulation in the liver, we have measured the presence of LFB1 in rat hepatocellular carcinomas induced by diethylnitrosamine. The level of LFB1 binding activity in adenoid-cystic as well as trabecular tumours shows some variation and may either be lower or higher than in the non-tumorous tissue. The amount of LFB1 binding activity correlates with the binding activity of HNF4, a transcription factor reported to stimulate LFB1 expression. As the levels of LFB1 and HNF4 binding activity differ extensively in various hepatocellular carcinomas, it is unlikely that these transcription factors play a general role in hepatocarcinogenesis. This is in contrast to renal carcinogenesis where a dramatic loss of LFB1 is a consistent feature.
An approach toward higher dimensional hysteresis chaos generators (1990)

An approach toward higher dimensional autonomous chaotic circuits is discussed. Special consideration is given to a particular class of circuits which includes only one nonlinear element, namely, a three-segment piecewise-linear resistor, and one small inductor, L/sub 0/, serially connected with it. A simple four-dimensional example that realizes hyperchaos is given. For the case in which L/sub 0/ is shorted, the circuit equation can be simplified to a constrained system and a two-dimensional Poincare map can be rigorously derived. This mapping and its Lyapunov exponents verify laboratory measurements of hyperchaos and related phenomena. A rigorous approach to the singular perturbation theory of an N-dimensional circuit family that includes the above example is then provided. A canonical equation which describes any circuit in this family is derived. This equation can also be simplified to a constrained system, and an (Nn-2)-dimensional Poincare map can be derived. The main theorem indicates that this mapping explains the observable solutions of the canonical form very well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasma antennas: survey of techniques and the current state of the art (2003)

Plasma antennas refer to a wide variety of antenna concepts that incorporate some use of an ionized medium. This study summarizes the basic theory behind the operation of plasma antennas based on a survey of patents and technical publications. Methods of exciting and confining plasmas are discussed, and the current state of the art in plasma technology is examined.
A Novel Digital Content Protection Scheme Combining Iris Identity Based Digital Signature and Semi-fragile Watermark (2006)

A novel digital content protection algorithm combined iris biometric based digital signature and semi-fragile watermark is proposed. Iris-based PKI architecture is constructed to create digital signature, which has numerous advantages such as reduced cost of ownership, increased security, regulatory compliance, and flexibility. We use the iris biometric-based key string and an elliptic curve point embedding technique to create the public key and corresponding private key. The signed iris code is used as watermark to achieve the semi-fragile watermarking scheme. Our simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively protect the digital content and has the advantages of security, creditability, and authenticity.
Purification Rate of Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate Crystal for Transuranium Elements on Isothermal Sweating Phenomenon (2010)

For the purpose of further increasing decontamination performance, the purification behavior of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UNH) crystals was studied in the static system. The approach to purification of UNH crystals recovered from the irradiated fast reactor core fuel using a dissolver solution was examined by an isothermal sweating process, which involves heating to the melting point of the crystal. Since transuranium (TRU) elements were present as liquid impurities in the UNH crystal, their decontamination factors (DFs) were improved using this process. The DFs of Cs and TRU elements for the UNH crystals had a tendency to increase with time and were kept virtually constant by 240 min. Not having been precipitated as Cs2Pu(NO3)6 during the crystallization, Pu remained in the mother liquor and was removed by the sweating process. The purification rate coefficients of UNH crystals for Cs and TRU elements were calculated using these experimental data. These values for Pu, 137Cs, 241Am, and 242Cm were evaluated to be 2.13 × 10−4, 2.73 × 10−4, 2.11 × 10−4, and 3.13 × 10−4 s−1 at 57 °C, respectively.
Negative photoconductivity in high electron mobility transistors (1987)

High electron mobility transistors are sensitive to light since illumination ionizes deep donor centers and increases the drain current. In this letter the first observation of negative photoconductivity, i.e., drain current decreasing with light, will be reported. The current-voltage characteristics were enhanced by shining white light onto the devices showing negative photoconductivity.
Phase Equilibria in Hydrocarbon Systems. n-Butane–Water System in Three-Phase Region (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Equilibria in Hydrocarbon Systems. n-Butane–Water System in Three-Phase RegionH. H. Reamer, R. H. Olds, B. H. Sage, and W. N. LaceyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1944, 36, 4, 381–383Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50412a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50412a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Innate immune peptide LL-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue (2006)

Anti-microbial peptides produced from mucosal epithelium appear to play pivotal roles in the host innate immune defence system in the oral cavity. In particular, human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the cathelicidin-type anti-microbial peptide, LL-37, were reported to kill periodontal disease-associated bacteria. In contrast to well-studied hBDs, little is known about the expression profiles of LL-37 in gingival tissue. In this study, the anti-microbial peptides expressed in gingival tissue were analysed using immunohistochemistry and enxyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry revealed that neutrophils expressed only LL-37, but not hBD-2 or hBD-3, and that such expression was prominent in the inflammatory lesions when compared to healthy gingivae which showed very few or no LL-37 expressing neutrophils. Gingival epithelial cells (GEC), however, expressed all three examined anti-microbial peptides, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammation. Moreover, as determined by ELISA, the concentration of LL-37 in the gingival tissue homogenates determined was correlated positively with the depth of the gingival crevice. Stimulation with periodontal bacteria in vitro induced both hBD-2 and LL-37 expressions by GEC, whereas peripheral blood neutrophils produced only LL-37 production, but not hBD-2, in response to the bacterial stimulation. These findings suggest that LL-37 displays distinct expression patterns from those of hBDs in gingival tissue.
III-V/Ge CMOS technologies on Si platform (2010)

III-V/Ge CMOS on Si platform, realized by heterogeneous integration, is expected to provide a variety of applications from high speed logic CMOS to versatile SoC chips, where various functional devices can be co-integrated. Among them, we are currently pursuing high speed/low power logic CMOS using III-V/Ge channels. While many critical issues have been well recognized for them, we present possible solutions to break through these difficulties in this presentation.
TR-2003009: A Hierarchical Projection Pursuit Clustering Algorithm (2003)

We define a cluster to be characterized by regions of high density separated by regions that are sparse. Given a collection of observations X = {xi}, xi ∈ Rd, |X| = N , we would like to find clusters in data sets in which d and possibly N are large, in which there is no known parametric distribution and in which clusters may take on arbitrary shapes. By observing the downward closure property of density, the search for interesting structure in a high dimensional space can be reduced to a search for structure in lower dimensional subspaces. We present a parameter free Hierarchical Projection Pursuit Clustering (HPPC) algorithm that repeatedly bi-partitions interesting lower dimensional projections of a high dimensional dataset. We describe a projection search procedure for use with relatively high dimensional data and a projection pursuit index function based on the Kittler and Illingworth optimal threshold technique. The output of the algorithm is a decision tree whose nodes store a projection and threshold and whose leaves represent the clusters (classes). We present several methods for cluster validation that are used to evaluate the algorithm. Experiments with various real and synthetic datasets show the effectiveness of the approach. Portions of this work were funded by a New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research grant and by Syllogy Software in cooperation with the Institute for Software Design and Development of the City University of New York
Enforced Adhesion of Hematopoietic Cells to Culture Dish Induces Endomitosis and Polyploidy (2005)

Cells of epithelial or endothelial lineage when forced to grow in suspension undergo the detachment-induced death termed "anoikis". In the present study we explored the reverse situation namely the effect of enforcement of hematopoietic lineage cells that are normally maintained in suspension to grow attached. Towards this end murine L1210 or human HL-60 and Jurkat leukemia cells were cultured in slide chambers coated with poly-L- or poly-D- lysine, or with compound 48/80, the polycations attracting them electrostatically. Within minutes after the transfer L1210 cells strongly adhered to bottom surface of the dish and shortly thereafter binuclear-, and later on, polynuclear-cells become apparent. The frequency of nuclei per cell was increasing with time and polykaryons with up to 16 nuclei and high DNA ploidy (DI = 16.0) were apparent after 48 h. After 4 days the size (volume) of some polykaryons exceeded by over 340-fold the volume of mononuclear cells. The presence of mitotic figures and abnormal mitotic spindles in adhering polykaryons provided evidence of the impeded cytokinesis that led to endomitosis. Most polykaryons excluded trypan blue, had balanced growth (unchanged protein/DNA ratio compared to monokaryons), and showed no evidence of apoptosis. Individual nuclei within each polykaryon replicated DNA in synchrony. The strong cell attachment and aborted cytokinesis were cell line specific since no significant endomitosis was observed in Jurkat- or HL-60- cells which did not strongly attach to polycation-coated surfaces. Defective cytokinesis and induction of polyploidy by this mechanism, if occurs in vivo (e.g., mediated by integrins), may lead to aneuploidy and therefore have tumorigenic consequences. The phenomenon offers novel experimental model for induction of polyploidy and provides alternative to cytocholasin B to prevent cytokinesis in the mutagenicity cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay.
<title>Handheld advanced nucleic acid analyzer</title> (2000)

There is a growing need for portable, lightweight, battery operated instruments capable of detecting and identifying bio-warfare and bio-terrorism agents in the field. To address this need, we have developed a handheld PCR instrument. LLNLs advanced thermal cycling technology and expertise with portable, field tested biological instrumentation, combined with the development of real-time, fluorescence based PCR assays, has enabled the development of a very portable, versatile, power efficient PCR instrument with a simplified operating system designed for use by first responders. The heart of the instrument is the sample module, which incorporates the advanced silicon thermal cycler developed at LLNL.
Targeted Temperature Management for Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest (2010)

A 62-year-old man collapses on the street and is found to be in cardiac arrest. He is resuscitated at the scene by emergency medical personnel, but he is comatose. Targeted temperature management, which involves cooling the patient to a core body temperature of 32 to 34°C for 24 hours, is recommended.
Adiabatic passage of light in coupled optical waveguides (2006)

Adiabatic passage of light in coupled optical waveguides with a curved axis is theoretically investigated and shown to bear a close connection with coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules. In particular, the optical analog of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage can be realized in a three-waveguide optical directional coupler.
The system NaCl-AlCl3 (1974)

The system NaCl-AlCl<sub>3</sub> has been restudied by DTA, visual observation, and x-ray diffraction powder techniques for identification of crystalline phases. It was confirmed that the system contains one intermediate compound NaAlCl<sub>4</sub> with an incongruent mp of 153 ± 0.5 °C and a region of liquid immiseibility extending from 80.25 to 99.6 mol percent AlCl<sub>3</sub> at 191.3 °C, the monotectic temperature.