gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining rules to align knowledge bases (2013)

The Semantic Web has made huge progress in the last decade, and now comprises hundreds of knowledge bases (KBs). The Linked Open Data cloud connects the KBs in this Web of data. However, the links between the KBs are mostly concerned with the instances, not with the schema. Aligning the schemas is not easy, because the KBs may differ not just in their names for relations and classes, but also in their inherent structure. Therefore, we argue in this paper that advanced schema alignment is needed to tie the Semantic Web together. We put forward a particularly simple approach to illustrate how that might look.
Transient expression of the proto-oncogene int-1 during differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. (1989)

In mouse embryos, the int-1 proto-oncogene is transiently expressed in areas of the developing neural system. Retinoic acid-treated P19 embryonal carcinoma cells have often been used as an in vitro model for the molecular basis of neural development. We shown here that int-1 is transiently expressed in differentiated P19 cells. The time course and retinoic acid dose dependence of int-1 expression suggest that the gene is specifically expressed during early neural differentiation. P19 cells may be a useful model to assist in the study, at the cellular level, of the role of int-1 in neural development.
Mini-review: Ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis (2014)

Recent applications of ferrite nanoparticles as catalysts in organic processes are reviewed. Catalytic applications include the use of mainly cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc ferrites, as well as their mixed-metal combinations with Cr, Cd, Mn and sometimes some lanthanides. Core–shell nanostructures with silica and titania are also used without loss of magnetic properties. The ferrite nanomaterials are obtained mainly by wet-chemical sol-gel or co-precipitation methods, more rarely by the sonochemical technique, mechanical high-energy ball milling, spark plasma sintering, microwave heating or hydrothermal route. Catalytic processes with application of ferrite nanoparticles include decomposition (in particular photocatalytic), reactions of dehydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, C–C coupling, among other processes. Ferrite nano catalysts can be easily recovered from reaction systems and reused up to several runs almost without loss of catalytic activity.
Performance characteristics of a microMOSFET as an<i>in vivo</i>dosimeter in radiation therapy (2004)

The commercially available microMOSFET dosimeter was characterized for its dosimetric properties in radiotherapy treatments. The MOSFET exhibited excellent correlation with the dose and was linear in the range of 5-500 cGy. No measurable effect in response was observed in the temperature range of 20-40 degrees C. No significant change in response was observed by changing the dose rate between 100 and 600 monitor units (MU) min(-1) or change in the dose per pulse. A 3% post-irradiation fading was observed within the first 5 h of exposure and thereafter it remained stable up to 60 h. A uniform energy response was observed in the therapy range between 4 MV and 18 MV. However, below 0.6 MeV (Cs-132), the MOSFET response increased with the decrease in energy. The MOSFET also had a uniform dose response in 6-20 MeV electron beams. The directional dependence of MOSFET was within +/-2% for all the energies studied. The inherent build-up of the MOSFET was evaluated dosimetrically and found to have varying water equivalent thickness, depending on the energy and the side of the beam entry. At depth, a single calibration factor obtained by averaging the MOSFET response over different field sizes, energies, orientation and depths reproduced the ion chamber measured dose to within 5%. The stereotactic and the penumbral measurements demonstrated that the MOSFET could be used in a high gradient field such as IMRT. The study showed that the microMOSFET dosimeter could be used as an in vivo dosimeter to verify the dose delivery to the patient to within +/-5%.
Synthesis and Estrogen Receptor Affinity of 2,3‐Diarylindoles (1987)

Abstract 2‐Phenylindoles with aromatic substituents at C‐3 and hydroxy functions at the aromatic rings were synthesized and tested for their binding affinity for the calf uterine estrogen receptor. Most of these indoles bind to the estrogen receptor. The highest binding affinity (1,25 % of estradiol) was found with 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐phenylindole ( 3b ). The acetate of 3b was studied in vivo. It was devoid of estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity in the mouse and inhibited only weakly the growth of hormone‐dependent DMBA‐induced rat mammary tumors.
Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in patients with various degrees of renal function (1988)

The influence of age, protein binding, and renal function on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous vancomycin was evaluated in 37 adult patients with various degrees of renal function. Patients were categorized into three groups based on measured creatinine clearance (CLCR): groups 1, 2, and 3 had 24-h CLCRs of greater than 70, 40 to 70, and 10 to 39 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. After 1 h of intravenous infusion, concentrations of vancomycin in serum declined in a biexponential manner in all patients. Diminished renal function in groups 2 and 3 was accompanied by a lower total body vancomycin clearance (CL) (52.6 and 31.3, respectively, versus 98.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and a lower renal vancomycin clearance (CLR) (48.2 and 19.8, respectively, versus 88.0 ml/min per 1.73 m2) than in group 1. No significant differences in apparent distribution volume of the central compartment or apparent distribution volume at steady state were observed. Mean serum protein binding of vancomycin was 30% and was not significantly affected by renal function. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that CLCR was the strongest predictor of vancomycin CL (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001) and vancomycin CLR (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001). Age did not significantly improve these correlations once CLCR was included. The relationship of vancomycin CL and CLCR was utilized to develop the following equation to dose vancomycin in the majority of renally impaired patients: dose (milligrams per kilogram per 24 h) = 0.227CLCR + 5.67, where CLCR is standardized to milliliters per minute per 70 kg. The practical dosing intervals that the calculated dose can be divided into and administered include 8, 12, 24, and 48 h based on the CLCR of the patient.
Use of hydrodynamic cavitation in (waste)water treatment (2015)

The use of acoustic cavitation for water and wastewater treatment (cleaning) is a well known procedure. Yet, the use of hydrodynamic cavitation as a sole technique or in combination with other techniques such as ultrasound has only recently been suggested and employed. In the first part of this paper a general overview of techniques that employ hydrodynamic cavitation for cleaning of water and wastewater is presented. In the second part of the paper the focus is on our own most recent work using hydrodynamic cavitation for removal of pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, carbamazepine), toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa), green microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris), bacteria (Legionella pneumophila) and viruses (Rotavirus) from water and wastewater. As will be shown, hydrodynamic cavitation, like acoustic, can manifest itself in many different forms each having its own distinctive properties and mechanisms. This was until now neglected, which eventually led to poor performance of the technique. We will show that a different type of hydrodynamic cavitation (different removal mechanism) is required for successful removal of different pollutants. The path to use hydrodynamic cavitation as a routine water cleaning method is still long, but recent results have already shown great potential for optimisation, which could lead to a low energy tool for water and wastewater cleaning.
Ultrasonic computed tomography reconstruction of the attenuation coefficient using a linear array (2005)

The attenuation coefficient distribution and sound velocity distribution in the breast can be used to complement B-mode ultrasound imaging in the detection of breast cancer. This study investigated an approach for reconstructing the attenuation coefficient distribution in the breast using a linear array. The imaging setup was identical to that for conventional B-mode breast imaging, and the same setup has been used for reconstruction of sound velocity distributions in previous studies. In this study, we further developed a reconstruction method for the attenuation coefficient distribution. In particular, the proposed method incorporates the segmentation information from B-mode images and uses the sound velocity distribution to compensate for refraction effects. Experiments were conducted with a setup consisting of a 5-MHz, 128-channel linear array, a programmable digital array system, a phantom, and a computer. The constructed phantom contained materials mimicking the following breast tissues: glandular tissue, fat, cysts, high-attenuation tumors, and irregular tumors. Application of the proposed technique resulted in all the cysts and tumors (including high-attenuation and irregular tumors) being distinguished by thresholding the reconstructed attenuation coefficients. We have demonstrated that it is possible to use the same imaging setup to acquire data for B-mode image, sound velocity distribution, and attenuation coefficient distribution simultaneously. Moreover, the experimental data indicate its potential in improving the detection of breast cancer.
Reproducibility Distinguishes Conscious from Nonconscious Neural Representations (2009)

What qualifies a neural representation for a role in subjective experience? Previous evidence suggests that the duration and intensity of the neural response to a sensory stimulus are factors. We introduce another attribute--the reproducibility of a pattern of neural activity across different episodes--that predicts specific and measurable differences between conscious and nonconscious neural representations independently of duration and intensity. We found that conscious neural activation patterns are relatively reproducible when compared with nonconscious neural activation patterns corresponding to the same perceptual content. This is not adequately explained by a difference in signal-to-noise ratio.
Purification and Some Properties of a Membrane-Bound Aminopeptidase A from <i>Streptococcus cremoris</i> (1987)

A membrane-bound l-alpha-glutamyl (aspartyl)-peptide hydrolase (aminopeptidase A) (EC 3.4.11.7) from Streptococcus cremoris HP has been purified to homogeneity. The free gamma-carboxyl group rather than the amino group of the N-terminal l-alpha-glutamyl (aspartyl) residue appeared to be essential for catalysis. No endopeptidase activity could be established with this enzyme. The native enzyme is a polymeric, most probably trimeric, metalloenzyme (relative molecular weight, approximately 130,000) which shows on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels apparent high relative molecular weight values due to (lipid?) material dissociable with butanol. The subunit (relative molecular weight, approximately 43,000) is catalytically inactive. The enzyme is inactivated completely by dithiothreitol, chelating agents, and the bivalent metal ions Cu and Hg. Of the sulfhydryl-blocking reagents tested, only p-hydroxymercuribenzoate appeared to inhibit the enzyme. Activity lost by treatment with a chelating agent could be restored by Co and Zn. The importance of the occurrence of an aminopeptidase A in S. cremoris with respect to growth in milk is discussed.
Energy-budget-compliant adaptive 3D texture streaming in mobile games (2013)

Advances in computing hardware and novel multimedia applications have urged the development of handheld mobile devices such as smartphones and PDAs. Amongst the most used applications on handheld devices are mobile 3D graphics such as 3D games and 3D virtual environments. With this significant increase of mobile applications and games, one of the challenges is how to efficiently transmit the bulky 3D information to resource-constrained mobile devices. Despite the many attractive features, 3D graphics impose significant demands on the limited battery capacity of mobile devices. Thus the development of efficient approaches to decrease the amount of streamed data with the aim of increasing the battery lifetime has become a key research topic.
DNA binding by single HMG box model proteins (2000)

The HMG1/2 family is a large group of proteins that share a conserved sequence of approximately 80 amino acids rich in basic, aromatic and proline side chains, referred to as an HMG box. Previous studies show that HMG boxes can bind to DNA in a structure-specific manner. To define the basis for DNA recognition by HMG boxes, we characterize the interaction of two model HMG boxes, one a structure-specific box, rHMGb from the rat HMG1 protein, the other a sequence-specific box, Rox1 from yeast, with oligodeoxynucleotide substrates. Both proteins interact with single-stranded oligonucleotides in this study to form 1:1 complexes. The stoichiometry of binding of rHMGb to duplex or branched DNAs differs: for a 16mer duplex we find a weak 2:1 complex, while a 4:1 protein:DNA complex is detected with a four-way DNA junction of 16mers in the presence of Mg(2+). In the case of the sequence-specific Rox1 protein we find tight 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with its cognate duplex sequence and again a 4:1 complex with four-way branched DNA. If the DNA branching is reduced to three arms, both proteins form 3:1 complexes. We believe that these multimeric complexes are relevant for HMG1/2 proteins in vivo, since Mg(2+) is present in the nucleus and these proteins are expressed at a very high level.
Binary searches on multiple small trees for IP address lookup (2005)

Rapid growth of Internet traffic requires more Internet bandwidth and high-speed packet processing in Internet routers. IP address lookup in routers is an essential operation that should be performed in real-time for routers where hundreds of million packets arrive per second. In this paper, we propose a new software-based architecture for efficient IP address lookup. In the proposed scheme, a large routing table is divided into multiple balanced trees, and sequential binary searches are performed on those trees, and hence the number of memory accesses depends on the number of routing entries not on the length of routing prefixes. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed architecture requires a single 301.7 Kbyte SRAM to store about 41000 routing entries, and an address lookup is achieved by 11 memory accesses in average.
Foil Face Seal Testing (2009)

In the seal literature you can find many attempts by various researchers to adapt film riding seals to the gas turbine engine. None have been successful, potential distortion of the sealing faces is the primary reason. There is a film riding device that does accommodate distortion and is in service in aircraft applications, namely the foil bearing. More specifically a foil thrust bearing. These are not intended to be seals, and they do not accommodate large axial movement between shaft & static structure. By combining the 2 a unique type of face seal has been created. It functions like a normal face seal. The foil thrust bearing replaces the normal primary sealing surface. The compliance of the foil bearing allows the foils to track distortion of the mating seal ring. The foil seal has several perceived advantages over existing hydrodynamic designs, enumerated in the chart. Materials and design methodology needed for this application already exist. Also the load capacity requirements for the foil bearing are low since it only needs to support itself and overcome friction forces at the antirotation keys.
Temperature-compensating pulsed reference light source using a LED (1983)

A pulsed light source using a green LED for use as a reference element in gain stabilization of scintillation detectors is described. The temperature effects are compensated for by a thermistor incorporated in the dc circuit of the current source. The light output has proved stable to ∼0.1% in the laboratory environments where the changes in temperature are within ±5°C or so.
Exploring the optimum approach to the use of CT densitometry in a randomised placebo-controlled study of augmentation therapy in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (2009)

Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as 'Antitrypsin (AAT) to Treat Emphysema in AAT-Deficient Patients'; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00263887.
Morphological and phenotypical characterization of human endothelial progenitor cells in an early stage of differentiation (2005)

The exact phenotype and lineage of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are still a matter of debate and different expansion protocols are used to obtain them. In this study, EPC expansion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed within the first week of culture. Both the adherent and suspended cells, of which the latter usually discarded, were considered. We provide, for the first time, a systematic study of EPC phenotype and functional features within the first 3 days of culture. Moreover, within the 2nd day, both cellular fractions displayed a significant increase in endothelial marker expression which correlated with EPC properties.
System insecurity in the Internet age (1999)

The general-purpose computing environment that characterizes the PC and Internet was not designed for privacy or integrity. Surveying a variety of Internet targets, the author discusses likely attackers and their techniques. He offers defense mechanisms for protecting system integrity and blocking such attacks.
Chemical properties of fatty acid derivatives as inhibitors of DNA polymerases (2007)

In this study, the chemical properties of organic acids as DNA polymerase inhibitors were examined. In total, we assayed the inhibitory activities of 23 compounds. We found that the DNA synthesis activity of DNA polymerase was usually reduced to less than 50% in the presence of 100 microM monoprotic acids, which have a Clog P value greater than 7.0 and a pK(a) value less than 5.4. With a minor modification these chemical properties applied to several organic fatty acids previously reported as DNA polymerase inhibitors. Moreover, we also examined the inhibitory activities of perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOdA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) against DNA polymerase beta in detail. These compounds inhibited the polymerase activity of pol beta competitively with template-primer DNA, and non-competitively with dNTPs. In addition, the 8 kDa domain-defective pol beta was also sensitive to these compounds. Our results suggest that the inhibitory mode of action of PFOdA and PFOS is different from that mediated by the classic fatty acid inhibitors against DNA polymerase beta.
The inhibitory effects of gossypol on human prostate cancer cells-PC3 are associated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) signal transduction pathway. (2004)

These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of (+/-)-GP on the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC3 cells are associated with induction of TGFbeta1, which in turn influences the expression of the cell cycle-regulatory protein, cyclin D1, in prostate cancer cells.
Computational Graphs and Rounding Error (1974)

Using graphs for representing computational processes, relative error propagation is described. It is shown how this relates to the condition of a problem and to the property of a process to be benign, i.e., to have only harmless effects of rounding errors. In particular, composition of processes is studied under these aspects. Several examples illustrate the theory.
Thermoelectric properties of thallium-filled skutterudites (2000)

Crystallographic data, electrical and thermal transport measurements, and heat-capacity data are reported for several compounds with the filled skutterudite structure: ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{y}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{y},$ where $0<(x,y)<1$ and $x\ensuremath{\approx}y.$ These materials have potential use for thermoelectric power generation. The Tl atomic displacement parameters (ADP's) are large relative to the other elements in the compounds indicating substantial ``rattling'' of the Tl about its equilibrium position. A simple analysis of the ADP's and low-temperature heat-capacity data indicate an Einstein temperature for the Tl of 53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 K. The resonant scattering of acoustic phonons by the Tl ``rattlers'' are believed to be the major cause of the rapid decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity as small amounts of Tl are inserted into the voids of the skutterudite structure. Thermal and electrical transport are investigated as a function of the void filling with monovalent Tl and they are compared to previous data reported for partial filling with trivalent rare-earth ions. For comparable filling fractions, the Tl compounds had higher electron mobilities and a similar depression of the thermal conductivity. Unlike the rare-earth skutterudites, however, within experimental error there was no evidence of mass-fluctuation scattering and the minimum thermal conductivity occurred near complete void filling. At elevated temperatures (800 K), the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, for n-type samples is estimated from room-temperature data to be about 0.8 for both Tl-filled and rare-earth-filled ${\mathrm{Co}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}.$
Atlas-Based Attenuation Correction for PET/MRI (2013)

Attenuation correction (AC) in PET/MRI is difficult as there is no clear relationship between MR signal and 511 keV attenuation coefficients (μ). One strategy is to align a pre-defined atlas of μ to the PET/MRI for AC. However, atlas design may influence quantitative accuracy of AC. In this thesis we compare 3 atlas design strategies and evaluate their performance in an oncology patient population. The 3 strategies were: correction with BMI-dependent atlases; gender-dependent atlases, and a gender- and sex-independent atlas. Patients were imaged with FDG PET/CT and 3T MRI. The atlases were created and then used for PET AC of patients not included in the atlas construction. Resulting PET images were compared to CT-based PET reconstructions across all voxels and tissue-specific volumes. For the purposes of AC, there is value in developing specialized atlases. To this end, gender plays a more important role than body mass index in atlas construction.
A gear pump based on harmonic gear drive (2013)

Aimed at solving the problems of radial fluid pressure imbalance, bigger flow ripple and shorter service life that exists in traditional gear pumps, a new type of gear pump based on the principle of harmonic gear drive is put forth, where the function for pumping fluid is achieved by mutual engagement between flexible gear and rigid gear. The structural composition, principle and features of the new gear pump are described in this article. The new pump has two higher pressure cavities arranged symmetrically, which counteracts the fluid pressure and the pump could work longer. Its displacement is two times that of the conventional gear pump and the total discharge is bigger. Flow pulsation, vibration and noise in the new pump are evidently diminished, which make the operation smooth. The new gear pump has superiority in performance and could guide the development in gear pump technology.