gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential occurrence of chromosome 21 malsegregation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer disease patients (1999)

To further investigate our finding of high levels of spontaneous aneuploidy in somatic cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (Migliore et al. 1997), we studied the molecular cytogenetics of eight patients with sporadic AD and six healthy controls of similar age. Cytochalasin B-blocked binucleated peripheral blood lymphocytes from the AD patients and unaffected controls were used to measure micronucleus induction or other aneuploidy events, such as the presence of malsegregation in interphase nuclei (representing chromosome loss and gain). Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with differential labeled DNA probes was applied. We used a probe specific for the centromeres of chromosomes 13 and 21 combined with a single cosmid for the Down's syndrome region (21q22.2) to obtain information on spontaneous chromosome loss and gain frequencies for both chromosomes (13 and 21). FISH data showed that AD lymphocytes had higher frequencies of chromosome loss (evaluated as fluorescently labeled micronuclei) for both chromosomes, as well as higher frequencies of aneuploid interphase nuclei, again involving both chromosomes, compared to control lymphocytes. However, aneuploidy for chromosome 21 was more frequent than for chromosome 13 in AD patients. This preferential occurrence of chromosome 21 in malsegregation in somatic cells of AD patients raises the hypothesis that mosaicism for trisomy of chromosome 21 could underlie the dementia phenotype in AD patients, as well as in elderly Down's syndrome patients.
Reproducible localization of interictal epileptiform discharges using EEG-triggered fMRI (1999)

We report preliminary experiences using fMRI triggered by EEG to localize the site of interictal epileptiform activity. EEG was recorded in the scanner and monitored on-line; the recording quality was good enough to allow the clear identification of spikes in the EEG. Snap-shot EPI was performed 2-4 s after an epileptiform discharge ('spike') or after at least 10 s of background activity ('rest') was observed. A pixel-by-pixel t-test was performed between the 'rest' and the 'spike' images to determine areas of significant activation. Significant activation was obtained in a patient with epilepsy. To assess the reliability and reproducibility of the technique, the patient was scanned on four separate occasions with similar areas being activated in all the studies, confirming the validity of the result.
From Point to Set: Extend the Learning of Distance Metrics (2013)

Most of the current metric learning methods are proposed for point-to-point distance (PPD) based classification. In many computer vision tasks, however, we need to measure the point-to-set distance (PSD) and even set-to-set distance (SSD) for classification. In this paper, we extend the PPD based Mahalanobis distance metric learning to PSD and SSD based ones, namely point-to-set distance metric learning (PSDML) and set-to-set distance metric learning (SSDML), and solve them under a unified optimization framework. First, we generate positive and negative sample pairs by computing the PSD and SSD between training samples. Then, we characterize each sample pair by its covariance matrix, and propose a covariance kernel based discriminative function. Finally, we tackle the PSDML and SSDML problems by using standard support vector machine solvers, making the metric learning very efficient for multiclass visual classification tasks. Experiments on gender classification, digit recognition, object categorization and face recognition show that the proposed metric learning methods can effectively enhance the performance of PSD and SSD based classification.
DNA Vaccination Against the Idiotype of a Murine B Cell Lymphoma: Mechanism of Tumor Protection (1999)

Several studies have shown that immunization with DNA, which encodes the idiotypic determinants of a B cell lymphoma, generates tumor-specific immunity. Although induction of antiidiotypic Abs has correlated with tumor protection, the effector mechanisms that contribute to tumor protection have not been clearly identified. This study evaluated the tumor protective effects of humoral and cellular immune mechanisms recruited by idiotype-directed DNA vaccines in the 38C13 murine B cell lymphoma model. Antiidiotypic Abs induced by DNA vaccination supported in vitro complement-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells, and simultaneous transfer of tumor cells and hyperimmune sera protected naive animals against tumor growth. However, in vitro stimulation of immune splenocytes with tumor cells failed to induce idiotype-specific cytotoxicity, and following vaccination, depletion of CD4 or CD8 T cell subsets did not compromise protection. Furthermore, protection of naive recipients against tumor challenge could not be demonstrated either by a Winn assay approach or by adoptive transfer of spleen and lymph node cells. Thus, in this experimental model, current evidence suggests that the tumor-protective effects of DNA vaccination can be largely attributed to idiotype-specific humoral immunity.
Statistical analysis of microarray data: a Bayesian approach (2003)

The potential of microarray data is enormous. It allows us to monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. A common task with microarray is to determine which genes are differentially expressed between two samples obtained under two different conditions. Recently, several statistical methods have been proposed to perform such a task when there are replicate samples under each condition. Two major problems arise with microarray data. The first one is that the number of replicates is very small (usually 2-10), leading to noisy point estimates. As a consequence, traditional statistics that are based on the means and standard deviations, e.g. t-statistic, are not suitable. The second problem is that the number of genes is usually very large (approximately 10,000), and one is faced with an extreme multiple testing problem. Most multiple testing adjustments are relatively conservative, especially when the number of replicates is small. In this paper we present an empirical Bayes analysis that handles both problems very well. Using different parametrizations, we develop four statistics that can be used to test hypotheses about the means and/or variances of the gene expression levels in both one- and two-sample problems. The methods are illustrated using experimental data with prior knowledge. In addition, we present the result of a simulation comparing our methods to well-known statistics and multiple testing adjustments.
Development of adaptive sideslip angle estimator (2016)

The sideslip angle is used to control a vehicle for safety, however, it is hard to estimate the sideslip angle. In many researches, the estimator needs many unattainable variables, such as yaw inertia or cornering stiffness, to estimate the sideslip angle. This paper proposes the observer uses geometrically derived equations. The estimator needs a compensation value to estimate the sideslip angle instead of unattainable variables. The compensation value compensates the error from the imperfections of the formulas and nonlinearity motion at high speed. Estimator tunes its compensation value automatically, and uses the least squares method for estimating the compensation value and to apply to a real vehicle. Estimator is developed by LabVIEW, and gets the simulation result through CarSim. The algorithm of finding a proper compensation value is simply using the sensor data that are already mounted on vehicles, such as yaw rate, longitudinal speed, and lateral acceleration. The real vehicle test was conducted to verify the proposed algorithm. From the results, the algorithm can estimate the sideslip angle without unattainable variables.
Treatment with the Radiolabelled Somatostatin Analog <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE for Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (2013)

(177)Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy showed antitumor activity in advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors even at a reduced total activity of 18.5 GBq. However, progression-free survival was significantly longer (p = 0.05) after a total activity of 27.8 GBq, which can thus be considered the recommended dosage in eligible patients.
Absorption and excretions studies on tetracycline. (1959)

Tetracycline is absorbed from the dog stomach, duodenum and ileum hut relatively little absorption occurs from the colon. Absorption from the small intestine is extremely rapid, peak serum levels being attained within 30 minutes. Absorption from the stomach is remarkable but peak levels are reached much more slowly than from the intestine and are maintained for a considerably longer time. The actual amount of tetracycline which is absorbed during the period examined is small in relation to the dose administered. Absorption appears to be a passive diffusion phenomenon. Excretion data on tetracycline are presented. Fifty to 60% of an intravenously administered dose is consistently excreted within 24 hours regardless of the initial dose. Another 20 to 25% is excreted in the next 48 to 72 hours. Renal clearance data provide a total tetracycline/creatinine ratio of 0.33 in unanesthetized dogs. Protein binding studies indicate that 69% of the blood complement of tetracycline is protein bound. Assuming that in vitro protein binding data reliably reflect the amount of drug filterable at the glomeruli, the filterable tatracycline/creatinine ratio then becomes 1.04. Considering all of the evidence presented, it is concluded that the renal excretion of tetracycline occurs solely by way of glomerular filtration with the tubules playing littleor no role.
Human MUC5AC mucin dimerizes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, similarly to the MUC2 mucin (1998)

Biosynthetic studies on the human MUC5AC mucin were performed by immunoprecipitations with antisera recognizing only the non-O-glycosylated apomucin in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS 174T. Pulse-chase studies and subcellular fractionations showed that MUC5AC formed dimers in the rough endoplasmic reticulum within 15 min of the initiation of biosynthesis. No non-O-glycosylated species larger than dimers were identified. The dimerization was N-glycosylation-dependent, because tunicamycin treatment significantly lowered the rate of dimerization. When the biosynthesis of MUC5AC apomucin was compared with that of MUC2 apomucin, also produced in the LS 174T cell line, both apomucins were assembled in similar ways with respect to their rates of dimerization with and without inhibition of N-glycosylation. No heterodimerization was observed between the human MUC5AC and the MUC2 apomucins despite the extensive sequence similarities in the positions of the cysteine residues in the C-termini proposed to be involved in mucin dimerization.
Bayesian deep learning for seismic facies classification and its uncertainty estimation (2019)

Probabilistic pixel-wise semantic segmentation using Convolutional neural networks and Monte Carlo sampling with dropout during testing has gained popularity because of its ability to obtain uncertainly maps from deep learning models and reduce model over-fitting when predicting semantic classes. In this work, we propose an encoder-decoder based Bayesian SegNet architecture for seismic facies classification and introduce the concept of predictive entropy to obtain uncertainty maps. By applying the method to real seismic data with salt and sediment structures, we observe high prediction uncertainty at facies boundaries, for data samples which are affected by processing and imaging artifacts, and in the zones where the sediments are trapped within the salt bodies. Comparing Monte Carlo dropout model prediction with the state of the art SegNet architecture without dropout, we demonstrate the usability of the proposed Bayesian SegNet for seismic facies classification and uncertainty estimation. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 17, 2019 Session Start Time: 9:20 AM Presentation Time: 11:25 AM Location: Poster Station 2 Presentation Type: Poster
Epigenetic activation of phenylalanine hydroxylase in mouse erythroleukemia cells by the cytoplast of rat hepatoma cells. (1979)

Friend mouse erythroleukemia cells do not synthesize detectable levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase [phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase; L-phenylalanine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.1] and hence are unable to grow in medium totally lacking tyrosine. These cells were fused with the cytoplasts of rat hepatoma cells that synthesize phenylalanine hydroxylase constitutively. Cytoplasmic hybrids [cybrids, Bunn, C. L., Douglas, C. W. & Eisenstadt, J. M. (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 1681--1685] were selecte in medium without tyrosine. Cybrid clones expressed phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme, which was of mouse type as determined by immunotitration and isoelectric focusing. This phenotype has been mainta ined even in the absence of any selective pressure. In contrast, in whole cell hybrids derived between the same parents, the expression of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene was totally extinguished. One interpretation of these results is that the cytoplasm of rat hepatoma cells contain a positively acting factor(s) for the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene that brings about the activation of this gene in erythroleukemia cells.
Factors Influence on Body Mass Index (BMI) among Overweight and Obese School Children (2018)

In 2015, prevalence of obesity shown drastically increase from 15.1% in 2011 to 17.7% with the population of Malaysian is 3.1 million. There were many factors can lead to overweight and obesity among school children. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influence on body mass index such as parental feeding attitude, style and environment among overweight and obese school children. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. The result proved most of the school children with overweight and obese because of the negative attitude and poor practice by parents and poor environment surrounding them.
Review of Literature on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Compact Heat Exchangers (1996)

For the purpose of this symposium, the term "keratitis" implies suppurative nonviral and viral keratitis. Corneal ulcers have been described in ancient literature. But even today, despite the availability of a wide range of newer antimicrobials and new diagnostic techniques, infective keratitis continues to pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This article focuses on the key diagnostic clinical features of the most common organisms causing infective keratitis - bacteria, fungi, viruses, nocardia and acanthamoeba - in India. While the clinical features in some cases are fairly straightforward, most cases challenge the clinician. We describe the salient clinical features which can help arrive at a diagnosis to begin appropriate treatment immediately, prior to the laboratory report.
Chemsensing: A Colorimetric Array Detector (2003)

The development of an expanded colorimetric sensor array for the detection of volatile organic compounds is reported. Extremely high sensitivity (ppb) is demonstrated for the detection of biologically important analytes, including amines, carboxylic acids, thiols. This level of sensitivity is often better than human olfactory thresholds. In addition, highly selective discrimination of pure analytes and of mixtures has been demonstrated, even without the use of detailed chemometric analysis. Differentiation is shown for very closely related and even isomeric amines.
Exhaled breath analysis: physical methods, instruments, and medical diagnostics (2014)

This paper reviews the analysis of exhaled breath, a rapidly growing field in noninvasive medical diagnostics that lies at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and medicine. Current data are presented on gas markers in human breath and their relation to human diseases. Various physical methods for breath analysis are described. It is shown how measurement precision and data volume requirements have stimulated technological developments and identified the problems that have to be solved to put this method into clinical practice.
EFFECT OF ACCLIMATION TO HIGH NITRATE INTAKES ON SOME RUMEN FERMENTATION PARAMETERS IN SHEEP (1985)

Four sheep, fed a basal diet which included 44% cereal grain and 50% hay and which was supplemented with KNO 3 , were progressively acclimated to a KNO 3 intake of 2.5 g∙kg body wt −1 ∙day −1 . Nitrate and nitrite reducing activity in strained rumen fluid (SRF) collected 2 h after feeding showed maximum values of 45.3 μg N∙mL −1 ∙h −1 and 39.4 μg N∙mL −1 ∙h −1 , respectively, at an intake of 1.5 g∙kg body wt −1 ∙day −1 . The rate of nitrate reduction was threefold higher (P < 0.01), and that of nitrite reduction fivefold higher (P < 0.01), than in SRF from sheep not receiving KNO 3 . When the KNO 3 supplement was withdrawn the reducing activities fell to their initial levels within 3 wk. In a second experiment, nitrate, nitrite and volatile fatty acids in SRF, and methemoglobin in peripheral blood, were estimated at 30-min intervals after feeding in four sheep, two of which received 1.5 g KNO 3 ∙kg body wt −1 ∙day −1 . In the animals fed KNO 3 the peak concentration of nitrate in SRF (13.30 μg NO 3 − –N∙mL −1 ) was reached 30 min after feeding, and that of nitrite (2.90 μg NO 2 − –N∙mL −1 ) 60 min after feeding; the presence of nitrate in SRF was associated with an increase in the molar proportion of acetate (P < 0.01) and a decrease in the proportion of n-butyrate (P < 0.01). The blood methemoglobin concentration did not exceed 2% (wt/wt) of total hemoglobin at any sampling time. In these animals 30–35 g KNO 3 cleared the rumen within 3 h after feeding with no symptoms of nitrate toxicity. Enumeration of rumen bacteria by a direct isolation procedure indicated that the proportion of nitrate reducers in SRF was threefold higher (P < 0.01) in acclimated animals than in control animals. It was concluded that safe acclimation of sheep to high levels of dietary nitrate involved an increase in the rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction in the rumen, a narrowing of the ratio of these activities, and an increase in the proportion of nitrate reducing rumen bacteria. The residual effect of nitrate on the fermentation following clearance from the rumen was short-lived. Key words: Rumen fermentation, sheep, nitrate toxicity, nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, rumen bacteria
Identification of Minimal Predictors of Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Virulence for Use as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool (2008)

To identify traits that predict avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) virulence, 124 avian E. coli isolates of known pathogenicity and serogroup were subjected to virulence genotyping and phylogenetic typing. The results were analyzed by multiple-correspondence analysis. From this analysis, five genes carried by plasmids were identified as being the most significantly associated with highly pathogenic APEC strains: iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN, and ompT. A multiplex PCR panel targeting these five genes was used to screen a collection of 994 avian E. coli isolates. APEC isolates were clearly distinguished from the avian fecal E. coli isolates by their possession of these genes, suggesting that this pentaplex panel has diagnostic applications and underscoring the close association between avian E. coli virulence and the possession of ColV plasmids. Also, the sharp demarcation between APEC isolates and avian fecal E. coli isolates in their plasmid-associated virulence gene content suggests that APEC isolates are well equipped for a pathogenic lifestyle, which is contrary to the widely held belief that most APEC isolates are opportunistic pathogens. Regardless, APEC isolates remain an important problem for poultry producers and a potential concern for public health professionals, as growing evidence suggests a possible role for APEC in human disease. Thus, the pentaplex panel described here may be useful in detecting APEC-like strains occurring in poultry production, along the food chain, and in human disease. This panel may be helpful toward clarifying potential roles of APEC in human disease, ascertaining the source of APEC in animal outbreaks, and identifying effective targets of avian colibacillosis control.
Ploidy manipulation of the gametophyte, endosperm and sporophyte in nature and for crop improvement: a tribute to Professor Stanley J. Peloquin (1921–2008) (2009)

Based upon a foundation of genetics, cytogenetics and plant reproductive biology, Dr Peloquin and co-workers developed methods to use 2n gametes and haploids for breeding, and used them to move genes for important horticultural traits from wild tuber-bearing Solanum species to cultivated potato for the betterment of agriculture. The resulting potato germplasm included combinations of yield, adaptation, quality and disease resistance traits that were previously unavailable. This elite plant germplasm was utilized and distributed to 85 countries by the CIP, because it not only increased potato yields and quality, it also broadened the adaptation of potato to lowland tropical regions, where humanity has benefited from this addition to their food supply.
SURVIVAL IN A RAT MODEL OF LETHAL HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IS PROLONGED FOLLOWING RESUSCITATION WITH A SMALL VOLUME OF A SOLUTION CONTAINING A DRAG-REDUCING POLYMER DERIVED FROM ALOE VERA (2004)

Drag-reducing polymers (DRP) increase tissue perfusion at constant driving pressure. We sought to evaluate the effects of small-volume resuscitation with a solution containing a DRP in a rat model of hemorrhage. Anesthetized rats were hemorrhaged at a constant rate over 25 min. In protocol A, total blood loss was 2.45 mL/100 g, whereas in protocol B, total blood loss was 3.15 mL/100 g. Five minutes after hemorrhage, the animals were resuscitated with 7 mL/kg of either normal saline (NS) or NS containing 50 microg/mL of an aloe vera-derived DRP. In protocol B, a third group (CON) was not resuscitated. Whole-body O2 consumption (Vo2) and CO2 production (Vco2) were measured using indirect calorimetry. In protocol A, 5/10 rats in the NS group and 8/10 rats in the DRP group survived for 4 h (P = 0.14). Mean arterial pressure was higher in the DRP-treated group than in the NS-treated group 45 min after resuscitation (89 +/- 8 vs. 68 +/- 5 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05). In protocol B, survival rates over 2 h in the DRP, NS, and CON groups were 5/15, 1/14, and 0/7, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with NS-treated rats, those resuscitated with DRP achieved a higher peak Vo2 (9.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 6,3+/- 1.0 mL/kg/min) and Vco2 (9.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.0 +/- 1.0 mL/kg/min) after resuscitation. We conclude that resuscitation with a small volume of DRP prolongs survival in rats with lethal hemorrhagic shock.
Drug discovery from Chinese medicine against neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia (2011)

Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are two major diseases associated with dementia, which is common among the elderly. While the etiology of dementia is multi-factorial and complex, neurodegeneration may be the major cause of these two diseases. Effective drugs for treating dementia are still to be discovered. Current western pharmacological approaches against neurodegeneration in dementia develop symptom-relieving and disease-modifying drugs. Current integrative and holistic approaches of Chinese medicine to discovering drugs for neurodegeneration in dementia include (1) single molecules from the herbs, (2) standardized extracts from a single herb, and (3) herbal formula with definite composition. This article not only reviews the concept of dementia in western medicine and Chinese medicine but also evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.