gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cisgenics - Facilitating the second green revolution in India by improved traditional plant breeding (2008)

mining have opened up new avenues in plant breeding using cloned indigenous genes. Natural indigenous genes, isolated from the crop plant itself or from crossable species, are now called cisgenes in order to distinguish them from transgenes 4–7 . The traits of these cisgenes represent the existing genetic variation applied in classical plant breeding. The use of genetic variation coming from the crop plant itself or from crossable species has a long history of safe use in many crops. They can be used directly in traditional breeding programmes as a source of genetic variation. If the genes are from wild species, introgression breeding and induced translocation breeding 4 combined with induced mutation breeding have been developed for transferring the desired traits into crops. The transfer of desired traits in traditional breeding is a relatively slow process and frequently connected with the problem of linkage drag (many neighbouring donor genes, of which one or a few could have negative impact). These linkage drag problems can only be solved by making more backcrosses and simultaneously looking for a recombination which is uncoupling the desired trait from the trait with negative impact in the offspring 3 . The use of isolated cisgenes coding for desired traits, could solve these problems drastically. In addition, the possibility of markerfree plant transformation, without bacterial antibiotic resistance or herbicide tolerance genes as selection marker, enables the creation of clean cisgenic plants without transgenes 8 .
Identification of Hydrocarbon Sources in the Benthic Sediments of Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska Following the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill (1995)

Advanced hydrocarbon fingerprinting methods and improved analytical methods make possible the quantitative discrimination of the multiple sources of hydrocarbons in the benthic sediments of Prince William Sound (PWS) and the Gulf of Alaska. These methods measure an extensive range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at detection levels that are as much as two orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by standard Environmental Protection Agency methods. Nineteen hundred thirty six (1 936) subtidal sediment samples collected in the sound and the eastern Gulf of Alaska in 1989, 1990, and 1991 were analyzed. Fingerprint analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data reveal a natural background of petrogenic and biogenic PAH. The petrogenic background is derived largely from oil seeps in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Age-dated (210pb) sediment cores indicate that significant input of seep hydrocarbons into Prince William Sound has been going on for at least 160 years and probably for thousands of years. Superimposed on this natural background are locally elevated concentrations of anthropogenic hydrocarbons from sources such as diesel fuel and pyrogenic PAH that are found primarily adjacent to active or historical sites of human use. Exxon Valdez crude, its weathering products, and diesel fuel refined from Alaska North Slope crude are readily distinguished from the natural seep petroleum background and from each other because of theirdistinctive PAH distributions. Mixing models were developed to calculate the PAH contributions from each source to each sediment sample. These calculations show that most of the seafloor in PWS contains no detectable hydrocarbons from the Exxon Valdez spill, although elevated concentrations of PAH from seep sources are widespread. In those areas where they were detected, spill hydrocarbons were generally a small increment to the natural petroleum hydrocarbon background. Low levels of Exxon Valdez crude residue were present in 1989 and again in 1990 in nearshore subtidal sediments off some shorelines that had been heavily oiled. By 1991 these crude residues were heavily degraded and even more sporadically distributed.
Flammability properties of intumescent PLA including starch and lignin (2008)

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of different intumescent formulations to flame retard polylactic acid (PLA). First, the ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) system is chosen because it previously demonstrated a good behavior for polyethylenic matrices. The PER is then substituted by bioresources such as lignin and starch. The flame retardant properties of the various formulations are evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, and cone calorimetry. Compared to the PLA/APP/PER composite, the materials containing lignin and starch show lower LOI values but still commercially acceptable (superior to 32%). In contrast, the UL ratings obtained for these formulations are superior to that containing PER (V0 against V2 rating). The cone calorimeter analysis confirms the formation of an intumescent structure for the “green” composites, with a final residue corresponding to 50% of the initial sample mass and also a decrease in the peak of heat release of 50%. Finally, the composition of the formulation is optimized following a mixture design methodology to maximize the quantity of bioresources. A 32% LOI value is obtained for a composite containing 60% PLA, 12% APP, and 28% starch. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deep Learning for Automatic Outlining Agricultural Parcels: Exploiting the Land Parcel Identification System (2019)

Accurate and up-to-date information on the spatial and geographical characteristics of agricultural areas is an indispensable value for the various activities related to agriculture and research. Most agricultural studies and policies are carried out at the field level, for which precise boundaries are required. Today, high-resolution remote sensing images provide useful spatial information for plot delineation; however, manual processing is time-consuming and prone to human error. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of deep learning (DL) approach, in particular a convolutional neural network (CNN) model, for the automatic outlining of agricultural plot boundaries from orthophotos over large areas with a heterogeneous landscape. Since DL approaches require a large amount of labeled data to learn, we have exploited the open data from the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) from the Chartered Community of Navarre, Spain. The boundaries of the agricultural plots obtained from our methodology were compared with those obtained using a state-of-the-art methodology known as gPb-UCM (global probability of boundary followed by ultrametric contour map) through an error measurement called the boundary displacement error index (BDE). In BDE terms, the results obtained by our method outperform those obtained from the gPb-UCM method. In this regard, CNN models trained with LPIS data are a useful and powerful tool that would reduce intensive manual labor in outlining agricultural plots.
DNA Ligase I and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Form a Functional Complex (2001)

DNA ligase I is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. An additional proposed role for DNA ligase I is sealing nicks generated during excision repair. Previous studies have shown that there is a physical interaction between DNA ligase I and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), another important component of DNA replication and repair. The results shown here indicate that human PCNA enhances the reaction rate of human DNA ligase I up to 5-fold. The stimulation is specific to DNA ligase I because T4 DNA ligase is not affected. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that PCNA improves the binding of DNA ligase I to the ligation site. Increasing the DNA ligase I concentration leads to a reduction in PCNA stimulation, consistent with PCNA-directed improvement of DNA ligase I binding to its DNA substrate. Two experiments show that PCNA is required to encircle duplex DNA to enhance DNA ligase I activity. Biotin-streptavidin conjugations at the ends of a linear substrate inhibit PCNA stimulation. PCNA cannot enhance ligation on a circular substrate without the addition of replication factor C, which is the protein responsible for loading PCNA onto duplex DNA. These results show that PCNA is responsible for the stable association of DNA ligase I to nicked duplex DNA.
Elicitation of anthocyanin production in callus cultures of Daucus carota and involvement of calcium channel modulators (2003)

The effect of fungal elicitors and calcium-channel\nmodulators on the anthocyanin production in callus cultures of Daucus carota was studied. It was found that the addition of fungal elicitors resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation on the 3rd day of culture, but they resulted in lower levels of anthocyanin on the 21st day. Fungal elicitor treatment also affected growth of the cultures, as evident from the lower biomass accumulation under the elicitor treatments. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in the enhancement of both growth and anthocyanin production. Ionophore treatment also resulted\nin higher Ca2+ ATPase activity. Addition of the calcium-\nchannel blockers, verapamil and chlorpromazine, resulted in lowering of growth and anthocyanin production, suggesting the involvement of calcium in anthocyanin production by callus cultures of D. carota.
Femtosecond Emission Studies on Gold Nanoparticles (2002)

We report the light emission decay in bare gold nanoparticles by using the fluorescence up-conversion technique. The emission decay, of which the time constants increase consistently with excitation intensity, closely follows the electron thermalization dynamics, which has been independently observed from the bleach recovery of the surface plasmon band under the identical experimental conditions. These results indicate that a weak light emission from relatively large gold nanoparticles is attributable to the interactions between surface plasmons and incident photons, which occur simultaneously with the thermal electron relaxation.
Inhibition of glucose‐induced insulin secretion by long‐term preexposure of pancreatic islets to leptin (1997)

Here we evaluated the effect of leptin on glucose-induced insulin secretion by normal rat pancreatic islets. We show in perifusion experiments that leptin had no acute effect on the secretory activity of beta-cells. However, following preexposure to leptin a pronounced time- and dose-dependent inhibition of both first and second phases of secretion was observed. Maximum inhibition was obtained at 24 h and with 100 nM leptin. This inhibition did not involve a decrease in cellular insulin content. It was also not observed with islets from fa/fa rats. Leptin thus inhibits insulin secretion by a mechanism which requires long-term preexposure to the hormone and which may involve alteration in beta-cell gene expression.
A model-driven approach for configuring and deploying Systems of Systems (2012)

Configuration and deployment of systems for defense and air traffic control is often a complex task because a System of Systems (SoS) is always distributed on different geographic areas, composed by hundreds of components (e.g. applications, processes, services, hosts), running under multiple hardware constraints, on different resources, and subject to mission critical requirements. The configuration of such SoS or a part of it, involves the production of many configuration files describing the structure of the SoS in general, the configuration parameters of each component, and how each component has to interact with the others. Due to the considerable size and complexity of the configuration files (i.e. hundreds of lines of code), the adoption of a manual approach is clearly error prone. This work presents a model-driven approach for supporting the configuration of mission-critical SoS or part of it.
The Oxidation of 1-Deuterated Glucose by Glucose Oxidase (1967)

Abstract In order to trace the pathway of substrate-derived hydrogen in the mechanism of the glucose oxidase reaction, the kinetics of oxidation of d-glucose-1-2H was studied by conventional and stopped flow spectrophotometric methods. The results were compared with those for d-glucose-1-1H. A deuterium kinetic isotope effect was shown in the over-all reaction kinetics. The magnitude of this effect was highly dependent on the concentrations of sugar and oxygen. Stopped flow kinetic studies of the glucose half-reaction under anaerobic conditions located the kinetic isotope effect (between 10 and 15 at 3°) at the flavin reduction step. These studies also provided evidence for a complex between oxidized enzyme and d-glucose. Stopped flow measurements of the enzyme in turnover with d-glucose-1-2H showed that both the turnover rate of the enzyme at infinite oxygen concentration and the turnover rate of the oxidized fraction of the enzyme were almost identical with the independently measured rate of the d-glucose-1-2H half-reaction. These results indicated that, on the substitution of deuterium for hydrogen, no first order rate-limiting steps could be shown, under the conditions of the experiments, other than that associated with flavin reduction by d-glucose-1-2H. Our kinetic results are accomodated by the following general scheme. [see PDF for equation] where P1 and P2 are d-glucono-δ-lactone and H2O2, respectively, and G is β-d-glucose. The change in the rate constant for flavin reduction brought about by substrate deuteration requires the results to be expressed by two special cases of the general steady state rate equation. For d-glucose-1-1H, as was shown previously, [see PDF for equation] whereas for d-glucose-1-2H [see PDF for equation] These rate equations express both the substrate concentration dependence of the kinetic isotope effect on the over-all reaction kinetics and the fact that the isotope effect on the flavin reduction step is much larger than that observed in the overall reaction. All rate constants in the scheme were evaluated, although there was an uncertainty of about ±25% in the value of k2 for d-glucose-1-1H. The validity of both the scheme and the numerical values of the rate constants was checked satisfactrorily by analogue computer simulation of the results of the stopped flow experiments performed on the glucose half-reaction and the enzyme in turnover. Because of the dominance of k2 in the kinetics of oxidation of d-glucose-1-2H, it was not possible to determine whether hydrogen transfer was important in the oxygen half-reaction. There was no solvent deuterium effect on any step in the mechanism with either substrate.
A combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential for molecular dynamics simulations (1990)

Abstract A combined quantum mechanical (QM) and molecular mechanical (MM) potential has been developed for the study of reactions in condensed phases. For the quantum mechanical calculations semiempirical methods of the MNDO and AM1 type are used, while the molecular mechanics part is treated with the CHARMM force field. Specific prescriptions are given for the interactions between the QM and MM portions of the system; cases in which the QM and MM methodology is applied to parts of the same molecule or to different molecules are considered. The details of the method and a range of test calculations, including comparisons with ab initio and experimental results, are given. It is found that in many cases satisfactory results are obtained. However, there are limitations to this type of approach, some of which arise from the AM1 or MNDO methods themselves and others from the present QM/MM implementation. This suggests that it is important to test the applicability of the method to each particular case prior to its use. Possible areas of improvement in the methodology are discussed.
Cost effectiveness of an air-inflated static overlay for pressure ulcer prevention: a randomized, controlled trial. (2012)

The use of an ISO offers a cost-effective option for the prevention of pressure ulcers in a moderate to very high-risk population. ﻿﻿﻿.
Full-Page Text Recognition: Learning Where to Start and When to Stop (2017)

Text line detection and localization is a crucial step for full page document analysis, but still suffers from heterogeneity of real life documents. In this paper, we present a new approach for full page text recognition. Localization of the text lines is based on regressions with Fully Convolutional Neural Networks and Multidimensional Long Short-Term Memory as contextual layers. In order to increase the efficiency of this localization method, only the position of the left side of the text lines are predicted. The text recognizer is then in charge of predicting the end of the text to recognize. This method has shown good results for full page text recognition on the highly heterogeneous Maurdor dataset.
Precoding Design for MIMO Relay Multicasting (2013)

In this paper, we consider a two-hop multicasting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay system where one transmitter multicasts common message to multiple receivers with the aid of a relay node, and all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. Joint transmit and relay precoding design problems are investigated for multicasting multiple data streams based on two design criteria. In the first scheme, we aim at minimizing the maximal mean-squared error (MSE) of the signal waveform estimation among all receivers subjecting to power constraints at the transmitter and the relay node. This problem is highly nonconvex with matrix variables and the exactly optimal solution is very hard to obtain. We develop an iterative algorithm to jointly optimize the transmitter, relay, and receiver matrices through solving convex subproblems. By exploiting the optimal structure of the relay precoding matrix, we then propose a low complexity solution which decouples the optimization of the transmitter and relay matrices under the (moderately) high first-hop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption. In the second scheme, we propose a total transmission power minimization strategy subjecting to quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. By using the optimal structure of the relay precoding matrix and the (moderately) high first-hop SNR assumption, we show that this problem can be solved using the semidefinite programming (SDP) technique. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Interestingly, we show that for the special case of single data stream multicasting, the relay precoding matrix optimization problem can be equivalently converted to the transmit beamforming problem for single-hop multicasting systems.
Kinetics of Virus-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells and the Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2004)

Several primate models indicate that cytotoxic T lymphocyte-inducing vaccines may be unable to prevent human immunodeficiency virus infection but may have a long-term benefit in controlling viral replication and delaying disease progression. Here we show that analysis of the kinetics of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion suggests a delay in activation following infection that allows unimpeded early viral replication. Viral kinetics do not differ between controls and vaccinees during this delay phase. An increase in virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers around day 10 postinfection coincides with a slowing in viral replication in vaccinees and reduces peak viral loads by around 1 log. However, this response is too little too late to prevent establishment of persistent infection.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Peptide Ions by Microwave Excited Hydrogen and Water Plasmas (2018)

A thermal cracking cell that served as the atomic hydrogen source for hydrogen attachment/abstraction dissociation (HAD) analysis has an intrinsic problem to produce a beam of atoms reactive against heated tungsten capillary. A plasma excited by 2.45 GHz microwave discharge can deliver reactive species to a quadrupole ion trap confining analyte ions without excessive heating of the radical source components. The radical (H<sup>•</sup>) production performance of the developed source was evaluated by optical emission spectroscopy and H<sup>•</sup> attachment reaction to fullerene ions. The source exhibited the H<sup>•</sup> attachment rate as high as a thermal cracking source forming H<sup>•</sup> in the high temperature tungsten capillary to induce fragmentation processes preserving post-translational modifications. Water vapor was introduced to the source to confirm the stability to generate oxygen containing radicals, which were found present in the water vapor plasma together with atomic hydrogen. Injection of radicals from a water vapor plasma successfully dissociated peptide ions to c-/z- and a-/x-type ions as the case of HAD induced by a thermal cracking cell.
Thermal Barrier Coatings on Turbine Blades by Plasma Spraying With Improved Cooling (1992)

Turbine blades were coated with a thermal barrier coating system consisting of an MCrAlY bond coat about 100 μm thick deposited by Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (LPPS) and a 300 μm thick ZrO2-7wt.%Y2O3 top coat. The latter was manufactured by both Atmosphere and Temperature Controlled Spraying (ATCS) and Air Plasma Spraying (APS) using internal air cooling through the cooling holes of the turbine blades. Coated blades were submitted to thermal cycling tests in a burner rig with hot gas temperature of 1485°C. In the case of ATCS coated blades the number of cycles until the first spallation at the leading edge of the blade was between 350 and 2400. The number of cycles of the thermal barrier coatings sprayed with internal cooling was between 1200 and 1800. Furnace cycling tests were also carried out with ATCS coated blades at temperatures of 1100 and 1200°C. The results of thermal cycle tests and the investigations of the microstructure are discussed.
Protective action of 9-hydroxypinoresinol against oxidative damage in brain of mice challenged with kainic acid (2007)

The neuroprotective effect of 9-hydroxypinoresinol was examined in mice challenged with kainic acid (KA), a potent central nervous system excitotoxin. For this purpose, mice were administered intraperitoneally with 9-hydroxypinoresinol before KA injection. A remarkable neuroprotective effect was observed with a single dose of 9-hydroxypinoresinol (30 mg kg(-1)) 24 h before KA challenge. Furthermore, 9-hydroxypinoresinol (20 mg kg(-1)) administered for 3 days before KA challenge reduced the mortality (60%) induced by KA to zero, and alleviated behavioural signs of KA neurotoxicity. Additionally, pretreatment with 9-hydroxypinoresinol (20 mg kg(-1)) prevented the decrease in the levels of total glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.05). GSH peroxidase activity in brain tissue was restored to control levels, although GSH reductase activity and GSH S-transferase activity were not affected. Such a protective action was also observed even with a lower dose (10 mg kg(-1)) of 9-hydroxypinoresinol administered for 3 days, albeit to a lesser extent. From the results, it is proposed that 9-hydroxypinoresinol exerts a potent neuroprotective effect mainly by preventing oxidative stress in brain tissue of mice challenged with KA.