gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective small molecule inhibitor of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> fumarate hydratase reveals an allosteric regulatory site (2016)

Enzymes in essential metabolic pathways are attractive targets for the treatment of bacterial diseases, but in many cases, the presence of homologous human enzymes makes them impractical candidates for drug development. Fumarate hydratase, an essential enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has been identified as one such potential therapeutic target in tuberculosis. We report the discovery of the first small molecule inhibitor, to our knowledge, of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis fumarate hydratase. A crystal structure at 2.0-Å resolution of the compound in complex with the protein establishes the existence of a previously unidentified allosteric regulatory site. This allosteric site allows for selective inhibition with respect to the homologous human enzyme. We observe a unique binding mode in which two inhibitor molecules interact within the allosteric site, driving significant conformational changes that preclude simultaneous substrate and inhibitor binding. Our results demonstrate the selective inhibition of a highly conserved metabolic enzyme that contains identical active site residues in both the host and the pathogen.
Microgrid black-start after natural disaster with load restoration using spanning tree search (2016)

One solution towards a resilient electric distribution system during extreme weather conditions and other natural disasters is microgrid with distribution automation. This low voltage bottom-up black start capability and feeder reconfiguration capability allow true realization of the full potentialities of distributed generation. This paper exploits the black start of a low voltage network supported by automatic sectionalization of microgrids. The loads are restored based on their criticality. The islanded or unserved critical loads are then picked up by the microgrids using spanning tree search that accommodates multiple faults. Unbalanced three phase power flow is performed to ensure all operational constraints have been satisfied. The simulation result is based on a modified IEEE 37-node system with dispersed distributed generation. The study validates the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Diode-less bilayer oxide (WO<sub><i>x</i></sub>–NbO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) device for cross-point resistive memory applications (2011)

The combination of a threshold switching device and a resistive switching (RS) device was proposed to suppress the undesired sneak current for the integration of bipolar RS cells in a cross-point array type memory. A simulation for this hybrid-type device shows that the matching of key parameters between switch element and memory element is an important issue. Based on the threshold switching oxides, a conceptual structure with a simple metal-oxide 1-oxide 2-metal stack was provided to accommodate the evolution trend. We show that electroformed W-NbO(x)-Pt devices can simultaneously exhibit both threshold switching and memory switching. A qualitative model was suggested to elucidate the unique properties in a W-NbO(x)-Pt stack, where threshold switching is associated with a localized metal-insulator transition in the NbO(x) bulk, and the bipolar RS derives from a redox at the tip of the localized filament at the WO(x)-NbO(x) interface. Such a simple metal-oxide-metal structure, with functionally separated bulk and interface effects, provides a fabrication advantage for future high-density cross-point memory devices.
Recent progress in monomode fibre-optic sensors (1994)

A review of recent progress made in a range of selected fibre-optic sensors for physical measurands is presented, with particular attention paid to new developments, which have the potential to be exploited in a variety of wide applications.
Sodium phenylbutyrate antagonizes prostate cancer through the induction of apoptosis and attenuation of cell viability and migration (2016)

The above results confirmed the potential of SPB as an effective therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of PCa. This amelioration might be due to the blockade of the survivin pathway.
Nickel Germanosilicide Contacts Formed on Heavily Boron Doped&lt;tex&gt;$rm Si_1-xrm Ge_x$&lt;/tex&gt;Source/Drain Junctions for Nanoscale CMOS (2005)

Formation of source/drain junctions with a small parasitic series resistance is one of the key challenges for CMOS technology nodes beyond 100 nm. A new source/drain technology based on selective deposition of heavily in situ doped Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers was recently developed in this laboratory. This paper presents formation and structural characterization of self-aligned nickel germanosilicide contacts formed on heavily boron doped Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys. The results show that thin NiSi/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ contacts with a resistivity of /spl sim/25 /spl mu//spl Omega/-cm can be formed on Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ alloys at temperatures as low as 350/spl deg/C. However, the low resistivity and the structural integrity of the NiSi/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ films can be maintained up to a maximum temperature of 450/spl deg/C. At higher temperatures, Ge out-diffusion from NiSi/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ grains results in interface roughening and NiSi spikes. If the maximum processing temperature is kept within 400/spl deg/C, p/sup +/-n junctions with excellent leakage behavior can be formed. A minimum contact resistivity of 2/spl times/10/sup -8/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ is demonstrated for Ge concentrations above /spl sim/40%, which can be linked to the smaller semiconductor bandgap and high boron activation under the metal contact. The results suggest that NiSi/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ contacts formed on Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ junctions have the potential to satisfy the contact resistivity requirements of future CMOS technology nodes.
Modeling improvement of the continuous hidden Markov model for speech recognition (1992)

The authors improve the modeling of the conventional continuous hidden Markov model (HMM) for speech recognition in two aspects. One is to use new functions to model the phonetic duration distribution. These functions can well approximate the unsymmetrical distribution and have relatively simple forms for computation. The other aspect is to use a proportional coefficient to adjust dimensional effects of the output density functions and the phonetic duration functions in the HMM. Using these new techniques, the authors got 7.8% improvement of the recognition correct rate in the vowel recognition experiments of the continuous speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pattern of anti-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies in MRL/Mp- <i>lpr/lpr</i> mice suggests that the intact U1 snRNP particle is their autoimmunogenic target. (1994)

MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop anti-Sm Abs that bind the B and D proteins of the U1 and other U small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Humans with SLE also develop anti-Sm, but in contrast to MRL/lpr mice, anti-Sm Abs in humans are virtually always accompanied by anti-snRNP Abs that bind the A and 70 kDa proteins of the U1 snRNP. In this study, we identified anti-U1 snRNP Abs in 60% of MRL/lpr mice (40 of 66 animals), with the earliest and most frequent response directed against the A protein. This response was either accompanied or closely followed by Abs to other snRNP proteins, including the 70-kDa protein of the U1 particle and the B and D proteins that represent the anti-Sm response. Other U snRNPs were rarely bound by these sera, analogous to previous observations in human SLE. Using in vitro translated 5' and 3' deletion mutants, we found that these early Abs principally bound an epitope on the COOH-terminal of the murine A protein. As shown previously, human sera with anti-U1 snRNP reactivity bind a similar epitope. In summary, we have shown that anti-snRNP Abs in MRL/lpr mice are composed of a linked group of specificities against proteins of the U1 snRNP particle, similar to human SLE. These observations, in conjunction with our previous findings that intact snRNPs are necessary for diversification of Abs in normal mice immunized with snRNPs, strongly suggests that intact U1 particles may be targets of the immune response in this disease.
Make Up Your Mind: The Price of Online Queries in Differential Privacy (2017)

We consider the problem of answering queries about a sensitive dataset subject to differential privacy. The queries may be chosen adversarially from a larger set Q of allowable queries in one of three ways, which we list in order from easiest to hardest to answer: Offline: The queries are chosen all at once and the differentially private mechanism answers the queries in a single batch. Online: The queries are chosen all at once, but the mechanism only receives the queries in a streaming fashion and must answer each query before seeing the next query. Adaptive: The queries are chosen one at a time and the mechanism must answer each query before the next query is chosen. In particular, each query may depend on the answers given to previous queries. Many differentially private mechanisms are just as efficient in the adaptive model as they are in the offline model. Meanwhile, most lower bounds for differential privacy hold in the offline setting. This suggests that the three models may be equivalent. We prove that these models are all, in fact, distinct. Specifically, we show that there is a family of statistical queries such that exponentially more queries from this family can be answered in the offline model than in the online model. We also exhibit a family of search queries such that exponentially more queries from this family can be answered in the online model than in the adaptive model. We also investigate whether such separations might hold for simple queries like threshold queries over the real line.
Predicting sudden cardiac death in a general population using an electrocardiographic risk score (2019)

The ECG risk score successfully identified general population subjects with a high SCD risk. Combining ECG risk markers may improve the risk stratification for SCD.
Reactions of Allyl Phenyl Ether in High-Temperature Water with Conventional and Microwave Heating (1996)

In a systematic study, allyl phenyl ether (1) was heated in water for 1 h at temperatures of 180 degrees C and above. Parallel experiments were conducted with a conventionally heated autoclave and a recently developed microwave batch reactor. Relatively modest temperature differences resulted in diverse product distributions, and these were independent of the method of heating. Maximum conversion of 1 to 2-allylphenol occurred at 200 degrees C (56%) and to 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran at 250 degrees C (72%). Although 2-(2-hydroxyprop-1-yl)phenol comprised less than 1% of the product mixture at both 180 and 260 degrees C, it accounted for 37% at 230 degrees C. The reaction sequence was investigated by heating intermediates individually at selected temperatures up to 290 degrees C. Hydration of 2-allylphenol to 2-(2-hydroxyprop-1-yl)phenol was partially reversible. The work showed that high-temperature water constitutes an environmentally benign alternative to the use of acid catalysts or organic solvents and offers scope for interconversion of alcohols and alkenes.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors from the Northeastern Pacific Marine Hydroid <i>Garveia </i><i>annulata</i> (2006)

Crude extracts of the marine hydroid Garveia annulata show potent inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Fractionation of the extract led to the identification of the new polyketides annulin C (1), 2-hydroxygarveatin E (4), garveatin E (5), and garvin C (9). Annulins A (2), B (3), and C (1) were found to be submicromolar inhibitors of IDO.
Darstellung, Konvertierung und Farbreduktion von Rasterbildern auf Basis eines universellen Zwischenformates (1994)

Article Darstellung, Konvertierung und Farbreduktion von Rasterbildern auf Basis eines universellen Zwischenformates was published on March 1, 1994 in the journal it - Information Technology (volume 36, issue 3).
Review: <i>About Sex and Growing Up</i>, by Evelyn Millis Duvall (1969)

Book Review| May 01 1969 Review: About Sex and Growing Up, by Evelyn Millis Duvall About Sex and Growing UpEvelyn Millis Duvall H. G. H. G. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1969) 31 (5): 347. https://doi.org/10.2307/4442624 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. G.; Review: About Sex and Growing Up, by Evelyn Millis Duvall. The American Biology Teacher 1 May 1969; 31 (5): 347. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4442624 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1969 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ionic liquids enable electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in hexane (2006)

Addition of a lipophilic ionic liquid to non-polar, hydrocarbon solvents (such as hexane and toluene) permits electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of dissolved analytes.
Drug deposition of pressurized inhalation aerosols. (1982)

When a pressurized inhalation aerosol is used, a high loss of drug substance occurs in the upper respiratory tract. This is explained by the rather slow propellant evaporation after the initial aerosol generation, and by the high initial aerosol velocity. Indirect measurements can be performed with a view to obtaining an indication of the deposition pattern in subjects; but a radioactive technique must be used in order to obtain the complete deposition pattern in the body. The drug loss occurring when a person exhales seems to be low compared to the dose entering a subject.
A Tailored Therapy for the Metabolic Syndrome (2002)

A novel nonthiazolidinedione dual peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha/gamma agonist, LY465608, was designed to address the major metabolic disturbances of type 2 diabetes. LY465608 altered PPAR-responsive genes in liver and fat of db/db mice and dose-dependently lowered plasma glucose in hyperglycemic male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, with an ED(50) for glucose normalization of 3.8 mg small middle dot kg(-1) small middle dot day(-1). Metabolic improvements were associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity, as demonstrated in female obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats using both oral glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Further characterization of LY465608 revealed metabolic changes distinct from a selective PPAR-gamma agonist, which were presumably due to the concomitant PPAR-alpha agonism, lower respiratory quotient, and less fat accumulation, despite a similar impact on glycemia in male ZDF rats. In addition to these alterations in diabetic and insulin-resistant animals, LY465608 dose-dependently elevated HDL cholesterol and lowered plasma triglycerides in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice, demonstrating that this compound significantly improves primary cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, these studies demonstrate that LY465608 beneficially impacts multiple facets of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk, including those facets involved in the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, which are the major sources for morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Theory of Image Reconstruction in Computed Tomography (1975)

Mathematical methods are of central importance in the new technologies of radiographic and radioisotopic image reconstruction. The most important procedures are classified as Back-projection, iterative, and analytical (Two-dimensional Fourier, Filtered Back-projection). Back-projection played an important historical role but is no longer used because of sizable artifacts. Analytical methods excel in speed and accuracy when a large number of projections are available and are extensively used in x-ray imaging. Iterative reconstruction is more attractive when the number of views is limited, if noise is significant, and if additional factors, e.g., gamma-ray attenuation, are present. For these reasons, iterative methods are widely used in radioisotope imaging.
Alkali extraction of hemicellulose from depithed corn stover and effects on soda-AQ pulping (2010)

A biorefinery using the process of hemicellulose pre-extraction and subsequent pulping provides a promising way for the utilization of straw biomass and resolution of problems related to silicon. In this work, hemicellulose was extracted from depithed corn stover with sodium hydroxide solution before soda-AQ pulping. Components of the extracts were quantified by ion chromatography. The parameters (alkali concentration and temperature) affecting hemicellulose pre-extraction were optimized. The main constituent of hemicellulose in corn stover was xylan, which accounted for 18.1% of the depithed raw material. More than 90% of the xylan can be extracted under the optimal conditions: NaOH concentration of 10%, temperature of 75ºC, and time of 2h. Solid fractions after extraction were subjected to soda-AQ pulping. In comparison with control pulp obtained without extraction, it was found that alkali pre-extraction could improve the brightness and decrease kappa number of the subsequent pulp, causing a slight loss of yield, viscosity, density, and burst strength, but an obvious improvement of tear strength. Moreover, the silicon content was decreased by 79.8% when the extraction conditions were set at 75 ºC with alkali concentration of 8%, suggesting that pre-extraction of hemicellulose is a potential way to solve silicon problems associated with alkaline pulping of stover.
Incorporating Object Tracking Feedback into Background Maintenance Framework (2005)

Adaptive background modeling/subtraction techniques are popular, in particular, because they are able to cope with background variations that are due to lighting variations. Unfortunately these models also tend to adapt to foreground objects that become stationary for a period of time; as a result such objects are no longer considered for further processing. In this paper, we propose the first (to our knowledge) statistically consistent method for incorporating feedback from high-level motion model to modify adaptation behavior. Our approach is based on formulating the background maintenance problem as inference in a continuous state Hidden Markov Model, and combining it with a similarly formulated object tracker in a multichain graphical model framework. We demonstrate that the approximate filtering algorithm in such a framework outperforms the common feed-forward system while not imposing a significant extra computational burden.
Monolithic integration of InGaAs p-i-n photodetector with full ion-implanted InP JFET amplifier (1988)

A monolithically integrated p-i-n FET amplifier, fabricated using ion-planted indium-phosphide (InP) JFETs, is described. The vertically integrated structure consists of a vapor-phase epitaxy (VPE)-grown InGaAs photoabsorption layer and a metal-organic-chemical-vapor-disposition (MOCVD)-grown Fe-doped semi-insulating layer. A Zn diffusion was performed to complete the p-i-n photodiode. High-performance fully implanted InP JFETS were used to form the integrated amplifier with a symmetrical design to remove the DC offset. With a receiver sensitivity of -36.4 dBm measured at 200 Mb/s NRZ for 10/sup -9/ BER, it is thought to be the most sensitive monolithic p-i-n FET preamp yet reported in this frequency range. The p-i-n amplifier has a dynamic range of 15 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chips Go Vertical (2004)

This article describes 3D ICs. By stacking chips and directly connecting them with vertical wires, chip makers help interconnects keep up with increasing transistor speeds. A 3D IC is a stack of multiple dies with many direct connections tunneling through them, dramatically reducing global interconnect lengths and increasing the number of transistors that are within one clock cycle of each other. The key to the advantage comes from allowing wires to be routed directly between and through the chips. With this approach, the maximum global-interconnect length and the average global-interconnect length both decrease by a factor equal to the square root of the number of dies being stacked. This decreases the bottleneck effect they have on the IC's performance by about the same factor.
Effect of Fixation Type and Bone Graft on Tarsometatarsal Fusion (2018)

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The Development of a GPS Based RF Signal Strength Measurement System (2013)

Nowadays the wireless communication networks are the bigger part in the communication area. It is very important to choose the best place for the wireless nodes. To support the placement of these devices I wanted to create a signal strength measurement system that I implemented on ZigBee platform with GPS positioning.
Is resternotomy in cardiac surgery still a problem?☆ (2010)

Multiple factors contribute to the growing number of reoperations for congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases in the United States. Although the hazards are well-recognized, the health economic burden of resternotomy (RS) remains unclear and may be difficult to quantify. Contrary to published studies citing low frequencies of catastrophic hemorrhage and mortality, survey responses from practicing surgeons disclose higher rates of complications. Safety strategies in cardiac reoperation have generally involved efforts to maximize visualization during dissection, specialized surgical maneuvers and instrumentation, customized methods for establishing extracorporeal circulation, and techniques to prevent or avoid retrosternal adhesions. Yet, the relative cost-effectiveness of these strategies is largely unexplored. With the ongoing constraints in healthcare budgets, differentiating the value of existing and future approaches in terms of relative clinical benefits, costs, and impact on resource utilization will become increasingly important. We reviewed the relevant published literature in order to survey the morbidity and resource utilization associated with RS in cardiac reoperation and to identify key issues relevant for future studies.
Double-Blind Trial of the New Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drug Indoprofen in Post-Episiotomic Pain (1975)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of indoprofen, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug, was carried out in women with pain due to episiotomy. A single 100 mg dose of the drug proved to be significantly more active than placebo in decreasing pain and was devoid of any side-effects.