gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep energy levels of defects in the wurtzite semiconductors AIN, CdS, CdSe, ZnS, and ZnO (1983)

The major chemical trends in the energy levels of $s{p}^{3}$-bonded substitutional deep impurities in the wurtzite semiconductors AIN, CdS, CdSe, ZnS, and ZnO are predicted. N impurities (deposited on the anion site by ion implantation) appear to be candidates for producing shallow $p$-type dopants in these materials.
Competition of PTB with TIA proteins for binding to a U-rich <i>cis</i>-element determines tissue-specific splicing of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (2005)

A considerable amount of smooth muscle phenotypic diversity is generated by tissue-specific and developmentally regulated splicing of alternative exons. The control mechanisms are unknown. We are using a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1) alternative exon as a model to investigate this question. In the present study, we show that the RNA binding proteins TIA and PTB function as antagonistic enhancers and suppressors of splicing of the alternative exon, respectively. Each functions through a single U-rich element, containing two UCUU motifs, just downstream of the alternative exon 5' splice site. Tissue-specific down-regulation of TIA protein in the perinatal period allows PTB to bind to the U-rich element and suppress splicing of the alternative exon as the visceral smooth muscle acquires the fast-phasic smooth muscle contractile phenotype. This provides a novel role for PTB in the tissue-specific regulation of splicing of alternative exons during the generation of smooth muscle phenotypic diversity.
βVI Turns in peptides and proteins: A model peptide mimicry (1993)

To investigate the role of proline in defining beta turn conformations within cyclic hexa- and pentapeptides we synthesized and determined the conformations of a series of L- and D-proline-containing peptides by means of 2D NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics simulations. Due to cis/trans isomerism the L-proline peptides adopt at least two different conformations that are analyzed and compared to the structures of the corresponding D-proline peptides. The cis conformations of the compounds cyclo(-Pro-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-Ala), cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pro-Gly-), cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Pro-Ala-), cyclo (-Pro-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-), and cyclo(-Pro-Ala-Pro-Ala-Ala-) form uncommon beta VI turns that mimic the turn geometries found in crystallographically refined protein structures at such a detailed level that even preferred side chain orientations are reproduced. The ratios of the cis/trans isomers are analyzed in terms of the steric demand of the proline-following residue. The conformational details derived from this study illustrate the importance of the examination of small model compounds derived from protein loop regions, especially if bioactive recognition sequences, such as RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp), are incorporated.
A Note on the Occurrence of Ortho-Amphibolites on the Inner Shelf off Bhatkal, West Coast of India (1987)

Abstract The total magnetic intensity map of the area shows that the inner shelf to a depth of 50m is marked by a zone of magnetic closures. The occurrence of offshore ortho-amphibolites and the qualitative interpretation of the magnetic map indicate the extension of onshore rocks (or the amphibolites and associated rocks of Precambrian (?) and intrusions of Deccan Trap age) under a thin cover of sediments to the offshore to a depth of about 50 m.
Practical detection of concurrency issues at coding time (2018)

We have developed a practical static checker that is designed to interactively mark data races and deadlocks in program source code at development time. As this use case requires a checker to be both fast and precise, we engaged a simple technique of randomized bounded concrete concurrent interpretation that is experimentally effective for this purpose. Implemented as a tool for C# in Visual Studio, the checker covers the broad spectrum of concurrent language concepts, including task and data parallelism, asynchronous programming, UI dispatching, the various synchronization primitives, monitor, atomic and volatile accesses, and finalizers. Its application to popular open-source C# projects revealed several real issues with only a few false positives.
Univalent Gallium Salts of Weakly Coordinating Anions: Effective Initiators/Catalysts for the Synthesis of Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene (2013)

The scope of the univalent gallium salts [Ga(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− and the new completely characterized [Ga(1,3,5-Me3C6H3)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF = C(CF3)3) was investigated in terms of initiating or catalyzing the synthesis of highly reactive poly(2-methylpropylene)—highly reactive polyisobutylene (HR-PIB)—in several solvents. A series of polymerization reactions proved the high efficiency and quality of the univalent gallium salts for the polymerization of isobutylene. The best results were obtained using very low concentrations of [Ga(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− (down to 0.007 mol%) while working at reaction temperatures of up to ±0 °C and in the noncarcinogenic and non-water hazardous solvent toluene. Under these conditions, HR-PIB with an α-content of terminal olefinic double bonds up to 91 mol% and a molecular weight of 1000–2000 was obtained in good yields. Upon changing [Ga(C6H5F)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− for the electron richer [Ga(1,3,5-Me3C6H3)2]+[Al(ORF)4]−, polymerization temperatures could be increased to +10 °C. The reactivity of the gallium(I) cations therefore seems to be tunable through ligand exchange reactions. Experimental results, density functional theory calculations, and mass spectrometric investigations point toward a coordinative polymerization mechanism.
Performance comparison of TOA and TDOA based location estimation algorithms in LOS environment (2008)

In this paper, various positioning algorithms for range-based TOA and TDOA localization have been analyzed, which include the Analytical method, Least Square method, Approximate Maximum Likelihood method, Taylor Series method, Two-Stage Maximum Likelihood method and Genetic Algorithm. The assumed scenario is an overdetermined system in a 3D space under Line of Sight (LOS) situation and a number of sensor nodes placed arbitrarily across this area. The performance of the algorithms has been compared in the assumed scenario. Both the average error and the failure rate have been investigated in terms of the number of reference nodes and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the range estimation.
New Granular Model Medium To Investigate Smoldering Fronts Propagation—Experiments (2015)

Smoldering is involved in a variety of natural situations such as forest fires and also in man-controlled processes such as oil recovery and gas production from oil shale. A general feature of these situations is that a heat wave is propagating through the solid porous medium, powered by the flameless combustion of a solid. In numerous applications, this heat supply results from the partial oxidation of the carbon left after the devolatilization of the medium as the hot wave is approaching. The process of carbon oxidation in the complex geometry of a porous medium with forced air flow is not yet fully understood. In particular, the amounts of CO and CO2 produced, that strongly impact the velocity and the temperature of the front, remain unpredictable to date. In this work, a new model porous medium has been produced by adding pyrolytic carbon into inert porous particles, and it has been characterized in detail, aiming at experiments in situations as simple as possible: the oxidation of carbon deposited at the surface of an inert solid matrix. Two of the main parameters that influence the front—the carbon content and the fed air velocity—were varied over wide ranges. During experiments, carbon was always totally oxidized whereas oxygen was not totally consumed at low carbon content and high air velocities. Depending on the situations, the fraction of carbon oxidized to CO (and not to CO2) varied between 23 and 37%. It was clearly established that the combustion of a particle is limited by internal mass transfer. The thickness of the combustion front is clearly observable, and it is shown to vary drastically depending on the operating parameters. These results are intended to provide a benchmark for the validation of a numerical model in a future work.
Aberrant crypts, putative precancerous lesions, in the study of the role of diet in the aetiology of colon cancer. (1989)

Progress in the field of diet and colon cancer would be greatly enhanced by the development of a methodology which allowed for the identification and quantification of the early precursor lesions of colon cancer. Recently we described a method (Bird, 1987) consisting of staining the fixed, unsectioned colon with methylene blue for viewing the mucosal surface with the aid of a light microscope. With this methodology we observed early focal lesions in the colons of rodents which had been treated with a colon carcinogen but no lesions in the colons of control rodents. We termed these lesions aberrant crypts (AC). Based on our preliminary observations we hypothesized that AC represent precursor lesions of colon cancer. The findings from our subsequent studies (summarized in this paper) support this contention. We therefore suggest that evaluation of the characteristics of AC will further our understanding of the carcinogenic process as it occurs in the rodent colon and will provide a basis for the investigation of the role of diet in the aetiology of the disease.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Attenuates Induction of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 and Subsequent Monocytic Cell Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells Stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor–α (1995)

Incorporation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) but not eicosapentaenoic acid or n-6 arachidonic acid into human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) phospholipids dose-dependently reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In parallel, DHA inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated monocytic U937 cell adhesion to HUVECs but did not affect TNF-alpha- or interferon gamma-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 or VCAM-1 induction by interleukin-1 beta. DHA appeared to attenuate VCAM-1 transcription, as it reduced induction of VCAM-1 mRNA by TNF-alpha. VCAM-1 induction is regulated by activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, which can be mediated by a TNF-alpha-responsive phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). Gel-shift analysis showed inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappa B mobilization by DHA. While the PC-PLC inhibitor D609 dose-dependently prevented VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha, 1,2-diacyl-glycerol (DAG) stimulated VCAM-1 expression, suggesting that VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha may be mediated by activation of PC-PLC. Treatment with DHA resulted in a fourfold enrichment in PC. In addition, DHA or D609 but not eicosapentaenoic acid or arachidonic acid suppressed activation of PC-PLC by TNF-alpha, estimated as [14C]DAG synthesis in prelabeled HUVECs. Incorporation of DHA into phospholipids selectively attenuates VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha and subsequent monocytic cell adhesion by inhibition of TNF-alpha-stimulated PC-PLC activation in HUVECs.
New and emerging combination therapies for esophageal cancer (2013)

Esophageal cancer comprises two different histological forms - squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). While the incidence of AC has increased steeply in Western countries during the last few years, the incidence of SCC is fairly stable. Both forms differ in pathogenesis and response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Plenty of studies have evaluated new chemotherapy combination regimens in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative setting. In addition, new radiation and chemoradiation protocols have been investigated. Finally, molecular-targeted therapy has been included in several new randomized prospective trials. Therefore, this review presents new data on this topic and critically discusses promising approaches towards a more effective treatment in a disease with a grim prognosis.
Closed-form formulas for ergodic capacity of MIMO Rayleigh fading channels (2004)

We present a new closed-form formula for the ergodic capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channels. Assuming independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh flat-fading between antenna pairs and equal power allocation to each of the transmit antennas, the channel capacity is expressed in closed form as finite sums of the exponential integrals which are the special cases of the complementary incomplete gamma function. Using the well-known asymptotic behavior of the MIMO capacity, we also give a simple approximate expression for the channel capacity. Numerical results show that the approximation is quite accurate for the entire range of average signal-to-noise ratios.
A NEW IN VITRO APPROACH TO DETERMINE ACQUIRED TOLERANCE IN LONG-TERM KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1990)

Previous studies indicate some kidney allograft recipients treated with total lymphoid irradiation, cyclosporine, or conventional immunosuppressive therapy demonstrate specific proliferative unresponsiveness in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) to donor cells at various times posttransplant. To investigate possible donor-specific hyporeactivity, we have studied 3 patients treated with TLI whose grafts have survived longer than 10 years; 2 patients given the same immunosuppressive protocol but without TLI whose grafts have survived longer than 10 years; and 27 CsA-treated living-related donor and cadaver-allograft recipients 1 year posttransplant. We confirmed previous observations of hyporeactivity of some patients' cells to stimulation by donor cells. In addition, we identified hyporeactivity to stimulation by homozygous typing cells (HTCs) defining the HLA-Dw specificities of the donor cells for all 3 of the 3 TLI patients, 1 of the 2 non-TLI patients, and 9 of the 27 patients 1 year posttransplant. The LRD recipients with donor-specific hyporeactivity as defined by the HTC analysis demonstrated fewer rejection episodes (25% vs. 57%) and lower mean creatinine levels (1.18 vs 1.78 mg/dL) than patients without donor-specific hyporeactivity. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring the immune status of allograft recipients posttransplant by means of HTC analysis, eliminating the need for pretransplant specimens. This approach provides a possible means to assess which patients may have acquired donor-specific hyporeactivity to their kidney allograft and thus may require less immunosuppression.
Optical Sensors and Switches (2001)

A consideration of the development of photochemical systems with functions as optical sensors or switches, discussing materials and chemical systems, technology, and applications for target molecules and optical signal multiplexing. It contains novel applications in electrogenerated chemiluminescence and supramolecular photophysics for sensing chem
Computerized Approach for Matrix-Form FMEA (1978)

This paper discusses a computerized technique for preparing a matrix-form of failure modes and effects analysis which has previously been completed using manual methods. The basic input to the computer is a definition of each element of the system, applicable failure modes, and the resultant effect of each failure mode. From this input, the computer develops the matrix, locates the intersections on the matrix between elements of the system and effects, and formulates the text of the failure effects. The principal advantages in using the computer include lower cost, greater accuracy, faster preparation, overall consistency in the final effect statements, and elimination of many repetitious and tedious tasks.
GPU-Based Real-Time System for Cinematic Virtual Reality Production (2016)

Relatively inexpensive Head Mounted Display (HMD) devices made possible by advances in digital imaging technology are moving the immersive virtual and augmented reality mediums into the entertainment mainstream. This departure from the traditional art of linear story telling requires a richer production workflow and toolset capable of seamlessly integrating numerous potential narratives. An effective Virtual Reality (VR) workflow requires low-latency real-time synchronized capture of multiple live high-resolution video streams, real-time stitching and viewing of the captured assets, and real-time composition with Computer Generated (CG) elements optimally rendered for the HMD. This paper presents a real-time system for virtual reality production that encompasses optimal high-bandwidth data transfers, Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) -based video stitching, and techniques for optimally rendering to the individual display characteristics of specific VR HMDs for on-set preview.
Ein hochaktiver und luftstabiler Rutheniumkomplex für die Olefinmetathese (2002)

Ein raumerfüllender Ligand auf Binol-Basis ist das entscheidende Strukturmerkmal des sehr stabilen Rutheniumkomplexes 1 mit unerwartet hoher Metatheseaktivität. Ringschlussmetathesen mit 1 als Katalysator führten bei einer Reihe von Dienen bereits nach wenigen Minuten zu nahezu quantitativen Ausbeuten an Cycloalkenen.
Formation of Core/Rim Structures in Ti(C,N)‐WC‐Ni Cermets via a Dissolution and Precipitation Process (2000)

The core/rim structures of compounds in the Ti(C,N)‐ x WC‐20Ni system have been investigated to determine the effect of WC and nitrogen content on the microstructure of the system. In addition, the relative dissolution rate of WC to Ti(C,N) in the system was studied by analyzing the rim compositions. Variations in the WC content had a much‐lesser influence, as an additive, on the general microstructure than that of other carbides that have been used in previous studies. However, the nitrogen content in Ti(C 1− X N X ) had a significant effect on its microstructure. The composition of the rim structure was determined by the ratio of solutes that were dissolved in the liquid binder, under the given processing conditions. The dissolution rate of WC was ∼2 and 5 times faster than that of Ti(C,N) in the system at temperatures of 1300° and 1510°C, respectively. The results have been interpreted in terms of phase stability and precipitation phenomena.
Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder During Treatment With Lithium and Divalproex (2003)

Among patients treated for bipolar disorder, risk of suicide attempt and suicide death is lower during treatment with lithium than during treatment with divalproex.
Attachment of fiber array adhesive through side contact (2005)

Very slender cylindrical fibers are capable of bending over and maintaining side contact with an opposing substrate even as the fibers are pulled away, providing a mode of adhesion for fiber array adhesives. This paper analyzes side contact and its effect on normal adhesion and provides guidelines for fiber length to achieve side contact under zero load as a function of elastic modulus, area moment of inertia, initial geometry, and energy of adhesion between fiber and substrate. Numerical results for several relevant geometries are presented as well as a comparison to recently reported normal adhesion measurements of multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays.
Flexible haptic display with 768 independently controllable shape memory polymers taxels (2017)

We report the first high-resolution flexible haptic display with 768 (32x24) individually addressable taxels (tactile pixels) designed for wearables and virtual reality (VR) applications. The device integrates a thin Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) membrane with a matrix of compliant carbon-silicone composite heaters, a 4-layer flexible PCB and a flexible fluidic chamber. The actuator yield is 99 %, the taxel pitch is 4 mm and the average displacement is 275 μm with a 225 mN holding force, allowing easy discrimination using the sense of fine touch. One line can be reconfigured and latched in 2.5 s; the entire array can be refreshed in under 1 min 30 s with our current drive circuit. The bistable nature of SMPs enables selective and independent actuator motion by judiciously synchronizing their local Joule heating with a global external pressure supply.
Chiral Dodecanuclear Palladium(II) Thio Cluster: Synthesis, Structure, and Formation Mechanism Explored by ESI-MS and DFT Calculations (2016)

The chiral dodecanuclear palladium(II) thio cluster LaPd12(C3H5NO2S)3(C3H6NO2S)21 (1) was prepared by reacting l-cysteine (l-Cys) with PdCl2 and La2O3 in aqueous solution under carefully controlled conditions. Compound 1 was structurally characterized by single-crystal XRD, TGA, IR, UV-vis, (13)C NMR, and CD spectroscopy. Insight into the dimerization process of 1 was obtained by ESI-MS and DFT calculations.
Sequences and characterization of hupU and hupV genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum encoding a possible nickel-sensing complex involved in hydrogenase expression (1994)

A 2.7-kb DNA fragment of Bradyrhizobium japonicum previously shown to be involved in hydrogenase expression has been sequenced. The area is located just upstream of the hupSLCDF operon and was found to contain two open reading frames, designated hupU and hupV; these encode proteins of 35.4 and 51.8 kDa, respectively. These proteins are homologous to Rhodobacter capsulatus HupU, a possible repressor of hydrogenase expression in that organism. B. japonicum HupU is 54% identical to the N terminus of R. capsulatus HupU, and HupV is 50% identical to the C terminus of R. capsulatus HupU. HupU and HupV also show homology to the [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase small and large subunits, respectively. Notably, HupV contains the probable nickel-binding sites RxCGxC and DPCxxCxxH, which are located in the N- and C-terminal portions, respectively, of the large subunit of hydrogenases. Hydrogenase activity assays, immunological assays for hydrogenase subunits, and beta-galactosidase assays on mutant strain JHCS2 (lacking a portion of HupV) were all indicative that HupV is necessary for transcriptional activation of hydrogenase. A physiological role as a possible nickel- or other environmental (i.e., oxygen or hydrogen)-sensing complex is proposed for HupU and HupV.
A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a potential coeliac-toxic repetitive pentapeptide epitope in gliadins (2001)

R5 seems to be a good candidate for the specific detection of putative coeliac disease-active sequences in prolamins and thus represents a valuable tool for the quality control of gluten-free food.
The changing face of pathogen discovery and surveillance (2012)

The pace of pathogen discovery is rapidly accelerating. This reflects not only factors that enable the appearance and globalization of new microbial infections, but also improvements in methods for ascertaining the cause of a new disease. Innovative molecular diagnostic platforms, investments in pathogen surveillance (in wildlife, domestic animals and humans) and the advent of social media tools that mine the World Wide Web for clues indicating the occurrence of infectious-disease outbreaks are all proving to be invaluable for the early recognition of threats to public health. In addition, models of microbial pathogenesis are becoming more complex, providing insights into the mechanisms by which microorganisms can contribute to chronic illnesses like cancer, peptic ulcer disease and mental illness. Here, I review the factors that contribute to infectious-disease emergence, as well as strategies for addressing the challenges of pathogen surveillance and discovery.