gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Parental, Peer, and School Factors on Marijuana Use Among Native American Adolescents (2014)

Marijuana use among Native American (NA) adolescents continues to be an ongoing concern and is often cited as the most critical health issue facing this population. Despite this recognition, few studies have examined the roles played by parental monitoring and school relationships among NA youth. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2010 National Survey in Drug Use and Health to examine the combined influence of parental, peer, and school indicators on marijuana use among NA adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old (N = 287). The results of structural equation modeling suggest that peer factors and parental monitoring were significantly associated with marijuana use. In fact, the peer network was the most influential predictor. However, a significant relationship was not found between school relationships and marijuana use. Given the insignificance of school relationships, further research should examine the influence of peer interactions on marijuana use and the development of family-based prevention and intervention programs.
Lidar-based gait analysis in people tracking and 4D visualization (2015)

In this paper we introduce a new approach on gait analysis based on data streams of a Rotating Multi Beam (RMB) Lidar sensor. The gait descriptors for training and recognition are observed and extracted in realistic outdoor surveillance scenarios, where multiple pedestrians walk concurrently in the field of interest, while occlusions or background noise may affects the observation. The proposed algorithms are embedded into an integrated 4D vision and visualization system. Gait features are exploited in two different components of the workflow. First, in the tracking step the collected characteristic gait parameters support as biometric descriptors the re-identification of people, who temporarily leave the field of interest, and re-appear later. Second, in the visualization module, we display moving avatar models which follow in real time the trajectories of the observed pedestrians with synchronized leg movements. The proposed approach is experimentally demonstrated in eight multi-target scenes.
Rapid automated enzyme immunoassay of serum amyloid A. (1994)

Serum amyloid A (SAA), a sensitive acute-phase protein, is the precursor of AA fibrils in reactive amyloidosis. However, SAA is poorly immunogenic, and development and standardization of immunoassays of this protein have been difficult. We established an automated polyclonal/monoclonal microparticle capture enzyme immunoassay, standardized with the World Health Organization prospective reference standard for SAA. A stabilized concentrate of SAA was used for controls and calibrators. The assay range was 1-750 mg/L with CVs < 7% throughout. Plasma and serum gave identical results and no interferences were observed. Linear regression against radial immunodiffusion assay gave a slope of 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.99-1.10), intercept of -9 mg/L (95% confidence interval -14-3), and residual SD (SEE) of 20 for samples containing < or = 200 mg/L (n = 173). In 105 apparently healthy adults the mean (SD) SAA concentration was 3.7 (3.6) mg/L, the median was 3.0 mg/L, and the range, 0.7-26.4 mg/L. In clinical acute-phase sera, values up to 2200 mg/L were seen. This method will facilitate measurement and investigation of SAA in clinical practice generally and in AA amyloidosis.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Regulates Dendritic Cell Content of Atherosclerotic Lesions (2006)

Given that GM-CSF is dramatically induced by oxidized lipids in endothelial cells, our data suggest that GM-CSF serves to regulate dendritic cell formation in lesions and that this, in turn, influences inflammation, plaque growth and possibly plaque stability.
Frequency-swept ultrasound-modulated optical tomography in biological tissue by use of parallel detection (2000)

A frequency-swept ultrasonic beam was focused into a biological tissue sample to modulate the laser light passing through the ultrasonic beam inside the tissue. Parallel detection of the speckle field formed by the transmitted laser light was implemented with the source-synchronous-illumination lock-in technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The ultrasound-modulated laser light reflects the local optical and mechanical properties in the ultrasonic beam and can be used for tomographic imaging of the tissue. Sweeping the ultrasonic frequency provides spatial resolution along the ultrasonic axis, which is scalable with the frequency span of the sweep. Two-dimensional images of biological tissue with buried objects were successfully obtained experimentally.
A theoretical study of a compact and highly efficient isolator consisting of nonlinear plasma and matching metamaterials (2013)

A novel, compact and highly efficient electromagnetic wave isolator is investigated theoretically, and is acquired through a wave tunneling mechanism in epsilon-negative and matching metamaterials. Nonreciprocal transmission properties are acquired via the coupling together of evanescent and propagation waves in an asymmetric configuration, constituted of nonlinear plasma alternated with matching metamaterial. Not only is a large transmission contrast achieved, but also a high forward transmission is realized. Taking four key factors into consideration, we designed a compact asymmetric multilayer structure, consisting of only five layers, to achieve the desired unidirectional wave transmissions with only 0.839 transmission contrast, 80% total transmission and 143.18 MW cm−2 working input intensity, at an incident wave frequency of 13.8 × 109 s−1, which represents better performance than was achieved with some previous designs.
A Study of Intermetallic Compounds in Tin Bumps during Multi-Reflows (2006)

An electroplating pure tin bumping technology has been developed in house with commercial chemicals. Sputtered TiW and Cu were used as under bump metallurgy (UBM). The tin bumps were peripheral distributed on the die. The electroplated bumps had mushroom shape, and the height is about 70mum. The as-reflow bumps had sleek shape, and the diameter is about 100mum. For as-reflow bumps, scanning electron microscope was used for observing the microstructure of interface, and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used for investigating the composition of the intermetallic compounds. Multireflow tests were used as accelerating tests for tin bumps. The samples reflowed 1 times to 10 times respectively. Ball shear tests were used for evaluate the strength of different samples of multi-reflow tests. There are two layers of intermetallic compounds between copper and tin, which are Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn. For as-reflow bumps, the thickness of Cu3Sn layer is too thin to detect, and its growth need additional contact time. As the reflows time increased, Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn layers both grow, and the thickness of Cu6Sn5 is thicker than that of Cu3Sn. The total thickness of intermetallic compound has an exponential relationship with the times of reflow. The mechanism of intermetallic compounds growth is the diffusion of liquid tin to solid copper. The simplified diffusion model in the intermetallic interface is similar to one dimension nonequilibrium diffusion in the plate. The shear strength results of different samples which had multireflow tests were found to have little discrepancy with each other, that means the performance of tin bumps were stable
Brake force requirement study: driver-vehicle braking performance as a function of brake system design variables. Final report (1970)

National Highway Safety Bureau, Washington, D.C.
Semiconductor laser linewidth in optical feedback configurations (1983)

We present a theoretical analysis for semiconductor laser linewidth, employing optical feedback. This analysis is valid not only for weak feedback, but also for strong feedback including multiple reflections. The experimental result reported so far under a strong feedback condition is well explained.
Advances in positron emission tomography applications for urologic cancers (2008)

Molecular imaging, through PET/computed tomography will help individualize patient care for surgical urology. Applications will include noninvasive image-based immunotyping of human cancers and metabolic based staging, detection and treatment monitoring for urologic malignancies.
The Metabolism of 1‐Phenylethanol and Acetophenone by <i>Nocardia</i> T5 and an <i>Arthrobacter</i> Species (1978)

The Arthrobacter sp. is able to grow with (+)‐, (−)‐1‐phenylethanol or the racemic mixture as sole source of carbon. Growth is most rapid with the (−)‐isomer, doubling time 12 h. Enzymes of the already established pathway for acetophenone oxidation are also induced by growth with 1‐phenylethanol and in addition an induced 1‐phenylethanol dehydrogenase that requires NAD as electron acceptor is formed. The 1‐phenylethanol dehydrogenase is active with both 1‐phenylethanol isomers but shows a marked preference for the (−)‐isomer. Relative activity towards the two isomers is mirrored in the rates of growth with the two isomers and the oxidative capabilities of induced cells. The metabolism of the isomers of 1‐phenylethanol by the Arthrobacter sp. is integrated into the established pathway for acetophenone oxidation. The pathway of acetophenone metabolism by Nocardia T5 shows no significant differences from that already established for metabolism of the compound by the Arthrobacter sp. The same spectrum of induced enzymes is formed and the evidence suggests that catechol oxidation again proceeds by ‘ ortho ’ fission and the β‐oxoadipate pathway, the formation of even transient amounts of cis, cis ‐hydroxy muconic semialdehyde has never been observed. In contrast the metabolism of the isomers of 1‐phenylethanol by Nocardia T5 is achieved by a quite different pathway. The side chain is retained without modification during hydroxylation to yield 3‐(1′‐hydroxyethyl)catechol. Ring cleavage, by ‘ meta fission’ yields 2,7‐dihydroxy‐6‐oxoocta‐2,4‐dienoate the further fragmentation of which yields lactate and equimolar amounts of pyruvate and acetaldehyde. Growth rates are identical, irrespective of which isomer of 1‐phenylethanol is used as carbon source and the enzymes that convert 1‐phenylethanol to vinyl pyruvate and lactate appear to display no specificity for that chiral centre.
Electron-Beam-Driven Collective-Mode Metamaterial Light Source (2012)

We demonstrate experimentally that the energy from a highly localized free-electron-beam excitation can be converted via a planar plasmonic metamaterial to a low-divergence free-space light beam. This emission, which emanates from a collectively oscillating coupled metamolecule nanoantenna ensemble much larger in size than the initial excitation, is distinctly different from cathodoluminescence and bears some similarity with laser light. It offers a novel, flexible paradigm for the development of scalable, threshold-free light sources.
Interferometric measurement of the nonlinear index of refraction, <i>n</i>2, of CdS<i>x</i>Se1−<i>x</i>-doped glasses (1986)

A novel technique, which employs a modified Twyman–Green interferometer, is used to measure the nonlinear index of a CdS0.9Se0.1-doped glass at different wavelengths in the vicinity of the band gap at room temperature. The measured n2 values for the doped glass are compared with calculated values obtained by Kramers–Kronig transformation of the measured Δα(λ)=α(I1,λ)−α(I2,λ). A good agreement is achieved between the measured nonlinear dispersion and that obtained through the Kramers–Kronig relations.
Characterization of apoA-IV-containing lipoprotein particles isolated from human plasma and interstitial fluid. (1993)

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV has been proposed to play a role in reverse cholesterol transport. ApoA-IV-containing lipoprotein particles (A-IVLp) were isolated from human plasma and interstitial fluid and characterized by immunoaffinity chromatography. Two major A-IVLp subpopulations, lipoprotein particles containing apoA-IV with apoA-I (LpA-I:A-IV) and lipoprotein particles containing apoA-IV without apoA-I (LpA-IV), were identified. The larger subpopulation of A-IVLp is the LpA-IV that represents 70% (protein mass) of the initial particles. Only 5.8% of apoA-IV was recovered in the retained fraction after affinity chromatography with an anti-apoA-I immunosorbent. ApoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoB, apoC-III, apoD, apoE, apoH, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) protein, proline-rich protein, and a protein of Mr 59,000 were detected in the A-IVLp. These particles contain more than 20% triglycerides (lipid mass). ApoA-IV-containing particles that were isolated from plasma are heterogeneous in size, consisting of two major populations with Stokes' diameters of 10.3 nm and 9.3 nm. Both subpopulations of A-IVLp contain LCAT and CET activities and promote cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-preloaded adipose cells. These data support the hypothesis that A-IVLp particles may be involved in reverse cholesterol transport.
The Internal Organization of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Genome (1982)

DNA was extracted from varicella-zoster (VZ) virions prepared in sucrose gradients. Thirty-eight molecules examined by electron microscopy were found to have a mean length of 46.7 micrometers. Examination of self-annealed VZV DNA molecules revealed that the virus genome was composed of a unique linear large sequence with a mol. wt. of 74.4 X 10(6) to 78.4 X 10(6), and a unique short sequence of mol. wt. approx. 9.8 X 10(6) flanked by inverted repeat sequences of 4.7 X 10(6) mol. wt.
Advanced materials and processes for polymer solar cell devices (2009)

The rapidly expanding field of polymer and organic solar cells is reviewed in the context of materials, processes and devices that significantly deviate from the standard approach which involves rigid glass substrates, indium-tin-oxide electrodes, spincoated layers of conjugated polymer/fullerene mixtures and evaporated metal electrodes in a flat multilayer geometry. It is likely that significant advances can be found by pursuing many of these novel ideas further and the purpose of this review is to highlight these reports and hopefully spark new interest in materials and methods that may be performing less than the current state-of-the-art in their present form but that may have the potential to outperform these pending a larger investment in effort.
Epigenetic Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate Decision via Histone Methyltransferase Ash1l (2018)

Previous research indicates that knocking out absent, small, or homeotic-like (Ash1l) in mice, a histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethyltransferase, can result in arthritis with more severe cartilage and bone destruction. Research has documented the essential role of Ash1l in stem cell fate decision such as hematopoietic stem cells and the progenitors of keratinocytes. Following up on those insights, our research seeks to document the function of Ash1l in skeletal formation, specifically whether it controls the fate decision of mesenchymal progenitor cells. Our findings indicate that in osteoporotic bones, Ash1l was significantly decreased, indicating a positive correlation between bone mass and the expression of Ash1l. Silencing of Ash1l that had been markedly upregulated in differentiated C3H10T1/2 (C3) cells hampered osteogenesis and chondrogenesis but promoted adipogenesis. Consistently, overexpression of an Ash1l SET domain-containing fragment 3 rather than Ash1lΔN promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of C3 cells and simultaneously inhibited adipogenic differentiation. This indicates that the role of Ash1l in regulating the differentiation of C3 cells is linked to its histone methyltransferase activity. Subcutaneous ex vivo transplantation experiments confirmed the role of Ash1l in the promotion of osteogenesis. Further experiments proved that Ash1l can epigenetically affect the expression of essential osteogenic and chondrogenic transcription factors. It exerts this impact via modifications in the enrichment of H3K4me3 on their promoter regions. Considering the promotional action of Ash1l on bone, it could potentially prompt new therapeutic strategy to promote osteogenesis. Stem Cells 2019;37:115-127.
Experimental Demonstration of PDM-32QAM Single-Carrier 400G over 1200-km Transmission Enabled by Training-assisted Pre-equalization and Look-up Table (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate a single-carrier 400G solution based on 51.25-GBaud PDM-32QAM signal at 6.15-b/s/Hz SE over 1200-km transmission distance. Training assisted pre-compensations and both transmitter and receiver based look-up table are employed to mitigate channel bandwidth constraint and component nonlinearity impairment.
Pseudo‐QT Prolongation, Artifactual Electrocardiographic Patterns Produced by Transduction of Cardiovascular Motion (1983)

Four cases are presented in which focal electrocardiographic artifacts mimicked QT segment prolongation with giant T and U waves. Displacement of the recording electrode by a subjacent cardiovascular impulse was the cause of this distortion. The artifacts could be reproduced at the bedside by intentional changes in patient posture and electrode stability. Phasic variation in electrode contact with the electrolyte gel and skin, or intermittent contact between the heart and chest wall, causes shifts in the electrical properties of the recording system which may distort the recorded waveforms during the repolarization phase of the electrocardiogram.
Intracranial Aneurysms: Clinical Value of 3D Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Therapeutic Decision and Endovascular Treatment (2001)

Three-dimensional DSA is valuable for evaluating the potential for EVT, finding a working view, and performing accurate measurements.
Sinonasal Distribution of Topically Applied Particles: Computerized Tomographic Detection and the Effects of Topical Decongestion (2005)

Detection of radio-enhanced sprayed particles within the sinonasal cavity using CT imaging can be a reliable method to study the principles of intranasal particle distribution. Our study failed to show particle distribution into OMC, or any positive effects of nasal decongestion on particle distribution.
Characterization of the Cell–Nanopillar Interface by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2012)

Vertically aligned nanopillars can serve as excellent electrical, optical and mechanical platforms for biological studies. However, revealing the nature of the interface between the cell and the nanopillar is very challenging. In particular, a matter of debate is whether the cell membrane remains intact around the nanopillar. Here we present a detailed characterization of the cell-nanopillar interface by transmission electron microscopy. We examined cortical neurons growing on nanopillars with diameter 50-500 nm and heights 0.5-2 μm. We found that on nanopillars less than 300 nm in diameter, the cell membrane wraps around the entirety of the nanopillar without the nanopillar penetrating into the interior of the cell. On the other hand, the cell sits on top of arrays of larger, closely spaced nanopillars. We also observed that the membrane-surface gap of both cell bodies and neurites is smaller for nanopillars than for a flat substrate. These results support a tight interaction between the cell membrane and the nanopillars and previous findings of excellent sealing in electrophysiology recordings using nanopillar electrodes.
DS-1 extended superframe format and related performance issues (1989)

The impact of the North American DS-1 extended superframe format (ESF) on both service and application performance monitoring is discussed. The difference between D4 framing and the ESF format is explained, and a description is given of how customers use ESF statistics. Results of ESF monitoring by the authors are presented, and ESF facility measurements are correlated with data application performance. Network sectionalization is explained, and performance issues raised by ESF are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Withanolides and related ergostane-type steroids (1991)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Motor Cortex Excitability After Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Major Depression (2007)

Recent data suggest that inhibitory pathways may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the mode of action of some antidepressant interventions. The aim of the present study was to test whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can affect motor cortex excitability. Measures of motor cortical excitability were probed by using single-pulse and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation at baseline, after 10 weeks of left VNS, and additionally, in an on-off paradigm in 10 patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression. Ten weeks of VNS was associated with a selective and pronounced increase in intracortical inhibition, whereas no changes occurred in the on-off paradigm. These results suggest that VNS is capable of changing motor cortical excitability in patients with depression.
Software components and frameworks for medical robot control (2006)

Robots are increasingly being used in computer integrated surgery (CIS) systems, yet to our knowledge, there is no open source software that is specifically targeted at this application domain. In this paper, we derive unique requirements for medical robot controllers that are based on our experiences in the field. We present an overview of the second-generation open source software package (the cisst package), currently under development, that would include a family of application frameworks with dynamically loaded software components. We then focus on some key design details, which include extensive application of the command pattern as well as a dynamic interface query mechanism, and present a simple example to illustrate the concepts
Transient behaviors of TCP-friendly congestion control protocols (2002)

We investigate the fairness, smoothness, responsiveness, and aggressiveness of TCP and three representative TCP-friendly congestion control protocols: GAIMD, TFRC, and TEAR. The properties are evaluated both analytically and via simulation by studying protocol responses to three network environment changes. The first environment change is the inherent fluctuations in a stationary network environment. Under this scenario, we consider three types of sending rate variations: smoothness, short-term fairness, and long-term fairness. For a stationary environment, we observe that smoothness and fairness are positively correlated. We derive an analytical expression for the sending rate coefficient of variation for each of the four protocols. These analytical results match well with experimental results. The other two environment changes we study are a step increase of network congestion and a step increase of available bandwidth. Protocol responses to these changes reflect their responsiveness and aggressiveness, respectively.
A transcription map of the 6p22.3 reading disability locus identifying candidate genes (2003)

In total, five possible candidate genes for RD and other diseases mapping to this region were identified.