gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing activities of ellagic acid. (2006)

Ellagic acid exhibited both antioxidant activity in V79-4 cells and apoptosis-inducing activity in HOS cells through the up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-3.
The gigavision camera (2009)

We propose a new image device called gigavision camera. The main differences between a conventional and a gigavision camera are that the pixels of the gigavision camera are binary and orders of magnitude smaller. A gigavision camera can be built using standard memory chip technology, where each memory bit is designed to be light sensitive. A conventional gray level image can be obtained from the binary gigavision image by low-pass filtering and sampling. The main advantage of the gigavision camera is that its response is non-linear and similar to a logarithmic function, which makes it suitable for acquiring high dynamic range scenes. The larger the number of binary pixels considered, the higher the dynamic range of the gigavision camera will be. In addition, the binary sensor of the gigavision camera can be combined with a lens array in order to realize an extremely thin camera. Due to the small size of the pixels, this design does not require deconvolution techniques typical of similar systems based on conventional sensors.
Proteomic Analysis of Left Ventricular Remodeling in an Experimental Model of Heart Failure (2008)

The development of chronic heart failure (CHF) following myocardial infarction is characterized by progressive alterations of left ventricle (LV) structure and function called left ventricular remodeling (LVR), but the mechanism of LVR remains still unclear. Moreover, information concerning the global alteration protein pattern during the LVR will be helpful for a better understanding of the process. We performed differential proteomic analysis of whole LV proteins using an experimental model of CHF in which myocardial infarction was induced in adult male rats by left coronary ligation. Among 1000 protein spots detected in 2D-gels, 49 were differentially expressed in LV of 2-month-old CHF-rats, corresponding to 27 different identified proteins (8 spots remained unidentified), classified in different functional groups as being heat shock proteins, reticulum endoplasmic stress proteins, oxidative stress proteins, glycolytic enzymes, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins and respiratory chain proteins. We validated modulation of selected proteins using Western blot analysis. Our data showed that proteins involved in cardiac metabolism and oxidative stress are modulated during LVR. Interestingly, proteins of stress response showed different adaptation pathways in the early and late phase of LVR. Expression of four proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alphaB-crystallin, peroxiredoxin 2, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, was linked to echographic parameters according to heart failure severity.
Quality-based jitter buffer algorithm using adaptive variable-size window (2012)

Jitter is one of the premier impairments which inflict a heavy damage on the quality of service in wireless VoIP. To solve this issue, this paper proposes a new quality-based jitter buffer algorithm. An adaptive windowing algorithm is introduced to dynamically adjust the window size which indicates the numbers of packets used to estimate the future network delay and loss rete. When receiving a voice packet, the receiver firstly uses the variable-size window algorithm to update the window size. Then, the histogram of delay is established according to the remaining packets in window. Finally, E-Model is applied to evaluate the speech quality based on delay histogram. By searching for the maximum speech quality, the optimal buffer delay is obtained. Owe to the variable-size statistical window, both the accuracy of network delay prediction and the ability to deal with spikes have further improved. The experiment results show that the whole VoIP communication under our proposed algorithm not only suffers the smallest average delay and lowest packet loss, but also achieves the highest speech quality.
Communication Over an Acoustic Channel Using Data Hiding Techniques (2006)

This work proposes an audio data hiding system that hides information into signals not known beforehand. The system can hide data into live music, or ambient sounds in general, and can be used to communicate information acoustically from one device to another. An important benefit of such a system is backward-compatibility, as the transmitter is a speaker, and the receiver is a microphone, both of which are already present in numerous devices and environments. The highest data rate achieved was 213 bits/s, while keeping the error rate under 10%. The developed technique was applied in a simple navigation system, where acoustic data embedded into background music indicates the location of the receiver
Characterization of three .BETA.-mannanases of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (1988)

Three extracellular β-mannanases (M-I, M-II, and M-III) of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (AM001) were purified to an electrophoretically homogenous state. Molecular weights and pi values of the purified enzymes (M-I, M-II, and M-III) were 58, 000, 59, 000, and 42, 000 by SDS-PAGE and 5.9, 5.7, and 5.1 by isoelectric focusing, respectively. These enzymes were most active at pH 9.0 and 60°C (M-I and M-II) and pH 8.5 and 65°C (M-III). The enzymes were activated slightly by cysteine, and-inhibited strongly by Ag+ and N-bromosuccinimide. Michaelis constants (Km) of the M-I enzyme for β-mannans from copra, locust bean, and konjak were 2.0, 3.8, and 7.7mg/ml, and maximum velocities (Vmax) for these saccharides were 730, 1470, and 1880U/mg-protein, respectively. The kinetic properties of M-II and M-III enzymes were almost the same as those of M-I. About 22, 16, 15, and 2:5% of the β-1, 4-mannosidic linkages in β-mannans from copra, konjak, locust bean, and guar bean were hydrolyzed by the M-I enzyme, and the major components in the digests were di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides. These enzymes hydrolyzed β-1, 4-mannooligosaccharides larger than mannotriose.
Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of N-carboethoxy-4-spiro-1,4-dihydropyridines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of N-carboethoxy-4-spiro-1,4-dihydropyridinesJoseph Foos, Frank Steel, S. Q. A. Rizvi, and Gideon FraenkelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 14, 2522–2529Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01328a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01328a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1233Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly integrated synthesis of heterogeneous nanostructures on nanowire heater array (2014)

We have proposed a new method for the multiplexed synthesis of heterogeneous nanostructures using a top-down fabricated nanowire heater array. Hydrothermally synthesized nanostructures can be grown only on the heated nanowire through nanoscale temperature control using a Joule heated nanowire. We have demonstrated the selective synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures, as well as their surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles, using a nanowire heater array. Furthermore, we could fabricate an array of heterogeneous nanostructures via Joule heating of individual nanowire heaters and changing of the precursor solutions in a sequential manner. We have formed a parallel array of palladium (Pd) coated ZnO nanowires and gold (Au) coated ZnO nanowires, as well as a parallel array of ZnO nanowires and CuO nanospikes, in the microscale region by using the developed method.
Transformational placement and synthesis (2002)

Novel methodology and algorithms to seamlessly integrate logic synthesis and physical placement through a transformational approach are presented. Contrary to most placement algorithms that minimize a global cost function based on an abstract representation of the design, we decomposed the placement function into a set of transforms and coupled them directly with incremental timing, noise, and/or power analyzers. This coupling results in a direct and more accurate feedback on optimizations for placement actions. These placement transforms are then integrated with traditional logic synthesis transforms leading to a converging set of optimizations based on the concurrent manipulation of boolean, electrical, as well as physical data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach creates an efficient converging design flow that eliminates placement and synthesis iteration. It results in timing improvements, and maintains other global placement measures such as wire congestion and wire length. The flexibility of the transformational approach allows us to easily add, extend and support more sophisticated algorithms that involve critical as well as non-critical regions and target a variety of metrics including noise, yield and manufacturability:.
Recent developments in<scp>d</scp>-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-succinate-based nanomedicine for cancer therapy (2017)

Cancer remains an obstacle to be surmounted by humans. As an FDA-approved biocompatible drug excipient, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) has been widely applied in drug delivery system (DDS). Along with in-depth analyses of TPGS-based DDS, increasingly attractive results have revealed that TPGS is able to act not only as a simple drug carrier but also as an assistant molecule with various bio-functions to improve anticancer efficacy. In this review, recent advances in TPGS-based DDS are summarized. TPGS can inhibit P-glycoprotein, enhance drug absorption, induce mitochondrial-associated apoptosis or other apoptotic pathways, promote drug penetration and tumor accumulation, and even inhibit tumor metastasis. As a result, many formulations, by using original TPGS, TPGS-drug conjugates or TPGS copolymers, were prepared, and as expected, an enhanced therapeutic effect was achieved in different tumor models, especially in multidrug resistant and metastatic tumors. Although the mechanisms by which TPGS participates in such functions are not yet very clear, considering its effectiveness in tumor treatment, TPGS-based DDS appears to be one of the best candidates for future clinical applications.
Putative chromosomal deletions on 9p, 9q and 22q occur preferentially in malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2000)

To characterize the type of genetic alterations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), we performed a comprehensive allelotype study of 14 GISTs (2 benign, 7 borderline and 5 malignant) by polymerase-chain-reaction and loss-of-heterozygosity (PCR-LOH) analysis using 102 microsatellite markers, and compared the results with comparative-genomic-hybridization (CGH) analysis. Among the 38 evaluated chromosomal arms, 16 (42.1%) showed LOH in at least one patient. Most frequent LOH was observed at chromosome 14p and 14q (9/14, 64%) and this was demonstrated in all types of GISTs (50% in benign, 71% in borderline and 80% in malignant). Additional chromosomal deletions were found in several chromosomal arms. Among them, deletions on chromosomal arms of 22q (3/14, 21.4%), 9p (2/14, 14.3%) and 9q (2/14, 14.3%) were the most frequent, and were detected only in malignant GISTs both by PCR-LOH and by CGH analysis. Additionally, 2 malignant GISTs with LOH on 9p showed homozygous deletions in the restricted area of 9p by multiplex PCR-LOH analysis. Thus, several putative chromosomal changes were preferentially present in malignant GISTs but rare in benign and borderline GISTs. These findings suggest that accumulated chromosomal changes may contribute to the progression and/or malignant transformation of GISTs. Int. J. Cancer 85:633–638, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Programmable and scalable radio-frequency pulse sequence generator for multi-qubit quantum information experiments (2017)

We present a versatile rf pulse control system that has been designed for multi-qubit quantum experiments. One instrument can be scaled to provide 32 channels of rf between 10 - 450 MHz. Synchronization can be achieved across multiple instruments. By using direct digital synthesis and custom control circuitry contained within a field-programmable gate array, sequences of transform-limited pulses can be produced. These have been used to carry out quantum gates that are able to meet fault-tolerant thresholds for single- and two-qubit gate fidelities, as published elsewhere. We have also extended the frequency to the gigahertz regime using additional mixers to address hyperfine transitions in atomic systems. The system uses an efficient memory management scheme and a low-latency communications protocol that allows pulse sequences to be updated in real-time. Together these can enable outcome-based algorithms such as quantum error correction to be executed. The system is fully programmable in C++, and other languages such as Python can be supported by the on-board CPU, offering a highly flexible platform for a wide variety of experimental systems, and has been proven in trapped-ion quantum information experiments.
Epidemiology and risk assessment for ovarian cancer. (1998)

The incidence of ovarian cancer varies internationally with higher rates among women of North America and northern Europe. In the United States, there has been relatively little change in the incidence of ovarian cancer in recent decades. The incidence rate of ovarian cancer is highest among white and Hawaiian women, intermediate among African-American, Hispanic and Asian-American women, and lowest among Native American women. The most intensively studied risk factors have been family history, pregnancy history, and oral contraceptive use. Multiparity, lactation, oral contraceptive use, and tubal ligation/hysterectomy all decrease a woman's risk of ovarian cancer. One exposure that has been consistently associated with increased ovarian cancer risk is cosmetic talc applied to the perineum.
A Proposal of Intuitive and Immediate Emoticons System to Do Non-verbal Communication with Smartphones (2013)

Recently, our communication ways are not only to talk in person. Many systems support the contacts. We use many systems. Those systems are with many kinds of media. Especially, text, audio and video media are the most popular. We communicate message via various media. There are clear differences between those media. When we communicate, we should look around the features because non-verbal information is awfully important. However, languages are about the same. Text media have less non-verbal information. Thus, text media do not suit emotional communication. We use emoticons to solve the problem. Emoticons can show us emotions with aspects and signs, but there are various emotions. To select fit emoticons is difficult. In this paper, we propose intuitive and immediate selecting system for using emoticons.
Interpreting the Charge State Assignment in Electrospray Mass Spectra of Bioparticles (2011)

In electrospray ionization mass spectra of heterogeneous protein complexes and other bioparticles, accurate mass determination is often hampered by the inaccuracy in determination of the charge states for individual signals. Here, we describe an algorithm that automatically minimizes the standard deviation in a series of related ion peaks with varying numbers of charges. The algorithm assumes that the mass is invariant and allows the determination of the correct charge state in a peak series. The analysis results in a periodic pattern, which can be interpreted as a harmonic oscillator, when the minimum standard deviation of a charge state series is found. We observed that a mass resolution of much less than 1000 in the acquired mass spectra is sufficient to achieve a correct charge state assignment. Moreover, the boundaries of mixed species can be identified by examining the loss of periodicity in the pattern of the analysis. We tested our algorithm successfully on novel spectra and on spectra reported in the literature with sample masses up to several million Dalton, e.g., viral particles, polyethylene glycol polymers, and polystyrene nanoparticles.
Size‐exclusion chromatography of cross‐linked superabsorbent polymers (1995)

Abstract Superabsorbent polymers are cross‐linked poly(acrylic acid) with some degree of neutralization. These polymers have found extensive use as constituents in personal care products such as sanitary napkins, incontinent devices, and disposable baby diapers that absorb body fluids. Polymer networks are formed, which makes the chromatography of these materials impossible. In this study, hydrolysis under heat and high pH was used to break the cross‐links, which allows for traditional size‐exclusion chromatography to determine molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the primary chains. For the chromatography, TSK‐GEL®†PW XL columns and TSK‐GEL PW columns were used. The mobile phase was buffered with sodium chloride and sodium phosphate salts to eliminate ionic interactions. Detection was by refractive index. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[Familial hypophosphatemia]. (1965)

The main features of X-linked dominant renal hypophosphatemic rickets are illustrated in this study of two patients who presented with rickets, deformities of the lower limbs, and small stature. Hypophosphatemia secondary to a reduction in renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and a defect of vitamin D hydroxylation are the hallmarks of the disease. The best measure of renal handling of phosphate is to determine the tubular maximum of phosphate transport normalized for glomerular filtration rate (TmPO4/GFR). Determination of the calcium/creatinine ratio of a random urine sample proved to be a good additional parameter to control supplementation of phosphate and calcitriol. Diagnosis of the disease in our two patients enabled us to recognize renal hypophosphatemic rickets in both mothers and in two further ancestors of one patient. Both mothers suffered from early arthrosis.
Immersive visual media — MPEG-I: 360 video, virtual navigation and beyond (2017)

In this paper we consider immersive visual media that are currently researched within scientific community. These include the well-established technologies, like 360-degree panoramas, as well as those being intensively developed, like free viewpoint video and point-cloud based systems. By the use of characteristic examples, we define the features of the immersive visual media that distinguish them from the classical 2D video. Also, we present the representation technologies that are currently considered by the scientific community, especially in the context of standardization of the immersive visual media in the MPEG-I project recently launched by ISO/IEC.
Nitric oxide and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity (1999)

In this study we evaluated the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and macrophage antiviral extrinsic activity. Macrophages activated by intraperitoneal injection of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), showed both extrinsic antiviral activity and high nitrite production in contrast to non-activated, resident macrophages. The extrinsic antiviral activity was observed in cultures of Vero cells infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. The NO inhibitor N-monomethyl-l-arginine acetate (l-NMA) impaired the antiviral activity of HSV-elicited macrophages. The effect was dose dependent and correlated with a reduction of nitrite in the culture media. The effect of l-NMA was reversed by the addition of l-arginine. These data indicate that NO could be responsible for the described activity. Furthermore, l-NMA treatment resulted in the aggravation of HSV-1-induced keratitis in the mouse model, supporting a defensive role of NO in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 corneal infection.
Real-time human sitting posture detection using mobile devices (2016)

This study developed models to detect proper/ improper sitting postures using gyroscope readings from some human spinal points (thoracic, thoraco-lumbar and lumbar) through mobile devices attached at those points. It also established relationships of human body frames and proper sitting posture. The models were developed by training some well-known classifiers such as KNN, SVM, MLP, and Decision Tree using the data collected from 49 students of different body frames. Decision Tree classifier demonstrated the most promising model performance with an accuracy of 96.13% and a kappa of 0.921. Results also showed that there were relationships between body frame and posture.
Real-time compressed sensing-based electrocardiogram compression on energy-constrained wireless body sensors (2011)

Wireless body sensor networks (WBSN) hold the promise to enable next-generation patient-centric tele-cardiology systems. A WBSN-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor consists of wearable, miniaturized and wireless sensors able to measure and wirelessly report cardiac signals to a WBSN coordinator, which is responsible for reporting them to the tele-health provider. However, state-of-the-art WBSN-enabled ECG monitors still fall short of the required functionality, miniaturization and energy efficiency. Among others, energy efficiency can be significantly improved through embedded ECG compression, which reduces airtime over energy-hungry wireless links. In this paper, we quantify the potential of the emerging compressed sensing (CS) signal acquisition/compression paradigm for low complexity energy-aware ECG compression on the state-of-the-art Shimmer™ WBSN mote. Interestingly, our results show that CS represents a competitive alternative to state-of-the-art digital wavelet transform (DWT)-based ECG compression solutions in terms of overall energy efficiency and Shimmer™ node lifetime extension.