gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GENETIC POPULATION STRUCTURE OF <i>DROSOPHILA TRIPUNCTATA</i> : PATTERNS OF VARIATION AND COVARIATION OF TRAITS AFFECTING RESOURCE USE (1989)

Drosophila tripunctata is an ecological generalist, using both fruits and mushrooms as breeding sites. Isofemale strains of this species were established from seven populations over a wide part of its range and assayed for electrophoretic variability, oviposition-site preference, and larval performance on several types of substrates. Significant variation among strains within populations was found for oviposition-site preference, larval development time on tomatoes versus mushrooms, and tolerance (as measured by development time) of the mushroom toxin α-amanitin. Even populations at the periphery of the range, which electrophoretic data suggest have been through bottlenecks, harbored levels of variation for oviposition-site preference approximately equal to that found in central populations. All correlations between preference and various measures of larval performance were close to zero. Thus, there is no evidence for sympatric divergence of host races or for coadapted complexes of genes related to host specificity. Strains with higher-than-average amanitin tolerance tended to develop more rapidly on tomatoes than on nontoxic mushrooms, whereas the less-tolerant strains had slower development on tomatoes. This suggests that there may be genetically based correlations and trade-offs in larval performance on different breeding sites. No geographic differentiation among populations was found for either oviposition-site preference or any measure of larval performance. There is also very little electrophoretic variation among populations. Thus, the species as a whole, rather than local populations, appears to be the unit of evolution with respect to resource use in D. tripunctata.
Crystallization of MgO‐CaO‐SiO <sub>2</sub> ‐P <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> Glass (1990)

The crystallization behavior of a glass with a composition of 40 wt% 3CaO · P 2 O 5 −60 wt% CaO · MgO · 2SiO 2 was investigated. The primary crystalline phase was apatite with a dendritic form and ellipsoidal shape. β‐(3CaO · P 2 O 5 ) and CaO · MgO · 2SiO 2 were crystallized as samples heated to 990°C, and a three‐layer structure was obtained. The development and morphology of this construction were explained by both the surface crystallization of the apatite and CaO · MgO · 2SiO 2 and the bulk crystallization of apatite and the CaO · MgO · 2SiO 2 ‐β‐(3CaO · P 2 O 5 ) composite.
Mycobacterium avium Infection and AIDS: A Therapeutic Dilemma in Rapid Evolution (1991)

Note from Dr. Merle A. Sande--The role of Mycobacterium avium as a pathogen in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected population has been confusing and controversial to clinicians who care for AIDS patients. The organism is commonly isolated from respiratory secretions of patients with other infections and often seems part of the resident flora; even when isolated from the bone marrow or bloodstream, its impact on the course of AIDS and contribution to systemic diseases are unknown. However, an increasing subset of patients without other documented opportunistic infections or malignancies has symptoms that respond to therapy directed against M. avium. Studies are in progress to evaluate chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, the subject is here reviewed and guidelines offered to infectious disease clinicians by one with a long-standing interest in mycobacterial disease who has made numerous contributions to the field.
A Simple and Specific Colorimetric Determination of Cysteine with <i>p</i>-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (1983)

A simple and specific assay was developed for the determination of cysteine. Cysteine was reacted with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde in methanol at 60 degrees C for 2 h in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst. Absorbance was measured at 587 nm; the chromogen was stable at 60 degrees C for at least 5 h. The colour reaction was specific for cysteine, and was negative for other amino acids but positive for cysteamine. The absorbance followed Beer's law in the range from 0.825 to 413 mumol/l, and the apparent molar lineic absorbance was calculated to be 5000 m2 . mol-1. This procedure is applicable to the determination of cysteine and cystine in amino acid mixtures and in plasma, since cystine can be quantitatively reduced to cysteine with dithiothreitol under alkaline conditions. Recovery of cysteine and cystine from human plasma was 98.5 to 103% and 94.2 to 102%, respectively.
XL.—Metallic derivatives of alkaloids (1918)

J. N. Rakshit, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1918, 113, 466 DOI: 10.1039/CT9181300466
Substrate specificity and inducibility of TACE (tumour necrosis factor α-converting enzyme) revisited: the Ala-Val preference, and induced intrinsic activity (2003)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM-17, where ADAM stands for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) releases from the cell surface the extracellular domains of TNF and several other proteins. Previous studies have found that, while purified TACE preferentially cleaves peptides representing the processing sites in TNF and transforming growth factor alpha, the cellular enzyme nonetheless also sheds proteins with divergent cleavage sites very efficiently. More recent work, identifying the cleavage site in the p75 TNF receptor, quantifying the susceptibility of additional peptides to cleavage by TACE and identifying additional protein substrates, underlines the complexity of TACE-substrate interactions. In addition to substrate specificity, the mechanism underlying the increased rate of shedding caused by agents that activate cells remains poorly understood. Recent work in this area, utilizing a peptide substrate as a probe for cellular TACE activity, indicates that the intrinsic activity of the enzyme is somehow increased.
Control Technology off Minimal Slip-Type Torque Converter Clutch (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">If a torque converter clutch is allowed to slip to a minimal amount, engine torque can be transmitted through a transmission without torque variation problem, and also low fuel consumption is realized by putting the clutch in operation even at low engine revolution. Oil pressure applied to clutch is electronically feedback-controlled to keep clutch slip to a minimal amount. But this feedback system tends to become unstable by impairment of various factors of the system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper relates to the stability analysis of feedback system, and especially to the control method by which feedback system can be made stable even when µ-v characteristic of clutch facing material is impaired.</div>
Spatial hierarchy and OLAP-favored search in spatial data warehouse (2003)

Data warehouse and Online Analytical Processing(OLAP) play a key role in business intelligent systems. With the increasing amount of spatial data stored in business database, how to utilize these spatial information to get insight into business data from the geo-spatial point of view is becoming an important issue of data warehouse and OLAP. However, traditional data warehouse and OLAP tools can not fully exploit spatial data in coordinates because multi-dimensional spatial data does not have implicit or explicit concept hierarchy to compute pre-aggregation and materialization in data warehouse. In this paper we extend the traditional set-grouping hierarchy into multi-dimensional data space and propose to use spatial index tree as the hierarchy on spatial dimension. With spatial hierarchy, spatial data warehouse can be built accordingly. Our approach preserve the star schema in data warehouse while building the hierarchy on spatial dimension, and can be easily integrated into existing data warehouse and OLAP systems. To process spatial OLAP query in spatial data warehouse, we propose an OLAP-favored search method which can utilize the pre-aggregation result in spatial data warehouse to improve the performance of spatial OLAP queries. For generality, the algorithm is developed based on Generalized Index Searching Tree(GiST). To improve the performance of OLAP-favored search, we further introduce a heuristic search method which can provide an approximate answer to spatial OLAP query. Experiment result shows the efficiency of our method.
High-speed low-loss p-n diode having a channel structure (1984)

A p-n diode having a channel structure (static shielding diode, SSD) is proposed to increase the reverse blocking voltage of a low-loss high-speed p-n diode. It is shown by numerical analysis and experiment that a low-loss, high-speed SSD with high blocking capability can be realized by surrounding the p-layer and a portion of the n-layer with a highly doped p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -layer. In this method, the blocking voltage can be increased by a factor of 2 to 3.5 without sacrificing the low forward voltage drop and fast reverse recovery. The SSD with a 0.81-V forward voltage drop at 80 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a 180-V blocking voltage at 150°C, and a 87-ns reverse recovery time can be fabricated.
Expression of <i>hetN</i> during heterocyst differentiation and its inhibition of <i>hetR</i> up‐regulation in the cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp. PCC 7120 (2002)

The hetN gene plays an important role in heterocyst differentiation and pattern formation. An immunoblotting study showed that the hetN gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was expressed in vegetative cells grown with combined nitrogen. After a switch to a medium without combined nitrogen, hetN expression first declined and was then followed by a rapid increase in its product, HetN, which was only present in mature heterocysts. HetN is located on both thylakoid membranes and plasma membranes as determined by immunoblotting using purified membranes. Overexpression of hetN completely prevented hetR up-regulation under nitrogen-deprivation conditions, suggesting that its role in pattern control may depend on its inhibition of hetR expression.
Time‐domain semi‐parametric estimation based on a metabolite basis set (2005)

Abstract A novel and fast time‐domain quantitation algorithm—quantitation based on semi‐parametric quantum estimation (QUEST)—invoking optimal prior knowledge is proposed and tested. This nonlinear least‐squares algorithm fits a time‐domain model function, made up from a basis set of quantum‐mechanically simulated whole‐metabolite signals, to low‐SNR in vivo data. A basis set of in vitro measured signals can be used too. The simulated basis set was created with the software package NMR‐SCOPE which can invoke various experimental protocols. Quantitation of 1 H short echo‐time signals is often hampered by a background signal originating mainly from macromolecules and lipids. Here, we propose and compare three novel semi‐parametric approaches to handle such signals in terms of bias‐variance trade‐off. The performances of our methods are evaluated through extensive Monte‐Carlo studies. Uncertainty caused by the background is accounted for in the Cramér–Rao lower bounds calculation. Valuable insight about quantitation precision is obtained from the correlation matrices. Quantitation with QUEST of 1 H in vitro data, 1 H in vivo short echo‐time and 31 P human brain signals at 1.5 T, as well as 1 H spectroscopic imaging data of human brain at 1.5 T, is demonstrated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Speed Imaging and Analysis of Jet and Drop Formation (2007)

New techniques have been developed for analyzing, in detail, the shape and development of ink jets and drops. By using flash illumination of very short duration (ca. 20 ns), high quality, single-event digital images of jets and drops can be captured. A computer program, PEJET, has been written to automate the processing of such images and to generate quantitative data about the whole ink stream. From this data, it is then possible to compute the variation in fluid volume, volume flow, and velocity as a function of both position and time. The method has been shown to have high accuracy. The results can be used to study the influences of nozzle design, drive waveform, and fluid properties on jet and drop formation, as well as to provide accurate data for comparison to the results of computational modeling. Examples of results from a drop-on-demand system are presented that illustrate the potential of the method to compare quantitatively the performance of print systems and inks.
Error Recovery in Automation - An Overview (1994)

This paper attempts to provide an overview of techniques and approaches to error recovery, both in automation and in other fields (such as autonomous robotics) where analogous problems occur. The term `error recovery&apos; is often used as a common name for the three sub areas error/fault detection, error/fault diagnose, and recovery from the resulting failure. All three areas will be covered. Rather than presenting different systems and approaches in-depth, different types of systems and approaches will be presented and compared. Terminology The first observation made is that there is a lack of common terminology, e.g. the word error is sometimes used to denote the original reason why something went wrong, whereas in other cases it is used to denote the effects in the computer system due to some unforeseen event. However, in the `reliable computing&apos; community there is an emerging standard [Laprie, 1992]. Although they are primarily interested in problems internal to a computer and its sof...
Activity pad (2013)

In this paper, we describe the design process and early experiences of the Activity Pad, an interactive digital artifact for active learning environments. The pad combines a 4x6 grid of programmable NFC readers together with printed sheets of A4-sized paper to allow teacher-driven creation of interactive learning applications featuring application-specific tangibles. We describe iterative design process for this teaching tool, including mock-up prototypes, focus group discussions with teachers and the first complete prototype together with two example applications. Teachers were eager to innovate applications for the Activity Pad, and the feedback indicates the potential of this kind of teaching tool in diverse learning environments.
Design of a 64-processor by 128-memory crossbar switching network (2003)

The authors describe the design of a 64-processor by 128-memory CMOS crossbar switching network that establishes working performance and density limits of a medium-scale ideal network. The design is based on advanced packaging technology utilizing tape-automated bonding of integrated circuit components to 3.25"-square high-density interconnect substrates. The maximum available data transfer bandwidth is 5.12 Gb/s. Minimum end-to-end latency to read a 40-bit memory word is 450 ns, while minimum write latency is 300 ns. The expected end-to-end latencies after correcting for contention (assuming uniform access probabilities) are 570 ns and 380 ns, respectively, for the case in which all memory accesses go through the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased expression of sialyl Lewis(x) antigen in penetrating growth type A early gastric cancer. (2002)

Early gastric cancer can be divided morphologically into two categories, penetrating growth type-A (Pen-A type) and other growth types (non-Pen-A types). Sialyl Lewis(x) antigen has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor metastasis by serving as a functional ligand in the cell adhesion system. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether or not sialyl Le(x) antigen expression correlates with tumor growth patterns of early gastric carcinoma. An immunohistochemical assay was performed using monoclonal antibody CSLEX1 in 12 Pen-A type and 79 non-Pen-A type cancers. Scoring was based on the percentage of immunoreactive cells: negative, low expression (< or = 25%), and high expression (> 25%). Lymph node metastasis was found more frequently in Pen-A type than non-Pen-A type cancers (P=0.0004). Furthermore, sialyl Le(x) antigen high expression was detected more often in Pen-A type cancers (7 out of 12; 58.3%) than non-Pen-A type cancers (13 out of 79; 16.5%) (P=0.0036). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that these variables are related independently to the Pen-A type and the non-Pen-A type tumor growth patterns. These data suggest that the difference in sialyl Le(x) antigen expression between the Pen-A type and non-Pen-A type tumor growth patterns of early gastric cancer may, at least partially, reflect different biological behavior during tumor progression.
A Versatile Route to 2-Arylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-diones <i>via</i> Regiospecific Alkylation of 1,2,4-Oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (1997)

2-Arylmethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-diones can be prepared in a single step by the regiospecific alkylation of 1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione with substituted benzyl halides.
A fast efficient technique for the estimation of frequency: interpretation and generalisation (1999)

In Quinn & Fernandes (1991), an iterative technique was presented for the estimation of the frequency of a sinusoid in the presence of noise. The technique is more robust to poor initial estimates than is the periodogram maximiser. A generalisation to the case of multiple sinusoids is presented in this paper, and it is shown that the original estimator may be interpreted as the maximiser of a smoothed version of the periodogram.
Is Science going through a critical stage? (1998)

The unexpected discoveries at the beginning of the century, particularly thanks to Heisenberg, Bohr, and Godel, has driven the science to drastic changes, opening new, extraordinary, and infinite research fields. After this, many scientists saw, and still today see, a crisis, with dreadful meaning, in the science. However, this crisis is only present in that type of science, driven by determinism, which is strictly linked to the common sense.
Quantum Dot-Based Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor with Gold Nanoparticle-Graphene Nanosheet Hybrids and Silica Nanospheres Double-Assisted Signal Amplification (2012)

Near-infrared electrochemiluminescence (NIR ECL) from quantum dots (QDs) has aroused particular attention. However, whether it is possible to achieve NIR ECL sensing has remained an open question. In this article, we reported a NIR ECL immunosensor with amplification techniques for ultrasensitive and selective determination of biomarker. In this sensing platform, NIR-emitting CdTe/CdS core(small)/shell(thick) QDs were first selected as NIR ECL emitters. The NIR ECL nanoprobe (SiO(2)-QD-Ab2) was designed by covalent assembly of goat antihuman IgG antibody (Ab2) on CdTe/CdS QDs tagged silica nanospheres. Gold nanoparticle-graphene nanosheet (Au-GN) hybrids were prepared by a sonication-induced self-assembly and served as an effective matrix for initial antibodies (Ab1) attachment. After a sandwich immunoreaction, the functionalized silica nanosphere labels were captured onto the glass carbon electrode surface. Integrating the dual amplification from the promoting electron transfer rate of Au-GN hybrids and the increasing QD loading of SiO(2)-QD-Ab2 labels, the NIR ECL response from CdTe/CdS QDs enhanced 16.8-fold compared to the unamplified protocol and successfully fulfilled the ultrasensitive detection of human IgG (HIgG) with a detection limit of 87 fg mL(-1). Moreover, as a practical application, the proposed immunosensor was used to monitor HIgG level in human serum with satisfactory results obtained.
High‐Performance Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs Using Energy Transfer from Exciplex (2014)

An efficient energy transfer from an exciplex between a sulfone and an arylamine derivatives to a blue phosphorescent emitter enables OLED performances among the best, of over 50 lm W(-1) at 100 cd m(-2) . The formation of the exciplex realizes a barrier-free hole-electron recombination pathway, thereby leading to high OLED performances with an extremely low driving voltage of 2.9 V at 100 cd m(-2) .
Indium(III) Chloride-Promoted Rearrangement of Epoxides: A Selective Synthesis of Substituted Benzylic Aldehydes and Ketones (1998)

A simple and efficient procedure for the rearrangement of substituted epoxides catalyzed by InCl3 has been developed. Aryl-substituted epoxides isomerize with complete regioselectivity to form a single carbonyl compound via cleavage of the benzylic C−O bond. The reactions are simple, fast, and high yielding. This procedure is very mild compared to those catalyzed with BF3 and other Lewis acids and compatible with several acid-sensitive functionalities. This protocol provides a highly selective synthesis of substituted benzylic aldehydes and ketones. However, rearrangement of alkyl-substituted epoxides is not very selective.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis caused by surgical equipment contamination: an emerging nosocomial infection. (2015)

Contamination of surgical-reusable equipment should be considered in addition to the well-known risk factors associated with development of endophthalmitis by S. maltophilia.
Polymeric phosphonium salts as a novel class of cationic biocides. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of polyesters releasing phosphonium biocides (1993)

Abstract Polyesters were prepared which retained phosphonium biocides as counter ions of sodium sulfonate moieties incorporated into the polymers, and surface antibacterial activity of the polyester films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was explored. These films exhibited a high surface antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli , particularly against S. aureus , and the activity was affected by the structure and the compositional ratio of the phosphonium salts. Amount of the released phosphonium salts was very small, so that liberation of the phosphonium biocides can be expected to occur over a long period. Morphological changes of the cells of S. aureus and E. coli in contact with the polyester films were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the surface antibacterial activity of the polyester films was rather bacteriostatic than bactericidal as evidenced by no morphological changes of the bacterial cells in contact with the phosphonium biocides © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of white matter multiple sclerosis lesions: Interpreting positive susceptibility and the presence of iron (2014)

Positive susceptibility values with respect to water indicate the presence of iron in MS lesions, although both demyelination and iron deposition contribute to QSM.
Embedded ferroelectric memory using a 130-nm 5 metal layer Cu / FSG logic process (2005)

An embedded ferroelectric memory (FRAM) has been developed using a 1.5V, 130nm 5 metal layer Cu / FSG logic process. The only modification to the logic process was the addition of a ferroelectric process consisting of two additional masks (FECAP, VIA0) immediately before MET1. The ferroelectric was 70nm Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The bit distribution of small ferroelectric capacitors (< 0.2 /spl mu/m/sup 2/) was measured after fabrication and bake. A reasonable amount of property degradation after 6000hr 125/spl deg/C bake was observed.