gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trehalose accumulation in vegetative cells and spores of Myxococcus xanthus (1989)

The disaccharide trehalose is found in the spores and cysts of a variety of organisms. We analyzed developing cells of Myxococcus xanthus for trehalose accumulation. Vegetative cells grown in media with low osmotic strengths contained less than 5 micrograms of trehalose per mg of protein. Spores formed in fruiting bodies accumulated up to 1,100 micrograms of trehalose per mg of protein. Spores formed in liquid culture following the addition of glycerol contained up to 300 micrograms of trehalose per mg of protein. The trehalose contents of both spore types decreased rapidly during the early stages of germination. Trehalase activity was not detected in extracts of dormant or germinating spores. Trehalose accumulation in M. xanthus was also associated with elevated osmotic strength. Vegetative cells accumulated up to 214 micrograms of trehalose per mg of protein when grown in media containing elevated levels of solutes.
A planar resonator antenna based on a woodpile EBG material (2005)

A resonator antenna made from a complex artificial surface and a metallic ground plane is described. The complex surface is realized using a woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material, which is shown to have a frequency dependent reflection plane location. A highly directive radiation pattern is created due to the angle-dependent attenuation of the resonator antenna coupling to free space. The antenna has the advantages of low height, low loss, and low sidelobes. It is shown that the directivity can be varied over a fixed range by changing the aperture size of the device, with the maximum directivity determined by both the feed element and EBG material properties. The complete bandgap for the woodpile EBG material is confirmed from a band diagram, and its properties as a complex surface are investigated through transmission calculation and measurement. The design of the antenna is described, and two means of exciting the resonator, a microstrip patch and a double slot, are investigated. Theoretical results for these two antennas are calculated the using finite-difference time-domain and are shown to be in good agreement with measured results.
SRv6 network programming using Unified Identifier (2020)

This draft describes how Unified Segment Identifier can be used to
achieve the goals of SRv6 network programming.
Buffer management and scheduling for TCP/IP over ATM-GFR (2002)

Today ATM technology is facing challenges from integrated service IP, IP switching, gigabit IP router and gigabit Ethernet. Although ATM is approved by the ITU-T as the standard technology in B-ISDN its survivability is still in question. Since ATM-UBR (unspecified bit rate) provides no service guarantee and ATM-ABR (available bit rate) is still unattainable for most users, many existing users have little or no incentives to migrate to ATM technology. The guaranteed frame rate (GFR) service is introduced to deal with this dilemma. The GFR can guarantee the minimum cell rate (MCR) with fair access to excess bandwidth. This paper studies various schemes to support the GFR. We have studied different discarding and scheduling schemes, and compared their throughput and fairness when TCP/IP traffic is carried. Through simulations, it is shown that only per-VC queueing with weighted round robin (WRR) can guarantee minimum cell rate. Among all the schemes that have been explored, we recommend DT-EPD (dynamic threshold-early packet discard) integrated with MCR+ (a WRR variant) to support the GFR service.
Hypervelocity Electromagnetic Gun Development at CEM-UT (1985)

Interest in railguns at the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) was the result of a visit to the railgun facility at the Australian National University (ANU) at Canberra in 1979. Soon after that visit the concept of a Distributed Energy Store (DES) railgun was invented and the first injected railgun was tested at CEM-UT. When railguns were introduced into the defense community in 1980, the technology started to grow in the United States. With the announcement of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), electromagnetic launcher research took another quantum step. Today CEM -UT is actively testing state-of-the-art launchers on the pulsed power supplies developed at CEM- UT over the past twelve years. In addition, CEM-UT is preparing for the future with the installation of the Balcones Homopolar Generator Power Supply and by maintaining programs in state-of-the-art rep- rated power supply development and hypervelocity launch. A detailed description of the CEM- UT facility is presented in Appendix A at the end of the text.
An economical color-television camera utilizing a silicon vidicon for electronic color separation (1975)

A new image device designed to electronically separate two kinds of color components from an optical image utilizing photoelectric properties of the surface of a silicon-vidicon target, and an economical color-TV camera using this device are proposed. This system requires neither special construction of a camera tube target to obtain index signals for color separation nor bias lighting. Crosstalk components present in the color signals from the color camera tube are corrected by circuitry. This color camera is about three times as high in sensitivity as that using an antimony trisulfide vidicon. It has many other features, including the capability of imaging a fixed object, without burn-in for a long time, as well as high reliability and long life.
Acute megakaryocytic leukemia: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. (2000)

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMegL) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from primitive megakaryoblasts. Because of its rarity and the lack of precise diagnostic criteria in the past, few series of adults treated with contemporary therapy have been reported. Twenty among 1649 (1.2%) patients with newly diagnosed AML entered on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trials between 1984 and 1997 were found to have AMegL. The median age was 42.5 years (range 18-70). Marrow fibrosis, usually extensive, was present in the bone marrow. Of the 8 patients who had cytogenetic studies performed, abnormalities of chromosome 3 were the most frequent. The most consistent immunophenotypic finding was absence of myeloperoxidase in blast cells from 5 patients. In the most typical 3 cases, the leukemic cells were positive for one to 2 platelet-specific antigens in addition to lacking myeloperoxidase or an antigen consistent with a lymphoid leukemia. Myeloid antigens other than myeloperoxidase and selected T-cell antigens (CD7 and/or CD2) were frequently expressed. Induction therapy included an anthracycline and cytarabine in all cases. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 10 of 20 patients (50%). Two patients remain alive, one in CR at 160+ months. Resistant disease was the cause of induction failure in all but 3 patients. The median CR duration was 10.6 months (range 1-160+ months). The median survival for all patients was 10.4 months (range 1-160+ months). Although half of the patients achieved CR, the long-term outcome is extremely poor, primarily attributable to resistant disease. New therapeutic strategies are needed.
Evaluation of Dairy and Food Plant Sanitizers Against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes (1986)

Six commonly used dairy and food plant sanitizers were evaluated against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. Of these six, two were acid anionic sanitizers, one contained a quaternary ammonium compound, one was based on active iodine, and two contained active chlorine. Of the last two, one contained hypochlorite and the other contained active chlorine in organic form. The chlorine-based sanitizers were effective at 100 ppm of available chlorine against both these organisms. The sanitizer containing iodine was effective at 12.5 and 25 ppm titratable iodine against L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively. The acid anionic sanitizers were effective at 200 ppm of active agent against both the bacteria, and the quaternary ammonium-based sanitizer was effective at 100 and 200 ppm of active compound against L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively. The sanitizer containing iodine at 12.5 and 25 ppm of titratable iodine showed activity equivalent to 50 and 200 ppm of available chlorine, respectively, against L. monocytogenes and 100 and 200 ppm of available chlorine, respectively, against S. typhimurium.
Combinatorial BER analysis of synchronous optical CDMA with prime sequences (1995)

A previous BER analysis (see ibid., vol.39, no.11, p.1625, 1991) is based on a Gaussian approximation. We derive a combinatorial BER analysis and an improved Gaussian approximation for synchronous optical code-division multiple-access (S/CDMA) with prime codes. This analysis is shown to be in good agreement with the Gaussian approximation as well as with simulation results.
Reduction of charge trappings and electron tunneling in SIMOX by supplemental implantation of oxygen (1993)

The reduction of excess-silicon related defects in SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) by the supplemental implantation of oxygen is examined. The supplemental implant is 6% of the oxygen dose used to form the buried oxide, and is followed by a 1000 degrees C anneal, in contrast to the >1300 degrees C anneal used to form the buried oxide layer of SIMOX. The defects examined include shallow electron traps, deep hole traps, and silicon clusters. The radiation-induced shallow electron and deep hole trapping is measured by cryogenic detrapping and isothermal annealing techniques. The low-field (3 to 6 MV/cm) electron tunneling is interpreted as being due to a two-phase mixture of stoichiometric SiO/sub 2/ and Si clusters at a few nm in size. Single and triple SIMOX samples have been examined. All of the defects are reduced by the supplemental oxygen processing. Shallow electron trapping is reduced by an order of magnitude. The low-field electron tunneling due to Si clusters is also significantly reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantification of Hepcidin-25 in Human Serum by Isotope Dilution Micro-HPLC–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Hepcidin-25, a liver-produced peptide hormone, was initially isolated from human urine and blood ultrafiltrate. Hepcidin-25 is thought to be the central regulator of iron metabolism (1). Iron deficiency is associated with low hepcidin-25 concentrations and anemia of chronic disease with high concentrations, but the true diagnostic value of hepcidin-25 is still under investigation. A recently published review(2) stated that only semiquantitative methods for comparative studies based on mass spectrometry (MS) have been used for the determination of hepcidin in serum and urine.

Isotope-dilution MS is generally accepted as yielding high analytical specificity and accuracy. We report an isotope-dilution–micro-HPLC–tandem MS (MS/MS) method that allows the quantification of hepcidin-25 present at less than nanomole-per-liter concentrations.

During sample preparation, hepcidin-25 undergoes strong nonspecific binding to surfaces. A stable isotope-labeled internal standard helps to compensate for any matrix effects. Micro-HPLC-MS/MS with monolithic capillary columns ensures highest resolution and limits of quantification (3).

Native hepcidin-25 ( M r 2789) was purchased from Bachem AG. The internal standard, hepcidin-25 [DTHFPI(13C6 …
Preparation of a homogeneous soluble D-beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase from mitochondria. (1975)

D-beta-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The membrane-bound enzyme is first released by phospholipase A digestion of the mitochondria. Lithium bromide, 0.4 M, is used to aid release, and dithiothreitol is required to stabilize the enzyme. The membranous material is removed by centrifugation, and the apoenzyme is recovered in the supernatant and precipitated with ammonium sulfate to 50 percent of saturation. The main purification (100-fold) is achieved by selective adsorption and elution on controlled pore glass beads. The purified enzyme has been purified approximately 250-fold from the mitochondria. The purified enzyme is homogeneous as shown by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate or acid-urea systems; a sharp band is obtained which is equivalent to a subunit molecular weight of 31,500. The apoenzyme is devoid of lipid and is completely inactive as isolated. It can be reactivated by adding aqueous microdispersions of lecithin or phospholipids containing lecithin. The apoenzyme is stable, i.e. it has a half-life of about 450 hours at 0-2 degrees in 0.4 M lithium bromide, containing 5 mM dithiothreitol at pH 7, and is soluble at these conditions, existing mainly as a monomer and dimer in dilute solution. It has a tendency to associate into larger aggregates when the salt concentration is lowered. The enzyme does not have a distinctive amino acid composition as compared with other proteins or soluble dehydrogenases. The purified apodehydrogenase is well suited for study of specific protein-lipid interaction, as well as the molecular basis for the role of phospholipid in this lipid-requiring enzyme.
Searching for New Biomarkers of Renal Diseases through Proteomics (2011)

It is clear that the field of proteomics has not yet fulfilled its promise. However, ongoing efforts to standardize sample collection and preparation, improve study designs, perform multicenter validations, and create joint industry-regulatory bodies offer promise for the recognition of novel molecules that could change clinical nephrology forever.
Introduction (1998)

Trying to find out why terrorists do what they do is a bit like trying to solve a good fictional murder in that one is dealing with the elements of motive, method, and opportunity. However, the plot is reversed. With the classic murder one starts with a victim, and has to determine the motive, methods, and opportunity involved in order to discover the perpetrator. With terrorist target selection on the other hand, the motives are known, the means can usually be estimated, and the opportunities are fairly plentiful. What one has to determine is who or what is likely to be the victim.KeywordsTerrorist GroupPolitical ViolencePolitical GroupPhysical TargetCongress PartyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Bandwidth Extension Of Telephone Speech Using Frame-Based Excitation And Robust Features (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
A fast calculation method of the head-related transfer functions for multiple source points based on the boundary element method (2003)

In the binaural method, sound signals are reproduced in each of the ears of a listener by using headphones. Usually, a dummy head microphone is used to record the signal to be reproduced. However, if the sound field to be reproduced does not exist, the dummy head recording method is not usable. In this case, we can produce the virtual sound field by calculating the input signals of the headphones from the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and the virtual sound image. Although the HRTFs can be obtained by measuring an impulse response between a loudspeaker and a listener’s ear in an anechoic chamber, it would be very useful if they could be calculated. In many researches that focus on predicting HRTFs by calculation, the boundary element method (BEM), which calculates the HRTFs by solving the wave equation using a computer model of the head, is rather prominent. However, one of the drawbacks of the BEM in obtaining the HRTFs is the considerable amount of calculation time that is required. In this study, we suggest a new method for HRTF calculation which enables significantly enhanced speed by pre-processing an inverse of the coefficient matrix of the BEM.
Capacity and complexity of HMM duration modeling techniques (2005)

The ability of a standard hidden Markov model (HMM) or expanded state HMM (ESHMM) to accurately model duration distributions of phonemes is compared with specific duration-focused approaches such as semi-Markov models or variable transition probabilities. It is demonstrated that either a three-state ESHMM or a standard HMM with an increased number of states is capable of closely matching both Gamma distributions and duration distributions of phonemes from the TIMIT corpus, as measured by Bhattacharyya distance to the true distributions. Standard HMMs are easily implemented with off-the-shelf tools, whereas duration models require substantial algorithmic development and have higher computational costs when implemented, suggesting that a simple adjustment to HMM topologies is perhaps a more efficient solution to the problem of duration than more complex approaches.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (1987)

A national registry was begun in 1981 to collect data from 32 centers on patients diagnosed by uniform criteria as having primary pulmonary hypertension. Entered into the registry were 187 patients with a mean age (+/- SD) of 36 +/- 15 years (range, 1 to 81), and a female-to-male ratio of 1.7:1 overall. The mean interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 2 years. The most frequent presenting symptoms included dyspnea (60%), fatigue (19%), and syncope (or near syncope) (13%). Raynaud phenomenon was present in 10% (95% of whom were female) and a positive antinuclear antibody test, in 29% (69% female). Pulmonary function studies showed mild restriction (forced vital capacity [FVC], 82% of predicted) with a reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and hypoxemia with hypocapnia. The mean (+/- SD) right atrial pressure was 9.7 +/- 6 mm Hg; mean pulmonary artery pressure, 60 +/- 18 mm Hg; cardiac index, 2.3 +/- 0.9 L/min X m2; and pulmonary vascular resistance index, 26 +/- 14 mm Hg/L/min X m2 for the group. Although no deaths or sustained morbid events occurred during the diagnostic evaluation of the patients, the typically long interval from initial symptoms to diagnosis emphasizes the need to develop strategies to make the diagnosis earlier.
Storage and search in dynamic peer-to-peer networks (2013)

We study robust and efficient distributed algorithms for searching, storing, and maintaining data in dynamic Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks. P2P networks are highly dynamic networks that experience heavy node churn (i.e., nodes join and leave the network continuously over time). Our goal is to guarantee, despite high node churn rate, that a large number of nodes in the network can store, retrieve, and maintain a large number of data items. Our main contributions are fast randomized distributed algorithms that guarantee the above with high probability even under high adversarial churn. In particular, we present the following main results:
Capacitive stabilization of an electrostatic actuator: output feedback viewpoint (2004)

With constant voltage control, use of the entire capacitive gap in analog operation of electrostatically-actuated MEMS devices is restricted by a bifurcation phenomenon known as "pull in" or "snap through." It is well known that a properly-sized series capacitor will eliminate this bifurcation. We re-visit this result from the viewpoint of control theory, and show that the series capacitor implements static charge feedback, and can semi-globally stabilize any position in the gap. In fact, with charge as output, the system is relative degree one, and input-output linearizable with asymptotically stable zero dynamics, suggesting that more general compensation schemes may be fruitful. In fact, the system may be input-output linearized using only the voltage across the electrodes. We show that any position in the gap may be globally asymptotically stabilized with output feedback of voltage and charge.
The major protein of GLUT4-containing vesicles, gp160, has aminopeptidase activity. (1994)

A glycoprotein of M(r) 160,000 (gp160) represents the major protein component of GLUT4-containing vesicles other than GLUT4 itself. These vesicles are the tissue-specific secretory-like microsomal structures that are responsible for insulin-dependent translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface in fat and muscle cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that the expression of gp160 is also limited to fat and muscle tissues, where it is localized exclusively in GLUT4-containing vesicles, and thus, it represents a marker protein for insulin-activated glucose transport. We demonstrate here that gp160 has structural homology to aminopeptidase N and possesses aminopeptidase activity in vitro. Since aminopeptidase activity has also been found in a variety of secretory type vesicles from other tissues, it may be essential for the organization and functioning of secretory machinery in different cell types.
Genetics and molecular pathology of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumors (gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) (2009)

Molecular profiling of GEP-NETs demonstrates that pancreatic endocrine tumors and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) display different genetic changes and should, therefore, be considered to be different tumor entities; thereby, also differently managed clinically. Although the number of genetic changes is higher in malignant tumors, we are still far away from defining a malignant profile in GEP-NETs.
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in chlorine gas workers. (1969)

The relationship between chronic chlorine gas inhalation and obstructive pulmonary disease was studied in 139 workers at risk in a chlorine gas plant. Chest roentgenograms, respiratory questionnaires, and ventilatory studies were obtained. The average chlorine concentration in the air was less than 1 part per million, but accidental additional exposure occurred in 55 workers and was severe enough to require oxygen therapy. Only 3 workers had significant impairment of ventilatory function. Radiographic appearance of the lungs and the questionnaires correlated poorly with abnormal ventilatory function. The immediate effect of acute chlorine exposure was an obstructive ventilatory defect that cleared rapidly. Smokers who were exposed to chlorine demonstrated decreased maximal midexpiratory flow.
Development of a Φ-shaped actuated suspension for 100-kTPI hard disk drives (2001)

A suspension-based piezoelectric microactuator has been developed for dual-stage servo systems in hard disk drives. The suspension is designed to meet the requirements of high recording density, high shock resistance, high productivity, and a load/unload structure. This paper describes the structure of the actuator and its mechanical characteristics.