gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Activities of Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> : Application to Breakpoint Determinations (1998)

The in vivo activities of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate against 17 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae with penicillin MICs of 0.12-8.0 mg/liter were assessed in a cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Renal impairment was produced by administration of uranyl nitrate to prolong the amoxicillin half-life in the mice from 21 to 65 min, simulating human pharmacokinetics. Two hours after thigh infection with 10(5) to 10(6) CFU, groups of mice were treated with 7 mg of amoxicillin per kg of body weight alone or combined with clavulanate (ratio, 4:1) every 8 h for 1 and 4 days. There was an excellent correlation between the MIC of amoxicillin (0.03 to 5.6 mg/liter) and (i) the change in log10 CFU/thigh at 24 h and (ii) survival after 4 days of therapy. Organisms for which MICs were 2 mg/liter or less were killed at 1.4 to 4.2 and 1.6 to 4.1 log10 CFU/thigh at 24 h by amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. The four strains for which MICs were >4 mg/liter grew 0.2 to 2.6 and 0.6 to 2. 3 logs at 24 h despite therapy with amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. Infection was uniformly fatal by 72 h in untreated mice. Amoxicillin therapy resulted in no mortality with organisms for which MICs were 1 mg/liter or less, 20 to 40% mortality with organisms for which MICs were 2 mg/liter, and 80 to 100% mortality with organisms for which MICs were 4.0-5.6 mg/liter. Lower and higher doses (0.5, 2, and 20 mg/kg) of amoxicillin were studied against organisms for which MICs were near the breakpoint. These studies demonstrate that a reduction of 1 log10 or greater in CFU/thigh at 24 h is consistently observed when amoxicillin levels exceed the MIC for 25 to 30% of the dosing interval. These studies would support amoxicillin (and amoxicillin-clavulanate) MIC breakpoints of 1 mg/liter for susceptible, 2 mg/liter for intermediate, and 4 mg/liter for resistant strains of S. pneumoniae.
[Buprenorphine use, a bad prognostic indicator in drug dependence]. (1992)

We studied 184 patients with DSM III-R diagnostic criteria for opiate dependence and classified them in order of their buprenorphine use: those who never used it (21%), others who used it from time to time (43.5%), and those who use it habitually (35.5%). The patients who use buprenorphine habitually have a poorer social functioning and are more disturbed clinically. They present too: more unemployment (p less than 0.05), longer time of opioid dependence (p less than 0.05), they offend usually (p less than 0.001), they traffic in drugs more than the other patients (p less than 0.001), mostly buprenorphine (p less than 0.001) and they are usually polydrug-addicts (p less than 0.001).
NADP <sup>+</sup> -dependent farnesol dehydrogenase, a <i>corpora allata</i> enzyme involved in juvenile hormone synthesis (2009)

The synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) is an attractive target for control of insect pests and vectors of disease, but the minute size of the corpora allata (CA), the glands that synthesize JH, has made it difficult to identify important biosynthetic enzymes by classical biochemical approaches. Here, we report identification and characterization of an insect farnesol dehydrogenase (AaSDR-1) that oxidizes farnesol into farnesal, a precursor of JH, in the CA. AaSDR-1 was isolated as an EST in a library of the corpora allata-corpora cardiaca of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The 245-amino acid protein presents the typical short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) Rossmann-fold motif for nucleotide binding. This feature, together with other conserved sequence motifs, place AaSDR-1 into the "classical" NADP(+)-dependent cP2 SDR subfamily. The gene is part of a group of highly conserved paralogs that cluster together in the mosquito genome; similar clusters of orthologs were found in other insect species. AaSDR-1 acts as a homodimer and efficiently oxidizes C(10) to C(15) isoprenoid and aliphatic alcohols, showing the highest affinity for the conversion of farnesol into farnesal. Farnesol dehydrogenase activity was not detected in the CA of newly emerged mosquitoes but significant activity was detected 24 h later. Real time PCR experiments revealed that AaSDR-1 mRNA levels were very low in the inactive CA of the newly emerged female, but increased >30-fold 24 h later during the peak of JH synthesis. These results suggest that oxidation of farnesol might be a rate-limiting step in JH III synthesis in adult mosquitoes.
The role of proline in the proteolytic regulation of biologically active peptides (1987)

Specificity studies of the enzymatic hydrolysis of proline-containing peptides give further evidence of the unique nature of the Xaa-Pro bond and indicate its role in the limited proteolysis as a structural element protecting the N-terminal chain end. A sensitive, highly specific fluorogenic assay was developed for aminopeptidase P [EC 3.4.11.9], that specifically cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro bonds. Examples of polypeptides with known N-terminal Xaa-Pro sequences are listed and the influence of proline on the proteolytic processing of polypeptide precursors is discussed.
A comparison of MOS varactors in fully-integrated CMOS LC VCO's at 5 and 7 GHz (2000)

This paper examines the effect of the choice of MOS varactor on the performance of a CMOS negative resistance oscillator. The three most common MOS varactor structures (inversion, accumulation, and gated varactor) are combined with a spiral inductor over either deep trench oxide or a polysilicon patterned ground shield, to implement a matrix of six LC VCO's in a 0.24-µm (0.18- µm L eff ) SiGe BiCMOS technology[1]. Typical measured VCO phase noise is -119.7 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset from a 5.67-GHz carrier, while drawing 1.6 mA from a 1.5-V supply, for a VCO figure of merit of-191 dBc/Hz.
Potassium Channel Mutant KCNJ5 T158A Expression in HAC-15 Cells Increases Aldosterone Synthesis (2012)

Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, most frequently due to an aldosterone-producing adenoma or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Somatic mutations of the potassium channel KCNJ5 in the region of the selectivity filter have been found in a significant number of aldosterone-producing adenomas. There are also familial forms of primary aldosteronism, one of which, familial hyperaldosteronism type 3 which to date has been found in one family who presented with a severe abnormality in aldosterone and 18-oxocortisol production and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the transitional zone of the adrenal cortex. In familial hyperaldosteronism type 3, there is a genomic mutation causing a T158A change of amino acids within the selectivity filter region of the KCNJ5 gene. We are reporting our studies demonstrating that lentiviral-mediated expression of a gene carrying the T158A mutation of the KCNJ5 in the HAC15 adrenal cortical carcinoma cell line causes a 5.3-fold increase in aldosterone secretion in unstimulated HAC15-KCNJ5 cells and that forskolin-stimulated aldosterone secretion was greater than that of angiotensin II. Expression of the mutated KCNJ5 gene decreases plasma membrane polarization, allowing sodium and calcium influx into the cells. The calcium channel antagonist nifedipine and the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 variably inhibited the effect. Overexpression of the mutated KCNJ5 channel resulted in a modest decrease in HAC15 cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate that the T158A mutation of the KCNJ5 gene produces a marked stimulation in aldosterone biosynthesis that is dependent on membrane depolarization and sodium and calcium influx into the HAC15 adrenal cortical carcinoma cells.
1.2 kbit/s harmonic coder using auditory filters (1999)

In this paper, a very low bit speech coder at 1.2 kbps is newly proposed. Like the LPC vocoder, it only requires gain, pitch, and spectral information, but its quality is far superior. The synthesis method is one of harmonic coding, using sinusoids whose frequencies are multiples of the fundamental frequency, where the amplitudes of the sinusoids are adaptively modulated using gammatone filters as a perceptual weighting filter. The sinusoids' phases are also adjusted so as to maximize the perceptual quality. In order to reduce the total bit rate to 1.2 kbit/s, a new segment coder for spectral information (LSP coefficients) using DP matching is also proposed. The quality of the synthesized speech was improved by 0.45 in the mean opinion score (MOS) compared with that of the simple LPC vocoder operating at the same rate, and it was comparable to that of 2.4 kbit/s MELP coder.
Evaluation Of Optimal Residence Time In A Hot Rolled Reheating Furnace (2011)

To calculate the temperature distribution of the slab in a hot rolled reheating furnace a mathematical model has been developed by considering the thermal radiation in the furnace and transient conduction in the slab. The furnace is modeled as radiating medium with spatially varying temperature. Radiative heat flux within the furnace including the effect of furnace walls, combustion gases, skid beams and buttons is calculated using the FVM and is applied as the boundary condition of the transient conduction equation of the slab. After determining the slab emissivity by comparison between simulation and experimental work, variation of heating characteristics in the slab is investigated in the case of changing furnace temperature with various time and the slab residence time is optimized with this evaluation.
Animal-Assisted Therapy with Adolescents in a Psychiatric Facility (1995)

Reports personal experiences and research findings which suggest that pets may serve various therapeutic functions in working with children and adolescents in a psychiatric environment. Outlines research data on animal-assisted therapy and urges caregivers to include it in their armamentarium of therapeutic aids.
Beyond Hyperacute Rejection (1995)

Fryer, Jonathan P.; Leventhal, Joseph R.; Dalmasso, Agustin P.; Chen, Sally; Simone, Pamela A.; Goswitz, Joseph J.; Reinsmoen, Nancy L.; Matas, Arthur J. Author Information
Electron and Hole Transfer from Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots (2005)

Electron- and hole-transfer reactions are studied in colloidal InP quantum dots (QDs). Photoluminescence quenching and time-resolved transient absorption (TA) measurements are utilized to examine hole transfer from photoexcited InP QDs to the hole acceptor N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and electron transfer to nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) films. Core-confined holes are effectively quenched by TMPD, resulting in a new approximately 4-ps component in the TA decay. It is found that electron transfer to TiO2 is primarily mediated through surface-localized states on the InP QDs.
Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erbstatin, on cell growth and growth‐factor/receptor gene expression in human gastric carcinoma cells (1991)

The effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erbstatin, on cell growth and mRNA expression of growth-factor/receptor system was examined in 6 human gastric-carcinoma cell lines. Erbstatin inhibited both EGF-induced and serum-stimulated cell growth of all 6 cell lines (TMK-1, MKN-1, -7, -28, -45, -74) in a dose-dependent manner. 3H-thymidine incorporation by TMK-1 cells was also suppressed by erbstatin. Erbstatin inhibited protein kinase activity of EGF receptor, p185ERBB2 and pp60c-src in TMK-1 cells. The expression of mRNA of EGF receptor gene and ERBB-2 by TMK-1 cells was not changed by erbstatin treatment, whereas that of c-src was slightly decreased. Interestingly, erbstatin decreased membrane-bound TGF-alpha precursor as measured by anti-TGF-alpha antibody-binding assay, although mRNA expression for TGF-alpha was not altered by erbstatin. Our findings suggest that erbstatin may act as a growth inhibitor for human gastric-carcinoma cells and may not only inhibit tyrosine kinase activities but also negatively modulate the post-transcriptional step of TGF-alpha expression.
pH-Responsive nanodrug encapsulated by tannic acid complex for controlled drug delivery (2017)

Metal ions/polyphenol complexes encapsulated paclitaxel nanodrug with high pH-sensitive drug release property and enhanced antitumor activity was obtained.
Allele-Specific CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing of the Single-Base P23H Mutation for Rhodopsin-Associated Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (2018)

Treatment strategies for dominantly inherited disorders typically involve silencing or ablating the pathogenic allele. CRISPR-Cas nucleases have shown promise in allele-specific knockout approaches when the dominant allele creates unique protospacer adjacent motifs that can lead to allele-restricted targeting. Here, we present a spacer-mediated allele-specific knockout approach that utilizes both SpCas9 variants and truncated single-guide RNAs to achieve efficient discrimination of a single-nucleotide mutation in rhodopsin (<i>Rho</i>)-P23H mice, a model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa. We found that approximately 45% of the mutant P23H allele was edited at the DNA level and that the relative RNA expression of wild-type <i>Rho</i> was about 2.8 times more than that of mutant <i>Rho</i> in treated retinas. Furthermore, the progression of photoreceptor cell degeneration in outer nuclear layer was significantly delayed in treated regions of the <i>Rho</i>-P23H retinas at 5 weeks of age. Our proof-of-concept study therefore outlines a general strategy that could potentially be expanded to examine the therapeutic benefit of allele-specific gene editing approach to treat human P23H patients. Our study also extends allele-specific editing strategies beyond discrimination within the protospacer adjacent motif sites, with potentially broad applicability to other dominant diseases.
Tackling the Objective Inconsistency Problem in Heterogeneous Federated Optimization (2020)

In federated optimization, heterogeneity in the clients' local datasets and computation speeds results in large variations in the number of local updates performed by each client in each communication round. Naive weighted aggregation of such models causes objective inconsistency, that is, the global model converges to a stationary point of a mismatched objective function which can be arbitrarily different from the true objective. This paper provides a general framework to analyze the convergence of federated heterogeneous optimization algorithms. It subsumes previously proposed methods such as FedAvg and FedProx and provides the first principled understanding of the solution bias and the convergence slowdown due to objective inconsistency. Using insights from this analysis, we propose FedNova, a normalized averaging method that eliminates objective inconsistency while preserving fast error convergence.
Estrogen Secretion by the Rat Ovary<i>in Vivo</i>During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy (1969)

Estrogen levels in rat ovarian venous plasma were determined by an intravaginal bioassay. During the estrous cycle, estrogen secretion rate rose in the afternoon of diestrus (the day prior to proestrus) and continued to rise gradually throughout the night of diestrus. Maximal secretion rate was observed between 0500 and 2000 hr of proestrus: 9–11 ng estradiol equivalent (E.E.)/ovary/hr. A major fall in secretion rate was observed between 2000 and 2300 hr of proestrus. Slight rises in secretion rate were observed in the afternoons of estrus and metestrus. The changes in estrogen concentration in ovarian venous plasma were similar but the major peak on the day of proestrus was sharper, being at about 1000 to 1500 hr on account of changes in blood flow. During pregnancy, estrogen secretion rate was generally low except near term. A significant increase in estrogen secretion rate was observed in the afternoon of Day 4 (2.3 ng E.E./ovary/hr); secretion had fallen by the night of the same day. Near term, a rapi...
Nine-band antenna system for mobile phones (2006)

A physically and electrically small system of antennas, installed at the top of a ‘monoblock’ or ‘bar’ phone, is presented. The antennas cover nine bands — five cellular bands, the GPS and Bluetooth/WiFi bands and two future mobile TV bands.
Characterization and comparison of lateral amorphous semiconductors with embedded Frisch grid detectors on 0.18μm CMOS processed substrate for medical imaging applications (2011)

An indirect digital x-ray detector is designed, fabricated, and tested. The detector integrates a high speed, low noise CMOS substrate with two types of amorphous semiconductors on the circuit surface. Using a laterally oriented layout a-Si:H or a-Se can be used to coat the CMOS circuit and provide high speed photoresponse to complement the high speed circuits possible on CMOS technology. The circuit also aims to reduce the effect of slow carriers by integrated a Frisch style grid on the photoconductive layer to screen for the slow carriers. Simulations show a uniform photoresponse for photons absorbed on the top layer and an enhanced response when using a Frisch grid. EQE and noise results are presented. Finally, possible applications and improvements to the area of indirect x-ray imaging that are capable of easily being implemented on the substrate are suggested.
In Vitro Biomechanical Evaluation and Comparison of FiberWire, FiberTape, OrthoFiber, and Nylon Leader Line for Potential Use During Extraarticular Stabilization Of Canine Cruciate Deficient Stifles (2010)

FW, FT, and OF may perform better in reconstructive procedures, where increased strength and stiffness are considered to be beneficial.
Optimization of the transition from connector to PCB board (2013)

A transition from vertically launched coaxial connector to routed trace on board is simulated and optimized to achieve very small reflections for precise TRL calibration. The mismatch of the discontinuities in the transition was reduced by controlling the via-impedance, introducing capacitive via-pads and applying diving boards. Each segment was optimized first, and then the whole cascaded structure was simulated to achieve the optimized smooth signal transition.
α-Arylation of Ketones Using Highly Active, Air-Stable (DtBPF)PdX<sub>2</sub>(X = Cl, Br) Catalysts (2007)

alpha-Arylation of various ketones with aryl chlorides and bromides using the well-defined and air-stable (DtBPF)PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) catalysts gave 80-100% yield of the coupled products under relatively mild conditions at low catalyst loadings. The X-ray structure of (DtBPF)PdCl2 revealed the largest P-Pd-P bite angle (104.2 degrees ) for a ferrocenyl bisphosphine ligand. 31P NMR monitoring of (DtBPF)PdCl2-catalyzed reaction of 4-chlorotoluene with propiophenone indicated that DtBPF remained coordinated in a bidentate mode during the catalytic cycle.
TRPC1-mediated Inhibition of 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Ion Neurotoxicity in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells (2004)

Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila canonical transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been implicated to function as plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels. This study examined the role of TRPC1 in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. SH-SY5Y cells treated with an exogenous neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) significantly decreased TRPC1 protein levels. Confocal microscopy on SH-SY5Y cells treatment with MPP(+) showed decreased plasma membrane staining of TRPC1. Importantly, overexpression of TRPC1 reduced neurotoxicity induced by MPP(+). MPP(+)-induced alpha-synuclein expression was also suppressed by TRPC1 overexpression. Protection of SH-SY5Y cells against MPP(+) was significantly decreased upon the overexpression of antisense TRPC1 cDNA construct or the addition of a nonspecific transient receptor potential channel blocker lanthanum. Activation of TRPC1 by thapsigargin or carbachol decreased MPP(+) neurotoxicity, which was partially dependent on external Ca(2+). Staining of SH-SY5Y cells with an apoptotic marker (YO-PRO-1) showed that TRPC1 protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against apoptosis. Further, TRPC1 overexpression inhibited cytochrome c release and decreased Bax and Apaf-1 protein levels. Interpretation of the above data suggests that reduction in the cell surface expression of TRPC1 following MPP(+) treatment may be involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, TRPC1 may inhibit degenerative apoptotic signaling to provide neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease-inducing agents.
Correlation between the effect of the anti‐neoplastic ether lipid 1‐<i>O</i>‐octadecyl‐2‐<i>O</i>‐methyl‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine on the membrane and the activity of protein kinase Cα (2001)

The antineoplastic ether phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine (ET-18-OCH3) was incorporated into dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine (Myr2Gro-PCho)/dimyristoylglycerophosphoserine (Myr2Gro-PSer) (4 : 1 molar ratio) mixtures. Electron microscopy showed that the addition of ET-18-OCH3 reduced the size of the vesicles. Small vesicles could be detected even at 60 mol% ET-18-OCH3. Sedimentation studies showed the increasing presence of phospholipids in the supernatant, while turbidity measurements indicated a decrease in absorbance as the ET-18-OCH3 concentration was increased. These findings may be explained by the formation of small vesicles and/or mixed micelles. Infrared spectroscopy showed that at 60 mol% the fluidity of the membrane was considerably increased at temperatures below the phase transition, with only a small increase in the proportion of gauche isomers after the gel-to-fluid phase transition of this sample. On the other hand, protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activity progressively decreased when ET-18-OCH3 was incorporated into multilamellar vesicles, reaching a minimum value at 20 mol%, this inhibition being attributed to the modification of the membrane produced by a cone-shaped molecule. At higher concentrations, however, ET-18-OCH3 activated the enzyme with a maximum being attained at 50 mol%. This activation being attributed to the formation of small vesicles and/or micelles. At still higher concentrations of ET-18-OCH3 the enzyme was once again inhibited, inhibition being almost complete at 80 mol%. When PKC was assayed using large unilamellar vesicles a slight activation was observed at very low ET-18-OCH3 concentrations.
Sanyo's Challenges to the Development of High-efficiency HIT Solar Cells and the Expansion of HIT Business (2006)

The world's highest conversion efficiency levels of 21.8% (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> : 0.718 V, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> : 3.852 A, FF: 79.0%, confirmed by AIST) with a practical size of 100.4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been achieved by using the HIT (hetero-junction with intrinsic thin layer) structure. This high efficiency has been mainly realized by the excellent c-Si/a-Si hetero-interface property obtained by our optimized surface cleaning process and high-quality and low-damage a-Si deposition technologies. This excellent c-Si/a-Si hetero-interface of the HIT structure results in a relatively high open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) over 710 mV. Recently, we have succeeded in achieving an outstanding V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> of 730 mV for other efficient HIT solar cells. This result indicates the possibility of further improvement in the conversion efficiency of HIT solar cells. The higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> results in not only a higher conversion efficiency but also an improved temperature coefficient, which is another practical advantage for outdoor use