gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placenta as a reservoir of stem cells: an underutilized resource? (2012)

Understanding the role of placenta stem cells during pregnancy and their paracrine actions could help in the study of some diseases that affect the placenta during pregnancy.
Molecular genetic study of the frequency of monosomy 22q11 in DiGeorge syndrome. (1992)

It is well established that DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) may be associated with monosomy of 22q11-pter. More recently, DNA probes have been used to detect hemizygosity for this region in patients with no visible karyotypic abnormality. However, DGS has also been described in cases where the cytogenetic abnormality does not involve 22q11; for instance, four cases of 10p- have been reported. In this study we have prospectively analyzed patients, by using DNA markers from 22q11, to assess the frequency of 22q11 rearrangements in DGS. Twenty-one of 22 cases had demonstrable hemizygosity for 22q11. Cytogenetic analysis had identified interstitial deletion in 6 of 16 cases tested; in 6 other cases no karyotype was available. When these results are combined with those from our previous studies, 33 of 35 DGS patients had chromosome 22q11 deletions detectable by DNA probes.
Large Volume Cell Electropermeabilization and Electrofusion by a Flow Process (1992)

Since the pionneering work of Neumann and Rosenheck in 1972, cell electropulsation is a very efficient way to permeabilize the cell membrane while keeping the cell viability (Kinosita and Tsong, 1977; Zimmermann, 1982). The electric field when higher than a certain threshold allows the membrane to become permeable to external molecules. In 1982, Neumann et al. reported that Plasmids can be integrated in the genome of the host cell when a cell-DNA mixture was pulsed (Neumann et al., 1982). This physical method, called “electrotransformation”, is under the control of various parameters inherent to the technique and easily adjustable. Cell fusion is routinely used for the obtention of somatic hybrids. This process can be achieved by chemical or viral means but electrofusion, introduced in 1979 (Senda et al, 1979)) appears now as a more efficient technique. It is taken advantage of the observation that strong electric field pulses are able not only to reversibly permeate the cell membrane but, if cells are in close contact, the transient permeability is going to disappear in an intercellular process leading to the cell fusion. Different approaches have been described in order to create the cellular contact (Neumann, Sowers and Jordan, 1989). In our laboratory, we have been pionneering a technique where anchorage dependent cells were pulsed directly on the culture dish (Teissié et al, 1982). When cells are growing in suspension, it was postulated that cells must be in close contact when the field was applied in order to induce the fusion.
Learning Automata - A Survey (1974)

Stochastic automata operating in an unknown random environment have been proposed earlier as models of learning. These automata update their action probabilities in accordance with the inputs received from the environment and can improve their own performance during operation. In this context they are referred to as learning automata. A survey of the available results in the area of learning automata has been attempted in this paper. Attention has been focused on the norms of behavior of learning automata, issues in the design of updating schemes, convergence of the action probabilities, and interaction of several automata. Utilization of learning automata in parameter optimization and hypothesis testing is discussed, and potential areas of application are suggested.
<title>Computed estimation of visual acuity after laser refractive keratectomy</title> (1991)

A number of surgical techniques has been developed to correct ametropia (refractive defaults) of the eye by changing the anterior corneal radius. Because the air-cornea interface makes up for about two-third of the refractive power of the eye, a refractive correction is obtained by a suitable photoablation of the cornea. For this purpose, e.g., an ArF excimer laser which emits a wavelength of 193 nm is being used. After a mechanical removal of the epithelium, the Bowman's layer and the corneal stroma are photoablated on typically 50% of the central surface of the cornea with various precomputed shapes. Methods using a variable diaphragm1 or a scanning slit2 are being utilized. After regrowth of the epithelium, a smooth interface with air develops itself, which can be attributed to a mechanical equilibration. Yet, SEM studies have shown that with such kind of treatments, irregularities can remain in the new stromal surface (Fig. 1). A possible explanation for this effect is associated with an inhomogeneous energy distribution of the laser beam profile3. To some extent, the stromal surface is equalized by the epithelial layer during healing& However, as the corneal epithelium and stroma have different refractive indices, a scatter of the incident light may result causing a haze in the cornea and a blur of the image at the retina. In such a case the resolution and the contrast performance of the eye which is expected from a successful operation, may be reduced. This study is an attempt to quantify the vision blur as a function of the deformation observed at the epithelium-stroma interface.
Using combinational verification for sequential circuits (1999)

Retiming combined with combinational optimization is a powerful sequential synthesis method. However, this methodology has not found wide application because formal sequential verification is not practical and current simulation methodology requires the correspondence of latches disallowing any movement of latches. We present a practical verification technique which permits such sequential synthesis for a class of circuits. In particular, we require certain constraints to be met on the feedback paths of the latches involved in the retiming process. For a general circuit, we can satisfy these constraints by fixing the location of some latches, e.g., by making them observable. We show that equivalence checking after performing repeated retiming and synthesis on this class of circuit reduces to a combinational verification problem. We also demonstrate that our methodology covers a large class of circuits by applying it to a set of benchmarks and industrial designs.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Micro-Doppler Signatures With Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of recognizing human hand gestures using micro-Doppler signatures measured by Doppler radar with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Hand gesture recognition using radar can be applied to control electronic appliances. Compared with an optical recognition system, radar can work regardless of light conditions and it can be embedded in a case. We classify ten different hand gestures, with only micro-Doppler signatures on spectrograms without range information. The ten gestures, which included swiping from left to right, swiping from right to left, rotating clockwise, rotating counterclockwise, pushing, double pushing, holding, and double holding, were measured using Doppler radar and their spectrograms investigated. A DCNN was employed to classify the spectrograms, with 90% of the data utilized for training and the remaining 10% for validation. After five-fold validation, the classification accuracy of the proposed method was found to be 85.6%. With seven gestures, the accuracy increased to 93.1%.
A three-dimensional model of the mandible using two-dimensional CT images (2005)

In dentistry, instead of conventional prosthetic applications, dental implant prostheses have recently been used in edentate patients. Biomechanical effects are known to be one of the most important factors in the failure of these implants. In this work, a three-dimensional model of the edentate mandible is formed to use in three-dimensional finite element method for the stress analysis of chewing forces. The computerized three-dimensional solid geometric mandible model is formed by using commercially available CAD tools on a series of two-dimensional CT images obtained from a Hi-speed CT/I imaging system. Satisfactory results on several implant schemes on this model are obtained by applying various critical chewing forces.
trans-6-Nonen-l-ol Acetate: An Ovipositional Attractant and Stimulant of the Melon Fly1 (1973)

Journal Article trans-6-Nonen-l-ol Acetate: An Ovipositional Attractant and Stimulant of the Melon Fly Get access Irving Keiser, Irving Keiser Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard M. Kobayashi, Richard M. Kobayashi Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Doris H. Miyashita, Doris H. Miyashita Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Jacobson, Martin Jacobson Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernest J. Harris, Ernest J. Harris Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Derrell L. Chambers Derrell L. Chambers 4 Hawaiian Fruit Flies Investigations, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 4Present address, Gainsville, FL 32601. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 66, Issue 6, 1 December 1973, Pages 1355–1356, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/66.6.1355 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 21 May 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
TSG101: A Novel Anti-HIV-1 Drug Target (2010)

The life cycle of HIV-1 requires extensive assistance from the host cell proteins and pathways. TSG101 is one of the cellular proteins involved in the budding process of HIV-1, and plays an important role in the cellular vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathway. Its main function being recognizing ubiquitinated cargo, TSG101 also proved to be essential for the budding process of HIV-1 virions. In this process, TSG101 is recruited from internal site of the infected cell to the budding site to aid in the release of the HIV-1 virus particles. Depletion of TSG101 from virus-producing cells can lead to a budding defect. Therefore, TSG101 is a potentially new attractive target for therapeutic intervention in AIDS. This review describes the structure and function of TSG101 and latest progress in the discovery of TSG101-directed HIV-1 inhibitors.
Biofeedback computer game-based training (2005)

The application of multimedia technology has been many in our every-day life. In 2004, using the concept of the biofeedback computer game-based training the authors of this paper started a project at Monash University Malaysia to help students de-stress in order to improve academic performance. This paper describes the development of a new set of multimedia applications that combine a biofeedback technology and a concept of music therapy in a game-based training for stress management. This paper also aims to present a pattern for using the iterative model of a software development process The paper concludes with a discussion about further research and development in this area
Measuring Test Bench with Adjustable Thermal Connection of Cells to Their Neighbors and a New Model Approach for Parallel-Connected Cells (2019)

This article presents a test bench with variable temperature control of the individual cells connected in parallel. This allows to reconstruct arising temperature gradients in a battery module and to investigate their effects on the current distribution. The influence of additional contact resistances induced by the test bench is determined and minimized. The contact resistances are reduced from R Tab + = 81.18 μ Ω to R Tab + = 55.15 μ Ω at the positive respectively from R Tab − = 35.59 μ Ω to R Tab − = 28.2 μ Ω at the negative tab by mechanical and chemical treating. An increase of the contact resistance at the positive tab is prevented by air seal of the contact. The resistance of the load cable must not be arbitrarily small, as the cable is used as a shunt for current measurement. In order to investigate their impacts, measurements with two parallel-connected cells and different load cables with a resistance of R Cab + = 0.3 m Ω , R Cab + = 1.6 m Ω and R Cab + = 4.35 m Ω are conducted. A shift to lower current differences with decreasing cable resistance but qualitatively the same dynamic of the current distribution is found. An extended dual polarization model is introduced, considering the current distribution within the cells as well as the additional resistances induced by the test bench. The model shows a high correspondence to measurements with two parallel-connected cells, with a Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of ξ RMSD = 0.083 A.
A new interpretation of the structure of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as revealed through characterization of oligoglycosylalditol fragments by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1995)

Previous structural analysis of small oligosaccharide fragments had allowed the recognition of several small structural motifs within arabinogalactan, the dominant cell was structural polysaccharide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To determine how these motifs are connected to one another to form the complete polymer, oligosaccharide fragments containing up to 26 glycosyl residues were released by gentle acid hydrolysis of the per-O-methylated arabinogalactan, converted to fully per-O-alkylated oligoglycosylalditols, and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weights and alkylation patterns of the resultant oligoglycosyl fragments were determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The results, combined with previous studies, allowed further understanding of the intricate structural features of the nonreducing ends of arabinogalactan. Thus, the extended nonreducing ends of the arabinan were shown to consist of a tricosaarabinoside (23-mer). We reason that three such arabinan motifs are attached to the homogalactan component or arabinogalactan, which was previously shown to consist of alternating 5- and 6-linked beta-D-galactofuranosyl residues. Using the same approach as applied to the arabinan branches, an extended stretch of the galactan was isolated that consisted of at least 23 alternating beta-1,6 and beta-1,5 D-Galf residues, devoid of any branching, demonstrating that the points of attachment of the arabinan chains to galactan are close to the reducing end of galactan, which itself is linked to peptidoglycan via the linker disaccharide phosphate L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GlcNAc-P. By nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the L-Rhap was shown to be in the alpha configuration. The long-chain alpha-alkyl-beta-hydroxy mycolic acids, known to occupy the 5-positions of both the terminal beta-D-Araf and internal 2-alpha-D-Araf residues of the terminal branched pentaarabinosyl motif, are now shown to be nonacylated at the beta-hydroxy function. Lack of acylation points to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the beta-hydroxyl and carbonyl functions of the mycolic acid, providing a highly ordered arrangement of mycolic acids in accord with evolving models of the orientation of the cell wall polymers in mycobacterial cell walls. A revised model is proposed for the composition and orientation of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan in the cell walls of M. tuberculosis, which should increase our understanding of cell wall hydrophobicity, impermeability, and role in disease pathogenesis.
CD40 expressed on thymic epithelial cells provides costimulation for proliferation but not for apoptosis of human thymocytes (1996)

Human thymic epithelial cells express CD40, so we examined the possible role of CD40 in activation of thymocytes. We observed that both CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ thymocytes proliferate after stimulation by anti-CD3 mAb in the presence of cultured thymic epithelial cells. Costimulation of CD4+ thymocytes by thymic epithelial cells is partly inhibited by an anti-CD40 mAb, but this mAb has no effect on costimulation of CD8+ thymocytes. The selective costimulatory ability of CD40 for CD4+ thymocytes was confirmed in experiments in which thymocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3 in the presence of murine P815 cells transfected with CD40 cDNA. The level of costimulation induced by P815-CD40 was comparable with that induced by P815 cells expressing CD80 (B7.1). Treatment of thymocytes with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin and the phorbol ester PMA or with anti-CD3 mAb resulted in up-regulation of the CD40 ligand, suggesting that this molecule is involved in CD40-mediated costimulation of human thymocytes. Costimulation of thymocytes by CD80 strongly increased anti-CD3-induced death of fetal thymocytes. In contrast, costimulation by CD40 did not increase anti-CD3-mediated apoptosis of these thymocytes. To confirm that CD40 does not affect anti-CD3-induced cell death, we established a variant of the Jurkat T leukemic cell line that constitutively expresses CD40L and analyzed the sensitivity of this cell line for activation-induced apoptosis. In contrast to CD80, CD40 failed to increase anti-CD3-mediated apoptosis in CD40L+ Jurkat cells, whereas both CD40 and CD80 strongly increased IL-2 production induced by anti-CD3. These findings suggest that costimulation by CD40 is involved in clonal expansion of CD4+ thymocytes but not in activation-induced cell death.
Effects of processing conditions on rheological, thermal, and electrical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites (2011)

Abstract We report on the effect of processing conditions on rheology, thermal and electrical properties of nanocomposites containing 0.02–0.3 wt % multiwall carbon nanotubes in an epoxy resin. The influence of the sonication, the surface functionalization during mixing, as well as the application of external magnetic field (EMF) throughout the curing process was examined. Rheological tests combined with optical microscopy visualization are proved as a very useful methodology to determine the optimal processing conditions for the preparation of the nanocomposites. The Raman spectra provide evidence for more pronounced effect on the functionalized with hardener compositions, particularly by curing upon application of EMF. Different chain morphology of CNTs is created depending of the preparation conditions, which induced different effects on the thermal and electrical properties of the nanocomposites. The thermal degradation peak is significantly shifted towards higher temperatures by increasing the nanotube content, this confirming that even the small amount of carbon nanotubes produces a strong barrier effect for the volatile products during the degradation. The ac conductivity measurements revealed lower values of the percolation threshold (pc) in the range of 0.03–0.05 wt %. CNTs for the nanocomposites produced by preliminary dispersing of nanotubes in the epoxy resin, compared to those prepared by preliminary functionalization of the nanotubes in the amine hardener. This is attributed to the higher viscosity and stronger interfacial interactions of the amine hardener/CNT dispersion which restricts the reorganization of the nanotubes. The application of the EMF does not influence the pc value but the dc conductivity values (σ dc ) of the nanocomposites increased at about one order of magnitude due to the development of the aforementioned chain structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Potential Anti-Influenza Virus Agents Based on Coffee Ingredients and Natural Flavonols (2014)

Natural phenolic compounds have been reported to directly inhibit influenza virus. Nonetheless, there have been no reports on the direct inhibitory effects of coffee ingredients. Here, we fractionated the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of coffee. The hydrophobic fraction directly inhibited both a seasonal influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/24(H1N1) virus and a neuraminidase-resistant influenza A/Yokohama/77/2008(H1N1) virus infection in a dosedependent manner, while the hydrophilic fraction did not show any inhibitory effects, even at concentrations above 100 g/ml. The HPLC profile of the hydrophobic fraction indicated that caffeine is the major component. Indeed, caffeine alone showed comparable anti-influenza virus activity. Interestingly, caffeic acid also inhibited viral infection, while chlorogenic acid, which is an ester of caffeic acid and (-)-quinic acid, showed no obvious antiviral effect at less than 2 mg/ml. We previously reported a method for enhancing the anti-influenza virus activity of epigallocatechin gallate, a major tea catechin, by lipase-catalyzed acylation. Using this methodology, we synthesized fatty acid esters of caffeic acid and evaluated their influenza virus-inhibitory effects. It was found that dioctanoyl ester of caffeic acid exhibited approximately 38-fold higher direct antiviral activity. To understand the essential structure required for virus inhibition, we further examined the antiviral activity of natural flavonoids containing either the caffeic acid skeleton or its analogous structure. Flavonols (quercetin, myricetin and morin) and hexahydrobenzophenone containing extended planar pi-conjugated systems efficiently inhibited the virus infection. Flavonoids possessing both radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity tended to show higher antiviral activity, probably due to their affinity with viral surface factors. On the other hand, there was no apparent correlation between their antiviral activity and antioxidative activity. These findings provide insight into the design of anti-influenza virus agents from natural polyphenols.
29-21 (2022)

Rare earth ions are actively investigated as optically addressable spin systems for quantum technologies thanks to their long optical and spin coherence lifetimes. 171Yb3+, which has 1/2 electron and nuclear spins, recently raised interest for its simple hyperfine structure that moreover can result in long coherence lifetimes at zero magnetic field, an unusual property for paramagnetic rare earth ions. Here, we report on the optical inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidths in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 (site 2) for different doping concentrations. While inhomogeneous linewidth is not correlated to 171Yb3+ concentration, the homogeneous one strongly decreases between 10 and 2 ppm doping level, reaching 255 Hz at 3 K. This is attributed to a slowing down of 171Yb3+ ground state spin flip-flops.
Concept of a reflective power limiter based on nonlinear localized modes (2014)

Optical limiters are designed to transmit low-intensity light, while blocking the light with excessively high intensity. A typical passive limiter absorbs excessive electromagnetic energy, which can cause its overheating and destruction. We propose the concept of a photonic reflective limiter based on resonance transmission via a localized mode. Such a limiter does not absorb the high-level radiation, but rather reflects it back to space. Importantly, the nearly total reflection occurs within a broad frequency range and direction of incidence. The same concept can be applied to infrared and microwave frequencies.