gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Performance and Field Experience with Super Duplex and Super Austenitic Stainless Steels in FGD Systems (2000)

Abstract A brief description of the process utilized in flue gas scrubbing systems is presented and the corrosion risks are analyzed in relation with the local environments wich are supposed to exist in the main parts of the installation. Then, Uniform and Localized corrosion performance of welded and non welded super-austenitic and super-duplex stainless steels are investigated and compared to nickel base alloys in laboratory conditions simulating actual flue gas desulfurization environments. The main corrosion determining parameters investigated are pH, chloride and fluoride concentration as well as temperature. Results gained from these tests were combined to field experience to design materials selection charts taking into account corrosion risks in various zones of scrubbers. Finally, field experience and references are presented.
Finite-element analysis for model parameters distributed on a hierarchy of geometric simplices (2017)

A resurgence of interest in the problem of electrical or electromagnetic scattering from thin conductors, either on a line or in a plane, has been motivated in recent years by time-lapse fracture monitoring in the near surface, enhanced geothermal reservoirs, and unconventional hydrocarbon plays. However, finite-element modeling of small electrical features in large computational domains results in a disproportionately large number of elements concentrated in a volumetrically insignificant fraction of the mesh, and it focuses computational resources away from areas of interest elsewhere, such as receiver locations. We have developed a novel hierarchical electrical model is proposed for unstructured tetrahedral finite-element meshes, in which the usual volume-based conductivity on tetrahedra is augmented by facet- and edge-based conductivity on the infinitesimally thin regions between elements. Doing so allows a slender borehole casing of arbitrary shape to be coarsely approximated by set of connected edges on which a conductivity-area product is explicitly defined. Similarly, conductive fractures are approximated by a small number of connected facets that, together, may warp and bend with the mesh topology at no added cost of localized mesh refinement. Benchmarking tests of the direct current (DC) resistivity problem indicate excellent agreement between the facet/edge representations and independent analytic solutions. Consistency tests are also favorable between the facet/edge and volume representations. Building on prior work in DC modeling of a single horizontal well, a multilateral well casing and fracture set is simulated, yielding estimates of borehole casing voltage and surface electric fields measurable with existing sensor technology. Finally, the implications on broadband electromagnetic simulation with the proposed hierarchical conductivity model are discussed — in particular, its utility for describing variations in the magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity.
Glucan-binding Proteins of Streptococcus mutatis Serotype c (1979)

Three glucan-binding proteins have been isolated from the extracellular fluid cultures of Streptococcus mutans serotype c. These proteins were adsorbed to glucans containing 1,3-alpha or 1,6-alpha bonds and linked to various chromatographic supports: they were eluted from columns by a dextran solution. Glucosyltransferase activity was associated with two of the glucan-binding proteins.
Arithmetic-based address translation for energy-efficient virtual memory support in low-power, real-time embedded systems (2005)

In this paper, we present an arithmetic-based address translation scheme for low-power and real-time embedded processors with virtual memory support. General-purpose virtual memory support comes with its fundamental disadvantages of excessive power consumption and nondeterministic execution times. These disadvantages have been the main reason for not adopting virtual memory and its associated benefits in embedded systems where energy efficiency and real-time operations are major requirements. To address these issues, we propose a novel scheme for application-driven address translation where most of the virtual address translations, which are traditionally performed as lookups in the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB), are replaced with fast and energy efficient arithmetic add operations. To achieve this, a program and system-wide information is used to identify sequences of consecutive virtual page numbers, which are mapped to sequences of consecutive physical page frames. For such pairs of virtual and physical page sequences, only the addition of a constant to the virtual page number is needed to produce the physical page frame. The proposed methodology relies on the combined efforts of compiler, operating system, and hardware architecture to achieve a significant power reduction. As the approach fundamentally eliminates conflicts inherent in the hardware translation table, execution time is not only improved but also made predictable during system design time. The experiments that we have performed on a set of embedded applications show power reductions in the range of 80% to 95% compared to a general-purpose Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB).
Building a Multi-tenant Cloud Service from Legacy Code with Docker Containers (2015)

In this paper we address the problem of migrating a legacy Web application to a cloud service. We develop a reusable architectural pattern to do so and validate it with a case study of the Beta release of the IBM Bluemix Workflow Service [1] (herein referred to as the Beta Workflow service). It uses Docker [2] containers and a Cloudant [3] persistence layer to deliver a multi-tenant cloud service by re-using a legacy codebase. We are not aware of any literature that addresses this problem by using containers.The Beta Workflow service provides a scalable, stateful, highly available engine to compose services with REST APIs. The composition is modeled as a graph but authored in a Javascript-based domain specific language that specifies a set of activities and control flow links among these activities. The primitive activities in the language can be used to respond to HTTP REST requests, invoke services with REST APIs, and execute Javascript code to, among other uses, extract and construct the data inputs and outputs to external services, and make calls to these services.Examples of workflows that have been built using the service include distributing surveys and coupons to customers of a retail store [1], the management of sales requests between a salesperson and their regional managers, managing the staged deployment of different versions of an application, and the coordinated transfer of jobs among case workers.
A design technique of balanced longitudinal coupled mode SAW filters for RF-stage with a desired matching impedance (2004)

A design technique for balanced longitudinal coupled mode SAW filters, in which the matching impedance can be easily controlled, has been developed. This is achieved by adoption of a divided IDT structure for the center IDT of the filter, which has three IDTs. The center IDT is connected to the balanced terminal. The IDTs on the both sides are connected to the unbalanced terminal. The center IDT is divided into three divided IDT portions, which are connected in series/parallel. It can make the impedance higher than that of the original filter. The finger number ratio for the divided IDTs can control the impedance. Applying this technique to a center IDT of 50ohm design, the matching impedance in the range approximately from 50ohm to 200ohm can be realized.
Application of Volatility Diagrams for Low Temperature, Dry Etching, and Planarization of Copper (2002)

A thermodynamic analysis of the dry etching process for copper using halides is undertaken with the development of volatility diagrams. The construction of such diagrams for the Cu-Cl system is illustrated for temperatures ranging from 50 to 200°C. The copper condensed phase species and the partial pressures of the predominant copper vapor phase species are depicted on these diagrams as a function of the partial pressure of chlorine at various temperatures. From these diagrams, it is apparent that reactive ion etching (RIE) of copper based on a procedure previously utilized for aluminum, is inefficient at temperatures less than 200°C. However, closer examination of the metastable equilibrium line between condensed and gaseous reveals the possibility of extremely high etch rates at low temperatures, if a reducing environment based on hydrogen is utilized for etching The design of a multistep, low temperature RIE process for copper, that first requires the formation of condensed followed by the hydrogen based etching of condensed (and hence copper) due to the formation of gas, is discussed. Some important aspects for the successful implementation of this etching scheme are considered. The further utilization of this process for the purpose of reactive ion planarization of copper as a potential replacement for the problematic chemical mechanical planarization step in the damascene process, is also suggested. The role of capillarity effects in this dry planarization process is discussed briefly. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Modeling the User Interface of Web Applications with UML (2001)

Today&apos;s User Interfaces (UIs) are complex software components, which play an essential role in the usability of an application. The development of UIs requires therefore, not only guidelines and best practice reports, but also a development process including the elaboration of visual models and a standardized notation for this visualization.
Timeline (2018)

Before the Common Era (bce) [Some dates are estimates] 19th–17th centuries: Biblical Patriarchs and Matriarchs 1792–1750: Hammurabi [Babylonian king] 1312: Exodus from Egypt 13th century: Israelite conquest of Canaan 1150–1025: Period of the Judges 1025–1007: King Saul 1010–970: King David 1001–931: King Solomon 1000 (or before): Pre-Monarchic period 960: Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem completed 931: Split between Northern Kingdom of Israel and Southern Kingdom of Judah 740–722: Kingdom of Israel falls to Assyrians 701: Assyrian ruler Sennacherib besieges Jerusalem 649–609: King Josiah of Judah 586: Jerusalem falls to Nebuchadnezzar and destruction of Temple 539: Cyrus, King of Persia allows Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild Temple 516: Second Temple consecrated 460: Reforms of Ezra 356–323: Alexander the Great 320–168: Judaism under Greek Ptolemies and Seleucids 250: Septuagint translation of Torah into Greek 200–135: Qumran community 167/66: Maccabean War 164: Dedication of the Temple 157–129: Hasmonean dynasty 129/28: John Hyrcanus establishes independent Jewish State 120–220: Parthians 63: Pompeii conquers Palestine 37–34: Herod the Great 62425 bce–50 ce Philo of Alexandria 4 bce–c. 33 ce (?): Jesus of Nazareth
Desulfurization of fuel oil by oxidation and extraction. 2. Kinetic modeling of oxidation reaction (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesulfurization of fuel oil by oxidation and extraction. 2. Kinetic modeling of oxidation reactionPatrick S. Tam, James R. Kittrell, and John W. EldridgeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 3, 324–329Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00099a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00099a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reaction of Epoxides with Thiourea<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Epoxides with Thiourea1F. G. Bordwell and Harry M. AndersenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 20, 4959–4962Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01116a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01116a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue selective inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by etodolac. (1997)

Inflammation is a complex process involving numerous mediators. Because prostaglandins (PG) have been implicated as mediators in all stages of inflammation, inhibition of their synthesis provides the basis for the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Treatment with NSAID is usually accompanied by gastric side effects, attributed to interference with the formation of cytoprotective PG in gastric mucosa. An ideal NSAID should inhibit PG synthesis at the site(s) of inflammation but not in gastric mucosa. Experimental and clinical data support the view that this criterion has been met by etodolac, a structurally distinct NSAID. Thus, in rats and humans with rheumatoid arthritis, longterm daily administration of etodolac at effective antiinflammatory dosages (3 mg/kg in rats; 600 mg in humans) had no effect on PGF2 and prostacyclin levels in gastric mucosa. In contrast, significant decreases in gastric PG levels occurred with antiinflammatory doses of aspirin, naproxen, and piroxicam. Cyclooxygenase (COX), the pivotal enzyme in PG biosynthesis, exists in 2 isoforms: constitutive COX-1, which produces the PG required for maintenance of normal cell activity (e.g., gastric cytoprotection), and COX-2, which is induced in restricted tissue-specific fashion (e.g., by inflammatory stimuli). The antiinflammatory action of NSAID may result from inhibition of COX-2, whereas their gastric side effects may result in large part from inhibition of COX-1; thus, a preferred NSAID should inhibit COX-2 but not COX-1. Results show that etodolac has 10-fold selectivity for COX-2 and indicate that etodolac's pharmacotherapeutic efficacy can be explained by its demonstrably selective inhibition of COX-2, amplified by its favorable tissular pharmacokinetics. The sparing of COX-1 activity in gastric mucosa gives rise to etodolac's noted gastric tolerance.
Supplementation with vitamins C, E, β‐carotene and selenium has no effect on anti‐oxidant status and immune responses in allergic adults: a randomized controlled trial (2007)

Supplementation with anti-oxidants resulted in significantly increased levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene and selenium but no change in immune responses, serum AC or plasma F(2)-isoprostanes.
Exploratory Factor Analysis: Its Role in Item Analysis (1997)

The special characteristics of items-low reliability, confounds by minor, unwanted covariance, and the likelihood of a general factor-and better understanding of factor analysis means that the default procedure of many statistical packages (Little Jiffy) is no longer adequate for exploratory item factor analysis. It produces too many factors and precludes a general factor even when that means the factors extracted are nonreplicable. More appropriate procedures that reduce these problems are presented, along with how to select the sample, sample size required, and how to select items for scales. Proposed scales can be evaluated by their correlations with the factors; a new procedure for doing so eliminates the biased values produced by correlating them with either total or factor scores. The role of exploratory factor analysis relative to cluster analysis and confirmatory factor analysis is noted.
Supporting Information Needs by Ostensive Definition in an Adaptive Information Space (1995)

In this report I describe those characteristics of information needs that I consider to be the most important for their effective modelling in Information Retrieval (IR). Using these characteristics as terms of reference, I highlight inadequacies of current IR approaches. I propose a new approach that is not only a hybrid of positive aspects of the existing approaches, but that also embodies a significant and novel addition - the ostensive definition of developing information needs. The new approach displays interesting properties - eg the contextual interpretation of information items. I describe these properties and explain why I feel it makes a more appropriate model for the provision of an environment in which to perform searching tasks. I believe that it will facilitate less formal, more spontaneous access to stored information, and that it will reduce the difference in degrees of effectiveness attained by users of varied experience. It has important media, language, and domain independence characteristics that make it particularly suitable for the next generation of information systems. The approach, centred around a graphical interaction environment, brings with it new, possibly unique, problems in visualisation - challenging one of the accepted assumptions of information spaces.
A Hybrid Resource Management Technique for Energy and QoS Optimization in Fractional Frequency Reuse Based Cellular Networks (2013)

This paper presents a new technique for jointly optimizing energy consumption and quality of service (QoS) in heterogeneous cellular networks employing fractional frequency reuse (FFR) in the macrocell tier. The proposed technique combines radio resource management (RRM) and network routing principles to produce an effective way of utilizing the spectrum. Based on a novel method of interference mapping, the RRM is invoked, in distributed or centralized manner, to allocate the resource. In the case of centralized RRM, network routing is applied to maximize spectrum utilization. It will be shown through matching mathematical analysis and computer simulations that, relative to existing well known techniques, the proposed technique offers significant QoS improvements, in terms of guaranteed data rate per user, as well as, enhancements in the overall energy efficiency of the network.
Membraneless Gas-Separation Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Direct Quantitation of Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds (2016)

This work presents new chemical sensing devices called "membraneless gas-separation microfluidic paper-based analytical devices" (MBL-GS μPADs). MBL-GS μPADs were designed to make fabrication of the devices simple and user-friendly. MBL-GS μPADs offer direct quantitative analysis of volatile and nonvolatile compounds. Porous hydrophobic membrane is not needed for gas-separation, which makes fabrication of the device simple, rapid and low-cost. A MBL-GS μPAD consists of three layers: "donor layer", "spacer layer", and "acceptor layer". The donor and acceptor layers are made of filter paper with a printed pattern. The donor and acceptor layers are mounted together with a spacer layer in between. This spacer is a two-sided mounting tape, 0.8 mm thick, with a small disc cut out for the gas from the donor zone to diffuse to the acceptor zone. Photographic image of the color that is formed by the reagent in the acceptor layer is analyzed using the ImageJ program for quantitation. Proof of concept of the MBL-GS μPADs was demonstrated by analyzing standard solutions of ethanol, sulfide, and ammonium. Optimization of the MBL-GS μPADs was carried out for direct determination of ammonium in wastewaters and fertilizers to demonstrate the applicability of the system to real samples.
Deconvoluting Steric and Electronic Substituent Effects on the Properties of Linear Oligostannanes:  Synthesis and Characterization of a New Series Incorporating the Bu<sup>t</sup><sub>2</sub>Sn Group (1998)

The synthesis and full characterization, including detailed 119Sn NMR analysis, of the new series of oligostannanes X−Bun2Sn−[Bun2Sn]m−But2Sn−[Bun2Sn]n−SnBun2CH2CH2OEt (1a, X = 2-ethoxyethyl, m = n = 0; 2a, X = Bun, m = 0, n = 1; 3a, X = 2-ethoxyethyl, m = n = 1; 4a, X = Bun, m = 1, n = 2; 5a, X = 2-ethoxyethyl, m = n = 2; 6a, X = 2-ethoxyethyl, m = n = 3) that incorporate a single But2Sn group are reported. Comparison of this new spectroscopic database, in particular, electronic spectra and 119Sn NMR parameters, with those obtained for known analogous per-n-butylated derivatives, including the three compounds EtOCH2CH2Bun2Sn−[Bun2Sn]n−SnBun2CH2CH2OEt (1c (n = 1), 2c (n = 2), and 3c (n = 3)), which are prepared for the first time in pure form, suggest that 1a−6a are free of structural distortions caused by steric interactions between substituents on adjacent tin atoms. Accordingly, dramatic perturbations that are observed in the 1J(119Sn−119Sn) values for Sn−Sn bonds that incorporate the But2Sn group in these compounds, relative to the per-n-butyl derivatives, are proposed to arise from an electronic effect of the tert-butyl substituent.
Electronic Stuctures: Mechanically Guided Post‐Assembly of 3D Electronic Systems (Adv. Funct. Mater. 48/2018) (2018)

In article number 1803149, Yonggang Huang, Yihui Zhang, John A. Rogers, and co-workers present deterministic assembly processes for transforming conventional, planar devices based on flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) platforms into those with 3D architectures in a manner that is fully compatible with off-the-shelf packaged or unpackaged component parts. The strategy to 3D FPCB technologies creates immediate opportunities for designs in multifunctional systems that leverage state-of-the-art components.
Inhibiting eukaryotic transcription. Which compound to choose? How to evaluate its activity? (2011)

This review first discusses ways in which we can evaluate transcription inhibition, describe changes in nuclear structure due to transcription inhibition, and report on genes that are paradoxically stimulated by transcription inhibition. Next, it summarizes the characteristics and mechanisms of commonly used inhibitors: α-amanitin is highly selective for RNAP II and RNAP III but its action is slow, actinomycin D is fast but its selectivity is poor, CDK9 inhibitors such as DRB and flavopiridol are fast and reversible but many genes escape transcription inhibition. New compounds, such as triptolide, are fast and selective and able to completely arrest transcription by triggering rapid degradation of RNAP II.