gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Talk between Protein Kinase C-α (PKC-α) and -δ (PKC-δ):  PKC-α Elevates the PKC-δ Protein Level, Altering Its mRNA Transcription and Degradation (1998)

Studies utilizing the overexpression of individual isoforms indicated that both PKC-alpha and -delta promote a number of biological effects, including inhibition of DNA synthesis associated with rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton in the murine B-cell lymphoma (Baf3), differentiation of the murine promyelocyte line 32D, and activation of MAP kinase in CHO fibroblasts. We postulated that these results reflect some form of cross-regulation between PKC-alpha and -delta rather than their functional redundancy. In this report, we show that overexpression of PKC-alpha in Baf3 and 32D leads to an elevation of the endogenous PKC-delta mRNA and protein levels. The elevated steady-state PKC-delta mRNA level results from a combination of increased PKC-delta transcription and mRNA stability. Upregulation of PKC-delta mRNA by PKC-alpha occurs even after a selective depletion of the PKC-delta protein. In addition, phorbol ester-induced elevation of PKC-delta mRNA and protein levels can be prevented by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, an indication of the requirement for PKC kinase activity. Inhibition of new protein synthesis by cycloheximide showed that upregulation of PKC-delta mRNA, as opposed to delayed downregulation of the PKC-delta protein, is primarily responsible for the accumulation of this isoform by PKC-alpha. In parental Baf3 and 32D cells and PKC-alpha overexpressers, PKC-alpha and PKC-delta are uniquely involved in cross-regulation, while PKC-epsilon, PKC-eta, and PKC-mu are not.
Magnetic photonic crystals (2003)

In this paper we outline a new direction in the area of photonic crystals (PCs), or photonic band gap materials, i.e. one-, two-, or three-dimensional superstructures with periods that are comparable with the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The main (and principal) characteristic of this new class of PCs is the presence of magnetically ordered components (or extemal magnetic field). The linear and nonlinear optical properties of such magnetic PCs are discussed.
Estimation of the differential pulse propagation times in two-color laser ranging systems (1986)

Two-color laser ranging systems can be used to determine the atmospheric delay by measuring the difference in propagation times between two optical pulses transmitted at two different wavelengths. In this paper, the performance of a cross-correlation technique for estimating the differential propagation time is analyzed by considering both speckle and shot noise. For the flat diffuse targets, the differential timing accuracy is highly dependent on the receiver bandwidth and the characteristics of the time-resolved speckle. At low signal levels, when the receiver bandwidth is chosen properly, the performance of the correlation estimator is comparable with that of the maximum-likelihood estimator. At high signal levels, however, speckle places a fundamental limit on the performance of the correlation estimator. For the cube-corner reflector arrays, timing performance is dominated by partially developed speckle. The differential propagation time cannot by resolved to better than the pulse widths of the received signals.
Human diabetic neovascular membranes contain high levels of urokinase and metalloproteinase enzymes. (1999)

Human diabetic neovascular membranes contain high levels of urokinase and MMP. The increased activity of proteinases in the final common pathway of retinal neovascularization indicates that inhibition of these enzymes may be a useful therapeutic target as an alternative approach in the management of proliferative retinopathies.
Novel monoterpene disaccharide glycosides of Vitis vinifera grapes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel monoterpene disaccharide glycosides of Vitis vinifera grapesStephane G. Voirin, Raymond L. Baumes, Sylvaine M. Bitteur, Ziya Y. Gunata, and Claude L. BayonoveCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 6, 1373–1378Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00096a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (780 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
[One-stage operation for pelvis and acetabular fractures combined with Morel-Lavallée injury by internal fixation associated with vacuum sealing drainage]. (2014)

To pelvis-acetabular fractures combined with Morel-Lavallée injury, internal fixation treatment for fracture and VSD for Morel-Lavallée injury not only can cure merge Morel-Lavallée injury effectively, but also can guarantee the operation timing and incision safty of the pelvis-acetabular fractures.
Measuring and Understanding Extreme-Scale Application Resilience: A Field Study of 5,000,000 HPC Application Runs (2015)

This paper presents an in-depth characterization of the resiliency of more than 5 million HPC application runs completed during the first 518 production days of Blue Waters, a 13.1 petaflop Cray hybrid supercomputer. Unlike past work, we measure the impact of system errors and failures on user applications, i.e., the compiled programs launched by user jobs that can execute across one or more XE (CPU) or XK (CPU+GPU) nodes. The characterization is performed by means of a joint analysis of several data sources, which include workload and error/failure logs. In order to relate system errors and failures to the executed applications, we developed LogDiver, a tool to automate the data pre-processing and metric computation. Some of the lessons learned in this study include: i) while about 1.53% of applications fail due to system problems, the failed applications contribute to about 9% of the production node hours executed in the measured period, i.e., the system consumes computing resources, and system-related issues represent a potentially significant energy cost for the work lost, ii) there is a dramatic increase in the application failure probability when executing full-scale applications: 20x (from 0.008 to 0.162) when scaling XE applications from 10,000 to 22,000 nodes, and 6x (from 0.02 to 0.129) when scaling GPU/hybrid applications from 2000 to 4224 nodes, and iii) the resiliency of hybrid applications is impaired by the lack of adequate error detection capabilities in hybrid nodes.
Flow Rate and Velocity of Ideal Gas in a Capillary Column with Uniform Permeability (1999)

When the column pressure drop is high, the average velocity of a carrier gas is proportional to the square root of the outlet velocity and the flow rate. Characteristic velocity, flow rate and pressure – the boundary conditions between low and high pressure drop regions – are introduced. Previously derived equations for average velocity vs. outlet velocity were modified to include the flow rate and to become more suitable for the separate studies of the low and high pressure drop regions.
How Does Arrestin Assemble MAPKs into a Signaling Complex? (2008)

Arrestins bind active phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors, precluding G protein activation and channeling signaling to alternative pathways. Arrestins also function as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffolds, bringing together three components of MAPK signaling modules. Here we have demonstrated that all four vertebrate arrestins interact with JNK3, MKK4, and ASK1, but only arrestin3 facilitates JNK3 activation. Thus, the functional specificity of arrestins is not determined by differential binding of the kinases. Using receptor binding-impaired mutant, we have shown that free arrestin3 readily promotes JNK3 phosphorylation. We identified key arrestin-binding elements in JNK3 and ASK1 and investigated the molecular interactions of arrestin2 and arrestin3 and their individual domains with the components of the two MAPK cascades, ASK1-MKK4-JNK3 and c-Raf-1-MEK1-ERK2. We found that both arrestin domains interact with all six kinases. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of arrestin-mediated MAPK activation and the spatial arrangement of the three kinases on arrestin molecule.
Bacterial Degradation of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid and Homoprotocatechuic Acid (1974)

A species of Acinetobacter and two strains of Pseudomonas putida when grown with 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid gave cell extracts that converted 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (homoprotocatechuic acid) into carbon dioxide, pyruvate, and succinate. The sequence of enzyme-catalyzed steps was as follows: ring-fission by a 2,3-dioxygenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent dehydrogenation, decarboxylation, hydration, aldol fission, and oxidation of succinic semialdehyde. Two new metabolites, 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic acid and 2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-diene-1,7-dioic acid, were isolated from reaction mixtures and a third, 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelic acid, was shown to be cleaved by extracts to give pyruvate and succinic semialdehyde. Enzymes of this metabolic pathway were present in Acinetobacter grown with 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid but were effectively absent when 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid or phenylacetic acid served as sources of carbon.
Analysis of meniscal and chondral lesions accompanying anterior cruciate ligament tears: relationship with age, time from injury, and level of sport (2003)

The purposes of this multi-center study were: (a) to document the location and type of meniscal and chondral lesions that accompany anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and (b) to test for possible relationships between these lesions and patient age, time from initial injury (TFI), and sports level (i.e., recreation, amateur, professional, and national). The cases of 764 patients with ACL tears who underwent arthroscopy for the first time were retrospectively analyzed. The group included 684 males and 80 females of mean age 27 years (range 14-59 years). The mean TFI was 19.8 months (range 0.2-360 months). Eighty-seven percent of the group engaged in regular sporting activity. Thirty-seven percent had medial meniscal tears, 16% had lateral meniscal tears, and 20% had tears of both menisci. The most common tear types were longitudinal tears in the posterior and middle horns of both menisci. Tears of the lateral meniscus were more centrally located than those of the medial meniscus. Incomplete tears and radial tears were significantly more common in the lateral meniscus. Nineteen percent of the knees had one or more chondral lesions. Sixty percent of the chondral lesions were located in the medial tibio-femoral compartment. Patient age was statistically associated with presence of a medial meniscal tear, presence of a grade 3 or 4 chondral lesion, and presence of a complex tear of the medial meniscus. Sports level was not statistically related to any of the parameters studied. The odds of having a medial meniscal tear at 2 to 5 years TFI were 2.2 times higher than the odds in the first year post-injury, and the odds at >5 years were 5.9 times higher than at 0 to 12 months TFI. The frequency of lateral meniscal tear remained fairly constant at 2 years TFI. The odds of having a grade 3 or 4 chondral lesion were 2.7 times greater at 2 to 5 years TFI than they were at 1 year post-injury, and these odds increased to 4.7 when patients at >5 years TFI were compared to those in the 2 to 5 years category. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TFI and age were equally important predictors of lateral meniscal tears and of grade 3 or 4 chondral lesions; however, TFI was the better predictor of medial meniscal tear.
Chronic rejection of rat aortic allograft (1991)

Rat aortic allografts immunosuppressed with cyclosporin--but not with azathioprine or steroids--develop an early inflammatory lesion in the subendothelial space. This "endothelialitis" is followed by an influx of proliferating smooth muscle cells into the intima, resulting in intimal thickening and accelerated arteriosclerosis. Administration of azathioprine and steroids largely ameliorates the development of the accelerated lesion. Similar endothelialitis and accelerated arteriosclerosis have been observed previously in the autopsy material of cardiac transplant recipients. Our results confirm the suggestion that the development of accelerated allograft arteriosclerosis is most likely linked to cyclosporin administration.
Ultra-bright and efficient single photon generation based on integrated nanodiamonds containing single defect centers (2011)

We present integrated and highly efficient single photon sources based on defect-centers in nanodiamonds as fundamental components for future implementations of quantum information technologies. We achieve count rates of 2.4 Mcts/s and source efficiencies of 20 %.
Characterization of the human lysyl oxidase gene locus. (1992)

Lysyl oxidase (EC 1.4.3.13) is a copper-dependent enzyme acting principally on collagen and elastin catalyzing the formation of aldehyde cross-links. It is also believed to possess a tumor suppressor activity as the anti-oncogene of ras. While rat, human, and mouse lysyl oxidase cDNAs have been cloned, little is known about the structure of the gene, its organization, or regulation. This paper describes the cloning of an intronic segment of the human lysyl oxidase gene. Sequence analysis defined the location of an intron that separates the prepro-coding segments from the segment encoding the catalytic domain. Genomic restriction mapping and gene copy number data established that multiple lysyl oxidase mRNA transcripts originate from a single gene and thus are products of alternative splicing. Northern analysis of adult and fetal fibroblast RNA showed a dominant approximately 4.3-kilobase lysyl oxidase mRNA transcript that varied in abundance as a function of cell line. These data are consistent with a complex mechanism regulating the expression of the lysyl oxidase gene.
Q-ary collision resolution algorithms in random-access systems with free or blocked channel access (1985)

The throughput characteristics of contention-based random-access systems (RAS's) which use <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -ary tree algorithms (where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q \geq 2</tex> is the number of groups into which contending users are split) of the Capetanakis-Tsybakov-Mikhailov-Vvedenskaya type are analyzed for an infinite population of identical users generating packets according to a Poisson process. Both free and blocked channel-access protocols are considered in combination with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -ary collision resolution algorithms that exploit either binary ("collision/no collision") or ternary ("collision/ success / idle") feedback. For the resulting RAS's, functional equations for transformed generating functions of the first two moments of the collision resolution interval length are obtained and solved. The maximum stable throughput as a function of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> is given. The results of a packet-delay analysis are also given, and the analyzed RAS's are compared among themselves and with the slotted ALOHA system in terms of both system throughput and packet delay. It is concluded that the "practical optimum" RAS (in terms of ease of implementation combined with good performance) uses free (i.e., immediate) channel access and ternary splitting (i.e., <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = 3</tex> ) with binary feedback.
A movable-mass attitude-stabilization system for artificial-g space stations (1971)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Some Factors Affecting Energy Conversion in a Microwave Cavity<sup>*</sup> (1966)

Certain integer and non-integer relations are shown to determine the maximum degeneracy (optimum coupling) conditions in large, unloaded multimode cavities of the type used in microwave power processing. Mathematically, the conditions are analogous to problems that have been studied in acoustics.The continuous frequency modulation of a typical two kilowatt magnetron by a full wave, unfiltered power supply has been measured. This figure is taken as a typical source bandwidth (0.6% at 2.45 GHz) for the energy supplied to a cavity.Measurements of energy conversion efficiency, and energy distribution, are given for an 80 liter volume cavity, all the dimensions of which are different. For water filling factors from 0.135 to 3% by volume, the average energy conversion efficiencies range from 53 to 98%. A method for measuring the power available at a point within a system, using a microwave thermometer, is described.
Trajectory Optimization using Reinforcement Learning for Map Exploration (2008)

Automatically building maps from sensor data is a necessary and fundamental skill for mobile robots; as a result, considerable research attention has focused on the technical challenges inherent in the mapping problem. While statistical inference techniques have led to computationally efficient mapping algorithms, the next major challenge in robotic mapping is to automate the data collection process. In this paper, we address the problem of how a robot should plan to explore an unknown environment and collect data in order to maximize the accuracy of the resulting map. We formulate exploration as a constrained optimization problem and use reinforcement learning to find trajectories that lead to accurate maps. We demonstrate this process in simulation and show that the learned policy not only results in improved map building, but that the learned policy also transfers successfully to a real robot exploring on MIT campus.
Use of Pyruvate-Phosphate Dikinase as a Target for Herbicide Design: Analysis of Inhibitor Specificity (1987)

Pyruvate-phosphate dikinase (PPDK) was targeted for inhibitor design because of its central role in C 4 -type photosynthetic carbon metabolism and its relative absence in C 3 -type plants and organisms of the animal kingdom. Compounds were tested for their activities as reversible and irreversible inhibitors of PPDK isolated from maize. The relative activity of the test compounds against phosphoenolpvruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), isolated from wheat, was used as a measure of the specificity of the inhibitors for the targeted enzyme. PPDK. An ideal compound for successful herbicide design should be an inhibitor which is specific toward the targeted enzyme and either effectively inhibits enzyme activity at very low concentrations or inactivates the enzyme through an irreversible mechanism. Using results obtained with commercially purchased compounds. the discussion will emphasize the difficulty of obtaining specific inhibitors toward PPDK. Another report from this laboratory (A. L. Lawyer. S. R. Kelley, and J. I. Allen, in: Proc. Seventh Internat. Congr. Photosynth. (.I. Biggins, ed.). in press) emphasizes other results obtained from the targeting of PPDK for herbicide activity.
Biology, Injury, and Control of the European Needle-bending Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Scotch Pine in Michigan (2017)

Contarinia baeri is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge in spring, and females deposit eggs in small clusters in the sheaths of new-growth pine needles. Larvae hatch shortly thereafter and there are three larval instars. Larval feeding causes the needles to at first droop, discolor, and eventually drop, reducing the quality of Christmas trees and occasionally killing shoots. Larvae overwinter on the ground in cocoons, and pupate in spring. Adults were suppressed (> 75% control) with formulations of Pydrin® (fenvalerate) and Tempo® (cyfluthrin) applied within a week after adult emergence.
Poly Harmonic Staggered Broadcasting Method for Efficient Video on Demand Service (2008)

Many research works have focused on developing multimedia applications such as video conferencing and video-on-demand (VoD). From this trend, we see that the VoD service will become the main issue in future. However, service providers don't efficiently provide VoD services for a great number of clients yet. One of the reasons is the high cost in providing VoD services. Because a multimedia service consumes wide bandwidth in spite of great advances of video compression, network bandwidth resource must significantly be spent to maintain multiple clients concurrently. To overcome this problem, we proposed a new transmission method using the broadcast, named as a poly harmonic staggered broadcasting (PHSB) method. The proposed method is an efficient transmission method that has a simple structure of the staggered broadcasting method and substantially improved bandwidth efficiency of the poly harmonic broadcasting method. The numerical results show that the viewer's waiting time of the PHSB method is close to the waiting time of the harmonic broadcasting method which theoretically has the best bandwidth efficiency. Furthermore, the maximum buffer requirements of this can be adapted by adjusting the short front part of a video size.
Coronaviridae: a review of coronaviruses and toroviruses (2005)

From rags to riches, pauper to princess. Thus did Cinderella progress, literally overnight (well, three nights; Grimm & Grimm http://www.nationalgeographic.com/grimm/index2.html). Coronaviruses were described as being a "virology backwater", the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome) likened to Cinderella, thrusting coronaviruses from the shadows to the spotlight in early 2003. Understandably, this is the view from a human disease standpoint; coronaviruses in humans are usually considered to be the cause of nothing more serious than the common cold. However, this group of viruses has long had a higher profile in the veterinary science field, most of our knowledge of coronaviruses being based on viruses of domesticated species -plus the mouse (Tab. 1). Most of the 40 000 000 000 chickens in the world annually succumb to infection by avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV), resulting in reduced production, including mortality. The death toll amongst newborn swine can be 90% when infected with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). The names porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis coronavirus (HEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea coronavirus (PEDV) tell their own story. Most of the coronaviruses replicate, at least initially, in either or both of the respiratory or enteric tracts (Tab. 1). Within a coronavirus species some variants may have a tropism for the respiratory tract, others for the enteric region, though usually causing pathology in only one of these regions. SARS-CoV might be an exception to this, it appearing to cause pathology in both tracts, although that might be strain dependent.