gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of Multimedia Data Source Based on User Feedback (2011)

There are hundreds or thousands of web data sources providing data of relevance to a particular domain on the Web, so how to find a suitable set of sources quickly to integrate from a number of sources is becoming more and more important. Traditional data sources selection methods that are based on data quality do not consider quality characteristics of data sources under the different domains, but select the same quality dimensions for quality evaluation models. As a result, accuracies of a traditional method under different domains are quite different. In light of this, we propose a Web multimedia source selection method based on user feedback. We gain accurate core quality dimensions of data sources under the multimedia domain based on user feedback, and then achieve a quality estimation model of the multimedia data sources. The experiments on hundreds of real-world multimedia data sources have proved that our approach is efficient and accurate.
AMPTE/CCE battery and charger performance (2002)

Switching regulators were used to short-circuit the excess solar array current and control the charge to each of its two 28-volt, 4 ampere-hour (Ah) nickel-cadmium batteries. This caused approximately 10-million, very small battery charge-discharge cycles during the long sunlight periods of the highly elliptical, 24-hour orbit; a unique system influence that did not significantly degrade battery performance during the nearly 5-year mission life. Three very long eclipses at the beginning, middle and end of the mission, provided a unique opportunity to analyze the performance of the batteries.
Signaling mechanism of extracellular RNA in endothelial cells (2009)

Extracellular RNA has been shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent hyperpermeability in vivo as well as in vitro. Studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of these effects. For permeability studies primary cultures of porcine brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and for all other analytical studies the human brain endothelial cell line HCMEC/D3 or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. RNA, but not DNA, initiated signaling events by binding of VEGF to neuropilin-1, followed by VEGF-R2 phosphorylation, activation of phospholipase C (PLC), and intracellular release of Ca(2+). Activation of these pathways by RNA also resulted in the release of von Willebrand Factor from Weibel-Palade bodies. Pretreatment of cells with heparinase totally abrogated the RNA-induced permeability changes, whereas RNA together with VEGF completely restored VEGF-R2-mediated hyperpermeability. Although poly:IC increased the interleukin-6 release via activation of toll-like receptor-3 (TLR-3), permeability changes mediated by poly:IC or RNA remained unchanged after blocking TLR-3 or NF-kB activation. These results indicate that extracellular RNA serves an important cofactor function to engage VEGF for VEGF-R2-dependent signal transduction, reminiscent of the coreceptor mechanism mediated by proteoglycans, which might be of relevance for the mobilization and cellular activities of RNA-binding cytokines in general.
SimOS: A Fast Operating System Simulation Environment (1994)

In this paper we describe techniques for building a software development environment for operating system software. These techniques allow an operating system to be run at user-level on a general-purpose operating system such as System V R4 Unix. The approach used in this work is to simulate a machine''s hardware using services provided by the underlying operating system. We describe how to simulate the CPU using the operating system''s process abstraction, the memory management unit using file mapping operations, and the I/O devices using separate processes. The techniques we present allow the simulator to run with sufficient speed and detail that workloads that exercise bugs on the real machine can be transferred and run in near real-time on the simulated machine. The speed of the simulation depends on the quantity and the cost of the simulated operations. Real programs usually run in the simulated environment at between 50% and 100% of the speed of the underyling machine. The simulation detail we provide allows an operating system running in the simulated environment to be nearly indistinguishable from the real machine from a user perspective.
Functional Interrogation of an Odorant Receptor Locus Reveals Multiple Axes of Transcriptional Regulation (2013)

The odorant receptor (OR) genes constitute the largest mammalian gene family and are expressed in a monogenic and monoallelic fashion, through an unknown mechanism that likely exploits positive and negative regulation. We devised a genetic strategy in mice to examine OR selection by determining the transcriptional activity of an exogenous promoter homologously integrated into an OR locus. Using the tetracycline-dependent transactivator responsive promoter (tet(o)), we observed that the OR locus imposes spatial and temporal constraints on tet(o)-driven transcription. Conditional expression experiments reveal a developmental change in the permissiveness of the locus. Further, expression of an OR transgene that suppresses endogenous ORs similarly represses the OR-integrated tet(o). Neurons homozygous for the tet(o)-modified allele demonstrate predominantly monoallelic expression, despite their potential to express both copies. These data reveal multiple axes of regulation, and support a model of initiation of OR choice limited by nonpermissive chromatin and maintained by repression of nonselected alleles.
Transcutaneous Delivery of Prostaglandin E1: In Vitro and Laser Doppler Flowmetry Study (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess the rate and extent of transcutaneous delivery of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) from various formulations [liposomal, novel biphasic, and nonliposomal (oil/water cream) delivery systems] in vitro using diffusion cells and in vivo using laser doppler flowmetry, to aid in the development of a topically active preparation for the treatment of male sexual dysfunction. Percutaneous absorption through adult human foreskin was tested in flow-through diffusion cells using [3H]PGE1. Nine healthy volunteers participated in the crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, where 0.1 g of each preparation was applied to a 4 cm2 area on the forearm. Laserflo BPM2 blood perfusion monitor with Model P-430 skin probe was used for evaluating skin blood perfusion. Encapsulation of PGE1 into novel biphasic delivery systems resulted in significantly increased skin blood perfusion relative to traditional liposomal, nonliposomal, and placebo formulations (6.25 +/- 1.58 vs 2.72 +/- 0.79, 0.53 +/- 0.64, and 0.58 +/- 0.06 mLLD/min/100 g, respectively, n = 9). The in vitro absorption of PGE1 through foreskin correlated well with the in vivo data (respective permeability coefficients 3.33, 1.57, and 1. 40 x 10(-4) cm/h). Formulation parameters greatly influence the absorption of PGE1 through skin as measured by laser doppler flowmetry, but by the application of a novel topical delivery technology, a significant enhancement of PGE1 delivery can be achieved.
Catalytic oxidation of methyl bromide using ruthenium-based catalysts (2016)

Ruthenium-based catalysts Ru/TiO<sub>2</sub>, Ru/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ru/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and Ru/ZrO<sub>2</sub> were prepared and evaluated for CH<sub>3</sub>Br oxidation, and Ru/TiO<sub>2</sub> showed the best catalytic performance. Product selectivity, thermal stability, and anti-moisture properties were also studied.
Ultraefficient Coupling of a Quantum Emitter to the Tunable Guided Plasmons of a Carbon Nanotube (2015)

We show that a single quantum emitter can efficiently couple to the tunable plasmons of a highly doped single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Plasmons in these quasi-one-dimensional carbon structures exhibit deep subwavelength confinement that pushes the coupling efficiency close to 100% over a very broad spectral range. This phenomenon takes place for distances and tube diameters comprising the nanometer and micrometer scales. In particular, we find a β factor ≈1 for QEs placed 1-100 nm away from SWCNTs that are just a few nanometers in diameter, while the corresponding Purcell factor exceeds 10(6).
Phonon-isotope scattering and thermal conductivity in materials with a large isotope effect: A first-principles study (2013)

The interplay between phonon-isotope and phonon-phonon scattering in determining lattice thermal conductivities in semiconductors and insulators is examined using an ab initio Boltzmann transport equation approach. We identify materials with large enhancements to their thermal conductivities with isotopic purification, known as the isotope effect, and we focus in particular on results for beryllium-VI compounds and cubic germanium carbide. We find that germanium carbide and beryllium selenide have very large room temperature isotope effects of 450$%$, far larger than in any other material. Thus, isotopic purification in these materials gives surprisingly high intrinsic room temperature thermal conductivities, over 1500 Wm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ K${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for germanium carbide and over 600 Wm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ K${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for beryllium selenide, well above those of the best metals. In compound semiconductors, a large mass ratio of the constituent atoms and large isotope mixture for the heavier atom gives enhanced isotope scattering. A frequency gap between acoustic and optic phonons (also due to a large mass ratio) and bunching of the acoustic phonon branches give weak anharmonic scattering. Combined, weak anharmonic phonon scattering and strong isotope scattering give a large isotope effect in the materials examined here. The physical insights discussed in this work will help guide the efficient manipulation of thermal transport properties of compound semiconductors through isotopic modification.
<title>Low-cost, mechanically rigid, high-aspect-ratio mirrors</title> (1995)

An injection molding process development has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing, by injection molding, mirrors with sufficient surface accuracy for utilization in laser printers and mechanical stiffness for ease of assembly.
The lift-fan aircraft: Lessons learned (1995)

This report summarizes the highlights and results of a workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center in October 1992. The objective of the workshop was a thorough review of the lessons learned from past research on lift fans, and lift-fan aircraft, models, designs, and components. The scope included conceptual design studies, wind tunnel investigations, propulsion systems components, piloted simulation, flight of aircraft such as the SV-5A and SV-5B and a recent lift-fan aircraft development project. The report includes a brief summary of five technical presentations that addressed the subject The Lift-Fan Aircraft: Lessons Learned.
Cheminformatics Analysis of Organic Substituents:  Identification of the Most Common Substituents, Calculation of Substituent Properties, and Automatic Identification of Drug-like Bioisosteric Groups (2002)

A large set of more than 3 million molecules was processed to find all the organic substituents contained in the set and to identify the most common ones. During the analysis, 849 574 unique substituents were found. Extrapolated to the number of known organic molecules, this result suggests that about 3.1 million substituents are known. Based on these findings the size of virtual organic chemistry space accessible using currently known synthetic methods is estimated to be between 10(20) and 10(24) molecules. The extracted substituents were characterized by calculated electronic, hydrophobic, steric, and hydrogen bonding properties as well as by the drug-likeness index. Various possible applications of such a large database of drug-like substituents characterized by calculated properties are discussed and illustrated by reference to a Web-based tool for automatic identification of bioisosteric groups.
Radium Removal from Uranium Mill Effluents with Inorganic Ion Exchangers (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadium Removal from Uranium Mill Effluents with Inorganic Ion ExchangersW. D. Arnold and D. J. CrouseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1965, 4, 3, 333–337Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/i260015a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (468 KB) Get e-Alerts
Rail crack monitoring based on Tsallis synchrosqueezed wavelet entropy of acoustic emission signals: A field study (2017)

This article focuses on the rail crack monitoring using acoustic emission technique in the field typically with complex cracking conditions and high operational noise. A novel crack monitoring strategy based on Tsallis synchrosqueezed wavelet entropy was developed, where synchrosqueezed wavelet transform was introduced to explore the time–frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signals and Tsallis entropy was adopted to quantify the local variation of acoustic emission wavelet coefficients more accurately. The mother wavelet of synchrosqueezed wavelet transform and three key parameters of time-Tsallis synchrosqueezed wavelet entropy, including characteristic frequency band, non-extensive parameter, and time window length, were appropriately determined. The performance of the strategy was validated through field tests with an incipient rail crack and trains running at operating speeds. Time-Tsallis synchrosqueezed wavelet entropy efficiently detected and located the crack by extracting the crack-related transients in acoustic emission signals that were easily submerged in the operational noise. Synchrosqueezed wavelet transform further helped to analyze the mechanisms of these crack-related transients, which were distinguished to be either crack propagation or impact. The experimental results demonstrated that the crack monitoring strategy proposed is able to detect both surface and internal rail cracks even in the noisy environment, highlighting its potential for field applications.
Cell stress increases ATP release in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, resulting in cytokine imbalance (2015)

Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic inflammation in patients with autoinflammatory disorders. Blood monocytes from patients affected by NLRP3-mediated cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) release greater amounts of IL-1β than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from CAPS patients maintain the high levels of secreted IL-1β (fivefold) and IL-18 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less LPS than that required for full IL-1β secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, IL-1α secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in CAPS may not be entirely a result of IL-1β but may also involve IL-1α. In CAPS monocytes, LPS induces the externalization of copious amounts of ATP (10-fold), which drive IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced ATP release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in CAPS. In the later phase after LPS stimulation, CAPS monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Remarkably, IL-1Ra secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two patients with the same NLRP3 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected patient exhibited more efficient redox response, lower ATP secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.
Flowering Responses to Altered Expression of Phytochrome in Mutants and Transgenic Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1995)

The long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. flowers early in response to brief end-of-day (EOD) exposures to far-red light (FR) following a fluorescent short day of 8 h. FR promotion of flowering was nullified by subsequent brief red light (R) EOD exposure, indicating phytochrome involvement. The EOD response to R or FR is a robust measure of phytochrome action. Along with their wild-type (WT) parents, mutants deficient in either phytochrome A or B responded similarly to the EOD treatments. Thus, neither phytochrome A nor B exclusively regulated flowering, although phytochrome B controlled hypocotyl elongation. Perhaps a third phytochrome species is important for the EOD responses of the mutants and/or their flowering is regulated by the amount of the FR-absorbing form of phytochrome, irrespective of the phytochrome species. Overexpression of phytochrome A or phytochrome B resulted in differing photoperiod and EOD responses among the genotypes. The day-neutral overexpressor of phytochrome A had an EOD response similar to all of the mutants and WTs, whereas R EOD exposure promoted flowering in the overexpressor of phytochrome B and FR EOD exposure inhibited this promotion. The comparisons between relative flowering times and leaf numbers at flowering of the over-expressors and their WTs were not consistent across photoperiods and light treatments, although both phytochromes A and B contributed to regulating flowering of the transgenic plants.
Accelerated evaporation of microdroplets at ambient conditions for the on-line analysis of nanoparticles by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2013)

The helium-assisted evaporation of pure, saline, and nanoparticle (NP)-containing microdroplets (∅droplet = 40–50 μm) at ambient conditions was studied. To quantify the liquid-to-gas mass transfer water droplets experience during evaporation, their sizes were monitored in different sections of a custom-made transport system, corresponding to increasing residence times after production. Drying times specified this way turned out to be approximately three times faster than values achievable by heavier gases such as argon which is commonly chosen as the carrier gas for subsequent NP analysis by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Furthermore, residues of saline droplets doped with well-defined amounts of an acidified calcium standard solution were classified by light scattering (LS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicating nearly complete desolvation over transport distances of a few tens of centimeters if helium or argon–helium mixtures were supplied. Mass transfer rates along droplet trajectories simulated on the basis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were found to be consistent with measured ones which proved the applicability of the evaporation model used, thus allowing an optimization of user-defined transport systems without the need for a time-consuming adaptation by trial-and-error. The analytical capabilities of helium-assisted evaporation as an alternative to conventional approaches employing argon-only-based set-ups operated at elevated temperatures were, in addition, demonstrated by ICP-quadruple (Q)MS of gold NPs. Therefore, NP-containing droplets were delivered through an either horizontally or vertically arranged transport assembly both resulting in over-all throughputs of 90 to 100%.
Formation of Films of Two-Dimensional Continuous Network Skeleton (2006)

A noval technology has been developed which creates thin films that consist of essentially two-dimensional polymeric skeleton-like reticulated networks of cell sizes of several micrometers. The formation of the two-dimensional network was initiated by the spinodal decomposition of a binary polymer/solvent mixture in thin films, and the developed phase pattern was then preserved by the crystallization of the polymer in polymer-rich phases. The key principle in the technology was the fine-tuning of the solvent quality for that the crystallization of the polymer occurs just below the miscibility gap. Varying the cooling rate, solvent quality, film thickness and the composition can control the cell size.
Purification and Partial Characterization of a Lutein-binding Protein from the Midgut of the Silkworm (1996)

A lutein-binding protein was purified from fifth instar larval midgut of Bombyx mori by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and three chromatographic procedures, gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and anion exchange chromatography. The protein has a pI of 5.4 and an apparent molecular mass of 35,000 Da, as determined by a linear gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lutein-protein complex is water-soluble and more stable than the carotenoid or protein alone. The carotenoid moiety was identified by thin layer chromatography, light absorption spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography as all-trans-lutein. Lutein is specifically and stoichiometrically bound to the protein, with a ratio of 3 mol of lutein per mol of protein. Binding of lutein (absorption maximum in hexane at 454 nm) to the apoprotein results in a marked red spectral shift of about 38 nm, giving rise to absorption maxima at 432, 462, and 492 nm in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.0. The lutein-protein complex is characterized by fine spectral structure indicating that lutein is in a relatively rigid environment. This protein is distributed in equal amounts throughout the midgut and in all developmental stages of the larval B. mori.
Model of thin-film microstrip line for circuit design (2001)

An equivalent-circuit model for the thin-film microstrip line (TFMSL) is presented in this paper. Its elements are calculated using closed-form expressions and, thus, this model can easily be implemented in common circuit design tools. For typical TFMSL dimensions, it holds from DC up to the submillimeter-wave frequency range. The model is validated by comparison to electromagnetic full-wave simulation data. Typical errors of phase constant and characteristic impedance are below 2% and 3%, respectively. Regarding attenuation, deviations below 8% are found.