gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Development of Topically Acting Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Antiglaucoma Agents (2007)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide and dichlorophenamide were and still are widely used systemic antiglaucoma drugs. Their mechanism of action consists in inhibition of CA isozymes present in ciliary processes of the eye (such as CA II, IV and XII), with the consequent reduction of bicarbonate and aqueous humour secretion, and of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) characteristic of this disease. Since CA II/IV/XII are present in many other tissues/organs, generally, systemic CAIs possess undesired side effects such as numbness and tingling of extremities; metallic taste; depression; fatigue; malaise; weight loss; decreased libido; gastrointestinal irritation; metabolic acidosis; renal calculi and transient myopia. In order to avoid these undesired side effects, recently, topically effective CAIs have been developed. Two drugs are available clinically: dorzolamide and brinzolamide. Both these drugs are applied topically as water solutions/suspensions, alone or in combination with other agents (such as beta-blockers, prostaglandin derivatives, etc) and produce a consistent and prolonged reduction of IOP. Furthermore, recent reports show both the systemically as well as topically acting sulfonamide CAIs to be effective in the treatment of macular oedema and other macular degeneration diseases, for which pharmacological treatment was unavailable up to now. Much research is in act in the search of even more effective topically acting CAIs, free of the inconveniences and side effects of the presently available drugs. For achieving this goal, a recently reported strategy, the tail approach, was extensively applied for the synthesis of large numbers of derivatives possessing various physico-chemical properties. Many such new sulfonamides showed promising antiglaucoma activity in animal models of the disease.
A <i>Xenopus</i> oocyte β subunit: Evidence for a role in the assembly/expression of voltage-gated calcium channels that is separate from its role as a regulatory subunit (1997)

Two closely related beta subunit mRNAs (xo28 and xo32) were identified in Xenopus oocytes by molecular cloning. One or both appear to be expressed as active proteins, because: (i) injection of Xenopus beta antisense oligonucleotides, but not of sense or unrelated oligonucleotides, significantly reduced endogenous oocyte voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) currents and obliterated VGCC currents that arise after injection of mammalian alpha1 cRNAs (alpha(1C) and alpha(1E)); (ii) coinjection of a Xenopus beta antisense oligonucleotide and excess rat beta cRNA rescued expression of alpha1 Ca2+ channel currents; and (iii) coinjection of mammalian alpha1 cRNA with cRNA encoding either of the two Xenopus beta subunits facilitated both activation and inactivation of Ca2+ channel currents by voltage, as happens with most mammalian beta subunits. The Xenopus beta subunit cDNAs (beta3xo cDNAs) predict proteins of 484 aa that differ in only 22 aa and resemble most closely the sequence of the mammalian type 3 beta subunit. We propose that "alpha1 alone" channels are in fact tightly associated alpha1beta3xo channels, and that effects of exogenous beta subunits are due to formation of higher-order [alpha1beta]beta(n) complexes with an unknown contribution of beta3xo. It is thus possible that functional mammalian VGCCs, rather than having subunit composition alpha1beta, are [alpha1beta]beta(n) complexes that associate with alpha2delta and, as appropriate, other tissue-specific accessory proteins. In support of this hypothesis, we discovered that the last 277-aa of alpha(1E) have a beta subunit binding domain. This beta binding domain is distinct from the previously known interaction domain located between repeats I and II of calcium channel alpha1 subunits.
Optimization of UAV Heading for the Ground-to-Air Uplink (2011)

In this paper we consider a collection of single-antenna ground nodes communicating with a multi-antenna unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a multiple-access ground-to-air wireless communications link. The UAV uses beamforming to mitigate the inter-user interference and achieve spatial division multiple access (SDMA). First, we consider a simple scenario with two static ground nodes and analytically investigate the effect of the UAV heading on the system sum rate. We then study a more general setting with multiple mobile ground-based terminals, and develop an algorithm for dynamically adjusting the UAV heading in order to maximize a lower bound on the ergodic sum rate of the uplink channel, using a Kalman filter to track the positions of the mobile ground nodes. Fairness among the users can be guaranteed through weighting the bound for each user's ergodic rate with a factor inversely proportional to their average data rate. For the common scenario where a high $K$-factor channel exists between the ground nodes and UAV, we use an asymptotic analysis to find simplified versions of the algorithm for low and high SNR. We present simulation results that demonstrate the benefits of adapting the UAV heading in order to optimize the uplink communications performance. The simulation results also show that the simplified algorithms perform near-optimal performance.
Role of Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Na<sup>+</sup>Current Slow Inactivation in Adaptation of Action Potential Firing in Small-Diameter Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (2003)

When acutely dissociated small-diameter dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were stimulated with repeated current injections or prolonged application of capsaicin, their action potential firing quickly adapted. Because TTX-resistant (TTX-R) sodium current in these presumptive nociceptors generates a large fraction of depolarizing current during the action potential, we examined the possible role of inactivation of TTX-R sodium channels in producing adaptation. Under voltage clamp, TTX-R current elicited by short depolarizations showed strong use dependence at frequencies as low as 1 Hz, although recovery from fast inactivation was complete in approximately 10-30 msec. This use-dependent reduction was the result of the entry of TTX-R sodium channels into slow inactivated states. Slow inactivation was more effectively produced by steady depolarization than by cycling channels through open states. Slow inactivation was steeply voltage dependent, with a Boltzmann slope factor of 5 mV, a midpoint near -45 mV (5 sec conditioning pulses), and completeness of approximately 93% positive to -20 mV. The time constant for entry (approximately 200 msec) was independent of voltage from -20 mV to +60 mV, whereas recovery kinetics were moderately voltage dependent (time constant, approximately 1.5 sec at -60 mV and approximately 0.5 sec at -100 mV). Using a prerecorded current-clamp response to capsaicin as a voltage-clamp command waveform, we found that adaptation of firing occurred with a time course similar to that of development of slow inactivation. Thus, slow inactivation of the TTX-R sodium current limits the duration of small DRG cell firing in response to maintained stimuli and may contribute to cross desensitization between chemical and electrical stimuli.
Towards precise car navigation: Detection of relative vehicle position on highway for collision avoidance (2010)

In this paper, we focus on evaluating the performance of NTrip/RTK solutions for accurate and precise car navigation (analysis of both the accuracy and availibility of RTK data using mobile communication). Our approach is to develop a functional system of determining lane positions on highways. A system is based on wireless radio communication among surrounding vehicles what complement and enhance the current vehicle driving system needs (lane change collision avoidance systems, vehicle tracking, lane keeping and obstacle avoidance). Because lane change collision avoidance system requires very high relative accuracies between moving objects, therefore we are introducing "moving basestation" option into our system. Relative Moving Base Software (RMBS) package is implemented in real-time into NovAtel Propak-v3 GNSS receivers. This solution provides centimeter level baseline accuracy in relative vehicle positioning. For the RMBS implementation, the moving base position is only single point position, and must be recomputed for every epoch. Therefore, RTK/Ntrip base solution is required in this system. Exchanging Position, baseline and velocity information among surrounding vehicles using the twoway PacificCrest radiomodem link, definitely improves safety and efficiency of automobile transportation on the highways. Two experiments were conducted on test routes using two cars in the combined driving conditions (highway + downtown). Both tests took place at Wuhan University, GNSS Research Center, China. One additional test was performed using an NTrip stream delivered by a free-standing mount point obtaining data from the reference Trimble NetR5 receiver. We demonstrate the versatility of the system, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each component.
Functional Polyolefins Containing Disulfide and Phosphoester Groups: Synthesis and Orthogonal Degradation (2014)

Disulfide-containing polyolefins were prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of disulfide containing cyclic olefin 1, (Z)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2-dithiocine, with other cyclic olefins. This allowed the generation of new degradable polyolefins with nearly 30 mol % disulfide monomer in the backbone, along with functional cyclooctene comonomers bearing pendent hydroxyl, amino, and pentafluorophenyl ester groups. Integration of disulfide groups into the polymer provides redox responsiveness as well as mechanisms for polymer degradation through added reducing agents, thiols for degradative equilibrium exchange, or UV irradiation. This ROMP copolymerization strategy was extended to terpolymers containing both disulfides and phosphoesters that exhibit orthogonal degradation properties.
Wafer-level packaging technology for MEMS (2002)

This paper reviews the essential MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) silicon wafer processes that are needed for wafer-level packaging. Precision aligned wafer bonding is the key enabling technology for high-volume, low cost packaging of MEMS devices. State-of-the-art aligned silicon wafer bonding can provide not only basic MEMS device functionality, but also first-level assembly or packaging solutions for many MEMS devices. Numerous examples of high-volume production applications for wafer-level bonding will be described.
MULTIPLIER FOR ANALOG COMPUTERS (1954)

Sigma receptors are located in limbic areas, including the nucleus accumbens, where increased dopamine levels have been linked to psychosis and reinforcement. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been named as a possible endogenous ligand for a subpopulation of sigma receptors on the basis of its ability to compete for sigma receptor binding. Using a superfusion system, we found that NPY enhanced N-methyl-D-asparate-stimulated [3H]dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens, whereas the prototypical sigma agonist (+)pentazocine inhibited release. However, four sigma antagonists, one of which is sigma1 selective, as well as a Y receptor antagonist, all reversed the enhancement by NPY and the inhibition by (+)pentazocine. A sigma2-selective antagonist had no effect on either NPY-mediated enhancement or (+)pentazocine-mediated inhibition. [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and NPY13-36 also enhanced release, but the effects were not reversed by sigma antagonists. Peptide YY did not mimic the effect of NPY. Our findings are consistent with the potential role of NPY as an endogenous ligand for a subtype of sigma receptor with characteristics different from Y1, Y2 and Y3 receptors but sensitive to Ac-[3-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)Tyr27,D-Thr32NPY-(27-36)amide. Our findings suggest a role for NPY, via sigma receptors, in the regulation of dopamine levels in areas of brain critical to psychosis and reinforcement.
Anti-<i>Helicobacter</i><i>p</i><i>ylori</i>Agents. 5. 2-(Substituted guanidino)-4-arylthiazoles and Aryloxazole Analogues (2001)

To extend the SAR study of guanidinothiazoles as a structurally novel class of anti-H. pylori agents, a series of 2-(substituted guanidino)-4-arylthiazoles and some 4-aryloxazole analogues were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against H. pylori. Some of them were also subjected to H2 antagonist and gastric antisecretory assays. Several arylthiazoles were identified as potent anti-H. pylori agents, and of these, thienylthiazole derivative 44 exhibited the strongest activity (MIC = 0.0065 microg/mL) among the compounds obtained in our guanidinothiazole studies. Although 44 was void of H2 antagonist activity, pyridylthiazole derivative 39 had both potent anti-H. pylori and H2 antagonist activities. Thiazolylthiazole derivative 46 also showed potent anti-H. pylori activity, but the H2 antagonist activity was weak. On the other hand, no attractive activities were found in pyrimidyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, and oxadiazolylthiazole derivatives. The anti-H. pylori activity of the aryloxazole analogues was weaker than those of the corresponding arylthiazole derivatives, though they had potent H2 antagonist activity.
Jury Awards $545,000 in Stanford Case (2000)

A federal jury last week ordered Stanford University to pay $545,000 to a former medical informatics researcher who was laid off 3 years ago after alleging sex discrimination on the job. The researcher is also one of several women whose complaints have triggered an ongoing Department of Labor investigation into the university's affirmative action policies.
기획논문 -문중고문서를 통해 본 호남지역의 사회와 문화 : 조선후기 호남지역 사족의 정치,사회적 동향 -17세기 광주 순천박씨 가문의 성장과 노론으로서의 활동을 중심으로 (2011)

조선 후기 호남사회는 16세기에 이어 17세기에도 己丑獄事 뿐만 아니라 중앙의 정치적 변화에 따라 李珥와 成渾의 文廟從祀, 禮訟 등에 관한 논쟁이 계속되었는데, 점차 西人과 老論의 우세속에 전개되어 갔다. 광주의 순천박씨 가문은 이러한 과정을 결정짓는데 큰 역할을 하였다. 광주의 순천박씨 가문은 17세기에 들어서 문중조직이 크게 성장하였다. 1660년대에 과거합격자를 다수 배출하면서 광주 入鄕祖에 이어 호남지역 입향조에 대한 제사규정을 마련하였고, 宋時烈 등 저명한 인물로부터 서문을 받아 족보를 간행하여 가문의 위상을 제고하였다. 또한 18세기 중엽에는 각 문중을 대표하는 인물들을 제향하는 眞泉祠를 건립하여 문중간의 결속을 꾀하였다. 그리고 재산 상속에서도 아들들에게 적서간의 차별보다는 자영농의 규모를 유지할 수 있도록 분배함으로서 한 지역에 토착할 수 있는 생활기반을 마련해 주기도 하였다. 이러한 광주의 순천박씨 가문의 성장은 17세기 이후 중앙과 지방에서의 활발한 정치, 사회적 활동에 힘입은 바가 컸다. 광주의 순천박씨 가문은 17세기 초 광주의 향임 등의 역할을 수행하면서 중앙과의 관계가 활발해졌다. 그리고 17세기 후반 예송논쟁기에는 송시열의 예론을 따랐는데, 생원이나 진사과 합격자가 크게 늘었다. 그리고 중앙에서는 문과에 합격한 朴致道가 서인과 노론의 도움으로 청현직에 진출하고 승지를 역임함으로서 호남지역 노론명문으로서 성장하였다. 뿐만 아니라 광주의 순천박씨는 인근의 서인계 가문과 연대하여 향촌사회에서 서인 계열의 정통성과 세력을 넓혀가는 일을 지속적으로 추진하였다. 는 宋時烈의 뜻에 따라 月峯書院에 金長生, 金集을 배향하였다. 예송논쟁에 패하여 송시열이 귀양을 가게 되자, 광주와 장성 지역의 서인들을 규합하여 伸救운동을 이끌고, 鄭介淸에 관한 서인측의 견해를 옹호하였다. 또한 李敏敍 등 서인계 광주목사의 후원 하에 송시열의 귀양지인 경상도의 장기를 직접 방문하기도 하였다, 박광후 이후로도 朴光一 등이 송시열의 성리학을 계승하여 호남 지역의 노론을 대표하여 송시열 등 노론계열의 伸救운동을 적극적으로 전개하기도 하였다. 이와 같이 17세기 후반 극심한 당쟁 속에서 광주의 순천박씨는 서인 내지 노론으로 당색을 정하고 절의를 지켜서 노론명문으로서 성장해갔으며, 중앙이나 지방의 노론계 인물들과의 밀접한 관계를 통해 노론의 정통성과 세력 확장에 노력하였다. 아울러 이러한 노론 가문의 적극적인 활동에 힘입어 조선 후기 호남 지역은 점차 노론이 주류가 될 수 있었던 것이다.
Image Quality Assessment Using Multi-Method Fusion (2012)

A new methodology for objective image quality assessment (IQA) with multi-method fusion (MMF) is presented in this paper. The research is motivated by the observation that there is no single method that can give the best performance in all situations. To achieve MMF, we adopt a regression approach. The new MMF score is set to be the nonlinear combination of scores from multiple methods with suitable weights obtained by a training process. In order to improve the regression results further, we divide distorted images into three to five groups based on the distortion types and perform regression within each group, which is called "context-dependent MMF" (CD-MMF). One task in CD-MMF is to determine the context automatically, which is achieved by a machine learning approach. To further reduce the complexity of MMF, we perform algorithms to select a small subset from the candidate method set. The result is very good even if only three quality assessment methods are included in the fusion process. The proposed MMF method using support vector regression is shown to outperform a large number of existing IQA methods by a significant margin when being tested in six representative databases.
Mesenchymal‐stem‐cell‐derived exosomes accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is used for treatment of many diseases. The paracrine role of MSCs in tissue regeneration is attracting particular attention. We investigate the role of MSC exosomes in skeletal muscle regeneration. MSC exosomes promote myogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, and muscle regeneration in an in vivo model of muscle injury. Although MSC exosomes had low concentrations of muscle-repair-related cytokines, a number of repair-related miRNAs were identified. This study suggests that the MSC-derived exosomes promote muscle regeneration by enhancing myogenesis and angiogenesis, which is at least in part mediated by miRNAs such as miR-494.
Public Health Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona (2007)

Abstract : Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever is a fungal disease that occurs primarily in the southwestern United States. Of the estimated 150,000 U. S. coccidioidomycosis infections per year, approximately 60% occur in Arizona, making this state the focal point for investigation of the disease. In this manuscript, we describe the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis reported in Arizona over the last decade, hypotheses for the findings, and Arizona's response to the rising epidemic. Coccidioidomycosis surveillance data in Arizona consist of basic demographics of all laboratory and physician‐diagnosed cases, the reporting of which has been mandated by law since 1997. The rate of reported coccidioidomycosis has more than quadrupled over the last decade from 21 cases per 100,000 population in 1997 to 91 cases per 100,000 in 2006 ( P < 0.001). Case rates in older age groups (≥65 years old) have more than doubled since 2000 ( P < 0.001). These data demonstrate the rising coccidioidomycosis epidemic in Arizona, especially among the elderly. The increase in the numbers of reported cases can be partially explained by the institution of mandatory laboratory reporting in 1997, but the cause of the persistent rise after 1999 is unknown. Further investigation of coccidioidomycosis will not only assist with the development of public health interventions to control this disease in Arizona and the southwestern United States, but will also provide important information to prepare for a bioterrorism event caused by this select agent .
Silicon-film™ substrates adapted for low-cost GaAs-based solar cells (1999)

The utilization of polycrystalline silicon or silicon-on-ceramic material as a surrogate substrate for epitaxial GaAs-based solar cells is described. A close-spaced vapor transport (CSVT) process has been developed for epitaxial growth of germanium and GaAs “buffer” layers on polycrystalline silicon. A selective mode of epitaxial growth is preferred due to its potential for stress reduction and monolithic series interconnection.
Electromotive Force of the Cell with Transference and Theory of Interdiffusion of Electrolytes (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromotive Force of the Cell with Transference and Theory of Interdiffusion of ElectrolytesP. B. TaylorP. B. TaylorMore by P. B. TaylorCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1927, 31, 10, 1478–1500Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/j150280a002Request reuse permissions Article Views202Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (961 KB) Get e-Alerts
Performance of 4×4 optical crossbar switch utilising acousto-optic deflector (1989)

A multicasting photonic space switch reconfigurable in 50 ns is demonstrated utilising commercially available acoustooptic Bragg cells at λ = 0.83 µm. Insertion loss of 15 dB, extinction ratio of 33 dB, crosstalk of −24 dB and polarisation difference of 0.8 dB are reported.
Monomere und überbrückte (Phthalocyaninato)eisen(II)‐und ‐ruthenium(II)‐Komplexe mit 2,3,5,6‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐diisocyanbenzol (Me<sub>4</sub>dib) und 2,3,5,6‐Tetrachlor‐1,4‐diisocyanbenzol (Cl<sub>4</sub>dib) als axiale Liganden (1986)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des zweizähnigen Liganden 2,3,5,6‐Tetramethyl‐1,4‐diisocyanbenzol (Me 4 dib) mit (Phthalocyaninato)eisen(II) und (Phthalocyaninato)ruthenium(II) (PcM, MFe, Ru) führt je nach Reaktionsbedingung zu bisaxial koordinierten monomeren Derivaten PcM(Me 4 dib) 2 ; 1, M Fe; 2, M Ru, oder zu den überbrückten Komplexen [PcM‐(Me 4 dib)] n ; 3, M Fe; 4, M Ru, mit eindimensionaler Kettenstruktur. Mit 2,3,5,6‐Tetrachlor‐1,4‐diisocyanbenzol (Cl 4 dib) als Liganden werden die Polymeren 5–7 erhalten. Die Darstellung von 3 und 4 ist auch ausgehend von 1 und 2 durch Reaktion in einem Lösungsmittel oder thermisch als Festkörperreaktion möglich. Der Verlauf der Polymerisation in Lösung kann 1 H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch verfolgt, und die gebildeten Zwischenprodukte können charakterisiert werden. Die Strukturen 1–7 stehen in Einklang mit den zusätzlichen TG/DTG/DTA‐, 57 Fe‐Mößbauer‐ und IR ‐Untersuchungen. Trotz stark unterschiedlicher Leitfähigkeit der unkoordinierten Metallmakrocyclen PcM führt deren Umsetzung zu [PcML] n (L = zweizähniger Ligand) zu einer Angleichung ihrer Leitfähigkeiten.
Fragile watermarking scheme for H.264 video authentication (2010)

A novel H.264 advanced video coding fragile watermarking method is proposed that enables the authenticity and integrity of the video streams to be verified. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by way of experimental simulations. The results show that by embedding the watermark information in the last nonzero-quantized coefficient in each discrete cosine transform block, the proposed scheme induces no more than a minor distortion of the video content. In addition, we show that the proposed scheme is able to detect unauthorized changes in the watermarked video content without the original video. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed video authentication system.