gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl ester storage disease: Pathologic changes in an affected fetus (1987)

The prenatal diagnosis of cholesteryl ester storage disease, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, was made by demonstration of deficient lysosomal acid lipase activity in cultured amniocytes from an at-risk fetus. The histochemical and ultrastructural changes in the affected fetus (at 17 gestational weeks) are described and compared to findings in liver and duodenal biopsy specimens from a 9-year-old homozygous female. Massive lysosomal cholesterol and lipid accumulation was demonstrated in fetal hepatocytes, adrenal cells and syncytiotrophoblasts. Of particular note was the observation of extensive necrosis in the fetal adrenal glands. Necrosis of the adrenals may precede the calcification observed in some patients with cholesteryl ester storage disease and in most patients with Wolman disease, an allelic variant due to lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Fibrosis of the liver and lipid accumulation in macrophages in liver and duodenum, which were present in the 9-year-old homozygote, were not observed in the affected fetus, and therefore, may represent later manifestations of the disease.
Using neural networks in reliability prediction (1992)

It is shown that neural network reliability growth models have a significant advantage over analytic models in that they require only failure history as input and not assumptions about either the development environment or external parameters. Using the failure history, the neural-network model automatically develops its own internal model of the failure process and predicts future failures. Because it adjusts model complexity to match the complexity of the failure history, it can be more accurate than some commonly used analytic models. Results with actual testing and debugging data which suggest that neural-network models are better at endpoint predictions than analytic models are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flip chip assembly of MEMS inductors (2004)

In this paper, we describe the fabrication, assembly and RF characterisation of suspended MEMS inductors. The devices were fabricated on a carrier and then transferred onto the target substrate using a flip chip assembly and a carrier release technique. Suspended meander and spiral inductors have been successfully realised on glass substrates with an air gap of about 26 /spl mu/m above the substrate surface. Initial RF measurements show a peak-Q value of about 30 at /spl sim/ 6 GHz for a meander device, the corresponding inductance is about 1.5 nH.
Growth and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells: does 5-azacytidine trigger their cardiomyogenic differentiation? (2003)

Rat MSCs cannot be extensively expanded in vitro or be induced to differentiate in an expected cardiomyogenic way by 5-azacytidine-treatment, if the cells are not immortalized.
Dynamic nonlocal language modeling via hierarchical topic-based adaptation (1999)

This paper presents a novel method of generating and applying hierarchical, dynamic topic-based language models. It proposes and evaluates new cluster generation, hierarchical smoothing and adaptive topic-probability estimation techniques. These combined models help capture long-distance lexical dependencies. Experiments on the Broadcast News corpus show significant improvement in perplexity (10.5% overall and 33.5% on target vocabulary).
Nitrogen and Energy Relationships in Malnourished Patients with Emphysema (1988)

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nutritional support on nitrogen-energy relationships and functional parameters in malnourished patients with emphysema. Malnourished patients without lung disease served as the control group. Ten ambulatory, stable patients with emphysema and six patients without lung disease received an infusion of 5% dextrose (baseline) plus electrolytes (D5W) for two days, which was followed by an enteral or a parenteral infusion of either a carbohydrate-based (CB, 53% carbohydrate) or a fat-based diet (FB, 55% fat) for 1 wk each, in a randomized cross-over design. All patients had greater than 10% weight loss. Caloric intake was set at 1.7 times the resting energy expenditure (REE) as measured during the baseline period. The REE of patients with emphysema was 23 and 27% above that of the control group during baseline and refeeding periods, respectively. The increased REE was met primarily by an increased carbohydrate oxidation. During the infusion of D5W, N balance was lower in patients with emphysema, but during repletion N balance was similar in both groups of patients. Two weeks of nutritional support with either a CB or a FB diet increased body weight, N balance, and arm muscle area and improved maximal inspiratory pressure, skeletal muscle strength, and endurance-strength (using quadriceps, hamstring, and handgrip) to a similar degree in malnourished patients with and without lung disease. In other stress states, such as infection, it has been shown that hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, and preferential fat oxidation occur concomitantly. Patients with emphysema are unusual because, although they are hypermetabolic, they are not hypercatabolic and do not demonstrate preferential fat oxidation.
Tetrametallic Divalent Samarium Cluster Hydride and Dinitrogen Complexes (2000)

Reduction of trivalent samarium complexes obtained via reaction of SmCl3(THF)3 with the disodium salt of the dipyrrolide dianion [R2C(H3C4N)2]2- (R = Ph, 1/2 −(CH2)5−) were carried out with sodium in THF and under nitrogen. The two reactions respectively yielded the tetranuclear divalent hydride {Na(THF)6}{([Ph2C(C4H3N)2]Sm)4(H)(THF)2} (1) and the tetranuclear dinitrogen complex {[(CH2)5C(C4H3N)2]Sm}4(THF)2(μ-N2)[Na(THF)]2·2THF (2). Transmetalation of [(Me3Si)N]2Sm(THF)2 with 1,1-dipyrrolylcyclohexane afforded the dinitrogen complex {[(CH2)5C(C4H3N)2]Sm}4(μ-N2)·0.5THF (3). Despite the different oxidation states of 2 and 3 and the presence/absence of alkali-metal cation the two complexes display the same N−N distance.
<i>Dmpk</i>gene deletion or antisense knockdown does not compromise cardiac or skeletal muscle function in mice (2016)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic disorder in which dominant-active DM protein kinase (DMPK) transcripts accumulate in nuclear foci, leading to abnormal regulation of RNA processing. A leading approach to treat DM1 uses DMPK-targeting antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to reduce levels of toxic RNA. However, basal levels of DMPK protein are reduced by half in DM1 patients. This raises concern that intolerance for further DMPK loss may limit ASO therapy, especially since mice with Dmpk gene deletion reportedly show cardiac defects and skeletal myopathy. We re-examined cardiac and muscle function in mice with Dmpk gene deletion, and studied post-maturity knockdown using Dmpk-targeting ASOs in mice with heterozygous deletion. Contrary to previous reports, we found no effect of Dmpk gene deletion on cardiac or muscle function, when studied on two genetic backgrounds. In heterozygous knockouts, the administration of ASOs reduced Dmpk expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle by > 90%, yet survival, electrocardiogram intervals, cardiac ejection fraction and muscle strength remained normal. The imposition of cardiac stress by pressure overload, or muscle stress by myotonia, did not unmask a requirement for DMPK. Our results support the feasibility and safety of using ASOs for post-transcriptional silencing of DMPK in muscle and heart.
A free-standing, flexible lithium-ion anode formed from an air-dried slurry cast of high tap density SnO<sub>2</sub>, CMC polymer binder and Super-P Li (2014)

A free-standing electrode film composed of high tap density SnO2 particles and carboxymethyl cellulose binder with Super-P Li (SP-Li) conductive carbon was formed from an aqueous slurry cast by doctor-blading. Upon air-drying, the free-standing film spontaneously evolved via delamination from the substrate as the slurry solvent evaporated. The electrodes cut from the free-standing film were ∼5 μm thick with a SnO2 loading of ∼0.5 mg cm−2. The films were found to be easily handled, flexed and folded. For evaluation of the durability of the free-standing films, the tensile strength and elongation at break were measured: 13 MPa and 1.7%. The robustness of the electrically conductive network was measured with a four-point probe: the initial electrical resistivity of the film (0.6 Ω cm) was observed to increase by 6% after folding, applying pressure to the crease and unfolding. When tested in a coin cell, the electrode cycled stably with near 100% coulombic efficiency at up to 2 C and without capacity fade for 100 cycles at 1 C. To adjust the areal capacity of the cell, multiple free-standing films could be stacked. An electrode formed from several stacked films with an active material mass loading of greater than 4 mg cm−2 was found to cycle stably at 2.6 mA h cm−2 tested at 0.33 mA cm−2 current density. For evaluating cycling performance of the electrode while flexed, an electrode was placed in a once-folded pouch cell for testing at 1 C and cycled stably for 20 cycles before slight capacity fade was observed. For free-standing electrodes, 1D or 2D carbons such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene are commonly used to provide both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Here, CNTs were substituted for the SP-Li and similar free-standing films were made and compared. With CNT, the electrode strength at break as well as the electronic conductivity increased, but, despite this, the cycling performance of the electrodes made using the low-cost SP-Li carbon exceeds that of the electrodes made with orders-of-magnitude more expensive 1D carbon.
Enhanced PIP3 signaling in POMC neurons causes KATP channel activation and leads to diet-sensitive obesity (2006)

Leptin and insulin have been identified as fuel sensors acting in part through their hypothalamic receptors to inhibit food intake and stimulate energy expenditure. As their intracellular signaling converges at the PI3K pathway, we directly addressed the role of phosphatidylinositol3,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated (PIP3-mediated) signals in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons by inactivating the gene for the PIP3 phosphatase Pten specifically in this cell type. Here we show that POMC-specific disruption of Pten resulted in hyperphagia and sexually dimorphic diet-sensitive obesity. Although leptin potently stimulated Stat3 phosphorylation in POMC neurons of POMC cell-restricted Pten knockout (PPKO) mice, it failed to significantly inhibit food intake in vivo. POMC neurons of PPKO mice showed a marked hyperpolarization and a reduction in basal firing rate due to increased ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel activity. Leptin was not able to elicit electrical activity in PPKO POMC neurons, but application of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the KATP blocker tolbutamide restored electrical activity and leptin-evoked firing of POMC neurons in these mice. Moreover, icv administration of tolbutamide abolished hyperphagia in PPKO mice. These data indicate that PIP3-mediated signals are critical regulators of the melanocortin system via modulation of KATP channels.
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of phytochemicals from Brassica rapa L. (2016)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major causative agent of atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer as well as associated with gastric carcinogenesis. The bacteria not only can persistently colonize the stomach by evading the immune system of the host, but also has antibacterial drug resistance. Thus, the need for alternative medicine to effectively eradicate the bacteria has become more important. Phytochemicals from crucifer vegetables are well-known alternative medicines as antibacterial substances. Among various crucifer vegetables, a turnip (Brassica rapa L.), in the family Brassicaceae, was evaluated in the present study because of its popularity on ethnopharmacology and the advantage of long-term storage after harvest. The evaluation was done by colony formation unit calculation, urease activity test, anti-H. pylori IgG titer measurement, proinflammatory cytokine measurement, and histopathological assessment after sacrificing the infected mouse model. Among the experimental groups, the group treated with a high dose of myrosinase-reacted turnip roots exhibited a distinctive anti-H. pylori activities, such as reduced bacterial colonization and increased anti-H. pylori IgG titer. Thus, the present study suggests a turnip as a new functional dietary regimen for the treatment of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the present study can be utilized as a basis for the development of safe and effective drugs for other infectious alimentary diseases.
Topochemical Photopolymerization and Photo-Copolymerization of the Crystals of Unsymmetrically Substituted Diolefin Compounds Having Pyrimidine Ring (1989)

Abstract Several new diolefin compounds, methyl and ethyl 4-[2-(4-pyrimidyl)ethenyl]cinnamates (1a and 1b), and methyl, ethyl, and propyl α-cyano-4-[2-(4-pyrimidyl)ethenyl]cinnamates (1c, 1d, and 1e) were synthesized, and their photoreactivity in the crystalline state was investigated. The crystals of 1c, 1d, and 1e gave amorphous oligomers having cyclobutane skeletons (average degree of polymerization was approximately 10) through the [2+2] photocycloaddition. The dimers (2c, 2d, and 2e) were formed in high yields by the exclusive photoexcitation of the monomers. The dimers were isolated by column chromatography. The cyclobutane structure of 2c and 2d was β-type homo adduct whereas that of 2e was β-type hetero adduct. As only one type of adduct was detected for each crystal, photodimerization was interpreted as being of a crystal lattice controlled process. The conversions of these reactions were not as high as that of the reaction in α-type of 2,5-distyrylpyrazine (DSP). The lower conversion was interpreted as being due to alternative reacting sites which inevitably result from the β-type molecular packing and to the drastic displacement of molecules which causes the distortion of crystal lattice. The mixed crystals (1f) of 1d and 1e (molar ratio 1.3/1), of which the X-ray diffraction pattern is similar to that of 1e, photopolymerized to give amorphous cooligomers (average degree of polymerization was approximately 5). The reaction went through an intermediate similar to dimer 2e.
Physiology and Physiopathology of the Reticuloendothelial System (1970)

In many areas of experimental biology and medicine, there has been an explosive growth of interest and research activity. Such growth has resulted in an enormous body of scientific data on a variety of experimental areas. Although of significant value with regard to the understanding of basic biological processes, such growth has made it difficult for both the scientist and clinician to read, comprehend, and interrelate this body of knowledge on a conceptual level. This type of information explosion has definitely occurred with regard to experimental studies on the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and as such I am pleased to have the opportunity to review and interrelate important experimental and clinical findings on the physiology and physiopathology of the RES. The physiological activities of the RES and the factors that influence this diffuse system of fixed and mobile macrophages are numerous. In this regard, the involvement of the RES in lipid
Electric Resistive Heat Curing of the Fiber-Matrix Interphase in Graphite/Epoxy Composites (1991)

Abstract A novel method for tailoring the interphase of carbon fiber-polymer composites by resistive electric heating is presented. The single fiber-epoxy resin tensile test is used to investigate the adhesion and fracture properties of the interphase. Electric resistive heating is shown to increase adhesion and toughness at the interphase region. In analyzing the results, the strength and fracture energy of the interphase are related to the thermal postcure conditions created by resistive electric heating. For this purpose, difference analysis method is used to obtain numerical solution for heat conduction problem in the single fiber test specimen and the temperature distributions are plotted. Improvements obtained using resistive electric heating via carbon fiber are compared with those obtained by postcuring of the whole sample via convective thermal postcuring. The results obtained using these two different postcure methods seem to be similar with electric heating procedure producing superior benefits in both increased toughness and adhesion.
Chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 23. 2-Methyl- and 2-methylenecephalosporins (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 23. 2-Methyl- and 2-methylenecephalosporinsIan Glaisby Wright, C. W. Ashbrook, T. Goodson, G. V. Kaiser, and E. M. Van HeyningenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 5, 420–426Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00287a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00287a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review article : Emesis in the patient with advanced cancer (1988)

The control of symptoms related to far advanced cancer has improved dramatically in recent years, making the passage of death more tolerable for such patients. The major impact of analgesic control now allows research efforts to focus on other distressing symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. The emetic process is a complex physiological and psychological one of multifactorial aetiology. Rapid improvement in our understanding of these processes is allowing the more rational use of known antiemetics and the development of new antiemetic agents. A rapid expansion of the literature of cytotoxic-induced emesis has pointed to new antiemetic agents and new schedules of administration. This review emphasises the need to identify the cause of emesis before attempting indirectly to block the emetic process with antiemetic drugs. It also outlines the many areas where research could be applied to unravel some of the questions about which antiemetic to use, in what dose, and perhaps to identify the main site of emetic stimulus. More effective research is required, but the outlook for improved control of nausea and vomiting in the terminally ill patient is good.
Steady state in magnetic resonance pulse experiments (1992)

Relaxation during multiple-pulse magnetic resonance experiments is treated by an average Liouvillian technique. The finite lattice temperature is taken into account by means of phenomenological correction terms. Both the transient and long-term response of the spin system are readily treated. We predict and verify a novel steady state of correlated spin polarizations in a spin-pair system under a periodic sequence of strong \ensuremath{\pi} pulses.
Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties of AZ31/Eggshell Particle-Based Magnesium Composites (2022)

Magnesium (AZ31) is an excellent choice for a bionic implant. To enhance biocompatibility, the hardest graphene nanoparticles were reinforced with biocompatible materials. In this paper, biocompatibility composite material is produced by stir-casting nanoshell particles reinforced with various weight percentages (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt. percent) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. To understand the mechanical properties of the composite material, results of which are compared to the base alloy (AZ31) are used. The study mentioned how AZ31 magnesium alloy, reinforced with reinforcing particles, may be used to create implant-related human bone materials. Magnesium alloy reinforced with reinforcing particles is described in the study.
Polycationic Chitosan‐Conjugated Photosensitizer for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy<sup>†</sup> (2011)

The complex nature of bacterial cell membrane and structure of biofilm has challenged the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This study was aimed to synthesize a polycationic chitosan-conjugated rose bengal (CSRB) photosensitizer and test its antibiofilm efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis (gram positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) using photodynamic therapy. During experiments, CSRB was tested along with an anionic photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) and a cationic photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) for uptake and killing efficacy on 7-day-old E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa biofilms. Microbiological culture based analysis was used to analyze the cell viability, while laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to examine the structure of biofilm. The synthesized CSRB showed absorbance spectrum similar to the RB. The concentration of CSRB uptaken by both the bacterial biofilms was significantly higher than that of RB and MB (P < 0.05). Photoactivation resulted in significantly higher elimination of both bacterial biofilms sensitized with CSRB than RB and MB. The structure of biofilm under LSCM was found to be disrupted following CSRB treatment. The present study highlighted the importance of inherent cell membrane permeabilizing effect of chitosan and increased cell/biofilm uptake of conjugated photosensitizer to produce significant antibiofilm efficacy during photodynamic therapy.
A growing family of Notch ligands (1998)

Signaling through Notch-like receptors is an evolutionarily well-conserved mechanism for cell-cell communication. Transmembrane ligands of the DSL (Delta, Serrate, LAG-2) family signal to Notch receptors on a neighboring cell, which results in an intracellular signaling cascade, influencing cellular differentiation. Recently published data shed new light on the repertoire of ligands and on processing of Notch receptors. One report provides evidence for a novel, more distantly related ligand of the Delta-type in mouse, DII3 (Delta-like 3). Ectopic expression of DII3 perturbs primary neurogenesis in frog embryos in a manner expected for a bona fide Notch ligand. Two reports provide new information about processing of Notch receptors. A novel protease, Kuzbanian, is identified, which cleaves the Notch receptor at the extracellular side. Biochemical experiments show that the cleavage probably occurs during intracellular trafficking, and that only processed Notch receptors appear at the cell surface. Taken together, these reports extend our knowledge about an important event in cell-cell communication--how Notch ligands and receptors meet and interact.