gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pasireotide (SOM230) shows efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors refractory or resistant to octreotide LAR: results from a phase II study (2012)

Pasireotide (SOM230) is a novel multireceptor-targeted somatostatin (sst) analog with high binding affinity for sst receptor subtype 1, 2, 3 (sst(1,2,3)) and sst(5). Because of this binding profile, pasireotide may offer symptom control in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and carcinoid syndrome no longer responsive to octreotide LAR. This was a phase II, open-label, multicenter study of pasireotide in patients with advanced NET whose symptoms of carcinoid syndrome (diarrhea/flushing) were inadequately controlled by octreotide LAR. Patients received s.c. pasireotide 150 μg twice daily (bid), escalated to a maximum dose of 1200 μg bid until a clinical response was achieved. Forty-four patients were evaluated for efficacy and 45 for tolerability. Pasireotide 600-900 μg s.c. bid effectively controlled the symptoms of diarrhea and flushing in 27% of patients. Evaluation of tumor response in 23 patients showed 13 with stable disease and ten with progressive disease at study end. The most common drug-related adverse events were nausea (27%), abdominal pain (20%), weight loss (20%), and hyperglycemia (16%) and most were of mild or moderate severity. Pasireotide 600-900 μg s.c. bid was effective and generally well tolerated in controlling the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome in 27% of patients with advanced NET refractory or resistant to octreotide LAR therapy.
SOFC Performance with Fe-Cr-Mn Alloy Interconnect (2005)

The performances of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) utilizing a -containing ferritic stainless steel (Crofer22 APU) as the cathode current collector were assessed. Three cathodes were considered: , , and (all samples incorporated a -doped interlayer between the cathode and the thin-film yttria-stablized zirconia electrolyte). Inclusion of the alloy caused rapid degradation in all samples, which was attributed to solid-state reactivity at the cathode-Crofer interface, in addition to volatilization from the alloy and subsequent condensation/reaction within the cathode and at the cathode-electrolyte interface. In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to assess the cathode-Crofer reaction products. Preoxidation of the Crofer at for to form a protective spinel coating resulted in a marginal reduction of the cell degradation rate.
[Establish a screening system for selection of mRNA target sites for HBsAg to construct siRNA with shRNA]. (2004)

The results showed that the 579 site of HBV surface gene sequence was an effective target and pAVU6 + 4sh579 vector could suppress the HBs-EGFP expression in AD293 cells
Evidence for entropic barrier transport of linear, star, and ring macromolecules in electrophoresis gels (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for entropic barrier transport of linear, star, and ring macromolecules in electrophoresis gelsD. A. Hoagland and M. MuthukumarCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6696–6698Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00050a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of weak signals in narrowband non-Gaussian noise (1979)

A class of nonlinear receiver structures is described for the detection of weak signals in non-Gaussian narrowband noise. In particular, the concept of a locally optimum receiver structure is extended to the ease of narrowband signal and noise models. A useful class of non-Gaussian narrowband noise models is developed for which the locally optimum receiver implementation is explicitly determined. These structures are shown to provide considerable improvement over conventional linear receiver structures. The basis of comparison is taken as the asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE). Unfortunately, the locally optimum receiver requires explicit <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">{sl a priori}</tex> knowledge of the underlying noise distribution. To circumvent this difficulty a rather simple adaptive nonlinear receiver structure is described which attempts to adapt to the unknown prevailing noise environment. This adaptive receiver is shown to provide fairly efficient and robust performance in a wide variety of non-Gaussian narrowband noise environments.
Synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging using a convex array (2002)

Describes a novel Fourier-domain synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging method which employs a curved array with an aperture size comparable to that of a phased array. The main advantage of the new approach is that two-way synthetic focusing is achieved without a complex hardware. In addition, the effective imaging aperture size is doubled and a uniform lateral resolution is obtained. In simulation, the length of the convex aperture was 28 mm and its opening angle was 60/spl deg/. Results show that a uniform -6 dB lateral resolution of 1/spl deg/ was achieved in a depth range of 20 mm-150 mm. The -50 dB lateral resolution was about 4.5/spl deg/ and the side lobe level of the point-spread function was below -60 dB. The proposed approach is feasible for a low-cost, high-quality, real-time imaging system with potential applications in cardiology and in intravascular imaging.
Apples and oranges (2010)

Comparison of schedule and contention based MAC protocols is made difficult by their fundamental differences in approach to medium access control. This paper provides a way in which to analyze and compare MAC protocols regardless of their underlying allocation strategy. To that end a framework is developed in which the persistence of any protocol, contention- or schedule-based, can be measured. The framework is used to measure and compare the persistence levels of two prototypical contention- and schedule-based MACs, IEEE 802.11 and Scheduled p-Persistence. An ideal persistence that provides lexicographically max-min fair access to the channel is characterized, and used as a bandwidth allocation scheme. In addition to reducing the unfairness, simulations employing the ideal persistence values show increased throughput and decreased delay and drop rate when compared to either Scheduled p-Persistence or IEEE 802.11.
Preparation of Carbon Nanoparticles from Candle Soot (2008)

Abstract Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared by simply mixing candle soot into ethanolic Nafion solution under ultrasonic radiation for 90 min. Well-defined CNPs could be obtained after centrifugation and washing. The products were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A possible formation mechanism is proposed. Electrochemical measurements show that they may be useful as biosensors.
Dissecting the Structural and Functional Roles of the S3-S4 Linker of Pacemaker (Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-modulated) Channels by Systematic Length Alterations (2004)

If or Ih, a key player in neuronal and cardiac pacing, is encoded by the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channel gene family. We have recently reported that the S3-S4 linker (i.e. residues 229EKGMDSEVY237 of HCN1) prominently influences the activation phenotypes of HCN channels and that part of the linker may conform a secondary helical structure. Here we further dissected the structural and functional roles of this linker by systematic alterations of its length. In contrast to voltage-gated K+ channels, complete deletion of the S3-S4 linker (Delta229-237) did not produce functional channels. Similarly, the deletions Delta229-234, Delta232-234, and Delta232-237 also abolished normal current activity. Interestingly, Delta229-231, Delta233-237, Delta234-237, Delta235-237, Delta229-231/Delta233-237, Delta229-231/Delta234-237, and Delta229-231/Delta235-237 all yielded robust hyperpolarization-activated inward currents, indicating that loss-of-function caused by deletion could be rescued by keeping the single functionally important residue Met232 alone. Whereas shortening the linker by deletion generally shifted steady-state activation in the depolarizing direction (e.g. DeltaV1/2 of Delta229-231, Delta233-237, Delta235-237 > +10 mV relative to wild type), linker prolongation by duplicating the entire linker (Dup229-237) or by glutamine insertion (InsQ233Q, InsQQ233QQ and InsQQQ233QQQ, or Ins237QQQ) produced length-dependent progressive hyperpolarizing activation shifts (-35 mV < DeltaV1/2 < -4 mV). Based on these results, we conclude that only Met232 is prerequisite for channels to function, but the length and other constituents of the S3-S4 linker shape the ultimate activation phenotype. Our results also highlight several evolutionary similarities and differences between HCN and voltage-gated K+ channels. Manipulations of the S3-S4 linker length may provide a flexible approach to customize HCN gating for engineering electrically active cells (such as stem cell-derived neuronal and cardiac pacemakers) for gene- and cell-based therapies.
Analysis of multiresonant frequency selective surfaces (2002)

A dyadic Green's function methodology is used to analyze periodic structures with open or short circuited square rings as elements. The possibility of using this geometry for multiband operation is investigated. The reflection and transmission coefficients of both short and open circuited square rings of conducting patches for both free-standing and dielectric-supported cases are computed. The periodicity of the structure makes it possible to satisfy the boundary conditions by imposing then only on a single selected path. This has been done, and the method of moments is utilized to solve the resulting integral equations numerically. Specifically, the Galerkin method along with triangular basis functions is used to model the current distribution on the conducting patches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Paging systems: network architectures and interfaces (1997)

In the past few years, the penetration rate of the paging service has significantly increased. The paging service is competitive because paging networks offer inexpensive service in large service coverage areas, and pagers are cheap and easy to carry. This article provides an overview of the one-way paging network architecture and the interfaces among the paging network elements. The author also briefly describes two-way paging services and uses the GSM short message service as an example to illustrate how two-way messaging can be offered under the cellular platform.
Identifying positive selection candidate loci for high-altitude adaptation in Andean populations (2009)

High-altitude environments (>2,500 m) provide scientists with a natural laboratory to study the physiological and genetic effects of low ambient oxygen tension on human populations. One approach to understanding how life at high altitude has affected human metabolism is to survey genome-wide datasets for signatures of natural selection. In this work, we report on a study to identify selection-nominated candidate genes involved in adaptation to hypoxia in one highland group, Andeans from the South American Altiplano. We analysed dense microarray genotype data using four test statistics that detect departures from neutrality. Using a candidate gene, single nucleotide polymorphism-based approach, we identified genes exhibiting preliminary evidence of recent genetic adaptation in this population. These included genes that are part of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor ( HIF ) pathway, a biochemical pathway involved in oxygen homeostasis, as well as three other genomic regions previously not known to be associated with high-altitude phenotypes. In addition to identifying selection-nominated candidate genes, we also tested whether the HIF pathway shows evidence of natural selection. Our results indicate that the genes of this biochemical pathway as a group show no evidence of having evolved in response to hypoxia in Andeans. Results from particular HIF -targeted genes, however, suggest that genes in this pathway could play a role in Andean adaptation to high altitude, even if the pathway as a whole does not show higher relative rates of evolution. These data suggest a genetic role in high-altitude adaptation and provide a basis for genotype/phenotype association studies that are necessary to confirm the role of putative natural selection candidate genes and gene regions in adaptation to altitude.
Effect of a Novel Eicosapentaenoic Acid‐Rich Oil on Serum Cholesterol in Man: Comparison to Docosahexaenoic Acid (2010)

Background Fish oil and DHA raise LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C); the effects of EPA are less defined. Study Design 121 healthy volunteers were recruited into a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm, 6 week study. The placebo group received olive oil; the low dose EPA group (EPA600) received 600 mg/day of a yeast derived EPA; the high dose EPA group (EPA1800) received 1800 mg/day, and the DHA group (DHA600) received 600 mg/day of an algal derived DHA. Notably, the EPA oil did not contain any DHA and the DHA oil did not contain any EPA. Results 110 subjects completed the study. The study population was 21–70 yrs of age, 67% male, 33% female, with an average BMI of 27.4. Subjects were not allowed lipid‐lowering medications or omega‐3 dietary supplements during the study and were counseled to maintain their normal diet and exercise programs. The number of subjects who remained free of fishy aftertaste or eructation was 92% for placebo, 85% for EPA600, 72% for EPA1800, and 61% for DHA600. The placebo group exhibited a 6% decrease in LDL‐C (n=26, P<0.01); the EPA600 group a 3% decrease in LDL‐C (n=27, NS), the EPA1800 group a 2% decrease in LDL‐C (n=29, NS); in contrast, the DHA group exhibited a 14% increase in LDL‐C (n=28, P<0.02). HDL and TG levels were relatively unaffected. Conclusion DHA, but not EPA, raised LDL‐C in normal lipidemic subjects at a dietary intake of 600 mg/day for 6 weeks. Funded by DuPont.
Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period (2012)

The main objective of this experiment was to monitor the rumination pattern during the transition period in primiparous (PR) and pluriparous (PL) dairy cows and to investigate its relationships with metabolic conditions, milk yield, and health status. The study was carried out in an experimental free-stall barn and involved 32 Italian Friesian cows (9 PR and 23 PL) during the transition phase. The rumination time (RT) was recorded with an automatic system (HR-Tag), and data were calculated and summarized in 2-h intervals. Blood samples were collected during the transition phase to assess biochemical variables related to energy, protein, and mineral metabolism, as well as markers of inflammatory conditions and some enzyme activity. Daily milk yield, BW, nutritional condition, and health status were also recorded. The average RT before calving (−20 to −6 d) was 463 min/d in PR (range 270 to 620) and 522 min/d in PL (range 411 to 640). In the early lactation [15 to 40 d in milk (DIM)], the average RT was 504 min/d in PR (range 400 to 585) and 562 min/d in PL (range 414 to 685) and was positively correlated with milk yield (r = 0.36; P < 0.001). The RT reached the minimum at calving d (262 min/d in PR and 278 min/d in PL). Before calving the percentage of RT during the nighttime was 60% in PR and 62% in PL, whereas the values decreased after calving (55% in PR and 57% in PL). During the first weeks of lactation, PR showed a shorter RT than PL in the 2-h intervals that included milkings. Cows with reduced RT before calving maintained reduced RT after calving and suffered a greater frequency of disease than cows with greater RT in late pregnancy. Moreover, cows characterized by mild inflammatory conditions and without health disorders or only mild health disorders during the puerperium showed a greater average rumination time (over 520 min/d) during the first 10 d of lactation. Conversely, the decreased RT (450 min/d) during the first few days of lactation was observed in cows with subclinical diseases or health disorders. Cows affected by clinical mastitis during the trial showed a reduction of RT and a change in its variability already some days before the drug treatment. Our results suggest that the automatic measurement of RT is useful to predict calving time and to quickly obtain information on health status of the animals in a period as critical as the transition phase.
Electric-field-driven nano-oxidation trimming of silicon microrings and interferometers (2011)

Nanoscale disorder results in severe spectral misalignment of silicon microring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We correct for such effects using electric-field-induced waveguide nano-oxidation, demonstrating a tuning wavelength range of several nanometers and 0.002 nm resolution without line shape degradation. Field-induced nano-oxidation is a permanent and precise technique and requires no new materials or high-temperature processing.
MINIMARS conceptual design: Final report (1986)

This volume contains the following sections: (1) fueling systems; (2) blanket; (3) alternative blanket concepts; (4) halo scraper/direct converter system study and final conceptual design; (5) heat-transport and power-conversion systems; (6) tritium systems; (7) minimars air detritiation system; (8) appropriate radiological safety design criteria; and (9) cost estimate. (MOW)
Key amino acid residues required for aryl migration catalysed by the cytochrome P450 2‐hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (2002)

Isoflavonoids are distributed predominantly in leguminous plants, and play pivotal roles in the interaction of host plants with biological environments. Isoflavones in the diet also have beneficial effects on human health as phytoestrogens. The isoflavonoid skeleton is constructed by the CYP93C subfamily of cytochrome P450s in plant cells. The reaction consists of hydroxylation of the flavanone molecule at C-2 and an intramolecular 1,2-aryl migration from C-2 to C-3 to yield 2-hydroxyisoflavanone. In this study, with the aid of alignment of amino acid sequences of CYP93 family P450s and a computer-generated putative stereo structure of the protein, candidates for key amino acid residues in CYP93C2 responsible for the unique aryl migration in 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase reaction were identified. Microsomes of recombinant yeast cells expressing mutant proteins of CYP93C2 were prepared, and their catalytic activities tested. The reaction with the mutant in which Ser 310 in the centre of the I-helix was converted to Thr yielded increased formation of 3-hydroxyflavanone, a by-product of the 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase reaction, in addition to the major isoflavonoid product. More dramatically, the mutant in which Lys 375 in the end of beta-sheet 1-4 was replaced with Thr produced only 3-hydroxyflavanone and did not yield the isoflavonoid any longer. The roles of these amino acid residues in the catalysis and evolution of isoflavonoid biosynthesis are discussed.
Synthesis of high purity sinterable Si sub 3 N sub 4 powders (1990)

To meet the needs of silicon nitride ceramics for vehicle applications, a vapor-SiCl{sub 4} -- liquid ammonia'' process was further developed to pre-pilot scale for synthesis of equi-axed Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} powders via a silicon diimide intermediate. In this Ceramic Technology for Advanced Heat Engines (CTAHE) project, control of the ordinarily exothermic reaction was achieved without organic contaminants through use of the vapor under pressure to allow operation near room temperature. In this report, the pre-pilot plant, its development, and operation are described. Then, characteristics are given for the low-oxygen imide intermediate, thermal decomposition, and the equi-axed, high alpha/(alpha+beta) nitride product powder. In spite of oxygen contamination, the powder sintered at ambient pressure to 88% of theoretical density. Finally, based on experience with the pre-pilot plant, process features are discussed in terms of yield, non-clogging of the chloride inlet, agitation speed, chloride removal at low temperature, lack of corrosion, and parameters that are needed for continuous flow designs. A comparison is drawn with the pressurized liquid-chloride--liquid-ammonia'' process, which is described in an appendix. 35 refs., 27 figs., 9 tabs.
<title>Creation of carbide in critical CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> by UV laser</title> (2004)

A YAG laser of 266 nm is focused just above or at the surface of a Ni substrate in a near critical CO<sub>2</sub> chamber. Since the compressibility of CO<sub>2</sub> becomes very high, strong shock waves may be produced by laser irradiation. We are going to investigate the dependence of the nano structures for nickel and CO<sub>2</sub> on the laser power and the focus point. After the laser radiation, we found fine grains on the Ni substrate with a scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Synthesis of Poly-<scp>L</scp>-Lysine Containing Nucleic Acid Bases (1980)

Among the naturally occurring polymers with multiple functionality, nucleic acids seem to be the most interesting species. The nucleic acids, that is, DNA and RNA, contain two bases of the purine family, adenine and guanine, and also those of the pyrimidine family, thymine ( in the latter case, uracil ) and cytosine. The most essential function of the nucleic acid bases is considered to be the formation of base-base pairing through hydrogen bonding between purines and pyrimidines, such as thymine ( or uracil ) with adenine, and cytosine with guanine, which plays an important role in realizing the replication and transcription of genetic codes for protein synthesis. The chemistry of nucleic acid analogs has received much attention in recent years, and a series of nucleic acid models has been designed and widely prepared, in order to estimate and utilize their functionalities in relation to the specific base-pairing properties (