gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental Rate as a Function of Temperature in Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1996)

Development of immature northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, was studied at 7 constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 31.5°C. Development occurred at all temperatures, however, survival was lowest at 15 and 31.5°C for both males and females. The proportion of time spent in each life stage from hatch to adult emergence was independent of sex and ≈15% for 1st instars, 18% for 2nd instars, 41% for 3rd instars, and 25% for the pupal stage. Developmental times, from hatch to adult emergence, between males and females were substantially different. A developmental threshold of 10.2°C was estimated for development from hatch to adult emergence. Development from hatch to adult emergence was fastest at 30°C, taking ≈28 d, and slowest at 15°C taking 98 d.
Using probe data to estimate OD matrices (2005)

Probes provide an entirely new kind of data source for estimating OD matrices. Indeed, if probes were the Universe of vehicles, then the OD matrix would be known with certainty, failing limitations of the way the probes are sensed and variations from day to day. Consequently, the question is: what tradeoffs exist between probe density and the quality of the estimated matrix? In addition, do different methodologies produce matrices of different quality and how does the availability of other data, like link volume counts, influence the quality of the matrix produced? Moreover, what type of estimation methodology works best? These questions are addressed in this paper, through a literature review, a discussion of the issues involved, and an example problem. One conclusion reached by the authors is that it is possible under certain conditions to obtain a mean absolute percent deviation of 9% for the OD flows if the percentage of probe trips is 10%.
Facts and Fancies About a Posteriori "Wiener" Filtering (1981)

A posterior "Wiener" filtering is an estimation technique that has gained renewed interest in recent years, particularly in evoked potential studies. However, several misconceptions appear to exist with respect to the theory and its applicability. The purpose of this paper is to clarify these aspects and to explain the method in a comprehensive manner. Finally, the use of a more powerful time-varying filtering technique is recommended.
When your sensor earns money (2014)

Bitcoin is an emerging technology which allows two entities to exchange value overt the Internet without trust. Embracing that those entities could well be machines we present a system that allows a sensor to offer its measurement data directly to a world-wide data market. Based on the concept introduced in Noyen et al [1], we describe a prototypical implementation of the process of exchanging data for electronic cash between a sensor and a requester by leveraging the Bitcoin network and discuss its current limitations.
Critera for direct blind deconvolution of MIMO FIR systems driven by white source signals (1999)

This paper addresses the blind deconvolution of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) FIR systems driven by white non-Gaussian source signals. First, we present a weaker condition on source signals than the so-called i.i.d. condition so that blind deconvolution is possible. Then, under this condition, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for blind deconvolution of MIMO FIR systems. Finally, based on this result, we propose two maximization criteria for blind deconvolution of MIMO FIR systems. These criteria are simple enough to be implemented by adaptive algorithms.
The Kinesin-related Proteins, Kip2p and Kip3p, Function Differently in Nuclear Migration in Yeast (1998)

The roles of two kinesin-related proteins, Kip2p and Kip3p, in microtubule function and nuclear migration were investigated. Deletion of either gene resulted in nuclear migration defects similar to those described for dynein and kar9 mutants. By indirect immunofluorescence, the cytoplasmic microtubules in kip2Delta were consistently short or absent throughout the cell cycle. In contrast, in kip3Delta strains, the cytoplasmic microtubules were significantly longer than wild type at telophase. Furthermore, in the kip3Delta cells with nuclear positioning defects, the cytoplasmic microtubules were misoriented and failed to extend into the bud. Localization studies found Kip2p exclusively on cytoplasmic microtubules throughout the cell cycle, whereas GFP-Kip3p localized to both spindle and cytoplasmic microtubules. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the kip2Delta kar9Delta double mutants were synthetically lethal, whereas kip3Delta kar9Delta double mutants were viable. Conversely, kip3Delta dhc1Delta double mutants were synthetically lethal, whereas kip2Delta dhc1Delta double mutants were viable. We suggest that the kinesin-related proteins, Kip2p and Kip3p, function in nuclear migration and that they do so by different mechanisms. We propose that Kip2p stabilizes microtubules and is required as part of the dynein-mediated pathway in nuclear migration. Furthermore, we propose that Kip3p functions, in part, by depolymerizing microtubules and is required for the Kar9p-dependent orientation of the cytoplasmic microtubules.
Adaptive time division multiplexing transmission scheme for the distributed video coding (2016)

In recent years, most of the research about distributed video coding focus on how to get the exact side-information and virtual channel estimation parameters in order to achieve better rate-distortion performance. However, there is quite few research about the practical transmission issue, i.e., no practical and effective transmission scheme has been proposed yet for distributed video coding (DVC). Feedback channel based DVC can usually achieve better rate-distortion performance, while leading to long delay because of feed-backs. The traditional video transmission scheme, which doesn't consider the characteristics of DVC, will introduce long delay since the encoder needs to wait until receiving the feedback information. As a result, the effective bandwidth of the network will be reduced greatly. In this paper, we have proposed an adaptive time division multiplexing video transmission scheme for the DVC which can reduce the delay due to waiting feed-backs. Experimental results show that our method can reduce transmission time effectively. And as a result, it can improve the effective bandwidth and the buffer utilization rate, thus higher transmission efficiency can be achieved.
Dynamic inter-organizational cooperation setup in Circle-of-Trust environments (2008)

The need for collaborative service provisioning across different providerspsila domains is being addressed by circles of trust (CoT), whose members adhere to the same policies and expose the same interfaces for collaboration. Todaypsilas CoT specifications require a high initial effort on behalf of enrolling members, thus obviating quick or even ad hoc setup of business cooperation with entities outside a CoT. We explore a procedure that complements the static aspects of the CoT by a dynamic assessment of trust levels between organizations. Its benefit lies in the shortened setup time for a business interaction, which can be achieved by automating the assessment process. The appraisement of a potential partner outside a CoT leverages existing CoT memberspsila experience. We propose algorithms suitable for calculating trust values and discuss alternative solutions to be used where reputation-based assessment within the CoT is impossible.
Task decomposition and module combination based on class relations: a modular neural network for pattern classification (1999)

In this paper, we propose a new method for decomposing pattern classification problems based on the class relations among training data. By using this method, we can divide a K-class classification problem into a series of ((2)(K)) two-class problems. These two-class problems are to discriminate class Ci from class Cj for i=1, ..., K and j = i+1, while the existence of the training data belonging to the other K-2 classes is ignored. If the two-class problem of discriminating class Ci from class Cj is still hard to be learned, we can further break down it into a set of two-class subproblems as small as we expect. Since each of the two-class problems can be treated as a completely separate classification problem with the proposed learning framework, all of the two-class problems can be learned in parallel. We also propose two module combination principles which give practical guidelines in integrating individual trained network modules. After learning of each of the two-class problems with a network module, we can easily integrate all of the trained modules into a min-max modular (M3) network according to the module combination principles and obtain a solution to the original problem. Consequently, a large-scale and complex K-class classification problem can be solved effortlessly and efficiently by learning a series of smaller and simpler two-class problems in parallel.
SPEECH SELF-MONITORING IN PRESCHOOLERS: THE EFFECTS OF DELAYED AUDITORY FEEDBACK ON RECITATION (2000)

39 3- to 6-yr.-old children counted to 10 or recited the alphabet with normal auditory feedback, and delays of 150, 350, and 550 msec. There were no age differences. In addition to affecting rate of speech, delay differentially influenced the prosody, intelligibility, and content of utterances. For both tasks and all delay intervals, delay slowed speaking and produced more prosodic disturbances than no delay. More disturbances of intelligibility occurred at the 350- and 550-msec. delays than under no or 150-msec. delay. Disturbances in the content of counting were greater than in the no-delay condition but did not differ across delays. For alphabet recitation, disturbances in content under delay were greater than under no delay and were greater at 350 and 550 msec. than at 150 msec. Thirty-four children lost track of what they were doing; 10 articulated confusion. Children as young as 3 years of age concurrently self-monitor their speech for content.
Human eosinophil–airway smooth muscle cell interactions (2000)

Eosinophils are present throughout the airway wall of asthmatics. The nature of the interaction between human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) and eosinophils was investigated in this study. We demonstrated, using light microscopy, that freshly isolated eosinophils from healthy donors rapidly attach to ASMC in vitro. Numbers of attached eosinophils were highest at 2 h, falling to 50% of maximum by 20 h. Eosinophil attachment at 2 h was reduced to 72% of control by anti-VCAM-1, and to 74% at 20 h by anti-ICAM-1. Pre-treatment of ASMC for 24h with TNF-alpha, 10 nM, significantly increased eosinophil adhesion to 149 and 157% of control after 2 and 20 h. These results provide evidence that eosinophil interactions with ASMC involve VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and are modulated by TNF-alpha.
A versatile alginate droplet generator applicable for microencapsulation of pancreatic islets (1992)

Alginate beads for immunoisolation of pancreatic islets by microencapsulation should be small, smooth, and spherical in order to ensure that around the islets a strong alginate-polylysine-alginate capsule will be formed with optimal biocompatibility and diffusion of nutrients and hormones. However, the preparation of small capsules around islets is difficult. Our newly designed air jet droplet generator allows for variations in the length and diameter of the alginate nozzle and the air jacket and is in this way adaptable to a required bead size. Alginate droplets are converted into rigid beads in a 100 mM CaCl 2 solution. Their size depends upon the diameter of the jacket, the air flow rate, and the outer diameter of the nozzle, whereas the production rate depends upon the pressure on the alginate, and on the diameter and the length of the nozzle. When the air flow or the alginate flow surpasses a certain rate, the droplets are fragmented. This study describes the mutual relationship of these variables and defines their optimal range for reproducible production of smooth and spherical beads for microencapsulation of islets at an acceptable production rate.
Herbicide pyrazolate causes cessation of carotenoids synthesis in early watergrass by inhibiting 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (2002)

In aqueous solution, the herbicide pyrazolate [4‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐pyrazolyl p ‐toluenesulfonate] is rapidly hydrolyzed to destosyl pyrazolate (DTP), 4‐(2,4‐dichlorobenzoyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐hydroxypyrazole, which is an active form of the herbicide. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of pyrazolate and DTP on carotenoids synthesis in susceptible weed, early watergrass ( Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.). Furthermore, their in vitro effect on 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) was determined. Roots of the plants at the two‐leaf stage were soaked for 24 h into pyrazolate (5 × 10 –5 mol L −1 ) or norflurazon (10 –6 mol L −1 ) solution containing 0.5% volume of acetone. At the first sampling time (3 days after treatment: 3 DAT), the chlorophyll content in the third leaves of pyrazolate‐treated plants were not different compared with the untreated control, but it was decreased between 3 and 6 DAT. The declining pattern of β‐carotene in the third leaf of early watergrass was very similar to that of chlorophyll. Both herbicides induced greater accumulation of phytoene in the third leaves of early watergrass 3 DAT, and the levels were kept until 9 DAT. However, feeding of homogentisate reduced the phytoene accumulation only in pyrazolate‐treated plants, suggesting the site of action of the herbicide located in the pathway of plastoquinone synthesis. In a HPPD assay, DTP revealed to inhibit the enzyme with an IC 50 value of 13 nmol L −1 and that of pyrazolate was 52 nmol L −1 . In the pyrazolate solution used in the assay, some of the herbicide possibly has been hydrolyzed to DTP. From the all results obtained, it is strongly suggested that pyrazolate inhibits carotenoids synthesis and causes bleaching on the developing leaves by the similar mechanism with norflurazon, but its action site is not phytoene desaturase and is HPPD.
Denture stomatitis: Effects of chlorhexidine and amphotericin B on the mycotic flora (1975)

In 100 patients with denture stomatitis cultures and direct smears were used to evaluate 5 treatments, including sucking of chlorhexidine, amphotericin B or placebo tablets combined with denture soaking in 0.2% chlorhexidine or water. After 14 days of treatment the amphotericin B lozenges had brought about a significant reduction in the quantity of fungus on the oral mucosa, whereas they barely affected the large amount present on the fitting surface of the upper denture. Denture immersion in chlorhexidine significantly reduced the number of organisms both on the mucous membrane and on the denture. It therefore seems at least as important to treat the denture as the patient in denture stomatitis. Fourteen days after withdrawal of the drugs the mycotic flora was largely re-established.
Exploiting Contextual Information via Dynamic Memory Network for Event Detection (2018)

The task of event detection involves identifying and categorizing event triggers. Contextual information has been shown effective on the task. However, existing methods which utilize contextual information only process the context once. We argue that the context can be better exploited by processing the context multiple times, allowing the model to perform complex reasoning and to generate better context representation, thus improving the overall performance. Meanwhile, dynamic memory network (DMN) has demonstrated promising capability in capturing contextual information and has been applied successfully to various tasks. In light of the multi-hop mechanism of the DMN to model the context, we propose the trigger detection dynamic memory network (TD-DMN) to tackle the event detection problem. We performed a five-fold crossvalidation on the ACE-2005 dataset and experimental results show that the multi-hop mechanism does improve the performance and the proposed model achieves best F 1 score compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Clustered virtual machines for higher availability of resources with improved scalability in cloud computing (2014)

Cloud computing a big pool of resources dynamically reconfigures its resources as per user requirement in real time. Cloud environment mostly works with virtualized environment, which is a key consideration for providing virtual machines as a service to the users. It is difficult to manage virtual machine, and to deploy on any data centers. In cloud environment users expects better services from the vendors, in order to improve resource utilization. The factors in cloud environment as if scalability and availability are consider for better outcomes for users. This not only saves time, but also improves cost utilization. This paper proposes architecture, based on clustering virtual machines in datacenters for higher availability of resources with improved scalability. Clustering helps virtual machines to reconfigure and easy scheduling. The resource sharing in cloud will optimize and users get maximized result. Further, the paper directs a mathematical model for explaining the concepts of the proposed system. The existing system is being modulated using simulation tools and further elaborated in the paper.
A Grand Challenge: Connecting the World's Rural Village (2005)

During the last decade, pilot studies and focused projects have established the efficacy of the Internet for increasing quality of life in rural areas of developing nations; however, connectivity remains uncommon and it is generally slow and unreliable. The developing nations are too poor to attract sufficient capital to build modern Internet infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. The activity of the past decade has had positive results. All governments are now aware of the importance of telecommunication infrastructure and the relationship between infrastructure and social and economic development. Technology has also steadily improved, dramatically lowering infrastructure cost. We feel it is time to consider a grand challenge infrastructure project: connecting the approximately 3 billion people residing in 3 million villages of the developing nations within ten years. This would be a daunting challenge, but no more so than other ambitious projects like the Apollo program, GPS system, or the US Interstate Highway system. The panel will discuss the desirability and feasibility of such an undertaking.
Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. (1994)

Intervention strategies aimed at reducing the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases, including designing nutrition policies and nutrition education and assistance programs, require effective monitoring of what Americans are eating. Nutrient reference data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provide essential information to achieve these goals. Mean and median iron intakes were adequate in males of all race-ethnic groups but were generally low in females and young children. Mean and median calcium intakes were also higher in males than in females and were lower than recommendations in adolescents and in women of all ages. Mean sodium intakes for all age, sex, and race-ethnic groups exceeded the minimum requirements of healthy persons and were higher in non-Hispanic black children and adolescents than in non-Hispanic white and Mexican American children and adolescents. Mean fiber intakes also did not meet recommendations in most subgroups and were higher in Mexican American adults followed by non-Hispanic white adults and non-Hispanic black adults. Further research is planned to compare the food sources of energy and nutrients consumed by different population groups in NHANES III to similar results from earlier nation surveys. NHANES III, Phase 2 (1991-94) recalls were collected using the same dietary method as those collected in Phase 1 (1988-91), and other analyses will compare findings from both phases of NHANES III.
Highly Scalable, Atomically Thin WSe<sub>2</sub> Grown <i>via</i> Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is a two-dimensional material that is of interest for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices due to its direct bandgap of 1.65 eV in the monolayer form and excellent transport properties. However, technologies based on this 2D material cannot be realized without a scalable synthesis process. Here, we demonstrate the first scalable synthesis of large-area, mono and few-layer WSe2 via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6) and dimethylselenium ((CH3)2Se). In addition to being intrinsically scalable, this technique allows for the precise control of the vapor-phase chemistry, which is unobtainable using more traditional oxide vaporization routes. We show that temperature, pressure, Se:W ratio, and substrate choice have a strong impact on the ensuing atomic layer structure, with optimized conditions yielding >8 μm size domains. Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm crystalline monoto-multilayer WSe2 is achievable. Finally, TEM and vertical current/voltage transport provide evidence that a pristine van der Waals gap exists in WSe2/graphene heterostructures.
Mode-finding for mixtures of Gaussian distributions (2000)

Gradient-quadratic and fixed-point iteration algorithms and appropriate values for their control parameters are derived for finding all modes of a Gaussian mixture, a problem with applications in clustering and regression. The significance of the modes found is quantified locally by Hessian-based error bars and globally by the entropy as sparseness measure.
The physical refining process (1985)

Abstract This paper deals with influences and optimizing of changing process conditions for physical refining of palm oil. These process variables are temperature, pressure, residence time, fluid flow and stripping steam to oil ratio. These parameters influence not only finished oil quality, oil yield, energy consumption and running costs, but also content and yield of natural stabilizers like tocopherols or color compounds like carotenes, and last, but not least, environmental load of waste water and exhaust air as studied under industrial plant conditions. With the right pretreatment process physical refining of palm oil is not only much more economical than chemical refining in connection with stripping steam deodorization, but also causes much less pollution by waste water and exhaust air. Under all these aspects the performance of continuously operated industrial plants now in use for physical refining of palm oil is being examined. Because of the water solubility of the low‐boiling thermal degradation products, the effluents of nearly all installations must be specially treated to fulfill today's legal requirements on BOD and on COD as well as on oil and grease content. The only exception is a new counter‐current two‐step film type physical refining process in connection with a combined sophisticated steam ejector vacuum and two‐step exhaust air washing system, with which, without any air pollution, COD values of <50 for waste water are possible. For best oil quality deacidification should be done with pressure drop of less than 1 torr at 2 to 3 torr tap pressure at 260 C working temperature with residence times of 10 min and counter‐current exchange efficiency of 6 to 8 theoretical plates.