gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robot Audition from the Viewpoint of Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (2008)

We have been engaged in research on computational auditory scene analysis to attain sophisticated robot/computer human interaction by manipulating real-world sound signals. The objective of our research is the understanding of an arbitrary sound mixture including music and environmental sounds as well as voiced speech, obtained by robot's ears (microphones) embedded on the robot. Three main issues in computational auditory scene analysis are sound source localization, separation, and recognition of separated sounds for a mixture of speech signals as well as polyphonic music signals. The Missing Feature Theory (MFT) approach integrates sound source separation and automatic speech recognition by generating missing feature masks. This robot audition system has been successfully ported to three kinds of robots, SIG2, Robovie R2 and Honda ASIMO. A robot recognizes three simultaneous speeches such as placing a meal order or a referee for Rock- Paper-Scissors Sound Games with a delay of less than 2 seconds. The real-time beat tracking system is also developed for robot audition. A robot hears music, understands and predicts its musical beats to behave in accordance with the beat times in real-time.
Drug interactions with methotrexate. (1985)

General mechanisms of drug interactions are reviewed, as well as the effects of various drugs on the absorption, distribution, protein binding, eliminations and cellular transport of methotrexate. Published studies demonstrate that prior or concomitant administration of other drugs can alter the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate. Nonabsorbable antibiotics can decrease methotrexate absorption. Nephrotoxic drugs can decrease methotrexate renal clearance. Salicylates and probenecid may decrease the plasma protein binding and renal tubular secretion of methotrexate. However, the clinical significance of many of these drug interactions is not known or has not been substantiated by extensive clinical observations.
Development of a zinc-cerium redox flow battery (2011)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) can be used to store energy on the large and medium scale\n(kW – MW), particularly in applications such as load levelling of electrical power\nsupplies, power quality control application and facilitating renewable energy deployment.\nIn this thesis, the development of a divided and undivided zinc-cerium redox flow battery\nfrom its fundamental chemistry in aqueous methanesulfonic acid has been described. This\ncomprehensive investigation has focused on the selection of electrode materials,\nevaluation of zinc corrosion of the negative electrode, characterization of the redox flow\nbattery and the cycling performance. Voltammetric studies of both the zinc and the cerium\nhalf-cell reactions have been carried out under various operating conditions and for\nelectrolyte compositions. These studies suggested that the positive electrode reaction\ncould limit the use of higher current densities. After testing a range of two- and\nthree-dimensional positive electrode materials, only three-dimensional platinised titanium\nmesh and carbon felts were capable of discharge at 50 mA cm-2 with high charge ( > 70 %)and voltage ( > 60 %) efficiencies in an divided system based on the optimum electrolyte\ncompositions obtained in the half-cell studies. In order to avoid the diffusion of protons\nacross the membrane and to simplify the construction, an undivided, membraneless\nsystem was proposed. With specific design arrangement and carbon felt positive electrode,\nthis system can operate at room temperature with a high energy efficiency (~ 75 %)\ninstead of 60 oC as reported in the patented system in the literature. In order to facilitate\nzinc electrodeposition and prevent zinc corrosion, several electrolytic additives and\ncorrosion inhibitors have been suggested. Further challenges and research directions are\nalso discussed.
Perspectives on the Sequence Stratigraphy of Continental Strata (1994)

This report is the result of a working group on continental sequence stratigraphy that was set up at the 1991 NUNA conference in Banff, Canada. To date, sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied mainly to the marine realm, but unconformity-bounded units have long been recognized in nonmarine strata. Successful application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to continental strata requires careful consideration of controls on base level and sediment supply. As with shallow marine environments, relative sea level can be considered as the stratigraphic as well as the geomorphic base level for coastal nonmarine settings. Farther inland, stratigraphic base level, which determines accommodation space, is more complex and takes various forms, such as the graded profile for fluvial strata, groundwater tables for some eolian strata, and lake level for some intermontane sediments. Sediment supply is also generally a more complex variable for nonmarine environments than in the marine realm because of the proximity to the source area. The influence of climate and tectonism on sediment supply can clearly be seen in many continental sediments. The fact that the major controls of climate, tectonism, and eustasy are somewhat interdependent, and that a change in one parameter will most likely be reflected in others, is also more readily apparent in continental strata. Although in its infancy, sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied to a wide variety of continental settings in attempts to explain variations in facies architecture. Of particular interest are studies that have linked fluvial architecture on coastal plains to variations in relative sea level as indicated by coeval marine strata, and studies of lacustrine environments that show marked variation in facies between highstand and lowstand deposits. The application of sequence stratigraphy to continental strata will likely result in the development of better correlation techniques and models that better predict the location and nature of fluvial and eolian reservoirs.
Senile osteoporosis (1984)

The available literature indicates that a high level of physical activity throughout life can result in increased skeletal mass during the fourth decade. Such a large reservoir of bone mass at midlife may delay the clinical manifestations of osteoporosis in later life. Furthermore, the published studies of animal models and humans strongly suggest that physical activity retards or prevents involutional bone loss in both recently postmenopausal and very elderly women.
Rare-Earth Transition-Metal Chalcogenides (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRare-Earth Transition-Metal ChalcogenidesKwasi Mitchell and James A. IbersView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 6, 1929–1952Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2002Publication History Received19 November 2001Published online3 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010319hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010319hresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5262Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Fluxes,Layers,Magnetic properties,Materials Get e-Alerts
Antitumor principles ofStellera chamaejasme L. (1997)

Methanol extract ofStellera chamaejasme L was assessed for antitumor activity by an antitumor active bioassay against murine leukemia P388in vivo. The bioassay-directcd separation of the extract furnished seven diterpene compounds (stellerarin, stelleramacrin, gnidimacrin, pimelea factor P2, subtoxin, huratoxin, simplexin ) and two biflavanone compounds (neochemae-jasmin A and B). Among them, gnidimacrin, stellerarin and stelleramacrin (a novel compound) were found to have high antitumor and cytotoxic activities against P388, L1210 and K562in vivo andin vitro. The results suggested that the diterpene compounds were the potent antitumor principlesof Stellera chamaejasme L.
Procedure for the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols in the presence of molecular sieves (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcedure for the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols in the presence of molecular sievesRobert M. Hanson and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 10, 1922–1925Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00360a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00360a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4684Altmetric-Citations415LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlation of pH and Balling as an Aid to the Winery and The grower (1957)

Amassing of data over a period of years allows the determination of the pH range at the optimum maturity for any variety of grape in a given area. By harvesting grapes in this pH range in a normal season, optimum maturity will usually be assured. Advantages of picking grapes at their optimum maturity are: maximum tonnage for the grower, maximum juice gallonage and wine quality for the winery.
Separations of polysaccharides related to starch by electrokinetic ultrafiltration in collodion membranes (1954)

For a series of 'isochemical' molecules, e.g. mixtures of polymeric chain molecules differing only in degree of polymerization (DP) and not otherwise in chemical nature (cf. Br0nsted, 1931), the distribu- tion coefficient between two phases at equilibrium changes by a constant factor for each unit added to the molecule. This is the basis for Traube's Rule and for the success of both adsorption and partition chromatography in separating homologues and the lower members of polymeric series (cf. However, with larger molecules in such series these methods have not proved successful. Methods used for fractionating polymeric materials have been reviewed by Cragg & Hammerschlag (1946). With the larger molecules it becomes difficult, as Br0nsted showed, to find two-phase systems not giving distribution coefficients that are excessively high or low. But there is an additional difficulty due to the porous nature of many of the materials used for chromatography. With such materials as charcoal, silica gel, starch, cellulose or ion-exchange resins, whilst the affinity of the active surfaces or sorbed liquid is greater for the larger molecules, these are often prevented from pene- trating the grain or fibre by molecular-sieve effects. Thus, it is usual to find that adsorption affinities increase, reach a maximum and then decrease as a polymeric series is ascended. With increasing DP, slow attainment of equilibrium and irreversibility of adsorption are also increasingly common. A number of examples of such effects in the literature have been referred to bv Mould & Synge (1952); see also Deuel, Solms, Anyas-Weisz & Huber (1951), Jenckel & Rumbach (1951), Zamenhof & Chargaff (1951). If for a column consisting of separate pieces of porous material a continuous block of material of rather uniform porosity could be substituted, molecular-sieve and adsorption effects would work together and no longer in opposite senses when liquid containing molecules of different sizes is forced through the block chromatographically. For porous materials at present available, however, the high hydrostatic pressures required to produce reasonable flow through a thick block would cause stresses which would collapse the pore structure. However, electrokinetically promoted flow of liquid (electroendosmosis) does not involve applying
Three-dimensional structure across the Tintina strike-slip fault, northern Canadian Cordillera, from seismic refraction and reflection tomography (2006)

The development of the northern Canadian Cordillera involved major strike-slip displacement of accreted terranes relative to North America along faults such as the Tintina, which has experienced 425 km of dextral motion since the Palaeocene. The SNORE seismic refraction/wideangle reflection experiment was carried out in 1997 as one component of Lithoprobe's Slave-Northern Cordillera Lithospheric Evolution (SNORCLE) transect. In addition to four 2-D profiles, two sets of broadside recordings were acquired to image the 3-D structure across the Tintina fault (TF) in areas centred at about 59.5 N and 62 N. Simultaneous and independent refraction and reflection traveltime tomography were applied to the combined inline and broadside data set for each region to establish the range of lower crustal velocity, Moho depth and upper mantle velocity structure consistent with the data. Our preferred models are the average of the simultaneous and independent models since they represent the robust features required by the data. The preferred 3-D models are generally consistent with the 2-D models obtained from the inline data in previous independent studies. There are along-strike variations across the TF, perhaps due to the change in strike direction or the amount of motion along the fault in the north compared to the south. In the lower crust, the only correlation with the TF that is required by the data is a 0.1 km s -1 drop in velocity to the southwest of the fault in the northern study area. The absence of a strong correlation with the TF in the lower crust is consistent with the interpreted continuity of lower crustal units across the fault in the SNORCLE reflection data. The Moho is relatively flat throughout the study area, 34-35 km depth, but there is broad crustal thickening of a few kilometres centred 50 km southwest of the TF in the northern and southern study areas. This thickening may be the result of a period when there was a component of compression along the TF. There is strong evidence for a 0.3-0.4 km s -1 drop in upper mantle velocity to the west of the TF in the south, and weak evidence for 0.1 km s -1 drop to the southwest in the north. The upper mantle variations in the south indicate that the TF is the boundary between cooler and/or more refractory ancestral North American mantle to the east and warmer and/or more fertile mantle beneath accreted North America to the west. In the north, the mantle appears to be more intermediate in its properties on both sides of the TF.
Alpha-Lactalbumin in Bovine Serum: Relationships with Udder Development and Function (1987)

Concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin in blood from cattle in various physiological states were measured as an index of udder development and function. Included were primiparous heifers during gestation and the peripartum period, nonlactating, nonpregnant cows hormonally induced into lactation, and cows milked two or three times daily in early, middle, or late lactation. Concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin in serum increased in two phases during gestation. Initial values (7.3 ng/ml, up to 120 d prepartum) rose, then leveled at 29.9 ng/ml on d 120 to 30 prepartum. Concentrations subsequently increased, averaging 133.2 ng/ml over the 30 d prior to parturition. During the peripartum period, alpha-lactalbumin rose from 221.2 ng/ml on d 4 prepartum, peaked at calving (918.8 ng/ml), then declined, stabilizing at approximately 500 ng/ml (1.5 to 3 d postpartum). Concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin in cows induced to lactate were low on d 1 to 9 of hormone treatment (15.7 ng/ml), rose to a maximum on d 17 (803.4 ng/ml), then fell to a plateau (185.8 ng/ml) on d 21 to 25. alpha-Lactalbumin concentrations were higher in early (101.9 ng/ml) than in middle or late lactation (81.4 and 79.2 ng/ml, respectively). Concentrations were also greater in twice versus thrice milked cows (101.9 vs. 73.0 ng/ml). Changes in alpha-lactalbumin concentrations in serum are associated with developmental and functional status of the udder. The measurement provides a noninvasive method to assess mammary gland activity.
Nucleic Acid Derivatives as Growth Factors for Certain Group A Hemolytic Streptococci. (1945)

1. Approximately one third of a group of representative Group A streptococci required a factor for growth in a semisynthetic medium reinforced with serum which was present in rabbit, human, pig, dog and sheep sera. This factor was absent from horse, cow, rat and mouse sera. 2. The factor could be replaced by yeast nucleic acid and certain of its derivatives, such as xanthine, guanine and hypoxanthine. It could not be replaced by certain other derivatives such as adenine and uracil. 3. Desoxyribonucleic acid was inactive as the factor, but became active after depolymerization by desoxyribonuclease. 4. The lack of uniformity of Group A streptococci with respect to depandence on this factor shows that nutritional studies performed on a single strain cannot be regarded as representative of the entire group.
Concentrator and space applications of high-efficiency solar cells—recent developments (1999)

GaInP/GaAs cells invented and developed at NREL have achieved world-record efficiencies. We estimate that their production for space applications has grown to >$100 million/yr. Approximately 300 MW/yr of 1000X terrestrial concentrator cells could be fabricated with the existing manufacturing capacity at a cost of about 21¢/Wp. A resurgence of interest in terrestrial PV concentrators, together with the strength of the III-V space-solar-cell industry, indicate that III-V cells are also attractive for terrestrial applications.
Analysis Method for Nanometer-Scale Line Edge Roughness Based on Stationary Wavelet Transform (2009)

To resolve the problem of measuring semiconductor line edge roughness (LER) in the microelectronic manu-facturing technology, the analysis method for LER based on stationary wavelet transform was presented. First, the topogra-phy of Si line structure was measured using atomic force microscope (AFM), and the feature of LER was obtained by image processing and threshold method. Then the energy distribution of LER in each scale was determined by the multi-scale analysis based on stationary wavelet transform and the parameters of multi-scale characterization were given including the characteristic length l and the roughness exponent R. The simulation data of the line profile with different degree irregulari-ties were generated, and the calculated roughness exponent R is 0.72 and 6.05, respectively. The results show that the roughness exponent R can reflect the irregularities of LER effectively and provide the straightforward spatial information of LER. Applying this multi-scale analysis to the measurement data of Si line, the characteristic length l and the roughness exponent R is 44.56 nm and 12.17, respectively. Finally, the experimental data analyses of three kinds of probes and three scanning intervals show that this analysis method can offer an effective quantitative characterization and analysis of LER.
Solutions for Colorimetric Standards (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolutions for Colorimetric StandardsG. Dragt and M. G. MellonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1938, 10, 5, 256–258Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50121a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50121a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Neural network model develops border ownership representation through visually guided learning (2016)

As Rubin's famous vase demonstrates, our visual perception tends to assign luminance contrast borders to one or other of the adjacent image regions. Experimental evidence for the neuronal coding of such border-ownership in the primate visual system has been reported in neurophysiology. We have investigated exactly how such neural circuits may develop through visually-guided learning. More specifically, we have investigated through computer simulation how top-down connections may play a fundamental role in the development of border ownership representations in the early cortical visual layers V1/V2. Our model consists of a hierarchy of competitive neuronal layers, with both bottom-up and top-down synaptic connections between successive layers, and the synaptic connections are self-organised by a biologically plausible, temporal trace learning rule during training on differently shaped visual objects. The simulations reported in this paper have demonstrated that top-down connections may help to guide competitive learning in lower layers, thus driving the formation of lower level (border ownership) visual representations in V1/V2 that are modulated by higher level (object boundary element) representations in V4. Lastly we investigate the limitations of our model in the more general situation where multiple objects are presented to the network simultaneously.
评 R·D·奥尔巴编《走向二十一世纪的美国民族和种族》 (1987)

这是一本不寻常的且具有重大价值的书。作为试图全面包括美国所有主要民族集团的一本著作,它还有令人惊讶的不足之处。无可否认,爱尔兰人和意大利人具有同样的重要性,而该书给了意大利人一章的篇幅却没给爱尔兰人,也许因为该书是提交“民族与种族大会”(1984年4月在纽约召开)的论文的汇编吧。写美国黑人的一章用了相当多的新资料,但是,作者 R·法利对资料的处理无疑地会使人产生误解。例如,他谈到1960年以来黑人男子在白领职