gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Meaning of Creep Damage Parameters Evaluated from Distribution of Grain Boundary Cavities on Cross-Section. (1996)

In order to grasp the creep damage of polycrystalline heat-resisting alloys, creep damage parameters observed on the cross-section, such as the area fraction of cavities. A-parameter, fraction of cavities on grain boundary lines and the number of cavities in unit area, have frequently been used. Although they include the information of creep cavities, it is vague what they really represent in the spatial distribution of cavities. In this paper, the physical meaning of these parameters is investigated using a model distribution of cavities, and the dependences of parameters on the radius of cavities, on the number of cavities on each grain boundary facet, and on grain diameter are discussed.
A Bispecific Antibody Targeting the αv and α5β1 Integrins Induces Integrin Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells and Is Superior to Monospecific Antibodies (2019)

Fibronectin-binding integrins α5β1 and αv collaborate in prostate cancer-bone stromal interactions relevant to the colonization of the bone marrow microenvironment. Combinatorial inactivation of these integrins on prostate cancer cells was assessed. Monospecific antibodies to α5β1and αv integrins alone (MAb) and in combination (cMAb), and a bispecific antibody that simultaneously targets α5β1and αv integrins (BsAbα5β1/αv) were compared in assays of chemotaxis, clonogenic survival, and induction of endothelial migration. Cellular expression of integrins, their transcription, translation, and degradation fate was compared. The BsAbα5β1/αv was superior to MAbs and cMAbs in abrogating adhesion, migration, clonogenic survival, and induction of endothelial migration responses by prostate cancer cells. Integrin upregulation observed with MAbs or cMAbs was abrogated with the BsAbα5β1/αv. Loss of integrin expression was uniquely induced by the BsAbα5β1/αv and blocked by lysosomal inhibition. IMPLICATIONS: A novel and effective combinatorial strategy to target α5β1and αv integrins is defined for translational studies. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/1/27/F1.large.jpg.
Amphiphilic Peptides for Efficient siRNA Delivery (2019)

A number of amphiphilic cyclic peptides-[FR]<sub>4</sub>, [WR]<sub>5</sub>, and [WK]<sub>5</sub>-containing hydrophobic and positively-charged amino acids were synthesized by Fmoc/tBu solid-phase peptide methods and evaluated for their efficiency in intracellular delivery of siRNA to triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, in the presence and absence of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Among the peptides, [WR]<sub>5</sub>, which contains alternate tryptophan (W) and arginine (R) residues, was found to be the most efficient in the delivery of siRNA by improving the delivery by more than 3-fold when compared to other synthesized cyclic peptides that were not efficient. The data also showed that co-formulation of [WR]<sub>5</sub> with lipid DOPE significantly enhanced the efficiency of siRNA delivery by up to ~2-fold compared to peptide alone. Based on the data indicating the efficiency of [WR]<sub>5</sub> in siRNA delivery, peptides containing arginine residues on the ring and tryptophan residues on the side chain, [R<sub>6</sub>K]W<sub>6</sub> and [R<sub>5</sub>K]W<sub>5</sub>, were also evaluated, and demonstrated improved delivery of siRNA. The presence of DOPE again enhanced the siRNA delivery in most cases. [WR]<sub>5</sub>, [R<sub>5</sub>K]W<sub>5</sub>, and [R<sub>6</sub>K]W<sub>6</sub> did not show any significant toxicity in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and AU565 WT cells at N/P ratios of 20:1 or less, in the presence and absence of DOPE. Silencing of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of the peptides. The addition of DOPE significantly enhanced the silencing efficiency for all selected peptides. In conclusion, peptides containing tryptophan and arginine residues were found to enhance siRNA delivery and to generate silencing of targeted proteins in the presence of DOPE.
Thrombogenesis of the rabbit arterial plaque. An electron microscopic study. (1973)

Rabbit arteries, de-endothelialized with an intravascular balloon catheter and allowed to heal for 4 weeks, showed intimal changes that were similar to the preatherosclerotic fibromusculoelastic plaques of man. Reinjury of the healed vessels by balloon catheter produced marked quantitative and qualitative alterations of hemostasis, as compared to that in previously uninjured vessels. The most apparent modification of thrombogenesis 10 minutes after injury to the plaque was a large increase in the size of the thrombotic deposits. Features of this exaggerated response were the major participation of fibrin in thrombus formation and greater platelet accumulation. Some platelets and fibrin strands appeared to penetrate into and beneath the neointima. By 3 hours, these deposits had diminished in size, although the hemostatic mass remained larger in the doubly injured vessels.
[CT-guided biopsy of thoracic mass lesions followed by fast stain technique]. (1990)

We performed CT-guided needle biopsy of 92 thoracic mass lesions using a Rotex-II screw needle. Fast stain technique was performed for an immediate evaluation of the specimen in the last 39 procedures. The overall accuracy of malignancy was 93.2%, and the correct histological typing was obtained in 82.8% of malignancy proven at surgery or autopsy. The method enabled histopathological diagnosis of thoracic lesions, which could not obtained by other diagnostic modalities including fiberoptic bronchoscopy or fluoroscopy-guided biopsy. The true positive rate increased up 10.2% to 91.3% by introducing fast stain technique. A close cooperation between radiologists and cytopathologists was essential for performing this CT-guided biopsy procedure followed by fast stain technique.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Reinforced Polyaniline Fibers for High‐Strength Artificial Muscles (2006)

Carbon-nanotube-reinforced polyaniline fibers (see Figure) possess improved breaking strength and higher operating stress levels than neat polyaniline, potentially allowing generation of larger stresses by electrochemical actuators containing these fibers. The fibers have tensile strengths of 255 MPa and operate to stress levels in excess of 100 MPa, three times higher than previously reported for conducting-polymer actuators.
Prothymosin Alpha Selectively Enhances Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity by Interacting with a Repressor of Estrogen Receptor Activity (2000)

We find that prothymosin alpha (PTalpha) selectively enhances transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor (ER) but not transcriptional activity of other nuclear hormone receptors. This selectivity for ER is explained by PTalpha interaction not with ER, but with a 37-kDa protein denoted REA, for repressor of estrogen receptor activity, a protein that we have previously shown binds to ER, blocking coactivator binding to ER. We isolated PTalpha, known to be a chromatin-remodeling protein associated with cell proliferation, using REA as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen with a cDNA library from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. PTalpha increases the magnitude of ERalpha transcriptional activity three- to fourfold. It shows lesser enhancement of ERbeta transcriptional activity and has no influence on the transcriptional activity of other nuclear hormone receptors (progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, or retinoic acid receptor) or on the basal activity of ERs. In contrast, the steroid receptor coactivator SRC-1 increases transcriptional activity of all of these receptors. Cotransfection of PTalpha or SRC-1 with increasing amounts of REA, as well as competitive glutathione S-transferase pulldown and mammalian two-hybrid studies, show that REA competes with PTalpha (or SRC-1) for regulation of ER transcriptional activity and suppresses the ER stimulation by PTalpha or SRC-1, indicating that REA can function as an anticoactivator in cells. Our data support a model in which PTalpha, which does not interact with ER, selectively enhances the transcriptional activity of the ER but not that of other nuclear receptors by recruiting the repressive REA protein away from ER, thereby allowing effective coactivation of ER with SRC-1 or other coregulators. The ability of PTalpha to directly interact in vitro and in vivo with REA, a selective coregulator of the ER, thereby enabling the interaction of ER with coactivators, appears to explain its ability to selectively enhance ER transcriptional activity. These findings highlight a new role for PTalpha as a coregulator activity-modulating protein that confers receptor specificity. Proteins such as PTalpha represent an additional regulatory component that defines a novel paradigm enabling receptor-selective enhancement of transcriptional activity by coactivators.
Some theoretical and practical considerations of the Johnsen-Rahbek effect (1956)

A theory of electrostatic attraction, influenced by field emission, is proposed to explain the Johnsen-Rahbek effect between the flat and polished surfaces of a metal and a semi-conductor in contact. The application and advantages of the effect as a clutch are described, and the results of a large number of life tests are summarized. It is concluded that the unreliability of such a clutch, due mainly to different amounts of wear, is caused by relatively small differences in the polished surfaces. Consequently it is suggested that the electrostatic clutch is not, in general, a practical proposition, but more likely applications of the effect lie in relay devices and valves for controlling gas flow.
Foam Finishing Technology (1982)

The foam finishing technology (FFT) process is a novel application system for treating porous substrates with foamed chemicals at very low wet pickups. It involves the use of a rapidly-breaking low-density foam or froth as the delivery medium for finishing chemicals, precise metering and flow control for delivery of foam to the substrate, pressure-driven impregnation of the foam into the substrate, and an applicator system designed to allow uniform high-speed application and collapse of the foam in a single step. The semi-stable foam is necessary to get spontaneous foam collapse and spreading though the substrate, and is in contrast to stable foams specified in various foam coating processes normally requiring a separate step to break and distribute the foam through the textile material. An analysis of variables in the FFT process is presented. Manipulation and precise control of the key variables make possible the exceptional versatility of the process in applying a wide variety of chemical agents to substrates ranging from lofty to paperlike nonwovens. A production case history of the introduction and evolution of uses of the FFT applicator system in finishing corduroy, bottom weight, and industrial uniform fabrics is presented. Use of a dual head/dual feed FFT applicator allows sequential application of resin and softener to the face pile and hand builder/binder to the back of corduroy without an intervening drying step. Wet-on-wet applications are also run with excellent add-on control. Process savings from reduced energy consumption, higher chemical efliciency, and increased production rates are documented to illustrate the rapid pay-back on investment in the FFT applicator system. Most significant is the improved fabric quality evident from the greater loft and desirable handle of FFT-treated goods.
Raman imaging of hemozoin within the food vacuole of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> trophozoites (2003)

Micro-Raman spectra of hemozoin encapsulated within the food vacuole of a Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte are presented. The spectrum of hemozoin is identical to the spectrum of beta-hematin at all applied excitation wavelengths. The unexpected observation of dramatic band enhancement of A(1g) modes including nu(4) (1374 cm(-1)) observed when applying 780 nm excitation enabled Raman imaging of hemozoin in the food vacuole. This unusual enhancement, resulting from excitonic coupling between linked porphyrin moieties in the extended porphyrin array, enables the investigation of hemozoin within its natural environment for the first time.
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea: new insights into an old disease (2015)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an enteric disease in swine caused by an alphacoronavirus. It affects swine of all ages causing acute diarrhoea and can lead to severe dehydration and death in suckling piglets. Being recognized for the first time in Europe and Asia during the seventies and the eighties, respectively, it has remained a relevant cause of diarrhea outbreaks in Asia for years and to the present. It has become a major concern in swine production since 2013 when the virus was detected for first time in the USA and in other American countries causing a high number of pig deaths and significant economic losses. The present review aims at approaching the reader to the state of the art of PED giving answer to some of the most recent questions which have arisen related to this disease.
Optimum Character of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (1948)

Let $S_0$ be any sequential probability ratio test for deciding between two simple alternatives $H_0$ and $H_1$, and $S_1$ another test for the same purpose. We define $(i, j = 0, 1):$ $\alpha_i(S_j) =$ probability, under $S_j$, of rejecting $H_i$ when it is true; $E_i^j (n) =$ expected number of observations to reach a decision under test $S_j$ when the hypothesis $H_i$ is true. (It is assumed that $E^1_i (n)$ exists.) In this paper it is proved that, if $\alpha_i(S_1) \leq \alpha_i(S_0)\quad(i = 0,1)$, it follows that $E_i^0 (n) \leq E_i^1 (n)\quad(i = 0, 1)$. This means that of all tests with the same power the sequential probability ratio test requires on the average fewest observations. This result had been conjectured earlier ([1], [2]).
Natural Killer Cell IFN-γ Levels Predict Long-term Survival with Imatinib Mesylate Therapy in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor–Bearing Patients (2009)

Clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)-bearing patients treated with imatinib mesylate (IM) are variable. Other than the site of mutation within the c-kit gene, prognostic features of GIST remain undefined. IM can exhibit off-target effects such as triggering natural killer (NK) cell activity. We addressed whether NK cell functions could predict long term survival with IM. NK cell functions were followed up in 77 GIST patients enrolled onto two phase III trials. "Immunologic responders" were defined as patients whose NK cell IFN-gamma values after 2 months of IM were higher than or equal to the baseline value at entry into the trial. The prognostic effect of IFN-gamma on progression-free survival was assessed by a Wald test in a Cox regression analysis using the landmark method and stratified by trial and on the c-kit mutational status. Fifty-six patients were evaluable for the NK cell IFN-gamma responses at baseline and 2 months. Their median follow-up for progression-free survival was 3.7 years. Thirty-four of 56 patients were immunologic responders to IM. In the Cox regression analysis, immunologic responders possessed a hazard ratio of progression or death equal to 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.70; P = 0.006) compared with nonresponders. Kaplan-Meier 2-year survival estimates were 85% for immunologic responders and 50% for nonresponders. Moreover, the immunologic response added prognostic value to the c-kit mutation. The NK cell IFN-gamma production after 2 months of treatment could be considered an independent predictor of long term survival in advanced GISTs treated with IM.
Intersignal Timing Skew Compensation of Parallel Links With Voltage-Mode Incremental Signaling (2009)

Intersignal timing skew gives rise to reduced timing margins at receivers and limits the data rate of parallel links. This paper proposes a new intersignal timing-skew-compensation technique for parallel links with voltage-mode incremental signaling. The proposed technique employs an early/late block to detect the rising and falling edges of the pulses generated by intersignal timing skews at the far end of channels and, subsequently, allocates the optimal sampling point of the sampler of each data bit to maximize the timing margins. Two cascaded delay-locked loops (DLLs) are employed to place the sampling clock to the optimal sampling position of each data bit. The skew-compensation ranges are determined from the delay ranges of the DLLs. The effectiveness of the proposed deskewing method is validated using a parallel link with data rate of 1 GB/s and four microstrip channels on an FR4 substrate. The data link is implemented in UMC-0.13-mum 1.2-V CMOS technology and analyzed using SpectreRF from Cadence Design Systems with BSIM3v3 device models. Simulation results are presented.
Internet Based Self Service Systems for Customer Oriented Processes in Public Administration (2000)

Self service systems in public administration can lead to a more efficient organization as well as to an improved customer orientation. The objective is to offer high-quality services and to involve the service recipient in the administrative process to a greater extent. Re-engineering public service processes is necessary to promote a shift from the supplier-dominated push principle to a demand-oriented pull principle. A self service infrastructure allows direct access to IT supported public services. The transactions between service suppliers and service recipients are based on Internet communication. A smartcard represents a powerful element to identify and authenticate the user and offers value-added functions such as data storage, data encryption or electronic payment.
Governments grapple with abandonment fiscal terms (1997)

While many youth are exposed to multiple forms of co-occurring violence, the comparative impact of different forms of violence on the mental health of children and adolescents has not been clearly established. Studies from low and middle income countries in particular are lacking. The present study examined the contribution of different forms of violence to internalizing and externalizing symptoms among young adolescents in South Africa. A community-based sample of 616 high school learners completed self-report scales assessing exposure to six different forms of violence and the severity of depression, aggression and conduct disorder symptoms. In bivariate analyses, all six forms of violence were significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing difficulties. When the contribution of all forms of violence to mental health outcomes was examined simultaneously, domestic victimization emerged as the strongest predictor of both internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Cumulative exposure to other forms of violence contributed further to the prediction of aggression and conduct disorder, but not depression. Recommendations for future research, and the implications of the findings for prioritizing the development of violence prevention and intervention initiatives in the South African context, are considered.
Blockade of Fatty Acid Synthase Triggers Significant Apoptosis in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2012)

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key player in the de novo synthetic pathway of long-chain fatty acids, has been shown to contribute to the tumorigenesis in various types of solid tumors. We here report that FASN is highly and consistently expressed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive form of B-cell lymphoid malignancy. Specifically, the expression of FASN was detectable in all four MCL cell lines and 15 tumors examined. In contrast, benign lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors were negative. Treatment of MCL cell lines with orlistat, a FASN inhibitor, resulted in significant apoptosis. Knockdown of FASN expression using siRNA, which also significantly decreased the growth of MCL cells, led to a dramatic decrease in the cyclin D1 level. β-catenin, which has been previously reported to be upregulated in a subset of MCL tumors, contributed to the high level of FASN in MCL cells, Interesting, siRNA knock-down of FASN in turn down-regulated β-catenin. In conclusion, our data supports the concept that FASN contributes to the pathogenesis of MCL, by collaborating with β-catenin. In view of its high and consistent expression in MCL, FASN inhibitors may hold promises for treating MCL.
Identification of Diesel Engine Cycle Events using Measured Surface Vibration (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper cycle events of a single cylinder diesel engine are identified by the separation of engine surface vibration sources. The engine vibration due to the following forces: exhaust valve close, inlet valve close, fuel injection, combustion, piston slap, exhaust valve open and inlet valve open are simulated as if it is acquired with a single channel accelerometer. Vibration signal of diesel engine is acquired in time domain with a single channel accelerometer as blind sources. The simulated and measured vibration signals are separated by segmentation independent component analysis (ICA). The technique is based on time-frequency analysis (TFA) and filtering of segmented parts of the original signal. The independent components (ICs) of the simulated and measured signals are analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short time Fourier transform (STFT). The time is replaced by crank angle in the time-frequency plane in order to investigate engine events. From crank angle-frequency analysis the engine exhaust valve close, inlet valve close, fuel injection, combustion, piston slap, exhaust valve open and inlet valve open within the engine cycle are identified from the measured signal as well as from the simulated one. As predicted, the results show that the engine events obtained from vibration signal are well correlated with the engine design specifications.</div>
Study of Anode Catalysts and Fuel Concentration on Direct Hydrazine Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2009)

A platinum-free fuel cell using liquid hydrazine hydrate as the fuel and comprised of a cobalt or nickel anode and a cobalt cathode exhibits high performance. In this study, the fuel cell performances using nickel, cobalt, and platinum as anode catalysts are evaluated and compared. It is found that fuel cell performance in the case of nickel and cobalt is higher than that in the case of platinum. Further, anodic reactions are discussed by comparing the hydrazine consumption and ammonia generation when cobalt and nickel are used as anode catalyst. Cobalt exhibits a higher rate of decomposition than nickel. Nickel is found to be the most suitable anode catalyst among the above mentioned anode catalysts for this fuel cell. The influence of hydrazine hydrate and KOH concentrations in the fuel on cell performance is also discussed. Cell performance is the highest at a hydrazine hydrate concentration of and a KOH concentration of . The maximum power density of the alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cell, comprised of a nickel anode and a Co–PPY–C (cobalt polypyrrole carbon) cathode, is .