gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hong Kong's educational system: English or Chinese? (1995)

Abstract The question of which language should be used as the medium of instruction in Hong Kong schools has been debated for over a century. In the early colonial days the emphasis was on providing an elite with good English, to help run the administration. Nationalistic feelings and educational objections to English‐medium education have grown over the years, resulting in government statements in favour of Chinese as the language of education. However, schools were left free to choose the medium of instruction for themselves and in face of parental pressure have mostly chosen English. Business companies in Hong Kong have also demanded better English from the educational system, as Hong Kong's economy turns from manufacturing to service industries. Recent more vigorous efforts by Government to further Chinese‐medium education are outlined in the article and consideration is given to the effects of the Chinese takeover of Hong Kong in 1997 on the future language of education in Hong Kong schools and on English and Chinese in Hong Kong's educational system.
The Benefits of Facebook “Friends:” Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites (2007)

This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one’s ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N = 286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
Adiabatic Wall Temperature and Heat Transfer Downstream of Injection Through Two Rows of Holes (1978)

Results of an experimental investigation of film cooling and heat transfer following injection through two staggered rows of holes are reported. The two staggered rows are considerably more effective in protecting the wall than a single row. The film cooling effectiveness at locations beyond about 30-hole dia downstream of injection is laterally uniform. The heat transfer coefficient is within a few percent of that without injection at low blowing rates, but it increases rapidly as the blowing rate increases above unity.
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Health and Disease (2010)

Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) constitute a simple layer of cuboidal cells that are strategically situated behind the photoreceptor (PR) cells. The inconspicuousness of this monolayer contrasts sharply with its importance [1]. The relationship between the RPE and PR cells is crucial to sight; this is evident from basic and clinical studies demonstrating that primary dysfunctioning of the RPE can result in visual cell death and blindness. RPE cells carry out many functions including the conversion and storage of retinoid, the phagocytosis of shed PR outer segment membrane, the absorption of scattered light, ion and fluid transport and RPE-PR apposition. The magnitude of the demands imposed on this single layer of cells in order to execute these tasks, will become apparent to the reader of this review as will the number of clinical disorders that take origin from these cells.
Gunshot Residue Analysis—A Review (1997)

Abstract A review of all aspects of analysis associated with gunshot residues is provided. This includes a summary of what both inorganic and organic residues are, how they arise and how they may be collected from a variety of substrates. Ways of processing samples to the point of analysis and the means by which they may be analyzed using a variety of techniques is discussed. The techniques described include SEM/EDX, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and some other less common methods for inorganic residues and gas, high performance liquid and super critical fluid chromatography with speciality detectors including mass spectrometry together with capillary electrophoresis, for organic residues. A summary of how the results of such analyses may be interpreted is discussed under the different analytical techniques.
Error masking probability of 1's complement checksums (2002)

In the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite, both TCP and UDP use Internet checksum to protect headers and data. Internet checksum uses 1's complement arithmetic to detect errors in the content delivered by the data-link layer. Both research and experience have shown that there are a wide variety of error sources which cannot be detected by this lower layer. The error detecting performance of 1's complement checksum determines how many of these errors will be passed to higher layers, including the application layer. The performance analysis also influences protocol design and improvement, for example, header compression. Unfortunately, previous work on this topic only determined the number of error passing patterns and the probability for 2 and 3 bit errors, and the method used for determining the probability is hard to extend to more bit errors. We present a method to generate the formula of error passing probability. When too much calculation is needed to compute an exact result, we achieve a better estimation of the probability, which is around 3 percent of the upper bound achievable with previous techniques when 1's complement checksum is used in TCP/UDP.
The Reaction of Ozone with Perfluorinated Polyolefins (1974)

Abstract In this work it has been found that Teflons are not inert to gaseous ozone, but they react with it to generate carbonyl difluoride (CF2O) among other products. Rate studies were carried out with three different Teflon samples. The reaction rate is proportional to [O3], and, for a given [O3], the reaction rate increases with Teflon surface area. It appears probable that the mechanism involves a Teflon surface reaction between O3 and a terminal olefinic bond in the polymer. Possible steps in the reaction mechanism are discussed. Scientists employing ozone containing mixtures in contact with Teflon stopcocks, Teflon bags, tubing, FEP-coated reactor walls, etc., should be cognizant of the possible complications of CF2O formation which may result from this unexpected reaction.
Epoxy resin/phosphonium ionic liquid/carbon nanofiller systems: Chemorheology and properties (2014)

Epoxy nanocomposites with commercial carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene (GN) have been prepared using phosphonium ionic liquid [trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, IL-f]. IL-f served simultaneously as nanofiller dispersing medium and epoxy resin catalytic curing agent. An influence of IL-f/epoxy weight ratio (3, 6 and 9/100, phr), carbon nanofiller type and content on viscosity of epoxy compositions during storage at ambient temperature was evaluated. Curing process was controlled for neat and CNT or GN modified epoxy compositions (0.25-1.0 wt% load) using differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. Epoxy nanocomposites exhibited slightly increased glass transition temperature values (146 to 149C) whereas tan ! and storage modulus decreased (0.30 to 0.27 and 2087 to 1070 MPa, respectively) as compared to reference material. Crosslink density regularly decreased for composites with increasing CNT content (11 094 to 7020 mol/m 3 ). Electrical volume resistivity of the nanocomposites was improved in case of CNT to 4"10 1 #"m and GN to 2"10 5 #"m (nanofiller content 1 wt%). Flame retardancy was found for modified epoxy materials with as low GN and phosphorus content as 0.25 and 0.7 wt%, respectively (increase of limiting oxygen index to 26.5%).
Molecular analysis of cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas (1995)

Among extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) represent a consistent group of B- and T-cell malignancies. We investigated the arrangement of Ig and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, together with the involvement of several oncogenes and the tumor-suppressor gene p53, in a panel of primary cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas (CBCLs and CTCLs). Southern blot analysis was performed to detect rearrangements of the Ig, c-myc, bcl-1, bcl-2, bcl-3, bcl-6, and the NFKB2/lyt-10 genes in 52 cases of CBCLs and of the TCR, bcl-3, and NFKB2/lyt-10 genes in 38 cases of CTCLs. tal-1 gene deletions were analyzed in CTCLs by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). p53 gene mutations were assayed using PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct DNA sequencing in CBCL and CTCL cases. Clonal rearrangements of Ig genes or oncogenes were found in 25 of the 52 CBCLs. In particular, we detected rearrangements of the bcl-1 locus (2 cases), the bcl-2 gene (2 cases), the NFKB2/lyt-10 gene (2 cases), and the bcl-6 gene (1 case); interestingly, 4 of these cases showed a germline arrangement of the Ig genes. Clonal rearrangements of TCR genes were detected in 37 of the 38 CTCLs. Rearrangements of the NFKB2/lyt-10 gene were present in 2 cases and tal-1 gene deletions in 3 CTCL cases; p53 gene mutations were detected in 1 CTCL case. Overall, our data indicate that (1) clonal rearrangement of Ig genes is frequently undetectable by means of Southern blot in CBCLs (60%); (2) genetic lesions are involved in a limited but significant fraction of primary CLs showing a molecular marker of clonality (13/62; 20%); and (3) rearrangements of the bcl-1, bcl-2, or bcl-6 loci, associated with specific subsets of nodal lymphoid neoplasias, are rarely observed in CBCLs. Moreover, our results suggest that tal-1 gene deletions may play a pathogenetic role in non-acute T-cell malignancies and that, in the context of lymphoid malignancies, CLs may represent a favorable target for the possible oncogenic potential of the NFKB2/lyt-10 gene.
Advanced three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiographic assessment of bifurcation lesions: methodology and phantom validation (2013)

Advances in the methodology of 3-D reconstruction and quantitative analysis for bifurcation lesions translated into highly accurate, precise and reproducible measures of diameter, length and BA.
Brief Report: Benchmarking Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Markers During Differentiation Into the Three Germ Layers Unveils a Striking Heterogeneity: All Markers Are Not Equal (2011)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are functionally characterized by their capacity to differentiate into all the cell types from the three germ layers. A wide range of markers, the expression of which is associated with pluripotency, has been used as surrogate evidence of PSC pluripotency, but their respective relevance is poorly documented. Here, we compared by polychromatic flow cytometry the kinetics of loss of expression of eight widely used pluripotency markers (SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, CD24, OCT4, NANOG, and alkaline phosphatase [AP]) at days 0, 5, 7, and 9 after induction of PSC differentiation into cells representative of the three germ layers. Strikingly, each marker showed a different and specific kinetics of disappearance that was similar in all the PSC lines used and for all the induced differentiation pathways. OCT4, SSEA3, and TRA-1-60 were repeatedly the first markers to be downregulated, and their expression was completely lost at day 9. By contrast, AP activity, CD24, and NANOG proteins were still detectable at day 9. In addition, we show that differentiation markers are coexpressed with pluripotency markers before the latter begin to disappear. These results suggest that OCT4, SSEA3, and TRA-1-60 might be better to trace in vitro the emergence of pluripotent cells during reprogramming.
Very stiff guide wire with a floppy tip. (1985)

Many interventional procedures, particularly dilation of tracts, require stiff guide wires with a floppy tip. Such a guide wire was specially constructed and is commercially available.
EMPOWERING CONTACT-CENTER AGENTS VIA PREFERENCE-BASED ROUTING (2005)

Telephone call centers and their generalizations- customer contact centers- usually handle sev-eral types of customer service requests (calls). Since customer service representatives (agents) have different call-handling abilities, contact centers exploit skill-based routing to assign calls to appropriate agents, aiming to respond properly as well as promptly. Nevertheless, despite a high level of sophistication, contact-center performance often falls far short of expectations. Too frequently, both customers and agents are dissatisfied with their contact-center experi-ence. Agent dissatisfaction is demonstrated by high turnover and absenteeism. This problem might be addressed by empowering the agents, as others have observed, but that is difficult to accomplish in today’s contact centers. As a new strategy to empower contact-center agents, we propose dynamically soliciting agents ’ working and call-handling preferences and responding to them. It is natural to be concerned that traditional performance requirements will not be met by such a strategy. However, we develop dynamic call-routing algorithms that take account of agent preferences, allowing for adjustments in real time or near real time, while ensuring that traditional performance requirements are met. Thus we present evidence that the strategy is workable.
Switching Around Two Axles: Controlling the Configuration and Conformation of a Hydrazone-Based Switch (2010)

A hydrazone-based rotary switch, having a quinolinyl stator and a pyridine ring as part of the rotor, can be induced using pH to undergo a four-step switching sequence. This process yields three stable isomers and a fourth "metastable" one that can all be addressed separately based on the sequence of acid and base added. The switching process proceeds via conformational and/or configurational changes, allowing the molecule to rotate around two different axles.
Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation (2014)

Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometry is analytically described and experimentally demonstrated as an analytical tool capable of high accuracy refractive index measurements over a wide spectral range. Suitable photonic engineering of the interferometer sensing and reference waveguides result in sinusoidal TE and TM spectra with substantially different eigen-frequencies. This allows for the instantaneous deconvolution of multiplexed polarizations and enables large spectral shifts and noise reduction through filtering in the Fourier Transform domain. Due to enhanced sensitivity, optical systems can be designed that employ portable spectrum analyzers with nm range resolution without compromising the sensor analytical capability. Practical detection limits in the 10(-6)-10(-7) RIU range are achievable, including temperature effects. Finally, a proof of concept device is realized on a silicon microphotonic chip that monolithically integrates broad-band light sources and single mode silicon nitride waveguides. Refractive index detection limits rivaling that of ring resonators with externally coupled laser sources are demonstrated. Sensitivities of 20 μm/RIU and spectral shifts in the tens of a pm are obtained.
Preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes on metastasis in mice rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigens. (1980)

The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) on metastasis formation of C3H/He mice which has been rendered tolerant to tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma. C3H/He mice inoculated intravenously (iv) with 10(6) 7000 R X-irradiated X5563 tumor cells 3 times at 4-day intervals. These pretreated mice could not develop immune resistance against X5563 tumor even after the appropriate immunization procedure. In these TATA-tolerant mice, enhanced metastasis associated with the development of visually apparent metastatic nodules in the spleens was observed after intradermal (id) implantation with viable tumor cells, even if the tumor was resected surgically 7 days thereafter. Administration of P. acnes to these TATA-tolerant mice appreciably reduced the metastasis formation. Although the growth of the id primary tumor was not affected by injection with P. acnes, the combined treatment of surgical resection of the primary tumor and P. acnes administration resulted in complete protection against metastasis in TATA-tolerant mice. These results unequivocally demonstrated that the administration of P. acnes is effective for preventing the outbreak of metastasized tumors, which are readily inducible in the TATA-tolerant state.
On considering magnetic saturation with maximum torque to current control in interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives (2001)

The influence of magnetic saturation on maximum torque to current controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives is discussed in this paper. A maximum torque to current condition that takes into account magnetic saturation and determines the optimal d-axis current is derived. For the implementation of the proposed controller, an experimental procedure is used to adjust its parameters, therefore, the knowledge of the exact model is not required. Selected experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical considerations and to confirm the high performance of the suggested controller.
Studies on Horseradish Peroxidase (1972)

Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of p-cresol by Compound II of horseradish peroxidase has been studied by the stopped flow technique at an ionic strength of 0.11 from pH 2 to 11. In acid solution the reaction is kinetically first order in p-cresol, but in the alkaline region a saturation effect attributable to complex formation is observed. At very high pH an additional second order reaction between p-cresol and the complex is detectable. The existence of the complex is confirmed by spectrophotometric determination of its dissociation constant. Since this constant and the over-all second order rate constant do not depend on any common ionizing group in the enzyme, it is argued that the complex is unproductive in nature. Use of the diffusion-controlled limit shows that p-cresol reacts in the unionized form over the experimental pH range, and that electrostatic interactions are therefore not responsible for the degree of complexity of the pH log rate profile.
Field Tests Indicate New Perforating Devices Improve Efficiency in Casing Completion Operations (1962)

Abstract New completion concepts by the petroleum industry have resulted in renewed activity in the design of perforating equipment. This paper coversthe development and use of explosive devices for the "single-point entry" technique used in formation preparation,field results achieved with the reactive-liner shaped-charge ("Crack-Jet") perforators anda discussion of the magnetic positioning of perforating guns. Through application of magnetic positioning devices, uniform high-performance perforations may be made in large casings with small, through-tubing guns. Field results have indicated an appreciable advantage in the placement of a circular notch or several perforations in the plane of desired fracture initiation. The use of radial-firing, multi jet devices for the "single-point entry" technique is discussed. Reactive-liner shaped charges, initially field-tested in West Texas, have been used in all types of formations, both consolidated and unconsolidated. Field results are presented, and various formation test targets perforated with the reactive-liner charge are shown. Performance in several problem areas indicates improved rates of injection and more-favorable production rates. Introduction Rapid changes in completion practices during the past few years have required the development of new perforating tools. The need for small, through-tubing perforators to penetrate large casings has led to the technique of magnetic positioning. The advantages of the "single-point entry" technique for formation fracturing have been realized by the development of radial-firing explosive devices for use on electrical cables. A major breakthrough in shaped-charge design has been achieved with the new reactive liner which develops high lateral pressures within the perforation, resulting in cleaner holes and, in tight formations, intensive fracturing. These recent developments provide increased efficiency and permit successful revision of older completion techniques. Magnetic Positioning Through-tubing completions, which continue to gain in popularity, pose additional problems in gun design. Besides improved safety and convenience, they make possible a differential pressure into the wellbore at the time of shooting which results in cleaner perforations. The trend in recent years has been toward even smaller-size tubings to permit multiple completions. Gun design problems, already severe in the small diameters, thus have increased. Excessive ranges of clearance that are encountered create a major problem in the design of through-tubing perforators. Clearance is defined as the distance from the perforator to the casing along the axis of the jet. Fig. 1 illustrates the clearance problem resulting from the use of a 1–11/16-in. gun below 2-in. tubing. In 7-in. casing the individual shot clearances could vary from 0 to 4 1/2-in. Obviously, the performance on the large-clearance shots would be drastically reduced; both penetration and entrance hole sizes are severely affected. JPT P. 1069^
Development of a Two-Dimensional-Thermal Model of Three Battery Chemistries (2017)

The growing need for accurate estimation of by fitting battery's thermal and electrical performances at different operating conditions is crucial in its applications especially in electrified vehicles. This paper presents an effective method for developing a thermal and electrical modeling methodology for calculation thermal behavior of a lithium-ion cell and the voltage response under a current solicitation. The model was elaborated on three pouch cells with different battery chemistries for use in electrical vehicles/hybrid electrical vehicles, namely lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, and lithium titanium oxide (LTO). The model, implemented in a MATLAB/Simulink interface, uses an equivalent circuit and heat-generation equations coupled a thermal model. The three cell chemistries have been investigated using test procedures and thermal images at room temperature. The results of this study show that a temperature distribution to be fairly uniform after a complete discharge for the three chemistries with the lowest temperature gradient found for the LTO-based cell. Finally, comparison between simulation results and measured data under dynamic profiles shows a good correspondence with the measurements of the validation tests with errors lying between ±4% and 2 °C for the electrical and thermal model, respectively.
Second-Harmonic Generation from Electrically Poled Niobium Alkali Silicate Glasses (1995)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) has been observed from electrically poled Nb 2 O 5 -containing mixed alkali silicate glasses. The glasses were poled by application of various high dc voltages at various temperatures for 2 h. SHG was observable from 150° C and 1.0 kV, and the intensity increased with the increase of poling temperature and applied voltage. SHG intensity depended on Nb 2 O 5 content, and the maximum was seen for the glass containing nearly 13 mol% Nb 2 O 5 .