gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Chip Touch Sensor Readout Circuit Using Passive Sigma-Delta Modulator Capacitance-to-Digital Converter (2015)

This paper describes a capacitive type touch sensor readout circuit using passive sigma-delta modulator-based capacitance-to-digital converter. With the proposed approach, the panel condition (touched or untouched) can be effectively converted into the digital level using the panel capacitance as the summing element of the first-order passive sigma-delta modulator. In addition, the proposed touch sensor readout circuit does not require an analog-to-digital converter, since the digital format corresponding to the touch panel condition can be simply obtained by counting the number of modulator output pulses within the detection period. This along with the passive architecture leads to a compact and low-power on-chip touch sensor readout circuitry. Furthermore, due to the noise shaping property of the sigma-delta modulator, a comparable SNR and detection time with respect to other touch sensor readout circuits can be achieved. The proposed touch sensor readout circuit is implemented using CMOS 0.35-μm technology with core area of 0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The operation of the sensor readout circuit is verified with a 10.4" projective capacitance type touch panel, where the measured SNR is 31.4 dB with power consumption of 65 μW.
Aqueous Cathode for Next-Generation Alkali-Ion Batteries (2011)

The lithium-ion batteries that ushered in the wireless revolution rely on electrode strategies that are being stretched to power electric vehicles. Low-cost, safe electrical-energy storage that enables better use of alternative energy sources (e.g., wind, solar, and nuclear) requires an alternative strategy. We report a demonstration of the feasibility of a battery having a thin, solid alkali-ion electrolyte separating a water-soluble redox couple as the cathode and lithium or sodium in a nonaqueous electrolyte as the anode. The cell operates without a catalyst and has high storage efficiency. The possibility of a flow-through mode for the cathode allows flexibility of the cell design for safe, large-capacity electrical-energy storage at an acceptable cost.
Feature analysis of selected database recovery techniques (1981)

Database recovery techniques in a real-time environment for so called single-division databases are investigated. A classification of database recovery goals and a classification of database system crashes is presented. It is shown that the (best) recovery goal is a function of a crash category against which the system is to be protected. In particular, for the broadest category of hidden hard crashes an actual past state is an attainable recovery goal. It is described how to reach this goal using a generic recovery technique, based on an idea of a database recovery block. The specific recovery techniques implementing the generic technique are described. Then the representation of each specific recovery technique in terms of atomic "primitives" is demonstrated. The claim is made that this "divide-and-conquer" approach can facilitate the analysis of the database recovery techniques.
Combined Linear and &#x00394;-Modulated Switched-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters (2007)

A combined linear and Δ-modulated switched-mode PA supply modulator for polar transmitters is designed in a 0.25μm CMOS process. The modulator follows the input envelope and achieves 20dB output DR, a maximum efficiency of 75.5%, and 75dB SNDR for envelope signals up to 4MHz occupied RF BW. For a 1625kb/s 8PSK RF input at 900MHz, polar modulation of a GSM-900 PA provides 10dB ACPR improvement.
Good 150&#x00B0;C retention and fast erase characteristics in charge-trap-engineered memory having a scaled Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> layer (2008)

We report a new charge-trap-engineered flash non-volatile memory that has combined 5nm Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> and 0.9nm EOT HfON trapping layers, within double-barrier and double-tunnel layers. At 150°C under a 100μs and ±16V P/E, this device showed good device integrity of a 5.6V initial ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> window and 3.8V 10-year extrapolated retention window. These data are better than the 3.3V initial ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> and 1.7V 10-year data for a similar structure not having the extra HfON layer.
GM-CSF as a target in inflammatory/autoimmune disease: current evidence and future therapeutic potential (2015)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be viewed as a pro-inflammatory cytokine rather than as a key regulator of steady state and systemic myelopoiesis. Key aspects of GM-CSF biology need to be clarified such as pro-survival vs activation/differentiation function, its cellular sources, its responsive cell populations, its downstream mediators/pathways, and when GM-CSF is relevant. Striking effects of GM-CSF depletion/deletion in some pre-clinical autoimmune/inflammation models have been reported. Systemic effects of administered GM-CSF are not necessarily informative about its local blockade in disease. Recent clinical RA trials, particularly Phase II trials with mavrilimumab (anti-GM-CSFRα Ab), show rapid and impressive efficacy with no significant adverse effects. Larger and longer trials targeting GM-CSF are needed and with careful monitoring of unwanted side effects. This review summarizes the most recent information on these topics.
RNA modularity for synthetic biology (2013)

RNA molecules are highly modular components that can be used in a variety of contexts for building new metabolic, regulatory and genetic circuits in cells. The majority of synthetic RNA systems to date predominately rely on two-dimensional modularity. However, a better understanding and integration of three-dimensional RNA modularity at structural and functional levels is critical to the development of more complex, functional bio-systems and molecular machines for synthetic biology applications.
Dynamic wavelength assignment for WDM all-optical tree networks (2005)

We develop an on-line wavelength assignment (WA) algorithm for a wavelength-routed WDM tree network. The algorithm dynamically supports all k-port traffic matrices among N end nodes, where k denotes an integer vector [k/sub 1/...,k/sub N/] and end node i,1/spl les/i/spl les/N, can transmit at most k/sub i/ wavelengths and receive at most k/sub i/ wavelengths. Our algorithm is rearrangeably nonblocking, uses the minimum number of wavelengths, and requires at most d/sup */-1 lightpath rearrangements per new session request, where d/sup */ is the degree of the most heavily used node. We observe that the number of lightpath rearrangements per new session request does not increase as the amount of traffic k scales up by an integer factor. In addition, wavelength converters cannot reduce the number of wavelengths required to support k-port traffic in a tree network. We show how to implement our WA algorithm using a hybrid wavelength-routed/broadcast tree with only one switching node connecting several passive broadcast subtrees. Finally, using roughly twice the minimum number of wavelengths for a rearrangeably nonblocking WA algorithm, we can modify the WA algorithm to be strict-sense nonblocking.
Blind deblurring of spiral CT images—comparative studies on edge‐to‐noise ratios (2002)

A recently developed blind deblurring algorithm based on the edge-to-noise ratio has been applied to improve the quality of spiral CT images. Since the discrepancy measure used to quantify the edge and noise effects is not symmetric, there are several ways to formulate the edge-to-noise ratio. This article is to investigate the performance of those ratios with phantom and patient data. In the phantom study, it is shown that all the ratios share similar properties, validating the blind deblurring algorithm. The image fidelity improvement varies from 29% to 33% for different ratios, according to the root mean square error (RMSE) criterion; the optimal iteration number determined for each ratio varies from 25 to 35. Those ratios that are associated with most satisfactory performance are singled out for the image fidelity improvement of about 33% in the numerical simulation. After automatic blind deblurring with the selected ratios, the spatial resolution of CT is substantially refined in all the cases tested.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-heptelidic acid (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-heptelidic acidSamuel J. Danishefsky and Nathan. MantloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 24, 8129–8133Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00232a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00232a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1539Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tunable Solid-state Laser. Application of Tunable Solid-State Lasers to Biophotonics Information Sensing. (1995)

Recent interest in biomedical imagings using lasers has been spurred by the need of nonionizing medical imaging diagnostics. Tunable solid-state lasers are well suited for spectroscopic measurements and imaging of biological tissues, which are expected to provide functional information of the samples. This paper summarizes our recent development of a laser-diode pumped, single-frequency CW Cr: LiSAF laser which has been demonstrated to be tunable over a wide range of 150 nm near the wavelength of 875 nm. By reviewing our recent progresss of optical imaging and computed tomography of tissues and tissue-like phantoms, we show some of the potential applications of the tunable solid-state lasers.
Differences in sympathetic neuroeffector transmission to rat mesenteric arteries and veins as probed by<i>in vitro</i>continuous amperometry and video imaging (2007)

As arteries are resistance blood vessels while veins perform a capacitance function, it might be expected that sympathetic neural control of arteries and veins would differ. The function of sympathetic nerves supplying mesenteric arteries (MA) and veins (MV) in rats was investigated using in vitro continuous amperometry with a carbon fibre microelectrode and video imaging. We simultaneously measured noradrenaline (NA) overflow at the blood vessel adventitial surface and vasoconstriction evoked by electrical stimulation of perivascular sympathetic nerves. Sympathetic nerve arrangement was studied using glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence of NA. We found that: (i) there were significant differences between MA and MV in the arrangement of sympathetic nerves; (ii) frequency-response curves for NA overflow and vasoconstriction for MV were left-shifted compared to MA; (iii) the P2X receptor antagonist, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS, 10 microm), reduced constrictions in MA but not in MV while the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, prazosin (0.1 microm), blocked constrictions in MV but not in MA; (iv) NA overflow for MA was enhanced by the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, yohimbine (1.0 microm), and attenuated by the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist, UK 14,304 (1.0 microm), while yohimbine and UK 14,304 had little effect in MV; (v) cocaine (10 microm) produced larger increases in NA overflow in MA than in MV; (vi) UK 14,304 constricted MV but not MA while yohimbine reduced constrictions in MV but not MA. We conclude that there are fundamental differences in sympathetic neuroeffector mechanisms in MA and MV, which are likely to contribute to their different haemodynamic functions.
A study of cochlear innervation patterns in cats and rats with the Golgi method and Nomarski optics (1975)

Cochlear innervation patterns were studied in infant cats and rats with the rapid Golgi method. Examination of thick serial sections and surface preparations with the differential interference contrast microscope (Nomarski optics) allowed direct visualization of individually impregnated spiral ganglion cells, complete with their peripheral processes and endings in the organ of Corti. Individually impregnated efferent fibers could be recognized as heavily varicose axons that project radially to endings beneath inner and outer hair cells after taking a tangential course in the intraganglionic spiral bundle. It was often possible to visualize unimpregnated hair cells in contact with the impregnated endings of both types of fibers. There are at least two types of spiral ganglion cells in the cochlea of the infant cat and rat. One type innervates only inner hair cells by means of radial fibers. These ganglion cells constitute the overwhelming majority of ganglion cells impregnated in our preparations, and each cell typically innervates two inner hair cells. Hence, these ganglion cells establish nearly "point-to-point" connections between the auditory nerve and the organ of Corti. The other type of ganglion cell innervates outer hair cells by means of long spiral fibers; each cell typically innervates many outer hair cells through the numerous angular enlargements and short end branches of its spiral fiber. In addition, a few of these spiral fibers also send branches to inner hair cells by means of short collaterals; it remains to be seen if such fibers also occur in mature cochleas. Efferent fibers have been traced to inner and outer hair cell regions. The simplest pattern is formed by fine beaded axons with only a few branches ending mainly beneath inner hair cells. More complex patterns are formed by larger axons with many branches ending beneath inner or outer hair cells. Many efferent fibers send branches to both inner and outer hair cells. Electrophysiological studies so far have not demonstrated different populations of units that clearly correspond to the spiral and radial fibers. Therefore, the physilogical differences between inner and outer hair cell innervation remain undefined.
Novel therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: an update. (2010)

As the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to be a burden for patients and their families. In addition, with the global population of aged individuals increasing exponentially, AD represents a significant economic burden to society. The development of an effective approach for the treatment of AD is thus of major importance, as current treatment strategies are limited to agents that attenuate disease symptomatology without addressing the causes of disease. A considerable need exists for the development of an effective therapy to prevent, or at least delay, the progression of AD. Current hypotheses for the pathogenesis of AD are discussed in this review, with a particular emphasis on the implications of these hypotheses with respect to treatment strategies and preventive measures.
Adenosine Receptor Subtypes: Characterization and Therapeutic Regulation (1995)

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family and mediate the multiple physiological effects of adenosine. Currently, four AR subtypes have been cloned: A1AR, A2aAR, A2bAR, and A3AR. All subtypes are distinctly distributed throughout the body and AR agonists and antagonists have potential therapeutic utility. Knowledge of AR amino acid structure has been utilized in mutagenesis studies to identify specific receptor regions that interact with distinct classes of ligands. Cloning of ARs has also permitted receptor regulatory processes such as desensitization to be studied in greater detail, in particular, the molecular mechanisms underlying this event. Cloning of the human A1AR has revealed that alternate splicing generates distinct receptor transcripts. The existence of a particular transcript in a tissue or cell apparently regulates the level of A1AR expression in the tissue. This review focuses on these aspects of AR structure and function and their therapeutic regulation.
Green light emitting diodes on a-plane GaN bulk substrates (2008)

We report the development of 520–540nm green light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown along the nonpolar a axis of GaN. GaInN∕GaN-based quantum well structures were grown in homoepitaxy on both, a-plane bulk GaN and a-plane GaN on r-plane sapphire. LEDs on GaN show higher, virtually dislocation-free crystalline quality and three times higher light output power when compared to those on r-plane sapphire. Both structures show a much smaller wavelength blue shift for increasing current density (&lt;10nm for 0.1to12.7A∕cm2) than conventional LEDs grown along the polar c axis.
Stimulation of nerve growth factor mRNA content in C6 glioma cells by a β‐adrenergic receptor and by cyclic AMP (1988)

Authentic beta-nerve growth factor mRNA, approximately 1.35 kb in size, has been detected by Northern blot analysis in C6 glioma cells. Exposure of the cells to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol leads to a three- to fourfold increase in NGF mRNA, which reaches a peak by 2 hr. The EC50 for this effect of isoproterenol is approximately 2nM. The effect can be blocked by the beta-blocker propranolol but not by the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine. Treatment of the cells with forskolin also increases NGF mRNA three- to fourfold, with a maximal effect by 2 hr. The stimulation of NGF mRNA by maximal concentrations of forskolin and isoproterenol is not additive; similarly, the two drugs have a nonadditive effect on cyclic AMP content. The results suggest that NGF gene transcription can be stimulated via increases in intracellular cyclic AMP and that regulation of NGF production by glial cells may occur via activation of cell-surface neurotransmitter receptors such as the beta-adrenergic receptor.
Iterative soft decision decoding of Reed Solomon codes based on adaptive parity check matrices (2004)

We present a soft decision decoding algorithm for Reed Solomon (RS) codes using their binary image representations. The novelty of the proposed decoding algorithm is in reducing the submatrix corresponding to the less reliable bits to a sparse nature prior to each decoding iteration and in adapting the parity check matrix from one iteration to another. Simulation results show that the new method provides significant gain over hard decision decoding (HDD) and compares favorably with other popular soft decision decoding methods [R. Koetter et al., 2003].
Experimental Study of Impact Ionization Phenomena in Sub- 0.1 µm Si Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) (1996)

Impact ionization phenomenon in sub-0.1 µm Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) has been examined in detail. N-MOSFETs with gate oxide of 4, 6 and 8 nm thickness were fabricated using pocket implantation technology. The test devices have n + polysilicon gate electrodes and shallow extension formed by arsenic implantation at the acceleration voltage of 15 keV. Sub-band-gap impact ionization can be observed for the 0.08 µm N-MOSFET. It is clearly observed that thin gate oxide suppresses impact ionization. Simulation results reveal that the lateral electric field near the drain is decreased by thinner gate oxide of 4 nm thickness. In addition, the dependence of the impact ionization rate on the gate oxide thickness decreases with decreasing gate length.
High-Throughput Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Covalent Protein-Inhibitor Adducts for the Discovery of Irreversible Inhibitors: A Complete Workflow (2015)

We have implemented a solid-phase extraction based time-of-flight mass spectrometer system in combination with novel informatics to rapidly screen and characterize the covalent binding of different irreversible inhibitors to intact proteins. This high-throughput screening platform can be used to accurately detect and quantitate the extent of formation of different covalent protein-inhibitor adducts between electrophilic inhibitors and nucleophilic residues such as cysteine or lysine. For a representative 19.5 kDa protein, the analysis time is approximately 20 s per sample, including an efficient sample loading and desalting step. Accurate protein masses are measured (±0.5 amu of the theoretical molecular weight; measured precision of ±0.02 amu). The fraction of protein reacted with an electrophilic compound is determined relative to an unmodified protein control. A key element of the workflow is the automated identification and quantitation of the expected masses of covalent protein-inhibitor adducts using a custom routine that obviates the need to manually inspect each individual spectrum. Parallel screens were performed on a library of approximately 1000 acrylamide containing compounds (different structures and reactivities) using the solid-phase extraction mass spectrometry based assay and a fluorescence based thiol-reactive probe assay enabling comparison of false positives and false negatives between these orthogonal screening approaches.
Search radar detection and track with the Hough transform. I. system concept (1994)

A method of viewing search radar signals and data is described and analyzed in which the image processing technique of the Hough transform is used to extract detections and simultaneous tracks from multi-dimensional data maps. System design concepts are considered and simulation examples are given that illustrate the concept. The technique offers many advantages when compared with more traditional techniques. These advantages include improved detection, a solution to the range walk problem, flexibility of implementation, elimination of slow scan-rate latency and automatic track acquisition without revisit. The concept is similar to track-before-detect algorithms that use preliminary information from previous scans to aid in target declarations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>