gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Vascular Relaxant and Cardiac Electrophysiological Effects of Pinacidil (1988)

Pinacidil may represent an example of a new class of vasodilators that act by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions. In the present study, the cardiac electrophysiological and venorelaxant effects of a series of pinacidil analogs in canine tissues in vitro were examined. Piacidil (3 x 10(-5) M) markedly reduced action potential duration in Purkinje fibers (82 +/- 3% decrease) and ventricular muscle (54 +/- 2% decrease) without significantly affecting maximal upstroke velocity of the action potential or conduction time. The EC50 for the reduction in Purkinje fiber action potential duration was 2.6 +/- 0.5 microM. Pinacidil also decreased barium-induced automaticity in Purkinje fibers; the concentration that decreased the rate of firing by 50% was identical to the EC50 for decreasing action potential duration. In some preparations, high concentrations of pinacidil (greater than or equal to 3 x 10(-5) M) were associated with the appearance of spontaneous action potentials that were closely coupled to the preceding driven action potential. The EC50 for pinacidil in relaxing phenylephrine-contracted cephalic veins was 0.43 +/- 0.09 microM, and in isolated cat papillary muscle, pinacidil had a direct negative inotropic effect with an EC50 of 4.1 +/- 0.7 microM. Thus, pinacidil was 6 and 10 times more potent in relaxing phenylephrine-contracted veins than in shortening action potential or decreasing cardiac contractility. There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.933, p = 0.002) between decreases in action potential duration and venorelaxation for all pinacidil analogs, as well as for BRL 34915 and nicorandil, two purported potassium channel openers. Significant correlations were also obtained between negative inotropic effects and reductions in action potential duration for the pinacidil series. Pinacidil (10(-5) M) also inhibited the venoconstrictor responses to the selective alpha 2 agonist, B-HT 920, to a greater extent than the alpha 1 agonist, methoxamine. Since a good correlation exists in vitro among all the compounds studied in reducing action potential duration, relaxing vascular tissue, and decreasing cardiac contractility, it is concluded that pinacidil as well as nicorandil and BRL 34915 affect vascular and cardiac tissues by similar mechanisms, possibly by increases in potassium ion permeability, although other mechanisms may also play a role.
An Evaluation of Colour Models' Performance Using Image Compression Algorithms (1999)

Five colour models were evaluated using the JPEG and uniform quantization algorithms. They form two categories: linear models including XYZ and YIQ, and non-linear models including CIELAB and CIELUV uniform colour spaces, and CIECAM97s color appearance model. The results show that all non-linear models performed better than those linear models, and not much different between non-linear models.
Accelerating terahertz all-optical modulation by hot carriers effects of silver nanorods in PVA film (2019)

While the terahertz regime has proved to be a promising solution for wireless big-data transmission, the lack of available functional devices working in this band seriously constrain the wide engineering applications. In this paper, the silver nanorods in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film are developed for enhancing and accelerating THz all-optical modulation. The modulation depth can reach 80% under 0.6W/cm2, and the speed can reach 3kHz which is much faster than our previous research. It has been attributed to the plasmonic hot carriers’ effect of the silver nanorods, which makes the photoexcited electrons more easily jump out of the barrier and assemble in the heterostructure between PVA and silicon. Moreover, the photoelectronic response is proved to be related to the plasmonic absorption of the pumping light, which means the modulation speed is decided by the color of the pump light. This experiment phenomenon provides a way to build color-selective terahertz all-optical modulators. Considering its capability for broadband, efficient, and fast modulation of THz waves, this low-cost and conveniently fabricated device could be broadly applied in polymer related THz devices.
Adaptive total variation based filtering for MRI images with spatially inhomogeneous noise and artifacts (2009)

The widely adopted total variation (TV) filter is not optimal for MRI images with spatially varying noise levels, not to say those with also artifacts. To better preserve edges and fine structures while sufficiently removing noise and artifacts, we first use local mutual information together with k-means segmentation to automatically locate most of the reliable edges from the noisy input; noise and artifacts distribution at other regions are then studied using local variance; all obtained transparent information in turn guides fully automatic local adjustment of the TV filter. The proposed spatially adaptive TV model has been applied to partially parallel MRI (PP-MRI) image reconstructed using GRAPPA and SENSE. Comparison with Perona-Malik anisotropic diffusion and another adaptive TV verifies that the proposed model provides higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and results closer to ground truth. Numerical results on many in vivo clinical data sets demonstrate the robustness and viability of the unsupervised method.
Mythen vom Gotte Kumarbi: Neue Fragmente. Von Heinrich Otten. (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: Institut für Orientforschung: Veröffentlichung nr. 3.) pp. 40; pl. 11; index. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1950. (1952)

Mythen vom Gotte Kumarbi: Neue Fragmente. Von Heinrich Otten. (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: Institut für Orientforschung: Veröffentlichung nr. 3.) pp. 40; pl. 11; index. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1950. - Volume 14 Issue 2
Expression, Purification, and Ligand-Binding Analysis of Recombinant Keratinocyte Lipid-Binding Protein (MAL-1), an Intracellular Lipid-Binding Protein Found Overexpressed in Neoplastic Skin Cells (1996)

The keratinocyte lipid-binding protein (KLBP) has been identified on the basis of nucleotide sequence analysis of its cloned cDNA as a new member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein (iLBP) multigene family. To characterize KLBP and determine its ligand-binding properties, its cDNA was subcloned into Escherichia coli, and the protein was overexpressed and purified to homogeneity by a combination of acid extraction, gel permeation, and ion-exchange chromatographies. Purified KLBP exhibited high-affinity binding of the fluorescent hydrophobic probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (1,8-ANS), displaying an apparent dissociation constant of 390 +/- 90 nM (n = 0.74 +/- 0.2). Using an assay based upon displacement of the bound fluorophore, KLBP was found to bind long chain fatty acids most avidly; oleic acid (18:1) bound with an apparent Kd of 248 +/- 12 nM, and arachidonic acid (20:4) exhibited a dissociation constant of 318 +/- 14 nM. As the length of the fatty acid decreased, the binding affinity was reduced; myristic acid (14:0) bound with a K(d) of 1409 +/- 423 nM, but medium-chain (decanoic acid, 10:0) and short-chain (octanoic acid, 8:0) lipids were not bound at all. The protein did not bind prostaglandin E2 with any measurable affinity but did associate with eicosanoids such as 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE; K(d) of 848 +/- 211 nM) and 15-HPETE (Kd of 463 +/- 243 nM) and to a lesser extent their hydroxy derivatives, 5-HETE and 15-HETE (Kd of 1560 +/- 115 nM and greater than 4 microM, respectively). all-trans-Retinoic acid was a weak ligand for KLBP, binding with a Kd of 3600 nM, and all-trans-retinol did not displace 1,8-ANS. Molecular modeling of the KLBP sequence upon the X-ray crystal structures of several iLBP's suggested that the side chains of one or more cysteine residues may reside within the putative ligand-binding cavity. Consistent with this, sulfhydryl titration of purified KLBP with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at pH 8.0 in the presence and absence of oleic acid revealed that at least one residue was protected from modification by the fatty acid. These results describe the first purification and characterization of the ligand-binding properties of KLBP and indicate that the protein is a fatty acid binding protein with a tertiary structure likely to be similar to other members of the iLBP multigene family.
FASTCHART-Idea and Implementation (1991)

In this arlicle there is a description of a new hardware structure for small real-time systems which is time delerministic in the execution of CPU instructions and the real-time operating s.ystern. It also iiicludes the studies of practicabilitjl and the difficulties in impleme~i~ing [.lie structure. 1 Iiitroductioii ‘l’lie designers of hard rea.l-t,inie systems want to know whether the response time for all functions will be shorter than a specified maxiniuiii time. Achieving this requirement the red-time system will be predick~l~le. This article shows how one can get predictable rcal-tinie systems 011 a. niicroscoipic level a.ud a11 ini)leiiientation of this principle. In the article we define a IIW unit. named RTU, Real ‘hie LJnit,, which works coiicurrent,ly wit,li the CPU.
Ionization of the phosphorus-hydrogen bond in diethyl phosphonate (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIonization of the phosphorus-hydrogen bond in diethyl phosphonateEdward S. Lewis and L. Gene Spears Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 13, 3918–3921Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00299a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF UNDERGROUND SALT CAVERNS IN WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND: EXPERIMENTAL AND FINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION OF CREEP-INDUCED DAMAGE (2015)

Underground caverns in rock salt deposits are the most secure disposal method and a type of gas-storing facility. Gas storage plays a vital role in ensuring that a strategic relationship is secured between an established energy infrastructure provider and a midstream energy company. The Fischells Brook area is a pillow-shaped body of salts located in the St. George's Bay area of southwest Newfoundland, which has three layers of salt beds, and is capable of excavating caverns for the storage purposes. The development of cavern facilities requires the stability analysis through numerical models and experimental facilities. This work was motivated to examine the engineering feasibility of the salt cavern characteristics in this area, and to investigate its stability under creep behavior. An experimental test facility was developed to investigate the constitutive parameters governing the creep of rock salt, and the constitutive parameters were implemented into a developed finite element model to investigate the stability of the cavern over a 5-year period. Also a stress-based dilatancy failure envelope was developed to interpret the results of the numerical model, and to conduct sensitivity analyses for different design scenarios. The design recommendations developed in this study will be implemented as a key part of an engineering feasibility study for underground caverns in salt deposits in western Newfoundland.
The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hearing loss (2017)

Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans, affecting 5.3% worldwide population. Although approximately 1 in 500 children are born with impaired hearing, sudden or progressive forms of hearing loss can manifest at any age. Hearing impairment following cochlear damage due to noise trauma, ototoxicity or age-related cochlear degeneration was linked to a common pathogenesis involving the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review summarizes the current data suggesting a role of mitochondrial ROS overproduction in hearing loss and the molecular mechanism involved in hair cell apoptosis responsible of this disorder. Because increasing number of studies demonstrated that antioxidants and free radical scavengers may serve as effective compounds to block the activation of cochlear hair cell death, targeting members of antioxidant pathways and in the breakdown of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxidase, could be feasible options for the treatment of several types of hearing loss.
Characterization of the Composition of Solid Mixtures Using Particle Shape Distributions Obtained by Image Analysis (1997)

There are many applications of particle technology in which solid mixtures consisting of particles having the same chemical, mineralogical and physical properties are used. The particles are then distinguishable only by shape. The particle shape significantly influences the technological behaviour of the mixture and the properties of the materials produced. Therefore, mathematical procedures are necessary in order to determine the composition of such a mixture according to the proportions of certain particle shape classes. These classes are the respective components of the mixture. In this work, various statistical methods were tested to classify the particles by shape analysis. A two‐component mixture of quartz and muscovite was used as a reference material. The results obtained by different theoretical methods were compared with each other. Alternative methods such as histogram fit and the EM algorithm provided better results than the conventional method of discriminant analysis, as expected. Because the statistical behaviour of the components can be estimated only using reference samples, a statistical error of about 5–10% depending on the respective sample size was met. However, this is a satisfactory result. It turned out that it is possible to conclude exclusively on the basis of the particle shape distribution about the composition of a mixture. The methodical knowledge obtained can be used in industrial applications such as the ceramic industry, the production of paints and the bulk solids technology.
Interferometric measurement of SELFOC&lt;sup&gt;reg&lt;/sup&gt;dielectric constant coefficients to sixth order (1973)

A simple and sensitive interferometric technique which yields accurate measurements of the 2nd- , 4th-, and 6th-order coefficients of the series expansion for the radial distribution of the dielectric constant of SELFOC or other GRIN rods is reported. Such data are required, for example, in predicting temporal dispersion in SELFOC fiber waveguides. The interferometer directly measures the relative phase delay along meridional-ray paths of different initial field angles. The mathematical analysis consists of finding the 2nd-, 4th-, and 6th-order coefficients which yield the best least squares fit to the measured phase shifts. The 4th-order results are found to be in good agreement with those of I. Kitano and co-workers. As an experimental application we describe a small, mechanically stable, diffraction-limited collimator for use with an optical fiber waveguide.
Effect of curcumin on 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- and ultraviolet B light-induced expression of c-Jun and c-Fos in JB6 cells and in mouse epidermis (1994)

Expression of c-jun protein (c-Jun) was observed in normally proliferating JB6 cells but not in confluent cells. Reduction of the serum concentration from 5% to 2% in the cell culture medium caused JB6 cells to enter a quiescent non-proliferating state and down-regulated the expression of c-Jun. Treatment of quiescent JB6 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (10 ng/ml) for 24 h markedly stimulated the formation of c-Jun and caused morphological changes. Treatment of JB6 cells with TPA for 48 h resulted in transformed foci with mixed cell populations. Although some cells in these foci expressed high levels of c-Jun, many other cells did not. The increased expression of c-Jun and morphological changes observed at 24 h after treatment of JB6 cells with TPA (10 ng/ml) was inhibited by curcumin (10 nmol/ml). Treatment of JB6 cells with 2.5, 5 or 10 nmol curcumin/ml inhibited the formation of TPA-induced anchorage-independent colonies that grow in soft agar by 31%, 43% and 77%, respectively. Although inhibition of cell proliferation was not observed with 2.5 nmol curcumin/ml, higher concentrations did inhibit cell proliferation. Topical application of 5 nmol TPA to the backs of CD-1 mice once a day for 5 days caused epidermal hyperplasia and the levels of c-Jun were increased in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis and in the muscle layer of the dermis. This treatment also increased c-fos protein (c-Fos) expression in the muscle layer, but there was little or no increase in the expression of c-Fos in the basal or suprabasal layer of the epidermis. Topical application of 10 mumol curcumin together with 5 nmol TPA once a day for 5 days strongly inhibited TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and c-Jun and c-Fos expression. A single application of 180 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet B light (UVB) to the backs of SKH-1 mice caused epidermal hyperplasia and expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the muscle layer of the dermis and of c-Fos in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis. Maximum effects were observed at 6 days after UVB exposure. Application of 10 mumol curcumin to mouse skin twice a day for 5 days immediately after UVB exposure had only a small/variable inhibitory effect on UVB-induced increases in the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun and on epidermal hyperplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Schottky barrier formation on electron beam deposited amorphous Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>:H alloys and amorphous (Si/Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>):H modulated structures (1986)

Amorphous Si:H and Si1−xGex:H films were prepared by mixing electron beam evaporated silicon with a molecular beam of germanium from a Knudsen cell and with a beam of ionized hydrogen produced by a 0–3 keV ion source. Aluminum Schottky barriers on two types of samples of (1) amorphous Si1−xGex:H with 0.15&lt;x&lt;0.85 and (2) modulated structures of 50×100 Å layers of amorphous Si:H/a-Si0.8Ge0.2:H (10−5 Torr PH hydrogen) were investigated. Barrier height was found to depend on the Ge concentration and possible Fermi level pinning due to the dangling bond deep level. The modulated structures showed a negative resistance region and a barrier height determined only by the composition of the first layer.
Aromatase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological activity of androstenedione derivatives (1985)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of androstenedione derivatives as inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis are described. The results show that 4-hydroxy analogues are among the most potent in vitro inhibitors of the series. Esterification of the 4-hydroxy steroids generally reduced activity. Further conjugation of the 3-keto 4-ene system to give 4-hydroxy-4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione caused more rapid inactivation of aromatase in rat ovarian microsomes than 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. Some compounds exhibited differences in activity when tested for inhibition of human placental microsomes vs. rat ovarian microsomes. The 4-hydroxyandrostenedione derivatives and their nonbulky esters were generally more potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors than other substituted steroids in the series. Several of the synthesized compounds markedly reduce (50-81%) estrogen levels in rats on proestrus and/or had antifertility action. To date, none of the compounds surpassed the in vivo inhibitory action of 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione or its 4-acetate derivative.
Recognizing names in biomedical texts: a machine learning approach (2004)

A demo system is available at http://textmining.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/NLS/demo.htm. Technology license is available upon the bilateral agreement.
Rabies Group-Specific Ribonucleoprotein Antigen and a Test System for Grouping and Typing of Rhabdoviruses (1973)

Cell-associated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) was isolated from BHK-21 cells infected with several strains of rabies and rabies-related viruses. The RNP-antigen from rabies and related viruses induced the formation of complement-fixing, precipitating, and immunofluorescent antibodies, and proved to be the group-specific antigen common to all rabies viruses. Antigens of the envelope which induce virus-neutralizing antibodies are apparently determinative for the serotype of a virus as evidenced by two-way neutralization tests. A combination of these methods seems to be a useful approach to the serological grouping and typing of rhabdoviruses.
Multitasking and monotasking (2010)

Recent research has found that forced interruptions at points of higher mental workload are more disruptive than at points of lower workload. This paper investigates a complementary idea: when users experience deferrable interruptions at points of higher workload, they may tend to defer processing of the interruption until times of lower workload. In an experiment, users performed a mail-browser primary task while being occasionally interrupted by a secondary chat task, evenly distributed between points of higher and lower workload. Analysis showed that 94% of the time, users switched to the interrupting task during periods of lower workload, versus only 6% during periods of higher workload. The results suggest that when interruptions can be deferred, users have a strong tendency to ''monotask'' until primary-task mental workload has been minimized.
Contextual picking of volumetric structures (2009)

This paper presents a novel method for the interactive identification of contextual interest points within volumetric data by picking on a direct volume rendered image. In clinical diagnostics the points of interest are often located in the center of anatomical structures. In order to derive the volumetric position which allows a convenient examination of the intended structure, the system automatically extracts contextual meta information from the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images and the setup of the medical workstation. Along a viewing ray for a volumetric picking, the ray profile is analyzed for structures which are similar to predefined templates from a knowledge base. We demonstrate with our results that the obtained position in 3D can be utilized to highlight a structure in 2D slice views, to interactively calculate centerlines of tubular objects, or to place labels at contextually-defined volumetric positions.