gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OLAP on search logs (2009)

Search logs, which contain rich and up-to-date information about users' needs and preferences, have become a critical data source for search engines. Recently, more and more data-driven applications are being developed in search engines based on search logs, such as query suggestion, keyword bidding, and dissatisfactory query analysis. In this paper, by observing that many data-driven applications in search engines highly rely on online mining of search logs, we develop an OLAP system on search logs which serves as an infrastructure supporting various data-driven applications. An empirical study using real data of over two billion query sessions demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of our design.
The Acetylation of Starch by Reactive Extrusion (1998)

Potato starch has been acetylated in a counter rotating twin screw extruder using vinylacetate and sodium hydroxide. The desired starch acetylation reaction is accompanied by an undesired parallel base catalysed hydrolysis reaction of vinylacetate and a consecutive hydrolysis reaction of the acetylated starch. Also deacetylation may occur. During the extrusion process sodium hydroxide, vinylacetate, granular potato starch and water were supplied to the extruder. Conversions up to 100% could be achieved. The degree of substitution could be varied from 0.05 to 0.2. Selectivities from vinylacetate towards starch of up to 80% could be achieved. From reaction kinetics and experiments it could be concluded that the deacetylation reaction could be neglected. The degree of gelatinisation appeared to be a major key parameter. Increasing the gelatinisation in an early stage of the extrusion process, at high starch concentrations and temperatures, increases the selectivity and degree of substitution. The gelatinisation degree can be increased by applying high shear and temperatures to the starch granule and by using screws with modified geometries.
Chymase inhibition as a pharmacological target: a role in inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal disorders? (2012)

Chymase has been extensively studied with respect to its role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, and is notable for its role in the generation of angiotensin II, a mediator crucial in vascular remodelling. However, in more recent years, an association between chymase and several inflammatory diseases, including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been described. Such studies, to date, with respect to IBD at least, are descriptive in the clinical context; nonetheless, preclinical studies implicate chymase in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation. However, studies to elucidate the role of chymase in functional bowel disease are in their infancy, but suggest a plausible role for chymase in contributing to some of the phenotypic changes observed in such disorders, namely increased epithelial permeability. In this short review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the pathophysiological role of chymase and its inhibition with reference to inflammation and tissue injury outside of the GI tract and discussed its potential role in GI disorders. We speculate that chymase may be a novel therapeutic target in the GI tract, and as such, inhibitors of chymase warrant preclinical investigation in GI diseases.
Wide-Band Strip-Line Magic-T (1960)

This paper presents theoretical performance calculations of a novel form of wide-band strip-line Magic-T that uses two dual strip-line band-pass filters. When all four ports are terminated in the same impedance, the VSWR at each port is less than 1.47 over a 2:1 frequency band, while the isolation between opposite ports is greater than 20 db over this frequency band.
Preparation of carbonated natural rubber (2006)

Carbonated natural rubber was prepared from deproteinized natural rubber with supercritical carbon dioxide, in which the deproteinization of natural rubber was performed in the latex stage with urea in the presence of a surfactant. The deproteinized natural rubber was epoxidized with peracetic acid in the latex stage, and this was followed by depolymerization with peroxide to prepare liquid epoxidized natural rubber. The liquid epoxidized rubber was incubated with supercritical carbon dioxide with lithium bromide as a catalyst at various temperatures and pressures. The product was proved to be carbonated natural rubber by means of Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, two-dimensional 1H–1H correlation, two-dimensional 1H–13C correlation, and two-dimensional heteronuclear multiple bond correlation.
ENZO: A Web Tool for Derivation and Evaluation of Kinetic Models of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions (2011)

We describe a web tool ENZO (Enzyme Kinetics), a graphical interface for building kinetic models of enzyme catalyzed reactions. ENZO automatically generates the corresponding differential equations from a stipulated enzyme reaction scheme. These differential equations are processed by a numerical solver and a regression algorithm which fits the coefficients of differential equations to experimentally observed time course curves. ENZO allows rapid evaluation of rival reaction schemes and can be used for routine tests in enzyme kinetics. It is freely available as a web tool, at http://enzo.cmm.ki.si.
Crosslinking of Casein Components by Transglutaminase (1980)

Transglutaminase catalyzes the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl crosslinks and the substitution of a variety of primary amines for the γ-carboxyamide groups of protein-bound glutaminyl residues. As a first step in the use of transglutaminase for enzymic modification of food proteins, the reactivity of bovine casein components (αs1-, β-, and κ-caseins) in the transglutaminase reaction was compared, and the properties of casein modified by this enzyme were examined. The reactivity of κ-casein was lower than that of αs1 or β-caseins. Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that each casein component was polymerized through formation of intermolecular crosslinks by transglutaminase. Ultracentrifugal experiments in the absence of calcium ions revealed that complex formation between αs1-casein (or β-casein) and κ-casein was not impaired by this modification. The functional properties of αs1- and β-caseins in the presence of calcium ions (e.g. precipitation and micelle formation) were essentially retained after the modification. These results suggest that transglutaminase would be a useful tool to polymerize casein without damaging its special properties.
Indirect exchange interaction between two quantum dots in an Aharonov-Bohm ring (2004)

We investigate the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction between two spins located at two quantum dots embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring. In such a system the RKKY interaction, which oscillates as a function of the distance between two local spins, is affected by the flux. For the case of the ferromagnetic RKKY interaction, we find that the amplitude of AB oscillations is enhanced by the Kondo correlations and an additional maximum appears at half flux, where the interaction is switched off. For the case of the antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction, we find that the phase of AB oscillations is shifted by $\ensuremath{\pi},$ which is attributed to the formation of a singlet state between two spins for the flux value close to integer value of flux.
apbA, a new genetic locus involved in thiamine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium (1994)

In Salmonella typhimurium, the synthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine can occur by utilization of the first five steps in de novo purine biosynthesis or independently of the pur genes through the alternative pyrimidine biosynthetic, or APB, pathway (D. M. Downs, J. Bacteriol. 174:1515-1521, 1992). We have isolated the first mutations defective in the APB pathway. These mutations define the apbA locus and map at 10.5 min on the S. typhimurium chromosome. We have cloned and sequenced the apbA gene and found it to encode a 32-kDa polypeptide whose sequence predicts an NAD/flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding pocket in the protein. The phenotypes of apbA mutants suggest that, under some conditions, the APB pathway is the sole source of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine in wild-type S. typhimurium, and furthermore, the pur genetic background of the strain influences whether this pathway can function under aerobic and/or anaerobic growth conditions.
Software defined flow-mapping for scaling virtualized network functions (2013)

Network functions such as subscriber-management, content-optimization, security and quality of service, are typically delivered using proprietary hardware appliances embedded into the network as turn-key service-nodes. Next generation functions are being implemented as pure software instances running on standard servers - unbundled components of capacity and functionality. Location-Identity-Separation Overlays enable SDN flow-mapping to dynamically assemble these components to whole solutions by steering the right traffic in the right sequence, of mobile users, to elastic apps & functions.
Addition of hydrohalogenic acids to alkenes in aqueous-organic, two-phase systems in the presence of catalytic amounts of onium salts (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of hydrohalogenic acids to alkenes in aqueous-organic, two-phase systems in the presence of catalytic amounts of onium saltsDario Landini and Franco RollaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 17, 3527–3529Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01305a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01305a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1017Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minimum entropy, k-means, spectral clustering (2005)

This paper addresses an information-theoretic aspect of k-means and spectral clustering. First, we revisit the k-means clustering and show that its objective function is approximately derived from the minimum entropy principle when the Renyi's quadratic entropy is used. Then we present a maximum within-clustering association that is derived using a quadratic distance measure in the framework of minimum entropy principle, which is very similar to a class of spectral clustering algorithms that is based on the eigen-decomposition method.
Mining the Web and the Internet for Accurate IP Address Geolocations (2009)

In this paper, we present Structon, a novel approach that uses Web mining together with inference and IP traceroute to geolocate IP addresses with significantly better accuracy than existing automated approaches. Structon is composed of three ideas which we realize in three corresponding steps. First, we extract geolocation information of Web server IP addresses from Web pages. Second, we devise heuristic algorithms to improve both the accuracy and the coverage of the IP geolocation database using these Web server IP addresses and their geolocations as input. Third, for those segments that are not covered in the first two steps, we use IP traceroute to identify the access routers of those segments. When the location of the access router is known, we can deduce the location of the associated segment since it is co-located together with the access router. By mining 500-million Web pages collected in China in 2006 (11 percent of the total Web pages in China at that time), we are able to identify the geolocations for 103 million IP addresses. This represents nearly 88 percent IP addresses allocated to China in March 2008. Structon is 87.4 percent accurate at city granularity and up to 93.5 percent accurate at province level. We also used 10 day Windows Live client log to evaluate our client IP addresses coverage: Structon identified geolocations of 98.9 percent of client IP addresses.
Genetic Analysis of a New Subgroup of Human and Simian T-Lymphotropic Retroviruses: HTLV-IV, LAV-2, SBL-6669, and STLV-III <sub>AGM</sub> (1987)

A new primate retrovirus, STLV-IIIAGM, has been recently isolated from healthy African green monkeys and is apparently nonpathogenic in its natural host. However, spontaneous infection as well as inoculation of STLV-IIIAGM into macaques induces a disease with clinical features that resemble human AIDS. Independent isolates of human retroviruses, serologically closely related to STLV-IIIAGM, have been obtained from healthy individuals (HTLV-IV) and patients with immunodeficiency (LAV-2FG and SBL 6669) from West Africa. The latter have also been referred to as HIV-2 because, like HTLV-III/HIV-1, they may be associated with immune deficiency, or as West African human retroviruses because of their prevalence and probable origin from that region. We have molecularly cloned the STLV-IIIAGM genome and have generated probes from the gag-pol and envelope genes to analyze the genetic relatedness of these simian and human retroviruses. Our results indicate that all these retroviruses are genetically closely related to each other, HTLV-IV and STLV-IIIAGM differing only by a few restriction enzyme sites while LAV-2FG and SBL 6669 exhibit greater polymorphism from HTLV-IV/STLV-IIIAGM. These data mirror the variable degree of relatedness among members of the first subgroup of human retroviruses, HTLV-III/HIV.
Noninvasive Mitochondrial Imaging in Live Cell Culture (2005)

The observed distribution of mitochondria in a cell can vary with environmental influence, degree of differentiation and disease. Differences in the distribution of mitochondrial autofluorescence may be used to distinguish these different cellular states.
The impact of smart disks and spatial reuse property on RAID-5 storage systems (2002)

RAID storage systems using SCSI and traditional disk drives cannot meet the growing demand of new I/O intensive applications. New technologies such as smart disks and SSA are being proposed to improve the performance, scalability, and reliability of RAID systems. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of smart disks and SSA's spatial reuse property on the performance of RAID-5 storage systems. In order to perform this work, we have enhanced CMU's RAIDframe simulator so that it accurately models the overhead of current SCSI and SSA protocols, and we have created smart disk models which include on-drive XOR logic and on-drive caches. We observe that neither smart disks alone nor spatial reuse property alone has much impact on RAID system performance. However, if smart disks and spatial reuse property are properly used in combination, RAID-5 system performance and scalability can be further enhanced. In particular, we propose a parity caching approach to improve the performance of small writes.
Scrutinizing the State of Cloud Storage with Cloud-RAID: A Secure and Reliable Storage Above the Clouds (2013)

Public cloud storage services enable organizations to manage data with low operational expenses. However, the benefits come along with challenges and open issues such as security, reliability and the risk to become dependent on a provider for its service. In our previous work, we presented a system that improves availability, confidentiality and reliability of data stored in the cloud. To achieve this objective, we encrypt user's data and make use of the RAID-technology principle to manage data distribution across cloud storage providers. Recently, we conducted a proof-of-concept experiment for our application to evaluate the performance and cost effectiveness of our approach. We observed that our implementation improved the perceived availability and, in most cases, the overall performance when compared with cloud providers individually. We also observed a general trend that cloud storage providers have constant throughput values - whereby the individual throughput performance differs strongly from one provider to another. With this, the experienced transmissions can be utilized to increase the throughput performance of the upcoming data transfers. The aim is to distribute the data across providers according to their capabilities utilizing the maximum of the available throughput capacity. To assess the feasibility of the approach we have to understand how providers handle high simultaneous data transfers. Thus, in this paper we focus on the performance and the scalability evaluation of particular cloud storage providers. To this end, we deployed our application using eight commercial cloud storage repositories in different countries and conducted a set of extensive experiments.
A Pivotal Role of the Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor bZIP53 in the Regulation of<i>Arabidopsis</i>Seed Maturation Gene Expression Based on Heterodimerization and Protein Complex Formation (2009)

Transcription of Arabidopsis thaliana seed maturation (MAT) genes is controlled by members of several transcription factor families, such as basic leucine zippers (bZIPs), B3s, MYBs, and DOFs. In this work, we identify Arabidopsis bZIP53 as a novel transcriptional regulator of MAT genes. bZIP53 expression in developing seeds precedes and overlaps that of its target genes. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches indicate a correlation between the amount of bZIP53 protein and MAT gene expression. Specific in vivo and in vitro binding of bZIP53 protein to a G-box element in the albumin 2S2 promoter is demonstrated. Importantly, heterodimerization with bZIP10 or bZIP25, previously described bZIP regulators of MAT gene expression, significantly enhances DNA binding activity and produces a synergistic increase in target gene activation. Full-level target gene activation is strongly correlated with the ratio of the correspondent bZIP heterodimerization partners. Whereas bZIP53 does not interact with ABI3, a crucial transcriptional regulator in Arabidopsis seeds, ternary complex formation between the bZIP heterodimers and ABI3 increases the expression of MAT genes in planta. We therefore propose that heterodimers containing bZIP53 participate in enhanceosome formation to produce a dramatic increase in MAT gene transcription.
Dynamic permeability and borehole Stoneley waves: A simplified Biot–Rosenbaum model (1991)

Stoneley waves in permeable boreholes are diagnostic of formation permeability because their propagation is affected by the dynamic fluid flow at the borehole wall. This flow using the concept of dynamic permeability is characterized. The applicability of the dynamic permeability to porous media was examined by applying it to a single fracture case and was found to agree excellently with the fracture conductivity derived from an exact solution. In dealing with the interaction of a Stoneley wave with a porous formation, the problem is decomposed into two parts. The first is the interaction of the Stoneley with an equivalent elastic formation without fluid flow. The second is the interaction with the flow that is governed by the dynamic permeability. In this manner, a simple model for the Stoneley propagation in permeable boreholes was obtained. The Stoneley-wave attenuation and dispersion characteristics from this model were compared with those from the complete model of the Biot–Rosenbaum theory in the case of a hard and a soft formation, respectively. The results from both models were found to agree very well for a hard formation, although they differ at higher frequencies for a soft formation because of the increased solid compressibility. The theoretical predictions from this simple model were also compared with recently published laboratory data of Stoneley-wave measurements, performed at both low- and high-frequency regions of Biot theory. The simple model and experiment are in excellent agreement. Because of the simplicity of the model, it can be easily applied to problems concerning Stoneley propagation in permeable boreholes, especially to an inverse problem to extract formation permeability from Stoneley-wave measurements.
Variations in modeled atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide and the consequences for CO<sub>2</sub> inversions (1996)

Carbon dioxide concentrations due to fossil fuel burning and CO 2 exchange with the terrestrial biosphere have been modeled with 12 different three‐dimensional atmospheric transport models. The models include both on‐line and off‐line types and use a variety of advection algorithms and subgrid scale parameterizations. A range of model resolutions is also represented. The modeled distributions show a large range of responses. For the experiment using the fossil fuel source, the annual mean meridional gradient at the surface varies by a factor of 2. This suggests a factor of 2 variation in the efficiency of surface interhemispheric exchange as much due to differences in model vertical transport as to horizontal differences. In the upper troposphere, zonal mean gradients within the northern hemisphere vary in sign. In the terrestrial biotic source experiment, the spatial distribution of the amplitude and the phase of the seasonal cycle of surface CO 2 concentration vary little between models. However, the magnitude of the amplitudes varies similarly to the fossil case. Differences between modeled and observed seasonal cycles in the northern extratropics suggest that the terrestrial biotic source is overestimated in late spring and underestimated in winter. The annual mean response to the seasonal source also shows large differences in magnitude. The uncertainty in hemispheric carbon budgets implied by the differences in interhemispheric exchange times is comparable to those quoted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for fossil fuel and ocean uptake and smaller than those for terrestrial fluxes. We outline approaches which may reduce this component in CO 2 budget uncertainties.
Automated identification of microstructures on histology slides (2005)

Grading of breast cancer and the subsequent treatment options are largely dependent on the pathological examination of the histology slides from the tumor tissue. Tumor grading is currently based on the spatial organization of the tissue, including the distribution of cancer cells, the morphological properties of their nuclei and the presence/absence of cancer-associated surface receptors these cells express. In this study, we have developed an automated image processing method to detect and identify clinically relevant microscopic structures on histology slides. The tissue components identified with our program are as follows: fat cells, stroma, and three morphologically distinct cell nuclei types used in grading cancer on the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides. The image processing is based on gray-scale segmentation, feature extraction, supervised learning, subsequent training and clustering. Our automated processing system has an accuracy of 89% /spl plusmn/ 0.8 in correctly identifying the three different nuclei types observed in H & E stained histology slides.