gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Striated Sphincter Muscle in Urethral Closure under Stress Conditions: An Experimental Study (1987)

The three-component mechanism for urethral closure under stress conditions is composed of urethral tension, passive pressure transmission and reflex pressure transmission. The reflex pressure transmission is regarded as a global result of the striated muscles of the urethra and the pelvic floor. In this experimental study, the question of what peak the reflex pressure reaches and which parts of the striated sphincter muscles produce the reflex pressure transmission is examined. The urodynamic and operative experiment was carried out on 12 female German shepherd mutts, whereby the passive and the reflex pressure transmissions were brought about by the Credé maneuver and by induced sneezing, respectively, in differentiated experimental phases. It was shown that the amount of reflex pressure transmission alone totals 89%, which is added onto the given urethral tension and passive pressure transmission. Furthermore, this animal experiment demonstrates that the reflex pressure transmission is created almost solely by the periurethral striated sphincter muscles, whereas the participation of the intraurethral striated sphincter muscles lies at a low 4%.
Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society (2007)

This article presents a set of grounded hypotheses on the interplay between communication and power relationships in the technological context that characterizes the network society. Based on a selected body of communication literature, and of a number of case studies and examples, it argues that the media have become the social space where power is decided. It shows the direct link between politics, media politics, the politics of scandal, and the crisis of political legitimacy in a global perspective. It also puts forward the notion that the development of interactive, horizontal networks of communication has induced the rise of a new form of communication, mass self-communication, over the Internet and wireless communication networks. Under these conditions, insurgent politics and social movements are able to intervene more decisively in the new communication space. However, corporate media and mainstream politics have also invested in this new communication space. As a result of these processes, mass media and horizontal communication networks are converging. The net outcome of this evolution is a historical shift of the public sphere from the institutional realm to the new
VITAL: fully automatic placement strategies for very large semicustom designs (2003)

VITAL is a program for generating fully automatic layouts of any design that combines standard cells and macrocells. Among the program's unique standard cell placement algorithms are simultaneous X/Y placement and channel-density improvement algorithms and an innovative algorithm for reducing chip width by using over-the-cell crossover. Iterative cell placement improvement strategies, such as cell row balancing and cell migration, which result in over 10% area reduction, make VITAL an extremely effective layout tool. The frequent interaction of the placement algorithms with the routing function results in denser chip layouts, as much as 25% smaller than those achieved with commercial tools. The steps of the standard cell-placement procedure are described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic 6-O-acyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine with special reference to the effect of its administration with liposomes. (1977)

Addition of a lauroyl, stearoyl or docosanoyl group to the primary hydroxy group at the C-6 position of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine gave lipophilic derivatives that had definite adjuvancies in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and enhancement of antibody production against a test protein antigen, ovalbumin, when administered to guinea pigs as liposomes, that is without mineral oil. When administered as mineral oil-in-water emulsion, including Ribitype emulsions, rather than as water-in-mineral oil emulsions, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and its 6-O-acyl derivatives showed only weak immunoadjuvancies.
Hyperthermophilic asparaginase mutants with enhanced substrate affinity and antineoplastic activity: structural insights on their mechanism of action (2011)

Thermophilic l-asparaginases display high stability and activity at elevated temperatures. However, they are of limited use in leukemia therapy because of their low substrate affinity and reduced activity under physiological conditions. In an attempt to combine stability with activity at physiological conditions, 3 active-site mutants of Pyrococcus furiosus l-asparaginase (PfA) were developed. The mutants, specifically K274E, showed improved enzymatic properties at physiological conditions as compared to the wild type. All variants were thermodynamically stable and resistant to proteolytic digestion. None of the enzymes displayed glutaminase activity, a highly desirable therapeutic property. All variants showed higher and significant killing of human cell lines HL60, MCF7, and K562 as compared to the Escherichia coli l-asparaginase. Our study revealed that increased substrate accessibility through the active site loop plays a major role in determining activity. A new mechanistic insight has been proposed based on molecular dynamics simulated structures, where dynamic flipping of a critical Tyr residue is responsible for the activity of thermophilic l-asparaginases. Our study not only resulted in development of PfA mutants with combination of desirable properties but also gave a mechanistic insight about their activity.
Numerical Techniques Used for Predicting Subsidence Due to Gas Extraction in the North Adriatic Sea (2008)

Abstract This article describes the assessment and application of numerical techniques required for predicting gas production induced subsidence in the North Adriatic. Due to the complexity of the reservoir description and compaction mechanisms, the subsidence modeling required the combined use of reservoir and geomechanical simulators. Extensive validation of the modeling techniques was undertaken, including the level of coupling between the fluid flow and geomechanical solution. It was shown that a fully coupled solution impacted only the aquifer area, and accurate results could be obtained by an explicitly coupled technique. Other issues of importance discussed include quality control of the mesh generation, mesh compatibility, and correct interpolation of variables between the two modules. Finally, we discuss the impact that small overconsolidation (threshold) effects may have on the extent of the subsidence bowl.
Kinetic Characterization of the Chemotactic Protein from Escherichia coli, CheY. Kinetic Analysis of the Inverse Hydrophobic Effect (1994)

CheY, the 129 amino acid chemotactic protein from Escherichia coli, is a good model for studying the folding process of the parallel alpha/beta family of proteins. A study of the folding kinetics of CheY using fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) stopped-flow measurements is reported. CheY has three prolines, two of them in the trans conformation and one, Pro110, with a cis Lys-Pro peptide bond. This protein presents a unimolecular, but complex, kinetic mechanism that is dominated by a slow phase compatible with a trans-cis isomerization. Mutation of Pro110 to Gly results in the disappearance of this slow phase, indicating that this cis prolyl bond is responsible for it. The slow phase is catalyzed in a very inefficient way by prolyl isomerase, indicating that the cis bond is poorly accessible to the enzyme during refolding. In agreement with this is the fact that the isomerization of the Lys109-Pro110 bond occurs in an intermediate which contains 96% of the native far-UV CD signal and 80% of the native fluorescence signal. Analysis of the unfolded protein with all its prolines in the native conformation shows the existence of a very stable intermediate in the folding reaction. Mutation of a hyperexposed hydrophobic residue, Phe14, to Asn results in an increase in the free energy of unfolding of the protein of approximately 3 kcal mol-1. Kinetic analysis of the unfolding and refolding reactions of this mutant indicates that the major stabilization effect comes from the relative destabilization of the unfolded state and the kinetic intermediate with respect to the transition state, providing kinetic evidence for the inverse hydrophobic effect. This could also indicate the existence of nonnative interactions in folding intermediates.
Guidelines for lumbar spine radiography in acute low back pain: effect of implementation in an accident and emergency department. (1994)

Guidelines for lumbar spine radiography were agreed by consultation between staff in the radiology, accident and emergency and neurosurgical departments of a large teaching hospital. Study of 322 consecutive patients over an eight month period showed that the proportion of patients referred for radiography was reduced from 48.4% to 27.2% following introduction of the guidelines (p = 0.0002). Successful use of such guidelines requires cooperation between clinical and radiological staff and frequent review of performance.
Network growth by copying (2005)

We introduce a growing network model in which a new node attaches to a randomly selected node, as well as to all ancestors of the target node. This mechanism produces a sparse, ultrasmall network where the average node degree grows logarithmically with network size while the network diameter equals 2. We determine basic geometrical network properties, such as the size dependence of the number of links and the in- and out-degree distributions. We also compare our predictions with real networks where the node degree also grows slowly with time--the Internet and the citation network of all Physical Review papers.
A New ElGamal-Based Algebraic Homomorphism and Its Application (2008)

Sander and Tschudin proposed mobile code protection scheme - evaluation of encrypted functions implemented by homomorphisms based on exponentiation and Goldwasser Micali, but no homomorphisms enable to hide the skeleton and equal coefficient information of a polynomial. To solve the problems, an idea of approximate decryption and a new revised ElGamal are proposed in this paper. Three new public-key homomorphisms based on the new ElGamal (HNE) are defined. Security analyses show that HNE can resist known-plaintext attacks and chosen-ciphertext attacks. The problems of leaks about polynomial skeleton and equal coefficient are solved when HNE are used to encrypt polynomials. Then non-interactive evaluation of encrypted polynomials can be securely performed on a remote malicious host.
Identification of the 72-kDa (MMP-2) and 92-kDa (MMP-9) gelatinase/type IV collagenase in preparations of laminin and Matrigel. (1993)

EDTA inhibitable type IV collagenolytic activity copurified with laminin preparations from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor. Several gelatinolytic and type IV collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) species were visualized in EHS laminin from three different sources by gelatin and type IV collagen substrate gel electrophoresis. Incubation with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and trypsin suggested that laminin contained both active and latent MMPs. EHS-derived reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel, was found to possess an MMP profile identical to that of laminin. The presence of 72-kDa (MMP-2) and 92-kDa (MMP-9) gelatinases/type IV collagenases was demonstrated in laminin and Matrigel preparations by Western blot analysis. A rough quantitation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 30 micrograms of laminin and 100 micrograms of Matrigel was between 0.3 and 0.6 ng. The presence of these contaminants must be considered in experiments addressing the effects of EHS laminin or Matrigel on cell behavior and, in particular, stimulation of cellular proteolytic activity.
BDD-based spectral approach for Reed–Muller circuit realisation (1996)

In the past, the use of spectral coefficients for the realisation of Reed–Muller circuits led to computational difficulties for functions of even moderate size, due to large memory requirements. A new approach is presented that overcomes these difficulties by allowing the function to be represented using a binary decision diagram, thus reducing the storage requirements. In addition, the computational requirements are also reduced since an efficient method for computing the spectral coefficients is employed. Furthermore, the approach is illustrated with examples.
Exposure to Infant Siblings During Early Life and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis (2005)

The "hygiene hypothesis" has implicated sibship as a marker of infection load during early life and suggests that exposure or reexposure to infections can influence the developing immune system. Viral infection has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Sailing Yacht Design: An Appreciation of a Fine Art (1965)

In the years since the presentation to the Society of a predecessor paper Sailing Yacht Design - An Appreciation of a Fine Art, yacht design has been propelled into the world of science and high technology as well as that of the art of traditional design, largely as a result of two distinct influences; an interest in improved handicapping made possible through the development of the velocity prediction program (VPP) and the expenditure of massive resources to succeed at the highest levels of competition such as the Americas Cup, international offshore races and Olympic yachting.
Safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting type I interferon receptor, in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicenter, phase 2, open-label study (2019)

<b>Objectives:</b> This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the type I interferon (IFN) receptor, in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<b>Methods:</b> In this open-label, phase 2, dose-escalation study, patients received intravenous (IV) anifrolumab 100, 300, or 1000 mg every 4 weeks from days 29 to 337 (Stage 1). Patients who completed Stage 1 continued anifrolumab 300 mg every 4 weeks for 156 weeks (Stage 2). The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of anifrolumab for 48 weeks (Stage 1) and 156 weeks (Stage 2). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anifrolumab were also assessed.<b>Results:</b> Of 20 patients enrolled in Stage 1, 17 received IV anifrolumab 100 mg (<i>n</i> = 6), 300 mg (<i>n</i> = 5), or 1000 mg (<i>n</i> = 6). Adverse events (AE) and serious AE (SAE) incidences were similar between dose cohorts. SAEs occurred in 41% (Stage 1) and 33% (Stage 2) of patients; AEs leading to discontinuation occurred in 24% (Stage 1) and 22% (Stage 2) of patients. Anifrolumab had non-linear pharmacokinetics after the first and last dose and dose-dependently suppressed the IFN gene signature.<b>Conclusion:</b> Anifrolumab was well tolerated among Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe SLE.
The Effect of Inter‐Implant Distance on the Height of Inter‐Implant Bone Crest (2000)

This study demonstrates that there is a lateral component to the bone loss around implants in addition to the more commonly discussed vertical component. The clinical significance of this phenomenon is that the increased crestal bone loss would result in an increase in the distance between the base of the contact point of the adjacent crowns and the crest of bone. This could determine whether the papilla was present or absent between 2 implants as has previously been reported between 2 teeth. Selective utilization of implants with a smaller diameter at the implant-abutment interface may be beneficial when multiple implants are to be placed in the esthetic zone so that a minimum of 3 mm of bone can be retained between them at the implant-abutment level.
Studies with 1‐functionally substituted alkyl azoles: Novel synthesis of functionally substituted azolylbenzimidazoles and functionally substituted azolyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles (2002)

Abstract ω‐Azolylacetophenones 1 and 2 react with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to yield enaminones 7,8 that were converted into azolylazoles via reaction with hydrazine and with hydroxylamine. Compounds 1,2 also coupled with aromatic diazonium salts to yield arylhydrazones and reacted with nitrous acid to yield corresponding oximes.
Some Inhibitors of Deamination of 9-β-d-Arabinofuranosyladenine and 9-β-d-Xylofuranosyladenine by Blood and Neoplasms of Experimental Animals and Humans (1968)

Earlier studies concerning the relationship between adenosine deaminase and the response of ascites tumors in mice to analogs of adenosine were extended to subcutaneous mouse tumors. A tumor with relatively high adenosine deaminase activity, Sarcoma 180, was relatively unresponsive to 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A) and 9-β-d-xylofuranosyladenine (Xyl-A). Tumors with lower deaminase content, Carcinoma 1025 and Ridgeway osteogenic sarcoma, were more responsive. Loss of Xyl-A and Ara-A due to deamination in mouse blood was studied under the influence of inhibitors. Several nucleosides were good inhibitors in vitro but had no useful effects in vivo . Agents preventing entry of the deaminase substrates into blood cells were effective in vivo . The most prolonged effects were obtained with 4-ethanolisopropanolamino-2-7-di(2′-methylmorpholino)-6-phenylpteridine.

Levels of adenosine deaminase in the blood of mice, rats, monkeys, and humans were determined. A survey was also made of adenosine deaminase levels in 41 human tumor samples.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Profile of Bm-DnaJ 5 Gene in the Silkworm,Bombyx mori (2009)

DnaJ protein is a regulatory protein.A Bombyx mori EST was identified which encodes the DnaJ protein from silkworm pupa cDNA database and a cDNA sequence named Bm-DnaJ5 was cloned from the Bombyx mori.The deduced protein contains 351 amino acids,its molecular weight is 38.93 kD and theoretical pI is 9.25.The profile of spatio-temporal expression of Bm-DnaJ 5 identified by real-time PCR indicated that it had a broad distribution in various tissues from the 5th instar larvae and pupae.Quantitative analysis showed that expression of Bm-DnaJ 5 in the 5th instar larvae was the highest in testis(1.16×108copy numbers/μg),was relatively higher in brain,midgut,fore silk gland and wing discs,and was the lowest in tracheal cluster(1.84×104 copy numbers/μg).The results also showed that Bm-DnaJ 5 was expressed in six tissues of the middle pupal stage of Bombyx mori,with relatively higher levels(8.79×107copy numbers/μg and 1.78×107copy numbers/μg) in eyes and testis and lowest level in ovary(1.94×105copy numbers/μg).
Automotive Component Vibration: A Practical Approach to Accelerated Vibration Durability Testing (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive components must be designed to withstand vibration for many years of service. This paper reviews a method of developing short duration laboratory tests which can simulate many years or many miles of vehicle service. The general automotive vibration environment and proper data analysis techniques are discussed. Recommendations for developing a test specification from field data and for accelerating a laboratory vibration test are reviewed. General vibration test specifications for both chassis and engine mounted components are presented.</div>
Preparation of Stable Nitroxides Integrated into [70]Fullerene (1998)

Oxidization of two isomeric [70]fulleropyrrolidine monoadduct, obtained from the reaction of C70 with 2-aminoisobutyric acid and 2-undecanone, by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) for 60 h in benzene at 40 °C under N2 to give two stable isomeric nitroxides integrated into C70.
VCA: An Experiment with a Multiparty Virtual Chat Agent (2010)

The purpose of this research was to advance the understanding of the behavior of small groups in online chat rooms. The research was conducted using Internet chat data collected through planned exercises with recruited participants. Analysis of the collected data led to construction of preliminary models of social behavior in online discourse. Some of these models, e.g., how to effectively change the topic of conversation, were subsequently implemented into an automated Virtual Chat Agent (VCA) prototype. VCA has been demonstrated to perform effectively and convincingly in Internet conversation in multiparty chat environments. 1
The Work of the IUCN's Committee on the Ecological Effects of Chemical Controls (1966)

John L. George, The Work of the IUCN's Committee on the Ecological Effects of Chemical Controls, Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 3, Supplement: Pesticides in the Environment and Their Effects on Wildlife. (Jun., 1966), pp. 287-290
Integrated Stress Response Modulates Cellular Redox State via Induction of Cystathionine γ-Lyase (2012)

The integrated stress response mediated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation maintains cellular homeostasis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. eIF2α phosphorylation induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes responsible for amino acid metabolism, cellular redox state, and anti-stress responses. Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase are critical enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway, which also regulate cellular redox status by modulating glutathione (GSH) levels. To determine the link between the integrated stress response and the transsulfuration pathway, we used homocysteine (Hcy) as an inducer of eIF2α phosphorylation and ATF4 gene induction. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking ATF4 (ATF4(-/-)) had reduced GSH levels and increased reactive oxygen species and were susceptible to apoptotic cell death under normal culture conditions. Further, ATF4(-/-) MEFs were more sensitive to Hcy-induced cytotoxicity and showed significantly reduced intracellular GSH levels associated with apoptosis. ATF4(-/-) MEFs could be rescued from l-Hcy-induced apoptosis by β-mercaptoethanol medium supplementation that increases cysteine levels and restores GSH synthesis. ATF4(-/-) MEFs showed little or no CSE protein but did express cystathionine β-synthase. Further, ER stress-inducing agents, including tunicamycin and thapsigargin, induced the expression of CSE in ATF4(+/+) MEFs. Consistent with ATF4(-/-) MEFs, CSE(-/-) MEFs showed significantly greater apoptosis when treated with tunicamycin, thapsigargin, and l-Hcy, compared with CSE(+/+) MEFs. Liver and kidney GSH levels were also reduced in CSE(-/-) mice, suggesting that CSE is a critical factor in GSH synthesis and may act to protect the liver and kidney from a variety of conditions that cause ER stress.
A versatile, modular synthesis of monofunctionalized BODIPY dyes (2009)

A careful choice of the pyrrole building blocks allows the synthesis of a wide range of monohalogenated BODIPY dyes with excellent reactivity in palladium catalyzed coupling reactions.