gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human visual-system-based image enhancement (2007)

This paper presents a method of image enhancement using an adaptive thresholding method based on the human visual system. We utilize a number of different enhancement algorithms applied selectively to the different regions of an image to achieve a better overall enhancement than applying a single technique globally. The presented method is useful for images that contain various regions of improper illumination. It is also practical for correcting shadows. This thresholding system allows various enhancement algorithms to be used on different sections of the image based on the local visual characteristics. It further allows the parameters to be tuned differently for the specific regions, giving a more visually pleasing output image. We demonstrate the algorithm and present results for several high quality images as well as lower quality images such as those captured using a cell phone camera. We then compare and contrast our method to other state-of-the-art enhancement algorithms.
Calcium response of single adrenal glomerulosa cells to external potassium (1988)

The cytosolic calcium (Cai2+) response to external potassium (K+) was examined in single rat zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells by monitoring fura-2-fluorescence with microspectrofluorometry and digital imaging microscopy. The majority (68%) of morphologically identified ZG cells demonstrated an increase in Cai2+ during K+ stimulation. Cai2+ rose monotonically from a mean basal level of 232 +/- 15 to 285 +/- 37 nM at 5 mM and 680 +/- 60 nM at 10 mM K+ for responsive ZG cells. The Cai2+ response was largely (greater than 90%) inhibited by nominal zero calcium or 1 mM cadmium and substantially modified in the presence of 10(-5) M nifedipine. The response kinetics were characterized by a rising phase that depended on the size of the Cai2+ change, with larger increases associated with a faster onset. Cai2+ approached a plateau level that was sustained for the duration of K+ stimulation from 1 to 5 min. Cai2+ appeared to be more uniformly distributed across the cell under resting conditions than during stimulation. Assessment of the Cai2+ response in single ZG cells documents 1) a majority, but not all, of ZG cells respond to K+, 2) simple kinetics consisting of a rapid onset and sustained plateau Cai2+ level, 3) a dose-dependent Cai2+ increase in the physiological range of K+, and 4) inhibition by calcium channel blockers and sensitivity to small increases in K+ consistent with activation of low-threshold calcium channels.
Graph Theory Techniques in Model-Based Testing (1999)

Models are a method of representing software behavior. Graph theory is an area of mathematics that can help us use this model information to test applications in many different ways. This paper describes several graph theory techniques, where they came from, and how they can be used to improve software testing.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and acute myocardial infarction. (1994)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may be performed at various time intervals after acute myocardial infarction (MI), and may be combined with thrombolytic therapy. This article reviews the data on the role of PTCA in acute MI, and summarises current opinion.
Lender Reactions to Information Restrictions: The Case of Banks and the ECOA: Note (1986)

W. J. Boyes, Dennis Hoffman, Stuart Low, Lender Reactions to Information Restrictions: The Case of Banks and the ECOA: Note, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Vol. 18, No. 2 (May, 1986), pp. 211-219
Development of a model for activated sludge aeration systems: linking air supply, distribution, and demand (2016)

During the design of a water resource recovery facility, it is becoming industry practice to use simulation software to assist with process design. Aeration is one of the key components of the activated sludge process, and is one of the most important aspects of modelling wastewater treatment systems. However, aeration systems are typically not modelled in detail in most wastewater treatment process modelling studies. A comprehensive dynamic aeration system model has been developed that captures both air supply and demand. The model includes sub-models for blowers, pipes, fittings, and valves. An extended diffuser model predicts both oxygen transfer efficiency within an aeration basin and pressure drop across the diffusers. The aeration system model allows engineers to analyse aeration systems as a whole to determine biological air requirements, blower performance, air distribution, control valve impacts, controller design and tuning, and energy costs. This enables engineers to trouble-shoot the entire aeration system including process, equipment and controls. It also allows much more realistic design of these highly complex systems.
Qualitative analysis of coomassie‐blue‐stained proteins from normal prostate, benign prostatic hypertrophy, or adenocarcinoma of the prostate, separated by two‐dimensional protein electrophoresis (1985)

Samples from nine normal prostates (N), ten benign hypertrophic prostates (BPH), and eight adenocarcinomas of the prostate (ACP), obtained from the National Prostatic Cancer Project were analyzed by two-dimensional (2D)-protein electrophoresis. Qualitative analysis of Coomassie-blue-stained acidic proteins between pI 3.5 and 6.8 yielded these results: The total number of enumerated proteins was 136 (N), 107 (BPH), and 147 (ACP). Ninety-two denoted proteins were deemed common to the three kinds of samples, three were considered present in N and BPH, 7 in BPH and ACP, and 28 in N and ACP. Thirteen, five, and 20 proteins were detected only in N, BPH, or ACP. These proteins cannot be considered "unique" to their respective samples, since amounts of protein that do not exceed the minimum sensitivity of the dye may be present in the other samples. The similarity in the patterns of proteins from these three types of prostate samples is consistent with the following hypothesis: The distribution of proteins from histologically ambiguous prostate samples will correlate more closely with these protein profiles than with those associated with cancers originating from other organs.
Identifying synonymy between SNOMED clinical terms of varying length using distributional analysis of electronic health records. (2013)

Medical terminologies and ontologies are important tools for natural language processing of health record narratives. To account for the variability of language use, synonyms need to be stored in a semantic resource as textual instantiations of a concept. Developing such resources manually is, however, prohibitively expensive and likely to result in low coverage. To facilitate and expedite the process of lexical resource development, distributional analysis of large corpora provides a powerful data-driven means of (semi-)automatically identifying semantic relations, including synonymy, between terms. In this paper, we demonstrate how distributional analysis of a large corpus of electronic health records - the MIMIC-II database - can be employed to extract synonyms of SNOMED CT preferred terms. A distinctive feature of our method is its ability to identify synonymous relations between terms of varying length.
Prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. (2007)

Postpartum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of births and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are dearly documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Uterine atony is responsible for most cases and can be managed with uterine massage in conjunction with oxytocin, prostaglandins, and ergot alkaloids. Retained placenta is a less common cause and requires examination of the placenta, exploration of the uterine cavity, and manual removal of retained tissue. Rarely, an invasive placenta causes postpartum hemorrhage and may require surgical management. Traumatic causes include lacerations, uterine rupture, and uterine inversion. Coagulopathies require dotting factor replacement for the identified deficiency. Early recognition, systematic evaluation and treatment, and prompt fluid resuscitation minimize the potentially serious outcomes associated with postpartum hemorrhage.
Multishot rosette trajectories for spectrally selective MR imaging (1997)

In nuclear magnetic resonance, different spectral components often correspond to different chemical species and as such, spectral selectivity can be a valuable tool for diagnostic imaging. In the work presented here, a multishot image acquisition method based upon rosette K-space trajectories has been developed and implemented for spectrally selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parametric forms for the gradient waveforms and design constraints are derived, and an example multishot gradient design is presented. The spectral behavior for this imaging method is analyzed in a simulation model. For frequencies that are near to the resonant frequency, this method results in a lower intensity, but undistorted image, while for frequencies that are off-resonance by a large amount, the object is incoherently dephased into noise. A method by which acquisitions are delayed by small amounts is introduced to further reduce the residual intensity for off-resonant signals. An image reconstruction method based on convolution gridding, including a correction method for small amounts of magnetic field inhomogeneity, is implemented. Finally, the spectral selectivity is demonstrated in vivo in a study in which both water and lipid images are generated from a single imaging data set.
SILICON CARBIDE CRYSTALS GROWN IN NITROGEN ATMOSPHERE (1965)

Silicon carbide crystals grown in atmosphere containing nitrogen were studied by X-ray and electrical measurements. As the first result, it was shown that with the increase of nitrogen in argon atmosphere, the quantity of the 3C polytype in the grown crystals increases and finally, in pure nitrogen atmosphere, 3C becomes dominant with a trace of 6H. Next, the difference Fourier synthesis, together with the measurements of the lattice constants and the electrical properties, offered a probable explanation of this dominancy of 3C that nitrogen atoms incorporated interstitially in the structure play a rôle of preventing the 3C structure from transforming into α-silicon carbide structures.
Population Biology And Epidemiology Of Pseudomonas Syringae (1990)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Deconvolution Algorithm with LTI Wiener Filter in Photoacousic Tomography (2009)

In order to improve the imaging contrast in photoacoustic tomography, the frequency spectrum of photoacoustic signal should be restored by deconvolving the transducer impulse response out of the photoacoustic signal of the tissue phantom. But it is difficult to generate photoacoustic impulse of a temporal delta function in experiment. To solve the problem, a method that the photoacoustic impulse was produced by a point optical absorber was proposed. The relationship between the transducer frequency response to a temporal delta function and a point optical absorber was studied. A LTI Wiener filter was used during deconvolution in order to suppress noise adaptively. The photoacoustic image was finally reconstructed by time-domain spherical back projection algorithm. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated both by numerical simulation and experiment.
Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm Infections (2010)

Biofilms have been found to be involved in a wide variety of microbial infections in the body, by one estimate 80% of all infections. Infectious processes in which biofilms have been implicated include common problems such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, sinusitis, formation of dental plaque, gingivitis, coating contact lenses, endocarditis, infections in cystic fibrosis, and infections of permanent indwelling devices such as joint prostheses and heart valves. Bacteria living in a biofilm usually have significantly different properties from free-floating bacteria of the same species, as the dense and protected environment of the film allows them to cooperate and interact in various ways. One benefit of this environment is increased resistance to detergents and antibiotics, as the dense extracellular matrix and the outer layer of cells protect the interior of the community. In some cases antibiotic resistance can be increased 1000-fold. Also, the biofilm bacteria excrete toxins that reversibly block important processes such as translation and protecting the cell from bactericidal antibiotics that are ineffective against inactive targets. In the head and neck area, biofilms are a major etiologic factor in periodontitis, wound infections, oral candidiasis, and sinus and ear infections. For the past several decades, photodynamic treatment has been reported in the literature to be effective in eradicating various microorganisms using different photosensitizers, different wavelengths of light, and different light sources. PDT has been further studied to demonstrate its effectiveness for the eradication of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This chapter will focus on the use of PDT in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant biofilms, antibiotic-resistant wound infections, and azole-resistant oral candidiasis using methylene blue-based photodynamic therapy.
Legged Motion Planning in Complex Three-Dimensional Environments (2017)

While legged robots are well suited to navigating complex three-dimensional (3-D) environments, their practical applicability is still hampered by the time taken to plan manoeuvres to traverse these challenging environments. We present contact dynamic roadmaps (CDRM), which extend dynamic roadmaps with contact information. The CDRM is precomputed offline to generate a discretized mapping from each leg's workspace to its configuration space, and then adapted online to the environment to rapidly identify collision-free foothold positions. The concept behind this is to perform the expensive foothold candidate generation and collision checking phases offline and store the data for use in the online planner. The CDRM is coupled with a rapidly-exploring random tree planner to generate acyclic full-body motion plans in complex 3-D environments. The performance of the approach is validated and compared in simulation in a wide variety of scenarios that require full-body planning to successfully navigate.
High temperature oxidation of (Ti1-XAlX)N coatings made by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1999)

(Ti 1-X Al X ) N coatings were deposited by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method using a gas mixture of TiCl4, AlCl3, NH3, H2 and Ar, and the oxidation behavior at high temperatures as well as the oxidized structure of the coatings were examined. The oxidation rate of the coatings at temperatures below 1000 °C was found to fit well to a parabolic time dependence. It has also been found that up to 900 °C (Ti1-XAlX)N coatings at X⩾0.25 showed considerably improved oxidation resistance compared to TiN, due to the formation of a dense α-Al2O3 layer at the surface of the coatings. At X&lt;0.25, however, this dense protective layer could not form, and the coatings were fully oxidized after a short period of time. When the temperature reached 900 °C, Fe in the substrate diffused out through the coating by pipe diffusion as well as through the cracks that were produced by thermal stresses, and oxidized rapidly at the surface of the coating.
Gestaltung destillativer Trennungen unter Einbeziehung thermodynamischer Gesichtspunkte (1989)

Abstract Design of distillative separation with due consideration of thermodynamic aspects. This article presents a method for development of advantageous distillative separation equipment by starting from the ideal case of a thermodynamically loss free separation and applying simplifications. Process engineering boundary conditions can serve for clear divisions into individual areas. Possibilities of process integration by a direct thermal and mass linkage are indicated, and promising thermal networking measures are mentioned. The procedure is illustrated by examples.
Silicon mode (de)multiplexer enabling high capacity photonic networks-on-chip with a single-wavelength-carrier light (2013)

A small silicon mode (de)multiplexer with cascaded asymmetrical directional couplers is demonstrated experimentally. As an example, a four channel mode (de)multiplexer is designed and realized for TM polarization. The fabricated mode (de)multiplexer has a low excess loss (<1 dB) as well as low crosstalk (≤23 dB) over a broad wavelength range (~20 nm). More channels can be achieved with two sets of orthogonal-polarization modes (e.g., 2N=8) multiplexed when desired.
Radical scavenging hydroxyphenyl ethanoic acid derivatives from a marine-derived fungus (2006)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an organic extract of the culture broth from an unidentified marine-derived fungus led to the isolation of a new metabolite, N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl]formamide (1), along with four known polyketides, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetamide (2), 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (3), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4), and N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]formamide (5). The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by spectral data analyses. Among them, compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibited significant radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC 50 values of 8.4, 11.9, and 0.2 μM, respectively.
Application research of data mining in medical treatment (2009)

Currently, with the rapid development of informational construction of hospital and medical treatment in our country, while mostly hospitals haven't built more perfect and effective information database in medical treatment. The paper demonstrates the significance and effect of data mining in large number of information, meanwhile bettering medical treatment solution database, discussing the problems in data mining of medical treatment. Applying data mining technology in medical treatment can standardize and better the construction of hospital service. In this way, it also improves the effect and efficiency.
Division of labor (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDivision of laborMax Small Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1931, 8, 3, 527Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1931Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1931Published inissue 1 March 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ed008p527RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Consistent and compact data management in distributed storage systems (2004)

In this paper we consider the problem of maintaining a consistent mapping of a virtual object space to a set of memory modules, i.e. the object space can be decomposed into a set of ranges where every module is responsible for exactly one range. A module owning some range R is responsible for storing all objects in R. Besides consistency, we require the mapping to be compact, i.e. any object or consecutive range of objects should be spread out over as few memory modules as possible. A compact mapping is important for many applications such as efficiently executing programs using a large amount of space or complex search queries such as semi-group range queries. Our main result assumes a static set of memory modules of uniform capacity, but we also show how to extend this to a dynamic set of memory modules of non-uniform capacity in a decentralized environment.In both settings, new objects may be added, old objects may be deleted, or objects may be modified over time. Each object consists of a set of data blocks of uniform size. So insert, delete, or modify operations on objects can be seen as insert or delete operations of data blocks. Each module can send or receive at most one data block in each unit of time and the injection of insert or delete requests for data blocks is under adversarial control. We prove asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds on the maximum rate at which the adversary can inject requests into the system so that a consistent and compact placement can be preserved without exceeding the capacity of a module at any time. Specifically, we show that in a (1-ε)-utilized system (i.e. the available space is used up to an ε fraction) the maximum injection rate that can be sustained is Θ(ε).
Nanoscale Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for Early Cancer Detection (2005)

The variety of research areas involving applications of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices has recently been extended to include the field of biosensing technology. The velocity of the surface acoustic waves, and thus the operating frequency, is dependent upon the mass density of a biolayer on the surface of the device. This biolayer contains antibodies directed against cancer cell proteins; if the target proteins are present in the environment, they will bind to the antibody layer. This causes a change in the mass of the biolayer, which in turn results in a change in the operating frequency of the device. This change can then be detected by interrogating the device with a radio frequency (RF) signal, which is reflected back via an input/output interdigital transducer (IDT) so that the signal can then be analyzed for perturbations caused by binding effects within the biolayer. Presently, the SAW device understructure has been fabricated using electron beam lithography and tested for response to electrical probing. Ultimate goals include addition and testing of the biolayer and antenna for RF interrogation.
Reoxygenation injury in a cultured corneal epithelial cell line protected by the uptake of lactoferrin. (1998)

Reoxygenation is responsible for increased cellular damage after extensive hypoxia, which is attenuated by chelators of free iron in the cytosol, including the major tear protein lactoferrin.
Advancement of Natural Products: Optimization of Instrumentation and Examples of their Application to the Isolation of New Compounds (2019)

The world of natural products has a long rich history dating back thousands of years and was the origin of medicine as we know it. Advancements in the field of natural products can be seen not only in the isolation of new molecules, but also in the advancement of new tools that are used to elucidate the structure of new compounds, identify lead compounds, as well as monitor the pharmokinetics of bioactive substances. The third chapter in this dissertation introduces a new tool that could be used in the later steps of drug development by being able to rapidly quantify a fluorinated compound in complex mixtures, the fourth chapter includes a comparison of an advanced spheroid bioassay with the traditional 2D assay that can be used to identify appropriate lead compounds, and the fifth chapter reveals techniques for applying natural products to a less discussed target: agricultural fungicides.