gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripherally inserted central catheters in critically ill patients – complications and its prevention: A review (2018)

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is extensively used in critical care settings, because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry. However, PICC is associated with several complications, which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients' improvement, reduce health care cost, and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications. Therefore, this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures, potential complications, and measures for prevention. Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique, early detection of complications, and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention. Implementation of education, training, and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications. Thus, the strict care of indwelling PICC lines, the targeted and reasonable PICC-associated complication prevention, and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.
ClickMiner (2014)

Recent advances in network traffic capturing techniques have made it feasible to record full traffic traces, often for extended periods of time. Among the applications enabled by full traffic captures, being able to automatically reconstruct user-browser interactions from archived web traffic traces would be helpful in a number of scenarios, such as aiding the forensic analysis of network security incidents. Unfortunately, the modern web is becoming increasingly complex, serving highly dynamic pages that make heavy use of scripting languages, a variety of browser plugins, and asynchronous content requests. Consequently, the semantic gap between user-browser interactions and the network traces has grown significantly, making it challenging to analyze the web traffic produced by even a single user.
Bridging Small-Gap Peripheral Nerve Defects Using Biodegradable Chitin Conduits with Cultured Schwann and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Rats (2005)

Nerve regeneration requires not only an autologous, allogenous, or biodegradable scaffolding, but additional interactions with regeneration-promoting Schwann cells. Considering the pluripotency of bone marrow stromal cells into different lineages, the authors compared biodegradable conduits with the application of cultured Schwann cells and bone marrow stromal cells in a rat sciatic injury model. Simple conduit bridging served as controls. Electrophysiologic evaluation and histologic morphometrical analysis were performed after 6 weeks; both groups with cultured cells showed a statistically significantly higher number of axons, more well-shaped remyelinated axons, and an advance in clinical functional recovery (SFI) than the simple conduit-bridging group. Confocal microscopy found that bone marrow stromal cells adopted the Schwann-cell phenotype, expressing S100 protein. Considering the ease of aspiration and greater resource of bone marrow stromal cells, the implantation of a biodegradable conduit with cultured bone marrow stromal cells was capable of presenting an alternative to conduits with Schwann cells for bridging nerve defects.
Molecular Insights into Human Serum Albumin as a Receptor of Amyloid-β in the Extracellular Region (2017)

Regulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation by metal ions and proteins is essential for understanding the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human serum albumin (HSA), a regulator of metal and protein transportation, can modulate metal-Aβ interactions and Aβ aggregation in human fluid; however, the molecular mechanisms for such activities remain unclear. Herein, we report the molecular-level complexation between Zn(II), Cu(II), Aβ, and HSA, which is able to alter the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ peptides and induce their cellular transportation. In addition, a single Aβ monomer-bound HSA is observed with the structural change of Aβ from a random coil to an α-helix. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies indicate that Aβ-HSA complexation causes no structural variation of HSA in solution. Conversely, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) results present that Aβ prevents the shrinkage of the V-shaped groove of HSA in the gas phase. Consequently, for the first time, HSA is demonstrated to predominantly capture a single Aβ monomer at the groove using the phase transfer of a protein heterodimer from solution to the gas phase. Moreover, HSA sequesters Zn(II) and Cu(II) from Aβ while maintaining Aβ-HSA interaction. Therefore, HSA is capable of controlling metal-free and metal-bound Aβ aggregation and aiding the cellular transportation of Aβ via Aβ-HSA complexation. The overall results and observations regarding HSA, Aβ, and metal ions advance our knowledge of how protein-protein interactions associated with Aβ and metal ions could be linked to AD pathogenesis.
Analysis of Flagellin Perception Mediated by flg22 Receptor OsFLS2 in Rice (2008)

Plants have sensitive perception systems that recognize various pathogen-derived molecules. We previously reported that rice detects flagellin from a rice-incompatible strain of gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium, Acidovorax avenae, which induces subsequent immune responses involving cell death. The mechanism of flagellin perception in rice, however, has remained obscure. In this study, we found that flg22, a peptide derived from the flagellin N-terminus, induced weak immune responses without cell death in cultured rice cells. To elucidate the mechanism by which flg22 induced signaling in rice, we characterized OsFLS2, the rice ortholog of AtFLS2, which mediates flg22 perception. Heterologous expression of OsFLS2 functions in Arabidopsis, showing the conservation of the flg22 signaling pathway across divergent plant taxa. OsFLS2-overexpressing rice cultured cells generated stronger immune responses with the induction of cell death following stimulation with flg22 and flagellin. However, examination of the growth rate of the compatible strain in inoculated OsFLS2-overexpressing rice could not confirm bacterial growth suppression compared with wild-type rice. These results suggest that rice possesses a conserved flagellin perception system utilizing the FLS2 receptor which, when upregulated, hardly affects resistance against compatible A. avenae.
Depth augmented stereo panorama for cinematic virtual reality with focus cues (2016)

Cinematic virtual reality (VR) aims to provide immersive visual experiences of real-world scenes on head-mounted displays. Current cinematic VR systems support stereo cues, but not focus cues that are important for depth perception and comfortable viewing. We propose a new content representation, depth augmented stereo panorama (DASP), which permits generating light fields (LFs) across the observer's pupils, achieving an order of magnitude reduction in data requirements compared to the existing techniques. The LF generation and refocusing capabilities of DASP are evaluated for both, computer-generated and real scenes. Results indicate that DASP can successfully create stereo as well as support focus cues.
A $-Family Friendly Approach to Prototype Selection (2016)

We explore the benefits of intelligent prototype selection for $-family recognizers. Currently, the state of the art is to randomly select a subset of prototypes from a dataset without any processing. This results in reduced computation time for the recognizer, but also increases error rates. We propose applying optimization algorithms, specifically random mutation hill climb and a genetic algorithm, to search for reduced sets of prototypes that minimize recognition error. After an evaluation, we found that error rates could be reduced compared to random selection and rapidly approached the baseline accuracies for a number of different $-family recognizers.
Retrograde lipid traffic in yeast: identification of two distinct pathways for internalization of fluorescent-labeled phosphatidylcholine from the plasma membrane. (1993)

Digital, video-enhanced fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry were used to follow the internalization into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of phosphatidylcholine molecules labeled on one acyl chain with the fluorescent probe 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD). Two pathways were found: (1) transport by endocytosis to the vacuole and (2) transport by a non-endocytic pathway to the nuclear envelope and mitochondria. The endocytic pathway was inhibited at low temperature (< 2 degrees C) and by ATP depletion. Mutations in secretory (SEC) genes that are necessary for membrane traffic through the secretory pathway (including SEC1, SEC2, SEC4, SEC6, SEC7, SEC12, SEC14, SEC17, SEC18, and SEC21) almost completely blocked endocytic uptake. In contrast, mutations in the SEC63, SEC65, or SEC11 genes, required for translocation of nascent secretory polypeptides into the ER or signal peptide processing in the ER, only slightly reduced endocytic uptake. Phospholipid endocytosis was also independent of the gene encoding the clathrin heavy chain, CHC1. The correlation of biochemical analysis with fluorescence microscopy indicated that the fluorescent phosphatidylcholine was degraded in the vacuole and that degradation was, at least in part, dependent on the vacuolar proteolytic cascade. The non-endocytic route functioned with a lower cellular energy charge (ATP levels 80% reduced) and was largely independent of the SEC genes. Non-endocytic transport of NBD-phosphatidylcholine to the nuclear envelope and mitochondria was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, suggesting the existence of protein-mediated transmembrane transfer (flip-flop) of phosphatidylcholine across the yeast plasma membrane. These data establish a link between lipid movement during secretion and endocytosis in yeast and suggest that phospholipids may also gain access to intracellular organelles through non-endocytic, protein-mediated events.
A type and effect system for deterministic parallel Java (2009)

Today's shared-memory parallel programming models are complex and error-prone.While many parallel programs are intended to be deterministic, unanticipated thread interleavings can lead to subtle bugs and nondeterministic semantics. In this paper, we demonstrate that a practical type and effect system can simplify parallel programming by guaranteeing deterministic semantics with modular, compile-time type checking even in a rich, concurrent object-oriented language such as Java. We describe an object-oriented type and effect system that provides several new capabilities over previous systems for expressing deterministic parallel algorithms.We also describe a language called Deterministic Parallel Java (DPJ) that incorporates the new type system features, and we show that a core subset of DPJ is sound. We describe an experimental validation showing thatDPJ can express a wide range of realistic parallel programs; that the new type system features are useful for such programs; and that the parallel programs exhibit good performance gains (coming close to or beating equivalent, nondeterministic multithreaded programs where those are available).
Optics of LCOS projection system based on wire-grid polarizers (2004)

The efficiency and the contrast ratio of the projection system based on wire-grid polarizers (WGP) are investigated as a function of the incident angle. We shall show that of the four possible combinations of configurations, only one offers the best contrast and efficiency. We also shall show that WGP offers some distinct advantages over conventional polarizers, in terms of large extinction ratios and large numerical apertures. Also it is found that the optimal incident angle onto the WGP is dependent on the physical design of the polarizer, and is seldom 45/spl deg/. At the optimal angle, both the transmission and reflection contrast can be quite good. However, WGP suffer from the drawback of large absorption due to free carrier absorption by the metal grid.
Accurate measurement and characterization of reciprocal 3-ports, application to CPW T-junctions in thin-film multi-layer MCM-D (2002)

In this paper, a novel method to fully characterize passive reciprocal 3-ports is presented. The method only requires 3 in-line 2-port measurements with the orthogonal port alternatively terminated with 3 known reflects, e.g. an open, a short and a 50 /spl Omega/-load. This eliminates the need for orthogonal probe-calibration techniques and non-ideal termination compensation which is required in the conventional method. As only in-line measurements are required, the measurement system only needs to be calibrated once, which results in a considerable time-reduction. The method has been applied to the characterization of T-junctions in CPW-based thin-film MCM-D.
Sb-Heterostructure Millimeter-Wave Detectors With Reduced Capacitance and Noise Equivalent Power (2008)

InAs/AlSb/GaSb backward diodes are used for millimeter-wave square-law power detection. A new heterostructure design with low capacitance, low resistance, and high curvature coefficient as compared to previous designs is presented. Voltage sensitivity, which is directly proportional to curvature coefficient, is improved by 31% as compared to prior reports of devices with similar barrier thicknesses. The junction capacitance is also reduced by 24% to 13 . The improved sensitivity and decreased junction capacitance originate from the incorporation of a p-type-doping plane with sheet concentration of in the n-InAs cathode layer. The combination of low resistance (and thus Johnson noise) and high sensitivity results in an estimated noise equivalent power of 0.24 at 94 GHz for a conjugately matched source, whereas the reduced capacitance facilitates wideband matching and increases the detector cutoff frequency. These modified Sb-based detectors have promise for improving the performance of passive millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave imaging systems.
Voltage-Dependent Properties of DNA Origami Nanopores (2014)

We show DNA origami nanopores that respond to high voltages by a change in conformation on glass nanocapillaries. Our DNA origami nanopores are voltage sensitive as two distinct states are found as a function of the applied voltage. We suggest that the origin of these states is a mechanical distortion of the DNA origami. A simple model predicts the voltage dependence of the structural change. We show that our responsive DNA origami nanopores can be used to lower the frequency of DNA translocation by 1 order of magnitude.
Influence of Microbial Growth on the Redox Potential of Fermented Cucumbers (2009)

Commonly, pH measurements are used during the production of fermented cucumbers to indirectly monitor growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid production. Redox potential (E(h)) measurements, which are determined by the potential of an electron to reduce an acceptor, could serve as an alternative tool to monitor the progress of fermentation allowing the detection of the metabolic activity and/or growth of LAB and other microorganisms. Pasteurized and inoculated jars of cucumbers were observed to better understand how the E(h) changes during the cucumber fermentation and how it could be used as a monitoring tool. Jars of diced, brined cucumbers were pasteurized and inoculated with microbes previously isolated from fermented cucumbers including Lactobacillus plantarum, Zygosaccharomyces globiformis, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Although an initial decrease in E(h) was observed for all microorganisms, distinctive trends in E(h) occurred when these organisms were inoculated. After a 2-wk fermentation period, the E(h) (Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) in jars inoculated with L. plantarum, Z. globiformis, and E. aerogenes was at +453 +/- 55, +104 +/- 5, and -156 +/- 73 mV, respectively. Cucumbers inoculated with a mixture of L. plantarum and Z. globiformis had a terminal E(h) value of +202 +/- 24 mV, which was between that found for the individual microorganisms. L. plantarum dominated the E(h) trend when inoculated along with E. aerogenes with a final E(h) of +411 +/- 72 mV. The results showed that changes in E(h) continued after pH measurements became stable. Thus E(h) measurement can provide a tool to continuously monitor microbial growth during the course of cucumber fermentations.
Graphical models and automatic speech recognition (2002)

Graphical models (GMs) are a flexible statistical abstraction that has been successfully used to describe problems in a variety of different domains. Commonly used for ASR, hidden Markov models are only one example of the large space of models constituting GMs. Therefore, GMs are useful to understand existing ASR approaches and also offer a promising path towards novel techniques. In this work, several such ways are described including (1) using both directed and undirected GMs to represent sparse Gaussian and conditional Gaussian distributions, (2) GMs for representing information fusion and classifier combination, (3) GMs for representing hidden articulatory information in a speech signal, (4) structural discriminability where the graph structure itself is discriminative, and the difficulties that arise when learning discriminative structure (5) switching graph structures, where the graph may change dynamically, and (6) language modeling. The graphical model toolkit (GMTK), a software system for general graphical-model based speech recognition and time series analysis, will also be described, including a number of GMTK’s features that are specifically geared to ASR.
Suppression of parasitic thick-field conduction mechanisms in silicon-gate m.o.s. integrated circuits (1971)

In a silicon-gate m.o.s. integrated circuit, because of the presence of the additional polycrystalline-silicon interconnection layer, it is possible virtually to eliminate parasitic thick-field transistor action at certain critical points in the circuit by employing an earthed polycrystalline-silicon region as an electrostatic shield between metal and substrate.
Crack-Free InGaN/GaN Light Emitters on Si(111) (2001)

We present MOCVD-grown crack-free GaN based light emitters on Si with a layer thickness of 3.6 μm. The crack free layer is grown on a thin predeposited GaN layer with fields defined by a SixNy mask. In X-ray diffraction measurements a reduction in stress is observed for the patterned sample as compared to a similar unstructured sample. Lateral growth occurs at the edges of the fields with strongly differing growth rates for perpendicular directions. The impact of the facet type on the growth rate and impurity incorporation is observed by scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence measurements. In electroluminescence the diode shows a bright blue emission at 421 nm.
Size dependence of the solubility of nonpolar compounds in different solvents (2002)

At 25°C, plots of the standard Gibbs energy change associated with the solvation of noble gases and aliphatic hydrocarbons vs. the size of the solutes prove to be approximately linear with a negative slope for common organic solvents but not for water. In the latter case, the plot has a characteristic V-shape. The slope is negative for noble gases, methane, and ethane, but is positive for larger alkanes. This means that the solubility of nonpolar solutes increases with solute size in every solvent except water. The solvation thermodynamics of noble gases and aliphatic hydrocarbons in five solvents (water, ethanol, benzene, c-hexane, and n-hexane) are analyzed in detail by a general theory, which is rederived to avoid risky misunderstandings. The calculations are performed in the same manner for all solvents, using simple formulas where the physical reliability is well established and the results are consistent. The work of cavity creation increases with solute size in every solvent, but to a far greater extent in water. Additionally, the work to turn on the solutesolvent attractive interactions increases in magnitude with solute size in every solvent, but to a lesser extent in water. By combining these two factors a satisfactory explanation for experimental data obtained emerges. The microscopic origins of the difference between water and common organic solvents are discussed.Key words: solvation, excluded-volume effect, solutesolvent interactions, enthalpyentropy compensation, molecular size.
ELECTROPHORETIC EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN PROLACTIN<sup>1.</sup> (1971)

A major electrophoretic component that was active in the pigeon crop sac assay was found in the pituitary gland of a pregnant woman. A similar component was seen in the pituitary of a woman who had been receiving estrogen. The component was present in only small amounts in an ovariectomized woman, in women after menopause, and in males.
Gas‐Phase Reactions of Cationic Vanadium‐Phosphorus Oxide Clusters with C<sub>2</sub>H<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x=</i>4, 6): A DFT‐Based Analysis of Reactivity Patterns (2013)

The reactivities of the adamantane-like heteronuclear vanadium-phosphorus oxygen cluster ions [V(x)P(4-x)O(10)](.+) (x=0, 2-4) towards hydrocarbons strongly depend on the V/P ratio of the clusters. Possible mechanisms for the gas-phase reactions of these heteronuclear cations with ethene and ethane have been elucidated by means of DFT-based calculations; homolytic C-H bond activation constitutes the initial step, and for all systems the P-O(.) unit of the clusters serves as the reactive site. More complex oxidation processes, such as oxygen-atom transfer to, or oxidative dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbons require the presence of a vanadium atom to provide the electronic prerequisites which are necessary to bring about the 2e(-) reduction of the cationic clusters.
The value of an operative wound swab sent in transport medium in the prediction of later clinical wound infection: A controlled clinical and bacteriological evaluation (1978)

Abstract Operative wound swabs taken at 214 transperitoneal operations were examined during the course of three controlled clinical trails to determine the value of transport medium in the carriage of specimens. The use of Stuart's transport medium more than doubled the number of swabs yielding pathogens in the laboratory compared with a control series of duplicate swabs not sent in transport medium. Anaerobes were even more severely affected than aerobes by ‘dry’ carriage. A polyester foam swab was shown to have no advantage over the standard cottonwool variety. Bacteriological swabs from superficial wound fat were shown to be superfluous if a peritoneal wound swab had already been taken. We suggest that operative abdominal wound swabs should not be accepted for processing by a microbiological laboratory unless sent in transport medium. Wound infection, assessed on the fifth postoperative day, was shown to be related to the result of operative swab culture only when the swab was sent in transport medium. When the operative culture was negative at 48 h, only 1 per cent later became infected. When the operative swabs grew obligate anaerobes alone, 13 per cent became infected–aerobes alone, 23 per cent, and mixed aerobes plus anaerobes, 71 per cent. The growth of mixed aerobes plus anaerobes from the operative swab was a far superior predictive factor for later infection than the degree of operative contamination or the type of operation, and provided a simple, rapid means of identifying a subgroup of patients at high risk (71 per cent) of developing infection who might benefit from planned antibiotic therapy.