gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface and grain boundary scattering studied in beveled polycrystalline thin copper films (2004)

The inverse relationship between film thickness and electrical resistivity of metallic films is usually studied by depositing a series of films with different thickness and measuring their sheet resistance with a four-point probe. However, the structure and uniformity of polycrystalline thin films typically depend on thickness, rendering it difficult to establish the dominant electron scattering mechanism. In order to circumvent the uniformity issue we now use beveled films to establish the thickness dependent resistivity of thin copper films. Here the resistivity of films down to a few nm’s can be studied without, e.g., a percolation effect. Additionally, the comparison of data obtained on samples where beveling took place either before or after anneal is used to study the impact of grain size on resistivity. It is shown that the normally observed strong increase in resistivity is dominated by grain boundary scattering. However, the influence of surface scattering can be clearly observed when thick films are thinned after a high temperature anneal in which case the grain size is considerably larger than the electron mean free path of copper at room temperature.
Iterative demodulation and decoding of differential space-time block codes (2002)

A differential space-time block code (DSTBC) is shown to be a recursive code that can be realized by a trellis. It can therefore be used as an inner code in a serial concatenated structure with an outer convolutional code and a random interleaver. We propose iterative demodulation and decoding of this concatenated system without channel state information (CSI). Because of the additional coding gain from the serial concatenation, the proposed system outperforms the same convolutional coded system using a space-time block code (STBC) with perfect CSI in a static Rayleigh fading channel. Additional performance enhancement can be achieved when linear prediction and per-survivor processing are applied to the proposed system for channel estimation. The resulting differential system has a performance close to the equivalent coherent receiver diversity system in a time-varying flat fading channel.
Sequential RAIM designed to detect combined step ramp pseudo-range errors (2006)

International audience
Joint view filtering for multiview depth map sequences (2012)

Multi-view depth data representing the real-world 3D scenery can be inconsistent in the inter-view direction. Such inconsistency of depth data can distort the performance of the inter-view motion-compensated prediction (MCP), if the Multiview Video Coding extension of the Advanced Video Coding standard (H.264/MVC) is used for coding of multiview depth map data. In this paper we propose novel joint-view depth filtering (JVDF), which improves inter-view consistency of the multiview depth map data. Depth map images from all available views are warped to the same viewpoint, which results in multiple estimates of a real-world depth value. Estimates that belong to a confidence interval are fused together through a weighted average to produce a “noise-free” depth value estimate. In the provided simulation results the JVDF applied to 3-view depth map data significantly improves the performance of H.264/MVC coding, providing up to 13% of bitrate reduction.
Excitation UNFOLD (XUNFOLD) to improve the temporal resolution of multishot tailored RF pulses (2006)

An extension of the "UNaliasing by Fourier encoding the Overlaps using the temporaL Dimension" (UNFOLD) method to the excitation domain (XUNFOLD) is presented to improve the temporal resolution of multishot tailored RF (TRF) pulses. Multishot three-dimensional TRF pulses were designed to produce a time series of images with periodically aliased excitation profiles. The XUNFOLD method is shown to remove the excitation profile aliasing from the dynamic imaging data by filtering in the temporal frequency dimension. The technique is demonstrated to improve the temporal resolution of simulated functional MRI (fMRI) activation in a time series of brain images.
A piezoelectric energy harvester interface circuit with adaptive conjugate impedance matching, self-startup and 71% broader bandwidth (2017)

This paper presents a piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit with a technique to broaden the bandwidth by introducing two time delays into the conventional synchronous-electrical-charge-extraction (SECE) scheme. The circuit adaptively adjusts these time delays for maximum power output at off-resonant frequencies. The bandwidth is increased by 71% while the power consumption of the circuit itself is at a low level of 0.85μW. The chip is fabricated in 0.35μm CMOS process technology.
The Anti-inflammatory Prostaglandin 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 Inhibits CRM1-dependent Nuclear Protein Export (2010)

The signaling molecule 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) has been described as the "anti-inflammatory prostaglandin." Here we show that substrates of the nuclear export receptor CRM1 accumulate in the nucleus in the presence of 15d-PGJ(2), identifying this prostaglandin as a regulator of CRM1-dependent nuclear protein export that can be produced endogenously. Like leptomycin B (LMB), an established fungal CRM1-inhibitor, 15d-PGJ(2) reacts with a conserved cysteine residue in the CRM1 sequence. This covalent modification prevents the formation of nuclear export complexes. Cells that are transfected with mutant CRM1 (C528S) are resistant to the inhibitory effects of LMB and 15d-PGJ(2), demonstrating that the same single amino acid is targeted by the two compounds. Inhibition of the CRM1 pathway by endogenously produced prostaglandin and/or exogenously applied 15d-PGJ(2) may contribute to its anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-viral effects.
A refined structure of human aquaporin‐1 (2001)

A refined structure of the human water channel aquaporin-1 is presented. The model rests on the high resolution X-ray structure of the homologous bacterial glycerol transporter GlpF, electron crystallographic data at 3.8 A resolution and a multiple sequence alignment of the aquaporin superfamily. The crystallographic R and free R values (36.7% and 37.8%) for the refined structure are significantly lower than for previous models. Improved geometry and enhanced stability in molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a significant improvement of the aquaporin-1 structure. Comparison with previous aquaporin-1 models shows significant differences, not only in the loop regions, but also in the core of the water channel.
Quagmires and Quandaries: Exploring Journalism Ethics (2006)

Quagmires and Quandaries: Exploring Journalism Ethics. Ian Richards. Sydney, Australia: University of South Wales Press, 2005. 191 pp. $34.95 pbk. In a book that is both broad in scope and succinctly argued, Ian Richards provides an overview of key ethical issues arising from the institutional structure, occupational practices, and technological trappings of Western-style journalism. The book out to locate and examine these forces in detail at a time when media ethics scholars are increasingly turning their attention to such factors. Richards' exploration of contextual forces influencing ethical behavior includes discussions of the social responsibility theory resulting from the 1947 Hutchins Commission report, codes of ethics (with a primary focus on the journalism code of ethics for a national media union in Australia), corporate pressures, new technologies, and occupational ideologies related to objectivity and newsworthiness. Richards includes a chapter on public journalism, but it is the shortest and least developed in the book. The examples Richards weaves throughout the text primarily reference Australian journalism practice and education. Nevertheless, he relies substantially on media ethics scholarship from the United States to make many of his theoretical points and also draws on scholars in philosophy, sociology, political science, and psychology. The well-rounded argument that results is interdisciplinary and international to a degree that remains too rare in media ethics scholarship. Although the book presents a sophisticated treatment of major ideas, it is written at a level accessible to readers who have not previously studied journalism ethics, including undergraduates, practitioners, and citizens. Richards does not summarize major ethical theories. The only mentions of normative ethical theories are brief discussions of utilitarianism and deontology in the privacy chapter and of American pragmatism in the conclusion chapter. In other words, this is a book that is a good choice for sensitizing students of all backgrounds to issues in journalism ethics, but not one that lends itself to learning the skill of moral reasoning. There are no discussion questions or extended case studies, so instructors will have to work in such learning aides on their own. It also would be helpful to include examples of exemplary journalistic behavior. Students may end up somewhat confused about the roles of professionalism and codes of ethics in journalism. Richards sets aside professionalism as a central category for evaluating journalistic conduct early on in the book, but he later goes on to invoke professional terms and categories (e. …
Robust and accurate time-optimal path-tracking control for robot manipulators (1997)

The well-known algorithms for time-optimal trajectory planning are difficult to apply in practice because they rely on imperfect models of the robot dynamics, they take no account of controller dynamics, and they provide no connection to tracking accuracy. In this paper we propose two schemes for planning and implementing time-optimal control to enable robots under computed torque control to track paths to a prescribed tolerance. Experimental results confirm the theories, showing that both schemes track to a prescribed accuracy in a near time-optimal fashion. The second scheme is shown to perform better, achieving complete torque utilization nearly all of the time.
The effect of microsphere degradation rate on the efficacy of polymeric microspheres as bulking agents: An 18‐month follow‐up study (2006)

The injection of bulking substances has been proposed as a new therapy to treat urinary incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux. Our previous study demonstrated that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have the potential to serve as a bulking agent for urological injection therapies. Hybrid tissues exhibiting a bulking effect were formed in vivo by PLGA microsphere injection, but long-term volume stability was not proven. In this study, we hypothesized that the biodegradation rate of the bulking substance (polymer microspheres) would affect the duration of volume conservation of the induced hybrid tissue. To test this hypothesis, rapidly degrading 75:25 PLGA microspheres and slowly degrading poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres were used as injectable bulking agents for the injection therapy. In vitro degradation tests showed that the mass losses of PLLA and PLGA were 16 and 96% of the initial masses, respectively, at 30 weeks. PLLA and PLGA microspheres were injected into the subcutaneous dorsum of mice. Both types of microspheres were easily injectable through 24-gauge needles. Histological examinations at various time points indicated that host cells from the surrounding tissues migrated to the spaces between both types of injected microspheres and formed new hybrid tissue structures. Lymphocyte migration was noted around the implanted PLGA and PLLA microspheres, but the inflammatory reaction diminished with time. Importantly, the volume of the PLLA hybrid tissues slowly decreased to 52% of the initial volume at 12 months and maintained that volume until 18 months, whereas the volume of the PLGA hybrid tissues rapidly decreased to 22% at 6 months, and the PLGA hybrid tissues disappeared at 11 months. These results show that the biodegradation rate of the bulking substance may be useful for controlling the duration of volume conservation of the induced hybrid tissue.
Occurrence of an Unusual Hopanoid-containing Lipid A Among Lipopolysaccharides from Bradyrhizobium Species (2014)

The chemical structures of the unusual hopanoid-containing lipid A samples of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from three strains of Bradyrhizobium (slow-growing rhizobia) have been established. They differed considerably from other Gram-negative bacteria in regards to the backbone structure, the number of ester-linked long chain hydroxylated fatty acids, as well as the presence of a tertiary residue that consisted of at least one molecule of carboxyl-bacteriohopanediol or its 2-methyl derivative. The structural details of this type of lipid A were established using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, chemical composition analyses, and mass spectrometry techniques (electrospray ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and MALDI-TOF-MS). In these lipid A samples the glucosamine disaccharide characteristic for enterobacterial lipid A was replaced by a 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucopyranosyl-(GlcpN3N) disaccharide, deprived of phosphate residues, and substituted by an α-d-Manp-(1→6)-α-d-Manp disaccharide substituting C-4' of the non-reducing (distal) GlcpN3N, and one residue of galacturonic acid (d-GalpA) α-(1→1)-linked to the reducing (proximal) amino sugar residue. Amide-linked 12:0(3-OH) and 14:0(3-OH) were identified. Some hydroxy groups of these fatty acids were further esterified by long (ω-1)-hydroxylated fatty acids comprising 26-34 carbon atoms. As confirmed by mass spectrometry techniques, these long chain fatty acids could form two or three acyloxyacyl residues. The triterpenoid derivatives were identified as 34-carboxyl-bacteriohopane-32,33-diol and 34-carboxyl-2β-methyl-bacteriohopane-32,33-diol and were covalently linked to the (ω-1)-hydroxy group of very long chain fatty acid in bradyrhizobial lipid A. Bradyrhizobium japonicum possessed lipid A species with two hopanoid residues.
Intelligent Control of Unmanned Air Vehicles: Program Summary and Representative Results (2003)

Abstract : In early 2001, AFRL and NAVAIR issued a PRDA requesting proposals to develop an intelligent controller (IC) for unmanned combat air vehicles. Two key requirements of the IC were (1) a learning approach that could go beyond current adaptive controllers and remember what it had learned across flight conditions and (2) a reconfigurable path planner that accounted for changes in the inner-loop behavior and generated near-optimal trajectories in real time. This paper presents a summary of the resulting IC program and some initial technical results.
An approach to the design of a deterministic jitter-free dual-chamber brady pacer in an ICD using hardware and software cooperation (2002)

The authors present a methodology, which applies to hardware/software co-design and co-simulation in the context of a deterministic, jitter-free (no early or latent stimulus), dual-chamber bradycardia pacer in an implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator. Using a hardware description language (Verilog XL), a simulation environment is developed that accurately allows software generated in the microprocessor's native language to be run in the simulated environment. Behaviour that is not allocated to silicon or microprocessor software (heart model, external hardware, etc.) is simulated only at the behavioral level. The simulation environment provides an emulated debugging capability that allows all designers to interactively observe the hardware and software functions in non-realtime for behavioral correctness and faults. Finally, a verification technique is applied that provides automatic flagging and logging of the system's state on an event-by-event basis.
Nanotubes from Misfit Layered Compounds: A New Family of Materials with Low Dimensionality (2014)

Nanotubes that are formed from layered materials have emerged to be exciting one-dimensional materials in the last two decades due to their remarkable structures and properties. Misfit layered compounds (MLC) can be produced from alternating assemblies of two different molecular slabs with different periodicities with the general formula [(MX)1+x]m[TX2]n (or more simply MS-TS2), where M is Sn, Pb, Bi, Sb, rare earths, T is Sn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Cr, and so on, and X is S, Se. The presence of misfit stresses between adjacent layers in MLC provides a driving force for curling of the layers that acts in addition to the elimination of dangling bonds. The combination of these two independent forces leads to the synthesis of misfit layered nanotubes, which are newcomers to the broad field of one-dimensional nanostructures and nanotubes. The synthesis, characterization, and microscopic details of misfit layered nanotubes are discussed, and directions for future research are presented.
Age-old methods of contraception. (1977)

Folk methods of contraception have been used in Philippines from immemorial times, especially in the rural areas. Some methods seem to be practical while others are mystical. The popularity of methods are due to their low cost and the trust women in the community feel for the traditional healer. Herbs are the most commonly method used. For external application, pounded and heated leaves are placed inside a bag. Traditional practitioners believe that when the "charm" is worn during intercourse, the semen will "dropout" of the vagina. For internal application a beverage is prepared with seeds of the plant and drunk before sexual intercourse. For contraceptive purposes other herbs used in rural communities could induce abortion, which is illegal in Philippines. A projected study by the University of the Philippines' College of Medicine will try to establish the pharmacological effectiveness of local plants to determine the validity of some methods of family planning reported by medical students who have talked to rural herbalists and patients. The one which seems most relevant for this study is the herb Kibatalia Gitingesis, which is supposed to contain "progesteronal-like principles." Other methods of contraception are abdominal massage, which involves manual manipulation of the uterus, chemicals, like asoge (mercury), salt, and tablets, and the use of inanimate objects, such as the bato-balani or magnetic stone. If herbs and other folk methods of contraception are proven to be effective, the possibility to have them incorporated into the National Population Program has to be considered. The untrained hilots (nurse midwives) could become trained program workers, and because of their influence in the community the number of acceptors would increase.
After the Cold War, Secure the Global Commons (1992)

(1992). After the Cold War, Secure the Global Commons. Challenge: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 16-23.
Stability of Filgrastim and Epoetin Alfa in a System Designed for Enteral Administration in Neonates (2000)

Filgrastim and epoetin alfa were stable in our amniotic fluid-like solution. In this respect, our solution is suitable for enteral administration to patients in the neonatal intensive care unit.
228 BOAR FERTILITY AND SPERM CHROMATIN STRUCTURE ASSAY DEFINED SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION (2008)

The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) was used retrospectively to characterize sperm from 18 sexually mature boars having fertility information. Boar fertility was defined by farrowing rate (FR) and average total number of pigs born (ANB) per litter of gilts and sows mated to individual boars. The SCSA uses flow cytometry to evaluate the structural integrity of sperm nuclear DNA. In brief, aliquots of frozen/thawed semen were treated for 30 s with a pH 1.2 buffer that denatures sperm DNA at the sites of DNA strand breaks. The samples are then stained with acridine orange (AO) that intercalates into native, double-stranded DNA and fluoresces green under the flow cytometer laser beam. Broken and denatured single-stranded DNA associates with AO and then collapses, causing a metachromatic shift from green to red fluorescence. Five thousand sperm are measured per sample at rates of ~200 s–1, thus giving the data strong statistical robustness. This fact coupled with the precision of the AO/DNA biochemistry provides a CV ~2% between replicate samples. The SCSA parameters measured in this study were the %DNA fragmentation index (%DFI; percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA) and standard deviation of DFI (SD DFI). The %DFI and SD DFI showed the following significant negative correlations with FR and ANB; %DFI v. FR r = –0.55, P &lt; 0.01, SD DFI v. FR r = –0.67, P &lt; 0.002, %DFI v. ANB r = –0.54, P &lt; 0.01, and SD DFI v. ANB r = –0.54, P &lt; 0.02. A discrimination analysis was used to distinguish between the boar groups above and below 6% DFI. The variables most useful to discriminate between 2 groups were SD DFI, FR, and ANB. The average squared canonical correlation for SD DFI was 0.82, P &lt; 0.0001. The average squared canonical correlation for FR and ANB was 0.45, P &lt; 0.003 and 0.54, P &lt; 0.001, respectively. Odds ratios for %DFI and SD DFI were 1.5 times (P = 0.0003, CI 1.22, 1.94) and 2.5 times (P = 0.0001, CI 1.87, 3.32), respectively.
Experimental selective choriocapillaris photothrombosis using a modified indocyanine green formulation (2008)

Restrictions to the use of ICG in aqueous solution, low singlet oxygen quantum yields and high aggregation tendency, were overcome with L-ICG. The lower laser irradiance required to obtain choriocapillaris occlusion may suggest that L-ICG is a more potent and selective photosensitiser than R-ICG.
Optical network services for ultra high definition digital media distribution (2008)

Ultra high performance digital media applications are now creating the need for new network architectures instead of shared IP links to provide them with dedicated, on-demand high capacity. These demands will be more critical in the future, as applications employing a real time environment become more common. Dynamic optical services at lambda and sub-lambda granularities are proposed because they guarantee the appropriate QoS in terms of bandwidth, jitter and latency. The technologies presented in this paper are merely initial considerations for use when providing the network services under investigation. Initial studies have shown that there is a lot of interest, and there are many advantages, in setting up network services to distribute high-performance media streams via optical networks to one or more locations.
Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of optical and magnetic properties of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles (2013)

Spinel-type cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles have been easily prepared through a simple thermal decomposition route at low temperature (175°C) using carbonatotetra(ammine)cobalt(III) nitrate complex, [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3·H2O, as a new precursor. The structure and morphology of as-prepared Co3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV–vis spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurement and magnetic measurements, and thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis. The FT-IR, XRD, and EDS results indicated that the product was highly pure well-crystallized cubic phase of Co3O4. The TEM images showed that the product powder consisted of dispersive quasi-spherical particles with a narrow size distribution ranged from 6 to 16 nm and an average size around 11 nm. The magnetic measurements confirmed that the Co3O4 nanoparticles show a little ferromagnetic behavior which could be attributed to the uncompensated surface spins and/or finite size effects. The ferromagnetic order of the Co3O4 nanoparticles is raised with increasing the decomposition temperature. Using the present method, Co3O4 nanoparticles can be produced without the need of expensive organic solvents and complicated equipments.