gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of hyaluronic acid foam as a middle ear packing agent in experimental tympanoplasty. (1998)

The efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) foam in the prevention of middle ear adhesions and other structural abnormalities in guinea pigs undergoing experimental tympanoplasty was investigated. Postoperative changes in the middle ear were evaluated by light microscopy after 6 weeks. The presence of adhesions, diminution of airspace, new bone formation, tympanic membrane (TM) formation, and mucosal inflammation was characterized by an objective grading system. Results were compared to absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) and a control group (no middle ear packing). The control group showed the best average scores for all parameters tested except for adhesion formation. However, these results were statistically significant only when compared with those of the AGS group for airspace preservation, new bone formation, and TM formation. Although the HA foam group showed better average results than did the AGS group for all parameters tested, none were statistically significant. Although HA foam appears to be a promising middle ear packing agent, further experimental trials are warranted before any firm conclusions may be made.
Identification of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluation of breed and age distributions for selected neoplasms (2011)

OBJECTIVE-To identify the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluate breed and age distributions for selected neoplasms. DESIGN-Retrospective epidemiological study. SAMPLE-Records available through the Veterinary Medical Database of dogs examined at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America between 1964 and 2002. PROCEDURES-Information on tumor type and patient breed and age was collected. Incidence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS-Records of 1,139,616 dogs were reviewed. Cutaneous neoplasms were diagnosed in 25,996 of these dogs; records for the remaining 1,113,620 dogs did not indicate that cutaneous neoplasms had been diagnosed, and these dogs were considered controls. The most frequent age range for dogs with cutaneous neoplasms was 10 to 15 years. Lipoma, adenoma, and mast cell tumor were the most common skin tumor types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Results supported previously reported data regarding cutaneous neoplasia in dogs but provided updated information on the most common skin tumors and on age and breed distributions.
Effect of formulation and freeze-drying on the long-term stability of rDNA-derived cytokines. (1992)

Lyophilized recombinant DNA-derived cytokine preparations intended for use as International Reference Material have been processed in such a way as to give batches of preparations which possess homogeneity and high stability, in order that each cytokine standard has a reasonable use of some 10 to 20 years. This has been achieved by exercising careful control at every stage of the lyophilization process. All cytokines were ampouled in microgram quantities with relatively large quantities (milligrams) of bulking agent such as albumin and carbohydrate which were shown to have no effect on the biological activity of the cytokine. Residual moisture present in the preparations and their uptake was measured by Karl-Fischer titration and found to vary from 0.5% to 4% moisture. On storage over phosphorus pentoxide these values were reduced to 0.1% to 0.5% with good reproducibility throughout the batch. Reconstitution of the freeze-dried plug was readily achieved in seconds. The stability of freeze-dried preparations of several cytokines was monitored by observing changes in biological activity after accelerated degradation studies. To date, several freeze-dried preparations have shown no loss in activity after storage at temperatures up to +56 degrees C for one year.
Animal Health Assurance (2007)

A program to ensure the health of laboratory animals and to provide a stable environment for their maintenance is necessary to reduce unwanted variables or complicating factors in experimentation. To ensure animal health throughout a research study, the animals involved should be procured in good health, monitored for continued health status, and protected from pathogenic organisms through testing of any biological materials. This unit addresses all three of these health management practices. Essential in support of these practices is a diagnostic laboratory capable of testing for rodent and rabbit pathogens.
A Mid-Level Melody-Based Representation For Calculating Audio Similarity. (2006)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Binding of collagens to an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli (1990)

An enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli, B34289c, has been shown to bind the N-terminal region of fibronectin with high affinity (G. Fröman, L. M. Switalski, A. Faris, T. Wadström, and M. Höök, J. Biol. Chem. 259:14899-14905, 1984). We now report that this strain also binds collagen. The binding of 125I-labeled type II collagen to bacteria was time dependent and reversible. Bacteria expressed a limited number of collagen receptors (2.2 x 10(4) per cell) and bound collagen with a Kd of 20 nM. All collagen types tested (I to V) as well as all tested cyanogen bromide-generated peptides [alpha 1(I)CB2, alpha 1(I)CB3, alpha 1(I)CB7, alpha 1(I)CB8, and alpha 2(I)CB4] were recognized by bacterial receptors, as demonstrated by the ability of these proteins to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled collagen to bacteria. Of several unlabeled proteins tested in competition experiments, fibronectin and its N-terminal region strongly inhibited binding of the radiolabeled collagen to E. coli cells. Conversely, collagen competed with an 125I-labeled 28-kilodalton fibronectin fragment for bacterial binding. Collagen bound to bacteria could be displaced by excess amounts of either unlabeled fibronectin or its N-terminal fragment. Similarly, collagen could displace 125I-labeled N-terminal peptide of fibronectin bound to the bacterial cell surface. Bacteria grown at 41 degrees C or in the presence of glucose did not express collagen or fibronectin receptors. These results indicate the presence of specific binding sites for collagen on the surface of E. coli cells and furthermore that the collagen and fibronectin binding sites are located in close proximity, possibly on the same structure.
A dual mode electron gun having non-intercepting grids (1973)

The design principles for a high-convergence, dual-mode gun, operable over a wide range of perveances without beam degradation, are given. The gun described employs a grooved cathode, a shadow grid at cathode potential, and two control grids. Test results show excellent beam transmission through a drift tube of 10 inches length and 0.1 inches inner diameter.
Prevalence Estimates for Latent Neurodegenerative Disease (2010)

Diseases that commonly cause dementia in the general population are Alzheimer's disease, microvascular brain injury, and Lewy body disease. Each of these is a chronic disease with latent, prodromal, and dementia stages. Here I present outcomes from validated neuropathologic assessments and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to estimate the prevalence of the latent stage of diseases that commonly contribute to the dementia syndrome. The latent stage of diseases that commonly cause dementia is highly prevalent in the adult population, highlighting the need for prevention strategies and longitudinal studies.
Histology and ultrasound fusion of excised prostate tissue using surface registration (2002)

We present a method for combining histological data with 3D ultrasound of excised prostate tissue using surface registration. With this technique, 3D prostate cancer lesions can be properly located and visualized within a B-scan volume for tissue characterization comparisons. Three prostate specimens were scanned with a GE Logiq 700 (Expert series) to obtain 2D B-scan sequences. The prostate boundaries were manually segmented from each sequence and reconstructed into 3D volumes. Specimens were fixed, sectioned into slabs, then mounted whole onto slides. Cancerous lesions were outlined by a pathologist. The slides were photographed with an Optronics Spot digital camera using Image-Pro Plus software on a PC. The gland surface was manually segmented from 2D histology images and reconstructed into a volume. Various reconstruction problems were addressed, such as specimen shrinkage due to the fixing and staining processes. The fusion algorithm translates and rotates one surface volume in 3D to find the best surface overlap. The resulting geometric transform is used to reorient the original image volume. The displacement error was determined by measuring the urethra offsets in final volume cross-sections. The offset distance ranged from 1.25 mm to 3.45 mm with an average of 2.36 mm. Another measure to gauge volume alignment is to calculate the ratio of overlapping voxels to total combined voxels(intersection/union). For a perfect case, this ratio will be 1. The ratios for the three cases ranged in value from 0.774 to 0.845.
Current Situation and Countermeasure of Tanker Shipping Market (2005)

The demand for the petroleum increase constantly with the steady development of the international economy,and most of them are transported by sea,and therefore the international oil shipping market receives much concern.The paper introduces the current situation of international oil shipping market,and puts forward the main factors working on the market,which including international economy situation,global oil demand by region and shipping supply,also expounds the relationship between the main factors and the trend of market.Finally,the paper forecasts the trend of international oil shipping market in the future mostly based on the analysis of shipping supply.
Automatic cardiac LV segmentation in MRI using modified graph cuts with smoothness and interslice constraints (2013)

The experimental validation with two magnetic resonance sequences demonstrates increased accuracy and versatility.
CCNoC: Specializing On-Chip Interconnects for Energy Efficiency in Cache-Coherent Servers (2012)

Many core chips are emerging as the architecture of choice to provide power efficiency and improve performance, while riding Moore's Law. In these architectures, on-chip inter-connects play a pivotal role in ensuring power and performance scalability. As supply voltages begin to level off in future technologies, chip designs in general and interconnects in particular will require specialization to meet power and performance objectives. In this work, we make the observation that cache-coherent many core server chips exhibit a duality in on-chip network traffic. Request traffic largely consists of simple control messages, while response traffic often carries cache-block-sized payloads. We present Cache-Coherence Network-on-Chip (CCNoC), a design that specializes the NoC to fit the demands of server workloads via a pair of asymmetric networks tuned to the type of traffic traversing them. The networks differ in their data path width, router micro architecture, flow control strategy, and delay. The resulting heterogeneous CCNoC architecture enables significant gains in power efficiency over conventional NoC designs at similar performance levels. Our evaluation reveals that a 4×4 mesh-based chip multiprocessor with the proposed CCNoC organization running commercial server workloads is 15-28% more energy efficient than various state-of-the-art single- and dual-network organizations.
Planar inductor (1984)

As the first step for developing magnetic I.C, planar inductors have been investigated. Planar inductor, which does not require conventional winding, consists of planar coil and two magnetic films which sandwich the coil. Design parameters have been obtained for four types of planar inductors, hoop type, spiral type, meander type and closed type. We fabricated a hoop type and a meander type planar inductor. The inductance of the hoop type was about 40 nH at 1 MHz, and showed flatness up to 10 MHz. In the meander type, the inductance was about 100 nH at 1 MHz, and showed a flat response till 40 MHz.
Biopolymer Solution Viscosity Stabilization—Polymer Degradation and Antioxidant Use (1983)

Abstract Dilute solutions of polymers used to provide mobility control for EOR often lose viscosity, especially at higher temperatures. This loss of viscosity with time brings into question the feasibility of using polymers as mobility-control agents. A literature study of the many possible reaction mechanisms indicated that oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions involving free radicals probably caused polymer degradation and concomitant viscosity loss. A preliminary search for antioxidants known to retard free-radical reactions located several types and positive synergistic formulations that significantly retarded biopolymer solution viscosity loss during accelerated tests at high temperature. The most effective type formulation found contained (1) a radical transfer agent; (2) a sacrificial, easily oxidizable alcohol; (3) a compatible oxygen scavenger; and (4) sufficient brine concentration. Samples prepared with this technology have not lost viscosity after 1-year storage at 207 °F [97 °C]. A high-surface-area effect (so-called "wall effect"), known to retard radical propagation, was also found to operate in the presence of sandpacks; this should be beneficial in porous media. The variables and beneficial antioxidant formulations identified in this study allow tentative conclusions and recommendations regarding biopolymer mixing and handling procedures prior to injection.
Improving athletic performance: is altitude residence or altitude training helpful? (2000)

Exercise training studies conducted at different altitudes (1250-5700 m) of varying durations (30 min to 19 wk) are critically reviewed to determine the efficacy of using altitude as a training stimulus to enhance sea level and altitude exercise performance. Four strategies are discussed: a) exercise training while residing at the same altitude; b) exercise training at altitude but residing at sea level; c) exercise training at low altitude but residing at a higher altitude; and d) exercise training under sea level and altitude conditions but only after altitude acclimatization has occurred. Residing at altitude causes a multitude of potentially beneficial physiological, ventilatory, hematological and metabolic changes that theoretically should induce a potentiating effect on endurance exercise performance. While it is accepted that endurance performance is greatly enhanced at altitude, there is less support for the view that altitude training while residing at altitude improves subsequent sea level endurance performance. There is some evidence, though also not universally accepted, that training at altitude but residing at sea level may benefit sea level endurance performance. Most recently, the combination of "living high" (e.g., at 2500 m) to obtain beneficial physiological changes associated with altitude acclimatization and "training low" (e.g., at 1250 m) to allow maintenance of high-intensity training is accumulating scientific and popular support as the most advantageous strategy to improve subsequent sea level exercise performance in well-trained, competitive runners.
Join Algorithms using Map/Reduce (2010)

Information explosion is a well known phenomenon now and there is a vast amount of research going on into how best to handle and process huge amounts of data. One such idea for processing enormous quantities of data is Google’s Map/Reduce. Map/Reduce was first introduced by Google engineers Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat [9]. It was designed for and is still used at Google for processing large amounts of raw data (like crawled documents and web-request logs) to produce various kinds of derived data (like inverted indices, web-page summaries, etc.). It is a simple yet powerful framework for implementing distributed applications without having extensive prior knowledge of the intricacies involved in a distributed system. It is highly scalable and works on a cluster of commodity machines with integrated mechanisms for fault tolerance. The programmer is only required to write specialized map and reduce functions as part of the Map/Reduce job and the Map/Reduce framework takes care of the rest. It distributes the data across the cluster, instantiates multiple copies of the map and reduce functions in parallel, and takes care of any system failures that might occur during the execution. Since its inception at Google, Map/Reduce has found many adopters. Among them, the prominent one is the Apache Software Foundation, which has developed an OpenSource version of the Map/Reduce framework called Hadoop [2]. Hadoop boasts of a number of large web-based corporates like Yahoo, Facebook, Amazon, etc., that use it for various kinds of data-warehousing purposes. Facebook for instance, uses it to store copies of internal logs and uses it as a source for reporting and machine learning. See [4] for other companies that use Hadoop. Owing to its ease of use, installation and implementation, Hadoop has found many uses among programmers. One of them is query evaluation over large datasets. And one of the most important queries are Joins. This project explores the existing solutions, extends them and proposes a few new ideas for joining datasets using Hadoop. Algorithms have been broken into two categories Two-Way joins and Multi-Way joins. Join algorithms are then discussed and evaluated under both categories. Options to pre-process data in order to improve performance have also been explored. The results are expected to give an insight into how good a fit Hadoop or Map/Reduce is for evaluating Joins.
DISTRIBUTION OF CELL ADHESION MOLECULES (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, ELAM-1) IN RENAL TISSUE DURING ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1993)

The tissue distribution of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) was studied in specimens from 10 normal human kidneys and in 52 biopsies from kidney allografts with cell-mediated rejection. In addition to the vascular presence of ICAM-1, a common finding in normal kidneys, expression of ICAM-1 on tubular cells was observed in 22 graft biopsies. Compared with normal kidneys, where VCAM-1 was present on Bowman's capsules and few proximal tubular cells, a markedly enhanced expression of VCAM-1 in numerous tubuli (including distal tubular segments) was observed in 51 graft biopsies. In 41 graft specimens VCAM-1 appeared also in variable numbers of peritubular capillaries. Infiltrating leukocytes carrying VCAM-1 were observed in 7 grafts. ELAM-1 could not be found in normal kidneys but was restricted to some peritubular capillaries in 29 grafts. Comparable results were obtained with cultured renal tubular cells when stimulated by TNF-alpha. That the induced appearance of adhesion molecules was in fact related to actual cellular synthesis was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. Thus, little ICAM-1 specific mRNA of 3.4-kb length could be detected in unstimulated cultured renal tubular cells, but hybridization was markedly increased after stimulation with TNF-alpha. A substantial amount of VCAM-1 specific mRNA of 3.2-kb length was present already in unstimulated renal tubular cells. Likewise, synthesis of VCAM-1 mRNA was enhanced by stimulation with TNF-alpha. TNF-stimulated endothelial cells also showed weak synthesis of VCAM-1 mRNA. The results provide further evidence that constitutive and inducible expression of cell adhesion molecules contributes to the process of allograft rejection.
Targeting the LRP5 Pathway Improves Bone Properties in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2014)

The cell surface receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a key regulator of bone mass and bone strength. Heterozygous missense mutations in LRP5 cause autosomal dominant high bone mass (HBM) in humans by reducing binding to LRP5 by endogenous inhibitors, such as sclerostin (SOST). Mice heterozygous for a knockin allele (Lrp5(p.A214V) ) that is orthologous to a human HBM-causing mutation have increased bone mass and strength. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a skeletal fragility disorder predominantly caused by mutations that affect type I collagen. We tested whether the LRP5 pathway can be used to improve bone properties in animal models of OI. First, we mated Lrp5(+/p.A214V) mice to Col1a2(+/p.G610C) mice, which model human type IV OI. We found that Col1a2(+/p.G610C) ;Lrp5(+/p.A214V) offspring had significantly increased bone mass and strength compared to Col1a2(+/p.G610C) ;Lrp5(+/+) littermates. The improved bone properties were not a result of altered mRNA expression of type I collagen or its chaperones, nor were they due to changes in mutant type I collagen secretion. Second, we treated Col1a2(+/p.G610C) mice with a monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin activity (Scl-Ab). We found that antibody-treated mice had significantly increased bone mass and strength compared to vehicle-treated littermates. These findings indicate increasing bone formation, even without altering bone collagen composition, may benefit patients with OI.
Characterization of cell wall components of wheat bran following hydrothermal pretreatment and fractionation (2015)

Hydrothermal pretreatment of destarched wheat bran resulted in degradation and depolymerization of the hemicellulosic arabinoxylans together with some breakdown of cellulosic glucose. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the cross-linking phenolic acids such as ferulic and diferulic acids. The results suggest that hydrothermal pretreatment enhances enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose not only by depolymerization and solubilization of the hemicelluloses but by breakdown of interpolymeric phenolic cross-links between the remaining insoluble polymers. This allows easier access of hydrolytic enzymes by opening or loosening of the cell wall thus resulting in enhanced saccharification of cellulose and subsequent fermentation to ethanol. The reduction in cinnamic acids by selected breeding or biotechnological approaches could provide a useful basis for improved saccharification and fractionation of wheat bran polysaccharides.
Inhibition Of Cancer Cell Growth By Na/K‐ATPase Mimetic pNaKtide (2011)

Cells contain a large pool of non‐pumping Na/K‐ATPase that participates in signal transduction. Here, we show that the surface expression of Na/K‐ATPase is significantly reduced in human prostate carcinoma and cancer cell lines because of increased endocytosis. This down‐regulation impairs the ability of Na/K‐ATPase to regulate key signaling processes. Supplement of the Na/K‐ATPase or pNaKtide, a mimetic peptide derived from Na/K‐ATPase, normalizes the defective signal transduction. Consequently, these treatments stimulates apoptosis, inhibits growth and migration in cultures of cancer cells. Moreover, administration of pNaKtide inhibits angiogenesis and growth of tumor xenograft. Thus, the new findings demonstrate the in vivo effectiveness of pNaKtide, and suggest that the defect in Na/K‐ATPase‐mediated signal transduction may be targeted for developing anti‐cancer therapeutics.