gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deepfakes for Medical Video De-Identification: Privacy Protection and Diagnostic Information Preservation (2020)

Data sharing for medical research has been difficult as open-sourcing clinical data may violate patient privacy. Traditional methods for face de-identification wipe out facial information entirely, making it impossible to analyze facial behavior. Recent advancements on whole-body keypoints detection also rely on facial input to estimate body keypoints. Both facial and body keypoints are critical in some medical diagnoses, and keypoints invariability after de-identification is of great importance. Here, we propose a solution using deepfake technology, the face swapping technique. While this swapping method has been criticized for invading privacy and portraiture right, it could conversely protect privacy in medical video: patients' faces could be swapped to a proper target face and become unrecognizable. However, it remained an open question that to what extent the swapping de-identification method could affect the automatic detection of body keypoints. In this study, we apply deepfake technology to Parkinson's disease examination videos to de-identify subjects, and quantitatively show that: face-swapping as a de-identification approach is reliable, and it keeps the keypoints almost invariant, significantly better than traditional methods. This study proposes a pipeline for video de-identification and keypoint preservation, clearing up some ethical restrictions for medical data sharing. This work could make open-source high quality medical video datasets more feasible and promote future medical research that benefits our society.
Pre-emptive Flow Installation for Internet of Things Devices within Software Defined Networks (2015)

The predicted prevalence of both Internet of Things (IoT) based devices and the concept of Software Defined Networking (SDN) as a new paradigm in networking, means that consideration is required for how they will interact. Current SDN implementations operate on the principle that on receiving an unrecognised packet, a switch will query a centralised controller for a corresponding rule. Memory limitations within current switch devices dictate that this rule can only be stored for a short period of time before being removed, thus making it likely that the relatively infrequent data samples sent from IoT devices will have a transmission interval longer than this timeout. This paper proposes a Pre-emptive Flow Installation Mechanism (PFIM) that dynamically learns the transmission intervals of periodic network flows and installs the corresponding rules within a switch, prior to the arrival of a packet. A proof-of-concept implementation shows this to have a significant effect on reducing the delay experienced by these flows.
Posttranslational conversion of <scp>l</scp> -serines to <scp>d</scp> -alanines is vital for optimal production and activity of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 (2005)

As a general rule, ribosomally synthesized polypeptides contain amino acids only in the L-isoform in an order dictated by the coding DNA/RNA. Two of a total of only four examples of L to D conversions in prokaryotic systems occur in posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptides called lantibiotics. In both examples (lactocin S and lacticin 3147), ribosomally encoded L-serines are enzymatically converted to D-alanines, giving rise to an apparent mistranslation of serine codons to alanine residues. It has been suggested that this conversion results from a two-step reaction initiated by a lantibiotic synthetase converting the gene-encoded L-serine to dehydroalanine (dha). By using lacticin 3147 as a model system, we report the identification of an enzyme, LtnJ, that is responsible for the conversion of dha to D-alanine. Deletion of this enzyme results in the residues remaining as dha intermediates, leading to a dramatic reduction in the antimicrobial activity of the producing strain. The importance of the chirality of the three D-alanines present in lacticin 3147 was confirmed when these residues were systematically substituted by L-alanines. In addition, substitution with L-threonine (ultimately modified to dehydrobutyrine), glycine, or L-valine also resulted in diminished peptide production and/or relative activity, the extent of which depended on the chirality of the newly incorporated amino acid(s).
Medical Management of Breast Cancer: Today and Tomorrow (2002)

The medical management of invasive breast cancer has evolved based on the recognition that surgery alone was associated with few long-term cures. This Update will review the current status of breast cancer medical management in three areas: prevention in individuals with an elevated risk, adjuvant (postoperative) treatment of early breast cancer, and treatment principles in metastatic disease. Tamoxifen has emerged as a promising agent in the treatment of women at an increased risk for breast cancer and in those with in situ disease. However, the risks of treatment must be carefully weighed against the benefits in these cohorts of women with an excellent overall prognosis. This same principle can be applied to the use of adjuvant treatment in early invasive breast cancer, where the goal is cure. Adjuvant polychemotherapy is recommended in women considered at high-risk for relapse and death. In addition, women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer are offered adjuvant taxmoxifen. Nonetheless, there are some patients with low-risk disease or those with significant co-morbidities that are unlikely to benefit from adjuvant therapies and likely to sustain toxicities. The treatment goal in metastatic breast cancer is focused on palliation of symptoms as fewer than 10% of such patients achieve 5-year survival. However, novel targeted therapies are changing the treatment armamentarium and hold great promise. These new directions of treatment will be discussed as well as areas of controversy.
An accurate hard-valve counter chronograph (1939)

A 10-unit scale-of-two circuit is used to count the number of periods of a 100-kc./sec. crystal-controlled oscillator in the required time interval. The result is given instantly, correct to one period of the oscillator; the maximum error is 10-5 sec.
Reagents and Synthetic Methods; 14. A Facile Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Bromides and Esters under Neutral Conditions via Reaction of the Trimethylsilyl Esters with Triphenylphophine Dibromide (1982)

Carbonsauren (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit Triphenylphosphin-dibromid (II) direkt oder uber ihre Silylester (IV) rasch und schonend in Saurebromide (III) ubergefuhrt.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Pyrazole Derivatives (2012)

Reaction of a series of (E)-3-phenyl-4-(p-substituted phenyl)-3-buten-2-ones with p-sulfamylphenyl hydrazine in glacial acetic acid gave the corresponding hydrazones, subsequent treatment of which with 30% HCl afforded pyrazole-1-sulphonamides. On the other hand, refluxing of chalcones with either thiosemicarbazide or isonicotinic acid hydrazide in ethanol containing a few drops of acetic acid gave pyrazoline-1-thiocarboxamides and isonicotinoyl pyrazolines, respectively. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activity of the newly isolated heterocyclic compounds was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Most of the compounds showed a moderate degree of potent antimicrobial activity.
Mutational analysis of the potential phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin β1A: Requirement for threonines 788-789 in receptor activation (1998)

To investigate the role of the potential phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta1A, point mutated variants of the protein were stably expressed in the beta1-deficient cell line GD25. Mutants T777A, Y783F, S785A, and Y795F were fully active in promoting cell adhesion, de novo formation of focal contacts, formation of fibronectin fibrils, and activation of focal adhesion kinase. Thus, phosphorylation of these residues is not required for several basic functions of integrin beta1A. On the other hand, the TT788-9AA mutant, was defective in mediating cell attachment and did not contribute to fibronectin fibril formation. The conformation of the extracellular domain was shifted towards an inactive state as measured by binding of the monoclonal antibody 9EG7. Antibody induced clustering of beta1ATT788-9AA demonstrated that the mutant cytoplasmic part was functional in mediating activation of focal adhesion kinase. Therefore, we conclude that threonines 788-789, which are conserved among most integrin beta subunits, are of critical importance for integrin function due to effects on the extracellular conformation of the receptor.
Fast sequential and parallel algorithms for association rule mining: a comparison (1995)

The field of knowledge discovery in databases, or &quot;Data Mining&quot;, has received increasing attention during recent years as large organizations have begun to realize the potential value of the information that is stored implicitly in their databases. One specific data mining task is the mining of Association Rules, particularly from retail data. The task is to determine patterns (or rules) that characterize the shopping behavior of customers from a large database of previous consumer transactions. The rules can then be used to focus marketing efforts such as product placement and sales promotions. Because early algorithms required an unpredictably large number of IO operations, reducing IO cost has been the primary target of the algorithms presented in the literature. One of the most recent proposed algorithms, called PARTITION, uses a new TID-list data representation and a new partitioning technique. The partitioning technique reduces IO cost to a constant amount by processing one datab...
Practical and Convenient Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Heterocycles:  Stereoselective Cyclization of <i>N</i>-Alkenylamides with <i>t</i>-BuOI under Neutral Conditions (2006)

[Structure: see text] tert-Butyl hypoiodite (t-BuOI) was found to be a powerful reagent for the cyclization of N-alkenylamides leading to a variety of N-heterocycles under extremely mild conditions. When N-alkenylsulfonamides were employed in the reaction, three- to six-membered saturated N-heterocycles were obtained in good to excellent yields with complete stereoselectivity. The method was applicable to the cyclization of alkenylbenzamide derivatives to afford N-, O- or N-, S-heterocycles.
Two-Dimensional Motion of the Retinal Image during Monocular Fixation* (1959)

A new modification of the contact lens technique was employed to record simultaneously vertical and horizontal components of eye movements. These were trigonometrically transformed to yield information about retinal image motion parallel to eight retinal meridia. It was found that eye movements occur predominantly in a small range of directions, which differs from subject to subject. Correlational and other statistical analyses of drift and saccadic movements led to the following conclusions about the nature of visual fixation: (1) Saccades compensate for the displacement of the retinal image away from some optical locus, but their probability of occurrence may increase with time since the last saccade, rather than with displacement. (2) The error signal to which saccades respond is probably generated 0.10 sec prior to their occurrence. (3) Parallel to those meridia where saccade compensation is poor, compensation by drifts becomes appreciable.
Canadian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Evidence-Based Update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society (2000)

Lionel A Mandell MD FRCPC1, Thomas J Marrie MD FRCPC2, Ronald F Grossman MD FRCPC FACP3, Anthony W Chow MD FRCPC FACP4, Robert H Hyland MD FRCPC5, and the Canadian CAP Working Group* McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
Measuring Protein‐Protein and Protein‐Nucleic Acid Interactions by Biolayer Interferometry (2015)

Biolayer interferometry (BLI) is a simple, optical dip-and-read system useful for measuring interactions between proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, small molecules, and/or lipids in real time. In BLI, a biomolecular bait is immobilized on a matrix at the tip of a fiber-optic sensor. The binding between the immobilized ligand and another molecule in an analyte solution produces a change in optical thickness at the tip and results in a wavelength shift proportional to binding. BLI provides direct binding affinities and rates of association and dissociation. This unit describes an efficient approach using streptavidin-based BLI to analyze DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. A quantitative set of equilibrium binding affinities (K(d)) and rates of association and dissociation (k(a)/k(d)) can be measured in minutes using nanomole quantities of sample.
Worm Detection, Early Warning and Response Based on Local Victim Information (2005)

Worm detection systems have traditionally focused on global strategies. In the absence of a global worm detection system, we examine the effectiveness of local worm detection and response strategies. This paper makes three contributions: (1) we propose a simple two-phase local worm victim detection algorithm, DSC (Destination-Source Correlation), based on worm behavior in terms of both infection pattern and scanning pattern. DSC can detect zero-day scanning worms with a high detection rate and very low false positive rate. (2) We demonstrate the effectiveness of early worm warning based on local victim information. For example, warning occurs with 0.19% infection of all vulnerable hosts on Internet when using a /12 monitored network. (3) Based on local victim information, we investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic real-time local response in terms of slowing down the global Internet worms propagation. (2) and (3) are general results, not specific to certain detection algorithm like DSC. We demonstrate (2) and (3) with both analytical models and packet-level network simulator experiments.
Characterization of an activated ribosomal S6 kinase variant from maturing sea star oocytes: Association with phosphatase 2A and substrate specificity (1999)

Two ribosomal protein S6 kinases (i.e., pp52(S6K) and pp70(S6K)) of the p70 S6 kinase family were markedly activated during meiotic maturation of Pisaster ochraceus sea star oocytes. A rapid protocol was developed for the purification from the oocyte cytosol of pp52(S6K) by approximately 50,000-fold with a specific enzyme activity of 1.6 micromol per min per mg. The purified enzyme apparently featured the N- and C-terminal regions of pp70(S6K) as it immunoreacted with antibodies directed to peptides patterned after these amino acid sequences in mammalian pp70(S6K). pp52(S6K) was inhibited by fluoride (IC(50) approximately 60 mM), but was relatively insensitive to beta-glycerolphosphate, EGTA, dithiothreitol, spermine, heparin, NaCl, and metal ions such as Mn(2+), Zn(2+), and Ca(2+). The consensus sequence for substrate phosphorylation was determined to be RXXSXR, which was partially distinct from mammalian p70(S6K) in its requirement for an amino-terminal arginine. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 by p52(S6K) occurred exclusively on serine on at least five tryptic peptides. Inhibition of sea star p52(S6K) phosphotransferase activity after treatment with protein serine/threonine phosphatases confirmed that p52(S6K) was still regulated by phosphorylation. The sea star S6 kinase was purified to near homogeneity with the regulatory and catalytic subunits of protein-serine phosphatase 2A and the heat shock protein 60. The association of an S6 kinase with phosphatase 2A was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of S6 kinase activity with phosphatase 2A-specific antibodies. The purified S6 kinase and the sea star oocyte system will be useful for analysis of upstream and downstream signaling events that lead to phosphorylation of the S6 protein and other targets.
Design and coordination of a capacitor and on‐load tap changer system for voltage control in a wind power plant of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines (2011)

ABSTRACT Larger percentages of wind power penetration into the grid translate to more demanding requirements coming from grid codes; for example, voltage support at the point of connection has been introduced recently by several grid codes from around the world, thus making it important to analyse this control. Voltage control is actuated by reactive power injection, and for a wind power plant of doubly fed generator turbines, reactive power capability can be a challenge, which typically is overcome by installing reactive power compensators. The integration and the interaction between all these reactive power sources and the on‐load tap changer of the main substation transformer need to be analysed and taken into account in the control design. In this paper, a novel coordination and control strategy for capacitor banks and on‐load tap changer for a wind power plant is introduced. The capacitor banks are controlled in such way that the steady‐state usage of the converters for reactive power injection is driven below to a maximum desired value of 0.1 pu. Additionally, the control transients because of the capacitor bank switching are minimized by using a suitable control structure. The tap changer control is coordinated with the plant control to decrease the impact of the capacitors reactive power in the line drop calculation, thus reducing the amount of tap operations and improving the accuracy of the line drop voltage estimation. The coordination of the central controller with the plant components is analysed and tested through electromagnetic transient program simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of acrylamide formation and browning ratio in potato chips by artificial neural network (2007)

The artificial neural network (ANN) modeling approach was used to predict acrylamide formation and browning ratio (%) in potato chips as influenced by time x temperature covariants. A series of feed-forward type network models with back-propagation training algorithm were developed. Among various network configurations, 4-5-3-2 configuration was found as the best performing network topology. Four neurons in the input layer were reflecting the asparagine concentration, glucose concentration, frying temperature, and frying time. The output layer had two neurons representing acrylamide concentration and browning ratio of potato chips. The ANN modeling approach was shown to successfully predict acrylamide concentration (R = 0.992) and browning ratio (R = 0.997) of potato chips during frying at different temperatures in time-dependent manner for potatoes having different concentrations of asparagine and glucose. It was concluded that ANN modeling is a useful predictive tool which considers only the input and output variables rather than the complex chemistry.
Reproductive Biology of the Pteridophyta. III. A study of the Blechnaceae (1969)

Species of Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Lorinseria and Stenochlaena were studied morphologically and genetically in an effort to obtain information relating to their reproductive biology. Woodwardia martinezii and Stenochlaena palustris were found to be apogamous.Lorinseria areolata, Blechnum unilaterale and B. nudum were found to be adapted for intra-gametophytic selling. Fifteen other sexual taxa were investigated and all were found to have adaptations making intergametophytic mating very likely. Thus of the 18 sexual taxa for which data are available, 8.33% have intergametophytic mating systems.
In vitro and in vivo hematopoietic effect of mutant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [see comments] (1990)

About 100 derivatives of human recombinant granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were created by various gene-mutagenic techniques, and KW-2228, in which amino acids were replaced at five positions of N-terminal region of intact rhG-CSF, was picked up and evaluated for its biologic and physicochemical properties in comparison with intact rhG-CSF. KW-2228 showed two to four times higher specific activity than that of intact rhG-CSF in mouse and/or human bone marrow progenitor cells by colony-forming unit assay in soft agar, and by cell- proliferation assay in liquid culture. KW-2228 showed a potency to increase peripheral neutrophil counts when it was administered to normal C3H/He mice by single intravenous injection. Increase of total leukocyte count and neutrophils was observed, with peak level at 8 to 12 hours at low doses (0.5 to 1.0 micrograms/mouse), and the highest level was maintained for 24 to 30 hours at high doses (5 to 10 micrograms/mouse). The granulopoietic effect of KW-2228 was examined by several doses of single course (once daily for 10 days) or multiple courses (twice daily injection for 5 days followed by cessation for 9 days on one cycle, 3 cycles in total) of treatment. KW-2228 showed higher activity than that of rhG-CSF, especially at sub-optimal doses of multiple courses of treatment. Furthermore, KW-2228 was found to be more stable physicochemically and biologically than intact rhG-CSF, especially under thermal conditions at 56 degrees C and in the human plasma at 37 degrees C, suggesting a protease resistancy. Pharmacokinetic study showed that plasma concentration of KW-2228 assayed for its bioactivity maintained a higher level than that of intact rhG-CSF for 60 minutes after intravenous injection of this protein to normal mice. Those results suggest that KW-2228 might show a superior in vivo hematopoietic effect to intact rhG-CSF due to its high specific activity to progenitor cells, and also due to its improved physicochemical, biologic, and pharmacokinetic stability in host animals.
Cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc networks: An overview and open research issues (2016)

Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (CR-VANETs) utilize CR technology to increase frequency bandwidth for vehicular communications. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) exploits spatial and temporal diversity for fast and accurate detection of Primary Users (PUs). This paper provides an overview of CSS techniques for CR-VANETs. We review state of the art CSS techniques proposed in literature highlighting their advantages, implementation challenges, and overhead. We then discuss open research issues and future directions, with emphasis on security threats as well as the control and coordination traffic overhead.
Regional Distribution of Calmodulin Activity in Rat Brain (1985)

Calmodulin activity in 68 discrete areas of rat brain, obtained by micropunch technique, was assessed by its capacity to activate a calmodulin-sensitive form of phosphodiesterase. In general, the activity of calmodulin was higher in the telencephalon, limbic system, and hypothalamus than in the mesencephalon, pons, cerebellum, and medulla. However, there were substantial differences in calmodulin activity in discrete nuclei of each region. The regional distribution of calmodulin activity in rat brain does not appear to correlate with that of any of the known putative neurotransmitters or peptides.
A signature of circulating microRNAs differentiates takotsubo cardiomyopathy from acute myocardial infarction (2013)

The present study for the first time describes a signature of four circulating miRNAs as a robust biomarker to distinguish TTC from STEMI patients. The significant up-regulation of these stress- and depression-related miRNAs suggests a close connection of TTC with neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, decreased levels of miRNA125a-5p as well as increased plasma levels of its target ET-1 are in line with the microvascular spasm hypothesis of the TTC pathomechanism.