gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direction of arrival estimation using sparse ruler array design (2012)

In this paper, a new direction of arrival (DOA) estimation approach is addressed for the case of more sources than physical receiving antennas by considering a novel nonuniform array design. The new design utilizes the concept of minimum sparse rulers which are rulers having incomplete marks. The differences between marks in a sparse ruler cover all lags of the autocorrelation. In array processing, this set of differences can be used as a basis to construct a virtual uniform linear array having a higher number of antennas than the actual linear array. In order to attain the required rank condition of the observation matrix, the most recent spatial smoothing method is used. The MUSIC algorithm can then be applied leading to the desired high resolution result. It is also possible to compromise the resolution for a lower complexity level by exploiting the least-squares approach to generate the angular spectrum.
Potassium Azide as a Nitrification Inhibitor<sup>1</sup> (1970)

Abstract The effect of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 ppm KN 3 on nitrification in soil was studied at 30 and 10 C. At both temperatures, KN 3 was an effective nitrification inhibitor. At 30 C, 75 ppm of added NH 4 + disappeared in 2 weeks where no KN 3 had been added as compared to 4 weeks at the 32 ppm KN 3 rate. At 10 C, 4 weeks were required for the NH 4+ to disappear at 0 ppm KN 3 , whereas more NH 4 + was present after 18 weeks than initially where 32 ppm KN 3 was applied. Concentrations of (NO 2 ‐ + NO 3 ‐ )‐ N were found to be similar at all KN 3 rates once the NH 4 + had disappeared. This indicates that KN 3 had no effect on mineralization‐immobilization relationships. The soil pH for both incubation temperatures was 6.8. The effect of 4 ppm KN 3 in soil incubated at 30 C was studied at soil pH levels of 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5. The NH 4 ‐N and (NO 2 ‐ + NO 3 ‐ )‐N concentrations during 4 weeks incubation indicated that KN 3 did not inhibit nitrification at soil pH levels of 4.5 and 6.0 but that nitrification was inhibited at pH 7.5. At 30 C, KN 3 does not appear to be an effective nitrification inhibitor for soils of pH less than 6.0.
Inclusion compounds of urea and thiourea with cationic surfactants (1965)

Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds, having at least one long aliphatic group, readily formed adducts with urea. These cationics also had structural features that allowed adduct formation with thiourea. IR analysis confirmed that these adducts were of the canal complex type of inclusion compound.
<i>Lactobacillus casei</i> strain Shirota suppresses serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G1 responses and systemic anaphylaxis in a food allergy model (2002)

LcS administration suppresses IgE and IgG1 responses and systemic allergic reactions in a food allergy model, suggesting a possible use of this lactic acid bacterium in preventing food allergy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Antibacterial Ag−SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite (2007)

In order to increase antibacterial abilities and avoid aggregation of Ag nanoparticles, Ag−SiO2 nanocomposites were studied to achieve hybrid structure. SiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the Stöber method served as seeds for immobilization of Ag. The chemical binding structure and morphology of Ag−SiO2 nanocomposites and SiO2 nanoparticles were investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial properties of Ag−SiO2 nanocomposites were examined with disk diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results showed that Ag nanoparticles are homogeneously formed on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles without aggregation and showed excellent antibacterial abilities.
Cationic graft copolymerization of styrene onto chlorinated butyl rubber (1966)

Abstract The graft copolymerization of styrene onto chlorinated butyl rubber (Cl‐IIR) with stannic chloride as cationic catalyst was studied in cyclohexane, and the rate of polymerization, per cent grafting and grafting efficiency were obtained. Polymerization was carried out in a sealed tube. The product was precipitated in methanol and dried. The increase in weight of Cl‐IIR used was regarded as styrene conversion, and the increase in weight after extraction by boiling acetone as the weight of grafted styrene. Grafting was confirmed by fractional dissolution and infrared spectra. The rate of polymerization of styrene was proportional to concentrations of styrene, Cl‐IIR and SnCl 4 . The per cent grafting increased with styrene and SnCl 4 concentration, but was constant with Cl‐IIR concentration. It also increased with time and with halogen content in the polymer. The addition of a polar solvent such as nitrobenzene greatly promoted the grafting reaction and the per cent grafting was 200%.
Towards Silicon on Insulator DQPSK Demodulators (2010)

Fabrication of integrated DQPSK demodulators is a challenge due to low birefringence requirements. We present work on demodulator structures realized in intermediate SOI technology. The work paves the way for silicon based DQPSK demodulators.
Calcium current and charge movement of mammalian muscle: action of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis immunoglobulins. (1991)

1. The Vaseline-gap voltage clamp technique was used to record dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ currents (ICa) and charge movement in single cut fibres from the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) action on ICa and charge movement has been characterized. 2. ALS IgG reduced ICa amplitude. The peak ICa of EDL fibres (mean +/- S.E.M.) at 0 mV, expressed as amperes per membrane capacitance, was -4.79 +/- 0.029 A F-1, while after 30 min incubation in ALS IgG it was -2.52 +/- 0.04 A F-1. IgG from healthy patients, and from patients with other diseases (familial ALS, myasthenia gravis, chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuritis, multiple sclerosis and one sample from Lambert-Eaton syndrome, LES) did not affect ICa, while IgG from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and one other sample from a patient with LES affected the ICa in a similar way as ALS IgG. 3. The time constant of ICa activation (alpha m) at 0 mV was 44.8 +/- 1.4 ms in control, and 36.6 +/- 1.5 ms after an incubation of 30 min in ALS IgG. The steady-state activation curve (m infinity) was shifted to more positive potentials by ALS IgG. 4. The rate constants of activation (range -20 to 30 mV) were altered by ALS IgG: alpha m decreased while beta m increased. These data suggest that ALS IgG favours the permanence of the Ca2+ channels in the closed state. 5. The time constant of Ca2+ channels deactivation at -90 mV with a pre-pulse to 0 mV was 4.4 +/- 0.5 ms in control and 4.1 +/- 0.6 ms in ALS IgG. The relationship between the deactivation time constant and membrane potential was not significantly modified by ALS IgG. 6. ICa inactivation was not affected by ALS IgG. The potentials of half-inactivation were -32.1 and -36.6 mV in control and ALS IgG, respectively. Similarly, the rate constants of inactivation (alpha h and beta h) remained unaltered by ALS IgG. 7. We successfully blocked ICa with 100 microM-TMB-8 (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester hydrochloride), without major effects on charge movement. We adopted this procedure to study charge movement. ALS IgG reduced charge movement without significant effects on the effective valence and voltage dependence. Qon and Qoff, the charges during and after the pulse, were similarly affected by ALS IgG. 8. The actions of ALS IgG on DHP-sensitive Ca2+ current and charge movement suggest an interaction between ALS IgG and some component of the DHP-receptor complex.
Reduced-resonant-current zero-voltage-switched forward converter with unsaturated-region resonance of saturable inductor (2002)

A zero-voltage-switching resonant technique with a saturable inductor is proposed. It uses the unsaturated-region inductance of a small saturable inductor as a part of the resonant inductance to realize zero voltage switching. This technique leads to high efficiency over a wide load range. Forward converters that applied this technique are described. The method reduces resonant current in the switching device, the resonant components, and the windings of the transformer. Experimental results for a 5 V-10 A forward converter with a saturable inductor in the primary side are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Yellowstone Hot Spot New Magnetic and Seismic Evidence (1974)

We present new magnetic and seismic evidence relevant to the hypothesis of a hot spot beneath Yellowstone National Park. A pseudogravity transformation enhances the regional magnetic anomalies, and the resultant map can also be interpreted to show regional variation in geothermal gradient. We propose that a pseudogravity lineament along the eastern margin of the park marks a heat-flow province boundary, whereas closure within Yellowstone marks a crustal hot spot roughly coincident with a double caldera mapped geologically. Magnetic highs at the caldera boundary may represent ring intrusions. Seismically, Yellowstone is at the most active part of the Inter-mountain Seismic Belt, where it changes strike from north to northwest and is intersected by a west-trending secondary seismic belt. Within the caldera, the earthquakes decrease in frequency of occurrence and abruptly decrease in focal depth. At the caldera boundary, four composite fault-plane solutions indicate radial compression, possibly due to resurgent magmatism. These geophysical data support the concept of a roughly circular region of anomalously hot crust at a junction of major tectonic trends but does not directly bear on the hypothesis of a mantle plume.
Fanconi anemia group C protein prevents apoptosis in hematopoietic cells through redox regulation of GSTP1 (2001)

The Fanconi anemia group C protein (FANCC) plays an important role in hematopoiesis by ensuring the survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells through an unknown mechanism. We investigated the function of FANCC by identifying FANCC-binding proteins in hematopoietic cells. Here we show that glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) interacts with FANCC, and that overexpression of both proteins in a myeloid progenitor cell line prevents apoptosis following factor deprivation. FANCC increases GSTP1 activity after the induction of apoptosis. GSTP1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the detoxification of xenobiotics and by-products of oxidative stress, and it is frequently upregulated in neoplastic cells. Although FANCC lacks homology with conventional disulfide reductases, it functions by preventing the formation of inactivating disulfide bonds within GSTP1 during apoptosis. The prevention of protein oxidation by FANCC reveals a novel mechanism of enzyme regulation during apoptosis and has implications for the treatment of degenerative diseases with thiol reducing agents.
Use of modified T7 DNA polymerase in low melting point agarose for DNA gap filling and molecular cloning. (1989)

In order to determine the optimum conditions for using Sequenase for cloning purposes, we conducted comparative experiments with this enzyme and KF. It was found that these two enzymes are almost equally effective in filling small 3'-end gaps. On the basis of this, we have been able to successfully use Sequenase TM for generating blunt ends for cloning in the presence of LMPA
Growth inhibition of Clostridium difficile by intestinal flora of infant faeces in continuous flow culture (1994)

Growth of Clostridium difficile was inhibited more strongly in continuous flow (CF) culture with C. difficile-negative faeces of infants than with C. difficile-positive faeces. Culture of faecal flora of infants yielded a greater variety of bacterial species in C. difficile-negative than in C. difficile-positive faeces. In the mixed CF culture of C. difficile with Enterococcus avium, Bacteroides distasonis, Eubacterium lentum, C. ramosum, C. perfringens and either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from C. difficile-negative faeces, inhibition of growth of C. difficile was demonstrated when the pH of the culture medium was decreased. Amino-acid analysis of CF cultures showed considerable utilisation of aspartic acid, serine, threonine, arginine and asparagine. A marked increase in concentrations of citrulline and ornithine was found in the culture that inhibited growth of C. difficile. The addition of citrulline and ornithine into a Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) broth produced no inhibition of growth of C. difficile. The addition of the mixture of the depleted amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, threonine, arginine and asparagine) to the culture filtrate or adjustment of the pH of the culture filtrate induced considerable growth of C. difficile. These results suggest that the inhibition of growth of C. difficile may be due to consumption of amino acids by intestinal flora, and not to the presence of inhibitors produced by the intestinal flora.
SeGAN: Segmenting and Generating the Invisible (2018)

Objects often occlude each other in scenes; Inferring their appearance beyond their visible parts plays an important role in scene understanding, depth estimation, object interaction and manipulation. In this paper, we study the challenging problem of completing the appearance of occluded objects. Doing so requires knowing which pixels to paint (segmenting the invisible parts of objects) and what color to paint them (generating the invisible parts). Our proposed novel solution, SeGAN, jointly optimizes for both segmentation and generation of the invisible parts of objects. Our experimental results show that: (a) SeGAN can learn to generate the appearance of the occluded parts of objects; (b) SeGAN outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation baselines for the invisible parts of objects; (c) trained on synthetic photo realistic images, SeGAN can reliably segment natural images; (d) by reasoning about occluder-occludee relations, our method can infer depth layering.
CDR-restricted engineering of native human scFvs creates highly stable and soluble bifunctional antibodies for subcutaneous delivery (2013)

While myriad molecular formats for bispecific antibodies have been examined to date, the simplest structures are often based on the scFv. Issues with stability and manufacturability in scFv-based bispecific molecules, however, have been a significant hindrance to their development, particularly for high-concentration, stable formulations that allow subcutaneous delivery. Our aim was to generate a tetravalent bispecific molecule targeting two inflammatory mediators for synergistic immune modulation. We focused on an scFv-Fc-scFv format, with a flexible (A4T)3 linker coupling an additional scFv to the C-terminus of an scFv-Fc. While one of the lead scFvs isolated directly from a naïve library was well-behaved and sufficiently potent, the parental anti-CXCL13 scFv 3B4 required optimization for affinity, stability, and cynomolgus ortholog cross-reactivity. To achieve this, we eschewed framework-based stabilizing mutations in favor of complementarity-determining region (CDR) mutagenesis and re-selection for simultaneous improvements in both affinity and thermal stability. Phage-displayed 3B4 CDR-mutant libraries were used in an aggressive "hammer-hug" selection strategy that incorporated thermal challenge, functional, and biophysical screening. This approach identified leads with improved stability and>18-fold, and 4,100-fold higher affinity for both human and cynomolgus CXCL13, respectively. Improvements were exclusively mediated through only 4 mutations in VL-CDR3. Lead scFvs were reformatted into scFv-Fc-scFvs and their biophysical properties ranked. Our final candidate could be formulated in a standard biopharmaceutical platform buffer at 100 mg/ml with<2% high molecular weight species present after 7 weeks at 4 °C and viscosity<15 cP. This workflow has facilitated the identification of a truly manufacturable scFv-based bispecific therapeutic suitable for subcutaneous administration.
The Chromosome-Encoded Hypothetical Protein TC0668 Is an Upper Genital Tract Pathogenicity Factor of Chlamydia muridarum (2015)

We previously associated a missense mutation of the tc0668 gene of serial in vitro-passaged Chlamydia muridarum, a murine model of human urogenital C. trachomatis, with severely attenuated disease development in the upper genital tract of female mice. Since these mutants also contained a TC0237 Q117E missense mutation that enhances their in vitro infectivity, an effort was made here to isolate and characterize a tc0668 single mutant to determine its individual contribution to urogenital pathogenicity. Detailed genetic analysis of C. muridarum passages revealed a truncated variant with a G216* nonsense mutation of the 408-amino-acid TC0668 protein that does not produce a detectable product. Intracellular growth and infectivity of C. muridarum in vitro remain unaffected in the absence of TC0668. Intravaginal inoculation of the TC0668 null mutant into C3H/HeJ mice results in a typical course of lower genital tract infection but, unlike a pathogenic isogenic control, is unable to elicit significant chronic inflammation of the oviduct and fails to induce hydrosalpinx. Thus, TC0668 is demonstrated as an important chromosome-encoded urogenital pathogenicity factor of C. muridarum and the first with these characteristics to be discovered for a Chlamydia pathogen.
Preliminary indications of water film distribution and thickness on an airfoil in a water spray (1984)

A sensor for measuring water film thickness is evaluated. The test is conducted in a small flow apparatus with a 1 ft chord model wing in a water spray. Photographic and visual observations are made of the upper wing surface and film thickness is measured on the upper and lower wing surfaces. The performance of the sensor appears highly satisfactory, and where valid comparisons can be made, repeatable results are obtained.
Der Magnesiumwasserstoff MgH<sub>2</sub> (1952)

Abstract Der Magnesiumwasserstoff MgH 2 läßt sich durch thermische Zersetzung von Magnesium‐diäthyl bei 200° im Hochvakuum rein darstellen: Mg(C 2 H 2 → MgH 2 +2C 2 H 4 . Bei der Pyrolyse von Magnesium‐dibutyl wird ein durch Magnesium verunreinigter Magnesiumwasserstoffgebildet, da sich hier bereits eine Nebenreaktion MgR 2 → Mg + R 2 bemerkbar macht, die bei der thermischen Zersetzung von Magnesium‐diphenyl zur Hauptreaktion wird. Im Gemisch mit Magnesiumhalogenid entsteht der Magnesiumwasserstoff bei der Pyrolyse von äthyl‐ und Butyl‐ magnesiumhalogenid: 2 Mg(C 2 HX → MgH 2 + 2C 2 H 4 , während beim Phenyl‐magnesium‐halogenid wie beim Magnesium‐diphenyl die Diphenyl‐Bildung — wahrscheinlich unter gleichzeitiger Entstehung von Magnesium‐subhalogenid MgX — in den Vordergrund tritt: 2 MgRX → 2 MgX + R 2 . Der Magnesiumwasserstoff MgH 2 stellt eine weiße, feste, nicht flüchtige, ätherunlösliche, wasserempfindliche und leicht oxydable Substanz dar, die im Hochvakuum erst oberhalb 280° in die Elemente zerfällt und mit Bor‐ und Aluminiumwasserstoff Doppel‐hydride der Formel MgH 2 ·2 BH 3 = (Mg(BH 2 („Magnesiumboranat”︁) bzw. MgH 2 ·2 AlH 3 = Mg(AlH 2 („Magnesiumalanat”︁) bildet.
Role of Yops and Adhesins in Resistance of<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>to Phagocytosis (2002)

Yersinia enterocolitica is a pathogen endowed with two adhesins, Inv and YadA, and with the Ysc type III secretion system, which allows extracellular adherent bacteria to inject Yop effectors into the cytosol of animal target cells. We tested the influence of all of these virulence determinants on opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis by PU5-1.8 and J774 mouse macrophages, as well as by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The adhesins contributed to phagocytosis in the absence of opsonins but not in the presence of opsonins. In agreement with previous results, YadA counteracted opsonization. In every instance, the Ysc-Yop system conferred a significant level of resistance to phagocytosis. Nonopsonized single-mutant bacteria lacking either YopE, -H, -T, or -O were phagocytosed significantly more by J774 cells and by PMNs. Opsonized bacteria were phagocytosed more than nonopsonized bacteria, and mutant bacteria lacking either YopH, -T, or -O were phagocytosed significantly more by J774 cells and by PMNs than were wild-type (WT) bacteria. Opsonized mutants lacking only YopE were phagocytosed significantly more than were WT bacteria by PMNs but not by J774 cells. Thus, YopH, -T, and -O were involved in all of the phagocytic processes studied here but YopE did not play a clear role in guarding against opsonic phagocytosis by J774. Mutants lacking YopP and YopM were, in every instance, as resistant as WT bacteria. Overexpression of YopE, -H, -T, or -O alone did not confer resistance to phagocytosis, although it affected the cytoskeleton. These results show that YopH, YopT, YopO, and, in some instances, YopE act synergistically to increase the resistance of Y. enterocolitica to phagocytosis by macrophages and PMNs.
A Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase–PCR Assay for the Genotyping of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses (2010)

Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) in Taiwan have been divided into two genogroups, Taiwan group I (TW-I) and Taiwan group II (TW-II). Heterologous Mass-type strains are widely used as vaccines in the field. This work reports on a rapid and reliable multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay for the genotyping of IBVs. Multiplex primer sets were designed to amplify the region covering hypervariable regions 1 and 2 of the S1 glycoprotein gene. Several local strains and commercially available vaccines were used for evaluating the viral genotyping assay, and a number of field isolates were examined for clinical application. The results showed that all of the examined IBVs were accurately genotyped by identifying the corresponding bands on agarose gels (TW-I: 322 bp, TW-II: 161 bp, Mass type: 256 bp) after the mRT-PCR, in agreement with the viral genome sequence data. The mRT-PCR assay was able to detect viral RNA copies as low as 10(3), 10(50, and 10(3) for the TW-I, TW-II, and Mass-type strains, respectively. The mRT-PCR assay accurately detected and discriminated vaccine viruses from wildtype strains in the field. This assay may be beneficial for virus identification and differentiation in routine disease surveillance.
Growth of Ferromagnetic Semiconducting Si:Mn Film by Vacuum Evaporation Method (2003)

Three magnetization curves of Si0.93Mn0.07 film annealed at 973 K were taken at 5, 100, and 200 K after substraction of the diamagnetic contribution of the Si substrate. The coercive field decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. For our samples, the coercive fields, Hc, are 320, 150, and 70 Oe at 5, 100, and 200 K, respectively. Magnetization was measured up to 3 kOe without evidence of an increase of magnetization beyond the value acquired in 3 kOe. In this study, the saturation magnetizations, Ms, are 2.43, 1.78, and 0.67 emu/g at 5, 100, and 200 K, respectively. Hc and Ms were decreased with increasing measurement temperature.