gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENU-induced phenovariance in mice: inferences from 587 mutations (2012)

Collectively, these mutations add to our understanding of the chemical specificity of ENU, the types of amino acid substitutions it creates, and its efficiency in causing phenovariance. Our data support the validity of computational algorithms for the prediction of damage caused by amino acid substitutions, and may lead to refined predictions as to whether specific amino acid changes are responsible for observed phenotypes. These data form the basis for closer in silico estimations of the number of genes mutated to a state of phenovariance by ENU within a population of G3 mice.
A new SAW based OFDM receiver concept (2003)

We report on a new SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave)-based receiver concept for OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) that is suitable for wireless high data rate indoor applications. We give a brief system overview and present simulation results of the data throughput. The simulation parameters are adapted to the proposed physical layer specifications of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and the European ETSI/HIPERLAN standardization groups. In both groups OFDM has been chosen for the physical layer in the high data rate WLAN systems in the 5 GHz ISM band. Since costly high speed digital signal processing is necessary for today's high data rate requirements we propose a receiver concept with a SAW chirp Fourier transform.
Tetragonal faceted-nanorods of anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of active {100} facets (2010)

Tetragonal faceted-nanorods of single-crystalline anatase TiO(2) with a large percentage of higher-energy {100} facets have been synthesized by hydrothermal transformation of alkali titanate nanotubes in basic solution.
Observation of Both Jahn−Teller Distorted Forms (b<sub>1g</sub> and b<sub>2g</sub>) of the Cyclooctatetraene Anion Radical in a 1,2-Disubstituted System (2000)

The anion radical of cyclooctatetraene (COT) must undergo a Jahn−Teller distortion from its ideal D8h symmetry. Both B3LYP/6-31+G* calculations and EPR observation have shown that the COT moiety in the anion radical of 1,2-dicarbo-tert-butoxycyclooctatetraene exists in a pair of degenerate D4h alternating bond angle conformations (a b1g distortion). The rapid (k = 3 × 107 s-1) interconversion between the two identical conformations leads to specifically predicted line width alternation effects in the EPR spectrum. The COT ring system in the 1,2-dicarbomethoxycyclooctatetraene anion radical [(CH3OOC)2COT-•], on the other hand, has a ground state with alternating bond lengths. Since this b2g distorted (COT-•) system has a plane of symmetry that can be drawn through the molecule and between the two substituents, no line width alternation effects can take place. However, in this system, the B3LYP/6-31+G* calculations predict an energy difference between the b1g and b2g distorted COT-• ring systems of less than 1 kcal/mol. In support of this, the EPR data are best simulated in terms of the presence of both Jahn−Teller distorted forms of the anion radical.
Adaptive and neural network adaptive control of depth of anesthesia during surgery (2006)

Control system technology has a great deal to offer pharmacology, anesthesia, and critical care medicine. Critical care patients, whether undergoing surgery or recovering in intensive care units, require drug administration to regulate physiological variables such as blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and degree of consciousness. The rate of infusion of each administered drug is critical, requiring constant monitoring and frequent adjustments. Open-loop control by clinical personnel can be tedious, imprecise, time consuming, and sometimes of poor quality. Alternatively, closed-loop control can potentially achieve desirable system performance in the face of the highly uncertain and hostile environment of surgery and the intensive care unit. In this paper, we validate our recent adaptive and neuro adaptive feedback control algorithms for clinical pharmacology via a series of simulation experiments and clinical evaluation trials. The clinical trials demonstrate excellent regulation of unconsciousness allowing for a safe and effective administration of the anesthetic agent propofol.
Rapid Prototyping for Soft‐Matter Electronics (2014)

A series of rapid and inexpensive methods to produce elastically soft sensors and circuits in minutes using a CO 2 laser (10.6 μm wavelength) are introduced. These soft‐matter electronics are composed of laser‐patterned films of conductive poly(dimethylsiloxane) (cPDMS) and liquid‐phase gallium–indium (GaIn) alloy embedded in a thin sheet of soft silicone elastomer. Direct laser patterning eliminates the need for photolithography, replica molding, and customized inkjet or microcontact (μCP) printing, and allows conductive traces of cPDMS and liquid GaIn to be rapidly integrated into a single soft‐matter circuit. The versatility of this fabrication method is demonstrated by the production of a variety of electrically functional soft‐matter sensors and circuit elements that contain features with >150 μm planar dimensions. It is postulate that in the case of GaIn alloy patterning occurs when the recoil force of the escaping vapor exceeds the liquid's surface tension. This mechanism exploits the unique “moldability” of liquid GaIn alloy, which forms a surface oxide of Ga 2 O 3 that allows the patterned film to maintain its shape.
An assessment of information criteria for motion model selection (2002)

Rigid motion imposes constraints on the motion of image points between the two images. The matched points must conform to one of several possible constraints, such as that given by the fundamental matrix or image-image homography, and it is essential to know which model to fit to the data before recovery of structure, matching or segmentation can be performed successfully This paper compares several model selection methods with a particular emphasis on providing a method that will workfully automatically on real imagery.
Ligand-Induced Conformational Change in Transferrins:  Crystal Structure of the Open Form of the N-Terminal Half-Molecule of Human Transferrin<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Serum transferrin binds ferric ions in the bloodstream and transports them to cells, where they are released in a process involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Iron release is believed to be pH dependent and is coupled with a large conformational change. To help define the steps in iron release, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the iron-free (apo) form of the recombinant N-lobe half-molecule of human serum transferrin (ApoTfN) by X-ray crystallography. Two crystal forms were obtained, form 1 with four molecules in the asymmetric unit and form 2 with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structures of both forms were determined by molecular replacement and were refined at 2.2 and 3.2 A resolution, respectively. Final R-factors were 0.203 (free R = 0. 292) for form 1 and 0.217 (free R = 0.312) for form 2. All six copies of the ApoTfN structure are essentially identical. Comparison with the holo form (FeTfN) shows that a large rigid-body domain movement of 63 degrees has occurred in ApoTfN, to give an open binding cleft. The extent of domain opening is the same as in the N-lobe of human lactoferrin, showing that it depends on internal constraints that are conserved in both proteins, and that it is unaffected by the presence or absence of the C-lobe. Although the conformational change is primarily a rigid-body motion, several local adjustments occur. In particular, two iron ligands, Asp 63 and His 249, change conformation to form salt bridges, with Lys 296 and Glu 83, respectively, in the binding cleft of the apo protein. Both salt bridges would have to break for iron coordination to occur. Most importantly, the structure, determined at a pH (5.3) that is close to the pH of physiological iron release, indicates that protonation of His 249 is a key step in iron release.
Optimum time-division in MIMO two-way decode-and-forward relaying systems (2008)

We consider a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relaying system, where two wireless terminals exchange data via a half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) relay. The problem of optimum time-division (TD) between the multiple access (MAC) phase and the broadcast (BRC) phase is addressed in this paper. We characterize the achievable rate regions with optimum TD strategies between the two phases for the following two cases: One is under peak power constraint and the other is under average power constraint. The simulation results show that the achievable rate regions with optimum TD strategies are much larger than those with equal TD strategy. Furthermore, the ergodic sum rates of the system using optimum and equal TD strategies are compared for different antenna configurations.
Compact real-time birefringent imaging spectrometer (2012)

The design and experimental demonstration of a snapshot hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform (SHIFT) spectrometer is presented. The sensor, which is based on a multiple-image FTS (MFTS), offers significant advantages over previous implementations using Michelson interferometers. Specifically, its use of birefringent interferometry creates a vibration insensitive and ultra-compact (15x15x10 mm(3)) common-path interferometer while offering rapid reconstruction rates through the graphics processing unit. The SHIFT spectrometer's theory and experimental prototype are described in detail. Included are reconstruction and spectral calibration procedures, followed by the spectrometer's validation using measurements of gas-discharge lamps. Lastly, outdoor measurements demonstrate the sensor's ability to resolve spectral signatures in typical outdoor lighting and environmental conditions.
SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line: in vitro cell model of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. (2010)

Differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells have been widely used as a cell model of DAergic neurons for PD research. Some differentiating agents afford SH-SY5Y cells with more potential for studying neurotoxicity and neuroprotection and are thus more relevant to experimental PD research.
Democracy--The First Principle of Health Promoting Schools. (2005)

English: The authors examine the notion of democracy and how it can be portrayed in school settings where efforts to promote health are prominent. Democracy is considered relative to the educational opportunities presented in school, in general, and through the study of human experience as it is portrayed in health contexts. Threaded into the dialogue are the proposed implications these ideas and beliefs about democracy hold for the Health Promoting School as an integral part of overall efforts to improve schools for ‘public ’ good i.e., the betterment of society, responsible citizenry, care for self and others. Finally, ideas are presented about how democratic thinking might impact programs of study in health education enroute to health living, social responsibility, and active citizenry. Conceptually, democracy is examined as a stance or disposition towards learning, a way of being, a way of belonging, and an organisational model. Spanish: Los autores examinan la noción de la democracia y cómo puede ser retratada en los ajustes de la escuela donde los esfuerzos de promover salud sea prominente. La democracia se considera concerniente a las oportunidades educativas presentado en escuela, en general, y con el estudio de la experiencia humana como se
Bud moth on prunes: Parathion found to be highly toxic to pest of increasing economic importance (1948)

Haavy damage to the prune crops of a number of Santa Clara Valley orchards has been caused by the bud moth—Spilonola ocellana—during the past few seasons.
Learning Sparse Features in Granular Space for Multi-View Face Detection (2006)

In this paper, a novel sparse feature set is introduced into the Adaboost learning framework for multi-view face detection (MVFD), and a learning algorithm based on heuristic search is developed to select sparse features in granular space. Compared with Haar-like features, sparse features are more generic and powerful to characterize multi-view face pattern that is more diverse and asymmetric than frontal face pattern. In order to cut down search space to a manageable size, we propose a multi-scaled search algorithm that is about 6 times faster than brute-force search. With this method, a MVFD system is implemented that covers face pose changes over +/-45deg rotation in plane (RIP) and +/-90deg rotation off plane (ROP). Experiments over well-know test set are reported to show its high performance in both accuracy and speed
Immunomodulatory activity of xanthohumol: inhibition of T cell proliferation, cell-mediated cytotoxicity and Th1 cytokine production through suppression of NF-κB (2009)

Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone present in hops (Humulus lupus L.) and beer, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity, but has not been studied for effects on T cell-mediated immune responses. Here we demonstrate that XN has profound immunosuppressive effects on T cell proliferation, development of IL-2 activated killer (LAK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). The suppression of these cell-mediated immune responses by XN was at, least in part, due to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcription factor through suppression of phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB.
Interlaced video coding with field-based multiresolution representation (1993)

This paper presents the video coding technique proposed by Columbia University for the second phase of ISO's MPEG standardization effort (MPEG-2) for coding at bit-rates up to 10 Mbit/s. The technique is a direct extension of the coding algorithm used for MPEG-1, suitable for interlaced video by allowing macroblock-by-macroblock adaptive field-based or frame-based coding. Separate coding of the odd and even fields is allowed as an option, so that fields of one parity use information from the already coded fields of the opposite parity. This option has near-optimum performance, and also conveniently provides scalability (in the sense of multiresolution representation), useful for achieving graceful degradation in the presence of transmission errors. It also permits easy modification for compatibility with MPEG-1. Another feature includes escape to a non-DCT coding technique for blocks containing sharp edges. Based on both subjective and objective evaluations, extensive computer simulations have been conducted to optimize the criteria of using various modes.
Structure and Function of the Glutamine Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Amidotransferase Glutamine Site and Communication with the Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Site (1996)

Glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase from Escherichia coli exhibits a basal PRPP-independent glutaminase activity having a kcat/Km that is 0.3% of fully active enzyme. Binding of PRPP activates the enzyme by a structural change that lowers the Km for glutamine 100-fold and couples glutamine hydrolysis to synthesis of 5-phosphoribosylamine. By analysis of the x-ray structure of the glutamine site containing bound 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine, a glutamine affinity analog, and by site-directed mutagenesis we have identified residues important for glutamine binding, catalysis, and coupling with PRPP. Tyr74 is a key residue in the coupling between the sites for glutamine in the NH2-terminal domain and PRPP in the COOH-terminal domain. Arg73 and Asp127 have roles in glutamine binding. The x-ray structure indicates that there are no amino acid side chains sufficiently close to Cys1 to participate as a proton acceptor in formation of the thiolate needed for nucleophilic attack on the carboxamide of glutamine, nor as a general acid for amide nitrogen transfer. Based on the x-ray model of the glutamine site and analysis of a mutant enzyme we propose that the free NH2 terminus of Cys1 functions as the proton acceptor and donor. The results indicate that the side chain of Asn101 and the backbone nitrogen of Gly102 function to stabilize a tetrahedral oxyanion resulting from attack of Cys1 on the glutamine carboxamide. Cys1, Arg73, Asn101, Gly102, and Asp127 are conserved in the NH2-terminal domain of a subfamily of amidotransferases that includes asparagine synthetase, glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase, and glutamate synthase, implying a common function in the four enzymes. Tyr74, on the other hand, is conserved only in glutamine PRPP amidotransferase sequences consistent with a specific role in interdomain coupling. The catalytic framework of key glutamine site residues supports the assignment of glutamine PRPP amidotransferase to a recently described Ntn (NH2-terminal nucleophile) hydrolase family of enzymes.
Black-to-Transmissive Electrochromism with Visible-to-Near-Infrared Switching of a Co(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer for Smart Window and Digital Signage Applications (2015)

Black-to-transmissive electrochromism has been obtained with a Co(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer (polyCo). Thin films of polyCo, based on bisterpyridine ligand assembled with Co(II) metal ion, were constructed by spray casting the polymer onto ITO glass. With such simple fabricating means to form good-quality films, polyCo films show stable switching at the central metal ion of the Co(II)/Co(I) redox reaction when immersed in aqueous solution. With an increase in the pH of the aqueous electrolyte solution from neutral, the film exhibits a color response due to the interaction between the d-orbital electron and hydroxide ions affecting the d-d* transition. As a result, a nearly transparent-to-black electrochromic performance can be achieved with a transmittance difference at 550 nm of 74.3% (81.9-7.6%) in pH 13 solution. The light absorption of the film can be tuned over light regions from visible to near-infrared with a large attenuation.
Über die Umsetzung von Phenalen mit vinylogen Formamidinium‐Salzen: Synthese substituierter Pyrene und des Azuleno[5.6.7‐<i>cd</i>]phenalens (1969)

Abstract Die Anionen des Phenalens ( 1c ) und seiner Derivate 12, 13 und 18 setzen sich mit den vinylogen Formamidinium‐perchloraten 2 bzw. 7, 8, 10 und 21 zu resonanzstabilisierten, tieffarbigen Enaminen vom Typ 4 , Vinylogen des 1‐Aminomethylen‐phenalens, um. Erhitzen der aus 1c mit 7a‐p, 8 und 10 gebildeten Enamine auf 120–180° führt in hohen Ausbeuten zu gezielt substituierten Pyrenen ( 6a‐p, 9, 11 ). Analog Konnten auch Benzopyrene und aus 22 das pentacyclische Azuleno[5.6.7‐ cd ]phenalen aufgebaut werden.
Reliability of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: Permanent leakage current increase and output current drop (2013)

In this work we report on the two most common failure modes for AlGaN/GaN-based HEMTs: the gate leakage increase and the output current drop. First, by performing step-stress experiments in function of the step-time (tSTEP) we show that the critical voltage for the increase of gate leakage current depends on the tSTEP and is not associated with a permanent drop of the output current. Consequently, identification of the critical voltage by means of step-stress is not meaningful per se since it depends on the tSTEP used. Second, we show that during high power stress at high voltage a permanent output current drop occurs. The failure analysis reveals the formation of crystallographic defects in the AlGaN layer along the whole width of the gate, in agreement with the inverse piezoelectric theory. However, in contrast to the degradation model based on the inverse piezoelectric effect, these defects do not aid the leakage of electrons from the gate toward the drain electrode since the output current drop is not associated with an increase of the gate leakage current. Therefore, combining the outcome of the two experiments, we suggest that the two most common failure modes are not correlated despite both might concur to the device degradation. Finally, an excellent stability is shown for devices with reduced Al content in the AlGaN barrier, highlighting the fundamental role of strain on reliability of AlGaN/GaN-based devices.
GROUP CONTINGENCIES FOR GROUP CONSEQUENCES IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: A FURTHER ANALYSIS1 (1974)

The relative effects of rules, rules + feedback, and rules + feedback + group and individual consequences for appropriate behavior were investigated in three elementary classrooms during reading and mathematics periods. The consequences were individual and group praise, and group activities. The total intervention package (rules + feedback + group and individual consequences) was most effective in increasing appropriate behavior. Rules + feedback produced increased appropriate behavior in two of the three classrooms. Rules alone produced no change in classroom behavior. Maintenance of appropriate classroom behavior was noted approximately three weeks after the program ended. Teacher's correct use of praise was also maintained for two of the three teachers at levels generated during the total package condition.
All-solid-state camera for the 525-line television format (1976)

A charge-coupled image sensor of the vertical frame transfer type has been fabricated with three-phase three-level polysilicon electrodes. The device has 496 vertically interlaced rows of elements and 475 resolution elements/line. The imaging area, measuring 12.8 × 9.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , corresponds to that of a 1-in vidicon. Defect-free devices have not yet been fabricated, but with an appropriate effort such devices seem feasible. The device is operated in a self-contained camera, measuring 6 × 6 × 15 cm, containing the countdown circuitry, and implemented with commercially available TTL. The clock line drivers are built with discrete transistors. The camera produces a suitably filtered black-and-white video signal in the standard 525-line television format, which includes the necessary blanking periods and synchronization signals. Large-scale integration (LSI) of these circuits could readily lead to a camera which could be smaller by more than a factor of two.
A novel sister clade to the enterobacteria microviruses (family <scp> <i>M</i> </scp> <i>icroviridae</i> ) identified in methane seep sediments (2014)

Methane seep microbial communities perform a key ecosystem service by consuming the greenhouse gas methane prior to its release into the hydrosphere, minimizing the impact of marine methane sources on our climate. Although previous studies have examined the ecology and biochemistry of these communities, none has examined viral assemblages associated with these habitats. We employed virus particle purification, genome amplification, pyrosequencing and gene/genome reconstruction and annotation on two metagenomic libraries, one prepared for ssDNA and the other for all DNA, to identify the viral community in a methane seep. Similarity analysis of these libraries (raw and assembled) revealed a community dominated by phages, with a significant proportion of similarities to the Microviridae family of ssDNA phages. We define these viruses as the Eel River Basin Microviridae (ERBM). Assembly and comparison of 21 ERBM closed circular genomes identified five as members of a novel sister clade to the Microvirus genus of Enterobacteria phages. Comparisons among other metagenomes and these Microviridae major-capsid sequences indicated that this clade of phages is currently unique to the Eel River Basin sediments. Given this ERBM clade's relationship to the Microviridae genus Microvirus, we define this sister clade as the candidate genus Pequeñovirus.
Use of an oxytocin antagonist in in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer for women with repeated implantation failure: A retrospective study (2011)

These results suggest that IVF-ET using lower dosage of atosiban may improve pregnancy outcomes of patients with RIF.