gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and functional characterization of a waterlogging-induced promoter from maize (2010)

Using thermal asymmetric interlaced polymer- ase chain reaction (TAIL PCR), promoter sequences of 1,444 bp (HM241145) and 1,249 bp (HM241146) from the Zea mays zinc finger (zmzf) protein gene were isolated from the maize inbred lines Mo17 and Hz32, respectively. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the Mo17 zmzf promoter contained multiple cis-regulatory elements responding to anaerobic conditions. These included two GC-motifs, five anaerobic response elements (AREs), one GT-motif, and four G-boxes. Sequence alignment revealed that there was a 195 bp DNA deletion (-258 to -452 bp) in the Hz32 zmzf promoter compared with the Mo17 pro- moter. The deleted fragment contained three AREs. According to quantitative real time PCR analysis, the expression of the uidA gene driven by the Mo17 zmzf promoter increased after day 1 waterlogging treatment, peaked after day 2 and decreased at days 4-8. Staining for b-glucuronidase (GUS) was observed in the roots of Mo17 zmzf transgenic lines under waterlogged conditions, but not in the leaves. GUS expression was not observed in the roots and leaves of Hz32 zmzf transgenic lines, even under submerged conditions, indicating that the Hz32 zmzf pro- moter was non-functional because of the deletion of three AREs. We propose that the Mo17 zmzf promoter was inducible by waterlogging, highly active, and root-specific, and might be useful for the genetic engineering of water- logging tolerance.
CMOS low noise amplifier design optimization technique (2004)

In this paper, a set up noise parameter expression and the third order intermodulation product expression (IM3) for a power-constrained simultaneous noise and input matching low noise amplifier design optimization technique are introduced. Based on these expressions, the methodology to design LNA to archive the power-constrained simultaneous noise and input matching as well as satisfy the linearization condition is explained. In additional, the power gain is enhanced by using a very simple positive feedback. The proposed LNA for 5 GHz WLAN applications is fabricated based on 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measured results show 20 dB power gain, 1.5 dB NF and -5 dBm IIP3. The proposed LNA dissipates DC current of 3 mA at supply voltage of 2.5 V.
Human prostatic inhibin suppresses tumor growth and inhibits clonogenic cell survival of a model prostatic adenocarcinoma, the Dunning R3327G rat tumor. (1993)

Prostatic inhibin (PI) is a M(r) 10,700 protein found in human seminal plasma and is secreted by the prostate. Recognition of alteration of PI levels in prostatic diseases prompted us to investigate its effect on an animal prostatic adenocarcinoma model, the Dunning R3327G rat tumor. PI not only inhibited in vitro growth of tumor cells but also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. A dose-dependent inhibition of both the clonogenic cell growth and rate of proliferation (DNA synthesis) was observed in tumor cell cultures incubated with purified PI. These inhibitory activities were similar in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent Dunning tumor cell lines. A functional decapeptide of PI was also found to inhibit Dunning tumor cell colonies in a dose-dependent manner. Daily injection of purified PI into tumor-bearing rats suppressed the tumor growth. A 58% reduction in tumor weight and a 2-fold reduction in tumor growth rate were observed over a 15-day treatment period. Continued treatment with PI significantly suppressed the tumor growth rate by nearly 3-fold. These findings clearly demonstrate a potential application of PI for treating human prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Wireless in-building network architecture and protocols (2003)

The authors highlight the topology, architecture, and protocols developed for a wireless in-building network based on 18-GHz radio technology. They introduce the requirements of an in-building office environment that involves desktop computing applications and describe a microcellular topology with store-and-forward radio modules that uses time division duplex techniques to organize transmitting and receiving. Unique to the architecture and protocols are methods for coordinating devices with sectorized antennas, for providing high performance in terms of high throughput and low delay, and for compatibility with networking standards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary Pressure as Related to Water Holding in Polyacrylamide and Chicken Protein Gels (2013)

The ability of gels to hold water is important for economics of processing, food quality, and food safety. This study investigated the prevailing theory for how gels hold water, capillarity. Both the pore sizes of gel microstructures and the degree of hydrophilicity of the polymers comprising each gel were quantitatively assessed and related to water holding (WH) properties, and this was the first report using such methodologies. It appeared that the degree of hydrophilicity was much more important explaining WH properties than pore size, and that future research of this kind should be carried out.
Thermoelectric thin film power generators: self-sustaining power supply for smart systems (2009)

Micropelt develops and markets the world's smallest thermoelectric power generation devices. Due to the silicon-wafer based MEMS-like production process elements with a total thickness of 1 mm and a footprint from less than 1 mm² to 25 mm<sup>2</sup> can be realized. The fabrication process is based on standard semiconductor equipment and processes. Therefore ramp-up schemes and economies-of-scale close to those of common chip devices apply to Micropelt products. Micropelt thermogenerators produce much higher output voltages than conventional bulk devices which is due to the fact that their micro-structuring technology produces near 8000 p-n thermo-couples per square centimeter, while conventional thermogenerators typically have less than 10 such thermo-couples on the same area. Consequently Micropelt generators are well suited as the core of an integrated power supply for energy-autonomous miniaturized smart systems with average power consumptions of a few Milliwatts. Micropelt Engineering has proven readiness of their devices for use in a multitude of wireless sensor and micro systems, including smart actuators In this paper we will first introduce the Micropelt technology and further discuss energy harvesting opportunities for novel low power devices and wireless applications based on given waste heat reservoirs.
A specific miRNA signature promotes radioresistance of human cervical cancer cells (2013)

The present study indicated that miRNA is involved in radioresistance of human cervical cancer cells and that a specific miRNA signature consisting of miR-630, miR-1246, miR-1290 and miR-3138 could promote radioresistance of cervical cancer cells.
Correction: Glutamate Concentration in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Resting-State Cortical-Subcortical Functional Connectivity in Humans (2013)

Communication between cortical and subcortical regions is integral to a wide range of psychological processes and has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions. Studies in animals have provided insight into the biochemical and connectivity processes underlying such communication. However, to date no experiments that link these factors in humans in vivo have been carried out. To investigate the role of glutamate in individual differences in communication between the cortex -specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) -and subcortical regions in humans, a combination of resting-state fMRI, DTI and MRS was performed. The subcortical target regions were the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsomedial thalamus (DMT), and periaqueductal grey (PAG). It was found that functional connectivity between the mPFC and each of the NAc and DMT was positively correlated with mPFC glutamate concentrations, whilst functional connectivity between the mPFC and PAG was negatively correlated with glutamate concentration. The correlations involving mPFC glutamate and FC between the mPFC and each of the DMT and PAG were mirrored by correlations with structural connectivity, providing evidence that the glutamatergic relationship may, in part, be due to direct connectivity. These results are in agreement with existing results from animal studies and may have relevance for MDD and schizophrenia.
Causes and consequences of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation in hepatitis C (2006)

Hepatitis C virus has developed mechanisms to alter the redox state of hepatocytes and this is associated with changes in mitochondrial structure and function. Chronic hepatitis C patients manifest hepatic oxidative stress and this is exacerbated by alcohol consumption and associated with fibrosis progression. Several viral proteins, including core and NS5a appear to contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by mechanisms that involve both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein localizes to both ER and mitochondria and has effects at both sites. At the mitochondria a chain of events is initiated by core binding, which consists of increased Ca(2+) uptake, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, oxidation of the mitochondrial glutathione pool, inhibition of electron transport complex I activity, and sensitization of mitochondria to Ca(2+)- and ROS-induced membrane permeability transition. These effects have been observed in isolated mitochondria, cells bearing full-length HCV replicons, and liver mitochondria derived from HCV transgenic mice. In addition to these direct effects on mitochondria, core protein has been shown to causes a state of ER stress and an increase in the efficiency of ER to mitochondria Ca(2+) transfer. The resulting oxidized redox state has a number of potential consequences for liver function. It interferes with the antiviral innate immune responses and potentiates fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Alcohol exacerbates these effects by increasing core-induced ROS production, further oxidizing the mitochondrial glutathione pool. The resulting mitochondrial effects may contribute to liver injury and oxidative stress seen in chronic hepatitis C.
Molecular characterization of the <i>Aspergillus nidulans treA</i> gene encoding an acid trehalase required for growth on trehalose (1997)

Aspergillus nidulans conidiospores contain high levels of the non-reducing disaccharide trehalose. We show that upon induction of conidiospore germination, the trehalose pool is rapidly degraded and a glycerol pool is transiently accumulated. A trehalase with an acidic pH optimum was purified from conidiospores. Characterization of the treA gene encoding this trehalase shows that it is homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar acid trehalase, the product of the ATH1 gene, and to two related proteins of unknown function identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. A. nidulans mutants that lack acid trehalase activity were constructed by gene replacement at the treA locus. Analysis of these mutants suggests that the treA gene product is localized in the conidiospore wall, is required for growth on trehalose as a carbon source, and is not involved in the mobilization of the intracellular pool of trehalose. Therefore, it is proposed that a cytoplasmic regulatory trehalase is controlling this latter process.
The Mixed Lineage Kinase SPRK Phosphorylates and Activates the Stress-activated Protein Kinase Activator, SEK-1 (1996)

SPRK (also called PTK-1 and MLK-3), a member of the mixed lineage kinase subfamily of (Ser/Thr) protein kinases, encodes an amino-terminal SH3 domain followed by a kinase catalytic domain, two leucine zippers interrupted by a short spacer, a Rac/Cdc42 binding domain, and a long carboxyl-terminal proline-rich region. We report herein that SPRK activates the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) but not ERK-1 during transient expression in COS cells; the p38 kinase is activated modestly (1.3-2 fold) but consistently. SPRK also activates cotransfected SEK-1/MKK-4, a dual specificity kinase which phosphorylates and activates SAPK. Reciprocally, expression of mutant, inactive SEK-1 inhibits completely the basal and SPRK-activated SAPK activity. Immunoprecipitated recombinant SPRK is able to phosphorylate and activate recombinant SEK-1 in vitro to an extent comparable to that achieved by MEK kinase-1. These results identify SPRK as a candidate upstream activator of the stress-activated protein kinases, acting through the phosphorylation and activation of SEK-1.
Dynamics of laser-produced Sn-based plasmas for a monochromatic 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet source (2007)

Dynamics of laser-produced Sn-based plasmas were investigated for a monochromatic EUV lithography (EUVL) source. A hollow plasma density in a Sn plasma driven by Nd:YAG laser was observed in the late time within the laser pulse. The possible reason comes from the distributed laser energy deposition in the expanding corona. This distributed absorption results in a temperature gradient in the corona and a broad EUV spectrum. It was shown that for CO<sub>2</sub> laser most of the laser energy deposition is localized around the critical density, a narrower EUV x-ray spectrum and a higher conversion efficiency from laser to monochromatic 13.5 nm EUV emission can be expected. It was found that 0.5% Sn-doped foam targets show an almost the same electron density as compared with that of solid density Sn targets. The same n<sub>e</sub> enables efficient absorption of laser energy, and at the same time much lower Sn ion number density results in less re-absorption of the in-band 13.5 nm EUV emission induced by the plasma itself, so high CE can be expected with a low concentration of Sn.
Novel Hexagonal-Facet GaAs/AlGaAs Laser Grown by Selective Area Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1993)

A GaAs hexagonal prism structure with (110) sidewall facets perpendicular to the (111)B substrate surface is obtained by selective area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using a SiO 2 mask. These (110) sidewall facets are extremely smooth like a cleaved surface, so they can be used as the cavities of a semiconductor laser. A novel hexagonal-facet (HF) GaAs/AlGaAs double heterojunction laser structure is proposed and preliminary lasing characteristics are presented. The average threshold of the optical pumping energy for the HF-laser array is approximately 18 pJ for 416 nm excitation. Single-mode (inscribed hexagonal mode) lasing at 875 nm is obtained at room temperature.
Gastroparesis and the current use of prokinetic drugs. (1993)

Gastroparesis is a chronic gastric motility disorder in which there is delayed gastric emptying of solids plus or minus liquids. Symptoms of gastroparesis may range from early satiety and nausea in mild cases to chronic vomiting, dehydration, and nutritional compromise in severe cases. Diagnosis of gastroparesis is based on demonstration of delayed gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal in the absence of mechanical obstruction. A number of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders may impair gastric motility with resultant gastroparesis. Approximately one third of patients with gastroparesis have no identifiable underlying cause (so called idiopathic gastroparesis). Management of gastroparesis involves four areas: (1) nutritional support, (2) antiemetic drugs, (3) prokinetic drugs, and (4) surgical therapy (in a very small subset of patients). Gastroparesis is often a chronic, relapsing condition; 80% of patients require maintenance antiemetic and prokinetic therapy and 20% require long-term nutritional supplementation. In the near future, the most promising advances in the treatment of patients with gastroparesis will most likely come from the area of combination pharmacological therapy. In the long term, developments in the area of intestinal pacing and intestinal transplantation may offer further treatment options in this difficult disorder.
Modeling switching activity using cascaded Bayesian networks for correlated input streams (2003)

We represent switching activity in VLSI circuits using a graphical probabilistic model based on cascaded Bayesian networks (CBNs). We develop an elegant method for maintaining probabilistic consistency in the interfacing boundaries across the CBNs during the inference process using a tree-dependent (TD) probability distribution function. A tree-dependent (TD) distribution is an approximation of the true joint probability function over the switching variables, with the constraint that the underlying Bayesian network representation is a tree. The tree approximation of the true joint probability function can be arrived at using a maximum weight spanning tree (MWST) built using pairwise mutual information between switchings at two signal lines. Further we also develop a TD distribution based method to model correlations among the primary inputs which is critical for accuracy in Bayesian modeling of switching activity. Experimental results for ISCAS circuits are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
Nickel-borate oxygen-evolving catalyst that functions under benign conditions (2010)

Thin catalyst films with electrocatalytic water oxidation properties similar to those of a recently reported Co-based catalyst can be electrodeposited from dilute Ni(2+) solutions in borate electrolyte at pH 9.2 (B(i)). The Ni-B(i) films can be prepared with precise thickness control and operate at modest overpotential providing an alternative to the Co catalyst for applications in solar energy conversion.
The base-induced rearrangement of .alpha.-halo sulfones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe base-induced rearrangement of .alpha.-halo sulfonesLeo A. PaquetteCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 7, 209–216Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50007a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50007a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Verification of analog/mixed-signal circuits using labeled hybrid petri nets (2006)

System on a chip design results in the integration of digital, analog, and mixed-signal circuits on the same substrate which further complicates the already difficult validation problem. This paper presents a new model, labeled hybrid Petri nets (LHPNs), that is developed to be capable of modeling such a heterogeneous set of components. This paper also describes a compiler from VHDL-AMS to LHPNs. To support formal verification, this paper presents an efficient zone-based state space exploration algorithm for LHPNs. This algorithm uses a process known as warping to allow zones to describe continuous variables that may be changing at variable rates. Finally, this paper describes the application of this algorithm to a couple of analog/mixed-signal circuit examples.
A new catalyst for the efficient and selective .beta.-hydrosilylation of acrylonitrile. Effect of ultrasound (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new catalyst for the efficient and selective .beta.-hydrosilylation of acrylonitrile. Effect of ultrasoundAmirthini B. Rajkumar and Philip. BoudjoukCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 2, 549–550Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00104a041https://doi.org/10.1021/om00104a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM): Using Digital Signatures for Domain Verification (2007)

Email protocols were designed to be flexible and forgiving, designed in a day when Internet usage was a cooperative thing. A side effect of that is that they were not designed to provide protection against falsification of a message’s address of origin, referred to today as “spoofing”. DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) defines a mechanism for using digital signatures on email at the domain level, allowing the receiving domain to confirm that mail came from the domain it claims to. In conjunction with the forthcoming DKIM sender signing practices specification, the receiving domain may also have more information for deciding how to treat mail without a valid signature. The use of DKIM signatures and signing practices gives sending domains one tool to help recipients identify legitimate messages from their domain, and a reliable identifier that can be used to combat spam and phishing.