gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HCl Etching Behavior on Low-Tilt-Angle and Step-Free 4H-SiC Surfaces (2009)

We report on new observations made, when 4H-SiC, Si-face substrate mesas, having either low tilt-angle (< 1°) with steps or step-free top surfaces, were exposed to three separate HCl etching conditions for five minutes at temperatures of 1130°C, 1240°C and 1390°C. We observed that HCl was ineffective at 1130°C, as etching was incomplete with abundant surface contamination. At 1240°C, screw dislocations were aggressively etched by HCl, while multiple shallow flat-bottomed etch pits were formed on step-free mesa surfaces. At 1390°C, step-flow etching dominated as large etch pits were formed at screw dislocations and previously step-free surfaces etched inward from mesa edges to form parallel rows of organized steps.
Effect of hydroxyl group content in ethyl cellulose on permeability in free films and coated membranes (1999)

The change in the water permeability, glass transition temperatures, and mechanical properties of ethyl cellulose with different degrees of substitution are presented. Studies of the hydroxyl group content on the polymer chains indicate that the mechanical properties of a free film decrease as the hydroxyl group content increases. This is thought to be due to the lower solubility of ethyl cellulose with a lower degree of substitution, as determined by the interaction constant in ethanol and the ability of the film with a high hydroxyl group content to hold more water. Furthermore, an increase in hydroxyl group content increases water permeability. Finally, a study of spray-coated pellets has been performed and reveals a similar effect. The higher the hydroxyl group content, the higher the release rate and, at the same time, the decrease in Vickers hardness. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 529–535, 1999
A study on gender differences in the length of requests in Turkish (2016)

Gender can be considered as an important variable in language use and research suggest that men and women use language differently. Speech acts is not an exception. This study aims to find out whether gender plays a role in making requests. To analyze this, a Discourse Completion Task in Turkish consisting of five situations was given to 54 students (30 male / 24 female) studying at a state university and were asked to write how they would make requests for each situation. Then, the number of the words used for each requests and in total were calculated and compared according to the gender of the participants. The results of the independent samples t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the female and male participants in the number of words used in total and for each request, in favor of females. The results are parallel with the previous research suggesting that women have a tendency to include more details and men tend to be more direct. Discussion of the results and implications for future studies are presented in the final section.
Lipid-Sugar Interactions (1988)

The ability of seeds and other anhydrous plant forms to survive the withdrawal of water must involve a mechanism for protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. Evidence from animal systems implicates sugars as protective components, and we have tested the changes in mesomorphic phase state of phospholipid model membranes upon hydration and dehydration in the presence of sucrose and/or sucrose plus raffinose. X-ray diffraction studies of dry dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) indicate that the presence of sucrose lowers the chain order/disorder transition temperature to that of hydrated lipid; likewise, the lamellar repeat spacings showed the dry DMPC/sucrose mixture to be similar to that of the hydrated lipid. These results support the proposed potential of sugars to substitute for water in biomembranes. If sucrose is to serve as a protectant during desiccation of seeds, its tendency to crystallize would lessen its effectiveness. Raffinose is known to serve as an inhibitor of sucrose crystallization, and is abundant in seeds. The addition of raffinose to make DMPC/sucrose/raffinose mixtures (1/1/0.3 mass ratio) prevented sucrose crystallization, suggesting this as a possible in vivo role for raffinose.
Choline-deficiency fatty liver: impaired release of hepatic triglycerides (1968)

After intravenous injection of palmitate-1-(14)C to rats fed a choline-deficient (CD) or choline-supplemented (CS) diet for 15-18 hr, liver triglycerides became labeled very rapidly. In CS, but not in CD rats, there was a considerable loss, with time, of radioactivity from liver triglycerides. At the same time, significantly less radioactivity appeared in plasma triglycerides of CD rats than of CS animals. No difference was seen in the triglyceride content of microsomes isolated from the liver of rats fed the two diets. The lower radioactivity in plasma triglycerides of CD rats was essentially due to a lower level and specific activity of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides. After intravenous injection of Triton and labeled palmitate, considerably less radioactivity accumulated in plasma triglycerides and phospholipids of CD rats than of CS animals. Post-Triton hyperphospholipidemia was also less pronounced in CD rats. It was concluded that the fatty liver observed in CD rats results from an impaired release of hepatic triglycerides into plasma.
The Wiki (2006)

Some corporations have adopted a Wiki on their Intranets for employees to collectively store, edit and access work-related material such as reports, best-practice features, and documents. As such collaborative software moves from the social to the corporate arena, it is bound to challenge management authority, engaging the knowledge worker in a more participatory knowledge capability and environment. This paper explores the implication that this revolution has for the interaction of corporate users with technology that will lead to a profound change in organisational culture.
Diffraction-limited storage rings – a window to the science of tomorrow (2014)

This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings. It analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings. With MAX IV and Sirius there are two facilities under construction that already exploit these advantages. Several other projects are in the design stage and these will probably enhance the performance further. To translate the progress in light source quality into new science requires similar progress in aspects such as optics, beamline technology, detectors and data analysis. The quality of new science will be limited by the weakest component in this value chain. Breakthroughs can be expected in high-resolution imaging, microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques are relevant for many fields of science; for example, for the fundamental understanding of the properties of correlated electron materials, the development and characterization of materials for data and energy storage, environmental applications and bio-medicine.
Automatic geometric measurements of single-mode and multimode optical fibers (1979)

An automatic method has been developed to measure the outer diameter, the core diameter, the degree of ellipticity, and the core concentricity of both single mode and multimode optical fibers. A short length of fiber (~1 cm) is prepared by scoring and breaking, and one end face is observed with a microscope utilizing transmitted light illumination. The image is processed with a computer-controlled automatic video-analysis-system which tracks and locates the outer and core boundaries, performs various fitting routines, calculates the desired quantities, and produces a plot of fiber boundaries and core offset, all within 3 min. The reproducibility of the measurements depends upon the quality of the sample and is on the order of 0.1 μm for eccentricity values of good fiber samples with surfaces free from dirt and cracks and on the order of ½% for the core radius.
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor SCH 727965 (Dinacliclib) Induces the Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cells (2011)

Although rare, osteosarcoma is an aggressive cancer that often metastasizes to the lungs. Toward the goal of developing new treatment options for osteosarcoma, we show that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor SCH 727965 (SCH) induces the apoptosis of several osteosarcoma cell lines including those resistant to doxorubicin and dasatinib. Cell lines prepared in our laboratory from patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy and explants derived from a human osteosarcoma xenograft in mice were also responsive to SCH. Apoptosis occurred at low nanomolar concentrations of SCH, as did CDK inhibition, and was p53-independent. SCH activated the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis as evidenced by caspase-9 cleavage and accumulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Amounts of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bim increased in mitochondria, whereas amounts of the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-x(L) declined. Osteosarcoma cells apoptosed when codepleted of CDK1 and CDK2 but not when depleted of other CDK combinations. We suggest that SCH triggers the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by inactivating CDK1 and CDK2 and that SCH may be useful for treatment of drug-resistant osteosarcomas. SCH also induced the apoptosis of other sarcoma types but not of normal quiescent osteoblasts or fibroblasts.
Factors affecting the foliar absorption and redistribution of pesticides. 2. Physicochemical properties of the active ingredient and the role of surfactant (1988)

Abstract Uptake into and local translocation within leaves sprayed with radiolabelled glucose and fourteen agrochemicals dissolved in aqueous acetone has been measured for four species (maize, rape, strawberry and sugar beet). Uptake during droplet drying (2‐3 min after application) was small (mean value 4% of applied compound) and similarly only small amounts of compounds were found in the epicuticular wax 24 h after application. Total uptake into the leaf ranged from 1‐97% at 24 h, depending on compound and on species. Enhancement of uptake by addition of a non‐ionic surfactant was very variable. Regression analysis and graphical plots showed that uptake was inversely related to melting point, except into sugar beet, and for this species and for strawberry, uptake was also inversely related to water solubility. Both uptake and translocation passed through a maximum with increasing partition coefficient in most cases, with optimum values of log (partition coefficient) of c. 0 and 1.5‐2.2 respectively. The uptake of the four polar compounds used also appeared to be affected by their hygroscopicity and state of ionisation.
Correspondence-free multi-camera activity analysis and scene modeling (2008)

We propose a novel approach for activity analysis in multiple synchronized but uncalibrated static camera views. We assume that the topology of camera views is unknown and quite arbitrary, the fields of views covered by these cameras may have no overlap or any amount of overlap, and objects may move on different ground planes. Using low-level cues, objects are tracked in each of the camera views independently, and the positions and velocities of objects along trajectories are computed as features. Under a generative model, our approach jointly learns the distribution of an activity in the feature spaces of different camera views. It accomplishes two tasks: (1) grouping trajectories in different camera views belonging to the same activity into one cluster; (2) modeling paths commonly taken by objects across camera views. To our knowledge, no prior result of co-clustering trajectories in multiple camera views has been published. Advantages of this approach are that it does not require first solving the challenging correspondence problem, and the learning is unsupervised. Our approach is evaluated on two very large data sets with 22, 951 and 14, 985 trajectories.
Low-Temperature Deep Ultraviolet Laser Polycrystallization of Amorphous Silicon for Monolithic 3-Dimension Integration (2021)

Monolithic 3-dimensional integration (M3D) requires heat treatment techniques that should not degrade the device performance of the lower layers when applied to device fabrication in the upper layers. Deep ultraviolet (DUV) laser annealing was implemented in the crystallization of amorphous silicon and source/drain junction activation to fabricate polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) for upper-layer devices. The poly-Si MOSFET devices were fabricated successfully on top of the bottom electronic circuit layer (isolated by a thick silicon dioxide layer). Devices on the upper and lower layers were connected through interlayer vias to form a current-starved ring oscillator. The current-to-frequency converter on the bottom layer showed a reasonable increase in frequency as the current of the poly-Si MOSFET on the upper layer increased with increasing silicon grain size, confirming that DUV laser annealing did not degrade the performance of the bottom layer devices. This opens more opportunities for using DUV laser annealing in the M3D integration.
Display daylight ambient contrast measurement methods and daylight readability (2006)

Abstract— Two composite metrics to characterize display reflection, contrast, and readability under daylight illumination is proposed. A measurement of the reflection under directed illumination simulating the sun is combined with a measurement of the reflection under uniform diffuse illumination to simulate the sky. The measurements are performed separately in a laboratory, and then the measurement results are combined and scaled to daylight levels with attention to the proper spectra involved for the skylight and sunlight.
Análisis de la siniestralidad laboral en el sector de la construcción en Málaga (2013)

En este trabajo se exponen los principales resultados obtenidos
de la investigacion realizada sobre los accidentes adscritos al
sector de la construccion de la provincia de Malaga entre los anos
2004 y 2008. El trabajo analiza tres aspectos fundamentales en
el estudio de la prevencion de riesgos: las condiciones materiales
en las obras de construccion, el cumplimiento normativo y
el parte de notificacion de accidentes. Los resultados del estudio
permiten caracterizar el perfil del trabajador accidentado y del
tipo de accidente, a la vez que descubren un grado elevado de
incumplimientos normativos de las empresas de los accidentados,
asi como destacadas carencias en los datos aportados
por el parte de notificacion de accidentes.
Model matching in intelligent document understanding (2002)

Intelligent Document Understanding (IDU) is the process of converting scanned document pages into an electronic, processable form. We have previously presented a IDU system architecture suitable for this task which uses a hybrid bottom-up/top-down control strategy. In this paper we focus on a specific subproblem that arises within the chosen framework, concerned with selecting an appropriate page layout structure. A detailed analysis of the problem using an error propagation model, allows computationally simple search strategies to be developed. A multistage layout formation algorithm is proposed and its performance is critically assessed when implemented using two different Layout Object selection criterion. The first selection criterion is based on a maximal column area coverage; the second is based on a probabilistic Layout Object selection. Both techniques have been incorporated into the hybrid IDU system and the results presented indicate its superiority over previously reported systems.
Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of defectivity in directed self‐assembly of cylinder‐forming diblock copolymers in laterally confining thin channels (2014)

ABSTRACT We use self‐consistent field theory to calculate the energy of defect formation in cylinder‐forming diblock copolymers in laterally confining thin channels. We focus on two isolated defects, dislocations and disclinations and explore a wide range of polymer and channel characteristics. Our findings suggest appropriate conditions for the design of optimized graphoepitaxial processes, where defects are limited to very low concentrations. Using the string method, we also investigate the energy barriers and kinetic pathways of the transition from defective to perfect states. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40790.
Protective Effect of Sildenafil (Viagra) in Transient Spinal Cord Ischemia (2007)

Prospective study of the neuroprotective activity of sildenafil in a rat spinal ischemia model. The present study involved 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Physiological serum was administered intraperitoneally to the 8 rats in the control group at the beginning of reperfusion for a period of 20 min after abdominal aortal occlusion. Sildenafil (Viagra®) was administered as a single 10-mg/kg/day intraperitoneal dose to the 8 rats in the sildenafil group at the beginning of reperfusion after 20 min of abdominal aortal occlusion. No occlusion was performed and no agent was administered to the 5 rats in the sham group, but the abdominal aorta was reached by means of surgical intervention. Before the animals were sacrificed, several physiological and biochemical parameters were investigated, preoperative and postoperative motor functions were also assessed, and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring and histopathological examinations were carried out. No differences were found between the physiological and biochemical parameters in each of the 3 groups. Neurological scoring performed after reperfusion demonstrated a significant improvement in the neurological results relative to those of the control group over 48 h in subjects that received sildenafil. These animals also showed better 24-hour SEP results, measured in terms of extended latency and decreased amplitude, than the control animals. A histopathological study showed reduced ischemic symptoms in rats that received sildenafil compared with those in the control group. However, no anomalies were observed in the sham group with respect to the histopathological and neurological findings. These results indicate that neurological damage due to spinal-cord ischemia-reperfusion injury can be reduced by sildenafil.
Emerging Hardware Trends in Large-Scale Transaction Processing (2015)

What are the next challenges and trends for online transaction-processing (OLTP) database systems? Here, Andrew Pavlo opines on how database management system developers will need to respond as new hardware technologies become widely available.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Thorium and Uranium Ions from Solid and Liquid Materials with Fluorinated .beta.-Diketones and Tributyl Phosphate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupercritical Fluid Extraction of Thorium and Uranium Ions from Solid and Liquid Materials with Fluorinated .beta.-Diketones and Tributyl PhosphateYuehe. Lin, Chien M. Wai, Fred M. Jean, and Russ D. BrauerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 6, 1190–1193Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00055a034https://doi.org/10.1021/es00055a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views579Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-ray spectromicroscopy with a zone plate generated microprobe (1990)

The scanning photoelectron microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has recently recorded micrographs with a resolution below half a micron. To demonstrate elemental and chemical sensitivity at the submicron level, an artificial structure consisting of Al and SiO2 lines on a boron-doped silicon substrate was examined. Al 2p and Si 2p primary photoelectrons as well as O KVV Auger electrons were used for image formation. Contrast reversal between the the Si and SiO2 areas was observed in images formed from Si 2p and oxide-shifted Si 2p photoelectrons. The soft x-ray undulator at the NSLS provides coherent illumination of a zone plate to produce the microprobe. The sample is mechanically scanned through the beam allowing the formation of images from photoelectrons detected by a single-pass cylindrical mirror analyzer, or a more complete spectroscopic examination of a selected area of the sample.
Model learning (2017)

Model learning emerges as an effective method for black-box state machine models of hardware and software components.
Electrolytic Reduction of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids. II. Electrolytic Reduction of Cinnamic Acid (1953)

Abstract The electrolytic reduction of cinnamic acid at a Pb, a Hg, a Hg-Zn or a Pt-Pt cathode in acid solution was studied. It was found that the formation of bimolecular compounds depended on the nature of cathode materials and the condition of the reduction. It was confirmed that the γ-phenylpropyl alcohol could not be produced by the electrolytic reduction of cinnamic acid. It was found that the reduction of cinnamic acid at a Pt-Pt cathode gave cyclohexyl propionic acid. The effect of high pressure of hydrogen in the course of reduction was discussed.
ESR dosimetry of teeth of residents close to Chernobyl reactor accident. (1990)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: electron spin resonancedosimetryradiation dosestooth enamelradiation effectsChernobyl reactorsreactor accidentshydroxyapatiteradiation defect
An optical curvature sensor for flexible manipulators (2013)

Flexible manipulators have promising applications in minimally invasive surgery as it allows the surgical tools reach targets which are prohibited by conventional rigid surgical instrument. However one of the technical difficulties of implementing the flexible manipulator is to measure the bending curvature. This paper proposes the design of a novel optical sensor for measuring the bending curvature of a flexible manipulator based on light intensity modulation. The sensor is low cost and is temperature independent. A theoretical model of using the sensor design to deduce the curvature of a flexible robot has been created. Implementing the proposed theoretical model, the developed sensor has been used to measure the bend of a section of a flexible segment. Validation tests have been carried out; the results demonstrate that the developed sensor has good accuracy in measuring the bending angles, the orientation of the bending and the bending radius.