gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins in normal and neoplastic lymph nodes. (1994)

The Bcl-2 protein blocks programmed cell death and becomes overproduced in many follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas as the result of t(14; 18) translocations involving the Bcl-2 gene. Mcl-1 is a recently discovered gene whose encoded protein has significant homology with Bcl-2 but whose function remains unknown. In this study, we compared the in vivo patterns of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein production in normal and neoplastic lymph node biopsies by immunohistochemical means using specific polyclonal antisera. Intracellular Mcl-1 immunoreactivity was located primarily in the cytosol in a punctate pattern and was also seen in association with the nuclear envelope in many cases, similar to the results obtained for Bcl-2, which resides in the outer mitochondrial membrane, nuclear envelope, and endoplasmic reticulum. In 4 of 4 reactive tonsils and 28 of 28 nodes with reactive follicular hyperplasia, reciprocal patterns of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 protein expression were observed. Bcl-2 immunostaining was highest in mantle zone lymphocytes and absent from most germinal center cells, whereas Mcl-1 immunoreactivity was highest in germinal center lymphocytes and absent from mantle zone lymphocytes. Mcl-1 was also expressed in some interfollicular lymphocytes, particularly those that had the appearance of activated lymphocytes. Similar to the patterns of Bcl-2 and mcl-1 expression seen in reactive nodes, Mcl-1 protein was largely absent from the malignant cells in 2 of 2 mantle cell lymphomas, whereas strong Bcl-2 immunostaining was found in these cells. In contrast to normal nodes, however, the neoplastic follicles of t(14;18) containing follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas immunostained positively for both Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 in 24 of 27 cases. Intense immunostaining for Mcl-1 was also observed in Reed-Sternberg cells in 2 of 2 cases of Hodgkin's disease but Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was present at much lower levels. These findings demonstrate that the levels of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins are differentially regulated in normal and neoplastic cells in lymph nodes and thus suggest different roles for these proteins in the control of cell life and death in these tissues.
Rethinking Energy-Performance Trade-Off in Mobile Web Page Loading (2015)

Web browsing is a key application on mobile devices. However, mobile browsers are largely optimized for performance, imposing a significant burden on power-hungry mobile devices. In this work, we aim to reduce the energy consumed to load web pages on smartphones, preferably without increasing page load time and compromising user experience. To this end, we first study the internals of web page loading on smartphones and identify its energy-inefficient behaviors. Based on our findings, we then derive general design principles for energy-efficient web page loading, and apply these principles to the open-source Chromium browser and implement our techniques on commercial smartphones. Experimental results show that our techniques are able to achieve a 24.4% average system energy saving for Chromium on a latest-generation big.LITTLE smartphone using WiFi (a 22.5% saving when using 3G), while not increasing average page load time. We also show that our proposed techniques can bring a 10.5% system energy saving on average with a small 1.69\% increase in page load time for mobile Firefox web browser. User study results indicate that such a small increase in page load time is hardly perceivable.
A Current View of Functional Biomaterials for Wound Care, Molecular and Cellular Therapies (2015)

The intricate process of wound healing involves activation of biological pathways that work in concert to regenerate a tissue microenvironment consisting of cells and external cellular matrix (ECM) with enzymes, cytokines, and growth factors. Distinct stages characterize the mammalian response to tissue injury: hemostasis, inflammation, new tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. Hemostasis and inflammation start right after the injury, while the formation of new tissue, along with migration and proliferation of cells within the wound site, occurs during the first week to ten days after the injury. In this review paper, we discuss approaches in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to address each of these processes through the application of biomaterials, either as support to the native microenvironment or as delivery vehicles for functional hemostatic, antibacterial, or anti-inflammatory agents. Molecular therapies are also discussed with particular attention to drug delivery methods and gene therapies. Finally, cellular treatments are reviewed, and an outlook on the future of drug delivery and wound care biomaterials is provided.
Regulation of Corepressor Function by Nuclear NADH (2002)

The corepressor CtBP (carboxyl-terminal binding protein) is involved in transcriptional pathways important for development, cell cycle regulation, and transformation. We demonstrate that CtBP binding to cellular and viral transcriptional repressors is regulated by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADH, with NADH being two to three orders of magnitude more effective. Levels of free nuclear nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, determined using two-photon microscopy, correspond to the levels required for half-maximal CtBP binding and are considerably lower than those previously reported. Agents capable of increasing NADH levels stimulate CtBP binding to its partners in vivo and potentiate CtBP-mediated repression. We propose that this ability to detect changes in nuclear NAD+/NADH ratio allows CtBP to serve as a redox sensor for transcription.
Pain extent and diagnosis: development and validation of the regional pain scale in 12,799 patients with rheumatic disease. (2003)

The RPS is a valid scale of pain extent. It can be useful to identify patients with FM or can be used to develop a new definition of FM, even among patients with concomitant illnesses such as RA and OA. In addition, it is a measure of pain extent that is disease independent, and works as well in RA and OA as in FM to identify patients with increased severity and resource utilization.
An imaging interferometer for satellite observations of wind and temperature on Mars, the Dynamic Atmosphere Mars Observer (DYNAMO) (2003)

To date there have not been any direct measurements of winds in the Martian atmosphere. Measurements such as these are needed in order to understand the nature of the circulation and the transport of constituents in the atmosphere of this planet. In this paper, a conceptual design for a small visible/near-IR imaging interferometer capable of fulfilling this need is described. The design is based on a similar successful instrument, the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), which flew in Earth orbit. The basic measurement set includes Doppler shifts (from which wind is derived), rotational temperatures, line widths and radiances of isolated lines in the O<sub>2</sub>(α<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) band airglow and O(<sup>1</sup>S) airglow emission. The design challenges which were met in converting an instrument designed for terrestrial applications to one capable of flying to Mars and operating in conditions there include reducing the mass and power requirements and adapting the instrument to appropriate data rate and S/N requirements. The resulting instrument has a mass of approximately 15 kg, requires on average, 10 Watts of power and has a data rate of 32Mbits/day. In this paper the design of this instrument and how it accommodates the particular requirements of a Mars mission are described.
Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification (1970)

Classification of the Solvents. Physical Properties: Discussion of Properties and Criteria for Their Selection. Physical Properties: Tabulations. Criteria of Purity. Drying and Determination of Water. Purification Methods. Bibliography. Index.
Luminescence properties of undoped LiBaAlF<sub>6</sub>single crystals (2010)

This paper presents the results of the study of electronic excitations in undoped LiBaAlF(6) single crystals by means of luminescence spectroscopy and complimentary optical methods. The intrinsic emission at 4.2 eV due to self-trapped excitons was identified. The fast nanosecond defect-related luminescence was revealed at 3.0 eV. Both emissions degrade under electron beam irradiation, the most probable reason of which is defect creation introducing an additional non-radiative relaxation channel prohibiting energy transfer to luminescence centers. These defects can be recovered and luminescence intensity restored at higher temperatures (>200 K). The permanent damage by electron beam irradiation results only in overall growth of the absorption coefficient in the whole 1.5-6.5 eV spectral region studied. The analysis of thermally stimulated luminescence glow curves in the temperature range of 5-410 K revealed two shallow charge carrier traps with the activation energies of 0.22 and 0.33 eV, respectively. The luminescence of an impurity peaked at 2.5 eV was found and tentatively assigned to an oxygen-related emission center.
Nonlinear finite-difference time-domain modeling of linear and nonlinear corrugated waveguides (1994)

A multidimensional, nonlinear finite-difference time-domain (NL-FDTD) simulator, which is constructed from a self-consistent solution of the full-wave vector Maxwell equations and dispersive (Lorentz), nonlinear (finite-time-response Raman and instantaneous Kerr) materials models, is used to study finite-length, corrugated, optical waveguide output couplers and beam steerers. Multiple-cycle, ultrashort-optical-pulse interactions with these corrugated, nonlinear, dispersive waveguides are characterized. An all-optical nonlinear beam-steering device is designed, and its output-coupling performance is characterized with this NL-FDTD simulator.
Use of Au/Te/Ni films for ohmic contact to GaAs (1983)

Ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs are usually fabricated by alloying AuGe/Ni films on GaAs. Ge acts as a donor to GaAs for fabrication of the ohmic contact. In an attempt to replace Ge, which is an amphoteric impurity, with a group VI element to improve on the ohmic contact resistivity, experiments were done with AuTe and AuTe/Ni contacts. A very low resistivity of ∼5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> Ω.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was obtained by alloying 1700 Å of AuTe film with 300 Å of nickel on top at 510°C. This is the lowest contact resistivity obtained with any material other than AuGe/Ni on n-type GaAs.
<title>Silicon integrated optic devices and micromechanical sensors based on ARROW</title> (1996)

We review the design and fabrication considerations of the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (AR-ROW), including materials selection for IC and MEMS compatibility, and present a variety of IO devices and sensors based on the ARROW which we have developed, along with pertinent CAD tools. Examples presented include: directional couplers, thermo- optic modulators, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), including micromachined MZIs for detection of mechanical signals.
Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma in Homosexual Men (1982)

Nineteen cases from an epidemic of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men were studied by clinical, virologic, immunologic, and genetic methods. The patients were all male homosexuals ranging in age from 29 to 52 years, with histories of multiple sexually transmitted diseases and exposure to both prescription and recreational drugs. Sites of disease included skin (16 of 19 patients), lymph nodes (13 patients), gastrointestinal tract (12 patients), spleen (three patients), and lung (one patient). Most patients had elevated levels of serum immunoglobins, positive antibody titers to hepatitis A and B virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, and impairment of cell-mediated immunologic reactions. The frequency of HLA-DR5 in these patients was significantly elevated. Two of the 19 patients died. Although the precise cause of this epidemic is unknown, it is likely that a genetic predisposition, an acquired immunoregulatory defect, and one or more infectious agents and drugs may be involved.
Interaction of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection and Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs in Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers (2010)

Duodenal ulcer is more closely related to H. pylori infection than GU in NSAID users. H. pylori eradication is recommended for primary prevention of GU and DU in patients requiring NSAID therapy. PPI therapy is mandatory for secondary prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers, and appears to further reduce the risk of ulcer relapse in the presence of H. pylori.
<title>10,240 pixel Focal Plane With Five Butted 2,048 x 96 element TDI CCDs</title> (1979)

Itek Corporation and Bell-Northern Research, Ltd. report here on the development of a 10,240 X 96 pixel CCD imaging focal plane for reconnaissance purposes. The focal plane is assembled using hybrid techniques from five 2,048 x 96 element CCDs. These chips have pixels on 13 micrometer centers and operate in the TDI mode in the 96 element direction. Design and performance data are presented.
IDL: sharing intermediate representations (1987)

IDL (Interface Description Language) is a practical and useful tool for controlling the exchange of structured data between different components of a large system. IDL is a notation for describing collections of programs and the data structures through which they communicate. Using IDL, a designer gives abstract descriptions of data structures, together with representation specifications that specialize the abstract structures for particular programs. A tool, the IDL translator, generates readers and writers that map between concrete internal representations and abstract exchange representations.
STUDIES ON BRAIN BIOPSIES OF PATIENTS WITH HUNTINGTONʼS CHOREA (1974)

Frontal cortex brain biopsies of four patients with Huntington's chorea were studied by histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. The changes observed were evaluated in regard to the age of the patients and stage of the disease process. One of the most outstanding features was the large and generalized accumulation of lipofuscin in neurons and glial cells. This increase in lipofusein was detectable in paraffin sections, but was most striking in frozen section examined for fluorescence and in acid-phosphatase preparations. Preliminary extractions of lipofusein demonstrated a higher content of the pigment in Huntington's chorea than in age-matched control brains. The glial lipofusein was associated with very high acid-phosphatase activity, which was found to be localized in the dense component of the granule. At the fine structural level, neurons evidenced several abnormalities including proliferation of Golgi membranes and Golgi-associated vesicles, disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum with shedding of membrane-bound ribosomes; abnormally dense mitochondria with sparse cristae, occasionally containing crystalline fibrillar arrays within the matrix; abnormal nuclei with chromatin condensed in numerous dense granules and with increased porosity of the nuclear membrane. Increased numbers of microglial cells in the neuropil and ear vessels, often containing remnants of neuronal cytoplasm with lipofuscin, suggest that active removal of irreversibly damaged neurons by phagocytosis is taking place. Astrocytes were proliferated and hypertrophic with a fair increase in glial filaments. They contained large quantities of lipopigment granules in their cell bodies and their processes. Neuronal death and axonal and synaptic degeneration account for the atrophy of the frontal cortex. The abnormalities found were present in all cases, and were of increasing severity with more prolonged disease.
Self-Optimizing Metamaterial Antennas (2014)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2014
Air Entrainment in the Presence of Superplasticizers (1983)

Air-entrained and plain mortar specimens (cement-sand ratio = 1:3, water-cement ratio = 0.65) were prepared using a modified sulfonated polymer, a naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate, or a sulfonated melamine formaldehyde admixture at two levels of concentration. The air-void system determined by the linear traverse method, the pore size distribution obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry, and frost resistance assessed by alternate freezing and thawing were compared with those of control mixes containing no superplasticizer. A large pore volume (approximately equal to 0.3 to 2 mu m) in the presence of an air-entraining admixture is assumed to be responsible for the improved frost resistance of cement paste. Superplasticizers eliminate large air voids visible under the microscope but do not significantly interfere with the action of air- entraining admixtures in the formation of small pores.
Cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase regulates endogenous nitric oxide availability in respiring cells: A possible explanation for hypoxic vasodilation (2007)

One of the many routes proposed for the cellular inactivation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is by the cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We have studied this possibility in human embryonic kidney cells engineered to generate controlled amounts of NO. We have used visible light spectroscopy to monitor continuously the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase in an oxygen-tight chamber, at the same time as which we measure cell respiration and the concentrations of oxygen and NO. Pharmacological manipulation of cytochrome c oxidase indicates that this enzyme, when it is in turnover and in its oxidized state, inactivates physiological amounts of NO, thus regulating its intra- and extracellular concentrations. This inactivation is prevented by blocking the enzyme with inhibitors, including NO. Furthermore, when cells generating low concentrations of NO respire toward hypoxia, the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase changes from oxidized to reduced, leading to a decrease in NO inactivation. The resultant increase in NO concentration could explain hypoxic vasodilation.
Characterization of the cardiac response to Vagal Nerve Stimulation (2005)

The heart is strongly innervated by the autonomic nervous system and the vagus nerve has a very powerful control on the cardiac performance. Electrical stimulation of the X nerve offers some degree of control over the heart rate and may have beneficial effects after a myocardial infarction. In this paper, results of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in two animal experiments are presented. Many different combinations of VNS parameters were studied, in order to improve our understanding on the cardiac effects of VNS, particularly when used in combination with an external closed loop control system. The major findings are the evidence of significant changes in the VNS effect on intact or severed nerves and the similarity of the results but difference of side-effects obtained through two very different types of electrodes
JOE: a mobile, inverted pendulum (2002)

The Industrial Electronics Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, has built a prototype of a revolutionary two-wheeled vehicle. Due to its configuration with two coaxial wheels, each of which is coupled to a DC motor, the vehicle is able to do stationary U-turns. A control system, made up of two decoupled state-space controllers, pilots the motors so as to keep the system in equilibrium.
Felodipine: A New Dihydropyridine Calcium-Channel Antagonist (1991)

Felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel antagonist, significantly reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension and has been associated with beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris or congestive heart failure (CHF). In hypertensive patients, felodipine does not appear to significantly affect glomerular filtration rate, creatinine clearance, glucose tolerance, or plasma lipoprotein concentrations. Studies comparing felodipine with other agents as monotherapy in mild to moderate hypertension have demonstrated felodipine to be at least as efficacious as hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and HCTZ plus amiloride hydrochloride in combination. Comparisons of felodipine with other agents as adjuncts to beta-blocker or diuretic therapy have shown felodipine to be at least as effective as HCTZ, propranolol hydrochloride, prazosin hydrochloride, and nifedipine. Evaluations of patients with chronic stable angina are limited, and additional studies are needed before felodipine can be recommended for the routine management of angina pectoris. Similarly, additional studies are essential to delineate the role of felodipine, if any, in the management of CHF. In the management of hypertension, felodipine 5-40 mg/d significantly reduces systolic and diastolic BP. Although some patients may be controlled throughout the entire dosing interval when felodipine is administered bid, many patients will require more frequent dosing to obtain adequate BP control. Adverse effects associated with felodipine are similar to those of other dihydropyridine calcium-channel antagonists and include peripheral edema, headache, dizziness, flushing, and fatigue. A potentially clinically important drug interaction was observed when felodipine was administered concomitantly with theophylline aminopropanol; significant decreases in theophylline concentrations were noted. In summary, felodipine appears to be safe and effective for the management of hypertension when used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. The efficacy of felodipine in the management of chronic stable angina pectoris and CHF requires further investigation.
FreezeFrac Improves the Productivity of Gas Shales (2013)

Abstract With rapid depletion of conventional petroleum supplies and due to energy security concerns, the world is increasingly turning its attention to unconventional hydrocarbon reservers such as oil shales, gas shales, tight gas sands, coalbed methane, and gas hydrates. Despite the abundant unconventional reservers, the production is still hindered by many obstacles including lack of technology and knowledge of the physics of flow in tight porous media. Flowing the tightly-locked hydrocarbon to the well in such formations, unlike the conventionals, requires a large number of inter-connecting pathways for flow. The existing in-situ cracks in rock have to be connected in order for the hydrocarbon to flow into the wellbore. In this paper we go over the basic mechanisms of rock fracture in micro and Macro levels and then study the two parameters whose variations could reduce the effective stress and lead to rock fracturing. We then discuss the effect of inhomogeneity on the fracture load and show that the dominant load for thermal fracturing is the tensile stress. There are three governing equations of stress, heat transfer, and flow which should be solved in a coupled fashion, for which we are using the finite element software packages. Assuming that thermal cracks increase the permeability of rock in the near wellbore zone by 10-10,000 times, we show the impact of rock stimulation by thermal shock on cumulative production of gas from a sample case of a wellbore placed in a tight formation. The improved recovery for the sample case is 16%.
Crocetin‐dialdehyde from <i>Coleus forskohlii</i> B<scp>RIQ</scp>., <i>Labiatae</i> (1979)

Abstract Aus den Wurzeln der im Titel genannten Labiate wurde Crocetin‐dialdehyd (8,8′‐ Diapo ‐carotin‐8,8′‐dial) (1) , C 20 H 24 O 2 , isoliert. Chromatographisch wurde diese Verbindung auch in den oberirdischen Teilen dieser Pflanze nachgewiesen.