gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of robotic sensor streams using non-parametric statistics (2005)

We extend our previous work on a classification algorithm for time series. Given time series produced by different underlying generating processes, the algorithm predicts future time series values based on past time series values for each generator. Unlike many algorithms, this algorithm predicts a distribution over future values. This prediction forms the basis for labelling part of a time series with the underlying generator that created it given some labelled exam piles. The algorithm is robust to a wide variety of possible types of changes in signals including mean shifts, amplitude changes, noise changes, period changes, and changes in signal shape. We improve upon the speed of our previous approach and show the utility of the algorithm for discriminating between different states of the robot/environment from robotic sensor signals.
Mechanism of polarization of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> surface protein ActA (2006)

The polar distribution of the ActA protein on the surface of the Gram-positive intracellular bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, is required for bacterial actin-based motility and successful infection. ActA spans both the bacterial membrane and the peptidoglycan cell wall. We have directly examined the de novo ActA polarization process in vitro by using an ActA-RFP (red fluorescent protein) fusion. After induction of expression, ActA initially appeared at distinct sites along the sides of bacteria and was then redistributed over the entire cylindrical cell body through helical cell wall growth. The accumulation of ActA at the bacterial poles displayed slower kinetics, occurring over several bacterial generations. ActA accumulated more efficiently at younger, less inert poles, and proper polarization required an optimal balance between protein secretion and bacterial growth rates. Within infected host cells, younger generations of L. monocytogenes initiated motility more quickly than older ones, consistent with our in vitro observations of de novo ActA polarization. We propose a model in which the polarization of ActA, and possibly other Gram-positive cell wall-associated proteins, may be a direct consequence of the differential cell wall growth rates along the bacterium and dependent on the relative rates of protein secretion, protein degradation and bacterial growth.
Comparison of two effervescent agents for double-contrast upper gastrointestinal tract radiography. (1985)

We prospectively evaluated the efficacy in 100 patients of two effervescent contrast agents commonly used in routine double-contrast upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract examinations: Baros and E-Z-Gas II granules. The study was double blinded. Two radiologists, who were not aware of which effervescent agent was being used, objectively evaluated the radiographic studies. Patient ease in swallowing and acceptance of the effervescent granules was 94% for Baros and 68% for E-Z-Gas II granules. The objective evaluation of the radiographs showed adequate gastric distension (Baros, 94%; E-Z-Gas II, 90%) and adequate to excellent mucosal coating for both agents (Baros, 92%, E-Z-Gas II, 94%). Areae gastricae were better seen with Baros (64% vs. 30%), and air bubbles were less of a problem with Baros. We conclude that Baros effervescent granules have certain distinct advantages over E-Z-Gas II granules regarding patient tolerance and acceptance, better visualization of the areae gastricae, and less degradation of the quality of the radiographs by air bubbles. The differences in mucosal coatings for the two agents was insignificant.
Recent developments for smoking cessation and treatment of nicotine dependence (2007)

Nicotine is an addictive drug like heroin, amphetamine or cocaine. Addiction to tobacco leads to significant failure rates in programmes for smoking cessation. The α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and CB1 cannabinoid receptors play an important role in nicotine addiction.
3D imaging LADAR with linear array devices: laser, detector and ROIC (2009)

This paper introduces the recent development of 3D imaging LADAR (LAser Detection And Ranging) in Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. The system consists of in-house-made key devices which are linear array: the laser, the detector and the ROIC (Read-Out Integrated Circuit). The laser transmitter is the high power and compact planar waveguide array laser at the wavelength of 1.5 micron. The detector array consists of the low excess noise Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) using the InAlAs multiplication layer. The analog ROIC array, which is fabricated in the SiGe- BiCMOS process, includes the Trans-Impedance Amplifiers (TIA), the peak intensity detectors, the Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detectors, and the multiplexers for read-out. This device has the feature in its detection ability for the small signal by optimizing the peak intensity detection circuit. By combining these devices with the one dimensional fast scanner, the real-time 3D range image can be obtained. After the explanations about the key devices, some 3D imaging results are demonstrated using the single element key devices. The imaging using the developed array devices is planned in the near future.
Antimicrobial Activity of Organically Modified Nano-Clays (2008)

Antimicrobial activity of three kinds of commercially available montmorillonite nano-clays including a naturally occurring one (Cloisite Na+) and two organically modified ones (Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B) against four representative pathogenic bacteria (two Gram-positive ones such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and two Gram-negative ones such as Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7) was investigated. Antimicrobial activity was found to be dependent on the type of nano-clay and microorganisms tested. Among the nano-clays tested, Cloisite 30B showed the highest antibacterial activity followed by Cloisite 20A, however, the unmodified montmorillonite (Cloisite Na+) did not show any antibacterial activity. Especially, Cloisite 30B inactivated Gram-positive bacteria completely within an hour of incubation and inactivated Gram-negative bacteria by more than 2-3 log cycles after 8 hours incubation. SEM and TEM images of cell structure indicated that the organically modified nano-clay caused rupture of cell membrane and inactivation of the bacteria. This finding of antimicrobial activity of the organo-clay would open a new opportunity to develop polymer nanocomposites with additional functionality, i.e., antimicrobial function.
Design and Experiment of PZT Network-based Structural Health Monitoring Scanning System (2009)

The active Lamb wave and piezoelectric transducer (PZT)-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technology is a kind of efficient approach to estimate the health state of aircraft structure. In practical applications, PZT networks are needed to monitor large scale structures. Scanning many of the different PZT actuator-sensor channels within these PZT networks to achieve on-line SHM task is important. Based on a peripheral component interconnect extensions for instrumentation (PXI) platform, an active Lamb wave and PZT network-based integrated multi-channel scanning system (PXI-ISS) is developed for the purpose of practical applications of SHM, which is compact and portable, and can scan large numbers of actuator-sensor channels and perform damage assessing automatically. A PXI-based 4 channels gain-programmable charge amplifier, an external scanning module with 276 actuator-sensor channels and integrated SHM software are proposed and discussed in detail. The experimental research on a carbon fiber composite wing box of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for verifying the functions of the PXI-ISS is mainly discussed, including the design of PZTs layer, the method of excitation frequency selection, functional test of damage imaging, stability test of the PXI-ISS, and the loading effect on signals. The experimental results have verified the stability and damage functions of this system.
The Ionic Conductivity of Fluorite‐Structured Solid Solutions of Composition:  MF 2 :  UF 4 : CeF3    (  M  = Ca , Sr , Ba ) (1979)

The ionic conductivity of single crystals of the fluorite‐structured solid solutions where constitutes the predominant dopant has been studied as a function of temperature in the region 300°–550°K. The ionic conductivity of these solid solutions increases superlinearly upon doping, while simultaneously the conductivity activation enthalpy decreases. These results are in line with literature data on fluoride‐conducting solid solutions based on and with trivalent cation dopants. The increase of the conductivity in all these solid solutions is accounted for by an increase of the mobility of the mobile species due to interactions with defect clusters which are present in this concentration regime. It is shown that lattice relaxations in close proximity to the clusters lead to a distribution of activation enthalpies for fluoride‐ion motion via the interstitialcy mechanism. The shape of the distribution function and its dependence on the dopant concentration has been estimated on the basis of a simple model. The results are in line with the experimental data. In addition it is shown that the fluorite lattice with defect clusters can accommodate some maximum number of mobile interstitial fluoride ions.
An Electronic Heartbeat Simulator and a Cardiac Tachometer (1958)

The procedure for obtaining an artificial heartbeat with the use of multivibrator techniques is described. The chief feature of this design is the use of well-known circuitry to produce, 1) three pulses of variable amplitude and relatively long periods, and 2) variable time delays between the pulses of up to 0.5 second. Also described is the circuit for a cardiac tachometer with two linear scales, the ranges of which are 0 to 75 and 0 to 180 beats per minute, a response time from zero to full scale (10 seconds), and an accuracy of better than 2 per cent.
Estimating Linear Restrictions on Regression Coefficients for Multivariate Normal Distributions (1951)

In this paper linear restrictions on regression coefficients are studied. Let the $p \times q_2$ matrix of coefficients of regression of the $p$ dependent variates on $q_2$ of the independent variates be $\mathbf{\bar B}_2$. Maximum likelihood estimates of an $m \times p$ matrix $\Gamma$ satisfying $\Gamma'\mathbf{\bar B}_2 = 0$ and certain other conditions are found under the assumption that the rank of $\mathbf{\bar B}_2$ is $p - m$ and the dependent variates are normally distributed (Section 2). Confidence regions for $\Gamma$ under various conditions are obtained (Section 5). The likelihood ratio test of the hypothesis that the rank of $\mathbf{\bar B}_2$ is a given number is obtained (Section 3). A test of the hypothesis that $\Gamma$ is a certain matrix is given (Section 4). These results are applied to the "$q$-sample problem" (Section 7) and are extended for certain econometric models (Section 6).
Treatment with Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 During Reperfusion Decreases Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Hearts (2008)

Myocardial infarctions are much more prevalent and severe in diabetic patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the excess injury are not well understood. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin with pleiotrophic effects, and is deficient in type 2 diabetes. GLP‐1 has been found to have cardioprotective properties in non‐diabetic hearts undergoing ischemia and reperfusion. We tested the hypothesis that GLP‐1, given in‐ vivo during the reperfusion period after myocardial ischemia, decreases infarct size in diabetic rats. Male Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, 11–13 weeks of age, (n = 5), were anesthetized and subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia (LAD occlusion). Recombinant human GLP‐1 (30 pmol/kg/min; Sigma‐Aldrich) was infused IV for 2 hours of reperfusion. Age‐matched ZDF rats (n = 7) were subjected to the same experimental protocol, but treated with vehicle. Left ventricular infarct size (stained with TTC) within the risk zone (stained with Trypan blue), was determined and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (I/AAR%). GLP‐1 treatment caused a significant decrease in LV infarct size in the ZDF animals (Untreated: 41% ± 7.9%; Treated: 9.6% ± 4.4%, p< 0.05). These findings suggest that treatment with GLP‐1 provides myocardial protection from I/R injury, even when given after the ischemic event. Supported by the University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center, NIH HL58859 and NIH HL07249.
CD11/CD18 and CD14 Share a Common Lipid A Signaling Pathway (1998)

The activation of phagocytes by the lipid A moiety of LPS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative sepsis. While two LPS receptors, CD14 and CD11/CD18, have been associated with cell signaling, details of the LPS signal transduction cascade remain obscure. CD14, which exists as a GPI-anchored and a soluble protein, lacks cytoplasmic-signaling domains, suggesting that an ancillary molecule is required to activate cells. The CD11/CD18 integrins are transmembrane proteins. Like CD14, they are capable of mediating LPS-induced cellular activation when expressed on the surface of hamster fibroblasts Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1. The observation that a cytoplasmic deletion mutant is still capable of activating transfected CHO-K1 argues that CD11/CD18 also utilizes an associated signal transducer. We sought to identify further similarities between the signaling systems utilized by CD14 and CD11/CD18. LPS-binding protein, which transfers LPS to CD14, enhanced both LPS-induced cellular activation and binding of Gram-negative bacteria in CD11/CD18-transfected CHO-K1, thus implying that LPS-binding protein can also transfer LPS to CD11/CD18. When synthetic lipid A analogues were analyzed for their ability to function as LPS agonists, or antagonists, in the CHO transfectants, we found the effects were identical regardless of which LPS receptor was expressed. This supports the hypothesis that a receptor distinct from CD14 and CD11/CD18 is responsible for discriminating between the lipid A of LPS and the LPS antagonists. We propose that this receptor, which is the target of the LPS antagonists, functions as the true signal transducer in LPS-induced cellular activation for both CD14 and CD11/CD18.
Polymer-Coated, Tapered Cylindrical ATR Elements for Sensitive Detection of Organic Solutes in Water (1995)

Commercially available tapered chalcogenide fibers have been coated with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized with 47% (w/w) chloroparaffin containing 60% Cl by weight. The coating procedure involves applying a drop of a solution containing PVC and the plasticizer in tetrahydrofuran along the fiber while allowing the solvent to evaporate. The coated fibers were exposed to 0.15% (v/v) benzene in water (1479-cm −1 band), 0.40% (v/v) chloroform in water (1216-cm −1 ), and 0.10% (v/v) nitrobenzene in 1.5% (w/v) methanol/water (1348-cm −1 ). All three organic solutes gave readily detectable signals with the coated fibers but were not observable when the aqueous solution was sampled with the use of an uncoated, tapered fiber. Detection limits for benzene, chloroform, and nitrobenzene were calculated to be 0.02%, 0.11%, and 0.006% by volume, respectively. These data show that the advantage of using a polymer coating to concentrate the analyte and reduce the water background may be combined with the advantages of using a tapered optical fiber to yield a sensitive method for detecting nonpolar organic solutes in water.
Thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic cells from solution-based precursor layers (1999)

We have fabricated 15.4% and 12.4% efficient thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS)-based photovoltaic devices from solution-based electrodeposited (ED) and electroless-deposited (EL) precursors. As-deposited precursors are Cu-rich CIGS. Additional In, Ga, and Se are added to the ED and EL precursor films by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to adjust the final semiconductor film composition to CuIn1−xGaxSe2. The ED and EL device parameters are compared with those of a 17.7% PVD device. The tools used for comparison are current voltage, capacitance voltage, and spectral response characteristics.
Economic Threshold for Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (2007)

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), reached damaging levels in 2003 and 2005 in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, in most northern U.S. states and Canadian provinces, and it has become one of the most important pests of soybean throughout the North Central region. A common experimental protocol was adopted by participants in six states who provided data from 19 yield-loss experiments conducted over a 3-yr period. Population doubling times for field populations of soybean aphid averaged 6.8 d +/- 0.8 d (mean +/- SEM). The average economic threshold (ET) over all control costs, market values, and yield was 273 +/- 38 (mean +/- 95% confidence interval [CI], range 111-567) aphids per plant. This ET provides a 7-d lead time before aphid populations are expected to exceed the economic injury level (EIL) of 674 +/- 95 (mean +/- 95% CI, range 275-1,399) aphids per plant. Peak aphid density in 18 of the 19 location-years occurred during soybean growth stages R3 (beginning pod formation) to R5 (full size pod) with a single data set having aphid populations peaking at R6 (full size green seed). The ET developed here is strongly supported through soybean growth stage R5. Setting an ET at lower aphid densities increases the risk to producers by treating an aphid population that is growing too slowly to exceed the EIL in 7 d, eliminates generalist predators, and exposes a larger portion of the soybean aphid population to selection by insecticides, which could lead to development of insecticide resistance.
Recovery of an unknown axis of rotation from the profiles of a rotating surface (1994)

We consider a surface (semitransparent or opaque) in space, viewed by orthogonal projection to a view plane that is rotating uniformly about an unknown axis (equivalently, a surface rotating about an unknown axis and viewed by orthogonal projection to a fixed view plane). We consider profiles of this surface (also known as apparent contours, occluding contours, and outlines), and we do not track marked points or curves nor assume that a correspondence problem has been solved. We show that, provided the angular speed is known, the location of the axis, and hence the surface, can be recovered from measurements on the profiles over an interval of time. If the angular speed is unknown, then there is a one-parameter family of solutions similar to the bas-relief ambiguity. The results are obtained by use of frontier points on the surface, which can also be viewed as points of epipolar tangency. Results of a numerical experiment showed that the performance was best with larger extents of rotation or when the axis was nearly perpendicular to the view direction.
A simple plate-assay for the screening of l-malic acid producing microorganisms (1990)

A simple plate-assay has been developed to screen microorganisms for L-malic acid production. Acid producing organisms were identified, after microbial colony growth on media containing glucose or fumaric acid as sole carbons sources, by formation of a dark halo of formazan. The halo was observed when the plate was covered with a soft agar overlay containing NAD(+)-malate dehydrogenase, NAD+, phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The assay developed is simple, specific for L-malic acid and therefore can be used to identify L-malic acid producing filamentous fungi using glucose as carbon source (e.g. Aspergillus strains). The assay is also applicable for screening bacteria with high fumarase activity, able to convert fumaric acid to L-malic acid.
INCREASED LEVEL OF POLYPLOIDY1, a Conserved Repressor of <i>CYCLINA2</i> Transcription, Controls Endoreduplication in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Endoreduplication is a type of cell cycle in which DNA replication continues without cell division. We have isolated several dominant mutants from Arabidopsis thaliana activation tagging lines by flow cytometry. One of the mutants, increased level of polyploidy1-1D (ilp1-1D), showed increased polyploidy in both light- and dark-grown hypocotyls. The corresponding gene of ilp1-1D encodes a protein homologous to the C-terminal region of mammalian GC binding factor. We demonstrate that this protein functions as a transcriptional repressor in vivo. The expression of all members of the CYCLINA2 (CYCA2) family was reduced in an ILP1 overexpressing line, and the mouse (Mus musculus) homolog of ILP1 repressed cyclin A2 expression in mouse NIH3T3 cells. T-DNA insertion mutants of ILP1 showed reduced polyploidy and upregulated all CYCA2 expression. Furthermore, loss of CYCA2;1 expression induces an increase in polyploidy in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that this protein regulates endoreduplication through control of CYCA2 expression in Arabidopsis.
Sun-induced veiling glare in dusty camera optics (2004)

The National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) is planning to send two Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) to Mars in 2003. Onboard these rovers will be a number of scientific and engineering cameras. Mars is a dusty place, so dust will accumulate on the front surface of the camera optics. When the sun shines on the dusty front surface, light will be scattered to the detector. This increases glare and reduces contrast. The rover lenses must work, even when the sun shines on the front element. Therefore, the veiling glare has been evalu- ated by experiments. We discuss these experiments and the results. © 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1635835) Subject terms: Mars; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Mars exploration rovers; cam- era; sun; veiling glare; dust; optics.
Cancer Cells Assemble and Align Gold Nanorods Conjugated to Antibodies to Produce Highly Enhanced, Sharp, and Polarized Surface Raman Spectra:  A Potential Cancer Diagnostic Marker (2007)

Human oral cancer cells are found to assemble and align gold nanorods conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibodies. Immnoconjugated gold nanorods and nanospheres were shown previously to exhibit strong Rayleigh (Mie) scattering useful for imaging. In the present letter, molecules near the nanorods on the cancer cells are found to give a Raman spectrum that is greatly enhanced (due to the high surface plasmon field of the nanorod assembly in which their extended surface plasmon fields overlap), sharp (due to a homogeneous environment), and polarized (due to anisotropic alignments). These observed properties can be used as diagnostic signatures for cancer cells.