gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fermented formula in pre-term infants: clinical tolerance, gut microbiota, down-regulation of faecal calprotectin and up-regulation of faecal secretory IgA (2011)

Intestinal bacterial colonisation in pre-term infants is delayed compared with full-term infants, leading to an increased risk of gastrointestinal disease. Modulation of colonisation through dietary supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics could decrease such a risk. The present study evaluated clinical tolerance, the effects on gut microbiota, and inflammatory and immunological mucosal responses to an infant formula adapted for pre-term infants that included in its manufacturing process a fermentation step with two probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065, inactivated by heat at the end of the process. A total of fifty-eight infants (gestational age: 30-35 weeks), fed either the fermented pre-term formula or a standard pre-term formula, were followed up during their hospital stay. Clinical tolerance, faecal microbiota using a culture and a culture-independent method (temporal temperature gel electrophoresis), faecal calprotectin and secretory IgA were analysed weekly. No difference was observed regarding anthropometric data and digestive tolerance, except for abdominal distension, the incidence of which was lower in infants fed the fermented formula for 2 weeks. Bacterial colonisation was not modified by the type of feeding, particularly for bifidobacteria. Faecal calprotectin was significantly lower in infants fed the fermented formula for 2 weeks, and secretory IgA increased with both mother's milk and the fermented formula. The fermented formula was well tolerated and did not significantly modulate the bacterial colonisation but had benefits on inflammatory and immune markers, which might be related to some features of gastrointestinal tolerance.
DESIPRAMINE‐INDUCED Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐INDEPENDENT APOPTOSIS IN MG63 HUMAN OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS: DEPENDENCE ON P38 MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE‐REGULATED ACTIVATION OF CASPASE 3 (2008)

1. It has been shown that the antidepressant desipramine is able to induce increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell death in MG63 human osteosacroma cells, but whether apoptosis is involved is unclear. In the present study, the effect of desipramine on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms were explored. It was demonstrated that desipramine induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. 2. Cells treated with 100-800 mmol/L desipramine showed typical apoptotic features, including an increase in sub-diploid nuclei and activation of caspase 3, indicating that these cells underwent apoptosis. Immunoblotting revealed that 100 mmol/L desipramine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Although pretreatment of cells with 20 mmol/L PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) or 20 mmol/L SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK) did not inhibit cell death, the addition of 20 mmol/L SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) partially rescued cells from apoptosis. Desipramine-induced caspase 3 activation required p38 MAPK activation. 3. Pretreatment of cells with BAPTA/AM (20 mmol/L) to prevent desipramine-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) did not protect cells from death. 4. The results of the present study suggest that, in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells, desipramine causes Ca(2+)-independent apoptosis by inducing p38 MAPK-associated activation of caspase 3.
Integral attachment using snap‐fit features: a key to assembly automation. Part 5 ‐ a procedure to constrain parts fully and generate alternative attachment concepts (1998)

This fifth part of a comprehensive six‐part series of articles presents a systematic procedure for formalising the generation of alternative concepts for a particular design employing integral snap‐fit attachments. With the procedure, the alternatives generated are representative of the entire pertinent design space, since they include alternative attachment interface geometries, assembly procedures, attachment features, and constraint options for a particular application. The procedure is easy to use, effective and efficient, and results in a number of alternatives which are sufficient to represent the entire pertinent design space, but not so large as to preclude selection of a best concept using an optimisation method.
Radiographic Evaluation of Scoliosis: <i>Review</i> (2010)

Radiographic Evaluation of Scoliosis: ReviewDavid Malfair1, Anne K. Flemming1, Marcel F. Dvorak2, Peter L. Munk1, Alexandra T. Vertinsky1, Manraj K. Heran1 and Doug A. Graeb1Audio Available | Share
Prediction of the Coding Sequences of Unidentified Human Genes. XXII. The Complete Sequences of 50 New cDNA Clones Which Code for Large Proteins (2001)

As an extension of human cDNA projects for accumulating sequence information on the coding sequences of unidentified genes, we herein present the entire sequences of 50 cDNA clones, named KIAA1939-KIAA1988. cDNA clones to be entirely sequenced were selected by two approaches based on their protein-coding potentialities prior to sequencing: 10 cDNA clones were chosen because their encoding proteins had a molecular mass larger than 50 kDa in an in vitro transcription/translation system; the remaining 40 cDNA clones were selected because their putative proteins-as determined by analysis of the genomic sequences flanked by both the terminal sequences of cDNAs using the GENSCAN gene prediction program-were larger than 400 amino acid residues. According to the sequence data, the average sizes of the inserts and corresponding open reading frames of cDNA clones analyzed here were 4.6 kb and 1.9 kb (643 amino acid residues), respectively. From the results of homology and motif searches against the public databases, the functional categories of the 31 predicted gene products could be assigned; 25 of these predicted gene products (81%) were classified into proteins relating to cell signaling/communication, nucleic acid management, and cell structure/motility. The expression profiles of the genes were also studied in 10 human tissues, 8 brain regions, spinal cord, fetal brain and fetal liver by reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction, the products of which were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
From tracked two‐way reflection times to redatuming: An operator approach (2007)

The operator‐based approach for removing the signal distortions due to the complex near‐surface is well established. This approach allows redatuming to a reflector below the complexity without a need for estimating the underlying velocity model. The primary task in this approach involves estimating the one‐way focusing operators. This task has always been performed using the so called differential‐time‐shift gathers. In this paper, we present a new approach for estimating the focusing operators directly from tracked two‐way reflection times. This approach solves for the one‐way focusing operators that describe the two‐way reflection traveltimes with Fermat's principle being the constraint. This procedure does not use a velocity‐depth model, but relies on the internal consistency between the one‐way focusing operators for a dens grid of focal points along a target horizon. We demonstrate this approach using a real data example.
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty of Cardiac Fibroblasts by Adenoviral Delivery of <i>MyoD</i> Ex Vivo: An Unlimited Source of Cells for Myocardial Repair (2002)

Our work shows that it is possible to exploit the unique capacity of MyoD to activate myogenesis in fibroblasts ex vivo and to create a vast source of autologous myogenic cells for transplantation.
Integrated parallel image processings on a pipelined MIMD multi-processor system PSM (2002)

Efficient image processing from a low level to a higher level on a PSM system is described. PSM is a multiprocessor system architecture with pipelined multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) processors, shared memory, and a multistage interconnection network designed for high-speed parallel image processing. A parallel image processor, PSM-32, which is being constructed based on the PSM architecture, is discussed. To ensure total efficient instruction and data flows in the presence of the memory access delays commonly occurring on a multistage interconnection network machine, an architecture with a pipelined MIMD processor is proposed for the PSM system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A SNP Streak Model for the Identification of Genetic Regions Identical-by-descent (2008)

The availability of very dense genetic maps is changing in a fundamental way the methods used to identify the genetic basis of both rare and common inherited traits. The ability to directly compare the genomes of two related individuals and quickly identify those regions that are inherited identical-by-descent (IBD) from a recent common ancestor would be of utility in a wide range of genetic mapping methods. Here, we describe a simple method for using dense SNP maps to identify regions of the genome likely to be inherited IBD by family members. This method is based on identifying obligate recombination events and examining the pattern of distribution of such events along the genetic map. Specifically, we use the length of a consecutive set of biallelic markers that have a high probability of having avoided such obligate recombination events. This ;;SNP streak" is derived from subsets of samples within a pedigree and allows us to make statistical inferences about the ancestry of the region(s) containing stretches of markers with these properties. We show that the use of subsets of more than two samples has the advantage of identifying shorter shared subsegments as significant. This mitigates the effects of errors in SNP calls. We provide specific examples of microarray-based SNP data, using a family with a complex pedigree and with a rare form of inherited kidney disease, to illustrate this approach.
Bioavailability Index for Phosphorus Using Ion Exchange Resin Impregnated Membranes (1992)

Abstract Accurate measures of nutrient bioavailability are important in understanding nutrient cycles. Bioavailability is related to both the diffusion rate of the nutrient through the soil and nutrient solution concentration at any given time. The purpose of this work was to investigate the use of ion exchange resin impregnated membranes as a potential bioavailability measure. We propose that the ion sink membranes (IS) will integrate soil nutrient concentration and effective nutrient diffusion rates, resulting in a more complete measure of nutrient bioavailability. The IS are applied directly to the soil and recovered after fixed time intervals. The rate at which ions are adsorbed by the IS is directly related to c 2 D e , where c is the labile P concentration and D e is the effective diffusion coefficient. We refer to this value as the IS bioavailability index of a given nutrient. This index provides an integrated measure of ion diffusion, sorption‐desorption rates, and solution concentration. The resulting bioavailability index can then be correlated with plant nutrient uptake. The IS bioavailability index for P and Fe correlated well with P extracted by ammonium bicarbonate‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB‐DTPA) in saturated soils across a range of soil Fe and P concentrations. In addition, plant P uptake under saturated conditions correlated with the IS bioavailability index across a range of soil P concentrations.
Optimization of broadband microstrip patch antennas (2002)

A numerical optimisation scheme suitable for the automatic design of microstrip stacked patch antennas is presented. This technique is used to optimise the bandwidth of broadband, circular probe-fed stacked patch antennas. Resulting performance is comparable to that achieved manually by an expert designer requiring only hours of computation on a standard PC.
Formation of Lipid-Bilayer Nanodiscs by Diisobutylene/Maleic Acid (DIBMA) Copolymer (2017)

Membrane proteins usually need to be extracted from their native environment and separated from other membrane components for in-depth in vitro characterization. The use of styrene/maleic acid (SMA) copolymers to solubilize membrane proteins and their surrounding lipids into bilayer nanodiscs is an attractive approach toward this goal. We have recently shown that a diisobutylene/maleic acid (DIBMA) copolymer similarly solubilizes model and cellular membranes but, unlike SMA(3:1), has a mild impact on lipid acyl-chain order and thermotropic phase behavior. Here, we used fluorescence spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, size-exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and <sup>31</sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine the self-association of DIBMA and its membrane-solubilization properties against lipids differing in acyl-chain length and saturation. Although DIBMA is less hydrophobic than commonly used SMA(3:1) and SMA(2:1) copolymers, it efficiently formed lipid-bilayer nanodiscs that decreased in size with increasing polymer/lipid ratio while maintaining the overall thickness of the membrane. DIBMA fractions of different molar masses were similarly efficient in solubilizing a saturated lipid. Coulomb screening at elevated ionic strength or reduced charge density on the polymer at low pH enhanced the solubilization efficiency of DIBMA. The free-energy penalty for transferring phospholipids from vesicular bilayers into nanodiscs became more unfavorable with increasing acyl-chain length and unsaturation. Altogether, these findings provide a rational framework for using DIBMA in membrane-protein research by shedding light on the effects of polymer and lipid properties as well as experimental conditions on membrane solubilization.
Ovulation and Serum Luteinizing Hormone in the Cycling Rat Following Administration of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (1973)

The synthetic decapeptide, pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 (Gn-RH) was evaluated for induction of ovulation in the cycling rat. All injections of the decapeptide were made at 9:00 am. At the intravenous dose of 5 μg, Gn-RH induced ovulation only during proestrus in both the normal cycling and pentobarbital-blocked rat. Serum LH elevation following Gn-RH was greater at proestrus than at metestrus or diestrus-1, and least at diestrus-2. Peak serum levels of LH were, respectively 60.6, 33.5, 33.5, and 18.8 ng/ml NIH-LHS16. In the ovulating rat, serum LH elevations after Gn-RH were similar in magnitude and duration to the normal proestrous levels.
Miniaturized Resonator Using a Planar M�bius Strip Bisected Along the Circumferential Direction (2006)

In this work, a miniaturized printed resonator using a planar Mobius strip bisected along the circumferential direction is presented. The Mobius strip increases the circumferential length of the resonator with the same radius as that of the conventional ring resonator. This characteristic of the Mobius strip realizes miniaturizing the physical dimension of the resonator along with maintaining the same resonant frequency. This miniaturization is theoretically proved by using the Mobius topology. Moreover, in this paper, a novel configuration to create a resonator topology is introduced. The proposed topology proposes a possibility of the more miniaturized printed ring resonator. The proposed resonator can be applied for circuits requiring a low resonant frequency in systems that integrate MMIC and planar circuits. The proposed method for miniaturization can be applied to other circuitry such as antennas, oscillators, and filters
Frustrated Lewis pair-mediated C–O or C–H bond activation of ethers (2014)

Protocols for the FLP-mediated transformation of ethers are presented. Distinct reaction pathways involving either C-O or C-H bond activation occur depending on the application of oxophilic B(C6F5)3 or hydridophilic tritylium ions as the Lewis acid.
A Glial-Derived Protein, S100B, in Neonates and Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: Evidence for Preexisting Neurologic Injury (2002)

The glial-derived protein S100B is a serum marker of cerebral ischemia and correlates with negative neurological outcome after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in adults. We sought to characterize the S100B release pattern before and after CPB in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease and correlate it with surgical mortality. Serum was collected before surgery and at 24 postoperative h from 109 neonates and infants with congenital heart disease. All patients had presurgical transthoracic echocardiograms and CPB with or without hypothermic circulatory arrest. S100B concentrations were determined using a two-site immunoluminometric assay (Sangtec 100™). Thirty-day surgical mortality was observed. All neonates had significantly increased S100B concentrations before surgery that decreased by 24 postoperative h. Preoperative S100B concentrations in 32 neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome correlated inversely with the forward flow and size of the ascending aorta and postoperative mortality (r2 = −0.63;P = 0.03). Among infants, increased pulmonary blood flow was associated with higher S100B levels before surgery than cyanosis. There was no correlation with postoperative S100B and time on CPB, hypothermic circulatory arrest, or 30-day surgical mortality. In conclusion, preoperative S100B concentrations correlate inversely with the size of the ascending aorta in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and may serve as a marker for preexisting brain injury and mortality.
MR gradient response modeling to ensure excitation coherence (1994)

Gradient system response has a significant effect on the shape and dispersion of complex k-space trajectories, as used in echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging and designed excitation. The authors have developed a method that characterizes the gradient response directly by placing k-space "landmarks" in the raw data. The method produces a clear delineation of the k-space trajectory, while providing information about related factors such as magnetic field homogeneity and temporal coherence of the radio-frequency (RF) and gradient waveforms. By using parameters derived from data collected under varying conditions, gradient response is modeled as a linear system consisting of a response delay function with a frequency-dependent slope. The results allow corrections that can be applied to the RF waveform or to the k-space trajectory. Application of this correction to designed excitation with the sinusoidal k-space trajectory is demonstrated and discussed.
Securing Fog Computing for Internet of Things Applications: Challenges and Solutions (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) allows billions of physical objects to be connected to collect and exchange data for offering various applications, such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, and home automation. On the other hand, IoT has unsupported features (e.g., low latency, location awareness, and geographic distribution) that are critical for some IoT applications, including smart traffic lights, home energy management and augmented reality. To support these features, fog computing is integrated into IoT to extend computing, storage and networking resources to the network edge. Unfortunately, it is confronted with various security and privacy risks, which raise serious concerns towards users. In this survey, we review the architecture and features of fog computing and study critical roles of fog nodes, including real-time services, transient storage, data dissemination and decentralized computation. We also examine fog-assisted IoT applications based on different roles of fog nodes. Then, we present security and privacy threats towards IoT applications and discuss the security and privacy requirements in fog computing. Further, we demonstrate potential challenges to secure fog computing and review the state-of-the-art solutions used to address security and privacy issues in fog computing for IoT applications. Finally, by defining several open research issues, it is expected to draw more attention and efforts into this new architecture.
Harnessing legal knowledge for development : the Legal Department's contribution to Knowledge Management at the World Bank (1998)

This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the information systems available in the Bank's Legal Department (LEG), and it also intends to facilitate the smooth integration of LEG's information systems, into the Bank's Knowledge Management (KM) system, to identify opportunities for LEG to contribute to the Bank-wide KM initiative. The paper sets out a framework, and strategy for the integration, and development of legal knowledge in the Bank's KM system. The vision behind LEG's KM work is summarized, through the objectives and strategies to achieve such vision, presenting the content of legal knowledge in LEG, organized by sectors, and themes. Moreover, it discusses key knowledge management issues, relevant to LEG, including governance and quality assurance. Finally, the paper outlines a framework for LEG's contribution to Bank-wide KM.
Temozolomide and intravenous irinotecan for treatment of advanced Ewing sarcoma (2005)

Temozolomide and protracted intravenous irinotecan given in 21-day courses was tolerable and active in patients with advanced ES. Home administration of irinotecan with temozolomide was safe and is reasonable palliative therapy. A formal Phase II study using a uniform dose and schedule is warranted to better define activity.
X-ray diffraction contrast tomography: a novel technique for 3D grain mapping of polycrystals. Part I: direct beam case (2008)

International audience
Concentric Lens (1959)

The usefulness of a concentric lens in convergent space, with the centers of curvature of the surfaces coincident with the focus of the axial bundle, seems to have been generally overlooked. In this position the lens has no effect on the Gaussian optics, nor on any of the primary aberrations with the exception of the tangential field curvature. The sagittal field curvature is unaffected. The author has first used this device to effect an improvement in the performance of the Petzval projection lens. Another example is described.
Clinicopathological and Biological Significance of Human Voltage-gated Proton Channel Hv1 Protein Overexpression in Breast Cancer (2012)

In our previous work, we showed for the first time that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is specifically expressed in highly metastatic human breast tumor tissues and cell lines. However, the contribution of Hv1 to breast carcinogenesis is not well known. In this study, we showed that Hv1 expression was significantly correlated with the tumor size (p = 0.001), tumor classification (p = 0.000), lymph node status (p = 0.000), clinical stage (p = 0.000), and Her-2 status (p = 0.045). High Hv1 expression was associated significantly with shorter overall (p = 0.000) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.000). In vitro, knockdown of Hv1 expression in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells decreased the cell proliferation and invasiveness, inhibited the cell proton secretion and intracellular pH recovery, and blocked the cell capacity of acidifying extracellular milieu. Furthermore, the gelatinase activity in MDA-MB-231 cells that suppressed Hv1 was reduced. In vivo, the breast tumor size of the implantation of the MDA-MB-231 xenografts in nude mice that were knocked down by Hv1 was dramatically smaller than that in the control groups. The results demonstrated that the inhibition of Hv1 function via knockdown of Hv1 expression can effectively retard the cancer growth and suppress the cancer metastasis by the decrease of proton extrusion and the down-regulation of gelatinase activity. Based on these results, we came to the conclusion that Hv1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer and a potential target for anticancer drugs in breast cancer therapy.