gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the powder reaction moulding process (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The powder reaction moulding process uses a reactive monomer as carrier and binder for the moulding of metal or ceramic powders. De‐binding is achieved using thermal depolymerisation which is followed by sintering to give the finished component. Binder can be recovered for re‐use. RESULTS: Moulding compounds, with various powder volume fractions, have been prepared using stainless steel, silicon nitride and alumina with n‐butyl cyanoacrylate as binder, and the stability of the compounds established. Rheological properties of the compounds have been measured using both pressure flow and drag flow methods. Compounds are strongly pseudoplastic. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical models, describing suspension flow behaviour shows that experimental maximum volume fractions are close to the theoretical volume fraction of 0.42 for silicon nitride, 0.68 for alumina and 0.7 for stainless steel. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry have been used to simulate de‐binding and show a rapid loss of binder through depolymerisation. Post‐sintering porosity of the ceramic materials is high but this is thought to arise from the low pressure moulding techniques used. Porosity of the stainless steel mouldings is much lower. CONCLUSIONS: The results validate the powder reaction moulding idea and demonstrate applicability to three widely different powder materials. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid from women with early-stage breast cancer using isotope-coded affinity tags and tandem mass spectrometry reveals differential expression of vitamin D binding protein (2006)

Abstract Background Isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis of paired protein samples. We sought to determine whether ICAT technology could quantify and identify differential expression of tumor-specific proteins in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) from the tumor-bearing and contralateral disease-free breasts of patients with unilateral early-stage breast cancer. Methods Paired NAF samples from 18 women with stage I or II unilateral invasive breast carcinoma and 4 healthy volunteers were analyzed using ICAT labeling, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE), liquid chromatography, and MS. Proteins were identified by sequence database analysis. Western blot analysis of NAF from an independent sample set from 12 women (8 with early-stage breast cancer and 4 healthy volunteers) was also performed. Results 353 peptides were identified from tandem mass spectra and matched to peptide sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Equal numbers of peptides were up- versus down-regulated. Alpha2HS-glycoprotein [Heavy:Light (H:L) ratio 0.63] was underexpressed in NAF from tumor-bearing breasts, while lipophilin B (H:L ratio 1.42), beta-globin (H:L ratio 1.98), hemopexin (H:L ratio 1.73), and vitamin D-binding protein precursor (H:L ratio 1.82) were overexpressed. Western blot analysis of pooled samples of NAF from healthy volunteers versus NAF from women with breast cancer confirmed the overexpression of vitamin D-binding protein in tumor-bearing breasts. Conclusion ICAT tandem MS was able to identify and quantify differences in specific protein expression between NAF samples from tumor-bearing and disease-free breasts. Proteomic screening techniques using ICAT and NAF may be used to find markers for diagnosis of breast cancer.
Universidade e escola trabalhando juntas na formação de uma nova geração docente: a de professores-pesquisadores / University and school boards working in the formation of a new generation teacher: the teacher-as-researchers (2016)

This article, an descriptive experience report of qualitative approach, reflects a partnership between the university and the Basic Education School. As agents of formation, forge a new teachers profile: the teacher-as-researcher, through a Brazilian scientific initiation program called PIBIC/EM (Institutional Program of Scholarships of Scientific Initiation for high school), which is aimed at high school students, where one of the authors worked as co -advisor. It also seeks to describe the new teacher profile that it is required to the knowledge of the society and information. As a result of our investigation, was found that policies of scientific initiation are allies in the work of constructing this new identity intended for the educator, the results are very encouraging.
Ultralight Linerless Composite Tanks for In-Space Applications (2004)

NASA missions are becoming increasingly more demanding of propulsion capability, driving the mass of propulsion systems higher, even as the science mass of electronics is reduced. Typically, the propulsion tank is the single largest highest dry mass item of an in-space propulsion system. Ultralight linerless composite tanks (ULLCTs) promise to achieve the efficiencies that will make future propulsion systems viable and minimize propulsion system mass growth. ULLCTS may offer up to a 25 percent weight reduction compared to conventional metal lined composite overwrapped tanks, allowing increased reactant storage and/or reduced launch mass. For successful design of such a tank, the composite shell itself is required to provide an integral impermeable barrier, in addition to carrying the pressure and environmental loads for in-space propulsion. Significant materials technologies are required to achieve the microcrack resistance of the composites in order to contain small molecule gases such as helium (He). The goal is to develop a material that can limit the leakage rate of gaseous He to 10(exp -4) scc/sec at 1% biaxial strain level. The current paper details an integrated systematic approach to developing novel composite materials that can meet such performance requirements. It also explains how micromechanical models and material testing can be combined to define material performance indicators critical for designing an ULLCT, such as the material's resistance to microcracking and permeability.
2-(Tributylstannyl)-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl Alcohol: A Building Block for Photolabeling and Crosslinking Reagents of Very High Specific Radioactivity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-(Tributylstannyl)-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl Alcohol: A Building Block for Photolabeling and Crosslinking Reagents of Very High Specific RadioactivityThomas Weber and Josef BrunnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11, 3084–3095Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00116a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00116a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views854Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Convenient Alumination of Functionalized Aromatics by Using the Frustrated Lewis Pair Et<sub>3</sub>Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl (2013)

A straightforward and efficient alumination of functionalized arenes by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) has been developed. In particular, halogenated electron-rich aromatics can be smoothly functionalized by using the frustrated Lewis pair Et3 Al and TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Compared with previously described alumination methods, this procedure avoids extensive cooling and the need for an excess of base. This in situ procedure has proven to be most practical and allows for regio- and chemoselective metalation of a wide range of aromatics with sensitive functional groups (CONEt2 , CO2 Me, CN, OCONMe2 ) or halogens (F, Cl, Br, I). The resulting aromatic aluminates, which were characterized by using NMR spectroscopy, were subjected to allylations, acylations, and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions after transmetalation to zinc. It was shown that the nature of the Zn salt used for transmetalation is crucial. Thus, compared with ZnCl2 (2 equiv), the use of Zn(OPiv)2 (2 equiv; OPiv=pivalate) allows the subsequent quenching reactions to be performed with only a slight excess of electrophile (1.2 equiv) and provides interesting functionalized aromatics in good yields.
Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease: the cardiokymographic stress test. (1980)

Stress-induced abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion were assessed by cardiokymography (CKG) during the course of maximal treadmill exercise tests in 157 patients, of whom 122 subsequently underwent coronary angiography. Seventy patients had significant angiographic coronary artery disease and 52 were normal. Forty-one of the 70 patients developed greater than 0.1 mV ST-segment depression (ECG sensitivity 59%) and 52 of 70 patients developed abnormal systolic outward motion by CKG (CKG sensitivity 74%). Among the 52 normals, 36 had negative ECG stress tests (ECG specificity 69%) and 49 had normally sustained systolic inward motion by CKG (CKG specificity 94%). The stress CKG was normal in 15 of the 16 false-positive stress ECGs; the stress ECG was correctly normal in two of the three false-positive stress CKG tests. Only one normal patient had concordantly false-positive ECG and CKG tests. The predictive accuracy of concordant ECG and CKG interpretations was, therefore, higher than either test alone. These data suggest that regional wall motion abnormalities, which are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial ischemia, may be detected noninvasively by CKG. We concluded that CKG helps identify false-positive and false-negative ECG stress tests and improves the diagnostic accuracy of stress testing for detection of coronary artery disease.
German evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris (short version) (2007)

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease which has the potential to significantly reduce the quality of life in severely affected patients. The incidence of psoriasis in Western industrialized countries ranges from 1.5 to 2%. Despite the large variety of treatment options available, patient surveys have revealed insufficient satisfaction with the efficacy of available treatments and a high rate of medication non-compliance. To optimize the treatment of psoriasis in Germany, the Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft and the Berufsverband Deutscher Dermatologen (BVDD) have initiated a project to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of psoriasis. The guidelines focus on induction therapy in cases of mild, moderate, and severe plaque-type psoriasis in adults. The short version of the guidelines reported here consist of a series of therapeutic recommendations that are based on a systematic literature search and subsequent discussion with experts in the field; they have been approved by a team of dermatology experts. In addition to the therapeutic recommendations provided in this short version, the full version of the guidelines includes information on contraindications, adverse events, drug interactions, practicality, and costs as well as detailed information on how best to apply the treatments described (for full version, please see Nast et al., JDDG, Suppl 2:S1-S126, 2006; or http://www.psoriasis-leitlinie.de ).
Synthesis of some polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine derivatives. (1987)

Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine derivatives, 7, 11, 15, and 18, were synthesized from 4, a. key intermediate for our total synthesis of swainsonine (1). The immunostimulating activities of these new derivatives were found to be moderate and less than that of swainsonine.
Gastroparesis-Associated Refractory Nausea Treated with Aprepitant (2012)

Aprepitant may have some utility in treating refractory nausea caused by gastroparesis. This case suggests that the drug's antiemetic effect may be successfully used in areas not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. A controlled trial examining aprepitant in patients with such challenging clinical conditions may be warranted.
Distribution of H Type 1–4 Chains of the ABO(H) System in Different Cell Types of Human Respiratory Epithelium (2000)

We used three anti-H monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for H Type 1, H Type 2, and H Type 3/4 antigens to investigate the distribution of H Type 1-H Type 4 chains of the ABO(H) histo-blood group in the human respiratory system. Strong staining of H Type 1 chain and weak staining of H Type 2 chain were observed in mucous cells of submucosal glands of bronchial epithelium, which were dependent on the secretor status. No H Type 3/4 chains were detected in mucous cells. Serous cells of submucosal glands of respiratory system showed no staining by three anti-H antibodies. H Type 1 and H Type 3/4 antigens were detected heterogeneously in apical surfaces of bronchial epithelium from secretors but not from nonsecretors. In contrast, basal cells of bronchial epithelium expressed H Type 2 irrespective of the secretor status, probably regulated by the H gene. Some alveolar Type II cells contained only H Types 3/4, which were dependent on the secretor status, whereas alveolar Type I cells had no H antigens. Our results indicated that different cell types in respiratory epithelium expressed different types of carbohydrate chains of histo-blood group antigens under the control of the H or the Se gene.
An Event-Based Neural Network Architecture With an Asynchronous Programmable Synaptic Memory (2013)

We present a hybrid analog/digital very large scale integration (VLSI) implementation of a spiking neural network with programmable synaptic weights. The synaptic weight values are stored in an asynchronous Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) module, which is interfaced to a fast current-mode event-driven DAC for producing synaptic currents with the appropriate amplitude values. These currents are further integrated by current-mode integrator synapses to produce biophysically realistic temporal dynamics. The synapse output currents are then integrated by compact and efficient integrate and fire silicon neuron circuits with spike-frequency adaptation and adjustable refractory period and spike-reset voltage settings. The fabricated chip comprises a total of 32 × 32 SRAM cells, 4 × 32 synapse circuits and 32 × 1 silicon neurons. It acts as a transceiver, receiving asynchronous events in input, performing neural computation with hybrid analog/digital circuits on the input spikes, and eventually producing digital asynchronous events in output. Input, output, and synaptic weight values are transmitted to/from the chip using a common communication protocol based on the Address Event Representation (AER). Using this representation it is possible to interface the device to a workstation or a micro-controller and explore the effect of different types of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning algorithms for updating the synaptic weights values in the SRAM module. We present experimental results demonstrating the correct operation of all the circuits present on the chip.
Coatings and claddings for the reduction of plasma contamination and surface erosion in fusion reactors (1980)

For the successful operation of plasma devices and future fusion reactors it is necessary to control plasma impurity release and surface erosion. Effective methods to obtain such controls include the application of protective coatings to, and the use of clad materials for, certain first wall components. Major features of the development programs for coatings and claddings for fusion applications will be described together with an outline of the testing program. A discussion of some pertinent test results will be included.
Diagnostic microchip to assay 3D colony-growth potential of captured circulating tumor cells (2012)

Microfluidic technology has been successfully applied to isolate very rare tumor-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumor cells, CTCs) from blood with relatively high yield and purity, opening up exciting prospects for early detection of cancer. However, a major limitation of state-of-the-art CTC-chips is their inability to characterize the behavior and function of captured CTCs, for example to obtain information on proliferative and invasive properties or, ultimately, tumor re-initiating potential. Although CTCs can be efficiently immunostained with markers reporting phenotype or fate (e.g. apoptosis, proliferation), it has not yet been possible to reliably grow captured CTCs over long periods of time and at single cell level. It is challenging to remove CTCs from a microchip after capture, therefore such analyses should ideally be performed directly on-chip. To address this challenge, we merged CTC capture with three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell culture on the same microfluidic platform. PC3 prostate cancer cells were isolated from spiked blood on a transparent PDMS CTC-chip, encapsulated on-chip in a biomimetic hydrogel matrix (QGel™) that was formed in situ, and their clonal 3D spheroid growth potential was assessed by microscopy over one week in culture. The possibility to clonally expand a subset of captured CTCs in a near-physiological in vitro model adds an important element to the expanding CTC-chip toolbox that ultimately should improve prediction of treatment responses and disease progression.
The Microbead: A 0.009 mm<sup>3</sup> Implantable Wireless Neural Stimulator (2019)

Wirelessly powered implants are increasingly being developed to interface with neurons in the brain. They often rely on microelectrode arrays, which are limited by their ability to cover large cortical surface areas and long-term stability because of their physical size and rigid configuration. Yet some clinical and research applications prioritize a distributed neural interface over one that offers high channel count. One solution to make large scale, fully specifiable, electrical stimulation/recording possible, is to disconnect the electrodes from the base, so that they can be arbitrarily placed freely in the nervous system. In this work, a wirelessly powered stimulating implant is miniaturized using a novel electrode integration technique, and its implanted depth maximized using new optimization design methods for the transmitter and receiver coils. The stimulating device is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology with the following characteristics: 300 μm × 300 μm × 80 μm size; optimized two-coil inductive link; and integrated circuit, electrodes and coil. The wireless and stimulation capability of the implant is demonstrated in a conductive medium, as well as in-vivo. To the best of our knowledge, the fabricated free-floating miniaturized implant has the best depth-to-volume ratio making it an excellent tool for minimally-invasive distributed neural interface, and thus could eventually complement or replace the rigid arrays that are currently the state-of-the-art in brain set-ups.
On-LineTurbine Internal Efficiency Monitoring for Steam Turbine Condition Diagnostics (2006)

The integral diagnostics factor used for the evaluation of turbine island condition is the turbine heat rate corrected to constant steam parameters and condenser pressure which is called “corrected turbine heat rate”. In case of excessive deviation of corrected heat rate from its normal value, it is necessary to implement a diagnostic subsystem for determining the source of the deviation. The following subsystems of the turbine island have to be taken into consideration: turbine steam path, turbine end seals, control valves, etc. For each subsystem it is necessary to select the calculated or measured parameter(s), which will be used as diagnostic factors for turbine condition evaluation purposes. For the turbine steam path subsystemthe internal efficiency of the high pressure turbine (HP) and intermediate turbine (IP) can be used. Selection of the internal efficiency as diagnostics factor is based on its high sensitivity to variations in steam path conditions (erosion, steam path fouling and so on), as well as to steam path diaphragm and radial sealing conditions. However, the basic internal efficiency calculation results of HP and IP turbines at different loads, using measured parameters, show very high sensitivity of the calculation results to random measurement errors, random components of the regulation process and variations in spatial and time distribution of the temperature and pressure fields. This high sensitivity causes the uncertainty of the calculation results to approach ± 1.5 % and means that the results can not be used for diagnostic purposes. To achieve acceptable results for uncertainty (± 0.3 %) special methods of mathematical analysis need to be applied, including robust estimation, precise multivariate approximation, filtration and others. Furthermore, the HP turbine internal efficiency depends on control valve position and thus can not be directly used as a diagnostic factor in an on-line turbine diagnostic system. To solve this problem, special methods were developed for correcting the real efficiency value to the valve wide open position. The developed method was verified by a set of specially designed tests and results have shown that this technique can be applied for on-line calculations. The described system for on-line turbine internal efficiency monitoring was developed in cooperation between IEC and Berman Engineering Ltd. The system was implemented on a 550 MW unit and has been in operation for two years. The results of operation show that the system yields the required expanded uncertainty in the range of ± 0.3 %. The system is characterized by high reliability and a friendly interface.
Three-dimensional cardiac microtissues composed of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells co-differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (2017)

Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in the heart are in close proximity and in constant dialogue. Endothelium regulates the size of the heart, supplies oxygen to the myocardium and secretes factors that support cardiomyocyte function. Robust and predictive cardiac disease models that faithfully recapitulate native human physiology <i>in vitro</i> would therefore ideally incorporate this cardiomyocyte-endothelium crosstalk. Here, we have generated and characterized human cardiac microtissues <i>in vitro</i> that integrate both cell types in complex 3D structures. We established conditions for simultaneous differentiation of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells following initial cardiac mesoderm induction. The endothelial cells expressed cardiac markers that were also present in primary cardiac microvasculature, suggesting cardiac endothelium identity. These cell populations were further enriched based on surface markers expression, then recombined allowing development of beating 3D structures termed cardiac microtissues. This <i>in vitro</i> model was robustly reproducible in both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. It thus represents an advanced human stem cell-based platform for cardiovascular disease modelling and testing of relevant drugs.