gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient inverted polymer solar cell by low temperature annealing of Cs2CO3 interlayer (2008)

We demonstrate a highly efficient inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester with a low temperature annealed interfacial buffer layer, cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3). This approach improves the power conversion efficiency of the inverted cell from 2.3% to 4.2%, with short-circuit current of 11.17mA∕cm2, open-circuit voltage of 0.59V, and fill factor of 63% under AM1.5G 100mW∕cm2 irradiation. This result is comparable to the previous regular structure device on the same system. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the work function of annealed Cs2CO3 layer decreases from 3.45to3.06eV. Further x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that Cs2CO3 can decompose into low work function, doped cesium oxide Cs2O upon annealing, which is accountable for the work-function reduction and device efficiency improvement.
Nissan's New “High-Drivability” Vibration Control System (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Attenuation of fore and after vehicle vibration caused by transient throttle pedal maneuvering is a key factor in achieving a good drivability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The dynamics of this vibration is analyzed considering torque generated by combustion as the exciting force. The relationship between vibration attenuation and improvement of drivability is determined using a subjective, low frequency vibration test. Through these analyses and tests, a new vibration control system is developed which controls the above noted torque by providing optimum adjustment of ignition timing. Decreasing fore and after vehicle vibration without adversely affecting vehicle performance, this control system improves drivability in both FF and FR cars by more than 1.0 evaluation point.</div>
NN based ATM cell scheduling with queue length-based priority scheme (1997)

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is the choice of transport mode for broadband integrated service digital networks (B-ISDNs). We propose a window-based contention resolution algorithm to achieve higher throughput for nonblocking switches in ATM environments. In a nonblocking switch with input queues, significant loss of throughput can occur due to head-of-line (HOL) blocking when first-in first-out (FIFO) queueing is employed. To resolve this problem, we employ bypass queueing and present a cell scheduling algorithm which maximizes the switch throughput. We also employ a queue length based priority scheme to reduce the cell delay variations and cell loss probabilities. With the employed priority scheme, the variance of cell delay is also significantly reduced under nonuniform traffic, resulting in lower cell loss rates (CLRs) at a given buffer size. As the cell scheduling controller, we propose a neural network (NN) model which uses a high degree of parallelism. Due to higher switch throughput achieved with our cell scheduling, the cell loss probabilities and the buffer sizes necessary to guarantee a given CLR become smaller than those of other approaches based on sequential input window scheduling or output queueing.
New Water-Soluble Perforation Ball Sealers Provide Enhanced Diversion in Well Completions (1998)

Abstract A new water-soluble perforation ball sealer has been developed and successfully used as a substitute for conventional ball sealers. They also can and have been used in situations where conventional ball sealers would not be an option due to the potential of creating undesired costly workover operations. The introduction of a degradable or water-soluble ball sealer signifies a major breakthrough in ball sealer technology. This paper discusses the new ball sealer chemical and physical properties and development methodology. Laboratory testing techniques and methods are presented. This paper focuses on the laboratory testing conducted during the development phase and the data generated to support proper application in the field. Also, the potential benefits of water-soluble ball sealers are presented along with examples of successful application in wells. P. 427
Formal verification of practical MPI programs (2009)

This paper considers the problem of formal verification of MPI programs operating under a fixed test harness for safety properties without building verification models. In our approach, we directly model-check the MPI/C source code, executing its interleavings with the help of a verification scheduler. Unfortunately, the total feasible number of interleavings is exponential, and impractical to examine even for our modest goals. Our earlier publications formalized and implemented a partial order reduction approach that avoided exploring equivalent interleavings, and presented a verification tool called ISP. This paper presents algorithmic and engineering innovations to ISP, including the use of OpenMP parallelization, that now enables it to handle practical MPI programs, including:(i)~ParMETIS - a widely used hypergraph partitioner, and (ii)~MADRE - a Memory Aware Data Re-distribution Engine, both developed outside our group. Over these benchmarks, ISP has automatically verified up to 14K lines of MPI/C code, producing error traces of deadlocks and assertion violations within seconds.
Proprioceptive Guidance of Saccades in Eye–Hand Coordination (2006)

The saccade generator updates memorized target representations for saccades during eye and head movements. Here, we tested if proprioceptive feedback from the arm can also update handheld object locations for saccades, and what intrinsic coordinate system(s) is used in this transformation. We measured radial saccades beginning from a central light-emitting diode to 16 target locations arranged peripherally in eight directions and two eccentricities on a horizontal plane in front of subjects. Target locations were either indicated 1) by a visual flash, 2) by the subject actively moving the handheld central target to a peripheral location, 3) by the experimenter passively moving the subject's hand, or 4) through a combination of the above proprioceptive and visual stimuli. Saccade direction was relatively accurate, but subjects showed task-dependent systematic overshoots and variable errors in radial amplitude. Visually guided saccades showed the smallest overshoot, followed by saccades guided by both vision and proprioception, whereas proprioceptively guided saccades showed the largest overshoot. In most tasks, the overall distribution of saccade endpoints was shifted and expanded in a gaze- or head-centered cardinal coordinate system. However, the active proprioception task produced a tilted pattern of errors, apparently weighted toward a limb-centered coordinate system. This suggests the saccade generator receives an efference copy of the arm movement command but fails to compensate for the arm's inertia-related directional anisotropy. Thus the saccade system is able to transform hand-centered somatosensory signals into oculomotor coordinates and combine somatosensory signals with visual inputs, but it seems to have a poorly calibrated internal model of limb properties.
Effect of Constitution on Mass of Individual Organs and Their Association with Metabolic Rate in Humans—A Detailed View on Allometric Scaling (2011)

Resting energy expenditure (REE)-power relationships result from multiple underlying factors including weight and height. In addition, detailed body composition, including fat free mass (FFM) and its components, skeletal muscle mass and internal organs with high metabolic rates (i.e. brain, heart, liver, kidneys), are major determinants of REE. Since the mass of individual organs scales to height as well as to weight (and, thus, to constitution), the variance in these associations may also add to the variance in REE. Here we address body composition (measured by magnetic resonance imaging) and REE (assessed by indirect calorimetry) in a group of 330 healthy volunteers differing with respect to age (17-78 years), sex (61% female) and BMI (15.9-47.8 kg/m(2)). Using three dimensional data interpolation we found that the inter-individual variance related to scaling of organ mass to height and weight and, thus, the constitution-related variances in either FFM (model 1) or kidneys, muscle, brain and liver (model 2) explained up to 43% of the inter-individual variance in REE. These data are the first evidence that constitution adds to the complexity of REE. Since organs scale differently as weight as well as height the "fit" of organ masses within constitution should be considered as a further trait.
Analysis and Countermeasures of Interphase Spacer Dropping on Yuan-ba Line II (2010)

In this paper,we analyzed the broken interphase spacer on Yuan-ba line II from the aspects of operation,structure,strength and installation.Based on the analysis,we put forward preventive measures to avoid the rupture of interphase spacer.
Automated Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy Assessment of Diabetic Patients Using Optical Imaging and Binary Processing Techniques (2016)

A large proportion of individuals who live with type2 diabetes suffer from plantar sensory neuropathy (PSN). Regular testing and assessment for the condition is required to avoid ulceration or other damage to patients’ feet. Currently accepted practice involves a trained podiatrist testing patients’ feet manually with a hand-held nylon monofilament probe. The procedure is time consuming and labour intensive, requires training, is susceptible to error and is difficult to repeat. This thesis presents the first investigation into a novel automated approach to automatically identify the pressure points on a given patient’s foot for the examination of sensory neuropathy via optical image processing via RGB and HSV colour space incorporating plantar anthropometry. The developed system effectively automates the traditional Semmes–Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME). Further work presented demonstrates the development and demonstration of a generic automated lesion detection algorithms to recognise and avoid probe application on a plantar surface. A combination of local binary pattern and support vector machine methods in layered combination are used to avoid probe application where lesion and chosen pressure points overlap. The trained lesion detection and avoidance method was 100% effective on the lesions used.
[Mechanisms of the anomalous activity of the Purkinje fibers in the late stage of experimental myocardial infarct in dogs]. (1988)

The anomalously active (AA) subendocardial Purkinje's fibers (PF) in the ischemic zone 24 hours after occlusion of the left descending coronary artery (LDCA) in dogs are proposed to be divided into 2 groups according to their reaction to the changes in the ionic composition of perfusion solution. The AAPF frequency in the first group decreased by increase in [Ca2+]o, increased by fall in [Ca2+]o and was proportional to [Na+]o. In the second group AAPF frequency rose under actions increasing [Ca2+]i (increase in [Ca+]o, decrease in [Na+]o), and fell under actions reducing [Ca2+]i (decrease in [Ca2+]o, increase in [Na+]o). After short-term (10 s) high frequency stimulation the AAPF frequency in the group I fibers either remained unchanged or insignificant transitory slowing down was registered. In the group II fibers the AA frequency after high frequency stimulation either remained unchanged or insignificant transitory elevation was observed. The anomalous activity in the group I fibers could be blocked by tetrodotoxin, while verapamil was practically ineffective. In the second group anomalous activity was blocked by both drugs. We conclude thus that one day after the occlusion of LDCA in the ischemic zone PF with anomalous activity caused by anomalous automaticity as well as by trigger mechanism may be present. The pacemaker current inducing anomalous automaticity is possibly caused by Na+ intake through ischemically modified natrium channels.
Modeling the effect of reliability on performance (1990)

In many high-reliability systems, subsystem or component failures that do not cause a system failure can still degrade system performance. When modeling such systems, ignoring the effect of reliability on performance can lead to incomplete or inaccurate results. In the present work, performability modeling, the combined analysis of reliability and performance, is introduced; some examples of applications where performance and reliability need to be modeled together are given; a strategy for modeling the effect of reliability on performance is outlined and metrics that help quantify this effect are discussed. Some mathematical models for performability are introduced and an example is used to illustrate how such models can be applied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of xylitol-utilizing mutants of Erwinia uredovora (1985)

Of the four pentitols ribitol, xylitol, D-arabitol, and L-arabitol, Erwinia uredovora was able to utilize only D-arabitol as a carbon and energy source. Although attempts to isolate ribitol- or L-arabitol-utilizing mutants were unsuccessful, mutants able to grow on xylitol were isolated at a frequency of 9 X 10(-8). Xylitol-positive mutants constitutively synthesized both a novel NAD-dependent xylitol-4-dehydrogenase, which oxidized xylitol to L-xylulose, and an L-xylulokinase. The xylitol dehydrogenase had a Km for xylitol of 48 mM and showed best activity with xylitol and D-threitol as substrates. However, D-threitol was not a growth substrate for E. uredovora, and its presence did not induce either dehydrogenase or kinase activity. Attempts to determine the origin of the xylitol catabolic enzymes were unsuccessful; neither enzyme was induced on any growth substrate or in the presence of any polyol tested. Analysis of xylitol-negative mutants isolated after Tn5 mutagenesis suggested that the xylitol dehydrogenase and the L-xylulokinase structural genes were components of two separate operons but were under common regulatory control.
In vivo definition of an archaeal promoter (1995)

We have used a plasmid-based transcriptional reporter system to examine the transcriptional effects of 33 single point mutations in the box A region (TATA-like sequence) of the Haloferax volcanii tRNA(Lys) promoter. The most pronounced effects on transcriptional efficiency were found when the nucleotides corresponding to the TATA-like region were altered. Promoters with wild-type or higher levels of transcriptional activity conformed to the general archaeal box A consensus, 5'-T/CTTAT/AA-3'. The preference for a pyrimidine residue in the 5' position of this region and the exclusion of guanine and cytosine in the next four positions in the 3' direction are defining characteristics shared by all efficient archaeal promoters. We have also observed that replacement of a 10-nucleotide purine-rich sequence, located 5' of the H. volcanii tRNA(Lys) box A element, completely abolished transcription from this promoter. These data show that the H. volcanii tRNA(Lys) promoter is dependent on two separate, and essential, sequence elements. The possible functions of these sequences, in view of the recent descriptions of eucaryal-like transcription factors for Archaea, are discussed.
Angular and energy dependence of ion bombardment of Mo/Si multilayers (1997)

The process of ion bombardment is investigated for the fabrication of Mo/Si multilayer x-ray mirrors using e-beam evaporation. The ion treatment is applied immediately after deposition of each of the Si layers to smoothen the layers by removing an additional thickness of the Si layer. In this study the parameters of Kr+ ion bombardment have been optimized within the energy range 300 eV–2 keV and an angular range between 20° and 50°. The optical performance of the Mo/Si multilayers is determined by absolute measurements of the near-normal-incidence reflectivity at 14.4 nm wavelength. The multilayer structures are analyzed further with small-angle reflectivity measurements using both specular reflectivity and diffuse x-ray scattering. The optimal smoothening parameters are obtained by determining the effect of ion bombardment on the interface roughness of the Si layer. The optimal conditions are found to be 2 keV at 50° angle of incidence with respect to the surface. These settings result in 47% reflectivity at 85° (λ=14.4 nm) for a 16-period Mo/Si multilayer mirror, corresponding to an interface roughness of 0.21 nm rms. Analysis shows that the interface roughness is determined by ion induced viscous flow, an effect which increases with ion energy as well as angle of incidence. In order to determine the effect of intermixing of the Si and Mo atoms, the penetration depth of the Kr+ ions is calculated as a function of ion energy and angle of incidence. Furthermore, the angular dependence of the etch yield, obtained from the in situ reflectivity measurements, is investigated in order o determine the optimal ion beam parameters for the production of multilayer mirrors on curved substrates.
Groundwater contamination: pump-and-treat remediation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGroundwater contamination: pump-and-treat remediationDouglas M. Mackay and John A. CherryCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 6, 630–636Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/es00064a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5956Altmetric-Citations588LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Estimating dual-scale properties of glossy surfaces from step-edge lighting (2011)

This paper introduces a rapid appearance capture method suited for a variety of common indoor surfaces, in which a single photograph of the reflection of a step edge is used to estimate both a BRDF and a statistical model for visible surface geometry, or mesostructure. It is applicable to surfaces with statistically stationary variation in surface height, even when these variations are large enough to produce visible texture in the image. Results are shown from a prototype system using a separate camera and LCD, demonstrating good visual matches for a range of man-made indoor materials.
Wavelength monitor based on two single-quantum-well absorbers sampling a standing wave pattern (2000)

We demonstrate a wavelength monitor and a two-wavelength detector based on two single-quantum-well absorbers that sample a standing wave created by a distributed Bragg reflector. As a wavelength monitor, our device is power independent over a 15 dB range. Wavelength discrimination is linear over a 12 nm range.
Polyamines on the Reproductive Landscape (2011)

The polyamines are ubiquitous polycationic compounds. Over the past 40 yr, investigation has shown that some of these, namely spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are essential to male and female reproductive processes and to embryo/fetal development. Indeed, their absence is characterized by infertility and arrest in embryogenesis. Mammals synthesize polyamines de novo from amino acids or import these compounds from the diet. Information collected recently has shown that polyamines are essential regulators of cell growth and gene expression, and they have been implicated in both mitosis and meiosis. In male reproduction, polyamine expression correlates with stages of spermatogenesis, and polyamines appear to function in promoting sperm motility. There is evidence for polyamine involvement in ovarian follicle development and ovulation in female mammals, and polyamine synthesis is required for steroidogenesis in the ovary. Studies of the embryo indicate a polyamine requirement that can be met from maternal sources before implantation, whereas elimination of polyamine synthesis abrogates embryo development at gastrulation. Polyamines play roles in embryo implantation, in decidualization, and in placental formation and function, and polyamine privation during gestation results in intrauterine growth retardation. Emerging information implicates dietary arginine and dietary polyamines as nutritional regulators of fertility. The mechanisms by which polyamines regulate these multiple and diverse processes are not yet well explored; thus, there is fertile ground for further productive investigation.
Both Dioscorin, the Tuber Storage Protein of Yam (<i>Dioscorea alata </i>cv. Tainong No. 1), and Its Peptic Hydrolysates Exhibited Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities (2002)

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), was purified to homogeneity by DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. This purified dioscorin was shown by spectrophotometric methods to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in a dose-dependent manner (12.5-750 microg, respectively, 20.83-62.5% inhibitions) using N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) as substrates. The 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of ACE activity was 6.404 microM dioscorin (250 microg corresponding to 7.81 nmol) compared to that of 0.00781 microM (0.0095 nmol) for captopril. The commercial bovine serum albumin and casein (bovine milk) showed less ACE inhibitory activity. The use of qualitative TLC also showed dioscorin as ACE inhibitors. Dioscorin showed mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE; when 31.25 microg of dioscorin (0.8 microM) was added, the apparent inhibition constant (K(i)) was 2.738 microM. Pepsin was used for dioscorin hydrolysis at 37 degrees C for different times. It was found that the ACE inhibitory activity was increased from 51.32% to about 75% during 32 h hydrolysis. The smaller peptides were increased with increasing pepsin hydrolytic times. Dioscorin and its hydrolysates might be a potential for hypertension control when people consume yam tuber.
Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) as a bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents (2014)

Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) is a bio-based molecule, derived in two simple steps from cellulose, which demonstrates significant promise as a dipolar aprotic solvent. The dipolarity of dihydrolevoglucosenone is similar to NMP, DMF and sulpholane. Dihydrolevoglucosenone demonstrates similar performance to NMP in a fluorination reaction and the Menschutkin reaction.
Surface electromyographic control of a novel phonemic interface for speech synthesis (2016)

Many individuals with minimal movement capabilities use AAC to communicate. These individuals require both an interface with which to construct a message (e.g., a grid of letters) and an input modality with which to select targets. This study evaluated the interaction of two such systems: (a) an input modality using surface electromyography (sEMG) of spared facial musculature, and (b) an onscreen interface from which users select phonemic targets. These systems were evaluated in two experiments: (a) participants without motor impairments used the systems during a series of eight training sessions, and (b) one individual who uses AAC used the systems for two sessions. Both the phonemic interface and the electromyographic cursor show promise for future AAC applications.