gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Klebsiella</i>spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors (1998)

Bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella frequently cause human nosocomial infections. In particular, the medically most important Klebsiella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounts for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, pneumonia, septicemias, and soft tissue infections. The principal pathogenic reservoirs for transmission of Klebsiella are the gastrointestinal tract and the hands of hospital personnel. Because of their ability to spread rapidly in the hospital environment, these bacteria tend to cause nosocomial outbreaks. Hospital outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp., especially those in neonatal wards, are often caused by new types of strains, the so-called extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The incidence of ESBL-producing strains among clinical Klebsiella isolates has been steadily increasing over the past years. The resulting limitations on the therapeutic options demand new measures for the management of Klebsiella hospital infections. While the different typing methods are useful epidemiological tools for infection control, recent findings about Klebsiella virulence factors have provided new insights into the pathogenic strategies of these bacteria. Klebsiella pathogenicity factors such as capsules or lipopolysaccharides are presently considered to be promising candidates for vaccination efforts that may serve as immunological infection control measures.
Low-loss Splice of Large Effective Area Fiber Using Fluorine-doped Cladding Standard Effective Area Fiber (2017)

Ultra-low dissimilar splice loss of 0.08dB between Aeff-enlarged fiber (148μm2) and standard Aeff fiber (83μm2) was realized, by applying a ring core profile to Aeff-enlarged fiber and fluorine doped cladding to standard Aeff fiber.
Thermochemical Stability Study of Alkyl-Tethered Quaternary Ammonium Cations for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2017)

The increased interest in the use of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for applications in electrochemical devices has prompted significant efforts in designing materials with robust stability in alkaline media. Most reported AEMs suffer from polymer backbone degradation as well as cation functional group degradation. In this report, we provide comprehensive experimental investigations for the analysis of cation functional group stability under alkaline media. A silver oxide-mediated ion exchange method and an accelerated stability test in aqueous KOH solutions at elevated temperatures using a Parr reactor were used to evaluate a broad scope of quaternary ammonium (QA) cationic model compound structures, particularly focusing on alkyl-tethered cations. Additionally, byproduct analysis was employed to gain better understanding of degradation pathways and trends of alkaline stability. Experimental results under different conditions gave consistent trends in the order of cation stability of various QA small molecule model compounds. Overall, cations that are benzyl-substituted or that are near to electronegative atoms (such as oxygen) degrade faster in alkaline media in comparison to alkyl-tethered QAs. These comprehensive model compound stability studies provide valuable information regarding the relative stability of various cation structures and can help guide researchers towards designing new and promising candidates for AEM materials.
Flow Properties and Structure of Peptized Aluminum Soap–Hydrocarbon Gels (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow Properties and Structure of Peptized Aluminum Soap–Hydrocarbon GelsWalter H. Bauer, Neill Weber, and Stephen E. WiberleyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 1, 106–110Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150559a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j150559a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A detection method for an open-switch fault in cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (2014)

This paper presents a detecting method for an open-switch fault in cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. Recently, cascaded multilevel inverters are widely used in high voltage and power systems. Therefore, the reliability of this topology has become an important factor. To improve the reliability, detecting methods for an open-switch fault are required. The proposed method is based on the current path analysis according to zero voltage switching states when the open-switch fault occurs. The location of both faulty cells and switches can be detected by the current waveform and zero voltage switching states. This method is applicable when using the level-shifted PWM that is commonly used for a modulation method in cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The performance of proposed fault detecting method is verified by simulation results.
Recalage non rigide en imagerie cérébrale : méthodes et validation (2000)

Dans le contexte de la fusion de donnees en imagerie medicale, cette these s'interesse aux problemes de recalage non-rigide en imagerie cerebrale, monomodalite et multimodalite. Dans un premier temps, nous avons developpe une approche originale pour estimer une transformation $3D$ dense entre deux volumes IRM de deux sujets differents. Cette methode est basee sur une estimation du flot optique, exprime dans un cadre statistique robuste. Nous avons egalement propose un schema de minimisation efficace, a la fois multiresolution et multigrille, s'appuyant sur des contraintes anatomiques. Nous avons valide cette methode sur des donnees synthetiques, puis sur une base de donnee de 18 sujets. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous nous sommes interesses au probleme du recalage non-rigide multimodalite. Les images fonctionnelles IRMf, en acquisition EPI, presentent des deformations geometriques qui genent l'interpretation des donnees fonctionnelles. Nous avons propose un algorithme de recalage non-rigide multimodalite a l'aide d'une mesure de similarite adaptee, dans un cadre de minimisation multigrille. Dans un troisieme temps, nous avons propose un cadre de validation de methodes de recalage non-rigides. 5 methodes differentes, parmi lesquelles des approches classiques et des approches plus recentes, ont ete evaluees sur la base de criteres globaux (volume moyen, correlation des Lvv, recouvrement des tissus anatomiques) et de criteres locaux (recalage des sillons corticaux). Enfin, nous avons etudie des approches cooperatives utilisant les processus de segmentation et de recalage. Basee sur une methode de type ``ensemble de niveaux'', la segmentation de structures anatomiques peut etre guidee par un champ grossier de deformation. Le recalage permet d'initialiser correctement les modeles deformables, entrainant une segmentation automatique, plus robuste, plus precise et considerablement plus rapide. D'autre part, la segmentation de structures anatomiques d'interet comme les sillons corticaux permet de contraindre le processus de recalage presente dans la premiere partie. En particulier, le cadre statistique permet d'integrer cette contrainte locale et eparse de maniere naturelle. Sur la base de 18 sujets, nous avons montre l'apport de cette contrainte anatomique.
Parametric optimization of multilevel diffractive optical elements by electromagnetic theory (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Eero Noponen, Jari Turunen, and Antti Vasara, "Parametric optimization of multilevel diffractive optical elements by electromagnetic theory," Appl. Opt. 31, 5910-5912 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Nanoparticle Imaging of Integrins on Tumor Cells (2006)

Nanoparticles 10 to 100 nm in size can deliver large payloads to molecular targets, but undergo slow diffusion and/or slow transport through delivery barriers. To examine the feasibility of nanoparticles targeting a marker expressed in tumor cells, we used the binding of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) nanoparticle targeting integrins on BT-20 tumor as a model system. The goals of this study were: 1) to use nanoparticles to image alpha(V)beta3 integrins expressed in BT-20 tumor cells by fluorescence-based imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, and, 2) to identify factors associated with the ability of nanoparticles to target tumor cell integrins. Three factors were identified: 1) tumor cell integrin expression (the alpha(V)beta3 integrin was expressed in BT-20 cells, but not in 9L cells); 2) nanoparticle pharmacokinetics (the cyclic RGD peptide cross-linked iron oxide had a blood half-life of 180 minutes and was able to escape from the vasculature over its long circulation time); and 3) tumor vascularization (the tumor had a dense capillary bed, with distances of <100 microm between capillaries). These results suggest that nanoparticles could be targeted to the cell surface markers expressed in tumor cells, at least in the case wherein the nanoparticles and the tumor model have characteristics similar to those of the BT-20 tumor employed here.
Veova-9/(meth)acrylates, a New Class of Emulsion Copolymers (1994)

VeoVa 9, the vinyl ester of a highly branched monocarboxylic acid containing 9 carbon atoms, is usually copolymerised with VeoVa 10, and/or vinyl acetate, to produce high-quality latices for emulsion paints. It has been found recently that VeoVa 9 is also an attractive comonomer for (meth)acrylics. For example, VeoVa 9/methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer latices having widely different monomer ratios and a good monomer conversion can be prepared readily. The use of the three monomers in combination allows the design of emulsion polymers for widely varying applications. Products having glass transition temperatures between -40 and +100-degrees-C and a water resistance superior to that of their VeoVa-9-free analogues, the all-acrylics, can be made. Independent of each other, the polymer properties can be adapted easily to the specific end-use requirements by a correct choice of the ratio of monomers. In view of their attractive performance the VeoVa 9/(meth)acrylate-copolymer latices are considered to show considerable promise, for instance, as binders in high-quality aqueous paints, such as glossy emulsion paints, metal paints, tile coatings, wood stains and top-quality flat wall paints.
Building Innovativeness in Large U.S. Corporations (1991)

Maintains that a core issue for the international competitiveness of US corporations is that of the innovation challenge, that is the failure to effectively exploit the inventiveness and energy of individuals in large corporation environments. Describes the background to the problem, that of the erosion of corporate US‐pioneered markets and discusses the concept of innovativeness, using examples from a variety of industries and companies. Offers advice on the development of innovativeness, concerningstrategy, skills building and the use of a cross‐functional approach, concluding that US corporations must, like small companies and entrepreneurs, become more innovative in order to compete.
Building a better butterfly: the multiplexed metabutterfly (2002)

Multistage networks are important in a wide variety of applications. Expander-based networks, such as multibutterflies, are a tremendous improvement over traditional butterflies in both fault and congestion tolerance. However, multibutterflies cost at least twice as much in chips and wiring as butterflies. It is also impossible to build large multibutterflies due to their wiring complexity. We show that we can build an expander-based network that has comparable cost to a butterfly with the same number of endpoints, yet has substantially better fault and congestion performance. Specifically, we introduce a hierarchical construction that dramatically reduces wiring complexity and makes large expanders buildable. We are able to exploit the hierarchical structure to find large numbers of logical wires to multiplex over a smaller number of physical wires. Since many of the wires in an expander-based network are used to provide alternate paths, not useful bandwidth, substantial multiplexing can be done without significantly degrading performance. We present simulation results to support our conclusions. In comparing a butterfly with the comparable 2-to-1 multiplexed metabutterfly, we found that the metabutterfly performed better by nearly a factor of two on random traffic and greater than a factor five on worst-case traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exhaust pressure estimation and its application to variable geometry turbine and wastegate diagnostics (2010)

Exhaust pressure is a critical engine parameter used to calculate engine volumetric efficiency and EGR flow rate. In this paper, exhaust pressure is estimated for an internal combustion engine equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger. A coordinate transformation is applied to generate a turbine map for estimation of the exhaust pressure. This estimation can be used to replace an expensive pressure sensor for cost saving. On the other hand, for internal combustion engines that have already installed exhaust pressure sensors, this estimation can be used to generate residual signals for model-based diagnostics. Based on the residual signals, two diagnostic methods are proposed: one based on cumulative sum algorithms and the other based on pattern recognition and neural networks. The algorithms are able to detect and isolate different failure modes for a turbocharger system.
Circulation of the Plasma Membrane in<i>Dictyostelium</i> (1999)

We have developed a fluorimetric assay with the use of the dye FM1-43 to determine the rate at which Dictyostelium amoebae endocytose their surface membrane. Our results show that they do so about once each 4-10 min. A clathrin null mutant takes its surface up only approximately 30% more slowly, showing that this membrane uptake cannot be caused by clathrin-coated vesicles. Surprisingly, Ax2 and its parent, NC4, which differ in their rates of fluid-phase internalization by approximately 60-fold, take up their surfaces at the same rates. These results show that, in axenic cells, the uptake of fluid and of surface area are separate processes. The large activity of this new endocytic cycle in both Ax2 and NC4 amoebae appears capable of delivering sufficient new surface area to advance the cells' fronts during migration.
Broadband planar inverted-L antennas (2001)

A new feeding arrangement applied to a broadband planar inverted-L antenna (PILA) is experimentally presented. The proposed feeding structure comprises a narrow strip excited by a coaxial probe and a grounded wall, which are etched onto a vertical finite-size dielectric slab. The measurements on the proposed square PILAs with the new feeding structures are executed. 50% impedance bandwidths for VSWR = 2:1 have been obtained and the radiation patterns similar to those of conventional planar inverted-L or -F antennas are suitable for land mobile communication systems.
Removal of bacteria from water by adhesion to cross-linked poly(vinylpyridinium halide) (1983)

Cross-linked poly(vinylpyridinium halide) was found to have a novel and remarkable ability to remove bacteria from water. For example, when 10 g (wet weight) of cross-linked poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) was contacted with 20 ml of suspensions of Escherichia coli (9.7 X 10(4) to 9.7 X 10(7)/ml), Salmonella typhimurium (8.0 X 10(6) to 1.1 X 10(7)/ml), Streptococcus faecalis (5.0 X 10(7)/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (8.1 X 10(7)/ml), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.2 X 10(5)/ml) under stirring in sterilized physiological saline at 37 degrees C, 99% of the viable cells of these bacteria were removed in 2 to 6 h. When suspensions of these bacteria (10(5) to 10(8) cells per ml) were passed through a column (20 mm by 100 cm) of cross-linked poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) at 37 degrees C with a flow rate of 0.8 to 1.4 bed volumes per h, 97 to 100% of the viable cells were eliminated from the suspensions during the treatment. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that cross-linked poly(vinylpyridinium halide) irreversibly captured these bacteria alive during the treatment. That is, total organic carbon was removed during the treatment, and the bacteria which adhered to the resin proliferated on the bacterial medium. The adhesion capacity was estimated to be 10(10) cells per g (dry weight). Total organic carbon was also removed even when the bacteria were killed by heat treatment before the column studies.
PiB-PET Imaging-Based Serum Proteome Profiles Predict Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

Development of a simple, non-invasive early diagnosis platform of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using blood is urgently required. Recently, PiB-PET imaging has been shown to be powerful to quantify amyloid-β plaque loads leading to pathophysiological alterations in AD brains. Thus, there has been a need for serum biomarkers reflecting PiB-PET imaging data as an early diagnosis platform of AD. Here, using LC-MS/MS analysis coupled with isobaric tagging, we performed comprehensive proteome profiling of serum samples from cognitively normal controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients, who were selected using PiB-PET imaging. Comparative analysis of the proteomes revealed 79 and 72 differentially expressed proteins in MCI and AD, respectively, compared to controls. Integrated analysis of these proteins with genomic and proteomic data of AD brain tissues, together with network analysis, identified three biomarker candidates representing the altered proteolysis-related process in MCI or AD: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), coagulation factor XIII, A1 polypeptide (F13A1), and dermcidin (DCD). In independent serum samples of MCI and AD, we confirmed the elevation of the candidates using western blotting and ELISA. Our results suggest that these biomarker candidates can serve as a potential non-invasive early diagnosis platform reflecting PiB-PET imaging for MCI and AD.
Structure and Raman spectra of Nd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Y<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−δ</sub> (2001)

Abstract Nd x Y 1− x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ superconductor samples were prepared by the solid‐state reaction method. Yttrium was partially substituted by Nd with a content ranging from 0 to 100%. The phase purity of the given samples was checked by x‐ray diffraction, which showed that the samples are of the pure superconducting phase. The phase transition temperatures T c of all the samples were estimated from the temperature dependence of their resistance measured by the four‐probe technique. T c decreases slightly with increasing neodymium concentration substituted for yttrium. The Raman backscattering spectra were recorded at room temperature in the two polarization configurations z ( x ′ , x ′ ) − z and x ′ ( z , z ) − x ′ . The results show that the Raman shifts of the vibrational modes of the oxygen O4 and of the couple O2–O3 are affected by an internal pressure effect due to the substitution for yttrium by neodymium, which has a larger ion radius. Nd substitution also affects the crystalline structure and leads to disorder of the copper chain layers, which is the main reason for the appearance of Raman lines related to the vibration modes of Cu1 and O1 in the copper chain layer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward Simplifying and Accurately Formulating Fragment Assembly (1995)

The fragment assembly problem is that of reconstructing a DNA sequence from a collection of randomly sampled fragments. Traditionally, the objective of this problem has been to produce the shortest string that contains all the fragments as substrings, but in the case of repetitive target sequences this objective produces answers that are overcompressed. In this paper, the problem is reformulated as one of finding a maximum-likelihood reconstruction with respect to the two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, and it is argued that this is a better formulation of the problem. Next the fragment assembly problem is recast in graph-theoretic terms as one of finding a noncyclic subgraph with certain properties and the objectives of being shortest or maximally likely are also recast in this framework. Finally, a series of graph reduction transformations are given that dramatically reduce the size of the graph to be explored in practical instances of the problem. This reduction is very important as the underlying problems are NP-hard. In practice, the transformed problems are so small that simple branch-and-bound algorithms successfully solve them, thus permitting auxiliary experimental information to be taken into account in the form of overlap, orientation, and distance constraints.
An Augmented Reality Interface for Mobile Information Retrieval (2007)

Recent years have seen growing interest in mobile augmented reality. The ability to retrieve information and display it as virtual content overlaid on top of an image of the real world is a natural extension to a mobile device equipped with a camera and wireless connectivity. Such applications need to address a number of technical hurdles including target recognition and camera pose estimation. Beyond these fundamental challenges, however, there is the problem of data connectivity and user interface presentation. How do we connect mobile clients to multiple data sources that may be changing in real time and provide the user with a flexible interface for navigating through the relevant content? We present an AR user interface framework specifically designed to expose disparate data sources through a single application server. Our proposed system uses an multi-tier architecture to separate back-end data retrieval from front-end graphical presentation and UI event handling. We describe how it might be used to build an oil platform equipment maintenance system, as an example of a collaborative, data-driven mobile application.