gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment and characterization of three new breast-cancer cell lines (1998)

We have established and characterized 3 new breast-cancer cell lines from pleural effusions of patients with advanced breast cancer. All 3 cell lines, designated IBEP-1, IBEP-2 and IBEP-3, showed typical ultrastructural characteristics of epithelial mammary tumor cells. Electron microscopy showed, among other characteristics, the presence of numerous microvilli, desmosomal junctions, intracytoplasmic duct-like vacuoles, well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and large nuclei. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies revealed that the 3 cell lines expressed cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, CEA and CA 15-3, but all showed negative immunoreaction for vimentin. On the other hand, other antigens (LEU-M1, GCDFP 15, c-erbB-2) were expressed by some of the cell lines, but in a variable manner. Ploidy studies confirmed the neoplastic origin of the cell lines. The doubling times were 68 hr for IBEP-1, 29 hr for IBEP-2 and 39 hr for IBEP-3. Only IBEP-2 cells expressed estrogen receptors (ER+), which were down-regulated after preincubation with E2, but they did not express progesterone receptors (PgR-). IBEP-1 and IBEP-3 cells were ER- but expressed PgR (PgR+). In these 2 cell lines, PgR were down-regulated after pre-incubation of the cells with progesterone (10(-8) M) for 24 hr. Estradiol (E2) increased the proliferation rate of IBEP-2 cells and progesterone increased the proliferation of IBEP-I and -3 cell lines. S.C. injection of the 3 IBEP cell lines into nude mice resulted in the growth of solid tumors between 11 and 16 weeks after inoculation. These cell lines could thus be new models for studying various aspects of the biology and the tumorigenicity of breast-cancer cells. A major interest of these new cell lines is that 2 of them were ER- and PgR+, which is an exceptional phenotypic feature. These 2 cell lines could be interesting models for studying the regulation of PgR and the effects of progestins and antiprogestins independently of the presence of ER.
In-band OSNR estimation for Nyquist WDM superchannels (2014)

An in-band OSNR estimator exploiting the cyclostationarity of Nyquist WDM superchannels, prior to dynamic equalization in a digital coherent receiver, is demonstrated with an estimation accuracy ≤1.5dB for roll-offs higher than 0.21 for DP-16QAM and 0.15 for DP-QPSK.
Pyrimidines. V. Analogs of 2-(o-Chlorobenzylthio)-4-dimethylamino- 5-methylpyrimidine (Bayer DG-428)<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. V. Analogs of 2-(o-Chlorobenzylthio)-4-dimethylamino- 5-methylpyrimidine (Bayer DG-428)1HENRY C. KOPPEL, ROBERT HENRE SPRINGER, ROLAND K. ROBINS, and C. C. CHENGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 1, 181–185Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01048a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01048a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Real-Time FPGA-Based 20 000-Word Speech Recognizer With Optimized DRAM Access (2010)

A real-time hardware-based large vocabulary speech recognizer requires high memory bandwidth. We have developed a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-based 20 000-word speech recognizer utilizing efficient dynamic random access memory (DRAM) access. This system contains all the functional blocks for hidden-Markov-model-based speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: feature extraction, emission probability computation, and intraword and interword Viterbi beam search. The feature extraction is conducted in software on a soft-core-based CPU, while the other functional units are implemented using parallel and pipelined hardware blocks. In order to reduce the number of memory access operations, we used several techniques such as bitwidth reduction of the Gaussian parameters, multiframe computation of the emission probability, and two-stage language model pruning. We also employ a customized DRAM controller that supports various access patterns optimized for each functional unit of the speech recognizer. The speech recognition hardware was synthesized for the Virtex-4 FPGA, and it operates at 100 MHz. The experimental result on Nov 92 20 k test set shows that the developed system runs 1.52 and 1.39 times faster than real time using the bigram and trigram language models, respectively.
Slime Mold as a model for numerical optimization (2008)

This work presents a novel approach to single objective optimization using the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd), sometimes known as Slime Mold, as its basis. A short explanation of the biological background of Dd is presented. Inspirations taken from existing computational biology and educational simulation studies of Dd also are provided. Based upon previous works, an algorithm for optimization is constructed called the Slime Mold Optimization Algorithm.
A Quantitative in Vivo Assay for Bacterial Adherence to the Urethra (1985)

Bacterial adherence to urinary tract mucosal surfaces is thought to be the initiating event in ascending urinary tract infection. To study this process, we have developed a physiologic, quantitative, in vivo assay for bacterial adherence to the urethra. The effect of local (vaginal mucosa) immunization on the adherence of E. coli to the urethra was studied. Local immunization with a formalinized E. coli vaccine significantly reduced the capacity of viable cells of the immunizing strain to adhere to the urethra. Immunization-induced decrease in bacterial adherence to urethral mucosa is in agreement with our previous observations that immunization of the vaginal mucosa decreases the adherence of E. coli to the rat bladder. These data provide further evidence of a protective effect from local immunization against ascending urinary tract infection. No obvious change in indigenous urethral flora occurred after mucosal immunization.
[Thoracic aortic stent-grafting at general hospital]. (2011)

Now stent-grafting is regarded as 1st-line treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysm in the setting of favorable anatomic situation. Therefore all the hospitals that have the department of cardiovascular surgery should be capable of performing stent-grafting. Japanese committee of stent-graft management set criteria for the equipment and the license for stent-grafting. We made exertions to fulfill the severe criteria and established a hybrid operating room and a specialized treatment team for stent-grafting.
Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptors and Actions in Rat Leydig Cells (1989)

Rat Leydig cells possess functional high affinity receptors for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). CRF inhibited human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced androgen production in cultured fetal and adult Leydig cells in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no effect on basal testosterone secretion. Comparable inhibitory effects of CRF were observed in the presence or absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. CRF treatment caused a marked reduction of steroid precursors of the androgen pathway (from pregnenolone to testosterone) during gonadotropin stimulation, but it did not influence their basal levels. The inhibitory action of CRF on hCG-induced steroidogenesis was fully reversed by 8-bromo-cAMP but was not affected by pertussis toxin. The action of CRF was rapid; and it was blocked by coincubation with anti-CRF antibody. CRF caused no changes in hCG binding to Leydig cells, and in contrast to other target tissues, CRF did not stimulate cAMP production, indicating that CRF receptors are not coupled to Gs in Leydig cells. These studies have demonstrated that CRF-induced inhibition of the acute steroidogenic action of hCG is exerted at sites related to receptor/cyclase coupling or cAMP formation. The inhibitory effects of CRF in the Leydig cell do not occur through the Gi unit of adenylate cyclase, but could involve pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein(s). These observations demonstrate that CRF has a novel and potent antireproductive effect at the testicular level. Since CRF is synthesized in the testis and is present in Leydig cells, it is likely that locally produced CRF could exert negative autocrine modulation on the stimulatory action of luteinizing hormone on Leydig cell function.
Improved Neural Machine Translation with SMT Features (2016)

Neural machine translation (NMT) conducts end-to-end translation with a source language encoder and a target language decoder, making promising translation performance. However, as a newly emerged approach, the method has some limitations. An NMT system usually has to apply a vocabulary of certain size to avoid the time-consuming training and decoding, thus it causes a serious out-of-vocabulary problem. Furthermore, the decoder lacks a mechanism to guarantee all the source words to be translated and usually favors short translations, resulting in fluent but inadequate translations. In order to solve the above problems, we incorporate statistical machine translation (SMT) features, such as a translation model and an n-gram language model, with the NMT model under the log-linear framework. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves the translation quality of the state-ofthe-art NMT system on Chinese-to-English translation tasks. Our method produces a gain of up to 2.33 BLEU score on NIST open test sets.
Zum Isotopieeffekt der Diffusion von Wasserstoff und Deuterium in Reinsteisen (1966)

Mit Hilfe einer gasvolumetrischen Methode wurden die Diffusion von Wasserstoff und Deuterium in Reinsteisen untersucht, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur zwischen 300 und 1100 °C und in Abhängigkeit vom Beladungsdruck zwischen 50 und 500 Torr. Es ergaben sich für Wasserstoff und Deuterium in α- und γ-Eisen gleiche Aktivierungsenthalpien. Der als Mittelwert aus den Verhältnissen der bei jeweils gleicher Temperatur gemessenen Diffusionskoeffizienten von Wasserstoff und Deuterium ermittelte Isotopieeffekt von 1,2 weicht zu stark von dem nach der ZENERschen Theorie erwarteten Wert von 1,4 ab, als daß noch von einer Übereinstimmung innerhalb der Meßgenauigkeit gesprochen werden kann.
Mechanisms of β-lactam Resistance Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2012)

Treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections becomes more challenging with each passing year. As this pathogen acquires more transferrable resistance mechanisms and continues to rapidly adapt and emerge resistant during the course of antimicrobial therapy, we face the growing threat of pan-resistance. This review has focused on those mechanisms that directly impact the future of β-lactam antibiotics, including the production of β-lactamases, porin-mediated resistance, and/or the overexpression of RND efflux pumps. With the pipeline of new anti-pseudomonal agents diminishing, it is essential that novel therapeutic strategies be explored. These include targeting biofilm formation and maintenance, virulence factors, and resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, we must continue to search for effective antibacterial combinations to not only prevent further emergence of resistance but also treat resistant strains already in the environment.
Ligand-binding domains of nuclear receptors facilitate tight control of split CRISPR activity (2016)

Cas9-based RNA-guided nuclease (RGN) has emerged to be a versatile method for genome editing due to the ease of construction of RGN reagents to target specific genomic sequences. The ability to control the activity of Cas9 with a high temporal resolution will facilitate tight regulation of genome editing processes for studying the dynamics of transcriptional regulation or epigenetic modifications in complex biological systems. Here we show that fusing ligand-binding domains of nuclear receptors to split Cas9 protein fragments can provide chemical control over split Cas9 activity. The method has allowed us to control Cas9 activity in a tunable manner with no significant background, which has been challenging for other inducible Cas9 constructs. We anticipate that our design will provide opportunities through the use of different ligand-binding domains to enable multiplexed genome regulation of endogenous genes in distinct loci through simultaneous chemical regulation of orthogonal Cas9 variants.
Interaction of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> with Endothelial Cells Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Chemoattractant Protein 1 Gene Expression and Protein Production and Triggers Monocyte Migration (2005)

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA), one of the many clinical manifestations resulting from infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium Bartonella henselae, is characterized by angiogenic lesions. Macrophages have been identified as important effector cells contributing to the angiogenic process during B. henselae infection by infiltrating BA lesions and secreting vascular endothelial growth factor. Monocyte-macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) recruits macrophages to sites of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the ability of B. henselae to upregulate MCP-1 gene expression and protein production in the human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC-1. MCP-1 mRNA was induced at 6 and 24 h after treatment with bacteria, whereas protein production was elevated at 6, 24, and 48 h. This induction was not dependent on the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or endothelial cell toll-like receptor 4. However, MCP-1 production was dependent on NF-kappaB activity. Outer membrane proteins of low molecular weight were able to upregulate MCP-1 production. Furthermore, supernatants from B. henselae-infected HMEC-1 were able to induce chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes. These data suggest a mechanism by which the macrophage effector cell is recruited to the endothelium during B. henselae infection and then contributes to bacterial-induced angiogenesis.
STUDYING THE GROWTH OF CANADA'S FORESTS (1931)

A CCORDING to the best available data, about one third of Canada's area, nearly 1,200,000 square miles, may be classed as forest lands.About one quarter of the timbered land is unprofitable or inacces.sible a t the present time, while one half is young growth not yet ready for the axe; the remainder, some 300,000 square miles, carries n e r , chantable timber.It is further estimated that on the average 3,800 square miles are being cut over, and 3,700 square miles burned over annually.To reforest these lands satisfactorily by planting would probably cost Canada seventy million dollars per year.Fortunately nature, if given a chance, can assume practically all of this load.Natural reproduction, although perhaps not always of the most desirable species, is reclaiming a goodly percentage of the cut.over and burned.overlands.I t cannot be denied, however, that Canada's timber situation is uncertain, perhaps serious.I t is a certainty that a hiatus will occur, in some regions at least, between the time of exhaustion of the present supply and the merchantability of the new supply.Forest authorities realize that annual depletion,-by which is meant total wastage through utilization and losses from all causes,-is in excess of annual growth.In other words, the capital stock is being reduced.If
Evaluation of Sphinganine and Sphingosine as Human Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents (2006)

No comparative study of the effects of sphingolipid metabolites on proliferation and differentiation in normal human breast epithelial cells versus stem cells and tumorigenic cells has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potential of sphingoid bases (sphingosine and sphinganine) using a novel cell culture system of normal human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) developed from breast tissues of healthy women obtained during reduction mammoplasty (Type I HBEC with stem cell characteristics and Type II HBEC with basal epithelial cell phenotypes) and transformed tumorigenic Type I HBEC. The results show that sphinganine inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of transformed tumorigenic Type I HBEC more potently than sphingosine (IC(50) for sphinganine 4 microM; sphingosine 6.4 microM). Both sphinganine and sphingosine at high concentrations (8-10 lM) arrested the cell cycle at G(2)/M. Sphinganine inhibited the growth and caused death of Type I HBEC more strongly than sphingosine. In comparison, Type II HBEC (normal differentiated cells) were less sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of sphingoid bases than Type I HBEC (stem cells) or transformed tumorigenic Type I HBEC, suggesting that sphingoid bases may serve as chemotherapeutic agents. At concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 microM) that are below the growth-inhibitory range, sphingoid bases induced differentiation of Type I HBEC to Type II HBEC, as detected morphologically and via expression of a tumor suppressor protein, maspin, which is a marker of Type II HBEC. Thus, sphingoid bases may function as chemotherapeutic as well as chemopreventive agents by preferentially inhibiting cancer cells and eliminating stem cells from which most breast cancer cells arise.
Enzymatic reduction of hexavalent chromium by hexavalent chromium tolerant Pseudomonas ambigua G-1. (1987)

When hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) tolerant Pseudomonas ambigua G-1 was cultivated in nutrient broth containing 150ppm Cr6+, the Cr6+ content of the broth rapidly decreased. The Cr6+ reducing enzyme found in a cell-free extract of P. ambigua G-1 required NADH but not NADPH as a hydrogen donor for the reduction of Cr6+. The specific activities of cell-free extracts of several Cr6+ sensitive mutants derived from P. ambigua G-1 showed decreases to one fourth to one tenth of that of P. ambigua G-1. Glucose protected the Cr6+ reducing enzyme against inactivation on dialysis.
OCR Accuracy Prediction Method Based on Blur Estimation (2016)

In this paper, we propose an OCR accuracy prediction method based on a local blur estimation since blur is one of the important factors that mostly damage OCR accuracy. First, we apply the blur estimation on synthetic blurred images by using Gaussian and motion blur in order to investigate the relation between blur effect and character size regarding OCR accuracy. This relation is considered as a blur-character size feature to define a classifier. Finally, the classifier can separate characters of a given document into three classes: readable, intermediate, and non-readable classes. Therefore, the quality score of the document is inferred from the three classes. The proposed method is evaluated on a published database and on an industrial one. The correlation with OCR accuracy is also given to compare with the state-of-the-art methods.
Feasibility study of an inorganic membrane filter as a support for biomembrane-mimetic structures (2002)

An inorganic membrane filter is being investigated for potential use as a rigid support for a biomembrane-mimetic structure. Initial studies show successful silanization (the chemical grafting of organic molecules onto a substrate) of alkyltrichlorosilane on the filter surfaces. Efforts were made to isolate grafting to one face of the filter as well as both faces. Admittance measurements indicate several possible alkyltrichlorosilane scenarios in relation to the filter pores depending on the grafting procedure used. Water masking of one filter face has the most potential for routine use in forming biomembrane-mimetic structures.
Dictionary of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (2005)

Health professionals are recognizing the major role that nutraceuticals play in health enhancement. As a result, there is a dramatic increase in research aimed at identifying new functional foods and nutraceuticals. There is not, however, a single source that presents this research in a thorough and accessible manner. Comprehensive and complete, th
Radiation Response of Emerging FeRAM Technology (2001)

Printable and flexible electronics attract sustained attention for their low cost, easy scale up, and potential application in wearable and implantable sensors. However, they are susceptible to scratching, rupture, or other damage from bending or stretching due to their "soft" nature compared to their rigid counterparts (Si-based electronics), leading to loss of functionality. Self-healing capability is highly desirable for these "soft" electronic devices. Here, a versatile self-healing polymer blend dielectric is developed with no added salts and it is integrated into organic field transistors (OFETs) as a gate insulator material. This polymer blend exhibits an unusually high thin film capacitance (1400 nF cm <i><sup>-</sup></i><sup>2</sup> at 120 nm thickness and 20-100 Hz). Furthermore, it shows pronounced electrical and mechanical self-healing behavior, can serve as the gate dielectric for organic semiconductors, and can even induce healing of the conductivity of a layer coated above it together with the process of healing itself. Based on these attractive properties, we developed a self-healable, low-voltage operable, printed, and flexible OFET for the first time, showing promise for vapor sensing as well as conventional OFET applications.
An on-line contingency filtering scheme for dynamic security assessment (1997)

This paper describes the philosophy and development of a contingency screening system for the selection and ranking of dynamic security assessment. The most severe cases are identified and ranked high on the contingency list for more exact analysis. The nonsevere cases are filtered out of the list. In the proposed system, a cascade of more restrictive filters is developed based on the sparse transient energy function method.