gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitotane Inhibits Sterol-O-Acyl Transferase 1 Triggering Lipid-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells (2015)

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that harbors a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. Mitotane is approved as an orphan drug for treatment of ACC and counteracts tumor growth and steroid hormone production. Despite serious adverse effects, mitotane has been clinically used for decades. Elucidation of its unknown molecular mechanism of action seems essential to develop better ACC therapies. Here, we set out to identify the molecular target of mitotane and altered downstream mechanisms by combining expression genomics and mass spectrometry technology in the NCI-H295 ACC model cell line. Pathway analyses of expression genomics data demonstrated activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and profound alteration of lipid-related genes caused by mitotane treatment. ER stress marker CHOP was strongly induced and the two upstream ER stress signalling events XBP1-mRNA splicing and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 A (eIF2α) phosphorylation were activated by mitotane in NCI-H295 cells but to a much lesser extent in four nonsteroidogenic cell lines. Lipid mass spectrometry revealed mitotane-induced increase of free cholesterol, oxysterols, and fatty acids specifically in NCI-H295 cells as cause of ER stress. We demonstrate that mitotane is an inhibitor of sterol-O-acyl-transferase 1 (SOAT1) leading to accumulation of these toxic lipids. In ACC tissue samples we show variable SOAT1 expression correlating with the response to mitotane treatment. In conclusion, mitotane confers adrenal-specific cytotoxicity and down-regulates steroidogenesis by inhibition of SOAT1 leading to lipid-induced ER stress. Targeting of cancer-specific lipid metabolism opens new avenues for treatment of ACC and potentially other types of cancer.
Prevention of cerebral infarction in the monkey by omental transposition to the brain. (1978)

The intact omentum of 13 monkeys was lengthened, placed subcutaneously, and laid on the left cerebral hemisphere prior to occluding the left middle cerebral artery. Two of these 13 monkeys developed left cerebral infarct and a right hemiparesis. Nine other monkeys had their left middle cerebral artery occluded without omental protection. All of these 9 developed a left cerebral infarct and 8 of them a right hemiparesis. Intact omentum may prevent a cerebral infarction when placed on the brain prior to MCA occlusion.
Bilingual Auto-Categorization Comparison of Two LSTM Text Classifiers (2019)

Multi linguistic problems such as auto-categorization is not an easy task. It is possible to train different models for each language, another way to do auto-categorization is to build the model in one base language and use automatic translation from other languages to that base language. Different languages have a bias to a language specific grammar and syntax and will therefore pose problems to be expressed in other languages. Translating from one language into a non-verbal language could potentially have a positive impact of the categorization results. A non-verbal language could for example be pure information in form of a knowledge graph relation extraction from the text. In this article a comparison is conducted between Chinese and Swedish languages. Two categorization models are developed and validated on each dataset. The purpose is to make an auto-categorization model that works for n'importe quel langage. One model is built upon LSTM and optimized for Swedish and the other is an improved Bidirectional-LSTM Convolution model optimized for Chinese. The improved algorithm is trained on both languages and compared with the LSTM algorithm. The Bidirectional-LSTM algorithm performs approximately 20% units better than the LSTM algorithm, which is significant.
Role of Microglia in Autism: Recent Advances (2015)

The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, the neuroinflammation processes play an important role in the induction of autistic behavioral changes. Microglial cells can exhibit widely differing functions during brain development, including synaptogenesis and stem cell proliferation, in addition to playing a role in the innate immunity. Mounting evidence indicates that microglial activation or dysfunction can profoundly affect neural development, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. These mechanisms in autism have been investigated using neuropathological studies of human autopsy brains, a large number of murine experimental models and in vivo neuroimaging studies of the human brain. The purpose of this review is to discuss microglial activation or dysfunction and to highlight the detrimental role that microglia play in the development of autism. The recent advances presented in this review support that further elucidation of the mechanisms and kinetics of microglial responses will help to establish a window for therapeutic intervention in individuals with autism.
Evidence of early onset of antidepressant effect in randomized controlled trials. (2001)

Although antidepressant medications are effective in approximately 70% of patients with major depressive disorder, they have a delayed onset of therapeutic effect. This latency is problematic in that it prolongs the impairments associated with depression, leaves patients vulnerable to an increased risk of suicide, increases the likelihood that a patient will prematurely discontinue therapy, and increases medical costs associated with severe depression. No adequately designed prospective trials have been conducted to evaluate comparative time to onset of antidepressant effect. However, evidence suggests that some antidepressant agents may begin to work faster than others. Citalopram, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine each have exhibited statistically significant differences in some measures of antidepressant action within the first 2 weeks of treatment, both in placebo-controlled trials and in head-to-head comparisons with other antidepressants. This article reviews the data that hint at these drug-specific differences in time to onset of action. Given the potential benefits of early-acting antidepressant treatments, the possibility of superior speed of onset of citalopram, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine presented here merits further study in adequately designed, prospective clinical trials.
A Novel Linker Methodology for the Synthesis of Tailored Conjugate Vaccines Composed of Complex Carbohydrate Antigens and Specific T<sub>H</sub>‐Cell Peptide Epitopes (2008)

Pathogenic organisms or oncogenically transformed cells often express complex carbohydrate structures at their cell surface, which are viable targets for active immunotherapy. We describe here a novel, immunologically neutral, linker methodology for the efficient preparation of highly defined vaccine conjugates that combine complex saccharide antigens with specific TH-cell peptide epitopes. This novel heterobifunctional approach was employed for the conjugation of a (1-->2)-beta-mannan trisaccharide from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans as well as the carbohydrate portion of tumor-associated ganglioside GM2 to a TH-cell peptide epitope derived from the murine 60 kDa self heat-shock protein (hsp60). Moreover, the linkage chemistry has proven well suited for the synthesis of more complex target structures such as a biotinylated glycopeptide, a three component vaccine containing an immunostimulatory peptide epitope from interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and for the conjugation of complex carbohydrates to carrier proteins such as bovine serum albumin.
Integrated Synthesis of Linear Nearest Neighbor Ancilla-Free MCT Circuits (2016)

The rapid advances of quantum technologies are opening up new challenges, of which, protecting quantum states from errors is a major one. Among quantum error correction schemes, the surface code is emerging as a natural choice with high-fidelity quantum gates reported for experimental platforms. Surface codes also necessitate the quantum gates to be formed with strict nearest neighbour coupling. State-of-the-art-reversible logic synthesis techniques for quantum circuit implementation do not ensure the logic gates to be formed in a nearest neighbor fashion, and this is handled as a post processing optimization by the insertion of swap gates. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, the inclusion of nearest neighbourhood criteria in a widely used ancilla free reversible logic synthesis method. Experimental results show that this method easily outperforms the earlier two step techniques in terms of gate count without any runtime overhead.
Internal surface, orientational order, and distribution of a polymer network in a liquid crystal matrix (1995)

Optical birefringence of the liquid crystal induced in its isotropic phase by low concentration polymer networks (1--4 % by weight) is used to estimate the internal surface area of the network and its order parameter. The results show conclusively that the polymer networks are finely distributed down to the nanometer scale with the orientational order parameter being an order of magnitude smaller than that of the nematic medium where they are formed. A model structure is presented where molecular fibrils form bundles (relatively rich in polymer) which are responsible for the observed inhomogeneities on the submicrometer scale.
Saturation magnetization of gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (1974)

The saturation magnetization of gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet single crystals of composition Y3[Fe2−x Gax](Fe3−y Gay) O12 with 0≤x+y≤1.5 has been investigated in the temperature range 4.2≤T≤Tc. The magnetization values are below most data of previous investigations on this system. From the fit of the molecular field theory to the experimental results at T=4.2 K the fraction of the tetrahedral gallium ions ft=y/(x+y) could be deduced and are found to range between 1 and 0.91 for 0≤x+y≤1.5. The compensation temperature occurring for x+y&gt;1 has been studied as a function of the gallium distribution.
Opposing Effects of Apolipoprotein M on Catabolism of Apolipoprotein B–Containing Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis (2010)

The data suggest that defect LDL receptor function leads to increased plasma apoM concentrations, which in turn, impairs the removal of VLDL/LDL from plasma. This mechanism opposes the otherwise antiatherogenic effect of apoM.
Potassium depletion and hypertonic medium reduce “non‐coated” and clathrin‐coated pit formation, as well as endocytosis through these two gates (1989)

Intracellular potassium depletion inhibits receptor-mediated endocytotic processes occurring through clathrin-coated pits. Besides the clathrin-coated pit route, flask-shaped invaginations that do not bear a typical clathrin coat have been recently implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholera toxin. These invaginations are called "non-coated" to distinguish them from the typical clathrin-coated pits. In the present study, we have investigated whether "non-coated" invaginations are sensitive, as are clathrin-coated pits, to potassium depletion and whether hypertonic medium, which inhibits receptor-mediated endocytosis, also affects "non-coated" invaginations. We found that 1) both potassium depletion and hypertonic medium reduce "non-coated" invaginations on the cell surface; 2) similar to potassium depletion, hypertonic medium markedly decreases the number of clathrin-coated pits; 3) these changes are accompanied by an inhibition of the internalization (measured morphologically) of cholera toxin-gold through "non-coated" invaginations, as well as of alpha 2-macroglobulin-gold taken up by clathrin-coated pits; and 4) in addition, both the hypertonic medium and potassium depletion inhibit the uptake of horseradish peroxidase, a marker of fluid-phase endocytosis.
Low genus algebraic curves in cryptography (2009)

Preserving a strong connection between mathematics and information security, elliptic and hyperelliptic curve cryptography are playing an increasingly important role during the past decade. We present some problems that relate low genus curves and cryptography. We first discuss a new application of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to a real-world problem of access control in secure broadcasting of data. The asymmetry, introduced by the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem, is the key to achieving the required security feature that existing methods fail to obtain. We then talk about the use of genus 2 curves in the "real model" in cryptography, and present explicit divisor doubling formulas for such curves. These formulas are particularly important for implementation purposes. Finally, we present a new method for finding cryptographically strong parameters for the CM construction of genus 2 curves. This method uses the idea of polynomial parameterization, which allows suitable parameters to be generated in batches. We give a brief analysis of the algorithm. We also provide algorithms for generating parameters for genus 2 curves to be used in pairing-based cryptography. Our method is an adaptation of the Cocks-Pinch construction for pairing-friendly elliptic curves. Our methods start from a prescribed embedding degree k and a primitive quartic CM field K, and output a prime subgroup order r of the Jacobian over a prime field [special characters omitted], with ρ = 2 log(p) / log( r) ≈ 8.
Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation with Successive Cancellation in Uplink OFDMA Systems (2007)

Similar to OFDM systems, OFDMA systems also suffer from frequency mismatches between the receiver and the transmitter. However, the fact that each uplink user has a different frequency offset makes the compensation more challenging than that of OFDM systems. This letter proposes successive interference cancellation (SIC) for compensating the frequency offset in the uplink OFDMA systems. A decorrelator is used to remove the inter-carrier interference (ICI) within a user's signal and successive cancellation is applied to mitigate the multi access interference (MAI) arising due to the frequency difference among uplink users. The proposed algorithm is shown to eliminate the interference and has a manageable complexity.
The Effect of Interleukin-1β, Tumour Necrosis Factor a and Particle Phagocytosis on Monocyte-Osteoclast Differentiation (1999)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are inflammatory cytokines which are known to influence osteoclastic bone resorption. To determine the effect of these cytokines on inflammatory macrophage-osteoclast differentiation, we added IL-1ß and TNFα to long term co-cultures of mouse monocytes and osteoblastic cells. IL-1ß (10 & 100 pg/ml) stimulated osteoclast formation as measured by expression of TRAP and the extent of lacunar bone resorption whereas TNFα (10 & 100 ng/ml) inhibited macrophage-osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Particle phagocytosis (which is known to stimulate the release of these cytokines) did not influence the extent of osteoclast formation. IL-1ß stimulation of osteoclast formation may in part account for the increase in bone resorption associated with this inflammatory cytokine; TNFα inhibition of osteoclast formation may be due to interruption of the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors.
Interconnecting heterogeneous networks to OSI with a global name scheme and gateway address mapping (2003)

The ongoing development of the OSI standards for computer communication prompts existing networks to provide OSI interconnectivity. Achieving this requires two mechanisms: a global scheme to name applications, and specific solutions to provide internetwork addressability between applications. The problem of identification of remote resources across between two networks is considered. A solution is presented for the case of the interconnection of OSI and of a generic non-OSI network architecture. The OSI model is presented first, then an integration strategy is developed, both for naming and addressing. An internetwork directory service instrumental to such an integration is introduced and developed in some detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Memory-Side Protection With a Capability Enforcement Co-Processor (2019)

Byte-addressable nonvolatile memory (NVM) blends the concepts of storage and memory and can radically improve data-centric applications, from in-memory databases to graph processing. By enabling large-capacity devices to be shared across multiple computing elements, fabric-attached NVM changes the nature of rack-scale systems and enables short-latency direct memory access while retaining data persistence properties and simplifying the software stack. An adequate protection scheme is paramount when addressing shared and persistent memory, but mechanisms that rely on virtual memory paging suffer from the tension between performance (pushing toward large pages) and protection granularity (pushing toward small pages). To address this tension, capabilities are worth revisiting as a more powerful protection mechanism, but the long time needed to introduce new CPU features hampers the adoption of schemes that rely on instruction-set architecture support. This article proposes the Capability Enforcement Co-Processor (CEP), a programmable memory controller that implements fine-grain protection through the capability model without requiring instruction-set support in the application CPU. CEP decouples capabilities from the application CPU instruction-set architecture, shortens time to adoption, and can rapidly evolve to embrace new persistent memory technologies, from NVDIMMs to native NVM devices, either locally connected or fabric attached in rack-scale configurations. CEP exposes an application interface based on memory handles that get internally converted to extended-pointer capabilities. This article presents a proof of concept implementation of a distributed object store (Redis) with CEP. It also demonstrates a capability-enhanced file system (FUSE) implementation using CEP. Our proof of concept shows that CEP provides fine-grain protection while enabling direct memory access from application clients to the NVM, and that by doing so opens up important performance optimization opportunities (up to 4× reduction in latency in comparison to software-based security enforcement) without compromising security. Finally, we also sketch how a future hybrid model could improve the initial implementation by delegating some CEP functionality to a CHERI-enabled processor.
[Technical study of vinpocetine micelles prepared by thin-film hydration method]. (2012)

The technology of VP micelles prepared by thin-film hydration method is practical and simple. It's valuable to be further studied.
Research on SOC Estimation for Power Lithium Battery Based on Kalman Filter (2013)

Considering the lithium ion battery, this paper analyzes the influential factors of the SOC and the lithium battery model. Two lithium, ion-powered battery models are proposed. One is the battery-equivalent circuit model (the Thevenin model) and the other is the external characteristic of equivalent model (the algebra model). Kalman filtering is used to estimate the SOC of the battery and is described in detail. The simulation results show that if the error of the SOC initial value is large, the Kalman filter adjusts the SOC value to converge close to the true value. This proves that Kalman filtering is an effective method.
Hydrolysis of wood and cellulose with cellulytic enzymes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of wood and cellulose with cellulytic enzymesWayne E. Moore, Marilyn J. Effland, and Merrill A. MillettCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972, 20, 6, 1173–1175Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60184a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60184a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copy number variation in sulfotransferase isoform 1A1 (SULT1A1) is significantly associated with enzymatic activity in Japanese subjects (2013)

Sulfotransferase isoform 1A1 (SULT1A1) plays a key role in the metabolism of a variety of endo- and xenobiotics and it's activity could influence response to drugs. Our previous studies have focused on the impact of genetic variants of SULT1A1 on enzymatic activity in Caucasians and African-Americans. However, the contribution of genetic variants to SULT1A1 activity in Asians has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the collective effects of both SULT1A1 copy number variants (CNVs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region, coding region, and 3' untranslated region on SULT1A1 activity in Japanese subjects. SNPs in the SULT1A1 promoter and 3' untranslated region were not associated with SULT1A1 activity (P > 0.05). SULT1A1*1/2 (Arg213His) was marginally associated with SULT1A1 activity (P = 0.037). However, SULT1A1 CNVs were strongly associated with SULT1A1 activity (trend test P = 0.008) and accounted for 10% of the observed variability in activity for Japanese subjects. In conclusion, SULT1A1 CNVs play a pivotal role in determination of SULT1A1 activity in Japanese subjects, highlighting the influence of ethnic differences in SULT1A1 genetic variants on drug metabolism and therapeutic efficacy.
Plant design integrates NGL recovery, N sub 2 rejection (1989)

This article introduces the NGL/NRU plant which processes gas from the west lobe of the ARE field. It is the world's largest variable-content NRU, with a processing capacity of up to 360 MMscfd. The authors discuss how the development of an NGL/NRU cycle optimized the nitrogen-rejection cycle and effectively integrated the NRU with NGL recovery.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Intermediates and Subsidiary Colors in FD&C Blue No. 2 (1980)

Abstract High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used in the reverse phase mode for the determination of intermediates and subsidiary colors in commercial samples of FD&C Blue No. 2. Isatin-5-sulfonic acid and the lower sulfonated subsidiary color are determined in one run. A second run at lower concentration is required to quantitate the isomeric subsidiary color, since it is present in large amounts and tends to saturate the detector. The calibration and recovery data are treated statistically to evaluate the performance of the method.
File organization (1984)

A new file organization method that guarantees retrieval of any record in one access is tested on two existing files, producing empirical results that compare favorably with theoretical predictions. The description of the method includes the algorithms used for implementing the required hashing and signature functions.