gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the tissue-imaging performance of confocal microscope architectures via Monte Carlo simulations (2012)

Various confocal microscope architectures have been developed for in vivo tissue imaging, including single-axis confocal (SAC) and dual-axis confocal (DAC) configurations utilizing both point-scanning (PS) and line-scanning (LS) approaches. While it is known that these design variations lead to tradeoffs in imaging performance, a quantitative comparison of the imaging performance of these configurations in highly turbid media would be of value. Here, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the optical-sectioning capability of these various confocal microscope architectures in reflectance mode. In particular, we investigate the axial and transverse responses of these configurations to reflective targets at various depths within a homogenous scattering medium. We find that the DAC-PS configuration results in superior rejection of multiply scattered background light compared to all other configurations, followed in performance by the SAC-PS, the DAC-LS, and then the SAC-LS. Line scanning with both the DAC and SAC configurations leads to photon crosstalk between pixels. However, at shallow depths, the axial and transverse resolution of all configurations is maintained in a homogeneous scattering medium.
Biochemical Assessment of Serotonergic and Cholinergic Dysfunction and Cerebral Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease (1983)

Markers of serotonin synapses in entire temporal lobe and frontal and temporal neocortex were examined for changes in Alzheimer's disease by use of both neurosurgical and autopsy samples. Uptake of [3H]serotonin, binding of [3H]imipramine, and content of indolamines were all significantly reduced, indicating that serotonin nerve terminals are affected. Binding of [3H]serotonin was also reduced, whereas that of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, [3H]muscimol, and [3H]dihydroalprenolol were unaltered. When the Alzheimer's samples were subdivided according to age, the reduction in [3H]serotonin binding was a feature of only autopsy samples from younger patients. In contrast, presynaptic cholinergic activity was reduced in all groups of Alzheimer's samples, including neurosurgical specimens. Five markers, thought to reflect cerebral atrophy, cytoplasm, nerve cell membrane, and neuronal perikarya were measured in the entire temporal lobe. In Alzheimer's disease the reductions (mean 25%, range 20-35%) were thought to be too large to be due only to loss of structures associated with the presumed cholinergic perikarya in the basal forebrain and monoamine neurones in the brain stem.
Time-Delay-Domain and Pseudorandom-Noise Photoacoustic and Photothermal Wave Processes: A Review of the State of the Art (1986)

The application and development of correlation and spec- tral analysis methods to photoacoustic and photothermal wave detec- tion are examined. The purposes of this review are to 1) describe the two most prominent techniques available for photothermal correlation and spectral processing, namely the pseudorandom noise and the fre- quency-modulation (FM) time-delay (or frequency sweep) optical ex- citation; 2) compare the technical features of these techniques, such as measurement dynamic range properties, amount of measurement time required and instrumentation requirements; and 3) present advantages of the techniques over the widely used conventional frequency domain and pulsed laser excitation, as well as a detailed comparison between themselves. Attention is focused on the conceptual and mathematical details of signal generation, processing, and interpretation. Subtle but significant differences in the signal dynamic range, impulse response, and transfer function are shown to determine the limits of each of the two major techniques and are corroborated by the available experi- mental evidence to date. A review of the steadily increasing literature on spectroscopic and thermal imaging applications of these techniques is a powerful indicator of the promise they hold for conducting fun- damental and applied studies, primarily due to 1) the superior wealth of information obtained through pseudorandom photothermal exci- tation, as compared to the conventional frequency dispersive tech- niques and 2) the less destructive nature of the pseudorandom im- pulse response, compared to pulsed laser excitation.
Phosphine as a Reducing Agent (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphine as a Reducing AgentSHELDON A. BUCKLER, LOIS DOLL, FRANK K. LIND, and MARTIN EPSTEINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 794–798Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01050a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1169Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-to-many reliable data distribution using multiple multicast groups (2002)

The exploitation of multicast technologies leads to an improvement in both performance and scalability of some distributed applications. Applications needing reliable transference of data in long-lived sessions from one source to multiple receivers are typical in industrial automation. This paper describes a multicast transport protocol designed according to such needs and implemented with good results in a SCADA system. The authors addressed reliability using a NACK-based approach and implemented flow and congestion control based on destination set grouping in order to achieve fairness in the treatment of all receivers even when a link or a host becomes congested.
Comparison of multiple access schemes for UMTS (2002)

An assessment of several multiple access schemes against UMTS criteria has been carried out within the FRAMES project. Based on this comprehensive evaluation, an harmonized multiple access platform has been designed consisting of two modes, a wideband TDMA with and without spreading and a wideband CDMA, which is presented. Both modes are compared against UMTS criteria. In general, they can both fulfill the UMTS objectives and will form the FRAMES input into UMTS standardization. However, Mode 1 seems more suitable for bursty type of traffic and in addition to FDD for asymmetric TDD operation while Mode 2 suits better for moderately varying circuit switched data in public radio environments.
ADSL/VDSL Principles: A Practical and precise study of asymmetric digital subscriber lines and very high speed digital subscriber lines (1999)

From the Publisher:
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) and Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Lines (VDSL) are the future of access technologies in high-speed communication networks. This book provides the communications and networking engineer with practical explanations, technical detail, and in-depth insight needed to fully implement ADSL and VDSL. ADSL/VDSL Principles covers the topics that are essential to the successful implementation of these technologies.
Molecular iodine/polymer complexes (2013)

Abstract A unique feature of molecular iodine by far, is its ability to bind to polymeric materials. A plethora of natural and synthetic polymers develop complexes when treated with molecular iodine, or with a mixture of molecular iodine and potassium iodide. Many unexpected findings have been encountered upon complexation of iodine and the polymer skeleton, including the color formation, the polymer morphology changes, the complexation sites or regions, the biological activity, and the electrical conductivity enhancement of the complexes, with polyiodides (I n ¯), mainly I 3 ¯ and I 5 ¯, as the actual binding species. Natural polymers that afford such complexes with iodine species are starch (amylose and amylopectin), chitosan, glycogen, silk, wool, albumin, cellulose, xylan, and natural rubber; iodine-starch being the oldest iodine-natural polymer complex. By contrast, numerous synthetic polymers are prone to make complexes, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), nylons, poly(Schiff base)s, polyaniline, unsaturated polyhydrocarbons (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes C 60 /C 70 , polyacetylene; iodine-PVA being the oldest iodine-synthetic polymer complex.
Distinct Roles for Ceramide and Glucosylceramide at Different Stages of Neuronal Growth (1997)

Sphingolipids (SLs) are important structural and regulatory components of neuronal plasma membranes. Previous studies using fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of the synthesis of ceramide, the precursor of all SLs, demonstrated that ceramide synthesis is required to sustain axonal growth in hippocampal neurons (; ) and dendritic growth in cerebellar Purkinje cells (). We now show that ceramide plays distinct roles at different stages of neuronal development. (1) During axon growth, ceramide must be metabolized to glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to sustain growth. Thus, whereas D-erythro-ceramide, which is metabolized to GlcCer, is able to antagonize the disruptive effects of fumonisin B1 on axon growth, L-threo-ceramide, which is not metabolized to GlcCer, is ineffective. (2) The formation of minor processes from lamellipodia can be stimulated by incubation with short-acyl chain analogs of ceramide that are active in ceramide-mediated signaling pathways, or by generation of endogenous ceramide by incubation with sphingomyelinase. However, GlcCer synthesis is not required for this initial stage of neuronal development. (3) During minor process formation and during axon growth, incubation with high concentrations of ceramide or sphingomyelinase, but not dihydroceramide, induces apoptosis. Together, these observations are consistent with the possibility that minor process formation and apoptosis can be regulated by ceramide-dependent signaling pathways and that the decision whether to enter these diametrically opposed pathways depends on intracellular ceramide concentrations. In contrast, axonal growth requires the synthesis of GlcCer from ceramide, perhaps to support an intracellular transport pathway.
Drivers' Anonymity with a Short Message Length for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Network (2008)

In this paper, we propose a broadcast protocol to preserve drivers' anonymity in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications network using the keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC). Future vehicle safety applications will allow vehicles to broadcast their safety-critical information to alert neighboring vehicles of possible collisions. Such safety applications has a very low bandwidth and low communication latencies. We propose to use the keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC) to provide anonymity, authentication and message integrity. The advantages of HMAC over asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are faster processing speed and a shorter message length which makes it suitable for V2V communications. We show that the additional number of bytes to a broadcasted message in our proposed protocol is 49 bytes. The recipients of the broadcasted message can authenticate the sender and verify the integrity of the message without identifying the source. In case of a dispute, only a Trusted Authority can identify the source of broadcasted messages.
Purine 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides as antiinfluenza virus agents (1993)

Twenty purine 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides were synthesized by enzymic pentosyl transfer from 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine. Each nucleoside analogue was assayed for cytotoxicity in uninfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and for their ability to suppress influenza A virus infections in these cells. The most potent antivirial activity was observed with analogues having an amino group in the 2-position of the purine moiety. All 2-unsubstituted analogues were less potent than their 2-amino counterparts. Furthermore, 2-methyl,2-methoxy, or 2-fluoro substitution obliterated antivirial activity. The most cytotoxic member of the series was the 2-fluoro-6-amino analogue (IC50 = 120 microM). 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine and those congeners readily converted to it by adenosine deaminase showed the most potent antivirial activity (IC50 = 15-23 microM). Little cytotoxicity was observed with this subgroup of analogues which renders them worthy of further investigation as potential antiinfluenza agents.
Inhibition by chlorpromazine of lymphokine‐specific mRNA expression in human thymocytes (1989)

This study was designed to determine the effect of the phenothiazine chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the activation of human thymocytes. We provide evidence that CPZ inhibits the accumulation of mRNA specific for the lymphokines, interleukin 2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and the proto-oncogene c-myc; by contrast, the accumulation of mRNA specific for the alpha chain of the interleukin 2 receptor and the subsequent early expression of Tac antigen on the cell surface is not inhibited by CPZ. The inhibition of the expression of lymphokine-specific mRNA results in a decrease in interferon-gamma synthesis and in inhibition of thymocyte proliferation as determined by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. In addition, we show that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in human thymocytes by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) causes the phosphorylation of a protein of a molecular mass of approximately 75 kDa. The function of this protein is as yet not defined, but it is possible that it plays a role in the transduction of the signals to the nucleus which in turn elicit the expression of the genes coding for c-myc and for the lymphokines required for thymocyte activation. We also demonstrate that CPZ, like the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A does not inhibit the phosphorylation of the 75-kDa protein which is induced by the activation of PKC by TPA and does not affect phosphoinositide breakdown, indicating that it exerts its effect at a site distal to the activation of PKC. These observations demonstrate that CPZ has an immunoregulatory function in addition to its psychotropic activity.
A New CMOS VCO Topology with Capacitive Degeneration and Transformer Feedback (2006)

This paper presents a new voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) topology for radio frequency operation. The low phase noise differential CMOS VCO uses capacitive degeneration and transformer coupling between the gate and source of the negative conductance transistor. An on chip transformer in positive feedback is used to increase the voltage swing in resonator and to improve the phase noise. The VCO is tunable from 2.85 GHz to 3.35 GHz with 16% tuning range, and has been fabricated with 0.18mum CMOS technology. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset is -119 dBc/Hz at the operation frequency of 3 GHz. The circuit draws 10 mA from a 1.8V supply
Facebook Hackathon 2016 (2016)

https://epublications.marquette.edu/zuckerberg_files_videos/1117/thumbnail.jpg
Alveolar macrophages down-regulate local pulmonary immune responses against intratracheally administered T-cell-dependent, but not T-cell-independent antigens. (1992)

The role of alveolar macrophages in the pulmonary immune response against various antigens was studied after elimination of alveolar macrophages by intratracheal administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphanate. When the responses against T-cell-independent type 1 and type 2 antigens were compared, it was found that elimination of alveolar macrophages had no effect on T-cell-independent antigens. Intratracheal antigen administration resulted in low lung associated, local responses, although some response was observed in the spleen. In contrast, elimination of alveolar macrophages resulted in an increase in local pulmonary immune response against T-cell-dependent antigens. We conclude from these experiments that alveolar macrophages play an important role in controlling the local pulmonary immune response against T-cell-dependent antigens by down-regulation of local T-cell populations. The alveolar macrophages do not down-regulate the response against intratracheally administered T-cell-independent antigens, although they are important in the protection against inflammatory damage caused by bacterial endotoxins.
Java Thread Programming (1999)

From the Publisher:
Java Thread Programming shows you how to take full advantage of Java's thread facilities: when to use threads to increase your program's efficiency, how to use them effectively, and how to avoid common mistakes. There is thorough coverage of the Thread API, ThreadGroup classes, the Runnable interface, and the synchronized operator. Extensive, complete, code examples show programmers the details of creating and managing threads in real-world applications.
Optimization of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptimization of micellar electrokinetic chromatographyJoe P. FoleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 13, 1302–1308Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00212a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00212a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of nitric oxide in the vascular effects of local warming of the skin in humans (1999)

Local warming of skin induces vasodilation by unknown mechanisms. To test whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved, we examined effects of NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on vasodilation induced by local warming of skin in six subjects. Two adjacent sites on the forearm were instrumented with intradermal microdialysis probes for delivery of L-NAME and sodium nitroprusside. Skin blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) at microdialysis sites. Local temperature (Tloc) of the skin at both sites was controlled with special LDF probe holders. Mean arterial pressure (MAP; Finapres) was measured and cutaneous vascular conductance calculated (CVC = LDF/MAP = mV/mmHg). Data collection began with a control period (Tloc at both sites = 34 degrees C). One site was then warmed to 41 degrees C while the second was maintained at 34 degrees C. Local warming increased CVC from 1.44 +/- 0.41 to 4.28 +/- 0.60 mV/mmHg (P < 0.05). Subsequent L-NAME administration reduced CVC to 2.28 +/- 0.47 mV/mmHg (P < 0.05 vs. heating), despite the continued elevation of Tloc. At a Tloc of 34 degrees C, L-NAME reduced CVC from 1.17 +/- 0.23 to 0.75 +/- 0.11 mV/mmHg (P < 0.05). Administration of sodium nitroprusside increased CVC to levels no different from those induced by local warming. Thus NOS inhibition attenuated, and sodium nitroprusside restored, the cutaneous vasodilation induced by elevation of Tloc; therefore, the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation by local warming requires NOS generation of NO.
On cooperation between evolutionary algorithms and other search paradigms (2003)

We present a multi-agent based approach for achieving cooperation between search systems employing different search paradigms. The search agents periodically interrupt their search, select interesting information from their states that is transmitted to the other agents, filter the information sent to them with respect to their own demands, integrate the remaining information into their search, and then continue the search. There are different kinds of information to be exchanged and the selection is both success- and demand-driven. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by coupling a search system based on a genetic algorithm and a branch-and-bound based system for job-shop-scheduling. Our experiments show that the cooperation results in finding better solutions within a given time limit and in finding solutions comparable to those generated by the best system working alone in less time. The speed-up factors for some examples even exceed the number of agents (computers) used.
PROPERTIES OF THE TRANSLOCATABLE TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE ELEMENT Tn10 IN <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> AND BACTERIOPHAGE LAMBDA (1978)

A number of independent insertions into bacteriophage lambda of the translocatable tetracycline-resistance element Tn10 have been isolated and characterized. The physical positions and relative orientations of several such insertions were determined. Two independent insertions appear to lie in the same orientation at or very near the same site in the cI gene, and two more lie in opposite orientations at or near the same position in or near the rex gene. Insertions in or near genes cI, rex, and cIII have been characterized genetically for their effects on expression of nearby genes. Tn10 appears to exert a polar effect on expression of distal genes when it is inserted within an operon, even when expression of that operon is under the influence of lambda N-function. In addition, Tn10 insertions in rex appear to influence in some way expression of an "upstream" gene, cI. Lambda derivatives carrying Tn10 give rise to spontaneously occurring, tetracycline-sensitive deletions at high frequencies. It is likely that formation of these deletions is promoted in some way by the Tn10 element. Lambda::Tn10 phages carrying a Tn10 element that has undergone several successive cycles of translocation since its first isolation and characterization have been analyzed. The results confirm that Tn10 often retains its physical and functional integrity during many cycles of translocation. Lambda derivatives carrying Tn10 have been used to generate insertions of Tn10 in the chromosome of Escherichia coli. This process is independent of recA function, and seems to be quite analogous to the translocation of Tn10 in Salmonella typhimurium as studied previously.
Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Agonists Decrease Cyclic Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in the Mouse Brain (1996)

The results suggest that the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway is an effector system coupled to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediating sedation.