gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5<i>α</i>-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content* (1989)

The intraprostatic concentrations of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have been measured in only a few men. We measured, in prostatic tissue obtained at surgery from seven men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, the effects of 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist on 1) the intraprostatic concentrations of T, DHT, and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol); 2) prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity; and 3) the prostatic content of androgen receptors (AR). Plasma T, DHT, and 3 alpha-diol levels also were measured. Prostatic tissue samples obtained at surgery from a group of untreated men with benign prostatic hyperplasia also were studied. The mean DHT and 3 alpha-diol concentrations in the prostatic tissue of the treated men were about 10% of those in untreated men (n = 19; P less than 0.01 for DHT and P less than 0.05 for 3 alpha-diol), and the mean intraprostatic T concentration in the treated men was about 25% of that in the control group (0.10 greater than P greater than 0.05). The mean in vitro formation of DHT by the prostatic tissue of the treated men was about 50% lower (P less than 0.05) than that by prostatic tissue of the untreated men (n = 9). The mean cytosolic AR content in the prostatic tissue of the treated men was significantly higher (P less than 0.05), whereas the mean nuclear content of both salt-extractable and salt-resistant AR was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than that in the prostatic tissue of the untreated men (n = 8). The mean plasma T levels in treated men decreased from 4.77 +/- 1.79 (SD) ng/mL (16.5 +/- 6.2 nmol/L) to 0.27 +/- 0.42 ng/mL (0.9 +/- 1.5 nmol/L) after 1 month of therapy and remained in the castrate range thereafter. We conclude that pharmacological castration resulting from 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist decreases the intraprostatic T concentration to about one fourth and those of DHT and 3 alpha-diol to about one tenth of the levels in untreated men. Thus, GnRH agonist treatment may not completely abolish intraprostatic androgen concentrations in metastatic prostatic cancer patients. The decrease in prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity as well as the decrease in nuclear receptors are probably secondary to the decrease in plasma T concentrations.
Regulation of Serum 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> by Calcium and Phosphate in the Rat (1975)

A new radioreceptor assay was used to quantify changes in serum concentration of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats with low calcium or low phosphate diets. Low availability of either ion elicits a fivefold increase in the circulating concentration of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The enhancement of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in response to calcium deficiency is dependent on the presence of the parathyroid or thyroid glands (or both), suggesting that this effect is mediated by parathyroid hormone. In contrast, the response of phosphate deficiency is independent of these glands and may result from an action of low serum phosphate concentration or some factor associated with phosphate depletion on the renal synthesis of the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 hormone.
Experience in shotgun sequencing a 134 kilobase pair DNA molecule (1991)

Until now, large DNA sequences have been obtained by cloning fragments of the target molecule into plasmid, cosmid or bacteriophage lambda vectors. The 134 kbp DNA sequence of channel catfish virus was determined with relative ease by shotgun cloning of random fragments of genomic DNA directly into a bacteriophage M13 vector, sequencing by dideoxynucleotide chain termination, and compilation of the data using Staden's database handling programs. Experience gained during this endeavour indicates that sequences substantially larger than 134 kbp may be obtained using this approach.
Biochemical, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Perspectives of Ginseng (1998)

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng (Araliaceae), has been used in oriental medicine since ancient times as a stimulant, tonic, diuretic, and stomachic agent. In Europe, ginseng phytomedicines are used for a wide range of pharmacological activities. These preparations can increase physical and mental performance, as well as resistance to stress and disease and prevent exhaustion. An update is given on the chemistry, biological effects, molecular mechanisms, and possible therapeutic uses, as well as on quality control, of Panax ginseng and of phytomedicines based on root extracts of this plant. Special emphasis is placed on the structures of the ginsenosides—monodesmosidic and bisdesmosidic saponins—which are considered to be the main active compounds, as well as on their quantitative determination in ginseng roots and phytomedicines.
Substrate Dependence of Growth Configurations for Co–Cu Bimetallic Clusters (2012)

The surface diffusion of Co atoms on the Cu clusters with decahedral, cuboctahedral, and icosahedral structures are studied using the nudged elastic band method along with an analysis embedded atom method. The calculated energy barriers show that the exchange is easier than the hopping as the Co atom diffuses from the {111} to {100} facet. The hopping mechanism is favored for the diffusion between the adjacent {111} facets as the Co adatom on the decahedron and icosahedron. On this basis, atom-by-atom growth molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the structure of the Co–Cu cluster. As Co atoms are deposited onto the Cu decahedron or cuboctahedron, we found that Co atoms only occupy {100} facets. So a Co atom belt on the surface of the Cu decahedral cluster is observed. For Co atoms on the Cu icosahedron, an anomalous core–shell structure, where the Co atoms with a larger surface energy lie on the shell and the Cu atoms with smaller surface energy occupy the core, is observed.
Relaxation dynamics of a broadband nanosecond acoustic pulse in a bubbly medium (2006)

The first experimental observation of the propagation dynamics of a short broadband acoustic pulse in a resonance medium with gas bubbles is carried out. The probing pulse is generated using the optoacoustic effect. It is shown that the theory of short pulse propagation in media with generalized resonance relaxation adequately and accurately describes the dynamics of short pulse dispersion. A possibility to determine the relaxation and resonance parameters of media by the pulsed testing technique is demonstrated.
<i>APOE</i> genotype as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease (1999)

The APOE-epsilon4 allele and carriers of epsilon4 are more frequent among patients with ischemic CVD compared with control subjects. The epsilon2 allele does not appear to be protective for ischemic CVD. These findings imply a role for the APOE genotype in the pathogenesis of some cases of ischemic CVD.
"Organic Fertilizers" a Myth (1972)

Journal Article “Organic Fertilizers” a Myth Get access Lawrence P. Miller Lawrence P. Miller 180 West End Ave., Apt. 27-D, New York, New York 10023 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 22, Issue 11, November 1972, Page 637, https://doi.org/10.2307/1296262 Published: 01 November 1972
FRACTIONAL DIALYSIS WITH CELLOPHANE MEMBRANES (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFRACTIONAL DIALYSIS WITH CELLOPHANE MEMBRANESLyman C. Craig and Te Piao KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 16, 4171–4172Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01597a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01597a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glycosyltransferase Domain of Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a from <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Is Membrane Associated (1999)

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that catalyze the final steps of the peptidoglycan synthesis. Resistance to beta-lactams in Streptococcus pneumoniae is caused by low-affinity PBPs. S. pneumoniae PBP 2a belongs to the class A high-molecular-mass PBPs having both glycosyltransferase (GT) and transpeptide (TP) activities. Structural and functional studies of both domains are required to unravel the mechanisms of resistance, a prerequisite for the development of novel antibiotics. The extracellular region of S. pneumoniae PBP 2a has been expressed (PBP 2a*) in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. The acylation kinetic parameters of PBP 2a* for beta-lactams were determined by stopped-flow fluorometry. The acylation efficiency toward benzylpenicillin was much lower than that toward cefotaxime, a result suggesting that PBP 2a participates in resistance to cefotaxime and other beta-lactams, but not in resistance to benzylpenicillin. The TP domain was purified following limited proteolysis. PBP 2a* required detergents for solubility and interacted with lipid vesicles, while the TP domain was water soluble. We propose that PBP 2a* interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane in a region distinct from its transmembrane anchor region, which is located between Lys 78 and Ser 156 of the GT domain.
Epitaxial Ag templates on Si(001) for bicrystal CoCrTa media (1997)

Ag thin films were sputter deposited on hydrofluoric acid-etched Si(001) single crystal substrates and employed as templates for the epitaxial growth of Cr(001) films and consequently bicrystal CoCrTa(112̄0) films. The orientation relationship was determined to be bicrystal CoCrTa on Cr(001)[100]‖Ag(001)[110]‖Si(001)[110]. X-ray diffraction analysis showed only strong Ag(002) peaks throughout the Ag film thickness range of 50–1500 Å. Atomic force microscopy showed that almost continuous Ag films can be achieved in the thickness range of 500–1000 Å, which result in the highest coercivities in CoCrTa films whose magnetic properties were found to vary with the Ag template thickness and surface morphology. The periodic in-plane angular variation of magnetic properties and torque curves with a four-fold symmetry were confirmed in the bicrystal CoCrTa films.
A Gaze‐enabled Graph Visualization to Improve Graph Reading Tasks (2014)

Abstract Performing typical network tasks such as node scanning and path tracing can be difficult in large and dense graphs. To alleviate this problem we use eye‐tracking as an interactive input to detect tasks that users intend to perform and then produce unobtrusive visual changes that support these tasks. First, we introduce a novel fovea based filtering that dims out edges with endpoints far removed from a user's view focus. Second, we highlight edges that are being traced at any given moment or have been the focus of recent attention. Third, we track recently viewed nodes and increase the saliency of their neighborhoods. All visual responses are unobtrusive and easily ignored to avoid unintentional distraction and to account for the imprecise and low‐resolution nature of eye‐tracking. We also introduce a novel gaze‐correction approach that relies on knowledge about the network layout to reduce eye‐tracking error. Finally, we present results from a controlled user study showing that our methods led to a statistically significant accuracy improvement in one of two network tasks and that our gaze‐correction algorithm enables more accurate eye‐tracking interaction.
Proteolytic enzymes in bronchopulmonary lavage fluids: cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase. (1981)

Two proteolytic enzymes, a cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase activity, were demonstrated in cellular elements and fluids obtained from human bronchopulmonary washings and in fragments of human lung tissue. Model synthetic substrates were used for the determination of enzyme activities. Cathepsin B-like activity was determined with N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamide. The rate of reaction with this substrate was 300 times greater than the rate with alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginyl-2-naphthylamide, a substrate commonly used for the determination of cathepsin B activity. Prolyl endopeptidase was determined with N-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-sulfamethoxazole as the substrate. The two model substrates make possible the determination of enzyme activities in as little as 10 to 50 microliters of lavage fluid. High cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase were generally associated with high macrophage counts in lavage fluids. This observation and the findings that cathepsin B activity is more than 4.5 times higher in normal monocytes than in neutrophils and that prolyl endopeptidase activity could not be detected in normal neutrophils suggest that the enzymes in lavage fluids are mainly derived from macrophages. Large differences in cathepsin B-like activity in certain lavage fluids containing similar macrophage counts suggest the possibility of enzyme induction in these cells. High cathepsin B-like activity and prolyl endopeptidase were also found in lavage fluids after removal of cells by centrifugation. The possibility that these enzymes affect collagen turnover and lung remodeling needs to be explored.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: Basic Concepts, Instrumental Aspects, Applications and Trends (1987)

Ion-Solid Interaction. Aspects of Quantitative Elemental Sims-Analysis. Instrumentalion. Operational Modes. Application of Sims. Comparison of Sims with Other Analytical Techniques. Developments. Appendix A. Appendix B. Index.
Association of Red Blood Cell Transfusion, Anemia, and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants (2016)

Among VLBW infants, severe anemia, but not RBC transfusion, was associated with an increased risk of NEC. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether preventing severe anemia is more important than minimizing RBC transfusion.
Memory module selection for high level synthesis (2002)

High level synthesis studies have produced many tools which enable us to design the processing unit of applications. The emergence of new communication services has lead to significant growth in the amount of data to be processed in VLSI chips. It involves to synthesis of memory architecture which enables us to satisfy all the application constraints. To obtain this organization, the first step is to select memory from a component library. This paper suggests a formulation of this problem through a minimization of function under constraints. Our approach takes place after the processing unit synthesis and our methodology can be applied to FPGA chips.
Effect of Silane Coupling Agents with a Bisfunctional Hydrolyzable Group (1993)

Improvement of the siloxane layer on minerals by using a bisfunctional silane, such as 1,6-bis(trichlorosilyl) hexane and 1,8 bis(trichlorosilyl)octane, and the effects on adhesion of methacrylic resin to glass plates treated with the silanes were studied. The tensile bond strength of the resin to the glass plate treated with bisfunctional silane alone was high (about 20MPa) in spite of the fact that the molecule contains no double bonds. Furthermore, a mixture of bisfunctional silane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrichlorosilane showed an excellent effect for tensile bond strength and water-resistance. Based on the results, it is suggested that the better water resistant adhesion of the mixed silane depends on the higher degree of crosslinking in the siloxane phase and on the formation of an interpenetrating polymer network between the siloxane layer and the matrix resin.
Thyroid Function of the Aged as Viewed from the Pituitary-Thyroid System (1974)

Functional changes of the pituitary thyroid system in healthy aged subjects ranging from 60 to 94 year olds were compared with those of healthy adults from 25 to 35 year olds.As a result, significant decreases in triiodothyronine resin sponge uptake rate and free thyroxine index (FT4I) were observed in the aged group, while no significant change in the thyroxine levels was indicated. TSH levels in serum tended to be elevated in the aged, although no negative correlation between TSH levels and FT4I was seen. A significant difference in TSH responses between 100μg and 300μg doses of TRF was observed in the adult control, on the other hand, no difference was seen in the aged group. A comparison of TSH responses to relatively small doses of TRF (100μg) was made between the adult control and the aged, and a significantly higher responsiveness was observed in the aged group. It is postulated that a higher TSH response to relatively smaller doses of TRF is characteristic in the aged probably due to a reflection of a latent hypothyroid state.
Wearable and flexible thermoelectric generator with enhanced package (2013)

Present work shows recent progresses in thin film-based flexible and wearable thermoelectric generator (TEG), finalized to support energy scavenging and local storage for low consumption electronics in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) applications and buildings integration. The proposed TEG is able to recover energy from heat dispersed into the environment converting a thermal gradient to an effective electrical energy available to power ultra-low consumption devices. A low cost fabrication process based on planar thin-film technology was optimized to scale down the TEG dimensions to micrometer range. The prototype integrates 2778 thermocouples of sputtered Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> thin films (1 μm thick) on an area of 25 cm<sup>2</sup>. The electrical properties of thermoelectric materials were investigated by Van der Pauw measurements. Transfer Length Method (TLM) analysis was performed on three different multi-layer contact schemes in order to select the best solution to use for the definition of the contact pads realized on each section of the thermoelectric array configuration to allow electrical testing of single production areas. Kapton polyimide film was used as flexible substrate in order to add comfortable lightweight and better wearability to the device. The realized TEG is able to autonomously recover the thermal gradient useful to thermoelectric generation thanks to an appropriate package designed and optimized by a thermal analysis based on finite element method (FEM). The proposed package solution consists in coupling the module realized onto Kapton foil to a PDMS layer opportunely molded to thermally insulate TEG cold junctions and enhance the thermal gradient useful for the energy scavenging. Simulations results were compared to experimental tests performed by a thermal infrared camera, in order to evaluate the real performance of the designed package. First tests conducted on the realized TEG indicate that the prototype is able to recover about 5°C between hot and cold thermocouples junctions with a thermal difference of 17°C initially available between body skin and environment, generating about 2 V of open circuit output voltage.
CMOS stress sensor circuits using piezoresistive field-effect transistors (PIFETs) (2002)

CMOS analog stress sensor circuits based upon the piezoresistive behavior of MOSFETs are proposed. On the (100) surface, these circuits provide temperature compensated output voltages and currents that are proportional to the inplane normal stress difference (/spl sigma//sub 11//sup -/-/spl sigma//sub 22//sup -/) and the in-plane shear stress /spl sigma//sub 12//sup -/ The circuits offer high sensitivity to stress, highly localized stress measurement and provide direct voltage or current outputs, eliminating the need for tedious /spl Delta/R/R measurements required with more traditional resistor rosettes.
Developments in health sciences libraries since 1974: from physical entity to the virtual library (1993)

THIS ARTICLE PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW of the shaping forces in health sciences libraries during the last two decades and a discussion of selected developments which had a profound effect on their evolution from the physical entity to the virtual library.These developments include the advent of online searching, the development of integrated library systems and networked resources, the expansion of interlibrary loan and document delivery systems, and the concept of the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IALMS).The contributions of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to health sciences libraries and biomedical communications are described.Conclusions and observations suggest that libraries and librarians will play a greater role in information access and management than they have in the past as networked information continues to expand.
Therapeutic targeting of human hepatocyte growth factor with a single neutralizing monoclonal antibody reduces lung tumorigenesis (2008)

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway is involved in lung tumor growth and progression, and agents that target this pathway have clinical potential for lung cancer treatment. L2G7, a single potent anti-human HGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody, showed profound inhibition of human HGF-induced phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase induction, wound healing, and invasion in lung tumor cells in vitro. Transgenic mice that overexpress human HGF in the airways were used to study the therapeutic efficacy of L2G7 for lung cancer prevention. Mice were treated with the tobacco carcinogen, nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, over 4 weeks. Beginning at week 3, i.p. treatment with 100 mug L2G7 or isotype-matched antibody control, 5G8, was initiated and continued through week 15. The mean number of tumors per mouse in the L2G7-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group (1.58 versus 3.19; P = 0.0005). Proliferative index was decreased by 48% (P = 0.013) in tumors from L2G7-treated mice versus 5G8-treated mice, whereas extent of apoptosis was increased in these same tumors by 5-fold (P = 0.0013). Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase expression was also significantly decreased by 84% in tumors from L2G7-treated mice versus 5G8-treated mice (P = 0.0003). Tumors that arose in HGF transgenic animals despite L2G7 treatment were more likely to contain mutant K-ras, suggesting that targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway may not be as effective if downstream signaling is activated by a K-ras mutation. These preclinical results show that blocking the HGF/c-Met interaction with a single monoclonal antibody delivered systemically can have profound inhibitory effects on development of lung tumors.