gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsar Timing and Its Application for Navigation and Gravitational Wave Detection (2018)

Pulsars are natural cosmic clocks. On long timescales they rival the precision of terrestrial atomic clocks. Using a technique called pulsar timing, the exact measurement of pulse arrival times allows a number of applications, ranging from testing theories of gravity to detecting gravitational waves. Also an external reference system suitable for autonomous space navigation can be defined by pulsars, using them as natural navigation beacons, not unlike the use of GPS satellites for navigation on Earth. By comparing pulse arrival times measured on-board a spacecraft with predicted pulse arrivals at a reference location (e.g. the solar system barycenter), the spacecraft position can be determined autonomously and with high accuracy everywhere in the solar system and beyond. We describe the unique properties of pulsars that suggest that such a navigation system will certainly have its application in future astronautics. We also describe the on-going experiments to use the clock-like nature of pulsars to “construct” a galactic-sized gravitational wave detector for low-frequency ( $f_{GW}\sim 10^{-9} \text{--} 10^{-7}$ Hz) gravitational waves. We present the current status and provide an outlook for the future.
The First Total Synthesis of (+)-Bullatacin, a Potent Antitumor Annonaceous Acetogenin, and (+)-(15,24)-bis-epi-Bullatacin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe First Total Synthesis of (+)-Bullatacin, a Potent Antitumor Annonaceous Acetogenin, and (+)-(15,24)-bis-epi-BullatacinHiroyuki Naito, Eiji Kawahara, Katsunori Maruta, Minoru Maeda, and Shigeki SasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4419–4427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views799Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Fat Tree- An Optical/Electrical Hybrid Interconnection for Data Center (2012)

An optical/electrical hybrid interconnection termed enhanced fat tree with an improved optical circuit switching strategy and multi-wavelength router is proposed. It solves the inefficient flow-based routing in fat tree and achieves considerable performance.
Does low output laser stimulation enhance the healing of crural ulceration? Some critical remarks (2002)

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of laser stimulation on crural ulceration healing. Three groups were established at random from patients with crural ulceration: A, B and C. Group A included 21 patients, group B included 22 patients and group C, 22 patients. Patients in all groups were treated with pharmaceuticals and with compressive therapy. The ulcers in group A were additionally irradiated with laser light of wavelength 810 nm, so that a dose of 4 J/cm2 was applied in each procedure. Patients in group B were additionally subjected to a blind test (with placebo in the form of quasi-laser therapy). At the end of the treatment a statistically significant reduction of the area and volume of the ulcers was found in all groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of average rate of change per week of the relative area of ulceration and average rate of change per week of the relative volume of ulceration. Reduction of infected area was observed in all groups, but a significant change was only observed in group C. No significant impact of laser light (lambda=810 nm, P=65 mW, p=4 J/cm2) on any of the stages of ulceration healing was observed.
Techniques for suppression of an interfering talker in co-channel speech (2005)

The problem addressed by this study is the suppression of an undesired talker when two talkers are communicating simultaneously on the same monophonic channel (co-channel speech). Two different applications are considered, improved intelligibility for human listeners, and improved performance for automatic speech and speaker recognition (ASR) systems. For the human intelligibility problem, the desired talker is the weaker of the two signals with voice-to-voice power ratios (Power desired / Power interference), or VVRs, as low as -18dB. For ASR applications, the desired talker is the stronger of the two signals, with VVRs as low as 5dB. Signal analysis algorithms have been developed which attempt to separate the co-channel spectrum into components due to the two different (stronger and weaker) talkers.
Computational human factors in human-machine engineering-the Army-NASA aircrew/aircraft integration (A/sup 3/I) program (2003)

The A/sup 3/I program is joint US Army-NASA exploratory program to develop a rational predictive methodology for helicopter cockpit system design, including mission requirements and training-system implications, that integrates human factors engineering with other vehicle system design disciplines at an early stage in the development process. The program will produce a prototype human factors/computer-aided engineering (HF/CAE) workstation suite for use by design professionals. This interactive environment will include computational and expert systems for the analysis and estimation of the impact of cockpit design and mission specification on system performance by considering the performance consequences from the human component of the system, especially as an integral part of the overall system operation, and from the very beginning of the design process. The central issues of pilot workload, performance, and training needs, and appropriate uses of automation are interrelated to effect all integrated design considerations in future man-machine systems. The goal is to aid designers in understanding these complex interactions and in optimally matching human capabilities with advanced cockpit systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereochemical control of ribosomal peptidyltransferase reaction. Role of amino acid side-chain orientation of acceptor substrate (1981)

The substrate specificity of the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase of Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes was investigated in the fMet-tRNA.A-U-G.70S ribosome and AcPhe-tRNA.poly(U).70S ribosome systems by using a series of 2'- and 3'-aminoacyldinucleoside phosphates as acceptors. These chemically synthesized compounds are analogues of the 3' termini of either 2'(3')-, 2'-, or 3'-aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acids (AA-tRNAs) of the types C-A-aa, C-2'-dA-aa, C-3'-dA-aa, C-3'-dA-3'-NH-aa, and C-2'-dA-2'-NH-aa (aa = Phe, D-Phe, Lys, Leu, Ala, Glu, Pro, Gly, Asp, Met, and alpha-aminoisobutyryl). It was found that the 3'-aminoacyl derivatives of optically active amino acids are much better acceptors of N-formyl-L-methionine (fMet) or N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine (AcPhe) residues than the isomeric 2'-aminoacyl derivatives with affinity constant ratios (KM 2'/3') greater than 100. Likewise, C-A(D-Phe) is a weaker acceptor than the corresponding L derivative C-A-Phe. In contrast, all glycyl derivatives (C-2'-dA-Gly, C-3'-dA-Gly, C-3'-dA-3'-NH-Gly and C-2'-dA-2'-NH-Gly) are good acceptors of the fMet residue, with ratios (KM 2'/3') of approximately 2. On the basis of these results, a model for the stereochemical control of the peptidyl-transferase reaction is proposed. It assigns a major role to the orientation of the amino acid side chain in 2'- or 3'-AA-tRNA. A detailed model of the interaction of the acceptor terminus of 3'-AA-tRNA with the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase is also proposed. The model is strikingly similar to those for the active sites of proteolytic enzymes.
Analyzing parallel program executions using multiple views (1990)

To understand a parallel program's execution we must be able to analyze lots of information describing complex relationships among many processes. Various techniques have been used, from program replay to program animation, but each has limited applicability and the lack of a common foundation precludes an integrated solution. Our approach to parallel program analysis is based on a multiplicity of views of an execution. We use a synchronization trace captured during execution to construct a graph representation of the program's behavior. A user manipulates this representation to create and fine-tune visualizations using an integrated, programmable toolkit. Additional execution details can be recovered as needed using program replay to reconstruct an execution from an existing synchronization trace. We present a framework for describing views of a parallel program's execution, and an analysis methodology that relates a sequence of views to the program development cycle. We then describe our toolkit implementation and explain how users construct visualizations using the toolkit. Finally, we present an extended example to illustrate both our methodology and the power of our programmable toolkit.
Driving and sorting of the fluorescent droplets on digital microfluidic platform (2018)

In this paper, we present a digital microfluidic droplet sorting platform to achieve automated droplet sorting based on fluorescent detection. We design and fabricate a kind of digital microfluidic chip for manipulating nano-liter-sized liquid droplets, and the chip is integrated with a fluorescence-initiated feedback system for real-time sorting control. The driving and sorting characteristics of fluorescent droplets encapsulating fluorescent-labeled particles are studied on this platform. The droplets dispensed from on-chip reservoir electrode are transported to a fluorescence detection site and sorted according to their fluorescence signals. The fluorescent droplets and non-fluorescent droplets are successfully separated and the number of fluorescent particles inside each droplet is quantified by its fluorescent intensity. We realize droplet sorting at 20 Hz and obtain a linear relationship between the fluorescent particle concentrations and the fluorescence signals. This work is easily adapted for sorting out fluorescent-labeled microparticles, cells and bacteria and thus has the potential of quantifying catalytic or regulatory bio-activities.
Gene Amplification of c- <i>myc</i> and N- <i>myc</i> in Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (1986)

The relationship of the copy numbers of the c-myc and N-myc oncogenes to tumor formation and progression was studied in small cell carcinoma of the lung. When 96 neoplastic lesions from 45 patients were examined, these lesions could be grouped into three categories: high copy (tumors with greater than 3 copies of the N-myc or c-myc gene per haploid genome), middle copy (1.5 to 3 copies per genome), and normal copy. Fourteen of the patients had middle copy tumors, but this was almost always a result of chromosome duplication rather than the amplification of a small genetic locus. In contrast, five patients had high copy tumors, with the increased copy number in each case due to gene amplification. The amplification did not occur in a heterogeneous fashion within individual patients, since all metastatic lesions from patients with high copy lung tumors were also high copy, while none of 41 metastatic lesions from the other patients were high copy. These data suggest that gene amplification is an important step in neoplastic growth in a subset of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and that this genetic event occurs relatively early (before metastasis) in this subset.
Building table formatting tools (2011)

In this paper we present an overview of the challenges to overcome when developing table authoring tools, including a review of logical table models, typographical issues and automated table layout optimization. We present a Table Drawing Tool prototype which implements an automated solution for the table layout optimization problem for tables with spanning cells using a mathematical modelling method. We report on the performance improvements of this new optimization method compared to previous solutions
The first dinosaur trackway from the Valtos Sandstone Formation (Bathonian, Jurassic) of the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK (1998)

A trackway from near the base of the Valtos Sandstone Formation (Bathonian, Jurassic) was discovered on a loose block of bioclastic sandstone. Nine distinct track cast, and some less distinct, are persevered in hyporelief on a mud-cracked surface with two sea-worn counterparts of three of the tracks. Of these tracks only four can be associated with confidence into two trackways. The individual track sizes range from about 18cm to over 30cm in length and are characteristic of a Eubrontes/Grallator association.
Carboplatin/Ifosfamide Window Therapy for Osteosarcoma: Results of the St Jude Children’s Research Hospital OS-91 Trial (2001)

This pilot trial suggests that carboplatin/ifosfamide combination chemotherapy has substantial antitumor activity. In the context of a multiagent chemotherapy protocol comprising high-dose methotrexate and doxorubicin, we found that the addition of carboplatin/ifosfamide resulted in patient outcomes comparable to trials using cisplatin-based therapy with less long-term toxicity.
Highly Active Metal‐Free Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds (2011)

Abstract New highly active ansa ‐ammonium borate catalysts for the direct metal‐free hydrogenation of imines were prepared by tuning of the basicity and steric bulkiness of their amine moieties. The highest catalytic activity among previously reported organocatalytic systems was shown for a wide range of nitrogen‐containing substrates. The first example of asymmetric imine hydrogenation based on the ansa ‐ammonium borate concept was demonstrated. Furthermore, effective catalyst recovery by extraction of the acidic solution with an organic solvent followed by dehydration with TMSBr was elaborated. The initial findings highlight the development of more effective chiral ansa ‐ammonium borates for enantioselective hydrogenation. Therefore, the progress achieved in the ansa ‐ammonium borate concept makes it very promising for further elaboration with the aim to obtain industrially applicable catalysts.
Image Quality Assurance in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Network of the National Lung Screening Trial (2005)

The National Lung Screening Trial is evaluating the effectiveness of low-dose spiral CT and conventional chest X-ray as screening tests for persons who are at high risk for developing lung cancer. This multicenter trial requires quality assurance (QA) for the image quality and technical parameters of the scans. The electronic system described here helps manage the QA process. The system includes a workstation at each screening center that de-identifies the data, a DICOM storage service at the QA Coordinating Center, and Web-based systems for presenting images and QA evaluation forms to the QA radiologists. Quality assurance data are collated and analyzed by an independent statistical organization. We describe the design and implementation of this electronic QA system, emphasizing issues relating to data security and privacy, the various obstacles encountered in the installation of a common system at different participating screening centers, and the functional success of the system deployed.
Microencapsulation of Enzymes and Cells for Nonaqueous Biotransformations (2003)

The use of biocatalysts in nonaqueous organic solvents is now a well-established method for the preparation of pharmaceutical products (1-2), food ingredients (3-5), and intermediates used in the fine chemicals industry (6-10). One of the advantages of this approach is that it enables the bioprocess operation at much higher concentrations of poorly water-soluble substrates, thus making both the synthesis and product recovery more attractive from a practical standpoint (11,12). However, many enzymes, and certainly microorganisms, still require a substantial amount of water present to maintain their catalytic activity at synthetically useful levels. In these cases, conventional aqueous-organic two-phase systems are still widely used, although the rates of mass transfer and inactivation of biocatalysts at the interface can be a serious drawback (13-16).
The Cell Cycle as a Target for Cancer Therapy: Basic and Clinical Findings with the Small Molecule Inhibitors Flavopiridol and UCN-01 (2002)

Many tumor types are associated with genetic changes in the retinoblastoma pathway, leading to hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases and incorrect progression through the cell cycle. Small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are being developed as therapeutic agents. Of these, flavopiridol and UCN-01 are being explored in cancer patients in phase I and phase II clinical trials, both as single agents and in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The present article discusses the mechanisms of action of flavopiridol and UCN-01 as well as the outcome of clinical trials with these novel agents.
Self-Assembly Patterning of Silica Colloidal Crystals (2005)

We developed a self-assembly process of silica particles to fabricate desired patterns of colloidal crystals having high feature edge acuity and high regularity. A micropattern of colloidal methanol prepared on a self-assembled monolayer in hexane was used as a mold for particle patterning, and slow dissolution of methanol into hexane caused shrinkage of molds to form micropatterns of close-packed SiO2 particle assemblies. This result is a step toward the realization ofnano/micro periodic structures for next-generation photonic devices by a self-assembly process.
Dielectric film deposition by atmospheric pressure and low temperature CVD using TEOS, ozone, and new organometallic doping sources (2003)

An atmospheric-pressure CVD technology using TEOS, ozone, and new organometallic doping sources, such as tris(trimethylsilil)borate, ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiO)/sub 3/B, is described. This technology offers excellent dielectric films with respect to step coverage, film stress, moisture resistance, and thermal flow characteristics. Nondoped silicon dioxide and BSG films are deposited to cover conformably even a deeply trenched substrate. They can be used as a dielectric film between a polysilicon and an aluminum layer or between aluminum layers without any planarization process. BPSG films showed good step coverage, and could be smoothly reflowed at a low temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS (1971)

Five essential oils namely: Zanthoxylum datum, Acanthospermum hispidum, Polyalthia longifolia, Blumea eriantha and Viper nigrum were tested for antibacterial properties individually and in their combinations (1:1) against fifteen pathogenic and non–pathogenic microbes. The in vitro filter paper disk method was adopted exclusively for evaluating the inhibitory activity of the samples, employed. The essential oils were found to exhibit significant antibacterial properties. It is, therefore, suggested that these essential oils may be freely incorporated in various types of dermatological medicaments.
minFlash: A Minimalistic Clustered Flash Array (2016)

NAND flash is seeing increasing adoption in the data center because of its orders of magnitude lower latency and higher bandwidth compared to hard disks. However, flash performance is often degraded by (i) inefficient storage I/O stack that hides flash characteristics under Flash Translation Layer (FTL), and (ii) long latency network protocols for distributed storage. In this paper, we propose a minimalistic clustered flash array (minFlash). First, minFlash exposes a simple, stable, error-free, shared-memory flash interface that enables the host to perform cross-layer flash management optimizations in file systems, databases and other user applications. Second, minFlash uses a controller-to-controller network to connect multiple flash drives with very little overhead. We envision minFlash to be used within a rack cluster of servers to provide fast scalable distributed flash storage. We show through benchmarks that minFlash can access both local and remote flash devices with negligible latency overhead, and it can expose near theoretical max performance of the NAND chips in a distributed setting.
Optical phase coherent locking of a 1550-nm mode-locked source to an optical atomic clock's fs comb (2004)

We have obtained optical phase coherence between a 1550-nm mode-locked diode laser and a 800-nm femtosecond frequency comb used in an optical atomic clock.
A randomized phase 2 study of durvalumab monotherapy and in combination with tremelimumab in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC): ALPS study. (2018)

217 Background: Durvalumab (D) and tremelimumab (T), monoclonal antibodies against PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints, have shown efficacy as monotherapy/combination therapy in multiple cancer types. Herein, we report a randomized phase 2 study to evaluate efficacy and safety of D monotherapy with or without T (D+T) in previously treated mPDAC. Methods: Part A was a lead-in safety and signal-seeking study with plans to expand to Part B as a nonrandomized or randomized controlled study pending efficacy signal. Eligible pts had progressive disease (PD) following front-line 5-FU- or gemcitabine-based therapy. In Part A, pts were randomized to D (1.5 g IV Q4W) or D+T (D 1.5 g IV + T 75 mg IV Q4W × 4 doses → D 1.5 g IV Q4W) for up to 12 months (mo) or until confirmed PD or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate per RECIST 1.1. Results: In Part A, 65 pts were randomized to D (n = 33) or D+T (n = 32). Due to a pretreatment death, 64 pts received therapy. Eleven pts (34.4%) in D+T and 10 (31.3%) in D had treatment-related adverse events (trAEs); 7 (22%) in D+T and 2 (6%) in D had grade ≥3 trAEs. Common trAEs: fatigue (12.5%), diarrhea (12.5%), and hypothyroidism (9.4%) in D+T; fatigue (9.4%), diarrhea (6.3%), and pruritus (6.3%) in D. Grade ≥3 trAEs were diarrhea (9.4%), fatigue (6.3%) in D+T and ascites (3.1%), hepatitis (3.1%), and increased lipase (3.1%) in D. In D+T, 3 (9.4%) pts and 1 (3.1%) in D discontinued therapy due to trAEs. No trAEs resulted in death. In D+T, 1 (3.1%) pt had a durable confirmed partial response (PR) > 12 mo and disease control rate (DCR) was 9.4%. In D, 2 (6.1%) pts had unconfirmed PRs, and the DCR was 6.1%. Median PFS in both arms was 1.5 mo, and median OS was 3.1 mo in D+T and 3.6 mo in D. Biomarker analyses (tumor mutation burden, PD-L1 and microsatellite status) are currently being evaluated. Conclusions: Typical safety profiles were observed for D or D+T in mPDAC. Part B was not enrolled as the threshold for efficacy was not met in Part A. D and D+T had modest activity in second-line non-selected mPDAC, underpinning the need for multimodal immune-based combinations to overcome intrinsic resistance in this disease. Clinical trial information: NCT02558894.