gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Presenting Manifestations of Lyme Disease and the Outcomes of Treatment (2003)

To the Editor: A trial of vaccination against Lyme disease provided an opportunity for us to determine the relative frequencies of the presenting manifestations of Lyme disease and the outcomes of treatment in a large population.1 Our goal was to identify all cases of Borrelia burgdorferi infection that occurred among the 10,936 participants in 10 states where the infection is endemic during the 20-month study period. Of the 1917 participants who were evaluated for Lyme disease, 269 met the prospectively defined criteria for definite, possible, or asymptomatic infection.1 After completion of the study, post hoc analyses were performed for patients . . .
CIS thin film manufacturing at Shell Solar: practical techniques in volume manufacturing (2005)

CIS technologies have emerged from the laboratory. Hand crafted construction of a few small devices has given way to practical methods essential to the continuous manufacturing of large modules in high volumes. This paper surveys the present status of CIS production technology as employed at Shell Solar and reviews in detail a number of the methods developed during the transition to volume manufacturing.
Genotyping methods for monitoring the epidemic evolution of A. baumannii strains (2015)

Acinetobacter baumannii is clustered with other phenotypically similar species into what has commonly become known as the ACB complex: A. calcoaceticus, A. pittii and, A. nosocomialis. The ecology and pathology of most of these species are not well understood, mainly because current specific phenotypic techniques have, to date, been insufficient. This has inhibited both the precise identification of, as well as the ability to discriminate between, these clinically important and closely related Acinetobacter strains. However, new genotypic methods have greatly enhanced our capacity to identify the ACB complex. This has resulted in the implementation of more rational infection control programs. Several genotypic identification methods are explored in this study, including non-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and PCR-based methods. These methods include ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA identification, multilocus sequence typing, single locus sequence typing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, restriction analysis of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequences, rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA, and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR; however, there is no current single ideal genotyping method. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. With this in mind we reviewed current and new genotyping methods used to characterize the Acinetobacter species.
Quality-Control Programs for Seedborne Pathogens (1983)

Presentation de deux methodes de controle de qualite, pour des evaluations directes ou indirectes, pour la determination de la taille des echantillons necessaire permettant la detection des faibles niveaux de contamination avec une probabilite de succes garantie
Glucose‐6‐Phosphatase: Two Concepts of Membrane‐Function Relationship (1989)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multifunctionality of Glucose-6-Phosphatase Latency—A Characteristic of Membrane-Associated Enzymes The Translocase-Catalytic-Unit Concept of Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Membrane Relationship The Conformation-Substrate-Transport Concept of Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Membrane Relationship Purification of Glucose-6-Phosphatase Translocase-Catalytic-Unit Concept or Conformation-Substrate-Transport Concept? Concluding Comments
Hypnosis Reduces Distress and Duration of an Invasive Medical Procedure for Children (2005)

Hypnotic relaxation may provide a systematic method for improving the overall medical care of children with urinary tract abnormalities and may be beneficial for children who undergo other invasive medical procedures. Because the VCUG is an essential part of the evaluation of urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux in children, lower distress during the procedure may improve patient and family compliance with initial as well as follow-up evaluations. These findings augment the accumulating literature demonstrating the benefits of using hypnosis to reduce distress in the pediatric setting. The present findings are noteworthy in that this study was a controlled, randomized trial conducted in a naturalistic medical setting. In this context, we achieved a convergence of subjective and objective outcomes with moderate to large effect sizes, including those that may have an impact on patient care and procedure cost, that were consistently supportive of the beneficial effects of hypnosis-a noninvasive intervention with minimal risk. The findings, therefore, have immediate implications for pediatric care. Limitations of this study include the lack of participant and staff blindness to the child's condition assignment, which could have introduced bias into reports. However, the objective procedural time differences between groups were consistent with the other, more subjective outcome findings. The sample was also small and primarily white in ethnic/racial makeup, which may have restricted our ability to detect some differences and may limit the generalizability of findings to more representative samples. In addition, the sample comprised children who had already undergone at least 1 VCUG during which they had had difficulty. Consequently, additional research is needed to determine whether hypnosis would be helpful to those who are undergoing their first VCUG. Additional limitations, clinical observations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Survey of aflatoxins in California tree nuts (1977)

Abstract and Summary Surveys of the California walnut and almond crops to determine incidence of aflatoxins are reported. Average proportions of contaminated nuts from the field were one in 28,250 for walnuts and one in 26,500 for almonds. It was shown that there is a high correlation of contamination with damaged nuts which are removed by standard sorting procedures. Statistical treatment of data from the surveys indicates some of the problems in sampling tree nuts for analysis.
A 64-pixel NbTiN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array for spatially resolved photon detection (2014)

We present the characterization of two-dimensionally arranged 64-pixel NbTiN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SSPD) array for spatially resolved photon detection. NbTiN films deposited on thermally oxidized Si substrates enabled the high-yield production of high-quality SSPD pixels, and all 64 SSPD pixels showed uniform superconducting characteristics within the small range of 7.19-7.23 K of superconducting transition temperature and 15.8-17.8 μA of superconducting switching current. Furthermore, all of the pixels showed single-photon sensitivity, and 60 of the 64 pixels showed a pulse generation probability higher than 90% after photon absorption. As a result of light irradiation from the single-mode optical fiber at different distances between the fiber tip and the active area, the variations of system detection efficiency (SDE) in each pixel showed reasonable Gaussian distribution to represent the spatial distributions of photon flux intensity.
691. Polyfluoro-heterocyclic compounds. Part I. The preparation of fluoro-, chlorofluoro-, and chlorofluorohydro-pyridines (1964)

R. D. Chambers, J. Hutchinson and W. K. R. Musgrave, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3573 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003573
Potential involvement of BMP receptor type IB activation in a synergistic effect of chondrogenic promotion between rhTGFβ3 and rhGDF5 or rhBMP7 in human mesenchymal stem cells (2006)

Chondrogenic promotion by rhGDF5 with or without rhTGFbeta3 was studied in pellet culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). A synergy between rhGDF5 and rhTGFbeta3 was observed in promoting chondrogenesis. rhBMP2, rhBMP6, rhBMP7 and rhTGFbeta1 were further tested and showed the same effect. To explore the mechanism, the expression of TGFbetatype I and II receptors, ALK5, ALK2, ALK3, ALK6, TGFbetaRII, BMPRII, ActRII was studied. ALK6 showed increase by the rhTGFbeta1 or rhTGFbeta3 treatment. ALK6 protein expression also showed increase by rhTGFbeta3. rhTGFbeta1/rhTGFbeta3 induced ALK6 up-regulation was inhibited by SD-208, a TGFbeta type I receptor inhibitor. Chondrogenesis by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 or the combination between rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 and rhGDF5 also was diminished by SD-208. SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation in nascent human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) was stimulated weakly by rhGDF5 but strongly by rhBMP7. The rhGDF5 stimulated SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation was enhanced by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 but inhibited by SD-208. The rhBMP7 stimulated SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation did not show influence by rhTGFbeta3 and SD-208. Our results indicated the potential involvement of ALK6 activation by rhTGFbetas in the synergy between rhTGFbetas and rhBMPs.
Effects of lactoferrin on the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells (2008)

Lactoferrin accelerates bone formation, but the precise cellular mechanism behind this is still unclear. We examined the effect of lactoferrin on the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells using a typical pluripotent mesenchymal cell line, C2C12. Cells were cultured in low-mitogen differentiation medium to induce cell differentiation, with or without the addition of lactoferrin. The cell lineage was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, mRNA expression of cellular phenotype-specific markers using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein synthesis using Western blotting. The expression of low-density lipoprotein lipase receptor-related proteins (LRPs) 1 and 2, both lactoferrin receptors, was determined by reverse transcription-PCR. ALPase activity increased after the addition of lactoferrin. The mRNA expression of Runx2, osteocalcin, and Sox9 increased markedly as a result of lactoferrin treatment, whereas the expression of MyoD, desmin, and PPARgamma decreased significantly. Western blots showed that lactoferrin stimulation increased Runx2 and Sox9 proteins, whereas it decreased MyoD and PPARgamma synthesis. C2C12 cells expressed the LRP1 lactoferrin receptor. These results indicate that lactoferrin treatment converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 cells into the osteoblastic and chondroblastic lineage.
Gravimetric, Electrochemical, Surface Morphology, DFT, and Monte Carlo Simulation Studies on Three N-Substituted 2-Aminopyridine Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium (2018)

Three N-substituted 2-aminopyridine derivatives, namely, 6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)nicotinonitrile (DPPN), 6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (DHPN), and 6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (DMPN) were investigated for their inhibitive effects on mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution using electrochemical, surface, chemical, and theoretical studies. Results showed that the protection capabilities of inhibitors used in the study increase with increase in their concentrations and attained the maximum numerical values of 95.81, 96.24, and 96.63% for DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN, respectively, at the 20.20 × 10–5 mol L–1 concentration. The results of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN molecules retard corrosion by adsorbing at the metal/electrolyte interface. Adsorption of the DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN molecules on the surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Polarization measurement indicated that DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN molecules are mixed-type inhibitors with predominant cathodic inhibitive action. SEM and EDX analyses showed that the corrosion-induced surface roughness of mild steel is significantly reduced by the inhibitors because of the development of protective films by DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN molecules on the surface. The results of theoretical DFT and Monte Carlo simulation studies supported experimental studies and posited that the DPPN, DHPN, and DMPN molecules adsorbed on the mild steel surface as protonated species. Both the experimental and theoretical studies showed that the order of inhibition efficiencies of the studied compounds is DMPN > DHPN > DPPN.
A screw-actuated pneumatic valve for portable, disposable microfluidics (2008)

This work describes a simple and inexpensive approach for controlling the pneumatic valves that were invented in Quake's group to miniaturize the whole system for portable and disposable microfluidic devices. The valves are assembled from two parts. One is the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channels formed by multilayer soft lithography. The other is a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) frame with machine screws for pressure control. Turning the screws into the control channel inlet (filled with water and covered with a thin PDMS membrane) actuates the valve by creating pressure in the control channel. This method avoids the bulky and expensive external pressure-control facilities and can be easily integrated into portable and disposable devices.
Ron-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase In Tumorigenesis and Metastasis (2007)

The Ron-receptor tyrosine kinase has been increasingly recognized for its tumorigenic potential in the last decade. Ron-receptor activation leads to the activation of common receptor tyrosine kinase downstream-signaling pathways, and most prominently in tumor models, activation of MAPK, PI3K and beta-catenin. Numerous experimental models of mammalian tumorigenesis have demonstrated that increased Ron-receptor activity correlates with increased tumorigenesis in a variety of organs of epithelial origin. The evidence for Ron as an oncogene in human tumor biology is growing. The Ron receptor is overexpressed and over activated in a large number of human tumors, and overexpression of Ron correlates with a worse clinical outcome for patients in at least two human cancer states, namely breast and bladder cancer. Several experimental approaches have been demonstrated to successfully block Ron activity and function, and given these convincing data, approaches to block Ron-receptor activity in targeted human cancers should prove to be fruitful in the setting of future clinical research trials.
Neutrophil elastase induces mucus cell metaplasia in mouse lung (2004)

Goblet cell hyperplasia in the superficial airway epithelia is a signature pathological feature of chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. In these chronic inflammatory airway diseases, neutrophil elastase (NE) is found in high concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid. NE has been reported to trigger mucin secretion and increase mucin gene expression in vitro. We hypothesized that chronic NE exposure to murine airways in vivo would induce goblet cell metaplasia. Human NE (50 microg) or PBS saline was aspirated intratracheally by male Balb/c (6 wk of age) mice on days 1, 4, and 7. On days 8, 11, and 14, lung tissues for histology and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples for cell counts and cytokine levels were obtained. NE induced Muc5ac mRNA and protein expression and goblet cell metaplasia on days 8, 11, and 14. These cellular changes were the result of proteolytic activity, since the addition of an elastase inhibitor, methoxysuccinyl Ala-Ala-Pro-Val chloromethylketone (AAPV-CMK), blocked NE-induced Muc5ac expression and goblet cell metaplasia. NE significantly increased keratinocyte-derived chemokine and IL-5 in BAL and increased lung tissue inflammation and BAL leukocyte counts. The addition of AAPV-CMK reduced these measures of inflammation to control levels. These experiments suggest that NE proteolytic activity initiates an inflammatory process leading to goblet cell metaplasia.
551 nm diode-laser-pumped upconversion laser (1989)

Green laser emission at 551 nm was achieved in LiYF4:Er3+ by upconversion pumping with a near-infra-red diode laser at low temperature. Using a 2mm-long monolithic laser crystal the lasing threshold was reached with 34 mW of absorbed power from an AlGaAs diode-laser array.
IR laser polarimetry: breaking limits of FTIR polarimetry for thin film studies (2021)

Advances in polarimetric techniques are of high interest in multiple scientific fields. Polarimetry characterizes optical and material properties such as anisotropy and structure, which relate to physical, chemical and functional properties of materials used in optoelectronic, polymer, plasmonic, bio-related and pharmaceutical applications. Laser-based infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods beyond classical Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enable previously impossible polarimetric investigations from macroscopic to nanoscopic length scales. This contribution focuses on new polarimetry techniques for detailed analyses of structural and material properties of thin films and surfaces. Specifically, we show applications of two laboratory-based instruments that employ tunable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) from Daylight Solutions as brilliant light sources. Regarding far-field IR spectroscopic measurements, a novel laser ellipsometer (built in cooperation with Sentech Instruments) simultaneously measures spectral amplitude and phase information via single-shot detection of four different polarization states. The device reaches temporal resolutions in the μs to ms range at high spectral (< 0.5 cm<sup>−1</sup> ) and lateral resolutions (≤ 125μm). At the nanoscale, photothermal atomic force microscopy (AFM)-IR (Anasys, Bruker), based on a QCL and a polarizing unit, enables polarimetry with lateral resolutions of a few 10 nm.
Point of Zero Charge and Surface Charge Density of TiO2 in Aqueous Electrolyte Solution as Obtained by Potentiometric Mass Titration (2006)

Mass titration method was developed as a suitable tool for determination of the point of zero charge (p.z.c.) and surface charge density (σ 0 ) of metal oxide colloid particles at different ionic strengths. In the course of mass titration, subsequent portions of a metal oxide powder are added to an aqueous electrolyte solution, and pH of the equilibrated dispersion is measured. The pH of the system changes gradually and approaches a constant value of pH ∞ , which is in the case of a metal oxide free of impurities equal to the point of zero charge pH pzc . Counterion association shifts the pH pzc either to the acidic region (preferential adsorption of cations) or to the basic region (preferential adsorption of anions). Mass titration therefore enables detection of the difference between association affinities of counterions (cations and anions), which is important information about the equilibrium within the electrical interfacial layer. Such an analysis is not possible by the conventional acid-base potentiometric titration of the dispersion, since the location of the p.z.c. is based on the common intersection point (c.i.p.) of the data obtained at different ionic strengths. It is shown that c.i.p. may be used for locating the p.z.c. only in a asymmetric case«, when affinities of the anions and cations to associate with oppositely charged surface groups are equal. Analysis of the mass titration was performed on the basis of experimental data obtained with colloidal titania dispersed in an aqueous sodium chloride solution, and also by numerical simulation based on the Surface Complexation Model and the 2-pK mechanism of surface reactions. Increase in the NaCI concentration shifted the point of zero charge to the basic region, while the isoelectric point was shifted to the acidic region, indicating higher association affinity of chloride ions compared to sodium ions.
Architecture and applications of a second-generation digital signal processor (2005)

The architecture and instruction set of a second-generation VLSI digital signal processor are described. This processor represents a significant advance in VLSI digital signal processors. The device may be differentiated from its predecessors by the fact that it more closely resembles a true microprocessor than other DSP microcomputers. Its multiprocessor capabilities further distinguish it, allowing for much more flexibility in overall system design. The architecture of the device allows a dual bus structure to be maintained on-chip, while external bus hardware requirements are minimized via the multiplexing of these busses externally. Some of the notable features incorporated onto the device include two large on-chip RAM blocks, large external program/data address spaces, single-cycle multiply/accumulate instructions, hardware and instructions for efficient memory management, and a versatile multiprocessor interface.
The Rat Quinone Reductase Antioxidant Response Element (1995)

The antioxidant response element (ARE) found in the 5'-flanking region of the rat quinone reductase gene has been further characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. The results indicate that the 31-base pair ARE, which contains a 13-base pair palindromic sequence, can be further separated into three regions, all three of which are required for elevated basal level gene expression. These three regions include the proximal and distal half-sites as well as a 3'-flanking region consisting of 4 adenine nucleotides. Neither the proximal nor the distal half-site alone mediates transcriptional activation by beta-naphthoflavone. However, when placed together the two half-sites restore responsiveness to the inducer. Interestingly, the presence of only 1 of the 4 adenine nucleotides in the 3'-flanking region of the proximal half-site is required for responsiveness to the inducer. Point mutations within the ARE indicate that several nucleotides in both the proximal and distal half-sites are required for basal level gene expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis using the ARE as the probe indicates that enhancers found in the glutathione S-transferase Ya and P genes recognize a similar trans-acting factor(s) found in crude nuclear extracts from human Hep G2 cells. Further, this complex can be detected in nuclear extracts from rat liver and rat hepatoma cells but not in mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells or in human HeLa cells. The ARE-nucleoprotein complex can also be detected in F9 cells which lack significant levels of Jun/Fos proteins. Although the rat ARE resembles the human quinone reductase ARE which contains a consensus TRE, the 2-nucleotide change in the core sequence (TGACTCA versus TGACTTG) eliminates the high affinity TRE motif in the rat ARE. The rat ARE forms a nucleoprotein complex in Hep G2 and other cells with different properties than AP-1.
Single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) for GSM networks (2003)

This paper presents field trial results for downlink interference cancellation in a live GSM network. Uplink interference cancellation techniques have been developed in the past, which exploit the use of multiple receive antennas. However, downlink techniques are typically limited to just the use of a single receive antenna due to space limitations, cost considerations and aesthetics associated with current mobile station designs. A prototype mobile station, using a low complexity single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) algorithm, was constructed, and used to assess the network gain in both asynchronous and synchronous GSM networks. The performance results measured show that SAIC techniques can provide significant gains in C/I. In addition, network simulations indicate that this same algorithm can support voice capacity gains of 39-57%. Thus, SAIC is seen to be a very viable technology for GSM capacity improvement, which can be realized in the next generation of mobile stations.