gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal stability of polycrystalline silicon electrodes on ZrO2 gate dielectrics (2002)

Thermal stability of gate stack structures composed of ZrO2 gate dielectrics and silicon electrodes was investigated. The ZrO2 films were deposited by atomic layer deposition, while the polycrystalline silicon electrodes were deposited using different variants of chemical (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). Zirconium silicide formation was noted in all CVD-electroded samples after subsequent annealing treatments at temperatures above 750 °C, but not in the room temperature PVD-electroded samples, even after gate annealing at 1050 °C. The dependence of zirconium silicide formation on the Si deposition process was explained using thermodynamic arguments which explicitly include the effects of oxygen deficiency of the metal oxide films.
Highly Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether ketone) Prepared by a CaH<sub>2</sub>‐Mediated Polycondensation Reaction (2004)

Abstract Summary: A new reaction procedure has been developed for the polycondensation of hexafluorobisphenol A (6F‐BPA) with bis(pentafluorophenyl) ketone (BPK) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc). In this reaction, CaH 2 has been used as a base to facilitate the formation of the phenolate; an alkali metal fluoride was used as a catalyst. Unlike the conventional polycondensation reactions, this procedure avoided producing water during the reaction, and hence, azeotropic distillation with the assistant of a low‐polar co‐solvent is not required. This improvement maintains the high polarity of the reaction medium; consequently, the selectivity of the reaction at the para ‐position of BPK is significantly enhanced and polymers with high molecular weights ( $\overline M _{\rm n}$ ca. 30 000 Da) can be obtained with very low branching contents (less than 3 mol‐%) and free of any cross‐linked gel particles. In addition to avoiding the formation of water in the reaction, the use of CaH 2 also reduced the concentration of the fluoride ion in the solution. These effects minimize chain degradation reactions such as hydrolysis. The use of CaO instead of CaH 2 for this reaction produces similar effects. In the case of CaO, traces of water can be introduced into the reaction. The presence of trace amounts of water increases the polycondensation rate, probably due to the enhanced ionization of the phenolate. However, it also causes a hydrolysis of polymer chains, resulting in the elimination of the ketone group in the polymer backbone. Fortunately, this side reaction is highly water and temperature dependent, and can be efficiently prevented by using CaH 2 or conducting the reaction at a lower temperature (<65 °C). CaH 2 ‐mediated polycondensation for the preparation of highly fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone). image CaH 2 ‐mediated polycondensation for the preparation of highly fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone).
Energy Recovery from Controlled Mixing Salt and Fresh Water with a Reverse Electrodialysis System (2008)

The global potential to obtain clean energy from mixing river water with seawater is considerable. Reverse electrodialysis is a membrane-based technique for direct production of sustainable electricity from controlled mixing of river water and seawater. It has been investigated generally with a focus on obtained power, without taking care of the energy recovery. Optimizing the technology to power output only, would generally give a low energetic efficiency. In the present work, therefore, we emphasized the aspect of energy recovery. No fundamental obstacle exists to achieve an energy recovery of > 80%. This number was obtained with taking into account no more than the energetic losses for ionic transport. Regarding the feasibility, it was assumed to be a necessary but not sufficient condition that these internal losses are limited. The internal losses could be minimized by reducing the intermembrane distance, especially from the compartments filled with the low-conducting river water. It was found that a reduction from 0.5 to 0.2 mm indeed could be beneficial, although not to the expected extent. From an evaluation of the internal losses, it was supposed that besides the compartment thickness, also the geometry of the spacer affects the internal resistance.
Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Monoterpenoids with a <i>p</i>-Menthane Skeleton (1997)

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 17 kinds of monoterpenoids (hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones) with p-menthane skeletons was studied. Inhibition of AChE was measured by the colorimetric method. The terpene ketones showed stronger inhibition than the terpene alcohols. The terpene hydrocarbon compounds showed identical inhibitory activity with the terpene alcohols, but α-terpinene and (+)-p-menth-1-ene were equally strong inhibitors as the terpene ketones. Monoterpenoids used in this study were found to be competitive inhibitors. Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; monoterpenoids; p-menthane skeleton; inhibition of enzyme activity; competitive inhibitor
Medical applications of diamond magnetometry: commercial viability (2017)

The sensing of magnetic fields has important applications in medicine, particularly to the sensing of signals in the heart and brain. The fields associated with biomagnetism are exceptionally weak, being many orders of magnitude smaller than the Earth's magnetic field. To measure them requires that we use the most sensitive detection techniques, however, to be commercially viable this must be done at an affordable cost. The current state of the art uses costly SQUID magnetometers, although they will likely be superseded by less costly, but otherwise limited, alkali vapour magnetometers. Here, we discuss the application of diamond magnetometers to medical applications. Diamond magnetometers are robust, solid state devices that work in a broad range of environments, with the potential for sensitivity comparable to the leading technologies.
Reversible <i>versus</i> Irreversible Binding of Transferrin to Polystyrene Nanoparticles: Soft and Hard Corona (2012)

Protein adsorption to nanoparticles (NPs) is a key prerequisite to understand NP-cell interactions. While the layer thickness of the protein corona has been well characterized in many cases, the absolute number of bound proteins and their exchange dynamics in body fluids is difficult to assess. Here we measure the number of molecules adsorbed to sulfonate (PSOSO(3)H) and carboxyl-(PSCOOH) polystyrene NPs using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We find that the fraction of molecules bound to NPs falls onto a single, universal adsorption curve, if plotted as a function of molar protein-to-NP ratio. The adsorption curve shows the build-up of a strongly bound monolayer up to the point of monolayer saturation (at a geometrically defined protein-to-NP ratio), beyond which a secondary, weakly bound layer is formed. While the first layer is irreversibly bound (hard corona), the secondary layer (soft corona) exhibits dynamic exchange, if competing unlabeled is added. In the presence of plasma proteins, the hard corona is stable, while the soft corona is almost completely removed. The existence of two distinct time scales in the protein off-kinetics, for both NP types studied here, indicates the possibility of an exposure memory effect in the NP corona.
Automated high-level movie segmentation for advanced video-retrieval systems (1999)

We present a newly developed strategy for automatically segmenting movies into logical story units. A logical story unit can be understood as an approximation of a movie episode, which is a high-level temporal movie segment, characterized either by a single event (dialog, action scene, etc.) or by several events taking place in parallel. Since we consider a whole event and not a single shot to be the most natural retrieval unit for the movie category of video programs, the proposed segmentation is the crucial first step toward a concise and comprehensive content-based movie representation for browsing and retrieval purposes. The automation aspect is becoming increasingly important with the rising amount of information to be processed in video archives of the future. The segmentation process is designed to work on MPEG-DC sequences, where we have taken into account that at least a partial decoding is required for performing content-based operations on MPEG compressed video streams. The proposed technique allows for carrying out the segmentation procedure in a single pass through a video sequence.
Low temperature of formation of nickel germanide on crystalline germanium (2014)

Thin films of nickel germanide conveniently form at the relatively low temperature of 300C in a matter of minutes and at even lower temperatures over a longer time. Here we report on the formation of NiGe on crystalline germanium substrates at low temperatures (less than 300C). Ni films deposited on Ge substrates formed NiGe by heating the samples in an atmosphere nearly void of oxygen. Ni films of thickness 50 to 400nm were deposited on crystalline germanium and heat treatments undertaken on samples for time durations at different temperatures of 5 minutes to 12 hours. It was found that the thickness was not a significant factor and that NiGe formed in a few minutes for all thicknesses heated at 300 C. Long durations were required for the lowest temperature of formation.
<i>N</i>-(2,6-Dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-9-Methylcarbazole-3-Sulfonamide as a Novel Tubulin Ligand against Human Cancer (2008)

IG-105 inhibits microtubule assembly by binding at colchicine pocket. It shows a potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo and has good safety in mice. We consider IG-105 merits further investigation.
Teoría de la evolución química: "Tholins": materia orgánica ubicua en el universo (2007)

In the whole Universe it is possible to find organic complex substances known with the generic name of tholins. These substances are obtained by irradiation of several gas mixtures (excluding the O2). The analysis of the tholins indicates that they can release important bio organics present in proteins, nucleic-acid bases and so on. It has been proposed that the tholins could play an important role in the appearance of life on the Earth. The Chemical Evolution Theory parts from this type of substances to explain as the first living organism could arise.
Standards support for the virtual enterprise (1997)

Recent developments in global commerce have witnessed the advent of the virtual enterprise#. Groups of companies are forming short‐term relationships to collaborate on one‐off projects. Typically these enterprises form a consortium to bid for a project for which they do not have the capability of winning as individual concerns. In order that the virtual enterprise operates effectively the systems which underpin the separate enterprises must be capable of interoperation#. One means of achieving this is by the adoption of suitable international approved standards. Addresses this issue by considering the requirements placed on standards activities for the support of virtual enterprises. Then proposes a means by which current standards can be classified and scoped within an overall framework. Considers the various approaches taken within these standards activities and proposes some strategies for future development.
VLSI implementation of a real-time video watermark embedder and detector (2003)

This paper describes the hardware design and implementation of the JAWS (Just Another Watermarking System) embedder and detector for watermarking of realtime uncompressed digital video. Our design employs a floating point datapath, maximizing dynamic range of the FFT, frame filtering, and correlation operations. The design, implemented in a 1.8V, 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process with a core area of 3.53 mm/sup 2/, is capable of watermarking video streams at a peak rate of over 3 Mpixels/s.
Streamlining Digital Signal Processing: A Tricks of the Trade Guidebook (2012)

Streamlining Digital Signal Processing, Second Edition, presents recent advances in DSP that simplify or increase the computational speed of common signal processing operations and provides practical, real-world tips and tricks not covered in conventional DSP textbooks. It offers new implementations of digital filter design, spectrum analysis, signal generation, high-speed function approximation, and various other DSP functions. It provides:Great tips, tricks of the trade, secrets, practical shortcuts, and clever engineering solutions from seasoned signal processing professionalsAn assortment.
Dissecting the role of lymphotoxin in lymphoid organs by conditional targeting (2003)

Mice with inactivation of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) system have profound defects in the development and maintenance of peripheral lymphoid organs. As surface LT is expressed by lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and lymphoid tissue-initiating cells as well as by some other cell types, we dissected cell type-specific LT contribution into the complex LT-deficient phenotype by conditional gene targeting. B-LTbeta knockout (KO) mice displayed an intermediate phenotype in spleen as compared with mice with complete LTbeta deficiency. In contrast, T-LTbeta KO mice displayed normal structure of the spleen. However, inactivation of LTbeta in both T and B cells resulted in additional defects in the structure of the marginal zone and in the development of follicular dendritic cells in spleen. Structure of lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP) was normal in both B-LTbeta KO and T- and B-LTbeta KO mice, except that PPs were of reduced size. When compared across the panel of lymphocyte-specific LT KOs, the defects in antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens correlated with the severity of defects in spleen structure. Expression of CCL21 and CCL19 chemokines was not affected in spleen, LN and PP of B-LTbeta KO and T- and B-LTbeta KO mice, while CXCL13 was slightly reduced only in spleen. Collectively, our data suggest the following: (i). requirements for LT signaling to support architecture of spleen, LN and PP are different; (ii). LT complex expressed by B cells plays a major role in the maintenance of spleen structure, while surface LT expressed by T cells provides a complementary but distinct signal; and (iii). in a non-transgenic model, expression of lymphoid tissue chemokines is only minimally dependent on the expression of surface LT complex on B and T lymphocytes.
Combined determination of Epstein-Barr virus-related antibodies and antigens for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (2009)

The sensitivity of VCA-IgA and the specificity of EA-IgA are the highest while detecting solely. Combined determination could improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy for NPC. EBV-DNase antibody and EBV-DNA could be helpful to evaluate the course of disease and classify the clinical stage of NPC.
High power and high SFDR frequency conversion using sum frequency generation in KTP waveguides (2016)

We characterize the intermodulation distortion of high power and efficient frequency conversion of modulated optical signals based on sum frequency generation (SFG) in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) waveguide. Unwanted frequency two-tone spurs are generated near the converted signal via a three-step cascaded three-wave mixing process. Computer simulations describing the process are presented along with the experimental measurements. High-conversion efficiencies and large spur-free dynamic range of the converted optical signal are demonstrated.
Poly(tertiary phosphines) and their metal complexes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(tertiary phosphines) and their metal complexesR. Bruce KingCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1972, 5, 5, 177–185Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50053a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Proline-, Threonine-, and Glycine-Rich Protein Down-Regulated by Drought Is Localized in the Cell Wall of Xylem Elements (1999)

A cDNA clone encoding a proline-, threonine-, and glycine-rich protein (PTGRP) was isolated from a wild tomato species (Lycopersicon chilense) (L.X. Yu, H. Chamberland, J.G. Lafontain, Z. Tabaeizadeh [1996] Genome 39: 1185-1193). Northern-blot analysis and in situ hybridization studies revealed that PTGRP is down-regulated by drought stress. The level of the mRNA in leaves and stems of 8-d drought-stressed plants decreased 5- to 10-fold compared with that in regularly watered plants. The mRNA re-accumulated when drought-stressed plants were rewatered. Antibodies raised against a glutathione S-transferase/PTGRP fusion protein were used to elucidate the subcellular localization of the protein by immunogold labeling. In regularly watered L. chilense plants, PTGRP protein was found to be localized in xylem pit membranes and disintegrated primary walls. Examination of sections from drought-stressed plants revealed a significant decrease in the levels of labeling. In these samples, only a few scattered gold particles were detected in the same areas. In the leaf tissues of plants that had been rewatered for 3 d following an 8-d drought stress, the labeling pattern was similar to that of the regularly watered plants. To our knowledge, PTGRP is the first drought-regulated protein that has been precisely localized in the cell wall.
Integrating STEP and CORBA for applications interoperability in the future virtual enterprises computer-based infrastructures (2002)

Nowadays complex product developments involving numerous actors make more crucial the elaboration of an infrastructure for the "Virtual Enterprise" (VE). New emerging technology such as STEP for representation and exchange of product data, or CORBA in the object oriented distribution field, are designated to be potential cornerstones in the deployment of concurrent engineering in the future VE. The paper aims at investigating the integration of STEP and CORBA as a ground for VE computer based infrastructure (M. Hardwick et al., 1996), and at showing their complementarity for application interoperability. This integration relies on a middleware supported by an Object Request Broker as introduced in CORBA, for STEP product data distribution and concurrent access in the framework of remote heterogeneous applications.
Synthese von (−)‐Spathulenol<sup>1)</sup> (1981)

Abstract In Anlehnung an die berühmte Synthese des (−)‐Aromadendrens wird die Synthese von (−)‐Spathulenol ( 31 ) und (−)‐7‐epi‐Spathulenol ( 32 ) aus (−)‐β‐Pinen über (−)‐Perillaaldehyd und die Zwischenstufen 7 , 19 , und 25 durchgeführt.
BIOMAGNETIC RESPONSES IN KHARKOV 22 M.C. WINTER WHEAT (1967)

Pregermination exposure of Kharkov 22 M.C. winter wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) to introduced magnetic fields resulted in a stable, temperature-independent enhancement of seedling growth rate. The level of magnetic intensity required to give maximum response appears to be between 0.5 and 100 oersteds when applied for 240 hours.
Prediction of protein-folding mechanisms from free-energy landscapes derived from native structures (1999)

Guided by recent experimental results suggesting that protein-folding rates and mechanisms are determined largely by native-state topology, we develop a simple model for protein folding free-energy landscapes based on native-state structures. The configurations considered by the model contain one or two contiguous stretches of residues ordered as in the native structure with all other residues completely disordered; the free energy of each configuration is the difference between the entropic cost of ordering the residues, which depends on the total number of residues ordered and the length of the loop between the two ordered segments, and the favorable attractive interactions, which are taken to be proportional to the total surface area buried by the ordered residues in the native structure. Folding kinetics are modeled by allowing only one residue to become ordered/disordered at a time, and a rigorous and exact method is used to identify free-energy maxima on the lowest free-energy paths connecting the fully disordered and fully ordered configurations. The distribution of structure in these free-energy maxima, which comprise the transition-state ensemble in the model, are reasonably consistent with experimental data on the folding transition state for five of seven proteins studied. Thus, the model appears to capture, at least in part, the basic physics underlying protein folding and the aspects of native-state topology that determine protein-folding mechanisms.
WePS3 Evaluation Campaign: Overview of the On-line Reputation Management Task. (2010)

This paper summarizes the definition, resources, evaluation methodology and metrics, participation and comparative results for the second task of the WEPS-3 evaluation campaign. The so-called OnlineReputation Management task consists of filtering Twitter posts containing a given company name depending of whether the post is actually related with the company or not. Five research groups submitted results for the task.