gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fednav, LTD. V. Chester: Ballast Water And The Battle To Balance State And Federal Regulatory Interests (2010)

In Fednav, Ltd. v. Chester, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit upheld the dismissal of a constitutional challenge to the Michigan Ballast Water Statute (MBWS). By unanimously affirming the decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, the Fednav Court not only declined to invalidate state laws protecting Michigan’s waters from aquatic nuisance species (ANS), but also rejected claims that the MBWS should be preempted by broad federal regulation. Through its Fednav decision, the Sixth Circuit iterated that Michigan may still play a vital role in protecting its ecological and economic interests. ANS pose a serious threat to the ecological well-being of Michigan’s waters and the state’s economic health. Accordingly, ANS control measures must be comprehensive, particularly in the Great Lakes region, since incomplete measures are unlikely to provide adequate protection. While federal laws clearly preempt those of a state when conflicts arise, states may nonetheless contribute to achieving the common goal of protecting the state’s environmental and economic interests. Furthermore, states are obligated by a duty to their citizens’ health and economic security to enact state-centric legislation when Congress leaves loopholes in its regulatory scheme. As such, the pertinent legal question addressed in this Note is whether Fednav struck an appropriate balance between federal and state regulatory interests in allowing the MBWS to stand. This Note initially considers the federal attempts to regulate ANS in the Great Lakes along with the evolution of overlapping federal and state regulatory schemes for managing ANS. After analyzing the Sixth Circuit’s reasoning in Fednav, this Note briefly explains that the Fednav Court appropriately recognized Congress’ intent to balance the supremacy of federal law with Michigan’s duty to implement legislation that protects its ecological and economic interests. Finally, this Note considers Fednav in the broader context of federal-state cooperation on issues such as ballast water regulation and ANS. It posits that the key issue is how to best manage overlapping state and federal control, then proposes a solution for implementing coterminous federal and state regulations.
Surgical templates for the placement of osseointegrated implants. (1990)

This surgical template can be described as a device that aids in the placement of fixtures during implant surgery. The template helps to achieve not only an accurate position but also the correct angulation. Methods of construction for both the same-arch template and opposing-arch template are described.
Mapping of TH1 helper T-cell epitopes on major secreted mycobacterial antigen 85A in mice infected with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1994)

TH1 cytokine secretion was examined in response to synthetic peptides of the 85A component of the major secreted, fibronectin-binding antigen 85 complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seven different mouse strains infected with live M. bovis BCG. Twenty-eight overlapping 20-mer peptides covering the complete mature 295-amino-acid (AA) protein were synthesized. Significant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion could be measured following in vitro stimulation of spleen cells with these peptides. H-2d haplotype mice reacted preferentially against the amino-terminal half of the protein, i.e., against peptide 5 (AA 41 to 60) and especially against peptide 11 (AA 101 to 120), which contained an I-Ed binding motif. H-2b haplotype mice, on the other hand, reacted against peptides from both amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of the protein, peptide 25 (AA 241 to 260) being the most potent stimulator of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 animals with the H-2d/b haplotype weakly recognized peptides specific for both parental lines. Finally, CBA/J (H-2k) and major histocompatibility complex class II mutant B6.C.bm12 mice, carrying a mutant I-A beta bm12 allele on an H-2b background, reacted only very weakly to the 85A peptides. Reactive T cells isolated from lungs of BCG-infected H-2b haplotype mice recognized the same epitopes as spleen cells, especially peptide 25. These data confirm previous findings regarding the powerful IL-2 and IFN-gamma-inducing properties of antigen 85 during infection with live M. bovis BCG.
Thyroid Hormone Regulates Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (HCN2) mRNA in the Rat Heart (1999)

Thyroid hormone regulation of the cardiac pacemaker gene, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene (HCN2), was studied in rats by Northern analysis. Thyroid hormone administration to hypothyroid rats resulted in a doubling of the HCN2/beta-actin mRNA ratio. A smaller, not statistically significant, increase in HCN2 mRNA occurred when euthyroid animals were made hyperthyroid. A single large dose of L-triiodothyronine given to hypothyroid rats caused a 4.7-fold increase in myocardial HCN2 mRNA expression level and only a 2.3-fold increase in the beta-actin mRNA level. Although the rat HCN2 promoter has not been cloned, we identified a consensus thyroid hormone response element in the promoter sequence of the human HCN2 gene. Therefore, the increase in rat HCN2 mRNA is likely due to L-triiodothyronine stimulation of HCN2 gene transcription. The results suggest that the regulation of heart rate by thyroid hormone may be explained, at least in part, by the positive effect of this hormone on HCN2 gene expression.
Imaginative Geographies, Dracula and the Transylvania ‘Place Myth’ (2008)

Imaginative geographies have become a central concept in Anglo-American cultural geography in recent years. We all form knowledge, ideas and beliefs in our minds about what other places are ‘like’. In some cases these ideas may so strong that a distinct place ‘myth’ develops. In this paper I focus on the Western place myth of Transylvania. In the Western imagination this region has come to be constructed as a remote, backward, sinister place on the very edge of Europe, where vampires and the supernatural reign unchecked. I examine the historical development of this place myth in the West with particular reference to the role of popular culture in reproducing and circulating this myth on a global scale. I also seek to situate this place myth in its broader historical, political and social contexts.
10 Minute Guide to Pocket PC 2002 (2002)

From the Publisher:
10 Minute Guide to Pocket PC 2002 offers simple, practical help for busy people who need results fast. Through goal-oriented, 10-minute lessons, you'll learn all the essential tasks for getting productive with the latest version of Pocket PC.
Thermodynamics of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) solubility (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) solubilityWilliam H. Tuminello and Gregory T. DeeCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3, 669–676Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00081a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00081a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1196Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC7 function during the cell cycle. (1993)

The yeast Cdc7 function is required for the G1/S transition and is dependent on passage through START, a point controlled by the Cdc28/cdc2/p34 protein kinase. CDC7 encodes a protein kinase activity, and we now show that this kinase activity varies in the cell cycle but that protein levels appear to remain constant. We present several lines of evidence that periodic activation of CDC7 kinase is at least in part through phosphorylation. First, the kinase activity of the Cdc7 protein is destroyed by dephosphorylation of the protein in vitro with phosphatase. Second, Cdc7 protein is hypophosphorylated and inactive as a kinase in extracts of cells arrested at START but becomes active and maximally phosphorylated subsequent to passage through START. The phosphorylation pattern of Cdc7 protein is complex. Phosphopeptide mapping reveals four phosphopeptides in Cdc7 prepared from asynchronous yeast cells. Both autophosphorylation and phosphorylation in trans appear to contribute to this pattern. Autophosphorylation is shown to occur by using a thermolabile Cdc7 protein. A protein in yeast extracts can phosphorylate and activate Cdc7 protein made in Escherichia coli, and phosphorylation is thermolabile in cdc28 mutant extracts. Cdc7 protein carrying a serine to alanine change in the consensus recognition site for Cdc28 kinase shows an altered phosphopeptide map, suggesting that this site is important in determining the overall Cdc7 phosphorylation pattern.
LED light engine concept with ultra-high scalable luminance (2016)

Although LEDs have been introduced successfully in many general lighting applications during the past decade, high brightness light source applications are still suffering from the limited luminance of LEDs. High power LEDs are generally limited in luminance to ca 100 Mnit (10<sup>8</sup> lm/m<sup>2</sup>sr) or less, while dedicated devices for projection may achieve luminance values up to ca 300 Mnit with phosphor converted green. In particular for high luminous flux applications with limited étendue, like in front projection systems, only very modest luminous flux values in the beam can be achieved with LEDs compared to systems based on discharge lamps. In this paper we introduce a light engine concept based on a light converter rod pumped with blue LEDs that breaks through the étendue and brightness limits of LEDs, enabling LED light source luminance values that are more than 4 times higher than what can be achieved with LEDs so far. In LED front projection systems, green LEDs are the main limiting factor. With our green light emitting modules, peak luminance values well above 1.2 Gnit have been achieved, enabling doubling of the screen brightness of LED based DLP projection systems, and even more when this technology is applied to other colors as well. This light source concept, introduced as the ColorSpark High Lumen Density (HLD) LED technology, enables a breakthrough in the performance of LED-based light engines not only for projection, where >2700 ANSI lm was demonstrated, but for a wide variety of high brightness applications.
Adjustive full waveform inversion (2015)

Summary One fundamental challenge of full waveform inversion(FWI) is the local minimum issue caused by the cycle skipping between the predicted and acquired data. To overcome this challenge and achieve a successful inversion, a good initial model becomes a necessary ingredient of FWI. In others words, the background model must be accurate enough to start FWI. Our proposed adjustive FWI (AdFWI) is designed to build the relation between travel time shift and model error in a different and novel way, so that FWI can be used to correct the erroneous background model, and therefore mitigate cycle-skipping issues and improve the robustness of FWI with inaccurate initial models.
Autoregulation of germ tube formation by Candida albicans (1979)

Germ tube formation by Candida albicans is at least partially controlled by a product(s) of the yeast phase of the organism which is released from cells upon incubation at 37 degrees C in tissue culture medium or fetal calf serum. This germination regulatory substance is stable under conditions of lyophilization and heating of 70 degrees C, but becomes inactivated at pH values of 4.0 and 9.5. A germination regulatory substance was produced by both strains of C. albicans tested and by a strain of C. tropicalis. Production does not appear to be a universal characteristic of yeasts because the factor could not be recovered from either Cryptococcus laurentii or Candida parapsilosis. Previously described C. albicans germination inhibitors such as cysteine, tryptophol, and phenylethyl alcohol appear not to be the substance described here. Because of the ability of the factor to influence C. albicans morphology, we have designated it morphogenic autoregulatory substance.
From protozoa to mammalian cells: a new paradigm in the life cycle of intracellular bacterial pathogens (2000)

It is becoming apparent that several intracellular bacterial pathogens of humans can also survive within protozoa. This interaction with protozoa may protect these pathogens from harsh conditions in the extracellular environment and enhance their infectivity in mammals. This relationship has been clearly established in the case of the interaction between Legionella pneumophila and its protozoan hosts. In addition, the adaptation of bacterial pathogens to the intracellular life within the primitive eukaryotic protozoa may have provided them with the means to infect the more evolved mammalian cells. This is evident from the existence of several similarities, at both the phenotypic and the molecular levels, between the infection of mammalian and protozoan cells by L. pneumophila. Thus, protozoa appear to play a central role in the transition of bacteria from the environment to mammals. In essence, protozoa may be viewed as a 'biological gym', within which intracellular bacterial pathogens train for their encounters with the more evolved mammalian cells. Thus, intracellular bacterial pathogens have benefited from the structural and biochemical conservation of cellular processes in eukaryotes. The interaction of intracellular bacterial pathogens and protozoa highlights this conservation and may constitute a simplified model for the study of these pathogens and the evolution of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Furthermore, in addition to being environmental reservoirs for known intracellular pathogens of humans and animals, protozoa may be sources of emerging pathogenic bacteria. It is thus critical to re-examine the relationship between bacteria and protozoa to further our understanding of current human bacterial pathogenesis and, possibly, to predict the appearance of emerging pathogens.
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE IMAGE STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE OF SATOCHI (2000)

本研究は, 長い歴史の中で, 日本人の生活に密接に結びついて親しまれてきた日本人の原風景ともいうべき「里地景観」のイメージ構造について, 岩手県西根町を対象とした調査より明かとしたものである.住民, 転出者, 来訪者を評価主体に選定し, 意味的イメージ, 空間的イメージ, 視覚的イメージの3つのイメージ調査より多面的, 多角的なイメージ論を絡めた里地景観の評価を行った. その結果, 従来試論とされていた里地景観のイメージ構造について, 客観的, 定量的な裏付けを得ることが出来た.
Introduction (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Challenges Discussion Framework Circuits Antenna RF Electronics Packaging Organization and Flow of this Book References
Glycomic Signatures on Serum IgGs for Prediction of Postvaccination Response (2015)

Millions of individuals are vaccinated worldwide each year to stimulate their adaptive immune systems to produce protective antibodies and T-cell response against pathogens. Since glycosylation of the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) can be influenced by the host's immune status, it was inferred that glycosylation profile of IgG might be altered as a result of the immune response. Therefore, subclass-specific glycosylation profiles of serum IgGs from 26 healthy adults before and after vaccination with a trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccine were comprehensively analyzed to explore glycomic signatures for vaccination. The results showed that no significant changes in the glycosylation of total IgGs took place before and after vaccination, but distinct glycosylation profiles in responders (fourfold or more increase of HI titer after vaccination) and nonresponders (less than fourfold increase of HI titer) were observed. This difference between the responders and nonresponders occurred even in the resting state. On the basis of variable importance parameters, glycosylation markers that distinguish responders from nonresponders were identified. These markers can be used as molecular signatures to predict antibody titers after vaccination. This is the first study of serum IgG glycosylation profiles in healthy adults receiving a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.
Effects of perindopril on ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure, cardiovascular reflexes and forearm blood flow in essential hypertension (1989)

The effects of monotherapy with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril (8 mg once daily) on 24-h ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure, forearm blood flow, left ventricular mass, vasoactive hormones and cardiovascular reflexes were determined in eight hypertensive patients using a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over protocol. Six weeks of perindopril treatment was associated with a significant reduction of ambulatory blood pressure and a significant increase in forearm blood flow. Whilst the haemodynamic responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre, tilt, isometric forearm exercise and cold pressor testing were unaffected by perindopril, significant augmentation of the bradycardia during facial immersion was seen after chronic therapy. Sino-aortic baroreceptor-heart rate reflex resetting was apparent within 2 h of the first dose; this effect persisted throughout the active treatment period. Withdrawal of treatment was associated with a persisting hypotensive effect and an increase in heart rate which was not accompanied by an increase in plasma catecholamines. We conclude that perindopril, in a dose of 8 mg once daily, was an effective antihypertensive agent. We postulate that chronic therapy was associated with a sustained increase in parasympathetic tone.
Remote Sensing Based Detection of Crop Phenology for Agricultural Zones in China Using a New Threshold Method (2013)

In recent years, the use of high temporal resolution satellite data has been emerging as an important tool to study crop phenology. Most methods to detect phenological events based on satellite data use thresholds to identify key events in the lifecycle of the crop. In this study, a new method was used to define such thresholds for identifying the start and end of the growing season (SOS/EOS) for 43 different agricultural zones in China. The method used 2000–2003 NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data with a spatial resolution of eight kilometers and a temporal resolution of 15 days. Following data pre-processing, time series for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI or N), slope of the NDVI curve (S), and difference (D) between the NDVI value and a base NDVI value for bare land without snow were constructed. For each zone, an optimal set of threshold values for N, D, and S was determined, based on the remote sensing data and observed SOS/EOS data for 2003 at 261 agro-meteorological stations. Results were verified by comparing the accuracy of the new proposed NDS threshold method with the results of three other methods for SOS/EOS detection with remote sensing data. The findings of all four methods were compared to in situ SOS/EOS data from 2000 to 2002 for 110 agro-meteorological stations. Results show that the developed NDS threshold method had a significantly higher accuracy compared with other methods. The method is mainly limited by the observed data and the necessity of reestablishing the thresholds periodically.
Assembly of pore proteins on gold electrodes (2001)

Protein-protein interactions at the cell surface are important in the activity of bacterial toxins such as colicins. We have developed methods to study these events using tethered lipid bilayers, which can be probed by impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Recently we have attached the receptor proteins directly to gold electrodes and this offers new possibilities for measuring protein-protein interactions on solid supports.
1‐Pyrono‐ und 1‐Pyridono‐[3,4‐b]chinoxaline. 33. Mitt. über Untersuchungen an 4‐Pyronen (1972)

Abstract Die durch Reaktion von Mekonsäure ( 1a ) mit Brom gebildete Dibrom‐komensäure ( 2a ) reagiert mit o‐Phenylendiamin entgegen Literaturangaben zur 1‐Pyrono‐[3,4‐b]chinoxalin‐3‐carbonsäure ( 6a ), die mit Alkoholen Chinoxalin‐brenztraubensäureester ( 5 ) bildet; 5b reagiert mit Aminen u. a. zu Pyridono‐[3,4‐b]chinoxalin‐Derivaten ( 9, 11, 12 ).
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural 2-, 5-, and 7-Oxygenated Carbazole Alkaloids from N-Arylcyclohexane Enaminones (2013)

A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of the carbazole framework is described, including the preparation of 2-, 5-, and 7-oxygenated natural and unnatural carbazole alkaloids. A series of N-arylcyclohexane enaminones, generated by condensation of cyclohexane-1,3-dione with diverse anilines, were aromatized by a Pd(0)-catalyzed thermal treatment to afford the corresponding diarylamines. The latter were submitted to a Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization and methylation processes to provide the desired carbazoles, including clausine V. Following an inverse strategy, a new and short total synthesis of glycoborine is also reported.
Mining generalized association rules for sequential and path data (2002)

While association rules for set data use and describe relations between parts of set valued objects completely, association rules for sequential data are restricted by specific interpretations of the subsequence relation: contiguous subsequences describe local features of a sequence valued object, noncontiguous subsequences its global features. We model both types of features with generalized subsequences that describe local deviations by wild cards, and present a new algorithm of a priori type for mining all generalized subsequences with prescribed minimum support from a given database of sequences. Furthermore we show that the given algorithm automatically takes into account an eventually underlying graph structure, i.e., is applicable to path data also.
Dynamic Current Density of the Disk Electrode Double-Layer (2008)

With applied potential, the current distribution at the surface of a disk electrode is spatially nonuniform and time dependent. This distribution is important to control in applications that desire a uniform current density profile or minimal corrosion. We examine the current density profile of a capacitive disk electrode subjected to a voltage-step using finite element analysis software to solve the system of partial differential equations. In detailed analyses we show quantitatively that the current density shifts from peripheral enhancement to near-uniformity following 1/2 of the lumped element time constant. As charging continues, the current density is slightly enhanced in the central region. We present curves for the evolution of local "time constants" as time progresses and calculate their effective values. The model is intended to be the basis of future work to control the corrosion profile of biologically implantable electrodes of arbitrary shape. Data suggest a means to control corrosion by retarding the edges of a stimulus pulse. Additionally, smaller electrodes may be more effective in fully utilizing surface area for charge transfer due to their shorter time constants.