gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical resolution methods (2006)

Despite the large number of elaborate enantioselective syntheses for the preparation of a single enantiomer to achieve industrial and scientific goals, the separation and purification of enantiomers (components of racemic compounds) is also necessary. Hence, we present the most often used thought-provoking modern methods based on momentous recognitions (e.g. spontaneous resolution, induced crystallization, resolution by formation of diastereomers, resolution by formation of non-covalent diastereomers, resolution by diastereomeric salt formation, resolution by diastereomeric complex formation, "half equivalent" methods of resolution, separation by crystallization, separation by distillation, separation by supercritical fluid extraction, resolution with mixtures of resolving agents, resolution with a derivative of the target compound, enantioselective chromatography, resolution by formation of covalent diastereomers, resolution by substrate selective reaction, kinetic resolution without enzymes, kinetic resolution by enzyme catalysis, hydrolytic and redox enzymes, kinetic and thermodynamic control, resolutions combined with 2nd order asymmetric transformations, enrichment of partially resolved mixtures, role of the solvent and methods of optimization in the separation of diastereoisomers, non-linear effects and selected examples of resolution on an industrial scale).
A Mobile Health Monitoring System Using RFID Ring-Type Pulse Sensor (2009)

The "long-distance home health care service" has become one of the key emerging businesses in Taiwan. In this paper, a mobile health management system is presented which is the first one integrating a wearable ring-type pulse monitoring sensor with a smart phone. All physiological measurements are transmitted to the smart phone through Bluetooth. The user can monitor his/her own pulse and temperature from the smart phone. Then these data are transmitted to a remote server through the mobile communication of the smart phone, such as HSDPA, Wi-Fi, WiMax, GPRS, etc. The build-in GPS further provides the position information of the monitored person. The remote server not only collects physiological measurements but also tracks the position of the monitored person in real time.
Components, Contracts and Vocabularies - Making Dynamic Component Assemblies more Predictable. (2009)

In recent years, dynamic component-based systems such as OSGi and its derivatives have become very successful. This has created new challenges for verification. Assemblies are created and modified dynamically at runtime, but many existing techniques such as unit testing are designed for buildtime verification. Runtime verification is usually restricted to type checks. We propose a simple component contract language that is powerful enough to represent different types of complex contracts between collaborating components, including contracts with respect to component semantics and quality of service attributes, and contracts that refer to resources other than programing language artefacts. These contracts are based on a pluggable contract vocabulary and can then be used for runtime verification of assemblies. We present a proof of concept implementation of the contract language proposed for the OSGi/Eclipse component model.
Production and Use of <scp>HIV</scp>‐1 Luciferase Reporter Viruses (2003)

This unit describes the production and use of HIV-1 luciferase reporter viruses. These viruses are used to rapidly and accurately quantify HIV-1 in cell culture. Protocols are also presented for screening and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 entry into cells.
Learning cross-modality similarity for multinomial data (2011)

Many applications involve multiple-modalities such as text and images that describe the problem of interest. In order to leverage the information present in all the modalities, one must model the relationships between them. While some techniques have been proposed to tackle this problem, they either are restricted to words describing visual objects only, or require full correspondences between the different modalities. As a consequence, they are unable to tackle more realistic scenarios where a narrative text is only loosely related to an image, and where only a few image-text pairs are available. In this paper, we propose a model that addresses both these challenges. Our model can be seen as a Markov random field of topic models, which connects the documents based on their similarity. As a consequence, the topics learned with our model are shared across connected documents, thus encoding the relations between different modalities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model for image retrieval from a loosely related text.
"Ultrasensitive" silver stains: their use exemplified in the study of normal human cerebrospinal fluid proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. (1984)

We have developed a series of photochemical silver stains that are more than 100 times as sensitive as the Coomassie Blue stains. These stains facilitate the quantitative estimation of proteins in two-dimensional gel patterns. Recently, we discovered that by using light (photodevelopment) to catalyze the reduction of ionic silver to metallic silver, we could produce an image of proteins on polyacrylamide gels within 10 min after their electrophoretic separation. We used these stains to detect proteins resolved in two-dimensional electrophoretograms of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid from 51 normal human volunteers, finding no qualitative protein changes in the more than 300 CSF polypeptides resolved on each individual's electrophoretogram. We quantified 67 of these proteins per individual with computer-assisted densitometry, only five of which showed significant quantitative age-related alterations. We saw no sex-related differences. This consistency in the protein pattern for cerebrospinal fluid from normal individuals allows it to serve as a baseline for comparisons with disease states.
Side effects are not sufficient to authenticate software (2004)

Kennell and Jamieson recently introduced the Genuinity system for authenticating trusted software on a remote machine without using trusted hardware. Genuinity relies on machine-specific computations, incorporating side effects that cannot be simulated quickly. The system is vulnerable to a novel attack, which we call a substitution attack. We implement a successful attack on Genuinity, and further argue this class of schemes are not only impractical but unlikely to succeed without trusted hardware
The Optimization of Volumetric Displacement Can Uniformize the Temperature Distribution of Heated Ham during a Vacuum Cooling Process (2014)

Rapidity is the biggest advantage of vacuum cooling in the food industry, especially for cooked meat. However, the largest volumetric displacement does not guarantee the best temperature uniformity because the structure of the food can affect the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in food during the vacuum cooling process. Because the temperature uniformity is one of the most important factors in the cooling effect, it is necessary to achieve a uniform temperature distribution across the portion of food by choosing the best evacuation scheme. In this paper, the volumetric displacement was varied with the pressure to conduct a vacuum cooling experiment for heated ham. The results were evaluated by measuring the real-time temperature distribution on the ham section using a sensitive infrared thermal imaging system. The results indicated that properly varying the volumetric displacement during the cooling process can not only uniformize the temperature distribution across the ham section but that it can also reduce both the weight loss and energy consumption. Consequently, a reasonable varying volumetric displacement can help improve the vacuum cooling effect.
Suspending vulture effigies from roosts to reduce bird strikes (2009)

I observed very few vultures over the airfield after deploying the effigies, and vultures were completely absent most days. Hanging vulture effigies seemed to be effective in pushing the vultures farther away by denying them their observation point looking over the Coastal Plain near the airfield. This meant that their forage center point had been relocated far enough from the airfield that few individuals extended their range as far as the airport.
General Processes (2012)

Chapter 1 discusses general processes in palliative care at the end of life, including the blending of structure and function, the roles of the interdisciplinary team over time, and clinical documentation that must be completed.
Control of deep-hysteresis aeroengine compressors. II. Design of control laws (1997)

In this paper we continue the development of a methodology for control of deep-hysteresis compressors initiated in a companion paper. We develop a family of controllers which are applicable not only to the particular model presented in Part I of this paper, but also to general Moore-Greitzer type models with arbitrary compressor characteristics. For each of our controllers we show that it achieves a supercritical (soft) bifurcation. We also address another key issue for control of rotating stall and surge - the limited actuator bandwidth. Our results show an interesting trade-off: as the actuator bandwidth decreases, the sensing requirements become more demanding.
Differential production of interleukin-12 mRNA by murine macrophages in response to viable or killed Salmonella spp (1996)

The use of attenuated Salmonella spp. as live oral vaccine carriers fo r foreign antigens has been extensively studied. We have shown that appropriately prepared nonviable organisms are as effective as viable organisms in eliciting humoral immune responses against a foreign antigen delivered by these vectors. It is not clear how strain viability affects the development of a cell-mediated immune response. In the present study, we demonstrate that BALB/c mice orally immunized with viable attenuated Salmonella spp. were protected against subsequent challenge while animals immunized with killed organisms were not. Protection was correlated with increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 mRNA in the Peyer's patches within hours of oral administration. Peritoneal macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and LPS-unresponsive mice were also examined for production of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure to the viable or killed attenuated Salmonella carrier. There was dramatic upregulation of IL-12 p40 mRNA following exposure of macrophages to either viable or killed organisms. By 4 h postexposure, viable organisms had induced a 27-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels while killed organisms had induced a 9-fold increase in IL-12 p40 mRNA levels. This was observed in macrophages isolated from both LPS-responsive and unresponsive mice. The higher levels of IL-12 induced by viable Salmonella spp. may result in the development of a Th1 response and cell mediated immunity, while the lower levels of IL-12 induced by killed Salmonella spp. may not be sufficient to promote a Th1 response.
Remote Sensing Of Ocean Physical Properties: A Comparison Of Raman And Brillouin Techniques (1988)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and survey the current state-of-the-art of remote sensing of the fundamental oceanographic physical parameters, i.e., temperature, salinity, density, and sound speed. Profiles of such parameters are the basic scientific and engineering data that are needed by the oceanographic community for many purposes, especially when available for mapping large areas of the ocean on a real-time or synoptic basis. Significant research efforts have been devoted to the development of laser radar remote sensing methods that employ either Raman or Brillouin scattering. The two techniques differ significantly both in the physical principles involved and the system components needed for each, as well as the applications areas for which each appears to be best suited. This paper will address the following topics: (1) the physical principles of the Raman and Brillouin methods; (2) experimental results that have been achieved; (3) the limiting interferences and noise sources; (4) performance and sensitivity limits; and (5) critical technology areas.
Biological assays in microfabricated structures (1999)

Microfluidic control in microfabricated glass channels enables miniaturized, fast, and multianalyte assays. We are applying this technology in several areas, including real- time environmental monitoring for airborne biological agents. Two complementary approaches are being used in parallel. the first is assaying for the presence of nucleotide sequences that are markers for specific hazardous, engineered bacteria. The second is an assay that monitors the functionality of an in vitro biochemical pathway, in which the pathway that is chosen is sensitive to the presence of the class of toxins to be detected. The first approach is discussed here. The detected signal from the nucleic-acid-based assay is from fluorescently labeled probes that hybridize to bead-bound amplified DNA sequences. Detection approaches and their benefits will be discussed.
Aging Studies of Voltammetrically Dealloyed Pt-Cu Nanoparticle ORR Electrocatalysts (2008)

Voltammetrically dealloyed Pt-Cu alloy nanoparticles show significantly improved Pt-mass and specific activities for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media in both RDE and MEA configurations. The active phase of the catalyst is prepared from very Cu-rich precursor materials which are formulated into catalyst inks and electrode layers. The high Cu content of the precursor materials raises fundamental and practical questions as to the molecular stability / oxidation state of the Cu rich catalyst surface and the shelf-life of precursor powders, inks and electrode layers. Here we present aging studies of a carbon-supported Pt25Cu75 nanoparticle catalyst precursor. We monitored how the surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen electroreduction (ORR) reactivity of dealloyed precursors (active form of catalyst) change as a function of the exposure time to air of the Pt25Cu75 precursor at room temperature. Similarly, we aimed to investigate how ECSA and ORR of the active catalyst changed with the time the liquid catalyst ink was exposed to air. We find little detrimental effect of air aging of the precursor on ORR activity over the time scales investigated. The effect of air aging of the catalyst inks is more complex, however. Initially, aged inks show increased ORR reactivity, that is, aged inks result in more active catalyst layers. After about 4-5 days of aging of the inks in air, however, we observed a drop in ORR activity of the resulting catalyst layers. This complex aging behavior of the inks seems independent of prior air aging of the dry powder precursor.
In vivo and in vitro evidence for increased expression of HGF receptor in kidney of diabetic rat (1996)

Renal hypertrophy develops early in the course of diabetes and has been linked to progressive renal disease. Although the mechanism of renal hypertrophy is unknown, evidence suggests that local alterations in the production of one or more growth factors and/or their receptors are crucial to this process. In this study, we demonstrate that the c-met protooncogene product, a tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is increased in the kidney of the diabetic rat. Northern blot analysis showed that renal expression of the c-met gene was substantially increased in rats made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the protein for c-met was concordantly elevated in cortical and medullar tubular epithelium following the onset of diabetes. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrated that short-term exposure to high glucose concentration markedly stimulated c-met expression in cultured proximal tubular (opossum kidney) and inner medulla collecting duct cells (mIMCD-3). The results of enhanced renal expression of c-met together with elevated HGF indicate that the HGF/c-met system is markedly activated in the diabetic rat. These findings suggest that the HGF/c-met system may play a role in the diabetic renal hypertrophy.
DOING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES (2007)

The remarkable growth of the global economy over the past 50 years has been shaped by the dynamic interplay of various driving and restraining forces. From business and HRD (Human Resource Development) aspects, an understanding of globalization as it applies to the field of training and educational programs enables organizations to develop competencies and skills to respond to these emerging challenges faced by globalization. In recent reports (Yager, 2001; O’Regan, 2001), employers are increasingly having trouble finding workers who have excellent (1) soft skills, (2) business etiquette, (3) interpersonal communication skills, and (4) intercultural communication skills. An international business organization cannot succeed if cultural factors are ignored, and the same is true for educational programs. The central goal of this study was to explore the aspects needed for cultural understanding in formal course offerings such as language courses, as well as possible activities/subjects that could improve culture understanding. Significant differences regarding how students’ academic profiles affected their attitudes toward culturally related issues were discovered in this study. Recommendations were made for changes in language courses taught to Hospitality majors.
Cloning of the cocaine-sensitive bovine dopamine transporter. (1991)

A cDNA encoding the dopamine transporter from bovine brain substantia nigra was identified on the basis of its structural homology to other, recently cloned, neurotransmitter transporters. The sequence of the 693-amino acid protein is quite similar to those of the rat gamma-aminobutyric acid, human norepinephrine, and rat serotonin transporters. Dopamine transporter mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the substantia nigra but not in the locus coeruleus, raphe, caudate, or other brain areas. [3H]Dopamine accumulation in tissue culture cells transfected with the cDNA was inhibited by amphetamine, cocaine, and specific inhibitors of dopamine transport, including GBR12909.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Modulators of Luminescence in Three-Coordinate Gold(I) Complexes with Spectacular Quantum Yields (2013)

The first three-coordinate gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have been prepared with the nido-carborane diphosphine. The complexes are brightly luminescent and present very high quantum yield values. The carbene ligand is able to modulate the energy of the emissions and, depending upon the substituent, the luminescence changes from blue to green. Theoretical calculations corroborate that the emissions are phosphorescence and arise from charge transfer (LML'CT) transitions from nido-carborane ligand (L) to metal/ligand group "gold(I)-NHC ligand" (ML').
Tc17 CD8 T Cells: Functional Plasticity and Subset Diversity (2009)

IL-17-secreting CD8 T cells (Tc17) have been described in several settings, but little is known regarding their functional characteristics. While Tc1 cells produced IFN-gamma and efficiently killed targets, Tc17 cells lacked lytic function in vitro. Interestingly, the small numbers of IFN-gamma-positive or IL-17/IFN-gamma-double-positive cells generated under Tc17 conditions also lacked lytic activity and expressed a similar pattern of cell surface proteins to IL-17-producing cells. As is the case for Th17 (CD4) cells, STAT3 is important for Tc17 polarization, both in vitro and in vivo. Adoptive transfer of highly purified, Ag-specific IL-17-secreting Tc17 cells into Ag-bearing hosts resulted in near complete conversion to an IFN-gamma-secreting phenotype and substantial pulmonary pathology, demonstrating functional plasticity. Tc17 also accumulated to a greater extent than did Tc1 cells, suggesting that adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells cultured in Tc17 conditions may have therapeutic potential for diseases in which IFN-gamma-producing cells are desired.
Identification of the human papillomavirus type 18 E6 and E6 proteins in nuclear protein fractions from human cervical carcinoma cells grown in the nude mouse or in vitro. (1988)

We recently reported the transcription patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 sequences in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The open reading frames (ORFs) E6* and E6 represent the 5'-terminal cistrons in HPV18 mRNAs. ORF E6* was assumed to be specific for HPV types associated with genital carcinomas. To identify the predicted gene product, ORF E6* from a HeLa cDNA clone was expressed as an MS2 fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The C-terminal 23 amino acid residues were chemically synthesized. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was generated, recognizing E6* and E6* plus E6, respectively. In human cervical carcinoma cell lines grown in vitro these monoclonal antibodies specifically immunoprecipitate the putative Mr 17,000 and 18,000 HPV18 E6 proteins in nuclear protein fractions. In a HPV18 DNA containing human cervical carcinoma established in nude mice, these monoclonal antibodies specifically immunoprecipitate a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 6500 as predicted for the HPV18 ORF E6* gene product in a nuclear protein fraction.
Runway Detection and Localization in Aerial Images using Deep Learning (2019)

Landing is the most difficult phase of the flight for any airborne platform. Due to lack of efficient systems, there have been numerous landing accidents resulting in the damage of onboard hardware. Vision based systems provides low cost solution to detect landing sites by providing rich textual information. To this end, this research focuses on accurate detection and localization of runways in aerial images with untidy terrains which would consequently help aerial platforms especially Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (commonly referred to as Drones) to detect landing targets (i.e., runways) to aid automatic landing. Most of the prior work regarding runway detection is based on simple image processing algorithms with lot of assumptions and constraints about precise position of runway in a particular image. First part of this research is to develop runway detection algorithm based on state-of-the-art deep learning architectures while the second part is runway localization using both deep learning and non-deep learning based methods. The proposed runway detection approach is two-stage modular where in the first stage the aerial image classification is achieved to find the existence of runway in that particular image. Later, in the second stage, the identified runways are localized using both conventional line detection algorithms and more recent deep learning models. The runway classification has been achieved with an accuracy of around 97% whereas the runways have been localized with mean Intersection-over-Union (IoU) score of 0.8.
Steamflood reservoir management : thermal enhanced oil recovery (1993)

This work describes in detail state-of-the-art concepts, tools and procedures used in steam injection procession - cyclic and continuous steam injection).