gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of normalizer genes in conducting relative gene expression analysis of embryos (2003)

Prudent reference gene selection is important in evaluating relative gene expression in embryos. An experimental control design is proposed to facilitate the identification of normalizing genes that will accurately calculate relative gene expression change in treated embryos.
Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acylhomoserine lactones (1997)

Quorum sensing relies upon the interaction of a diffusible signal molecule with a transcriptional activator protein to couple gene expression with cell population density. In Gram-negative bacteria, such signal molecules are usually N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) which differ in the structure of their N-acyl side chains. Chromobacterium violaceum, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in soil and water, produces the characteristic purple pigment violacein. Previously the authors described a violacein-negative, mini-Tn5 mutant of C. violaceum (CV026) in which pigment production can be restored by incubation with supernatants from the wild-type strain. To develop this mutant as a general biosensor for AHLs, the natural C. violaceum AHL molecule was first chemically characterized. By using solvent extraction, HPLC and mass spectrometry, a single AHL, N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HHL), was identified in wild-type C. violaceum culture supernatants which was absent from CV026. Since the production of violacein constitutes a simple assay for the detection of AHLs, we explored the ability of CV026 to respond to a series of synthetic AHL and N-acylhomocysteine thiolactone (AHT) analogues. In CV026, violacein is inducible by all the AHL and AHT compounds evaluated with N-acyl side chains from C4 to C8 in length, with varying degrees of sensitivity. Although AHL compounds with N-acyl side chains from C10 to C14 are unable to induce violacein production, if an activating AHL (e.g. HHL) is incorporated into the agar, these long-chain AHLs can be detected by their ability to inhibit violacein production. The versatility of CV026 in facilitating detection of AHL mixtures extracted from culture supernatants and separated by thin-layer chromatography is also demonstrated. These simple bioassays employing CV026 thus greatly extend the ability to detect a wide spectrum of AHL signal molecules.
Certification of High Purity Metals as Primary Reference Materials - A Challenge for Multielement Trace Analysis (2002)

The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) (BAM) is establishing a system of primary reference materials to meet the demands for metrological traceability and to act as national standards in the field of elemental analysis. For all elements of the periodic table – except those that are gases or radioactive – two different kinds of reference materials are being certified. One is for analyte calibration (Type A) and one for problems concerning matrix matching (Type B). These substances are of very high purity and of defined stoichiometry. As far as possible, pure elements and metals rather than pure compounds are used. The certification of both types of material requires most elements of the periodic table to be certified at very low levels using trace element analysis methods. The application of these methods is described and examples of the certification of copper and iron are given.
Solving regression problems with rule-based ensemble classifiers (2001)

We describe a lightweight learning method that induces an ensemble of decision-rule solutions for regression problems. Instead of direct prediction of a continuous output variable, the method discretizes the variable by k-means clustering and solves the resultant classification problem. Predictions on new examples are made by averaging the mean values of classes with votes that are close in number to the most likely class. We provide experimental evidence that this indirect approach can often yield strong results for many applications, generally outperforming direct approaches such as regression trees and rivaling bagged regression trees.
ARGET–ATRP Synthesis and Characterization of PNIPAAm Brushes for Quantitative Cell Detachment Studies (2012)

Stimuli responsive (or "smart") polymer brushes represent a non-toxic approach for achieving release of biofouling layers. Thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) polymer brushes have been shown to modulate bacterial adhesion and release through transition between temperatures above and below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST ~32 °C) of PNIPAAm in water. In this article, we describe a convenient method to synthesize grafted PNIPAAm brushes over large areas for biological studies using a relatively simple and rapid method which allows atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in presence of air using the activator regenerated electron transfer (ARGET) mechanism. PNIPAAm brushes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle measurements. Our studies demonstrate that uniform, high purity PNIPAAm brushes with controlled and high molecular weight can be easily produced over large areas using ARGET-ATRP. We also report the use of a spinning disk apparatus to systematically and quantitatively study the detachment profiles of bacteria from PNIPAAm surfaces under a range (0-400 dyne/cm(2)) of shear stresses.
Generating Image Descriptions Using Dependency Relational Patterns (2010)

This paper presents a novel approach to automatic captioning of geo-tagged images by summarizing multiple web-documents that contain information re-lated to an image’s location. The summa-rizer is biased by dependency pattern mod-els towards sentences which contain fea-tures typically provided for different scene types such as those of churches, bridges, etc. Our results show that summaries bi-ased by dependency pattern models lead to significantly higher ROUGE scores than both n-gram language models reported in previous work and also Wikipedia base-line summaries. Summaries generated us-ing dependency patterns also lead to more readable summaries than those generated without dependency patterns. 1
Particle filters for state estimation of jump Markov linear systems (2001)

Jump Markov linear systems (JMLS) are linear systems whose parameters evolve with time according to a finite state Markov chain. In this paper, our aim is to recursively compute optimal state estimates for this class of systems. We present efficient simulation-based algorithms called particle filters to solve the optimal filtering problem as well as the optimal fixed-lag smoothing problem. Our algorithms combine sequential importance sampling, a selection scheme, and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. They use several variance reduction methods to make the most of the statistical structure of JMLS. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The problems of on-line deconvolution of impulsive processes and of tracking a maneuvering target are considered. It is shown that our algorithms outperform the current methods.
Developmental expression of nitric oxide synthase isoform I and III in chick retina (1997)

During our studies on the multiple possible functions of nitric oxide (NO) in chick retinal development and physiology, we have demonstrated the presence and the activity of NO synthase (NOS-I and III) in certain neuronal populations (photoreceptors, amacrine cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cells) and also in synaptic-rich regions in the developing chick retina. Both enzymes, detected by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, appeared between embryonic days 6 and 12, and followed a spatial and temporal pattern of expression which correlated with the differentiation of the neuronal layers. Evaluation of the conversion of [3H]-labeled arginine to [3H]-citrulline, confirmed the presence of a calcium-dependent NOS activity in the cytosolic and particulate retinal extracts during the development. This pattern of NOS expression suggests that the regulated release of NO during key phases of development might be one mechanism involved in the regulation of retinal differentiation. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:104–113, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Positional cloning approach to the dominant polycystic kidney disease gene, PKD1. (1993)

Positional cloning is a powerful strategy for identifying the site of disease-producing mutations when the underlying biochemical defect is unknown. The approach also offers new methods for the presymptomatic diagnosis of genetic disease. Using these methods we have localized the PKD1 gene, mutated in the majority of PKD1 families, to a small (500 kb) segment of chromosome 16, band p13.3. Virtually all of this interval has been cloned in cosmids and lambda bacteriophage. Over 20 sets of non-overlapping cDNA clones have been isolated from the region. Sequence and mutational analyses are currently underway. In addition, a set of polymorphic clones has been identified for presymptomatic diagnosis. Included in this set are several highly variable [CA]n microsatellite repeats. These highly informative markers can be rapidly assayed from a small amount of genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. Despite these advances, presymptomatic diagnosis cannot be established with certainty in many families. However, identification of the PKD1 gene itself will eventually allow diagnosis by direct detection of mutations.
Automatically generating virtual guided tours (2003)

After the introduction of VRML, 3D Web browsing has become a popular form of networked virtual reality. However, it is still a great challenge for a novice user equipped with a regular desktop PC to navigate in most virtual worlds of moderate complexity. We think the main problem is due to the fact that a user usually uses a 2D mouse to provide low-level navigation control but the display frame rate is not high enough for this servo loop. We consider an alternative metaphor of allowing a user to specify locations of interests on a 2D-layout map and let the system automatically generate the animation of guided tours in virtual architectural environments. Specifically, we aim to generate animations of customizable tour paths and its associated human/camera motions in an on-line manner according to high-level user inputs. We describe an auto-navigation system, in which several efficient path-planning algorithms adapted from robotics are used. This system has been implemented in Java and adopts common VRML browsers as its 3D interface. We also use the geometric model of our departmental building as an example to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the system.
Nova: an approach to on-demand virtual execution environments for grids (2006)

The technique of using virtual machines for grid jobs as trusted execution environments has been hampered by the overheads involved creating the virtual machines. This paper attempts to reduce the overheads of dynamically creating and destroying the virtual environments for secure job execution. It broaches a grid architecture which we call Nova, consisting of extremely minuscule, pre-created virtual machines whose configurations could be altered with respect to the application executed within it. The benefits of the architecture are supported by experimental claims.
<b>Progressive Decrease in Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin from Infancy to Late Prepuberty in Boys</b> (1986)

Serum Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and affinity constant (Ka) of SHBG-dihydrotestosterone association were determined in 91 boys, aged 3 months to 15 yr, all at Tanner stage I of pubertal development. A gradual decrease in serum SHBG as a function of age was found in spite of unchanged serum testosterone levels. Ka values at different ages were not significantly different. Since steroids bound to SHBG are not transported into most tissues, particularly brain, a decrease in SHBG will have the effect of increasing tissue entrance of non-SHBG-bound sex hormones despite unchanged plasma concentrations. We speculate that the gradually increasing androgen and estrogen milieu of the brain created by this mechanism might be of physiological significance in triggering the onset of puberty.
Corrosion monitoring using FSM technology (1995)

FSM is a non-intrusive monitoring technique based on a patented principle, developed for the purpose of detection and monitoring of both general and localized corrosion, erosion, and cracking in steel and metal structures, piping systems, and vessels. Since 1991, FSM has been used for a wide range of applications, including for buried and open pipelines, process piping offshore, subsea pipelines and flowlines, applications in the nuclear power industry, and in materials, research in general. This paper describes typical applications of the FSM technology, and presents operational experience from some of the land-based and subsea installations. The paper also describes recent enhancements in the FSM technology and in the analysis of FSM readings, allowing for monitoring and detailed quantification of pitting and mesa corrosion, and of corrosion in welds.
Steady flow and dynamic viscosity of branched butadiene–styrene block copolymers (1971)

Abstract Steady flow and dynamic viscosities were determined for symmetrical linear and starbranched block copolymers of butadiene and styrene above their upper (polystyrene) glass transition. Block structures examined were B‐S‐B, (B‐S‐) 3 , S‐B‐S, (S‐B‐) 3 and (S‐B‐) 4 . At constant molecular weight and total styrene content viscosities were greater for polymers terminating in styrene blocks, irrespective of branching. Branching decreased the viscosity of either polybutadiene‐terminated or polystyrene‐terminated block polymers, compared at equal M w . However, comparisons at equal block lengths showed that the length of the terminal blocks, not the total molecular weight, governs the viscoelastic behavior of these polymers to a surprisingly good approximation. This unusual result is rationalized in terms of the two‐phase domain structure of these polymers, which persists to a significant degree in the melt. Below the glass transition of the polystyrene blocks the effects of branching were masked by differences in the morphology of the domain structure unrelated to branching.
Aggressive Orders and the Resiliency of a Limit Order Market (2005)

Abstract We analyze the resiliency of a pure limit order market by investigating the limit order book (bid and ask prices, spreads, depth and duration), order flow and transaction prices in a window of best limit updates and transactions around aggressive orders (orders that move prices). We find strong persistence in the submission of aggressive orders. Aggressive orders take place when spreads and depths are relatively low, and they induce bid and ask prices to be persistently different after the shock. Depth and spread remain also higher than just before the order, but do return to their initial level within 20 best limit updates after the shock. Relative to the sample average, depths stay around their mean before and after aggressive orders, whereas spreads return to their mean after about twenty best limit updates. The initial price impact of the aggressive order is partly reversed in the subsequent transactions. However, the aggressive order produces a long-term effect as prices show a tendency to return slowly to the price of the aggressive order.
3D-Printed Surface Architecture Enhancing Superhydrophobicity and Viscous Droplet Repellency (2018)

Macrotextured superhydrophobic surfaces can reduce droplet-substrate contact times of impacting water droplets; however, surface designs with similar performance for significantly more viscous liquids are missing, despite their importance in nature and technology such as for chemical shielding, food-staining repellency, and supercooled (viscous) water droplet removal in anti-icing applications. Here, we introduce a deterministic, controllable, and upscalable method to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with a 3D-printed architecture, combining arrays of alternating surface protrusions and indentations. We show a more than threefold contact time reduction of impacting viscous droplets up to a fluid viscosity of 3.7 mPa·s, which equals 3.7 times the viscosity of water at room temperature, covering the viscosity of many chemicals and supercooled water. On the basis of the combined consideration of the fluid flow within and the simultaneous droplet dynamics above the texture, we recommend future pathways to rationally architecture such surfaces, all realizable with the methodology presented here.
Insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome in children. (2005)

The insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome (IRS), also known as syndrome X, is characterized by a clustering of factors associated with cardiovascular risk (obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). As reported from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, the IRS is present in approximately 24% of adults in the United States and is strongly associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Of equal importance, it is now clear that the origins of the IRS extend back into childhood (the IRS is found in approximately 4-10% of children and adolescents) and that the high prevalence of adult IRS is strongly linked to the development of cardiovascular risk during childhood and tracking of the components of the IRS into adulthood. The goal of this review is to present a summary of the currently available information on the IRS in the pre-adult age group with reference to adult studies only when necessary for clarification. The review will specifically summarize insulin resistance in childhood; the important influence of obesity and, in particular, visceral fat, on insulin resistance and the IRS; differences between ethnic groups; relations to adipocytokines, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress; relations of hypertension and lipids to insulin resistance; familial factors; endocrine complications; and potential therapeutic effects from diet and physical activity. Despite the lesser amount of basic and clinical information on childhood IRS in comparison to information available from adult studies, there can now be little doubt that the adverse associations among risk factors comprising the IRS begin in childhood. The challenge is to identify etiologic relations and develop intervention strategies designed to reduce the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Wobble Error Correction For Laser Scanners (1986)

The laser scanning technology was developed rapidly in recent years to fulfill the great needs of high speed, high quality image and documentation transmission and retrieval especially for facsimile and computer input/output applications. The main components of a laser scanner include a laser source, modulator, and a deflector. Recently,semiconductor lasers which can be directly modulated become popular. The modulator used externally thus can be eliminated. Among several different deflection devices, the rotating polygon mirror is used most popularly because it has high speed, large deflection angle, and low cost. Ideally, each facet of a polygon mirror should be parallel to the rotating axis to produce uniform scanning lines. However due to the fabrication limitation, it is very difficult to have perfect parallelism of each facet. The tilt of the facet will displace the scanning lines to yield a periodical pattern to which the human eyes are very sensitive. Many researchers reported several methods such as tightening the tolerance of the polygon mirror, using cylindrical lens, and employing optical-acoustic device to eliminate the wobble error. This paper will report a new method which employs a piezo-electric device to achieve the above mentioned purpose. We use an optical sensor to detect the displacement of the dislocated scanning line and feed the information to a piezo-electric device with a mirror to compensate the wobble error. This paper will describe the method briefly and present the theoretical calculation and experimental results.
Propagation and observation of digital information stored in the crosstie memory (1974)

A method of propagating inverted Néel wall sections along walls which serve as tracks for shift registers is described. The inverted Néel wall sections are bounded by a Bloch line on one end and a crosstie on the other. The Bloch line has high mobility and can be moved controllably. It is not necessary to move the crosstie in this propagation method. Also, a method of observing inverted Néel wall sections using the Kerr effect is described.
Analysis of facial impressions using average faces (1998)

The impression of the human face is very important in daily life. However few studies of it have been made from the technical point of view. This is because impressions of a face are formed in the mind of a person and it is not easy to handle this computationally. This paper proposes a method to synthesize an average face of a group of individuals in order to analyze the “impression” quantitatively. A facial space can be constructed by using multiple average faces. This facial space assists in discriminating among several impressions in changing the impression of the original faces. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 81(11): 29–35, 1998
Activities of Anaplerotic Enzymes and Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase in Biotin-deficient Bacillus megaterium (1977)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Comparison of Growth Promoting Effects on <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. by Bovine Lactoferrin Hydrolysates (2005)

The effect of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates on the growth of four species of bifidobacteria, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. breve and B. infantis was investigated. It was observed that the growth of 3 species of bifidobacteria (B. bifidum, B. breve and B. infantis) was stimulated by bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates. These results suggest the possibility that lactoferrin, digested in the intestine, acts as a bifidogenic factor for the growth of bifidobacteria.
Bistatic GPR system using a passive optical sensor for landmine detection (2003)

We are developing a novel GPR system for stand off landmine detection. This is a bistatic GPR system, which uses a TEM horn antenna for a transmitter and a passive optical electric field sensor as a receiver. A small size passive optical sensor will be scanned on the ground surface, and the acquired signal is used for synthetic aperture processing. Since the receiver is very small, it is suitable for scanning on the ground, where landmines can be buried.