gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nasal Absorption and Pharmacokinetic Disposition of Salmon Calcitonin Modified with Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol (2004)

This study was performed to examine the absorption potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified salmon calcitonin (sCT) in rats administered via the nasal route. Previous studies have used relatively high molecular weight polyethylene glycols (e.g., > or =5000 daltons) for PEG-modification of sCT to provide increased metabolic stability and biological half-life. Unlike these studies, the present study utilized a low molecular weight succinimidyl-propionated monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 2000). It was hypothesized that the potential for membrane transport would not be significantly altered due to a relatively small increase in the molecular size while the metabolic stability would be enhanced due to resistance to proteolytic degradation. After PEG-modification of sCT, the mono-PEG positional isomer (mono-PEG2k-sCT) was separated from di-PEG2k-sCT, tri-PEG2k-sCT, and unmodified sCT by size exclusion chromatography. The mono-PEG2k-sCT and unmodified sCT were radioiodinated, and the resulting 125I-sCT and 125I-mono-PEG2k-sCT were separated from free iodine by RP HPLC and confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The 125I-sCT and 125I-mono-PEG2k-sCT were administered to rats via the nasal route, and serial blood, tissue, and urine samples were taken for up to 36 h for the determination of radioactivity. Mono-PEG2k-sCT exhibited significantly increased AUC (20,638 vs. 3,650 ng.min/ml), tmax (520 vs. 77 min), and t1/2,lambdaz (923 vs. 199 min) compared with unmodified sCT. This study demonstrates that mono-PEG2k-sCT is absorbed systemically when given by the intranasal route, exhibiting altered absorption kinetics compared with unmodified sCT.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Conjugated Olefins from Allylic Acetates and Aldehydes. Synthesis of Pellitorine (1984)

Abstract A variety of allylic acetates were treated with sodium bromide and triphenylphosphine in the presence of 5 mol% of [Pd(PPh3)4] to give the phosphonium salts, which were converted to the ylids in situ and allowed to react with various aldehydes to afford the corresponding conjugated olefins in good yields. Furthermore, this procedure was applied to the synthesis of an insecticidal substance, Pellitorine.
A Study of the Dynamic Relationship of the Lumbrical Muscles and the Carpal Tunnel (1994)

The dynamic relationship of the lumbrical muscles to the carpal tunnel was studied in 35 hands in 32 patients and their movement into the tunnel on finger flexion was examined with a view to its use as a diagnostic provocation test in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Large area GaN HEMT power devices for power electronic applications: switching and temperature characteristics (2004)

Large area AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) for power electronic applications have been fabricated. These power devices offer lower on-resistance and higher switching speed than SiC devices due to higher electron mobility and high channel charge density achieved by a heterojunction. The GaN epi-layers were grown on semiinsulating 4H-SiC substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. The device structure was grown on SiC substrates due to its high thermal conductivity. The devices have been optimised with respect to electron mobility, sheet concentration, voltage breakdown, on-resistance and dispersion. Voltage breakdown of 1300 V was achieved on small devices while breakdown in the range 600-900 V was achieved on packaged devices depending on the number of devices that have been paralleled. The power device figure of merit V/sub BR//sup 2//R/sub on/=9.94/spl times/10/sup 8/ [V/sup 2//spl middot//spl Omega//sup -1/ cm/sup -2/], where V/sub BR/ is the breakdown voltage and R/sub on/ is the on-resistance, is the highest among any reported switching devices. Switching losses of large area 600 V/2.5 A power devices were measured using resistive and inductive loading. Switching times of <30 ns were achieved with an on-resistance of 0.4 /spl Omega/ (specific on-resistance=1.7 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/). The static and dynamic characteristics of GaN HEMT devices were also measured as a function of temperature up to 200/spl deg/C. Finally, the temperature distributions in the active device area were measured using Raman spectroscopy (pyrospectroscopy). This technique can be used to measure temperatures with a spatial resolution of 1-2 /spl mu/m. Device temperatures from both the active areas and SiC substrates have been measured.
Integrity of FOS B leucine zipper is essential for its interaction with JUN proteins. (1990)

fos B encodes a nuclear protein with 70% homology to c-fos, whose expression is transiently induced during the G0/G1 transition. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that FOS B protein forms a complex in vitro with c-JUN, JUN B, and JUN D. We have mutated some of the leucines of the 'leucine zipper' present in the FOS B protein and determined their effect in the interaction with JUN proteins and their binding to an AP-1 containing sequence. The exchange of either leucine 1, 3, or 5 of the leucine repeat of FOS B to a proline dramatically inhibits its association with JUN proteins. However, a more conserved substitution to isoleucine has only a 50% inhibition. These results demonstrate that any major alteration in the alpha-helical structure of the 'leucine zipper' completely inhibits the interaction of FOS B with any of the three JUN proteins.
Molecular Cloning of <i>ILP-2</i>, a Novel Member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Family (2001)

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP)-like protein-1 (ILP-1) (also known as X-linked IAP [XIAP] and mammalian IAP homolog A [MIHA]) is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis and exerts its effects, at least in part, by the direct association with and inhibition of specific caspases. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of a human gene related to ILP-1, termed ILP-2. Despite high homology to ILP-1, ILP-2 is encoded by a distinct gene, which in normal tissues is expressed solely in testis. In contrast to ILP-1, overexpression of ILP-2 had no protective effect on apoptosis mediated by Fas (also known as CD95) or tumor necrosis factor. However, ILP-2 potently inhibited apoptosis induced by overexpression of Bax or by coexpression of caspase 9 with Apaf-1, and preincubation of cytosolic extracts with ILP-2 abrogated caspase activation in vitro. A processed form of caspase 9 could be coprecipitated with ILP-2 from cells, suggesting a physical interaction between ILP-2 and caspase 9. Thus, ILP-2 is a novel IAP family member with restricted specificity for caspase 9.
Monaural Musical Sound Separation Based on Pitch and Common Amplitude Modulation (2009)

Monaural musical sound separation has been extensively studied recently. An important problem in separation of pitched musical sounds is the estimation of time-frequency regions where harmonics overlap. In this paper, we propose a sinusoidal modeling-based separation system that can effectively resolve overlapping harmonics. Our strategy is based on the observations that harmonics of the same source have correlated amplitude envelopes and that the change in phase of a harmonic is related to the instrument's pitch. We use these two observations in a least squares estimation framework for separation of overlapping harmonics. The system directly distributes mixture energy for harmonics that are unobstructed by other sources. Quantitative evaluation of the proposed system is shown when ground truth pitch information is available, when rough pitch estimates are provided in the form of a MIDI score, and finally, when a multi pitch tracking algorithm is used. We also introduce a technique to improve the accuracy of rough pitch estimates. Results show that the proposed system significantly outperforms related monaural musical sound separation systems.
Functionalization at the double‐bond region of jojoba oil. 8. Chemical binding of jojoba liquid wax to a polymer matrix<i>via</i> an amine “spacer” (1996)

Abstract Jojoba wax was chemically bonded to a polymer matrix via stable C‐N covalent bonds. The polymer matrix was prepared by amination of several types of styrene‐divinyl benzene or styrene‐vinylbenzylchloride‐divinylbenzene copolymers with diamines or polyethylene imines (polyamines). The jojoba wax was attached to the aminated polystyrene matrix by reacting an allyl‐brominated derivative of jojoba with the matrix to form a C‐N bond between the matrix and the jojoba wax. The amount of bound jojoba wax added to the polymer was in the range of 20–70% (w/w), depending on the type of polymer matrix and reaction conditions. The double‐bond regions in the jojoba wax bonded to the matrix were preserved, and they were subsequently functionalized by phosphonation and sulfur‐chlorination reactions.
Development of adult sensilla on the wing and notum of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1989)

We have investigated the temporal pattern of appearance, cell lineage, and cytodifferentiation of selected sensory organs (sensilla) of adult Drosophila. This analysis was facilitated by the discovery that the monoclonal antibody 22C10 labels not only the neuron of the developing sensillum organ, but the accessory cells as well. The precursors of the macrochaetes and the recurved (chemosensory) bristles of the wing margin divide around and shortly after puparium formation, while those of the microchaetes and the stout and slender (mechanosensory) bristles of the wing margin divide between 9 h and 18 h after puparium formation (apf). The onset of sensillum differentiation follows the terminal precursor division within a few hours. Four of the cells in an individual microchaete organ are clonally related: A single first-order precursor cell divides to produce two second-order precursors; one of these divides into the neuron and thecogen cell, the other into the trichogen cell and tormogen cell. Along the anterior wing margin, two rounds of division generate the cells of the mechanosensory sensilla; here, no strict clonal relationship seems to exist between the cells of an individual sensillum. At the time of sensillum precursor division, many other, non-sensillum-producing cells within the notum and wing proliferate as well. This mitotic activity follows a spatially non-random pattern.
STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEINS (1931)

Council Fellow in Medicine, 1927-29, during which time the experiments herein reported were performed.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides form procollagen-endotoxin complexes that trigger cartilage inflammation and degeneration: implications for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

These results suggest that molecular associations between LPS/TLR4/collagen type II in chondrocytes upregulate the NF-κB and PI-3K signaling pathways and activate proinflammatory activity.
The Effectiveness of Lysostaphin Therapy for Experimental Coagulase-Negative<i>Staphylococcus</i>Endophthalmitis (2006)

Lysostaphin was mostly effective in treating coagulase-negative staphylococcal experimental endophthalmitis.
Hyperbranched Fluoropolymer-Polydimethylsiloxane-Poly(ethylene glycol) Cross-Linked Terpolymer Networks Designed for Marine and Biomedical Applications: Heterogeneous Nontoxic Antibiofouling Surfaces (2014)

Synthesis of terpolymer coatings composed of hyperbranched fluoropolymers cross-linked with bisamino-propyl poly(ethylene glycol) and bisamino-propyl polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was performed to generate antibiofouling surfaces. Nanoscale imaging and surface spectroscopy confirmed that this system possessed complex surface topographies and chemical compositions. Surface complexity was determined to be due to molecular interactions, phase segregation, and compositional gradients arising between the three components. A clear difference in surface behavior was observable before and after exposure to water. Antibiofouling characteristics were investigated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption studies; the terpolymer coating displayed a 60% greater resistance to protein adsorption in comparison to the fouling of a commercial antibiofouling silicone coating. The unique surface topography, topology, and chemical heterogeneity expressed at a variety of scales provide a robust regime for the generation of hardy, complex surfaces known to incorporate characteristics appropriate for antibiofouling applications. Thorough assessment of thermal responses and mechanical properties in relevant environments demonstrated a formulation platform immediately appropriate for consideration in marine and in vivo applications.
The Nucleotide Sequence of the Lactose Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Transcribed from the UV5 Promoter Mutant of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1973)

I have sequenced the first 63 bases of mRNA transcribed in vitro from the UV5 promoter mutant of the E. coli lactose operon. Sonic fragments of DNA, 1000 base pairs long and purified to contain only the lac operator-promoter region, were used as template. The UV5 promoter mutation allows transcription of the lac operon in the absence of catabolite activator protein and cAMP; lac repressor controls the synthesis of this RNA. I find that during synthesis, RNA polymerase pauses at particular sites along the DNA, naturally generating several discrete sizes of RNA that provide overlaps useful for sequencing. The UV5 lac mRNA initiates within the lac operator and copies the operator sequence. The AUG initiator codon for beta-galactosidase occurs at position 39 of the message. The sequence is: pppA-A-U-U-G-U-G-A-G-C-G-G-A-U-A-A-C-A-A-U-U-U- C-A-C-A-C-A-G-G-A-A-A-C-A-G-C-U-A-U-G-A-C-C-A-U- G-A-U-U-A-C-G-G-A-U-U-C-A-C-U-G-G.
Investigación educativa y praxis (1999)

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a nucleic acid vaccine encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) gene under the control of the CMV immediate early gene promoter was examined. Mice immunized three times by intramuscular injection with the vaccine developed an HSV specific IgG but not IgA antibody response detectable in both serum and vaginal secretions. In addition, antigen-specific cellular immune responses were detected in splenic lymphocytes isolated from DNA immunized animals. Immunization reduced virus replication in the genital tract following a lethal intravaginal HSV-2 challenge. Furthermore, symptomatic genital HSV disease was reduced in immunized mice and the animals were completely protected from death. We conclude that a nucleic acid vaccine expressing HSV-1 gD induced both humoral and cell mediated immune responses in mice which proved highly protective against disease following virus challenge.
Introduction (2010)

The aim of this Special Issue of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences is to analyse the impacts of neoliberal restructuring on higher education and to explore ways of raising students’ critical awareness of these changes in their own environment. This Special Issue developed out of a symposium that was held at the University of Massachusetts in Spring 2008. Both Susan B. Hyatt and Vincent Lyon-Callo presented earlier drafts of their articles on that occasion, as did Dana-Ain Davis, whose article will appear in a future issue of LATISS. Shear and Zontine were the primary organisers of the symposium, along with other students and faculty at the University of Massachusetts, and in their article, they reflect on the collaborative, yearlong reading group project on neoliberalism from which the symposium emerged. We invited John Clarke to join us in writing for this issue to provide an international perspective on these issues as they are currently playing out in the U.K.
Differential activation of <i>ras</i> genes by point mutation in human colon cancer with metastases to either lung or liver (1991)

To study the possible role of ras oncogene activation in the dissemination of colon cancer, we determined point mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 in K- and N-ras in 3 groups of tumors: (A) primary tumors of patients who had undergone surgery for Dukes' B (early-stage) colon cancer, (B) primary tumors and metastases from patients undergoing resection of isolated lung metastases and (C) primary tumors and metastases from patients undergoing resection of isolated liver metastases. In 129 samples from 93 patients, 54 (42%) were positive for point mutations in either K- or N-ras. Most mutations (89%) were found in the K-ras gene. In group A (n = 50) ras point mutations were detected in 16 cases (32%) (15 in K-ras and 1 in N-ras). Thirteen out of 23 cases in group B (57%) were positive for a ras point mutation: 10 in K-ras and 3 in N-ras. In group C (n = 20), point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras, but none in H- or N-ras, were found in 10 cases (50%). In 31 cases the primary tumors from the metastases in groups B and C were available for analysis and 15 contained a ras point mutation (48%). Not all mutations were present in both the primary tumor and the metastasis. In 3 instances, a mutation was detected in the metastasis but not in the primary tumor, whereas in 1 case a mutation was found in the primary tumor.
Time reversed filtering in real-time (2002)

A technique is developed for indirectly realizing true time-reversed convolution for continuous inputs of infinite duration. This real-time technique is based on a novel extension of sectioned convolution methods using an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter and local time reversal using last-in, first-out (LIFO) memory stacks. This new architecture is shown to be free from zero input limit cycle and overflow oscillations even if the IIR filter on which it is based exhibits both. No constraints are placed on the magnitude or phase response characteristics of the IIR subfilter used in the time-reversed convolution scheme which permits the use of standard magnitude-only IIR filter design programs. Computer simulations are used to verify the expected magnitude and phase response. The conditions required for system time invariance are investigated both analytically and through computer simulations. The relationship between the number of samples per convolution section and the total harmonic distortion of the system is established through simulation. It is demonstrated that if the number of samples per section is greater than the number of samples required for the impulse response of the subfilter H(z) to decay below a threshold value, a stable, linear, time-invariant system results with noncausal transfer function H(z/sup -1/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein transduction domain peptide mediates delivery to the brain via the blood-brain barrier in Drosophila melanogaster (2009)

The phenomenon of protein transduction represents internalization of short peptides known as protein transduction domains (PTD) by cells. It is widely used in the development of new preparations for treatment of various brain disorders. However, the drug discovery process is limited by lack of simple and reliable models of blood brain barrier (BBB). These models should meet two main criteria: they should be applicable for testing of large numbers of samples simultaneously reproduce the physiological and functional characteristics of mammalian (including) human BBB. The major goal of this study was to estimate the BBB-crossing ability of known PTD-peptides using Drosophila melanogaster BBB as the model. We demonstrate here that after abdominal administration the PTD-peptide penetratin, derived from a Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain protein can cross Drosophila and deliver the apoE mimetic peptide exhibiting neuroprotective properties.
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of The Breast: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Controversies (2001)

Silverstein, Melvin J MD; Parker, Steve MD; Grotting, James C MD; Cote, Richard J MD; Russell, Christy A MD Author Information
Gene transfer of soluble interleukin-17 receptor prolongs cardiac allograft survival in a rat model☆ (2006)

Local expression of soluble IL-17 receptor-immunoglobulin attenuates T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses and leukocyte infiltration in rat cardiac allografts, thereby mediating prolonged graft survival. Intragraft IL-17 inhibition may be useful as an adjuvant therapy to systemic immunosuppression in heart transplantation.
TaintEraser (2011)

We present TaintEraser, a new tool that tracks the movement of sensitive user data as it flows through off-the-shelf applications. TaintEraser uses application-level dynamic taint analysis to let users run applications in their own environment while preventing unwanted information exposure. It is made possible by techniques we developed for accurate and efficient tainting: (1) Semantic-aware instruction-level tainting is critical to track taint accurately, without explosion or loss. (2) Function summaries provide an interface to handle taint propagation within the kernel and reduce the overhead of instruction-level tracking. (3) On-demand instrumentation enables fast loading of large applications. Together, these techniques let us analyze large, multi-threaded, networked applications in near real-time. In tests on Internet Explorer, Yahoo! Messenger, and Windows Notepad, Taint- Eraser generated no false positives and instrumented fewer than 5% of the executed instructions while precisely scrubbing user-defined sensitive data that would otherwise have been exposed to restricted output channels. Our research provides the first evidence that it is viable to track taint accurately and efficiently for real, interactive applications running on commodity hardware.
Conditional Recombination Reveals Distinct Subsets of Epithelial Cells in Trachea, Bronchi, and Alveoli (2005)

To identify relationships amongst tracheal and alveolar epithelial cells during lung development, we used conditional systems controlled by the rat CCSP and human SFTPC gene promoters to express Cre-recombinase in the developing mouse lung, thereby permanently labeling cells by expression of alkaline phosphatase or green fluorescent protein. When controlled by the rat CCSP promoter, continuous exposure of the fetus to doxycycline caused widespread recombination in conducting airway epithelial cells, including cells of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles before birth, and in both conducting and peripheral airways after birth. Neuroepithelial cells, identified by CGRP staining, were never labeled. Recombination and permanent labeling were observed in both ciliated and nonciliated respiratory epithelial cells, demonstrating their derivation from common progenitor cells during lung morphogenesis. Remarkable dorsal-ventral and cephalo-caudal labeling patterns, established before birth, were identified by recombination controlled by the rat CCSP gene promoter. In the trachea, subsets of epithelial cells labeled by the CCSP promoter were organized horizontally along the dorsal-ventral axis of the trachea, where selective labeling of cells juxtaposed to tracheal and bronchial cartilage was observed. In sharp contrast, recombination controlled by the human SFTPC gene promoter identified related cells that were organized in linear patterns along the cephalo-caudal axis of the conducting airways. Conditional expression of Cre-recombinase in the respiratory epithelium provides a useful model for the study of gene expression and function in the mouse respiratory tract and in the lung.