gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate control of remaining resist depth for nanoscale three-dimensional structures in electron-beam grayscale lithography (2007)

In electron-beam (e-beam) grayscale lithography, a three-dimensional (3D) structure is transferred onto the resist or substrate. In either case, accurate control of the remaining resist depth and, accordingly, profile is critical for successful fabrication of the structure. Usually, the remaining resist depth control is guided by the empirically derived dose (or exposure)-depth relationship using a two-dimensional model. However, such an approach may require multiple calibrations and also lead to significant dimensional errors for nanoscale structures due to the depth-dependent variation of exposure and the nonlinearity between exposure and developing rate. In this study, a resist developing model is incorporated into e-beam dose control schemes in order to take the exposure variation and nonlinearity into account. Through computer simulation, it has been demonstrated that significant improvement in dimensional accuracy may be achieved by including the 3D resist developing model in the e-beam dose control for fabricating nanoscale 3D structures.
Response to ustekinumab in a patient with both severe psoriasis and hypertrophic cutaneous lupus (2012)

Psoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that has recently been treated with a novel treatment, ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets the Th17 pathway. Discoid lupus is a subset of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Recent studies have suggested the Th17 pathway may be involved in cutaneous lupus. We present a case of a 41-year-old man with both severe psoriasis and hypertrophic discoid lupus treated with ustekinumab. After three doses of 45 mg subcutaneous injections at day 1, week 4, and week 16, his psoriasis plaques cleared and his hypertrophic discoid lupus plaques showed moderate improvement. Following a fourth dose of 90 mg his lupus plaques showed marked improvement. Ustekinumab may be a promising therapy for this and other forms of cutaneous lupus.
Stromal estrogen receptors mediate mitogenic effects of estradiol on uterine epithelium (1997)

Estradiol-17beta (E2) acts through the estrogen receptor (ER) to regulate uterine growth and functional differentiation. To determine whether E2 elicits epithelial mitogenesis through epithelial ER versus indirectly via ER-positive stromal cells, uteri from adult ER-deficient ER knockout (ko) mice and neonatal ER-positive wild-type (wt) BALB/c mice were used to produce the following tissue recombinants containing ER in epithelium (E) and/or stroma (S), or lacking ER altogether: wt-S + wt-E, wt-S + ko-E, ko-S + ko-E, and ko-S + wt-E. Tissue recombinants were grown for 4 weeks as subrenal capsule grafts in intact female nude mice, then the hosts were treated with either E2 or oil a week after ovariectomy. Epithelial labeling index and ER expression were determined by [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In tissue recombinants containing wt-S (wt-S + wt-E, wt-S + ko-E), E2 induced a similar large increase in epithelial labeling index compared with oil-treated controls in both types of tissue recombinants despite the absence of epithelial ER in wt-S + ko-E tissue recombinants. This proliferative effect was blocked by an ER antagonist, indicating it was mediated through ER. In contrast, in tissue recombinants prepared with ko-S (ko-S + ko-E and ko-S + wt-E), epithelial labeling index was low and not stimulated by E2 despite epithelial ER expression in ko-S + wt-E grafts. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that epithelial ER is neither necessary nor sufficient for E2-induced uterine epithelial proliferation. Instead, E2 induction of epithelial proliferation appears to be a paracrine event mediated by ER-positive stroma. These data in the uterus and similar studies in the prostate suggest that epithelial mitogenesis in both estrogen and androgen target organs are stromally mediated events.
Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light (2003)

Electromagnetically induced transparency in an optically thick, cold medium creates a unique system where pulse-propagation velocities may be orders of magnitude less than c and optical nonlinearities become exceedingly large. As a result, nonlinear processes may be efficient at low-light levels. Using an atomic system with three, independent channels, we demonstrate a quantum interference switch where a laser pulse with an energy per area of $\ensuremath{\sim}23$ photons per ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}/(2\ensuremath{\pi})$ causes a $1/e$ absorption of a second pulse.
Extraction of the trap density at the gate periphery using the gated diode array for giga-bit DRAMs (2003)

Gated diode arrays which have varied peripheral length around the gates are proposed to evaluate the leakage current at the gate periphery of deep sub-micron devices. Due to the high electric field at the gate edge in deep sub-micron devices, the leakage current is enhanced by trap-assisted tunneling. The leakage currents at the gate edge were measured independently of the junction bias voltage with the gated diode arrays. This allows extraction of the trap density at the gate edge, even for deep sub-micron devices with high doping concentration. This method is useful for extraction of the trap density at the gate edge, which is the key parameter for control of the junction leakage current, for deep sub-micron devices in giga-bit DRAM.
Barriers to the effective management of bipolar disorder: a survey of psychiatrists based in the UK and USA (2005)

The highest priority items across the spectrum of treatment related to the need for clinically effective therapeutic agents with broad efficacy and favorable tolerability. At the time of initial diagnosis, patient education, family support, and earlier referral to specialist care were the highest priority needs.
Towards a mobile airbag system using MEMS sensors and embedded intelligence (2007)

This paper introduces the development of a mobile human airbag system designed for fall protection for the elderly. A Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (μIMU) that is 66 mm x 20 mm x 20 mm in size is built. This unit consists of three dimensional MEMS accelerometers, gyroscopes, MCU, and a Bluetooth module. It records human motion information, and, with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) training process, it can be used to classify falls and other normal motions successfully with an SVM filter. Based on the SVM filter, an embedded DSP (Digital Signal Processing) system is developed for real-time fall detection. Also, a smart mechanical airbag deployment system is finalized. This system weighs 253.5 grams (including a 42.5 g compressed CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> cylinder) with dimensions of 190 mm length, 57 mm width and 30 mm height. The response time of the mechanical trigger is 0.133 seconds, which has been proven in our lab to allow enough time for compressed air release before a person falls down to the ground. The integrated system is tested, and the feasibility of the airbag system for real-time fall protection is demonstrated.
Design of a New Somatosensory Stimulus Delivery Device for Measuring Laryngeal Mechanosensory Detection Thresholds in Humans (2008)

Laryngeal control is essential for airway protection, breathing, deglutition, speech, and voice. Unfortunately, integration of laryngeal sensory assessment in research and clinical practice is limited by technical and practical limitations of commercially available technology. A commercial device is available, but reported limitations include procedural complexity requiring two or three individuals to operate, limited stimulus dynamic range, device generated noise, and questionable stimulus reproducibility. The objective of this study was to design a new laryngeal somatosensory stimulus delivery device that provides direct, reliable control over the timing, duration, and dynamic range of stimulus presentation, and test the device in individuals who may manifest a laryngeal sensory deficit. The new device operates silently and has more than four times greater stimulus dynamic range than the commercial device. Testing with the new device revealed laryngeal mechanosensory detection thresholds in an individual with Parkinson's disease that were seven times higher than those of healthy controls. These data would have otherwise gone undetected due to limited stimulus dynamic range in the commercial device. The new design resulted in a new assessment instrument that is simple to use for routine clinical assessment, yet sufficiently versatile for integration within rigorous clinical research protocols.
Organic medium for integrated optics (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. A. Bartolini, A. Bloom, and D. J. Channin, "Organic medium for integrated optics," Appl. Opt. 15, 2628-2629 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Selenoprotein in the Plant Kingdom (2002)

Selenoproteins that contain the rare amino acid selenocysteine in their primary structure have been identified in diverse organisms such as viruses, bacteria, archea, and mammals, but so far not in yeast or plants. Among the most thoroughly investigated families of selenoenzymes are the animal glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). In the last few years, genes encoding GPX-like homologues from Chlamydomonas and higher plants have been isolated, but, unlike the animal ones, all of them have cysteine (rather than selenocysteine) residues in their catalytic site. In all organisms investigated that contain selenoproteins, selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA opal codon, which is usually a stop codon. We report here that, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the cDNA-cloned sequence of a GPX homologue contains an internal TGA codon in frame to the ATG. Specific mRNA expression, protein production, and enzyme activity are selenium-dependent. Sequence analysis of the peptides produced by proteolytic digestion, performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), confirmed the presence of a selenocysteine residue at the predicted site and suggest its location in the mitochondria. Thus, our data present the first direct proof that a UGA opal codon is decoded in the plant kingdom to incorporate selenocysteine.
Application Accuracy of Automatic Registration in Frameless Stereotaxy (2006)

The application accuracy found for automatic referencing is at least not worse than that for standard registration no matter whether 4 or 7 fiducial markers were used. Therefore, its use in the operating room is feasible. In combination with intraoperative MRI it may become a favorable alternative to standard fiducial-based registration especially when an intraoperative update of navigation data is necessary.
Suppression of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits by ex vivo gene therapy (1996)

Abstract Gene therapy offers a novel approach to treating human joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, we have used the retrovirus, MFG-IRAP, to transfer the human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) gene to rabbits’ knees and have assessed its impact on inflammatory and chondrodestructive aspects of the acute phase of antigen-induced arthritis in these joints. Surprisingly, intra-articular expression of IRAP was three- to fivefold higher in arthritic knees than in nonarthritic knees, accumulating to levels of over 20 ng/knee in the highest expressing joints. This level of expression produced a marked chondroprotective effect but a milder anti-inflammatory one. Both the increased cartilage matrix catabolism and the inhibition of matrix synthesis that occur in antigen-induced arthritis were abrogated in the presence of the IRAP gene; the latter effect was particularly strong. Of the indices of inflammation that were examined, only leukocyte influx into the joint space was inhibited, and this effect declined with time. Concentrations of rabbit IL-1 were reduced by the IRAP gene, suggesting inhibition of an autocrine induction loop. These data demonstrate that the course of arthritic disease in the rabbit knee can be altered by genetic manipulation, thus encouraging the further development of gene treatments for human joint diseases.
The sugar 3-deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-<i>manno</i>-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) as a characteristic component of bacterial endotoxin — a review of its biosynthesis, function, and placement in the lipopolysaccharide core (2013)

The sugar 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) is a characteristic component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). It connects the carbohydrate part of LPS with C6 of glucosamine or 2,3-diaminoglucose of lipid A by acid-labile α-ketosidic linkage. The number of Kdo units present in LPS, the way they are connected, and the occurrence of other substituents (P, PEtn, PPEtn, Gal, or β-l-Ara4N) account for structural diversity of the inner core region of endotoxin. In a majority of cases, Kdo is crucial to the viability and growth of bacterial cells. In this paper, the biosynthesis of Kdo and the mechanism of its incorporation into the LPS structure, as well as the location of this unique component in the endotoxin core structures, have been described.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Reduce Dengue Virus Production by Affecting the Initial Steps of Virion Morphogenesis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2000)

We report that endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have antiviral effects on dengue (DEN) virus. We found that glucosidase inhibition strongly affects productive folding pathways of the envelope glycoproteins prM (the intracellular glycosylated precursor of M [membrane protein]) and E (envelope protein): the proper folding of prM bearing unprocessed N-linked oligosaccharide is inefficient, and this causes delayed formation of prME heterodimer. The complexes formed between incompletely folded prM and E appear to be unstable, leading to a nonproductive pathway. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase-mediated N-linked oligosaccharide trimming may thus prevent the assembly of DEN virus by affecting the early stages of envelope glycoprotein processing.
Linear and Nonlinear Precoding Based Dynamic Spectrum Management for Downstream Vectored G.fast Transmission (2015)

In the G.fast frequency range (up to 212 MHz), the diagonal dominance structure of the channel matrix is no longer valid at the higher frequencies. As a result, the linear Zero Forcing (ZF) precoder in combination with dynamic spectrum management (DSM) is no longer near-optimal for downstream vectored G.fast transmission. To boost performance, we develop a novel low-complexity algorithm for both linear and non-linear precoding based DSM that maximizes the weighted line sum-rate under realistic per-line total power and per-tone spectral mask constraints. The algorithm relies on a Lagrange multiplier based transformation of the downstream dual decomposition approach formulation into its dual upstream formulation, together with a low-complexity iterative fixed-point formula to solve the resulting upstream problems. Simulations with measured G.fast channel data up to both 106 and 212 MHz are provided revealing a significantly increased performance of this algorithm over linear ZF precoding.
A novel approach of chemical functionalization on nano-scaled silica particles (2003)

Chemical functionalization on nano-scaled silica particles was performed through the reaction between the silanol group of silica and the oxirane ring of epoxy compounds. The occurrence of the surface functionalization and the chemical structures of the resulting products were characterized with FTIR and 1H NMR. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry and transmission electronic micrography observation on the silica particles also confirmed the surface functionalization. This approach provides another method to organically functionalize nano-scaled silica particles and can be applied to the preparation of organic–inorganic nanocomposites.
Two-Level Structured Self-Adaptive Surfaces with Reversibly Tunable Properties (2003)

We report a route to fabricate two-level structured self-adaptive surfaces (SAS) of polymer materials. The first level of structure is built by a rough polymer film that consists of needlelike structures of micrometer size. The second level of structure is formed by the nanoscopic self-assembled domains of a demixed polymer brush irreversibly grafted onto the needles. By exposing the surface to solvents that are selective to one of the components of the brush, we reversibly tune the surface properties. The large-scale surface structure amplifies the response and enables us to control wettability, adhesion, and chemical composition of the surface over a wide range.
Automated interpretation of horizontal magnetic gradient profile data (1992)

Abstract A new technique has been developed to estimate the vertical magnetic gradient (G z ) along a profile from measurements of the two orthogonal horizontal magnetic gradients (G x and G y ). In addition, a means of identifying two-dimensional anomaly sources and the angle of the structure relative to the profile direction is shown to be a function of theta = arctan (-G y /G x ). This angle can be used to correct interpretations from vertical gradient or total field inversion methods which assume source structures oriented perpendicular to the profile direction.A modified Werner deconvolution algorithm for vertical gradient data incorporating these features has been applied to both real and simulated horizontal gradient data.
SmartNIC Performance Isolation with FairNIC (2020)

Multiple vendors have recently released SmartNICs that provide both special-purpose accelerators and programmable processing cores that allow increasingly sophisticated packet processing tasks to be offloaded from general-purpose CPUs. Indeed, leading data-center operators have designed and deployed SmartNICs at scale to support both network virtualization and application-specific tasks. Unfortunately, cloud providers have not yet opened up the full power of these devices to tenants, as current runtimes do not provide adequate isolation between individual applications running on the SmartNICs themselves.
Histopathological characterization of nephritides in the brown capuchin monkey, Cebus apella (Primates: Cebidae). (2000)

The renal lesions are of special importance in the captive primates. The most commonly pathologies are: pyelonephritis, nephrocalcinosis, glomerulonephritis, congenital malformations, hydronephrosis and functional diseases. We report the histopathological study of renal lesions of five cases of deaths in Cebus apella (Primates) of the Argentinean Primate Center. The ages of the monkeys were from 4 months to 15 years old. Microscopically, we have observed principally acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, hilar mesangio proliferative glomerulonephritis, extracapilar glomerulonephritis with crescents, chronic interstitial nephritis and chronic pyelophritis.
Splat‐cooled alloys in the Ag‐Sn‐Cu system (1974)

Strength, dimensional change during setting, and corrosion resistance have been measured for amalgams prepared from splat-cooled alloys of different compositions in the Ag-Sn-Cu system. The amalgam with optimum values of these properties was made from the alloy containing 60 at. % Ag, 25 at. % Sn, and 15 at.% Cu. Tensile strengths for amalgams from this alloy were about 8000 psi, dimensional change during setting near zero, and corrosion resistance was good. X-Ray diffraction showed that the gamma1 and gamma2 phases had essentially disappeared after about 24 hr. At the latter time Cu6Sn5 was present.
Effects of low dose corticosteroids on the bone mineral density of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1995)

Low dose corticosteroid use has a significant effect on BMD of the lumbar spine.
Multi-lineage potential of fetal cells in maternal tissue: a legacy in reverse (2005)

Fetal cells circulate in pregnant women and persist in blood and tissue for decades post-partum. The mother thus becomes chimeric. Factors that may influence such fetal cell microchimerism include histocompatibility, fetal or placental abnormalities, or a reproductive history that includes miscarriage or elective termination. Fetal cell microchimerism is associated with some maternal autoimmune diseases, such as systemic sclerosis. Moreover, a novel population of fetal cells, the pregnancy-associated progenitor cells (PAPCs), appears to differentiate in diseased or injured maternal tissue. The cellular origin of these cells is at present unknown but could be a hematopoietic stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, or a novel cell type. Pregnancy therefore results in the acquisition of cells with stem-cell-like properties that may influence maternal health post-partum. Rather than triggering disease, these cells may instead combat it.
Coupled-wave analysis of apodized volume grating (2005)

This work presents the use of longitudinal refractive index modulation (apodization) in photosensitive glass for improved sidelobe suppression in volume holographic optical elements. We develop a numerical model for both uniform and apodized volume holograms based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis. We validate the model by comparison with a transmissive 1.55-μm uniform volume grating in photothermorefractive glass. We then apply our numerical model to calculate the spectral response of apodized gratings. The numerical results demonstrate that apodization of the refractive index modulation envelope improves spectral selectivity and reduces the firstorder side-lobe peaks by up to 33 dB. We suggest a method for creating apodization in volume holograms with approximately Gaussian spatial refractive index profile. We Also computed the group delay for a beam with finite transverse width. The results show the delay between the paths increases as the diffraction angles increase.
High-performance optical-fiber-nonlinearity-based optical waveform monitoring (2005)

An all-optical waveform sampling system with simultaneous submilliwatt optical signal sensitivity (20-dB signal-to-noise ratio) and subpicosecond temporal resolution over more than 60-nm optical bandwidth is demonstrated in this paper. The optical sampling was implemented by four-wave mixing in a 10-m highly nonlinear fiber using a sampling pulse source with a sampling pulse peak power of only 16 W. The sampling performance was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, temporal resolution, and optical bandwidth with respect to fiber length, sampling pulse source wavelength offset from the zero-dispersion wavelength of the highly nonlinear fiber, sampling pulse peak power, and walk-off due to chromatic dispersion. This paper also presents a summary of the available methods to achieve polarization-independent optical sampling as well as a brief summary of the available sampling pulse sources viable for optical sampling.
An efficient, small scale chemical oxygen-iodine laser (1982)

More than 40% extractable power efficiency has been achieved in a transverse flow, small scale, chemically pumped iodine-atom laser. 5 W of cw laser emission at 1315 nm has been obtained via energy transfer from chemically generated O2(1Δ) to I atoms in a 10×1 cm2 rectangular flow duct. Simple construction materials, safely handled chemicals, and a medium size vacuum pump were used for fabricating and operating the laser. The importance of minimizing quenching of excited species by collision with water molecules or with the wall is demonstrated.