gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Optical Access Network Integrating Fiber-to-the-Home and Radio-Over-Fiber Systems (2007)

Hybrid optical access networks, integrating fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems that share a single distributed infrastructure, are promising for future multiservice access networks. The primary concern is to enable RoF and FTTH systems to transmit both radio-frequency (RF) and baseband (BB) signals on a single wavelength over a single fiber. This study experimentally demonstrates simultaneous generation and transmission of a wired-line BB signal and a wireless RF signal on a single wavelength, using one external modulator. The hybrid signals transmitted over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) do not suffer from periodic performance fading due to fiber dispersion. Following transmission over 50-km SSMF, the power penalties of both RF and BB signals are less than 0.2 dB
Thermal decomposition of ammonia borane at high pressures (2009)

The effects of high pressure (up to 9 GPa) on the thermal decomposition of ammonia borane, BH3NH3, were studied in situ by Raman spectroscopy in a diamond anvil cell. In contrast with the three-step decomposition at ambient pressure, thermolysis under pressure releases almost the entire hydrogen content of the molecule in two distinct steps. The residual of the first decomposition is polymeric aminoborane, (BH2NH2)x, which is also observed at ambient pressure. The residual after the second decomposition is unique to high pressure. Presumably it corresponds to a precursor to hexagonal BN where macromolecular fragments of planar hexagon layers formed by B and N atoms are terminated by H atoms. Increasing pressure increases the temperature of both decomposition steps. Due to the increased first decomposition temperature it becomes possible to observe a new high pressure, high temperature phase of BH3NH3 which may represent melting.
THE DETERMINATION OF TRITIUM IN NATURAL WATERS (1956)

A study of the tritium content of rain- and sea-water samples collected during the past several years has been made. The tritium in 100–2000 gm. samples was concentrated 2000 to 20000 fold by electrolysis and the final concentrate counted as hydrogen in a Geiger counter. Good counter characteristics were obtained at hydrogen pressures up to one atmosphere by the use of an electronic quench unit of suitable deadtime in addition to the internal quench gas, ethylene. Rain and snow samples collected at Ottawa over the period 1951–1953 were found to range from 17.1 to 42.0 tritium atoms per 10 18 hydrogen atoms, averaging 26.6. Tritium values for Ottawa rain-water for 1954 showed marked effects of the thermonuclear tests in the Pacific in the spring of that year, rising 10 to 100 fold during the test period, then gradually returning to normal, demonstrating a half time for washout of 35 days. The average tritium concentration of the year’s rain is estimated to be 260 × 10 −18 T/H. Surface sea-water samples collected at widely separated sites in the latter half of 1954 and early 1955 showed tritium concentrations in the range 3.0–4.2 × 10 −18 T/H, a value which corresponds with the amount of artificially produced tritium observed in Ottawa rain. Subsurface samples collected at one station off the coast of Nova Scotia in mid-1955 showed an unexpected concentration level and pattern, having a T/H value of 32.4 × 10 −18 at the bottom depth of 600 ft., diminishing to a value of 5.4 × 10 −18 at the surface. This is not thought to be a result of thermonuclear testing and warrants further investigation.
Regulation of Egr-1 (Zfp-6) and c-fos expression in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. (1991)

The Egr-1 gene (zfp-6) encodes a 'zinc finger'-type transcription factor that is one of the early growth response genes induced, together with c-fos proto-oncogene, in many cell types. Our earlier work indicated that Egr-1 and c-fos may also play roles in differentiation and we now present data to show some features of their regulation. Transcriptional regulation accounts at least partly for the increased steady-state levels of Egr-1 mRNA in differentiating teratocarcinoma cells; this rate increases threefold over the 7-10 days of differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells with both 0.5% DMSO (to give predominantly cardiac muscle) and 1 microM retinoic acid (to give nerve and glial cells). The stability of Egr-1 transcripts remains the same (T1/2 = 90 min) in undifferentiated EC and differentiated cell products. In contrast, transcripts for c-fos are barely detectable in EC cells and increase 20-fold during differentiation. The basis for this is a marked increase in stability of c-fos mRNA after differentiation. The protein products of both genes parallel the steady-state levels of their mRNAs, but both proteins become more stable in differentiated cells. This is particularly marked for c-Fos protein, which appears as a distinct 58 kDa species in terminally differentiated P19 cells. Both Egr-1 and c-Fos proteins remain at high constitutive levels in differentiated cells indicating a distinct role for these transcription factors, For instance, it appears that this form of Fos protein may not repress the synthesis of the Egr-1 gene as it does during transient expression of serum-stimulated genes.
Shadow-evaporated nanometre-sized gaps and their use in electrical studies of nanocrystals (2005)

We have developed a technique for fabricating arrays of gaps as small as 3?nm between metal electrodes using a shadow-evaporation technique. These small gaps are fairly reliable and reproducible, and can in principle be made in large quantities, for example across a whole silicon wafer. The gaps can be used to measure the electrical properties of nanoelectronic systems, such as nanocrystals. Our electrical measurements of CdSe nanocrystals 4.2?nm in diameter at 4.2?K show steps in the current?voltage characteristics related to the filling of electronic shells in the nanocrystal and to Coulomb charging.
Detection of UDP-D-Xylose: -D-Xyloside  ->3Xylosyltransferase Activity in Human Hepatoma Cell Line HepG2 (1996)

We previously reported the detection of novel O-linked sugar chains classified as being of the glucosyl-O-serine type [Hase et al. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 867-868]. The sugar chains are a disaccharide (Xyl alpha 1-3Glc) and a trisaccharide (Xyl alpha 1-3Xyl alpha 1-3 Glc) linked to serine residues in epidermal growth factor-like domains of human and bovine blood coagulation factors. The structures of these sugar chains suggested the presence of an alpha 1-->3xylosyltransferase for their biosynthesis. We report here on the detection of alpha 1-->3xylosyltransferase activity which catalyzes the transfer of xylose to Xyl alpha 1-3Glc in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. We employed pyridylaminated Xyl alpha 1-3Glc as a fluorescent acceptor and UDP-D-Xyl as a donor. The reaction product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC, and the structure of the transfer product isolated was confirmed to be pyridylaminated Xyl alpha 1-3Xyl alpha 1-3Glc by Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and alpha- and beta-xylosidase digestions. The apparent K(m) value for pyridylaminated Xyl alpha 1-3Glc was 52 mM and for UDP-D-Xyl 0.28 mM. Optimum pH was 7.2. The enzyme was inactivated by addition of EDTA, and its activity was restored by addition of Mn2+ and Mg2+. These results indicate the presence of a novel enzyme which is able to transfer xylose to Xyl alpha 1-3Glc, forming Xyl alpha 1-3Xyl alpha 1-3Glc in human cells.
Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides with Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) Catalyzed by Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine Tricyclohexylphosphine Complexes (2007)

Cyanation of aryl chlorides with potassium hexacyano­ferrate(II) catalyzed by cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine tricyclohexylphosphine complex has been described. This method is applicable to both activated and deactivated aryl chlorides. The ­corresponding aryl nitriles were isolated in good to excellent yields
Crane automation by decoupling control of a double pendulum using two translational actuators (2000)

Modeling a crane as a double pendulum enables control of the position as well as the tilt of the load. Using the trolley motion and an additional translational actuator at the load suspension unit as system inputs, a control structure is described, that achieves damping of sway and tilt oscillations and establishes a decoupling between position and tilt angle of the load. These control features are the foundation for using the crane as a large workspace covering robot with six degrees of freedom. State space methods are used to design the decoupling control. Experimental results on a 5 ton bridge crane with workspace dimensions of 30 m/spl times/9 m/spl times/7 m show the performance of the presented concept.
New re-refining technologies of the western world (1979)

Rulings prohibiting dumping or storing in sludge pools of used motor lubricating oils and the dwindling oil reserves of the world have served to spur development of new technological processes for re-refining of used motor oil. Various re-refining processes developed in both Europe and the US are reviewed. The Recyclon Process developed in Switzerland in collaboration with a West German company consists of chemical treatment of the previously dried oil with a soldium emulsion followed by distillation recovery of the basic oils. A vacuum distillation technic for recovery has been developed by Kinetics Technology International (KTI) or Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. A propane precipitation technology developed at the Institut Francois de Petrole (IFP) is currently being used by at least two firms in Italy. IFP is now working on a membrane filtration treatment of the pretreated oil. A process recently developed by the Phillips Petroleum Co. called the PROP process includes chemical precipitation of contaminants, separation of oil and precipitate, removal of additional contaminants with clay, and hydrogenation to produce a good final product. Another process developed in the US by the Bartlesville Energy Research Center, the BERC Process, involves dehydration and production of a fuel cut in a staged distillation,more » solvent extraction to remove coking and fouling precursors, recovery of solvent, distillation of the feedstock, and either clay finishing or hydrofinishing. Advantages and disadvantages of all processes are noted. (BLM)« less
A differential-based parallel force/velocity actuation concept : theory and experiments (2009)

several student assistants at the ETC Machine Shop, it would have been an uphill task to fabricate the components of the PFVA testbed.
Electric-field assisted immobilization and hybridization of DNA oligomers on thin-film microchips (2005)

Single, square voltage pulses in the microsecond timescale result in selective 5'-end covalent bonding (immobilization) of thiolated single-stranded (ss) DNA probes to a modified silicon dioxide flat surface and in specific hybridization of ssDNA targets to the immobilized probe. Immobilization and hybridization rates using microsecond voltage pulses at or below 1 V are at least 10(8) times faster than in the passive control reactions performed without electric field (E), and can be achieved with at least three differently functionalized thin-film surfaces on plastic or glass substrates. The systematic study of the effect of DNA probe and target concentrations, of DNA probe and target length, and the application of asymmetric pulses on E-assisted DNA immobilization and hybridization showed that: (1) the rapidly rising edge of the pulse is most critical to the E-assisted processes, but the duration of the pulse is also important; (2) E-assisted immobilization and hybridization can be performed with micrometre-sized pixels, proving the potential for use on microelectronic length scales, and the applied voltage can be scaled down together with the electrode spacing to as low as 25 mV; and (3) longer DNA chains reduce the yield in the E-assisted immobilization and hybridization because the density of physisorbed single-stranded DNA is reduced. The results show that the E-induced reactions can be used as a general method in DNA microarrays to produce high-density DNA chips (E-immobilization) and speed the microarray-based analysis (E-hybridization).
PI 3-kinase and its up- and down-stream modulators as potential targets for the treatment of type II diabetes (2002)

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of impaired insulin secretion and, to a greater extent, resistance of target tissues to insulin action. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a key role in insulin signaling and has been shown to be blunted in tissues of type 2 diabetes subjects. There is emerging biochemical and, particularly, genetic evidence suggesting that insulin resistance can potentially be treated via modulation of PI3K by targeting PI3K itself or its up and down-stream modulators. These potential targets include Src homology 2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), kappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), PKC isoforms, and the PI3K p85 subunit. There is evidence suggesting that their inhibition affects PI3K activity and improves insulin sensitivity in vivo. In the current review, we will discuss the role of these molecules in insulin-mediated activation of PI3K, the rational for targeting these molecules for diabetes treatment, and some critical issues in terms of drug development.
Implementing the Rensselaer 80/20 Model in professional education (2002)

The Rensselaer 80/20 Model combines both asynchronous and synchronous activities to create a complete course. Asynchrony utilizes the World Wide Web and has students doing activities on their time and at their location. Synchrony brings students together in time for complementary activities using any number of technologies. The paper describes the application of the Rensselaer 80/20 Model to a course in Object-Oriented User Interface Development (OOUID) that is a part of our professional master's program. It brings together the "GuideOnTheSide" for asynchronous learning and a synchronous software product called LearnLinc both pioneered at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Effect of Honey and Eugenol on Ehrlich Ascites and Solid Carcinoma (2010)

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma adapted to ascites form and carried in outbred mice by serial intraperitoneal (i/p) passages. The previous work from our laboratory showed that honey having higher phenolic content was potent in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation. In this work, we extended our research to screen the antitumor activity of two selected honey samples and eugenol (one of the phenolic constituents of honey) against murine Ehrlich ascites and solid carcinoma models. Honey containing higher phenolic content was found to significantly inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as compared to other samples. When honey containing higher phenolic content was given at 25% (volume/volume) intraperitoneally (i/p), the maximum tumor growth inhibition was found to be 39.98%. However, honey was found to be less potent in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma. On the other hand, eugenol at a dose of 100 mg/kg i/p was able to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites by 28.88%. In case of solid carcinoma, eugenol (100 mg/kg; i/p) showed 24.35% tumor growth inhibition. This work will promote the development of honey and eugenol as promising candidates in cancer chemoprevention.
Formation of Bromate and Chlorate during Ozonation and Electrolysis in Seawater for Ballast Water Treatment (2014)

Many effective technologies have been developed and approved for ballast water treatment, and the effectiveness of a process should be evaluated considering its environmental friendliness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation and formation mechanisms of bromate (BrO3−) and chlorate (ClO3−) in seawater during ozonation, electrolysis, and a combined (ozonation/electrolysis) process. In seawater ozonation, BrO3− was generated exceeding a 5 mg/L ozone dose despite the high Br− (65 mg/L). The formation of BrO3− and ClO3− by electrolysis depended on the electrode materials where two types of electrodes (IrO2/Ti and Pt/Ti) were used. The combined (ozonation/electrolysis) process generated much higher levels of BrO3− and ClO3− than either individual process. In ozonation or electrolysis, mixed oxidant including HOCl/OCl− and HOBr/OBr− is the main parameter for inactivation, which is called total residual oxidant, TRO. In this study, a predictive model for BrO3− and ClO3− was suggested in terms of TRO formation. This predictive model can recommend allowable TRO (generated by ozonation or electrolysis) for practical applications in seawater treatment.
GNSS ambiguity bootstrapping: theory and application (2001)

The purpose of carrier phase ambiguity resolution is to improve upon the precision of the estimated GNSS baseline by means of the integer ambiguity constraints. There exists a whole class of integer ambiguity estimators from which one can choose. Members from this class are, for instance, integer rounding, integer bootstrapping and integer leastsquares. In this review paper we will present the theory and application of the method of integer bootstrapping. Particular emphasis is given to the probabilistic properties of the bootstrapped estimator. We will present the probability mass function of the bootstrapped estimator, the bootstrapped pull-in regions, the distribution of the bootstrapped baseline and easy-to-compute ways of evaluating the confidence regions of the GNSS baselines. They are important if one wants to perform a rigorous quality control.
Relationships, origin, and diversity of Galápagos tomatoes: implications for the conservation of natural populations (2004)

Endemic Galápagos tomatoes (Lycopersicon cheesmanii) are of great value for cultivated tomato (L. esculentum) breeding, and therefore their conservation is of significance. Although within L. cheesmanii there is heterogeneity for many traits and formal infraspecific classification is not justified, here we distinguish three forms, without taxonomic significance, of L. cheesmanii that are of interest to breeders because of their distinctive morphology and habitat preferences: L. cheesmanii 'short' (one- to two-pinnate leaves, short internodes, and coastal habitats), L. cheesmanii 'long' (one- to two-pinnate leaves, long internodes, and inland habitats), and L. cheesmanii forma minor (three- to four-pinnate leaves, short internodes, and coastal habitats). In a recent survey of tomato populations in the Galápagos Islands, we found that several populations of L. cheesmanii reported 30-50 years earlier had disappeared, mostly as a consequence of human activity. In addition, a previously unreported invasive wild red-fruited form, which we named L. esculentum 'Gal cer,' was found on the island of Santa Cruz. The total diversity (estimated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms [AFLPs]) within L. cheesmanii (H(T) = 0.051) is almost as high as that for the mainland wild species L. pimpinellifolium (H(T) = 0.072). Lycopersicon esculentum 'Gal cer,' on the other hand, has a much lower diversity (H(T) = 0.014). Comparison of AFLP fragments shared by L. esculentum 'Gal cer' with other species showed that it is closely related to weedy tomato L. esculentum var. cerasiforme and, therefore, likely of recent origin. Genetic differentiation among the three native L. cheesmanii forms is low (G(ST) = 0.235), indicating that they share a common genetic background. Nonetheless, L. cheesmanii 'short' is about twice as diverse as L. cheesmanii 'long' or L. cheesmanii f. minor. UPGMA cluster and principal components analysis distinguish four groups within Eulycopersicon: L. pimpinellifolium, cultivated L. esculentum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme including L. esculentum 'Gal cer,' and L. cheesmanii. The geographic distance and genetic distance in the wild forms of Galápagos tomatoes were not correlated. Apart from the pressure of humans, some native L. cheesmanii populations, especially L. cheesmanii 'long,' might be displaced by invasive L. esculentum 'Gal cer' because they share a similar habitat. We did not find evidence of intercrossing of L. cheesmanii with introduced L. esculentum, but occasional hybridization that contributes to loss of genetic integrity of L. cheesmanii cannot be ruled out. Establishment of reserves of L. cheesmanii to protect this species from introduced herbivorous animals and from hybridization with L. esculentum 'Gal cer' would help to conserve L. cheesmanii. Furthermore, accessions collected by C. M. Rick and others in the 1950s-1970s and now stored in germplasm banks could be used to reinstate some extinct populations.
Diastolic Blood Pressure Rises with the Exacerbation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Males (2017)

Apnea-hypopnea, hypoxemia, and arousal changed glycometabolism, fat metabolism, and BP profoundly in a particular pattern.
Efficient indium tin oxide/polycrystalline silicon solar cells (1979)

ITO/Si-N solar cells have been fabricated by a spraying process at 500 °C on polycrystalline silicon. Electroless nickel plating was used for the back Ohmic contact deposition. Electrical characteristics and spectra response of these heterojunctions are compared to those obtained on monocrystalline silicon. AM1 efficiency of ≃9% (based on active area) is achieved for polycrystalline material. Temperature dependence of open-circuit voltages and short-circuit currents are comparable to those reported for diffused Si junctions and Si-based MIS cells.
The sequential limited degradation of bovine myelin basic protein by bovine brain cathepsin D. (1979)

Bovine myelin basic protein (BP) microheteroge- neous components were isolated and exposed to ho- mogeneous bovine brain cathepsin D purified by affin- ity chromatography on immobilized pepstatin. The ex- tent of the reaction was followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8, and the reaction products were separated by column chromatography on car- boxymethyl-cellulose and Sephadex following which the BP peptides were characterized by amino acid anal- ysis and partial sequence analysis. Components one and three were degraded with the initial site of cleav- age at the Phe-Phe bond at residues 42 and 43 to gen- erate peptides l-42 and 43-169. With more prolonged exposure to enzyme, peptide l-42 was degraded to form peptide l-36 and peptide 43-169 was degraded to form peptides 43-88, 89-169, and 92-169 as well as smaller amounts of peptides 43-89 and 43-91. Pepstatin in- hibited the initial cleavage of BP by cathepsin D. Mi- croheterogeneous components two, four, and five showed similar patterns of fragmentation to yield bands with the migration of peptides l-36, 43-88, and 89-169 or 92-169. Peptides 43-169, 89-169, and 92-169 had a decreasing cathodal migration progressing from components one to five. These findings demonstrate the sequential but limited cleavage of BP by brain cathepsin D. The effects of the enzyme on the micro- heterogeneous components of the molecule in forming fragments of different charge characteristics suggest that the processes regulating microheterogeneity may influence the outcome of degradation of BP by brain cathepsin D and possibly other proteinases. Myelin encephalitogenic or basic protein, which accounts for approximately 30% of myelin proteins in the central nerv- ous system (CNS) (l), has a monomeric molecular weight of 18,500 and consists of 169 amino acid residues (2,3). The total amino acid sequence has been determined for human (4) and bovine (2, 3) BP’, 2 and the small BP of the rat (5), and the