gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 antagonizes morphine analgesia and underlies morphine tolerance (2005)

Pain sensitivity reflects a balance between pain facilitatory and inhibitory systems. To characterize the relationships between these systems we examined the interactions between the analgesic effects of morphine and the anti-analgesic effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1). We report that administration of a neutral dose of IL-1beta abolished morphine analgesia in mice, whereas acute or chronic blockade of IL-1 signaling by various IL-1 blockers (IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, or IL-1 tri-peptide antagonist) significantly prolonged and potentiated morphine analgesia. Morphine-induced analgesia was also extended in strains of mice genetically impaired in IL-1 signaling (mice with transgenic over-expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist, deletion of the IL-1 receptor type I, or deletion of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein). The finding that IL-1 produces a marked anti-analgesic effect, suggests that it may also be involved in the development of opiate tolerance. Indeed, genetic or pharmacological blockade of IL-1 signaling prevented the development of tolerance following repeated morphine administration. Moreover, acute administration of IL-1ra in wild type mice, either immediately following the cessation of acute morphine analgesia, or following the development of chronic morphine tolerance, re-instated the analgesia, suggesting that blockade of the IL-1 system unmasks the analgesic effect of morphine. These findings suggest that morphine produces an IL-1-mediated homeostatic response, which serves to limit the duration and extent of morphine analgesia and which underlies the development of tolerance.
Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina (2010)

During the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m²) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies.
Instruments for use in electrode process research (1978)

The review covers the elementary aspects of construction and use of instruments for electrode process research, dealing with both electrochemical and biological applications where these methodologies overlap. There is a guide to desirable specifications in commercial instrumentation and a list of manufacturers of equipment.
Visualizing code profiling line oriented statistics (1992)

Code tuning is a well-known technique for improving the run-time performance of software. There are several widely used profilers available that show the heavily used functions. Other profilers provide fine grain profiling detail such as basic block counts. The difficulty in using fine grain profilers is coping with the large volumes of data that they generate.We describe a visualization technique that enables us to display and analyze line count profile data. Our technique is to make a reduced picture of code with the line execution counts identified with the color. We show hot spots in red, warm spots in orange, and so on. We are also able to identify nonexecuted code and nonexecutable code such as declarations and static tables.
The Araceae of Indomalaya I: Piptospatha N.E.Br. (2012)

A review of the genus Piptospatha\nN.E.Br. is presented with new generic\nboundaries implemented since the last full\nrevision. 10 species are recognized, two of\nthem (P. marginata (Engl.) N.E.Br. & P.\nrepens H.Okada & Tsukaya) recognized\nonly recently as distinct species. Two\nspecies (P. angustifolia Engl. ex Alderw.\nand P. remiformis Ridl.) are treated as\ninadequately known. A key to accepted\nspecies is given, and all species are\nillustrated, the majority from living plants
Gas-Phase Ionization Energetics, Electron-Transfer Kinetics, and Ion Solvation Thermochemistry of Decamethylmetallocenes, Chromocene, and Cobaltocene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-Phase Ionization Energetics, Electron-Transfer Kinetics, and Ion Solvation Thermochemistry of Decamethylmetallocenes, Chromocene, and CobaltoceneMatthew F. Ryan, David E. Richardson, Dennis L. Lichtenberger, and Nadine E. GruhnCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 4, 1190–1199Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00016a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00016a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional Genomic Analysis Supports Conservation of Function Among Cellulose Synthase-Like A Gene Family Members and Suggests Diverse Roles of Mannans in Plants (2007)

Mannan polysaccharides are widespread among plants, where they serve as structural elements in cell walls, as carbohydrate reserves, and potentially perform other important functions. Previous work has demonstrated that members of the cellulose synthase-like A (CslA) family of glycosyltransferases from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus), and Populus trichocarpa catalyze beta-1,4-mannan and glucomannan synthase reactions in vitro. Mannan polysaccharides and homologs of CslA genes appear to be present in all lineages of land plants analyzed to date. In many plants, the CslA genes are members of extended multigene families; however, it is not known whether all CslA proteins are glucomannan synthases. CslA proteins from diverse land plant species, including representatives of the mono- and dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms, and bryophytes, were produced in insect cells, and each CslA protein catalyzed mannan and glucomannan synthase reactions in vitro. Microarray mining and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that transcripts of Arabidopsis and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) CslA genes display tissue-specific expression patterns in vegetative and floral tissues. Glycan microarray analysis of Arabidopsis indicated that mannans are present throughout the plant and are especially abundant in flowers, siliques, and stems. Mannans are also present in chloronemal and caulonemal filaments of Physcomitrella patens, where they are prevalent at cell junctions and in buds. Taken together, these results demonstrate that members of the CslA gene family from diverse plant species encode glucomannan synthases and support the hypothesis that mannans function in metabolic networks devoted to other cellular processes in addition to cell wall structure and carbohydrate storage.
A 13C N.M.R. study of some disaccharides from algal polysaccharides (1982)

The acid hydrolysis of agar, a partially methylated agar, and K-carrageenan initially gives the disaccharide resulting from cleavage of the link between the anhydrogalactose and the galactose units. A new method for isolating these disaccharides on a preparative scale is described, and their 13C n.m.r. spectra are listed and assigned.
High-frequency chest compression system to aid in clearance of mucus from the lung. (1990)

The authors developed a high-frequency chest compression (HFCC) device to aid in mucous clearance for patients with obstructive lung disease. The device, designed for self-therapy, consists of a large-volume variable-frequency air-pulse delivery system and a nonstretchable inflatable vest worn by the patient. Pressure pulses are controlled by the patient and applied during expiration. Pulse frequency is tunable from 5 to 25 Hz. Maximum vest pressure is 39 mmHg (5.2 kPa), with patient-controlled vest inflation and deflation time constants of 0.5 s. Vest pressure increases from 28 mmHg (3.7 kPa) at 5 Hz to 39 mmHg (5.2 kPa) at 25 Hz. Preliminary clinical trials have shown the HFCC device to be more effective than standard chest physical therapy. The HFCC device yielded a mean volume of cleared mucus of 3.3 cc per session, compared with 1.8 cc for a conventional therapy session.
Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point (CFP) approach: Part 1 — Explanation of the theory (2005)

Abstract Removal of surface and internal multiples can be formulated by removing the influence of downward-scattering boundaries and downward-scattering layers. The involved algorithms can be applied in a model-driven or a data-driven way. A unified description is proposed that relates both types of algorithms based on wave theory. The algorithm for the removal of surface multiples shows that muted shot records play the role of multichannel prediction filters. The algorithm for the removal of internal multiples shows that muted CFP gathers play the role of multichannel prediction filters. The internal multiple removal algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples. The conclusion is that the layer-related version of the algorithm has significant practical advantages.
A New Technique for the Elimination of Fluorescence Interference in Raman Spectroscopy (1986)

A new instrument for Raman spectroscopy has been constructed with the use of a cw or mode-locked argon-ion laser as the excitation source and a microwave spectrum analyzer for discrimination between fluorescence and Raman scatter. To demonstrate the new instrument's capability, the weak Raman scatter of water was resolved from the intense fluorescence from rhodamine 6G. Theoretically predicted relative errors in the new procedure are calculated and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with theory.
Transgenic Inhibitors Identify Two Roles for Protein Kinase A in Drosophila Development (1999)

We have initiated an analysis of protein kinase A (PKA) in Drosophila using transgenic techniques to modulate PKA activity in specific tissues during development. We have constructed GAL4/UAS-regulated transgenes in active and mutant forms that encode PKAc, the catalytic subunit of PKA, and PKI(1-31), a competitive inhibitor of PKAc. We present evidence that the wild-type transgenes are active and summarize the phenotypes produced by a number of GAL4 enhancer-detector strains. We compare the effects of transgenes encoding PKI(1-31) with those encoding PKAr*, a mutant regulatory subunit that constitutively inhibits PKAc because of its inability to bind cyclic AMP. Both inhibitors block larval growth, but only PKAr* alters pattern formation by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Therefore, transgenic PKI(1-31) should provide a tool to investigate the role of PKAc in larval growth regulation without concomitant changes in pattern formation. The different effects of PKI(1-31) and PKAr* suggest two distinct roles, cytoplasmic and nuclear, for PKAc in Hedgehog signal transduction. Alternatively, PKAr* may target proteins other than PKAc, suggesting a role for free PKAr in signal transduction, a role inhibited by PKAc in reversal of the classical relationship of these subunits.
Reducing Attack Surface via Executable Transformation (2018)

Modern software development and deployment practices encourage complexity and bloat while unintentionally sacrificing efficiency and security. A major driver in this is the overwhelming emphasis on programmers' productivity. The constant demands to speed up development while reducing costs have forced a series of individual decisions and approaches throughout software engineering history that have led to this point. The current state-of-the-practice in the field is a patchwork of architectures and frameworks, packed full of features in order to appeal to: the greatest number of people, obscure use cases, maximal code reuse, and minimal developer effort. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) Total Platform Cyber Protection (TPCP) program seeks to de-bloat software binaries late in the life-cycle with little or no access to the source code or the development process.
Pancreatic Cancer Cell Radiation Survival and Prenyltransferase Inhibition: The Role of K-Ras (2005)

Activating K-ras mutations are found in approximately 90% of pancreatic carcinomas and may contribute to the poor prognosis of these tumors. Because radiotherapy is frequently used in pancreatic cancer treatment, we assessed the contribution of oncogenic K-ras signaling to pancreatic cancer radiosensitivity. Seven human pancreatic carcinoma lines with activated K-ras and two cell lines with wild-type ras were used to examine clonogenic cell survival after Ras inhibition. Ras inhibition was accomplished by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of K-ras expression and by blocking Ras processing using a panel of prenyltransferase inhibitors of differing specificity for the two prenyltransferases that modify K-Ras. K-ras knockdown by siRNA or inhibition of prenyltransferase activity resulted in radiation sensitization in vitro and in vivo in tumors with oncogenic K-ras mutations. Inhibition of farnesyltransferase alone was sufficient to radiosensitize most K-ras mutant tumors, although K-Ras prenylation was not blocked. These results show that inhibition of activated K-Ras can promote radiation killing of pancreatic carcinoma in a superadditive manner. The finding that farnesyltransferase inhibition alone radiosensitizes tumors with K-ras mutations implies that a farnesyltransferase inhibitor-sensitive protein other than K-Ras may contribute to survival in the context of mutant K-ras. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors could therefore be of use as sensitizers for pancreatic carcinoma radiotherapy.
Raman spectra of silicon carbide small particles and nanowires (2005)

Two manufacturing protocols of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires are discussed. The Raman spectra of produced SiC nanowires are compared with spectra of SiC powders of various grain sizes. The temperature and pressure dependence of the Raman spectra for powders is similar to that of bulk crystals, but is different for nanowires. Frequency shifts, band broadenings and the presence of shoulders are discussed in terms of crystal size, character of defects and their population. The concentration of defects in synthesized nanowires depends on the sintering method. Raman intensity enhancement of the LO phonon was observed when the wavelength of the excitation laser was changed from 780 to 514 nm.
Isolation of prostate tumor initiating cells (TICs) through their dielectrophoretic signature (2011)

In this study, the dielectrophoretic response of prostate tumor initiating cells (TICs) was investigated in a microfluidic system utilizing contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP). The dielectrophoretic response of prostate TICs was observed to be distinctively different than that for non-TICs, enabling them to be sorted using cDEP. Culturing the sorted TICs generated spheroids, indicating that they were indeed initiating cells. This study presents the first marker-free TIC separation from non-TICs utilizing their electrical fingerprints through dielectrophoresis.
Hegel's Conception of the Study of Human Nature (1970)

It is easy to understand why Hegel's philosophy should be little studied by English-speaking philosophers today. Those who at the beginning of the twentieth century initiated the movement we are now caught up in presented their earliest philosophical arguments as criticisms of the prevailing Anglo-Hegelian views. It may now be thought illiberal to take much interest in this perhaps excusably slaughtered royal family, and positively reactionary to hanker after the foreign dynasty from which it sometimes claimed descent. Hegel was a systematic philosopher with a scope hardly to be found today, and men who, as we say, wish to keep up with their subject may well be daunted at the idea of having to understand a way of looking at philosophy which they suspect would not repay them for their trouble anyway. Furthermore, since Hegel wrote, formal logic has advanced in ways he could not have foreseen, and has, it seems to many, destroyed the whole basis of his dialectical method. At the same time, the creation of a science of sociology, it is supposed, has rendered obsolete the philosophy of history for which Hegel was at one time admired. In countries where there are Marxist intellectuals, Hegel does get discussed as the inadvertent forerunner of historical and dialectical materialism. But in England, where there is no such need or presence, there do not seem to be any very strong ideological reasons for discussing him. In what follows I shall be asking you to direct your thoughts to certain forgotten far-off things which I hope you will find historically interesting even if you do not agree with me that they give important clues for an understanding of human nature and human society.
Volume rendering in medical ultrasound imaging based on nonlinear filtering (2005)

This paper explores the application of nonlinear filtering techniques in volume rendering of medical ultrasound data. Volume rendering methods based on an initial probabilistic classification have been used with success on Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance data, but have shown to fail in ultrasonic studies. Several considerations have to be made in ultrasound imaging, because of a substantial noise content and other limitations in the imaging system. A major concern is to render the boundaries between different tissues. Boundaries can be detected by computing local gradients in the volume, but these computations will generally be very noise sensitive. Noise can be reduced by applying linear filtering schemes such as the moving average filter, but this will blur the boundaries. We have investigated how nonlinear filtering schemes could increase the robustness of the gradient estimates. Recently, several researchers have proposed nonlinear filters, which, although they have different motivation, can be modeled as an anisotropic diffusion process. The filters are based on adaptive weighting of pixels in a minimal filter window, and they are shown to smooth within homogeneous regions, while enhancing boundaries. By iterating these filters, the signals will be segmented into piecewise constant regions. These filtering schemes tend to produce artificially sharp boundaries. In this paper we discuss how the edge enhancement property of the proposed nonlinear filters can be avoided. We propose a modified nonlinear filtering scheme which smoothes within homogeneous regions while leaving significant monotone transitions unaltered. The proposed filtering schemes are compared with alternative filtering models. Finally, we integrate the filtered data volumes in a volume rendering pipeline and illustrate examples from clinical studies with 3-dimensional ultrasound.
Cross-channel mobile social software (2008)

In this paper, we introduce a prototype system designed to support mobile group socializing that has been appropriated for everyday use by 150 users over 18 months. The system supports cross-channel communication, allowing users to participate in group conversations using text messaging, instant messaging, email and the web. It does this with the "console," a uniform text-based syntax that enables the prototype to be used over a variety of mediums.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and protection against pneumonia in patients with diabetes (2006)

The use of ACE inhibitors is associated with a significant reduction in pneumonia risk and, apart from blood pressure-lowering properties, may be useful in the prevention of pneumonia in patients with diabetes.
3D object tracking with a high-resolution GPU based real-time stereo (2012)

Stereo correspondence algorithms, which are fast enough for real-time use, require hardware assistance and inevitably trade some matching accuracy for speed. A cloud of 3D points thus produced by our previously reported GPU accelerated implementation of a dynamic programming correspondence algorithm is noisy and contains artifacts, which hinder tracking accuracy. We have augmented this implementation with modules for re-projection and filtering. A fast clustering procedure based upon a set of simple volume rules identifies candidate objects. An opportunistic tagging system tracks objects through occlusions. Kalman filtering predicts positions in the next frame. These steps reduce the effects of dynamic programming streaks in the depth maps. Experiments with synthetic and real-world video sequences confirmed the accuracy in tracking multiple objects (e.g. humans) in various environments.
Efficient copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides with aqueous ammonia (2009)

The copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of a range of primary anilines from electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl halides including aryl chlorides has been achieved with aqueous ammonia, avoiding the need for inert atmosphere, expensive catalysts and ligands, anhydrous solvents, and additional base or other additives.
Skin aging estimation by facial simulation (2003)

We propose a layered facial simulation model for skin aging with wrinkles, which includes muscle, connective tissue and skin layer. Our aim is to simulate relevant facial animation and aging with the guidance of general facial tissue anatomy, so that the model can be extended to medical and cosmetic applications. B-spline muscle patches are automatically adapted to each individual face by mapping the anatomical facial muscle image. Connective tissues are simulated as simple springs with the length of hypodermis thickness that constrain skin movement. Facial skin deformation and aging are estimated based on an elaborated biomechanical model considering large strain deformation and wrinkle formation. Finally, multi-layered color and bump texture mapping are used to represent wrinkle forms and to render an aged face.