gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Assistive Robotic Device That Can Synchronize to the Pelvic Motion During Human Gait Training (2005)

We are developing a robotic device, PAM (pelvic assist manipulator), that assists the pelvic motion during human gait training on a treadmill. PAM allows naturalistic motion of pelvis actuated by six pneumatic cylinders, which, combined with a nonlinear force-tracking controller, provide backdrivability and large force output at a relatively low cost. PAM can act as a teach-and-replay device with a PD position controller driving the pelvis onto the reference trajectory specified with or without the help of therapists. During initial experiments with unimpaired subjects, we encountered a problem in which the subjects had difficulty synchronizing their movements with the gait pattern reproduced by PAM, even though that gait pattern had been sampled from the subjects themselves. We introduced footswitches to detect the gait timing and developed a feedback control algorithm that adjusts the play-back speed of the gait pattern in real-time. The feedback algorithm is presented, along with data that shows the effectiveness of the algorithm in synchronizing the robotic assistance during stepping by unimpaired subjects, even when the subjects change their step size and period.
[1+1] Asymmetric Compartmental Macrocycles Bearing a Pendant Arm and Related <i>s,f</i>‐Heterodinuclear Complexes Containing Lanthanide(<scp>III</scp>) and Sodium Ions (2005)

Abstract [1+1] Asymmetric compartmental macrocycles and/or related mononuclear, homodinuclear and sodium( I )‐lanthanide( III ) heterodinuclear complexes are reported and their properties investigated by SEM‐EDS microscopy and 1 H, 13 C and 23 Na NMR spectroscopy. These ligands bear a pendant arm, represented by a ‐CH 2 COOH (H 3 L A ), ‐CH 2 C 5 H 4 N (H 2 L B ) or‐CH 2 C 6 H 4 OH (H 3 L C ) group bonded to the aminic nitrogen, and contain an O 2 O 3 crown‐ether‐like chamber and an N 3 XO 2 (where X = O, N) Schiff‐base chamber. It was found that the lanthanide( III ) ion resides in the N 3 XO 2 chamber while the sodium( I ) ion fills the O 2 O 3 crown‐ether‐like chamber, as ascertained for the complex [DyNa(L C )(PrOH)(Cl)] by a single‐crystal X‐ray structural investigation. The complex is monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / c , with a = 9.601(2), b = 12.927(2), c = 26.638(4) Å, β = 99.55(3)°. The dysprosium ion is seven‐coordinate in the N 3 O 2 site, showing a pentagonal‐bipyramid‐coordination polyhedron and bonded, in the axial positions, to a chlorine ion and to the oxygen of the pendant phenolic group of the ligand. The sodium ion is six‐coordinate in the O 3 O 2 site and bonded to the propyl alcohol oxygen. Furthermore, the potential use of these complexes as molecular probes for the selective recognition of specific metal ions has been tested. In particular, their ability to act as shift reagents towards Na + was investigated by 23 Na NMR spectroscopy. The relationship between the structure of these complexes in the solid state and in solution is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Breaking It Down Is Better: Haptic Decomposition of Complex Movements Aids in Robot-Assisted Motor Learning (2012)

Training with haptic guidance has been proposed as a technique for learning complex movements in rehabilitation and sports, but it is unclear how to best deliver guidance-based training. Here, we hypothesized that breaking down a complex movement, similar to a tennis backhand, into simpler parts and then using haptic feedback from a robotic exoskeleton would help the motor system learn the movement. We also examined how the particular form of the decomposition affected learning. Three groups of unimpaired participants trained with the target arm movement broken down in three ways: 1) elbow flexion/extension and the unified shoulder motion independently ("anatomical" decomposition), 2) three component shoulder motions in Euler coordinates and elbow flexion/extension ("Euler" decomposition), or 3) the motion of the tip of the elbow and motion of the hand with respect to the elbow, independently ("visual" decomposition). A control group practiced the same number of movements, but experienced the target motion only, achieving eight times more direct practice with this motion. Despite less experience with the target motion, part training was better, but only when the arm trajectory was decomposed into anatomical components. Varying robotic movement training to include practice of simpler, anatomically-isolated motions may enhance its efficacy.
Necrotic death as a cell fate (2006)

Organismal homeostasis depends on an intricate balance between cell death and renewal. Early pathologists recognized that this balance could be disrupted by the extensive damage observed in internal organs during the course of certain diseases. This form of tissue damage was termed "necrosis", derived from the Greek "nekros" for corpse. As it became clear that the essential building block of tissue was the cell, necrosis came to be used to describe pathologic cell death. Until recently, necrotic cell death was believed to result from injuries that caused an irreversible bioenergetic compromise. The cell dying by necrosis has been viewed as a victim of extrinsic events beyond its control. However, recent evidence suggests that a cell can initiate its own demise by necrosis in a manner that initiates both inflammatory and/or reparative responses in the host. By initiating these adaptive responses, programmed cell necrosis may serve to maintain tissue and organismal integrity.
vCLAP, a Caspase-recruitment Domain-containing Protein of Equine Herpesvirus-2, Persistently Activates the IκB Kinases through Oligomerization of IKKγ (2001)

vCLAP, the E10 gene product of equine herpesvirus-2, is a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein that has been shown to induce both apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation in mammalian cells. vCLAP has a cellular counterpart, Bcl10/cCLAP, which is also an activator of apoptosis and NF-kappaB. Recent studies demonstrated that vCLAP activates NF-kappaB through an IkappaB kinase (IKK)-dependent pathway, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that vCLAP associates stably with the IKK complex through direct binding to the C-terminal region of IKKgamma. Consistent with this finding, IKKgamma was found to be essential for vCLAP-induced NF-kappaB activation, and the association between vCLAP and the IKK complex induced persistent activation of the IKKs. Moreover, enforced oligomerization of the isolated C-terminal region of vCLAP, which interacts with IKKgamma, can trigger NF-kappaB activation. Finally, substitution of the C-terminal region of IKKgamma, which interacts with vCLAP, with the CARD of vCLAP or Bcl10 produced a molecule that was able to activate NF-kappaB when ectopically expressed in IKKgamma-deficient cells. These data suggest that vCLAP-induced oligomerization of IKKgamma, which is mediated by the CARD of vCLAP, could be the mechanism by which vCLAP induces activation of NF-kappaB.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies for Hydantoins and Analogues as Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Ligands (2004)

We previously developed a preliminary 3-D QSAR model for the binding of 14 hydantoins to the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel; this model was successful in designing an effective non-hydantoin ligand. To further understand structural features that result in optimum binding, here we synthesized a variety of compound classes and evaluated their binding affinities to the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel using the [3H]-batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-benzoate ([3H]BTX-B) binding assay. In order to understand the importance of the hydantoin ring for good sodium channel binding, related non-hydantoins such as hydroxy amides, oxazolidinediones, hydroxy acids, and amino acids were included. Two major conclusions were drawn: (1) The hydantoin ring is not critical for compounds with long alkyl side chains, but it is important for compounds with shorter side chains. (2) Relative to Khodorov's pharmacophore, which contains two hydrophobic regions, a third hydrophobic region may enhance binding to provide nanomolar inhibitors.
Breakdown Points of Affine Equivariant Estimators of Multivariate Location and Covariance Matrices (1991)

Finite-sample replacement breakdown points are derived for different types of estimators of multivariate location and covariance matrices. The role of various equivariance properties is illustrated. The breakdown point is related to a measure of performance based on large deviations probabilities. Finally, we show that one-step reweighting preserves the breakdown point.
Synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor by L and 3T3 Cells in Culture (1974)

Mouse submaxillary gland nerve growth factor (NGF) has been covalently joined to bacteriophage and the resulting phage conjugates remain biologically active in stimulating neurite extension from sensory ganglia. A sensitive bacteriophage immunoassay has been developed to measure concentrations of NGF as low as 1 ng/ml. With this method, we find that mouse L and 3T3 cells in culture produce a biologically active nerve growth factor that is immunologically similar if not identical to mouse submaxillary gland NGF. Since L cells are known to be a source of "conditioned medium" for tissue culture, it could be that one or more of the conditioning factor activities secreted by these cells are due to NGF itself.
Comprehensive profiling support in the java TM virtual machine (1999)

Existing profilers for Java applications typically rely on custom instrumentation in the Java virtual machine, and measure only limited types of resource consumption. Garbage collection and multi-threading pose additional challenges to profiler design and implementation.

In this paper we discuss a general-purpose, portable, and extensible approach for obtaining comprehensive profiling information from the Java virtual machine. Profilers based on this framework can uncover CPU usage hot spots, heavy memory allocation sites, unnecessary object retention, contended monitors, and thread deadlocks. In addition, we discuss a novel algorithm for thread-aware statistical CPU time profiling, a heap profiling technique independent of the garbage collection implementation, and support for interactive profiling with minimum overhead.
Characterization and Optimization of Sub-32-nm FinFET Devices for ESD Applications (2008)

Electrostatic discharge performance of advanced FinFETs shows a delicate sensitivity to device layout and to processing parameters. Both N- and P-type MOS FinFET devices are characterized in bipolar operation mode as a function of layout parameters such as gate length and fin width. The impact of well implants, selective epitaxial growth, and strain is studied.
Tailoring Mesoporous γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Properties by Transition Metal Doping: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study (2017)

Well crystallized gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) with high thermal stability is as an important catalyst support. A series of first row transition metal (TM) doped aluminas with ordered mesoporous structures and homogeneous distribution of TM in the bulk structure has been synthesized by a one-pot method. The structures are studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the electronic properties are explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), valence band XPS, and UV–vis spectra. To explore the influence of TM dopants on atomistic properties (bond length, charge state, band edge, and redox properties) of γ-Al2O3, the cation distribution of TM dopants is studied in detail by combining experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The cooperative effect of TM dopants and intrinsic defects in γ-Al2O3 induces a doping mechanism distinct from that in other spinel oxides; the concentration of Al vacancies (VAl) decreases with increasing atomic number of the TM dopant as a result of charge compensation effects. Such variation could be used to tailor the properties and alter the reactivity of γ-Al2O3.
Relative Humidity and Temperature Effects on Tensile Strength of Edible Protein and Cellulose Ether Films (1993)

The effect of relative humidity and temperature on tensile strength of two types of protein-based [corn zein (CZ) and wheat gluten (WG)] and two types of cellulosic [methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)] hydrophilic edible films was investigated. A central composite response surface design was used. Studied ranges of relative humidity and temperature were 23 to 75% and 5 to 45 C, respectively. For all four types of films, tensile strength (TS) decreased with relative humidity and increased with temperature. Ranges of mean tensile strength values among the nine different combinations of the two variables were 5.7 to 23.6 MPa, 2.7 to 21.4 MPa, 61.9 to 104.4 MPa, and 11.1 to 35.0 MPa for CZ, WG, MC, and HPC, respectively. A second-order polynomial model was fitted to the data with least squares regression. A regression model linear in relative humidity and quadratic in temperature showed a very good fit to tensile strength data of CZ (R2 = 0.93) and MC (R2 = 0.98) films. A regression equation linear with respect to both relative humidity and temperature satisfactorily fitted (R2 = 0.75) TS data of HPC films. A best fitted model for TS data of WG films, that included relative humidity and temperature, the square of temperature, and the cross-product of the two variables, had a poor fit (R2 = 0.67).
A comparative study of thin coatings of Au/Pd, Pt and Cr produced by magnetron sputtering for FE‐SEM (1998)

Visualization of structural details of specimens in field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) requires optimal conductivity. This paper reports on the differences in conductive layers of Au/Pd, Pt and Cr, with a thickness of 1.5–3.0 nm, deposited by planar magnetron sputtering devices. The coating units were used under standard conditions for source–substrate distance, current, HT and argon pressure. Carbon films, deposited by high-vacuum evaporation on small, freshly cleaved pieces of mica, were used as substrate and mounted on copper grids for TEM and SEM inspection. Au/Pd, Pt and, to a lesser extent, Cr coatings varied in particle density, size and shape. Au/Pd coatings have a slightly more granular appearance than Cr and Pt coatings, but this is strongly dependent on the type of sputtering device employed. In FE-SEM images there is almost no difference in contrast and particle size between the Au/Pd layer and the Pt layers of a similar thickness. The nuclei of Au/Pd are rather small with almost no growth to the sides or in height, making Au/Pd coatings a good alternative to chromium and platinum for FE-SEM of biological tissues because of its higher yield of secondary electrons.
Caspase-7: a critical mediator of optic nerve injury-induced retinal ganglion cell death (2015)

Altogether, our findings indicate that caspase-7 plays a critical role in ON injury-induced RGC death, and inhibition of caspase-7 activity may be a novel therapeutic strategy for glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases of the retina.
ENTREGO EL PRESIDENTE LOS PREMIOS DE INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA (1965)

EN CEREMONIA EFECTUADA EN EL AUDITORIO DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA, EL PRESIDENTE DE LA REPUBLICA GUSTAVO DIAZ ORDAZ, ENTREGO RECONOCIMIENTOS DE LA ACADEMIA DE LA INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA EN LOS CAMPOS DE FISICA Y BIOQUIMICA A LOS DOCTORES LEOPOLDO GARCIA COLIN Y GUILLERMO SOBERON, RESPECTIVAMENTE. PRESIDIERON LA CEREMONIA EL SECRETARIO DE EDUCACION PUBLICA, LICENCIADO AGUSTIN YANEZ, EL RECTOR IGNACIO CHAVEZ, RECTOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD, EL DOCTOR GUILLERMO MASSIEU, DIRECTOR DEL INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL, ROBERTO L. MANTILLA, SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD, EL INGENIERO EUGENIO MENDEZ DOCURRO , SUBSECRETARIO DE COMINICACIONES Y LOS DOCTORES SALVADOR SUBIRAN Y MARCOS MOSHINSKY. EMILIO ROSENBLUETH DIO A CONOCER ALGUNOS DE LOS PROYECTOS QUE REALIZARA LA ACADEMIA EN BREVE. EL PRESIDENTE DIJO QUE LOS INVESTIGADORES UNIVERSITARIOS ESTAN CONSCIENTES DE LA TRASCENDENTAL MISION QUE LES TOCA CUMPLIR ANTE EL PUEBLO DE MEXICO.
Differences in the nuclear matrix phosphoproteins of a wild-type and nitrogen mustard-resistant rat breast carcinoma cell line. (1986)

Using polyclonal antibodies raised against a rat liver nuclear envelope protein, lamin protein A, the nuclear matrix proteins of a Walker 256 rat mammary carcinoma wild-type (WS) and a selected cell line with acquired resistance to nitrogen mustards (WR) were found to possess antigenic determinants which were recognized by the antibodies. In one-dimensional immunoblotting analysis, the nuclear matrix protein fractions of both cell lines revealed a common band at Mr 75,000; however only the WS nuclear matrix protein fraction contained a broad band at approximately Mr 70,000. Two-dimensional gel blotting studies of these proteins showed that this Mr 70,000 WS protein had a pI of approximately 7.5. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the altered mobility of this protein could be a function of phosphorylation. The nuclear matrix proteins from both WS and WR cells were shown to bind 3':5'-cyclic adenylic acid (cAMP), as judged by photoaffinity labeling and gel electrophoresis studies. The WS nuclear matrix proteins showed a quantitatively greater level of cAMP binding compared to WR, with predominant binding to proteins with molecular weights of 45,000, 55,000, and 70,000. In WR cells, there was no cAMP binding in the Mr 70,000 region. These data indicate that the Mr 70,000 nuclear matrix lamin proteins are antigenically similar in WS and WR but differ in that the WR protein is hypophosphorylated and does not bind cAMP.
Secured fast link-layer handover protocols for 3G-WLAN interworking architecture (2007)

Interworking 3rd generation (3G) mobile systems and IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) introduces new challenges including the design of secured fast handover protocols. Handover operations must not compromise the security of the network. In addition, handovers must be instantaneous to sustain the quality of service (QoS) of the applications running on the WLAN-User Equipment (WLAN-UE). Existing handover protocols are not suitable for 3G-WLAN interworking because they are limited to Intra Extended Service Set (ESS) roaming and lack the support of mutual authentication between the WLAN-UE and the authentication server. This paper proposes novel secured fast handover protocols for 3G-WLAN interworking architectures, which overcome the limitations of existing handover protocols. The functionality of Extensible Authentication Protocol with Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA) is extended to support Intra and Inter ESS secured handover messaging. Modifications to the standard EAP-AKA authentication and the standard EAP-AKA key hierarchy are proposed to achieve the security goals of the proposed protocols. The proposed protocols are more suitable for 3G-WLAN interworking handovers than existing handover protocols because they support Inter ESS handover, achieve mutual authentication service and adopts an efficient key management scheme.
[Surgical treatment of drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis]. (2010)

The therapeutic effect of individuall operative options is good in treating drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis after antituberculous chemotherapy based on conventional and genotypic drug susceptibility testing.
Optimum halo structure for sub-0.1 μm CMOSFETs (2001)

Optimized halo structures for sub-0.1 /spl mu/m CMOSFETs are evaluated. Halo profiling using indium implantation for nMOSFETs is investigated over a wide range of implantation dosages and energies. Performance degradation due to interstitial Si resulting from In-halo implantation can be reduced using thermal annealing at medium temperatures for longer periods of time. Lower-temperature composite liner-oxide/SiN-spacer technology is proposed for pMOSFETs to suppress device performance degradation. Optimized halo structures using indium for nMOSFETs and arsenic for pMOSFETs to obtain high-performance sub-0.1 /spl mu/m CMOSFETs are proposed.
Impaired oxidative stress resistance of<i>Bacillus subtilis sigB</i>mutants and the role of<i>katA</i>and<i>katE</i> (1996)

Two catalases of B. subtilis have been studied which are subject to two different regulatory mechanisms. Whereas KatA belongs to the group of proteins specifically induced by oxidative stress, KatE is a general delta B-dependent stress protein, not induced by oxidative stress. There are two mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance, the adaptive resistance induced by low H2O2 concentrations and an unspecific resistance acquired in glucose-starved cells. Mutants lacking KatA are defective in the adaptive resistance and both exponentially growing and glucose-starved cells are 100-fold more sensitive against lethal concentrations of H2O2. Under both conditions, however, a katE mutant was just as resistant as the wild type. Therefore, the role of KatE in oxidative stress tolerance remains obscure. sigB mutants which are no longer able to induce delta B-dependent general stress proteins in glucose-starved cells are characterized by a strong impairment in the unspecific oxidative stress resistance but not in the H2O2-induced oxidative stress resistance. This is the first evidence that sigB mutants have an obvious phenotype compared to the wild type and indicates that delta B-dependent general stress proteins may function in providing starving cells with resistance against oxidative stress.
Comparisons of CMOS PLA and Polycell Representations of Control Logic (1986)

A comparison of the area and speed characteristics of CMOS PLA and Polycell representations of various control logic blocks was carried out. Both types of layout were generated automatically, and were derived from the same high level logic description. The major objectives were to quantify the differences between the two types of circuit and to predict Polycell speed and circuit area from the PLA truth table. Both objectives were achieved. Polycell layout was shown to be a viable alternative to PLAs under certain circumstances.
Probing Semiconductors with Femtosecond Pulses (1990)

In semiconductor microelectronics, small distances and high speeds are closely related. Transistors with base lengths of only a few tens of nanometers have electron transit times that can be less than 1 picosecond. Indeed, this very fact has motivated much of the intense interest in very-small-scale electronic devices: To make something faster, one generally must make it smaller.
Social representations of gender and young children's play: A replication (1988)

Forty target children aged 3 to 4 years were observed playing with gender stereotyped toys with both a boy and a girl partner in a replication and extension of an earlier study of toy choice in action and pretend play (Lloyd & Smith, 1985). The findings which were replicated were: (1) in action play girls used girls' toys more and boys used boys' toys more, (2) in pretend play girls used girls' toys more but no differentiation occurred in the use of boys' toys. The absence of pair‐type effects which were found in the earlier study raises questions about socio‐psychological aspects of the replication design.