gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Photosensitive Characteristics of a-IGZO TFTs Related to Oxygen Vacancy (2011)

The electrical and photosensitive characteristics of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) related to the oxygen vacancies V̈ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> are discussed. With the filling of V̈ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> of ratio from 14 to 8, the electron density of the a-IGZO channel decreases from 7.5 to 3.8 ( ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ); the saturation mobility of the TFT decreases from 3.1 to 1.4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> /(V · s); the threshold voltage increases from 7 to 11 V for the TFT with a lower on-current; and the subthreshold slope increases from 2.4 to 4.4 V/dec for the TFT with a higher interface defect density of 4.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , the worst electrical stability of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ~ 10 V, and a hysteresis-voltage decrease from 3.5 to 2 V. The photoreaction properties of a-IGZO TFTs are also sensitive to the oxygen-content-related absorption of the a-IGZO channel. With the lowest content of oxygen in the channel, the TFT has the largest photocurrent gain of 50 μA (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 30 V; V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 10 V) and decrease in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ( V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> V) at a high light intensity. The light-induced change of TFT characteristics is totally reversible with the time constant for recovery of about 2.5 h.
A case of wheezing associated with pharyngolaryngitis in a Japanese Black calf (2009)

14日齢から25日齢まで喘鳴症にて抗生物質と副腎皮質ホルモン剤により治療された31日齢の黒毛和種の雌子牛が､再発により北里大学獣医学部付属動物病院に入院した｡入院時､吸気時の喘鳴音､努力性呼吸､食欲不振および運動不耐性がみられた｡内視鏡検査により咽喉頭粘膜の充血､左右被裂軟骨の麻痺および右側被裂軟骨の腫脹と内側への変位が認められ､咽喉頭炎と診断した｡治療に用いた抗生物質と1日投与量(投与病日：d) は､セファゾリン1g (1-2d)､エンロフロキサシン200mg (3-22d)､リンコマイシン400mg (3-27d)､タイロシン800mg (32-44d)､オキシテトラサイクリン400mg (46-54d)であった｡抗炎症剤としてプレドニゾロン20mg(1-5d), 10mg(6-11d), 5mg(12-15d)の筋肉注射､フルニキシン140mg (16-22d)の静脈内投与を実施し､カナマイシン250mgまたはゲンタマイシン50mgと気管支拡張剤の噴霧吸入(1-10d､14-22d)およびポビドンヨードの咽喉頭部塗布(32-54d) を行った｡第6病日に喘鳴音の軽減と食欲が回復し､第16病日には採食時以外に喘鳴音が消失し､第54病日に喘鳴音は消失し治癒した｡以上より､咽喉頭炎による喘鳴症に対する抗生物質と抗炎症薬の長期投与の有効性が示された｡
Research on Flame Simulation Based on Improved Particle System and the Texture Mapping (2010)

Flame simulation in computer graphics has been the most challenging problems. According to the key problem of real time and reality in flame simulation based on particle system, a new flame model based on improved particle system and the texture mapping is proposed in this paper. This article uses specific geometric shape as the elementary particles and combines treatment of derivatives based on the flame of the original particle system to simplify some of the dynamic equation, to reduce the difficulty of computational modeling and improve rendering speed; Through texture mapping and particle mixing effects to achieve flame changes color in different regions and reflect the temperature difference between them; In addition, the method also reflects the dynamic field of the particle system.
Butylation of Phenylacetonitrile in an Oscillatory Baffled Reactor (2005)

In this paper, we report our investigation of a liquid−liquid phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) of the butylation of phenylacetonitrile in a novel oscillatory baffled reactor. We evaluated the reaction kinetics by looking at the order of the reaction and examined the effect of operating conditions as well as the PTC catalysts on the conversion. The results demonstrated that the conversion is highly dependent upon the operating conditions for all the different PTC catalysts used. Such a dependence provides an effective means of increasing the productivity of the butylation of phenylacetonitrile without involving the design and testing of new catalysts.
A new content-based hybrid video transcoding method (2002)

Many video transcoding architectures have been proposed to reduce the bitrates of compressed video bitstreams. Requantization of transformed coefficients (such as DCT coefficients), spatial resolution down-sampling, and temporal resolution down-sampling are the three transcoding tools which are commonly used to reduce compressed video bitrates. We propose a new video transcoding method that combines the use of different transcoding tools to transcode compressed video bit streams to various target bitrates while maintaining good subjective/objective video quality. The transcoding tools are selected based on the video content, which is characterized by two video content descriptors inferring the video spatial and motion activities, respectively. These two content descriptors can be readily computed from the compressed video bit streams without full decompression. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide better video quality than other existing transcoders that make use of a single transcoding tool.
Thermal expansion of some diamondlike crystals (1975)

The thermal expansion of AlN, cubic BN, and BP has been measured from 77 to 1300 K by x−ray techniques. The derived thermal expansion coefficients are compared with those of diamond, Si, Ge, SiC, GaP, and BeO using the Debye temperature as a scaling parameter. It is apparent that the thermal expansion of Si is the smallest, SiC is intermediate, and all of the others are larger. The thermal expansion of Mo and W is also reviewed in order to determine how well these metals match the thermal expansion of the adamantine or diamondlike crystals.
Vγ1+ T Cells Suppress and Vγ4+ T Cells Promote Susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis in Mice (2000)

Coxsackievirus B3 infections of C57BL/6 mice, which express the MHC class II IA but not IE Ag, results in virus replication in the heart but minimal myocarditis. In contrast, Bl.Tg.Ealpha mice, which are C57BL/6 mice transgenically induced to express IE Ag, develop significant myocarditis upon Coxsackievirus B3 infection. Despite this difference in inflammatory damage, cardiac virus titers are similar between C57BL/6 and Bl.Tg.Ealpha mice. Removing gammadelta T cells from either strain by genetic manipulation (gammadelta knockout(ko)) changes the disease phenotype. C57BL/6 gammadelta ko mice show increased myocarditis. In contrast, Bl.Tg.Ealpha gammadelta ko mice show decreased cardiac inflammation. Flow cytometry revealed a difference in the gammadelta cell subsets in the two strains, with Vgamma1 dominating in C57BL/6 mice, and Vgamma4 predominating Bl.Tg.Ealpha mice. This suggests that these two Vgamma-defined subsets might have different functions. To test this possibility, we used mAb injection to deplete each subset. Mice depleted of Vgamma1 cells showed enhanced myocarditis, whereas those depleted of Vgamma4 cells suppressed myocarditis. Adoptively transfusing enriched Vgamma4(+) cells to the C57BL/6 and Bl.Tg. Ealpha gammadelta ko strains confirmed that the Vgamma4 subset promoted myocarditis. Th subset analysis suggests that Vgamma1(+) cells biased the CD4(+) T cells to a dominant Th2 cell response, whereas Vgamma4(+) cells biased CD4(+) T cells toward a dominant Th1 cell response.
Palladium-catalysed heteroannulation with acetylenic compounds: synthesis of benzofurans1 (1997)

A detailed study of the heteroannulation of o-iodophenol with acetylenic substrates through palladium–copper catalysis leading to the synthesis of the 2-substituted benzofurans 21–29 is reported. An acylic compound 30 has been isolated and proved to be an intermediate in the synthesis of the benzofurans. Some of the benzofurans have been transformed into biologically active compounds.
Highly Luminescent 1,4-Diketo-3,6-diphenylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole- (DPP-) Based Conjugated Polymers Prepared Upon Suzuki Coupling (2007)

Five new soluble conjugated polymers are described, which were prepared upon Suzuki polycondensation reactions. They alternately consist of dialkylated 1,4-diketo-3,6-diphenyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) units and carbazole, triphenylamine, benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole, anthracene, and fluorene units. The polymers were prepared from 1,4-diketo-2,5-dihexyl-3,6-bis(4-bromophenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (1a), 1,4-diketo-2,5-di(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis(4-bromophenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (1b), or 1,4-diketo-2,5-dihexyl-3,6-bis(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (1c), and 3,6-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9-ethylhexylcarbazole (2), 4,4‘-dibromotriphenylamine (3), 4,4‘-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)triphenylamine (4), 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9,9-dihexylfluorene (5), 9,10-anthracenebispinacolatoboron ester (6), and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (7). The polymers exhibit brilliant red colors. They are soluble in common organic solvents and form orange to red solutions with absorption maxima between 479 and 515 nm. Polymer solutions are highly fluorescent with photoemission maxima between 552 and 600 nm. Photoluminescence quantum yields up to 86% could be determined. The polymers exhibit molecular weights up to 20 000 Da. Cyclic voltammetric studies indicate quasi-reversible oxidative cycles, while reductive cycles are irreversible. Exemplary studies on the electroluminescence of the DPP−fluorene copolymer indicate a maximum emission at 600 nm, the turn-on voltage being 3.5 V. Maximum efficiencies up to 0.5% and a brightness of 50 cd m-2 could be reached.
Hiro Yamagata: Campo cuántico y otras revelaciones (2004)

Desde su profundo anhelo por percibir el infinito, Hiro
How Does Thermal Poling Produce Interstitial Molecular Oxygen in Silicate Glasses? (2015)

Thermal poling of glasses induces structural and compositional modification and breaks central symmetry of these initially isotropic media. In spite of numerous experimental data accumulated, little is known about the processes occurring in soft glasses under this processing. We use micro-Raman technique to study the formation of interstitial molecular oxygen and structural modification of the subsurface layer of a soda-lime silicate glass in the course of thermal poling. The presence of O2 is demonstrated in cation-depleted subanodic region of the glass, the thickness of which depends on the charge passed during the poling procedure and, in our experiments, reaches one micron. O2 concentration in this layer is independent of the charge passed and is on the order of 3 × 1020 cm–3 being maximal in anodic surface craters arising because of poling current nonuniformities. O2 generation is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of three-membered Si–O rings in the modified region of the glass matrix. The ways of nonbridging oxygen recombination are discussed and proposed as the main mechanism of the interstitial O2 formation.
A multiview microwave imaging system for two-dimensional penetrable objects (1991)

A microwave imaging system is based on a multiview numerical solution to the integral equation of 2D transverse magnetic (TM) scattering is proposed. This solution is achieved by the moment method, and a pseudoinversion transformation is used to face ill-conditioning problems. All experimental setup is described that uses a scanning subsystem for measuring the values of the scattered electric field inside an observation domain located outside the investigation one (i.e., the area containing the cross sections of cylindrical dielectric scatters). Rotations of the investigation domain with respect to the scanning subsystem and the transmitting antenna allow a multiview imaging process. The imaging system does not require plane-wave illumination and does not use any first-order approximations; hence, it may be used even in the case of strong scatterers. The offline and once-and-for-all computation of the pseudoinverse matrix allows an inexpensive reconstruction in terms of computer resources. Some tests of the system were carried out, and the results are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reversal of multiple drug resistance by tolyporphin, a novel cyanobacterial natural product. (1994)

The effects of a novel porphyrin, tolyporphin, on P-glycoprotein-mediated multiple drug resistance in human ovarian and breast cell lines were characterized. Compared with parental SKOV3 and MCF-7 cells, the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing sublines SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR were 5- and 1.3-fold less sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of tolyporphin. Subtoxic doses of tolyporphin increased the sensitivity of the SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR cells to P-glycoprotein-transported drugs, but did not increase the antiproliferative effects of nontransported drugs. Tolyporphin also enhanced the accumulation of [3H]-vinblastine in SKVLB1 and MCF-7/ADR cells at doses approximately 10-fold lower than those required for similar responses to verapamil. In contrast, tolyporphin did not affect drug accumulation in SKOV3 or MCF-7 cells. Tolyporphin reduced [3H]-vinblastine efflux from SKVLB1 cells, reduced [3H]-vinblastine binding to membranes from SKVLB1 cells, and blocked the ability of [3H]-azidopine to photoaffinity-label P-glycoprotein in these membranes. These results indicate that tolyporphin binds to P-glycoprotein and inhibits the transport of cytotoxic natural product drugs. This novel natural product, and related compounds, may be useful for the reversal of multiple drug resistance and for further definition of the drug binding site(s) of P-glycoprotein.
Effect of Astrocyte-Conditioned Medium, Retinoic Acid and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Received: 28/Dec/2006, Accepted: 14/Jun/2007 Objective: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells capable of extensive proliferation while maintaining their potential to differentiate into any cell type. The therapeutic potential of these cells are promising, but in many cases limited by our inability to promote their differentiation. In this study we examined the effect of inducer factors in direct differentiation of mouse ESCs into a neural fate in suspension culture systems. Materials and Methods: Mouse ESCs (Royan B1) were cultivated in suspension to form embryoid bodies (EBs) within 2 days (2d). They were induced using astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), retinoic acid (RA, 1µM) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 20 ng/ml) for 4 days (2+4d) and were cultured on poly-L-lysine coated dishes up to 5 days (2+4+5d) to differentiate. The expressions of neural specific genes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Differences of means for percentage significance of differentiated EBs were tested by the Mann-Whitney Test and for length and thickness of neural processes by t-test. Results: Retinoic acid increased the percentage of EBs outgrowth with neural morphology and bFGF had synergistic effect (at least p<0.05), while ACM did not influence neural differentiation at all. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed the expression of β-tubulin III in neural cells and that the differentiated neural cells in RA+bFGF group were longer and thicker processes (at least p<0.05). The cells expressed Nestin, Pax6, NF-M, Islet-1, Lim1, and HB9. Conclusion: The results showed that ACM had no effect on neural differentiation from ESCs, however, RA was in favor of this and that bFGF increased neural differentiation synergistically by mechanisms that remain to be defined.
Quantum Correlated Imaging is a Promising New Technique in Medical Imaging (2017)

Cardio-cerebral vascular diseases are common and frequently occurring serious diseases that threaten humans. In recent years, Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) has played a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases. However, DSA is not able to visualize intravascular structures in real time, and it is especially difficult to evaluate each layer of the vascular wall and the composition of atherosclerotic plaques with DSA. Quantum correlated imaging is a new technique that can be used to perform real-time online imaging of intravascular flow, vascular wall structure, and atherosclerotic plaque composition. Quantum correlated imaging is a promising new technique that will soon be used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.
Increased expression of multidrug resistance‐associated proteins in bladder cancer during clinical course and drug resistance to doxorubicin (2002)

Overexpression of the P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) gene is closely associated with the clinical outcome of various malignancies, and it is involved in responses to some anticancer chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin. Six human MRP subfamily members (MRP2-7) with structural similarities to MRP1 have been identified. Recently, the relationships between MRP2 and MRP3 expression levels of some cancer cells and drug sensitivity to doxorubicin have been reported, but the relationship between the clinical samples and drug sensitivity remains unclear. We determined the expressions of the MDR1, MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 gene in bladder cancer during the clinical course and sought to learn whether the expression was correlated with drug responses to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin, used in chemotherapeutic treatment including intravesical and systemic chemotherapy, is an important anticancer agent for the treatment of bladder cancer. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for our study, and the sensitivity to doxorubicin in bladder cancer was determined using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test. Using 47 clinical samples of bladder cancer, we confirmed the significant correlation of MDR1, MRP1 and MRP3 mRNA levels with resistance to doxorubicin. We showed that the expression of MDR1, MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 in recurrent tumors and residual tumors after chemotherapeutic treatment was higher than that in untreated primary tumors. In particular, the MDR1 expression in residual tumors was 5.7-fold higher than that in untreated primary tumors.
<title>Buried object remote detection technology for law enforcement</title> (1991)

A precise airborne temperature-sensing technology to detect buried objects for use by law enforcement is developed. Demonstrations have imaged the sites of buried foundations, walls and trenches; mapped underground waterways and aquifers; and been used to locate underground military objects. The methodology is incorporated in a commercially available, high signal-to-noise, dual-band infrared scanner with real-time, 12-bit digital image processing software and display. The method creates color-coded images based on surface temperature variations of 0.2 degree(s)C. Unlike other less-sensitive methods, it maps true (corrected) temperatures by removing the (decoupled) surface emissivity mask equivalent to 1 degree(s)C or 2 degree(s)C; this mask hinders interpretation of apparent (blackbody) temperatures. Once removed, it is possible to identify surface temperature patterns from small diffusivity changes at buried object sites which heat and cool differently from their surroundings. Objects made of different materials and buried at different depths are identified by their unique spectral, spatial, thermal, temporal, emissivity and diffusivity signatures. The authors have successfully located the sites of buried (inert) simulated land mines 0.1 to 0.2 m deep; sod-covered rock pathways alongside dry ditches, deeper than 0.2 m; pavement covered burial trenches and cemetery structures as deep as 0.8 m; and aquifers more than 6 m and less than 60 m deep. The technology could be adapted for drug interdiction and pollution control. For the former, buried tunnels, underground structures built beneath typical surface structures, roof-tops disguised by jungle canopies, and covered containers used for contraband would be located. For the latter, buried waste containers, sludge migration pathways from faulty containers, and the juxtaposition of groundwater channels, if present, nearby, would be depicted. The precise airborne temperature-sensing technology has a promising potential to detect underground epicenters of smuggling and pollution.
Communications: Entry of<sup>35</sup>S-Labeled<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>into Channel Catfish (1996)

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings were bathed for 1 h in water containing 5.6 × 106 Edwardsiella ictaluri/mL labeled with [35S]methionine. Eight organs or tissues were collected from fish at varied intervals from 2 to 72 h after exposure; tissues were digested and radioactive disintegrations were measured in a liquid scintillation counter. A parallel study was conducted by using heat-killed E. ictaluri from the same radiolabeled culture, Bacteria rapidly became associated with the gills (2 h) and persisted in or on the gill and liver (2–72 h). Fewer bacteria were detected in the trunk kidney, gut, and brain, Heat-killed radiolabeled bacteria could not be detected in the fish, Our results suggest that E. ictaluri accumulates on and enters through the gill and that the gill should be considered as a route of entry. The absence of detectable heat-killed bacteria indicates a need to reexamine strategies for fish vaccination with killed bacterins.
The mobility of ions in air. Part II.- Positive ions of short age (1926)

Abstract Until recently far more attention has been given to the problem of the mobility of the negative ion than to that of the positive since the phenomena relating to the latter appeared to be simpler and already well defined. The position has, however, been modified by the interesting discovery by Erikson of the existence of two types of positive ions in a given gas, namely initial ions of short age and final ions of lower mobility formed by their later transformation. Evidence of the existence of these two types has also been obtained since by Wahlin. The method adopted by Erikson involved the use of a blast of gas of high velocity, of the order of 2000 cm. per sec., in order to obtain the shortage necessary. He found that the initial positive ions had a mobility which could not be distinguished from that of negatives, and that in the case of air this held whether he used air saturated with water vapour or air previously dried by passage over calcium chloride.
Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond (2008)

Robust entanglement at room temperature is a necessary requirement for practical applications in quantum technology. We demonstrate the creation of bipartite- and tripartite-entangled quantum states in a small quantum register consisting of individual 13C nuclei in a diamond lattice. Individual nuclear spins are controlled via their hyperfine coupling to a single electron at a nitrogen-vacancy defect center. Quantum correlations are of high quality and persist on a millisecond time scale even at room temperature, which is adequate for sophisticated quantum operations.