gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral ladar: towards active 3D multispectral imaging (2010)

In this paper we present our Spectral LADAR concept, an augmented implementation of traditional LADAR. This sensor uses a polychromatic source to obtain range-resolved 3D spectral images which are used to identify objects based on combined spatial and spectral features, resolving positions in three dimensions and up to hundreds of meters in distance. We report on a proof-of-concept Spectral LADAR demonstrator that generates spectral point clouds from static scenes. The demonstrator transmits nanosecond supercontinuum pulses generated in a photonic crystal fiber. Currently we use a rapidly tuned receiver with a high-speed InGaAs APD for 25 spectral bands with the future expectation of implementing a linear APD array spectrograph. Each spectral band is independently range resolved with multiple return pulse recognition. This is a critical feature, enabling simultaneous spectral and spatial unmixing of partially obscured objects when not achievable using image fusion of monochromatic LADAR and passive spectral imagers. This enables higher identification confidence in highly cluttered environments such as forested or urban areas (e.g. vehicles behind camouflage or foliage). These environments present challenges for situational awareness and robotic perception which can benefit from the unique attributes of Spectral LADAR. Results from this demonstrator unit are presented for scenes typical of military operations and characterize the operation of the device. The results are discussed here in the context of autonomous vehicle navigation and target recognition.
Subwavelength Waveguide Grating Coupler for Fiber-to-Chip Coupling on SOI with 80nm 1dB-Bandwidth (2011)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel subwavelength grating coupler on SOI for coupling between fiber and nanophotonic waveguide with a wide bandwidth. 80nm 1dB-bandwidth was experimentally demonstrated.
Interleukin-12-related cytokine gene expression in carcinomas of the breast, lung, and larynx: a study at tissue level. (2000)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) consist of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin4 (IL-4), respectively. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) induces Th1 and Th2 differentiation. Therefore, IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-4 gene expression were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in carcinomas of the breast (n = 10), lung (n = 17), and larynx (n = 13) to investigate whether TIL activation is IL-12-related. IL-12 and IFN-gamma were codistributed in breast carcinomas, and IL-4 was demonstrated in three instances. IL-12 and IFN-gamma were detected in 15 and 13 lung carcinomas, respectively, and were codistributed in 11 cases; IL-4 was observed in 9 cases and was codistributed with IL-12 and IFN-gamma in 7 instances. IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression was observed in five and nine larynx carcinomas, respectively, and were codistributed in four cases; IL-4 was detected in five instances. These data indicate that breast, lung, and larynx carcinomas are characterized by different patterns of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL4 gene expression and suggest that Th1 activation may be induced, at least in part, by the neoplastic microenvironment.
3D cell assembly based on electro deposition of calcium alginate (2012)

Cell assembly is a key technique for tissue engineering and the creation of organs. However, the current techniques are mainly focusing on the cell culture on a flat plate, which environment is different from the in vivo. In this paper, we proposed a direct writing method for 3D cell assembly based on the electrode deposition of calcium alginate. Sodium alginate solution (1%) with suspended CaCO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles (0.2%) are prepared and put on ITO plate substrate. One tungsten probe and the ITO plate are used as the anode and cathode respectively. By applying voltage on the electrodes, the gel will be formed on the tungsten probe. Therefore, gel with arbitrary shape can be written directly by controlling the position the tungsten probe. The reaction speed is controlled by adjusting the current density. The current results show the gel line can be written successfully with the moveable anode.
The Sandbox for analysis (2006)

The Sandbox is a flexible and expressive thinking environment that supports both ad-hoc and more formal analytical tasks. It is the evidence marshalling and sense-making component for the analytical software environment called nSpace. This paper presents innovative Sandbox human information interaction capabilities and the rationale underlying them including direct observations of analysis work as well as structured interviews. Key capabilities for the Sandbox include "put-this-there" cognition, automatic process model templates, gestures for the fluid expression of thought, assertions with evidence and scalability mechanisms to support larger analysis tasks. The Sandbox integrates advanced computational linguistic functions using a Web Services interface and protocol. An independent third party evaluation experiment with the Sandbox has been completed. The experiment showed that analyst subjects using the Sandbox did higher quality analysis in less time than with standard tools. Usability test results indicated the analysts became proficient in using the Sandbox with three hours of training.
Spectroscopic studies of cold, gas-phase biomolecular ions (2009)

While the marriage of mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy is not new, developments over the last few years in this relationship have opened up new horizons for the spectroscopic study of biological molecules. The combination of electrospray ionisation for producing large biological molecules in the gas phase together with cooled ion traps and multiple-resonance laser schemes are allowing spectroscopic investigation of individual conformations of peptides with more than a dozen amino acids. Highly resolved infrared spectra of single conformations of such species provide important benchmarks for testing the accuracy of theoretical calculations. This review presents a number of techniques employed in our laboratory and in others for measuring the spectroscopy of cold, gas-phase protonated peptides. We show examples that demonstrate the power of these techniques and evaluate their extension to still larger biological molecules.
Optical Trapping: Techniques and Applications (2017)

Optical traps are important tools for studies in many fields including biophysics, medicine, chemistry, and more. This study explains the physics of optical trapping, designs and design constraints, specific applications of optical traps, and potential for new implementations. Once the phenomenon is understood, it will be straightforward to visualize the various possible designs depending on the intended use for the trap. There are many different ways in which an optical trap can be built and used; one example that will be discussed thoroughly is bioanalysis using optical traps, which allows for the comparison of genetically identical cells. With invention comes the potential for innovation and improvement, especially as technology progresses; therefore, the study will be finalized with a brief discussion of the future of optical traps.
Basic research on a new therapy system combining ultrasound and drug delivery (2013)

近年，超音波と薬物を併用した新しい治療法に関する研究は飛躍的に進歩した．血栓溶解剤と超音波を併用する超音波治療用カテーテルは米国では既に臨床応用されている．超音波エネルギーは様々な生体組織で薬物の吸収・浸透を促進する働きがあることから，血管治療，再生医療，癌化学療法，薬物経皮吸収パッチなど，多くの分野へ広く利用される可能性がある．また，超音波造影剤（マイクロバブル）を超音波治療促進剤として利用すれば遺伝子の細胞内導入も可能である．今後，遺伝子治療など，様々な分野における超音波とマイクロバブルの組み合わせが期待される．マイクロバブルの崩壊を時間的，空間的に制御できることから各疾患に対する治療成績の向上，治療時間の短縮，薬物投与の減量，副作用の軽減につながると思われる．また，超音波分子標的造影剤（インテリジェント・マイクロバブル）の研究が進めば，Molecular ImagingとMolecular Therapyを同時にできる理想的な診断治療法になると予想される．
Improved Identity Management Protocol for Secure Mobile Cloud Computing (2013)

Due to the rapid spread of smart phones and SNS (social network services), the use of Internet applications has increased and their need for bandwidth has begun to exceed the capacity of 3G networks. This has caused a reduction in speed and service quality and has underscored the need for network companies to invest in additional bandwidth. The increase in mobile network users has caused identity management problems for mobile service providers. This paper proposes improved IDM3G [8] to solve user ID management and security problems on mobile internet application services over 3G networks along with an additional authentication management protocol. The proposed I©÷DM protocol breaks up loads, which are allowed by the existing IDM3G protocol's mutual authentication via mobile operator process, by sending some parts to an Internet application service provider to enhance mobile and ID management at the service provider and by reducing the network and process loads from information handling and packet transmission. This optimized protocol should improve the performance of the 3G mobile network.
Human IgE receptor <i>alpha</i>-chain IgG chimera blocks passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in vivo. (1993)

Abstract Cross-linking of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) expressed on mast cells and basophils is essential for triggering anaphylaxis in vivo. Previously, other investigators have tried to produce competitive inhibitors using IgE peptide analogues and anti-IgE antibodies with limited success. To create a novel specific inhibitor of IgE that can block binding of IgE to Fc epsilon RI without the capacity to stimulate degranulation, we made an Fc epsilon RI-IgG immunoadhesin. The Fc epsilon RI-IgG was constructed by gene fusion of the extracellular portion of the human alpha-chain of Fc epsilon RI, which contains the high affinity binding site for IgE, with a truncated human IgG1 H chain C region. The Fc epsilon RI-IgG recognizes both human and murine IgE. Coincubation of Fc epsilon RI-IgG with murine IgE prevented sensitization of RBL-2H3 cells and the subsequent histamine release in response to anti-IgE. Similarly, when the Fc epsilon RI-IgG was preincubated with equimolar concentrations of either hyperimmune mouse sera or purified mouse IgE, it completely blocked the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rats. Furthermore, i.v. administration of Fc epsilon RI-IgG following intracutaneous injection of serum from DNP-immunized mice was able to block the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in a time-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate that Fc epsilon RI-IgG is a potent inhibitor of IgE binding to intracutaneous mast cells in vivo and may prove clinically useful for the treatment of IgE-mediated disease.
Epithelial repair mechanisms in the lung (2010)

The recovery of an intact epithelium following lung injury is critical for restoration of lung homeostasis. The initial processes following injury include an acute inflammatory response, recruitment of immune cells, and epithelial cell spreading and migration upon an autologously secreted provisional matrix. Injury causes the release of factors that contribute to repair mechanisms including members of the epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor families (TGF-alpha, KGF, HGF), chemokines (MCP-1), interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13), and prostaglandins (PGE(2)), for example. These factors coordinate processes involving integrins, matrix materials (fibronectin, collagen, laminin), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9), focal adhesions, and cytoskeletal structures to promote cell spreading and migration. Several key signaling pathways are important in regulating these processes, including sonic hedgehog, Rho GTPases, MAP kinase pathways, STAT3, and Wnt. Changes in mechanical forces may also affect these pathways. Both localized and distal progenitor stem cells are recruited into the injured area, and proliferation and phenotypic differentiation of these cells leads to recovery of epithelial function. Persistent injury may contribute to the pathology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. For example, dysregulated repair processes involving TGF-beta and epithelial-mesenchymal transition may lead to fibrosis. This review focuses on the processes of epithelial restitution, the localization and role of epithelial progenitor stem cells, the initiating factors involved in repair, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes.
Functional Characterization of a T Cell Stimulation Reagent for the Production of Therapeutic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (2015)

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy using gene-modified T cells has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes in hematologic malignancies. Production of gene-modified T cells involves the selection of patient T cells, activation via stimulation through the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) complex and a costimulatory domain, followed by introduction of a tumor antigen-specific TCR or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) through gene modification. Here we characterize a soluble T cell stimulation reagent, known as an ExpamerTM reagent, in the production of therapeutic CAR T cells. The Expamer reagent used in these studies is designed to be a late-stage clinical and commercial manufacturing ancillary material with two important attributes that make it highly attractive from a manufacturing and regulatory standpoint; it is a soluble and dissociable reagent. These attributes increase the ease of both introduction and removal from the manufacturing process, giving products manufactured with this reagent consistent product quality and purity. This reagent activates T cells through the simultaneous engagement of the TCR-CD3 complex and the costimulatory receptor CD28 and is compatible with manufacturing of both current and next-generation therapeutics. Purified healthy donor T cells cultured in the presence of the Expamer reagent rapidly fluxed Ca2+, demonstrating the capacity to induce early TCR signaling. Activation through this reagent additionally promotes upregulation of the cell surface activation marker CD25 and proliferation as measured by CFSE dilution. Following stimulation with this reagent, T cells are readily transduced with a CD19-specific CAR construct. The function of CAR T cells generated with this reagent was measured by effector cytokine production, proliferation, and cytolytic activity in the presence of CD19 expressing and control target cells in vitro. CAR T cells robustly produced IFN-ɣ and IL-2 after activation with a CAR specific antigen. In addition, proliferation in the presence of CD19 expressing target cells was observed as measured by CFSE dilution. Finally, significant cytolytic activity against CD19-expressing target cells was observed. Collectively, these data provide evidence that functional engineered T cells can be manufactured using the Expamer reagent and support implementation into the production of both current and next-generation therapeutic gene-modified T cells. The first two authors contributed equally to this work. Disclosures Bashour: Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Larson:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Graef:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Stemberger:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Lothar:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Odegard:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Ramsborg:Juno Therapeutics: Employment.
Ethnolinguistic Continuity on the Guinea Coast (1967)

An inventory of ethnolinguistic units on the Guinea coast can be drawn from early written sources, that is, from Portuguese and other European records of between 1440 and 1700. When this inventory is compared with the present-day inventory it is found that, in the particulars cited, the units have remained very much the same for three, four, or five centuries. Summary evidence relating to the coast, section by section, from the Senegal River to the Cameroons River, is presented, and this includes reference to the linguistic evidence provided by early vocabularies. Not only do all earlier units correspond to present-day units, but the sequence of units along the coast is the same in the earlier as in the present-day inventory. However, some of the units have expanded or contracted; and one of the modern units (Mende) is not recorded before 1700. It is finally suggested that research into the documented period of continuity, through study of the written records, should precede attempts to evaluate the accounts of Völkerwanderungen supplied generously in oral traditions.
Imipramine decreases oesophageal pain perception in human male volunteers (1998)

Increased pain thresholds on imipramine in this group of normal male volunteers in the absence of changes in oesophageal tone imply the presence of a visceral analgesic effect.
Genetic Engineering of Potyvirus Resistance Using Constructs Derived from the Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Gene (1993)

Three versions of the zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) coat protein gene were engineered for expression in plants: the full-length coat protein sequence, the conserved core portion of the gene, and an antisense version. These constructs were introduced into muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; gene expression was verified by Northern and Western analysis. Transgenic R0 and R1 muskmelon plants expressing the full-length coat protein gene exhibited apparent immunity to ZYMV infection: There was a lack of symptom development during a 3-mo observation period and no measurable virus accumulation as determined by ELISA. Melon plants expressing the core or antisense constructs showed a several-day delay of systemic symptom development and reduction in virus titer. Furthermore, transgenic R1 tobacco plants expressing the full-length coat protein, core, or antisense constructs of ZYMV, a nonpathogen of tobacco, showed a short delay in symptom development and reduced virus titer when inoculated with the heterologous potyviruses, potato virus Y, and tobacco etch virus. The transgenic tobacco plants were not protected against the non-potyvirus, tobacco mosaic virus.
Retractable Bits Development and Application (1998)

This paper presents a historical view and present status of retractable bit design and drilling results. Despite the significant improvements in cone-sealed bearing rock bits, the special features of retractable bits provides a wider range of field applications. Scientific drilling, both continental and offshore and stratigraphic offshore boreholes, is an area for profitable application of retractable bits with a downhole motor. Another promising application is drilling and simultaneous casing where some prototypes have been successfully tested. Other applications such as horizontal and geothermal drilling look promising for future developments.
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Precipitated from Low‐Temperature Aqueous Solutions: II. Thin‐Film Formation and Microstructure Developments (2010)

We explored effects of the degree of supersaturation, which depends on solution concentration, pH, and temperature, on the development of microstructures of the TiO 2 thin films deposited from the controlled hydrolysis of TiCl 4 aqueous solutions. It was shown that, with precursor (TiCl 4 ) solution of low degree of supersaturation, a porous flower‐like dendritic structure was synthesized, while a densely packed particulate nanostructure was obtained with that of high degree of supersaturation. The former morphology was attributed to the directional growth of TiO 2 crystals from the already‐deposited films, whereas the latter to the bulk precipitated TiO 2 nanoparticles nucleated in the solution, followed by their attachment and self organization. By establishing the processing–microstructure relations, this study provided a means of generating a wide spectrum of reproducible TiO 2 microstructures using the low‐temperature aqueous solution processing.
High-speed optical modulation with GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells in a <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> diode structure (1984)

A new type of high-speed optical modulator is proposed and demonstrated. An electric field is applied perpendicular to GaAs/GaAlAs multiple quantum well layers using a ‘‘p-i-n’’ diode doping structure of 4-μm total thickness. The optical absorption edge, which is particularly abrupt because of exciton resonances, shifts to longer wavelengths with increasing field giving almost a factor of 2 reduction in transmission at 857 nm with an 8-V reverse bias. The shifts are ascribed to changes in carrier confinement energies in the wells. The observed switching time of 2.8 ns is attributed to RC time constant and instrumental limitations only, and fundamental limits may be much faster.
Mitigating malicious control packet floods in ad hoc networks (2005)

We investigate the impact of hacker attacks by malicious nodes on the overall network performance. These malicious nodes mimic normal nodes in all aspects, except that they do route discoveries much more frequently than other nodes. We show, using simulations, that the basic route discovery mechanism used in many ad hoc network protocols can be exploited by as few as one malicious or compromised node to bring down throughput dramatically. We propose an adaptive statistical packet dropping mechanism to mitigate such situations and reduce the loss of throughput. The proposed mechanism works even when the identity of the malicious node is unknown and does not use any additional network bandwidth. It is simple to implement and maintains or improves network throughput when there are no malicious nodes, but the network is congested with excess traffic.
Vigilin, a Ubiquitous Protein with 14 K Homology Domains, Is the Estrogen-inducible Vitellogenin mRNA 3′-Untranslated Region-binding Protein (1997)

RNA-binding proteins containing KH domains are widely distributed. One KH domain protein of unknown function, vigilin (also known as the high density lipoprotein-binding protein), contains 14 KH domains and is ubiquitous in vertebrate cells. We previously used RNA gel mobility shift assays to describe an estrogen-inducible protein which binds specifically to a segment of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of vitellogenin mRNA, an area which has been implicated in the estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Here we show that the vitellogenin mRNA-binding protein (VitRNABP) is vigilin. The VitRNABP was isolated as a 150-155-kDa protein on a vitellogenin mRNA 3'-UTR affinity column. Peptide microsequencing revealed that the purified protein was vigilin, a conclusion confirmed in Western blot analysis with antibodies to vigilin. Direct confirmation that vigilin is the VitRNABP was obtained from RNA gel mobility shift assays which demonstrated that antibodies to chicken vigilin supershifted the Xenopus VitRNABP band. Xenopus liver vigilin mRNA and the VitRNABP exhibited similar induction by estrogen, providing additional confirmation that vigilin is the estrogen-inducible protein which binds to the 3'-UTR of estrogen-stabilized vitellogenin mRNA. These data support a role for vigilin in the hormonal control of mRNA metabolism.