gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New shuttle vectors for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. IV The nucleotide sequence of pHY300PLK and some properties in relation to transformation. (1986)

The whole nucleotide sequence of pHY300PLK (Ishiwa and Shibahara 1985a) has been determined, pHY300PLK consists of 4870 bp and contains an RNA primer for ori-177 and three open reading frames corresponding to TcR, ApR and Rep-α1. Twenty-three unique restriction endonuclease recognition sites were found. We have confirmed that ORF α1 of pHY300PLK is the plasmid replication gene. A rescue phenomenon has been found with respect to multiple infection by pHY300.2PLK (rep-) and pUB110. A series of experiments indicated that the oligomer form, pHY300.2PLK, was rescued by the monomeric form, pUB110. Additionally, some useful information for using pHY300PLK as a shuttle vector in molecular cloning studies is presented. (Key words: shuttle vector; E, coli; B, subtilis; tetracycline; ampicillin; kanamycin; rescue; MIC).
Contact and demand‐release disinfectants (1989)

A new class of solid‐phase disinfectants has emerged in recent years. Certain types of these disinfectants, the iodinated strong base resins, release iodine upon demand to microorganisms in water. These triiodide and pentaiodide resins have proven effective against a large number of bacterial genera, viruses, and representative parasites such as Giardia lamblia. Although federal regulatory policies have prevented their use for large scale water purification, they have been selectively applied in the U.S. Space Program and in situations for short‐term water disinfection. They appear to hold promise as components of hybrid devices utilizing filtration and halogen scavenging to produce high quality, potable water.
Joining the right queue: A Markov decision-rule (1987)

The problem of assigning customers to one of several parallel queues so as to minimize the average time spent in the system (sojourn time) is studied as a Markov decision process. It is shown how the approach developed by Krishnan and Ott [7] to investigate state-dependent routing of voice-traffic for blocking minimization can also be used for sojourn-minimization for data traffic. For queues in parallel, this approach produces a rule, called the 'separable' rule, which is a generalization of "join the shortest queue" rule to the case of dissimilar queues, reducing to the shortest-queue rule when the queues are all alike - the case for which the shortest-queue rule is, in fact, optimum. Numerical results show that in cases where the queues are dissimilar in both the service rates and numbers of their servers, the 'separable' rule is strikingly superior to the shortest-queue rule; if the dissimilarities are limited to differences in the service rates, the 'separable' rule practically always is better than the shortest-queue rule; if the dissimilarities consist in the numbers of servers being different, with the individual servers all alike in the different queues, then the shortest-queue rule does better than the separable rule in most instances.
Impact of <i>Nrf2</i> on tumour growth and drug sensitivity in oncogenic K-ras-transformed cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2018)

K-ras is one of the most common oncogenes in human cancers, and its aberrant activation may lead to malignant transformation associated with oxidative stress and activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 that regulates multiple detoxification enzymes. The purpose of this research was to use gene editing technology to evaluate the role of Nrf2 in affecting tumour growth and drug sensitivity of K-ras<sup>G12V</sup>-transformed cells. We showed that induction of K-ras<sup>G12V</sup> caused a significant activation of Nrf2 associated with increased expression of its target genes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Interestingly, knock-out of Nrf2 by CRISPR/Cas9 in K-ras<sup>G12V</sup>-expressing cells only impacted the expression of NQO1 but not HO-1. We also found that Nrf2 knock-out caused high reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress, suppression of cell proliferation, increased apoptosis in vitro, and a decrease of tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, abrogation of Nrf2 significantly increased the sensitivity of K-ras<sup>G12V</sup> cells to multiple anticancer agents including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), doxorubicin, etoposide, and cisplatin. These results show that genetic abrogation of Nrf2 impairs the malignant phenotype of K-Ras<sup>G12V</sup>-transformed cells in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrates the critical role of Nrf2 in promoting cell survival and drug resistance in cells harbouring oncogenic K-ras. As such, inhibition of Nrf2 would be an attractive strategy to increase the therapeutic effect and overcome drug resistance in cancer with oncogenic K-ras activation.
Synthesis of Poly(4,4-dialkyl-cyclopenta[2,1-<i>b</i>:3,4-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene-<i>alt</i>-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) in a Direct Arylation Scheme (2012)

Poly(4,4-dialkyl-cyclopenta[2,1-<i>b</i>:3,4-<i>b</i>']dithiophene-<i>alt</i>-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT), a potentially interesting low bandgap donor copolymer for bulk heterojunction-type organic solar cells with a power conversion efficiency >5.5%, can be now synthesized in a direct arylation scheme starting from 4,4-dialkyl-cyclopenta[2,1-<i>b</i>:3,4-<i>b</i>']dithiophene (CPDT) and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (4,7-dibromo-BT) as monomers. The direct arylation procedure leads to PCPDTBT with an <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> of up to 40 000 and circumvents the use of costly diboronic acid/ester or distannyl monomers.
Rilsan (Polyamid 11), Synthese und Eigenschaften (1962)

Abstract Die Ausarbeitung einer technischen Synthese von 11‐Aminoundecansäure hat zur Aufnahme des Polyamids 11 – unter der Bezeichnung Rilsan – in die Reihe der handelsüblichen Polyamide geführt. Die Eigenschaften des Rilsans leiten sich aus der Struktur seines Grundbausteines ab: Im Rilsan sind die Carbonamidgruppen durch lange Methylenketten getrennt. Daher können sich Wasserstoffbrücken nur in bestimmten Abständen bilden. Die hohe Reißfestigkeit (6–7 g/den) der Rilsanfäden war erstaunlich, bis man Fäden aus Niederdruck‐Polyäthylen und isotaktischem Polypropylen herstellen konnte, die ähnliche Reißfestigkeiten haben.
Age-related changes in trabecular meshwork cellularity. (1981)

To investigate whether alterations in the cellular component of the trabecular meshwork occur with age, we evaluated trabecular meshwork cellularity and absolute cell number, using specimens obtained from patients ranging in age from newborn to 81 years. We obtained reproducible, quantitative measurements of these parameters, using montages of 1 micrometer meridional sections. A progressive decrease in cellularity (58%) and absolute cell number (47%) in the trabecular meshwork occurred over the 81-year period studied. Regression analysis suggested that the decrease in cellularity and cell number is linear function of age, resulting from a loss of approximately 0.58% of all cells per year. This change in cellularity parallels that seen in the corneal endothelium. implying that trabecular cells, like corneal endothelial cells, may have a limited reparative capacity.
The good, the bad and the negligent (2001)

A bad hospital experience makes us value the good nurses, but how can we hang on to them?
SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver involvement (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest public health challenge in living memory. Patients with underlying liver disease have been disproportionately affected, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. In addition, elevated liver enzymes appear to be a risk factor for disease progression, even in the absence of underlying liver disease. Nevertheless, the mechanism of liver injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 induces liver injury, and the impact of COVID-19 on cirrhosis, alcohol-related liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis B and C virus infection, liver-transplant recipients and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, emerging data on vaccination in liver diseases is discussed, to help inform public health policy.
Urinary Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Lipid Peroxidation By-Products in Migraine (2003)

Enhanced endothelium nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion release may cause migraine through related cerebral blood flow changes. Thirty subjects suffering from migraine with and without aura and 20 healthy controls were investigated. Urine samples collected for 24 h during and after the migraine attack, and during the headache-free period, were assayed for urinary NO stable metabolites (NOx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). During the headache-free period urinary NOx and TBARS levels were higher in migraine sufferers than in controls (NOx 0.77 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.15 mmol/mmol creatinine, P < 0.05; TBARS 0.40 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.13 micro mol/mol creatinine, P < 0.05). Also, NOx excretion was higher during the headache-free period than during or after the migraine attack (P < 0.05). Urinary TBARS were increased during the attack with respect to the headache-free period (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the same parameters between sufferers of migraine with and without aura. Urinary NOx and TBARS might be promising as markers of their systemic levels to evaluate the increased vulnerability to oxidative stress in migraine sufferers.
A new channel percolation model for V/sub T/ shift in discrete-trap memories (2004)

In this work we studied the mechanisms for channel conduction in discrete-trap memories (DTMs). It is shown that the threshold voltage V/sub T/ in the cell corresponds to a percolation condition in the channel, where the inverted layers connect source to drain. A numerical model is presented which is able to calculate the local profile of V/sub T/ in the channel, and to evaluate the global V/sub T/ in the cell according to a channel percolation condition. The model is shown to account for the size dependence of V/sub T/ in DTM cells, and for the staircase charge-loss characteristics observed on ultrascaled devices. The implications of the percolation mechanism from the reliability point of view are finally discussed in details.
Acute Compartment Syndrome in Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Trauma (2005)

Acute compartment syndrome is a potentially devastating condition in which the pressure within an osseofascial compartment rises to a level that decreases the perfusion gradient across tissue capillary beds, leading to cellular anoxia, muscle ischemia, and death. A variety of injuries and medical conditions may initiate acute compartment syndrome, including fractures, contusions, bleeding disorders, burns, trauma, postischemic swelling, and gunshot wounds. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supplemented by compartment pressure measurements. Certain anesthetic techniques, such as nerve blocks and other forms of regional and epidural anesthesia, reportedly contribute to a delay in diagnosis. Basic science data suggest that the ischemic threshold of normal muscle is reached when pressure within the compartment is elevated to 20 mm Hg below the diastolic pressure or 30 mm Hg below the mean arterial blood pressure. On diagnosis of impending or true compartment syndrome, immediate measures must be taken. Complete fasciotomy of all compartments involved is required to reliably normalize compartment pressures and restore perfusion to the affected tissues. Recognizing compartment syndromes requires having and maintaining a high index of suspicion, performing serial examinations in patients at risk, and carefully documenting changes over time.
Secretion of pleiotrophin stimulates breast cancer progression through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (2007)

Pleiotrophin (PTN, Ptn ) is an 18-kDa secretory cytokine expressed in many breast cancers; however, the significance of Ptn expression in breast cancer has not been established. We have now tested three models to determine the role of inappropriate expression of Ptn in breast cancer. Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter-driven Ptn expressed in MMTV-polyoma virus middle T antigen ( PyMT )- Ptn mouse breast cancers was first shown to induce rapid growth of morphologically identified foci of “scirrhous” carcinoma and to extensively remodel the microenvironment, including increased tumor angiogenesis and striking increases in mouse protocollagens Iα2, IVα5, and XIα1, and elastin. Ectopic Ptn expression in MCF-7 (human breast cancer)- Ptn cell xenografts also was shown to markedly increase MCF-7- Ptn cell xenograft growth in nude mice; furthermore, it induced extensive remodeling of the microenvironment and tumor angiogenesis. In a coculture model of equal numbers of NIH 3T3 stromal fibroblasts and MCF-7- Ptn cells, PTN secreted from MCF-7- Ptn cells was then shown to induce a more malignant MCF-7- Ptn breast cancer cell phenotype and extensive remodeling of the MCF-7- Ptn /NIH 3T3 cell microenvironment; it up-regulated expression of markers of aggressive breast cancers, including PKCδ and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in both MCF-7- Ptn and NIH 3T3 cells. The morphological phenotypes of MCF-7- Ptn cell xenografts and MCF-7- Ptn cell/NIH 3T3 cell cocultures closely resembled breast cancers in MMTV- PyMT-Ptn mice. Inappropriate expression of Ptn thus promotes breast cancer progression in mice; the data suggest that secretion of PTN through stimulation of the stromal cell microenvironment alone may be sufficient to account for significant features of breast cancer progression.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC NEED SATISFACTION AND EMOTIONAL EATING (2001)

Eating in response to emotions may lead to the consumption of excessive calories which typically leads to weight gain. This study examined the relationship between basic need satisfaction as identified by Maslow's hierarchy and emotional eating. According to Modeling and Role-Modeling theory, when lack of basic need satisfaction functions as a stressor, individuals may be more likely to engage in emotional eating as a substitute for fulfilling their needs in order to maintain homeostasis. The Basic Need Satisfaction Inventory (BNSI) had a strong, negative correlation (r = -.49; p < .001) to the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) indicating that the lower the level of basic need satisfaction, the more likely one engaged in emotional eating. In predicting EES score, 27.7% of the variance was explained by the self-esteem subscale of BNSI. This study supports looking at underlying issues contributing to weight gain in order to develop effective interventions for weight management.
Soft error considerations for deep-submicron CMOS circuit applications (2003)

The increasing importance of characterizing both memory arrays and core logic when estimating soft error FIT (failure in time) rates has been demonstrated using test-circuits, a 21264 Alpha microprocessor, and simulations. The reduction of operating voltage has been determined to increase the soft error rate exponentially at 2.1-2.2 decades/volt. Based on the SIA roadmap for CMOS scaling trends, meeting FIT rate requirements in the core logic will pose many challenges in the imminent future.
Optimization of self-nanoemulsifying systems for the enhancement of<i>in vivo</i>hypoglycemic efficacy of glimepiride transdermal patches (2014)

Optimized GMD SNEDs patches were found to improve GMD skin permeability and the essential pharmacokinetic parameters. Further extensive pre/clinical studies are necessary prior to use transdermal GMD as a valuable alternative to peroral dosage forms with improved bioavailability, longer duration of action and more patient convenience.
CREAMY PERCEPTION I: IN MODEL DESSERT CREAMS (1987)

ABSTRACT Model caramel creams containing four levels of dairy fat and nine levels of xanthan gum as thickener were tasted and submitted to viscometric measurements. The panel of 15 tasters evaluated their liking of the consistency, the perceived creaminess and the thickness, using a magnitude estimation scoring method. Results were correlated with rheological parameters: viscosity and flow behavior index. There is a quadratic relationship between rheological parameters and both liking consistency and perceived creaminess, with an optimum value. The optimum liking does not coincide with that for maximum creaminess; these values depend on the amount of the two ingredients: fat content and thickener. They can be obtained from response surfaces. The perceived thickness is related to viscosity. Some modalities of changes in optimal values for different groups of people are considered.
Tissue Regeneration (2013)

Adult Stem Cells, Preparation of Tissue Development-Mimicking Matrices and their Applications Decellularized Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Cell Behavior on Electrospun Scaffolds Recent Advances on Three-Dimensional Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration and Repair Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends The Convergence of Biomimetic Nanofibers and Cells for Functional Tissue Formation Nanodimensional and Nanocrystalline Calcium Orthophosphates Nano-Bioceramics as Coatings for Orthopedic Implants and Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration Surface Structure of Nanocomposites and Its Properties: A Practical Example.
A New Route to Polymer-Filled Glass (1995)

Hybrid inorganic/organic materials can be generated in non-aqueous systems by rapid formation of polysilicate networks in the presence of dissolved organic polymers. The enabling chemistry is the direct reaction of formic acid with simple tetraalkoxysilanes. The acid acts as solvent, water source and catalyst for both hydrolytic and condensation reactions. Gelation times can be two to three orders of magnitude faster than for the conventional aqueous sol-gel counterpart. Transparent composites can be fabricated from a variety of polymers soluble in the acid. The polysilicate phase can become continuous at levels as low as 5 wt%, causing substantial modification of system modulus and polymer viscoelastic behavior. Continuity was established from careful pyrolysis of the polymer at 650°. The hybrids were formulated as interpenetrating networks based on NMR evidence against covalent bonding between the phases. Small angle X-ray scans show no scattering intensity maxima with scattering angle and a linear power law (Porod) slope of ca. 2.4, indicating mass fractal scattering centers. TEM analysis suggests polymer domains a few nm in size. For the flexible polymer poly(vinyl formate), hybrids showed high levels of toughness and yield behavior. Data from dynamic mechanical studies and some applications-related behavior are also discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF NORMAL AND MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASMS IN MAIZE. II. ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF DNA SPECIES IN MITOCHONDRIA (1980)

Mitochondrial DNA preparations were made from 31 maize lines carrying different sources of cytoplasm in the same nuclear genetic background. The DNAs were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. A number of discrete low molecular weight bands were present in all lines. However, only four different DNA banding patterns were observed. These were correlated with the N, T, S and C cytoplasms defined by nuclear fertility restorer genes. Of the 31 cytoplasmic sources examined, six possessed DNA species characteristic of N cytoplasms, four possessed DNA species characteristic of T cytoplasm, 19 possessed DNA species characteristic of S cytoplasm and two possessed DNA species characteristic of C cytoplasm. This classification is in complete agreement with that based on mitochondrial translation products reported in the accompanying paper. No within-group heterogeneity was observed in the DNA banding patterns, indicating a lack of cytoplasmic variation within the four cytoplasmic groups. Attributes of the various methods available for classifying maize cytoplasms are compared and discussed.
A national survey of asthma prevalence, severity, and treatment in Great Britain. (1994)

Parents of 5472 children aged 5-17 years from 3209 families were interviewed in a nationwide household survey. In the past year, 15.0% of children had wheezed, 2.2% had more than 12 attacks, and 2.3% had experienced a speech limiting attack. Altogether 4.3% were woken more than once a week by wheezing, 13.1% had doctor diagnosed asthma, and 13.6% had been prescribed antiasthmatic drugs in the past year. With increasing age, morbidity related to wheezing declined to a greater extent than annual period prevalence. The prevalence of wheeze varied little by socioeconomic group, but there were marked trends in all three indices of severity towards increased morbidity in poorer families. Diagnostic labelling and drug treatment of wheezy children did not differ substantially with socioeconomic status. Thus, a degree of socioeconomic equality exists in the process of medical care for childhood asthma in Britain. This does not appear to have resulted in equality of outcome.
Using free web storage for data backup (2006)

Backing up important data is crucial. A variety of causes can lead to data loss, such as disk failures, administration errors, virus infiltration, theft, and physical damage to equipment. Users and businesses have important information that is difficult to replace, such as financial records and contacts. Reliable backups are crucial because some data cannot be replaced, while recreating other data can be expensive in terms of time and money. We propose two methods which leverage various types of free Web storage to provide simple, reliable, and free backup solutions.The first method is based on the storage of data in the caches of Internet search engines. We have developed CrawlBackup, a tool which prepares and provides the data for Web crawlers and can then restore the data from the Internet even if all the data on the original computer is unavailable. The second method, called MailBackup, stores redundant copies of the important data in the mailboxes of Internet mail services. We have successfully used these backup systems since the middle of 2005. In this paper we discuss and compare these methods, their feasibility of deployment, their security, and their flexibility.
Asynchronous Distributed Matrix Factorization with Similar User and Item Based Regularization (2016)

We introduce an asynchronous distributed stochastic gradient algorithm for matrix factorization based collaborative filtering. The main idea of this approach is to distribute the user-rating matrix across different machines, each having access only to a part of the information, and to asynchronously propagate the updates of the stochastic gradient optimization across the network. Each time a machine receives a parameter vector, it averages its current parameter vector with the received one, and continues its iterations from this new point. Additionally, we introduce a similarity based regularization that constrains the user and item factors to be close to the average factors of their similar users and items found on subparts of the distributed user-rating matrix. We analyze the impact of the regularization terms on MovieLens (100K, 1M, 10M) and NetFlix datasets and show that it leads to a more efficient matrix factorization in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and that the asynchronous distributed approach significantly improves in convergence time as compared to an equivalent synchronous distributed approach.