gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WLAN Interface Management on Mobile Devices (2008)

The number of smartphones in use is overwhelmingly increasing every year.\nThese devices rely on connectivity to the Internet for the majority of\ntheir applications. The ever-increasing number of deployed 802.11 wireless\naccess points and the relatively high cost of other data services make the\ncase for opportunistic communication using free WiFi hot-spots. However,\nthis requires effective management of the WLAN interface, because by\ndesign the energy cost of WLAN scanning and interface idle operation is \nhigh and energy is a primary resource on mobile devices.\n\n\nThis thesis studies the WLAN interface management problem on mobile\ndevices. First, I consider the hypothetical scenario where future\nknowledge of wireless connectivity opportunities is available, and present\na dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal schedule for the\ninterface. In the absence of future knowledge, I propose several heuristic\nstrategies for interface management, and use real-world user traces to\nevaluate and compare their performance against the optimal algorithm.\nTrace-based simulations show that simple static scanning with a suitable\ninterval value is very effective for delay-tolerant, background\napplications. I attribute the good performance of static scanning to the\npower-law distribution of the length of the WiFi opportunities of\nmobile users, and provide guidelines for choosing the scanning interval\nbased on the statistical properties of the traces. I improve the\nperformance of static scanning, by 46% on average, using a local cache of\nprevious scan results that takes advantage of the location hints provided\nby the set of visible GSM cell towers.
SF<inf>6</inf> alternative development for high voltage Switchgears (2015)

The modern transmission and distribution network relies on SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> technology because of its remarkable arc quenching properties and dielectric insulation (approximately 3 times greater than air). However, even if SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> Switchgears are safe for the environment, the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> insulating gas has potential significant environmental impacts if it leaks into the atmosphere. Indeed SF6 is one of the six gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol, with a global warming potential that is 23500 times greater than CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Alternative solutions to SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> have been researched for a long time. Up to now, no significant success has been achieved in solutions for the transmission network. This paper presents the research conducted with fluorinated compounds to qualify a new gas to be used into high voltage equipment as SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> alternatives with properties significantly improved with respect to typical SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mixtures or others already in use. Potential applications of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -free gas mixture, called g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and based on 3M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> NovecTM 4710 Dielectric Fluid for dielectric insulation and arc switching into high voltage apparatuses are reported with the aim to be low in toxicity and to reduce the global warming potential of the new mixture to typically less than 2% of the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> equivalent with no or minor design modification by respect to typical SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> design. Research in progress on arc interrupting capability of this new gas mixture has shown promising results that are not described in this publication. We expect this new gas mixture to allow a major move towards a new generation of environmentally friendly switchgears.
Design and application of a versatile triple‐laser cell and chromosome sorter (1987)

A high-resolution triple-laser sorter was designed and constructed to provide flexible switchover and high-resolution sorting of cells or chromosomes with any combination of one, two, or three lasers. These features provide a central facility instrument that currently serves multiple users and analyzes different stain combinations with minimal switchover effort between experiments. Improved optics and mounts that focus the three laser beams independently are able to resolve beads and chromosomes better than our previously reported dual-laser sorter. An improved signal collection unit with electronically controlled reference positions can be focused more quickly and precisely for any signal combination. A removable dye laser extends the range of usable fluorochrome labels. A rapid sheath switchover permits sorting of sterile cells and sterile chromosomes sequentially without additional sterilization or reservoir sheath change. Improved dual-laser chromosome resolution is at least as good, analyzing 8,000 chromosomes/s, compared to the previous dual-laser bench at 2,000/s. Stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed according to simultaneous measurements of cell surface receptors labeled with a fluoresceinated neuropeptide and a Texas red-labeled antibody as well as DNA content during the cell cycle. These results demonstrate the broad range of potential applications of this triple-laser system.
Deriving comorbidities from medical records using natural language processing (2013)

Extracting comorbidity information is crucial for phenotypic studies because of the confounding effect of comorbidities. We developed an automated method that accurately determines comorbidities from electronic medical records. Using a modified version of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), two physicians created a reference standard of comorbidities by manual review of 100 admission notes. We processed the notes using the MedLEE natural language processing system, and wrote queries to extract comorbidities automatically from its structured output. Interrater agreement for the reference set was very high (97.7%). Our method yielded an F1 score of 0.761 and the summed CCI score was not different from the reference standard (p=0.329, power 80.4%). In comparison, obtaining comorbidities from claims data yielded an F1 score of 0.741, due to lower sensitivity (66.1%). Because CCI has previously been validated as a predictor of mortality and readmission, our method could allow automated prediction of these outcomes.
Simple control strategies of methanol dosing for post-denitrification (1998)

The objective of this work is to propose a simple but efficient way of controlling the carbon addition for the post-denitrification process in order to comply with regulatory constraints and optimize operating cost. A Biostyr® pilot column filled with polystyrene beads was used for the experiments. In order to simulate a secondary treated water from a nitrifying stage with a carbon source addition, the feed water was composed of river water dosed with nitrates, phosphates and methanol. Methanol was added initially with no control (at different constant rates) and in a second stage with different control strategies based on the on-line measurement of inlet and/or outlet nitrate concentrations. This simple dosing mode proved to be very efficient in set-point tracking to ensure the effluent quality and in minimizing the methanol addition (up to 20% less methanol consumption), thus optimizing operation costs.
Characterization of bacteriophage λ Q mutant for stable and efficient production of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli system (1998)

We previously demonstrated that the λ system integrated into the host chromosome can overcome the instability encountered in continuous operations of unstable plasmid-based expression vectors. High stability of a cloned gene in a lysogenic state and a high copy number in a lytic state provide cloned-gene stability and overexpression in a two-stage continuous operation. But the expression by the commonly used S− mutant λ was only twice as high as that of the single copy. To increase the expression in the λ system, we constructed a Q− mutant λ vector that can be used in long-term operations such as a two-stage continuous operation. The Q− mutant phage λ is deficient in the synthesis of proteins involved in cell lysis and λ DNA packaging, while the S− mutant is deficient in the synthesis of one of two phage proteins required for lysis of the host cell and liberation of the progeny phage. Therefore, it is expected that the replicated Q− λ DNA containing a cloned gene would not be coated by a phage head and would remain naked for ample expression of the cloned gene and host cells would not lyse easily and consequently would produce larger amounts of cloned-gene products. The β-galactosidase expression per unit cell by the Q− mutant in a lytic state was about 30 times higher than that in a lysogenic state, while the expression by the commonly used S− mutant in a lytic state was twice as high as that in a lysogenic state. The optimal switching time of the Q− mutant from the lysogenic state to the lytic state for the maximum production of β-galactosidase was 5.3 h, which corresponds to an early log phase in the batch operation. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 529-535, 1998.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Treatment Increases Coronary t-PA Release in a Porcine Ischemia Model (2014)

These findings support a proof of concept for histone deacetylation inhibition positive effect on tissue plasminogen activator expression in an in vivo setting. Further studies are needed to find an optimal way to implement histone deacetylation inhibition to achieve desired clinical changes in tissue plasminogen activator expression.
Sniffing Packets on LAN without ARP Spoofing (2008)

Identifying weak points of network systems and protecting them (before attackers or hackers detect and use our data to attack our systems) are regarded as essential security methods, especially on the LAN system which uses ARP protocol with holes enabling hackers to conduct ARP spoof and sniff packets on the LAN systems. Regarding Web sites with membership systems such as e-commerce Web sites and Web sites with e-mail systems such as Hotmail and Gmail, every time users click links, browsers will send away HTTP requests which contain cookies and session ID. If hackers successfully sniff cookies and session ID of any member, they will be able to access the member's system by the right of that member. This type of attacks can be prevented by using static ARP, detecting ARP spoof using IDS, or using anti sniff type programs to scan for the computer which is sniffing the data. Although sniffing data is harmful, it sometimes needs to be conducted for some purposes, e.g. confidential affair job (sniffing terrorists' data) etc. This research aims to study techniques in sniffing data on the LAN system without using ARP spoof. The results are as follows. (1) The victims cannot detect hackers by using IDS. (2) Static ARP cannot prevent sniffing data by this method. (3) The hacker's computer cannot be scanned and found by using anti sniff type programs. MAC address and IP address values are set to coincide with gateway MAC address and gateway IP address respectively. Only two basic programs-Ping and Ethereal are used. Ethereal is used to sniff the data, and Ping command is used to send Packets to deceive the switch port that gateway is connecting with the port that we are connecting. This process is to alternate with stop ping (wait) in order to enable the system to function normally on occasions. This method is tested in sniffing the victim's cookies while the victim is clicking links to open the mailboxes of Gmail and Hotmail. The result shows that the number of the sniffed cookies is approximately 20-35%, comparing with the number of the cookies sent to the Internet by the victim. The number of sniffed cookies also depends on other factors such as periods of stop ping (wait) and brands of switch. We have conducted the experiment with three brands of switch consisting of Cisco, 3COM and SMC. It is found that using Cisco brand provides the potentiality to get the largest amount of cookies. In contrast, using SMC brand provides the potentiality to get the smallest amount of cookies. And when Ping sending is tested, switching with wait for 1, 2, 3, ....., 40 seconds, it is found that when we wait for 1-2 seconds, the user will feel that the network system encounters a problem, and Login and Logout process takes longer time than usual. However, the proportion of the sniffed cookies is high (about 30-35%). When the Wait value is set higher, the chance to get cookies decreases, but the victim will not feel the abnormality (setting the wait value at 7-10 seconds, the sniffed Cookies will be about 20% of all cookies).
Exploiting non-local features for spoken language understanding (2006)

In this paper, we exploit non-local features as an estimate of long-distance dependencies to improve performance on the statistical spoken language understanding (SLU) problem. The statistical natural language parsers trained on text perform unreliably to encode non-local information on spoken language. An alternative method we propose is to use trigger pairs that are automatically extracted by a feature induction algorithm. We describe a light version of the inducer in which a simple modification is efficient and successful. We evaluate our method on an SLU task and show an error reduction of up to 27% over the base local model.
Comparison of the smoothing and shaping of optics by plasma-assisted chemical etching and ion milling using the surface evolution theory (1993)

Plasma-assisted chemical etching (PACE) and ion milling (IM), originally developed for microelectronic fabrication, can now be used to shape or figure and smooth or polish optical and other surfaces with the unique advantage of doing so without mechanical contact. Using a recent theory of the temporal evolution of surfaces that is due to arbitrary additive or subtractive microscopic processes, the author critically compares the predicted and observed smoothing of PACE and IM in this paper to provide insight into their smoothing and other behavior. PACE removes > 10 mm(3)/min and smooths surfaces of considerable roughness (> 10-µm rms). It has produced smoothed surfaces to < 1.0-nm rms without generating electronic subsurface damage. The IM removal rate is > 10(3) times slower, is used primarily for making corrections of less than a micrometer, intrinsically generates electronic subsurface damage, and furthermore requires starting with a smooth surface (≈ 1.0 nm) to maintain smoothness. Both PACE and IM remove mechanical subsurface damage. In agreement with observation, it is shown theoretically that the central distinction between PACE and IM stems from substantial differences in their intrinsic smoothing.
Label-Free Aptamer-Based Immunoglobulin Sensors Using Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (2011)

Electrical detection of specific proteins was demonstrated using aptamer-modified graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) aptamers were immobilized onto the graphene surface with 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester as a linker. From an atomic-force microscopy image, the height of the graphene channel was determined to be approximately 3 nm, indicating the successful functionalization of aptamers. The slope of the transport characteristics before and after aptamer functionalization did not change, indicating that the functionalization process was carried out without introducing defects. The aptamer-modified G-FET successfully detected only the target protein while the drain current of the bare G-FETs changed by various proteins. These results suggest that the binding of the non-target protein to the graphene channel surface was sufficiently suppressed.
Trajectory as an Identity: Privacy-Preserving and Sybil-Resistant Authentication for Internet of Vehicles (2021)

With the advancement of the 5G network, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is becoming more and more attractive for academic researchers and industrial. A main challenge of IoV is to guarantee the authenticity of messages and protect drivers’ privacy simultaneously. The majority of privacy-preserving authentication schemes for IoV adopt pseudonyms or group signatures to achieve a balance between security and privacy. However, defending the Sybil attacks in these schemes is challenging. In this work, we propose a novel privacy-preserving authentication scheme for announcement messages, which utilizes the trajectories of vehicles as their identities. When an authenticated message is verified, the verifier is convinced that the message is generated by a vehicle that has a unique masked trajectory. Meanwhile, the real trajectories of vehicles are kept private. In particular, our scheme achieves Sybil attack resistance without the limitation of trajectory length even when the attacker is allowed to use cloud services.
Immunoreactivity of Protamine Preparations Used to Reverse Heparin Anticoagulation (1990)

To determine if four commercially available intravenous protamine preparations differed in their ability to bind to human antiprotamine antibody, the sera of seven protamine-insulin-dependent diabetics who had experienced life-threatening reactions to intravenous protamine and whose sera contained a mean of 67.4 micrograms/ml (range, 16-200 micrograms/ml) of antiprotamine IgG antibody were evaluated. Each serum was preincubated with buffer and 0.0014 to 1.4 mg/ml of the four protamine preparations before addition to an agarose-based solid-phase radioimmunoassay using 125I-radiolabeled staph protein A as the detection protein. In the seven sera, the concentration of soluble protamine inhibiting 50% of protamine antibody (IC50) was determined by interpolating from points above and below 50% inhibition for each protamine preparation. No significant difference was found in the IC50 among the four different protamine preparations (P greater than 0.25; Kruskal-Wallis). The authors concluded that there is no significant difference in the immunoreactivity of the four commercial protamine preparations with human antiprotamine IgG antibody. Thus, there appears to be no advantage in using a particular intravenous protamine preparation based on immunoreactivity with human antiprotamine antibody.
Prosthetic Leg Kit for Deployment in Developing Countries (2016)

The World Health Organization estimates that over 30 million people require some sort of prosthetic technology. However, traditional prosthetic fitting practices take a lot of time and cost a lot of money, making them inaccessible to millions of people around the world. StandUP Worldwide is an interdisciplinary project team devoted to creating low-cost prosthetic technologies for use around the world, especially in resource poor areas. They are currently developing a low cost, below-the-knee prosthetic kit that can be easily deployed in a resource-poor area. The following presents their solution for a below-the-knee prosthetic socket, foot, and leg.
A Proteolytic NH2-terminal Truncation of Cardiac Troponin I That Is Up-regulated in Simulated Microgravity (2001)

In a tail suspension rat model, we investigated changes in myofilament protein during cardiac adaptation in simulated microgravity. Contractile force and velocity of cardiac muscle were decreased in the tail suspension rats as compared with the control. Ca(2+)-dependent actomyosin ATPase activity was also decreased; however, sensitivity of cardiac muscle to Ca(2+) activation was unchanged. There was no change in expression of myosin heavy chain, tropomyosin, troponin T, or troponin I isoforms in hearts of tail suspension rats. A novel finding is a fragment of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) that had increased amounts in the heart of tail suspension rats. Binding of this cTnI fragment by a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the COOH terminus indicates an intact COOH terminus. NH(2)-terminal sequence analysis of the cTnI fragment revealed truncations primarily of amino acids 1-26 and 1-27 and smaller amounts of 1-30, including Ser(23) and Ser(24), which are substrates of protein kinase A phosphorylation. This cTnI fragment is present in normal cardiac muscle and incorporated into myofibrils, indicating a role in regulating contractility. This proteolytic modification of cTnI up-regulated during simulated microgravity suggests a potential role of the NH(2)-terminal segment of cTnI in functional adaptations of cardiac muscle.
[Review of] Lance Liebman, ed., Ethnic Relations in America (1983)

This small volume contains six background papers prepared under the editorship of Lance Liebman, professor of law at Harvard, for a 1981 meeting on ethnic relations convened by the American Assembly, a well-known policy institution affiliated with Columbia University.
Order statistics in overlapping samples, moving order statistics and <i>U</i>-statistics (1983)

Let X1, X2, … be a sequence of independent random variables with common distribution function F(x). Also let Xy:n(i) (i = 1,2, …) denote the rth order statistic in (Xi…, Xi+n−1). An expression is obtained for cov (Xr:n1(1), Xs:n2(n1 + 1-c)) in terms of the first two moments of order statistics in a sample of n'=n1+n2 −c drawn from F(x). This result is used to study the behaviour of order statistics in moving samples and to unify certain results for linear functions of order statistics expressible as U-statistics.