gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Studies in Mucus Hypersecretion (2002)

Respiratory mucus in epidemiology has mainly been studied using standardized questionnaires including questions on cough and phlegm. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) much controversy exists regarding the importance of mucus hypersecretion. From being the key element in the 'British hypothesis' it was reduced to being an innocent disorder in the 1980s but is now again recognized as a potential risk factor for an accelerated loss of lung function. Whereas early studies in mainly occupational cohorts showed no effect of chronic mucus hypersecretion on decline in lung function, such an effect has been shown in subsequent studies on general population samples. Chronic mucus hypersecretion also increases risk of hospital admission which may be due to an increased risk of lower respiratory tract infection. In severe COPD this may explain the increased mortality associated with the presence of mucus. In asthma recent findings suggest that in epidemiology chronic mucus hypersecretion may indicate lack of control which leads to an accelerated loss of lung function and increased mortality in subjects with self-reported asthma.
Time-course human urine proteomics in space-flight simulation experiments (2014)

The protein abundance profiles support previous results about alternative mechanisms of salt storage in an osmotically inactive form. We hypothesize that reduced NaCl consumption of about 6 g/day presumably will reduce or even prevent the activation of inflammatory processes observed in the early time range of isolation. SOM machine learning in combination with analysis methods of class discovery and functional annotation enable the straightforward analysis of complex proteomics data sets generated by means of mass spectrometry.
Amorphous Bisphenol A Based Poly(Arylene Ether) Modified Cyanate Ester Networks (1993)

Cyanate ester or triazine networks are receiving considerable attention as potential candidates for high-temperature adhesives and composite matrices. Low toughness is a major drawback with most cross linked thermosetting materials, including the cyanate ester networks. Considerable attention has been devoted to the aspect of toughening such brittle networks in our laboratories. Reactive functional thermoplastic toughness modifiers not only enhance toughness but also permit highly desirable stability to solvent stress cracking without seriously affecting the moderately high modulus. We have earlier reported on various aspects of this technology as applied to epoxy and bismaleimide systems. Careful control of the hetetophase morphological structure is necessary to achieve significant toughening. In the present work, we have focused on modifications of a specific cyanate ester network system based on bisphenol-A with thermoplastic modifiers of varying backbone molecular weight and chemistry. In particular, hydroxyl or cyanato functional bispheno]-A based amorphous poly(arylene ether sulfone)s and poly(arylene ether ketone)s have been successfully utilized. Blends of reactive and non-reactive polysulfones were also demonstrated to be useful tougheners, apparently by allowing phase size control. The use of polyarylene ether ketones (which are of lower polarity than the polyarylene ether sulfones) resulted in larger, well defined morphologies, which in turn afforded tougher networks. It was demonstrated that either hydroxyl or cyanato reactive end groups could be effectively utilized. Both were superior to non-reactive systems in terms of both mechanical performance and solvent stability..
Fluorescent Imaging of Amyloid-β Deposits in Brain: An Overview of Probe Development and a Highlight of the Applications for In Vivo Imaging (2018)

The β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques presented within the brain parenchyma have been widely proved to be one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain is intrinsic and fundamental for disease onset, and much research about the early diagnosis of AD is based on this. A recent development in Aβ detection has focused on the mapping of the molecule events in the brain using an exquisite, noninvasive, and inexpensive optical imaging technique, which has stimulated the rapid development of Aβ-specific fluorescent probes. Among them, nearinfrared (NIR) fluorophores have gained adequate attention due to the weak light attenuation in tissues and avoidance from auto-fluorescence of biological matter. In this review, we showcase the current developments of fluorescent probes that are subject to in vitro or in vivo detection of Aβ plaques in the brain, and give an emphasis on the probes used for in vivo twophoton microscopy and NIR imaging by highlighting their biological and photochemical properties.
Lignin triggers irreversible cellulase loss during pretreated lignocellulosic biomass saccharification (2014)

Our findings aid in further understanding the complex mechanisms of non-productive binding of cellulases to pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Developing optimized pretreatment processes with reduced or modified lignin content to minimize non-productive enzyme binding or engineering pretreatment-specific, low-lignin binding cellulases will improve enzyme specific activity, facilitate enzyme recycling, and thereby permit production of cheaper biofuels.
Networks for image analysis: motion and texture (1989)

This study outlines certain difficult problems in image processing and perception that can be solved by simple cooperative and competitive neural interactions. A scheme for measuring local image velocity in a way that is disambiguated from the form of the moving object and from the aperture through which it is observed is discussed. A basic theorem is introduced, called the spectral coplanarity theorem, which shows how cooperation and competition in a winner-take-all network allows the outputs of neurophysiologically measured spatiotemporal filters to be combined to yield velocity information independent of the form of a moving object or its contour. The classical concept of a neural receptive field is generalized to the concept of a velocity receptive field, in which inputs are summated along an inclined plane in a 3-D space of linear filters that are tuned (as striate cortical neurons are) to orientation, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production of haploid plants of maize /Zea mays L./ through androgenesis (1985)

Cytologically verified ândrogenetic haploid plants were re generated from anthers of Sarhad Yellow, a maize variety of Pakistani origin, cultured on the modified yp medium of GENOVESI and COLLINS /1982/. A 14-day pretreatment of the tassels with liquid Ng medium at 8 C in the dark -proved to be favourable to the ândrogenetic callus and embryoid formation. In pretreated anther cultures the highest induction frequency was shown by uninucleate microspores synchronized before the pollen mitosis I /2.38%/.
Precision spectroscopy with reactor antineutrinos (2004)

In this work we present an accurate parameterization of the antineutrino flux produced by the isotopes $^{235}\mathrm{U}$, $^{239}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}$, and $^{241}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{u}$ in nuclear reactors. We determine the coefficients of this parameterization, as well as their covariance matrix, by performing a fit to spectra inferred from experimentally measured beta spectra. Subsequently we show that flux shape uncertainties play only a minor role in the KamLAND experiment, however, we find that future reactor-neutrino experiments to measure the mixing angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}$ are sensitive to the fine details of the reactor-neutrino spectra. Finally, we investigate the possibility to determine the isotopic composition in nuclear reactors through an antineutrino measurement. We find that with a three month exposure of a 1 ton detector the isotope fractions and the thermal reactor power can be determined at a few percent accuracy, which may open the possibility of an application for safeguard or nonproliferation objectives.
The World According to Sound (2001)

Through the analysis of Walkman use I propose a reevaluation of the significance of the auditory in everyday experience. I argue that the role of sound has been largely ignored in the literature on media and everyday life resulting in systematic distortions of the meanings attached to much everyday behaviour. Sound as opposed to vision becomes the site of investigation of everyday life in this article. In focusing thus, I draw upon a range of neglected texts in order to provide a dialectical account of auditory and technologically mediated experience that avoids reductive and dichotomous categories of explanation. I propose a new evaluation of the relational nature of auditory experience whereby users manage their cognition, interpersonal behaviour and social space. The Walkman is perceived as a tool whereby users manage space, time and the boundaries around the self.
Recognition of Video Text through Temporal Integration (2013)

This paper presents a method for temporal integration, which can be used to improve the recognition accuracy of video texts. Given a word detected in a video frame, we use a combination of Stroke Width Transform and SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) to track it both backward and forward in time. The text instances within the word's frame span are then extracted and aligned at pixel level. In the second step, we integrate these instances into a text probability map. By thresholding this map, we obtain an initial binarization of the word. In the final step, the shapes of the characters are refined using the intensity values. This helps to preserve the distinctive character features (e.g., sharp edges and holes), which are useful for OCR engines to distinguish between the different character classes. Experiments on English and German videos show that the proposed method outperforms existing ones in terms of recognition accuracy.
Novel strategies to mimic transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-dependent activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (2017)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is known to mediate immune suppression and tissue regeneration. Interestingly, the transmembrane form of tumor necrosis factor (tmTNF) is necessary to robustly activate TNFR2. To characterize the stoichiometry and composition of tmTNF during TNFR2 activation, we constructed differently oligomerized single chain TNF ligands (scTNF) comprised of three TNF homology domain (THD) protomers that mimic tmTNF. Using a variety of cellular and in vivo assays, we can show that higher oligomerization of the scTNF trimers results in more efficient TNF/TNFR2 clustering and subsequent signal transduction. Importantly, the three-dimensional orientation of the scTNF trimers impacts the bioactivity of the oligomerized scTNF ligands. Our data unravel the organization of tmTNF-mimetic scTNF ligands capable of robustly activating TNFR2 and introduce novel TNFR2 agonists that hold promise as therapeutics to treat a variety of diseases.
Expression, purification and characterisation of a functional phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C‐δ<sub>1</sub> protein in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

Inositol-lipid-specific phospholipase C-delta 1 (PtdIns-PLC delta 1) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein containing a short 22-amino-acid lac-Z-derived amino terminus. Under appropriate conditions, the phospholipase constituted approximately 0.2% of the detergent-soluble protein and could be purified to near homogeneity in a simple three step protocol. The catalytic properties of the purified enzyme closely resemble those of the eukaryote-derived protein. The suitability of bacterial expression for the investigation of PtdIns-PLC delta regulation is discussed.
Altered endochondral bone development in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice (2004)

The assembly and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are crucial processes during bone development. In this study, we show that ECM remodeling is a critical rate-limiting step in endochondral bone formation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (collagenase 3) is poised to play a crucial role in bone formation and remodeling because of its expression both in terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and in osteoblasts. Moreover, a mutation in the human MMP13 gene causes the Missouri variant of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Inactivation of Mmp13 in mice through homologous recombination led to abnormal skeletal growth plate development. Chondrocytes differentiated normally but their exit from the growth plate was delayed. The severity of the Mmp13- null growth plate phenotype increased until about 5 weeks and completely resolved by 12 weeks of age. Mmp13-null mice had increased trabecular bone, which persisted for months. Conditional inactivation of Mmp13 in chondrocytes and osteoblasts showed that increases in trabecular bone occur independently of the improper cartilage ECM degradation caused by Mmp13 deficiency in late hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our studies identified the two major components of the cartilage ECM, collagen type II and aggrecan, as in vivo substrates for MMP13. We found that degradation of cartilage collagen and aggrecan is a coordinated process in which MMP13 works synergistically with MMP9. Mice lacking both MMP13 and MMP9 had severely impaired endochondral bone, characterized by diminished ECM remodeling, prolonged chondrocyte survival, delayed vascular recruitment and defective trabecular bone formation (resulting in drastically shortened bones). These data support the hypothesis that proper ECM remodeling is the dominant rate-limiting process for programmed cell death, angiogenesis and osteoblast recruitment during normal skeletal morphogenesis.
Chemical composition of antlers from wapiti (Cervus elaphus) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical composition of antlers from wapiti (Cervus elaphus)Hoon H. Sunwoo, Takuo Nakano, Robert J. Hudson, and Jeong S. SimCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 11, 2846–2849Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00059a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views484Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Particle Size Polydispersity in Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

Starting from three-dimensional X-ray tomography data of a commercial LiMn2O4 battery electrode, the effect of microstructure on the electrochemical and chemo-mechanical response of lithium-ion batteries is analyzed. Simulations show that particle size polydispersity impact the local chemical and electrical behavior of a porous electrode, while particle-particle mechanical interactions favor intercalation induced stress accumulation, resulting in a mechanically unreliable electrode microstructure. Simulations based on computer-generated electrode microstructures demonstrate that broad particle size distributions deliver up to two times higher energy density than monodisperse-sized particles based electrodes for low C-rates. However, monodisperse particle size distribution electrodes deliver the highest energy and power density for high discharge rates due to a higher surface area of reactive material per unit volume. Calculations show that the surface roughness in experimentally determined electrodes is 2.5 times higher than the one delivered by perfectly smooth spherical particles in computer generated electrodes, and provide high instantaneous power performance, but accelerate side reactions that impact negatively on power performance. The combined experimental and modeling approach demonstrates that porous electrodes with spatially uniform microstructural features improve electrochemical performance and mechanical reliability, especially for high power density applications.
Completion fluids: a generic overview. Part 2 (1983)

This work defines how clean completion fluids should be obtained onsite by implementing cleaner operational practices and using progressive solids removal steps, so that final fine filtration can be effective. Several current final filtration techniques are discussed and evaluated. Due to the variability in solids loading during completion operations, a number of solids removal steps are recommended to enhance the filtration process toward a solids-free system. In order of descending particle size removal, the equipment needed includes a shale shaker, settling tank, desilter, centrifugal separator, and final polishing filters. 25 references.
Dimension Changes in a Chemomechanical Polymer Containing Ethylenediamine and Alkyl Functions as Selective Recognition Units (2005)

Abstract Treatment of polymethyl methacrylate with dodecylamine and diethylenetriamine produces a chemomechanical polymer, which undergoes large macroscopic motions as a result of selective recognition of substrates (effectors) in the surrounding aqueous solution. The kinetics of these fully reversible expansions and contractions are compared to those of effector absorption and desorption. The expansion correlates with a polymer particle weight increase, which is in turn found to be largely a function of the uptake of water necessary for solvation of the effector molecules. The selectivity of the motions depends on the nature and placement of the effector ionic sites, and also on the size and nature of the organic residues. Ion pairing between the protonated amine functions and inorganic anions or anionic groups of organic effectors plays a decisive role. The large effects seen with aromatic effectors such as nucleotides, in contrast with saturated analogues, point to cation–π and C–H–π interactions as essential elements for the distinction between different effectors, including isomeric compounds. The material exhibits symmetric expansion/pH profiles, which depend distinctly on the ionic strength of the solution. The strong dependence of the motions not only on the applied pH, but also on the concentrations of two simultaneously active effectors, such as AMP and phosphate, present chemically induced logical gate functions; this is tentatively explained by a two‐site binding model. In contrast, the large expansions produced by simultaneous action of, for example, copper or zinc and amino acids or peptides are due to co‐complexation between the metal ions and known organic chelators. With such ternary complexes, volume expansions by factors of up to 15 are possible with effector concentrations as low as 0.25 m M . The sensitivity can be further increased by miniaturization of the polymer particles; the velocity of the response can be optimized by increasing the surface‐to‐volume ratio. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Notes - Sulfonation of Ethyl γ-Phenylbutyrate with Sulfuric Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Sulfonation of Ethyl γ-Phenylbutyrate with Sulfuric AcidJesse Hwa and William FlemingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 9, 1106–1107Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online23 April 2003Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01360a601https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01360a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current Trends in the Study of Bacterial and Viral Fish and Shrimp Diseases (2004)

Bacterial Diseases of Fish -- Where Do We Go From Here? (A C Barnes & A E Ellis) Viruses of Fish (T D Lewis & J C Leong) Innate Immune Recognition of Pathogens in Teleost Fish (K V Ewart & S C M Tsoi) Molecular Mechanisms of Interactions Between Aeromonas hydrophila and Hosts (R Gavin et al.) Molecular Mechanisms of Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Vibrio anguillarum and Fish (J H Crosa & T Welch) Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of White Spot Syndrome Virus (C-F Lo et al.) Genomics and Proteomics Approach to Identify the Bacterial Virulence Factors (Y P Tan et al.) Use of Genomics and Proteomics to Study White Spot Syndrome Virus (X-B Zhang et al.) Comparative Genomics to Decipher Host-Pathogen Interactions (T Aoki) Virus-Host Interactions of White Spot Syndrome Virus (D Zuidema et al.) Use of Molecular Diagnostics Test in Disease Control: Making the Leap from Laboratory Development to Field Application (C O Cunningham) Current Trends in Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development for Viral Diseases of Fish (S LaPatra et al.) Role of Probiotics in Fish Disease Prevention (H Birkbeck)
New Standard Housing Footings in Victoria (1981)

The major cause of foundation failures in domestic structures in Melbourne is the excessive movement of expansive clays. Compressible subsoils such as loose fill, soft alluvium or loose aeolian deposits, also occasionally lead to failures. Recent research at the CSIRO Division of Building Research and Swinburne Institute of Technology has led to improvements in the design of foundations to resist expansive clay movements. These studies have resulted in revision of the Victorian Uniform Building Regulations. Since August 1980, sites for standard slabs or strip footings are required to be classified as stable, intermediate or unstable on the basis of their potential expansive movement. The regulations now specify standard footing and slab designs to suit these site classifications. This paper discusses the method of site classification, and the standard foundation specifications.