gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Issues in NiSi-gated FDSOI device integration (2004)

Thin-body fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) devices with NiSi metal gates were fabricated with gate lengths down to 20 nm. Specific issues in the integration of the NiSi-gated FDSOI devices were investigated, in particular: gate CMP, the phase stability of the nickel silicide, and parasitic resistance.
Alteration of the Cell Wall of Haemophilus influenzae Type b by Transformation with Cloned DNA: Association with Attenuated Virulence (1985)

A virulent strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b was used to construct a lambda library of chromosomal DNA in Charon 4, amplified in Escherichia coli. From this library a recombinant (I-69) phage was isolated that contained a 10.2-kilobase-pair fragment of DNA eliciting H. influenzae transformants whose colonies had a distinctive opaque phenotype. Compared with their H. influenzae parent strains the opaque I-69 transformants had two defined cell wall alterations: one in the lipopolysaccharide (greater mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and one in the outer membrane proteins. The I-69 transformant of virulent type b strain Rd-/b+ had stable expression of type b capsule. In contrast to strain Rd-/b+, the Rd-/b+/I-69 transformant was serum sensitive in vitro and avirulent in vivo in rats. Thus the potential of H. influenzae type b organisms to cause invasive infection can be substantially attenuated by altering the expression of one or more genes that affect the cell wall composition.
Long-Range Incommensurate Charge Fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>6+</sub> <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> (2012)

The concept that superconductivity competes with other orders in cuprate superconductors has become increasingly apparent, but obtaining direct evidence with bulk-sensitive probes is challenging. We have used resonant soft x-ray scattering to identify two-dimensional charge fluctuations with an incommensurate periodicity of ~3.2 lattice units in the copper-oxide planes of the superconductors (Y,Nd)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x), with hole concentrations of 0.09 to 0.13 per planar Cu ion. The intensity and correlation length of the fluctuation signal increase strongly upon cooling down to the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)); further cooling below T(c) abruptly reverses the divergence of the charge correlations. In combination with earlier observations of a large gap in the spin excitation spectrum, these data indicate an incipient charge density wave instability that competes with superconductivity.
Evaluation and improvement of LAMP assays for detection of<i> Escherichia coli</i> serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 (2018)

In conclusion, the LAMP assays were highly susceptible to non-specific amplification caused by primer dimers, and these modified methods were free of non-specific amplification and can rapidly and reliably detect the seven major Shiga toxin-producing <i>E. coli</i> serogroups.
Angular Dependence of Optical Properties of Homogeneous Glasses (1991)

This paper presenls an algorithm to determine the angular dependence of the transmittance and reflectance of homogeneous glazing layers given the reflectance and transmittance at normal incidence, the wavelength, and the thickness.For the commonly used solar and visible properties, ''typical'' wavelengths are presenled that can be used with this procedure to approximate these wavelengthinlegrated properties.Theoretical calculations have shown that the absolule error of this approximation is less than 1.5% for most clear, low-iron, and absorbing glasses.Existing approximations can yield absolule errors up to 15%.This new approximation can be used with computer programs that calculate energy fluxes through glazing(s) based on the glazing thickness and optical properties at normal incidence.
Lead shot in Bewick's Swans (1973)

The totally protected Bewick's Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii population was found by X-ray to have 34% of its individuals carrying shot in their tissues, a proportion not dissimilar to that in quarry species. A good deal of the shot appeared to have been received between the first and second winters. A higher level still was found in adults at least 5 years old. This may reflect changes in shooting regulations in part of the range. The effect of this illegal shooting is examined. The effectiveness of species by species legislation is questioned.
High-Performance Distributed Video Content Analysis with Parallel-Horus (2007)

As the world uses more digital video that requires greater storage space, grid computing is becoming indispensable for urgent problems in multimedia content analysis. Parallel-Horus, a support tool for applications in multimedia grid computing, lets users implement multimedia applications as sequential programs for efficient execution on clusters and grids, based on wide-area multimedia services.
ARQ protocols for bi-directional data transmission (2002)

Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols are discussed so far to analyze the buffer size and the delay required for two peer processes. However, ARQ protocols in group communications are not discussed, where multiple senders send packets to multiple receivers. In the group communication protocols, acknowledgments of packets received are piggy-backed by packets. Hence, the forward and feedback channels are considered to be combined to one bi-directional channel. In addition, since each process has the buffer both for retransmitting and for resequencing packets sent and received, efficient buffer allocation schemes have to be adopted. In this paper, we analyze the throughput of the ARQ protocol for the group communications.
Autonomous Voltage Control for Grid Operation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Modern power grids are experiencing grand challenges caused by the stochastic and dynamic nature of growing renewable energy and demand response. Traditional theoretical assumptions and operational rules may be violated, which are difficult to be adapted by existing control systems due to the lack of computational power and accurate grid models for use in real time, leading to growing concerns in the secure and economic operation of the power grid. Existing operational control actions are typically determined offline, which are less optimized. This paper presents a novel paradigm, Grid Mind, for autonomous grid operational controls using deep reinforcement learning. The proposed AI agent for voltage control can learn its control policy through interactions with massive offline simulations, and adapts its behavior to new changes including not only load/generation variations but also topological changes. A properly trained agent is tested on the IEEE 14-bus system with tens of thousands of scenarios, and promising performance is demonstrated in applying autonomous voltage controls for secure grid operation.
Introduction (2008)

At the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit held in Australia during September 2007, U.S. President George W. Bush addressed an audience of Pacific Rim business elite to discuss the war on terror, while Chinese President Hu Jintao talked about the business opportunities that China's growth was producing. One reporter captured this moment and suggested that the messages "underscore how Washington and Beijing are now being perceived in the Asia-Pacific region, where the U.S. role seems to be slipping, while China is seen as the power of the future." According him, "The terrorist attacks in 2001 and the war in Iraq drew Washington's attention from Asia, … just as China's historic reemergence gained critical mass."1 This suggestion echoed the observation of an article two years earlier: "At gatherings such as APEC's annual summit, the US is suddenly no longer the only power to which lesser nations pay tribute. Strengthened by the relentless growth of its economy, China wields more influence among its Asian neighbors with every passing year."2
Pre‐clinical evidence for the use of phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms (2006)

These results show that PDE-5 is expressed in LUT tissues. PDE-5 inhibitors induced significant relaxation of these tissues, inhibited the proliferation of human prostate stromal cells and reduced the irritative symptoms of BPH/LUTS in vivo. Therefore, PDE-5 inhibitors could be used as an effective treatment for BPH/LUTS.
Unbiased adaptive feedback cancellation in hearing aids by closed-loop identification (2006)

Hearing aid users often suffer from feedback which causes "howling" and limits the maximum stable gain. The direct method of adaptive feedback cancellation is widely used to mitigate feedback, however it is less effective for high forward path gains due to the inherent bias in the feedback path estimate. This bias can be reduced at the expense of artificial delays which can potentially introduce pre-echo and "comb filter" effects. The direct method also tends to cancel tonal audio signals such as alarms and music. We propose using a system identification method in closed-loop for unbiased feedback cancellation which does not possess the negative characteristics manifested by the direct method, but uses an identification signal. The two-stage method which employs two adaptive filters, one to identify the entire closed-loop, and another to extract the feedback path response was the preferred unbiased method due to its low computation and good feedback identification particularly during "howling." This paper presents the theory of the proposed new method, and computer simulations which demonstrate its advantages over the widely used direct method.
Suzuki Couplings with Phthalimidines - An Efficient Route to Staurosporinone Analogs (1997)

Absract-Staurosporinone analogs have been prepared by an efficient processThe key step is a palladium mediated Suzuki coupling between a bromophthalimidine and an aromatic boronic acid.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Diplexer Based on Circular Triplet Combline Filters (2015)

The design of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers, based on combline triplet sections with transmission zeros (TZs) placed below and above the passband, is presented. In order to control the location of the TZs, positive and negative couplings are conveniently provided. A highly compact implementation based on circular substrate integrated coaxial resonators is proposed. An X-band diplexer with channel center frequencies at 9.5 and 10.5 GHz and absolute bandwidths of 400 MHz is designed. The structure shows important advantages in terms of size reduction, while keeping good insertion losses as well as high rejection and isolation levels.
Fast fading channel estimation in multicarrier-CDMA systems (2002)

A novel channel estimation algorithm for a fast fading channel in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems is proposed. The estimation algorithm considers the interchannel interference (ICI). With the channel estimation, the system performance in terms of the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SIR) is analyzed. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation algorithm.
Low-dose spironolactone, added to long-term ACE inhibitor therapy, reduces blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in obese patients with hypertensive target organ damage (2009)

For some hypertensive patients, conventional blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers does not adequately protect against target organ damage. This may be particularly true for hypertensive patients with obesity, a condition often associated with elevated aldosterone levels.We conducted a pre-post study of fixed, low-dose spironolactone (12.5 mg/d), added to chronic ACE inhibitor-based antihypertension regimens, in obese subjects with essential hypertension and preexistent target organ damage. Outcomes of interest were changes in blood pressure (office, 24-h, and nocturnal), urinary albumin excretion, and potassium.21 subjects with mean age 57.3 +/- 7.1 years, BMI 32.4 +/- 3.4 kg/m2 and 12.0 +/- 7.0 years of antihypertensive therapy were enrolled. The mean aldosterone level before spironolactone treatment was 10.1 +/- 7.3 ng/dl, and over 40% of subjects had baseline levels greater than mean population levels. During 4 weeks of low-dose spironolactone, mean office (110.6 +/- 7.8 to 105.0 +/- 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.004), 24-hour ambulatory (100.6 +/- 9.4 to 95.5 +/- 7.1 mmHg, p = 0.03) and nocturnal (95.3 +/- 11.5 to 87.5 +/- 8.2, p = 0.004) blood pressures all declined significantly. Log urine albumin : creatinine ratios also significantly dropped during spironolactone treatment (p = 0.002); in multivariate analysis, this decline did not appear to be due to changes in blood pressure but was influenced by concomitant changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Both the reductions in blood pressure and albumin excretion reversed after withdrawal of spironolactone. Serum potassium levels were essentially unchanged by low-dose spironolactone (p = 0.9).A fixed, low-dose of spironolactone, added to chronic ACE inhibitor therapy, reduced blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in obese subjects with hypertension and preexistent target organ damage. A relative hyperaldosteronism due to aldosterone escape and/or obesity may explain the beneficial effects of spironolactone therapy in this study.
Parallel simulation of two-phase flow problems using the finite element method (1999)

Parallel computation of unsteady, two-phase flow problems are performed using stabilized finite element method. The finite element formulations are written for fix meshes and are based on the Navier-Stokes equations and an advection equation governing the motion of the interface function. The interface function, with two distinct values serve as an marker identifying each fluid This function is advected with fluid velocity through out the computational domain. To increase the accuracy of the method, an interface-sharpening/mass conservation algorithm is designed. The method has been implemented on the CRAY T3E and also IBM SP/6000 using the MPI libraries. We show the effectiveness of the method in simulating complex 3D problems, such as two-fluid interface in a centrifuge tube, operation stability of a partially-filled tanker truck driving over a bump and hydrodynamics stability of ships.
Clipping on COFDM with phase on demand (2003)

This letter presents a simple and effective peak reduction method to achieve a desired peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The method is called phase on demand in which a fixed phase vector is added to input vectors only if it helps reduce the peak of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal otherwise no phase is added. Repeated clipping and filtering is applied whenever the PAPR exceeds a desired value. To avoid sending side information about the phase, a maximum-likelihood phase detector is derived. Simulation results show that the new method is an efficient peak reduction technique for coded OFDM (COFDM).
Impacts of Management Intensity and Harvesting Practices on Long-term Forest Resource Sustainability in Georgia (2009)

Using a spatially explicit forest management model called OPTIONS simulation analyses are conducted to investigate the impact of intensive management practices, rotation age, and harvest level on long-term wood production, harvest opportunities, and resource sustainability. The initial forest inventory is compiled from datasets of the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory Analysis Unit, various GIS data, Landsat thematic mapper imagery, and simplified assumptions about the spatial distribution of different forest cover types. The parameters of the model are determined from published and unpublished literature, and from interviews with experts in the area of forest management in the Southeastern US. The sensitivity analyses reveal the impacts of the individual factors of the intensive managed pine plantation (IMP), rotation age, and harvest level, and of the interaction of these factors on the sustainability of the forest resource production under the condition of a 4% net reduction in the forestland area. The results of the analyses suggest that IMP acreage and rotation length are key factors in sustaining an increased harvest level. The volume available for harvest increases with an increasing rate of transition to intensively managed pine plantations (IMPs rate) for each harvest level and rotation age. Even a reduced forestland (4% net reduction) in Georgia can easily sustain the current level of harvest with the current level of intensive pine plantation management for short and medium rotation ages. Increased pine plantation management intensity could lead to sustainable or even increased future wood production despite a decline in the forestland base and an increased wood demand. Timber growth would exceed removals in most of the projection period. Throughout the projections the distribution of the harvestable volume by species group shows that the traditionally managed pine plantations (PSOF) contributes to the largest share of the total harvestable volume. The distribution of the harvest by species group indicates that the harvest come mainly from PSOF and IMP. The merits of definitions of the scenarios in this study are discussed and compared with those used in the subregional timber supply (SRTS) modeling.
Futexes Are Tricky (2004)

Starting with early version of the 2.5 series, the Linux kernel contains a light-weight method for process synchronization. It is used in the modern thread library implementation but is also useful when used directly. This article introduces the concept and user level code to use them. 1 Preface The base reference for futexes has been “Fuss, Futexes and Furwocks: Fast User Level Locking in Linux” written by Franke, Russell, and Kirkwood, released in the proceedings of the 2002 OLS [1]. This document is still mostly valid. But the kernel functionality got extended and generally improved. The biggest weakness, though, is the lack of instruction on how to use futexes correctly. Rusty Russell distributes a package containing user level code (ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/) but unfortunately this code is not very well documented and worse, as of this writing the code is actually incorrect.
Reducing Complexity in Management of eScience Computations (2012)

In this paper we address reduction of complexity in management of scientific computations in distributed computing environments. We explore an approach based on separation of computation design (application development) and distributed execution of computations, and investigate best practices for construction of virtual infrastructures for computational science - software systems that abstract and virtualize the processes of managing scientific computations on heterogeneous distributed resource systems. As a result we present StratUm, a toolkit for management of eScience computations. To illustrate use of the toolkit, we present it in the context of a case study where we extend the capabilities of an existing kinetic Monte Carlo software framework to utilize distributed computational resources. The case study illustrates a viable design pattern for construction of virtual infrastructures for distributed scientific computing. The resulting infrastructure is evaluated using a computational experiment from molecular systems biology.
Distinction between peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme and acyl‐CoA oxidase deficiencies (1995)

The clinical distinction between patients with a disorder of peroxisome assembly (e.g., Zellweger syndrome) and those with a defect in a peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzyme can be difficult. We studied 29 patients suspected of belonging to the latter group. Using complementation analysis, 24 were found to be deficient in enoylcoenzyme A hydratase/3-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme and 5 were deficient in acyl-CoA oxidase. Elevated plasma very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), impaired fibroblast VLCFA beta-oxidation, decreased fibroblast phytanic acid oxidation, normal plasmalogen synthesis, normal plasma L-pipecolic acid level, and normal subcellular catalase distribution were characteristic findings in both disorders. The elevation in plasma VLCFA levels and impairment in fibroblast VLCFA beta-oxidation were more severe in bifunctional-deficient than in oxidase-deficient patients. The clinical course in bifunctional deficiency (profound hypotonia, neonatal seizures, dysmorphic features, age at death approximately 9 months) was more severe than in oxidase deficiency (moderate hypotonia without dysmorphic features, development of a leukodystrophy, age at death approximately 4 yr). Based on these findings, accurate early diagnosis of these deficiencies of peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes is possible.
Domain Adaptation Using Adversarial Learning for Autonomous Navigation (2017)

Autonomous navigation has become an increasingly popular machine learning application. Recent advances in deep learning have also resulted in great improvements to autonomous navigation. However, prior outdoor autonomous navigation depends on various expensive sensors or large amounts of real labeled data which is difficult to acquire and sometimes erroneous. The objective of this study is to train an autonomous navigation model that uses a simulator (instead of real labeled data) and an inexpensive monocular camera. In order to exploit the simulator satisfactorily, our proposed method is based on domain adaptation with adversarial learning. Specifically, we propose our model with 1) a dilated residual block in the generator, 2) cycle loss, and 3) style loss to improve the adversarial learning performance for satisfactory domain adaptation. In addition, we perform a theoretical analysis that supports the justification of our proposed method. We present empirical results of navigation in outdoor courses with various intersections using a commercial radio controlled car. We observe that our proposed method allows us to learn a favorable navigation model by generating images with realistic textures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to apply domain adaptation with adversarial learning to autonomous navigation in real outdoor environments. Our proposed method can also be applied to precise image generation or other robotic tasks.
In vivo continuous monitoring of ionized calcium in dogs using ion sensitive field effect transistors (1981)

The authors have used calcium ion (Ca++) sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) probes to monitor in vivo changes in Ca++ activity in the venous blood of dogs in response to infusions of sodium citrate or calcium chloride. During eight experiments, Ca++ activity changes were monitored in response to sodium citrate infusions simulating infusion of 1, 2, or 4 units of citrate preserved blood per 6 min. The ISFET probe recorded decreases in Ca++ activity during all infusions. Periodic serum samples were analyzed off-line using an in vitro ion selective electrode instrument. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences between off-line sample and ISFET Ca++ activities (p greater than 0.05). A second experiment tested the use of the Ca++ ISFET as a control sensor for maintaining a desired Ca++ level. These studies provided a range of Ca++ activity values for comparison of off-line and ISFET values. Infusion rates of sodium citrate or calcium chloride needed to maintain venous Ca++ activity at 1.0 mEq/L or 3.0 mEq/L for periods of 30 min ranged from 440 to less than 1 mg/min during maintenance periods. Observation of hemodynamics during the calcium ion control maneuvers suggests that calcium ion may be used to improve cardiovascular performance during critical care situations that involve cardiovascular instability.