gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Integrin GPIIb/IIIa: Structure‐Function Correlations. An Update and Lessons from Other Integrins<sup>2</sup> (1999)

Abstract. Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex (integrin α IIb β 3 ) is the most abundant platelet receptor. It serves as an inducible receptor for adhesive proteins and is the best‐studied member of the integrin family. Its major global structural features have been elucidated mainly during the last decade. Since 1995, there has been a substantial increase in structural information on adhesion molecule domains. The crystal structures of isolated integrin I domains have been solved. Although a high resolution picture of a whole integrin molecule is not yet available, the crystal structures together with biochemical, mutagenesis and modeling data provide a useful framework for interpreting current experimental evidence on structure‐function correlations of integrin molecules and for guiding further experiment. The aim of this minireview is to update a previous one summarizing recent (1995–98) functional and structural data of GPIIb/IIIa and other integrins in the perspective of an emerging model of the structure, and bidirectional signaling mechanism through, integrin α IIb β 3 .
Antibacterial Activity of Amchur (Dried Pulp of Unripe Mangifera indica) Extracts on Some Indigenous Oral Microbiota Causing Dental Caries (2009)

The antibacterial activity of amchur (dried pulp of unripe Mangifera indica) extract (50% ethanol) was tested against ten bacterial strains causing dental plaque by agar well diffusion method. The crude extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting both the groups of Gram-positive & Gram-negative bacteria. The extract was most effective against Bacillus sp., followed by Staphylococcus mutans and Pseudomonas sp., whereas Halobacterium sp. was found to be the most resistant. Chlorhexidine (present in mouthwashes to prevent infection of dental caries) was used as a positive control. Natural extract of amchur was found to be more effective as compared to chlorhexidine. This study shows the potential of amchur in the treatment of dental caries.
Treatment of infections (2001)

In those who are severely immunosuppressed the treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections remains important.

This article has been adapted from the forthcoming 5th edition of ABC of AIDS. The book will be available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/ 

Nowadays Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia most commonly occurs in those at risk of HIV infection who fail to take adequate prophylaxis or in those who are newly diagnosed with advanced disease, where it is frequently the presenting illness.

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Chest x ray appearance of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia showing interstitial infiltrates

Clinical suspicion is aroused early in patients who are under regular medical supervision, leading to earlier diagnosis. Later diagnosis is asssociated with more severe disease and poorer treatment outcome. Techniques of diagnosis include sputum induction with nebulised saline; this obviates the need for bronchoscopy but the diagnostic sensitivity is lower. The use of lavage alone at bronchoscopy avoids transbronchial biopsy with its complications of haemorrhage and pneumothorax. Exercise oximetry and alternative imaging techniques with radiolabelled compounds are also being used in diagnosis. Monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis proteins and sensitive DNA probes have been developed but have yet to reach the bedside. In the absence of a confirmatory test, a presumptive diagnosis may be made based on the clinical presentation and chest x ray appearances in a patient severely immunosuppressed and at risk.

Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is essential after a first attack (secondary prophylaxis) but is also recommended for all patients once their CD4 cell counts falls below 200×106/l (primary prophylaxis). The risk of a first episode of infection below this CD4 count level in patients not on antiretroviral therapy is estimated to be 18% at 12 months for those who are asymptomatic, rising to 44% for those who have early symptomatic disease (eg oral candida, fever). Co-trimoxazole …

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Specific In Planta Recognition of Two GKLR Proteins of the Downy Mildew <i>Bremia lactucae</i> Revealed in a Large Effector Screen in Lettuce (2013)

Breeding lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for resistance to the downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae is mainly achieved by introgression of dominant downy mildew resistance (Dm) genes. New Bremia races quickly render Dm genes ineffective, possibly by mutation of recognized host-translocated effectors or by suppression of effector-triggered immunity. We have previously identified 34 potential RXLR(-like) effector proteins of B. lactucae that were here tested for specific recognition within a collection of 129 B. lactucae-resistant Lactuca lines. Two effectors triggered a hypersensitive response: BLG01 in 52 lines, predominantly L. saligna, and BLG03 in two L. sativa lines containing Dm2 resistance. The N-terminal sequences of BLG01 and BLG03, containing the signal peptide and GKLR variant of the RXLR translocation motif, are not required for in planta recognition but function in effector delivery. The locus responsible for BLG01 recognition maps to the bottom of lettuce chromosome 9, whereas recognition of BLG03 maps in the RGC2 cluster on chromosome 2. Lactuca lines that recognize the BLG effectors are not resistant to Bremia isolate Bl:24 that expresses both BLG genes, suggesting that Bl:24 can suppress the triggered immune responses. In contrast, lettuce segregants displaying Dm2-mediated resistance to Bremia isolate Bl:5 are responsive to BLG03, suggesting that BLG03 is a candidate Avr2 protein.
Discovering Frequent Closed Partial Orders from Strings (2006)

Mining knowledge about ordering from sequence data is an important problem with many applications, such as bioinformatics, Web mining, network management, and intrusion detection. For example, if many customers follow a partial order in their purchases of a series of products, the partial order can be used to predict other related customers' future purchases and develop marketing campaigns. Moreover, some biological sequences (e.g., microarray data) can be clustered based on the partial orders shared by the sequences. Given a set of items, a total order of a subset of items can be represented as a string. A string database is a multiset of strings. In this paper, we identify a novel problem of mining frequent closed partial orders from strings. Frequent closed partial orders capture the nonredundant and interesting ordering information from string databases. Importantly, mining frequent closed partial orders can discover meaningful knowledge that cannot be disclosed by previous data mining techniques. However, the problem of mining frequent closed partial orders is challenging. To tackle the problem, we develop Frecpo (for frequent closed partial order), a practically efficient algorithm for mining the complete set of frequent closed partial orders from large string databases. Several interesting pruning techniques are devised to speed up the search. We report an extensive performance study on both real data sets and synthetic data sets to illustrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of our approach
The Cel Lineage of Neuronal Subtypes in the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex (2007)

We have studied the lineage relationships of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons, the principal neuronal types in the cerebral cortex, using a recombinant retrovirus that carries the gene encoding Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase as a lineage marker. The phenotype of every cell of clones of beta-galactosidase-labelled neurons generated by intraventricular injection of recombinant retrovirus in rat embryos at different stages of cortical neurogenesis was identified using light and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemistry for known markers of neuronal subtypes. We found that clonally related neurons in adult rats showed the same morphological and neurotransmitter phenotypes, suggesting that lineages of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons are specified as early as E14, the time of onset of neurogenesis. However, when we followed the development of cortical cell lineages, we noted that a significant number of neuronal clones showed a mixed pyramidal/nonpyramidal cell composition during the first three weeks of life. We suggest that the change in the composition of neuronal clones between the third week of postnatal life and adulthood may either be due to changes in the phenotype of some developing neurons or, more likely, to selective cell death.
Subverting the adaptive immune resistance mechanism to improve clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (2014)

The correlation between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and clinical responsiveness to the PD-1 blocking antibody nivolumab implicates adaptive immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. We review our findings that tumor cell PD-L1 expression is induced by interferon γ (IFNγ) producing TILs. We provide a mechanistic rationale for combining IFNγ<sup>+</sup> T helper type 1 (Th1)-inducing cancer vaccines with PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.
Fundamentals of physics : extended, with modern physics (1993)

Partial table of contents: Measurement Vectors Motion in Two and Three Dimensions Force and Motion 2 Work and Kinetic Energy Systems of Particles Collisions Rotation Oscillations Gravitation Fluids Waves 1 Temperature The Kinetic Theory of Gases Electric Charge Gauss' Law Electric Potential Circuits The Magnetic Field Ampere's Law Faraday's Law of Induction Magnetism and Matter Alternating Currents Maxwell's Equations Geometrical Optics Interference Diffraction Quantum Physics 1 Quantum Physics 2 All About Atoms Conduction of Electricity in Solids Nuclear Physics Energy from the Nucleus Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang Appendices Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Problems Index.
A speech formant synthesizer based on harmonic + random formant-waveforms representations (1993)

This paper describes a new type of speech synthe sizer a parametric concatenation PACO speech syn thesizer which is suitable both for formant synthe sis and concatenation synthesis This synthesizer is based on a hybrid quasi harmonic and random formant waveforms model of the speech signal The synthesizer can be controlled by acoustic parameters formant pa rameters and voice source parameters expressed in fre quency domain These acoustic parameters are con verted into sinusoidal and formant waveforms parame ters The keypoint of this method is that spectral am plitudes are set according to a parallel formant model both on sinusoidal waveforms and random formant waveforms whereas the spectral phases are set accord ing to a serial formant model for sinusoidal waveforms and are randomly distributed for formant waveforms This approach avoids the phase interference problems inherent to parallel synthesis while keeping the ad vantage of formant amplitudes control An automatic analysis synthesis system is also proposed for segments coding Our model has been successfully implemented both as a formant synthesis system and in a concate nation synthesis Text To Speech system keywords Speech synthesis formant and concate nation synthesis harmonic representation random for mant waveforms
Graphite for the nuclear industry (1991)

Graphite finds applications in both fission and fusion reactors. Fission reactors harness the energy liberated when heavy elements, such as uranium or plutonium, fragment or fission''. Reactors of this type have existed for nearly 50 years. The first nuclear fission reactor, Chicago Pile No. 1, was constructed of graphite under a football stand at Stagg Field, University of Chicago. Fusion energy devices will produce power by utilizing the energy produced when isotopes of the element hydrogen are fused together to form helium, the same reaction that powers our sun. The role of graphite is very different in these two reactor systems. Here we summarize the function of the graphite in fission and fusion reactors, detailing the reasons for their selection and discussing some of the challenges associated with their application in nuclear fission and fusion reactors. 10 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.
Density, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity of Eight Carboxylic Acids from (290.3 to 473.4) K (2016)

The density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of eight carboxylic acids (pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, and tetradecanoic acid) were measured at ambient pressure and temperatures ranging from (290.3 to 473.4) K. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of the measurements were estimated to be 0.2 kg·m–3 for the density, 0.04 mPa·s for the viscosity, and 0.003 W·m–1·K–1 for the thermal conductivity (at the 95% level of confidence). The data were correlated using the Rackett equation (in the case of the density) and a modified rough hard-sphere (RHS) model (in the case of the viscosity and thermal conductivity). Generalized forms of the RHS model parameters are presented as functions of the carbon number and temperature.
Using a computer aided graphics system to help design and draft automotive components (1977)

This paper will describe how the Product Engineering Department of an Automotive Accessory Manufacturer, has utilized computer graphics to aid in the design and drafting of a variety of products. It will briefly describe the general justification for obtaining equipment, what equipment is being used, and the organization for using it, and typical applications in both design and drafting. Five problems related to using computer graphics will be discussed followed by a description of three techniques that have been used to improve system efficiency. In closing, it will look at some problems related with using computer graphics as well as its future, as seen from a authors view point.
Coding sequence analysis of GNRHR and GPR54 in patients with congenital and adult-onset forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (2006)

Rare variants in GNRHR are more common than GPR54 in a nIHH population.
Vehicle 6-DoF localization based on SLAM constrained by GPS and digital elevation model information (2013)

Vehicle geo-localization based on monocular visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) remains a challenging issue mainly due to the accumulation errors and scale factor drift. To tackle these limitations, a common solution is to introduce geo-referenced information into the visual SLAM algorithm. In this paper, we propose two different bundle adjustment processes that merge both GPS measurements and “Digital Elevation Model” (DEM) data. Proposed solutions are devoted to ensure an accurate and robust geo-localization in both rural and urban environment. Experiments on synthetic and large scale real sequences show that, in addition to the real-time (i.e. about 30 Hz) performances, we obtain an accurate 6DoF localization.
Endocervical curettage in evaluating abnormal cervical cytology. (2000)

The use of ECC is helpful in detecting disease missed by routine colposcopy and biopsy and is most likely to detect ectocervical disease rather than true endocervical disease. Following treatment, ECC does not appear to be significantly more reliable than the Pap smear in detecting the presence of significant residual disease.
Diagnosing Performance Variations by Comparing Multi-Level Execution Traces (2016)

Tracing allows the analysis of task interactions with each other and with the operating system. Locating performance problems in a trace is not trivial because of their large size. Furthermore, deep knowledge of all components of the observed system is required to decide whether observed behavior is normal. We introduce TraceCompare, a framework that automatically identifies differences between groups of executions of the same task at the user space and kernel levels. Many performance problems manifest themselves as variations that are easily identified by our framework. Our comparison algorithm takes into account all threads that affect the completion time of analyzed executions. Differences are correlated with application code to facilitate the correction of identified problems. Performance characteristics of task executions are represented by a new data structure called enhanced calling context tree (ECCT). We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by presenting four case studies in which TraceCompare was used to uncover serious performance problems in enterprise and open source applications, without any prior knowledge of their codebase. We also show that the overhead of our tracing solution is between 0.2 and 9 percent depending on the type of application.
Polarization and self-polarization in thin PbZr<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>(PZT) films (2001)

The self-polarization effect in ferroelectric thin films has been studied for PZT films 0.5-1 µm thick deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of various ferroelectric ceramic targets (Zr/Ti = 54/46, Zr/Ti = 54/46 + 10% PbO and Zr/Ti = 40/60 + 10% PbO). The laser intensity modulation method has been applied, together with the methods of C-V characteristics and dielectric hysteresis loops, to determine the polarization distribution and evaluate the built-in electric fields in the films. It is shown that the bottom interface of the thin-film Pt-PZT-Pt capacitor structure is the source of self-polarization for a certain technological sequence of structure formation. The self-polarization effect is caused by two factors: (i) n- or p-type conductivity due to oxygen or lead vacancies or other impurities in the films and (ii) high trap density at the bottom interface of the structure.
Human kallikrein 4 (KLK4) is highly expressed in serous ovarian carcinomas. (2001)

Previous studies indicated that a new member of the human kallikrein (KLK) gene family, KLK4, was expressed in prostate, breast, and endometrial carcinoma cell lines and may have potential as a tumor marker. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of KLK4 in the normal ovary and ovarian tumors of different histology, stage, and differentiation and to determine its association with ovarian tumor progression. Using reverse transcription-PCR, Southern blot, and densitometry analyses, we found the level of KLK4 expression was higher in late stage serous (SER) epithelial-derived ovarian carcinomas than in normal ovaries, mucinous epithelial tumors, and granulosa cell tumors. KLK4 was highly expressed in all of the SER ovarian carcinoma cell lines (eight of eight), SER epithelial carcinomas (11 of 11), and two adenomas, whereas it was expressed at a lower level (or not at all) in normal ovaries (four of six), mucinous epithelial tumors (three of four), endometrioid carcinomas (four of five), clear cell carcinomas (two of three), or granulosa cell tumors (three of six). Of particular interest, KLK4 mRNA variants were detected in SER ovarian carcinoma cell lines and primary cultured ovarian tumor cells, but they were not present in normal ovaries. In situ hybridization analysis showed that KLK4 mRNA transcripts are localized to adenocarcinoma cells of ovarian tumor tissues. Similarly, immunohistochemical staining of ovarian carcinoma sections showed immunoreactivity to KLK4 protein product (hK4) antipeptide antibodies. In addition, intracellular hK4 levels, as detected on Western blot analysis, were induced by 100 nM estrogen treatment of the estrogen receptor positive ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, >8-24 h. Our results show that the level of KLK4 expression and expression of KLK4 mRNA variants are associated with progression of ovarian cancer, particularly late stage SER adenocarcinomas. Moreover, hK4 may be a candidate marker for the diagnosis and/or monitoring of ovarian epithelial carcinomas.
Swine performance record litter comparisons (1930)

Swine breeders in this country have been handicapped by not having had a satisfactory basis for the effective selection of their breeding stock. The judging of livestock by experienced men based on visual inspection has been responsible for considerable progress, but it should be supplemented by additional facts in order to determine accurately such essentials as ability to reproduce efficiently, to grow rapidly and to convert a unit of feed into a near-maximum of quality meat and by-products.\nActual records of performance have been used for years as a basis for the breeding of race horses. The dairyman and the poultryman also use records of performance. The regular weighing of the milk from each individual cow and the testing of the fat content of the milk by means of the Babcock test, and the trap-nesting of hens are modern, more fundamental methods of discriminating between desirable and undesirable animals. Swine breeders have not had a record of the performance of their sows and, consequently, have been greatly handicapped.
Analysis and decomposition of spatial variation in integrated circuit processes and devices (1997)

Variation is a key concern in semiconductor manufacturing and is manifest in several forms. Spatial variation across each wafer results from equipment or process limitations, and variation within each die may be exacerbated further by complex pattern dependencies. Spatial variation information is important not only for process optimization and control, but also for design of circuits that are robust to such variation. Systematic and random components of the variation must be identified, and models relating the spatial variation to specific process and pattern causes are needed. In this work, extraction and modeling methods are described for wafer-level, die-level, and wafer-die interaction contributions to spatial variation. Wafer-level estimation methods include filtering, spline, and regression based approaches. Die-level (or intra-die) variation can be extracted using spatial Fourier transform methods; important issues include spectral interpolation and sampling requirements. Finally, the interaction between wafer- and die-level effects is important to fully capture and separate systematic versus random variation; spline- and frequency-based methods are proposed for this modeling. Together, these provide an effective collection of methods to identify and model spatial variation for future use in process control to reduce systematic variation, and in process/device design to produce more robust circuits.
Théorie simplifiée des procédés de transfert inductif à haut rendement (1975)

A l'aide d'un dispositif constitué uniquement par un système d'inductances et de conjoncteurs-disjoncteurs, il est possible de transférer avec un bon rendement l'énergie d'une inductance vers une charge quelconque. L'emploi marginal de condensateurs de faible capacité permet d'obtenir un rendement très élevé.
Covert Robotics: hiding in known environments (2005)

This paper is an extension to a previous work on our research in path planning: Covert Robotics (Amrzouqi and Jarvis, 2003). In this paper, a new application is introduced where the aim is to allow a mobile robot in a known environment to escape the observation of moving sentries. Whether the initial sentries' locations are known or can be predicted, our hiding strategy insures the overall robot covertness for the longest possible time by planning a covert path to an appropriate hiding position in the environment. The Time-to-Exposure algorithm, that is introduced here, is our approach to achieve the hiding strategy. The algorithm gives a value for each free cell specifying the maximum guaranteed time before possible observation by one or more sentries. The same strategy has been tested on a different situation where the robot has continuous information about the moving sentries' locations. The hiding technique was tested using a simulator which shows promising results. A number of test cases are presented.