gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lower critical solution temperature behavior of ethylene propylene copolymers in multicomponent solvents (1986)

Abstract The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) locus for ethylene‐propylene copolymers has been determined as a function of pressure in a variety of single and multicomponent solvents. The lower critical end‐point temperature (LCEP), which is the intersection of the LCST locus with the vapor‐pressure curve, was found to be predictable from the solvent density as previously established for single‐component solvents by Charlet and Delmas. 1 Dissolving a low‐molecular hydrocarbon gas such as propylene in an alkane has a dramatic effect on lowering the LCEP, and can reduce phase‐separation temperatures to levels at which this technique becomes attractive as a practical method for polymer recovery from diluents such as those used in solution polymerizations. Temperatures considerably above the LCEP are needed to minimize the residual polymer concentration in the solvent in the two‐liquid‐phase region. The solvent critical temperature must be approached for essentially complete elimination of the polymer from the solvent phase. The LCST locus was found to be a linear function of pressure for all of the systems investigated, and the slope of the line, d (LCST)/ d P, could be well correlated as a function of solvent density and critical temperature. From the relationship between the LCEP and solvent density and the correlation for d(LCST)/dP, the location of the LCST locus can be readily predicted from a knowledge of solvent properties.
Comment (1976)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1976Comment Fray Marshall Fray MarshallFray Marshall More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)58713-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Comment." The Journal of Urology, 116(1), p. 129 © 1976 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 116Issue 1July 1976Page: 129 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1976 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Fray Marshall More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
DNA shuffling and vaccines. (2001)

One challenge of biotechnology is to find ways to optimize enzymes, cytokines, vaccines or transgenes in new contexts that are typically not found in nature. The approach of DNA shuffling is a test-tube process that takes advantage of recombination to generate libraries of chimeric genes, which can then be screened to identify the encoded proteins improved in one or more functions. DNA shuffling of two or more genes that are structurally similar and homologous in function is particularly efficacious in generating large libraries of functionally novel molecules. Other directed evolution methods, such as those involving directed or random mutagenesis, have several limitations compared to the DNA shuffling recombination process. A wide variety of genes have been submitted to DNA shuffling, and significant improvements in various functional parameters have been obtained. Several examples of the application of DNA shuffling to vaccine development, therapeutics and gene therapy are discussed here.
Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Reduced Renal Function (1981)

Recent novel clinical applications of vancomycin have stimulated reinvestigations of the pharmacologic properties of this drug. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is negligible, and oral administration is appropriate only for patients with certain staphylococcal and clostridial diarrheas. After intravenous administration (the intramuscular route being painful), vancomycin is excreted by glomerular filtration, with virtually total recovery in the urine. Distribution is consistent with a three-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. Serum half-life values are usually greater than 8 min in the distribution phase, 30 min to 1.5 hr in the intermediate phase, and between 5 and 11 hr in the elimination phase. The level of binding to human serum proteins is 55%. Since the relation between the vancomycin clearance and the creatinine clearance (but not the level of creatinine in serum) is linear in both normal and impaired renal function, a nomogram has been prepared that delineates dosages that will produce a mean steady-state concentration in serum of 15 micrograms/ml. Vancomycin penetrates well into pericardial, pleural, synovial, and ascitic fluid in humans, but concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after parenteral administration may be insufficient for the successful treatment of certain cases of meningitis.
Evidence that androgens are the primary steroids produced by <i>Xenopus laevis</i> ovaries and may signal through the classical androgen receptor to promote oocyte maturation (2001)

Steroid-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes has long served as a model for studying meiosis. Progesterone has been considered the relevant steroid controlling maturation, perhaps through interactions with classical progesterone receptors. In this study, we provide evidence that androgens, rather than progesterone, are the physiologic mediators of Xenopus oocyte maturation. Androgens were equal or more potent activators of maturation in vitro relative to progesterone and were significantly more abundant in the serum and ovaries of beta-human chorionic growth hormone-stimulated frogs. Androgen action appeared to be mediated by classical androgen receptors (ARs) expressed in oocytes, as androgen-induced maturation and signaling was specifically attenuated by AR antagonists. Interestingly, we found that progesterone was rapidly converted to the androgen androstenedione in isolated oocytes by the enzyme CYP17, suggesting that androgens may be promoting maturation even under conditions typical for "progesterone-mediated" maturation assays. Androgens are thought to play an important role in ovarian development as well as pathology, and signaling through the AR may prove to be a major regulatory mechanism mediating these processes.
Quantitative determination of magnetic force on a coronary stent in MRI (2012)

The magnetic force on the investigated paramagnetic stents is even smaller than the gravitational force acting on the stents in the Earth's gravity field, so that it has no physiological impact on the stented vessels.
Temperature and hump effect impact on output voltage spread of low power bandgap designed in the sub-threshold area (2011)

Analog circuit designs are often biased to work in sub-threshold mode for low power constraints and for better gate-source voltage matching performances. Depending on process, hump effect may change MOS characteristics for negative Bulk-Source Voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> ) and have a slight impact for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BS</sub> =0V. Actually, even without body effect, hump mainly degrades MOS matching performances in the sub-threshold area with significant temperature dependence. Thus, in order to accurately simulate bandgap performances, modeling of hump effect has to be considered.
Serologic mapping and biochemical characterization of the carcinoembryonic antigen epitopes using fourteen distinct monoclonal antibodies (1989)

A series of 14 monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, Mr 180,000) antibodies (MAbs) that show a strong degree of selective reactivity for human colon carcinomas versus normal adult tissues were used to construct a serological map of the CEA molecule. The MAbs were generated using extracts of colon carcinomas as immunogen and are thus given a COL designation. None of the 14 COL-MAbs tested were reactive with purified non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA, Mr 55,000) from normal lung, although some showed reactivity to human granulocytes. All the COL-MAbs tested were reactive with normal fecal antigen-2 (NFA-2, Mr 170,000); however, many of the COL-MAbs demonstrated a higher affinity constant to CEA than to NFA-2. Cross-competition radioimmunoassays classified the 14 COL-MAbs into 5 groups. The chemical nature of the COL-binding domains was tested using chemically or enzymatically treated CEA; all reacted with periodate-treated CEA and deglycosylated CEA, indicating that the COL-reactive epitopes appear to be of a proteinaceous nature. Heat treatment, reduction, alkylation, pepsin digestion or pronase treatment of CEA, however, gave differential results with respect to COL binding. Antibody titration experiments were carried out to define differential reactivities to colorectal carcinoma versus NCA-containing granulocyte extracts; these results were compared with results obtained using several anti-CEA MAbs that have been used in clinical trials. Granulocyte binding and biochemical studies showed that the COL MAbs may distinguish as many as 7 to 10 CEA epitopes.
Extending the impulse response in order to reduce errors due to impulse noise and signal fading (1988)

A finite impulse response (FIR) digital smearing filter was designed to produce maximum intersymbol interference and maximum extension of the impulse response of the signal in a noiseless binary channel. A matched FIR desmearing filter at the receiver then reduced the intersymbol interference to zero. Signal fades were simulated by means of 100 percent signal blockage in the channel. Smearing and desmearing filters of length 256, 512, and 1024 were used for these simulations. Results indicate that impulse response extension by means of bit smearing appears to be a useful technique for correcting errors due to impulse noise or signal fading in a binary channel.
Expression of thin aggregative fimbriae promotes interaction of Salmonella typhimurium SR-11 with mouse small intestinal epithelial cells (1997)

The factors that mediate binding of Salmonella typhimurium to small intestinal epithelial cells have not been fully characterized. In this paper we demonstrate that elimination of production of thin aggregative fiber by a transposon insertion within the gene encoding the subunit protein of the fiber reduced binding of S. typhimurium SR-11 to a conditionally immortalized proximal small intestinal epithelial cell line established from transgenic mice. This binding defect could be overcome by transcomplementation with a wild-type allele. The conditionally immortalized cell line should prove useful in identifying the epithelial cell receptor for bacterial attachment since expression of its bacterial binding activity can be induced by manipulating the line's proliferative status.
Improved and simple micro assay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans quantification in biological extracts and its use in skin and muscle tissue studies (2003)

This article describes a simple and selective procedure used for direct measurement of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in biological samples and its application to the determination of GAGs during tissue regeneration and myogenic differentiation. We describe a modified procedure of previous GAG assays that has improved specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity. The assay is based on the ability of sulfated GAGs to bind the cationic dye 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue. We describe conditions that allow isolation of the GAG-dye complex. This complex was dissociated; the optical density measurement of the dissociated dye permitted quantification of GAGs in biological samples. Applied to the study of myogenic cell differentiation in vitro, muscle repair, and skin ulceration, this method revealed significant modifications in the patterns of expression of different sulfated GAGs in these tissues. In particular, application of the method after nitrous acid treatment revealed that heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate ratio changed during muscle regeneration process.
LIGA components for the construction of milliactuators (2002)

The demand for miniaturized commercial products like motors, pumps or active catheters presently concentrates on millimeter sized devices which offer sufficient forces or torques for a number of applications in medical technology, data technology as well as consumer electronics. These "milliactuators" form the link between microactuators and conventionally fabricated high precision devices. They still allow mechanical interfaces to macroscopic systems. Since actuator drive principles require appropriate materials to meet specific actuator functions, monolithic techniques are hard to apply although the high precision demands for some critical elements inevitably call for microfabrication methods. The LIGA technique, however, offers a large variety of materials to fabricate components with submicron tolerances. These individual components made from function adapted materials are combined with high precision elements in a microassembly process for the construction of milliactuators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three conformational snapshots of the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase reveal a ratchet translocation mechanism (2009)

A virally encoded superfamily-2 (SF2) helicase (NS3h) is essential for the replication of hepatitis C virus, a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Efforts to elucidate the function of NS3h and to develop inhibitors against it, however, have been hampered by limited understanding of its molecular mechanism. Here we show x-ray crystal structures for a set of NS3h complexes, including ground-state and transition-state ternary complexes captured with ATP mimics (ADP.BeF(3) and ). These structures provide, for the first time, three conformational snapshots demonstrating the molecular basis of action for a SF2 helicase. Upon nucleotide binding, overall domain rotation along with structural transitions in motif V and the bound DNA leads to the release of one base from the substrate base-stacking row and the loss of several interactions between NS3h and the 3' DNA segment. As nucleotide hydrolysis proceeds into the transition state, stretching of a "spring" helix and another overall conformational change couples rearrangement of the (d)NTPase active site to additional hydrogen-bonding between NS3h and DNA. Together with biochemistry, these results demonstrate a "ratchet" mechanism involved in the unidirectional translocation and define the step size of NS3h as one base per nucleotide hydrolysis cycle. These findings suggest feasible strategies for developing specific inhibitors to block the action of this attractive, yet largely unexplored drug target.
Dominance Based Analysis for Large Volume Production Fail Diagnosis (2006)

A procedure for using fault dominance in a large volume diagnosis environment is described. Fault dominance is shown to be useful for reducing the fault simulation time during diagnosis when used together with the concept of pattern dependence and maximally dominating faults. Results for both ISCAS benchmarks and industrial circuits are reported. The results show 9 % to 44% average reduction in the fault simulation time for these circuits
Cellular and molecular insight into the inhibition of primary root growth of Arabidopsis induced by peptaibols, a class of linear peptide antibiotics mainly produced by<i>Trichoderma</i>spp. (2016)

Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents that produce a variety of antibiotics. Peptaibols are a class of linear peptide antibiotics mainly produced by Trichoderma Alamethicin, the most studied peptaibol, is reported as toxic to plants at certain concentrations, while the mechanisms involved are unclear. We illustrated the toxic mechanisms of peptaibols by studying the growth-inhibitory effect of Trichokonin VI (TK VI), a peptaibol from Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, on Arabidopsis primary roots. TK VI inhibited root growth by suppressing cell division and cell elongation, and disrupting root stem cell niche maintenance. TK VI increased auxin content and disrupted auxin response gradients in root tips. Further, we screened the Arabidopsis TK VI-resistant mutant tkr1. tkr1 harbors a point mutation in GORK, which encodes gated outwardly rectifying K(+)channel proteins. This mutation alleviated TK VI-induced suppression of K(+)efflux in roots, thereby stabilizing the auxin gradient. The tkr1 mutant also resisted the phytotoxicity of alamethicin. Our results indicate that GORK channels play a key role in peptaibol-plant interaction and that there is an inter-relationship between GORK channels and maintenance of auxin homeostasis. The cellular and molecular insight into the peptaibol-induced inhibition of plant root growth advances our understanding of Trichoderma-plant interactions.
Ray Optics at a Deep-Subwavelength Scale: A Transformation Optics Approach (2008)

We present a transformation optics approach for molding the light flow at the deep-subwavelength scale, using metamaterials with uniquely designed dispersion. By conformal transformation of the electromagnetic space, we develop a methodology for realizing subwavelength ray optics with curved ray trajectories. This enables deep-subwavelength-scale beams to flow through two- or three-dimensional spaces.
Planar Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Monitoring Of OH In A Spray Flame (1986)

A technique is described for the instantaneous measurement of the two-dimensional distribution of the OH radical in spray flames based on planar laser-induced fluorescence. Sheet illumination is used with the resulting fluorescence imaged at 90° onto an intensified photo-diode array camera. Details of the excitation/detection strategy, experimental apparatus, and detection limits are described, and representative results are presented.
Quality of service control and resource prioritization with Software Defined Networking (2015)

In this study, we aim to analyze how Software Defined Networking (SDN) can help to ensure a high-quality uninterrupted Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service accompanied by video for prioritized users and entities in a network congested with background traffic. Guaranteeing a level of Quality of Service (QoS) and resource prioritization are key concepts for future networks (e.g., 5G, NGSON) and may be required in an emergency situation such as an international disaster recovery operation. Providing QoS in such scenarios with the help of SDN is promisingly feasible, via limiting bandwidth, assigning flows to different queues and/or adapting routing decisions based on network conditions. The experiments conducted throughout the study are the substances of the EC FP7 project OFERTIE and Celtic-Plus project SIGMONA. Here we compared loss rate, latency and the jitter as QoS metrics under several scenarios and results showed that we can flexibly manage the QoS by reducing more than 5% loss rate and more than 50% of latency and jitter.
Assessment of quality of life in children with peanut allergy (2003)

Children with a peanut allergy (PA) are faced with food and social restrictions due to the potentially life-threatening nature of their disease, for which there is no cure or treatment. This inevitably impacts upon their quality of life (QoL). QoL of 20 children with PA and 20 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was measured using two disease-specific QoL questionnaires (higher scores correspond to a poorer QoL). One questionnaire was designed by us and the other was adapted from the Vespid Allergy QoL questionnaire. We gave subjects cameras to record how their QoL is affected over a 24-h period. Response rates for both questionnaires were 100%. Mean ages were 9.0 and 10.4 years for PA and IDDM subjects, respectively. Children with a PA reported a poorer quality of life than children with IDDM: mean scores were 54.85 for PA subjects and 46.40 for diabetics (p = 0.004) in questionnaire 1 and 54.30 and 34.50 (p</=0.001) in questionnaire 2. PA children reported more fear of an adverse event and more anxiety about eating, especially when eating away from home. Photographs fell into seven common categories: food, management, environment, away from home, physical activities, restaurant and people. Most photographs related to food and management issues and revealed difficulties for both groups regarding food restrictions. PA subjects felt more threatened by potential hazards within their environment, felt more restricted by their PA regarding physical activities, and worried more about being away from home. However, they felt safe when carrying epinephrine kits and were positive about eating at familiar restaurants. The QoL in children with PA is more impaired than in children with IDDM. Their anxiety may be considered useful in some situations, promoting better adherence to allergen avoidance advice and rescue plans.
Dynamic Improvement of Locality in Virtual Memory Systems (1976)

Replacement algorithms for virtual memory systems are typically based on temporal measures of locality, while predictive loading and program restructuring are based on spatial measures of locality. This paper suggests some techniques for dynamically improving the spatial locality of a program via predictive loading and virtual space restructuring, and presents the results of applying these techniques to actual programs. Bounds are derived for the performance of the methods.
Variables críticas del viraje de espalda en natación, Evolución a lo largo de la prueba e influencia del nivel del nadador (2008)

En natación, el análisis de la fase de viraje en competición se ha realizado tradicionalmente siguiendo el criterio de distancias prefijadas antes y después del contacto en la pared; este hecho ha provocado la escasez de estudios que analicen en competición otras variables críticas del viraje además de su tiempo total. Utilizando como muestra del estudio dos grupos de nadadores participantes en el Campeonato de España de Natación por Comunidades Autónomas y empleando la técnica de análisis biomecánico de fotogrametría 2D-DLT para analizar los virajes de la prueba de 200 metros espalda se han estudiado los valores de las variables críticas del viraje de espalda en competición. Se ha comprobado, además, la influencia del nivel de los nadadores en el tiempo total de viraje, la velocidad subacuática y la distancia de la última brazada a la pared, así como en su evolución a lo largo de la prueba, de forma que los mejores nadadores han obtenido los mejores valores y las menores variaciones de las variables a lo largo de la prueba. Asimismo, se han obtenido tendencias claras en la evolución de las variables pertenecientes a la fase de separación del viraje, mostrándose un incremento de la velocidad subacuática y un descenso de la distancia subacuática a lo largo de la prueba. In swimming, competition turn analysis has usually been done considering pre-established distances before and after the touch of the wall; in this situation, no other studies calculated in competition some backstroke turn kinematic characteristics besides turn time. Filming two groups of swimmers (national and regional) participants in the Spanish Swimming Championships and using 2D-DLT algorithm-based analysis for the study of 200 meter backstroke turns, we calculated specific backstroke turn variables in competition. Besides determining some kinematic turn characteristics, we checked the influence of swimmers level on «turn time», «distance in», «distance out» and «average speed out», analyzing also their evolution through the 200 meter event. Our results show that national level swimmers obtain statistical faster «turn time» and «average speed out», longer «distance in» and equal «distance out» than regional level swimmers. The evolution of the variables through the event shows a clear tendency of an increasing «average speed out» and a decreasing «distance out» for both swimmers groups, while national level swimmers keep «turn time» and other variables more stable through the event. Backstroke turn variables delimitated by technique elements seem to provide more accurate information in comparison with a classic turn variable like turn time.