gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior Is Everything: Towards Representing Concepts with Sensorimotor Contingencies (2018)

AI has seen remarkable progress in recent years, due to a switch from hand-designed shallow representations, to learned deep representations. While these methods excel with plentiful training data, they are still far from the human ability to learn concepts from just a few examples by reusing previously learned conceptual knowledge in new contexts. We argue that this gap might come from a fundamental misalignment between human and typical AI representations: while the former are grounded in rich sensorimotor experience, the latter are typically passive and limited to a few modalities such as vision and text. We take a step towards closing this gap by proposing an interactive, behavior-based model that represents concepts using sensorimotor contingencies grounded in an agent's experience. On a novel conceptual learning and benchmark suite, we demonstrate that conceptually meaningful behaviors can be learned, given supervision via training curricula.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor: A Regenerative Drug for Acute Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis (2007)

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and is characterized by the loss of hepatocytes with interstitial fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the potential uses of hepatocyte growth factor for treating hepatic diseases, focusing on the molecular mechanisms whereby hepatocyte growth factor reverses liver cirrhosis. Hepatic myofibroblasts play a central role in the development of liver cirrhosis, while myofibroblasts acquire c-Met. Using a rat model of liver cirrhosis, we recently delineated the direct effect of hepatocyte growth factor toward myofibroblasts: the induction of apoptotic cell death associated with matrix degradation, the inhibition of overproliferation and the suppression of transforming growth factor-beta1 production in myofibroblasts. Hepatocyte growth factor elicits mitogenic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions in hepatocytes, therefore contributing to reversing liver dysfunction. Considering the insufficient production of hepatocyte growth factor is responsible for the manifestation of chronic hepatitis, supplementation with or reinduction of hepatocyte growth factor represents a new strategy for attenuating intractable liver diseases.
Founder effect in GLC1A‐linked familial open‐angle glaucoma in Northern France (1998)

Open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a highly prevalent cause of visual impairment. Six families grouping 71 living patients affected with juvenile-onset and middle-age POAG (age at diagnosis ranging from 10 to 65 years) were linked to the GLC1A locus. All patients carried a mutation of an evolutionarily conserved asparagine residue to a lysine at position 480 (N480K) in the olfactomedin-homology domain, which is encoded by the third exon of the GLC1A gene. The N480K mutation was also identified in 14 unaffected carriers who are at high risk of developing POAG. Although four of the families had ancestors identified in Northern France, the pedigrees could not be interconnected by genealogical investigation. However, haplotype analysis indicated that all the carriers had inherited the N480K mutation from the same founder. Screening of a selected set of 67 POAG patients who originated from Northern France and underwent trabeculectomy before the age of 50, detected one patient with the N480K mutation associated with the same disease haplotype already characterized in the 6 families. This group of 72 POAG patients is the largest one having a GLC1A mutation in common and provides a unique tool to investigate the factors influencing the variable expressivity of the GLC1A gene. Am. J. Med. Genet. 76:438–445, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A New Synthetic Approach to Carbamoylguanidinium Salts from <i>N</i>‐Chloroguanidine and Aryl Isocyanates (2005)

Abstract A new synthetic method for the preparation of N ‐carbamoyl‐ N ′, N ′‐disubstituted guanidinium salts was devel‐oped from the nucleophilic reaction of N ‐chloroguanidines with aryl isocyanates.
Simulation and experimentation of PSCAR chemistry for complex structures (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL, λ = 13.5 nm) continues to be one of the most important candidates for future technology nodes. For the insertion of EUV lithography into device mass production, higher sensitivity of EUV resists is helpful for better cost of ownership of the EUV tool and light source. However, obtaining low sensitivity (S), high resolution (R), and low line edge roughness (L) simultaneously is very difficult. Many previous experiments by lithographers proved the existence of this "RLS trade-off"<sup>1-2</sup>. This paper furthers the work related to <i>Photosensitized Chemically Amplified Resist</i><sup>TM</sup> (PSCAR)<sup>TM**</sup>, a chemistry which is trying to break the "RLS tradeoff" relationship. This chemistry was introduced as a new chemically amplified lithographic concept and is accomplished in an in-line track tool with secondary exposure module connected to EUV exposure tool. PSCAR is a modified CAR which contains a photosensitizer precursor (PP) in addition to other standard CAR components such as a protected polymer, a photo acid generator (PAG) and a quencher. In the PSCAR process, an improved chemical gradient can be realized by dual acid quenching steps with the help of increased quencher concentration. The addition of the PP, as well as other material optimization, offers more degrees of freedom for getting high sensitivity and low LER, but also makes the system more complicated. Thus coupling simulation and experimentation is the most rational approach to optimizing the overall process and for understanding complicated 2-D structures. In this paper, we will provide additional background into the simulation of PSCAR chemistry, explore the effects of PSCAR chemistry on chemical contrast of complex structures (e.g. T structures, slot contacts, I/D bias for L/S), and explore the sensitivity enhancement levels capable while improving or maintaining lithographic performance. Finally, we will explore modifications of PSCAR chemistry on performance.
Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists and Gastric Cancer (1996)

We conducted a case-control study at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound to evaluate the relation between longterm histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist use and gastric cancer. We identified 113 cases and 452 controls and estimated a relative risk (RR) of 2.0 [95% confidence interval (C1) = 1.0-3.9]. When we evaluated the effect of time-since-first-use, the RR estimates were 6.5, 1.2, and 1.0 for 2-4 years of use, 5-9 years, and > or = 10 years, respectively. The data provide substantial evidence that long-term H2 antagonist use is not associated with gastric cancer.
Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy (2004)

Pregnancy is associated with transient restless legs syndrome.
Ueber jodierte und jodosierte Benzolsulfosäuren (1895)

der Liisung des Natronsalzes durch Fallen mit Silbernitrat als gelbe, amorphe Masse erhalten.Beim Erhitzen verpufft es.
Safety assessment of driving behavior in multi-lane traffic for autonomous vehicles (2009)

An approach for the safety assessment of planned trajectories of autonomous vehicles is presented. Due to the unsafe nature of road traffic, the proposed safety assessment is performed in a probabilistic setting, where the probability distributions of possible future positions of traffic participants are computed based on dynamic models. The underlying algorithms have to be efficient as they need to provide a safety level of the currently planned path while the vehicle is in operation. In order to achieve the necessary efficiency of computation, the dynamics of traffic participants is abstracted into Markov-chains. The approach considers vehicle dynamics, interaction between traffic participants, and lane changes in multi-lane traffic.
Transaction Management Techniques and Practices in Current Cloud Computing Environments : A Survey (2015)

Distributed database management systems (DDBMs) have limited capacity to manage overhead of distributed transactions due to certain failures. These types of failures don't guarantee the enforcement of transactional properties and which reduces the scalability and availability of these systems. Research in this area proved that scaling out while providing consistency of transactions and guaranteeing availability in the presence of different failures in distributed computing environment is not feasible. As a result, the database community have used vertical scaling rather than horizontal scaling. Moreover changes in data access patterns resulting from a new generation of web applications with high scalability and availability guarantees weaker consistency. In this paper we have analyse that how different systems such as ElasTraS, Mstore, Sinfonia, ecStore and Gstore provide scalable transactional data access in cloud computing environment. We have also discussed transaction management (TM) in Gstore in detail and compared with other techniques and protocols used in current cloud based systems.
Recomendaciones preventivas generales en el uso de equipos de Resonancia Magnética de alto campo (1,5 y 3 Teslas) para aplicaciones clínicas (2010)

The introduction of payment method by disease types with point counting causes the cost containment for inpatient care, whereas the increase in outpatient expenditures. The findings suggest this new payment scheme has the potential for rollout in other areas, but the cost-shifting from the inpatient to outpatient setting should be prevented.
miR-22 Promotes HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Males (2011)

Overexpression of miR-22 in male tumor adjacent tissue was associated with downregulated ERα expression, potentially by attenuating the protective effect of estrogen and causing increased IL-1α expression. These results may explain the high incidence of HBV-associated HCC in the male population.
Challenges of Developing Novel Vaccines With Particular Global Health Importance (2020)

Six of the top ten leading causes of death in low resource settings could potentially be prevented by vaccination. Development of vaccines for individuals in these populations is difficult because of the biological complexity of the prevalent pathogens and the challenges inherent to development of any vaccine. This review discusses those challenges and promising advances to address them and highlights recent progress in development of vaccines against several pathogens of interest.
Image caption automatic generation method based on weighted feature (2013)

For people to use numerous images effectively on the web, technologies must be able to explain image contents and must be capable of searching for data that users need. Moreover, images must be described with natural sentences based not only on the names of objects contained in an image but also on their mutual relations. We propose a novel system which generates sentential annotations for general images. Firstly, a weighted feature clustering algorithm is employed on the semantic concept clusters of the image regions. For a given cluster, we determine relevant features based on their statistical distribution and assign greater weights to relevant features as compared to less relevant features. In this way the computing of clustering algorithm can avoid dominated by trivial relevant or irrelevant features. Then, the relationship between clustering regions and semantic concepts is established according to the labeled images in the training set. Under the condition of the new unlabeled image regions, we calculate the conditional probability of each semantic keyword and annotate the new images with maximal conditional probability. Experiments on the Corel image set show the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
Synthetic Aspects of Crystallizable Elastomers (1982)

Recent advances in the synthesis of crystallizable elastomers based on high cistactic and transtactic polybutadiene structures are reviewed. Extremely high cistactic structures are obtained by catalysts systems based on 4f and 5f block elements of Periodic Table (lanthanides and actinides). Some of these catalysts systems are particularly interesting for saving energy in the polymerization process. The synthesis of transtactic structures is based on catalysts in which the transition metal belongs to the 3d block (Ti, Cr, V, Ni). Particular emphasis is devoted to the synthesis of trans butadiene/piperylene copolymers and to their blends with synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, with the aim of increasing the "green strength" of the latter.
Design of an MRI-Compatible Robotic Stereotactic Device for Minimally Invasive Interventions in the Breast† (2004)

The objective of this work was to develop a robotic device to perform biopsy and therapeutic interventions in the breast with real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. The device was designed to allow for (i) stabilization of the breast by compression, (ii) definition of the interventional probe trajectory by setting the height and pitch of a probe insertion apparatus, and (iii) positioning of an interventional probe by setting the depth of insertion. The apparatus is fitted with five computer-controlled degrees of freedom for delivering an interventional procedure. The entire device is constructed of MR compatible materials, i.e. nonmagnetic and non-conductive, to eliminate artifacts and distortion of the MR images. The apparatus is remotely controlled by means of ultrasonic motors and a graphical user interface, providing real-time MR-guided planning and monitoring of the operation. Joint motion measurements found probe placement in less than 50 s and sub-millimeter repeatability of the probe tip for same-direction point-to-point movements. However, backlash in the rotation joint may incur probe tip positional errors of up to 5 mm at a distance of 40 mm from the rotation axis, which may occur for women with large breasts. The imprecision caused by this backlash becomes negligible as the probe tip nears the rotation axis. Real-time MR-guidance will allow the physician to correct this error Compatibility of the device within the MR environment was successfully tested on a 4 Tesla MR human scanner
Simulating Secure Data Extraction in Extraction Transformation Loading (ETL) Processes (2009)

As the data warehouse contains the sensitive information, which is used for decision making process, it is necessary to take precautionary measures in the data warehouse building process itself. Current approaches for the conceptual modeling of ETL do not address the security aspects in the conceptual modeling phase. In this paper, we propose a simulation model for secure data extraction in ETL processes. Simulating these types of scenarios with security constraints is crucial in producing quality software. The scenario is more complicated in case of ETL processes due to its heterogeneity and distributed nature. ETL stands for extraction, transformation and loading. These are the tools used to extract the data from heterogeneous distributed databases, clean it, transform it and load into data warehouses. We exploit mitigation use cases which are used for implementing security policies of the system. A tool has been developed for the model and the features of the tool are explained and validated with a case study.
False Negative Anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 ELISAs in Acute HIV-2 Infection (1996)

Since HIV-2 was isolated in 1986, only 1 case of acute HIV-2 infection has been reported. We have identified another patient with primary HIV-2 infection. Follow-up samples were requested from the patient due to discrepant results. The HIV-2 infection was confirmed with HIV-2-specific proviral DNA amplification by PCR. The HIV-2 seroconversion panel obtained was used to evaluate the sensitivity of both combined and specific ELISAs currently in use in Europe, and to investigate the Western-blot patterns on both HIV-1- and HIV-2-specific Western blots. The window period was determined to be less than 37 days with the most sensitive assays. A remarkable difference in sensitivity to HIV-2 antibodies in acute HIV-2 infection was found in combined HIV-l/HIV-2 ELISAs. Three out of the 4 combined sandwich ELISAs appeared to be less sensitive than the indirect ELISAs in HIV-2 seroconversion, leading to a prolonged window period. One HIV-2-specific ELISA was also negative on the first sample, but positive on the second sample. In the HIV-2 Western blot, early reaction with HIV-2-specific env and gag proteins was seen, whereas the HIV-1 Western blot on the first sample revealed gag (p24, p55) reactivity only.
A New Test (Blocking Test) for Rh Sensitization. (1944)

As was first shown by Wiener and Peters, sensitization of Rh-negative individuals against the Rh factor can often be detected by in vitro tests for anti-Rh agglutinins in the individual's plasma. However, it was soon found, that there are many Rh-negative patients who are strongly sensitized to the Rh factor, as proved by the occurrence of an intragroup hemolytic transfusion reaction or a baby with erythroblastosis (hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn), yet the plasma does not contain demonstrable anti-Rh agglutinins. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new in vitro test, the “blocking test,” with the aid of which Rh sensitization can be detected in many of these problem cases. The first blocking experiments were tried in 1941, when retests of some of the stored post-transfusion sera from the patients described by Wiener and Peters the year before showed these sera to be no longer active. It occurred to the writer that the antibodies might still be present and capable of combining with the test cells but incapable of agglutinating the cells. When the mixture of test cells and apparently inactive serum was first allowed to combine and subsequently active (capable of agglutinating Rh+ cells in control experiments), anti-Rh serum was added, it was found that the test cells were not agglutinated, apparently because the action of the active agglutinin had been blocked. However, the results obtained were irregular, and therefore experiments on this “blocking test” for Rh antibodies, which is a counterpart of the inhibition test for haptens and group-specific substances, were temporarily abandoned. Recently, when more satisfactory anti-Rh testing sera became available, the experiments were resumed.
Synthesis, Growth and Characterization ofRare Earth Doped (Cdzns) Thin Films (2014)

Cadmium Zinc Sulphide (CdZnS) thin film grown, with and without doping on commercial glass substrate using chemical bath deposition technique. The bath temperature was kept at 700C.The pH of the solution was maintained around 11. Two different dopant viz. SmO3 and EuO3 were used for doping. The thin films so obtained were characterized using XRD, UV-Spectrophotometer and Two probe methods. The XRD pattern shows nano crystalline phase with cubic and hexagonal structure. Doped film shows the broadening peaks in XRD spectra. Scherrer formula gives particle size around 9.3nm.particle size decreasing on doping. For undoped CdZnS thin film, Optical band gap of comes out to be 2.5 eV, whereas band gap for rare earth doped CdZnS thin film was 2.4 eV, and 2.42 eV, respectively. Thus doping decreases the band gap. Photocurrent show linear increase with applied voltage. Moreover photocurrent is larger than the dark current for the same voltage
Voice and data communications handbook (1996)

The history of telecommunications voice characteristics the telephone network the telephone set analog versus digital transmission carriers lines vs trunks traffic engineering equipment private branch exchanges key telephone systems voice processing data communications the T1 and T carrier systems the OSI model packet-switching technologies local area networks Ethernet Token Ring LANs broadband vs baseband Fibre-Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Switched, Multi-Megabit Data Services (SMDS) Frame Relay ISDN ATM cellular and PCS radio systems light systems video conferencing finances for telecommunications fax cabling systems.
Influence of Heating Rate and Temperature on Carbon Structure and Porosity of Activated Carbon Spheres from Resole-type Phenolic Beads (2009)

Activated carbon spheres (ACS) were prepared at different heating rates by carbonization of the resole-type phenolic beads (PB) at <TEX>$950^{\circ}C$</TEX> in <TEX>$N_2$</TEX> atmosphere followed by activation of the resultant char at different temperatures for 5 h in <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> atmosphere. Influence of heating rate on porosity and temperature on carbon structure and porosity of ACS were investigated. Effect of heating rate and temperature on porosity of ACS was also studied from adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K using BET method. The results revealed that ACS have exhibited a BET surface area and pore volume greater than <TEX>$2260\;m^2/g$</TEX> and <TEX>$1.63\;cm^3/g$</TEX> respectively. The structural characteristics variation of ACS with different temperature was studied using Raman spectroscopy. The results exhibited that amount of disorganized carbon affects both the pore structure and adsorption properties of ACS. ACS were also evaluated for structural information using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. ACS were evaluated for chemical composition using CHNS analysis. The ACS prepared different temperatures became more carbonaceous material compared to carbonized material. ACS have possessed well-developed pores structure which were verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs also exhibited that ACS have possessed well-developed micro- and meso-pores structure and the pore size of ACS increased with increasing activation temperature.
Unexpected Crosslinking During Acetoacetoxy Group Protection on Waterborne Crosslinkable Latexes (2006)

Abstract Summary: The microstructure of the polymer synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of AAEMA was investigated. It was found that the neutralization of the latexes with ammonia to protect acetoacetoxy functionality against hydrolysis during storage had a remarkable effect on the gel content. A base catalyzed Michael addition reaction between acetoacetoxy groups and terminal double bond (TDB) is proposed as responsible for the chain precrosslinking observed. The presence of TDB in the latexes was demonstrated by means of 1 H NMR. Moreover, the chain precrosslinking affected the subsequent crosslinking reaction of the latex with diamines hindering chain interdiffusion and yielding poorer mechanical properties. Michael addition between AcAc functional groups and TDB, and final gel content of the MMA/BA/MAA latexes with different amounts of AAEMA. magnified image Michael addition between AcAc functional groups and TDB, and final gel content of the MMA/BA/MAA latexes with different amounts of AAEMA.