gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of periodate on lignin for wood adhesive application (2011)

Abstract Development of eco-friendly binders with no harmful emission during its complete life cycle is of high interest for the wood-based industry. In this paper, a fully renewable binder based on activated lignin and poly-furfuryl alcohol and a partly renewable lignin based phenol-formaldehyde (PF) binder were evaluated. Activation of kraft and soda lignins, isolated respectively from softwood and non-woods, by periodate oxidation was performed to improve lignin reactivity and application in wood adhesives. Periodate oxidation of lignin leads to higher lignin acidity, formation of quinonoid groups under more severe conditions, higher molar mass and higher reactivity towards the curing of furfuryl alcohol within a temperature range currently used in industry. Comparison of a 100% furan-based glue with a furan-based glue substituted by 10% lignin yields comparable product properties. However, periodate-activated lignin leads to lower wood failure, which might be caused by incompletely solubilised lignin particles in the acidic formulation disturbing crosslinking of the furan resin. Unmodified softwood kraft lignin performs well in a PF resin formulation at substitution levels up to 30% (w/w). Periodate oxidation of soda lignins enhances the glue performance because higher wood failure is attained. The higher molar mass after periodate treatment could be an important parameter for development of a stronger wood binder.
Erste Erfahrungen mit der Karlsruher Sensornetz-Plattform (2003)

In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Aspekte der Karlsruher Sensornetz-Plattform vorgestellt, u.a. Hardware, Architektur, Kommunikation, Sicherheit.
Low alpha, boron BSF solar cell (1984)

This paper discusses the development and characterization of a 10 ohm-cm, BSF solar cell utilizing a diffused boron P+. The 8 mil thick K6-3/4 type device produces an open circuit voltage of 590 mV, short circuit current of 40 mA/cm/sup 2/ and an efficiency of nearly 14% (AMO at 28 /sup 0/ C). The boron diffused BSF offers some important advantages over the current paste aluminum BSF cell. These include a thermal alpha (unfiltered) of .69 compared to .81 for the paste cell and a smooth back surface to facilitate production welding. The boron cell also has the advantage of improved yields over the paste cell in the production of ultrathin devices (2 1/2-3 mil). Stress problems associated with thin paste cells such as warpage and curling after P+ firing, and handling losses due to brittleness have not been experienced with the boron diffused cell.
XML implementation of frame processor (2001)

A quantitative study has shown that frame technology [1] supported by Fusion toolset can lead to reduction in time- tomarket (70%) and project costs (84%). Frame technology has been developed to handle large COBOL- based business software product families. We wished to investigate how the principle of frame approach can be applied to support product families in other application domains, in particular to build distributed component- based systems written in Object- Oriented languages. As Fusion is tightly coupled with COBOL, we implemented our own tools based on frame concepts using the XML technology. In our solution, a generic architecture for a product family is a hierarchy of XML documents. Each such document contains a reusable program fragment instrumented for change with XML tags. We use a tool built on top of XML parsing framework JAXP to process documents in order to produce a custom member of a product family. Our solution is cost- effective and extensible. In the paper, we describe our solution, illustrating its use with examples. We intend to make our solution available to public in order to encourage investigation of frame concepts in other application domains, implementation languages and platforms.
Non-destructive headspace gas analysis in pharmaceutical ampules by 5145 A lasar Raman spectroscopy. (1980)

A method has been evaluated for non-destructive analysis of the gas headspace in ampuls. We determined with a Raman spectrometer the rotational spectra of the headspace gas in a series of ampuls purged with known O2/N2 mixtures, and the relative rotational scattering coefficients for O2 and N2 at atmospheric pressure. Calculated O2 concentrations were in excellent agreement with the known composition of the purge gases. The method is safe. sensitive, objective. universally applicable. and could be adapted to total-inspection quality control in automatic or semi-automatic industrial settings.
Malware detection and classification based on extraction of API sequences (2014)

With the substantial growth of IT sector in the 21st century, the need for system security has also become inevitable. While the developments in the IT sector have innumerable advantages but attacks on websites and computer systems are also increasing relatively. One such attack is zero day malware attack which poses a great challenge for the security testers. The malware pen testers can use bypass techniques like Compression, Code obfuscation and Encryption techniques to easily deceive present day Antivirus Scanners. This paper elucidates a novel malware identification approach based on extracting unique aspects of API sequences. The proposed feature selection method based on N grams and odds ratio selection, capture unique and distinct API sequences from the extracted API calls thereby increasing classification accuracy. Next a model is built by the classification algorithms using active machine learning techniques to categorize malicious and benign files.
A 106.7-dB DR, 390-&#x03BC;W CT 3<sup>rd</sup>-order &#x03A3;&#x0394; modulator for MEMS microphones (2015)

A 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order continuous-time ΣΔ modulator for MEMS microphones in 0.16-μm CMOS technology achieves 106.7-dB DR and 93.2-dB peak SNDR, consuming 390 μW from a 1.6-V power supply and occupying an area of 0.21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The ΣΔ modulator, based on a feedforward architecture, uses only two operational amplifiers for achieving the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order loop-filter transfer function, a 15-level quantizer, and a feedback DAC with three-level current-steering elements, which minimizes the noise contribution at small input signal, in order to achieve a DR > 100 dB with the largest reported Schreier FoM (184 dB).
Predictable performance in SMT processors (2004)

Current instruction fetch policies in SMT processors are oriented towards optimization of overall throughput and/or fairness. However, they provide no control over how individual threads are executed, leading to performance unpredictability, since the IPC of a thread depends on the workload it is executed in and on the fetch policy used.From the point of view of the Operating System (OS), it is the job scheduler that determines how jobs are executed. However, when the OS runs on an SMT processor, the job scheduler cannot guarantee execution time constraints of any job due to this performance unpredictability.In this paper we propose a novel kind of collaboration between the OS and the SMT hardware that enables the OS to enforce that a high priority thread runs at a specific fraction of its full speed. We present an extensive evaluation using many different workloads, that shows that this mechanism gives the required performance in more than 97% of all cases considered, and even more than 99% for the less extreme cases. At the same time, our mechanism does not need to trade off predictability against overall throughput, as it maximizes the IPC of the remaining low priority threads, giving 94% on average (and 97.5% on average for the less extreme cases) of the throughput obtained using instruction fetch policies oriented toward throughput maximization, such as icount.
Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes and Renal Replacement Therapy (1988)

Reports of renal replacement therapy in diabetes usually refer to patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) only, and little is known about renal failure in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM). A high proportion, 46/141 (32%), of the diabetics treated at our unit since 1974 had NIDDM. They were older at treatment (56 +/- 9 years, mean +/- SD) compared to the IDDM patients (39 +/- 10 years, p less than 0.001), and had a shorter duration of diabetes (13 +/- 8 years versus 23 +/- 8 years, p less than 0.001). Asians and Afro-Caribbeans accounted for 48% of the NIDDM patients (22/46) compared to only 7% of those having IDDM (6/95, p less than 0.0001). Non-diabetic renal disease accounted for the renal failure in 32% (15/46) of the NIDDM patients but only in 10.5% (10/95) of the IDDMs (p less than 0.001). Despite these differences the prevalence of other diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease) was similar. Patient survival after transplantation was poorer in NIDDM than IDDM (23% and 57%, respectively, at 2 years). Survival on dialysis was equally poor in NIDDM and IDDM. Thus, NIDDM patients treated for renal failure are more commonly non-European and more often have non-diabetic renal disease. Yet other diabetic complications occur to the same extent in both IDDM and NIDDM patients with diabetic nephropathy.
MRI Biosensor for Lead Detection Based on the DNAzyme-Induced Catalytic Reaction (2013)

A MRI biosensor for sensitive and specific detection of lead ions (Pb(2+)) was developed based on DNAzyme-induced cleavage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). A low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng mL(-1) was obtained. This biosensor has the potential to serve as a general platform for the detection of heavy metal ions.
Virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens in Rhodococcus equi: temperature-dependent expression and location of the antigens (1992)

Virulent Rhodococcus equi showing 15- to 17-kDa antigens, which is virulent in mice, was found to harbor an 85-kbp plasmid, and the 15- to 17-kDa antigens were found to be associated with possession of the 85-kbp plasmid of R. equi (S. Takai, T. Sekizaki, T. Ozawa, T. Sugawara, Y. Watanabe, and S. Tsubaki, Infect. Immun. 59:4056-4060, 1991). The expression of these antigens was temperature regulated: when cells were grown at a low temperature (25 to 32 degrees C), they did not express them, whereas they expressed them in large amounts when the cells were grown at a higher temperature (34 to 41 degrees C). The antigens were expressed on the cell surface, as evidenced by their susceptibility to proteolysis by a trypsin and by the biotin-avidin protein-blotting technique.
Engineered Combined-Positive-Control Template for Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR in Multiple-Pathogen-Detection Assays (2011)

Recently we evaluated a custom TaqMan array card (TAC) detection system, formerly known as a TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) card, for simultaneous real-time PCR identification of 21 pathogens and three control targets in duplicate from respiratory specimens (M. Kodani et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 49:2175-2182, 2011). We engineered an adaptable and expandable system of in vitro RNA transcripts to serve as a combined positive control for both DNA and RNA targets in multiple-pathogen-detection technologies based on real-time reverse transcription-PCR.
Neonatology in the 1990's: Surfactant Replacement Therapy Becomes a Reality (1991)

It has been more than 35 years since the lung was discovered to be lined with a layer of surface-active material that is important in lung stability and mechanics of respiration. The absence of this "anti-atelectasis" factor was proposed by Avery and Mead in 1959 to be the cause of hyaline membrane disease of premature infants. An indepth historical review of pulmonary surfactant by Tierney was recently published. In the years since 1959, there has been an exhaustive amount of research aimed at elucidating the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant, the ultimate goal being a safe and effective exogenous surfactant for the treatment of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). The days of surfactant research are far from over, but the era of surfactant replacement therapy is now upon us. The practitioner needs to be knowledgeable about surfactant and aware of his or her role in surfactant therapy for premature infants. The following is intended to clarify some of the important issue of surfactant replacement.
Synthesis, Immobilization, MAS and HR‐MAS NMR of a New Chelate Phosphine Linker System, and Catalysis by Rhodium Adducts Thereof (2011)

Abstract A new class of tridentate phosphine ligands with the general formula [MeP{(CH 2 ) x PPh 2 } 3 ] + I − (x=4, 7, 11) and [MeP(CH 2 PPh 2 ) 3 ] + OTf − , has been synthesized and fully characterized. The linkers have been immobilized on silica with their phosphonium moieties via electrostatic interactions, and their mobility and leaching has been studied by solid‐state HR‐MAS (high‐resolution magic angle spinning) NMR in various solvents. Immobilized Wilkinson‐type rhodium complexes have been obtained by ligand exchange with the surface‐bound linkers. The activities and lifetimes of the catalysts have been tested with respect to the hydrogenation of 1‐dodecene. The rhodium catalyst precursor bound by the immobilized linker [MeP{(CH 2 ) 7 PPh 2 } 3 ] + I − led to material with the highest activity and lifetime, and it could be recycled for 30 times in a batchwise manner. The other catalysts show shorter lifetimes. For all catalysts the formation of rhodium nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution around 4 nm has been proven.
Brefeldin A Blocks the Cytotoxicity of T Cell Receptor <i>α/β</i> and <i>γ/δ</i> Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Clones Reacting against Human Autologous Cancer Cells (1993)

We studied the effector mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta- and gamma/delta-type cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones that react with human autologous tumor cells. Treatment of tumor cells with a fungal antibacterial reagent, brefeldin A (BFA), resulted in the inhibition of cytotoxicity of an autologous tumor (HST-2)-specific CD8+ TCR alpha/beta-type CTL, TcHST-2. Other anti-metabolites such as chloroquine, cycloheximide and colchicine did not affect the cytotoxicity. The cell-surface antigen expression, including MHC class I molecules, was not influenced by BFA treatment. Furthermore, BFA did not influence the cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated killer cells and natural killer cells. Since BFA blocks the transport of peptides from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, the above data suggest that BFA could affect washing out of the peptide fragments from the MHC class I groove. Consequently, target tumor cells were protected from killing by CTL. Moreover, we obtained a CD4-, 8-, TCR gamma/delta-type (V delta 1+) CTL clone, TcHOT, that reacts against an autologous ovarial carcinoma, HOT. BFA could also inhibit this cytotoxicity, and it is likely that different presenting molecules other than MHC class I proteins participate in the cytotoxicity of this TCR gamma/delta-type CTL. These studies suggest that both TCR alpha/beta- and gamma/delta-type CTL may require antigenic peptides that are most likely derived from the BFA-sensitive, intracellular endogenous target proteins.
Defective Interfering Influenza Viruses (1980)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Protecting privacy in recorded conversations (2008)

Professionals in the field of speech technology are often constrained by a lack of speech corpora that are important to their research and development activities. These corpora exist within the archives of various businesses and institutions; however, these entities are often prevented from sharing their data due to privacy rules and regulations. Efforts to "scrub" this data to make it shareable can result in data that has been either inadequately protected or data that has been rendered virtually unusable due to the loss resulting from suppression. This work attempts to address these issues by developing a scientific workflow that combines proven techniques in data privacy with controlled audio distortion resulting in corpora that have been adequately protected with minimal information loss.
Potential role of BFGF and retinoic acid in the regeneration of chicken cochlear hair cells (1996)

Messenger RNAs (mRNA) of several growth factor receptors and relate genes were examined with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in normal and noise-damaged chicken basilar papillae (BP). Analysis of the amplification products indicated the presence of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast factor receptor (FGFR), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), insulin receptor (IR), retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR beta), retinoic acid receptor gamma (RXR gamma), and basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) in both normal and noise-damaged BP. The RT-PCR products generated were characterized by size and sequencing analysis to confirm the identities of the target molecules. The subcellular localization of the mature protein analogs for EGFR, FGFR, IGFR, RAR beta, and BFGF were identified using fluorescence immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. These experiments indicated that EGFR is present in the stereociliary bundles in the hair cells, IGFR is not present in the cells of the BP, BFGF localizes in the nuclei of supporting cells in the BP, but not hair cells or hyaline cells, and that RAR beta localizes in the perinuclear regions of hair cells. The subcellular distributions of these proteins were consistent in both noise-damaged and control BP. FGFR, in contrast, changed its distribution in the tissue after noise damage. In normal BP, FGFR is concentrated in the stereocilia of hair cells. However, in damaged regions of noise-exposed chick cochleae, FGFR is heavily expressed in the expanded apical regions of the supporting cells. These findings suggest that BFGF and retinoic acid may potentially play a role in the mechanisms which regulate the regeneration of chicken cochlear hair cells.
Test of a Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate (1965)

The behavior of a flat plate, the first of the five test structures built and tested in the course of an investigation of multiple-panel reinforced concrete floor slabs, is described and analyzed. The test structure, which comprised nine 5-ft square panels, was designed essentially on the basis of the ACI Building Code. Test data included deflections at 33 locations, reinforcement strains at 294 locations, and all three components of each of the column reactions. Comparisons of the moments measured in the critical sections of the test structure with the ACI design moments indicated that the total extent of flexural reinforcement provided by the design method in the entire structure was not deficient but that the distribution specified was inefficient. The overall behavior of the test structure was satisfactory at all levels of loading as was the measured over-all load factor of 2.3. However, collapse was caused by punching through of one of the interior columns. The flexural strength of the slab was higher than the load that could be transmitted from the slab to the interior columns.
Analysis of Acidic and Basic Chitinases from Tobacco and Petunia and Their Constitutive Expression in Transgenic Tobacco (1990)

cDNA clones of messenger RNAs for acidic and basic chitinases were isolated from libraries of tobacco mosaic virus-infected Samsun NN tobacco and petunia. The tobacco cDNA clones for acidic chitinase fell into two different groups, whereas all petunia cDNA clones had the same sequence. Also, tobacco genomic clones were isolated and one was characterized. This genomic clone, corresponding to one of the cDNA clones, showed that this acidic chitinase gene contains two introns. The amino acid sequences of the acidic chitinases from tobacco, as deduced from the cDNA clones, fully agreed with partial sequences derived from peptides obtained from purified tobacco-derived pathogenesis-related proteins PR-P and PR-Q. The deduced amino acid sequences showed that PR-P and PR-Q are 93 and 78%, respectively, identical to the petunia enzyme. All deduced chitinase sequences indicated the presence of an NH2-terminal, highly hydrophobic signal peptide. In addition, the polysaccharide-binding domain present at the NH2-terminus of basic chitinases from mature tobacco is not present in these acidic chitinases. Furthermore, the complete coding sequence for the petunia chitinase, constructed downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was used to transform tobacco. The resulting chimeric gene was constitutively expressed, and the petunia enzyme was targeted to the extracellular fluid. In contrast, a basic chitinase of tobacco, expressed from a chimeric gene, was found in total leaf extracts but not in preparations of extracellular fluid.
The modified wobble nucleoside uridine-5-oxyacetic acid in tRNA<sup>Pro</sup><sub>cmo<sup>5</sup>UGG</sub> promotes reading of all four proline codons in vivo (2004)

In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium five of the eight family codon boxes are decoded by a tRNA having the modified nucleoside uridine-5-oxyacetic acid (cmo5U) as a wobble nucleoside present in position 34 of the tRNA. In the proline family codon box, one (tRNAProcmo5UGG) of the three tRNAs that reads the four proline codons has cmo5U34. According to theoretical predictions and several results obtained in vitro, cmo5U34 should base pair with A, G, and U in the third position of the codon but not with C. To analyze the function of cmo5U34 in tRNAProcmo5UGG in vivo, we first identified two genes (cmoA and cmoB) involved in the synthesis of cmo5U34. The null mutation cmoB2 results in tRNA having 5-hydroxyuridine (ho5U34) instead of cmo5U34, whereas the null mutation cmoA1 results in the accumulation of 5-methoxyuridine (mo5U34) and ho5U34 in tRNA. The results suggest that the synthesis of cmo5U34 occurs as follows: U34 -->(?) ho5U -->(CmoB) mo5U -->(CmoA?) cmo5U. We introduced the cmoA1 or the cmoB2 null mutations into a strain that only had tRNAProcmo5UGG and thus lacked the other two proline-specific tRNAs normally present in the cell. From analysis of growth rates of various strains and of the frequency of +1 frameshifting at a CCC-U site we conclude: (1) unexpectedly, tRNAProcmo5UGG is able to read all four proline codons; (2) the presence of ho5U34 instead of cmo5U34 in this tRNA reduces the efficiency with which it reads all four codons; and (3) the fully modified nucleoside is especially important for reading proline codons ending with U or C.