gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Module-Activity Relationship of G-quadruplex Based DNA Aptamers for Human Thrombin (2013)

G-quadruplex based DNA aptamers for human thrombin are promising pharmaceuticals as anticoagulants. Initially discovered 15-mer DNA aptamer (15-TBA) has a minimal G-quadruplex structure which is able to inhibit thrombin. 15-TBA was modified and extended to improve aptamer activity and in vivo stability providing 31-TBA, NU172, RA-36, and some others as successful examples. In this paper an interplay between G-quadruplex (pharmacophore module) and additional modules has been studied. An original turbidimetric assay and conventional coagulation tests were applied to evaluate both inhibitory activity and type of inhibiting for aptamers constructed by exchanging the modules between 31- TBA and NU172. Additional modules strongly affect pharmacophore module inhibitory activity either enhancing or reducing it. RA-36 aptamer has two putative pharmacophore entities which also interplay being functionally non-equal. 5'- truncated RA-36 has half of the activity of RA-36, and the same as for 15-TBA. On the contrary 3'-truncated RA-36 has intermediate activity in between 15-TBA and RA-36. These results indicate fine regulation of G-quadruplex inhibitory activity by additional modules, as well as non-trivial behavior of joined pharmacophore modules.
SmartContent: A Self-Protecting and Context-Aware Active Content (2012)

The development of communications systems in general, and the Internet in particular, has given billions of people the opportunity to connect and share content with audiences to which they would otherwise never have had access to. Nowadays, anyone can publish and share content, whether personal or not, on the Internet. In addition, the ubiquitous ness of mobile devices makes it possible to access content anywhere, at anytime on different platforms. All of this often leads to situations of potential intentional or unintentional misuse of contents as well as privacy problems. Traditional solutions for these problems such as Digital Rights Management have proven not to be appropriate because they rely heavily on costly and centralized external systems or infrastructure. In this paper, we propose Smart Content, a novel approach for content protection and privacy. Smart Content acts autonomously and embeds with the content the notion of context and policy. This article presents the general model of Smart Content and an example implementation.
A Position Selection Algorithm of Electronic Warfare Equipment Based on Digital Cartographic Data (2012)

Aiming at the operational demands under the information condition,a position selection algorithm of electronic warfare equipment based on digital cartographic data is proposed.On the basis of analyzing the main factors that affect position selection of electronic warfare equipment,position deployment of electronic warfare units and equipment is selected.A series of tasks and operations achieved by using digital cartographic data is expatiated.The result shows that the algorithm can rapidly complete complicated calculation and evaluation operations,and greatly improve the selection effectiveness for position of electronic warfare equipment and unit deployment.
Incorporation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles into Organometallic Coordination Polymers by Nanoparticle Surface Modification (2009)

Surface-modified Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) can be obtained by substituting [(eta(5)-semiquinone)Mn(CO)(3)] for oleylamine surface protecting groups. The resulting NP can function as a nucleus or template to generate crystalline coordination polymers that contain superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) NPs. Hybridized magnetic properties can be obtained by introducing paramagnetic metal nodes, such as Mn(2+), into the polymers (see picture).
Materials Challenges in Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons (2009)

Currently, about 80 pct. of hydrogen is produced from natural gas alone by Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), Partial Oxidation (POX) and Autothermal Reforming (ATR) in the form of syngas which is mainly a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Produced hydrogen is predominantly used to manufacture basic chemicals such as ammonia and methanol and to upgrade petroleum products and oils in refining processes. There are many corrosion related materials challenges in industrial processes for syngas production from fossil fuels. This paper examines these challenges with particular emphasis on a high temperature material degradation phenomenon termed "metal dusting". Control strategies to combat this form of corrosion are also outlined. Also included are materials challenges related to ExxonMobil's advanced steam reforming process known as Pressure Swing Reforming (PSR). This technology is a new way to make syngas from gaseous as well as liquid hydrocarbons and can be utilized in different process scenarios ranging from on-board vehicle reforming to industrial syngas production.
Complex Numbers and Vectors in the Secondary Curriculum (2006)

This section focuses on the rationale behind inclusion of complex numbers and vectors in curriculum of secondary students. It also presents an overview of how modern dynamic geometry and computer algebra technology can be effectively used to support computation with complex numbers and vectors.
Increased expression of I-region-associated antigen (Ia) on B cells after cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin. (1981)

Both surface Ig (sIg) surface Ia (sIa) have been shown to have important roles in B lymphocyte activation. In order to investigate a possible relationship between these molecules, we studied the effects of cross-linking of sIg on the expression of sIa, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of lymphoid cells stained with conventional anti-Ia anti-serum or with fluorescein-labeled anti-Ia antibodies. Exposure of cells for 24 hr in vitro to anti-delta, anti-mu, anti-kappa antibodies, or their F(ab')2 fragments induced a very dramatic increase in expression of sIa. Similarly, i.v. injection of anti-delta antibodies into adult mice induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in expression of B cell sIa on spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch lymphocytes. There was no increase under these conditions in expression of other B lymphocyte surface antigens, including H-2, 4B9, and 17C9. Furthermore, exposure of B lymphocytes to antibodies directed to B lymphocyte surface antigens other than sIg did not result in an increase in expression of sIa. The anti-Ig-induced increase in sIa expression appeared to be T independent, required cellular protein synthesis, and required more time to occur than did the cross-linking and removal of sIg. This increase in expression of sIa did not occur on B lymphocytes obtained from mice younger than 3 wk old. This increase in expression of sIa may reflect a proximal event in B lymphocyte activation that occurs after cross-linking of sIg by antigen and that may enhance subsequent cellular interactions involving B lymphocytes.
Energetics and Mechanism of a Room‐Temperature Catalytic Process for Ammonia Synthesis (Schrock Cycle): Comparison with Biological Nitrogen Fixation (2005)

The transformation of N2 to 2 NH3 on a MoIII complex containing a sterically shielding triamidoamine ligand is investigated with the help of DFT calculations, providing the energy profile and mechanism of the first truly catalytic process of ammonia synthesis working under ambient conditions and proceeding via well-defined intermediates (see catalytic cycle). It is shown that ammonia synthesis with this artificial system works with an energy expenditure comparable to that of biological nitrogen fixation. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501485_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A New Control of PWM Inverter Waveform for Minimum Loss Operation of an Induction Motor Drive (1985)

A simplified method to calculate harmonic currents of an induction motor and optimum PWM switching patterns to minimize the harmonic loss are presented. Neglecting the harmonic iron loss, the harmonic loss of the motor is proportional to the square of the rms current. The waveform of the harmonic current is approximately equal to that of the leakage reactance applied to the same PWM voltage. Its approximation error is very small under normal operating condition. The main results obtained using these approximation are as follows: 1) the optimum PWM patterns of the pulsenumber from seven to 41; 2) how to choose the optimum pattern and calculate it by using a computer; 3) the effect of a resistance of the windings and skin effect of the secondary conductor; and 4) microcomputer PWM optimum voltage control schemes. Comparison with other controls is shown by using experimental and calculating results and confirms the effectiveness of this control scheme.
Capsule polysaccharide is a bacterial decoy for antimicrobial peptides (2008)

Antimicrobial peptides (APs) are important host weapons against infections. Nearly all APs are cationic and their microbicidal action is initiated through interactions with the anionic bacterial surface. It is known that pathogens have developed countermeasures to resist these agents by reducing the negative charge of membranes, by active efflux and by proteolytic degradation. Here we uncover a new strategy of resistance based on the neutralization of the bactericidal activity of APs by anionic bacterial capsule polysaccharide (CPS). Purified CPSs from Klebsiella pneumoniae K2, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the resistance to polymyxin B of an unencapsulated K. pneumoniae mutant. Furthermore, these CPSs increased the MICs of polymyxin B and human neutrophil alpha-defensin 1 (HNP-1) for unencapsulated K. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa PAO1. Polymyxin B or HNP-1 released CPS from capsulated K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae serotype 3 and P. aeruginosa overexpressing CPS. Moreover, this material also reduced the bactericidal activity of APs. We postulate that APs may trigger in vivo the release of CPS, which in turn will protect bacteria against APs. We found that anionic CPSs, but not cationic or uncharged ones, blocked the bactericidal activity of APs by binding them, thereby reducing the amount of peptides reaching the bacterial surface. Supporting this, polycations inhibited such interaction and the bactericidal activity was restored. We postulate that trapping of APs by anionic CPSs is an additional selective virulence trait of these molecules, which could be considered as bacterial decoys for APs.
<title>Interference Coatings - Practical Considerations</title> (1974)

Practical aspects of thin film coating technology are reviewed. These include vacuum requirements, evaporation sources, substrate and thin film materials, and film thickness monitoring and uniformity. The influence of these practicalities on the implementation of coating designs is discussed.
Dynamic-mechanical Analysis of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics (1999)

No abstracts
Carrier-Based Modulation Technique for Matrix Converter (2006)

This paper presents a carrier-based modulation method for a matrix converter. By using the offset voltage and changing the slope of carrier, it is possible to synthesize the sinusoidal input currents with the unity power factor and desired output voltages. The proposed method is equivalent to the so called space vector pulsewidth modulation method. The proposed method uses a new point of view to understand the matrix converter modulation method such as the voltage source inverter (VSI) modulation method. Using the proposed method, this paper presents the two-phase/three-phase modulation method and dynamic/steady-state overmodulation method for the matrix converter. These methods are well developed in the study of a VSI. By the proposed steady-state overmodulation method, it is possible to synthesize the fundamental component of output voltage to be equal to that of input voltage at the cost of some distortion of input current. The feasibility of the proposed modulation method has been verified by a computer simulation and experimental results. These results show that the proposed carrier-based modulation method can be implemented easily without any tables. It can be used for the application where a higher voltage transfer ratio is essential
The Significance of a Two-Phase Growth Response to Salinity in Wheat and Barley (1995)

Wheat and barley genotypes that differed in salt tolerance were used to test a hypothesis that the growth response to salinity has two phases. In the first phase there would be a large decrease in growth rate caused by the salt outside the roots, i.e. an 'osmotic' response. In the second phase there would be an additional decline in growth caused by salt having built up to toxic levels within plants, i.e. a 'salt-specific' response. If this two-phase model is correct, genotypes that differ in their ability to exclude salt or tolerate high internal salt concentrations would not differ in growth rate for some period of time in saline conditions. This hypothesis was tested using many genotypes that had previously been found to differ greatly in salt tolerance, as defined by differences in percent reduction in yield or biomass after prolonged exposure to NaCl. Leaf extension of 15 wheat and barley genotypes was measured daily while the NaCl in the nutrient solution was increased over 10 days to 250 mM. All 15 genotypes showed a similar percentage reduction in leaf extension rate. Dry matter production of four selected wheat genotypes that again differed greatly in salt tolerance was measured for up to 6 weeks in 150 mM NaCl. All genotypes showed the same growth reduction for 4 weeks. After this initial period the more salt- sensitive genotype showed a greater decline in growth. This occurred after 60% of the leaves were dead. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the growth response to salinity has two phases, and indicate that most changes in metabolism or gene expression leading to growth reductions during the first phase relate to the osmotic effect of salinity, not to any salt-specific effect. They also indicate that the salt within the plant reduces growth by causing premature senescence of old leaves and hence a reduced supply of assimilates to the growing regions.
Gas separation properties of polysulfone membranes treated with molecular bromine (1995)

Gas separation membranes can be physically or chemically modified to improve their separation characteristics. The ability of bromine to form charge-transfer complexes with unpaired electrons along a polymer backbone was utilized to tailor the gas separation properties of a polysulfone membrane. It was hypothesized that the bromine molecules would alter the free volume distribution in such a way as to hinder the transport of large gas molecules without a significant reduction in the flux of the more permeable gas. Bromine was sorbed into the polymer from an aqueous solution at pH 2. The treated membranes developed a characteristic orange color, indicative of charge-transfer complex formation, which remained after aqueous rinsing and vacuum drying. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) permeability coefficients of the treated membranes were measured to determine the selectivity. After bromine treatment, the selectivity of a polysulfone membrane for CO2 over CH4 was increased over 100% at 10 atm upstream pressure with only a 36% reduction in CO2 permeability. Membrane stability was inconsistent with only one film appearing visually stable up to one year after treatment.
THE HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF ANCIENT EGYPT (2010)

The Experience of Ancient Egypt provides a comprehensive portrait of what we know about ancient Egypt today, examining in detail issues of religion, of beliefs and practices surrounding death, of everyday life and of literature.In an engaging style, the author traces Egyptology from its classical roots, through the painstaking process of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the most up-to-date bio-medical and archaeological techniques, never forgetting how time has proved that it is impossible to deliver the absolute truth about ancient Egypt.
Numerical simulations for performance optimization of a few-cycle terawatt NOPCPA system (2007)

We present a systematic numerical design and performance study of an ultra-broadband noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (NOPCPA) system. Using a split-step Fourier approach, we model a three-stage amplifier system which is designed for the generation of 7 fs pulses with multi-terawatt peak intensity. The numerical results are compared with recent experimental data. Several important aspects and design parameters specific to NOPCPA are identified, and the values of these parameters required to achieve optimal working conditions are investigated. We identify and analyze wavelength-dependent gain saturation effects, which are specific to NOPCPA and have a strong influence on the parametric amplification process.
An efficient finite-domain constraint solver for circuits (2004)

We present a novel hybrid finite-domain constraint solving engine for RTL circuits, that automatically uses data-path abstraction. We describe how DPLL search can be modified by using efficient finite-domain constraint propagation to improve communication between interacting integer and Boolean domains. This enables efficient combination of Boolean SAT and linear integer arithmetic solving techniques. We use conflict-based learning using the variables on the boundary of control and data-path for additional performance benefits. Finally, the hybrid constraint solver is experimentally analyzed using some example circuits.
Hybrid InSb focal plane array fabrication (1978)

Large two-dimensional photovoltaic infrared detector arrays have been produced using the hybrid combination of InSb coupled to a silicon CCD. The hybridization process uses indium interconnect pads, which electrically couple each InSb photodiode to a CCD input structure. The entire InSb array is optically thin to allow the backside illumination of the InSb for high packing density. This process is also applicable to other intrinsic detector materials, such as InGaSb and HgCdTe. Production of 32 × 32 mosaic arrays with elements on 4-mil centers has demonstrated high interconnect yield and reliability. Fabrication of larger 58 × 62 arrays of similar design is progressing.
Do changes in transcardiac impedance modulation correlate with haemodynamic status? (1992)

Implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators have the ability to revert a variety of arrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm. For correct operation, such devices require accurate arrhythmia classification. Arrhythmia classification by these devices could be improved with the addition of a suitable haemodynamic sensor. This study investigated the use of transcardiac impedance for haemodynamic sensing. Ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, electro-mechanical dissociation and five rates of ventricular pacing, each having a different associated level of haemodynamic compromise, were induced in each of seven mongrel dogs. The amplitude responses of the modulations of transcardiac impedance were compared with those of arterial pulse pressure (an established measure of haemodynamic status), and changes in cycle length. The correlation coefficient for changes in transcardiac impedance modulation amplitude and arterial pulse pressure was found to be 0.89. For transcardiac impedance modulation amplitude and cycle length, the correlation coefficient was 0.77, and for arterial pulse pressure and cycle length, the correlation coefficient was 0.85. In the acute anaesthetised dog, changes in the amplitude of transcardiac impedance modulations were shown to reflect different levels of haemodynamic status.
A reliable 1-Mbit DRAM with a multi-bit-test mode (1985)

A single 50V supply 1-Mb DRAM using a half V/SUB cc/ biased memory cell with a reduced electric field of 2 MV/cm and a shared sensing scheme for reasonable cell signal is described. A testability concept which allows 1/4 reduced test time, page/nibble functions including a continuous nibble mode, and an effective redundancy circuit are also described. A typical access time of 90 ns has been obtained using a titanium polycide world-line technology.
Predicting maintainability with object-oriented metrics -an empirical comparison (2004)

A large number of metrics have been proposed formeasuring properties of object-oriented software such assize, inheritance, cohesion and coupling. We have beeninvestigating which of these object-oriented metrics canbe used as significant predictors for the maintainability ofsoftware. For this purpose, we have designed andconducted an empirical study based on historical datacollected from the maintenance history of a medium-sizedobject-oriented system. Unlike most related studies,indirect coupling has also been taken into account in ourwork in order to evaluate its impact. Our study uses themaintenance history of two software systems as evidencebase for linking software quality attributes to metricssuggested for object-oriented software. Our resultsindicate that size and import direct coupling metrics aresignificant predictors for measuring maintainability ofclasses while inheritance, cohesion, and indirect/exportcoupling measures are not.
ATP synthase from bovine heart mitochondria: identification by proteolysis of sites in F0 exposed by removal of F1 and the oligomycin-sensitivity conferral protein (1994)

The exposure to trypsinolysis of subunits of F1F0-ATPase and of its F0 domain have been compared in everted inner membrane vesicles (submitochondrial particles) made from bovine mitochondria. Treatment of submitochondrial particles with guanidine hydrochloride removed the subunits of F1-ATPase and the oligomycin-sensitivity conferral protein (OSCP), and exposed sites that were occluded in the intact F1F0-ATPase complex. These sites were identified by purifying the subunits from the isolated F0 and F1F0-ATPase complexes before and after proteolysis of the vesicles, and by characterizing them by N-terminal sequencing and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. In the stripped vesicles, subunit F6 was completely digested away by either trypsin or chymotrypsin. Trypsin also cleaved subunit b, first at the bond arginine-166-glutamine-167, and then at the consecutive linkages, lysine-120-arginine-121 and arginine-121-histidine-122. Chymotrypsin-sensitive sites were observed after the adjacent methionines 164 and 165. Trypsin also removed amino acids 1-3 of subunit d, and minor cleavage sites were observed in subunit d between amino acids 24 and 25, in subunit g between amino acids 5 and 6, and after amino acid 40 in subunit e. The other subunits remained protected from proteolysis. In membrane-bound F1F0-ATPase, the N-terminus of subunit d was also accessible to trypsin, and subunit e was more susceptible to proteolysis than in F0. Otherwise the F0 subunits and the OSCP were protected. Subunits alpha and beta were cleaved by trypsin at the same sites in their N-terminal regions as in purified F1-ATPase. The trypsinized F0 was incapable of binding F1-ATPase in the presence of the OSCP. These experiments and in vitro re-assembly experiments described elsewehere, that were guided by the results of the proteolysis experiments, have helped to establish a central role for subunit b in the formation of the stalk connecting the F1 and F0 domains of the F1F0-ATPase complex.