gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Reform of Self-Sufficiency Project in Korea (2014)

In this paper, Self-sufficiency project reformation plan which responds to social economic condition changes was examined. Reform plans of Self-sufficiency project based on policy change. The suggested plans are improving the system in microscopic level, reinforcing the association with labour market policy, expanding work first strategy, building self-sufficiency support system in the local government, changing the roles of local self-sufficiency centre and changing government support policy. In the microscopic level of reform suggested the changes in operation method of self-sufficiency programs such as diversifying the goals of Self-sufficiency project, moving toward desire based wage system, changes in the roles of the local self-sufficiency centre, diversifying self-sufficiency providing agency and result based contract system etc. New Self-sufficiency project needs to equip with personalized self-sufficiency support route for Self-sufficiency project objects from the socially vulnerable class.
Olefin Metathesis of a Ruthenium Carbene Complex by Electrospray Ionization in the Gas Phase (1998)

Surprisingly similar reactions in the gas phase and in solution [Eq. (a)]: The ion 1 obtained by electrospray ionization behaves in the gas phase analogously to the corresponding complex [RuCl<sub>2</sub> (=CHPh)(PCy<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ] in solution. Measured relative rates for ring-opening metathesis are interpreted under the assumption of an intramolecular π complex, which leads to an estimation of the equilibrium constant for π complexation.
12.4: Recent Development of Transparent Electrowetting Display (2013)

Abstract Transparent display is currently an emerging topic in the display technologies for mobile device, monitor, shopping window and vehicle application. Electrowetting display (EWD) is one of the potential technologies because of its higher transmittance, colorful choosing, and faster response time. Recent development of transparent electrowetting display in ITRI had been discussed in this paper. Slot die coating and assembly processes were evaluated for mass production. Pigment based colored oil and sealant were developed to improve the reliability of panel. Finally, by process modification and defect inspection, the highly stable 6‐inch transparent electrowetting display with 35% transmittance could be realized.
Dihydropyridine Receptor Blockade in the Treatment of Asthma (2008)

Asthma is a chronic airway disease resulting from inappropriate Th2-cell biased activation. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 produced by Th2 cells contribute to the inflammatory process. Attempts for inhibiting interleukin-4 or IL-5 gave disappointing results. The simultaneous inhibition of several Th2-cytokines could be a more promising issue. Several arguments support the concept that Th2-cells express selective markers that could be targeted in asthma. Our group showed that Th2-cells selectively up-regulated dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca(2+) (DHP-Ca) channels essential for Ca(2+) signaling and type-2 cytokine production. Indeed, DHP-Ca antagonist effectively prevented or even reverted airway inflammation, airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of asthma. Although it remains to be formally demonstrated that human lung infiltrating T-lymphocytes in asthmatic patients express DHP- Ca(2+) channels, we hypothesize that targeting DHP-Ca channels in T-lymphocytes could represent an efficient strategy in the treatment of asthma.This review article also discussed patents relevant to the field.
Electron mobility enhancement in epitaxial multilayer Si-Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> alloy films on (100) Si (1982)

Enhanced Hall-effect mobilities have been measured in epitaxial (100)-oriented multilayer n-type Si/Si1−xGex films grown on single-crystal Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Mobilities from ∼20 to 40% higher than that of epitaxial Si layers and ∼100% higher than that of epitaxial SiGe layers on Si were measured for the doping range ∼8×1015–∼1017 cm−3. The mobilities of multilayer Si/SiGe films approach that of single-crystal Si films at ∼2×1017 cm−3. No mobility enhancement was observed in multilayer p-type (100) films and n-type (111)-oriented films. Experimental studies included the effects upon film properties of layer composition, total film thickness, doping concentrations, layer thicknesses, and growth temperature.
Influence of Substituted Pyridine Rings on Physical Properties and Electron Mobilities of 2‐Methylpyrimidine Skeleton‐Based Electron Transporters (2010)

Abstract A series of 2‐methylpyrimidine skeleton‐based electron‐transporting derivatives (BPyMPM) are designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of substituted pyridine rings on the physical properties and electron mobilities ( μ e ). The only structural difference is the position of substituted pyridine rings. The melting point ( T m) of B4PyMPM is estimated to be ca. 50 °C higher than that of B3PyMPM, and ca. 120 °C higher than that of B2PyMPM. The ionization potential is observed to increase in the order B2PyMPM (6.62 eV) < B3PyMPM (6.97 eV) < B4PyMPM (7.30 eV), measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, time‐of‐fight measurements of vacuum‐deposited films demonstrate that the μ e at 298 K of B4PyMPM is 10 times higher than that of B3PyMPM and 100 times higher than that of B2PyMPM. To extract the charge transport parameters, the temperature and field dependencies of μ e are investigated. Using Bässler's disorder formalism, the degree of energetic disorder is estimated to decrease in the order B2PyMPM (91 meV) > B3PyMPM (88 meV) > B4PyMPM (76 meV), and the positional disorder is 2.7 for B2PyMPM, and < 1.5 for B3PyMPM and B4PyMPM.
Reversible Aptamer-Au Plasmon Rulers for Secreted Single Molecules (2015)

Plasmon rulers, consisting of pairs of gold nanoparticles, allow single-molecule analysis without photobleaching or blinking; however, current plasmon rulers are irreversible, restricting detection to only single events. Here, we present a reversible plasmon ruler, comprised of coupled gold nanoparticles linked by a single aptamer, capable of binding individual secreted molecules with high specificity. We show that the binding of target secreted molecules to the reversible plasmon ruler is characterized by single-molecule sensitivity, high specificity, and reversibility. Such reversible plasmon rulers should enable dynamic and adaptive live-cell measurement of secreted single molecules in their local microenvironment.
Self-powered high performance photodetectors based on CdSe nanobelt/graphene Schottky junctions (2012)

Self-powered photodetectors based on CdSe nanobelt (NB)/graphene Schottky junctions are fabricated and investigated. Typically such Schottky junctions exhibit good rectifying behavior without light illumination. The on/off ratio is more than 1 × 105 when the voltage changes from −1 to 1 V. Under zero bias, typically such photodetectors show high photosensitivity (∼3.5 × 105), which is defined as (Iphoto − Idark)/Idark, to above-band-gap irradiation. Under 1000 Hz light switching frequency, the response and recovery times of such photodetector are typically 82 and 179 μs, respectively, and the photoconductive gain is 28, greater than unity. The high photosensitivity and gain, as well as fast response speed, guarantee the feasibility of such self-powered photodetectors.
Corticosteroid Adverse Effects (2019)

Corticosteroids are hormone mediators produced by the cortex of adrenal glands that further categorize into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgenic sex hormones. They are used in a plethora of conditions, commonly called steroid-responsive disorders and dermatoses. Corticosteroids constitute a double-edged sword - significant benefit with a low incidence of adverse effects can be expected if used in proper dosage and for a limited duration; however, wrong dose and/or duration and unmindful withdrawal after prolonged administration can have catastrophic effects. Corticosteroids are used across all medical specialties. This activity reviews the must-know properties of this group of drugs, their broad indications and contraindications, ways of administration, adverse event profile, practical aspects of the pharmacokinetics of different molecules, monitoring essentials, approach to maximize the benefit and minimize adverse effects, and clinically relevant drug-interactions pertinent for all specialists whether used in isolation or administered by an interprofessional team.
Isolation, Characterization, and Heterologous Expression of the Biosynthesis Gene Cluster for the Antitumor Anthracycline Steffimycin (2006)

The biosynthetic gene cluster for the aromatic polyketide steffimycin of the anthracycline family has been cloned and characterized from "Streptomyces steffisburgensis" NRRL 3193. Sequence analysis of a 42.8-kbp DNA region revealed the presence of 36 open reading frames (ORFs) (one of them incomplete), 24 of which, spanning 26.5 kb, are probably involved in steffimycin biosynthesis. They code for all the activities required for polyketide biosynthesis, tailoring, regulation, and resistance but show no evidence of genes involved in L-rhamnose biosynthesis. The involvement of the cluster in steffimycin biosynthesis was confirmed by expression of a region of about 15 kb containing 15 ORFS, 11 of them forming part of the cluster, in the heterologous host Streptomyces albus, allowing the isolation of a biosynthetic intermediate. In addition, the expression in S. albus of the entire cluster, contained in a region of 34.8 kb, combined with the expression of plasmid pRHAM, directing the biosynthesis of L-rhamnose, led to the production of steffimycin. Inactivation of the stfX gene, coding for a putative cyclase, revealed that this enzymatic activity participates in the cyclization of the fourth ring, making the final steps in the biosynthesis of the steffimycin aglycon similar to those in the biosynthesis of jadomycin or rabelomycin. Inactivation of the stfG gene, coding for a putative glycosyltransferase involved in the attachment of L-rhamnose, allowed the production of a new compound corresponding to the steffimycin aglycon compound also observed in S. albus upon expression of the entire cluster.
Surface-associated and secreted factors of<i>Streptococcus suis</i>in epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine development (2009)

Streptococcus suis is an invasive porcine pathogen associated with meningitis, arthritis, bronchopneumonia and other diseases. The pathogen constitutes a major health problem in the swine industry worldwide. Furthermore, S. suis is an important zoonotic agent causing meningitis and other diseases in humans exposed to pigs or pork. Current knowledge on pathogenesis is limited, despite the enormous amount of data generated by 'omics' research. Accordingly, immunoprophylaxis (in pigs) is hampered by lack of a cross-protective vaccine against virulent strains of this diverse species. This review focuses on bacterial factors, both surface-associated and secreted ones, which are considered to contribute to S. suis interaction(s) with host factors and cells. Factors are presented with respect to (i) their identification and features, (ii) their distribution among S. suis and (iii) their significance for virulence, immune response and vaccination. This review also shows the enormous progress made in research on S. suis over the last few years, and it emphasizes the numerous challenging questions remaining to be answered in the future.
Globalization and user-interface design for the Web. (1999)

Dichotic listening performance using CV pairs was investigated in a group of 30 children, 15 good readers and 15 poor readers, aged 10-13 years. The results indicate that the poor readers did not demonstrate atypical laterality or phonetic processing effects, although there was a significant difference in their ability to identify both items on dichotic trials correctly. However, when the same stimuli were presented monotically, there was no difference in the performance of the groups. Additional testing indicated that the poor performance for the double-correct response class was also demonstrated in conditions where the dichotic stimuli were separated by as much as 500 and 1000 msec. These results support previous findings that reading-disabled children exhibit a deficit in their capacity to process two items on dichotic tasks. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of both neurological and auditory processing interpretations, and it is suggested that dichotic tasks are useful for investigating auditory processing problems in reading-disabled children.
Pentaketide Resorcylic Acid Synthesis by Type III Polyketide Synthase from Neurospora crassa (2007)

Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are responsible for aromatic polyketide synthesis in plants and bacteria. Genome analysis of filamentous fungi has predicted the presence of fungal type III PKSs, although none have thus far been functionally characterized. In the genome of Neurospora crassa, a single open reading frame, NCU04801.1, annotated as a type III PKS was found. In this report, we demonstrate that NCU04801.1 is a novel type III PKS catalyzing the synthesis of pentaketide alkylresorcylic acids. NCU04801.1, hence named 2'-oxoalkylresorcylic acid synthase (ORAS), preferred stearoyl-CoA as a starter substrate and condensed four molecules of malonyl-CoA to give a pentaketide intermediate. For ORAS to yield pentaketide alkylresorcylic acids, aldol condensation and aromatization of the intermediate, which is still attached to the enzyme, are presumably followed by hydrolysis for release of the product as a resorcylic acid. ORAS is the first type III PKS that synthesizes pentaketide resorcylic acids.
Solid-phase von Willebrand factor contains a conformationally active RGD motif that mediates endothelial cell adhesion through the alpha v beta 3 receptor (1993)

The interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) with the alpha v beta 3 integrin of human umbilical vein endothelial cells is dependent on the RGD sequence present at residues 1744–1746 of the mature vWF subunit. We compared vWF and its two dimeric fragments, SpIII (residues 1–1365) and SpII (residues 1366–2050), as adhesion substrates. Solid-phase vWF and SpII supported endothelial cell adhesion, whereas SpIII, which contains the glycoprotein (GP) Ib binding domain, did not. Soluble SpII inhibited adhesion to immobilized ligands, whereas soluble vWF did not, suggesting that exposure of the cell attachment domain involves a conformational modification of vWF. Dendroaspin and albolabrin, two RGD- containing peptides of the disintegrin family, were potent inhibitors of cell adhesion to vWF (IC50 approximately 15 nmol/L). Complete inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion to vWF was obtained in the presence of F(ab')2 of monoclonal antibody 9 to vWF, which blocks vWF binding to platelet GPIIb/IIIa. In contrast, monoclonal antibody 713 to vWF, which blocks its binding to platelet GPIb, did not inhibit cell adhesion to vWF. These results indicate that endothelial cell adhesion to vWF is mediated by an RGD-dependent interaction with alpha v beta 3, but does not seem to involve a GPIb-like receptor, and show the importance of the conformation of the RGD sequence.
Interactive data-centric viewpoint selection (2011)

We propose a new algorithm for automatic viewpoint selection for volume data sets. While most previous algorithms depend on information theoretic frameworks, our algorithm solely focuses on the data itself without off-line rendering steps, and finds a view direction which shows the data set's features well. The algorithm consists of two main steps: feature selection and viewpoint selection. The feature selection step is an extension of the 2D Harris interest point detection algorithm. This step selects corner and/or high-intensity points as features, which captures the overall structures and local details. The second step, viewpoint selection, takes this set and finds a direction that lays out those points in a way that the variance of projected points is maximized, which can be formulated as a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) problem. The PCA solution guarantees that surfaces with detected corner points are less likely to be degenerative, and it minimizes occlusion between them. Our entire algorithm takes less than a second, which allows it to be integrated into real-time volume rendering applications where users can modify the volume with transfer functions, because the optimized viewpoint depends on the transfer function.
Engineered Properties and Assays for Human DNase I Mutants (2003)

Human deoxyribonuclease (DNase I) is an important clinical agent currently used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (1). It is inhaled into the airways, where it degrades DNA to lower molecular weight fragments, thus reducing the viscoelasticity of CF sputum and improving lung function (2,3). In engineering DNase I, our goal was to address several properties that could not only provide more biochemical and pharmacological understanding, but might also result in a more efficacious clinical agent. This goal included engineering DNase I to improve its catalytic activity and to increase its resistance to inhibition by both G-actin and salt.
A Review on the Syntheses of the 9-Substituted Acridines (1970-1976) (1977)

A summary of synthetic wrks published in the 1970s is presented.Apart from the syntheses, mechanisms of the key steps in these reactions are included as well as spectral studies and biological properties of these newly obtained compounds are mentioned.1. Introduction 2 .Syntheses of the acridine system 3. 9-Qminoacridinea 4. 9-Alkylacridines 5. 9-Arylacridines 6. Acridans 7. 9-Acridanones 8 .Other 9-substituted acridines 9. References
A Theory of Network Equivalence— Part I: Point-to-Point Channels (2011)

A family of equivalence tools for bounding network capacities is introduced. Given a network <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> with node set <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> , the capacity of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is a set of non-negative vectors with elements corresponding to all possible multicast connections in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> ; a vector ℜ is in the capacity region for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> if and only if it is possible to simultaneously and reliably establish all multicast connections across <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> at the given rates. Any other demand type with independent messages is a special case of this multiple multicast problem, and is therefore included in the given rate region. In Part I, we show that the capacity of a network <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is unchanged if any independent, memoryless, point-to-point channel in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is replaced by a noiseless bit pipe with throughput equal to the removed channel's capacity. It follows that the capacity of a network comprised entirely of such point-to-point channels equals the capacity of an error-free network that replaces each channel by a noiseless bit pipe of the corresponding capacity. A related separation result was known previously for a single multicast connection over an acyclic network of independent, memoryless, point-to-point channels; our result treats general connections (e.g., a collection of simultaneous unicasts) and allows cyclic or acyclic networks.
Detection of Military Explosives by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Counter-Flow Introduction (2002)

To detect vapors from explosives, we have developed a new detection system based on a novel ion source for atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The direction of the sample gas flow introduced into the ion source is opposite to that of the ion flow produced by the ion source. We call this technique “counter-flow introduction” (CFI). The CFI ion source has high ionization efficiency for nitro-compounds and is installed in an ion-trap mass spectrometer. Our tests on various military explosives show that this system is suitable for practical on-line explosive detection; namely major explosives can be detected within a few seconds without any pretreatment of the sample gases.
High-frequency wave field estimation using Gaussian ray bundle superposition on Delaunay triangulation (2016)

Estimation of the electromagnetic field strength-intensity as well as polarization-is required to achieve accurate near real time modeling and prediction of high frequency (HF) channel response. We develop a novel approach for calculating these estimates using a combination of Delaunay triangulations and modified Gaussian ray bundles. This method allows for field intensity estimates at single-point locations anywhere on the surface of the Earth as well as global intensity over an area of regard. The scope of this paper is to give a general outline of this novel approach.
Oncogene‐induced cellular senescence elicits an anti‐<scp>W</scp>arburg effect (2013)

Cellular senescence, an irreversible cell cycle arrest induced by a diversity of stimuli, has been considered as an innate tumor suppressing mechanism with implications and applications in cancer therapy. Using a targeted proteomics approach, we show that fibroblasts induced into senescence by expression of oncogenic Ras exhibit a decrease of global acetylation on all core histones, consistent with formation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. We also detected clear increases in repressive markers (e.g. >50% elevation of H3K27me2/3) along with decreases in histone marks associated with increased transcriptional expression/elongation (e.g. H3K36me2/3). Despite the increases in repressive marks of chromatin, 179 loci (of 2206 total) were found to be upregulated by global quantitative proteomics. The changes in the cytosolic proteome indicated an upregulation of mitochondrial proteins and downregulation of proteins involved in glycolysis. These alterations in primary metabolism are opposite to the well-known Warburg effect observed in cancer cells. This study significantly improves our understanding of stress-induced senescence and provides a potential application for triggering it in antiproliferative strategies that target the primary metabolism in cancer cells.
FLT3: A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Target in Adult and Pediatric AML (2019)

Constitutively activated tyrosine kinases have been investigated for decades now for their role in the pathogenesis of different cancers. Tyrosine kinases, in particular, seem to be important in the development of hematologic malignancies, especially myeloid leukemias. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)/internal tandem duplication mutations have a prevalence of 10% to 17% in pediatric cute myeloid leukemia (AML), and FLT3 kinase domain mutations occur in another 7% of cases. AML samples harboring activating mutations consistently respond in vitro more dramatically than wild-type samples to FLT3 inhibition. FLT3 mutations occur much less frequently in childhood acute lymphoid leukemia than in adult or pediatric AML. The signaling properties of an FLT3 receptor with an ITD mutation differ from those of the wild-type receptor in a manner that clearly contributes to the process of leukemogenesis. CEP-701 is the only FLT3 inhibitor for which preclinical data are available specifically for pediatric AML.