gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy in the Noise Society (2004)

In this paper, an economic study of different levels of expected privacy, both individual and collective, is used to demonstrate that we live neither in a dystopian control society nor in a utopian privacy enhanced society, but rather in a noise society characterized by high collective expectations of privacy and low individual expectations of privacy. This has profound consequences for the design of privacy law, privacy enhancing technologies and the sociology of privacy.
The Human Rad54 Recombinational DNA Repair Protein Is a Double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase (1998)

DNA double-strand break repair through the RAD52 homologous recombination pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires, among others, the RAD51, RAD52, and RAD54 genes. The biological importance of homologous recombination is underscored by the conservation of the RAD52 pathway from fungi to humans. The critical roles of the RAD52 group proteins in the early steps of recombination, the search for DNA homology and strand exchange, are now becoming apparent. Here, we report the purification of the human Rad54 protein. We showed that human Rad54 has ATPase activity that is absolutely dependent on double-stranded DNA. Unexpectedly, the ATPase activity appeared not absolutely required for the DNA repair function of human Rad54 in vivo. Despite the presence of amino acid sequence motifs that are conserved in a large family of DNA helicases, no helicase activity of human Rad54 was observed on a variety of different DNA substrates. Possible functions of human Rad54 in homologous recombination that couple the energy gained from ATP hydrolysis to translocation along DNA, rather than disruption of base pairing, are discussed.
Altered Na/Ca exchange activity in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: a new target for therapy? (2002)

Increased Na/Ca exchange (NCX) expression may be part of the genetic reprogramming in cardiac remodeling. In this review we address the following questions: (1) Is increased NCX activity a general feature of cardiac remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure? (2) How does this contribute to the contractile and electrical phenotype of hypertrophy and heart failure? (3) Should be consider NCX a potential therapeutic target? From a review of the literature we found that NCX activity can be increased, unchanged, or even downregulated during cardiac remodeling. When NCX activity is increased, it can be considered compensatory for contractile function, but with negative side-effects, including an increased risk of arrhythmias. Changes in activity do not necessarily reflect changes in gene expression. Altered NCX activity can also be a consequence of changes in other Ca(2+) fluxes or in [Na(+)](i) homeostasis. The role of NCX in contractile alterations and arrhythmogenesis varies with the different stimuli or stages of cardiac remodeling. Pharmacological block of NCX in heart failure or hypertrophy may thus be useful, but most likely only in specific conditions, perhaps as part of a combined approach. Development of drugs that target only a specific mode of the exchanger may offer a further advantage.
Training IBM Watson Using Automatically Generated Question-Answer Pairs (2017)

IBM Watson is a cognitive computing system capable of question answering in natural languages. It is believed that IBM Watson can understand large corpora and answer relevant questions more effectively than any other question-answering system currently available. To unleash the full power of Watson, however, we need to train its instance with a large number of well-prepared question-answer pairs. Obviously, manually generating such pairs in a large quantity is prohibitively time consuming and significantly limits the efficiency of Watson’s training. Recently, a large-scale dataset of over 30 million question-answer pairs was reported. Under the assumption that using such an automatically generated dataset could relieve the burden of manual question-answer generation, we tried to use this dataset to train an instance of Watson and checked the training efficiency and accuracy. According to our experiments, using this auto-generated dataset was effective for training Watson, complementing manually crafted question-answer pairs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first attempt to use a large-scale dataset of automatically generated question-answer pairs for training IBM Watson. We anticipate that the insights and lessons obtained from our experiments will be useful for researchers who want to expedite Watson training leveraged by automatically generated question-answer pairs.
Luminescence radiation spectroscopy of silicon solar cells (2013)

At present there are known many of diagnostic methods of detection large crystal lattice defects of silicon solar cells. This paper deals about results of new potential in to use one of characteristics luminescence radiation for detection defects of solar cells. So polarization spectroscopy of defect in solar cells may be used to fitting characterization of silicon solar cells. And this can lead to understand the electrical properties of defects in silicon solar cells and study of really formation defects. We used extending existing electroluminescence technology about polarization spectroscopy to yield the polarization of luminescence radiation by defect in solar cells. Radiation emitted by the solar cell has a wave character that can interact with the silicon structures or hypothetically thin reflectance layer of solar cells. In our research we can observed the linear partially polarization luminescence light on poly-silicon crack defect. Spectral response of using CCD camera is approximately 300 to 1100 nm. Sinusoid dependence of luminescence intensity on the angle of linear polarization analyzer rotation shown this fact. The degree of polarization depends on the material, in this case the character of defect. Polarized light can be obtained in various ways. This fact opens up for potential next new questions in this widely course of study diagnostics defects silicon solar cells.
FragDB - Secure Localized Storage Based on Super-Distributed RFID-Tag Infrastructures (2007)

Smart environments and wearables will make the storage and subsequent sharing of digitized multimedia diaries and meeting protocols - whom we meet, or what we say or do - cheap and easy. However, controlling access to this data will become cumbersome if traditional forms of access control are to be used: overly restrictive rules might deny the potential of data sharing, while a lack of control could easily lead to Orwellian surveillance scenarios. This paper presents FragDB, a storage concept based on localized access control, where data storage and retrieval are bound to a specific place, rather than the knowledge of a particular password or certificate. FragDB uses tiny RFID tags embedded in the environment to compute a local key that is used to encrypt and decrypt data in a global storage system. We describe the design and implementation of an initial prototype.
THE SOILS OF KERMAN, SOUTH PERSIA (1958)

Summary No mature soils were observed in the area round Kerman, much of which was occupied by lithosols and regosols. The profiles of immature soils on the fine outwash alluvium occupying some of the broad valleys suggested that the zonal Great Soil Group would be a Reddish Desert Soil. Phosphate and potassium levels of cultivated soils on the fine alluvium are adequate or good; the total nitrogen content is low, though higher on cultivated than on uncultivated soils.
Power scalable and efficient 790-nm pumped Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber lasers (2006)

This report presents a discussion of the engineering issues and results of high power 2μm Tm<sup>3+</sup>-doped fibre lasers pumped at 790nm. To date we have achieved up to 85W from such devices with 54% slope efficiency relative to launched pump. More recently, through using Tm<sup>3+</sup> concentrations of approximately 4(wt.)% to enhance the cross-relaxation process (<sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub>,<sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub>-><sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub>,<sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub>) we have demonstrated slope efficiencies of up to 67% relative to launched power. This represented ~170% quantum slope efficiency for the 790nm pumped 2μm laser.
Reverse Micelle Based Formation of BaCO<sub>3</sub> Nanowires (1997)

A reverse micelle based approach is reported for the synthesis of BaCO3 nanowires with lengths up to 100 μm and diameters as small as 10−30 nm, each of which is a continuous single crystal with the c-axis along the wire length axis. The synthesis is achieved by the reaction of barium and carbonate ions solubilized in the polar cores of nonionic reverse micelles of C12E4 (tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether) in cyclohexane. The crystal growth of BaCO3 nanowires has been examined by electron microscopy observations, and a directional aggregation process is proposed for the nanowire formation.
Adenovirus E1A expression enhances the sensitivity of an ovarian cancer cell line to multiple cytotoxic agents through an apoptotic mechanism. (1997)

The introduction of adenovirus 5 E1A into the SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer cell line was shown previously to suppress HER2/neu expression and reduce the malignant potential of these cells (Yu et al., Cancer Res., 53: 891-898, 1993). In this report, we show that reduction of p185 in cells stably expressing E1A protein was coincident with increased sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. The LD50 of cisplatin was reduced 6-fold, and the LD50 of paclitaxel and doxorubicin was reduced 10-fold in E1A-expressing cells compared with control cells. The growth of SKOV3ip1 and control cells was unchanged in the presence of 150 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, whereas the growth of E1A-expressing cells was reduced by 30 to 40%. When we used a physiologically obtainable concentration of paclitaxel (0.5 microM), DNA laddering consistent with apoptotic cell death was seen after a 24-h exposure in the E1A-expressing cells, whereas laddering and DNA fragmentation were only detected in DNA from control cells after longer exposure (48 h) at a 20-fold higher concentration of paclitaxel. The SKOV3ip1 cells do not express p53 protein; hence, the induction of apoptosis by paclitaxel is through a p53-independent pathway. Despite their diverse mechanisms of action, the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were enhanced by the expression of E1A proteins in the SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer cells. This suggests that these agents share a common final pathway of cell killing, which may represent a potential therapeutic target in resistant ovarian cancers.
Analysis of color space and similarity measure impact on stereo block matching (2008)

The impact of color space and similarity measure on complexity, speed, and performance of stereo matching is especially important to applications adopting stereo vision. This work analyzed the complexity of several most commonly considered color space and similarity measure. In addition, the execution speed and performance of color space and similarity measure combination are also compared on the same basis. The comparison result suggests that the Y-only rank provides the best combination under speed and performance trade-off.
Breast cancer and fenretinide, an analogue of vitamin A. (1994)

Preclinical studies make fenretinide attractive for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. It inhibits mammary gland end bud formation in developing animals. Carcinogen-induced mammary cancer is suppressed by fenretinide, both at early and late stages of carcinogenesis, in young and mature rats. Fenretinide causes regression of invasive rat mammary cancer. Cytostatic activity has been demonstrated against human breast cancer cell lines. Autocrine stimulation of human breast cancer cell lines by tgf-alpha, insulin-like growth factors I and II is significantly abrogated by fenretinide. The human half-life is 24 hours. Absorption is markedly affected by meal content. Serum levels of 1 mM are achieved at doses of 200 mg/day. This dose significantly suppresses serum IGF-I levels in women. This concentration is capable of suppressing human breast cancer growth in vitro. A 3-day drug holiday is given each month in order to restore serum retinol levels. Under these circumstances, fenretinide is well tolerated. A phase III trial evaluating the efficacy of fenretinide for breast cancer prevention in high-risk women has been completed. Tamoxifen enhances the effectiveness of fenretinide in carcinogenesis models. The combination can be safely administered to women. A phase III adjuvant trial of tamoxifen, with or without fenretinide will be conducted in the United States.
Models of long term artificial selection in finite population (1986)

Summary The effects of population size and selection intensity, which are in the breeder's control, are investigated for ranges of values of quantities outside his control, namely the number, initial distribution of frequencies and effects of genes influencing the trait. Two alleles are assumed to be initially segregating at each locus, with no linkage, dominance or epistasis. The effects are assumed to follow a gamma distribution, using a wide range of its two parameters which specify both mean gene effect or selective value and the shape of the distribution, or the ratio of Wright's effective number to actual number of genes. The initial gene frequencies ( q ) are assumed to be either 0·5 at all loci, uniformly distributed over the range 0–1, or to have a U-shaped distribution, proportional to [ q (1 − q )] −1 such as derives from neutral mutation, with gene effect and frequency distributions independent. The mean and variance of selection response and limits, in the absence of new mutation, are derived. The shape of the distribution of effects is not usually important even up to the selection limit. With appropriate parametrization, the influence of the initial frequency distribution is small over a wide range of parameters. For reasonable choices of parameters, the effects of changing population size from those typically used in animal breeding programmes are likely to be small, but not negligible. For the initial U-shaped frequency distribution, further increases in population size are always expected to give a greater limit, regardless of present value, but not for the other distributions.
A new era for Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research (JECCR), the official journal of the Regina Elena National Cancer Institute [1] of Rome, has moved to BioMed Central's open access publishing platform. Overseen by the Editor-in-Chief Mauro Castelli and supported by an international Editorial Board [2], the journal aims to provide a high-quality forum for basic and translational work in oncology.

First launched in 1982, JECCR joined BioMed Central in order to provide rapid dissemination of scientific results to the widest possible global audience. Furthermore, authors submitting to JECCR can expect a fast turnaround time, benefitting from an efficient review process and publication immediately upon acceptance. JECCR's content will be widely indexed (for instance by PubMed, Medline, Thomson/ISI, Embase, and CAS) and covered by a range of freely accessible full-text archives [3].

JECCR publishes scientific studies on the biological, epidemiological, immunological, pathological, radiobiological, and clinical aspects of oncology. Topics considered range from molecular genetics via infectious agents to surgery and therapeutic approaches and outcomes. The broad oncological focus, combined with the Editors' experience in evaluating and conducting systematic reviews and developing clinical practice guidelines, makes JECCR an attractive forum for publishing reviews and guidelines. This focus, well documented in an Editorial by H. J. Schunemann [4], goes very well together with the approach now being widely applied by many international and national organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), Cochrane Collaboration, American College of Physicians (ACP), and the National Institutes for Health and Clinical Excellence in the U.K. (NICE).

In response to increasing requests JECCR has decided to devote particular attention to more specific areas of cancer investigation. To this end, specific sections and subsections under the supervision of expert Editors have been created: the new topics include Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), Lung and Pleural Tumors, and Preclinical Investigations in spontaneous animal models.

We believe that the new editorial changes combined with the advantages of BioMed Central's open access publishing platform will greatly improve JECCR's dissemination and visibility. The journal's online archive back to 1999 remains available from its old homepage. [5]
Analysis and Improvements of Two Identity-Based Perfect Concurrent Signature Schemes (2007)

The notion of concurrent signatures was introduced by Chen, Kudla and Paterson in their seminal paper in Eurocrypt 2004. In concurrent signature schemes, two entities can produce two signatures that are not binding, until an extra piece of information (namely the keystone) is released by one of the parties. Upon release of the keystone, both signatures become binding to their true signers concurrently. In ICICS 2005, two identity-based perfect concurrent signature schemes were proposed by Chow and Susilo. In this paper, we show that these two schemes are unfair. In which the initial signer can cheat the matching signer. We present a formal definition of ID-based concurrent signatures which redress the flaw of Chow et al.'s definition and then propose two simple but significant improvements to fix our attacks.
Poly(.ALPHA.-methyl-p-hydroxystyrene-co-methacrylonitrile) Based Single-Layer Resists for VUV Lithography: (1) Synthesis, Properties and Photochemistry. (2000)

Copolymers of tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene (BOCST) or tert-butoxycarbonyloxy-α-methylstyrene (BOCMST) and acrylomtrile (AN) or methacrylonitrile (MAN) were prepared as single-layer resists for VUV lithography. Terpolymers of MAN, BOCMST and p-hydroxystyrene (HST) were also prepared. On irradiation at 146nm crosslinking behavior was observed for the polymers which had tertiary hydrogen atoms in the main-chain. Replacement of the tertiary hydrogen atoms by methyl groups inhibited the crosslinking of the polymers. When poly (MAN-co-BOCMST) film containing triphenylsulfonium triflate was irradiated and followed by baking at a given temperature, the film became soluble in TMAH aqueous solution. Transmittance of the poly (MAN-co-BOCMST) film was 35% at 157nm for 0.1μm thickness.
Integration of face and speaker recognition by subspace method (1996)

In this paper, we propose a modified CLAFIC method in face recognition and speaker recognition. This method is derived by modifying a CLAFIC method commonly used in pattern recognition as a subspace method. The modified CLAFIC method translates subspace origin to the centroid of all the training data so that it can discriminate categories more precisely. We carried out face and speaker recognition by this modified CLAFIC method and showed the effectiveness. We also propose in this paper an integrated method of face and speaker recognition results in the subspace method. Input vectors are projected to the face and speaker subspaces, and then their squared lengths of the projected vectors are added. We carried out an integrated experiment of the face and speaker recognition and showed the effectiveness of this method.
Deep Geodesic Learning for Segmentation and Anatomical Landmarking (2018)

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework for anatomy segmentation and automatic landmarking. Specifically, we focus on the challenging problem of mandible segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and identification of 9 anatomical landmarks of the mandible on the geodesic space. The overall approach employs three inter-related steps. In the first step, we propose a deep neural network architecture with carefully designed regularization, and network hyper-parameters to perform image segmentation without the need for data augmentation and complex post-processing refinement. In the second step, we formulate the landmark localization problem directly on the geodesic space for sparsely-spaced anatomical landmarks. In the third step, we utilize a long short-term memory network to identify the closely-spaced landmarks, which is rather difficult to obtain using other standard networks. The proposed fully automated method showed superior efficacy compared to the state-of-the-art mandible segmentation and landmarking approaches in craniofacial anomalies and diseased states. We used a very challenging CBCT data set of 50 patients with a high-degree of craniomaxillofacial variability that is realistic in clinical practice. The qualitative visual inspection was conducted for distinct CBCT scans from 250 patients with high anatomical variability. We have also shown the state-of-the-art performance in an independent data set from the MICCAI Head-Neck Challenge (2015).
Birds, montane forest, state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil (2009)

Field surveys in montane Atlantic forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, provided a list of 82 bird species in four sites visited. Our protocol relied on standardized use of mist nets and observations. The birds recorded include 40 Atlantic forest endemics, three globally and two nationally Vulnerable species, and two regionally Endangered species. Data on species elevation are included and discussed. This work enhances baseline knowledge of these species to assist future studies in these poorly understood, but biologically important areas.
The vSLAM Algorithm for Navigation in Natural Environments (2005)

This article describes the Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAMTM) algorithm, a novel algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The algorithm is visionand odometry-based, and enables low-cost navigation in cluttered and populated environments. The algorithm creates visual landmarks that are highly distinctive and that can be reliably detected, virtually eliminating the data association problem present in other landmark schemes. No initial map is required, and dynamic changes in the environment, such as lighting changes, moving objects, and/or people are gracefully handled by the algorithm. Typically, vSLAM recovers quickly from dramatic disturbances, such as “kidnapping”.