gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Blood Sample Dual Isotope Method for the Measurement of Cholesterol Absorption in Rats (1972)

SummaryThe determination of cholesterol absorption in rats from a single blood sample is described. The method consists of dosing the rats with a collodial suspension of cholesterol-H intravenously and with cholesterol-14C orally. The ratio of 14C toH in plasma, 24 hr or more after isotope dosage, gives the fraction of the oral dose absorbed. The method was tested by comparison to fecal 14C-cholesterol excretion corrected for recirculated sterol and sterol degradation. The results of the two methods are in good agreement. Calculations based on a two-pool model show that the plasma ratio method should be applicable to studies in man, and would allow calculation of dietary cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis from plasma cholesterol specific activity data.The excellent technical assistance of L. Barry Hughes is appreciated.
Object-oriented genetic algorithms for two-dimensional design optimization of the magnetic circuit of a mobile magnetic resonance device (2001)

The mobile usage of a magnetic resonance imaging device commonly known as MRI requires a handy kind of magnetic circuit device for production of the main magnetic field B_0 . This device is called a Mobile Universal Surface Explorer (MOUSE). The requirements of homogeneity and field strength for MRI applications as well as low weight make great demands on the geometrical shape of the magnetic circuit. By genetic optimization of several FEM models of the MOUSE a suitable solution shall be found which meets the demanded requirements. The paper presents a genetic optimizer for static computation of the MOUSE' field distribution and describes the implementation using object-oriented design patterns.
Antiproliferative effects of γ-secretase inhibitor, a Notch signalling inhibitor, in multiple myeloma cells and its molecular mechanism of action (2013)

Inhibition of the Notch signalling pathway by GSI may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
High efficiency site‐specific genetic engineering of the mosquito genome (2006)

Current techniques for the genetic engineering of insect genomes utilize transposable genetic elements, which are inefficient, have limited carrying capacity and give rise to position effects and insertional mutagenesis. As an alternative, we investigated two site-specific integration mechanisms in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. One was a modified CRE/lox system from phage P1 and the other a viral integrase system from Streptomyces phage phi C31. The modified CRE/lox system consistently failed to produce stable germline transformants but the phi C31 system was highly successful, increasing integration efficiency by up to 7.9-fold. The ability to efficiently target transgenes to specific chromosomal locations and the potential to integrate very large transgenes has broad applicability to research on many medically and economically important species.
Neurological Complications of Cancer (Neurological Disease and Therapy, Vol. 37) (1995)

edited by RONALD G. WILEY, 550 pp., ill., New York, Marcel Dekker, 1995. $185.00.

As stated in the foreword by Dr. Jerome Posner, ``this book marks the emergence of neuro-oncology as a clinically relevant and important neurological discipline.'' Fittingly, all of the chapters have authors or coauthors who were trained by the father of neuro-oncology, Dr. Posner.

The …
Effects of Tempering Temperature on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of X22CrMoV12-1 Steel Used on Steam Turbine Blades (2018)

The development of manufacturing processes and materials for components of steam turbines are very important to increase the reliability and availability of power generation. These materials must have resistance to corrosion and creep, the effects of prolonged exposure to high temperature has a strong influence on metallurgical stability, causing them to fail in operation. Precipitation hardening stainless steels are thermally treated to improve their creep resistance through the formation of precipitates. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of tempering temperature on the microstructure and the creep resistance of X22CrMoV12-1 steel. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of the tempered samples showed a microstructure composed of martensite with M23C6 carbides located along the martensite slats. Higher tempering temperatures promoted reduction of hardness, yield and ultimate tensile with increased elongation. The X22CrMoV12-1 tempered steel at 690°C showed superior performance of its creep resistance among tempered temperatures tested.
Algorithms to Solve Hierarchically Semi-separable Systems (2007)

‘Hierarchical Semi-separable’ matrices (HSS matrices) form an important class of structured matrices for which matrix transformation algorithms that are linear in the number of equations (and a function of other structural parameters) can be given. In particular, a system of linear equations Ax = b can be solved with linear complexity in the size of the matrix, the overall complexity being linearly dependent on the defining data. Also, LU and ULV factorization can be executed ‘efficiently’, meaning with a complexity linear in the size of the matrix. This paper gives a survey of the main results, including a proof for the formulas for LU-factorization that were originally given in the thesis of Lyon [1], the derivation of an explicit algorithm for ULV factorization and related Moore-Penrose inversion, a complexity analysis and a short account of the connection between the HSS and the SSS (sequentially semi-separable) case. A direct consequence of the computational theory is that from a mathematical point of view the HSS structure is ‘closed’ for a number operations. The HSS complexity of a Moore-Penrose inverse equals the HSS complexity of the original, for a sum and a product of operators the HSS complexity is no more than the sum of the individual complexities.
What's new in MWD and formation evaluation. [Measurement while drilling (MWD)] (1993)

Formation evaluation provides information for characterizing reservoir properties. This paper discusses the recent developments in formation evaluation and includes: new elemental analysis logs to determine fluid saturations and other rock properties; array induction logs for better formation resistivity measurements; a new combination spectral density, neutron and spectral gamma ray log for porosity and lithology determination; dipole acoustic logs to obtain shear wave velocity measurements in acoustically slow rock; a resistivity imaging log with more borehole wall circumferential coverage; more versatile nuclear magnetism logs that do not require borehole fluid modification; slimhole wireline logging tools for quantitative evaluation of small diameter wellbores; a new sophisticated modular wireline test tool; more powerful computing capabilities on wireline logging surface units; x-ray computerized tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning of cores to obtain porosity, fluid saturation and other rock property information; mini-permeameters to take closely spaced permeability measurements on rock faces; mineral analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; microscopic and macroscopic core image analysis; quantitative fluorescence analysis of hydrocarbon shows; new measurement while drilling logs for porosity, borehole shape and size, and multi-depth of investigation formation resistivity measurements. Latest developments include new versatile wireline logs and test tools, powerful computers in loggingmore » surface units, more sophisticated MWD logs, better core and cuttings analysis methods, and a CD-ROM catalog of rock properties.« less
Dramatic Effect of Oxidation on Lithium Insertion in Carbons Made from Epoxy Resins (1995)

Carbons made by pyrolyzing epoxy povolak resins at 1000°C are made up predominantly of single graphene sheets, having a lateral dimension of about 25 Å, which are arranged somewhat like a "house of cards."This structure implies significant micro‐ or nanoporosity. Such carbons can reversibly react with large amounts of lithium in a mechanism thought to involve the adsorption of lithium on the internal surfaces of nanopores. We have studied the effect of controlled oxidation of these samples, which changes the pore structure, on the subsequent electrochemical insertion of lithium in these materials. Using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area measurements, methylene blue adsorption tests, powder x‐ray diffraction, and small angle x‐ray scattering (SAX), we are able to correlate the changes in pore structure to the electrochemical behavior of these samples. Initially, the pores are small (of the order of 15 Å), as are their openings, and the electrolyte cannot penetrate the pores, so excellent behavior is observed. Reversible specific capacities for Li as large as 570 mAh/g have been observed, with little irreversible capacity. As the samples are oxidized, the pores do not grow significantly in volume, as measured by SAX, but the size of their openings apparently does, to the point where the electrolyte can penetrate the pores, leading to irreversible electrolyte decomposition reactions during the first electrochemical reaction of lithium with the carbon, and hence large irreversible capacity. Burnoffs as small as 5% are enough to transform the samples from excellent to poor. In addition, chemisorbed oxygen (from the oxidation treatment) appears to react with lithium, leading to increases in both irreversible and reversible capacities. However, the reversible capacity due to the chemisorbed oxygen shows large hysteresis. A pictorial model is proposed that is consistent with the results.
Eye safe laser based DIRCM systems (2009)

To be effective a DIRCM must direct a Laser beam exceeding a certain power level towards the approaching missile. This power level inevitably leads to a potential laser hazard mainly regarding the eye safety of people potentially hit by the Laser beam. To evaluate this hazard the IEC 60825-1 is a well established international standard. This leads to the definition of a laser safety zone around the active DIRCM which can be as large as a few hundred meters. Therefore it cannot be excluded, that people are present within this zone. This Laser hazard is also a major topic for a civil or military DIRCM system certification. In this report we analyze the impact of various DIRCM designs on this safety zone as well as the resulting Laser hazard footprint at takeoff and landing. Also some technical means to make a DIRCM system inherently eye safe are discussed. As a result we come the conclusion that an eye safe DIRCM is possible, if appropriate measures are taken throughout the DIRCM system design.
Cancer in Families: A Study of the Relatives of 200 Breast Cancer Probands. (1960)

The purpose of this book was to see whether cancer occurred more frequently in the relatives of persons who had cancer than in the relatives of persons who did not and, if so, whether the difference was greater in some relationships than in others. An introductory section reviews previous research on the subject and draws valuable lessons as to methodology from the conflicting and inconclusive publications of the past. Section 2 describes the authors' methods and shows to what lengths the authors went to secure comparable groups of probands with and without cancer. The findings are summarized in 47 pages of tables and text in section 3 and lead (page 64) to the conclusion (section 4) that, if a familial tendency to develop cancer did exist, it was not strong enough to be detected in this sample of 200 breast cancer patients. A critical comparison with a previous study by
Secure Lightweight mobile payment protocol using symmetric key techniques (2012)

The way people do the business and transactions are changing drastically with the advent of Information Technology. The customer wants to access information, goods and services any time and in any place on his mobile device. Receiving financial data, trade on stock exchanges, accessing balances, paying bills and transfer funds are done through mobile phones. Due to involvement of valuable financial and personal information, the mobile phones are vulnerable to numerous security threats. Most common activity in M-Commerce is the payment to the merchant using a mobile phone. Due to the constraints of wireless networks and security requirements of Mobile payment, there is a need for light weight and secure protocols. In this paper we present a secure mobile payment protocol which is suitable for m-commerce to transfer the payment from wireless networks based on symmetric key cryptography. Our protocol performs less number of cryptographic operations and satisfies more security requirements compared to existing standard payment protocols like SET, iKP etc.
Association of the Lewis Blood-Group Phenotype with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women (1989)

Blood-group antigens are found on the surface of urothelial cells and may affect bacterial adherence and thereby the susceptibility to urinary tract infection. We determined the ABO, P, and Lewis blood-group phenotypes in 49 white women with histories of recurrent urinary tract infections and compared them with those found in 49 healthy control women without recurrent urinary tract infections. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the distribution of the ABO or P phenotypes. The distribution of Lewis blood-group phenotypes among control women was similar to that in the general population: secretor phenotype (Le(a-b+)), 74 percent; nonsecretor phenotype (Le(a+b-)), 18 percent; and recessive phenotype (Le(a-b-)), 8 percent. The following distribution was noted among the women with recurrent urinary tract infections: secretor phenotype, 45 percent; nonsecretor phenotype, 29 percent; and recessive phenotype, 26 percent (P = 0.002). When the women with nonsecretor and recessive phenotypes were combined and considered collectively, the odds ratio (an estimate of relative risk of recurrent urinary tract infection) for those without the secretor phenotype was 3.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 7.9). We conclude that there is an increased frequency of the Lewis blood-group nonsecretor (Le(a+b-] and recessive (Le(a-b-] phenotypes among women with recurrent urinary tract infections.
Von Romulus zu Augustus. Große Gestalten der römischen Republik (2017)

Rezension zu: Von Romulus zu Augustus. Große Gestalten der römischen Republik. Hrsg. v. K.-J. Hölkeskamp u. E. Stein-Hölkeskamp. München: Beck 2000. 394 S. (ISBN 3-406-46697-4).
Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy of Single Molecules (2015)

The magnetism of single atoms and molecules is governed by the atomic scale environment. In general, the reduced symmetry of the surrounding splits the d states and aligns the magnetic moment along certain favorable directions. Here, we show that we can reversibly modify the magnetocrystalline anisotropy by manipulating the environment of single iron(II) porphyrin molecules adsorbed on Pb(111) with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. When we decrease the tip-molecule distance, we first observe a small increase followed by an exponential decrease of the axial anisotropy on the molecules. This is in contrast to the monotonous increase observed earlier for the same molecule with an additional axial Cl ligand ( Nat. Phys. 2013 , 9 , 765 ). We ascribe the changes in the anisotropy of both species to a deformation of the molecules in the presence of the attractive force of the tip, which leads to a change in the d level alignment. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of a precise tuning of the magnetic anisotropy of an individual molecule by mechanical control.
A simple coculture system shows mutualism between anaerobic faecalibacteria and epithelial Caco-2 cells (2015)

Most gut bacteria are obligate anaerobes and are important for human health. However, little mechanistic insight is available on the health benefits of specific anaerobic gut bacteria. A main obstacle in generating such knowledge is the lack of simple and robust coculturing methods for anaerobic bacteria and oxygen-requiring human cells. Here, we describe the development of a coculture system for intestinal Caco-2 cells and an anaerobic symbiont, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, making use of 50 mL culture tubes. F. prausnitzii was grown in 40 mL YCFAG-agar with glass-adhered Caco-2 cells placed on top in 10 mL DMEM medium. Grown for 18-36 h in a humidified incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2, coverslip-attached Caco-2 cells promoted growth and metabolism of F. prausnitzii, while F. prausnitzii suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. F. prausnitzii did not compromise Caco-2 cell viability. Exogenously added porcine mucin also promoted growth of F. prausnitzii, suggesting that it may be part of the mechanism of Caco-2-stimulated growth of F. prausnitzii. This 'Human oxygen-Bacteria anaerobic' (HoxBan) coculturing system uniquely establishes host-microbe mutualism of a beneficial anaerobic gut microbe in vitro and principally allows the analysis of host-microbe interactions of pure and mixed cultures of bacteria and human cells.
Prime-boost vaccination with chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia Ankara encoding TRAP provides partial protection against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infection in Kenyan adults (2015)

Protective immunity to the liver stage of the malaria parasite can be conferred by vaccine-induced T cells, but no subunit vaccination approach based on cellular immunity has shown efficacy in field studies. We randomly allocated 121 healthy adult male volunteers in Kilifi, Kenya, to vaccination with the recombinant viral vectors chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), both encoding the malaria peptide sequence ME-TRAP (the multiple epitope string and thrombospondin-related adhesion protein), or to vaccination with rabies vaccine as a control. We gave antimalarials to clear parasitemia and conducted PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis on blood samples three times a week to identify infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. On Cox regression, vaccination reduced the risk of infection by 67% [95% confidence interval (CI), 33 to 83%; P = 0.002] during 8 weeks of monitoring. T cell responses to TRAP peptides 21 to 30 were significantly associated with protection (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.75; P = 0.016).
An ultra-short pulse laser lathe for axisymmetric micromachining of explosives (2007)

Engineers have devised a novel ultra-short pulse laser lathe system for bulk micromachining of axisymmetric features in energetic material samples with three-dimensional cylindrical geometry. One hundred twenty femtosecond pulses from an 800-nm Ti:sapphire laser were utilized to machine hexanitrostilbene (HNS) rods with diameters less than 200 micrometers and greater than 5:1 aspect ratio without ignition and subsequent bulk combustion or detonation. To date, this work represents the smallest energetic material rod structures fabricated by this technology. Results indicate that surface roughness is dependent upon rotation speed and feed rate. Valuable explosive nano-particles were discovered, collected, and analyzed as a byproduct of fabrication.
SAXS Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation then and now (2010)

A brief overview is given of the development of instruments and methods for synchrotron radiation small angle scattering and diffraction on biological systems and synthetic polymers. It is shown that many of the developments were largely accidental and although there were a number of innovations, in most cases other fields provided the sources of novelty.
Hydroxocobalamin Treatment for Carbon Monoxide Exposures: Characterizing Hemoglobin Changes and Testing for Neurological Sequelae (2014)

Prior work in our lab has indicated that reduced Hydroxocobalamin (B12r) can be added to human blood and is able to convert carbon monoxide (CO) into carbon dioxide. This has great potential as a direct antidote to mitigate the toxic effects of CO poisoning which is a public health risk. In the first part of our work, we use highly specific wavelengths of light and Raman spectroscopy to study changes in Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) between blood treated with oxygen and blood treated with oxygen and B12r in a flowing circuit of blood. Using Raman spectroscopy, we found that the addition of B12r hastens the conversion of the COHb Raman signals to Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) Raman signals. In addition, the B12r absorbance of light energy within the Raman spectrum is an exploitable relationship that can be used to measure B12r presence in the blood. In part two of our study we focused on the neurobehavioral testing of rats injured by CO exposure, however, we were not able to find statistical differences in the behavioral tests between exposed and unexposed rats.
Energy efficiency analysis and comparison of transmission technologies for an electric vehicle (2010)

Electric vehicles are seen as the most promising solution to convert sustainable energy into drive energy. However, there are still some major (technological) challenges, e.g., in terms of maximizing range anxiety, minimizing battery costs and charging time. A possible solution, in order to improve the relative limited range (100-200 km), battery life time and ultimate costs, is utilization, e.g., of a transmission technology between the electric machine and driven wheels. The main research question of this paper is, what are the effects of transmission types (fixed, manual, continuously variable) and parameters (final drive ratio, efficiency) on the overall (battery-to-wheel) efficiency and performance of an electric vehicle? A backwards-simulation model from the wheels (load) to the batteries (source) has been developed to simulate an electric vehicle on a representative drive cycle (NEDC, FTP75). The model incorporates rotating (drive train) inertias, different transmission types, regenerative braking, battery efficiency and a shift strategy optimization algorithm based on Dynamic Programming (DP). The results show that with an optimized shifting strategy compared to a prescribed strategy using a Manual Transmission (MT) a maximum energy saving of 6% is possible. The conventional push-belt Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is less energy efficient and needs more battery energy for driving compared to a fixed-gear transmission type. Mainly, caused by the typically lower CVT efficiency. Further, it was found that reducing the final drive ratio improves the overall efficiency. The range in which the electric motor operates was shifted to higher angular velocity resulting in higher efficiency operating points. If the transmission efficiency of all the transmission types are equal assumed, then the CVT is typically the most energy efficient transmission type. For example, an energy saving of 7% is calculated compared to a well-selected fixed-gear ratio transmission type.