gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
U937 cells deprived of endogenous annexin 1 demonstrate an increased PLA<sub>2</sub> activity (1998)

Annexin 1 (An 1), a phospholipid and calcium binding protein, is strongly expressed in differentiated U 937 cells. In attempting to correlate the expression of An 1 with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, U 937 cells were stably transfected both with a Sense and Antisense cDNA for An 1. PLA2 activity was measured by Flow cytometry analysis utilizing the bis-Bodipy-C11-PC fluorescent probe. U 937 cells stably transfected with the sense or antisense vectors were differentiated for 24 h with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 6 ng ml(-1)). Both in undifferentiated and differentiated cells, the Antisense clone (36.4 AS) showed consistently higher PLA2 activity than the control Sense clone (15 S). Since the fluorescent probe measures the total PLA2 activity, we used two different stimuli, PMA: (100 ng ml(-1)) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng ml(-1)), and two different inhibitors, to discriminate the PLA2 involved (namely arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone or AACOCF3, which is specific for the cytosolic PLA2, and SB 203347 specific for the secretory PLA2). In the Antisense clone the inhibitory effect of AACOCF was stronger [68%, P<0.025] than in the Sense, which may reflect the lower endogenous level of An 1 present in the cells. On the contrary, the inhibitory effect of SB 203347 [60% of inhibition] was identical in both clones. Since cPLA2 activity is correlated with its phosphorylation, Western and shift blot analysis were performed. They did not show any significative difference between the phosphorylated and non phosphorylated form of the enzyme in both the differentiated or not, Sense and Antisense clones. Furthermore the tyrosine phosphorylation analysis of An 1 showed that less than 10% of An 1 was phosphorylated irrespective of PMA presence or absence. From the pattern of inhibition observed, we propose that the endogenous unphosphorylated form of An 1 may act intracellularly to block the activity of a cytosolic PLA2.
Molecular cloning and characterization of splice variants of human RAD50 gene (1999)

In this report, splice variants of human RAD50 (hRAD50) were cloned and characterized. A Northern blot survey identified two transcripts that hybridized to a hRAD50 cDNA clone, an upper faint band (5.9kb) and lower dense band (4.6kb). cDNA clones (hRAD50-2, 4.6kb) encompassing the entire hRAD50 transcript but having a shorter 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) than the previously reported hRAD50-1 cDNA (5.9kb; Dolganov, G.M., Maser, R.S., Novikov, A., Tosto, L., Chong, S., Bressan, D.A., Petrini, J.H.J., 1996. Human Rad50 is physically associated with human Mre11: Identification of a conserved multiprotein complex implicated in recombinational DNA repair. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 4832-4841.) were isolated. The presence of AU-rich sequences in the 3'UTR of hRAD50-1, which define mRNA instability and Northern results, suggest that hRAD50-2 is the major transcript of hRAD50. A third alternative splice variant that lacks the ATP-binding domain was also identified (hRAD50-3, approximately 4.5kb). Expression of hRAD50-3 transcript was detected in all tissues examined by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and nested DNA-PCR analyses. Expression of hRAD50 partially rescued the MMS (methyl methanesulfonate)-sensitive phenotype in rad50 mutant yeast, whereas hRAD50-3 did not show complementation. These data suggest that the hRAD50-3 does not repair DNA double-strand breaks most likely due to its inability to bind ATP, and to bind damaged DNA. The existence of these alternative splice forms is potentially important in regulation of the biological activity of the DNA recombinational repair gene, hRAD50.
Control of a simulated wing structure with multiple segmented control surfaces (2013)

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that a wing with segmented control surfaces can redistribute its load, inboard or outboard, in order to perform active shape control while still maintaining level flight. Methods will be presented for controlling the plunge deflections of an aircraft wing structure. One possible solution to improving the flight envelope is a wing design with multiple segmented control surfaces all along its span. This will give an aircraft far more control over its lift distribution in comparison to a typical wing. In order to construct a wing with segmented trailing edges, it must first be shown that deflections under lift loads can be controlled. This paper introduces the research performed by the Structures, Propulsion, and Controls Engineering (SPACE) Center using a Fiber-Optic Strain-Sensing (FOSS) system that is currently implemented on the Odyssey UAV. The research will use a set of strain-based Displacement Transfer Functions (DTF) and the FOSS System both of which were developed at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC). Aerodynamic loads are obtained through the use of the software Athena Vortex Lattice (AVL). In addition, structural modeling is carried out with the use of finite element software. The results indicate that the shape of a wing structure can be controlled through the manipulation of segmented control surfaces to re-distribute lifting loads.
Homo- and Copolymerization of 4-Methyl-1-pentene and Ethylene with Group 4 <i>a</i><i>nsa</i>-Cyclopentadienylamido Complexes (2001)

A new monocyclopentadienylamido complex, [η5:η1-(2,3-Me2Benz[e]Ind)SiMe2NtBu]TiCl2 (I), was synthesized as catalyst precursor. The studies on the homopolymerization and copolymerization of 4-methyl-1-pentene (P) and ethylene (E) were presented, by comparing complex I with other CpA complexes and Cp2M zirconocenes. The complex I, activated with methylaluminoxane, provided an enhanced copolymerization activity, an excellent incorporation of 4-methyl-1-pentene into the polyethylene chain, and an increased copolymer molecular weight. Analysis of 13C NMR spectra of polymers, combined with the monomer reactivity ratios and the polymerization results, demonstrated that the regioselectivity of monomer insertion, tacticity, productivity, molecular weights, and polymer microstructure are significantly dependent on the ligand substitution pattern and the metal atom in CpA complexes. The CpA I-derived poly(4-methyl-1-pentene-co-ethylene)s contained a significant amount of regioirregular arrangement of 4-methyl-1-pentene unit, but with no virtually consecutive 4-methyl-1-pentene sequence. In contrast, the [η5:η1-(Me4C5)SiMe2NtBu]TiCl2 (IV)-derived copolymers revealed the small clustered sequence (e.g., EPPE) but without any regioirregular arrangement of 4-methyl-1-pentene units. The copolymers prepared with [η5:η1-(Flu)SiMe2NtBu]TiCl2 (VI) not only showed quite different microstructure from that based on catalysts I and IV but also manifested the more pronounced tendency to form an alternating distribution of monomers in the polymer chains. Furthermore, the VI-derived copolymer contained neither a regioregular insertion of comonomer nor the consecutive 4-methyl-1-pentene sequences.
Synthetically defined glycoprotein vaccines: current status and future directions (2013)

Primary examples in vaccine design have shown good levels of carbohydrate-specific antibody generation when raised using extracted or fully synthetic capsular polysaccharide glycans covalently coupled to a protein carrier. Herein, we cover recent clinical developments of carbohydrate-based vaccines and describe how novel cutting-edge methodology for the total synthesis of oligosaccharides and for the precise placement of carbohydrates at pre-determined sites within a protein may be used to further improve the safety and efficacy of glycovaccines.
Expression and Function of the Human Estrogen Receptor in Yeast (1988)

Gene expression in eukaryotes is regulated at many levels. Notably, initiation of transcription is controlled by many proteins in addition to those of the basic transcription apparatus (Ptashne 1986; Guarente 1988). Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the basic control mechanisms of transcription initiation have been conserved across the range of eukaryotes from yeast to man (Guarente 1988). As in mammalian promoters, initiation from yeast promoters is controlled by TATA elements (Guarente 1987; Struhl 1987a). Generally, yeast promoters also contain upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements that function in an orientation- and somewhat distance-independent fashion, thereby displaying the characteristics of higher eukaryotic enhancer elements (Wasylyk 1988). UAS elements represent binding sites for transcription regulatory proteins, such as GAL4 (Johnston 1987) and GCN4 (Hope and Struhl 1986). Detailed molecular genetic analyses have shown that these proteins consist of discrete and separable DNA-binding and transcription-activating domains (Brent and Ptashne 1985; Hope and Struhl...
Intermediate frequency lamb wave coupled resonator filters for RF receiver architectures (2007)

This article presents a novel IF channel for ultra-low power RF receiver architectures. These filters are based on the acoustic coupling of two high quality factor (Q above 1000) Lamb Wave resonators. Acoustical coupling is introduced to controlled filter bandwidth through a periodic guide. These small form-factor filters are above-IC compatible and potentially suitable for co-integration with FBAR BAW technology. A 233 MHz high impedance (1 kOmega) 650 kHz band pass filter with low insertion loss (-5.7 dB) and high out-of-band rejection (-35 dB) has been developed and measured.
A low-power low-jitter adaptive-bandwidth PLL and clock buffer (2003)

A multi-context programmable on-chip communication network is implemented using a matrix of Flash-EEPROM pass-transistor switches (FPT) in a 0.18/spl mu/m technology. The prototype 8-context, 8/spl times/8 64b crossbar includes 576k FPT and >8k bi-directional tristate repeaters in an area of 1.38mm/sup 2/. Based on 2/spl times/2 building blocks, wave pipelining and elastic interconnect, data is transferred at 6.4Gb/s per channel, with independent clocks at both ends.
Polystyrene-grafted Carbon Fibers: Surface Properties and Adhesion to Polystyrene (2005)

It is highly desirable to improve attractive interactions between carbon fibers and unreactive thermoplastic matrices to the possible maximum. This could be achieved by a simple grafting process to create a covalently bonded interface or interlayer, which should result in cohesive interactions between the polymer-grafted fibers and the same matrix material, leading to a better adhesion strength in the obtained composite material. Here, we are describing the grafting of styrene onto unmodified and unsized carbon fibers via free-radical bulk polymerization in the presence of fibers. After grafting, the surface properties of the carbon fiber approach those of pure polystyrene which was proven by contact angle and zeta (ζ) potential measurements. As indicated by the water contact angle, the carbon fiber surface becomes more hydrophobic. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides evidence of grafted polymer. This simple procedure results in a continuous polystyrene coating. The fiber diameter increases significantly after polymer grafting. The adhesion and fracture behavior between the original and polystyrene-grafted carbon fibers to a polystyrene (VESTYRON ® ) matrix was characterized using the single-fiber pull-out test. There is a considerable increase in the measurable adhesion, i.e., the interfacial shear strength IFSS , by almost 300% between the grafted fibers and polystyrene as compared to untreated original fibers. Two planes of interfacial failure could be distinguished; first in the fiber coating interface leading to lower interfacial shear strength and second in the PS-matrix-PS-coating interphase resulting in a higher interfacial shear strength. In addition to the improved adhesion, there are also clear differences in the pull-out behavior between the nongrafted and grafted fibers. After the initial debonding process corresponding to the maximal pull-out force is completed, the pull-out force is increasing again.
Application of a broadband blue laser diode to trace NO_2 detection using off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (2011)

We applied for the first time, to our knowledge, broadband off-beam quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (BB-OB-QEPAS) to trace NO2 detection using a broadband blue laser diode centered at 450 nm. A detection limit of 18 ppbv (parts in 10(9) by volume) for NO2 in N2 at atmospheric pressure was achieved with an average laser power of 7 mW at a 1 s integration time, which corresponds to a 1 σ normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.1×10(-9) cm(-1) W=Hz(1=2). An Allan variance analysis was performed to investigate the long-term stability of the BB-OB-QEPAS-based NO2 sensor.
Issues in Distribution Center Relocation (2015)

This paper examines distribution center relocation where a firm needs to move from a current distribution center to a new distribution center in a different location. The authors present a decision framework as well as a case study of a pharmaceutical distribution company that recently underwent a distribution center relocation. One of the major factors in determining how to accomplish this relocation is the customers’ service expectations especially if customers will not tolerate a disruption in deliveries or if they expect all product to be a single delivery. The capabilities of the firm to handle operate both distribution centers simultaneously is another consideration. Lastly, firms need to determine the cost of the relocation including transportation, inventory, and additional picking costs.
Muse Metasearch: Beyond Federated Searching (2006)

The Muse Metasearch Engine is not just federated search. This paper discusses search and finding issues, focusing on the complexities and difficulties of these processes, and then describes how Muse is the “middle ground of search.” Muse pulls together content from multiple databases, repositories, and search engines—the most critical factor in the success of “publishing” comprehensive content. The author then describes what is needed to provide a comprehensive metasearch publishing environment.
THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA-A REVIEWIII. MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC ACTIVITIES1 (1972)

This is the third and final section of a review of the propionic-acid bacteria. This section discusses some of their miscellaneous metabolic activities such as: erythritol metabolism, formation of diacetyl-acetoin and vitamin B12, production of volatile compounds not previously mentioned, propionin (an antiviral agent), lipids and phospholipids, and slime formation, Concluding comments provide a brief summary of particular points of interest.
Does the A·T or G·C Base-Pair Possess Enhanced Stability? Quantifying the Effects of CH···O Interactions and Secondary Interactions on Base-Pair Stability Using a Phenomenological Analysis and ab Initio Calculations (2007)

An empirically based relationship between overall complex stability (-DeltaG degrees ) and various possible component interactions is developed to probe the question of whether the A.T/U and G.C base-pairs exhibit enhanced stability relative to similarly hydrogen-bonded complexes. This phenomenological approach suggests ca. 2-2.5 kcal mol-1 in additional stability for A.T owing to a group interaction containing a CH...O contact. Pairing geometry and the role of the CH...O interaction in the A.T base-pair were also probed using MP2/6-31+G(d,p) calculations and a double mutant cycle. The ab initio studies indicated that Hoogsteen geometry is preferred over Watson-Crick geometry in A.T by ca. 1 kcal mol-1. Factors that might contribute to the preference for Hoogsteen geometry are a shorter CH...O contact, a favorable alignment of dipoles, and greater distances between secondary repulsive sites. The CH...O interaction was also investigated in model complexes of adenine with ketene and isocyanic acid. The ab initio calculations support the result of the phenomenological approach that the A.T base-pair does have enhanced stability relative to hydrogen-bonded complexes with just N-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds.
Sensor-assisted video mapping of the seafloor (2005)

In recent years video surveys have become an increasingly important ground-truthing of acoustic seafloor characterization and benthic habitat mapping studies. However, the ground-truthing and detailed characterization provided by video are still typically done using sparse sample imagery supplemented by physical samples. Combining single video frames in a seamless mosaic can provide a tool by which imagery has significant areal coverage, while at the same time showing small fauna and biological features at mm resolution. The generation of such a mosaic is a challenging task due to height variations of the imaged terrain and decimeter scale knowledge of camera position. This paper discusses the current role of underwater video survey, and the potential for generating consistent, quantitative image maps using video data, accompanied by data that can be measured by auxiliary sensors with sufficient accuracy, such as camera tilt and heading, and their use in automated mosaicking techniques. The camera attitude data also provide the necessary information to support the development of a video collage. The collage provides a quick look at the large spatial scale features in a scene and can be used to pinpoint regions that are likely to yield useful information when rendered into high-resolution mosaics. It is proposed that high quality mosaics can be produced using consumer-grade cameras and low-cost sensors, thereby allowing for the economical scientific video surveys. A case study is presented with the results from benthic habitat mapping and the ground-truthing of seafloor acoustic data using both real underwater imagery and simulations. A computer modeling of the process of video data acquisition (in particular on a non-flat terrain) allows for a better understanding of the main sources of error in mosaic generation and for the choice of near-optimal processing strategies. Various spatial patterns of video survey coverage are compared and it is shown that some patterns have certain advantages in the sense of accumulated error and overall mosaic accuracy.
Detection of Airborne Inoculum of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and H. albidus during Seasonal Fluctuations Associated with Absence of Apothecia (2015)

Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an invasive fungal species causing the most serious disease of ashes (Fraxinus spp.) in Europe—ash dieback. The biology of this fungus is not totally elucidated, neither its relation to the saprophytic species Hymenoscyphus albidus, native in Europe. Our study is focused on the description of seasonal spore dispersal of both fungi and its relation to meteorological conditions, which is needed for more precise and effective control of the disease. For this experiment one long time infected mixed forest in the SE Czech Republic was chosen. A seven-day automatic volumetric spore trap and a weather station were installed to continuously sample the aerospora from April to October 2014. In seven periods a rotating arm spore trap was also used to obtain 48-h air samples to compare the efficiency of these two types of air samplers. Air samples were evaluated solely by qPCR with a very low detection limit. Results show co-occurrence of inoculum of both fungi throughout the entire sampling period with peak levels in August. The origin of the inoculum sampled in the periods without apothecia is discussed. Air-inoculum occurrence of both fungi is significantly correlated with each other, suggesting their coexistence in this forest.
Root-knot nematodes and bacterial Nod factors elicit common signal transduction events in <i>Lotus japonicus</i> (2005)

The symbiosis responsible for nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules is initiated by rhizobial signaling molecules [Nod factors (NF)]. Using transgenically tagged microtubules and actin, we dynamically profiled the spatiotemporal changes in the cytoskeleton of living Lotus japonicus root hairs, which precede root-hair deformation and reflect one of the earliest host responses to NF. Remarkably, plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN) invoke a cytoskeletal response identical to that seen in response to NF and induce root-hair waviness and branching in legume root hairs via a signal able to function at a distance. Azide-killed nematodes do not produce this signal. A similar response to RKN was seen in tomato. Aspects of the host responses to RKN were altered or abolished by mutations in the NF receptor genes nfr1, nfr5, and symRK, suggesting that RKN produce a molecule with functional equivalence to NF, which we name NemF. Because the ability of RKN to establish feeding sites and reproduce was markedly reduced in the mutant lines, we propose that RKN have adapted at least part of the symbiont-response pathway to enhance their parasitic ability.
A NEW METHOD OF POLARIZATION MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS (1963)

A new method of polarized light analysis is described in which a highly sensitive electronic detector specific for birefringence is used to identify the crystalline axes of an object and then measure its phase retardation due to birefringence. The microscopic system employed in the method consists of an electronic birefringence detection system (BDS), a microscope with strain-free lenses, and a driven stage for passing the specimen at appropriate velocities across the image of an aperture placed at the field stop and imaged in the specimen plane by the condenser. The detector registers retardations directly as voltage at a constant deflection sensitivity of ca. 1.1 v per angstrom unit over a range of 120 angstrom units. The basal rms noise level is 0.002 A for a spot 36 micro in diameter formed by a 95 x, N. A. 1.25 objective pair, and increases in proportion to the reciprocal of the diameter of the scanning spot. The increase in noise with high resolution scanning can be offset by increasing the instrumental time constant, which is adjustable in decades between 0.004 and 0.4 seconds. A number of difficult problems in high extinction polarization microscopy are avoided by the use of modulated light and a rapid electronic detector. For example: (a) The measured distribution of birefringence is unaffected by the usual diffraction anomaly; therefore polarization rectifiers are not required. (b) The detector is selective for birefringence, so that there is no problem in separating contrast due to different optical properties (e.g. dichroism, light scattering). (c) The speed and sensitivity are both increased by between one and two orders of magnitude over that attainable by visual or photographic methods, thereby rendering a vast number of weakly birefringent, light-scattering, and motile objects readily analyzable for the first time with polarized light.
<i>N</i>-Halosuccinimide/BF<sub>3</sub>−H<sub>2</sub>O, Efficient Electrophilic Halogenating Systems for Aromatics (2004)

N-Halosuccinimides (NXS, 1) are efficiently activated in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and BF(3)-H(2)O, allowing the halogenations of deactivated aromatics. Because BF(3)-H(2)O is more economic, easy to prepare, nonoxidizing, and offers sufficiently high acidity (-H(0) approximately 12, only slightly lower than that of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid), an efficient new electrophilic reagent combination of NXS/BF(3)-H(2)O has been developed. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G//B3LYP/6-31G level suggest that protonated N-halosuccinimides undergo further protosolvation at higher acidities to reactive superelectrophilic species capable either in the transfer of X(+) from the protonated forms of NXS to the aromatic substrate or in forming a highly reactive and solvated X(+) which would readily react with the aromatic substrates. Structural aspects of the BF(3)-H(2)O complex have also been investigated.