gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality-Wireless Local Area Network: Wireless Connection-Oriented Virtual Reality Architecture for Next-Generation Virtual Reality Devices (2018)

In order to enhance the user experience of virtual reality (VR) devices, multi-user VR environments and wireless connections should be considered for next-generation VR devices. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based wireless communication devices are popular consumer devices with high throughput and low cost using unlicensed bands. However, the use of WLANs may cause delays in packet transmission, owing to their distributed nature while accessing the channel. In this paper, we carefully examine the feasibility of wireless VR over WLANs, and we propose an efficient wireless multiuser VR communication architecture, as well as a communication scheme for VR. Because the proposed architecture in this paper utilizes multiple WLAN standards, based on the characteristics of each set of VR traffic, the proposed scheme enables the efficient delivery of massive uplink data generated by multiple VR devices, and provides an adequate video frame rate and control frame rate for high-quality VR services. We perform extensive simulations to corroborate the outstanding performance of the proposed scheme.
Rapid Quantification of Disease-Marker Proteins Using Continuous-Flow Immunoseparation in a Nanosieve Fluidic Device (2009)

Nanometer-scale fluidic devices offer an alternative to gels for separating biomolecules with better control and accuracy. Here we demonstrate the quantitative analysis of disease-marker proteins by continuously separating the antibody-protein immunocomplexes from the unbound antibodies, utilizing the anisotropically patterned nanosieve array (ANA) structures. The ANA structures, composed of periodically patterned deep channels and shallow regions, allow the small antibodies to pass through the shallow regions easier than the large immunocomplex, when the flow-field is applied in an oblique direction. We examined two proteins used as disease markers, human C-reactive protein (CRP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), by using fluorescent-labeled polyclonal antibodies. We showed that the size of the immunocomplex and the field strength are the critical factors for the separation, and we successfully demonstrated the quantification of the proteins in the range of 0.05 to 10 microg/mL. Additionally, this device allows a convenient measurement of homogeneous binding kinetics, without the need for repeated binding experiments and immobilizing the molecules. The presented nanofluidic device will be a useful tool for the rapid quantification and the preparative immunoseparation of the target proteins.
A Self-Aligned Sacrificial Emitter Process for High Performance SiGe HBT in BiCMOS (2013)

A self-aligned sacrificial emitter (SASE) process has been successfully developed in a BiCMOS technology. Selective epitaxy of SiGe originally developed for sub-100 nm CMOS nodes is used for a raised extrinsic base. Process integration includes building a sacrificial emitter pedestal using a CMOS gate-like etch, isolation of the emitter to extrinsic base by oxide CMP, and oxide recess etch to expose the emitter window for the in-situ doped emitter. Electrical results are shown to be comparable to hardware manufactured using other BiCMOS integration schemes. An intriguing growth mode of selective epitaxy has been found to have higher growth rate for high index planes.
A New Polymer Application for North Sea Reservoirs (2009)

Summary Field trials have demonstrated increased oil recovery by injection of colloidal dispersion gels (CDG). Characteristics of these trials include reservoirs characterized by high permeability heterogeneity and low injection water salinities. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been attributed to improved waterflood sweep in the rather heterogeneous reservoirs where this method has been applied. This study presents an investigation of the applicability of CDG at higher salinity, and particularly sandstone North Sea oil reservoir applications. Earlier laboratory work and field trials involving CDG have involved relatively low reservoir temperatures and low injection water salinity (≈5000 μg/g). This study involves experiments at high temperature (85°C) and salinity (≈35 000 μg/g). When crosslinking is complete, the CDG solutions have slightly lower viscosities than the corresponding polymer solutions, and they also appear to be more stable at high temperatures. In preparation for a field pilot, several coreflood experiments have been conducted. Significant increase in oil recovery resulting from CDG injection has increased the interest for a field trial in a North Sea oil field. On average, 40% of the remaining oil after waterflooding was produced by CDG injection in linear core-floods, and a mechanism of microscopic diversion is proposed to explain these results. Our hypothesis is that CDG injection can contribute as an EOR method, giving both a microscopic diversion and a macroscopic sweep.
High power Li-Ion battery charger for electric vehicle (2011)

The manuscript presents a 50KW vehicle battery fast charger prototype design. The charger is basically a two-stage controlled rectifier with power factor correction. The input stage consists of a three phase full bridge rectifier combined with a shunt active power filter. The input stage creates an uncontrolled pulsating DC bus while complying with the grid codes by regulating the THD and power factor according to the permissible limits. The output stage is formed by six interleaved parallel groups of two DC-DC converters, fed by the uncontrolled DC bus and performing the charging process. Two independent control boards are employed: active filter control circuitry and the DC-DC control circuitry. The former is operated according to the predetermined grid interfacing behavior, while the operation of the latter is dictated by the requests from the Battery Management System (BMS). The charger is capable of operating in any of the two typical charging modes: Constant Current and Constant Voltage. Control loops are briefly explained throughout the paper and extended simulation/experimental results are presented.
Design-Based Peptidomimetic Ligand Discovery to Target HIV TAR RNA Using Comparative Analysis of Different Docking Methods (2016)

Discovering molecules capable of binding to HIV trans-activation responsive region (TAR) RNA thereby disrupting its interaction with Tat protein is an attractive strategy for developing novel antiviral drugs. Computational docking is considered as a useful tool for predicting binding affinity and conducting virtual screening. Although great progress in predicting protein-ligand interactions has been achieved in the past few decades, modeling RNA-ligand interactions is still largely unexplored due to the highly flexible nature of RNA. In this work, we performed molecular docking study with HIV TAR RNA using previously identified cyclic peptide L22 and its analogues with varying affinities toward HIV-1 TAR RNA. Furthermore, sarcosine scan was conducted to generate derivatives of CGP64222, a peptide-peptoid hybrid with inhibitory activity on Tat/TAR RNA interaction. Each compound was docked using CDOCKER, Surflex-Dock and FlexiDock to compare the effectiveness of each method. It was found that FlexiDock energy values correlated well with the experimental Kd values and could be used to predict the affinity of the ligands toward HIV-1 TAR RNA with a superior accuracy. Our results based on comparative analysis of different docking methods in RNA-ligand modeling will facilitate the structure-based discovery of HIV TAR RNA ligands for antiviral therapy.
Quality Characteristics of Chocolate Blended with Bifidobacterium-fermented Isoflavone Powder (2003)

Development of chocolate products to improve the quality and functional properties with Bifidobacterium-fermented isoflavone powder (BFIP) was attempted. Effects of BFIP on sensory value, isoflavone contents, and microbiological characteristics of chocolate products during storage at room temperature for 90 day were studied. Five different BFIP concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% (w/w) were added and blended into the chocolate products. Results of sensory evaluation showed that the scores for softness and bitter taste decreased as the BFIP contents increased. In sweet and sour taste, the highest score was shown at 1% BFIP treatment. In overall acceptability, 1% treatment was the most favored, followed by 2% treatment. Contents of isoflavone in chocolate products were stably maintained during 90 storage days. The viable cell numbers of Bifidobacterium remained relatively stable until 70 day, followed by a slow decrease thereafter in all treatments.
THE TOXICOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (1997)

It has by now become obvious that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may pose a health risk to nonsmokers. Epidemiological data suggest that exposure to ETS may increase the risk of developing lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, intrauterine growth retardation, predisposition to chronic lung disease, and sudden infant death syndrome. The human populations most at risk from ETS exposure appear to be neonates, young children, and possibly the fetus while in utero. Experimental studies with cigarette sidestream smoke (SS) have successfully duplicated several of these disease conditions in laboratory animals, particularly the effects of SS on fetal growth, lung maturation, and altered airway reactivity. The availability of animal models may open the way to fruitful experimental studies on mechanisms that help us to better understand disease.
Effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on coccidiosis in chickens (1998)

The ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were added to a broiler starter diet singly or in combination [as bulk purified ethyl ester concentrate from menhaden oil (n3FAC)] in quantities similar to those found in a diet supplemented with 5% menhaden oil (MO). Diets were fed to chickens from 1 d of age through 3 wk of age. At 2 wk of age, the chickens were infected with Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, or Eimeria maxima. At 6 d postinfection (PI), the effects of the diets were assessed on weight gains, plasma carotenoids, gross lesion scores, and histological parasite scores in gut cross sections, or oocyst output. Significant ameliorating effects of diet on lesion scores and parasite scores were only seen in E. tenella infections and were only produced by the n3FAC and MO supplements. These two supplements, which contained higher molar concentrations of double bonds than the other supplements, also significantly reduced plasma carotenoids in uninfected chickens, indicating that they promoted a state of oxidative stress. These results are consistent with previous reports on the interaction of coccidiosis with dietary n-3 fatty acids and strengthen the hypotheses that dietary-induced oxidative stress is an effective deterrent against cecal coccidiosis in chickens.
Hip-hop, gestion des risques et régulation sociale (2003)

Face aux «peurs de la jeunesse» et des turbulences sociales au sein des quartiers populaires, dans un contexte de décentralisation, de politique de la ville, de lutte contre les violences urbaines et le sentiment d'insécurité, le champ de la régulation sociale est en recomposition. Dans cette dynamique, les expressions hip-hop sont largement mobilisées. De fait, dans une société de gestion du risque, le hip-hop est en proie à l'instrumentalisation des institutions politico-culturelles et du monde du «business». Dans ces conditions, s'ils désirent sortir de l'hétéronomie, les acteurs hip-hop ont intérêt à dépasser la fascination pour la réussite capitaliste et à affirmer leur propre positionnement esthétique et politique. En outre, si elles veulent favoriser la cohésion sociale, les institutions politico-culturelles doivent convenir que le hip-hop est constitué de multiples dimensions et que ses acteurs ne sont pas les maillons d'une chaîne devant garantir l'ordre social.
Unsupervised and supervised clustering for topic tracking (2001)

We investigate important differences between two styles of document clustering in the context of Topic Detection and Tracking. Converting a Topic Detection system into a Topic Tracking system exposes fundamental differences between these two tasks that are important to consider in both the design and the evaluation of TDT systems. We also identify features that can be used in systems for both tasks.
Hypermethylation of<i>CXCR4</i>Promoter in CD34+ Cells from Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis (2008)

Constitutive mobilization of CD34(+) cells in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) has been attributed to proteolytic disruption of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis and reduced CXCR4 expression. We document here that the number of circulating CD34(+)/CXCR4(+) cells in PMF patients, as well as the cellular CXCR4 expression, was directly related to CXCR4 mRNA level and that reduced CXCR4 mRNA level was not due to SDF-1-induced downregulation. To address whether epigenetic regulation contributes to defective CXCR4 expression, we studied the methylation status of the CXCR4 promoter using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific sequencing in the JAK2V617F-positive HEL cell line and in CD34(+) cells. We found that CD34(+) cells from PMF patients, unlike those from normal subjects, presented hypermethylation of CXCR4 promoter CpG island 1. Following incubation with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaD), the percentage of PMF CD34(+) cells expressing CXCR4 increased 3-10 times, whereas CXCR4 mRNA level increased approximately 4 times. 5-AzaD-treated PMF CD34(+) cells displayed almost complete reversal of CpG1 island 1 hypermethylation and showed enhanced migration in vitro in response to SDF-1. These data point to abnormal methylation of the CXCR4 promoter as a mechanism contributing to constitutive migration of CD34(+) cells in PMF. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Advances in molecular diagnosis of inherited hemoglobin disorders (1996)

Molecular diagnosis for inherited disorders of hemoglobin production has been driven largely by the need for improved prenatal diagnosis. In turn, DNA-based testing has engendered better methods of fetal sampling. The sensitivity of DNA-based testing was increased tremendously by the polymerase chain reaction. Currently there are numerous polymerase chain reaction-based methods for diagnosing specific mutant globin alleles and detecting unknown mutations. These rely on restriction analysis, allele-specific hybridization or amplification, alterations in electrophoretic mobility, and DNA sequence analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of each are important to their specific application. The reverse dot blot method, with its capability for screening multiple alleles with a single hybridization reaction, is currently the most advantageous method for prenatal and routine clinical diagnosis.
Monodispersed Nano-Bubbles Generated from Porous Glass Membrane and Bubble Size Control (2004)

分相法により調製した細孔径の均一な多孔質ガラス膜から, 1 μm以下の平均気泡径を有する単分散状の微細気泡 (ナノバブル) の生成法を見出した. また, 膜の細孔径を変えることにより, 生成した気泡の気泡径を制御できることを明らかにした. 管状多孔質ガラス膜の内側に, 濃度が1.7 mol・m-3のドデシル硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を流しながら, 水相の流れに対して膜の外側から直角方向に空気を圧入分散したとき, バブルポイント圧を超える一定の圧力域において単分散状の気泡が生成した. この条件下で, 平均細孔径0.084 μmの膜から, 平均気泡径0.72 μmのナノバブルが生成した. また, 使用した膜の平均細孔径と平均気泡径の間には, 良好な比例関係が存在した. 一方, 膜の表面を疎水化した場合は, バブルポイント圧は観測されず, 多分散状の気泡が生成した. 膜の表面が親水性であっても, 水相に溶解したドデシル硫酸ナトリウムの濃度が1.7 mol・m-3より減少すると, 単分散状の気泡は生成されなかった.
A general approach for PCR-amplification and sequencing of chloroplast DNA from crude vascular plant and algal tissue. (1994)

A universal and reliable sequencing approach suitable for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of most plant species has been developed. The initial step in the approach is PCR with primers from conserved regions in the chloroplast genome. Prior to PCR a simple DNA extraction is carried out where lysed tissue is embedded in agarose and dialyzed. Due to the use of one biotinylated primer in the PCR, the PCR products can be bound to magnetic streptavidin-coated beads and then sequenced directly by the solid-phase approach. The regions used for sequencing and subsequent analyses are the intron of the trnL gene and the intergenic spacer between the trnL and the trnF genes in the chloroplast DNA. Comparisons of the sequences obtained from closely and distantly related species show that the different chloroplast DNA regions harbor variations suitable for phylogenetic inference from the subspecific to the interfamiliar level. The strategy can be used both for manual and automated sequencing.
Increased elastase release by CF neutrophils is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 (2000)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal, hereditary disorder characterized by a neutrophil-dominated inflammation of the lung. We sought to determine whether neutrophils from individuals with CF release more neutrophil elastase (NE) than neutrophils from normal subjects. Our results showed that peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) from normal subjects and individuals with CF contained similar amounts of NE, but after preincubation with CF bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, significantly more NE was released by CF PBNs, a release that was amplified further by incubation with opsonized Escherichia coli. To determine which components of CF BAL fluid stimulated this excessive NE release from CF PBNs, we repeated the experiments after neutralization or immunoprecipitation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 in CF BAL fluid. We found that subsequent NE release from CF PBNs was reduced significantly when TNF-alpha and IL-8 were removed from CF BAL fluid. When TNF-alpha and IL-8 were used as activating stimuli, CF PBNs released significantly greater amounts of NE compared with PBNs from control subjects and individuals with bronchiectasis. These results indicate that CF PBNs respond abnormally to TNF-alpha and IL-8 in CF BAL fluid and react to opsonized bacteria by releasing more NE. This may help explain the increased NE burden seen in this condition.
The phenolic constituents of <i>Prunus domestica</i>. I.—The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents (1959)

Abstract Methods for the quantitative analysis of anthocyanins, leuco ‐anthocyanins, flavanols and total phenols in plant tissue extracts are critically examined and suitable modifications of existing methods are described.
Identification of critical variables using an FPGA-based fault injection framework (2013)

The shrinking nanometer technologies of modern microprocessors and the aggressive supply voltage down-scaling drastically increase the risk of soft errors. In order to cope with this risk efficiently, selective hardware and software protection schemes are applied. In this paper, we propose an FPGA-based fault injection framework which is able to identify the most critical registers of an entire microprocessor. Further-more, our framework identifies critical variables in the source code of an arbitrary application running in its native environment. We verify the feasibility and relevance of our approach by implementing a lightweight and efficient error correction mechanism protecting only the most critical parts of the system. Experimental results with state estimation applications demonstrate a significantly reduced number of critical calculation errors caused by faults injected into the processor.
Mono- and Bis-(2,2'- bipyridine) and (1,10-phenanthroline) chelates of ruthenium and osmium. V. Mixed 2,2'-bipyridine and 2,2',2'-terpyridine chelates of bivalent and tervalent osmium (1964)

Complexes of the type [OsterpyCl3]0, [Osterpypy3]2+/3+, [OsterpybipyX]+/2+, [Osterpypy2Cl]+/2+, [Osterpybipy(pyR)]+/2+ where X = Cl, Br, I, NCS, NO2, C2H5CN, CH3CN; R = CH3, C2H5, CH(CH3)2; terpy = 2,2',2"-terpyridine, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and py = pyridine, have been isolated as their halides or perchlorates. The complexes do not disproportionate and are inert to dissociation of their ligands.
Review on design and structural optimisation in additive manufacturing: Towards next-generation lightweight structures (2019)

As the application of additive manufacturing (AM) reaches an unprecedented scale in both academia and industry, a reflection upon the state-of-the-art developments in the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) and structural optimisation, becomes vital for successfully shaping the future AM-landscape. A framework, highlighting both the interdependencies between these two central aspects in AM and the necessity for a holistic approach to structural optimization, using lightweight strategies such as topology optimization and/or latticing, was established to summarize the reviewed content. Primarily focusing on isotropic material considerations and basic stiffness-optimal problems, these concepts have already found wide application, bridging the gaps between design and manufacturing as well as academia and industry. In pursuit of streamlining the AM-workflow towards digitally print-ready designs, studies are increasingly investigating mathematically-based structural optimization approaches in conjunction with DfAM-specific constraints, providing a portfolio of solutions like generative design, which is gaining traction in industry. Besides an overview on economically-driven to performance-driven design optimizations, insight into commercial AM-specific software is provided, elucidating potentials and challenges for the community. Despite the abundance of AM design methods to-date, computationally inexpensive solutions for common engineering problems are still scarce, which is constituting one of many key challenges for the future.
Molecular phylogeny of choanoflagellates, the sister group to Metazoa (2008)

Choanoflagellates are single-celled aquatic flagellates with a unique morphology consisting of a cell with a single flagellum surrounded by a "collar" of microvilli. They have long interested evolutionary biologists because of their striking resemblance to the collared cells (choanocytes) of sponges. Molecular phylogeny has confirmed a close relationship between choanoflagellates and Metazoa, and the first choanoflagellate genome sequence has recently been published. However, molecular phylogenetic studies within choanoflagellates are still extremely limited. Thus, little is known about choanoflagellate evolution or the exact nature of the relationship between choanoflagellates and Metazoa. We have sequenced four genes from a broad sampling of the morphological diversity of choanoflagellates including most species currently available in culture. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences, alone and in combination, reject much of the traditional taxonomy of the group. The molecular data also strongly support choanoflagellate monophyly rejecting proposals that Metazoa were derived from a true choanoflagellate ancestor. Mapping of a complementary matrix of morphological and ecological traits onto the phylogeny allows a reinterpretation of choanoflagellate character evolution and predicts the nature of their last common ancestor.
Overview of Microbial Hazards in Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Operations (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pathogens and Outbreaks Associated with the Fresh Produce Industry Potential Hazards in the Food Chain/Points of Contamination Mitigation Measures Challenges for the Global Fresh Produce Industry Summary References
Extrusion of <i>α</i> ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –Boehmite Mixtures (1992)

A water‐based binder system consisting of colloidal boehmite (AlO(OH)) and 0.3 wt% poly(vinyl alcohol) was developed for low‐pressure piston‐type extrusion of alumina. Batches using this binder system and two different types of commerical alumina powder were characterized with regard to extrusion pressure, densification, and physical properties in the green and fired states.