gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on nitric oxide synthetase dispersion in penile function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (2005)

Diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction is one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes in males. alpha-Lipoic acid (ALA) and its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid, are powerful antioxidants. Data strongly suggest that, because of its antioxidant properties, ALA is particularly suited to the prevention and/or treatment of diabetic complications that arise from overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) in normal and diabetic rat cavernous smooth muscles and to examine the effects of ALA on them. Rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic plus ALA, and ALA only. Penile tissues were taken 15 days after drug application and examined histochemically and immunohistochemically. Comparison of the control and diabetic groups revealed that the axons of nerve cells were not identified with Masson trichrome in the diabetic group, whereas in the control group NOS localization and immunostaining (endothelial NOS [eNOS]) were normal. Diabetic rats administered ALA showed improvement in Masson trichrome, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) and eNOS localization compared with untreated diabetic rats. Although there was no difference between the control group and the group administered ALA only, we observed an increase in NADPH-d and eNOS. In erection, eNOS and neuronal NOS (nNOS) may have a significant role. In pathologic conditions, erectile dysfunction may occur as a result of an increase in inducible macrophage-type NOS (iNOS). ALA plays an important role in treatment of erectile dysfunction by decreasing iNOS and increasing other isoforms of NOS.
Real-time generation of narrow-band audio noise (1996)

A technique for generating narrow-band Gaussian audio noise based on the implementation of the multirate filter is described. The technique allows modification of the bandwidth, central frequency, and amplitude of the noise in real time without interrupting the noise generator. The frequency spectrum of the noise has sharp cutoffs which meet the spectral sensitivities of the human auditory system.
Pathophysiology of Radiocontrast Nephropathy (1999)

Recent experimental data underlies the role of hypoxic tubular injury in the pathophysiology of radiocontrast nephropathy. Although systemic transient hypoxemia, increased blood viscosity, and a leftward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve may all contribute to intrarenal hypoxia, imbalance between oxygen demand and supply plays a major role in radiocontrast-induced outer medullary hypoxic damage. Low oxygen tension normally exists in this renal region, reflecting the precarious regional oxygen supply and a high local metabolic rate and oxygen requirement, resulting from active salt reabsorption by medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop. Radiologic contrast agents markedly aggravate outer medullary physiologic hypoxia. This results from enhanced metabolic activity and oxygen consumption (as a result of osmotic diuresis and increased salt delivery to the distal nephron) because the regional blood flow and the oxygen supply actually increase. The latter effect may result in part from the activation of various regulatory mediators of outer medullary blood flow to ensure maximal regional oxygen supply. Low-osmolar radiocontrast agents may be less nephrotoxic because of the smaller osmotic load and vasomotor alterations. Experimental radiocontrast-induced renal failure requires preconditioning of animals with various insults (for example, congestive heart failure, reduced renal mass, salt depletion, or inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin synthesis). In all these perturbations, which resemble clinical conditions that predispose to contrast nephropathy, outer medullary hypoxic injury results from insufficiency or inactivation of mechanisms designed to preserve regional oxygen balance. This underlines the importance of identifying and ameliorating predisposing factors in the prevention of this iatrogenic disease.
MPSoC power estimation framework at transaction level modeling (2007)

Early power estimation is increasingly important in multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures for a reliable design space exploration (DSE). In this paper, we present an MPSoC power modeling framework at the timed programmer view (PVT) level that offers a good performance/power tradeoff to be found early in the design flow. Using a hybrid power modeling methodology, we developed several power models derived from both physical measurements and analytical expressions. Plugging these power models into the PVT architectural simulator makes it easy to estimate the application's performance and power consumption with high simulation speedup. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated through a DSE for a parallelized version of H.263 encoder application.
A Dependable Clustering Protocol for Survivable Underwater Sensor Networks (2008)

Node clustering has been widely considered in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) to improve energy efficiency and prolong network lifetime. Network survivability is a great concern in cluster-based UWSNs. In this paper, we propose a dependable clustering protocol to provide a survivable cluster hierarchy against cluster-head failures in such networks. The proposed clustering protocol attempts to select a primary cluster head and a backup cluster head during clustering so that the cluster members associated with the failed cluster head can quickly switch over to the backup cluster head in the event of a cluster-head failure. Meanwhile, it attempts to select a set of clusters with minimum total cost so that network lifetime can be prolonged to ensure long-term underwater environmental monitoring. Simulation results show that the protocol can effectively enhance network survivability and improve network capacity in the event of cluster-head failures.
Crosslinking of Polymers in Solution under the Influence of Gamma Radiation (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrosslinking of Polymers in Solution under the Influence of Gamma RadiationArnim HengleinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 11, 1852–1858Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150581a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j150581a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Response time analysis under errors for CAN (2002)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is extensively used for timely communication in automotive and other applications. As timing analysis of CAN messages is emerging into industrial practice, and as the use of CAN in safety-critical applications is increasing, there is an apparent need to include the effects of transmission errors in the analysis of message latencies. The authors provide a general fault model and extend the timing analysis of CAN messages to cater for the effects of transmission errors on message latencies. This fault model helps us in composing the effects of interferences from multiple sources and to account for them in the calculation of message response times. We illustrate our model by applying it to derive the worst case latencies of a subset of messages selected from the frequently used SAE case study. We also discuss and illustrate the implications on message latencies for some realistic fault scenarios.
Programmable beam spatial shaping system for the National Ignition Facility (2011)

A system of customized spatial light modulators has been installed onto the front end of the laser system at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The devices are capable of shaping the beam profile at a low-fluence relay plane upstream of the amplifier chain. Their primary function is to introduce "blocker" obscurations at programmed locations within the beam profile. These obscurations are positioned to shadow small, isolated flaws on downstream optical components that might otherwise limit the system operating energy. The modulators were designed to enable a drop-in retrofit of each of the 48 existing Pre Amplifier Modules (PAMs) without compromising their original performance specifications. This was accomplished by use of transmissive Optically Addressable Light Valves (OALV) based on a Bismuth Silicon Oxide photoconductive layer in series with a twisted nematic liquid crystal (LC) layer. These Programmable Spatial Shaper packages in combination with a flaw inspection system and optic registration strategy have provided a robust approach for extending the operational lifetime of high fluence laser optics on NIF.
Disruption of the Mouse Rce1 Gene Results in Defective Ras Processing and Mislocalization of Ras within Cells (1999)

Little is known about the enzyme(s) required for the endoproteolytic processing of mammalian Ras proteins. We identified a mouse gene (designated Rce1) that shares sequence homology with a yeast gene (RCE1) implicated in the proteolytic processing of Ras2p. To define the role of Rce1 in mammalian Ras processing, we generated and analyzed Rce1-deficient mice. Rce1 deficiency was lethal late in embryonic development (after embryonic day 15.5). Multiple lines of evidence revealed that Rce1-deficient embryos and cells lacked the ability to endoproteolytically process Ras proteins. First, Ras proteins from Rce1-deficient cells migrated more slowly on SDS-polyacrylamide gels than Ras proteins from wild-type embryos and fibroblasts. Second, metabolic labeling of Rce1-deficient cells revealed that the Ras proteins were not carboxymethylated. Finally, membranes from Rce1-deficient fibroblasts lacked the capacity to proteolytically process farnesylated Ha-Ras, N-Ras, and Ki-Ras or geranylgeranylated Ki-Ras. The processing of two other prenylated proteins, the farnesylated Ggamma1 subunit of transducin and geranylgeranylated Rap1B, was also blocked. The absence of endoproteolytic processing and carboxymethylation caused Ras proteins to be mislocalized within cells. These studies indicate that Rce1 is responsible for the endoproteolytic processing of the Ras proteins in mammals and suggest a broad role for this gene in processing other prenylated CAAX proteins.
Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNAs in human breast cancer clinical subtypes (2014)

Accumulating evidence highlights the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. However, the role of lncRNA expression in human breast cancer biology, prognosis and molecular classification remains unknown. Herein, we established the lncRNA profile of 658 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We found lncRNA expression to correlate with the gene expression and chromatin landscape of human mammary epithelial cells (non-transformed) and the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Unsupervised consensus clustering of lncRNA revealed four subgroups that displayed different prognoses. Gene set enrichment analysis for cis- and trans-acting lncRNAs showed enrichment for breast cancer signatures driven by master regulators of breast carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the lncRNA HOTAIR was significantly overexpressed in the HER2-enriched subgroup, while the lncRNA HOTAIRM1 was significantly overexpressed in the basal-like subgroup. Estrogen receptor (ESR1) expression was associated with distinct lncRNA networks in lncRNA clusters III and IV. Importantly, almost two thirds of the lncRNAs were marked by enhancer chromatin modifications (i.e., H3K27ac), suggesting that expressed lncRNA in breast cancer drives carcinogenesis through increased activity of neighboring genes. In summary, our study depicts the first lncRNA subtype classification in breast cancer and provides the framework for future studies to assess the interplay between lncRNAs and the breast cancer epigenome.
Tissue Expander Infections in Pediatric Patients: Management and Outcomes (2009)

Tissue expander infection in children does not seem to preclude further expansion and successful reconstruction.
Challenges in Data Crowdsourcing (2016)

Crowdsourcing refers to solving large problems by involving human workers that solve component sub-problems or tasks. In data crowdsourcing, the problem involves data acquisition, management, and analysis. In this paper, we provide an overview of data crowdsourcing, giving examples of problems that the authors have tackled, and presenting the key design steps involved in implementing a crowdsourced solution. We also discuss some of the open challenges that remain to be solved.
Stability and Partition of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Polyethylene Glycol/Phosphate Affinity Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Using a Triazine Dye. (1992)

The conformational changes in baker’s yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) caused by the interaction of the affinity ligand Procion Blue MX-R, is investigated at various pH values in polyethylene glycol/potassium phosphate aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The affinity partitioning of ADH is effectively carried out at neutral pH without any damage to the structural conservation. However, the protein becomes unstable at alkaline PH and is further denatured in the presence of Procion Blue MX-R. The oligomeric ADH is completely dissociated to the monomer, and the tertiary structure of the subunits is affected by the interaction of the Blue ligand. Hydrophobic residues such as tryptophan initially buried inside may become accessible to a solvent and make denatured ADH more hydrophobic than in the native state. This affinity ligand promotes partition of the denatured fraction to the top phase, and of the active fraction to the bottom phase, at alkaline pH. The analysis of partitioning behavior in ATPS could be utilized for sensitive detection of the conformational changes in protein structure.
Influence of CaCl<sub>2</sub>on<i>Penicillium digitatum</i>, Grapefruit Peel Tissue, and Biocontrol Activity of<i>Pichia guilliermondii</i> (1997)

ABSTRACT Interactions between CaCl(2), grapefruit peel tissue, Penicillium digitatum, and the yeast antagonist Pichia guilliermondii strain US-7 were investigated. Application of 68 or 136 mM CaCl(2) to grapefruit surface wounds reduced the incidence of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum by 43 to 52%. In laboratory tests, a cell suspension (10(7) cells/ml) of Pichia guilliermondii containing either 68 or 136 mM CaCl(2) reduced the incidence of green mold from 27 to 3%. In large scale tests, dip application of 136 mM CaCl(2) with US-7 (10(7) cells/ml) significantly decreased the number of wounds infected by Penicillium digitatum. CaCl(2), with or without yeast cells, stimulated ethylene production in grapefruit tissue. Increasing concentrations of CaCl(2) resulted in decreased spore germination and germ tube elongation of Penicillium digitatum. Pectinolytic activity of crude enzyme preparations of Penicillium digitatum was also inhibited by the presence of increasing concentrations of CaCl(2). US-7 exhibited a strong ability to maintain cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis at levels that did not exceed 1.4 muM when exposed to 150 mM CaCl(2). On the other hand, strain 114 of Debaryomyces hansenii, which failed to give any protection against infection by Penicillium digitatum, showed reduced capacity to maintain Ca(2+) homeostasis. The effect of calcium in reducing infection of grapefruit wounds by Penicillium digitatum could be due to direct effects on host tissue (making cell walls more resistant to enzymatic degradation) or the pathogen (interfering with spore germination, growth, and inhibition of fungal pectinolytic enzymes). Alternatively, the ability of US-7 to maintain calcium homeostasis may allow it to grow or assist in its competitive ability in a microenvironment that, because of high levels of calcium ions, is inhibitory to growth of the green mold pathogen.
DrishtiCare: A Telescreening Platform for Diabetic Retinopathy Powered with Fundus Image Analysis (2011)

The proposed approach provides an innovative way of integrating automated fundus image analysis in the telescreening framework to address well-known challenges in large-scale disease screening. It offers a low-cost, effective, and easily adoptable screening solution to primary care providers.
Methylcytosine and Normal Cytosine Deamination by the Foreign DNA Restriction Enzyme APOBEC3A (2012)

Multiple studies have indicated that the TET oxidases and, more controversially, the activation-induced cytidine deaminase/APOBEC deaminases have the capacity to convert genomic DNA 5-methylcytosine (MeC) into altered nucleobases that provoke excision repair and culminate in the replacement of the original MeC with a normal cytosine (C). We show that human APOBEC3A (A3A) efficiently deaminates both MeC to thymine (T) and normal C to uracil (U) in single-stranded DNA substrates. In comparison, the related enzyme APOBEC3G (A3G) has undetectable MeC to T activity and 10-fold less C to U activity. Upon 100-fold induction of endogenous A3A by interferon, the MeC status of bulk chromosomal DNA is unaltered, whereas both MeC and C nucleobases in transfected plasmid DNA substrates are highly susceptible to editing. Knockdown experiments show that endogenous A3A is the source of both of these cellular DNA deaminase activities. This is the first evidence for nonchromosomal DNA MeC to T editing in human cells. These biochemical and cellular data combine to suggest a model in which the expanded substrate versatility of A3A may be an evolutionary adaptation that occurred to fortify its innate immune function in foreign DNA clearance by myeloid lineage cell types.
Stability of nanocrystalline silicon bottom-gate thin film transistors with silicon nitride gate dielectric (2007)

We report on the stability of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) bottom-gate (BG) thin film transistors (TFTs) with various compositions of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) gate dielectric. TFTs with nitrogen-rich nitride exhibit higher output transconductance, threshold voltage stability, and effective field effect mobility (μFE) than the devices with silicon-rich gate dielectric. For example, μFE drops from 0.75to0.2cm2∕Vs when the gate dielectric composition [N]∕[Si] changes from 1.3 to 1. The corresponding threshold voltages (VT) are 4 and −2V. Following 5h electrical stress tests, the shift in threshold voltage (ΔVT) is larger for dielectrics with lower [N]∕[Si] content, regardless of the operating regime. Indeed, ΔVT in the saturation regime is considerably less and correlates with the charge concentration in the channel, i.e., ΔVT in saturation is about 2∕3 of that in the linear regime. Relaxation tests on the stressed TFTs show that the charge trapping is the instability mechanism in nc-Si BG TFTs.
A Lightweight Processor Core for Application Specific Acceleration (2004)

Advances in configurable logic technology have permitted the development of low-cost, high-speed configurable devices, allowing one or more soft processor cores to be introduced into a configurable computing system. Soft processor cores offer logic-area savings and reduced configuration times when compared to the hardware-only implementations typically used for application specific acceleration. Programs for a soft processor core are small and simple compared to the design of a hardware core, but can leverage custom hardware within the processor core to provide greater acceleration for specific applications. This thesis presents several configurable system models, and implements one such model on a Nios Embedded Processor Development Board. A software programmable and hardware configurable lightweight processor core known as the FAST CPU is introduced. The configurable system implementation attaches several FAST CPUs to a standard Nios processor to create a system for experimentation with application specific acceleration. This system incorporating the FAST CPUs was tested for bus utilization behaviour, computing performance, and execution times for a minheap application. Experimental results are compared to the performance of a software-only solution, and also with previous research results. Experimental results verify that the theory and models used to predict bus utilization are correct. Performance testing shows that the FAST CPU is approximately 25% slower than a general purpose processor, which is expected. The FAST CPU, however, is 31% smaller in terms of logic area than the general purpose processor, and is 8% smaller than the design of a hardware-only implementation of a minheap for application specific acceleration. The results verify that it is possible to move functionality from a general purpose processor to a lightweight processor, and further, to realize an increase in performance when a task is parallelized across multiple FAST CPUs. The experimentation uses a procedure by which a set of equations can be derived for predicting bus utilization and deriving a cost-benefit curve for a coprocessing entity. They are applied to a specific system in this research, but the methods are generalizable to any coprocessing entity.
Modular Diamino‐ and Dioxophosphine Oxides and Chlorides as Ligands for Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed CC and CN Couplings with Aryl Chlorides (2005)

Air-stable diamino- and dioxophosphine oxides were used as ligands in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions of aryl chlorides. Additionally, a diaminophosphine chloride was applied to palladium- and nickel-catalyzed CC and CN bond-forming reactions.
Time reversal symmetry-induced restrictions in polarization optics (1996)

This paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the time reversal symmetry-induced restrictions on the polarization matrices representing the effect of deterministic, non-image-forming optical devices or scattering media which transform both the Jones vector and the Stokes vector. In particular, the fact that any Jones matrix is defined within a unitary operator, i.e. determined up to overall phase, arises as a direct consequence of time reversal symmetry. The corresponding transformation of the state of polarization in Poincaré space is also briefly discussed. Finally, we show that this parametrization may find applications to several problems, e.g. detection of broken time reversal symmetry in optical materials.