gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
English- and Spanish-Speaking Women's Use of Violence (2007)

This study analyzes variables related to the context and consequences of women's use of violence as well as a wide range of violent behaviors used and experienced by court-ordered English- and Spanish-speaking women. Data were derived from intake assessments of 125 court-ordered women over 24 months. Almost all of the women reported a history of abuse perpetrated by their partners. Women committed significantly fewer violent acts against their partners than their partners committed against them. Differences between English- and Spanish-speaking women's victimization, use of violence, and help seeking were largely similar, however, important differences emerged.
Thiasugars: Potential Glycosidase Inhibitors (2009)

The inhibitory activities against glycosidases of synthetic thiasugars, the ring sulfur analogs of carbohydrate, were surveyed with a special emphasis on our own studies. 5-Thio-L-fucose, the ring sulfur analog of L-fucose, was the first thiopyran that shows a K(i) value in the micromolar range against a glycosidase. The structure-activity relationship studies for the fucosidase inhibition by 5-thio-L-fucose disclosed that a hydrophobic interaction between the ring sulfur atom and the enzyme is responsible for the strong binding. The syntheses and activities of di- and trisaccharide analogs incorporating thiasugars are also outlined. These oligosaccharide analogs are glycosidase-resistant and some of them show strong binding to antibodies or lectins. We created a sulfylimine compound having a thiafuran structure as a transition-state analog inhibitor of glucosidases and found that it has a weak inhibition against a glucosidase. The same thiafuran structure could be found in a natural product, salacinol, which was isolated and elucidated to be a strong glucosidase inhibitor by another group. A study of the structure-activity relationship using the synthetic analogs of salacinol indicated the relevance of both the sulfonium ion in the thiafuran ring and its intramolecular counter anion, sulfate, to the inhibition activity.
Enzymatic Ring Opening Polymerization Of É›-caprolactone By Using A Novel Immobilized Biocatalyst (2016)

In this study, an amorphous silica material was used as a carrier to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) by crosslinking method for ring opening polymerization of É›-caprolactone (É›-CL). The optimum temperature, enzyme concentration and time period were investigated for poly(É›-caprolactone) (PCL) synthesis via ring opening polymerization of É›-CL catalyzed by immobilized CALB (IMCALB). Molecular weights of PCLs were determined by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) analysis. The surface morphologies of PCLs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, PCLs were successfully characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results showed that the immobilized lipase by crosslinking method via glutaraldehyde possessed good activity and stability. By using this immobilized enzyme, high molecular weights and monomer conversions of PCLs were achieved about 9000 g/mol and 90 %, respectively. This work has showed that activity of CALB increased about 17 % dramatically after immobilization process, and PCL was synthesized via enzymatic polymerization catalyzed this novel enzyme, which provides an effective method for conducting “green polymer chemistry”.
Multimedia modeling : modeling multimedia information and systems : Nagano, Japan, November 13-15, 2000 (2000)

It contains 30 technical articles, all of which were selected, after vigorous peer reviews, for presentation at the International Conference on Multimedia Modeling held in Nagano, Japan, on 13-15 November 2000."
Aging analysis of nMOS of a 1.3- mu m partially depleted SIMOX SOI technology comparison with a 1.3- mu m bulk technology (1993)

Hot carrier degradation of nMOS of a 1.3- mu m partially depleted rad-hard SOI CMOS technology is analyzed in detail. The relative importances of the maximum electric field, the localization of the trapped charges, and the LDD structure are pointed out through two-dimensional simulations and systematic comparisons with a 1.3- mu m CMOS bulk technology. It is shown that the higher degradation rate of the SOI technology logically results from the contradictory constraints between rad-hardness (low-temperature process) and hot carrier resistance requirements. An annealing scheme comparable to the bulk one would lead to similar degradations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sodium butyrate and a T lymphocyte cell line-derived differentiation factor induce basophilic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 (1988)

Sodium butyrate induces basophilic differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells that have been previously passaged in alkaline medium. A factor present in Mo conditioned medium (Mo-CM) acts synergistically with sodium butyrate to promote basophilic maturation in a dose-dependent fashion. The induced HL-60 cells exhibit nuclei at various stages of maturity and cytoplasmic granules staining azurophilic with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and metachromatically with toluidine blue. The histamine content of induced HL-60 cells is 50 ng/10(6) cells with sodium butyrate alone or 190 ng/10(6) cells with butyrate in combination with Mo-CM. Induced cells release histamine in response to anti-IgE and have receptors for the Fc portion of human IgE. The basophilic cell-differentiating activity present in Mo-CM appears to be distinct from several other cytokines including recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, interferon-alpha, murine interleukin-3, erythroid-potentiating activity, and purified human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. This is the first demonstration of a cell line that is capable of differentiation along the basophil lineage and could provide a useful model for examining biochemical and molecular events associated with basophil differentiation.
Early Postemergence Clomazone Tank Mixes on Coarse-Textured Soils in Rice (2008)

Clomazone was labeled for rice in 2001; however, that label excluded its use on coarse- (light) textured soils, including sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam with less than 1% organic matter due to rice injury. Field studies conducted in 2005, 2006, and 2007 evaluated weed control and tolerance of rice to early postemergence (EPOST) applications of clomazone alone and tank mixed with other herbicides on sandy loam and clay loam soils. At 42 d after treatment (DAT), broadleaf signalgrass (BRAPP) and barnyardgrass (ECHCG) control was > 86%. At 14 DAT, rice injury was greatest (13%) from clomazone applied preemergence (PRE) at 0.44 kg ai/ha on sandy soil. Annual sedge (CYPCP) control was > 78% on sandy loam soils at 14 DAT, but increased to > 90% by 42 DAT. On clay loam soils, CYPCP control at 42 DAT ranged from 60 to 76% from clomazone alone or tank mixed with cyhalofop or fenoxaprop. All other tank mixes provided > 80% control. Hemp sesbania (SEBEX) control was > 80% from all tank mixes. Clomazone alone provided < 77% control. Data suggest that clomazone can be used EPOST in combination with other herbicides without causing significant rice injury on sandy loam soils in Texas.
Adaptive transform domain video scene analysis (1997)

An adaptive mechanism for video sequence analysis in the transform domain is proposed. Methods for measuring motion complexity and activity levels in the scene are presented, based on which a video scene can be consistently categorised into identifiable classes. Further, the video quality, as measured by the mean square error or the signal to noise ratio is related to certain parameters used in video analysis. Adaptability in the analysis is realised by tailoring the parameters of the video analysis algorithm to the specific characteristics of the video scene, as embodied in the video scene class and the video quality. Preliminary experiments show the feasibility of the proposal, and the improved performance that can be achieved by adaptively tuning the analysis parameters to the characteristics of the particular scene under consideration.
C–H bond activation of methane on clean and oxygen pre-covered metals: A systematic theoretical study (2011)

Density functional theory calculations are presented for adsorption and dissociation of CH4 on clean and oxygen atom pre-adsorbed metal surfaces (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, and Mo). The total energy change and the activation barrier have been calculated for the direct and the oxygen-assisted cleavage of the C–H bonds. Our results indicate that pre-adsorbed oxygen promotes the CH4 dissociation process on IB group metal surfaces, but inhibits the dissociation process on transition metal surfaces. A good Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi correlation for CH4 dissociation on clean and atomic oxygen pre-adsorbed metal surfaces is found, which is helpful to reveal the nature of CH4 dissociation. From the analysis of activation barrier, we expect our work can provide a clear understanding of the nature of CH4 dissociation.
Isolation and structural analysis of phosphorylated oligosaccharides obtained from <i>Escherichia coli</i> J‐5 lipopolysaccharide (1999)

The chemical structure of the phosphorylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli J-5 was investigated because it is of biomedical interest in the context of septic shock, a syndrome often encountered in nosocomial infections with gram-negative pathogens. The successive de-O-acylation and de-N-acylation of J-5 LPS yielded phosphorylated oligosaccharides which represent the complete carbohydrate backbone. Five compounds were separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and analysed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The main product was a nonasaccharide of the structure alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-GlcpN- (1-->7)-alpha-L,D-Hepp-(1-->7)]-alpha-L,D-Hepp-(1-->3)-alpha -L, D-Hepp-4P-(1-->5)-[alpha-Kdop-(2-->4)]-alpha-Kdop-(2-- >6)-beta-D-GlcpN-4p- (1-->6)-alpha-D-GlcN-1P wherein all sugars are present as D-pyranoses. Hep and Kdo represent L-glycero-D-manno-heptose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid, respectively. In addition, two octasaccharides and two heptasaccharides were isolated that were partial structures of the nonasaccharide. In one octasaccharide the terminal alpha-D-GlcpN was missing and an additional phosphate group linked to O4 of the branched heptose was present, whereas in the other octasaccharide the side-chain Kdo was missing. In both heptasaccharides the side-chain alpha-D-GlcpN-(1-->7)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-disaccharide was absent; they differed in their phosphate substitution. Whereas both heptasaccharides contained two phosphates in the lipid-A backbone (beta-1,6-linked GlcpN-disaccharide at the reducing end) and one phosphate group at O4 of the first heptose, only one of them was additionally substituted with phosphate at O4 of the second heptose.
Effects of silver nitrate on the tissue culture of immature wheat embryos (2006)

The immature embryos of four common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with desirable agronomic traits were evaluated for their tissue culture response to ethylene antagonist, silver nitrate, added to callus-inductive and subculture media at six concentrations. The addition of AgNO3 significantly improved embryogenic callus frequency and callus growth, but reduced the necroses and almost did not affect callus induction frequencies. Strong genotypic effects on callus induction, embryogenic callus formation, and necrosis frequency were observed. It was also found that there were significant interactions between genotype and AgNO3 concentrations affecting embryogenic callus frequency and callus growth index. In general, 10 mg/l concentration may be considered most favorable for embryogenesis and prevention of necroses; at the same time, it did not reduce callus induction and promoted callus growth.
Two Interdependent TRPV Channel Subunits, Inactive and Nanchung, Mediate Hearing in <i>Drosophila</i> (2004)

Hearing in Drosophila depends on the transduction of antennal vibration into receptor potentials by ciliated sensory neurons in Johnston's organ, the antennal chordotonal organ. We previously found that a Drosophila protein in the vanilloid receptor subfamily (TRPV) channel subunit, Nanchung (NAN), is localized to the chordotonal cilia and required to generate sound-evoked potentials (Kim et al., 2003). Here, we show that the only other Drosophila TRPV protein is mutated in the behavioral mutant inactive (iav). The IAV protein forms a hypotonically activated channel when expressed in cultured cells; in flies, it is specifically expressed in the chordotonal neurons, localized to their cilia and required for hearing. IAV and NAN are each undetectable in cilia of mutants lacking the other protein, indicating that they both contribute to a heteromultimeric transduction channel in vivo. A functional green fluorescence protein-IAV fusion protein shows that the channel is restricted to the proximal cilium, constraining models for channel activation.
Electromigration characteristics of high-temperature sputtered Al-alloy metallization (1994)

Electromigration (EM) characteristics have been investigated in the TiN/Al-alloy/TiN systems formed with two types of high-temperature sputtered Al-alloy metallizations. The Al-alloy films were prepared with and without a Ti glue layer before Al-Si-Cu film high temperature-sputter deposition. Using the Ti glue layer, an Al-Ti-Si product layer having a resistivity of 43 /spl muspl Omega/cm, instead of giant Si precipitates, grew during interfacial reaction between the Ti film and the growing Al-Si-Cu film. As the result, a bilayer structure of Al-alloy/Al-TiSi product was formed on the TiN layer. The EM resistance was drastically improved using the Ti underlayer. The high quality of the Al-alloy film (the increase in {111} orientation and the decrease in the standard deviation of the grain distribution) as well as the absence of Si precipitates will contribute to the suppression of void formation. Moreover, the EM-induced failure proceeds gradually because the Al-Ti-Si product layer will act effectively as a current bypass. This effect is supported by good electrical characteristics of the Al-Ti-Si product layer and the interface between the Al-alloy layer and the product layer. The local temperature increase is not essential to the subsequent growth of voids in the high-temperature sputtered Al-alloy metallization with the Ti glue layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of Fatigue Criteria for Asphalt Binders (2001)

The original SuperPave asphalt binder specification criterion for fatigue, G * sin δ, has received considerable criticism. Recently, a time sweep using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) has been proposed as an alternative test method for developing load-associated fatigue information for asphalt binders. This proposed test method is examined with respect to a phenomenon called edge fracture. Edge fracture is reported in the literature for steady state and oscillatory flow in DSR, but it has not been reported for asphalt binders. The modulus, when plotted versus number of cycles generated in a time sweep test, has the appearance typical of fatigue behavior; however, the actual response of the material depends markedly on the initial modulus of the material. The development of the modulus with repeated shearing is described with respect to flow of the asphalt binder at its circumference. The data are examined with respect to their validity as a measure of fatigue, and recommendations with respect to the use of time sweep data in a binder specification are presented.
A mutation in the human phospholamban gene, deleting arginine 14, results in lethal, hereditary cardiomyopathy (2006)

The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-cycling proteins are key regulators of cardiac contractility, and alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-cycling properties have been shown to be causal of familial cardiomyopathies. Through genetic screening of dilated cardiomyopathy patients, we identified a previously uncharacterized deletion of arginine 14 (PLN-R14Del) in the coding region of the phospholamban (PLN) gene in a large family with hereditary heart failure. No homozygous individuals were identified. By middle age, heterozygous individuals developed left ventricular dilation, contractile dysfunction, and episodic ventricular arrhythmias, with overt heart failure in some cases. Transgenic mice overexpressing the mutant PLN-R14Del recapitulated human cardiomyopathy exhibiting similar histopathologic abnormalities and premature death. Coexpression of the normal and mutant-PLN in HEK-293 cells resulted in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase superinhibition. The dominant effect of the PLN-R14Del mutation could not be fully removed, even upon phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Thus, by chronic suppression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, the nonreversible superinhibitory function of mutant PLN-R14Del may lead to inherited dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death in both humans and mice.
Exercise Intolerance in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2012)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, which contribute to exercise limitation. The origins and significance of dyspnea and fatigue in PAH are not completely understood. This has created uncertainly among healthcare professionals regarding acceptable levels of these symptoms, on exertion, for patients with PAH. Dysfunction of the right ventricle (RV) contributes to functional limitation and mortality in PAH; however, the role of the RV in eliciting dyspnea and fatigue has not been thoroughly examined. This paper explores the contribution of the RV and systemic and peripheral abnormalities to exercise limitation and symptoms in PAH. Further, it explores the relationship between exercise abnormalities and symptoms, the utility of the cardiopulmonary exercise test in identifying RV dysfunction, and offers suggestions for further research.
Angioplasty for Acute Coronary Syndromes (1993)

The acute ischemic syndromes (unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction) are often treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Angioplasty should be considered in patients with unstable angina refractory to medical therapy and in those with evidence for ischemia after medical stabilization. Direct or primary angioplasty is indicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy and is a reasonable alternative even in those eligible for thrombotytics. While there is no role for immediate angioplasty of a patent infarct-related artery following thrombolysis, rescue angioplasty of persistently occluded arteries may be beneficial, although further studies are needed.
Analysis of Fluctuations in Bearing Preload and Optimal Design of Tapered Roller Bearings for Pinion Shaft Support in Differential Gearboxes (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Regarding tapered roller bearings used on pinion shafts in differential gearboxes, it has been observed that some cases of bearing failure, like flaking or seizure, occurred much earlier than expected. As to the cause of this kind of failure, it has been clarified that on the shaft system supported by a pair of tapered roller bearings, the actual bearing load, including the preload of the bearings, fluctuates not only under the dynamic state but also under the static state because of the temperature distribution around the bearings. This fluctuation of the actual bearing load and preload greatly affects rolling fatigue life, seizure performance and the stiffness of the shaft support system. This paper discusses optimal design concepts for improving the rolling fatigue life, frictional torque, rigidity and seizure performance of a pair of tapered roller bearings. The design concepts are based on analysis results of the dynamic preload situation under actual operating conditions. Also introduced is a downsized shaft support system devised with a pair of tapered roller bearings developed using these design concepts.</div>
Synthesis of reflection type negative group delay circuit using transmission line resonator (2009)

Design equation and synthesis of reflection type negative group delay circuit (NGDC) using transmission line resonator (TLR) are presented. From the mathematical analysis, general equations are derived and validated with simulation for lumped element (LE) equivalent circuit. TLR-loaded reflection type NGDC is proposed to overcome the limited availability of component values required for LE structural NGDC. As a design example, single unit TLR-loaded NGDC with group delay (GD) of −8ns is designed. Simulation results agreed pretty well with the proposed design equation. To obtain broadband negative group delay with rigid flatness specification, 2-stage reflection type TLR-loaded NGDC with total group delay of −7 ns, −1.7dB loss, and 30 MHz bandwidth around 2 GHz, in which magnitude flatness of 0.1dB and group delay flatness of 0.5 ns is maintained, are fabricated and demonstrated.
Ultra-broadband quantum cascade laser, tunable over 760 cm^−1, with balanced gain (2015)

A heterogeneous quantum cascade laser, consisting of multiple stacks of discrete wavelength quantum cascade stages, emitting in 5.9-10.9 µm, wavelength range is reported. The broadband characteristics are demonstrated with a distributed-feedback laser array, emitting at fixed frequencies at room temperature, covering an emission range of ~760 cm(-1), which is ~59% relative to the center frequency. By appropriate choice of a strained AlInAs/GaInAs material system, quantum cascade stage design and spatial arrangement of stages, the distributed-feedback array has been engineered to exhibit a flat threshold current density across the demonstrated range.
Preservation of red cell antigens during storage of blood with different anticoagulants (1984)

A major concern when storing blood is that the antigens of the red cells will lose some of their reactivity in vitro. As part of a study of blood stored in newer anticoagulants, we tested the persistence of the ABO, Rh, Lewis, and P antigens. Blood was stored for 21 to 35 days in several anticoagulant‐preservative systems, such as citrate‐ phosphate‐dextrose and several additive solutions, while using bags of polyvinyl chloride plasticized with di(2‐ethyl hexyl) phthalate or tri (2‐ethyl hexyl) trimellitate. No significant loss of antigenicity occurred in the ABO and Rh systems, but antigens in the Lewis and P systems lost some reactivity during storage.