gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of antigen acquisition by dendritic cells and MHC class II-restricted epitope presentation to CD4+ T cells using VP22 DNA vaccine vectors that promote intercellular spreading following initial transfection (2005)

Induction of immune responses against microbial antigens using DNA is an attractive strategy to mimic the immunity induced by live vaccines. Although DNA vaccines are efficacious in murine models, the requirement for multiple immunizations using high doses in outbred animals and humans has hindered deployment. This requirement is, in part, a result of poor vaccine spreading and suboptimal DC transfection efficiency. Incorporation of a signal that directs intercellular spreading of a DNA-encoded antigen is proposed to mimic live vaccine spreading and increase dendritic cell (DC) presentation. Bovine herpes virus 1 tegument protein, BVP22, is capable of trafficking to surrounding cells. To test the hypothesis that BVP22 enhances spreading and antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, a DNA construct containing BVP22, fused in-frame to a sequence encoding a T cell epitope of Anaplasma marginale, was generated. A construct with reversed BVP22 sequence served as a negative control. Immunocytometric analysis of transfected primary keratinocytes, human embryonic kidney 293, COS-7, and Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that BVP22 enhanced intercellular spreading by > or = 150-fold. Flow cytometric analysis of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) positively selected from cocultures of transfected cells and APCs showed that 5% of test APCs were antigen-positive, compared with 0.6% of control APCs. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation demonstrated that BVP22 enhanced DC antigen presentation by > or = 20-fold. This first report of the ability of BVP22 to increase DNA-encoded antigen acquisition by DCs and macrophages, with subsequent enhancement of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted CD4+ T cell responses, supports incorporating a spreading motif in a DNA vaccine to target CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity in outbred animals.
Structures des Oxydes de Niobium (1963)

The formation of the niobium oxides by heating thin films and the powder of Nb in various conditions has been followed by electron and X-ray diffractions. Numerous forms of Nb oxide are identified: Nb-(O) (solid solution), NbO x (tetragonal), Nb-O δ-form (hexagonal), γ-Nb 2 O 5 (monoclinic) and α-Nb 2 O 5 (monoclinic) are formed by heating in air at either atmospheric or reduced pressure; while, NbO z (tetragonal), NbO (cubic) and NbO 2 (tetragonal) are formed only in air of reduced pressure. The transformation relations between these oxides are made clear. At first, the oxidation of Nb occurs through penetration of oxygen atoms into the metallic lattice of Nb. Then the structures of the oxides transform successively by rearrangement of niobium and the oxygen atoms. The transformation δ→γ can take place through a relatively small change in the atomic distribution, while the transformation γ→α occurs through a remarkable rearrangement of both kinds of atoms, passing two distinct intermediate stages. The δ-form, which has been considered hitherto to be a poorly crystallized state of the γ-Nb 2 O 5 , may be an oxide inferior to NbO 2 . The tetragonal form NbO 2 has a super lattice derived from the rutile structure.
Dismantling of Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Contacts Modulates Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation (2003)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to intimal thickening during atherosclerosis and restenosis. The cadherins are transmembrane proteins, which form cell-cell contacts and may regulate VSMC proliferation. In this study, N-cadherin protein concentration was significantly reduced by stimulation of proliferation with fetal calf serum (FCS) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in human saphenous vein VSMCs. Furthermore, overexpression of a truncated N-cadherin, which acts as a dominant-negative increased VSMC proliferation. The amount of an extracellular fragment of N-cadherin (approximately 90 kDa) in the media after 24 hours was increased by 12-fold by FCS and 11-fold by PDGF-BB, suggesting that N-cadherin levels are regulated by proteolytic shedding. Incubation with a synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor or adenoviral overexpression of the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) demonstrated that metalloproteinase activity was responsible in part for this proteolysis. Although total levels of beta-catenin protein were not affected, beta-catenin was translocated to the nucleus after stimulation with FCS and PDGF-BB. Our data indicates cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts modulate proliferation in VSMCs. Furthermore, disruption of N-cadherin cell-cell contacts mediated in part by metalloproteinase activity occurs during VSMC proliferation, releasing beta-catenin and possibly inducing beta-catenin-mediated intracellular signaling.
Enantiomerically Pure Hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as Potent and Selective Dopamine 3 Subtype Receptor Ligands (2005)

We report the design and synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 subtype receptor using a newly developed synthetic method and using in vitro pharmacological evaluation. Our efforts yielded optically pure ligands with high affinities for the D(3) receptor and outstanding selectivity over closely related D(1)-like and D(2)-like receptors. For example, compound 38a has a K(i) value of 5.7 nM to the D(3) receptor and selectivity greater than 10000- and 1600-fold over the D(1)-like and D(2)-like receptors, respectively, and thus is one of the most selective D(3) ligands reported to date.
A Policy-based Service Definition Language for Service Management (2006)

In a competitive environment, service providers wish to deliver services in a lean and agile manner, despite the rising complexity and heterogeneity within the network. The desire to support personalised customer experiences and differentiated services requires that management systems are increasingly flexible, adaptable and dynamic. Policy-based management (PBM) systems can be helpful in reducing complexity and enhancing flexibility, but they have not typically been involved in end-to-end management of the services, leading to only the partial management of different network functions. By using a policy-based service definition language, a service provider is able to specify the structure of services and the manner in which they are to be dynamically managed for each customer over time in response to different network events. Combined with a generic PBM system that supports different management models, policies can be used to describe all of the functional aspects of a service. As a result, service providers have the potential to deliver new and modified services quickly and easily, since the definitions can be altered as their needs evolve in the medium- or long-term
Effects of mechanical signaling on plant cell cytosolic calcium. (1995)

Mechanical signals are important influences on the development and morphology of higher plants. Using tobacco transformed with the Ca(2+)-sensitive luminescent protein aequorin, we recently reported the effects of mechanical signals of touch and wind on the luminescence and thus intracellular calcium of young seedlings. When mesophyll protoplasts are isolated from these transgenic tobacco plants and mechanically stimulated by swirling them in solution, cytoplasmic Ca2+ increases immediately and transiently up to 10 microM, and these transients are unaffected by an excess of EGTA in the medium. The size of the transient effect is related to the strength of swirling. Epidermal strips isolated from transgenic tobacco leaves and containing only viable guard cells and trichomes also respond to the strength of swirling in solution and can increase their cytoplasmic Ca2+ transiently up to 10 microM. Finally, the moss Physcomitrella patens containing recombinant aequorin exhibits transient increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ up to 5 microM when swirled in solution. This effect is strongly inhibited by ruthenium red. Our data indicate that the effect of mechanical stimulation can be found in a number of different cell types and in a lower plant as well as tobacco and suggest that mechanoperception and the resulting increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ may be widespread.
Combustion Oscillation Control by Cyclic Fuel Injection (1995)

A number of recent articles have demonstrated the use of active control to mitigate the effects of combustion instability in afterburner and dump combustor applications. In these applications, cyclic injection of small quantities of control fuel has been proposed to counteract the periodic heat release that contributes to undesired pressure oscillations. This same technique may also be useful to mitigate oscillations in gas turbine combustors, especially in test rig combustors characterized by acoustic modes that do not exist in the final engine configuration. To address this issue, the present paper reports on active control of a subscale, atmospheric pressure nozzle/combustor arrangement. The fuel is natural gas. Cyclic injection of 14% control fuel in a premix fuel nozzle is shown to reduce oscillating pressure amplitude by a factor of 0.30 (i.e., −10 dB) at 300 Hz. Measurement of the oscillating heat release is also reported.
Nuclear sphingomyelin pathway in serum deprivation‐induced apoptosis of embryonic hippocampal cells (2005)

Sphingomyelin (SM) cycle has been involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increases in ceramide have been found after a larger number of apoptotic stimuli including cytokines, cytotoxic drugs, and environmental stresses. Accumulating evidence suggest that the subcellular localization of ceramide generation is a critical factor in determining the cellular behavior. Since recently enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism such as sphingomyelinase, SM synthase, sphingosine kinase and ceramidase have been found in the nucleus of hepatocyte cells, we have studied first the presence and the physicochemical characteristics of SM metabolism enzymes in nuclei isolated from embryonic hippocampal cells (cell line HN9.10e). The activities of sphingomyelinase and SM-synthase have been assayed and the ceramide production evaluated at different times after serum deprivation in these neurones cultivated in serum-deficient medium. We report that both enzymes are present in the nucleus of embryonic hippocampal cells and differ from those present in the homogenate in optimum pH. After serum deprivation, that induces a time-dependent decrease in cell viability and increase of the cell percentage in G1 phase of the cell cycle, a nuclear sphingomyelinase activation together with SM-synthase inhibition and a consequent increase of nuclear ceramide pool have been demonstrated. No similar enzyme activity modifications in homogenate have been identified. The possible role of nuclear sphingomyelinase/sphingomyelin-synthase balance in serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in the embryonic hippocampal cell is discussed.
Phase I trial and clinical pharmacological evaluation of 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin in adult patients with advanced cancer. (1988)

10-Ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-EDAM) is an analogue of methotrexate with improved preclinical anticancer activity, more selective entry, and greater conversion to polyglutamate forms in neoplastic cells. In this Phase I trial, we have treated 62 adults with advanced solid tumors, giving 10-EDAM i.v. on either a weekly x 3 schedule (35 patients) or a weekly schedule (27 patients). The dosage levels ranged from 5 to 120 mg/m2. The toxicity observed with 10-EDAM was qualitatively similar to that of methotrexate. Oral mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity; diarrhea, skin rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mild elevations of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, prothrombin, and partial thromboplastin times were also observed, but were not dose limiting. A weekly dosage of 80 mg/m2 with escalation or attenuation in accordance with patient tolerance, or 100 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week "rest period" are recommended for Phase II assessment. 10-EDAM produced partial remissions in three patients with non-small cell lung cancer and one patient with breast cancer lasting 6, 40+, 26+, and 15 months, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies carried out at the 5, 30, and 100 mg/m2 dosage levels demonstrated the drug to have a triphasic disappearance from plasma. Elimination was independent of dose over the range tested, with mean plasma half-lives of: alpha = 12.9 min, beta = 1.5 h, and gamma = 11.9 h. Cumulative urinary excretion of the drug ranged from 13 to 55% of the administered dose (mean = 33%); 88% of the urinary drug appeared within the first 4 h following drug administration. The pharmacokinetic behavior of the first and second weekly dosages were consistent within a given patient. The metabolites 7-hydroxy-10-EDAM, and 10-ethyl-10-deaza-2,4-diamino-pteroic acid were demonstrated in the plasma and urine of treated patients. In studies of tissue homogenates from two patients with skin metastases, more extensive retention of the drug and of its polyglutamates was observed in the breast cancer metastases than in the metastases from a kidney cancer or in normal skin.
Permanent magnets on the basis of MMCO5 and the relation between their properties and the primary magnetic properties of these compounds (1975)

The permanent magnetic properties of MM1−xSmxCo5 magnets, prepared by powder‐metallurgical means, have been studied in the range 0<X<0.4 and for various chemical compositions of MM. For both coercivity and energy product, a nearly linear dependence on the samarium content was found in the range investigated. Moreover, there is a very strong correlation between the permanent magnetic properties and the composition of the MM. By optimizing this composition, MM0.85Sm0.15Co5 magnets can be produced with a coercivity IHC≳16 kOe and HK≳14 kOe respectively, and a maximum energy product of up to 18 MGOe. These values will be disucssed with respect to the primary magnetic properties of these compounds as obtained from single crystal measurements.
INSTRUCTIONS, FEEDBACK, AND REINFORCEMENT IN REDUCING ACTIVITY LEVELS IN THE CLASSROOM (1979)

The biomotometer, an electronic device which simultaneously measures motor activity and provides auditory feedback, was used in combination with material reinforcers in an experiment to reduce children's activity level in a classroom setting. Subjects were nine boys and two girls, aged 9--13, from a day hospital program for emotionally disturbed children. After five baseline trials, each child had five contingent reinforcement trials in which he/she received feedback "beeps" from the biomotometer and was given toy or candy rewards after each trial in which activity fell at least 20% below mean baseline level. Then five noncontingent reinforcement trials were run in which children received rewards for wearing the apparatus without the feedback attachment. Results indicated that the intervention "package," including instructions, feedback, and contingent reinforcement, was successful in all five trials for 8 of 11 children. Activity levels increased during the final noncontingent phase.
Humanoid Path Planning From HRI Perspective: A Scalable Approach via Waypoints With a Time Index (2012)

This paper proposes a path planner for a humanoid robot to enhance its performance in terms of the human-robot interaction perspective. From the human point of view, the proposed method uses the time index that can generate a path that humans feel to be natural. In terms of the robot, the proposed method yields a waypoint-based path, the simplicity of which enables accurate tracking even for humanoid robots with complex dynamics. From an environmental perspective through which interactions occur, the proposed method can be easily expanded to a wide area. Overall, the proposed method can be described as a scalable path planner via waypoints with a time index for humanoid robots. Experiments have been conducted in test beds where the robot encounters unexpected exceptional situations. Throughout these trials, the robot successfully reached the goal location while iteratively replanning the path.
Corpus callosum involvement is a consistent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2010)

Callosal involvement is a consistent feature of ALS, independent of clinical upper motor neuron involvement, and may reflect independent bilateral cortical involvement or interhemispheric spread of pathology. The predominantly rostral corticospinal tract involvement further supports the concept of independent cortical degeneration even in those patients with ALS with predominantly lower motor neuron involvement clinically.
Locating base-stations for video sensor networks (2003)

For a wireless video sensor network (WiViSeN) where video nodes have been placed at some strategic locations to capture designated scenes, an immediate challenge is to locate the base-station optimally such that the network lifetime of battery-powered video nodes can be maximized. This paper presents two schemes, one centralized and the other distributed, to obtain the optimal base-station location algorithmically under the proposed definition of topological lifetime. The upper and lower bounds of maximal topological lifetime are derived to enable a quick assessment of energy provisioning feasibility and topology control necessity. In addition, the proposed research provides a foundation to introduce the relay and cluster techniques that can further prolong network lifetime.
A novel splice variant of the DNA-PKcs gene is associated with clinical and cellular radiosensitivity in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (2009)

We provide evidence of a novel splice variant of the DNA-PKcs gene associated with radiosensitivity in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and report the first double mutant in distinct DNA repair pathways being consistent with viability.
Airborne Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing of Russian Wheat Aphid<sup>1</sup>Injury to Wheat (2007)

The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a severe pest of wheat in the High Plains region of the United States. Remote sensing may be an effective way to detect RWA infestations in fields for pest management decision-making purposes. We evaluated an airborne multi-spectral remote sensing system for its ability to differentiate varying levels of injury caused by RWA infestation in winter wheat fields. Two fields located in southeastern Colorado were studied in spring 2004 and two fields located in far western Oklahoma were studied in spring 2005. The proportion of wheat stems damaged by RWA in each field was measured in 20 to 24 3×3-m plots with varying levels of RWA infestation. Prior to sampling plots, multi-spectral imagery was obtained using an SSTCRIS® multi-spectral imaging system mounted NADIR in a Cessna 172 aircraft. The multi-spectral data were compared with the intensity of RWA damage to wheat plants within the plots. Correlations between vegetation indices calculated from the multi-spectral data with the proportion of RWA damaged wheat tillers per plot were negative for all vegetation indices. Regressions of vegetation indices versus the proportion of RWA damaged wheat tillers per plot were usually significant and had negative slopes. However, slopes and intercepts of regressions differed significantly among fields. Any one or a combination of differences in time of day, atmospheric conditions, edaphic factors (e.g. soil type and soil moisture), wheat variety, and possibly other factors could have caused the differences observed in regressions.
N-Halogen Organic Compounds as Cathode Materials for Primary Batteries (1957)

The electrochemical characteristics of a number of N‐halogen organic compounds were studied in various electrolytes. Many of these compounds have greater theoretical ampere‐minute capacity per unit of weight than the corresponding halogens, or the inorganic cathode materials used at present in primary cells. Of the compounds studied, cyclic ureides and melamine derivatives have the most promising characteristics for use as cathode materials in primary cells. Electrodes composed of these materials operate during current flow at potentials approximating the halogen‐halide couple, and give in an electrolyte ampere‐minute per gram capacities corresponding to a two‐ electron change per "positive" halogen in the molecule.
Reflectance Spectra of Pigmented and Nonpigmented Skin in the UV Spectral Region¶ (2004)

We present measurements of reflectance spectra from human skin in vivo in the spectral range from 250 to 700 nm. These measurements show that the reflectance from strongly pigmented skin is higher than that from weakly pigmented skin at wavelengths shorter than approximately 300 nm. We simulate the measured results using a new radiative transfer model developed to study light propagation in skin tissue. Our simulations mimic the measured spectra when scattering from melanosomes, and fragmented melanosomes are taken into account. Scattering from microstructures with high relative refractive indices plays a major role in tissue optics. Our results show that scattering from melanosomes and fragmented melanosomes is of particular significance.
Comparability analysis of protein therapeutics by bottom-up LC-MS with stable isotope-tagged reference standards (2011)

Comparability studies lie at the heart of assessments that evaluate differences amongst manufacturing processes and stability studies of protein therapeutics. Low resolution chromatographic and electrophoretic methods facilitate quantitation, but do not always yield detailed insight into the effect of the manufacturing change or environmental stress. Conversely, mass spectrometry (MS) can provide high resolution information on the molecule, but conventional methods are not very quantitative. This gap can be reconciled by use of a stable isotope-tagged reference standard (SITRS), a version of the analyte protein that is uniformly labeled (13)C6-arginine and (13)C6-lysine. The SITRS serves as an internal control that is trypsin-digested and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS with the analyte sample. The ratio of the ion intensities of each unlabeled and labeled peptide pair is then compared to that of other sample(s). A comparison of these ratios provides a readily accessible way to spot even minute differences among samples. In a study of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) spiked with varying amounts of the same antibody bearing point mutations, peptides containing the mutations were readily identified and quantified at concentrations as low as 2% relative to unmodified peptides. The method is robust, reproducible and produced a linear response for every peptide that was monitored. The method was also successfully used to distinguish between two batches of a mAb that were produced in two different cell lines while two batches produced from the same cell line were found to be highly comparable. Finally, the use of the SITRS method in the comparison of two stressed mAb samples enabled the identification of sites susceptible to deamidation and oxidation, as well as their quantitation. The experimental results indicate that use of a SITRS in a peptide mapping experiment with MS detection enables sensitive and quantitative comparability studies of proteins at high resolution.
Some Characteristics of Interfaces between CAMAC and Small Computers (1973)

The typical CAMAC system is operated in conjunction with a small computer. In the usual case, the computer acts as a repository for data generated by CAMAC, and also controls and directs the CAMAC operations. This paper discusses some of the aspects of the hardware interface, and also some of the interaction between the computer and the CAMAC system.