gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel PDE-based rate-distortion model for rate control (2005)

This paper presents a novel rate-distortion (R-D) model for rate control of video coding. First, we investigate the well-known heat conduction equation (HCE) in the heat conduction process for a thin bar. HCE describes the dynamic distribution of temperature in a thin bar using a partial differential equation (PDE). Motivated by the heat conduction process in a thin bar, a new rate transmission equation (RTE) is proposed to describe the dynamic behaviors of the bit-rate fluctuation during video coding. Second, a particular solution of RTE is employed as our proposed R-D model, which consists of two variables, i.e., the distortion D and the source statistical character M. Based on our model, a corresponding rate-control scheme is proposed for MPEG coding. Finally, extensive experimental results are reported to show that, compared with the well-known MPEG-4 Q2 rate-control scheme, our proposed work achieves better buffer status, higher control accuracy, and stabler and more consistent picture quality.
Hepatitis C Virus: From Laboratory to Clinic (2002)

Hepatitis C infects 170 million people worldwide, and has been labelled the 'silent epidemic' as a result of its concealed attack on the liver. This multidisciplinary overview covers basic concepts related to the discovery of the virus, development of serological and nucleic acid tests to detect infection, the structure of the virus genome, generation of virus gene products, and proposed replication scheme. It then goes on to introduce the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis of infection, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic virus infection, and current strategies for treatment. The book then discusses advances in cell culture systems, animal models of infection, and emerging treatments and vaccine development. Through its coverage of basic science, clinical consequences, and methods of research, this integrated and accessible account will be of immense value to biomedical scientists and clinicians alike, and a useful introduction for all those studying the virus and its effects
Data dissemination based on the energy map (2005)

One of the most important resources in wireless sensor networks is energy, since, in general, batteries cannot be recharged. The information about the amount of energy available at each part of the network is called the energy map and can be explored by data dissemination algorithms. In this work, a new data dissemination algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The key idea is to combine concepts presented in trajectory-based forwarding with the information provided by the energy map to determine routes in a dynamic fashion. Simulation results reveal that the energy spent with data dissemination activity can be concentrated on nodes with high energy reserves, whereas low-energy nodes can use their energy only to perform sensing activity. In this manner, partitions of the network due to nodes that run out of energy can be significantly delayed and the network lifetime extended.
Microfluidic‐Spinning‐Directed Conductive Fibers toward Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors (2018)

Abstract The large‐scale fabrication of the flexible fiber‐shaped micro‐supercapacitors has received major attention from both industrial and academic researchers. Herein, conductive and robust polyaniline‐wrapped multiwall carbon tubes reduced graphene oxide/thermoplastic polyurethane (PANI/MCNTs‐rGO/TPU) composite fibers are successfully fabricated on a large scale via the combination of facile microfluidic‐spinning process and in situ polymerization of aniline. Initially, MCNTs‐rGO/TPU fibers are formed in a T‐shape microfluidic chip, relying on the fast material diffusion and exchange in the microfluidic channel. Then, PANI/MCNTs‐rGO/TPU hybrid fibers are synthesized through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. With the assistance of polyaniline, these PANI/MCNTs‐rGO/TPU hybrid fibers exhibit enhanced electrochemical properties in comparison with pure MCNTs‐rGO/TPU fibers, especially in high specific capacitance, which is dramatically increased from 42.1 to 155.5 mF cm −2 . Moreover, the PANI/MCNTs‐rGO/TPU hybrid fibers can endure various blending stresses, contributing to its outperforming flexibility and weavability. The best of the excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties of these conductive fibers is made to construct the flexible supercapacitors and various complicated functional fabrics.
An adjustable permanent magnet focussing system for heavy ion beams (1988)

A system of permanent-magnet quadrupoles and dipoles is described for transporting a heavy ion beam of the Laboratory's K800 superconducting cyclotrons from the extraction system exit, through the return yoke, to the beginning of the external beamline. After a brief summary of the beam line layout, the authors discuss tests carried out on six candidate materials (Sm/sub 1/Co/sub 5/, Sm/sub 2/Co/sub 17/, NdFeB, and three types of NdFeB with various additives used to increase the coercivity) that resulted in the choice of SmCo permanent magnet material. The beam optics utilize adjustable quadrupoles and dipoles constructed from rings of permanent magnet material. To adjust the strength, the rings are rotated about the beam axis in opposite directions. Ray-tracing calculation results confirm the absence of x and y phase space mixing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved bad data processing via strategic placement of PMUs (2005)

Bad data detection and identification is one of the essential functions performed by state estimators. Capability of a state estimator to detect bad data is directly related to the measurement configuration. Bad data associated with critical measurements can not be detected. Transforming critical measurements into redundant measurements requires adding extra measurements at strategic locations. In this paper, phasor measurement units (PMU) are used for this purpose. It is shown that with few extra PMUs, bad data detection and identification capability of a given system can be drastically improved. Description of the placement algorithm is given and case studies carried out on different size test systems are presented.
Significant Correlation Between the Degree of WT1 Expression and the International Prognostic Scoring System Score in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2003)

WT1 is a useful molecular marker for risk assessment in MDS patients.
A DEGRADING PROTEINASE TEST TO DISTINGUISH BENIGN AND VIRULENT OVINE ISOLATES OF <i>BACTEROIDES NODOSUS</i> (1979)

Bacteroides nodosus was recovered from naturally occurring cases of virulent ovine footrot (VFR) and benign footrot (BFR) using an artificial culture medium which incorporated trypticase, arginine, serine and 5% agar. A degrading proteinase (DP) test was developed which measured the proteinase activity of broth cultures of B. nodosus for a period of time after organism death to assess the stability of the enzyme. The spectrophotometric measurement of the release of dye from a hide powder--azure conjugate by the action of proteinase provided an objective analysis of enzyme activity. The DP test differentiated VFR and BFR isolates and promises to be a useful laboratory method for the diagnosis of benign and virulent footrot in sheep.
[Preventive drug therapy following coronary bypass surgery or PTCA]. (1990)

Antiplatelet therapy to prevent occlusion of coronary bypass grafts is widely used. Though the value of this therapy after bypass surgery is not yet settled, some favourable results have been achieved. Many physicians continue to use the Mayo Clinic recommendations (peri- and postoperative administration of aspirin and dipyridamole) while others used dipyridamole and aspirin after surgery, and others use aspirin alone. It is now well established that pretreatment with platelet inhibitors is effective in lowering the incidence of acute vessel closure after angioplasty: Numerous drugs, including warfarin, aspirin and dipyridamole, aspirin and heparin, nifedipine, diltiazem and the experimental antiplatelet agent ticlopidine have proved ineffective in reducing the rate of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Only high dose administration of an omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplement for 1 week before angioplasty lowers patients' risk for restenosis, but this therapy does not appear effective if begun the night before the procedure or done with somewhat lower dose. Until additional results are available, clinicians must treat patients on extrapolation from the published trials. Low-dose aspirin should be used for several weeks after the procedure. Careful attention to risk factor modification, especially smoking, lipid profile and diabetes control, seems essential in any long-term plan of management in the patient with coronary disease.
Evolving 3D Morphology and Behavior by Competition (1994)

This article describes a system for the evolution and coevolution of virtual creatures that compete in physically simulated three-dimensional worlds. Pairs of individuals enter one-on-one contests in which they contend to gain control of a common resource. The winners receive higher relative fitness scores allowing them to survive and reproduce. Realistic dynamics simulation including gravity, collisions, and friction, restricts the actions to physically plausible behaviors.

The morphology of these creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces are both genetically determined, and the morphology and behavior can adapt to each other as they evolve simultaneously. The genotypes are structured as directed graphs of nodes and connections, and they can efficiently but flexibly describe instructions for the development of creatures' bodies and control systems with repeating or recursive components. When simulated evolutions are performed with populations of competing creatures, interesting and diverse strategies and counterstrategies emerge.
Active hyperbolic metamaterials: enhanced spontaneous emission and light extraction (2015)

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have recently garnered much attention because they possess the potential for broadband manipulation of the photonic density of states and subwavelength light confinement. These exceptional properties arise due to the excitation of electromagnetic states with high momentum (high-k modes). However, a major hindrance to practical applications of HMMs is the difficulty in coupling light out of these modes because they become evanescent at the surface of the metamaterial. Here we report the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of simultaneous spontaneous emission enhancement and outcoupling of high-k modes in an active HMM using a high-index-contrast bullseye grating. Quantum dots embedded inside the metamaterial are used for local excitation of high-k modes. This demonstration could pave the way for the development of photonic devices such as single-photon sources, ultrafast LEDs, and true nanoscale lasers.
The Thin-Film Module as a High-Performance Semiconductor Package (1982)

This paper discusses a multichip module for future VLSI computer packages on which an array of silicon chips is directly attached and interconnected by high-density thin-film lossy transmission lines. Since the high-performance VLSI chips contain a large number of off-chip driver circuits which are allowed to switch simultaneously in operation, low-inductance on-module capacitors are found to be essential for stabilizing the on-module power supply. Novel on-module capacitor structures are therefore proposed, discussed, and evaluated. Material systems and processing techniques for both the thin-film interconnection lines and the capacitor structures are also briefly discussed in the paper. Development of novel defect detection and repair techniques has been identified as essential for fabricating the Thin-Film Module with practical yields.
Time-reversal symmetry and image reconstruction through multiple-scattering media (1992)

Imaging through a multiple scatterer by using the time-reversal symmetry of double passage is analyzed, and a comparison is made with previous work for phase screens. An ensemble average over scatterer positions and a coherently reflecting object are assumed. The depolarization of the light as the result of multiple scattering and the means of separating the light that is returned by the object from the light that is returned by the random medium are discussed. Imaging through a single realization of the random medium is also considered.
Gene cloning, biochemical characterization and physiological role of a thermostable low‐specificity <scp>L</scp>‐threonine aldolase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The ltaE gene encoding for a thermostable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase, which catalyzes the cleavage of L-threonine/L-allo-threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde, was cloned from Escherichia coli GS245 by the polymerase chain reaction. Construction and expression of the plasmid pLTAE, which contained the ltaE gene under the control of the lac promoter, resulted in a 227-fold increase in the specific activity above the level detected in E. coli cells containing the control vector. The enzyme is thermostable: it retained its full activity upon heating at 60 degrees C for 1 h. The enzyme was thus feasibly purified to homogeneity by heat treatment and butyl-Toyopearl column chromatography, and characterized. To reveal the physiological role of the enzyme, gene disruption was performed. Knockout of the ltaE gene of wild-type E. coli did not effect the cellular growth rate, while disruption of the ltaE gene of E. coli GS245, whose serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene was knocked out, caused a significant decrease in the cellular growth rate, suggesting that the threonine aldolase is not a major source of cellular glycine in wild-type E. coli but catalyzes an alternative pathway for cellular glycine when serine hydroxymethyltransferase is inert.
Compact heat exchangers selection, design and operation (2001)

Selected Contents. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Industrial Compact Exchangers. Chapter 3 The Heat Exchanger as Part of a System: Exergetic (Second Law) Analysis. Chapter 4 Surface Comparisons, Size, Shape and Weight Relationships. Chapter 5 Surface Types and Correlations. Chapter 6 Thermal Design. Chapter 7 Compact Heat Exchangers In Practice. Appendices.
Differential Modulation of Human Intestinal Bifidobacterium Populations after Consumption of a Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Drink (2013)

Bifidobacteria are gaining increasing interest as health-promoting bacteria. Nonetheless, the genus comprises several species, which can exert different effects on human host. Previous studies showed that wild blueberry drink consumption could selectively increase intestinal bifidobacteria, suggesting an important role for the polyphenols and fiber present in wild blueberries. This study evaluated the modulation of the most common and abundant bifidobacterial taxonomic groups inhabiting the human gut in the same fecal samples. The analyses carried out showed that B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. catenulatum/pseudocatelulatum, and B. longum subsp. longum were always present in the group of subjects enrolled, whereas B. bifidum and B. longum subsp. infantis were not. Furthermore, it was found that the most predominant bifidobacterial species were B. longum subsp. longum and B. adolescentis. The results obtained revealed a high interindividual variability; however, a significant increase of B. longum subsp. infantis cell concentration was observed in the feces of volunteers after the wild blueberry drink treatment. This bifidobacterial group was shown to possess immunomodulatory abilities and to relieve symptoms and promote the regression of several gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, an increased cell concentration of B. longum subsp. infantis in the human gut could be considered of potential health benefit. In conclusion, wild blueberry consumption resulted in a specific bifidogenic effect that could positively affect certain populations of bifidobacteria with demonstrated health-promoting properties.
Directed ortho-lithiation of lithium thiophenolate. New methodology for the preparation of ortho-substituted thiophenols and related compounds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirected ortho-lithiation of lithium thiophenolate. New methodology for the preparation of ortho-substituted thiophenols and related compoundsGarret D. Figuly, Cynthia K. Loop, and J. C. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2, 654–658Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a038Request reuse permissionsArticle Views2149Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (641 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Miniatured annular ring loaded patch antennas (2007)

The proliferation of wireless communication systems has promoted the development of miniaturized antenna designs. Annular ring patch antennas are reported to reduce antenna size. In this paper, several novel compact probe-fed annular-ring microstrip patch antennas are presented. In order to reduce the antenna size and provide a suitable input impedance match, two techniques are employed; the insertion of strips into the annular ring and placing a cross-slot into the ground plane. The proposed annular-ring patch antennas with a cross-slotted ground plane yield a much smaller size for a given frequency and are easily matched to 50 Ohms. These novel patch antennas can effectively be reduced by about 55 percent in size compared to conventional annular-ring patch antennas. The antenna can be designed for single band circular-polarization, dual-band circular polarization, triple band, or wideband operation, depending on parameter selection. Some significant advantages are evident for these structures, such as the centre-frequency exhibiting weak dependence on the position of the feedpoint as well as compact size. Good circularly polarized properties and wide CP bandwidths are obtained for these compact antennas. The multiband versions can provide small frequency ratios. The optimized dimensions for four different type antennas are displayed.
Evidence for a Role of Mast Cells in the Evolution to Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

Mast cells are believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure, but their precise role in the process is unknown. This study examined the role of mast cells in the progression of heart failure, using mast cell-deficient (WBB6F1-W/W(v)) mice and their congenic controls (wild-type [WT] mice). Systolic pressure overload was produced by banding of the abdominal aorta, and cardiac function was monitored over 15 wk. At 4 wk after aortic constriction, cardiac hypertrophy with preserved left ventricular performance (compensated hypertrophy) was observed in both W/W(v) and WT mice. Thereafter, left ventricular performance gradually decreased in WT mice, and pulmonary congestion became apparent at 15 wk (decompensated hypertrophy). In contrast, decompensation of cardiac function did not occur in W/W(v) mice; left ventricular performance was preserved throughout, and pulmonary congestion was not observed. Perivascular fibrosis and upregulation of mast cell chymase were all less apparent in W/W(v) mice. Treatment with tranilast, a mast cell-stabilizing agent, also prevented the evolution from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure. These observations suggest that mast cells play a critical role in the progression of heart failure. Stabilization of mast cells may represent a new approach in the management of heart failure.
Molecular photoacoustic tomography of breast cancer using receptor targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents (2012)

In this report, we present a breast imaging technique combining high-resolution near-infrared (NIR) light induced photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with NIR dye-labeled amino-terminal fragments of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NIR830-ATF-IONP) for breast cancer imaging using an orthotopic mouse mammary tumor model. We show that accumulation of the targeted nanoparticles in the tumor led to photoacoustic contrast enhancement due to the high absorption of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). NIR fluorescence images were used to validate specific delivery of NIR830-ATF-IONP to mouse mammary tumors. We found that systemic delivery of the targeted IONP produced 4- and 10-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signals in the tumor, compared to the tumor of the mice that received non-targeted IONP or control mice. The use of targeted nanoparticles allowed imaging of tumors located as deep as 3.1 cm beneath the normal tissues. Our study indicates the potential of the combination of photoacoustic tomography and receptor-targeted NIR830-ATF-IONP as a clinical tool that can provide improved specificity and sensitivity for breast cancer detection.
Performance Evaluation for 3-D City Model Generation of Six Different DSMs From Air- and Spaceborne Sensors (2012)

Since remote sensing provides more and more sensors and techniques to accumulate data on urban regions, three-dimensional representations of these complex environments gained much interest for various applications. In order to obtain three-dimensional representations, one of the most practical ways is to generate Digital Surface Models (DSMs) using very high resolution remotely sensed images from two or more viewing directions, or by using LIDAR sensors. Due to occlusions, matching errors and interpolation techniques these DSMs do not exhibit completely steep walls, and in order to obtain real three-dimensional urban models including objects like buildings from these DSMs, advanced methods are needed. A novel approach based on building shape detection, height estimation, and rooftop reconstruction is proposed to achieve realistic three-dimensional building representations. Our automatic approach consists of three main modules as; detection of complex building shapes, understanding rooftop type, and three-dimensional building model reconstruction based on detected shape and rooftop type. Besides the development of the methodology, the goal is to investigate the applicability and accuracy which can be accomplished in this context for different stereo sensor data. We use DSMs of Munich city which are obtained from different satellite (Cartosat-1, Ikonos, WorldView-2) and airborne sensors (3K camera, HRSC, and LIDAR). The paper later focuses on a quantitative comparisons of the outputs from the different multi-view sensors for a better understanding of qualities, capabilities and possibilities for applications. Results look very promising even for the DSMs derived from satellite data.