gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of water extracts of neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>) on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria from buffalo (1991)

Abstract The effect of cold and hot water extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) seed kernel cake on the hydrolytic enzymes of mixed rumen bacteria was studied. The activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase were stimulated, and those of α‐amylase, protease and urease were inhibited by the addition of neem cake extract to the reaction mixture. The stimulation and inhibition became more intense with increasing concentration of extract. The hot water extract was more effective than cold water extract in stimulation of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities, but ä‐amylase was inhibited equally by both the extracts.
Cooperation between Mast Cells and Neurons Is Essential for Antigen-Mediated Bronchoconstriction (2009)

Mast cells are important sentinels guarding the interface between the environment and the body: a breach in the integrity of this interface can lead to the release of a plethora of mediators that engage the foreign agent, recruit leukocytes, and initiate adaptive physiological changes in the organism. While these capabilities make mast cells critical players in immune defense, it also makes them important contributors to the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma. Mast cell mediators induce dramatic changes in smooth muscle physiology, and the expression of receptors for these factors by smooth muscle suggests that they act directly to initiate constriction. Contrary to this view, we show herein that mast cell-mediated bronchoconstriction is observed only in animals with intact innervation of the lung and that serotonin release alone is required for this action. While ablation of sensory neurons does not limit bronchoconstriction, constriction after Ag challenge is absent in mice in which the cholinergic pathways are compromised. Linking mast cell function to the cholinergic system likely provides an important means of modulating the function of these resident immune cells to physiology of the lung, but may also provide a safeguard against life-threatening anaphylaxis during mast cell degranulation.
Ribonomic Analysis of Human Pum1 Reveals <i>cis-trans</i> Conservation across Species despite Evolution of Diverse mRNA Target Sets (2008)

PUF family proteins are among the best-characterized regulatory RNA-binding proteins in nonmammalian species, but relatively little is known about mRNA targets or functions of mammalian PUF proteins. In this study, we used ribonomic analysis to identify and analyze mRNAs associated with ribonucleoproteins containing an endogenous human PUF protein, Pum1. Pum1-associated mRNAs were highly enriched for genes encoding proteins that function in transcriptional regulation and cell cycle/proliferation, results consistent with the posttranscriptional RNA regulon model and the proposed ancestral functions of PUF proteins in stem cell biology. Analysis of 3' untranslated region sequences of Pum1-associated mRNAs revealed a core Pum1 consensus sequence, UGUAHAUA. Pum1 knockdown demonstrated that Pum1 enhances decay of associated mRNAs, and relocalization of Pum1 to stress granules suggested that Pum1 functions in repression of translation. This study is the first in vivo genome-wide mRNA target identification of a mammalian PUF protein and provides direct evidence that human PUF proteins regulate stability of associated mRNAs. Comparison of Pum1-associated mRNAs to mRNA targets of PUF proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster demonstrates how a well-conserved RNA-binding domain and cognate binding sequence have been evolutionarily rewired to regulate the collective expression of different sets of functionally related genes.
Platelet lysis and aggregation in shear fields. (1978)

A rotational viscometer was used to study the effects of shear stress on platelets in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). For 5-min exposure times, shear stresses above 160 dynes/cm2 induced platelet lysis (as determined by release of platelet lactic dehydrogenase). For 30-s exposure times, shear stresses greater than 600 dynes/cm2 were required to induce platelet lysis. The platelet counts of sheared PRP were decreased to as low as one-fifth the original count due largely to shear-induced aggregation. The count is a minimum at intermediate stress levels (200-400 dynes/cm2). Higher stresses induce disaggregation as well as lysis. The diminution in the counts was partially reversed in 2 h incubation after cessation of shearing. Experiments were carried out with three different viscometer configurations so that the shear stress and the solid surface area access could be varied independently. Surface access was not a significant variable in the conditions of the experiments. Thus aggregation and lysis may be induced by stress effects alone as well as by solid surface effects. The results also show that the response of platelets to shear stress is strongly dependent on exposure time. Platelets are much less resistant to shear stress than red cells for relatively long exposure times. However, the converse is true for very short exposure times.
Microwave Remote Sensing - Active and Passive - Volume I - Microwave Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Radiometry (1981)

The three components of microwave remote sensing (sensor-scene interaction, sensor design, and measurement techniques), and the applications to geoscience are examined. The history of active and passive microwave sensing is reviewed, along with fundamental principles of electromagnetic wave propagation, antennas, and microwave interaction with atmospheric constituents. Radiometric concepts are reviewed, particularly for measurement problems for atmospheric and terrestrial sources of natural radiation. Particular attention is given to the emission by atmospheric gases, clouds, and rain as described by the radiative transfer function. Finally, the operation and performance characteristics of radiometer receivers are discussed, particularly for measurement precision, calibration techniques, and imaging considerations.
Eight-Point Glucose Testing Versus the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Evaluation of Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

Both methods gave similar mean glucose profiles and associations with hemoglobin A1c. Advantages of the CGMS were higher density of data and better detection of postprandial peaks. However, the CGMS may overestimate the frequency of low glucose levels, especially overnight.
Extreme Sensitivity to Low-Level X-Rays in the Eye of the Cockroach Blaberus (1965)

The results of a number of recent experiments indicate that animals can detect very small doses of ionizing radiation (1-3). In insects, Smith et al. (4) have demonstrated that a brief burst of X-rays can elicit flight activity in moths at dose rates below 1.5 r/sec. More recently, results from the same laboratory have shown a flicker fusion at a dose-rate threshold to f-radiation of 0.02 mr/sec, with an electroretinogram (ERG) occurring at a total dose of 0.25 mr (5). The present study consists of an extension of work on the eye of the cockroach Blaberus giganteus reported previously (6), and concerns threshold levels and the effects of total dose and dose rate on the magnitude of the electrical response of the compound eye. Responses to exceedingly low total doses (0.09 mr) have been observed.
Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Is Sequence Related to Beta Toxin, NetB, and Staphylococcus Pore-Forming Toxins, but Shows Functional Differences (2008)

Clostridium perfringens produces numerous toxins, which are responsible for severe diseases in man and animals. Delta toxin is one of the three hemolysins released by a number of C. perfringens type C and possibly type B strains. Delta toxin was characterized to be cytotoxic for cells expressing the ganglioside G(M2) in their membrane. Here we report the genetic characterization of Delta toxin and its pore forming activity in lipid bilayers. Delta toxin consists of 318 amino acids, its 28 N-terminal amino acids corresponding to a signal peptide. The secreted Delta toxin (290 amino acids; 32619 Da) is a basic protein (pI 9.1) which shows a significant homology with C. perfringens Beta toxin (43% identity), with C. perfringens NetB (40% identity) and, to a lesser extent, with Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin and leukotoxins. Recombinant Delta toxin showed a preference for binding to G(M2), in contrast to Beta toxin, which did not bind to gangliosides. It is hemolytic for sheep red blood cells and cytotoxic for HeLa cells. In artificial diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes, Delta and Beta toxin formed channels. Conductance of the channels formed by Delta toxin, with a value of about 100 pS to more than 1 nS in 1 M KCl and a membrane potential of 20 mV, was higher than those formed by Beta toxin and their distribution was broader. The results of zero-current membrane potential measurements and single channel experiments suggest that Delta toxin forms slightly anion-selective channels, whereas the Beta toxin channels showed a preference for cations under the same conditions. C. perfringens Delta toxin shows a significant sequence homolgy with C. perfringens Beta and NetB toxins, as well as with S. aureus alpha hemolysin and leukotoxins, but exhibits different channel properties in lipid bilayers. In contrast to Beta toxin, Delta toxin recognizes G(M2) as receptor and forms anion-selective channels.
Hybrid optical maskless lithography: Scaling beyond the 45nm node (2005)

Optical lithography at 193nm with resolution enhancements and immersion is widely expected to meet the needs of the 45nm node. Beyond this, at 32nm and below, the solution is not as clear. In this article we present simulation results and experimental demonstrations of an all-optical approach capable of high-throughput 32nm lithography (hybrid optical maskless lithography). In this method high-resolution dense gratings are defined in a first exposure using maskless interference lithography. A second “trim” exposure, using conventional projection lithography, customizes these gratings into useful patterns. Our simulations indicate that 32nm node patterning can be achieved using trim tools and masks of significantly lower resolution. We also present experimental feasibility results using 157nm “dry” interference in combination with projection 248nm or e-beam trim exposures. The technological requirements and extendibility of such a method beyond the 32nm node are also examined.
Synthesis and characterization of a copper(I) triflate complex of 1,2:5,6:9,10-tribenzocyclododeca-1,5,9-triene-3,7,11-triyne (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of a copper(I) triflate complex of 1,2:5,6:9,10-tribenzocyclododeca-1,5,9-triene-3,7,11-triyneJoseph D. Ferrara, Claire. Tessier-Youngs, and Wiley J. YoungsCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 3, 676–678Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00146a041https://doi.org/10.1021/om00146a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Accelerated Nonlinear Multichannel Ultrasonic Tomographic Imaging Using Target Sparseness (2014)

This paper presents an accelerated iterative Landweber method for nonlinear ultrasonic tomographic imaging in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration under a sparsity constraint on the image. The proposed method introduces the emerging MIMO signal processing techniques and target sparseness constraints in the traditional computational imaging field, thus significantly improves the speed of image reconstruction compared with the conventional imaging method while producing high quality images. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that incorporating prior knowledge about the imaging field such as target sparseness accelerates significantly the convergence of the iterative imaging method, which provides considerable benefits to real-time tomographic imaging applications.
Mammalian eyes and associated tissues contain molecules that are immunologically related to cartilage proteoglycan and link protein. (1982)

Monospecific antibodies to bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan monomer and link protein were used to demonstrate that immunologically related molecules are present in the bovine eye and associated tissues. With immunofluorescence microscopy, reactions for both proteoglycan and link protein were observed in the sclera, the anterior uveal tract, and the endoneurium of the optic nerve of the central nervous system. Antibody to bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan also reacted with some connective tissue sheaths of rectus muscle and the perineurium of the optic nerve of the central nervous system. Antibody to proteoglycan purified from rat brain cross-reacted with bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan, indicating structural similarities between these proteoglycans. ELISA studies and crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that purified dermatan sulphate proteoglycans isolated from bovine sclera did not react with these antibodies but that the antibody to cartilage proteoglycan reacted with other molecules extracted from sclera. Two molecular species resembling bovine nasal link protein in size and reactivity with antibody were also demonstrated in scleral extracts: the larger molecule was more common. Antibody to link protein reacted with the media of arterial vessels demonstrating the localization of arterial link protein described earlier. Tissues that were unstained for either molecule included the connective tissue stroma of the iris, retina, vitreous body, cornea, and the remainder of the uveal tract. These observations clearly demonstrate that tissues other than cartilage contain molecules that are immunologically related to cartilage-derived proteoglycans and link proteins.
Extracellular K <sup>+</sup> Dependence of Inward Rectification Kinetics in Human Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes (1998)

The pattern of IK1 current alterations observed in the present model of human ventricular hypertrophy might favor enhanced excitability and underlie ventricular arrhythmias, possibly via increased intracellular polyamine levels.
Low cost, prototype ASIC and MCM fabrication and assembly from the MOSIS service (2002)

The MOSIS Service at the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute offers services to obtain custom designed prototype quantities of ASICs and Multichip Modules (MCMs). The service recently added MIDAS, the MultiChip Module Designers' Access Service for MCM fabrication to the list of standard offerings. Thus a designer can now access domestic, high-volume IC and MCM production lines to obtain low-cost, prototype quantities of both. The low-cost environment exists via a multi-project environment, where users share the cost of NRE, masks, and fabrication. MOSIS takes care of front end foundry tasks such as data preparation and obtaining masks as well as placing the orders and delivering the finished product. This paper discusses how to access MOSIS to obtain custom ICs and MCMs for building innovative microelectronic devices.
Efficient object detection using cascades of nearest convex model classifiers (2012)

An object detector must detect and localize each instance of the object class of interest in the image. Many recent detectors adopt a sliding window approach, reducing the problem to one of deciding whether the detection window currently contains a valid object instance or background. Machine learning based discriminants such as SVM and boosting are typically used for this, often in the form of classifier cascades to allow more rapid rejection of easy negatives. We argue that “one class” methods - ones that focus mainly on modelling the range of the positive class - are a useful alternative to binary discriminants in such applications, particularly in the early stages of the cascade where one-class approaches may allow simpler classifiers and faster rejection. We implement this in the form of a short cascade of efficient nearest-convex-model one-class classifiers, starting with linear distance-to-affine-hyperplane and interior-of-hypersphere classifiers and finishing with kernelized hypersphere classifiers. We show that our methods have very competitive performance on the Faces in the Wild and ESOGU face detection datasets and state-of-the-art performance on the INRIA Person dataset. As predicted, the one-class formulations provide significant reductions in classifier complexity relative to the corresponding two-class ones.
Macrophage Enrichment with the Isoflavan Glabridin Inhibits NADPH Oxidase-induced Cell-mediated Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein (1999)

Macrophage-mediated oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered to be of major importance in early atherogenesis; therefore, intervention means to inhibit this process are being extensively studied. In the present study, we questioned the ability of the isoflavan glabridin (from licorice) to accumulate in macrophages and to affect cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. We first performed in vitro studies, using mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) and the J-774 A.1 macrophage-like cell line. Both cells accumulated up to 1.5 micrograms of glabridin/mg of cell protein after 2 h of incubation, and this process was time- and glabridin dose-dependent. In parallel, in glabridin-enriched cells, macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL was inhibited by up to 80% in comparison with control cells. Glabridin inhibited superoxide release from MPMs in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or to LDL when added together with copper ions, by up to 60%. Translocation of P-47, a cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase to the plasma membrane was substantially inhibited. In glabridin-enriched macrophages, protein kinase C activity reduced by approximately 70%. All of the above effects of glabridin required the presence of the two hydroxyl groups on the flavonoid's B phenol ring. In order to assess the physiological significance of these results, we next performed in vivo studies, using the atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (E0) mice. MPMs harvested from glabridin-treated E0 mice (20 micrograms/mouse/day for a period of 6 weeks) demonstrated reduced capability to oxidize LDL by 80% in comparison with placebo-treated mice. This latter phenomenon was associated with a reduction in the lesion oxysterols and a 50% reduction in the aortic lesion size. We thus conclude that glabridin accumulation in macrophages is associated with reduced cell-mediated oxidation of LDL and decreased activation of the NADPH oxidase system. These phenomena could be responsible for the attenuation of atherosclerosis in E0 mice, induced by glabridin.
A Surge Current Stable and Avalanche Rugged SiC Merged pn Schottky Diode Blocking 600V Especially Suited for PFC Applications (2006)

Today silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes are mainly used in the power factor control (PFC) unit of high end switched mode power supplies, due to their outstanding switching performance compared to Si pn diodes. In the case of the PFC it is required that the diodes are capable of handling surge currents up to several times the current of normal operation. The paper shows the surge current capability of a merged pn Schottky diode where the p-areas are optimized as efficient emitters. During normal operation the diode is behaving like a normal Schottky diode whereas during surge current condition the diode is behaving like a pn diode. For a sine half wave of 10 ms we achieved a non repetitive peak forward current capability of about 3700 A/cm2 which is about ten times rated current (for comparison: destructive current density of a standard Schottky diode ~ 1650 A/cm²). Additionally the device shows a stable avalanche and is able to withstand a single shot avalanche of 9.5 3s and 12.5 mJ.
Decomposition characteristics of biodegradable plastics made from sago starch‐extraction residue (2010)

Abstract Biodegradable plastics were synthesized for the effective use of sago starch‐extraction residue, which has been discarded as a waste. Two types of esterified sago starch‐extraction residue, P‐SP and L‐SP, were obtained. It had black color for P‐SP 160 (esterified by palm oil) to light yellow color for L‐SP 80 (esterified by lauric acid) and showed high carbon content, ranging from 399.3 to 537.1 g kg −1 . Biodegradable plastics from the residue, which had high esterification degree showed thermoplasticity and slower decomposition in Andisols in Japan and Inceptisols in Philippines. The esterification degrees of P‐SP 160 and L‐SP were 3.23 and 2.95 to 5.18 mmol g −1 , respectively. In addition, L‐SP 80 exhibited the most appropriate thermal softening behavior by heating. The cumulative decomposition of P‐SP 160 in Andisols and Inceptisols showed 16.7 and 32.8% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. On the other hand, the decomposition rates of L‐SP 80 in Andisols and Inceptisols were less than 10% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. The addition of triacetin as plasticizer to P‐SP 160 and L‐SP 80 remarkably influenced the decomposition rate of both molded P‐SP 160 and L‐SP 80 . © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011