gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Naturally Derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 Inducers and Their Therapeutic Application to Immune-Mediated Diseases (2020)

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the primary antioxidant enzyme involved in heme group degradation. A variety of stimuli triggers the expression of the inducible HO-1 isoform, which is modulated by its substrate and cellular stressors. A major anti-inflammatory role has been assigned to the HO-1 activity. Therefore, in recent years HO-1 induction has been employed as an approach to treating several disorders displaying some immune alterations components, such as exacerbated inflammation or self-reactivity. Many natural compounds have shown to be effective inductors of HO-1 without cytotoxic effects; among them, most are chemicals present in plants used as food, flavoring, and medicine. Here we discuss some naturally derived compounds involved in HO-1 induction, their impact in the immune response modulation, and the beneficial effect in diverse autoimmune disorders. We conclude that the use of some compounds from natural sources able to induce HO-1 is an attractive lifestyle toward promoting human health. This review opens a new outlook on the investigation of naturally derived HO-1 inducers, mainly concerning autoimmunity.
Display of Recombinant Proteins on Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles by Using Protein Ligation (2018)

The <i>Escherichia coli</i> virulence factor hemoglobin protease (Hbp) has been engineered into a surface display system that can be expressed to high density on live <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium cells or derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Multiple antigenic sequences can be genetically fused into the Hbp core structure for optimal exposure to the immune system. Although the Hbp display platform is relatively tolerant, increasing the number, size, and complexity of integrated sequences generally lowers the expression of the fused constructs and limits the density of display. This is due to the intricate mechanism of Hbp secretion across the outer membrane and the efficient quality control of translocation-incompetent chimeric Hbp molecules in the periplasm. To address this shortcoming, we explored the coupling of purified proteins to the Hbp carrier after its translocation across the outer membrane using the recently developed SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligation system. As expected, fusion of the small SpyTag to Hbp did not hamper display on OMVs. Subsequent addition of purified proteins fused to the SpyCatcher domain resulted in efficient covalent coupling to Hbp-SpyTag. Using in addition the orthogonal SnoopTag/SnoopCatcher system, multiple antigen modules could be coupled to Hbp in a sequential ligation strategy. Not only antigens proved suitable for Spy-mediated ligation but also nanobodies. Addition of this functionality to the platform might allow the targeting of live bacterial or OMV vaccines to certain tissues or immune cells to tailor immune responses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria attract increasing interest in the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents. We aim to construct a semisynthetic OMV platform for recombinant antigen presentation on OMVs derived from attenuated <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium cells displaying an adapted <i>Escherichia coli</i> autotransporter, Hbp, at the surface. Although this autotransporter accepts substantial modifications, its capacity with respect to the number, size, and structural complexity of the antigens genetically fused to the Hbp carrier is restricted. Here we describe the application of SpyCatcher/SpyTag protein ligation technology to enzymatically link antigens to Hbp present at high density in OMVs. Protein ligation was apparently unobstructed by the membrane environment and allowed a high surface density of coupled antigens, a property we have shown to be important for vaccine efficacy. The OMV coupling procedure appears versatile and robust, allowing fast production of experimental vaccines and therapeutic agents through a modular plug-and-display procedure.
Women and Leadership: An Integrative Focus on Equality (2013)

This article explores the importance of equality in leadership practice; describes an inclusive approach to effective leadership; and summarizes examples of contemporary and inclusive leadership models. It identifies the barriers and challenges that women face in advancing into top-level leadership positions and outlines a balanced approach to leadership that embraces equality and honors both feminine and masculine leadership principles.
Separating fast and slow modes in coupled chaotic systems (2004)

Abstract. We test a simple technique based on breeding to separate fast and slow unstable modes in coupled systems with different time scales of evolution and variable amplitudes. The technique takes advantage of the earlier saturation of error growth rate of the fastest mode and of the lower value of the saturation amplitude of perturbation of either the fast or the slow modes. These properties of the coupled system allow a physically-based selection of the rescaling time interval and the amplitude of initial perturbations in the "breeding" of unstable modes (Toth and Kalnay, 1993, 1996, 1997; Aurell et al., 1997; Boffetta et al., 1998) to isolate the desired mode. We perform tests in coupled models composed of fast and slow versions of the Lorenz (1963) model with different strengths of coupling. As examples we present first a coupled system which we denote "weather with convection", with a slow, large amplitude model coupled with a fast, small amplitude model, second an "ENSO" system with a "tropical atmosphere" strongly coupled with a "tropical ocean", and finally a triply coupled system denoted "tropical-extratropical" in which a fast model (representing the "extratropical atmosphere") is loosely coupled to the "ENSO" system. We find that it is always possible to isolate the fast modes by taking the limit of small amplitudes and short rescaling intervals, in which case, as expected, the results are the same as the local Lyapunov growth obtained with the linear tangent model. In contrast, slow modes cannot be isolated with either Lyapunov or Singular vectors, since the linear tangent and adjoint models are dominated by the fast modes. Breeding is successful in isolating slow modes if rescaling intervals and amplitudes are chosen from physically appropriate scales.
Processor support for decimal floating-point arithmetic (2007)

Decimal data permeates society, as humans most commonly use base-ten numbers. Although microprocessors normally use base-two binary arithmetic to obtain faster execution times and simpler circuitry, binary numbers cannot represent decimal fractions exactly. This leads to large errors being accumulated after several decimal operations. Furthermore, binary floating-point arithmetic operations perform binary rounding instead of decimal rounding. Consequently, applications, such as financial, commercial, tax, and Internet-based applications, which are sensitive to representation and rounding errors, often require decimal arithmetic. Due to the increasing importance of and demand for decimal arithmetic, its formats and operations have been specified in the IEEE Draft Standard for Floating-point Arithmetic (IEEE P754). 
Most decimal applications use software routines and binary arithmetic to emulate decimal operations. Although this approach eliminates errors due to converting between binary and decimal numbers and provides decimal rounding to mirror manual calculations, it results in long latencies for numerically intensive commercial applications. This is because software emulation of decimal floating-point (DFP) arithmetic has significant overhead due to function calls, dealing with decimal formats, operand alignment, decimal rounding, and special case and exception handling. 
This dissertation investigates processor support for decimal floating-point arithmetic. It first reviews recent progress in decimal arithmetic, including decimal encodings, the IEEE P754 Draft Standard, and software packages, hardware designs, and benchmark suites for decimal arithmetic. Next, this dissertation presents novel arithmetic algorithms and hardware designs for basic DFP operations, including DFP addition, subtraction, division, square root, and others. Most of the hardware designs presented in this dissertation are the first published designs compliant with the IEEE P754 Draft Standard. Finally, to study the performance impact of DFP instructions and hardware, this dissertation presents the first publicly available benchmark suite for DFP arithmetic. This benchmark suite, along with instruction set extensions and a decimal-enhanced processor simulator, are used to demonstrate that providing fast hardware support for DFP operations leads to significant performance benefits to DFP-intensive applications.
Hypercolumn model: A combination model of hierarchical self-organizing maps and neocognitron for image recognition (2000)

In this paper, a neural network model, the hypercolumn model (HCM), which is applicable to general image recognition, is proposed. The HCM is a combination model of hierarchical self-organizing maps (HSOM) and neocognitron (NC); it resolves the disadvantages of both the HSOM and the NC, and inherits all of the advantages of both models. The HSOM quantizes and nonlinearly maps an input space into a small dimensional feature map. Using this feature map, the HSOM can function as an unsupervised clustering method and can easily solve pattern recognition problems, which are hard for traditional linear methods or for multilayered perceptrons using the back-propagation learning method because of the complex shapes of the class boundaries. On the other hand, the NC is a multilayered network, in which layers to extract local features and layers to integrate shifted features alternate. Using this structure, the NC can reduce the dimensionality gradually and recognize shifted and scaled patterns. By combining the characteristics of the HSOM and the structure of the NC, the HCM can be made applicable to general image recognition problems which have high dimensional input data and in which the shapes of the class boundaries are quite complex because of the high abstraction level of the classification. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(2): 49–61, 2000
The ‘Swallow Tail’ Appearance of the Healthy Nigrosome – A New Accurate Test of Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control and Retrospective Cross-Sectional MRI Study at 3T (2014)

There is no well-established in vivo marker of nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). An ideal imaging marker would directly mirror the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones, which is most prominent in sub-regions called nigrosomes. High-resolution, iron-sensitive, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7T allows direct nigrosome-1 visualisation in healthy people but not in PD. Here, we investigated the feasibility of nigrosome-1 detection using 3T - susceptibility-weighted (SWI) MRI and the diagnostic accuracy that can be achieved for diagnosing PD in a clinical population. 114 high-resolution 3T - SWI-scans were reviewed consisting of a prospective case-control study in 19 subjects (10 PD, 9 controls) and a retrospective cross-sectional study in 95 consecutive patients undergoing routine clinical SWI-scans (>50 years, 9 PD, 81 non-PD, 5 non-diagnostic studies excluded). Two raters independently classified subjects into PD and non-PD according to absence or presence of nigrosome-1, followed by consensus reading. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed against clinical diagnosis as gold standard. Absolute inter- and intra-rater agreement was ≥94% (kappa≥0.82, p<0.001). In the prospective study 8/9 control and 8/10 PD; and in the retrospective study 77/81 non-PD and all 9 PD subjects were correctly classified. Diagnostic accuracy of the retrospective cohort was: sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%, NPV 1, PPV 0.69 and accuracy 96% which dropped to 91% when including non-diagnostic scans ('intent to diagnose'). The healthy nigrosome-1 can be readily depicted on high-resolution 3T - SWI giving rise to a 'swallow tail' appearance of the dorsolateral substantia nigra, and this feature is lost in PD. Visual radiological assessment yielded a high diagnostic accuracy for PD vs. an unselected clinical control population. Assessing the substantia nigra on SWI for the typical 'swallow tail' appearance has potential to become a new and easy applicable 3T MRI diagnostic tool for nigral degeneration in PD.
<i>DISC1</i> duplication in two brothers with autism and mild mental retardation (2009)

We describe the identification and delineation of an inherited 2.07 Mb microduplication in 1q42.2 in two brothers with autism and mild mental retardation. Since this duplication was not present in 1577 Belgian persons, we consider this as an extremely rare variant which has the potential to provide further insight into the genetics of autism. The duplication contains seven genes including the DISC1 gene, an interesting candidate gene that has been associated to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism and Asperger syndrome. In this report we describe additional analyses undertaken to investigate the causal relationship of the duplication to the autism phenotype. We conclude that the 1q42.2 microduplication probably confers susceptibility to autism in the current family. This study is a typical illustration of the difficult interpretation of causality of a very rare variant in neuropsychiatric disease and the challenge of genetic counselling in a particular family.
Reduction of Be diffusion in GaAs by migration-enhanced epitaxy (1989)

Be-doped GaAs layers were grown by the migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) method at 300 °C. The MEE layers showed practically no electrical activation. Rapid thermal annealing on the MEE layers resulted in mobility and hole concentration comparable to those of conventional molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) layers grown at 600 °C. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy showed that the Be diffusion in annealed MEE layers was much smaller than that in conventional MBE layers, especially for highly doped layers. Raman spectroscopy and 4 K photoluminescence were also performed. The MEE method can replace the conventional MBE method for device applications which require high hole concentration with small diffusion.
A model-free robust policy iteration algorithm for optimal control of nonlinear systems (2010)

An online model-free solution is developed for the infinite-horizon optimal control problem for continuous-time nonlinear systems. A novel actor-critic-identifier (ACI) structure is used to implement the Policy Iteration algorithm, wherein two neural network structures are used - a robust dynamic neural network (DNN) to asymptotically identify the uncertain system with additive disturbances, and a critic NN to approximate the value function. The weight update laws for the critic NN are generated using a gradient-descent method based on a modified temporal difference error, which is independent of the system dynamics. The optimal control law (or the actor) is computed using the critic NN and the identifier DNN. Uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. The actor, critic and identifier structures are implemented in real-time, continuously and simultaneously.
THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF RESERPINE (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF RESERPINER. B. Woodward, F. E. Bader, H. Bickel, A. J. Frey, and R. W. KiersteadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 9, 2023–2025Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01590a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01590a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5524Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ontology-based approaches for improving the interoperability between 3D urban models (2010)

3D geodata are more and more available as well as realtime visualization possibilities with free three-dimensional viewers such as Google Earth.This implies a growing demand of 3D city models, which are 3D representations at the scale of the city.Despite their intended wide range of applications, such models cannot be used for many urban tasks as they cannot represent the urban information associated with these tasks.On the contrary, ontologies have proven their capacity and usability in the representation of information and knowledge of various domains.Besides, interoperability is a crucial problem for urban information systems.Transferring information between different systems or models requires the ability to set up correspondences between concepts from one system to concepts in the other one.The use of ontologies can greatly facilitate this mechanism of concept matching.In this paper we will present, on the basis of case studies, how ontologies can overstep the semantic limitation of 3D city models and how ontology-based approaches can be used to interconnect urban models in order to improve their interoperability.
The Intracisternal A-Particle Proximal Enhancer-Binding Protein Activates Transcription and Is Identical to the RNA- and DNA-Binding Protein p54 <sup> <i>nrb</i> </sup> /NonO (1997)

The long terminal repeats of murine intracisternal A particles (IAPs) contain an IAP proximal enhancer (IPE) element that is inactive in murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and active in the parietal endoderm cell line PYS-2. The element binds efficiently to a 60-kDa IPE-binding protein (IPEB) present in PYS-2 cells but poorly to F9 proteins, suggesting a role for IPEB in regulating IAP expression. We have purified calf thymus IPEB, which binds to the IPE and transactivates a reporter gene in HeLa cell extracts. Based on the peptide sequence of the purified calf IPEB, we have cloned a 420-bp cDNA and showed that the encoded protein is the homolog of human p54nrb and mouse NonO, which are characterized by the presence of two RNA recognition motifs. We show that p54nrb is an IPE-binding transcription activator with its DNA-binding and activation domains in the N- and C-terminal halves, respectively. The activation domain of p54nrb is active in HeLa, PYS-2, and F9 cells, whereas p54nrb as a whole molecule is active in HeLa and PYS-2 cells but not in F9 cells. Thus, the lack of activity of p54nrb in F9 cells is due to an ineffective DNA-binding domain. We demonstrate that p54nrb also binds to a pre-mRNA. Based on the close sequence relatedness of this protein to PSF, which is required for pre-mRNA splicing in vitro, we discuss the possibility that p54nrb has dual roles in transcription and splicing.
Crystal structure of 4-diethylaminobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone monohydrate, C17H20N4O·H2O, C17H22N4O2 (2015)

Abstract C 17 H 22 N 4 O 2 , monoclinic, P 2 1 / c (no. 14), a = 14.382(1) Å, b = 11.3604(8) Å, c = 10.8996(7) Å, β = 105.73(1)°, V = 1714.1 Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0417, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.0819, T = 291 K.
Intron retention induced by microsatellite expansions as a disease biomarker (2018)

Expansions of simple sequence repeats, or microsatellites, have been linked to ∼30 neurological-neuromuscular diseases. While these expansions occur in coding and noncoding regions, microsatellite sequence and repeat length diversity is more prominent in introns with eight different trinucleotide to hexanucleotide repeats, causing hereditary diseases such as myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2), Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and <i>C9orf72</i> amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). Here, we test the hypothesis that these GC-rich intronic microsatellite expansions selectively trigger host intron retention (IR). Using DM2, FECD, and C9-ALS/FTD as examples, we demonstrate that retention is readily detectable in affected tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes and conclude that IR screening constitutes a rapid and inexpensive biomarker for intronic repeat expansion disease.
<title>Low-cost fiber optic interferometric microphones and hydrophones</title> (1994)

This paper reviews the development progress of fiber optic interferometric acoustic sensors at OPTIPHASE, INC. The primary development objective is to evolve fiber optic interferometric sensor technologies which are cost compatible in their respective application methods. This mandates that only low cost approaches be considered. The sensor technology chosen involves extrinsic Fabry Perot devices configured as low finesse sensors which are compatible with low-cost dual wavelength interferometric demodulation techniques (also developed by OPTIPHASE). This paper addresses both single element and multi-element sensor systems.
Online Political Activity in Canada: The Hype and the Facts (2014)

How do Canadians engage with the political content provided by governments, political parties and parliamentarians in Canada? Employing data from the 2014 Canadian Online Citizenship Survey, this article explores how Canadians use digital communications to become informed about, discuss and/or participate in politics. The results suggest that less than half of respondents use the Internet to engage in Canadian politics and while governments, politicians and parties have made extensive forays into cyberspace, politics is a minor online activity for Canadians.
The effect of vitamin B6 on the systolic blood pressure of rats in various animal models of hypertension (1996)

This is the first observation that animal models of hypertension can be classified on the basis of their response to a vitamin B6 supplement. On this basis, the etiology of hypertension in SHRs is quite distinct from that in Zucker obese rats and in rats ingesting sucrose.