gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: The prion concept in relation to assembled Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein (2015)

The pathological assembly of Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein is at the heart of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Extracellular deposits of Aβ and intraneuronal tau inclusions define Alzheimer's disease, whereas intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein make up the Lewy pathology of Parkinson's disease. Most cases of disease are sporadic, but some are inherited in a dominant manner. Mutations frequently occur in the genes encoding Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein. Overexpression of these mutant proteins can give rise to disease-associated phenotypes. Protein assembly begins in specific regions of the brain during the process of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, from where it spreads to other areas.
Syntheses and Properties of Cycloamidines Based on 4H-Imidazoles (2006)

Employing three different syntheses a broad spectrum of 4H-imidazoles 3a - 3s has been synthesized. In the course of the two-fold aminolysis reaction leading to derivatives 3q - 3s, deeply colored byproducts could be isolated and structural characterized.These novel donor-acceptor derivatives of type 7 consist of an 1H- and 4H-imidazole which are connected by a nitrogen bridge and rearrange via rapid 1,3-/1,5-hydride shifts. Using 1 H NMR experiments the aminolysis product 3p shows prototropic isomers which could be detected in equilibrium for the first time. Cyclovoltammetric measurements of a series of substituted 2-aryl derivatives 3d - 3i displayed two reversible single electron transfer steps with relatively small semiquinone formation constants between 10 2 and 4×10 3 . The 4H-imidazole 3d was successfully converted into boratetraaza-pentalene 8a, which showed two well separated reduction potentials. The value of semiquinone formation constant of 8a (1.8×10 15 ) is even higher than those reported for similar derivatives. 4H-imidazoles can also be employed for the efficient complexation of catalytically important metals as exemplified by copper complexes 11 and 12. Derivative 3m, which possesses an additional chelating pyridine substructure, formed a stable complex of structural composition Zn(3m)2 with diethyl zinc
Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fishbone‐like liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes, 3. Fishbone‐like, azo‐based liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxane (1996)

Abstract Homopolymeric H‐FP (FP: fishbone‐like, azo‐based liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes) and copolymeric C‐FP were synthesized by hydrosilylation reaction of a vinylterminated azo compound with a ladder‐like poly(hydrosilsesquioxane) (H‐T) and random poly(methylhydrosilsesquioxane) (MH‐T), respectively, in the presence of Cp 2 PtCl 2 (Cp: cyclopentadienyl) used as the catalyst. This new type of liquid crystalline polymers is thermotropic. With increasing temperature FP's first enter a mesophase showing a normal texture, and then some peculiar textures different from the ordinary mesophase appear at an elevated temperature showing some bright belts, lines and spots on the black background, which can be supposed to be a self‐organized structure originating from ladder‐like main chain aggregation or association via interaction between the mesomorphic side chains.
Sherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process Optimization (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSherwood Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Electrodialysis Systems, with Application to Process OptimizationM. S. Isaacson and Ain A. SoninCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1976, 15, 2, 313–321Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260058a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i260058a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1050Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Emerging roles of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in modulating glucocorticoid hormone action in health and disease (2009)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones naturally released when the body perceives stress and function to return homeostatic balance within various tissues. Synthetic GCs are widely prescribed therapeutics for the treatment of numerous inflammatory disorders and cancers. The effects of GCs are mediated by their binding and activation of the GC receptor (GR), a transcription factor that is subject to hormone-dependent and -independent phosphorylation on several serine and threonine residues. The GR is phosphorylated by kinases such as MAPKs, CDKs, and GSK-3beta, and these modifications modulate the transcriptional activity of the GR within cells. Here, we discuss the phosphorylation status of the GR as a mechanism to dictate how cells will ultimately respond to GCs. In doing so, we will review current knowledge about each phosphorylated residue within the GR and their contributions to modulating GC signaling in normal homeostatic physiology and during the progression of disease.
Therapeutic Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea (1984)

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder. Dysmenorrheic pain normally has an onset of from 2-12 hours before the start of menses and tapers over the next one to two days. Although the exact etiology is unknown, this condition is associated with an increase in prostaglandin F2 alpha. In the past, nonspecific treatments such as heat and exercise were tried, with poor results. Little relief was offered by antispasmodics or low-dose aspirin. Currently, effective therapy for primary dysmenorrhea includes oral contraceptives and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Oral contraceptives should be prescribed only for women who desire contraception and who are candidates for this type of therapy. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors can be given to women who do not desire oral contraceptives or those who do not respond to hormonal therapy. Secondary dysmenorrhea should be suspected in women who do not respond to either treatment modality.
Surface modification of nano-TiN by using silane coupling agent (2014)

Abstract Titanium nitride (TiN) nano-particles were subjected to graft modification by silane coupling agent (KH-570) via a direct blending method. The hydroxyl groups on the surface of TiN nano-particles can interact with silanol groups [-Si-OCH3] of KH-570 forming an organic coating layer. The covalent bonds (Ti-O-Si) formation was testified by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through transmission electron micrograph (TEM) observations, it was found that KH-570 could improve the dispersibility of nano-TiN particles in ethyl acetate. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle measurements indicated that KH-570 molecules were adsorbed or anchored on the surface of nano-TiN particle and the net efficiency of it was 22.76 %, which facilitated to hinder the aggregation of nano-TiN particles.
High bandwidth surface-illuminated InGaAs/InP uni-travelling-carrier photodetector (2013)

Uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) with ultrafast response and high saturation output are reported. A gradient doping layer and a narrow InP cliff layer were introduced to enhance the saturation and bandwidth characteristics. We measured the dark current, photo response, bandwidth, and saturation current of the fabricated UTC devices. For a 15-μm-diameter device, the dark current was 3.5 nA at a reverse bias of 1 V, and the 3-dB bandwidth was 17.2 GHz at a reverse bias of 5 V, which are comparable to the theoretically values. The maximum responsivity at 1.55 μm was 0.32 A/W. The saturation output current was over 19.0 mA without bias.
ATIM-26. A PHASE 1 STUDY OF Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + VELEDIMEX IN ADULT RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor affecting ~74,000 people worldwide annually. Recurrent GBM patients have a median overall survival (mOS) of 6–7 months. OS in patients who have failed temozolomide, bevacizumab or equivalent salvage chemotherapy, is ~3–5 months. New therapies are urgently needed. Ad-RTS-hIL-12 is a novel gene therapy expressing IL-12 under the control of an oral activator ligand, veledimex, via the RheoSwitch Therapeutic System® gene switch. Intratumoral administration of Ad-RTS-hIL-12 results in targeted tumor cytotoxicity and induction of systemic T cell memory. Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + veledimex is a treatment strategy to extend the IL-12 therapeutic window. In a multicenter, Phase I dose escalation trial and expansion cohort of subjects with recurrent or progressive Grade III or IV glioma undergoing resection, Ad-RTS-hIL-12 + veledimex was well tolerated; toxicities were predictable and reversible upon discontinuing veledimex with a correlation between veledimex dose, BBB penetration and drug related AEs to assigned dose level. The most common adverse reactions were related to cytokine exposure in the form of fever, decrease in peripheral lymphocytes and platelets, and elevation of liver transaminases. Emerging biomarker data appear to show that serum CD8+/FOXP3 ratio might represents a putative predictor of response. Subjects treated with 20mg of veledimex had a mOS of 12.5 months and when given ≤10mg of dexamethasone during the first 15 days of treatment, overall survival was improved, possibly suggesting a negative effect of steroids on immunostimulation. The tolerability and encouraging survival observed to date warrant additional clinical studies of this controlled immunogene therapy.
Estimation of angles-of-arrival for wideband sources (2005)

High resolution direction of arrival estimation for multiple wideband sources is discussed in this paper. The proposed method involves two steps. Preliminary estimates of the angles are obtained via an eigendecomposition method such as MUSIC for several non-overlapping bands of frequency. A "focussing" operation is then presented that uses information from all the sub-bands to obtain high resolution estimates of the angles in regions of interest. An example is provided to illustrate the method.
Norm variance of minimax interpolation (1992)

Minimax-optimal interpolation algorithms minimize the error resulting from the worst signal from an allowable class. The result is presented that if this class lies in a Hilbert space, the minimax-optimal algorithm is independent of or invariant to the error norm. The result encompasses a broad class of inverse problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tanespimycin: the opportunities and challenges of targeting heat shock protein 90 (2009)

Further development of HSP90-targeted strategies include testing of novel chemical structures having better solubility and stability and the potential for oral administration. Targeting of HSP90 in combination with other heat shock proteins, such as HSP70 or HSP27, may be an alternative strategy that warrants further exploration.
Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA for Chalcone Synthase from Cultured Cells of the Strawberry Fragaria ananassa, cv Shikinari. (1997)

CHS (chalcone synthase, EC 2.3.1.74) is the first step enzyme involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic
Spatio-temporal memory streaming (2009)

Recent research advocates memory streaming techniques to alleviate the performance bottleneck caused by the high latencies of off-chip memory accesses. Temporal memory streaming replays previously observed miss sequences to eliminate long chains of dependent misses. Spatial memory streaming predicts repetitive data layout patterns within fixed-size memory regions. Because each technique targets a different subset of misses, their effectiveness varies across workloads and each leaves a significant fraction of misses unpredicted. In this paper, we propose Spatio-Temporal Memory Streaming (STeMS) to exploit the synergy between spatial and temporal streaming. We observe that the order of spatial accesses repeats both within and across regions. STeMS records and replays the temporal sequence of region accesses and uses spatial relationships within each region to dynamically reconstruct a predicted total miss order. Using trace-driven and cycle-accurate simulation across a suite of commercial workloads, we demonstrate that with similar implementation complexity as temporal streaming, STeMS achieves equal or higher coverage than spatial or temporal memory streaming alone, and improves performance by 31%, 3%, and 18% over stride, spatial, and temporal prediction, respectively.
Bromomaltol: structure and conversion to novel pyridone and pyridine derivatives (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromomaltol: structure and conversion to novel pyridone and pyridine derivativesJames H. Looker, Robert J. Prokop, William E. Serbousek, and Michael D. ClifftonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 19, 3408–3410Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01333a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01333a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-frequency Intensity Noise Reduction for Fiber-Optic Sensor Applications (2005)

Fiber sensors have recently taken advantage of the 1.3µm diode-pumped laser technology, which offers high output power in a single frequency and orders of magnitude improvement in frequency stability over semiconductor devices [1]. The small frequency jitter [2] of Nd:YAG lasers enables one to attain submicron phase noise in interferometric sensors with as much as 10 meters of optical path difference. Because non-linear fiber sensors, such as magnetic fiber sensors, which make use of a carrier to upconvert low-frequency signals to be detected, are often limited by intensity noise upconverted around the carrier [3], we have measured the intensity stability of those devices . The intensity noise in fiber sensors originates from both the laser instabilities and the drifts in the fiber launch.
Assessment of Bias Associated with Incomplete Extraction of Microbial DNA from Soil (2009)

DNA extraction bias is a frequently cited but poorly understood limitation of molecular characterizations of environmental microbial communities. To assess the bias of a commonly used soil DNA extraction kit, we varied the cell lysis protocol and conducted multiple extractions on subsamples of clay, sand, and organic soils. DNA, as well as bacterial and fungal ribosomal gene copies as measured by quantitative PCR, continued to be isolated in successive extractions. When terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was used, a significant shift in community composition due to extraction bias was detected for bacteria but not for fungi. Pyrosequencing indicated that the relative abundances of sequences from rarely cultivated groups such as Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonades, and Verrucomicrobia were higher in the first extraction than in the sixth but that the reverse was true for Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. This suggests that the well-known phylum-level bacterial cultivation bias may be partially exaggerated by DNA extraction bias. We conclude that bias can be adequately reduced in many situations by pooling three successive extractions, and additional measures should be considered when divergent soil types are compared or when comprehensive community analysis is necessary.
Structural analysis of Ti1−xSixNy nanocomposite films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (1999)

In this paper, we report on the preparation of thin films resulting from additions of Si to TiN matrix, by r.f. reactive magnetron sputtering. Results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in both θ–2θ and α–2θ scans showed that a mixture of two phases is present, where the first is most likely fcc TiN. The higher lattice parameter of this phase, about 0.429 nm (0.424 nm for bulk TiN), could be explained by taking into account that a correction of the residual stress effect on peak positions might slightly decrease the value of the lattice parameter (around 1%). Regarding phase 2, and although the exact nature of its composition is more difficult to evaluate, we believe that it is also a cubic lattice consisting of TiSiN, where the Si could be occupying Ti positions within the TiN lattice. This would explain the low value of the lattice parameter, which by assuming a cubic structure would be 0.418 nm. Concerning texture evolution, phase 1 revealed some variations in preferential growth, which changed from 〈111〉 for low Si additions to 〈220〉 at intermediate Si additions and finally to a weak 〈200〉 texture for large Si additions. A small amorphous region of silicon nitride for large Si additions was also observed. Fourier analysis of XRD patterns showed a decrease in the size of grains for small Si additions when compared to that of TiN. For higher Si contents, only small changes were observed, although a decrease in grain size seems to be the main tendency. The grains are within the range of 4–6 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) on Ti0.63Si0.37N1.12 confirmed this nanocrystalline nature of the grains, revealing grains with sizes of about 2–3 nm.
Radiation tolerance of double layer field oxides (1992)

A radiation-hard field oxide has been fabricated for integrated circuits, eliminating the radiation-induced field inversion observed with pyrogenic field oxides. The radiation-hardened oxide was fabricated in conventional silicon integrated circuit process techniques and does not degrade under subsequent thermal stresses (up to 1000 degrees C). The field oxide is built up of a double layer consisting of a thick, chemically deposited and doped SiO/sub 2/ layer on top of a thin, thermally grown SiO/sub 2/ film. The influence of the dopants of the CVD (chemical vapor deposited') oxide as well as the annealing temperature on the radiation hardness of the field oxide is examined in order to find optimized process parameters. Compared to thermal oxides, a 2.5-order-of-magnitude improvement in radiation tolerance is observed with regard to the threshold voltage shift. The double layer field oxide can replace the thermal oxide in VLSI bipolar and MOS technologies. The elimination of guard bands, closed cell design, and gated insulator structures in MOS circuits is rendered possible. Significant improvement in speed and circuit density can be achieved by eliminating additional stray capacitance and space for guard structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A general rapid transit simulation model with both automatic and manual train control (1992)

This paper summarizes the design and application of a genend diserete-event simulation model of a rapid transit system. The model incorporates features of both 3-aspect, manual control and automatic train control.
275 C Downhole Switched-Mode Power Supply (2008)

A vee-square (V2) control based controller IC is developed for a switch mode power supply capable of operating at extreme temperature/harsh environment conditions. A buck type regulator with silicon carbide power junction field effect transistors (JFET) as power devices is used to analyze the performance of controller. Special emphases are made on the analog sub-blocks--voltage reference, operational transconductance amplifier and comparator as individual building blocks. Transformer coupled gate drives and high temperature operable magnetic cores and capacitors are identified and tested for use in the design. Conventional ceramic chip packaging of ICs combined with lead carrier type mounting of passive filter components is introduced for hybrid packaging of the complete product. The developed SMPS is anticipated to support the operation of down-hole microcontrollers and other electronics devices that require low/medium power filtered dc inputs over an operating temperature of 275 C.
Directly diode-laser-pumped Ti:sapphire laser (2009)

A directly diode-laser-pumped Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser is demonstrated. Using a 1 W, 452 nm GaN diode laser, 19 mW of cw output power is achieved in a potentially portable format. Pumping at this short wavelength induces a loss at the laser wavelength that is not seen for the more typical green pump wavelengths. This effect is characterized and discussed.
Beyond Tracking: Selecting Memory and Refining Poses for Deep Visual Odometry (2019)

Most previous learning-based visual odometry (VO) methods take VO as a pure tracking problem. In contrast, we present a VO framework by incorporating two additional components called Memory and Refining. The Memory component preserves global information by employing an adaptive and efficient selection strategy. The Refining component ameliorates previous results with the contexts stored in the Memory by adopting a spatial-temporal attention mechanism for feature distilling. Experiments on the KITTI and TUM-RGBD benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art learning-based methods by a large margin and produces competitive results against classic monocular VO approaches. Especially, our model achieves outstanding performance in challenging scenarios such as texture-less regions and abrupt motions, where classic VO algorithms tend to fail.
Assessing software review meetings (1997)

Software review is a fundamental component of the software quality assurance process, yet significant controversies exist concerning efficiency and effectiveness of various review methods. A central question surrounds the use of meetings: traditional review practice views them as essential, while more recent findings question their utility.