gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a lipopolysaccharide α‐2,3‐sialyltransferase from <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (2001)

We have identified a gene for the addition of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in an alpha-2,3-linkage to a lactosyl acceptor moiety of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae. The gene is one that was identified previously as a phase-variable gene known as lic3A. Extracts of H. influenzae, as well as recombinant Escherichia coli strains producing Lic3A, demonstrate sialyltransferase activity in assays using synthetic fluorescent acceptors with a terminal galactosyl, lactosyl or N-acetyl-lactosaminyl moiety. In the RM118 strain of H. influenzae, Lic3A activity is modulated by the action of another phase-variable glycosyltransferase, LgtC, which competes for the same lactosyl acceptor moiety. Structural analysis of LPS from a RM118:lgtC mutant and the non-typeable strain 486 using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that the major sialylated species has a sialyl-alpha-(2-3)-lactosyl extension off the distal heptose. This sialylated glycoform was absent in strains containing a lic3A gene disruption. Low amounts of sialylated higher molecular mass glycoforms were present in RM118:lgtC lic3A, indicating the presence of a second sialyltransferase. Lic3A mutants of H. influenzae strains show reduced resistance to the killing effects of normal human serum. Lic3A, encoding an alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity, is the first reported phase-variable sialyltransferase gene.
Effect of Physostigmine on Constructional and Memory Tasks in Alzheimer's Disease (1979)

We performed a double-blind study of the effect of physostigmine vs saline on the performance of memory and constructional tasks in a patient with probable Alzheimer's disease. On the days of physostigmine administration, a remarkable improvement in copying figures was observed. However, physostigmine administration had only a limited effect on memory performance. The results are interpreted in the context of recent biochemical studies of the brain in Alzheimer's disease, which suggest selective loss in the central cholinergic system.
An Automatic System for the Analysis and Classification of Human Atrial Fibrillation Patterns from Intracardiac Electrograms (2008)

This paper presents an automatic system for the analysis and classification of atrial fibrillation (AF) patterns from bipolar intracardiac signals. The system is made up of: 1) a feature-extraction module that defines and extracts a set of measures potentially useful for characterizing AF types on the basis of their degree of organization; 2) a feature-selection module (based on the Jeffries-Matusita distance and a branch and bound search algorithm) identifying the best subset of features for discriminating different AF types; and 3) a support vector machine technique-based classification module that automatically discriminates the AF types according to the Wells' criteria. The automatic system was applied on 100 intracardiac AF signal strips and on a selection of 11 representative features, demonstrating: a) the possibility to properly identify the most significant features for the discrimination of AF types; b) higher accuracy (97.7% using the seven most informative features) than the traditional maximum likelihood classifier; and c) effectiveness in AF classification also with few training samples (accuracy = 88.3% with only five training signals). Finally, the system identifies a combination of indices characterizing changes of morphology of atrial activation waves and perturbation of the isoelectric line as the most effective in separating the AF types.
Association of transforming growth factor beta-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with radiation-induced damage to normal tissues in breast cancer patients (2003)

Purpose : To investigate whether transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF β1) single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer patients to severe radiationinduced normal tissue damage. Materials and methods : PCR-RFLP assays were performed for TGF β1 gene polymorphisms on DNA obtained from 103 breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy. The G −800A, C −509T, T+869C and G+915C polymorphic sites were examined, and genotype and allele frequencies of two subgroups of patients were calculated and compared. Results : The less prevalent −509T and +869C alleles were significantly associated with a subgroup of patients who developed severe radiation-induced normal tissue fibrosis (n =15) when compared with those who did not (n =88) (odds ratio=3.4, p =0.0036, and 2.37, p =0.035, respectively). Furthermore, patients with the −509TT or +869CC genotypes were between seven and 15 times more likely to develop severe fibrosis. Conclusions : These findings imply a role for the −509T and +869C alleles in the pathobiological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to radiation-induced fibrosis. Their predictive value would be limited to patients who are −509TT or +869CC, but if 'fibrosis-associated' polymorphic sites in other genes could be identified, it may be possible to detect fibrosis prone individuals before radiotherapy with greater certainty.
Activation of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by targeting MHC class II epitopes to endosomal compartments using human CD1 tail sequences (2007)

Distinct CD4(+) T-cell epitopes within the same protein can be optimally processed and loaded into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in disparate endosomal compartments. The CD1 protein isoforms traffic to these same endosomal compartments as directed by unique cytoplasmic tail sequences, therefore we reasoned that antigen/CD1 chimeras containing the different CD1 cytoplasmic tail sequences could optimally target antigens to the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway. Evaluation of trafficking patterns revealed that all four human CD1-derived targeting sequences delivered antigen to the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway, to early/recycling, early/sorting and late endosomes/lysosomes. There was a preferential requirement for different CD1 targeting sequences for the optimal presentation of an MHC class II epitope in the following hierarchy: CD1b > CD1d = CD1c > > > CD1a or untargeted antigen. Therefore, the substitution of the CD1 ectodomain with heterologous proteins results in their traffic to distinct intracellular locations that intersect with MHC class II and this differential distribution leads to specific functional outcomes with respect to MHC class II antigen presentation. These findings may have implications in designing DNA vaccines, providing a greater variety of tools to generate T-cell responses against microbial pathogens or tumours.
Surface coding based on Morse theory (1991)

Coding system requirements are briefly discussed. Classical Morse theory, which was primarily motivated by the calculus of variations, is reviewed. The limits of the theory are examined, and an extension that enables 3-D surfaces to be accurately reconstructed from cross sections is presented. The resulting coding works interactively with a range of surface reconstruction systems. The prototype coding system is applied to representing the hierarchical structure of contours.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
pgmcc (2000)

We present a single rate multicast congestion control scheme (pgmcc) which is TCP-friendly and achieves scalability, stability and fast response to variations in network conditions. pgmcc is suitable for both non-reliable and reliable data transfers; it uses a window-based TCP-like controller based on positive ACKs and run between the sender and a group's representative, the acker . The innovative part of pgmcc is a fast and low-overhead procedure to select (and track changes of) the acker, which permits us to consider the acker as a moving receiver rather than a changing one. As such, the scheme is robust to measurement errors, and supports fast response to changes in the receiver set and/or network conditions. The scheme has been implemented in the PGM protocol, and the paper presents a number of experimental results on its performance.
Cellular Lipid Droplets and Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle (2010)

Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular lipid storage organelles involved not only in lipid homeostasis but also in a variety of diseases. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects host lipid metabolism, and thus induces LD accumulation in the liver. Recent studies have suggested that cellular LDs also play a crucial role in the HCV life cycle. Interactions between HCV proteins, especially the core protein, and LDs are required for the morphogenesis of infectious HCV. The present minireview will summarize the recent research progress about this unique relationship between LDs and the HCV life cycle.
Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex (1998)

Our findings suggest that DM can exert a significant suppression of the excitatory drive in the normal human cortex, which may be relevant for its potential therapeutic use in excitotoxicity-related neurologic disease. Furthermore, the noninvasive technique described may prove useful in preclinical studies to assess the effects on motor cortical excitability induced by new modulators of glutamatergic transmission currently under development.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporin for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs (2006)

The efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis was evaluated based on the systematic review of prospective clinical trials published between 2001 and 2005. Ten studies with adequate design characteristics were included. These studies enrolled 799 dogs, 672 (84%) treated with CsA, 160 (20%) with placebo, 74 (9%) with oral glucocorticoids and 23 (3%) with antihistamines. Treatment duration varied from 2 weeks to 6 months. For safety analysis, data were available from 660 dogs. Lesion scores were improved from baseline in the range of 30-52%, 53-84% and 52-69% after 4, 6 and 16 weeks, respectively. The percentage of dogs with only mild pruritus rose from 0-13% at inclusion to 32-59% and 46-90% after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. In most studies, the frequency of CsA administration could be reduced to every other day in 40% to 50% of patients after 4 weeks and to twice weekly in 20-26% of the dogs after 12-16 weeks. Meta-analysis confirmed highly significant effects of CsA compared to placebo, but none between oral CsA and glucocorticoids. The initial disease severity, age or body weight of subjects did not influence treatment success. Improvement by more than 50% over baseline of lesion scores was predictive of a better response during treatment maintenance. Vomiting and soft stools/diarrhoea were the most frequent adverse events seen at least once during the studies. These occurred in 25% and 15% of subjects, respectively. The frequency of each other type of adverse events was lower than 2.1%. In summary, the administration of CsA for the treatment of canine AD was found to be as effective as that of glucocorticoids, and adverse effects were minimal.
Low-Magnetic-Field Control of Electric Polarization Vector in a Helimagnet (2008)

The mutual control of the electric and magnetic properties of a solid is currently of great interest because of the possible application for novel electronic devices. We report on the low-magnetic-field (for example, B values of +/-30 milliteslas) control of the polarization (P) vector in a hexaferrite, Ba2Mg2Fe12O22, which shows the helimagnetic spin structure with the propagation vector k0 parallel to [001]. The B-induced transverse conical spin structure carries the P vector directing perpendicular to both B and k0, in accord with the recently proposed spin-current model. Then, the oscillating or multidirectionally rotating B produces the cyclic displacement current via the flexible handling of the magnetic cone axis.
Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Ring-Fused Fullerene Multicarboxylates by Photoreaction (1998)

Aminopolycarboxylic esters react with C60 under photolysis to produce fullerene multicarboxylates. Irradiation of tetramethyl ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) with C60 yields the EDTA-containing fullerene monoadduct C60(MeOOCCH)2NCH2CH2N(CH2COOMe)2. In addition, several other C60 monoadducts are also isolated and characterized, including compounds due to EDTA fragmentation. Similar results are observed with pentamethyldimethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA). When partially methylated nitrilotriacetic acid is irradiated with C60, decarboxylation occurs and organodihydrofullerene derivatives such as C60(H)(CH2N(CH2COOMe)2) are formed. Radical mechanisms are proposed for both types of photoreactions. The fullerene derivatives are characterized by their spectroscopic data. Photoreactions of C60 with other analogous molecules also support the conclusions.
Genetic and biochemical dissection of transgenic RNA-mediated virus resistance. (1996)

RNA-mediated virus resistance has been observed in transgenic plants at varying frequencies, suggesting that a nuclear requirement or other pre-condition must be met. This study was undertaken to characterize genetically transgenes that confer a highly resistant state to infection by tobacco etch virus (TEV). Transgenic tobacco line 2RC-6.13, expressing an untranslatable mRNA containing the TEV coat protein open reading frame, had three distinct transgene integration events that segregated as two linkage groups. A genetic series of plants that contained zero, one, two, or all three transgene inserts in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions was produced and examined. Genetic and biochemical data suggested that RNA-mediated virus resistance is a multigenic trait in line 2RC-6.13; three or more transgenes were necessary to establish the highly resistant state. One or two transgene copies resulted in an inducible form of resistance (i.e., recovery). Transcription rates and steady state RNA levels of the transgene-derived transcript present in different members of the genetic series supported a post-transcriptional RNA degradation process as the underlying mechanism for transgene transcript reduction and virus resistance. This degradation process appeared to initiate via cleavage of specific sites within the target RNA sequence, as determined by RNA get blot and primer extension analyses of transgene-derived mRNA from various transgenic plant lines.
Increased serum levels of IgA1-IgG immune complexes and anti-F(ab')2 antibodies in patients with primary IgA nephropathy. (1989)

A solid-phase ELISA was used to detect IgA1 immune complexes (IgA1 ICs) containing IgG and IgM in 38 serum samples from 30 patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and 14 subjects with non-IgA chronic glomerulonephritis. A jackfruit lectin, jacalin, was used as the substrate for the selective binding of human IgA1 ICs in serum PEG precipitate (7%). The presence of IgG, A and M antibodies against the F(ab')2 region of IgG was also investigated by the solid-phase ELISA. Six patients were studied during remission and relapse (fever, upper respiratory tract infection and macroheamaturia). The results showed significant increases in serum levels of IgA1 ICs (P less than 0.001) in 39.4% of the IgAN patients, IgA1-IgG ICs (P less than 0.001) in 68.4%, and IgA1-IgM ICs (P less than 0.002) in 10.5% of the patients. A significant increase in IgA1-IgG ICs was observed during relapse (P less than 0.02). Significantly high values of IgG (P less than 0.003) and IgA (P less than 0.001) antibodies directed at the F(ab')2 region of IgG were found. A significant increase in anti F(ab')2 antibodies (class IgA and IgM) was seen in the acute phase of the disease. The data suggest that an increased production of IgA1 ICs occurs in IgAN patients; ICs are mainly IgA1-IgG ICs during relapse. The presence of high serum levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against the F(ab')2 region of IgG indicates that in addition to the multiple anomalies of IgA regulation described in IgAN patients there may be further aberrances.
Bicarbonate-sensitive liquid membrane electrodes based on neutral carriers for hydrogen ions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicarbonate-sensitive liquid membrane electrodes based on neutral carriers for hydrogen ionsRobert J. J. Funck, Werner E. Morf, Peter. Schulthess, Daniel. Ammann, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 3, 423–429Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00240a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00240a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature and cosurfactant effects on lidocaine release from submicron oil in water emulsions. (1988)

The importance of interfacial interactions affecting drug release from O/W submicron emulsions has been demonstrated. In this study, the effect of temperature (25-40 ° C) and cosurfactant concentration on the release of lidocaine from 30% sesame oil in water submicron emulsions is evaluated. All emulsions contained three percent of a nonionic surfactant (HLB = 10) and were prepared using the Microfluidizer® device. The cosurfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was added in concentrations ranging from zero to one percent and was used to manipulate the O/W interfacial adsorption of lidocaine. Increased interfacial adsorption of lidocaine is reflected by greater L values and correspondingly lower drug release rates in vitro as measured by free drug release across a semipermeable membrane. Increasing the SLS concentration does increase L and decrease the drug release rate. A linear estimation is developed to quantify this phenomena. The thermal effects are biphasic, exhibiting a peak L value(minimum release rate) at 30 °C. Relevant mechanisms involving temperature dependent hydrogen bonding and mobility changes are proposed to explain these observations.
Object-based layer-structure very low bit rate video coding (2002)

This paper presents an object-based layer-structure very low bit rate video coding system. This system is different from the conventional object-based video coding algorithms in three aspects. First, it uses the elastic stretching technique to do the object-based predictive coding. Second, to reduce the coding cost of the contours, it applies contour matching and contour displacement to predict the contour in the next frame. Third, it uses the arbitrary shape transform (AST) coding to reduce the coding bit rate for the prediction error in the arbitrarily-shaped regions.
934. Organic peroxides. Part IX. A stereochemical study of the formation of alkyl hydroperoxides from hydrogen peroxide (1958)

A. G. Davies and R. Feld, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 4637 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580004637
Effect of apatinib on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 (2017)

Objective
To investigate the effect of apatinib on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 in vitro.


Methods
Pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells were treated by apatinib in different concentrations. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, and the effect of apatinib on cell migration ability was observed by wound healing assay.


Results
In control and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50umol/L apatinib treatment group, the inhibitory rates of AsPC-1 cells were 0, (1.45±0.68)%, (16.92±0.70)%, (23.84±0.84)%, (34.35±1.55)% and (37.33±0.81)%, respectively. Cell proliferation was obviously inhibited by apatinib as the concentration increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In control and 20, 40 umol/L apatinib treatment group, the apoptotic rates were (9.44±0.18)%, (16.62±0.19)% and (25.42±0.41)%, respectively. Number of apoptotic cells was obviously increased by apatinib as the concentration increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In control and 20, 40 umol/L apatinib treatment group, the migration ability was (29.5±0.7)% , (17.4±0.9)% and (6.6±0.5)%, which was greatly decreased as the concentration increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).


Conclusions
Apatinib can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells and induce apoptosis.


Key words: 
Apatinib; Pancreatic neoplasms; Cell proliferation; Cell movement; Apoptosis
A totally synthetic bilayer membrane (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA totally synthetic bilayer membraneToyoki Kunitake and Yoshio OkahataCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 11, 3860–3861Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00453a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00453a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2108Altmetric-Citations509LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts