gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Nanorods as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2009)

nanorods are fabricated after calcination of the hydrated lithium titanate precursor, which is prepared from hydrothermal treatment of titanate nanorods in aqueous LiOH based on titanate nanorod reactivity. The morphology, composition, and phase transformation of the calcined samples at different temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Titanate nanorods as starting materials exhibit higher chemical reactivity, regarded as a structure template for retaining the one-dimensional structure of final products after calcination. The formation of nanorods is related to ion-exchange reaction and Ostwald ripening process due to high chemical reactivity of titanate nanorods. The galvanostatic charge/discharge tests were conducted to measure the electrochemical performance of the nanorods. It is demonstrated that the nanorods calcined at have excellent high rate discharge capability and good cycle stability during insertion and extraction processes, owing to the good crystallinity, unique structure, and the short diffusion distances originated from one-dimensional morphology.
Receptor‐operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry mediated by TRPC3/TRPC6 proteins in rat prostate smooth muscle (PS1) cell line (2005)

Prostate smooth muscle cells predominantly express alpha1-adrenoceptors (alpha1-AR). alpha1-AR antagonists induce prostate smooth muscle relaxation and therefore they are useful therapeutic compounds for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. However, the Ca(2+) entry pathways associated with the activation of alpha1-AR in the prostate have yet to be elucidated. In many cell types, mammalian homologues of transient receptor potential (TRP) genes, first identified in Drosophila, encode TRPC (canonical TRP) proteins. They function as receptor-operated channels (ROCs) which are involved in various physiological processes such as contraction, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. To date, the expression and function of TRPC channels have not been studied in prostate smooth muscle. In fura-2 loaded PS1 (a prostate smooth muscle cell line) which express endogenous alpha1A-ARs, alpha-agonists epinephrine (EPI), and phenylephrine (PHE) induced Ca(2+) influx which depended on the extracellular Ca(2+) and PLC activation but was independent of PKC activation. Thus, we have tested two membrane-permeable analogues of diacylglycerol (DAG), oleoyl-acyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG). They initiated Ca(2+) influx whose properties were similar to those induced by the alpha-agonists. Sensitivity to 2-aminoethyl diphenylborate (2-APB), SKF-96365 and flufenamate implies that Ca(2+)-permeable channels mediated both alpha-agonist- and OAG-evoked Ca(2+) influx. Following the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) store depletion by thapsigargin (Tg), a SERCA inhibitor, OAG and PHE were both still able to activate Ca(2+) influx. However, OAG failed to enhance Ca(2+) influx when added in the presence of an alpha-agonist. RT-PCR and Western blotting performed on PS1 cells revealed the presence of mRNAs and the corresponding TRPC3 and TRPC6 proteins. Experiments using an antisense strategy showed that both alpha-agonist- and OAG-induced Ca(2+) influx required TRPC3 and TRPC6, whereas the Tg-activated ("capacitative") Ca(2+) entry involved only TRPC3 encoded protein. It may be thus concluded that PS1 cells express TRPC3 and TRPC6 proteins which function as receptor- and store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathways.
Water for the San Diego Region: Past, Present and Future (1990)

Ever since the earliest days of permanent settlement in the arid San Diego region, securing reliable water supplies has been an issue of critical importance. The San Diego region's water needs are expected to continue to grow requiring an additional 200,000 AF of water by 2010. The San Diego County Water Authority is in the midst of a comprehensive water resources planning effort which will determine the directions the agency will go to meet future demands and develop policies and implementation programs to implement the agency's plans.
D-dimer testing in suspected venous thromboembolism: an update (1997)

Fibrin is the main thrombus component. Its production being definitely lower in in-patients than in outpatients. is followed by activation of the fibrinolytic system, resulting in plasmin generation and subsequent fibrin lysis (Figure 1). Dissolution of crosslinked fibrin leads to formation of specific degradation products, includMethods for measuring DD in blood ing D-dimer (DD),1 which can be easily detected and The advantages and disadvantages of the various measured in both whole blood and plasma using methods that measure DD in blood are displayed in monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes Table 1. For clinical use in emergency situations, located in the DD fragment. In the past decade, DD rapid tests are mandatory. Among them, a whole testing has been established as a useful aid in the blood latex test (Simplired, Agen) that gives a diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE).2 The present review updates experience on the use of DD testing for diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs and pulmonary embolism (PE). Briefly, DD was found in the late 1980s and early 1990s to be highly sensitive (but non-specific) to the presence of VTE where clinically suspected in outpatients. In this population, the negative predictive value of a plasma DD concentration below a certain cutoff (usually about 500 mg/l) was more than 95%, thereby allowing one to rule out the disease in a substantial proportion (about one third) of patients. However, the diagnostic performances were strongly Figure 1. Generation of D-dimer (DD) fragments. Activation of blood coagulation leads to thrombin generadependent upon the assay used, latex tests being tion. Thrombin binds to the fibrinogen central domain definitely less sensitive than the more cumbersome and liberates fibrinopeptides A and B, resulting in fibrin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), which monomers and polymer formation. The fibrin network is in turn were not suited for emergency use.2 Moreover, subsequently stabilized (‘cross-linked’) under the effect of this heterogeneity of tests raised uncertainty among activated coagulation factor XIII. Plasmin induces lysis of clinicians, who called for rigorous evaluation and cross-linked (X-linked) fibrin, resulting in formation of standardization of the various assays.3 Lastly, the various X-linked fibrin degradation products (FDPs) includutility of the measurement was dependent on the ing D-dimer (DD) and fragments containing the DD epitope. population to which it was applied, the specificity
Effects of ethanol intoxication on speech suprasegmentals (2001)

The effects of ingesting ethanol have been shown to be somewhat variable in humans. To date, there appear to be but few universals. Yet, the question often arises: is it possible to determine if a person is intoxicated by observing them in some manner? A closely related question is: can speech be used for this purpose and, if so, can the degree of intoxication be determined? One of the many issues associated with these questions involves the relationships between a person's paralinguistic characteristics and the presence and level of inebriation. To this end, young, healthy speakers of both sexes were carefully selected and sorted into roughly equal groups of light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. They were asked to produce four types of utterances during a learning phase, when sober and at four strictly controlled levels of intoxication (three ascending and one descending). The primary motor speech measures employed were speaking fundamental frequency, speech intensity, speaking rate and nonfluencies. Several statistically significant changes were found for increasing intoxication; the primary ones included rises in F0, in task duration and for nonfluencies. Minor gender differences were found but they lacked statistical significance. So did the small differences among the drinking category subgroups and the subject groupings related to levels of perceived intoxication. Finally, although it may be concluded that certain changes in speech suprasegmentals will occur as a function of increasing intoxication, these patterns cannot be viewed as universal since a few subjects (about 20%) exhibited no (or negative) changes.
A Deterministic Digital Background Calibration Technique for VCO-Based ADCs (2014)

This paper presents a digital background calibration technique to realize a linear voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) based ADC. The distortion caused due to the VCO's nonlinear tuning characteristics is eliminated by introducing an inverse voltage-to-frequency transfer function in the signal path. The proposed calibration unit runs in the background and detects the inverse transfer function using a highly digital frequency locked loop. Like many other VCO-based ADCs, the proposed technique does not require analog building blocks such as operational amplifiers, multi-bit feed-back DACs etc., and retains the scaling friendly properties. Implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process, the on-chip calibration improves SNDR of an open-loop VCO-based ADC from 46 dB to more than 73 dB in 5 MHz signal bandwidth while consuming 4.1 mW power. The ADC achieves a figure-of-merit of 91–112 fJ/conv-step for different input frequencies.
Determination of Ethers and Esters of Ethylene Glycol. A Modified Alkogyl Analysis (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Ethers and Esters of Ethylene Glycol. A Modified Alkogyl AnalysisP.W. MorganCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 8, 500–504Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560156a016https://doi.org/10.1021/i560156a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
HIV-1MN recombinant gp120 vaccine serum, which fails to neutralize primary isolates of HIV-1, does not antagonize neutralization by antibodies from infected individuals (1994)

Research Virology Laboratory, Genentech, Inc., 460 Pt San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Structural effect of polyester SCY knitted fabric on fabric size, stretch properties, and clothing pressure (2015)

Abstract This study facilitates an effective design and development of various high stretch compression products by analyzing fabric size, stretch properties, and clothing pressure for various knit structures. Four types of fabrics were knitted with polyester SCY (Single Covered Yarn). Then fabric size including weight and thickness, stretch properties (stretch, elastic recovery), and clothing pressure were then measured, to analyze their interrelation. A comparison of fabric size indicated that yarn floating caused reduction in both course and wale-wise specimens; in addition, yarn overlapping caused a release in course-wise and shrinkage in wale–wise due to tuck. The high density caused by shrinkage in the course-wise due to yarn floating rather than overlapping influenced the weight and thickness of knitted fabrics. Yarn floating reduced course-wise elasticity and increased wale-wise elasticity in the fabric stretch test; however, yarn overlapping reduced elasticity in both directions. The elastic recovery analysis indicated that the recovery value gap among four specimens decreased over time. In comparison clothing pressure, ‘plain-float’ fabric showed higher clothing pressure than ‘plain’, while the pressure value of ‘plain-tuck’ was similar to ‘plain’. Dimensional change in course-wise had a greater effect on clothing pressure than in wale-wise in the correlation among fabric size, stretch properties and clothing pressure. Weight and thickness change exerted a strong influence on clothing pressure which vertically presses down the body. The clothing pressure value of knitted specimen having a lower stretch ratio was higher in course-wise.
An Aseptic Fluid Transfer System for Blood and Blood Components (1978)

A device is described which can be attached to all blood bags. Two of these devices are heat-sealed together aseptically at any time during the storage life of the blood unit, and an opening connecting the two is created. In vitro and in vivo studies show that ten passes of a unit of blood through these devices produces no cytological changes and does not alter the in vivo survival of the unit when transfused. Further, if the unit is frozen, then thawed, and even stored at 4 C for five days after thawing, the in vivo survival is still unaffected.
High efficiency submillimeter frequency multipliers (2002)

Solid-state sources have been developed for 330 and 500 GHz using cascaded varactor multipliers driven by a Gunn oscillator. The 330-GHz source uses a cascade of two balanced doublers, achieving very high efficiency, and produces an output of 4 mW. The 500-GHz source uses a cascade of a balanced doubler and single diode tripler and produces 0.7 mW. The doubler output at 330 GHz has been used to drive a harmonic mixer at 660 GHz, and plans are to drive yet another doubler at 660 GHz, where an output of 0.1-0.2 mW is expected. The output may prove to be enough LO for a cooled Schottky diode mixer. The tripled power at 500 GHz is quite sufficient for operation of Schottky diode mixers at this frequency and should be adequate as a pump source for a low-power doubler at 1 THz, such as would be used with a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A zebrafish model for C9orf72 ALS reveals RNA toxicity as a pathogenic mechanism (2018)

The exact mechanism underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) associated with the GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 is still unclear. Two gain-of-function mechanisms are possible: repeat RNA toxicity and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) toxicity. We here dissected both possibilities using a zebrafish model for ALS. Expression of two DPRs, glycine-arginine and proline-arginine, induced a motor axonopathy. Similarly, expanded sense and antisense repeat RNA also induced a motor axonopathy and formed mainly cytoplasmic RNA foci. However, DPRs were not detected in these conditions. Moreover, stop codon-interrupted repeat RNA still induced a motor axonopathy and a synergistic role of low levels of DPRs was excluded. Altogether, these results show that repeat RNA toxicity is independent of DPR formation. This RNA toxicity, but not the DPR toxicity, was attenuated by the RNA-binding protein Pur-alpha and the autophagy-related protein p62. Our findings demonstrate that RNA toxicity, independent of DPR toxicity, can contribute to the pathogenesis of C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD.
Haploinsufficiency for <i>Odc</i> Modifies Mouse Skin Tumor Susceptibility (2005)

Numerous studies have linked overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc) gene with enhanced susceptibility to mouse skin tumorigenesis. However, there is little experimental evidence suggesting that modest reductions in Odc expression might reduce tumor susceptibility. To address this issue, here we report the use of the Odc(+/-) haploinsufficiency model, in which one copy of the murine Odc gene has been inactivated by a homologous recombination. Compared with Odc(+/+) mice, Odc(+/-) mice exhibit reduced epidermal ODC enzyme activity and polyamine accumulation following treatment with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Furthermore, following chronic TPA treatment, the characteristic hyperplastic response of the epidermis was diminished in Odc(+/-) mice. Finally, when subjected to a two-stage initiation-promotion protocol, substantially fewer skin papillomas developed in Odc(+/-) mice compared with wild-type littermates. These results support the concept that differences in tissue polyamine levels, resulting from either overexpression or reductions in ODC, are important modifiers of tumor susceptibility.
Holographic imaging of electromagnetic field vector flow (2002)

The conventional method of making radio wave propagation and electromagnetic compatibility measurements in space uses direct observation at representative points in the observation space. However, direct observation has drawbacks. Solving the resulting problems involves a great deal of work because the existence of wave interference means there is no unique relationship between observation results and the observation space, and the relationship between the wave source distribution in space and the observed results is unknown. The paper discusses the three-dimensional energy flow of the electromagnetic waves using radio holography and the radiation sources polarimetry. The radio holography method proposed provides a highly sensitive recording of radio waves propagating in free space in terms of polarization and other wave information. The method includes numerical reconstruction, resynthesis of polarized waves, and two-frequency differential phases.
Powering fiber-in-the-loop systems (1992)

The advantages and disadvantages of centralized, local, and stand-alone solar (SAS) power systems for powering fiber-in-the-loop systems are discussed. The component costs of the three architectures and their life-cycle costs are estimated. It is shown that, while no single power architecture can be used ubiquitously, centralized power appears to have a cost advantage over local and SAS power for loop lengths less than about 5000 ft. For loops longer than 5000 ft., the optimum power architecture must be decided on a case-by-case basis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Segmental transcutaneous measurements of PO2 in patients requiring below-the-knee amputation for peripheral vascular insufficiency. (1982)

An accurate method is needed to quantitate the healing potentials of the possible sites of amputation in dysvascular limbs. We evaluated the segmental transcutaneous measurements of PO2 in thirty-seven patients who required below-the-knee amputation because of peripheral vascular insufficiency. The fifteen patients with below-the-knee transcutaneous PO2 values of forty millimeters of mercury or more had no delay in healing of the below-the-knee amputation. Seventeen of nineteen patients with values of more than zero but less than forty millimeters of mercury had healing at the below-the-knee level, in two after local revision. The three patients who had below-the-knee values of zero required re-amputation above the knee.
Tactical and strategic missile guidance (1990)

Numerical Techniques Fundamentals of Tactical Missile Guidance Method of Adjoints and the Homing Loop Noise Analysis Convariance Analysis and the Homing Loop Proportional Navigation and Miss Distance Digital Fading Memory Noise Filters in the Homing Loop Advanced Guidance Laws Kalman Filters and the Homing Loop Other Forms of Tactical Guidance Tactical Zones Strategic Considerations Boosters Lambert Guidance Strategic Intercepts Miscellaneous Topics Ballistic Target Properties Extended Kalman Filtering and Ballistic Coefficient Estimation Ballistic Target Challenges Multiple Targets Weaving Targets Representing Missile Airframe with Transfer Functions Introduction to Flight Control Design Three-Loop Autopilot. Appendices: Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance Software Converting Programmes to C Converting Programmes to MATLAB Units.
Glycosylation site binding protein and protein disulfide isomerase are identical and essential for cell viability in yeast. (1991)

Glycosylation site binding protein (GSBP) has been shown to be identical to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI; EC 5.3.4.1) in a variety of multicellular organisms. We have utilized immunological and biochemical techniques to determine if GSBP and PDI are identical in yeast. Antiserum prepared against yeast GSBP identified in microsomes by its ability to be labeled with a peptide photoaffinity probe was found to recognize PDI purified from yeast. Moreover, this purified yeast PDI was found to be specifically labeled by the photoaffinity probe originally used to identify GSBP in a variety of eukaryotes. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that yeast GSBP and PDI are the same protein. The structure of the yeast PDI gene revealed a product with sequence similarity to higher eukaryotic PDI/GSBP. Disruption of this gene in yeast resulted in a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that PDI/GSBP is required for cell viability.
The enhanced<i>J</i><sub>c</sub>and<i>B</i><sub>irr</sub>of<i>in situ</i>MgB<sub>2</sub>wires and tapes alloyed with C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(malic acid) after cold high pressure densification (2009)

Cold high pressure densification, a method recently introduced at GAP in Geneva, was applied for improving the transport critical current density, Jc, and the irreversibility field, Birr, of monofilamentary in situ MgB2 wires and tapes alloyed with 10 wt% C4H6O5 (malic acid). Tapes densified at 1.48 GPa exhibited after reaction an enhancement of Jc from 2 to 4 × 104 A cm−2 at 4.2 K/10 T and from 0.5 to 4 × 104 A cm−2 at 20 K/5 T, while the Birr was enhanced from 19.3 to 22 T at 4.2 K and from 7.5 to 10.0 T at 20 K.