gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the reduction by creatinol O-phosphate of the myocardial lesions evoked by isoprenaline in the rat. (1979)

The distribution and the size of lesions evoked in rat heart by the injection of isoprenaline 30 mg/kg have been estimated in rat pretreated or not by various dosages of N-methyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)guanidine O-phosphate (creatinol O-phosphate). It has been observed that the number of lesions was inequally distributed in the various parts of the heart. Creatinol O-phosphate pretreatment reduced both the number and the size of the reactive areas. The reduction of the number of foci was dose-dependent. The action of the lowest creatinol O-phosphate doses was increased by a pretreatment during 4 days instead of the 4 h pretreatment initially used. The size of the reactive area was also reduced but in a manner indicating an action of large creatinol O-phosphate dosages on the microcirculation. It is concluded that, due to its protective action against cardionecrosis, creatinol O-phosphate has great potential value in patients with myocardial infarction in whom the extent of the infarct size may be limited by an action on the jeopardized area.
<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> and a Prebiotic Protect Intestinal Health in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic and <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Exposure (2018)

Supplementation with anti-inflammatory butyrate-supporting commensal bacteria and prebiotic may support innate immune responses and minimize bacterial burden and negative effects during antibiotic and CD exposure.
Multiuser Scheduling with Multi Radio Access Selection (2005)

In this paper we address the problem of multiuser scheduling with multi-radio access selection, i.e., the data flow of a given user can be scheduled over multiple radio access technologies of different operators. We show that performance gains are possible and come from multiuser diversity as well as multi-radio diversity, as both the best user and the best radio access can be selected, at any given time, to get to optimal performance. We compare a terminal-based strategy where users compete to choose the best radio access, and a network-based case where the network choose the users to serve at a given time. This work assesses the performance gain due to both multi radio access and multiuser diversity with respect to the no-multi-radio case, where users are constrained to connect to the same single radio access
Biobleaching chemistry of laccase-mediator systems on high-lignin-content kraft pulps (2004)

A high-lignin-content softwood kraft pulp was reacted with laccase in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (NHA), and violuric acid (VA). The biodelignification response with violuric acid was superior to both 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine. NMR analysis of residual lignins isolated before and after the biobleaching treatments revealed that the latter material was highly oxidized and that the magnitude of structural changes was most pronounced with the laccase  violuric acid biobleaching system. An increase in the content of carboxylic acid groups and a decrease in methoxyl groups were noted with all three laccase-mediator systems. The oxidation biobleaching pathway is directed primarily towards noncondensed C5 phenolic lignin functional structures for all three laccase-mediated systems. The laccase  violuric acid system was also reactive towards C5-condensed phenolic lignin structures.Key words: laccase, mediator, lignin, pulp, biobleaching, phenolics.
Novel Low Leakage and Low Resistance Titanium Salicide Technology with Recoil Nitrogen Achieved by Silicidation after Ion Implantation through Contamination-Restrained Oxygen Free LPCVD-Nitride Layer (SICRON) (1995)

1995 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Novel Low Leakage and Low Resistance Titanium Salicide Technology with Recoil Nitrogen Achieved by Silicidation after Ion Implantation through Contamination-Restrained Oxygen Free LPCVD-Nitride Layer (SICRON)
The study of the interconnection of GSM mobile communication system over IP based network (2002)

We propose a protocol to interconnect the GSM mobile communication networks and PSTN through an IP based backbone. The basic functions of mobile communication such as call setup, call recovery, and handover together with its further applications such as conference calls are taken into account. Not only establishment and closing of a conference call are discussed, but also the recovery procedures due to the failure of handover are also considered. Different feasible interconnection types are also studied. There are several possible connecting topologies, that can be divided into two categories: (1) MSC of the same operator are connected in a traditional architecture; only the GMSC of different operators are connected via the IP network; (2) all MSC are liked with the IP network. The mechanisms suitable for the connection are studied.
Double Backpropagation for Training Autoencoders against Adversarial Attack (2020)

Deep learning, as widely known, is vulnerable to adversarial samples. This paper focuses on the adversarial attack on autoencoders. Safety of the autoencoders (AEs) is important because they are widely used as a compression scheme for data storage and transmission, however, the current autoencoders are easily attacked, i.e., one can slightly modify an input but has totally different codes. The vulnerability is rooted the sensitivity of the autoencoders and to enhance the robustness, we propose to adopt double backpropagation (DBP) to secure autoencoder such as VAE and DRAW. We restrict the gradient from the reconstruction image to the original one so that the autoencoder is not sensitive to trivial perturbation produced by the adversarial attack. After smoothing the gradient by DBP, we further smooth the label by Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), aiming for accurate and robust classification. We demonstrate in MNIST, CelebA, SVHN that our method leads to a robust autoencoder resistant to attack and a robust classifier able for image transition and immune to adversarial attack if combined with GMM.
Correlations Without Synchrony (1999)

Peaks in spike train correlograms are usually taken as indicative of spike timing synchronization between neurons. Strictly speaking, however, a peak merely indicates that the two spike trains were not independent. Two biologically plausible ways of departing from independence that are capable of generating peaks very similar to spike timing peaks are described here: covariations over trials in response latency and covariations over trials in neuronal excitability. Since peaks due to these interactions can be similar to spike timing peaks, interpreting a correlogram may be a problem with ambiguous solutions. What peak shapes do latency or excitability interactions generate? When are they similar to spike timing peaks? When can they be ruled out from having caused an observed correlogram peak? These are the questions addressed here. The previous article in this issue proposes quantitative methods to tell cases apart when latency or excitability covariations cannot be ruled out.
A Laser-Based Vision System for Weld Quality Inspection (2011)

Welding is a very complex process in which the final weld quality can be affected by many process parameters. In order to inspect the weld quality and detect the presence of various weld defects, different methods and systems are studied and developed. In this paper, a laser-based vision system is developed for non-destructive weld quality inspection. The vision sensor is designed based on the principle of laser triangulation. By processing the images acquired from the vision sensor, the geometrical features of the weld can be obtained. Through the visual analysis of the acquired 3D profiles of the weld, the presences as well as the positions and sizes of the weld defects can be accurately identified and therefore, the non-destructive weld quality inspection can be achieved.
Simplified methods for large scale enzymatic synthesis of oligoribonucleotides (1978)

We report simplified methods for large scale enzymatic synthesis of oligoribonucleotides using polynucleotide phosphorylase. The main features of the method are use of RPC-5 chromatography, including chromatography at two pH values to deal with the problem of primer phosphorolysis, rapid dialysis for large scale desalting, simplified methods for enzyme removal, and high resolution 1H and 31P NMR for product identification and demonstration of purity. The capacity of the method is adequate to allow beginning with grams of material in the first polymerization step, so that product yields of several milligrams, sufficient for many physical studies, are possible after as many as three separate polymerization reactions.
Overview of the TREC 2013 Session Track (2013)

The TREC Session track ran for the fourth time in 2014. The track has the primary goal of providing test collections and evaluation measures for studying information retrieval over user sessions rather than one-time queries. These test collections are meant to be portable, reusable, statistically powerful, and open to anyone that wishes to work on the problem of retrieval over
Pathogenicity of <i>Streptococcus ictaluri</i> to Channel Catfish (2009)

The pathogenicity of a Streptococcus ictaluri isolate in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus at the fry (0.5 g), fingerling (15 g), and juvenile (55 g) stages was determined by experimental bath immersion and injection experiments. Channel catfish were exposed in 1-L immersion baths containing 10(8), 10(9), 10(10), 10(11) or 10(12) colony-forming units (cfu) of S. ictaluri. Fish were also injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of bacterial solution for final doses of 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) cfu of S. ictaluri per fish. Streptococcus ictaluri caused mortality in fry, fingerling, and juvenile channel catfish within 21 d postinfection. When mortalities were calculated based on size and challenge route, the cumulative percent mortalities were 11% for fry and 0% for fingerlings by the bath immersion route and 14% for fingerlings and 6% for juveniles by the injection route. Isolation of S. ictaluri from moribund and dead catfish was confirmed by the newly established BIOLOG profile (MicroLog3 system). The results indicate that channel catfish were only susceptible to high concentrations of S. ictaluri and that juvenile channel catfish were less susceptible, possibly explaining why little mortality has been attributed to S. ictaluri infection in catfish aquaculture.
Installation of a power monitoring system in a large, multiple power source, industrial facility (2002)

This paper describes the justification, specification, design, and installation of an on-line, real time power and demand monitoring system. It describes the problems encountered at startup, and the results from the system implementation. The system was installed in a large paper and wood product manufacturing facility using an existing Ethernet medium for system-wide communications. Multiple sources of utility power, at thousands of feet spacing, required that data collection communication be transmitted on fiber optic and broadband cables. Various customers for this information required the implementation of X-Window clients and servers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure-based drug design identifies polythiophenes as antiprion compounds (2015)

Prions cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies for which no treatment exists. Prions consist of PrP(Sc), a misfolded and aggregated form of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). We explore the antiprion properties of luminescent conjugated polythiophenes (LCPs) that bind and stabilize ordered protein aggregates. By administering a library of structurally diverse LCPs to the brains of prion-infected mice via osmotic minipumps, we found that antiprion activity required a minimum of five thiophene rings bearing regularly spaced carboxyl side groups. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analyses and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that anionic side chains interacted with complementary, regularly spaced cationic amyloid residues of model prions. These findings allowed us to extract structural rules governing the interaction between LCPs and protein aggregates, which we then used to design a new set of LCPs with optimized binding. The new set of LCPs showed robust prophylactic and therapeutic potency in prion-infected mice, with the lead compound extending survival by >80% and showing activity against both mouse and hamster prions as well as efficacy upon intraperitoneal administration into mice. These results demonstrate the feasibility of targeted chemical design of compounds that may be useful for treating diseases of aberrant protein aggregation such as prion disease.
B7‐1‐dependent co‐stimulation results in qualitatively and quantitatively different responses by CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (1997)

To characterize better the co-stimulatory activity of native B7-1 in the absence of other receptor/ligand interactions that might contribute to the response, B7-1 was purified by monoclonal antibody (mAb) affinity chromatography. Immobilization of purified B7-1 with anti-T cell receptor (TCR) mAb on cell-sized latex microspheres provided an effective stimulus for activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as measured by proliferation, development of effector function, and changes in motility and adhesion. The CD4+ T cell response was prolonged and resulted in efficient interleukin-2 production and clonal expansion. In contrast, CD8+ responses were transient. Proliferation and clonal expansion peaked on days 3 and 4, coincident with maximal expression of lytic effector function, and the cells then died. These results demonstrate that B7-1 mediated co-stimulation is sufficient for the induction of effector function in both helper and cytotoxic T cell precursors, but suggest that B7-1 co-stimulation is not sufficient to sustain helper-independent CD8+ CTL responses. When the dose responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to B7-1 were compared, CD8+ T cells were found to require higher densities of B7-1 to attain an equivalent level of activation, suggesting that the level of expression of B7-1 by APC may influence the development of helper or CTL responses. Finally, in contrast to results obtained by others with B7-1 transfectants, purified B7-1 did not provide co-stimulation when presented on a surface separate from the TCR stimulus.
Using Geometry Invariants for Camera Response Function Estimation (2007)

In this paper, we present a new single-image camera response function (CRF) estimation method using geometry invariants (GI). We derive mathematical properties and geometric interpretation for GI, which lend insight to addressing various algorithm implementation issues in a principled way. In contrast to the previous single-image CRF estimation methods, our method provides a constraint equation for selecting the potential target data points. Comparing to the prior work, our experiment is conducted over more extensive data and our method is flexible in that its estimation accuracy and stability can be improved whenever more than one image is available. The geometry invariance theory is novel and may be of wide interest.
Data-Driven Blood Glucose Pattern Classification and Anomalies Detection: Machine-Learning Applications in Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

Despite the complexity of BG dynamics, there are many attempts to capture hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia incidences and the extent of an individual's GV using different approaches. Recently, the advancement of diabetes technologies and continuous accumulation of self-collected health data have paved the way for popularity of machine learning in these tasks. According to the review, most of the identified studies used a theoretical threshold, which suffers from inter- and intrapatient variation. Therefore, future studies should consider the difference among patients and also track its temporal change over time. Moreover, studies should also give more emphasis on the types of inputs used and their associated time lag. Generally, we foresee that these developments might encourage researchers to further develop and test these systems on a large-scale basis.
TASI-E Communications System (1982)

This paper describes a Bell System electronic circuit multiplier designated TASI-E. The paper covers operation, features, restrictions, and performance of this system.
Evaluation of mannitol salt agar, CHROMagar Staph aureus and CHROMagar MRSA for detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swab specimens (2006)

Mannitol salt agar (MSA), CHROMagar Staph aureus (CSA) and CHROMagar MRSA (CSA-MRSA) were evaluated with nasal surveillance specimens for their ability to detect Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). CSA was found to be more sensitive than MSA in detecting S. aureus (98 versus 84.3 %; P=0.03). CSA and CSA-MRSA were equivalent in the ability to detect MRSA at 24 h (89.7 versus 87.2 %) and at 48 h (94.9 versus 94.9 %). When combined with Staphaurex slide confirmation testing, both CSA and CSA-MRSA were highly specific (100 %) media for detecting MRSA from nasal swab specimens.
Cerium-activated Gd2SiO5 single crystal scintillator (1983)

Cerium-activated phosphors are characterized by their fast luminescence decay. Gadolinium orthosilicate (Gd2SiO5) is a material possessing a high atomic number, and can also play host to the cerium activator. Cerium-doped Gd2SiO5 single crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique, and their luminescence properties were examined. The light output was 1.3 times larger than that of the best Bi4Ge3O12, and the decay constant was 60 ns at room temperature.
Using Tracing to Solve the Multicore System Debug Problem (2012)

The common trace format overcomes deficiencies in traditional software tools to optimize modern multicore designs by providing open source formats to monitor the state and interaction of concurrent systems over time.
1,2-Dioxines Containing Tethered Hydroxyl Functionality as Convenient Precursors for Pyran Syntheses (2005)

A new method for the construction of tetrahydropyrans derived from readily available 1,2-dioxines containing a tethered hydroxyl moiety is described. The reaction proceeds via a base-catalyzed rearrangement of the 1,2-dioxines to either the isomeric cis or trans gamma-hydroxy enones followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael addition of the tethered hydroxyl group.
IPSec overhead in wireline and wireless networks for Web and email applications (2003)

This paper focuses on characterizing the overhead of IP security (IPSec) for email and Web applications using a set of test bed configurations. The different configurations are implemented using both wireline and wireless network links. The testing considers different combinations of authentication algorithms and authentication protocols. Authentication algorithms include Hashed Message Authentication Code-Message Digest 5 (HMAC-MD5) and Hashed Message Authentication Code-Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (HMAC-SHA1). Authentication protocols include Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) protocols. Triple Digital Encryption Standard (3DES) is used for encryption. Overhead is examined for scenarios using no encryption and no authentication, authentication and no encryption, and authentication and encryption. A variety of different file sizes are considered when measuring the overhead The results present a thorough analysis of the overhead of different IPSec configurations and provide practical guidance for choosing the IPSec configuration needed in a network environment.
Treatment of O-nitro-phenol Wastewater with Magnetization-Enhanced Oxidation by NaClO Solution (2010)

O-nitro-phenol wastewater which contains refractor' organic matters can not be degraded by conventional biological methods. In this work, o-nitro-phenol wastewater was effectively treated using magnetization-enhanced oxidation by NaClO solutions. The pollutant concentrations in wastewater were 250mg/L o-nitro-phenol, 2,000 mg/L COD(subscript Cr) and 150 times color. The experimental results show that, using the method in this work, 94.4% o-nitro-phenol. 94.2% COD(subscript Cr) and 100% color can be removed at pH 6, 200 mg charcoal, 8mL oxidizer, 5 min reaction time in 1000mL wastewater. The treatment can be enhanced under magnetic field. COD(subscript Cr) and o-nitro-phenol removal can keep unchanged while the reaction time can be reduced to 3 min when the intensity of magnetic field was 60mT.
Understanding and Designing New Server Architectures for Emerging Warehouse-Computing Environments (2008)

This paper seeks to understand and design next-generation servers for emerging "warehouse-computing" environments. We make two key contributions. First, we put together a detailed evaluation infrastructure including a new benchmark suite for warehouse-computing workloads, and detailed performance, cost, and power models, to quantitatively characterize bottlenecks. Second, we study a new solution that incorporates volume non-server-class components in novel packaging solutions, with memory sharing and flash-based disk caching. Our results show that this approach has promise, with a 2X improvement on average in performance-per-dollar for our benchmark suite.
<b>Thiacyanocarbons. I. Tetracyano-1,4-dithiin, Tetracyanothiophene and Tricyano-1,4-dithiino [c]isothiazole</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiacyanocarbons. I. Tetracyano-1,4-dithiin, Tetracyanothiophene and Tricyano-1,4-dithiino [c]isothiazoleHoward E. Simmons, Robert D. Vest, Dale C. Blomstrom, John R. Roland, and Theodore L. CairnsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 24, 4746–4756Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00883a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00883a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Avidin Conjugates (2003)

The high-affinity avidin-biotin system has found applications in different fields of biotechnology including immunoassays, histochemistry, affinity chromatography, and drug delivery, to name a few. A brief description of avidin and avidin-like molecules, streptavidin, deglycosylated avidin, and NeutrAvidin™ avidin, is presented in Chapter 48. With four biotin binding sites per molecule, the avidin family of proteins is capable of forming tight complexes with one or more biotinylated compounds (). Typically, the avidin-biotin system is used to prepare signal-amplifying ”sandwich“ complexes between specificity reagents (e.g., antibodies) and detection reagents (e.g., fluorophores, enzymes, and so on). The specificity and detection reagents are independently conjugated, one with avidin and the other with biotin, or both with biotin, providing synthetic flexibility ().