gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human and mouse PD-L1: similar molecular structure, but different druggability profiles (2020)

In the development of PD-L1-blocking therapeutics, it is essential to transfer initial <i>in vitro</i> findings into proper <i>in vivo</i> animal models. Classical immunocompetent mice are attractive due to high accessibility and low experimental costs. However, it is unknown whether inter-species differences in PD-L1 sequence and structure would allow for human-mouse cross applications. Here, we disclose the first structure of the mouse (<i>m</i>) PD-L1 and analyze its similarity to the human (<i>h</i>) PD-L1. We show that <i>m</i>PD-L1 interacts with <i>h</i>PD-1 and provides a negative signal toward activated Jurkat T cells. We also show major differences in druggability between the <i>h</i>PD-L1 and <i>m</i>PD-L1 using therapeutic antibodies, a macrocyclic peptide, and small molecules. Our study indicates that while the amino acid sequence is well conserved between the <i>h</i>PD-L1 and <i>m</i>PD-L1 and overall structures are almost identical, crucial differences determine the interaction with anti-PD-L1 agents, that cannot be easily predicted <i>in silico</i>.
Continuous graphene and carbon nanotube based high flexible and transparent pressure sensor arrays (2015)

The transparent pressure sensing arrays durable to severe deformation are fabricated by covering the continuous graphene sheets on the tip of thermal plastic polyurethane (TPU) pyramids, while most of the TPU surface is covered by a layer of densely entangled single wall carbon nanotubes. The transparency of the conducting layer exceeds 91%. The capacitance variations between TPU surface and flat electrode under compressive deformation show high sensitivity and a broad dynamic range from hundreds Pa to MPa. The measured capacitance variations show high load sensitivity and stability under repeated deformation cycles. Finite element numerical simulations present that the contact area change under deformation increases the capacitance variation. The high stability of the capacitance response to fluctuated loads demonstrates that graphene layer on the surface of TPU pyramids maintains the continuity of electric contact under a large deformation ratio and high repeating cycles. 16 × 16 arrays are connected to a circuit and a typical load distribution is regenerated by mapping the local capacitance variations on the arrays with sub-minimeter spatial resolution.
Kinetic scheme of the non-equilibrium discharge in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures (1992)

A kinetic scheme for non-equilibrium discharge in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures is developed, which almost wholly describes chemical transformations of particles in the cold (200 K<or=T<or=500 K) vibrationally unexcited gas. The kinetic scheme includes processes of excitation of electronic states, destruction and ionization of heavy particles by electron impact, associative ionization, electron attachment and detachment, electron-ion and ion-ion recombination, chemical transformations of neutral particles (in ground and excited electronic states) and ion conversion. On the basis of kinetic modelling in the framework of the kinetic scheme proposed, the influence of the electronic excitations of nitrogen molecules and atoms on air composition dynamics is analysed.
An implementation of elliptic curve cryptosystems over F/sub 2/155 (1993)

The authors describe a VLSI Galois field processor and how it can be applied to the implementation of elliptic curve groups. They demonstrate the feasibility of constructing very fast, and very secure, public key systems with a relatively simple device, and the possibility of putting such a system on a smart card. The registers necessary to implement the elliptic curve system will require less than 1 mm/sup 2/ (or less than 4%) of the area available on the card.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PET depolymerisation in supercritical ethanol catalysed by [Bmim][BF<sub>4</sub>] (2014)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was depolymerised under supercritical ethanol, 98 wt% of diethylterephthalate was obtained after 45 min, by adding [Bmim][BF<sub>4</sub>] as catalyst.
Chip-to-chip optical interconnections between stacked self-aligned SOI photonic chips (2012)

Photonic silicon devices are key enabling technologies for next generation High Performance Computers. In this paper, we report the possibility to stack and optically interconnect SOI based photonic chips for future System-In-Package photonic architecture. Combining vertical grating couplers and state-of-the-art flip-chip technology, we demonstrated low loss penalties and wide spectral range optical interconnections between stacked photonic chips.
Evaluation of New Systemic Insecticides for Elm Insect Pest Control (1996)

Abstract Use of systemic insecticides that can be injected either into the root system or trunk of woody plants provides several potential advantages, notably in control of drift during application. Recently, new classes of insecticides with systemic activity have been developed, which may supplant the organophosphate and carbamate systemic insecticides that have previously been available. To evaluate their potential to control insects affecting shade trees, studies were conducted using imidacloprid and abamectin on elm. Soil injections of imidacloprid appeared particularly effective, controlling all three of the target pest species in this study (elm leaf beetle, European elm scale, elm leaf aphid). Both imidacloprid and abamectin also were effective against at least some elm insects when injected into trunks. Persistence of irnidacloprid was unusually long, providing second season control of all elm insect pests, although root uptake following soil injections was slow.
A Generalized Nash Solution for Two-Person Bargaining Games with Incomplete Information (1972)

The paper extends Nash's theory of two-person bargaining games with fixed threats to bargaining situations with incomplete information. After defining such bargaining situations, a formal bargaining model (bargaining game) will be proposed for them. This bargaining game, regarded as noncooperative game, will be analyzed in terms of a certain class of equilibrium points with special stability properties, to be called “strict” equilibrium points. Finally an axiomatic theory will be developed in order to select a unique solution from the set X of payoff vectors corresponding to such strict equilibrium points (as well as to probability mixtures of the latter). It will be shown that the solution satisfying the axioms proposed in this paper is the point where a certain generalized Nash product is maximized over this set X.
Monitoring spread of Malassezia infections in a neonatal intensive care unit by PCR-mediated genetic typing (1994)

Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis were isolated from newborn children and incubators in a neonatal intensive care unit. To assess whether persistence or frequent import of the organisms was the cause of the elevated incidence, genetic typing of the strains was performed by PCR-mediated DNA fingerprinting. By using PCR primers aimed at repeat consensus motifs, six different genotypes could be detected in a collection of six M. furfur reference strains. In the case of 10 M. pachydermatis reference strains, nine different genotypes were detected by three different PCR assays. None of these assays could document genetic differences among the clinical isolates of either M. furfur or M. pachydermatis. On the basis of these results it is concluded that within the neonatal intensive care unit the longitudinal persistence of both an M. furfur and an M. pachydermatis strain has occurred and that Malassezia species can persist on incubator surfaces for prolonged periods of time. It can be concluded that PCR fingerprinting is a Malassezia typing procedure that is to be preferred over the analysis of chromosomal polymorphisms by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in this genus.
Sex Selective Abortion in India (2012)

The report explores the prevalence of sex-selective abortion in India and its main causes. These include the patriarchal nature of Indian society and a general preference to have sons, as well as the availability and misuse of sex-determination technologies. It explores the consequences of sex-selective abortion, especially in regards to gender disparity and increased discrimination against women. Evidence of its prevalence, different contributing factors and debates and arguments regarding sex-selective abortion are discussed. The report addresses current legislation and enforcement as well as government and non-governmental initiatives and their successes and shortcomings. Analysis is given regarding what will be the most successful solution to this problem, especially as far as it addresses the underlying societal issues that increase sex-selective abortion.
Direct Liquefaction of Wood by Solvolysis (1988)

Direct liquefaction of wood can be based on a two steps scheme : solvolysis then upgrading. In this paper, experimental results on solvolysis of wood in an acidified water-phenol mixture are presented. The process conditions -temperature, time, liquid to solid ratio, solvent composition-, are investigated and it is shown that mild conditions allow to directly solvolyse wet chips. Solvolysis products are : gases (few percent), water, light products and heavy oil. Analysis of material balances shows that wood dissolution involves a condensation reaction between phenol and cellulose. Upgrading of the solvolysis products is necessary to recycle them as a solvent. Hydrotreatment seems to be very convenient. No water is produced but phenol, which was linked to solvolysis products, is made free. Such observations explained why upgrading increases the ability of the oil to dissolve wood. Optimization of this step is underway in order to design a two steps liquefaction process.
Spray deposition versus single-drop deposition for calibration of an electrostatic accumulation furnace for electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry (1987)

Spray deposition, e.g., deposition by electrostatic capture of aerosol droplets (aerodynamic diameter of 1–2 µm) generated from a standard solution of the analyte is proposed for the calibration of the electrostatic accumulation furnace for electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry. Deposition of the analyte can be achieved with a relative standard deviation of ca. 2%. The spray deposition mode has been found to be insensitive to the ageing and surface conditions of the furnace but not to the nature of the furnace material. The different behaviours observed for different materials are explained in terms of different atom loss mechanisms.
Prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes in primary and metastatic lesions of advanced stage ovarian cancer (2008)

T-lymphocytes infiltrating primary and metastatic ovarian cancer sites are associated with improved prognosis. These associations are especially distinct in advanced stage patients, underlining the potential for immunotherapy as a broadly applicable therapeutic strategy.
An Application of Geostatistics and Fractal Geometry for Reservoir Characterization (1991)

Summary This study presents an application of geostatistics and fractal geometry concepts for 2D characterization of rock properties (k and ϕ) in a dolomitic, layered-cake reservoir. The results indicate that lack of closely spaced data yield effectively random distributions of properties. Further, incorporation of geology reduces uncertainties in fractal interpolation of wellbore properties.
A phase I trial of recombinant human interleukin-6 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and thrombocytopenia (1995)

To evaluate the hematologic effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6, Escherichia coli, SDZ ILS 969, IL-6), and determine its toxicity profile, we performed a phase I trial of IL-6 in 22 patients with various myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), platelet counts < 100,000/microL, and < 5% bone marrow (BM) blasts. Patients received one of four doses of IL-6 (1.0, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 micrograms/kg/d) as a subcutaneous injection on day 1, followed by a 7-day wash-out period, and then 28 days of IL-6 therapy. Dose-limiting toxicities of fatigue, fever, and elevated alkaline phosphatase were seen at 5.0 micrograms/kg/d; the maximum tolerated dose was 3.75 micrograms/kg/d. All patients experienced at least grade II fever and all had an increase in acute phase proteins. Eight patients (36%) experienced at least a transient improvement in platelet counts; three fulfilled the criteria for response, whereas five others had clinically significant increases that failed to meet response criteria. Various IL-6-related toxicities prevented more than three patients from receiving maintenance therapy. Two of the three patients who received maintenance IL-6 therapy had a persistent increase in platelet counts, during 3 and 12 months of IL-6 therapy, respectively. Laboratory studies indicated that IL-6 increased the frequency of higher ploidy megakaryocytes but did not significantly increase the number of assayable megakaryocytic progenitor cells, suggesting that IL-6 acts as a maturational agent rather than a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor. Although IL-6 therapy can promote thrombopoiesis in some MDS patients, its limited activity and significant therapy-related toxicity preclude its use as a single agent in this patient population. Further studies, combining low doses of IL-6 with other hematopoietic growth factors, are underway.
Hybrid Beamforming for Reduction of Inter-Beam Interference in Millimeter-Wave Cellular Systems (2018)

In millimeter-wave (mm-wave) cellular systems, beamforming antennas are necessary at both the base station (<i>BS</i>) and mobile station (<i>MS</i>) to compensate for high attenuation in mm-wave frequency bands and to extend the transmission range. The beamforming antennas also allow each <i>BS</i> to serve a number of <i>MS</i>s simultaneously, providing a substantial gain in system capacity. In space-division multiple access (SDMA) systems, the challenge is the inter-beam interference (IBI) caused by adjacent beams that are formed by the <i>BS</i> in the same cell and <i>BSs</i> in neighboring cells. The beams that are formed toward <i>MSs</i> in each cell may generate significant interference to <i>MSs</i> in neighboring cells, especially for MSs at the cell boundary. In this paper, we propose four different digital precoding techniques (Type-1, Type-2, Type-3, and Type-4) to reduce IBI in mm-wave cellular systems with a hybrid beamformer. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques can reduce the IBI in mm-wave cellular systems effectively, compared with a single-cell multiuser case.
Binary Data Transmission by FM over a Real Channel (1963)

Formulas are derived for probability of error in the detection of binary FM signals received from a channel characterized by arbitrary amplitude- and phase-vs-frequency distortion as well as additive Gaussian noise. The results depend on the signal sequence and can be presented in terms of averages over all signal sequences or as bounds for the most and least vulnerable ones. Illustrative examples evaluated include Sunde's method of suppressing intersymbol interference in band-limited FM. The effects of various representative channel filters are also analyzed. A solution is given for the problem of optimizing the receiving bandpass filter to minimize error probability at constant transmitted signal power. It is found that a performance from 3 to 4 db poorer than that theoretically attainable from binary PM is realizable over a variety of filtering situations
Using Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Thread Partitioning in Speculative Multithreading (2015)

Speculative multithreading (SpMT) is a thread-level automatic parallelization technique to accelerate sequential programs on multi-core, and it partitions programs into multiple threads to be speculatively executed in the presence of ambiguous data and control dependences while the correctness of the programs is guaranteed by hardware support. Thread granularity, number of parallel threads as well as partition postions are crucial to the performance improvement in SpMT, for they determine the amount of resources (CPU, memory, cache, or waiting cycles, etc), and affect the efficiency of every PE (Processing Element). In conventional way, these three parameters are determined by heuristic rules. Although it is simple to partition threads with them, they are a type of one-size-fits-all strategy and can not guarantee to get the optimal solution of thread partitioning. This paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based approach to learn and determine the thread partition strategy. Using the ANN-based thread partition approach, an unseen irregular program can obtain a stable, much higher speedup than the Heuristic Rules (HR) based approach. On Prophet, which is a generic SpMT processor to evaluate the performance of multithreaded programs, the novel thread partitioning policy is evaluated and reaches an average speedup of 1.80 on 4-core processor. Experiments show that our proposed approach can obtain a significant increase in speedup and Olden benchmarks deliver a better performance improvement of 2.36% than the traditional heuristic rules based approach. The results indicate that our approach finds the best partitioning scheme for each program and is more stable across programs.
SYNTHESIS AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF DERIVATIVES OF AZABICYCLOALKANES (1982)

In the present paper, we report the synthesis and analgesic activity of a series of azabicycloalkanes derivatives which are 3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonanes(Ⅱ, Ⅲ), 3-azabicyclo[3,2,1.]octanes (Ⅳ)and 8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]octanes (Ⅴ) Preliminary pharmacological results showed that most of the compounds in this series possess strong analgesic activity. The analgesic potency of 3-(β-phenylethyl)-9β-methoxy-9α-(mpropionoxyphenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3,3,1] nonane (Ⅱ_a) corresponds to more than 2000 times that of morphine.
A TPM-enabled remote attestation protocol (TRAP) in wireless sensor networks (2011)

Given the limited resources and computational power of current embedded sensor devices, memory protection is difficult to achieve and generally unavailable. Hence, the software run-time buffer overflow that is used by the worm attacks in the Internet could be easily exploited to inject malicious codes into Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Previous software-based remote code verification approaches such as SWATT and SCUBA have been shown difficult to deploy in recent work. In this paper, we propose and implement a remote attestation protocol for detecting unauthorized tampering in the application codes running on sensor nodes with the assistance of Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs), the tiny, cost-effective and tamper-proof cryptographic microcontrollers. In our design, each sensor node is equipped with a TPM and the firmware running on the node could be verified by the other sensor nodes in a WSN, including the sink. Specifically, we present a hardware-based remote attestation protocol, discuss the potential attacks an adversary could launch against the protocol, and provide comprehensive system performance results of the protocol in a multi-hop sensor network testbed.
Analysis of the Relationship between H<sub>2</sub>S Removal Capacity and Surface Properties of Unimpregnated Activated Carbons (2000)

The H2S breakthrough capacity was measured on two series of activated carbons of a coconut shell and a bituminous coal origins. To broaden the spectrum of surface features the samples were oxidized using nitric acid or ammonium persulfate under conditions chosen to preserve their pore structures. Then the carbons were characterized using Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, thermal analysis, temperature programmed desorption, sorption of nitrogen, and sorption of water. It was found that the choice of unimpregnated carbon for application as H2S adsorbent should be made based on parameters of its acidity such as number of acidic groups, pH of surface, amount of surface groups oxygen, or weight loss associated to decomposition of surface oxygen species. The results obtained from the analyses of six unimpregnated carbon samples suggest that there are certain threshold values of these quantities which, when exceeded, have a dramatic effect on the H2S breakthrough capacity.
Derivatives of 3,5-dihydro-4H-benzo[2,3]diazepin-4-one (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 3,5-dihydro-4H-benzo[2,3]diazepin-4-oneK. Nagarajan, J. David, and R. K. ShahCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1091–1092Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BK Virus DNA: Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Human Tumor Virus (1979)

The complete DNA sequence of the human papovavirus BK is presented. From the 4963 base-pair sequence of BK virus (MM strain), the amino acid sequence of at least five proteins can be deduced: a T antigen and a t antigen, which share amino terminal peptides; proteins VP2 and VP3, which share 232 amino acids; and protein VP1, whose coding sequence overlaps those for VP2 and VP3 by 113 nucleotides but is read in a different frame. The gene loci and the arrangement of genes are strikingly similar in BK virus and simian virus 40 (SV40). The sequence of the deduced proteins in BK virus shares 73 percent amino acid homology with those in SV40, whereas the DNA sequence of the two viruses shares 70 percent homology, suggesting close evolutionary relationship. However, the repeated DNA sequences in the noncoding regions of these viruses are different.
Polypyrrole/Agarose-Based Electronically Conductive and Reversibly Restorable Hydrogel (2014)

Conductive hydrogels are a class of composite materials that consist of hydrated and conducting polymers. Due to the mechanical similarity to biointerfaces such as human skin, conductive hydrogels have been primarily utilized as bioelectrodes, specifically neuroprosthetic electrodes, in an attempt to replace metallic electrodes by enhancing the mechanical properties and long-term stability of the electrodes within living organisms. Here, we report a conductive, smart hydrogel, which is thermoplastic and self-healing owing to its unique properties of reversible liquefaction and gelation in response to thermal stimuli. In addition, we demonstrated that our conductive hydrogel could be utilized to fabricate bendable, stretchable, and patternable electrodes directly on human skin. The excellent mechanical and thermal properties of our hydrogel make it potentially useful in a variety of biomedical applications such as electronic skin.