gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KEYNOTE-055: A phase II trial of single agent pembrolizumab in patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who have failed platinum and cetuximab. (2015)

TPS3094 Background: Treatment options are limited for pts with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC whose disease has progressed after platinum and cetuximab therapy. Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody designed to block interaction between activated T-cell-specific programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Preclinical studies have shown that blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction promotes infiltration of activated tumor-specific effector T cells, leading to tumor cell death. In KEYNOTE-012, a phase 1b clinical study, pembrolizumab exhibited antitumor activity in patients with recurrent or metastatic, PD-L1–positive HNSCC. Treatment with intravenous pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks resulted in an objective response rate (ORR) of 19.6% (confirmed and unconfirmed responses) by investigator review, and the magnitude of response was positively correlated with PD-L1 expression in the tumor tissue (P= 0.018). Methods: KEYNOTE-055 (NCT02255097) is a multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized phase 2 trial with the primary objective to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in 150 pts with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC resistant to platinum and cetuximab. Pembrolizumab will be administered intravenously for up to 24 months at a dose of 200 mg every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Eligible pts must undergo a core or excisional biopsy prior to treatment for evaluation of PD-L1. The primary efficacy parameter is ORR, with response to treatment assessed every 6-9 weeks by central radiology review using RECIST v1.1. Secondary efficacy end points include: duration of response, ORR per modified RECIST v1.1 (to account for the unique tumor response profile of pembrolizumab), ORR for HPV+ pts, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). For the ORR analyses, a 97.5% confidence interval and 1-sided P value will be provided using exact binomial distribution. Kaplan-Meier statistics will assess PFS and OS. Adverse events (AEs) will be monitored and graded using CTCAE v4.0. Clinical trial information: NCT02255097.
Interferon-producing Cells Fail to Induce Proliferation of Naive T Cells but Can Promote Expansion and T Helper 1 Differentiation of Antigen-experienced Unpolarized T Cells (2003)

Interferon-producing cells (IPCs) secrete high levels of type I interferon in response to certain viruses. The lack of lineage markers, the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and the capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells have led these cells to be classified as a subset of dendritic cells (DCs), called plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs). However, the role of IPCs/PDCs in initiating primary immune responses remains elusive. Here we examined the antigen presenting capacity of murine IPCs in antigen specific systems. While CD8alpha+ and CD11b+ DCs induced logarithmic expansion of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells, without conferring T helper commitment at a first encounter, primary IPCs lacked the ability to stimulate naive T cells. However, when antigen-experienced, nonpolarized T cells expanded by classical DC subsets, were restimulated by IPCs, they proliferated and produced high amounts of IFN-gamma. These data indicate that IPCs can effectively stimulate preactivated or memory-type T cells and exert an immune-regulatory role. They also suggest that expansion of naive T cells and acquisition of effector function during antigen-specific T cell responses may involve different antigen-presenting cell (APC) types. Independent and coordinated control of T cell proliferation and differentiation would provide the immune system with greater flexibility in regulating immune responses.
Robust Road Condition Detection System Using In-Vehicle Standard Sensors (2015)

The appearance of active safety systems, such as Anti-lock Braking System, Traction Control System, Stability Control System, etc., represents a major evolution in road safety. In the automotive sector, the term vehicle active safety systems refers to those whose goal is to help avoid a crash or to reduce the risk of having an accident. These systems safeguard us, being in continuous evolution and incorporating new capabilities continuously. In order for these systems and vehicles to work adequately, they need to know some fundamental information: the road condition on which the vehicle is circulating. This early road detection is intended to allow vehicle control systems to act faster and more suitably, thus obtaining a substantial advantage. In this work, we try to detect the road condition the vehicle is being driven on, using the standard sensors installed in commercial vehicles. Vehicle models were programmed in on-board systems to perform real-time estimations of the forces of contact between the wheel and road and the speed of the vehicle. Subsequently, a fuzzy logic block is used to obtain an index representing the road condition. Finally, an artificial neural network was used to provide the optimal slip for each surface. Simulations and experiments verified the proposed method.
Rhinoorbital and pulmonary zygomycosis post pulmonary aspergilloma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. (2006)

A patient with an 18-year history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed zygomycosis of the orbit, sinuses and nasal bones together with pulmonary fungal nodes due to Absidia corymbifera while on high dose steroids and four months after successful treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma with liposomal amphotericin B followed by oral voriconazole. He was treated successfully with extensive surgical debridement, intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and intravenous itraconazole.
Production of Fine Tantalum Powder by Electrochemical Method (2007)

A fundamental study on producing fine tantalum powder by reducing electrochemically dissolved tantalum ions (Tan+) by dysprosium divalent ions (Dy2+) in molten salt was investigated in order to develop a new process for pulverizing a tantalum ingot to fine powder for electronic devices. A tantalum rod (anode) was immersed in the NaCl–KCl–MgCl2–DyCl2 molten salt at 1000 K, and it was anodically dissolved in this salt. The electrochemically dissolved Tan+ ions were subsequently reduced in situ by Dy2+ ions in the molten salt to produce tantalum powder. The reaction product, Dy3+ ions, generated during the production of tantalum powder, were reduced by either electrochemical or magnesiothermic reduction at the cathode (liquid Mg–Ag alloy) and regenerated to reductant Dy2+ ions. Fine and uniform tantalum powder with an average particle size of around 0.1 μm was directly and successfully obtained from the bulk tantalum under a specific condition. A possible reaction pathway for the reduction of Tan+ ions by Dy2+ ions in the molten salt was discussed with the aid of an isothermal chemical potential diagram of the Ta–Dy–Cl system at 1000 K.
An interactive tool for designing complex robot motion patterns (2009)

Low-cost robots with a large number of degrees of freedom are becoming increasingly popular, nevertheless their programming is still a domain for experts. This paper introduces the Kouretes Motion Editor (KME), a freely-available interactive software tool for designing complex motion patterns on robots with many degrees of freedom using intuitive means. KME allows for a TCP/IP connection to a real or simulated robot, over which various robot poses can be communicated to or from the robot and manipulated locally using the KME graphical user interface. This portability and flexibility enables the user to work under different modes, with different robots, using different host machines. KME is originally designed for the Aldebaran Nao humanoid robot which features a total of 21 degrees of freedom, but can be easily customized for other robots. KME has been employed successfully by Kouretes, the RoboCup team of the Technical University of Crete, for designing various special actions at the RoboCup 2008 competition (Standard Platform League).
Use of Greenfield Filters in Pregnant Women at Risk for Pulmonary Embolism (1997)

A 3-year retrospective study (1992 to 1995) was done to identify all cases of Greenfield filter use in pregnant patients cared for by the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Service of our institution. The patient selection criteria included placement of a Greenfield filter in the index pregnancy or placement of a Greenfield filter before conception and in a patient who subsequently became pregnant. A series of eight pregnant patients with Greenfield filters was identified, the largest to date in a single institution. Management of the pregnant patient at risk for pulmonary embolism or its recurrence is problematic. Hypercoagulability occurs during pregnancy and predisposes the at-risk patient to thromboembolic phenomena such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This study, though limited, indicates that Greenfield filters may be used safely in pregnant women and are effective in preventing pulmonary embolism or its recurrence.
Characterizing and modeling the impact of wireless signal strength on smartphone battery drain (2013)

Despite the tremendous market penetration of smartphones, their utility has been and will remain severely limited by their battery life. A major source of smartphone battery drain is accessing the Internet over cellular or WiFi connection when running various apps and services. Despite much anecdotal evidence of smartphone users experiencing quicker battery drain in poor signal strength, there has been limited understanding of how often smartphone users experience poor signal strength and the quantitative impact of poor signal strength on the phone battery drain. The answers to such questions are essential for diagnosing and improving cellular network services and smartphone battery life and help to build more accurate online power models for smartphones, which are building blocks for energy profiling and optimization of smartphone apps. In this paper, we conduct the first measurement and modeling study of the impact of wireless signal strength on smartphone energy consumption. Our study makes four contributions. First, through analyzing traces collected on 3785 smartphones for at least one month, we show that poor signal strength of both 3G and WiFi is routinely experienced by smartphone users, both spatially and temporally. Second, we quantify the extra energy consumption on data transfer induced by poor wireless signal strength. Third, we develop a new power model for WiFi and 3G that incorporates the signal strength factor and significantly improves the modeling accuracy over the previous state of the art. Finally, we perform what-if analysis to quantify the potential energy savings from opportunistically delaying network traffic by exploring the dynamics of signal strength experienced by users.
Mammographic Findings after Breast Conservation Therapy (1999)

Breast conservation therapy for breast cancer involves lumpectomy or segmental mastectomy followed by radiation therapy. Masses, fluid collections, architectural distortion, scarring, edema, skin thickening, and calcifications are posttreatment findings that may mimic or mask local tumor recurrence. Despite the overlap between posttreatment changes and tumor recurrence, the two entities can usually be distinguished by the characteristic mammographic appearances of posttreatment sequelae and by comparing interval findings on successive studies. Postoperative masses and fluid collections slowly diminish in size and usually resolve by 1 year after surgery. Radiation-induced edema gradually resolves; increasing edema may be due to recurrent cancer. Postsurgical scarring usually appears as a poorly marginated soft-tissue mass with interspersed radiolucent areas. Recurrent cancer is usually seen as a mass with no central radiolucent areas. Pleomorphic and granular microcalcifications are important markers for recurrent cancer and can usually be distinguished from the thick, calcified plaques and elongated dystrophic calcifications associated with scarring.
Thermal Rectification Due to Distortions Induced by Heat Fluxes across Contacts between Smooth Surfaces (1975)

Predictions have been derived for the distribution of true contact area and the associated constriction resistance for a pressed contact between two surfaces which are flat when isothermal but become bowed in the presence of heat fluxes across the contact. Induced thermal strains of the interfacial surfaces can lead to the preferential passage of heat in one direction across the contact. Experimental measurements of the thermal resistance of a contact between a specimen of En58B stainless steel and one of commercially-pure aluminium corroborate this theory. The study has identified some of the mistakes which can be made unconsciously, and remain unrecognized subsequently, in using standard measuring techniques for the thermal resistance of a pressed contact.
Modulation of VEGF production by pH and glucose in retinal Müller cells (1998)

Both glucose and pH significantly affected VEGF production induced by low oxygen. However, neither exerted a measurable stimulatory effect on VEGF production in normoxic conditions. Coexisting hypoxia and acidosis or hypoglycemia, as might occur in severe tissue ischemia, may render glial cells incapable of effectively upregulating VEGF synthesis, while alkalosis or hyperglycemia may augment hypoxia-induced VEGF production.
Advanced engineering mathematics (1998)

PART A: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (ODE'S). Chapter 1. First-Order ODE's. Chapter 2. Second Order Linear ODE's. Chapter 3. Higher Order Linear ODE's. Chapter 4. Systems of ODE's Phase Plane, Qualitative Methods. Chapter 5. Series Solutions of ODE's Special Functions. Chapter 6. Laplace Transforms. PART B: LINEAR ALGEBRA, VECTOR CALCULUS. Chapter 7. Linear Algebra: Matrices, Vectors, Determinants: Linear Systems. Chapter 8. Linear Algebra: Matrix Eigenvalue Problems. Chapter 9. Vector Differential Calculus: Grad, Div, Curl. Chapter 10. Vector Integral Calculus: Integral Theorems. PART C: FOURIER ANALYSIS, PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. Chapter 11. Fourier Series, Integrals, and Transforms. Chapter 12. Partial Differential Equations (PDE's). Chapter 13. Complex Numbers and Functions. Chapter 14. Complex Integration. Chapter 15. Power Series, Taylor Series. Chapter 16. Laurent Series: Residue Integration. Chapter 17. Conformal Mapping. Chapter 18. Complex Analysis and Potential Theory. PART E: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE. Chapter 19. Numerics in General. Chapter 20. Numerical Linear Algebra. Chapter 21. Numerics for ODE's and PDE's. PART F: OPTIMIZATION, GRAPHS. Chapter 22. Unconstrained Optimization: Linear Programming. Chapter 23. Graphs, Combinatorial Optimization. PART G: PROBABILITY STATISTICS. Chapter 24. Data Analysis: Probability Theory. Chapter 25. Mathematical Statistics. Appendix 1: References. Appendix 2: Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems. Appendix 3: Auxiliary Material. Appendix 4: Additional Proofs. Appendix 5: Tables. Index.
Nanoporous BiVO <sub>4</sub> Photoanodes with Dual-Layer Oxygen Evolution Catalysts for Solar Water Splitting (2014)

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has a band structure that is well-suited for potential use as a photoanode in solar water splitting, but it suffers from poor electron-hole separation. Here, we demonstrate that a nanoporous morphology (specific surface area of 31.8 square meters per gram) effectively suppresses bulk carrier recombination without additional doping, manifesting an electron-hole separation yield of 0.90 at 1.23 volts (V) versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). We enhanced the propensity for surface-reaching holes to instigate water-splitting chemistry by serially applying two different oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) layers, FeOOH and NiOOH, which reduces interface recombination at the BiVO4/OEC junction while creating a more favorable Helmholtz layer potential drop at the OEC/electrolyte junction. The resulting BiVO4/FeOOH/NiOOH photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 2.73 milliamps per square centimenter at a potential as low as 0.6 V versus RHE.
Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic Ligands Containing Phosphoryl and Aminoacetal Fragments (2012)

Abstract A method for the synthesis of novel phosphorylated aminoacetals was developed. The latter are involved in Mannich reaction as amine component with calix[4]resorcinol and formaldehyde to form tetrasubstituted macrocycles containing four acetal groups and four phosphonate (phosphine oxide) fragments on the “upper” rim of molecule with high yields.
Phospholipase D2‐derived phosphatidic acid binds to and activates ribosomal p70 S6 kinase independently of mTOR (2007)

The product of phospholipase D (PLD) enzymatic action in cell membranes, phosphatidic acid (PA), regulates kinases implicated in NADPH oxidase activation, as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. However, other protein targets for this lipid second messenger must exist in order to explain other key PA-mediated cellular functions. In this study, PA was found to specifically and saturably bind to and activate recombinant and immunoprecipitated endogenous ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) with a stoichiometry of 94:1 lipid/protein. Polyphosphoinositides PI4-P and PI4,5P2 and cardiolipin could also bind to and activate S6K, albeit with different kinetics. Conversely, PA with at least one acyl side chain saturated (10:0) was ineffective in binding or activating the enzyme. Transfection of COS-7 cells with a wild-type myc-(pcDNA)-PLD2 construct resulted in high PLD activity, concomitantly with an increase in ribosomal p70S6K enzyme activity and phosphorylation in T389 and T421/S424 as well as phosphorylation of p70S6K's natural substrate S6 protein in S235/S236. Overexpression of a lipase inactive mutant (K758R), however, failed to induce an increase in both PLD and S6K activity or phosphorylation, indicating that the enzymatic activity of PLD2 (i.e., synthesis of PA) must be present to affect S6K. Neither inhibiting mTOR kinase activity with rapamycin nor silencing mTOR gene expression altered the augmentative effect of PLD2 exerted on p70S6K activity. This finding indicates that PA binds to and activates p70S6K, even in the absence of mTOR. Lastly, COS-7 transfection with PLD2 changed the pattern of subcellular expression, and a colocalization of S6K and PLD2 was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. These results show for the first time a direct (mTOR-independent) participation of PLD in the p70S6K pathway and implicate PA as a nexus that brings together cell phospholipases and kinases.
Multilevel data-fusion for detection of moving objects (2003)

A knowledge-based vision system called DOORS (Distributed Object-Oriented Recognition System), for obstacle detection and tracking, is presented. It integrates multisensory information sources by adaptively selecting appropriate fusion strategies at the abstraction levels of both physical and virtual sensors. The basic methodology adopted for data representation and processing control has several points in common with object-oriented programming techniques and with blackboard approaches. Some preliminary results are presented for the case of an obstacle moving on a country-road scene.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Primary Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (2011)

RFA may provide successful local tumor control in patients with primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas of intermediate (3-5 cm) or small (< 3 cm) diameter. RFA for unresectable primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma resulted in a median overall survival period of 38.5 months.
An Al <i>p</i>-silicon MOS photovoltaic cell (1975)

An MOS photovoltaic diode, consisting of Al on p-type silicon with a thin interfacial layer of SiO2, has been found to have good conversion efficiency for solar radiation. Measurements of capacitance versus voltage, current versus voltage, and photocurrent per absorbed photon indicate a most probable surface barrier height of 0.85 eV, approximately twice as large as that for the normal Al p-type silicon diode. A single-layer antireflection coating of silicon monoxide or zinc sulfide was found to increase the short-circuit current by approximately 50%. Double-layer coatings of zinc sulfide over silicon monoxide gave nearly the same increase with a shift of the maximum diode response to the near infrared. Absolute light-conversion efficiencies of 8% at one sunlight level were obtained with short-circuit current densities as high as 26.5 mA/cm2.
Natural polysaccharides as targeting tools of drugs to the human colon (2000)

The ability to deliver drugs to the human colon in a specific manner has become feasible in the last decade. A variety of means, including protective coats and pH-dependent polymers, are currently in use. Utilization of the metabolic activity of the colon is an attractive implement to improve the drug carriers' specificity. Biodegradable polymers, which are cleaved by colonic enzymes, can be used for that purpose. The mechanism of choice is azo-reduction and glycosidic-bond hydrolysis. In this review, some of the most common approaches to target drugs to the colon are reviewed and special attention is paid to modified polysaccharides as potential drug carriers to the human colon. Drug Dev. Res. 50:435–439, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mobile IP: Security & application (1999)

As required in the TGS Mobile IP Advanced Module, this paper presents a survey of common security threats which mobile IP networks are exposed to as well as some proposed solutions to deal with such threats.
Silylethynylated Anthracene Derivatives for use in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2005)

We have prepared a series of trialkylsilylethynylated anthracenes (a–d) to investigate the effects of solid-state interactions and acene substitution on the electroluminescence spectra of OLED devices. We designed these materials to have differing amounts of π-face interactions and various film morphologies. We were particularly interested in intermolecular interactions between aromatic faces, which would manifest in the electroluminescence spectrum as a bathochromic shift and broadening of the emission peak when compared to the solution photoluminescence spectrum. The anthracene derivatives with no electronic interactions, as determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, produced devices that showed no bathochromic shift and better efficiencies.
Growth-Regulating Action of Brassinolide in Rice Plants (1991)

Brassinolide increased the grain weight and the percentage of ripened grains in rice plants. Brassinolide treatment promoted assimilation of 14C in leaf blades and successive translocation of the radioactive assimilate into panicles. Accumulation of starch in panicles was enhanced by brassinolide treatment. The effect of brassinolide on the ripening of rice plants may be attributed to the enhancement of the synthesis and translocation of photosynthetic products. It was found that brassinolide treatment altered the levels of endogenous indole acetic acid and abscisic acid in panicles.