gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Mode Competition and Asymmetric Gain Saturation in Semiconductor Injection Lasers. II. Theory (1988)

Gain saturation in semiconductor lasers is analyzed using a density matrix formalism. A refined treatment of the density matrix formalism reveals that nonlinear gain has a component which is asymmetric with respect to the lasing frequency. The asymmetric component originates from refractive-index modulation due to a carrier-density pulsation induced by the optical-intensity beat. Based on the analysis, mode competition behavior is numerically examined using appropriate values of the linewidth enhancement factor and the intraband relaxation time. It is shown that the output power decreases at mode jumping from a shorter to a longer wavelength mode while it increases at mode jumping toward shorter wavelengths. The results agree with the features of the mode competition behavior observed in transverse-mode-controlled AlGaAs lasers.
The human apolipoprotein C-II gene sequence contains a novel chromosome 19-specific minisatellite in its third intron. (1987)

The human apolipoprotein C-II gene was sequenced and found to contain four exons and three introns, with a major transcription initiation site located 26 base pairs downstream from a TATA sequence element. The third intron was found to be composed almost entirely of a novel 37-base pair minisatellite that is repeated six times. The minisatellite sequence was found to be present in approximately 60 different genomic locations. The minisatellite DNA sequence at three of these loci were compared and found to be highly conserved. In situ hybridization indicated that the minisatellite loci were clustered in the q13.3 band of chromosome 19. This is the first example of a chromosome- and band-specific repetitive element in the mammalian genome.
On parallelizing and optimizing the implementation of communication protocols (1996)

We present a method for the automatic derivation of efficient protocol implementations from a formal specification. Optimized efficient protocol implementation has become an important issue in telecommunications systems engineering as recently network throughput has increased much faster than computer processing power. Efficiency will be attained by two measures. First, the inherent parallelism in protocol specifications will be exploited. Second, the order of execution of the operations involved in the processing of the protocol data will be allowed to differ from the order prescribed in the specification, thus allowing operations to be executed jointly and more efficiently. The method will be defined formally which is useful when implementing it as a tool.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Affects Perinatal Lethality and Postnatal Development in a Gene Dosage-Dependent Manner: Manipulation Using the Cre/loxP System in Transgenic Mice (1998)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is essential for cell growth, differentiation and postnatal development. A null mutation in igf-1 causes intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal lethality. The present study was designed to test the lower limit of igf-1 gene dosage that ensures survival and postnatal growth by using the Cre/loxP system. Mice with variable reductions in IGF-I levels were generated by crossing EIIa-cre transgenic mice and mice with loxP-flanked igf-1 locus (igf-1/flox). EIIa-cre mice express bacteriophage P1 Cre (causes recombination) recombinase under the adenovirus promoter EIIa, during early embryonic development before implantation, and cause genomic recombination of the igf-1/flox locus. Mice with the most extensive recombination die immediately after birth, while the survivors have significant growth retardation in proportion to the reduction in their igf-1 gene. Interestingly, this gene dosage effect on body weight was not very significant before weaning. However, when the young animals were weaned at 3 weeks, the igf-1 gene dosage was the only independent predictor of the weight gain between 3 and 6 weeks among the parameters tested. Although growth retarded, mice with Cre-induced partial igf-1 deficiency were fertile and gave birth to null mice. Thus Cre-induced genomic recombination using the EIIa promoter occurs during development and creates distinct phenotypes compared with the conventional null mutation. This variability allows for postnatal survival and will enable one to begin to explore the role of the endocrine vs. paracrine effects of IGF-I.
Preparation of Deuterized Raney Nickel and Selective Deuteration of the Triple Bond<sup>2</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Deuterized Raney Nickel and Selective Deuteration of the Triple Bond2N. A. KhanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 12, 3018–3022Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01132a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (738 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A higher level hardware design verification (2003)

A novel approach to formal verification of computer hardware designs at a higher level of representation than the register-transfer level is presented. In this verification method, the specification of a digital system is defined as the input/output behavior of the external systems that communicate with the target system. The specification description called a cospecification and the implementation description called an FBL (functional block level) description are transformed into a hardware model representation and composed by connecting their related ports in the hardware model. Whether the design is correct or not is verified by producing state transitions of the composite system. This verification method requires only input/output relations between the cospecification description and the FBL description. This feature makes it suitable for verification of a higher-level design in which implementation details may not be explicit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microalgae culture collection, 1986-1987 (1986)

The SERI Microalgae Culture Collection provides a repository for strains identified or developed for mass culture biomass production and makes these strains readily available to the research community. The strains in the collection have been selected for their potential in biomass fuel applications, and many produce significant quantities of cellular storage lipids. All of the newly added strains have been recently isolated by SERI and its subcontractors in organized screening programs. Many have been tested in outdoor mass culture systems, and several have demonstrated excellent performance as biomass producers. The strains added to the collection this year have been isolated from inland saline waters and marine waters. We believe that the strains in this collection can provide a source of extremely useful organisms, both for laboratory experimentation and for mass culture research. Most of the strains are currently nonaxenic. Again this year, cultures will be shipped free of charge to interested researchers. An important function of the culture collection catalog, in addition to listing the available strains, is to provide culture and performance data for each of the organisms. By collecting a summary of the requirements and characteristics of these organisms, we hope to allow requestors of cultures to begin productive research with a minimum of preliminary work on culture techniques.
Photochemistry of azocyclopropane (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of azocyclopropanePaul S. Engel and Gregory A. BodagerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 20, 4748–4758Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00255a016Request reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of K‐<i>ras</i> codon 12 mutations and p53 overexpression in colorectal nodule‐aggregating tumors (2000)

The colorectal nodule-aggregating tumor has distinctive characteristics showing a morphological phenotype of the superficial-type tumors and genotype of the polypoid tumors in terms of K-ras gene mutation and p53 overexpression.
The SEA module: A new extracellular domain associated with <i>O</i>‐glycosylation (1995)

Using a variety of homology search methods and multiple alignments, a new extracellular module was identified in (1) agrin, (2) enterokinase, (3) a 63-kDa sea urchin sperm protein, (4) perlecan, (5) the breast cancer marker MUCI (episialin), (6) the cell surface antigen 114/A10, and (7/8) two functionally uncharacterized, probably extracellular, Caenorhabditis elegans proteins. Despite the functional diversity of these adhesive proteins, a common denominator seems to be their existence in heavily glycosylated environments. In addition, the better characterized proteins mentioned above contain all O-glycosidic-linked carbohydrates such as heparan sulfate that contribute considerably to their molecular masses. The common module might regulate or assist binding to neighboring carbohydrate moieties.
A modified partial transmit sequence with PAPR reduction and error correction in 16-QAM OFDM systems (2009)

In this paper, we propose a PAPR reduction method for a 16-QAM OFDM system by combining the BCM scheme with PTS technique, called BCM-PTS. We use four binary Reed-Muller codes as the BCM component codes to construct a 16-QAM BCM code and decompose this code as direct sum of a correction subcode for encoding information bits and a scrambling subcode for encoding PAPR bits. The PAPR bits are reserved in the fourth component code to generate a number of candidates for PAPR control. We consider the PAPR performance for Reed-Muller codes in natural and cyclic ordering, respectively. Numerical results show that our proposed method has better PAPR statistics than the original PTS technique in the 16-QAM OFDM systems.
Objective Speech Quality Assessment Based on Payload Discrimination of Lost Packets for Cellular Phones in NGN Environment (2008)

A feature of services provided in a Next Generation Network (NGN) is that the end-to-end quality is guaranteed. This is quite a challenging issue, given the considerable fluctuation in network conditions within a Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) network. Therefore, a novel approach, whereby a network node and a mobile terminal such as a cellular phone cooperate with each other to control service quality is essential. In order to achieve such cooperation, the mobile terminal needs to become more intelligent so it can estimate the service quality, including the user's perceptual quality, and notify the measurement result to the network node. Subsequently, the network node implements some kind of service control function, such as a resource and admission control function, based on the notification from the mobile terminal. In this paper, the role of the mobile terminal in such collaborative system is focused on. As a part of a QoS/QoE measurement system, we describe an objective speech quality assessment with payload discrimination of lost packets to measure the user's perceptual quality of VoIP. The proposed assessment is so simple that it can be implemented on a cellular phone. We therefore did this as part of the QoS/QoE measurement system. By using the implemented system, we can measure the user's perceptual quality of VoIP as well as the network QoS metrics, in terms of criteria such as packet loss rate, jitter and burstiness in real time.
Collagen Fibers, Reticular Fibers and Elastic Fibers. A Comprehensive Understanding from a Morphological Viewpoint. (2002)

Fibrous components of the extracellular matrix are light-microscopically classified into three types of fibers: collagen, reticular and elastic. The present study reviews the ultrastructure of these fibrous components as based on our previous studies by light, electron, and atomic force microscopy. Collagen fibers present a cord- or tape-shape 1-20 microm wide and run a wavy course in tissues. These fibers consist of closely packed thin collagen fibrils (30-100 nm thick in ordinary tissues of mammals), and exhibit splitting and joining in altering the number of the fibrils to form a three-dimensional network as a whole. Individual collagen fibrils (i.e., unit fibrils) in collagen fibers have a characteristic D-banding pattern whose length is ranges from 64 to 67 nm, depending on tissues and organs. During fibrogenesis, collagen fibrils are considered to be produced by fusing short and thin fibrils with tapered ends. Reticular fibers are usually observed as a delicate meshwork of fine fibrils stained black by the silver impregnation method. They usually underlie the epithelium and cover the surface of such cells of muscle cells, adipose cells and Schwann cells. Electronmicroscopically, reticular fibers are observed as individual collagen fibrils or a small bundle of the fibrils, although the diameter of the fibrils is thin (about 30 nm) and uniform. Reticular fibers are continuous with collagen fibers through the exchange of these collagen fibrils. In silver-impregnated specimens, individual fibrils in reticular fibers are densely coated with coarse metal particles, probably due to the high content of glycoproteins around the fibrils. Elastic fibers and laminae are composed of microfibrils and elastin components. Observations of the extracted elastin have revealed that elastin components are comprised of elastin fibrils about 0.1-0.2 microm thick. Elastic fibers and laminae are continuous with networks and/or bundles of microfibrils (or oxytalan fibers), and form an elastic network specific to individual tissues. The fibrous components of the extracellular matrix are thereby morphologically categorized into two systems: the collagen fibrillar system as a supporting framework of tissues and cells, and the microfibrilelastin system for uniformly distributing stress to maintain the resilience adapted to local tissue requirements.
Silicon Oxynitride As A Barrier Layer In A 3-Layer Photoresist System (1985)

A plasma-enhanced chemically vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon oxynitride (Si-O-N) was used in a 3-layer resist system in combination with a 0.42 na lens to provide device process developers with a means for extending photolithography down to 0.5 pm feature size. This delayed the need for using more expensive lithography alternatives. In this paper, the procedures used for forming the 3-layer structure are outlined. Typical plasma deposition conditions are cited. Results from the comparison among Si-N-0 films of differing composition are described in terms of refractive index, stress, and pinhole densities for varying ratios of S:N:O. Etch rates and their ratios pertinent to transferring the image into base resist are reported. Lift-off profiles were obtained and a pol*mide was used for a base which remains soluble in common solvents after being baked at 200<sup>o</sup>C. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of sub-micron image profiles are shown and linewidth measurement data are presented to show linewidth precision and constant bias into the 0.7 μm range. The latter demonstrates the adequacy of this technique for sub-micron device development.
In dialogue with Robert and Rita Resnick (2013)

This dialogue is based on an interview that was conducted by video on June 16, 2012 for Australia Counselling Directory, originally titled: Two Become One and Then There are None: Moving From a Fusion Model to a Connection Model in Couples Therapy.
Test and measurement equipment adopts computer industry standards (2003)

Test-and-measurement engineers involved in measurement, automation and product test can significantly benefit from rapid developments in the general computer industry. Relevant computer-standard technologies, applied to the test, measurement and automation industry's solutions, instruments and systems, bring a wealth of vital, new and innovative capabilities to the users of such equipment. Use of computer-standard technologies also results in reduced equipment costs, dramatically improved ease of use, consistency between instruments, simpler and more powerful software solutions, and accelerated equipment time-to-market.
Microfluidic Generation of Lipidic Mesophases for Membrane Protein Crystallization (2009)

We report on a microfluidic method for the formation of aqueous/lipid mesophases to enable screening of suitable crystallization conditions of membrane proteins from a membrane-like phase in sub-20 nanoliter volumes. This integrated microfluidic chip and the employed mixing strategy address the specific challenges associated with the mixing of fluids of highly different viscosities (here a factor of 30) as well as the non-Newtonian character of the resulting mesophases. The chip requires less than 20 nL of material per condition screened whereas typically on the order of 10 μL or more is needed for a batch preparation in the present screening methods. We validated our approach with the successful crystallization of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin.
Diastereoselective ring-opening aldol-type reaction of 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters with carbonyl compounds. 1. Synthesis of cis 3,4-substituted .gamma.-lactones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselective ring-opening aldol-type reaction of 2,2-dialkoxycyclopropanecarboxylic esters with carbonyl compounds. 1. Synthesis of cis 3,4-substituted .gamma.-lactonesShigeru Shimada, Yukihiko Hashimoto, Atsushi Sudo, Masaki Hasegawa, and Kazuhiko SaigoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7126–7133Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ribosomal proteins: functions beyond the ribosome (2015)

Although ribosomal proteins are known for playing an essential role in ribosome assembly and protein translation, their ribosome-independent functions have also been greatly appreciated. Over the past decade, more than a dozen of ribosomal proteins have been found to activate the tumor suppressor p53 pathway in response to ribosomal stress. In addition, these ribosomal proteins are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. This review is composed to overview the current understanding of how ribosomal stress provokes the accumulation of ribosome-free ribosomal proteins, as well as the ribosome-independent functions of ribosomal proteins in tumorigenesis, immune signaling, and development. We also propose the potential of applying these pieces of knowledge to the development of ribosomal stress-based cancer therapeutics.
Electron cyclotron resonance applicator of the Wilkinson microwave power divider type for large diameter ion sources (1998)

We have designed and tested a new model of coaxial 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source based on the splitting of the microwave power traveling along a coaxial line into a set of periodically distributed antennas. Our motivation was the study of the scaling-up feasibility of a coaxially fed ion source in which it is desirable to circumvent the transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) mode conversion into azimuthally unsymmetrical higher-order modes. Another important characteristic of this source is the possible incorporation of permanent magnets into the individual antennas in order to create the ECR zones around the latter. The validity of these concepts was tested on a 5 cm in external diameter coaxial ECR ion source in which the single thick coaxial antenna was replaced by a set of quarter wavelength magnetized rod antennas in order to enhance the magnetic field created by the external splitted ring magnets. For an incident power of 100 W and an argon pressure of 1.2×10−4 mbar, a 500 eV singly charged ion beam with a current density of 1 mA/cm2 was delivered through an accel-decel set of grids. Implementation of a scaled-up 20 cm in diameter ion source is in progress.