gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic-Scale Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals With a Very Low Thermal Conductivity to Design Crystalline Thermoelectric Devices (2009)

Superlattices with thermal-insulating behaviors have been studied to design thermoelectric materials but affect heat transfer in only one main direction and often show many cracks and dislocations near their layer interfaces. Quantum-dot (QD) self-assembly is an emerging epitaxial technology to design ultradense arrays of germanium QDs in silicon for many promising electronic and photonic applications such as quantum computing, where accurate QD positioning is required. We theoretically demonstrate that high-density three-dimensional (3D) arrays of molecular-size self-assembled Ge QDs in Si can also show very low thermal conductivity in the three spatial directions. This physical property can be considered in designing new silicon-based crystalline thermoelectric devices, which are compatible with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. To obtain a computationally manageable model of these nanomaterials, we investigate their thermal-insulating behavior with atomic-scale 3D phononic crystals: A phononic-crystal period or supercell consists of diamond-cubic (DC) Si cells. At each supercell center, we substitute Si atoms by Ge atoms in a given number of DC unit cells to form a boxlike nanoparticle (i.e., QD). The nanomaterial thermal conductivity can be reduced by several orders of magnitude compared with bulk Si. A part of this reduction is due to the significant decrease in the phonon group velocities derived from the flat dispersion curves, which are computed with classical lattice dynamics. Moreover, according to the wave-particle duality at small scales, another reduction is obtained from multiple scattering of the particlelike phonons in nanoparticle clusters, which breaks their mean free paths (MFPs) in the 3D nanoparticle array. However, we use an incoherent analytical model of this particlelike scattering. This model leads to overestimations of the MFPs and thermal conductivity, which is nevertheless lower than the minimal Einstein limit of bulk Si and is reduced by a factor of at least 165 compared with bulk Si in an example nanomaterial. We expect an even larger decrease in the thermal conductivity than that predicted in this paper owing to multiple scattering, which can lead to a ZT much larger than unity.
Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O/Concentrated H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: An Efficient Catalyst for Esterification (2004)

The mixed catalyst system, Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·4H 2 O / concentrated H 2 SO 4 has been applied to catalyse effectively the esterification of α,β-unsaturated acids, aliphatic acids and heterocyclic aromatic acids with ethanol and methanol.
SULFOMYCINS, A SERIES OF NEW SULFUR-CONTAINING ANTIBIOTICS. I (1969)

Isolation of a series of antibiotics produced by a new variety of Streptomyces viridochromogenes was attempted, and three main components were obtained as amorphous powders. They were primarily active against Grampositive bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasma and characterized as new members of sulfur-containing peptidic antibiotics. The antibiotic complex was named sulfomycin.
Liposomes: From a Clinically Established Drug Delivery System to a Nanoparticle Platform for Theranostic Nanomedicine (2011)

For decades, clinicians have used liposomes, self-assembled lipid vesicles, as nanoscale systems to deliver encapsulated anthracycline molecules for cancer treatment. The more recent proposition to combine liposomes with nanoparticles remains at the preclinical development stages; however, such hybrid constructs present great opportunities to engineer theranostic nanoscale delivery systems, which can combine simultaneous therapeutic and imaging functions. Many novel nanoparticles of varying chemical compositions are being developed in nanotechnology laboratories, but further chemical modification is often required to make these structures compatible with the biological milieu in vitro and in vivo. Such nanoparticles have shown promise as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and generally offer a large surface area that allows covalent and non-covalent surface functionalization with hydrophilic polymers, therapeutic moieties, and targeting ligands. In most cases, such surface manipulation diminishes the theranostic properties of nanoparticles and makes them less stable. From our perspective, liposomes offer structural features that can make nanoparticles biocompatible and present a clinically proven, versatile platform for further enhancement of the pharmacological and diagnostic efficacy of nanoparticles. In this Account, we describe two examples of liposome-nanoparticle hybrids developed as theranostics: liposome-quantum dot hybrids loaded with a cytotoxic drug (doxorubicin) and artificially enveloped adenoviruses. We incorporated quantum dots into lipid bilayers, which rendered them dispersible in physiological conditions. This overall vesicular structure allowed them to be loaded with doxorubicin molecules. These structures exhibited cytotoxic activity and labeled cells both in vitro and in vivo. In an alternative design, lipid bilayers assembled around non-enveloped viral nanoparticles and altered their infection tropism in vitro and in vivo with no chemical or genetic capsid modifications. Overall, we have attempted to illustrate how alternative strategies to incorporate nanoparticles into liposomal nanostructures can overcome some of the shortcomings of nanoparticles. Such hybrid structures could offer diagnostic and therapeutic combinations suitable for biomedical and even clinical applications.
Measurement of Pore Characteristics in Nonwoven Fabrics Using Image Analysis (1996)

In evaluating the performance of nonwoven fabrics, pore characteristics provide important information concerning fluid permeability, filtration and mechanical properties of the fabrics. This paper reports new approaches of measuring pore characteristics using image analysis. The image processing techniques for identifying pore regions are addressed. The image analysis techniques are presented for pore characterization from four aspects: size, shape, orientation and placement. A new approach to estimate parameters of a theoretical model proposed by Lombard, et al. (1989) for prediction of pore size distribution is also introduced. Two sets of nonwoven fabrics with different fiber contents and different weights per unit area are investigated using these techniques.
SOLO SONGS (1962)

Journal Article SOLO SONGS Get access Béla Bart´k, Five Songs, Op. 15. ( Universal Edition, London, 1961, 13s. 6d.) Luciano Berio, Circles, for female voice, harp and percussion. Score. ( Universal Edition, London, 1961, 21s.) Harrison Birtwhistle, Monody for Corpus Christi, for soprano, flute, violin and horn. Score. ( Universal Edition, London, 1961, 12s. 6d.) P. Courbois, Dom Quichotte. Cantata for voice and orchestra, ed. by Fernand Oubradous. Piano score. ( Éditions Musicales Transatlan-tiques, Paris; United Music Publishers, London, 1958, 10s.) Joseph Haydn, Miseri noi, misera patria, for soprano and orchestra, ed. by H. C. Robbins Landon. Score. ( Doblinger, Vienna & Munich, 1960, 17s. 6d.) Dieter Schoenbach, Canticum psalmi resurrectionis, for soprano, six instruments and percussion. Miniature score. ( Universal Edition, London, 1960, 7s. 6d.) E. R. E. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 43, Issue 2, April 1962, Pages 190–191, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/43.2.190 Published: 01 April 1962
Distribution Line Communications Using CSMA Access Control with Priority Acknowledgements (1989)

The authors describe the use and performance of CSMA (carrier-sense multiple access) with priority acknowledgements for medium access control on distribution power line communication networks. Such networks suffer from highly variable, ever-changing, and unpredictable signal-to-noise ratio. The architecture of the CSMA implementation is described, along with its advantages relative to other access control schemes. The best packet length, in terms of throughput maximization, was found to approximate 1000 bits. Delay-throughput performance is measured, and the particular effects on performance of the power-line channel behavior are ascertained. Extensive tests were conducted on intrabuilding lines using channel bit rates from 1200 to 19200 bits/s, with FSK (frequency-shift keying) and spread-spectrum PSK (phase-shift keying) modems transmitting at 3 V RMS at frequencies ranging from 40 to 120 kHz. The reported results include potentially difficult cases involving transmission across power phases. >
LTE location technologies and delivery solutions (2013)

With the rapid growth of mobile communication systems, user location is proving to be an important asset for end users, operators, application service providers, enterprises, public safety and law enforcement officials, and others. There are a vast number of applications and use cases that exploit location capabilities, each with a diverse set of needs and requirements in terms of accuracy, latency, and scalability. Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology offers multiple methods for determining and delivering location information. The method chosen must meet and be tailored to the needs of the application and use case for which it is being designed. In this paper, we will discuss location determination and delivery methods in LTE, realizable and simple network architectures necessary to support them, and offer a comparative analysis and recommendations. We will also address representative use cases, their requirements, and solutions.
Roles of motility, chemotaxis, and penetration through and growth in intestinal mucus in the ability of an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium to colonize the large intestine of streptomycin-treated mice (1988)

Previously, it had been shown that an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium, SL5316, with wild-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a far better colonizer of the streptomycin-treated CD-1 mouse large intestine, was far more motile, did not bind to mouse intestinal mucus nearly as well as, but penetrated through a layer of intestinal mucus in vitro far better than an almost isogenic LPS-deficient transductant, SL5325. In the present investigation, a nonflagellated transductant, SL5681, and a nonchemotactic transductant, SL5784, were isolated from SL5316 and tested for relative colonizing ability versus SL5316 (smooth) and SL5325 (rough) in streptomycin-treated mice. In addition, the Salmonella strains were tested for their ability to grow together in cecal intestinal mucus and in cecal luminal contents, for their tumbling and swimming activities after growth in cecal mucus, and for their ability to adhere to and travel through cecal mucus in vitro. The data show that the nonflagellated and nonchemotactic derivatives colonized large intestine nearly as well as their parent and were far better colonizers than the LPS-deficient mutant, that all the strains grew equally well in cecal mucus but did not grow in cecal luminal contents, and that cecal mucus-grown strains lost tumbling and swimming activities. Furthermore, the LPS-deficient strain adhered to cecal mucus far better but penetrated mucus far worse than did the nonflagellated transductant, the nonchemotactic transductant, and the parent. Thus, motility and chemotaxis do not appear to play a major role in the ability of the avirulent S. typhimurium strains to colonize the mouse large intestine, colonization may require growth in cecal mucus but does not depend on growth in cecal luminal contents, growth in cecal mucus inhibits S. typhimurium motility, and increased adhesion of the LPS-deficient mutant to cecal mucus and its poor ability to penetrate cecal mucus may play a role in its poor intestine-colonizing ability.
Active Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation (2000)

MT is effective on motor, affective, and behavioral functions. We propose active MT as a new method for inclusion in PD rehabilitation programs.
Alkyl sulfonyl derivatized PAMAM-G2dendrimers as nonviral gene delivery vectors with improved transfection efficiencies (2010)

Amphiphilic dendrimer-based gene delivery vectors bearing peripheral alkyl sulfonyl hydrophobic tails were constructed using low-generation PAMAM-G2 as the core and functionalized by means of the aza-Michael type addition of its primary amino groups to vinylsulfone derivatives as an efficient tool for surface engineering. While the unmodified PAMAM-G2 was unable to efficiently transfect eukaryotic cells, functionalized PAMAM-G2 dendrimers were able to bind DNA at low N/P ratios, protect DNA from digestion with DNase I and showed high transfection efficiencies and low cytotoxicity. Dendrimers with a C18 alkyl chain produced transfection efficiencies up to 3.1 fold higher than LipofectAMINE™ 2000 in CHO-k1 cells. The dendriplexes based in functionalized PAMAM-G2 also showed the ability to retain their transfection properties in the presence of serum and the ability to transfect different eukaryotic cell lines such as Neuro-2A and RAW 264.7. Taking advantage of the vinylsulfone chemistry, fluorescent PAMAM-G2 derivatives of these vectors were prepared as molecular probes to determine cellular uptake and internalization through a clathrin-independent mechanism.
The roles of gender, the menopause and hormone replacement on cardiovascular function (2000)

Time for primary review 22 days. 

While it is recognised that gender differences exist in cardiovascular disease, it has only recently been appreciated that significant gender differences also exist in cardiovascular function. Ageing is associated with a different spectrum of cardiac and vascular maladaptations in women compared to men. These differences may contribute to poorer outcome in women affected by ischaemic disease compared to men as well as the higher prevalence of symptomatic cardiac failure seen in women. The most obvious gender-related difference in physiological ageing is the menopause in women. The relation of this ‘event’ to cardiovascular disease has generated much controversy, especially with respect to hormone replacement therapy in the management of cardiac patients. Controversy also exists in the role of declining androgen levels in men with age and the advisability of testosterone supplementation in men. This review will examine gender differences which become apparent due to ageing, as well as the specific effect of the menopause and hormone replacement on cardiac and vascular structure and function. It will also summarise the impact of these physiological and epidemiological differences on the expression of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Studies examining the role of gender and hormone withdrawal and administration in animal studies will also be summarised. Limitations in current research and recommendations for future areas of research are put forward.

Because of the higher cardiac mortality in men compared to women until late in life [1], most early studies focused exclusively on that gender. Women have been excluded from research protocols during childbearing years and in old age because of co-morbidities [2]. Recently research emphasis has shifted in line with the recognition that cardiovascular disease remains the most prevalent illness affecting women and remains the most frequent cause of female death in most Western nations … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-171-351-8112; fax: +44-171-823-3392 peter.collins{at}ic.ac.uk
The 5′ splice site: phylogetic evalution and variable geometry of association with U1RNA (1989)

The 5' splice site sequences of 3294 introns from various organisms (1-672) were analyzed in order to determine the rules governing evolution of this sequence, which may shed light on the mechanism of cleavage at the exon-intron junction. The data indicate that, currently, in all organisms, a common sequence 1GUAAG6U and its derivatives are used as well as an additional sequence and its derivatives, which differ in metazoa (G/1GUgAG6U), lower eucaryotes (1GUAxG6U) and higher plants (AG/1GU3A). They all partly resemble the prototype sequence AG/1GUAAG6U whose 8 contigous nucleotides are complementary to the nucleotides 4-11 of U1RNA, which are perfectly conserved in the course of phylogenetic evolution. Detailed examination of the data shows that U1RNA can recognize different parts of 5' splice sites. As a rule, either prototype nucleotides at position -2 and -1 or at positions 4, 5 or 6 or at positions 3-4 are dispensable provided that the stability of the U1RNA-5' splice site hybrid is conserved. On the basis of frequency of sequences, the optimal size of the hybridizable region is 5-7 nucleotides. Thus, the cleavage at the exon-intron junction seems to imply, first, that the 5' splice site is recognized by U1RNA according to a "variable geometry" program; second, that the precise cleavage site is determined by the conserved sequence of U1RNA since it occurs exactly opposite to the junction between nucleotides C9 and C10 of U1RNA. The variable geometry of the U1RNA-5' splice site association provides flexibility to the system and allows diversification in the course of phylogenetic evolution.
alpha-Methylglucoside satisfies only Na+-dependent transport system of intestinal epithelium (1981)

The unidirectional influx of alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG) by isolated chicken intestinal epithelial cells is 98% inhibited by phlorizin. The remaining 2% of the total influx occurs in the absence of Na+, is not sensitive to phloretin, and is equal to the diffusional entry rate for 2-deoxyglucose. The glucoside is much more strongly accumulated (75-fold) than 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) (10-fold). Inhibitors of the serosal sugar carrier (phloretin, cytochalasin B, theophylline, and flavanoids) do not enhance alpha-MG accumulation. It is concluded that the glycoside is not a substrate for the intestinal serosal transport system. Steady-state gradients of the sugar can be represented accurately by a concentrative, phlorizin-sensitive system that is opposed by a diffusional efflux process.
An innovative perturb, observe and check algorithm for partially shaded PV systems (2009)

The performance of every photovoltaic (PV) module constituting a PV system can be slightly or strongly different from each other. This factual functioning of PV systems results in some new effects to bear in mind, including the appearance of new peak power points on the output P-V characteristic. However, traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control methods do not manage these phenomena and can get lost easily. Even though many papers have been reported recently in relation to new MPPT control techniques, none of these solves satisfactorily the problem of local Maximum Power Points (MPPs). In fact, despite their complexity, the operating point is likely to converge on a local MPP under certain conditions reducing significantly the global efficiency of the PV system. In order to overcome this drawback, a new MPPT is proposed consisting of a traditional Perturb & Observe (PO) algorithm but improved with a second stage able to detect these anomalies on the PV generator curve. With this aim, the casuistry of the problem of local MPPs has been analyzed in depth. From the obtained conclusions a new checking stage has been developed and tested. The experimental results carried out have shown not only the capability to find the real MPP under any circumstance but also the facility to get it in a fast and reliable way.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural on Ni−P, Ni−B, and Ni−P−B Ultrafine Materials (1999)

A series of ultafine Ni−P, Ni−B, and Ni−P−B amorphous alloy catalysts with various atomic ratios were prepared by a chemical reduction method. The catalysts were characterized with respect to elemental analysis, nitrogen sorption, XRD, TEM, XPS, and hydrogenation activity. Conventional Raney nickel was included for comparison. The Ni/P/B molar ratio in the starting material significantly affected the concentration of boron and phosphorus bonded to the nickel metal, subsequently affecting the surface area, the amorphous structure, and the hydrogenation activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The different electron transfer between nickel metal and the metalloid elements in Ni−P and Ni−B powders (phosphorus draws electrons and boron donates electrons) results in the extremely different hydrogenation activity of furfural (specific activity per surface area: Ni85.0P15.0 ≫ Ni71.4B28.9). By regulating a suitable P/B ratio, the ultrafine Ni−P−B catalyst dramatically revealed a markedly higher hydrogenation activity of furfural than Ni−P and Ni−B. The specific activities per surface area of the catalyst are in the order Ni74.5P12.1B13.4 > Ni72.5P2.0B25.5 > Ni85.0P15.0 ≫ Ni71.4B28.9 > Raney nickel. The phosphorus is an active component to improve the selectivity of furfuryl alcohol. The hydrogenation of furfural is catalyzed actively by the Ni−Px−By catalysts, following the first order with respect to the concentration of furfural. The nature of the ultrafine amorphous structure and the P/B ratio are the keys to manipulate the catalytic properties of Ni−Px−By amorphous alloy catalysts.
A manifold regularization approach to calibration reduction for sensor-network based tracking (2006)

The ability to accurately detect the location of a mobile node in a sensor network is important for many artificial intelligence (AI) tasks that range from robotics to context-aware computing. Many previous approaches to the location-estimation problem assume the availability of calibrated data. However, to obtain such data requires great effort. In this paper, we present a manifold regularization approach known as LeMan to calibration-effort reduction for tracking a mobile node in a wireless sensor network. We compute a subspace mapping function between the signal space and the physical space by using a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. This mapping function can be used online to determine the location of mobile nodes in a sensor network based on the signals received. We use Crossbow MICA2 to setup the network and USB camera array to obtain the ground truth. Experimental results show that we can achieve a higher accuracy with much less calibration effort as compared to several previous systems.
Diamine and Diammonium Extractants (1995)

The application of di-tertiary amines and di-quaternary ammonium salts as extractants for metal ion separation is discussed. The versatility of the di-tertiary amines is illustrated. In these cases, two extraction mechanisms are postulated to coincide with the low and high pH conditions employed in the aqueous phases. The advantages in applying these two mechanisms for the selective extraction of metals from, and stripping to aqueous media are outlined. The potential advantages of these reagents over monoamines are discussed. Other features unique to diamine/diammonium extractants, e.g., differences in “acid effects” associated with these extractants, their differing tendencies towards third phase formation, etc., will be illustrated with extraction isotherms.