gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Liquid Water Behavior in PEFC Porous Media (2011)

In order to improve the output performance of PEFC, the liquid water has to be removed smoothly from GDL because it prevents gas diffusion. In this study, the relationship between the liquid water distribution and operating condition of fuel cell was examined by experiments with visualized cell and numerical analysis. As a result, it was found that the position and the amount of the liquid water in porous media made a great impact on the output performance. In the case of high temperature but low humidity operating condition, liquid water accumulated near Rib side and caused higher performance.
Immunoassay for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein (1983)

The development of a solid-phase immunoassay for the detection of the 39,500-dalton major outer membrane protein of the Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum serotype L2 is described. The test uses immunoadsorbent-purified rabbit anti-L2 major outer membrane protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) passively adsorbed to microtiter plates as a capture antibody. This same IgG antibody was either conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or radioiodinated with 125I and used as a probe to detect major outer membrane protein bound to immobilized IgG. At its greatest sensitivity, the test was capable of detecting 0.5 to 1 ng of purified major outer membrane protein, 5 X 10(3) elementary body inclusion-forming units, and approximately 100 C. trachomatis intracytoplasmic inclusions per assay.
Aging, imbalanced inflammation and viral infection (2010)

Older people experience enhanced susceptibility to viral infections and subsequent superimposed bacterial infections. Based on both experimental and clinical studies, this susceptibility is thought to be due to declining immune responses. However, our work indicates that older people may succumb to viral infection due to exaggerated immune responses as aged mice produce higher serum levels of the inflammatory mediator IL-17 than younger mice upon herpes viral infection. These age-elevated IL-17 responses induce a lethal immune pathology during viral infection. Early during the course of infection natural killer T-cells (NKT-cells) are major contributors to the elevated IL-17 response in aged mice. These responses synergize with defective viral clearance with aging noted by impaired IFN-α responses by plasmacytoid DCs. Our results indicate that novel anti-inflammatory drugs may resolve imbalanced inflammation and improve outcomes in older people infected with viruses.
Determination of chlorinated and brominated micropollutants by capillary gas chromatography coupled with on‐column radio frequency plasma atomic emission detection (1997)

Abstract Capillary gas chromatography (GC) combined with on‐column radio frequency plasma atomic emission detection was evaluated for the determination of polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls (PCBs and PBBs). Quantitation was possible utilizing a single chlorine or bromine calibration curve based on a randomly selected reference compound, because the signal per ng of halogen ranged within 17 % for 29 congeners. Combined with an internal standard to correct for potential plasma quenching from matrix components, this type of universal quantitation represented a sub‐stantial simplification of current calibration procedures. In combi‐nation with relatively low detection limits (1–5 pg/s of halogen), the present work suggested that GC, coupled with on‐column atomic emission detection is a promising technique for the determination of halogenated micropollutants.
New functional insights into the internal architecture of the laminated anchor spicules of <i>Euplectella aspergillum</i> (2015)

To adapt to a wide range of physically demanding environmental conditions, biological systems have evolved a diverse variety of robust skeletal architectures. One such example, Euplectella aspergillum, is a sediment-dwelling marine sponge that is anchored into the sea floor by a flexible holdfast apparatus consisting of thousands of anchor spicules (long, hair-like glassy fibers). Each spicule is covered with recurved barbs and has an internal architecture consisting of a solid core of silica surrounded by an assembly of coaxial silica cylinders, each of which is separated by a thin organic layer. The thickness of each silica cylinder progressively decreases from the spicule's core to its periphery, which we hypothesize is an adaptation for redistributing internal stresses, thus increasing the overall strength of each spicule. To evaluate this hypothesis, we created a spicule structural mechanics model, in which we fixed the radii of the silica cylinders such that the force transmitted from the surface barbs to the remainder of the skeletal system was maximized. Compared with measurements of these parameters in the native sponge spicules, our modeling results correlate remarkably well, highlighting the beneficial nature of this elastically heterogeneous lamellar design strategy. The structural principles obtained from this study thus provide potential design insights for the fabrication of high-strength beams for load-bearing applications through the modification of their internal architecture, rather than their external geometry.
America Sees Important Market in China (2006)

We report statistical comparisons of lasing characteristics in InAs quantum dot (QD) micro-rings directly grown on on-axis (001) GaP/Si and V-groove (001) Si substrates. CW thresholds as low as 3 mA and high temperature operation exceeding 80 °C were simultaneously achieved on the GaP/Si template template with an outer-ring radius of 50 µm and a ring width of 4 μm, while a sub-milliamp threshold of 0.6 mA was demonstrated on the V-groove Si template with a smaller cavity size of 5-μm outer-ring radius and 3-μm ring width. Evaluations were also made with devices fabricated simultaneously on native GaAs substrates over a significant sampling analysis. The overall assessment spotlights compelling insights in exploring the optimum epitaxial scheme for low-threshold lasing on industry standard Si substrates.
Human Haptic Discrimination of Thickness (1996)

An experimental study was carried out to measure the human tactual ability in discriminating thickness of thin plates. Using a two-interval, two-alternative forced choice paradigm, five subjects (two males and three females) were asked to discriminate pairs of plates in which one was a reference plate and the other was a thicker comparison plate. To investigate the role of plate stiffness on the discriminability, plastic and steel plates were used. The thickness range of the reference plates was 0.25 to 10 mm for plastic and 0.05 to 0.5 mm for steel. It was found that for each material there was always a critical thickness beyond which the just noticeable difference (JNDs) remained the about same (0.4 ± 0.1 mm) for all higher values of the reference thickness. For the reference plates thinner than the critical thickness, the JNDs decreased dramatically as the reference thickness decreased. After further analyzing the plate deformation using the finite element method, it was found that under the typical forces applied by the subjects, this critical thickness represented the boundary thickness between bendable and unbendable plates. It was concluded that when the plate was effectively unbendable, kinesthetic sensation was
Evolution of itinerant ferromagnetism in SrxPb1−xRuO3 (≤x≤1): Interplay between Jahn–Teller distortion and A-site disorder (2011)

Density functional theory with local spin density approximation is applied to study the evolution of ferromagnetism in SrxPb1−xRuO3 (0≤x≤1). Besides the enhanced Pb–O covalence and Pb–Ru hybridization, the Jahn–Teller effect, which favors the low-spin state (S=0) of Ru4+ in a stretched oxygen octahedra, is found to be the origin of the observed paramagnetism in PbRuO3. With the introduction of Sr, the Pb–Ru hybridization is weakened and an intermediate-spin state (S=1) is preferred via the opposite Jahn–Teller effect in a compressed oxygen octahedra, leading to the appearance of ferromagnetism for x&gt;0.5. Our calculations provide a good explanation of recent experimental findings.
Gene therapy for genetic haematological disorders and immunodeficiencies (2001)

Gene transfer and autologous transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from patients with genetic haematological disorders and immunodeficiencies could provide the same benefits as allogeneic HSC transplantation, without the attendant immunological complications. Inefficient gene delivery to human HSCs has imposed the major limitation to successful application of gene therapy. A recently reported clinical trial of gene transfer into HSCs of infants with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has achieved immune restoration because of the selective outgrowth of the gene-corrected lymphocytes. Newer methods for manipulating HSCs may lead to efficacy for other disorders. The problems and progress in this area are reviewed herein.
Multimedia medical case retrieval using decision trees (2007)

In this paper, we present a Case Based Reasoning (CBR) system for the retrieval of medical cases made up of a series of images with contextual information (such as the patient age, sex and medical history). Indeed, medical experts generally need varied sources of information (which might be incomplete) to diagnose a pathology. Consequently, we derive a retrieval framework from decision trees, which are well suited to process heterogeneous and incomplete information. To be integrated in the system, images are indexed by their digital content. The method is evaluated on a classified diabetic retinopathy database. On this database, results are promising: the retrieval sensitivity reaches 79.5% for a window of 5 cases, which is almost twice as good as the retrieval of single images alone. As a comparison, the retrieval sensitivity is 52.3% for a standard multimodal case retrieval using a linear combination of heterogeneous distances.
Elevated plasma prostaglandin E2 levels found in 14 patients undergoing autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. (1993)

In the present study, plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were quantitated serially in 14 patients during the period preceding and following autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) or autologous stem cell transplantation (ABSCT). In eight ABMT recipients, the pre-transplant conditioning regimen consisted of combined supralethal doses of chemo- and radiotherapy which was followed by ABMT using autografts purged in vitro either with mafosfamide or monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) plus immunomagnetic beads (IB). A further two ABMT recipients received only high-dose chemotherapy without irradiation as conditioning, followed by unpurged autologous BM. The four ABSCT recipients were also treated solely with chemotherapy followed by untreated autologous stem cell reinfusion. Elevation of plasma PGE2 levels occurred in all 14 patients, despite the difference in the pre-transplant conditioning. The peak levels of PGE2 ranged from about three times the mean value obtained with ten control individuals (29.8 +/- 3.7 pg/ml) to ten times this level. In all cases plasma PGE2 normalised with recovery of the peripheral leucocyte count.
WatchIt. A fully supervised identification, location and tracking system (2002)

Radio frequency (RF) based systems have been successfully deployed in personnel identification and access control applications where the tag read ranges are usually less than one meter. Such technology has also been used in the identification of assets such as raw and finished goods inventory. These assets are well controlled so that one meter or less read ranges are adequate. Attempts to apply RF technology to the problems of location, identification and control of assets and/or people within a facility have exposed the limitations of RF over longer read ranges. The tag to reader path is no longer homogeneous because walls, furnishings, and equipment introduce impairments to the simple direct propagation of RF energy, so that the presence of an RF signal at a receiver cannot be used as a reliable indication of location. This paper describes the WatchIt system which combines the transmission power of radio frequency with the containment control of infrared to accurately locate and track assets and personnel within facilities.
Adaptive dual prediction scheme based on sensing context similarity for wireless sensor networks (2014)

A novel adaptive dual‐prediction scheme is introduced for minimising the data communication load for wireless sensor networks as a way to maximise the lifetime of resource‐limited sensor nodes. Specifically, the proposed scheme exposes the fact that when sensing context prediction is used at both the sink node and the sensor nodes, the amount of data that need to be transmitted can be minimised. Furthermore, the transmission data quantity is reduced even more by exploiting the spatial correlation among different sensor nodes. On using this adaptive dual prediction scheme, the evaluations show that the amount of data transmissions can be compressed by as much as 20% against a basic dual prediction scheme, suggesting that the lifetime of sensor nodes can increase significantly in practical systems.
Wearable coach for sport training: A quantitative model to evaluate wrist-rotation in golf (2009)

Athletes in any sports can greatly benefit from feedback systems for improving the quality of their training. In this paper, we present a golf swing training system which incorporates wearable motion sensors to obtain inertial information and provide
Leukocyte-leukocyte interactions mediated by platelet microparticles under flow (2000)

Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are released from activated platelets and express functional adhesion receptors, including P-selectin, on their surface. PMP concentrations are elevated in many disorders, and their role in accelerating coagulation has been studied. However, their role in leukocyte aggregation has not been defined. We hypothesized that P-selectin-expressing PMPs bridge leukocytes that express P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), thereby allowing them to interact under flow conditions. PMPs were isolated from platelet-rich plasma or were generated by activating washed platelets with calcium ionophore. PMPs increased transient adhesion of flowing HL-60 cells or neutrophils to HL-60 cells or neutrophils prebound to the surface of a parallel plate flow chamber. Homotypic neutrophil interactions are initiated by the binding of L-selectin to PSGL-1. However, even when L-selectin function was blocked, PMPs allowed flowing neutrophils to aggregate and to interact with PSGL-1-expressing cells prebound to the surface of the flow chamber. The microparticle-mediated cell interactions occurred at lower shear stresses than those mediated by L-selectin. PMPs may enhance leukocyte aggregation and leukocyte accumulation on selectin-expressing substrates, especially in diseases where the concentration of the particles is elevated. (Blood. 2000;95:1317-1323)
[Process of sodium fusidate inactivation as affected by oxygen and humidity]. (1981)

The effect of oxygen and moisture on stability of sodium fusidate was studied. It was shown that inactivation of the antibiotic in the atmosphere of oxygen was due to its oxidation in the preparations with low humidity levels. In the preparations with high humidity levels, the main cause of the antibiotic inactivation was hydrolysis with respect to C-16-O-acetyl group. When sodium fusidate was air stored, the salts of 24, 25-dioxy-and 24, 25-dioxy-11-monoketofusidic acids were identified among the products of its inactivation. The salts of 24,25-dioxy-11-monoketofusidic acid were also prepared by oxidation of fusidic acid with potassium permanganate in a weak alkaline medium. The possibility of using sodium sulfite and metabisulfite as stabilizers for th antibiotic storage was shown.
Exploring User-Defined Back-Of-Device Gestures for Mobile Devices (2015)

Many studies have highlighted the advantages of expanding the input space of mobile devices by utilizing the back of the device. We extend this work by performing an elicitation study to explore users' mapping of gestures to smartphone commands and identify their criteria for using back-of-device gestures. Using the data collected from our study, we present elicited gestures and highlight common user motivations, both of which inform the design of back-of-device gestures for mobile interaction.
Exploiting user disagreement for web search evaluation (2014)

To express a more nuanced notion of relevance as compared to binary judgments, graded relevance levels can be used for the evaluation of search results. Especially in Web search, users strongly prefer top results over less relevant results, and yet they often disagree on which are the top results for a given information need. Whereas previous works have generally considered disagreement as a negative effect, this paper proposes a method to exploit this user disagreement by integrating it into the evaluation procedure.
Comparative in vitro evaluation of the nitinol inferior vena cava filter. (1982)

An inferior vena cava filter made from nitinol, a thermal shape memory alloy, was evaluated. A series of in vitro experiments was designed to assess its shape recovery, orientation, and positioning after delivery and its embolus-capturing efficiency. For comparison, the Mobin-Uddin and Kimray-Greenfield filters were also tested. The results indicate that the nitinol filter is easily and accurately delivered and is superior to the other filters in its ability to capture emboli. In addition, it showed no tendency to migrate or to elevate the upstream hydrostatic pressures significantly.
A Transmit Power Control based on Fading Channel Prediction for High-speed Mobile Communication Systems (2009)

Alterations in plasma levels of endothelin in congestive heart failure and in response to postural change were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the alterations of known mediators of neurohumoral compensation. In addition, the increase in plasma endothelin-1 during upright tilting in normal subjects preceded the increases in circulating levels of the other vasoconstrictor mediators, consistent with a role of endothelin-1 in neurohumoral compensation for hemodynamic stress.
Enhanced Peripheral Analgesia Using Virally Mediated Gene Transfer of the μ-Opioid Receptor in Mice (2008)

This gene therapy approach may provide an innovative strategy to enhance peripheral opioid analgesia for the treatment of pain in humans, thereby minimizing centrally mediated opioid side effects such as sedation and addiction.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I ameliorates demyelination induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α in transgenic mice (2007)

Our groups have reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) causes myelin damage and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and their precursors in vitro and in vivo. We also have reported that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) can protect cultured oligodendrocytes and their precursors from TNF-alpha-induced damage. In this study, we investigated whether IGF-I can protect oligodendrocytes and myelination from TNF-alpha-induced damage in vivo by cross-breeding TNF-alpha transgenic (Tg) mice with IGF-I Tg mice that overexpress IGF-I exclusively in brain. At 8 weeks of age, compared with those of wild-type (WT) mice, the brain weights of TNF-alpha Tg mice were decreased by approximately 20%, and those of IGF-I Tg mice were increased by approximately 20%. The brain weights of mice that carry both TNF-alpha and IGF-I transgenes (TNF-alpha/IGF-I Tg mice) did not differ from those of WT mice. As judged by histochemical staining and immunostaining, myelin content in the cerebellum of TNF-alpha/IGF-I Tg mice was similar to that in WT mice and much more than that in TNF-alpha Tg mice. Consistently, Western immunoblot analysis showed that myelin basic protein (MBP) abundance in the cerebellum of TNF-alpha/IGF-I Tg mice was double that in TNF-alpha Tg mice. In comparison with WT mice, the number of oligodendrocytes was decreased by approximately 36% in TNF-alpha Tg mice, whereas it was increased in IGF-I Tg mice by approximately 40%. Oligodendrocyte number in TNF-alpha/IGF-I Tg mice was almost twice that in TNF-alpha Tg mice. Furthermore, IGF-I overexpression significantly reduced TNF-alpha-induced increases in apoptotic cell number, active caspase-3 abundance, and degradaion of MBP. Our results indicate that IGF-I is capable of protecting myelin and oligodendrocytes from TNF-alpha-induced damage in vivo.
Calculation of Flame Ionization Detector Relative Response Factors Using the Effective Carbon Number Concept (1985)

Equations are given for relating flame ionization detector relative response factors to the effective carbon number (ECN) of neat and derivatized components. The ECN approach can be used for calculating relative response factors in cases where pure materials are not available for detector calibration. Examples of this approach are given for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated organics in neat form, alcohols and acids as the trimethylsilylated derivatives, and carbohydrates as the trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives.
Long-pitch cholesteric liquid crystal cell for switchable achromatic reflection (2010)

We propose a switchable achromatic reflector using a long-pitch cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) whose Bragg reflection wavelength is chosen to be infrared by controlling the pitch of the CLC so that the planar texture is transparent over the entire visible wavelength. By using the light scattering of the focal conic texture, achromatic reflection can be achieved. Both textures are stable at zero electric field and the operating voltage of the proposed CLC device is much lower than that of conventional CLC devices. The proposed switchable reflector, which can be operated at a low voltage with low power, can be applied to reflective displays and to light shutters. By coupling with a reflective polarizer the efficiency of light scattering at the focal conic texture can be enhanced.
Fragment-Based Drug Discovery of 2-Thiazolidinones as BRD4 Inhibitors: 2. Structure-Based Optimization (2015)

The signal transduction of acetylated histone can be processed through a recognition module, bromodomain. Several inhibitors targeting BRD4, one of the bromodomain members, are in clinical trials as anticancer drugs. Hereby, we report our efforts on discovery and optimization of a new series of 2-thiazolidinones as BRD4 inhibitors along our previous study. In this work, guided by crystal structure analysis, we reversed the sulfonamide group and identified a new binding mode. A structure-activity relationship study on this new series led to several potent BRD4 inhibitors with IC50 of about 0.05-0.1 μM in FP binding assay and GI50 of 0.1-0.3 μM in cell based assays. To complete the lead-like assessment of this series, we further checked its effects on BRD4 downstream protein c-Myc, investigated its selectivity among five different bromodomain proteins, as well as the metabolic stability test, and reinforced the utility of 2-thiazolidinone scaffold as BET bromodomain inhibitors in novel anticancer drug development.
A heating rate controller for accelerated storage tests (for chemical products) (1976)

The accelerated storage test described by Rogers (1963) is based upon a logarithmic temperature-time function. Because of the necessity for continuous adjustment of the temperature during a complete test the use of a nonlinear heating rate controller is almost inevitable. For utmost flexibility a universal heating rate controller was developed, usable for both linear and nonlinear (e.g. logarithmic) temperature programming.