gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-terminal Processing of the Toxoplasma Protein MIC2 Is Essential for Invasion into Host Cells (2003)

Host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites is accompanied by the rapid, polarized secretion of parasite proteins that are involved in cell attachment. The Toxoplasma gondii micronemal protein MIC2 contains several extracellular adhesive domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Following apical secretion, MIC2 is transiently present on the parasite surface before being translocated backward and released by proteolytic cleavage. Mutations in the extracellular domain of MIC2, directly upstream of the transmembrane domain, prevented processing and release of the soluble protein into the supernatant. A conserved basic residue in MIC2 was essential for cleavage, and basic residues are similarly positioned in other microneme proteins. Following the induction of secretion, MIC2 processing mutants were stably expressed on the surface of the parasite. Surface MIC2-expressing mutants showed increased adhesion to host cells, yet were impaired in their capacity to invade. These data demonstrate that proteolysis is essential for releasing cell surface adhesins prior to cell entry by apicomplexan parasites.
A cell discarding strategy to reduce cell error rate in wireless ATM networks (2002)

We introduce a cell discarding strategy to reduce the number of error cells transmitted on wireless ATM networks. The proposed strategy is based on an "interleaving" method which spreads each bit of a header field over the data field to reduce the cell loss probability. In such a method, most burst errors are transformed into single-bit errors in the header and the header error control (HEC) is able to recover it. Intuitively, each corrected cell has a higher probability to contain incorrect payload due to burst errors. When the network becomes congested, these dirty cells will be dropped first to reduce the number of error cells received by the receiver. The number of retransmitted cells is also reduced. The cell payload error probability of a corrected cell is analyzed and the performance of the proposed strategy is investigated by simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy substantially improves the cell error rate received by the destinations.
The computer graphics course in a small-college computer science program (2000)

Computer graphics has moved from the laboratory to everyday use in the last few years. New graphics programming systems and low-cost, high-powered computers have made computer graphics both much easier and much less expensive to use — and to both teach and learn. These now allow a beginning computer graphics programming course to be accessible to any student with reasonable programming skills, and consequently to be a service to a number of disciplines. This allows the course to take on a unique position on a small campus where cross-disciplinary interaction is valued. The author is developing such a course with a focus on graphics in the sciences, and will describe how the projected course topics and projects can involve students in scientific issues and support the development of skills in scientific visualization.
A Knot Game with _not KNerds (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsMoshe CohenMoshe Cohen met Allison at a knot theory conference while he was a graduate student at Louisiana State University. He now has a research postdoc with the Emmy Noether Institute at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan in Israel, partially supported by the Oswald Veblen Fund and by the Minerva Foundation of Germany. Email:cohenm10@macs.biu.ac.ilAllison HenrichAllison Henrich is an assistant professor at Seattle University. After her students at the Williams College REU invented knot games, she has been directing research projects to learn more about the knotting-unknotting game and to invent games that can be played on knot diagrams. Email:henricha@seattleu.edu
GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well GRIN-SCH vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (1990)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (20 wells) graded-index separate-confinement-heterostructure (GRIN-SCH) active regions are discussed. The VCSEL structures, which also contained two Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/Al/sub y/Ga/sub 1-y/As distributed Bragg reflectors, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and had a threshold current and current density at room temperature pulsed excitation of 16 mA and 14 kA/cm/sup 2/, respectively, near 0.85- mu m wavelength. Both single-longitudinal and fundamental transverse mode emission characteristics were observed with a light output greater than 3 mW and a slope efficiency of 0.12 mW/mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuing Evolution of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Southeastern China (2004)

H9N2 influenza viruses are panzootic in domestic poultry in Eurasia and since 1999 have caused transient infections in humans and pigs. To investigate the zoonotic potential of H9N2 viruses, we studied the evolution of the viruses in live-poultry markets in Hong Kong in 2003. H9N2 was the most prevalent influenza virus subtype in the live-poultry markets between 2001 and 2003. Antigenic and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) showed that all of the 19 isolates found except one belonged to the lineage represented by A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (H9N2). The exception was A/Guinea fowl/NT184/03 (H9N2), whose HA is most closely related to that of the human isolate A/Guangzhou/333/99 (H9N2), a virus belonging to the A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94-like (H9N2) lineage. At least six different genotypes were recognized. The majority of the viruses had nonstructural (and HA) genes derived from the A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97-like virus lineage but had other genes of mixed avian virus origin, including genes similar to those of H5N1 viruses isolated in 2001. Viruses of all six genotypes of H9N2 found were able to replicate in chickens and mice without adaptation. The infected chickens showed no signs of disease, but representatives of two viral genotypes were lethal to mice. Three genotypes of virus replicated in the respiratory tracts of swine, which shed virus for at least 5 days. These results show an increasing genetic and biologic diversity of H9N2 viruses in Hong Kong and support their potential role as pandemic influenza agents.
Antiarthritic mechanisms of amyrin triterpenes. (1994)

The triterpenes, alpha-amyrin (AA) and its palmitate (AAP) and linoleate esters (AAL), were tested on models of inflammatory and destructive arthritic processes and their effects were compared with the clinical antiarthritic drugs indomethacin (IN) and methotrexate (MTX). The triterpenes had no effect on the prostaglandin phase of carrageenin pedal edema in rats, which was reduced 28% by 100 microM IN. AAL caused a considerable reduction in the synthesis by human neutrophils of 5-lipoxygenase products--5-HETE (IC50 = 70 microM), LTB4, (62 microM), isomer I (30 microM) and isomer II (24 microM). Rat osteosarcoma cell growth was inhibited by all triterpenes with IC50's (microM) of < 10 (AAP), 14 (AA) and 27 (AAL) and were more effective than IN (35). MTX caused 100% inhibition at a concentration of 10 microM compared with 64% inhibition by AAP. Tadpole collagenase digestion of type I (bone) native collagen was completely inhibited by all the triterpenes as well as IN and MTX at 100 microM. The results indicate that the principal point of antiarthritic intervention by amyrin triterpenes lies in their local inhibition of joint destruction.
Obesity, Leptin, and the Brain (1996)

The notion that genetic abnormalities contribute to obesity gained important support with the identification of the ob gene and its protein product in 1994.1 The ob protein, termed “leptin” from the Greek leptos, meaning thin, is produced in adipose tissue and is thought to act as an afferent satiety signal in a feedback loop that putatively affects the appetite and satiety centers of the brain. The ultimate effect of this loop is to regulate body-fat mass. In ob/ob mice, which are markedly hyperphagic and obese, the ob gene is mutated and no leptin is produced; when given leptin, they stop . . .
An IgG human monoclonal antibody reactive with a surface membrane antigen expressed on malignant breast cancer cells (1991)

A human IgG3 monoclonal antibody (HMab), F86, that reacts with breast cancer cells was obtained by fusion of antibody-secreting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cells from a draining lymph node with the human fusion partner HMMA2.11TG/O. F86 reacts with an antigen expressed on the surface of five malignant human breast cancer cell lines and several human malignant myelomonocytic cell lines but is not detected on normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Studies with tissue sections of a human breast cancer line xenografted in nude mice have demonstrated that the F86 antigen is expressed both on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The F86 antigen is also expressed by the tumor cells in the original tumor specimen of a patient from whom one of the test cell lines and the xenografts were derived. Functionally, the F86 antibody does not mediate complement lysis or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. The F86 antigen could not be labeled by [35S] methionine or 125I and immunoprecipitated. The nature and expression of antigens such as that detected by the HMab F86 and how they became immunogenic and/or suppress an active immune response can be addressed through the use of HMab.
Concentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for preventing the introduction of nonindigenous species in the ballast tanks of ships declaring no ballast on board (2008)

Currently, seawater flushing is the only management strategy for reducing the number of viable organisms in residual sediments and water of ballast tanks of vessels declaring no ballast on board (NOBOB) that traffic ports of the eastern United States. Previously, we identified several species of freshwater and brackish-water peracarid crustaceans able to survive the osmotic shock that occurs during open-ocean ballast water exchange and, potentially, to disperse over long distances via ballasted ships and NOBOB vessels. We tested the efficacy of concentrated sodium chloride brine solutions as an additional treatment for eradicating the halotolerant taxa often present in the ballast tanks of NOBOB ships. The lowest brine treatments (30 ppt for 1 h) caused 100% mortality in several species of cladocerans and copepods collected from oligohaline habitats. Several brackish-water peracarid crustaceans, however, including some that can survive in freshwater as well, required higher brine concentrations and longer exposure durations (45-60 ppt for 3-24 h). The most resilient animals were widely introduced peracarid crustaceans that generally prefer mesohaline habitats but do not tolerate freshwater (required brine treatments of 60-110 ppt for 3-24 h). Brine treatments (30 ppt) also required less time to cause 100% mortality for eight taxa compared with treatments using 34 ppt seawater. Based on these experiments and published data, we present treatment strategies for the ballast tank biota often associated with NOBOB vessels entering the Great Lakes region. We estimate the lethal dosage of brine for 95% of the species in our experiments to be 110 ppt (95% confidence interval, 85-192 ppt) when the exposure time is 1 h and 60 ppt (95% confidence interval, 48-98 ppt) when the exposure duration is 6 h or longer.
Immunosuppressive drugs as an adjuvant to HIV treatment (2004)

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the epidemiological impact of HIV infection, many problems with currently used antiretroviral therapy have underscored the urgent need for additional therapeutic approaches. Structured treatment interruption trials, which can be considered an immune-based therapy with an autologous virus, have failed to control viral replication in most chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Alternative approaches could be the use of immunosuppressive drugs to enhance the control of viral replication mediated by their immune and antiviral properties. The use of immunosuppressive drugs may reduce the number of activated CD4 cells that support massive virus production and may prevent sequestration of CD4 T cells into lymphoid tissue, which is the place of antigen presentation and productive HIV infection. The strategy of using drugs that interfere with the HIV life-cycle, acting on the target cells of HIV rather than on viral enzymes, offers the advantage of avoiding the development of antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV mutants. However, it is not known if these approaches will clinically benefit long-term infection, by establishing a new immunological set-point that may affect the rate of disease progression. Caution is required when using HAART in combination with cytostatic drugs in HIV-1 infection until their impact and long-term safety have been investigated further in larger clinical trials.
Calculation of stress-concentration factors for grooved shafts in bending using the point-matching technique (1973)

A general numerical technique is presented for the solution of the problem of elastic bending of axisymmetric bodies. Results obtained by this method are compared with existing results for grooved and shouldered shafts in pure bending and good agreement is obtained in each case. Additional results are presented for the stress-concentration effect of flat-bottomed circumferential grooves in cylindrical shafts for which no experimental or analytical results are available.
The mapping of the Lyn kinase binding site of the common beta subunit of IL-3/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/IL-5 receptor. (1999)

It has been shown that a membrane-proximal region within common beta (betac) receptor of IL-3/granulocyte-macrophage CSF/IL-5 (amino acids 450-517) is important for Lyn binding. We have shown previously that Lyn kinase is physically associated with the IL-5R betac subunit in unstimulated cells. The result suggests that this association involves binding modules that are not activation or phosphorylation dependent. The objective of this study was to map the exact Lyn binding site on betac. Using overlapping and/or sequential peptides derived from betac 450-517, we narrowed down the Lyn binding site to nine amino acid residues, betac 457-465. The P-->A mutation in this region abrogated the binding to Lyn, indicating a critical role of proline residues. We created a cell-permeable Lyn-binding peptide by N-stearation. This cell-permeable peptide blocked the association of Lyn, but not Jak2 with betac in situ. We also investigated the betac binding site of Lyn kinase. Our results suggest that the N-terminal unique domain of Lyn kinase is important for binding to betac receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of the Lyn binding site of betac receptor. This finding may help develop specific inhibitors of Lyn-coupled signaling pathways.
Haloperidol induced CSF protein variations in schizophrenic patients: as studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis. (1992)

High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 10 schizophrenic patients demonstrated a 21% average difference in the number of proteins which could be detected in patients undergoing haloperidol therapy when compared with CSF from the same patients after withdrawal from neuroleptic treatment. Proteins affected were trace proteins, as we found no significant variation in either the total CSF protein content or the integrated protein density on each electrophoretic gel. Three mechanisms which might account for these observations are: (1) a small change in liver protein synthesis or degradation would have little if any visible effect on the concentration of major blood or CSF proteins, such as albumin, but it could significantly alter trace proteins, such as alpha 2-haptoglobin, since their concentrations are orders of magnitude less than that of the major proteins, (2) haloperidol might alter the blood-CSF protein filtration system which could affect the visibility of the trace proteins, and (3) proteins synthesized in the Central Nervous System (CNS) or enhanced in the CSF could be differentially affected by haloperidol. While additional research will be required to determine the basis for the effects of haloperidol on CSF proteins, the current studies provide information which may be helpful in delineating disease specific protein alterations from those induced by drug therapy.
Pie-like electrode design for high-energy density lithium–sulfur batteries (2015)

Owing to the overwhelming advantage in energy density, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a promising next-generation electrochemical energy storage system. Despite many efforts in pursuing long cycle life, relatively little emphasis has been placed on increasing the areal energy density. Herein, we have designed and developed a 'pie' structured electrode, which provides an excellent balance between gravimetric and areal energy densities. Combining lotus root-like multichannel carbon nanofibers 'filling' and amino-functionalized graphene 'crust', the free-standing paper electrode (S mass loading: 3.6 mg cm(-2)) delivers high specific capacity of 1,314 mAh g(-1) (4.7 mAh cm(-2)) at 0.1 C (0.6 mA cm(-2)) accompanied with good cycling stability. Moreover, the areal capacity can be further boosted to more than 8 mAh cm(-2) by stacking three layers of paper electrodes with S mass loading of 10.8 mg cm(-2).
Document page decomposition by the bounding-box project (2002)

This paper describes a method for extracting words, textlines and text blocks by analyzing the spatial configuration of bounding boxes of connected component on a given document image. The basic idea is that connected components of black pixels can be used as computational units in document image analysis. In this paper, the problem of extracting words, textlines and text blocks is viewed as a clustering problem in the 2-dimensional discrete domain. Our main strategy is that profiling analysis is utilized to measure horizontal or vertical gaps of (groups of) components during the process of image segmentation. For this purpose, we compute the smallest rectangular box, called the bounding box, which circumscribes a connected component. Those boxes are projected horizontally and/or vertically, and local and global projection profiles are analyzed for word, textline and text-block segmentation. In the last step of segmentation, the document decomposition hierarchy is produced from these segmented objects.
Chronic multichannel neural recordings from soft regenerative microchannel electrodes during gait (2015)

Reliably interfacing a nerve with an electrode array is one of the approaches to restore motor and sensory functions after an injury to the peripheral nerve. Accomplishing this with current technologies is challenging as the electrode-neuron interface often degrades over time, and surrounding myoelectric signals contaminate the neuro-signals in awake, moving animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of microchannel electrode implants to monitor over time and in freely moving animals, neural activity from regenerating nerves. We designed and fabricated implants with silicone rubber and elastic thin-film metallization. Each implant carries an eight-by-twelve matrix of parallel microchannels (of 120 × 110 μm(2) cross-section and 4 mm length) and gold thin-film electrodes embedded in the floor of ten of the microchannels. After sterilization, the soft, multi-lumen electrode implant is sutured between the stumps of the sciatic nerve. Over a period of three months and in four rats, the microchannel electrodes recorded spike activity from the regenerating sciatic nerve. Histology indicates mini-nerves formed of axons and supporting cells regenerate robustly in the implants. Analysis of the recorded spikes and gait kinematics over the ten-week period suggests firing patterns collected with the microchannel electrode implant can be associated with different phases of gait.
Kao što bezvjerac čeka čudo (2010)

Hrvatska ima tek mali broj ekonomskih teoreticara koji zagovaraju efikasnost, a politicara kojima je stalo do pravednosti i postenja jos je manje
Improved remote node configuration for passive ring-tree architectures (2008)

In this paper, a set of optically fed passive remote node configurations for a Ring-Tree extended reach PON which allow increased efficiency and resilience are presented.
An extended autocorrelation method for estimation of blood velocity (1997)

The conventional autocorrelation method (AM) to estimate the blood velocity for color flow imaging (CFI) is based on the phase estimation of the autocorrelation function. In this paper, a new extended autocorrelation method (EAM) that uses both phase and magnitude of the two dimensional (depth and temporal direction) autocorrelation function for estimating the blood velocity is presented. It is shown that the EAM has similar performance as the cross-correlation method (CCM). Both of them have smaller estimation variance than the AM and have the ability to estimate velocities beyond the Nyquist velocity, but the EAM is more computationally efficient than the CCM. A 2-D blood flow signal with rectilinear velocity including the transit time effect has also been simulated and the results are presented in this paper. For comparison, the EAM and the CCM have been applied to the simulated signals in which the flow velocities are up to four times the Nyquist velocity. The EAM has been further verified by experimental RF data from the subclavian artery.
A hardware framework for smart speaker control of home audio network (2010)

Multi-channel speaker systems are typically driven by central power amplifiers. This approach has limitations when faced with the increasing number of channels in existing systems. In this paper, more distributed approach to multi-channel systems is proposed where a USB cable is used as an interface to a living room PC to connect to the proposed main controller. The main controller connects all speaker channels serially via a network cable through subcontrollers that are distributed across the rooms. The network cable interface between the sub-controllers and the main controller uses a custom-made transmission protocol. This protocol allows the main controller to provide multiple CD quality audio sources to different locations in a house. Furthermore we demonstrate a bidirectional communication capability to allow seamless personalized listening at all locations in the home with the proposed protocol between the main controller and the sub-controllers.
An automated roof-snow remover. (1995)

人手に頼らずに,新雪を対象として少量ずつ落雪させる新しい屋根雪処理機械を開発した.本機は,90Wのモータを動力源とし,棟をまたぐ逆V字形の切削滑落板を,屋根上に固定したレール上で横方向へ滑動させることにより屋根雪を切削し,切削滑落板上から軒下へ雪を滑り落として処理するものである.長岡市における小雪年での試験の結果,地上積雪深が59cmの時,切削滑落板の下端から75cm程度までが埋雪(最深8cm)し,これを切削することになったが,その時の除雪抵抗力は11.3kgf(切削滑落板1枚当り5.7kgf)で,屋根雪をスムーズに処理できることを確認した.
An in-place architecture for the deblocking filter in H.264/AVC (2006)

This brief presents an in-place computing design for the deblocking filter used in H.264/AVC video coding standard. The proposed in-placed computing flow reuses intermediate data as soon as data is available. Thus, the intermediate data storage is reduced to only the four 4 /spl times/ 4 blocks instead of whole 16 /spl times/ 16 macroblock. The resulting design can achieve 100 MHz with only 13.41K gate count and support real-time deblocking operation of 2K /spl times/ 1K@30 Hz video application when clocked at 73.73 MHz by using 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.