gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swiss army knife and Ockham's razor: modeling and facilitating operator's comprehension in complex dynamic tasks (2002)

This paper identifies two contending metaphors of the mind, and outlines a model of comprehension informed by the parsimony principle ("Ockham's razor"). The model, called virtual associative network (VAN), is applied to explain human performance and improve decision aiding in complex tasks involving multiple variables and rapidly changing constraints. This model is compared to a conventional modeling paradigm ("Swiss army knife") representing the mind as a "toolkit" of special purpose "instruments" (or modules). The paper has four sections. The first section introduces the VAN model focusing on its key assumptions. The second section runs computational experiments to assess the mathematical validity of these assumptions. Next, some of the model's decision aiding applications are demonstrated. The concluding section discusses agreement and the lack of such between the VAN model and other cognitive theories. Discussion centers on assessing VAN's plausibility vis-a-vis recent neuropsychological findings.
Relation Between Low Capacity Of Human Sera To Inhibit Streptococcal Mitogens And Serious Manifestation Of Disease (1994)

The proliferative response of lymphocytes induced by a new streptococcal mitogenic factor (MF) and the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spe) A and B was determined in sera from 6 healthy persons. Responses were compared to those obtained from reference serum that lacked mitogen-specific ELISA antibodies. The sera showed individual variations in the levels of MF- and Spe-specific antibodies, as determined by ELISA. The experiments showed that most human sera, which contained mitogen-specific antibodies, could neutralize the mitogenicity of the proteins. However, there were sera that contained mitogen-specific antibodies but that did not inhibit the toxin-induced proliferation. Thus, the ELISA antibody titer did not always equal the neutralizing capacity. Sera from 27 patients with group A streptococcal bacteremia had significantly lower neutralizing ability against MF and SpeB than did sera from 25 uncomplicated tonsillitis cases.
Coupling of the antiviral drug ara-AMP to lactosaminated albumin leads to specific uptake in rat and human hepatocytes (1993)

We covalently coupled 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-monophosphate (ara-AMP) to the carrier molecule lactosaminated human serum albumin using a water-soluble carbodiimide with a two-step conjugation method (pH 4.5 and pH 7.5) instead of the commonly used single-step conjugation at pH 7.5. This resulted in a predominantly monomeric conjugate (lac27-HSA-ara-AMP9). The conjugate was stable in buffer (pH 7.4) and blood plasma. After in vivo injection, the carrier and the monomeric conjugate were subjected to selective endocytosis in rat hepatocytes, as shown on immunohistochemical study and cell-separation techniques using 125I-labeled material. In competition experiments with other ligands for the asialoglycoprotein receptor N-acetylgalactosamine and asialofetuin, we showed that both lactosaminated human serum albumin and lac27-HSA-ara-AMP9 are subject to endocytosis by this receptor system. Although the coupling of ara-AMP significantly increased the net negative charge of the conjugate compared with the native carrier, liver uptake was not affected by coadministration of an excess of succinylated human serum albumin (suc-HSA), a negatively charged ligand for the scavenger receptor. Incubation studies with purified rat liver lysosomes showed that in this acidic and proteolytic environment, mainly ara-AMP and, to a much lesser extent, ara-A itself were released from the carrier. After injection into the rat in vivo and in isolated perfused rat liver, no free ara-AMP or 9-B-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) could be detected in plasma and perfusate, respectively, indicating proper retention of the virally active components in hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital mobile technology facilitates HIPAA-sensitive perioperative messaging, improves physician-patient communication, and streamlines patient care (2015)

Digital communications platforms can facilitate the immediate transfer of HIPAA-compliant data to patients and their designees. Such systems can greatly improve the level of communication between physicians, patients, and patients' families and caregivers. All types of users, including healthcare professionals, patients, and their loved ones, recorded high levels of satisfaction. Based on these observations, we conclude that mobile digital communications platforms represent a way to harness the power of social media to enhance patient care.
Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Vesicles from Human and Boar Spermatozoa: Methods Using Nitrogen Cavitation and Ionophore Induced Vesiculation (1978)

A method for isolation of plasma membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa using nitrogen cavitation is described. The purity of the preparations were assessed by electron microscopy, marker enzyme assay and the sedimentation characteristics of fused plasma membrane-acrosomal membrane vesicles in sucrose gradients. PAGE-SDS profiles of plasma membrane polypeptides from boar spermatozoa were significantly different from those of human spermatozoa. Differences in electrophoretic profiles of polypeptides from different regions of the spermatozooon were also observed.
Feature selection with limited datasets (1999)

Computer-aided diagnosis has the potential of increasing diagnostic accuracy by providing a second reading to radiologists. In many computerized schemes, numerous features can be extracted to describe suspect image regions. A subset of these features is then employed in a data classifier to determine whether the suspect region is abnormal or normal. Different subsets of features will, in general, result in different classification performances. A feature selection method is often used to determine an "optimal" subset of features to use with a particular classifier. A classifier performance measure (such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) must be incorporated into this feature selection process. With limited datasets, however, there is a distribution in the classifier performance measure for a given classifier and subset of features. In this paper, we investigate the variation in the selected subset of "optimal" features as compared with the true optimal subset of features caused by this distribution of classifier performance. We consider examples in which the probability that the optimal subset of features is selected can be analytically computed. We show the dependence of this probability on the dataset sample size, the total number of features from which to select, the number of features selected, and the performance of the true optimal subset. Once a subset of features has been selected, the parameters of the data classifier must be determined. We show that, with limited datasets and/or a large number of features from which to choose, bias is introduced if the classifier parameters are determined using the same data that were employed to select the "optimal" subset of features.
The quest for environmental and productivity improvements at the IBM/sub R/ Demanufacturing and Asset Recovery Center (2002)

As the life cycle of computers continues to decrease due to new technology and improved processing performance, many companies are faced with an increasing volume of returned end of life equipment. Without making dynamic changes to meet the required capacity, companies could be confronted with the need for more people, space, and capital equipment, all costly investments. Therefore, the performance of demanufacturing operations becomes critical to not only ensuring proper environmental disposal options, but also improving process efficiency and minimizing expense. This paper looks at how the Global-Asset-Recovery Services organization of IBM and its' Asset Recovery Center (ARC) in Endicott, NY have been able to focus on improving both environmental performance and demanufacturing productivity while meeting the challenge of processing increased returns and controlling labor, space, and capital expense. The paper identifies and discuss the key actions taken over the past six years that have led to a continuing environmental disposal improvement. The amount of material dispositioned to the landfill has decreased by over 75%. It also highlights changes and enhancements that have been made to the process and demanufacturing line to realize greater than three times growth in productivity.
Effect of cutaneously applied nonionic surfactants and local anesthetic bases on thermal sensations. (2004)

With cutaneously applied local anesthetic bases various effects may be observed, such as a decrease in pricking pain and a change in burning, itch, and thermal sensations. These effects occur after skin penetration and may be attributed to the action of the anesthetics on nociceptors and thermoreceptors, i.e., on C and A delta nerve fibers, respectively. As little is known about the pharmacodynamic response of nonionic surfactants with a potentially anesthetic action such as polidocanol, this study characterizes nonionic surfactants pharmacodynamically by measuring thermal thresholds with a thermal sensory analyzer after cutaneous application. The results obtained with the nonionic surfactants were compared with data resulting from the cutaneous application of local anesthetic bases such as mepivacaine, bupivacaine, prilocaine, lidocaine, the 1:1 mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine contained in EMLA and a triple mixture consisting of lidocaine, prilocaine and tetracaine (1:1:1). The results show that none of the investigated surfactants affect thermal thresholds probably due to their high molecular weight. The same was observed with the anesthetics mepivacaine and bupivacaine. In contrast, prilocaine, lidocaine, the 1:1 mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine and the triple mixture consisting of lidocaine, prilocaine and tetracaine (1:1:1) proved to be potent local anesthetics. However, their pharmacodynamic responses do not differ significantly from each other.
Detection of <i>NRG1</i> Fusions in Solid Tumors: Rare Gold? (2019)

Fusions between <i>NRG1</i> and partner genes are rare, tumorigenic genomic events occurring in patients with lung and other cancers, associated with activation of ERBB2/ERBB3 heterodimers. Inhibition of ERBB2 and/or ERBB3 in this group of patients is a promising strategy in clinical trials.<i>See related article by Jonna et al., p. 4966</i>.
High Pressure/High Temperature (HP/HT) Seals for Oil and Gas Production (1998)

Abstract The drilling and completion of wells between 15,000 and 20,000 feet vertical depth has been actively pursued since the early 1950's because of the increased production capacities associated with these deeper wells. The high temperatures and high pressures inherent to this type environment, however, require special equipment to withstand the demands of the severe conditions to which the equipment will be subjected. Selecting seals or sealing systems for oil and gas production necessitates a comprehensive knowledge of the chemistry of both the seal material(s) and the conditions of the environment in which the seals will be used. Understanding the unique characteristics of viscoelastic response is the key to understanding elastomers in general and applying them to specific uses. This paper will discuss elastomer usage as sealing media in the oilfield; specifically, the use of polymeric seal materials will be followed from their usage in the oilfield from 1977 to the present and their evolution to the elastometric element packages that have been developed for today's needs in traditional as well as in severe service and high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) applications. Of particular interest will be testing to which the newly developed seal element packages have been subjected, including the testing that was conducted in a deep well simulator. Case histories will support the enhanced capabilities of the new generation of polymeric seal assemblies. In addition to the new generation of elastometric sealing packages, composite sealing materials have also been developed for certain applications in which elastomeric materials have not been able to provide long-term integrity. Progress being made in this area will also be discussed. P. 603
Advances in protein therapeutics. (2008)

This review summarizes recent advances in the discovery and development of novel protein therapeutics. The most advanced technology platforms currently available are highlighted and examples where novel protein scaffolds have been successfully applied to identify clinical candidates are provided. This review also examines the progress of these molecules in the clinic and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches over traditional methods.
Remainder Term Estimates of the Renewal Function (1983)

Let $\mu$ be a probability measure and $H(x) = \sum^\infty_{n=0} \mu^{n_\ast}(-\infty, x\rbrack$ its renewal function. It is well-known that $H(x) - x/\mu_1 - \mu_2/2\mu^2_1 \rightarrow 0$ as $x \rightarrow +\infty$ if $\mu_1 > 0$ and $\mu$ is a nonlattice measure. ($\mu_k$ is the $k$th moment of $\mu$.) The rate of this convergence is studied under further conditions on $\mu$.
Long-Term Effects of Sectioning the Olivocochlear Bundle in Neonatal Cats (1998)

The olivocochlear bundle (OCB) was cut in neonatal cats to evaluate its role in the development of normal cochlear function. Approximately 1 year after deefferentation, acute auditory nerve fiber (ANF) recordings were made from lesioned animals, lesion shams, and normal controls. The degree of deefferentation was quantified via light microscopic evaluation of the density of OCB fascicles in the tunnel of Corti, and selected cases were analyzed via electron microscopy. In the most successful cases, the deefferentation was virtually complete. ANFs from successfully lesioned animals exhibited significant pathophysiology compared with normals and with other animals in which the surgery failed to interrupt the OCB. Thresholds at the characteristic frequency (CF), the frequency at which ANFs are most sensitive, were elevated across the CF range, with maximal effects for CFs in the 10 kHz region. Frequency threshold or tuning curves displayed reduction of tip-to-tail ratios (the difference between CF and low-frequency "tail" thresholds) and decreased sharpness of tuning. These pathological changes are generally associated with outer hair cell (OHC) damage. However, light microscopic histological analysis showed minimal hair cell loss and no significant differences between normal and deefferented groups. Spontaneous discharge rates (SRs) were lower than normal; however, those fibers with the highest SRs remained more sensitive than those with lower SRs. Findings suggest that the interaction between OC efferents and OHCs early in development may be critical for full expression of active mechanical processes.
Simplifying the extracellular matrix for 3‐D cell culture and tissue engineering: A pragmatic approach (2007)

The common technique of growing cells on tissue culture plastic (TCP) is gradually being supplanted by methods for culturing cells in two-dimensions (2-D) on matrices with more appropriate physical and biological properties or by encapsulation of cells in three-dimensions (3-D). The universal acceptance of the new 3-D paradigm is currently constrained by the lack of a biocompatible material in the marketplace that offers ease of use, experimental flexibility, and a seamless transition from in vitro to in vivo applications. In this Prospect, I argue that the standard for 3-D cell culture should be bio-inspired, biomimetic materials that can be used "as is" in drug discovery, toxicology, cell banking, and ultimately in medicine. Such biomaterials must therefore be highly reproducible, manufacturable, approvable, and affordable. To obtain integrated, functional, multicellular systems that recapitulate tissues and organs, the needs of the true end-users-physicians and patients-must dictate the key design criteria. Herein I describe the development of one such material that meets these requirements: a covalently crosslinked, biodegradable, simplified mimic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that permits 3-D culture of cells in vitro and enables tissue formation in vivo. In contrast to materials that were designed for in vitro cell culture and then found unsuitable for clinical use, these semi-synthetic hyaluronan-derived materials were developed for in vivo tissue repair, and are now being re-engineered for in vitro applications in research.
Catalyst/Cocatalyst Nuclearity Effects in Single-Site Polymerization. Enhanced Polyethylene Branching and α-Olefin Comonomer Enchainment in Polymerizations Mediated by Binuclear Catalysts and Cocatalysts via a New Enchainment Pathway (2002)

The binuclear "constrained geometry catalyst" (CGC) (mu-CH2CH2-3,3'){(eta5-indenyl )[1-Me2Si(tBuN)](ZrMe2)}2 [EBICGC(ZrMe2)2; Zr2] and the trityl bisborate dianion (Ph3C+)2[1,4-(C6F5)3BC6F4B(C6F5)3]2- (B2) have been synthesized to serve as new types of multicenter homogeneous olefin polymerization catalysts and cocatalysts, respectively. Additionally, the complex [1-Me2Si(3-ethylindenyl)(tBuN)]ZrMe2 (Zr1) was synthesized as a mononuclear control. For the bimetallic catalyst or bisborate cocatalyst, high effective local active site concentrations and catalyst center-catalyst center cooperative effects are evidenced by bringing the catalytic centers together via either covalent or electrostatic bonding. For ethylene homopolymerization at constant conversion, the branch content of the polyolefin products (primarily ethyl branches) is dramatically increased as catalyst or cocatalyst nuclearity is increased. Moreover, catalyst and cocatalyst nuclearity effects are approximately additive. Compared to the catalyst derived from monometallic Zr1 and monofunctional Ph3C+B(C6F5)4- (B1), the active catalyst derived from bimetallic Zr2 and bifunctional B2 produces approximately 11 times more ethyl branches in ethylene homopolymerization via a process which is predominantly intradimer in character. Moreover, approximately 3 times more 1-hexene incorporation in ethylene + 1-hexene copolymerization and approximately 4 times more 1-pentene incorporation in ethylene + 1-pentene copolymerization are observed for Zr2 + B2 versus Zr1 + B1.
Evolution of von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domains (1999)

Conference Article| December 01 1999 Evolution of von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domains D. Tuckwell D. Tuckwell 12.205 Stopford Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (6): 835–840. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270835 Article history Received: June 21 1999 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. Tuckwell; Evolution of von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domains. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1999; 27 (6): 835–840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0270835 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: CCP domain, complement control protein domain, ICAM, intercellular cell adhesion molecule, VWA domain, von Willebrand factor A domain This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived PGE2 and TGF-β1 Alleviate Atopic Dermatitis by Reducing Mast Cell Degranulation (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a promising tool for the therapy of immune disorders. However, their efficacy and mechanisms in treating allergic skin disorders are less verified. We sought to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) against murine atopic dermatitis (AD) and to explore distinct mechanisms that regulate their efficacy. AD was induced in mice by the topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae. Naïve or activated-hUCB-MSCs were administered to mice, and clinical severity was determined. The subcutaneous administration of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-activated hUCB-MSCs exhibited prominent protective effects against AD, and suppressed the infiltration and degranulation of mast cells (MCs). A β-hexosaminidase assay was performed to evaluate the effect of hUCB-MSCs on MC degranulation. NOD2-activated MSCs reduced the MC degranulation via NOD2-cyclooxygenase-2 signaling. In contrast to bone marrow-derived MSCs, hUCB-MSCs exerted a cell-to-cell contact-independent suppressive effect on MC degranulation through the higher production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ). Additionally, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 production from hUCB-MSCs in response to interleukin-4 contributed to the attenuation of MC degranulation by downregulating FcεRI expression in MCs. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of NOD2-activated hUCB-MSCs can efficiently ameliorate AD, and MSC-derived PGE2 and TGF-β1 are required for the inhibition of MC degranulation.
Analysis of bandwidth allocation strategies with access restrictions in broadband ISDN (1993)

Bandwidth allocation strategies with access restrictions for the integration of wideband (WB) and narrowband (NB) traffic in a broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) are studied. Access restrictions are placed on both types of traffic to meet the grade of service required for each. The WB traffic is assumed nonqueuable, whereas the NB traffic may be queued. As an improved strategy, an access strategy which allows each type of traffic to use its bandwidth in the access-restricted region with the risk of being preempted by an arriving call for which the overflowed region is reserved is considered. Under this strategy, the preempted NB calls are queued at the head of a waiting room, and preempted WB calls are queued in another finite waiting room. The performance of these strategies is analyzed in terms of access delay for NB traffic and blocking probability for WB traffic by the matrix-geometric solution method. It is shown numerically that these strategies can easily be adapted to varying traffic loads by changing the restriction levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>