gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Cannabinoid Receptor Inverse Agonists with Differential CB1 and CB2 Selectivity (2016)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and osteoporosis. Interestingly, tamoxifen and newer classes of SERMs also exhibit cytotoxic effects in cancers devoid of ERs, indicating a non-estrogenic mechanism of action. Indicative of a potential ER-independent target, reports demonstrate that tamoxifen binds to cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) with affinity in the low μM range and acts as an inverse agonist. To identify cannabinoids with improved pharmacological properties relative to tamoxifen, and further investigate the use of different SERM scaffolds for future cannabinoid drug development, this study characterized the affinity and activity of SERMs in newer structural classes at CBRs. Fourteen SERMs from five structurally distinct classes were screened for binding to human CBRs. Compounds from four of five SERM classes examined bound to CBRs. Subsequent studies fully characterized CBR affinity and activity of one compound from each class. Ospemifine (a triphenylethylene) selectively bound to CB1Rs, while bazedoxifine (an indole) bound to CB2Rs with highest affinity. Nafoxidine (a tetrahydronaphthalene) and raloxifene (RAL; a benzothiaphene) bound to CB1 and CB2Rs non-selectively. All four compounds acted as inverse agonists at CB1 and CB2Rs, reducing basal G-protein activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the nM to low μM range. Ospemifine, bazedoxifene and RAL also acted as inverse agonists to elevate basal intracellular cAMP levels in intact CHO-hCB2 cells. The four SERMs examined also acted as CB1 and CB2R antagonists in the cAMP assay, producing rightward shifts in the concentration-effect curve of the CBR agonist CP-55,940. In conclusion, newer classes of SERMs exhibit improved pharmacological characteristics (e.g., in CBR affinity and selectivity) relative to initial studies with tamoxifen, and thus suggest that different SERM scaffolds may be useful for development of safe and selective drugs acting via CBRs.
Spin-orbit torque in Pt/CoNiCo/Pt symmetric devices (2016)

Current induced magnetization switching by spin-orbit torques offers an energy-efficient means of writing information in heavy metal/ferromagnet (FM) multilayer systems. The relative contributions of field-like torques and damping-like torques to the magnetization switching induced by the electrical current are still under debate. Here, we describe a device based on a symmetric Pt/FM/Pt structure, in which we demonstrate a strong damping-like torque from the spin Hall effect and unmeasurable field-like torque from Rashba effect. The spin-orbit effective fields due to the spin Hall effect were investigated quantitatively and were found to be consistent with the switching effective fields after accounting for the switching current reduction due to thermal fluctuations from the current pulse. A non-linear dependence of deterministic switching of average Mz on the in-plane magnetic field was revealed, which could be explained and understood by micromagnetic simulation.
A Target-oriented Imaging Approach for Continous Seismic Reservoir Monitoring (2017)

Summary Pushing the limits of the seismic method to enable continuous reservoir monitoring requires a paradigm shift in depth imaging. The sought approach should allow generation of fast and accurate images to cope with the massive datasets acquired for such task. A crucial step for such imaging approach is the estimation of wavefields within the solid earth’s interior where no direct observations are available. Standard estimation based on seismic data recorded along an open boundary of surface receivers is generally insufficient to explain how energy propagates in the complex subsurface unless high-resolution seismic velocity models are available prior to imaging or otherwise they can’t accurately predict multiple scattered waves (multiples) in the subsurface. Practically, rigorous depth-oriented velocity estimation methods are used for the entire overburden to produce sufficiently accurate velocity models. In this abstract, we use the CFP technology for the first time to generate efficient and accurate 3D target-oriented seismic images from time-lapse field seismic datasets acquired in a CO2 injection project in Saudi Arabia. Applying the CFP-based target oriented imaging to time-lapse datasets revealed changes at the reservoir level, which is consistent with the CO2 injection history.
Some problems concerning the assessment of arterial prosthetic materials (1967)

Abstract The problems with the experimental and clinical assessment of arterial prosthetic materals vary from species‐transfer of data to vested interests once an implantale device has been perfected for human trail. In spite of all the problems which arise, there has been a steady increase in our knowledge of the basic healing pattern of implanted arterial prostheses and the elaboration of specific paths for improvement of prosthetic design. Further development will be linked closely to the active participation of the biomedical researcher in areas of biophysical and bioengineering investigations.
Alkoxyacetylenes from Alkyl 1,2-Dichlorovinyl Ethers (1992)

Alkyl 1,2-dichlorovinyl ethers 4, prepared from sodium alkoxides 1 and trichloroethylene 2, react in tetrahydrofuran with two equivalents of butyllithium to afford lithium alkoxyacetylides 5. On the one hand, these acetylides react with ketones or dichlorodimethylsilane to yield the hydroxyalkylated, 6 and silylated alkoxyacetylenes 7, respectively. On the other hand, treatment of 5 with anhydrous zinc chloride and coupling of the obtained zinc acetylides 8 with aryliodides in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst produces the arylated alkoxyacetylenes 9.
An Algorithm for 353 Odor Detection Thresholds in Humans (2011)

One hundred and ninety three odor detection thresholds, ODTs, obtained by Nagata using the Japanese triangular bag method can be correlated as log (1/ODT) by a linear equation with R(2) = 0.748 and a standard deviation, SD, of 0.830 log units; the latter may be compared with our estimate of 0.66 log units for the self-consistency of Nagata's data. Aldehydes, acids, unsaturated esters, and mercaptans were included in the equation through indicator variables that took into account the higher potency of these compounds. The ODTs obtained by Cometto-Muñiz and Cain, by Cometto-Muñiz and Abraham, and by Hellman and Small could be put on the same scale as those of Nagata to yield a linear equation for 353 ODTs with R(2) = 0.759 and SD = 0.819 log units. The compound descriptors are available for several thousand compounds, and can be calculated from structure, so that further ODT values on the Nagata scale can be predicted for a host of volatile or semivolatile compounds.
Local versus global buckling of thin films on elastomeric substrates (2008)

Local buckling can form microcorrugations in thin films on elastomeric substrates, to yield an effective type of mechanical stretchability in otherwise rigid, brittle materials, with many application possibilities. For large area films or relatively thin substrates, however, global (Euler) buckling, as opposed to local buckling, can be observed in experiments. This paper describes analytically the mechanics of local and global buckling of one-dimensional thin films or two-dimensional thin membranes on elastomeric substrates. The critical condition separating these two buckling modes is obtained analytically, and it agrees well with experiments and numerical simulations.
Conditional requirement for accessory cells in the response of T cells to Con A. (1986)

The response to Concanavalin A (Con A) of unseparated lymph node cells and of T cells isolated from them has been studied over a mitogen dose range of 0.2 microgram to 16 micrograms/ml. Accessory cell depleted T cells respond only to high doses of Con A and then only weakly. The magnitude (proliferative activity) of the response as well as the sensitivity to the mitogen can be modified by accessory cells (AC), lymphokines and by chemical modification of cell surface glycoproteins. Accessory cell function can be inhibited by antibodies directed against cell surface molecules on accessory cells (Ia) or on T cells (L3T4). Changes in the mitogen sensitivity of the response are not necessarily associated with changes in the magnitude of the response. The mitogen sensitivity can be decreased with anti-Ia antibody and can be increased by treatment with IL-l and/or interferon gamma (IFN-). We postulate that the increase in sensitivity to Con A is a function of the density of cell surface molecules with which T and AC cells interact. The magnitude of the response is primarily determined by the frequency of AC in culture; it decreases as the number of AC is reduced and increases as AC are added to the cultures. Mitogen sensitivity is a new tool for the analysis of nonspecific T cell activation. Our data bring the accessory cell requirement for mitogen activation of T cells into a new perspective: AC--or factors produced by them--are essential when low (1-2 micrograms/ml Con A) doses are used and are less or not at all necessary when high doses (6-10 micrograms/ml) of mitogen are applied.
Transcutaneous delivery and thermostability of a dry trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine patch (2008)

A patch containing a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) was prepared in a dried, stabilized formulation for transcutaneous delivery. When used in a guinea pig immunogenicity model, the dry patch was as effective as a wet TIV patch in inducing serum anti-influenza IgG antibodies. When the dry TIV patch was administered with LT as an adjuvant, a robust immune response was obtained that was comparable with or better than an injected TIV vaccine. When stored sealed in a nitrogen-purged foil, the dry TIV patch was stable for 12 months, as measured by HA content, under both refrigerated and room temperature conditions. Moreover, the immunological potency of the vaccine product was not affected by long-term storage. The dry TIV patch was also thermostable against three cycles of alternating low-to-high temperatures of -20/25 and -20/40 degrees C, and under short-term temperature stress conditions. These studies indicate that the dry TIV patch product can tolerate unexpected environmental stresses that may be encountered during shipping and distribution. Because of its effectiveness in vaccine delivery and its superior thermostable characteristics, the dry TIV patch represents a major advance for needle-free influenza vaccination.
CaHSL1 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Pepper Thermotolerance Under High Humidity and Is Transcriptionally Modulated by CaWRKY40 (2018)

Pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) is an economically important vegetable and heat stress can severely impair pepper growth, development, and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying pepper thermotolerance are therefore important to understand but remain elusive. In the present study, we characterized the function of <i>CaHSL1</i>, encoding a HAESA-LIKE (HSL) receptor-like protein kinase (RLK), during the response of pepper to high temperature and high humidity (HTHH). CaHSL1 exhibits the typical structural features of an arginine-aspartate RLK. Transient overexpression of CaHSL1 in the mesophyll cells of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> showed that CaHSL1 localizes throughout the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. <i>CaHSL1</i> was significantly upregulated by HTHH or the exogenous application of abscisic acid but not by <i>R. solanacearum</i> inoculation. However, <i>CaHSL1</i> was downregulated by exogenously applied salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon. Silencing of <i>CaHSL1</i> by virus-induced gene silencing significantly was reduced tolerance to HTHH and downregulated transcript levels of an associated gene <i>CaHSP24</i>. In contrast, transient overexpression of <i>CaHSL1</i> enhanced the transcript abundance of <i>CaHSP24</i> and increased tolerance to HTHH, as manifested by enhanced optimal/maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the light. In addition, CaWRKY40 targeted the promoter of <i>CaHSL1</i> and induced transcription during HTHH but not in response to <i>R. solanacearum</i>. All of these results suggest that <i>CaHSL1</i> is directly modulated at the transcriptional level by CaWRKY40 and functions as a positive regulator in the response of pepper to HTHH.
The Immunopathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1993)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. As a consequence of the interaction of gp120 envelope with the CD4 receptor molecule expressed by a subset of T lymphocytes and by mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), a second envelope protein (gp41) mediates fusion of the virion membrane with the target membrane. In these events the role of adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 has recently been highlighted. Following viral entry, reverse transcription of the virion-associated RNA and integration of proviral DNA into the host genome are crucial steps in HIV infection, which can lead to expression of high levels of new HIV or to silent infection for indefinite periods, a condition defined as viral latency. Several factors in addition to endogenous viral regulatory proteins have been reported as capable of modulating the state of viral latency and expression in vitro, including the cytokine network that normally modulates immune homeostasis as well as the immune response to inflammatory stimuli. Finally, recent studies have underscored the observation that the CD4+ T lymphocytes are the major reservoir of HIV in the peripheral blood compartment and in the lymphoid tissues, which are characterized by a greater viral burden, whereas in nonlymphoid organs such as the brain and the lung, local infection is predominantly sustained by MPs.
Conformational fluctuations in anthrax protective antigen: a possible role of calcium in the folding pathway of the protein (2003)

Protective antigen (PA) is the central receptor binding component of anthrax toxin, which translocates catalytic components of the toxin into the cytosol of mammalian cells. Ever since the crystal structure of PA was solved, there have been speculations regarding the possible role of calcium ions present in domain I of the protein. We have carried out a systematic study to elucidate the effect of calcium removal on the structural stability of PA using various optical spectroscopic techniques, limited proteolysis and mutational analysis. Urea denaturation studies clearly suggest that the unfolding pathway of the protein follows a non-two state transition with apo-PA being an intermediate species, whereas the folding pathway shows that calcium ions may be critical for the initial protein assembly.
Calendering of a Viscoelastic Material (1957)

Abstract The solution of the calendering problem for viscous materials is extended to include the first effects of elasticity. A numerical procedure for the solution of the approximate equations is contained in the Appendix.
Learning Belief Networks in the Presence of Missing Values and Hidden Variables (1997)

In recent years there has been a flurry of works on learning probabilistic belief networks. Current state of the art methods have been shown to be successful for two learning scenarios: learning both network structure and parameters from complete data, and learning parameters for a fixed network from incomplete data---that is, in the presence of missing values or hidden variables. However, no method has yet been demonstrated to effectively learn network structure from incomplete data. In this paper, we propose a new method for learning network structure from incomplete data. This method is based on an extension of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for model selection problems that performs search for the best structure inside the EM procedure. We prove the convergence of this algorithm, and adapt it for learning belief networks. We then describe how to learn networks in two scenarios: when the data contains missing values, and in the presence of hidden variables. We provide...
Retinoic acid increases tissue and plasma contents of nerve growth factor and prevents neuropathy in diabetic mice (2005)

Our findings indicate that administration of RA increases serum and nerve contents of NGF in diabetic mice and suggest a potential therapeutic role for retinoic acid in diabetic patients.
Operating room fires: how to prevent and minimize spread. (1999)

To prevent fires, a simple rule to remember is the "fire triangle" of oxygen, heat, and fuel. Minimizing oxygen enrichment will reduce the fire hazard. Proper protocols need to be established for the handling of heat-bearing units, such as electrosurgical pencils, electrocautery units, and lasers.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis of Diels—Alder Reaction (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sams teach yourself Outlook 98 in 24 hours (1998)

From the Publisher:
In just 24 sessions of one hour or less, you will be up and running with Outlook 98. Using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, each lesson builds upon the previous one, allowing you to learn the essentials of Outlook 98 from the ground up.
Comparison Between Arrays of Rotating Linearly Polarized Elements and Circularly Polarized Elements (2008)

The gain and bandwidth characteristics of circularly polarized (CP) arrays comprising of rotated linearly polarized (LP) elements and hybrid-fed CP elements are presented. It is found that for small element spacing, the gain of the LP elements' array is comparable with that of the CP elements' array; however for large element spacing the former shows significantly lower gain than the latter. Furthermore, the bandwidth of a rotating LP elements' array is narrower than that of a CP elements' array. The bandwidth difference is explained invoking Floquet modal theory and the cavity model of a patch antenna. Variations of gain and bandwidth with element spacing are studied using a full wave analysis and the results for slot-fed and probe-fed patch arrays are shown. The advantages and disadvantages of rotating LP elements' arrays are discussed.
A Call for Papers From the Journal Editorial Board (1996)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print CollectionsMultimedia PodcastsVideos CEResources Resources for Peer Reviewers and Editorial Board For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for Authors Call for AuthorsJWOCN Manuscript Checklist - Original ResearchJWOCN Manuscript Checklist - Clinical Challenges Feature ArticleJWOCN Maunscript Checklist - QI ProjectJWOCN Manuscript Checklist - EBRC Scoping & Systemic ReviewLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
SOI device islands formed by oxygen implantation through patterned masking layers (2002)

A method of forming islands that utilizes masking layers during implantation was used. Windows in the mask define the silicon island positions. In these regions the layer structure corresponds to the conventional SIMOX structure. However, in the mask region, where the oxygen ions loose part of their kinetic energy before reaching the silicon, the buried oxide is shifted towards the surface. The aim is to achieve total dielectric isolation by implantation and annealing only, thus avoiding a subsequent LOCOS or mesa etching step. New experimental parameters, which include masking material, mask thickness and the geometry of the bevel edge, determine the structural properties of the non-planar oxide as well as the surface topology. Polycrystalline silicon masks have been successfully used to form continuous non-planar buried oxide layers. Experimental results are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photopolymerization of <i>N</i>-Vinylcarbazole Using Visible-Light Harvesting Iridium Complexes as Photoinitiators (2012)

The photoredox catalysis approach is used to initiate the free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVK) under very soft irradiation conditions (halogen lamp, blue or green LED bulbs) using visible-light harvesting photocatalysts (mainly Ir(III) complexes) in iodonium salt and silane containing photoinitiating systems. The reactions were shown to proceed via an oxidative catalytic cycle where the generated free radicals are oxidized into cations. The effect of NVK on this catalytic cycle is discussed. Epoxy/NVK matrixes can also be polymerized. The luminescent properties of the synthesized polymers are presented.
Immersive virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation following stroke (2005)

Approximately 80% of people who sustain a stroke survive and although most people regain their ability to walk, 30 - 66% of survivors are no longer able to use the affected arm. Early intensive practice of active functional tasks in an enriched environment can lead to more positive outcomes for upper limb rehabilitation. One way in which practice intensity and multimodal feedback can be manipulated to retrain movement in the upper limb is through immersive virtual reality (VR) technology. This paper describes an immersive VR system which is both patient and operator-focused. The goals of the research are firstly to ascertain whether VR can improve patient rehabilitation over traditional methods and secondly to evaluate the usability of the system for rehabilitation professionals. Results suggests that patients respond well to the system and that careful design can lead to a VR system capable of everyday use by non-computing professionals.