gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing environmental risks: a consultative approach to setting priorities at the community level. (1994)

Environmental risk management is facing a crisis. The number of recognized environmental hazards has clearly outstripped the resources available to do detailed studies on each or to establish effective control measures for each on an individual basis. Some method of prioritizing environmental hazards is required that does not involve detailed and individualized quantitative risk assessment. An alternative approach that has gained favour in recent years has been "risk comparison", as sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and as applied in several American states and local communities. Risk comparison is an approach that involves expert panels and the interested public in a consultative and iterative process leading to widespread agreement, if not consensus, on the relative rankings of often disparate environmental hazards. An outline of steps in the process formulated by the Northeast Center for Comparative Risk at the Vermont Law School is presented with commentary regarding its applicability to the Canadian scene. Implicit tradeoffs in risk comparison are also explored, including emphasis on categorical hazards v. media quality, magnitude of hazard v. population affected, ecological integrity v. human health, social concern v. scientific assessment, and novel v. familiar hazards. In practice, risk comparison is a process-oriented and often tedious approach, but it represents one way out of the current conundrum in dealing with environmental hazards.
Use of sodium cyanoborohydride in the preparation of biologically active nitroxides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of sodium cyanoborohydride in the preparation of biologically active nitroxidesGerald M. RosenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 3, 358–360Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00249a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00249a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Parallel Scan Algorithms for GPUs (2011)

Scan and segmented scan algorithms are crucial building blocks for a great many data-parallel algorithms. Segmented scan and related primitives also provide the necessary support for the flattening transform, which allows for nested data-parallel programs to be compiled into flat data-parallel languages. In this paper, we describe the design of efficient scan and segmented scan parallel primitives in CUDA for execution on GPUs. Our algorithms are designed using a divide-and-conquer approach that builds all scan primitives on top of a set of primitive intra-warp scan routines. We demonstrate that this design methodology results in routines that are simple, highly efficient, and free of irregular access patterns that lead to memory bank conflicts. These algorithms form the basis for current and upcoming releases of the widely used CUDPP library.
Age of the lower coals of Henry county, Missouri (1896)

Research Article| January 01, 1896 Age of the lower coals of Henry county, Missouri* David White David White Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1896) 8 (1): 287–304. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-8-287 Article history first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation David White; Age of the lower coals of Henry county, Missouri. GSA Bulletin 1896;; 8 (1): 287–304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-8-287 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Introduction.The studies on which the following somewhat epitomized discussion is based were prosecuted with the purpose of ascertaining, so far as the available data will permit, the comparative age of the basal coals of the Lower Coal Measures of Henry county, Missouri, and their approximate stage in sections of the Mesocarboniferous in other typical areas. The materials used are taken from a more extended work on the floras of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri, in which the systematic treatment of the species involved in the present problem will be found.The plants so abundantly gathered from the lower coals of this region may be regarded as typical of this zone in the trans-Mississippi area;and, since the Lower Productive Coal Measures of the more eastern states is, paleobotanically, by far the best known portion of the sections, the material in hand is better adapted to immediate correlative comparisons . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection (2011)

Extended phenotypes in ants induced by fungal infections are a complex example of behavioral manipulation requiring coordinated changes of host behavior and morphology. Future work should address the genetic basis of such extended phenotypes.
Link-disjoint embedding of complete binary trees in meshes (1997)

We consider the problem of embedding complete binary trees into meshes with the objective of minimizing the link congestion. Gibbons and Paterson showed that a complete binary tree Tp (with 2p − 1 nodes) can be embedded into a 2-dimensional mesh of 2p nodes with link congestion two. Using the dimension-ordered routing, the authors showed that Tp can be embedded into a 2-dimensional mesh of (81/64)2p nodes with link congestion one and mesh of 2p nodes with link congestion two. This paper shows that the increase of the dimension of a mesh gives a better embedding. In particular, Tp can be embedded into a 3-dimensional mesh with 2p nodes such that the link congestion of each dimension is two, two, and one if the dimension-ordered routing is used and two, one, and one if the dimension-ordered routing is not imposed. For a 4-dimensional mesh of 2p nodes, we show that Tp can be embedded with link congestion one in each dimension if p = 4k for an integer k. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Networks 30: 283–292, 1997
ChemInform Abstract: NITROIMIDAZOLES. PART VI. N‐(1‐ALKYL‐5‐NITROIMIDAZOL‐2‐YL)HETEROARENES (1983)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Methansulfonyl‐nitroimidazol (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit den Anionen entsprechender Heterocyclen die Derivate (II)‐(VI) hergestellt.
Reactive oxygen intermediates activate NF-kappa B in a tyrosine kinase- dependent mechanism and in combination with vanadate activate the p56lck and p59fyn tyrosine kinases in human lymphocytes (1993)

We have previously observed that ionizing radiation induces tyrosine phosphorylation in human B-lymphocyte precursors by stimulation of unidentified tyrosine kinases and this phosphorylation is substantially augmented by vanadate. Ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Because H2O2 is a potent ROI generator that readily crosses the plasma membrane, we used H2O2 to examine the effects of ROI on signal transduction. We now provide evidence that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A and the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine inhibit both radiation-induced and H2O2-induced activation of NF-kappa B, indicating that activation triggered by ROI is dependent on tyrosine kinase activity. H2O2 was found to stimulate Ins-1,4,5-P3 production in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner and to induce calcium signals that were greatly augmented by vanadate. The synergistic induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by H2O2 plus vanadate included physiologically relevant proteins such as PLC gamma 1. Although treatment of cells with H2O2 alone did not affect the activity of src family kinases, treatment with H2O2 plus vanadate led to activation of the p56lck and p59fyn tyrosine kinases. The combined inhibition of phosphatases and activation of kinases provides a potent mechanism for the synergistic effects of H2O2 plus vanadate. Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation by ROI may thus lead to many of the pleiotropic effects of ROI in lymphoid cells, including downstream activation of PLC gamma 1 and NF-kappa B.
Measurement of a fast-wave line using digital non-Foster circuits for software-adjustable delay (2016)

Measured results are compared to simulation results for a wideband software-adjustable fast-wave line using coaxial line sections loaded with digital discrete-time non-Foster circuit elements. In the proposed approach, the negative capacitance of non-Foster circuit elements is varied by changing the signal processing in the digital non-Foster circuit. For the purposes of demonstration and comparison with analog non-Foster approaches, a prototype three-stage fast-wave coaxial line is implemented using three digital negative capacitors. Group delay is shown to be less than in corresponding vacuum propagation, and group delay is shown to be adjustable in software with varied negative capacitance. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement, and closely resemble a frequency-scaled version of prior fast-wave results for analog non-Foster loaded waveguide at higher frequency.
Geraniol-10-hydroxylase Activity and Its Relation to Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus (1987)

The activity of geraniol- 10-hydroxylase was greatly increased when Catharanthus roseus cells were transferred to a production medium for monoterpene indole alkaloids. Its activity pattern showed a closer relationship than tryptophan decarboxylase to the pattern of indole alkaloid accumulation. The intermediate accumulation of tryptamine and its later incorporation into ajmalicine indicated that the coordination of the two precursor pathways for the monoterpene indole alkaloid formation was not synchronized under the chosen culture conditions. A better tuning of these two pathways may shorten the time period for induction of indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
Large‐scale proteomic analysis of tyrosine‐phosphorylation induced by T‐cell receptor or B‐cell receptor activation reveals new signaling pathways (2009)

Activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and that of the B-cell receptor (BCR) elicits tyrosine-phosphorylation of proteins that belongs to similar functional categories, but result in distinct cellular responses. Large-scale analyses providing an overview of the signaling pathways downstream of TCR or BCR have not been described, so it has been unclear what components of these pathways are shared and which are specific. We have now performed a systematic analysis and provide a comprehensive list of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (PY proteome) with quantitative data on their abundance in T cell, B cell, and nonlymphoid cell lines. Our results led to the identification of novel tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and signaling pathways not previously implicated in immunoreceptor signal transduction, such as clathrin, zonula occludens 2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, and RhoH, suggesting that TCR or BCR signaling may be linked to downstream processes such as endocytosis, cell adhesion, and translation. Thus comparative and quantitative studies of tyrosine-phosphorylation have the potential to expand knowledge of signaling networks and to promote understanding of signal transduction at the system level.
Using coverage effectiveness to evaluate test suite prioritizations (2007)

Regression test suite prioritization techniques reorder a test suite with the goal of ensuring that the reorganized test suite finds faults faster than the initial ordering. It is challenging to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of a new test case arrangement because existing metrics (i) require fault seeding or (ii) ignore test case costs. This paper presents a coverage effectiveness (CE) metric that (i) obviates the need to seed faults into the program under test and (ii) incorporates available data about test case execution times. A test suite is awarded a high CE value when it quickly covers the test requirements. It is possible to calculate coverage effectiveness regardless of the coverage criterion that is chosen to evaluate test case quality. The availability of an open source CE calculator enables future case studies and controlled experiments to use coverage effectiveness when evaluating different approaches to test suite prioritization.
A simple method for genotyping the bovine growth hormone gene (1997)

An allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method was developed to determine the genotypes at the bovine growth hormone locus that result from two nucleotide substitutions in exon 5 of the gene. This method was a multiplex PCR (ASM–PCR) employing a common primer pair and two allele‐specific reverse primers. The common primer pair was designed to amplify a target region containing two substitution points from the three variants of the bovine growth hormone gene. The allele‐specific primers were designed to be mismatched with other genotypes at the 3' end of oligonucleotides. When the common and allele‐specific reverse primers competed with each other, the shorter allele‐specific fragments were amplified preferentially. Consequently, the PCR products of the variant‐specific fragments were 347, 483 and 656 bp for alleles A, B and C, respectively, of the bovine growth hormone gene. Genotypes of the bovine growth hormone gene were easily identified by agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products. The results suggested that this multiplex PCR method would be useful for identification of genetic variants caused by point mutations.
Proteinuric Potentials of Angiotensin II, (des-Asp1)-Angiotensin II, and (des-Asp1, des-Arg2)-Angiotensin II in Rats. (1994)

To compare proteinuric potentials among angiotensin II (ANG II) and its fragments, [des-Asp1]-angiotensin II (ANG III) and [des-Asp1, des-Arg2]-angiotensin II (ANG IV), the peptide was intravenously infused for 30 min at doses of 0.015, 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 and 1.45 nmol/kg body weight/min. The infusion of ANG II and ANG III increased the fractional clearance of albumin in a dose-dependent manner: most extensively for ANG II, and moderately for ANG III. In contrast, the infusion of ANG IV hardly showed any proteinuric action, even at the maximal dose of 1.45 nmol/kg body weight/min. These results denoted that the cleaving of the N-terminal aspartic acid1 from ANG II weakened the proteinuric action in the glomeruli, and the further cleaving of the N-terminal arginine from ANG III led to a complete loss of proteinuric action in the glomeruli.
The immunity to <i>Salmonella gallinarum</i> infection in chickens produced by live cultures of members of the <i>Salmonella</i> genus (1956)

1. The immunity to Salm. gallinarum infection produced by injecting chickens with live cultures of different species of Salmonella and other bacteria has been studied. 2. Salm. pullorum produced a complete immunity equal to that produced by Salm. gallinarum itself. The immunity evoked by 11 of 12 other Salmonella species belonging to group D, although substantial, was less complete. Three of four rough group D strains and an avirulent strain of B. coli produced no immunity. Although a considerable degree of immunity was produced by the fourth rough strain it was not equal to that produced by rough strains of Salm. gallinarum. 3. Owing to their lethal nature, it was not possible to be definite about the extent of the immunity produced by two group B strains, Salm. typhi-murium and Salm. Chester, although it may have been equal to that produced by the group D strains. 4. A slight but definite degree of immunity was produced by two group C and two group E Salmonella cultures. Since this immunity was no better than that possessed by chickens previously infected with either Pasteurella septica or Staphylococcus aureus, it was considered to be non-specific in character.
NTIMIT: a phonetically balanced, continuous speech, telephone bandwidth speech database (2002)

The creation of the network TIMIT (NTIMIT) database, which is the result of transmitting the TIMIT database over the telephone network, is described. A brief description of the TIMIT database is given, including characteristics useful for speech analysis and recognition. The hardware and software required for the transmission of the database is described. The geographic distribution of the TIMIT utterances is described, followed by information regarding calibration signals used to readily determine the effect of the transmission setup and the distortions introduced by the telephone network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolism of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. (1978)

Several microorganisms capable of utilizing 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate (ACPC) were isolated from soil. A bacterium which belongs to Pseudomonas accumulated cellular a-aminobutyrate with consumption of ACPC and cells incubated with ACPC medium had the activity deaminating the substrate to form α-ketobutyrate. An enzyme, ACPC deaminase, was highly purified and its molecular weight, substrate specificity and absorption spectrum were investigated. These results suggested that this enzyme was a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme which has the molecular weight of 104000 and high specificity for ACPC, Km=1.5mM. A yeast, Hansenula saturnus, is also capable of forming ACPC deaminase, which has a lower molecular weight, 69000, and higher Km value, 2.6mM.
Temperature-dependent electroluminescence spectra of organic light emitting diodes based on thermally evaporated bis-imido-phenylene vinylene derivative (2007)

This letter reports on the effect of temperature on the electroluminescence spectrum of organic light-emitting diodes based on a low molecular weight compound. Bis-imido-phenylene vinylene derivative has been chosen as green-emitting molecule because of its similarity with poly-phenylene-vinylene derivatives. The electroluminescence spectra are found softly dependent on the degree of crystallinity of the layer and strongly dependent on the temperature. Electroluminescence spectra are fitted with multiple Gaussian peaks corresponding to phonon replica. With increasing temperature a blueshift of the zero-phonon line is observed. This phenomenon, commonly observed with poly-phenylene-vinylene derivatives, is usually explained as a reduction of the effective conjugation length. Such a model cannot be used with small molecules due to a finite conjugation length. A model of thermally activated statistic occupation of excited states is used to fully describe the experimental data. The results definitely rule out any significant role of a reduction of the conjugation length by increasing the temperature. It is also found that increasing the degree of order of the molecular morphology induces a reduction of the width of density of excited states.
Modular decomposition of combinatorial multiple-values circuits (1988)

A decomposition approach to the modular design of multiple-valued logic functions is discussed. Systematic procedures to utilize a fixed set of building blocks from which an arbitrary function can be designed are illustrated. The building blocks are composed of T gates (multiplexers). The first step is the partitioning of all logic functions into classes. Representative building blocks for each class are then developed. Finally, optimization techniques are described that reduce the number of building blocks required in the design. This approach is, in principle, applicable to functions in any radix and will always yield a design for the target function. Examples are presented to illustrate the approach for ternary functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retinoic acid stimulates myocardial expansion by induction of hepatic erythropoietin which activates epicardial<i>Igf2</i> (2010)

Epicardial signaling and Rxra are required for expansion of the ventricular myocardial compact zone. Here, we examine Raldh2(-/-) and Rxra(-/-) mouse embryos to investigate the role of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in this developmental process. The heart phenotypes of Raldh2 and Rxra mutants are very similar and are characterized by a prominent defect in ventricular compact zone growth. Although RA activity is completely lost in Raldh2(-/-) epicardium and the adjacent myocardium, RA activity is not lost in Rxra(-/-) hearts, suggesting that RA signaling in the epicardium/myocardium is not required for myocardial compact zone formation. We explored the possibility that RA-mediated target gene transcription in non-cardiac tissues is required for this process. We found that hepatic expression of erythropoietin (EPO), a secreted factor implicated in myocardial expansion, is dependent on both Raldh2 and Rxra. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies support Epo as a direct target of RA signaling in embryonic liver. Treatment of an epicardial cell line with EPO, but not RA, upregulates Igf2. Furthermore, both Raldh2(-/-) and Rxra(-/-) hearts exhibit downregulation of Igf2 mRNA in the epicardium. EPO treatment of cultured Raldh2(-/-) hearts restores epicardial Igf2 expression and rescues ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation. We propose a new model for the mechanism of RA-mediated myocardial expansion in which RA directly induces hepatic Epo resulting in activation of epicardial Igf2 that stimulates compact zone growth. This RA-EPO-IGF2 signaling axis coordinates liver hematopoiesis with heart development.
Correction of Chin Ptosis by Transposition Technique (1992)

Chin ptosis occurring as a result of aging is corrected here by fibrous fat transposition technique. The step-by-step surgical procedure is described and the important landmarks and surgical points are emphasized for the success of this technique.
Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

We show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.