gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Corona-charging Properties on TiO2-Polymer Dispersion Layers (1972)

Abstract The corona-charging properties of TiO2-polymer dispersion layers were determined in the dark at temperatures 0°–35°C by the turn-table method. Dispersion layers of TiO2 (rutile) and polyvinyl acetate, coated on an aluminum foil to about 15 μ thickness, were used. The results showed the rising rate of the surface potential has a maximum at around 20°C. The saturation potential decreases slightly with a rise in temperature. The decay potentials were represented by the plot logV vs. \sqrtt. The relation between logV and \sqrtt is linear in certain range of the surface potential, and the gradient increases in proportion to the rise in temperature. This is discussed with the use of an equivalent-circuit model.
Erythrocyte apheresis in combination with elimination of fibrinogen and plasma proteins of higher molecular weight in macular disease and in uveal effusion syndrome. (1991)

Reduction of hematocrit as well as elimination of fibrinogen and plasma proteins of higher molecular weight are effective approaches in hemorheology. A combination of these therapeutical concepts was applied in one patient with uveal effusion syndrome and in 16 patients with maculopathy. The hematocrit was reduced by erythrocyte apheresis. Fibrinogen and plasma proteins were eliminated by plasma exchange. In the case of uveal effusion syndrome the filling of the scleral veins as well as the uveal effusion were reduced. Furthermore visual function was improved significantly. In 9 of the 16 patients with maculopathy a significant increase in visual acuity occurred. The therapy described lowers significantly the following parameters: hematocrit, fibrinogen, serum proteins, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation and apparent whole blood viscosity (native and standardized). In a multiple linear regression analysis we found correlations as follows: plasma viscosity correlates with fibrinogen and proteins of higher molecular weight (r = 0.82), erythrocyte aggregation with fibrinogen and proteins of higher molecular weight (r = 0.88), standardized apparent whole blood viscosity with fibrinogen and proteins of higher molecular weight (r = 0.88) and native apparent whole blood viscosity with hematocrit, fibrinogen and proteins of higher molecular weight (r = 0.91).
Novel Pectate Lyase Genes of Heterodera glycines Play Key Roles in the Early Stage of Parasitism (2016)

Pectate lyases are known to play a key role in pectin degradation by catalyzing the random cleavage of internal polymer linkages (endo-pectinases). In this paper, four novel cDNAs, designated Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7, that encode pectate lyases were cloned and characterized from the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. The predicted protein sequences of HG-PEL-3, HG-PEL-4 and HG-PEL-6 differed significantly in both their amino acid sequences and their genomic structures from other pectate lyases of H. glycines (HG-PEL-1, HG-PEL-2 and HG-PEL-7). A phylogenetic study revealed that the pectate lyase proteins of H. glycines are clustered into distinct clades and have distinct numbers and positioning of introns, which suggests that the pectate lyase genes of H. glycines may have evolved from at least two ancestral genes. A Southern blot analysis revealed that multiple Hg-pel-6-like genes were present in the H. glycines genome. In situ hybridization showed that four novel pectate lyases (Hg-pel-3, Hg-pel-4, Hg-pel-6 and Hg-pel-7) were actively transcribed in the subventral esophageal gland cells. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay supported the finding that the expression of these genes was strong in the egg, pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile (J2) and early parasitic J2 stages and that it declined in further developmental stages of the nematode. This expression pattern suggests that these proteins play a role in the migratory phase of the nematode life cycle. Knocking down Hg-pel-6 using in vitro RNA interference resulted in a 46.9% reduction of the number of nematodes that invaded the plants and a 61.5% suppression of the development of H. glycines females within roots compared to the GFP-dsRNA control. Plant host-derived RNAi induced the silencing of the Hg-pel-6gene, which significantly reduced the nematode infection levels at 7 Days post inoculation (dpi). Similarly, this procedure reduced the number of female adults at 40 dpi, which suggests the important roles of this gene in the early stages of parasitism. Our combined data suggest that two types of pectate lyases are present in the H. glycines genome and may have different roles during infection.
Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: VI. Silicon – An Old Fuel with New Perspectives (2007)

Abstract The application of silicon as fuel in common pyrotechnic and explosive compositions is reviewed. For part V see Ref. [56].
Selective discarding procedure for improved tolerance to missing voice packets (1989)

A selective packet discarding procedure for voice communication is presented in which packets are labelled at the transmitter and, if necessary, discarded by network nodes according to their significance to reconstructed speech quality. Simulation and subjective tests show improved tolerance to missing packets in comparison with unselective methods where packets are discarded at random.
Structure of the smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase calmodulin-binding domain peptide bound to calmodulin (1991)

The interaction between the peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of the smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase and (Ca2+)4-calmodulin has been studied by multinuclear and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance methods. The study was facilitated by the use of 15N-labeled peptide in conjunction with 15N-edited and 15N-correlated 1H spectroscopy. The peptide forms a 1:1 complex with calcium-saturated calmodulin which is in slow exchange with free peptide. The 1H and 15N resonances of the bound have been assigned. An extensive set of structural constraints for the bound peptide has been assembled from the analysis of nuclear Overhauser effects and three-bond coupling constants. The backbone conformation of the bound peptide has been determined using these constraints by use of distance geometry and related computational methods. The backbone conformation of the peptide has been determined to high precision and is generally indicative of helical secondary structure. Nonhelical backbone conformations are seen in the middle and at the C-terminal end of the bound peptide. These studies provide the first direct confirmation of the amphiphilic helix model for the structure of peptides bound to calcium-saturated calmodulin.
Insights into <i>Yersinia pestis</i> biofilm development: topology and co‐interaction of Hms inner membrane proteins involved in exopolysaccharide production (2008)

Primarily, three operons, hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsP, are responsible for the development of a Yersinia pestis biofilm, which is essential for blockage-dependent transmission of plague from fleas to mammals. Here, using specific antibodies, a polymeric beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-like polysaccharide was detected in the extracellular matrix of hmsHFRS-dependent Y. pestis biofilm. The production of this exopolysaccharide (EPS) was controlled by diguanylate cyclase HmsT and EAL domain phosphodiesterase HmsP, acting as positive and negative regulators respectively. Cellular compartmentalization of soluble segments of Hms inner membrane proteins, including the putative glycosyltransferase domain of HmsR, the diguanylate cyclase/GGDEF domain of HmsT and the phosphodiesterase/EAL domain of HmsP, was determined by a combination of topology prediction algorithms and construction of C-terminal translational fusions with beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. Multiple interactions of Hms inner membrane proteins were detected using bacterial cAMP based two-hybrid system. Biochemical analyses confirmed some of these protein-protein interactions. Our results indicate that synthesis and regulation of the Y. pestis biofilm EPS occurs in the cytoplasm by a proposed Hms enzymatic complex.
The number of patients required in a clinical trial (1971)

The clinician who wishes to test two alternative treatment methods may reasonably expect a statistician to tell him whether the number of patients available from his own or collaborating hospitals is likely to be adequate to give a statistically significant result in a reasonable time. The answer he receives, however, will depend upon the model his statistical consultant adopts, and it should be said at once that statisticians are not unanimous upon what is the “correct” way to answer his question. Two widely different estimates of patient numbers to be found in recent radiological literature (Boag, 1960; B.I.R. Working Party, 1963) reflect these different approaches to the question and an attempt is made below to explain how these differences arise. Briefly, the varying estimates arise because they may be answers to two different questions, either of which could reasonably be asked in preparation for a clinical trial. The first is: Given particular success rates for two groups treated in different ways, how large must the groups be in order that the difference shall be judged significant? Clearly, with small numbers of patients quite large apparent differences could arise purely by chance.
Study on the Formation Mechanism of Electroless Plating Seeds on Polymer by Laser (2012)

The LDS(Laser Direct Structuring) is one of the new direct writing methods to fabricate conductive patterns by energy beam. It uses thermoplastic polymers with an additive compound that serves as plating seed after the activation by laser. The advantages of LDS include the miniaturization of electrical components, design flexibility, and a reduced number of production steps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the fundamental mechanism for LDS and the characteristics of conductive patterns by laser parameters. These results were studied by SEM, EDX, and XPS analysis. We have used a 20W pulse-modulated fiber laser and copper electroless plating to fabricate conductive patterns on polymer. The result showed that electroless copper plating seed caused the laser cracking of additive compound. In particular, the additive compound contained in copper metal oxides atoms will be changed to copper metal elements. Also, the characteristics of conductive patterns were dependent on laser parameter, especially laser fluence.
The 2013 clinical course descriptors for multiple sclerosis (2020)

The clinical courses of multiple sclerosis were defined in 1996 and refined in 2013 to provide a time-based assessment of the current status of the individual. These definitions have been successfully used by clinicians, clinical trialists, and regulatory authorities. Recent regulatory decisions produced variations and discrepancies in the use of the clinical course descriptions. We provide here a clarification of the concepts underlying these descriptions and restate the principles used in their development. Importantly, we highlight the critical importance of time framing the disease course modifiers activity and progression and clarify the difference between the terms worsening and progressing.
Synthesis of potassium hexatitanate whiskers using hydrothermal method (2009)

Abstract High quality potassium hexatitanate whiskers were hydrothermally synthesized in one step under moderate temperature and pressure conditions. Effects of the titanium source and reaction conditions on the hydrothermal reaction rate, product phase component, and morphology of whiskers were investigated. The results show that the reactivity of hydrated titania, anatase TiO 2 , and rutile TiO 2 with KOH decreases in turn, and with hydrated titania as titanium source, it is difficult to obtain potassium hexatitanate whiskers with good morphology. In contrast, uniform potassium hexatitanate whiskers with a length of 10–20 μm and a diameter of 200–700 nm were obtained using anatase TiO 2 as titanium source. The investigation demonstrates that the initial KOH concentration, annealing temperature and time, molar ratio of K 2 O/TiO 2 , etc. significantly affect the morphology of the as‐synthesized whiskers. The optimized synthesis condition is as follows: anatase as a titanium source; 10 wt.% KOH solution; annealing temperature and time of 300°C and 5 h, respectively; K 2 O/TiO 2 molar ratio of 5, etc. A rhombic potassium hexatitanate was prepared under the optimum condition and the whisker grew along the [110] direction. The reaction mechanism was discussed.
A linear solving method for rank 2 fundamental matrix of non-compulsory constraint (2009)

Solving the fundamental matrix is an important research topic in computer vision. The relationship between the epipole and the parameters of fundamental matrix can be found from the fundamental matrix of rank 2. A new model is equivalent to the fundamental matrix of rank 2. The model of the fundamental matrix, whose rank equals 2 can be provided. According to the relationship between the parameters, the epipole and the fundamental matrix model, a linear method which avoids the objective function of unconstraint programming solving a nonlinear equation with the element 4 and the power 8 is provided. It realized stable estimation of the fundamental matrix. In the same scene, our algorithm compared with the 8-Points algorithm and the RANSAC algorithm, indicates that our algorithm has smaller errors under certain case. The comparison of results indicates our method algorithm is feasible and has stronger practicability by experiment.
Oculomotor Instabilities in Zebrafish Mutant<i>belladonna</i>: A Behavioral Model for Congenital Nystagmus Caused by Axonal Misrouting (2006)

A large fraction of homozygous zebrafish mutant belladonna (bel) larvae display a reversed optokinetic response (OKR) that correlates with failure of the retinal ganglion cells to cross the midline and form the optic chiasm. Some of these achiasmatic mutants display strong spontaneous eye oscillations (SOs) in the absence of motion in the surround. The presentation of a stationary grating was necessary and sufficient to evoke SO. Both OKR reversal and SO depend on vision and are contrast sensitive. We built a quantitative model derived from bel fwd (forward) eye behaviors. To mimic the achiasmatic condition, we reversed the sign of the retinal slip velocity in the model, thereby successfully reproducing both reversed OKR and SO. On the basis of the OKR data, and with the support of the quantitative model, we hypothesize that the reversed OKR and the SO can be completely attributed to RGC misrouting. The strong resemblance between the SO and congenital nystagmus (CN) seen in humans with defective retinotectal projections implies that CN, of so far unknown etiology, may be directly caused by a projection defect.
A feature dependent method for opinion mining and classification (2008)

Mining the web for customer opinion on different products is both a useful, as well as challenging task. Previous approaches to customer review classification included document level, sentence and clause level sentiment analysis and feature based opinion summarization. In this paper, we present a feature driven opinion summarization method, where the term ldquodrivenrdquo is employed to describe the concept-to-detail (product class to product-specific characteristics) approach we took. For each product class we first automatically extract general features (characteristics describing any product, such as price, size, design), for each product we then extract specific features (as picture resolution in the case of a digital camera) and feature attributes (adjectives grading the characteristics, as for example high or low for price, small or big for size and modern or faddy for design). Further on, we assign a polarity (positive or negative) to each of the feature attributes using a previously annotated corpus and Support Vector Machines Sequential Minimal Optimization machine learning with the Normalized Google Distance. We show how the method presented is employed to build a feature-driven opinion summarization system that is presently working in English and Spanish. In order to detect the product category, we use a modified system for person names classification. The raw review text is split into sentences and depending on the product class detected, only the phrases containing the specific product features are selected for further processing. The phrases extracted undergo a process of anaphora resolution, Named Entity Recognition and syntactic parsing. Applying syntactic dependency and part of speech patterns, we extract pairs containing the feature and the polarity of the feature attribute the customer associates to the feature in the review. Eventually, we statistically summarize the polarity of the opinions different customers expressed about the product on the web as percentages of positive and negative opinions about each of the product features. We show the results and improvements over baseline, together with a discussion on the strong and weak points of the method and the directions for future work.
Chemical ripening of the cervix with intracervical application of sodium nitroprusside: a randomized controlled trial (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to be involved in the processes of cervical ripening. In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, cervical softening by an intracervical application of sodium nitroprusside, one of the most clinically potent and effective NO donor agents, was evaluated. A total of 36 primigravid women undergoing pregnancy termination between 9 and 12.5 weeks were enrolled. In one series, 18 patients were randomized to receive intracervically either placebo or 1% nitroprusside gel (5 mg), followed by uterine evacuation 6 h after treatment. In another series, 18 patients received either placebo or 2% nitroprusside gel (10 mg) into the cervical canal followed by uterine evacuation 3 h later. The cervical resistance, i.e. the force required to dilate the cervix from 3 to 10 mm, was the main outcome variable. It was recorded using a force sensing apparatus (dynamometer). Blood pressure was measured. Adverse events were recorded until 2 h after surgery. Women treated with both doses of nitroprusside gel showed values of cervical resistance significantly lower than those treated with placebo gel, at any tested diameter. No differences were found between subjects treated with the two different doses of nitroprusside. No significant consistent changes in blood pressure were induced by either dose of nitroprusside. No headaches were found in subjects treated with the NO donor. This study demonstrates that sodium nitroprusside applied into the cervical canal induces a rapid and significant softening of the cervix, thus reducing the force required to dilate it, compared with placebo-treated subjects. The chemical ripening of the cervix with sodium nitroprusside intracervical gel is an efficacious procedure in first-trimester pregnancy.
Zeolitic Boron Imidazolate Frameworks (2009)

Abstract Baustein mit B: Kristalline Materialien, die analog zu porösem AlPO 4 sind, aber auf Bor‐Imidazolat‐Netzwerken (BIFs) beruhen, können durch das Vernetzen von Bor‐Imidazolat‐Vorstufen mit einwertigen Kationen (wie Li + und Cu + , siehe Bild) erhalten werden. Diese Synthesemethode führt zu vielfältigen offenen Netzwerken, deren Strukturen vom vierfach verknüpften zeolithischen Sodalith bis zum dreifach verknüpften chiralen (10,3)‐a‐Netz reichen. magnified image
Three-Dimensional Structures of OSW-1 and Its Congener (2010)

The 3D structures of an antitumor glycosylsterol OSW-1 and its closely related congener were investigated by NMR studies and an X-ray crystallographic analysis. The disaccharide moiety was found as a structural scaffold for the formation of a hydrophobic cluster by the biologically required functionalities.
International Mass Spectrometry Society (IMSS) (2001)

This paper gives a brief description of the recently formalized International Mass Spectrometry Society (IMSS). It is presented here in order to increase awareness of the opportunities for collaboration in mass spectrometry in an international context. It also describes the recent 15th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, held August/September 2000, in Barcelona. Each of the authors is associated with the IMSS. The 15th Conference, which covers all of mass spectrometry on a triennial basis, was chaired by Professor Emilio Gelpi of the Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Barcelona. The outgoing and founding President of the IMSS is Professor Graham Cooks, Purdue University, and the incoming President is Professor Nico Nibbering, University of Amsterdam. Similar material has been provided to the Editors of other journals that cover mass spectrometry.
<i>Acinetobacter baylyi</i> ADP1: Transforming the choice of model organism (2011)

For more than 25 years, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 has been used in molecular biology studies that address a broad range of questions. Recently, the rapid accumulation of data from DNA sequencing, gene expression, protein structure, and other high-throughput methodology has increased the ability to tackle complex topics using sophisticated approaches to metabolic and genetic engineering. While the genetic malleability of ADP1 makes it an ideal organism for such investigations, A. baylyi ADP1 has yet to become a common choice for bacterial studies. This review describes examples of ADP1-based studies that exploit its highly efficient system for natural transformation and chromosomal incorporation of exogenous DNA. These studies focus on a wide array of problems, including gene duplication and amplification, horizontal gene transfer, bioreporters, and metabolic reconstruction. Interesting results in these diverse areas highlight the utility of using A. baylyi in laboratory and industrial settings.
Self-assembly of like-charged nanoparticles into microscopic crystals (2015)

Like-charged nanoparticles, NPs, can assemble in water into large, faceted crystals, each made of several million particles. These NPs are functionalized with mixed monolayers comprising ligands terminating in carboxylic acid group ligands as well as positively charged quaternary ammonium ligands. The latter groups give rise to electrostatic interparticle repulsions which partly offset the hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acids. It is the balance between these two interactions that ultimately enables self-assembly. Depending on the pH, the particles can crystallize, form aggregates, remain unaggregated or even - in mixtures of two particle types - can "choose" whether to crystallize with like-charged or oppositely charged particles.
Low-Mass Red Giants as Binary Stars without Angular Momentum (2001)

Low-mass red giants may be viewed as stars - or even binary stars - with two distinct but very important centres: (i) a geometrical centre, and (ii) a separate nuclear centre, residing in a shell outside a zero-luminosity dense core. This two-centre or two-star perspective leads to an explicit, analytic, asymptotic theory of low-mass red-giant structure. In this theory, both rho(sh)/rhoc and rhosh . rhoc prove to be important quantities. I present new theorems and results involving these quantities, and then sketch a viewpoint which (i) links the structural and evolutionary behaviour of stars from the main-sequence through horizontal branch phases of evolution, and (ii) also has implications for post-main-sequence developments in more massive stars.