gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces (1998)

Recursive subdivision schemes have been extensively used in computer graphics, computer-aided geometric design, and scientific visualization for modeling smooth surfaces of arbitrary topology. Recursive subdivision generates a visually pleasing smooth surface in the limit from an initial user-specified polygonal mesh through the repeated application of a fixed set of subdivision rules. We present a new dynamic surface model based on the Catmull-Clark subdivision scheme, a popular technique for modeling complicated objects of arbitrary genus. Our new dynamic surface model inherits the attractive properties of the Catmull-Clark subdivision scheme, as well as those of the physics-based models. This new model provides a direct and intuitive means of manipulating geometric shapes, and an efficient hierarchical approach for recovering complex shapes from large range and volume data sets using very few degrees of freedom (control vertices). We provide an analytic formulation and introduce the "physical" quantities required to develop the dynamic subdivision surface model which can be interactively deformed by applying synthesized forces. The governing dynamic differential equation is derived using Lagrangian mechanics and the finite element method. Our experiments demonstrate that this new dynamic model has a promising future in computer graphics, geometric shape design, and scientific visualization.
A Conserved Structural Motif Mediates Retrograde Trafficking of Shiga Toxin Types 1 and 2 (2015)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) produce two types of Shiga toxin (STx): STx1 and STx2. The toxin A-subunits block protein synthesis, while the B-subunits mediate retrograde trafficking. STEC infections do not have definitive treatments, and there is growing interest in generating toxin transport inhibitors for therapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of toxin trafficking is essential for drug development. While STx2 is more toxic in vivo, prior studies focused on STx1 B-subunit (STx1B) trafficking. Here, we show that, compared with STx1B, trafficking of the B-subunit of STx2 (STx2B) to the Golgi occurs with slower kinetics. Despite this difference, similar to STx1B, endosome-to-Golgi transport of STx2B does not involve transit through degradative late endosomes and is dependent on dynamin II, epsinR, retromer and syntaxin5. Importantly, additional experiments show that a surface-exposed loop in STx2B (β4-β5 loop) is required for its endosome-to-Golgi trafficking. We previously demonstrated that residues in the corresponding β4-β5 loop of STx1B are required for interaction with GPP130, the STx1B-specific endosomal receptor, and for endosome-to-Golgi transport. Overall, STx1B and STx2B share a common pathway and use a similar structural motif to traffic to the Golgi, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms of endosomal sorting may be evolutionarily conserved.
Droplet Array Platform for High-Resolution Melt Analysis of DNA Methylation Density (2013)

High-resolution melting (HRM) has garnered significant interest as an analytical technique for a number of applications, including DNA methylation detection, due to its inherent sensitivity and robustness. In this study, we describe a miniaturized assay platform for quantitative methylation density analysis using a microfluidic droplet array cartridge. We demonstrate that the DNA methylation level of the RASSF1A promoter can be directly analyzed using HRM. PCR products were generated by amplifying bisulfite-treated DNA with varying CpG densities using CpG island-flanking primer sets. Subsequent HRM analysis on the miniaturized droplet platform shows distinct melting curve profiles associated with methylation levels, which was verified using a conventional benchtop PCR-HRM system. The characteristic melting temperature (Tm) of the PCR products was used to directly quantify the respective levels of DNA methylation density. Our approach provides a key advantage over current gold standard methods such as methylation-specific PCR (MSP), which are incapable of providing specific information regarding the overall methylation density of the target genes. The miniaturized platform establishes a practical approach to methylation density profiling from multiple DNA samples with a potential application in point-of-care diagnostics.
Enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to N-diphenylphosphinylimines using polymer-supported N,N-dialkylnorephedrines as chiral ligands (1997)

Chiral N,N-dialkylnorephedrines supported on polystyrene resin catalyse the enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to N-diphenylphosphinylimine, affording optically active N-diphenylphosphinylamines with high enantiomeric excess. The influence on the enantioselectivity of the carbon-chain spacer between the chiral function and polymer resin has been examined. Reaction temperature- and solvent-dependency on the chiral polymer-catalysed reaction has also been examined.
An efficient computational method for characterizing the effects of random surface errors on the average power pattern of reflectors (1983)

Based on the works of Ruze and Vu, a novel mathematical model has been developed to determine efficiently the average power pattern degradations caused by random surface errors. In this model, both nonuniform root mean square (rms) surface errors and nonuniform illumination functions are employed. In addition, the model incorporates the dependence on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F/D</tex> in the construction of the solution. The mathematical foundation of the model rests on the assumption that in each prescribed annular region of the antenna, the geometrical rms surface value is known. It is shown that closed-form expressions can then be derived, which result in a very efficient computational method for the average power pattern. Detailed parametric studies are performed with these expressions to determine the effects of different random errors and illumination tapers on parameters such as gain loss and sidelobe levels. The results clearly demonstrate that as sidelobe levels decrease, their dependence on the surface rms/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda</tex> becomes much stronger and, for a specified tolerance level, a considerably smaller rms/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda</tex> is required to maintain the low sidelobes within the required bounds.
Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization. (1965)

contents New introduction Preface Part one: Functionalism and the theory of integration Chapter one Functionalism Chapter two Functionalism refined Chapter three Functionalism and international systems Chapter four Functionalism and organizations Chapter five Functionalism and the international labor organization: a paradigm Part two: Functionalism and the international labor organization Chapter six Organizational ideology, 1919-48 Chapter seven Organizational ideology, 1948-63 Chapter eight The organizational clients Chapter nine International labor standards Chapter ten International collective bargaining Chapter eleven Human rights Chapter twelve Freedom of association Part three: The utility of functionalism Chapter thirteen World integration and international organization Chapter fourteen Functionalism, nationalism, and historical sociology Appendix The Constitution of the International Labor Organization Notes Index
Performance Analysis of PA Coded Pulse-Position Modulation for Space Optical Communications (2010)

A scheme of PA (product accumulate) code employing pulse-position modulation is investigated for space optical communications. Over a Poisson channel, simulation is conducted. Simulation results show that the PA code has excellent BER (bit error rate) and low error floor. In addition, EXIT (extrinsic information transfer) chart is employed to analyze the BER performance and error floor for PA code. The results are in accord with that of the simulations.
One-Dimensional Handwriting (2016)

We present 1D Handwriting, a unistroke gesture technique enabling text entry on a one-dimensional interface. The challenge is to map two-dimensional handwriting to a reduced one-dimensional space, while achieving a balance between memorability and performance efficiency. After an iterative design, we finally derive a set of ambiguous two-length unistroke gestures, each mapping to 1-4 letters. To input words, we design a Bayesian algorithm that takes into account the probability of gestures and the language model. To input letters, we design a pause gesture allowing users to switch into letter selection mode seamlessly. Users studies show that 1D Handwriting significantly outperforms a selection-based technique (a variation of 1Line Keyboard) for both letter input (4.67 WPM vs. 4.20 WPM) and word input (9.72 WPM vs. 8.10 WPM). With extensive training, text entry rate can reach 19.6 WPM. Users' subjective feedback indicates 1D Handwriting is easy to learn and efficient to use. Moreover, it has several potential applications for other one-dimensional constrained interfaces.
Process Development: Fine Chemicals from Grams to Kilograms (1995)

Introduction 1. Scale up issues 2. Environmental and regulatory issyes 3. Fun with cephalosporins 4. Thromboxane antagonists 5. Homochiral thrombozane antagonists 6. H2 blockers 7. Development of a manufacturing route for cloprostenol sodium 8. Synthesis of a potentially anti-obesity agent 9. Reagents for large scale operation
The Mechanism of Action of Aldolases (1965)

Deoxyribose &phosphate aldolase, which catalyzes the reversible reaction Acetaldehyde + n-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate $ 2-deoxy-n-ribose .&phosphatewas discovered in 1952 by Racker (1) in mammalian liver and as a constitutive enzyme in Escherichiu coli.In 1958, Domagk and Horecker (2) reported the presence of a similar enzyme in extracts of cells of Lactobacillus plantarum adapted to growth on 2-deoxy-n-ribose.The properties and partial purification of this inducible enzyme were subsequently described by Pricer and Horecker (3).Previous investigations have demonstrated the interaction of rabbit muscle aldolase and yeast transaldolase with their respective substrates, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, to yield Schiff base intermediates (4-7).These have been shown to involve e-amino groups of specific lysine residues of these enzymes.Reduction of the Schiff base intermediates with borohydride, followed by acid hydrolysis, permitted the isolation and identification of the reduced lysine substrate derivative, N6-/%glyceryllysine.Recently, evidence has also been obtained for similar Schiff base intermediates with the enzymes 2-keto-3-deoxy 6-phosphogluconate aldolase from Pseudomonas flzwrescens and 2-deoxy-nribose B-phosphate aldolase from L. plantarum (8).In the latter case, the reduced lysine-acetaldehyde complex has been identified as W-ethyllysine (9).In each instance it was essential to demonstrate a loss of enzyme activity following reduction with borohydride which was dependent upon the presence of the specific enzyme substrate and which did not occur with other aldehydes, including those, such as n-glyceraldehyde a-phosphate, which were capable of condensing with the Schiff base intermediates to form the aldol condensation products.In the process of testing this specificity of deoxyribose-5-P aldolase, partial enzyme inactivation after reduction with borohydride in the presence of propionaldehyde was encountered.
Brand Choice, Purchase Incidence, and Segmentation: An Integrated Modeling Approach (1992)

The authors develop an approach to market segmentation based on consumer response to marketing variables in both brand choice and category purchase incidence. The approach reveals segmentation as well as the nature of choice and incidence response for each segment. Brand choice and purchase incidence decisions are modeled at the segment level with the disaggregate multinomial logit and nested logit models; segment sizes are estimated simultaneously with the choice and incidence probabilities. Households are assigned to segments by using their posterior probabilities of segment membership based on their purchase histories. The procedure thereby permits an analysis of the demographic, purchase behavior, and brand preference characteristics of each response segment. The authors illustrate their approach with scanner panel data on the liquid laundry detergent category and find segmentation in price and promotion sensitivity for both brand choice and category purchase incidence. The results suggest that many households that switch brands on the basis of price and promotion do not also accelerate their category purchases and that households that accelerate purchases do not necessarily switch brands.
Cellular reagents for diagnostics and synthetic biology (2018)

We have found that the overproduction of enzymes in bacteria followed by their lyophilization leads to 'cellular reagents' that can be directly used to carry out numerous molecular biology reactions. We demonstrate the use of cellular reagents in a variety of molecular diagnostics, such as TaqMan qPCR with no diminution in sensitivity, and in synthetic biology cornerstones such as the Gibson assembly of DNA fragments, where new plasmids can be constructed solely based on adding cellular reagents. Cellular reagents have significantly reduced complexity and cost of production, storage and implementation, features that should facilitate accessibility and use in resource-poor conditions.
Phosphorus doping of epitaxial Si and Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> at very low pressure (1993)

We report on the in situ P doping of Si1−xGex(SiH4/GeH4) and Si(SiH4) epitaxial films with 1–100 ppm PH3 at 620 °C in a very low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor. The epitaxial growth rates were found to decrease with P doping. The growth rate reduction is a function of Ge composition and is less pronounced as the Ge content increases. In addition, P incorporation into the growing film is affected by Ge, which improves the concentration range and profile definition of P. A simple model that attempts to explain the results is discussed.
Poly(p-phenylene). The Reaction of 5,5'-p-Phenylenebis-2-pyrone with p-Diethynylbenzene (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(p-phenylene). The Reaction of 5,5'-p-Phenylenebis-2-pyrone with p-DiethynylbenzeneHenk F. VanKerckhoven, Yvan K. Gilliams, and J. K. StilleCite this: Macromolecules 1972, 5, 5, 541–546Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60029a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60029a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulo-type Viterbi decoder for high-speed digital transmission systems (2000)

In this letter, we present a module-type Viterbi decoder (VD) which is a combination of module operation and VD at the receiver. We describe design rules by which the module-type VD and the conventional VD have the same functionality regardless of the shape of the folded-module area or the constellation. The module-type VD in conjunction with the Tomlinson-Harashima precoder at the transmitter reduces the system complexity significantly as compared to a conventional VD.
Modern treatment of brain tumors. (1990)

Although there has been enormous improvement in the safety and accuracy of our diagnostic approaches and in the precision and safety of our surgical techniques, the long-term survival of patients with malignant brain tumors remains dismal. With an increased understanding of the fundamental biologic characteristics of brain tumors, we should be able to improve the outlook for these patients.
Infrared Spectrum and Structure of Germyl Cyanide (1962)

The infrared spectra of GeH3CN and GeD3CN have been investigated in the 260–4000-cm−1 region with prism and grating spectrophotometers. The expected C3v symmetry has been confirmed, and seven of the eight fundamental vibrational modes of each molecule have been assigned to observed bands of appropriate shape. The frequencies of the remaining skeletal bending fundamentals have been assumed to be one-half the frequency of their observed overtones. The rotational structures of two of the perpendicular bands of GeH3CN have been resolved and Coriolis coefficients have been determined. The spectrum in the region of the CN stretching fundamental indicates that the molecule is the normal cyanide. No evidence was obtained for the presence of the isocyanide. This observation is compared with those obtained for the alkyl germyl cyano and silyl cyano compounds which have been interpreted as equilibrium mixtures of the normal and the isocyanides.
Regulation of glucose transporters in LLC-PK1 cells: effects of D-glucose and monosaccharides. (1990)

Regulation of D-glucose transport in the porcine kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 was examined. To identify the sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT), we cloned and sequenced several partial cDNAs homologous to SGLT1 from rabbit small intestine (M. A. Hediger, M. J. Coady, T. S. Ikeda, and E. M. Wright, Nature (London) 330:379-381, 1987). The extensive homology of the two sequences leads us to suggest that the high-affinity SGLT expressed by LLC-PK1 cells is SGLT1. SGLT1 mRNA levels were highest when the D-glucose concentration in the culture medium was 5 to 10 mM. Addition of D-mannose or D-fructose, but not D-galactose, in the presence of 5 mM D-glucose suppressed SGLT1 mRNA levels. SGLT1 activity, measured by methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside uptake, paralleled message levels except in cultures containing D-galactose. Therefore, SGLT1 gene expression may respond either to the cellular energy status or to the concentration of a hexose metabolite(s). By isolating several cDNAs homologous to rat GLUT-1, we identified the facilitated glucose transporter in LLC-PK1 cells as the erythroid/brain type GLUT-1. High-stringency hybridization of a single mRNA transcript to the rat GLUT-1 cDNA probe and failure to observe additional transcripts hybridizing either to GLUT-1 or to GLUT-2 probes at low stringency provide evidence that GLUT-1 is the major facilitated glucose transporter in this cell line. LLC-PK1 GLUT-1 mRNAs were highest at medium D-glucose concentrations of less than or equal to 2 mM. D-Fructose, D-mannose, and to a lesser extent D-galactose all suppressed GLUT-1 mRNA levels. Since the pattern of SGLT1 and GLUT-1 expression differed, particularly in low D-glucose or in the presence of D-galactose, we suggest that the two transporters are regulated independently.
A C compiler design concept used for MAS family of digital signal processors (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of compiler design for digital signal processors (DSPs). It describes C compiler designed for the Micronas Semiconductor MAS family of DSPs, that are primarily designed for real-time audio and speech applications. During the development of this compiler, several problems related to the highly asymmetric architecture were faced. We describe the support for different memory word-accumulator lengths, the use of instructions with memory operands, MAC instructions, the use of the auto increment/decrement feature of address generators and hardware loops. Also we present ways to improve resource allocation, context saving and synchronizing code. The effects of such procedures have been illustrated, using DSPStone tests.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive Protein Modification and Its Intracellular Delivery for Targeted Cancer Therapy (2014)

Herein we report a convenient chemical approach to reversibly modulate protein (RNase A) function and develop a protein that is responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) for targeted cancer therapy. The conjugation of RNase A with 4-nitrophenyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzyl carbonate (NBC) blocks protein lysine and temporarily deactivates the protein. However, the treatment of RNase A-NBC with hydrogen peroxide (one major intracellular ROS) efficiently cleaves the NBC conjugation and restores the RNase A activity. Thus, RNase A-NBC can be reactivated inside tumor cells by high levels of intracellular ROS, thereby restoring the cytotoxicity of RNase A for cancer therapy. Due to higher ROS levels inside tumor cells compared to healthy cells, and the resulting different levels of RNase A-NBC reactivation, RNase A-NBC shows a significant specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Novel Current-Mode AC/AC Converters With High-Frequency AC Link (2008)

A novel circuit-topology family of the current-mode AC/AC converter with high-frequency AC link, based on a Flyback converter, is proposed. These circuit topologies, which can transfer one unregulated sinusoidal voltage with high total harmonic distortion (THD) into another regulated constant-frequency sinusoidal voltage with low THD, are composed of input cycloconverter, high-frequency storage transformer, and output cycloconverter. The circuit-topology family includes single four-quadrant power switch mode, push-pull mode, half-bridge mode, and full-bridge mode circuits. The single four-quadrant power switch mode and push-pull mode converters are suitable for low input voltage fields, but the half-bridge mode and full-bridge mode converters are suitable for high input voltage fields. The operational mode, steady principle, and transient voltage feedback control strategy of the kind of converter are investigated. The output characteristic curve, its relation to internal resistance, and the design criteria for the key circuit parameters are given. The theoretical analysis and the test result of the 500 VA 220 V 15% 50 HzAC/220 V 50 HzAC prototype have shown that the converters have advantages such as high-frequency galvanic isolation, simple topology, two-stage power conversion [low frequency alternating current (LFAC)/high frequency alternating current (HFAC)/LFAC], bidirectional power flow, high efficiency, high power density, low THD of the output voltage, strong adaptability to various loads, higher line power factor, low audio noise, etc.
Efficient signature-based fault diagnosis using variable size windows (2002)

A technique for signature based diagnosis using windows of different sizes is presented. It allows one to obtain increased diagnostic information from a given test at a lower cost, without additional hardware. Existing techniques that use signature based methods are limited by occurrences of aliasing that can lead to failure in the diagnosis process. The new approach proposed in this paper uses windows of different sizes based on the distribution of faults in a circuit and reduces the probability of aliasing in a window Signature analysis can then give reliable information about failing and non-failing vectors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by experiments conducted on ISCAS benchmark circuits. The results show that the proposed method can improve the diagnostic resolution and can reduce the cost of diagnosis.