gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution radar target structure description using modified Prony model (2002)

This paper presents an approach to high resolution radar target structure description that exploits the relationship between the physical structure and the down-range cross section of the measured backscatter response. A modified Prony model is used to represent the radar backscatter signal measurements as a set of down-range scattering centers, each of which is characterized by its range, amplitude, and a polarization ellipse. The modified Prony model presented uses an algorithm of singular decomposition and an algorithm to automatically select the order of the model according to the radar measurement data processed. These algorithms can also remove the spurious scattering centers. The model is applied to full polarization, stepped frequency measurements of five aircraft models at different aspect angles. It is shown that this method provides a clear and robust description of radar target and has significant evaluation of performance in noise.
Psychology of Pain (1995)

About the Author. Preface. Acknowledgements. Biological Mechanisms of Pain. Measuring Painful Sensations. Learning About Pain. Beliefs, Images and Memories of Pain. Beliefs About Control and Causation Affecting Pain and Illness. Taking the Decision. The Consultation Process. Coping with Pain. The Social Features of Treating Pain. The Way Forward. References. Index.
Dysfunctional EAT thickness may promote maladaptive heart remodeling in CVD patients through the ST2-IL33 system, directly related to EPAC protein expression (2019)

Dysfunctional epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) secretome can influence the heart's stretch response. However, the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to clarify how dysfunctional EAT promotes maladaptive heart remodeling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) through ST2 production associated with exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) proteins. A series of 55 CVD males were enrolled and their EAT thickness, LV mass and volumes were measured by echocardiography. Blood, plasma and EAT biopsies were collected for molecular and proteomic assays. Taking EAT thickness as a continuous variable there was a direct correlation between the ST2 cardiac stretch mediator and EAT thickness (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and an inverse relation between the ST2 gene and IL-33 expression (r -0.50, p < 0.01). In the CVD population EPAC2 expression directly correlated with the ST2 gene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001) causing an ST2/IL-33 system local (p < 0.001) and systemic (sST2 = 57.33 ± 3.22 and IL-33 = 0.53 ± 017 pg/mL; p < 0.0001) protein imbalance associated with maladaptive remodeling. This indicated that dysfunctional EAT is a source of both EPAC and ST2 protein and an EPAC2 isoform seems involved in ST2 production in adipose tissue. Both EPAC2 and ST2 expression were directly related to maladaptive heart remodeling indices, suggesting EAT measurements could be useful in the early assessment of CVD complications.
From “Living” Carbocationic to “Living” Radical Polymerization (1994)

Abstract “Living” carbocationic polymerization is compared to the “living” radical process. Similarities and differences are discussed. “Living” radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate to provide polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.2) are presented.
Balance Control in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis and Disturbed Somatosensory Function (2006)

The finding of significantly larger difference in bilateral SSEP latencies in patients with AIS indicated the association of abnormal SSEPs with AIS. The finding of a significant effect of SSEPs on the balance control further indicated the presence of abnormal somatosensory function in a subgroup of patients with AIS.
A high-quality analog oscillator using oversampling D/A conversion techniques (1994)

This paper describes a high-quality analog oscillator for low-frequency applications, which uses a combination of over-sampling and delta-sigma modulation. With the exception of a lowpass filter and a 1-bit D/A, the proposed circuit is entirely digital, providing accurate control over the oscillation frequency and amplitude. At the core of the oscillator is a digital simulation of an LC-tank circuit consisting of two cascaded integrators. This arrangement guarantees oscillation by constraining the poles of the resonator to locations on the z-plane unit-circle, even in a finite-precision implementation. To minimize circuit complexity, the entire oscillator is operated at the oversampled rate, thereby eliminating the associated interpolation filter. Furthermore, the incorporation of a delta-sigma modulator inside the resonator loop leads to a very efficient implementation requiring only 4 multi-bit adders and a 2-input multiplexor. The desired analog signal may be recovered by lowpass filtering the 1-bit output of the delta-sigma modulator. Experiments performed thus far have indicated an effective dynamic range exceeding 80 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Infection and Atherosclerosis (2000)

Infection has been implicated as a cause of atherosclerosis since the first half of the 19th century. Over the years, sporadic publications have appeared in the literature reflecting a persistent but relatively low level of research activity in this area. In the last decade, however, publications relating to this topic have increased markedly. And very recently, new epidemiological and mechanistic data relating infection to several different diseases, including atherosclerosis, have appeared, stimulating the emergence of important paradigm shifts in how we think about the causes of chronic disease. The following article reviews some of these newer concepts as they relate to a possible role of infection in atherosclerosis.
[Common cold: diagnostic steps? Antibiotics?]. (1992)

The common cold is caused by more than 100 virus types. However, the clinical manifestation is always similar with rhinorrhea, stuffiness, sneezing, pharyngitis, laryngitis and cough. The local inflammatory reactions are not due to the presence of virus but caused by locally produced inflammatory mediators. Bacterial superinfections may cause otitis or sinusitis. Bacterial nasopharyngitis has been described in children. This entity possibly exists also in adults. Traditional viral cultures are rarely positive and are not recommended in the daily routine. In children, antigen detection for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza virus are recommended to confirm the viral etiology or for epidemiological surveillance. The presence of group-A streptococci must be proven by culture or antigen detection before treatment with penicillin. Antiviral treatment is limited to interferon or ribavirin. New antiviral substances are in development. Today, treatment of common cold is limited to symptomatic measures, and antibiotic treatment is not justified.
CMOS smart photosensor array for optoelectronic hit/miss transform processing of cervical smears (2002)

A CMOS smart photosensor test chip has been fabricated with a 24 /spl times/ 24 smart photosensor array (SPA) to perform parallel postprocessing at the output plane of an optical correlator. The optical correlator comprises the first stage in a two-stage optoelectronic processor used to detect cancerous cells on cervical smear slides. The first stage of the processor uses the optoelectronic hit/miss transform (HMT) algorithm to rapidly scan the 2.5 GB of image data per slide for suspicious images. The output of this first stage consists of two time-sequential images coming from the optical correlator at rates up to 740 frames per second. To complete the first stage of processing a fast framing CCD camera must acquire the two images at a spatial resolution of 128/spl times/128 with 8 bits of grey scale per pixel. This produces an IO load of 97 Mbps which a digital framegrabber acquires in the controlling PC. The computer must then postprocess these two grey scale images in software or programmed DSP chips to complete the EIMT algorithm. The postprocessing consists of thresholding the two outputs of the correlator and then logically ANDing them to generate the finished HMT result, a binary image. The time required to serialize and process the correlator outputs in this fashion produces a IO bottleneck at the output of the first stage of the system. In contrast, a SPA at the same resolution and frame rate can reduce output bandwidth to 6 Mbps, 16 times less than the conventional CCD/DSP approach. In addition to reducing IO bandwidth, the SPA outputs the finished HMT result images thereby eliminating Image processing within the computer further freeing CPU time for other system control tasks.
Global Depth from Epipolar Volumes--A General Framework for Reconstructing Non-Lambertian Surfaces (2006)

Using epipolar image analysis in the context of the correspondence finding problem in depth reconstruction has several advantages. One is the elegant incorporation of prior knowledge about the scene or the surface reflection properties into the reconstruction process. The proposed framework in conjunction with graph cut optimization is able to reconstruct also highly specular surfaces. The use of prior knowledge and multiple images opens new ways to reconstruct surfaces and scenes impossible or error prone with previous methods. Another advantage is improved occlusion handling. Pixels that are partly occluded contribute to the reconstruction results. The proposed shifting of some of the computation to graphics hardware (GPU) results in a significant speed improvement compared to pure CPU-based implementations.
Enzymatic excision of free hypoxanthine from polydeoxynucleotides and DNA containing deoxyinosine monophosphate residues. (1978)

A DNA glycosylase that releases free hypoxanthine by selective cleavage of dIMP residues in polydeoxynucleotides and DNA containing this nonconventional nucleotide is present in Escherichia coli cell extracts. The partly purified enzyme, termed hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase, does not require divalent cations or phosphate for activity, and it acts more efficiently on double-stranded than on single-stranded substrates. The enzyme has properties different from either uracil-DNA glycosylase or 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase and is present at normal levels in E. coli mutants deficient in either of the latter two DNA glycosylases.
Scaling laws for plasma armatures in railguns (1993)

A methodology for deriving the electrical and thermodynamic properties of plasma armatures in railgun launchers is presented. The methodology is based on the solution to the one-dimensional, quasi-steady equations for the plasma armature. It is shown that the thermodynamic and transport properties for typical armature materials can be adequately represented by power-law curve fits in the temperature and pressure regimes of interest. To illustrate the methodology, detailed computations for both copper and aluminum armatures are performed. Some discussion is also presented for hydrogen armatures. It is shown that the armature properties predicted by the scaling laws agree very well with those derived from more detailed numerical solutions to the governing differential equations. It is shown that, for both aluminum and copper armatures, the electrical conductivity is a strong function of the current per unit rail height and a weak function of launcher geometry. This dependence is shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data compiled over a wide range of gun bore dimensions and operating conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Global Longitudinal Strain by Echocardiography Predicts Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in a Low-Risk General Population (2017)

In the general population, GLS provides independent and incremental prognostic information regarding long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. GLS seems to be a stronger prognosticator in men than in women.
Interaction Forces and Zeta Potentials of Cationic Polyelectrolyte Coated Silica Surfaces in Water and in Ethanol:  Effects of Chain Length and Concentration of Perfluorinated Anionic Surfactants on Their Binding to the Surface (2001)

Silica surfaces were premodified by the saturated adsorption of the cationic polyelectrolyte of poly(2-vinyl-1-methyl-pyridinium bromide), P2VP, in water. The interaction forces between and the zeta potential of the silica surfaces were then measured in water and in ethanol solutions of perfluorinated anionic surfactants as a function of their chain length and concentration using the AFM surface force and electrophoresis methods. In water, the electrostatic repulsive forces between P2VP-modified silica surfaces in CF3CF2COONa, CF3(CF2)6COONa, and CF3(CF2)7SO3Li solutions of 0.1 mM were identical to the force curve in 0.1 mM NaNO3 but greatly decreased in 0.1 mM CF3(CF2)9COOLi (critical micelle concentration (cmc), 0.39 mM). The concentration increase of CF3(CF2)7SO3Li (cmc, 6.3 mM) from 0.1 to 1.0 mM caused the repulsive force curves to weaken and then to strengthen after passing through a zero repulsive force. The surface potentials obtained by the best curve fitting of the force curves agreed well with the zeta potentials, which indicated a surface charge reversal from positive to negative for a high concentration of CF3(CF2)7SO3Li. These observations were explained by the formation of a Stern layer due to specific counterion binding of the surfactant anions, which increased with the surfactant chain length and concentration. In ethanol, CF3(CF2)7SO3Li always showed strong repulsive force curves, when CF3(CF2)7SO3Li concentrations that were adjusted to give identical Debye lengths as those in water were used and the surface charge of P2VP-modified silica was the same as that in water. The surface potential obtained by the best curve fitting coincided with the zeta potential of positive sign, confirming no charge reversal. This suggested no obviously firm formation of a Stern layer by the surfactant ions. This was not always the case for shorter carbon-chain surfactants, since CF3(CF2)6COONa revealed a much weaker repulsive force curve than CF3(CF2)7SO3Li for concentrations of identical Debye lengths. This was explained in terms of an increased surfactant binding, due to the polarity difference between the solvent and surfactant molecules.
Architectures for VLSI implementation of movement-compensated video processors (1986)

Architecture elements suitable for VLSI implementation and real-time operation in movement-compensated video (MCV) processors are presented. The algorithm used in the video processor is based on motion estimation and compensation techniques. An overview of the algorithm is given with emphasis placed on one of the key functions used in the prediction, the two-dimensional interpolator. A VLSI implementation is presented which incorporates design techniques of pipelining, parallelism, and module replication. Furthermore, it is shown that modifications to the algorithm can be made based on the use of a high degree of parallelism yielding an efficient structure which relieves constraints for high-speed execution. The operations then rely on a simpler one-dimensional interpolator to form one of the building blocks of the two-dimensional interpolator. It is indicated that the parallel structure which is formed with these building blocks can be implemented on two circuits and that it can operate at speeds meeting real-time requirements.
Knockdown of Zinc Transporter ZIP5 by RNA Interference Inhibits Esophageal Cancer Growth In Vivo (2016)

We recently found that SLC39A5 (ZIP5), a zinc transporter, is overexpressed in esophageal cancer. Downregulation of ZIP5 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the esophageal cancer cell line KYSE170 in vitro. In this study, we found that downregulation of SLC39A5 (ZIP5) by interference resulted in a significant reduction in esophageal cancer tumor volume and weight in vivo. COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2) expression was decreased and E-cadherin expression was increased in the KYSE170K xenografts, which was caused by the downregulation of ZIP5. However, we did not find that the downregulation of ZIP5 caused a change in the relative expressions of cyclin D1, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), MMP9 (matrix metalloprotein 9), and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma/leukmia-2) mRNA or an alteration in the average level of zinc in the peripheral blood and xenografts in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that knocking down ZIP5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) might be a novel treatment strategy for esophageal cancer with ZIP5 overexpression.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Malfunctions (2017)

Device malfunction is much broader than pump failure alone and occurs for different components at different rates based on the type of LVAD.
High-throughput polarization imaging for defocus and dose inspection for production wafers (2007)

Advances in lithography create a unique challenge for process window control with defects inspection tools. As the technology moves towards smaller line widths and more complicated structures, the sensitivity requirements for some process defects become higher, such as defocus and dose defects at 50nm or lower technology nodes. Currently automated macro inspection tools are used to detect a wide range of macro defects in the litho area, such as coating defects, particles, scratches, as well as the process defects. Most tools, however, cannot satisfy the new sensitivity requirements for the process defects while maintaining their current inspection capability for other defects. Rudolph Technologies approaches this challenge by integrating a unique polarization-imaging configuration, which enhances detection of defocus and dose defects without sacrificing the existing capability to detect other types of macro defects. The improved inspection system has demonstrated high sensitivity for defocus and dose defects on production wafers at multiple process nodes at high throughput.
Association of pertussis and measles infections and immunizations with asthma and allergic sensitization in <scp>ISAAC</scp> Phase Two (2012)

Associations of pertussis and measles infection with symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema were found in both affluent and non-affluent countries and are unlikely to be mediated by IgE.
<i>N</i>-Allylation of Imides Catalyzed by Palladium(0) (1984)

Abstract Palladium(0)–triphenylphosphine complexes catalyzed the allylic exchange reaction of allylic esters, phenyl ethers, and isoureas with imides such as phthalimide to give N-allylic products. Among them, O-allylic isoureas were most effective in exchanging the allylic group of more complex structure. N-Allylic derivatives were also obtained by the telomerization of butadiene or allene with phthalimide catalyzed by a palladium(0) species.
A newly developed model for stress induced slit-like voiding (2002)

Thermodynamic analysis of stress-induced voiding has indicated that a slit-like void is the origin of metal line open failures. Wedge-shaped voids nucleate initially at specific grain boundaries where
The Relationship between the Base Extractable Species Found in Middle Distillate Fuel and Lubricity (2003)

The compositional changes a diesel fuel undergoes during hydrotreating were investigated, specifically in relation to the changes in natural lubricity components. A unique set of six diesel fuels from the United States, England, Israel, and Spain were hydrotreated to four different levels of sulfur and aromatic content. Three different ASTM methods were used to determine the lubricity of these samples. These tests showed that the lubricity of the fuels was severely impacted by the hydrotreating process. A chemical test was developed that employed a base extraction followed by GC analysis that positively correlated with the ASTM tests. Additionally, GC/MS was employed to determine the major classes of compounds that are responsible for a fuel's inherent lubricity. The samples were aged at ambient conditions for two years as well as undergoing accelerated aging experiments. There appears to be a fuel dependent relationship between aging and compositional changes that affords a fuel its lubricity.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Protein 3 As a Putative Regulator of Nuclear Factor-κB–Mediated Resistance to O<sup>6</sup>-Alkylating Agents in Human Glioblastomas (2005)

Our results offer strong evidence for TNFAIP3 as a key regulator of the cytoplasmic signaling to activate NF-kappaB en route to O6-alkylating agent resistance in glioblastoma cells. This pathway may be an attractive target for therapeutic modulation of glioblastomas.
Packet combining systems based on the Viterbi decoder (2003)

Several packet combining schemes are presented for use in conjunction with the Viterbi decoder over stationary and time-varying channels. The first technique presented is an average diversity combiner. The averaged diversity combiner is then generalized to make use of packet weights either based on ideal channel state information or derived from side information generated by the Viterbi decoder. It is shown that the weighted diversity combiner using decoder side information performs almost as well as the system using ideal channel state information. All of the packet combining schemes discussed provide improved throughput and reliability performance relative to that provided by the standard type-I hybrid-ARQ (automatic-repeat-request) or FEC (forward error correction) systems. Performance bounds are derived for each of the combining schemes, and their tightness is verified through simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The promoters of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> genes <i>AtCOX17‐1</i> and <i>‐2</i>, encoding a copper chaperone involved in cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase biogenesis, are preferentially active in roots and anthers and induced by biotic and abiotic stress (2006)

AtCOX17 genes encode Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the yeast metallochaperone Cox17p, involved in the delivery of copper for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly. Two different AtCOX17 genes, located in chromosomes 1 and 3, are present in the Arabidopsis genome. Sequences available in data banks indicate that the presence of two genes is a common feature in monocots, but not in dicots, suggesting that Arabidopsis genes may be the result of a recent duplication. Sequences upstream from the translation start sites of AtCOX17 genes, which include an intron located in the 5′ leader region, were introduced into plants in front of the gus gene. For both genes, expression was localized preferentially in young roots and anthers, but almost 10‐fold higher β‐glucuronidase activity levels were observed in plants transformed with AtCOX17‐1 upstream regions. Both promoters were induced to different extents by wounding, treatment of leaves with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and incubation with agents that produce oxidative stress and metals. AtCOX17‐2 showed similar responses to these factors, while AtCOX17‐1 was more strongly induced by relatively low (10–100 μ M ) copper. The results indicate that both AtCOX17 genes have similar, though not identical, expression characteristics and suggest the existence in their promoters of elements involved in tissue‐specific expression and in responses to factors that may produce mitochondrial or cell damage. It can be speculated that Arabidopsis COX17 accumulates under stress conditions to actively replace damaged or inactive cytochrome c oxidase to sustain cyanide‐sensitive respiration in plant cells.