gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term treatment with metformin reduces hepatic lipid accumulation but induces liver inflammation in obese mice (2018)

The study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and inflammatory effects of short-term treatments (10 days) with metformin (MET) on the NAFLD caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6 mice. After the treatment, histological liver slices were obtained, hepatocytes and macrophages were extracted and cultured with phosphate buffered saline, LPS (2.5 µg/mL) and MET (1 µM) for 24 h. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. NAFLD caused by the HFD was partially reduced by MET. The lipid accumulation induced by the HFD was not associated with liver inflammation; however, MET seemed to promote pro-inflammatory effects in liver, since it increased hepatic concentration of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ. Similarly, MET increased the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 in hepatocyte cultures. However, in macrophages culture, MET lowered levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α stimulated by LPS. Overall, MET reduced liver NAFLD but promoted hepatocyte increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus, leading to liver inflammation.
Adaptive MIMO Mode and Fast Cell Selection with Interference Avoidance in Multi-cell Environments (2009)

In this paper, we consider the fast cell selection (FCS) with interference avoidance (IA) and the adaptive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode selection in multi-cell environments. In the FCS, the mobile station (MS) near the cell boundary can exploit cell selection diversity but may suffer from other cell interference (OCI). To mitigate OCI, adaptive MIMO mode selection combined with IA is considered for the proposed FCS scheme. Based on analytic ergodic capacity, the MS can determine candidate cells for FCS with IA and selects MIMO mode. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the conventional fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes particularly in the cell boundary region.
Examination of Some Organic Explosives by Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) (2005)

The increase in terrorist activities committed using explosives in recent years has generated the need for improved analytical methods that can accurately and quickly identify explosives and their residues. In this study such an analytical method is evaluated. In the first phase of the study, standard solutions and a standard mixture solution of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazocyclohexane), PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate) and TETRYL (2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) were examined using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). In the second phase, qualitative analysis of a real explosion residue was carried out and the explosive material used in the bomb was identified by analysing the acetone extract. In the third phase, a handswab sample taken from a suspect was analysed for trace explosive residues. Some advantages of using IMS for the detection of explosives and their residues were determined.
Mouse-Pox (Infectious Ectromelia of Mice): A Review (1949)

Abstract Introduction. Following Jenner’s demonstration that the inoculation of cowpox virus protected humans against subsequent infection with smallpox, numerous vaccine lymph laboratories were established throughout the civilized world. In 1886 Buist (11) described the elementary bodies of vaccinia and variola, but it was not until 1906 that Paschen (80) demonstrated their etiological role. During the ensuing thirty-three years, especially in the period 1920–1940, vaccinia virus has been intensively studied. These investigations were greatly simplified by the wide range of animal hosts susceptible to vaccinia virus infection, and by the resistance of the virus to heat, so that it could be easily handled in the laboratory. As a result there probably is a larger body of data about vaccinia virus, its host range, antigenic constitution, and chemical structure, than about any other animal virus. Contrasting with this wealth of knowledge about laboratory aspects of vaccinia virus is the paucity of reliable information of the epidemiology and inter-relationships of the natural pox diseases of animals.
Effects of shoe heel height on biologic rollover characteristics during walking (2004)

This study investigated the effects of shoe heel height on the rollover characteristics of the biologic ankle-foot system. Ten nondisabled adult female volunteers walked using three pairs of shoes with varying heel heights and at three walking speeds with each pair of shoes. Kinematic and kinetic data needed to calculate the rollover shapes of the ankle-foot systems of the participants were collected. Rollover shapes are the effective rocker geometries that ankle-foot systems conform to between heel contact and opposite heel contact. Parameters of the best-fit circular arcs to the rollover shapes were used in an examination of the effects of shoe heel height on the ankle-foot system. The results support the notion that nondisabled humans automatically adapt their ankle-foot systems to accommodate a range of shoe heel heights, resulting in rollover shapes that do not change appreciably. Given physiologic constraints, this adaptation may not be possible for very high heels.
KDA: a knowledge-based database assistant (2003)

A knowledge-based database assistant, KDA, is described that has a query-guide function, an SQL-like database query generator, and an interface for subset-English. KDA can be used to design the front end of an SQL database system or a computer-based SQL tutorial system. A method is discussed for transforming a semantic network representing a user's conceptual query into one providing the information required by the system to respond to a query. The query pattern is an expression in natural language representing the semantic structure of concepts. The user expresses queries by filling parentheses in the query patterns with appropriate words. The query-pattern instances thus obtained are then translated into SQL-like relational database queries. The translation is carried out by evaluating operations defined on a semantic network named G-Net which conveys knowledge about application fields, the database schema, and the syntax of SQL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Image registration for perspective deformation recovery</title> (2000)

This paper describes a hierarchical image registration algorithm to infer the perspective transformation that best matches a pair of images. This work estimates the perspective parameters by approximating the transformation to be piecewise affine. We demonstrate the process by subdividing a reference image into tiles and applying affine registration to match them in the target image. The affine parameters are computed iteratively in a coarse-to-fine hierarchical framework using a variation of the Levenberg-Marquadt nonlinear least squares optimization method. This approach yields a robust solution that precisely registers image tiles with subpixel accuracy. The corresponding image tiles are used to estimate a global perspective transformation. We demonstrate this approach on pairs of digital images subjected to large perspective deformation.
Transient siRNA-mediated protein knockdown in mouse followed by feeding/starving cycle and liver tissue analysis (2021)

We present a protocol for in vivo siRNA-mediated knockdown of a gene of interest in mouse liver using systemic delivery via intravenous injection. We describe a step-by-step protocol for delivery of siRNA particles, with tips on how to optimize dosage. We detail steps for feeding/starving cycles as well as for liver tissue isolation, followed by gene expression analysis, measured at the mRNA and protein levels. For complete information on the generation and use of this protocol, please refer to Wrobel et al. (2020).
Clinic Applications in Assaying Ultra-Low-Concentration Bio-Markers Using HTS SQUID-Based AC Magnetosusceptometer (2012)

The HTS superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) magnetometers meets the requirement for the early-stage or hard-to-detect in-vitro diagnosis because of its ultrahigh sensitivity. For example, the demand for assaying the ultra-low-concentration biomarkers of tumors is always existing. It would be better to quantitatively detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the concentration of 1 pg/ml for diagnosing the early-stage malignancy. In this work, by using the HTS SQUID-based ac magnetosusceptometer and biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles, the low-detection limit for VEGF is sub-pg/ml. Furthermore, the clear difference in the VEGF concentrations in sera was found between normal people and tumor patients. Another example to demonstrate the high sensitivity and high specificity of the immunoassay based on the HTS SQUID ac magnetosusceptometer is the detection of biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. The biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in plasma are very rare (around 1–100 pg/ml). It is hardly possible to assay the biomarkers in plasma. Here, it has been demonstrated that the HTS SQUID ac magnetosusceptometer can detect the biomarkers at very low concentrations ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex></formula> 1 pg/ml). Through the assays on the biomarkers in plasma of more than 100 people, the clinical accuracy is almost 90%. These results show the niches of clinical applications using the HTS SQUID ac magnetosusceptometer.
Crossflow Filtration (Ceramic and Hollow Fiber Membranes) in the Citrus Industry (2008)

Crossflow filtration is becoming a cost-effective and preferred method of separation in the food and beverage industry. This paper introduces the concept of crossflow filtration and describes the different membrane technologies and materials. Additionally, advances in ceramic tubular and polymeric hollow fiber membrane technology are presented. New membrane configurations and their practical impact in the industry are discussed. Typical filtration applications in the citrus industry such as fruit juice clarification, clean-in-place (CIP) solutions recovery, and water recovery applications are highlighted. Paper published with permission.
Interconnect design with VLSI CMOS (1995)

Historically, high-performance logic circuit interchip design has focused on bipolar emitter-coupled logic (ECL) circuits and signals, but VLSI CMOS has attained performance levels at which problems unique to its characteristics must be addressed for design optimization. In this paper, CMOS interchip circuit models are applied to develop packaging and wiring constraints for synchronous communication.
Radar Scattering and Target Imaging Obtained Using Ramp-Response Techniques (2007)

The response from targets illuminated by a transient plane wave the time dependence of which takes the form of a ramp function has been used to generate signatures for conductive and penetrable targets. Modified geometrical profile functions of various targets are used to generate their ramp response, which in turn is used to evaluate their scattered fields as a function of frequency. In early time, the ramp response is proportional to the physical cross-sectional area of the target (as a function of time or distance as the wave propagates over the target). Thus, the ramp response can be generated from the target's geometry. This is then Fourier transformed to obtain the spectrum of the ramp response. To obtain the spectrum of the impulse response, this result is simply multiplied by (jomega) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where omega is the angular frequency. These simple steps can be readily performed by anyone with an electrical engineering background to obtain the backscattered fields to a reasonable approximation. These same fundamentals can also be used to approximate a target's image from the measured ramp response. This has been done for axial incidence of rotationally symmetric targets. It can be extended to non-rotationally symmetric targets using an iterative process.
Network Robustness and Fragility: Percolation on Random Graphs (2000)

Recent work on the Internet, social networks, and the power grid has addressed the resilience of these networks to either random or targeted deletion of network nodes or links. Such deletions include, for example, the failure of Internet routers or power transmission lines. Percolation models on random graphs provide a simple representation of this process but have typically been limited to graphs with Poisson degree distribution at their vertices. Such graphs are quite unlike real-world networks, which often possess power-law or other highly skewed degree distributions. In this paper we study percolation on graphs with completely general degree distribution, giving exact solutions for a variety of cases, including site percolation, bond percolation, and models in which occupation probabilities depend on vertex degree. We discuss the application of our theory to the understanding of network resilience.
Palladium-catalyzed trimethylenemethane reaction to form methylenetetrahydrofurans. Aldehyde and ketone substrates and the tin effect (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed trimethylenemethane reaction to form methylenetetrahydrofurans. Aldehyde and ketone substrates and the tin effectBarry M. Trost, Steven A. King, and Thomas SchmidtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 15, 5902–5915Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00197a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1452Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
RoSS: Virtual Reality Robotic Surgical Simulator for the da Vinci Surgical System (2008)

Lack of force feedback and need for dexterous hand movement makes mastering the da Vincireg surgical system (DVSS) a challenging task. As a solution, we present our robotic surgical simulator (RoSS) system as a means of training for DVSS. In this research, we have developed a two handed 6 DOF virtual reality trainer for acquiring basic skill sets that are needed to perform surgery successfully using DVSS. In this paper we discuss the mapping between RoSS and DVSS master's and the preliminary skill training modules.
Review of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors on Rheumatoid Arthritis (2007)

Advanced knowledges of cellular and molecular biology led to the development of therapies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The introduction of biologic agents into clinical practice has had a profound effect on the current management of RA. These agents can rapidly enhance functional status and inhibit the progression of joint damage from the disease.Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are the representative biologic agents for the treatment of RA. Their clinical efficacy and safety were revealed through many clinical trails. Novel TNF inhibitors and other biologic agents for the treatment of RA are developing continuously. Promising biologic agents such as TNF inhibitors have become an important part of treatment armamentarium for RA, although they have some side effects and problems to be solved. These agents may contribute to achieve the sustained remission and eventually cure of RA. Currently available TNF inhibitors in Korea include etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab.This review article introduces past, present, and future of the TNF inhibitors and suggests guidelines for the proper use of them on RA.
Immunogenic and isotype‐specific responses to russian and US cold‐adapted influenza a vaccine donor strains A/Leningrad/134/17/57, A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) in mice (2001)

The immunogenicity of the Russian cold-adapted (ca) donor stains, A/Leningrad (Len)/134/17/57 and A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and the US strain A/Ann Arbor (AA)/6/60-ca, were compared in BALB/c mice with their respective wild-type parental viruses. Each ca donor strain was less immunogenic than its wild-type parent. The vaccinating dose, when administered twice, which prevented multiplication of a standard challenge of parental wild-type virus in 50% of mice (the 50% protective dose or PD50), was shown for A/Len/134/17/57-ca, A/Len/134/47/57-ca, and A/AA/6/60-ca to be 103.77, 104.32, and 104.70, respectively. These findings were extended by measuring the number of antibody secreting cells induced in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected with the same ca donors using an ELISPOT assay. When each donor strain was administered twice at a dose of 100 PD50 over a 3-week interval, the overall immunoglobulin isotype antibody secreting cell profiles were shown to be similar. However, A/Len/134/17/57-ca and A/Len/134/47/57-ca induced significantly higher total immunoglobulin responses in the lungs than A/AA/6/60-ca (P < 0.05). A/Len/134/17/57-ca also induced a significantly greater IgA response in the lungs than A/AA/6/60-ca (P < 0.05). These results suggest that A/Len/134/17/57-ca is a superior immunogen to A/Len/134/47/57-ca which in turn is more immunogenic than A/AA/6/60-ca. J. Med. Virol. 65:171–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Low Temperature Oxidation of Silicon in a Microwave‐Discharged Oxygen Plasma (1985)

Silicon dioxide growth in an oxygen plasma is investigated using newly developed microwave discharge equipment with electron cyclotron resonance. It is found that the plasma oxidation kinetics can be explained by the Cabrera‐Mott model, in which the drift motion of ions is assumed, rather than by the Deal‐Grove thermal oxidation model. The drift motion of oxygen ions across the oxide film under the influence of self‐bias in the plasma is considered to be the plasma oxidation mechanism. Infrared absorption and etch‐rate measurements reveal that the physical properties of plasma oxidized at 600°C are structurally quite comparable to those of thermally oxidized .
The carboxyl-terminal region of thioesterase II participates in the interaction with fatty acid synthase. Use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to identify a carboxyl-terminally truncated form of the enzyme. (1990)

Medium-chain S-acyl fatty acid synthase thioester hydrolase (thioesterase II), a discrete 263-residue serine active-site enzyme, modifies the product specificity of the de novo lipogenic pathway in certain specialized tissues by hydrolyzing the thioester bond linking the growing acyl chain to the 4'-phosphopantetheine of the fatty acid synthase. Modification of one thioesterase II cysteine thiol with thionitrobenzoate inhibited interaction with the S-acyl-fatty acid synthase substrate but not with acyl-CoA model substrates. The identity of the sensitive cysteine residue was determined by treatment of the thionitrobenzoyl enzyme with cyanide and cleavage at the amino-terminal side of the S-cyanocysteinyl residue. Two small cleavage products were isolated; their molecular masses (889 and 675 Da) and amino acid compositions indicated that both originated from cleavage at Cys256. A new technique of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was utilized to confirm that the heterogeneity displayed by the products of S-cyanocysteinyl cleavage resulted from the presence, in the purified preparations, of both full-length and a truncated form of the enzyme missing the carboxyl-terminal Leu-Thr peptide. The proportion of full-length polypeptide present appeared to correlate with the activity of the enzyme toward its natural substrate. The results of modification of Cys256 by thionitrobenzoate and removal of residues 262 and 263 by endogenous proteases indicate that integrity of the carboxyl-terminal region is important for interaction with its acyl-fatty acid synthase substrate.
Run-time versus compile-time instruction scheduling in superscalar (RISC) processors: performance and tradeoffs (2002)

The RISC revolution has spurred the development of processors with increasing degrees of instruction level parallelism (ILP). In order to realize the full potential of these processors, multiple instructions must continuously be issued and executed in a single cycle. Consequently, instruction scheduling plays a crucial role as an optimization in this context. While early attempts at instruction scheduling were limited to compile-time approaches, the current trends are aimed at providing dynamic support in hardware. In this paper, we present the results of a detailed comparative study of the performance advantages to be derived by the spectrum of instruction scheduling approaches: from limited basic-block schedulers in the compiler, to novel and aggressive schedulers in hardware. A significant portion of our experimental study via simulations, is devoted to understanding the performance advantages of run-time scheduling. Our results indicate it to be effective in extracting the ILP inherent to the program trace being scheduled, over a wide range of machine and program parameters. Furthermore, we also show that this effectiveness can be further enhanced by a simple basic-block scheduler in the compiler, which optimizes for the presence of the run-time scheduler in the target; current basic-block schedulers are not designed to take advantage of this feature. We demonstrate this fact by presenting a novel basic-block scheduling algorithm that is sensitive to the lookahead hardware in the target processor.
Theoretical Efficiency Limits of a Serial and Parallel Linear-Assisted Switching Converter as an Envelope Amplifier (2013)

This paper presents a theoretical analysis and an optimization method for envelope amplifiers. Highly efficient envelope amplifiers based on a switching converter in parallel or in series with a linear regulator are analyzed and optimized. The results of the optimization process are shown, and these two architectures are compared regarding their complexity and efficiency. The proposed optimization method is based on the knowledge of the transmitted signal type (OFDM, WCDMA...), and it can be applied to any signal type as long as the envelope probability distribution is known. Finally, it is shown that both analyzed architectures have an inherent efficiency limit.