gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of recombinant human casein kinase II subunits α and β from bacteria (1991)

cDNA encoding the casein kinase II (CKII) subunits alpha and beta of human origin were expressed in Escherichia coli using expression vector pT7-7. Significant expression was obtained with E. coli BL21(DE3). The CKII subunits accounted for approximately 30% of the bacterial protein; however, most of the expressed proteins were produced in an insoluble form. The recombinant CKII alpha subunit was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, followed by phosphocellulose and heparin-agarose chromatography. The recombinant CKII beta subunit was extracted from the insoluble pellet and purified in a single step on phosphocellulose. From 10 g bacterial cells, the yield of soluble protein was 12 mg alpha subunit and 5 mg beta subunit. SDS/PAGE analysis of the purified recombinant proteins indicated molecular masses of 42 kDa and 26 kDa for the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, in agreement with the molecular masses determined for the subunits of the native enzyme. The recombinant alpha subunit exhibited protein kinase activity which was greatest in the absence of monovalent ions. With increasing amounts of salt, alpha subunit kinase activity declined rapidly. Addition of the beta subunit led to maximum stimulation at a 1:1 ratio of both subunits. Using a synthetic peptide (RRRDDDSDDD) as a substrate, the maximum protein kinase stimulation observed was fourfold under the conditions used. The Km of the reconstituted enzyme for the synthetic peptide (80 microM) was comparable to the mammalian enzyme (40-60 microM), whereas the alpha subunit alone had a Km of 240 microM. After sucrose density gradient analysis, the reconstituted holoenzyme sedimented at the same position as the mammalian CKII holoenzyme.
Role of the Surfactant Polar Head Structure in Protein−Surfactant Complexation:  Zein Protein Solubilization by SDS and by SDS/C<sub>12</sub>E<i><sub>n</sub></i> Surfactant Solutions (2003)

The ability of anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to solubilize the water-insoluble protein zein in aqueous solution, referred to as the zein solubilization test, has been utilized in the past to rank the skin irritation potential and protein denaturation potential of these surfactants. With this in mind, the effects of the concentrations of SDS and of zein on zein solubilization were investigated. The behavior of the SDS−zein solutions was analyzed using a mass-balance approach that suggests that the solubilization of the zein protein induced by SDS occurs at the onset of cooperative binding of SDS to the zein protein. On the basis of the relative amounts of SDS bound to solid (undissolved) and dissolved zein, it is proposed that zein solubilization occurs when SDS denatures the solid zein protein. The effect of adding the nonionic surfactants dodecyl n(ethylene oxide) (C12En) (n = 4, 6, and 8) to SDS solutions on the interactions between SDS and zein was also investigated. The addition of the C12En surfactants led to a decrease in the ability of SDS to solubilize zein, with the greatest decrease occurring for C12E8 and the smallest decrease occurring for C12E4. The reduced ability of SDS to solubilize zein in the presence of the C12En surfactants was analyzed using a molecular-thermodynamic theory of polymer-surfactant complexation. This analysis suggests that as the head size (determined by n) or the concentration of the C12En nonionic surfactant increases, there is an increase in the steric repulsions between the zein protein and the SDS/C12En mixed micelles that complex with zein. This increased repulsion, in turn, reduces the driving force to form a cooperatively bound surfactant−protein complex and leads to a reduction in the zein solubilization capacity of the surfactant solution. Our findings can be utilized to design surfactant solutions that are less irritating to the skin through their reduced ability to solubilize zein. Moreover, implementing our findings to protein−surfactant interactions in general, they indicate that the ability of a surfactant to denature proteins can be tailored through the appropriate mixing with other surfactants, leading to a useful way to design surfactant systems that are less denaturing to proteins.
WHEELS OF PROGRESS (2001)

Research work in progress is described, aimed at compelling drivers to comply with speed limit restrictions using Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) technology. Research work in the UK, Sweden, Norway and Holland is described which shows that current technology would allow such systems into production, but in spite of positive implications of ISA in terms of road safety, it is suggested that the political will to agree its implementation is thought lacking. ISA technology is based on a system of intervention that relies on computer, satellite and communication systems. Vehicles are fitted with a computer processor with an electronic map containing details of speed restrictions. Electronic links to the haptic throttle through the vehicle management system ensures that computer-generated instructions can control the vehicle. Further links are made to a Global Positioning System (GPS) or a Differential GPS (DGPS) to locate the vehicle relative to the electronic map. If the vehicle is exceeding a speed limit, then electronic control of fuel management and/or braking will reduce speed to the level required.
Polydnavirus DNA of the braconid wasp Chelonus inanitus is integrated in the wasp's genome and excised only in later pupal and adult stages of the female (1996)

Many endoparasitic wasps inject, along with the egg, polydnavirus into their insect hosts, the virus being a prerequisite for successful parasitoid development. The genome of polydnaviruses consists of multiple circular dsDNA molecules of variable size. We show for a 12 kbp segment of the braconid Chelonus inanitus (CiV12) that it is integrated into the wasp genome. This is the first direct demonstration of integration for a bracovirus. PCR data indicated that the integrated form of CiV12 was present in all male and female stages investigated while the excised circular virus DNA only appeared in females after a specific stage in pupal-adult development. The data also indicated that after excision of virus DNA the genomic DNA was rejoined. This has not yet been reported for any polydnavirus. Sequence analyses in the junction regions revealed the presence of an imperfect consensus sequence of 15 nucleotides in CiV12, in each terminus of the integrated virus DNA and in the rejoined genomic DNA. Within these repeats two sequence types (ATA, TAC) were observed in the various virus clones and in the clones encompassing the rejoined genomic DNA; they corresponded to the sequence type in the right and left junction, respectively. To explain this, we propose a model of virus DNA replication in which the genomic DNA is folded to juxtapose the direct repeat of the left with that of the right junction; recombination at specific sites would then yield the two types of virus and rejoined genomic DNA.
A novel replication-defective HSV-1 vector for regulatable gene delivery to wounds (2004)

Theopold, Christoph F.P. MD; Gheerardyn, Raphael MD; Bleiziffer, Oliver MD; Velander, Patrik E. MD, AFRCSI; Yao, Feng PhD; Eriksson, Elof MD, FACS Author Information
Improved Clustering Algorithm for Change Detection in Remote Sensing (2008)

Given quantization and clustering classification of the deviations between TM and ETM+ multibandwidth images based on approved thresholds, a calibration algorithm for the correlation coefficient in multi-bandwidth images is suggested in this paper. This experiment detected strong and proportional correlation relationship between the highest area of land surface temperature and the lowest area of vegetation index. 1.
Composition of fatty acids obtained by decomposition of castor oil fatty acid estolides (1982)

Abstract The composition (wt %) of the fatty acids obtained by decomposition of castor oil fatty acid estolides and distillation was determined by a combination of spectroscopic (ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared), chromatographic (thin layer on Silica Gel G modified with silver nitrate and ammonium hydroxide, gas liquid) and chemical (partial reduction and periodate/permanganate oxidation) techniques and found to be 16:0, 2.7; 18:0, 2.6; 18:1, 5.2; conjugated cis,trans (trans,cis) ‐18:2, 34.4; conjugated cis,cis ‐18:2, 9.7; conjugated trans,trans ‐18:2, 3.9; 9‐ cis ,12‐ trans ‐18:2, 20.8; 9‐ trans ,12‐ cis ‐18:2, 2.3; and 9‐ cis ,‐18:2, 18.4.
Versatile modes of peptide recognition by the ClpX N domain mediate alternative adaptor‐binding specificities in different bacterial species (2009)

ClpXP, an AAA+ protease, plays key roles in protein-quality control and many regulatory processes in bacteria. The N-terminal domain of the ClpX component of ClpXP is involved in recognition of many protein substrates, either directly or by binding the SspB adaptor protein, which delivers specific classes of substrates for degradation. Despite very limited sequence homology between the E. coli and C. crescentus SspB orthologs, each of these adaptors can deliver substrates to the ClpXP enzyme from the other bacterial species. We show that the ClpX N domain recognizes different sequence determinants in the ClpX-binding (XB) peptides of C. crescentus SspBalpha and E. coli SspB. The C. crescentus XB determinants span 10 residues and involve interactions with multiple side chains, whereas the E. coli XB determinants span half as many residues with only a few important side chain contacts. These results demonstrate that the N domain of ClpX functions as a highly versatile platform for peptide recognition, allowing the emergence during evolution of alternative adaptor-binding specificities. Our results also reveal highly conserved residues in the XB peptides of both E. coli SspB and C. crescentus SspBalpha that play no detectable role in ClpX-binding or substrate delivery.
Drag Force Reduction and VIV Suppression of Circular Cylinders Using Radial Water Jets (2003)

Deep-water oilfield developments demand accurate predictions of vortex induced vibrations (VIV) of risers and free span pipelines subjected to ocean current. In order to prolong operational life of such structures, VIV suppression devices such as helical strakes or shrouds are often employed. Such devices will, however, imply certain disadvantages such as drag amplification and increased operational costs. Therefore the quest for effective suppression devices with a minimum of such drawbacks is still ongoing. The present paper presents a novel approach for VIV suppression based on radial water jets from prescribed patterns of circular openings in the cylinder wall. Jet flow will introduce a disturbance that will change VIV amplitudes. The alternation of the flow pattern must be understood to have both 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D effects. 2-D effects will influence the local pressure on the cylinder surface by altering the separation point as well as creating a general disturbance to the flow, while the 3-D effects involve changes in correlation of the vortex shedding process along the span of the cylinder. Results will be presented from experiments in a towing tank testing four 2m long spring supported cylinders with diameter 0.1m and three different patterns of radial water jets. One cylinder has three straight rows of holes at angular positions 0° and ±120° with respect to the ambient flow. The second has two straight rows of holes at positions ±120° with respect to the ambient flow, while the last has one straight line of holes blowing directly upstream. Since the first can be said to consist of the two latter, comparing them to each other gives valuable information in order to understand the physics of the first. The volume flow rate and reduced velocity have been varied in the tests. Oscillation amplitudes, frequencies, added mass and drag force coefficients are presented and compared to a smooth cylinder.
Trogocytosis Is a Gateway to Characterize Functional Diversity in Melanoma-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clones (2011)

Trogocytosis, the transfer of membrane patches from target to immune effector cells, is a signature of tumor-T cell interaction. In this study, we used the trogocytosis phenomenon to study functional diversity within tumor-specific T cell clones with identical TCR specificity. MART-1(26-35)-specific CD8 T cell clones, which differed in their trogocytosis capacity (low [2D11], intermediate [2G1], high [2E2]), were generated from melanoma patients. Functional evaluation of the clones showed that the percentage of trogocytosis-capable T cells closely paralleled each clone's IFN-γ and TNF-α production, lysosome degranulation, and lysis of peptide-pulsed targets and unmodified melanoma. The highly cytotoxic 2E2 clone displayed the highest TCR peptide binding affinity, whereas the low-activity 2D11 clone showed TCR binding to peptide-MHC in a CD8-dependent manner. TCR analysis revealed Vβ16 for clones 2E2 and 2G1 and Vβ14 for 2D11. When peptide-affinity differences were bypassed by nonspecific TCR stimulation, clones 2E2 and 2D11 still manifested distinctive signaling patterns. The high-activity 2E2 clone displayed prolonged phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, an integrator of MAPK and AKT activation, whereas the low-activity 2D11 clone generated shorter and weaker phosphorylation. Screening the two clones with identical TCR Vβ by immunoreceptor array showed higher phosphorylation of NK, T, and B cell Ag (NTB-A), a SLAM family homophilic receptor, in clone 2E2 compared with 2G1. Specific blocking of NTB-A on APCs markedly reduced cytokine production by CD8 lymphocytes, pointing to a possible contribution of NTB-A costimulation to T cell functional diversity. This finding identifies NTB-A as a potential target for improving anti-cancer immunotherapy.
Distillation Columns Containing Structured Packings:  A Comprehensive Model for Their Performance. 2. Mass-Transfer Model (1996)

This is the second part of a two-part paper dealing with the fluid mechanics and mass transfer in structured packings for distillation column service. The first part elucidated pressure drop, flooding, and liquid holdup. The second part covers the generation of effective interfacial area and provides a general correlation for predicting the mass-transfer efficiency as a function of surface type, packing geometry, phase flow conditions, and fluid properties. The mass-transfer model has been tested against a variety of commercial structured packings, for distillation pressures ranging from 0.33 to 20.4 bar. In all cases the fit of the data is excellent, with the possible exception of the highest pressures, where additional factors of axial mixing appear to have an effect.
Hall detection of magnetic resonance (2001)

We propose a detection method for magnetic resonance experiments based on the use of a Hall effect device. To demonstrate its feasibility, we have measured the quasistatic and radio-frequency magnetic fields generated by the unpaired electrons contained in a (50 μm)3 grain of diphenylpicrylhydrazil, excited into magnetic resonance in a 10 mT static magnetic field. The proposed technique has the same versatility of the conventional inductive method but, potentially, allows one to perform magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging studies with submicron spatial resolution.
Beyond Simple Integration of RDBMS and MapReduce -- Paving the Way toward a Unified System for Big Data Analytics: Vision and Progress (2012)

MapReduce has shown vigorous vitality and penetrated both academia and industry in recent years. MapReduce not only can be used as an ETL tool, it can do even much more. The technique has been applied to SQL summation, OLAP, data mining, machine learning, information retrieval, multimedia data processing, science data processing etc. Basically MapReduce is a general purpose parallel computing framework for large dataset processing. A big data analytics ecosystem built around MapReduce is emerging alongside the traditional one built around RDBMS. The objectives of RDBMS and MapReduce, as well as the ecosystems built around them, overlap much really, in some sense they do the same thing and MapReduce can accomplish more works, such as graph processing, which RDBMS can not handle well. RBDMS enjoys high performance of relational data processing, which MapReduce needs to catch up. The authors envision that the two techniques are fusing into a unified system for big data analytics. With the ongoing endeavor to build up the system, much of the groundwork has been laid while some critical issues are still unresolved, we try to identify some of them. Two of our works as well as experiment results are presented, one is applying a hierarchical encoding to star schema data in Hadoop for high performance of OLAP processing, another is leveraging the natural three copies of HDFS blocks to exploit different data layouts to speed up queries in a OLAP workload, a cost model is used to route user queries to different data layouts.
Stable overexpression of arginase I and ornithine transcarbamylase in HepG2 cells improves its ammonia detoxification (2011)

HepG2 is an immortalized human hepatoma cell line that has been used for research into bioartificial liver systems. However, a low level of ammonia detoxification is its biggest drawback. In this work, a recombinant HepG2 cell line with stable overexpression of human arginase I (hArgI) and human ornithine transcarbamylase (hOTC), HepG2/(hArgI + hOTC)4, was developed using a eukaryotic dual gene expression vector pBudCE4.1. (1) The hArgI and hOTC enzymatic activity in HepG2/(hArgI + hOTC)4 cells were higher than in the control cells. (2) The ammonia tolerance capacity of HepG2/(hArgI + hOTC)4 cells was three times that of HepG2 cells and 37.5% of that of primary human hepatocytes in cultivation. In the experiment of ammonia detoxification, HepG2/(hArgI + hOTC)4 cells produced 3.1 times more urea (at 180 mM NH(4) Cl) and 3.1 times more glutamine (at 120 mM NH(4) Cl and 15 mM glutamate) than HepG2 cells, reaching 63.1% and 36.0% that of primary human hepatocytes, respectively. (3) The hArgI and hOTC overexpression did not influence the growth of HepG2 cells and also promoted the expression of other ammonia detoxification associated proteins including glutamine synthetase (GS), arginase II (ArgII), arginosuccinate synthase (ASS) and arginosuccinate lyase (ASL) in HepG2 cells. This work illustrates that the modification reported here made significant progress in the improvement of HepG2 cell function and the HepG2/(hArgI + hOTC)4 cells will provide a better selection for the application of bioartificial liver system.
Nickel deposits of North America (1966)

Nickel is estimated to be the fifth most abundant element of the earth, having an average bulk percentage of 2.7. The average nickel content of the earth's crust, however, is estimated to be only 0.008 percent. The minimum concentration of nickel in deposits that can be economically mined is about 1.2 percent, or 150 times the content of the crustal rocks in which the deposits occur.
ADAPTIVE DIRECT FEEDBACK LINEARIZATIoN OF NONLINEAR (1991)

Adaptive direct feedback linearization of nonlinear oscillatory 4~5tems is discussed in this paper. The direct feedback linearizat,ion terhnique [3] and parameter adaptation are used to design a nonlinear rcm trol law for nonlinear oscillatory systems. The stability of the iivrritll closed loop system has been analyzed. Asymptotic tracking of thc 5-t points can be achieved in the presence of parametric uncertaint it.. .
Diffusion-weighted brain imaging study of patients with clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease (2008)

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are two neurodegenerative disorders within the category of tauopathies, which must be considered in differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Although specific clinical and neuroradiological features help to guide the clinician to a likely diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, CBD or PSP, differential diagnosis remains difficult. The aim of our study was to analyse apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC(ave)) maps from patients with clinical diagnosis of CBD (corticobasal syndrome, CBS), classical phenotype of PSP (Richardson's syndrome, RS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to identify objective markers to discriminate between these groups. Thirteen Parkinson's disease patients, 10 RS patients, 7 CBS patients and 9 healthy volunteers were recruited and studied in a 1.5 T MR scanner. Axial diffusion-weighted images were obtained and the ADC(ave) map was generated. Regions of interest (ROIs) included mesencephalon, corpus callosum and left and right superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidus, posterior limb of internal capsule, frontal and parietal white matter. Histograms of ADC(ave) were generated for all voxels in left and right cerebral hemispheres and in left and right deep grey matter regions separately, and the 50th percentile values (medians) were determined. The ratio of the smaller to the larger median value (symmetry ratio) was calculated for left and right hemispheres and for left and right deep grey matter regions (1 = perfect symmetry). Putaminal ADC(ave) values in CBS and RS were significantly greater than those in Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers, but could not distinguish CBS from RS patients. In CBS patients, the values of the medians of cerebral hemispheres histograms were significantly higher than those in RS, Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers, while the hemispheric symmetry ratio in CBS (0.968, range 0.952-0.976) was markedly reduced compared with RS (0.993, range 0.992-0.994), Parkinson's disease (0.991, range 0.988-0.993) and healthy controls (0.990, range 0.988-0.993). The hemispheric symmetry ratio differentiated CBS patients from RS and Parkinson's disease patients with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In RS patients, the ADC(ave) values of the SCPs were significantly greater than those in Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers. Our findings confirm that putaminal ADC(ave) values evaluation provides a good discrimination between Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms, including RS and CBS. Furthermore, diffusion-weighted imaging, by detecting the brain microstructural correlates of the typical asymmetric signs and symptoms in CBS and the SCP involvement in RS, was shown to aid characterization and differentiation of atypical parkinsonism.
Documento de avaliação ambiental (2008)

The objective of the Reforestation with Natural Species Around AESTiete Reservoirs Project for the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil is to implement the reforestation of 9544 hectares with native species of the surroundings of five (5) reservoirs throughout the state to minimize the present degradation of the ecosystem and to reduce the emission of toxic gases. Overall, the project will contribute to improve the institutional, legal, financial and technical capacity of participating agencies to promote and contribute to a sustainable management of the surrounding land and ecosystems; reduce erosion and protect hydrology sources for a better quality of surface water; organize educational campaigns among participating local communities to promote conservation of native vegetation (matas ciliares) and understand greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions; enforce existing regulations for control of illegal occupancy of land by squatters around the reservoirs; and finally, promote better coordination among inter-institutional public agencies, private and non-governmental agencies, such as, participating municipal (Prefeituras) governments, local environmental and fiscal agencies in charge of controlling potential pollutant activities, and participating non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the area of influence of the project.