gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Mixed Precision for Sparse Matrix Computations to Enhance the Performance while Achieving 64-bit Accuracy (2008)

By using a combination of 32-bit and 64-bit floating point arithmetic, the performance of many sparse linear algebra algorithms can be significantly enhanced while maintaining the 64-bit accuracy of the resulting solution. These ideas can be applied to sparse multifrontal and supernodal direct techniques and sparse iterative techniques such as Krylov subspace methods. The approach presented here can apply not only to conventional processors but also to exotic technologies such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), Graphical Processing Units (GPU), and the Cell BE processor.
Join index hierarchy: an indexing structure for efficient navigation in object-oriented databases (1999)

A novel indexing structure-the join index hierarchy-is proposed to handle the "gotos on disk" problem in object-oriented query processing. The method constructs a hierarchy of join indices and transforms a sequence of pointer-chasing operations into a simple search in an appropriate join index file, and thus accelerates navigation in object-oriented databases. The method extends the join index structure studied in relational and spatial databases, supports both forward and backward navigation among objects and classes, and localizes update propagations in the hierarchy. Our performance study shows that a partial join index hierarchy outperforms several other indexing mechanisms in object-oriented query processing.
IKEv2 Performance when Protecting Mobile IPv6 Signaling (2007)

This paper describes an analysis of the performance overheads caused by the processing and space requirements of the IKEv2 protocol using Diameter and EAP-TLS authentication when protecting Mobile IPv6 signaling. IKEv2 negotiation between mobile nodes, the home agent, and the AAA server in a large-scale reference scenario is considered. The analysis is based on queuing theory and focuses on the overall utilization of the home agent and the AAA server by the IKEv2 reauthentication processes as well as the total mean response time for such a process in the network
Energy Efficient Techniques for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios (2008)

This paper proposes two energy-efficient techniques suitable for cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radios. Cooperative spectrum sensing collects information from different users to make final decisions. The simplest information to be collected is the decision of each user, and this method is analogous to voting. First of all, we propose a voting scheme based on users' own confidence. Users vote only when they are confident about their spectrum sensing results. Simulation results show that about 10% to 40% of transmission energy can be saved compared to traditional voting schemes. Secondly, we propose a cluster-collect-forward scheme to save energy spent on vote-collection and information exchange. This scheme relies on clustering for vote-collection, and combing and forwarding for information propagation. Our scheme shows significant energy saving from 65% to over 95% compared to the broadcasting scheme. Besides, the processing time is only about half of the broadcasting scheme. Finally, these two proposed techniques can be easily combined to further improve the overall performance.
Asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (2007)

The noise in physical qubits is fundamentally asymmetric: in most devices, phase errors are much more probable than bit flips. We propose a quantum error-correcting code that takes advantage of this asymmetry and shows good performance at a relatively small cost in redundancy, requiring less than a doubling of the number of physical qubits for error correction. This code is particularly adapted for building an efficient quantum memory.
Overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. (2011)

Glucose-related proteins (GRPs) are ubiquitously expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum and assist in protein folding and assembly, consequently considered to be molecular chaperones. GRP78 and GRP94 expression was induced by glucose starvation and up-regulated in samples taken from several different malignant tissues. To clarify the roles of both molecules in tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal carcinomas, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays containing colorectal carcinomas, adenomas and the non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM) using antibodies against GRP78 and GRP94. Their expression was correlated with the clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Both proteins were also studied in colorectal carcinoma cell lines (DLD-1, HCT-15, SW480 and WiDr) by IHC and Western blot. There was a gradually increased GRP78 expression from colorectal NNMs, carcinomas, to low-grade and high-grade adenomas (P<0.05), while up-regulated GRP94 expression from NNM, low-grade adenoma, high-grade adenoma, to carcinoma (P<0.05). The expression was similar in all the carcinoma cell lines. GRP78 expression was negatively correlated with lymphatic invasion or low GRP94 expression of the carcinomas (P<0.05), while there was no correlation of GRP94 expression with other parameters of carcinomas (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and UICC staging (P<0.05), but not age, sex, tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, GRP78 and GRP94 expression (P>0.05), were independent prognostic factors for carcinomas. It is suggested that up-regulated expression of GRP78 and GRP94 could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas.
In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging with an α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> Specific Peptide Radiolabeled using <sup>18</sup>F-“Click” Chemistry: Evaluation and Comparison with the Corresponding 4-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorobenzoyl- and 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoropropionyl-Peptides (2008)

Numerous radiolabeled peptides have been utilized for in vivo imaging of a variety of cell surface receptors. For applications in PET using [(18)F]fluorine, peptides are radiolabeled via a prosthetic group approach. We previously developed solution-phase (18)F-"click" radiolabeling and solid-phase radiolabeling using 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoic and 2-[(18)F]fluoropropionic acids. Here we compare the three different radiolabeling approaches and report the effects on PET imaging and pharmacokinetics. The prosthetic groups did have an effect; metabolites with significantly different polarities were observed.
[Molecular biology of drug dependence and behavioral sensitization]. (2002)

Molecular mechanisms in the development of drug abuse and dependence were reviewed by taking behavioral sensitization induced by psychostimulants like amphetamines and cocaine as a typical example. Behavioral sensitization is characterized by three main features, progressive quantitative and qualitative changes in responsiveness to the drug, very long-lastingness, and development of vulnerability to other drugs and nonspecific physical and psychological stressors, in other words, cross-sensitization. These serial changes in response to the drug during abuse must result from plastic changes in the brains of abusers. As to subcellular neurochemical mechanisms of sensitization, the activation of three main cascades is indispensable, 1) D1 dopamine (DA) receptors/PKA/phospho-34Thr-DARPP-32/PP-1 cascade activated by psychostimulant-induced enhancement of DA release in the accumbens, 2) NMDA receptors and CaM-KII activated by enhanced release of glutamate, 3) activation of MAP kinase cascade by BDNF and beta 1 subunit of G protein. These, in turn, activate several transcription factors, including delta-Fos B, and affect transcription and translation of 4th or later messengers. Finally, these result in the rearrangement of neural networks, where the tone of the A10 dopamine pathway from the ventral tegmentum area to the accumbens is strengthened, and regulation by glutamatergic afferents from the frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus shifts into abnormal positive regulation. As amphetamines increase expression of some plasticity-related genes (e.g. synaptophysin, stathmin and arc), synaptogenesis, neuritic sprouting and elongation must develop during behavioral sensitization. These plastic changes with structural modification of neural networks in the CNS during drug abuse could induce and reinforce psychological dependence and susceptibility to drug-induced psychoses, which become increasingly intractable.
Phase locking between human primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (2003)

Unilateral stimulation of human peripheral nerves activates the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contralaterally and the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) bilaterally. We aimed at characterizing phase locking between SI and SII in response to electric stimuli applied once every 3 s to the right median nerve at the wrist; phase locking between brain regions has been proposed to either reflect joined processing or information exchange. Ongoing neuromagnetic activity of healthy volunteers was recorded with 204 planar gradiometers covering the whole scalp. After selecting a sensor maximally sensitive to activity in the left (contralateral) SI, phase locking between this sensor and the other 203 sensors was examined from single trial data. Statistically significant phase locking was found at approximately 20 Hz, 80-90 ms after the stimuli between the left SI and the right SII in 9 of 10 subjects. Sensors with high phase-locking values over the left SI and right SII were separated by sensors with no phase-locked activity over the scalp midline, indicating that the phase locking was not caused by the sensors seeing activity from the same sources. The observed SI-SII phase locking would not be reflected in the evoked responses because a considerable part of it was not time-locked to the stimuli. Thus, our finding reveals a unique interaction in the sensorimotor system.
Feature Selection in Face Recognition: A Sparse Representation Perspective (2007)

In this paper, we examine the role of feature selection in face recognition from the perspective of sparse representation. We cast the recognition problem as finding a sparse representation of the test image features <i>w.r.t.</i> the training set. The sparse representation can be accurately and efficiently computed by <i>l</i>^1-minimization. The proposed simple algorithm generalizes conventional face recognition classifiers such as nearest-neighbor and nearest-subspace. Using face recognition under varying illumination and expression as an example, we show that if sparsity in the recognition problem is properly harnessed, the choice of features is no longer critical. What is critical, however, is whether the number of features is sufficient and whether the sparse representation is correctly found. We conduct extensive experiments to verify this new approach using the Extended Yale B database and the AR database. Our thorough evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm achieves accurate recognition on face images with varying illumination and expression, using conventional features such as Eigenfaces and facial parts. Furthermore, other unconventional features such as severely downsampled images and randomly projections perform almost equally well as the feature dimension increases. The differences in performance between different features become insignificant once the feature-space dimension is sufficiently large
<title>Image segmentation via motion vector estimates</title> (1990)

In the visual world moving edges in the periphery represent vital pieces of information that directs the human foveation mechanism to selectively gather information around these specific locations. This computationally efficient approach of allocating resources at key locations has inspired computer visionists to develop new target detection and hacking algorithms based on motion detection in image sequences. In this study we implemented a recursive algorithm for estimating motion vector fields for each pixel in a sequence of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) images. Velocity information is used to segment the image and perform linear quadratic and acceleration-based frame interpolation to produce an apparent frame rate increase. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of low-rate digital fluoroscopy hence less exposure risks while preserving image quality. Furthermore the technique can be useful in the medical Picture Archival and Communication Systems (PACS) where image data can be compressed by storing and transmiting only the motion fields associated with the moving pixels. 1.
Sensor Enhanced Virtual Reality Teleoperation in Dynamic Environment (2007)

A novel teleoperation interface is introduced featuring an integrated virtual reality based simulation augmented by sensors and image processing capabilities on-board the remotely operated vehicle. The system addresses the typical limitations of video-based teleoperation caused by signal lag and limited field of view, allowing the operator to navigate in a continuous fashion. It also incorporates temporary autonomous operation of the vehicle enabling local obstacle navigation and automatic re-establishment of its teleoperated state. Finally, the system provides real time update of the virtual environment based on anomalies encountered by the vehicle. Future work is focused on incorporating dynamic moving objects in the environment
Individual and Social Factors Related to Urban African American Adolescents' School Performance (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the academic success of urban, African American youth. Participants were 118 African American male and female ninth graders from a large urban high school in the Midwest. A majority of students at the school receive free or reduced lunch. Factors studied were social support from five sources (parent, peer, teacher, classmate, close friend) and six educational attitudes and behaviors (educational intentions, educational behavior, personal control, persistence, and understanding of the personal and financial value of educational attainment). The major purpose of this study was to examine the role of these various sources of social support in the educational attitudes and behaviors and academic achievement of this sample of African American youth. Results indicated that social support was mildly correlated with better grades, with parent and peer support relatively the more important forms of support. Moderate and strong correlations were found between the five support variables and most of the educational attitudes and behaviors variables, with support from parents, teachers, and peers most strongly related. The combination of all predictors explained a large proportion of variance in achievement, with educational intentions and personal persistence the strongest contributors. Detailed results and implications of the results are discussed.
A pulsed resonance clocking for energy recovery (2014)

An energy efficient and area saving local clocking scheme using new resonant techniques is illustrated with a bank of 1024 flip-flops. Energy recovering pulsed resonant (PR) clocking is designed to drive explicit-pulsed negative setup time latches. A pre-driver that generates tracking pulses at each transition of clock for dual edge (DET) operation is robust across PVT. While both the pre-driver and driver use inductors for energy reduction and recycling, the inductor area is small enough to fit over the active circuitry resulting in 40% power and active area reductions. The pulsed resonance (PR) operation needs only 1/10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> the inductance of conventional LC resonant circuits. Monte Carlo simulations using 45nm device and interconnect models show that the design supports Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling from 2GHz@1.3V to 200MHz@0.5V.
Scaffold-Free Tubular Tissues Created by a Bio-3D Printer Undergo Remodeling and Endothelialization when Implanted in Rat Aortae (2015)

The scaffold-free tubular tissues made of MCS using a Bio-3D printer underwent remodeling and endothelialization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of endothelialization and its function, as well as the long-term results.
Relative to direct haptic feedback, remote vibrotactile feedback improves but slows object manipulation (2010)

Most prosthetic hand users are limited to visual feedback of movement performance. To characterize the benefit of vibrotactile feedback for a task that lacks haptic feedback, a virtual environment was used to experimentally manipulate visual, task-relevant haptic, and remote vibrotactile feedback on simple object manipulation for unimpaired subjects. The combination of visual and remote vibrotactile feedback was compared to visual feedback alone, and to simultaneous visual and direct haptic feedback to represent ideal performance. Visual and vibrotactile feedback resulted in improvement of most performance variables including difficulty ratings relative to visual feedback alone. However addition of sensory cues to visual feedback increased trial times and the increase was steeper for vibrotactile than for haptic feedback. Specifically, during vibrotactile feedback the velocity did not change, but the duration of execution increased due to improved performance, resulting in increased trial times. This result suggests future exploration of performance improvement and execution speed for augmented sensory feedback.
Isolation of Pituitary Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (1949)

PREVIOUS ARTICLEThe National Academy of Sciences: Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 1949 Annual Meeting
Use of Fiber Interface Direct Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Volatile Flavor Release from Model Food Systems (1999)

Described in this paper is a fiber interface direct headspace mass spectrometric system for the real-time measurement of flavor release. The system was optimized for the detection of the garlic aroma volatile, diallyl disulfide, from water. Parameters investigated included interface temperature, flow rate through the fiber, flow rate through the sample vessel, and sample stir rate. The delay time for detection of sample after introduction into the sample vessel was determined as 43 s. The system proved to be reliable and robust with no loss in sensitivity or contamination of the mass spectrometer over a 6 month period. The technique was applied to a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols from C(2) to C(7). Results showed that as polarity decreased with increasing chain length the release of volatile into the headspace was faster and gave a higher maximum intensity. Release of the garlic aroma volatile from different commercial mayonnaise products clearly showed a decrease in the release of diallyl disulfide as fat content increased. These results demonstrate the potential of using this technique as a tool for understanding the complex interactions that occur between flavor compounds and the bulk food matrix.
The secreted l-arabinose isomerase displays anti-hyperglycemic effects in mice (2015)

We report for the first time the secretion of the intracellular L-arabinose isomerase in the supernatant of food grade L. lactis cultures with hardly display other secreted proteins. The secreted L-AI originated from the food grade L. sakei 23 K was active and showed the same catalytic and structural properties as the intracellular enzyme. The L. lactis strains secreting the L-arabinose isomerase has the ability to produce D-tagatose in vivo and conferred an anti-hyperglycemic effect to mice.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections (2001)

This timely reference provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent advances in diagnostic bacteriology-emphasizing the detection, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunology, and therapeutics for bacterial infections as well as emerging areas of infection, including gastric helicobacters, bartonellosis, and borreliosis.Organized by specifi
Dosimetric validation of Acuros<sup>®</sup> XB with Monte Carlo methods for photon dose calculations (2011)

By considering the fundamental particle interactions in matter based on theoretical interaction cross sections, the Acuros XB algorithm is capable of modeling radiotherapy dose deposition with accuracy only previously achievable with Monte Carlo techniques.
The Projector's Remedies to Enforce a Property Right in an Idea (2013)

Recently, the courts of New York have rendered several decisions which involved the problem as to whether there is a property right in an idea.All the courts have sustained the general rule of law that an idea cannot be the subject of a property right 1 unless the projector creates a contract protecting it,2 or reduces it to concrete form in order to subject it to patent or copyright.The word "idea" covers a wide range of possibilities but, for convenience sake, it is capable of being classified under three general divisions: (A) Literary ideas, i.e., in a strict sense an artistic or dramatic writing or thought, as all ideas are literary until set into concrete form; (B) mechanical ideas, i.e., new devices or inventions; (C) business ideas, i.e., plans for development of business, trades secrets, etc.
Treatment of Acute Low Pressure Pulmonary Edema in Dogs (1981)

Severe pulmonary edema sometimes develops despite normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw). The equation describing net transvascular flux of lung liquid predicts decreased edema when hydrostatic pressure is reduced or when colloid osmotic pressure is increased in the pulmonary vessels. We tested these predictions in a model of pulmonary capillary leak produced in 35 dogs by intravenous oleic acid. 1 h later, the dogs were divided into five equal groups and treated for 4 h in different ways: (a) not treated, to serve as the control group (Ppw = 11.1 mm Hg); (b) given albumin to increase colloid osmotic pressure by 5 mm Hg (Ppw = 10.6 mm Hg); (c) ventilated with 10 cm H(2)O positive end-expiratory pressure (Peep) (transmural Ppw = 10.4 mm Hg); (d) phlebotomized to reduce Ppw to 6 mm Hg; (e) infused with nitroprusside, which also reduced Ppw to 6 mm Hg. Phlebotomy and nitroprusside reduced the edema in excised lungs by 50% (P< 0.001), but Peep and albumin did not affect the edema. Pulmonary shunt decreased on Peep and increased on nitroprusside, and lung compliance was not different among the treatment groups, demonstrating that these variables are poor indicators of changes in edema. Cardiac output decreased during the treatment period in all but the nitroprusside group, where Ppw decreased and cardiac output did not. We conclude that canine oleic acid pulmonary edema is reduced by small reductions in hydrostatic pressure, but not by increased colloid osmotic pressure, because the vascular permeability to liquid and protein is increased. These results suggest that low pressure pulmonary edema may be reduced by seeking the lowest Ppw consistent with adequate cardiac output enhanced by vasoactive agents like nitroprusside. Further, colloid infusions and Peep are not helpful in reducing edema, so they may be used in the lowest amount that provides adequate circulating volume and arterial O(2) saturation on nontoxic inspired O(2). Until these therapeutic principles receive adequate clinical trial, they provide a rationale for carefully monitored cardiovascular manipulation in treating patients with pulmonary capillary leak.