gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hearing-aid signal-processing scheme based on the temporal aspects of compression (2004)

Changes in gain associated with the basilar membrane compressive nonlinearity are accompanied by changes in the bandwidth of tuning. Filters with level-dependent bandwidth have level-dependent phase properties. These phase properties result in level-dependent timing of sustained phase-locked responses of auditory-nerve (AN) fibers at low frequencies and level-dependent latencies at high frequencies, where phase-locking rolls off. In the healthy ear, level-dependent temporal aspects of AN responses carry information about stimulus level and spectral properties. Loss of compression with hearing impairment thus results not only in a reduction of amplification, but also in distortion of the temporal response pattern of the AN. The temporal aspects of compression suggest that signal-processing schemes that attempt to correct sounds, or restore normal spatio-temporal response patterns, should include dynamic level-dependent phase shifts. A nonlinear signal-processing scheme will be presented which includes dynamic frequency- and level-dependent phase shifts, based on physiological models of the temporal response properties of AN fibers. Preliminary testing measured listeners preferences for sentences and intelligibility of vowel-consonant syllables with different degrees of nonlinear processing. Hearing-impaired listeners tended to prefer the dynamically corrected stimuli based on improved clarity. Correction also improved intelligibility for some phonemes. [Work supported by NIDCD R21-006057.]
Reactions of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Presence of Catalysts Containing Magnesium Oxide<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Presence of Catalysts Containing Magnesium Oxide1Leon L. Gershbein, Herman Pines, and V. N. IpatieffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2888–2893Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views737Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Network Connectivity Graph for Malicious Traffic Dissection (2015)

Malware is a major threat to security and privacy of network users. A huge variety of malware typically spreads over the Internet, evolving every day, and challenging the research community and security practitioners to improve the effectiveness of countermeasures. In this paper, we present a system that automatically extracts patterns of network activity related to a specific malicious event, i.e., a seed. Our system is based on a methodology that correlates network events of hosts normally connected to the Internet over (i) time (i.e., analyzing different samples of traffic from the same host), (ii) space (i.e., correlating patterns across different hosts), and (iii) network layers (e.g., HTTP, DNS, etc.). The result is a Network Connectivity Graph that captures the overall "network behavior" of the seed. That is a focused and enriched representation of the malicious pattern infected hosts exhibit, purified from ordinary network activities and background traffic. We applied our approach on a large dataset collected in a real commercial ISP where the aggregated traffic produced by more than 20,000 households has been monitored. A commercial IDS has been used to complement network data with alerts related to malicious activities. We use such alerts to trigger our processing system. Results shows that the richness of the Network Connectivity Graph provides a much more detailed picture of malicious activities, considerably enhancing our understanding.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors—The Breakthrough at Last (2001)

After decades of being laboratory curiosities, organic semiconductors catch up with their inorganic counterparts. Ordinarily an excellent insulator, in a field-effect transistor tetracene 1 transfigures into a semiconductor that rivals amorphous silicon at room temperature, a superconductor below 2.5 K, and the first organic light-emitting material that can act as a solid-state injection laser.
Control of Surface Area and Porosity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>via Intercalation of Oxidative or Nonoxidative Anions in Hydrotalcite-like Precursors (2000)

Monometal hydrotalcite-like compounds of CoII0.74CoIII0.26(OH)2.01(NO3)0.21(CO3) 0.02·0.6H2O and CoII0.74CoIII0.26(OH)1.99(CO3)0.13(NO3)0.01·0.7H2O have been prepared via precipitation and anion-exchange methods. After being heated at 150−600 °C, the two precursor compounds were oxidatively converted to product spinel Co3O4. The chemical nature of the anions intercalated in the interlayer space of the compounds determines the ultimate crystallite size, surface area, and porosity of the oxide spinel. By selection of carbonate anions, Co3O4 with crystallite size of 7−34 nm and surface area of 17−150 m2/g can be prepared at 150−600 °C. In particular, nanometer size Co3O4 crystallites (7−10 nm) has been synthesized at a temperature as low as 150−250 °C from the precursor compound CoII0.74CoIII0.26(OH)1.99(CO3)0.13(NO3)0.01·0.7 H2O. The roles of the different anions in the interlayer space are also discussed with respect to the thermal decomposition of the precursor compounds.
A New CMOS Wideband RF Front-End For Multistandard Low-IF Wireless Receivers (2005)

A wideband radio-frequency (RF) receiver front-end is designed in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with a new linearization technique that makes the circuit suitable for operating at low supply voltage. The proposed front-end circuit includes an input low noise wideband amplifying stage (LNA) of new configuration with output linearized transconductance stage, and a switching stage. Dual-loop resistive feedback applied around the LNA allows one to achieve input wideband matching. Linearity is enhanced by attenuating the effective transconductance of the transconductance stage. With an RF input signal of 1.9 GHz, the proposed front-end circuit exhibits 15.5 dB conversion gain, 7.2 dB SSB noise figure, -11.2 dBm 1-dB compression point, and -1.5 dBm third-order input intercept-point (IIP3) in simulations. The input wideband matching to 50 /spl Omega/ is achieved with -3 dB bandwidth of around 3 GHz. The input return loss (S11) varies from -26 dB to -10.5 dB in the frequency range of DC to 3.5 GHz. The proposed front-end consumes 22.3 mA DC current from 1.8 V supply voltage and occupies an area of 0.9/spl times/0.85 mm/sup 2/.
On the origins and organization of South Italian poverty (1975)

John Davis. Land and Family in Pisticci. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology No. 48. London: The Athlone Press, 1973. ix + 200 pp. Illustrations, tables, appendixes, reference's, and index. $10.50.
WiBee: Building WiFi radio map with ZigBee sensor networks (2012)

Exploiting the increasing ubiquitous deployment of sensor networks, the paper presents a system called WiBee that utilizes ZigBee sensors to build real-time WiFi radio maps. The design of WiBee is motivated by the observation that a ZigBee radio can sense WiFi frame transmissions although it cannot decode WiFi frames. A sensor passively listens on the wireless channel and estimates the RSS of a WiFi AP at its location. The design of WiBee faces three unique challenges. First, multiple APs may transmit frames concurrently and frame collisions may happen. Second, because of severe resource constraints, a sensor cannot sample the channel at arbitrarily high frequency and hence some frame transmissions may not be sampled. Third, sensor nodes are usually not time synchronized and the on-board clock is inaccurate. To address these challenges, we propose a novel gateway-assisted approach to estimating WiFi RSS values at ZigBee sensors. A light-weight algorithm is designed for identifying the RSS values corresponding to a given AP. It searches the sequence of ZigBee RSS samples for an AP signature sequence. An optimization technique is proposed to address issues of clock drift and time asynchronization. Our extensive experiments on a testbed show that WiBee can achieve low estimation error, short delay and small computation overhead.
<title>Multicomponent analysis of human blood using fiber optic evanescent wave spectroscopy</title> (1995)

Blood analysis has been carried out routinely for decades. Normally, blood samples are taken from patients and sent to the laboratory for processing. Novel analytical methods are facilitated by fiberoptic sensors that are inserted into the human body or in contact with it. In the present work a spectral analysis of human blood serum was undertaken by fiberoptic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). A special cell based on IR transmitting non-toxic silver halide fibers was designed. Further improvements in the analysis were obtained by adopting some multivariate calibration techniques that have already been used in clinical chemistry. The partial least-square (PLS) algorithm was used to calculate the concentrations of urea, uric acid, calcium, cholesterol and total protein in human blood serum. Good agreement between our results and the ordinary chemical and enzymatic methods was reached. The average errors obtained were 28 mg/dl for cholesterol (about 16% of the average value), 9 mg/dl for urea (about 29% of the average value), 0.38 g/L for total protein (about 6% of the average value), 1.5 mg/dl for uric acid (about 29% of the average value) and 0.28 mg/dl for calcium (about 3% of the average value).
Langmuir-Blodgett films (1984)

Abstract The Langmuir trough enables high quality organic layers (Langmuir-Blodgett films) to be deposited onto a variety of substrates. This article describes the preparation and characterization of these monolayer and multilayer films and reviews many of their potential applications; these include two-dimensional magnetism, integrated and electro-optics, electron beam lithography, biological membranes, charge injection devices and field-effect transistors.
SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES AND INDICATOR SPECIES:THE NEED FOR A FLEXIBLE ASYMMETRICAL APPROACH (1997)

This paper presents a new and simple method to find indicator species and species assemblages characterizing groups of sites. The novelty of our approach lies in the way we combine a species relative abundance with its relative frequency of occurrence in the various groups of sites. This index is maximum when all individuals of a species are found in a single group of sites and when the species occurs in all sites of that group; it is a symmetric indicator. The statistical significance of the species indicator values is evaluated using a randomization procedure. Contrary to Twinspan, our indicator index for a given species is independent of the other species relative abundances, and there is no need to use pseudospecies. The new method identifies indicator species for typologies of species relevés obtained by any hierarchical or nonhierarchical classification procedure; its use is independent of the classification method. Because indicator species give ecological meaning to groups of sites, this method provides criteria to compare typologies, to identify where to stop dividing clusters into subsets, and to point out the main levels in a hierarchical classification of sites. Species can be grouped on the basis of their indicator values for each clustering level, the heterogeneous nature of species assemblages observed in any one site being well preserved. Such assemblages are usually a mixture of eurytopic (higher level) and stenotopic species (characteristic of lower level clusters). The species assemblage approach demonstrates the importance of the “sampled patch size,” i.e., the diversity of sampled ecological combinations, when we compare the frequencies of core and satellite species. A new way to present species–site tables, accounting for the hierarchical relationships among species, is proposed. A large data set of carabid beetle distributions in open habitats of Belgium is used as a case study to illustrate the new method.
<title>Rural Scene Perspective Transformations</title> (1982)

This paper presents a method for converting Landsat imagery of natural rural scenes to horizontal viewing perspectives in a digital image processing system. The technique uses digital terrain images for a three-dimensional representation of the scene. Full color pixel-by-pixel (as opposed to skeletal or graphical) images are synthesized, and hidden pixels are eliminated. A sequence of synthesized images of the Colorado River basin is shown. Examples of panoramic and orthographic projections are also shown. An appendix presents a method for converting a contour map into a digital terrain map in raster format.
Effects Of Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate On Markers Of Muscle Hypertrophy And Apoptotic Signaling During Reloading In Aged Rats Following Disuse (2010)

Prolonged periods of muscle disuse cause a rapid loss of muscle mass and force output. Aging exacerbates muscle loss and reduces muscle recovery after reloading in part, as a result of accelerated apoptosis and reduced satellite cell proliferation. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite that has been studied extensively as an ergogenic aid specifically with regard to decreasing protein catabolism and thus promoting skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, HMB may prove to be an effective countermeasure to unloading induced atrophy and muscle recovery following disuse. PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of HMB to promote muscle recovery following disuse in aged animals. METHODS: 64 aged (34 mo) FBN x 344 rats were randomly assigned to receive either Ca-HMB (340 mg/kg body weight), or water by gavage. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed following 1 week of treatment and the remaining 16 animals had Brdu pellets implanted subcutaneously and were subsequently suspended for 14 days. One half of each group was either immediately sacrificed following hindlimb suspension to induce muscle atrophy, or allowed to recover for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. The soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected, weighed and snap frozen for further analysis. The effects of HMB on fiber type shifts, satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining and immunoblotting. RESULTS: HMB treatment had no effect on muscle atrophy, or in vivo force output following 14 days of hindlimb unloading. However, there was a tendency for HMB to improve body weight, muscle mass and maximal in vivo isometric force output after 2 weeks of recovery from hindlimb unloading. Furthermore, there was a tendency for HMB to increase the percentage of type II fibers, satellite cell activation, and BrdU, MyoD, and Pax7 expression in plantaris muscles. Additionally, HMB decreased the amount of TUNEL positive nuclei and pro-apoptotic proteins in reloaded soleus muscles. CONCLUSION: Although, HMB was unable to protect against unloading-induced atrophy, HMB may have the potential to reduce myonuclear apoptosis and promote satellite cell proliferation during recovery from disuse in aged rodents.
The Quest for Heartful Environments: A Qualitative Researcher's Journey (2006)

The use of qualitative methodologies in the built environment presents many possibilities for in-depth understandings. This is critical in a world where complex layers of difference must be appreciated and sensitively accommodated in neighbourhoods, towns and cities. Nevertheless, qualitative researchers in the built environment have had to fight for the legitimacy of their approach, arguing that it is of equal significance to more traditionally accepted modes of inquiry. My article is set in this historical context. Focusing on urban planning, it relays a personal journey—that of qualitative researcher, educator and practitioner working to develop understandings of everyday expressions of difference. I discuss specific examples of qualitative research and practice in urban planning, showing how they have enhanced knowledge of contemporary people/place relationships in culturally diverse contexts. In an increasingly multicultural world where change is omnipresent, such awareness must underpin built environment policy and practice. I conclude by suggesting that people-centred environments will only be developed by researchers and practitioners working holistically and in heartful ways.
Single‐Molecule Four‐Color FRET (2010)

Six interfluorophore FRET efficiencies Eij (see scheme) can be determined in real time by a single-molecule four-color FRET technique both in confocal and in total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy. This technique was used to probe the correlated motion of the four arms of the Holliday junction, and to assess correlation of RecA-mediated strand exchange events at both ends of a synaptic complex.
Multiple description video coding against both erasure and bit errors by compressive sensing (2011)

We propose a novel multiple description video coding (MDVC) technique for robust video transmission via lossy networks of both packet erasure and bit errors. The new MDVC technique is designed to meet two objectives: ultra fine description granularity and low encoder complexity, which allow resource-deprived video transmitters (e.g., smart phones) to operate in time-varying adverse network conditions. These design goals are met by the signal acquisition and coding strategy of compressive sensing, and by locally adaptive sparse representation of video signals.
Variable Delay With Directly-Modulated R-SOA and Optical Filters for Adaptive Antenna Radio-Fiber Access (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present an all-optical adaptive-antenna radio over fiber transport system that uses proven, commercially-available components to effectively deliver standard-compliant optical signaling to adaptive multiantenna arrays for current and emerging radio technology implementations. The system is based on a directly-modulated reflective semiconductor amplifier (R-SOA) and exploits the interplay between transmission-line dispersion and tunable optical filtering to achieve flexible true time delay, with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$2\pi$</tex></formula> beam steering at the different antennas. The system was characterized, then successfully tested with two types of signals defined in IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standard for wireless networks: a 90 Mbps single-carrier signal (64-QAM at 2.4 GHz) and a 78 Mbps multitone orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) signal. The power budget of this configuration supports a 4-element antenna array. </para>
A TECHNOLOGY TO MEASURE MULTIPLE DRIVING BEHAVIORS WITHOUT SELF‐REPORT OR PARTICIPANT REACTIVITY (2001)

An in-vehicle information system (IVIS) was used to videotape drivers (N = 61) without their knowledge while driving 22 miles in normal traffic. The drivers were told that they were participating in a study of direction following and map reading. Two data-coding procedures were used to analyze videotapes. Safety-related behaviors were counted during consecutive 15-s intervals of a driving trial, and the occurrence of certain safety-related behaviors was assessed under critical conditions. These two methods of data coding were assessed for practicality, reliability, and sensitivity. Interobserver agreement for the five different driving behaviors ranged from 85% to 95%. Within-subject variability in safe driving was more pronounced among younger drivers and decreased as a function of age. Contrary to previous research that has relied on self-reports, driver risk taking did not vary significantly as a function of gender. These results are used to illustrate the capabilities of the technology introduced here to design and evaluate behavior-analytic interventions to increase safe driving.
Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series (1995)

The healthy heartbeat is traditionally thought to be regulated according to the classical principle of homeostasis whereby physiologic systems operate to reduce variability and achieve an equilibrium-like state [Physiol. Rev. 9, 399-431 (1929)]. However, recent studies [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1343-1346 (1993); Fractals in Biology and Medicine (Birkhauser-Verlag, Basel, 1994), pp. 55-65] reveal that under normal conditions, beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate display the kind of long-range correlations typically exhibited by dynamical systems far from equilibrium [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381-384 (1987)]. In contrast, heart rate time series from patients with severe congestive heart failure show a breakdown of this long-range correlation behavior. We describe a new method--detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)--for quantifying this correlation property in non-stationary physiological time series. Application of this technique shows evidence for a crossover phenomenon associated with a change in short and long-range scaling exponents. This method may be of use in distinguishing healthy from pathologic data sets based on differences in these scaling properties.
Epidemiological and Economic Trends in Inpatient and Outpatient Thyroidectomy in the United States, 1996–2006 (2012)

From 1996 to 2006, there has been a concurrent modest increase in inpatient and pronounced increase in outpatient thyroidectomies in the United States, with a consequential demographic shift and economic impact.