gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Osteoblasts and <i>in Vitro</i> Bone Formation from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells (2001)

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate to all fetal and adult cell types and might represent a useful cell source for tissue engineering and repair. Here we show that differentiation of ES cells toward the osteoblast lineage can be enhanced by supplementing serum-containing media with ascorbic acid, beta-glycerophosphate, and/or dexamethasone/retinoic acid or by co-culture with fetal murine osteoblasts. ES cell differentiation into osteoblasts was characterized by the formation of discrete mineralized bone nodules that consisted of 50-100 cells within an extracellular matrix of collagen-1 and osteocalcin. Dexamethasone in combination with ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate induced the greatest number of bone nodules and was dependent on time of stimulation with a sevenfold increase when added to ES cultures after, but not before, 14 days. Co-culture with fetal osteoblasts also provided a potent stimulus for osteogenic differentiation inducing a fivefold increase in nodule number relative to ES cells cultured alone. These data demonstrate the application of a quantitative assay for the derivation of osteoblast lineage progenitors from pluripotent ES cells. This could be applied to obtain purified osteoblasts to analyze mechanisms of osteogenesis and for use of ES cells in skeletal tissue repair.
Optical Peaking Enhancement in High-Speed Ring Modulators (2014)

Ring resonator modulators (RRM) combine extreme compactness, low power consumption and wavelength division multiplexing functionality, making them a frontrunner for addressing the scalability requirements of short distance optical links. To extend data rates beyond the classically assumed bandwidth capability, we derive and experimentally verify closed form equations of the electro-optic response and asymmetric side band generation resulting from inherent transient time dynamics and leverage these to significantly improve device performance. An equivalent circuit description with a commonly used peaking amplifier model allows straightforward assessment of the effect on existing communication system architectures. A small signal analytical expression of peaking in the electro-optic response of RRMs is derived and used to extend the electro-optic bandwidth of the device above 40 GHz as well as to open eye diagrams penalized by intersymbol interference at 32, 40 and 44 Gbps. Predicted peaking and asymmetric side band generation are in excellent agreement with experiments.
Analysis and mitigation of NBTI-impact on PVT variability in repeated global interconnect performance (2010)

Repeated interconnects remain the design choice for high-performance global communication due to their clearly defined performance metrics and smooth amalgamation to the VLSI CAD flow. Simultaneous variability in process-voltage-temperature (PVT) causes interconnect performance to fluctuate from its nominal value and hence it's an essential analysis needed to decide on timing margins for global wires. Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) has emerged as the most compelling device reliability concern in deep sub-micron technologies. In this paper, we thoroughly investigate the effects on NBTI-stress on PVT-induced variability in repeated global interconnect performance. The delay-spread due to PVT can deviate by 5-12% in the presence of NBTI stress. We propose 2 schemes to mitigate NBTI-stress effects on interconnect-delay and re-align the delay-distribution with its nominal state. The 1st involves upsizing all repeaters uniformly. A 5% size increment is found to be sufficient to counter the worst-case realistic deviation in delay-spread. The 2nd is a dynamic solution which involves using an NBTI detector circuit to monitor signal activity and assess device-status over a portion of the wire and increasing the drive strength of tunable buffers in the event of NBTI-stress.
Jump map-based interactive texture synthesis (2004)

We present techniques for accelerated texture synthesis from example images. The key idea of our approach is to divide the task into two phases: analysis, and synthesis. During the analysis phase, which is performed once per sample texture, we generate a <i>jump map</i>. Using the jump map, the synthesis phase is capable of synthesizing texture similar to the analyzed example at interactive rates. We describe two such synthesis phase algorithms: one for creating images, and one for directly texturing manifold surfaces. We produce texture images at rates comparable to the fastest alternative algorithms, and produce textured surfaces an order of magnitude faster than current alternative approaches. We further develop a new, faster patch-based algorithm for image synthesis, which improves the quality of our results on ordered textures. We show how controls used for specifying texture synthesis on surfaces may be used on images as well, allowing interesting new image-based effects, and highlight modelling applications enabled by the speed of our approach.
Treatment of resistant tattoos using a new generation Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser: Influence of beam profile and spot size on clearance success (2008)

This clinical study documents for the first time the impact of a 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser with a more homogenous beam profile and a larger spot size on the management of resistant tattoos. Only a few treatment sessions were necessary to achieve an additional clearance with a low rate of side effects.
Multimodal analgesia with gabapentin, ketamine and dexamethasone in combination with paracetamol and ketorolac after hip arthroplasty: a preliminary study (2010)

Preoperative gabapentin, dexamethasone and ketamine combined with paracetamol and ketorolac reduced overall pain scores in patients after hip arthroplasty as compared with paracetamol and ketorolac alone. Morphine consumption was not reduced.
ProActive Parallel Suite: Multi-cores to Clouds to autonomicity (2009)

Summary form only given.ProActive (http://proactive.inria.fr/) is a GRID Java library (Source code under GPL license) for parallel, distributed, and concurrent computing, also featuring mobility and security in a uniform framework. ProActive aimed at simplifying the programming of applications that are distributed on local area network (LAN), on cluster of workstations, or GRIDs, and of course, Clouds. ProActive promotes a strong NoC approach, network on chip, to cope seamlessly with both distributed and shared-memory multi-core machines. A theoretical foundation ensures constant behavior, whatever the environment. With respect to software engineering and component-based developments, we will explain how the grid component model (GCM), a set of ETSI standards, allows to capture parallel behavior at the level of component interfaces (rather than having them buried in the code), and also allows deployment interoperability with many Grids and Clouds infrastructure. Interactive and graphical GUI and tools will also be presented during the talk, illustrating the components of ProActive parallel Suite: (1) Programming: a set of Java Parallel frameworks (2) Optimizing: an Eclipse GUI for Developing, Debugging, Optimizing (3) Scheduling: for C, Calization Java, Scripts, Matlab/Scilab tasks workflows with resource acquisition and VirtuOverall, this environment leads to autonomic aspects, dynamically observing the QoS (Quality of Service), and adapting the execution in order to maintain SLA (service level agreement).
Prophylaxis of migraine: general principles and patient acceptance (2008)

Migraine is a chronic neurological condition with episodic exacerbations. Migraine is highly prevalent, and associated with significant pain, disability, and diminished quality of life. Migraine management is an important health care issue. Migraine management includes avoidance of trigger factors, lifestyle modifications, non-pharmacological therapies, and medications. Pharmacological treatment is traditionally divided into acute or symptomatic treatment, and preventive treatment or prophylaxis. Many migraine patients can be treated using only acute treatment. Patients with severe and/or frequent migraines require long-term preventive therapy. Prophylaxis requires daily administration of anti-migraine compounds with potential adverse events or contraindications, and may also interfere with other concurrent conditions and treatments. These problems may induce patients to reject the idea of a preventive treatment, leading to poor patient adherence. This paper reviews the main factors influencing patient acceptance of anti-migraine prophylaxis, providing practical suggestions to enhance patient willingness to accept pharmacological anti-migraine preventive therapy. We also provide information about the main clinical characteristics of migraine, and their negative consequences. The circumstances warranting prophylaxis in migraine patients as well as the main characteristics of the compounds currently used in migraine prophylaxis will also be briefly discussed, focusing on those aspects which can enhance patient acceptance and adherence.
Capturing momentary, self-report data: A proposal for reporting guidelines (2002)

Self-report data are ubiquitous in behavioral and medical research. Retrospective assessment strategies are prone to recall bias and distortion. New techniques for assessing immediate experiences in respondents' natural environments (e.g., Ecological Momentary Assessment, Experience Sampling) are being used by many researchers to reduce reporting bias. This article discusses seven aspects of momentary research that are often overlooked or minimized in the presentation of momentary research reports, yet that are critical to the success of the research: (a) the rationale for the momentary sampling design, (b) the details of momentary sampling procedures, (c) the data acquisition interface, (d) rates of compliance with the sampling plan, (e) the procedures used to train and monitor participants, (f) data management procedures, and (g) the data analytic approach. Attention to these areas in both the design and reporting of momentary research studies will not only improve momentary research protocols but also allow for the successful replication of research findings by other investigators.
Application of MALDI-TOF MS for the Identification of Food Borne Bacteria (2013)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the routine identification of clinical isolates. MALDI-TOF MS based identification of bacteria has been shown to be more rapid, accurate and cost-efficient than conventional phenotypic techniques or molecular methods. Rapid and reliable identification of food-associated bacteria is also of crucial importance for food processing and product quality. This review is concerned with the applicability of MALDI-TOF MS for routine identification of foodborne bacteria taking the specific requirements of food microbiological laboratories and the food industry into account. The current state of knowledge including recent findings and new approaches are discussed.
Using Definitive Screening Designs to Identify Active First- and Second-Order Factor Effects (2017)

Definitive screening designs (DSDs) were recently introduced by Jones and Nachtsheim (2011b). The use of three-level factors and the desirable aliasing structure of the DSDs make them potentially suitable for identifying main effects and second-order terms in one stage of experimentation. However, as the number of active effects approaches the number of runs, the performance of standard model-selection routines will inevitably degrade. In this paper, we characterize the ability of DSDs to correctly identify first- and second-order model terms as a function of the level of sparsity, the number of factors in the design, the signal-to-noise ratio, the model type (unrestricted or following strong heredity), the model-selection technique, and the number of augmented runs. We find that minimum-run-size DSDs can be used to identify active terms with high probability as long as the number of effects is less than or equal to about half the number of runs and the signal-to-noise ratios for the active effects are above about 2.0. We also find that if minimum-run-size designs are augmented with four or more runs, the number of model terms that can be identified with high probability increases substantially. Among the model-selection methods investigated, we found that both Lasso and the Gauss–Dantzig selector (both based on AICc) can be used to effectively identify active model terms in the presence of unrestricted models. For models following strong heredity, the SHIM method developed by Choi et al. (2010) was the best among methods tested that were designed for the strong-heredity case.
Vermögensschaden, Beeinträchtigungen von vermögensrechtlicher Relevanz, Vermögensgefährdung (1995)

Article Vermögensschaden, Beeinträchtigungen von vermögensrechtlicher Relevanz, Vermögensgefährdung was published on January 1, 1995 in the journal Deutsche Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Insolvenzrecht (volume 5, issue 12).
HIV-1 gp120 increases the permeability of rat brain endothelium cultures by a mechanism involving substance P (1998)

These findings suggest a role for substance P in the gp120-induced increase in permeability of brain endothelium.
NK <sub>1</sub> and NK <sub>2</sub> Receptors Mediate Tachykinin and Resiniferatoxin-induced Bronchospasm in Guinea Pigs (1993)

The present study characterized neurokinin receptor-mediated bronchoconstrictor responses in anesthetized guinea pigs. Thus, we have compared the actions of the selective neurokinin 1 (NK1) (CP-99,994) and neurokinin 2 (NK2) (SR-48,968) receptor antagonists against dose-response curves (DRC) induced by intravenously administered substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), beta Ala8-NKA (4-10),Sar9-Met(O2)11SP, and single dose (intravenous) challenge with resiniferatoxin (RTX), a capsaicin-like sensory neurotoxin, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and antigen. The rank order of potency of the neurokinins for inducing bronchoconstriction was beta Ala8-NKA(4-10) > NKA > Sar9-Met(O2)11Sp > SP >> NKB. The DRC to the selective NK1 agonist Sar9-Met(O2)11SP was shifted to the right 10-fold by the selective NK1 antagonist, CP-99,994 (1 mg/kg, intravenously), but was not shifted by SR-48,968 (3 mg/kg, intravenously). The DRC to the selective NK2 agonist beta-Ala8-NKA(4-10) was shifted to the right 82-fold by the NK2 antagonist, SR-48,968 (1 mg/kg), but was not shifted by CP-99,994 (3 mg/kg, intravenously). SR-48,968 (1 mg/kg) also blocked NKA (3-fold shift) but did not block SP. CP-99,994 failed to produce a significant rightward shift of the DRC to either SP or NKA. However, the combination of 1 mg/kg CP-99,994 and 1 mg/kg SR-48,968 produced significant shifts of the DRCs to SP (> 5-fold) and NKA (> 300-fold). Hypotension induced by NKA and SP was also blocked by this combination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calculating the interior permanent-magnet motor (2003)

This paper describes the calculation of torque in a brushless permanent-magnet line-start AC motor by means of the flux-MMF diagram in combination with the finite-element method. Results are compared with measured flux-MMF diagrams, with shaft torque measurements, and with torque calculated using the classical phasor diagram.
The architecture of the READY event notification service (2003)

We present the architecture and implementation of READY an event notification service that provides efficient, decoupled, asynchronous event notifications. READY supports consumer specifications that match over both single and compound event patterns, communication sessions that manage quality of service (QoS) for event delivery, grouping constructs for sessions and specifications, event zones and boundary routers that bound the scope of event distribution and control the mapping of events across zones.
Electrical noise and VLSI interconnect reliability (1994)

This paper discusses the characteristics of noise sources in Al-based thin films and their relationships to VLSI reliability. Techniques of applying noise measurements in detecting existing defects/damages in the films, determining electromigration activation energy, and predicting the time to failure of VLSI interconnects are presented. The noise measurement technique can be applied to wafer-level reliability testing because it is much faster than the conventional MTF method and is nondestructive in nature. Some important considerations for wafer-level reliability testing via noise measurements are also presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Deposition: A Mechanism for Forming Biocomposite Materials (2013)

Complex coacervates prepared from poly(aspartic acid) (polyAsp) and poly-l-histidine (polyHis) were investigated as models of the metastable protein phases used in the formation of biological structures such as squid beak. When mixed, polyHis and polyAsp form coacervates whereas poly-l-glutamic acid (polyGlu) forms precipitates with polyHis. Layer-by-layer (LbL) structures of polyHis-polyAsp on gold substrates were compared with those of precipitate-forming polyHis-polyGlu by monitoring with iSPR and QCM-D. PolyHis-polyAsp LbL was found to be stiffer than polyHis-polyGlu LbL with most water evicted from the structure but with sufficient interfacial water remaining for molecular rearrangement to occur. This thin layer is believed to be fluid and like preformed coacervate films, capable of spreading over both hydrophilic ethylene glycol as well as hydrophobic monolayers. These results suggest that coacervate-forming polyelectrolytes deserve consideration for potential LbL applications and point to LbL as an important process by which biological materials form.
High pressure processing of fruits and vegetables (2006)

Purpose of review: Hi gh pressure processing (HPP) is one of the many novel techniques for processing food materials. This revi ew details potential applications of the HPP technique for fruit and vegetable processing. Recent findings: HPP employs high pressures (400–1200 MPa) to kill microorganisms and inactivate the enzymes that cause un desirable changes in fruits and vegetables, which reduces their shelf-life. This technique can be applied with minimal increase in product temperature. HPP is gaining in popularity because of its potential to achieve desirable effects with minimum changes i n sensory and nutritional attributes, and reliable food safety. Directions for future research: Fu ture research should: evaluate synergistic effects among pressure, temperature and other v ariables, investigate the influence of pressure on reduction/eli mination of pathogenic and spoilage microbial populations, invest igate the inactivation of enzymes in fruits and vegetables using a proper experimental design so that kinetic parameters are q uantified, identify and evaluate the critical pr ocess factors for the survival of pathogens or surrogates in a statistical manner, and de velop Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plans for the application of HPP for the processing fruits and vegetabl es.
Artificial soiling of photovoltaic module surfaces using traceable soil components (2013)

Effective evaluation and prediction of photovoltaic performance loss due to soiling requires consistent test methods. Natural grime accumulation is time-consuming and location-specific, and thus does not provide reproducible results across different geographic regions. Therefore, we have demonstrated a technique to apply artificial soiling with NIST-traceable components using an aerosol spray technique. This approach produces consistent soil coatings which were directly correlated to performance loss of multicrystalline Si cells in a laboratory setting. By tailoring the composition of the test blend, termed `standard grime', the loss due to soiling can be effectively predicted over a range of mass loadings and soil types.
Antiapolipoprotein A-1 IgG Chronotropic Effects Require Nongenomic Action of Aldosterone on L-Type Calcium Channels (2012)

Autoantibodies to apolipoprotein A-1 (antiapoA-1 IgG) have been shown to be associated with higher resting heart rate and morbidity in myocardial infarction patients and to behave as a chronotropic agent in the presence of aldosterone on isolated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVC). We aimed at identifying the pathways accounting for this aldosterone-dependent antiapoA-1 IgG-positive chronotropic effect on NRVC. The rate of regular spontaneous contractions was determined on NRVC in the presence of different steroid hormones and antagonists. AntiapoA-1 IgG chronotropic response was maximal within 20 min and observed only in aldosterone-pretreated cells but not in those exposed to other steroids. The positive antiapoA-1 IgG chronotropic effect was already significant after 5 min aldosterone preincubation, was dependent on 3-kinase and protein kinase A activities, was not inhibited by actinomycin D, and was fully abrogated by eplerenone (but not by spironolactone), demonstrating the dependence on a nongenomic action of aldosterone elicited through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Under oxidative conditions (but not under normal redox state), corticosterone mimicked the permissive action of aldosterone on the antiapoA-1 IgG chronotropic response. Pharmacological and patch-clamp studies identified L-type calcium channels as crucial effectors of antiapoA-1 IgG chronotropic action, involving two converging pathways that increase the channel activity. The first one involves the rapid, nongenomic activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzyme by MR, and the second one requires a constitutive basal protein kinase A activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that, on NRVC, the aldosterone-dependent chronotropic effects of antiapoA-1 IgG involve the nongenomic activation of L-type calcium channels.
Cryptosporidium, chronic diarrhoea and the proximal small intestinal mucosa. (1992)

The association between Cryptosporidium, chronic diarrhoea and a proximal small intestinal mucosal enteropathy was reviewed over a six and a half year period. One hundred and twenty three children with cryptosporidiosis and no clinical evidence of immune deficiency were identified. 50% of children excreting only Cryptosporidium had chronic diarrhoea. Most cases (63%) of chronic diarrhoea occurred in the first two years of life. A mild to moderate enteropathy was present in all nine children undergoing a small intestinal biopsy and seven showed the presence of Cryptosporidium adhering to villous epithelium. All patients eventually recovered spontaneously. Cryptosporidium is a cause of chronic diarrhoea and a proximal small intestinal mucosal enteropathy in children without immune deficiency. Screening for the parasite should be part of the investigative procedures in children with chronic diarrhoea.