gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Convergence of Successive Linear Programming Algorithms (2003)

We analyze the global convergence properties of a class of penalty methods for nonlinear programming. These methods include successive linear programming approaches, and more speci cally the SLP-EQP approach presented in [1]. Every iteration requires the solution of two trust region subproblems involving linear and quadratic models, respectively. The interaction between the trust regions of these subproblems requires careful consideration. It is shown under mild assumptions that there exist an accumulation point which is a critical point for the penalty function.
Real-time FPGA implementation of Lorenz's chaotic generator for ciphering telecommunications (2009)

In this paper, we present a new approach for realtime FPGA implementation of the random key based Lorenz's chaotic generator for data stream encryption. We propose a structural hardware architecture designed for a small chip area and high speed performance. This architecture is particularly attractive since it provides a low-cost security telecommunication solution while holding or increasing the encryption throughput rate. We show its feasibility through implementation which is detailed and presented using Virtex Xilinx FPGA. This architecture employs only 1926 slices and allows achieving a random key throughput rate of 124 Mbps by using a low system clock with a frequency of up to 15,5 MHz allowing low power consumption especially for embedded applications.
Capillary Electrophoresis STR Analysis: Comparison to Gel-Based Systems (1998)

Capillary electrophoresis is a relatively new technology for the forensic analysis of STRs, and may be an excellent alternative to traditional gel-based methods. Eighty samples, obtained from six different laboratories which had previously analyzed the samples using a variety of gel-based methods, were reanalyzed by CE. It was determined that CE could obtain the same allelic designation as that reported by the comparison laboratory. Seven different loci employing two separate multiplex amplifications were used for the comparison study. One basepair resolution and average standard deviations within the range of 0.075 to 0.117 basepairs were observed.
Identification of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Betacoronavirus HKU1 (2015)

Mouse hepatitis virus, a β-CoV in group A, uses the galectin-like NTD in its spike protein to bind its receptor protein, while HCoV-OC43, another β-CoV in group A, uses the NTD to bind to its sialic-acid containing receptor. In marked contrast, the NTD of the spike glycoprotein of human respiratory β-CoV HKU1, which is also in group A, does not bind sugar. In this study, we showed that for the spike protein of HKU1, the purified C domain, downstream of the NTD, could block HKU1 virus infection of human respiratory epithelial cells, and that several monoclonal antibodies that mapped to the C domain neutralized virus infectivity. Thus, the receptor-binding domain of HKU1 spike glycoprotein is located in the C domain. Surprisingly, two β-CoVs in group A, mouse hepatitis virus and HKU1, have evolved to use different regions of their spike glycoproteins to recognize their respective receptors.
A single-center study of clinical re-evaluation of the new classification of acute pancreatitis (2014)

Objective To evaluate the clinical values of the new classification of acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 649 traditional severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients,who were admitted to the Changhai Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012,were retrospectively studied.According to the new classification,these patients were divided into moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),and then the Ranson,APACHE Ⅱ,BISAP,MCTSI scores,Marshall scores,incidence of organ failure,clinical treatment,prognosis and mortality in the two groups were compared.Results Among 649 traditional SAP patients,90 patients were diagnosed to have SAP and 559 were diagnosed as MSAP according to the new classification criteria.The sex ratio,age and etiology were not significantly different between the 2 groups.The Ranson,APACHE Ⅱ,BISAP,MCTSI,Marshall scores of MSAP patients were (1.5 ± 1.3),(7.6 ± 4.8),(1.6 ± 0.9),(6.0 ± 1.8),(0.0 ± 0.4),and the corresponding values in SAP groupwere (3.4±1.7),(16.8t5.7),(2.7±0.9),(6.9±2.1),(4.3±2.0),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Respiratory failure,renal failure,cardiovascular failure,2 organs failure,3 organs failure occurred in 1,1,0,0 and 1 patient,and the corresponding values were 30,23,1,20,11 patients,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The needs of ICU admission,blood purification,mechanical ventilation,interventional drainage were significantly higher in SAP patients than those in MSAP patients,and the time was much longer than that in MSAP patients,and the surgical management rate was also significantly higher than that in MSAP patients,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The rates of enteral nutrition in the two groups were not statistically significant.The mortality rate of the SAP patients was 35.6％ (32/90),which was significantly higher than that of MSAP patients (2.0％,11/559).The median hospital length of SAP patients was (36.3 ± 30.2) d,which was significantly longer than (23.0 ±18.8) d of MSAP patients,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The introduction of new classification method can better reflect the severity of disease,more accurately predict prognosis and guide clinical management.

Key words: 
Pancreatitis;  Severe acute pancreatitis;  Moderate severe acute pancreatitis; International classification of diseases;  Retrospective studies;  Prognosis
CARBON DIOXIDE AS A FEEDSTOCK. (2000)

This report is an overview on the subject of carbon dioxide as a starting material for organic syntheses of potential commercial interest and the utilization of carbon dioxide as a substrate for fuel production. It draws extensively on literature sources, particularly on the report of a 1999 Workshop on the subject of catalysis in carbon dioxide utilization, but with emphasis on systems of most interest to us. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an abundant (750 billion tons in atmosphere), but dilute source of carbon (only 0.036 % by volume), so technologies for utilization at the production source are crucial for both sequestration and utilization. Sequestration--such as pumping CO{sub 2} into sea or the earth--is beyond the scope of this report, except where it overlaps utilization, for example in converting CO{sub 2} to polymers. But sequestration dominates current thinking on short term solutions to global warming, as should be clear from reports from this and other workshops. The 3500 million tons estimated to be added to the atmosphere annually at present can be compared to the 110 million tons used to produce chemicals, chiefly urea (75 million tons), salicylic acid, cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates. Increased utilization of CO{sub 2} as a starting material is, however, highly desirable, because it is an inexpensive, non-toxic starting material. There are ongoing efforts to replace phosgene as a starting material. Creation of new materials and markets for them will increase this utilization, producing an increasingly positive, albeit small impact on global CO{sub 2} levels. The other uses of interest are utilization as a solvent and for fuel production and these will be discussed in turn.
Molecular characterization of the grape seeds extract’s effect against chemically induced liver cancer: In vivo and in vitro analyses (2018)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer property of grape seed extract (GSE) during early stages of developing liver cancer using a two-stage carcinogenic model combining diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-Acetyl Aminofluorene (2-AAF). Administration of GSE at doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg per day started at the beginning of promotion periods and continued for 14 weeks. GSE dramatically inhibited pre-neoplastic foci formation as well as significantly decreased the number and the area of placental glutathione-S-transferase in livers of DEN-2AAF-treated rats by approximately 4 & 10 fold deductions, respectively. GSE's effects were associated with induced apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, decreased oxidative stress and down regulation of histone deacetylase activity and inflammation makers, such as cyclooxygenase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-kappa B-p65 and p- phosphorylated tumor necrosis factor receptor expressions in liver. GSE treatment also decreased the viability of HepG2 cells and induced early and late apoptosis through activating caspase-3 and Bax. Furthermore, GSE induced G2/M and G1/S cell cycle arrest. The present study provides evidence that the GSE's anticancer effect is mediated through the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, modulating oxidative damage and suppressing inflammatory response.
Lessons in scientific data interoperability: XML and the <i>e</i> Minerals project (2008)

A collaborative environmental eScience project produces a broad range of data, notable as much for its diversity, in source and format, as its quantity. We find that extensible markup language (XML) and associated technologies are invaluable in managing this deluge of data. We describe F<span style='font-size:xx-small;'>o</span> X, a toolkit for allowing Fortran codes to read and write XML, thus allowing existing scientific tools to be easily re-used in an XML-centric workflow.
Simultaneous expression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor by human monocytes. A potential mechanism for localized control of blood coagulation. (1994)

Cells of monocytic lineage can initiate extravascular fibrin deposition via expression of blood coagulation mediators. This report is about experiments on three mechanisms with the potential to modulate monocyte-initiated coagulation. Monocyte procoagulant activity was examined as a function of lipid cofactor, protein cofactor, and specific inhibitor expression during short-term culture in vitro. Lipid cofactor activity was measured as the initial rate of factor X activation by intrinsic-pathway components, the assembly of which depends on this cofactor. Lipid cofactor activity levels changed by < 30% during 48-h culture. Protein cofactor, i.e., tissue factor (TF) antigen was measured by enzyme immunoassay. It increased from 461 pg/ml to a maximum value of 3,550 pg/ml at 24 h and remained at 70% of this value. Specific TF activity, measured as factor VII-dependent factor X activation rate, decreased from 54 to 18 nM FXa/min between 24 and 48 h. TF activity did not correlate well with either lipid cofactor or TF protein levels. In contrast, the decrease in TF activity coincided in time with maximal expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) mRNA, which was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and with maximal TFPI protein levels measured by immunoassay. The number of mRNA copies coding for TFPI and TF in freshly isolated blood monocytes were 46 and 20 copies/cells, respectively. These values increased to 220 and 63 copies/cell during short-term cell culture in the presence of endotoxin. Results demonstrate concomitant expression by monocytes of genes coding for both the essential protein cofactor and the specific inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Together with functional and antigenic analyses, they also imply that the initiation of blood clotting by extravascular monocyte/macrophages can be modulated locally by TFPI independently of plasma sources of the inhibitor.
Endoscopic capsule robots using reconfigurable modular assembly: A pilot study (2014)

ABSTRACT Ingestible capsule endoscopy provides a method of imaging the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with increased patient comfort compared to traditional tube‐based endoscopy. However, many capsule endoscopic platforms lack locomotion and inherent size‐restrictions prohibit the implementation of high‐order functionality other than image acquisition. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a modular system of robots containing steerable locomotive elements with unique functionalities that are capable of assembling into a larger and more complex robot via mutual docking. The prototype capsules were approximately the size of D‐cell batteries. The three sets of radio‐controlled modular robotic capsules were designed to move using a combination of continuous‐rotational servos and angular servos for steering and locomotion. A docking mechanism was achieved by permanent magnets (attached to the linear servo installed in the capsule) while a structural slit allowed for correct docking orientation. Additional center capsules were capable of rotational locomotion or image transfer via a housed camera and three docking ports for the capsules to dock. When fully assembled, a four‐capsule assembly exhibited controlled locomotion and wireless video transmission. With potential integration with wireless power transmission, as demonstrated by the acoustic power transmission via focused ultrasound, the proposed reconfigurable robotic capsule platform may provide unique opportunities in administering minimally invasive theragnostic applications.
A study of the method of making dental prosthetic appliances by sintered titanium alloys: effect of copper powder content on properties of sintered titanium alloy. (1990)

The effects of added copper powder to the properties of the sintered titanium alloys were investigated by measuring the compressive strength and densities of the green and sintered compacts, the thermal expansion curves and dimensional changes in the sintered compacts, and the accuracy of the crown-type restorations. The compressive strengths of green compacts ranged from 55 to 75 MPa. The expansion of green compacts increased with increased copper content. The sintered density was lower than the green density. The compressive yield strength of sintered compacts ranged from 260 MPa to 410 MPa. The sintered compacts expanded from 0.35% to 1.03% and the expansion increased with increased copper content. The dimensional accuracy of crown-type restorations showed the same dimensional change tendencies as did the sintered compacts. These results showed that the fit and the strength of sintered titanium alloy restorations could be improved.
General and Specific Abilities as Predictors of School Achievement (1993)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between aptitude variables and school achievement using a model of ability which allows simultaneous identification of general and specific abilities. A battery of 16 aptitude tests was administered in the 6th grade and course grades were collected in 17 different subject matter areas in the 9th grade (N = 866). For the aptitude tests a confirmatory factor model is fitted with a general factor (G) along with nine orthogonal, residual factors. Some of the residual factors are quite broad (Crystallized intelligence, Gc(1), and General visualization G(1)), but most are narrow factors identified by pairs of tests (e.g., V(1), Ms(1), Num Ach(1), Vz(1), S, and Cs(1)). A model is fitted to the 17 course grades as well. The model includes a general school achievement factor (GENACH) and domain specific achievement factors in areas such as science-mathematics (SCIENCE), social science (SOCSCI(1)), language (LANG(1)) and spatial-practical performance (SPATPR(1)). Relating the latent criterion variables to the latent aptitude variables it is found that some 40% of the variance in GENACH may be accounted for by G and Gc(1). However, larger proportions of variance are accounted for in the domain specific achievement factors and different aptitude factors are important in different domains. It is conclu~ded that differentiation among at least a limited number of broad abilities may be worthwhile.
Beamforming performance of a randomly distributed sensor array system (2002)

We consider a digital signal processing sensor array system based on randomly distributed sensor nodes for intrusion and surveillance applications. The nodes having acoustical, seismic, and other sensors are self organized into a synchronized network using low powered spread spectrum transceivers. Beamforming array techniques for enhanced detection and estimation and performances under various ideal and practical conditions are presented.
Brillouin induced self-heterodyne technique for narrow line width measurement (2010)

A novel technique is introduced for jitter-insensitive sub-KHz resolution linewidth characterization technique in ultra-narrow lasers for optical communication applications. The technique is based on self-heterodyne detection induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). Non linear SBS drives the heterodyne mixing through optical frequency locking of a narrow tunable laser source and the signal under test, which is modulated in the low frequency range. Due to SBS nature, jitter variations in the optical frequency do not affect the correlation spectra measured with resolution figures up to 300 Hz, without the need for optical delay line as in conventional homodyne correlation techniques.
Communication-driven task binding for multiprocessor with latency insensitive network-on-chip (2005)

Network-on-Chip is a new design paradigm for designing core based System-on-Chip. It features high degree of reusability and scalability. In this paper, we propose a switch which employs the latency insensitive concepts and applies the round-robin scheduling techniques to achieve high communication resource utilization. Based on the assumptions of the 2D-mesh network topology constructed by the switch, this work not only models the communication and the contention effect of the network, but develops a communication-driven task binding algorithm that employs the divide and conquer strategy to map applications onto the multiprocessor system-on-chip. The algorithm attempts to derive a binding of tasks such that the overall system throughput is maximized. To compare with the task binding without consideration of communication and contention effect, the experimental results demonstrate that the overall improvement of the system throughput is 20% for 844 test cases.
Quicker reaction, lower variability: The effect of transient time in flow variability of project-driven production (2016)

Based on the knowledge of dynamic systems, the shorter the transient response, or the faster a system reaches the steady-state after the introduction of the change, the smaller will be the output variability. In lean manufacturing, the principle of reducing set-up times has the same purpose: reduce the transient time and improve production flow. Analogously, the analysis of the transient response of project-driven systems may provide crucial information about how fast these systems react to a change and how that change affects their production output. Although some studies have investigated flow variability in projects, few have looked at variability from the perspective that the transient state represents the changeovers on project-driven production systems and how the transient state affects the process’ flow variability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changes in project-driven production systems from a conceptual point of view, furthermore, measuring and correlating the transient response of five cases to their flow variability. Results showed a proportional relationship between the percentile transient time and flow variability of a process. That means that the quicker the production system reacts to change; the less the distress in the production output, consequently, lower levels of flow variability. As practical implications, lean practices focusing on reducing set-up times (transient time) can have their effects measured on project-driven production flow.
Correlative Monitoring of Immune Activation and Tissue Damage in Malignant Melanoma—An Algorithm for Identification of Tolerance Breakage During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Cancer (2020)

We describe an innovative approach for identification of tolerance breakage during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in malignant melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy enhances the immunologic clearance of cancer by suppressing pathways which induce immune suppression and tolerance. We posit that by analyzing temporal correlations of key markers of immune activation and tissue damage it would be possible to detect the onset of anticancer immune reaction as well as of immunologic adverse effects which might become crucial for optimization as well as safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. We analyzed time courses of routine laboratory values of serum tumor markers as well as of markers of immune activation in 17 patients with metastasized malignant melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibition and weekly laboratory controls. A parallel serum level increase of interleukin-6 and the tumor marker S100B could be identified in 13 patients, suggesting that the onset of tolerance breakage under checkpoint inhibition may be identified and measured. Immune-related adverse events in the patients were also accompanied by a peak of IL-6. In six patients, the onset of a putative anticancer immune reaction and the beginning of immunologic adverse events occurred in the same treatment cycle; in six patients the immunologic adverse reactions took place in separate cycles.
Thermal Stress in Bonded Joints (1979)

This paper considers the stress distributions in bonded materials induced by differential expansion or contraction of these materials. The analytical approach is similar to the lap joint theories attributed to Volkersen and expanded by Goland and Reissner. Several simple and typical analytical models are presented to bring out the relative importance of different geometrical and material parameters and to give some insight into different modes in which the bonds might fail.
Electrodeposition of Platinum on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite. Part I:  Electrochemical Characterization (2005)

The electrochemical deposition of Pt on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) from H2PtCl6 solutions was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The effects of deposition overpotential, H2PtCl6 concentration, supporting electrolyte, and anion additions on the deposition process were evaluated. Addition of chloride inhibits Pt deposition due to adsorption on the substrate and blocking of reduction sites, while SO4(2-) and ClO4- slightly promote Pt reduction. By comparing potentiostatic current-time transients with the Scharifker-Hills model, a transition from progressive to instantaneous nucleation was observed when increasing the deposition overpotential. Following addition of chloride anions the fit of experimental transients with the instantaneous nucleation mode improves, while the addition of SO4(2-) induces only small changes. Chloride anions strongly inhibit the reduction process, which is shifted in the cathodic direction. The above results indicate that the most appropriate conditions for growing Pt nanoparticles on HOPG with narrow size distribution are to use an H2PtCl6 solution with HCl as supporting electrolyte and to apply a high cathodic overpotential.