gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Determination ofTelomere SizeinHumans: A TwinStudyofThreeAgeGroups (1994)

Summary Reduction oftelomere length hasbeenpostulated tobea causal factor incellular aging. Humantelomeres terminate intandemly arranged repeat arrays consisting ofthe (TTAGGG) motif. Thelength ofthese arrays incells from humanmitotic tissues isinversely related totheageofthe donor, indicating telomere reduction withage. Inaddition totelomere length differences between different age cohorts, considerable variation ispresent amongindividuals ofthesameage. Toinvestigate whether this variation canbeascribed togenetic influences, wehavemeasured thesizeofterminal restriction fragments (TRFs) in HaeIII-digested genomic DNA from123humanMZ and DZtwinpairs 2-95years ofage. Theaverage rate oftelomere shortening was31bp/year, whichissimilar to that observed byothers. Statistical analysis in115pairs 263years ofageindicates a78%heritability formeanTRF length inthis agecohort. Theindividual differences in meanTRFlength inblood, therefore, seemtoalarge extent tobegenetically determined.
Molecular Characterization of Human Breast Tumor Vascular Cells (2020)

A detailed understanding of the assortment of genes that are expressed in breast tumor vessels is needed to facilitate the development of novel, molecularly targeted anti-angiogenic agents for breast cancer therapies. Rapid immunohistochemistry using factor VIII-related antibodies was performed on sections of frozen human luminal-A breast tumors (n = 5) and normal breast (n = 5), followed by laser capture microdissection of vascular cells. RNA was extracted and amplified, and fluorescently labeled cDNA was synthesized and hybridized to 44,000-element long-oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. Statistical analysis of microarray was used to compare differences in gene expression between tumor and normal vascular cells, and Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer was used to determine enrichment of gene ontology categories. Protein expression of select genes was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Of the 1176 genes that were differentially expressed between tumor and normal vascular cells, 55 had a greater than fourfold increase in expression level. The extracellular matrix gene ontology category was increased while the ribosome gene ontology category was decreased. Fibroblast activation protein, secreted frizzled-related protein 2, Janus kinase 3, and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 proteins localized to breast tumor endothelium as assessed by immunohistochemistry, showing significantly greater staining compared with normal tissue. These tumor endothelial marker proteins also exhibited increased expression in breast tumor vessels compared with that in normal tissues. Therefore, these genetic markers may serve as potential targets for the development of angiogenesis inhibitors.
Synchronization with multiprocessor caches (1990)

Introducing private caches in bus-based shared memory multiprocessors leads to the cache consistency problem since there may be multiple copies of shared data. However, the ability to snoop on the bus coupled with the fast broadcast capability allows the design of special hardware support for synchronization. We present a new lock-based cache scheme which incorporates synchronization into the cache coherency mechanism. With this scheme high-level synchronization primitives as well as low-level ones can be implemented without excessive overhead. Cost functions for well-known synchronization methods are derived for invalidation schemes, write update schemes, and our lock-based scheme. To accurately predict the performance implications of the new scheme, a new simulation model is developed embodying a widely accepted paradigm of parallel programming. It is shown that our lock-based protocol outperforms existing cache protocols.
Mechanical and tribological properties of tungsten carbide sputtered coatings (1999)

Tungsten Carbide (WC) hard coatings have been obtained on steel substrates by r.f. magne ron sputtering process. Two layer coatings have been deposited in order to improve adhesion on steel. The lower layer was tungsten metal and the upper WC layer was obtained by reactive sputtering of the tungsten target in Ar and methane gas mixture. AES and SIMS confirmed that the WC layer composition depends on the reactive sputtering gas composition. Film microhardness were measured by microindentation and coating adhesion by microscratch. Measurement results showed that high hardness coatings can be prepared at a relative low temperature and that good adhesion on steel is achieved with the two layer coating. Nanowear measurements showed a noticeable dependence of this applied functional property on the coating compositions. 1.
Induction of CD80 expression in low-grade B cell lymphoma--a potential immunotherapeutic target. (1995)

The CD80 antigen (B7) is expressed on activated B lymphocytes. It is thought to be important in eliciting a T cell response via its ligands CD28 and CTLA-4 when antigen is presented in the presence of the MHC-1 peptide. Low-grade B cell lymphomas analysed by flow cytometry express CD80 very poorly. However, when grown in vitro using the IL-4/anti-CD40 stromal cell culture system, following depletion of T and IgD-bearing cells, a monoclonal B cell expansion occurs. Cells harvested at days 10-13 express the antigen strongly, regardless of the histological subtype of lymphoma. Further investigation of CD80-mediated immune functions may be possible using this system as a basis for testing immunotherapy.
Identification of Eimeria mitis and Eimeria praecox in broiler feces using polymerase chain reaction (2004)

There are few reports concerning the epidemiology of Eimeria praecox and Eimeria mitis in Brazil. In the present experiment, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify these species in 156 samples of broiler chicken feces from several Brazilian states and the Federal District. Oocysts present in feces samples were purified by sodium chloride flotation followed by addition of DNAzol reagent (Invitrogen®) for extraction of genomic DNA. DNA was precipitated and stored following DNAzol reagent manufacture's instructions. The primers and PCR conditions were as described by Schnitzler et al. (1999). In the 156 field samples analyzed by PCR, 70 and 45 were positive for E. praecox and E. mitis, respectively. In this study we have shown that DNA extraction using DNAzol followed by PCR can be a useful tool in epidemiological studies, since it provides fast and reliable detection of Eimeria sp. in field samples.
A new dynamic differential logic style as a countermeasure to power analysis attacks (2008)

Power analysis attacks exploit the existence of ldquoside channelsrdquo in implementations of cryptographic algorithms to extract secret data. The scientific literature reports consolidated methods - such as Differential Power Analysis (DPA) and Simple Power Analysis (SPA) - for extracting a secret cryptographic key through the sensing of the hardware power consumption. We propose a novel dynamic and differential CMOS logic style as a countermeasure against power attacks on cryptographic devices. The proposed logic family exploits the idea of using signals with 3 possible states and operates with power consumption ideally independent on both the logic values and the sequence of data. We have designed a set of logic gates, flip flops and a simple S-BOX, and compared the S-BOX against previously published secure logic styles in terms of transistor count, power consumption and correlation between data and power dissipation.
Improving In-Circuit Diagnosis of Analog Networks with Expert Systems Techniques. (1986)

High-grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors that are characteristically hard to treat because of their nature; they grow quickly and invasively through the brain tissue and develop chemoradiation resistance in adults. There is also a distinct lack of targeted treatment options in the pediatric population for this tumor type to date. Several approaches to overcome therapeutic resistance have been explored, including targeted therapy to growth pathways (ie. EGFR and VEGF inhibitors), epigenetic modulators, and immunotherapies such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell and vaccine therapies. One new promising approach relies on the timing of chemotherapy administration based on intrinsic circadian rhythms. Recent work in glioblastoma has demonstrated temporal variations in chemosensitivity and, thus, improved survival based on treatment time of day. This may be due to intrinsic rhythms of the glioma cells, permeability of the blood brain barrier to chemotherapy agents, the tumor immune microenvironment, or another unknown mechanism. We review the literature to discuss chronotherapeutic approaches to high-grade glioma treatment, circadian regulation of the immune system and tumor microenvironment in gliomas. We further discuss how these two areas may be combined to temporally regulate and/or improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies.
A Comprehensive and Comparative Review of Global Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines (2022)

Countries differ in their treatment expertise and research results regarding gastric cancer; hence, treatment guidelines are diverse based on evidence and medical situations. A comprehensive and comparative review of each country's guidelines is imperative to understand the similarities and differences among countries. We reviewed and compared five gastric cancer treatment guidelines in terms of endoscopic, surgical, perioperative, and palliative systemic treatment based on evidence levels and recommendation grades, as well as the postoperative follow-up strategies for each guideline. The Korean, Chinese, and European guidelines provided evidence and grading of the recommendations. The United States guidelines suggested categories for evidence and consensus. The Japanese guidelines suggested evidence and recommendations only for systemic treatment. The Korean and Japanese guidelines described endoscopic treatment, surgery, and lymphadenectomy in detail. The Chinese, United States, and European guidelines more intensively considered perioperative chemotherapy. In particular, the indications for chemotherapy and the regimens recommended by each guideline differed slightly. Considering their medical situations, each guideline had some diversity in terms of adopting evidence, which resulted in heterogeneous recommendations. This review will help medical personnel to comprehensively understand the diversity in gastric cancer treatment guidelines for each country in terms of evidence and recommendations.
Accretion characteristics in intermediate polars (2006)

This thesis concerns the class of interacting binaries known as intermediate polars (IPs). These are semi-detached magnetic cataclysmic variable systems in which a red dwarf secondary transfers material via Roche lobe overflow onto a white dwarf (WD). The magnetic field of the white dwarf (~ 10<sup>6</sup> to 10<sup>7</sup>Gauss) plays an important part in determining the type of accretion flow from the secondary. In chapter 1 I discuss binary systems in general, moving on to a more in depth look at Intermediate polars (IPs), their geometry and characteristics, ending with a brief look at all known IPs to date. <br>In the first part of the thesis I present an analysis of the X-ray lightcurves in 16 IPs in order to examine the possible cause of the orbital modulation. I show that X-ray orbital modulation is widespread amongst IPs, but not ubiquitous. The orbital modulation is most likely due to photoelectric absorption in material at the edge of the accretion disk. Assuming a random distribution of inclination angles, the fact that such a modulation is seen in seven systems out of sixteen studied (plus two eclipsing systems) implies that modulations are visible at inclination angles in excess of 60°. It is also apparent that these modulations can appear and disappear on timescales of ~years or months in an individual system, which may be evidence for precessing, tilted accretion disks. <br>In the second half of the thesis I use a particle hydro dynamical code known as HyDisc, to investigate the accretion flows in IPs, as a function of parameter space for two dipole models. One where we assume that the density and size scale of the blobs being accreted are constant which we refer to as the n<sup>6</sup> model, and the other where the size scale and density of the accreted blobs are not constant refered to as the n<sup>3</sup> model. I show that the accretion flow can take the form of an accretion disk, accretion stream, propeller accretion and ring accretion for the n<sup>3</sup> model and stream and disk accretion in the n<sup>6</sup> model, depending on the magnetic field strength, orbital period and spin period of the system. <br> violate some of the assumptions of Doppler tomography, such as motion parallel to the orbital plane due to the accretion curtains and that accretion flow is constant throughout the orbital period, making the analysis more complex and the interpretations of observational tomograms flawed as they are based on false assumptions. We have therefore generated simulated tomograms from the simulated accretion flows so we can compare them with real tomograms from observed data and begin to interpret them better. In this way we can discover the nature of the accretion flows in real systems. We show that some of the tomogram features that are produced are in good agreement with those of published observations, but there are also a number of new features which arise corresponding to each of the accretion mechanisms of disks, streams, propellers, weak propellers and ring systems.
On-Line Particle Size Distribution Measurements for Latex Reactors (1991)

The on-line measurement of the particle size distribution has been an outstanding problem in the design, analysis and control of latex reactors. Most available techniques have long time delays associated, primarily, with sample preparation and/or the actual measurements. Recent developments in the interpretation of turbidity spectra have resulted in a technique for the measurement of the complete particle size distribution with instrumentation that can be easily implemented in a plant environment. In this paper, the effects of process variables such as sampling time and dilution factors are analyzed within the context of continuous on-line turbidity measurements. Important results for the design of sampling/measurement strategies are presented and discussed.
Automated auditory brainstem response interpretation (1994)

The authors report a complete automated system for auditory brainstem response (ABR) identification and waveform recognition. The goal was to develop an automated analysis methodology that would facilitate the clinical use of auditory brainstem responses by reducing the time required to manually label and measure absolute and interpeak latencies. The system presented here accomplished this goal, supplying not only threshold information, but also additional diagnostically significant information. In addition, such an automated system will standardize the labeling process, which can vary depending on the labeling preference of individual clinicians. There are currently no commercially available systems capable of labeling ABR peaks or interpreting results originating from a wide range of stimulation intensities. The system developed in this study performs both peak labeling and assessment functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blood Systems : A Case Study of Cross Culture Issues and Challenges (2006)

In the wake of the â€œMad Cowâ€ disease tragedy in the United Kingdom, it became apparent that the UK would need to look elsewhere for its countryâ€™s blood plasma needs, particularly as the possibility of transfusion-related transmission surfaced. They turned to providers of blood products in the United States and reached a contractual agreement with Blood Systems, Inc. in 2003. Thus, Legal, logistical, and cultural challenges were addressed and overcome in this international humanitarian-business relationship.Addressing the cultural differences between the United Kingdom and the United States in negotiating the contract was only the beginning of the challenges facing Blood Systems in this international venture. The contract itself had to be written to deal with European Law and medical /technical regulatory policy, the logistics of international shipping, currency valuation fluctuations, and contract renewal/extension.
The ADOR mechanism for the synthesis of new zeolites (2015)

A novel methodology, called ADOR (assembly-disassembly-organisation-reassembly), for the synthesis of zeolites is reviewed here in detail. The ADOR mechanism stems from the fact that certain chemical weakness against a stimulus may be present in a zeolite framework, which can then be utilized for the preparation of new solids through successive manipulation of the material. In this review, we discuss the critical factors of germanosilicate zeolites required for application of the ADOR protocol and describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, organisation and condensation to form new zeolites starting from zeolite UTL. Last but not least, we discuss the potential of this methodology to form other zeolites and the prospects for future investigations.
Pharmacology of anticoagulants used in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (2016)

Anticoagulant drugs are the foundation of therapy for patients with VTE. While effective therapeutic agents, anticoagulants can also result in hemorrhage and other side effects. Thus, anticoagulant therapy selection should be guided by the risks, benefits and pharmacologic characteristics of each agent for each patient. Safe use of anticoagulants requires not only an in-depth knowledge of their pharmacologic properties but also a comprehensive approach to patient management and education. This paper will summarize the key pharmacologic properties of the anticoagulant agents used in the treatment of patients with VTE.
Synthesis of N,N-dialkylcarbamato complexes of Group 4 metals (Ti, Zr, Hf) by the metal chloride–NHR<sub>2</sub>–CO<sub>2</sub>system (R = Et or Pr<sup>i</sup>): crystal and molecular structure of [Hf(O<sub>2</sub>CNPr<sup>i</sup><sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (1991)

The compounds [M(O2CNR2)4](M = Ti, Zr or Hf; R = Et or Pri) have been prepared by treating the corresponding metal tetrachloride with CO2–NHR2 in toluene. The structure of [Hf(O2CNPri2)4] has been solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 12.756(3), b= 22.131(9), c= 14.548(5)Å, β= 113.03(2)° and Z= 4. It consists of monomeric units, the hafnium atom being surrounded by the eight oxygen atoms of the four N,N-diisopropylcarbamato groups in a slightly distorted dodecahedral arrangement. By reaction with anhydrous hydrogen halides HX (X = Cl, Br or I) the hexahalogenometalate(IV) anions, [MX6]2–, as the diethylammonium derivatives, have been obtained in high yields. The redox reaction between [Ti(O2CNEt2)4] and [V(η-C5Me5)2] gives the titanium(III) and vanadium(III) complexes [{Ti(O2CNEt2)3}n] and [V(η-C5Me5)2(O2CNEt2)], respectively.
Learning user interest dynamics with a three‐descriptor representation (2001)

Learning users' interest categories is challenging in a dynamic environment like the Web because they change over time. This article describes a novel scheme to represent a user's interest categories, and an adaptive algorithm to learn the dynamics of the user's interests through positive and negative relevance feedback. We propose a three-descriptor model to represent a user's interests. The proposed model maintains a long-term interest descriptor to capture the user's general interests and a short-term interest descriptor to keep track of the user's more recent, faster-changing interests. An algorithm based on the three-descriptor representation is developed to acquire high accuracy of recognition for long-term interests, and to adapt quickly to changing interests in the short-term. The model is also extended to multiple three-descriptor representations to capture a broader range of interests. Empirical studies confirm the effectiveness of this scheme to accurately model a user's interests and to adapt appropriately to various levels of changes in the user's interests.
Attenuation of neonatal ischemic brain damage using a 20‐HETE synthesis inhibitor (2012)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid that that contributes to infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia. However, little is known about the role of 20-HETE in global cerebral ischemia or neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I). The present study examined the effects of blockade of the synthesis of 20-HETE with N-hydroxy-N'-(4-n-butyl-2-methylphenyl) formamidine (HET0016) in neonatal piglets after H-I to determine if it protects highly vulnerable striatal neurons. Administration of HET0016 after H-I improved early neurological recovery and protected neurons in putamen after 4 days of recovery. HET0016 had no significant effect on cerebral blood flow. cytochrome P450 4A immunoreactivity was detected in putamen neurons, and direct infusion of 20-HETE in the putamen increased phosphorylation of Na(+), K(+) -ATPase and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit selectively at protein kinase C-sensitive sites but not at protein kinase A-sensitive sites. HET0016 selectively inhibited the H-I induced phosphorylation at these same sites at 3 h of recovery and improved Na(+), K(+) -ATPase activity. At 3 h, HET0016 also suppressed H-I induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and protein markers of nitrosative and oxidative stress. Thus, 20-HETE can exert direct effects on key proteins involved in neuronal excitotoxicity in vivo and contributes to neurodegeneration after global cerebral ischemia in immature brain.
Retinal pigment epithelial cell-based gene therapy against hemoglobin toxicity. (1998)

To determine if overexpression of the human heme oxygenase (HO-1) protects retinal pigment (RPE) cells from hemoglobin toxicity, a human RPE cell line was infected by an adenoviral vector containing the HO-1 (Ad-HO-1) gene or transfected with a plasmid containing the cytomegalovirus promoter and HO-1 cDNA (pRc/CMV-HO-1) complexed to cationic liposomes. Phase contrast microscopy and acid phosphatase activity were examined to insure homogeneity of the cell line. Mitochondrial cytochrome and microsomal heme content were measured in both transduced and control cells. RPE cells were then challenged with hemoglobin and their viability estimated. We determined that cells transfected with Ad HO-1 overexpressed HO-1 compared to control cells: HO-1 mRNA levels were increased 3-fold within 3 days, decreasing in 7 days. In addition, we permanently transfected RPE cells with HO-1 gene. Transfected cell clones selected for neomycin resistance had elevated levels of HO activity 3-fold higher than control. Transfected cells exposed to hemoglobin had a survival rate of 93%; non-transfected cells had a 65-75% rate of survival. Transfected cells overexpressing HO-1 proved highly viable when challenged with hemoglobin. HO-1 appears to be an important component of the cellular anti-oxidant defense mechanisms against hemoglobin toxicity. However, the choice of transient or permanent expression of HO-1 against hemoglobin toxicity and hemorrhage needs to be further evaluated.