gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of Performances of Various Membranes Using MWNTs as a Modifier (2007)

Abstract The effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) incorporated for the modification of membrane performances was studied. Two different types of membranes were prepared by using MWNTs: one was polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and the other was polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) pervaporation membrane. The PSf UF membranes with different contents of MWNTs were prepared by the conventional phase inversion process, and used for water‐treatment. On the other hand, the PVA membranes with different amount of MWNTs were prepared by the casting and drying method, and used for the pervaporation separation of water out of ethanol solution containing 10% of water. The two different types of membranes were then characterized with several analytical methods to figure out how the MWNTs were distributed through the membranes and affect on the properties of them: For the PSf membranes, the MWNTs mainly located on the surface of the membranes made them more hydrophilic and improved the selective permeation performances of the membranes. In the case of the PVA membranes, the MWNTs were distributed rather homogeneously through out the membranes, and affected on the micro‐morphology of the membranes, causing them to have different pervaporation performances.
Detection of PPM-UWB Random Signals (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper focuses on the symbol detection problem of random pulse-position modulation (PPM) ultrawideband (UWB) signals in the absence of interframe interference. Particular attention is devoted to severely time-varying channels where optimal detectors are proposed for both uncorrelated and correlated scattering scenarios. This is done by assuming the received waveforms to be unknown parameters. In UWB communication systems, the assumption of unknown random waveforms is consistent with the fact that the received waveform has very little resemblance with the original transmitted pulse. In order to circumvent this limitation, a conditional approach is presented herein by compressing the likelihood ratio test with the information regarding the second-order moments of the end-to-end channel response. Both full-rank and rank-one detectors are derived. For the reduced complexity rank-one detector, an iterative procedure is presented that maximizes the J-divergence between the hypotheses to be tested. Finally, simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed detectors in different propagation environments. </para>
Tractor Ballasting Recommendations (1982)

An equation is developed which predicts operating weight requirements for agricultural tractors. The equation is based on tractive performance data reported in the literature. The equation is used as the basis for advisory recommendations on tractor ballasting.
Discovery of a Potent, Injectable Inhibitor of Aurora Kinases Based on the Imidazo-[1,2-<i>a</i>]-Pyrazine Core (2010)

The imidazo-[1,2-a]-pyrazine (1) is a dual inhibitor of Aurora kinases A and B with modest cell potency (IC50 = 250 nM) and low solubility (5 μM). Lead optimization guided by the binding mode led to the acyclic amino alcohol 12k (SCH 1473759), which is a picomolar inhibitor of Aurora kinases (TdF K d Aur A = 0.02 nM and Aur B = 0.03 nM) with improved cell potency (phos-HH3 inhibition IC50 = 25 nM) and intrinsic aqueous solubility (11.4 mM). It also demonstrated efficacy and target engagement in human tumor xenograft mouse models.
Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 1 Is a Transcriptional Repressor and Requires Arylhydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator for Its Nuclear Localization (2006)

Neuronal PAS domain protein 1 (NPAS1), a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor expressed in the central nervous system, has been suggested to be involved in neuronal differentiation. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying the role of NPAS1 during development. In this study we set out to characterize the different domains within NPAS1. We showed that the nuclear localization of NPAS1 is dependent on the presence of ARNT. In addition, the transcriptional potential of ARNT is not required for this localization. In the absence of ARNT, NPAS1 is excluded from the nucleus, and this exclusion is due to the presence of a nuclear export signal within the N terminus of NPAS1. The interaction between NPAS1 and ARNT is via their N termini. We found no transactivation domain within NPAS1; instead, we mapped out at least three repression domains within NPAS1, suggesting that NPAS1 acts as a repressor. Furthermore, our experiments showed that NPAS1 is able to repress the transactivation functions of ARNT and ARNT2. We suggest that NPAS1 is guided into the nucleus by ARNT via the ARNT nuclear localization signal, and NPAS1 can override the activation function of adjacent transcription factors, providing a mechanism by which NPAS1 may inhibit transcription.
Grid-GCN for Fast and Scalable Point Cloud Learning (2020)

Due to the sparsity and irregularity of the point cloud data, methods that directly consume points have become popular. Among all point-based models, graph convolutional networks (GCN) lead to notable performance by fully preserving the data granularity and exploiting point interrelation. However, point-based networks spend a significant amount of time on data structuring (e.g., Farthest Point Sampling (FPS) and neighbor points querying), which limit the speed and scalability. In this paper, we present a method, named Grid-GCN, for fast and scalable point cloud learning. Grid-GCN uses a novel data structuring strategy, Coverage-Aware Grid Query (CAGQ). By leveraging the efficiency of grid space, CAGQ improves spatial coverage while reducing the theoretical time complexity. Compared with popular sampling methods such as Farthest Point Sampling (FPS) and Ball Query, CAGQ achieves up to 50 times speed-up. With a Grid Context Aggregation (GCA) module, Grid-GCN achieves state-of-the-art performance on major point cloud classification and segmentation benchmarks with significantly faster runtime than previous studies. Remarkably, Grid-GCN achieves the inference speed of 50FPS on ScanNet using 81920 points as input. The supplementary xharlie.github.io/papers/GGCN_supCamReady.pdf and the code github.com/xharlie/Grid-GCN are released.
Contrast Burst Depletion Imaging (CODIM) (2003)

CODIM is a promising new tool of imaging parenchymal (brain) perfusion in healthy persons. The method provides semiquantitative and depth-independent perfusion parameters and in this way overcomes the limitations of the perfusion methods using a bolus kinetic. Further investigations must be done to evaluate the potential of the method in patients with perfusion deficits.
[Influence of glutathione on the catalytic properties of leucine aminopeptidase]. (1976)

1. Leucine aminopeptidase does not catalyze the hydrolysis of glutathione. 2. Glutathione inhibits the hydrolysis of the substrates leucine hydrazide and leucine-p-nitroanilide by leucine aminopeptidase. 3. By means of kinetic experiments the type of the inhibition has been determined as noncompetitive. The inhibition constant Ki for the Mg2+-activated enzyme is five times higher than for the non-activated enzyme. 4. The degree of inhibition caused by glutathione depends on the pH value indicating a competition between glutathione and OH- ions. Mg2+-activated enzyme is invariably inhibited in the investigated pH range of 7.2 to 9.8. 5. A preincubation of the enzyme with glutathione changes the degree of activity enhancement by metal ions.
DNA Methylation and Environmental Exposures in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2002)

Geographic variations in the methylation status of various CpG islands indicate that environmental factors may influence the frequent and concordant degree of hypermethylation in multiple genes in HCC tumors.
Recruiting patients to medical research: double blind randomised trial of “opt-in” versus “opt-out” strategies (2005)

The opt-in approach to participant recruitment, increasingly required by ethics committees, resulted in lower response rates and a biased sample. We propose that the opt-out approach should be the default recruitment strategy for studies with low risk to participants.
Metastin Receptor Is Overexpressed in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Activates MAP Kinase in Thyroid Cancer Cells (2002)

The development of distant metastasis is the most important predictor of death from thyroid cancer. KiSS-1 is a recently cloned human metastasis suppressor gene whose product, metastin, was recently identified as the endogenous agonist for a novel Gq/11 coupled receptor (metastin receptor). The expression and functional consequences of metastin and the metastin receptor have not been evaluated in thyroid cancer. We measured metastin and metastin receptor mRNA levels in 10 FCs and 13 papillary carcinomas (PCs), 2 benign non-functioning follicular adenomas (FAs), and 11 normal thyroid samples, and evaluated the signaling pathways activated by metastin in ARO thyroid cancer cells that express the metastin receptor endogenously. Paired normal and tumor samples were available for 4 PC and 3 PFC samples. Metastin mRNA was detected in 6/11 normal samples, and 0/2 FA, 2/10 FC, and 9/13 PC samples (p < 0.05 for PC vs. FC). Metastin receptor was not expressed in any normal thyroid or benign FA samples, and was expressed in only a minority (2/10) of FC samples. However, the receptor was expressed in the majority (10/13) of PCs (p = 0.002 for PC vs. normal tissue). Increased levels of metastin receptor were detected in all four PCs compared to adjacent normal tissue. Incubation levels of metastin receptor were detected in all four PCs compared to adjacent normal tissue. Incubation of metastin receptor expressing ARO thyroid cancer cells with metastin resulted in activation of ERK, but not Akt. Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for metastin and/or metastin receptors in modulating the biological behavior of thyroid cancers.
Goos-Hänchen shift surface plasmon resonance sensor (2006)

A high resolution surface plasmon resonance sensor is proposed and demonstrated by measuring the plasmon resonance enhanced Goos-Hänchen effect at attenuated total internal reflection. The giant Goos-Hänchen shift results from the singular phase retardation at the resonance which leads to the superior sensitivity of the sensor.
Bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) Decomposition with Cathodic Current Flowing in a Copper-Electroplating Bath (2009)

The composition of the plating electrolyte is important in a copper (Cu) electroplating process. The consumption rate of bis(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS) has a strong correlation with the electroplating current density. The decomposition of SPS is relative to the electroplating charge and to the age of the Cu anode. The cathodic current density improves SPS breakdown, and it increases the generation of by-products resulting from SPS decomposition. The aged bath is examined using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The aged bath helps increase cupric ion reduction because the concentration of cupric ions increases with time after Cu electroplating. The SPS species reacted with cuprous ions to produce the Cu-accelerator complex, which increased the depolarization effect.
Differentiation and characterization of B-cell precursors detected in the yolk sac and embryo body of embryos beginning at the 10- to 12-somite stage. (1993)

The embryonic sites in which progenitors of the hematopoietic lineages first emerge are ideal regions to characterize both the cells and environment needed to initiate blood cell development. For a number of years both the murine yolk sac and embryo have been recognized to contain progenitors of B lymphocytes. However, clonal, quantitative in vitro assays, which allow precise observation of precursors and their progeny, have been lacking. Moreover, the site of origin of the initial events remains controversial. In this report we document the presence of B-cell progenitors in yolk sac and embryonic tissue obtained from mouse fetuses beginning at the 10-somite stage, day 8.5. We determine the frequency, cell-surface phenotype, and growth properties of these progenitors. We show that these cells can differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells and that the progeny derived from single progenitors are diverse with respect to immunoglobulin heavy-chain allotype expression, diversity-joining region use, and heavy-chain variable-region utilization.
Cover Image (2016)

The cover image, by Zhi Q. Yao et al., is based on the Original Article HCV-induced miR146a controls SOCS1/STAT3 and cytokine expression in monocytes to promote regulatory T cell development, DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12537.
Use of microbubble dispersion for soil scouring (1995)

Techniques for generating a microbubble dispersion (colloidal gas aphrons) have been developed. The microbubbles typically consist of 60 to 70% dispersion of 55-{micro} microbubbles in water, although dispersion up to 90 to 95% can be generated continuously. A number of laboratory soil column flow studies have been completed to define the potential of using these microbubbles to scour and release dispersed organics for subsequent pumping and removal or to enhance in situ degradation. The higher viscosity foams flow forward and fill up larger channels. The pressure drop builds up in the channel, resulting in foam flow into less accessible spill zones. In scouring hexadecane from columns containing 50- to 70-mesh sand, following a water preflush, up to 80% of the remaining organic could be flushed using a 70% CGA quality (70% air, 30% liquid). The technique was less effective at lower CGA quality. In genera, a surfactant concentration of 1,000 to 5,000 ppm was needed to generate the microbubbles.
20 THz broadband generation using semi-insulating GaAs interdigitated photoconductive antennas (2014)

We demonstrate broadband (20 THz), high electric field, terahertz generation using large area interdigitated antennas fabricated on semi-insulating GaAs. The bandwidth is characterized as a function of incident pulse duration (15-35 fs) and pump energy (2-30 nJ). Broadband spectroscopy of PTFE is shown. Numerical Drude-Lorentz simulations of the generated THz pulses are performed as a function of the excitation pulse duration, showing good agreement with the experimental data.
Separation and Purification of Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Heated Sardine Meat by Treatment with Alkaline Protease. (1993)

加熱処理を行ったイワシ落し身をアルカリプロテアーゼで加水分解し,調製した粉末α-1000に含まれるACE阻害ペプチドの単離を行い,以下の結果を得た.(1) 予備加熱を行ったイワシタンパク質のアリカリプロテアーゼ分解物粉末α-1000を吸着樹脂カラムに通し,脱イオン水で溶出することにより, ODS樹脂カラムのそれと同等な官能評価を持つ苦味の除去された高いACE阻害活性(IC50=0.148mgタンパク質/m/l)を有するペプチドを得ることができた.(2) AMBERLITE XAD-2から脱イオン水で溶出したAF-1画分をゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーにより,6つの主要な活性画分に分画した.(3) Asahipak GS-320カラムクロマトグラフィーにより得られた高活性画分を逆相HPLCで分離した結果,数多くのフラグメントが認められた.さらに,ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーと逆相HPLCのリクロマトで精製することによりFIH-A3, FIH-B6を単離し,以下のアミノ酸配列とIC50値を有することを明らかにした.FIH-A3: Thr-Tyr (1C50=288μM)FIH-B6: Gly-Trp (IC50=86μM)
Controllable Gelation of Methylcellulose by a Salt Mixture (2004)

The effects of a salt mixture consisting of a salt-out salt (NaCl) and a salt-in salt (NaI) on the sol-gel transition of methylcellulose (MC) in aqueous solution have been studied by means of micro differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. The salt mixture was found to have a combined effect from the salt-out and salt-in salts in the mixture, and the salt effect was dependent on the water hydration abilities of the component ions and ion concentration. At a fixed total salt concentration, the sol-gel transition temperature nicely followed a rule of mixing: Tp = m1Tp1 + m2Tp2 where Tp, Tp1, and Tp2 are the gelation peak temperatures for the MC solutions with a salt mixture, NaCl, and NaI, respectively, and mi is the molar fraction of the salt component i in the salt mixture. The linear rule of mixing proved that the effects of NaCl and NaI on the sol-gel transition of MC are completely independent. In addition, the presence of a single salt or a salt mixture in a MC solution does not change the essential mechanism of MC gelation. Therefore, the sol-gel transition of MC can be simply controlled by a salt mixture consisting of a salt-out salt and a salt-in salt. The rheological results supported the micro thermal results excellently. But the gel strength of MC containing salts was influenced by both salt type and salt concentration.
HYDROFLUORIC ACID BURNS (1971)

IVERSON, RONALD E. M.D.; LAUB, DONALD R. M.D.; MADISON, MITCHELL S. M.D. Author Information
High-speed, high-power double-clad fiber amplifiers (1998)

Summary form only given. Double-clad optical fibers are a robust, convenient medium for efficient optical amplification. Their compatibility with high-power semiconductor laser pump sources allows them to operate at saturated power levels of several watts, significantly higher than the level achievable with conventional diode-pumped fiber amplifiers. When coupled with a high-speed master oscillator, such an amplifier becomes an efficient high-speed, high-power optical transmitter. Such a source is of considerable interest for a high-speed space link. The transmitter consisted of a high-speed master laser diode, a high-gain fiber preamplifier, and a high-efficiency fiber power amplifier. The master oscillator was a Fabry-Perot laser diode centered at /spl lambda/=1072 nm, mounted in a high-speed, fiber-coupled package. The laser operated kink free to >50 mW and exhibited a 3-dB roll-off frequency of 11.1 GHz. Both the pre-amp and power amp were based on Yb-doped double-clad fibers pumped with /spl lambda/=915 nm fiber-coupled laser diodes. A polarization-independent optical isolator prevented feedback from the amplifier destabilizing the master oscillator. A free-space WDM module used to combine the signal and pump light into the core and cladding, respectively, of the pre-amp fiber, is shown.
The relative contributions of scatter and attenuation corrections toward improved brain SPECT quantification (1998)

Mounting evidence indicates that scatter and attenuation are major confounds to objective diagnosis of brain disease by quantitative SPECT. There is considerable debate, however, as to the relative importance of scatter correction (SC) and attenuation correction (AC), and how they should be implemented. The efficacy of SC and AC for 99mTc brain SPECT was evaluated using a two-compartment fully tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic head phantom. Four correction schemes were implemented: uniform broad-beam AC, non-uniform broad-beam AC, uniform SC + AC, and non-uniform SC + AC. SC was based on non-stationary deconvolution scatter subtraction, modified to incorporate a priori knowledge of either the head contour (uniform SC) or transmission map (non-uniform SC). The quantitative accuracy of the correction schemes was evaluated in terms of contrast recovery, relative quantification (cortical:cerebellar activity), uniformity ((coefficient of variation of 230 macro-voxels) x 100%), and bias (relative to a calibration scan). Our results were: uniform broad-beam (mu = 0.12 cm(-1)) AC (the most popular correction): 71% contrast recovery, 112% relative quantification, 7.0% uniformity, +23% bias. Non-uniform broad-beam (soft tissue mu = 0.12 cm(-1)) AC: 73%, 114%, 6.0%, +21%, respectively. Uniform SC + AC: 90%, 99%, 4.9%, +12%, respectively. Non-uniform SC + AC: 93%, 101%, 4.0%, +10%, respectively. SC and AC achieved the best quantification; however, non-uniform corrections produce only small improvements over their uniform counterparts. SC + AC was found to be superior to AC; this advantage is distinct and consistent across all four quantification indices.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. (2001)

Dry-eye disease is accompanied by an increase in the proinflammatory forms of IL-1 (IL-1 alpha and mature IL-1 beta) and a decrease in the biologically inactive precursor IL-1 beta in tear fluid. Increased protease activity on the ocular surface may be one mechanism by which precursor IL-1 beta is cleaved to the mature, biologically active form. The conjunctival epithelium appears to be one source of the increased concentration of IL-1 in the tear fluid of patients with dry-eye disease. These results suggest that IL-1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
EFFICIENT 2D AND 3D SHOT RECORD REDATUMING<sup>1</sup> (1989)

ABSTRACT In order to make 3D prestack depth migration feasible on modern computers it is necessary to use a target‐oriented migration scheme. By limiting the output of the migration to a specific depth interval (target zone), the efficiency of the scheme is improved considerably. The first step in such a target‐oriented approach is redatuming of the shot records at the surface to the upper boundary of the target zone. For this purpose, efficient non‐recursive wavefield extrapolation operators should be generated. We propose a ray tracing method or the Gaussian beam method. With both methods operators can be efficiently generated for any irregular shooting geometry at the surface. As expected, the amplitude behaviour of the Gaussian beam method is better than that of the ray tracing based operators. The redatuming algorithm is performed per shot record, which makes the data handling very efficient. From the shot records at the surface‘genuine zero‐offset data’are generated at the upper boundary of the target zone. Particularly in situations with a complicated overburden, the quality of target‐oriented zero‐offset data is much better than can be reached with a CMP stacking method at the surface. The target‐oriented zero‐offset data can be used as input to a full 3D zero‐offset depth migration scheme, in order to obtain a depth section of the target zone.
Hydrogenation of Si from SiNx(H) films: Characterization of H introduced into the Si (2003)

A promising method to introduce H into multicrystalline Si solar cells in order to passivate bulk defects is by the postdeposition annealing of a H-rich, SiNx surface layer. It has previously been difficult to characterize the small concentration of H that is introduced by this method. Infrared spectroscopy has been used together with marker impurities in the Si to determine the concentration and depth of H introduced into Si from an annealed SiNx film.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) IV. Cytological Changes in Infected Bovine Kidney and HeLa Cultures (1958)

In both bovine kidney and HeLa cultures, extensive focal nuclear degeneration followed inoculation with a HeLa-adapted IBR virus strain. The pattern of nuclear and cytoplasmic degeneration was similar for the native host (PBK) and the HeLa cell. In cells of both types, nuclear inclusions were Feulgen-negative, and morphologic nuclear changes were accompanied by a reduction of DNA.
New compact quasi-periodic and aperiodic mode converters for 60 and 140 GHz gyrotrons (1987)

New shorter, broader bandwidth designs are discussed for TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">03</inf> -TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</inf> and TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</inf> -TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> varying-radius mode converters and TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> -TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> serpentine mode converters for a 2.779 cm diameter circular waveguide at 60 and 140 GHz. Designs combining TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> -TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on-1</inf> converters and a 6.35–2.779 cm taper are also presented.