gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DFRC Method for Lignin Analysis. 6. A Simple Modification for Identifying Natural Acetates on Lignins (1998)

By modifying the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) procedure to be completely acetate-free, the presence and regiochemistry of natural acetates on lignins can be determined. Derivatization is conducted with propionyl bromide in propionic acid instead of acetyl bromide in acetic acid; reductive cleavage uses zinc in propionic acid instead of in acetic acid, and the final derivatization step uses propionic anhydride instead of acetic anhydride. Applying the modified procedure to lignins or cell walls from kenaf bast fibers proved that their lignins are highly γ-acetylated, mainly on syringyl units, supporting results of previous NMR work. Application to isolated hardwood lignins or cell walls confirmed reported low-level acetylation and elucidated its γ-regiochemistry. The DFRC method therefore provides a convenient screen for many types of lignin acylation. Keywords: Lignin; acylation; acetylation; DFRC; lignin acetates; lignin esters; kenaf; Tainung kenaf; aspen
Morphine kinetics in cancer patients (1981)

Oral and intravenous morphine kinetics were studied in seven patients with cancer who needed continuous treatment with morphine because of severe chronic pain. Single oral (20 to 30 mg) and intravenous (4 mg) doses were given on separate days, followed by repetitive blood sampling for morphine analysis by gas chromatography. Volume of distribution ranged from 0.95 to 3.75 l/kg and serum clearance from 5.0 to 16.1 ml/min/kg. Oral morphine in doses that were more than five times the intravenous dose gave concentrations (at 10 and 120 min after dose) between 38 and 112 ng/ml. During the 0.25- to 8-hr period after the oral dose serum concentrations were higher than after the intravenous dose. There was a variation in oral bioavailability of 15% to 64% and an interindividual variation in terminal half-life from 58 to 465 min. These data warrant careful adjustment of the oral dose under close supervision of the patient at the onset of therapy.
Consistent symmetric axis method for robust detection of ellipses (1997)

Ellipse detection is an interesting issue in machine vision researches and many approaches have been suggested to determine the parameters. Recently, a symmetric axis method has been proposed to determine the centre of an ellipse, but other parameters are determined otherwise. A consistent symmetric axis method is proposed that utilises the information inherent in the symmetric axes throughout the entire process to compute all of the parameters. A closed-form solution is obtained, hence the calculation of the parameters is fast. In addition, since the determination of the symmetric axes involves a set of points on the ellipse, the procedure is robust. Experiments with disjoint ellipses, interacting ellipses, defective ellipses and real objects indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method both theoretically and practically.
A Review of Educational Technology for ManagementDevelopment (1989)

Some of the strengths and weaknesses of using microcomputers, video (disc and tape) and teleconferencing (which may combine with other technologies even when distance is a factor) in business education are explored. It is argued that computers and interactive video appear to be among the most effective methods for learning and that one of their drawbacks – cost – is coming down.
Oxygen-Dependent Perturbation of Life Span and Aging Rate in the Nematode (1993)

The effects of atmospheric oxygen on the life span and aging rate of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans were examined. The mean and maximum life spans of both the wild type and mev-1(kn1) mutant, whose cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase activity level is about half of the wild type, were increased and decreased under low and high concentrations of oxygen, respectively. The Gompertz component, a parameter of aging rate, of the wild type was smaller under 1% oxygen than under 2% or more oxygen. Further, the Gompertz component of the mutant increased with an increase in oxygen concentration. These effects of oxygen on the perturbation of life span and aging rate were more pronounced in the mev-1(kn1) mutant than in the wild type. The oxygen-dependent perturbation of life span and aging rate seems to be enhanced by a genetic defect of the mutant in antioxidant defense. A 1% oxygen exposure at the early phase of life span was ineffective for life span extension in the mutant, suggesting that the effect of oxygen concentrations on life span is not secondary to the effects of development and maturation. These results show that changes in oxygen concentration perturb aging rate, and hence oxygen is involved in the specification of life span of the nematode.
Therapy of Molecular Relapse in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1999)

Fourteen patients with PML/RARalpha-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were given salvage therapy at the time of first molecular relapse. All patients had achieved first molecular remission after the AIDA protocol (all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA] + idarubicin) and were being prospectively monitored by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Molecular relapse was defined as reappearance of RT-PCR-positivity for the PML/RARalpha fusion (sensitivity 10(-4)) in 2 successive marrow samples collected during postconsolidation monitoring. The median duration of first molecular remission was 7.5 months (range, 2 to 25). Salvage therapy consisted of oral ATRA for 30 days followed by 4 daily courses of chemotherapy (CHT) with cytarabine 1 g/m(2)/d and mitoxantrone 6 mg/m(2)/d. Second molecular remission was obtained in 12 of 14 patients (86%). Seven of these 12 attained molecular remission after ATRA alone. Of the 2 patients who persisted PCR(+) after CHT, 1 died in remission and 1 progressed to hematologic relapse. Of 12 patients PCR(-), 8 received consolidation with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and 4 received ATRA-containing maintenance. Ten patients in this group are in sustained second molecular remission at a median time of 9.5+ months (range, 4 to 22+) and 2 underwent hematologic relapse 6 and 13 months, respectively, after transient second molecular remission. The 2-year Kaplan and Meier survival estimate from time of relapse was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61% to 98%) in this series, and 44% (95% CI: 35% to 52%) in a previous series of 37 patients who received the same treatment at the time of hematologic recurrence (P <.05, by log-rank test). This study suggests that early administration of salvage therapy is advantageous in APL and represents the first experience on therapy of molecular relapse in acute leukemia.
Complications in arthroscopic surgery performed by experienced arthroscopists (1988)

Twenty-one experienced arthroscopists participated in a prospective, 19-month study to analyze complications in arthroscopic surgery of the knee and other joints. Participants responded to a monthly questionnaire that provided information on a case-by-case basis for the duration of the study. A total of 63 specific procedures were studied. A total of 10,262 procedures were recorded. Procedures performed on the knee joint were most prevalent in the study (8,741 or 86%). Complications were placed in one of 11 descriptive categories for analysis; 173 complications occurred and the overall complication rate was 1.68%. The types of complications recorded in order of frequency were hemarthrosis, 60.1%; infection, 12.1%; thromboembolic disease, 6.9%; anesthetic complications, 6.4%; instrument failure, 2.9%; reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 2.3%; ligament injury, 1.2%; and fracture and neurologic injuries, 0.6% each. The remainder were miscellaneous complications, 6.9%. No vascular injuries were reported. The two most frequent procedures reported were medial meniscectomy (2,468) with a complication rate of 1.78%, and lateral meniscectomy (1,149) with a complication rate of 1.48%. Overall, there was a lower incidence of complications in meniscal repair (1.29%), including both inside-out and outside-in techniques, than in meniscectomy (1.69%). In-depth information was gathered on each complication. In addition, profiles on surgical techniques and surgical equipment were obtained from each of the contributing surgeons. The complication rate in arthroscopic surgery was found to be higher than had been previously found in retrospective surveys. With further analysis oft he complication data and profiles of the surgeons, protective techniques can be further identified to help reduce the incidence of complications in arthroscopic surgery.
Liposomes as cyclosporin A carriers: ESR study of cyclosporin A interaction with 1,2-dimyristoyl-<i>sn</i>-3-phosphatidylglycerol liposomest (1991)

In order to study the interaction of cyclosporin A (CsA) with phosphatidylglycerol liposomes, thermally induced changes of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) liposomes and DMPG liposomes containing CsA were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using 5-, 7-, 10-, 12- or 16-nitroxide stearic acid (NO-SA) as spin probes. All liposomes were purified by Sepharose 4B column chromatography and the molar ratio of [14C]DMPG/[3H]CsA in these liposomes was found to be 31.1 +/- 0.6. ESR spectroscopy established that the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of DMPG liposomes occurred sharply at 22 degrees C, shifted significantly to 26-34 degrees C in the presence of CsA, detected with 5-, 7-, 10- and 12-NO-SA probes. Furthermore, transitions at 23 degrees C and 31 degrees C were detected with 16-NO-SA probe in the same liposomes containing CsA. It was concluded that CsA interacts with both the polar head group region and the entire hydrocarbon region of DMPG and must be embedded in the hydrophobic region of liposomes.
The<i>ILVS</i>gene of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>is highly expressed (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the yeast ILV5gene, which codes for the branched-chain amlno acid biosynthesis enzyme acetohydroxyacid reductoiso-merase, has been determined. The ILV5coding region is 1, 185 nucleotides, corresponding to a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 44, 280. Transcription of the ILV5mRNA initiates at position -81 upstream from the ATG translation start codon and terminates between 218 and 222 bases downstream from the stop codon. Consensus sequences have been identified for initiation and termination of transcription, and for general control of amino acid biosynthesis, as well as repression by leucine. The ILV5gene is regulated slightly by general amino acid control. Codon usage of the ILV5gene has the strong bias observed in yeast genes that are highly expressed. In agreement with this, the reductoisomerase monomer, with an apparent molecular weight of 40, 000, has been identified in an SDS polyacrylamide gel pattern of total soluble yeast proteins as a gene dosage dependent band.
Crash Tests and the Head Injury Criterion (1998)

Crash Tests and the Head Injury Criterion Get access Hans-Wolfgang Henn Hans-Wolfgang Henn Address for correspondence: Rulaenderweg 16, D- 76356 Weingarten Germany. (Wolfgang.Henn@lehrerl.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, Volume 17, Issue 4, December 1998, Pages 162–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/teamat/17.4.162 Published: 01 December 1998 Article history Received: 01 January 1998 Accepted: 01 February 1998 Published: 01 December 1998
Split GFP technologies to structurally characterize and quantify functional biomolecular interactions of FTD-related proteins (2017)

Abstract Protein multimerization in physiological and pathological conditions constitutes an intrinsic trait of proteins related to neurodegeneration. Recent evidence shows that TDP-43, a RNA-binding protein associated with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exists in a physiological and functional nuclear oligomeric form, whose destabilization may represent a prerequisite for misfolding, toxicity and subsequent pathological deposition. Here we show the parallel implementation of two split GFP technologies, the GFP bimolecular and trimolecular fluorescence complementation (biFC and triFC) in the context of TDP-43 self-assembly. These techniques coupled to a variety of assays based on orthogonal readouts allowed us to define the structural determinants of TDP-43 oligomerization in a qualitative and quantitative manner. We highlight the versatility of the GFP biFC and triFC technologies for studying the localization and mechanisms of protein multimerization in the context of neurodegeneration.
Automated Quality Measurement in Department of the Veterans Affairs Discharge Instructions for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (2013)

Quality measurement is an important issue for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In this study, we piloted the use of an informatics tool, the Multithreaded Clinical Vocabulary Server (MCVS), which extracted automatically whether the VA Office of Quality and Performance measures of quality of care were met for the completion of discharge instructions for inpatients with congestive heart failure. We used a single document, the discharge instructions, from one section of the medical records for 152 patients and developed a reference standard using two independent reviewers to assess performance. When evaluated against the reference standard, MCVS achieved a sensitivity of 0.87, a specificity of 0.86, and a positive predictive value of 0.90. The automated process using the discharge instruction document worked effectively. The use of the MCVS tool for concept-based indexing resulted in mostly accurate data capture regarding quality measurement, but improvements are needed to further increase the accuracy of data extraction.
B-mode ultrasound common carotid artery intima-media thickness and external diameter: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with carotid atherosclerosis in a large population sample (2008)

RCCA IMT and external diameter provide partially overlapping information relating to carotid atherosclerotic lesions. More importantly, the RCCA phenotype of coexistent wall thickening with external diameter enlargement indicates higher atherosclerotic risk than isolated wall thickening or diameter enlargement.
Rafts in adult peripheral nerve myelin contain major structural myelin proteins and myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) and CD59 as specific markers (2002)

The myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) proteolipid is localized in central and peripheral compact myelin membranes, as well as in apical membranes of particular polarized cells. In this study, we addressed the question whether MAL and other peripheral myelin proteins are sorted and targeted to myelin membranes using mechanisms similar to those observed in polarized epithelial cells. To investigate the presence of raft-mediated sorting pathways in Schwann cells, we have isolated and analysed their composition in myelin membranes. Here, we show that rafts are present in adult human and rat peripheral compact myelin membranes and contain MAL, the GPI-anchored protein CD59, and substantial amounts of the PMP22 and P0. Colocalization studies show that CD59, and MAL have an almost identical expression pattern within compact myelin. Moreover, immuno-electron microscopy revealed that MAL, besides its localization in compact myelin, is also localized to Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. Taken together, our results demonstrate the presence of detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched complexes (DIGs) in different compartments of myelin membranes and indicate an important role for DIG-mediated transport mechanisms in the maintenance of the adult myelin sheath.
[Histopathological findings of primary cutaneous lichenoid and macular amyloidosis]. (2009)

The amyloid protein may be derived from the apoptotic keratinocytes.
Brush Cytology for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (2009)

Brush cytology is as accurate as endoscopic biopsy for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and combining these two diagnostic modalities resulted in a significant improvement in the definitive diagnosis of cancer, which might reduce the need for further biopsy.
Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays (2015)

Abstract This unit describes six different ELISA systems for the detection of specific antibodies, soluble antigens, or cell‐surface antigens. In all six systems, soluble reactants are removed from solution after specifically binding to solid‐phase reactants. In the first four protocols, solid‐phase reactants are prepared by adsorbing an antigen or antibody onto plastic microtiter plates; in the next two protocols, the solid‐phase reactants are cell‐associated molecules. In all protocols, the solid‐phase reagents are incubated with secondary or tertiary reactants covalently coupled to an enzyme. Unbound conjugates are washed out and a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate is added. As the substrate is hydrolyzed by the bound enzyme conjugate, a colored or fluorescent product is generated. Finally, the product is detected visually or with a microtiter plate reader. The amount of product generated is proportional to the amount of analysate in the test mixture. One of the support protocols can be used to optimize the different ELISAs. A second support protocol presents a method for preparing alkaline phosphatase conjugates. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Key Role of the P2Y<sub>1</sub>Receptor in Tissue Factor–Induced Thrombin-Dependent Acute Thromboembolism (2001)

Background —ADP plays a key role in hemostasis, acting through 2 platelet receptors: the P2Y 1 receptor and an unidentified P2 receptor, called P2cyc, coupled to adenylyl cyclase inhibition, which is the target of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel. We showed that the P2Y 1 receptor is an essential cofactor in thrombotic states induced by intravenous infusion of collagen and epinephrine. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of this receptor in thrombin-dependent tissue factor–induced thromboembolism. Methods and Results —Human thromboplastin was injected intravenously into wild-type or P2Y 1 -deficient mice, and the effects on platelet count and mortality were determined and plasma thrombin–antithrombin III (TAT) complexes were quantified. P2Y 1 -deficient mice were resistant to the thromboembolism induced by injection of thromboplastin. Whereas the platelet count decreased sharply in wild-type mice, there was no significant drop in platelets in P2Y 1 -knockout mice. The platelet consumption in wild-type mice was probably due to thrombin generation, because it was abolished by hirudin. Thromboplastin also led to a rise in TAT complexes in plasma, again reflecting thrombin formation. This effect, however, was less important in P2Y 1 -knockout mice than in wild-type mice, indicating that less thrombin was generated in the absence of P2Y 1 . Similar results were obtained after intravenous administration of N 6 -methyl-2′-deoxyadenosine-3′:5′-bisphosphate, a selective antagonist of the P2Y 1 receptor, to wild-type mice. Conclusions —Our results demonstrate a role of the P2Y 1 receptor in thrombotic states involving thrombin generation and provide further evidence for the potential relevance of this receptor as a target for antithrombotic drugs.
A system for road sign detection, recognition and tracking based on multi-cues hybrid (2009)

This paper presents a road signs detection, recognition and tracking system based on multi-cues hybrid. In detection stage, the color and gradient cues are used to segment the interesting regions, and the corner and geometrical cues are used to detect the signs. A pseudo RGB-HSI conversion method without the need of nonlinear transformation is presented for color extraction. In recognition stage, a coarse classification is performed using the corresponding relationship of color and shape, then the support vector machines with binary tree architecture is built to recognize each category of road sign. Furthermore, we present a finite-state machine to decide whether a road sign is really recognized by fusion multi-frame recognition results or not. In order to reduce recognition errors, Lucas-Kanade feature tracker is introduced for road sign tracking. Experimental results in different conditions, including sunny, cloudy, and rainy weather demonstrates that most road signs can be correctly detected and recognized with a high accuracy and a frame rate of approximately 15 frames per second on a standard PC.
Transcriptome Analysis of a Phenol-Producing <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 Construct: Genetic and Physiological Basis for Improved Production (2007)

The unknown genetic basis for improved phenol production by a recombinant Pseudomonas putida S12 derivative bearing the tpl (tyrosine-phenol lyase) gene was investigated via comparative transcriptomics, nucleotide sequence analysis, and targeted gene disruption. We show upregulation of tyrosine biosynthetic genes and possibly decreased biosynthesis of tryptophan caused by a mutation in the trpE gene as the genetic basis for the enhanced phenol production. In addition, several genes in degradation routes connected to the tyrosine biosynthetic pathway were upregulated. This either may be a side effect that negatively affects phenol production or may point to intracellular accumulation of tyrosine or its intermediates. A number of genes identified by the transcriptome analysis were selected for targeted disruption in P. putida S12TPL3. Physiological and biochemical examination of P. putida S12TPL3 and these mutants led to the conclusion that the metabolic flux toward tyrosine in P. putida S12TPL3 was improved to such an extent that the heterologous tyrosine-phenol lyase enzyme had become the rate-limiting step in phenol biosynthesis.
An architecture for multi-dimensional temporal abstraction and its application to support neonatal intensive care (2007)

Temporal abstraction (TA) provides the means to instil domain knowledge into data analysis processes and allows transformation of low level numeric data to high level qualitative narratives. TA mechanisms have been primarily applied to uni-dimensional data sources equating to single patients in the clinical context. This paper presents a framework for multi-dimensional TA (MDTA) enabling analysis of data emanating from numerous patients to detect multiple conditions within the environment of neonatal intensive care. Patient agents which perform temporal reasoning upon patient data streams are based on the Event Calculus and an active ontology provides a central knowledge core where rules are stored and agent responses accumulated, thus permitting a level of multi-dimensionality within data abstraction processes. Facilitation of TA across a ward of patients offers the potential for early detection of debilitating conditions such as Sepsis, Pneumothorax and Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL), which have been shown to exhibit advance indicators in physiological data. Preliminary prototyping for patient agents has begun with promising results and a schema for the active rule repository outlined.
An experimental study on the effects of pressure and temperature on the rate of crystallization of synthesized albite glass based on electrical conductivity measurements. (1975)

The rate of crystallization of synthesized albite glass under pressures ranging up to 20 kb and temperatures ranging up to 850°C is investigated. A piston-cylinder device is used and the rate is estimated by measuring changes in electrical conductivity.The results are complied assuming the Avrami's equation for the fraction transformed, X: 1-X=exp(-Atn). It is shown that the value of n changes in the initial part of crystallization and also it is both pressure and temperature dependent.It is also shown that the rate of crystallization depends on both pressure and temperature and further the applications of both pressure and temperature have a profound effect on increasing the rate of crystallization.