gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Successful Peripheral Water Flood in a Thin Pennsylvanian Reservoir (1964)

Abstract The Northeast Jones area of Oklahoma was discovered in 1945. Production peaked in 1948 and the area was almost depleted by 1950. Primary recovery was an economic failure and the field was almost abandoned without a trial of secondary recovery. There were several reasons for the pessimism regarding water flooding, but the most predominant was the old "rule of thumb" that secondary recovery would be the same as primary recovery. The Northeast Jones Cleveland sand unit was formed in 1952, however, with the promotion of an outside group of operators. The water flood proved to be very successful and lucrative, recovering over twice as much waterflood oil as primary oil. Peripheral injection was employed which eliminated the need to drill new wells and, in retrospect, made the project much more successful than would have a pattern water flood. The geometry of the water flood, the uniformity of the formation, and the high oil saturation are believed to be the major contributing factors to the high waterflood recovery and efficiency. Only 3.1 bbl of effective water injection were required for each barrel of oil recovered. Introduction Often, in engineering a prospective water flood, it is found that neither the data nor the applicable calculation methods are completely adequate. To some extent, previous experience is applied in these cases and comparisons are made to known field case histories. When the fields are, in fact, comparable, the predictions are valid. However, many times comparisons or rules of thumb are not valid and the results can be very expensive. In the case of the Northeast Jones, some operators had condemned water flooding because of poor primary recovery, using the old "rule of thumb" that waterflood recovery would approximate primary recovery. The area came close to being abandoned without secondary recovery, but a unit was finally formed and water flooding was very successful. Undoubtedly, if present waterflooding experience had been available at the time of decision on the Northeast Jones, there would not have been much doubt regarding water flooding. The value of case histories, then, is in providing an ample range of experiences so that valid comparisons can be made by the engineer for the purpose of prediction. This paper presents an analysis of the history, planning and performance of the Northeast Jones water flood. Reservoir Development and Characteristics The Jones Field, shown in Fig. 1, is composed of the Northeast Jones and West Jones areas. Each of these areas was originally considered as a separate field but production performance showed that they should be considered as one. The two areas are in communication but are partially separated by a permeability pinch-out in Section 27.The Cleveland sand reservoir is a stratigraphic trap of Pennsylvanian marine deposition. The reservoir is 4,600 ft deep and its producing thickness varies from 4 to 9 ft, averaging 6.5 ft. JPT P. 1238ˆ
A wavelength tunable wavefront sensor for the human eye (2008)

We have designed and assembled an instrument for objective measurement of the eye's wave aberrations for different wavelengths with no modifications in the measurement path. The system consists of a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor and a Xe-white-light lamp in combination with a set of interference filters used to sequentially select the measurement wavelength. To show the capabilities of the system and its reliability for measuring at different wavelengths, the ocular aberrations were measured in three subjects at 440, 488, 532, 633 and 694 nm, basically covering the whole visible spectrum. Even for the shortest wavelengths, the illumination level was always several orders of magnitude below the safety limits. The longitudinal chromatic aberration estimates and the wavelength dependence of coma and spherical aberration, as examples of higher-order aberration terms, were compared to the predictions of a chromatic eye model, with good agreement. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a device to objectively determine the spectral fluctuations in the ocular wavefront.
Surface component of primate thymus-derived lymphocytes related to a heavy chain variable region. (1980)

In a study designed to determine whether T cells of man and higher primates express a surface component related to the variable region of immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH), chickens were immunized with the purified VH fragment of a monoclonal Waldenström macroglobulin. The antibody preparation reacted with a mu chain determinant contained in the Fd fragment and with individual determinants characteristic of the orginal Waldenström protein. As estimated by immunofluorescence analysis, a subpopulation of normal human peripheral T cells (approximately 30%) bound the anti-VH antibody. B-Cell lymphoma lines grown in vitro, as well as some T-cell leukemia lines of the cotton-topped marmoset (Sagiunus oedipus), also bound the anti-VH antibody. The VH-bearing component of the T-cell line 70-N-2 was labeled biosynthetically by incorporation of [3H]leucine and was precipitated specifically by anti-VH antibody. This component was characterized by an apparent mass of 70,000 daltons as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. These data provide direct support for the hypothesis that some T cells express and synthesize a component related to immunoglobulin heavy chains.
New face of an old enzyme: Alkaline phosphatase may contribute to human tissue aging by inducing tissue hardening and calcification (1998)

Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (AP) plays a well-known role in bone mineralization. This role was first suggested by a human AP deficiency disease, hypophosphatasia. Further studies with AP gene knockout mice have also suggested a role for AP in mineralization. However, AP is also expressed in other human tissues besides bone and cartilage, and this raises a question as to whether AP may also play a role in pathological mineralization such as dystrophic and vascular calcification. In vitro studies carried out in our laboratory indicate that a variety of cell types stably expressing membrane-bound AP can affect extracellular mineralization regardless of the tissue from which the cell lines originated (e.g. fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, or renal epithelial cells). This AP-mediated extracellular mineralization is both substrate/dependent and culture environment/dependent and may be consistent with a putative role for AP in pathological mineralization in tissues other than bone and cartilage. In this regard, it is interesting to note that high levels of AP are observed in vascular endothelia of small arterioles in brain and heart. It is probable that expression of AP in small arterioles of brain and heart may also contribute to the vascular hardening and calcification observed in humans. This in turn could be related to vascular aging, vascular disease, and the resultant weakening of and/or rupture of vessel walls.
Fabrication of flexible reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 hollow nanospheres based on-chip micro-supercapacitors for integrated photodetecting applications (2015)

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as important on-chip micropower sources have attracted considerable attention because of their unique and advantageous design for optimized maximum functionality within a minimized sized chip and excellent mechanical flexibility/stability in miniaturized portable electronic device applications. In this work, we report a novel, high-performance flexible integrated on-chip MSC based on hybrid nanostructures of reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 hollow nanospheres using a microelectronic photo-lithography technology combined with plasma etching technique. The unique structural design for on-chip MSCs enables high-performance enhancements compared with graphene-only devices, exhibiting high specific capacitances of 11.57 F·cm-3 at a scan rate of 200 mV·s-1 and excellent rate capability and robust cycling stability with capacitance retention of 92.08% after 32,000 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the on-chip MSCs exhibit superior flexibility and outstanding stability even after repetition of charge/discharge cycles under different bending states. As-fabricated highly flexible on-chip MSCs can be easily integrated with CdS nanowire-based photodetectors to form a highly compacted photodetecting system, exhibiting comparable performance to devices driven by conventional external energy storage units.
Optimization of moth‐eye antireflection schemes for silicon solar cells (2010)

Abstract Nanostructured moth‐eye antireflection schemes for silicon solar cells are simulated using rigorous coupled wave analysis and compared to traditional thin film coatings. The design of the moth‐eye arrays is optimized for application to a laboratory cell (air–silicon interface) and an encapsulated cell (EVA‐silicon interface), and the optimization accounts for the solar spectrum incident on the silicon interface in both cells, and the spectral response of both types of cell. The optimized moth‐eye designs are predicted to outperform an optimized double layer thin film coating by approximately 2% for the laboratory cell and approximately 3% for the encapsulated cell. The predicted performance of the silicon moth‐eye under encapsulation is particularly remarkable as it exhibits losses of only 0·6% compared to an ideal AR surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinese Chunking with Another Type of Spec (2004)

Spec is a critical issue for automatic chunking. This paper proposes a solution of Chinese chunking with another type of spec, which is not derived from a complete syntactic tree but only based on the un-bracketed, POS tagged corpus. With this spec, a chunked data is built and HMM is used to build the chunker. TBLbased error correction is used to further improve chunking performance. The average chunk length is about 1.38 tokens, F measure of chunking achieves 91.13%, labeling accuracy alone achieves 99.80% and the ratio of crossing brackets is 2.87%. We also find that the hardest point of Chinese chunking is to identify the chunking boundary inside noun-noun sequences1.
Influence of crystallizable units on the properties of aliphatic thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s synthesized through a non-isocyanate route (2017)

A simple non-isocyanate route synthesizing crystallizable aliphatic segmented thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)s (PEIUs) and elastomers with high melting temperature ( T m ) and good mechanical properties is described. Three poly(ethylene hexanediurethane) prepolymers (PrePEHDUs) were prepared through the self-transurethane polycondensation of bis(hydroxyethyl) hexanediurethane. Melt polycondensation of PrePEHDUs, poly(ethylene glycol)1500, and bis(hydroxyethyl) isophoronediurethane was conducted at 170°C under a reduced pressure of 399 Pa, and a series of segmented PEIUs containing irregular units were synthesized. The PEIUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1 proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13 carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (C-NMR), 2D 13 C– 1 H heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)-135 13 C-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and tensile tests. The PEIUs exhibited a number-average molecular weight up to 20700 g/mol, T m up to 141.1°C, initial decomposition temperature at over 243.1°C, and tensile strength up to 49.44 MPa. By tuning the length and amount of crystallizable segments, crystallizable PEIU thermoplastic elastomers were prepared. They exhibited tensile strength up to 20.85 MPa, elongation at break above 125.43%, and resilience above 65.69%.
Online financing service for Chinese medicines transactions (2016)

Modern biotechnology is one of the most promising high-tech fields currently, and the related pharmaceutical medicine industry has developed rapidly. However, the capital investment of China's pharmaceutical business is still far behind compared with the developed countries. The capital gap of pharmaceutical companies is large. Online financing is a new way of financing that has advantages of low financing costs, abundant channels, diversity of modes, and high-growth. In this study, we present a full self-service and intelligent online financing system, which provides highly automated online trading market financing support, and real-time information sharing of transaction data from banks, markets, and regulatory agencies. The aim is to provide credit support of high-quality real-time online lending for small and medium-sized Chinese medicine enterprises, further to settle the financing problems of high threshold, long cycle and cumbersome procedures.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR WATER DECONTAMINATION (1951)

This application describes a process for decontaminating water which is contaminated with nuclear fission products or other radioisotopes by bringing the contaminated water into contact with steel wool, clay, activated carbon, an anion exchange resin and a cation exchange resin.
Differential expression of H-2K and H-2D in the central nervous system of mice infected with Theiler's virus. (1993)

A model of demyelination induced by Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) was used to study differential regulation of class I MHC gene products in the brain and spinal cord of resistant (B10) and susceptible (B10.Q and B10.RBQ) mice. Allelic polymorphisms in the H-2D region, but not the H-2K region, play a primary role in determining susceptibility to late demyelinating disease. However, even though significant structural diversity distinguishes class I alleles, there are no discernible K or D-specific patterns of structural diversity within the peptide binding domains of these glycoproteins. Our hypothesis was that D region association of susceptibility to demyelination was related to differences in the expression of the K and D Ag in the central nervous system (CNS) after TMEV infection. Using allele-specific mAb and an immunoperoxidase technique, we demonstrated transient but equivalent increases in K and D Ag expression in the brain and spinal cord of resistant mice beginning 7 days after TMEV infection, which returned to baseline by 90 days. However, when genetically susceptible animals were examined, a significantly greater increase in D expression relative to K expression was seen in the brain and spinal cord at all post-infection observation periods. Immunosuppression of genetically resistant animals before TMEV infection, which results in viral persistence, was accompanied by equivalent increases in both the K and D Ag. Depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, in susceptible mice ablated class I expression in the CNS in response to TMEV infection, implying that CD8+ cells contribute to the differential regulation of K and D Ag in the CNS. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in gene regulation may account for different roles of the K and D loci play in determining resistance and susceptibility to TMEV-induced demyelinating disease.
The Effect of Surface Nanometre-Scale Morphology on Protein Adsorption (2010)

These results show that the adsorption of proteins depends significantly on surface nanostructure and that the relevant morphological parameter regulating the protein adsorption process is the nanometric pore shape. These new findings improve our understanding of the role of nanostructures as a biomaterial design parameter and they have important implications for the general understanding of cell behavior on nanostructured surfaces.
InSense: Interest-Based Life Logging (2006)

Our wearable data collection system lets users collect their experiences into a continually growing and adapting multimedia diary. The system--called inSense--uses the patterns in sensor readings from a camera, microphone, and accelerometers to classify the user's activities and automatically collect multimedia clips when the user is in an "interesting" situation.
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORα Restrains Adipocyte Differentiation through a Reduction of C/EBPβ Activity and Perilipin Gene Expression (2009)

The nuclear receptor-type transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORalpha) is a multifunctional molecule involved in tissue development and cellular function, such as inflammation, metabolism, and differentiation; however, the role of RORalpha during adipocyte differentiation has not yet been fully understood. Here we show that RORalpha inhibits the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) without affecting its expression, thereby blocking the induction of both PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha, resulting in the suppression of C/EBPbeta-dependent adipogenesis. RORalpha interacted with C/EBPbeta so as to repress both the C/EBPbeta-p300 association and the C/EBPbeta-dependent recruitment of p300 to chromatin. In addition to the inhibitory effect on C/EBPbeta function, RORalpha also prevents the expression of the lipid droplet coating protein gene perilipin by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), acting through the specific mechanism of its promoter. We identified a suppressive ROR-responsive element overlapping the PPAR-responsive element in the perilipin promoter and verified that RORalpha competitively antagonizes the binding of PPARgamma. RORalpha inhibits PPARgamma-dependent adipogenesis along with the repression of perilipin induction. These findings suggest that RORalpha is a novel negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation that acts through dual mechanisms.
Predictive 3-D Modeling of Parasitic Gate Capacitance in Gate-all-Around Cylindrical Silicon Nanowire MOSFETs (2011)

In this paper, an analytical model for parasitic gate capacitances in gate-all-around cylindrical silicon nanowire MOSFETs (SNWTs) is developed for the first time. A practical 3-D architecture of SNWTs with surrounding-gate cylindrical channel and source/drain extension regions is taken into account in the parasitic gate capacitance modeling. The parasitic gate capacitances of the SNWT are divided into four parts: 1) outer fringe capacitance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of</sub> ; 2) inner fringe capacitance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">if</sub> ; 3) overlap capacitance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ov</sub> ; and 4) sidewall capacitance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">side</sub> . The 3-D capacitance system is calculated by useful methods such as the equivalent transformation and inversion of Schwarz-Christoffel mapping. The obtained model agrees well with the results of 3-D electrostatic numerical simulations. The results show that the proportion of parasitic gate capacitances in the total capacitance is increased in this gate-all-around architecture due to the ultrasmall dimension of the SNWT channel; thus, the proportion of the intrinsic capacitance is reduced. Among the capacitances, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of</sub> is found to be the largest contributor to the total parasitic gate capacitance in FO1 delay calculation, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">side</sub> manifests itself as a nonnegligible parasitic capacitance. The developed capacitance model can be easily incorporated into a compact core model of SNWTs for further device/circuit design optimizations with various device parameters.
Amantadine and ribavirin aerosol treatment of influenza A and B infection in mice (1980)

Ribavirin, amantadine, and the two drugs in combination given in small-particle aerosol were highly effective in the treatment of influenza A infection in mice. Treatment was started 72, 96, and 120 h after inoculation and was given continuously for 4 days. With increasing delay in start of treatment, there was a pronounced reduction in effectiveness of ribavirin but not in that of amantadine. The combination treatment reflected the loss of ribavirin activity. Leukocyte infiltration and virus titers in the lungs were inversely related to the effectiveness of treatment. Influenza B infection treated 72 h after inoculation responded only to ribavirin, as indicated by the criteria described for influenza A. Intraperitoneal administration of drug begun 72 h after inoculation in regimens equivalent to aerosol afforded less protection than aerosol treatment.
VR as a forcing function: Software implications of a new paradigm (1993)

Immersive virtual reality systems provide a qualitatively different perceptual experience than do conventional desktop systems and impose greater demands on support hardware and software. The authors address three software issues for VR applications: interaction models, object oriented systems, and application development frameworks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Microscopic Study of Fibre-Fibre Contacts in Paper (2003)

Confocal microscopy is used to acquire images of paper cross-sections in which some longitudinally sectioned fibres are chosen as fibres of interest. The properties of fibre-fibre contacts including the number of fibre-fibre contacts per unit length of fibre, the nature of the contacts, the free fibre lengths and the out-of-plane deflection angles of the free fibre segments with respect to those fibres of interest are determined directly in these images. It is found that both the shape of fibre cross-section and the length of fibre have no significant effects on the properties of fibre-fibre contacts. The measured distributions of free fibre lengths cannot be fitted to the negative exponential distribution proposed by Kallmes and Bernier. However a two-parameter Weibull probability density function seems to provide an acceptable fit to the measured distributions. It is demonstrated that model structures of fibre-fibre contacts can be reconstructed using the measured data.
<title>High-temperature superconducting Josephson mixers from deliberate grain boundaries in Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8</title> (1991)

Deliberate grain boundaries have been fabricated in epitaxial films of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 by growing the films on substrates with localized surface damage and on substrates with surface steps produced with an anisotropic etching process. Bowtie antennas were fabricated to couple millimeter wave radiation into the weak link junctions, which were used as the nonlinear elements. Heterodyne mixing of signals at 55 GHz and 94 GHz was observed in the integrated antenna/detector structures at temperatures below 101 K in the Tl-based films. In addition, observations were made at 55 GHz, using these structures as subharmonic mixers. We have designed an integrated microwave package to measure the noise and conversion efficiency of the grain-boundary junctions at frequencies between 9 GHz and 20 GHz.
A New Focal Pattern Stimulator under Direct Observation of Ocular Fundus (1993)

A new focal pattern stimulator was developed. Since this system enables direct observation of ocular fundus during examination, it may be useful for the objective assessment of visual function in patients with various kinds of eye diseases.