gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergism in Sodium Oleate/Ethoxylated Nonylphenol Mixtures (2005)

The adsorption of sodium oleate and various ethoxylated nonylphenol surfactants and their mixtures at air/liquid interface was investigated by equilibrium and dynamic surface tension experiments. Synergism was determined by observing the lowering of surface tension of water by single surfactants and their mixtures. The results showed that the addition of nonionic surfactant reduced both the equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of sodium oleate solutions. The effect of molecular weight, HLB, and degree of ethoxylation of the surfactant was studied. Interaction between anionic and nonionic surfactant mixtures was calculated by using an interaction parameter. The interaction parameter between oleate and NP‐4 (a nonionic surfactant) was calculated to be −0.21, showing attraction between the two surfactant molecules.
Almond (<i>Prunus dulcis</i> (Mill.) D.A. Webb) Skins as a Potential Source of Bioactive Polyphenols (2007)

An exhaustive study of the phenolic composition of almond ( Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) skins was carried out in order to evaluate their potential application as a functional food ingredient. Using the HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS technique, a total of 33 compounds corresponding to flavanols, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and flavanones, and other nonflavonoid compounds were identified. Peaks corresponding to another 23 structure-related compounds were also detected. MALDI-TOF MS was applied to characterize almond skin proanthocyanidins, revealing the existence of a series of A- and B-type procyanidins and propelargonidins up to heptamers, and A- and B-type prodelphinidins up to hexamers. Flavanols and flavonol glycosides were the most abundant phenolic compounds in almond skins, representing up to 38-57% and 14-35% of the total quantified phenolics, respectively. Due to their antioxidant properties, measured as oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) at 0.398-0.500 mmol Trolox/g, almond skins can be considered as a value-added byproduct for elaborating dietary antioxidant ingredients.
Oxidation of pyridine nucleotides during Fas- and ceramide-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells: correlation with changes in mitochondria, glutathione depletion, intracellular acidification and caspase 3 activation (2001)

Jurkat T cells showed a major, early decrease in blue autofluorescence in response to Fas/Apo-1/CD95 cross-linking or stimulation with cell-permeant ceramide. This indicates the oxidation/depletion of NADH or NADPH before the onset of apoptosis. Kinetic studies, cytofluorimetric multiparameter analyses and cell sorting experiments indicated a close temporal relationship between NAD(P)H oxidation/depletion and the dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). In contrast, NAD(P)H depletion was detected well before several other changes associated with late apoptosis, including enhanced superoxide generation, phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, loss of cytosolic K(+), decreased cytoplasmic pH, nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, loss of viability and the appearance of the mitochondrial antigen APO2.7. Full activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 appeared to be correlated with the appearance of superoxide anions in the mitochondria, and followed the drop in NADPH. Overexpression of the apoptosis-inhibitory proto-oncogene Bcl-2, which encodes an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore, delayed both the DeltaPsi(m) disruption and the depletion of NAD(P)H. Similar effects were observed with the pharmacological PT pore inhibitors, bongkrekic acid and cyclosporin A. Thus there appears to be a close functional relationship between mitochondrial and cellular redox changes during early apoptosis; events that are inhibited by Bcl-2.
Isolation and Identification of Arsenic-Transforming Bacteria from Arsenic Contaminated Sites in Bulgaria (2008)

Five environmental sites in Bulgaria were sampled for bacterial isolates that could transform different arsenic forms. In total, 108 bacterial strains that could grow in the presence of high concentrations of arsenic species were isolated. Only 27 from all strains show the transforming abilities. These isolates were enriched from the sediment samples, the performed classical taxonomy and analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed them to belong to β- and γ-Proteobacteria and in particular in genera Pseudomonas, Azoarcus and Alcaligenes.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of amylopectin‐<i>graft</i>‐poly(AM‐<i>co</i>‐AMPS) (2012)

Abstract A series of graft copolymers poly(acrylamide‐ co ‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) [Ap‐ g ‐p(AM‐ co ‐AMPS)] have been synthesized by graft copolymerization of amylopectin (Ap) with acrylamide (AM) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). The copolymerization has been carried out by solution polymerization technique and using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. The characterization of graft copolymer has been carried out by elemental analysis fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of reaction conditions on graft copolymerization and the use of the copolymer as flocculating agent in kaolin suspension have been investigated. Experiments have shown that graft copolymer with higher grafting level, higher intrinsic viscosity, and higher anionic degree can be obtained by changing the method of addition of monomers and by controlling the ratio of AMPS and AM. The flocculation performances have been investigated through jar test method, and it has been observed that the graft copolymer with molar ratio of 2 : 1 of AM and AMPS shows best performance in flocculating kaolin suspension. Metal ion sorption study with Cu 2+ has shown that the graft copolymer absorbs Cu 2+ efficiently. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Cutaneous electrical stimulation may enhance sensorimotor recovery in chronic stroke (2002)

Cutaneous stimulation had positive effects in the motor performance, limb sensation and the configuration of SEP of the paretic limb in chronic stroke patients.
Nature of Cigaret Smoke: Technic of Experimental Smoking (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of Cigaret Smoke: Technic of Experimental SmokingJ. A. Bradford, W. R. Harlan, and H. R. HanmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936, 28, 7, 836–839Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50319a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50319a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Design and Control of a Bio-inspired Human-friendly Robot (2009)

The increasing demand for physical interaction between humans and robots has led to an interest in robots that guarantee safe behavior when human contact occurs. However, attaining established levels of performance while ensuring safety creates formidable challenges in mechanical design, actuation, sensing and control. To promote safety without compromising performance, a human-friendly robotic arm has been developed using the concept of hybrid actuation. The new design employs high-power, low-impedance pneumatic artificial muscles augmented with small electrical actuators, distributed compact pressure regulators with proportional valves, and hollow plastic links. The experimental results show that significant performance improvement can be achieved with hybrid actuation over a system with pneumatic muscles alone. In this paper we evaluate the safety of the new robot arm through experiments and simulation, demonstrating that its inertia/power characteristics surpass those of previous human-friendly robots we have developed.
IL-2 Responsiveness of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes: further investigations with human IL-2Rβ transgenic mice (2005)

Responsiveness to IL-2 varies from one lympho-mononuclear subset to another. NK lymphocytes and monocytes spontaneously respond to IL-2 whereas it is generally accepted that T and B lymphocytes need to be activated to fully acquire this competence. To further investigate this phenomenon, we studied human IL-2Rbeta (hIL-2Rbeta) transgenic mice constitutively expressing heterospecific, intermediate-affinity IL-2R (hIL-2Rbeta/mouse IL-2Rgamma(c)). We noted that the B lymphocytes and monocytes from spleens of these hIL-2Rbeta transgenic animals failed to grow when cultured in IL-2-containing medium. Under the same experimental conditions, CD4 lymphocytes survived, again without growth, whereas CD8 lymphocytes and NK cells were able to proliferate and develop potent LAK cytotoxicity. The properties of these CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were then compared after purification. Both subsets expressed functional IL-2R able to induce global protein phosphorylation and, more precisely, signal transducer and activation of transcription 5 and Erk phosphorylation. Therefore, the differential growth potential of these CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes cannot be explained by the lack of IL-2R-dependent early signaling events. When the entrance of purified CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes into the cell cycle was analyzed, we found that the CD4 lymphocytes were unable to enter the G1 phase in the absence of anti-CD3 stimulation. This correlates with the effect of IL-2 on cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1). In CD4 lymphocytes, IL-2 does not affect p27(kip1) expression. But in CD8 lymphocytes, IL-2 down-modulates p27(kip1). These results indicate that, aside from IL-2R expression and function, IL-2 responsiveness is also controlled by lineage-specific mechanisms.
Inhibition of Neutral Endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11) Leads to An Atrial Natriuretic Factor-Mediated Natriuretic, Diuretic and Antihypertensive Response in Rodents (1991)

1. Atrial natriuretic factor is metabolized by neutral endopeptidase (atriopeptidase; EC 3.4.24.11) in vitro. Inhibitors of this enzyme have been reported to prolong the half-life of atrial natriuretic factor in vivo and to potentiate the renal and haemodynamic effects of exogenous atrial natriuretic factor. 2. (+/-)-Candoxatrilat, a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, potentiated the natriuretic and diuretic response to volume loading in anaesthetized rats. Part of the response to volume loading and the potentiation by (+/-)-candoxatrilat was prevented by a polyclonal atrial natriuretic factor antiserum. The diuretic and natriuretic responses evoked by hydrochlorothiazide were not altered by the antiserum. 3. (+/-)-Candoxatrilat reduced systolic blood pressure of one-kidney deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats for over 5 h. This response was abolished by pretreatment with atrial natriuretic factor antiserum. 4. These data demonstrate that the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (+/-)-candoxatrilat has natriuretic/diuretic and antihypertensive effects in rodents, and that these effects are mediated via endogenous atrial natriuretic factor.
Complementary DMOS process for LSI (1976)

This paper describes a new complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit technology that utilizes a symmetrical double-diffused n-channel transistor. The features of the technology are the use of five masks, a self-aligned p-well diffusion and short channel n-MOS transistors. This results in a fifty percent reduction in p-well area as compared to conventional CMOS devices and lowers processing costs. Integrated circuits, fabricated using boron implantation for the p-well dose and p/SUP +/ diffusion, and arsenic implantation for the n/SUP +/ diffusion, exhibit a p-channel threshold of -1.8 V and an n-channel threshold of 1.2 V. The n-channel threshold is controlled by an initial boron implant of 3/spl times/10/SUP 14/ cm/SUP -2/ and subsequent double-diffusion steps. An invertor chain of seven cells bas been operated with a supply of 3-11 V. In operation, the delay per stage was 13 ns at 5 V and 5 ns at 10 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Production of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural and Furfuryl Alcohol. (1990)

Abstract Synthesis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (II) via catalytic hydrogenation of furfural (I) or furfuryl alcohol (III), available also from vegetable resources, is investigated.
A peta-scalable CPU-GPU algorithm for global atmospheric simulations (2013)

Developing highly scalable algorithms for global atmospheric modeling is becoming increasingly important as scientists inquire to understand behaviors of the global atmosphere at extreme scales. Nowadays, heterogeneous architecture based on both processors and accelerators is becoming an important solution for large-scale computing. However, large-scale simulation of the global atmosphere brings a severe challenge to the development of highly scalable algorithms that fit well into state-of-the-art heterogeneous systems. Although successes have been made on GPU-accelerated computing in some top-level applications, studies on fully exploiting heterogeneous architectures in global atmospheric modeling are still very less to be seen, due in large part to both the computational difficulties of the mathematical models and the requirement of high accuracy for long term simulations.
Glutathione Provides a Source of Cysteine Essential for Intracellular Multiplication of Francisella tularensis (2009)

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious bacterium causing the zoonotic disease tularemia. Its ability to multiply and survive in macrophages is critical for its virulence. By screening a bank of HimarFT transposon mutants of the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) to isolate intracellular growth-deficient mutants, we selected one mutant in a gene encoding a putative gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). This gene (FTL_0766) was hence designated ggt. The mutant strain showed impaired intracellular multiplication and was strongly attenuated for virulence in mice. Here we present evidence that the GGT activity of F. tularensis allows utilization of glutathione (GSH, gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) and gamma-glutamyl-cysteine dipeptide as cysteine sources to ensure intracellular growth. This is the first demonstration of the essential role of a nutrient acquisition system in the intracellular multiplication of F. tularensis. GSH is the most abundant source of cysteine in the host cytosol. Thus, the capacity this intracellular bacterial pathogen has evolved to utilize the available GSH, as a source of cysteine in the host cytosol, constitutes a paradigm of bacteria-host adaptation.
Effective lossless compression for medical image sequences using composite algorithm (2013)

Medical image compression is unavoidable due to large amount of storage space or high bandwidth for communication in its original form. In hospitals sequence of images are produced which are much correlated. Hence lossless image compression technique is required. To exploit the correlation a new algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed compression method combines Super-Spatial Structure Prediction with interframe coding to achieve higher compression ratio. Initially the Super-Spatial Structure Prediction algorithm is applied with the fast block-matching process which includes Diamond Search method. To further increase the compression ratio we propose a new scheme Head Code Compression. Experimental results of our proposed Composite algorithm for medical image sequences achieve 25% more reduction than the prior arts.
Protease nexin-1 and thrombin modulate neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and sensitivity to glucose deprivation-induced injury (1995)

Protease nexin-I (PN-1) is a 44 kDa serine proteinase inhibitor that rapidly inhibits thrombin by forming SDS stable complexes with serine at the catalytic site of the protease. Levels of both PN-1 and thrombin are increased in the brain in response to insults such as ischemia, suggesting roles in neural injury and repair processes. We now report that PN-1-protected cultured rat hippocampal neurons against glucose deprivation- induced damage (GDID), and the protection was abolished by equimolar thrombin. PN-1 reduced resting intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) and attenuated the elevation of [Ca2+]i normally associated with GDID. Thrombin reduced neuronal survival and caused a significant increase in [Ca2+]i. Submaximally toxic levels of thrombin exacerbated GDID. Calcium responses to thrombin were attenuated in neurons contacting PN-1 immunoreactive astrocytes. These findings suggest that PN-1 and thrombin play important roles in modulating neuronal calcium responses, and vulnerability, to metabolic/excitotoxic insults.
Neuroprotective Effects of Female Gonadal Steroids in Reproductively Senescent Female Rats (2000)

Background and Purpose —Young adult female rats sustain smaller infarcts after experimental stroke than age-matched males. This sex difference in ischemic brain injury in young animals disappears after surgical ovariectomy and can be restored by estrogen replacement. We sought to determine whether ischemic brain injury continues to be smaller in middle-aged, reproductively senescent female rats compared with age-matched males and to test the effect of ovarian steroids on brain injury after experimental stroke in females. Methods —Four groups of 16-month old Wistar rats (males [n=9], untreated females [n=9], and females pretreated with 17β-estradiol [25-μg pellets administered subcutaneously for 7 days; n=9] or progesterone [10-mg pellets administered subcutaneously for 7 days; n=9] were subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion with the intraluminal filament technique, followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. Physiological variables and laser-Doppler cerebral cortical perfusion were monitored throughout ischemia and early reperfusion. In a separate cohort of males (n=3), untreated females (n=3), females pretreated with 17β-estradiol (n=3), and females pretreated with progesterone (n=3), end-ischemic regional cerebral blood flow was measured by [ 14 C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography. Results —As predicted, infarct size was not different between middle-aged male and female rats. Cortical infarcts were 21±5% and 31±6% of ipsilateral cerebral cortex, and striatal infarcts were 44±7% and 43±5% of ipsilateral striatum in males and females, respectively. Both estrogen and progesterone reduced cortical infarct in reproductively senescent females (5±2% and 16±4% in estrogen- and progesterone-treated groups, respectively, compared with 31±6% in untreated group). Striatal infarct was smaller in the estrogen- but not in the progesterone-treated group. Relative change in laser-Doppler cerebral cortical perfusion from preischemic baseline and absolute end-ischemic regional cerebral blood flow were not affected by hormonal treatments. Conclusions —We conclude that the protection against ischemic brain injury found in young adult female rats disappears after reproductive senescence in middle-aged females and that ovarian hormones alleviate stroke injury in reproductively senescent female rats by a blood flow–independent mechanism. These findings support a role for hormone replacement therapy in stroke injury prevention in postmenopausal women.
Über monomeren Aluminiumwasserstoff AIH<sub>3</sub> (1953)

Abstract Die durch Umsetzung ätherischer Lösungen von Aluminiumchlorid und Lithiumalanat gemäß AlCl 3 + 3 LiAlH 4 → 4 AlH 3 + 3 LiCl gewinnbaren ätherischen Aluminiumwasserstoff‐Lösungen enthalten nach der Molekulargewichtsbestimmung monomeren Aluminiumwasserstoff AlH 3 , wahrscheinlich als Ätherat AlH 3 · n OR 2 . Die normalerweise bald nach der Darstellung einsetzende Polymerisation dieses ätherlöslichen monomeren Aluminiumwasserstoffs AlH 3 zu ätherunlöslichem, festem, polymerem Aluminiumwasserstoff (AlH 3 ) x läßt sich durch Zugabe von Trimethylamin verhindern, welches zur Bildung beständiger, ätherlöslicher Aminate der Zusammensetzung und Molekulargröße AlH 3 · NR 3 (Smp. 76°) und AlH 3 · 2NR 3 (Smp. 95°) Veranlassung gibt.
The formation of fenestrations and channels by capillary endothelium in vitro. (1985)

Microvascular endothelial cells isolated from fenestrated capillaries have been shown to form tubes in vitro, thereby demonstrating that they retain the ability to express some degree of their in vivo differentiated phenotype. However, some of their physiologically important structural features, such as transendothelial openings (i. e., diaphragmed fenestrations and transendothelial channels) are lost or are greatly reduced in number. In this study, cloned bovine adrenal cortex endothelial cells were cultured on plastic or on a basal lamina produced by Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells for up to 17 days postconfluence. All cultures were then routinely fixed and processed for electron microscopic morphometry. For cells grown on plastic for 17 days postconfluence, the linear density of transendothelial openings in endothelial profiles less than 400 nm thick was found to be 0.007 openings per micron. On MDCK matrix, however, the linear density of transendothelial openings in endothelial profiles less than 400 nm thick was found to be 0.157 per micron. Occasionally some cells formed "tube-like" structures that also contained diaphragmed fenestrations and transendothelial channels on both sides of the tubes. These findings suggest that the substrate on which endothelial cells are grown can affect their differentiation.
The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation (2018)

Mesh networks enable a many-to-many relation between nodes, which means that each node in the network can communicate with every other node using multi-hop communication and path diversity. As it enables the fast roll-out of sensor and actuator networks, it is an important aspect within the Internet of Things (IoT). Utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an underlying technology to implement such mesh networks has gained a lot of interest in recent years. The result was a variety of BLE meshing solutions that were not interoperable because of the lack of a common standard. This has changed recently with the advent of the Bluetooth Mesh standard. However, a detailed overview of how this standard operates, performs and how it tackles other issues concerning BLE mesh networking is missing. Therefore, this paper investigates this new technology thoroughly and evaluates its performance by means of three approaches, namely an experimental evaluation, a statistical approach and a graph-based simulation model, which can be used as the basis for future research. Apart from showing that consistent results are achieved by means of all three approaches, we also identify possible drawbacks and open issues that need to be dealt with.