gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation choices for LPI/LPD communication systems (1994)

Summary form only. The need for low probability of intercept/low probability of detection (LPI/LPD) systems has been recognized by the military and civilian agencies. Industry's first attempts at developing such systems were based upon the use of traditional spread spectrum techniques such as frequency hopping and pseudonoise spreading with a lowered transmitted power. Subsequent research and testing has shown that lowering the power on traditional spread spectrum systems does not make them LPI. Research at the Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT&E Division Detachment Warminster, PA (NRaD Detachment Warminster) has centered on the development of waveforms that are not detectable using either energy detectors or feature detectors. NRaD has sponsored corporate research and development, as well as performed in house research and development of communication waveforms that are intended to defeat various types of feature detectors. This paper addresses potential threats to communication signals and then discusses the results of various programs to develop waveforms that defeat some of these threats. The detection of LPI/LPD signals will most likely be performed with special advanced detectors, and not simple radio systems. These advanced detectors mostly fall into a category known as feature detectors. As the name implies, feature detectors target certain highly detectable features of the LPI waveform such as the carrier, chip rate, hop rate, etc. Concerns for airborne LPI are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alumina-coated silicon-based nanowire arrays for high quality Li-ion battery anodes (2012)

Amongst other requirements, a good anode for Li-ion battery applications must exhibit dimensional stability upon Li insertion, as well as chemical inertness with respect to the electrolyte. This latter characteristic is usually provided by the so-called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a passivating film that is formed at the end of the first lithiation step, originating from the partial reduction of the electrolyte and Li salt. However, silicon, which exhibits the highest known capacity for Li alloying, possesses none of the above attributes when used as an anode material. Actually, the large volume expansion of Si upon alloying with Li induces a mechanical instability of the SEI film, which therefore fails to provide its protective role. In this paper, we have studied the effect of thin alumina deposits on top of Si-based nanowires. A thin alumina deposit will act as a substitute for the SEI, preventing electrolyte decomposition. We observe that even if alumina films crack during lithiation–delithiation steps of the Si-based nanowires, they still provide some kind of protection, prolonging the lifetime of the anode. Using Al2O3-coated Si-based nanowires, we have been able to obtain a lifetime of 1280 cycles when the capacity of the anode was limited to 1200 mA h g−1. We also show that uncoated Si nanowires degrade more rapidly when cycled under identical conditions.
Inverted recruitment of autophagy proteins to the Plasmodium berghei parasitophorous vacuole membrane (2017)

Selective autophagy and related mechanisms can act as variable defense mechanisms against pathogens and can therefore be considered as intracellular immune responses. When in hepatocytes, Plasmodium parasites reside in a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and the PV membrane (PVM) is the main contact site between host cell and parasite. Early in infection, the PVM is directly labeled with host cell autophagy proteins LC3B and p62 (nucleoporin 62). We investigated the recruitment of different selective autophagy receptors and could show that mainly p62 and NBR1 (neighbour of BRCA1 gene 1) and to a lesser extent NDP52 (nuclear dot protein 52) associate with the PVM. To investigate the recruitment of these receptors to the PVM in Plasmodium-infected cells, we generated LC3B knock out HeLa cells. In these cell lines, autophagosome formation and autophagic flux are not different to those in WT cells. Unexpectedly, p62 and NBR1 recruitment to the PVM was strongly impaired in LC3B-negative host cells, suggesting that LC3B recruits both receptors to the PVM of Plasmodium parasites. We also noticed that LC3B recruited ubiquitin to the PVM. This indicates that, in comparison to classical selective autophagy, in P. berghei-infected cells the order of membrane labeling with autophagy proteins appears to be inverted from canonical ubiquitin-receptor-LC3B recruitment to LC3B-receptor and possibly ubiquitin.
Calculation of MTTF values with Markov models for safety instrumented systems (2007)

This paper deals with the calculation of MTTF values with the help of Markov models. It shows what Markov models are and how they can be utilised to achieve valid and important information for safety instrumented systems. In few examples the different calculations steps are presented, detailed and examined.
Early events of metastasis in the microcirculation involve changes in gene expression of cancer cells. Tracking mRNA levels of metastasizing cancer cells in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. (1997)

The early events of metastasis involve multiple interactions between cancer cells and the host microcirculation during cancer cell arrest, adhesion, and extravasation. These interactions may lead to changes in gene expression of the metastasizing cancer cells, although such changes have never been demonstrated directly. To test this hypothesis, B16-F10 murine melanoma cells were injected intravenously into the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and mRNA levels in the metastasizing cancer cells were evaluated by species-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Unlike standard mouse models of experimental metastasis, the CAM model showed successful extravasation of a large number of the arrested cancer cells in the CAM microcirculation without significant cancer cell death, providing a unique opportunity to keep track of mRNA levels in cancer cells during the early phases of metastasis. Using this model, we were able to demonstrate directly the temporal induction of cancer cell genes that potentially affect metastatic efficiency, namely, Fos (5 to 60 minutes after injection), vascular permeability factor (4 to 7 hours), and urokinase plasminogen activator (> 9 hours). In conclusion, using the CAM system, we have observed an alteration of gene expression in cancer cells in the early phases of metastasis, most likely as a consequence of host-cancer cell interactions. These changes may influence the metastatic behavior of cancer cells.
Chemical Constituents of<i>Isatis indigotica</i> (1997)

From the roots of Isatis indigotica, ten compounds (1-10) were isolated. Compound 1 is a new alkaloid whose structure was elucidated as (E)-3-(3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-indolinone. Compounds 2-4 were discovered for the first time from a natural source and compounds 5-7 were originally isolated from this species. In a preliminary study, compounds 4-8 showed antiendotoxic activities in vitro.
考量整備時間之彈性零工型製造系統排程問題硏究 (2000)

摘要 在彈性零工型製造系統中由於加工機器多能化的特性，製程規劃已非唯一，而系統中瓶頸作業亦能透過替代性機器或多途程規劃獲得解決。因此所考慮的問題已不再只是作業加工順序之安排，亦需著眼於機器的選擇。如此一來，在考量因素及限制條件上，遠較一般零工型工廠更加困難及複雜，也使此領域的研究更具挑戰性。過去在排程問題之探討上基於問題簡化的考量，常將生產之整備時間予以忽略或倂入作業之加工時間而造成排程結果之不正確，因此本研究針對考量最小化平均工作延遲之彈性零工型製造系統作業排程問題，首先以0–1整數規劃法，提出考慮作業內部整備時間，並能同時決定製造途程及作業排序之數理規劃模式；隨後，當排程問題之規模逐漸變大時由於數學規劃之排程模式並無法在一合理之時間內求得一令人滿意之排程，故本研究亦以禁忌捜尋法爲基礎建立一兩階段啓發式求解程序。並與數理規劃之排程結果相比較，以驗證此兩階段啓發式求解程序之適用性。
NMR assignments for the amino-terminal residues of trp repressor and their role in DNA binding (1989)

The trp repressor of Escherichia coli specifically binds to operator DNAs in three operons involved in tryptophan metabolism. The NMR spectra of repressor and a chymotryptic fragment lacking the six amino-terminal residues are compared. Two-dimensional J-correlated spectra of the two forms of the protein are superimposable except for cross-peaks that are associated with the N-terminal region. The chemical shifts and relaxation behavior of the N-terminal resonances suggest mobile "arms". Spin-echo experiments on a ternary complex of repressor with L-tryptophan and operator DNA indicate that the termini are also disordered in the complex, although removal of the arms reduces the DNA binding energy. Relaxation measurements on the armless protein show increased mobility for several residues, probably due to helix fraying in the newly exposed N-terminal region. DNA binding by the armless protein does not reduce the mobility of these residues. Thus, it appears that the arms serve to stabilize the N-terminal helix but that this structural role does not explain their contribution to the DNA binding energy. These results suggest that the promiscuous DNA binding by the arms seen in the X-ray crystal structure is found in solution as well.
Sub-1-V design techniques for high-linearity multistage/pipelined analog-to-digital converters (2005)

The design of an ultra-low-voltage multistage (two-stage algorithmic) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) employing the opamp-reset switching technique is described. A highly linear input sampling circuit accommodates truly low-voltage sampling from external input signal source. A radix-based digital calibration technique is used to compensate for component mismatches and reduced opamp gain under low supply voltage. The radix-based scheme is based on a half-reference multiplying digital-to-analog converter structure, where the error sources seen by both the reference and input signal paths are made identical for a given stage. The prototype ADC was fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The prototype integrated circuit dissipates 9 mW at 0.9-V supply with an input signal range of 0.9 V/sub p-p/ differential. The calibration of the ADC improves the signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio from 40 to 55 dB and the spurious-free dynamic range from 47 to 75 dB.
Seismic Exploration for Stratigraphic Traps: Section 2. Application of Seismic Reflection Configuration to Stratigraphic Interpretation (1977)

The capability, as of the late 1960s, of the seismic reflection method for the location of stratigraphically entrapped hydrocarbons was evaluated by Lyons and Dobrin. Limitations of the data resolution that could be expected from seismic reflection made it appear unlikely that significant improvement could be expected in its historically poor performance as a tool for finding stratigraphic oil and gas. Since that time, significant developments in seismic data acquisition and processing have resulted in better definition and hence resolution of the basic seismic signal. Among these developments are the use of seismic amplitudes in defining stratigraphic features. Model studies and tests in areas where the geology is known give encouraging indications that these developments should improve the effectiveness of seismic reflection techniques. But we still have no way of knowing whether these capabilities overcome limitations of the method to the extent that discovering stratigraphic accumulations of hydrocarbons has actually been improved. It is hard to assess the value of geophysical data in stratigraphic discoveries that have involved extensive coordination of geophysics and geology. oreover, few case histories are available on discoveries where the most modern seismic techniques have been used. Recent interpretive techniques developed by Vail et al enable us to recreate depositional history and deduce depositional environments by analysis of reflection patterns on record sections. Such analysis can isolate areas that are environmentally most prospective for hydrocarbon accumulation, making it possible to locate stratigraphic entrapments with a minimum of additional seismic and geologic investigations. Where technological improvements have increased the potential of the reflection method for finding stratigraphic oil and gas directly, there still exists a need for sophisticated integration of seismic and geologic data, particularly from wells that correlate with seismic lines. Most important discoveries of stratigraphic oil and gas (attributable to seismic reflection) have used such integration--many with seismic data that are considered primitive by today's standards. Case histories present the performance of seismic reflection in exploring for various types of stratigraphic entrapment features, including carbonate bodies, truncations of clastic layers, sandstone bodies, and facies transitions.
A Design of Packages Tracking System Based on Radio Frequency Identification (2018)

The traditional package tracking process depends on manual handling this requires time and effort, in addition to that this may lead to packages lost or misplaced. Shipping companies or package sender were unable to trace their packages in a realtime manner. The main objective of this paper is to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties and to provide real-time information for both customers and the packaging companies about their packages by effectively utilize new relevant technologies. The proposed packages tracking system is mainly based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for shipping train and consists of two main subsystems integrated together. The first subsystem is a wireless tracking system. In this sub-system each package labeled with a barcode and placed in a box with RFID tag identifier (ID) then the box is placed in the train's trailer. Each trailer has a wireless node that contains a microcontroller to receive and to store the boxes ID's. Then the trailer wireless node sends the stored ID's wirelessly to a wireless node located on each train stations via wireless module to update the system's database by the current location of the packages. The second subsystem is a web-based information system that collects and store data received from the first subsystem and provides this information to all authorized users. The simulation result shows that shipping employees and users can log on to the website using their accounts to trace their packages in a real-time which improve accuracy and helps the shipping companies to do their job effortlessly.
Relationship between obesity, ethnicity and risk of late stillbirth: a case control study (2011)

Pacific ethnicity was not found to be an independent risk factor for late stillbirth in this New Zealand study. The disparity in stillbirth rates between Pacific and European women can be attributed to confounding factors such as maternal obesity and high parity.
Pilot capability evaluation of a feedback electronic imaging system prototype for in-process monitoring in electron beam additive manufacturing (2018)

Electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique increasingly used by many industrial sectors, including medical and aerospace industries. The application of this technology is still, however, challenged by many technical barriers. One of the major issues is the lack of process monitoring and control system to monitor process repeatability and component quality reproducibility. Various techniques, mainly involving infrared (IR) and optical cameras, have been employed in previous attempts to study the quality of the EBAM process. However, all attempts lack the flexibility to zoom-in and focus on multiple regions of the processing area. In this paper, a digital electronic imaging system prototype and a piece of macroscopic process quality analysis software are presented. The prototype aims to provide flexibility in magnifications and the selection of fields of view (FOV). The software aims to monitor the EBAM process on a layer-by-layer basis. Digital electronic images were generated by detecting both secondary electrons (SE) and backscattered electrons (BSE) originating from interactions between the machine electron beam and the processing area using specially designed hardware. Prototype capability experiments, software verification and demonstration were conducted at room temperature on the top layer of an EBAM test build. Digital images of different magnifications and FOVs were generated. The upper range of the magnification achieved in the experiments was 95 and the demonstration verified the potential ability of the software to be applied in process monitoring. It is believed that the prototype and software have significant potential to be used for in-process EBAM monitoring in many manufacturing sectors. This study is thought to be the necessary precursor for future work which will establish whether the concept is suited to working under in-process EBAM operating conditions.
ADDITION OF SORBITOL WITH KMnO<sub>4</sub> IMPROVES BROCCOLI QUALITY RETENTION IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGES (2006)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of sorbitol (a water absorbent) to packages containing potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) on an inert carrier (a volatile adsorber) could be used to enhance the removal of volatiles associated with off‐odors in broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L., Italica group) during storage in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Broccoli heads were held in PD‐961EZ bags (five per bag), to allow CO 2 to accumulate above the recommended 5–10%. Six treatments within MAP were investigated: (1) control − 0‐g sorbitol + 0 g‐KMnO 4 ; (2) 0‐g sorbitol + 20.0‐g KMnO 4 ; (3) 2.5‐g sorbitol + 20.0‐g KMnO 4 ; (4) 5.0‐g sorbitol + 20.0‐g KMnO 4 ; (5) 10.0‐g sorbitol + 20.0‐g KMnO 4 ; and (6) 20.0‐g sorbitol + 20.0‐g KMnO 4 . Broccoli heads in MAP with sorbitol had better appearance, firmness and odor ratings after 29 days of storage at 0–1C, compared to the controls. Furthermore, the odor rating was higher (less off‐odor) as the amount of sorbitol was increased (1.9 control versus 3.9 for 20‐g sorbitol). Slight increases in weight loss ( ≤ 1.3%) of the broccoli were also noted with the addition of sorbitol, although not near an amount that would affect marketability. Acetaldehyde concentrations were higher in the control bags with no sorbitol or KMnO 4 after 29 days of storage at 0–1C (0.21 versus 0.00–0.02 μ L/L with KMnO 4 and/or sorbitol), while ethanol content was greater in both control bags and those with only KMnO 4 (0.12–0.13 versus 0.00–0.06 μ L/L with sorbitol). Chlorophyll fluorescence (Φ PSII ) began to decrease more rapidly in the control broccoli, as the ethanol and acetaldehyde began to accumulate. Overall, the use of sorbitol ( ≥ 2.5 g) with KMnO 4 in MAP could enhance the removal of volatiles that are responsible for off‐odors and off‐flavors in broccoli, and thus maintain the quality and marketability longer.
Sequential Compressed Sensing (2010)

Compressed sensing allows perfect recovery of sparse signals (or signals sparse in some basis) using only a small number of random measurements. Existing results in compressed sensing literature have focused on characterizing the achievable performance by bounding the number of samples required for a given level of signal sparsity. However, using these bounds to minimize the number of samples requires a priori knowledge of the sparsity of the unknown signal, or the decay structure for near-sparse signals. Furthermore, there are some popular recovery methods for which no such bounds are known. In this paper, we investigate an alternative scenario where observations are available in sequence. For any recovery method, this means that there is now a sequence of candidate reconstructions. We propose a method to estimate the reconstruction error directly from the samples themselves, for every candidate in this sequence. This estimate is universal in the sense that it is based only on the measurement ensemble, and not on the recovery method or any assumed level of sparsity of the unknown signal. With these estimates, one can now stop observations as soon as there is reasonable certainty of either exact or sufficiently accurate reconstruction. They also provide a way to obtain ¿run-time¿ guarantees for recovery methods that otherwise lack a priori performance bounds. We investigate both continuous (e.g., Gaussian) and discrete (e.g., Bernoulli) random measurement ensembles, both for exactly sparse and general near-sparse signals, and with both noisy and noiseless measurements.
The C-16 Halides of Estrone Methyl Ester (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe C-16 Halides of Estrone Methyl EsterGEORGE P. MUELLER and WILLIAM F. JOHNSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2403–2413Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dimethyl trisulphide is a strong attractant for some calliphorids and a muscid but not for the reindeer oestrids <i>Hypoderma tarandi</i> and <i>Cephenemyia trompe</i> (1996)

Abstract A field test with synthetic dimethyl trisulphide as attractant in flight traps was carried out in Finnmark, northern Norway, in July 1992 and 1994. The reindeer oestrids Hypoderma (= Oedemagena) tarandi (L.) and Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Oestridae), previously shown to react positively to dimethyl trisulphide on the olfactory receptor level, were only caught in small numbers, with no significant differences between baited and unbaited traps. In both years, however, the baited traps caught significantly more individuals of Calliphoridae and Hydrotaea anxia (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Muscidae) than unbaited control traps. In 1992, Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and H. anxia were the predominant species (78.5% and 20.5%, respectively). In 1994, H. anxia was the most prevalent species (73.6%). Seven species of Calliphoridae were caught, with P. terraenovae, Calliphora vomitoria (L.), C. uralensis (Villeneuve) and C. loewi (Enderlain) as the most numerous ones. Dimethyl trisulphide is probably a decomposition product from bacterial activity and may be one of the major cues for calliphorid host finding. The significance of the reaction for oestrids on the receptor level, but evidently not on a behavioural level, remains unclear.
A Path Shadowing Model Representing Human Activity Effects in Indoor Environments (2007)

This paper presents a path-shadowing model in indoor populated environments based on computer simulations. The propagation paths between the transmitting and receiving points in an empty rectangular space are determined by a ray tracing method, moving quasi-human bodies modelled as a cylinder with finite height are generated in this space, and intersections of the paths with the bodies are counted. As a result, the shadowing probabilities, durations, and intervals are evaluated for each propagation path, and this shadowing process is characterized as a Markov process. This paper proposes a method for individually generating the shadowing effects on each propagation path. The measurement results of path shadowing characteristics using a photoelectric sensor are also presented, and the validity of this model is confirmed.