gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Dynamic Method of Machine Learning From Transition Examples (2011)

It’s well known machine learning from examples is an effective method to solve non-linear classification problem. A new dynamic method of machine learning from transition example is given in this paper. This method can improve the traditional method ID3 which learns from static eigenvalues of examples. The limits of the traditional method ID3 lie on no comprehension and no memory, especially, no the varieties and dynamic correlation of eigenvalues. In the new method, it can learn from dynamic eigenvalues, the change of data can be learned because the training data is the initial eigenvalue and the end eigenvalue in the interval. All eigenvalue’s varieties and correlation can be understood and remembered in application. By test experiments, the new method can be used as classifier when the multi-parameters are dynamic correlation, and it has special use in the many kinds of information fusion fields.
GaAs Epitaxy by a Molecular Beam Method: Observations of Surface Structure on the (001) Face (1971)

The epitaxial growth of GaAs by a molecular beam deposition method on bromine-methanol etched (001) GaAs substrate has been studied in situ in an ultrahigh vacuum high-energy electron diffraction system. GaAs (001)−C(2×8) and (001)−C(8×2) surface structures were observed during growth: one is arsenic stabilized, the other is gallium stabilized, and they are rotated 90° about the [001] axis from each other. Which surface structure is present during growth is a function of the ratio of the arsenic to gallium intensity in the molecular beam and the substrate temperature. For a given As2/Ga ratio, there is a transition from growth with the arsenic-stabilized (001)−C(2×8) to the gallium-stabilized (001)−C(8×2) with an increase in substrate temperature. In the case of a constant substrate temperature, the same transition can be achieved by varying the As2/Ga ratio. Without the molecular beam impinging on the surface, a gallium-stabilized (001)−C(8×2) surface structure quenches to a (001)−6 structure while the arsenic-stabilized (001)−C(2×8) structure remains unchanged.
Growth, Development, and Thebaine Content of <i>Papaver bracteatum</i> Lindl. in Relation to Spacing<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Abstract Papaver bracteatum Lindl. is being investigated as an alternate source of the alkaloid thebaine, an industrial precursor of codeine and other analgesics. The effects of 0.15‐, 0.30‐, and 0.60‐m spacing on the growth, development, and thebaine content of P. bracteatum were investigated in the field on an Elkton silt loam (clayey, mixed, mesic Typic Ochraquult). The experiment was conducted for 2 yr at Beltsville, MD, using germplasm from the UNB‐4 collection from Iran. All treatments were replicated five times. Intraspecific competition greatly reduced plant growth and development at the 0.15‐m spacing, and, as a result, the number of flowering plants was reduced 75% in the second year relative to the first year. Second‐year increases were noted in capsule number and dry weight yield for both the 0.30‐ and 0.60‐m spacings, with the most capsules per plant for the 0.60‐m spacing. However, yield of phytomass per hectare was 130% greater for the 0.30‐m spacing than for the 0.60‐m spacing. Thebaine production per hectare for the duration of this investigation was highest for the 0.30‐m‐spacing treatments and lowest for the 0.15‐m treatment. Optimum spacing of P. bracteatum plants may be a function of the time plants are permitted to grow.
Identification and Functional Analysis of in Vivo Phosphorylation Sites of the Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 Receptor Kinase (2005)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate multiple aspects of plant growth and development and require an active BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (BAK1) for hormone perception and signal transduction. Many animal receptor kinases exhibit ligand-dependent oligomerization followed by autophosphorylation and activation of the intracellular kinase domain. To determine if early events in BR signaling share this mechanism, we used coimmunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins to show that in vivo association of BRI1 and BAK1 was affected by endogenous and exogenous BR levels and that phosphorylation of both BRI1 and BAK1 on Thr residues was BR dependent. Immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged BRI1 from Arabidopsis thaliana followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) identified S-838, S-858, T-872, and T-880 in the juxtamembrane region, T-982 in the kinase domain, and S-1168 in C-terminal region as in vivo phosphorylation sites of BRI1. MS analysis also strongly suggested that an additional two residues in the juxtamembrane region and three sites in the activation loop of kinase subdomain VII/VIII were phosphorylated in vivo. We also identified four specific BAK1 autophosphorylation sites in vitro using LC/MS/MS. Site-directed mutagenesis of identified and predicted BRI1 phosphorylation sites revealed that the highly conserved activation loop residue T-1049 and either S-1044 or T-1045 were essential for kinase function in vitro and normal BRI1 signaling in planta. Mutations in the juxtamembrane or C-terminal regions had only small observable effects on autophosphorylation and in planta signaling but dramatically affected phosphorylation of a peptide substrate in vitro. These findings are consistent with many aspects of the animal receptor kinase model in which ligand-dependent autophosphorylation of the activation loop generates a functional kinase, whereas phosphorylation of noncatalytic intracellular domains is required for recognition and/or phosphorylation of downstream substrates.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). (1992)

YT cells, originally reported as a natural-killer-like (NK-like) lymphoid cell line, were investigated for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, gene rearrangement for T-cell receptor (TCR), phenotype and function. The YT cells of the original batch (YT-0) and two subclones (YT2C2 and YTC3) expressed EBV-associated nuclear antigen, and the BamHI-digested DNA showed the 3.4 kb hybridizing band with the BamHIW probe of EBV DNA in Southern blot analysis. When tested with latent-infection membrane protein probe, an identical hybridizing band was shared, indicating that all three sources of YT cells were of monoclonal derivation in terms of the terminal repeat junctional structure of EBV DNA, and that the original YT cells had been infected with EBV before the isolation of the two subclones. The cell-surface antigen analysis revealed the expression of CD7, CD28, CD30, CD45R0, TLiSA and S6F1 antigen besides the originally recorded CD25, CD56 and HLA-DR antigen. Gene rearrangement analysis showed the germ-line genotype, including TCR gamma and delta as well as beta chain. The Northern blot study using the CD3 epsilon and CD3 delta chain gene probes revealed CD3 epsilon, but not CD3 delta RNA. The YT-0 cells exhibited NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity, but the YT2C2 and YTC3 cells did not. It was not resolved whether the fresh neoplastic NK-like cells of the YT-cell donor carry EBV genome, but YT cells, the first lymphoid cell line found to have EBV genome and non-B lymphoid properties, are valuable for investigating the relationship between EBV and human non-B lymphoid hematopoietic cells.
A photobleaching resistant polymer supported hexanuclear molybdenum iodide cluster for photocatalytic oxygenations and photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (2016)

The ability of a hexanuclear molybdenum cluster, [Mo<sub>6</sub>I<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, to carry out, upon irradiation, singlet oxygen mediated photocatalytic oxygenation reactions has been tested. This complex has been also supported on a solid polymeric matrix, yielding an immobilized photosensitizer with remarkable photostability and recyclability. Preliminary studies of antibacterial photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus have been conducted, with positive results.
Detection of Utilizable Capacity Deterioration in Battery Systems (2010)

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries exhibit high power and energy densities, as well as high-cycle-lifetime capabilities. Li-ion cells based on LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> cathodes are promising alternatives to predominant metal oxide technologies, particularly for applications with high power and cycle lifetime requirements. This paper includes investigations on high-power LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> cells' cycle lifetime. Therefore, 3000 full charge-discharge cycles are applied to the cells with high constant current rates. Through reference testing, increasing battery impedance and a fading capacity are identified as a consequence of battery aging. Capacity fade proceeds in a way that cells' open-circuit voltages (OCVs) change only in the range of high state-of-charge (SOC). A model-based method that can detect the decreasingly utilizable capacity is outlined. The proposed method considers the changing OCV characteristics and enables the determination of capacity loss without complete charge and discharge being necessary during battery operation. By the evaluation of capacity loss information, an accelerated battery aging or even possible battery damage caused by overcharge can be avoided during battery charging scenarios.
Increased in vitro growth capacity of tracheal epithelium exposed in vivo to 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. (1977)

Heterotopic tracheal transplants of rats were exposed in vivo to 150 or 640 microng of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) delivered over 2 weeks, and the epithelium was studied in vitro in an attempt to identify changes in growth behavior during early phases of neoplastic development. Explants were made from the exposed tracheas, as well as from a series of controls, and the rate of epithelial outgrowth from the explants was measured. Secondly, the capacity of the outgrowths to survive as primary cultures and their ability to survive multiple in vitro passages were studied. During the initial planting, the rate of outgrowth was by far the greatest from the explants preexposed to 150 microng DMBA. Outgrowth from explants preexposed to 640 microng DMBA was sparse during the first planting but increased markedly during repeated planting when insulin- and hydrocortisone-supplemented medium was used. Establishment of outgrowth during repeated planting of carcinogen-exposed tracheal pieces was clearly hormone dependent. Control explants did not exhibit this hormone dependency. Primary cultures could be established from only three of six explants preexposed to 150 microng DMBA. These explants had been initiated in insulin- and hydrocortisone-supplemented medium. The primary cultures were successfully subcultured. Primary cultures were also established from five of five explants preexposed to 640 microng DMBA and cultured in hormone-supplemented medium. At least one cell line was obtained from each of the explants. To establish and maintain primary cultures from control tracheas required an enriched medium containing amino acid supplements, sodium pyruvate, and putrescine, as well as the hormone supplements. However, such cultures could not be subcultured. The primary cultures from the carcinogen-exposed explants and the subsequently developed cell lines all exhibited morphological characteristics of keratinizing squamous epithelium. These characteristics include: epithelioid cell morphology, multilayering and sloughing of orangeophilic squamous cells, and the presence of keratohyalin granules. These experiments demonstrate a markedly increased in vitro growth capacity of tracheal epithelium after a short in vivo exposure to carcinogen.
Vision based navigation for an unmanned aerial vehicle (2002)

We are developing a system for autonomous navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on computer vision. A UAV is equipped with on-board cameras and each UAV is provided with noisy estimates of its own state, coming from GPS/INS. The mission of the UAV is low altitude navigation from an initial position to a final position in a partially known 3-D environment while avoiding obstacles and minimizing path length. We use a hierarchical approach to path planning. We distinguish between a global offline computation, based on a coarse known model of the environment and a local online computation, based on the information coming from the vision system. A UAV builds and updates a virtual 3-D model of the surrounding environment by processing image sequences and fusing them with sensor data. Based on such a model the UAV will plan a path from its current position to the terminal point. It will then follow such path, getting more data from the on-board cameras, and refining map and local path in real time.
Dopant Activation in Single-Crystalline Germanium by Low-Temperature Microwave Annealing (2011)

Phosphorus activated in germanium epitaxy atop Si wafer by low-temperature microwave annealing technique was investigated in this letter. Compared to the conventional RTA process, the temperature of phosphorus activation could be 120°C to 140°C which is an improvement in temperature reduction at the same sheet resistance. According to the SRP, up to 150°C reduction in maximum temperature at the same activation concentration (about 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) could be achieved. Through adjusting the microwave power and process time, sheet resistance could be decreased while suppressing dopant diffusion. In addition, the inserted susceptor wafers above and below the processing wafer also suppressed the dopant diffusion and improved film roughness.
A Survey of GPU-Based Large-Scale Volume Visualization (2014)

This survey gives an overview of the current state of the art in GPU techniques for interactive large-scale volume visualization. Modern techniques in this field have brought about a sea change in how interactive visualization and analysis of giga-, tera-, and petabytes of volume data can be enabled on GPUs. In addition to combining the parallel processing power of GPUs with out-of-core methods and data streaming, a major enabler for interactivity is making both the computational and the visualization effort proportional to the amount and resolution of data that is actually visible on screen, i.e., ''output-sensitive'' algorithms and system designs. This leads to recent outputsensitive approaches that are ''ray-guided,'' ''visualization-driven,'' or ''display-aware.'' In this survey, we focus on these characteristics and propose a new categorization of GPU-based large-scale volume visualization techniques based on the notions of actual output-resolution visibility and the current working set of volume bricks-the current subset of data that is minimally required to produce an output image of the desired display resolution. For our purposes here, we view parallel (distributed) visualization using clusters as an orthogonal set of techniques that we do not discuss in detail but that can be used in conjunction with what we discuss in this survey.
Controlled Termination of the Growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2007)

Careful control of the termination step during CNT growth results in straight roots and good adhesion to the substrate, in sharp contrast to the roots of naturally terminated CNTs that are highly curved and contain trapped catalyst. Direct force measurements show that well-controlled termination gives rise to an adhesion three times larger than that of natural termination. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0600_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The monitoring of inflammation by specific cellular markers (1994)

The use of specific assays for unique secretory components of various inflammatory cells in the clinical evaluation of inflammatory diseases is a new and fascinating possibility, since these assays seem to be more sensitive indicators of inflammatory activity than the conventionally used methods and since these unique cellular markers in addition provide us with useful pathophysiological information. So far the most widely used markers are eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) from the eosinophil and neutrophil markers such as myeloperoxidase and elastase. Serum measurements of the former are used quite extensively in the evaluation of the inflammatory process in the lung of asthmatics whereas the latter predominantly are used in relation to bacterial infections and as compatibility markers in relation to extracorporeal circulation. Recent developments have shown that the serum measurement of a new protein from the neutrophil, human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), is a superior means to distinguish acute bacterial and viral infections. The future access to a panel of unique cellular markers of inflammatory cells will undoubtedly reveal new exciting possibilities in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of patients with inflammatory diseases.
β-Deuterium Isotope Effects on Amine Basicity, “Inductive” and Stereochemical (2003)

Secondary β deuterium isotope effects on acidity constants of ammonium ions are measured using a remarkably precise NMR titration method. Deuteration is found to increase the basicity of methylamine, dimethylamine, benzylamine, and N,N-dimethylaniline. The effect is attributed to a lowered zero-point energy of a CH bond adjacent to an amine nitrogen. The method permits a determination of the stereochemical dependence of the isotope effect in a locked piperidine, and it is found that deuteration is more effective when antiperiplanar to a lone pair. The values are consistent with a cos2 dependence on dihedral angle, with no detectable angle-independent inductive effect.
Organic Electrolytes of Secondary Lithium Batteries (2008)

This paper reviews the electrolytes in view of their charge-discharge characteristics, electrochemical and physical properties for the applications to secondary lithium batteries in about past decade. Also this paper mainly encompasses on the lithium organoborates and fluorinated organic solvents for electrolytes of lithium batteries.
A current sense-amplifier for fast CMOS SRAMs (1990)

A novel sense-amplifier circuit suitable for fast and large SRAMs in submicron CMOS technology has been proposed. The sense-amplifier is fast, yet very simple, comprising only four transistors. It features a current-sensing character, since it represents a virtual short-circuit to the bitlines, transferring the cell current directly to the output circuits. Sensing delay is rendered insensitive to bitline capacitance, thus easing one of the constraints in memory architecture design: that of restricted bitline length. Current consumption is decreased and yet speed is improved owing to an intrinsic precharge (or dynamic biasing) property. The virtual short-circuit character ensures equal bitline voltages, thus eliminating the need for bitline equalization during a read-access. This could also significantly affect architecture tradeoffs and chip access time
Enhanced Cytotoxicity from Deoxyguanosine-Enriched T-oligo in Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Prostate cancer represents approximately 10 percent of all cancer cases in men and accounts for more than a quarter of all cancer types. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, however, have not translated well to the clinic. Patients with metastatic and hormone-refractory disease have only palliative options for treatment, as chemotherapy seldom produces durable or complete responses, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. T-oligo, a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid with partial sequence homology to human telomeric DNA, has elicited cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effects in multiple cancer cell types. In contrast, normal primary cells of varying tissue types are resistant to cytotoxic actions of T-oligo, underscoring its potential utility as a novel targeted cancer therapeutic. Mechanistically, T-oligo is hypothesized to interfere with normal telomeric structure and form G-quadruplex structures, thereby inducing genomic stress in addition to aberrant upregulation of DNA damageresponse pathways. Here, we present data demonstrating the enhanced effectiveness of a deoxyguanosine-enriched sequence of T-oligo, termed (GGTT)4, which elicits robust cytotoxic effects in prostate cancer cells at lower concentrations than the most recent T-oligo sequence (5'-pGGT TAG GTG TAG GTT T 3') described to date and used for comparison in this study, while exerting no cytotoxic actions on nontransformed human prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, we provide evidence supporting the T-oligo induced activation of cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in prostate cancer cells consistent with G-quadruplex formation, thereby significantly advancing the understanding of the T-oligo mechanism of action.
Three-Dimensional Flowfield Calculation of High-Loaded Centrifugal Compressor Diffusers (1987)

In this paper a method for calculating inviscid three-dimensional flowfields in vaned diffusers of high-loaded centrifugal compressors will be considered. Following the classical theory of Wu different kinds of streamsurfaces have been introduced. The complete three-dimensional result is approximated by a combination of blade-to-blade streamsurfaces (S1 surface) and S2 surfaces between the side walls of the diffuser. The geometry of each of the stream sheets depends on the others. A special curvilinear coordinate system has been introduced to take into account the twisted shape of the surfaces. Because of the expected transonic flow pattern due to the high loading of the considered units, a time-marching procedure is applied for solving the conservative form of the governing equations in each kind of streamsurface. To demonstrate the capability of the described calculation procedure, the flow pattern in a radial diffuser with twisted vanes has been considered. The impeller speed is assumed to be so large that the flow may become transonic behind the impeller exit. Shock waves may therefore occur in front of the diffuser vanes. Pressure distributions have been calculated in several stream sheets and have been compared with available experimental data. Also integral results predicted by this theory have been compared with measured performance maps. A simple method to estimate a diffuser blockage factor will be given. As a conclusion it will be indicated that a good agreement between theory and experiment justifies the application of an inviscid three-dimensional method for calculating essential details of the pressure field in radial diffusers. However, a coupling of inviscid theory and boundary layer theory does not provide a sufficient prediction of the losses.
Dietary protein and muscle in older persons (2013)

Optimizing dietary protein intake to improve health requires a detailed consideration of topics including muscle protein anabolism, appetite control and satiety. Although each area of research continues to advance independently, recent collaborative and translational efforts have highlighted broad, translational consistencies related to the daily distribution and quantity of dietary protein.