gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Better Algorithms for Hybrid Circuit and Packet Switching in Data Centers (2017)

Hybrid circuit and packet switching for data center networking (DCN) has received considerable research attention recently. A hybrid-switched DCN employs a much faster circuit switch that is reconfigurable with a nontrivial cost, and a much slower packet switch that is reconfigurable with no cost, to interconnect its racks of servers. The research problem is, given a traffic demand matrix (between the racks), how to compute a good circuit switch configuration schedule so that the vast majority of the traffic demand is removed by the circuit switch, leaving a remaining demand matrix that contains only small elements for the packet switch to handle. In this paper, we propose two new hybrid switch scheduling algorithms under two different scheduling constraints. Our first algorithm, called 2-hop Eclipse, strikes a much better tradeoff between the resulting performance (of the hybrid switch) and the computational complexity (of the algorithm) than the state of the art solution Eclipse/Eclipse++. Our second algorithm, called BFF (best first fit), is the first hybrid switching solution that exploits the potential partial reconfiguration capability of the circuit switch for performance gains.
Unified Analysis of Linear Block Precoding for Distributed Antenna Systems (2009)

Block transmission with cyclic prefix is a promising technique to realize high-speed data rates in frequency selective fading channels. Many popular linear precoding schemes, including orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier (SC) block transmission, and time-reversal (TR), can be interpreted as such a block transmission. This paper presents a unified performance analysis which shows how the optimal precoding strategy depends on the receiver type and the optimization criterion (capacity and mean-square error). We analyze three variants of TR methods (based on maximum-ratio combining, equal-gain combining and selective combining) and two-types of pre-equalization methods (zero-forcing and minimum mean-square error). As one application of our framework, we derive optimal power control for OFDM in the presence of interference limitation for distributed antenna systems; we find that without power control, OFDM does not have any capacity advantage over SC transmissions. When comparing SC and TR, we verify that for single-antenna systems at high SNRs, SC has a capacity advantage; however, TR performs better in the low SNR regime. For multiple-antenna systems, TR always provides higher capacity, and the capacity of TR can approach that of optimal precoders with a number of distributed antennas.
Electronic calendars in the office: an assessment of user needs and current technology (1985)

Manufacturers of integrated electronic office systems have included electronic versions of the calendar in almost every system they offer. This paper describes a survey of office workers, carried out to examine their use both of paper calendars and of electronic calendars that are commercially available as part of integrated office systems. It assesses the degree to which electronic calendars meet the needs of users. Our survey shows that the simple paper calendar is a tool whose power and flexibility is matched by few, if any, of the current commercially available electronic calendars. Recommendations for features that should be included in electronic calendars and automatic schedulers are included.
A dual mesh scheme for finite element based reconstruction algorithms (1995)

The finite element (FE) method has found several applications in emerging imaging modalities, especially microwave imaging which has been shown to be potentially useful in a number of areas including thermal estimation. In monitoring temperature distributions, the biological phenomena of temperature variations of tissue dielectric properties is exploited. By imaging these properties and their changes during such therapies as hyperthermia, temperature distributions can be deduced using difference imaging techniques. The authors focus on a microwave imaging problem where the hybrid element (HE) method is used in conjunction with a dual mesh scheme in an effort to image complex wavenumbers, k(2). The dual mesh scheme is introduced to improve the reconstructed images of tissue properties and is ideally suited for systems using FE methods as their computational base. Since the electric fields typically vary rapidly over a given body when irradiated by high-frequency electromagnetic sources, a dense mesh is needed for these fields to be accurately represented. Conversely, k(2) may be fairly constant over subregions of the body which would allow for a less dense sampling of this parameter in those regions. In the dual mesh system employed, the first mesh, which is uniformly dense, is used for calculating the electric fields over the body whereas the second mesh, which is nonuniform and less dense, is used for representing the k(2) distribution within the region of interest. The authors examine the 2-D TM polarization case for a pair of dielectric distributions on both a large and small problem to demonstrate the flexibility of the dual mesh method along with some of the difficulties associated with larger imaging problems. Results demonstrate the capabilities of the dual mesh concept in comparison to a single mesh approach for a variety of test cases, suggesting that the dual mesh method is critical for FE based image reconstruction where rapidly varying physical quantities are used to recover smoother property profiles, as can occur in microwave imaging of biological bodies.
Monolithic vertical cavity device lasing at 1.55µm in InGaAlAs system (1997)

The authors present the first demonstration of a monolithic vertical cavity laser optically pumped at 1.55 µm. The laser cavity is grown in a single run by low pressure MOVPE and the total thickness is 16.4 µm with an InGaAlAs (λg = 1.55 µm) bulk active region (3λ/2 thick) between two InGaAlAs (λg = 1.45 µm)/InAlAs Bragg stacks.
Immunoblotting for determination of the antigenic specificities of antibodies to the Mycoplasmatales. (1984)

Determination of the nature of antigens towards which specific antibodies are directed has caused great difficulties in studies of the antigenic structure of the Mycoplasmatales. In immunoblotting, polypeptides are separated first by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to cellulose nitrate electrophoretically. The resultant pattern is stained by enzyme-linked staining techniques. This permits direct detection of the antigenic specificities recognized by human and animal immune serum. For example, human convalescent sera from patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia recognize 2 to 7 polypeptides in M. pneumoniae, whereas human sera from patients with postpartum fever from whom Ureaplasma urealyticum has been isolated from the bloodstream detect 15 to 25 polypeptides. A comparison of M. pneumoniae with M. genitalium using rabbit antisera demonstrated that these two organisms show strong cross-reactions, although the organisms can be distinguished. Although certain antigens (epitopes) are destroyed in the procedure, it appears that about two-thirds of the polypeptides retain antigenicity. Immunoblotting provides a powerful means for identifying and subsequently fractionating antigens important to the human immune response.
Synthesis of .alpha.,.beta.-epoxyacyl azides and their rearrangement to epoxy isocyanates and 3- and 4-oxazolin-2-ones (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.,.beta.-epoxyacyl azides and their rearrangement to epoxy isocyanates and 3- and 4-oxazolin-2-onesJacques M. Lemmens, Willem W. J. M. Blommerde, Lambertus Thijs, and Binne ZwanenburgCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 12, 2231–2235Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00186a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00186a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Varicocele and male infertility: Part II: Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility (2001)

Varicoceles are found in 19 to 41% of infertile men, and is one treatable form of male infertility. The mechanism by which varicoceles cause the variable effect on male infertility and spermatogenesis is still unknown. Experimental animal models play a useful (but limited) role due to the sudden and variable iatrogenic nature of the varicoceles and the duration of the studies. Much of the human data are derived by the characterization of associated differences in measurable parameters between men with and without varicoceles. The role of hyperthermia, testicular blood flow and venous pressure changes, reflux of renal/adrenal products, hormonal dysfunction, autoimmunity, defects in acrosome reaction, and oxidative stress, in the pathophysiology of varicocele will be discussed.
Differential expression and ligand-induced modulation of the human interleukin-6 receptor on interleukin-6-responsive cells. (1994)

The human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) was differentially expressed on IL-6-dependent (U266 and SKO-007) and -independent (RPMI8226) myeloma cells as well as melanoma cells (A375-C6) that are growth-inhibited by IL-6. U266 and SKO-007 cells expressed four distinct IL-6R complexes (molecular masses of 100, 120, 145, and 165 kDa) as revealed by affinity cross-linking of iodinated IL-6. RPMI8226 and A375-C6 cells primarily expressed the 165-kDa complex relative to the others. Immunoprecipitation and antibody competition studies showed that the 100- and 120-kDa complexes contained the gp80 subunit, whereas the 145- and 165-kDa complexes contained the gp130 subunit of the IL-6R. Assaying solubilized U266 plasma membrane proteins by affinity cross-linking or ligand blotting revealed that only gp80 bound IL-6 specifically. Induction of an IL-6 response was associated with ligand-induced down-regulation of gp130 and was inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibodies. Furthermore, the relative ratios of gp80 to gp130 determined the binding kinetics of the IL-6R, yielding high- and low-affinity binding sites by Scatchard plots. Our data imply that distinct IL-6 bioactivities are based upon the differential expression and regulation by IL-6 of its ligand-binding (gp80) and signal-transducing (gp130) receptor subunits.
Simultaneously phase-matched second- and third-harmonic generation from 155 μm radiation in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides (2006)

Third-harmonic generation (THG) in the cw regime from C-band radiation was achieved in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. By suitable design of fabrication parameters and operating conditions, quasi-phase-matching (QPM) is obtained simultaneously for the second-harmonic generation process (omega-->2omega, first-order QPM) and for the sum-frequency-generation process (omega+2omega-->3omega, third-order QPM), which provides the third harmonic of the pump field. The high overlap between the field profiles of the interacting modes--TM00 at omega and TM10 at 2omega and 3omega--results in what is believed to be the highest ever reported normalized conversion efficiency for THG from telecommunication wavelengths, equal to 0.72%W(-2) cm(-4).
Loxiglumide Rotta research. (2002)

Rotta was developing loxiglumide, a competitive cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist, for potential use in the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal disease, eating disorders and pancreatitis. However, by April 2002 its development for indications other than acute and chronic pancreatitis had been discontinued in favor of the D-enantiomer, dexloxiglumide [449509], which is in clinical trials for gastrointestinal disorders [370620]. Loxiglumide is awaiting approval in Japan where it is being developed for acute and chronic pancreatitis by Mitsubishi Pharma and Kaken Pharmaceuticals, respectively [365460], [449509]. By September 1999, Kaken had submitted a Japanese NDA for the intravenous formulation for acute pancreatitis; approval was still pending in May 2001. At this time, the oral formulation was still 'pre-NDA' [411053]. By February 2000, loxiglumide had also been filed for approval in Japan for the treatment of acute pancreatitis by Mitsubishi-Tokyo [365460], [371091] and was still awaiting approval in October 2001 [422712], [430428]. In December 2001, analysts at Merrill Lynch predicted launch of loxiglumide in early 2002 for acute pancreatitis and late 2004 for chronic pancreatitis, with sales of Yen 1 billion in 2003 rising to Yen 6 billion in 2006 [450719].
Million-Atom Count Simulations of the Effects of Carbon Nanotube Length Distributions on Fiber Mechanical Properties (2009)

The extraordinary mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them prime candidates as a basis for super infrastructure materials. Ab initio, tight binding, and molecular dynamics simulations and recent experiments have shown that CNTs have tensile strengths up to about 15.5 million psi (110 GPa), Young's modulus of 150 million psi (1 TPa), and density of about 80 lbs/ft3 (1.3 g/cm3). These qualities provide tensile strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios about 900 times and 30 times, respectively, those of high-strength (100,000- psi) steel. Building macromaterials that maintain these properties is challenging. Molecular defects, voids, foreign inclusions, and, in particular, weak intermolecular bonds have, to date, prevented macromaterials formed from CNTs from having the remarkable strength and stiffness characteristics of CNTs. The van der Waals forces associated with CNTsrepresent a force per unit length between CNTs. Accordingly, one would expect the bond strength between aligned CNTs to increase with overlap length. Real filaments are likely composed of CNTs with some distribution of lengths. To understand the effects that CNT length distributions have on the tensile strength of neat filaments of aligned CNTs, we performed a series of quenched molecular dynamics simulations on high performance computers using Sandia Laboratory's Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code. The cross-section of each filament was composed of hexagonal closest-packed (HCP) array CNT strands that formed two HCP rings. The filaments were constructed by placing (5,5) chirality CNTs end to end. While the choice of a single-chirality CNT fiber is currently unrealizable, the use of a single chirality fiber allowed us to focus only on the effects of CNT lengths on filament response. The lengths of the CNTs were randomly selected to have Gaussian distribution with the average length ranging from 100 to 1,600 Å. A series of simulations were performed on filament with lengths ranging from 400 to 6,400 Å. For each filament, the strain was increased in small increments and quenched between strain increments. The total tensile force on the filament was recorded and used to determine the uniaxial stress-strain response of the filaments. The results of the simulations quantified the improvements in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and critical strain as a function of the increase in the average component CNT lengths. These are the first molecular dynamics simulations that the authors are aware of that treat statistical qualities of realistic CNT structures. The simulation results are being used to guide the molecular design of CNT filaments to achieve super (1 million psi) strength. The simulations would be impractical, and perhaps impossible, without massively parallel, highperformance computational platforms and molecular dynamics simulation tools optimized to run on such platforms.
In Situ Surface Sampling of Biological Objects and Preconcentration of Their Volatiles for Chromatographic Analysis (2006)

This report describes a rolling stir bar sampling procedure for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present on various biological surfaces. In combination with thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, this analytical technique was initially tested for quantitative profiling of human skin VOCs. It is also applicable to additional hydrophobic surfaces such as agricultural products, plant materials, and bird feathers. Use of embedded internal standards provides highly reproducible and quantitative results for a wide variety of sampled trace components. The samples of collected human skin VOCs and standards were found stable under cool storage conditions for at least 14 days, making this approach suitable for field biological and agricultural studies. Additionally, this methodology appears to have potential for forensic and toxicological investigations, as suggested through the analyses of VOC profiles of the human thumb prints recovered from a nonbiological smooth surface.
Efficacy of SCH39304 and fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated coccidioidomycosis (1990)

The efficacies of SCH39304 (SCH) and fluconazole (FLU) were tested in a murine model of coccidioidomycosis. CD-1 mice were infected with Coccidioides immitis and dosed with SCH at 2, 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg per day or FLU at 10 or 100 mg/kg per day. Survival was enhanced (P less than 0.001) by both drugs at all doses. Residual burdens of C. immitis in the organs of mice treated with SCH at 25 or 50 mg/kg per day were lower than in mice treated with FLU at 100 mg/kg per day (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that SCH is an effective therapy for coccidioidomycosis and is superior to FLU in this comparison.
2,4-Dimethyldibenzofuran (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-DimethyldibenzofuranWilliam E. Parham and Roger W. StrassburgCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4749–4753Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a552https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a552research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiation grafting/crosslinking of silk using electron‐beam irradiation (2003)

Abstract The radiation grafting of silk with methacrylamide (MAA) was studied using an electron‐beam (EB) irradiation technique. Two irradiation processes, preirradiation and coirradiation, were compared, and some factors affecting the degree of grafting were investigated. The radiation crosslinking of silk with dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) was preliminarily studied. The physical and mechanical properties such as whiteness, breaking strength, and resilience of the radiation‐grafted/crosslinked silk fabrics were examined. The radiation grafting of silk with MAA increases the silk weight, while the radiation crosslinking of silk with DMDHEU imparts improved crease resistance to silk. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis indicate the formation of peroxy and free‐radical species on the EB‐irradiated silk. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2028–2034, 2004
Shifted IDR Representations for Low Delay Live DASH Streaming Using HEVC Tiles (2016)

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) has gained a lot of popularity in the last years and has become a widespread solution for media delivery. It is mainly used for VoD services but has being also standardized and can be used for live scenarios. Although there has been a lot of work on low delay DASH services, it is still very challenging to cope with network variations. In fact, low delay configurations prevent DASH users from having a large media buffer to cope with network variations and they can easily lead to deadline misses, which results in a service of low Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper we propose a solution based on HEVC Tiles and an advanced DASH adaptation algorithm that improves drastically the performance by heavily reducing the deadline misses.
Glasses as Electrolytes in Galvanic Cells: Silver Glasses (1950)

The behavior of glass as an electrolyte in galvanic cells has been used as a means to study the constitution of glass. Potentials have been measured in cells made of alkali borate, silicate, and phosphate glasses containing heavy‐metal ions. The magnitude of the potentials is indicative of the forces between these heavy‐metal ions and the glass. Platinum electrodes were used. For Ag + glasses, cells of the type Pt/Ag + glass/Ag/‐ Pt were formed by reduction of the Ag + ions in the vicinity of one electrode by hydrogen between 200° and 400°C. The e.m.f. of these cells were of the order of 1.0 volt for silicate glasses, 0.7 volt for borate glasses, and 0.3 volt for phosphate glasses. The interpretation of these potentials is based on the stability of the Ag + ions in the different glasses.
Influenza virus and cell signaling pathways (2011)

Influenza viruses comprise a major class of human respiratory pathogens, responsible for causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza A virus, due to its segmented RNA genome, is highly subject to mutation, resulting in rapid formation of variants. During influenza infection, viral proteins interact with host proteins and exploit a variety of cellular pathways for their own benefit. Influenza virus inhibits the synthesis of these cellular proteins and facilitates expression of its own proteins for viral transcription and replication. Infected cell pathways are hijacked by an array of intracellular signaling cascades such as NF-κB signaling, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway, PKC/PKR signaling and TLR/RIG-I signaling cascades. This review presents a research update on the subject and discusses the impact of influenza viral infection on these cell signaling pathways.
Cytokine Treatment Improves Parenchymal and Vascular Damage of Salivary Glands after Irradiation (2008)

Post-IR F/S/G treatment facilitates regeneration of the submandibular gland and ameliorates vascular damage. The latter is partly due to BMCs differentiating in vascular cells but is likely to also result from direct stimulation of existing blood vessel cells.