gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear spin manipulation in semiconductor nanostructures (2007)

We report a novel GaAs-based device in which <i>I</i> = 3/2 nuclear spins of <sup>69</sup>Ga, <sup>71</sup>Ga and <sup>75</sup>As in a nanometer scale region can be manipulated by all-electrical means. The device comprises a quantum point contact (QPC), a narrow conduction channel in a GaAs quantum well defined by split gates, integrated with an additional metal strip on top for applying a radio-frequency (RF) pulse. With the device set in a special condition characterized by the Landau-level filling factor <i>v</i> = 2/3, nuclear spins in the narrow region near the QPC can be selectively polarized by driving a current through the QPC. By applying a resonant RF pulse, the polarized nuclei can be coherently manipulated, which we detect through the electrical resistance of the QPC. Different from the conventional nuclear magnetic resonance measuring the transverse component of the magnetization, our device measures the longitudinal component, which enables us to observe otherwise invisible multiple quantum coherences between states with <i>z</i> projection of the angular momentum differing by more than one. By appropriately tuning the length, intensity, and detuning of the RF pulse, all possible coherent superposition between two out of the four Zeeman levels can be created for each nuclide.
Influence of surfactant molecules as air‐entraining agent for bone cement macroporosity (2003)

Calcium phosphate bone cements (CPBCs) represent a potential synthetic alternative to bone-graft materials in bone surgery applications. CPBCs are biocompatible, bioresorbable, and slowly are replaced by new bone in vivo. However, CPBCs do not develop a macroporosity during setting that would allow fast bone ingrowth and good osteointegration of the implant. For this reason, recent research has approached the problem of inducing macroporosity inside the bone cement without influencing its normal setting. In this study, a new method for obtaining injectable macroporous CPBCs is proposed. It is based on the use of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an air-entraining agent. The results have shown that the liquid-to-powder ratio and the SDS concentration, as well as the diameter and the interconnectivity of the macropores, can control the micro- and macroporosity. This new technology can be used to develop and optimize new commercial products for osteoporotic bone filling applications. Furthermore, the presented method also can be used at low temperatures before an operation to produce preformed implants to fit the particular needs of a patient.
<i>LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE</i>acts in the final stages of strigolactone biosynthesis in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2016)

Strigolactones are a group of plant compounds of diverse but related chemical structures. They have similar bioactivity across a broad range of plant species, act to optimize plant growth and development, and promote soil microbe interactions. Carlactone, a common precursor to strigolactones, is produced by conserved enzymes found in a number of diverse species. Versions of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) cytochrome P450 from rice and Arabidopsis thaliana make specific subsets of strigolactones from carlactone. However, the diversity of natural strigolactones suggests that additional enzymes are involved and remain to be discovered. Here, we use an innovative method that has revealed a missing enzyme involved in strigolactone metabolism. By using a transcriptomics approach involving a range of treatments that modify strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression coupled with reverse genetics, we identified LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO), a gene encoding an oxidoreductase-like enzyme of the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. Arabidopsis lbo mutants exhibited increased shoot branching, but the lbo mutation did not enhance the max mutant phenotype. Grafting indicated that LBO is required for a graft-transmissible signal that, in turn, requires a product of MAX1. Mutant lbo backgrounds showed reduced responses to carlactone, the substrate of MAX1, and methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA), a product downstream of MAX1. Furthermore, lbo mutants contained increased amounts of these compounds, and the LBO protein specifically converts MeCLA to an unidentified strigolactone-like compound. Thus, LBO function may be important in the later steps of strigolactone biosynthesis to inhibit shoot branching in Arabidopsis and other seed plants.
Detection of serotype-specific antibodies or capsular antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by a double-label radioimmunoassay (1990)

Diagnostic tests for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been problematic because current tests do not use a purified antigen and in most cases measure either antibody or antigen, but not both. We describe a Farr-type double-label radioimmunoassay that utilizes purified, serotype-specific, 3H-capsule to measure antibody to capsule directly or that can measure capsule in a sample indirectly by inhibition of antibody binding. The assay could detect about 1 ng of serotype-specific antibody in serum or at least 100 pg of capsule in a sample. Due to the sensitivity of the assay, false-positive results were common with neat sera (probably due to cross-reacting antibodies to unrelated antigens), but the specificity was improved when the sera were diluted 1:100. The radioimmunoassay should prove to be a useful reference method for research and diagnostic testing and for comparison of new assays for detection of capsule or antibodies to capsule.
Performance of submicron CMOS devices and gates with substrate biasing (2002)

This paper reports the results of an extensive simulation to study the effect of body bias engineering on the performance of deep submicron technology circuits. Reverse body bias (RBB) is very useful in reducing a device's off-state leakage current and hence standby power. This reduction is more effective as the temperature increases. Forward body bias (FBB) suppresses short channel effects and hence improves V/sub t/ roll-off and reduces the gate delays. This improvement is enhanced as the power supply voltage decreases. However, the power dissipation and power delay product have increased under this biasing condition. A good strategy is to apply a forward body bias on critical path only to improve speed without significant increase in power dissipation.
Adaptive free space optic system based on visibility detector to overcome atmospheric attenuation (2019)

Free space optics (FSO) provides high data rate by allowing transmission of signal through atmosphere. FSO is affected by different weather conditions. The atmospheric attenuation is caused by two main factors; absorption and scattering. Fog, rain, snow and cloud cause the scattering of optical signals transmitted in free space. Fog is the most critical attenuating factor. In this paper, a new idea to overcome the atmospheric attenuation is discussed using adaptive transmitter and receiver design based on the transmitted power equation that depends on the weather conditions. The obtained results show a huge performance enhancement in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER).
Data-driven fuzzy rule induction and its application to systems monitoring (1999)

This paper presents a novel approach to the development of a modular technique for inducing fuzzy rule sets. It allows for automated, data-driven generation of sets of fuzzy decision rules from historical data, thereby facilitating faster knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based applications. A rough set-based preprocessor is employed to reduce the dimensionality of complex data sets. The facility of this technique is demonstrated by applying it to building a monitoring system for a large urban water treatment plant.
A Reliable Method for Isolation of Viable Porcine Islet Cells (2001)

We have developed a simple, reproducible, and reliable procedure for isolating intact and viable porcine islet cells suitable for xenotransplantation.
Dynamics of IP traffic (1999)

Using the ns-2-simulator to experiment with different aspects of user- or session-behaviors and network configurations and focusing on the qualitative aspects of a wavelet-based scaling analysis, we present a systematic investigation into how and why variability and feedback-control contribute to the intriguing scaling properties observed in actual Internet traces (as our benchmark data, we use measured Internet traffic from an ISP). We illustrate how variability of both user aspects and network environments (i) causes self-similar scaling behavior over large time scales, (ii) determines a more or less pronounced change in scaling behavior around a specific time scale, and (iii) sets the stage for the emergence of surprisingly rich scaling dynamics over small time scales; i.e., multifractal scaling. Moreover, our scaling analyses indicate whether or not open-loop controls such as UDP or closed-loop controls such as TCP impact the local or small-scale behavior of the traffic and how they contribute to the observed multifractal nature of measured Internet traffic. In fact, our findings suggest an initial physical explanation for why measured Internet traffic over small time scales is highly complex and suggest novel ways for detecting and identifying, for example, performance bottlenecks.This paper focuses on the qualitative aspects of a wavelet-based scaling analysis rather than on the quantitative use for which it was originally designed. We demonstrate how the presented techniques can be used for analyzing a wide range of different kinds of network-related measurements in ways that were not previously feasible. We show that scaling analysis has the ability to extract relevant information about the time-scale dynamics of Internet traffic, thereby, we hope, making these techniques available to a larger segment of the networking research community.
Survey of technologies and cost estimates for residential electricity services (2001)

This survey contains a sample of the available technologies for implementing residential electricity services. Brief overviews of several products, along with estimates for their costs are presented. The primary focus is on two services: automated meter reading (AMR), and load management. Cost estimates for other services, including real time pricing, remote connect/disconnect, and automated billing are not separately listed since many of these services are included with AMR and load management systems. This is not a comprehensive review of all available technologies or manufacturers, but is intended to provide a general understanding of the potential for implementation of residential services. The estimation of the costs associated with implementing these technologies should be treated as a general baseline, since actual costs will vary greatly. The lack of a mature market for these products allows for great variances in implementation costs, depending upon implementation sizes, contract lengths, and negotiations and relationships with suppliers. The residential services surveyed here can be implemented by any electricity service provider (ESP), which includes utilities and electricity retailers.
Comparison of Measurements and Predictions for Blowing from a Turbine Blade Tip (2005)

The clearance gap between the tip of a turbine blade and the shroud has an inherent leakage flow from the pressure side to the suction side of the blade. This leakage flow of combustion gas and air mixtures leads to severe heat-transfer rates to the blade tip of the high-pressure turbine. The subject of this paper is the cooling effectiveness levels that result from blowing through two holes placed in the forward region of a blade tip. These holes are referred to as dirt purge holes and are generally required for manufacturing purposes and for expelling dirt from the coolant flow when, for example, operating in sandy environments. A direct comparison of experimentally measured and computationally predicted adiabatic effectiveness levels for different blowing ratios and tip gaps show good agreement for the small tip clearance, but relatively poor agreement for a large tip clearance, which is attributed to an overprediction of the jet separation and attachment phenomena. Results indicate that the cooling effectiveness is highly dependent upon the tip clearance with good cooling achieved at low coolant flows (0.19% of the passage flow) for a small tip clearance. Even at twice the coolant flow (0.38% of the passage flow) the blade tip fo ra large tip clearance appeared to have much less cooling benefit from the dirt purge jets relative to the small tip clearance.
Die Anfänge der kritischen Datierung des Buches Josua (2024)

Au debut du 19 e siecle, W. M. L. de Wette se prononce pour la datation tardive du livre de Josue qui correspond a la periode post-exilique tardive. Il n'a pas ete le premier a etablir un jugement critique sur le temps de la composition du livre. Bien avant lui des pionniers du travail historico-critique avait donne naissance a la theorie de la datation tardive tels que R. Simon et H. S. Reimarus au 17 e siecle ; G. E. Lessing, C. L. Paalzow et N. Freret au 18 e siecle ainsi que J. G. Eichhorn en 1803.
Probiotics: Definition, Sources, Selection, and Uses (2008)

Interest in probiotics is at an all-time high in the United States, driven in part by new products emerging in the market, by US researchers eager to evaluate efficacy claims rigorously, and by consumers interested in potential therapeutic and preventive health benefits. The US marketplace is a mixed bag of products, some well-defined and properly evaluated in controlled clinical studies and others with unsubstantiated claims of efficacy. Validation of probiotic contents in commercial products is needed to ensure consumer confidence. The term "probiotic" should be used only for products that meet the scientific criteria for this term-namely, products that contain an adequate dose of live microbes that have been documented in target-host studies to confer a health benefit. Probiotics must be identified to the level of strain, must be characterized for the specific health target, and must be formulated into products using strains and doses shown to be efficacious. Several characteristics commonly presumed to be essential to probiotics, such as human origin and the ability to improve the balance of the intestinal microbiota, are discussed.
A Laboratory manual for legionella (1988)

Clinical Features of Legionnaires' Disease Culture of Legionella from Clinical Specimens Isolation of Legionellae from Environmental Specimens Phenotypic Characteristics of Legionellae Identification of Legionellae by Serological Methods Confirmation of the Identity of Legionellae by Whole Cell Fatty-Acid and Isoprenoid Quinone Profiles Demonstration of Legionellae in Clinical Specimens The Diagnosis of Legionnaires' Disease by Estimation of Antibody Levels The Application of Nucleic-Acid Probes and Monoclonal Antibodies to the Investigation of Legionella Infections Legionella Strains Available from the NCTC and ATCC Preservation of Legionellae on Glass Beads.
A compositional context sensitive multi-document summarizer (2006)

The usual approach for automatic summarization is sentence extraction, where key sentences from the input documents are selected based on a suite of features. While word frequency often is used as a feature in summarization, its impact on system performance has not been isolated. In this paper, we study the contribution to summarization of three factors related to frequency: content word frequency, composition functions for estimating sentence importance from word frequency, and adjustment of frequency weights based on context. We carry out our analysis using datasets from the Document Understanding Conferences, studying not only the impact of these features on automatic summarizers, but also their role in human summarization. Our research shows that a frequency based summarizer can achieve performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art systems, but only with a good composition function; context sensitivity improves performance and significantly reduces repetition.
Modeling and inferring human trust in automation based on real- time eye tracking data (2020)

Trust miscalibration remains a major challenge for human-machine interaction. It can lead to misuse or disuse of automated systems. To date, most trust research has relied on subjective ratings and behavioral or physiological data to assess trust. Those trust measurements are discrete, disruptive and quite difficult to implement. To better understand the process of trust calibration, we propose eye tracking as an unobtrusive method for inferring trust levels in real time. Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle simulation, participants were exposed to varying levels of reliability of an automated target detection system. Eye movement data were captured and labeled as high or low trust based on subjective trust ratings. Feature extraction and raw eye movement data were compared as input for multiple classification modeling methods. Accuracy rates of 92% and 80%, respectively, were achieved with individual-level and group-level modeling, suggesting that eye tracking is a promising technique for tracing trust levels.
Visual Place Recognition: A Survey (2015)

Visual place recognition is a challenging problem due to the vast range of ways in which the appearance of real-world places can vary. In recent years, improvements in visual sensing capabilities, an ever-increasing focus on long-term mobile robot autonomy, and the ability to draw on state-of-the-art research in other disciplines-particularly recognition in computer vision and animal navigation in neuroscience-have all contributed to significant advances in visual place recognition systems. This paper presents a survey of the visual place recognition research landscape. We start by introducing the concepts behind place recognition-the role of place recognition in the animal kingdom, how a “place” is defined in a robotics context, and the major components of a place recognition system. Long-term robot operations have revealed that changing appearance can be a significant factor in visual place recognition failure; therefore, we discuss how place recognition solutions can implicitly or explicitly account for appearance change within the environment. Finally, we close with a discussion on the future of visual place recognition, in particular with respect to the rapid advances being made in the related fields of deep learning, semantic scene understanding, and video description.
High-Efficient FLPo Deleter Mice in C57BL/6J Background (2009)

Conditional gene manipulation in mice becomes a routine for genetic studies of mammalian gene functions. Additional site-specific recombinases such as FLP or phi31 provide one more level of gene manipulation flexibility. The recombination activity of the currently available FLP deleter mice remains low. We generated a new FLP deleter mouse line with the mouse codon-optimized FLPo gene in C57BJ/6 background, which showed superior recombination efficacy in comparison to FLPe deleter mice. 100% complete removal of FRT-flanked Neo cassette was observed in all F1 progeny mice carrying both FLPo and Neo cassette, which can be transmitted to F2 generation independent of FLPo activity. Our new FLPo transgenic mice (on pure C57BJ/6 background) will largely facilitate the gene targeting process and is valuable for conditional gene manipulation.
Selective stimulation of collagen synthesis in the presence of costimulatory insulin signaling by connective tissue growth factor in scleroderma fibroblasts (2003)

Increased responsiveness of SSc fibroblasts to CTGF-mediated collagen synthesis requires the costimulatory activation of insulin signaling pathways to induce matrix production. Blockade of this effect via rottlerin may suggest that PKC delta is a downstream signaling molecule necessary for CTGF stimulation of collagen synthesis.
An instrument for the immediate quantification of bacteria in potable waters (1985)

A new semiautomated instrument is described which quantifies the number of bacteria in potable waters within 3 min, providing a permanent colorimetric record of the results. The bacteria detection device can measure as few as 100 CFU/ml in potable waters. In brief, a 100- to 1,000-ml sample of tap water is drawn through a large surface, customized filter housed in the device, and bacteria, rust, and humic acid in the water are concentrated thereon. A reducing agent is used to remove the rust and humic acid from the filter. The filter is inverted and backflushed to elute the bacteria which are collected and reconcentrated onto a 7-mm-diameter filter surface. The reconcentrated bacteria are stained, and the filter fibers are preferentially decolorized without removing the dye from the bacteria. The color intensity of the filter surface is compared with a color guide to determine the amount of bacteria in the test water.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State (2005)

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E. coli penetration into the central nervous system in vivo. In the present study, we showed using DNA microarray analysis that E. coli K1 associated with HBMEC expressed significantly higher levels of the fim genes compared to nonassociated bacteria. We also showed that E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of HBMEC were significantly decreased with its fimH deletion mutant and type 1 fimbria locked-off mutant, while they were significantly increased with its type 1 fimbria locked-on mutant. E. coli K1 strains associated with HBMEC were predominantly type 1 fimbria phase-on (i.e., fimbriated) bacteria. Taken together, we showed for the first time that type 1 fimbriae play an important role in E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of HBMEC and that type 1 fimbria phase-on E. coli is the major population interacting with HBMEC.
Novel gas target for use in laser harmonic generation (1993)

A novel gas target was developed for use in laser-atom harmonic-generation experiments. It operates on the principles of free molecular flow rather than those of fluid flow as does a gas jet. This allows much lower gas pressures to be achieved. The device is a small, cylindrical, double-ended hole through which the focused laser beam passes. Gas enters from the middle of the cylindrical wall and quickly disperses as it emerges out the hole openings. As with the gas jet, the purpose of the gas target is to provide a very narrow and localized distribution of gas for laser interaction. Some of the advantages of the target relative to the jet are that it is easier to systematically align to the laser beam and it can operate at much lower pressures. Results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the gas density and flow rate within the target and experimental measurements of the density profile made by imaging the recombination emission are presented herein. It is found that the gas density decreases rapidly once outside the target hole openings along the symmetry axis. The calculations are in good agreement with experimental measurements. The gas target continues to function without serious deviation at pressures up to ten times above the molecular flow range.