gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PLOTTER FOR HIGH OBLIQUE AIR PHOTOGRAPHS (1935)

A machine for plotting maps from high oblique air photographs has been developed under the direction of the Associate Committee for Survey Research. It is designed for use in mapping to the small scales which meet ordinary Canadian requirements, and is not intended to compete with the more elaborate machines now in use for large-scale mapping.A short description of the plotter is given, and is followed by an account of two experiments, in the first of which it was used to produce a contoured map by a method that involved establishing the position of the camera at exposure from control points fixed by ground survey. In the second experiment the planimetry of a typical area in northern Canada was plotted, with no control other than altimeter elevations of the aircraft, and the elevation of a large lake. The time expended on these experiments was recorded, but in view of the experimental nature of the work and the need shown for minor improvements in the machine, these results are not a true measure of the efficiency that may be developed in practical mapping.
Receptor binding and transmission studies of H5N1 influenza virus in mammals (2013)

The H5N1 influenza A virus that is currently circulating in Asia, Africa and Europe has resulted in persistent outbreaks in poultry with sporadic transmission to humans. Thus far, it is believed that H5N1 does not possess sufficient ability for human-to-human transmission and subsequent pandemic infection. Both receptor binding specificity and virus infectivity are key factors in determining whether influenza A virus becomes pandemic. The use of human viral isolates in various studies has helped to illustrate the changes in receptor binding specificity and virulence as a result of adaptation in humans. In this review, we highlight the important amino acids and domains of viral proteins related to receptor binding specificity that have been reported for humans and avians using mammalian models. Thus, this review will consolidate findings from studies that have shed light on the receptor binding and transmission characteristics of the H5N1 influenza virus, with the goal of improving our ability to predict the transmission efficiency or pandemic potential of new viral strains.
Histology and Physiology of Tissue Expansion (1993)

Many soft tissue changes occur during tissue expansion. Most of these changes return to the pre-expansion state over time following discontinuation of the expansion process.
Scheduling and Pre-Conditioning in Multi-User MIMO TDD Systems (2008)

The downlink transmission in multi-user multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has been extensively studied from both communication-theoretic and information-theoretic perspectives. Most of these papers assume perfect/imperfect channel knowledge. In general, the problem of channel estimation is studied separately. However, in interference-limited communication systems with high mobility, the problem of channel estimation is tightly coupled with the problem of maximizing throughput of the system. In this paper, scheduling and preconditioning in the presence of reciprocal time-division duplex (TDD) training are considered. In the case of homogeneous users, a scheduling scheme is proposed and an improved lower bound on the sum capacity is derived. The problem of choosing training sequence length to maximize net throughput of the system is also studied. In the case of heterogeneous users, a modified pre-conditioning method is proposed and an optimized pre-conditioning matrix is derived. This method is combined with a scheduling scheme to further improve achievable weighted-sum rate.
The Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonist Losartan Does Not Prevent Hemodynamic or Vascular Tolerance to Nitroglycerin (1999)

Tolerance may involve increased production of angiotensin II. We tested the hypothesis that losartan would prevent the development of tolerance to continuous transdermal nitroglycerin (GTN). Twenty volunteers received losartan, 75 mg/day, or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, parallel fashion. After 1 week, continuous transdermal GTN, 0.6 mg/h, was given, in addition to losartan or placebo, to all volunteers for 1 week. Standing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured, and forearm venous volume responses to sublingual GTN were evaluated. Measurements were made at baseline, after 1 week of losartan versus placebo, 3 h after initial therapy with transdermal GTN, and after 1 week of continuous transdermal GTN given in combination with losartan versus placebo. After sustained GTN therapy, SBP was unchanged from baseline in both groups, indicating that losartan did not prevent the development of tolerance. Tolerance also developed to the forearm venous volume responses and was not prevented by losartan. Therapy with an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist does not prevent the development of tolerance to continuous transdermal GTN.
Polyvalent H Agglutination as a Rapid Means of Screening Non-lactose-Fermenting Colonies for Salmonella Organisms (1965)

Polyvalent H Agglutination as a Rapid Means of Screening Non-lactose-Fermenting Colonies for Salmonella Organisms Get access J. H. Silliker, Ph.D., J. H. Silliker, Ph.D. Department of Pathology, St. James Hospital, Chicago Heights, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. T. Fagan, M.D., P. T. Fagan, M.D. Department of Pathology, St. James Hospital, Chicago Heights, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Y. Chiu, B. A., J. Y. Chiu, B. A. Department of Pathology, St. James Hospital, Chicago Heights, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Anna Williams, B.S. Anna Williams, B.S. Department of Pathology, St. James Hospital, Chicago Heights, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 43, Issue 6, 1 June 1965, Pages 548–554, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/43.6.548 Published: 01 June 1965 Article history Received: 12 July 1964 Published: 01 June 1965
Multielectrode culture chamber: a device for long-term recording of bioelectric activities in vitro. (1990)

A multi-microelectrode culture chamber system was constructed for monitoring simultaneously morphological and electrophysiological development of neural cells in vitro. The setup consisted of a pattern of gold conductor lines evaporated onto a glass substrate and insulated with polyamide. The width of each electrode was 10 microns, and the distance between the electrodes was 60 microns. The electrode patterns were constructed and the uncovering of the electrode tips were carried out by photo-etching. This system allowed us to record spontaneous activities in both explant- and primary monolayer cultures of either rat or mouse spinal cords and forebrains, during neuronal regeneration and maturation.
Distinguishing Between Depression and Dementia in Older Persons: Neuropsychological and Neuropathological Correlates (2007)

Dementia and depression are frequently comorbid among older adult patients. Depression is related to cognitive decrement and can even represent the first signs of a neurodegenerative process. It can be difficult to distinguish depressed patients exhibiting the first signs of dementia from those whose cognition will improve with treatment. In this article, studies from the neuropsychological literature are reviewed that aid in accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, the relationship between depression and dementia is explored by examining potential neurobiological mechanisms that may potentiate both syndromes in the context of the ongoing debate on depression as a prodrome and/or a risk factor for dementia. This article is concluded with suggestions for clinicians when deciding who to refer for neuropsychological assessment and with ideas for further research that might promote a better understanding of the complex association between depression and dementia during old age.
Robust image classification based on a non-causal hidden Markov Gauss mixture model (2003)

We propose a novel image classification method using a non-causal hidden Markov Gauss mixture model (HMGMM) We apply supervised learning assuming that the observation probability distribution given each class can be estimated using Gauss mixture vector quantization (GMVQ) designed using the generalized Lloyd algorithm with a minimum discrimination information (MDI) distortion. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) hidden states in an Ising model are estimated by a stochastic EM algorithm. We demonstrate that HMGMM obtains better classification than several popular methods, including CART, LVQ, causal HMM, and multiresolution HMM, in terms of Bayes risk and the spatial homogeneity of the classified objects. A heuristic solution for the number of clusters achieves a robust image classification.
MEASUREMENT AND CORRELATION FOR THE SOLUBILITY OF PHENOL IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (2009)

The solubility of phenol in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured under the pressure ranging from 8.5 to 16.0 MPa and the temperature from 373.15 to 398.15 K.The experimental results showed that the solubility of phenol in supercritical CO2 increased with pressure,while the effect of temperature on the solubility of phenol was complicated.To be exact,the solubility increased with temperature when the pressure exceeded the retrograde pressure of 11.0 MPa,while the increasing temperature led to decrease of the phenol solubility when the pressure was below 11.0 MPa.The experimental solubility data were correlated by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the van der Waals mixing rule,and the density-based model proposed by Chrastil,in which the values of the average absolute relative deviation were 9.25% and 6.33%,respectively,indicating the correlation results were fairly good.
A Reinforcement Learning - Adaptive Control Architecture for Morphing (2005)

Thispaperdevelopsacontrolmethodologyformorphing,whichcombinesMachineLearning and Adaptive Dynamic Inversion Control. The morphing control function, which uses Reinforcement Learning, is integrated with the trajectory tracking function, which uses StructuredAdaptiveModelInversionControl.Optimalityisaddressedbycostfunctionsrepresenting optimal shapes corresponding to specified operating conditions, and an episodic Reinforcement Learning simulation is developed to learn the optimal shape change policy. The methodology is demonstrated by a numerical example of a 3-D morphing air vehicle, which simultaneously tracks a specified trajectory and autonomously morphs over a set of shapes corresponding toflight conditions along the trajectory. Results presented in the paper show that this methodology is capable of learning the required shape and morphing into it, and accurately tracking the reference trajectory in the presence of parametric uncertainties and initial error conditions.
Rapid and Highly Efficient Method for Scarless Mutagenesis within the Salmonella enterica Chromosome (2011)

Direct manipulation of bacterial chromosomes by recombination-based techniques has become increasingly important for both cognitive and applied research. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, the combination of the Red recombinase system with I-SceI endonuclease-based selection of successful recombinants after electroporation with short synthetic oligonucleotides. We show the generation of scarless gene knockouts as well as site-directed mutagenesis using the Salmonella virulence-associated two component signaling system PhoPQ. The presented approach is very versatile for generating in-frame deletions, point mutations or insertions within bacterial chromosomes.
Optimal displacement control and image warping architecture for 3D vision system (2014)

In this paper, we propose an optimal displacement control and image warping architecture for 3D vision system. We will discuss the optimal displacement control and image warping architecture for 3D vision system in this section. In order to perform high quality 3D Vision system, we adopt cell-based design flow to perform a circuit architecture that includes the Displacement Control Architecture and the Image Warping Architecture. The first one transforms all depth value into unequal distribution according to the input value of focal plane and the corresponding displacements accords with the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. The second one implements the vivid warping algorithm according to the row pixel data of input image and the corresponding displacement according to its depth value. The experimental results show the proposed architecture performs the optimal displacement control and image warping architecture for 3D vision system.
SD-UNet: Stripping down U-Net for Segmentation of Biomedical Images on Platforms with Low Computational Budgets (2020)

During image segmentation tasks in computer vision, achieving high accuracy performance while requiring fewer computations and faster inference is a big challenge. This is especially important in medical imaging tasks but one metric is usually compromised for the other. To address this problem, this paper presents an extremely fast, small and computationally effective deep neural network called Stripped-Down UNet (SD-UNet), designed for the segmentation of biomedical data on devices with limited computational resources. By making use of depthwise separable convolutions in the entire network, we design a lightweight deep convolutional neural network architecture inspired by the widely adapted U-Net model. In order to recover the expected performance degradation in the process, we introduce a weight standardization algorithm with the group normalization method. We demonstrate that SD-UNet has three major advantages including: (i) smaller model size (23x smaller than U-Net); (ii) 8x fewer parameters; and (iii) faster inference time with a computational complexity lower than 8M floating point operations (FLOPs). Experiments on the benchmark dataset of the Internatioanl Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) challenge for segmentation of neuronal structures in electron microscopic (EM) stacks and the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) challenge brain tumor segmentation (BRATs) dataset show that the proposed model achieves comparable and sometimes better results compared to the current state-of-the-art.
New<i>C</i><sub>2</sub><i><sub>v</sub></i>- and Chiral<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Based on Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Diimine Complexes Bearing 2,6-Diphenyl Aniline Moieties:  Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and First Insight into Polymerization Properties (2001)

Four new 1,4-diaza-2,3-dimethylbutadiene ligands (Ar−NC(CH3)−(H3C)CNAr; Ar: 3a = 2,6-diphenylphenyl; 3b = 2,6-di(4-OCH3-phenyl)phenyl; 3c = 2,6-di(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)phenyl; 3d = 2,6-di(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phenyl) as well as the palladium dichloride complexes 4a−c and methyl monochloride derivatives 5a−c were prepared, and their polymerization behavior was investigated. The corresponding nickel species 6a−c were tested for the insertion polymerization of ethene by in situ reactions of 3a−c with (DME)NiBr2. The ligands are accessible by a three-step procedure. Aryl boronic acids were prepared by Grignard reactions of substituted aryl bromides and were coupled with 2,6-dibromo aniline according to a Suzuki cross-coupling protocol to give the corresponding terphenyl anilines 2a−d. Condensation of 2,3-butanedione with the corresponding aniline afforded the formation of the diimines 3a−d. The corresponding palladium dichloride complexes 4a−c are accessible by reaction with (PhCN)2PdCl2. The structures of 4a−c could be determined by X-ray analysis. While the terphenyl complex 4a adopts a C2v-symmetry, 4c exists in a chiral C2-symmetric coordination geometry, due to the repulsive interactions of the sterically demanding tert-butylphenyl substituents of the aniline moieties. All palladium and nickel complexes are catalysts for the polymerization of ethene. However, the chiral Ni(II) complex 6c shows by far the highest polymerization activity up to 2 × 104 kg(PE) [mol (Ni) h]-1. The polyethenes obtained with the palladium methyl monochloro catalysts activated with Na[(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4B] and the nickel dibromo complexes activated with MAO are linear and show in the case of the Ni(II) derivatives molecular weights up to 4.5 × 106 g mol-1 (Mw/Mn ≈ 2), which can be controlled by addition of hydrogen.
Modernizing JavaServer Pages by Transformation (2005)

One way to improve the maintainability of a web application is to separate its presentation from the business logic. Such separation not only makes a web application easier to evolve and maintain, but also allows individual developers with different skills to cooperate more efficiently. Custom tags are a recent addition to the JSP standard that helps to facilitate this separation. In this paper, we present a transform to restructure JSP pages by moving embedded Java code into custom tags without changing the original functionality or user interface. This reduces the complexity of the web applications, makes them more maintainable and makes best use different skill sets.
Modeling of Alkane Emissions from a Wood Stain (1994)

Full-scale residential house tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of organic emissions from a wood finishing product – wood stain – on indoor air quality (IAQ). The test house concentrations of three alkane species, nonane, decane, and undecane, were measured as a function of time after the application of the wood stain. It was found that the test house concentrations can be simulated by an integrated IAQ model which takes into consideration source, sink and ventilation effects. The alkane emissions were controlled by an evaporation-like process. Data analysis indicated that there were significant sink effects in the test house. Different sink strengths were estimated by the model for the three alkane species. An inverse relationship between the test house sink strength and the alkane volatility was found.
Very low crosstalk 1×2 digital optical switchintegrated with variable optical attenuators (2001)

A novel digital thermo-optic switch based on a polymer waveguide has been demonstrated. The proposed switch consists of a conventional 1×2 digital optical switch and compact variable optical attenuators, with both elements integrated in series. The switches exhibit very low crosstalk values of –42 and –40 dB, and the switching power is ~170 mW at 1.55 µm.
Chemistry and Biochemistry of α‐Lipoic Acid (1965)

Abstract The principal physiological function of lipoic acid appears to be its action as coenzyme in the oxidative decarboxylation of α‐oxo acids. In order to find out whether lipoic acid is essential to higher organisms, structurally modified lipoic acids were prepared as potential antagonists. Only 4‐oxalipoamide promotes the growth of S. faecalis 8043; the other substances tested are inactive or else inhibit growth. In experiments to determine the substrate specificity of lipoamide oxidoreductase and its inhibition by structurally modified lipoic acids, no strong inhibitors were discovered. –; Ring strain, spectra, and ring cleavage of compounds containing the 1, 2‐dithiolane ring are discussed in relation to the biological function and the reactivity of lipoic acid.
Aqueous Self‐Assembly of <scp>L</scp>‐Lysine‐Based Amphiphiles into 1D n‐Type Nanotubes (2011)

Assembly call: The 1D self-assembly of tube-forming NDI–lysine amphiphiles in water is described. Nanotubes formed from an acid or ester give nanotubes with small inner diameters of 4–5 nm, whereas the corresponding amide coils into nanotubes with diameters ranging from 100–200 nm (see TEM images). Spectroscopic measurements indicate the presence of highly ordered, homogeneous structures with significant π–π interactions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Working Forests in the Neotropics (2004)

Neotropical forests sustain a wealth of biodiversity, provide a wide range of ecosystem services and products, and support the livelihoods of millions of people. But is forest management a viable conservation strategy in the tropics? Supporters of sustainable forest management have promoted it as a solution to problems of both biodiversity protection and economic stagnation. Detractors insist that any conservation strategy short of fully protected status is a waste of resources and that forest management actually hastens deforestation. By focusing on a set of critical issues and case studies, this book explores the territory between these positions, highlighting the major factors that contribute to or detract from the chances of achieving forest conservation through sustainable management.
Compacted Ka-Band CMOS Rat-Race Hybrid Using Synthesized Transmission Lines (2007)

This paper presents a compact Ka-band rat-race hybrid using synthesized transmission lines (TLs) so-called complementary-conducting strips transmission line (CCS-TL). The hybrid is realized by two-dimensional (2D) meandered CCS-TLs on silicon substrate with a thickness of 480μm. The first-pass design was fabricated by using CMOS 0.18μm 1P6M technology and characterized by performing on-wafer measurements. The experimental results, which show a good agreement with the theoretical data, demonstrate the viable approach of the on-chip CCS-TLs. The prototype has an isolation of 20dB from 26.0GHz to 36.0GHz. The input reflection-loss of each port is lower than -15dB from 27.0GHz to 39.0GHz. The effective area of the prototype is 600μm by 460μm.
Semi-automatic segmentation of vascular network images using a rotating structuring element (ROSE) with mathematical morphology and dual feature thresholding (1993)

A method for measuring the spatial concentration of specific categories of vessels in a vascular network consisting of vessels of several diameters, lengths, and orientations is demonstrated. It is shown that a combination of the mathematical morphology operation, opening, with a linear rotating structuring element (ROSE) and dual feature thresholding can semi-automatically segment categories of vessels in a vascular network. Capillaries and larger vessels (arterioles and venules) are segmented here in order to assess their spatial concentrations. The ROSE algorithm generates the initial segmentation, and dual feature thresholding provides a means of eliminating the nonedge artifact pixels. The subsequent gray-scale histogram of only the edge pixels yields the correct segmentation threshold value. This image processing strategy is demonstrated on micrographs of vascular casts. By adjusting the structuring element and rotation angles, it could be applied to other network structures where a segmentation by network component categories is advantageous, but where the objects can have any orientation.