gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Jetted Anchor Piles with Widening (1977)

The arrangement of local widenings on the pile shaft is a good way to increase its ability to carry loads. It can be done by many different and well-known methods, but most of them may not be suitable for anchor piles, especially those which are inserted into water-saturated or water-bearing ground.
k-Maxoids Clustering (2015)

We explore the idea of clustering according to extremal rather than to central data points. To this end, we introduce the notion of the maxoid of a data set and present an algorithm for k-maxoids clustering which can be understood as a variant of classical k-means clustering. Exemplary results demonstrate that extremal cluster prototypes are more distinctive and hence more interpretable than central ones.
Lithography focus/exposure control and corrections to improve CDU at post etch step (2014)

As leading edge lithography moves to advanced nodes in high-mix, high-volume manufacturing environment, automated control of critical dimension (CD) within wafer has become a requirement. Current control methods to improve CD uniformity (CDU) generally rely upon the use of field by field exposure corrections via factory automation or through scanner sub-recipe. Such CDU control methods are limited to lithography step and cannot be extended to etch step. In this paper, a new method to improve CDU at post etch step by optimizing exposure at lithography step is introduced. This new solution utilizes GLOBALFOUNDRIES’ factory automation system and KLA-Tencor’s K-T Analyzer as the infrastructure to calculate and feed the necessary field by field level exposure corrections back to scanner, so as to achieve the optimal CDU at post etch step. CD at post lithography and post etch steps are measured by scatterometry metrology tools respectively and are used by K-T Analyzer as the input for correction calculations. This paper will explain in detail the philosophy as well as the methodology behind this novel CDU control solution. In addition, applications and use cases will be reviewed to demonstrate the capability and potential of this solution. The feasibility of adopting this solution in high-mix, high-volume manufacturing environment will be discussed as well.
Inhibitory action of C22-fatty acids on DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases (2006)

We reported previously that unsaturated linear-chain fatty acids of the cis-configuration with a C18-hydrocarbon chain such as linoleic acid (cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, C18:2) could potently inhibit the activity of mammalian DNA polymerases (Biochim Biophys Acta 1308: 256-262, 1996). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of cis-type C22-fatty acids including cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) on mammalian DNA polymerases and human DNA topoisomerases. Cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid (C22:2) was the strongest inhibitor of both DNA polymerases and topoisomerases of all C22-fatty acids tested. The inhibitory tendency by the fatty acids on DNA polymerases was the same as that of DNA topoisomerases, and the second strongest inhibitor was cis-13,16,19-docosatrienoic acid (C22:3). The energy-minimized three-dimensional structures of the fatty acids were calculated and it was found that a length of 19-21 Angstrom and width of more than 7 Angstrom in C22-fatty acid structure were important for enzyme inhibition. The three-dimensional structure of the active site of both DNA polymerases and topoisomerases must have a pocket to join C22:2, and this pocket was 19.41 Angstrom long and 9.58 Angstrom wide.
Antagonistic Functions of Dishevelleds Regulate Frizzled3 Endocytosis via Filopodia Tips in Wnt-Mediated Growth Cone Guidance (2013)

How growth cones detect small concentration differences of guidance cues for correct steering remains a long-standing puzzle. Commissural axons engage planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling components to turn anteriorly in a Wnt gradient after midline crossing. We found here that Frizzled3, a Wnt receptor, undergoes endocytosis via filopodia tips. Wnt5a increases Frizzled3 endocytosis, which correlates with filopodia elongation. We discovered an unexpected antagonism between Dishevelleds, which may function as a signal amplification mechanism in filopodia where PCP signaling is activated: Dishevelled2 blocks Dishevelled1-induced Frizzled3 hyperphosphorylation and membrane accumulation. A key component of apical-basal polarity (A-BP) signaling, aPKC, also inhibits Dishevelled1-induced Frizzled3 hyperphosphorylation. Celsr3, another PCP component, is required in commissural neurons for anterior turning. Frizzled3 hyperphosphorylation is increased in Celsr3 mutant mice, where PCP signaling is impaired, suggesting Frizzled3 hyperphosphorylation does correlate with loss of PCP signaling in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the small GTPase, Arf6, which is required for Frizzled3 endocytosis, is essential for Wnt-promoted outgrowth, highlighting the importance of Frizzled3 recycling in PCP signaling in growth cone guidance. In a Wnt5a gradient, more Frizzled3 endocytosis and activation of atypical protein kinase C was observed on the side of growth cones facing higher Wnt5a concentration, suggesting that spatially controlled Frizzled3 endocytosis is part of the key mechanism for growth cone steering.
Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Features–A Theoretically Consistent Approach (2015)

In this work, we consider the problem of feature enhancement for noise-robust automatic speech recognition (ASR). We propose a method for minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimation of mel-frequency cepstral features, which is based on a minimum number of well-established, theoretically consistent statistical assumptions. More specifically, the method belongs to the class of methods relying on the statistical framework proposed in Ephraim and Malah's original work (“Speech enhancement using a minimum mean-square error short-time spectral amplitude estimator,” IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., vol. ASSP-32, no. 6, 1984). The method is general in that it allows MMSE estimation of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC's), cepstral-mean subtracted (CMS-) MFCC's, autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA)-filtered CMS-MFCC's, velocity, and acceleration coefficients. In addition, the method is easily modified to take into account other compressive non-linearities than the logarithm traditionally used for MFCC computation. In terms of MFCC estimation performance, as measured by MFCC mean-square error, the proposed method shows performance which is identical to or better than other state-of-the-art methods. In terms of ASR performance, no statistical difference could be found between the proposed method and the state-of-the-art methods. We conclude that existing state-of-the-art MFCC feature enhancement algorithms within this class of algorithms, while theoretically suboptimal or based on theoretically inconsistent assumptions, perform close to optimally in the MMSE sense.
Embedding Successful Pedagogical Practices: Assessment Strategies for a Large, Diverse, First Year Student Cohort (2007)

This paper argues that the transition to first year in a diverse, multi-campus, multimodal university provides significant difficulty and disorientation for school leavers and mature age and international students. Consequently, curriculum design for first year students requires an awareness of the need to provide commencing students with a framework for meeting the requirements of the academic environment. This paper illustrates how the successful practice of teaching first year students addresses the learning issues and needs of first year university students through the use of scaffolding and developmental assessment.The case study is from a first year Faculty of Business core course at the University of Southern Queensland in Australia. It provides a range of examples of successful pedagogical practices, including examples of scaffolding and developmental assessment embedded within the course materials to support and meet student needs. The strategies to embed these support mechanisms included spreading the assessment across the semester using two assignments and a final examination. In the second assignment of the course we utilise an incremental research and assignment process that includes an exercise to deconstruct the assignment question, a short annotated bibliography, the concept mapping of the assignment argument and the assessment of a supplied essay before the writing and submission of the student’s final essay. As a result of these curriculum changes, we argue that preliminary indications are an improvement in both student assignment performance and student retention.
Polydentate ketal coronands containing 2,6-pyridino and/or 6,6'-(2,2'-bipyridino) subunits: synthesis, characterization, structural aspects, and conformational changes upon complexation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolydentate ketal coronands containing 2,6-pyridino and/or 6,6'-(2,2'-bipyridino) subunits: synthesis, characterization, structural aspects, and conformational changes upon complexationGeorge R. Newkome, Hellen C. R. Taylor, Frank R. Fronczek, and Vinod K. GuptaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 7, 970–974Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00357a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00357a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
TF-YOLO: An Improved Incremental Network for Real-Time Object Detection (2019)

In recent years, significant advances have been gained in visual detection, and an abundance of outstanding models have been proposed. However, state-of-the-art object detection networks have some inefficiencies in detecting small targets. They commonly fail to run on portable devices or embedded systems due to their high complexity. In this workpaper, a real-time object detection model, termed as Tiny Fast You Only Look Once (TF-YOLO), is developed to implement in an embedded system. Firstly, the k-means++ algorithm is applied to cluster the dataset, which contributes to more excellent priori boxes of the targets. Secondly, inspired by the multi-scale prediction idea in the Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) algorithm, the framework in YOLOv3 is effectively improved and optimized, by three scales to detect the earlier extracted features. In this way, the modified network is sensitive for small targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TF-YOLO method is a smaller, faster and more efficient network model increasing the performance of end-to-end training and real-time object detection for a variety of devices.
Light-in-the-loop: using a photonics co-processor for scalable training of neural networks (2020)

As neural networks grow larger and more complex and data-hungry, training costs are skyrocketing. Especially when lifelong learning is necessary, such as in recommender systems or self-driving cars, this might soon become unsustainable. In this study, we present the first optical co-processor able to accelerate the training phase of digitally-implemented neural networks. We rely on direct feedback alignment as an alternative to backpropagation, and perform the error projection step optically. Leveraging the optical random projections delivered by our co-processor, we demonstrate its use to train a neural network for handwritten digits recognition.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. (1998)

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a condition of unknown etiology, characterized by a persistent debilitating fatigue, the muscle-related symptoms and the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Recently, it has been reported that the patients with CFS might have impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and suggested that a part of the patho-genesis of CFS might be associated with abnormalities of the endocrine system. Herein, we show that the majority of Japanese patients with CFS had a serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) deficiency. Serum DHEA-S is one of the most abundantly produced hormones which is secreted from the adrenal glands, and its physiological function is thought to be a precursor of sex steroids. DHEA-S has recently been shown to have physiological properties, such as neurosteroids, which are associated with such psychophysiological phenomena as memory, stress, anxiety, sleep and depression. Therefore, the deficiency of DHEA-S might be related to the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with CFS.
Guide for protein fold change and <i>p</i> -value calculation for non-experts in proteomics (2020)

Proteomics studies generate tables with thousands of entries. A significant component of being a proteomics scientist is the ability to process these tables to identify regulated proteins. Many bioinformatics tools are freely available for the community, some of which within reach for scientists with limited or no background in programming and statistics. However, proteomics has become popular in most other biological and biomedical disciplines, resulting in more and more studies where data processing is delegated to specialists that are not lead authors of the scientific project. This creates a risk or at least a limiting factor, as the biological interpretation of a dataset is contingent of a third-party specialist transforming data without the input of the project leader. We acknowledge in advance that dedicated scripts and software have a higher level of sophistication; but we hereby claim that the approach we describe makes proteomics data processing immediately accessible to every scientist. In this paper, we describe key steps of the typical data transformation, normalization and statistics in proteomics data analysis using a simple spreadsheet. This manuscript aims to demonstrate to those who are not familiar with the math and statistics behind these workflows that a proteomics dataset can be processed, simplified and interpreted in software like Microsoft Excel. With this, we aim to reach the community of non-specialists in proteomics to find a common language and illustrate the basic steps of -omics data processing.
Connections between markets and learning (2010)

We provide an overview of recent research exploring the striking mathematical connections that exist between market maker mechanisms for prediction markets and no-regret learning. We describe how these connections can be used in the design of efficient prediction markets over combinatorial outcome spaces.
Cross-talk immune VLSI design using a network of PLAs embedded in a regular layout fabric (2000)

We present a VLSI design methodology to address the cross-talk problem, which is becoming increasingly important in Deep Sub-Micron (DSM) IC design. In our approach, we implement the logic netlist in the form of a network of medium sized PLAs. We utilize two regular layout fabrics in our methodology, one for areas where PLA logic is implemented, and another for routing regions between such logic blocks. We show that a single PLA implemented in the first fabric style is not only cross-talk immune, but also about 2/spl times/ smaller and faster than a traditional standard cell based implementation of the same logic. The second fabric, utilized in the routing region between individual PLAs, is also highly cross-talk immune. Additionally, in this fabric, power and ground signals are essentially pre-routed all over the die. Our synthesis flow involves decomposing the design into a network of PLAs, each of which has a bounded width and height. The number of inputs and outputs of each PLA are flexible as long as the resulting PLA width is bounded. We perform folding of PLAs to achieve better logic density. Routing is performed using 2,3,4,5 and 6 routing layers. State-of-the-art commercial routing tools are utilized for the experiments involving the use of 3,4,5 and 6 routing layers. We have implemented the entire design flow using these ideas. Our scheme results in a reduction in the cross-talk between signal wires of between one and two orders of magnitude. As a result, for a 0.1 /spl mu/m process, the delay variation due to cross-talk dramatically drops from 2.47:1 to 1.02:1. Additionally, our methodology results in circuits that are extremely fast and dense, with a timing improvement of about 15% and an overall area penalty of about 3% compared to standard cells. The regular arrangement of metal conductors in our scheme results in low and highly predictable inductive and capacitive parasitics, resulting in highly predictable designs. The crosstalk immunity, high speed, low area overhead and high predictability of our methodology indicate that it is a strong candidate as the preferred design methodology in the DSM era.
Rotary scanning equalization radiography: An efficient geometry for equalization mammography (1994)

The detection of cancer in the radiographically dense breast is problematic, since the breast will produce a range of exposure that exceeds the useful dynamic range of high contrast film-screen combinations. It has been shown previously that mammographic scanning equalization radiography (MSER) can be used to overcome the latitude limitations of film-screen mammography. However, the tube loading of MSER is orders of magnitude greater than conventional mammography. A new rotary geometry for equalization radiography is proposed, in which the image receptor is exposed by repeated scans of a modulated slot beam, oriented at a variety of scanning angles with respect to the object. The superposition of the exposure from appropriately modulated, rotated slot beams produces an entrance exposure that will effectively equalize the film exposure. The principle advantages of this geometry is its simplicity and reduced tube loading. To determine the effectiveness and feasibility of RSER the effect of conventional, MSER, and RSER have been numerically simulated on the appearance of clinical mammograms, the relative heat loading, and the fraction of the breast imaged with high contrast are calculated. It is found that RSER produces images that are free of artefacts, and exhibit a similar degree of equalization, as found in MSER images. RSER accomplishes this with only four scanning angles, and a beam that is approximately 4 cm wide. The resulting tube loading is only three times greater than that found in conventional imaging. Numerical simulations indicate that RSER is a simple, feasible means of overcoming the latitude limitations of film-screen mammography.
Ti/Al/Ti/Ni/Au ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with improved surface morphology and low contact resistance (2014)

Optimizing surface morphology of ohmic contacts on GaN high electron mobility transistors continues to be a challenge in the GaN electronics industry. In this study, a variety of metal schemes were tested under various annealing conditions to obtain contacts with optimal qualities. A Ti/Al/Ti/Ni/Au (20/120/40/60/50 nm) metal scheme demonstrated the lowest contact resistance (Rc) and a smooth surface morphology, and the mechanisms were investigated by materials analysis. A Ti/Al/Ti/Ni/Au metal scheme with optimized Ti and Ni thicknesses can result in formation of a larger proportion of Al-Ni intermetallics and a continuous TiN interlayer, which results in smooth surface and low Rc.
Unstable Nucleotide Repeat Minireview Series: A Molecular Biography of Unstable Repeat Disorders (2008)

Expansion of an unstable nucleotide repeat is a mutational mechanism that is apparently unique to humans and is known to cause a variety of neurological disorders. This collection of minireviews examines several of these unstable repeats, focusing on those where there is considerable molecular information on how the mutation alters function.
Tone and affixation in Hausa (1986)

In terms of their tonal behavior, Hausa affixes can be divided into two types. Tone integrating affixes (TIA's), all of which are suffixes, spread their tone(s) over the stem to which they are attached, overriding lexical stem tone in the process. Tonal assignment takes place in a regular right-to-left manner. Tone non-integrating affixes (TNI's) do not affect stem tone, the tone of resultant words simply being the sum of the parts. Most inflectional and derivational suffixes in Hausa, e.g. noun plurals and verbal grades, are tone integrating. Tone non-integrating affixes include a few suffixes, e.g. :waa "participial" and -aa "feminine", and the prefixes ba- "ethnonymic" and ma- "agential/instrumental/locational". Stems in Hausa typically drop their final vowel when a TIA is added; with most, but not all, TNI's, the stem-final vowel is retained.
Simvastatin protects auditory hair cells from gentamicin-induced toxicity and activates Akt signaling in vitro (2011)

These results suggest a neuroprotective effect of statins in the inner ear, mediated by reduced 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase metabolism and Akt activation.
Temporal variations of CO2 concentration near land surface and its response to meteorological variables in Heihe River Basin, northwest China. (2006)

Atmospheric CO2 concentration (CC) near land surface and meteorological variables have been measured at four sites, named Yeniugou (alpine meadow and permafrost), Xishui (mountainous forest), Linze (oasis edge) and Ejina (lower desert), respectively, in Heihe River Basin, northwest China. The results showed that, the half hourly CC at night was larger than in daytime, and the daily averaged CC was the largest in winter. The averaged CC of 932 d at the Linze was about 418 ppm, was about 366 ppm in the 762 d at the Ejina. In the same period from September 23 to November 9, 2004, the averaged CC was about 625, 334, 436 and 353 ppm, at Yeniugou, Xishui, Linze and Ejina, respectively. The linear relationship between daily averaged CC and air temperature T was negative, between CC and relative humidity (RH) was positive. The linear CC-atmospheric pressure (AP) relationship was negative at the Linze and Yeniugou, was positive at the Ejina. The relationship between CC and global radiation R was exponent, and soil temperature Ts was negative linear, and soil water content was complex. The correlation between CC and wind speed was not existent. Using meteorological variables together to simulate CC, could give good results.
Control of Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguide profile and propagation characteristics by the proton exchange of lithium Ions (1987)

There has recently been considerable Interest in sensors and waveguide devices fabricated on Z-propagating LiNbO3.1,2 Resistance to optical damage, refractive-index symmetry, and the ability to fabricate simple TE/TM converter device structures have contributed to the development. As with any propagation direction it is important to be able to tune simply the waveguide characteristics to a desired wavelength or effective Index and form buried symmetric waveguide profiles for fiber coupling.