gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Dihydropyridines. II. The Photochemical Disproportionation of 4-(2'-Nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Dihydropyridines. II. The Photochemical Disproportionation of 4-(2'-Nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines1Jerome A. Berson and Earlene BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 2, 447–450Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01607a067Request reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (493 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time Stamp-Based Algorithm for Task Scheduling in a Distributed Computing System with Multiple Master Multiple Slave Architecture (2011)

Distributed computing provides solution to fundamental requirement of high computational capacity for numerous complex problems in the fields of quantum physics, weather forecasting, and molecular biology. This computational ability is the result of combining computation capacity of multiple nodes together in a distributed computing system. The initialization and maintenance of the whole structure and load scheduling are the primary tasks to be accomplished for successful results. In this paper, we propose a timestamp-based algorithm for task scheduling in a DCS with Multiple Master Multiple Slaves (MMMS) architecture. This algorithm provides a practical and optimized way of task scheduling while maintaining scalability, fault-tolerance, network structure and high efficiency. Towards the end of this paper, we have shown the performance analysis of task scheduling for patronizing our claims about the load balancing achieved in the system.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (1999)

In the 1990s, it is difficult to open a newspaper or watch television and not find someone claiming that magnets promote healing. Rarely do these claims stem from double-blind, peer-reviewed studies, making it difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff. The current fads resemble those at the end of the last century, when many were falsely touting the benefits of direct electrical and weak magnetic stimulation. Yet in the midst of this popular interest in magnetic therapy, a new neuroscience field has developed that uses powerful magnetic fields to alter brain activity--transcranial magnetic stimulation. This review examines the basic principles underlying transcranial magnetic stimulation, and describes how it differs from electrical stimulation or other uses of magnets. Initial studies in this field are critically summarized, particularly as they pertain to the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising new research and, perhaps, therapeutic tool, but more work remains before it can be fully integrated in psychiatry's diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium.
Recover VOCs via adsorption on activated carbon (1993)

One of the most effective methods of controlling emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is also one of the most economical--adsorption, usually using activated carbon as the adsorbent. This process is cost-effective because it is typically able to recover many VOCs for reuse. A particularly common application of carbon adsorption for VOC control is solvent recovery. In general, solvent recovery via carbon adsorption is a logical consideration for any industrial process exhausting sizable quantities of valuable solvent (subject, of course, to the solvent's suitability for adsorption by activated carbon, as discussed later). The most commonly recovered solvents include toluene; heptane; hexane; carbon tetrachloride; acetone; ethyl acetate; methyl ethyl ketone(MEK); naphthalene; and methylene chloride. Many other solvents are also suitable for recovery by carbon adsorption. A recent CEP article discussed the basics of carbon adsorption and application of the technology to water and wastewater treatment. This article takes an in-depth look at the use of activated carbon adsorption of the control of airborne VOC emissions and solvent recovery. It outlines how to decide if carbon adsorption is suitable for an application and then explains how to implement the technology.
The negative regulators Foxj1 and Foxo3a are up‐regulated by a peptide that inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus‐associated T cell responses (2006)

A peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an anti-DNA antibody ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in induced and spontaneous lupus models. Our objectives were to determine the effects of hCDR1 on TCR signaling and on its negative regulators, Foxj1 and Foxo3a. BALB/c mice were immunized with the SLE-inducing anti-DNA antibody, designated 16/6Id, and treated with hCDR1. hCDR1 treatment specifically inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by T cells in association with down-regulated T-bet expression and NF-kappaB activation; however, GATA-3 expression was not affected. Furthermore, TCR signaling (ZAP-70 phosphorylation) was inhibited, and the mRNA expression of the two modulators of Th1 activation, Foxj1 and Foxo3a, was significantly up-regulated. The latter were also elevated in SLE-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 mice that were treated with hCDR1. Addition of TGF-beta, which was elevated following treatment with hCDR1, to T cells from 16/6Id immunized mice, up-regulated Foxj1 and Foxo3a mRNA expression, similarly to hCDR1. In contrast, anti-TGF-beta antibodies added to hCDR1-treated T cells abrogated its effect. Thus, hCDR1 elevates TGF-beta, which contributes to the up-regulation of T cell Foxj1 and Foxo3a expression, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and IFN-gamma secretion, which is required for the maintenance of SLE.
The Mucopolysaccharide Content of the Skin in Localized (Pretibial) Myxedema (1947)

Journal Article The Mucopolysaccharide Content of the Skin in Localized (Pretibial) Myxedema Get access E. M. Watson, M.D, E. M. Watson, M.D From the Department of Pathological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Meek Memorial Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. H. Pearce, B.S. R. H. Pearce, B.S. From the Department of Pathological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Meek Memorial Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 17, Issue 7, 1 July 1947, Pages 507–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/17.7.507 Published: 01 July 1947 Article history Received: 02 April 1947 Published: 01 July 1947
A Low-Voltage 5-GHz Downconversion Mixer Employing A Second Harmonic Injection Linearization Technique (2007)

In this paper, a low-voltage CMOS mixer topology, appropriate for operation in the 5-GHz frequency band, is presented. The mixer combines several design techniques in order to achieve high linearity performance with minimum current consumption in a restricted 1-V supply. The proposed mixer utilizes an integrated transformer to improve the high frequency performance and to achieve large LO to RF isolation. In addition, a novel linearization technique based on second harmonic injection, is introduced to optimize linearity performance. The design is being implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology.
How do we engage with activity trackers? (2015)

We report on a 10-month in-the-wild study of the adoption, engagement and discontinuation of an activity tracker called Habito, by a sample of 256 users who installed the tracker on their own volition. We found 'readiness' to behavior change to be a strong predictor of adoption (which ranged from 56% to 20%). Among adopters, only a third updated their daily goal, which in turn impacted their physical activity levels. The use of the tracker was dominated by glances -- brief, 5-sec sessions where users called the app to check their current activity levels with no further interaction, while users displayed true lack of interest in historical data. Textual feedback proved highly effective in fueling further engagement with the tracker as well as inducing physical activity. We propose three directions for design: designing for different levels of 'readiness', designing for multilayered and playful goal setting, and designing for sustained engagement.
Circuit Analysis of Stray Voltage Sources and Solutions (1982)

ABSTRACT STRAY voltage sources are analyzed by describing the appropriate circuit, introducing the electrical characteristics and solving for the resulting neutral-to-earth voltage. Results of the interactions of the various sources on the net neutral-to-earth voltage are discussed. Guidelines for diagnostic procedures and interpretation of the resulting measurements are presented. Solutions to stray voltage problems are divided into three basic categories and discussed individually.
A keyvowel approach to the synthesis of regional accents of English (1997)

Most English text-to-speech synthesisers offer one of only two accents: General American or RP.Developing a new accent is laborious, since it is not possible to choose one accent as a base form and systematically translate to others.We use the approach of Wells ([1]), categorising vowels in terms of abstract keywords that encode classes of words.Thus it is unnecessary to use a phonemic transcription in either the development or the execution of a synthesiser.The "keyvowel" system can be used throughout the synthesis system, avoiding the need to make accent-specific changes manually.The same linguistic resources can be re-used for each new accent.More fundamentally, the keyvowel system functions as a meta-accent that subsumes vowel-related information in all accents of English.
Analysis of Frequency- and Temperature-Dependent Substrate Eddy Currents in On-Chip Spiral Inductors Using the Complex Image Method (2007)

Using the complex image method (CIM), we have analyzed the frequency and temperature dependencies of substrate eddy currents for single-ended and differential spiral inductors on a lossy silicon substrate. From our analysis, we have derived a set of accurate closed-form expressions for calculating inductances and substrate losses due to substrate eddy currents. Here, we propose a frequency-dependent eleven-element equivalent circuit model based on these formulas. We established the validity of the model by comparing the simulated and measured results, which are in good agreement.
High-level representations of temporary traffic states using hasse graph and temporal change map under a grid-based site model (2005)

High-level representation of temporary traffic states is very crucial for intelligent traffic management applications, but a challenging task due to the complexity of the traffic states. In this paper, we present theoretically a high-level representation of temporary regional traffic states using Hasse graph and temporal change map under a grid-based site model. We first model the region within the monitoring range of the camera as an uncovered house and express it with a set of 4-tuples. Then we formulate a partial ordered relation with grid coordinates of the extracted objects in a specific site from which a Hasse graph is yielded. On the timeline, difference between two consecutive Hasse graphs makes a variable temporal change map. All temporary traffic states can be categorized into two types: one is the motion of a single object, represented simply with the Hasse graph of its location and the temporal change map; the other is the set of grouped patterns of all the extracted object, or the Hasse graph of the neighboring objects. With this representation and the fuzzy concept of neighborhood, key traffic states like collision and secure distance can be distinguished and determined using appropriate motion prediction based on the previous measurement to manipulate the undesirable cases on time.
A high-valent ruthenium(VI) dioxo cation of 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (1985)

A high-valent trans-[Ru(TMC)O2]2+ (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) cation has been produced from trans-[Ru(TMC)Cl2]+ through H2O2 oxidation. This novel diamagnetic ruthenium(VI) dioxo species has been subjected to detailed spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization. The UV-vis absorption spectra of trans-[Ru(TMC)O2]2+ and the previously reported trans-[Ru(NH3)4O2]2+ exhibit a weak vibronic structured absorption band at ∼390 nm. Cyclic voltammetric and controlled-potential coulometric experiments showed that the reduction of trans-[Ru(TMC)O2]2+ to trans-[Ru(TMC)O-(H2O)]2+ proceeded by a single-step two-electron-transfer process. © 1985 American Chemical Society.
Time reversal by an interferometer with coupled phase-conjugate reflectors (1985)

A new type of interferometer has been constructed that uses a beam splitter and two self-pumped BaTiO(3) crystals as phase-conjugate reflectors in place of the usual interferometer mirrors. Counterpropagating beams of light are spontaneously generated between the two crystals, coupling the pair of phase conjugators. This optical oscillation locks the relative phase of the two phase-conjugate reflections such that they recombine at the beam splitter to form only a single beam as though they were truly time-reversed waves.
An Effective, Low-cost Method for Achieving and Maintaining Hypoxia During Cell Culture Studies (2015)

Here we report a simple new method for exposing cells to normoxic and hypoxic conditions using vacuum bags, normally employed for food storage, to establish and maintain low oxygen levels in vitro. Vacuum bags were gassed with a mixture containing specified levels of oxygen, then sealed, creating a hypoxic microenvironment for cells cultured in flasks placed therein. Oxygen levels in the gas mixture and culture medium in flasks inside the sealed bags equilibrated after two hours of incubation. The vacuum bags maintained low oxygen levels (either <2% or 5%) in medium for at least 4 days. Human fetal astrocytes grew normally in flasks for at least 4 days in a 5% oxygen/ 5% CO2/ 90% nitrogen atmosphere, but viability decreased at <2% oxygen. Vacuum bags can accommodate varying oxygen levels that would otherwise require systems with separate chambers or modules, but are less useful when repeated experimental manipulations of individual cultures are required.
A fast, efficient approach to implementing SRDF techniques (2000)

Superresolution direction finding (SRDF) involves estimating the directions of arrival of multiple signals, generally utilising a multi-channel receiver and a suitable antenna array. A principal advantage of SRDF techniques is their ability to resolve two or more signals impinging on the array when their angular separation is less than the its natural beamwidth. This paper has addressed the efficient implementation of weighted spectrum type SRDF techniques. It has been shown that the Newton-Raphson root-finding technique can be applied to this problem. Moreover, when applied to weighted spectrum type methods, it provides a fast, accurate, computationally efficient peak-finding approach. This has been validated using both simulated data and real data collected in the HF band.
Behavioral modeling of RF and microwave circuit blocks for hierarchical simulation of modern transceivers (2005)

The development of simulation and macro-modeling techniques for RF and microwave communication systems has been a high priority research subject for several years. If one observed this last years an impressive improvement of simulation tools performances, the full chip simulation of modern TX-RX chains remains a real stumbling block, as the transistor count has considerably increased. This paper discusses the hierarchical RF simulation issue using the same harmonic balance or envelope transient simulation engine for both transistor level description and circuit block macro-models. This method can reduce the size of the problem to enable accurate and fast simulation of large size circuits. The concept requires however to develop macro-modeling techniques taking into account impedance mismatch effects, which are discussed here.
History of Gestational Diabetes, Insulin Resistance and Coronary Risk (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine characteristics associated with the insulin metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and elevated blood pressure, among women who have experienced gestational diabetes. 39 nondiabetic, young (20-42 years), postpartum (3-18 months) white women were recruited from obstetrical clinics. Twenty-one women had a history of gestational diabetes; 18 had uncomplicated pregnancies. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant difference between groups in insulin resistance (M, measured by euglycemic clamp) and insulin levels (from an oral glucose tolerance test), with insulin resistance showing a statistically stronger difference than insulin levels. Groups also differed significantly when compared on a set of variables associated with insulin metabolic syndrome: glucose tolerance, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body-mass index. Using insulin resistance as a covariate eliminated these group differences, suggesting that insulin resistance is the key factor underlying insulin metabolic syndrome. The higher risk of later developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension in women who have a history of gestational diabetes is explicable by their poorer profile on variables associated with insulin metabolic syndrome, and appears to be attributable to insulin resistance. Thus, insulin resistance appears to distinguish young women at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Transcutaneous antigen delivery system (2013)

Transcutaneous immunization refers to the topical application of antigens onto the epidermis. Transcutaneous immunization targeting the Langerhans cells of the skin has received much attention due to its safe, needle-free, and noninvasive antigen delivery. The skin has important immunological functions with unique roles for antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. In recent years, novel vaccine delivery strategies have continually been developed; however, transcutaneous immunization has not yet been fully exploited due to the penetration barrier represented by the stratum corneum, which inhibits the transport of antigens and adjuvants. Herein we review recent achievements in transcutaneous immunization, focusing on the various strategies for the enhancement of antigen delivery and vaccination efficacy.
Wide Gap Braze Repair of Gas Turbine Blades and Vanes—A Review (2011)

Gas turbine blades and vanes in modern gas turbines are subjected to an extremely hostile environment. As such, sophisticated airfoil designs and advanced materials have been developed to meet stringent demands and at the same time, ensure increased performance. Despite the evolution of long-life airfoils, damage still occurs during service thus limiting the useful life of these components. Effective repair of after-service components provides life-cycle cost reduction of engines, and as well, contributes to the preservation of rare elements heavily used in modern superalloys. Among these methods developed in the last four decades for the refurbishment and joining of superalloy components, wide gap brazing (WGB) technology has been increasingly used in the field owing to its ability to repair difficult to weld alloys, to build up substantially damaged areas in one operation, and to provide unlimited compositional choices to enhance the properties of the repaired region. In this paper, the historical development of wide gap repair technology currently used in industry is reviewed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of different WGB joints are compared and discussed. Subsequently, different WGB processes employed at major OEMs are summarized. To conclude this review, future developments in WGB repair of newer generations of superalloys are explored.
Reusing invariants (1998)

Correlated queries are very common and important in decision support systems. Traditional nested iteration evaluation methods for such queries can be very time consuming. When they apply, query rewriting techniques have been shown to be much more efficient. But query rewriting is not always possible. When query rewriting does not apply, can we do something better than the traditional nested iteration methods? In this paper, we propose a new invariant technique to evaluate correlated queries efficiently. The basic idea is to recognize the part of the subquery that is not related to the outer references and cache the result of that part after its first execution. Later, we can reuse the result and combine it with the result of the rest of the subquery that is changing for each iteration. Our technique applies to arbitrary correlated subqueries. This paper introduces algorithms to recognize the invariant part of a data flow tree, and to restructure the evaluation plan to reuse the stored intermediate result. We also propose an efficient method to teach an existing join optimizer to understand the invariant feature and thus allow it to be able to generate better join plans in the new context. Some other related optimization techniques are also discussed. The proposed techniques were implemented within three months on an existing real commercial database system. We also experimentally evaluate our proposed technique. Our evaluation indicates that, when query rewriting is not possible, the invariant technique is significantly better than the traditional nested iteration method. Even when query rewriting applies, the invariant technique is sometimes better than the query rewriting technique. Our conclusion is that the invariant technique should be considered as one of the alternatives in evaluating correlated queries since it fills the gap left by rewriting techniques.