gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Properties of Crude Oil Residual Fractions Using Chemometrics (2007)

Knowledge of certain properties of a crude oil such as saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) contents, Conradson carbon residue (CCR), ultimate analysis (CHNS), density, and molecular weight (MW) is useful for the characterization of the oil. Multivariate statistics combined with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be a powerful tool to rapidly and accurately predict these properties. Twenty-two crude oil fractions, from Alaska North Slope (ANS), the western United States (Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming), and Venezuela were used in this study. Eleven of these samples were C25+ residual fractions while the rest were C12+ residual fractions. The objective was to develop chemometric prediction models to predict the properties of unknown fractions using a single NIR spectrum. The SARA components (HPLC), molecular weights, densities, hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios, weight percent (wt %) nitrogen, weight percent sulfur (from CHNS analysis), and weight percent Conradson carbon residue (CCR) were measured. The NIR spectra for these fractions were obtained at 20 °C. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) techniques were used to analyze and correlate the spectra to the measured properties. Linear correlations with R2 values greater than 0.99 were obtained for all properties studied. The uncertainty in experimental measurements for all the properties studied was comparable with the uncertainty in predictions by the models of the respective property. Furthermore, the models were tested using samples that did not belong to the calibration set. The properties predicted for these samples were within the range described by the experimental error for the respective property.
Weltrisikogesellschaft, ökologische Krise und Technologiepolitik (1999)

Die sozialwissenschaftliche und politische Debatte um die Theorie der Risikogesellschaft hat mehr als zehn Jahre danach viele dunkle Seiten aufgedeckt und Facetten dazugewonnen, und zwar nicht nur im deutschsprachigen, auch im angelsächsischen Raum. Ich möchte in diesem Aufsatz meine Argumentation vor dem Hintergrund dieser Debatte zwischenbilanzieren und dabei die Fragen einer Soziologie der Technik und der Technikpolitik in den Blickpunkt stellen. Die Frage, was meint und wo beginnt die Risikogesellschaft, läßt sich von drei Ansatzpunkten her beantworten:
Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of nitric oxide hemoglobin derivatives. I. Human hemoglobin subunits (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron paramagnetic resonance studies of nitric oxide hemoglobin derivatives. I. Human hemoglobin subunitsTakeshi Shiga, Kun-Joo Hwang, and Itiro TyumaCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 1, 378–383Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00829a052Request reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (580 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Receipt through Repetition (2009)

One of the ways that people show they are listening is by repeating part of what the prior speaker just said. This practice allows listeners to establish recipiency in a way that is specific, providing the speaker with moment-by-moment feedback on the recipient’s understanding as well as giving a “go-ahead” signal. This paper uses Conversation Analysis (CA) to explore the interactional practice of repetition as recipiency. The data are taken from video recordings of L2 users of English in paired and small group discussions. The analysis provides suggestions for how this practice can help encourage language learning in conversation settings. 人が傾聴している証拠のひとつといえるのが相手の話を繰り返すことであろう。このような行為によって、話し手により細かくフィードバックを与えることができ、聞き手の瞬間的な理解を示す「承認」の合図になり、傾聴者がrecipiency（受容性）を確立する。本研究では会話分析を使用し、「受容としての繰返し」(receipt through repetition) を明らかにする。対象データは、英語学習者の小グループ会話のビデオ録画である。会話での繰り返しがお互いの共通理解を生み、言語学習をサポートする。
Polyethylene Prodrugs Using Precisely Placed Pharmaceutical Agents (2009)

Abstract Polyethylene‐based polymeric prodrugs have been prepared by acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization; this condensation type, step growth polymerization, affords controlled polymer architectures via exact methylene run lengths between drug branches. Polyethylene was synthesized with the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) branches ibuprofen and naproxen attached at every 21st backbone carbon through a hydrolysable ester linkage. These ester linkages can have their reactivity tuned by using a variety of spacers that link the drug to the polymer backbone. Two types of spacers, tetraethylene glycol (TEG, hydrophilic) and decanediol (hydrophobic), were incorporated between the drugs and the polymer backbone to observe the effect of spacer properties on the rate of drug release. The rate of hydrolysis and subsequent release of drug was monitored as a direct effect of the spacer and type of reactive linker. With the primary structure of the polymers perfectly known, making such subtle changes to these structures has a dramatic influence on their physical properties. The polymers discussed herein are characterized with NMR, IR, TGA, and DSC. The rate at which these materials hydrolyze and release their pharmaceutical species via enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis was monitored by UV‐vis. Tailoring the type of spacer and hydrolysable linker to a particular drug offers a new class of polyethylene with controllable features that can be used in the application of a new drug delivery material. magnified image
Crime Victimization: Its Extent and Communication (2003)

Summary The criminal justice contexts are identified in which understanding and communicating risks are important. The paper is thereafter exclusively concerned with the probability of crime victimization classified by person and location. Examples of crime risks derived from the British Crime Survey are provided, with instances of where concern about crime diverges from risks of crime. Caution is advocated about seeking to reduce the fear of crime by reassurance. The high levels of concentration of crime by location are noted, together with the fact that particular individuals and households are repeatedly victimized, enabling the prioritization of crime-reductive resources after a crime has taken place. The paper concludes that an emphasis on how the supply of criminal opportunities may be regulated heralds a more systematic approach to the distribution of unavoidable hazard among citizens.
Logic of Constraints: A Quantitative Performance and Functional Constraint Formalism (2004)

In the era of billion-transistor design, it is critical to establish effective verification methodologies from the system level, all the way down to the implementations. In this paper, we introduce logic of constraints (LOC), a logic that is particularly suited to express quantitative performance constraints as well as functional constraints. We analyze the expressiveness of LOC and show that it is important and different from linear temporal logic, upon which traditional hardware assertion languages (e.g., PSL and OpenVera) are based. We propose an automatic simulation trace checking/runtime monitoring methodology that can be used to verify system designs very efficiently. Since a subset of LOC is decidable, we also discuss the formal verification approach for LOC formulas. Through several industrial case studies, we demonstrate the usefulness of the LOC formalism and the corresponding simulation and verification approach at the higher transaction level of abstraction.
The NF- B Activation Pathway:A Paradigm in Information Transfer from Membrane to Nucleus (1999)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Rel proteins are dimeric, sequence-specific transcription factors involved in the activation of an exceptionally large number of genes in response to inflammation, viral and bacterial infections, and other stressful situations requiring rapid reprogramming of gene expression. In unstimulated cells, NF-κB is sequestered in an inactive form in the cytoplasm bound to inhibitory IκB proteins. Stimulation leads to the rapid phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, and ultimately proteolytic degradation of IκB, which frees NF-κB to translocate to the nucleus and activate the transcription of its target genes. The multisubunit IκB kinase (IKK) responsible for the inducible phosphorylation of IκB appears to be the initial point of convergence for most stimuli that activate NF-κB. IKK contains two catalytic subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, both of which phosphorylate IκB at sites phosphorylated in vivo. Gene knockout studies indicate that IKKβ is primarily responsible for the activation of NF-κB in response to proinflammatory stimuli, whereas IKKα is essential for keratinocyte differentiation. The activity of IKK is regulated by phosphorylation. IKK contains a regulatory subunit, IKKγ, which is critical for activation of IKK and is postulated to serve as a recognition site for upstream activators. When phosphorylated, the IKK recognition site on IκBα serves as a specific recognition site for the κ-TrCP-like component of a Skp1-Cullin-F-box-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. A variety of other signaling events, including phosphorylation of NF-κB, phosphorylation of IKK, new synthesis of IκBs, and the processing of NF-κB precursors provide mechanisms of modulating the amount and duration of NF-κB activity.
Temporal Coherence of Ultrashort High-Order Harmonic Pulses (1998)

We have studied the temporal coherence of high-order harmonics (up to the 15th order) produced by focusing 100 fs laser pulses into an argon gas jet. We measure the visibility of the interference fringes, produced when two spatially separated harmonic sources interfere in the far field, as a function of the time delay between the two sources. In general, we find long coherence times, comparable to the expected pulse durations of the harmonics. For some of the harmonics, the interference pattern exhibits two regions, with significantly different coherence times. These results are interpreted in terms of different electronic trajectories contributing to harmonic generation.
Infectious and Malignant Complications of TNF Inhibitor Therapy in IBD (2013)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are being increasingly utilized in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the benefits associated with TNF inhibitor therapy are undeniable, concerns have been raised about the associated risk of infectious and malignant complications. In this narrative review, we will present the evidence from studies that have evaluated the association of TNF inhibitors and both overall and specific infections and malignancy. Overall, although TNF inhibitors may increase the risk of tuberculosis, varicella, and other opportunistic infections, there is little evidence suggesting that anti-TNF agents specifically raise the overall risk of serious infections. Similarly, there is little evidence that TNF antagonists raise the risk of developing malignancy over and above the risks from concomitant therapies and the underlying disease process. However, the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers may be increased and that is further enhanced by use of combination TNF inhibitor and thiopurine therapy. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is statistically increased among combination therapy users. The absolute risk remains a very small but feared risk. It is difficult to fully quantify the risk of these cancers among users of TNF inhibitor therapy in the absence of concurrent thiopurine therapy. We recommend that clinicians remain mindful about the potential risks of infectious and malignant complications in their IBD patients who are using TNF inhibitors, but that further research is required to better study these risks over the long-term course of therapy.
Hydantoin immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. (1975)

The immunological response of mice submitted to hydantoin treatment was determined. Hydantoin reduced the absolute number of spleen cells in treated animals and did not modify spleen cells reactivity to concanavalin A, although the response to SRBC challenge, as measured by the Jerne plaque-forming cell technique, was significantly decreased. Following these findings, the influence of hydantoin on carcinogenesis was evaluated by using the model of urethane-induced lung adenomas in SWR mice. Treatment with hydantoin significantly reduced the incidence of the induced adenomas. We confirmed that hydantoin modifies the immune response of the host mainly by depressing its humoral function and we have shown that this effect was associated with an inhibitory effect on tumour induction.
Structure of yeast LEU4. The 5' flanking region contains features that predict two modes of control and two productive translation starts. (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of LEU4, a yeast gene encoding alpha-isopropylmalate synthase, has been determined. An open reading frame of 1857 nucleotides specifies a protein of 619 residues whose calculated molecular weight (68,416) and amino acid composition agree well with earlier estimates based on protein data. The 5' flanking region contains three blocks of sequence potentially involved in the general control of amino acid biosynthesis. It also has six blocks of homology in common with the 5' flanking regions of two other LEU structural genes (LEU1 and LEU2). One of these blocks coincides with a palindromic element that has previously been demonstrated to be important for the specific leucine control of LEU2 (Martinez-Arias, A., Yost, H. J., and Casadaban, M. J. (1984) Nature 307, 740-742). Determination of the 5' ends of the LEU4 transcript indicates the existence of four major and several minor potential transcription start sites. Two of the major sites are located downstream from the ATG at the beginning of the long open reading frame. Utilization of these sites would lead to mRNA that could be translated from an in-frame AUG located 90 nucleotides downstream from the first one. The protein thus generated would be 30 amino acid residues shorter than the larger one. This situation might account for the occurrence of two alpha-isopropylmalate synthase-related proteins observed both in cell-free extracts and in in vitro translation mixtures (Hampsey, D. M., Lewin, A. S., and Kohlhaw, G. B. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 1270-1274). The larger of these proteins was incorporated into the mitochondria while the smaller one was not. We conclude that selection of appropriate transcription and translation start sites might control the subcellular localization of the LEU4 gene product. This conclusion is discussed with respect to other examples in yeast of genes that encode two forms of the same protein.
Uniform saturation of a strongly coupled spin system by two-frequency irradiation (2011)

The theoretical basis of two-frequency saturation is given here in the framework of Provotorov theory. The parameters influencing the saturation efficiency are discussed and studied experimentally using a liquid-crystalline test system. It is shown that double-frequency irradiation can be extremely efficient when the irradiation frequencies are placed at opposite sides of the characteristic frequency of the spin system, and that the frequency separation in the double-frequency irradiation can be varied over a large range. Provotorov theory is also shown to provide good insights into the experimental findings, which would otherwise be difficult to obtain from simulations.
In vitro modulation of the toxicity associated with the use of zidovudine on normal murine, human, and murine retrovirus-infected hematopoietic progenitor stem cells with basic fibroblast growth factor and synergistic activity with interleukin-1 (1992)

The antiviral drug used in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, zidovudine, has proved effective in ameliorating the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. However, associated with zidovudine is the development of severe bone marrow toxicity manifested by anemia, neutropenia, and occasionally thrombocytopenia. We report the results of studies that demonstrate the ability of basic fibroblast growth factor (B-FGF) to reduce zidovudine toxicity to several classes of hematopoietic progenitors (granulocyte-macrophage, CFU-GM; megakaryocyte. CFU-Meg; and erythroid, BFU-E) from normal murine, human, and murine retrovirus-infected bone marrow cells when cocultured with zidovudine in vitro. Optimal response to B-FGF was observed at a dose concentration of 10 ng/ml. The specificity of B-FGF was demonstrated in the presence of protamine sulfate, an effective inhibitor of B-FGF mitogenic activity. In addition, synergistic activity of B-FGF on zidovudine-induced hematopoietic stem cell toxicity was observed in the presence of interleukin 1 (IL-1) (30 ng/ml). These studies demonstrate that B-FGF is capable of reducing the hematopoietic toxicity associated with zidovudine and that such an effect can be amplified in the presence of IL-1.
Cholesterol and neuropathologic markers of AD (2001)

The constituents of HDL-C may play a role in the formation of AD pathology, and these processes are reflected in peripheral measures.
Control of chaos using neural networks (2005)

A method is described for online closed-loop neural network control of chaotic systems. This control is achieved by presenting an artificial neural network with a desired reference trajectory and a chaotic carrier signal. Error backpropagation with threshold adaptation is used to learn the chaotic output, which is converted to the desired attracting motion using delay coordinate embedding techniques. Applying these techniques to a nonstationary error equation results in the formulation of the control perturbation which will drive the learned chaotic signal to the desired reference.
HIGH FISH OIL DIET INCREASES OXIDATIVE STRESS POTENTIAL IN MAMMARY GLAND OF SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1994)

1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high omega-3 (19% menhaden oil, 1% corn oil) or high omega-6 (20% corn oil) fatty acid diets would decrease expression of hypertension in the female spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), promote tumourigenesis in the rat 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of mammary cancer or increase the susceptibility of the mammary gland to lipid peroxidation. A group of rats on a 5% corn oil diet served as the low fat control group. 2. We found that the high omega-3 and high omega-6 fatty acid diets did not significantly decrease mean arterial pressure. Marked differences occurred between the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 high fatty acid diets on baseline oxidation, auto-oxidation and iron-ascorbate catalyzed oxidation. The omega-3 diet showed 675% increase in basal oxidation, a 2624% increase in auto-oxidation and a 4244% increase in iron-ascorbate catalyzed oxidation compared to the omega-6 diet in mammary tissue homogenates. Although all rats were given 5 mg DMBA (i.g.), no mammary tumours were observed in any of the dietary groups. 3. We conclude that: (i) high polyunsaturated fatty acid diets do not decrease blood pressure in the female SHR; (ii) high fish oil diet markedly increases oxidative potential in the mammary gland; and (iii) the female SHR is resistant to DMBA-induced tumourigenesis.
Optimal binary vector quantization via enumeration of covering codes (1997)

Binary vector quantization (BVQ) refers to block coding of binary vectors under a fidelity measure. Covering codes were studied as a means of lattice BVQ. But a further source coding problem hidden in the equivalence of covering codes has seemingly eluded attention. Given a d-dimensional hypercube (code space), equivalent covering codes of the same covering radius but of different codewords have different expected BVQ distortions for a general probability mass function. Thus one can minimize, within the code equivalence, the expected distortion over all different covering codes. This leads a two-stage optimization scheme for BVQ design. First we use an optimal covering code to minimize the maximum per-vector distortion at a given rate. Then under the minmax constraint, we minimize the expected quantization distortion. This minmax constrained BVQ method (MCBVQ) controls both the maximum and average distortions, and hence improves subjective quality of compressed binary images, MCBVQ also avoids poor local minima that may trap the generalized Lloyd method. The [7,4] Hamming code and [8,4] extended Hamming code are found to be particularly suitable for MCBVQ on binary images. An efficient and simple algorithm is introduced to enumerate all distinct [7,4] Hamming/[8,4] extended Hamming codes and compute the corresponding expected distortions in optimal MCBVQ design. Furthermore, MCBVQ using linear covering codes has a compact codebook and a fast syndrome-encoding algorithm.
Face tracking with convolutional neural network heat-map (2018)

In this paper, we apply a heat-map approach for human face tracking. We utilize the heat-map extracted from the convolutional neural networks (CNN) for face / non-face classification problem. The CNN architecture we build is a shallow network to extract information that is meaningful in locating an object. In addition, we made many CNNs with changes in pool-size of the last layer to obtain a well-defined heat-map. Experiments in the Visual Tracking Object dataset show that the results of the method are very encouraging. This shows the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Pluripotent stem cell heterogeneity and the evolving role of proteomic technologies in stem cell biology (2011)

Stem cells represent obvious choices for regenerative medicine and are invaluable for studies of human development and drug testing. The proteomic landscape of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), in particular, is not yet clearly defined; consequently, this field of research would greatly benefit from concerted efforts designed to better characterize these cells. In this concise review, we provide an overview of stem cell potency, highlight the types and practical implications of heterogeneity in PSCs and provide a detailed analysis of the current view of the pluripotent proteome in a unique resource for this rapidly evolving field. Our goal in this review is to provide specific insights into the current status of the known proteome of both mouse and human PSCs. This has been accomplished by integrating published data into a unified PSC proteome to facilitate the identification of proteins, which may be informative for the stem cell state as well as to reveal areas where our current view is limited. These analyses provide insight into the challenges faced in the proteomic analysis of PSCs and reveal one area--the cell surface subproteome--that would especially benefit from enhanced research efforts.