gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of a Potential Zinc-binding Domain of the Adenovirus E4 34k Protein (2000)

E4 34k, the product of adenovirus early region 4 (E4) open reading frame 6, modulates viral late gene expression, viral DNA replication, apoptosis, double strand break repair, and transformation through multiple interactions with components in infected and transformed cells. Conservation of several cysteine and histidine residues among E4 34k sequences from a variety of adenovirus serotypes suggests the presence of a zinc binding domain important for function. Consistent with the hypothesis that E4 34k is a zinc metalloprotein, zinc binding by baculovirus-expressed E4 34k protein was demonstrated in a zinc blotting assay. To investigate the relationship between the potential zinc-binding region and E4 34k function, a series of mutant genes containing single amino acid substitutions at each of the conserved cysteine and histidine residues in E4 34k were constructed. The mutant proteins were examined for the ability to complement the late protein synthetic defect of an E4 deletion mutant, to physically interact with the viral E1b 55-kDa protein (E1b 55k) and cellular p53 protein, to relocalize E1b 55k, and to destabilize the p53 protein. These analyses identified a subset of cysteine and histidine residues required for stimulation of late gene expression, physical interaction with E1b 55k, and p53 destabilization. These data suggest that a zinc-binding domain participates in the formation of the E4 34k-E1b 55k physical complex and that the complex is required in late gene expression and for p53 destabilization.
Long-lasting transient conditions in simulations with heavy-tailed workloads (1997)

Recent evidence suggests that some characteristics of computer and telecommunications systems may be well described using heavy tailed distributions -distributions whose tail declines like a power law, which means that the probability of extremely large observations is non-negligible. For example, such distributions have been found to describe the lengths of bursts in network traffic and the sizes of files in some systems. As a result, system designers are increasingly interested in employing heavy-tailed distributions in simulation workloads. Unfortunately, these distributions have properties considerably different from the kinds of distributions more commonly used in simulations; these properties make simulation stability hard to achieve. In this paper we explore the difficulty of achieving stability in such simulations, using tools from the theory of stable distributions. We show that such simulations exhibit two characteristics related to stability: slow convergence to steady state, and high variability at steady state. As a result, we argue that such simulations must be treated as effectively always in a transient condition. One way to address this problem is to introduce the notion of time scale as a parameter of the simulation, and we discuss methods for simulating such systems while explicitly incorporating time scale as a parameter.
Efficiency enhancement and linearity trade-offs for cascode vs. common-emitter SiGe power amplifiers in WiMAX polar transmitters (2010)

In this paper, a monolithic RF cascode SiGe power amplifier (PA) design capable of enhancing its power-added efficiency (PAE) is demonstrated. Four RF switches are adopted at the bases of the common-emitter transistors, which can be turned on/off in response to the desired output power. Simulations show that by utilizing device size variation, our cascode PA achieves higher gain and PAE compared to conventional fixed-size cascode PA in the low power region; in addition, it also provides more output power and higher average PAE than single-stage common-emitter PAs. We also studied and compared the linearity performance of our cascode PAs vs. single-stage common-emitter PAs in a RF polar TX using an envelope tracking (ET) technique. We found that even through self-biasing for the common-base device can improve the output distortion of cascode PAs, a single-stage common-emitter SiGe PA designed for comparison is still considerably more linear than cascode PAs. Therefore, more careful system linearization design will be critical when the cascode PAs are adopted in RF polar transmitters (TXs), especially for broadband wireless applications such as mobile WiMAX studied here.
Control of Mitochondrial Transcription Specificity Factors (TFB1M and TFB2M) by Nuclear Respiratory Factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2) and PGC-1 Family Coactivators (2005)

In vertebrates, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription is initiated bidirectionally from closely spaced promoters, HSP and LSP, within the D-loop regulatory region. Early studies demonstrated that mtDNA transcription requires mitochondrial RNA polymerase and Tfam, a DNA binding stimulatory factor that is required for mtDNA maintenance. Recently, mitochondrial transcription specificity factors (TFB1M and TFB2M), which markedly enhance mtDNA transcription in the presence of Tfam and mitochondrial RNA polymerase, have been identified in mammalian cells. Here, we establish that the expression of human TFB1M and TFB2M promoters is governed by nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1 and NRF-2), key transcription factors implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we show that NRF recognition sites within both TFB promoters are required for maximal trans activation by the PGC-1 family coactivators, PGC-1alpha and PRC. The physiological induction of these coactivators has been associated with the integration of NRFs and other transcription factors in a program of mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that the TFB genes are up-regulated along with Tfam and either PGC-1alpha or PRC in cellular systems where mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. Moreover, ectopic expression of PGC-1alpha is sufficient to induce the coordinate expression of all three nucleus-encoded mitochondrial transcription factors along with nuclear and mitochondrial respiratory subunits. These results support the conclusion that the coordinate regulation of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial transcription factors by NRFs and PGC-1 family coactivators is essential to the control of mitochondrial biogenesis.
HFCVD of diamond at low substrate and low filament temperatures (1995)

It has been discovered that the addition of a small amount of oxygen to the CH{sub 4} and H{sub 2} feed gas permits HFCVD of diamond at significantly lower filament and substrate temperatures. The effective O/C ratio here is much lower than that used in most studies of the oxygen effect. Careful control of the O/C and C/H ratios were found to be crucial to success. The effects of substrate and filament temperatures on growth rate and film quality were studied. Optimum conditions were found that gave reasonable growth rates ( {approximately}0.5 {mu}m/h ) with high film quality at filament temperatures below 1750{degrees}C and substrate temperatures below 600C. As a result, low temperature deposition has been realized. Power consumption can be reduced 50%, and the filament lifetime is extended indefinitely.
FILE SYSTEM ISOLATION FOR UNTRUSTED APPLICATIONS (2008)

When computer systems are compromised by an attack, it is difficult to determine the precise extent of the damage because the state changes made by an attacker and those made by regular users can be closely intertwined. In particular, the file system provides a single namespace that, when compromised, can have cascading effects on the entire system, making intrusion analysis and recovery a difficult process. This thesis proposes using a copy-on-write file system, called Isolation File System (IFS), to provide a transparent, restricted privilege sandboxing environment for running untrusted applications. The goal of IFS is to limit propagation of attacks by confining each application to its own complete namespace. If a sandboxed application is exploited, a coarse-grained recovery method allows completely removing the footprint of the software. Our approach supports existing applications by providing mechanisms for explicit sharing across IFS environments. Our evaluation shows that IFS is fairly easy to configure.
Marine sediment acoustics (1985)

New field and laboratory data indicate that the assumption of a constant ‘‘Q,’’ or equivalently, an attenuation coefficient, α, that depends on the first power of frequency, is unacceptable in the case of nearly all marine sediments. The fluid component of marine sediments causes various forms of viscous damping that are always frequency dependent. In coarser sediments, overall motion of the fluid field relative to the skeletal frame, causes a strong frequency dependence that depends on permeability and the tortuosity of the intergranular pores. In the finer sediments, local viscous losses occur near the intergranular contacts producing a viscoelastic response similar to the ‘‘squeeze film’’ phenomenon that is well known in lubrication theory. Both kinds of viscous damping, as well as frictional losses at the grain contacts, can be included in the generalized Biot model which has been used to describe the acoustical response of marine sediments. In this paper we summarize recent field data which illustrate the wide spread of ‘‘Q’’ values that are to be expected and present some new experimental data that demonstrate both kinds of viscous damping mentioned above. Finally we use the model to estimate the response of a p wave based on laboratory measurements of torsional vibrations. A simple mathematical model is used to establish the connection between these two modes of motion.
Thermal and Elastic Anisotropy of Thermally Sprayed Coatings (1992)

The dependency of the physical property of thermally sprayed coatings on the microstructure which is characterized by a composite of lamellae was examined. The thermal and elastic properties determined parallel to the coating plane have been proved to be different from those determined perpendicularly to it, which indicates that the thermally sprayed coatings have an anisotropy. The thermal conductivities of copper, molybdenum, Type 316 austenitic stainless steel, alumina and WC-20 mass%Cr-7 mass%Ni cermet coatings are discussed. The values parallel to the coating plane were 1 to 2.27 times larger than those perpendicular to it. The behavior of anisotropy can be explained by the rule of mixture. Young’s moduli in the two directions of WC-12 mass%Co cermet coatings were measured and the value parallel to the coating plane was about twice as large as that perpendicular to it. The thermally sprayed coatings may be characterized by a composite of rapidly solidified lamellae between which there is only limited real contact and they also contain pores and oxides. It is clear that the directionality characteristic of the thermal barrier behavior or the less cohesion among the lamellae is dominant over the anisotropy of thermally sprayed coatings.
Defending Against Image Corruptions Through Adversarial Augmentations (2021)

Modern neural networks excel at image classification, yet they remain vulnerable to common image corruptions such as blur, speckle noise or fog. Recent methods that focus on this problem, such as AugMix and DeepAugment, introduce defenses that operate in expectation over a distribution of image corruptions. In contrast, the literature on $\ell_p$-norm bounded perturbations focuses on defenses against worst-case corruptions. In this work, we reconcile both approaches by proposing AdversarialAugment, a technique which optimizes the parameters of image-to-image models to generate adversarially corrupted augmented images. We theoretically motivate our method and give sufficient conditions for the consistency of its idealized version as well as that of DeepAugment. Our classifiers improve upon the state-of-the-art on common image corruption benchmarks conducted in expectation on CIFAR-10-C and improve worst-case performance against $\ell_p$-norm bounded perturbations on both CIFAR-10 and ImageNet.
A piezoelectric microvalve for cryogenic applications (2007)

This paper reports on a normally open piezoelectrically actuated microvalve for high flow modulation at cryogenic temperatures. One application envisioned is to control the flow of a cryogen for distributed cooling with a high degree of temperature stability and a small thermal gradient. The valve consists of a micromachined die fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer, a glass wafer, a commercially available piezoelectric stack actuator and Macor™ ceramic encapsulation that has overall dimensions of 1 × 1 × 1 cm 3 . A perimeter augmentation scheme for the valve seat has been implemented to provide high flow modulation. In tests performed at room temperature the flow was modulated from 980 mL min −1 with the valve fully open (0 V), to 0 mL min −1 with a 60 V actuation voltage, at an inlet gauge pressure of 55 kPa. This range is orders of magnitude higher flow than the modulation capability of similarly sized piezoelectric microvalves. At the cryogenic temperature of 80 K, the valve successfully modulated gas flow from 350 mL min −1 down to 20 mL min −1 with an inlet pressure of 104 kPa higher than the atmosphere. The operation of this valve has been validated at elevated temperatures as well, up to 380 K. The valve has a response time of less than 1 ms and has operational bandwidth up to 820 kHz.
High-efficiency LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide second-harmonic generation devices with ferroelectric-domain-inverted gratings fabricated by applying voltage (1996)

The characteristics of the ferroelectric-domain-inverted gratings fabricated by applying voltage at room temperature in Z-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ crystal were examined for waveguide quasiphase-matched second-harmonic generation (QPM-SHG) devices. Conditions suitable for reproducible fabrication of uniform grating structure were clarified. Devices with uniform and fan-out grating for green and blue light generation were fabricated, and the performances were examined. A normalized SHG efficiency as high as 150%/W was obtained in blue light generation device with uniform grating of 3 mm interaction length.
Zur Kenntnis von Rifamycin‐S. Reaktionen des chinoiden Nucleus. Modifikationen von Antibiotica, 9. Mitteilung [1] (1973)

Abstract The reactivity of rifamycin‐S (1) with respect to nucleophilic reagents has been studied. Several new classes of derivatives, some of which show interesting biological activities, are described.
Allocation of control resources with preamble priority awareness for human and machine type communications in LTE-Advanced networks (2017)

In this paper, we introduce the Preamble Priority-Aware (PPA) Packet Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) resources allocation algorithm to provide Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation in the Random Access (RA) procedure of the LTE-Advanced technology. The PPA algorithm uses the preamble priority defined by the RA procedure and Radio Access Network (RAN) overload control schemes to make scheduling decisions. Results derived via simulation show that the proposed PDCCH algorithm significantly increases the chance of accessing the network as well as reducing random-access delays for user equipment employing prioritized preamble sequences. Thus, the proposed algorithm provides enhanced QoS support to prioritized users during intense RA attempts.
Use of bacteriophage in the treatment of experimental animal bacteremia from imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2006)

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains still remains a significant problem for antimicrobial chemotherapy in the clinic. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages) have been suggested to be used as alternative therapeutic agents for bacterial infections. However, the efficacy of phage therapy in treating drug-resistant infections in humans is uncertain. Therefore in the present study, we examined the effectiveness of phages in the treatment of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IMPR-Pa) infection in an experimental mouse model. Twenty-nine strains of phage were isolated from our hospital sewage, and phage ØA392 was representatively used for all testing because it has lytic activity against a wide range of clinical isolates of IMPR-Pa. We found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of one IMPR-Pa strain (3 x 10(7) CFU) caused bacteremia and all mice died within 24 h. A single i.p. inoculation of the phage strain (MOI > or =0.01) at up to 60 min after the bacterial challenge was sufficient to rescue 100% of the animals. This lifesaving effect coincided with the rapid appearance of ØA392 in the circulation (within 2 h after i.p. injection), which remained at substantially higher levels for up to 48 h until the bacteria were eradicated. However, the survival rates of the mice dropped to approximately 50% and 20% when the same dose of this purified phage preparation was administered at 180 min and 360 min, respectively, after IMPR-Pa infections. In addition, we demonstrated that the ability of this phage to rescue bacteremic animals was due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not to a non-specific immune effect. The protection from death occurred only in animals inoculated with bacteria-specific virulent phage strains. When the heat-inactivated phages were used, the survival rate of the infected mice was dramatically reduced to 20% or lower. Moreover, the levels of the antibody against the phage were not significantly changed at the time when the bacteremic animals were protected by the active phages. Finally, our observations revealed that the inoculation of the mice with high-doses of ØA392 alone produced no adverse effects attributable to the phage. These data indicate that phages can save animals from pernicious P. aeruginosa infections and suggest that phage therapy may be potentially used as a stand-alone therapy for patients with IMPR-Pa infections.
Toward C13 hyperpolarized biomarkers produced by thermal mixing with hyperpolarized X129e (2009)

The (13)C NMR signal of acetic acid 1-(13)C-AcH is enhanced by polarization transfer from hyperpolarized (129)Xe using a thermal mixing procedure. 1-(13)C-AcH acid and hyperpolarized (129)Xe are mixed as gases to disperse (129)Xe in the acetic acid. The mixture is frozen with liquid N(2) at 0.5 T. The magnetic field is then momentarily dropped to allow for exchange of spin polarization between (13)C and (129)Xe. After polarization exchange the magnetic field is raised to its original value and the mixture is thawed, resulting in a solution of polarization enhanced 1-(13)C-AcH. A (13)C nuclear spin polarization enhancement of 10 is observed compared to its thermal polarization at 4.7 T. This polarization enhancement is approximately three orders of magnitude lower than that predicted by theory. The discrepancy is attributed to the formation of either an inhomogeneous solid matrix and/or spin dynamics during polarization transfer. Despite the low polarization enhancement, this is the first report of polarization transfer from (129)Xe to (13)C nuclear spins achieved by thermal mixing for a proton-containing molecule of biomedical importance. If future work can increase the enhancement, this method will be useful in hyperpolarizing a wide range of (13)C enriched compounds important in biomedical and biophysical research.
Modelling of partial discharge activity in different spherical cavity sizes and locations within a dielectric insulation material (2009)

The pattern of partial discharge (PD) occurrence at a defect site within a solid dielectric material is influenced by the conditions of the defect site. This is because the defect conditions, mainly its size and location determine the electric field distributions at the defect site which influence the patterns of PD occurrence. A model for a spherical cavity within a homogeneous dielectric material has been developed by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. The model is used to study the influence of different conditions of the cavity on the electric field distribution in the cavity and the PD activity. In addition, experimental measurements of PD in spherical cavities of different size within a dielectric material have been undertaken. The obtained results show that PD activity depends on the size of the cavity within the dielectric material.
New switching sequence for three phase converter with ZVS using a transformer (2002)

A new switching sequence for a high power factor three phase converter is presented. By using the switching sequence, we can get a lower cost converter by letting the currents of upper-side-switches and lower-side-switches be unbalanced intentionally. Additionally, the three phase converter employs new ZVS topology with a transformer. The transformer makes the circuit design easier and the auxiliary switch for ZVS can switch under ZCS condition. With these technologies, we developed a high power factor, high efficiency, low noise, low cost three phase converter.
Acute and Chronic Animal Models for Excessive Dermal Scarring: Quantitative Studies (1997)

Excessive scarring in the form of keloids and hypertrophic scars continues to be a clinical problem for some patients. The lack of an animal model for such scarring has been an obstacle to studying the cellular and molecular biology of these entities. Previous observations made by the authors that some surgical scars in the rabbit ear remain raised for months after wounding prompted us to investigate whether the rabbit ear might provide a model by which to study excessive dermal scarring. After establishing the model in preliminary study, 40 excisional wounds, 6 mm in diameter, were created over the ventral surface of rabbit ears. Elevated scars were treated with either intralesional triamcinolone acetonide or saline at day 16 postwounding. On day 22, 25 scar wounds were used for thorough histomorphometric analysis, 15 wounds were eliminated prior to analysis because of invagination of epithelial tissue, which made analysis difficult. Total area of scar and Hypertrophic Index, a ratio comparing scar prominence with the thickness of adjacent unwounded tissue, were measured for 25 (62 percent) of the resulting scars. Both total area of scar and Hypertrophic Index were found to be significantly decreased in the steroid-treated group (p < 0.02 and < 0.03, respectively). In a chronic form of this model, in which larger excisions were taken, an excessive accumulation of both new collagen and cartilage over 9 months was observed. An animal model for excessive dermal scarring that allows quantitation of scar formation and, at an early stage, can be modulated in a predictable way with intralesional corticosteroid treatment is presented. This model may parallel hypertrophic scarring in humans and thus might provide a tool by which to study its pathophysiology and objectively evaluate therapeutic modalities.
Selenylierung, Sulfenylierung und Aminomethylierung von 2‐Siloxycyclopropancarbonsäureestern durch Lewis‐Säure‐induzierte Ringöffnung (1986)

Abstract 2‐Selenylierte und 2‐sulfenylierte 4‐Oxoalkansäureester 5 und 7 werden durch Reaktion der 2‐siloxysubstituierten Cyclopropancarbonsäureester 1 mit Phenylselenylchlorid bzw. einem Sulfenylchlorid in Gegenwart von katalystischen Mengen Titantetrachlorid in guten Ausbeuten zugänglich. Dagegen benötigt man zur Aminomethylierung von 1 mit dem Iminiumchlorid 8 stöchiometrische Mengen an Lewis‐Säure. Die Produkte 9 entstehen allerdings in höheren Ausbeuten, wenn man aus 8 und Trifluormethansulfonsäure‐trimethyl‐silylester in situ das Iminiumtriflat 10 erzeugt und mit 1 umsetzt. Aus den Mannich‐Basen 9 können mit Standardreaktionen Acrylsäurederivate oder α‐Methylen‐γ‐butyrolactone 16 hergestellt werden.