gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach based on the ifcOWL ontology to support indoor navigation (2020)

This paper presents an indoor navigation support system based on the Building Information Models (BIM) paradigm. Although BIM is initially defined for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction/Facility Management (AEC/FM) industry, the authors believe that it can provide added value in this context. To this end, the authors will focus on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard for the formal representation of BIM. The approach followed in this paper will be based on the ifcOWL ontology, which translates the IFC schemas into Ontology Web Language (OWL). Several modifications of this ontology have been proposed, consisting of the inclusion of new items, SWRL rules and SQWRL searches. This way of expressing the elements of a building can be used to code information that is very useful for navigation, such as the location of elements related to the actions desired by the user. It is important to note that this design is intended to be used as a complement to other well-known tools and techniques for indoor navigation. The proposed modifications have been successfully tested in a variety of simulated and real scenarios. The main limitation of the proposal is the immense amount of information contained in the ifcOWL ontology, which causes difficulties involving its processing and the time necessary to perform operations on it. Those elements that are considered important have been selected, removing those that seem secondary to navigation. This procedure will result in a significant reduction in the storage and semantic processing of the information. Thus, for a system with 1000 individuals (in the ontological sense), the processing time is about 90 s. The authors regard this time as acceptable, since in most cases the tasks involved can be considered part of the system initialization, meaning they will only be executed once at the beginning of the process.
Expression of HCV envelope proteins and the serological utility of the anti-E2 immune response. (1995)

The 5' end of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome encodes structural proteins of the virion. The first gene encodes a highly basic core protein. Immediately downstream of the core gene are regions which encode the envelope proteins (E1 and E2) of the virus. Artificial expression and secretion of immunologically active envelope proteins have proven to be a substantial challenge due to the high degree of glycosylation and the existence of certain hydrophobic domains contained within these sequences. Bacterial cell expression of recombinant HCV envelope proteins results in products that are not glycosylated and are poorly immunogenic. Emphasis has shifted to the use of mammalian cell lines (human embryonic kidney [HEK] and Chinese hamster ovary [CHO] cells) for the expression of glycosylated, immunologically active envelope proteins. Using HEK cells, E1 is expressed intracellularly but is not secreted from the cells. When E1 is cloned in fusion with a C-terminal truncated E2 protein, both proteins are detected intracellularly; however, only E2 is secreted. When the E1/E2 processing site is interrupted by constructing deletion mutants, the unprocessed E1/E2 fusion protein can be secreted from the cells. Quantifiable expression and secretion of a truncated E2 protein is now possible using CHO cells and SV40-based vectors. The HCV E2 glycoprotein expressed from CHO cells is highly antigenic; a strong humoral response to this antigen develops in persons infected with HCV. Antibodies to E2 are found in 95% of patients with detectable HCV RNA in their sera. The presence of antibodies to E2 is not indicative of viral clearance and therefore the role these antibodies play in protective immunity, if any, is unclear.
Melanin Standard Method: Empirical Formula 2 (1992)

Natural melanins are composed of two distinct portions; a protein fraction and a chromophoric backbone. There is no unequivocal evidence for covalent bonding between these two fractions, and standard protocols used in protein purification have failed to separate the protein fraction from the chromophoric fraction. In order to study the chromophoric backbone, many workers have resorted to harsh isolation and purification protocols that are now known to degrade and damage the chromophoric portion. These artifactual melanin preparations are poor models for valid chemical, physical, and biological studies. We have developed a mild isolation and purification protocol for melanins that takes into consideration both the particulate nature of natural melanins and the stability characteristics of the chromophoric fraction. Mathematical factoring of the quantitative amino acid data into the elemental analysis was used to obtain the empirical formula of the chromophoric backbone of melanins. The analyses have shown that melanins from various sources have significantly different amino acid compositions and contents, molar C/N ratios, and empirical formulae. This method successfully differentiates melanins from a variety of sources, namely, human hair, Sepia officinalis, Sigma Chemical Company (cat. no. M8631), autoxidation of dopa, and from the feathers of Rhode Island Red chickens. Analytical results from these studies are presented and discussed.
Differentiation of early plasma cells on bone marrow stromal cells requires interleukin-6 for escaping from apoptosis (1995)

Abstract The bone marrow (BM) is well known to be the major site of Ig production in secondary immune responses; thus, the microenvironment of BM is considered to be essential for final differentiation of plasma cells. We identified in the peripheral blood (PB) early plasma cells (CD38++CD19+VLA-5-) committed to entering the BM. The sorted early plasma cells rapidly entered apoptosis in vitro, but these cells could survive and further differentiate into mature plasma cells (CD38 CD19+) just as BM plasma cells in the presence of a BM-derived stromal cell line (KM-102). Culture supernatants of KM-102 cell lines could also support survival of these cells, and antibody to interleukin-6 (IL-6) completely blocked the effect of these supernatants. Furthermore, recombinant IL-6, but not IL-1 or IL-3, could support their survival and their differentiation into mature plasma cells (CD38 CD19+VLA-5+) with expression of VLA-5 mRNA. Therefore, here is direct evidence that early plasma cells found in the PB differentiated into mature plasma cells with stromal cell-derived IL-6 in vitro; thus, BM stromal cells control the final checkpoint of plasma cell differentiation with secretion of IL-6 in the BM.
Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain – a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up (2002)

This prospective, randomised controlled trial, with three parallel groups, patient and observer blinded for verum and sham acupuncture and a follow up of 3 months raises the question: "Does a combination of acupuncture and conservative orthopedic treatment improve conservative orthopedic treatment in chronic low back pain (LBP). 186 in-patients of a LBP rehabilitation center with a history of LBP >or=6 weeks, VAS >or=50mm, and no pending compensation claims, were selected; for the three random group 4 weeks of treatment was applied. 174 patients met the protocol criteria and reported after treatment, 124 reported after 3 months follow up. Patients were assorted 4 strata: chronic LBP, <or=0.5 years, 0.5-2 years, 2-5 years, >or=5 years. Analysis was by intention to treat. Group 1 (Verum+COT) received 12 treatments of verum acupuncture and conservative orthopedic treatment (COT). Group 2 (Sham+COT) received 12 treatments of non-specific needling and COT. Group 3 (nil+COT) received COT alone. Verum- and Sham acupuncture were blinded against patient and examiner. The primary endpoints were pain reduction >or=50% on VAS 3 months after the end of the treatment protocol. Secondary endpoints were pain reduction >or=50% on VAS and treatment efficacy on a four-point box scale directly after the end of the treatment protocol and treatment efficacy after 3 months. In the whole sample a pain relief of >or=50% on VAS was reported directly after the end of treatment protocol: Verum+COT 65% (95%CI 51-77%), Sham+COT 34% (95%ci 22-49%), nil+COT 43% (95%ci 29-58%) - results are significant for Verum+COT over Sham+COT (P<or=0.02). The results after 3 months are: Verum+COT 77% (95%ci 62-88%), Sham+COT 29% (95%ci 16-46%), nil+Cot 14% (95%ci 4-30%) - effects are significant for Verum+COT over Sham+COT (P<or=0.001) and for Verum+COT over nil+COT (P<0.001). No difference was found in the mobility of the patients nor in the intake of NSAID diclofenac. Our conclusion is that acupuncture can be an important supplement of conservative orthopedic treatment in the management of chronic LBP.
The Dark Side of Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibition (2011)

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous, highly pleiotropic and essential protein kinase whose abnormally high constitutive activity has been implicated in several human diseases. In the last decade, several ATP competitive inhibitors of CK2, characterized by an in vitro activity that ranges from micromolar to nanomolar, have been discovered. However, until now only one drug candidate has been entered in Phase I clinical trial as a potential anticancer drug. Why this constitutively active kinase is so undruggable? Can ATP competitive inhibitors be considered the most promising drug candidates for the near future? In this review, we would like to underline how targeting binding sites outside the conventional ATP-binding could represent a new promising strategy to inhibit CK2 activity and, consequently, bear a great potentiality in discovering new drug candidates.
Learning to Detect Boundaries in Natural Image Using Texture Cues and EM (2008)

Most unsupervised methods in boundary detection fail to manage the small veins with strong contrast in brightness. Aiming at this, the paper presents a novel method in boundary detection, which is based on two parts. The first part is combination of LBP (local binary pattern) and maximum difference criterion of texture to get a clear salient-boundary-point image, using local texture cues to cut down the insignificant edges. In the second part we use a new EM framework including salient cue to approximate the points. We choose The Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and Benchmark as our estimate criterion. Experimental results show the model gain good performance on extracting the object boundary.
Infrared Laser Light Reduces Loading Time of Dental Implants: A Raman Spectroscopic Study (2005)

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess, through near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIRS), the incorporation of hydroxyapatite of calcium (CHA; ∼960 cm –1 )—on the healing bone around dental implants submitted or not to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (λ830 nm). Background Data: The process of maturation of the bone is important for the success of dental implants, as it improves the fixation of the implant to the bone, allowing the wearing of a prosthesis. LLLT has been suggested as a mean of improving bone healing because of its biomodulatory capabilities. Methods: Fourteen rabbits received a titanium implant on the tibia; eight of them were irradiated with λ830-nm laser (seven sessions at 48-h intervals, 21.5 J/cm 2 per session, 10 mW, ϕ∼0.0028 cm 2 , 85 J/cm 2 treatment dose), and six acted as control. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 45 days after surgery. Specimens were routinely prepared for Raman spectroscopy. Twelve readings were taken on the bone around the implant. Results: The results showed significant differences in the concentration of CHA on irradiated and control specimens at both 30 and 45 days after surgery ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that LLLT does improve bone healing, and this can be safely assessed by Raman spectroscopy.
Driving torque control method for electric vehicle with in‐wheel motors (2012)

Abstract Antislip control or slip ratio control can help improve the stability of EVs on a low‐μ road. However, these control methods cannot control the driving torque. In this paper we propose a driving torque control method for EVs with in‐wheel motors. By using this method we can control the driving torque directly. Simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(3): 49‐58, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21286
Fluid shear stress induces arterial differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (2008)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mobilized from bone marrow to peripheral blood and contribute to angiogenesis in tissues. In the process, EPCs are exposed to the shear stress generated by blood flow and tissue fluid flow. Our previous study showed that shear stress promotes differentiation of EPCs into mature endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether EPCs differentiate into arterial or venous endothelial cells in response to shear stress. When cultured EPCs derived from human peripheral blood were exposed to controlled levels of shear stress in a flow-loading device, the mRNA levels of the arterial endothelial cell markers ephrinB2, Notch1/3, Hey1/2, and activin receptor-like kinase 1 increased, but the mRNA levels of the venous endothelial cell markers EphB4 and neuropilin-2 decreased. Both the ephrinB2 increase and the EphB4 decrease were shear stress dependent rather than shear rate dependent. EphrinB2 protein was increased in shear-stressed EPCs, and the increase in ephrinB2 expression was due to activated transcription and not mRNA stabilization. Deletion analysis of the ephrinB2 promoter indicated that the cis-element (shear stress response element) is present within 106 bp 5' upstream from the transcription initiation site. This region contains the Sp1 consensus sequence, and a mutation in its sequence decreased the basal level of transcription and abolished shear stress-induced ephrinB2 transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that shear stress markedly increased binding of Sp1 to its consensus sequence. These results indicate that shear stress induces differentiation of EPCs into arterial endothelial cells by increasing ephrinB2 expression in EPCs through Sp1 activation.
Ferritin accumulation and degradation in different organs of pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) during development (1991)

Iron concentration and ferritin distribution have been determined in different organs of pea (Pisum sativum) during development under conditions of continuous iron supply from hydroponic cultures. No ferritin was detected in total protein extracts from roots or leaves. However, a transient iron accumulation in the roots, which corresponds to an increase in iron uptake, was observed when young fruits started to develop. Ferritin was detectable in total protein extracts of flowers and pods, and it accumulated in seeds. In seeds, the same relative amount of ferritin was detected in cotyledons and in the embryo axis. In cotyledons, ferritin and iron concentration decrease progressively during the first week of germination. Ferritin in the embryo axis was processed, and disappeared, during germination, within the first 4 days of radicle and epicotyl growth. This degradation of ferritin in vivo was marked by a shortening of a 28 kDa subunit, giving 26.5 and 25 kDa polypeptides, reminiscent of the radical damage occurring in pea seed ferritin during iron exchange in vitro [Laulhere, Laboure & Briat (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3629-3635]. Developmental control of iron concentration and ferritin distribution in different organs of pea is discussed.
Princes pier - gateway to the nation (2013)

Princes Pier, one of the Port Melbourne piers, has played key roles in maritime transport and historical events including both world wars and post war migration that have shaped and built Australia as a nation. These events have held extraordinary significance both to our nation's identity and to the wider global community. Not only was it a crucial link in sea transport that provided goods and materials as Australia was building itself as a nation, for many people Princes Pier was the first or last part of this country they saw. Supported by over 5000 timber piles, it is one of the largest timber piled structures in the southern hemisphere. Together with Station Pier, it played a crucial role in the Port of Melbourne for much of the twentieth century. Princes Pier's significance was recognised when it was added to the Victorian Heritage Register in March 1995 with the highest category of heritage listing. Almost one hundred years since the first ship left from Princes Pier for World War I, it has recently been revitalised and reopened as a new and exciting public space on the waterfront.
Ammonia Vapor Removal by Cu<sub>3</sub>(BTC)<sub>2</sub> and Its Characterization by MAS NMR (2009)

Adsorption equilibria and NMR experiments were performed to study the adsorption and interactions of ammonia with metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1, or Cu(3)(BTC)(2) (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate). Ammonia capacities determined from chemical breakthrough measurements show significantly higher uptake capacities than from adsorption alone, suggesting a stronger interaction involving a potential reaction with the Cu(3)(BTC)(2) framework. Indeed, (1)H MAS NMR reveals that a major disruption of the relatively simple spectrum of Cu(3)(BTC)(2) occurs to generate a composite spectrum consistent with Cu(OH)(2) and (NH(4))(3)BTC species under humid conditions-the anticipated products of a copper(II) carboxylate reacted with limited ammonia. These species are not detected under dry conditions; however, reaction stoichiometry combined with XRD results suggests the partial formation of an indeterminate diammine copper (II) complex with some residual Cu(3)(BTC)(2) structure retained. Cu(II)-induced paramagnetic shifts exhibited by various species in (1)H and (13)C MAS NMR spectra are consistent with model compounds and previous literature. Although results show extensive ammonia capacity of Cu(3)(BTC)(2), much of the capacity is due to reaction with the structure itself, causing a permanent loss in porosity and structural integrity.
Changes in the Emulsifying and Foaming Properties of Proteins during Heat Denaturation (1983)

Changes in the emulsifying and foaming properties of ovalbumin, 7S globulin, κ-casein, β-lactoglobuHn and bovine serum albumin were followed during heat denaturation, and these surface properties were correlated with the corresponding surface hydrophobicity, in order to investigate the role of surface hydrophobicity in the surface properties of proteins. The surface hydrophobicity of ovalbumin, 7S globulin and jc-casein increased with heat denaturation, while that of β-lactoglobuHn and bovine serum albumin decreased. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of proteins correlated linearly with surface hydrophobicity, although protein structure changed greatly during heat denaturation. On the other hand, the foaming power of proteins correlated curvilinearly with surface hydrophobicity during heat denaturation. No significant correlation was observed between the foam stability and the surface hydrophobicity of proteins. On the basis of these results, the relationships between the surface properties and the structure of proteins are discussed.
Toll-like receptor TLR2 and TLR9 ligation triggers neutrophil activation in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (2013)

Expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in PMNs and the TLR-induced activation of PMNs was comparable in GPA and HC. mPR3 upregulation by TLR2 and TLR9 stimulation and the priming effect of TLR ligands on PMNs may have a potential implication for triggering disease activity during infection in GPA.
<i>Funding and project officer</i> How it works (2007)

In 2003 Shari Baker became a full−time funding and project officer for 23 schools in Leeds. Four years on, she discusses funding strategies and reveals how successful her role has been for the schools in question.
Mixed Claims Commission—United States and Germany: Arthur Sewall & Company <i>et al v</i>. Germany (1926)

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Concurrent operations on B-trees with overtaking (1985)

Algorithms for concurrent operations (i.e., searches, insertions, and deletions) on B∗-trees are presented. These algorithms improve those given by Lehman and Yao (ACM Trans. Database Systems 6, No. 4 (1981), 650–670), since an insertion process has to lock only one node at any time (as opposed to locking simultaneously two or three nodes in ibid. Another improvement is the ability to compress the tree when some nodes become too sparse as a result of some deletions. Compressing the tree is done by a process that periodically scans the whole tree while running concurrently with the other operations. Alternatively, it is possible to initiate a compression process after each deletion that leaves a node less than half full. These compression processes may run concurrently with the other operations, and they scan only the nodes that have to be compressed. Each compression process has to lock simultaneously three nodes.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Reactions Initiated by Hydroamination of Alkynyl Carbamates: Application to the Synthesis of Nitidine (2009)

As a convenient and direct synthesis of 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines, the gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of (2-alkynyl)benzyl carbamates has been developed. The reaction with cationic gold(I) complex [AuCl(PPh(3))/AgNTf(2)] proceeded at room temperature, giving the desired 6-endo adducts. The addition of alcohol efficiently promoted the reaction, and the amount of the catalyst could be reduced to 1 mol %. However, the alkynes bearing either an electron-deficient aryl group or an alkyl group resulted in predominant production of 5-exo adducts. In such cases, use of a bulky gold catalyst, AuCl[(o-biPh)((t)Bu)(2)P]Cl/AgNTf(2), improved the regioselectivity, giving the 6-endo adducts in better yields. Furthermore, the hydroamination of alkynyl carbamates bearing an acetal or enone was successfully applied to the concise synthesis of tetracyclic heterocycles such as nitidine via the single catalyst-mediated tandem cyclization which consists of a condensation or a Michael addition of the resulting enecarbamates.
RAFFINOSE IMPROVES LUNG PRESERVATION FOR 24 HOURS IN LOW POTASSIUM DEXTRAN GLUCOSE SOLUTION: A HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. (2000)

Fischer, Stefan1; Hopkinson, David1; Liu, Mingyao1; MacLean, Alexandra A.1; Edwards, Vernon2; Cutz, Ernest2; Keshavjee, Shaf1 Author Information
DNA‐Based Detection of Prostate Cancer in Blood, Urine, and Ejaculates (2001)

GSTP1 promoter methylation analysis provides a highly specific tool for DNA-based diagnosis of prostate cancer in body fluids.
Mobile channel estimation for decision directed RAKE receivers operating in fast fading radio channels (2002)

The authors describe a robust channel prediction technique for a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) system in a fast fading environment. For improved performance the RAKE filter taps are coherently combined, hence accurate channel estimation is required. An FIR type linear prediction filter for each RAKE filter tap is used to estimate the channel response. In order to do this, the data decisions are fed back to the prediction filter. The stability of the proposed system is achieved through differential encoding of the data bits. It is demonstrated through simulations that the performance of the proposed decision directed receiver is better than that of an idealised receiver where channel estimation is not corrupted by decision feedback errors (e.g. by means of employing a pilot signal). The channel estimate can be significantly improved by employing a second stage channel estimation filter.