gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Callotasis Method of Limb Lengthening (1989)

Callotasis is a lengthening technique that involves slow, controlled distraction after subperiosteal-submetaphyseal osteotomy. The technique and its advantages over other methods are described. Results of lengthenings involving 270 operated bone segments (146 femurs and 124 tibias) in 140 patients are reviewed. Ninety-five patients had limb-length inequality and 45 had hypochondroplasia or achondroplasia. On average, 6.6 cm, or 24.6% of initial length, was gained. The mean healing index was 39; the complication rate was 13.3%.
An Animal Model Based on the Sprague Dawley Rat for the Evaluation of Ototoxicity (1999)

Various methodological approaches that can be used to detect ototoxic effects caused by the administration of various substances are presented, using the Sprague-Dawley rat as an animal model. Electrophysiological data are also presented to show how the model behaves with potentially ototoxic (hyaluronic acid) and initially inert (hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose) substances.
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Gene Expression in Theca Cells: Augmented Transcriptional Regulation and mRNA Stability in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2012)

Hyperandrogenism is characteristic of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Ovarian theca cells isolated from PCOS follicles and maintained in long-term culture produce elevated levels of progestins and androgens compared to normal theca cells. Augmented steroid production in PCOS theca cells is associated with changes in the expression of genes for several steroidogenic enzymes, including CYP11A1, which encodes cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage. Here, we further examined CYP11A1 gene expression, at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level in normal and PCOS theca cells propagated in long-term culture utilizing quantitative RT-PCR, functional promoter analyses, and mRNA degradation studies. The minimal element(s) that conferred increased basal and cAMP-dependent CYP11A1 promoter function were determined. CYP11A1 mRNA half-life in normal and PCOS theca cells was compared. Results of these cumulative studies showed that basal and forskolin stimulated steady state CYP11A1 mRNA abundance and CYP11A1 promoter activity were increased in PCOS theca cells. Deletion analysis of the CYP11A1 promoter demonstrated that augmented promoter function in PCOS theca cells results from increased basal regulation conferred by a minimal sequence between -160 and -90 bp of the transcriptional start site. The transcription factor, nuclear factor 1C2, was observed to regulate basal activity of this minimal CYP11A1 element. Examination of mRNA stability in normal and PCOS theca cells demonstrated that CYP11A1 mRNA half-life increased >2-fold, from approximately 9.22+/-1.62 h in normal cells, to 22.38+/-0.92 h in PCOS cells. Forskolin treatment did not prolong CYP11A1 mRNA stability in either normal or PCOS theca cells. The 5'-UTR of CYP11A1 mRNA confers increased basal mRNA stability in PCOS cells. In conclusion, these studies show that elevated steady state CYP11A1 mRNA abundance in PCOS cells results from increased transactivation of the CYP11A1 promoter and increased CYP11A1 mRNA stability.
Understanding the relationship between DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation (2014)

DNA methylation acts as an epigenetic modification in vertebrate DNA. Recently it has become clear that the DNA and histone lysine methylation systems are highly interrelated and rely mechanistically on each other for normal chromatin function in vivo. Here we examine some of the functional links between these systems, with a particular focus on several recent discoveries suggesting how lysine methylation may help to target DNA methylation during development, and vice versa. In addition, the emerging role of non-methylated DNA found in CpG islands in defining histone lysine methylation profiles at gene regulatory elements will be discussed in the context of gene regulation.
A TRPA1 antagonist reverts oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain (2013)

Neuropathic pain (NeP) is generally considered an intractable problem, which becomes compelling in clinical practice when caused by highly effective chemotherapeutics, such as in the treatment of cancer with oxaliplatin (OXA) and related drugs. In the present work we describe a structurally new compound, ADM_09, which proved to effectively revert OXA-induced NeP in vivo in rats without eliciting the commonly observed negative side-effects. ADM_09 does not modify normal behavior in rats, does not show any toxicity toward astrocyte cell cultures, nor any significant cardiotoxicity. Patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that ADM_09 is an effective antagonist of the nociceptive sensor channel TRPA1, which persistently blocks mouse as well as human variants of TRPA1. A dual-binding mode of action has been proposed for ADM_09, in which a synergic combination of calcium-mediated binding of the carnosine residue and disulphide-bridge-forming of the lipoic acid residue accounts for the observed persistent blocking activity toward the TRPA1 channel.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation Method Catalyzed by Pd/C Using Diphenylsulfide as a Reasonable Catalyst Poison. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A novel design of a generational garbage collector (2004)

We describe an efficient and flexible generation-scavenging garbage collector toolkit. Our methodology succeeds in systems where the cost associated with any single operation is bounded by a small time constant. The collector maintains several "generations" of objects. Newly created objects are all put in the "youngest generation" and when the space allocated for that generation is full, the collector uses the root set to reclaim dead objects from the youngest generation only, leaving the older generations untouched. Objects that survive after several collections of the youngest generation are "promoted" to the older generation. In this way, the collector assures that recently created regions contain high percentages of garbage and have garbage collected frequently. The framework has been implemented in a library and tested against formidable real world applications. Hence the proposed system eliminates the possibility of storage-management bugs, making the design of complex, object-oriented systems much easier. This can be accomplished with almost no change to the language itself and only small changes to existing implementations, while retaining compatibility with existing class libraries.
THEORY OF A CW SUPERSONIC NITROGEN RECOMBINATION LASER (1980)

Quasi-two dimensional model calculations show the possibility to realize a cw atomic nitrogen laser, pumped by the recombination process in rapidly expanded plasma flows. Sufficient gain for lasing is demonstrated for stagnation conditions of 13 000 ⩽ To ⩽ 24 000 K and 2 ⩽ Po ⩽ 30 kPa. Location and size of the gain regimes in the flow direction depend on the plasma starting condition. At a wavelength of 0.91 µm values of small signal gain up to 0.6 m-1 can be attained. The model is described and some selected results are presented. The effect of the electron heat conduction is discussed.
Inhibition of biological activity of multiplication-stimulating activity by binding to its carrier protein. (1980)

Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) produced by Buffalo rat liver cells (BRL-3A) in culture is related to the somatomedin family of growth regulatory polypeptides. MSA will stimulate glucose transport and DNA synthesis in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) at concentrations of 10-200 ng/ml. MSA found in BRL-3A-conditioned medium, like the somatomedins in serum, does not exist as the free hormone but is bound to a specific high molecular weight carrier protein. In this report we demonstrate that purified MSA carrier protein (MCP) inhibits the biological activity of MSA on CEF as measured by the stimulation of glucose transport and DNA synthesis. In addition, purified MCP competitively inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled MSA to these cells. In control experiments in which insulin was used as the mitogenic agent, MCP had no effect on these biological responses. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of MCP is the result of specific interaction with MSA and support the hypothesis that cells may be unresponsive to somatomedins bound to their serum carrier proteins.
Mechanistic investigation of molybdenum blue method for determination of phosphate (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic investigation of molybdenum blue method for determination of phosphateStanley R. Crouch and H. V. MalmstadtCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 10, 1084–1089Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60254a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60254a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3078Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of dietary fish oil on .omega.-3 fatty acid levels in chicken eggs and thigh flesh (1990)

Incorporation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into chicken egg, thigh meat, and adipose tissue was studied by feeding laying hens diets containing up to 3% menhaden oil for 4 weeks. Dietary fish oil increased eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3 (EPA)) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3 (DHA)) in the fatty acid distribution of egg yolk. In thigh meat EPA did not increase while the DHA increased with 3% dietary fish oil. The levels of EPA and DHA in adipose tissue increased with increased dietary fish oil. The ratio of EPA to DHA in egg and thigh meat was inversely proportional to the ratio in fish oil. Organoleptic evaluation showed that eggs and thigh meat remained acceptable with up to a 3% dietary fish oil stabilized with 0.1% ethoxyquin. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mutational analysis of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/ligand interactions. Evidence for the involvement of multiple complementarity determining region (CDR)-like loops in receptor domain I. (1994)

The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) mediates the transport of IgA and IgM across a variety of mucosal epithelia. The ectodomain of this receptor consists of five immunoglobulin-like domains (I-V), the first four being structurally similar to immunoglobulin variable regions, and the fifth to Ig constant regions. This study examines the structural features of the pIgR that participate in binding of the ligand, dimeric IgA (dIgA). Recent evidence suggests that a highly conserved region of the first Ig-like domain (domain I) may be important in this process (Bakos, M.A., Kurosky, A., and Goldblum, R. M. (1991) J. Immunol. 147, 3419-3426). In support of this hypothesis, molecular modeling of domain I places this conserved region in an exposed loop analogous to the CDR1 loop of Ig, suggesting that interactions between dIgA and the pIgR may be similar to those between antibodies and their cognate antigens. To test this hypothesis directly, we performed a mutagenic analysis of all three CDR-like loops in domain I of the pIgR. We found that point mutations in multiple residues of CDR1 produced effects on IgA binding ranging from minimal (90% of control) to profound (7%). In addition, we replaced regions corresponding to the CDR2 and CDR3 loops of domain I with their counterparts from domain II (which does not bind IgA), which in both cases resulted in complete abrogation of IgA binding. Taken together, these data suggest that each of the three CDR-like loops of domain I of the rabbit pIgR participates in the binding of dimeric IgA.
Automated content suggestion for document writing (2016)

Document writing can tend to be rather laborious and time-consuming. A good document requires substantial research to be performed on the subject of the document, followed by the additional task of aggregating the surveyed research into a comprehensive document with accurate and coherent content. In this paper, a dynamic content suggestion system is presented for document writing. The proposed system reduces human effort needed during the research phase by constantly analyzing the document context periodically and suggesting relevant content (text and media based), which can be added to the document by querying the web. The proposed solution helps in reducing the time to write documents by 42% as compared to the traditional methods of writing documents. Sophisticated statistical algorithms along with natural language processing technology are used to continuously determine the keywords and concepts from the content in the document. A web search is performed by ranking the most relevant keywords based on their score and the top five search results are chosen. The content from these web pages is then extracted and displayed on a tile-based user interface as a summary. This system aims to facilitate a faster and more efficient approach to document writing.
Thermally activated phenolic fibers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermally activated phenolic fibersAndreas G. Andreopoulos and James EconomyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 4, 594–597Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00016a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00016a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High energy, sub-picosecond pulse compression at10 GHzusing a fibre/fibre-grating pulse compressor (1995)

The authors report a fibre/fibre-grating pulse compressor suitable for compressing high energy, high repetition rate picosecond pulses to sub-picosecond durations. Linearly chirped fibre gratings and an optical circulator are used for output chirp compensation. This scheme is not limited to wavelength regimes with anomalous dispersion in the fibre. A 10 GHz train of 7.1 ps pulses at 1548 nm was compressed to 720 fs, corresponding to a compression factor of ~10. At maximum power, the compressed pulses had 18 pJ energies and peak powers of 15 W.
High power density SiGe millimeter-wave power amplifiers (2011)

This paper presents measured results for two-stage and three-stage high-voltage/high-power (HiVP) amplifiers implemented in a commercial 0.12 μm silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (BiCMOS) process at millimeter wave. The HiVP configuration provides a new tool for millimeter-wave silicon designers to achieve large output voltage swings, high output power density, customizable bias, and a way to minimize, if not eliminate, matching circuitry at millimeter-wave frequencies. The two-stage amplifier has achieved a P SAT = 5.41 dBm with a power added efficiency (PAE) of 8.06% at center frequency 30 GHz. The three-stage amplifier has achieved a P SAT = 8.85 dBm with a PAE of 11.35% with a total chip area of 0.068 mm 2 at center frequency 30 GHz. Simulation, layout, fabrication, and measurement results are presented in this paper.
Mode-matched phase diffractive optical element for detecting laser modes with spiral phases (2007)

A new type of diffractive optical element for detecting and measuring the power distribution of transverse modes emanating from radially symmetric laser resonators is presented. It is based on a relatively simple straightforward design of a phase-only diffractive optical element that serves as a matched filter, which correlates between specific prerecorded transverse modes with a certain azimuthal mode order and those in the incident laser light. Computer simulations supported by experimental results demonstrate how such elements can accurately detect modes with spiral phases and provide quantitative results on the modal power distribution.
LCM: Lightweight Communications and Marshalling (2010)

We describe the Lightweight Communications and Marshalling (LCM) library for message passing and data marshalling. The primary goal of LCM is to simplify the development of low-latency message passing systems, especially for real-time robotics research applications. Messages can be transmitted between different processes using LCM's publish/subscribe message-passing system. A platformand language-independent type specification language separates message description from implementation. Message specifications are automatically compiled into language-specific bindings, eliminating the need for users to implement marshalling code while guaranteeing run-time type safety. LCM is notable in providing a real-time deep traffic inspection tool that can decode and display message traffic with minimal user effort and no impact on overall system performance. This and other features emphasize LCM's focus on simplifying both the development and debugging of message passing systems. In this paper, we explain the design of LCM, evaluate its performance, and describe its application to a number of autonomous land, underwater, and aerial robots.
Local TNF causes NFATc1-dependent cholesterol-mediated podocyte injury (2016)

High levels of circulating TNF and its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, predict the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but their contribution to organ damage in DKD remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of local and systemic TNF in podocyte injury. We cultured human podocytes with sera collected from DKD patients, who displayed elevated TNF levels, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients, whose TNF levels resembled those of healthy patients. Exogenous TNF administration or local TNF expression was equally sufficient to cause free cholesterol-dependent apoptosis in podocytes by acting through a dual mechanism that required a reduction in ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated (ABCA1-mediated) cholesterol efflux and reduced cholesterol esterification by sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1). TNF-induced albuminuria was aggravated in mice with podocyte-specific ABCA1 deficiency and was partially prevented by cholesterol depletion with cyclodextrin. TNF-stimulated free cholesterol-dependent apoptosis in podocytes was mediated by nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1). ABCA1 overexpression or cholesterol depletion was sufficient to reduce albuminuria in mice with podocyte-specific NFATc1 activation. Our data implicate an NFATc1/ABCA1-dependent mechanism in which local TNF is sufficient to cause free cholesterol-dependent podocyte injury irrespective of TNF, TNFR1, or TNFR2 serum levels.
Integrating the Intelligent Driver Model With the Action Point Paradigm to Enhance the Performance of Autonomous Driving (2020)

Autonomous driving is designed to enhance the overall performance of vehicular traffic. The primary objective of this study is to develop an improved car-following model for adaptive cruise control (ACC) by integrating conventional automated logic with human factors. Specifically, a modeling framework is proposed with a generalization of a classical action point paradigm describing drivers' psychological reactions and expectations. The action points are determined from collected data, from which the unconscious and conscious reaction regimes can be identified. Based on this identification, the human-like driving mode is carried out, and its corresponding acceleration model is developed to reproduce empirical car-following spiral within the unconscious regime, whereas the conventional autonomous mode driven by the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is used to calculate changes in acceleration for the conscious regime. To integrate the two modes, a switching rule considering the random occurrence of action points is also determined. The results of numerical experiments reveal that simulated macroscopic traffic is compatible with the three-phase theory. Moreover, traffic mobility in terms of throughput and speed is significantly improved compared to that achieved by the classical IDM. Asymptotic stability is achieved in four typical fluctuation scenarios, as the amplitudes of fluctuations converge while travelling along the vehicular platoon. However, the classical IDM fails to maintain such stability. The proposed model enables ACC to drive in accordance with drivers' psychological traits, and consequently has the potential to increase the acceptance of autonomous driving. It also has the ability to help ACC enhance traffic efficiency and safety.
Applications of Azimuthal Anisotropy from Dipole Shear Sonic in Western Venezuela (1996)

Abstract Wellbore mechanical properties have long been used to model formation responses when planning highly deviated wells, horizontal wells and fracture treatments. Now, with the inclusion of the maximum stress direction and horizontal stress ratio, a complete model of the formation response to stress can be obtained. The fact that shear waves will split and become polarized parallel and perpendicular to natural fractures is well documented. The fact that the fast shear wave is oriented in the direction of the maximum horizontal stress is also well documented. Cross dipole shear data from a digital sonic tool is processed to obtain oriented fast and slow shear waves. The theory of shear anisotropy processing is reviewed and the quality control and interpretation of the resulting anisotropy log are discussed. For this case study, azimuthal anisotropy data obtained from dipole shear sonic logging in Western Venezuela is used to determine the direction of maximum horizontal stress and horizontal stress ratio. This information is then used to determine the oriented mechanical properties. These mechanical properties are presented in the form of an oriented wellbore stability analysis. When the information obtained from dipole shear sonic anisotropy logging is used in the planning of horizontal wells, deviated wells and fracture treatments the overall cost of the well can be reduced. Using this information, efficiency can be increased and potential problems can be avoided.