gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-CD3 Preconditioning Separates GVL from GVHD Via Modulating Host Dendritic and Donor T Cell Migration in TBI-Conditioned Recipients (2008)

Abstract Host dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating graft versus host disease (GVHD) and graft versus leukemia (GVL), and separation of GVL from GVHD remains a major challenge in the treatment of hematological malignancies by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Here, we show that preconditioning with anti- CD3 mAb before conditioning with total body irradiation prevents GVHD but retains GVL in a HCT model of MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 donor to BALB/c host. Prevention of GVHD is associated with inhibition of donor T expression of homing and chemokine receptors and inhibition of GVHD target tissue expression of chemokines. Furthermore, inhibition of donor T expression of gut homing a4b7 and chemokine receptor CCR9 by anti-CD3 preconditioning results from reduction of CD103+ DCs in draining mesenteric lymph nodes, which is associated with downregulation of DC expression of CCR7, a receptor required for tissue DC migration to draining LN. These results indicate that anti-CD3 preconditioning reduces not only tissue release of chemokines but also prevents tissue DC migration to draining LN and subsequently reduces draining LN DC’s capacity in imprinting donor T tissue tropism. Therefore, modulation of host DCs by anti-CD3 preconditioning before HCT represents a new approach for separating GVL from GVHD. (Li and Chen contribute equally.
Modified yeast cells to investigate the coupling of G protein‐coupled receptors to specific G proteins (2003)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) help to regulate the physiology of all the major organ systems. They respond to a multitude of ligands and activate a range of effector proteins to bring about the appropriate cellular response. The choice of effector is largely determined by the interaction of individual GPCRs with different G proteins. Several factors influence this interaction, and a better understanding of the process may enable a more rational approach to identifying compounds that affect particular signalling pathways. A number of systems have been developed for the analysis of GPCRs. All provide useful information, but the genetic amenability and relative simplicity of yeast makes them a particularly attractive option for ligand identification and pharmaceutical screening. Many, but not all, GPCRs are functional in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and we have developed reporter strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as an alternative host. To provide a more generic system for investigating GPCRs, we created a series of yeast-human Galpha-transplants, in which the last five residues at the C-terminus of the yeast Galpha-subunit are replaced with the corresponding residues from different human G proteins. These enable GPCRs to be coupled to the Sz. pombe signalling machinery so that stimulation with an appropriate ligand induces the expression of a signal-dependent lacZ reporter gene. We demonstrate the specificity of the system using corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and CRF-related peptides on two CRF receptors. We find that different combinations of ligand and receptor activate different Galpha-transplants, and the specificity of the coupling is similar to that in mammalian systems. Thus, CRF signalled through the Gs- and Gi-transplants, consistent with its regulation of adenylate cyclase, and was more active against the CRF-R1A receptor than against the CRF-R2B receptor. In contrast, urocortin II and urocortin III were selective for the CRF-R2B receptors. Furthermore, urocortin, but not CRF, induced signalling through the CRF-R1A receptor and the Gq-transplant. This is the first time that human GPCRs have been coupled to the signalling pathway in Sz. pombe, and the strains described in this study will complement the other systems available for studying this important family of receptors.
Measurement of phase error distributions in silica-basedarrayed-waveguidegrating multiplexers by using Fourier transform spectroscopy (1994)

The phase errors caused by deviations in the designed lengths of the optical paths in silica-based arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexers were measured using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The measurement accuracy was ±1°. The phase errors in an AWG multiplexer with a channel spacing of 10 GHz and a channel crosstalk of –15 dB were randomly distributed between –122 and 90°.
Essentials of Shared Services (2002)

Preface. 1 Overview. 2 The Corporation. 3 Shared Business Unit. 4 Process. 5 Technology. 6 Evaluation. 7 Economics. 8 Getting There. Further Reading. Glossary. Index.
A Materials Approach to the Dual‐Site Isolation of Catalysts Bonded to Linear Polymers and Small, Ionic Molecules for Use in One‐Pot Cascade Reactions (2008)

Site isolation of ionic catalysts and polymer-bound catalysts is achieved by placement on different sides of PDMS membranes. Ionic molecules and polymers do not flux through the PDMS membranes, but organic molecules can flux through the membranes and react with catalysts that are incompatible with each other. This is a general approach to site-isolate catalysts from each other. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modeling aberrations due to mismatched layers for 3-D microscopy (1990)

Oil immersion microscope objective lenses have been designed and optimized to study thin, two-dimensional sections of objects that are monuted in a medium which is index-matched to the immersion oil and located immediately below the coverslip. The 3-D image formed by an objective lens will be subject to aberrations if any of the design conditions are not met. The degree of the aberrations can be calculated by comparing the optical paths of rays traveling through the microscope in a non-design system to those of correspondig rays traveling through the microscope under the design conditions.
Primary structure of maize pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase as deduced from cDNA sequence. (1988)

We have isolated two overlapping cDNA clones that encompass the entire structural gene for pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase from maize. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence has revealed that the cDNA clones include an insert of a total of 3,171 nucleotides without a poly(A) tail and encode a polypeptide that contains 947 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 102,673. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase protein with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence shows that the mature form of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase in the maize chloroplast consists of 876 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 95,353. The amino acid composition of the deduced sequence of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase is in good agreement with that of the purified enzyme. The region that contains the active and regulatory sites of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase can be found in the deduced sequence of amino acids. We have predicted the secondary structure and calculated the hydropathy pattern of this region. The extra 71 residues at the N terminus of the deduced sequence of amino acid residues corresponds to the transit peptide which is indispensable for the transport of the precursor protein into chloroplasts. We have compared the primary structure of the pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase transit peptide to those of other proteins and found sequences similar to the consensus sequences found in other transit peptides.
Stable and Inert Yttrium(III) Complexes with Pyclen-Based Ligands Bearing Pendant Picolinate Arms: Toward New Pharmaceuticals for β-Radiotherapy (2018)

We report the synthesis of two azaligands based on the pyclen macrocyclic platform containing two picolinate and one acetate pendant arms. The two ligands differ in the relative positions of the pendant functions, which are arranged either in a symmetrical (L3) or nonsymmetrical (L4) fashion. The complexation properties of the ligands toward <sup>nat</sup>Y<sup>3+</sup> and <sup>90</sup>Y<sup>3+</sup> were investigated to assess their potential as chelating units for radiopharmaceutical applications. The X-ray structures of the YL3 and YL4 complexes show nonadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ions. A multinuclear <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>89</sup>Y NMR study shows that the complexes present a structure in solution similar to that observed in the solid state. The two complexes present very high thermodynamic stability constants (log K<sub>YL</sub> = 23.36(2) and 23.07(2) for YL3 and YL4, respectively). The complexes also show a remarkable inertness with respect to their proton-assisted dissociation, especially YL4. <sup>90</sup>Y radiolabeling was proved to be efficient under mild conditions. The <sup>90</sup>YL3 and <sup>90</sup>YL4 radiochelates were found to be more stable than <sup>90</sup>Y(DOTA).
Solar treatment of cohesive particles in a directly irradiated rotary kiln (2019)

Although the utilization of concentrated solar power (CSP) for electricity production is already at commercial stage, the application to energy intensive industrial processes is still at an early stage. Among these, the cement industry is one of the biggest CO2-emitters and requires temperature levels achievable with concentrated solar radiation. Since fine particles have to be treated in this process, several challenges arise from the implementation of solar energy in such applications. In this work we present the design and experimental assessment of a high temperature solar rotary kiln to perform the calcination of cement raw meal. With input powers of about 14 kW, material flows of 4–12 kg/h were treated and calcination degrees ranged from 24 to 99%. The chemical efficiency was between 8 and 20% while total efficiencies (thermal plus chemical) between 19 and 40% were achieved. The creation of dust, which is a major issue with particles in the µm-range, could be kept under control by applying a suitable suction system at the reactor aperture. The influence of the mass flow rate, residence time and kiln temperatures on the calcination were analysed to identify key points for further improvement.
Rapid separation and laser‐induced fluorescence detection of mutated DNA by capillary electrophoresis in a self‐coating, low‐viscosity polymer matrix (2003)

The detection of point and other simple mutations in DNA is important for cancer research and diagnosis and other biological studies. Capillary electrophoresis has been successfully used for separating DNA fragments. However, a low-viscosity polymer sieving buffer for DNA separation with on-line coating has never been reported. In this paper, a new method using capillary electrophoresis with on-line coating and laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for screening for point or simple DNA mutations has been demonstrated. The method uses an on-line dynamic coating technique that increases capillary lifetime and analysis reproducibility, and employs a low-viscosity polymer solution, which allows the user to rinse the capillary rapidly and refill with polymer solution easily. Experiments proved that the additives in the separation buffer for on-line capillary coating do not affect the separation efficiency of the running buffer, and do not interfere with the formation of hydrogen-bonded network between boric acid, mannitol and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose polymers. The stability of the dynamically coated capillary was quantitatively studied; the capillary lifetime was increased 6- to 7-fold compared with that of permanently coated CE columns. Standard DNA fragments containing mutations, with sizes of 209, 219, and 338 bps, were successfully separated and detected with this system, after the mutated DNA fragments were cleaved by CEL-I endonuclease. The technique is very sensitive for the size-separation of low-range, middle-range, and high-range DNA fragments. Results were compared with the HPLC methods developed by Transgenomic, Inc. and were in good agreement. The method should be applicable to mutation detection for all relevant biological and clinical studies. The factors influencing separations and the stability of dynamic capillary coatings are also discussed in the paper.
Small Nucleolar RNA Clusters in Trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma (2004)

Trypanosomatid small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes are clustered in the genome. snoRNAs are transcribed polycistronically and processed into mature RNAs. In this study, we characterized four snoRNA clusters in Leptomonas collosoma. All of the clusters analyzed carry both C/D and H/ACA RNAs. The H/ACA RNAs are composed of a single hairpin, a structure typical to trypanosome and archaea guide RNAs. Using deletion and mutational analysis of a tagged C/D snoRNA situated within the snoRNA cluster, we identified 10-nucleotide flanking sequences that are essential for processing snoRNA from its precursor. Chromosome walk was performed on a snoRNA cluster, and a sequence of 700 bp was identified between the first repeat and the upstream open reading frame. Cloning of this sequence in an episome vector enhanced the expression of a tagged snoRNA gene in an orientation-dependent manner. However, continuous transcript spanning of this region was detected in steady-state RNA, suggesting that snoRNA transcription also originates from an upstream-long polycistronic transcriptional unit. The 700-bp fragment may therefore represent an example of many more elements to be discovered that enhance transcription along the chromosome, especially when transcription from the upstream gene is reduced or when enhanced transcription is needed.
Organic Light Emitting Devices with Linearly-Graded Mixed Host Architecture (2012)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Chemistry, 2012
Experimental correction of footdrop by electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve (1975)

Footdrop was corrected in thirteen of sixteen patients with centrally paralyzed ankle dorsiflexor muscles who were treated by electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve by means of surgically implanted electrodes. Four patients required surgical revision before a good result was obtained. After follow-ups of more than three years there was no evidence of any nerve damage caused by chronic electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve.
Identification of the Hydrophobic Ligand Binding Pocket of the S1P1 Receptor (2006)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a naturally occurring sphingolipid mediator and also a second messenger with growth factor-like actions in almost every cell type, is an endogenous ligand of five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the endothelial differentiation gene family. The lack of GPCR crystal structures sets serious limitations to rational drug design and in silico searches for subtype-selective ligands. Here we report on the experimental validation of a computational model of the ligand binding pocket of the S1P1 GPCR surrounding the aliphatic portion of S1P. The extensive mutagenesis-based validation confirmed 18 residues lining the hydrophobic ligand binding pocket, which, combined with the previously validated three head group-interacting residues, now complete the mapping of the S1P ligand recognition site. We identified six mutants (L3.43G/L3.44G, L3.43E/L3.44E, L5.52A, F5.48G, V6.40L, and F6.44G) that maintained wild type [32P]S1P binding with abolished ligand-dependent activation by S1P. These data suggest a role for these amino acids in the conformational transition of S1P1 to its activated state. Three aromatic mutations (F5.48Y, F6.44G, and W6.48A) result in differential activation, by S1P or SEW2871, indicating that structural differences between the two agonists can partially compensate for differences in the amino acid side chain. The now validated ligand binding pocket provided us with a pharmacophore model, which was used for in silico screening of the NCI, National Institutes of Health, Developmental Therapeutics chemical library, leading to the identification of two novel nonlipid agonists of S1P1.
The OhrR repressor senses organic hydroperoxides by reversible formation of a cysteine-sulfenic acid derivative (2002)

Reactive oxygen species induce the expression of detoxification and repair genes critical for life in an aerobic environment. Bacterial factors that sense reactive oxygen species use either thiol-disulfide exchange reactions (OxyR, RsrA) or redox labile 2Fe-2S clusters (SoxR). We demonstrate that the reduced form of Bacillus subtilis OhrR binds cooperatively to two adjacent inverted repeat sequences in the ohrA control region and thereby represses transcription. In the presence of organic hydroperoxides, OhrR is inactivated by the reversible oxidation of a single conserved cysteine residue to the corresponding cysteine-sulfenic acid, and perhaps to higher oxidation states.
Digestion of insect chromatin with micrococcal nuclease, DNase I and DNase I combined with single-strand specific nuclease S1 (1977)

The chromatin of the lepidopteran Ephestia kuehniella was digested by micrococcal nuclease, DNase I and S1-nuclease combined with DNase I pretreatment. The resulting DNA fragments were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and compared with the DNA fragments of rat liver nuclei obtained by the same process. Extensive homology was revealed between insect and mammalian chromatin structure. The combined DNase I- S1-nuclease digestion yields double-stranded DNA fragments of lengths from 30 to 110 base-pairs. These DNA fragments are not obtained from nuclei predigested extensively with micrococcal nuclease. The results are discussed with respect to the internal structure of the chromatin subunit.
The Definitive ANTLR 4 Reference (2013)

Programmers run into parsing problems all the time. Whether it’s a data format like JSON, a network protocol like SMTP, a server configuration file for Apache, a PostScript/PDF file, or a simple spreadsheet macro language—ANTLR v4 and this book will demystify the process. ANTLR v4 has been rewritten from scratch to make it easier than ever to build parsers and the language applications built on top. This completely rewritten new edition of the bestselling Definitive ANTLR Reference shows you how to take advantage of these new features.
Was erwarten wir vom Deutschunterricht im Ausland? (1972)

Die Frage IIl;t mehrere Deutungen, und also mehrere Antworten zu. Sie kinnte so aussehen: Welchen Nutzen, sei es ideeller, sei es materieller Art, erwartet die Bundesrepublik davon, dag in anderen Landern Deutsch gelernt wird? Sie konnte aber auch lauten: Welches Lern-Ergebnis, welchen Unterrichtserfolg erwarten wir als Zuschauer von aulen vom Deutschunterricht in einem bestimmten Land? Und auch eine dritte Interpretation ist denkbar: Welchen Nutzen erwarten wir uns, wiederum als Zuschauer, vom Deutschunterricht fir das betreffende Land selbst?
Leisure, Diversity and Social Justice (2000)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: Social justicediversityinstitutional inequitymarginalization
Stereoelectronic Effects Characterizing Nucleophilic Carbene Ligands Bound to the Cp*RuCl (Cp* = η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>) Moiety:  A Structural and Thermochemical Investigation (1999)

The reaction of [Cp*RuCl]4 (1) with carbene ligands affords unsaturated Cp*Ru(L)Cl [Cp* = η5-C5Me5; L = 1,3-R2-imidazol-2-ylidene [R = cyclohexyl (ICy, 2); 4-methylphenyl (ITol, 3); 4-chlorophenyl (IpCl, 4); adamantyl (IAd, 5)] and 4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMesCl, 6)] complexes 2−6 in high yield. Solution calorimetric investigations of this series provides a measure of the electron donor properties of all ligands, and comparisons are made with IMes [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] and the widely used PCy3. Structural information from single X-ray studies for complexes 2, 3, 5, 6, Cp*Ru(IMes)Cl (7), Cp*Ru(PCy3)Cl (8), and Cp*Ru(PiPr3)Cl (9) permits a quantitative treatment of steric parameters associated with these ligands.
Inhibition of parietal cell function by human gammaglobulin containing gastric parietal cell antibodies. (1980)

Parietal cell antibodies (PCA) are found in up to 90% of sera from pernicious anaemia patients but it is often stated that they could represent an epiphenomenon without being directly responsible for the achlorhydria. In the present studies a direct effect of these antibodies on the secretory function of gastric acid-secreting cells has been demonstrated in two different experimental systems. In one set of experiments IgGs containing PCA activity were shown to inhibit acid secretion specifically in the living gastric mucosa of the bull frog suspended as a diaphragm between two chambers. The other system demonstrated their inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in a cytochemical bioassay for human G17-gastrin, suggesting a blocking effect on the gastrin receptors in the canalicular microvilli or the cell membrane. These experiments suggest a direct pathogenic role for PCA in autoimmune fundal gastritis and in pernicious anaemia.
Development of a Silent Brushless DC Motor Drive (1999)

\n \t\t\tBrushless DC motors are known for their versatility and efficiency. Unfortunately the cheap and common method of using trapezoidal current control is not suitable for all applications because of the distracting acoustic noise made during commutation, known as 'ticking'. This paper outlines some methods of controlling the brushless motor to produce much less acoustic noise, including using a DSP for producing commutation period current wave-shaping and a sinusoidal Voltage/Frequency amplitude control.\n
CiD: automating the detection of API-related compatibility issues in Android apps (2018)

The Android Application Programming Interface provides the necessary building blocks for app developers to harness the functionalities of the Android devices, including for interacting with services and accessing hardware. This API thus evolves rapidly to meet new requirements for security, performance and advanced features, creating a race for developers to update apps. Unfortunately, given the extent of the API and the lack of automated alerts on important changes, Android apps are suffered from API-related compatibility issues. These issues can manifest themselves as runtime crashes creating a poor user experience. We propose in this paper an automated approach named CiD for systematically modelling the lifecycle of the Android APIs and analysing app bytecode to flag usages that can lead to potential compatibility issues. We demonstrate the usefulness of CiD by helping developers repair their apps, and we validate that our tool outperforms the state-of-the-art on benchmark apps that take into account several challenges for automatic detection.
Bioengineering for Organ Transplantation: Progress and Challenges (2015)

Organ transplantation can offer a curative option for patients with end stage organ failure. Unfortunately the treatment is severely limited by the availability of donor organs. Organ bioengineering could provide a solution to the worldwide critical organ shortage. The majority of protocols to date have employed the use of decellularization-recellularization technology of naturally occurring tissues and organs with promising results in heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine and kidney engineering. Successful decellularization has provided researchers with suitable scaffolds to attempt cell reseeding. Future work will need to focus on the optimization of organ specific recellularization techniques before organ bioengineering can become clinically translatable. This review will examine the current progress in organ bioengineering and highlight future challenges in the field.