gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flame Synthesis Of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Nanofibers (2003)

Carbon nanotubes are widely sought for a variety of applications including gas storage, intercalation media, catalyst support and composite reinforcing material [1]. Each of these applications will require large scale quantities of CNTs. A second consideration is that some of these applications may require redispersal of the collected CNTs and attachment to a support structure. If the CNTs could be synthesized directly upon the support to be used in the end application, a tremendous savings in post-synthesis processing could be realized. Therein we have pursued both aerosol and supported catalyst synthesis of CNTs. Given space limitations, only the aerosol portion of the work is outlined here though results from both thrusts will be presented during the talk. Aerosol methods of SWNT, MWNT or nanofiber synthesis hold promise of large-scale production to supply the tonnage quantities these applications will require. Aerosol methods may potentially permit control of the catalyst particle size, offer continuous processing, provide highest product purity and most importantly, are scaleable. Only via economy of scale will the cost of CNTs be sufficient to realize the large-scale structural and power applications on both earth and in space. Present aerosol methods for SWNT synthesis include laser ablation of composite metalgraphite targets or thermal decomposition/pyrolysis of a sublimed or vaporized organometallic [2]. Both approaches, conducted within a high temperature furnace, have produced single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). The former method requires sophisticated hardware and is inherently limited by the energy deposition that can be realized using pulsed laser light. The latter method, using expensive organometallics is difficult to control for SWNT synthesis given a range of gasparticle mixing conditions along variable temperature gradients; multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) are a far more likely end products. Both approaches require large energy expenditures and produce CNTs at prohibitive costs, around $500 per gram. Moreover these approaches do not possess demonstrated scalability. In contrast to these approaches, flame synthesis can be a very energy efficient, low-cost process [3]; a portion of the fuel serves as the heating source while the remainder serves as reactant. Moreover, flame systems are geometrically versatile as illustrated by innumerable boiler and furnace designs. Addressing scalability, flame systems are commercially used for producing megatonnage quantities of carbon black [4]. Although it presents a complex chemically reacting flow, a flame also offers many variables for control, e.g. temperature, chemical environment and residence times [5]. Despite these advantages, there are challenges to scaling flame synthesis as well.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Symbiotic Methanogens Living in the Hindgut of the Lower Termite <i>Reticulitermes speratus</i> Analyzed by PCR and In Situ Hybridization (1999)

A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 60 clones of archaeal small-subunit rRNA genes amplified from the termite Reticulitermes speratus revealed that most of them (56 clones) clustered in the genus Methanobrevibacter. Three clones were classified in the order Thermoplasmales. The Methanobrevibacter-related symbionts were detected by in situ hybridization analysis.
Blind protein structure prediction using accelerated free-energy simulations (2016)

We report a key proof of principle of a new acceleration method [Modeling Employing Limited Data (MELD)] for predicting protein structures by molecular dynamics simulation. It shows that such Boltzmann-satisfying techniques are now sufficiently fast and accurate to predict native protein structures in a limited test within the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) community-wide blind competition.
Unsupervised Feature Selection Using Nonnegative Spectral Analysis (2021)

In this paper, a new unsupervised learning algorithm, namely Nonnegative Discriminative Feature Selection (NDFS), is proposed. To exploit the discriminative information in unsupervised scenarios, we perform spectral clustering to learn the cluster labels of the input samples, during which the feature selection is performed simultaneously. The joint learning of the cluster labels and feature selection matrix enables NDFS to select the most discriminative features. To learn more accurate cluster labels, a nonnegative constraint is explicitly imposed to the class indicators. To reduce the redundant or even noisy features, l2,1-norm minimization constraint is added into the objective function, which guarantees the feature selection matrix sparse in rows. Our algorithm exploits the discriminative information and feature correlation simultaneously to select a better feature subset. A simple yet efficient iterative algorithm is designed to optimize the proposed objective function. Experimental results on different real world datasets demonstrate the encouraging performance of our algorithm over the state-of-the-arts.
Applicability of ADSL to support video dial tone in the copper loop (1994)

An ADSL-3 architecture providing a downstream payload above 6 Mb/s has been proposed for operation over carrier serving area (CSA) loops. To determine whether such a system can be reliably deployed in the telephone company copper loop plant, a detailed model for loops and noise is presented. Results show that a sophisticated system, including echo cancellation and trellis coding, can reliably achieve CSA coverage, if T1 is not present in the plant. In the presence of assumed T1 worst case conditions, either the downstream bit rate must be reduced, or the operating range needs to be decreased to a serving area smaller than the CSA. A smaller "mid-CSA" serving area is proposed, and it is demonstrated that a 6.3-Mb/s ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) system can operate in the presence of T1 in adjacent binder groups over this smaller serving area, which is roughly defined by 6 kilofeet of 26 gauge and 8 kilofeet of 24 gauge. A statistical study utilizing actual T1 line data suggests that if CSA coverage is attempted in the presence of T1 in adjacent binder groups, a success rate of greater than 92 percent can be expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Processing Photometric Full-Disk Solar Images (1997)

Daily, photometric, full-disk digital solar images have been taken at the San Fernando Observatory (SFO) at two resolutions and in several wavelengths for more than eleven years. We describe the standard data processing techniques used for these images, including: calibration, limb fitting, geometric correction, and production of a solar contrast map by limb-darkening removal. The resulting contrast maps have a photometric accuracy which is often a few tenths of a percent. We show that the geometric accuracy of our images, as measured by the reproducibility of disk and sunspot areas, is very high as well. The techniques described in this paper should be applicable to any instrument producing full-disk photometric images.
Science Can Get the Confession (1939)

BLOOD pressure and respiratory techniques for the detection of de- ception have been under discussion as legal evidence for nearly thirty years.In this country the respiratory technique has not been seriously considered in any jurisdiction.A combination of blood pressure and respiratory techniques has been presented in three cases, although the principal emphasis in these cases has been on the blood pressure technique.Two decisions have established precedent for the rejection of blood pressure techniques as admissible legal evidence.'The reasons for the rejection of polygraph records are clearly and uncompromisingly stated.In the case of State v. Bohner, 2 judge Wickhem sustained the decision of the lower court in excluding a lie detector test which was requested on behalf of the defendant.In his decision, judge Wickhem stated: "We are not satisfied that this instrument during the ten years that have elapsed since the Frye case has progressed from the experimental to the demonstrable stage." 3 In the decision, Wigmore is quoted: "Looking back at the range of possibilities for experimental psychometric methods of ascertaining concrete data for valuing testimonial evidence, it will be seen that thus far the only new psychometric method that has demonstrated any utility is the blood pressure method which detects lies . . . the record of psychometric achievement with testimony is still meager . . . the conditions required for truly scientific observation and experiment are seldom practicable.The testimonial mental processes are so complex and variable that millions of instances must be studied before safe generalizations can be made." 4Judge Wickhem continues: "While it may have some utility at present, and may ultimately be of great value in the administration of justice, it must not be overlooked that a too hasty acceptance of it during this stage of its development may bring complications and abuses that will overbalance whatever utility it may be assumed to have." 5 Although this position was founded on the case of Frye v. United States, 6 two additional principles were advanced
Caching Strategy Based on Hierarchical Cluster for Named Data Networking (2017)

The in-network caching strategy in named data networking can not only reduce the unnecessary fetching of content from the original content server deep in the core network and improve the user response time, but also ease the traffic in the core network. However, challenges exist in in-network caching, such as the distributed locations of storage and relatively small cache space which limit the hit rate, and the cache management introduces further overhead. In this paper, we propose a two-layer hierarchical cluster-based caching solution to improve in-network caching efficiency. A network is grouped into several clusters, then, a clusterhead is nominated for each cluster to make caching decision. The clustering approach offers scalability and permits multiple aspects of inputs to be used for decision making. Our solution jointly considers the location and content popularity for caching. We implement our strategy in ndnSIM and test it on GEANT-based network and AS3967 network. Our simulation results show significant improvement over its peers.
Electronic part life cycle concepts and obsolescence forecasting (2000)

Obsolescence of electronic parts is a major contributor to the life cycle cost of long-field life systems such as avionics. A methodology to forecast life cycles of electronic parts is presented, in which both years to obsolescence and life cycle stages are predicted. The methodology embeds both market and technology factors based on the dynamic assessment of sales data. The predictions enabled from the models developed in this paper allow engineers to effectively manage the introduction and on-going use of long field-life products based on the projected life cycle of the parts incorporated into the products. Application of the methodology to integrated circuits is discussed and obsolescence predictions for dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) are demonstrated. The goal is to significantly reduce design iterations, inventory expenses, sustainment costs, and overall life cycle product costs.
Retinal degeneration in transgenic mice with photoreceptor-specific expression of a dominant-negative fibroblast growth factor receptor. (1996)

Mutant cDNAs coding for dominant-negative forms of the fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 (FGFR-1) and 2 (FGFR-2) that lack tyrosine kinase activity were ligated to a 2.2 kb DNA fragment containing the bovine rhodopsin promoter and used to generate transgenic mice. Six independent lines were generated with the FGFR-1 construct, and five were generated with the FGFR-2 construct. Five of the six FGFR-1 mutant lines and all five FGFR-2 mutant lines showed transgene expression in the retina by reverse transcription-PCR. By both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, mutant FGFRs were found to be expressed specifically in photoreceptors of transgene-positive FGFR-1 and FGFR-2 mice. Lines expressing the FGFR-2 mutant showed progressive photoreceptor degeneration; the retinas showed minimal or no abnormalities at 1 month, but by 2 months they showed focal areas of thinning of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of photoreceptors. By 2-4 months, areas of complete loss of photoreceptors were seen. These abnormalities were not seen in control littermates not expressing the transgene. Mice from two FGFR-1 mutant lines showed focal areas of thinning of the outer nuclear layer and numerous photoreceptors with fragmented chromatin, whereas the other FGFR-1 lines showed minimal or no abnormalities. These data indicate that perturbation of FGF signaling in photoreceptors is associated with progressive photoreceptor degeneration, suggesting that one or more of the FGFs may act as a survival factor for photoreceptor cells.
S<sub>N</sub>Ar versus Buchwald–Hartwig Amination/Amidation in the Imidazo[2,1‐<i>b</i>][1,3,4]thiadiazole Series (2015)

Abstract An original and efficient palladium‐catalyzed amination of imidazo[2,1‐ b ][1,3,4]thiadiazole is reported. The S N Ar and Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions were investigated to access C‐2 aminated imidazo[1,2‐ b ][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. The reaction conditions were optimized under microwave irradiation, and a wide range of amines were used to determine the scope and limitations of the method. To complete this study, the palladium‐catalyzed and S N Ar amination reactions were compared to determine the best strategy. The X‐ray crystallographic data of imidazo[2,1‐ b ][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative 20 was used to formally establish the structures of the products.
Arg interacts with cortactin to promote adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusion (2009)

The molecular mechanisms by which the Abelson (Abl) or Abl-related gene (Arg) kinases interface with the actin polymerization machinery to promote cell edge protrusions during cell-matrix adhesion are unclear. In this study, we show that interactions between Arg and the Arp2/3 complex regulator cortactin are essential to mediate actin-based cell edge protrusion during fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin. Arg-deficient and cortactin knockdown fibroblasts exhibit similar defects in adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusion, which can be restored via reexpression of Arg and cortactin. Arg interacts with cortactin via both binding and catalytic events. The cortactin Src homology (SH) 3 domain binds to a Pro-rich motif in the Arg C terminus. Arg mediates adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of cortactin, creating an additional binding site for the Arg SH2 domain. Mutation of residues that mediate Arg-cortactin interactions abrogate the abilities of both proteins to support protrusions, and the Nck adapter, which binds phosphocortactin, is also required. These results demonstrate that interactions between Arg, cortactin, and Nck1 are critical to promote adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusions.
Construction of telocentric chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1985)

We describe a simple method for the construction of large chromosomal deletions in yeast. Diploid yeast cells were transformed with DNA fragments that replace large regions of the chromosomes by homologous recombination. Using this method, we have constructed a telocentric chromosome III in which approximately equal to 100 kilobases (kb) of DNA has been removed from the left arm of the chromosome, so that the centromere is 12 kb from the left telomere. This telocentric chromosome is mitotically stable. Its rate of loss in a diploid strain is 2.5-7.4 X 10(-4) per cell division compared to a rate of loss of 0.36-1.8 X 10(-4) per cell division for a normal chromosome III. It also segregates 2+:2- with fidelity during meiosis. The construction of systematic deletions in a chromosome should be useful in determining the essential features for proper chromosomal segregation and replication.
<title>Nonlinear features for classification and pose estimation of machined parts from single views</title> (1998)

A new nonlinear feature extraction method is presented for classification and pose estimation of objects from single views. The feature extraction method is called the maximum representation and discrimination feature (MRDF) method. The nonlinear MRDF transformations to use are obtained in closed form, and offer significant advantages compared to nonlinear neural network implementations. The features extracted are useful for both object discrimination (classification) and object representation (pose estimation). We consider MRDFs on image data, provide a new 2-stage nonlinear MRDF solution, and show it specializes to well-known linear and nonlinear image processing transforms under certain conditions. We show the use of MRDF in estimating the class and pose of images of rendered solid CAD models of machine parts from single views using a feature-space trajectory neural network classifier. We show new results with better classification and pose estimation accuracy than are achieved by standard principal component analysis and Fukunaga-Koontz feature extraction methods.
Ki-67 detected by MIB-1 predicts distant metastasis and tumor mortality in primary, high grade extremity soft tissue sarcoma (1998)

In addition to standard preoperative criteria, Ki-67 score is an independent prognostic molecular marker that predicts DM and TM in high grade extremity STS. Selecting patients with high grade tumors for preoperative investigational treatment may be further refined according to whether the patients have Ki-67 score of > or = 20 and large tumor size.
Implementing trading object services in COM (2002)

Identifying and locating services in distributed systems has always been problematic. Often, users have been obliged to identify not only the service required but also the specific supplier object type. Recently, the idea of trading services has been developed, allowing the developer to list a range of criteria required for a service, rather than an object type. We demonstrate how to employ Microsoft's Component Object Model (COM) categorizing facilities to implement a trading object service that allows for finer-grained matching criteria based on the semantics of types, subtypes and conformance. We conclude that, although categorization supports trading object services in COM, we are pushing COM to the limits of its capabilities. The static register/lookup nature of the COM registry restricts the trader from being realized as a truly dynamic discovery service.
Tat Activates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcriptional Elongation Independent of TFIIH Kinase (1999)

Tat stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional elongation by recruitment of the human transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, consisting of Cdk9 and cyclin T1, to the HIV-1 promoter via cooperative binding to the nascent HIV-1 transactivation response RNA element. The Cdk9 kinase activity has been shown to be essential for P-TEFb to hyperphosphorylate the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and mediate Tat transactivation. Recent reports have shown that Tat can also interact with the multisubunit transcription factor TFIIH complex and increase the phosphorylation of CTD by the Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) complex associated with the core TFIIH. These observations have led to the proposal that TFIIH and P-TEFb may act sequentially and in a concerted manner to promote phosphorylation of CTD and increase polymerase processivity. Here, we show that under conditions in which a specific and efficient interaction between Tat and P-TEFb is observed, only a weak interaction between Tat and TFIIH that is independent of critical amino acid residues in the Tat transactivation domain can be detected. Furthermore, immunodepletion of CAK under high-salt conditions, which allow CAK to be dissociated from core-TFIIH, has no effect on either basal HIV-1 transcription or Tat activation of polymerase elongation in vitro. Therefore, unlike the P-TEFb kinase activity that is essential for Tat activation of HIV-1 transcriptional elongation, the CAK kinase associated with TFIIH appears to be dispensable for Tat function.
Whether close or far: Social distance effects on perceived balance in friendship networks. (1999)

Under what circumstances are individuals' perceptions of friendship relations shaped by the balance schema? Using data from 4 organizations varying in size from 21 to 33 members, the authors investigated how ego's perception of the social distance from ego to alter affected the proportion of alter's friendships perceived by ego as balanced. Balance involves both (a) reciprocated friendships between 2 people, and (b) transitive triplets, in which 2 friends of a person are themselves friends. Graphical and regression analyses supported a composite curvilinear model that combined the predictions of emotional tension and cognitive miser perspectives: People tended to perceive relations close to and distant from themselves as more balanced than relations of intermediate distance.
Silica-based nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy applications (2010)

Silica-based nanoparticles for applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have emerged as a promising field for the treatment of cancer. In this review, based on the pathway the photosensitizer is entrapped inside the silica matrix, the different methods for the synthesis of silica-based nanoparticles are described from the pioneering works to the latest achievements which concern multifunctional nanoplatforms, up-converting nanoparticles, two-photon PDT, vectorization and in vivo applications.
Caracterización por difracción de rayos-X de películas delgadas de CdSx Te1-x (2003)

Películas delgadas de CdSxTe1-x fueron crecidas en substratos de vidrio utilizando la técnica transporte de vapor en espacio reducido combinada con evaporación libre (CSVT-FE, por sus siglas en ingles) usando la coevaporación de CdTe y CdS. La incorporación del S fue controlada por medio de la temperatura de la fuente de CdS. La difracción de rayos-x fue utilizada para evaluar la estructura cristalográfica de los compuestos formados en las diferentes composiciones. Se encontró que las muestras tienen una estructura cúbica, para 0x1. Con el objetivo de identificar los picos del difractograma, se calcularon como varían las intensidades de los picos de difracción al ir sustituyendo el S por Te. Así como la variación de la posición de los picos, con respecto a la fracción molar de CdS
Cysteine proteinase inhibitors and <i>ras</i>gene products share the same biological activities including tranforming activity toward NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and the differentiation-inclucing activity toward PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells (1990)

We have recently found that ras oncogene product (p21) inhibits cysteine proteinases. Because p21 transforms NIH3T3 cells and also induces differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, several potent cysteine proteinase inhibitors have been tested for whether they show similar biological activities. The saturation density of NIH3T3 cells was increased by repeated treatment with cysteine proteinase-specific inhibitors such as N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN), N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-methioninal (ALLM), E-64 and chicken egg white cystatin. Furthermore, some transformed foci appeared a few weeks after the onset of the treatment. ALLN and ALLM were also able to induce neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Taken together, the cysteine proteinase-specific inhibitory activity of p21 may be important for its biological activities.