gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Lasers for Optical Clocks and Low Noise Frequency Synthesis (2006)

In the late 1990’s mode-locked femtosecond lasers were introduced as an important new tool for the synthesis and measurement of optical frequencies. The simplicity, robustness and improved precision of femtosecond lasers have now led to their prominence in the field of optical frequency metrology. In addition, their use is developing significant new time-domain applications based on the precise control of the carrier-envelope phase. It is anticipated that narrow linewidth lasers referenced to optical transitions in atoms and ions will soon be the best electromagnetic frequency references of any kind, with projected fractional frequency instability below 1×10−15τ−1/2 and uncertainties approaching 1×10−18. When used in conjunction with such ultraprecise frequency standards, the femtosecond laser serves as a broadband synthesizer that phase coherently converts the input optical frequency to an array of optical frequencies spanning hundreds of terahertz and to countable microwave frequencies. The excess fractional frequency noise introduced in the synthesis process can approach the level of 1×10−19.
The Generic Blockchain Ecosystem and its Strategic Implications (2018)

The emergence of blockchain technology, most known due to the hype around Bitcoin, has the potential to transform entire industries, such as banking, insurance, or the Internet of Things (IoT). Yet, parallel ecosystems like cryptocurrencies that substitute products and services of traditional financial institutions emerged. However, literature does not provide a structured overview of the blockchain ecosystem. By analyzing 479 blockchain companies reported in the Crunchbase database, this paper visualizes the current blockchain ecosystem using the e3-value method consisting of eleven generic roles. Moreover, we identify three strategic implications where blockchain is fundamentally different from prior approaches: governance, trust, and openness. Scholars can apply the generic ecosystem for future research, while practitioners can use the model to identify possible disruptive actors or potential business opportunities.
MicroRNA-124 Suppresses Tumor Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Targeting CD164 Signaling Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

MicroRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression and various cellular processes in human cancer malignant progression. Down-regulated expression of miR-124 gene has been shown to be significantly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but its biological function and regulatory roles in lung cancer tumorigenesis are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine effects of ectopic expression of miR-124 on tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and induction of apoptosis by DOTAP:Cholesterol nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer and identify its endogenous targets under physiological conditions in NSCLC cells. Overexpression of miR-124 significantly suppresses tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and induction of apoptosis in H322 and A549 cells. Two endogenous miR-124 targeting sites in the 3'UTR of CD164 mRNA are identified by a stem-loop-array reverse transcription PCR (SLA-RT-PCR) assay in H1299 cells under physiological condition. Ectopic expression of miR-124 induces CD164 mRNA cleavage and down-regulated its gene and protein expression. Our results suggest that miR-124 function as a tumor suppressor miRNA and suppress tumor proliferation and aggression by directly targeting oncogenic CD164 signaling pathway in NSCLC.
Dynamic copy choice: Steady state between murine leukemia virus polymerase and polymerase-dependent RNase H activity determines frequency of <i>in vivo</i> template switching (2001)

We recently proposed a dynamic copy-choice model for retroviral recombination in which a steady state between the rates of polymerization and RNA degradation determines the frequency of reverse transcriptase (RT) template switching. The relative contributions of polymerase-dependent and polymerase-independent RNase H activities during reverse transcription and template switching in vivo have not been determined. We developed an in vivo trans-complementation assay in which direct repeat deletion through template switching reconstitutes a functional green fluorescent protein gene in a retroviral vector. Complementation in trans between murine leukemia virus Gag-Pol proteins lacking polymerase and RNase H activities restored viral replication. Because only polymerase-independent RNase H activity is present in this cell line, the relative roles of polymerase-dependent and -independent RNase H activities in template switching could be determined. We also analyzed double mutants possessing polymerase and RNase H mutations that increased and decreased template switching, respectively. The double mutants exhibited low template switching frequency, indicating that the RNase H mutations were dominant. Trans-complementation of the double mutants with polymerase-independent RNase H did not restore the high template switching frequency, indicating that polymerase-dependent RNase H activity was essential for the increased frequency of template switching. Additionally, trans-complementation of RNase H mutants in the presence and absence of hydroxyurea, which slows the rate of reverse transcription, showed that hydroxyurea increased template switching only when polymerase-dependent RNase H activity was present. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of polymerase-dependent RNase H activity in vivo. These results provide strong evidence for a dynamic association between the rates of DNA polymerization and polymerase-dependent RNase H activity, which determines the frequency of in vivo template switching.
Expression of MUC4 Mucin Is Observed Mainly in the Intestinal Type of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas (2013)

A significantly higher expression of MUC4 in intestinal-type IPMNs than in gastric-type IPMNs will be one of the biomarkers to discriminate between the intestinal-type IPMNs with high malignancy potential from gastric-type IPMNs with low malignancy potential.
Apelin and Pulmonary Hypertension (2011)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary arterial remodeling, abnormal angiogenesis and impaired right ventricular function. Despite progress in pharmacological therapy, there is still no cure for PAH. The peptide apelin and the G-protein coupled apelin receptor (APLNR) are expressed in several tissues throughout the organism. Apelin is localized in vascular endothelial cells while the APLNR is localized in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vessels and in the heart. Apelin is regulated by hypoxia inducible factor -1α and bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2. Patients with PAH have lower levels of plasma-apelin, and decreased apelin expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. Apelin has therefore been proposed as a potential biomarker for PAH. Furthermore, apelin plays a role in angiogenesis and regulates endothelial and smooth muscle cell apoptosis and proliferation complementary and opposite to vascular endothelial growth factor. In the systemic circulation, apelin modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, induces eNOS-dependent vasodilatation, counteracts angiotensin-II mediated vasoconstriction, and has positive inotropic and cardioprotective effects. Apelin attenuates vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arteries, and chronic treatment with apelin attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension in animal models. The existing literature thus renders APLNR an interesting potential new therapeutic target for PH.
Thimet Oligopeptidase Cleaves the Full-Length Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein at a  -Secretase Cleavage Site in COS Cells (1999)

We developed an assay method using a novel quenched fluorescent substrate (QFS) flanking the beta-cleavage site of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and purified a candidate beta-secretase from bovine brain. N-terminal amino acid analysis showed the candidate to be thimet oligopeptidase (TOP). The cDNA for human TOP was cloned from a human brain cDNA library and expressed in COS cells. The enzyme was further purified on a Ni2+-agarose column. TOP cleaved the Swedish Alzheimer's substrate (SEVNLDAEFR) as well as the normal substrate (SEVKMDAEFR). We then coexpressed TOP with APP695 in COS cells, collected transfected cells and conditioned media, and analyzed them by immunoblotting. The antibody against the specific secreted APP cleaved by beta-secretase (sAPPbeta) detected the secretion of sAPPbeta only from APP/hTOP-overexpressing cells, and not from cells overexpressing of antisense hTOP cDNA. Finally, we analyzed the immunolocalization of overexpressed hTOP in COS cells. Most hTOP was localized in the nuclei, but a small amount was localized in the Golgi or other organelles around the nuclei. These results suggest that TOP has a beta-secretase-like activity responsible for the processing of APP.
Abstract 20593: In vivo Cardiac Effects of Mavacamten (MYK-461): Evidence for Negative Inotropy and Improved Compliance (2017)

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heritable cardiac disease characterized by hyper-contractility and impaired ventricular relaxation. Conventional negative inotropes can alleviate ...
Gain Estimation of a Digital-to-Time Converter for Phase-Prediction All-Digital PLL (2013)

We propose a gain estimation technique of a digital-to-time converter (DTC) and a time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) that is based on a recently introduced phase-prediction (PP) technique. Such a PP-ADPLL reduces the timing range and thus complexity of the fractional part of the phase detection mechanism. The conventional TDC gain estimation methods based on measuring the DCO clock period are not feasible for PP-ADPLLs due to the TDC timing range being much smaller than one DCO clock period. The proposed gain estimation method can run concurrently with the normal ADPLL phase locking process and its feasibility is confirmed through behavioral simulations. Although the estimation method is specifically proposed for the PP-ADPLL, its operating principle can also be applied to conventional ADPLL architectures that require an accurate TDC gain estimation.
Rendering five-channel audio on headsets (2005)

Rendering multi-channel audio using a headset can be accomplished by convolving the incoming signals with the head-related impulse responses representing the sound directions of the audio channels. Although the idea is simple, the implementation of this idea is computationally intensive due to the high sampling rate of the audio samples and the long sequences of the head-related impulse responses (HRIRs). In this paper, we propose to use a dynamic programming algorithm to optimally truncate the original HRIRs to shorter ones, and thus reduce the computational burden of the convolution to about one-fifth of that of direct implementation. The proposed approach is compared with the approach based on the CAPZ (common-acoustical-pole and zero) model. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has a better error performance with almost the same computation.
Synthesis of some B-nor-6,8-secoestranes and B,19-dinor-6,8-secopregnanes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some B-nor-6,8-secoestranes and B,19-dinor-6,8-secopregnanesFrank M. Hauser and Kyong-Hwi ParkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1, 113–116Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00395a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00395a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Legacy for the Future of Legal Education (2000)

For a law school professor, the legal history of race could provide new legal theories for the 21st century.
Isolation of the Principal Neurotoxins of Two Naja naja Subspecies (1971)

The principal neurotoxins of two commercial (Miami Serpentarium) preparations of venom from Naja naja siamensis, or Thailand cobra, and Naja naja naja, or spectacled Indian cobra, are isolated rapidly and simply by ion exchange chromatography on short (20–30 cm) columns of Bio-Rex 70 (or IRC-50) in volatile ammonium acetate buffers, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. The Naja naja siamensis preparation contains a single principal neurotoxin that accounts for about one-fourth of the weight of the lyophilized crude venom, or one-third of the total venom protein. The Naja naja naja venom preparation contains approximately equal amounts of two principal neurotoxins which together account for more than one-fourth of the total venom protein. The three principal neurotoxins contain 71 amino acids in a single peptide chain cross-linked by five disulfide bridges. The two Naja naja naja neurotoxins appear to differ only by a serine/isoleucine substitution, while both appear to differ from the principal Naja naja siamensis toxin only by two additional replacements: arginine for lysine and glycine for alanine. Three minor neurotoxic components that are present at levels of 1% or less in the Naja naja siamensis venom are also described. One of these is a 61 amino acid toxin containing four disulfide bridges and two residues of tryptophan. The other two contain 62 amino acids and four disulfide bridges. One of the latter toxins appears to be nearly identical to the cobrotoxin of Naja naja atra venom.
Agent-based parallel system for numerical computations (2010)

The paper describes a way of applying agent paradigm to hp-adaptive Finite Element Method (hp-FEM). We discuss a choice of classical numerical algorithms suitable for incorporating into an agent-based application, along with an efficient way of adopting them into an agent-based application. We define formally a Computing Multi Agent System (C-MAS) for adaptive 1D FEM based on Smart Solid Agent model and describe tasks executed by hp-FEM agents. Finally, we spare a few paragraphs for numerical experiments performed with an application developed accordingly to the described model.
Induction and Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (2014)

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a recently discovered process in the field of innate immunity. It is important to have consistent standards in inducing and quantifying NET formation to compare data from different labs in this new area of investigation. Here we describe the conditions of neutrophil isolation from peripheral blood and stimulation that we find allow the study of NETosis in vitro. The criteria for conclusively identifying the process of NETosis, and the pros and cons of various quantification methods are discussed.
DIMINISHING PURKINJE CELL POPULATIONS IN THE CEREBELLA OF AGING HETEROZYGOUS PURKINJE CELL DEGENERATION BUT NOT HETEROZYGOUS NERVOUS MICE (2002)

Mice homozygous for the recessive, cerebellar affected mutations nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration display an almost complete loss of Purkinje cells during their first two postnatal months. We have recently shown a progressive and age-related loss of Purkinje cells in mutant mice heterozygous for mutations apparently recessive, such as staggerer and reeler, and have thus chosen to investigate whether a similar Purkinje cell loss occurred with aging in +/nr and +/pcd heterozygous mice. Purkinje cells were counted on serial sections stained with thionin obtained from 17-month-old male and female heterozygous mice and their respective wild-type controls. In the case of the +/nr and wild-type mice, no difference in cell counts was observed. However, +/pcd mice had significantly fewer (-18%) Purkinje cells (143.700+/-5.400) than control wild-types (175.100+/-2.300); p<0.0001) at 17 months. These results extend our previous findings and further support the idea that apparently recessive neurological mutations may exert, at the heterozygous state, a deleterious effect upon Purkinje cells during the aging process.
Prophylactic Treatment of Very Premature Infants with Human Surfactant (1986)

We undertook a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether human surfactant administered endotracheally at birth to very premature infants (gestational age, 24 to 29 weeks) would prevent the respiratory distress syndrome or reduce its severity. Thirty-one treated infants (birth weight, 938 +/- 286 g) were compared in a blinded fashion with 29 control infants (birth weight, 964 +/- 174 g). The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was less than 2 in all infants, and phosphatidylglycerol was not present in amniotic fluid or tracheal fluids at birth, indicating a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs. The principal dependent variables were neonatal death, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the infant's requirement for respiratory support (and its complications). The surfactant-treated group had significantly fewer deaths than the control group (16 percent vs. 52 percent, P less than 0.001), fewer cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (16 percent vs. 31 percent), and significantly fewer cases of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (P less than 0.001) and pneumothorax (P less than 0.02). Prophylactic treatment with human surfactant also substantially reduced the period of neonatal intensive care. We conclude that treatment with human surfactant offers promise for improving the survival of very premature infants with a surfactant deficiency and for reducing the pulmonary sequelae of the respiratory distress syndrome.
Phosphorus: The Carbon Copy: From Organophosphorus to Phospha-organic Chemistry (1998)

The Phosphorus-Carbon Analogy: Phospha-organic Chemistry. Phosphinidenes (R-P). Terminal Phosphinidene Complexes [R-P=M]. Phosphaalkynes (RC=P). Phosphaalkenes, R1R2C=PR3. Phosphapolyenes. Diphosphenes (RP=PR). Phosphorus-Carbon Heterocyclic Chemistry. PI-Coordination Complexes. What Future for Phosphaorganic Chemistry? Index.
OMA DM v1.x compliant lightweight device management for constrained M2M devices (2013)

ABSTRACT This paper presents Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM) v1.x, an alternative lightweight solution that is fully compatible with the current OMA DM protocol and with all existing OMA Management Objects. This solution aims to enable operators and service providers to leverage their existing OMA DM servers to continue supporting current OMA DM enabled mobile devices and to incrementally support new constrained machine to machine devices through an added proxy server. Exalted Lightweight For Open Mobile Alliance Device Management v1.x reduces the size of OMA DM messages by 89% while optimizing the processing performance and resource consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rational Self‐Sacrificing Template Route to Metal–Organic Framework Nanotubes and Reversible Vapor‐Phase Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives (2011)

Metal-organic framework nanotubes (MOFNTs) are achieved by a strategy in which MOF nanorods formed initially act as a self-sacrificing template for the formation of the final MOFNTs. The fluorescent MOFNTs obtained exhibit high sensitivity, significant selectivity, and a fast response rate for the reversible vapor-phase detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
Evaluation of procedures to predict fat-free lean in swine carcasses12 (2004)

The objectives were to develop equations for predicting fat-free lean in swine carcasses and to estimate the prediction bias that was due to genetic group, sex, and dietary lysine level. Barrows and gilts (n = 1,024) from four projects conducted by the National Pork Board were evaluated by six procedures, and their carcass fat-free lean was determined. Pigs of 16 genetic groups were fed within weight groups one of four dietary regimens that differed by 0.45% in lysine content and slaughtered at weights between 89 and 163 kg. Variables in equations included carcass weight and measures of backfat depth and LM. Fat-free lean was predicted from measures of fat and muscle depth measured with the Fat-O-Meater (FOM), Automated Ultrasonic System (AUS), and Ultrafom (UFOM) instruments, carcass 10th-rib backfat and LM area (C10R), carcass last-rib backfat (CLR), and live animal scan of backfat depth and LM area with an Aloka 500 instrument (SCAN). Equations for C10R (residual standard deviation, RSD = 2.93 kg) and SCAN (RSD = 3.06 kg) were the most precise. The RSD for AUS, FOM, and UFOM equations were 3.46, 3.57, and 3.62 kg, respectively. The least precise equation was CLR, for which the RSD was 4.04 kg. All procedures produced biased predictions for some genetic groups (P < 0.01). Fat-free lean tended to be overestimated in fatter groups and underestimated in leaner ones. The CLR, FOM, and AUS procedures overestimated fat-free lean in barrows and underestimated it in gilts (P < 0.01), but other procedures were not biased by sex. Bias due to dietary lysine level was assessed for the C10R, CLR, FOM, and SCAN procedures, and fat-free lean in pigs fed the lowlysine dietary regimen was overestimated by CLR, FOM, and SCAN (P < 0.05). Positive regressions of residuals (measured fat-free lean minus predicted fat-free lean) on measured fat-free lean were found for each procedure, ranging from 0.204+/-0.013 kg/kg for C10R to 0.605+/-0.049 kg/kg for UFOM, indicating that all procedures overestimated fat-free lean in fat pigs and underestimated it in lean pigs. The pigs evaluated represent the range of variation in pigs delivered to packing plants, and thus the prediction equations should have broad application within the industry. Buying systems that base fat-free lean predictions on measures of carcass fat depth and muscle depth or area will overvalue fat pigs and undervalue lean pigs.