gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models and algorithms for spectrum coexistence in wireless networks (2016)

In the last decade, there have been several technological trends that have occurred together and have caused a shift in how wireless systems will be deployed. The significant increase in the capabilities of mobile devices, combined with the proliferation of Internet enabled services, and the improvement in the communication support provided by new waveforms for wireless communications, have initiated a shift from the traditional, macrocell-based cellular network to new forms of radio access technologies (RATs) involving multiple, smaller cells deployed in vicinity of each other. These small cells will often support diverse wireless technologies and be operated by different providers. The resulting heterogeneity, unfortunately, can lead to serious internetwork interference that can negate the improvement in overall system performance that was the original motivation for employing many small cells in close proximity. In this thesis, we examine different technologies that are needed for flexible spectrum management to support the coordination that is needed for coexistence between many small cell wireless networks. Motivated by the need for internetwork architectures that support spectrum coordination, we (1) conduct performance evaluation associated with the joint deployment of mobile and fixed hotspot networks, (2) develop spectrum models that characterize interference among different wireless entities, (3) provide new methods for efficient hardware emulation of wireless channels, (4) devise algorithms that estimate radio spectrum usage, and (5) provide algorithms for coordination between different wireless systems to improve the overall system performance and spectrum efficiency. The first part of the thesis investigates spectrum coexistence in wireless networks by exploring the underlying performance challenges that exist when mobile hotspots are deployed in an environment of densely deployed, static wireless access networks. Next part of thesis investigates design of hardware emulator of radio channels to accurately capture the effect of real-world wireless channels upon communications waveforms while minimizing computational complexity. Next, we explore a fundamental building block of spectrum management for supporting better utilization of radio spectrum which involves predicting the impact that an emitter will have at different geographic locations. We then examine various challenges associated with coordinating spectrum access between different wireless technologies by exploring the specific case of Wi-Fi and LTE coexistence in emerging unlicensed frequency bands. Finally, recognizing the broad challenges associated with addressing spectrum coexistence in emerging wireless systems, we identify several directions for future investigation and suggest different approaches for tackling these challenges.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Muraymycin D2 and Its Epimer (2010)

Full details of the first total synthesis of (-)-muraymycin (MRY) D2 and its epimer, the antibacterial nucleoside natural product, are described. Key strategic elements of the approach include the preparation of the urea dipeptide moiety found in the muraymycins containing an L-epi-capreomycidine via a nitrene C-H insertion of the sulfamate 10 and the fully protected muraymycin skeleton at a late stage by an Ugi four-component reaction. Thus, the nitrene C-H insertion of the sulfamate 10 with 10 mol % of Rh(2)(esp)(2) catalyst gave the cyclic sulfamates 11a and 11b in 47% yield (11a:11b = 1:2.0). Construction of the cyclic guanidine skeleton was effected through the HgBr(2)-promoted cyclization of 42 followed by desulfonylation upon acetolysis of the oxathiazinane ring to give 43 in good yield. The amine obtained by selective removal of the Cbz group of the alcohol 44 was reacted with MeSC(=O)-L-Val-O-t-Bu (38) to provide 45, which was oxidized to the carboxylic acid 46. Reaction of 46, isonitrile 51, isovaleraldehyde, and 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine furnished the desired Ugi products, the final deprotection of which successfully afforded (-)-MRY D2 and epi-MRY D2 (53) after HPLC separation of the diastereomers. This approach would afford ready access to a range of analogues simply by altering each component.
Application and analysis of water source heat pump system in residential buildings (2011)

The water source heat pump system is a kind of advanced central air conditioning system that can recycle the waste heat and make use of the low thermal energy. With many advantages such as consuming little energy, making use of renewable energy, not polluting the environment and meeting the demands of sustainable development and so on, this kind of system receives far and wide welcome. This article introduced the characteristics of the application of the water source heat pump in residence and some relevant problems in the application and extension.
Illumination Aspects in Active Terahertz Imaging (2010)

Our paper focuses on illumination aspects in active terahertz imaging. First, we introduce our fast 620-GHz camera and discuss imaging with focused illumination. After that, we switch to global illumination and discuss its benefits and drawbacks. The loss in intensity—compared to focused illumination—does not fully come to bear on the dynamic range because losses at the beam-splitter and back-reflection by the optics into the detection path can be avoided. The adaptation to the angular range accepted by the detector optics is more difficult, but flexibility is gained with separated illumination and detection paths. An outlook is given on a 812-GHz camera currently being developed and exhibiting global illumination and a 32-pixel detector for improved frame rates. Furthermore, a concept for high-accuracy topography reconstruction from multiple terahertz images taken with several angles of illumination is discussed.
Modern cross‐linking strategies for synthesizing acellular hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (2008)

Unmodified cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) is structurally unstable when transfused into the blood stream (Valeri et al., Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol. 2000;28:451-475; Chan et al., Toxicol Pathol. 2000;28:635-642; Eike, Dissertation, 2005; Eike and Palmer, Biotechnol Prog. 2004;20:946-952). This review examines some of the latest chemical strategies used over the last 5 years to intra- and intermolecularly cross-link Hb, thereby stabilizing its quaternary structure. Therefore, this work will address the following aspects: (1) site-specific chemical modifications of Hb and (2) non-site-specific chemical modifications of Hb, including, but not limited to, PolyHeme, Hemopure, Oxyglobin, and SOD-Hb. Current strategies for synthesizing PEGylated Hb is outside the scope of this review and will not be discussed herein. For a more thorough review of PEGylated Hb, the reader is directed to the following works: Cabrales and Friedman, Transfus Alternatives in Transfus Med. 2007;9:281-293 and Winslow, Biochim Biophys Acta, 2008;1784(10):1382-1386.
Is Buridan a sceptic about free will ? (1964)

50 Is Buridan a sceptic about free will ? JAMES J. WALSH His study has three points of departure: methodological, textual, and philosophical. It is directed to the conclusions of Michalski, echoed by De Wulf, as well as those of Monahan, concerning Bu- ridan's scepticism about human freedom of the will. These conclusions are presented in the following remarks : MICHALSKI: Dans son Ethique, il 6nonce l'id6e qu'on n'a trouve aucun argument philosophique decisif a opposer a la these deterministe si bien que la seule arme qui reste aux mains des ind6terministes est l'autorite de la foi catholique et les
DNA-Based Photonic Logic Gates:  AND, NAND, and INHIBIT (2002)

Conventional microprocessors use elementary logic gates to perform complex computational tasks. Mimicking such computational processes using purely molecular systems has been limited in most cases by the lack of design generality or potential addressability of existing molecular logic gates. Herein we report that by employing the universal recognition properties of DNA simple photonic logic gates can be created that are capable of AND, NAND, and INHIBIT logic operations.
Solving non-zero sum multiagent network flow security games with attack costs (2012)

Moving assets through a transportation network is a crucial challenge in hostile environments such as future battlefields where malicious adversaries have strong incentives to attack vulnerable patrols and supply convoys. Intelligent agents must balance network costs with the harm that can be inflicted by adversaries who are in turn acting rationally to maximize harm while trading off against their own costs to attack. Furthermore, agents must choose their strategies even without full knowledge of their adversaries' capabilities, costs, or incentives.In this paper we model this problem as a non-zero sum game between two players, a sender who chooses flows through the network and an adversary who chooses attacks on the network. We advance the state of the art by: (1) moving beyond the zero-sum games previously considered to non-zero sum games where the adversary incurs attack costs that are not incorporated into the payoff of the sender; (2) introducing a refinement of the Stackelberg equilibrium that is more appropriate to network security games than previous solution concepts; and (3) using Bayesian games where the sender is uncertain of the capabilities, payoffs, and costs of the adversary. We provide polynomial time algorithms for finding equilibria in each of these cases. We also show how our approach can be applied to games where there are multiple adversaries.
The impact of preload on 3-dimensional deformation parameters: principal strain, twist and torsion (2017)

Various parameters representing left ventricular mechanics were easily acquired from 3D echocardiographic images; however, like conventional parameters, they were affected by acute preload changes. Therefore, strain values from 3D echocardiography should be interpreted with caution while considering the preload conditions of the patients.
Exosome-like Extracellular Vesicles from MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma Cells Contain Oncogenic miRNAs. (2015)

MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines secrete exosome-like particles containing oncogenic miRNAs. This work showed for the first time that neuroblastoma cells secrete exosome-like particles containing miRNAs with potential roles in cancer progression. These findings indicate a new way for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells to interact with the tumor environment.
A resource allocation strategy for SDMA/OFDMA systems (2007)

Optimum resource allocation (RA) in space division multiple access (SDMA)/orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems is a prohibitively complex task for which efficient sub-optimal strategies are preferable. In this work, a new space-frequency/time resource allocation (S-FT RA) is proposed, which divides RA in two tasks: the SDMA grouping, for which a new SDMA grouping algorithm is proposed, and the joint frequency/time RA, which is solved using Munkres' algorithm. It is shown that the proposed strategy is flexible and that it achieves a considerable fraction of the maximum achievable average system capacity.
Limits of Versatility of Versatile Peroxidase (2016)

VP1 is a member of the ligninolytic heme peroxidase gene family of the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and plays a fundamental role in biodegradation. This enzyme exhibits a versatile nature, as it can oxidize different substrates under altered environmental conditions. VPs are highly interesting enzymes due to the fact that they contain unique active sites that are responsible for direct oxidation of various aromatic compounds, including lignin, in addition to the well-known Mn(2+) binding active site. This study demonstrates the limits of versatility of P. ostreatus VP1, which harbors multiple active sites, exhibiting a broad range of enzymatic activities, but they perform differently under distinct conditions. The versatility of P. ostreatus and its enzymes is an advantageous factor in the fungal ability to adapt to changing environments. This trait expands the possibilities for the potential utilization of P. ostreatus and other white rot fungi.
A High-Efficiency DC–DC Converter Using 2 nH Integrated Inductors (2008)

Historically, buck converters have relied on high-Q inductors on the order of 1 to 100 muH to achieve a high efficiency. Unfortunately, on-chip inductors are physically large and have poor series resistances, which result in low-efficiency converters. To mitigate this problem, on-chip magnetic coupling is exploited in the proposed stacked interleaved topology to enable the use of small (2 nH) on-chip inductors in a high-efficiency buck converter. The dramatic decrease in the inductance value is made possible by the unique bridge timing of the stacked design that causes magnetic coupling to boost the converter's efficiency by reducing the current ripple in each inductor. The magnetic coupling is realized by stacking the two inductors on top of one another, which not only lowers the required inductance, but also reduces the chip area consumed by the two inductors. The measured conversion efficiency for the prototype circuit, implemented in a 130-nm CMOS technology, shows more than a 15% efficiency improvement over a linear converter for low output voltages rising to a peak efficiency of 77.9 % for a 0.9 V output. These efficiencies are comparable to converters implemented with higher Q inductors, validating that the proposed techniques enable high-efficiency converters to be realized with small on-chip inductors.
Strategies to address risks of platinum scarcity for supply chain downstream firms (2009)

Increased recycling, product redesign and substitution can improve firm resilience in the face of uncertainties in materials availability. The delays involved in implementing these strategies may result in unprepared firms losing market share to competitors who are better prepared to address these challenges. This paper will expand from previous work in this area by examining the statistical significance of the effect of recycling in the face of limited supply. It has been shown that the timing and magnitude of a supply shutdown can influence the magnitude of price response. On average, increased recycling is a means for stabilizing price effects owing to its faster response times.
Identification and treatment of antidepressant tachyphylaxis. (2014)

Antidepressant tachyphylaxis describes a condition in which a depressed patient loses a previously effective antidepressant treatment response despite staying on the same drug and dosage for maintenance treatment. It has been suggested that antidepressant tachyphylaxis is a form of relapse related to evolving drug tolerance, but it is also clear that there are other possible reasons for the loss of treatment response unrelated to tolerance, such as medication nonadherence. It has been reported that depressed patients with "true" antidepressant tachyphylaxis may be less responsive to new treatment interventions. Therefore, it is important to identify these patients as part of a comprehensive treatment planning process.
Identification of Fused-Ring Alkanoic Acids with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles that Act as G Protein-Coupled Receptor 40/Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 Agonists (2012)

The G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40)/free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) has emerged as an attractive target for a novel insulin secretagogue with glucose dependency. We previously identified phenylpropanoic acid derivative 1 (3-{4-[(2',6'-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)methoxy]-2-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid) as a potent and orally available GPR40/FFA1 agonist; however, 1 exhibited high clearance and low oral bioavailability, which was likely due to its susceptibility to β-oxidation at the phenylpropanoic acid moiety. To identify long-acting compounds, we attempted to block the metabolically labile sites at the phenylpropanoic acid moiety by introducing a fused-ring structure. Various fused-ring alkanoic acids with potent GPR40/FFA1 activities and good PK profiles were produced. Further optimizations of the lipophilic portion and the acidic moiety led to the discovery of dihydrobenzofuran derivative 53 ((6-{[4'-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2',6'-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl]methoxy}-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl)acetic acid), which acted as a GPR40/FFA1 agonist with in vivo efficacy during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rats with impaired glucose tolerance.
A new test generation method for sequential circuits (2002)

A novel test generation method for synchronous sequential circuits is proposed. Among the new ideas employed are: (1) efficiently maintaining path information using an extended value system in forward time processing, and (2) efficiently enumerating cubes for state justification in backward time processing. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in generating high coverage tests for sequential circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spatial convolution and correlation of optical fields via degenerate four-wave mixing (1978)

A nonlinear optical technique is described that performs, essentially instantaneously, the functions of spatial correlation and convolution of spatially encoded waves. These real-time operations are accomplished by mixing spatially dependent optical fields in the Fourier-transform plane of a lens system. The use of a degenerate four-wave mixing scheme eliminates (in the Fresnel approximation) phase-matching restrictions and (optical) frequency-scaling factors. Spatial bandwidth-gain considerations and numerical examples, as well as applications to nonlinear microscopy, are presented.
Editing <i>VEGFR2</i> Blocks VEGF-Induced Activation of Akt and Tube Formation (2017)

The CRISPR-SpCas9 technology is a potential novel approach to prevention of pathologic angiogenesis.
Investigation of the mechanism of the bioacoustic effect (1999)

Bacterial biofilms growing on implanted medical devices are difficult to eradicate, even with aggressive antibiotic therapy. However, application of ultrasound enhances the effectiveness of the antibiotic. The possible mechanisms of this phenomenon were explored in light of the observed influence of various ultrasonic parameters on the enhanced action of gentamicin against biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is postulated that ultrasound increases the transport of gentamicin through the cell membranes, which is the proposed rate determining step in killing by gentamicin. It is possible that the ultrasound perturbs the cell membrane and stimulates active uptake or permits passive uptake by temporarily disrupting the membrane or other structural cell components. The cell membrane disruption could be caused by high pressure, high shear stress, or cavitation. The dependence upon peak power density suggests that acoustic pressure plays a significant role. There is also a strong frequency component that causes the killing effect to decrease as frequency increases. A mathematical analysis of oscillatory shear stress on the cell shows that the magnitude of stress increases with frequency; thus, the hypothesis of oscillatory shear inducing antibiotic uptake is discounted. In addition, the shear displacement caused by shear forces is very small, so the shear disruption caused by oscillatory flow in an acoustic field has minimal impact. The experimental data also rule out the existence of transient cavitation in the bioacoustic effect. It is possible that stable cavitation and the accompanying microstreaming contribute to the bioacoustic effect.
[Pathohistological characteristics of vaginal candidiasis in women of reproductive age]. (1988)

Histological changes of vaginal mucosa and portio vaginalis are described in women of reproductive age suffering from candidosis. The epithelial surface is covered with adherent masses composed of desquamated and destroyed epithelial cells and leukocytes impregnated with proteins and penetrated by pseudomycelium. The outer epithelial layers are characterized by dystrophic and necrobiotic changes, desquamation, formation of fissures and small cavities. Pseudomycelium penetrates 4 to 6 layers of the epithelium. The barrier between the invading pathogen and the blood vessels of the lamina propria papillae in some sites is only 5-6 flattened epithelial cells thick. In the basal layer, high mitotic activity is noted. Lamina propria contains lympho-plasmocytic infiltrates.
Intraocular light scattering in vision, artistic painting, and photography (1994)

Light scattering in the eye is reviewed, and its influence on vision is discussed in some detail. Isotropic scattering and formation of halos around point sources are described with reference to theory and experiments. Artists usually take intraocularly scattered light into account when painting natural scenes. A method to achieve similar effects in photography by the use of diffraction filters in front of the camera lens is demonstrated. A number of photos that illustrate the effects of such filters are shown.
High performance RISC microprocessors (1999)

Many embedded systems and consumer appliances require high performance at extremely low price points, and they need them yesterday! Meeting these needs is the latest challenge for system and processor architects. SandCraft recognized this challenge early on and developed the Montage architecture to meet these needs and generate revenue that fuels business growth. Montage implements MIPS-compatible processors for license to MIPS licensees. We have implemented two Montage incarnations now on the market: the SR1 and the SR1-GX high-performance microprocessor cores. Other designs are in the pipeline. With the intellectual property in place, the architecture will proliferate and show that low cost and flexibility do not have to come at the cost of compromising performance. Here, we describe the philosophy behind the development of the Montage architecture and illustrate some of the thinking that resulted in this processor line.