gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact, low-cost, and high-resolution interrogation unit for optical sensors (2006)

Compact wavelength detectors that resolve wavelength changes in the subpicometer range over a broad spectral range are presented. A photodiode array or position sensor device is coated with a linear variable filter that converts the wavelength of the incident light into a spatial intensity distribution. The centroid of the spatial distribution is determined by a differential readout of the two elements of the photodiode array or the position sensor device. The device can interrogate any optical sensor that produces a wavelength shift in response to a stimulus. The potential of this device was tested by interrogating fiber-Bragg-grating sensors.
THERMAL EMISSION and REFLECTED LIGHT SPECTRA of SUPER EARTHS with FLAT TRANSMISSION SPECTRA (2015)

Planets larger than Earth and smaller than Neptune are some of the most numerous in the galaxy, but observational efforts to understand this population have proved challenging because optically thick clouds or hazes at high altitudes obscure molecular features. We present models of super Earths that include thick clouds and hazes and predict their transmission, thermal emission, and reflected light spectra. Very thick, lofted clouds of salts or sulfides in high metallicity (1000 solar) atmospheres create featureless transmission spectra in the near-infrared. Photochemical hazes with a range of particle sizes also create featureless transmission spectra at lower metallicities. Cloudy thermal emission spectra have muted features more like blackbodies, and hazy thermal emission spectra have emission features caused by an inversion layer at altitudes where the haze forms. Close analysis of reflected light from warm (∼400-800 K) planets can distinguish cloudy spectra, which have moderate albedos (0.05-0.20), from hazy models, which are very dark (0.0-0.03). Reflected light spectra of cold planets (∼200 K) accessible to a space-based visible light coronagraph will have high albedos and large molecular features that will allow them to be more easily characterized than the warmer transiting planets. We suggest a number of complementary observations to characterize this population of planets, including transmission spectra of hot (≳1000 K) targets, thermal emission spectra of warm targets using the James Webb Space Telescope, high spectral resolution (R∼105) observations of cloudy targets, and reflected light spectral observations of directly imaged cold targets. Despite the dearth of features observed in super Earth transmission spectra to date, different observations will provide rich diagnostics of their atmospheres.
Complementary Waveforms for Sidelobe Suppression and Radar Polarimetry (2011)

In this chapter, the focus is on the use and control of degrees of freedom in the radar illumination pattern and presented examples to highlight the value of properly utilizing degrees of freedom. It has been shown that by coordinating the transmission of Golay complementary waveforms in time (or exploiting waveform agility over time) according to carefully designed biphase sequences, and pulse trains whose ambiguity functions have desired properties can be constructed. It has also been shown that by combining Alamouti coding and Golay complementary property unitary polarization-time waveform matrices that make the full polarization scattering matrix of a target available for detection on a pulse-by-pulse basis can be constructed. Looking to the future, unitary waveform matrices as a new illumination paradigm that enables broad waveform adaptability across time, space, frequency and polarization.
Regulation of MHC Class I Transport in Human Dendritic Cells and the Dendritic-Like Cell Line KG-1 (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) progress through distinct maturational phases; immature DCs capture Ag while mature DCs are optimized for Ag presentation. Proper control of immunity requires regulated compartmentalization of MHC class II molecules. We report that DCs also regulate MHC class I trafficking throughout maturation. Although mature human DCs express high levels of surface MHC class I, immature DCs exhibit lower surface levels while retaining MHC class I-peptide complexes in the Golgi. A cell line, KG-1, behaves similarly. We confirm the similarity of KG-1 to DCs by demonstrating its capacity to present exogenous Ags in an MHC class I-restricted fashion to CD8(+) T cell hybridomas, a phenomenon called cross-presentation. Biochemical characterization of MHC class I trafficking throughout maturation showed that, in early KG-1 dendritic-like cells, surface arrival of MHC class I-peptide complexes is delayed by their retention in the Golgi. In mature dendritic-like cells, these complexes relocate to the surface and their stability increases, concomitant with up-regulation of costimulatory molecules. Maturation induces qualitative changes in the MHC class I-associated peptide repertoire demonstrated by increased thermostability. The differential processing of MHC class I throughout maturation may prevent premature immune activation while promoting T cell responses in lymph nodes to Ags acquired at sites of inflammation.
TU‐C‐330D‐03: Computed Tomography of the Breast: Design, Fabrication, Characterization, and Initial Clinical Testing (2006)

Purpose: Although there is overwhelming evidence that mammographic screening has led to a reduction in breast cancer mortality, most breast imaging experts agree that screening technology could be improved. We have developed a dedicated breast CT scanner which may be appropriate for breast cancer screening in some groups of women. Methods and Materials: A breast CT scanner was designed and fabricated in our laboratory using off‐the‐shelf components (an x‐ray system, flat panel detector, and motor) and custom‐manufactured parts. Image quality was assessed subjectively in terms of artifacts, and by conventional metrics (MTF for spatial resolution, RMS noise, etc.). Radiation dose levels were adjusted to be comparable to two‐view mammography, using a series of physical measurements and Monte Carlo computations. Evaluation in patients has begun with both Phase I and Phase II clinical trials. Results: The spatial resolution of the bCT system exceeds that of commercial scanners, with a 10 percent MTF corresponding to XX inverse mm (center of field, 80 kVp, 500 views). Noise metrics demonstrates that the scanner performs in a quantum limited manner. Ten healthy volunteers have been scanned, and as of this writing 35 women with BIRADS 4 or 5 diagnoses have been scanned. Subjective evaluation of image quality clearly indicates detail not seen mammographically. The volume dataset (300 512 × 512 pixel images) can be displayed in coronal, axial, saggital or any arbitrary view angle. Conclusions: The clinical evaluation of the bCT system is underway, and early subjective results have generated interesting images with excellent anatomical depiction. The use of contrast agents has added a functional component to breast CT imaging. Further patient accrual with subsequent quantitative (ROC) analysis is needed. Learning Objectives: 1. Status of breast CT implementation at UC Davis.
A high rate n-of-m speech processing strategy for the first generation Clarion cochlear implant (2009)

An n-of-m speech coding strategy has been developed for the Clarion Cochlear Implant Series 1.x (1.0 & 1.2). The basic principle is to reduce the number of stimuli per cycle, by neglecting the less significant spectral components, and to concentrate on the more dominant frequency bands. In this study 20 subjects, implanted with a Clarion device, used an n-of-m strategy at 1666 pps per channel. The outcomes using this strategy were compared with the outcomes using conventional processing (CIS at 833 pps/channel). Eight of the 20 subjects underwent additional testing with the n-of-m strategy with the rate set at 833 pps/channel. Using the n-of-m strategy at 1666 pps showed statistically significant improvement in performance over the CIS strategy, with 16 of the 20 subjects achieving better results. However, there was no statistically meaningful difference in performance between n-of-m at 833 pps and the CIS strategy running at the same rate. Results therefore suggest that n-of-m strategy can be an alternative to CIS, particularly when the implant hardware limits the overall stimulation rate.
The effect of cytidine‐diphosphate choline (CDP‐choline) on brain lipid changes during aging (1984)

Lipid synthesis has been tested in vivo in different brain areas of 12-month-old male rats. Cortex, striatum, brainstem, and subcortex of brain have been examined. The cerebellum was discarded. Mixtures of (2-3H)glycerol and (Me-14C)choline were injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain as lipid precursors, and their incorporation into total lipid, water-soluble intermediates and choline-containing phospholipids was examined 1 hr after isotope injection. In another series of experiments cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) was injected intraventricularly to the aged rats 10 min before sacrifice with a simultaneous injection, and radioactivity assays were performed as above. Distribution of radioactivity content of CDP-choline among brain areas 10 min after its administration showed a noticeable enrichment of the nucleotide and water-soluble-related compounds in the examined areas, but to a lesser degree in the cerebral cortex. The incorporation of labelled glycerol, which is severely depressed in aged rats in all four areas [Gaiti et al, 1982, 1983], was increased only in the cortex, and apparently decreased in the other areas. This last result is probably due to a dilution effect brought about by the administered cold CDP-choline upon the (14C)-containing water-soluble metabolites. As a consequence, the (3H)/(14C) ratio in total lipid and in isolated phosphatidylcholine and choline plasmalogen increased after CDP-choline treatment.
Contribution Analysis for Vehicle Interior Noise Using Only Response Signals (2013)

In this study, to separate contributions of vehicle interior noise using only response point signals, we tried to apply independent component analysis (ICA). To verify and consider applicability of ICA in contribution separation, we used engine and wind noises and mixed them in three conditions (synchrony / asynchrony / asynchrony with frequency characteristic), and carried out contribution separation using ICA to these mixed response signals. As results, the contribution was calculated accurately using time domain ICA in case the source signals were mixed synchrony, but the accuracy of this method became low when the signals were mixed asynchrony. However, frequency domain ICA could separate the contributions correctly. In case of the source signals were mixed asynchrony with frequency characteristic, permutation problem, in which the calculated contribution signal does not have the continuity among frequency, occurred. Then, we considered a permutation solution method using non-Gaussian characteristic of each calculated contributions. By applying the method, the contribution could be calculated accurately. Consequently, the proposed method using frequency domain ICA with the permutation solution was clarified to have an ability which separates contributions of vehicle interior noise using only response point signals.
The Political Revolution (2012)

On August 2, 2011, these were the headlines on the Al Jazeera English website: "Mubarak on Trial" "The Battle for Libya" "Syria Uprising" "Yemen Unrest" KeywordsSaudi ArabiaArab CountryArab WorldArab WomanMuslim PopulationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
An integrated charge-control J-K flip-flop (1964)

THIS PAPER will describe a novel concept in which transistors are used as charge storage circuit elements and utilized in the design of an integrated monolithic charge controlled J-K flip-flop.
Microemulsions: Evolving technology for cosmetic applications (1983)

The solubilization of hydrocortisone by microemulsions based on the combination of sodium stearate and sodium myristate with various alcohols and hydrocarbon oils was investigated by spectroscopic means at room temperature. The alcohols employed were n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, and n-heptanol. The oils ranged from n-hexane (C6) to n-hexadecane (C•6). It was observed that an increase in chain length of alcohols affected the solubility adversely. Changes in surfactant concentration, oil chain length, or water-to-oil ratios in the microemulsions did not have any significant effect on the solubility of the steroid. The solubilization capacity of the microemulsions was comparable to that of pure alcohols. The formulation of a microemulsion using pharmaceutically acceptable surfactants and hexadecane oil has been achieved. Brij © 35 and Arlacel © 186 were employed as surfactants, while isopropanol was incorporated as the cosurfactant. The microemulsion was stable upto 70øC without undergoing phase separation. Viscosity data suggested that the microemulsion obtained was the water-in-oil type. Electrical conductivity measurements were interpreted in terms of the percolation theory of charge transport. The solubility of hydrocortisone inthe system was determined by gravimetric means and was found to be much greater than in isopropanol n a volume basis of alcohol incorporated in the system. As observed in the case of sodium stearate microemulsions, the solubilization capacity was independent of the oil chain length and water-to-oil ratios in these microemulsions. Replacing water by 0.9 % NaCI solution did not affect the solubility of hydrocortisone in microemulsions. Possible applications of microemulsions in skin care and cosmetic areas are mentioned.
Non-AUG translation: a new start for protein synthesis in eukaryotes (2017)

Although it was long thought that eukaryotic translation almost always initiates at an AUG start codon, recent advancements in ribosome footprint mapping have revealed that non-AUG start codons are used at an astonishing frequency. These non-AUG initiation events are not simply errors but instead are used to generate or regulate proteins with key cellular functions; for example, during development or stress. Misregulation of non-AUG initiation events contributes to multiple human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, and modulation of non-AUG usage may represent a novel therapeutic strategy. It is thus becoming increasingly clear that start codon selection is regulated by many <i>trans</i>-acting initiation factors as well as sequence/structural elements within messenger RNAs and that non-AUG translation has a profound impact on cellular states.
HIV‐1 Tropism, Disease Progression, and Clinical Management (2008)

It has been 15 years since HIV-1 tropism was recognized as a prognostic marker for CD4 T cell depletion and progression to AIDS [1]. The original studies were performed by testing HIV-1 strains for syncytia induction in MT-2 cell culture. These cell-based assays had a sensitivity of detection of 5% and predicted disease progression. They were, however, slow and labor-intensive and thus did not lend themselves to clinical use. The discovery of HIV-1 coreceptors in 1996 demonstrated that syncytia formation in MT-2 cells was usually induced by HIV-1 strains that used the CXCR4 (i.e., X4) coreceptor (hereafter, “X4 strains”) [2]. Early studies of coreceptor use (i.e., tropism) confirmed that HIV-1 strains that used X4 were as-
Accelerator mass spectrometry in geologic research (2003)

Research Article| June 01, 2003 Accelerator mass spectrometry in geologic research Paul Muzikar; Paul Muzikar 1Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David Elmore; David Elmore 1Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Darryl E. Granger Darryl E. Granger 2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2003) 115 (6): 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0643:AMSIGR>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 18 Feb 2002 rev-recd: 05 Nov 2002 accepted: 11 Nov 2002 first online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Paul Muzikar, David Elmore, Darryl E. Granger; Accelerator mass spectrometry in geologic research. GSA Bulletin 2003;; 115 (6): 643–654. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0643:AMSIGR>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The ability of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to measure very small concentrations of the nuclides 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, and 129I has led to many innovative applications in geologic research. To take advantage of this opportunity in the geosciences, it is important to understand how AMS works, how these nuclides are produced, and how they can be applied to geologic problems. We first discuss the basics of AMS, explaining what gives the method its ability to count small numbers of these nuclides. We review how these nuclides are produced and transported in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. We then explain the ways that AMS is being used to solve a wide range of problems in geologic research by discussing specific applications in areas such as geomorphology, tectonics, climatology, hydrology, and geochronology. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Experimental study of 30 GB/side rewritable optical disk using a blue-laser diode (2003)

The read-write characteristics of a land and groove disk have been examined using a blue-laser diode, high NA objective lens and the PRML method. The wide tilt and defocus margins have been obtained and no deterioration by CW has been observed at a data bit length of 0.0987 /spl mu/m and a track pitch of 0.29 /spl mu/m. These experimental results certify the feasibility of a rewritable optical disk with a capacity of 30 GB/side.
Abdominal obesity as important component of insulin-resistance syndrome. (1994)

The regional distribution of body fat has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies that have investigated the potential associations between topographic features of adipose tissue and indices reflecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism have reported significant associations between abdominal fat deposition and metabolic complications. The development of computed tomography as a means to precisely measure the amount of subcutaneous and deep adipose tissue at any site of the body has shown that determination of the level of visceral adipose tissue is a critical measurement to perform in the assessment of the health hazards of obesity. Studies that we have conducted in premenopausal women have clearly shown that the level of visceral adipose tissue is the best correlate of lipoprotein ratios used to estimate the risk of CVD. We have also reported that a high level of visceral adipose tissue is associated with a deterioration of glucose tolerance and that the relationship between visceral fat deposition and glucose tolerance remains significant after controlling for the level of total-body fat. Because significant interrelationships were observed between abdominal visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipoproteinemias in obese women, it is suggested that visceral obesity is an important component of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome X) that has been previously described. This cluster of morphological, hormonal, and metabolic alterations observed in abdominal obesity may have substantial implications for the treatment of this condition.
How do People Type on Mobile Devices? (2019)

This paper presents a large-scale dataset on mobile text entry collected via a web-based transcription task performed by 37,370 volunteers. The average typing speed was 36.2 WPM with 2.3% uncorrected errors. The scale of the data enables powerful statistical analyses on the correlation between typing performance and various factors, such as demographics, finger usage, and use of intelligent text entry techniques. We report effects of age and finger usage on performance that correspond to previous studies. We also find evidence of relationships between performance and use of intelligent text entry techniques: auto-correct usage correlates positively with entry rates, whereas word prediction usage has a negative correlation. To aid further work on modeling, machine learning and design improvements in mobile text entry, we make the code and dataset openly available.
Impaired long‐term memory and long‐term potentiation in N‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup>channel‐deficient mice (2006)

Voltage-dependent N-type Ca(2+) channels, along with the P/Q-type, have a crucial role in controlling the release of neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at presynaptic terminals. However, their role in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory has never been examined. Here, we investigated hippocampus-dependent learning and memory and synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses in mice deficient for the alpha(1B) subunit of N-type Ca(2+) channels. The mutant mice exhibited impaired learning and memory in the Morris water maze and the social transmission of food preference tasks. In particular, long-term memory was impaired in the mutant mice. Interestingly, among activity-dependent long-lasting synaptic changes, theta burst- or 200-Hz-stimulation-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) was decreased in the mutant, compared with the wild-type mice. This type of LTP is known to require brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was found that both BDNF-induced potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and facilitation of the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were reduced in the mutant. Taken together, these results demonstrate that N-type Ca(2+) channels are required for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, and certain forms of LTP.
A cost-effective approach to implement a long instruction word microprrocessor (1990)

This paper presents a cost-effective approach to implement a long instruction word microprocessor. The proposed approach achieves the goal of optimal performance/cost tradeoff by selectively, instead of unconditionally, duplicating the hardware resources in a uniprocessor. A hardware resource is duplicated only if the performance improvement gained by doing so can justify the cost incurred. In accordance with this guideline, a long instruction word microprocessor architecture called the MPA architecture is proposed. The MPA architecture has two parallel execution units and, with a minimal increase of hardware cost, delivers a performance significantly higher than that of a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) uniprocessor, more than 50% higher in average for the five benchmark programs used in this sutdy. On the other hand, a long instruction word microprocessor with everything duplicated delivers a performance just slightly higher than that of the MPA architecture, less than 1% higher in average for the same five benchmark programs, but the cost incurred is a lot higher.