gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Heterozygosity at the<i>Ink4a/Arf</i>Locus Facilitates Abelson Virus Transformation of Pre-B Cells (2000)

In many tumor systems, analysis of cells for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has helped to clarify the role of tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis. Two important tumor suppressor genes, p53 and the Ink4a/Arf locus, play central roles in the multistep process of Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MLV) transformation. p53 and the p53 regulatory protein, p19Arf, are required for the apoptotic crisis that characterizes the progression of primary transformed pre-B cells to fully malignant cell lines. To search for other tumor suppressor genes which may be involved in the Ab-MLV transformation process, we used endogenous proviral markers and simple-sequence length polymorphism analysis to screen Abelson virus-transformed pre-B cells for evidence of LOH. Our survey reinforces the role of the p53-p19 regulatory pathway in transformation; 6 of 58 cell lines tested had lost sequences on mouse chromosome 4, including the Ink4a/Arf locus. Consistent with this pattern, a high frequency of primary pre-B-cell transformants derived from Ink4a/Arf +/- mice became established cell lines. In addition, half of them retained the single copy of the locus when the transformation process was complete. These data demonstrate that a single copy of the Ink4a/Arf locus is not sufficient to fully mediate the effects of these genes on transformation.
On the PAM matrix model of protein evolution. (1985)

The internal consistency of the PAM matrix model of protein evolution is here investigated. The 1 PAM matrix has been constructed from amino acid replacements observed in closely related sequences. Such replacements are of two types, those that do not require an intermediate amino acid replacement and those that do. The second type of replacement must generally be produced by a repetition of the first. This allows data on the first type to be used in predicting data on the second type so that some elements of the 1 PAM matrix may be used to predict others. A discrepancy of more than two orders of magnitude is found between the predictions and the data when this is carried out. This is partly accounted for by an error in constructing the matrix. However, it also seems necessary that the basic model be modified. Several possibilities are considered. One of these is to incorporate a site-dependent spectrum of mutabilities associated with each amino acid.
Electrical Network Models for Chassis Fault Current Analysis (2005)

The electrical power distribution system for International Space Station (ISS) payloads is designed with the single-point-ground (SPG) at the power source. The system design requires the minimum isolation resistance of one mega-ohm between the power circuits and the chassis ground at electrical loads to prevent current from flowing in ground references. Under fault conditions, solid state devices protect electrical wires by opening the circuits to interrupt power supply in the event of over-current to meet the electrical design and safety requirements. Due to the voltage potential difference between the electrical load power return and the SPG, nominal return current from power loads may flow in the reverse direction to the fault through the wire designed for nominal current load. This presents a concern that the fault current might exceed the electrical wire rating. Excessive fault current may jeopardize crew safety and equipment integrity. Therefore, the ISS payload safety review panel requires an accurate assessment of chassis fault current. The original electrical power distribution design approach adopted a simplified calculation which divides the nominal return current based on the ratio of fault resistance and the resistance of power returns wire. This approach treats each fault path independent from other loads on the same power bus and therefore, the interaction between nominal system loads and faulted circuit is ignored. The ISS payload engineering integration organization developed an improved design process network by accurately modeling power return-wire to chassis short-circuit scenarios to predict the fault current of each chassis fault path. The development of electrical network models and their applications are discussed. This methodology offers the flexibility of rapid model reconfiguration to accommodate different electrical load types and variations in fault resistance and source resistance to cover a wide range of scenarios. This analysis provides essential design information for the set points of the solid-state protection devices. This is an improved design process for any aerospace electrical power systems with SPG where the voltage differential between power load return and power source is significant, i.e., greater than a few hundred milli-volts
Synthesis and thermal behavior of inorganic–organic hybrid geopolymer composites (2005)

Abstract Inorganic geopolymer potassium aluminosilicate was prepared at room temperature by the reaction of kaolin, potassium silicate, and potassium hydroxide solution and was dispersed in situ into an epoxy matrix by various proportions to fabricate novel inorganic–organic hybrid geopolymer composites. The formation of inorganic geopolymer with respect to time was monitored by X‐ray diffraction and FT‐IR analysis and confirmed that 30 min is required to complete the geopolymerization. When geopolymers were properly mixed at different ratios with organic polymers such as epoxy and cured, these hybrid polymers exhibit significant thermal stability. Pure kaolin was also incorporated into the epoxy matrix to compare the change in chemical and thermal properties. Cone calorimetry results showed about 27% decreased in rate of heat release (RHR) on addition of 20% pure kaolin. However, about 57% of RHR was decreased on addition of only 20% geopolymer. Evaluation of CO 2 and CO were found to be minimum 2.0 and 0.7 kg/kg, respectively, for hybrid geopolymer composites compared to very high yield for epoxy at 3.5 kg/kg after 200 s of ignition. The current study shows that due to the high thermal stability of hybrid geopolymer composites, the novel hybrid geopolymer composites have the ability to be potential candidates to use in practical application where fire is of great concern. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 112–121, 2005
Complex principal component analysis of sea‐level pressure over the eastern USA (1991)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify preferred areas of synoptic‐scale disturbance activity through the use of the objective analysis technique called complex principal component analysis. This technique is applied to a sea‐level pressure data set consisting of twice daily observations (00 and 12 GMT) for the months January through to March for the years 1973–1976 and 1979–1982. These months were chosen to encompass the time frame of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) 1986. The geographical area studied extended from approximately 30°W to 120°W and 25°N to 60°N. The complex principal component analysis technique allows the detection of propagating features in the pressure data set. The eigenvalues, complex eigenvectors (components), and complex component scores are extracted from an augmented data matrix and are used to compute four measures that define the propagating features within the data set. Research has indicated a spatial relationship between cyclone and anticyclone tracks and the variance in station or sea‐level pressure, especially when the pressure data have been filtered to examine a frequency window traditionally associated with synoptic‐scale activity. The 2–10‐day period was selected for examination of synoptic‐scale activity in this study. The results of the analysis produced four components that could be given a preliminary, physical interpretation. The variability pattern produced by component 1 accounts for the movement of cyclones/anticyclones guided by the mean mid‐tropospheric flow. Component 2 represents the cold air outbreak anticyclones that move south‐eastward into the eastern USA. Component 3 is linked to the cold air outbreaks over the western USA and to cyclone movement in the eastern USA and Canada. Component 4 represents cyclones that move out of the central and southern states to become east coast systems. The results are not without ambiguities, which are discussed.
Renewable Alkanes by Aqueous‐Phase Reforming of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenates (2004)

Alkane aus erneuerbarer Biomasse werden durch Reforming in wässriger Phase in einem Reaktor erhalten. Dehydratisierung an saurem Kontakt (SiO2/Al2O3) und Hydrierung der Zwischenprodukte an einem Metallkatalysator überführen Sorbitol, das aus Biomasse gewonnen wird, in die Alkane (siehe Schema). Der Wasserstoff entsteht, ebenfalls am Metallkatalysator, aus Sorbitol und Wasser. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z53050_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Production of complex syntax in normal ageing and alzheimer's disease (1995)

Abstract Word-finding difficulties are among the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but most AD patients retain the ability to produce well-formed sentences until the late stages of their disease. This dissociation has been used to argue for a modular distinction between grammar and the lexicon. In this paper, we offer an alternative view. First, we show that grammatical production is impaired in AD patients when grammar is assessed under highly constrained conditions in a film description task. Furthermore, these grammatical deficits are comparable in some respects to the patterns of lexical impairment observed in this and other studies of AD; specifically, patients do not produce frank lexical or grammatical errors, but they do find it difficult to access the “best fit” between meaning and form. We propose that differences in the onset time for lexical and grammatical symptoms in AD are due not to a disconnection between modules, but to fundamental differences in the automaticity and/or accessibility of content words and grammatical structures within a unified lexicon that breaks down gradually across the course of this disease.
Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia of the Prostate (1995)

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) of the prostate is a microscopic proliferation of small glands that may be mistaken for adenocarcinoma. The extent and multicentricity of this histopathologic lesion have not been fully defined, and the spatial relationship with carcinoma has not been described in whole-mount surgical specimens. We sought to determine whether the extent and zonal location of AAH is related to prostate cancer by evaluating 217 totally embedded radical prostatectomy specimens with cancer. All but 17 patients had clinically localized cancer, and none had received preoperative therapy. The number of foci and volume of AAH were measured using a grid-counting method; proximity to cancer was recorded as either less than or equal to 2 mm from cancer or greater than 2 mm from cancer. AAH was identified in 23.0% of cases and was more frequent in the transition zone (19.8% of cases) than in the nontransition (peripheral and central) zone (6.0%). It was found within 2 mm of cancer in 34% of cases of AAH, including 30% of cases in the transition zone and 31% cases in the nontrasition zone. The number of foci of AAH in the transition zone was always greater than that in the nontransition zone, regardless of whether it was within 2 mm of cancer or more than 2 mm from cancer. AAH was frequently multicentric (46% of cases), especially in the transition zone (47% of transition zone cases) compared with the nontransition zone (23% of nontransition zone cases). The mean volume of AAH was 0.029 cc (range, 0-1.29 cc) and was much higher in the transition zone than the nontransition zone, regardless of whether it was within 2 mm of cancer or more than 2 mm from cancer. In cases of AAH within 2 mm of cancer, the volume was lower than in cases more than 2 mm from cancer; this was true regardless of zonal location. AAH was more common in older patients and in those with greater prostatic weight, higher prostatic volume, greater percentage of nodular hyperplasia, greater volume of cancer, greater percent of Gleason patterns 4 and 5 cancer, higher volume of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and higher serum prostate-specific antigen level. There was no correlation of number of foci of AAH or volume of AAH with pathologic stage, seminal vesicle invasion, Gleason primary pattern or score, nuclear grade, perineural invasion by tumor, or DNA ploidy. Our results indicate that AAH is usually found iin the transition zone in association with nodular hyperplasia and is often multicentric. The extent and zonal distribution of AAH and carcinoma show a weak but significant association.
Preparation of biaxial orientation mats from single fibers (2009)

Abstract Electrospinning provides a simple and versatile method for fabricating nanofiber mats. Electrospun fiber mat of well aligned and order architectures was often required for many applications. In this communication, biaxial orientation mats were electrospun by a novel collector consisting of two rotating disks with conductive edge. In addition, an auxiliary electrode was induced to focus the electrostatic field and force the fibers to align regularly. The biaxial orientation structure was formed with the variation of rotation speed without revolving the fiber mat during the electrospinning process, and the dates presented in this paper demonstrated that the degree of biaxial orientation strongly depended on the rotation speed. This simple method has potential applications in textile and electronic areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The “red lion”; decision (1969)

The decision of the Supreme Court last June in the “Red Lion”; and “RTNDA”; cases is the most important decision on broadcasting from SCOTUS in many years. On this fact communications attorneys, members of the FCC, editorial writers, teachers, and the Vice President of the U. S. can all agree. To make this landmark decision more readily available, the Journal is providing below most of the verbatim text of the decision. In the interests of conserving space, some minor marked deletions have been made. The full title of this case is: “Red Lion Broadcasting Co., Inc., etc., et al, Petitioners, v Federal Communications Commission et al. (No. 2)—United States et al. Petitioners, v Radio Television News Directors Association, et al. (No. 717).”; It was argued April 2 and 3, 1969, and decided June 9, 1969, with Mr. Justice White delivering the opinion of the Court. The precise legal citations from the court reporting systems are not yet available.
New perspectives in asymmetric induction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew perspectives in asymmetric inductionJames K. WhitesellCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 9, 280–284Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00117a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (595 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The “Texas-Sized” Molecular Box: A Versatile Building Block for the Construction of Anion-Directed Mechanically Interlocked Structures (2012)

Over the last two decades, researchers have focused on the synthesis and development of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). The intramolecular motion of mechanical bonds and the ability to induce this effect with the choice of the proper external stimuli has prompted the development of macromolecular systems that possess the ability to "perform work" at the molecular level. Currently, researchers are working to incorporate interlocked species into complex structural systems, such as molecular frameworks and nanoparticles, and to create ever more elegant noncovalent architectures. This effort provides an incentive to generate new building blocks for the construction of MIMs. In this Account, we describe progress in the development of a new cationic building block inspired by the "blue box" of Stoddart and collaborators. The blue box (cylcobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) or CBPQT(4+)) is a tetracationic, electron-deficient macrocycle widely recognized for its role in the construction of MIMs. This venerable receptor displays a high affinity for a variety of π-donor guests, and researchers have used them to construct a wide range of molecular and supramolecular structures, including rotaxanes, catenanes, pseudorotaxanes, polypseudorotaxanes, pseudo[n]polyrotaxanes, and electrochemically switchable molecules. To date, several synthetic analogues of the basic CBPQT(4+) structure have been reported, including systems containing biphenylene linkers and chiral tetracationic cyclophanes. However, researchers have not yet fully generalized the promise of the blue box. In this Account, we chronicle the development of a larger, more flexible tetracationic macrocycle, referred to as the "Texas-sized" molecular box. To highlight its relatively increased size and to distinguish it from CBPQT(4+), we have chosen to color this new receptor burnt orange. The Texas-sized box (cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene), 1(4+)·4PF(6)(-)) acts as a dynamic molecular receptor that displays an ability to adjust its shape and conformation to accommodate anionic guests of different size and charge within its central core. The use of different guests can favor different binding modes and promote the formation of different macromolecular aggregates. Furthermore, the proper selection of the guest allows for the "turning on" or "turning off" of molecular threading and can be used to produce new kinds of threaded species. This dynamic behavior is a special feature of the Texas-sized molecular box, as is its ability to stabilize a range of polypseudorotaxanes, rotaxane-containing metal-organic frameworks (MORFs), and rotaxane-based supramolecular organic frameworks (RSOFs).
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Sequence Database: an expanded data model integrating natural language text and sequence analysis programs (2001)

The HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Sequence Database is an on-line relational database that catalogs evolutionary and drug-related sequence variation in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease enzymes, the molecular targets of anti-HIV therapy (http://hivdb.stanford.edu). The database contains a compilation of nearly all published HIV RT and protease sequences, including submissions from International Collaboration databases and sequences published in journal articles. Sequences are linked to data about the source of the sequence sample and the antiretroviral drug treatment history of the individual from whom the isolate was obtained. During the past year 3500 sequences have been added and the data model has been expanded to include drug susceptibility data on sequenced isolates. Database content has also been integrated with didactic text and the output of two sequence analysis programs.
Spin and symmetry adaptation of the variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix method (2005)

The variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix (2-RDM) method computes the ground-state energy and 2-RDM of an atom or molecule without calculation of the many-electron wave function. Recently, the computational efficiency of the 2-RDM method has been significantly enhanced through the use of a first-order algorithm for semidefinite programming [Mazziotti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213001 (2004)]. In this paper we develop a spin- and symmetry-adapted formulation of the method that further improves its efficiency by incorporating both the spin and spatial symmetries of many-electron atoms and molecules. While previous work on density-matrix symmetry focused on only one form of the 2-RDM, the variational method employs three different forms of the 2-RDM, known as the $D$, $Q$, and $G$ matrices, to restrict the 2-RDM to be approximately $N$-representable, that is representable by an $N$-electron wave function. We apply spin symmetries to the three forms of the 2-RDM, each of which breaks into four diagonal spin-blocks, namely one singlet and three triplet blocks. If the molecules have point-group symmetry, each of the 2-RDMs may be further subdivided into smaller diagonal blocks according to the spatial symmetry of the basis functions. The subdivision of the 2-RDMs into diagonal blocks generates significant computational savings in both floating-point operations and memory storage. Calculations illustrate the computational savings. Spin adaptation also enforces the correct expectation value of the ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{S}}^{2}$ operator, which in earlier work is applied as a separate constraint.
Immunomodulatory Activities of Flavonoids, Monoterpenoids, Triterpenoids, Iridoid Glycosides and Phenolic Compounds of<i>Plantago</i>Species (2003)

A number of Plantago spp. especially P. major has long been used in the treatment of diseases such as infection, inflammation and cancer. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activities of five chemical classes of pure compounds obtained from the Plantago genus on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Studies were conducted on lymphocyte transformation by BrdU immunoassay and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) using an ELISA assay. Results showed that the water-soluble compounds, namely aucubin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid, enhanced the activity of human lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma. Among the water-insoluble compounds, with the exception of luteolin, both baicalein and baicalin showed an enhancement of the human PBMC. Although oleanolic acid and ursolic acid of the triterpenoids did not significantly affect the proliferation of PBMC, they exhibited a strong stimulation of IFN-gamma secretion. Linalool, a monoterpenoid, showed a similar immunomodulatory activity as the triterpenoids. The present study concludes that the tested compounds, which possess immunostimulating activities, may contribute to the traditional claims of Plantago-based natural products used in treating cancers and infectious diseases.