gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopic differential cell counting to identify inflammatory reactions in dairy cow quarter milk samples (2012)

The diagnosis of intramammary infections is mostly based on somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological analysis. As an alternative, differential cell counting (DCC) could be a useful method, because it identifies changes in the relative cell populations before the increase in total cell number occurs. The aim of the study was to identify cytological parameters that could be used in the field to classify mammary quarters as healthy or diseased, comparing cyto-bacteriological results with DCC. Overall, 48 cows were randomly selected from 3 herds in Lombardy region of Italy. Herd A was characterized by the absence of contagious microorganisms; in herds B and C, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 20 and 50%, respectively. Foremilk samples were aseptically collected from 188 quarters and submitted to bacteriological analysis, SCC, and DCC. For statistical analysis, the samples were clustered into 4 health groups, and DCC results were compared in each group. Ninety-six samples were classified as normal secretions (N), 30 as mastitis (M), 15 as latent mastitis (LM), and 47 as unspecific mastitis (UM) based on SCC and bacteriological results. Single percentages of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNL), or macrophages were first evaluated to established variables capable of identifying healthy and inflamed quarters. Then, combinations of cell populations were tested to increase the discrimination power of DCC: phagocytes, logarithmic PMNL:lymphocyte ratio, and logarithmic phagocyte:lymphocyte ratio. The mean percentage of lymphocytes was significantly higher in group N than in groups LM, UM, and M. The mean percentage of PMNL was significantly lower in group N than in groups UM and M, but not LM. Mean percentages of macrophages were not significantly influenced by the 4 groups. The mean value of phagocytes was significantly lower in group N than in the other groups. Both the logarithmic PMNL:lymphocyte and the logarithmic phagocyte:lymphocyte ratios were significantly lower in group N than in groups LM, UM, and M. Fisher (F-)values were calculated, and the highest F-value was that of log PMNL:lymphocytes ratio (48.23). The explanation for this could be that log PMNL:Lym is the only variable that involved both cell populations statistically influenced by health groups but excluded macrophages. Microscopic DCC has potential as a tool to identify cows affected by any inflammatory process of the mammary gland, with the best results being achieved using log PMNL:lymphocyte as variable.
The Interaction of Dienophiles with Aromatic Substances (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Interaction of Dienophiles with Aromatic SubstancesL. J. Andrews and R. M. KeeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 15, 3776–3779Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01111a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01111a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BuD, a helix–loop–helix DNA-binding domain for genome modification (2014)

DNA editing offers new possibilities in synthetic biology and biomedicine for modulation or modification of cellular functions to organisms. However, inaccuracy in this process may lead to genome damage. To address this important problem, a strategy allowing specific gene modification has been achieved through the addition, removal or exchange of DNA sequences using customized proteins and the endogenous DNA-repair machinery. Therefore, the engineering of specific protein-DNA interactions in protein scaffolds is key to providing `toolkits' for precise genome modification or regulation of gene expression. In a search for putative DNA-binding domains, BurrH, a protein that recognizes a 19 bp DNA target, was identified. Here, its apo and DNA-bound crystal structures are reported, revealing a central region containing 19 repeats of a helix-loop-helix modular domain (BurrH domain; BuD), which identifies the DNA target by a single residue-to-nucleotide code, thus facilitating its redesign for gene targeting. New DNA-binding specificities have been engineered in this template, showing that BuD-derived nucleases (BuDNs) induce high levels of gene targeting in a locus of the human haemoglobin β (HBB) gene close to mutations responsible for sickle-cell anaemia. Hence, the unique combination of high efficiency and specificity of the BuD arrays can push forward diverse genome-modification approaches for cell or organism redesign, opening new avenues for gene editing.
The Formation of a New Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ring System by the Loss of Carbon Monoxide from 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-quinone<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of a New Nitrogen Heterocyclic Ring System by the Loss of Carbon Monoxide from 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-quinone1George E. Inglett and G. Frederick SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 2, 842–844Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01158a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01158a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views981Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New therapeutic options for HCV infection in the monoclonal antibody era. (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and the most common indication for liver transplantation. Current therapies are ineffective in a relevant percentage of patients raising the urgent medical need to develop adequate therapies for this infection. Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the HCV E2 glycoprotein (HCV/E2), the major target of the neutralizing humoral immune response, are considered as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for this infection. In the last few years, several anti-HCV/E2 human mAbs have been described in literature to be possibly used for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. In this review, we illustrate the best candidates for an anti-HCV mAb-based therapy, considering their cross-neutralization profiles and their ability to overcome possible viral escape mechanisms.
Vacuum Brazing of Alumina to Titanium for Implantable Feedthroughs Using Pure Gold as the Braze Metal (2014)

Pure gold brazing of 96% alumina ceramic with CP titanium using electrical resistance heating has been analyzed. Wetting studies of gold with niobium and titanium were performed. HTCC alumina ceramic was metalized with a 500nm Nb layer yielding hermetic joints with Ti ferrule having leak rate of the order of 1.6×10 -8 atm-cc/ sec. Wetting studies of Ti with Au and EDX analysis at the Au- Ti interface revealed that all the four Ti-Au intermetallic compounds forms at the interface and to avoid the growth of these intermetallic compounds brazing time should be kept minimum. Nb also shows good wetting behavior towards molten gold. Adhesion strength of Nb thin film over polished alumina substrate was measured using nanoscratch testing using a nanoindentor on 100nm Nb thin film on alumina. Scratch testing revealed that strong and adherent thin films of Nb over polished alumina can be deposited using sputtering. 
Vehicle Idling Vibration Raduction Using Electric Machine Active Torque Control. (1993)

A method for reducing vehicle idling vibration caused by engine torque variation due to individual cylinder combustion has been theoretically deduced and experimentally confirmed. Electric machine torque is actively controlled to reduce acceleration variation of the crankshaft, so that the electric machine torque and the engine torque variation cancel each other. The result is reduced crankshaft rotational speed variation and engine and vehicle vibration. Since, in general, the engine torque variation increases with engine load, it is desirable to use electric machines such as a motor generator, that can provide torque to the engine as well as take torque away to achieve better vibration reduction than machines that only absorb the engine torque, such as an alternator. Experimental results using test cars with four-cylinder engines validate the control concepts and clearly show the effectiveness of the control method for vibration reduction.
The Need for a Re-Interpretation of the History of Central Europe (1932)

Research Article| June 01 1932 The Need for a Re-Interpretation of the History of Central Europe O. H. Wedel O. H. Wedel Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1932) 1 (2): 211–220. https://doi.org/10.2307/3633692 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation O. H. Wedel; The Need for a Re-Interpretation of the History of Central Europe. Pacific Historical Review 1 June 1932; 1 (2): 211–220. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3633692 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1932 The Arthur H. Clark Company Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Effect of ornidazole on fertility of male rats: inhibition of a glycolysis-related motility pattern and zona binding required for fertilization in vitro (2000)

The effects of the male antifertility agent ornidazole on glycolysis as a prerequisite for fertilization were investigated in rats. Antifertility doses of ornidazole inhibited glycolysis within mature spermatozoa as determined from the lack of glucose utilization, reduced acidosis under anaerobic conditions and reduced glycolytic enzyme activity. As a consequence, cauda epididymidal spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed rats were unable to fertilize rat oocytes in vitro, with or without cumulus cells, which was not due to transfer of an inhibitor in epididymal fluid with the spermatozoa. Under IVF conditions, binding to the zona pellucida was reduced in spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males and the spermatozoa did not undergo a change in swimming pattern, which was observed in controls. The block to fertilization could be explained by the disruption of glycolysis-dependent events, since reduced binding to the zona pellucida and a lack of kinematic changes were demonstrated by control spermatozoa in glucose-free media in the presence of respiratory substrates. The importance of glycolysis for binding to, and penetration of, the zona pellucida, and hyperactivation in rats is discussed in relation to the glycolytic production of ATP in the principal piece in which local deprivation of energy may explain the reduced force of spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males.
SERS‐Marker für die Anregung mit rotem Laserlicht: Glasverkapselte SAMs auf Gold/Silber‐Nanoschalen (2009)

Abstract SAM im Glashaus : Glasverkapselte selbstorganisierte Monolagen (SAMs) auf durchstimmbaren Gold/Silber‐Nanoschalen wurden als Markierungsreagens für die oberflächenverstärkte Raman‐Streuung (SERS) eingesetzt. Dieses Konzept vereint die spektroskopischen Vorteile einer maximalen Oberflächenbedeckung und der einheitlichen molekularen Orientierung der Raman‐Markermoleküle innerhalb der vollständigen Monolage mit der hohen Stabilität einer Glashülle. magnified image
System for precisely measuring temperature and radiativity of high temperature object (1999)

The precise measuring system designed with a new method, which could simultaneously measure temperature and radiativity of high temperature object, is introduced. This system mainly consists of three parts: optical system, signal amplifying and controlling system, and display system. Principle and structure of the system is introduced. The key technology and the corresponding solution methods are discussed. The effects on radiativity and temperature measurement precision by choice of working wavelength, L 1 measurement precision while fan shaped plate is closed and L 2 measurement precision while fan shaped plate is opened, are analyzed.
Differential regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression by nitric oxide donors and antioxidants (1998)

Although nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidants inhibit adhesion molecule expression, their inhibitory effects on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation may differ. The NO donors, but not 8-bromo-cGMP, decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression by 11-70%. In contrast, NAC completely abolished VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression and decreased ICAM-1 expression by 56%. Gel shift assays demonstrate that NF-kappaB activation was inhibited by both NO and antioxidants. The activation of NF-kappaB involves the phosphorylation and degradation of its cytoplasmic inhibitor IkappaB-alpha by 26S proteasomes. The 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132 prevented the degradation of phosphorylated IkappaB-alpha. NAC inhibited IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity and prevented IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation. In contrast, NO did not inhibit IKK activity, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, or IkappaB-alpha degradation. However, NO, but not antioxidants, induced IkappaB-alpha promoter activity. The inhibitory effects of NO on adhesion molecule expression, therefore, differs from that of antioxidants in terms of the mechanism by which NF-kappaB is inactivated.
In vivo investigation of restricted diffusion in the human brain with optimized oscillating diffusion gradient encoding (2013)

The obtained results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of using an OGSE acquisition for investigating microstructure information on a human MR system.
Microwave Printed Circuits - A Historical Survey (1955)

The microwave printed circuit, as described in this paper, is an extension of the well-known technique which is of such importance in the lower frequency regions, where lumped element circuits are practical. This new circuit possesses all of the virtues of other printed circuits, such as light weight, cheapness, ease of manufacture, miniaturization, etc., along with the ability to be used at frequencies as high as 10,000 mc. The basis of the new technique is the planar or "flat strip" coaxial transmission system which was developed during World War II but which has remained unpublished and relatively unknown in the postwar period; and for which an adequate theoretical analysis had not been available.
Canine Ehrlichiosis Caused Simultaneously by <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia platys</i> (2000)

To identify the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis that has occurred in the suburbs of Guangzhou, China, since 1998, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Two sequences of 1,482 and 1,483 base pairs were obtained and named as Gzh981 and Gzh982, respectively. The level of similarity of these two was 91.50%, and Gzh981 closely resembled the 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia canis, whereas Gzh982 resembled Ehrlichia platys. We therefore conclude that E. canis and E. platys together caused recent outbreaks of canine ehrlichiosis in China.
Analysis of "An MOS four-quadrant analog multiplier using simple two-input squaring circuits with source followers" (1994)

A theoretical analysis of the sum and difference-squaring circuits for an MOS four-quadrant analog multiplier was carried out. It was shown that the multiplication characteristics should be superior, due to its make up of unbalanced source-coupled pairs with the same small integer value (two or three) gate W/L ratio and by its use with a differential input system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non‐cryopreserved, limited number (1 or 2) peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collections following GCSF administration provide adequate hematologic support for high dose chemotherapy (1994)

Sixty-two patients with a variety of malignant diseases including 44 with breast cancer, seven with sarcomas, five with germ cell tumours, four with Hodgkin's disease and two with multiple myeloma received short duration, high dose chemotherapy, with non-cryporeserved peripheral blood progenitor cell rescue as treatment for malignancy. Limited, (one or two) peripheral blood precursor cell collections were performed following either cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide+GCSF or GCSF priming. Total nucleated cell and CD34+ cell yields were significantly higher with either of the two GCSF priming regimens as compared to cyclophosphamide only priming. Cell viability at the time or reinfusion was also enhanced by GCSF priming. Chemotherapy regimens included either high dose cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone and VP16 (HD-CNV); high dose melphelan plus VP16; high dose BCNU, cyclophosphamide and VP16 (BCV); or high carboplatin, cyclophosphamide and VP16 (PCV) all given over 8-12 h. Non-cryopreserved blood progenitor cells, stored at 4 degrees C, were reinfused 24 h after completion of chemotherapy. Sixty-one of 62 patients showed hematologic recovery. Median time to hematologic recovery was significantly shorter for patients receiving GCSF primed cell collections. There was also significantly less hospitalization and antibiotic usage for patients receiving GCSF primed precursor cell collections. The addition of post chemotherapy GCSF did not, however, appear to enhance the rate of hematologic recovery. This study shows that simplified schedules for high dose chemotherapy administration together with simple precursor cell collection procedures provide safe and effective methods for administering myeloablative chemotherapy treatment.
Agricultural Machinery Safety Alert System Using Ultrasonic Sensors (2002)

This article introduces a conceptual safety alert system using ultrasonic sensors. The safety alert system was designed to detect moving objects in the vicinity of agricultural machinery. This system uses two ultrasonic sensors to detect the distances between the sensors and the moving object and a position detection algorithm to determine the moving object's position relative to the machinery. A stationary test bench was built to prove the concept of the safety sensing system. Validation tests in an outdoor environment indicated that the conceptual safety alert system was capable of detecting the position of a moving object in the vicinity of agricultural machinery in real time, and generating a timely warning signal to raise the attention of the operator for ensuring safe operations. This result proved that the conceptual system has tremendous potential for agricultural machinery applications.
Dithienylbenzodipyrrolidone: New Acceptor for Donor–Acceptor Low Band Gap Polymers (2013)

An analogue of DPP, dithienylbenzodipyrrolidone (DTBDPD), was successfully synthesized. Several D–A copolymers, with different electron donating capability donor unit (fluorene, difluorene, dithienosilole, and dithienopyrrole) and DTBDPD acceptor, were prepared by means of Suzuki and Stille coupling reaction. The optical and electrochemical properties were demonstrated through UV–vis–NIR absorption and cyclic voltammetry (CV). All polymers showed near-infrared or even infrared absorption and deeper LUMO levels, as low as −3.80 eV.
Malignant Transformation of Melanocytes to Melanoma by Constitutive Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MAPKK) Signaling (2003)

Malignant melanoma is the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence in the United States. Ultraviolet light and deficiency of the p16ink4a gene are known factors that predispose one to the development of malignant melanoma. The signal transduction pathways that underlie the progression of melanoma from their precursors, atypical nevi, are not well understood. We examined activation of the MAP kinase pathway in atypical nevi and melanoma cells and found that this pathway is activated in melanomas. To determine the functional significance of this activation, we introduced constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) into immortalized melanocytes. The introduction of this gene into melanocytes leads to tumorigenesis in nude mice, activation of the angiogenic switch, and increased production of the proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Activation of MAP kinase signaling may be an important pathway involved in melanoma transformation. Inhibition of MAP kinase signaling may be useful in the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
Cellular Based Remote Vehicle Data Access (2007)

Remote access to vehicle operational data is a central feature in leveraging next generation telematics services. A challenge with vehicles utilizing complicated computer systems is how to extract the vehicle diagnostic data, evaluate it to expose possible problems and determine how to fix any problems. This paper describes a Cellular based Remote Vehicle Data Access System that provides In-vehicle data access including the diagnostic data on to mobile cellular phones using GPRS technology.