gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging anti-HIV drugs (2005)

There are now exactly 20 anti-HIV drugs licenced (approved) for clinical use, and > 30 anti-HIV compounds under (pre)clinical development. The licensed anti-HIV drugs fall into five categories: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs: zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine); nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate); non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs: nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz); protease inhibitors (PIs: saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, lopinavir, atazanavir and fosamprenavir); and fusion inhibitors (FIs: enfuvirtide). The compounds that are currently under clinical (Phase I, II or III) or preclinical investigation are either targeted at the same specific viral proteins as the licensed compounds (i.e., reverse transcriptase [NRTIs: PSI-5004, (-)-dOTC, DPC-817, elvucitabine, alovudine, MIV-210, amdoxovir, DOT; NNRTIs: thiocarboxanilide, UC-781, capravirine, dapivirine, etravirine, rilpivirine], protease [PIs: tipranavir, TMC-114]) or other specific viral proteins (i.e., gp120: cyanovirin N; attachment inhibitors: AIs, such as BMS-488043; integrase: L-870,812, PDPV-165; capsid proteins: PA-457, alpha-HCG); or cellular proteins (CD4 downmodulators: CADAs; CXCR4 antagonists: AMD-070, CS-3955; CCR5 antagonists: TAK-220, SCH-D, AK-602, UK-427857). Combination therapy is likely to remain the gold standard for the treatment of AIDS so as to maximise potency, minimise toxicity and diminish the risk for resistance development. Ideally, pill burden should be reduced to once-daily dosing so as to optimise the patient's compliance and reduce the treatment costs.
Effect of ring rotation upon gas adsorption in SIFSIX-3-M (M = Fe, Ni) pillared square grid networks (2016)

Dynamic and flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that respond to external stimuli, such as stress, light, heat, and the presence of guest molecules, hold promise for applications in chemical sensing, drug delivery, gas separations, and catalysis. A greater understanding of the relationship between flexible constituents in MOFs and gas adsorption may enable the rational design of MOFs with dynamic moieties and stimuli-responsive behavior. Here, we detail the effect of subtle structural changes upon the gas sorption behavior of two "SIFSIX" pillared square grid frameworks, namely SIFSIX-3-M (M = Ni, Fe). We observe a pronounced inflection in the Xe adsorption isotherm in the Ni variant. With evidence from X-ray diffraction studies, density functional theory, and molecular simulations, we attribute the inflection to a disordered to ordered transition of the rotational configurations of the pyrazine rings induced by sorbate-sorbent interactions. We also address the effect of cage size, temperature, and sorbate on the guest-induced ring rotation and the adsorption isotherms. The absence of an inflection in the Xe adsorption isotherm in SIFSIX-3-Fe and in the Kr, N<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms in SIFSIX-3-Ni suggest that the inflection is highly sensitive to the match between the size of the cage and the guest molecule.
Costimulation of CD8 T Cell Responses by OX40 (2004)

The persistence of functional CD8 T cell responses is dependent on checkpoints established during priming. Although naive CD8 cells can proliferate with a short period of stimulation, CD4 help, inflammation, and/or high peptide affinity are necessary for the survival of CTL and for effective priming. Using OX40-deficient CD8 cells specific for a defined Ag, and agonist and antagonist OX40 reagents, we show that OX40/OX40 ligand interactions can determine the extent of expansion of CD8 T cells during responses to conventional protein Ag and can provide sufficient signals to confer CTL-mediated protection against tumor growth. OX40 signaling primarily functions to maintain CTL survival during the initial rounds of cell division after Ag encounter. Thus, OX40 is one of the costimulatory molecules that can contribute signals to regulate the accumulation of Ag-reactive CD8 cells during immune responses.
Virus mutation frequencies can be greatly underestimated by monoclonal antibody neutralization of virions (1989)

Monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants have been widely used to estimate virus mutation frequencies. We demonstrate that standard virion neutralization inevitably underestimates monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant genome frequencies of vesicular stomatitis virus, due to phenotypic masking-mixing when wild-type (wt) virions are present in thousandsfold greater numbers. We show that incorporation of antibody into the plaque overlay medium (after virus penetration at 37 degrees C) can provide accurate estimates of genome frequencies of neutral monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant viruses in wt clones. By using this method, we have observed two adjacent G----A base transition frequencies in the I3 epitope to be of the order of 10(-4) in a wt glycine codon. This appears to be slightly lower than the frequencies observed at other sites for total (viable and nonviable) virus genomes when using a direct sequence approach.
Phosphopeptide Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1996)

In this paper we present methods for identifying and sequencing phosphopeptides in simple mixtures, such as HPLC fractions, at the subpicomole level by (+) ion matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Data are presented which indicate that when a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer is used, MALDI can distinguish tyrosine phosphorylation from serine and threonine phosphorylation for peptides containing a single phosphate group. Phosphopeptides are identified in the (+) ion MALDI reflector spectrum by the presence of [MH-H3PO4]+ and [MH-HPO3]+ fragment ions formed by metastable decomposition. An abundant [MH-H3PO4]+ ion, accompanied by a weaker [MH-HPO3]+ ion indicates that the peptide is most likely phosphorylated on serine or threonine. In contrast, phosphotyrosine-containing peptides generally exhibit [MH-HPO3]+ fragment ions and little, if any [MH-H3PO4]+. Ambiguities do arise, most often with phosphopeptides that contain residues which readily lose water (such as unmodified serine), but these can often be resolved by recording a complete metastable fragment ion (postsource decay) spectrum. Postsource decay is shown here to be a viable technique for sequencing phosphopeptides. It can be used to distinguish between serine/ threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation and in many cases can be used to determine the exact site of phosphorylation in a peptide sequence. Nearly complete sequence coverage and phosphorylation site mapping is generally possible using approximately 300 fmol of peptide.
The Dead Sea Scrolls: Select Publications by Latter-day Saint Scholars (2010)

Select bibliography of LDS research on the Dead Sea Scrolls.
A low-power DCT chip utilizing post-fabrication clock-timing adjustment with area reductions and adjustment speed enhancements (2007)

A new post-fabrication clock-timing adjustment method using a genetic algorithm (GA) has been proposed to improve the performance of sub-100 nm LSIs. In the new method, we propose a new technique for implementing post-fabrication clock-timing adjustment, which is extremely effective in enhancing chip performance at almost negligible costs. The new technique comprises insertion-point prediction that specifies flip-flops to be adjusted in advance, and an improved GA technique for high-speed adjustment. We apply these techniques to an image-processing DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) circuit that has low-power consumption characteristics, and developed a chip with 1,031 programmable delay circuits. The test chip circuit exhibits a more than 15% reduction in power consumption with an area increase of only 5%. The developed method is expected to realize adjustments within a few seconds.
Efficient microtip fabrication with carbon coating and electron beam deposition for atomic force microscopy (1992)

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Exploiting contextual change in context-aware retrieval (2002)

Information retrieval systems are usually unaware of the context in which they are being used. We believe that exploiting context information to augment existing retrieval methods can lead to increased retrieval precision. This approach is particularly important with the development of wireless mobile information appliances, such as PDAs. Many of these devices are aware of the user's physical context, and this has led to the evolution of context-aware applications. Such applications can automatically utilise the user's current context, e.g. location or ambient temperature. Context-Aware Retrieval is related to traditional Information Retrieval and Information Filtering, but is potentially more challenging due to the often continuous changes in user context. To meet these challenges we suggest a potential advantage of Context-Aware Retrieval: this is that the current context is often changing gradually and semi-predictably. In this paper we suggest new methods based on a context-diary and caching aimed at improving both the precision of relevant retrieved information and the speed/availability of retrieval. The methods can be used, in principle, on top of existing retrieval systems.
The oval pupil: clinical significance and relationship to intracranial hypertension (1983)

✓ The oval pupil, or what has also been termed the “oblong” or “football” pupil, has been observed in 15 neurosurgical patients over a 2-year period. In 14 of the 15 patients, the intracranial pressure (ICP) was elevated, ranging from 18 to 38 mm Hg. While the oval pupil was primarily seen in patients suffering closed head injuries (11 cases), it was also observed in two patients with elevated ICP following hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation. In nine of the 14 patients in whom the pupillary abnormality was associated with intracranial hypertension, the oval pupil disappeared when the ICP was reduced to below 20 mm Hg. In four cases, the ICP could not be controlled and the pupil became progressively larger, and finally fixed and unreactive. The oval pupil represents a transitional stage indicating transtentorial herniation with third nerve compression. Although it may be seen in the absence of intracranial hypertension (one case in this series), this appears to be relatively uncommon. The presence of such a pupil on examination in a patient suffering an intracranial catastrophe, be it head injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intracerebral hemorrhage, suggests impending transtentorial herniation with brain-stem compression.
New process makes high-purity yttrium-90 (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew process makes high-purity yttrium-90JOSEPH HAGGINCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 34, 8Publication Date (Print):August 20, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 20 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n034.p008https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n034.p008newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Half-life,Nuclear fission,Nuclear medicine,Nuclear reactors,Radiation Get e-Alerts
Autonomous behavior control of virtual actors based on the AIR model (2002)

We developed a mechanism in which the behavior of actors in computer-generated virtual space is determined in response their interaction with each other. We call this mechanism the Autonomous Interactive Reaction model (AIR model). The AIR model is a simplified mechanism for determining human-like behavior expressed in terms of parameters for emotion and personality, and an actor's behavior is determined using these parameters. The AIR model adjusts these parameters in response to the communication between actors, so each actor's behavior is determined as a result of his interaction with other actors.
Serum cathepsin B levels, urinary excretion of cathepsin B and tissue cathepsin B content in the patients with gastric cancer. (1993)

Serum cathepsin B levels and urinary excretion of cathepsin B in the patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in the control non-cancer patients. Moreover, cancer tissue cathepsin B content was significantly higher than that in the normal tissue. After radical curative operations for gastric cancers, both serum cathepsin B levels and urinary excretion of cathepsin B were restored to the control values. These results suggest a possible role of lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B in the pathogenesis of tumor growth, and also suggest that these parameters might be possible indicators for tumor malignancy.
Insecticidal effects of <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> (Cupressaceae) essential oil on <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] (2001)

Analysis of Thuja occidentalis L. essential oil used for insect fumigation by phase gas chromatography revealed the presence of 22 compounds including α-thujone (49.64%), fenchone (14.06%), and β-thujone (8.98%). Fumigation of adult bruchids with the oil alone resulted in lethal doses (LD 50 ) of 1.1, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 μL/insect after 3, 6, 9 and 12 h, respectively. When insects were treated with aromatized powder, significant differences were also found between treatments and control. Application of 100 mg of powder aromatized at 3 μL essential oil g –1 on bruchid pairs lead to 95% mortality of females and 100% of males with 0% of mortality in the control after 6 h exposure. Five days after their deposit, egg hatching was 1.2% (treated with kaolin powder aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil), 41% (with kaolin alone) and 44% of eggs (control without kaolin). In the same experiment, adult emergence of 80% (in treatments with kaolin alone), 100% in control (without kaolin) and 0% (with kaolin aromatized with T. occidentalis essential oil) were recorded 30 d after treatment. Germination of cowpea seeds was not significantly affected by the treatments. Five days after sowing, germination was 88, 97 and 97%, respectively, when cowpea grains were treated and exposed, treated and unexposed, untreated and unexposed, respectively, while those untreated and exposed had 15% germination. Key words: Thuja occidentalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil, kaolin, fumigation, ethnobotany.
The Last Universal Common Ancestor: emergence, constitution and genetic legacy of an elusive forerunner (2008)

This article was reviewed by Anthony Poole, Patrick Forterre, and Nicolas Galtier.
Phase Behavior of Solvent Vapor Annealed Thin Films of PS-<i>b</i>-P4VP(PDP) Supramolecules (2008)

The phase behavior and terrace formation of solvent (chloroform) vapor annealed thin films of asymmetric comb-shaped supramolecules consisting of a polystyrene (PS) block and a supramolecular block of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) hydrogen bonded with pentadecylphenol (PDP) on silicon oxide (SiO2) were examined. P4VP(PDP) was found to be present at the SiO2 interface as well as the air interface, implying symmetric boundary conditions. Because of the inherent change in composition by swelling in a selective solvent, the morphology of a lamellar film could be changed to cylindrical by swelling at different vapor pressures of chloroform vapor. Swelling at a specific vapor pressure at the phase boundary between lamellar and cylindrical resulted in noncommon terrace formation behavior. The lowest terrace consisted of two wetting layers forming one lamella, the second terrace contained perpendicular lamellae, and the highest terrace consisted of parallel P4VP(PDP) cylinders. The results are presented in a morphology diagram as a function of film thickness and composition.
Correlation between high temperature dependence of smooth muscle myosin light chain phosphatase activity and muscle relaxation rate. (1994)

Q10 values of the protein phosphatases that can dephosphorylate the regulatory light chain of smooth muscle myosin were determined. Six phosphatases were examined, i.e. skeletal muscle protein phosphatase 1c; protein phosphatase 2Ac; smooth muscle phosphatases (SMP) I, II, and IV; and myosin-associated protein phosphatase (MAP phosphatase). Among them, SMP-IV and MAP phosphatase, which can dephosphorylate intact smooth muscle myosin, showed extremely high Q10 values (5.3 and 5.2, respectively). On the other hand, the Q10 values of other tested phosphatases were within the range of the normal enzyme reaction (Q10 = 2.0). The rate of dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain in alpha-toxin-skinned strips was measured at different temperatures. The results provided a Q10 of 5.1, which was quite similar to those values obtained for SMP-IV and MAP phosphatase. These results suggest that the physiological myosin light chain phosphatases are SMP-IV and/or MAP phosphatase, i.e. type 1 protein phosphatases. The temperature dependence of maximum force, the steady-state extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation, and the relaxation rate of alpha-toxin-permeabilized rabbit portal vein smooth muscle strips were measured. Both maximum force and the extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation were significantly higher at lower temperature (15 degrees C) than at higher temperature (25 degrees C) under all pCa conditions tested, i.e. > 8, 6.3, and 5. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate was much steeper (decreased 4 times by lowering the temperature from 25 to 15 degrees C) than that of the initial rate of increase in force development (decreased 1.4 times by lowering the temperature from 25 to 15 degrees C). These results are consistent with the Q10 values of myosin light chain phosphatases (Q10 = 5) and myosin light chain kinase (Q10 = 1.7) and further show that the smooth muscle type 1 phosphatases are responsible for the dephosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin in situ.
Shifting From Ziegler–Natta to Philips‐Type Catalyst? A Simple and Safe Access to Reduced Titanium Systems for Ethylene Polymerization (2011)

Silica-supported titanium(IV) chloride is readily reduced by Mashima and co-workers' reagent (1-methyl-3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene) to afford materials active in ethylene polymerisation without need of aluminum alkyl cocatalyst.
Experiences from a field test using ICN for live video streaming (2015)

Information Centric Networking (ICN) aims to evolve the Internet from a host-centric to a data-centric paradigm. In particular, it improves performance and resource efficiency in events with large crowds where many users in a local area want to generate and watch media content related to the event. In this paper, we present the design of a live video streaming system built on the NetInf ICN architecture and how the architecture was adapted to support live streaming of media content. To evaluate the feasibility and performance of the system, extensive field tests were carried out over several days during a major sports event. We show that our system streams videos successfully with low delay and communication overhead compared with existing Internet streaming services, by scalability tests using emulated clients we also show that it could support several thousands of simultaneous users.
Effects of Cholesterol and Inflammation-Sensitive Plasma Proteins on Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Men (2002)

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with high plasma levels of ISP. These proteins increase the cholesterol-related incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In the absence of elevated ISP levels, no statistically confirmed association was found between hypercholesterolemia and ischemic stroke.
Deploying OpenStack on CentOS Using the KVM Hypervisor and GlusterFS Distributed File System (2012)

Cloud computing has proven to be a successful distributed computing model as demostrated by its wide spread industrial adoption. Apart from public Clouds, such as Amazon EC2, private and hybrid Cloud deployments are important for organizations of all scales. The availability of free open source Cloud platforms is essential to further drive the proliferation of private and hybrid Cloud computing environments. OpenStack is free open source Cloud computing software originally released by Rackspace and NASA, which strives to close the gap in the lack of a comprehensive Cloud platform with a fast pace of development and innovation, and supported by both an active community of people and large companies. In this work, we go through and discuss the steps required to come from bare hardware to a fully operational multi-node OpenStack installation. Every step discussed in this paper is implemented as a separate shell script making it easy to understand the intricate details of the installation process. The full set of installation scripts is reseased under the Apache 2.0 License and is publicly
Solution structure of a unique C5a semi‐synthetic antagonist: Implications in receptor binding (1997)

The tertiary structure of a unique C5a receptor antagonist was determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The core domain of this 8-kDa antagonist exists as an antiparallel helical bundle, similar to recombinant human (rh)-C5a. However, unlike C5a, the antagonist's C terminus was found to be conformationally restricted along a groove between helices one and four in the core domain. This conformational restriction situates C-terminal D-Arg 75 in a wedge between core residues Arg 46 and His 15. Correlation of the antagonist's tertiary structure with point mutation analysis revealed the formation of a positively charged contiguous contact surface comprised of D-Arg 75, Arg 46, Lys 49, and His 15. The significance of this surface in generating antagonist properties implies a single binding site with the C5a receptor and provides a structural template for drug design.
Dextran .ALPHA.-1,2 debranching enzyme from Flavobacterium sp. M-73: Its production and purification. (1979)

A new type of dextranase, dextran α-1, 2 debranching enzyme, was detected in the culture fluid of a gram negative bacterium. This dextranase producing microorganism had charac-teristics of the genus Flavobacterium, and was tentatively named M-73. The optimum condi-tions for enzyme production were studied. The debranching enzyme was concentrated from the culture supernatant, treated at 55°C to inactivate the concomitant dextranase activity, and purified by column chromatography on DEAF-cellulose. Further purification was performed by biospecific adsorption chromato-graphy using Sephadex G-150, from which the enzyme was eluted with a solution of clinical dextran, and by polyacrylamide preparative gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous and had a molecular weight of approximately 125, 000. About a 2, 700-fold increase in specific activity was achieved (66 units per milligram of protein) with a yield of 14.2%.