gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable Reverse Engineering of Intel DRAM Addressing Using Performance Counters (2020)

The memory controller of a processor translates the physical memory address to hardware components such as memory channels, ranks, and banks. This DRAM address mapping is of interest to many researchers in the fields of IT security, hardware architecture, system software, and performance tuning. However, Intel processors are using a complex and undocumented DRAM addressing. The addressing can be different for every system because it depends on many aspects such as the processor model, DIMM population on the motherboard, and BIOS settings. Thus an analysis for every individual system is necessary. In this paper, we introduce an automatic and reliable method for reverse engineering the DRAM addressing of Intel server-class processors. In contrast to existing approaches, it is reliable, measurement errors are unlikely to occur, and can be detected if they occur. Our method mainly relies on CPU hardware performance counters to precisely locate the accessed DRAM component. It eliminates the problem of wrong attribution that is common in timing based approaches. We validated our method by reversing engineering the DRAM addressing of a diverse set of Intel processors. This set includes Broadwell, Haswell, and Skylake micro-architectures, with various core counts, DIMM arrangements, and BIOS settings. We show the correctness of the determined addressing functions using micro-benchmarks that access specific DRAM components.
Regulation of Fibroblastic Growth Factor 23 Expression but Not Degradation by PHEX (2003)

Inactivating mutations of Phex cause X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) by increasing levels of a circulating phosphaturic factor. FGF23 is a candidate for this phosphaturic factor. Elevated serum FGF23 levels correlate with the degree of hypophosphatemia in XLH, suggesting that loss of Phex function in this disorder results in either diminished degradation and/or increased biosynthesis of FGF23. To establish the mechanisms whereby Phex regulates FGF23, we assessed Phex-dependent hydrolysis of recombinant FGF23 in vitro and measured fgf23 message levels in the Hyp mouse homologue of XLH. In COS-7 cells, overexpression of FGF23 resulted in its degradation into N- and C-terminal fragments by an endogenous decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-sensitive furin-type convertase. Phex-dependent hydrolysis of full-length FGF23 or its N- and C-terminal fragments could not be demonstrated in the presence or absence of decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethyl ketone in COS-7 cells expressing Phex and FGF23. In a reticulolysate system, apparent cleavage of FGF23 occurred with wild-type Phex, the inactive Phex-3'M mutant, and vector controls, indicating nonspecific metabolism of FGF23 by contaminating enzymes. These findings suggest that FGF23 is not a direct Phex substrate. In contrast, by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, the levels of fgf23 transcripts were highest in bone, the predominant site of Phex expression. In addition, Hyp mice displayed a bone-restricted increase in fgf23 transcripts in association with inactivating Phex mutations. Increased expression of fgf23 was also observed in Hyp-derived osteoblasts in culture. These findings suggest that Phex, possibly through the actions of unidentified Phex substrates or other downstream effectors, regulates fgf23 expression as part of a potential hormonal axis between bone and kidney that controls systemic phosphate homeostasis and mineralization.
The ht beta gene encodes a novel CACCC box-binding protein that regulates T-cell receptor gene expression. (1993)

A gene encoding a novel CACCC box-binding protein that binds to the promoter region of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta 8.1 gene and the mouse TCR alpha gene silencer has been cloned. This gene, termed ht beta, contains four zinc fingers of the class Cys2-X12-His2 that may be responsible for DNA binding and a highly negatively charged region that defines a putative transcriptional activation domain. Analysis of the expression of ht beta mRNA revealed similar expression levels and patterns in various cell lines. The bacterially expressed ht beta protein can bind to the CACCC box in both the human TCR V beta 8.1 gene promoter and the mouse TCR alpha gene silencer. The CACCC box is essential for efficient transcription of the V beta 8.1 promoter. Cotransfection with an ht beta expression plasmid and a reporter vector indicated that ht beta can activate human TCR V beta 8.1 gene transcription. ht beta also is able to counteract the silencing effect of the mouse TCR alpha gene silencer. The CACCC box has been found in almost all V beta 8.1 gene subfamily members and in both TCR alpha and beta gene enhancers in humans and mice. These results suggest that the CACCC box-binding protein may have an important regulatory function for TCR gene expression in alpha beta T cells versus gamma delta T cells.
STFT Phase Improvement for Single Channel Speech Enhancement (2012)

In state-of-the-art single channel short-time Fourier transform (STFT) based speech enhancement algorithms only the amplitude of the noisy speech signal is improved, but its phase is left unchanged. It is commonly assumed that the noisy phase is the best estimate of the clean phase available. While using the noisy phase is indeed optimal under certain statistical assumptions, in this paper we show that blindly improving the noisy phase is possible when these, potentially limiting, assumptions are dropped. Without modifying the amplitude, the proposed algorithm leads to frequency weighted SNR improvements of up to 1.8 dB. Further, the presented phase enhancement scheme is real-time capable and can be combined with any off-the-shelf STFT-based amplitude estimator.
[Quality estimation and influence factors of the larger chemically acellular nerve allografts in vitro]. (2006)

The degrees of demyelination are not parallel to the times of decellularization processes. In the quality control of CANA, we should consider the following 4 factors: activity of Laminin, degrees of decellularization, demyelination, and structural integrity. For the larger CANA, ligation of the two ends of the nerve segments during the decellularization procedure may be a better method of ensuring the quality of the decellularization.
Molecular evidence for drug-induced compartmentalization of HIV-1 quasispecies in a patient with periodic changes to HAART (2000)

This report is unique in showing drug-induced compartmentalization of viral quasispecies under the control of different HAART regimens in both plasma and PBMC. Introduction and withdrawal of zidovudine from the HAART regimen had direct bearing on the appearance and disappearance of specific zidovudine drug-resistance mutations in plasma-derived virus. This data has important implications for the management of HIV-infected patients with poor compliance with certain HAART regimens, and also in predicting the late emergence of drug-resistance mutations via the latent integrated provirus.
Biocompatibility evaluation of dura mater substitutes in an animal model (2001)

Dura-Guard Dural Repair Patch, PRECLUDE Dura Substitute, and Codman ETHISORB Dura Patch were evaluated in a six-month dural tissue reaction study in rabbits. Bilateral craniotomy was followed by subdural implantation for each dura mater substitute. The surgical procedure for the sham control group was the same except that no material was implanted. Implantation of all of these dura mater substitutes for 28, 91, or 182 days post-implantation did not result in any deaths or clinical neurobehavioral abnormalities, changes in cerebrospinal fluid, or significant macroscopic changes at necropsy. However, histomorphologic evaluation of the implantation sites revealed some differences in the tissue response to these materials. For Dura-Guard Dural Repair Patch, a nonabsorbable material derived from bovine pericardium, the implantation site was characterized by fibrosis of the overlying area with islands of osseous metaplasia and adhesions to the brain surface. Over time, infiltrative fibrosis of the implant resulted in separation of the collagenous layers of the implant and compression of the underlying brain. Fibrosis of the overlying area that incorporated this material formed a 'replacement' dura mater. Adhesions to the brain surface observed initially were still present at six months post-implantation. Implantation of PRECLUDE Dura Substitute, a nonabsorbable material comprised of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, resulted in virtually no early reaction, and few adhesions to the brain surface at any time period. Although this material was eventually incorporated by fibrosis, islands of osseous metaplasia were also observed in this 'replacement' dura mater. The tissue reaction to Codman ETHISORB Dura Patch, an absorbable material comprised of polyglactin 910 and polydioxanone, was generally characterized by low-grade granulomatous inflammation and initial adhesions to the brain surface. The three-dimensional structure of this implant acted as a scaffold to guide the development and integration of a 'replacement' dura mater. The absorption of the material was associated with complete resolution of the inflammatory reaction, a lack of cerebral adhesions, and restoration of the normal architecture of this region. In conclusion, subdural implantation of Dura-Guard Dural Repair Patch, PRECLUDE Dura Substitute, or Codman ETHISORB Dura Patch in rabbits for up to six months resulted in the eventual restoration of the dura mater without significant adverse effects. However, osseous metaplasia associated with nonabsorbable Dura-Guard Dural Repair Patch and PRECLUDE Dura Substitute, and the infiltration of Dura-Guard Dural Repair Patch by fibrosis suggests that long-term follow-up may be needed after the use of these materials in patients. An advantage of Codman ETHISORB Dura Patch was that it was completely absorbed after guiding the restoration of the dura mater without any morphological sequelae.
Maximum principles for weakly coupled parabolic systems (1992)

Maximum principles and bounds for solutions of weakly coupled second order parabolic systems, Mu + Cu = 0 or f in (n>1) are established by using the idea of Liapunov's Second Method. Here is a second order real parabolic operator, and the m×l vectors f, u, and the mxm matrix C all have entries which are complex-valued functions.
Reflections on Writing an Engineering Company History (1998)

Using the experience of a recently completed Masters thesis, this paper identifies typical problems in producing the history of 19th century Australian engineering enterprises, and argues that those with technical backgrounds have a responsibility to consider producing similar histories employing their own personal experience and knowledge. These efforts will help refute the popular concepts of a minimal Australian history, preserve the writer's own individual expertise and experience, and gain greater profile for engineering and science in the eyes of the wider public. The old myth that Australia has no history is readily contradicted by presenting the technological, commercial and social histories of manufacturing enterprises, and the myth that there was no industry in Australia before WWII is clearly wrong in the face of the existence and achievements of companies similar to Thompson & Co.
Developments in flexible endoscopic surgery: a review (2014)

Flexible endoscopy is increasingly developing into a therapeutic instead of a purely diagnostic discipline. Improved visualization makes early lesions easily detectable and allows us to decide ad hoc on the required treatment. Deep enteroscopy allows the exploration of even the small bowel - for long a "white spot" for gastrointestinal endoscopy - and to perform direct treatment. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a considerable step forward in oncologically correct endoscopic treatment of (early) malignant lesions. Though still technically challenging, it is increasingly facilitated by new manipulation techniques and tools that are being steadily optimized. Closure of wall defects and hemostasis could be improved significantly. Even the anatomy beyond the gastrointestinal wall is being explored by the therapeutic use of endoluminal ultrasound. Endosonographic-guided surgery is not only a suitable fallback solution if conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails, but even makes necrosectomy procedures, abscess drainage, and neurolysis feasible for the endoscopist. Newly developed endoscopic approaches aim at formerly distinctive surgical domains like gastroesophageal reflux disease, appendicitis, and cholecystitis. Combined endoscopic/laparoscopic interventional techniques could become the harbingers of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, whereas pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is currently still in its beginnings.
Salmonellosis in Wildlife: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Options for the Zoo Veterinary Technician and Wildlife Rehabilitator (2007)

   Salmonellosis is a common worldwide disease that can affect all animals, including humans. The primary mode of transmission is through direct oral ingestion of contaminated feces or through contaminated food sources. Salmonellae are small, straight, Gram–negative rods whose many serotypes fall into two main categories: those highly adapted to a specific host and those with broad host ranges. The incidence of salmonellosis has increased with the intensification of livestock production where animals are abnormally crowded and stressed. Under these conditions fecal contamination of skin or food supplies can occur. Although these situations rarely occur in natural settings, it is important to note that zoos and rehabilitation facilities can render similar stressful situations. Clinical salmonellosis manifests as primary enteritis and colitis, generalized infection (septicemia), or abortion, and can occur in all stages from peracute to chronic. A positive diagnosis of salmonellosis is based on a fecal culture of the bacteria and observed clinical signs. Salmonella spp. can be spread from wildlife to humans by improper handling of infected animals and is considered a Class 4 nosocomial pathogen. Conversely, there are documented cases in Antarctica and Africa where increasing ecotourism has resulted in higher incidences of salmonellosis in native wildlife. Clinically ill animals can be treated cautiously with an antibiotic and receive supportive care but, in severe cases, the prognosis is guarded. Use of the existing list of recommended husbandry and hygienic actions, along with the ability to detect the signs, will decrease the spread of salmonellosis in wildlife facilities and zoos to those animals under care as well as to the practitioners.
Exploratory investigation of laminar-boundary-layer oscillations on a rotating disk (1947)

Sinusoidal waves excited by random disturbances have been observed in the laminar boundary layer of a rotating disk at Reynolds numbers in a narrow range below the Reynolds number of transition. Their frequency was found to be approximately a constant times the velocity of the disk. The velocity of the waves at the radius of 11 inches was determined and found to be 0.2 linear velocity of the disk in a downstream direction, making an angle of approximately 14 degrees with the outward drawn radius vector.
Phosphoenolpyruvate: Sugar Phosphotransferase System from the Hyperthermophilic <i>Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis</i> (2011)

Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis is a thermophilic eubacterium that has a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) of 22 proteins. The general PTS proteins, enzyme I and HPr, and the transporters for N-acetylglucosamine (EIICB(GlcNAc)) and fructose (EIIBC(Fru)) have thermal unfolding transitions at ∼90 °C and a temperature optimum for in vitro sugar phosphotransferase activity of 65 °C. The phosphocysteine of a EIICB(GlcNAc) mutant is unusually stable at room temperature with a t(1/2) of 60 h. The PEP binding C-terminal domain of enzyme I (EIC) forms a metastable covalent adduct with PEP at 65 °C. Crystallization of this adduct afforded the 1.68 Å resolution structure of EIC with a molecule of pyruvate in the active site. We also report the 1.83 Å crystal structure of the EIC-PEP complex. The comparison of the two structures with the apo form and with full-length EI shows differences between the active site side chain conformations of the PEP and pyruvate states but not between the pyruvate and apo states. In the presence of PEP, Arg465 forms a salt bridge with the phosphate moiety while Glu504 forms salt bridges with Arg186 and Arg195 of the N-terminal domain of enzyme I (EIN), which stabilizes a conformation appropriate for the in-line transfer of the phosphoryl moiety from PEP to His191. After transfer, Arg465 swings 4.8 Å away to form an alternative salt bridge with the carboxylate of Glu504. Glu504 loses the grip of Arg186 and Arg195, and the EIN domain can swing away to hand on the phosphoryl group to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr.
Effect of Polystyrene Addition on Freeze Casting of Ceramic/Camphene Slurry for Ultra‐High Porosity Ceramics with Aligned Pore Channels (2006)

We investigated the effect of polystyrene (PS) addition on the freezing behavior of a very dilute alumina/camphene slurry with an initial solid loading of 5 vol% for the fabrication of ultra‐high porosity ceramics with aligned pore channels. To accomplish this, slurries with various PS contents (10, 20, and 30 vol% in relation to the alumina powders) were prepared by ball milling at 60°C and then cast into molds at a constant temperature of 20°C. After removing the frozen camphene, the samples were heat treated to burn out the organic phases and sinter the alumina walls. The addition of the PS binder remarkably enhanced the green strength of the sample, making it possible to handle it without difficulty. All of the sintered samples showed ultra‐high porosities of >88% without the collapse of the porous structure, wherein the pore channels were completely interconnected. Three distinctive zones having different pore structures were observed, viz. the outer shell with elongated pores, the inner zone with long aligned pore channels, and the center with equiaxed pores. The content of the PS polymer significantly affected the pore morphologies in the three distinctive zones. In addition, it was found that the addition of the PS polymer was highly beneficial to the alignment of the pore channels.
On the learnability of Boolean formulae (1987)

Article Free Access Share on On the learnability of Boolean formulae Authors: M. Kearns Harvard University Harvard UniversityView Profile , M. Li Harvard University Harvard UniversityView Profile , L. Pitt University of Illinois University of IllinoisView Profile , L. Valiant Harvard University Harvard UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '87: Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computingJanuary 1987 Pages 285–295https://doi.org/10.1145/28395.28426Online:01 January 1987Publication History 157citation769DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations157Total Downloads769Last 12 Months62Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Design of a radiator shade for testing in a simulated lunar environment (1992)

Clinical awareness to the structured order of responses and to the effect of dosage can help clinicians in early assessment of response to dopaminergic treatment in VS patients.
The Design and Implementation of an Antivirus Software Advising System (2012)

People use computers for all kind of activities: online gaming, shopping, entertainment, emails, face book, study, research, etc. At the same time, the risk of infection by malicious programs in these computers is rising. The main issue is that general users don't understand what a virus is and how computers get infected. On the other hand, many vendors produce antivirus software with different features to prevent or remove these viruses from people's computers. General users don't understand the concept of each feature in these programs, nor is there a tool to advise users about what the features mean and help them select the right software for personal or business needs. The purpose of this paper is to create an advising system to assist general users to study about computer virus and antivirus, understand the various features of antivirus software products, and select right antivirus software to protect their computers.
Multiple Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes Modulate Striatal Dopamine Release, as Studied with M<sub>1</sub>–M<sub>5</sub>Muscarinic Receptor Knock-Out Mice (2002)

A proper balance between striatal muscarinic cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission is required for coordinated locomotor control. Activation of striatal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) is known to modulate striatal dopamine release. To identify the mAChR subtype(s) involved in this activity, we used genetically altered mice that lacked functional M1-M5 mAChRs [knock-out (KO) mice]. In superfused striatal slices from wild-type mice, the non-subtype-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine led to concentration-dependent increases in potassium-stimulated [3H]dopamine release (by up to 60%). The lack of M1 or M2 receptors had no significant effect on the magnitude of these responses. Strikingly, oxotremorine-mediated potentiation of stimulated striatal [3H]dopamine release was abolished in M4 receptor KO mice, significantly increased in M3 receptor-deficient mice, and significantly reduced (but not abolished) in M5 receptor KO mice. Additional release studies performed in the presence of tetrodotoxin suggested that the dopamine release-stimulating M4 receptors are probably located on neuronal cell bodies, but that the release-facilitating M5 and the release-inhibiting M3 receptors are likely to be located on nerve terminals. Studies with the GABA(A) receptor blocker bicuculline methochloride suggested that M3 and M4 receptors mediate their dopamine release-modulatory effects via facilitation or inhibition, respectively, of striatal GABA release. These results provide unambiguous evidence that multiple mAChR subtypes are involved in the regulation of striatal dopamine release. These findings should contribute to a better understanding of the important functional roles that the muscarinic cholinergic system plays in striatal function.
Effect of bilateral and unilateral caloric vestibular stimulation in scopolamine induced dementia in Wistar albino rats (2018)

This study was undertaken to provide preliminary evidence for beneficial effects of both bilateral as well as unilateral caloric vestibular stimulation as an alternative therapy for enhancement of cognition and motor activity in Scopolamine induced dementia in Wistar albino rats. 36 healthy, adult male Wistar albino rats with body weight ranging from 150-200 g were used in the current study. Donepezil is used as standard drug in this study. Donepezil was administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 14 days. Caloric vestibular stimulation was administered by irrigating the middle ear cavity with hot water with a temperature of 45 degree centigrade with the help of syringe for 30 days. In conclusion, even though our study proves both unilateral left and bilateral hot water vestibular stimulation is beneficial in Scopolamine induced dementic rats in improving spatial cognition as well as motor control, unilateral left vestibular stimulation was found to be more beneficial. We recommend further detailed studies in this area to explore mechanisms of action.