gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Electromechanical Gait Trainer for Restoration of Gait in Hemiparetic Stroke Patients: Preliminary Results (2001)

Modern concepts of gait rehabilitation after stroke favor a task-specific repetitive approach. In practice, the required physical effort of the therapists limits the realization of this approach. Therefore, a mechanized gait trainer enabling nonambulatory patients to have the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapists was constructed. This preliminary study investigated whether an additional 4-week daily therapy on the gait trainer could improve gait ability in 14 chronic wheelchair-bound hemiparetic subjects. The 4 weeks of physiotherapy and gait-trainer therapy resulted in a relevant improvement of gait ability in all subjects. Velocity, cadence, and stride length improved significantly (p < 0.01). The kinesiologic electromyogram of selected lower-limb muscles revealed a more physiologic pattern. The confounding influence of spontaneous recovery, the lack of a control group, and the double amount of therapy limit the clinical relevance of this study. Nevertheless, the gait trainer seems feasible as an adjunctive tool in gait rehabilitation after stroke; further studies are needed.
Global amplification of mRNA by template-switching PCR: linearity and application to microarray analysis (2003)

Conventional approaches to target labelling for expression microarray analysis typically require relatively large amounts of total RNA, a serious limitation when the sample available is small. Here we explore the cycle-dependent amplification characteristics of Template-Switching PCR and validate its use for microarray target labelling. TS-PCR identifies up to 80% of the differentially expressed genes identified by direct labelling using 30-fold less input RNA for the amplification, with the equivalent of 1000-fold less starting material being used for each hybridisation. Moreover, the sensitivity of microarray experiments is increased considerably, allowing the identification of differentially expressed transcripts below the level of detection using targets prepared by direct labelling. We have also validated the fidelity of amplification and show that the amplified material faithfully represents the starting mRNA population. This method outperforms conventional labelling strategies, not only in terms of sensitivity and the identification of differentially expressed genes, but it is also faster and less labour intensive than other amplification protocols.
INHIBITION OF THE GROWTH OF AGENTS OF THE PSITTACOSIS GROUP BY<scp>d</scp>-CYCLOSERINE AND ITS SPECIFIC REVERSAL BY<scp>d</scp>-ALANINE (1963)

Moulder, James W. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), Dorothy L. Novosel, and Julius E. Officer. Inhibition of the growth of agents of the psittacosis group by d-cycloserine and its specific reversal by d-alanine. J. Bacteriol. 85:707-711. 1963.-d-Cycloserine inhibited multiplication of four members of the psittacosis group in chick embryo yolk sac. d-Alanine reversed each inhibition. In infections with the agent of mouse pneumonitis, the most sensitive member of the psittacosis group tested, d-alanine competitively antagonized the growth inhibition produced by d-cycloserine. Of a number of other potential reversing agents, only dl-alanyl-dl-alanine reversed the effect of d-cycloserine on mouse pneumonitis agent. The significance of the susceptibility of the psittacosis group to d-cycloserine is discussed in light of the known mode of action of this antibiotic on bacteria.
Novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 2. Tricyclic pyridobenzoxazepinones and dibenzoxazepinones (1992)

Dibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepin-11(10H)-ones (III), pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzoxazepin-6(5H)-ones (IV), and pyrido[2,3-b]- [1,5]benzoxazepin-5(6H)-ones (V) were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase with IC50 values as low as 19 nM. A-ring substitution has a profound effect on activity, with appropriate substituents at the positions ortho and para to the lactam nitrogen providing dramatically enhanced potency. Substitution in the C-ring is generally neutral or detrimental to activity. Although a C-ring amino substituent at the position meta to the lactam carbonyl is generally beneficial to activity, it has essentially no effect when the A-ring is optimally substituted. Like the dipyridodiazepinone nevirapine, compounds III-V are specific for HIV-1 RT, exhibiting no inhibitory activity against HIV-2 RT or other virial reverse transcriptase enzymes.
<i>β</i>1 integrin mediated adhesion increases Bim protein degradation and contributes to drug resistance in leukaemia cells (2006)

It has been shown that the tumour microenvironment confers resistance to chemotherapy. Specifically, it was previously reported that adhesion of haematopoietic tumour cells to fibronectin (FN) via beta1 integrins confers a multi-drug resistance phenotype commonly referred to as cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. The present study showed that the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Bim was reduced when leukaemia cells were adherent to FN via beta1 integrins. beta1 integrin-mediated regulation of Bim in K562 cells was demonstrated to be partly a result of increased proteasomal-mediated degradation of Bim protein levels, and proteasome inhibitors prevent Bim degradation. Increased degradation of Bim was not related to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, as adhesion of K562 cells caused a reduction in phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 levels. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of MAP/ERK (MEK) with PD98059 did not increase Bim levels. Reducing Bim levels by short hairpin RNA targeting inhibited imatinib and mitoxantrone-induced cell death. These results showed that beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion regulates Bim degradation and may contribute to the minimal residual disease associated with many haematopoietic malignancies. Together our data indicate that disrupting beta1 integrin-mediated regulation of Bim degradation may increase the efficacy of drugs, including imatinib, used to treat haematopoietic malignancies.
Simulation of the MELiSSA closed loop system as a tool to define its integration strategy (2008)

Abstract Inspired by a terrestrial ecosystem, Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) is a project focused on a closed-loop life support system intended for future long-term manned missions (Moon and Mars bases). Started by the ESA in 1989, this 5-compartment concept has evolved through a mechanistic engineering approach designed to acquire both theoretical and technical knowledge. In its current state of development, the project can now start to demonstrate the MELiSSA loop concept at pilot scale. Thus, an integration strategy for a MELiSSA Pilot Plant (MPP) has been defined, describing the different test phases and connections between compartments. The integration steps are due to be started in 2008 and completed with a complete operational loop in 2015. The ultimate objective is to achieve a closed liquid and gas loop fulfiling 100% of oxygen requirements and at least 20% of food requirements for one-man. Although the integration logic could start with the most advanced processes in terms of knowledge and hardware development, this logic needs to be expanded to encompass a high-level simulation policy. This simulation exercise will make it possible to run effective demonstrations of each independent process, followed by progressive coupling with other processes in operational conditions mirroring as far as possible the final configuration. The theoretical approach described in this paper is based on mass balance models of each MELiSSA compartment which are used to simulate each integration step and the complete MPP loop itself. These simulations will help identify criticalities in each integration step and check consistency between objectives, flows, recycling efficiencies and sizing of the pilot reactors. An MPP scenario compatible with current knowledge on the operation of the pilot reactors was investigated, and the theoretical performances of the system were compared against the objectives assigned to the MPP. This scenario makes it possible to highlight the most important integration milestones and simulate their behaviour.
GAP43 identifies developing muscle cells in human embryos (1993)

GAP43 has long been regarded as a neurone specific molecule present intraneuronally in both the central and peripheral nervous system, especially during development and regeneration. GAP43 has, however, recently been demonstrated in developing muscle cells of the chicken. In the prsent investigation, we have used immunohistochemistry to investigate whether GAP43 is also expressed in developing human muscle cell. Using specific monoclonal antibodies as markers for developing muscle cells (desmin) and axon terminals (synaptophysin), our results show that GAP43 is expressed in aneural, human embryonic muscle cells.
A New Flying Optical Head (1989)

A new flying optical head was developed for attaining the high speed accessing. The weight of the moving part of the flying optical head is reduced to less than 10 gr by using the flying slider. The variation of distance between an objective lens and a disk is largely reduced by floating the objective lens on the disk surface. The autofocusing is done by axially moving one of the relay lenses, which is mounted on the fixed part of the head. The moving part is carried by a linear motor to do track-following as well as track-seeking. The mechanical resonant frequency for the linear motor is as high as more than 5 kHz, and it can sufficiently follow disk tracks under the condition of the radial runout of ±45 µm and the rotational speed of 1800 rpm. The new flying optical head is successfully applied for read/write of optical disk data.
Reverberations, Winter 1988 (1988)

Reverberations is a newsletter for the University of North Texas and includes information about the faculty, staff, alumni, and activities of the College of Music.
Robust and transparent watermarking scheme for colour images (2009)

In this study, a robust and transparent watermarking scheme for colour images is proposed. The colour features for the human visual system are utilised to design the colour watermarking scheme. Through the exploitation of the perceptual redundancy of colour images, the proposed watermarking scheme is perceptually tuned to embed and detect the watermark in the perceptually significant sub-bands of luminance and chrominance components of colour images in the wavelet domain. The employment of the uniformity in the uniform colour space and the masking effect mainly due to local variations in luminance magnitude leads to that the perceptual redundancy of colour images can be measured. By using the estimated perceptual redundancy in the form of error visibility thresholds of wavelet coefficients of the colour image, high strength watermarks are invisibly embedded into coefficients of the host colour image for resisting compression and malicious attacks. Simulation results show that the estimation of perceptual redundancy is helpful to the design of the watermarking scheme for colour images. The performance in terms of robustness and transparency of the proposed watermarking scheme is superior to that of the existing scheme.
How do stem cells decide what to do? (1992)

The hematopoietic growth factors are able to influence the types and numbers of mature cells produced upon differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. The ability of growth factors to prevent apoptosis of progenitor cells has led to the suggestion that this is one of their major roles and that their role in differentiation may be enabling rather than inductive.
A supramolecular approach to the selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbate (2004)

Dopamine can be detected selectively in the presence of ascorbate at a gold electrode modified by a beta-cyclodextrin/thioctic acid mixed monolayer.
Study on Production of Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Medical Applications by Pulsed Discharge (2007)

Nitric oxide (NO) is increasingly being used in the medical treatments of high blood pressure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and some illnesses related to the lung. A convenient and safe production and operation system of NO is of interest to the medical circle. In this paper, NO was produced using pulsed discharge between needle-plate electrodes made of different materials in dry air under 1 atm.The effects of varying the distance between electrodes, the pulsed discharge repetition frequency, the flow rate of clean air and the reactor operation time on the concentrations of NO and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and the ratio of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /NO are presented. The method of removing NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is also introduced in detail. The results of the experiment show that on the cure of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /NO versus the distance between electrodes, a minimum ratio of about 7.8% has appeared at the distance of 3.5 mm. The concentrations of NO and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> are increased with increasing the pulsed discharge repetition frequency and decreased with an increase in the air flow rate. The small quantity of toxic NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> could be deoxidized through catalytic process to NO which can be used in treatment. The ratio of NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /NO decreased to a value below 3% when the gas temperature for deoxidization reached 790 K. Concurrently, the stable concentration of NO could be acquired through a pulsed arc discharge in dry air.
Selective Inhibition of Ii-dependent Antigen Presentation by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Toxin VacA (1998)

A major virulence factor in the stomach chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori is a protein toxin (VacA), which alters cell membrane trafficking of late endosomal/prelysosomal compartments. Its role in the chronic infection established by H. pylori is unknown. To test the possibility that VacA alters antigen processing taking place in prelysosomal compartments, we have used the well-established model of antigen processing and presentation consisting of tetanus toxoid-specific human (CD4(+)) T cells stimulated by autologous antigen-pulsed Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells. We found that VacA interferes with proteolytic processing of tetanus toxin and toxoid and specifically inhibits the Ii-dependent pathway of antigen presentation mediated by newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, while leaving unaffected the presentation pathway dependent on recycling MHC class II. The results presented here suggest that VacA may contribute to the persistence of H. pylori by interfering with protective immunity and that this toxin is a new useful tool in the study of the different pathways of antigen presentation.
Analogs of platelet activating factor. 5. Multiple oxygen substitution of the alkoxy chain (1986)

Racemic analogues of platelet activating factor (PAF) in which the alkoxy chain (R = -O(CH2)15CH3) has been replaced with a chain containing multiple ether linkages near the end (17, R = -O(CH2)8O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OCH3) or at the beginning (18, R = -O(CH2)2O(CH2)2O(CH2)9CH3) of the chain have been prepared. Both compounds exhibit reduced hypotensive and platelet aggregation responses compared to racemic C16-PAF (1a). This reduction in the biological activities is more apparent when the new oxygen atoms are located near the end of the chain. This substitution of additional oxygen atoms into the alkoxy chain does not result in any dramatic gains in selectivity of the biological responses.
Effect of Rhamnolipid (Biosurfactant) Structure on Solubilization and Biodegradation of n-Alkanes (1995)

A study to quantify the effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant structure on the degradation of alkanes by a variety of Pseudomonas isolates was conducted. Two dirhamnolipids were studied, a methyl ester form (dR-Me) and an acid form (dR-A). These rhamnolipids have different properties with respect to interfacial tension, solubility, and charge. For example, the interfacial tension between hexadecane and water was decreased to <0.1 dyne/cm by the dR-Me but was only decreased to 5 dyne/cm by the dR-A. Solubilization and biodegradation of two alkanes in different physical states, liquid and solid, were determined at dirhamnolipid concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mM (7 to 70 mg/liter). The dR-Me markedly enhanced hexadecane (liquid) and octadecane (solid) degradation by seven different Pseudomonas strains. For an eighth strain tested, which exhibited extremely high cell surface hydrophobicity, hexadecane degradation was enhanced but octadecane degradation was inhibited. The dR-A also enhanced hexadecane degradation by all degraders but did so more modestly than the dR-Me. For octadecane, the dR-A only enhanced degradation by strains with low cell surface hydrophobicity.
Altered Ionic Selectivity of the Sodium Channel Revealed by Cysteine Mutations within the Pore (1997)

To explore the role of pore-lining amino acids in Na+ channel ion-selectivity, pore residues were replaced serially with cysteine in cloned rat skeletal muscle Na+ channels. Ionic selectivity was determined by measuring permeability and ionic current ratios of whole-cell currents in Xenopus oocytes. The rSkM1 channels displayed an ionic selectivity sequence Na+ > Li+ > NH4+ > > Cs+ and were impermeable to divalent cations. Replacement of residues in domain IV showed significantly enhanced current and permeability ratios of NH4+ and K+, and negative shifts in the reversal potentials recorded in the presence of external Na+ solutions when compared to cysteine mutants in domains I, II, and III (except K1237C). Mutants in domain IV showed altered selectivity sequences: W1531C (NH4+ > K+ > Na+ > or = Li+ approximately Cs+), D1532C, and G1533C (Na+ > Li+ > or = NH4+ > K+ > Cs+). Conservative replacement of the aromatic residue in domain IV (W1531) with phenylalanine or tyrosine retained Na+ selectivity of the channel while the alanine mutant (W1531A) reduced ion selectivity. A single mutation within the third pore forming region (K1237C) dramatically altered the selectivity sequence of the rSkM1 channel (NH4+ > K+ > Na+ > or = Li+ approximately Cs+) and was permeable to divalent cations having the selectivity sequence Ca2+ > or = Sr2+ > Mg2+ > Ba2+. Sulfhydryl modification of K1237C, W1531C or D1532C with methanethiosulfonate derivatives that introduce a positively charged ammonium group, large trimethylammonium moiety, or a negatively charged sulfonate group within the pore was ineffective in restoring Na+ selectivity to these channels. Selectivity of D1532C mutants could be largely restored by increasing extracellular pH suggesting altering the ionized state at this position influences selectivity. These data suggest that K1237 in domain III and W1531, D1532, and G1533 in domain IV play a critical role in determining the ionic selectivity of the Na+ channel.
Capacity-Fading Behavior Analysis for Early Detection of Unhealthy Li-Ion Batteries (2020)

Reliability testing on lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is critical to designing operational back-end strategies for developing portable electronics. In this article, we develop a capacity-fading behavior analysis for the early detection of unhealthy Li-ion batteries during reliability tests by comparing against the capacity-fading behaviors of healthy batteries from qualification. The developed approach uses a local outlier factor for measuring the anomaly scores of the capacity-fading behaviors of test batteries at a certain cycle, kernel density estimation for normalizing the range of anomaly scores over cycles, and a hidden Markov model for estimating the probability that the test batteries are at a certain state (i.e., healthy or unhealthy). Experimental results on Li-ion batteries used for portable consumer electronics confirm that the developed method outperforms previous approaches, reducing the required number of reliability tests for unhealthy batteries to 100 cycles, less than a month in practice.
Modeling and Simulation of the Swelling Behavior of pH-Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels (2004)

The modulation of the swelling ability of the hydrogel matrix by pH-stimulus enables the dynamic control of the swelling forces, thereby obtaining effective diffusivity and permeability of the solutes, or mechanical energy from the hydrogel. In this work, a chemo-electro-mechanical model describing hydrogel behavior, based on multi-field effects, is developed to simulate the swelling and shrinking of these fascinating bio-materials, and it is termed the multi-effect-coupling pH-stimulus (MECpH) model. This model accounts for the ionic fluxes within both the hydrogel and solution, the coupling between the electric field, ionic fluxes, and mechanical deformations of the hydrogel. The main contribution of this model is to incorporate the relationship between the concentrations of the ionized fixed-charge groups and the diffusive hydrogen ion, which follows a Langmuir isotherm, into the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system. To validate this MECpH model, one-dimensional steady-state simulations under varying pH solution are carried out via a meshless Hermite-Cloud methodology, and the numerical results are compared with available experimental data. It is shown that the presently developed MECpH model is accurate, efficient, and numerically stable.
Structure of peer-to-peer social networks (2006)

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the structure of peer-to-peer (P2P) social networks that captures social associations of distributed peers in resource sharing. Peer social networks appear to be mainly composed of pure resource providers that guarantee high resource availability and reliability of P2P systems. The major peers that both provide and request resources are only a small fraction. The connectivity between peers, including undirected, directed (out and in) and weighted connections, is scale-free and the social networks of all peers and major peers are small world networks. The analysis also confirms that peer social networks show in general disassortative correlations, except that active providers are connected between each other and by active requesters. The study presented in this paper gives a better understanding of peer relationships in resource sharing, which may help a better design of future P2P networks and open the path to the study of transport processes on top of real P2P topologies.
Complexity-Based Measures Inform Effects of Tai Chi Training on Standing Postural Control: Cross-Sectional and Randomized Trial Studies (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01340365.
Search for insect development inhibitors in plants. II. Tridec-1-ene-3,5,7,9,11-pentayne, an ovicidal substance from Xanthium canadense. (1977)

Recently, the screening for insect development in hibitory activity of methanol extracts of higher plants by our novel "Drosophila test" led to the discovery of an ovicidal substance, cis-DME from Solidago altissima L.'1 The screening test revealed that the methanol extracts of roots of Xanthium canadense Mill. also inhi bit hatching of the fly eggs. It was expected that the roots of X. canadense also contain polyacetylenic compounds with an ovicidal activity similar to that of cis-dehydromatricaria ester (DME), because both