gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in Insulin Suppression of Free Fatty Acid Levels by Gender and Glucose Tolerance Status (1997)

Most discussions of relations of insulin resistance to coronary heart disease risk factors have focused on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, but insulin suppression of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels is also important in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. To identify groups with impaired insulin suppression of FFAs, we studied a multiethnic cohort of 1521 women and men at four US centers that comprise the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS): 682 with normal glucose tolerance, 352 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 487 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The FFA level 2 hours after a 75-gm oral glucose load adjusted for fasting FFAs was used as the measure of insulin suppression. After adjustment for age, center, ethnicity, body mass index, and fasting and 2-hour insulin levels, 2-hour FFA levels were significantly higher in men than women and in persons with impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus versus normal glucose tolerance. The gender difference was largely accounted for by differences in central obesity as measured by waist-hip ratio; the difference by glucose tolerance status was not affected by central obesity, suggesting a different mechanism. In multivariate regression analyses, 2-hour FFA levels were strongly related to fasting triglyceride and apoB levels, respectively, after adjustment for age, fasting and 2-hour insulin concentrations, and fasting FFA concentrations. In summary, elevated plasma apoB and triglyceride concentrations associated with male gender and with glucose intolerance are partly accounted for by differences in the ability of insulin to suppress FFA concentrations.
Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) attenuates temozolomide resistance in malignant glioma via the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) pathways (2013)

Our study identified a novel target together with its functional pathway in the development of TMZ resistance. P4HB inhibition may be used alone or in combination with TMZ for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM.
Use of adaptive control with feedback to individualize suramin dosing. (1992)

Suramin is the first putative growth factor inhibitor in clinical trial that has demonstrated antitumor activity. Administration of suramin is complicated by a narrow therapeutic index and significant interpatient variability of measured pharmacokinetic parameters. Because both antitumor response and dose-limiting toxicities are related to plasma suramin concentration profiles, individualized dose schedules are required for optimal administration of the compound. In this report, the use of optimal sampling theory to derive sparse data monitoring and control strategies for use with suramin is described. A fixed rate continuous infusion schedule was used in seven patients, and the time to peak concentration (280-300 micrograms/ml) ranged from 7.7-21 days (mean, 13.2 days) with a decline to 150 micrograms/ml in 3-22 days (mean, 11 days). An initial population pharmacokinetic model was fit using a maximum likelihood algorithm. The mean volume of the central compartment was 4.5 +/- 6.7 liters/m2, volume of the peripheral compartment 10.6 +/- 1.4 liters/m2, distributional half-life 25 +/- 5.4 h, and elimination half-life 29.7 +/- 6.9 h. The terminal half-life was shorter than previously reported. These parameters were used as the initial population model for an iterative 2-stage analysis. The resulting distributional half-life of 22.3 +/- 2.7 h and elimination half-life of 28.2 +/- 5.0 h were similar, reflecting the intensive sampling. The iterative 2-stage analysis model was then used to determine the optimal sampling times and to simulate 20 data sets for a protocol designed to maintain plasma concentrations in a defined concentration range. This strategy is currently under investigation in phase I clinical trials.
The interaction between sulphur antioxidants and iron in mineral oils (1986)

Mechanisms of antioxidant action of zinc dialkvldithio­ phosphate (ZnDRP) and several structurally related compounds( (basic zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (b-ZnDRP), dialkylthio­ phosphoryl disulphide (DRDS), dialkyldithiophosphoric acid (DRDPA), dialkylthiophosphoric acid (DRTPA) ) were studied in both the presence and absence of a soluble iron catalyst (iron (III) stearate (FeST) ). Oxygen absorption studies in two hydrocarbon substrates, white mineral oil and decalin, show that each of the above thiophosphoryl compounds is an effective inhibitor of oxidation at 130°C in the absence of FeST. In the presence of FeST, however, their effectiveness is severely reduced and a higher concentration of antioxidant is required to provide stabilisation against oxidation. The initial presence of hydroperoxide is shohl1 to have a marked effect on the antioxidant activity of each of the above thiophosphoryl compounds in both the presence and absence of FeST. All the above compounds are shown to be capable of decomposing cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in both the presence and absence of FeST at 110°C. The long term stabilisation against hydrocarbon oxidation provided by the above thio­ phosphoryl compounds in the presence of added CHP may be attributed to ionic hydroperoxide decomposition, promoted by sulphur containing acids formed as a result of the oxidation of the parent additive molecule by CHP. Although reaction with FeST may lead to the removal of some of the sulphur acids, hydroperoxide decomposition is shown to still be occurring in the presence of soluble iron. Of the above thiophosphoryl compounds, only DRDPA gives iron (III) dialkyldithiophosphate (FeDRP) on reaction with FeST. In the absence of CHP, FeDRP was shown to be an inhibitor of hydrocarbon oxidation. In the presence of CHP, however, FeDRP becomes inactive due to free radical decomposition of the hydroperoxide by the iron complex. FeDRP is shown to be an effective hydroperoxide decomposer even when present in small amounts, the mechanism of decomposition depending on the initial CHP:FeDRP ratio. The initial homolytic decomposition of hydroperoxide is caused by the FeDRP itself, but the subsequent ionic reactions are associated with the oxidation product(s) of the iron complex.
Chalcogenoalkynes: Precursors for the Regioselective Preparation of 2‐Chalcogeno‐1‐halonaphthalenes through [4+2] Cycloaddition (2012)

Abstract Chalcogenoalkynes and o ‐alkynylbenzaldehydes reacted in the presence of copper(II) salt to give the [4+2] cycloadducts 2‐chalcogeno‐1‐halonaphthalenes in good yields (46–89 %) and high regioselectivities. The methodology was carried out by using CuCl 2 or CuCl 2 /LiBr in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) at 80 °C. The potential and generality of this system was evaluated by using a variety of chalcogenoalkynes including aromatic, substituted aromatic, and aliphatic substrates having both sulfur and selenium atoms. In this sequence, due to the ability of the chalcogen atoms to stabilize charges, these substituents exert regiocontrol that guides the selectivity.
A fast scheme for image size change in the compressed domain (2001)

Given a video frame in terms of its 8/spl times/8 block-DCT coefficients, we wish to obtain a downsized or upsized version of this frame also in terms of 8/spl times/8 block-DCT coefficients. The DCT being a linear unitary transform is distributive over matrix multiplication. This fact has been used for downsampling video frames in the DCT domain. However, this involves matrix multiplication with the DCT of the downsampling matrix. This multiplication can be costly enough to trade off any gains obtained by operating directly in the compressed domain. We propose an algorithm for downsampling and also upsampling in the compressed domain which is computationally much faster, produces visually sharper images, and gives significant improvements in PSNR (typically 4-dB better compared to bilinear interpolation). Specifically the downsampling method requires 1.25 multiplications and 1.25 additions per pixel of original image compared to 4.00 multiplications and 4.75 additions required by the method of Chang et al. (1995). Moreover, the downsampling and upsampling schemes combined together preserve all the low-frequency DCT coefficients of the original image. This implies tremendous savings for coding the difference between the original frame (unsampled image) and its prediction (the upsampled image). This is desirable for many applications based on scalable encoding of video. The method presented can also be used with transforms other than DCT, such as Hadamard or Fourier.
THE CONSTITUTION OF METALLIC SUBSTANCES (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONSTITUTION OF METALLIC SUBSTANCESCharles A. KrausCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 6, 1216–1239Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1922https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01427a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01427a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalytic Behaviour of Mesoporous Cobalt-Aluminum Oxides for CO Oxidation (2014)

Ordered mesoporous materials are promising catalyst supports due to their uniform pore size distribution, high specific surface area and pore volume, tunable pore sizes, and long-range ordering of the pore packing. The evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process was applied to synthesize mesoporous mixed oxides, which consist of cobalt ions highly dispersed in an alumina matrix. The characterization of the mesoporous mixed cobalt-aluminum oxides with cobalt loadings in the range from 5 to 15 wt% and calcination temperatures of 673, 973, and 1073 K indicates that Co 2+ is homogeneously distributed in the mesoporous alumina matrix. As a function of the Co loading, different phases are present comprising poorly crystalline alumina and mixed cobalt aluminum oxides of the spinel type. The mixed cobalt-aluminum oxides were applied as catalysts in CO oxidation and turned out to be highly active.
Topology; a first course (1974)

Topology: a first course , Topology: a first course , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Mcl-1 Ubiquitination and Destruction (2011)

Loss of the Fbw7 tumor suppressor is common in diverse human cancer types, including T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL), although the mechanistic basis of its anti-oncogenic activity remains largely unclear. We recently reported that SCFFbw7 regulates cellular apoptosis by controlling the ubiquitination and destruction of the pro-survival protein, Mcl-1, in a GSK3 phosphorylation-dependent manner. We found that human T-ALL cell lines displayed a close relationship between Fbw7 loss and Mcl-1 overexpression. More interestingly, T-ALL cell lines that are deficient in Fbw7 are particularly sensitive to sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor that has been demonstrated to reduce Mcl-1 expression through an unknown mechanism. On the other hand, Fbw7-deficient T-ALL cell lines are much more resistant to the Bcl-2 antagonist, ABT-737. Furthermore, reconstitution of Fbw7 or depletion of Mcl-1 in Fbw7-deficient cells restores ABT-737 sensitivity, suggesting that elevated Mcl-1 expression is important for Fbw7-deficient cells to evade apoptosis. Therefore, our work provides a novel molecular mechanism for the tumor suppression function of Fbw7. Furthermore, it provides the rationale for targeted usage of Mcl-1 antagonists to treat Fbw7-deficient T-ALL patients.
Improving the video shot boundary detection using the HSV color space and image subsampling (2015)

High speed video analysis often requires efficient shot boundary detection to break a video into meaningful continuous segments. In this paper we propose new techniques to improve the efficiency in terms of both processing speed and detection accuracy upon the state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, we use the HSV color space in stead of the traditional RGB color space. This turns out to produce more robust detection results. In addition, each image frame is subsampled based on which a frame distance is defined. It turns out that such processing significantly lowers the computational complexity while yielding the same level of detection accuracy. Simulation results confirm the advantages of the proposed techniques over the state-of-the-art methods.
In Vitro and In Vivo Release of Naltrexone from Biodegradable Depot Systems (2006)

The aim of this study was to prepare poly(d, l-lactide) (PLA) microspheres containing naltrexone (NTX) by a solvent evaporation method, and to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo release characteristics and histopathological findings of tissue surrounding an implant formulation in rats. This method enabled the preparation of microspheres of regular shape and relatively narrow particle size distribution. The in vitro release profiles of NTX from PLA microspheres showed the release of NTX did not follow zero-order kinetics. An initial burst release was observed, subsequently followed by a nearly constant rate of 0.4% per day after ten days. The cumulative amount of NTX released at the end of 60 days was 80%. Compressed microspheres showed near zero-order sustained release of NTX for 360 days. The plasma NTX levels in rats showed that for compressed microspheres NTX concentrations were constant and exceeded 2 ng/mL for 28 days. Throughout the 28 days of study, the implantations cause a minor inflammatory response, which can be regarded as a normal defence mechanism. The sustained release performance of NTX from the biodegradable depot systems may provide a reliable, convenient, and safe mechanism for the administration of NTX for the long-term treatment of opioid dependence.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐(Acetylamino)cinnamic Acid with a Novel Rhodium Complex; the Design of an Optimal Ligand (1984)

A novel, chiral bisphosphane ligand with variable N-substituents is contained in the Rh complex 1. 1 (BF4 salt) catalyzes the hydrogenation of α-(acetylamino)cinnamic acid, even at high H2-pressure and with large amounts of substrate, in up to 99% ee. 1 is also highly propitious when bonded to carriers.
Fabrication of a flexible neural interface device with CMOS-based smart electrodes (2011)

A novel flexible neural interface device was proposed, designed and fabricated. The device realizes electrical stimulation and measurement of neural tissues using an array of smart electrodes. The smart electrode has intelligence by dedicated CMOS microchip. Thanks to the smart electrodes high functions of the array with large number of electrodes are obtained only with 4 wiring connected to external equipments. Moreover, the device has enough flexibility for low invasion to the living body tissues. As one of in vivo evaluations, retinal stimulation was performed with the device using an experimental animal. Stimulus function of the device implanted into the living body was demonstrated successfully, responses caused by the stimulation were observed.
Resonance magnetoelectric effects in layered magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites (2003)

Magnetoelectric interactions in bilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases are mediated by mechanical deformation. This work is concerned with the theory and companion data for magnetoelectric (ME) coupling at electromechanical resonance (EMR) in the layered samples. Estimated ME voltage coefficient versus frequency profiles for nickel, cobalt, or lithium ferrite and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) predict a giant ME effect at EMR with the highest coupling expected for cobalt ferrite-PZT. There is excellent agreement between the theory and data for layered nickel ferrite-PZT; the ME voltage coefficient at resonance increases by a factor of 40 compared to low frequency values. Similar measurements on layered ferromagnetic alloy-PZT and bulk ferrite-PZT reveal even a stronger EMR assisted enhancement in ME coupling.
Chlorotoxin-Conjugated Multifunctional Dendrimers Labeled with Radionuclide <sup>131</sup>I for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging and Radiotherapy of Gliomas (2015)

Chlorotoxin-conjugated multifunctional dendrimers labeled with radionuclide 131I were synthesized and utilized for targeted single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and radiotherapy of cancer. In this study, generation five amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were used as a platform to be sequentially conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), targeting agent chlorotoxin (CTX), and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-OSu (HPAO). This was followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines and radiolabeling with 131I to form the targeted theranostic dendrimeric nanoplatform. We show that the dendrimer platform possessing approximately 7.7 CTX and 21.1 HPAO moieties on each dendrimer displays excellent cytocompatibility in a given concentration range (0-20 μM) and can specifically target cancer cells overexpressing matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) due to the attached CTX. With the attached HPAO moiety having the phenol group, the dendrimer platform can be effectively labeled with radioactive 131I with good stability and high radiochemical purity. Importantly, the 131I labeling renders the dendrimer platform with an ability to be used for targeted SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of an MMP2-overexpressing glioma model in vivo. The developed radiolabeled multifunctional dendrimeric nanoplatform may hold great promise to be used for targeted theranostics of human gliomas.
Free-Water Imaging in White and Gray Matter in Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

This study aimed to discriminate between neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration in the white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using free-water (FW) imaging. Analysis using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of 20 patients with PD and 20 healthy individuals revealed changes in FW imaging indices (i.e., reduced FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA<sub>T</sub>), increased FW-corrected mean, axial, and radial diffusivities (MD<sub>T</sub>, AD<sub>T</sub>, and RD<sub>T</sub>, respectively) and fractional volume of FW (FW) in somewhat more specific WM areas compared with the changes of DTI indices. The region-of-interest (ROI) analysis further supported these findings, whereby those with PD showed significantly lower FA<sub>T</sub> and higher MD<sub>T</sub>, AD<sub>T</sub>, and RD<sub>T</sub> (indices of neuronal degeneration) in anterior WM areas as well as higher FW (index of neuroinflammation) in posterior WM areas compared with the controls. Results of GM-based spatial statistics (GBSS) analysis revealed that patients with PD had significantly higher MD<sub>T</sub>, AD<sub>T</sub>, and FW than the controls, whereas ROI analysis showed significantly increased MD<sub>T</sub> and FW and a trend toward increased AD<sub>T</sub> in GM areas, corresponding to Braak stage IV. These findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation precedes neuronal degeneration in PD, whereas WM microstructural alterations precede changes in GM.
Reservoir Engineer and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Data Analysis (2001)

Abstract Different knowledge areas on the petroleum industry require to solve problems related with data transformation processes needed to generate information and knowledge. This paper describes data analysis steps using Artificial Intelligent techniques which include the problem exploration, space analysis, surveying data source, data preparation and building the appropriate data mining model. Predictive and inferential models are illustrated by applications implemented using Unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks and a Fuzzy Rule Diagnosis System. (1) The first application is able to identify well zones potentially producing hydrocarbons in Colombian PETROLEA field. This reservoir is mainly a fractured and calcareous formation. The knowledge predictive model uses Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization (FLVQ) built from historical production tests data and spontaneous potential, short and long resistivity well logs used for training, testing and validating the model. The final Bravais & Pearson correlation factor obtained is 0.95. (2) Finally a Fuzzy Rule Diagnosis System is applied to enhanced oil recovery screening comparing technical information from reservoir, well and oil properties. The model uses heuristic and lab results for knowledge base implementation adapted to Colombian oil fields.
<i>In vivo</i> magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of humans with a 4 t whole‐body magnet (1990)

A research-type 4 T whole-body magnet, built by Siemens AG, Erlangen, FRG, was used to investigate magnetic resonance at high field strengths. Designs for head and body coils operating at 170 MHz are described. Proton images of the human head and body are degraded by dielectric resonances and penetration effects. The nature of the dielectric resonances was demonstrated in phantoms containing distilled and saline doped water. Radiation damping at 170 MHz generates secondary echoes after a spin echo sequence. This effect was observed in phantoms and with reduced amplitude in the human head. Hydrogen spectra of the human head were selected utilizing stimulated and spin echoes. The latter technique allows the volume size to be reduced to 1 cm3. Examples of brain tumors that have been routinely investigated with volumes of 8 cm3 are given. Natural abundance carbon and phosphorus spectra of muscle and liver demonstrate the expected increase in spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio. Carbon spectra from the liver show the glycogen signal. Fluorine spectroscopy was used to study the time course of the absorption and emptying of a fluorinated antibiotic from the human stomach.
The Effect of Flow From Perforations on Two-Phase Flow: Implications for Production Logging (1988)

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of a dense phase (water) entering through perforations into a stream of a less dense phase (gas or oil) has been examined in a model wellbore. When water entered a gas stream, some of the water fell through the gas stream to occupy a portion of the wellbore below the perforations for all conditions tested and anomalous pressure behavior was observed in the region of the perforations. In the oil-water tests, all of the water was swept upwards by the oil only at the highest oil flow rate (5000 b/d) and lowest water flow rate (50 b/d) with the pipe vertical. The deleterious effect of dense phase fallback on production log interpretation is demonstrated.