gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Reelin-Induced Enhancement of NMDA and AMPA Receptor Activity in the Adult Hippocampus (2006)

The developmental lamination of the hippocampus and other cortical structures requires a signaling cascade initiated by reelin and its receptors, apoER2 (apolipoprotein E receptor 2) and VLDLR (very-low-density lipoprotein receptor). However, the functional significance of continued reelin expression in the postnatal brain remains poorly understood. Here, we show that reelin application to adult mice hippocampal slices leads to enhanced glutamatergic transmission mediated by NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and AMPA receptors (AMPARs) through distinct mechanisms. Application of recombinant reelin enhanced NMDAR-mediated currents through postsynaptic mechanisms, as revealed by the variance-mean analysis of synaptic NMDAR currents, assessment of spontaneous miniature events, and the levels of NMDAR subunits at synaptic surface. In comparison, nonstationary fluctuation analysis of miniature AMPAR currents and quantification of synaptic surface proteins revealed that reelin-induced enhancement of AMPAR responses was mediated by increased AMPAR numbers. Reelin enhancement of synaptic NMDAR currents was abolished when receptor-associated protein (RAP) or the Src inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine (PP1) was bath applied and was abrogated by including PP1 in the recording electrodes. In comparison, including RAP or an inactive PP1 analog PP3 in the recording electrode was without effect. Interestingly, the increased AMPAR response after reelin application was not blocked by PP1 but was blocked by the phosphoinositide-3' kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride]. Furthermore, reelin-induced, PI3K-dependent AMPAR surface insertion was also observed in cultured hippocampal neurons. Together, these results reveal a differential functional coupling of reelin signaling with NMDAR and AMPAR function and define a novel mechanism for controlling synaptic strength and plasticity in the adult hippocampus.
COMPARISON OF POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION METHODS FOR RELIABLE AND EASY DETECTION OF CONGENITAL TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI INFECTION (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a potentially interesting diagnostic tool for detecting congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection at birth. We have compared the sensitivity and capacity of a group of T. cruzi PCR primers in detecting the complete spectrum of known T. cruzi lineages, and to improve and simplify the detection of infection in neonatal blood. We found that the two primers, Tcz1/Tcz2 and Diaz1/Diaz2, which target the 195-basepair satellite repeat, detected all parasitic lineages with the same sensitivity. However, the intensity of the amplicon was somewhat higher with Tcz1/Tcz2. For other tested primers (nuclear DNA primers BP1/BP2, O1/O2, Pon1/Pon2, and Tca1/Tca2 and kinetoplast DNA primers S35'/S36' and 121/122), either the intensity of amplicons varied according to T. cruzi lineages or the PCR assay was less sensitive. The use of the Tcz1/Tcz2 primers, which target a tandem repetitive sequence, requires a careful determination of the appropriate amount of Taq polymerase to avoid the formation of smears and multiple amplicon bands. The Tcz1/Tcz2 primers resulted in an intense 200-basepair amplicon with DNA extracted from blood equivalent to 0.02 parasites per assay when used with a simple DNA extraction method and of a low amount of Taq polymerase from a standard PCR kit. To better assess such PCR protocol, we assayed 311 samples of neonatal blood previously tested by parasitologic methods. The reliability of our PCR test was demonstrated, since all the 18 blood samples from newborns with congenital T. cruzi infection were positive, whereas the remaining samples (30 from control newborns of uninfected mothers and 262 of 263 from babies born to infected mothers) were negative. Since our PCR method is simple, reliable, robust, and inexpensive, it appears suitable for the detection of T. cruzi infection in neonatal blood, even in laboratories that are not equipped for performing the PCR.
Direct adaptive control of nonlinear systems using a dynamic neural network (2002)

In this paper the development and application of a dynamic neural network called the dynamic neural processor (DNP) are discussed. The DNP is developed based on the neuro-physiological evidence that neural activity of any complexity depends upon the interaction of assembly of cells called neural subpopulations. A single subpopulation of neurons is assumed to consist of a number of similar neurons that lie in close proximity. For simplicity, live neural subpopulations, namely excitatory and inhibitory, are assumed to exist in a neural population. The DNP consists of two dynamic neurons configured to function as excitatory and inhibitory neurons. A learning algorithm to adapt the weights of the subpopulation and the connecting weights between the subpopulations is developed. The efficacy of the DNP structure is demonstrated for the direct adaptive control of unknown nonlinear systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current theories of centering for pronoun interpretation: a critical evaluation (1997)

SRI International We review the fundamental concepts of centering theory and discuss some facets of the pronoun interpretation problem that motivate a centering-style analysis. We then demonstrate some problems with a popular centering-based approach with respect to these motivations. 1.
Accurate scatter compensation using neural networks in radionuclide imaging (1993)

A method to estimate primary photons using an artifical neural network in radionuclide imaging is presented. The neural network for /sup 99m/Tc has three layers, i.e., one input layer with five units, one hidden layer with five units, and one output layer with two units. As input values to the input units, count ratios are used. They are the ratios of the counts acquired by narrow windows to the total count acquired by a broad window with the energy range from 125 to 154 keV. The outputs are a scatter count ratio and a primary count ratio. Using the primary count ratio and the total count, the primary count of the pixel is calculated directly. The neural network is trained with a backpropagation algorithm using calculated true energy spectra obtained by a Monte Carlo method. The simulation shows that an accurate estimation of primary photons is accomplished within an error ratio of 5% for primary photons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibodies to Posttranslationally Modified Type II Collagen as Potential Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2013)

Autoantibodies to ROS-CII have the potential to become diagnostic biomarkers of RA.
Purification of severe acute respiratory syndrome hyperimmune globulins for intravenous injection from convalescent plasma (2005)

IV-injectable, purified, and concentrated human SARS hyperimmune globulins were prepared from pooled convalescent plasma samples, which are ready to be further evaluated.
Exploring tourists' experience at private social dining: Dimensionality and satisfaction (2020)

Abstract Private social dining is a new form of service emerging in culinary tourism. Although its popularity has been increasing worldwide, studies on private social dining, especially its influence on tourism, are limited. The present work aims to explore tourists' experiences using private social dining as a context by constructing the dimensions for tourist experience. A qualitative research method is utilized to analyze reviews from top service providers in three popular destinations. Results confirm seven dimensions of the three types of experience existing in tourists' private social dining experiences, which affect tourist satisfaction. These results lay the foundation for future studies.
Corrigendum to: New methods for interpretation of magnetic vector and gradient tensor data I: eigenvector analysis and the normalised source strength (2014)

Acquisition of magnetic gradient tensor data is likely to become routine in the near future. New methods for inverting gradient tensor surveys to obtain source parameters have been developed for several elementary, but useful, models. These include point dipole (sphere), vertical line of dipoles (narrow vertical pipe), line of dipoles (horizontal cylinder), thin dipping sheet, and contact models. A key simplification is the use of eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of the tensor. The normalised source strength (NSS), calculated from the eigenvalues, is a particularly useful rotational invariant that peaks directly over 3D compact sources, 2D compact sources, thin sheets and contacts, and is independent of magnetisation direction. In combination the NSS and its vector gradient determine source locations uniquely. NSS analysis can be extended to other useful models, such as vertical pipes, by calculating eigenvalues of the vertical derivative of the gradient tensor. Inversion based on the vector gradient of the NSS over the Tallawang magnetite deposit obtained good agreement between the inferred geometry of the tabular magnetite skarn body and drill hole intersections. Besides the geological applications, the algorithms for the dipole model are readily applicable to the detection, location and characterisation (DLC) of magnetic objects, such as naval mines, unexploded ordnance, shipwrecks, archaeological artefacts, and buried drums.
Communicating in the Workplace (1997)

No AccessPerspectives on Augmentative and Alternative CommunicationArticle1 Mar 1997Communicating in the Workplace Walter Green Walter Green New York City Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/aac6.1.10 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "Communicating in the Workplace." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 6(1), pp. 10–11 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 6Issue 1March 1997Pages: 10-11 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 1997 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 1997 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Mechanism of Effect of Thoracic Inferior Vena Cava Constriction on Renal Water Excretion (1974)

Persistent secretion of vasopressin and/ or diminished distal fluid delivery have been proposed to explain the impaired water excretion associated with low-output cardiac failure. In the present investigation cardiac output (CO) was diminished in anesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis by constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava (TIVC). In intact animals (group I) acute TIVC constriction decreased CO from 3.5 to 2.2 liters/min (P < 0.005) as urinary osmolality (U(osm)) increased from 103 to 543 mosmols/ kg (P < 0.001) and free water clearance (C(H2o)) decreased from 2.1 to -0.6 ml/min (P < 0.001). This antidiuretic effect was disassociated from changes in renal arterial and venous pressures, glomerular filtration rate, solute excretion, and renal innervation. To examine the role of vasopressin in this antidiuresis, studies (group II) were performed in acutely hypophysectomized, steroid-replaced animals. In these animals TIVC constriction decreased CO to a similar degree from 3.4 to 2.1 liters/min (P < 0.001). However, the effects on U(osm) (87-104 mosmols/kg) and C(H2o) (2.1-1.6 ml/min) were significantly less than in intact dogs. In another group of hypophysectomized animals, (group III) renal arterial and venous pressures were not controlled, and the effect of TIVC constriction on U(osm) was not significant (65-79 mosmols/kg) although C(H2o) decreased from 3.3 to 1.9 ml/min (P < 0.001). In both the group II and III studies, there were linear correlations between the changes in C(H2o) and the urine flow. Studies were also performed in baroreceptor-denervated animals with intact hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tracts, and acute TIVC constriction altered neither U(osm) nor C(H2o) when renal arterial pressure was controlled. These results therefore indicate that the effect of TIVC constriction on U(osm) is primarily vasopressin mediated while the effect on C(H2o) is mediated both by vasopressin release and diminished distal fluid delivery. A decrease in renal arterial pressure, or some consequence thereof, seems to be an important determinant of the latter effect.
Indirect current feedback instrumentation amplifier with a common-mode input range that includes the negative roll (1993)

An instrumentation amplifier which can handle common-mode voltages that extend 200 mV below the negative supply is presented. The extended range is combined with a common-mode rejection of 92 dB and an accuracy of 0.1%, without the need for on-chip trimming. This has been achieved by the use of two p-n-p V-to-f converters in an indirect current feedback configuration. The output voltage can reach the negative supply. The offset voltage is 0.3 mV, and the noise voltage is 30 nV/ square root Hz. The circuit operates at supply voltages down to 2.5 V, and the quiescent current is 240 mu A. The instrumentation amplifier has been integrated in a semicustom bipolar process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enlarging neural class detection capacity in passive sonar systems (2003)

A neural discriminating analysis is used for classifying passive sonar signals. Preprocessed information from the amplitude spectra of the noise radiated from ships is projected onto only a few principal discriminating components for feeding the input nodes of the neural classifier. Envisaging practical applications, in which new incoming classes not known by the time of the training phase have to be detected in the production phase, a method is provided using the identification of outliers to trigger the arriving of a new class. Using experimental data, it is shown that up to 85% of patterns from an untrained class can be identified, without significant decrease on the efficiency of the classifier for classes known beforehand.
Mutation Rates, Spectra and Hotspots in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Caenorhabditis elegansSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY863110, AY863111, AY863112, AY863113, AY863114, AY863115, AY863116, AY863117, AY863118, AY863119, AY863120, AY863121, AY863122, AY863123, AY863124, AY863125, AY863126, AY863127, AY863128, AY863129, AY863130, AY863131, AY863132, AY863133, AY863134, AY863135, AY863136, AY863137, AY863138, AY863139, AY863140, AY863141, AY863142, AY863143. (2005)

Although it is clear that postreplicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability in nearly all forms of life surveyed, much remains to be understood about the genome-wide impact of MMR on spontaneous mutation processes and the extent to which MMR-deficient mutation patterns vary among species. We analyzed spontaneous mutation processes across multiple genomic regions using two sets of mismatch repair-deficient (msh-2 and msh-6) Caenorhabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA) lines and compared our observations to mutation spectra in a set of wild-type (WT), repair-proficient C. elegans MA lines. Across most sequences surveyed in the MMR-deficient MA lines, mutation rates were approximately 100-fold higher than rates in the WT MA lines, although homopolymeric nucleotide-run (HP) loci composed of A:T base pairs mutated at an approximately 500-fold greater rate. In contrast to yeast and humans where mutation spectra vary substantially with respect to different specific MMR-deficient genotypes, mutation rates and patterns were overall highly similar between the msh-2 and msh-6 C. elegans MA lines. This, along with the apparent absence of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH3 ortholog in the C. elegans genome, suggests that C. elegans MMR surveillance is carried out by a single Msh-2/Msh-6 heterodimer.
June 11, 1868 (1868)

a very fine and perfect skin of the &4ustralian Cassowary ( Casuarius australis), which had been transmitted to him by Mr.
A catalog-browse system with quick-look images for SPOT, ERS and RADARSAT data archives (2002)

To allow for easy access to CRISP's data archive of SPOT, ERS and RADARSAT, a WWW catalog browse system has been developed. Besides descriptive (meta) data, quicklook images are also available for viewing. The database for the catalog browse system is updated daily and automatically by the system. The system is implemented with: (1) standard HTML fill-out forms for communication between users' browsers and CRISP's Web server, and (2) Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and 'C' programs for communication between CRISP's Web server and CRISP's database.
Chelation-controlled molecular morphology: aminal to imine rearrangements (2012)

Reactions between the tripodal hydroxytriamine, 2,2-bis(aminomethyl)-3-aminopropan-1-ol, "hytame", and the isomeric pyridine aldehydes generate in all cases the tris(aminal) species based on a 1,3,5-triaza-adamantane skeleton. In all cases also, the product from water under basic conditions consists of an approximately 1:9 mixture of the triequatorial and monoaxial-diequatorial isomers. While all these tripyridyltriaza-adamantanes appear capable of acting as Lewis bases, in particular cases metal ion binding leads to a radical structural rearrangement. These cases involve the pyridine-2-aldehyde derivatives only and certain transition metal ions (notably Fe(II)), and result in the conversion of the tris(aminal) into its isomeric tris(imine) form. This is apparently favoured because it can act as a hexadentate ligand towards a single metal ion, although kinetic influences are clearly important in this chemistry because template reactions of the triamine, pyridine-2-aldehyde and several metal ions give much better yields of the tris(imine) complex than do analogous rearrangement reactions. For the low-spin, kinetically inert Fe(II) complex of the tris(imine), its formation is apparently so favourable that it is generated via aldehyde unit exchange when the aza-adamantanes derived from pyridine-3- and -4-aldehyde are heated with a mixture of Fe(II) and pyridine-2-aldehyde. When the kinetically labile Zn(II) complex is treated with EDTA, the metal ion is extracted but the released ligand does not undergo valence tautomerisation to what would be expected to be the triaxial isomer of the tripyridyltriaza-adamantane but instead rapidly undergoes partial hydrolysis before slowly forming the mixture of triequatorial and monoaxial-diequatorial isomers.
Titanium Complexes Having Chelating Diaryloxo Ligands Bridged by Tellurium and Their Catalytic Behavior in the Polymerization of Ethylene (2000)

A series of titanium complexes having tellurium-bridged chelating bis(aryloxo) ligands, [TiX2{2,2‘-Te(4-R-6-R‘-C6H2O)2}]2 (5b, X = Cl, R = Me, R‘ = tBu; 6a, X = OiPr, R = R‘ = H; 6b, X = OiPr, R = Me, R‘ = tBu), were prepared. 5b and 6b were determined by X-ray crystallography to have chloro- and isopropoxo-bridged dimeric structures. The structural data for these complexes indicated that the Ti−Te coordination bonds were stronger than the similar Ti−S coordination bonds in the corresponding sulfur-bridged complexes. The reaction of (C5R5)TiCl3 (R = H, Me) with 2,2‘-Te(4-R-6-R‘-C6H2OLi)2 gave monocyclopentadienyl derivatives, (C5R5)TiCl{2,2‘-Te(4-Me-6-tBu-C6H2O)2} (7, R = H; 8, R = Me). The monomeric four-legged piano-stool geometry of 8 was revealed by X-ray analysis. Upon addition of methylaluminoxane (MAO), these complexes catalyzed the polymerization of ethylene. The activities of the tellurium-bridged complexes were found to be significantly higher than those of the corresponding methylene-bridged complex.
Sulfate and thiosulfate transport in Escherichia coli K-12: nucleotide sequence and expression of the cysTWAM gene cluster (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of the sulfate and thiosulfate transport gene cluster has been determined and located 3' to the gene (cysP) encoding the thiosulfate-binding protein. Four open reading frames, designated cysT, cysW, cysA, and cysM, have been identified. Similarities in primary structure were observed between (i) the deduced amino acid sequences of CysT and CysW with membrane-bound components of other binding protein-dependent transport systems, (ii) that of the CysA sequence with the "conserved" component of such systems, and (iii) that of the CysM sequence with O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase A (cysK gene product) and the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase (coded by trpB). Expression of the four genes was analyzed in the T7 promoter-polymerase system.
New Strategy for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2003)

[reaction: see text] A general strategy for the formation of 1,3-cis-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines is described from ortho-iodo imines involving Larock isoquinoline synthesis, addition of organolithium compounds to unactivated isoquinolines, and ionic hydrogenation. In addition, a new synthesis of lactams via an unprecedented azide cyclization in the presence of a sulfonium ion is described.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$, N-Diphenylnitrone (1991)

The rate constants of hydrolysis of , N-diphenylnitrone and its derivatives have been determined by UV spectrophotometry from pH 2.0 to 13.5, and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equation, hydrolysis product, and general base and substituent effects, a plausible mechanism of hydrolysis has been proposed: Below pH 5, the hydrolysis was initiated by the protonation and followed by the addition of water to -carbon. However, above pH 11, the hydrolysis was proceeded by the addition of hydroxide ion to -carbon. In the range of pH 5-11, the addition of water to nitrone is rate controlling step.
Genetic Evidence of a Role for Lck in T-Cell Receptor Function Independent or Downstream of ZAP-70/Syk Protein Tyrosine Kinases (1998)

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement results in sequential activation of the Src protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) Lck and Fyn and the Syk PTKs, ZAP-70 and Syk. While the Src PTKs mediate the phosphorylation of TCR-associated signaling subunits and the phosphorylation and activation of the Syk PTKs, the lack of a constitutively active Syk PTK has prohibited the analysis of Lck function downstream of these initiating signaling events. We describe here the generation of an activated Syk family PTK by substituting the kinase domain of Syk for the homologous region in ZAP-70 (designated as KS for kinase swap). Expression of the KS chimera resulted in its autophosphorylation, the phosphorylation of cellular proteins, the upregulation of T-cell activation markers, and the induction of interleukin-2 gene synthesis in a TCR-independent fashion. The KS chimera and downstream ZAP-70 or Syk substrates, such as SLP-76, were still phosphorylated when expressed in Lck-deficient JCaM1.6 T cells. However, expression of the KS chimera in JCaM1.6 cells failed to rescue downstream signaling events, demonstrating a functional role for Lck beyond the activation of the ZAP-70 and Syk PTKs. These results indicate that downstream TCR signaling pathways may be differentially regulated by ZAP-70 and Lck PTKs and provide a mechanism by which effector functions may be selectively activated in response to TCR stimulation.
Failure Modes of InGaAsP/InP Lasers Due to Adhesives (1984)

Sudden failure modes for lnGaAsP/InP lasers were observed during aging. Growth of Sn whiskers, formation of voids between the heat sink and package stem, separation of metallized metal from the diamond heat sink, and reaction of solder material with laser chip were observed. Since they were found to induce sudden failures, the choice of bonding solders and metals for heat sink metallization is very important to obtain highly reliable lasers. A Au-rich Au-Sn alloy was found to be the most stable solder against the sudden failures among Sn, Sn-rich Au-Sn, Pb-Sn, and Au-rich Au-Sn.