gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Solution to the Age Old Problem of Regioselective Functionalization of Guanine:  First Practical Synthesis of Acyclic <i>N</i><sup>9</sup>- and/or <i>N</i><sup>7</sup>-Guanine Nucleosides Starting from <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>9</sup>-Diacetylguanine (1999)

Regioselective alkylation of guanine, a long-lasting challenge, has been overcome by understanding the role of acids as catalyst in the coupling reaction of DAG (10) with OBDDA (11). The acid-catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions of 10 with OBDDA which mainly give N(7) and N(9) isomers, respectively, appear to follow different mechanisms. The practical utility of the noncatalyzed reaction, which gives almost quantitative yields of N(9) derivatives, is demonstrated by synthesizing acylovir/gancyclovir in high yields.
Basic Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers (2011)

This document specifies requirements for an IPv6 Customer Edge (CE) router. Specifically, the current version of this document focuses on the basic provisioning of an IPv6 CE router and the provisioning of IPv6 hosts attached to it.
Inciting the social imagination to realizing the dream: An unfolding story of transformative action in a low-socioeconomic school (2011)

The conference theme – “Inciting the social imagination: Education for the Public Good” – was realised through design-based research that became a catalyst for social change among a disadvantaged school community. The aim of the longitudinal research was to protoype an evidence-based model for whole school digital and print literacy pedagogy renewal among students from low socioeconomic, Indigenous, and migrant backgrounds. Applying Anthony Gidden’s principle of the “duality of structure”, the paper presentation interprets how the collective agency of researchers and the school community began to transform the structural properties of the institution in a two-way dynamism, so that the structural properties of the school were not outside of individual action, but were implicated in its reproduction and transformation.
Evaluation of an ultrabroadband high-gain amplification technique for chirped pulse amplification facilities (1999)

Recently, an amplification technique for ultrashort pulses was explored in detail in a theoretical paper by Ross et al. [Opt. Commun. 144, 125 (1997)]. The technique, based on nonlinear optics, is called optical parametric chirped pulse amplification. It has a number of features that, in principle, make it highly attractive. It primarily offers extremely large gains simultaneously with extremely large bandwidths. Additional attractions are virtually no spatial and temporal phase distortion of the amplified pulse, high efficiencies and a low thermal loading, reduced amplified spontaneous emission levels, small optical material lengths, and an inherent simplicity of implementation. We present an evaluation of the technique as a front end amplifier for the ultrashort pulse amplification chain of the Vulcan laser system. Such a device could replace some of the existing amplification in Nd:glass and additionally have a wider effect as a direct replacement of Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifiers on large-scale chirped pulse amplification scale facilities.
Ultrathin Ta2O5 film growth by chemical vapor deposition of Ta(N(CH3)2)5 and O2 on bare and SiOxNy-passivated Si(100) for gate dielectric applications (1998)

We investigated Ta2O5 films grown by chemical vapor deposition of Ta(N(CH3)2)5 and O2 both bare and SiOxNy-passivated Si(100) using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), and electrical measurements. The SiOxNy-passivated layer was formed by nitric oxide exposure to the Si substrate. Chemical composition of the Ta2O5 films is strongly dependent on the oxygen flow rate during film deposition; lower carbon levels and higher O/Ta ratios are observed for the films grown at higher O2 flow rates. A corresponding leakage current decrease is observed for the films grown at a high O2 flow rate. Compared to Ta2O5 films deposited on bare Si(100), the films deposited on SiOxNy-passivated layers show better electrical properties; with smaller equivalent thickness (Δteq∼6 Å), one order of magnitude lower leakage current was measured. TOF-SIMS data indicate that SiOxNy layers (∼9 Å) incorporate some oxygen during Ta2O5 deposition; however, regions where x=2, y=0 were not detected. Postdeposition annealing of Ta2O5/SiOxNy samples results in displacement of N by O in SiOxNy layers and oxidation of the Si substrate, forming SiO2.
Monitoring Distributed Real-Time Systems: A Survey and Future Directions (2010)

Runtime monitors have been proposed as a means to increase the reliability of safety-critical systems. In particular, this report addresses runtime monitors for distributed hard real-time systems, such as faulttolerant data buses and control systems for avionics and spacecraft are explored. This class of systems has had little attention from the monitoring community. The need for monitors is shown by discussing examples of avionic systems failure. We survey related work in the field of runtime monitoring. Several potential monitoring architectures for distributed real-time systems are presented along with a discussion of
Laboratory Study of Diversion Using Polymer-Based In-Situ-Gelled Acids (2011)

Summary In-situ-gelled acids that are based on polymers have been used in the field for several years and were the subject of many laboratory studies. These acids are used in stages to block the treated zone and force the next regular-acid stages to the untreated zones. An extensive literature survey reveals that there are conflicting opinions about using these acids. On one hand, these acids were used in the field, with mixed results. On the other hand, recent laboratory work indicated that these acids can cause damage under certain conditions. The ability of polymer-based in-situ-gelled acids to divert regular acids was studied using a parallel-coreflood setup. The sequence of the injection involved in-situ-gelled acid at 5 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl) stage followed by regular acid at 15 wt% HCl until acid breakthrough. Experimental results show that flow was initially distributed between the two cores according to the preacid permeability ratio. Permeability grew slightly faster in the higher-permeability core until breakthrough occurred. Therefore, diversion was needed for all acid treatments. At an injection rate of 1 cm3/min, in-situ-gelled acid plugged the two cores. For low permeability contrast (1:2), polymer was able to divert the acid, with permeability enhancement in both cores. For high permeability contrast (1:20 up to 1:25), in-situ-gelled acid was able to divert the acid only at an injection rate less than 10 cm3/min. However, at higher injection rates, in-situ-gelled acid was not able to build enough pressure to force the regular acid into the low-permeability core. Increasing the injection rate reduced the viscosity of the in-situ-gelled acid. Therefore, acid-injection rate should be determined on the basis of the expected fluid viscosity in the formation. The results obtained can be used to design acid treatments in carbonate reservoirs better.
Effects of Specific Antibodies against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> on Pharmacodynamic Parameters of β-Lactams in a Mouse Sepsis Model (2002)

A dose-ranging study to investigate the in vivo effects of the presence of specific antibodies on the efficacy of beta-lactam treatment of sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (non-beta-lactam-susceptible serotype 6B isolate) was performed with a BALB/c mouse model. Hyperimmune serum was obtained from mice immunized with the heat-inactivated strain. The rate of mortality was 100% in nontreated animals in the absence of specific antibodies. A single injection of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum produced 60 to 40% survival rates. In the absence of specific antibodies, the minimal effective doses of amoxicillin and cefotaxime that produced survival rates of 100 and 80% were 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight (three times a day for up to six doses), respectively. These doses produced times that the levels in serum remained above the MIC (deltaT > MICs) approximately 30% of the dosing interval. When specific antibodies were present (by administration of a one-half or one-quarter dilution of hyperimmune serum), the minimal effective doses of the antibiotics were 3.12 and 6.25 mg/kg ( approximately 8 times lower), with the deltaT > MICs being approximately 3 and 5% of the dosing interval for amoxicillin and cefotaxime, respectively. This in vivo combined pharmacodynamic effect offers possibilities that can be used to address penicillin resistance.
Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Amplifies Its Own Expression and Induces Scar Formation in a Model of Human Fetal Skin Repair (1995)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 is an important modulator in scar formation. Anti-TGF-beta 1 strategies may promote scarless healing in adult wounds.
"Scrambler therapy": a new option in neuropathic pain treatment? (2000)

This work aims to evaluate the use of a new electromedical device, conceived in an exclusive way to subvert the concept of electric nerve stimulation. It uses the nervous fiber as a passive means to convey, by means of a procedure that we might define as 'scrambling' (the technical meaning of scrambling is mixing of information), a message of normality to the CNS which should enable to recognize it as self and non-algic one, thus modifying the reflex adaptive responses. This technique has been named 'scrambler therapy'.According to the theoretical guidelines, we have conceived first a prototype and subsequently an electromedical device called Transcutaneous Electromanipulation by Nervous Patterns Scrambler (T.E.N.P.S.).Thirty-four patients, age 64±12, all affected by chronic neuropathic pain have been enrolled in this study. Among them, only 18 (13 M, 5 F) have followed the whole treatment protocol and the subsequent follow-up.Patients experiencing a pain reliefs ≥50% were considered responsive to the treatment. All data have been evaluated by means of statistical analysis tests (Student's t-test, variance) and elaborated by Xlstat software.The first results obtained using the explained device and protocol show an effectively significant VAS score reduction after each 'scrambler therapy' session. Moreover, mean pre-treatment VAS score graph shows a significant decreasing trend. This can be shown also by analyzing pain intensity difference (PID) and summatory PID (SPID) data. Only 16.7% of patients (3 subjects) were not responsive to this protocol, while 11.1% of them (2 patients) have experienced only partial pain-relief.
ANÁLISIS Y PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCIÓN EN UN CASO DE DELIRIO DE EMBARAZO. (2016)

Introduccion: Se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnostico de esquizofrenia paranoide. Mantiene la creencia delirante de estar embarazada a pesar de la certeza y evidencia de lo contrario. Ha rechazado el tratamiento farmacologico asi como realizarse determinadas pruebas medicas necesarias para la mejora de su salud por miedo a danar al feto. Por motivos de accesibilidad para intervenir con la paciente, se presenta una evaluacion exhaustiva junto al planteamiento de los objetivos de tratamiento, siendo este ultimo disenado de forma hipotetica sin que haya sido posible su aplicacion. Metodo: Se han utilizado diferentes fuentes de informacion, principalmente, la entrevista clinica y varios instrumentos sobre sintomatologia positiva y ajuste psicosocial. Se sugiere como hipotesis explicativa de esta conviccion delirante de embarazo, la interpretacion erronea de experiencias perceptivas anomalas (amenorrea, nauseas, mareos, distension abdominal…). Resultados: La focalizacion de la atencion unicamente a las experiencias sobre el estado fisico, debido al deseo de ser madre, junto a este sesgo en la interpretacion estaria reforzando la propia ideacion delirante de embarazo al convertirse en la unica alternativa para explicar tal complejidad. No se aplico la intervencion propuesta debido al abandono del tratamiento. Discusion: Para una mejor comprension de este tipo de problematica, en cuanto a su naturaleza y factores implicados asi como para el diseno de intervenciones psicologicas eficaces, se insiste en la importancia de realizar un mayor numero de investigaciones.
Heteroepitaxial Growth of Gold Nanostructures on Silicon by Galvanic Displacement (2009)

This work focuses on the synthesis and interfacial characterization of gold nanostructures on silicon surfaces, including Si(111), Si(100), and Si nanowires. The synthetic approach uses galvanic displacement, a type of electroless deposition that takes place in an efficient manner under aqueous, room-temperature conditions. The case of gold-on-silicon has been widely studied and used for several applications and yet, a number of important, fundamental questions remain as to the nature of the interface. Some studies are suggestive of heteroepitaxial growth of gold on the silicon surface, whereas others point to the existence of a silicon-gold intermetallic sandwiched between the metallic gold and the underlying silicon substrate. Through detailed high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), combined with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and nanobeam diffraction (NBD), heteroepitaxial gold that is grown by galvanic displacement is confirmed on both Si(100) and Si(111), as well as silicon nanowires. The coincident site lattice (CSL) of gold-on-silicon results in a very small 0.2% lattice mismatch due to the coincidence of four gold lattices to three of silicon. The presence of gold-silicon intermetallics is suggested by the appearance of additional spots in the electron diffraction data. The gold-silicon interfaces appear heterogeneous with distinct areas of heteroepitaxial gold on silicon, and others, less well-defined, where intermetallics may reside. The high resolution cross-sectional TEM images reveal a roughened silicon interface under these aqueous galvanic displacement conditions, which most likely promotes nucleation of metallic gold islands that merge over time: a Volmer-Weber growth mechanism in the initial stages.
Spectroscopic studies of plasma during cw laser gas heating in flowing argon (1987)

cw laser gas heating in flowing argon was studied using emission spectroscopy. The local electron temperature was calculated from the 415.8-nm Ari line spectra ratio to the adjacent continuum emission. The two-dimensional temperature fields were utilized in the calculation of laser power absorption, beam refraction, radiative losses, and net thermal energy retained by the gas. The experiments were performed over a range of laser powers from 2.5 to 6.4 kW and flow velocities between 15 and 120 cm/s. The plasmas were determined to absorb as much as 78% of the incident laser energy at high powers and low flowrates. The calculations indicate that thermal energy retained by the gas is in excess of 35% of the incident energy at intermediate power levels and high flowrates. The results compare favorably with independent calorimetric and thermometric measurements as well as a numerical model. The primary conclusion is that laser propulsion appears feasible in that the earlier dynamic concerns have been shown to be nonexistent or circumventable.
Point Light Source Estimation based on Scenes Recorded by a RGB-D camera (2013)

Bastiaan J. Boom1 http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/bboom/ Sergio Orts-Escolano2 http://www.dtic.ua.es/~sorts/ Xin X. Ning1 avener1446@hotmail.com Steven McDonagh1 http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/s0458953/ Peter Sandilands1 http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/s0569500/ Robert B. Fisher1 http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/ 1 Institute of Perception, Action and Behaviour University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK 2 Computer Technology Department University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
Abstract 3698: ODSH, a heparin derivative, enhances the efficacy of gemcitabine in a refractory human pancreatic tumor xenograft model (2012)

Abstract ODSH, a new chemical entity, is 2-0, 3-0 desulfated heparin, a desulfated heparin analog that has been shown to bind to the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). This interaction prevents RAGE from binding to a principal ligand, HMGB1, as well as to other ligands including S-100 calgranulin, which attenuates the activation of RAGE. RAGE activation is known to induce resistance to chemotherapy and promote pancreatic tumor cell survival. We have shown, in vivo, an increase in response with gemcitabine when combined with ODSH. ODSH was tested alone and in combination with standard of care agent, gemcitabine, against BxPC-3 human pancreatic tumor xenograft model. Single agent ODSH and gemcitabine treatment showed an 18.8% and 16.8% decrease in tumor weight, respectively. The combination regimen of ODSH and gemcitabine increased tumor growth inhibition to 37.9%. This decrease was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) compared to ODSH and gemcitabine treatments alone according to Student's t-test. We believe this is a novel approach to treat metastatic pancreatic cancer. ODSH has already shown a favorable safety profile in Phase I and II studies. A clinical trial with ODSH treatment in combination with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer is underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3698. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3698
Campylobacter: molecular and cellular biology. (2005)

1. Campylobacter Infection. 2. Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Methods for the Identification of Campylobacter Species. 3. Population Genetics of Campylobacter jejuni. 4. Campylobacter jejuni Strain Variation. 5. Advances in Campylobacter jejuni Comparative Genomics Through Whole Genome DNA Microarrays. 6. Prevalence of Campylobacter in the Food and Water Supply: Incidence, Outbreaks, Isolation, and Detection. 7. New Methods for Epidemiological Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni. 8. Plasmids of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176. 9. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter. 10. Multidrug Efflux Systems in Campylobacter. 11. Genetic Bases for the Variation in the Lipooligosaccharide Outer Core of Campylobacter jejuni and Possible Association of Glycosyltransferase Genes with Post-Infectious Neuropathies. 12. The Polysaccharide Capsule of Campylobacter jejuni. 13. Protein Glycosylation in Campylobacter. 14. Metabolism, Electron Transport and Bioenergetics of Campylobacter jejuni: Implications for Understanding Life in the Gut and Survival in the Environment. 15. Iron Transport and Regulation. 16. Campylobacter jejuni Stress Responses During Survival in the Food Chain and Colonisation.17. Motility. 18. Campylobacter Chemotaxis. 19. Invasion. 20. Cytolethal Distending Toxin. 21. Interactions of C. jejuni with Non-professional Phagocytic Cells. 22. Campylobacter jejuni Interactions with Professional Phagocytes. 23. Campylobacter spp and the Ability to Elicit Intestinal Inflammatory Responses. 24. Campylobacter jejuni Interaction with Enterocytes - Using Host Gene Expression Analysis to Unravel.
Inference for Step-Stress Partially Accelerated Life Test Model with an Adaptive Type-I Progressively Hybrid Censored Data (2021)

Consider estimating data of failure times under step-stress partially accelerated life tests based on adaptive Type-I hybrid censoring. The mathematical model related to the lifetime of the test units is assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution. The point and interval maximum-likelihood estimations are obtained for distribution parameter and tampering coefficient. Also, the work is conducted under a traditional Type-I hybrid censoring plan (scheme). A Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is used to evaluate and compare the performances of the estimators of the tempering coefficient and model parameters under both progressively hybrid censoring plans. The comparison is carried out on the basis of mean squared errors and bias.
PERTUMBUHAN RHIZOBAKTERI ASAL RHIZOSFER TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA ORGANIK CAIR (2022)

RATIH (08220160081) This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the growth of potential rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of maize in various liquid organic media, namely rice water, tofu water and coconut water. This research was conducted at the Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Muslim University of Indonesia. Taking place in December 2020. The ingredients used are rice water, tofu water, coconut water and Nutrient Agar as a comparison. The method used was a completely randomized design. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was concluded that for the VZ1 isolate the best medium for the number of cells was tofu water (AT) media with an average of 1.32 × 106 CFU / ml and the highest cell density was in rice water (AB) media with the average OD value ie0.3008.The best VZ4 media isolate for cell count was in rice water (AB) media with an average cell number of 2.02 × 106 CFU / ml and the highest bacterial cell density, namely in Rice Water (AB) media with an average OD value, namely0.2302. Bacterial growth curves in the best exponential phase of the VZ1 and VZ4 isolates in rice water (AB) media for 8 hours or 2-10 hours after incubation, but what distinguishes VZ1 and VZ4 isoalates is that in tofu and coconut water The exponential phase was for 8 hours or with a time of 2-10 hours after incubation, while in the VZ4 isolate it was for 6 hours or with a time of 2-8 hours after incubation
Development of a Rapid Method for Simultaneous Recovery of Diverse Microbes in Drinking Water by Ultrafiltration with Sodium Polyphosphate and Surfactants (2005)

The ability to simultaneously concentrate diverse microbes is an important consideration for sample collection methods that are used for emergency response and environmental monitoring when drinking water may be contaminated with an array of unknown microbes. This study focused on developing a concentration method using ultrafilters and different combinations of a chemical dispersant (sodium polyphosphate [NaPP]) and surfactants. Tap water samples were seeded with bacteriophage MS2, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, 4.5-microm microspheres, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus globigii endospores, and echovirus 1. Ten-liter tap water samples were concentrated to approximately 250 ml in 12 to 42 min, depending on the experimental condition. Initial experiments indicated that pretreating filters with fetal bovine serum or NaPP resulted in an increase in microbe recovery. The addition of NaPP to the tap water samples resulted in significantly higher microbe and microsphere recovery efficiencies. Backflushing of the ultrafilter was found to significantly improve recovery efficiencies. The effectiveness of backflushing was improved further with the addition of Tween 80 to the backflush solution. The ultrafiltration method developed in this study, incorporating the use of NaPP pretreatment and surfactant solution backflushing, was found to recover MS2, C. parvum, microspheres, and several bacterial species with mean recovery efficiencies of 70 to 93%. The mean recovery efficiency for echovirus 1 (49%) was the lowest of the microbes studied for this method. This research demonstrates that ultrafiltration can be effective for recovering diverse microbes simultaneously in tap water and that chemical dispersants and surfactants can be beneficial for improving microbial recovery using this technique.