gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classifying User Intention and Social Support Types in Online Healthcare Discussions (2014)

With the development of online healthcare social media, a large volume of user generated content are available in different health discussion forums or groups. Healthcare social media sites could empower patients to play a substantial role in their treatment by acquiring knowledge and support through actively involving in online discussions and interactions. However, users may have difficulty to find relevant topics or peers in these online health forums with a large amount of unstructured information. Most recommendation systems rely on content-based approach to recommend peers or discussions to their participants. However, in healthcare social media sites, content-based approach is not sufficient because health consumers may have different intentions of participation or may be interest in different types of support even if the content matches their interest. Based on previous studies, we utilize Naïve Bayes methods and propose two tasks for classifying posts and comments on Quit Stop forum, an online community for smoking cessation intervention, respectively: (1) classification of intentions and (2) classification of social support types. Different text feature sets and user health feature sets are selected to develop classifiers. Taking different evaluation indicators as optimizing goals, we develop genetic algorithms to combine classifiers with different feature sets and optimize the classification results. It is found that for post classification, integrating text and health features could achieve the highest precision, recall and F1 measure. For comment classification, combining different text features could reach the best result. In the future, the classification result could be applied to developing recommender systems for topic recommendation and user prediction of online health forums.
Bent DNA: visualization of a base-paired and stacked A-B conformational junction. (1979)

A model for the junction of contiguous DNA segments having A-DNA and B-DNA conformations is generated using a computerized linked-atom, least-squares model building program. The junction region comprises one base pair and the two neighboring internucleotide linkages and exhibits full hydrogen-bonded base-pairing, full base-stacking, and unexceptional stereochemistry. In addition, the junction has a mixed sugar ring pucker with the junction base pair adopting C2-endo and C3-endo furanose sugar rings in the complementary strands. Since the junction is fully base-stacked, the differences in base tilt between A-DNA and B-DNA result in a bend of 26 degrees in the duplex at the junction. The results of this study indicate: 1) a correlation of the B leads to A transition with several features of the initiation of RNA transcription, 2) possible structural roles of alternating AT and GC sequences in protein recognition, and 3) the possibility of dynamic conformational discontinuities in a DNA helix.
Light-induced alkylation of glycine-containing polypeptides (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-induced alkylation of glycine-containing polypeptidesJoseph SperlingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 19, 5389–5390Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01047a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01047a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of a superconducting qubit with a microwave photon counter (2018)

Fast, high-fidelity measurement is a key ingredient for quantum error correction. Conventional approaches to the measurement of superconducting qubits, involving linear amplification of a microwave probe tone followed by heterodyne detection at room temperature, do not scale well to large system sizes. We introduce an approach to measurement based on a microwave photon counter demonstrating raw single-shot measurement fidelity of 92%. Moreover, the intrinsic damping of the photon counter is used to extract the energy released by the measurement process, allowing repeated high-fidelity quantum nondemolition measurements. Our scheme provides access to the classical outcome of projective quantum measurement at the millikelvin stage and could form the basis for a scalable quantum-to-classical interface.
Noises of Two Spur-Gear Transmissions (1961)

First Page
Guidelines for data acquisition and data quality evaluation in environmental chemistry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGuidelines for data acquisition and data quality evaluation in environmental chemistryDaniel. MacDougall, Warren B. Crummett, and . et al.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 14, 2242–2249Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50064a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50064a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5810Altmetric-Citations1259LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Contributors (Dec. 1955 [T-MTT]) (1955)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Overproduction and rapid purification of the biotin operon repressor from Escherichia coli. (1988)

The Escherichia coli biotin operon repressor protein (BirA) has been overexpressed at the level of 0.5-1% of the total cellular protein from the plasmid pMBR10. Four lines of evidence demonstrated that authentic BirA protein was produced. First, birA plasmids complemented birA mutants for both the repressor and biotin holoenzyme synthetase activities of BirA. Second, biotin holoenzyme synthase activity was increased in strains containing the overproducing plasmids. Third, deletion of sequences flanking the birA gene did not alter production of the 35-kDa BirA protein, but insertion of oligonucleotide linkers within the birA coding region abolished it. Fourth, the 35-kDa protein copurified with the biotin binding activity normally associated with BirA. The birA protein has been purified to homogeneity in a three-step process involving chromatography on phosphocellulose and hydroxyapatite columns.
Combining classifiers for robust PICO element detection (2010)

Our experiments on the identification of PICO elements showed that the task is very challenging. Nevertheless, the performance achieved by our identification method is competitive with previously published results and shows that this task can be achieved with a high accuracy for the P element but lower ones for I and O elements.
Environment partitioned distributed simulation of queueing systems (1991)

An extension of object-oriented design is used to design computer systems to simulate specific queuing networks, and the performance of these systems is estimated through simulation. Substantial speedups were obtained for all three queuing networks. In addition, sensitivity tests were performed on communication and interface attributes of the system. It is noted that environment partitioned simulation appears to provide an effective means of substantially reducing the run time of queuing simulation programs. The simulated results presented for the CR5 and MMc systems are impressive, and should carry over into any queuing simulation composed of the three standard objects used. >
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) in Ovine, Bovine, Porcine, and Equine Ovarian Follicles: Involvement in IGF Binding Protein-4 Proteolytic Degradation and mRNA Expression During Follicular Development (2001)

IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) proteolytic degradation is a common feature of preovulatory follicles from human, ovine, bovine, porcine, and equine ovary. In all these species, the protease is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease and its ability to degrade IGFBP-4 is IGF dependent. The human intrafollicular IGFBP-4-degrading protease has recently been identified as pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). The aim of this study was to investigate whether PAPP-A is also involved in IGFBP-4 degradation in ovine, bovine, porcine, and equine preovulatory follicles and to study the expression of PAPP-A mRNA in bovine and porcine granulosa cells from different classes of follicles. Immunoneutralization and immunoprecipitation with polyclonal antibodies raised against human PAPP-A inhibited IGFBP-4 proteolytic degradation in preovulatory follicular fluid from the four species studied. As previously reported for the intrafollicular proteolytic activity degrading IGFBP-4, recombinant human PAPP-A generated in vitro 17- and 10-kDa IGFBP-4-proteolytic fragments. Recombinant PAPP-A activity was also shown to be IGF dependent and was inhibited by heparin-binding domain-containing peptides. In all mammalian species studied, the PAPP-A sequences showed high degree of identity. Moreover, the PAPP-A gene was localized on porcine chromosome 1 (1q29-1q213), in agreement with the localization of human PAPP-A gene on human chromosome 9q33.1. In bovine and porcine ovaries, real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that PAPP-A mRNA expression in granulosa cells was maximal in fully differentiated follicles and was positively correlated with expression of P450 aromatase and LH receptor mRNAs. Overall, these data show that PAPP-A is responsible for IGFBP-4 degradation in ovine, bovine, porcine, and equine preovulatory follicles. The high expression of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells from large, differentiated follicles suggest that it is a new functional marker of follicular development.
Ecological and Economic Importance of Bats (Order Chiroptera) (2013)

Order Chiroptera is the second most diverse and abundant order of mammals with great physiological and ecological diversity. They play important ecological roles as prey and predator, arthropod suppression, seed dispersal, pollination, material and nutrient distribution, and recycle. They have great advantage and disadvantage in economic terms. The economic benefits obtained from bats include biological pest control, plant pollination, seed dispersal, guano mining, bush meat and medicine, aesthetic and bat watching tourism, and education and research. Even though bats are among gentle animals providing many positive ecological and economic benefits, few species have negative effects. They cause damage on human, livestock, agricultural crops, building, and infrastructure. They also cause airplane strike, disease transmission, and contamination, and bite humans during self-defense. Bat populations appear to be declining presumably in response to human induced environmental stresses like habitat destruction and fragmentation, disturbance to caves, depletion of food resources, overhunting for bush meat and persecution, increased use of pesticides, infectious disease, and wind energy turbine. As bats are among the most overlooked in spite of their economical and ecological importance, their conservation is mandatory.
Sintering of Si3N4 with Al2O3 and Y2O3. (1977)

The sintering of Si3N4 with 10-50% (in weight) of equi-molar mixture of Al2O3 and Y2O3 was investigated at 1700°C and 1800°C. During heating, the dissolution of Si3N4 into Al2O3-Y2O3 reduces the melting point of the phase. The glass phase liquidized at sintering temperature and enhanced the liquid phase sintering. During sintering, a part of the liquid crystallized to α′-Si3N4 (solid solution of Si3N4 and Al2O3 with α-Si3N4 structure) and/or Si3N4⋅Y2O3.The minimum porosity performed was 13.3% and 3.8% in pressureless sintering at 1700°C and gas pressure sintering under 10 atm N2 at 1800°C, respectively.The glass phase crystallized to α′-Si3N4 and Si3N4⋅Y2O3 by annealing at 1600°C. The crystallization of β′-Si3N4 and Si3N4⋅Y2O3 from glass phase was found in Al2O3 rich and Y2O3 rich compositions, respectively. The occurrence of α′-Si3N4 during sintering was attributed to non-equilibrium conditions.
Targeted Deletion and Inversion of Tandemly Arrayed Genes in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Using Zinc Finger Nucleases (2013)

Tandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) or gene clusters are prevalent in higher eukaryotic genomes. For example, approximately 17% of genes are organized in tandem in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The genetic redundancy created by TAGs presents a challenge for reverse genetics. As molecular scissors, engineered zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) make DNA double-strand breaks in a sequence-specific manner. ZFNs thus provide a means to delete TAGs by creating two double-strand breaks in the gene cluster. Using engineered ZFNs, we successfully targeted seven genes from three TAGs on two Arabidopsis chromosomes, including the well-known RPP4 gene cluster, which contains eight resistance (R) genes. The resulting gene cluster deletions ranged from a few kb to 55 kb with frequencies approximating 1% in somatic cells. We also obtained large chromosomal deletions of ~9 Mb at approximately one tenth the frequency, and gene cluster inversions and duplications also were achieved. This study demonstrates the ability to use sequence-specific nucleases in plants to make targeted chromosome rearrangements and create novel chimeric genes for reverse genetics and biotechnology.
Production of Block Copolymer Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-<i>block</i>-poly(3-hydroxypropionate) with Adjustable Structure from an Inexpensive Carbon Source (2013)

The block copolymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-<i>block</i>-poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HB-<i>b</i>-P3HP) with a wide range of 3HP fractions from 7.4 mol % to 75 mol % were biosynthesized from inexpensive carbon sources for the first time, differing from previously reported approaches based on sequential addition of precursors. The engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain carried two parallel synthetic pathways modulated by independent regulatory systems to produce the 3HB and 3HP monomers, respectively. Manipulating the expression levels of 3HB and 3HP pathways resulted in biosynthesis of block copolymers P3HB-<i>b</i>-P3HP with varied compositions. Nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetric studies demonstrated novel microstructure and thermal properties not available in related random copolymers and a blend of P3HB and P3HP homopolymers.
rBMP represses Wnt signaling and influences skeletal progenitor cell fate specification during bone repair (2010)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) participate in multiple stages of the fetal skeletogenic program from promoting cell condensation to regulating chondrogenesis and bone formation through endochondral ossification. Here, we show that these pleiotropic functions are recapitulated when recombinant BMPs are used to augment skeletal tissue repair. In addition to their well-documented ability to stimulate chondrogenesis in a skeletal injury, we show that recombinant BMPs (rBMPs) simultaneously suppress the differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells in the endosteum and bone marrow cavity to an osteoblast lineage. Both the prochondrogenic and antiosteogenic effects are achieved because rBMP inhibits endogenous beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. In the injured periosteum, this repression of Wnt activity results in sox9 upregulation; consequently, cells in the injured periosteum adopt a chondrogenic fate. In the injured endosteum, rBMP also inhibits Wnt signaling, which results in the runx2 and collagen type I downregulation; consequently, cells in this region fail to differentiate into osteoblasts. In muscle surrounding the skeletal injury site, rBMP treatment induces Smad phosphorylation followed by exuberant cell proliferation, an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, and chondrogenic differentiation. Thus different populations of adult skeletal progenitor cells interpret the same rBMP stimulus in unique ways, and these responses mirror the pleiotropic effects of BMPs during fetal skeletogenesis. These mechanistic insights may be particularly useful for optimizing the reparative potential of rBMPs while simultaneously minimizing their adverse outcomes.
Algebraic optimization for nested relations (2002)

The commutative properties of nested relational operators in the context of optimization are examined. It is explained why commutativity is hard in algebras for nested relations. Six mutual dependencies between nested relations and other conditions are introduced, and an algebraic characterization of nested relational operators is given in terms of constraint satisfaction. The results contrast with the algebraic properties of relational operators. It is suggested that algebraic attempts should be pursued cautiously for the query optimization of nested relational models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding the exploding gradient problem (2012)

Training Recurrent Neural Networks is more troublesome than feedforward ones
because of the vanishing and exploding gradient problems detailed in Bengio et
al. (1994). In this paper we attempt to understand the fundamental issues
underlying the exploding gradient problem by exploring it from an analytical, a
geometric and a dynamical system perspective. Our analysis is used to justify
the simple yet effective solution of norm clipping the exploded gradient. In
the experimental section, the comparison between this heuristic solution and
standard SGD provides empirical evidence towards our hypothesis as well as it
shows that such a heuristic is required to reach state of the art results on a
character prediction task and a polyphonic music prediction one.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: study design and rationale for phase 3 trials based on pooled analysis of six phase 2 randomized controlled trials (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00090064, NCT00353938, NCT01958593, NCT01211405, NCT01689740, NCT01793610.
Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation: Updates (1979)

(1979). Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation: Updates. Financial Analysts Journal: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 40-44.
Multivariate Regression-Based Fault Detection and Recovery of UAV Flight Data (2019)

With the wide applications of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), operating safety becomes a critical issue. Thus, fault detection (FD) has been focused, which can realize fault alarm and schedule maintenance in time. Since the accurate physical model of UAV is usually difficult to obtain and flight data with random noise has both spatial and temporal correlation, a huge challenge is posed to FD. In this article, a data-driven multivariate regression approach based on long short-term memory with residual filtering (LSTM-RF) is proposed to fulfill UAV flight data FD and recovery. First, an LSTM network is designed as a regression model, which can extract the spatial-temporal features from the flight data and obtain an estimation of the monitored parameter. Second, a filter is utilized to smooth the residuals between real flight data and estimated values, which mitigates the effect of random noise and dramatically improves the detection performance. Finally, FD is achieved by comparing the smoothed residual with a statistical threshold. Then, fault recovery is fulfilled by replacing fault data with the estimated value. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted based on simulation data and real flight data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has good performance in FD and recovery of UAV flight data.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA splice variants are differentially expressed in human blastocysts (2001)

The aim of our study was to detect and characterize mRNA expression of VEGF isoforms VEGF(121), VEGF(145), VEGF(165), VEGF(189), and VEGF(206) in human blastocysts. We recently demonstrated VEGF mRNA expression during human preimplantation embryo development, and further information regarding the alternatively spliced mRNAs resulting in freely secreted proteins or proteins bound to cell surface heparan-sulphate proteoglycans is needed to better understand the process of angiogenesis during implantation. Human blastocysts unsuitable for transfer obtained from the IVF programme at Stanford University were examined by reverse transcription/hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction for their expression of VEGF mRNA splice variants. VEGF mRNA was expressed in 17 out of 19 (89%) blastocysts. Of the 17 blastocysts, VEGF(121) mRNA was detected in 88%, VEGF(145) mRNA in 100%, VEGF(165) mRNA in 71%, and VEGF(189) mRNA in 24% of blastocysts. There was co-expression of mRNA for VEGF(121) and VEGF(145) only in 29% blastocysts, of mRNA for VEGF(165) and VEGF(145) only in 12%, and of mRNA for VEGF(121), VEGF(145) and VEGF(165) in 59% blastocysts. VEGF(206) mRNA could not be detected. In conclusion, we demonstrated that blastocysts express the mRNAs encoding for the free VEGF proteins, enabling the implanting embryo to immediately induce angiogenesis at the implantation site.
Learning convolutional filters for interest point detection (2013)

We present a method for learning efficient feature detectors based on in-situ evaluation as an alternative to hand-engineered feature detection methods. We demonstrate our in-situ learning approach by developing a feature detector optimized for stereo visual odometry. Our feature detector parameterization is that of a convolutional filter. We show that feature detectors competitive with the best hand-designed alternatives can be learned by random sampling in the space of convolutional filters and we provide a way to bias the search toward regions of the search space that produce effective results. Further, we describe our approach for obtaining the ground-truth data needed by our learning system in real, everyday environments.