gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Textures Classification with Edge Information (1997)

We introduce a novel texture description scheme and demonstrate it with our fast similarity search technique for content-based retrieval and navigation applications. The texture representation uses a combination of edge and region statistics. It is compared with the Multi-Resolution Simultaneous Auto-Regressive Model and Statistical Geometrical Features techniques using the entire Brodatz texture set and on a collection of more complex texture images obtained from a product catalogue. In both cases, the edge based representation gives the best
Ultrasonic Degradation of High Molecular Weight Components of Gelatin (1992)

Different types of gelatin were irradi ated with ultrasonic waves to investigate the process of ultrasonic degradation of gelatin. The physical characteristsics of irradiated gelatins were also studied.The kinetics of the ultrasonic degradation of fraction H (the highest molecular weight component in the gelatin) were studied and found to be first order. The ultrasonic degradation constant k of fraction H varied with type of gelatin, concentration and quantify of gelatin solution. Values of k for lime- processed gelatins were about the same as each other, whereas the k for acid-processed gelatins were different from one another. Fraction H of the acid- processed gelatins was more degradable than those of lime-processed gelatins. There was a negative relationship between Log(k) and the concentration of the gelatin solution. Correlation of Log(k) and the quantity of sample solution was also negative. The effect of irradiation time on the physical characteristics of the gelatin was also observed. The jelly strength of the irradiated gelatins had a peak during irradiation, whereas the viscosity decreased monotonously.
Pharmacology of rapid-onset antidepressant treatment strategies. (2001)

Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block serotonin (5-HT) reuptake rapidly, their therapeutic action is delayed. The increase in synaptic 5-HT activates feedback mechanisms mediated by 5-HT1A (cell body) and 5-HT1B (terminal) autoreceptors, which, respectively, reduce the firing in 5-HT neurons and decrease the amount of 5-HT released per action potential resulting in attenuated 5-HT neurotransmission. Long-term treatment desensitizes the inhibitory 5-HT1 autoreceptors, and 5-HT neurotransmission is enhanced. The time course of these events is similar to the delay of clinical action. The addition of pindolol, which blocks 5-HT1A receptors, to SSRI treatment decouples the feedback inhibition of 5-HT neuron firing and accelerates and enhances the antidepressant response. The neuronal circuitry of the 5-HT and norepinephrine (NE) systems and their connections to forebrain areas believed to be involved in depression has been dissected. The firing of 5-HT neurons in the raphe nuclei is driven, at least partly, by alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated excitatory inputs from NE neurons. Inhibitory alpha2-adrenoceptors on the NE neuroterminals form part of a feedback control mechanism. Mirtazapine, an antagonist at alpha2-adrenoceptors, does not enhance 5-HT neurotransmission directly but disinhibits the NE activation of 5-HT neurons and thereby increases 5-HT neurotransmission by a mechanism that does not require a time-dependent desensitization of receptors. These neurobiological phenomena may underlie the apparently faster onset of action of mirtazapine compared with the SSRIs.
La "similarità" delle categorie merceologiche dei flussi di esportazioni e di importazioni di prodotti alimentari nell'ambito dell'Unione Europea (2008)

L’articolo pone l’attenzione sul confronto dei flussi delle importazioni e delle esportazioni agro-industriali di Italia e Francia, due paesi mediterranei che hanno un interscambio intenso. La Francia è, infatti, il principale paese europeo fornitore dell’Italia e rappresenta il secondo mercato di sbocco per le produzioni agro-industriali italiane. Il lavoro propone due livelli di analisi. Nel primo livello si valutano, sulla base dell’elaborazione di dati EUROSTAT espressi in valori (euro), le caratteristiche dei flussi commerciali in entrata e in uscita dall’Italia e dalla Francia da e verso gli altri paesi dell’UE-27. Nel secondo livello, invece, l’idea è quella di stimare il grado di “similarità” dei beni scambiati sotto il profilo merceologico e di valutare in quale misura le relazioni tra i due partner siano improntate, da un lato, alla concorrenza, dall’altro alla complementarietà. L’analisi della similarità dal lato delle importazioni e delle esportazioni di prodotti agro-industriali scambiati dall’Italia e dalla Francia con l’area commerciale europea si basa su tre categorie di indici. La prima categoria degli indici di somiglianza e di specializzazione (saldo normalizzato, indice di somiglianza della struttura delle importazioni e delle esportazioni, indice di somiglianza dei prodotti dal lato delle importazioni e delle esportazioni) permette di esaminare il grado di “similarità”, di specializzazione e il trend evolutivo dei rapporti commerciali delle aree di scambio considerate. La seconda categoria di indici (Finger-Kreinen e Hirschmann) misura, invece, il cambiamento strutturale dei pattern commerciali, nell’intervallo temporale 1999-2006. Infine, l’ultima categoria (indice di Balassa sulle importazioni e sulle esportazioni) fornisce informazioni circa i vantaggi comparati rilevati dell’Italia e della Francia nell’interscambio con il mercato europeo.
10.1016/0967-0653(96)82798-0 (2000)

This study relates tidal channel cross-sectional area (A) to peak spring discharge (Q) via a physical mechanism, namely the stability shear stress ( tau sub(S)) just necessary to maintain a zero gradient in net along-channel sediment transport. It is assumed that if bed shear stress ( tau ) is greater than tau sub(S), net erosion will occur, increasing A, and reducing tau similar to (Q/A) super(2) back toward tau sub(S). If tau < tau sub(S) there will be net deposition, reducing A and increasing tau toward tau sub(S). A survey of the literature allows estimates of Q and A at 242 sections in 26 separate sheltered tidal systems. Assuming a single value of tau sub(S) characterizes the entire length of a given tidal channel, it is predicted that along-channel geometry will follow the relation Ah sub(R) super(1) super(/) super(6) similar to Q. Along-channel regressions of the form Ah sub(R) super(1) super(/) super(6) similar to Q super( beta ) give a mean observed value for beta of 1.00 plus or minus 0.06, which is consistent with this concept. Results indicate that a lower bound on tau sub(S) (and an upper bound on A) for stable channels is provided by the critical shear stress ( tau sub(C)) just capable of initiating sediment motion. Observed tau sub(S) is found to vary among all systems as a function of spring tidal range (R sub(sp)) according to the relation tau sub(S) approximately 2.3 R sub(sp) super(0.79) tau sub(C). Observed deviations from uniform tau sub(S) along individual channels are associated with along-channel variation in the direction of maximum discharge (i.e., flood-versus ebb-dominance).
Direct Protein Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using Cell-permeable Cys<sub>2</sub>-His<sub>2</sub> Zinc-finger Domains (2015)

Due to their modularity and ability to be reprogrammed to recognize a wide range of DNA sequences, Cys2-His2 zinc-finger DNA-binding domains have emerged as useful tools for targeted genome engineering. Like many other DNA-binding proteins, zinc-fingers also possess the innate ability to cross cell membranes. We recently demonstrated that this intrinsic cell-permeability could be leveraged for intracellular protein delivery. Genetic fusion of zinc-finger motifs leads to efficient transport of protein and enzyme cargo into a broad range of mammalian cell types. Unlike other protein transduction technologies, delivery via zinc-finger domains does not inhibit enzyme activity and leads to high levels of cytosolic delivery. Here a detailed step-by-step protocol is presented for the implementation of zinc-finger technology for protein delivery into mammalian cells. Key steps for achieving high levels of intracellular zinc-finger-mediated delivery are highlighted and strategies for maximizing the performance of this system are discussed.
Optimum antenna configurations for millimetre-wave communications from high-altitude platforms (2007)

Clustering sizes, power control strategies and antenna beamwidths, and orientations are investigated for quasi-stationary high-altitude platforms (HAPs) or other aerial platforms operating in the millimetre-wave band. It is shown that considering the carrier-to-noise and interference ratios (CNIRs) when optimising antenna beamwidths and directions can lead to significant increases in minimum CNIR levels (e.g. from 8.7 to 16.9 dB) over the coverage area. It is also shown that the optimum antenna configurations and transmit powers are a function of the weather, and should (if possible) be adjusted during periods of cloud cover and rainfall. In more practical situations in which only the transmit powers from the HAP antennas can be adjusted dynamically, it is shown that the loss in performance is <2 dB relative to the optimum scheme with dynamically adjustable antenna beamwidths and orientations over a wide range of rainfall conditions.
Periodontal lesions in hamsters and gnotobiotic rats infected with actinomyces of human origin (1972)

Albino hamsters infected with a catalase negative strain of Actinomyces of human origin developed a root surface and periodontal syndrome similar to that previously described in hamsters. Deposits of radicular plaque developed, and areas of alveolar bone resorption were noted adjacent to tooth surfaces that had been coated with copious amounts of plaque. Gingival plaque contained large numbers of microorganisms with identical characteristics to those of the infecting strain. Groups of gnotobiotic rats were separately infected with two human strains of Actinomyees , one of which was representative of A. viscosus . Gingival distortion, pocketing, alveoloclasia, and root caries were associated with the impaction of hair fibers and the formation of bacterial mats on root surfaces. In many areas bacterial coats had spread over more than half of the exposed root surfaces of maxillary first and second molars. Primary and secondary dentin was often destroyed by an invasion of these microorganisms that in some cases penetrated to the pulp chamber.
Atmospheric Transmission Measurements Using IR Lasers, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, and Gas-Filter Correlation Techniques, (1977)

Abstract : An extensive measurement system for atmospheric transmission field experiments is described with emphasis on the recent additions of a high resolution, scanning, Fourier interferometer system and a gas filter correlation spectrometer. Results obtained from three concurrent experiments used to generate a data base appropriate to high resolution transmission model validation are displayed. Laser extinction data, high resolution, long path atmospheric transmission spectra, and path integrated water vapor measurements are reported and discussed. Plans for future field experiments utilizing these three measurement techniques plus broadband infrared transmissometer and infrared target signature measurement are discussed.
Improved optical design for photovoltaic cells and modules (2002)

A scheme is described which is based on the use of tilted grooves for transferring light incident on noncell areas, laterally for relatively large distances within the encapsulation material, to where adjacent solar cells are located. Such an approach is shown capable of not only converting dead spaces between cells into active collecting regions, but also of allowing greatly reduced packing factors down to the 20-50% range to be used without loss of module performance. An approach for reducing the reflection at the silicon interface down to well below 1% through the use of off-axis <100> orientation wafers in conjunction with standard encapsulation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzymatic toxins from snake venom: structural characterization and mechanism of catalysis (2011)

Snake venoms are cocktails of enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins used for both the immobilization and digestion of prey. The most common snake venom enzymes include acetylcholinesterases, l-amino acid oxidases, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases and phospholipases A(2) . Higher catalytic efficiency, thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis make these enzymes attractive models for biochemists, enzymologists and structural biologists. Here, we review the structures of these enzymes and describe their structure-based mechanisms of catalysis and inhibition. Some of the enzymes exist as protein complexes in the venom. Thus we also discuss the functional role of non-enzymatic subunits and the pharmacological effects of such protein complexes. The structures of inhibitor-enzyme complexes provide ideal platforms for the design of potent inhibitors which are useful in the development of prototypes and lead compounds with potential therapeutic applications.
Hollow Fiber Flow Field-Flow Fractionation of Proteins Using a Microbore Channel (2005)

Protein separation through hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation (HF FlFFF) at microflow rate regime was successfully achieved by employing a microbore hollow fiber. In most of the flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) techniques applied to the separation of proteins, including hollow fiber FlFFF (HF FlFFF), an outflow rate leading to a detector has typically been a few tenths of a milliliter per minute. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that 10 microL/min outflow rate in HF FlFFF can be employed for a successful separation of proteins by utilizing a small inner diameter (450 microm) hollow fiber. Initial evaluations of microbore HF FlFFF separation were made to improve separation efficiency by evaluating plate heights, sample recovery, and the limit of detection using protein standards. Microbore HF FlFFF was applied for the separation of low-abundance blood proteins depleted of high-abundance proteins from raw serum using immunoaffinity chromatography.
Phase fluorometer with a continuously variable frequency (1975)

Primarily to investigate nonexponentially decaying fluorences, a phase fluorometer has been developed with a frequency continously variable between 0.5 and 72 MHz.
Phentermine/fenfluramine decreases cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys (1997)

Dopaminergic agonists can decrease cocaine self-administration at doses that do not decrease food-maintained responding, a pre-clinical effect indicative of a potential treatment for human cocaine abuse. To assess whether similar effects could be obtained with medications currently used to treat substance abuse, phentermine and fenfluramine were given alone and in combination to rhesus monkeys responding under schedules of food and cocaine delivery. Phentermine decreased cocaine-maintained responding with no effect on food-maintained responding. Fenfluramine also selectively decreased cocaine-maintained responding, but only at the highest dose. Combining a lower dose of fenfluramine with phentermine selectively decreased cocaine-maintained responding, but not more than with phentermine alone. These results suggest that phentermine, as well as its combination with fenfluramine, may be useful in the treatment of cocaine abuse.
La Sociedad del Conocimiento y las organizaciones educativas como generadoras de conocimiento: el nuevo «continuum» cultural y sus repercusiones en las dimensiones de una organización. (2001)

Sin resumen
Sucrase-Isomaltase Gene Expression and Adenocarcinoma (1993)

Background: Specialized Barrett’s esophageal mucosa, characterized by incomplete intestinal metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa, is associated with the development of adenocarcinoma. Although the intestinal disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase (SI) has been shown in incomplete intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, it is commonly believed that Barrett’s mucosa does not express SI based on the lack of enzymatic activity. This study was undertaken to determine whether the SI gene is expressed in Barrett’s epithelium and its associated adenocarcinoma at the leve1 of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein. Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the presence of SI mRNA in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinomas. Cellular localization of SI protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: SI mRNA was identified in 76% of Barrett’s epithelium and 82% of esophageal adenocarcinomas. The transcriptional initiation site for SI in these tissues was identical to that of the smal1 intestine. Immunohistochemical localization showed that SI was directed to the apical membrane in Barrett’s epithelium in contrast to a more diffuse cytoplasmic pattern in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: Columnar cells of specialized Barrett’s epithelium express SI and are, therefore, phenotypically similar to those in incomplete intestinal metaplasia of the stomach with respect to intestinal gene expression.
Effect of NaCl on the Lifetime of Micro- and Nanobubbles (2016)

Micro- and nanobubbles (MNBs) are potentially useful for industrial applications such as the purification of wastewater and the promotion of physiological activities of living organisms. To develop such applications, we should understand their properties and behavior, such as their lifetime and their number density in solution. In the present study, we observed oxygen MNBs distributed in an electrolyte (NaCl) solution using a transmission electron microscope to analyze samples made with the freeze-fracture replica method. We found that MNBs in a 100 mM NaCl solution remain for at least 1 week, but at higher concentrations decay more quickly. To better understand their lifetimes, we compared measurements of the solution's dissolved oxygen concentration and the ζ-potential of the MNBs. Our detailed observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images allows us to conclude that low concentrations of NaCl stabilize MNBs due to the ion shielding effect. However, higher concentrations accelerate their disappearance by reducing the repulsive force between MNBs.
Inhibition of steroid sulfatase decreases endometriosis in an in vivo murine model (2011)

E2MATE was shown to effectively inhibit STS activity in endometrial tissue in vitro. In vivo, E2MATE decreased endometriosis development without affecting systemic estradiol levels. Use of STS-I could therefore be of potential interest in endometriosis treatment.
(Invited) Innovative Deposition Technology for Advanced Materials (2010)

Multi component films for a range of device applications were deposited by atomic vapor deposition (AVD®). Dysprosium doped HfO2 was studied as a high-k material. All HfDyOx films showed a tegragonal/cubic phase. A Dy concentration of 4% was determined for an optimum increase of the k-value. The material GeSbTe was investigated as a possible candidate for phase change applications. The material was deposited in a wide range of compositions in a controlled fashion. In particular the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase was achieved with good composition, thickness and electrical resistivity uniformity. Gap fill and phase change properties were studied.
Design and development of a hand-held optical probe toward fluorescence diagnostic imaging (2007)

Near-infrared optical imaging is an emerging noninvasive technology toward breast cancer diagnosis. The optical imaging systems available to date are limited either by flexibility to image any given breast volume, patient comfort, or instrument portability. Here, a hand-held optical probe is designed and developed, 1. employing a unique measurement scheme of simultaneous multiple point illumination and collection for rapid data acquisition and minimal patient discomfort, and 2. employing a curved probe head such that it allows flexible imaging of tissue curvatures. Simulation studies are carried out on homogeneous slab phantoms (5x10x8 cc) to determine an appropriate source-detector configuration for the probe head. These design features are implemented in the development of the probe, which consisted of six simultaneous illuminating and 165 simultaneous collecting fibers, spaced 0.5 cm apart on a 5x10 sq-cm probe head. Simulation studies on 3-D slab and curved phantoms demonstrate an increase in the total area of predicted fluorescence amplitude and overall signal strength on using simultaneous multiple point sources over a single point source. The probe is designed and developed such that on coupling with a detection system in the future, the hand-held probe based imager can be clinically assessed toward cancer diagnostic imaging.
Flavor development in salted butter by pure cultures of bacteria preliminary results (1941)

Pure cultures of various streptococci produced relatively large amounts of diacetyl and acetylmethylcarbinol in milk containing added citric acid. These included S. citrovorus or S. paracitrovorus, S. diacetilactis, S. citrophilus and an unidentified organism H28. S. aromaticus, which does not ferment citric acid, produced diacetyl and small amounts of acetylmethylcarbinol in milk. With each of the species the ratios of diacetyl to acetylmethylcarbinol varied in the different trials; frequently, the diacetyl was much higher in proportion to the acetylmethylcarbinol than with butter cultures.\nThe diacetyl contents of cream plus culture immediately after mixing were both higher and lower than the theoretical amounts calculated from the diacetyl contents of the cream and culture; the carbinol contents were about the same as the theoretical values in most trials, but were higher in some instances.
Fuzzy parameter adaptation for a sliding mode controller as applied to the control of an articulated arm (2002)

A number of approaches based on sliding mode control methodology are proposed in the literature for the position control of robotic manipulators. An important problem in this context is chattering, that is high frequency oscillations in the velocity. In this paper, a novel approach is considered which eliminates chattering if the controller parameters are set suitably. A fuzzy adaptation scheme is devised for the online adaptation of the parameters of this method. Simulation results show that the fuzzy rule based adaptation scheme ensures good controller performance without chattering.
Bisphosphonates Inhibit the Growth of Mesothelioma Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2006)

In conclusion, risedronate and zoledronate inhibit the mevalonate pathway and induce p38 activation in mesothelioma cells in vitro. The effects on the mevalonate pathway dominate because the net result is growth inhibition. Both bisphosphonates also inhibit mesothelioma tumor growth in vivo and prolong the survival of mesothelioma-bearing mice. These results support further study of bisphosphonates in the management of mesothelioma.
Malware Classification Using Euclidean Distance and Artificial Neural Networks (2013)

Most of the samples discovered are variations of known malicious programs and thus have similar structures, however, there is no method of malware classification that is completely effective. To address this issue, the approach proposed in this paper represents a malware in terms of a vector, in which each feature consists of the amount of APIs called from a Dynamic Link Library (DLL). To determine if this approach is useful to classify malware variants into the correct families, we employ Euclidean Distance and a Multilayer Perceptron with several learning algorithms. The experimental results are analyzed to determine which method works best with the approach. The experiments were conducted with a database that contains real samples of worms and trojans and show that is possible to classify malware variants using the number of functions imported per library. However, the accuracy varies depending on the method used for the classification.