gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Treatments on the Milling, Physicochemical, and Cooking Properties of Two Long‐Grain Rice Cultivars During Storage (2013)

ABSTRACT During storage, the milling, physicochemical properties, and eating quality of rice change, which is generally termed “aging.” Aged rice is preferred by processors because of better processing characteristics, and therefore there are attempts to develop accelerated aging processes. In this study, the effects of various heat treatments and their influences on the milling, physicochemical, and cooking properties of two long‐grain rice cultivars during storage were investigated with a randomized complete block design with an 8 × 5 × 2 full‐factorial treatment design. Two long‐grain rice cultivars, Wells and XP723, were treated with eight different heat treatments, including two levels of UV irradiation, two levels of autoclaving, three levels of convection oven heating, and one control, and then stored for 180 days at room temperature. The heat treatments significantly influenced all properties, including head rice yield (HRY), surface lipid content, peak gelatinization temperature, pasting properties, and cooked rice texture. All properties except HRY exhibited a significant two‐way interaction of cultivar and heat treatment. The severe autoclaving treatment resulted in rice of significantly different protein compositions when compared with the control. Storage impacted all properties except HRY and peak gelatinization temperature. Autoclaving (particularly severe autoclaving) produced samples with more distinct characteristics for most properties. Cooked rice hardness and stickiness exhibited not only significant main effects but also significant two‐ and three‐factor interactions.
Consecutive Fecal Calprotectin Measurements to Predict Relapse in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Receiving Infliximab Maintenance Therapy (2013)

Fecal calprotectin can be used in daily practice to monitor patients with UC receiving infliximab maintenance therapy. Two consecutive measurements >300 mg/kg is more specific than a single measurement for predicting relapse.
Crosslinking reactions of ethylene vinyl silane copolymers at processing temperatures (1991)

Abstract The crosslinking reactions of ethylene vinyltrimethoxy silane (EVS) copolymers at processing temperatures have been studied. Samples were heated in inert atmosphere with or without water at 130–350°C. The crosslinking reactions were followed by determination of the gel content and by analyzing the structural changes using FT‐IR. As expected, no gel could be observed in pure EVS after treatment in nitrogen, whereas 30% was obtained if the nitrogen was presaturated with water. Addition of a catalyst, dibutyltindilaurate, increased the reaction rate considerably and a final gel content of 70–75% was obtained above 300°C. In contrast, neither water nor catalyst was needed for the formation of gel in a terpolymer of EVS containing butylacrylate as well. During heat treatment the acrylate units formed carboxylic acid, and blends of EVS and an ethylene acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer were therefore used as a model to study the reactions in detail. Despite absence of water these blends started to form gel at low temperatures, 150–200°C. This could mainly be related to internal production of water due to reaction between carboxylic groups leading to anhydride. Both cyclic and noncyclic anhydrides were detected by FT‐IR analysis. A larger amount of EAA in the EVS–EAA blend increased the rate of gel formation and decreased the onset temperature, but no corresponding change in the formation of noncyclic anhydride was observed. Another kind of crosslink, formed by reaction between carboxylic acid and silanol groups, can possibly be one explanation to this behavior.
Experimental approach of the electromagnetic effects in vivo due to the solitary-waves radiated by a confined plasma antenna (2007)

A confined plasma column antenna is able to produce electromagnetic solitary-waves from an ionic discharge. An electromagnetic field radiation is effective outside because the ionic discharge acts as a very small dipole antenna. These no dispersive waves are called owing to the slow speed of the argon ions .The soliton's theoretical magnitude has been expressed in terms of the Landau length, the mean distance between the two argon ions ,and the Debye screening length of the plasma. (5 pages)
Spasticity management in the child with spastic quadriplegia (2001)

In children with spastic quadriplegia, also described as 'whole body involvement', spasticity can interfere with motor function, contributes to the development of deformities and adversely impacts on care, positioning, and comfort. In this population, spasticity interventions address goals such as improving comfort, reducing pain, easing the burden of carers, slowing the progression of musculoskeletal deformities and perhaps improving function. Children with severe diplegia are distinguished from those with quadriplegia by their ability to ambulate, as well as by a greater emphasis being placed on functional motor goals even though similar treatment modalities are often employed to manage spasticity. The many treatment options currently available include, but are not limited to, botulinum toxin type A, phenol neurolysis, oral medications, intrathecal baclofen, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and orthopaedic surgery. The integration of these treatment modalities can help to optimize the overall care and function for a child with spastic quadriplegia or severe diplegia. However, the development of a management programme is complex and needs to take into account many factors, including age, weight and nutritional status, rate of progression of musculoskeletal deformities, developmental potential, comorbid conditions, current functional status and prognosis, and family and patient treatment goals. Children with marked spasticity are likely to benefit from a combination of interventions, rather than a single treatment modality. Because of these complexities, management should be planned and coordinated by a multidisciplinary team of medical and allied health professionals which recognizes the central role of the family in all decisions. Once the special characteristics of the child with spastic quadriplegia and the various treatment options are understood, outcomes can be maximized.
Prolonged Alzheimer-like Tau Hyperphosphorylation Induced by Simultaneous Inhibition of Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase and Protein Kinase C in N2a cells (2005)

Co-injection of wortmannin (inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, PI3K) and GF109203X (inhibitor of protein kinase C, PKC) into the rat brain was found to induce spatial memory deficiency and enhance tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of rat brain. To establish a cell model with durative Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation in this study, we treated N2a neuroblastoma cells with wortmannin and GF109203X separately and simultaneously, and measured the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity by gamma-32P-labeling and the level of tau phosphorylation by Western blotting. It was found that the application of wortmannin alone only transitorily increased the activity of GSK-3 (about 1 h) and the level of tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396/Ser404 and Ser199/Ser202 sites (no longer than 3 h); however, a prolonged and intense activation of GSK-3 (over 12 h) and enhanced tau hyperphosphorylation (about 24 h) were observed when these two selective kinase inhibitors were applied together. We conclude that the simultaneous inhibition of PI3K and PKC can induce GSK-3 overactivation, and further strengthen and prolong the Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation in N2a cells, suggesting the establishment of a cell model with early pathological events of Alzheimer's disease.
Sterically Controlled Recognition of Macromolecular Sequence Information by Molecular Tweezers (2007)

Sequence-specific binding is demonstrated between pyrene-based tweezer molecules and soluble, high molar mass copolyimides. The binding involves complementary pi-pi stacking interactions, polymer chain-folding, and hydrogen bonding and is extremely sensitive to the steric environment around the pyromellitimide binding-site. A detailed picture of the intermolecular interactions involved has been obtained through single-crystal X-ray studies of tweezer complexes with model diimides. Ring-current magnetic shielding of polyimide protons by the pyrene "arms" of the tweezer molecule induces large complexation shifts of the corresponding 1H NMR resonances, enabling specific triplet sequences to be identified by their complexation shifts. Extended comonomer sequences (triplets of triplets in which the monomer residues differ only by the presence or absence of a methyl group) can be "read" by a mechanism which involves multiple binding of tweezer molecules to adjacent diimide residues within the copolymer chain. The adjacent-binding model for sequence recognition has been validated by two conceptually different sets of tweezer binding experiments. One approach compares sequence-recognition events for copolyimides having either restricted or unrestricted triple-triplet sequences, and the other makes use of copolymers containing both strongly binding and completely nonbinding diimide residues. In all cases the nature and relative proportions of triple-triplet sequences predicted by the adjacent-binding model are fully consistent with the observed 1H NMR data.
Empirical Parameters of the Polarity of Solvents (1965)

Abstract The empirical parameters of the polarity of solvents which have been determined recently are reviewed: Y‐values (Winstein, Grunwald), X‐values (Gielen, Nasielski), Ω‐values (Berson, Hamlet, Mueller), Z‐values (Kosower), E T ‐values (Dimroth, Reichardt, Siepmann, Bohlmann), R‐ and S‐values (Brownstein). Their field of application and interrelationships are discussed. The theoretical principles of the solvent effect on the reaction rate and light absorption of organic compounds are briefly described, and mention is made of attempts to correlate the physical characteristics of the solvent with the empirical parameters.
3D fast fault restoration (2006)

Faults in the crust of the earth cut through the sedimentary strata and offsets them. Consequently, the seismic features in a 3D seismic dataset are also often broken at faults. 3D fault restoration involves removing the offset of seismic features in a 3D volume in order to facilitate the study of faulting sequences and to analyze pre‐faulting depositional environments. In this paper, we formulate the restoration problem using elasticity theory, and we solve the problem using the boundary element method. As is well known, the formulation using elasticity theory ensures that the strain energy involved in deformation under a given loading condition has been minimal. Consequently, the proposed formulation presented here guarantees minimum distortion of seismic characteristics due to the restoration. The numerical method employed in our solution provides the necessary speed for this technology so that it can be used in a 3D interactive interpretation environment.
An advanced dataflow processor architecture based on a multiple input node concept (2002)

A novel dataflow concept, multiple input node, is introduced to overcome the performance and efficiency degradation problems that exist in the current dataflow computation models. Multiple input node is a new computation code which has 4 inputs; hence it can accept up to 4 token packets at a time. The unique architecture of the multiple input node reduces the number of token packets in the system and therefore increases performance. Also introduced is a newly designed dataflow processor architecture, multiple input node dataflow processor, which utilizes the multiple input node concept. The processor also has RISC (reduced instruction set computer) based design, a 4-stage pipeline architecture, a peak performance of 60 MIPS, and a direct matching scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real Time Localization and 3D Reconstruction (2006)

In this paper we describe a method that estimates the motion of a calibrated camera (settled on an experimental vehicle) and the tridimensional geometry of the environment. The only data used is a video input. In fact, interest points are tracked and matched between frames at video rate. Robust estimates of the camera motion are computed in real-time, key-frames are selected and permit the features 3D reconstruction. The algorithm is particularly appropriate to the reconstruction of long images sequences thanks to the introduction of a fast and local bundle adjustment method that ensures both good accuracy and consistency of the estimated camera poses along the sequence. It also largely reduces computational complexity compared to a global bundle adjustment. Experiments on real data were carried out to evaluate speed and robustness of the method for a sequence of about one kilometer long. Results are also compared to the ground truth measured with a differential GPS.
Sensory responses of human skin to synthetic histamine analogues and histamine. (1980)

The potential for itch production in human skin of the synthetic analogues of histamine, 2-methyl histamine (an H1-receptor agonist) and 4-methyl histamine and dimaprit (H2-receptor agonists) has been studied in vivo and compared with histamine. Itch thresholds for 2-methyl histamine were consistently much higher than for histamine (P < 0.001). The H1-receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine raised the itch thresholds to 2-methyl histamine and histamine significantly (P < 0.001). Pruritus was not obtained with either 4-methyl histamine or dimaprit. No evidence of synergism between 2-methyl histamine and either 4-methyl histamine or dimaprit was found. The results suggest that histamine-induced pruritus is mediated in part through the H1-receptor and in part via an additional (but probably non-H2) mechanism.
Laplacian PCA and Its Applications (2007)

Dimensionality reduction plays a fundamental role in data processing, for which principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used. In this paper, we develop the Laplacian PCA (LPCA) algorithm which is the extension of PCA to a more general form by locally optimizing the weighted scatter. In addition to the simplicity of PCA, the benefits brought by LPCA are twofold: the strong robustness against noise and the weak metric-dependence on sample spaces. The LPCA algorithm is based on the global alignment of locally Gaussian or linear subspaces via an alignment technique borrowed from manifold learning. Based on the coding length of local samples, the weights can be determined to capture the local principal structure of data. We also give the exemplary application of LPCA to manifold learning. Manifold unfolding (non-linear dimensionality reduction) can be performed by the alignment of tangential maps which are linear transformations of tangent coordinates approximated by LPCA. The superiority of LPCA to PCA and kernel PCA is verified by the experiments on face recognition (FRGC version 2 face database) and manifold (Scherk surface) unfolding.
Optical probing of sample heating in scanning near-field experiments with apertured probes (2004)

We have used the inherent thermochromism of conjugated polymers to investigate substrate heating effects in scanning near-field experiments with metal-coated “apertured” probes. Chemically etched and pulled fibers were used to provide near-field excitation of fully converted films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene), PPV, and of poly(4,4′-diphenylene diphenylvinylene). We detect no significant blueshift of the photoluminescence spectra generated with near-field excitation, in comparison to those collected with far-field excitation. We conclude that polymer heating in the region contributing to the luminescence is less than 40K. We also demonstrate that thermolithography of the PPV precursor is not significant by comparing UV (325nm) and red (670nm) illumination.
Co-induction of beta-galactosidase and the lactose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans (1978)

The addition of lactose, galactose, or isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to glucose-grown cells of Streptococcus salivarius 25975 resulted in the co-induction of both the lactose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (lactose-PTS) and beta-galactosidase, with the latter the predominant metabolic system. With various strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis 10556, on the other hand, the lactose-PTS was the major metabolic pathway with beta-galactosidase induced either to low or negligible levels. In all cases, induction of the lactose-PTS resulted in the concomitant induction of 6-P-beta-galactosidase. The induction by lactose of both the lactose-PTS and beta-galactosidase in all strains was repressed by glucose and other catabolites, notably, fructose. Induction of beta-galactosidase in S. salivarius 25975 by IPTG was, however, relatively resistant to glucose repression. Induction experiments with IPTG and lactose suggested that a cellular metabolite of lactose metabolism was a repressor of enzyme activity. Exogenous cAMP was shown to reverse the transient repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase induction in cells of S. salivarius 25975 receiving lactose, provided the cells were grown with small amounts of toluene to overcome the permeability barrier to this nucleotide, cAMP, was however, unable to overcome the permanent repression of beta-galactosidase activity to a significant extent under these conditions.
Shape Memory Alloys, Types and Functionalities (2002)

Abstract Many systems exhibit martensitic transformation. Generally, they are subdivided into ferrous and nonferrous martensites. A classification of the nonferrous martensites is given, and ferrous alloys that exhibit a shape‐memory effect are reviewed. Of the systems mentioned, only one system became industrially successful: Ni‐Ti(X,Y) in which X,Y are elements that replace Ni or Ti. Besides the Ni‐Ti system, a lot of attention had been given in earlier times to Cu‐based alloys and to Fe–Mn–Si alloys. Furthermore, in recent years, special attention has been given to high‐temperature shape‐memory alloys (HTSMA). The aim of this article is mainly an introduction to industrially applicable shape‐memory alloys; the following alloy systems are reviewed: Fe‐based alloys Cu‐based alloys NiTi alloys HTSMA other systems
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE REVERSAL OF HYPOVOLEMIA WITH INTRAVENOUS FAT EMULSION. REP 595. (1963)

Abstract : Preliminary data indicate that intravenous administration of commercial fat emulsions containing 15% cottonseed oil following experimental hypovolemia in dogs, may have a potentiating effect on recovery. This effect may be related to the caloric content of the emulsion preparations. (Author)
Use of Phase Change Material in a Building Wall Assembly: A Case Study of Technical Potential in Two Climates (2012)

Phase change material (PCM), placed in an exterior wall, alters the temperature profile within the wall and thus influences the heat transport through the wall. This may reduce the net energy transport through the wall via interactions with diurnal temperature swings in the external environment or reduce the electricity needed to meet the net load through the wall by shifting the time of the peak load to a time when the cooling system operates more efficiently. This study covers a broad range of parameters that can influence the effectiveness of such a merged thermal storage-thermal insulation system. These parameters included climate, PCM location within the wall, amount of PCM, midpoint of the PCM melting and freezing range relative to the indoor setpoint temperature, temperature range over which phase change occurs, and the wall orientation. Two climates are investigated using finite difference and optimization analyses: Phoenix and Baltimore, with two utility rate schedules. Although potential savings for a PCM with optimized properties were greater when the PCM was concentrated near the inside wall surface, other considerations described here lead to a recommendation for a full-thickness application. An examination of the temperature distribution within the walls also revealed the potential for this system to reduce the amount of energy transported through the wall framing. Finally, economic benefits can exceed energy savings when time-of-day utility rates are in effect, reflecting the value of peak load reductions for the utility grid.
Chronic diarrhea associated with persistent norovirus excretion in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of two cases (2011)

We describe the first cases of advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia to suffer from chronic symptomatic norovirus infection. Clinicians caring for such patients, particularly those with concomitant hypogammaglobulinema, who have chronic unexplained diarrhea, should consider norovirus infection in the differential diagnosis.
RefactorPad (2013)

Despite widespread use of touch-enabled devices, the field of software development has only slowly adopted new interaction methods for available tools. In this paper, we present our research on RefactorPad, a code editor for editing and restructuring source code on touchscreens. Since entering and modifying code with on-screen keyboards is time-consuming, we have developed a set of gestures that take program syntax into account and support common maintenance tasks on devices such as tablets. This work presents three main contributions: 1) a test setup that enables researchers and participants to collaboratively walk through code examples in real-time; 2) the results of a user study on editing source code with both finger and pen gestures; 3) a list of operations and some design guidelines for creators of code editors or software development environments who wish to optimize their tools for touchscreens.
The Regulatory Effects of Lateral Hypothalamus Area GABAB Receptor on Gastric Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats (2017)

<b>HIGHLIGHTS</b> The aim of the research was to determine the functional effects and molecular mechanisms of GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor on ischemia reperfusion-induced gastric injury in rats.The lateral hypothalamus area GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor attenuated the ischemia reperfusion-induced gastric injury by up-regulating the production of GABA, GABA<sub>B</sub>R, and down-regulating <i>P-</i>GABA<sub>B</sub>R in the brain.This work would provide a new therapeutic strategy for acute gastric injury. Gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) injury progression is largely associated with excessive activation of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN). This study aims to investigate the protective effects of GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>B</sub>R) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) on GI-R injury. A model of GI-R injury was established by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min and then reperfusion for 1 h. The coordinate of FN and LHA was identified in Stereotaxic Coordinates and then the <i>L-</i>Glu was microinjected into FN, GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor agonist baclofen, or GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonist CGP35348 was microinjected into the LHA, finally the GI-R model was prepared. The expression of GABA<sub>B</sub>R, <i>P</i>-GABA<sub>B</sub>R, NOX2, NOX4, and SOD in the LHA was detected by western blot, PCR, and RT-PCR. The expression of IL-1β, NOX2, and NXO4 in gastric mucosa was detected by western blot. We found that microinjection of <i>L-</i>Glu into the FN or GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor agonist (baclofen) into the LHA attenuated GI-R injury. Pretreatment with GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonist CGP35348 reversed the protective effects of FN stimulation or baclofen into the LHA. Microinjection of baclofen into the LHA obviously reduced the expression of inflammatory factor IL-1β, NOX2, and NOX4 in the gastric mucosa. <b>Conclusion:</b> The protective effects of microinjection of GABA<sub>B</sub>R agonist into LHA on GI-R injury in rats could be mediated by up-regulating the production of GABA, GABA<sub>B</sub>R, and down-regulating <i>P</i>-GABA<sub>B</sub>R in the LHA.