gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of heat shock (stress) genes in the mammalian brain by hyperthermia and other traumatic events: A current perspective (1990)

Is the heat shock response physiologically relevant? For example, following hyperthermia or ischemia, what neural cell types show induction of heat shock genes and what is the time course of the effect? Initial experiments in this area demonstrated the prominent induction of a 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) when labeled brain proteins isolated from hyperthermic animals were analyzed. Recently, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry have been utilized to map out the pattern of expression of both constitutively expressed and stress-inducible members of the hsp70 multigene family. Different types of neural trauma have been found to induce characteristic cellular responses in the mammalian brain with regard to the type of brain cell that responds by inducing hsp70 and the timing of the induction response. Fever-like temperature causes a dramatic induction of hsp70 mRNA within 1 hr in fiber tracts of the forebrain and cerebellum, a pattern consistent with a strong glial response to heat shock. Tissue injury, namely, a small surgical cut in the cerebral cortex, induces a rapid and highly localized induction of hsp70 mRNA in cells proximal to the injury site. Using an immunocytochemical approach, a neuronal pattern of induction of hsp70 has been demonstrated following ischemia or kainic acid-induced seizures. It is apparent that the pattern of induction of hsp70 may be a useful early marker of cellular injury and may identify previously unrecognized areas of vulnerability in the nervous system.
Modified Large Margin Nearest Neighbor Metric Learning for Regression (2014)

The main objective of this letter is to formulate a new approach of learning a Mahalanobis distance metric for nearest neighbor regression from a training sample set. We propose a modified version of the large margin nearest neighbor metric learning method to deal with regression problems. As an application, the prediction of post-operative trunk 3-D shapes in scoliosis surgery using nearest neighbor regression is described. Accuracy of the proposed method is quantitatively evaluated through experiments on real medical data.
<i>In vitro</i> biocompatibility and cellular interactions of a chitosan/dextran‐based hydrogel for postsurgical adhesion prevention (2014)

In this paper, we report the in vitro biocompatibility and cellular interactions of a chitosan/dextran-based (CD) hydrogel and its components as determined by mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, cytokine/chemokine response, and wound healing assays. The CD hydrogel, developed for postsurgical adhesion prevention in ear, nose, and throat surgeries, was shown by previously published experiments in animal and human trials to be effective. The hydrogel was synthesized from the reaction between succinyl chitosan (SC) and oxidized dextran (DA). Cytotoxicity was assessed in an xCELLigence system and cytokine/chemokine responses were measured by ELISA in human macrophage, nasopharyngeal epithelial, and dermal fibroblast cells. A wound healing model utilized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. CD hydrogel and DA were nonmutagenic in the Ames test. CD hydrogel showed moderate cytotoxicity for the cell lines, DA being the cytotoxic component. Some inhibition of wound healing occurred due to the cytotoxic nature of DA. Cells cultured with CD hydrogel showed no increase in TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8 levels. It is hypothesized that the cytotoxicity of DA is moderated when reacted with SC and that CD hydrogel inhibits unwanted fibroblastic invasion preventing scarring and adhesions. Together with the previously published human and animal trial data, the results indicate CD hydrogel is biocompatible in the setting of endoscopic sinus surgery. This work represents the first study of CD hydrogel with human cell lines and provides essential information for its future application in biomedicine.
Mehr Stabilität und soziale Sicherheit: Stellung der Leiharbeitnehmer verbessern (2011)

Das IAB äußert sich in dieser Stellungnahme zu zwei Gesetzentwürfen zur Arbeitnehmerüberlassung. Der Gesetzesentwurf der Bundesregierung zielt darauf ab, Missbrauch zu verhindern und die Leiharbeitsrichtlinie des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates umzusetzen. Der Gesetzesentwurf der Fraktion Die Linke sieht eine strikte Regulierung der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung vor. Das IAB nimmt außerdem zu einem Änderungsantrag der Fraktionen der CDU/CSU und der FDP zur Einführung einer Lohnuntergrenze Stellung. Aus der Sicht des IAB will die Bundesregierung mit ihren Vorschlägen dazu beitragen, dass die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung funktionsgerecht eingesetzt wird und an Reputation gewinnt. Die Einführung von Lohnuntergrenzen würde die Stellung der Leiharbeitnehmer verbessern. Weitere Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung der Beschäftigungssituation von Leiharbeitnehmern sind in erster Linie in den Bereichen Equal Pay und Equal Treatment zu sehen. Beim Equal Pay stellt das IAB als Alternative zum Status Quo ein Stufenmodell zur Diskussion. Eine schrittweise Anpassung der Löhne würde den Anreiz für Leiharbeitsfirmen, ihre Arbeitnehmer zum Zeitpunkt des Inkrafttretens der Lohnanpassung auszutauschen beziehungsweise zu entlassen, deutlich verringern. Dadurch würden nicht nur Leiharbeitnehmer über die Zeit deutlich besser gestellt, sondern es würde für die Entleiher auch der Anreiz vermindert, anstelle von Stammbeschäftigten dauerhaft Leiharbeitnehmer zu beschäftigen. Darüber hinaus würde Arbeitslosen der Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt nicht übermäßig erschwert. Die Vorschläge der Fraktion Die Linke gehen aus Sicht des IAB insgesamt gesehen zu weit, da die Zeitarbeitsbranche wieder relativ strikt reguliert würde. Einzelne Vorschläge wie die Wiedereinführung des Synchronisationsverbots können zwar isoliert betrachtet die Stabilität der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in der Arbeitnehmerüberlassung stärken. Sie würden aber möglicherweise durch Ausweichstrategien umgangen. Zudem ist auch hier zu bedenken, dass gerade Arbeitslosen der Einstieg in Beschäftigung nicht erschwert werden sollte.
Inovasi Olahan Tulang Dan Kepala Ikan Lele Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Ikan Lele Berbasis Zero Waste (2021)

Kandungan gizi pada ikan lele pun sangat tinggi protein dan berbagai kebutuhan gizi lainnya. Lele utuh mengandung 12,82% protein, 3,70% lemak, 2,70% abu, 2,60% karbohidrat, dan 5,59% kalsium. Tingginya kandungan gizi pada ikan lele dapat membantu pertumbuhan untuk balita sebagai upaya pengentasan gizi Kurang di Kelurahan Rawa Badak Selatan, Kecamatan Koja, jakarta Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji Inovasi olahan tulang dan kepala lele sebagai upaya mengurangi dampak negatif bagi lingkungan dan efektivitas program diukur melalui dampak yang diberikan secara sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kegiatan pengolahan limbah ikan lele menjadi olahan pangan memiliki potensi mengurangi dampak emisi yang dihasilkan dari limbah tulang dan kulit ikan khususnya terhadap emisi CH4 dan CO2 sebesar 0,0073 ton CO2eq/tahun.  Secara ekonomi program juga memberikan manfaat terhadap peningkatan pendapatan kelompok sebesar Rp. 810.000,-/bulan atau Rp 9.720.000,- /tahun. Kegiatan produksi olahan keripik dari tulang dan kepala lele ini juga turut berkontribusi memberikan tambahan pendapatan sebesar Rp 162.000,-/orang/bulan kepada 5 orang kader posyandu dan ibu balita bawah garis merah (BGM) yang terlibat dalam proses produksi. Sementara itu, dilihat dari aspek kesehatannya program ini berhasil menurunkan angka balita BGM di Kelurahan tersebut.
Kata Kunci: ikan lele, gizi kurang, BGM, emisi CH4,
Control and design of average particle size in styrene suspension polymerizations using NIRS (2000)

In a previous paper, Santos et al. (J Appl Polym Sci 1998, 20, 1737) showed that NIRS may be used efficiently for in-line evaluation of average particle sizes in styrene suspension polymerizations if proper calibration is carried out with the help of both multivariate techniques and nonlinear models. In the present work, the technique presented by Santos et al. was used for in-line evaluation and for control and design of average particle sizes during styrene suspension polymerizations carried out in the batch mode. The effects of agitation speed and stabilizer concentration on the particle-size Distribution (PSD) were investigated. It is shown here that this technique allows the successful design and real-time control of particle sizes in lab-scale styrene suspension polymerization reactors. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 453–462, 2000
Mechanistic Studies of the Dual Phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (1997)

Previous work on the responses of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade components in a Xenopus oocyte extract system demonstrated that p42 MAP kinase (MAPK) exhibits a sharp, sigmoidal stimulus/response curve, rather than a more typical hyperbolic curve. One plausible explanation for this behavior requires the assumption that MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) carries out its dual phosphorylation of p42 MAPK by a distributive mechanism, where MAPKK dissociates from MAPK between the first and second phosphorylations, rather than a processive mechanism, where MAPKK carries out both phosphorylations before dissociating. Here we have investigated the mechanism through which a constitutively active form of human MAPKK-1 (denoted MAPKK-1 R4F or MAPKK-1*) phosphorylates Xenopus p42 MAPK in vitro. We found that the amount of monophosphorylated MAPK formed during the phosphorylation reaction exceeded the amount of MAPKK-1* present, which would not be possible if the phosphorylation occurred exclusively by a processive mechanism. The monophosphorylated MAPK was phosphorylated predominantly on tyrosine, but a small proportion was phosphorylated on threonine, indicating that the first phosphorylation is usually, but not invariably, the tyrosine phosphorylation. We also found that the rate at which pulse-labeled monophosphorylated MAPK became bisphosphorylated depended on the MAPKK-1* concentration, behavior that is predicted by the distributive model but incompatible with the processive model. These findings indicate that MAPKK-1* phosphorylates p42 MAPK by a two-collision, distributive mechanism rather than a single-collision, processive mechanism, and provide a mechanistic basis for understanding how MAP kinase can convert graded inputs into switch-like outputs.
Preparation of Porous Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid) Honeycomb Monolith Structure by Phase Separation and Unidirectional Freezing (2009)

A honeycomb monolith structure with micro/nanoscale porous walls was successfully fabricated in poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) by integrating polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer phase separations induced during a pseudosteady-state unidirectional freezing process. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PLLA were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane to prepare a single phase polymer solution. The direction of freezing created a honeycomb monolith structure of PLLA/PEG polymers. Crystallization of the solvent reduced the solvent concentration and induced liquid-liquid phase separation during the unidirectional freezing. A sea-and-island morphology, where PEG domains were dispersed in the PLLA matrix, was developed, and pores were created in the channel walls of the honeycomb monolith structure by leaching out the PEG domain. The effects of the PEG molecular weight and the PLLA/PEG weight ratio on the aligned honeycomb structure and the pores in the channel walls were investigated. A ternary phase diagram for PLLA, PEG, and 1,4-dioxane was created from cloud point temperature measurements. Based on this phase diagram, hypotheses for the mechanism of the cellular-dendritic transition and the formation mechanism of the pores in the channel walls are proposed.
Ultra-wideband Microwave Ablation Therapy (UMAT) (2013)

We propose an alternative microwave ablation therapy, Ultra-wideband Microwave Ablation Therapy (UMAT), that can potentially be used for the treatment of various cancers including liver, kidney, breast, lung, and bone. The technology relies on extremely small size ultra-wideband antennas that can deliver power to the tissue with more than 90% power transmission efficiency from beginning to the end of the ablation procedure. The resulting ablation technology is far superior to the existing microwave ablation therapies in terms of power usage, ablation time and zones. In order to validate the system, we provide ex vivo animal experiments.
Potential role of bromelain in clinical and therapeutic applications (2016)

Pineapple has been used as part of traditional folk medicine since ancient times and it continues to be present in various herbal preparations. Bromelain is a complex mixture of protease extracted from the fruit or stem of the pineapple plant. Although the complete molecular mechanism of action of bromelain has not been completely identified, bromelain gained universal acceptability as a phytotherapeutic agent due to its history of safe use and lack of side effects. Bromelain is widely administered for its well-recognized properties, such as its anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic affects, anticancer activity and immunomodulatory effects, in addition to being a wound healing and circulatory improvement agent. The current review describes the promising clinical applications and therapeutic properties of bromelain.
Protection and employment: a macroeconomic approach (1972)

A Macroeconomic growth model is set forth to distinguish among\nKeynesian, Marxian and balance of payments constrained unemployment,\nas well as to clarify the roles of productivity growth, factor substitution\nand structural disequilibrium in affecting the growth of employment.\nThe model is then used to assess the effects on employment of the\ntypical kind of protection system found in less developed countries.\nProtection of this sort is found to be inimical to the growth of employment\nbecause of adverse influences on productivity, factor proportions,\nsaving and the balance of payments.
The Application of Ion Beam Mixing, Doped Silicide, and Rapid Thermal Processing to Self‐Aligned Silicide Technology (1990)

In this paper we have developed a SALICIDE process for CMOS applications using ion beam mixing for silicide formation and doped silicide in conjunction with RTA drive‐in for shallow silicided junction formation, and have investigated the fundamental issues related to this process. Specifically, we have studied (i) the effects of ion beam mixing and RTA on the properties of Ti SALICIDE and the interaction between Ti and ; (ii) the self‐aligned formation and phase transformation; (iii) the mechanism of impurity redistribution and segregation, and junction formation during RTA drive‐in; and (iv) the performances and reliability of fabricated SALICIDE devices. Results show that this process may have a great impact on future VLSI technology.
Analysis of Skin-Electrode Impedance Using Concentric Ring Electrode (2006)

A significant contributor to artefact generation in surface electromyography (sEMG) and, functional electrical stimulation (FES) intensity is the skin-to-electrode impedance (Z(S/E)). While using electrolytic gels may initially lower Z(S/E), the impedance may not remain stable. It can vary over time due to changes in underlying structures such as sweat glands and physical deformations due to movements. An experiment seeking to identify major factors in the reduction of Z(S/E), and therefore mitigate these artefacts, was performed by varying a series of control factors on the concentric ring electrode (CRE). Unlike conventional disc electrodes, CREs have small surface areas which may exacerbate Z(S/E) changes. The factors tested were electrode material, electrode size, skin preparation, and surface pressure. This work analyzes how these factors in their various combinations effect changes in Z(S/E) and suggests protocols for improving recording or stimulation with CREs via lowered and consistent Z(S/E).
Highly Enantioselective Alkynylation of <i>α</i>-Keto Ester:  An Efficient Method for Constructing a Chiral Tertiary Carbon Center (2002)

The asymmetric addition of terminal alkynes to alpha-keto ester was carried out using a catalytic amount of (1S,2S)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxyl)-2-N,N-(dimethylamino)-1-(p-nitrophenyl)-propane-1-ol in the presence of Zn(OTf)(2) to give the corresponding tertiary propargylic alcohols in high yields with up to 94% ee. N-Methylephedrine and Zn(OSO(2)CHF(2))(2) were also examined in this reaction. [reaction: see text]
An example of the effects of drug resistance on the optimal schedule for a single drug in cancer chemotherapy (1995)

In this paper the authors study the effects of drug resistance on the optimal drug schedule of a single drug in cancer chemotherapy. The optimal schedule is analytically determined when the tumour grows exponentially and the drug has a linear killing action. Drug resistance enters into the model via an effectiveness term that decreases the cell loss as the accumulation of the drug grows. It is found that the optimal schedule is one where the drug is given at its maximum feasible dose from the onset, with some difference at the end of treatment depending on the relative speeds with which resistance develops.
The effects of doxepin HCl on sleep and depression. (1982)

The effects of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin) on sleep and depression were evaluated in nine depressed patients with documented sleep difficulties. All subjects were screened for depression on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale. Sleep disturbance was measured by all-night polysomnography. Doxepin in doses of 75 and 150 mg/day significantly improved sleep efficiency, as evidenced by decreased sleep latency and increased total sleep time. After 2 weeks of treatment, REM latency and percent REM time were dramatically changed. Maximal improvement in depression occurred after 2 weeks of doxepin therapy and at the 150 mg dose.
Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Imines Bearing Stereogenic N-Substituents. Stereochemical Models Explaining the 1,3-Asymmetric Induction (2002)

The addition of organometallic reagents to imines bearing stereogenic N-substituents was investigated by ourselves and many other groups. From the results of these studies it appears that the sense of asymmetric induction and the degree of diastereoselectivity are affected by the structure of the imine (derived from mono- or bidentate aldehyde and/or amine), the nature of the organometallic reagent RMLn (the metal and its ligands, the structure of R, the degree of association), the presence of Lewis acids, and the solvent. The reaction pathways and the stereochemical models so far proposed are critically discussed and new ones are presented.
The Motivation to Work (2017)

Quality work that fosters job satisfaction and health enjoys top priority in industry all over the world. This was not always so. Until recently analysis of job attitudes focused primarily on human relations problems within organizations. While American industry was trying to solve the unsolvable problem of avoiding interpersonal dissatisfaction, problems with the potential for solution, such as training and quality production, were ignored. When first published, 'The Motivation to Work' challenged the received wisdom by showing that worker fulfillment came from achievement and growth within the job itself. In his new introduction, Herzberg examines thirty years of motivational research in job-related areas. Based on workers' accounts of real events that have made them feel good or bad on the job, the findings of Herzberg and his colleagues have stimulated research and controversy that continue to the present day. The authors surprisingly found that while a poor work environment generated discontent, improved conditions seldom brought about improved attitudes. Instead, satisfaction came most often from factors intrinsic to work: achievements, job recognition, and work that was challenging, interesting, and responsible. The evidence marshaled by this volume called into question many previous assumptions about job satisfaction and worker motivation. Feelings about intrinsic and extrinsic factors could not be validly averaged on a single scale of measurement. Motivation and performance are not merely dependent upon environmental needs and external rewards. Frederick Herzberg and his staff based their motivation—hygiene theory on a variety of human needs and applied it to a strategy of job enrichment that has widely influenced motivation and job design strategies. 'Motivation to Work' is a landmark volume that is of enduring interest to sociologists, psychologists, labor studies specialists, and organization analysts.
Equivalent Waveform Propagation for Static Timing Analysis (2003)

This paper proposes a scheme that captures diverse input waveforms of CMOS gates for static timing analysis. Conventionally the latest arrival time and transition time are calculated from the timings when a transient waveform goes across pre-determined reference voltages. However, this method cannot accurately consider the impact of waveform shape on gate delay, when crosstalk-induced non-monotonic waveforms or inductance-dominant step-wise waveforms are injected. We propose a new timing analysis scheme called waveform propagation. The proposed scheme calculates the equivalent waveform that makes the output waveform close to the actual waveform, and uses the equivalent waveform for timing calculation. The proposed scheme can cope with various waveforms affected by resistive shielding, crosstalk noise, wire inductance etc. In this paper, we devise a method to calculate equivalent waveform. The proposed calculation method is compatible with conventional methods in gate delay library and characterization, and hence our method is easy to be implemented with conventional static timing analysis tools.
Incidence of anti-brain antibodies in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder (2005)

Our findings support the hypothesis that central nervous system autoimmunity may have a role in a significant subgroup of cases of OCD. Further study is required to examine whether the antibodies concerned are pathogenic.
The case for an all Digital military satellite communications Earth terminal (2009)

This paper considers the case for using a ¿digital IF¿ (intermediate format) as an alternative to conventional analog IF (intermediate frequency) for distributing satellite uplink and downlink signals within modern high-capacity military satellite communications Earth terminals. ¿Digital IF¿ is defined as a purely digital format enabled by digital I & Q (in-phase and quadrature) sampling for the conversion of signals to and from their native RF media. Digital IF is suitable for the deconstruction, transport and reconstruction of RF waveforms in general and of RF modulation waveforms in particular. This paper first considers conventional Earth terminal architectures, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses by evaluating them against a set of common merit criteria. This paper continues by introducing fundamental digital IF concepts necessary for understanding the configuration, features and value of the most advantageous digital IF terminal architecture. A high level digital IF terminal architecture is then presented, with a description of its relevant features and an analysis against the same common merit criteria. Digital IF, if done properly, is shown capable of cost-effectively meeting today's Earth terminal design challenges such as EIRP noise, scalability, terminal control and terminal testing. Digital IF lends itself to performance improvements over conventional analog IF systems throughout the transmit and receive signal chains. Digital IF also lends itself to COTS implementation with existing technology. All this is presently possible while also reducing cost and complexity in all phases of terminal life cycle, from design and development to setup, operations and maintenance.