gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV Resonance Raman Spectra of Ligand Binding Intermediates of Sol-Gel Encapsulated Hemoglobin (1999)

We report for the first time specific conformational changes for a homogeneous population of ligand-bound adult deoxy human hemoglobin A (HbA) generated by introducing CO into a sample of deoxy-HbA with the effector, inositol hexaphosphate, encapsulated in a porous sol-gel. The preparation of ligand-bound deoxy-HbA results from the speed of ligand diffusion relative to globin conformational dynamics within the sol-gel (1). The ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) difference spectra obtained reveal that E helix motion is initiated upon ligand binding, as signaled by the appearance of an alpha14beta15 Trp W3 band difference at 1559 cm(-1). The subsequent appearance of Tyr (Y8a and Y9a) and W3 (1549 cm(-1)) UVRR difference bands suggest conformational shifts for the penultimate Tyralpha140 on the F helix, the "switch" region Tyralpha42, and the "hinge" region Trpbeta37. The UVRR results expose a sequence of conformational steps leading up to the ligation-induced T to R quaternary structure transition as opposed to a single, concerted switch. More generally, this report demonstrates that sol-gel encapsulation of proteins can be used to study a sequence of specific conformational events triggered by substrate binding because the traditional limitation of substrate diffusion times is overcome.
Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres (2015)

Despite intensive research, hydrogels currently available for tissue repair in the musculoskeletal system are unable to meet the mechanical, as well as the biological, requirements for successful outcomes. Here we reinforce soft hydrogels with highly organized, high-porosity microfibre networks that are 3D-printed with a technique termed as melt electrospinning writing. We show that the stiffness of the gel/scaffold composites increases synergistically (up to 54-fold), compared with hydrogels or microfibre scaffolds alone. Modelling affirms that reinforcement with defined microscale structures is applicable to numerous hydrogels. The stiffness and elasticity of the composites approach that of articular cartilage tissue. Human chondrocytes embedded in the composites are viable, retain their round morphology and are responsive to an in vitro physiological loading regime in terms of gene expression and matrix production. The current approach of reinforcing hydrogels with 3D-printed microfibres offers a fundament for producing tissue constructs with biological and mechanical compatibility.
Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (3Dpol) Is Sufficient for Template Switchingin Vitro (1999)

We have performed a systematic, quantitative analysis of the kinetics of nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 3Dpol. Homopolymeric primer/templates of defined length were used to evaluate the contribution of primer and template length and sequence to the efficiency of nucleotide incorporation without the complication of RNA structure. Interestingly, thermodynamic stability of the duplex region of these primer/templates was more important for efficient nucleotide incorporation than either primer or template length. Surprisingly, products greater than unit length formed in all reactions regardless of length or sequence. Neither a distributive nor a processive slippage mechanism could be used to explain completely the formation of long products. Rather, the data were consistent with a template-switching mechanism. All of the nucleotide could be polymerized during the course of the reaction. However, very few primers could be extended, suggesting an inverse correlation between the efficiency of primer utilization and that of nucleotide incorporation. Therefore, the greatest fraction of incorporated nucleotide derives from a small fraction of enzyme when radioactive nucleotide and homopolymeric primer/template substrates are employed. The impact of these results on mechanistic studies of 3Dpol-catalyzed nucleotide incorporation and RNA recombination are discussed.
The development of a new direct-heat-flux gauge for heat-transfer facilities (2000)

A new type of direct-heat-flux gauge (DHFG) comprising an insulating layer mounted on a metal substrate has been developed. The gauge measures the heat flux across the insulating layer by measuring the top surface temperature employing a sputtered thin-film gauge (TFG) and the metal temperature using a thermocouple. The TFGs are platinum temperature sensors with physical thickness less than 0.1 µm. They are instrumented on the insulating layer. The thermal properties and the ratio of the thickness over the thermal conductivity of the insulating layer have been calibrated. A detailed method of analysis for calculating the surface heat flux from DHFG temperature traces is presented. The advantages of the DHFG include its high accuracy, its wide range of frequency response (from dc to 100 kHz) and, most significantly, that there is no requirement for knowledge of the structure of the metal substrate. Since the metal substrate is of high conductivity, few thermocouples are required to monitor the small spatial variation of the metal temperature, whereas multiple thin-film gauges may be employed. The DHFGs have been applied to a gas turbine nozzle guide vane and tested in the Oxford Cold Heat Transfer Tunnel successfully.
An automated measurement system for cosite interference analysis (2010)

Cosite electromagnetic interference can be accurately simulated when measured data characterizing the broadband behavior of individual RF systems operating in the cosite environment is available. In this paper, a measurement system is presented that performs the broadband transmitter and receiver characterizations necessary for analyzing the cosite problem. An overview of the system is provided along with resulting measurements and observations from a validation exercise.
The chemical synthesis of a gene coding for bovine pancreatic DNase I and its cloning and expression in Escherichia coli. (1990)

A gene coding for bovine pancreatic DNase I has been constructed from synthetic oligonucleotides. This gene has been cloned into a plasmid vector pDOC55 designed to allow very tight control of expression of potentially lethal proteins. Induction of protein synthesis from the gene yielded a peptide of molecular weight of approximately 31,000, consistent with DNase I. The yield of this protein from the pDOC55 construct (pAW5) was approximately 150 micrograms/liter of cell culture. Attempts to clone the gene into a less tightly controlled expression vector based on the tac-promoter (pKK223-3) were unsuccessful, presumably due to the expected lethality of the product. Mutagenesis of the gene to replace the active site histidine (His-134) in the protein with glutamine yielded a gene readily clonable into both expression systems. Yields of the mutagenized protein were approximately 6 micrograms/liter from a pDOC55 system and 20 mg/liter from a pKK223-3 system. The activity of the proteins were assayed using the Kunitz procedure and their cleavage selectivities by digestion of the Escherichia coli tyr T promoter. The recombinant native enzyme had both the same specific activity and DNA cleavage selectivity as the protein isolated from bovine pancreas using these two assays. The H134Q mutant had a specific activity of about 0.001% of the native protein but had an unaltered DNA cleavage selectivity.
Field development of a desiccant-based space-conditioning system for supermarket applications. Annual report, February 1982-January 1983 (1983)

The use of gas-regenerated desiccant dehumidification systems to provide space-conditioning for supermarkets was investigated. A silica gel-based dehumidification system and related components were installed in a Jewel supermarket as an adjunct to the conventional vapor-compression air-conditioning system. Instrumentation was installed to monitor this hybrid system and to allow performance comparisons with the conventional vapor-compression system operating alone. Data collected were used to develop load models for the building and to correlate indoor and ambient conditions to the energy consumption by the air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The expected reduction in refrigeration energy consumption with decreasing store humidities was verified. The load models were used in conjunction with system characteristics to obtain cooling season cost projections for both systems operating under different conditions. Initial estimates indicate that payback periods of the hybrid system could be under 1 year.
From the Implementation to the Characterisation and Assembling of Microfabricated Optical Alcali Vapor Cell for MEMS Atomic Clocks (2007)

We describe the fabrication of miniature alkali atom vapor cells using silicon micromachining and anodic bonding. Such cells consist of cavities etched in silicon, with internal volumes of few mm. Original technique for introducing cesium into the cells is described: based on local heating of alkali dispenser. Cesium absorption and coherent population trapping resonances were measured in the cells.
An intermittent free-vibration MEMS gyroscope enabled by catch-and-release mechanism for low-power and fast-startup applications (2017)

This paper presents the first intermittent free-vibration MEMS gyroscope enabled by a “Catch-and-Release (CR)” drive mechanism, which realizes substantial power reduction and fast startup compared to existing stationary gyroscopes. In this architecture, the proof mass is captured at the maximum displacement position (catch-state), and then released to free vibration during which the Coriolis detection is performed (release-state). Thanks to the high quality factor (Q) of 72000, the released mass can be re-captured before attenuation. This CR mechanism enables instant startup and low power. The functionality and sensitivity (21.2 μV/dps) of a prototype CR gyroscope (CR-G) are confirmed by experiments.
The complexity of elastic fibre biogenesis in the skin – a perspective to the clinical heterogeneity of cutis laxa (2012)

Elastic fibres are critical connective tissue components providing elasticity and resilience to skin and other tissues. These fibres are composed of elastin and a number of elastin-associated microfibrillar proteins that assemble in a complex fibre network in a multi-step process. Multiple cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, specific molecules in the secretory pathways and temporally and spatially ordered production of elastic fibre components, are required for the biogenesis of functional elastic fibres. Abnormalities in these processes can lead to loss of functional elastic fibres manifesting phenotypically as a skin disease. The paradigm of elastic fibre diseases affecting the skin is cutis laxa, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by loose and sagging skin, frequently associated with extracutaneous manifestations in the lungs and the arterial blood vessels. The complexity of cutis laxa is emphasized by the fact that as many as 10 distinct genes can harbour mutations in this and related disorders. Understanding of the pathomechanistic pathways involved in perturbed elastic fibre assembly in cutis laxa provides information potentially helpful for the development of molecular strategies towards treatment of these, currently intractable, diseases.
Review: <i>Research on Southeast Asia: Problems and Suggestions</i>, by Robert Heine-Geldern (1947)

Book Review| January 29 1947 Review Research on Southeast Asia: Problems and SuggestionsRobert Heine-Geldern Fred Eggan Fred Eggan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1947) 16 (2): 24. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022894 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Fred Eggan; Review. Far Eastern Survey 29 January 1947; 16 (2): 24. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022894 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Enabling Functional Safety ASIL Compliance for Autonomous Driving Software Systems (2017)

With cars driving autonomously on roads, functional safety assumes critical importance to avoid hazardous situations for humans in the car and on the road. ISO 26262 defines Automotive Safety Integration Level (ASIL) with level QM (Least) to ASIL-D (Highest) based on severity and probability of defect causing harm to human life. This paper explores functional safety requirements and solutions for software systems in autonomous cars in four broad aspects. The first aspect covers usage of redundancy at various levels to ensure the failure of one system does not affect the overall operation of the car. It explores the usage of redundancy via multiple sensors and diverse processing of data to arrive at functionally safe results. Based on the redundancy requirements, in the second aspect, an HW (SoC) and SW architecture is proposed which can help meet these requirements. It explores the definition of SW framework, task scheduling, and tools usage to ensure systematic faults are prevented at the development stage. Autonomous driving systems will be complex and expecting all software modules comply with the highest functional safety level may not be feasible. The third aspect explores the usage of freedom from interference (FFI) via HW and SW mechanisms like Firewalls, MMU to allow safe and non-safe sub-systems to co-exist and operate according to their specification. The final aspect covers usage of SW and HW diagnostics to monitor, detect, and correct random faults found at run-time in HW modules. It explores the usage of diagnostics features like ECC, CRC, and BIST to help detect and avoid runtime failures.
Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel (2021)

In this study involving participants who were 60 years of age or older and had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine at least 5 months earlier, we found that the rates of confirmed Covid-19 and severe illness were substantially lower among those who received a booster (third) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Multiple electrode aggregometry: A new device to measure platelet aggregation in whole blood (2006)

Summary Several methods are used to analyse platelet function in whole blood. A new device to measure whole blood platelet aggregation has been developed, called multiple electrode platelet aggregometry (MEA). Our aim was to evaluate MEA in comparison with the single platelet counting (SPC) method for the measurement of platelet aggregation and platelet inhibition by aspirin or apyrase in diluted whole blood. Platelet aggregation induced by different concentrations of ADP, collagen and TRAP-6 and platelet inhibition by apyrase or aspirin were determined in citrateor hirudin-anticoagulated blood by MEA and SPC. MEA indicated that spontaneous platelet aggregation was lower, and stimulated platelet aggregation was higher in hirudin- than citrate-anticoagulated blood. In hirudin-anticoagulated, but not citrate-anticoagulated blood, spontaneous platelet aggregation measured by MEA was inhibited by apyrase. For MEA compared with SPC the dose response-curves of agonist-induced platelet aggregation in citrate- and hirudin-blood showed similar EC50 values for TRAP, and higher EC50 values for ADP (non-significant) and collagen (p<0.05). MEA and the SPC method gave similar results concerning platelet-inhibition by apyrase and aspirin. MEA was more sensitive than SPC to the inhibitory effect of aspirin in collagen-induced aggregation. In conclusion, MEA is an easy, reproducible and sensitive method for measuring spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation, and evaluating antiplatelet drugs in diluted whole blood. The use of hirudin as an anticoagulant is preferable to the use of citrate. MEA is a promising technique for experimental and clinical applications.
Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detection of Multiple Antenna Systems over Dispersive Channels via Sphere Decoding (2002)

Multiple antenna systems are capable of providing high data rate transmissions over wireless channels. When the channels are dispersive, the signal at each receive antenna is a combination of both the current and past symbols sent from all transmit antennas corrupted by noise. The optimal receiver is a maximum-likelihood sequence detector and is often considered to be practically infeasible due to high computational complexity (exponential in number of antennas and channel memory). Therefore, in practice, one often settles for a less complex suboptimal receiver structure, typically with an equalizer meant to suppress both the intersymbol and interuser interference, followed by the decoder. We propose a sphere decoding for the sequence detection in multiple antenna communication systems over dispersive channels. The sphere decoding provides the maximum-likelihood estimate with computational complexity comparable to the standard space-time decision-feedback equalizing (DFE) algorithms. The performance and complexity of the sphere decoding are compared with the DFE algorithm by means of simulations.
Therapies to improve bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fracture: clinical trial results. (2002)

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is associated with lowered bone mineral density and increased risk of fracture. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to study drugs and lifestyle changes that can either prevent bone loss in perimenopausal women or prevent fractures in women with established osteoporosis. The role of estrogen alone or in combination with androgen as hormone replacement therapy is discussed for its potential value in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Additional therapies that are examined for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis include tibolone, bisphosphonates (alendronate and risedronate), selective estrogen-receptor modulators, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Experimental therapies that are in different phases of evaluation in osteoporosis management include statins as well as tumor necrosis factor-receptor antagonists. Other strategies include nonpharmacologic interventions, such as calcium supplements, vitamin D and exercise.
Charitable Status in the Supreme Court of Canada (1999)

(1999). Charitable Status in the Supreme Court of Canada. King's Law Journal: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 248-252.
Blur Sensitivity in Myopes (1999)

These results demonstrate that myopes are less sensitive to the presence of blur, and may at least partially explain why previous reports have demonstrated a larger lag of accommodation in this refractive group. Additionally, the hyperopic retinal defocus resulting from the increased accommodative error may play a significant role in myopia development and progression.
Coupled Transcriptional and Translational Control of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 <sup> <i>INK4c</i> </sup> Expression during Myogenesis (1998)

Terminal differentiation of many cell types involves permanent withdrawal from the cell division cycle. The p18INK4c protein, a member of the p16/INK4 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor family, is induced more than 50-fold during myogenic differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts to become the predominant CDK inhibitor complexed with CDK4 and CDK6 in terminally differentiated myotubes. We have found that the p18INK4c gene expresses two mRNA transcripts--a 2.4-kb transcript, p18(L), and a 1.2-kb transcript, p18(S). In proliferating C2C12 myoblasts, only the larger p18(L) transcript is expressed from an upstream promoter. As C2C12 cells are induced to differentiate into permanently arrested myotubes, the abundance of the p18(L) transcript decreases. The smaller p18(S) transcript expressed from a downstream promoter becomes detectable by 12 h postinduction and is the predominant transcript expressed in terminally differentiated myotubes. Both transcripts contain coding exons 2 and 3, but p18(L) uniquely contains an additional noncoding 1.2-kb exon, exon 1, corresponding exclusively to the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR). The expression pattern of the shorter p18(S) transcript, but not that of the longer p18(L) transcript, correlates with terminal differentiation of muscle, lung, liver, thymus, and eye lens cells during mouse embryo development. The presence of the long 5' UTR in exon 1 attenuated the translation of p18(L) transcript, while its absence from the shorter p18(S) transcript resulted in significantly more efficient translation of the p18 protein. Our results demonstrate that during terminal muscle cell differentiation, induction of the p18 protein is regulated by promoter switching coupled with translational control.
Asymmetric hydrolysis of prochiral dimethyl 3-benzyloxycarbonylaminoglutarate with microorganisms. Preparation of (S)-3-amino-4-methoxycarbonylbutyric acid for the synthesis of carbapenem and negamycin antibiotics. (1983)

During the synthetic study of chiral compounds with biological significance using the chemicoenzymatic approach,1>2) we found that pig liver esterase hydrolyzed the pro-2? ester of dimethyl 3-benzyloxycarbonylaminoglutarate (1) to yield the half ester 2 with an Sconfiguration. This chiral half ester 2 was used as a versatile starting material for synthesis of the carbapenem and negamycin antibiotics by the chemical transformation shown in Scheme 1.2) However, enzymes from mammalian organs such as pig liver esterase are considered to be of limited use, expensive and impractical3~5) for the large scale production of such chiral compounds. With these problems in mind, we have looked for enzymes of a
A Traffic Resource Diffusion Scheme in Vehicular Networks (2009)

In this paper we study a feasible resource diffusion scheme for disseminating queries and reports about real-time traffic conditions in vehicular networks, where both ad-hoc communication and infrastructure communication are available. Each disseminated report represents information about a spatial-temporal event, such as a video clip of a cross traffic or the availability of a parking slot at a particular time. We propose a model in which both queries and reports are disseminated via the ad-hoc communication and when a match occurs the report is returned to the query owner via the infrastructure communication. The excepted system delay is analyzed theoretically and validated by simulations in the STRAW/SWANS simulator. Further applications of our analytical model in resource diffusion strategies are discussed. The proposed analytic model along with the numeric results provides a deep insight into the performance characteristics for VANET with report and query delivery scheme. We expect that this model will become a useful analytic tool not only for VANET but also for future research and development of delay tolerant mobile networks in general.
Comparative analysis of technical efficiencies between compound and non compound farms in Imo state, Nigeria (2009)

This study was designed to compare the level of technical efficiency in the compound and non compound farms in Imo state. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 120 food crop farmers from two out of the three agricultural zones in Imo state. Using the Chow (1960) analysis of covariance technique the farmers were found to be equally technically efficient in the two farm types. The result showed that capital, labour and other inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agro-chemicals are highly significant determinants of technical efficiency in the two farm types. The results of the returns to scale showed that the farmers operated in region one of their production functions. This is suggestive of the possibility of higher crop output with an increase in the level of aggregate input use in both farm types at the prevailing level of technology.