gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient progressive sampling (1999)

Having access to massive amounts of data does not necessarily imply that induction algorithms must use them all. Samples often provide the same accuracy with far less computational cost. However, the correct sample size rarely is obvious. We analyze methods for progressive samplingusing progressively larger samples as long as model accuracy improves. We explore several notions of efficient progressive sampling. We analyze efficiency relative to induction with all instances; we show that a simple, geometric sampling schedule is asymptotically optimal, and we describe how best to take into account prior expectations of accuracy convergence. We then describe the issues involved in instantiating an efficient progressive sampler, including how to detect convergence. Finally, we provide empirical results comparing a variety of progressive sampling methods. We conclude that progressive sampling can be remarkably efficient .
Optical orthogonal code-division multiple-access system .I. APD noise and thermal noise (1994)

In an optical multiple-access system, overall system throughput efficiency add significant implementation cost-reduction would be achieved if many users could access a common optical channel at any time without control among users. Recently one such scheme, an optical orthogonal code division multiple-access system (OOCDMA), was introduced by Salehi et al. (1982) for the case of no noise. In this paper, some extensions of that work are presented, including the effects of avalanche photodiode (APD) noise and thermal noise as well as interference for the OOCDMA direct-detection receiver. Since it has been shown that an optical hard-limiter before the receiver correlator can reduce the interference effect for the OOCDMA system in the absence of noise, the hard-limiter role in the presence of thermal and APD noise is also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nucleotide sequence and genetic characterization of staphylococcal bacteriophage L54a int and xis genes (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of a staphylococcal bacteriophage L54a DNA fragment containing genes involved in site-specific recombination was determined. Mutations generated by in vitro mutagenesis were used to map and characterize the int and xis genes. The site-specific recombination functions are tightly clustered within a 1.75-kilobase stretch of DNA fragment with the gene order of attP-int-xis. The int and xis genes are transcribed divergently. The Int protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence has a molecular weight of 41,000. Int is a basic protein with 354 amino acids of which 72 are basic and 38 are acidic. The Xis protein consists of only 59 amino acids with a molecular weight of 7,180. Unlike the Xis proteins of the lambdoid bacteriophages which are all basic proteins, L54a Xis is an acidic protein containing 13 acidic and 8 basic amino acids. The Int protein is required in both integrative and excisive reactions, whereas Xis is only required in excisive reaction. A well-conserved 40-residue region, including three perfectly conserved residues found in 15 site-specific recombinases of the integrase family that have been characterized, was also found in the L54a Int protein.
Adaptive Load-Balancing for Force-Decomposition Based 3-Body Molecular Dynamics Simulations in A Heterogeneous Distributed Environment with Variable Number of Processors (2007)

Molecular dynamics (MD), a computationally intensive problem, is used by researchers in various fields. The computational parallelism inherent in this application can be exploited in parallel and distributed environments. However, in heterogeneous distributed environments such as the grid, the available resources, namely the network and computational power, are continually changing with respect to every available node. To optimally utilize these dynamic resources, a scheduler should be able to continually adapt to the changes and suitably vary the number of interactions scheduled to each node. We propose one such scheduling algorithm in this paper. MD simulations based on the spatial-decomposition (for short-range potentials) technique assuming heterogeneous compute power and homogeneous links exist in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to perform a block-level decomposition of the force-matrix for three-body potentials in a distributed environment with heterogeneous compute power with heterogeneous network links while exploiting the symmetries that exist in a three-body force matrix. Our previous work [24] targeted MD simulations using the atom-decomposition method (slice level decomposition of the force-matrix) in a heterogeneous environment. The proposed scheduling algorithm builds and continually updates a model of the distributed system, which it then uses to make decisions about how to optimally redistribute the load in the system at every time step of the MD simulation. The scheduling algorithm can additionally handle dynamic changes in the number of nodes available for computation at runtime. We implement our algorithm and evaluate its effectiveness by measuring the idle fraction which is a measure of the idle time experienced by all compute clients at every time-step. This idle fraction is a load-balance optimality measure that indicates how close the load balancing is to the theoretical optimal of 0%. We find that under most typical conditions, it is roughly 6%. We also determine potential enhancements to improve the idle fraction further.
A Study on the Influence of Different Anionic Surfactants on the AFM Scanning and Imaging of SWCNTs (2011)

This paper proposed a preprocessing method of SWCNTs dispersion based on rinsing technology. With the assistance of SDS, SC and SDBS, this method adopted the ultrasonication oscillation technology to solve the problem of SWCNTs dispersion. In addition, it compared the effect of the three kinds of surfactants on SWCNTs dispersion under the same conditions. And AFM was applied in this experiment to scan and image the samples. The results showed that the solubility and adsorption efficiency of the surfactants had influence on the SWCNTs dispersion quality. Furthermore, the paper primarily and theoretically modeled and analyzed the experiment results from the aspect of the surfactants' hydrophilic and lipophilic structure.
A novel method for synchronizing the pulse carver and electroabsorption data modulator in RZ optical transmitters (2002)

In conclusion, we demonstrated a device to detect and correct the timing misalignment between the pulse carver and electroabsorption data modulator in a RZ transmitter. The device can be used for all the channels on the ITU grid. It is straightforward to modify the design of the device to work for a different bit-rate. The implementation of the device can be done at low cost. The device can also be used as a wavelength locker. We demonstrated that the EAM is viable as a data modulator even for ULH transmission. With the facile synchronization scheme the EAM affords, it should be even more attractive as a transmitter for future transmission systems.
Development of a Quality Assurance Strategy for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiotherapy (2015)

Radiotherapy is a common treatment option for malignant tumors. The use of magnetic resonance imaging in radiotherapy is increasing world-wide and sets additional requirements on the image quality compared to diagnostics applications. Thereby, the overall goal of the present project was to develop and implement a structured image quality assurance approach for MRI in radiotherapy. Specific aspects studied was the image quality, spatial accuracy and spin-lattice relaxation time quantification. Measurements using three different phantoms were performed at the positron emission tomography magnetic resonance (PET/MR) scanner at Norrlands Univeristy Hosptial, Umeå. The image quality was evaluated using the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom and its accompanying tests. ACR phantom measurements were performed once or twice daily throughout the project. The results from the ACR tests were implemented in an automatic analysis program and displayed on a website, accessible from the hospital network. The image quality was found to be constant over time and within acceptance values. Furthermore, the spatial distortion was quantified using a large field of view (FOV) phantom and a spatial analysis program supplied with the phantom. A method to study the reproducibility of the distortion was developed and the distortion in the PET/MR scanner was mapped in different images planes. The image distortion was shown to be reproducible and less than 1 mm inside a volume of 20x20x20 cm3 around the magnetic isocenter, which corresponds to a FOV used in target delineations images. However, outside this volume larger distortions than 2 mm was observed. In order to evaluate the quantification of the spin-lattice relaxation time two methods were evaluated, variable flip angle (VFA) and two point inversion recovery spin echo (IRSE) using the Test object 5 (TO5) phantom. Large variations in the quantification was observed using the VFA method compared to the two point IRSE method when performing phantom measurements. Unfortunately, the two point IRSE method was not adequate when used in head exams in the clinical practice.
Interaction of factors which influence the extent of lipolysis during milking and storage of raw milk (1986)

SUMMARY The effect of aeration and agitation during milking on free fatty acid (FFA) levels in raw milk was investigated by comparing ( a ) a dual vacuum system with a ‘round the barn’ installation and ( b ) a claw piece requiring high air bleed with conventional claw pieces. Reduced milk transfer pressure resulted in a reduction in lipolysis of 54%, while high air bleed led to a 21% increase. FFA values were related to milk yield, stage of lactation and to a lesser extent the incidence of mastitis. These relationships were largely independent of the type of milking equipment. Fat content and somatic cell count did not affect the level of lipolysis. Increases in FFA due to activation by added blood serum were strongly related to the initial FFA concentrations.
<b>Insights into Tagalog:</b> Reduplication, infixation, and stress from nonlinear phonology. By Koleen Matsuda French. (Publications in Linguistics, 84.) Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington, 1988. Pp. v, 127. (1990)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Identification of p130 <i> <sup>cas</sup> </i> as a Substrate for the Cytosolic Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTP-PEST (1996)

PTP-PEST is a ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic, mammalian protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) which exhibits high specific activity in vitro. We have investigated the substrate specificity of PTP-PEST by a novel substrate-trapping approach in combination with in vitro dephosphorylation experiments. We initially identified a prominent 130-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in pervanadate-treated HeLa cell lysates which was preferentially dephosphorylated by PTP-PEST in vitro. In order to identify this potential substrate, mutant (substrate-trapping) forms of PTP-PEST were generated which lack catalytic activity but retain the ability to bind substrates. These mutant proteins associated in stable complexes exclusively with the same 130-kDa protein, which was identified as p130(cas) by immunoblotting. This exclusive association was observed in lysates from several cell lines and in transfected COS cells, but was not observed with other members of the PTP family, strongly suggesting that p130(cas) represents a major physiologically relevant substrate for PTP-PEST. Our studies suggest potential roles for PTP-PEST in regulation of p130(cas) function. These functions include mitogen- and cell adhesion-induced signalling events and probable roles in transformation by various oncogenes. These results provide the first demonstration of a PTP having an inherently restricted substrate specificity in vitro and in vivo. The methods used to identify p130(cas) as a specific substrate for PTP-PEST are potentially applicable to any PTP and should therefore prove useful in determining the physiological substrates of other members of the PTP family.
Net shape powder processing of aluminium (2000)

The increasing interest in light weight materials coupled to the need for costeffective processing have combined to create a significant opportunity for aluminum powder metallurgy. Net shape processing of aluminum using the classical press- and-sinter powder metallurgy technique is a unique and important metal-forming method which is cost effective in producing complex parts at, or very close to, final dimensions. This paper provides an overview of the net shape powder processing of aluminum. Current research is critically reviewed and the future potential is briefly considered.
One‐dimensional processing architecture for gray‐scale morphology (1996)

Abstract Mathematical morphology is logically very clear, and has many applications because of its adaptability. They are two types of morphology — binary and gray‐scale. The mathematical base of binary morphology is expressed in logical AND/OR notation. Gray‐scale morphology is based on the addition and comparison of gray‐scale values. However, in this type of processing, the computational cost is proportional to the area of both the original image and the structuring element. Therefore, the computational cost increases very rapidly when a large‐scale structuring element is required. For this reason, specialized architecture, e.g. a Cytocomputer, had been built for fast morphological processing, but large‐scale structuring elements are difficult to build by this method because it requires a large number of devices. In this paper, we describe an efficient architecture for gray‐scale morphological processing, in which we decompose the gray‐scale structuring element to one dimension, thereby efficiently reducing computational cost. We also propose the architecture for a pipelined parallel processor that calculates the gray‐scale dilation. This method greatly reduces the size of the hardware and maximizes the processing speed.
A good death (2000)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the outcome of drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia, and to determine distinct criteria for termination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in drowned children with hypothermia and absence of spontaneous circulation. <b>Design</b> Nationwide retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Emergency departments and paediatric intensive care units of the eight university medical centres in the Netherlands. <b>Participants</b> Children aged up to 16 with cardiac arrest and hypothermia after drowning, who presented at emergency departments and/or were admitted to intensive care. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Survival and neurological outcome one year after the drowning incident. Poor outcome was defined as death or survival in a vegetative state or with severe neurological disability (paediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC) ≥4). <b>Results</b> From 1993 to 2012, 160 children presented with cardiac arrest and hypothermia after drowning. In 98 (61%) of these children resuscitation was performed for more than 30 minutes (98/160, median duration 60 minutes), of whom 87 (89%) died (95% confidence interval 83% to 95%; 87/98). Eleven of the 98 children survived (11%, 5% to 17%), but all had a PCPC score ≥4. In the 62 (39%) children who did not require prolonged resuscitation, 17 (27%, 16% to 38%) survived with a PCPC score ≤3 after one year: 10 (6%) had a good neurological outcome (score 1), five (3%) had mild neurological disability (score 2), and two (1%) had moderate neurological disability (score 3). From the original 160 children, only 44 were alive at one year with any outcome. <b>Conclusions</b> Drowned children in whom return of spontaneous circulation is not achieved within 30 minutes of advanced life support have an extremely poor outcome. Good neurological outcome is more likely when spontaneous circulation returns within 30 minutes of advanced life support, especially when the drowning incident occurs in winter. These findings question the therapeutic value of resuscitation beyond 30 minutes in drowned children with cardiac arrest and hypothermia.
Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in a lab‐scale sequencing batch reactor (2003)

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via the nitrite pathway and anaerobic-anoxic-enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are two processes that can significantly reduce the energy and COD demand for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The combination of these two processes has the potential of achieving simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal with a minimal requirement for COD. A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in alternating anaerobic-aerobic mode with a low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.5 mg/L) during the aerobic period, and was demonstrated to accomplish nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Under anaerobic conditions, COD was taken up and converted to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), accompanied by phosphorus release. In the subsequent aerobic stage, PHA was oxidized and phosphorus was taken up to <0.5 mg/L by the end of the cycle. Ammonia was also oxidized during the aerobic period, but without accumulation of nitrite or nitrate in the system, indicating the occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. However, off-gas analysis showed that the final denitrification product was mainly nitrous oxide (N(2)O), not N(2). Further experimental results demonstrated that nitrogen removal was via nitrite, not nitrate. These experiments also showed that denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms (DGAOs), rather than denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs), were responsible for the denitrification activity.
API documentation from source code comments (1999)

This paper describes in a general way the process we went through to determine the goals, principles, audience, content and style for writing comments in source code for the Java platform at the Java Software division of Sun Microsystems. This includes how the documentation comments evolved to become the home of the Java platform API specification, and the guidelines we developed to make it practical for this document to reside in the same files as the source code.
Micro-channel heat exchanger optimization (2002)

A complete two-dimensional flow/thermal model of the micro-channel cooler is developed. Optimization of the design parameters with this model is demonstrated for the case of a 1 kW/cm/sup 2/ heat flux with the top surface at 25 degrees C. For this case, pure water could be used as the coolant, or 92% water/8% methanol (-5 degrees C freezing point) if the heat is to be dumped to ice/water. The flow rate should be about 50 cc/s per cm/sup 2/ of surface area. The distribution manifold channel spacing (center-to-center) should be 333 mu m (30 channels/cm). The fin height should be about 167 mu m (H/sub F//L=1). The distribution manifold channel widths should be about 200 mu m (W/L=0.6). The micro-channels should be between 7 mu m and 14 mu m wide, while the ratio of fin thickness to micro-channel width should be from 0.5 to 1.0. With these design parameters, an effective heat transfer coefficient (surface heat flux divided by surface to coolant inlet temperature difference) on the order of 100 W/cm/sup 2/ K will be achieved with a total pressure drop of only about 2 bar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Compressed Data Stream Content in HEVC Video Encoder (2015)

Abstract In this paper, a detailed analysis of the content of the bitstream, produced by the HEVC video encoder is presented. With the use of the HM 10.0 reference software the following statistics were investigated: 1) the amount of data in the encoded stream related to individual frame types, 2) the relationship between the value of the QP and the size of the bitstream at the output of the encoder, 3) contribution of individual types of data to I and B frames. The above mentioned aspects have been thoroughly explored for a wide range of target bitrates. The obtained results became the basis for highlighting guidelines that allow for efficient bitrate control in the HEVC encoder.
TargetTalk--IBC Conference. Kinase and G protein-coupled receptor targets. (2005)

TargetTalk combined IBC's Fifth International Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Conference with an in-depth track on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and this conference ran in conjunction with IBC's 14th Annual ScreenTech Meeting, which comprised separate tracks on high-throughput screening applications and technologies, and assay development for multiplexing and high-content screening. There were also pre-conference symposia that explored: (i) the current and future outlook for high-thoughput screening; (ii) technologies and research advances for the study of protein-protein interaction; and (iii) mechanisms of receptor signaling. This report will focus on research presented for the pre-conference symposium on mechanisms of receptor signaling and on the GPCR track.
Properties of frictional bridging in fiber pull-out for fiber-reinforced composites (2005)

Stress equilibrium equations, boundary-and continuity-conditions were used to establish a theoretical model of progressive debonding with friction at the debonded interface. On a basis of the minimum complementary energy principle, an expression for the energy release rateG was derived to explore the interfacial fracture properties. An interfacial debonding criterionG≥Γ i was introduced to determine the critical debond length and the bridging law. Numerical calculation results for fiber-reinforced composite SCS-6/Ti-6A1-4V were compared with those obtained by using the shear-lag models.
Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes (1992)

To examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on the fatty acid (FA) composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes, five lactating women were supplemented with 6 g of fish oil daily for 21 d. Usual maternal diets contained 1,147 mg of total n-3 FA, with 120 mg from very long-chain (> C18) n-3 FA. Supplementation increased dietary levels to 3,092 mg of total n-3 FA and 2,006 mg of very long-chain n-3 FA. Milk samples were collected daily, prior to fish oil ingestion, and at 4-h intervals on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. Milk n-3 FA content increased within 8 h and reached steady state levels within one week. The n-6 fatty acid content decreased. Erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid content increased from 0.24% to 1.4% (P < 0.01) in mothers and from 0.11% to 0.70% (P < 0.05) in infants. Docosapentaenoic acid increased from 1.4% to 2.2% (P < 0.05) in mothers and from 0.30% to 0.78% (P < 0.01) in infants. There was no significant change in docosahexaenoic acid or n-6 fatty acid content. Maternal platelet aggregation responses were variable. No differences in milk or plasma tocopherol levels were noted.