gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local-global background modeling for anomaly detection in hyperspectral images (2009)

In this paper, we address the problem of unsupervised detection of anomalies in hyperspectral images. Our proposed method is based on a novel statistical background modeling approach that combines local and global approaches. The local-global background model has the ability to adapt to all nuances of the background process like local approaches but avoids over-fitting due to a too high number of degrees of freedom, which produces a high false alarm rate. This is done by constraining the local background models to be interrelated. The results strongly prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. We experimentally show that our localglobal algorithm performs better than several other global or local anomaly detection techniques, such as the well known RX or its Gaussian Mixture version (GMRX).
Hfq (HF1) stimulates <i>ompA</i> mRNA decay by interfering with ribosome binding (2000)

The adaptation of mRNA stability to environmental changes is a means of cells to adjust the level of gene expression. The Escherichia coli ompA mRNA has served as one of the paradigms for regulated mRNA decay in prokaryotes. The stability of the transcript is known to be correlated inversely with the bacterial growth rate. Thus, the regulation of ompA mRNA stability meets the physiological needs to adjust the level of ompA expression to the rate of cell division. Recently, host factor I (Hfq/HF1) was shown to be involved in the regulation of ompA mRNA stability under slow growth conditions. Here, we present the first direct demonstration that 30S ribosomes bound to the ompA 5′-UTR protect the transcript from RNase E cleavage in vitro. However, the 30S protection was found to be abrogated in the presence of Hfq. Toeprinting and in vitro translation assays revealed that translation of ompA is repressed in the presence of Hfq. These in vitro studies are corroborated by in vivo expression studies demonstrating that the reduced synthesis rate of OmpA effected by Hfq results in functional inactivation of the ompA mRNA. The data are discussed in terms of a model wherein Hfq regulates the stability of ompA mRNA by competing with 30S ribosomes for binding to the ompA 5′-UTR.
Quantitation of Hepatic Glycogenolysis And Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Humans With <sup>13</sup> C NMR (1991)

The rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis was assessed in humans by serially measuring hepatic glycogen concentration at 3- to 12-hour intervals during a 68-hour fast with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The net rate of gluconeogenesis was calculated by subtracting the rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis from the rate of glucose production in the whole body measured with tritiated glucose. Gluconeogenesis accounted for 64 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of total glucose production during the first 22 hours of fasting. In the subsequent 14-hour and 18-hour periods of the fast, gluconeogenesis accounted for 82 +/- 5% and 96 +/- 1% of total glucose production, respectively. These data show that gluconeogenesis accounts for a substantial fraction of total glucose production even during the first 22 hours of a fast in humans.
Cross-talk in signal transduction: TPA-inducible factor jun/AP-1 activates cAMP-responsive enhancer elements. (1990)

The product of the jun proto-oncogene has been identified as one form of the transcription factor AP-1. The p55fos protein associates with jun/AP-1 by means of a heterodimer which requires intact 'leucine zipper' domains of both proteins. The fos/jun heterodimer binds to and activates transcription from TPA-responsive promoter elements (TGACTCA), which represent one final target of the protein kinase C pathway. The other main signal transduction pathway, initiated by the activation of the adenylate cyclase, involves the transcription factor CREB. The promoter element recognized by CREB, a cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE), consist of a palyndromic sequence similar to a TRE (TGACGTCA). We show that jun efficiently trans-activates CRE sequences and that fos and jun efficiently bind and cooperate in activating CRE promoter elements. The similarity between TRE and CRE sequences may involve an interplay in transcriptional regulation and 'cross-talk' between components of the two major signal transduction pathways.
How accurate are subjective judgements of a continuum? (2003)

The experiment indicates that subjective judgements can be accurate but it is necessary to use a large number of categories. One hundred-point scales allow confidence intervals to be calculated and the intervals are reduced if the results from several observers are pooled. The mean and the median of the judgements of a large number of observers are close to objective reality and this approach could be used to define a gold standard of rankings of pathological continua such as cervical dyskaryosis or tumour differentiation. There is a reciprocal relationship between kappa values and information transmitted which demonstrates the fallacy of using kappa statistics in studies of continua.
Applying voice recognition technology for smart home networks (2016)

Nowadays, electronics and technologies became an essential part of our daily lives and we cannot abandon them. Moreover, they stormed our homes making them like machines that can understand and be aware of residents' needs and wants inside their homes. For that reason these homes got the name of “Smart Homes”. This paper reviews the concept of smart home, its applications and its system components and technologies used including the networking methods. The review is then extended to introduce the voice recognition technology that enables the control of any device via voice/speech commands. Furthermore, the paper proposes a design of simple model for miniature smart home network that is controlled by voice recognition technology. The various stages of design and implementation of the proposed model are discussed, and followed by a basic evaluation to the performance of the model. Evaluation results confirm the out-performance of this design in short-distance quiet environment using external microphone configuration.
Regulation of plasminogen activation by TGF-beta in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (2000)

These data demonstrate that TGF-beta increases PAI-1 and decreases cell associated lysis. This is sufficient to decrease the normal lytic potential of HREC.
Vimentin filament precursors exchange subunits in an ATP-dependent manner (2015)

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a component of the cytoskeleton capable of profound reorganization in response to specific physiological situations, such as differentiation, cell division, and motility. Various mechanisms were proposed to be responsible for this plasticity depending on the type of IF polymer and the biological context. For example, recent studies suggest that mature vimentin IFs (VIFs) undergo rearrangement by severing and reannealing, but direct subunit exchange within the filament plays little role in filament dynamics at steady state. Here, we studied the dynamics of subunit exchange in VIF precursors, called unit-length filaments (ULFs), formed by the lateral association of eight vimentin tetramers. To block vimentin assembly at the ULF stage, we used the Y117L vimentin mutant (vimentin(Y117L)). By tagging vimentin(Y117L) with a photoconvertible protein mEos3.2 and photoconverting ULFs in a limited area of the cytoplasm, we found that ULFs, unlike mature filaments, were highly dynamic. Subunit exchange among ULFs occurred within seconds and was limited by the diffusion of soluble subunits in the cytoplasm rather than by the association and dissociation of subunits from ULFs. Our data demonstrate that cells expressing vimentin(Y117L) contained a large pool of soluble vimentin tetramers that was in rapid equilibrium with ULFs. Furthermore, vimentin exchange in ULFs required ATP, and ATP depletion caused a dramatic reduction of the soluble tetramer pool. We believe that the dynamic exchange of subunits plays a role in the regulation of ULF assembly and the maintenance of a soluble vimentin pool during the reorganization of filament networks.
Reactive oligomers. I. Preparation and polymerization of ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (1983)

Abstract Ethylene glycol bis(methyl fumarate) (EGBMF) was prepared as a new type of divinyl compound and reactive oligomer: a needle crystal, m.p. 104.5°C. Homopolymerization of EGBMF was carried out in dioxane with 0.1 mol/L AIBN at [M] = 1 mol/L and 60°C; the rate of polymerization was estimated to be 4.44 × 10 −6 mol/L s in a good agreement with diethyl fumarate (DEF). The cyclization constant K c was obtained as 1.64 mol/L, being rather low compared with diallyl oxalate which is 1,9‐diene having two ester groups analogous to EGBMF. Gelatin occurred at about 35% conversion. Finally, the copolymerization of EGBMF (M 1 ) with diallyl phthalate (DAP) (M 2 ) is tentatively explored with the intention of the improvement of allyl resins in mechanical properties; remarkable rate enhancement was observed for copolymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were estimated to be r 1 = 0.96 and r 2 = 0.025, the r 1 value being reduced compared with the DEF‐DAP copolymerization system. These results are discussed from the standpoint of steric effect on the polymerization of fumarate as an internal olefin.
Ionization penalty in nonlinear optical bioimaging (2010)

The noninvasiveness of nonlinear optical imaging techniques is quantified in terms of the number of free electron generated in the laser-tissue interaction region per photon emitted into the nonlinear optical signal. For a broad variety of biomarker dyes and bioactivity reporter proteins, this ratio is shown to approach a critical value of unity for field intensities above 1 TW/cm2. Closed-form analytical expressions for the ionization penalty function and the critical pulse repetition rate are derived for few-cycle laser pulses.
The Development of Petroleum Microbiology in Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2008)

A full and accurate review involved microbial prospecting of petroleum and gaseous hydro- carbon-oxidating bacteria, microorganisms and formation of petroleum and gas, production of organic acids, oil field microorganisms and enhancement of oil recovery. Hundred and five papers are quoted.
On-chip electrocoalescence of microdroplets as a function of voltage, frequency and droplet size (2009)

Electric fields have previously been used in microfluidic devices for the manipulation, sorting and mixing of microemulsions. Here, an active system for on-demand electrocoalescence of water droplets in oil is presented. The platform does not require precise electrode alignment nor droplet-droplet or droplet-electric field synchronisation. Droplets can be reliably merged in pairs at a rate up to 50 fusion events per second. The fusion mechanism is based on the balance between viscous, electric and interfacial stresses at the droplet interface and depends upon the flow behaviour in the microchannel. Experimental results show that, under different conditions of frequency, applied potential and size of the droplets with respect to the channel geometry, diverse types of droplet coalescence occur. The fusion mechanism and general trends which enabled different merging results are proposed. This system has potential for being applied and multiplexed for high throughput, emulsion-based applications in the field of combinatorial reactions and screening bioassays.
Transcription phonétique des grands corpus littéraires. Les règles du jeu (2006)

Transcription phonétique des grands corpus littéraires. Les règles du jeuLe perfectionnement des phonétiseurs permet aujourd'hui d'envisager la transcription phonétique de grands ensembles textuels et, par conséquent, de doter la stylométrie de nouvelles capacités dans le domaine de l'analyse des effets sonores. Cet article montre, sur l'exemple d'une étude de La Règle du jeu de Michel Leiris menée à l'aide de LAIPTTS-SpeechMill (Université de Lausanne) et Mbrola (Faculté Polytechnique de Mons), quelles procédures et quelles précautions on se doit d'associer à de telles entreprises. Le repérage et l’étude des allitérations et des assonances, des homophones, la détermination de la tonalité phonique d’une partie du texte montrent tout à la fois les perspectives et les limites de ce type d'approche du texte littéraire.
Analytical optimization of piezoelectric acoustic power transfer systems (2020)

Abstract Acoustic power transfer and communication through metal layers is of great interest in many applications where the integrity of metal boxes, tanks, pipes or walls must be preserved by avoiding through-hole electrical connections. While acoustic power transfer has been widely studied last decades, the optimization of such systems has not been assessed comprehensively regarding the choice of transducers’ dimensions and materials and the impact of the wall characteristic acoustic impedance. This paper stands at answering these optimization issues, using a new implementation of an analytical model and two figures of merit to evaluate performances: the power transfer efficiency and a new figure of merit, the normalized transmitted power, a crucial characteristic for electronics implementation. Among other results, we disprove the commonly used design rule stating that equalizing the characteristic acoustic impedance of wall and transducers is the best option. We propose a method to quantify the impact of acoustic impedance mismatches on performances and show that intermediary layers sized with our optimization process can solve these acoustic impedance issues, resulting in an important gain in the transmitted power (multiplied by 40 in our example) and opening up great opportunities for the acoustic power transfer technology.
Advances in the Technology for Controlled-Release Pesticide Formulations (2005)

The choice of formulation is influenced by the following factors: the physical properties of the pesticide (melting point, solubility, and volatility), the chemical properties of the pesticide (hydrolytic stability, thermal stability, and irradiation stability), the mode of application of the formulation (soil, foliar), the crop to be treated and the agricultural practices, the biological properties of the pesticide (crop selectivity, transport through soil or grass cover, and LD50 for mammals and nonmammalian species), and economic considerations. This chapter covers methods of pesticide encapsulation and formulation, controlled-release techniques for pesticide application, and the current trends in the use of encapsulated natural products. Pesticides are conventionally applied to crops by periodic broadcasting or spraying. Very high, and possibly toxic, concentrations
Evidence for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Generation during the TiO<sub>2</sub>-Assisted Photodegradation of Dyes in Aqueous Dispersions under Visible Light Illumination (1999)

Photodegradation of a series of dyes (Rhodamine B, Orange II, Sulfo-rhodamine B, Fluorescein, Alizarin red, Squarylium cyanine, and Eosin) in the presence of TiO2 particles under air-equilibrated controlled conditions and visible light illumination led to the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Combined with chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements and in situ adsorption of added H2O2, the results reveal that H2O2 is a perfidious intermediate species in the process of dye photodegradation. The formation rate of H2O2 depends on the rate of dye degradation. It can also be decomposed by TiO2 particles under visible light irradiation because of a TiO2/H2O2 surface complex. H2O2 was detected because its formation rate was greater than its decomposition rate; failing this, H2O2 would not be observed. Its decomposition rate depends on the amount of substrates or intermediates formed during dye degradation and adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 particles. The greater the degradation rate of the dye or the greater the quantity of substrates or intermediates adsorbed on the TiO2 surface, the less is the depletion of H2O2 with the consequence that a large quantity of H2O2 accumulates in the solution bulk permitting its facile detection. Also, pH appears to play a beneficial role in the observation of H2O2 formed.
Methodological issues in mammography double reading studies (1998)

The reported improvement in cancer detection rate with double reading varies greatly between studies, depending upon whether the study is blinded and the statistic used. A method of calculating the increase in cancer detection rate due to a second reader is proposed.
Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by small interfering RNAs (2004)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the mediators of a sequence-specific process of gene silencing called RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we show that synthetic siRNAs against essential gene products of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can trigger RNAi in serum-starved, infected primary fibroblasts, as well as in U373 cells, leading to effective inhibition of viral DNA replication. This opens new possibilities for antiviral strategies and for the analysis of viral and cellular genes important to HCMV physiology.
In situ TEM measurements of the mechanical properties and behavior of WS2 nanotubes (2008)

The mechanical properties of individual WS2 nanotubes were investigated and directly related to their atomic structure details by in situ transmission electron microscope measurements. A brittle mode deformation was observed in bending tests of short (ca. 1 μm in length) multilayer nanotubes. This mode can be related to the atomic structure of their shells. In addition, longer nanotubes (6-7μm in length) were deformed in situ scanning electron microscope, but no plastic deformation was detected. A “sword-in-sheath” fracture mechanism was revealed in tensile loading of a nanotube, and the sliding of inner shells inside the outermost shell was imaged “on-line”. Furthermore, bending modulus of 217 GPa was obtained from measurements of the electric-fieldinduced resonance of these nanotubes.
Optical Fibre-Based Pulse Oximetry Sensor with Contact Force Detection (2018)

A novel optical sensor probe combining monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (S<sub>p</sub>O₂) with contact pressure is presented. This is beneficial as contact pressure is known to affect S<sub>p</sub>O₂ measurement. The sensor consists of three plastic optical fibres (POF) used to deliver and collect light for pulse oximetry, and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to measure contact pressure. All optical fibres are housed in a biocompatible epoxy patch which serves two purposes: (i) to reduce motion artefacts in the photoplethysmogram (PPG), and (ii) to transduce transverse loading into an axial strain in the FBG. Test results show that using a combination of pressure measuring FBG with a reference FBG, reliable results are possible with low hysteresis which are relatively immune to the effects of temperature. The sensor is used to measure the S<sub>p</sub>O₂ of ten volunteers under different contact pressures with perfusion and skewness indices applied to assess the quality of the PPG. The study revealed that the contact force ranging from 5 to 15 kPa provides errors of <2%. The combined probe has the potential to improve the reliability of reflectance oximeters. In particular, in wearable technology, the probe should find use in optimising the fitting of garments incorporating this technology.
One-Pot Synthesis of Levulinic Acid/Ester from C5 Carbohydrates in a Methanol Medium (2013)

A process for direct conversion of xylose to methyl levulinate and levulinic acid has been developed in this study. A methanol medium, solid acid catalyst Amberlyst 70, and hydrogenation catalyst Pd/Al2O3 were used to direct xylose to follow the designed route to the target products. The methanol medium can prevent the hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol via the transformation of xylose into methyl xylosides. Amberlyst 70 catalyzes the dehydration of methyl xylosides into furfural, while Pd/Al2O3 catalyzes the hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol. The hydrolysis/methanolysis of furfuryl alcohol over Amberlyst 70 produces levulinic acid/ester. Among these steps, the hydrogenation of furfural is the one determining the overall selectivity from xylose to levulinic acid/ester. The ideal hydrogenation catalyst needs to be selective to hydrogenate only the carbonyl group of furfural but not the furan rings.
An Introduction to the Physics of Particle Accelerators (1991)

Introduction Equations of Motion for Weak Focusing Mechanics of Trajectories Optical Elements with Static Magnetic Fields Strong Focusing Lattice Exercises Synchrotron Oscillations Synchrotron Radiation RF Linear Accelerators Resonances Space-Charge Effects How to Baffle Liouville Spin Dynamics Topics in Instrumentation and Beam Measurements.
TITAC-2: an asynchronous 32-bit microprocessor (2002)

With the wire-delay problem moving into dominance in VLSI chip design, a fundamental limitation is being revealed in performance and dependability of synchronous systems which require global clock distribution with as little skew as possible. The worst-case delay is influenced not only by design and fabrication process but also by the operating environment, e.g. the power supply voltage and temperature. Asynchronous systems, with no global clock, can intrinsically enjoy: 1) average case performance instead of worst-case performance, 2) low power consumption, 3) ease of modular design, and 4) timing fault tolerance. We have designed and implemented a 32-bit fully asynchronous microprocessor, TITAC-2, which is the fastest and largest CMOS asynchronous microprocessor that has ever been operational.
PREVENTION OF HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION AFTER TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT (1997)

We have carried out a prospective, randomised study of prophylaxis for heterotopic ossification (HO) comparing indomethacin for 7 and 14 days, acetylsalicylic acid, and fractional (4 × 3 Gy) or single exposure of 5 or 7 Gy irradiation after operation. We initially had 723 patients (733 hip replacements), but after withdrawals there were 685 hips of which 18.4% developed HO; 14% were grade I, 2.9% grade II and 1.5% grade III of the Brooker classification. We compared the results between these groups with those of a matched control series and found that indomethacin, 2 × 50 mg for 7 and 14 days, and postoperative irradiation of 4 × 3 Gy or 1 × 7 Gy, significantly reduced the development of HO compared with the control group. Patients in the acetylsalicylic acid group and those with a single irradiation of 5 Gy after operation developed significantly more ossification than those in the indomethacin and other irradiation groups. We suggest the use of 2 × 50 mg of indomethacin with mucoprotection for seven days as prophylaxis against HO after total hip replacement for all patients. A single irradiation of 7 Gy is recommended for patients who have developed HO after previous operations or to whom administration of indomethacin is contraindicated.
Translation of RNAIII, the<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>agr regulatory RNA molecule, can be activated by a 3â²-end deletion (1995)

RNAIII, an RNA molecule shown to encode delta-hemolysin and independently to regulate toxin synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, is transcribed at the mid-exponential phase of growth, while its target genes are activated 2 h later, at the post-exponential phase of growth. We show here that the translation of RNAIII to the 26-amino acid peptide delta-hemolysin is delayed by 1 h, and that this delay is abolished when the 3'-end of this molecule is deleted. We suggest that structural changes of RNAIII to a translatable form of the molecule precede its regulation of target gene expression.