gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy of brain and endocrine tumors. (2001)

Gene therapy of cancer has become a major interest of medical research since more than 60% of the ongoing gene therapy protocols today involve cancer patients. To increase the therapeutic index of cancer gene therapy, targeting strategies have been developed to ensure that the expression of therapeutic genes is restricted exclusively to the tissue of interest. An attractive approach lies in the possibility to control the expression of therapeutic genes at the transcriptional level by the introduction of tissue-specific or tumor-specific enhancers/promoters offers. We have developed transcriptionally targeted vectors for gene therapy of solid tumors, including malignant gliomas and epithelial thyroid tumors. The choice of these tumor types relies on their clinical impact, ie, morbidity and mortality, the lack of effective conventional therapeutic strategies, and the ability of these tumors to express tissue/tumor-specific genes, whose transcriptional control elements (enhancer/promoter) may be used for achieving selective transgene expression. Here we report our clinical and preclinical experience in gene therapy of brain and thyroid tumors, and review the literature published on this topic.
Metal–Organic Framework MIL-101(Cr) for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Substituted Aromatics (2011)

The diverse structures and pore topologies, accessible cages and tunnels, and high surface areas make metal-organic frameworks attractive as novel media in separation sciences. Here we report the slurry-packed MIL-101(Cr) column for high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of substituted aromatics. The MIL-101(Cr) packed column (5 cm long × 4.6 mm i.d.) offered high-resolution separation of ethylbenzene (EB) and xylene, dichlorobenzene and chlorotoluene isomers, and EB and styrene. The typical impurities of toluene and o-xylene in EB and styrene mixtures were also efficiently separated on the MIL-101(Cr) packed column. The column efficiencies for EB, m-dichlorobenzene, and m-chlorotoluene are 20000, 13000, and 10000 plates m(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviation for five replicate separations of the substituted aromatics was 0.2-0.7%, 0.9-2.9%, 0.5-2.1%, and 0.6-2.7% for the retention time, peak area, peak height, and half peak width, respectively. The MIL-101(Cr) offered high affinity for the ortho-isomer, allowing fast and selective separation of the ortho-isomer from the other isomers within 3 min using dichloromethane as the mobile phase. The effects of the mobile phase composition, injected sample mass, and temperature were investigated. The separation of xylene, dichlorobenzene, and chlorotoluene on MIL-101(Cr) was controlled by entropy change, while the separation of EB and styrene on MIL-101(Cr) was governed by enthalpy change.
Structure-function studies of yeast ferrochelatase. Identification and functional analysis of amino acid substitutions that increase Vmax and the KM for both substrates. (1993)

The molecular basis of the ferrochelatase defects was investigated in two "protoporphyric" and partially heme-deficient yeast mutants. Ferrochelatase, a mitochondrial inner membrane-bound enzyme, catalyzes the incorporation of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin, the last step in protoheme biosynthesis. The mutant cells made normal amounts of normal-sized ferrochelatase, as detected by immunoblotting. The mutations were identified by sequencing the mutant hem15 alleles amplified in vitro from mutant strains genomic DNA. A single nucleotide change, causing an amino acid substitution, was found in each mutant. Substitution of the conserved Ser-169 by Phe caused a 10-fold increase in Vmax and a 45- and 35-fold increase in the KM for protoporphyrin and metal, respectively. Replacement of Ser-174 by Pro produced the same effects, but to a lesser degree. There was a good correlation between the ferrochelatase defects measured in vitro and the heme synthesis deficiencies estimated in vivo. The decreased in vivo heme synthesis is probably due to the lower affinity of the mutant enzymes for iron. We propose that the region identified by the two close mutations contributes to the binding domains of metal and protoporphyrin.
질병군별 포괄수가제 ( DRG 지불제도 ) 시범사업에서 제왕절개산모의 의료서비스 - 서울시내 한 종합병원을 대상으로 - (1999)

One Diagnosis Related Group(DRG) pilot study participating hospital was measured and analyzed to see if there were any changes after the DRG program. It was implemented in consideration of medical service utilization, hospital charges, and non-covered medical service charges by insurance in all Cesarean section cases by reviewing medical records for 3 years, including 1 year before pilot study as well as 1 and 2 years after, respectively. The results were as follows : Fist, the use of intramuscular antibiotics decreased statistically significantly, whereas intravenous use did not. Second, the administration period and charges of antianemic medication decreased significantly, where the prescription was appropriate. Third, the length of hospital stay decreased statistically significantly. Fourth, there were significant statistical differences in cost sharing between the insured and the insurer : cost sharing of the insured was reduced, whereas the share of the insurer increased. However, there was no change in the quality of care. Fifth, there were no statistically significant changes in the Cesarean section rate. As a result, if the fee schedule is reasonably high, hospitals can provide quality care. This DRG pilot study resulted expected outcomes : by paying a higher fee schedule than fee-for-service, then hospitals can provide quality care to their patients and increase hospital profits.
Expression of a Maize Ubiquitin Gene Promoter-<i>bar</i> Chimeric Gene in Transgenic Rice Plants (1992)

We have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of the promoter, first exon, and first intron of a maize ubiquitin gene (Ubi-1) and the coding sequence of the bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. This construct was transferred into rice (Oryza sativa L.) protoplasts via electroporation, and 10 plants were regenerated from calli that had been selected for resistance to exogenously supplied bialaphos. Transgenic plants grown in a greenhouse were resistant to both bialaphos and phosphinothricine at a dosage lethal to untransformed control plants. Evidence of stable integration of the transferred gene into the genome of the regenerated primary transformant plants was obtained from Southern blot analysis. In addition, northern blot analysis indicated expression and proper splicing of the maize ubiquitin gene first intron from the primary chimeric transcript in these transgenic rice plants, and western blot analysis and enzymic assays verified expression of the active bar gene product. Apparent mendelian segregation for bialaphos resistance in T(1) progeny of primary transformants was confirmed.
HBS-Tools for Hairpin Bisulfite Sequencing Data Processing and Analysis (2015)

The emerging genome-wide hairpin bisulfite sequencing (hairpin-BS-Seq) technique enables the determination of the methylation pattern for DNA double strands simultaneously. Compared with traditional bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) techniques, hairpin-BS-Seq can determine methylation fidelity and increase mapping efficiency. However, no computational tool has been designed for the analysis of hairpin-BS-Seq data yet. Here we present HBS-tools, a set of command line based tools for the preprocessing, mapping, methylation calling, and summarizing of genome-wide hairpin-BS-Seq data. It accepts paired-end hairpin-BS-Seq reads to recover the original (pre-bisulfite-converted) sequences using global alignment and then calls the methylation statuses for cytosines on both DNA strands after mapping the original sequences to the reference genome. After applying to hairpin-BS-Seq datasets, we found that HBS-tools have a reduced mapping time and improved mapping efficiency compared with state-of-the-art mapping tools. The HBS-tools source scripts, along with user guide and testing data, are freely available for download.
Synergistic Roles of Slag and Silica Fume in Very High-Strength Concrete (1990)

Abstract A very high-strength concrete (W/C = 0.20) containing 10% silica fume, 30% slag replacement for cement, and a high-range water-reducing admixture attained a compressive strength of 94 MPa at 28 days. The microstructural development of this concrete was studied from 1 to 28 days with SEM/EDXA and TEM. The slag used was reactive, with 70% melilite group phases and an index of hydraulicity of 1.2. Microstructural changes occurring in the first 28 days are presented. The factors responsible for promoting strength are also discussed.
The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon (2005)

Dietary fibres are frequently used for the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis seeds in the management of obesity. This was carried out as a double blind randomised study involving 40 subjects (mean age 42.4 years). Twenty-eight subjects received Irvingia gabonensis (IG) (1.05 g three time a day for one month) while 12 were on placebo (P) and the same schedule. During the one-month study period all subjects were on a normocaloric diet evaluated every week by a dietetic record book. At the end, the mean body weight of the IG group was decreased by 5.26 +/- 2.37% (p < 0.0001) and that of the placebo group by 1.32 +/- 0.41% (p < 0.02). The difference observed between the IG and the placebo groups was significant (p < 0.01). The obese patients under Irvingia gabonensis treatment also had a significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase of HDL-cholesterol. On the other hand, the placebo group did not manifest any changes in blood lipid components. Irvingia gabonensis seed may find application in weight lose.
Syncables: A Framework to Support Seamless Data Migration Across Multiple Platforms (2007)

There is inadequate support for seamless task migration when users use multiple devices to perform a single task. In this paper we present the Syncables framework, a software framework designed to alleviate the problem associated with task migration. The Syncables framework can be used to migrate task data and state information across platforms. In the paper we describe the goals, design and an implementation of Syncables. We highlight features, such as a consistent naming scheme, ability for applications to define their own arbitrary Syncable types and use of transcoders and filters. Syncables will help us develop 'continuous user interfaces' that automatically bridge task disconnects.
Reduction in Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Burns (2014)

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Do methadone and buprenorphine have the same impact on psychopathological symptoms of heroin addicts? (2011)

Heroin-dependent patients with psychiatric comorbidities may benefit from opioid agonist treatment not only because it targets their addictive problem, but also, precisely due to this, because it is effective against their mental disorder too.
Improved test methodology for multi-clock domain SoC ATPG testing (2013)

This paper proposes a test strategy for improving SoC ATPG testing. On-chip clock controller (OCC) is used to yield better at-speed test coverage and pattern generation. In addition, clock gating structure, coupled with virtual clock grouping constraint is implemented to guide stuck-at ATPG generation process. The proposed solution enables fewer ATPG generation iteration which helps to reduce test pattern count and optimize ATPG run time.
Three-Phase Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation over Supported Glass Fiber Catalysts: Reaction Kinetics Study (2000)

The catalytic properties of Pd and Pt supported on woven glass fibers (GF) were investigated in the three-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB). Over all catalysts, a 100 % yield of aniline was attained. The catalytic activity for the best catalysts was two times higher than the activity of commercial Pt/C catalyst traditionally used for liquid–phase hydrogenation. The intrinsic reaction kinetics were studied and a reaction scheme is suggested. The direct formation of aniline from NB was observed over Pd/GF with traces of intermediates. Four intermediate products were detected during aniline formation over Pt/GF: nitrosobenzene, phenylhydroxylamine, azoxybenzene, and azobenzene. The Eley-Rideal kinetic model fits the experimental data well. The parameters of the model were determined as a function of initial NB concentration and hydrogen pressure. Pt and Pd supported on GF in woven fabrics are suggested as suitable materials for reactors with a structured catalytic bed in multi-phase reactor performance.
Collective assertions (2011)

We introduce the notion of collective assertions for message-passing-based parallel programs with distributed memory, such as those written using the Message Passing Interface. A single collective assertion comprises a set of locations in each process and an expression on the global state. The semantics are defined as follows: whenever control in a process reaches one of the locations, a of the local state of that process is sent to a coordinator; once a snapshot has been received from each process, the expression is evaluated on the global state formed by uniting the snapshots. We have extended the Toolkit for Accurate Scientific Software (TASS), a verifier based on symbolic execution and explicit state enumeration, to check that collective assertions hold on all possible executions of a C/MPI program. We give several examples of such programs, show that many properties of them are naturally expressed as collective assertions, and use TASS to verify or refute these.
Infrared and molecular beam studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces (2002)

The experimental technology available to surface scientists has improved enormously over the last few decades, and most properties of solid surfaces can now be characterized in great detail. In particular, extensive knowledge has been accumulated on the structure, composition, and electronic and dynamic behaviour of many metal, semiconductor and ionic surfaces. Great progress has also been made in the use of those techniques to widen our understanding of surfaces physics, surface bonding and adsorption. The field of surface chemical kinetics, on the other hand, has been advanced to a lesser degree. Here we describe the approach taken in our laboratory to study the kinetics of the reactions followed by molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces, in particular those relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. Special emphasis is placed on describing the use of infrared spectroscopy for the characterization of surface intermediates and molecular beams for the measurement of reaction rates. Some examples of results from those studies are provided, and a few ideas for future directions in this field are proposed.
Overlapping clusters for distributed computation (2012)

Most graph decomposition procedures seek to partition a graph into disjoint sets of vertices. Motivated by applications of clustering in distributed computation, we describe a graph decomposition algorithm for the paradigm where the partitions intersect. This algorithm covers the vertex set with a collection of overlapping clusters. Each vertex in the graph is well-contained within some cluster in the collection. We then describe a framework for distributed computation across a collection of overlapping clusters and describe how this framework can be used in various algorithms based on the graph diffusion process. In particular, we focus on two illustrative examples: (i) the simulation of a randomly walking particle and (ii) the solution of a linear system, e.g. PageRank. Our simulation results for these two cases show a significant reduction in swapping between clusters in a random walk, a significant decrease in communication volume during a linear system solve in a geometric mesh, and some ability to reduce the communication volume during a linear system solve in an information network.
Identification of Tyrosinase Inhibitors from<i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> (2005)

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in the production of melanins. Phytochemical studies of a Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract were performed by measuring the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity. Glycyrrhisoflavone and glyasperin C were identified as tyrosinase inhibitors for the first time. Glyasperin C showed a stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC (50) = 0.13 +/- 0.01 microg/mL) than glabridin (IC (50) = 0.25 +/- 0.01 microg/mL) and a moderate inhibition of melanin production (17.65 +/- 8.8 % at 5 microg/mL). Glycyrrhisoflavone showed a strong melanin synthesis inhibitory activity (63.73 +/- 6.8 % inhibition at 5 microg/mL). These results suggest that glyasperin C and glycyrrhisoflavone could be promising candidates in the design of skin-whitening agents.
Outils d'imagerie multimodalité pour la neuroradiologie interventionnelle (2000)

DANS LE CADRE DE LA NEURORADIOLOGIE INTERVENTIONNELLE, LE MEDECIN UTILISE DIVERSES MODALITES D'IMAGERIE : L'ANGIOGRAPHIE NUMERIQUE SOUSTRAITE (DSA), L'ANGIOGRAPHIE TRIDIMENSIONNELLE (3DXA) ET L'IMAGERIE PAR RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE (IRM). LEUR COMPLEMENTARITE NE PEUT ETRE RENTABILISEE QUE SI CELLES-CI SONT RECALEES. CE TRAVAIL DE THESE PROPOSE DES SOLUTIONS AU PROBLEME DES RECALAGES DSA/3DXA PUIS 3DXA/IRM QUI NE REQUIERENT AUCUNE SEGMENTATION. LE RECALAGE D'UNE IMAGE DSA AVEC UN VOLUME 3DXA EST ABORDE COMME LA RECHERCHE DES PARAMETRES D'UNE PROJECTION CONIQUE PERTURBEE PAR UN CHAMP DE DISTORSIONS DANS LE PLAN IMAGE. NOUS DECRIVONS DES PROCEDURES DE CALIBRATION DE LA MACHINE D'ANGIOGRAPHIE QUI PERMETTENT DE RETROUVER LES DISTORSIONS PAR INTERPOLATION ET CONDUISENT A UNE ESTIMATION FIABLE DES PARAMETRES INTRINSEQUES DE LA PROJECTION CONIQUE. LA QUESTION DU RECALAGE DSA/3DXA SE POSE ALORS COMME L'ESTIMATION DES PARAMETRES EXTRINSEQUES DE LA PROJECTION CONIQUE. NOUS DECRIVONS UN ALGORITHME ORIGINAL POUR LES RETROUVER EN SE BASANT SUR LA COMPARAISON DE L'IMAGE DSA AVEC LA PROJECTION EN MAXIMUM D'INTENSITE (PROJECTION MIP) DU VOLUME 3DXA. UN RECALAGE INITIAL EST REALISE EN MAXIMISANT LE SCORE DE CORRELATION LINEAIRE PUIS LE RESULTAT EST AFFINE A TRAVERS UNE PROCEDURE ITERATIVE SE BASANT SUR UN CALCUL DE FLUX OPTIQUE. LE RECALAGE 3DXA/IRM EST ENFIN ETUDIE. LE PRINCIPAL OBSTACLE RESIDE DANS LA TRES GRANDE DIFFERENCE QUI EXISTE ENTRE LES SIGNAUX. AFIN DE LE SURMONTER, NOUS PROPOSONS UNE APPROCHE BASEE SUR LA DEFINITION MODULAIRE D'UN CRITERE DE SIMILARITE DE VOXELS. SON PRINCIPE CONSISTE A FILTRER LES DONNEES POUR LES RENDRE PLUS SIMILAIRES, PUIS DE LES COMPARER PAR UN CRITERE DE CORRELATION LINEAIRE. LA MISE EN UVRE DE CETTE STRATEGIE POUR LE CAS PARTICULIER DU RECALAGE 3DXA/IRM CONDUIT A UN ALGORITHME ORIGINAL, A LA FOIS PRECIS ET RAPIDE. CET ALGORITHME EST VALIDE PAR COMPARAISON AVEC LE RESULTAT D'UN RECALAGE ENTIEREMENT MANUEL.
Development of an In-Situ Mass Spectrometer for Stable Isotope Analysis (2003)

Abstract : Long-term goals for this project are to extend the use and application of small portable in-situ isotope ratio mass spectrometers for studies of a wide range of dissolved chemical species, including various forms of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon. Isotopic assessment of dissolved species can lead to the development of predictive tools for determining the biological-physical response of coastal oceans to natural climatic and anthropogenic changes, and to the seasonal development of physical boundary conditions (e.g., particle density distributions and perturbations in light transmittance).
Structural Basis for the Lower Affinity of the Insulin-like Growth Factors for the Insulin Receptor (2007)

Insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) bind with high affinity to their cognate receptor and with lower affinity to the noncognate receptor. The major structural difference between insulin and the IGFs is that the IGFs are single chain polypeptides containing A-, B-, C-, and D-domains, whereas the insulin molecule contains separate A- and B-chains. The C-domain of IGF-I is critical for high affinity binding to the insulin-like growth factor I receptor, and lack of a C-domain largely explains the low affinity of insulin for the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. It is less clear why the IGFs have lower affinity for the insulin receptor. In this study, 24 insulin analogues and four IGF analogues were expressed and analyzed to explore the role of amino acid differences in the A- and B-domains between insulin and the IGFs in binding affinity for the insulin receptor. Using the information obtained from single substituted analogues, four multiple substituted analogues were produced. A "quadruple insulin" analogue ([Phe(A8), Ser(A10), Thr(B5), Gln(B16)]Ins) showed affinity as IGF-I for the insulin receptor, and a "sextuple insulin" analogue ([Phe(A8), Ser(A10), Thr(A18), Thr(B5), Thr(B14), Gln(B16)]Ins) showed an affinity close to that of IGF-II for the insulin receptor, whereas a "quadruple IGF-I" analogue ([His(4), Tyr(15), Thr(49), Ile(51)]IGF-I) and a "sextuple IGF-II" analogue ([His(7), Ala(16), Tyr(18), Thr(48), Ile(50), Asn(58)]IGF-II) showed affinities similar to that of insulin for the insulin receptor. The mitogenic potency of these analogues correlated well with the binding properties. Thus, a small number of A- and B-domain substitutions that map to the IGF surface equivalent to the classical binding surface of insulin weaken two hotspots that bind to the insulin receptor site 1.
Effect of dc electric field on the effective microwave surface impedance of YBa2Cu3O7/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 trilayers (1993)

We have studied the effect of a dc electric field on the effective microwave surface impedance of a thin film YBa2Cu3O7/SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO/STO/YBCO) trilayer by a dielectric resonator technique. At large dc electric fields (≳105 V/cm), both the effective surface resistance and reactance of the sample decrease monotonically with increasing dc voltage applied to the to YBCO film, yielding at 25 K and 24.7 GHz ‖δRs/δVdc‖∼0.25 μΩ/V and ‖δXs/δVdc‖∼1.8 μΩ/V, respectively. A two-fluid analysis indicates that the changes in the surface impedance can be explained in terms of field induced changes in the superconducting carrier density of the top YBCO film.
Polystyrene/Divinylbenzene Based Monolithic and Encapsulated Capillary Columns for the Analysis of Nucleic Acids by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Abstract Monolithic capillary columns are prepared by copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene, encapsulated capillary columns by immobilizing silica particles with different pore sizes inside a 200 μm i.d. fused silica capillary by encapsulation of the derivatized silica sorbent in a poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) (PS/DVB) matrix. Both allow the rapid and highly efficient separation of single‐ and double‐stranded DNA by ion‐pair reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (IP‐RP‐HPLC). The high resolving power of monolithic and encapsulated capillary columns can be utilized for mutation screening in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified polymorphic loci by denaturing HPLC (DHPLC). Recognition of mutations is based on the separation of homo‐ and heteroduplex species by IP‐RP‐HPLC under denaturing conditions, resulting in characteristic peak patterns both for homozygous and heterozygous samples. Separations can be readily hyphenated to electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry.