gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TNF‐α stimulates Akt by a distinct aPKC‐dependent pathway in premalignant keratinocytes (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Some of these effects are mediated by the stimulatory effect of this cytokine on the Akt signalling pathway, which renders keratinocytes less susceptible to proapoptotic stimuli and enhances cell growth. We have recently shown that TNF-alpha-induced Akt activation may promote the early stages of skin cancer. In this work, we demonstrate that in the premalignant keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, TNF-alpha activates Akt, ERK1/2 and p38. The specific peptide blocking the activity of the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) species zeta and iota/lambda abrogated the effects of TNF-alpha on Akt and ERK1/2 but increased the activation of p38. The TNF-alpha-dependent phosphorylation of Akt-ERK1/2 was slightly decreased by NF kappaB inhibition and in the presence of p38 blockers. Akt/ERK signalling but not p38 activation was abolished in the presence of the iron chelator desferroxamine that blocks formation of hydroxyl ( OH) radicals. Thus, the TNF-alpha signalling in keratinocytes seems to bifurcate into an aPKC-, NFkB- and OH-dependent pathway resulting in the activation of survival and mitogenic pathways mediated by Akt and ERK1/2, and a signalling pathway conveyed by p38 that contributes to Akt activation but is suppressed by aPKC. Our data may be utilized in the development of more selective anti-TNF-alpha therapeutic strategies.
Chemoprevention of oral cancer by black raspberries. (2003)

Oral cavity cancers represent 2.5% of the cancers that occur in the United States and are ranked sixth worldwide. Since current therapeutic protocols are relatively ineffective, alternative strategies for prevention need to be developed and tested in appropriate animal models. In the study reported herein, the hamster cheek pouch (HCP) was used to evaluate the ability of black raspberries to inhibit oral cavity tumors. Male Syrian Golden hamsters, 3-4 weeks of age, were fed 5% and 10% lyophilized black raspberries (LBR) in the diet for two weeks prior to treatment with 0.2% 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene in dimethylsulfoxide and for 10 weeks thereafter. HCPs were painted 3X/week for eight weeks. The animals were sacrificed 12-13 weeks from the beginning of DMBA treatment and the number and volume of tumors (mm3) determined. There was a significant difference (p = 0.02) in the number of tumors between the 5% LBR and control groups (27 tumors/14 animals and 48 tumors/15 animals, respectively) and an intermediate number of tumors in the 10% berry-treated animals (39 tumors/15 animals). These experiments support previous studies from our laboratories showing the chemopreventive activity of black raspberries and show, for the first time, that dietary black raspberries will inhibit tumor formation in the oral cavity.
Introduction (2017)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book describes that athlete-centred coaching is an idea that has developed into a movement to empower athletes and foster more humanistic coaching, where athletes have more responsibility and ownership of their development and performance. It brings together leading and innovative thinkers in the field of coaching pedagogy to provide a range of perspectives on an athlete-centred coaching approach. The book focuses on the developments in theoretical perspectives, research perspectives and researcher-practitioner and practitioner involvement in athlete-centred coaching. It intends to engage undergraduate and postgraduate students in physical education and sport coaching, practicing coaches and coach educators. The book explains the Sport pedagogy research and examines the complexity of athletes. It discusses the biological diversity of athletes and how that may be catered for in an athlete-centred approach. The book addresses the conceptual, cultural, pedagogical and political challenges of using an athlete-centred approach.
Anti-inflammatory potential of CB1-mediated cAMP elevation in mast cells (2005)

Cannabinoids are broadly immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported for certain marijuana constituents and endogenously produced cannabinoids. The CB2 cannabinoid receptor is an established constituent of immune system cells, and we have recently established that the CB1 cannabinoid receptor is expressed in mast cells. In the present study, we sought to define a role for CB1 in mast cells and to identify the signalling pathways that may mediate the suppressive effects of CB1 ligation on mast cell activation. Our results show that CB1 and CB2 mediate diametrically opposed effects on cAMP levels in mast cells. The observed long-term stimulation of cAMP levels by the Galpha(i/o)-coupled CB1 is paradoxical, and our results indicate that it may be attributed to CB1-mediated transcriptional regulation of specific adenylate cyclase isoenzymes that exhibit superactivatable kinetics. Taken together, these results reveal the complexity in signalling of natively co-expressed cannabinoid receptors and suggest that some anti-inflammatory effects of CB1 ligands may be attributable to sustained cAMP elevation that, in turn, causes suppression of mast cell degranulation.
The Toughening of Epoxy Resins with Reactive Polybutadienes (1984)

The modification of epoxy resins with carboxyl-terminated and hydroxyl-terminated liquid polybutadienes is described. The effect of this modification on the toughening of cured resins is compared with the effect of carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers (CTBN). Carboxyl-terminated polybutadienes (CTPB) are less compatible with the resin than CTBNs; resins modified with a prereacted CTPB of molecular weight ∼2000 separate into two phases at room temperature, but may form a homogeneous solution at the elevated temperatures used in curing with anhydrides. The miscibility of the polybutadienes (PBD) was increased by attaching to the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or CTPB polyester end-blocks formed by an in situ reaction of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and phenyl glycidyl ether. The toughness of cured resins modified with prereacted CTPBs or PBDs with polyester end-blocks was comparable to those modified with CTBNs, although their morphology was usually much finer and had diffuse phase-separated regions.
A 100GHz Bandwidth Matched Chip to PCB Transition Using Bond Wires for Broadband Matching (2008)

A transition between a microstrip line on a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) made of silicon and a microstrip line edged on a printed circuit board (PCB) consisting of Rogers 3003 substrate is presented. This transition uses a specially designed an optimized arrangement of bonding wires to achieve a matched bandwidth of nearly 100 GHz. this extremely large bandwidth is needed for applications in frequency flexible or very broad band systems [S. Trotta et al., 2007] or for ultra high frequency devices [2] to be operated on a PCB, which is mandatory for commercial usage. The parasitic inductance of a bond wire does not become a problem at moderate frequencies. Newer technologies like automotive radar [B. Dehlin et al., 2006], [S. Trotta et al., 2007] or point to point transmitters operate at several dozens of gigahertz. At these frequencies connections by bond wires represent a major problem, because the impedance of the bond wire increases approximately linearly with frequency [Sang-Ki Yun et al., 1995]. Equation (1) shows that even moderate inductances provoke very large impedances at a frequency of 100 GHz, hindering efficient transmission of waves. The dramatic influence of these inductances, even for frequencies as moderate as 10 GHz, is shown in [A. Chandrasekhart et al., 2003].
Solid-state formation of titanium carbide and molybdenum carbide as contacts for carbon-containing semiconductors (2006)

Metal carbides are good candidates to contact carbon-based semiconductors (SiC, diamond, and carbon nanotubes). Here, we report on an in situ study of carbide formation during the solid-state reaction between thin Ti or Mo films and C substrates. Titanium carbide (TiC) was previously reported as a contact material to diamond and carbon nanotubes. However, the present study shows two disadvantages for the solid-state reaction of Ti and C. First, because Ti reacts readily with oxygen, a capping layer should be included to enable carbide formation. Second, the TiC phase can exist over a wide range of composition (about 10%, i.e., from Ti0.5C0.5 to Ti0.6C0.4), leading to significant variations in the properties of the material formed. The study of the Mo–C system suggests that molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a promising alternative, since the phase shows a lower resistivity (about 45% lower than for TiC), the carbide forms below 900°C, and its formation is less sensitive to oxidation as compared with the Ti–C system. The measured resistivity for Mo2C is ρ=59μΩcm, and from kinetic studies an activation energy for Mo2C formation of Ea=3.15±0.15eV was obtained.
Urban Sociology: The Contribution and Limits of Political Economy (1993)

This paper departs from reviews of urban sociology that juxtapose competing Marxist and ecological theories, arguing instead that over the last 25 years a venerable social organization paradigm has been superseded by a fertile political economy paradigm that continues to orchestrate current research. The contributions of political economy are reviewed under six headings: historical explanation, comparative studies, socioeconomic processes, spatial relations, ethnicity and community, and political movements. The conclusion argues that urban sociology is currently in need of new directions. Some criticisms and alternatives are suggested.
liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid in a single stage (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTliquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid in a single stageDubasi Govardhana Rao and Raghunathan S. TirukkoyilurCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 1, 299–304Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200032a049https://doi.org/10.1021/i200032a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The nonpeptidyl caspase binding radioligand (S)-1-(4-(2-[18F]Fluoroethoxy)-benzyl)-5-[1-(2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]isatin ([18F]CbR) as potential positron emission tomography-compatible apoptosis imaging agent. (2007)

As shown by biodistribution studies and small animal positron emission tomography a nonpeptidyl 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatin-type caspase inhibitor (S)-1-(4-(2-[(18)F]Fluoroetho-xy)benzyl)-5-[1-(2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]isatin [(18)F]2 with rapid blood clearance characteristics could potentially detect apoptosis in vivo.
ON THE AERODYNAMICS OF WINDMILL BLADES (1976)

The optimum twist of a windmill blade is examined on the basis of elementary blade-element theory. For a given wind speed and blade angular velocity, it is shown that the maximum power efficiency is achieved when the blade is twisted according to a program that depends upon the variation of the sectional lift and drag coefficients with angle of attack. Results for a typical airfoil cross-section show that the optimum angle of attack decreases from the maximum-lift-coefficient angle of attack at the blade root to greater than eighty percent of this value at the blade tip.
STAT3 Silencing in Dendritic Cells by siRNA Polyplexes Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles for the Modulation of Anticancer Immune Response (2010)

In dendritic cells (DCs), the induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by tumor-derived factors (TDFs) renders DCs tolerogenic and suppresses their antitumor activity. Therefore, silencing STAT3 in DCs is beneficial for cancer immunotherapy. We have shown that STAT3 knockdown in B16 murine melanoma by siRNA polyplexes of polyethylenimine (PEI) or its stearic acid derivative (PEI-StA) induces B16 cell death in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the physical encapsulation of siRNA/PEI and PEI-StA polyplexes in poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for STAT3 knockdown in DCs. PLGA NPs containing siRNA polyplexes of PEI (PLGA-P) and PEI-StA (PLGA-PS) had an average diameter of ~350 to 390 nm and a zeta potential of ∼-13 to -19 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency (E.E.) of siRNA in PLGA-P and PLGA-PS was 26% and 43%, respectively. In both NP types, siRNA release followed a triphasic pattern, but it was faster in PLGA-PS. Our uptake study by fluorescence microscopy confirmed DC uptake and endosomal localization of both NP types. After exposure to B16.F10 conditioned medium, DCs showed high STAT3 and low CD86 expression indicating impaired function. STAT3 silencing by PLGA-P and PLGA-PS of STAT3 siRNA restored DC maturation and functionality as evidenced by the upregulation of CD86 expression, high secretion of TNF-α and significant allogenic T cell proliferation. Moreover, encapsulation in PLGA NPs significantly reduced PEI-associated toxicity on DCs. We propose this formulation as a strategy for targeted siRNA delivery to DCs. The potential of this approach is not limited to STAT3 downregulation in DCs but can be used to target the expression of other proteins as well. Moreover, it can be combined with other means for cancer immunotherapy like cancer vaccine strategies.
High efficiency NbN nanowire superconducting single photon detectors fabricated on MgO substrates from a low temperature process (2008)

We demonstrate high-performance nanowire superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) on bN thin films grown at a temperature compatible with monolithic integration. NbN films ranging from 150 nm to 3 nm in thickness were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on MgO substrates at 400 degrees C SSPDs were fabricated on high quality NbN films of different thickness (7 to 3 nm) deposited under optimal conditions. Electrical and optical characterizations were performed on the SSPDs. The highest QE value measured at 4.2K is 20% at 1300 nm.
A molecular model for SN2 reactions (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA molecular model for SN2 reactionsMelvin S. Newman Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 7, 462Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1975Published inissue 1 July 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p462RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Modelling of concentrated suspensions using a continuum constitutive equation (1998)

We simulate the behaviour of suspensions of large-particle, non-Brownian, neutrally-buoyant spheres in a Newtonian liquid with a Galerkin, finite element, Navier–Stokes solver into which is incorporated a continuum constitutive relationship described by Phillips et al . (1992). This constitutive description couples a Newtonian stress/shear-rate relationship (where the local viscosity of the suspension is dependent on the local volume fraction of solids) with a shear-induced migration model of the suspended particles. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional (axisymmetric) model is benchmarked with a variety of single-phase and two-phase analytic solutions and experimental results. We describe new experimental results using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to determine non-invasively the evolution of the solids-concentration profiles of initially well-mixed suspensions as they separate when subjected to slow flow between counter-rotating eccentric cylinders and to piston-driven flow in a pipe. We show good qualitative and quantitative agreement of the numerical predictions and the experimental measurements. These flows result in complex final distributions of the solids, causing rheological behaviour that cannot be accurately described with typical single-phase constitutive equations.
1964-1965 Year Book of Pediatrics (1965)

The 1964-1965 Year Book of Pediatrics is one of the few annual publications most of us anxiously look forward to with ardent hopes of fulfilling our never ending desire to keep abreast of the increasing number and complexity of the pediatric literature. As we get farther away from our house officer days this quest becomes ever more elusive and each year the papers we read seem to acquire a more recondite tone. Somehow even skimming through the Year Book revives the feeling of once again being the resident who is one up on the attending physician.
Reinekea aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment (2010)

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, non-pigmented and curved rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated IMCC4489(T) and IMCC4451, were isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea. Strains IMCC4489(T) and IMCC4451 shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 78.5 % DNA-DNA relatedness, which suggested that they belonged to the same species. The isolates were most closely related to Reinekea blandensis MED297(T) (98.7-98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Reinekea marinisedimentorum DSM 15388(T) (95.3-95.4 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between the strains and R. blandensis CCUG 52066(T) was 31-34 %. Strains IMCC4489(T) and IMCC4451 could also be differentiated from the type strains of the two recognized Reinekea species by several phenotypic properties. The DNA G+C content was 51.3-51.5 mol% and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. On the basis of the data obtained in this study, it is proposed that strains IMCC4489(T) and IMCC4451 represent a novel species, Reinekea aestuarii sp. nov. The type strain is IMCC4489(T) (=KCTC 22813(T) =KCCM 42938(T) =NBRC 106079(T)).
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flood of the West Kiehl, Minnelusa Unit (1992)

Abstract An alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood was initiated in September 1987 in the Minnelusa Lower "B" sand at the West Kiehl Unit. Subsequent to unitization, two producing wells were drilled outside the Unit boundary. While this extended the productive geologic interpretation of the field, it did not effect the Unit interpretation of the alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood. Production from primary and chemical injection into State 31-36 through November 1991 resulted in 517,521 barrels of oil (82,279 m3) from the Unit wells, of which 456,361 barrels (72,555 m3) were from the area swept by injection into State 31-36. The two Kottraba wells (north of the Unit) have produced 180,686 barrels of oil (28,727 m3) as of November 1991. The- original average oil saturation in the gross swept area was 71.8% PV (69.0% PV in stock tank barrels). The gross swept pore volume of the Unit is 1,294,800 barrels (205,857 m3). The oil recovery efficiency in the gross swept area as of November 1991 is 51.1% OOIP. Projected ultimate production from the gross swept area is 541,158 barrels of oil (86,037 m3)- or 60.6% OOIP. Projected ultimate production from the Unit is 602,318 barrels of oil (95,761 m3). This compares with a primary plus waterflood oil recovery estimate of 39.9% OOIP recovery for the West Kiehl Unit gross swept area. Comparison of the oil recovery efficiency of the West Kiehl with other Minnelusa waterfloods and polymer floods suggests the West Kiehl has out performed these other Minnelusa floods. Using the Slider technique, the displacement efficiencies of the areas swept by the State 32-36 and State 42-36 in the Unit and Kottraba Federal 2515 were 71.3%, 52.7% and 58.1%, respectively. Comparative efficiency factors for a waterflood in the Hamm Unit and a polymer flood in the OK Field are 28.5% and 45.6%. The West Kiehl, OK Field, and Hamm Unit are all Lower "B" Minnelusa Fields. A total of 184,794 incremental barrels of oil (29,380 m3) are projected for the Unit at an incremental cost of $393,458- or $2.13 per incremental barrel of oil ($13.40 per m3). No injected chemical production has been observed in the Unit wells- or the Kottraba wells as of November 1991. No changes in the Hall plot slopes were observed once a stable slope was achieved until water break through occurred at State 32-36. Alkali plus surfactant plus polymer was injected without damage to the Minnelusa formation.
Implicit active contours for N-dimensional biomedical image segmentation (2012)

The segmentation of shapes from biomedical images has a wide range of uses such as image based modelling and bioimage analysis. In this paper, an active contour model is proposed for the segmentation of N-dimensional biomedical images. The proposed model uses a curvature smoothing flow and an image attraction force derived from the interactions between the geometries of the active contour model and the image objects. The active contour model is formulated using the level set method so as to handle topological changes automatically. The magnitude and orientation of the image attraction force is based on the relative geometric configurations between the active contour model and the image object boundaries. The vector force field is therefore dynamic, and the active contour model can propagate through narrow structures to segment complex shapes efficiently. The proposed model utilizes pixel interactions across the image domain, which gives a coherent representation of the image object shapes. This allows the active contour model to be robust to image noise and weak object edges. The proposed model is compared against widely used active contour models in the segmentation of anatomical shapes from biomedical images. It is shown that the proposed model has several advantages over existing techniques and can be used for the segmentation of biomedical images efficiently.