gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New operative method for a giant bulla: sutureless and stapleless thoracoscopic surgery using the Ligasure system (2002)

Thoracoscopic bullectomy performed with staplers is the main treatment for giant bullae in many institutions. However, there are certain problems associated with the increasing use of stapling devices. In response, we have applied a new operative method in which we excised a bulla with an ultrasonic-driven scalpel and successfully sealed the cut ends using the LigaSure Vessel Sealing System, a new bipolar system developed by Valleylab Inc. Herein we describe our experience with this newly designed technique which could render possible 'sutureless and stapleless' thoracoscopic surgery in the future.
Cytotoxic Activity of Chalcones Isolated from <i>Lonchocarpus Sericeus</i> (Pocr.) Kunth (2003)

In the present study, it was demonstrated that the hexanic extract obtained from the roots of Lonchocarpus sericeus and one of its major components, derricin, but not lonchocarpin, show cytotoxic activity to fertilized sea urchin eggs. Both inhibited the first cleavage of sea urchin eggs in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 30.4 (26.2-35.3) microgram/mL for the crude extract and 51.2 (42.1-62.3) microgram/mL for derricin (n = 6, in both cases). Furthermore, the hexanic extract of L. sericeus, and the isolated compounds, derricin and lonchocarpin showed cytotoxicity against CEM leukaemic cell line (IC(50) = 17.6 (13.7-22.6), 13.0 (12.0-14.0) and 10.4 (5.6-19.1) microgram/ml (n = 6), respectively). When these substances (6.25 to 125 microgram/25 microL) were examined for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, none of them were found to be active. Neither the hexanic extract, nor the isolated compounds derricin and lonchocarpin (0.5 to 250 microgram/mL) presented hemolytic activity. These results indicated a possible antimitotic activity of L. sericeus crude extract and their major constituents.
Teaching Psychosocial Care to Long-Term Care Nursing Assistants (1997)

This article describes a training program that teaches nursing assistants to provide psychosocial care and manage problem behaviors, not just provide basic physical care, for elderly nursing home residents. Addressed are the variety of techniques that can be used to approach nursing assistant students as adult learners in any healthcare setting-long term, acute or home care.
Volume structured ordinal features with background similarity measure for video face recognition (2013)

It has been shown in different studies the benefits of using spatio-temporal information for video face recognition. However, most of the existing spatio-temporal representations do not capture the local discriminative information present in human faces. In this paper we introduce a new local spatio-temporal descriptor, based on structured ordinal features, for video face recognition. The proposed method not only encodes jointly the local spatial and temporal information, but also extracts the most discriminative facial dynamic information while trying to discard spatio-temporal features related to intra-personal variations. Besides, a similarity measure based on a set of background samples is proposed to be used with our descriptor, showing to boost its performance. Extensive experiments conducted on the recent but difficult YouTube Faces database demonstrate the good performance of our proposal, achieving state-of-the-art results.
Band-Edge Tuning in Self-Assembled Layers of Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles Used To Photosensitize Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> (2003)

Self-assembled layers of Bi2S3 nanoparticles have been used to sensitize nanocrystalline titanium dioxide, replacing the ruthenium dye used in conventional dye-sensitized solar cells. We report band-edge tuning of the bismuth sulfide quantum dot particles by adsorption of sulfide ions. In the absence of sulfide ions, only smaller Bi2S3 particles with a large band gap inject electrons into the TiO2. Progressive addition of sulfide ions shifts the conduction band of the Bi2S3 upward, so that larger nanoparticles begin to inject and the long wavelength component of the photocurrent response increases. The observation suggests that band-edge tuning may form a useful part of strategies designed to exploit semiconductor quantum dots as sensitizers.
Efficient simulation of large bodies of water by coupling two and three dimensional techniques (2006)

We present a new method for the efficient simulation of large bodies of water, especially effective when three-dimensional surface effects are important. Similar to a traditional two-dimensional height field approach, most of the water volume is represented by tall cells which are assumed to have linear pressure profiles. In order to avoid the limitations typically associated with a height field approach, we simulate the entire top surface of the water volume with a state of the art, fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes free surface solver. Our philosophy is to use the best available method near the interface (in the three-dimensional region) and to coarsen the mesh away from the interface for efficiency. We coarsen with tall, thin cells (as opposed to octrees or AMR), because they maintain good resolution horizontally allowing for accurate representation of bottom topography.
Optical considerations of high-resolution photomask phase metrology (2005)

We discuss the major challenges facing interferometric metrology and review several optical architectures that have evolved to meet the demands of the photolithography industry. Reliable image formation at extreme values of k1 requires the precise characterization of advanced photomasks, which may themselves contain near- and sub-illumination-wavelength feature sizes. The limitations of available photomask phase metrology tools have driven the development of a new actinic phase metrology architecture that facilitates optical path difference measurements of isolated or dense features on a sub-200-nm spatial scale. We describe the optical considerations that affect optical photomask metrology, and illustrate the new coherent-probe technique with preliminary results obtained using a leading-edge chromeless-phase lithography (CPL) reticle and a high-resolution actinic 193-nm microscope.
Second-Harmonic Generation from Sub-5 nm Gaps by Directed Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles onto Template-Stripped Gold Substrates (2015)

Strong field enhancement and confinement in plasmonic nanostructures provide suitable conditions for nonlinear optics in ultracompact dimensions. Despite these enhancements, second-harmonic generation (SHG) is still inefficient due to the centrosymmetric crystal structure of the bulk metals used, e.g., Au and Ag. Taking advantage of symmetry breaking at the metal surface, one could greatly enhance SHG by engineering these metal surfaces in regions where the strong electric fields are localized. Here, we combine top-down lithography and bottom-up self-assembly to lodge single rows of 8 nm diameter Au nanoparticles into trenches in a Au film. The resultant "double gap" structures increase the surface-to-volume ratio of Au colocated with the strong fields in ∼2 nm gaps to fully exploit the surface SHG of Au. Compared to a densely packed arrangement of AuNPs on a smooth Au film, the double gaps enhance SHG emission by 4200-fold to achieve an effective second-order susceptibility χ((2)) of 6.1 pm/V, making it comparable with typical nonlinear crystals. This patterning approach also allows for the scalable fabrication of smooth gold surfaces with sub-5 nm gaps and presents opportunities for optical frequency up-conversion in applications that require extreme miniaturization.
Difficulties and advantages of access to corporative information in Internet (2002)

In connection with the development of the Internet has arisen the question of the use of the Web as a platform for working with databases. The advantage of using databases on the Internet is that the amount of users increases. The user can access the database by means of a UNIX workstation or other computer platforms, which can work with Web browsers. However, technically the Web can be just the next variety of client-server platform, it is radically distinguished from the traditional client server architecture and many approaches are not applicable. This sphere could have real advantages in rapid application development. Many modern software products present the developers with a temporary method of transition to the Web database development process associated with a large number of technical barriers that need a deep understanding of differences between client-server and the Web.
Future prospects of the cable TV networks: New technologies and new services (1993)

This paper reviews the future prospects of the cable television networks. New technologies are going to affect profoundly the sector, with the growing use of optical fiber cables and the introduction of digital compression and transmission methods. It will be possible to transmit four digital TV channels inside the bandwidth previously occupied by a single channel. New services become available, such as Pay Per View or Video On Demand. Smart cards provide optimal solutions to the critical access control issues. In the longer term, a convergence of the cable television networks and the broadband communications networks can be expected.
<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>and Aspergillosis (1999)

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most ubiquitous of the airborne saprophytic fungi. Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. The conidia are normally eliminated in the immunocompetent host by innate immune mechanisms, and aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, uncommon clinical syndromes, are the only infections observed in such hosts. Thus, A. fumigatus was considered for years to be a weak pathogen. With increases in the number of immunosuppressed patients, however, there has been a dramatic increase in severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis, now the most common mold infection worldwide. In this review, the focus is on the biology of A. fumigatus and the diseases it causes. Included are discussions of (i) genomic and molecular characterization of the organism, (ii) clinical and laboratory methods available for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, (iii) identification of host and fungal factors that play a role in the establishment of the fungus in vivo, and (iv) problems associated with antifungal therapy.
Machine learning in quantitative histopathology. (1988)

The role of expert systems functioning as process controllers in learning image understanding systems is discussed. Numeric learning systems already have found a number of applications in cytologic and histopathologic diagnosis. Depending on the required capabilities, systems of increasing complexity are needed. Expert systems to guide scene segmentation in histopathologic imagery require model-based reasoning. Diagnostic image interpretation with learning capability demands a full model of the human expert's competence, including a considerable variety of knowledge representation schemes and inference strategies, coordinated by a meta-process controller.
Packaging for a 40-channel parallel optical interconnection module with an over 25-Gb/s throughput (2002)

NTT is currently working on a project aimed at developing an interconnection module which has high throughput and is both compact and cost-effective. This project is called "parallel interboard optical interconnection technology", or "ParaBIT". The ParaBIT module being developed as the first step in this project is a front-end module with 40 channels, throughput of over 25 Gb/s, and transmission over 100 m along multimode fibers. One major feature of this module is the use of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays as very cost-effective light sources. These arrays also enable a packaging structure that includes transmitter and receiver in one package. To achieve super-multichannel performance, new high-density multiport Bare Fiber (BF) connectors have been developed for the optical interface of the modules. Unlike conventional optical connectors, the BF connectors do not need a ferrule or spring. This ensures physical contact with excellent insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB for every channel. A polymeric optical waveguide film with a 45/spl deg/ mirror for coupling to the VCSEL/PD arrays by passive optical alignment has also been developed. Also to ensure easy coupling between the VCSEL/PD array chips and the waveguide, a packaging technique has been developed to align and diebond the optical array chips on a substrate. This technique is called Transferred Multichip Bonding (TMB), and can be used to mount optical array chips on a substrate with a positioning error of only several micrometers. These packaging techniques offer the performance of an ultra-parallel interconnection in prototype ParaBIT modules.
Electron injection and emittance control by transverse colliding pulses in a laser-plasma accelerator (2014)

A method to inject electron beams with controllable transverse emittances in a laser-plasma accelerators is proposed and analyzed. It uses two colliding laser pulses that propagate transversely to the plasma wave. For colliding pulses with equal frequencies, a beam with very low emittance is generated when the collision is close to the density peak of the plasma wave. Electrons near the axis are accelerated longitudinally by the ponderomotive force of the colliding pulses, accelerated transversely by the beat wave, and subsequently injected into the second bucket of the wake. Ionization is used to increase the transverse injection area and the final trapped charge. Simulations show that the transverse emittance can be less than the 0.1 mm mrad level, which is important for many applications. For colliding laser pulses with different frequencies, the beat wave can produce asymmetric injection, which can enhance betatron radiation generated by the electron beam.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptors in fetuses with cystic fibrosis (1989)

Fetuses were investigated to establish whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its receptors are involved in the basic biochemical defect causing cystic fibrosis (CF). The intestine was used as a target for the disease and the liver as control. The immunoreactive and biologically active VIP contents of the colon and lower part of the small intestine were 1.5-2.5 times higher in CF fetuses than in controls. In control and CF intestinal mucosa, there was no change in the Scatchard parameters of the 125I-labeled VIP binding sites (Kd = 4.7-6.1 X 10(-11) M; Bmax = 268-280 fmol/mg protein for the high-affinity sites), in the two molecular components constituting the cross-linked 125I-VIP binding (Mr = 66,000 and 30,000), or in the pharmacological properties and functional characteristics of the VIP receptors activating the G proteins-adenylate cyclase system (Ka = 0.7 X 10(-9) M VIP). Similar results were obtained in liver. These findings suggest that neither VIP nor its receptors are involved in CF intestine. The possible involvement of other effectors related to the VIP pathway in CF intestine, including the release of VIP and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate signal-transduction cascade, are presented.
Mass Ligand Binding Screening for Receptor Antagonists: Prototype New Drugs and Blind Alleys (1991)

The ligand binding assay is a powerful tool in the search for antagonists for novel receptors, and for identification of novel classes of antagonists for well-known receptors. Ligand binding mass screening can be adapted for very high throughput. In order for mass screening to be useful, it is necessary to strictly define the binding characteristics for a compound to be considered a putative receptor antagonist. In practice, we have found that synthetic pursuit of a compound with a Ki of greater than or equal to 1 microM is likely to lead down a blind alley unless very good evidence for specificity is available. Even potent competitors for binding should be thoroughly evaluated in assays of biological activity before a synthetic program is initiated in earnest.
Synthesis of Two New Thiazole-containing Oligopeptides as Potential DNA Minor Groove Binding Analogs of Netropsin (1991)

On the basis of previous studies on synthetic models related to the antibiotic agents Netropsin and Distamycin-A, the design and synthesis of two potential DNA minor groove ligands are described.Methia-Nt and lsothia-Nt were prepared by liquid-phase peptidic synthesis from the key compounds ethyl 2-amino-5-methyithiazoie-4-carboxylate (1) and ethyl 2-aminothiazole-Scarboxylate (8) respectively.Most of antitumor agents used in clinic are thought to exert their cytotoxic activity by modifying the DNA metabolism.1 Beside drugs which covalently bind DNA,z other compounds are known to induce DNA breakage or inhibit the nucieic acids synthesis by intercaiative3 or non intercalative4 processes.Among this last class, two natural compounds, the antibiotics Netropsin (Nt) and Distamycin-A (Dst) form highly ordered complexes in the minor groove of DNA and recognize particular nucieotide sequences of double-stranded DNA4.5 with a high Adenine-Thymine (AT) specificity.These DNA binders could constitute adequate models for the design of synthetic pseudopeptides, referenced as sequence-reading oligopeptides.6 in order to modify the biological processes of replication and transcription: as such, they can constitute adequate candidates for antiviral and antineoplastic activities.Because of current interest in the control of gene expression, increasing works aim at developing DNA sequence specific agents.For these reasons, it seems particularly interesting to apply the concept of molecules possessing at once strong affinity and specific binding properties to definite nucieotidic sequences.Such molecules would be of great utility when such a recognition is essential on predetermined oligonucieotidic sequence of oncogenes for example.Thus, in order to delineate the structural, conformational and chemical basis of DNA binding, systematic modifications on Nt and Dst have been fulfilled, implying the different factors responsible for the processes of molecular recognition.in this context, analogs of Nt have been built via replacement of one or two pyrroie units by other heterocyles such as imidazoie,73 oxazoieg or thiazole.lo-14The consequences of such substitutions in terms of AT specificity alteration and GC acceptance enhancement have been analyzed and, in addition, the influence of the nature and length of the cationic side chain on the specificity of interaction has been proposed.s.ls
Staurosporine-induced morphological differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells (1991)

SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells rapidly elaborated an extensive network of neuritic processes following treatment with staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. These neurites were retracted within 24hr following removal of inhibitor. Another inhibitor of protein kinase C, H7 [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride], also induced rapid, reversible neurite outgrowth. However, neurites induced by these two inhibitors were morphologically distinct: staurosporine-treated cells elaborated a branching neuritic network adjacent to cell bodies, with some longer, unbranching neurites extending out of this network, while H7-treated cells elaborated only long, unbranching neurites. HA-1004 [N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide], which inhibits of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases but not protein kinase C, did not induce neuritogenesis. Staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth did not require protein synthesis but did require microtubule assembly, suggesting that cells contained the necessary components for neuritogenesis, and that alterations in protein phosphorylation alone was sufficient to initiate neurite outgrowth by rearrangement of existing structures or cytoskeletal precursors. These results implicate phosphorylation in the regulation of neuronal differentiation and neuritogenesis.
Anti-tumor activity of cytokines against opportunistic vascular tumors in mice (1996)

Polyoma middle T (PmT)-transformed endothelial cells may represent a unique murine model for human opportunistic vascular tumors. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of a panel of 13 cytokines against murine PmT-transformed endothelial cells. Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) substantially decreased in a dose-dependent manner the proliferation of a panel of 6 PmT-transformed cell lines. IFNalpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFalpha) had marginal anti-proliferative activity, whereas other molecules (interleukins-1, -2, -4, -6 and -13, IFNbeta, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) caused no growth inhibition. IFNgamma and TGFbeta1 were therefore selected for further analysis of their mechanism of action and in vivo relevance. IFNgamma and TGFbeta1 reduced the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-biphosphate, without modifying the tyrosine kinase(s) activity associated with PmT. IFNgamma and TGFbeta1 were also tested for their ability to modify the in vivo growth of the PmT-transformed endothelial cells H5V in syngeneic C57B1/6 mice. Treatment with IFNnu and TGFbeta1 significantly delayed tumor growth and increased survival time. In contrast, treatment with IFNalpha and TNFalpha failed to prolong survival. In nude mice, IFNgamma and TGFbeta1 had a transient effect on tumor growth but no effect on survival, suggesting a contribution of T cells to the in vivo anti-tumor activity of these cytokines.
Three New Phenolic Compounds from a Manipulated Plant Cell Culture, <i>Mirabilis </i><i>j</i><i>alapa</i> (2001)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an organic extract of the cell mass from a manipulated plant cell culture of Mirabilis jalapa led to the isolation and subsequent identification of three new phenolic compounds, 1, 2, and 3. The isoflavone 1 and dehydrorotenoid 2 were identified as the principal antifungal principles from this plant cell culture with IC50's of 25 and 48 μg/mL, respectively, against the test organism, Candida albicans DSY1024. The rotenoid 3 was inactive at 200 μg/mL in this assay.
Synthesen mit Brenzcatechincarbonat (1971)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von Brenzcatechincarbonat 1 mit Alkoholen, Aminen und Hydrazinen werden Kohlensäureester, Urethane, Harnstoffe, Semicarbazide und Carbohydrazide hergestellt. Durch thermische Zersetzung von N‐Alkyl‐carbamidsäure‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐estern 6 werden Alkylisocyanate gewonnen.
A rule-based system for packet radio network design (1989)

A general method is introduced that is capable of improving network capacity by altering connectivity values and can be used on a wide range of packet radio network topologies, traffic requirements, and protocols. The approach uses artificial intelligence techniques to formulate design rules which quantitatively describe individual aspects of the capacity/connectivity dependence. Incorporation of the design rules into a rule-based computer optimization program produces, on average, 15-25% capacity improvement for both random and regular network inputs. Optimization results lead to conclusions about efficient network topology and operation, and permit further capacity/connectivity generalizations. The approach used, as well as many of the rules developed, go beyond the domain of packet radio networks, and are applicable to many general network design problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>