gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) Activates the Transcription of the Gene for the Platelet Isoform of Phosphofructokinase (PFKP) in Breast Cancer (2011)

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, especially in the context of cancers. This study revealed that KLF4 activates glycolytic metabolism in breast cancer cells by up-regulating the platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase (PFKP). KLF4 activated the transcription of the PFKP gene by directly binding to the PFKP promoter. Whereas glucose uptake and lactate production were inhibited by the knockdown of KLF4, they were activated by the overexpression of KLF4. Unlike PFKP, the expressions of the other isoforms of phosphofructokinase and glycolytic genes were unaffected by KLF4. The human breast cancer tissues showed a close correlation between KLF4 and PFKP expression. This study also showed that PFKP plays a critical role in cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that KLF4 plays a role in maintenance of high glycolytic metabolism by transcriptional activation of the PFKP gene in breast cancer cells.
THE DESIGN OF LARGE CRYOGENIC MAGNET COILS. PAPER NO. 2 (1959)

Preliminary design and experimental work aimed toward fabrication of large magnet coils with encapsulated sodium conductors is outlined. Aspects of cooling cycles are discussed along with heat transfer, thermal stability, and the mechanical reinforcement of such coils. (J.R.D.)
Design of an on-chip superconducting microwave circulator with octave bandwidth (2018)

We present a design for a superconducting, on-chip circulator composed of dynamically modulated transfer switches and delays. Design goals are set for the multiplexed readout of superconducting qubits. Simulations of the device show that it allows for low-loss circulation (insertion loss < 0.35 dB and isolation >20 dB) over an instantaneous bandwidth of 2.3 GHz. As the device is estimated to be linear for input powers up to -65 dBm, this design improves on the bandwidth and power-handling of previous superconducting circulators by over a factor of 50, making it ideal for integration with broadband quantum limited amplifiers.
Ion beam joining technique (1982)

Solders of various compositions are used in the electronics industry to interconnect components. To obtain proper reflow of the solder pads to be joined, surface oxides must be removed using an appropriate chemical flux. In this paper, we describe an alternative fluxless joining technique in which an ion beam is used to simultaneously sputter clean and melt solder pads prior to joining, and can also provide the heat needed to perform the joining step itself. Using a Si circuit chip with solder pads of 95% Pb, 5% Sn, the melting temperature of the solder (312 °C) is reached within 25 s in an argon ion beam of 1000 eV, 1.0 mA/cm2. The solder pads are etched about 500 Å during this time, and reflow into clean spherical shapes suitable for joining. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the Pb and Sn are uniformly distributed through the solder pad after reflow. Chips have been sucessfully joined to metalized ceramic substrates using either auxiliary heating or using the heat from a focused ion beam. Pull tests show that ion beam reflowed joints are as strong as those obtained by the standard flux joining process.
Characteristics of elastomeric nanofiber membranes: Produced by electro spinning (2004)

This study examines the feasibility of co-electrospinning of vapor grown carbon nano fibers (VGNF) within thermoplastic elastomer. The reinforcement effect was studied. The diameter of the thermoplastic elastomer was found to be the ranging from 0.5 to 3 µm. The mechanical properties of the electrospun fibrous structure were found to be similar to that of the cast elastomeric films. However, the electrospun fibrous membranes have superior tactile properties. The addition of VGNF was significantly increases the bulkiness of the fibrous elastomeric membranes
Glycidyl derivatives as chiral C3 synthons. Ring opening catalyzed by boron trifluoride etherate (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlycidyl derivatives as chiral C3 synthons. Ring opening catalyzed by boron trifluoride etheratePedro N. Guivisdalsky and Robert BittmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 8, 3077–3079Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00190a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00190a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conformal SIW H-Plane Horn Antenna on a Conducting Cylinder (2015)

This letter presents a conformal wide-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna mounted on a large conducting cylinder. The effect of a curved low-profile SIW H-plane horn is examined when it is mounted on a conducting cylinder of varying radius. In order to compensate the deterioration of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the H-plane horn antenna, two air slots along the sides of the flare part of the antenna are cut. With the utilization of the slots, the matching between the feed line and the horn antenna is improved and the working frequency bandwidth is broadened simultaneously. Measured VSWR of the fabricated antenna is below 2.5 from 6.1 GHz to 19 GHz. The antenna also exhibits stable radiation beam over the same frequency range. It is observed that measured results agree well with simulated ones.
Error correction based on hamming distance preserving in arithmetical and logical operations (2012)

The traditional approach to fault tolerant computing involves replicating computation units and applying a majority vote operation on individual result bits. This approach, however, has several limitations; the most severe is the resource requirement. This paper presents a new method for fault tolerant computing where for a given error rate, the hamming distance between correct inputs and faulty inputs as well as the hamming distance between a correct result and a faulty result is preserved throughout processing; thereby enabling correction of up to transient faults per computation cycle. The new method is compared and contrasted with current protection methods and its cost / performance is analyzed.
Low-loss PECVD silica channel waveguides for optical communications (1990)

This paper reports reproducible measurements of propagation losses in channel waveguides fabricated on silicon substrate by PECVD. The average value obtained from more than 50 different channel guides is 0.1 dB/cm at 1.55 μm. The behaviour with wavelength is also presented and discussed.
Handheld DVB and multisystem radio antennas (2008)

In this licentiate thesis the implementation of small internal DVB-H antennas for handheld multisystem radios is studied, and several prototypes and simulated designs are presented and evaluated.\n\nSince the volume that can be reserved for antennas is very restricted, the limits for the size of capacitive coupling element based antenna structures inside handsets of different size were studied. The results indicate that the smallest required volume of the coupling element which ensures sufficient performance in today's typical-size monoblock mobile handsets would be about 3 - 4 cm3. Instead, for tablet-size and open clamshell-size terminals the antenna element are shown to be significantly smaller and thinner. Direct-feed-based structures can provide very low profile antenna solutions for tablet and clamshell-type terminals.\n\nThe effect of the user on performance of the DVB-H antenna was studied for some cases. Maximum of 5 - 9 dB decrease in the total efficiency was shown and thus the effect of the user seems to be a significant challenge for the operation of DVB-H. Relatively low isolation, about 18 dB, between the DVB-H and GSM900 antennas was demonstrated and thus the interoperability of DVB-H and GSM900 systems seems impossible without additional filtering.
Differential phosphorylation of IRS-1 by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2001)

Insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) are closely related receptor tyrosine kinases. Despite their high degree of homology, recent evidence suggests that the two receptors have distinct biological roles. In several recent studies, the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domains of the two receptors have been shown to possess different signalling specificities. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that differential phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) may contribute to these differences in signalling between the two receptors. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing human IR or IGF-IR and activated by their respective ligands, we show that there are differences between the two receptors with regard to the complement of SH2-containing proteins recruited to IRS-1. In particular, IGF-IR appears to couple IRS-1 preferentially to Grb2 whereas, in contrast, IR appears to couple IRS-1 preferentially to the p85 subunit of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and to Nck. The two receptors couple IRS-1 equally to the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. We have also generated phosphospecific antibodies to three important tyrosine phosphorylation sites on IRS-1 (pY608, pY895 and pY1172). We used these antibodies to probe the phosphorylation status of these sites in intact CHO/IR and CHO/IGF-IR cells. In the case of pY608, these results also show evidence for differential phosphorylation of IRS-1 by the two receptors. Taken together, the results presented here support the notion that the cytoplasmic domains of IR and IGF-IR have differences in their intrinsic signalling potentials.
Monitoring long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) durability to validate net serviceable life assumptions, in Rwanda (2014)

More than half, 58%, of the LLINs fell into the 'needs replacement' category after two years. While these nets were counted for survivorship, they were judged to be of little-to-no benefit to a user. Therefore, when integrity was taken into account, survivorship was significantly lower than predicted, suggesting that net serviceable life was actually closer to two, rather than three years, and, by extension, that the impact of the intervention during year three of the LLIN distribution-replacement cycle could be well below that seen in years one and two.
In vivo nickel allergic contact dermatitis: human model for topical therapeutics (1999)

Techniques to determine efficacy of topical agents on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may benefit from refinement. The aim of this study was to develop an in vivo human model system for the bioengineering and visual quantification of the effect of topical agents on nickel ACD, and to correlate ACD parameters. 14 nickel patch-test-positive subjects were included in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study after a pre-screening procedure with a standard diagnostic patch test with nickel sulfate in 54 healthy human volunteers. 5% nickel sulfate in petrolatum in a Finn Chamber was applied on forearm skin for 48 h to create a standardized dermatitis. Thereafter, the dermatitis was treated with a model topical agent and a placebo control while recording endpoint parameters daily for 10 days. Resolution was quantified with 4 parameters: visual scoring (VS), transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Tewameter), skin blood flow volume (BFV) (laser Doppler flowmeter), and skin color (a* value) (Colorimeter). The model agent reduced cutaneous allergic reactions, especially on day 8 to 10, in comparison with the placebo control. A highly significant linear relationship exists among all parameters, except between a* and BFV. This model may provide robust biometrics for determining the efficacy of topical therapeutics on experimentally induced ACD.
Damping of PWM Current-Source Rectifier Using a Hybrid Combination Approach (2007)

An inductor-capacitor (LC) filter is normally required at the input of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source rectifier (CSR), to assist in the commutation of switching devices and to mitigate line current harmonics. To dampen the LC resonance introduced by the input filter, an effective damping method is proposed in this paper by using a hybrid combination of a virtual harmonic resistive damper and a three-step control signal compensator. The virtual harmonic resistor, which is immune to system parameter variations, can dampen the LC resonance caused by an external disturbance or control command changes without affecting the fundamental power flow. But the high-pass filter used for fundamental component elimination leads to poor dynamics. Therefore, a proposed three-step compensator is inserted into the DC current closed-loop control path which can effectively eliminate the resonance within the control loop by shaping the modulation signal. Compared to the two-step Posicast controller, the proposed three-step compensator has significant implementation advantages in medium voltage CSRs, where a low switching frequency is needed. By using a hybrid combination approach, dynamics of the virtual harmonic resistor can be improved with the transient overshoot mitigated by the three-step compensator. At the same time, the parameter sensitivity of the three-step compensator can be reduced, as any residual resonant oscillations can be dampened by the virtual resistor. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Folding the ribonuclease H domain of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase requires metal binding or a short N‐terminal extension (1998)

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a modular enzyme carrying polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities in separable domains. Retroviral replication requires both of these activities. The RNase H domain is responsible for hydrolysis of the RNA portion of RNA•DNA hybrids, and this activity requires the presence of divalent cations (Mg2+ or Mn2+) that bind its active site. This domain is a part of a large family of homologous RNase H enzymes of which the RNase HI protein from Escherichia coli is the best characterized. Although the isolated RNase H domain from human immunodeficiency virus RT is inactive, the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) domain is active in the absence of the polymerase domain, making functional studies more accessible. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we characterized the stability and folding of two different fragments of MMLV RT that retain RNase H activity. The smaller fragment corresponding to the 157 C-terminal residues of RT is predominantly unfolded in the absence of divalent cations, but folding can be induced by the addition of metal. The larger fragment corresponding to the 175 C-terminal residues, however, is stably folded in the absence of metal. Thus, an 18 residue N-terminal extension outside the region homologous to E. coli RNase HI is important for the structural stability of the RNase H domain of MMLV RT. Therefore, this region should be considered part of the RNase H domain. Proteins 33:135–143, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Alterations in arachidonic acid release and phospholipase C-beta(1) expression in glaucomatous human ciliary muscle cells. (2002)

These data are the first to show that basal and agonist-induced AA release and inositol phosphate production as well as expression of PLC-beta(1) are altered in g-HCM cells compared with that of n-HCM cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations in g-HCM cells could include changes in sensitivity and number of receptors, overexpression of PLA(2) and the cyclooxygenases, and underexpression of PLC-beta(1). Alterations in these signaling pathways in g-HCM cells could contribute to changes in the uveoscleral outflow pathway, which may lead to an increase in IOP in patients with glaucoma. Comparative studies on the signaling pathways in g- and n-HCM cells can provide important information about the regulation of uveoscleral outflow and the pathologic course of glaucoma.
Evaluating the scalability of Enterprise JavaBeans technology (2003)

One of the major problems in building large-scale distributed systems is to anticipate the performance of the eventual solution before it has been built. This problem is especially germane to Internet-based e-business applications, where failure to provide high performance and scalability can lead to application and business failure. The fundamental software engineering problem is compounded by many factors, including individual application diversity, software architecture trade-offs, COTS component integration requirements, and differences in performance of various software and hardware infrastructures. We describe the results of an empirical investigation into the scalability of a widely used distributed component technology, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB). A benchmark application is developed and tested to measure the performance of a system as both the client load and component infrastructure are scaled up. A scalability metric from the literature is then applied to analyze the scalability of the EJB component infrastructure under two different architectural solutions.
Model-based OPC considering process window aspects: a study (2002)

Critical features of a product layout like isolated structures and complicated two-dimensional situations including line ends have often a smaller process window compared to regular highly nested features. It has been observed that the application of optical proximity corrections (OPC) can create yet more aggressive layout situations. Although corrected layouts meet the target contour under optimal exposure conditions, the process window of these structures under non-optimal conditions is thereby potentially reduced. This increases the risk of shorts and opens in the resist images of the designs under non-optimal exposure conditions. The requirement from a lithographer's point of view is to conduct a correction that considers the process window aspect besides the desired target contour. The present study investigates a concept of using the over-dose and under-dose responses of the simulated image of an exposed structure to optimize the correction value. The simulations describing the lithographic imaging process are based on an enhanced variable threshold model (VTRE). The placement error of the simulated edge of a structure is usually corrected for the nominal dose and focus settings. In the new concept the effective edge placement error is defined as the average of the edge placement errors for the over-dose and the edge placement error for the under-dose conditions. If a specific layout has a very non-symmetric response to over-/under exposure for the evaluated condition, it is prone to a certain failure mechanism (open or short). Hence calculating the average of the edge placement errors will shift the effective correction towards a layout with larger process window. The paper evaluates this concept for 100 nm ground rules and 193 nm lithography conditions. Examples of corrected layouts are presented together with experimental data. The limitations of the approach are discussed.
High Quality 3D Image Warping by Separating Visibility from Reconstruction (1999)

Image-based rendering using 3D warping (WIBR) appeals since one hopes that the quality of the reference images used can be conveyed to the warped images. However, until now, the only WIBR method that comes close to achieving this goal is based on a mesh of micro-triangles that after being warped is fed into a polygon-rendering engine. We propose a new WIBR method that overcomes the disadvantages of the mesh and produces high-quality warped images by exploiting the idea of separating visibility resolution from reconstruction. Thus it proceeds in two steps: first we determine the samples visible in the desired image and then the desired image is reconstructed from the visible samples. The reconstruction is done with the help of an offset buffer. Separating the two incompatible tasks allows for better control over each of them individually, with the benefit of a very good overall result as it can be seen from the color plate and accompanying video. Keywords rendering, image-based render...
Malrotation Associated With Implant Alignment Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty (1995)

This study documents the malrotation between the femoral and tibial components associated with contemporary alignment techniques that position the tibial component relative to the tubercle, posterior tibial condyles, transtibial axis, and malleoli. The technique that allows the tibial component to float into alignment as the knee is passed through a range of motion and the technique of coupling the tibial component to the femoral component also were assessed. The average external rotation of the tibial component relative to the femoral component associated with each alignment technique is 19 degrees (tibial tubercle), 5 degrees (transtibial axis), 7 degrees (posttibial axis), 3 degrees (malleolar axis), and 14 degrees (range-of-motion technique). The coupled-component technique produced 2 degrees internal rotation. The observed tendency to externally rotate the tibial component relative to the femoral component with most alignment techniques may account for the high incidence of posteromedial polyethylene wear reported in retrieval studies.
The designing of an indoor acoustic ranging system using the audible spread spectrum LFM (CHIRP) signal (2006)

This paper presents an audible spread spectrum (SS) acoustic ranging system for indoor applications. RF synchronization along with using wideband audible signal results in significant reduction in error and reduces the cost and complexity of the ranging hardware and removes the need for high sampling rates. The SS signal, which in this case, is a linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulse (chirp), emanates from a speaker and is received by a microphone. It is then correlated with a delayed copy of the same signal through a matched filter. Important issues of acoustic propagation, along with the impact of indoor reverberation on time of arrival (TOA) estimation are taken into account to use an appropriate LFM pulse. It is found that, an LFM pulse with 3 kHz bandwidth, center frequency of 2 kHz, and chirp rate of 60 Hz/ms would have good performance in range accuracy
Autoantibodies to REG, a beta‐cell regeneration factor, in diabetic patients (2004)

Anti-REG autoantibodies, which retard beta-cell proliferation in vitro, are found in some diabetic patients. Thus, autoimmunity to REG may be associated with the development/acceleration of diabetes in at least some patients.