gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nature of respiratory stimulation in hyperthyroidism: the redox behaviour of cytochrome <i>c</i> (1995)

Hyperthyroid mitochondria show an increased Km and Vmax in the high affinity phase of cytochrome oxidase kinetics. During inhibitor titrations, cytochrome c shows a different redox behaviour in hyperthyroid with respect to protonophore-treated euthyroid mitochondria. The observations are discussed in terms of a different regulation of electron input and output into the respiratory chain during slip and leak types of uncoupling. In hyperthyroid mitochondria during inhibitor titrations, the pattern of the relationship between uncoupler-induced extra-respiration and membrane potential is highly non-linear. The complex nature of the respiratory stimulation in hyperthyroid mitochondria is discussed.
Fuel Droplet Size Distribution in Diesel Combustion Chamber (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to determine spray droplet size in a diesel engine, fuel was injected into high-pressure, room-temperature gaseous environments with a diesel engine injection system. Droplet size was measured using the liquid immersion sampling technique with a mixture of water-methylcellulose solution and ethanol used as an immersion liquid for diesel fuel oil.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The volume distribution of diesel spray droplets is well correlated with chi square distribution with freedom, ϕ = 8, in the range of this investigation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Sauter mean diameter increased with increasing back pressure, with the amount of fuel in a spray, and with decrease in pump speed. An empirical correlation was developed between effective injection pressure, air density, the quantity of the fuel delivery, and the Sauter mean diameter of spray droplets.</div>
[Degree of cellular proliferation in the first-time bone marrow smear and its significance in the diagnosis of aplastic anemia]. (1992)

According to the cellularity in the first bone marrow aspirate, 541 cases of aplastic anemia (AA) diagnosed in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were divided into two groups--hypoplastic and hyperplastic. Comparison of the transformation, remission and long-term survival rates in the two groups showed the following results. (1) Transformation: In the hypoplastic group, 60% of the cases maintained the original degree of proliferation, 34% was transformed to hyperplastic, 3% had repeated transformation and 3% became leukemic. In the hyperplastic group, 44% maintained the original degree of proliferation, 44% was transformed to hypoplastic, 9.3% had repeated transformation and 2.7% became leukemic. (2) Remission rate: The total remission rate was 15.9% in the hypoplastic and 14.6% in the hyperplastic group. (3) Long-term survival rate: The 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 70.43%, 57.66% and 51.51% in the hypoplastic group, while they were 86.7%, 71.24% and 63.34% respectively in the hyperplastic with statistical significance (P less than 0.01). It is emphasized that AA can not be ruled out if there is hyperplasia in the bone marrow smear taken for the first time or in several smears taken from the same site. Smears taken periodically from different sites are essential for correct diagnosis.
Purification of Neurofilaments and Their Interaction with Vinblastine Sulphate (1979)

Neurofilaments consisting almost exclusively of triplet polypeptides (with molecular weights of 200, 000, 160, 000 and 68, 000) were isolated from the rat peripheral nerve. A portion of the triplet polypeptides seems to exist in a non-polymeric form that is not sedimentable by high-speed centrifugation, and is undetectable by electron microscopy. In the presence of both neurofilaments and vinblastine sulphate, a white precipitate developed at 37°C, that rapidly redissolved at 4°C. Electron microscopy showed that the appearance of the neurofilaments did not alter during their interaction with vinblastine.
Power applications for noncentral office applications in the United States-a tutorial (2002)

The author explores the various options of provisioning power and support systems for North American noncentral office applications. Power systems are required to support remote switches, fiber in the loop, ISDN (integrated services digital network) terminals and AC supplies for data in the office building environment. Each of these applications poses several considerations and requirements that must be addressed. They are: a source of access to standby generator power, sufficient battery reserve, placement of equipment in a controlled environment, grounding systems, and stable AC power while adhering to applicable codes, Some type of power conditioning must be provided. For ISDN services, there are various DC powering configurations available. As an option, battery back-up can be provided. Many of the telecommunications and power systems require a controlled environment. These parameters for temperature and humidity must be within the manufacturer's specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The presence of a transcription activation function in the hormone‐binding domain of androgen receptor is revealed by studies in yeast cells (1997)

To assess the importance of various regions of the androgen receptor (AR) in transcriptional regulation, we have compared its activation functions (AFs) in yeast and mammalian cells. The receptor's amino-terminal region contains a major transcriptional activator (AF-1) in both cell types, whereas AF-2 in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) is very weak in mammalian cells but clearly functional in the yeast. Hormone-binding ability of LBD is mandatory for AF-2 to operate, as illustrated by mutated LBD constructs. The activity of AF-2 in yeast is severely attenuated when the hinge region is attached to LBD, suggesting that the former region modulates AF-2 in vivo, probably by presenting an interface for interacting proteins.
Über die Abhängigkeit der Kontraktionsdynamik des Herzens von der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration (1968)

ZusammenfassungStörungen des Säure-Basenhaushaltes, wie sie z. B. bei einer Niereninsuffizienz oder beim diabetischen Koma auftreten können, beanspruchen in der Klinik besondere Berücksichtigung. In jedem Fall muß ein weitgehender Ausgleich der pH-Verschiebungen angestrebt werden, da vor allem bei einer Acidose mit erheblichen Einwirkungen auf den Stoffwechsel zu rechnen ist. Als Folge ergeben sich häufig Störungen physiologischer Abläufe, so u. a. Einflüsse auf die Muskelkontraktion speziell des Herzmuskels, wie sie z. B. von Baird et al. (1961), Bendixen et al. (1963), Carson et al. (1965), Goodyer et al. (1961), Nahas (1957), V. Williams (1955, 1967) und Wang et al. (1965) beschrieben worden sind, wobei sich die Ergebnisse dieser Untersucher teilweise in quantitativer Hinsicht unterscheiden. Eigene experimentelle Untersuchungen [Kohlhardt et al., 1967 (1)] hatten ergeben, daß sich am Herzen unter metabolischer Acidose bei einem pH von 7,0 negativ in.otrope Effekte zeigen, die bei einem pH-Wert von 7,2 noch nicht eindeutig nachweisbar waren. Unter den Bedingungen einer metabolischen Alkalose (pH = 7,8) ergab sich bei diesen Untersuchungen das Bild einer positiven Inotropie, eine weitere Steigerung des pH-Wertes auf 8,2 hatte nur noch eine Frequenzzunahme zur Folge.
Guide to selecting the appropriate type of light source model (2002)

Accurate optical modeling of illumination systems requires, among other things, an accurate characterization of the light sources used in the system. The problem is that there is no single acceptable definition of 'accurate' that applies to all circumstances. What is determined to be acceptably accurate must also be tempered with analytical efficiency, meaning that the ideal light source model must contain just enough accuracy to produce acceptable results in the quickest manner possible. Finally, the modeling technique must also be practical to implement given that the technique needs to be applied to the large number of light sources in use today. There are many light source modeling techniques already used in practice and it is worth considering the appropriateness of the various techniques for the applications to which they are being applied. This paper starts with a description of the different aspects of light source models and their modeling techniques. The importance of the different aspects is then summarized for a range of applications. The goal of the paper is to present a set of guidelines that can be referenced by designers interested in selecting the most appropriate type of light source model for their range of applications.
EDOARD: an electrodynamic tether device for efficient spacecraft de-orbiting (2001)

EDOARD (Electrodynamic De-Orbiting And Re-entry Device) exploits the basic concepts of electrodynamic drag on conductive tethers to de-boost LEO spacecraft efficiently and reliably. The system is jointly developed by Alenia Spazio and by University "La Sapienza" in view of potential commercial exploitation. An innovative engineering approach has tackled four critical issues: 1) the deployment mechanism, which ensures a purely passive extension of the tether under extremely small gravity gradients; 2) the tether structure and configuration, which guarantees a very high survivability to impacts from artificial and natural debris; 3) the inflatable passive electron collector, which increases the efficiency of the system while reducing the tether length to 4-5 km and 4) the electrodynamic control of the tether librations, which limits the effects of inherent dynamical system instability, while preserving high de-orbiting efficiencies. The configuration ensures de-orbiting times per unit mass of about 0.09 day/kg from a circular, 1500 km altitude, 55 degree inclination.
Articulated part-based model for joint object detection and pose estimation (2011)

Despite recent successes, pose estimators are still somewhat fragile, and they frequently rely on a precise knowledge of the location of the object. Unfortunately, articulated objects are also very difficult to detect. Knowledge about the articulated nature of these objects, however, can substantially contribute to the task of finding them in an image. It is somewhat surprising, that these two tasks are usually treated entirely separately. In this paper, we propose an Articulated Part-based Model (APM) for jointly detecting objects and estimating their poses. APM recursively represents an object as a collection of parts at multiple levels of detail, from coarse-to-fine, where parts at every level are connected to a coarser level through a parent-child relationship (Fig. 1(b)-Horizontal). Parts are further grouped into part-types (e.g., left-facing head, long stretching arm, etc) so as to model appearance variations (Fig. 1(b)-Vertical). By having the ability to share appearance models of part types and by decomposing complex poses into parent-child pairwise relationships, APM strikes a good balance between model complexity and model richness. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiment results on public datasets show that APM outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We also show results on PASCAL 2007 - cats and dogs - two highly challenging articulated object categories.
Communication over a pulse width modulated network: Impact of the power cable (2013)

Recently, investigations were made over the use of the power feeder cables in a motor inverter application as a medium for data transmission for control and diagnosis purposes. The Power Line Communication (PLC) technology has proved itself as an interesting solution for communicating in such an environment. Instead of using additional cables devoted for data transmission, Information issued from sensors would be sent via power cables back to the controller despite the harsh environment and the high frequency switching of the inverter. This paper discusses the effect of the power cable on the communication reliability by using the PLC technology over a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) network. It also underlines the high frequency switching effects of the inverter. A new approach based on experimental measuring of the scattering parameters is used for this purpose and the effects of the power cable length and the inverter's switching are used to evaluate the effectiveness of communication.
Lysis of human red blood cells in the presence of various cosolvents. II. The effect of differing NaCl concentrations. (1986)

A novel hemolytic method developed by the authors [J. Parent. Sci. Technol., 39, 64 (1985)] was used to determine the hemolytic potential of the following cosolvents in mixture with various NaCI aqueous solutions and under “I.M. conditions”: polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TG), glycerine (GLY), propylene glycol (PG), ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and dimethyl isosorbide (DMT). In general, the hemolysis induced by the cosolvents studied was observed to increase as the NaCI aqueous concentration was increased from 2.7 to 3.6%. However, differential effects upon hemolysis were noted for the cosolvents as the NaCI aqueous concentration was increased from 0.0 to 2.7%. With the exception of PEG 300 and 400, all cosolvents demonstrated decreased hemolysis when mixed with 0.9% NaCI solution rather than water.
Phase Transitions in Monolayers (1992)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
A critical review of mathematical models and data used in diabetology (2006)

The literature dealing with mathematical modelling for diabetes is abundant. During the last decades, a variety of models have been devoted to different aspects of diabetes, including glucose and insulin dynamics, management and complications prevention, cost and cost-effectiveness of strategies and epidemiology of diabetes in general. Several reviews are published regularly on mathematical models used for specific aspects of diabetes. In the present paper we propose a global overview of mathematical models dealing with many aspects of diabetes and using various tools. The review includes, side by side, models which are simple and/or comprehensive; deterministic and/or stochastic; continuous and/or discrete; using ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, optimal control theory, integral equations, matrix analysis and computer algorithms.
Purification and properties of lipid A disaccharide synthase of Escherichia coli. (1988)

Lipid A disaccharide synthase of Escherichia coli catalyzes the reaction 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P + UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN----2',3'-diacyl-GlcN (beta,1'----6)2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P + UDP (Ray, B. L., Painter, G., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4852-4859). Using a strain that overproduces the enzyme about 200-fold we have devised a simple purification to near homogeneity, utilizing two types of dye-ligand resins and heparin-agarose. The overall purification starting with membrane-free extracts was 54-fold (16,000-fold relative to wild-type extracts) with a 31% yield. The subunit molecular mass determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis is approximately 42,000 daltons, and the native enzyme appears to be a dimer. The amino-terminal sequence is (X)-(Thr)-Glu-Gln-(X)-Pro-Leu-Thr-Ie-Ala..., consistent with the results predicted from the DNA sequence, Met-Thr-Glu-Gln-Arg-Pro-Leu-Thr-Ile-Ala.... The purified enzyme displays a strong kinetic preference for sugar substrates bearing two fatty acyl moieties, but it is, nevertheless, very useful for the semisynthetic preparation of many lipid A analogs. Gel filtration studies demonstrate that the natural substrates (2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P and UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN) form micelles (n approximately equal to 300), rather than bilayers, under conditions used to assay the enzyme. Unlike most enzymes of glycerophospholipid synthesis, the lipid A disaccharide synthase does not require the presence of a detergent for catalytic activity. At 1 mM UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN the Vmax and Km values for 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P are 14,028 +/- 513 nmol/min/mg and 0.27 +/- 0.02 mM. When 2,3-diacyl-GlcN-1-P is maintained at 1 mM, they are 12,368 +/- 472 nmol/min/mg and 0.11 +/- 0.01 mM for UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN.
Charge Separation in a Nonfluorescent Donor−Acceptor Dyad Derived from Boron Dipyrromethene Dye, Leading to Photocurrent Generation (2005)

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), which is commonly used as an energy absorbing and transferring antenna molecule, has been modified to contain an electron donor moiety, 8-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (MEOPHBDP). The photoinduced electron transfer from a 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety to a BODIPY moiety of MEOPHBDP in acetonitrile was observed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. The lifetime of the charge-separated state of MEOPHBDP was 59 ps at 298 K. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were prepared using MEOPHBDP with carboxylic acid (MEOPHBDP-COOH) and a reference BODIPY dye having no electron donor moiety. The photovoltaic measurements were performed using a standard two-electrode system consisting of a working electrode and a Pt sputtered electrode in methoxyacetonitrile containing 0.5 M iodide and 0.05 M I(2). The photoelectrochemical properties of DSSC with MEOPHBDP are compared with those with a reference BODIPY dye.
An Exploration of Non-tessellated 3D Space Carving for Real-Time 3D Reconstruction of a Person through a Simulated Process (2010)

Real-time 3D reconstruction of people promises to combine the winning characteristics of video conferencing and immersive collaborative virtual environments. However, it remains difficult to obtain a reconstruction of a person with recognisable facial features in real-time, as the person moves around. Three highly related issues that require further work are camera placement, reconstruction algorithm and rendering processes. In order to speed up development and concentrate on core principles we have developed a series of software simulators in which all three can be varied without the need to reconfigure a physical system. We introduce these simulators and report evaluation of camera placement, 3D reconstruction algorithms, and texturing. The approach taken is not to create a surface on which to texture but to directly use image data for shape throughout and specific graphics shader functionality to render, light and texture it. The acid test of performance was comparing what our simulated approach could achieve in terms of frame rate and pixel density and comparing this to state of the art commercial “tele-present” video conferencing.
Orthogonality in DBMS Design: the XML Approach (2001)

Abstract. XML, XML-Schema and the style sheet language XSL have emerged as a base for universal data exchange. They have enriched our capabilities for view generation and schema transformations. Mapping hierarchical documents into tables according to the nested relational model is one obvious example. One elegant way to achieve this is to augment the document’s schema, given e.g. as XSD-document, with attribute definitions which force the appearance of certain attribute values (types) for certain tags in the document. This saves work in the document preparation, makes them less error-prone and more readable. It also gives rise to generic style sheets which can display any data whose schema obeys the simple type rules. With schemas and style sheets being XML-documents in their own right, the questions of meta-schema and metavisualization must be addressed as well. Examples in this paper show that solutions can be found for all of these problems within the XML approach. 1 XML and the Nested Relational Model Research into the so-called Non-First Normal-Form (NF 2) data models [15] in the
Wee1 kinase as a target for cancer therapy (2013)

Wee1, a protein kinase, regulates the G 2 checkpoint in response to DNA damage. Preclinical studies have elucidated the role of wee1 in DNA damage repair and the stabilization of replication forks, supporting the validity of wee1 inhibition as a viable therapeutic target in cancer. MK-1775, a selective and potent small-molecule inhibitor of wee1, is under clinical development as a potentiator of DNA damage caused by cytotoxic chemotherapies. We present a review of the role of wee1 in the cell cycle and DNA replication and summarize the clinical development to date of this novel class of anticancer agents.
An interconnect scheme for reducing the number of contact pads on process control chips (1991)

An approach is presented to reduce the number of pads required by electrical test structures by using a multiplexed interconnect scheme. This passive multiplexed scheme requires only two levels of interconnect and can be used for transistors, electrical verniers, yield monitoring, reliability evaluations, continuity tests, and measuring the resistance of tracks. The basic measurement procedure to access individual components is to force a voltage on one of the access pads and then ground one of the group terminals via an ammeter. While an even number of pads is not mandatory it is recommended since this maximizes the efficiency of pad usage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prototype Development and Comparative Evaluation of Wheelchair Pressure Mapping System (1993)

Wheelchair pressure mapping devices used in the prescription of seat cushions and postural supports have been limited in durability, data presentation, and/or clinical efficiency. This project sought to establish the ideal specifications for clinically useful pressure mapping systems, and to use these specifications to influence the design of an innovative wheelchair pressure mapping system (Tekscan "Seat"). Technology, previously developed for measurement of forces of dental occlusion and of the foot during gait, was applied to wheelchair seat mapping. Tests were designed to compare the performance of three pressure mapping systems: the Tekscan system, the FSA system, and the Talley TPM3. Bench tests were done to measure reproducibility, hysteresis, and creep of each of the pressure mapping systems. A contoured loader gauge was developed to test for the influence of hammocking. Tests were also performed using spinal cord-injured subjects to demonstrate the relative performance of the pressure mapping systems in a clinical setting. A focus group session was conducted with seating specialists to review the strengths and weakness of the systems for routine clinical use. The TPM3 was found to be the most accurate, stable, and reproducible but limited in ease of use, speed, and data presentation. FSA was rated well in clinical application and data management but demonstrated a pronounced hysteresis (+/-19%) and creep (4%). The Tekscan system also showed substantial hysteresis (+/-20%) and creep (19%) but was preferred by clinicians for its real-time display capabilities, resolution, and display options. Some trends in system performance on varied support surfaces were identified and can be a valuable guide to interpretation of measurements and prescription decision making in the clinic. Problems identified with the accuracy and stability of the Tekscan and FSA systems may be amenable to resolution with software correction and changes in fabrication. With these improvements all three systems show the potential to be useful clinical tools.