gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Biological Significance of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids in Invertebrates (1994)

SYNOPSIS. Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids are oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have been detected in many vertebrate and invertebrate species that represent all major phyla. The significance of eicosanoids relates to two broad areas of animal biology, one as mediators of crucial cellular events and another in mediation of certain ecological interactions. Eicosanoids exert physiological actions in reproduction, including release of egg-laying behavior in some insects, hatching in barnacles, egg-production in snails, spawning in bivalves, oocyte maturation in sea stars, and prevention of polyspermic fertilizations in sea urchin eggs. Eicosanoids are also involved in salt and water transport physiology (insects and bivalves), neurophysiology (mollusks) and cellular immune defenses (insects). I propose that some eicosanoid actions are fundamental to animal physiology. Eicosanoids also mediate certain host-parasite and predator-prey interactions. These include skin penetration by blood fluke larvae, blood feeding by ticks and predator avoidance by certain octocoral and nudibranchs. Research in eicosanoids yields insights that help explain details of physiological and ecological phenomena in vertebrates and invertebrates. Although we have seen considerable progress in our appreciation of eicosanoids in invertebrates, we are sorely lacking in our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of eicosanoid actions in invertebrates. I suggest that research in this area will yield meaningful insights into the physiology and ecology of invertebrates.
13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for organ toxicity. (1998)

In the past decade in vitro tests have been developed that represent a range of anatomic structure from perfused whole organs to subcellular fractions. To assess the use of in vitro tests for toxicity testing, we describe and evaluate the current status of organotypic cultures for the major target organs of toxic agents. This includes liver, kidney, neural tissue, the hematopoietic system, the immune system, reproductive organs, and the endocrine system. The second part of this report reviews the application of in vitro culture systems to organ specific toxicity and evaluates the application of these systems both in industry for safety assessment and in government for regulatory purposes. Members of the working group (WG) felt that access to high-quality human material is essential for better use of in vitro organ and tissue cultures in the risk assessment process. Therefore, research should focus on improving culture techniques that will allow better preservation of human material. The WG felt that it is also important to develop and make available relevant reference compounds for toxicity assessment in each organ system, to organize and make available via the Internet complete in vivo toxicity data, including human data, containing dose, end points, and toxicokinetics. The WG also recommended that research should be supported to identify and to validate biological end points for target organ toxicity to be used in alternative toxicity testing strategies.
Fibersol-2 induces apoptosis of<i>Apc</i>-deficient colorectal Cancer (SW480) cells and decreases polyp formation in<i>Apc</i>MIN mice (2016)

The consumption of dietary fibers has been implicated with a lowered risk of human colorectal cancer. Proposed mechanisms involve alterations in the stool consistency, transit time, and formation of short-chain fatty acid by dietary fiber fermentation, and the reorganization of gut microbiota. Here we show that Fibersol-2, a digest-resistant maltodextrin, not only inhibits proliferation of colorectal SW480 cancer cell lines by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but decreases the numbers of the adenoma count in Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia (MIN) mice carrying a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene by 84 d of age. These observations provide direct evidence that Fibersol-2 intrinsically contains anti-cancer activity, independent of the intestinal metabolism and any potential interactions with the microbiota.
Fluorine-implanted bismuth oxide superconductors (1989)

We report for the first time the influence of fluorine implantation in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. The incorporation of fluorine was found to enhance the zero resistance temperature and to sharpen the high-temperature transition. The fluorinated sample exhibited Tc (R=0)=89 K and the high Tc phase of the composition had Tc (on) as high as 124 K with an extrapolated Tc (end) of 114 K. Resistance temperature characteristics of a sample before and after fluorine implantation are presented.
In-line inspection to wafer test correlation (2002)

A method for correlating optical in-line defects to electrically tested defects has been developed. Using this method, the validity of in-line defect categories and the possibility that they will cause a defect has been adjusted. This work was performed in one of two semiconductor fabricators at the IBM Microelectronics Division manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont.
<i>In situ</i>and wide range quantification of hydrogen sulfide in industrial gases by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy (2013)

This paper describes a photoacoustic spectroscopy-based detector of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas, natural gas and oil process technology. The instrument is capable of measuring H2S concentrations over four orders of magnitude (from a few ppm level up to several per cent) in changing gas mixtures. Problems caused by harsh industrial circumstances, contamination and widely varying composition of gases can be overcome by optimizing wavelength modulation, resonance frequency tracking and an easy-to-use method enabling in situ monitoring calibration. A diode laser emitting around 1.57 µm served as the excitation source; at this wavelength spectral overlap between H2S and CO2 is substantial. Spectral interference was eliminated by optimizing the amplitude of wavelength modulation; furthermore, a simplified calibration method was implemented taking advantage of a nearby absorption line of CO2 providing fast and economical measurements. Frequency dependence of the photoacoustic signal was determined by two methods to ensure accuracy. For 10 s integration time and 6800 Hz modulation frequency, the minimum detectable concentration was 6 ppm (3σ).
Further Characterization of the <i>epa</i> Gene Cluster and Epa Polysaccharides of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (2009)

We previously identified a gene cluster, epa (for enterocococcal polysaccharide antigen), involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis of Enterococcus faecalis and showed that disruption of epaB and epaE resulted in attenuation in translocation, biofilm formation, resistance to polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) killing, and virulence in a mouse peritonitis model. Using five additional mutant disruptions in the 26-kb region between orfde2 and OG1RF_0163, we defined the epa locus as the area from epaA to epaR. Disruption of epaA, epaM, and epaN, like prior disruption of epaB and epaE, resulted in alteration in Epa polysaccharide content, more round cells versus oval cells with OG1RF, decreased biofilm formation, attenuation in a mouse peritonitis model, and resistance to lysis by the phage NPV-1 (known to lyse OG1RF), while mutants disrupted in orfde2 and OG1RF_163 (the epa locus flanking genes) behaved like OG1RF in those assays. Analysis of the purified Epa polysaccharide from OG1RF revealed the presence of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, GalNAc, and GlcNAc in this polysaccharide, while carbohydrate preparation from the epaB mutant did not contain rhamnose, suggesting that one or more of the glycosyl transferases encoded by the epaBCD operon are necessary to transfer rhamnose to the polysaccharide. In conclusion, the epa genes, uniformly present in E. faecalis strains and involved in biosynthesis of polysaccharide in OG1RF, are also important for OG1RF shape determination, biofilm formation, and NPV-1 replication/lysis, as well as for E. faecalis virulence in a mouse peritonitis model.
An Intelligent Medical System for Diagnosis of Bone Diseases (1994)

In this paper, aspects of the design of an intelligent medical system for diagnosis of bone diseases that can be detected by scintigraphic images are presented. The system comprises three major parts: a user interface (UI), a database management system (DBMS), and an expert system (ES). The DBMS is used for manipulation of various patient data. A number of patient cases are selected as prototype and stored in a separate database. Diagnosis is performed via the ES, called XBONE, based on patient data. Knowledge is represented via an integrated formalism that combines production rules and a neural network. This results in better representation, and facilitates knowledge acquisition and maintenance.
Application generators speed up development of acquisition/analysis/control systems (2002)

It is very easy to create your own sophisticated custom Data Acquisition, Analysis and Control Applications using Visual Designer, an application generator software which greatly enhances your productivity by allowing you to create these applications without writing programs. Developed by Intelligent Instrumentation Lnc. in Tucson, Arizona, LISA, a Burr-Brown Company, Visual Designer runs on any ISA/EISA machines under Windows 3. 1 ( DOS/V machines under Windows 3.15 now in Japan). You develop your application software in an integrated development environment, called Diagram, by drawing a block diagram, called FlowGram. The Diagram compiles this into an executable application file, called FlowCode and parameter file. The application FlowCode is then executed from Visual Designer's Run environment. The Run environment can be invoked directly from the Diagram, or it can be done as a stand-alone application. Thus you have your own Windows Application in a drastically short time. Visual Designer has been used in hundreds of applications around the world since its release in November of 1993. It has shortened the development time required for these applications to a fraction of time required by programming languages, either graphical or textual.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Enyne A-Ring Synthon of the 1α-Hydroxy Vitamins D (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEnantioselective Synthesis of the Enyne A-Ring Synthon of the 1α-Hydroxy Vitamins DKathlyn A. Parker and Apostolos DermatakisView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 19, 6692–6696Publication Date (Web):September 19, 1997Publication History Received30 May 1997Published online19 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970957thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970957tbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1595Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enolates,Enones,Ethers,Ketones,Mixtures Get e-Alerts
A Study Of Supraorbital Notches And Foramina In Gujarati Human Skulls (2010)

The anatomy of the supraorbital notches and foramina has been studied in 249 human skulls. Of 233 skulls, 35.62% had
bilateral supraorbital notches, 21.45% had bilateral supraorbital foramina and 16.73% had a notch on one side and a foramen on other
side. In present study, total 13 types of combinations were found. The average distance from the nasion to the supraorbital notch/ foramen was 24.30 mm( 16.74-31.86) on right side and 23.73 mm (15.78-31.86) on left side. The exit point can be significantly cephaled to the orbital rim. Knowledge of the anatomy of the region is important for those doing forehead and brow lift surgeries in order to avoid injuring the neuro-vascular bundle passing through these notches/foramina.
Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Electrical conduction in glass fibres subjected to a sodium to or from silver ion-exchange treatment (1986)

Both DC and AC resistivities of some silicate glass fibres containing 10 to 30 mol.% sodium and subjected to a sodium to or from silver ion-exchange treatment have been investigated. Ion-exchanged fibres exhibit resistivity and activation energy values lower than those of the untreated ones. A suitable combination of temperature and electric field brings about a further semi-permanent reduction in resistivity and activation energy values. Typical values of room temperature resistivity and activation energy in this high conducting state are approximately 50 Omega cm and 0.04 eV respectively. Such behaviour is explained on the basis of formation of an interconnected silver-rich phase under the combined influence of temperature and a suitable electric field. The properties exhibited by these materials are comparable to some of the conventional fast ion conducting glasses containing a higher silver concentration than those in the present system.
Integrating Static and Dynamic Analysis for Detecting Vulnerabilities (2006)

A secure software demands effective techniques for vulnerability detection during its development cycle. The practice of detecting security flaws before the deployment phase eliminates the risks that vulnerabilities may impose for the company. Static analysis and dynamic analysis techniques offer two complimentary approaches for checking vulnerabilities. Static analysis involves the scanning of source code or binary eliminating the need of executing it. This approach is fast and has no run time overhead. However, static analysis are quite imprecise and generate huge false positives and false negatives. On the other hand, dynamic analysis involves the running of the software. The problem of false positives and negatives is less in case of dynamic analysis because they analyze by running the test cases. But this approach requires large number of test cases to ensure a certain confidence level in detecting security bugs. This paper describes a methodology which integrates the two approaches in a complimentary manner. It adopts the strengths of the two and eliminates their weaknesses. We are currently dealing with buffer overflow vulnerability with pointer aliasing. However the idea can be extended to other vulnerabilities also for e.g memory related errors, race conditions(time of check to time to use vulnerability), dangling pointer vulnerability, integer errors etc
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PRECIPITATION OF CARBONATES, BORATES, SILICATES AND ARSENATES (1941)

A study was made of the precipitation, at room temperature, of the carbonates of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel, of the chromate of beryllium, of the borates of zinc, of the silicates of copper and of the arsenates of lead. A rapid-mixing apparatus that insured that the precipitations took place in homogeneous liquid medium was used. In each series of experiments, the concentration of one reacting solution was kept constant and that of the other systematically varied. The values of the molar ratio of oxides, CdO/CO 2 for example, in the precipitates were found by analysis. If they remained constant with different concentrations of reactants, a definite compound was indicated. The normal cadmium carbonate was obtained. Three definite basic compounds, not described in the literature, were prepared: a definite basic carbonate of cobalt, 5CoCO 3∙ Co(OH) 2 , and two definite basic arsenates of lead, 4Pb 3 (AsO 4 ) 2∙ Pb(OH) 2 and 9Pb 3 (AsO 4 ) 2∙ Pb(OH) 2 . Dilead arsenate, PbHAsO 4 , was easily precipitated, but trilead arsenate, Pb 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 , only under very specific conditions. The other precipitates were all mixtures. The influence of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solutions on the composition of the precipitates formed was determined.
A New Neural-Network-Based Fault Diagnosis Approach for Analog Circuits by Using Kurtosis and Entropy as a Preprocessor (2009)

This paper presents a new fault diagnosis method for analog circuits. The proposed method extracts the original signals from the output terminals of the circuits under test (CUTs) by a data acquisition board and finds the kurtoses and entropies of the signals, which are used to measure the high-order statistics of the signals. The entropies and kurtoses are then fed to a neural network as inputs for further fault classification. The proposed method can detect and identify faulty components in an analog circuit by analyzing its output signal with high accuracy and is suitable for nonlinear circuits. Preprocessing based on the kurtosis and entropy of signals for the neural network classifier simplifies the network architecture, reduces the training time, and improves the performance of the network. The results from our examples showed that the trochoid of the entropies and kurtoses is unique when the faulty component's value varies from zero to infinity; thus, we can correctly identify the faulty components when the responses do not overlap. Applying this method for three linear and nonlinear circuits, the average accuracy of the achieved fault recognition is more than 99%, although there are some overlapping data when tolerance is considered. Moreover, all the trochoids converge to one point when the faulty component is open-circuited, and thus, the method can classify not only soft faults but also hard faults.
Cooperative architecture for cellular-short-range combined mesh networks (2009)

Due to the nature of wireless communications, a single radio access technology (RAT) hardly satisfies all communication needs. RATs are roughly divided into two types: cellular and short-range. It becomes increasing popular to equip a mobile device with both types of air interfaces. By seamlessly in
Magnetically Recoverable Chiral Catalysts Immobilized on Magnetite Nanoparticles for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones (2005)

Novel heterogenized asymmetric catalysts were synthesized by immobilizing preformed Ru catalysts on magnetite nanoparticles via the phosphonate functionality and were characterized by a variety of techniques, including TEM, magnetization, and XRD. These nanoparticle-supported chiral catalysts were used for enantioselective heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with very high enantiomeric excess values of up to 98.0%. The immobilized catalysts were easily recycled by magnetic decantation and reused for up to 14 times without loss of activity and enantioselectivity. Orthogonal nature of the present catalyst immobilization approach should allow the design of other superparamagnetic nanoparticle-supported asymmetric catalysts for a wide range of organic transformations.
Security Analysis of the GF-NLFSR Structure and Four-Cell Block Cipher. (2009)

Abstract. The overall structure is one of the most important properties of block ciphers. At present, the most common structures include Feistel structure, SP structure, MISTY structure, L-M structure and Generalized Feistel structure. In [29], Choy et al. proposed a new structure called GF-NLFSR (Generalized Feistel-NonLinear Feedback Shift Register), and designed a new block cipher called Four-Cell which is based on the 4-cell GF-NLFSR. In this paper, we first study properties of the n-cell GF-NLFSR structure, and prove that for an n-cell GF-NLFSR, there exists an (n 2 + n − 2) rounds impossible differential. Then we present an impossible differential attack on the full 25-round Four-Cell using this kind of 18-round impossible differential distinguisher together with differential cryptanalysis technique. The data complexity of our attack is 2 111.5 and the time complexity is less than 2 123.5 encryptions. In addition, we expect the attack to be more efficient when the relations between different round subkeys can be exploited by taking the key schedule algorithm into consideration.
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli of Single Neurons in the Caudolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Macaque Monkey (1989)

1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in single neurons in this cortical area before, while, and after cynomolgous macaque monkeys were fed to satiety with glucose or fruit juice. 2. It was found that the responses of the neurons to the taste of the glucose decreased to zero while the monkey ate it to satiety during the course of which his behaviour turned from avid acceptance to active rejection. 3. This modulation of responsiveness of the gustatory responses of the neurons to satiety was not due to peripheral adaptation in the gustatory system or to altered efficacy of gustatory stimulation after satiety was reached, because modulation of neuronal responsiveness by satiety was not seen at earlier stages of the gustatory system, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the frontal opercular taste cortex, and the insular taste cortex. 4. The decreases in the responsiveness of the neurons were relatively specific to the food with which the monkey had been fed to satiety. For example, in seven experiments in which the monkey was fed glucose solution, neuronal responsiveness decreased to the taste of the glucose but not to the taste of blackcurrant juice. Conversely, in two experiments in which the monkey was fed to satiety with fruit juice, the responses of the neurons decreased to fruit juice but not to glucose. 5. These and earlier findings lead to a proposed neurophysiological mechanism for sensory-specific satiety in which the information coded by single neurons in the gustatory system becomes more specific through the processing stages consisting of the nucleus of the solitary tract, the taste thalamus, and the frontal opercular and insular taste primary taste cortices, until neuronal responses become relatively specific for the food tasted in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory-specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6. Evidence was obtained that gustatory processing involved in thirst also becomes interfaced to motivation in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste projection area, in that neuronal responses here to water were decreased to zero while water was drunk until satiety was produced.