gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dual-directional light-control film with a high-sag and high-asymmetrical-shape microlens array fabricated by a UV imprinting process (2008)

A dual-directional light-control film with a high-sag and high-asymmetric-shape long gapless hexagonal microlens array fabricated by an ultra-violent (UV) imprinting process is presented. Such a lens array is designed by ray-tracing simulation and fabricated by a micro-replication process including gray-scale lithography, electroplating process and UV curing. The shape of the designed lens array is similar to that of a near half-cylindrical lens array with a periodical ripple. The measurement results of a prototype show that the incident lights using a collimated LED with the FWHM of dispersion angle, 12°, are diversified differently in short and long axes. The numerical and experimental results show that the FWHMs of the view angle for angular brightness in long and short axis directions through the long hexagonal lens are about 34.3° and 18.1° and 31° and 13°, respectively. Compared with the simulation result, the errors in long and short axes are about 5% and 16%, respectively. Obviously, the asymmetric gapless microlens array can realize the aim of the controlled asymmetric angular brightness. Such a light-control film can be used as a power saving screen compared with convention diffusing film for the application of a rear projection display.
Fluorinated h-BN as a magnetic semiconductor (2017)

We report the fluorination of electrically insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and the subsequent modification of its electronic band structure to a wide bandgap semiconductor via introduction of defect levels. The electrophilic nature of fluorine causes changes in the charge distribution around neighboring nitrogen atoms in h-BN, leading to room temperature weak ferromagnetism. The observations are further supported by theoretical calculations considering various possible configurations of fluorinated h-BN structure and their energy states. This unconventional magnetic semiconductor material could spur studies of stable two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors. Although the high thermal and chemical stability of h-BN have found a variety of uses, this chemical functionalization approach expands its functionality to electronic and magnetic devices.
A framework for the development of cooperative robotic applications (2006)

The advances in mobile robotics, computing power, and wireless communications have turned feasible the development of communities of autonomous robots. In the last years, there is a greater interest in systems of multiple autonomous robots for the accomplishment of cooperative tasks. This project takes it into account and presents an architecture for the development of collaborative applications for a heterogeneous team of mobile robots based on embedded agents. The implemented architecture has the capacity to allow the team of robots to accomplish such tasks, and also it has tools and features that allow programmers to develop complex applications in a reasonable time. An agent-based development platform has been used for this purpose, due to it integrates the necessary capabilities for developing distributed applications, and manages the communications among all the components. To demonstrate the advantages of the architecture a real application, robot following, has been implemented. It consists of a set of embedded agents, which run in real robot systems, demonstrating that embedding agents in distributed intelligent systems is a powerful method for quick application development in the multirobot domain
Eye‐safety analysis of current laser‐based scanned‐beam projection systems (2010)

Abstract— Scanned‐beam projection systems have attracted much interest recently, with claimed advantages including power efficiency and potential miniaturization consistent with embedding in mobile devices. However, the laser‐safety classification and concomitant performance implications, which are arguably the most important issues pertaining to this technology, remain widely misunderstood. In this paper, Class 1 and 2 laser‐safety radiometric image power limits for scanned‐beam systems are derived with reference to the IEC 60825‐1 standard. By calculating the equivalent photometric measure of luminous flux, it is possible to show that the brightness limits for scanned‐beam projection systems using current technology are approximately 1 and 1 7 lm for Class 1 and 2 safety classifications, respectively.
Seamless handoff scheme for real-time application in the wireless IPv6 networking (2008)

To deal with increasing number of the mobile devices and real-time applications in the next generation wireless IPv6 networks, effective mobility management has become a critical problem. IETF proposed Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and its fast handoff protocol (FMIPv6) to provide mobility management for this demand. In this paper, we propose a seamless handoff scheme, which reduces the handoff delay by using an advanced Care-of Address (CoA) provisioning and testing method, for real-time applications based on FMIPv6. In our proposal, collision-free CoA is proactively prepared and the time for CoA testing is removed from the FMIPv6 handoff delay to achieve seamless handoff. The simulation results show that our proposal outperforms the current schemes on the aspect of handover delay.
A Survey of Missions for Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (2009)

Abstract : Which military missions for unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) appear most promising to pursue in terms of military need, risk, alternatives, and cost? This book presents the results of a limited study performed by the RAND Corporation to address this question. At the request of the sponsor, the book also surveys UUV technologies and the UUV marketplace and makes specific programmatic recommendations and broader recommendations (such as considering the relative suitability of UUVs and unmanned surface vehicles [USVs] for many missions). The book also recommends greater emphasis on using surface platforms--instead of submarines--as launch platforms. The basis for this recommendation is that although UUVs are expected to operate in denied areas, the enhanced endurance possible through surface-ship operations will reduce the need to launch and recover UUVs within denied areas. This book should be of interest to the Department of the Navy, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and Congress.
Cancer research on non-small cell lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers: snapshots from the AACR annual meeting 2009 (2009)

The 100th annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) took place in Denver on 18-22 April 2009 which brought together over 17,000 researchers from basic, translational and clinical cancer studies who exchanged and discussed recent advances in many areas of major interest. The meeting showcases the latest research trends in oncology and the related medical science. It covered a variety of different topics ranging from basic research to exploration of currently unknown pathogenesis and mechanisms for specific cancers. As the most prevalent type of lung cancer, reports on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprised a significant part of the meeting. A number of studies looked at the molecular biology of NSCLC patients with or without smoking history. Moreover, findings on the therapeutic effects of current and investigational drugs for NSCLC were also important topics. This meeting report aims to provide the readers with a summary of the research highlights on NSCLC in smokers and non-smokers presented in the AACR annual meeting 2009.
Transcription-terminating lesions induced by bifunctional alkylating agents <i>in vitro</i> (1989)

The present study was initiated to determine if DNA damage induced by the bifunctional anti-tumor alkylating agents melphalan, nitrogen mustard, a spontaneously activated derivative of cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil inhibits transcription in vitro, and to determine if the potential sites of transcription termination correlate with the sites of N7 guanine adducts predominantly formed by these agents. To assess drug effects on in vitro transcription, linearized plasmid DNA containing the 420-bp PstI fragment of exon two of the human c-myc oncogene was incubated with various concentrations of the drugs. After drug removal and further drug-free incubation, the sense strand of the c-myc insert was transcribed with either of two bacteriophage RNA polymerases in the presence of [32P]UTP. The labeled products of the reaction were electrophoresed next to the labeled products of RNA sequencing reactions, and the location of transcription termination along the DNA template was determined. The sites of transcription termination were then compared with the sites of drug-induced guanine N7 alkylation in the template, as determined by modified Maxam-Gilbert sequencing. At the drug exposures examined, all the drugs were shown to alkylate any guanine in the template. Transcription of this alkylated DNA, however, resulted in RNA molecules truncated not at every alkylated guanine, but at various discrete sites throughout the template. Transcription was terminated at every adenine pair examined in the melphalan-treated template, at selected guanine pairs in the nitrogen-mustard-treated template, and at selected adenine-guanine and guanine-adenine pairs in the chlorambucil-treated template. Transcription of cyclophosphamide-derivative-treated DNA was unaffected. These results suggest that only some bifunctional alkylating agents induce DNA damage capable of terminating transcription in vitro, and that these agents do so in a sequence-specific, drug-specific manner inconsistent with patterns of guanine N7 alkylation.
Evidence for histidine in the active sites of ficin and stem-bromelain (1968)

1. Ficin and stem-bromelain are irreversibly inhibited by 1,3-dibromoacetone, a reagent designed to react first with the active-site cysteine residue and subsequently with a second nucleophile. Evidence is presented that establishes that a histidine residue is within a 5A locus of the active-site cysteine residue in both enzymes. The histidine residue in both enzymes is alkylated at N-1 by dibromoacetone. It is suggested that, as with papain, the thiol and imidazole groups act in concert in the hydrolysis of substrates by these enzymes. 2. The inhibition of thiol-subtilisin with 1,3-dibromoacetone is shown to be due to the alkylation of a cysteine residue only.
Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Assisted Cracking in Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Welds (2005)

Replacement of expensive duplex stainless steel and conventional carbon steel by a new generation of supermartensitic stainless steel has been taken into account since the last decade in order to meet the technical-economical challenge for transportation flowlines of unprocessed oil and gas products in offshore technology. Supermartensitic stainless steels can provide appropriate material properties, such as: improved strength-to-weight ratio, enhanced useful corrosion resistance, as well as application at relatively low cost. With decreased carbon content and increased molybdenum content compared to traditional martensitic stainless steel, hydrogen assisted stress corrosion cracking (HASCC) problems have been found during service caused by hydrogen being taken up during service environments by cathodic protection. Hydrogen assisted cold cracking in supermartensitic stainless steel can also occur during fabrication welding with hydrogen picked up during welding, since this steel is relatively crack-susceptible by hydrogen. Therefore, effects of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC), i.e. HASCC and HACC, on characteristic susceptibility of girth welds of supermartensitic stainless steel pipelines, are studied in the present thesis by numerical modelling, which is developed using an available commercial finite element program.
Deprotonative Metalation of Functionalized Aromatics Using Mixed Lithium–Cadmium, Lithium–Indium, and Lithium–Zinc Species (2009)

In situ mixtures of CdCl(2)TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl(3) (0.33 equiv) with [Li(tmp)] (tmp = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino; 1.5 or 1.3 equiv, respectively) were compared with the previously described mixture of ZnCl(2)TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and [Li(tmp)] (1.5 equiv) for their ability to deprotonate anisole, benzothiazole, and pyrimidine. [(tmp)(3)CdLi] proved to be the best base when used in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with iodine. The Cd-Li base then proved suitable for the metalation of a large range of aromatics including benzenes bearing reactive functional groups (CONEt(2), CO(2)Me, CN, COPh) or heavy halogens (Br, I), and heterocycles (from the furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, and diazine series). Five-membered heterocycles benefiting from doubly activated positions were similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions or simply quenched with acid chlorides.
Dry, Moist, and Wet Skin Wound Repair (1995)

Effects of wet (saline in a vinyl chamber), moist (hydrocolloid dressing), and dry (sterile gauze dressing) environments on wound repair were studied in a porcine partial-thickness wound model. Chambers were exchanged and refilled daily with normal saline containing penicillin G (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (100 micrograms/ml). Hydrocolloid and gauze dressings were kept in place until biopsy of the wound site. Wounds in wet, moist, and dry environments were completely epithelialized on days 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Thickness of the epidermis in wet, moist, and dry wounds was 204 +/- 23, 141 +/- 12, and 129 +/- 18 (mean +/- SEM), respectively. Moist wounds had more subepidermal inflammatory cells than wet wounds. In comparison to dry wounds, the moist or the wet healing environment resulted in less necrosis and faster and better quality of healing in the formation of the newly regenerated epidermis.
Data from CoughAid (08-2019) (2019)

This data project supports a research article on CoughAid, a novel assistive device for laryngectomised patient. All data that was used within the study for this manuscript will be made open access so that readers of our published paper can access it.
A loss of telocytes accompanies fibrotic remodelling of the colonic wall in ulcerative colitis (2015)

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are complex diseases in which the interaction of genetic, environmental and microbial factors drives chronic relapsing and remitting intestinal inflammation that finally leads to extensive tissue fibrosis. In UC, this results in a stiff, fibrotic colon unable to carry out peristalsis or to resorb fluids. Colonic dysmotility is often observed in UC patients and has been linked to severe damages of the enteric neural structures and a reduced density of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Telocytes (TC), a peculiar type of stromal cells, have been recently identified in a variety of human tissues and organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. Several roles have been proposed for TC, including mechanical support, spatial relationships with different cell types, intercellular signalling and modulation of intestinal motility by spreading the slow waves generated by the pacemaker ICC. We have recently demonstrated that a loss of TC accompanies the fibrotic remodelling of the intestinal wall in CD patients. The aim of the present work was to investigate the presence and distribution of TC in colonic specimens from UC patients compared with controls. Archival paraffin-embedded full-thickness samples of the left colon from UC patients who underwent elective bowel resection and controls were collected. Tissue sections were stained with Masson’s trichrome to detect fibrosis. TC were identified by CD34 immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence for CD34 and CD31 (vascular endothelial cells), alpha-SMA (smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts) and c-kit (ICC) was also performed. In early fibrotic UC cases, fibrosis affected the muscularis mucosae and submucosa, while the muscularis propria was spared. In advanced fibrotic UC cases, fibrosis extended to affect the muscle layers and the myenteric plexus. Few TC were found in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa of both early and advanced fibrotic UC colonic wall. Conversely, numerous myofibroblasts were observed in the submucosa of all UC cases. In the muscle layers and at the myenteric plexus of early fibrotic UC, TC were preserved in their distribution. In the muscularis propria of advanced fibrotic UC, the network of TC was reduced or even completely absent around smooth muscle cells and myenteric plexus ganglia, paralleling the loss of the ICC network. In UC, the loss of TC accompanies the fibrotic remodelling of the colonic wall and might contribute to colonic dysmotility.
A DCT-based spatially adaptive post-processing technique to reduce the blocking artifacts in transform coded images (2000)

We propose a discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based post-processing technique to alleviate the blocking artifacts in transform coded images. In our approach, the high-frequency components, mainly caused by the edge components, are examined through two steps. First, two adjacent homogeneous blocks from the block boundary are found, where the homogeneous block is defined as the block in which no adjacent pixels' difference is larger than the difference of the block boundary. Second, the local frequency characteristics in the homogeneous block are examined through the DCT. Then, we derive the relation between the DCT coefficients of two homogeneous blocks of different sizes. By considering the information about the original edge and the relation, we can detect the high-frequency components, mainly caused by the blocking artifact. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on both still and moving images. The simulation results indicate that the proposed technique reduces the blocking artifacts effectively and preserves the original edges faithfully, and its performance is very robust to the degree of degradation in the decoded images.
Assessment of the Cross-Sectional Areas of the Psoas Major and Multifidus Muscles in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity (2017)

The cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle might be lower in elderly patients with ASD than in controls. In the elderly population, the severity of sagittal spinal deformity might be correlated with the cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle. Therefore, muscle imbalances between the flexors and extensors of the spine could participate in the pathology of ASD.
Solid-phase crystallization kinetics in doped<i>a</i>-Si chemical-vapor-deposition films (1985)

Solid-phase crystallization kinetics of undoped, phosphorus-doped (0[${\mathrm{PH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$]2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${1\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$), and boron-doped (0[${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$ ]2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) amorphous silicon films prepared by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) of silane have been studied with use of conductivity measurements. The crystallization growth rates (${V}_{g}$) and their activation energies (${E}_{v}$) are obtained during isothermal annealings in a large temperature range (510${T}_{A}$ 650 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). The growth rate is found to be enhanced as the doping content increases, whereas ${E}_{v}$ remains almost constant [${E}_{v}$=(2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1) eV] in the entire doping range. The most striking point is that the increase of ${V}_{g}$ is observed for relatively low doping concentrations and that there exists a simple correspondence between the increase of ${V}_{g}$ and the decrease of the density of neutral dangling bonds measured by EPR. For boron doping the growth rate increases by a factor of 4 in the range (0--7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ of diborane. In the same range, the neutral dangling bonds become positively charged and nonparamagnetic by electronic compensation with the acceptor atoms, and the EPR signal decreases from ${10}^{19}$ to ${10}^{17}$ spins/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. At higher doping concentrations , ${V}_{g}$ remains constant except for the heavily doped sample, where an additional increase of ${V}_{g}$ is observed. A similar behavior is obtained for phosphorus doping with a relatively small increase of ${V}_{g}$. We believe that these results indicate that dangling bonds play an important role in crystallization processes and the effect is dependent on their charge state. Possible models to account for this behavior will be discussed. X-ray-diffraction and Raman-spectroscopy measurements have also been carried out in order to control the crystallinity of the films.
Age and gender differences of endothelial function in 4739 healthy adults: the HUNT3 Fitness Study (2012)

The distribution of FMD in this study is representative of the respective age and gender groups of a healthy population and may be a useful reference for future studies. The high proportion of endothelial dysfunction came as a surprise. Its age and gender distribution suggest that FMD ≤0% precedes cardiovascular disease and that it may be a powerful non-invasive biomarker for identifying high-risk individuals.
Practical Method for the Absolute Configuration Assignment of <i>tert</i>/<i>tert</i> 1,2-Diols Using Their Complexes with Mo<sub>2</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub> (2007)

We describe here an application of the practical, simple, and reliable approach for the determination of the absolute configuration of sterically demanding tert/tert vic-diols. According to this method, it is only necessary to mix dimolybdenum tetraacteate and a chiral diol in DMSO and record the CD spectra in the 250-650 nm spectral range. From the sign of the CD bands occurring at around 310, 350, and 400 nm, it is possible to establish the chirality of the diol unit expressed by the sign of the O-C-C-O torsion angle. Because the preferred conformation of the diol in the formed complex is known, we are able to determine the absolute configuration of the carbon atoms in the diol subunit even in flexible tert/tert vic-diols.
Preamble recognition and synchronization detection in partial-response systems (2002)

To achieve fast initial gain and timing-phase adjustment in receivers for communication or storage systems using partial-response signaling, a synchronization preamble preceding user data is transmitted. A method for recognizing that synchronization has been achieved and that the preamble is being received, and for detecting the end of preamble is presented. The method is based on a maximum-likelihood test. Its efficiency is demonstrating by computing the probability of not recognizing the preamble when it is actually received and the probability of falsely recognizing the preamble when in fact user data are received.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>