gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The improvement of a software design methodology by encapsulating knowledge from code (2002)

While numerous software engineering methodologies exist, are well documented, and are widely used, e.g. JSD, SSADM, etc., it can be argued that none cater for the specific problems associated with reengineering legacy, or dusty-deck systems. This paper reports on a development environment, KATT, that enshrines a methodology which enables the development of new codes or the reengineering of existing legacy codes. The system is designed to enable sequential codes to be translated for execution on either parallel or sequential architectures, e.g. moving Fortran 77 to a workstation cluster or translating Cobol to Java. The approach involves the encapsulation and application of restructuring knowledge via the use of expert systems and neural networks.
New approaches to optimization in aerospace conceptual design (1995)

Aerospace design can be viewed as an optimization process, but conceptual studies are rarely performed using formal search algorithms. Three issues that restrict the success of automatic search are identified in this work. New approaches are introduced to address the integration of analyses and optimizers, to avoid the need for accurate gradient information and a smooth search space (required for calculus-based optimization), and to remove the restrictions imposed by fixed complexity problem formulations. (1) Optimization should be performed in a flexible environment. A quasi-procedural architecture is used to conveniently link analysis modules and automatically coordinate their execution. It efficiently controls a large-scale design tasks. (2) Genetic algorithms provide a search method for discontinuous or noisy domains. The utility of genetic optimization is demonstrated here, but parameter encodings and constraint-handling schemes must be carefully chosen to avoid premature convergence to suboptimal designs. The relationship between genetic and calculus-based methods is explored. (3) A variable-complexity genetic algorithm is created to permit flexible parameterization, so that the level of description can change during optimization. This new optimizer automatically discovers novel designs in structural and aerodynamic tasks.
Improvements of microwave ion source for 300 mm-diameter SIMOX wafer production (2003)

To meet the needs for volume production of 300 mm-diameter SIMOX wafers, improvements were made for the conventional microwave ion source to obtain an implant current above 100 mA. The plasma chamber diameter was increased from 80 mm to 90 mm to produce a uniform plasma in the ion source. Convex extraction electrodes were used to transport the extracted O/sup +/ beams to the implant chamber with high transmission efficiency. A maximum extraction current of about 240 mA was obtained at the extraction voltage of 50-65 kV. A beam trajectory simulation showed that an implant current of 100-150 mA would be easily achieved using the improved microwave ion source in the Hitachi SIMOX ion implanter, the UI-5000.
Thiol/Diselenide Exchange for the Generation of Benzeneselenolate Ion. Catalytic Reductive Ring-Opening of .alpha.,.beta.-Epoxy Ketones (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiol/Diselenide Exchange for the Generation of Benzeneselenolate Ion. Catalytic Reductive Ring-Opening of .alpha.,.beta.-Epoxy KetonesLars Engman and David SternCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5179–5183Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00097a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views983Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Definition of the inetOrgPerson LDAP Object Class (2000)

While the X.500 standards define many useful attribute types [X520] and object classes [X521], they do not define a person object class that meets the requirements found in today's Internet and Intranet directory service deployments. We define a new object class called inetOrgPerson for use in LDAP and X.500 directory services that extends the X.521 standard organizationalPerson class to meet these needs.
Electron Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes: Modeling and Simulations (2004)

Here, we present theoretical investigations on field emission properties of open and closed single-walled carbon nanotubes. These investigations include studies on the effects of geometry and electronic structure of the nanotubes. The electric field intensity and its spatial variation near the tips of open and closed nanotubes are calculated. The field intensity of an open nanotube in very close proximity of the tip is found to be higher but it decreases more rapidly with the distance. It is found that calculated emission currents from closed nanotubes are higher than that of open nanotubes at low electric fields. Emissions patterns are simulated and they are found to be related to the local electronic structure of the nanotube caps.
Behaviors of Hydrogen and Oxygen on Claned Silicon Surfaces (1994)

Silicon surfaces of CZ-grown wafer have been investigated by time-of-flight type electron-stimulated desorption spectroscopy (TOF-ESD). Though such surfaces had been believed to be clean enough after heating and flashing in UHV, considerable amounts of hydrogen and oxygen ions were detected by TOF-ESD on these surfaces. The yield of ESD oxygen ions decreased during cooling of the specimen to liquid nitrogen temperature after heating. The proton yield increased normally during cooling after flashing because of hydrogen diffusion from the bulk. Total cross sections of proton and oxygen ions for slow electron irradiation are estimated to be on the order of 10 -19 cm 2 .
Intrauterine fetal brain NMR spectroscopy: <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>31</sup>P studies in rats (1989)

Fetal brain metabolism was investigated in utero noninvasively using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in rats at two representative prenatal stages: early (17-18 days) and late (20-21 days) stages. Phosphorus-31 (31P) spectroscopy revealed that phosphocreatine is significantly lower in the early stage and increases to the level of early neonates by the late prenatal stage. Intracellular pH at the early stage was found to be strikingly high (7.52 +/- 0.21) and decreased to a level similar to that of neonates by the late stage (7.29 +/- 0.07). Phosphomonoester levels at both stages were similar to the values reported for early neonates. Water-suppressed proton (1H) spectroscopy demonstrated a distinctive in vivo fetal brain spectral pattern characterized by low levels of N-acetyl aspartate and high levels of taurine. High-resolution proton spectroscopy and homonuclear chemical-shift correlate spectroscopy of brain perchloric acid extracts confirmed these in vivo findings. In vitro 31P spectroscopy of acidified chloroform methanol extracts showed the characteristic membrane phospholipid profiles of fetal brain. The phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-to-phosphatidylcholine (PC) ratio (PE/PC) did not show significant changes between the two stages at 0.40 +/- 0.11, a value similar to that of early neonates.
Changes in tomato ovary transcriptome demonstrate complex hormonal regulation of fruit set (2007)

Plant hormones are considered to be important mediators of the fruit developmental signal after pollination. The role of phytohormones in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit set was investigated here. Transcriptome analysis of ovaries was performed using two complementary approaches: cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microarray analysis. The gene expression profiles obtained suggest that, in addition to auxin and gibberellin, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are involved in regulating fruit set. Before fruit development, many genes involved in biotic and abiotic responses are active in the ovary. In addition, genes involved in ethylene and ABA biosynthesis were strongly expressed, suggesting relatively high ethylene and ABA concentrations before fruit set. Induction of fruit development, either by pollination or by gibberellin application, attenuated expression of all ethylene and ABA biosynthesis and response genes within 24 h. It is proposed that the function of ABA and ethylene in fruit set might be antagonistic to that of auxin and gibberellin in order to keep the ovary in a temporally protected and dormant state; either to protect the ovary tissue or to prevent fruit development before pollination and fertilization occur.
Fuel cell research - An investigation of non- steady-state operation Final report, 1 Jun. 1963 - 1 Jun. 1965 (1965)

Application of galanostatic studies to fuel cell electrodes - effects of pulsed loading on fuel cell operation
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Tandem Michael−Aldol Reactions:  One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral Thiochromenes (2006)

A highly enantioselective (S) diphenylpyrrolinol silyl ether promoted tandem Michael-aldol reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with 2-mercaptobenzaldehydes has been developed. The method affords one-pot access to chiral and synthetically useful thiochromenes in high yields and high enantioselectivities from readily available compounds.
Synthesis of 4-Butoxy-1-thia-4-boracyclohexane via Dimethylaminoethyl and Butyl Divinylborinates<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 4-Butoxy-1-thia-4-boracyclohexane via Dimethylaminoethyl and Butyl Divinylborinates1DONALD S. MATTESONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 1, 275–278Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01048a067https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01048a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antioxidant role of carotenoids in Phaffia rhodozyma (1993)

The role of carotenoids in protecting the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma against reactive oxygen species was studied. Addition of the O2 −-generator duroquinone (DQ) to yeast-malt broth increased total carotenoid content as well as the relative amounts of xanthophylls present, while the reactive oxygen scavenger mannitol reversed this effect. Resistance to DQ increased in the stationary phase, particularly in the carotenoid-hyperproducing strain studied. Assay of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in P. rhodozyma indicated the presence of Mn-SOD and the complete absence of Fe-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD. Catalase activity in P. rhodozyma was significantly lower than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, particularly in stationary cultures. In young cells, H2O2 resistance was directly related to carotenoid levels, and selection of cultures based on peroxide resistance resulted in slightly increased carotenoid production. These results indicate that carotenoids play an antioxidant role during ageing in P. rhodozyma.
Skin fibroblasts obtained from cancer patients display foetal-like migratory behaviour on collagen gels (1985)

When plated on the surface of collagen gel substrata, all types of fibroblasts rapidly begin to migrate down into the three-dimensional collagen matrix. We have previously demonstrated that normal (adult and foreskin), foetal and transformed fibroblasts may be distinguished from each other by virtue of their differential migratory response to changes in cell density. The effects of cell density on fibroblast migration into the gel may be expressed by a single numerical value, the 'cell density migration index' (CDMI). We now present evidence that ostensibly normal skin fibroblasts obtained from the majority of patients we examined with carcinoma of the breast, malignant melanoma, familial polyposis coli, retinoblastoma and Wilms' tumours display aberrant CDMI values falling within the foetal range. Skin fibroblasts obtained from the majority of patients examined with genetic or chronic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy) displayed CDMI values falling within the normal range.
A Robust License Plate Detection and Character Recognition Algorithm Based on a Combined Feature Extraction Model and BPNN (2018)

The rapid development of the license plate recognition technology has made great progress for its widespread uses in intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper has proposed a novel license plate detection and character recognition algorithm based on a combined feature extraction model and BPNN (Backpropagation Neural Network) which is adaptable in weak illumination and complicated backgrounds. Firstly, a preprocessing is first used to strengthen the contrast ratio of original car image. Secondly, the candidate regions of license plate are checked to verify the true plate, and the license plate image is located accurately by the integral projection method. Finally, a new feature extraction model is designed using three sets of features combination, training the feature vectors through BPNN to complete accurate recognition of the license plate characters. The experimental results with different license plate demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm under various complex backgrounds. Compared with three traditional methods, the recognition accuracy of proposed algorithm has increased to 97.7% and the consuming time has decreased to 46.1ms.
Eotaxin in serum of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship with eosinophil cationic protein and lung function (2000)

This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between the serum ECP and the serum eotaxin level, and disease activity as evaluated with pulmonary function in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 20 patients with stable asthma and 15 patients with COPD, and 15 subjects of the control group took part in this study. The analysis of ECP was performed according to the manufacturer's directions (Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, Uppsala, Sweden). The ELISA test was used to measure eotaxin levels in sserum (kits from R&D, USA). The levels of ECP were 16.9+/-6.3 microg/L in patients with asthma, 15.1+/-9.3 microg/L in patients with COPD and 11.8+/-6.2 microg/L in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the asthma ECP level compared with the ECP level in COPD. There was a significant difference between the ECP plasma level in asthma compared with the ECP plasma level in the control group (p<0.05). The levels of eotaxin were 175.8+/-49.3 pg/mL in the control group. There was a correlation of ECP and the eotaxin level in asthma patients (r=+0.5, p<0.05). The percentage fall in FEV1 correlated with eotaxin level in asthma (r=-0.3, p<0.05) and with the eotaxin level in COPD (r=-0.5, p<0.05). Serum outcomes of eotaxin and ECP levels appear to be a useful indicator of atopic asthma, and might provide complementary data disease monitoring. Therefore, further investigations are required to clarify whether serum eotaxin measurements have a role in the clinical evaluation in COPD.
Derivation and representation of dose-volume response from large clinical trial data sets: an example from the RADAR prostate radiotherapy trial (2014)

Large multicentre radiotherapy trials incorporating assessment of multiple outcomes at multiple timepoints can generate extensive datasets. We have investigated graphical techniques for presentation of this data and the associated underlying dose-volume response information, necessary for guiding statistical analyses and translating outcomes to future patient treatments. A relational database was used to archive reviewed plan data for patients accrued to the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial. Viewing software was used to clean and enhance the data. Scripts were developed to export arbitrary dose-histogram data which was combined with clinical toxicity data with a median follow-up of 72 months. Graphical representations of dose-volume response developed include prevalence atlasing, univariate logistic regression and dose-volume-point odds ratios, and continuous cut-point derivation via ROC analysis. These representations indicate variable association of toxicities across structures and time-points. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Active Queue Management (AQM) Based on Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced PIE) for Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) Cable Modems (2017)

Cable modems based on Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications
(DOCSIS) provide broadband Internet access to over one hundred million
users worldwide. In some cases, the cable modem connection is the
bottleneck (lowest speed) link between the customer and the Internet.
As a result, the impact of buffering and bufferbloat in the cable
modem can have a significant effect on user experience. The CableLabs
DOCSIS 3.1 specification introduces requirements for cable modems to
support an Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithm that is intended to
alleviate the impact that buffering has on latency-sensitive traffic,
while preserving bulk throughput performance. In addition, the
CableLabs DOCSIS 3.0 specifications have also been amended to contain
similar requirements. This document describes the requirements on AQM
that apply to DOCSIS equipment, including a description of the
DOCSIS-PIE algorithm that is required on DOCSIS 3.1 cable modems.
Nanosphere Lithography:  Size-Tunable Silver Nanoparticle and Surface Cluster Arrays (1999)

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is an inexpensive, inherently parallel, high-throughput, and materials-general nanofabrication technique capable of producing well-ordered 2D periodic particle arrays of nanoparticles. This paper focuses on the synthesis of size-tunable silver nanoparticle arrays by nanosphere lithography and their structural characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The in-plane diameter, a, of Ag nanoparticles was tuned from 21 to 126 nm by systematic variation of the nanosphere diameter, D. Similarly, the out-of-plane height, b, was tuned from 4 to 47 nm by varying the mass thickness, dm, of the Ag overlayer. Experimental measurements of a, b, and interparticle spacing dip of many individual nanoparticles as a function of D and dm were carried out using AFM. These studies show (i) b = dm, (ii) dip accurately corresponds to predictions based on the nanosphere mask geometry, (iii) a, after correction for AFM tip convolution, is governed only by the mask geometry and the standard deviation, σD, of the nanosphere diameter, and (iv) line-of-sight deposition is strictly operative. Furthermore, we have established that nanosphere lithography can fabricate nanoparticles that contain only ca. 4 × 104 atoms and are in the size range of a surface-confined cluster.
Spatially Adaptive Regression Splines and Accurate Knot Selection Schemes (2001)

Spline procedures have proven effective in estimating smooth functions. However, spline procedures based on stepwise addition and/or deletion have some drawbacks. They suffer from the knot compounding problem, making their performance suboptimal. Furthermore, due to computational complexity, spline procedures may not achieve their full potential. In this article, we propose a novel knot selection algorithm for regression spline estimation in nonparametric regression. The algorithm includes three new components: knot relocation, guided search, and local fitting. The local properties of the spline functions are used to efficiently implement the algorithm. Extensive simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the improvement of the new knot selection algorithm over the stepwise addition and deletion scheme, and the advantages of the spline procedure with the new knot selection scheme over alternative adaptive methods. In the simulations, our procedure achieves very competitive performance with alternative methods and has substantial advantage in nonsmooth functions. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed method is illustrated by an application to signal recovery in speech signal processing.
Designing a disaster-resilient network with software defined networking (2014)

With the wide deployment of network facilities and the increasing requirement of network reliability, the disruptive event like natural disaster, power outage or malicious attack has become a non-negligible threat to the current communication network. Such disruptive event can simultaneously destroy all devices in a specific geographical area and affect many network based applications for a long time. Hence, it is essential to build disaster-resilient network for future highly survivable communication services. In this paper, we focus on the integrated approach through the technique of software defined networking to mitigate disaster risks while cut down the investment and management costs. Our design consists of a sub-graph based proactive protection approach for fast rerouting at the network nodes and a splicing approach at the controller for effective post-disaster restoration. Such a systematic design is implemented in OpenFlow framework through the Mininet emulator and Nox controller. Numerical results show that our approach can achieve high reliability, fast recovery and low control overhead.