gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gangliosides normalize distorted single-cell intracellular free Ca2+ dynamics after toxic doses of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells. (1990)

Glutamate-induced delayed neurotoxicity after abusive and paroxismal activation of its receptors has been proposed to depend upon a sustained increase in intracellular free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). To elucidate the temporal and causal relationship between glutamate-induced changes in [Ca2+]i and neuronal death, we simultaneously studied the dynamics of [Ca2+]i changes in single neurons with the acetoxymethyl ester of fura-2 and the cell viability by imaging the nuclear penetration of propidium iodide. The main difference between toxic (50 microM) and nontoxic (5 microM) doses of glutamate is the lack of regulation in [Ca2+]i 20 min after glutamate is removed. This protracted rise in [Ca2+]i in a single cell is correlated with (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01, Spearman's test), and consequently predictive of, the time of appearance of neuronal death, as measured by propidium iodide fluorescence. In addition, the glutamate receptor antagonists dibenzocyclohepteneimine (MK-801) and 3,3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)propyl 1-phosphate reduce the acute increase of [Ca2+]i induced by glutamate but fail to revert the protracted increase of [Ca2+]i, elicited by toxic doses of glutamate. In contrast, the ganglioside GM1 and the semisynthetic lysoGM1 with N-acetylsphingosine (LIGA-4) and lysoGM1 with N-dichloroacetylsphingosine (LIGA-20) failed to change the immediate rise of [Ca2+]i elicited by glutamate but prevented the protracted increase in [Ca2+]i after toxic doses of glutamate. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blockers (nifedipine, etc.) did not change the initial or protracted responses to glutamate.
The Preparation of N-Substituted-N<sup>1</sup>-nitroguanidines by the Reaction of Primary Amines with N-Alkyl-N-nitroso-N<sup>1</sup>-nitroguanidines (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of N-Substituted-N1-nitroguanidines by the Reaction of Primary Amines with N-Alkyl-N-nitroso-N1-nitroguanidinesA. F. McKayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 1968–1970Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01174a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive dispersion equalization of 8-ps pulses in 400-km transmission line by monitoring relative phase shift between spacing-fixed WDM signals (2003)

We propose an adaptive dispersion equalization system based on wavelength tuning and monitoring the relative phase shift between fixed-spacing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signals. Adaptive equalization is successfully demonstrated for 40-Gbit/s (8-ps RZ pulses) 400-km transmission.
Systemic absorption of insulin delivered topically to the rat eye. (1991)

Insulin administration in eye drops containing 1% saponin caused a rapid and reproducible reduction in blood levels of D-glucose in anesthetized rats; insulin eye drops lacking saponin were ineffective. Systemic insulin absorption also was observed when Brij 78 or BL-9 was substituted for saponin in eye drops containing insulin. Nonanesthetized rats displayed lower initial D-glucose levels than anesthetized rats, and little hypoglycemic response to insulin eye drops could be observed, suggesting that counter-regulatory hormones could effectively counterbalance the influence of exogenous insulin on glycemic control. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats displayed elevated blood D-glucose values (greater than 400 mg/dl), and these values were decreased to 100-200 mg/dl after the administration of insulin in eye drop solutions containing saponin. The site of insulin absorption appears to be the nasolacrimal drainage system of the rat because administration of a solution containing insulin plus saponin directly into the punctum caused a rapid, significant decrease in blood D-glucose levels. The observation that insulin could be absorbed from the rat eye is consistent with the possibility that insulin eye drops containing an absorption-enhancing surfactant agent could be of potential benefit in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans.
ADVANCED AGE, OBESITY AND CONTINUOUS CATHETER FEMORAL NERVE BLOCKADE ARE INDEPENDENT RISK FACTORS FOR POST-OPERATIVE FALLS FOLLOWING PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (2012)

Purpose Femoral nerve blockade (FNB) can provide prolonged postoperative analgesia and facilitate rehabilitation following major knee surgery while minimizing opioid-related adverse effects. However, anecdotal data have implicated FNB in post-operative falls, presumably due to a block-related reduction in quadriceps strength. Age, gender and knee replacement surgery have also been previously identified as risk factors for falls in the acute postoperative orthopaedic inpatient setting. We hypothesized that the use of FNB would be an independent predictor of an inpatient fall following total knee replacement (TKR). Method We examined a cohort of 2,197 patients who underwent TKR in a single academic institution between October 2003 and March 2010. The start date was based on the separate initiation of both a comprehensive regional anesthesia database and an orthopaedic ward Falls Surveillance Program. Patients undergoing revision TKR or unicompartmental arthroplasty were excluded. Age, simultaneous bilateral TKR, gender, body mass index (BMI), and various regional nerve blocks were considered predictors of post-operative falls in a logistic regression model. The database allowed resolution of the type (i.e. femoral, sciatic) and duration (i.e. single-bolus, indwelling continuous perineural catheter) of nerve blockade. Hospital-standard dosing and insertion techniques were employed. Results The total number of falls was 60 (rate 2.7%), 40 of which occurred within 48 hours of surgery. When compared to patients who did not fall, those who fell were significantly older (699 years vs 6611 years; p=0.03), obese [BMI >30kg/m2] (75% vs 59%; p=0.01) and had continuous catheter FNB (97% vs 86%; p=0.02). The odds ratio of having a fall was 1.04 (1.0–1.07; p=0.008) for each one-year increase in age above the mean age of 66 years, 2.4 (1.3–4.5; p=0.005) for a BMI >30kg/m2 and 4.4 (1.04–18.2; p=0.04) for continuous catheter FNB. Gender, simultaneous bilateral TKR, any sciatic nerve block or spinal anesthetic did not predict an increased risk of acute-care post-operative falls. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate an increased risk of post-operative falls in obese patients and with the use of continuous catheter FNB following TKR. Careful consideration of the use of continuous catheter FNB may be warranted in patients with additional risk factors for falls such as advanced age and obesity.
Fungal decay resistance of aspen blocks treated with heartwood extracts (1994)

Methanol extracts from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), osage orange (Maclura pomifera), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), and Intsia byuga heartwood were used to increase the decay resistance of aspen (Populus tremuloides) blocks. At a 10 percent retention level, treated aspen blocks exposed to a brown-rot fungus showed a weight loss decrease of 95 percent.
Developing Real-time Streaming Transformer Transducer for Speech Recognition on Large-scale Dataset (2020)

Recently, Transformer based end-to-end models have achieved great success in many areas including speech recognition. However, compared to LSTM models, the heavy computational cost of the Transformer during inference is a key issue to prevent their applications. In this work, we explored the potential of Transformer Transducer (T-T) models for the fist pass decoding with low latency and fast speed on a large-scale dataset. We combine the idea of Transformer-XL and chunk-wise streaming processing to design a streamable Transformer Transducer model. We demonstrate that T-T outperforms the hybrid model, RNN Transducer (RNN-T), and streamable Transformer attention-based encoder-decoder model in the streaming scenario. Furthermore, the runtime cost and latency can be optimized with a relatively small look-ahead.
Two-photon patterning of a polymer containing Y-shaped azochromophores (2009)

We report on the patterning of the free surface of azo-based polymer films by means of mass migration driven by one- or two-photon absorption. A symmetric donor-acceptor-donor structured Y-shaped azochromophore is specifically synthesized to enhance two-photon absorption in the polymer. The exposure of the polymer film to a focused laser beam results in light-driven mass migration for both one- and two-photon absorptions. Features with subdiffraction resolution (250 nm) are realized and the patterning dynamics is investigated as a function of the light dose. Furthermore, functional photonic structures, such as diffraction gratings with periods ranging between 0.5 and 2.0 μm, have been realized.
Progress in Understanding Harmful Algal Blooms: Paradigm Shifts and New Technologies for Research, Monitoring, and Management (2011)

The public health, tourism, fisheries, and ecosystem impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) have all increased over the past few decades. This has led to heightened scientific and regulatory attention, and the development of many new technologies and approaches for research and management. This, in turn, is leading to significant paradigm shifts with regard to, e.g., our interpretation of the phytoplankton species concept (strain variation), the dogma of their apparent cosmopolitanism, the role of bacteria and zooplankton grazing in HABs, and our approaches to investigating the ecological and genetic basis for the production of toxins and allelochemicals. Increasingly, eutrophication and climate change are viewed and managed as multifactorial environmental stressors that will further challenge managers of coastal resources and those responsible for protecting human health. Here we review HAB science with an eye toward new concepts and approaches, emphasizing, where possible, the unexpected yet promising new directions that research has taken in this diverse field.
Unsupervised Image Segmentation and Annotation for Content-Based Image Retrieval (2006)

We propose an unsupervised approach to segment color images and annotate its regions. The annotation process uses a multi-modal thesaurus that is built from a large collection of training images by learning associations between low-level visual features and keywords. Association rules are learned through fuzzy clustering and unsupervised feature selection. We assume that a collection of images is available and that each image is globally annotated. The objective is to extract representative visual profiles that correspond to frequent homogeneous regions, and to associate them with keywords. Our approach has three main steps. First, each image is coarsely segmented into regions, and visual features are extracted from each region. Second, the regions are categorized using a fuzzy algorithm that performs clustering and feature weighting simultaneously. As a result, we obtain clusters of regions that share subsets of relevant features. Representatives from each cluster and their relevant visual and textual features would be used to build a thesaurus. Third, fuzzy membership functions are used to label new regions based on their proximity to the thesaurus entries. The proposed approach is trained with a collection of 2,695 images and tested with several different images.
G. Clark and T. Rajak (eds), Philosophy and Power in the Graeco-Roman World: Essays in Honour of Miriam Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii + 348, 1 pl. ISBN 0-1982-9990-7. £45.00. (2004)

G. Clark and T. Rajak (eds), Philosophy and Power in the Graeco-Roman World: Essays in Honour of Miriam Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii + 348, 1 pl. ISBN 0-1982-9990-7. £45.00. - Volume 94
Graphene/MoS<sub>2</sub> Heterostructures for Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA Hybridisation (2014)

The photoluminescence signals of a graphene/MoS2 heterostructural stacking film are sensitive to environmental charges, which allows the single-base sequence-selective detection of DNA hybridization with sensitivity to the level of aM.
A multi-domain dialog system to integrate heterogeneous spoken dialog systems (2013)

[EN] In this paper, we present an architecture to create a multidomain\nspoken dialog system with minimum effort by composing\nheterogeneous pre-existent spoken dialog systems into\na new system able to perform richer interactions. A Task Manager\nacts as a proxy for the different sub-domains and activates\none of the systems each turn. The different sub-systems are not\naware that they are used in a multi-domain scenario and believe\nthat they are speaking directly to the user. This allows us to add\nnew domains leaving most of the underlying models unmodified\nand reducing the amount of time and money needed to deploy\nthe application.\nThe proposed architecture has been applied to create a\nmulti-domain system combining three heterogeneous spoken\ndialog systems (sport facilities booking, weather service and\npersonal calendar) in Spanish. The evaluation with naive real\nusers shows that this is an appropriate approach to develop\nmulti-domain spoken dialog systems.
Scatterless Hybrid Metal-Single Crystal Slit for Small Angle X-ray Scattering and High Resolution X-ray Diffraction. (2009)

A simple hybrid design has been developed to produce practically scatterless aperture slits for small-angle X-ray scattering and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. The hybrid slit consists of a rectangular single-crystal substrate (e.g. Si or Ge) bonded to a high-density metal base with a large taper angle (> 10°). The beam-defining single-crystal tip is oriented far from any Bragg peak position with respect to the incident beam and hence produces none of the slit scattering commonly associated with conventional metal slits. It has been demonstrated that the incorporation of the scatterless slits leads to a much simplified design in small-angle X-ray scattering instruments employing only one or two apertures, with dramatically increased intensity (a threefold increase observed in the test setup) and improved low-angle resolution.
PULMONARY AND SKIN EVAPORATIVE HEAT LOSS DURING EXCERISE IN HOT DRY CONDITIONS IN CROSSBREDS (1997)

Six apparently healthy male calves (Tharparkar X Holstein) were subjected to treadmill exercise for 1 hr in hot dry conditions. Exercise during heat increased heat loss by evaporation through sweating and through pulmonary system. Before exercise heat loss through skin was 87% and through pulmonary system was 12%. After exercise 88% of the heat was lost by sweating and 11 % by pulmonary system. High level of evaporation from the skin reduced the demand for evaporative heat loss from respiratory tract particularly during exercise under heat stress. Increase in alveolar ventilation and increase in oxygen consumption were related.
Disciform Degeneration of the Macula (1976)

Of 84 patients with unilateral disciform macular degeneration, 36 were followed up for one to four years (average, 22 months). The fellow eye in 13 cases developed disciform lesions during that follow-up period. A significantly greater number of drusen were found in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral disciform macular degeneration than in the eyes of a comparable control group of patients (P less than .001). Furthermore, the eyes with unilateral disciform macular degeneration that developed disciform lesions in the other eye were characterized as a group by a significantly larger number of drusen than those that did not. We postulate that drusen are precursors of disciform macular degeneration in fellow eyes and are probably manifestations of the same exudative process.
Computer aided logic design (1972)

This paper describes an interactive computer-aided design system which converts a state table description of a small scale synchronous digital system into a logic diagram. The input to the design programs is a State Table and a Unit Control Table that is generated by another design automation program. The State Table sequences the operations of the system. The Unit Control Table describes the operations that are to be performed on the defined units of the digital system and the conditions under which the operations are to be performed. The output of the design system is a detailed logical design of the control logic of the digital system. The output is in the form of an interconnection diagram that can be read by a digital hardware simulation program.
Overview and outlook on the semantic desktop (2005)

Abstract. In this paper we will give an overview of the Semantic Desktop paradigm, beginning with the history of the term, a definition, current work and its relevance to knowledge management of the future. Existing applications and research results are listed and their role as building blocks of the future Semantic Desktop described. Based on the analysis of existing systems we propose two software architecture paradigms, one for the Semantic Desktop at large and another for applications running on a Semantic Desktop. A view on the context aspect of the Semantic Desktop and the Knowledge Management aspect is given. Based on the current events and projects, we give an outlook on the next steps. 1
SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance identifies naturally occurring truncations of ORF7a that limit immune suppression (2021)

Over 200,000 whole genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 have been determined for viruses isolated from around the world. These sequences have been critical for understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Using global phylogenomics, we show that mutations frequently occur in the C-terminal end of ORF7a. We have isolated one of these mutant viruses from a patient sample and used viral challenge experiments to demonstrate that Δ115 mutation results in a growth defect. ORF7a has been implicated in immune modulation, and we show that the C-terminal truncation results in distinct changes in interferon stimulated gene expression. Collectively, this work indicates that ORF7a mutations occur frequently and that these changes affect viral mechanisms responsible for suppressing the immune response.
Remembering Conquest (1999)

Abstract This essay limits itself to explore a particular experience -that of a Thai experience. It will focus on a phenomenon of US colonization of Thailand and its relation to sexual violence against women. The essay will assess Thai feminists' position on the role of religion as a source of moral ambiguity and liberation in this situation. It will suggest that a constructive solution to sexual violence against women in Thailand requires serious consideration of feminists' concerns and analysis of the situation as well as their proposal for reconstructing a new paradigm of right relations that takes seriously Thai women's history of struggle in a patriarchal culture.
Cobalt complexes of Bi- and Tetra-dentate N-substituted o-Mercaptobenzaldimines (1976)

The synthesis of a number of cobalt(11) and cobalt(111) complexes of bi- and tetra-dentate N -substituted o -mercaptobenzaldimines is reported. The Co11 bidentate complexes are spin-free and the tetra- dentate are spin-paired. 2,2'-Ethylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bis(benzenethiolato-S,N)cobalt(11) (Co-(mben)) does not behave as an oxygen carrier at room temperature, in contradistinction to Co(salen). The complex is easily oxidized in the presence of water to [Co(mben)(H2O)2]+ ions. A synthetic route to the complexes through the aldehydato complex Co(mb)2 is described which avoids condensation of the aldimines to cyclic nonanes.
Structural Damage Identification in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Structures Using Beamforming (2005)

In this study, beamformers consisting of phased sensor or actuator arrays are used in the nondestructive evaluation of homogeneous and heterogeneous structural components. Beamforming can be used to detect, locate, and quantify damage by suitably applying weights and time or phase delays to the tapped signals from a sensor array and/or actuator array in a narrow frequency band to obtain the desired directional sensitivities and optimal array gains. Some aspects about beamforming and wave propagation are discussed as a prelude to the experimental investigation. Design considerations for the phased arrays are also examined. The advantages of using adaptive over conventional beamforming are demonstrated with Frost constraint- and pilot signal-based adaptive techniques. Data from steel and composite plates are analyzed using propagating elastic waves and phased arrays of sensors and/or actuators. Damage, which can be characterized as a local change in impedance, is diagnosed by using propagating elastic waves as they are sensitive to small changes in impedance and do not require a large number of input/output transducers. Beamforming of sensor and/or actuator arrays is carried out to characterize damage in steel and composite plates by comparing the directivity patterns associated with the damage and baseline data.
Frequency-domain measurement of carrier escape times in MQW electro-absorption optical modulators (1995)

Frequency-domain measurement of carrier escape times in reverse-biased multiple-quantum wells (MQW's) is proposed and demonstrated. Measurement and analysis of opto-to-electrical (OE) frequency response give the escape times of both electrons and holes with excellent time resolution. Using this technique, we measured escape times in an InGaAs-InAlAs MQW electro-absorption modulator and estimated the carrier density in the wells during optical input. This measurement can clarify the optical saturation effect in optical devices such as MQW electro-absorption modulators.