gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revenue optimization and fairness control of priced guaranteed and best effort services on an ATM transmission link (2002)

This paper is the sequel of two previous papers describing and analyzing partially blocking-queueing systems. In those papers Blaabjerg et al. (see Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems, ICCS '96, Singapore, 1996 and Proc. of the 5th IFIP International Conference on Telecommunications Systems Performance Modelling, Nashville, TN, USA, 1997) proposed the extension of the classical multirate circuit switched loss model in order to model and analyze on the call level ATM systems supporting best effort type service classes, such as the ABR or UBR service classes. After a brief review of the basic modelling concepts, in this paper we are concerned with optimal call admission control, (CAC) of CBR/VBR and ABR/UBR calls in the sense that we want to maximize the revenue on a single ATM link when both QoS guaranteed and best effort service classes are present. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision problem and find that the concept of intelligent blocking is useful in this context. We solve this optimization task by policy iteration to find the blocking states of the link. This modelling framework (in its present form and by extensions) allows one to study the impact of pricing policies on CAC and fairness.
Measuring the thickness of plastic films (1979)

Optical instrument measures thickness of translucent and transparent sheets in thickness range from 2 to 8 microns by monitoring attenuation of light as it passes through sheet.
Nimodipine Improves Outcome when Given after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in Primates (1985)

Twenty-seven pigtailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were subjected to 17 min of complete cerebral ischemia followed by 96 h of intensive care treatment. Fourteen of the monkeys were assigned randomly to the treatment group and received nimodipine 10 micrograms . kg-1 5 min postischemia followed by 1 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 for 10 h. Six monkeys (three treated) failed to meet preestablished protocol criteria and were excluded. The remaining treated and untreated monkeys were well matched for age, sex, and other physiologic variables. Neurologic outcome at 96 h postischemia was significantly better in the nimodipine-treated monkeys than in the controls. Eight of the 11 treated animals had an apparent normal level of consciousness; four of these had no detectable neurologic deficits and a fifth had only a slight motor apraxia. Only two of the 10 untreated animals had an apparent normal level of consciousness, and all had major neurologic deficits. Histopathologic examination showed variable ischemic neuronal change and infarction to involve gray matter in distal arterial perfusion zones. Significant white matter changes were not observed. A histopathologic scoring system yielded a significantly better mean score for the treated group than for the untreated group, and there was significant correlation between neurologic function and histopathologic findings. The authors conclude that nimodipine improves the neurologic outcome when given after an episode of complete cerebral ischemia in primates, and they recommend controlled clinical trials in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest.
Strategies for selecting recombinant CHO cell lines for cGMP manufacturing: Improving the efficiency of cell line generation (2010)

Transfectants with a wide range of cellular phenotypes are obtained during the process of cell line generation. For the successful manufacture of a therapeutic protein, a means is required to identify a cell line with desirable growth and productivity characteristics from this phenotypically wide-ranging transfectant population. This identification process is on the critical path for first-in-human studies. We have stringently examined a typical selection strategy used to isolate cell lines suitable for cGMP manufacturing. One-hundred and seventy-five transfectants were evaluated as they progressed through the different assessment stages of the selection strategy. High producing cell lines, suitable for cGMP manufacturing, were identified. However, our analyses showed that the frequency of isolation of the highest producing cell lines was low and that ranking positions were not consistent between each assessment stage, suggesting that there is potential to improve upon the strategy. Attempts to increase the frequency of isolation of the 10 highest producing cell lines, by in silico analysis of alternative selection strategies, were unsuccessful. We identified alternative strategies with similar predictive capabilities to the typical selection strategy. One alternate strategy required fewer cell lines to be progressed at the assessment stages but the stochastic nature of the models means that cell line numbers are likely to change between programs. In summary, our studies illuminate the potential for improvement to this and future selection strategies, based around use of assessments that are more informative or that reduce variance, paving the way to improved efficiency of generation of manufacturing cell lines.
Torsion Points on Curves and -Adic Abelian Integrals (1985)

THEOREM A. Let f: C --* J be an Albanese morphism defined over a number field K, of a s-mooth curve of genus g into its Jacobian. Suppose J has potential complex multiplication. Let S denote the set of primes p of K satisfying i) p does not divide 2 or 3. ii) K/Q is unramified at P. iii) C has good ordinary reduction over K. Then the set T of torsion points of A defined over an algebraic closure of K which lie on the image of C is defined over an extension of K unramified above S. Moreover #To pg
Bone Research (2019)

Bone Research focuses on basic and clinical aspects of bone biology, pathophysiology and regeneration, and supports the foremost discoveries resulting from basic investigations and clinical research related to bone.
Scanning Cysteine Mutagenesis Analysis of Aβ-(1-40) Amyloid Fibrils (2005)

We describe here the use of cysteine substitution mutants in the Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque peptide Abeta-(1-40) to probe amyloid fibril structure and stabilization. In one approach, amyloid fibrils were grown from Cys mutant peptides under reducing conditions and then challenged with an alkylating agent to probe solvent accessibility of different residues in the fibril. In another approach, monomeric Cys mutants, either in the thiol form or modified with iodoacetic acid or methyl iodide, were grown into amyloid fibrils, and the equilibrium position at the end of the amyloid formation reaction was quantified by determining the concentration of monomeric Abeta. The DeltaG values of fibril elongation obtained were then compared in order to provide information on the environment of each residue side chain in the fibril. In general, Cys residues in the N and C termini of Abeta-(1-40) were not only accessible to alkylation in the fibril state but also, when modified in the monomeric state, did not greatly impact fibril stability; these observations were consistent with previous indications that these portions of the peptide are not part of the amyloid core. In contrast, residues 16-19 and 31-34 were not only uniformly inaccessible to alkylation in the fibril state, but their modification with the negatively charged carboxymethyl group in monomeric Abeta also destabilized fibril elongation, confirming other data showing that these segments are likely packed into a hydrophobic amyloid core. Residues 20, 30, and 35, flanking these implicated beta-sandwich regions, are accessible to alkylation in the fibril indicating a location in solvent exposed structure.
A triblock fluorous surfactant as a specific gelator for perfluorocarbons (2009)

The fluorinated double-tailed triblock surfactant 1-Na represents a new type of gelator for perfluorocarbons which can gelate at low concentration (1.5 wt%) both bromoperfluorooctane and perfluorodecalin, two of the most appealing perfluorinated fluids for pharmaceutical applications.
Copolymerization of ethylene and styrene with supported TiCl<sub>4</sub>/NdCl<sub>3</sub> catalyst (1994)

Abstract The copolymerization of ethylene and styrene was carried out in the presence of TiCl 4 /NdCl 3 /MgCl 2 /AlEt 3 catalyst. The influences of comonomer ratio, concentrations of catalyst and AlEt 3 , solvents, and temperature on the copolymerization were investigated. Copolymerization products containing styrene of 4–85 mol % were obtained with good yield. The results of 13 C‐NMR, IR, X‐ray diffraction, and solvent extraction show that the products are mainly copolymers with various comonomer sequences and exhibit special mechanical properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Petroleum Refinery Hydrogen Production Unit: Exergy and Production Cost Evaluation (2008)

Some specific processes are required to obtain pure hydrogen and the most usual one is natural gas reforming, where natural gas reacts with superheated steam producing H2, CO, CO2 and H2O. This paper presents the exergy and production costs evaluation of a complete hydrogen production unit of a petroleum refinery. The hydrogen production unit analysed in this paper has to supply 550,000 Nm3 of hydrogen per day to purify diesel oil. Based on a synthesis plant of the hydrogen production unit, the exergy efficiency of each component and of the overall plant are calculated. The hydrogen production cost is determined by means of a thermoeconomic analysis in which the equality cost partition method is employed, including capital and operational costs, in order to determine the production cost of hydrogen and other products of the plant.
Identification of the MDM2 Oncoprotein as a Substrate for CPP32-like Apoptotic Proteases (1997)

Programmed cell death is mediated by members of the interleukin 1-beta convertase family of proteases, which are activated in response to diverse cell death stimuli. However, the key substrates of these proteases that are responsible for apoptotic cell death have not been identified. Here we report that the MDM2 oncoprotein is cleaved by members of the CPP32 subfamily of interleukin 1-beta convertase proteases both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in the disappearance of MDM2 from apoptotic cells. Because MDM2 functions as a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor and because p53 induces apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli, this cleavage of MDM2 by CPP32-like proteases may result in deregulation of p53 and contribute directly to the process of apoptotic cell death.
Limitations of scaling switching capacity by interconnecting multiple switches (2006)

Carriers are often faced with the need to scale the switching capacity of a central office site by installing multiple switches at that site. In this paper, we first provide a strong argument that multiple colocated switches should always be interconnected together because of the uncertainty in future traffic requests. However, this results in an inefficient use of a portion of the switching capacity as a number of ports are used to interconnect the switches together (the so-called "interconnect penalty"). We develop and apply a quantitative model that analyzes the interconnection capacity required to achieve certain performance criteria as a function of traffic uncertainty. We also derive bounds on the interconnection capacity required between multiple switches for different interconnection approaches and traffic patterns. The practical implication of this work is the realization of the need to eventually deploy an additional layer of higher-capacity switches of higher switching granularity in the context of optical networks to handle high bandwidth services and relieve the capacity needs of lower granularity switches.
Investigation of Low Rank Coal Gasification in a Two-Stage Downdraft Entrained-Flow Gasifier (2014)

Low-rank coal contains more inherent moisture, high alkali metals (Na, K, Ca), high oxygen content, and low sulfur than high-rank coal. Low-rank coal gasification usually has lower efficiency than high-rank coal, since more energy has been used to drive out the moisture and volatile matters and vaporize them. Nevertheless, Low-rank coal comprises about half of both the current utilization and the reserves in the United States and is the largest energy resource in the United States, so it is worthwhile and important to investigate the low-rank coal gasification process. In this study, the two-stage fuel feeding scheme is investigated in a downdraft, entrained-flow, and refractory-lined reactor. Both a high-rank coal (Illinois No.6 bituminous) and a low-rank coal (South Hallsville Texas Lignite) are used for comparison under the following operating conditions: 1) low-rank coal vs. high-rank coal, 2) one-stage injection vs. two-stage injection, 3) low-rank coal with pre-drying vs. without pre-drying, and 4) dry coal feeding without steam injection vs. with steam injection at the second stage. The results show that 1) With predrying to 12% moisture, syngas produced from lignite has 538 K lower exit temperature and 18% greater Higher Heating Value (HHV) than syngas produced from Illinois #6. 2) The two-stage fuel feeding scheme results in a lower wall temperature (around 100 K) in the lower half of the gasifier than the single-stage injection scheme. 3) Without pre-drying, the high inherent moisture content in the lignite causes the syngas HHV to decrease by 27% and the mole fractions of both H2 and CO to decrease by 33%, while the water vapor content increases by 121% (by volume). The low-rank coal, without pre-drying, will take longer to finish the demoisturization and devolatilization processes, resulting in delayed combustion and gasification processes.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (1998)

The AMES risk criteria remain highly valid predictors of risk. They define most low-risk patients for whom radical treatment may add excess morbidity but not improve already excellent prognoses.
Nucleotide Parasitism by <i>Simkania negevensis</i> ( <i>Chlamydiae</i> ) (2010)

Intracellular bacteria live in an environment rich in most essential metabolites but need special mechanisms to access these substrates. Nucleotide transport proteins (NTTs) catalyze the import of ATP and other nucleotides from the eukaryotic host into the bacterial cell and render de novo synthesis of these compounds dispensable. The draft genome sequence of Simkania negevensis strain Z, a chlamydial organism considered a newly emerging pathogen, revealed four genes encoding putative nucleotide transport proteins (SnNTT1 to SnNTT4), all of which are transcribed during growth of S. negevensis in Acanthamoeba host cells, as confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Using heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, we could show that SnNTT1 functions as an ATP/ADP antiporter, SnNTT2 as a guanine nucleotide/ATP/H(+) symporter driven by the membrane potential, and SnNTT3 as a nucleotide triphosphate antiporter. In addition, SnNTT3 is able to transport dCTP, which has not been shown for a prokaryotic transport protein before. No substrate could be identified for SnNTT4. Taking these data together, S. negevensis employs a set of nucleotide transport proteins to efficiently tap its host's energy and nucleotide pools. Although similar to other chlamydiae, these transporters show distinct and unique adaptations with respect to substrate specificities and mode of transport.
Methane Hydrate Intrinsic Dissociation Kinetics Measured in a Microfluidic System by Means of in Situ Raman Spectroscopy (2018)

The present work investigates the dissociation kinetics of methane (sI) hydrate in a thermoelectrically cooled microfluidic system with in situ Raman spectroscopy. The dissociation profile of methane (sI) hydrate was measured under different Reynolds numbers (0.42–4.16), pressures (60.2 to 80.1 bar), and temperature driving force ([Teq – 0.1 K] to [Teq + 0.3 K]). A theoretical model was derived from first-principles to describe the contributions of heat transfer and intrinsic kinetics on the dissociation rate of methane hydrate. It was observed that the dimensionless ratio of heat transfer to the intrinsic dissociation rate depended on the initial thickness of methane hydrate, temperature driving force, pressure, and the time. Intrinsic kinetics dominated where the initial thickness of methane hydrate was in the range of 10 μm and the temperature driving force was low. Increasing initial thickness of methane hydrate resulted in a switch to a heat-transfer-limited dissociation. Our results support that the “memory effect” previously reported is the result of dissociation limited by intrinsic kinetics. Furthermore, this work introduces a new laboratory method of unusually sensitive microscale control of the dissociation conditions, while generating molecular-level insight. Our findings support that microfluidics with in situ Raman spectroscopy are excellent laboratory tools to understand methane hydrate dissociation with potentially much broader utility to the field. Methane hydrates play an important role in energy production and storage and the atmospheric and oceanic sciences.
High reliability, high-yield, high modulation bandwidth, low threshold current 1.55 μm MQW laser by new in-situ etching technique (2002)

For the first time to our knowledge, an InP based Fabry-Perot MQW semiconductor laser is obtained by using an in-situ etching technique. Good static and dynamic laser characteristics together with high process yield and reliability confirm the validity of this new technological process.
Neural networks and inversion of seismic data (1994)

Neural networks can be viewed as applications that map one space, the input space, into some output space. In order to simulate the desired mapping the network has to go through a learning process consisting of an iterative change of the internal parameters, through the presentation of many input patterns and their corresponding output patterns. The training process is accomplished if the error between the computed output and the desired output pattern is minimal for all examples in the training set. The network will then simulate the desired mapping on the restricted domain of the training examples. We describe an experiment where a neural network is designed to accept a synthetic common shot gather (i.e., a set of seismograms obtained from a single source), as its input pattern and to compute the corresponding one‐dimensional large‐scale velocity model as its output. The subsurface models are built up of eight layers with constant layer thickness over a homogeneous half‐space, 450 examples are used to train the network. After the training process the network never computes a subsurface model which perfectly fits the desired one, but the approximation of the network is sufficient to take this model as starting model for further seismic imaging algorithms. The trained network computes satisfactory velocity profiles for 80% of the new seismic gathers not included in the training set. Although the network gives results that are stable when the input is contaminated with white noise, the network is not robust against strong, i.e., correlated, noise. This application proves that neural networks are able to solve nontrivial inverse problems.
Discovery of Frequent Episodes in Event Logs (2015)

Lion’s share of process mining research focuses on the discovery of end-to-end process models describing the characteristic behavior of observed cases. The notion of a process instance (i.e., the case) plays an important role in process mining. Pattern mining techniques (such as traditional episode mining, i.e., mining collections of partially ordered events) do not consider process instances. In this paper, we present a new technique (and corresponding implementation) that discovers frequently occurring episodes in event logs, thereby exploiting the fact that events are associated with cases. Hence, the work can be positioned in-between process mining and pattern mining. Episode Discovery has its applications in, amongst others, discovering local patterns in complex processes and conformance checking based on partial orders. We also discover episode rules to predict behavior and discover correlated behaviors in processes, and apply our technique to other perspectives present in event logs. We have developed a ProM plug-in that exploits efficient algorithms for the discovery of frequent episodes and episode rules. Experimental results based on real-life event logs demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the approach.
Treatment of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis with Ketoconazole (1980)

Twelve patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were assigned by random allocation to a 6-month course of treatment with ketoconazole or placebo in a double-blind trial. All six recipients of ketoconazole had remission of symptoms and virtually complete regression of mucosal, skin, and nail lesions, whereas only two of the six receiving placebo had even temporary mucosal clearing, and none had improvement of skin or nail disease. The clinical outcome in the ketoconazole-treated group was significantly more favorable (p = 0.001) than in the placebo-treated group. The six patients receiving placebo in the controlled trial were then treated with ketoconazole in an open trial, and all responded favorably. Hepatitis, probably drug induced, developed in one patient after 6 months of treatment but proved to be mild and reversible. Oral ketoconazole is an effective treatment for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile: A key intermediate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (2008)

An alternative and practical synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile was achieved. Reaction of L-proline with chloroacetyl chloride was followed by conversion of the carboxylic acid moiety of the resulting N-acylated product into the carbonitrile via the corresponding amide intermediate. The synthesized pyrrolidine derivative was utilized to prepare DPP-IV inhibitor Vildagliptin.
CO2 Foam Field Verification Pilot Test at EVGSAU: Phase IIIA— Surfactant Performance Characterization and Quality Assurance (1994)

Abstract This paper is a summary of both new and previous laboratory work done in support of the CO2-foam application in a pilot area of the East Vacuum Grayburg-San Andres Unit (EVGSAU) of southeastern New Mexico. This pilot test was a cooperative effort between the EVGSAU owners, New Mexico PRRC, and the Department of Energy. Different laboratory techniques used for the evaluation of CO2-foam mobility and surfactant adsorption on reservoir rocks are first discussed briefly. Recent results, that concentrate on work with the surfactant selected for use in this field pilot, are then presented. These results display CO2-foam mobility in EVGSAU core samples over wide ranges of surfactant concentration and core permeability. The results generally show a drastically decreased dependence on surfactant concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and a slightly favorable, but not prominent, dependence of mobility on rock permeability. A further rock sample characteristic pertaining to the initial conditions of the core-from "preserved" through various states of cleaning is also discussed. Additional discussion is given on surfactant adsorption, including results of measurements on Baker Dolomite as well as EVGSAU cores. Using refractometric analysis with the recirculation method, the adsorption results were found to be affected by the water salinity and core conditions. Quality control data for the bulk surfactant and injected solutions, and analyses of the produced brine for tracers and surfactant breakthrough are presented. Foam breakers and emulsion breakers were also evaluated for contingency use in case of the appearance of foam or emulsion in production facilities.