gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Practical Dynamic Frequency Scaling Scheduling Algorithm for General Purpose Embedded Operating System (2008)

Dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) techniques for real-time embedded systems have been widely studied. However, most of the scheduling algorithms so far concern only special purpose real-time systems. In this paper we devise a power-aware parameter task model for time-sharing real-time systems of general purpose, as well as a scheduling algorithm that is based on the task model. We implement the model and corresponding algorithm on embedded Linux. With the energy consumption measurement method presented in this paper, the experiment shows that for real-time tasks in Linux, 31.7% power consumption can be saved compared with the circumstance under which the processor runs at highest frequency.
Production and Characterization of an Anti-Chicken Transferrin. (1994)

Several lines of recent evidence have suggested that transferrin plays a significant role in tissue interaction or morphogenesis at early stages of embryo development. In the present study, an anti-chicken transferrin antibody was produced and its basic characteristics were clarified as a basis for use in further studies. An antiserum termed Toraji 3 was raised against chicken transferrin and purified into IgG and ligand-affinity-purified fractions. These three preparations of the antibody gave an intense immunohistochemical signal in visceral yolk sac and developing liver, both of which are known to be major producers of transferrin in early development. In immunoblot analysis, these three preparations detected 70-kDa transferrin, whereas the ligand-affinity-purified preparation showed higher specificity. It was also demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting that Toraji 3 antibody bound preferentially to chicken transferrin and showed a negligible binding to human transferrin.
Application of Three-Dimensional ZnO Inverse Photonic Crystal in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Because of the features of photonic localization in photonic bandgap(PBG), the photonic crystals can be coupled to DSSC to increase the conversion efficiency. In this paper, through exploring the preparation of large inverse opal structure of ZnO, we attempt to apply the photonic crystals to the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) to improve its efficiency. The colloidal crystal template is prepared by self-assembled on FTO substrates, and three-dimensional ZnO inverse opal is synthesized via an electrochemical deposition method in zinc nitrate solution. Then we study the inflations of its surface morphology and photonic bandgap on the solar cell’s photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Estimation of tissue resistivities from multiple-electrode impedance measurements (1994)

In order to measure in vivo resistivity of tissues in the thorax, the possibility of combining anatomical data extracted from high-resolution images with multiple-electrode impedance measurements, a priori knowledge of the range of tissue resistivities, and a priori data on the instrumentation noise is assessed in this study. A statistically constrained minimum-mean-square error estimator (MIMSEE) that minimizes the effects of linearization errors and instrumentation noise is developed and compared to the conventional least-squares error estimator (LSEE). The MIMSEE requires a priori signal and noise information. The statistical constraint signal information was obtained from a priori knowledge of the physiologically allowed range of regional resistivities. The noise constraint information was obtained from a priori knowledge of the linearization error and the instrumentation noise. The torso potentials were simulated by employing a three-dimensional canine torso model. The model consists of four different conductivity regions: heart, right lung, left lung, and body. It is demonstrated that the statistically constrained MIMSEE performs significantly better than the LSEE in determining resistivities. The results based on the torso model indicate that regional resistivities can be estimated to within 40% accuracy of their true values by utilizing a statistically constrained MIMSEE, even if the instrumentation noise is comparable to the measured torso potentials. The errors obtained using the LSEE with the same linearized transfer function and level of instrumentation noise were about five times larger than those obtained using the MIMSEE. For larger measurement errors the MIMSEE performs even better when compared to the LSEE.
Customer Behavior in an Online Ordering Application: A Decision Scoring Model* (2005)

ABSTRACT This research presents the development of behavioral scoring models to predict future customer purchases in an online ordering application. Internet retailing lowers many barriers for customers switching between retailers for repeat purchases; thus, retaining existing customers is a key challenge for achieving profitability. Survey data were collected from 1,089 online customers of two companies. The subjective survey data were then used to predict purchases over the ensuing 12 months based on data from the company databases. The analysis illustrates the general applicability of predictive models of future customer purchases while also demonstrating the need to develop specific models tailored for an individual company's operating and marketing environment. The models provide insight on how companies can target marketing dollars more effectively and allocate investment across multiple operational areas for maximum return. The research answers a call for rigorous research in the area of predictive marketing, an area in which many companies are excelling but where there is a scarcity of detailed knowledge regarding application of such models.
Embedded fall detection with a neural network and bio-inspired stereo vision (2012)

In this paper, we present a bio-inspired, purely passive, and embedded fall detection system for its application towards safety for elderly at home. Bio-inspired means the use of two optical detector chips with event-driven pixels that are sensitive to relative light intensity changes only. The two chips are used as stereo configuration which enables a 3D representation of the observed area with a stereo matching technique. In contrast to conventional digital cameras, this image sensor delivers asynchronous events instead of synchronous intensity or color images, thus, the privacy issue is systematically solved. Another advantage is that stationary installed fall detection systems have a better acceptance for independent living compared to permanently worn devices. The fall detection is done by a trained neural network. First, a meaningful feature vector is calculated from the point clouds, then the neural network classifies the actual event as fall or non-fall. All processing is done on an embedded device consisting of an FPGA for stereo matching and a DSP for neural network calculation achieving several fall evaluations per second. The results evaluation showed that our fall detection system achieves a fall detection rate of more than 96% with false positives below 5% for our prerecorded dataset consisting of 679 fall scenarios.
Specific cleavage of human type III and IV collagens by Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (1986)

Purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase cleaved human type III and IV collagens with the formation of specific cleavage products. Furthermore, type I collagen appeared to be slowly cleaved by both P. aeruginosa elastase and alkaline protease. These cleavage fragments from type III and IV collagens were separated from the intact collagen chains by SDS polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis run under reducing conditions, and they were detected by their characteristic Coomassie blue staining pattern. The results of these studies suggest that the pathogenesis of tissue invasion and hemorrhagic tissue necrosis observed in P. aeruginosa infections may be related to the degradation of these collagen types by bacterial extracellular proteases.
Dual roles of p82, the clam CPEB homolog, in cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translational masking (1999)

In the transcriptionally inert maturing oocyte and early embryo, control of gene expression is largely mediated by regulated changes in translational activity of maternal mRNAs. Some mRNAs are activated in response to poly(A) tail lengthening; in other cases activation results from de-repression of the inactive or masked mRNA. The 3′ UTR cis-acting elements that direct these changes are defined, principally in Xenopus and mouse, and the study of their trans-acting binding factors is just beginning to shed light on the mechanism and regulation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translational masking. In the marine invertebrate, Spisula solidissima, the timing of activation of three abundant mRNAs (encoding cyclin A and B and the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, RR) in fertilized oocytes correlates with their cytoplasmic polyadenylation. However, in vitro, mRNA-specific unmasking occurs in the absence of polyadenylation. In Walker et al. (in this issue) we showed that p82, a protein defined as selectively binding the 3′ UTR masking elements, is a homolog of Xenopus CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein). In functional studies reported here, the elements that support polyadenylation in clam egg lysates include multiple U-rich CPE-like motifs as well as the nuclear polyadenylation signal AAUAAA. This represents the first detailed analysis of invertebrate cis-acting cytoplasmic polyadenylation signals. Polyadenylation activity correlates with p82 binding in wild-type and CPE-mutant RR 3′ UTR RNAs. Moreover, since anti-p82 antibodies specifically neutralize polyadenylation in egg lysates, we conclude that clam p82 is a functional homolog of Xenopus CPEB, and plays a positive role in polyadenylation. Anti-p82 antibodies also result in specific translational activation of masked mRNAs in oocyte lysates, lending support to our original model of clam p82 as a translational repressor. We propose therefore that clam p82/CPEB has dual functions in masking and cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
Principles and hazards of electrosurgery including laparoscopy. (1978)

The understanding of the basic principles governing current flow through the body is necessary for the safe application of electrosurgical technique. They also may provide a guide to the design of laboratory studies which are needed to understand completely the ubiquitous nature of radiofrequency current distribution in surgical procedures.
Ground vehicle control at NIST: From teleoperation to autonomy (1993)

NIST is applying their Real-time Control System (RCS) methodology for control of ground vehicles for both the U.S. Army Research Lab, as part of the DOD&apos;s Unmanned Ground Vehicles program, and for the Department of Transportation&apos;s Intelligent Vehicle / Highway Systems (IVHS) program. The actuated vehicle, a military HMMWV, has motors for steering, brake, throttle, etc. and sensors for the dashboard gauges. For military operations, the vehicle has two modes of operation: a teleoperation mode- where an operator remotely controls the vehicle over an RF communications network; and a semi-autonomous mode called retro-traverse- where the control system uses an inertial navigation system to steer the vehicle along a prerecorded path. For the IVHS work, intelligent vision processing elements replace the human teleoperator to achieve autonomous, visually guided road following.
Meiotic drive and sex determination: molecular and cytological mechanisms of sex ratio adjustment in birds (2007)

Differences in relative fitness of male and female offspring across ecological and social environments should favour the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms that enable adjustment of brood sex ratio to the context of breeding. Despite the expectation that genetic sex determination should not produce consistent bias in primary sex ratios, extensive and adaptive modifications of offspring sex ratio in relation to social and physiological conditions during reproduction are often documented. Such discordance emphasizes the need for empirical investigation of the proximate mechanisms for modifying primary sex ratios, and suggests epigenetic effects on sex-determining mechanisms as the most likely candidates. Birds, in particular, are thought to have an unusually direct opportunity to modify offspring sex ratio because avian females are heterogametic and because the sex-determining division in avian meiosis occurs prior to ovulation and fertilization. However, despite evidence of strong epigenetic effects on sex determination in pre-ovulatory avian oocytes, the mechanisms behind such effects remain elusive. Our review of molecular and cytological mechanisms of avian meiosis uncovers a multitude of potential targets for selection on biased segregation of sex chromosomes, which may reflect the diversity of mechanisms and levels on which such selection operates in birds. Our findings indicate that pronounced differences between sex chromosomes in size, shape, size of protein bodies, alignment at the meiotic plate, microtubule attachment and epigenetic markings should commonly produce biased segregation of sex chromosomes as the default state, with secondary evolution of compensatory mechanisms necessary to maintain unbiased meiosis. We suggest that it is the epigenetic effects that modify such compensatory mechanisms that enable context-dependent and precise adjustment of primary sex ratio in birds. Furthermore, we highlight the features of avian meiosis that can be influenced by maternal hormones in response to environmental stimuli and may account for the precise and adaptive patterns of offspring sex ratio adjustment observed in some species.
Model and Sensor‐Based Recommendation Approaches for In‐Season Nitrogen Management in Corn (2015)

Nitrogen management for corn ( Zea mays L.) may be improved by applying a portion of N in‐season. This investigation was conducted to evaluate crop modeling (Maize‐N) and active crop canopy sensing approaches for recommending in‐season N fertilizer rates. These approaches were evaluated during 2012–2013 on 11 field sites, in Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Nitrogen management also included a no‐N treatment (check) and a non‐limiting N reference (all at planting). Nitrogen management treatments were assessed for two hybrids and at low and high seeding rates, arranged in a randomized complete block design. In 9 of 11 site‐years, the sensor‐based approach recommended lower in‐season N rates than the model (collectively 59% less N), resulting in trends of higher partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP N ) and higher agronomic efficiency (AE) than the model. However, yield was better protected by the model‐based approach. In some situations, canopy sensing excelled at optimizing the N rate for localized conditions. With abnormally warm and moist soil conditions for the 2012 Nebraska sites and presumed high levels of inorganic N from mineralization, N application was appropriately reduced, resulting in no yield decrease and N savings compared to the non‐limiting N reference. Depending on the site, both recommendation approaches were successful; a combination of model and sensor information may optimize in‐season decision support for N recommendation.
Structural flexibility and functional versatility of mammalian P450 enzymes (1996)

P450 enzymes have evolved into a large superfamily that displays great diversity in substrate and product specificities by fixing the natural amino acid substitutions with high frequency. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to correlate the substitutions with the diverse specificities in various P450s. As a result, the common residues that determine the specificities of various mammalian P450s have been identified and aligned to the corresponding residues in the substrate-heme pocket of the 3-dimensional structures of bacterial P450s. The substrate-heme pocket appears to be structurally variable so that only a minor substitution (Ala -> -> Val, for example) at the critical positions is enough to define the altered specificity. Thus, the structural variability of the P450s provides the inherent versatility in acquiring a novel activity. Recent mutational studies indicate that the side chain size is the major determining factor of specificity, outweighing other factors such as polarity. Further understanding of the paradoxical characteristics observed may provide us with the underlying principles that determine P450 activities, and may lead to the ability to predict P450 activities based on the types of key amino acid residues.
Centrilobular emphysema: CT-pathologic correlation. (1986)

Over a 5-year period, 25 patients who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT) died and were autopsied. Their lungs were fixed in the inflated state and were assessed for the presence and severity of centrilobular emphysema (CLE). Three radiologists independently evaluated the CT scans for nonperipheral low-attenuation areas, peripheral low-attenuation areas, pulmonary vascular pruning, pulmonary vascular distortion, and pulmonary density gradient. The CT criterion that best correlated with the presence and severity of CLE was the nonperipheral low-attenuation area. With this CT criterion, lung destruction was correctly identified in 13 of 15 cases. The absence of this criterion resulted in correct identification of eight of ten normal lungs. These preliminary data suggest that CLE can be reliably identified and quantified with current CT scanners.
Engineering a Replication-Competent, Propagation-Defective Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as a Vaccine Candidate (2013)

Since the emergence of MERS-CoV in the Arabian Peninsula during the summer of 2012, it has already spread to 10 different countries, infecting around 94 persons and showing a mortality rate higher than 50%. This article describes the development of the first reverse genetics system for MERS-CoV, based on the construction of an infectious cDNA clone inserted into a bacterial artificial chromosome. Using this system, a collection of rMERS-CoV deletion mutants has been generated. Interestingly, one of the mutants with the E gene deleted was a replication-competent, propagation-defective virus that could only be grown in the laboratory by providing E protein in trans, whereas it would only survive a single virus infection cycle in vivo. This virus constitutes a vaccine candidate that may represent a balance between safety and efficacy for the induction of mucosal immunity, which is needed to prevent MERS-CoV infection.
Synthesis of [3(R)‐amino‐2(S)‐sulfhydryl‐5‐sulfonate]‐pentanoyl‐(S)‐3‐[<sup>125</sup>I]‐iodotyrosyl‐(S)‐aspartic acid: a radiolabelled inhibitor of aminopeptidase A (2001)

Abstract In order to investigate the localization of aminopeptidase A in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, we have synthesized the first radiolabelled inhibitor of this enzyme. This molecule, [3(R)‐amino‐2(S)‐sulfhydryl‐5‐sulfonate]‐pentanoyl‐(S)‐3‐[ 125 I]‐iodotyrosyl‐(S)‐aspartic acid, exhibited a Ki value of 4.8 nM for aminopeptidase A. A high purity was obtained with a specific activity of about 2,000 Ci/mmol at the end of the synthesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE EVALUATION OF SLOW INJECTION DYNAMIC CT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PANCREAS CANCER (1987)

Slow-injection dynamic CT scanning (SI-CT) was performed on 34 patients who had pancreas cancer and were operated. We evaluated SI-CT for diagnosing pancreas cancer. In SI-CT imaging, the main tumor is hypodense compared with adjacent normal pancreatic tissue. The detectability of main tumors was 94% by SI-CT but 76% by plain CT. The criteria of the vascular invasion by SI-CT were classified in four types. By these criteria, the diagnostic accuracy of vascular invasion was 100% in the superior mesenteric artery and 100% in the portal vein. On the other hand, the angiographic diagnostic accuracy of vascular invasion was 88% in the superior mesenteric artery and 91% in the portal vein. SI-CT was very effective not only for the detection of the main tumor but also for the diagnosis of vascular invasion.
Chromosomal localization and expression pattern of the RNase L inhibitor gene (1996)

2-5A-Dependent RNase (RNase L), an important component of the 2-5A pathway, is directly implicated in the molecular mechanism of interferon action. We have cloned and sequenced following immunoscreening, a full-length cDNA that encodes the RNase L inhibitor (RLI). Northern blot analysis from a variety of human tissues revealed that two transcript forms (3.8 kb and 2.4 kb) are ubiquitously expressed but differences in levels of expression suggest a tissue-specific regulation. The RLI gene was localized to locus 4q31 by in situ hybridization indicating that this gene and other enzymes of the 2-5A pathway are not organized in cluster in the human genome.
Improving the management of IDS alerts (2014)

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) play very crucial role in minimizing the damage caused by different computer attacks. In fact, most IDSs are capable of detecting many attacks, but often appear problematic because of triggering huge number of non-interesting alerts which diminish the value and urgency of interesting alerts. The analysts who review the alerts rarely look at the voluminous alerts until a sign is reported by other security means because it is laborious and challenging task to identify the interesting alerts. This has led to the emergence of many approaches to manage the overwhelming number of alerts. The existing approaches suffer from several limitations. This paper conducts a comprehensive study and evaluation of the key approaches that aim to manage the huge number of alerts in order to identify some research gaps that will objectively motivate researchers to come up with better approaches. At the end of the review, this paper suggests a strategy that can be exploited in order to improve the quality of final alerts.
Boron nitride nanoresonators for phonon-enhanced molecular vibrational spectroscopy at the strong coupling limit (2018)

Enhanced light-matter interactions are the basis of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy, and con- ventionally rely on plasmonic materials and their capability to focus light to nanoscale spot sizes. Phonon polariton nanor- esonators made of polar crystals could represent an interesting alternative, since they exhibit large quality factors, which go far beyond those of their plasmonic counterparts. The recent emergence of van der Waals crystals enables the fabrication of high- quality nanophotonic resonators based on phonon polaritons, as reported for the prototypical infrared-phononic material hex- agonal boron nitride (h-BN). In this work we use, for the fi rst time, phonon-polariton-resonant h-BN ribbons for SEIRA spectro- scopy of small amounts of organic molecules in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Strikingly, the interaction between phonon polaritons and molecular vibrations reaches experimentally the onset of the strong coupling regime, while numerical simulations predict that vibrational strong coupling can be fully achieved. Phonon polariton nanoresonators thus could become a viable platform for sensing, local control of chemical reactivity and infrared quantum cavity optics experiments.