gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Constitutes a Large and Diverse Family of Proteins Involved in Development and Abiotic Stress Responses in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) (2015)

Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are an ubiquitous group of polypeptides that were first described to accumulate during plant seed dehydration, at the later stages of embryogenesis. Since then they have also been recorded in vegetative plant tissues experiencing water limitation and in anhydrobiotic bacteria and invertebrates and, thereby, correlated with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive study about the LEA gene family in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.), the most important and widely grown fruit crop around the world. A surprisingly high number (72) of genes encoding C. sinensis LEAs (CsLEAs) were identified and classified into seven groups (LEA_1, LEA_2, LEA_3 and LEA_4, LEA_5, DEHYDRIN and SMP) based on their predicted amino acid sequences and also on their phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of Arabidopsis thaliana LEA proteins (AtLEAs). Approximately 60% of the CsLEAs identified in this study belongs to the unusual LEA_2 group of more hydrophobic LEA proteins, while the other LEA groups contained a relatively small number of members typically hydrophilic. A correlation between gene structure and motif composition was observed within each LEA group. Investigation of their chromosomal localizations revealed that the CsLEAs were non-randomly distributed across all nine chromosomes and that 33% of all CsLEAs are segmentally or tandemly duplicated genes. Analysis of the upstream sequences required for transcription revealed the presence of various stress-responsive cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions of CsLEAs, including ABRE, DRE/CRT, MYBS and LTRE. Expression analysis using both RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) revealed that the CsLEA genes are widely expressed in various tissues, and that many genes containing the ABRE promoter sequence are induced by drought, salt and PEG. These results provide a useful reference for further exploration of the CsLEAs functions and applications on crop improvement.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Bis(8-quinolyl)glutaramide as a Highly Selective and Effective Cu(II) Carrier for the Uphill Transport through Liquid Membranes (1990)

Abstract N,N′-Bis(8-quinolyl)glutaramide was found to be an excellent Cu(II) carrier through chloroform liquid membrane. It can selectively and efficiently transport only Cu(II) from aqueous solution containing Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II).
Structural Identification of Organic Compounds with Spectroscopic Techniques (2005)

Foreword.Preface.1 Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.1.1 Basic Principle of NMR.1.2 Chemical Shift.1.3 Spin-spin Coupling.1.4 Magnetization.1.5 Relaxation Process.1.6 Pulse-Fourier Transform NMR Spectrometer.1.7 Recent Developments in NMR Spectroscopy.1.8 References.2 1H NMR Spectroscopy.2.1 Chemical Shift.2.2 Coupling Constant J.2.3 Spin-spin Coupling System and Classification of NMR Spectra.2.4 Common Second-order Spectra.2.5 Spectra of Common Functional Groups.2.6 Methods for Assisting the Spectrum Analysis.2.7 Double Resonance.2.8 Dynamic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.2.9 Interpreting 1H NMR Spectra.2.10 References.3 13C NMR Spectroscopy.3.1 Introduction.3.2 Chemical Shift.3.3 Coupling and Decoupling Methods in 13C Spectra.3.4 Relaxation.3.5 Interpretation of 13C NMR Spectra.3.6 References.4 Application of Pulse Sequences and Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy.4.1 Fundamentals.4.2 Spectrum Editing.4.3 Introduction to 2D NMR.4.4 J Resolved Spectra.4.5 Heteronuclear Shift Correlation Spectroscopy.4.6 Homonuclear Shift Correlation Spectroscopy.4.7 NOESY and its Variations.4.8 Relayed Correlation Spectra and Total Correlation Spectra.4.9 Multiple Quantum 2D NMR Spectra.4.10 1H Detected Heteronuclear Correlation Spectra.4.11 Combined 2D NMR Spectra.4.12 Three-dimensional NMR Spectra.4.13 DOSY.4.14 References.5 Organic Mass Spectrometry.5.1 Fundamentals of Organic Mass Spectrometry.5.2 Mass Analyzers.5.3 Ionization.5.4 Metastable Ions and their Measurement.5.5 Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MSn).5.6 Combination of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.5.7 References.6 Interpretation of Mass Spectra.6.1 Determination of Molecular Weight and Elemental Composition.6.2 Reactions and their Mechanisms in Organic Mass Spectrometry.6.3 Mass Spectrum Patterns of Common Functional Groups.6.4 Interpretation of Mass Spectra.6.5 Library Retrieval of Mass Spectra.6.6 Interpretation of the Mass Spectra from Soft Ionization.6.7 References.7 Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy.7.1 General Information on Infrared Spectroscopy.7.2 Basic Theory of IR Spectroscopy.7.3 Characteristic Frequencies of Functional Groups.7.4 Interpretation of IR Spectra.7.5 Recent Developments in Infrared Spectroscopy.7.6 Principle and Application of Raman Spectroscopy.7.7 References.8 Identification of an Unknown Compound through a Combination of Spectra.8.1 Structural Identification of an Unknown Compound by Combination of One-dimensional NMR and Other Spectra.8.2 Determination of the Functional Groups (or Structural Units) of an Unknown Compound.8.3 Deduction of the Structure of an Organic Compound on the Basis of 2D NMR Spectra.8.4 Examples of Structural Identification or Assignment.8.5 References.9 Determination of Configuration and Conformation of Organic Compounds by Spectroscopic Methods.9.1 NMR.9.2 Mass Spectrometry.9.3 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.9.4 References.Appendix 1: Product Operator Formalism for Pulse Sequences.Appendix 2: Characteristic Frequencies of Common Functional Groups.Index.
Computer backup pools, disaster recovery, and default risk (1988)

There is a growing popularity of computer backup pools, where a few members share the ownership, or right for service, of a computer center. Such a center stands by to provide for the lost computing capacity of a member suffering a computer breakdown and disaster recovery. The efficiency of such a solution may be examined from various points of view, such as costs, response time, reliability etc. We focus on the reliability of such an arrangement. Two types of default risks are discussed: the probability that the center itself will break down when needed, so that it would be unable to provide service (this is similar to the traditional measure of a "probability of ruin") and a "perceived probability of ruin" (the probability that a member will be affected by the failure of the center). We borrow the concepts of probability of ruin from the risk management and insurance literature, in order to reach explicit relationships between these probabilities and the pricing of a mutual computer pool. It is shown that the membership fee for each participant must be a function of both the payments of all members and their loss (call for service) distributions, reflecting thereby the simultaneity of and mutual interdependence of members.
Shear stress, tip cells and regulators of endothelial migration (2011)

We have in recent years described several endothelial-specific genes that mediate cell migration. These include Robo4 (roundabout 4), CLEC14A (C-type lectin 14A) and ECSCR (endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator) [formerly known as ECSM2 (endothelial cell-specific molecule 2)]. Loss of laminar shear stress induces Robo4 and CLEC14A expression and an endothelial 'tip cell' phenotype. Low shear stress is found not only at sites of vascular occlusion such as thrombosis and embolism, but also in the poorly structured vessels that populate solid tumours. The latter probably accounts for strong expression of Robo4 and CLEC14A on tumour vessels. The function of Robo4 has, in the past, aroused controversy. However, the recent identification of Unc5B as a Robo4 ligand has increased our understanding and we hypothesize that Robo4 function is context-dependent. ECSCR is another endothelial-specific protein that promotes filopodia formation and migration, but, in this case, expression is independent of shear stress. We discuss recent papers describing ECSCR, including intracellular signalling pathways, and briefly contrast these with signalling by Robo4.
AN ON-SITE DEMILITARIZATION CONTAINER FOR UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE (1996)

Abstract : The Huntsville Engineering and Support Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, is the Corps' Mandatory Center of Expertise for Ordnance and Explosive Waste. The Huntsville Center is actively involved in the removal of unexploded weapons from active military installations, installations slated for closure, and formerly used defense sites. At many of these sites, ordnance has been discovered very close to schools, homes, and other inhabited and privately owned facilities. The removal of ordnance presents some hazards from the effects of an explosion, including blast overpressures and fragment projectiles. Both people and their property must be protected from these effects. Currently, all munitions must be buried before on-site detonation, or transported to a remote site for demolition. Huntsville Center has developed a containment structure for use in on-site demolition of unexploded ordnance. This structure is designed to contain the effects of the explosion and limit evacuation to a very small work area. The container uses innovative materials for the containment of fragments and reduction of overpressures. The container will permit onsite detonation of ordnance much more safely and efficiently. This paper presents the work involved in developing, fabricating, and proof testing the onsite demolition container. Analysis and design techniques are presented. Testing of innovative blast and fragment mitigating materials, and concept proof testing of the container, are discussed. The details of the final containment structure and limitations for its use are presented. A more detailed discussion of the development test program will be presented in a second paper immediately following this presentation.
Prehospital Intranasal Midazolam for the Treatment of Pediatric Seizures (2007)

The IN-MAD midazolam controlled seizures better than PR diazepam in the prehospital setting and resulted in fewer respiratory complications and fewer admissions.
Identification and characterization of a fibronectin-binding protein from Clostridium difficile (2003)

A 68 kDa fibronectin-binding protein (Fbp68) from Clostridium difficile displaying significant homology to several established or putative Fbps from other bacteria was identified. The one-copy gene is highly conserved in C. difficile isolates. Fbp68 was expressed in Escherichia coli in fusion with glutathione S-transferase; the fusion protein and the native Fbp68 were purified. Immunoblot analysis and cell fractionation experiments revealed that Fbp68 is present on the surface of the bacteria. Far-immuno dot-blotting demonstrated that Fbp68 was capable of fixing fibronectin. Indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA were employed to demonstrate that C. difficile could bind both soluble and immobilized fibronectin. With competitive adherence inhibition assays it was shown that antibodies raised against Fbp68 partially inhibited attachment of C. difficile to fibronectin and Vero cells. Furthermore, Vero cells could fix purified membrane-immobilized Fbp68. Thus Fbp68 appears to be one of the several adhesins identified to date in C. difficile.
Vehicle routing problem for information collection in wireless network (2018)

En esta tesis damos un primer acercamiento al problema de construir rutas de vehiculo para optimizar el recojo de informacion generada en las estaciones, via fisica y wireless. Construimos un primer modelo matematico MIP y se propone tres posibles funciones objetivos, las cuales seran comparadas. Para este primer modelo asumimos que no es posible enviar la informacion por partes, es decir, se envia toda la informacion o no se envia nada, ademas veremos que este modelo solo puede resolver de forma exacta hasta un maximo de 10 estaciones y con un tiempo T = 30, lo cual sugiere encontrar mejores modelos.
En este trabajo construimos tambien otros tres modelos matematicos, modelo discreto, modelo visitas, modelo evento, todos ellos permiten enviar una parte de la informacion acumulada en una estacion cercana hacia el vehiculo, estos modelos seran comparados de acuerdo con su velocidad, en estos modelos podemos exhibir algunas instancias de 20 estaciones y un tiempo de T igual a 72 y otra de 8 estaciones y un tiempo de 240.
Debido a que en los problemas reales el numero de estaciones es mayor necesitamos de metodos no exactos llamado heuristicas, las cuales nos permite obtener soluciones cercanas a la exacta, en este trabajo daremos algunas heuristicas como heuristica greedy, heuristica de insercion, heuristica fix and relax, heuristica de intercambio, y por ultimo haremos comparaciones entre ellas de acuerdo a la velocidad y a la calidad de la solucion.
Diagnosis of Air Pollution by Microwave Spectroscopy (1972)

Abstract A review is made of the current state-of-the-art of microwave spectroscopy, and of the feasibility of using this technique in the detection of gaseous pollutants in air. The possibility of applying ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectroscopic methods to the microwave region is investigated. This is a relatively new application of microwave spectroscopy; only one work was done in the area before 1966, and no results from it were published. Present experimental work, being done by the authors, is explained. This is divided into two phases. First, basic measurements are being made to determine the limits of pressure over which small concentrations of pollutants may be measured in air. Second, methods are being investigated for adapting the techniques of microwave spectroscopy to the detection of gaseous pollutants. Specifically, it is desired to develop an instrument which will quantitatively detect pollutants at atmospheric pressures. This instrument may be incorporated in a system for air pollution monitoring over large expanses from remote stations, or stack monitoring.
Cooperation of <i>Pax2</i> and <i>Pax5</i> in midbrain and cerebellum development (1997)

Midbrain and cerebellum development depends on an organizing center that is located at the midbrain-hindbrain junction of the vertebrate embryo. Expression of the two closely related transcription factors Pax2 and Pax5 overlaps spatially and temporally in this region of the developing central nervous system. To study a possible interaction of these transcription factors in midbrain and cerebellum patterning, we have generated Pax5, Krd double mutant mice. The transgene-induced Krd mutation corresponds to an approximately 7-centimorgan chromosome 19 deletion that eliminates the entire Pax2 locus. The heterozygous Krd mutation deleting one Pax2 allele had no effect on midbrain and cerebellum development. Moreover, only minor developmental defects were previously observed at the midline of the inferior colliculus and anterior cerebellum in mice that were homozygous for a targeted Pax5 mutation. Similar morphological alterations were observed in 80% of all compound heterozygous Pax5 (+/-) Krd (+/-) mice. However, in the remaining 20% of compound heterozygotes, the inferior colliculi were missing, and the vermis of the cerebellum was severely disrupted due to the failure of the cerebellar primordia to fuse at the midline. Inactivation of the second Pax5 allele in Pax5 (-/-) Krd (+/-) mice resulted in complete loss of the posterior midbrain and cerebellum, as the tissue originating from the midbrain-hindbrain boundary region was deleted in the embryo as early as day 9.5. On the basis of these data, we propose that the cooperation of Pax2 and Pax5 is essential for normal functioning of the organizing center at the midbrain-hindbrain junction.
Human Health Effects of Sodium Azide Exposure: A Literature Review and Analysis (2003)

Sodium azide, used mainly as a preservative in aqueous laboratory reagents and biologic fluids and as a fuel in automobile airbag gas generants, has caused deaths for decades. Its exposure potential for the general population increases as the use of airbags increase. In order to characterize the known health effects of sodium azide in humans and the circumstances of their exposure, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature from 1927 to 2002 on human exposure to sodium azide and its health effects. The most commonly reported health effect from azide exposure is hypotension, almost independent of route of exposure. Most industrial exposures are by inhalation. Most laboratory exposures or suicide attempts are by ingestion. Most of the reported cases involved persons working in laboratories. The time between exposure and detection of hypotension can predict outcome. Fatal doses occur with exposures of >or=700 mg (10 mg/kg). Nonlethal doses ranged from 0.3 to 150 mg (0.004 to 2 mg/kg). Onset of hypotension within minutes or in less than an hour is indicative of a pharmacological response and a benign course. Hypotension with late onset (>1 hour) constitutes an ominous sign for death. All individuals with hypotension for more than an hour died. Additional health effects included mild complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, temporary loss of vision, palpitation, dyspnea, or temporary loss of consciousness or mental status decrease. More severe symptoms and signs included marked decreased mental status, seizure, coma, arrhythmia, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and cardiorespiratory arrest. The signs and symptoms from lower exposures (<700 mg) are physiological responses at the vascular level and those at or above are toxicological responses at the metabolic level. There is no specific antidote for sodium azide intoxication. Recommended preventive measures for sodium azide exposure consist of education of people at high risk, such as laboratory workers, regarding its chemical properties and toxicity, better labeling of products containing sodium azide, and strict enforcement of laboratory regulations and access control.
Relationship between resolution and accuracy of four intraoral scanners in complete-arch impressions (2018)

The resolution of the digital impression systems has no relationship with the accuracy they achieve in the impression of a complete dental arch. The study found that the Omnicam scanner is the system that obtains the best resolution, and that as the resolution increases, its precision increases. <b>Key words:</b>Trueness, precision, accuracy, resolution, intraoral scanner, digital impression.
Energy-Efficient Superconducting Computing—Power Budgets and Requirements (2013)

Large-scale computing system characteristics vary by application class, but power and energy use has become a major problem for all classes. Superconducting computing may be able to serve the needs of these systems significantly better than conventional technology. Recent developments in single flux quantum circuit technology for digital logic include variants with greatly improved energy efficiency. Concepts were investigated for computing systems capable of performance in the range from 1 to 1000 PFLOP/s. The concept systems were constrained to use existing commercial cryogenic refrigerators and Nb superconducting technology. In order to meet the performance goals, cache and main memory capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures will be required. Superconducting computing is shown to be potentially competitive on the basis of power and energy efficiency if key component technologies can meet specific goals. Potential advantages of superconducting computing are identified as well as areas requiring further development.
Licensing poultry CO<sub>2</sub>gas-stunning systems with regard to animal welfare: investigations under practical conditions (2012)

Abstract Carbon dioxide stunning of broilers is not permitted in Germany. However, the competent authority can license a system for testing, during which scientific evaluation with regard to animal welfare is required. Between 2004 and 2011 several aspects of three systems have been evaluated in Germany and Italy under practical conditions including: (i) supply to the stunning system; (ii) induction conditions; (iii) stunning effectiveness; and (iv) process control. The systems were: (i) LINCO progressive gas-stunning system in which broilers in their transport crates are lowered stepwise into a pit filled with CO 2 and exposed to slowly increasing concentrations of CO 2 in air up to between 50 and 65% with total dwell times between 275 and 440 s depending on birds’ weight; (ii) Stork PMT two-phase gas-stunning system (40% CO 2 /30% O 2 /30%N 2 for 1 min/80% CO 2 for 2 min) in which broilers are tipped onto a belt, on which they pass through the gas atmospheres; and (iii) Anglia Autoflow two-phase CO 2 -stunning system, in which the birds are exposed to the atmosphere in their crates. Results on the third system are pending as the investigation is still ongoing. In systems (i) and (ii) analysis of behaviour showed that birds were only exposed to high CO 2 concentration (> 40%) after becoming unconscious. Stunning effectiveness was very high but, nevertheless, occasionally birds (0.027% LINCO system and 0.003% Stork PMT system) were able to regain consciousness. Examples of evaluation of behaviour during induction are presented in this paper and animal welfare aspects are compared. Controlled-atmosphere stunning systems for broilers using less than 40% CO 2 until animals are unconscious, show obvious advantages compared to electrical water-bath stunning, for example, the avoidance of shackling and achieving high stunning effectiveness.
Decoding continuous three-dimensional hand trajectories from epidural electrocorticographic signals in Japanese macaques (2012)

Brain–machine interface (BMI) technology captures brain signals to enable control of prosthetic or communication devices with the goal of assisting patients who have limited or no ability to perform voluntary movements. Decoding of inherent information in brain signals to interpret the user’s intention is one of main approaches for developing BMI technology. Subdural electrocorticography (sECoG)-based decoding provides good accuracy, but surgical complications are one of the major concerns for this approach to be applied in BMIs. In contrast, epidural electrocorticography (eECoG) is less invasive, thus it is theoretically more suitable for long-term implementation, although it is unclear whether eECoG signals carry sufficient information for decoding natural movements. We successfully decoded continuous three-dimensional hand trajectories from eECoG signals in Japanese macaques. A steady quantity of information of continuous hand movements could be acquired from the decoding system for at least several months, and a decoding model could be used for ∼10 days without significant degradation in accuracy or recalibration. The correlation coefficients between observed and predicted trajectories were lower than those for sECoG-based decoding experiments we previously reported, owing to a greater degree of chewing artifacts in eECoG-based decoding than is found in sECoG-based decoding. As one of the safest invasive recording methods available, eECoG provides an acceptable level of performance. With the ease of replacement and upgrades, eECoG systems could become the first-choice interface for real-life BMI applications.