gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on Atmospheric Dispersion and Fire Possibility in Toluene Leakage (2017)

본 연구는 안전시설이 없는 위험물저장시설에서 위험물을 취급시 발생할 수 있는 사고에 대한 위험성을 알아보고자 했다. 불법위험물 운반용기는 화재가 발생할 경우 연소속도가 매우 빨라 폭발로 이어져 피해가 크며 진화하기도어렵다. 또한 인화성 액체위험물에서 발생하는 사고는 누출로 인해 공간에서 발생하는 사고가 대부분을 차지하고있다. 따라서 이러한 사고에 대한 영향을 주는 변수를 도출했고, 이 변수들이 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 했다. 수치해석 및 전산유체역학프로그램을 이용해서 해석해 본 결과 다음과 같은 최종결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 먼저 특정 공간에 인화성액체가 누출되었을 때 특정농도(연소하한계)가 될 때까지의 온도와 상대습도의 영향을 받고, 온도의 경우인화점 이상에서는 인화점 이하에서보다 도달시간이 짧아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 누출로 인한 저장탱크의Pool Fire사고에 미치는 변수의 영향의 정도는 다소 차이가 있으나 주로 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 풍속으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 본 연구를 통해서 유사한 수치해석적인 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이고, 다양한 연구조건에서 위험물질이 누출되는 사고에 대해서 유용한 수치해석적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.This study examined the risk of accidents when handling hazardous materials in hazardous materials storage facilitieswithout safety facilities. In the case of illegal dangerous cargo containers, the burning rate is very fast in the case of fire,which leads to explosions, that are damaging and difficult to control. In addition, accidents that occur in flammable liquidhazardous materials are caused mostly by accidents that occur in the space due to leakage. Therefore, the variables that affectthese accidents were derived and the influence of these variables was investigated. Numerical and computational fluiddynamics programs were used to obtain the following final results. First, when a flammable liquid leaks into a specific space,it is influenced by temperature and relative humidity until a certain concentration (lower limit of combustion) is reached. Inthe case of temperature, it was found that the reaching time was shorter than the flash point In addition, the effect of variableson pool fire accidents of leakage tanks is somewhat different, but the variables that have the largest influence are the windspeed. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for similar numerical analysis andit will provide useful numerical information about the accidental leakage of hazardous materials under various researchconditions.
5α‐Reductase type 1 and aromatase in breast carcinoma as regulators of <i>in situ</i> androgen production (2006)

Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that bioactive androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exerted antiproliferative effects through an interaction with androgen receptor (AR) in breast carcinoma cells. However, AR status has not been examined in association with DHT concentration in breast carcinoma tissues, and significance of androgenic actions remains unclear in breast carcinomas. Therefore, in our study, we first examined intratumoral DHT concentrations in 38 breast carcinoma tissues using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Intratumoral DHT concentration was positively associated with 5alpha-reductase type 1 (5alphaRed1), and negatively correlated with aromatase. We then examined clinical significance of AR and 5alphaRed1 status in 115 breast carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. Breast carcinomas positive for both AR and 5alphaRed1 were inversely associated with tumor size or Ki-67. These patients showed significant associations with a decreased risk of recurrence and improved prognosis for overall survival, and the AR / 5alphaRed1 status was demonstrated an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, we examined possible regulation of DHT production by aromatase in in vitro studies. DHT synthesis from androstenedione in MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by coculture with aromatase-positive stromal cells, which was significantly reversed by addition of aromatase inhibitor exemestane. These results suggest that intratumoral DHT concentration is mainly determined by 5alphaRed1 and aromatase in breast carcinoma tissues, and antiproliferative effect of DHT may primarily occur in the cases positive for both AR and 5alphaRed1. Aromatase inhibitors may be more effective in these patients, possibly due to increasing local DHT concentration with estrogen deprivation.
Collaborative visual data navigation on the Web (2002)

2D and 3D visualization technologies developed for the Web are taking the world by storm. Companies now see the Internet/intranet and the Web as key mechanisms for distributing information internally and among their customers. With the evolution of standard Web-based visualization components, the opportunity to provide interactive electronic documents has become practicable. The author of a scientific, engineering or business analysis, can distribute electronic documents with embedded interactive 3D visualization viewers to colleagues. This paper shows how to deliver interactive visual data navigation in an electronic document through the Web based on Microsoft's ActiveX/COM industry standard.
The ionic strength dependence of the structure and dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions as seen by light scattering: The slow mode dilemma (1996)

The ionic strength dependence of the structure and dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. Narrow molecular weight distribution sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) standards in aqueous NaCl solutions were chosen as model systems. The study covers moderate polymer concentrations (∼0.5–50 g/L) where interparticle interactions rather than single-polyion properties are dominant. Two diffusive modes characterized as fast and slow were detected in most cases. Scattering amplitudes of these modes were evaluated from light scattering data, which was not done in previous investigations. Amplitudes were normalized by the scattering of a benzene standard. Attention was paid mainly to the occurrence of the slow diffusive mode, which is interpreted as the dynamics of large multichain domains. Experimental results show that the occurrence of the slow mode is not connected with any kind of a sharp transition at some critical conditions. The amplitude of the slow mode (scattering intensity associated with the slow mode) changes smoothly as a function of the ratio of the polymer concentration to the solution ionic strength. At sufficiently high polymer concentrations, the slow mode can even persist until theta conditions are reached (4.17 M NaCl at 25 °C). It was shown that the absolute scattering intensity associated with the slow mode increases upon decreasing ionic strength, which is a direct proof that the structures responsible for the slow mode (domains) really form in solution and cannot be associated with the presence of some impurities, stable aggregates due to the polymer incomplete solubility, etc. Multiangle dynamic light scattering data show that dimensions of the domains increase upon decreasing ionic strength, too. The fast and slow diffusive modes are always widely separated on the time scale and the ionic strength dependence of diffusion coefficient cannot be characterized as a ‘‘splitting of diffusion coefficient.’’
Antimicrobial Peptide Preferential Binding of E. coli O157:H7 (2008)

The studies presented here explore antimicrobial peptide preferential binding behavior for a target pathogen, Escherichia coli O157:H7. A modified immunoassay and surface plasmon resonance were employed to evaluate immobilized peptide binding of whole bacterial cells. The knowledge gained may guide the rational design of peptides with enhanced species binding selectivity.
Biodegradable poly(ester‐ether)s: ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one using various initiator systems (2010)

Abstract The synthesis and detailed characterization of racemic 3‐methyl‐1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one (3‐MeDX) are reported. The bulk ring‐opening polymerization of 3‐MeDX, to yield a poly(ester‐ether) meant for biomedical applications, in the presence of various initiators such as tin(II) octanoate, tin(II) octanoate/ n ‐butyl alcohol, aluminium tris ‐isopropoxide and an aluminium Schiff base complex (HAPENAlO i Pr) under varying experimental conditions is here detailed for the first time. Polymerization kinetics were investigated and compared with those of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one. The studies reveal that the rate of polymerization of 3‐MeDX is less than that of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one. Experimental conditions to achieve relatively high molar masses have been established. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy of 3‐MeDX polymerization as well as ceiling temperature have been determined. Poly( D , L ‐3‐MeDX) is found to possess a much lower ceiling temperature than poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one). Poly( D , L ‐3‐MeDX) was characterized using NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. This polymer is an amorphous material with a glass transition temperature of about −20 °C. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Vasoactive intestinal peptide impairs leucocyte migration but fails to modify experimental murine colitis (2005)

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide with known anti-inflammatory activity. We have demonstrated previously that administration of VIP inhibits leucocyte migration in a murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity, and anti-inflammatory efficacy is supported by other studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the VIP effects in a murine model of intestinal inflammation. Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by a 2.5 mg enema of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) and the mice were killed on day 7. Mice were administered either a 3-day (therapeutic) or 7-day (prophylactic) constant infusion of VIP by subcutaneously implanted mini-osmotic pumps, or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VIP on alternate days over 7 days. Clinical disease scores, weight changes, histopathology of colon tissues, plasma VIP levels, cytokine levels and chemotaxis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. After administration of TNBS, mice quickly developed severe colitis accompanied by dramatic body weight loss (20% by day 6) and high mortality (30%). Prophylactic treatment using high-dose VIP abrogated leucocyte chemotaxis; however, it failed to ameliorate the weight loss and mortality. Moreover, VIP delivered either by constant infusion or i.p. failed to modify the clinical, histological or cytokine markers of disease. Our studies show that, despite an ability to inhibit chemokine-induced chemotaxis of mononuclear cells, VIP was unable to modulate TNBS-induced colitis. This contrasts with the efficacy of VIP in models of mild inflammatory disease and suggests that VIP is unlikely to provide a useful model for novel anti-IBD therapy.
Utilization of graphene oxide electrophoretic deposition for construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors (2015)

This review summarizes and discusses electrophoretic methods for the fabrication deposited graphene and graphene-based structures. Graphenes are commonly dispersed in organic solvents or in water. Deposition procedures are performed mostly under constant voltage and deposition time seems to be an important parameter for influence prepared graphene structures. It was shown that electrophoretically deposited graphene layers have excellent properties suitable for electrochemical sensors and biosensors construction, e.g. high electrical conductivity and large surface area. Electrophoretic deposition enables also preparation of material which combines graphene with metal nanoparticles or polymers.
Embedded Activity Monitoring Methods (2011)

As the average age of the population increases worldwide, automated tools for remote monitoring of activity are increasingly necessary and valuable. This chapter highlights embedded systems for activity recognition that provide privacy, do not require major infrastructure,and are easy to configure. The strengths and weaknesses of popular sensing modes that include RFID, motion, pressure, acceleration, and machine vision are discussed. A new activity detection system is also described for high privacy area like the bathroomand bedroom environment.
[Influence of physiologically active substances isolated from the thymus on the course of the wound process following cryodestruction in rats]. (1977)

<p>Much of the data found in practice resides in relational DBs. However, many contemporary analytical tasks are performed on graphs. Property graphs are currently one of the most prevalent data models for graph data management in industry. Therefore, a key challenge is to understand the fundamental relationships between relational databases and property graph databases. This paper reports our ongoing work towards understanding these relationships by proposing R2PG-DM, a direct mapping of relational databases to property graphs. Given a relational database schema and instance, a direct mapping generates a corresponding property graph instance. The semantics of our mapping is defined using Datalog. Our work is inspired by existing approaches for direct mappings of relational databases into earlier graph data models. Future work is to study our mapping with respect to fundamental properties such as information and query preservation.</p>
Study of heart-reactive antibody in antisera and hybridoma culture fluids against group A streptococci (1983)

Heart-reactive antibody is known to be produced in animals immunized with group A streptococci. However, the detection and quantitation of these antibodies and their respective antigens have been limited to immunofluorescence or immunoprecipitation tests. In this study a more sensitive technique was used to detect heart-reactive antibody, i.e., the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and agar gel immunodiffusion were also used to confirm the reactivity of rabbit antisera to group A streptococci and human heart tissue. Human heart tissue antigen was prepared by Triton X-100 extraction, and checkerboard titrations of heart tissue antigen versus streptococcal antisera revealed optimal concentrations of each for the ELISA. When immune rabbit serum was reacted with heart tissue antigen, a 5- to 10-fold increase was observed over the reactions of preimmune sera controls. Streptococcal antiserum was found to have a six- to eightfold greater reactivity with heart tissue antigen than with similar concentrations of kidney and skeletal muscle antigens. Heart tissue antigen was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and quantities of greater than 10 to 100 ng (dry weight) were shown to react with streptococcal antisera in the ELISA. Heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle antigens were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel slabs and blotted onto a nitrocellulose filter. These filter blots reacted with streptococcal antisera and confirmed the tissue antigen specificity observed with the ELISA. In addition, the ELISA was found to be an effective method for the detection of heart-reactive antibodies produced by murine hybridomas that were producing antibody to group A streptococci.
Princípios tóxicos e alucinogênicos de cogumelos (1986)

O autor tece aqui considerações sobre as principais espécies de cogumelos tóxicos e seus princípios ativos.
Controlling tensegrity robots through evolution (2013)

Tensegrity structures (built from interconnected rods and cables) have the potential to offer a revolutionary new robotic design that is light-weight, energy-efficient, robust to failures, capable of unique modes of locomotion, impact tolerant, and compliant (reducing damage between the robot and its environment). Unfortunately robots built from tensegrity structures are difficult to control with traditional methods due to their oscillatory nature, nonlinear coupling between components and overall complexity. Fortunately this formidable control challenge can be overcome through the use of evolutionary algorithms. In this paper we show that evolutionary algorithms can be used to efficiently control a ball shaped tensegrity robot. Experimental results performed with a variety of evolutionary algorithms in a detailed soft-body physics simulator show that a centralized evolutionary algorithm performs 400% better than a hand-coded solution, while the multiagent evolution performs 800% better. In addition, evolution is able to discover diverse control solutions (both crawling and rolling) that are robust against structural failures and can be adapted to a wide range of energy and actuation constraints. These successful controls will form the basis for building high-performance tensegrity robots in the near future.
MRMer, an Interactive Open Source and Cross-platform System for Data Extraction and Visualization of Multiple Reaction Monitoring Experiments (2008)

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry identifies and quantifies specific peptides in a complex mixture with very high sensitivity and speed and thus has promise for the high throughput screening of clinical samples for candidate biomarkers. We have developed an interactive software platform, called MRMer, for managing highly complex MRM-MS experiments, including quantitative analyses using heavy/light isotopic peptide pairs. MRMer parses and extracts information from MS files encoded in the platform-independent mzXML data format. It extracts and infers precursor-product ion transition pairings, computes integrated ion intensities, and permits rapid visual curation for analyses exceeding 1000 precursor-product pairs. Results can be easily output for quantitative comparison of consecutive runs. Additionally MRMer incorporates features that permit the quantitative analysis experiments including heavy and light isotopic peptide pairs. MRMer is open source and provided under the Apache 2.0 license.
Vaccines: An Ongoing Promise? (2001)

Over the past decade, intensive research has focused on developing a vaccine therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Substantial unresolved questions cloud the current approach, and the development of a vaccine against this unique organism has proved very challenging. Many candidate vaccines have been tested in animal models. The immunogenicity and the safety of some vaccine formulations have been recently evaluated through clinical trials, and the efficacy of these vaccine therapies in humans will be determined in the near future. This article will provide an overview of the current knowledge of natural and vaccine-induced immune responses to H. pylori infection. It will also review past vaccine successes and failures in animal models and the limited experience to date in using vaccine therapy in humans. Several obstacles to H. pylori vaccine development efforts along with the future direction of these efforts will be discussed.
Handover and link adaptation evaluation of the RACE/ATDMA system concept for a 3rd generation air interface by simulation (2002)

The European RACE/ATDMA project has designed an advanced TDMA radio access scheme for third generation mobile systems. Among the key requirements for these systems are improved quality of service (QoS), and high capacity and coverage. The paper concentrates on the performance evaluation via simulation of two important techniques of the ATDMA system concept against the requirements above: the handover algorithm and link adaptation. The latter is a feature which dynamically adapts the transmission chain (e.g. coding rate, modulation scheme) to the radio channel characteristics. The handover results show performance trade-offs for variations of the handover margin or the dedicated control channel (DCCH) holding time. For link adaptation the system improvements possible by this technique in an interference limited as well as a noise limited situation are given.
A Loss and Phase Set for Measuring Transistor Parameters and Two-Port Networks Between 5 and 250 mc* (1961)

An insertion loss and phase measuring set has been developed for making small-signal measurements on transistors and general two-port networks with maximum inaccuracy of 0.1 db and 0.5 degree over a frequency range from 5 to 250 mc. In order to realize accuracy substantially independent of test frequency, the measurement information is heterodyned to a fixed intermediate frequency, where detection is performed with the aid of adjustable loss and phase-shift standards. Use of a rapid sampling technique to compare the unknown with a high-frequency standard eliminates errors from circuit drifts and also reduces the magnitude of the “instrument-zero line” to a small value. Besides discussing the over-all operation of the new test set, the paper presents the design approaches used in solving problems related to purity of terminations as seen from the unknown, automatic control of beat oscillator frequency, conversion, signal-to-noise, and design of loss and phase standards. Particular attention is given to the features of the set which especially adapt it to the measurement of transistor parameters.
Best Completion Practices (1999)

Abstract Over one hundred Gulf of Mexico completions have been analyzed over a period of two years, resulting in the best practices, as outlined in this paper. The completions have been categorized into ten different types, and optimized methods for implementing each type are listed. Completion engineers, production engineers, rig foremen and many service company personnel have contributed to Best Completion Practices. The work, however, has mainly been driven by an Alliance Process Improvement Team (APIT) composed of the authors, thus shared visions and solutions are the means by which common completion objectives have been reached.
Tape Recorder for Evaluation of Coughs in Children (1966)

OTHER investigators,1-6utilizing various techniques, have attempted to determine objectively the response of cough to antitussive medication. Volunteer adult patients were used almost exclusively in those studies. The techniques employed have consisted of induction of cough by artificial means, such as successive inhalations of an irritant aerosol, and of assay of antitussive activity of cough medications based on reduction in number of coughs provoked by the irritant. The irritant usually was citric acid or acetylcholine. While the data obtained gave a valid indication of a cough-suppressing effect, experimental production of cough by chemical or mechanical irritants is subject to certain limitations and criticisms. First, the healthy volunteer after repeated exposure develops a tolerance to the irritant, especially when the latter is citric acid. Second, the frequency and intensity of artificially induced cough vary with the concentration of the irritant and the interval between challenges. Third, the artificially induced cough