gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEG-Immobilized Keratin for Protein Drug Sequestration and pH-Mediated Delivery (2016)

Protein drugs like growth factors are promising therapeutics for damaged-tissue repair. Their local delivery often requires biomaterial carriers for achieving the therapeutic dose range while extending efficacy. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and keratin were crosslinked and used as sponge-like scaffolds (KTN-PEG) to absorb test proteins with different isoelectric points (pI): albumin (~5), hemoglobin (~7), and lysozyme (~11). The protein release kinetics was influenced by charge at physiological pH 7.4. The keratin network, with pI 5.3, electrostatically attracted lysozyme and repulsed albumin generating the release rate profile: albumin > hemoglobin > lysozyme. However, under acidic conditions (pH 4), all proteins including keratins were positively charged and consequently intermolecular repulsion altered the release hierarchy, now determined by size (MW) diffusion: lysozyme (14 kDa) > hemoglobin (64 kDa) > albumin (66 kDa). Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), with properties comparable to lysozyme, was absorbed into the KTN-PEG scaffold. Endothelial cells cultured on this substrate had significantly larger numbers than on scaffolds without VEGF-C suggesting that the ionically bound and retained growth factor at neutral pH indirectly increased acute cell attachment and viability. PEG and keratin based sequestrations of proteins with basic pIs are therefore a feasible strategy with potential applications for selective biologics delivery.
Maximum entropy model parameterization with TF&#x2217;IDF weighted vector space model (2007)

Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models have been used in many spoken language tasks. The training of a MaxEnt model often involves an iterative procedure that starts from an initial parameterization and gradually updates it towards the optimum. Due to the convexity of its objective function (hence a global optimum on a training set), little attention has been paid to model initialization in MaxEnt training. However, MaxEnt model training often ends early before convergence to the global optimum, and prior distributions with hyper-parameters are often added to the objective function to prevent over-fitting. This paper shows that the initialization and regularization hyper-parameter setting may significantly affect the test set accuracy. It investigates the MaxEnt initialization/regularization based on an n-gram classifier and a TF∗IDF weighted vector space model. The theoretically motivated TF∗IDF initialization/regularization has achieved significant improvements over the baseline flat initialization/regularization, especially when training data are sparse. In contrast, the n-gram based initialization/ regularization does not exhibit significant improvements.
Max-Product for Maximum Weight Matching: Convergence, Correctness, and LP Duality (2008)

Max-product "belief propagation" (BP) is an iterative, message-passing algorithm for finding the maximum a posteriori (MAP) assignment of a discrete probability distribution specified by a graphical model. Despite the spectacular success of the algorithm in many application areas such as iterative decoding and combinatorial optimization, which involve graphs with many cycles, theoretical results about both the correctness and convergence of the algorithm are known in only a few cases (see section I for references). In this paper, we prove the correctness and convergence of max-product for finding the maximum weight matching (MWM) in bipartite graphs. Even though the underlying graph of the MWM problem has many cycles, somewhat surprisingly we show that the max-product algorithm converges to the correct MWM as long as the MWM is unique. We provide a bound on the number of iterations required and show that for a graph of size n, the computational cost of the algorithm scales as O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), which is the same as the computational cost of the best known algorithms for finding the MWM. We also provide an interesting relation between the dynamics of the max-product algorithm and the auction algorithm, which is a well-known distributed algorithm for solving the MWM problem.
Dantaxusins C and D, Two Novel Taxoids from <i>Taxus yunnanensis</i> (2002)

Two new taxane diterpenes, dantaxusin C (1) and dantaxusin D (2), were isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Taxus yunnanensis along with 14 known taxoids. All structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HREIMS spectroscopic methods.
Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation (2021)

Date palm fruit (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>) is reputed to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer properties. To utilize the great fortune of this fruit, the current study aimed to maximize its pharmacological activity. Date palm extract (DPE) of Khalas cultivar was obtained in powder form and then was formulated into nanoemulsion (NE). The optimized DPE-NE was formulated along with its naked counterpart followed by studying their physical and chemical properties. A qualitative assessment of total serum protein associated with the surface of formulations was implemented. Studies for the in vitro release of DPE from developed NE before and after incubation with serum were investigated. Eventually, an MTT assay was conducted. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.89 ± 0.013 mg GAE/g of dry DPE and 9.90 ± 0.03 mg QE/g of dry DPE, respectively. Homogenous NE formulations were attained with appropriate particle size and viscosity that could be administered intravenously. The optimized PEGylated NE exhibited a proper particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. Total serum protein adsorbed on PEG-NE surface was significantly low. The release of the drug through in vitro study was effectively extended for 24 h. Ultimately; PEGylated NE of DPE attained significant inhibition for cancer cell viability with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 18.6 ± 2.4 and 13.5 ± 1.8 µg/mL for MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. PEGylated NE of DPE of Khalas cultivar will open the gate for future adjuvants for cancer therapy.
JPernLite: extensible transaction services for the WWW (1999)

Concurrency control is one of the key problems in design and implementation of collaborative systems such as hypertext/hypermedia systems, CAD/CAM systems, and software development environments. Most existing systems store data in specialized databases with built-in concurrency control policies, usually implemented via locking. It is desirable to construct such collaborative systems on top of the World Wide Web, but most Web servers do not support even conventional transactions, let alone distributed (multi-Website) transactions or flexible concurrency control mechanisms oriented toward team work-such as event notification, shared locks, and fine granularity locks. We present a transaction server that operates independently of Web servers or the collaborative systems, to fill the concurrency control gap. By default, the transaction server enforces the conventional atomic transaction model, where sets of operations are performed in an all-or-nothing fashion and isolated from concurrent users. The server can be tailored dynamically to apply more sophisticated concurrency control policies appropriate for collaboration. The transaction server also supports applications employing information resources other than Web servers, such as legacy databases, CORBA objects, and other hypermedia systems. Our implementation permits a wide range of system architecture styles.
Incremental communication for multilayer neural networks (1995)

A new method of inter-neuron communication called incremental communication is presented. In the incremental communication method, instead of communicating the whole value of a variable, only the increment or decrement of its previous value is sent on a communication link. The incremental value may be either a fixed-point or a floating-point value. Multilayer feedforward network architecture is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed communication scheme. The method is applied to three different learning problems and the effect of the precision of incremental input-output values of the neurons on the convergence behavior is examined. It is shown through simulation that for some problems even four-bit precision in fixed- and/or floating-point representations is sufficient for the network to converge. With 8-12 bit precisions almost the same results are obtained as that with the conventional communication using 32-bit precision. The proposed method of communication can lead to significant savings in the intercommunication cost for implementations of artificial neural networks on parallel computers as well as the interconnection cost of direct hardware realizations. The method can be incorporated into most of the current learning algorithms in which inter-neuron communications are required. Moreover, it can be used along with the other limited precision strategies for representation of variables suggested in literature.
Radiance caching for global illumination computation on glossy surfaces (2005)

L'illumination globale est un moyen permettant de produire des images de synthèse dites photoréalistes. Elle joue un rôle encore plus important dans le cas de scènes contenant des objets en parties spéculaires, c'est à dire non parfaitement lisses. Cette thèse traite principalement du problème du calcul de l'illumination globale dans le cas de ce type de scène où les objets sont caractérisés par des réflectances de basse fréquence. Nous proposons une méthode utilisant un cache de luminance, méthode basée sur le lancer de rayon et prenant en compte les surfaces spéculaires non parfaitement lisses (ayant une rugosité microscopique) dont les réflectances possèdent des caractéristiques de basse fréquence. L'algorithme proposé exploite la variation douce de l'éclairage sur une surface en interpolant l'éclairage indirect à partir de données éparses stockées dans le cache. Notre méthode permet de générer des images de grande qualité en un temps plus court que celui obtenu avec les méthodes existantes.
A limnological study of four lakes near Rotorua (1970)

Summary Four lakes (Okataina, Rotoehu, Ngapouri and Okaro), near Rotorua, New Zealand, were studied in 1960–66 and their physical features noted. The seasonal changes in water temperature and heat budgets throughout the depth of the lakes were followed through several cycles, and differences between lakes correlated with the altitude and size. The status of the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic; changes in values for dissolved oxygen, both diurnal and seasonal, are interpreted in terms of their primary production. The partition of some dissolved substances during thermal stratification and immediately after overturn is described and the biological consquences are noted. The hypolimnetic oxygen deficit, however, was found to be correlated with primary production only when a depth factor was incorporated in the expression. The data were compared with those from lakes in other parts of the world. The value of various published correlations with biological production is discussed; a possible explanation is put forward for the comparatively high heat budget of Lake Okataina.
Hedgehog signaling is restricted to the stromal compartment during pancreatic carcinogenesis (2009)

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implicated in pancreatic cancer but its role remains controversial. To delineate the cell populations able to respond to Hh ligand stimulation, we expressed an oncogenic allele of Smoothened (SmoM2) to cell autonomously activate Hh signaling in the mouse pancreas. Surprisingly, we found that expression of SmoM2 in epithelial cells was not able to activate the pathway and had no impact on pancreatic development or neoplasia. In contrast, activation of Smo in the mesenchyme led to Hh pathway activation, indicating that only the tumor stroma is competent to transduce the Hh signal. Using a Ptc-LacZ reporter mouse, we show that Hh signaling is active in stromal cells surrounding Hh-expressing tumor epithelium in various mouse pancreatic cancer models. Activation of the Hh pathway in the tumor stroma of human pancreatic and metastatic cancer specimens was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR of microdissected tissue samples. These data support a paracrine model of Hh-mediated tumorigenesis, in which tumor cells secrete Hh ligand to induce tumor-promoting Hh target genes in adjacent stroma.
The inhibitory effect of batroxobin against the lung metastasis of the B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in the mice in relation to the activity of the NK cell. (1988)

The author noted the defibrinogenation of batroxobin which inhibits the lung metastasis of the B16-F10 melanoma cells in the C57BL/6 mice, and suspected that, this effect might be closely related with the activity of the NK cells.When the mice were treated with batroxobin, the number of metastatic foci which were identified after inoculation of the B16-F10 cells from the tail vein of the mice was significantly decreased. The NK cell activity was increased by the administration of polyinocinic-polycytidylic acid (Polyl: C). In this circumstance, the number of metastatic foci was also markedly decreased, and more strikingly decreased by the simultaneous administration of batroxobin.On the contrary, the depression of the NK cell activity by the administration of the anti-asialo GM1 antibody showed a significant increase in lung metastatic foci in comparison with the control group. Moreover, no significant effect was observed by further administration of batroxobin.The single administration of batroxobin also failed to show the activation of the spleen NK cell.The administration of batroxobin caused the defibrinogenation, and this manupilation eventually inhibited the lung metastasis of the tumor, which augmented by adding the NK cell functional activation.
[General pharmacological studies on fosfomycin sodium (author's transl)]. (1979)

The pharmacological effects of fosfomycin sodium, a new antibiotic agent, were studied on central nervous system, neuromuscular junction, isolated smooth muscles, blood coagulation, red blood cell resistance, body temperature, permeability of skin vessels and IgG and IgE antibody formation in laboratory animals. Fosfomycin sodium inhibited activities on the isolated smooth muscles, elevated body temperature, and increased permeability of skin vessels. Any of these actions, however, was noticeable only when it was administered in higher doses. Except for these above effects, fosfomycin sodium did not show any actions. Consequently, it can be concluded that fosfomycin sodium has no specific pharmacological actions.
Client requirements for real-time communication services (1990)

A set of performance specifications that seem appropriate for real-time computer communication services is proposed. They include various types of delay bounds, throughput bounds, and reliability bounds. Other requirements and desirable properties are described from a client's viewpoint, and the ways in which each requirement is to be translated to make it suitable for lower levels in the protocol hierarchy are examined. Some examples of requirements specification are presented, and possible objections to the approach are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypervisor Support for Efficient Memory De-duplication (2011)

Memory de-duplication removes the memory state redundancy among virtual machines that run on the same physical machine by identifying common memory pages shared by these virtual machines and storing only one copy for each of common memory pages. A standard approach to identifying common memory pages is to hash the content of each memory page, and compare the resulting hash values. In a virtualized server, only the hyper visor is in a position to compute the hash value of every physical memory page on the server, but the memory de-duplication engine is best implemented outside the hyper visor for flexibility and simplicity reasons. A key design issue in the memory de-duplication engine is to minimize the performance impact of these hashing computations on the running VMs. To reduce this impact, memory page hashing should be performed with low overhead and when the CPU is idle. This paper describes why existing hyper visors do not provide adequate support for our memory de-duplication engine, how a new primitive called deferrable aggregate hyper call (DAH) fills the need, and what the resulting performance improvement is.
Middleware Technology Research and Interface Design Based on Internet of Things (2015)

With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, communications between physical objects and humans become realistic, and smart devices can be monitored and controlled remotely. It promotes the development of smart home, smart city and even smart planet, which greatly improves the quality and efficiency of human life. As a kind of common services, middleware technology plays an importance role in IoT system. This paper firstly introduces the research background of IoT and middleware technology. Then three main middleware access scenes are analyzed in IoT system, which is determined by the sensing device functions. Lastly, this paper defines the middleware interface, and proposes the interface design method. The middleware interface is classified into three categories: device side interface, application side interface and middleware management interface, in which device side interface defines the data transmission method between the device layer and the platform layer; application side interface defines the middleware opening resources and services between the application layer and the platform layer; and middleware management interface is mainly for devices and middleware management functions. It indicates the message interaction process, and separates different message information, thus improving the data transmission efficiency and enhancing the services open ability of IoT system.
A portable, automatic SNM monitor for nuclear safeguards: Development, evaluation, and applications (1993)

The portable SNM monitor is a lightweight, full-size, automatic monitor, suitable for temporary service (such as demonstrations or for use during maintenance) or as a permanent replacement for hand- held monitors. The authors based the monitor on the TSA Systems, Ltd., modular SNM monitor design and, through evaluation and improvement of the commercial modules, obtained adequate sensitivity in a single- cabinet monitor that is easily portable. Complete monitoring of pedestrians with a single detector cabinet is achieved by requiring the pedestrian to stand in front of the detectors and turn around through 360 deg while being observed by a security inspector. The monitor is available commercially as the TSA Systems Model PMD-701, and it is beginning to be used in both temporary and permanent applications.
Plasma Oxidation of H2S over Non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 Perovskite Catalysts in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor (2018)

In this work, plasma-catalytic removal of H2S over LaxMnO3 (x = 0.90, 0.95, 1, 1.05 and 1.10) has been studied in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The non-stoichiometric effect of the LaxMnO3 catalysts on the removal of H2S and sulfur balance in the plasma-catalytic process has been investigated as a function of specific energy density (SED). The integration of the plasma with the LaxMnO3 catalysts significantly enhanced the reaction performance compared to the process using plasma alone. The highest H2S removal of 96.4% and sulfur balance of 90.5% were achieved over the La0.90MnO3 catalyst, while the major products included SO2 and SO3. The missing sulfur could be ascribed to the sulfur deposited on the catalyst surfaces. The non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 catalyst exhibited larger specific surface areas and smaller crystallite sizes compared to the LaMnO3 catalyst. The non-stoichiometric effect changed their redox properties as the decreased La/Mn ratio favored the transformation of Mn3+ to Mn4+, which contributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surfaces. The XPS and H2-TPR results confirmed that the Mn-rich catalysts showed the higher relative concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and lower reduction temperature compared to LaMnO3 catalyst. The reaction performance of the plasma-catalytic oxidation of H2S is closely related to the relative concentration of Oads formed on the catalyst surfaces and the reducibility of the catalysts.
Randomised clinical trial: dried plums (prunes) vs. psyllium for constipation (2011)

Dried plums are safe, palatable and more effective than psyllium for the treatment of mild to moderate constipation, and should be considered as a first line therapy.
A Self-Adaptive Echo Canceller (1966)

Conventional echo suppressors combat echoes generated at hybrid junctions in long distance telephone connections by interrupting the return path according to some decision scheme based upon the relative levels of the outgoing and return signals. In this brief, a new device is described for cancelling the echo without interrupting the return path. We call this device an echo canceller to distinguish it from conventional echo suppressors. It generates a replica of the echo (which is then subtracted from the return signal) by synthesizing a linear approximation to the echo transmission path. It is self-adapting in that it automatically tracks variations in the echo path which may arise during a telephone conversation (e.g., connection or disconnection of extension phones, etc.).
SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYCITINÆ (1900)

Tetralopha formosella , n. sp. Expands 18 mm. Head nearly pure white; thorax white with black scales intermixed; fore wings pure white, sometimes intermixed with black, and with black spot on costa to basal line; basal line black, with three long black teeth on outer side; middle field whitish, costa towards base black; along inner margin and reaching half way across wing, dull brick red, broken by median cross scale ridge, which is of intermingled black and white; outer line white, edged on both sides with blackish; outer field grayish, mixed with black, much darker along costa to apex; hind wings fuscous, much darker along outer edge; beneath fuscous on all wings, an outer lighter cross line showing on all wings.