gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis: Selective Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide by a Nickel <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene–Isoquinoline Complex (2013)

The solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to value-added chemical fuels is a longstanding challenge in the fields of catalysis, energy science, and green chemistry. In order to develop effective CO2 fixation, several key considerations must be balanced, including (1) catalyst selectivity for promoting CO2 reduction over competing hydrogen generation from proton reduction, (2) visible-light harvesting that matches the solar spectrum, and (3) the use of cheap and earth-abundant catalytic components. In this report, we present the synthesis and characterization of a new family of earth-abundant nickel complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene-amine ligands that exhibit high selectivity and activity for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO. Systematic changes in the carbene and amine donors of the ligand have been surveyed, and [Ni((Pr)bimiq1)](2+) (1c, where (Pr)bimiq1 = bis(3-(imidazolyl)isoquinolinyl)propane) emerges as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 with the lowest cathodic onset potential (E(cat) = -1.2 V vs SCE). Using this earth-abundant catalyst with Ir(ppy)3 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) and an electron donor, we have developed a visible-light photoredox system for the catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO that proceeds with high selectivity and activity and achieves turnover numbers and turnover frequencies reaching 98,000 and 3.9 s(-1), respectively. Further studies reveal that the overall efficiency of this solar-to-fuel cycle may be limited by the formation of the active Ni catalyst and/or the chemical reduction of CO2 to CO at the reduced nickel center and provide a starting point for improved photoredox systems for sustainable carbon-neutral energy conversion.
Development of the inpipe robot for various sizes (2009)

Pipes are everywhere; they are used in power plants, chemical plants, and gas, oil and water supply systems. An inpipe robot is developed, whose movement is copied from the inchworm in nature. It consists of two universal joints, and two clamping and one expansion devices, which use the compressed air as the energy source; the clamping devices are operated by using the four-bar-link mechanism. It can move along the vertical and horizontal directions, and also 90°-bent section of the pipe with the aid of the universal joints. The robot can be used with the various sizes from 100-mm in diameter to 300-mm in diameter. Because the robot is actuated by using the compressed air, the potential applications will be various such as the inspection of the boiler pipes in a power plant, of chemical pipes, and of gas, oil, and water pipes.
Antitumor xenograft activity with a conjugate of a Vinca derivative and the squamous carcinoma-reactive monoclonal antibody PF1/D. (1987)

The human squamous carcinoma-reactive murine monoclonal antibody PF1/D was used to derive a conjugate with the Vinca derivative 4-desacetylvinblastine-3-carboxyhydrazide (PF1/D-DAVLBHYD). This immunoconjugate was shown to be largely aggregate free and there was no loss of immunoreactivity postconjugation. When tested in vivo in a 3-day-established human squamous carcinoma nude mouse xenograft model, the PF1/D-DAVLBHYD conjugate eliminated tumor growth with three injections (days 3, 6, and 9) at 2 mg/kg Vinca content. Significant tumor suppression was also observed with 0.5 mg/kg conjugate doses. In contrast, free PF1/D antibody had minimal antitumor activity and no activity was seen with identical doses of a control non-tumor-binding IgG-DAVLBHYD conjugate. Together, these data demonstrate the specificity of the PF1/D-DAVLBHYD antitumor effects.
The Use of Dilute Dakin's Solution for the Treatment of Angioinvasive Fungal Infection in the Combat Wounded: A Case Series (2013)

Disseminated fungal infections are normally opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised population. Current literature has documented a high mortality rate with these infections in civilian trauma or as complications of severe burns. There is only one published case of fungal infection in a combat-injured individual to date, which resulted in mortality despite aggressive debridement and appropriate antifungal agents. We present here three patients in whom aggressive debridement, antifungals, and the addition of dilute Dakin's solution with negative pressure wound therapy was used to treat angioinvasive mold. Angioinvasive fungal infection continue to be one of the most aggressive and devastating infections that our combat-injured patients face. With the addition of dilute Dakin's solution, we successfully managed three critically ill patients. Previous literature had shown close to 30% mortality associated with cutaneous mucormycosis and the mortality rate approaches 100% with disseminated angioinvasive fungal infections. These results provide hope not only for the combat-injured patients being treated for both local and disseminated angioinvasive fungal infections, but also for the civilian trauma and immunocompromised patients.
White Gold Alloys: Colour Measurement and Grading (2005)

A numerical grading system has been established for white gold alloys using the ASTM Yellowness Index D1925, an existing colour quality standard. The Index is calculated from the CIE (International Commission of Illumination) Tri-stimulus values, X, Y and Z, and the scale is linear, so that as the number decreases, the alloy becomes whiter. This Index provides values that have good correlation with visual assessments and permits easy differentiation of colour without knowledge of an alloys composition. The use of a spectrophotometer instrument provided a quick means of sample colour measurement, with high precision and accuracy.
Halftoning over a hexagonal grid (2003)

In this contribution, we present an optimal halftoning algorithm that uniformly distributes pixels over a hexagonal grid. This method is based on a slightly modified error-diffusion approach presented at SIGGRAPH 2001. Our algorithm's parameters are optimized using a simplex downhill search method together with a <i>blue noise </i>based cost function . We thus present a mathematical basis needed to perform spectral and spatial calculations on a hexagonal grid. The proposed algorithm can be used in a wide variety of printing and visualization tasks. We introduce an application where our error-diffusion technique can be directly used to produce clustered screen cells.
Laboratory Investigation of Cracking Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Field Mixtures Containing Screened Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (2010)

This paper presents the results from a laboratory study in which hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures with No. 4 sieve screened reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) were characterized for their cracking resistance through laboratory performance testing. A typical surface mixture commonly used in the state of Tennessee was evaluated at 0, 10, 20, and 30% RAP contents. Two types of aggregate (limestone and gravel) and three types of asphalt binders (PG 64-22, PG 70-22, and PG 76-22) were used in this study. Mixture cracking resistance was evaluated through Superpave indirect tension (IDT), beam fatigue, and semicircular bending (SCB) tests. The results from this study indicated that the inclusion of RAP generally increased stiffness and indirect tensile strength; however, it generally compromised cracking resistance for the mixtures studied. Mixture properties changed significantly at 30% RAP content as compared to those with 10 and 20% RAP. Field projects validated the findings from the laboratory study.
Binding Characteristics of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate to ApoM hints to Assisted Release Mechanism via the ApoM Calyx-Opening (2016)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator carried by the HDL-associated apoM protein in blood, regulating many physiological processes by activating the G protein-coupled S1P receptor in mammals. Despite the solved crystal structure of the apoM-S1P complex, the mechanism of S1P release from apoM as a part of the S1P pathway is unknown. Here, the dynamics of the wild type apoM-S1P complex as well as of mutants were investigated by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The potential of mean force for S1P unbinding from apoM reflected a large binding strength of more than 60 kJ/mol. This high unbinding free energy for S1P underlines the observed specificity of the physiological effects of S1P as it suggests that the spontaneous release of S1P from apoM is unlikely. Instead, S1P release and thus the control of this bioactive lipid probably requires the tight interaction with other molecules, e.g. with the S1P receptor. Mutations of specific S1P anchoring residues of apoM decreased the energetic barrier by up to 20 kJ/mol. Moreover, the ligand-free apoM protein is shown to adopt a more open upper hydrophilic binding pocket and to result in complete closure of the lower hydrophobic cavity, suggesting a mechanism for adjusting the gate for ligand access.
Managing Soil Moisture on Waste Burial Sites in Arid Regions (1993)

Abstract In semiarid regions, where potential evapotranspiration greatly exceeds precipitation, it is theoretically possible to preclude water form reaching interred wastes by (i) providing a sufficient cap of soil to store precipitation that falls while plants are dormant and (ii) establishing sufficient plant cover to deplete soil moisture during the growing season, thereby emptying the water storage reservoir of the soil. Here we discuss the theory and rationale for such an approach and then present the results of a field study to test its efficacy at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). We examined the capacity of four species of perennial plants to deplete soil moisture on simulated waste trenches and determined the effective water storage capacity of the soil. Those data enabled us to estimate the minimum depth of fill soil required to prevent deep drainage. Any of the species studied can use all of the plant‐available soil water, even during a very wet growing season. The water storage capacity of the soil studied is 17% by volume, so a trench cap of 1.6 m of soil should be adequate to store precipitation received at the INEL while plants are dormant. We recommend a fill soil depth of 2 m to provide a margin of safety in case water accumulates in local areas as a result of heavy snow accumulation, subsidence, or runoff. Fill soil requirements and choice of plant species will vary, but the concepts and general approach are applicable to other shallow land burial sites in arid or semiarid regions.
Effect of Commercial-Scale High-Temperature, Short-Time Pasteurization on the Viability of<i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i>in Naturally Infected Cows' Milk (2002)

Raw cows' milk naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was pasteurized with an APV HXP commercial-scale pasteurizer (capacity 2,000 liters/h) on 12 separate occasions. On each processing occasion, milk was subjected to four different pasteurization treatments, viz., 73 degrees C for 15 s or 25 s with and without prior homogenization (2,500 lb/in(2) in two stages), in an APV Manton Gaulin KF6 homogenizer. Raw and pasteurized milk samples were tested for M. paratuberculosis by immunomagnetic separation (IMS)-PCR (to detect the presence of bacteria) and culture after decontamination with 0.75% (wt/vol) cetylpyridinium chloride for 5 h (to confirm bacterial viability). On 10 of the 12 processing occasions, M. paratuberculosis was detectable by IMS-PCR, culture, or both in either raw or pasteurized milk. Overall, viable M. paratuberculosis was cultured from 4 (6.7%) of 60 raw and 10 (6.9%) of 144 pasteurized milk samples. On one processing day, in particular, M. paratuberculosis appeared to have been present in greater abundance in the source raw milk (evidenced by more culture positives and stronger PCR signals), and on this occasion, surviving M. paratuberculosis bacteria were isolated from milk processed by all four heat treatments, i.e., 73 degrees C for 15 and 25 s with and without prior homogenization. On one other occasion, surviving M. paratuberculosis bacteria were isolated from an unhomogenized milk sample that had been heat treated at 73 degrees C for 25 s. Results suggested that homogenization increases the lethality of subsequent heat treatment to some extent with respect to M. paratuberculosis, but the extended 25-s holding time at 73 degrees C was found to be no more effective at killing M. paratuberculosis than the standard 15-s holding time. This study provides clear evidence that M. paratuberculosis bacteria in naturally infected milk are capable of surviving commercial high-temperature, short-time pasteurization if they are present in raw milk in sufficient numbers.
Chemical Studies on Riboflavin and Related Compounds. I. Oxidation of Quinoxaline-2,3-diols as a Possible Model for the Biological Decomposition of Riboflavin<sup>*</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Studies on Riboflavin and Related Compounds. I. Oxidation of Quinoxaline-2,3-diols as a Possible Model for the Biological Decomposition of Riboflavin*Isao Saito and Teruo MatsuuraCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 11, 3602–3608Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00863a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00863a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Body-Effect Elimination Technique for ISFET Measurement (2006)

This paper presents a new circuit technique to reduce the body-effect for more accurate ISFET measurement. In a floating source readout configuration, the most popular n-channel ISFET in a p-type silicon substrate is easily influenced by back gate bias. Based on a proposed bridge-type floating source circuitry, a current mirror and a MOS drawing the same drain current as the ISFET, the scheme allows reduction of influence of body effect. The proposed technique is simple and has a universal use for different kind of ISFETs
Contractility modulates cell adhesion strengthening through focal adhesion kinase and assembly of vinculin‐containing focal adhesions (2010)

Actin-myosin contractility modulates focal adhesion assembly, stress fiber formation, and cell migration. We analyzed the contributions of contractility to fibroblast adhesion strengthening using a hydrodynamic adhesion assay and micropatterned substrates to control cell shape and adhesive area. Serum addition resulted in adhesion strengthening to levels 30-40% higher than serum-free cultures. Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase or Rho-kinase blocked phosphorylation of myosin light chain to similar extents and eliminated the serum-induced enhancements in strengthening. Blebbistatin-induced inhibition of myosin II reduced serum-induced adhesion strength to similar levels as those obtained by blocking myosin light chain phosphorylation. Reductions in adhesion strengthening by inhibitors of contractility correlated with loss of vinculin and talin from focal adhesions without changes in integrin binding. In vinculin-null cells, inhibition of contractility did not alter adhesive force, whereas controls displayed a 20% reduction in adhesion strength, indicating that the effects of contractility on adhesive force are vinculin-dependent. Furthermore, in cells expressing FAK, inhibitors of contractility reduced serum-induced adhesion strengthening as well as eliminated focal adhesion assembly. In contrast, in the absence of FAK, these inhibitors did not alter adhesion strength or focal adhesion assembly. These results indicate that contractility modulates adhesion strengthening via FAK-dependent, vinculin-containing focal adhesion assembly.
The Scene of New Songdo (2015)

The City of Incheon South Korea underwent massive urban development programs during the administration of Mayor Ahn Sangsoo, building on the success of Incheon International Airport, now rated as a top airport in the world. Like the Incheon International Airport, New Songdo is built on land reclaimed from the sea and is connected to Incheon International Airport. New Songdo is both a new town and an international business district, and is designed to be an eco-city and a smart city or ubiquitous city, a city designed to have wireless networked ubiquitous information systems. Songdo is a mix of unusual and contrasting scenes. In some ways it is typical of Korean new towns with concentrated high-rise luxury apartments being built as fast as they can be occupied, and often before local amenities are constructed to serve them. On the other hand the district features an unusual number of parks and natural amenities for a Korean neighborhood, with major parks separating residential housing from high-tech business parks. The neighborhood features a significant number of universities and other research institutions, as well as an international school and other high rated primary and secondary schools. The district is also unusually international in its composition for a Korean neighborhood, with large numbers of foreign residents and English speakers and businesses that cater to them. What face best defines the Scene of New Songdo? An investigation of the amenities in the neighborhood revealed a scene that was much like that of Seoul, but more glamorous, more statist, more corporate, and more rational-much like the usual scene in new town developments. There was less in the scene to reflect the common descriptions of eco-city, smart city, u-city, aerotropolis, or international city. The most expensive private development appears like a usual Korean development town without the urban conflict and likewise could use more utilitarian and exhibitionistic features to speed development as the neighborhood defines itself.
Isolation and characterization of receptor-like protein kinase WELP1 in wheat (2012)

A cDNA clone for a receptor-like protein kinase gene (WELP1) was obtained from wheat. The clone is 3286 bp long with an open reading frame of 2734 bp long encoding a 977 amino acids containing single peptide. This deduced peptide contains four distinctive domains characteristic of receptor kinases: (1) a putative amino terminal signal sequence domain; (2) a domain with eighteen extracellular leucine-rich repeat sequences; (3) a membrane-spanning domain; and (4) a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain that contains 11 sub-domains conserved among protein kinases. WELP1 gene is expressed in glume, rataria, stem and anther. 1.7 kb upstream sequences of WELP1 were isolated and analyzed. Many cis-elements that respond to environment stimuli were found. Correspondingly, expression of WELP1 is rapidly induced by several environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salt and high temperature. A WELP1::hGFP fusion protein was found to be localized in the plasma membrane upon introduction into epidermal onion cells, suggesting that the WELP1 gene encodes a membrane protein that perceives general stress signals. Therefore, WELP1 can be a candidate gene for biotechnology engineer to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance.

	 

	Key words:  ERECTA protein, promoter, sub-cellular localization, induced mechanism.
Targeting PCSK9 for Hypercholesterolemia (2013)

Dyslipidemias are a predominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Biological and genetic research has led to the identification of several genes and proteins that may be pharmacologically targeted to improve lipoprotein profiles and possibly cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dyslipidemia. The observation that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein C (LDL-C) by enhancing the degradation of the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) prompted the search for drugs that inhibit PCSK9 activity. Several approaches to inhibiting PCSK9 activity have been proposed; these involve inhibitory antibodies, small molecules, and gene silencing. To date, the most promising and advanced approach relates to monoclonal antibodies, which can decrease LDL cholesterol by 65-70%, even as an add-on therapy to a maximal dose of a statin. Phase III studies and large, event-driven clinical trials are ongoing and will fully address the viability and role of these drugs in clinical practice.
A Technique for Obtaining the Infrared Reflectivity of Back Side‐Damaged Silicon Samples (1990)

Various expressions have been proposed for the determination of the oxygen content in silicon wafers with damaged back sides. In most cases, the reflectivity of the sample surfaces must be established. A simple technique is proposed which enables the determination of the reflectivity from a single transmission measurement. The technique and the proposed expressions are evaluated against standards of known concentration.
Microplate Subtractive Hybridization To Enrich for <i>Bacteroidales</i> Genetic Markers for Fecal Source Identification (2005)

ABSTRACT The ability to identify sources of fecal pollution plays a key role in the analysis of human health risk and the implementation of water resource management strategies. One approach to this problem involves the identification of bacterial lineages or gene sequences that are found exclusively in a particular host species or group. We used subtractive hybridization to enrich for target host-specific fecal Bacteroidales rRNA gene fragments that were different from those of very closely related reference (subtracter) host sources. Target host rRNA gene fragments were hybridized to subtracter rRNA gene fragments immobilized in a microplate well, and target sequences that did not hybridize were cloned and sequenced for PCR primer design. The use of microplates for DNA immobilization resulted in a one-step subtractive hybridization in which the products could be directly amplified with PCR. The new host-specific primers designed from subtracted target fragments differentiated among very closely related Bacteroidales rRNA gene sequences and distinguished between similar fecal sources, such as elk and cow or human and domestic pet (dog).