gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature circulators for microwave superconducting systems (2002)

Ultraminiature high performance lumped element high temperature superconductor (HTS) circulators have been successfully demonstrated. Epitaxial HTS YBCO films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) onto buffered Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) substrates with measured surface resistance values (<1 m/spl Omega/ at 10 GHz @ 77 K) comparable to those of HTS films on lanthanum aluminate. The lumped element circulators occupy an area about an order of magnitude smaller in size than that of conventional disc junction circulators. Excellent low loss (<0.23 dB) and high isolation (>30 dB) over 5% bandwidth have also been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The gas-phase equilibrium between trioxan and formaldehyde: the standard enthalpy and entropy of the trimerisation of formaldehyde (1969)

Equilibrium constants for the reaction (1) have been measured in the temperature range 72–108°. The results 3H2CO(g)⇌ C3O3H6(g)(1) can be expressed by equation (2). The standard enthalpy and entropy changes at 25° for the trimerisation of log (Kp, m.4 kN–2= 7·35 ± 0·11)× 103/T–(23·8 ± 0·6)(2) gaseous formaldehyde to form solid trioxan, are ΔH°298=–194·0 ± 2·5 kJ(mole trioxan)–1 and ΔS°298=–526 ± 13 J deg.–1(mole trioxan).–1 The value of ΔH°298 is more precise than that calculated from exiting combustion data but is in general agreement. ΔS°298 agrees well with the value calculated from spectroscopic and heat-capacity data.
WHAM: supporting mobile workforce and applications in workflow environments (2002)

We have prototyped a system called WHAM (Workflow enHAncements for Mobility) to support a mobile workforce and applications in workflow environments. The goal of WHAM is to effectively handle the constraints of network connectivity and the mobility of workflow resources for workflow applications. In this paper, we describe the design and architecture of WHAM. We also describe the mobile resource management approach introduced in WHAM to support the adaptability and scalability of resource management for location-dependent activities.
Analysis of the multiple-error and block least-mean-square adaptive algorithms (1995)

In some block-based and frequency-domain filtering tasks and in multichannel filtering applications, a multiple-error LMS adaptive algorithm, given by W/sub k+1/=W/sub k/+/spl mu/X/sub k/(D/sub k/-X/sub k//sup T/W/sub k/), is employed, In this paper, we examine the mean-square performance of the multiple-error LMS adaptive algorithm for correlated Gaussian input data channels and arbitrary i.i.d. input data channels. We provide a new mean-square analysis of this algorithm that accounts for the correlations between successive data vectors in the data matrix X/sub k/. Using our analysis, we show that for both correlated and i.i.d. input data channels, the multiple-error LMS algorithm performs uniformly worse than the single-channel LMS algorithm for a given amount of data consumed. We also derive simple step size bounds to guarantee mean-square convergence of the multiple-error and block LMS adaptive algorithms for our correlated data model. Simulations of both the block LMS adaptive algorithm and the multichannel filtered-X LMS adaptive algorithm corroborate our theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polysaccharides in Fungi. XXXII. Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Properties of a Polysaccharide from the Cultural Mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis. (1993)

Crude polysaccharides were obtained from a hot-water extract and alkaline extracts of the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis. They showed significant activity in normal mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice as a result of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. A crude polysaccharide (CS-OHEP) obtained from 5% sodium hydroxide extract slightly lowered the plasma glucose level in normal mice by oral (p.o.) administration. A neutral polysaccharide (CS-F30) exhibited higher hypoglycemic activity than its crude polysaccharide (CS-OHEP), exhibited by i.p. injection, and it significantly lowered the glucose level by p.o. administration (50 mg/kg). However, it hardly affected the plasma insulin level in normal mice. CS-F30 ([alpha]D + 21 degrees in water) is composed of galactose, glucose and mannose (molar percent, 62:28:10), and its molecular weight is about 45000.
Potential Lipophilic Nucleotide Prodrugs:  Synthesis, Hydrolysis, and Antiretroviral Activity of AZT and d4T Acyl Nucleotides (1996)

Three general methods for the synthesis of acyl nucleotides (mono-, di-, and triphosphates) have been developed and applied to different HIV inhibitors. These new types of compounds, where a fatty acid moiety is linked to the nucleotide phosphate chain by an acyl phosphate bond, were designed as lipophilic prodrugs of HIV inhibitors metabolites. Acyl nucleoside monophosphates 1a,b were prepared by acylation of the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Acyl nucleoside diphosphates 2a−c and 3a,b were synthesized directly from the free nucleosides using DCC activation of acyl pyrophosphates. Acyl nucleoside triphosphates 4a−c and 5a were obtained using phosphoromorpholidate chemistry and acyl pyrophosphates as nucleophiles. Hydrolysis of acyl nucleotides liberated the corresponding nucleotides by selective cleavage of the acyl phosphate bond, with half lives ranging from 51 to 185 h at 37 °C in triethylammonium acetate buffer pH 7.0. Their antiretroviral activity, measured by the inhibition of cytopathogenicity and reverse transcriptase activity in the cultures supernatants, did not reveal any differences between an acyl nucleotide and its corresponding nucleotide. These results are explained in term of rapid aminolysis of the acyl phosphate bond in culture media.
Fortified Foods and Phytoremediation. Two Sides of the Same Coin (2001)

The global population is expected to reach 7 billion by the year 2013. How are we going to feed the world, prevent further degradation of our environment, and begin to reverse the damage that our increasingly industrialized society has already caused to the biosphere? We argue that plants with
African Journal of Food Science and Technology (2014)

Plant breeders are faced with the challenge that when desirable F1 hybrids are produced with low viable seed counts, the continuity of the breeding programme can be compromised. Hot peppers with very high pungency for culinary and pharmaceutical uses often experience good seed yield but with low viability and vigour. This experiment explored the application of air-layering using hormone treated sphagnum moss. After three (3) weeks, the results indicated an over 50% success rate. The F1 hybrids matured into plants with the same genotypic and physiological characteristics of the parent, and the breeding programme was successfully completed.
Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults (2001)

Passive smoking substantially reduced CFVR in healthy nonsmokers. This finding provides direct evidence that passive smoking may cause endothelial dysfunction of the coronary circulation in nonsmokers.
Clastogenic and Mutagenic Actions of Active Species Generated in the 6-Hydroxydopamine/Oxygen Reaction: Effects of Scavengers of Active Oxygen, Iron, and Metal Chelating Agents (1992)

A pro-oxidant triphenol, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), induced mutations in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 104 tester strain (over the concentration range to 800 microM), and induced chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at lower concentrations (up to 90 microM). It was however only marginally mutagenic (up to cytotoxic levels of 200 microM) in the TA102 tester strain. Clastogenicity in the more sensitive CHO cell assay was mediated by activated oxygen. Superoxide dismutase decreased the incidence of chromosomal aberrations by 60% and catalase (or superoxide dismutase plus catalase) decreased the incidence to control levels. The clastogenicity of 6-OHDA was dependent upon unsequestered transition metal ions, since addition of EDTA plus desferrioxamine decreased chromosomal aberrations by 90%. The simplest explanation of the data is that genotoxicity is mediated by active species generated in a Fenton-type reaction between 6-OHDA and H2O2 catalyzed by traces of metals in the medium.
The Missing Link of Madeline Hunter (2001)

THEME ARTICLE I was recently forced to yet again endure the teaching of Madeline Hunter. Not only did I dread spending eight precious Saturdays indoors trying to learn something, I also have to admit that I'm not a big fan of Ms. Hunter. I find it almost comical that with every new discovery in education (outcome based education, graduation standards, Madeline Hunter, etc.), we learn that students learn best through hands-on skills, guided practice, and through using what they have learned. We have been doing all these things in our agricultural education classes since the beginning. But, fear not - my Saturdays were not wasted. In my efforts to show that I was smarter than Madeline Hunter, I may have found an area of education that even agricultural educators are missing. Any English teacher, speech professor, or agricultural instructor helping a student develop a speech, will tell you the first step in writing a speech or starting a presentation is to know your audience. Businesses spend thousands of dollars each year doing research in order to get information about their target audience. Ms. Hunter suggests making teaching decisions based on preassessment or what students know. But, she doesn't suggest we make our decisions based on what we know about our students. We cannot assume our students arrive to class ready and willing to learn. They have a wide range of activities competing for their time. I believe time spent learning about Generation Y is time well spent. According to Generations: The History of America's Future 1584 to 2069, Generation Y is media sophisticated, easily bored, willing to contribute and multi-task oriented. In addition, Generation Y requires communication that is spontaneous, contributory and interactive. Generation Y is quite demanding. Many times we feel more like entertainers than educators - if a student doesn't find a lesson interesting, he/she is less likely to learn. The research on Generation Y mirrors these points. Our students are demanding an interactive, spontaneous learning environment. However, they do believe knowledge is power and if they find a subject interesting they will be eager to learn. This is good news! With this, agricultural instructors have an advantage over our colleagues. We visit our student's homes. We know their families (brothers, sisters, parents, grandparents, sometimes more). We often know more about our students than we would like to, but do we think about all of these issues when preparing a lesson. …
Significant Frequencies of T Cells With Indirect Anti-Donor Specificity in Heart Graft Recipients With Chronic Rejection (2000)

iHTLf can be obtained from human transplant recipients, which supports the contention that the indirect pathway is involved in chronic transplant rejection.
THE USE OF PHYSICAL METHODS FOR PLANT GROWING STIMULATION IN BULGARIA (2007)

Different chemical additives are used for rising productivity of plants and animals. Their application causes the contamination of raw materials for food production with toxins that is dangerous for consumers’ health. On-farm safety for fresh produce needs developing and implementing new methods for quality assurance. The influence of physical factors as microwave and laser radiation, magnetic field and ultrasound treatment is an alternative of soil additives and fertilizers. The substitution of chemical amelioration by physical one can reduce the toxins in raw materials and thus – raise the food safety. The use of some physical factors (laser irradiation;
ultrasound influence; irradiation with microwave electromagnetic rays; magnetic field influence, gamma irradiation) for stimulation of seed vitality in Bulgarian agriculture has been discussed.
Autoantibodies in early breast cancer (2005)

549 Background: Immune responses to a number of tumour-associated antigens have been reported, although their suitability, individually, as diagnostic indicators has not been demonstrated. This study has taken a panel approach to demonstrate the diagnostic potential afforded by the detection of multiple auto-antibodies to known tumour-associated proteins. Methods: Auto-antibodies to MUC1, p53, c-myc and c-erbB2 were measured in serum, by ELISA, in five groups - normal controls (n = 100), primary breast cancer patients (PBC) (n = 200), patients with benign breast disease (n = 50), women deemed to be ‘at risk’ of breast cancer from whom serum samples had been taken at least 6 months prior to clinical diagnosis (n = 9) and patients with auto-immune disorders (n = 25). The value of adding other antigens eg BRCA1 and BRCA2 is currently being assessed. Results: Elevated levels of auto-antibodies were seen in 82% of PBC patients compared to normals. No significant differences were seen in overall detection when these patients were sub-divided either by detection methodology (screen-detected vs symptomatic presentation), lymph node status at diagnosis or menopausal status. Of those individuals with pre-diagnosis samples, 60% had elevated auto-antibodies: in this group, the lead-time for cancer detection with auto-antibodies, over clinical/ mammographic detection, ranged from 6 to 36 months. Conclusion: This study raises the possibility of using a combination of assays to detect auto-antibodies to cancer-associated antigens for screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer. While very interesting, these findings need to be confirmed in another group of patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration OncImmune OncImmune OncImmune
Pushing the Envelope for RGB-Based Dense 3D Hand Pose Estimation via Neural Rendering (2019)

Estimating 3D hand meshes from single RGB images is challenging, due to intrinsic 2D-3D mapping ambiguities and limited training data. We adopt a compact parametric 3D hand model that represents deformable and articulated hand meshes. To achieve the model fitting to RGB images, we investigate and contribute in three ways: 1) Neural rendering: inspired by recent work on human body, our hand mesh estimator (HME) is implemented by a neural network and a differentiable renderer, supervised by 2D segmentation masks and 3D skeletons. HME demonstrates good performance for estimating diverse hand shapes and improves pose estimation accuracies. 2) Iterative testing refinement: Our fitting function is differentiable. We iteratively refine the initial estimate using the gradients, in the spirit of iterative model fitting methods like ICP. The idea is supported by the latest research on human body. 3) Self-data augmentation: collecting sized RGB-mesh (or segmentation mask)-skeleton triplets for training is a big hurdle. Once the model is successfully fitted to input RGB images, its meshes i.e. shapes and articulations, are realistic, and we augment view-points on top of estimated dense hand poses. Experiments using three RGB-based benchmarks show that our framework offers beyond state-of-the-art accuracy in 3D pose estimation, as well as recovers dense 3D hand shapes. Each technical component above meaningfully improves the accuracy in the ablation study.
Inflammatory Cytokine Responses to Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Injection to the Vocal Fold Lamina Propria (2008)

A mild short-term inflammatory response was measured early after injection of a synthetic extracellular matrix into the vocal fold lamina propria.
[Phytotherapy in the treatment of functional disorders]. (2006)

Although functional cardiac and gastrointestinal disorders are common, standard treatment with chemically defined drugs is not always available. However, Phytotherapy offers a broad spectrum of well-tolerated preparations with either confirmed, or at least - based on the range of constituents - plausible, efficacy. Of importance for the successful outcome of such treatment is that it be oriented to the patient's symptoms. The physician should be in a position to counsel the patient accordingly. In many cases, phytotherapy may well be the treatment of first choice, but wherever there is a need for a change in lifestyle, this should be made clear to the patient.
Interim assessment of biodiversity enabling activities : national biodiversity strategies and action plans (1999)

This report describes the findings of an assessment of GEF-financed enabling activity projects for biodiversity conservation. These projects are mainly assisting recipient countries (1) to develop national biodiversity strategies and action plans as required by Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (the Convention) and (2) to complete their first national reports to the Conference of the Parties (COP) of the Convention. The progress made towards completing national biodiversity planning efforts varies significantly. Some countries have moved fairly quickly and, by early 1999, were about to finalize impressive national biodiversity strategies and action plans, based on in-depth consultations with key stakeholders, solid technical analysis of major issues, and careful development of a plan consisting of clearly defined and prioritized activities. In contrast, other countries have experienced significant start up delays, have not managed to consult widely, and seem to be developing action plans consisting mainly of projects requiring international funding. Very few countries have started implementing their action plans. The report notes that although notable and significant progress in biodiversity planning has indeed been made by many countries implementing enabling activities, the development and implementation of national biodiversity plans that can make a real difference to current rates of biodiversity loss, and the commitment and capacity to implement such plans, are still some way in the future. Thus, continued follow-up action by the countries and the Global Environment Facility is critical.
Structural Profiling and Quantification of Sphingomyelin in Human Breast Milk by HPLC-MS/MS (2011)

The sphingolipid composition of food as well as of physiological samples has received considerable interest due to their positive biological activities. This study quantified the total amount of sphingomyelin (SM) in 20 human breast milk samples from healthy volunteers and determined the structures of SM by detailed mass spectrometric studies in combination with enzymatic cleavage. The quantification of SM was performed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) measuring the characteristic fragment ion of the phosphorylcholine group at m/z 184.2 and by using hexanoylsphingomyelin (C6-SM) and heptadecanoylsphingomyelin (C17-SM) as internal standards. The structures of SM species were identified after enzymatic cleavage with alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase) to the corresponding ceramides. Structure elucidation of the sphingoid base and fatty acid backbone was performed by reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The method includes the sphingoid bases dihydrosphingosine (d18:0), sphingosine (d18:1(Δ4)), 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2(Δ4,8)), 4-hydroxysphinganine (phytosphingosine (t18:0)), and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (t18:1(Δ8)) and fatty acids with even-numbered carbon atoms (C12-C26) as well as their (poly)unsaturated and monohydroxylated analogues. The total amount of SM in human breast milk varied from 3.87 to 9.07 mg/100 g fresh weight. Sphingosine (d18:1) was the predominant sphingoid base, with 83.6 ± 3.5% in human breast milk, followed by 4,8-sphingadienine (d18:2) (7.2 ± 1.9%) and 4-hydroxysphinganine (t18:0) (5.7 ± 0.7%). The main SM species contained sphingosine and palmitic acid (14.9 ± 2.2%), stearic acid (12.7 ± 1.5%), docosanoic acid (16.2 ± 3.6%), and tetracosenoic acid (15.0 ± 3.1%). Interestingly, the fatty acid composition of SM species in this study differs from the total fatty acids in human breast milk, and the fatty acids are not consistently distributed among the different sphingoid bases.
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Response Properties in DC Current of Nd<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub>/4YSZ/Pt Element (1996)

The NOx response properties in dc current of an Nd2CuO4/Y2O3 (4mol%)-stabilized ZrO2 (4YSZ)/Pt element were investigated in both air and 5%O2-N2 mixed gas at 400°C. The current increased in proportion to the logarithm of NOx concentration, even when two electrodes were exposed to the same atmosphere. When Nd2CuO4 was used as the cathode, the ratio of current in NOx to that in carrier gas at 1V was larger for NO2 than that for NO and not affected by the variation of oxygen concentration within 5 to 20% in carrier gas. In contrast, when Pt was used as the cathode, the current ratio was dependent on the oxygen concentration. Impedance analysis showed decreases in resistance and capacitance at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces with the introduction of NOx gas. The possibility of a NOx gas sensor unaffected by ambient oxygen concentration was suggested.
On achievable service differentiation with token bucket marking for TCP (2000)

The Differentiated services (diffserv) architecture has been proposed as a scalable solution for providing service differentiation among flows without any per-flow buffer management inside the core of the network. It has been advocated that it is feasible to provide service differentiation among a set of flows by choosing an appropriate “marking profile” for each flow. In this paper, we examine (i) whether it is possible to provide service differentiation among a set of TCP flows by choosing appropriate marking profiles for each flow, (ii) under what circumstances, the marking profiles are able to influence the service that a TCP flow receives, and, (iii) how to choose a correct profile to achieve a given service level. We derive a simple, and yet accurate, analytical model for determining the achieved rate of a TCP flow when edge-routers use “token bucket” packet marking and core-routers use active queue management for preferential packet dropping. From our study, we observe three important results: (i) the achieved rate is not proportional to the assured rate, (ii) it is not always possible to achieve the assured rate and, (iii) there exist ranges of values of the achieved rate for which token bucket parameters have no influence. We find that it is not easy to regulate the service level achieved by a TCP flow by solely setting the profile parameters. In addition, we derive conditions that determine when the bucket size influences the achieved rate, and rates that can be achieved and those that cannot. Our study provides insight for choosing appropriate token bucket parameters for the achievable rates.