gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Sol-Gel Processing to Preparation of High Temperature Superconducting Materials (1988)

Preparation of high temperature superconducting oxide YBa2Cu307_x through sol-gel method has been described.Two kinds of precursors for YBa2Cu307 _X have been presented; an aqueous solution of metal acetates and a triethanolamine solution of metal alkoxides.Analysis of phases formed on heat-treatment of the acetate-derived gel has shown that YBa2Cu3O7_X phase is formed at lower temperatures than in the conventional powder-route method and superconductors with critical temperature of zero resistivity higher than 90 K can be obtained in a short time without repeated grinding and calcination.Gel fibers can be drawn from the acetate-derived viscous sol, and heat treatment of the gel fibers results in formation of superconducting ceramic fibers with a hollow structure.The metal alkoxide solution is shown to be used as a precursor for superconducting coating films.Repeated application of the solution on a zirconia substrate and annealing the film under flowing 02 gives superconducting film of 7 ,um in thickness.
Dysregulation of Presynaptic Calcium and Synaptic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (2010)

The 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is characterized by cognitive decline and increased risk of psychiatric disorders, mainly schizophrenia. The molecular mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in cognitive symptoms of 22q11DS are poorly understood. Here, we report that a mouse model of 22q11DS, the Df(16)1/+ mouse, exhibits substantially enhanced short- and long-term synaptic plasticity at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses, which coincides with deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. These changes are evident in mature but not young animals. Electrophysiological, two-photon imaging and glutamate uncaging, and electron microscopic assays in acute brain slices showed that enhanced neurotransmitter release but not altered postsynaptic function or structure caused these changes. Enhanced neurotransmitter release in Df(16)1/+ mice coincided with altered calcium kinetics in CA3 presynaptic terminals and upregulated sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase type 2 (SERCA2). SERCA inhibitors rescued synaptic phenotypes of Df(16)1/+ mice. Thus, presynaptic SERCA2 upregulation may be a pathogenic event contributing to the cognitive symptoms of 22q11DS.
Comparison of DC electric field and tapered wiggler free electron laser efficiency enhancement schemes (1985)

A constant parameter wiggler free electron laser using a dc electric field for efficiency enhancement is compared to several tapered wiggler efficiency enhancement schemes. Analytical expressions for the efficiency in the plane wave, infinitesimally small radius electron beam limit are derived and compared. Numerical simulations for a Gaussian radiation field and finite radius electron beam with an output radiation wavelength of 2 μm are presented. For finite radius electron beams, the extraction efficiency using a dc electric field is somewhat greater than or equal to that using proposed tapering schemes. While the dc field offers flexibility in efficient, tunable laser design, the required field strengths for visible radiation are in the megavolt/meter range.
Superresolution in total internal reflection tomography (2005)

We simulate a total internal reflection tomography experiment in which an unknown object is illuminated by evanescent waves and the scattered field is detected along several directions. We propose a full-vectorial three-dimensional nonlinear inversion scheme to retrieve the map of the permittivity of the object from the scattered far-field data. We study the role of the solid angle of illumination, the incident polarization, and the position of the prism interface on the resolution of the images. We compare our algorithm with a linear inversion scheme based on the renormalized Born approximation and stress the importance of multiple scattering in this particular configuration. We analyze the sensitivity to noise and point out that using incident propagative waves together with evanescent waves improves the robustness of the reconstruction.
Expression of genes encoding the E2 and E3 components of the <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the stoichiometry of subunit interaction in assembly <i>in vitro</i> (1998)

Genes encoding the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) multienzyme complex from Bacillus stearothermophilus were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The E2 component was purified as a large soluble aggregate (molecular mass > 1 x 10(6) Da) with the characteristic 532 symmetry of an icosahedral (60-mer) structure, and the E3 as a homodimer with a molecular mass of 110 kDa. The recombinant E2 component in vitro was capable of binding either 60 E3(alpha2) dimers or 60 heterotetramers (alpha2beta2) of the pyruvate decarboxylase (E1) component (also the product of B. stearothermophilus genes overexpressed in E. coli). Assembling the E2 polypeptide chain into the icosahedral E2 core did not impose any restriction on the binding of E1 or E3 to the peripheral subunit-binding domain in each E2 chain. This has important consequences for the stoichiometry of the assembled complex in vivo. The lipoyl domain of the recombinant E2 protein was found to be unlipoylated, but it could be correctly post-translationally modified in vitro using a recombinant lipoate protein ligase from E. coli. The lipoylated E2 component was able to bind recombinant E1 and E3 components in vitro to generate a PDH complex with a catalytic activity comparable with that of the wild-type enzyme. Reversible unfolding of the recombinant E2 and E3 components in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride was possible in the absence of chaperonins, with recoveries of enzymic activities of 95% and 85%, respectively. However, only 26% of the E1 enzyme activity was recovered under the same conditions as a result of irreversible denaturation of both E1alpha and E1beta. This represents the first complete post-translational modification and assembly of a fully active PDH complex from recombinant proteins in vitro.
Optimization Studies of Multistress Spirulina Isolated from Marine Water (2020)

The growth parameters of all the three isolated Spirulina strains such as optical density, cell population, specific growth rate and doubling time of isolated Spirulina strains were studied in Zarrouk’s medium. A. The SpirulinaS1 strain showed highest growth in terms of optical density value at 560nm (1.870), cell population (5.30 CFU ml-1), specific growth rate (0.038 and doubling time (18.23) on 30th day. The effects of temperature, pH, light intensity and salinity on growth of Spirulina strains (S1, S2, and S3) and reference strain (CAS10) were determined in Zarrouk’s medium. The optimum temperature for the growth of all Spirulina strains was found to be 35°C followed by 40°C and 30°C. The highest biomass (0.308 mg ml-1) were recorded in Spirulina-S1 strain at 35°C.
Novel MQW electroabsorption modulator/DFB-laser integrated device grown by selective area MOCVD (1992)

The low chirping characteristics of an external modulator integrated distributed-feedback (DFB) laser make the device very attractive for use in long-distance multigigabit dispersive optical fiber transmission systems.1,2 So far, based on the quantum size effect, multiquantum well (MQW) structures have drastically improved characteristics of both lasers and modulators. However, monolithic integration of MQW devices has been difficult, because optical coupling between different MQW waveguides was not too efficient using current regrowth techniques.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Dietary Phytochemicals (2006)

This book provides a critical analysis of the current scientific, epidemiological, and clinical research on the health benefits of plant-based foods and dietary phytochemicals. Designed to aid the health professional in the clinical setting, the book provides highly practical information for understanding the sources of dietary and supplementary phytochemicals, as well as their nutrient interactions, drug interactions, and possible adverse effects. Features: An overview of the health benefits of plant foods and beverages, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, coffee, and tea Current clinical and scientific evidence of the health benefits of individual dietary phytochemicals and classes of phytochemicals, including carotenoids, flavonoids, fiber, and more Concise bullet-point summaries at the end of each chapter for rapid review of important concepts Peer-reviewed by experts in the field to ensure material is both accurate and up-to-date Easy-to-read appendices with key information on the dietary glycemic index of foods, diseases, drug interactions, nutrient interactions, and phytochemical-rich foods Evidence-based information with extensive lists of references in each chapter With an emphasis on the importance of consuming phytochemical-rich foods, rather than dietary supplements, this book answers the needs of nutritionists, dietitians, nurses, and other health care professionals for a comprehensive text that will help them educate patients about healthy diets. Students in graduate programs in nutrition, food science, pharmacy, and allied health fields will also benefit from the wealth of information provided in this book.
Reduced Eccentric Loading of the Knee with the Pose Running Method (2004)

Pose running was associated with shorter stride lengths, smaller vertical oscillations of the sacrum and left heel markers, a neutral ankle joint at initial contact, and lower eccentric work and power absorption at the knee than occurred in either midfoot or heel-toe running. The possibility that such gait differences could be associated with different types and frequencies of running injuries should be evaluated in controlled clinical trails.
Reliability of a-Si:H TFTs and Copper Interconnect Lines for Flexible Electronics (2008)

Mechanical bending effects on two important components, i.e., amorphous silicon thin film transistors and copper interconnect lines, for the flexible electronics were studied. The deterioration of the thin film transistor's performance was dependent on the bending direction, i.e., more serious along the drain current flow direction than perpendicular to the drain current flow direction. The copper line's lifetime was drastically reduced, e.g., from 30 years without bending to 7.7 years with bending. The thin film transistor damage can be reduced with the proper layout design. Therefore, the interconnect line will be a critical factor affecting the product's reliability.
Pressure-Dependent Induced Fracture Complexity or Natural Fracture Contribution Evaluation in Unconventional Reservoirs: How to Assure Their Long-Term Benefit (2016)

Abstract Induced fracture complexity or natural fracture contribution to the productivity or hydrocarbon recovery optimization of unconventional reservoirs is fully accepted in the industry but not properly quantified, especially for complex environments where the high induced stresses can affect their shortor long-term conductivity and benefit. With respect to an unconventional reservoir’s matrix permeability, induced fracture complexity or existing natural fracture conductivity can also be pressure-dependent, which will drastically affect well productivity if an operator does not properly consider permeability, complexity, and conductivity during the well-completion stage. If the pressure-dependent induced fracture complexity is packed as much as possible with small proppant or a microproppant system during the well-completion stage to assure its conductivity, the induced complexity will have a positive impact on well productivity; otherwise, only the stimulation fluid efficiency will be affected. Conversely, for existing pressure-dependent natural fractures, proper or limited packing is required to help minimize the negative impact of overpacking the open natural fractures and altering their original conductivity. Considering the different completion scenarios and inclusion of small proppants or a microproppant system in the stimulation process, this paper quantifies the inherent benefits of the pressure-dependent induced fracture complexity and pressure-dependent natural fractures by performing numerous reservoir simulations of unconventional gas reservoirs.
Variable-State Methods of Measuring the Thermal Properties of Solids (1964)

Two variable-state methods have been developed which both offer the advantage of producing negligible thermal disturbance in a solid during measurement. The first is a curve-fitting method. It makes use of the fact that the initial temperature rise, due to a constant flux plane heat source, at points within a certain region of a finite solid is essentially the same as that in an infinite solid. Temperature records obtained from such points thus can be analyzed with the assumption of linear heat flow, and used for calculating all thermal properties of the solid. The second is a pulse method. If a hot or cold pulse is applied to a plane surface of a specimen, the rise or drop of temperature at some distance from the surface will pass through a maximum; from the time of the maximum the thermal diffusivity can be calculated. The main advantage of this method is the ease of specimen preparation.
Femtosecond laser polymerization of hybrid/integrated micro-optical elements and their characterization (2010)

The femtosecond laser-induced multi-photon polymerization of a zirconium–silicon based sol–gel photopolymer was employed for the fabrication of a series of micro-optical elements with single and combined optical functions: convex and Fresnel lenses, gratings, solid immersion lenses on a glass slide and on the tip of an optical fiber. The microlenses were produced as polymer caps of varying radii from 10 to 90 µm. The matching of refractive indices between the polymer and substrate was exploited for the creation of composite glass-resist structures which functioned as single lenses. Using this principle, solid immersion lenses were fabricated and their performance demonstrated. The magnification of the composite solid immersion lenses corresponded to the calculated values. The surface roughness of the lenses was below ~ 30 nm, acceptable for optical applications in the visible range. In addition, the integration of micro-optical elements onto the tip of an optical fiber was demonstrated. To increase the efficiency of the 3D laser polymerization, the lenses were formed by scanning only the outer shell and polymerizing the interior by exposure to UV light.
Numerical study of a linear accelerator using laser-generated proton beams as a source (2008)

The injection of laser-generated protons through conventional drift tube linear accelerators (linacs) has been studied numerically. For this, we used the parameters of the proton source produced by ultraintense lasers, i.e., with an intrinsic high beam quality. The numerical particle tracing code PARMELA [L. M. Young and J. H. Billen, LANL Report No. LA-UR-96-1835, 2004] is then used to inject experimentally measured laser-generated protons with energies of 7±0.1 MeV and rms un-normalized emittance of 0.180 mm mrad into one drift tube linac tank that accelerated them to more than 14 MeV. The simulations exhibit un-normalized emittance growths of 8 in x direction and 22.6 in y direction, with final emittances lower than those produced using conventional sources, allowing a potential luminosity gain for the final beam. However, the simulations also exhibit a limitation in the allowed injected proton charge as, over 0.112 mA, space charge effect worsens significantly the beam emittance.
Etymological Aspects of Ambiguity in Arabic Language and its impact on the translation of the Holy Quran (2015)

We can divide ambiguity in etymological structures of the Arabic language in two types: 1-Ambiguities that might arise, but have been prevented by taking some tact. 2- Structures that are potentially produced ambiguity. Early scholars have named only the first case as ambiguity, because according to them, basically, understanding the meaning is done according to the context and this eliminates ambiguity. But in the new study, the second type is based on this research, is viewed as a serious ambiguity. These researches have often paid some of these aspects sporadically, but in this study, we have tried to provide a new theoretical framework and complete with mention two categories of the concepts of homonymy and polysemy. Also, in a comparative dimension, the study translations of the Holy Quran shows that this kind of ambiguity is very clear in translation for this purpose, after studying of etymological structures in the Arabic language, we determined those funds that are creating ambiguity and then, we analyzed translations of the Quran with computer softwares and we extracted samples. These funds are in a variety of words, such as verbs, nouns and letters. Of these, homonymy is eleven (11) and polysemy is eight (8). Accordingly, on the one hand, the translator must be aware of these structures compeletly and on the other hand, the translator must have the necessary vigilance to find evidence about linguistic and non-linguistic signs which indicate the intended meaning to give priority to a semantic aspect on the other side.
Novel Selective Allosteric Activator of the M<sub>1</sub>Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Regulates Amyloid Processing and Produces Antipsychotic-Like Activity in Rats (2008)

Recent studies suggest that subtype-selective activators of M(1)/M(4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) may offer a novel approach for the treatment of psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Previously developed muscarinic agonists have provided clinical data in support of this hypothesis, but failed in clinical development because of a lack of true subtype specificity and adverse effects associated with activation of other mAChR subtypes. We now report characterization of a novel highly selective agonist for the M(1) receptor with no agonist activity at any of the other mAChR subtypes, termed TBPB [1-(1'-2-methylbenzyl)-1,4'-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one]. Mutagenesis and molecular pharmacology studies revealed that TBPB activates M(1) through an allosteric site rather than the orthosteric acetylcholine binding site, which is likely critical for its unprecedented selectivity. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that activation of M(1) by TBPB potentiates NMDA receptor currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells but does not alter excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission, responses thought to be mediated by M(2) and M(4). TBPB was efficacious in models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity in rats at doses that did not produce catalepsy or peripheral adverse effects of other mAChR agonists. Finally, TBPB had effects on the processing of the amyloid precursor protein toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway and decreased Abeta production in vitro. Together, these data suggest that selective activation of M(1) may provide a novel approach for the treatment of symptoms associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
Islet-Cell Antibodies and Beta-Cell Function in Monozygotic Triplets and Twins Initially Discordant for Type I Diabetes Mellitus (1983)

Type I diabetes mellitus has until recently been considered a disease that has an acute onset and is characterized by the sudden appearance of metabolic abnormalities in previously "healthy" people. Recent studies have suggested that there is a latent period before the development of overt diabetes, during which islet-cell antibodies arc present.1 2 3 4 In an ongoing prospective study of "genetic prediabetes," conducted by one of us (J.S.S.) and co-workers at the Joslin Diabetes Center, a set of monozygotic triplets5 and a set of monozygotic twins initially discordant for Type I diabetes were identified. These patients were unique in that their beta-cell . . .
Drogas emergentes (III): plantas y hongos alucinógenos (2013)

An increase in the consumption of vegetable substances with a hallucinogenic effect has been observed. Some of these substances are associated with ancestral religious ceremonies, while many of them are legal or are partially regulated. Salvia divinorum is a powerful kappa receptor agonist, with dissociative and hallucinogenic properties, which start quickly and have a short duration. Kratom (Mytragyna speciosa) has mitragynine as its principal alkaloid, with stimulating effects at low doses (coke-like effect), and sedative effects (opiate-like effect) at high doses. Several deaths from its consumption have been detected. The consumption of hallucinogenic mushrooms appears in cyclic form, although there has been increase in their online offer. They are consumed in search of their hallucinogenic effects, above all those belonging to the family of psilocybes, which contain tryptamines with a hallucinogenic effect similar to LSD. Peyote (Lophophora psilocybes), a cactus rich in mescaline (trimetoxifeniletilamina), produces hallucinations of the five senses, and forms part of the religious culture of the North American Indians. Daturas, which are ubiquitous, produce anticholinergic symptoms and effects on the central nervous system (delirium, hallucinations, etc.), due to their high atropine and scopolamine content. Other substances used for their hallucinogenic effects include the drink known as ayahuasca, and seeds for preparing infusions like Ololiuqui, Morning Glory (Ipomoea violacea), Hawaian Baby Woodrose (Argyreia nervosa), Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala) and Iboga Rootbark (Tabernanthe iboga).
Biodistribution of co-exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds in mice (2012)

In this work, technetium-99 (99mTc) was used as the radiolabeling isotope to study the biodistribution of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oMWCNTs) and/or nanodiamonds (NDs) in mice after intravenous administration. The histological impact of non-radiolabeled oMWCNTs or NDs was investigated in comparison to the co-exposure groups. 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials had high stability in vivo and fast clearance from blood. After a single injection of oMWCNTs, the highest distribution was found in the lungs, with lower uptake in the liver/spleen. As for NDs injected alone, high distribution in the liver, spleen, and lungs was observed right after. However, uptake in the lungs was decreased obviously after 24 h, while high accumulation in the liver or spleen continued. After co-injection of oMWCNTs and NDs, oMWCNTs significantly affected the distribution pattern of NDs in vivo. Meanwhile, the increasing dose of oMWCNTs decreased the hepatic and splenic accumulation of NDs and gradually increased lung retention. On the contrary, the NDs had no significant effects on the distribution of oMWCNTs in mice. Histological photographs showed that oMWCNTs were mainly captured by lung macrophages, and NDs were located in the bronchi and alveoli after co-administration. oMWCNTs and NDs had different modes of micro-cells. In conclusion, the behavior and fate of NDs in mice depended strongly on oMWCNTs, but NDs had a small influence on the biodistribution and excretion pattern of oMWCNTs.
Architectural support for synchronous task communication (1989)

This paper describes the motivation for a set of intertask communication primitives, the hardware support of these primitives, the architecture used in the Sylvan project which studies these issues, and the experience gained from various experiments conducted in this area. We start by describing how these facilities have been implemented in a multiprocessor configuration that utilizes a shared backplane. This configuration represents a single node in the system. The latter part of the paper discusses a distributed multiple node system and the extension of the primitives that are used in this expanded environment. This research is funded by a strategic grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. G1581).