gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water-Based Magnetic Fluids as Extractants for Synthetic Organic Compounds (2002)

This paper describes a class of water-based magnetic fluids that are specifically tailored to extract soluble organic compounds from water. These magnetic fluids are prepared by precipitation and consist of a suspension of ∼7.5 nm magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with a ∼9 nm bifunctional polymer layer comprised of an outer hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) region for colloidal stability and an inner hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) region for solubilization of organic compounds. The particles exhibit a high capacity for organic solutes, with partition coefficients between the polymer coating and water on the order of 103−105, which is consistent with values reported for solubilization of these organics in PEO−PPO−PEO block copolymer micelles. In bench-scale experiments, high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is able to recover the nanoparticles with 98% efficiency. Process options for particle regeneration in water purification applications are discussed.
Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears (1995)

In this study, 33 patients with full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff were given a supervised nonoperative program of rotator strengthening exercises and then were seen at followup an average of 3.8 years later. Of the 14 patients who were dissatisfied with nonoperative care, 12 eventually had opted for surgery and 2 were dissatisfied with their status at followup. In attempting to identify patients who would benefit from nonoperative care, the authors were unable to show that individual parameters such as rotator strength, symptom duration, or functional impairment were useful to predict outcome. However, it was found that those who have an insurance claim or who experience significant sleep loss due to shoulder pain are unlikely to be satisfied with nonoperative treatment. Patient satisfaction with nonoperative treatment is best correlated with improved pain relief, the ability to carry a 10- to 15-pound suitcase at one's side, the ability to use the arm at shoulder level, and the ability to eat using a utensil. Objective variables such as rotator strength and active motion are not correlated with ultimate patient satisfaction.
Generalized time warping for multi-modal alignment of human motion (2012)

Temporal alignment of human motion has been a topic of recent interest due to its applications in animation, telerehabilitation and activity recognition among others. This paper presents generalized time warping (GTW), an extension of dynamic time warping (DTW) for temporally aligning multi-modal sequences from multiple subjects performing similar activities. GTW solves three major drawbacks of existing approaches based on DTW: (1) GTW provides a feature weighting layer to adapt different modalities (e.g., video and motion capture data), (2) GTW extends DTW by allowing a more flexible time warping as combination of monotonic functions, (3) unlike DTW that typically incurs in quadratic cost, GTW has linear complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that GTW can efficiently solve the multi-modal temporal alignment problem and outperforms state-of-the-art DTW methods for temporal alignment of time series within the same modality.
Clinical report: Laser myocardial revascularization (1986)

A significant number of patients with ischemic heart disease are not candidates for coronary artery bypass or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and do not respond to medical management. This group includes those who have diffuse coronary artery disease, those with poor ventricular function, and those who have had poor results from previous surgery. Developing a method to directly revascularize the myocardium by creating channels through the ventricular wall has challenged many investigators. Early methods, including needle acupuncture, were successful in the acute phase, but long-term patency could not be achieved. Closure of the channels was due to fibrosis and scarring. Experiments in our laboratory demonstrated that myocardial channels, made with the CO2 laser, remained patent up to five years. Histopathologic examination of the channels showed minimal damage to the surrounding cells in the acute phase. Studies at intervals of two months to two years showed patent endothelialized channels, with no evidence of fibrosis. Channels created in the myocardium protected the ventricle against an ischemic event when the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was ligated. Clinical experience with direct myocardial revascularization by CO2 laser indicates it may be a viable method of treating those patients with ischemic heart disease who are not candidates for other forms of management. The treatment and early postoperative follow-up in one patient are described.
Digestion of barley starch granules by the combined action of .ALPHA.- and .BETA.-amylases purified from barley and barley malt. (1978)

α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) were isolated and purified, each to a state free from contaminating enzymes, from the barley malt and ungerminated barley grains, respectively. Starch granules, isolated from the same sources, served as substrates to study the mode of action of amylases on the digestion of starch granules in vitro. β-Amylase alone had a very small activity on starch granules and formed maltose as a sole digestion product. α-Amylase played a major role in the digestion of starch granules and the combined action of α- and β-amylases was more effective than the action of α-amylase alone, but was less effective, on the same enzyme activity basis, than the crude extract from barley malt, which was thought to represent in vitro the enzyme system for the digestion of starch granules in the germinating barley grains. The possible roles to be played by a debranching enzyme, α-glucosidase and/or glucosyl- or glucanotransferases are discussed.
GaN based High Frequency Inverter for Energy Storage Applications. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Costimulation blockade: towards clinical application (2007)

Organ transplantation is an increasingly successful therapy for many forms of organ failure, but its success depends upon drug therapies to prevent immunologic destruction of the transplanted organ also known as rejection. Most therapies designed to prevent rejection alter the immune system in a rather broad, antigen independent way, and thus alter protective immunity as well as immune responses directed against the transplanted organ. Over the past 3 decades, however, it has been realized that a class of surface molecules known as costimulatory receptors are required to generate a fully productive immune response, and that blockade of these receptors during allo-antigen recognition can be used to influence the immune system's future response to that particular allo-antigen. Costimulation blockade has thus been developed as a specific field of interest towards achieving improved antigen specific control over transplant rejection while minimizing broad attenuation of protective immunity seen with conventional immunosuppressives. This field has grown rapidly in the past decade and is now poised to become a valuable therapeutic option for transplant clinicians. This review will outline the basic premise of costimulation biology, review the seminal experimental basis for its use in preventing organ rejection, and discuss the relevant data derived from its initial use in clinical transplant trials. Specific attention will be focused on two major costimulatory pathways, the CD28/CD80-CD86 and the CD40-CD154 pathways, and the clinically applicable data supporting their validity as therapeutic targets. Newly discovered costimulatory pathways will also be discussed as potential therapeutic targets for future clinical drugs.
Research on the Failure Prediction of Electrical Connectors at High Temperature (2014)

This paper mainly studies one kind of failure prediction method on electrical connectors at high temperature. One scheme of high temperature reliability test was provided based on the theory of constant stress accelerated life test. The test device was designed; the test data was analyzed. It can be seen that 1) both the absolute change and the relative change of contact resistance are small for each temperature stress; 2) there is a tendency toward slightly higher value of contact resistance for each low temperature stress; 3) the higher the test temperature stress, the larger the value of contact resistance, but the difference in contact resistance is not very big. 4) The data prediction method such as the gray theory model is helpful for rapid failure prediction of electrical connectors at high temperature.
2017 standard for specifications for refrigerant. (2017)

The purpose of this standard is to establish purity specifications, to verify composition, and to specify the associated methods of testing for acceptability of the refrigerants listed in Section 2.1 regardless of source (new, reclaimed and/or repackaged) for use in new and existing refrigeration and air-conditioning products within the scope of AHRI. This standard is intended for the guidance of the industry including manufacturers, reclaimers, repackagers, distributors, installers, servicemen, contractors and users of fluorocarbon, hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide containing refrigerants.
Gas Chromatographic and Spectral Properties of Penta-fluorobenzyl Derivatives of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Phenolic Pesticides and Metabolites (1990)

Eleven phenols and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, compounds that may be found in body fluids of humans exposed to pesticides, are derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and characterized by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. These derivatives are further characterized by positive and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Negative chemical ionization mass spectra of all derivatives have an anionic base peak derived from the parent analyte. In the positive mode the nonchlorinated derivatives have base peaks indicative of the analyte, while chlorinated derivatives are cleaved to give the pentafluorobenzyl cation as base peak. The possibility is explored that ortho-substituted phenols might be formed as byproducts in these derivatizations.
Work conditions and mental health among prison staff in France (1996)

The results show that, in our sample, the factors concerning the subjective evaluation of work conditions and social support were more closely related to mental disorders than work conditions. In addition, seniority was associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety among the men.
Heterologous Antigen Selection of Camelid Heavy Chain Single Domain Antibodies against Tetrabromobisphenol A (2014)

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a ubiquitous flame retardant. A high-throughput immunoassay would allow for monitoring of human and environmental exposures as a part of risk assessment. Naturally occurring antibodies in camelids that are devoid of light chain, show great promise as an efficient tool in monitoring environmental contaminants, but they have been rarely used for small molecules. An alpaca was immunized with a TBBPA hapten coupled to thyroglobulin and a variable domain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) T3-15 highly selective for TBBPA was isolated from a phage displayed VHH library using heterologous coating antigens. Compared to the VHHs isolated using homologous antigens, VHH T3-15 had about a 10-fold improvement in sensitivity in an immunoassay. This assay, under the optimized conditions of 10% methanol in the assay buffer (pH 7.4), had an IC50 for TBBPA of 0.40 ng mL(-1) and negligible cross reactivity (<0.1%) with other tested analogues. After heating the VHH at 90 °C for 90 min about 20% of the affinity for coating antigen T3-BSA remained. The recoveries of TBBPA from spiked soil and fetal bovine serum samples ranged from 90.3% to 110.7% by ELISA and agreed well with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. We conclude the many advantages of VHH make them attractive for the development of immunoassays to small molecules.
Cyclic Dimethylsiloxanes as Pseudo Crown Ethers: Syntheses and Characterization of Li(Me<sub>2</sub>SiO)<sub>5</sub>[Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>4</sub>], Li(Me<sub>2</sub>SiO)<sub>6</sub>[Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>4</sub>], and Li(Me<sub>2</sub>SiO)<sub>6</sub>[Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Ph}<sub>4</sub>] (2006)

An unexpected guest: The salts LiD5[AlF], LiD6[AlF], and LiD6[AlPhF] (Dn=(Me2SiO)n; [AlF]=Al{OC(CF3)3}4; [AlPhF]=Al{OC(CF3)2Ph}4) are the first host–guest complexes to be synthesized directly from cyclic dimethylsiloxanes, alkali-metal ions, and weakly coordinating anions. Their experimental and calculated structures imply that the cyclic dimethylsiloxanes act as pseudo crown ethers (see structure of [LiD6]+).
Single-dose famciclovir for the treatment of herpes labialis (2006)

Single-dose famciclovir appears to be an effective, convenient therapy for recurrent herpes labialis. The convenience of single-dose therapy may lead to better overall management of the condition.
Electrochemical Performances of Lithium-air Cell with Carbon Materials (2010)

This study investigates the requirements of lithium-air cathodes, which directly influence discharge capacity. The cathodes of Li-air cell are made by using five different carbon materials, such as Ketjen black EC600JD, Super P, Ketjen black EC300JD, Denka black, and Ensaco 250G. The Ketjen black EC600JD provides discharge capacity of 2600 mAh/g per carbon weight, while that of Ensaco 250G shows only 579 mAh/g. To figure out the differences of discharge capacity from carbon materials, their surface area and pore volume are analyzed. These are found out to be the critical factors in determining discharge capacity. Furthermore, carbon loading on Ni foam and amounts of electrolyte are significant factors that affect discharge capacity. In order to investigate catalyst effect, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is incorporated and delivered 4307 mAh/g per carbon weight. This infers that EMD facilitates to break <TEX>$O_2$</TEX> interactions and leads to enhance discharge capacity.
Localized Chemical Bonding (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Covalent Bonding1 Multiple Valence Hybridization Multiple Bonds Photoelectron Spectroscopy Electronic Structures of Molecules Electronegativity Dipole Moment Inductive and Field Effects Bond Distances52 Bond Angles Bond Energies88,89
Effects of Microstructure and Cell Geometry on Performance of Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filters (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cordierite has been the cost-effective material of choice for diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for heavy duty vehicles due to its combination of excellent thermal shock resistance, filtration efficiency, and durability under most operating conditions. However, it has been observed that under some conditions of uncontrolled regeneration at moderately high soot loading, localized regions of melting in cordierite DPF bodies can occur.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A new cordierite monolithic diesel particulate filter has been developed for medium and heavy duty trucks for OEM and retrofit applications. Through modification in pore microstructure and filter cell geometry, this new DPF provides improved survivability during uncontrolled regenerations, reduced pressure drop, and improved thermal shock resistance and strength.</div>
Real-time Visual Tracking under Arbitrary Illumination Changes (2007)

In this paper, we investigate how to improve the robustness of visual tracking methods with respect to generic lighting changes. We propose a new approach to the direct image alignment of either Lambertian or non-Lambertian objects under shadows, inter-reflections, glints as well as ambient, diffuse and specular reflections which may vary in power, type, number and space. The method is based on a proposed model of illumination changes together with an appropriate geometric model of image motion. The parameters related to these models are obtained through an efficient second-order optimization technique which minimizes directly the intensity discrepancies. Comparison results with existing direct methods show significant improvements in the tracking performance. Extensive experiments confirm the robustness and reliability of our method.
Nuevo Modelo para la Determinación del Factor de Fricción en el régimen de flujo turbulento: New Model for Determining the Friction Factor in turbulent flow regime (2011)

In this work presents the continuity results of the research conducted , in the Studies Center of Combustion and Energy, belonging to the Faculty of Chemical and Mechanical Engineering, in the University of Matanzas, essentially based on the determination of the friction factor inside pipes. In this, it is obtained a new no dimensional model for determining friction factor that allow required precision without a complex analysis system. The research was done with a regression analysis between friction factor and Reynolds number, relative roughness using experimental data reported by different authors, establishing comparison with the most precise model known: the transcendental equation from Colebrook, concluding that between new model and the most universally used there are not signified differences without is lightly better.
Porphyria and Porphyrin Metabolism (1990)

Porphyrins, their reduced congeners (porphyrinogens), and their precursors are accumulated and excreted in excessive amounts in the porphyrias because of defects in the enzymes of heme biosynthesis. The nature of these defects is being defined using biochemical and molecular biological techniques. The principal clinical manifestations in the porphyrias, photocutaneous lesions and neurological dysfunction, are linked to the biochemical abnormalities, and appropriate therapeutic interventions have accordingly been developed. The exogenous administration of metalloporphyrins and porphyrin derivatives, unlike the harmful effects of porphyrins in the porphyrias, may be of use in some clinical conditions, such as the treatment of hyperbilirubinemic states and the detection and therapy of certain cancers.
A statistical dialog manager for the LUNA project (2009)

In this paper, we present an approach for the development of a statistical dialog manager, in which the system response is selected by means of a classification process which considers all the previous history of the dialog to select the next system response. In particular, we use decision trees for its implementation. The statistical model is automatically learned from training data which are labeled in terms of different SLU features. This methodology has been applied to develop a dialog manager within the framework of the European LUNA project, whose main goal is the creation of a robust natural spoken language understanding system. We present an evaluation of this approach for both human machine and human-human conversations acquired in this project. We demonstrate that a statistical dialog manager developed with the proposed technique and learned from a corpus of human-machine dialogs can successfully infer the task-related topics present in spontaneous humanhuman dialogs.
Brain high‐energy phosphates and creatine kinase synthesis rate under graded isoflurane anesthesia: An in vivo <sup>31</sup>P magnetization transfer study at 11.7 tesla (2014)

This study demonstrated the (31) P FAST measurement of creatine kinase rate of ATP synthesis in rat brain with reasonable temporal resolution. Different isoflurane levels commonly used in animal models significantly alter the CK reaction rate but not ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 1-Methoxy-6-nitroindole (2001)

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-methoxy-6-nitroindole (1) was examined.In the reaction with sodium methoxide or sodium cyanide as a nucleophile, 2-and 3-methoxy-6-nitroindoles, and 7-cyano-6-nitroindole were obtained, respectively.A novel methylene homologation at the 3-position was found in the reaction of 1 with sodium methyl sulfide or potassium salt of diethyl malonate to give 3-methylthiomethyl-6-nitroindole and its 2-methylthio derivative, and diethyl 2-(6-nitroindol-3-yl)methylmalonate, respectively.Possible reaction mechanism is discussed.1-Hydroxyindoles are interesting compounds.2 They undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions and provide various kinds of products depending on the structures of substrates, nucleophiles, and reaction conditions.3 In this paper, we have focused our attention to the reactivity of 1-methoxy-6-nitroindole (1) with an expectation that nucleophilic substitution would occur more readily than other 1-methoxyindoles owing to the presence of a strong electron withdrawing nitro group on the indole nucleus.According to our previous synthetic method, 4 1 was prepared by the following sequence of reactions as shown in Scheme 1: 1) nitration of indoline 5 (2) with H 2 SO 4 and NaNO 3 giving 6-nitroindoline (3) in 92% yield, 2) oxidation of 3 with NaWO 4 •2H 2 O and 30% H 2 O 2 affording 1-hydroxy-6-nitroindole 4 (4) in 79% yield, and 3) methylation of 4 with Me 2 SO 4 and K 2 CO 3 or CH 2 N 2 providing 1 in 100 and 96% yields, respectively.The reaction of 1 with NaOMe in refluxing DMF afforded 6-nitroindole 6 (5), 2-methoxy-( 6), and 3methoxy-6-nitroindoles (7) in 57, 22, and 6% yields, respectively.The result suggested that 2-and/or 3cyanoindoles could be obtained when NaCN was used as a nucleophile.To our surprise, in fact, the reaction of 1 with NaCN in DMF-H 2 O at reflux produced 7-cyano-6-nitroindole (8) and 5 as isolable products in 15 and 4% yields, respectively, together with tarry matter.Indoles having a cyano group at other positions were not detected at all.When the reaction was carried out in DMSO at 150°C, only demethoxylation occurred to give 5 in 62% yield.Upon reaction of 1 with diethyl malonate using KOtBu as a base in DMF at reflux, an interesting methylene homologation reaction took place at the 3-position instead of simple nucleophilic substitution reaction.Thus, diethyl 2-(6-nitroindol-3-yl)methylmalonate ( 9) was obtained in 38% yield in addition to 5 in 47% yield.When KH was used as a base, the yield of 9 was slightly improved to 40% together with 5
Amorphization processes in ion implanted Si: Ion species effects (1992)

Amorphization processes in Si+, P+, Ge+, and As+ ion implanted Si have been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with computer simulations of the initial ion-beam-induced damage profiles. The crystal Si Raman peak at 520 cm−1 decreased, broadened, and shifted toward lower wave numbers as the doses were increased from 2 to 8×1014 cm−2 for both 100 keV Si+ and P+, and from 0.6 to 1.8×1014 cm−2 for both 175 keV Ge+ and As+. The maximum peak shifts prior to amorphization were ∼−6 cm−1 in all the samples suggesting that lattice softening is responsible for amorphization in all the ion species cases. The effects of ion species were analyzed by scaling the ion dose using calculated displacements per target atom (DPA). It was found that larger DPA was necessary to obtain the same peak shifts in the Si+ and P+ than in the Ge+ and As+ implantation cases. The results suggest that amorphization is controlled by divacancies generated by ion bombardment.