gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum Disulfide-Conducting Polymer Composite Structures for Electrochemical Biosensor Applications (2016)

Lactic acid is widely existing in human bodies, animals and microorganisms. Recently, using biosensor to detect the concentration of lactic acid and diagnose disease have attracted great research and development interests. Nanocomposites is one of the best material used for biosensor because their wonderful conductivity, optical and electrochemical properties. In the study, MoS2 and polypyrrole (PPY) are used for the composite material electrode. To determine whether lactate oxidase (LOD) was helpful for the biosensor’s detective properties, both PPY-MoS2 film with LOD and PPY-MoS2 film without LOD are being tested. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques have been used to understand the chemical bonds in the nanocomposite film. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been performed to understand the crystallographic structure of the MoS2 -PPY film. The morphologies were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-vis spectroscopy has been used to determine the band structure of composite film. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyze in different concentration of solution, under different scan rate to obtain stability and work efficiency. These results were compared with PPY-MoS2 film with and without lactate oxidase conditions. The chronoamperometric technique has been used to detect the concentration of lactic acid.
Positive scale factor correction in the laser gyro (1977)

Unlike what was expected, a measurement of the scale factor in the laser gyro as a function of rotation showed it to increase with decreasing rate. At low rates the scale factor peaked and then rapidly dropped to zero at the lock-in threshold. The height of the maximum was found to increase and the width to decrease with operation of the laser closer to lasing threshold. The height varied between 0.003 and 0.3 percent of the nominal scale factor and the half-width varied between 5 and 45 deg/s. A theoretical description of the results was obtained in the asymptotic limit of rates high compared to the lock-in threshold. The shape of the scale factor curve was found to be Lorentzian with a width proportional to the excess gain. The sign of the scale factor correction was found to be due to the phasing of the backscattering, which is the source of the lock-in. This phasing was found to be consistent with the observed 180-deg phasing between the ac components of each beam when the laser is unlocked.
Synaptic abnormalities and cytoplasmic glutamate receptor aggregates in contactin associated protein-like 2 <i>/Caspr2</i> knockout neurons (2015)

Central glutamatergic synapses and the molecular pathways that control them are emerging as common substrates in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Genetic variation in the contactin associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) gene, including copy number variations, exon deletions, truncations, single nucleotide variants, and polymorphisms have been associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia, language disorders, and autism. CNTNAP2, encoded by Cntnap2, is required for dendritic spine development and its absence causes disease-related phenotypes in mice. However, the mechanisms whereby CNTNAP2 regulates glutamatergic synapses are not known, and cellular phenotypes have not been investigated in Cntnap2 knockout neurons. Here we show that CNTNAP2 is present in dendritic spines, as well as axons and soma. Structured illumination superresolution microscopy reveals closer proximity to excitatory, rather than inhibitory synaptic markers. CNTNAP2 does not promote the formation of synapses and cultured neurons from Cntnap2 knockout mice do not show early defects in axon and dendrite outgrowth, suggesting that CNTNAP2 is not required at this stage. However, mature neurons from knockout mice show reduced spine density and levels of GluA1 subunits of AMPA receptors in spines. Unexpectedly, knockout neurons show large cytoplasmic aggregates of GluA1. Here we characterize, for the first time to our knowledge, synaptic phenotypes in Cntnap2 knockout neurons and reveal a novel role for CNTNAP2 in GluA1 trafficking. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the biological roles of CNTNAP2 and into the pathogenesis of CNTNAP2-associated neuropsychiatric disorders.
The influence of oxygen on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in man. (1990)

1. The ventilatory response to isoxic square-wave challenges in end-tidal PCO2 was investigated at three levels of end-tidal PO2 (PET, O2) in nine healthy male subjects. 2. Twenty-seven responses against a background of mild hypoxia (PET, O2 approximately 10 kPa), sixty-seven against a background of normoxia (PET, O2 approximately 14.5 kPa) and seventy-six against a background of hyperoxia (PET, O2 approximately 70 kPa) were collected. 3. The breath-to-breath data were partitioned into a fast and a slow ventilatory component using a two-compartment model. 4. In the normoxic and hypoxic experiments the CO2 sensitivity of the fast component averaged to about 30 and 40% of the total CO2 sensitivity, respectively. In the hyperoxic experiments three subjects had no fast component in their response while in three others the CO2 sensitivity of the fast component averaged to about 24% of the total CO2 sensitivity. In the remaining three subjects the presence of a fast component was doubtful. 5. We argue that the fast component is due to the peripheral chemoreflex loop and the slow component to the central chemoreflex loop. 6. The central CO2 sensitivity and the apnoeic threshold (extrapolated end-tidal CO2 at zero ventilation in the steady state) were 15% smaller in hyperoxia than those in normoxia and hypoxia. In normoxia and mild hypoxia the central CO2 sensitivities were not significantly different. 7. We argue, that apart from peripheral oxygen-carbon dioxide interaction, there is evidence for central oxygen-carbon dioxide interaction in human subjects. 8. We conclude that in general there is a contribution to ventilation of the peripheral chemoreceptors during hyperoxia in man.
20-W ultraviolet-beam generation by fourth-harmonic generation of an all-solid-state laser (2000)

We have obtained UV power of 20.5 W with a repetition rate of 10 kHz by the use of a high-brightness high-power all-solid-state green laser and a high-quality CsLiB(6)O(10) crystal. This power is, to our knowledge, the highest UV power achieved so far in all-solid-state lasers.
A Presumptive Helicase (<i>MOT1</i> Gene Product) Affects Gene Expression and Is Required for Viability in the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1992)

Exposure of a haploid yeast cell to mating pheromone induces transcription of a set of genes. Induction is mediated through a cis-acting DNA sequence found upstream of all pheromone-responsive genes. Although the STE12 gene product binds specifically to this sequence element and is required for maximum levels of both basal and induced transcription, not all pheromone-responsive genes are regulated in an identical manner. To investigate whether additional factors may play a role in transcription of these genes, a genetic screen was used to identify mutants able to express pheromone-responsive genes constitutively in the absence of Ste12. In this way, we identified a recessive, single gene mutation (mot1, for modifier of transcription) which increases the basal level of expression of several, but not all, pheromone-responsive genes. The mot1-1 allele also relaxes the requirement for at least one other class of upstream activating sequence and enhances the expression of another gene not previously thought to be involved in the mating pathway. Cells carrying mot1-1 grow slowly at 30 degrees C and are inviable at 38 degrees C. The MOT1 gene was cloned by complementation of this temperature-sensitive lethality. Construction of a null allele confirmed that MOT1 is an essential gene. MOT1 residues on chromosome XVI and encodes a large protein of 1,867 amino acids which contains all seven of the conserved domains found in known and putative helicases. The product of MOT1 is strikingly homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF2/SW12 and RAD54 gene products over the entire helicase region.
Applying quantified self approaches to support reflective learning (2012)

This paper presents a framework for technical support of reflective learning, derived from a unification of reflective learning theory with a conceptual framework of Quantified Self tools -- tools for collecting personally relevant information for gaining self-knowledge. Reflective learning means returning to and evaluating past experiences in order to promote continuous learning and improve future experiences. Whilst the reflective learning theories do not sufficiently consider technical support, Quantified Self (QS) approaches are rather experimental and the many emergent tools are disconnected from the goals and benefits of their use. This paper brings these two strands into one unified framework that shows how QS approaches can support reflective learning processes on the one hand and how reflective learning can inform the design of new QS tools for informal learning purposes on the other hand.
Service-Oriented Modeling: An Extensive Reuse Method (2008)

Service-oriented modeling is defined as a comprehensive practice encompassing analysis, design and architecture of all organizational software entities. Currently, service-oriented modeling receives more attention in SOA project lifecycle, since SOA application is model-driven and can be fast developed after modeling. However, existing service-oriented modeling approaches reuse only service which is considered to be building blocks of cross-domain applications. This usually falls into the field of OO analysis, just using service to realize function at design and implementation phase, which disobeys the soul of SOA that fast developing roots in extensive reuse. This paper proposes a domain-specific hierarchical ontology system supporting reuse of various service-oriented assets, such as application template, collaboration pattern, workflow and service. The paper also presents a service-oriented modeling process based on the ontology, which accelerates SOA application developing by searching and reusing assets from the first to last modeling phase, instead of starting everything from scratch.
Endothelin-induced vasoconstriction and calcium antagonists. (1992)

Endothelial cells can produce contracting factors; endothelin, a 21-amino acid peptide, is one of the most potent of these factors, which can control local vascular tone. The peptide is formed from its precursor, big endothelin, via the activity of the endothelin converting enzyme. The basal production of the peptide is stimulated by epinephrine, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, transforming growth factor beta, thrombin, interleukin-1 and the calcium ionophore A23187. In vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelin binds to its specific receptor (ETA-receptor and possibly ETB-receptor) which activate phospholipase C and lead to the formation of inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol and increased intracellular calcium levels. In certain blood vessels, the endothelin receptor is linked to voltage-operated calcium channels via a Gi-protein. This linkage may explain why calcium antagonists inhibit endothelin-induced contractions in certain, but not other blood vessels. In large conduit arteries, such as the human internal mammary artery, endothelin-induced contractions are primarily mediated by release of intracellular calcium and hence, calcium antagonists do not markedly affect the response. In contrast, in the human forearm circulation, calcium antagonists of different classes do prevent endothelin-induced contractions. Similarly, in mesenteric resistance arteries of the rat, calcium antagonists can reverse endothelin-induced contraction suggesting that calcium antagonists are particularly potent in inhibiting endothelin-induced contraction in resistance arteries, where peripheral vascular resistance and hence, blood pressure is regulated.
Structural consensus in ligand‐protein docking identifies recognition peptide motifs that bind streptavidin (1997)

Computational structure prediction of streptavidin-peptide complexes for known recognition sequences and a number of random di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides has been conducted, and mechanisms of peptide recognition with streptavidin have been investigated by a new computational protocol. The structural consensus criterion, which is computed from multiple docking simulations and measures the accessibility of the dominant binding mode, identifies recognition motifs from a set of random peptide sequences, whereas energetic analysis is less discriminatory. The predicted conformations of recognition tripeptide and tetrapeptide sequences are also in structural harmony and composed of peptide fragments that are individually unfrustrated in their bound conformation, resulting in a minimally frustrated energy landscape for recognition peptides. Proteins 28:421–433, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Monomer Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Light-cured Unfilled Resins (1988)

The visible light-cured unfilled resins using the nine types of aromatic dimethacrylates were investigated to determine the effects of the monomer structure on selected properties. Analysis of the data indicated that the mechanical properties of these unfilled resins were much dependent upon the monomer structure. There was also a correlation between the water sorption value of the unfilled resins and the reduction in their mechanical properties under wet conditions. The results of this investigation indicated that the fluoro groups-containing dimethacrylate resin would be the effective resin system for visible light-cured dental restorative materials.
Evaluation of the Flywheel Drive Concept for Passenger Vehicles (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A flywheel to manage energy between a prime mover and a load has been used in many engineering applications. Automotive applications, however, pose a number of difficult problems which can be overcome only with proper design. Substantial mileage and performance improvements while meeting emission constraints can then be accomplished with the concept.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental flywheel car has been designed and built at the University of Wisconsin that has demonstrated a mileage improvement of about 50% over a corresponding production vehicle on the EPA/FUDC. With continued research and development gains of 100% appear feasible.</div>
A TDD-OFDMA Framework for Next Generation Mobile Communication (2006)

A TDD-OFDMA framework is designed for broadband wireless access. The main features of our design are predefined MAP structure, scalable OFDMA system with frequency overlay and MIMO mode switching scheme. An extensive system level simulation study has been carried out in the practical channel conditions. Our results show that the average sector throughput can be improved by 25~50%, and the size of MAP message is reduced by more than 50%.
Anchor‐linked intermediates in peptide amide synthesis are caused by dimeric anchors on the solid supports (1995)

Cleavage and kinetic studies have been carried out using commercially obtained H-Tyr(tBu)-5-(4'-aminomethyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid-TentaGelS (H-Tyr(tBu)-4-ADPV-TentaGelS) and H-Tyr (tBu)-4-ADPV-Ala-aminomethyl-resin (H-Tyr(tBu)-4-ADPV-AM-resin) prepared from commercially available resin and loaded with commercially available Fmoc-4-ADPV-OH amide anchor. Cleavage with pure trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) gave the intermediate H-Tyr-4-ADPV-NH2, which was then degraded to H-Tyr-NH2, and cleavage with TFA/dichloromethane (1:9) yielded H-Tyr-4-ADPV-NH2 which could be isolated in preparative amounts. Cleavage reactions with 15N-labelled H-Ala-4-ADPV-(15N)-Gly-AM-resin yielded the intermediate H-Ala-4-ADPV-NH2, which contained no 15N as demonstrated by 1H-NMR. The analysis of the commercial Fmoc-4-ADPV-OH amide anchor showed the presence of Fmoc-4-ADPV-4-ADPV-OH as an impurity in high amounts. This dimeric anchor molecule is the cause of formation of the anchor-linked peptide intermediate obtained during the cleavage from the resin. The particularly high acid-lability of the amide bond between the two ADPV moieties was utilized to synthesize sidechain and C-terminally 4-ADPV protected pentagastrin on a double-anchor resin, and to cleave it using 5% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane. This method may offer a new way for the synthesis of protected peptide amides with improved solubility to be used in fragment condensation.
bai tang xiao dang an (2009)

白糖是人们日常生活中必不可少的调味品之一。我国早在二千多年前就开始用甘蔗制糖,而用甜菜制糖则是近几十年的事情。白糖甜味浓厚,适用于一般饮品、点心及其他糖制食品,也是烹饪菜肴时经常用到的调味料。
Refractive index modulation based on excitonic effects in GaInAs-InP coupled asymmetric quantum wells (1995)

The effect of excitons in GaInAs-InP coupled asymmetric quantum wells on the refractive index modulation, is analyzed numerically using a model based on the effective mass approximation. It is shown that two coupled quantum wells brought in resonance by an applied electric field will, due to the reduction in the exciton oscillator strengths, have a modulation of the refractive index which is more than one order of magnitude larger than in a similar quantum well structure based on the quantum confined Stark effect, but with no coupling between the quantum wells. Calculations show that combining this strong electrorefractive effect with self-photo-induced modulation in a biased-pin-diode modulator configuration, results in an optical nonlinearity with a figure of merit of 20 cm/sup 3//J at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m. This value is large compared to optical nonlinearities originating from band edge resonance effects in III-V semiconductor materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
6-OXOCYTIDINE CONTAINING OLIGONUCLEOTIDES INHIBIT THE HIV-1 INTEGRASE<i>IN VITRO</i> (2001)

Integration of the proviral DNA into the genome of infected cells is a key step of HIV-1 replication. Integration is catalyzed by the viral enzyme integrase (IN). 6-oxocytidine-containing oligonucleotides were found to be efficient inhibitors of integrase in vitro. The inhibitory effect is sequence-specific and strictly requires the presence of the 6-oxocytidine base. It is due to the impairment of the integrase binding to its substrate and does not involve an auto-structure of the oligonucleotide.
Noise-Adaptive Compiler Mappings for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers (2019)

A massive gap exists between current quantum computing (QC) prototypes, and the size and scale required for many proposed QC algorithms. Current QC implementations are prone to noise and variability which affect their reliability, and yet with less than 80 quantum bits (qubits) total, they are too resource-constrained to implement error correction. The term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) refers to these current and near-term systems of 1000 qubits or less. Given NISQ's severe resource constraints, low reliability, and high variability in physical characteristics such as coherence time or error rates, it is of pressing importance to map computations onto them in ways that use resources efficiently and maximize the likelihood of successful runs. This paper proposes and evaluates backend compiler approaches to map and optimize high-level QC programs to execute with high reliability on NISQ systems with diverse hardware characteristics. Our techniques all start from an LLVM intermediate representation of the quantum program (such as would be generated from high-level QC languages like Scaffold) and generate QC executables runnable on the IBM Q public QC machine. We then use this framework to implement and evaluate several optimal and heuristic mapping methods. These methods vary in how they account for the availability of dynamic machine calibration data, the relative importance of various noise parameters, the different possible routing strategies, and the relative importance of compile-time scalability versus runtime success. Using real-system measurements, we show that fine grained spatial and temporal variations in hardware parameters can be exploited to obtain an average 2.9x (and up to 18x) improvement in program success rate over the industry standard IBM Qiskit compiler. Despite small qubit counts, NISQ systems will soon be large enough to demonstrate "quantum supremacy", i.e., an advantage over classical computing. Tools like ours provide significant improvements in program reliability and execution time, and offer high leverage in accelerating progress towards quantum supremacy.
[Bioethical aspects of experiments on the animals]. (2010)

The principles of humane attitude toward laboratory animals, the main rules of defense and application of vertebral animals in scientific investigations, which are coordinated with European convention content, were presented. Recommendations for organization and activities of bioethics committees and commissions, which conduct the expert estimation of scientific investigations, using laboratory animals, were presented.
Purification of an Exopolygalacturonase from<i>Penicillium viridicatum RFC3</i>Produced in Submerged Fermentation (2009)

An exo-PG obtained from Penicillium viridicatum in submerged fermentation was purified to homogeneity. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was 92 kDa, optimum pH and temperature for activity were pH 5 and 50-55 degrees C. The exo-PG showed a profile of an exo-polygalacturonase, releasing galacturonic acid by hydrolysis of pectin with a high degree of esterification (D.E.). Ions Ca(2+) enhanced the stability of enzyme and its activity by 30%. The K(m) was 1.30 in absence of Ca(2+) and 1.16 mg mL(-1) in presence of this ion. In relation to the V(max) the presence of this ion increased from 1.76 to 2.07 mumol min(-1)mg(-1).
Ranking Approaches for Microblog Search (2010)

Ranking microblogs, such as tweets, as search results for a query is challenging, among other things because of the sheer amount of microblogs that are being generated in real time, as well as the short length of each individual microblog. In this paper, we describe several new strategies for ranking microblogs in a real-time search engine. Evaluating these ranking strategies is non-trivial due to the lack of a publicly available ground truth validation dataset. We have therefore developed a framework to obtain such validation data, as well as evaluation measures to assess the accuracy of the proposed ranking strategies. Our experiments demonstrate that it is beneficial for microblog search engines to take into account social network properties of the authors of microblogs in addition to properties of the microblog itself.
Effects of .BETA.1-4 Galactooligosaccharides Administration on Defecation of Healthy Volunteers with Constipation Tendency. (1997)

β1-4系ガラクトオリゴ糖 (4'-GOS) を主成分とする飲料 (4'-GOSとして2.5g, 5.0g, 10.0g/日) を, 日頃便秘気味と自覚している女性78人 (試験1) と男女50人 (男性9人, 女性41人;試験2) を対象として1週間飲用させ, 排便についてアンケートにより調査し, 4'-GOS飲用期と非飲用期のアンケート結果について比較した。1) 4'-GOS 5.0gあるいは10.0gを含有した飲料の飲用により, 排便回数は対照飲用期に比べて有意に増加した (p<0.05)。排便日数は4'-GOS5.0gでは低排便回数者において (p< 0.01), 4'-GOS 10.0gでは全対象者 (おいて (p< 0.05) 有意な増加が認められた。2) 便性状については, 4'-GOS 5.0gあるいは10.0g飲用によりコロコロ・カチカチ状便が減少して, 有意に軟らかくなることを認めた (累積x2検定, p< 0.05)。3) 腹部膨満感, おなかが鳴るなどの腹部症状は, 4'-GOS 10.0g飲用により有意に増加した (p<0.05)。以上のことより, 4'-GOS飲用は便通と便性改善に有効であることが認められた。