gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5398: Nanoparticles for image guided focused ultrasound drug delivery (2014)

Abstract Thermally triggered, PEGylated drug- liposomes are currently in clinical trials. Conventional thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) lack the labels that would allow tumor imaging upon intravenous injection and a better mark for tissue specific applied hyperthermia (image guidance). We suggest dual- labelled thermosensitive liposomes for focused ultrasound (FUS) induced hyperthermia, triggered-release and functional delivery of the therapeutic anti-cancer drugs to xenograft tumors in response to thermal stimuli in vivo. In addition to labeling for MR Imaging we introduce the use of near infrared (NIR) fluorophores that allow for real time imaging of nanoparticle behavior in the absence of any significant intrinsic tissue background fluorescence, with good to excellent transmission and reduced scattering throughout tissues. We have synthesized these labels as lipid-probe conjugates and using these labels and thermosensitive lipids we have prepared TSL nanoparticles. N`-XenoLight750-N,N-distearylamidomethylamine (XLA750.DSA) and Gadolinium(III) 2-{4,7-Bis-carboxymethyl-10-[(N,N-distearylamidomethyl-N′-amidomethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl}acetic Acid (Gd.DOTA.DSA) were synthesized and characterized. Both lipids were used to prepare TSL nanoparticles carrying the anticancer drugs at substantial encapsulation efficiency. Nanoparticles were tested for their biophysical characteristics (thermal drug release, stability in plasma, size) in vitro. MRI contrast enhancement ability and Near-IR signal were tested in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles carrying drugs were injected intravenously in mice bearing tumors. Nanoparticle kinetics in tumors were assessed with optical imaging and at defined time intervals (post injection), FUS (TIPS Phillips: 1.4MHz) was applied for 3-5 min to induce a small increase in temperature from 37°C to 41°C. Optical imaging revealed both substantial nanoparticle accumulation and drug release immediately after and only in tumors treated with focused ultrasound induced (focal) hyperthermia. Tumors treated with both nanoparticles and FUS post injection showed substantial growth inhibition compared to tumors treated with nanoparticles only. The applications of these multifunctional nanoparticles with short and mild hyperthermia could have a transformative effect on cancer chemotherapy. Citation Format: Maya Thanou, Michael Wright, Miguel Centelles. Nanoparticles for image guided focused ultrasound drug delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5398
Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization rotators (2005)

For the first time to our knowledge, designs for mode-evolution-based integrated polarization rotators requiring only a pair of waveguide core layers are presented. Finite-difference time-domain and eigenmode expansion simulations demonstrate the near-ideal performance of the approach. In contrast with approaches based on mode coupling, no significant wavelength sensitivity is observed.
Object Segmentation from Motion Discontinuities and Temporal Occlusions–A Biologically Inspired Model (2008)

A new model is proposed that uses optic flow cues to detect motion discontinuities and object occlusion. We suggest that by combining these results for motion discontinuities and object occlusion, object segmentation within the model can be improved. This idea could also be applied in other models for object segmentation. In addition, we discuss how this model is related to neurophysiological findings. The model was successfully tested both with artificial and real sequences including self and object motion.
Hardware design of DC/CFL intra-prediction decoder for the AV1 codec (2019)

This paper presents a dedicated hardware design for the DC and Chroma from Luma (CFL) intra-prediction modes of AV1 decoder. The hardware was designed to reach real-time when processing UHD 4K videos. The AV1 codec is an open-source and royalties-free video coding, which was developed by the AOMedia group, this group is composed of multiple companies like Google, Netflix, AMD, ARM, Intel, Nvidia, Microsoft, Mozilla and others. The proposed solution can support all 19 block sizes allowed in AV1 encoder, being able to process UHD 4K videos at 60 frames per second. The DC/CFL modules were synthesized to the TSMC 40 nm cells library targeting the frequency of 132.1 MHz. Synthesis results show the proposed hardware used 89.39 Kgates and a power dissipation of 7.96mW.
The in vitro effect of select classes of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on normal cartilage metabolism. (1986)

The in vitro effect of piroxicam, a newer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), on normal cartilage metabolism has been studied and response contrasted to indomethacin and sodium salicylate. Therapeutic levels of piroxicam has no effect on cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen or noncollagen protein synthesis by porcine weight bearing articular cartilage explants. Salicylate consistently suppressed GAG and protein synthesis, whereas indomethacin had no consistent effect on GAG production but suppressed protein synthesis. NSAID studied had no effect on proteoglycan catabolism. The potential significance of the effect of NSAID on cartilage metabolism is discussed and placed in perspective as regards selection of these agents for human use.
Electrothermal Vaporization for Sample Introduction in Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1985)

The importance of trace elements in environmental, nutritional, clinical, forensic, toxicological, and other fields has been well recognized. Among the variety of analytical techniques available for trace element determinations, atomic spectrometry is one of the most popular. This technique may further be divided into atomic absorption, atomic emission, and atomic fluorescence, with the latter two more amenable to multielement analyses. These atomic techniques require the introduction of samples into a high-temperature atom reservoir where atomic (or ionic) vapors are produced. These high-temperature atom sources include flames; the inductively coupled plasma, ICP; microwave-induced plasma, MIP; direct current plasma, DCP; and the graphite furnace.
Application of fats in some food products (2014)

Fats and oils are very important raw materials and functional ingredients for several food products such as confectionery, bakery, ice creams, emulsions, and sauces, shortenings, margarines, and other specially tailored products. Formulated products are made with just about every part of chemistry, but they are not simple chemicals. In general, they consist of several, and often many, components. Each of these components has a purpose. Most formulated products have a micro- or nano-structure that is important for their function, but obtaining this structure is often the big challenge. Due to a rise in overweight or obesity, health concerns have increased. This fact has led to the need to the develop products with low fat content, which have become a market trend. In addition, the development of new products using fat substitutes can be a good option for companies that are always trying to reduce costs or substitute trans fat or saturated fat. However, the successful development of these products is still a challenge because fat plays multiple roles in determining the desirable physicochemical and sensory attributes, and because the consumers who want or need to replace these ingredients, seek products with similar characteristics to those of the original product. Important attributes such as smooth, creamy and rich texture; milky and creamy appearance; desirable flavor; and satiating effects are influenced by the droplets of fat, and these characteristics are paramount to the consumer and consequently crucial to the success of the product in the market. Therefore, it is important to identify commercially viable strategies that are capable of removing or reducing fat content of food products without altering their sensory and nutritional characteristics. This paper intended to provide an overview about the role of fat in different food systems such as chocolate, ice cream, bakery products like biscuits, breads, and cakes considering the major trends of the food industry to meet the demands of modern society.
Spatial repellency of metofluthrin-impregnated multilayer paper strip against Aedes albopictus under outdoor conditions, Nagasaki, Japan (2004)

Spatial repellency of a new device in which metofluthrin, a newly synthesized pyrethroid, is impregnated into a multilayer paper strip, against Aedes albopictus was evaluated under outdoor conditions. High spatial repellency (>80%) with the metofluthrin-impregnated (200 mg) device lasted for more than 6 weeks, while the repellency with the same device impregnated with the same amount of transfluthrin declined within 5 weeks after treatment.
Human Genetics and Medical Education (1954)

IN CONNECTION WITH its sixth annual meeting, the American Society of Human Genetics sponsored a symposium on Human Genetics and Medical Education in Boston on December 28, 1953. Speakers on the symposium, which was organized by Dr. Madge T. Macklin, included Drs. Louis K. Diamond, Harold F. Falls, F. Clarke Fraser, C. Nash Herndon, James V. Neel and Lawrence H. Snyder. The teaching of genetics was considered both in relation to the medical curriculum and in the training of house officers and in postgraduate courses of medical instruction. The paper by Dr. Herndon, published on the following pages, dealing with the current efforts of medical schools to provide instruction in human genetics, was thought to be of especial interest to readers of The Journal of MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i>Finland (2002)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is no longer only hospital acquired. MRSA is defined as community acquired if the MRSA-positive specimen was obtained outside hospital settings or within 2 days of hospital admission, and if it was from a person who had not been hospitalized within 2 years before the date of MRSA isolation. To estimate the proportion of community-acquired MRSA, we analyzed previous hospitalizations for all MRSA-positive persons in Finland from 1997 to 1999 by using data from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Of 526 MRSA-positive persons, 21% had community-acquired MRSA. Three MRSA strains identified by phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and ribotyping were associated with community acquisition. None of the strains were multiresistant, and all showed an mec hypervariable region hybridization pattern A (HVR type A). None of the epidemic multiresistant hospital strains were prevalent in nonhospitalized persons. Our population-based data suggest that community-acquired MRSA may also arise de novo, through horizontal acquisition of the mecA gene.
논문 : 호남의 오현과 죽천 박광전 (2002)

이 논문은 죽천 박광전을 호남의 오현(五賢)과 비교한 것이다 오현이라는 말은 박광전의 문집『죽천집』에 나와 있는 내용으로서, 호남의 오현은 일재 이항, 하서 김인후, 미암 유희춘, 고봉 기대승, 죽천 박광전을 말한다. 박광전의 문집에서는 박광전을 제외한 네 분들이, 도학과 문장 이론 박학 강인한 의지 등의 특징을 가지고 있다면 그 의론의 정당함과 독실한 실천성을 지니고 있다는 점이었다. 이러한 문집의 기록에 따라서 박광전의 행실을 점토하고 그 특징을 살펴 본 것이 이 논문이다. 그와 같은 지적에 따른 본 논문의 서술을 요약하면, Ⅰ. 서론으로서, 유학은 이론이 아닌 실천을 중시하는 학문으로서 조선조의 의리 도통이나 의병활동 등이 모두 실천이라 할 때 박광전이 학문과 실천을 어떻게 이해 할 것인가 하는 문제 제기이다. Ⅱ. 죽천을 포함한 호남의 오현의 관계를 논한 것으로서, 죽천과 오현은 직접적인 교유나 사승으로서의 관계는 없었지만 죽천이 양응정의 문인이었기 때문에 기묘명현을 계승하였고, 퇴계의 문인이었다는 점에서 정암 고봉과과 학문적 이상을 함께하였고 미암이 그를 조정에 추천하였기 때문에 서로는 밀접한 관계가 있었다. Ⅲ. 그의 학문은 문왕이 천도를 계승하여 순일한 덕성을 이룩한 것을 이상으로 생각하여 쓴 「제위문왕론과」 맹자의 「대장부」의 삶을 바라는 뜻에서 서술한 「대장부부」를 통하여 그는 천인성명이 일치하는 실천정신을 중시하였다는 점을 밝힌 것이다. Ⅳ. 그의 의리실천은 효도의 실천으로서 모범을 보였고 벼슬길에 있을 때는 공사를 구분하고 백성들을 권려하며 애민의 정신으로서 학문과 의리실천의 일치를 나타내고 있었다는 점을 밝힌 것이다. Ⅴ. 임진난을 당하여 700명의 의병을 모집하여 전쟁터에 나아갔으며 정유재란 때, 다시 의병을 일으켰으며, 또한 광해군을 도와서 당시의 국가를 구제하였던 실천정신은 매우 독특한 특징을 나타내고 있는 것으로서, 호남의 오현에 못지 않는 업적이 있음을 확인한 것이다. Ⅵ. 결론으로서 호남의 오현을 논하는 것은 현대적 교훈을 얻기 위한 것이므로 우열을 말하기보다는 보다 훌륭한 점들을 배우는 것이 현대인의 자세라는 점을 밝힌 것이다.
Introduction to the Numerical Solution of Markov Chains (1995)

* Markov Chains * Direct Methods * Iterative Methods * Projection Methods * Block Hessenberg Matrices * Decompositional Methods * LI-Cyclic Markov Chains * Transient Solutions * Stochastic Automata Networks * Software
Recent advances in small bowel diseases: Part II (2012)

As is the case in all areas of gastroenterology and hepatology, in 2009 and 2010 there were many advances in our knowledge and understanding of small intestinal diseases. Over 1000 publications were reviewed, and the important advances in basic science as well as clinical applications were considered. In Part we review six topics: absorption, short bowel syndrome, smooth muscle function and intestinal motility, tumors, diagnostic imaging, and cystic fibrosis.
Arrest of cell membrane movements by <i>In Vitro</i> incubation with polycation reversed by poly anion (1979)

A total arrest of cell membrane movement occurred after incubation for 2 h of cultured fibroblasts with the polycation DEAE-dextran. The immobilized cells resumed normal membrane undulations after exposure for 5 min to the polyanion dextran-sulphate. The influence of DEAE-dextran on the electrophoretic mobility, which was seen after 10 min of incubation was also erased by a subsequent incubation with dextran-sulphate. No influence on growth of the culture was seen.
A computational scheme of closed link robot dynamics derived by D'Alembert principle (2003)

A general and systematic scheme for computing the dynamics of closed link mechanisms is derived using D'Alembert's principle. To account for the constraints, only the Jacobian matrix of the function which represents the passive joint angles in terms of the actuated ones is required. Given a nonredundant actuator system, this allows a unique representation of the constraints, even for a complicated multi-loop closed link mechanism. The scheme is computationally efficient because it is not necessary to compute Lagrange multipliers. A redundant actuator system is formulated, and the utilization of redundancy is actuation is illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness to attenuate disease: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials (2018)

Tissues stiffen during aging and during the pathological progression of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a prominent mechanical cue that precedes disease and drives its progression by altering cellular behaviors. Targeting extracellular matrix mechanics, by preventing or reversing tissue stiffening or interrupting the cellular response, is a therapeutic approach with clinical potential. Major drivers of changes to the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix include phenotypically converted myofibroblasts, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and matrix cross-linking. Potential pharmacological interventions to overcome extracellular matrix stiffening are emerging clinically. Aside from targeting stiffening directly, alternative approaches to mitigate the effects of increased matrix stiffness aim to identify and inhibit the downstream cellular response to matrix stiffness. Therapeutic interventions that target tissue stiffening are discussed in the context of their limitations, preclinical drug development efforts, and clinical trials.
DSP Resource Manager Interface and its role in DSP multimedia (1994)

The latest generation of multimedia plug-in cards and motherboard designs are incorporating programmable, general purpose digital signal processors from a variety of chip vendors. The proposed DSP Resource Management Interface (RMI) from Microsoft Corporation and Spectron Microsystems, Inc. will accelerate proliferation of DSP-based multimedia applications for Windows by providing a hardware-independent development environment and a standard, multitasking operating system kernel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An n-channel MOSFET with Schottky source and drain (1984)

An n-channel MOSFET with Schottky source and drain (SBMOSFET) has been successfully fabricated using tantalum for the Schottky electrodes. For long gatelengths (100 µm), there are no significant differences in the characteristics of these SBMOSFET's compared to those of conventional MOSFET's. A significant current reduction is observed in SBMOSFET's having 10-µm gatelengths, however, due to the barrier between source and channel. In spite of the substantial barrier height (0.7 V) between tantalum and p-silicon, still larger barriers and a reduction in the isolation gap between source and channel are desirable for high-drive-high-speed device operation.
Metagenomic analysis of soil and freshwater from zoo agricultural area with organic fertilization (2017)

Microbial communities drive biogeochemical cycles in agricultural areas by decomposing organic materials and converting essential nutrients. Organic amendments improve soil quality by increasing the load of essential nutrients and enhancing the productivity. Additionally, fresh water used for irrigation can affect soil quality of agricultural soils, mainly due to the presence of microbial contaminants and pathogens. In this study, we investigated how microbial communities in irrigation water might contribute to the microbial diversity and function of soil. Whole-metagenomic sequencing approaches were used to investigate the taxonomic and the functional profiles of microbial communities present in fresh water used for irrigation, and in soil from a vegetable crop, which received fertilization with organic compost made from animal carcasses. The taxonomic analysis revealed that the most abundant genera were Polynucleobacter (~8% relative abundance) and Bacillus (~10%) in fresh water and soil from the vegetable crop, respectively. Low abundance (0.38%) of cyanobacterial groups were identified. Based on functional gene prediction, denitrification appears to be an important process in the soil community analysed here. Conversely, genes for nitrogen fixation were abundant in freshwater, indicating that the N-fixation plays a crucial role in this particular ecosystem. Moreover, pathogenicity islands, antibiotic resistance and potential virulence related genes were identified in both samples, but no toxigenic genes were detected. This study provides a better understanding of the community structure of an area under strong agricultural activity with regular irrigation and fertilization with an organic compost made from animal carcasses. Additionally, the use of a metagenomic approach to investigate fresh water quality proved to be a relevant method to evaluate its use in an agricultural ecosystem.
Nuclease enhancement of specific cell agglutination in a serodiagnostic test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1979)

Antiserum to a purified type R lipopolysaccharide antigen isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was used in a slide agglutination test and compared with conventional carbohydrate utilization and fluorescent antibody tests to confirm the identity of laboratory cultures classified as typical or "atypical" N. gonorrhoeae. Cultures of Corynebacterium vaginalis, N. meningitidis, N. catarrhalis, N. sicca, and N. lactamicus were also tested in the slide agglutination procedure. The addition of both deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (1 mg/ml) to the cell suspension medium of phosphate-buffered saline improved the sensitivity and specificity of the agglutination reaction for N. gonorrhoeae. Problems relating to the agglutination test as an aid in identification of N. gonorrhoeae are discussed.
Aspect-aware operating system development (2011)

The domain of operating systems has often been mentioned as an "ideal candidate" for the application of AOP; fundamental policies we find in these systems, such as synchronization or preemption, seem to be inherently cross-cutting in their implementation. Their clear separation into dedicated aspect modules should facilitate better evolvability and - the focus of this paper - configurability. Our experience with applying AOP to the domain of highly configurable embedded operating systems has shown, however, that these advantages can by no means be taken for granted. To reveal maximum configurability of central system policies, aspects and their potential interactions with the system have to be taken into account much earlier, that is, "from the very beginning". We propose the analysis and design process of aspect-aware development, which leads to such an "aspect-friendly" system structure and demonstrate its feasibility on the example of CiAO, an AUTOSAR-OS-compliant operating system that provides configurability of all fundamental system policies by means of AOP.
RIPPS (2008)

Wireless network access has become an integral part of computing both at home and at the workplace. The convenience of wireless network access at work may be extremely beneficial to employees, but can be a burden to network security personnel. This burden is magnified by the threat of inexpensive wireless access points being installed in a network without the knowledge of network administrators. These devices, termed <it>Rogue Wireless Access Points</it>, may allow a malicious outsider to access valuable network resources, including confidential communication and other stored data. For this reason, wireless connectivity detection is an essential capability, but remains a difficult problem. We present a method of detecting wireless hosts using a local RTT metric and a novel packet payload slicing technique. The local RTT metric provides the means to identify physical transmission media while packet payload slicing conditions network traffic to enhance the accuracy of the detections. Most importantly, the packet payload slicing method is transparent to both clients and servers and does not require direct communication between the monitoring system and monitored hosts.
Blood pool contrast agent CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA-enhanced MR imaging of infarcted myocardium in pigs (1999)

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the new blood pool contrast agent meglumine-carboxymethyldextran-ethylenediamino-gadoterate (CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA) to depict acute occlusive myocardial infarction (AMI). First-pass gradient-echo and delayed spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 5 days after induction of AMI in a pig model. MRI was correlated with pathology. First-pass imaging with CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA allowed detection of infarcted myocardium in all pigs (n = 7). The infarction was recognized as a black spot on MRI as well as on a parametric image. The signal intensity (SI) amplitudes of normal versus infarcted myocardium were 80.55 +/- 18.61 versus 8.48 +/- 15.50 on MRI and 81.62 +/- 18.50 versus 1.61 +/- 3.73 on the parametric image (both P values < 0.001. The contrast ratio between normal and infarcted myocardium was not significantly improved on spin-echo MRI, suggesting largely intact vascular integrity outside the occluded area. CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA is useful for depicting occlusive myocardial infarction by first-pass MRI. Spin-echo imaging is promising in assessing vascular integrity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:170-177.