gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultralow Power Consumption Silica-Based PLC-VOA/Switches (2008)

We have achieved a silica-based PLC thermooptic switch with a power consumption of only 30 mW without any deterioration in the optical properties by using a tapered narrow ridge structure. To reduce the power consumption further, we propose a novel structure, the suspended narrow ridge structure, which has the advantages of both the tapered narrow ridge structure and the already reported suspended-bridge structure. As a result, we achieved PLC-VOA/switches with excellent heat design flexibility and a power consumption of 20 mW. In addition, using the proposed the suspended narrow ridge structure, we demonstrate a 16-channel V-AWG with a compact size of 20 times 17 mm and a low total power consumption of 320 mW.
High-Efficiency Bidirectional Three-Level Series-Resonant Converter With Buck-Boost Capacity for High-Output Voltage Applications (2021)

To improve the efficiency and power density of electronic vehicles, battery packs with higher voltage levels have been gradually adopted. This change poses new challenges for conventional battery charger designs based on two-level topologies and low-voltage rating switches. Therefore, in this article, a bidirectional buck-boost three-level series-resonant converter (BBTL-SRC) for high-output voltage applications is proposed. The voltage stress of switches is reduced to only half of the output voltage, so the low-voltage rating switches with lower losses and costs can be used. In addition, the phase shift and pulsewidth modulation strategies are designed to realize buck and boost conversion. All switches can achieve zero-voltage switching, and the reactive current in resonant tank decreases significantly. Hence, the switching and conduction losses are reduced and efficiency is optimized. The operation principles and characteristics are analyzed in detail, and design considerations are provided. A 3.3-kW, 600-840-V output prototype is built and tested. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed BBTL-SRC.
A study of the effect of anabolic steroids on nitrogen balance. (1977)

The study was designed to show if anabolic steroids can improve the protein states of sick Nigerian Children. 5 children in Hospital were used for the study. They did not have any surgical operations immediately preceeding the study. Each child acted as his own control. In two of the five children there was a statistically significant positive nitrogen balance. It was concluded that anabolic steroids may have a place in the management of protein depleted children in Nigeria. A larger number has to be studied to reach a definite conclusion.
Rapid Quantification of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> in Human Serum by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2018)

LC-MS/MS is widely utilized today for quantification of vitamin D in biological fluids. Mass spectrometric assays for vitamin D require very careful method optimization for precise and interference-free, accurate analyses however. Here, we explore chemical derivatization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) as a rapid alternative for quantitative measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> in human serum, and compare it to results from LC-MS/MS. The method implemented an automated imaging step of each MALDI spot, to locate areas of high intensity, avoid sweet spot phenomena, and thus improve precision. There was no statistically significant difference in vitamin D quantification between the MALDI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS: mean ± standard deviation for MALDI-MS-29.4 ± 10.3 ng/mL-versus LC-MS/MS-30.3 ± 11.2 ng/mL (P = 0.128)-for the sum of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D epimers. The MALDI-based assay avoided time-consuming chromatographic separation steps and was thus much faster than the LC-MS/MS assay. It also consumed less sample, required no organic solvents, and was readily automated. In this proof-of-concept study, MALDI-MS readily demonstrated its potential for mass spectrometric quantification of vitamin D compounds in biological fluids. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Potent Targeting of the STAT3 Protein in Brain Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Route for Treating Glioblastoma (2013)

The STAT3 gene is abnormally active in glioblastoma (GBM) and is a critically important mediator of tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in GBM. Thus, for poorly treated brain cancers such as gliomas, astrocytomas, and glioblastomas, which harbor constitutively activated STAT3, a STAT3-targeting therapeutic will be of significant importance. Herein, we report a most potent, small molecule, nonphosphorylated STAT3 inhibitor, 31 (SH-4-54) that strongly binds to STAT3 protein (K D = 300 nM). Inhibitor 31 potently kills glioblastoma brain cancer stem cells (BTSCs) and effectively suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation and its downstream transcriptional targets at low nM concentrations. Moreover, in vivo, 31 exhibited blood-brain barrier permeability, potently controlled glioma tumor growth, and inhibited pSTAT3 in vivo. This work, for the first time, demonstrates the power of STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of BTSCs and validates the therapeutic efficacy of a STAT3 inhibitor for GBM clinical application.
Lanthanide-ion transport across phospholipid vesicular membranes: a comparison of alamethicin 30 and A23187 using 1H-NMR spectroscopy (1982)

The kinetics of Pr3+ transport by the ionophores alamethicin 30 and A23187 across unilamellar phospho-lipid vesicular membranes has been compared by following the time-dependent changes in the 1H-NMR spectrum of the vesicles. The measured rates of transport allow stoichiometries of the transporting species to be deduced which are consistent with channel- and carrier-mediated mechanisms respectively. The method provides a useful complement to planar bilayer conductivity studies of these systems.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 6,6’-Dialkyl and -Diphenyl-2,2’-Biphenyldiols by Using Menthone as a Chiral Template (1995)

A general method for the preparation of axially chiral (S)-6,6’-dialkyl- and -diphenyl-2,2’-biphenyldiols are developed. Enantiomerically pure acetal 1, prepared by the stereoselective reaction of 2,2’,6,6’-biphenyltetrol with l-menthone, is converted into bis(triflate) (S)-4 in three steps. Palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of (S)-4 with organoboron reagents and deprotection of the coupling products afford biphenyldiols (S)-8 of high optical purities.
Folding, Tiling, and Multidimensional Coding (2009)

Folding a sequence $S$ into a multidimensional box is a method that is used to construct multidimensional codes. The well known operation of folding is generalized in a way that the sequence $S$ can be folded into various shapes. The new definition of folding is based on lattice tiling and a direction in the $D$-dimensional grid. There are potentially $\frac{3^D-1}{2}$ different folding operations. Necessary and sufficient conditions that a lattice combined with a direction define a folding are given. The immediate and most impressive application is some new lower bounds on the number of dots in two-dimensional synchronization patterns. This can be also generalized for multidimensional synchronization patterns. We show how folding can be used to construct multidimensional error-correcting codes and to generate multidimensional pseudo-random arrays.
Learning Contextual Dependence With Convolutional Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown their great success on image classification. CNNs mainly consist of convolutional and pooling layers, both of which are performed on local image areas without considering the dependence among different image regions. However, such dependence is very important for generating explicit image representation. In contrast, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are well known for their ability of encoding contextual information in sequential data, and they only require a limited number of network parameters. Thus, we proposed the hierarchical RNNs (HRNNs) to encode the contextual dependence in image representation. In HRNNs, each RNN layer focuses on modeling spatial dependence among image regions from the same scale but different locations. While the cross RNN scale connections target on modeling scale dependencies among regions from the same location but different scales. Specifically, we propose two RNN models: 1) hierarchical simple recurrent network (HSRN), which is fast and has low computational cost and 2) hierarchical long-short term memory recurrent network, which performs better than HSRN with the price of higher computational cost. In this paper, we integrate CNNs with HRNNs, and develop end-to-end convolutional hierarchical RNNs (C-HRNNs) for image classification. C-HRNNs not only utilize the discriminative representation power of CNNs, but also utilize the contextual dependence learning ability of our HRNNs. On four of the most challenging object/scene image classification benchmarks, our C-HRNNs achieve the state-of-the-art results on Places 205, SUN 397, and MIT indoor, and the competitive results on ILSVRC 2012.
Designer's Guide to Radiation Effects on Materials for Use on Jupiter Fly-Bys and Orbiters (1979)

This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the complex field of radiation effects on spacecraft materials. It is intended as a guide for designers of systems exposed to damaging electrons and protons. The emphasis is on the relative damage levels for the more common materials that may be used. Information on the preliminary flux and fluence levels of the yet to be designed Jupiter orbiter, Galileo, is also presented.
Thermodynamics of the interactions of<i>m</i>-AMSA and<i>o</i>-AMSA with nucleic acids: influence of ionic strength and DNA base composition (1989)

The equilibrium binding of the antitumor agent m-AMSA and its biologically inactive analog o-AMSA to native and synthetic DNAs are compared over a wide range of ionic strengths and temperatures. Although o-AMSA binds DNA with a higher affinity than m-AMSA it is not effective as an antitumor agent. Both m-AMSA and o-AMSA bind DNA in an intercalative manner. Indepth investigations into the thermodynamic parameters of these interactions reveal the interaction of m-AMSA with DNA to be an enthalpy driven process. In contrast, the structurally similar but biologically inactive o-AMSA binds DNA through an entropy driven process. The differences in thermodynamic mechanisms of binding between the two isomers reveal that the electronic and/or steric factors resulting from the position of the methoxy substituent group on the anilino ring directs the DNA binding properties of these compounds and ultimately the biological effectiveness as an antitumor agent.
A Precision Differential Manometer (1952)

The requirements imposed by investigations of flow and heat transfer characteristics of low density gases have been met by developing a precision manometer for measuring pressures in the range from approximately 0.05 mm Hg to 20 mm Hg. The instrument makes use of optical elements to allow the observer to view a clear magnified image of the meniscus. Precision lead screws and gearing control the movement of the optical viewing systems, and together with a mechanical differential indicate the differential height on a counter directly in thousandths of an inch. The instrument employing a low vapor pressure oil can be operated and read rapidly, and the reproducibility of its readings by different observers is half its least count, or 0.001 mm Hg.
Soft x-ray measurements from the PDX tokamak (1982)

Temporally and spatially-resolved profiles of the PDX soft x-ray spectra have been measured during single tokamak pulses of circular and divertor plasmas with a recently developed pulse height analyzer. This detection system incorporates an array of five vertically displaced sets of lithium-drifted silicon detectors, each consisting of three independent channels optimized for rapid data collection in adjacent energy regions. Simultaneous measurement of x-ray emission integrated along five chords of the plasma cross section can thereby be achieved. Abel inversion of these data yields temporally-resolved radial profiles of the local electron temperature from the slope of the continuum, concentrations of high-Z impurities from the characteristic line intensities, and a measure of Z/sub eff/ from the continuum intensity. The techniques of x-ray pulse height analysis, with illustrations featuring the results from the initial PDX circular plasma experiments are discussed in detail. In addition, comparisons between circular and divertor plasmas on PDX, derived from the x-ray measurements, are also presented.
Structural Studies on Porphobilinogen Deaminase (2007)

The X-ray crystallographic analysis of porphobilinogen deaminase (hydroxymethylbilane synthase, EC 4.3.1.8) shows the polypeptide chain folded into three domains, (1) N-terminal, (2) central and (3) C-terminal, of approximately equal size. Domains 1 and 2 have a similar overall topology, a modified doubly wound parallel beta-sheet. Domain 3 is an open-faced three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, with one face covered by three alpha-helices. The active site is located between domains 1 and 2. The dipyrromethane cofactor linked to cysteine 242 protrudes from domain 3 into the mouth of the cleft. Flexible segments between domains 1 and 2 are thought to have a role in a hinge mechanism, facilitating conformational changes. The cleft is lined with positively charged, highly conserved, arginine residues which form ion pairs with the acidic side chains of the cofactor. Aspartic acid 84 has been identified as a critical catalytic residue both by its proximity to the cofactor pyrrole ring nitrogen and by structural and kinetic studies of the Asp-84-->Glu mutant protein. The active site arginine residues have been altered by site-directed mutagenesis to histidine residues. The mutant proteins have been studied crystallographically in order to reconcile the functional changes in the polymerization reaction with structural changes in the enzyme.
A ternary Schmitt trigger (1985)

A new ternary circuit, namely, a ternary Schmitt trigger, is presented. This novel circuit which is based on the well-known lambda diode, is suitable for integration using CMOS technology. The circuit has been simulated using the SPICE 2G Program. The results of the simulation are presented. The circuit offers a high degree of design flexibility. This circuit is expected to be a very useful functional block in the processing of ternary and pseudoternary signals.
State-of-the-Art Simultaneous Downhole Flow-Rate and Pressure Measurement Equipment (1991)

Summary Development of simultaneous downhole flow-rate/pressure measurement equipment has permitted better determination of reservoir properties. Application of such equipment to layered reservoirs allows determination of individual layer properties. This paper reviews state-of-the-art pressure and flow-rate devices, discusses the advantages and limitations of specific equipment, and addresses the need to evaluate current tools and areas for future research.
Detection of type-specific pneumococcal antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. II. Etiologic diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. (1973)

Abstract Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was employed for rapid etiologic diagnosis in 30 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal capsular antigen (PCA) was detected in serum, untreated urine, or an ethanol-precipitated fraction of urine (20-fold concentration) in 20, 30, and 47 per cent of cases, respectively. Blood cultures were positive in only one-half of the cases having demonstrable PCA in concentrated urine samples. PCA was readily typed by CIE and types 1, 3, 6, 8, 19, 29, 31, and 36 were identified. PCA persisted in body fluids for days and antibiotic therapy appeared to have little effect on the frequency with which PCA was detected. Patients in which PCA was detected had pleural effusions, azotemia, and hyperbilirubinemia more often than patients without PCA (p
Effects of carbenoxolone on alveolar fluid clearance and lung inflammation in the rat (2004)

These beneficial effects of carbenoxolone on lung fluid balance and inflammation are very similar to those expected when glucocorticoids are introduced exogenously. We conclude that carbenoxolone increased the actions of endogenous bioactive glucocorticoids on lung cells by reducing local steroid breakdown.
Erase and Retention Improvements in Charge Trap Flash Through Engineered Charge Storage Layer (2009)

The simultaneous improvement in the erase and retention characteristics in a TANOS (TaN-Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> -SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Si) flash memory transistor by utilizing the band-engineered and compositionally graded SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> trap layer is demonstrated. With the process optimizations, a > 4V memory window and excellent 150 degC 24-h retention (0.1-0.5 V charge loss) for a programmed DeltaV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> = 4V with respect to the initial state are obtained. The band-engineered SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> charge storage layer enables flash scaling beyond the floating-gate technology with a promise for improved erase speed, retention, lower supply voltages, and multilevel cell applications.
High-resolution Distributed Fiber-optic Monitoring of Composite Beams Production (2015)

Distributed monitoring of strain and temperature is performed repeatedly during the production and curing of a composite material beam, over more than 30 hours. The measurements are based on stimulated Brillouin analysis of light propagating along an optical fiber that is embedded underneath the outer-most structural layer of the beam, during its production. The Brillouin analysis protocol provides high spatial resolution of 4 cm, and sensitivity of ±1 °C or ±20 μe. The results indicate an initial heating of the beam, by as much as 20-25 °C over several hours, and residual compressive strain in the sensing fiber on the order of 200 μe. The measurement procedure is applicable to quality control and production monitoring of advanced composite materials structures. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/383
Multivariate Analysis of Multiple Response Data (2003)

Multiple response questions, also known as a pick any/J format, are frequently encountered in the analysis of survey data. The relationship among the responses is difficult to explore when the number of response options, J, is large. The authors propose a multivariate binomial probit model for analyzing multiple response data and use standard multivariate analysis techniques to conduct exploratory analysis on the latent multivariate normal distribution. A challenge of estimating the probit model is addressing identifying restrictions that lead to the covariance matrix specified with unit-diagonal elements (i.e., a correlation matrix). The authors propose a general approach to handling identifying restrictions and develop specific algorithms for the multivariate binomial probit model. The estimation algorithm is efficient and can easily accommodate many response options that are frequently encountered in the analysis of marketing data. The authors illustrate multivariate analysis of multiple response data in three applications.
Lenalidomide Displays Direct Anti-Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) Cell Activity in Association with Enhanced SPARC Expression but Independent of Its Ability to Strongly Inhibit NHL Cell VEGF Production In Vitro. (2007)

Abstract Lenalidomide is an oral anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory drug that is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent patients with anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a del 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of previously treated multiple myeloma patients. Encouraging early results suggest a potential for clinical efficacy in B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). We have previously shown that lenalidomide can directly inhibit the proliferation of NHL cells and synergize with dexamethasone in inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition leading to caspase activation and apoptosis. In this study we have studied the potential for lenalidomide mediated growth inhibition, apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenic factors in NHL. We have assessed proliferation, expression of p21 and SPARC tumor suppressor genes and the production of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in six established NHL cells lines in vitro. The effect of lenalidomide on NHL cells was determined after 1–3 days using 3H-thymidine incorporation, microbead array and real time PCR. We found that lenalidomide displays anti-proliferative effects on Namalwa, Jeko-1 and Rec-1 cells when used alone and in combination with dexamethasone. However, several NHL cell lines, such as Granta-519, DB, and JVM-2, appear to be resistant. We also found that lenalidomide strongly inhibited VEGF production (but not mRNA levels) by the three sensitive lines (but not the three resistant lines) at much lower concentrations than required for inhibitory effects on proliferation. Excess recombinant human VEGF or neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody had no effect on Rec-1 proliferation suggesting that there is no connection between these two effects. Lenalidomide strongly increased the expression of tumor suppressor genes, such as p21cip/kip and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). In particular, elevation of SPARC mRNA correlated with the anti-proliferative effect of lenalidomide and was not seen in the resistant cells, whereas elevated p21 was observed in both sensitive and resistant (DB) cells. The effect of SPARC gene silencing on lenalidomide-induced effects is being assessed in siRNA studies. In conclusion, lenalidomide demonstrates anti-proliferative activity against certain sensitive NHL cells, particularly in combination with dexamethasone. Potent anti-VEGF activity of lenalidomide appears to be independent of proliferation and supports its anti-angiogenic potential. Lenalidomide-induced up-regulation of SPARC mRNA appears to correlate with sensitivity and may have biomarker potential in NHL.