gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience-Dependent Eye Movements, Awareness, and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory (2006)

We asked what kind of memory is operating when eye movements change as the result of experience. Participants viewed scenes that were either novel, repeated, or manipulated (i.e., a change was introduced in one region of the scene). Eye movements differed depending on the past viewing history of each scene. Participants made fewer fixations and sampled fewer regions when scenes were repeated than when scenes were novel. When scenes were altered, participants made more fixations in the altered region, spent more time looking at the altered region, and made more transitions into and out of the altered region than in unchanged (matched) regions in the repeated scenes. Importantly, these effects occurred only when individuals were aware that a change had occurred. Participants who were unaware that the scene had been altered looked at the changed scenes in the same way that they looked at repeated scenes. Thus, there was no indication that eye movements could reveal an unaware (unconscious) form of memory. Instead, eye movements reflected conscious memory of whether the scene was repeated or manipulated. The findings were the same when awareness was assessed after viewing all the scenes (experiment 1) and when awareness was assessed after each scene was presented (experiment 2). In experiment 3, memory-impaired patients with damage limited to the hippocampus were impaired at deciding whether scenes were novel, repeated, or manipulated. Thus, the ability to consciously recollect recent encounters with scenes reflects a form of hippocampus-dependent memory. The findings show that experience-dependent eye movements in response to altered scenes reflect conscious, declarative memory, and they support the link between aware memory, declarative memory, and hippocampus-dependent memory.
Learning Mechanisms for Information Filtering Agents (1995)

In recent years, software agents have been developed which assist users with tasks such as information filtering or information retrieval. Such systems have evolved from simple agents that refer to a user-defined script to filter incoming mail, to complex Web agents that not only learn their user&apos;s preferences but actively seek out Web pages that could be of interest. To provide personal assistance, an agent needs information about the user&apos;s interests and needs. This paper reviews how different mechanisms have been used to define a user profile, from simple rules to complex machine learning algorithms. Problems with user-defined scripts are discussed, as are the issues involved with integrating learning mechanisms into agents. One approach currently being developed to learn within an agent environment is then described. Presented at BCS/DTI Intelligent Agents Workshop, November 1995. November 2, 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction A software agent 1 can be characterised as a system w...
ON-LINE MONITORING OF BIOMASS CONCENTRATION BASED ON A CAPACITANCE SENSOR: ASSESSING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DIFFERENT BACTERIA AND YEAST HIGH CELL DENSITY FED-BATCH CULTURES (2015)

The performance of an in-situ capacitance sensor for on-line monitoring of biomass concentration was evaluated for some of the most important microorganisms in the biotechnology industry: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and Bacillus megaterium. A total of 33 batch and fed-batch cultures were carried out in a bench-scale bioreactor and biomass formation trends were followed by dielectric measurements during the growth phase as well as the induction phase, for 5 recombinant E. coli strains. Permittivity measurements and viable cellular concentrations presented a linear correlation for all the studied conditions. In addition, the permittivity signal was further used for inference of the cellular growth rate. The estimated specific growth rates mirrored the main trends of the metabolic states of the different cells and they can be further used for setting-up control strategies in fed-batch cultures.
MicroRNAs and Lung Cancer: New Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors, New Prognostic Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding RNA that negatively control mRNA expression at a post-transcriptional level. They regulate various cellular functions and bioinformatic data suggest that they collectively control about 30% of human mRNAs. MiRNAs have been recently implicated in several carcinogenic processes, where they can act either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. This is the case in lung cancer, i.e. the leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries, in which about 40-45 miRNAs have been found to be aberrantly expressed, thereby constituting a specific miRNA signature. Some of these miRNAs can play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Indeed, some transcripts of the let-7 family that are significantly down-regulated in lung tumors have been identified as tumor suppressors through their ability to control several oncogenic pathways, including the RAS pathway. Identification of a growing number of other potential oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs in lung cancers is in constant progress. Recent evidence supports the use of specific miRNA signatures to predict clinical outcome. This review aims to report the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in lung cancer carcinogenesis, their potential for improving diagnosis and prognosis and their impact on future therapeutic strategies.
Drugs in the Pipeline for the Obesity Market (2008)

Obesity is a major public health problem. For many obese patients, diet and exercise are an inadequate treatment and bariatric surgery may be too extreme of a treatment. As with many other chronic diseases, pharmacologic treatment may be an attractive option for selected obese patients. Antiobesity drugs may potentially work through one of three mechanisms: (1) appetite suppression, (2) interference with absorption of nutrients, and (3) increased metabolism of nutrients. The three most widely prescribed drugs approved to treat obesity are phentermine, sibutramine, and orlistat. Drugs approved for treating obesity usually result in an additional weight loss of approximately 2-5 kg in addition to placebo. For pharmacologic therapy in obesity to be widely utilized, greater effectiveness and safety will be needed. Four types of single-agent drugs are in late stage development, including (1) selective central cannabinoid-1 receptor blockers, (2) selective central 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C serotonin receptor agonists, (3) an intestinal lipase blocker, and (4) central-acting incretin mimetic drugs. Four combination agent compounds in late stage development include (1) Contrave, which combines long-acting versions of naltrexone and bupropion; (2) Empatic, which combines long-acting bupropion and long-acting zonisamide; (3) Qnexa, which combines phentermine with controlled release topiramate; and (4) an injectable combination of leptin and pramlintide. Peptide YY and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 antagonists are centrally acting agents in early stage development. It is expected that several new drug products for obesity will become available over the next few years. Their role in managing this disease remains to be determined.
Phenotypic Analysis Of Donor Cells Infiltrating The Small Intestinal Epithelium And Spleen During Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1995)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
ESR imaging study of the spin distribution in ladder type polymer films containing spatially selective conducting patterns (1990)

Abstract Stable patterns with high local electrical conductivities and different local spin densities can be created in ladder type polymer films (5–20 μm thickness) by first preheating to a temperature (T p ) followed by spatically selective laser annealing. Two dimensional images of the spin distribution in such films were determined using ESR imaging. The 2‐D images of 20 μm films exhibit peaks or dips in the spin density at the laser illuminated regions, which strongly depend on the preheating conditions. These phenomena are attributed to spin density gradients caused by a temperature gradient across the film upon illumination; it should be noted that the laser beam does not penetrate completely through such relatively thick films.
Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society (2011)

Following evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies that address not only the amelioration of hirsutism but also the treatment of the underlying etiology is essential for the proper management of affected women, especially considering that hirsutism is, in most cases, a chronic disorder needing long-term follow-up. Accordingly, we provide evidence-based guidelines for the etiological diagnosis and for the management of this frequent medical complaint.
Computer-controlled vehicular traffic (1969)

It is no exaggeration that a kid on roller skates can propel himself crosstown, from the East River to the North River, on any of Manhattan's midtown streets in considerably less time than that required by a motorist. And we all have had the frustrating experience of spending more time in a bus between an airport and center city than in making the actual flight of 500 km or more. About five years ago, Boston, Mass., got a foretaste of what complete vehicular strangulation can be like when the granddaddy of traffic jams immobilized all surface transportation downtown for more than three hours. But the future may not be completely bleak: thanks to the digital computer, sensor inputs-and a lot of software synthesis-traffic intersections can be placed under machine control to break up the traffic bottlenecks that have become one of the major blights of our cities.
Colorimetric Detection of Uranyl Using a Litmus Test (2018)

Ingestion of water containing toxic contaminants above levels deemed safe for human consumption can occur unknowingly since numerous common contaminants in drinking water are colorless and odorless. Uranyl is particularly problematic as it has been found at dangerous levels in sources of drinking water. Detection of this heavy metal-ion species in drinking water currently requires sending a sample to a laboratory where trained personnel use equipment to perform the analysis and turn-around times can be long. A pH-responsive colorimetric biosensor was developed to enable detection of uranyl in water which coupled the uranyl-specific 39E DNAzyme as a recognition element, and an enzyme capable of producing a pH change as the reporter element. The rapid colorimetric assay presented herein can detect uranyl in lake and well water at concentrations relevant for environmental monitoring, as demonstrated by the detection of uranyl at levels below the limits set for drinking water by major regulatory agencies including the World Health Organization (30 μg/L). This simple and inexpensive DNAzyme-based assay enabled equipment-free visual detection of 15 μg/L uranyl, using both solution-based and paper-based pH-dependent visualization strategies.
The Development of High-Performance Leaf Seals (2004)

Recently, from the environmental point of view, demand for a combined cycle plant is increasing, and superior gas turbine performance is being rapidly promoted at the same time. As one of the key technologies for superior performance, reduction of secondary air leakage, which is necessary for blade cooling and bearing sealing, is required. Especially, reduction of air leakage through rotating parts and stationary parts clearance is critical.
TOLERANCE, IMMUNOCOMPETENCE, AND SECONDARY DISEASE IN FULLY ALLOGENEIC RADIATION CHIMERAS (1983)

The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent to which secondary disease and mortality in fully allogeneic chimeras (C57BL leads to CBA) is caused (if at all) by a delayed graft-versus-host reaction. Adult CBA males were thymectomized, irradiated, and reconstituted with T-lymphocyte-depleted C57BL or CBA bone marrow cells (BMC), followed three weeks after irradiation by implantation under the kidney capsule of thymic lobes from C57BL or CBA fetal or adult donors. These mice were observed for the development of secondary disease for periods in excess of 250 days, and they were examined at 5 weeks or 4 months for T lymphocyte reactivity and tolerance to alloantigens, using the cell-mediated lympholysis assay (CML). The following results were obtained. First, removal of T lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1 antibody and complement from allogeneic bone marrow did not prevent wasting and eventual death, although it prolonged the lifespan of mice substantially. Second, T lymphocytes generated from bone marrow-derived precursor cells became tolerant of the histocompatibility antigens of the thymus donor strain but remained normally reactive to third-party antigens. Third, allogeneic radiation chimeras did not survive as well as animals reconstituted with syngeneic cells, even when they were demonstrably tolerant in CML. Fourth, C57BL BMC maturing in a CBA host equipped with a C57BL thymus graft did not become tolerant of host antigens, indicating that extra-thymic tolerance does not occur in fully allogeneic--as opposed to semiallogeneic--chimeras. It is argued that the function of B lymphocytes and/or accessory cells is impaired in fully allogeneic radiation chimeras, and that the mortality observed was directly related to the resulting immunodeficiency. The relevance of the results described in this paper to clinical bone marrow transplantation is discussed.
Microstructure and orientation effects in diamond thin films (1991)

The microstructure and orientation of diamond thin films grown by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition have been studied as functions of growth temperature, substrate identity, and substrate pre-treatment. Results indicate that for growth temperatures below 650 °C, competition between film growth and etching can lead to preferential (110) oriented films on a variety of substrate materials. This orientation can be globally sustained during growth by the occurrence of (111) planar defects.
A model‐based virtual sensing approach for the injection molding process (2004)

Abstract This paper proposes a new virtual sensing approach for on‐line monitoring and regulating process variables of the injection molding process. Based on the nonlinear observer theory, virtual sensors estimate process behavior using easily obtained measurements of machine variables by exploiting their dynamic interaction. A nozzle pressure virtual sensor during the so‐called “nozzle resistance test” was developed. Results of experimental evaluation on a commercial injection molding machine establish the feasibility of the proposed virtual sensing approach. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis indicates that the proposed virtual sensor delivered consistently better and more robust performance against parametric uncertainties than simple open‐loop model prediction. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1605–1614, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Surface Plasmon-Assisted Laser Cooling of Solids (2007)

Laser refrigeration of a semiconductor placed in the proximity of a metal surface is analyzed. It is shown that both the threshold and the efficiency of laser cooling can be significantly improved due to rapid energy transfer from the semiconductor to the metal via excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and their subsequent decay in the metal. Even further improvement of cooling efficiency is expected when the metal surface is periodically structured.
Conserved pattern of antisense overlapping transcription in the homologous human ERCC-1 and yeast RAD10 DNA repair gene regions. (1989)

We report that the genes for the homologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD10 and human ERCC-1 DNA excision repair proteins harbor overlapping antisense transcription units in their 3' regions. Since naturally occurring antisense transcription is rare in S. cerevisiae and humans (this is the first example in human cells), our findings indicate that antisense transcription in the ERCC-1-RAD10 gene regions represents an evolutionarily conserved feature.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (1990)

The relationship between leukotriene C4 (LTC4), platelet activating factor (PAF), and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was studied in nine patients and 84 control subjects. A leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay induced by each of the ligands was used to monitor the subjects for 3 consecutive days or until clinical recovery was noted. LAI was considered to be positive if the nonadherence index (NAI) was greater than 30 for LTC4 or greater than 20 for PAF. LAI was negative in all healthy subjects using both ligands. LTC4-induced LAI was positive in all nine ARDS patients and reverted to negative after recovery from the syndrome, while three (33.3%) of nine patients responded to PAF. In contrast, of the 84 control subjects, LAI was induced by LTC4 in only three (3.3%) and by PAF in five (5.9%). The mean NAI (52.2 +/- 18) of LTC4-induced LAI in ARDS patients was significantly (p less than .05) higher when compared with the control group (-5 +/- 6.4), whereas that of PAF-induced LAI was less than 20 in both groups, indicating that LTC4 is a more specific ligand than PAF. All three patients in whom ARDS was caused by sepsis responded to both LTC4 and PAF, but results of specific receptor-antagonist experiments indicated that each compound acted independently. The mean NAI for LTC4 (58.5 +/- 10) and PAF (49.1 +/- 12) in patients with septic ARDS were significantly (p less than .05) higher when compared with those of patients with sepsis alone (0.5 +/- 9.9 and 4.4 +/- 17, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Common DNA sequences with potential for detection of genetically manipulated organisms in food (1998)

Foods produced by genetic engineering technology are now appearing on the market and many more are likely to emerge in the future. The safety aspects, regulation, and labelling of these foods are still contentious issues in most countries and recent surveys highlight consumer concerns about the safety and labelling of genetically modified food. In most countries it is necessary to have approval for the use of genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs) in the production of food. In order to police regulations, a technology to detect such foods is desirable. In addition, a requirement to label approved genetically modified food would necessitate a monitoring system. One solution is to 'tag' approved GMOs with some form of biological or genetic marker, permitting the surveillance of foods for the presence of approved products of genetic engineering. While non-approved GMOs would not be detected by such a surveillance, they might be detected by a screen for DNA sequences common to all or most GMOs. This review focuses on the potential of using common DNA sequences as detection probes for GMOs. The identification of vector sequences, plant transcription terminators, and marker genes by PCR and hybridization techniques is discussed.
A Variable Speed Magnetic Gear Box Using Contra-Rotating Input Shafts (2010)

This paper presents analytical, simulation, and practical analyses of a variable speed magnetic gearbox (MG) that uses contra-rotating (CR) input shafts. The CR turbine comprises two sets of rotors one behind the other: one rotor rotates in a clockwise direction while the other rotor rotates in an anticlockwise direction. Our magnetic gear magnetically combines the two CR input shafts into a single variable speed output shaft, and consists of three rotating parts: two contra-rotating low-speed input shafts and a single high-speed output shaft. Theoretical analysis is presented to show how to control the speed of the output shaft via control of the speeds of the two input shafts. This analysis is then supported by simulation and experimentation. The paper discusses the MG torque transmission capability by presenting pull-out torque test results and efficiency information when being driven through the different load torque shafts. The effective ratio of the MG is explained in terms of its torque curve result. A prototype gearbox was built, having been designed with an electromagnetic finite-element software package, and evaluated using a practical test rig.
Integrating nanowires with substrates using directed assembly and nanoscale soldering (2006)

This paper describes a new methodology for integrating nanowires with micropatterned substrates using directed assembly and nanoscale soldering. Nanowires containing ferromagnetic nickel segments were fabricated by electrodeposition in nanoporous membranes. The nanowires were released by dissolution of the membrane and subsequently aligned relative to micropatterned substrates using magnetic field-directed assembly. After assembly, the wires were permanently bonded to the substrates using solder reflow to form low-resistance electrical contacts. This is the first demonstration of the use of nanoscale solder reflow to form low-resistance electrical interconnects between nanowires and substrates, and we demonstrated the utility of the strategy by fabricating a nanowire-based functional analog integrator.
Understanding the large-scale structure of magnetic fields in the corona and heliosphere (1995)

To understand the non-radial nature of the southwestern streamer in the 3 November 1994 eclipse and the near absence of a latitudinal gradient of the interplanetary magnetic field strength seen by Ulysses over the southern pole, we calculate the coronal and inter planetary magnetic field from WSO photospheric field data using both the horizontal current-current sheet model (Zhao and Hoeksema, 1994) and the current sheet-source surface model (Zhao and Hoeksema, 1995). These models account for the effects of large-currents and current sheets in the corona. Comparison of the calculated results with white light, X-ray, and IMF observations show that non-radial coronal streamers and a near-zero latitudinal gradient of the radial component of the IMF may be explained by a large-scale current sheet. To best match the observations, the height of the cusp point (above which current sheets form) differs from one streamer to another. While heliospheric volume currents flowing above the source surface certainly affect the interplanetary field, they have little or no influence on the structure of the corona.