gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Mu opioid receptor mRNA in rat brain: An in situ hybridization study at the single cell level (1994)

The mu (mu) opioid receptors, which mediate the effects of morphine, are widely distributed in brain. We have examined the distribution of mRNA encoding a mu opioid receptor in rat brain with in situ hybridization histochemistry at the single-cell level to obtain information about the cell types synthesizing this receptor. Only neurons, not glia, were labeled in discrete brain regions. High levels of labeling were detected in the thalamus, striosomes of the caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, and brain regions involved in nociception, arousal, respiratory control, and, possibly, addiction. The general distribution of the receptor mRNA paralleled that of mu opioid binding sites with some notable exceptions. These include the cerebral cortex, which contains binding sites, but very few labeled neurons. No labeling was observed in the cerebellum, a region devoid of mu binding sites. Three main findings emerged from these experiments: 1) the mRNA was present in regions mediating both the therapeutic (analgesia) and the unwanted (respiratory depression, addiction) effects of morphine, 2) the mRNA was very densely expressed by neurons known to receive dense enkephalin-containing inputs, and 3) the dissociation between the presence of binding sites and absence of mRNA in some brain regions supports a presynaptic localization of mu opioid receptors in these areas. Alternatively, other subtypes of mu opioid receptors may be encoded by a different mRNA. These results provide new insights into the receptor types and neuronal circuits involved in the effects of endogenous opioids and morphine.
Preparation and characterization of base-sensitive destructible surfactants (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of base-sensitive destructible surfactantsDavid A. Jaeger, C. Timothy Finley, Mark R. Walter, and Craig A. MartinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 3956–3959Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00371a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nuclear matrix association of multiple sequence-specific DNA binding activities related to SP-1, ATF, CCAAT, C/EBP, OCT-1, and AP-1 (1993)

The association of DNA binding proteins with the nuclear matrix may be related to a functional role of this subcellular structure in chromatin organization and gene regulation. In this study, nuclear matrix preparations from human HeLa S3 cervical carcinoma and rat ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma cells were assayed for the presence of DNA binding activities using consensus binding sequences of well-characterized transcription factors as probes. Competition analysis shows that each probe interacts with different nuclear matrix proteins in a sequence-specific manner and that DNA binding activities related to or identical with SP-1, ATF, CCAAT, C/EBP, OCT-1, and AP-1 are present in the nuclear matrix fraction of different cell types. Comparison of the relative abundance of these transcription factor binding activities in nuclear matrix and nonmatrix nuclear fractions suggests that the distribution between these two fractions is cell type specific, cell growth dependent, or independent of these biological parameters. These results are consistent with the postulated role of the nuclear matrix in transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
An Investigation into the Natriuretic Effects of Gamma Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (2008)

Gamma‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (gMSH) is a peptide that is secreted by the pituitary gland. It exerts it effects via the receptor, melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R). Among its other functions, this hormone has also been shown to promote sodium excretion (natriuresis) via a direct action on the kidney. Our aim is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these natriuretic effects using in vivo and cell culture methodologies. For in vivo studies, gMSH or saline was infused into the renal medulla of male Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats. Urine was collected and sodium levels were measured by flame photometry. WKY rats were fed either a normal salt or a high salt diet for 2 weeks (n =4). Proteins extracts from the cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla/papilla were probed with a MC3R‐specific antibody. For cell culture studies, inner medulla/papilla was dissected and digested with collagenase. Collecting duct cells were enriched by hypotonic lysis and were grow in primary culture on collagen‐coated dishes. Protein extracts of cultured cells were probed with antibodies against MC3R, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and ENaC. Our results show that direct infusion of gMSH into the renal medulla triggers a rapid natriuresis. Secondly, a high salt diet causes an increased expression of the MC3R only in the inner medulla/papilla. Finally, primary cultures of inner medulla/papilla collecting duct cells express MC3R AQP2 and ENaC. Therefore, we have demonstrated that gMSH has a natriuretic effect when infused into the medulla. We have strong evidence that the target of this hormone is collecting duct cells in the inner medulla/papilla. We have also developed a cell culture model to further continue these studies.
Optical damage at the part per million level: the role of trace contamination in laser-induced optical damage (1994)

Although sealed, Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers are carefully designed to ensure that the laser intensities in the optical train are well below the intrinsic damage threshold of all components, optical damage remains a frequently encountered long term failure mode. It has been found that during continuous elevated temperature operation (greater than approximately equals 50 degree(s)C), optical damage can occur in a matter of hours. Using a recently developed technique, we have shown that most (if not all) of this damage is due to trace contamination from a variety of sources. In a pure nitrogen environment, even the levels of contamination typical in the output of ultrahigh purity gas bottles is sufficient to induced damage at temperatures greater than approximately equals 60 degree(s)C. This paper describes a method which may be used to identify the types of contaminants most likely to induced optical damage and the levels of contamination at which damage may occur. The application of this method may be extended to provide a broad data base for the use by laser designers in selecting materials and by future researchers in identifying the root causes of contamination-induced damage mechanisms.
Gravel Pack Sizing Criteria - It's Time to Re-Evaluate (2016)

Abstract Correct sizing of Gravel packs for sand retention in Gravel Pack and Frac Pack completions has been a controversial topic for many years dating back to the 1960's. One of the earliest studies completed, and still most often cited, was by Saucier in 1974. Saucier proposed sizing the gravel based on the median size of the formation (d50 * 6). The Saucier criteria is still often used and works well for many applications. In 1998, Tiffin furthered the Saucier work in SPE 39437 and suggested that for some specific formation sands, the gravel could be size as much as 7–8 times the median size of the formation. In both bodies of work, the median size of the formation is really the only formation size parameter that is considered in the gravel pack size selection. In the ensuing years, much has been published regarding sand retention testing, but the criteria for gravel pack size selection has not been updated or addressed. In 2012 Martch et al. suggested a new method which correlated sand retention data to a ratio of the effective formation size and the gravel pack pore size (SPE 151865). In this series of work, the gravel pack pore size is further evaluated using the permeability of the gravel pack and other methods. A new sizing method is proposed which is based on the "effective formation size", (Formation d50 / Uniformity Coefficient) as well as the gravel pack pore size. In this manner, the gravel pack is effectively treated like a screen and the selection of gravel pack size becomes similar to the selection of screen size. The sand retention testing used to validate this selection criteria was performed using both constant drawdown and constant rate test methods. These represent the two most common methods used in the industry. The amount of solids produced, the size of the solids produced, and the initial and final gravel pack permeability are measured and reported for each test.
Phenserine regulates translation of β-amyloid precursor protein mRNA by a putative interleukin-1 responsive element, a target for drug development (2001)

The reduction in levels of the potentially toxic amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) has emerged as one of the most important therapeutic goals in Alzheimer's disease. Key targets for this goal are factors that affect the expression and processing of the Abeta precursor protein (betaAPP). Earlier reports from our laboratory have shown that a novel cholinesterase inhibitor, phenserine, reduces betaAPP levels in vivo. Herein, we studied the mechanism of phenserine's actions to define the regulatory elements in betaAPP processing. Phenserine treatment resulted in decreased secretion of soluble betaAPP and Abeta into the conditioned media of human neuroblastoma cells without cellular toxicity. The regulation of betaAPP protein expression by phenserine was posttranscriptional as it suppressed betaAPP protein expression without altering betaAPP mRNA levels. However, phenserine's action was neither mediated through classical receptor signaling pathways, involving extracellular signal-regulated kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, nor was it associated with the anticholinesterase activity of the drug. Furthermore, phenserine reduced expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter fused to the 5'-mRNA leader sequence of betaAPP without altering expression of a control chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter. These studies suggest that phenserine reduces Abeta levels by regulating betaAPP translation via the recently described iron regulatory element in the 5'-untranslated region of betaAPP mRNA, which has been shown previously to be up-regulated in the presence of interleukin-1. This study identifies an approach for the regulation of betaAPP expression that can result in a substantial reduction in the level of Abeta.
A Microwave Propagation Prediction Tool, MPT, and its performance in practice (1990)

A Microwave Propagation Prediction Tool, MPT, has been developed in support of planning microwave video distribution systems, (MVDS) and amplitude modulated links (AML). Contour data from either pre-digitised or hand-digitised maps is transformed to height estimations on a regular grid. The transformation method is described. Propagation predictions are based on an inverse square law with allowances for earth curvature and terrain diffraction effects. Land usage is allowed for by increasing the apparent ground height in wooded and urban areas. Signal strength contour plots and 3D plots are used to present results. Coloured background to contour plots indicates land relief. Road positions and land usage are included as these enable a viewer to orient himself. The suite is written in C under UNIX and run on a 68030 computer system. >
A Self-Alignment Algorithm for SINS Based on Gravitational Apparent Motion and Sensor Data Denoising (2015)

Initial alignment is always a key topic and difficult to achieve in an inertial navigation system (INS). In this paper a novel self-initial alignment algorithm is proposed using gravitational apparent motion vectors at three different moments and vector-operation. Simulation and analysis showed that this method easily suffers from the random noise contained in accelerometer measurements which are used to construct apparent motion directly. Aiming to resolve this problem, an online sensor data denoising method based on a Kalman filter is proposed and a novel reconstruction method for apparent motion is designed to avoid the collinearity among vectors participating in the alignment solution. Simulation, turntable tests and vehicle tests indicate that the proposed alignment algorithm can fulfill initial alignment of strapdown INS (SINS) under both static and swinging conditions. The accuracy can either reach or approach the theoretical values determined by sensor precision under static or swinging conditions.
Independent and Interdependent Immunoregulatory Effects of IL-27, IFN-β, and IL-10 in the Suppression of Human Th17 Cells and Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2013)

IFN-β, IL-27, and IL-10 have been shown to exert a range of similar immunoregulatory effects in murine and human experimental systems, particularly in Th1- and Th17-mediated models of autoimmune inflammatory disease. In this study we sought to translate some of our previous findings in murine systems to human in vitro models and delineate the interdependence of these different cytokines in their immunoregulatory effects. We demonstrate that human IL-27 upregulates IL-10 in T cell-activated PBMC cultures and that IFN-β drives IL-27 production in activated monocytes. IFN-β-driven IL-27 is responsible for the upregulation of IL-10, but not IL-17 suppression, by IFN-β in human PBMCs. Surprisingly, IL-10 is not required for the suppression of IL-17 by either IL-27 or IFN-β in this model or in de novo differentiating Th17 cells, nor is IL-27 signaling required for the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by IFN-β in vivo. Furthermore, and even more surprisingly, IL-10 is not required for the suppression of Th17-biased EAE by IL-27, in sharp contrast to Th1-biased EAE. In conclusion, IFN-β and IL-27 both induce human IL-10, both suppress human Th17 responses, and both suppress murine EAE. However, IL-27 signaling is not required for the therapeutic effect of IFN-β in EAE. Suppression of Th17-biased EAE by IL-27 is IL-10-independent, in contrast to its mechanism of action in Th1-biased EAE. Taken together, these findings delineate a complex set of interdependent and independent immunoregulatory mechanisms of IFN-β, IL-27, and IL-10 in human experimental models and in murine Th1- and Th17-driven autoimmunity.
Regulation of Ras–MAPK pathway mitogenic activity by restricting nuclear entry of activated MAPK in endoderm differentiation of embryonic carcinoma and stem cells (2004)

In response to retinoic acid, embryonic stem and carcinoma cells undergo differentiation to embryonic primitive endoderm cells, accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation. Differentiation does not reduce the activation of cellular MAPK/Erk, but does uncouple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation from phosphorylation/activation of Elk-1 and results in inhibition of c-Fos expression, whereas phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic substrate p90RSK remains unaltered. Cell fractionation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that activated MAPK is restricted to the cytoplasmic compartment after differentiation. An intact actin and microtubule cytoskeleton appears to be required for the restriction of MAPK nuclear entry induced by retinoic acid treatment because the cytoskeletal disrupting agents nocodazole, colchicine, and cytochalasin D are able to revert the suppression of c-Fos expression. Thus, suppression of cell proliferation after retinoic acid-induced endoderm differentiation of embryonic stem and carcinoma cells is achieved by restricting nuclear entry of activated MAPK, and an intact cytoskeleton is required for the restraint.
POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA IS ASSOCIATED WITH BOTH HLA-DRB1<sup>*</sup>0401 and DRBl<sup>*</sup>0404 (1996)

The frequency of HLA-DRB1 alleles was determined in 68 Caucasoid patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and 140 controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing. In keeping with previous studies, an increased frequency of DRB1*04 was observed in patients [55.9% vs 35.0%, odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-4.4]. HLA-DRB1*0101 frequency was also increased in patients, although less confidence could be placed on this association (19.1% vs 14.3%, OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.6-3.3). HLA-DRB1*04 subtyping indicated that the frequencies of both DRB1*0401 (38.2% vs 22.1%, OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.3) and DRB1*0404 (16.2% vs 5.0%, OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.1) were specifically raised. An increased frequency of the RA shared epitope (QKRAA/QRRAA) was also observed in this group (75.0% vs 44.2%, OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.9-7.6). When the analysis was restricted to only DRB1*04-negative patients and controls, the frequencies of DRB1*0301, *11 and *08 were marginally raised. However, no obvious relationship appeared to exist between PMR susceptibility and DRB1 alleles carrying the DYF conserved epitope in the second hypervariable region. Autoantibodies to thyroid antigens were present in 23% of patients. An increased frequency of DRB1*0301 was observed in patients with thyroid microsomal antibodies compared to those without (54.5% vs 24.6%, OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.8-17.0). This increase was not observed in patients with thyroglobulin autoantibodies. These data indicate that both DRB1*0401 and *0404 are associated with PMR, and that this may extend to include DRB1*0101. The immunogenetic profile of susceptibility markers in this condition appears to be similar to that in rheumatoid arthritis.
Effects of various growth factors on growth of a cloned human esophageal squamous cancer cell line in a protein-free medium. (1992)

In order to investigate molecular mechanisms of the growth of human esophageal cancer in relation to growth factors, we have recently established a protein-free culture system [Ham's F-12: Eagle's minimum essential medium (1:1, v/v)] of TE-3-OS cells (a cloned cell line from human esophageal squamous cancer, TE-3). In the present study, we first examined effects of exogenous growth factors on the growth of TE-3-OS cells. The growth of TE-3-OS cells in the protein-free medium was significantly stimulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I or IGF-II, and less effectively stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha; platelet-derived growth factor, TFG-beta, acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or basic FGF had no effects. TE-3-OS cells contained specific IGF-I binding sites (110,000 sites/cell), with a Kd value of 800 pM. Moreover, the growth induced by IGF-I, IGF-II or insulin was markedly and similarly (70-80%) inhibited by anti-IGF-I receptor antibody IgG. These data suggest that IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin, as well as EGF and TGF-alpha, are important mitogens for human esophageal cancer cells and that effects of IGFs and insulin are mediated predominantly via IGF-I receptors.
Electrically controlled polarized photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS nanorods embedded in a liquid crystal template (2012)

A novel homogeneous composite material, consisting of luminescent CdSe/ZnS quantum nanorods, embedded in the nematic liquid crystal 5CB, has been prepared. Liquid crystal cells and free-standing stretched polymer films incorporating this composite material were characterized using polarized micro-photoluminescence and electro-optical measurements under an applied electric field. A liquid crystal induced, macroscopic orientation of the nanorods in a thin layer of the material has been demonstrated. A conventional liquid crystal cell, filled with this composite, exhibits 40% modulation of the nanorod's photoluminescence intensity when subjected to an external electric field. These results indicate that quantum nanorods may have practical applications in photonic devices.
Access the Web: Best Practices (2011)

Book chapter reviewing 10 best practices websites for Access Services. Included in Best Practices in Access Services, edited by Lori Driscoll and W. Bede Mitchell, Routledge: New York, 2009.
Lack of effect of acyclovir on postherpetic neuralgia. (1989)

cytotoxic drugs, just when the risk of emesis is highest. Conversely, in the placebo group antiemetic drug concentrations would have been lower during the period of maximum risk of emesis and approaching a steady state only the next day. Other drugs likely to accumulate during pretreatment may also be suitable, and their pharmacokinetics should be studied.
Optimal arytenoid adduction based on quantitative real‐time voice analysis (2011)

V(E) and perturbation parameters were sensitive to the degree of arytenoid rotation. Using real-time voice analysis may aid surgeons in determining the optimal degree of arytenoid rotation when performing AA. Testing this method in patients and determining if optimal vocal outcomes are associated with optimal respiratory and swallowing outcomes will be essential to establishing clinical viability.
Rheology of polydimethylsiloxane swollen with supercritical carbon dioxide (1997)

Viscosity curves were measured for polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) melts swollen with dissolved carbon dioxide at 50 and 80°C for shear rates ranging from 40 to 2300 s−1, and for carbon dioxide contents ranging from 0 to 21 wt %. The measurements were performed with a capillary extrusion rheometer modified for sealed, high-pressure operation to prevent degassing of the melt during extrusion. The concentration-dependent viscosity curves for these systems are self-similar in shape, exhibiting low-shear rate Newtonian plateau regions followed by shear-thinning “power-law” regions. Considerable reduction of viscosity is observed as the carbon dioxide content is increased. Classical viscoelastic scaling methods, employing a composition-dependent shift factor to scale both viscosity and shear rate, were used to reduce the viscosity data to a master curve at each temperature. The dependence of the shift factors on polymer chain density and free volume were investigated by comparing the shift factors for PDMS-CO2 systems to those obtained by iso-free volume dilutions of high molecular weight PDMS. This comparison suggests that the free volume added to PDMS upon swelling with dissolved carbon dioxide is the predominant mechanism for viscosity reduction in those systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 523–534, 1997
Isolation of phenol-degrading Bacillus stearothermophilus and partial characterization of the phenol hydroxylase (1989)

Bacillus stearothermophilus BR219, isolated from river sediment, degraded phenol at levels to 15 mM at a rate of 0.85 mumol/h (4 x 10(6) cells). The solubilized phenol hydroxylase was NADH dependent, exhibited a 55 degrees C temperature optimum for activity, and was not inhibited by 0.5 mM phenol.