gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured board level simulation using Verilog (2002)

Board level simulation is an area of growing interest given the high levels of integration and complexity on boards today. The main motivation for performing a board level simulation is to improve design quality and shorten the design cycle through fewer circuit board turns. This paper presents a high level interface method used to control a board level simulation that has been implemented on an acquisition board design within Tektronix. The main strategic advantages to the interface method that was used include re-usability of the simulation modules, a simplified interface for firmware verification, and versatility in sub-section testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Algorithm for Electrical Impedance Tomography Inverse Problem (2009)

This paper proposes new technique for solution of electrical impedance tomography inverse problems. Usually, a set of voltage measurements is acquired from the boundaries of an investigated volume, whilst this is subjected to a sequence of low-frequency current patterns. In principle, measuring both the amplitude and the phase angle of the voltage can result in images of the electric conductivity and permittivity in the interior of a body. Alternating current patterns are preferred to DC to avoid polarization efiects. In the usual frequency range (below 1MHz) the fleld can be considered a steady current fleld, which is governed by the Laplace equation. It is well known that while the forward problem is well-posed, the inverse problem is nonlinear and highly ill-posed. The recently described methods are often based on deterministic or stochastic approach to solve mainly 2D problems. The aim of this paper is to present a new way for a successful image reconstruction to obtain high-quality reconstruction in electrical impedance tomography problems. Numerical results of an image reconstruction based on new technique are presented and compared. 1. INTRODUCTION The electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a widely investigated problem with many applica- tions in physical and biological sciences. Geophysical imaging is used for searching underground conducting ∞uid plumes near the surface and obtaining information about rock porosity or fracture formation. Another application of EIT is for example in non-destructive testing and identiflca- tion of material defects like cracks or identiflcation of corrosion in production materials. Medical imaging can be used primarily for the detection of pulmonary emboli, non-invasive monitoring of heart function and blood ∞ow, and for breast cancer detection. The theoretical background of EIT is given in (1). The principle of EIT is based on the back image reconstruction, which is highly ill-posed inverse problem. The aim is to reconstruct, as accurately and fast as possible, the internal conductivity or permittivity distributions in two or three dimensional models. The optimization necessitates algorithm that impose regularization and some prior information constraint.
Low variation current source for 90nm CMOS (2008)

We investigate an addition-based current source that reduces the impact of process variation and device mismatch without post-fabrication efforts. By optimizing the transistor size and taking the advantage of the nonlinearity associated with real resistors in 90 nm CMOS technology, we are able to achieve significant performance improvement. Simulation based on the proposed circuit topology shows more than 67% reduction in the current variation of an equally sized single transistor current source.
Digital forensics (2000)

Computing operates in an almost universally networked environment, but the technical aspects of information protection have not kept up. As a result, the success of information security programs has increasingly become a function of our ability to make prudent management decisions about organizational activities. Managing Network Security takes a management view of protection and seeks to reconcile the need for security with the limitations of technology.
No clear evidence of a clinical benefit of a sequential therapy regimen with abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide (2014)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in most western countries. New agents for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) developed in the past 3 years include abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (ENZ), which inhibit signaling by and synthesis of androgens, respectively. Because they share the same target, potential clinical cross-resistance between AA and E is possible. In this review, we discuss the results of clinical studies in which CRPC patients were treated with AA and E either separately or in sequence after first-line treatment with docetaxel. Our review suggests that sequential administration of AA and E in either order has limited activity after docetaxel therapy. Prospective studies that further examine sequential treatments with AA and E are warranted.
Identification and Characterization of the Endocytic Transmembrane Glycoprotein Endo180 as a Novel Collagen Receptor (2003)

Endo180, a member of the mannose receptor family, is constitutively recycled between clathrin-coated pits on the cell surface and intracellular endosomes. Its large extracellular domain contains an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain, a single fibronectin type II domain and eight C-type lectin-like domains. The second of these lectin-like domains has been shown to mediate Ca2+-dependent mannose binding. In addition, cross-linking studies have identified Endo180 as a urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein and this interaction can be blocked by collagen V. Here we demonstrate directly using in vitro assays, cell-based studies and tissue immunohistochemistry that Endo180 binds both to native and denatured collagens and provide evidence that this is mediated by the fibronectin type II domain. In cell culture systems, expression of Endo180 results in the rapid uptake of soluble collagens for delivery to lysosomal degradative compartments. Together with the observed restricted expression of Endo180 in both embryonic and adult tissue, we propose that Endo180 plays a physiological role in mediating collagen matrix remodelling during tissue development and homeostasis and that the observed receptor upregulation in pathological conditions may contribute to disease progression.
Synthesen mit α‐metallierten Isocyaniden, XXVIII<sup>1)</sup> In 2‐Stellung unsubstituierte Oxazole aus α‐metallierten Isocyaniden und Acylierungsreagenzien (1975)

Abstract Die in 2‐Stellung unsubstituierten Oxazole 6 (vgl. Tabelle 1) erhält man aus den α‐metallierten Isocyaniden 2 und Acylierungsmitteln wie den Säurechloriden 3 , den Carbonsäureestern 4 oder den Carbonsäureamiden 5 . Zwischenstufen sind die β‐Ketoisocyanide 7 , die entweder in situ oder beim Aufarbeiten cyclisieren. — Aus Kalium‐2‐isocyanpropionsäure‐äthylester (12) und enolisierbaren Carbonsäurechloriden entstehen die 5‐Alkyliden‐4‐methyloxazolin‐4‐carbonsäure‐äthylester 15 . — Aus Kalium‐isocyanessigsäure‐äthylester ( 2a , M = K) und 0.5 Äquivalenten Chlorameisensäure‐äthylester erhält man Kalium‐isocyanmalonsäure‐diäthylester ( 8 , R 1 = CO 2 C 2 H 5 , R 2 = OC 2 H 5 ), der in situ mit Alkylhalogeniden zu den α‐Alkyl‐α‐isocyanmalonsäure‐diäthylestern 16 umzusetzen ist, den Vorstufen für höhere Aminosäuren.
Optical Third Harmonic Generation in Gases by a Focused Laser Beam (1969)

Optical third-harmonic generation at 2314 \AA{} using a focused ruby laser beam (6943 \AA{}) has been observed in a number of gases. A theory of third-harmonic generation by focused beams is presented which is used to derive atomic (or molecular) third-harmonic coefficients from the experimental data. An ambiguity in choice of a sign leads to two alternative sets of coefficients. One set is preferred on the basis of general agreement with data given in or derived from the literature: Theoretical calculations of the third-harmonic coefficients, measurements of the Kerr effect and theoretical dc hyperpolariabilities. For helium the measured absolute value is ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{He}}=(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{3}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}39}$ esu/atom. For other gases the experimental values of $\ensuremath{\chi}$ in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}39}$ esu/atom and scaled to ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{He}}=4.0$ (a theoretical value due to Sitz and Yaris which is thought to be reliable to about 1%) are: Ne 8.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.5; Ar 126 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 20; Kr 386 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 75; Xe 979 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 150; ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ 80 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 12; C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ 156 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 23; ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ 107 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 11. Some data for ${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{2})}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, air, and glass are also presented.
Frequency Shifts of an Electric-Dipole Resonance near a Conducting Surface (1984)

The resonance frequency of an electric dipole placed near a conducting surface is shifted by the dipole-surface interaction. This Letter reports the observation and measurement of these shifts at optical frequencies for an experimental system that consists of a metal island film spaced a distance $d$ from a continuous Ag film. The dependence of the shift in the frequency of the island resonance on $d$ shows good agreement with that predicted by a classical theory of the dipole-surface interaction.
Human factors comparison of a procedural and a nonprocedural query language (1981)

Two experiments testing the ability of subjects to write queries in two different query languages were run. The two languages, SQL and TABLET, differ primarily in their procedurality; both languages use the relational data model, and their Halstead levels are similar. Constructs in the languages which do not affect their procedurality are identical. The two languages were learned by the experimental subjects almost exclusively from manuals presenting the same examples and problems ordered identically for both languages. The results of the experiments show that subjects using the more procedural language wrote difficult queries better than subjects using the less procedural language. The results of the experiments are also used to compare corresponding constructs in the two languages and to recommend improvements for these constructs.
“ <i>Candidatus</i> Accumulibacter” Population Structure in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Sludges as Revealed by Polyphosphate Kinase Genes (2007)

We investigated the fine-scale population structure of the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" lineage in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems using the polyphosphate kinase 1 gene (ppk1) as a genetic marker. We retrieved fragments of "Candidatus Accumulibacter" 16S rRNA and ppk1 genes from one laboratory-scale and several full-scale EBPR systems. Phylogenies reconstructed using 16S rRNA genes and ppk1 were largely congruent, with ppk1 granting higher phylogenetic resolution and clearer tree topology and thus serving as a better genetic marker than 16S rRNA for revealing population structure within the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" lineage. Sequences from at least five clades of "Candidatus Accumulibacter" were recovered by ppk1-targeted PCR, and subsequently, specific primer sets were designed to target the ppk1 gene for each clade. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays using "Candidatus Accumulibacter"-specific 16S rRNA and "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clade-specific ppk1 primers were developed and conducted on three laboratory-scale and nine full-scale EBPR samples and two full-scale non-EBPR samples to determine the abundance of the total "Candidatus Accumulibacter" lineage and the relative distributions and abundances of the five "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clades. The qPCR-based estimation of the total "Candidatus Accumulibacter" fraction as a proportion of the bacterial community as measured using 16S rRNA genes was not significantly different from the estimation measured using ppk1, demonstrating the power of ppk1 as a genetic marker for detection of all currently defined "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clades. The relative distributions of "Candidatus Accumulibacter" clades varied among different EBPR systems and also temporally within a system. Our results suggest that the "Candidatus Accumulibacter" lineage is more diverse than previously realized and that different clades within the lineage are ecologically distinct.
A Quantitative Measure of the Mitotic Pairing of Alleles in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and the Influence of Structural Heterozygosity (1996)

In Drosophila there exist several examples of gene expression that can be modified by an interaction between alleles; this effect is known as transvection. The inference that alleles interact comes from the observations that homologous chromosomes pair in mitotically dividing cells, and that chromosome rearrangements can alter the phenotype produced by a pair of alleles. It is thought that heterozygous rearrangements impede the ability of alleles to pair and interact. However, because the existing data are inconsistent, this issue is not fully settled. By measuring the frequency of site-specific recombination between homologous chromosomes, we show that structural heterozygosity inhibits the pairing of alleles that lie distal to a rearrangement breakpoint. We suggest that some of the apparent conflicts may owe to variations in cell-cycle lengths in the tissues where the relevant allelic interactions occur. Cells with a longer cell cycle have more time to establish the normal pairing relationships that have been disturbed by rearrangements. In support, we show that Minute mutations, which slow the rate of cell division, partially restore a transvection effect that is disrupted by inversion heterozygosity.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Psl polysaccharide reduces neutrophil phagocytosis and the oxidative response by limiting complement-mediated opsonization (2011)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic lung infections in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Psl is an extracellular polysaccharide expressed by non-mucoid P. aeruginosa strains, which are believed to be initial colonizers. We hypothesized that Psl protects P. aeruginosa from host defences within the CF lung prior to their conversion to the mucoid phenotype. We discovered that serum opsonization significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils exposed to a psl-deficient mutant, compared with wild-type (WT) and Psl overexpressing strains (Psl(++)). Psl-deficient P. aeruginosa were internalized and killed by neutrophils and macrophages more efficiently than WT and Psl(++) variants. Deposition of complement components C3, C5 and C7 was significantly higher on psl-deficient strains compared with WT and Psl(++) bacteria. In an in vivo pulmonary competition assay, there was a 4.5-fold fitness advantage for WT over psl-deficient P. aeruginosa. Together, these data show that Psl inhibits efficient opsonization, resulting in reduced neutrophil ROS production, and decreased killing by phagocytes. This provides a survival advantage in vivo. Since phagocytes are critical in early recognition and control of infection, therapies aimed at Psl could improve the quality of life for patients colonized with P. aeruginosa.
Ultrasonic Fatigue Properties of Age-hardened Al Alloy in High Humidity (2011)

Summary Abstract Al alloys have been widely used as engineering materials in many ma- chines and structures because of their excellent properties such as high specific strength, high resistance to corrosion and easy to recycle. Especially, high strength Al alloys are effective to reduce environment load through achieving low fuel con- sumption in automobile engines. On the other hand, high strength Al alloys have no definite fatigue limit and their fatigue strengths are very low in comparison with their high static strengths. It is important to know the fatigue strength of high strength Al alloys in the long life region beyond 10 7 cycles to ensure strength integrity for long-term service. However, fatigue test over 10 7 cycles is a time con- suming task that will take days and months. Ultrasonic fatigue test, therefore, is one of attractive methods in terms of time saving, though many problems such as the effects of loading frequency and environmental conditions need to be clarified. In the present study, in order to investigate the availability of ultrasonic fatigue technology for the evaluation of fatigue properties of Al alloys under conventional loading frequency, fatigue tests under both ultrasonic frequency (20kHz) and ro- tating bending (50Hz) were carried out for an age-hardened Al alloy 7075-T6 in seven kinds of humidity controlled environments, i.e. 25, 50, 70 and 85% humid- ity, distilled water, oxygen gas and nitrogen gas, respectively. Although fatigue strength decreased slightly at humidity below 60-70%, significant degradations oc- curred above that level of humidity, irrespective of the fatigue frequency. However, the degradation mechanisms involved in the rotating bending fatigue and the ul- trasonic fatigue are different. In the rotating bending fatigue, the acceleration of crack growth due to brittle fracture was the main reason for the decrease in fa- tigue strength. In the ultrasonic fatigue, however, the transition from tensile mode to shear mode cracking accompanied with glide plane decohesion and voids for- mation was responsible. The change in crack growth mode was obvious from the dominated fracture morphologies corresponding to each crack growth.
Retroviral mediated gene transfer into bone marrow progenitor cells: use of beta-galactosidase as a selectable marker (1990)

Recombinant retroviruses have been utilized as vectors for gene transfer in model systems of gene therapy. Since many of these model systems require the transplantation of genetically modified primary cells it is important to devise methods which will allow the rapid and efficient selection for transplantation of only the cells which are capable of expressing high levels of the transferred gene. This report describes the use of beta-galactosidase as such a selectable marker. Bone marrow progenitors are infected with a recombinant retrovirus encoding beta-galactosidase. Using a fluorescence assay for beta-galactosidase we demonstrate that it is possible to use cell sorting to enrich for cells which will form bone marrow colonies that express high levels of beta-galactosidase. This rapid and non-toxic selection of bone marrow cells may facilitate attempts to achieve gene therapy in a variety of model systems.
3D lithium ion batteries—from fundamentals to fabrication (2011)

3D microbatteries are proposed as a step change in the energy and power per footprint of surface mountable rechargeable batteries for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other small electronic devices. Within a battery electrode, a 3D nanoarchitecture gives mesoporosity, increasing power by reducing the length of the diffusion path; in the separator region it can form the basis of a robust but porous solid, isolating the electrodes and immobilising an otherwise fluid electrolyte. 3D microarchitecture of the whole cell allows fabrication of interdigitated or interpenetrating networks that minimise the ionic path length between the electrodes in a thick cell. This article outlines the design principles for 3D microbatteries and estimates the geometrical and physical requirements of the materials. It then gives selected examples of recent progress in the techniques available for fabrication of 3D battery structures by successive deposition of electrodes, electrolytes and current collectors onto microstructured substrates by self-assembly methods.
Modeling structure and flexibility of Candida antarctica lipase B in organic solvents (2008)

The reduced flexibility of Candida antarctica lipase B in organic solvents is caused by a spanning water network resulting from less mobile and slowly exchanging water molecules at the protein-surface. The reduced flexibility of Candida antarctica lipase B in organic solvent is not only caused by the interactions between solvent-protein, but mainly by the formation of a spanning water network.
REDUCTION OF HEAVY-WEIGHT FLOOR IMPACT NOISE BY ACTIVE CONTROL OF CEILING VIBRATION (1999)

Reduction of heavy-weight impact noise was made by the active control of ceiling vibration. Experiment was carried out with a small concrete box (internal dimension: 80×80×80cm) with plywood floor and hardboard ceiling. The vibration acceleration level of the ceiling was decreased by 10 dB and the floor impact noise level by 6 dB by the control system. Furthermore, the floor impact noise level by footstep was decreased by 4 dB.
A phylogenomic approach to reconstructing the diversification of serine proteases in fungi (2004)

Using a phylogenomic approach with 10 fungi of very different virulence and habitat, we determined that there was substantial diversification of subtilase-type proteases early in ascomycete history (with subsequent loss in many lineages) but with no comparable diversification of trypsins. Patterns of intron loss and the degree of divergence between paralogues demonstrated that the proliferation of proteinase K subtilases and subtilisin type subtilases seen in pathogenic ascomycetes (Metarhizium anisopliae, Magnaporthe grisea, Fusarium graminearum) occurred after the basidiomycete/ascomycete split but predated radiation of ascomycete lineages. This suggests that the early ascomycetes had a lifestyle that selected for multiple proteases, whereas the current disparity in gene numbers between ascomycete lineages results from retention of genes in at least some pathogens that have been lost in other lineages (yeasts, Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa). A similar prevailing trend towards lineage specific gene loss of trypsins in saprophytes and some pathogens suggests that their phylogenetic breadth will have been much wider in early fungi than currently.
Accurate measurements of the concentration of hydrogen ions with a glass electrode: calibrations using the Prideaux and other universal buffer solutions and a computer-controlled automatic titrator (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAccurate measurements of the concentration of hydrogen ions with a glass electrode: calibrations using the Prideaux and other universal buffer solutions and a computer-controlled automatic titratorAlex. Avdeef and Jerome J. BucherCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 14, 2137–2142Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50036a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50036a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views573Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts