gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress Chaperones, Mortalin, and Pex19p Mediate 5-Aza-2' Deoxycytidine-Induced Senescence of Cancer Cells by DNA Methylation-Independent Pathway (2007)

DNA demethylating agents are used to reverse epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors in cancer therapeutics. Understanding of the molecular and cellular factors involved in DNA demethylation-induced gene desilencing and senescence is still limited. We have tested the involvement of two stress chaperones, Pex19p and mortalin, in 5-Aza-2' deoxycytidine (5AZA-dC; DNA demethylating agent)-induced senescence. We found that the cells overexpressing these chaperones were highly sensitive to 5AZA-dC, and their partial silencing eliminated 5AZA-dC-induced senescence in human osteosarcoma cells. We demonstrate that these chaperones modulate the demethylation and chromatin remodeling-dependent (as accessed by p16(INK4A) expression) and remodeling-independent (such as activation of tumor suppressor p53 pathway) senescence response of cells. Furthermore, we found the direct interactions of 5AZA-dC with these chaperones that may alter their functions. We conclude that both mortalin and Pex19p are important mediators, prognostic indicators, and tailoring tools for 5AZA-dC-induced senescence in cancer cells.
A 60 mV-3 V input range boost converter with amplitude-regulated and intermittently operating oscillator for energy harvesting (2015)

This paper presents an oscillator-assisted boost converter that can extend the input-voltage range of a conventional boost converter and expand its application opportunities in energy harvesting systems. The input range is enlarged by using a transformer-based oscillator that can provide a sufficient amount of voltage to drive a switched inductor boost converter at ultra-low input voltages. Moreover, the oscillator uses an amplitude regulation circuit (ARC) rather than high power-consuming protective devices to suppress the expansion of the oscillation amplitude at high input voltages, which can avoid overvoltage problems without sacrificing the power efficiency. Additionally, a power-down circuit (PDC) that is controlled by an internal negative voltage is implemented to turn off the oscillator when the boost converter can be driven by its own output. Thus, power consumption by the oscillator can be eliminated and the power efficiency can be improved. The experimental results showed that the proposed circuit enabled an input range from 60 mV to 3 V. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a boost converter supporting a wide input range from sub-100 mV to several volts has been achieved. Furthermore, we also achieved an overall efficiency of more than 42% and a peak efficiency of 93% over this wide input range.
Development and Qualification of a Pharmacodynamic Model for the Pronounced Inoculum Effect of Ceftazidime against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2008)

Evidence is mounting in support of the inoculum effect (i.e., slow killing at large initial inocula [CFUo]) for numerous antimicrobials against a variety of pathogens. Our objectives were to (i) determine the impact of the CFUo of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on ceftazidime activity and (ii) to develop and validate a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) mathematical model accommodating a range of CFUo. Time-kill experiments using ceftazidime at seven concentrations up to 128 mg/liter (MIC, 2 mg/liter) were performed in duplicate against P. aeruginosa PAO1 at five CFUo from 10(5) to 10(9) CFU/ml. Samples were collected over 24 h and fit by candidate models in NONMEM VI and S-ADAPT 1.55 (all data were comodeled). External model qualification integrated data from eight previously published studies. Ceftazidime displayed approximately 3 to 4 log(10) CFU/ml net killing at 10(6.2) CFUo and concentrations of 4 mg/liter (or higher), less than 1.6 log(10) CFU/ml killing at 10(7.3) CFUo, and no killing at 10(8.0) CFUo for concentrations up to 128 mg/liter. The proposed mechanism-based model successfully described the inoculum effect and the concentration-independent lag time of killing. The mean generation time was 28.3 min. The effect of an autolysin was assumed to inhibit successful replication. Ceftazidime concentrations of 0.294 mg/liter stimulated the autolysin effect by 50%. The model was predictive in the internal cross-validation and had excellent in silico predictive performance for published studies of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 for various CFUo. The proposed PKPD model successfully described and predicted the pronounced inoculum effect of ceftazidime in vitro and integrated data from eight literature studies to support translation from time-kill experiments to in vitro infection models.
Instrumenting the city: Developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape (2006)

We approach the design of ubiquitous computing systems in the urban environment as integral to urban design. To understand the city as a system encompassing physical and digital forms and their relationships with people's behaviours, we are developing, applying and refining methods of observing, recording, modelling and analysing the city, physically, digitally and socially. We draw on established methods used in the space syntax approach to urban design. Here we describe how we have combined scanning for discoverable Bluetooth devices with two such methods, gatecounts and static snapshots. We report our experiences in developing, field testing and refining these augmented methods. We present initial findings on the Bluetooth landscape in a city in terms of patterns of Bluetooth presence and Bluetooth naming practices. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.
On the Methionine Sulphoxide of Gelatin (1968)

AbstractMethionine remains unchanged during the preparation of gelatin provided that the treatments do not involve any added oxidant. It is oxidized partially or even completely to methionine sulphoxide when, with the idea of destroying certain impurities, the collagen or gelatin are subjected to purification treatments (hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, hypochlorite). NotesPaper presented at a symposium on “Photographic Gelatin” organized by the Science Commiuee of the Royal Photographic Society on 19–22 September 1967 in Cambridge.
Blood borne transit of CJD from brain to gut at early stages of infection (2001)

Brain lacks significant lymphatic drainage, and has little infectivity before 40 days, even after ic inoculation. Thus the infectious inoculum must spread to the gut by a vascular route, a direction opposite to that generally assumed. This interpretation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating white blood cell infectivity as well as perivascular PrP accumulations in CJD. Notably, enteric infection at early as well as later stages of disease, and regardless of the route of agent entry, implicates potential environmental spread by fecal matter.
Crystallization, Melting, and Enzymatic Degradation of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate-<i>co</i>-14 mol ethylene succinate) Copolyester (2001)

The crystal structure and growth kinetics of melt-crystallized poly(butylene succinate-co-14 mol % ethylene succinate) [P(BS-co-14 mol % ES)] copolyester have been investigated at a wide crystallization temperature range of 30 to 90 degrees C. By means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), the copolyester composed of BS and ES units has been identified to have the same crystal structure with that of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) homopolymer, suggesting that only PBS sequences crystallize while that the ES units are in an amorphous form. On the basis of secondary nucleation theory, two regimes of II and III have been observed and their transition temperature is around 80 degrees C. The spherulitic morphologies of P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) copolyester developed from banded spherulites to the normal ones without banding extinction patterns as the crystallization temperature increased. The melting behavior of P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) copolyester under different conditions has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Four melting peaks and one exothermal peak on the melting curves were observed during heating process, and their origination is discussed. The enzymatic degradation was carried out on the melt-crystallized P(BS-co-14 mol % ES) thin film by an extracellar PHB depolymerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri and the morphologies of lamellar crystals before and after degradation have been examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results have indicated that enzymatically degradable ES units exist on the surface of lamellar crystals and are hydrolyzed by the enzyme, while that the crystalline cores composed of PBS chains are not degraded.
Charge transfer between carbon nanotubes and sulfuric acid as determined by Raman spectroscopy (2012)

The spontaneous interaction between sulfuric acid and carbon nanotubes is studied using Raman spectroscopy. We are able to determine the charge transfer without any additional parameter using the spectral signature of inner and outer walls of double-wall carbon nanotubes. While for the outer wall both the lattice contraction and the nonadiabatic effects contribute to the phonon shift, only the lattice contraction contributes for the inner nanotube. For the outer nanotube, we are able to separate these two contributions of the Raman $G$-band shift as a function of the charge transfer. We have carried out density functional theory calculations on graphene to see how different chemical species (HSO${}_{4}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, H${}_{2}$SO${}_{4}$, H${}^{+}$) affect the electronic band structure and electron-phonon coupling. The Raman $G$-band shift for the outer nanotube, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$, as a function of hole charge transfer per carbon atom, ${f}_{\mathrm{C}}$, is found to be $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}({\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})=(350\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20){f}_{\mathrm{C}}+(101\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)\sqrt{{f}_{\mathrm{C}}}$.
Photo-induced voltage characteristics of La<sub>0.9</sub>Sr<sub>0.1</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>films epitaxially grown on vicinal SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(0 0 1) substrates (2007)

Transient photo-induced voltage characteristics have been studied in La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 films on vicinal cut SrTiO3 (0 0 1) substrates. The as-received thin films are epitaxially grown on the substrates and predominated by a single ( 1 01)-oriented growth. Under irradiation of a 308 nm laser pulse the voltage signal is pulsed and the response time agrees with the laser pulse width. The dependence of the voltage peak on the tilting angles from 0 degrees to 45 degrees is further measured. For the c-axis tilt angle, the largest signal does not appear at 45 degrees and the optimum choice is similar to 30 degrees.
Melatonin directly stimulates the secretion of progesterone by human granulosa cells (1985)

Journal Article Melatonin directly stimulates the secretion of progesterone by human granulosa cells Get access G E Webley, G E Webley Institut für Hormon- und Fortpflanzungsstörungen, Osterstr. 86, 2000 Hamburg 20 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M R Luck M R Luck Institut für Hormon- und Fortpflanzungsstörungen, Osterstr. 86, 2000 Hamburg 20 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 110, Issue 1_Supplement_a, Apr 1979, Pages S91–S92, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.109S091-a Published: 01 April 1985
Two Marine Species of Aphelenchoides (1969)

Aphelenchoides gynotylurus n. sp., found in a salt water pool on the Bay of Bengal, is distinguished by the knob-shaped tail terminus in the female and digitate mucro in the male. The female of the only other known marine member of the genus, A. marinus n. sp., has a longer and acutely conical tail, with a pointed end, and the male has the dorsal limb of the spicule bent ventrally at the tip.
V. Gastrointestinal peptide signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins (1998)

Gastrointestinal (GI) peptides (also referred to as neuropeptides or regulatory peptides), including the mammalian bombesin-like peptides gastrin and CCK, elicit the synthesis of classic second messengers (e.g., Ca2+, diacylglycerol, and cAMP) and the consequent stimulation of serine/threonine protein kinase cascades. An emerging theme in signal transduction is that these agonists also induce rapid and coordinate tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of focal adhesion proteins, including the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase p125fak and the adaptor proteins p130cas and paxillin. GI peptide-mediated induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of these focal adhesion proteins is critically dependent on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton and on functional Rho. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in unraveling this novel tyrosine kinase pathway(s), because it appears to play a fundamental role in the mediation of important biological effects induced by GI peptides, including cell migration and proliferation.
IVUS of micromotors for cardiovascular imaging (1997)

Summary. Intravascular ultrasound is the new gold standard for detection of coronary artery disease. It is an adjunctive diagnostic procedure in cardiac catheterization laboratories. Currently, mechanical single elements or electronic multi-element catheter-based imaging systems are available with significant drawbacks either due to the long catheter drive shaft with an external motor or the multi-element methodological problems of the technology. In order to overcome the limitations of mechanical single element catheters, a micromotor was mounted in the distal part of a scanning compartment in front of a rotating mirror which reflected the ultrasound beam of a 30 MHz transducer. The rotation was between 3000 and 20 000 rev/min, the position accuracy was plusmn;10°, the torque force 1-3μNm, the power dissipation 10-50 mW, the diameter 1 mm, the length 2 mm. Cross-sectional images (360°) are provided. The catheter is connected to a console generating the transmission pulse, amplification of the echo signals and the envelope detection of the ultrasound. The unit is interfaced with a control unit which provides the isolated motor currents with isolated power for the electronics and synchronization signals. For the first time the micromotor tip catheter was used in a 64-year-old patient for imaging the iliac artery in full length. The wall structure, the vessel lumen and even adjacent structures like the iliac vein could be visualized with changes during respiration. Signs of arteriosclerosis were seen by the plaque formation which was located eccentrically. The resolution was as high as with conventional mechanical catheters. Most importantly, no non-uniform rotation artefacts occurred. A micromotor system can be successfully used for replacing the motor drive shaft of catheters which are used for intracoronary and intravascular ultrasound and eliminate non-uniform rotational artefacts due to friction and multiple vessel angulations.
The distribution of faults in a large industrial software system (2002)

A case study is presented using thirteen releases of a large industrial inventory tracking system. Several types of questions are addressed in this study. The first involved examining how faults are distributed over the different files. This included making a distinction between the release during which they were discovered, the lifecycle stage at which they were first detected, and the severity of the fault. The second category of questions we considered involved studying how the size of modules affected their fault density. This included looking at questions like whether or not files with high fault densities at early stages of the lifecycle also had high fault densities during later stages. A third type of question we considered was whether files that contained large numbers of faults during early stages of development, also had large numbers of faults during later stages, and whether faultiness persisted from release to release. Finally, we examined whether newly written files were more fault-prone than ones that were written for earlier releases of the product. The ultimate goal of this study is to help identify characteristics of files that can be used as predictors of fault-proneness, thereby helping organizations determine how best to use their testing resources.
Machine-learned metrics for predicting the likelihood of success in materials discovery (2019)

Materials discovery is often compared to the challenge of finding a needle in a haystack. While much work has focused on accurately predicting the properties of candidate materials with machine learning (ML), which amounts to evaluating whether a given candidate is a piece of straw or a needle, less attention has been paid to a critical question: Are we searching in the right haystack? We refer to the haystack as the design space for a particular materials discovery problem (i.e. the set of possible candidate materials to synthesize), and thus frame this question as one of design space selection. In this paper, we introduce two metrics, the Predicted Fraction of Improved Candidates (PFIC), and the Cumulative Maximum Likelihood of Improvement (CMLI), which we demonstrate can identify discovery-rich and discovery-poor design spaces, respectively. Using CMLI and PFIC together to identify optimal design spaces can significantly accelerate ML-driven materials discovery.
A 45nm 6b/cell charge-trapping flash memory using LDPC-based ECC and drift-immune soft-sensing engine (2013)

To satisfy the demand of higher storage density, storing multiple-bits-per-cell technique is widely adopted. As presented in [1], a 4b/cell Flash memory by using error-detection (ED) scheme stores 2b data on two sides of a memory cell individually. Since the noise margin becomes smaller, the distribution drifts due to program disturb, data retention and temperature variation will cause higher raw bit-error-rate (RBER) if the sensing level (voltage) are not adjusted accordingly. The ED scheme can detect the drift direction by counting and storing the number of cells (Ni) with threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) below the i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> sensing level (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF i</sub> ). A simple example with page size 1KB is demonstrated in Fig. 12.7.1. During a read operation, the number of cells (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i, measured</sub> ) whose V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> below V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF i</sub> is counted and compared to N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> . The ED scheme can find out a sub-optimal sensing level when N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i, measured</sub> and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is close enough. In this paper, a production 16Gb 45nm 4b/cell ONO-based charge-trapping (CT) Flash memory is demonstrated to achieve 6b/cell capability. Since the adjacent distributions for 6b/cell are much closer to each other, even a BCH code with ED scheme fails to correct all the patterns. However, by using a new 1-3-3 mapping and LDPC codes with a developed drift-immune soft-sensing (DI-SS) engine, the 45nm 4b/cell CT Flash memory is boosted to 6b/cell. The data flow of programming data is also shown in Fig. 12.7.1.
The materials genome in action: identifying the performance limits for methane storage (2015)

The best ZIF structure found in screening of databases containing over half a million nanoporous materials for vehicular methane storage is shown.
Tangible programming bricks : an approach to making programming accessible to everyone (1999)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, February 2000.
The role of membrane receptors for C3b and C3d in phagocytosis. (1977)

In this paper we re-examine the roles of particle-bound IgG and C3 in phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes (E) by monolayers of purified human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). We conclude that two fragments of the C3 molecule, that is, C3b and C3d, can function as opsonins if the phagocyte has the appropriate membrane receptors. Monocytes, that bind both C3b and C3d, respond to both as opsonins. PMN, which do not bind C3d, respond only to particles opsonized with C3b. C3 and IgG have separate roles in phagocytosis. IgG, through its Fc fragment, directly stimulates particle ingestion, but is relatively inefficient at inducing particle binding. On the other hand, C3 primarily mediates the binding of the particle via complement receptors. A marked synergy exists between C3 and IgG in inducing phagocytosis. Thus, opsonization of the particle with C3 can be a necessary condition for particle ingestion, although by itself C3 does not trigger phagocytosis. The opsonic effect of C3 can be mimicked by a variety of nonimmunologic agents which enhance binding of the particle to the phagocyte without directly stimulating ingestion. The contact-inducing agents used include centrifugation of particle and phagocyte, high molecular weight dextran, protamine, and treatment of E with neuraminidase. These results suggest that the role of C3 in opsonization is mainly or exclusively one of establishing contact between particle and phagocyte.
Reduced microbicidal and anti‐tumour activities of human monocytes after ingestion of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected red blood cells (1993)

Oxidatively stressed red blood cells (RBC) and Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBC (PRBC) are avidly phagocytosed by human peripheral monocytes. Following the ingestion of PRBC the monocytes' ability to phagocytose PRBC and to generate aggressive oxidative compounds is severely impaired. In the present work the microbicidal and anti-tumour capacities of monocytes fed with diamide-treated RBC and PRBC harbouring mature (trophozoite) parasites have been investigated. The capacity of the latter, but not of the former, to phagocytose Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to kill them, as well as ingested Candida albicans cells intracellularly, was found to be markedly impaired. Monocytes that have ingested PRBC had a significantly reduced cytostatic and cytolytic activities against a lymphoblastic tumour cell line. Monocytes fed with oxidatively stressed RBC had normal or sometimes even greater anti-tumour activities. Monocytes that have ingested PRBC showed a reduced capability to produce superoxide following stimulation with phorbol ester. Such impairment in monocyte functions may explain the reduced antibacterial and anti-tumour activities of monocytes in malaria patients, and could be consequential to their ability to resist bacterial infections and to provide means for the control of tumour development in those patients.