gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detrusor overactivity (1988)

Abstract Detrusor pressure is only a partial reflection of bladder wall force. In order to better standardize the results of clinical studies, bladder wall activity has to be taken into account by relating detrusor pressures to volume levels. The 15 cm H 2 O threshold level is misleading. Tonic and phasic pressure changes have to be clearly distinguished. Standardization of technique can be improved by using diuresis cystometry. Urethral mobility and dysfunction have to be further investigated in relation to detrusor activity. Detrusor overactivity may be caused by factors which also cause stress incontinence and is therefore no contra‐indication for culposuspension. The occurrence of detrusor overactivity after culposuspension cannot be predicted. It can be treated pharmacologically and in case of resistance to therapy by an augmentation cystoplasty such as a CLAM operation. Investigation of the urethra is therefore more important than a cystometrogram prior to a culposuspension. A technique is described. Genuine stress incontinence is not a useful urodynamic diagnosis. In the aging male, detrusor overactivity is more frequent, with or without obstruction. In patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and detrusor overactivity resistant to treatment, prostatectomy would be acceptable therapy.
Predicting Disordered Regions from Amino Acid Sequence: Common Themes Despite Differing Structural Characterization. (1998)

Using ordered and disordered regions identified either by X-ray crystallography or by NMR spectroscopy, we trained neural networks to predict order and disorder from amino acid sequence. Although the NMR-based predictor initially appeared to be much better than the one based on the X-ray data, both predictors yielded similar overall accuracies when tested on each other's training sets, and indicated similar regions of disorder upon each sequence. The predictors trained with X-ray data showed similar results for a 5-cross validation experiment and for the out-of-sample predictions on the NMR characterized data. In contrast, the predictor trained with NMR data gave substantially worse accuracies on the out-of-sample X-ray data as compared to the accuracies displayed by the 5-cross validation during the network training. Overall, the results from the two predictors suggest that disordered regions comprise a sequence-dependant category distinct from that of ordered protein structure.
Informationsleistungen im Bereich der Hedgefonds (2004)

Dieser Abschnitt stellt wichtige Informationen und Ressourcen im Bereich der Hedgefonds dar. Die hier vorgestellten Auflistungen erheben in keiner Weise einen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Sie sollen den Lesern, die sich weiterhin mit der Materie Hedgefonds beschäftigen wollen, als erster Anlaufpunkt dienen.
Programmable and adaptive analog filters using arrays of floating-gate circuits (2002)

In this paper we describe a programmable and adaptive filter based on floating-gate technology We review the basics of floating-gate techniques and how they enable programmable and adaptive filter circuits. We describe our programmable filter concepts, and show experimental results of programmable filter operation. We also describe programming methods, and extend the programmability to a wide range of functions and circuits using the same approach. Further, we describe our techniques and custom programmer board for floating-gate programming of an IC. We show how to extend our programmable filters as adaptive filters both through weight perturbation methods and continuously adapting correlation rule methods.
Laryngotracheitis herpesvirus infection in the chicken: The role of humoral antibody in immunity to a graded challenge infection (1983)

The clinical responses of SPF White Leghorn chickens to graded levels of infection with virulent (wild-strain) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) herpesvirus, administered by the tracheal route, were investigated in chickens from 1 day to 8 weeks of age. In 1-day-old chickens 40 plaque forming units (PFU) of ILT virus caused 55% mortality within 8 days. At least 500 PFU was needed to achieve comparable mortality at 3 weeks of age and this increased to 4,500 PFU of ILT virus by 6 to 8 weeks of age. A combination of surgical bursectomy at 1 day old and cyclophosphamide treatment ablated the ability of chickens to generate humoral antibody to ILT virus, but did not impair the level of protection induced by commercial ILT vaccine. Further, the passive transfer to ILT antibody-positive serum to 2-day-old or 4-week-old chickens did not significantly alter their susceptibility to tracheal challenge with virulent virus. Serum antibody was therefore discounted as a major immune mechanism in resistance to ILT virus infection. An experimental inactivated vaccine to ILT virus was also investigated. One intramuscular injection induced low serological responses, but no significant protection to ILT. A second injection of inactivated vaccine only marginally increased the titre of humoral antibody, but seemed to reduce the degree of respiratory distress. However, the levels of protection afforded by the inactivated vaccine were not significant compared with a live commercial ILT vaccine.
Aberrant Expression of MUC3 and MUC4 Membrane-Associated Mucins and Sialyl Lex Antigen in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2003)

Aberrant expression of membrane mucins MUC3 and MUC4 and of a mucin-associated carbohydrate tumor antigen Sialyl Le(x) in PanINs and adenocarcinoma further supports the progression model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Design and Implementation of TCP-Friendly Meters in P4 Switches (2020)

Metering the traffic of a flow and dropping the portion of traffic that exceeds the target rate set by the meter is very important to provide quality of service (QoS) in a network. Most existing switches on the market provide the meter function. Although these meters regulate the traffic of a UDP flow very well, according to our tests, they are not TCP-friendly. For example, we found that a TCP flow passing the meter of a commercial switch can only achieve about 10% of the target rate. Based on our studies, we found that this poor performance is due to the bad interactions between the TCP congestion control and the meter function. In this paper, we design and implement a TCP-friendly meter in the packet processing pipelines of a P4 switch. Experimental results show that our meter regulates a TCP flow very well and can maintain its achieved rate within 5% of the target rate. Compared with the meters in several hardware switches, our meter improves the achieved rate of a TCP flow by almost 85% of the target rate.
Enabling Practical Processing in and near Memory for Data-Intensive Computing (2019)

Modern computing systems suffer from the dichotomy between computation on one side, which is performed only in the processor (and accelerators), and data storage/movement on the other, which all other parts of the system are dedicated to. Due to this dichotomy, data moves a lot in order for the system to perform computation on it. Unfortunately, data movement is extremely expensive in terms of energy and latency, much more so than computation. As a result, a large fraction of system energy is spent and performance is lost solely on moving data in a modern computing system.
Complete Polygonal Scene Voxelization (2002)

Abstract We present a fast and robust tool for automatically converting complete polygonal scenes into volumetric representations. A wide range of scenes are handled by storing the status (inside/outside) of the volumetric space areas in the cells of an octree. The algorithm first looks for a point in the scene for which the status can be univocally determined. When such a point is found, it propagates its status to the surrounding visible cells. This iterative two-step procedure is repeated for different parts of the scene until the status of all the cells has been determined. The algorithm's advantage is the coherence with the rendered geometry; it can handle complex geometry and exhibits robust solutions for a broad range of scenes contai ning numerous artifacts, such as cracks, holes, overlapping geometries, interpenetrating meshes, double walls, and fuzzy borders.
Interleukin 6 production in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1990)

Interleukin 6 (IL6) is one of the major inflammation-associated cytokines. Elevated serum or tissue levels of IL6 have been reported to occur in several human diseases, including infections of the central nervous system (CNS), but not in non-infectious CNS inflammation, e.g. multiple sclerosis. While studying experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model for autoimmune inflammation of the CNS, we found increased IL6 levels in the CNS of mice suffering from a lethal form of the disease. IL6 levels in the spleens and sera were not significantly increased. These findings are indicative of local production of IL6 in the CNS during EAE, and represent the first demonstration of IL6 production in non-infectious CNS inflammatory disease.
The Possible Role of Vascular Changes in the Aetiology of Bell's Palsy (1956)

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Photocatalytic antibacterial effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> film formed on Ti and TiAg exposed to <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (2006)

When irradiated under near-ultraviolet (UV) light, TiO(2) exhibits strong bactericidal activity. The TiO(2) photocatalyst would be effective on orthodontic appliances after its antibacterial effect on the carcinogenic microorganism Lactobacillus acidophilus is evaluated. To compare the antibacterial effect of two crystalline forms of TiO(2), rutile and anatase, thermal oxidation and anodic oxidation were employed to form each structure, respectively. The antibacterial effect of TiO(2) film on TiAg was also compared with that on Ti. Bacterial solutions were pipetted onto the TiO(2)-coated specimen and illuminated with UVA (2 x 15 W, black light, 356 nm) up to 100 min and the reaction solutions were incubated to count the colony-forming units. The antibacterial activity of the coated specimens was similar to that of the uncoated group. The antibacterial activity of the coated specimens of TiAg was not different from that of Ti. TiO(2) coatings formed on both Ti and TiAg specimens did not exhibit cytotoxicity on the L-929 cells of mice.
BitPhylogeny: a probabilistic framework for reconstructing intra-tumor phylogenies (2015)

Cancer has long been understood as a somatic evolutionary process, but many details of tumor progression remain elusive. Here, we present BitPhylogenyBitPhylogeny, a probabilistic framework to reconstruct intra-tumor evolutionary pathways. Using a full Bayesian approach, we jointly estimate the number and composition of clones in the sample as well as the most likely tree connecting them. We validate our approach in the controlled setting of a simulation study and compare it against several competing methods. In two case studies, we demonstrate how BitPhylogeny BitPhylogeny reconstructs tumor phylogenies from methylation patterns in colon cancer and from single-cell exomes in myeloproliferative neoplasm.
A new variety of Mucor variosporus and the validation of M. luteus Linnemann and M. variosporus Schipper. (2000)

Two Mucor species names, Mucor luteus Linnemann and Mucor variosporus Schipper,were validated according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and a new variety ofMucor variosporus was discribed.
Wafer temperature and stress profiles in an MeV ion implanter using the finite-element method (2002)

Temperature profiles produced by an ion beam striking a silicon wafer in a batch process are determined using finite-element analysis (FEA). The fast scan is analyzed for temperature depth profile and transient characteristics. Effects of beam diameter and fast-scan speed are obtained. Uniform thermalization and nonuniform thermalization in the implant layer are examined. Transient thermal stresses resulting from temperature differentials are obtained. The slow scan is analyzed for lateral, bulk temperature profiles. The effects of beam power and slow-scan speed are determined. Data are presented for 200 mm wafers.
Maxwell’s demon in biochemical signal transduction with feedback loop (2015)

Signal transduction in living cells is vital to maintain life itself, where information transfer in noisy environment plays a significant role. In a rather different context, the recent intensive research on 'Maxwell's demon'-a feedback controller that utilizes information of individual molecules-have led to a unified theory of information and thermodynamics. Here we combine these two streams of research, and show that the second law of thermodynamics with information reveals the fundamental limit of the robustness of signal transduction against environmental fluctuations. Especially, we find that the degree of robustness is quantitatively characterized by an informational quantity called transfer entropy. Our information-thermodynamic approach is applicable to biological communication inside cells, in which there is no explicit channel coding in contrast to artificial communication. Our result could open up a novel biophysical approach to understand information processing in living systems on the basis of the fundamental information-thermodynamics link.
Line-of-Sight Networks (2008)

Random geometric graphs have been one of the fundamental models for reasoning about wireless networks: one places n points at random in a region of the plane (typically a square or circle), and then connects pairs of points by an edge if they are within a fixed distance of one another. In addition to giving rise to a range of basic theoretical questions, this class of random graphs has been a central analytical tool in the wireless networking community. For many of the primary applications of wireless networks, however, the underlying environment has a large number of obstacles, and communication can only take place among nodes when they are close in space and when they have line-of-sight access to one another – consider, for example, urban settings or large indoor environments. In such domains, the standard model of random geometric graphs is not a good approximation of the true constraints, since it is not designed to capture the line-of-sight restrictions. Here we propose a random-graph model incorporating both range limitations and line-of-sight constraints, and we prove asymptotically tight results for k -connectivity. Specifically, we consider points placed randomly on a grid (or torus), such that each node can see up to a fixed distance along the row and column it belongs to. (We think of the rows and columns as ‘streets’ and ‘avenues’ among a regularly spaced array of obstructions.) Further, we show that when the probability of node placement is a constant factor larger than the threshold for connectivity, near-shortest paths between pairs of nodes can be found, with high probability, by an algorithm using only local information. In addition to analysing connectivity and k -connectivity, we also study the emergence of a giant component, as well an approximation question, in which we seek to connect a set of given nodes in such an environment by adding a small set of additional ‘relay’ nodes.
Las Cooperativas Societarias en el Marco Regulatorio del Sector Financiero de Bolivia : Evaluación del marco regulatorio en comparación regional y análisis de los procesos de transformación de las cooperativas societarias (2010)

This report was prepared as part of an analytical study of the financial system in Bolivia, focusing on the evaluation of the regulatory framework for closed cooperatives. In Chapters 1 and 2, the report analyzes the role of cooperatives in the financial sector in Bolivia, and evaluates the organizational structure of the sector. In chapter 3, the authors compare the regulatory framework of cooperatives with regulations in other countries in the region and with that applicable to other financial institutions in the country, and discussed possible difficulties in the transition process. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the transition process itself, and makes recommendations on how to facilitate it.
Bone Cells: A Serum-Free Medium Supports Proliferation in Primary Culture (1978)

Bone-cells isolated from embryonic rat calvaria increase in number two-to threefold when cultured at high, but not at low, population densities in a serum-free medium that contains albumin. Cultured cells respond to parathyroid hormone and exhibit a marked rise in alkaline phosphatase activity during proliferation, which suggests the progressive differentiation or preferential growth of osteoblast-like cells.
Multiscale visualization using data cubes (2003)

Most analysts start with an overview of the data before gradually refining their view to be more focused and detailed. Multiscale pan-and-zoom systems are effective because they directly support this approach. However, generating abstract overviews of large data sets is difficult and most systems take advantage of only one type of abstraction: visual abstraction. Furthermore, these existing systems limit the analyst to a single zooming path on their data and thus to a single set of abstract views. This paper presents: 1) a formalism for describing multiscale visualizations of data cubes with both data and visual abstraction and 2) a method for independently zooming along one or more dimensions by traversing a zoom graph with nodes at different levels of detail. As an example of how to design multiscale visualizations using our system, we describe four design patterns using our formalism. These design patterns show the effectiveness of multiscale visualization of general relational databases.
The mitochondrial genome of the wood-degrading basidiomycete Trametes cingulata (2010)

We present the 91,500 bp mitochondrial genome of the wood-degrading basidiomycete Trametes cingulata and compare it with the mitochondrial genomes of five additional Basidiomycota species. The Trametes mitochondrial genome encodes 15 proteins, 25 tRNAs and the small and large rRNAs. All of the genes, except one tRNA, are found on the same DNA strand. Several additional ORFs have also been identified; however, their sequences have not been conserved across the species we compared and they show no similarity to any known gene, suggesting that they may not correspond to authentic genes. The presence of endonuclease-like sequences in introns suggests a mechanism that explains the diversity of mitochondrial genome sizes that are unrelated to the gene content.
All-Optical Ultra-Fast Networks (1986)

Photonic networks of the future will be fundamentally different from present-day networks. Performing optical processing of the media access protocol raises the capacity of the entire LAN to that of the optical fiber itself. Optical processing also permits the use of novel baseband-expansion-type protocols and architectures. In this paper, the use of optical signal processing and novel optical architectures in networks is discussed. Examples of two experimental all-optical passive star networks are presented: asynchronous code-division multiple access (spread spectrum), and fixed assignment time-division multiple access (at 500 Mbps). An active star network, utilizing an all-optical, self-routing, strictly non-blocking photonic switch, is also presented. The feasibility of future photonic networks, with 10 Gbit capacity, is discussed.
Effect of salinity on cell growth and β-carotene production in Dunaliella sp. isolates from Urmia Lake in northwest of Iran (2011)

Urmia Lake, the second largest hyper-saline lake by area in the world, has fluctuated in salinity over time, but recently, it has reached a maximum of 360 g/l. Dunaliella is a type of halophile green-orange microalgae especially found in lake and salty fields and is known for its antioxidant activity; because of its ability to create large amount of carotenoids. In the present study, Dunaliella sp. isolates from hypersaline Urmia Lake water were cultured in modified Johnson media and were treated at different salinities (1, 2 and 3 M NaCl), then their cell proliferation rate and β-carotene production were studied. In order to determine the optimal salinity required for the highest β-carotene accumulation, cell count of Dunaliella sp. isolates; total carotenoids and concentration of the β-carotene were determined by direct microscopic counting and spectrophotometry. In the samples with different salinities, the cell count and the β-carotene content of Dunaliella sp. ranged between 0.53 and 2.21x10 6 cell.ml -1 and 0.2 to 11.4 pg.cell -1 , respectively. At the end of the experiments, the maximum cell content mean and the highest β- carotene content mean were obtained at 1 and 3 M NaCl concentrations, as 1.68 x 10 6 cell.ml -1 and 8.94 pg.cell -1 , respectively. Keywords : Dunaliella, microalgae, Urmia Lake, chlorophyceae, β-carotene.
Intensive Regimen of Cytokines with Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa-2B in Selected Patients with Metastatic Renal Carcinoma (1995)

We conducted a Phase II trial using an intensive regimen combining interleukin-2 (IL2), interferon-alfa-2b (IFN), and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and the efficacy of this combination in selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Thirty-one assessable patients were treated with at least one cycle of a regimen consisting of 20 x 10(6) IU/day s.c. IFN for 5 days, followed 2 days later by i.v. injections of 24 x 10(6) IU/m2/day IL2 every 8 h together with i.v. bolus of 5 x 10(6) IU/m2/day IFN every 8 h during 5 days. After a 6-day break, during which four leukophereses were performed, this i.v. combination was administered along with the LAK cell reinjections for a maximum of 5 days. Twenty-seven patients underwent the two parts of the first course of treatment; respectively, 42% and 46% of the planned dose of IL2 and IFN were administered. Several severe toxicities were observed including two treatment-related deaths. Significant tumor responses were observed in seven patients, including two complete remissions. Two of these patients remain alive without evidence of disease 36 and 40 months after treatment, respectively. This intensive regimen of IL2 together with IFN and LAK cells cannot be recommended even in selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In addition, our results argue against the concept of a dose-response relationship in this setting.