gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Power Shorts from Front and Backside of IC Packages Using Scanning SQUID Microscopy (1999)

Abstract As process technologies of integrated circuits become more complex and the industry moves toward flipchip packaging, present tools and techniques are having increasing difficulty in meeting failure analysis needs. One of the most common failures in these types of ICs and packages is power shorts, both during fabrication and in the field. Many techniques such as Emission Microscopy and Liquid Crystal are either not able to locate power shorts or are inhibited in their effectiveness by multiple layers of metal and flip-chip type packaging. A scanning SQUID microscope can overcome some of these difficulties. A SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) is a very sensitive magnetic sensor that can image magnetic fields generated by magnetic materials or currents (such as those in an integrated circuit). The current density distribution in the sample can then be calculated from the magnetic field image, and resolutions approaching 5 times the near field limit can be obtained. We present here the application of a SQUID microscope to physical failure analysis and compare it with other techniques to detect shorted current paths in flip-chip mounted ICs and packages.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mono-, Bis-, and Trissubstituted Pyridinium and Pyrylium Dyes (1992)

Abstract A series of mono-, bis-, and trissubstituted pyridinium and pyrylium dyes have been synthesized by the condensation of methylpyridinium and methylpyrylium salts with aldehydes or nitroso compound. Large bathochromic shifts were observed in the following order, both in substituted azomethine pyridinium and pyrylium dyes, mono &lt; bis &lt; tris. The magnitude of the shift appeared in the order of multiple bonds, –CH=CH– &lt; –CH=CH–CH=CH– &lt; –CH=N–.
Trusted Guidance Pyramid Network for Human Parsing (2018)

Human parsing, which segments a human-centric image into pixel-wise categorization, has a wide range of applications. However, none of the existing methods can productively solve the issue of label parsing fragmentation due to confused and complicated annotations. In this paper, we propose a novel Trusted Guidance Pyramid Network (TGPNet) to address this limitation. Based on a pyramid architecture, we design a Pyramid Residual Pooling (PRP) module setting at the end of a bottom-up approach to capture both global and local level context. In the top-down approach, we propose a Trusted Guidance Multi-scale Supervision (TGMS) that efficiently integrates and supervises multi-scale contextual information. Furthermore, we present a simple yet powerful Trusted Guidance Framework (TGF) which imposes global-level semantics into parsing results directly without extra ground truth labels in model training. Extensive experiments on two public human parsing benchmarks well demonstrate that our TGPNet has a strong ability in solving label parsing fragmentation problem and has an obtained improvement than other methods.
Representing and sharing folksonomies with semantics (2009)

Websites that provide content creation and sharing features have become quite popular recently. These sites allow users to categorize and browse content using ‘tags’ or free-text keyword topics. Since users contribute and tag social media content across a variety of social web platforms, creating new knowledge from distributed tag data has become a matter of performing various tasks, including publishing, aggregating, integrating, and republishing tag data. However, there are a number of issues in relation to data sharing and interoperability when processing tag data across heterogeneous tagging platforms. In this paper we introduce a semantic tag model that aims to explicitly offer the necessary structure, semantics and relationships between tags. This approach provides an improved opportunity for representing tag data in the form of reusable constructs at a semantic level. We also demonstrate a prototype that consumes and makes use of shared tag metadata across heterogeneous sources.
Exploring Recognition with Interchanged Facial Features (1986)

Any attempt to unravel the mechanism underlying the process of human face recognition must begin with experiments that explore human sensitivity to differences between a perceived image and an original memory trace. A set of three consecutive experiments are reported that were collectively designed to measure the relative importance of different facial features. The method involved the use of image-processing equipment to interchange cardinal features among frontally viewed target faces. Observers were required to indicate which of the original target faces most resembled the modified faces. The results clearly establish the dominant influence of the head outline as the major recognition feature. Next in importance is the eye/eyebrow combination, followed by the mouth, and then the nose. As a recognition feature in a frontally presented face, the nose is hardly noticed. The number of apparently random responses to some faces indicates that a surprisingly different face can sometimes arise from a fortuitous combination of the old features.
A Very Simple Trench Isolation (VSTI) Technology with Chemo-uechanically Polished (CMP) Substrate Si (1997)

A Very Simple Trench isolation (VSTI) technology with CMPed substrate-Si has been developed. VSTI has photo resist masked trench etching on a virgin Si wafer, filling with a highly conformal CVD oxide, and a CMP step down to the upper position of the Sub-Si. It shows low junction leakage current, high breakdown voltage and long TDDB characteristic on gate oxide, and perfectly flat surface. By optimizing the process, VSTI is expected to substitute the conventional isolation technology.
Oxidation of Acetaldehyde and Propionaldehyde on a VOx/TiO2 Catalyst in the Presence of Water Vapor (2006)

The partial oxidation of acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde on a TiO2 supported VOx catalyst in the presence of water vapor was investigated at temperatures from 120 to 280 °C. Depending on the kind of aldehyde and reaction temperature, the selective oxidation to the appropriate carboxylic acid and an oxidative splitting to lower carboxylic acids took place. Acetaldehyde was oxidized to acetic acid with selectivities up to 82 % at ∼ 200 °C whereas propionic acid was formed only with selectivities of about 20 % at ∼ 140 °C in the oxidation of propionaldehyde. The oxidative cleavage of propionaldehyde led to the formation of more acetic acid than formic acid, which was in agreement with the higher formation of COx compared to that in the acetaldehyde oxidation. The presence of water and the increasing concentration of oxygen in the feed was found to enhance the selectivity towards the formation of C1 to C3 carboxylic acids by inhibiting the total oxidation of aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
Joint CS-MRI Reconstruction and Segmentation with a Unified Deep Network (2018)

The need for fast acquisition and automatic analysis of MRI data is growing in the age of big data. Although compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) has been studied to accelerate MRI by reducing k-space measurements, in current CS-MRI techniques MRI applications such as segmentation are overlooked when doing image reconstruction. In this paper, we test the utility of CS-MRI methods in automatic segmentation models and propose a unified deep neural network architecture called SegNetMRI which we apply to the combined CS-MRI reconstruction and segmentation problem. SegNetMRI is built upon a MRI reconstruction network with multiple cascaded blocks each containing an encoder-decoder unit and a data fidelity unit, and MRI segmentation networks having the same encoder-decoder structure. The two subnetworks are pre-trained and fine-tuned with shared reconstruction encoders. The outputs are merged into the final segmentation. Our experiments show that SegNetMRI can improve both the reconstruction and segmentation performance when using compressive measurements.
Mass Spectrometry-Guided Optimization and Characterization of a Biologically Active Transferrin–Lysozyme Model Drug Conjugate (2013)

Transferrin is a promising drug carrier that has the potential to deliver metals, small organic molecules and therapeutic proteins to cancer cells and/or across physiological barriers (such as the blood-brain barrier). Despite this promise, very few transferrin-based therapeutics have been developed and reached clinical trials. This modest success record can be explained by the complexity and heterogeneity of protein conjugation products, which also pose great challenges to their analytical characterization. In this work, we use lysozyme conjugated to transferrin as a model therapeutic that targets the central nervous system (where its bacteriostatic properties may be exploited to control infection) and develop analytical protocols based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to characterize its structure and interactions with therapeutic targets and physiological partners critical for its successful delivery. Mass spectrometry has already become an indispensable tool facilitating all stages of the protein drug development process, and this work demonstrates the enormous potential of this technique in facilitating the development of a range of therapeutically effective protein-drug conjugates.
Low‐Fire Processing of ZrO <sub>2</sub> –SnO <sub>2</sub> –TiO <sub>2</sub> Ceramics (2000)

Effects of a liquid‐phase‐sintering aid, BaCuO 2 + CuO (BCC), on densification and microwave dielectric properties of (Zr 0.8 Sn 0.2 )TiO 4 (ZST) ceramics have been investigated. The densification kinetics of ZST are greatly enhanced with the presence of 2.5–5 wt% BCC, but become retarded when the amount of BCC increases further. At a given BCC content, moreover, slower densification kinetics are observed with a larger particle size of ZST. The above results are attributed to a chemical reaction taking place at the interface of BCC/ZST during firing. The ZST dissolves into BCC, forming crystalline phases of ZrO 2 , SnO 2 , CuO, and BaTi 8 O 16 which reduce the amount of BCC flux available for liquid‐phase sintering. The crystallization kinetics become more significant, compared with densification kinetics, with increasing the amount of BCC and the particle sizes of ZST. For samples with 2.5–5 wt% BCC, a high relative sintered density is obtained at 1000°C and the resulting microwave ceramics have a dielectric constant and a value of Q at 7 GHz in the ranges of 35–38 and 2800–5000, respectively.
Synthesis of Functional 2‐Substituted 4‐Phenyl‐9H‐pyrimido[4,5‐b]indoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Is the GUDID a GOOD IDea (2014)

It is well known that there are limitations to our assessment of safety and effectiveness of medical products due to the nature of clinical research. For example, clinical studies, when required, are designed to support safety and efficacy claims based upon data that have been gathered from only a
Influence of the Organic Matrix on Root Dentine Erosion by Citric Acid (2005)

This investigation was conducted in an attempt to clarify the role of the organic matrix in bovine dentine demineralisation by 1% citric acid. Dentine slabs (n = 15) were treated for 2 min with 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, a strong protein solvent), 2% glutaraldehyde (GDA, a protein fixative) or deionised water (DIW, as negative control) prior to each of 5 demineralisation periods of 30 min. The mineral loss (DeltaZ), lesion depth (LD) and surface loss (SL) were determined after each period of demineralisation, by transverse microradiography. The NaOCl-treated group showed higher DeltaZ and LD than the GDA- and DIW-treated groups. No differences between GDA and DIW groups were found. The DeltaZ and LD profiles were explained by quadratic fits (r(2) >0.80; p = 0.001) in all groups. SL was detected only in the NaOCl-treated group. The data suggested that the maintenance of the organic matrix in the lesion might be important to reduce the erosion progression rate.
A simple PK/PD model identification procedure for controller design in anesthesia (2013)

In this paper a new estimation procedure for the parameters of the PK/PD model for the simultaneous administration of propofol and remifentanil introduced in [1] is presented. This model has the advantage of being parsimoniously parameterized, which allows a simple parameter estimation procedure, based on the patient's step response. It is shown that the parameter estimates obtained in this way provide good results when used to tune the positive control law introduced in [2].
The Neurospora organelle motor: a distant relative of conventional kinesin with unconventional properties. (1995)

The "conventional" kinesins comprise a conserved family of molecular motors for organelle transport that have been identified in various animal species. Organelle motors from other phyla have not yet been analyzed at the molecular level. Here we report the identification, biochemical and immunological characterization, and molecular cloning of a cytoplasmic motor in a "lower" eukaryote, the Ascomycete fungus Neurospora crassa. This motor, termed Nkin (for Neurospora kinesin), exhibits several unique structural and functional features, including a high rate of microtubule transport, a lack of copurifying light chains, a second P-loop motif, and an overall sequence organization reminiscent of a kinesin-like protein. However, a greater than average sequence homology in the motor domain and the presence of a highly conserved region in the C-terminus identify Nkin as a distant relative of the family of conventional kinesins. A molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests Nkin to have diverged early in the evolution of this family of motors. The discovery of Nkin may help identify domains important for specific biological functions in conventional kinesins.
Mutual Information Metrics for Fast Link Adaptation in IEEE 802.11n (2008)

We investigate link quality metrics (LQMs) based on mutual information (MI) for fast link adaptation (FLA) in IEEE 802.11n wireless local area network (WLAN) with convolutional coding and higher order modulations. The LQMs are scalar quantities that map the receiver's post-decoding behaviour in a frequency-selective channel into an equivalent behaviour in an AWGN channel. From this metric the expected packet error rate (PER) can be predicted. Two LQMs are presented that are derived from the SINRs of all sub-carriers and streams: the effective SNR and the effective mutual information. The effective mutual information is the mean mutual information including a correction factor which improves the PER estimation accuracy in various highly frequency-selective channels. The FLA algorithm dynamically selects a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that maximizes the throughput (TP), while keeping the average PER over time below a target value. Furthermore, we present methods of searching for the most suitable MCS. Practical performance bounds are obtained by means of simulations. We show that both investigated LQMs yield accurate PER estimates and that the resulting TP of the FLA algorithm used in a 2 x 2 MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) OFDM system that performs channel estimation is only 1.7 dB from the performance bound of the TP.
Plasmonic nano‐arrays for ultrasensitive bio‐sensing (2018)

Abstract Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) effects have been shown as the principles of some highlysensitive sensors in recent decades. Due to the advances in nano‐fabrication technology, the plasmon nano‐array sensors based on SPR and LSPR phenomena have been widely used in chemical and bioloical analysis. Sensing with surface‐enhanced field and sensing for refractive index changes are able to identify the analytes quantitatively and qualitatively. With the newly developed ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensors, platforms with excellent performance have been built for various biomedical applications, including point‐of‐care diagnosis and personalized medicine. In addition, flexible integration of plasmonics nano‐arrays and combining them with electrochemical sensing have significantly enlarged the application scenarios of the plasmonic nano‐array sensors, as well as improved the sensing accuracy.
Meiotic spindle assembly in Drosophila females: behavior of nonexchange chromosomes and the effects of mutations in the nod kinesin-like protein. (1992)

Mature Drosophila oocytes are arrested in metaphase of the first meiotic division. We have examined microtubule and chromatin reorganization as the meiosis I spindle assembles on maturation using indirect immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results suggest that chromatin captures or nucleates microtubules, and that these subsequently form a highly tapered spindle in which the majority of microtubules do not terminate at the poles. Nonexchange homologs separate from each other and move toward opposite poles during spindle assembly. By the time of metaphase arrest, these chromosomes are positioned on opposite half spindles, between the metaphase plate and the spindle poles, with the large nonexchange X chromosomes always closer to the metaphase plate than the smaller nonexchange fourth chromosomes. Nonexchange homologs are therefore oriented on the spindle in the absence of a direct physical linkage, and the spindle position of these chromosomes appears to be determined by size. Loss-of-function mutations at the nod locus, which encodes a kinesin-like protein, cause meiotic loss and nondisjunction of nonexchange chromosomes, but have little or no effect on exchange chromosome segregation. In oocytes lacking functional nod protein, most of the nonexchange chromosomes are ejected from the main chromosomal mass shortly after the nuclear envelope breaks down and microtubules interact with the chromatin. In addition, the nonexchange chromosomes that are associated with spindles in nod/nod oocytes show excessive poleward migration. Based on these observations, and the structural similarity of the nod protein and kinesin, we propose that nonexchange chromosomes are maintained on the half spindle by opposing poleward and anti-poleward forces, and that the nod protein provides the anti-poleward force.
Modification of Activated Carbon by Means of Microwave Heating and Its Effects on the Pore Texture and Surface Chemistry (2013)

Two kinds of typical Activated Carbons (coal based AC and coconut shell based AC) were modified in a flow of N<sub>2</sub> gas has been carried out using a microwave device operating at 2450 MHz and different input power, instead of a conventional furnace. The samples were analyzed by means of low temperature N<sub>2</sub> adsorption, elemental analysis and Boehm titration. The results show that microwave heating is an effective means of activated carbon modification. The temperature of activated carbon increases rapidly under microwave heating and then gradual increase to a quasi-stationary temperature. The pore texture of activated carbon changes slightly after microwave treatment and the two activated carbons still keep rich pore structure. The oxygen functional groups decompose and evolve with the form of CO and CO<sub>2</sub>. This in turn gives rise to a significant decrease in oxygen content. These changes of oxygen contents increase as the microwave input power increases. During microwave treatment, a gradual decrease in the surface acidic functional groups is observed. More important, with the removal of the surface acidic groups, the number of the basic group increased gradually, the activated carbon with oxygen functional groups become basic properties material.
Efficacy of systemically administered acetylsalicylic acid plus scaling on periodontal health and elastase‐α<sub>1</sub>‐proteinase inhibitor in gingival crevicular fluid (1996)

The purpose of this proof of principle trial was to assess whether conventional periodontal therapy and systemically administrated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are functionally synergistic when combined in the treatment of periodontitis. A total of 30 patients with untreated moderate to severe adult periodontitis were enrolled into the study and were given placebo q.i.d. between the baseline and 6-week examination, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 500 mg q.i.d. between the 6-week and 12-week examinations. In addition, they received supra- and subgingival scaling in 1 quadrant after baseline examination and in 2 further randomly selected quadrants after the 6-week examination. The study design resulted in the following 4 therapies: (1) scaling plus ASA 500 mg q.i.d.; (2) scaling plus placebo q.i.d.; (3) ASA 500 mg q.i.d. alone; (4) placebo q.i.d. alone. Two-way analysis of variance showed functional synergism of ASA and scaling, resulting in a therapeutic efficacy approximately equivalent to the sum of each individual therapeutic efficacy (i.e., ASA alone and scaling alone) in reducing gingival inflammation and pocket probing depth over the 6-week observation period (interaction: p > 0.05). Only the effect of ASA was significant in reducing the concentration of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF E-alpha 1-PI) (p < 0.001), reduction in GCF E-alpha 1-PI concentrations by ASA may indicate a decreased risk in periodontal disease progression. The results suggest that the combination of therapies and their different mechanisms of action, i.e., reduction of bacterial plaque and inhibition of destructive components of the immune responses, may result in functionally synergistic therapeutic efficacies in patients with untreated adult periodontitis.
Nationwide Survey of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the United States (1994)

With nearly 10% of TB patients resistant to isoniazid and/or rifampin, greater use of four-drug regimens and directly observed therapy is indicated. Aggressive intervention to prevent the further spread of MDR TB is needed to find every TB patient and to provide optimal patient management to ensure completion of chemotherapy.
Practical Program Avoids Legal Hassles (2000)

This article describes how to develop a good cross connection control or backflow prevention program. It discusses program elements along with the costs/benefits of having such a program. Other sources of information are listed.
Evolutionary variants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 region characterized by using a heteroduplex tracking assay (1997)

Syncytium-inducing (SI) variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are evolutionary variants that are associated with rapid CD4+ cell loss and rapid disease progression. The heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) was used to detect evolutionary V3 variants by amplifying the V3 sequences from viral RNA derived from 50 samples of patient plasma. For this V3-specific HTA (V3-HTA), heteroduplexes were formed between the patient V3 sequences and a probe with the subtype B consensus V3 sequence. Evolution was then measured by divergence from the consensus. The presence of evolutionary variants was correlated with SI detection data on the same samples from the MT-2 cell culture assay. Evolutionary variants were correlated with the SI phenotype in 88% of the samples, and 96% of the SI samples contained evolutionary variants. In most cases the evolutionary V3 variants represented discrete clonal outgrowths of virus. Sequence analysis of the six discordant samples that did not show this correlation indicated that three non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) samples had V3 sequences that had evolved away from the consensus sequence but not toward an SI genotype. A fourth sample showed little evolution away from the consensus but was SI, which indicates that not all SI variants require basic substitutions in V3. The other two samples had SI-like genotypes and NSI phenotypes, suggesting that V3-HTA was able to detect SI emergence in these samples in the absence of their detection in vitro. V3-HTA was also used to confirm SI variant selection in MT-2 cells and to examine the possibility of variant selection during virus culture in peripheral blood cells.