gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Car license plate recognition with neural networks and fuzzy logic (1995)

A car license plate recognition system (CLPR-system) has been developed to identify vehicles by the contents of their license plate for speed-limit enforcement. This type of application puts high demands on the reliability of the CLPR-system. A combination of neural and fuzzy techniques is used to guarantee a very low error rate at an acceptable recognition rate. First experiments along highways in the Netherlands show that the system has an error rate, of 0.02% at a recognition rate of 98.51%. These results are also compared with other published CLPR-systems.
Realization of X-ray telescopes–from design to performance (2009)

For more than 45 years the building of X-ray telescopes for solar and astronomical observations has been practised with significant performance improvement. The various techniques applied are reviewed emphazising the impact of proper mirror material choice, grinding and polishing improvements and the role of metrology.
Cytokeratin expression in human respiratory epithelium of nasal polyps and turbinates (1995)

The cytokertatins in respiratory epithelial cells (REC) of human nasal polyps and turbinates were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was present in all REC, CK5 and 14 were expressed primarily in basal cells, and CK7, 8, and 18 were found in suprabasal cells. Differences in cytoplasmic locations were also apparent among the individual cytokeratins. CK13 was not detected in any REC of these tissues. The results indicate the profile of cytokeratins in REC of human nasal polyps and turbinates is essentially identical to that of REC in the more distal respiratory tract.
Biometrics-based Robust Remote User Authentication Scheme (2012)

An efficient biometrics-based mutual authentication scheme is proposed,which is based on personal biometrics,one-way Hash function and smart card.For enhancing the system security,a one-time key is generated by using the timestamp.In the scheme,the authentication process can resist all known attacks including replay attacks and the DoS attacks,and needs only twice online message transmissions.Analysis shows that the scheme is secure and effective.
Performances of a Silicon Drift Chamber as fast scintillator photodetector for y-ray (1998)

of a Silicon Drift Chamber (SDC), mm, as scintillation light photodetector have been experimentally evaluated on a prototype of ?-ray detector employing a GSO crystal of similar cross-section. This detector presents a minimum energy threshold of about 50 keV at room temperature or 25 keV at 0 C. The measured energy resolution at room temperature is 22.65% and 8.73% FWHM at 122 keV and 662 keV respectively. These performances were obtained by using a shaping time of 0.5 ps, which allows to operate at high y-ray interaction rate. The effect of the SDC drift-time on the detector gain has been also evaluated.
Differences between MyoD DNA Binding and Activation Site Requirements Revealed by Functional Random Sequence Selection (1996)

A method has been developed for selecting functional enhancer/promoter sites from random DNA sequences in higher eukaryotic cells. Of sequences that were thus selected for transcriptional activation by the muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix protein MyoD, only a subset are similar to the preferred in vitro binding consensus, and in the same promoter context an optimal in vitro binding site was inactive. Other sequences with full transcriptional activity instead exhibit sequence preferences that, remarkably, are generally either identical or very similar to those found in naturally occurring muscle-specific promoters. This first systematic examination of the relation between DNA binding and transcriptional activation by basic helix-loop-helix proteins indicates that binding per se is necessary but not sufficient for transcriptional activation by MyoD and implies a requirement for other DNA sequence-dependent interactions or conformations at its binding site.
Automatic fault characterization via abnormality-enhanced classification (2012)

Enterprise and high-performance computing systems are growing extremely large and complex, employing many processors and diverse software/hardware stacks. As these machines grow in scale, faults become more frequent and system complexity makes it difficult to detect and to diagnose them. The difficulty is particularly large for faults that degrade system performance or cause erratic behavior but do not cause outright crashes. The cost of these errors is high since they significantly reduce system productivity, both initially and by time required to resolve them. Current system management techniques do not work well since they require manual examination of system behavior and do not identify root causes. When a fault is manifested, system administrators need timely notification about the type of fault, the time period in which it occurred and the processor on which it originated. Statistical modeling approaches can accurately characterize normal and abnormal system behavior. However, the complex effects of system faults are less amenable to these techniques. This paper demonstrates that the complexity of system faults makes traditional classification and clustering algorithms inadequate for characterizing them. We design novel techniques that combine classification algorithms with information on the abnormality of application behavior to improve detection and characterization accuracy significantly. Our experiments demonstrate that our techniques can detect and characterize faults with 85% accuracy, compared to just 12% accuracy for direct applications of traditional techniques.
Fuel economy and NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> emission potential investigation and trade-off of a hybrid electric vehicle based on dynamic programming (2008)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combined with more than one power source offer additional flexibility to improve the fuel economy and to reduce pollutant emissions. The dynamic-programming-based supervisory controller (DPSC) presented here investigates the fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction potential and demonstrates the trade-off between fuel economy and the emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) for a state-of-charge-sustaining parallel HEV. A weighted cost function consisting of fuel economy and emissions is proposed in this paper. Any possible engine-motor power pairs meeting with the power requirement is considered to minimize the weighted cost function over the given driving cycles through this dynamic program algorithm. The fuel-economy-only case, the NO x -only case, and the fuel-NO x case have been achieved by adjusting specific weighting factors, which demonstrates the flexibility and advantages of the DPSC. Compared with operating the engine in the NO x -only case, there is 17.4 per cent potential improvement in the fuel-economy-only case. The fuel-NO x case yields a 15.2 per cent reduction in NO x emission only at the cost of 5.5 per cent increase in fuel consumption compared with the fuel-economy-only case.
Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal diseases. (2008)

Recognition of the bilateral relationships between oral and systemic health will challenge physicians and dentists to work together closely in the future when managing patients with diabetes and periodontal disease.
Modulation of the Nuclear Factor κb Pathway by Shp-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Mediating the Induction of Interleukin (Il)-6 by IL-1 or Tumor Necrosis Factor (2001)

Shp-2, a src homology (SH)2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase, appears to be involved in cytoplasmic signaling downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors, although the mechanism is unclear. Here, we have determined a role of Shp-2 in the cytokine circuit for inflammatory and immune responses. Production of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to IL-1 alpha or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was nearly abolished in homozygous mutant (Shp-2(-/)-) fibroblast cells. The targeted Shp-2 mutation has no significant effect on the activation of the three types of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (Jnk), and p38, by IL-1/TNF, indicating that Shp-2 does not work through MAP kinase pathways in mediating IL-1/TNF-induced IL-6 synthesis. In contrast, IL-1/TNF-stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B DNA binding activity and inhibitor of kappa B (I kappa B) phosphorylation was dramatically decreased in Shp-2(-/)- cells, while the expression and activity of NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK), Akt, and I kappa B kinase (IKK) were not changed. Reintroduction of a wild-type Shp-2 protein into Shp-2(-/)- cells rescued NF-kappa B activation and IL-6 production in response to IL-1/TNF stimulation. Furthermore, Shp-2 tyrosine phosphatase was detected in complexes with IKK as well as with IL-1 receptor. Thus, this SH2-containing enzyme is an important cytoplasmic factor required for efficient NF-kappa B activation. These results elucidate a novel mechanism of Shp-2 in cytokine signaling by specifically modulating the NF-kappa B pathway in a MAP kinase-independent fashion.
Mode of Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase- Catalyzed DNA Synthesis by 3′-Amino-3′-Deoxythymidine 5′ -Tfiphosphate (1996)

Abstract The molecular mode of action of 3′-amino-3′-deoxythymidine 5′- triphosphate in the polymerization reaction catalyzed by human immunodeficiency vim reverse transcriptase was elucidated. This compound was shown to be a termination substrate on both DNA and RNA templates.
Thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD). Analogs stable to phosphodiesterase hydrolysis (1986)

Thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), the active metabolite of the oncolytic C-nucleoside tiazofurin (TR), is susceptible to phosphodiesteratic breakdown by a unique phosphodiesterase present at high levels in TR-resistant tumors. Since accumulation of TAD, as regulated by its synthetic and degradative enzymes, appears to be an important determinant for sensitivity to the drug, a series of hydrolytically resistant phosphonate analogues of TAD were synthesized with the intent of producing more stable compounds with an ability to inhibit IMP dehydrogenase equivalent to TAD itself. Isosteric phosphonic acid analogues of TR and adenosine nucleotides were coupled with activated forms of AMP and TR monophosphate to give dinucleotides 2 and 4. Coupling of protected adenosine 5'-(alpha, beta-methylene)diphosphate with isopropylidene-TR in the presence of DCC afforded compound 3 after deprotection. These compounds are more resistant than TAD toward hydrolysis and still retain potent activity against IMP dehydrogenase in vitro. beta-Methylene-TAD (3), the most stable of the TAD phosphonate analogues, produced a depletion of guanine nucleotide pools in an experimentally induced TR-resistant P388 tumor variant that was superior to that obtained with TR in the corresponding sensitive line.
The Cardiovascular System in Microgravity (1996)

The sections in this article are: 1 Fundamental Concepts 2 Acute Effects of Microgravity 2.1 Parabolic Flight of Aircraft 2.2 Spaceflight and the Prelaunch Posture 2.3 Peripheral Circulation 2.4 Central Circulation 2.4.1 Volume 2.4.2 Pressure 2.5 Effective Circulatory Compliance 2.6 Psychological Stress 3 Acclimation to Microgravity 3.1 Leg Blood Flow 3.2 Leg Compliance 3.3 Splanchnic Circulation 3.4 Upper Body Vascular Adjustments 3.5 Transcapillary Fluid Balance and Microcirculatory Responses 3.6 Central Circulation 3.7 Cardiac Rhythm 3.8 Extracellular Fluid Volume and Composition 3.9 Hematopoiesis 3.10 Integrated Cardiovascular Function 3.10.1 Simulated Orthostasis 3.10.2 Thermoregulation 3.10.3 Exercise 3.11 Interrelationships among Systemic Adjustments to Microgravity 3.12 Validity of Ground-Based Models 4 Postflight Readjustment to Gravity 4.1 Orthostatic Intolerance 4.1.1 Mechanisms 4.2 Reduced Upright Exercise Capacity 5 Countermeasures 6 Summary and Conclusions
Integrating Moving Platforms in a SLAM Agorithm for Pedestrian Navigation (2018)

In 3D pedestrian indoor navigation applications, position estimation based on inertial measurement units (IMUss) fails when moving platforms (MPs), such as escalators and elevators, are not properly implemented. In this work, we integrate the MPs in an upper 3D-simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm which is cascaded to the pedestrian dead-reckoning (PDR) technique. The step and heading measurements resulting from the PDR are fed to the SLAM that additionally estimates a map of the environment during the walk in order to reduce the remaining drift. For integrating MPs, we present a new proposal function for the particle filter implementation of the SLAM to account for the presence of MPs. In addition, a new weighting function for features such as escalators and elevators is developed and the features are learned and stored in the learned map. With this, locations of MPs are favored when revisiting the MPs again. The results show that the mean height error is about 0.1 m and the mean position error is less than 1 m for walks with long distances along the floors, even when using multiple floor level changes with different numbers of floors in a multistory environment. For walks with short walking distances and many floor level changes, the mean height error can be higher (about 0.5 m). The final floor number is in all cases except one correctly estimated.
Integration of IEEE1451 Sensor Networks and UPnP (2010)

For adopting wireless sensor network in consumer networks, easy configuration and standard based interoperable operations are important. General device-controller approach in service discovery protocols like UPnP allows sensor networks to be discovered and accessed as general UPnP devices via gateways. However, users also need standard capability information that fully describes sensor types, attributes, operations, and calibration to utilize sensor nodes. Integration of IEEE1451 architecture and UPnP network enables self-identification of sensor nodes and "plug and play" capability. In this short paper, we present a management system based on integration of IEEE1451 sensor networks and UPnP.
Signature Pedagogies and the Built Environment (2011)

In a lecture hosted by the National Research Council’s Center for Education, Shulman (2005) contrasted the different roles and responsibilities of faculty staff teaching students within subject are...
Cascaded digital lattice Boltzmann automata for high Reynolds number flow (2006)

Lattice Boltzmann methods are of limited applicability for direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow due to instabilities in the zero viscosity limit. We observe that this is caused by an insufficient degree of Galilean invariance of the relaxation-type Lattice Boltzmann collision operator. The cascaded digital lattice Boltzmann automata described here, provides a method with which to achieve stable collision operators down to the limit of zero viscosity.
Pipeline Bundles Model Implemented Into a Multiphase Flow Model (2000)

Abstract Deep-water production requires more and more advanced pipeline insulation to produce under safety conditions. For less than ten years, the research focuses on such insulation systems as pipe in pipe and more recently on pipeline bundles, system composed by some pipe sets within a carrier pipe. Then, attempts have been made to take into account the bundles modelisation in a transient multiphase flow model. The TACITE compositional code is able to simulate the behavior of transient multiphase flow in pipelines with process equipments such as controllers, valves, separators and lateral injectors. A transient pipeline bundle module has been developed to analyse the thermal interactions between several single phase lines and the main production line. The model is based on the numerical resolution of a set of energy balance equations, defined for each lines and the annulus medium within the bundle, to compute the heat transfer between the main production line, all the single phase lines, the carrier pipeline and the outside. The natural convection is taken into account in the annulus area. The SYSTUS code developed by SYSTUS International is currently used at Stolt Offshore to solve thermal engineering problems including pipeline bundles. The results of SYSTUS output have been checked against full size bundle test and then can be considered as a reference in this domain. Different simulations have been done with SYSTUS and TACITE in multiphase conditions in order to validate TACITE. This illustrates that the model developed for TACITE is both efficient and accurate. Also the simulation results demonstrate that it is important to take accurately into account thermal effects in case of deep-water production to predict phenomena such as hydrate formation or wax deposition.
AIDS. (1988)

AIDS is a syndrome that represents the most severe form of infection with the retrovirus HIV. Opportunistic infections, uncommon malignant neoplasms, and intractable immunologic deficiency are hallmarks of AIDS. To date, the syndrome in the U.S. is seen mainly in epidemiologically restricted populations. It appears to be transmitted in a manner analogous to hepatitis B. There is no available means of reversing the immune deficit. Therapy is restricted to treating the complicating infections and tumors. Those having been diagnosed with P. carinii pneumonia may benefit from therapy with AZT. The spread of HIV and the syndrome can only be reduced by preventive measures until an effective and safe vaccine can be developed.
Spread-spectrum techniques for wireless communication (1997)

The primary goal of this paper is to provide a concise introduction to the use of spread spectrum in wireless communications. The symbiotic relationship between wireless communications and digital microelectronics is also developing rapidly. Indeed, mobile and personal communications is now at parity with the computer industry as a major driver in the development of high-speed, low-power integrated circuits. Underlying this is the deep relationship between the theories of signal processing and communication. This is the motivation behind the second objective of this article: to present the concepts and capabilities of spread spectrum so that engineers versed in DSP can quickly grasp its utility and exploit opportunities for further advancing the performance of spread-spectrum systems. To these ends, we first present a simple digital communication system that operates in discrete time. Then we build upon this model to show the basic concepts and resulting benefits of spread spectrum. Then we introduce the two basic spread-spectrum techniques of direct-sequence (DS) and frequency hopping (FH), followed by two methods that have been recently proposed. Next we present simple models for the multipath fading channel, and introduce solutions employing both DS and FH techniques. We then briefly discuss descriptive links to other nonspread modulation techniques and conclude with a brief introduction to the literature for further investigation by the reader.
Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan-Caffeic Acid Conjugate against Antibiotic-Resistant Acne-Related Bacteria (2017)

The object of this study was to discover an alternative therapeutic agent with fewer side effects against acne vulgaris, one of the most common skin diseases. Acne vulgaris is often associated with acne-related bacteria such as <i>Propionibacterium</i><i>acnes</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i><i>epidermidis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i><i>aureus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i><i>aeruginosa</i>. Some of these bacteria exhibit a resistance against commercial antibiotics that have been used in the treatment of acne vulgaris (tetracycline, erythromycin, and lincomycin). In the current study, we tested in vitro antibacterial effect of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates on acne-related bacteria. Three chitosan-phytochemical conjugates used in this study exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than that of chitosan (unmodified control). Chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate (CCA) showed the highest antibacterial effect on acne-related bacteria along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 8 to 256 μg/mL). Additionally, the MIC values of antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant <i>P. acnes</i> and <i>P.</i><i>aeruginosa</i> strains were dramatically reduced in combination with CCA, suggesting that CCA would restore the antibacterial activity of the antibiotics. The analysis of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices clearly revealed a synergistic antibacterial effect of CCA with antibiotics. Thus, the median sum of FIC (∑FIC) values against the antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains ranged from 0.375 to 0.533 in the combination mode of CCA and antibiotics. The results of the present study suggested a potential possibility of chitosan-phytochemical conjugates in the control of infections related to acne vulgaris.
An Innovative Dicrotic Notch Detection Algorithm Which Combines Rule-Based Logic with Digital Signal Processing Techniques (1995)

Automated, real-time localization of the dicrotic notch, a component of the arterial pressure waveform, represents a deceptively complex problem in computerized biomedical signal processing. The high-frequency nature of the notch can make it difficult to distinguish from artifactual noise or from other high-frequency physiological components of the waveform. In addition, the contour of the notch varies with vascular status and with propagation through arterial beds, requiring any detection algorithm to recognize various possible notch conformations. Finally, location of the notch along the waveform may vary widely depending on other hemodynamic variables, further complicating detection algorithms. We have reviewed various published algorithms and have implemented a number of them to determine the strengths and shortcomings of each. We then developed a reliable and accurate hybrid algorithm which utilizes the strengths of the various algorithmic approaches reviewed; after analyzing the waveform, the algorithm selects the most appropriate method for accurate notch localization based on a series of waveform features. The application of rule-based logic represents a relatively unique approach to digital signal processing.
5-Alkynyl Pyrimidine Nucleosides as Potent Selective Inhibitors of Varicella-Zoster Virus (1992)

A series of 5-alkynyl substituted 2′-deoxyuridine and β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Three promising analogues, 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethynyluracil (EYaraU), 2′-deoxy-5-prop-1-ynyluridine (PYdU) and 1-(β-D-arabinof uranosyl)-5-prop-1-ynyluracil (PYaraU) had potent activity against eight strains of VZV with IC 50 values averaging 1 μM. This activity was selective for VZV as the compounds were significantly less active against herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in contrast to 2′-deoxy-5-ethynyluridine (EYdU) which is highly active against all three viruses. The ability of these compounds to inhibit the growth of Vera or MRC-5 cells was over 2 orders of magnitude less than their antiviral activity (CC 50 in Vero cells 350 μM for EYaraU and >500 μM for PYdU and PYaraU and >500 μM for all 3 compounds in MRC-5 cells). Direct comparative studies showed these compounds to be more potent and more selective than acyclovir (ACV).