gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mr. Pepys Goes to Church (1938)

Sameul Pepys attended church fairly regularly between 1660 and 1669, and the Diary contans numerous comments on the churches where he worshipped, and the sermons which he heard. His remarks are not only interesting, and often amusing, in themselves, but they serve to reveal how the Church and its clergy at that period impressed an astute man of the world, who was a shrewd and appreciative, and occasionally a harsh, critic.
Branched Hydrocarbon Low Surface Energy Materials for Superhydrophobic Nanoparticle Derived Surfaces (2015)

We present a new class of superhydrophobic surfaces created from low-cost and easily synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles functionalized carboxylic acids having highly branched hydrocarbon (HC) chains. These branched chains are new low surface energy materials (LSEMs) which can replace environmentally hazardous and expensive fluorocarbons (FCs). Regardless of coating method and curing temperature, the resulting textured surfaces develop water contact angles (θ) of ∼155° and root-mean-square roughnesses (Rq) ≈ 85 nm, being comparable with equivalent FC functionalized surfaces (θ = 157° and Rq = 100 nm). The functionalized nanoparticles may be coated onto a variety of substrates to generate different superhydrophobic materials.
Post-buckling and Snap-Through Behavior of Inclined Slender Beams (2008)

Based on the geometrical nonlinear theory of large deflection elastic beams, the governing differential equations of post-buckling behavior of clamped-clamped inclined beams subjected to combined forces are established. By using the implicit compatibility conditions to solve the nonlinear statically indeterminate problems of elastic beams, the strongly nonlinear equations formulated in terms of elliptic integrals are directly solved in the numerical sense. When the applied force exceeds the critical value, the numerical simulation shows that the inclined beam snaps to the other equilibrium position automatically. It is in the snap-through process that the accurate configurations of the post-buckling inclined beam with different angles are presented, and it is found that the nonlinear stiffness decreases as the midpoint displacement is increased according to our systematical analysis of the inward relations of different buckling modes. The numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained in the experiments.
Polycondensation of mono‐ and difunctional derivatives of <i>p</i>‐xylene (1976)

Abstract A new method for the production of polydimethylbenzylenes, $ \rlap{--} [{\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_4 ({\rm CH})_2 {\rm CH}_{\rm 2} \rlap{--} ]_n $ , involves the polycondensation of the mono‐ and dichloromethyl and mono‐ and diacetoxymethyl derivatives of p ‐xylene via an acid‐catalyzed reaction in anhydrous acetic acid. The reaction of the difunctional derivatives is slower than the reaction of the monofunctional ones, leading to linear, predominantly crystalline, high‐melting polymers with molecular weights of 2000–3000. Polycondensation of both monomers under different feed ratios leads to polymers with the same structure, and the monofunctional monomers condense with themselves more favorably than with the difunctional ones. Thus a head‐to‐head structure is preferred, and crystalline polymers of high structural purity are obtained.
Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

Background: Serum uric acid (UA) is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney injury. Current epidemiological evidence is limited regarding the association between UA and the development of CVD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Objective: To examine associations of serum UA with CVD and major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (MACE) in T1DM. Methods: UA was measured in sera (1997-2000) from a subset of participants (n=973; males=540, females=433) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Subsequent CVD events were adjudicated by a review committee masked to DCCT assignment and HbA1c levels, and defined as the time to the first of any of the following: non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, CVD death, silent MI on annual ECG, angina confirmed by ischemic changes with exercise tolerance testing, congestive heart failure, or revascularization; MACE were defined as a composite of CVD death, nonfatal MI, or stroke. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate prospectively the effect of UA as a fixed covariate on CVD and MACE, separately by gender, and adjusted for age and HbA1c. Results: Over 15 years follow-up, there were 201 adjudicated CVD events among 110 participants (HR=1.10 per 1 mg/dl change in UA, 95% CI 0.93-1.30); 61 males experienced 96 events (HR=1.15, 95% CI 0.90-1.46) and 49 females, 105 events (HR=1.17, 95% CI 0.88-1.56). There were 62 adjudicated MACE among 53 participants (HR=1.18, 95% CI 0.93-1.49); 29 males experienced 31 events (HR=1.10, 95% CI 0.77-1.58) and 24 females, 31 events (HR=1.47, 95% CI 1.01-2.14). No significant associations between quartiles of UA and either CVD or MACE were observed in either sex. Conclusions: Our results show UA may not serve as a predictive biomarker for CVD events in T1DM adults. Sex-specific associations with MACE deserve further investigation. Disclosure A. Basu: None. B. Braffett: None. A. Jenkins: Research Support; Self; Medtronic, Mylan, Sanofi-Aventis. I. Bebu: None. R.L. Klein: None. M.F. Lopes-Virella: None. S. Dagogo-Jack: None. T.J. Orchard: None. A. Wallia: Research Support; Self; UnitedHealth Group. Consultant; Self; Glytec Systems, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Lachin: Board Member; Self; AbbVie Inc., Celgene Corporation. W. Garvey: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; Sanofi, Pfizer Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Elcelyx Therapeutics, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eisai Inc.. T. Lyons: None.
Nuclear import of the Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal is regulated by phosphorylation (1999)

In Drosophila, dorsal-ventral polarity is determined by a maternally encoded signal transduction pathway that culminates in the graded nuclear localization of the Rel protein, Dorsal. Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm by the IkappaB protein, Cactus. Signal-dependent phosphorylation of Cactus results in the degradation of Cactus and the nuclear targeting of Dorsal. We present an in-depth study of the functional importance of Dorsal phosphorylation. We find that Dorsal is phosphorylated by the ventral signal while associated with Cactus, and that Dorsal phosphorylation is essential for its nuclear import. In vivo phospholabeling of Dorsal is limited to serine residues in both ovaries and early embryos. A protein bearing mutations in six conserved serines abolishes Dorsal activity, is constitutively cytoplasmic, and appears to eliminate Dorsal phosphorylation, but still interacts with Cactus. Two individual serine-to-alanine mutations produce unexpected results. In a wild-type signaling background, a mutation in the highly conserved PKA site (S312) produces only a weak loss-of-function; however, it completely destabilizes the protein in a cactus mutant background. Significantly, the phosphorylation of another completely conserved serine (S317) regulates the high level of nuclear import found in ventral cells. We conclude that the formation of a wild-type Dorsal nuclear gradient requires the phosphorylation of both Cactus and Dorsal. The strong conservation of the serines suggests that phosphorylation of other Rel proteins is essential for their proper nuclear targeting.
Urinary excretion reflects lung deposition of aminoglycoside aerosols in cystic fibrosis (2001)

Using nebulization to deliver aminoglycosides may be of benefit in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, one problem with this route is the absence of clinical parameters allowing estimation of the mass of drug deposited in the lungs (MDL). The aim of this study was to assess whether aminoglycoside excretion in the urine reflects the MDL. Fourteen studies were performed in seven CF patients. Amikacin was mixed with albumin labelled with 99mTc and nebulized with an ultrasonic nebulizer. The MDL was determined by the mass-balance technique. Urine was collected during the 24 h following inhalation and was assayed for amikacin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The mean+/-SEM MDL was 14.0+/-2.2% of the nebulizer charge. The mean+/-SEM amount of amikacin excreted in the urine was 20.9+/-4.5 mg and correlated with the MDL (r=0.93; p=0.0001). There was, however, wide intersubject variability in both deposition and excretion in the urine. Monitoring excretion of aminoglycosides in the urine allows noninvasive estimation of the mass of drug deposited in the lung in cystic fibrosis patients, which might be useful to assess the dose-response relationship in groups of patients, but intersubject variability prevents its use for individual follow-up.
Extracting Inter-Sentence Relations for Associating Biological Context with Events in Biomedical Texts (2019)

We present an analysis of the problem of identifying biological context and associating it with biochemical events described in biomedical texts. This constitutes a non-trivial, inter-sentential relation extraction task. We focus on biological context as descriptions of the species, tissue type, and cell type that are associated with biochemical events. We present a new corpus of open access biomedical texts that have been annotated by biology subject matter experts to highlight context-event relations. Using this corpus, we evaluate several classifiers for context-event association along with a detailed analysis of the impact of a variety of linguistic features on classifier performance. We find that gradient tree boosting performs by far the best, achieving an F1 of 0.865 in a cross-validation study.
Cytokine Mechanisms of Central Sensitization: Distinct and Overlapping Role of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Regulating Synaptic and Neuronal Activity in the Superficial Spinal Cord (2008)

Central sensitization, increased sensitivity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons after injuries, plays an essential role in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain. However, synaptic mechanisms underlying central sensitization are incompletely known. Growing evidence suggests that proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), are induced in the spinal cord under various injury conditions and contribute to pain hypersensitivity. Using patch-clamp recordings in lamina II neurons of isolated spinal cord slices, we compared the effects of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Whereas TNFalpha enhanced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs), IL-6 reduced the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs). Notably, IL-1beta both enhanced the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs and reduced the frequency and amplitude of sIPSCs. Consistently, TNFalpha and IL-1beta enhanced AMPA- or NMDA-induced currents, and IL-1beta and IL-6 suppressed GABA- and glycine-induced currents. Furthermore, all the PICs increased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in superficial dorsal horn neurons and produced heat hyperalgesia after spinal injection. Surprisingly, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) produced initial decrease of sEPSCs, followed by increase of sEPSCs and CREB phosphorylation. Spinal injection of sIL-6R also induced heat hyperalgesia that was potentiated by coadministration with IL-6. Together, our data have demonstrated that PICs induce central sensitization and hyperalgesia via distinct and overlapping synaptic mechanisms in superficial dorsal horn neurons either by increasing excitatory synaptic transmission or by decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. PICs may further induce long-term synaptic plasticity through CREB-mediated gene transcription. Blockade of PIC signaling could be an effective way to suppress central sensitization and alleviate chronic pain.
Knowledge-based visualization of myocardial perfusion tomographic images (2002)

A totally automated rule-based expert system developed for interpreting three-dimensional myocardial perfusion distributions obtained from thallium-201 tomographic images is described. Over 200 heuristic rules have been generated for interpreting stress perfusion defects and their characteristics. Perfusion defects are identified in terms of pixels below gender-matched normal patient distributions. Perfusion defects which reversed with time are identified in terms of pixels above gender-matched normal patient distributions. The expert system automatically calculates certainty factors from each perfusion defect to provide the relative certainty associated with the location and shape of each myocardial perfusion defect, as well as with the presence, location, and character of each coronary lesion. Results from a test using a pilot group of 20 patients are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzymatic Preparation of Novel Non-reducing Oligosaccharides Having an Isomaltosyl Residue by Using the Transfer Action of Isomaltodextranase from<i>Arthrobacter globiformis</i>T6 (1995)

Journal Article Enzymatic Preparation of Novel Non-reducing Oligosaccharides Having an Isomaltosyl Residue by Using the Transfer Action of Isomaltodextranase from Arthrobacter globiformis T6 Get access Yeon-Kye Kim, Yeon-Kye Kim Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3–5–8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoichi Tsumuraya, Yoichi Tsumuraya Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3–5–8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, JapanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Urawa, Saitama 338, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiyuki Sakano Yoshiyuki Sakano Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3–5–8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 7, 1 January 1995, Pages 1367–1369, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1367 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Published: 01 January 1995 Received: 18 January 1995
A "framework" for object oriented frameworks design (2003)

Object-oriented frameworks are established tools for domain-specific reuse. Many framework design patterns have been documented, e.g. reverse engineering framework architectures from conventionally built applications for a given domain. The framework development cycle generally evolves from an open framework to a closed application. We describe a more flexible component-based approach to framework design that stresses a common interface for 'plugging-in' new components at different lifecycle stages. An analysis of framework-related user roles shows that the classical developer/end-user boundary is too rigid. We see the framework's development as a continuum within which its 'actors' can customise its behavior. This both increases the system's flexibility and reduces its maintenance requirement. A case study of three frameworks for different application domains illustrates the presented principles.
Stage Specific Assessment of Candida albicans Phagocytosis by Macrophages Identifies Cell Wall Composition and Morphogenesis as Key Determinants (2012)

Candida albicans is a major life-threatening human fungal pathogen. Host defence against systemic Candida infection relies mainly on phagocytosis of fungal cells by cells of the innate immune system. In this study, we have employed video microscopy, coupled with sophisticated image analysis tools, to assess the contribution of distinct C. albicans cell wall components and yeast-hypha morphogenesis to specific stages of phagocytosis by macrophages. We show that macrophage migration towards C. albicans was dependent on the glycosylation status of the fungal cell wall, but not cell viability or morphogenic switching from yeast to hyphal forms. This was not a consequence of differences in maximal macrophage track velocity, but stems from a greater percentage of macrophages pursuing glycosylation deficient C. albicans during the first hour of the phagocytosis assay. The rate of engulfment of C. albicans attached to the macrophage surface was significantly delayed for glycosylation and yeast-locked morphogenetic mutant strains, but enhanced for non-viable cells. Hyphal cells were engulfed at a slower rate than yeast cells, especially those with hyphae in excess of 20 µm, but there was no correlation between hyphal length and the rate of engulfment below this threshold. We show that spatial orientation of the hypha and whether hyphal C. albicans attached to the macrophage via the yeast or hyphal end were also important determinants of the rate of engulfment. Breaking down the overall phagocytic process into its individual components revealed novel insights into what determines the speed and effectiveness of C. albicans phagocytosis by macrophages.
Ultra low-power receiver design for dense optical interconnects (2012)

In this work, a compact low-power optical receiver that scales well with technology has been designed to explore the potential of optical signaling for future chip-to-chip and on-chip communication. The proposed receiver resolves the problem by employing an integrating RC front-end along with dynamic offset modulation technique that decouple the bandwidth/data-rate and integration/headroom trade-offs.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate organic/inorganic hybrid films (1995)

Abstract A series of organic/inorganic hybrid (OIH) films were prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) as the organic component and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the inorganic component. The chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of these films were evaluated with a variety of analytical techniques. The results of these evaluations showed that crosslinked CA OIH films were formed during the sol‐gel reactions. The structure of OIH films was very sensitive to the CA/TEOS ratio and film formation conditions. All of the films with added TEOS were two phase on a molecular level, i.e., inorganic TEOS domains surrounded by a CA matrix. Under some film formation conditions the presence of TEOS, a nonsolvent for CA, led to solvent/nonsolvent phase separation on the micron scale. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acute toxicity and relationship between metabolites and ecotoxicity during the biodegradation process of non-ionic surfactants: fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol polyethoxylate and alkylpolyglucosides (2009)

The toxicity values of fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol polyethoxylate, and alkylpolyglucosides have been determined by applying assays with luminescent bacteria. Also, the relation between metabolites and ecotoxicity during the biodegradation process has been determined. The biodegradation tests were carried out according to the OECD 301 E test for ready biodegradability. In these tests a solution of the surfactant, representing the sole carbon source for the microorganisms, was tested in a mineral medium, inoculated and incubated under aerobic conditions in the dark. The toxicity of surfactants is related to their molecular structure (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships, QSAR). For the alkylpolyglucosides, toxicity expressed as EC(50) is related with the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant, and the hydrophobic alkyl chain (R). The results indicate that toxicity increased as the CMC decreased and as the hydrophobicity increased and R rose. For fatty-alcohol ethoxylates, parameters characteristic studied have been HLB, number of units of ethylene oxide and the alkyl chain length. Relationships found are in agreement with the fact that increasing the alkyl chain length leads to a lower EC(50), whereas increasing ethoxylation leads to a lower toxicity. An analysis of the behaviour of the toxicity and HLB again indicates that the toxicity was greater for surfactants with a smaller HLB. The evolution of the toxicity was studied over the biodegradation process, expressed as a percentage of inhibition. For all the non-ionic surfactants assayed, except for the nonylphenol polyethoxylate, a major decline was found in toxicity during the first days of the biodegradation assay and at all the concentrations tested.
Software engineering for user interfaces (1984)

The discipline of Software Engineering can be extended in a natural way to deal with the issues raised by a systematic approach to the design of human-machine interfaces. Two main points are made: that the user should be treated as part of the system being designed, and that projects should be organized to take account of the current (small) state of a priori knowledge about how to design interfaces.Because the principles of good user-interface design are not yet well specified (and not yet known), interfaces should be developed through an iterative process. This means that it is essential to develop tools for evaluation and debugging of the interface, much the same way as tools have been developed for the evaluation and debugging of program code. We need to develop methods of detecting bugs in the interface and of diagnosing their cause. The tools for testing interfaces should include measures of interface performance, acceptance tests, and benchmarks. Developing useful measures is a non-trivial task, but a start can and should be made.
Review: In the Company of Jesus. Characters in Mark's Gospel (2002)

In the Company of Jesus. Characters in Mark's Gospel Elizabeth Struthers Malbon xx + 244 Louisville, KY Westminster John Knox Press 2000 Paperback0 664 22255 2
Ductile‐Regime Machining of Germanium and Silicon (1990)

Precision machining of germanium and silicon was studied using single‐point diamond turning. Special attention was directed to the so‐called ductile regime wherein optical quality surface finishes can be machined directly on brittle materials. A novel interrupted‐cutting test and a new model of the machining process were used to measure a critical‐depth parameter experimentally. This parameter governs the transition from plastic flow to fracture along the tool nose. The critical‐depth parameter can be used to provide physical insight into the effect of various machining parameters such as tool rake angle or tool clearnace angle. Because of a complex interplay between tool geometry, machining parameters, and material response, a large fraction of material removal occurs by fracture even when ductile‐regime conditions are achieved.
Chemically Triggered C–ON Bond Homolysis of Alkoxyamines. Quaternization of the Alkyl Fragment (2011)

The C-ON bond homolysis in alkoxyamine 2a can be chemically triggered by the protonation of the 4-pyridylalkyl fragment. The resulting 15-fold increase in k(d) (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4291-4293) was investigated experimentally and theoretically by quaternization of the pyridyl moiety using methylating (MeOTs), acylating (AcCl), and benzylating (PhCH(2)Br) agents as well as by oxidation of the pyridyl moiety into N-oxide and by the formation of a dative bond with BH(3) as a Lewis acid.