gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Solid Phases in the Ternary Systems of Silicon and Carbon with Rhenium and the Six Platinum Metals (1962)

Possible reactions in the ternary systems of carbon and silicon with rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium have been studied at 1600°, 1340°, 1170°, 1350°, and 1340°C, respectively. At these temperatures the only stable phases are solid metal silicides and silicon carbide. Approximate ternary diagrams are fixed for the systems carbon‐silicon‐palladium and carbon‐silicon‐platinum by examination of phases formed during cooling from above the liquidus temperatures. Lower limits to the thermodynamic stability of many of the metal silicides are set by the stability of these phases relative to reaction with carbon to form silicon carbide. Higher limits to the stability of the other metal silicides are set by their instability relative to reaction with carbon to form silicon carbide. These limits are used to estimate heats of formation for the platinum‐family metal silicides. Measured and estimated heats of formation of other transition metal silicides are tabulated.
Long perfluoroalkyl chains are not required for dynamically oleophobic surfaces (2012)

Dynamically oleophobic surfaces for alkane liquids, such as n-decane, n-dodecane and n-hexadecane, were successfully prepared using a simple sol–gel mixture containing 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (FAS3) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). Due to the enhancement of the motion of functional groups by addition of TMOS as a molecular spacer, small volume alkane droplets (3 μL) could be easily set in motion to move across and off our hybrid surfaces without pinning at low tilt angles (∼10°), and without relying on conventional surface roughening and long-chain perfluoroalkylsilanes.
Direct effects of transforming growth factor-beta on chondrocytes are modulated by vitamin D metabolites in a cell maturation-specific manner (1993)

Chondrocytes in the endochondral differentiation pathway produce transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and response to this growth factor both in vitro and in vivo. To clarify the role that cell maturation state plays in the response, we used a well characterized chondrocyte cell culture model which compares cartilage cells at two different stages of maturation. Confluent fourth passage cultures of rat costochondral resting zone and growth zone cartilage cells were incubated with recombinant human (rh) TGF-beta-1 for 24, 48, or 72 h, and the effect on cell number and [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed. To assess whether TGF-beta regulates chondrocyte differentiation to a calcifying cartilage phenotype, cells were incubated for 24 h with TGF-beta, and the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2, two enzymes associated with calcification, were assayed in isolated plasma membranes and matrix vesicles. Alkaline phosphatase-specific activity was also measured in the cell layer. Modulation of TGF-beta action by vitamin D metabolites, also known to regulate endochondral differentiation, was examined. The ability of the chondrocytes to produce latent TGF-beta was assayed. The results show that: 1) quiescent chondrocytes at two stages of endochondral maturation respond to rhTGF-beta-1 by increasing [3H]thymidine incorporation; 2) growth zone cells exhibit no increase in cell number over a 72-h incubation with TGF-beta, whereas resting zone cells exhibit a dose-dependent increase in cell number at 72 h; 3) nonquiescent cells exhibit an increase in alkaline phosphatase-specific activity at 24 h; 4) the effects on this membrane enzyme are comparable in the plasma membranes and matrix vesicles, but the net effect is greater in the extracellular organelle due to the intrinsically higher levels of activity; 5) although differentiation is promoted in resting zone cells, it is limited in the growth zone cells by inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity; and 6) there is a synergistic enhancement of resting zone chondrocyte differentiation when cells are exposed to rhTGF-beta-1 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Evaluation of cognitive function for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Event-related potentials (2007)

The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine the profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by systemic neuropsychological test batteries and event-related potential (ERP) measures. We examined 11 cases diagnosed as the sporadic form of ALS according to the El Escorial criteria; 4 patients had a spinal, 7 had a bulbar onset of the disease. We compared ALS patients with normal controls (NC) that were matched sex, age, and education. Neuropsychological signature was assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the New Modified Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). We also performed correlative studies with respiratory test, arterial blood gas analysis, clinical acuity (using "revised ALS functional rating scale"), and duration of morbidity. The auditory "oddball" stimulation was presented and recorded from 20 channels and global field power (GFP) and peak latency of GFP were determined. MMSE score, resulted in more than 24, revealed obvious dementia of all patients. However, the preservative errors of WCST supposed to increase among bulbar-onset patients. In ERP study, the prolongation of P3 GFP latency compared with NC was recognized. N2 GFP peak amplitude positively correlated with PaO2 level and negatively correlated with PaCO2 level. In addition, we found negative correlation between vital capacity and N1 GFP amplitude, and between vital capacity and P3 GFP latency. According to the advance of clinical acuity, P3 latency was prolonged. Our findings supported that a reduction of prefrontal function exists in the bulbar-onset patients, although hypoxia and hypercapnia may also influence to cognition indicated by abnormalities of ERP components regardless of ALS subtype. Combination ERP measurement and the detailed neuropsychological and clinical acuity assessments clarified many factors influence to cognitive function of sporadic ALS patients.
ID1 Enhances Docetaxel Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer Cells through Inhibition of p21 (2010)

To identify potential mechanisms underlying prostate cancer chemotherapy response and resistance, we compared the gene expression profiles in high-risk human prostate cancer specimens before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical prostatectomy. Among the molecular signatures associated with chemotherapy, transcripts encoding inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) were significantly upregulated. The patient biochemical relapse status was monitored in a long-term follow-up. Patients with ID1 upregulation were found to be associated with longer relapse-free survival than patients without ID1 increase. This in vivo clinical association was mechanistically investigated. The chemotherapy-induced ID1 upregulation was recapitulated in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Docetaxel dose-dependently induced ID1 transcription, which was mediated by ID1 promoter E-box chromatin modification and c-Myc binding. Stable ID1 overexpression in LNCaP increased cell proliferation, promoted G(1) cell cycle progression, and enhanced docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in cellular mitochondria content, an increase in BCL2 phosphorylation at serine 70, caspase-3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In contrast, ID1 siRNA in the LNCaP and C42B cell lines reduced cell proliferation and decreased docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting cell death. ID1-mediated chemosensitivity enhancement was in part due to ID1 suppression of p21. Overexpression of p21 in LNCaP-ID1-overexpressing cells restored the p21 level and reversed ID1-enhanced chemosensitivity. These molecular data provide a mechanistic rationale for the observed in vivo clinical association between ID1 upregulation and relapse-free survival. Taken together, it shows that ID1 expression has a novel therapeutic role in prostate cancer chemotherapy and prognosis.
Hydrogen sulfide mediates vasoactivity in an O<sub>2</sub>-dependent manner (2007)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has recently been shown to have a signaling role in vascular cells. Similar to nitric oxide (NO), H(2)S is enzymatically produced by amino acid metabolism and can cause posttranslational modification of proteins, particularly at thiol residues. Molecular targets for H(2)S include ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, and H(2)S may interact with NO and heme proteins such as cyclooxygenase. It is well known that the reactions of NO in the vasculature are O(2) dependent, but this has not been addressed in most studies designed to elucidate the role of H(2)S in vascular function. This is important, since H(2)S reactions can be dramatically altered by the high concentrations of O(2) used in cell culture and organ bath experiments. To test the hypothesis that the effects of H(2)S on the vasculature are O(2) dependent, we have measured real-time levels of H(2)S and O(2) in respirometry and vessel tension experiments, as well as the associated vascular responses. A novel polarographic H(2)S sensor developed in our laboratory was used to measure H(2)S levels. Here we report that, in rat aorta, H(2)S concentrations that mediate rapid contraction at high O(2) levels cause rapid relaxation at lower physiological O(2) levels. At high O(2), the vasoconstrictive effect of H(2)S suggests that it may not be H(2)S per se but, rather, a putative vasoactive oxidation product that mediates constriction. These data are interpreted in terms of the potential for H(2)S to modulate vascular tone in vivo.
Synthesis of 3-Carboxylated Indoles through a Tandem Process Involving Cyclization of 2-Ethynylanilines Followed by CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation in the Absence of Transition Metal Catalysts (2012)

In this study, a facile synthesis of 3-carboxylated indoles involving a tandem-type cyclization of 2-ethynylanilines and subsequent CO2 fixation at the 3-position of the indole ring is realized. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 65 °C under 10 atm of CO2, giving rise to variously substituted 3-carboxylated indoles, generally in high yields. An inorganic base, such as K2CO3, is the only reagent required, and the addition of transition metal catalysts is not necessary. The method provides a novel, simple, and promising strategy for CO2 fixation in the research field of heterocyclic chemistry.
Effects of Zeta Potential and Fiber Diameter on Coupled Heat and Liquid Moisture Transfer in Porous Polymer Materials (2010)

This study is a theoretical investigation of the liquid water transport coupled with moisture and heat transfer in porous polymer materials. The solid surface zeta potential and the fiber diameter are investigated to reveal the mechanisms of the coupling effects. Based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electric double layers and Navier-Stokes equation of liquid flows, a mathematical model to simulate the complex coupled heat and moisture transfer in porous polymer materials is reported in this paper.
Ph<sub>2</sub>SO/Tf<sub>2</sub>O:  a Powerful Promotor System in Chemoselective Glycosylations Using Thioglycosides (2003)

Diphenylsulfoxide in combination with triflic anhydride provides a very potent thiophilic glycosylation promotor system, capable of activating disarmed thioglycosides. The usefulness of this novel thiophilic activator is illustrated in a successful chemoselective glycosylation sequence in which the donor thioglycoside in the first condensation step may be either armed or disarmed. [reaction: see text]
Biological, histological, and clinical impact of preoperative IL‐2 administration in radically operable gastric cancer patients (2004)

This randomized study would suggest that a preoperative immunotherapy with IL-2 is a well-tolerated treatment able to prevent surgery-induced lymphocytopenia. IL-2 seems to neutralize the immunosuppression induced by operation and so to stimulate the host reaction against tumor tissue (lymphocytes/eosinophils infiltration). Furthermore IL-2 seems to have an impact on clinical course reducing morbidity of surgery and ameliorating overall and disease-free survival.
Catalytic Vapor-Phase Oxidation of Xylenes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Vapor-Phase Oxidation of XylenesS. K. Bhattacharyya and I. B. GulatiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 12, 1719–1726Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50588a023Request reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
An Energy-Delay Efficient Subword Permutation Unit (2006)

Subword permutations are useful in many multimedia and cryptographic applications. Specialized instructions have been added to the instruction set of general-purpose processors to efficiently implement the required data rearrangements. In this paper, the design of a new energy-delay efficient subword permutation unit is examined. The proposed architecture has been derived by mapping the functionality of one of the most powerful permutation instructions (GRP) to a new enhanced linear sorting network. The introduced subword permutation unit is fast and achieves significant area and energy reductions compared to previous implementations. Also its regularity and its reduced wiring enables efficient VLSI implementations. The efficiency of the proposed architecture has been validated using static CMOS implementations in a standard performance 130nm CMOS technology
Causal probabilistic modelling for clinical decision support in the high dependency environment (1992)

A physiologically-based model of the relevant cardiovascular, respiratory and associated processes of a patient resident in a high dependency environment is described. The model will be implemented using a Causal Probabilistic Network, and will be tuned to represent the individual patient. It will provide advice, for instance regarding changes in ventilator therapy, and the model will also be used to detect and correct equipment malfunction and operator error.
Generating remote control interfaces for complex appliances (2002)

The personal universal controller (PUC) is an approach for improving the interfaces to complex appliances by introducing an intermediary graphical or speech interface. A PUC engages in two-way communication with everyday appliances, first downloading a specification of the appliance's functions, and then automatically creating an interface for controlling that appliance. The specification of each appliance includes a high-level description of every function, a hierarchical grouping of those functions, and dependency information, which relates the availability of each function to the appliance's state. Dependency information makes it easier for designers to create specifications and helps the automatic interface generators produce a higher quality result. We describe the architecture that supports the PUC, and the interface generators that use our specification language to build high-quality graphical and speech interfaces.
Business intelligence from Twitter for the television media: A case study (2010)

Twitter, the social network service, is a rich source of information on customer response to a live event such as a television show. In this paper we present a case study where we analyzed publicly available tweets that were posted when a popular TV show was aired for the first time in a season. We use standard text-mining techniques to answer questions such as, what were the main themes during the show, what drove the popularity of the show and what were the kind of viewers who were tweeting on the show. This kind of business intelligence can be used by content producers in improving future shows, in targeted marketing to audience, in gathering competitive intelligence and many other ways.
Direct Protein Kinase C-dependent Phosphorylation Regulates the Cell Surface Stability and Activity of the Potassium Chloride Cotransporter KCC2 (2007)

The potassium chloride cotransporter KCC2 plays a major role in the maintenance of transmembrane chloride potential in mature neurons; thus KCC2 activity is critical for hyperpolarizing membrane currents generated upon the activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine (Gly) receptors that underlie fast synaptic inhibition in the adult central nervous system. However, to date an understanding of the cellular mechanism that neurons use to modulate the functional expression of KCC2 remains rudimentary. Using Escherichia coli expression coupled with in vitro kinase assays, we first established that protein kinase C (PKC) can directly phosphorylate serine 940 (Ser(940)) within the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of KCC2. We further demonstrated that Ser(940) is the major site for PKC-dependent phosphorylation for full-length KCC2 molecules when expressed in HEK-293 cells. Phosphorylation of Ser(940) increased the cell surface stability of KCC2 in this system by decreasing its rate of internalization from the plasma membrane. Coincident phosphorylation of Ser(940) increased the rate of ion transport by KCC2. It was further evident that phosphorylation of endogenous KCC2 in cultured hippocampal neurons is regulated by PKC-dependent activity. Moreover, in keeping with our recombinant studies, enhancing PKC-dependent phosphorylation increased the targeting of KCC2 to the neuronal cell surface. Our studies thus suggest that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of KCC2 may play a central role in modulating both the functional expression of this critical transporter in the brain and the strength of synaptic inhibition.
Performance management, organization and practice for results (1967)

“One of the main causes of company ineffiency is the absence of clearly defined objectives. A great many companies operate on the assumption that their objectives are self‐evident and need not be defined.”
The Novel Antibacterial Drug XF-70 is a Potent Inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus Infection of the Burn Wound (2010)

The authors report the findings of in vivo studies of XF-70 (a novel, dicationic porphyrin) against Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model of a burn wound infection. Mice received a 15% total body scald burn wound, which were inoculated with S. aureus (1.8 x 10 CFU). After 24 hours, escharectomies were performed and groups (n = 8) received single or two doses (6 hours apart) of XF-70* (100 microg/wound) or silver sulfadiazine, Acticoat, or saline applied topically. Viable bacteria were quantified from homogenized burn tissue biopsies and the spleen by plating dilutions onto agar plates and CFU determination. A single dose of XF-70 reduced bacterial burden by 98.77% (untreated: 2.78 +/- 2.96 x 10 CFU/g vs XF-70 treated: 3.4 +/- 0.19 x 10 CFU/g, P < .01). Two XF-70 doses reduced the growth of S. aureus by 99.96% (1.2 +/- 0.6 x 10 CFU/g, P < .01). These results were similar to the results obtained from commonly used topical antibacterials silver sulfadiazine and Acticoat. The spleens of mice treated with saline had a robust growth of S. aureus (7.0 +/- 1.97 x 10 CFU/g) whereas those treated with one or two XF-70 doses grew only 3.5 +/- 0.002 x 10 CFU/g and 5.7 +/- 0.002 x 10 CFU/g, respectively, a significant (P < .001) reduction in S. aureus dissemination. Single and multiple doses of XF-70 were effective in controlling S. aureus growth in burn wounds and inhibited systemic dissemination of S. aureus. Early treatment of burn wounds with XF-70 may be effective in slowing bacterial dissemination to other tissues.
Electrochemical Alloying of Lithium in Organic Electrolytes (1971)

Lithium metal was found to alloy with the other metals including noble metals in an organic electrolyte electrochemical cell: in propylene carbonate/metal at ambient temperature with the evolution of electrical energy. The alloying occurred in many organic electrolytes containing lithium ions. Both the coulombic efficiency and the rate of alloying were found to be high. The alloys were gray to dark gray and brittle. Chemical and x‐ray analysis indicated that they were intermetallic compounds.
Peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection (1994)

The most significant epidemiologic findings over this review period have been the isolation of Helicobacter pylori from feces and the results of the Eurogast Study firmly linking colonization by H. pylori to the development of gastric carcinoma. With respect to the mechanisms of pathogenesis, the purification of the cytotoxin and an investigation of its mode of action are also important. Similarly, the demonstration of the effect of H. pylori on somatostatin and gastrin-releasing peptide levels open further avenues of research. Numerous serologic tests are currently available, and an increasing use in screening procedures to reduce endoscopy workloads can be anticipated. The current regimen giving the highest eradication rate is bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline for 2 weeks, although the use of omeprazole with antibiotics is becoming more prevalent. Finally, the development of a vaccine is likely to be a major research area for the future.
Optimal Dose Distribution for Eradication of Heterogeneous Tumors (1987)

The traditional single hit multitarget theory has been applied on the probability of eradication of an organ or a tumor and the probability for causing complications in normal tissue. This simple theory predicts a decreasing possibility to achieve uncomplicated tumor control with increasing tumor size and maintained irradiation technique, because the control curve moves to higher doses and the complication curve to lower doses as the tumor size increases. This simple result is shown to be consistent with clinically observed dose response relations for small and large tumors. The optimal dose distribution for eradication of a heterogeneous tumor is derived on the assumption that a uniform minimal recurrence probability is most advantageous for the patient. The optimal dose distribution is proportional to the spatial variation of the local D0 value and the logarithm of the tumor cell density. Various techniques to measure the density of tumor cells and the different possibilities to deliver non-uniform dose distributions to the target volume are also discussed.