gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review on power optimization of linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for Low power built in self test (BIST) (2011)

A new low transition test pattern generator using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) called LT-LFSR reduce the average and peak power of a circuit during test by generating three intermediate patterns between the random patterns. The goal of having intermediate patterns is to reduce the transitional activities of Primary Inputs (PI) which eventually reduces the switching activities inside the Circuit under Test (CUT) and hence, power consumption. The random nature of the test patterns is kept intact. The area overhead of the additional components to the LFSR is negligible compared to the large circuit sizes. The experimental results for ISCAS'85 and '89 benchmarks, confirm up to 77% and 49% reduction in average and peak power, respectively.
Treatment of gastric carcinoids type 1 with the gastrin receptor antagonist netazepide (YF476) results in regression of tumours and normalisation of serum chromogranin A (2012)

The gastrin receptor antagonist netazepide is a promising new medical treatment for type 1 gastric carcinoids, which appear to be gastrin-dependent. Controlled studies and long-term treatment are justified to find out whether netazepide treatment can eradicate type 1 gastric carcinoids.
Sustained Dendritic Gradients of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Induced by Excitatory Amino Acids in CA1 Hippocampal Neurons (1988)

Spatially resolved measurements of intracellular free calcium and of the changes produced by excitatory amino acids were made in neurons isolated from adult mammalian brain. Extremely long-lasting (minutes) Ca2+ gradients were induced in the apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 neurons after brief (1 to 3 seconds), local application of either glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). These gradients reflect the continuous flux of Ca2+ into the dendrite. The sustained gradients, but not the immediate transient response to the agonists, were prevented by prior treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor sphingosine. Expression of the long-lasting Ca2+ gradients generally required a priming or conditioning stimulus with the excitatory agonist. The findings demonstrate a coupling between NMDA receptor activation and long-lasting intracellular Ca2+ elevation that could contribute to certain use-dependent modifications of synaptic responses in hippocampal CA1 neurons.
InGaAsP/InP Multi-Mode Interference Photonic Switches for Monolithic Photonic Integrated Circuits (1999)

InGaAsP/InP semiconductor photonic switches using multi-mode interference (MIPS) are proposed for monolithic photonic integrated circuits. Changing the refractive indices of index-modulated regions located in the center of a multi-mode waveguide, controls its switching functions. It is predicted from calculations by an FD-TD (finite difference time domain) method that these devices can operate in various kinds of output schemes with typical device dimensions of about 8 µm width and 540 µm length. 1×2 InGaAsP/InP MIPS's with a high-mesa structure have been fabricated, and fundamental switching characteristics were measured. At the preliminary stage, switching was observed at 20 mA current injection with about 37% extinction ratio. Switching efficiency and cross talk of the MIPS can be improved by optimizing the device dimensions and structure. The flexibility of setting the index-modulated regions suggests versatile operation of the MIPS, such as a photonic space division switch, a variable power splitter, or as an optical modulator.
Black carbon particulate matter emission factors for buoyancy-driven associated gas flares (2012)

Flaring is a technique used extensively in the oil and gas industry to burn unwanted flammable gases. Oxidation of the gas can preclude emissions of methane (a potent greenhouse gas); however, flaring creates other pollutant emissions such as particulate matter (PM) in the form of soot or black carbon (BC). Currently available PM emissionfactors for flares were reviewed and found to be questionably accurate, or based on measurements not directly relevant to open-atmosphere flares. In addition, most previous studies of soot emissions from turbulent diffusion flames considered alkene or alkyne based gaseous fuels, and few considered mixed fuels in detail and/or lower sooting propensity fuels such as methane, which is the predominant constituent of gas flared in the upstream oil and gas industry. Quantitative emission measurements were performed on laboratory-scale flares for a range of burner diameters, exit velocities, and fuel compositions. Drawing from established standards, a sampling protocol was developed that employed both gravimetric analysis of filter samples and real-time measurements of soot volume fraction using a laser-induced incandescence (LII) system. For the full range of conditions tested (burner inner diameter [ID] of 12.7-76.2 mm, exit velocity 0.1-2.2 m/sec, 4- and 6-component methane-based fuel mixtures representative of associated gas in the upstream oil industry), measured soot emission factors were less than 0.84 kg soot/10(3) m3 fuel. A simple empirical relationship is presented to estimate the PM emission factor as a function of the fuel heating value for a range of conditions, which, although still limited, is an improvement over currently available emission factors.
The Autothermal Pyrolysis of Waste Tires (1995)

Abstract The growing amount of rubber waste, such as that from tires and cables, has resulted in serious environmental problems. Since rubber waste is not easily biodegradable even after a long period of landfill treatment, material and energy recovery is the preferable alternative to disposal. The potential offered by waste tire pyrolysis for solving both energy and waste treatment problems is widely recognized. Pyrolysis is one method of inducing thermal decomposition without using any oxidizing agent, or using such a limited supply of the agent that oxidization does not proceed to an appreciable extent. The latter may be described as autothermal pyrolysis and will be studied in the present work. The main objective of this research was to study the operating parameters of autothermal pyrolysis of scrap tires in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor with a 100-cm bed height (10 cm I.D.) and a 100-cm freeboard (25 cm I.D.). Scrap tires were pyrolyzed in a limited oxygen supply, so that the heat for pyrolysis of the scrap tires was provided by combustion of some portion of the scrap tires. The operating parameters evaluated included the effect on the pyrolysis oil products and their relative proportions of (1) the air factor (O.O7–O35); (2) the pyrolysis temperature (370–570 °C); and (3) the catalyst added (zeolite and calcium carbonate). The results show that: (1) the composition of the liquid hydrocarbon obtained is affected significantly by the air factor; (2) the higher operating temperature caused a higher yield of gasoline and diesel; (3) the yield of gasoline increased due to the catalyst zeolite added, and the yield of diesel increased due to the addition of the catalyst calcium carbonate; (4) the principal constituents of gasoline included dipentene and diprene.
연구논문(硏究論文) : 세법상(稅法上) 부당행위계산(不當行爲計算) 부인(否認)의 요건(要件)과 효과(效果) (2) (2005)

부당행위계산 부인은 공평과세의 이념을 실현하고자 사법적으로 유효한 거래행위가 조세의 부당한 감소를 낳을 경우 과세관청이 경제적 합리성의 관점에서 거래를 재구성하여 재구성된 법률관계를 기초로 부당행위계산을 한 자의 소득금액을 계산하여 과세하는 제도이다. 부당행위계산이 성립하기 위해서는 법인세법시행령 제88조 제1항 각 호가 규정하고 있는 행위 유형에 해당하여야 하고, 나아가 조세의 부당한 감소를 가져와야 한다. 전자는 부당행위계산 성립의 형식적 요건이며, 후자는 그 실질적 요건이다. 조세감소의 부당성을 따지는 데 있어서는 경제적 합리성의 관점에서 따질 것이나, 경제적 운용능력이 보통인 통상인을 기준으로 하여야 하며, 사회통념상 허용될 수 있는 정도의 거래의 자유는 보장되어야 한다. 부당행위계산의 효과와 관련하여서는 다음의 두 가지 점에 주목하여야 한다. 첫째, 부당행위계산에서 거래를 재구성하는 것은 일종의 의제인데, 그 효력은 원칙적으로 부당행위계산을 행한 자의 소득금액을 계산하기 위한 것에 그쳐야 한다. 둘째, 의제의 효과가 부당행위계산을 행한 자의 소득금액을 계산하기 위한 것 외의 분야에 미치게 하려면 세법에 이를 원용하는 특별한 규정이 있어야 하는데, 법인세법상의 소득처분은 바로 그와 같은 경우에 해당한다.
6 Receptors for Picornaviruses (1994)

Infection of specific host cells by picornaviruses is initiated by the attachment of virions to host cells (for reviews, see Crowell and Landau 1983; Colonno 1987, 1992; Crowell 1987; Flore et al. 1990; Lentz 1990; Stanway 1990; Koike et al. 1992b; Racaniello 1992). This event is usually a specific one, in that susceptible cells possess membrane-associated molecules, called receptors (R), which virions recognize in a specific way. The receptors generally are plasma membrane glycoproteins, which are embedded in the membrane lipid bilayer of the cell by the transmembrane region of the molecule, with the amino-terminal amino acid chain extending away from the cell and the carboxy-terminal region extending into the cytoplasm. It is presumed that picornaviruses have evolved differentiated regions in their symmetrical capsid structure, referred to as virion attachment sites (VAS), which recognize specific features of selected cellular membrane proteins for binding. The receptors for virus attachment also serve the cell for other functions, which are just becoming known for some picornaviruses (Greve at al. 1989; Staunton et al. 1989; Tomassini et al. 1989b; Bergelson et al. 1992, 1994; Huber 1994). Interest in the early events of infection of cells by picornaviruses was ushered in by the early studies of poliovirus attachment to mammalian cells (McLaren et al. 1959; Holland 1961). These studies revealed the importance of the presence of specific cellular receptors to initiate infection. Only primate cells possessed specific receptors and were permissive to poliovirus infection, whereas nonprimate cells were devoid of specific receptors for polioviruses and,...
Identidad Profesional y Carrera de Mujeres en Cargos Gerenciales (2015)

Se indaga la relacion entre la identidad profesional y el desarrollo de carrera de mujeres que ocupaban posiciones gerenciales bajo la modalidad de empleo en la ciudad de Cali-Colombia. Considerando la identidad profesional como la forma en que las mujeres se definen a si mismas como trabajadoras, se abordaron las propuestas de Ciampa (1987), Mead (1993) y Scheibe (1995). La carrera fue concebida como una movilidad entre actividades profesionales en la vida de la persona (Malvezzi, 1999), siendo la metafora de carrera sin fronteras propuesta por Arthur & Rousseau (1996) un recurso explicativo para analizar las carreras. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad que fueron procesadas bajo las tecnicas de analisis de contenido (Bardin, 2002), y lineas narrativas (Spink, 2000). Se encontro que la relacion entre identidad profesional y la carrera se encuentra en la sumatoria de los movimientos, experiencias, relaciones y concepciones en los trabajos, donde se configura de forma dialectica un sentido sobre si mismas y su trayectoria. Se evidencio tambien una lectura y reflexion continua de su quehacer profesional, a traves de los acontecimientos de la vida personal que impactan en la identidad, en los cuales se cuestionan aspectos de si y de su entorno, expresando en una construccion del self en el sentido de instancia auto-reflexiva. Se resalta la coexistencia de realidades tradicionales y contemporaneas del mundo del trabajo, lo cual se expresa en formas de construir y significar los movimientos en la carrera, desde formas mas estables hasta otras que siguen logicas flexibles.
Effect of agitation intensities on fungal morphology of submerged fermentation (1997)

Both parallel fermentations with Aspergillus awamori (CBS 115.52) and a literature study on several fungi have been carried out to determine a relation between fungal morphology and agitation intensity. The studied parameters include hyphal length, pellet size, surface structure or so-called hairy length of pellets, and dry mass per-wet-pellet volume at different specific energy dissipation rates. The literature data from different strains, different fermenters, and different cultivation conditions can be summarized to say that the main mean hyphal length is proportional to the specific energy dissipation rate according to a power function with an exponent of −0.25 ± 0.08. Fermentations with identical inocula showed that pellet size was also a function of the specific energy dissipation rate and proportional to the specific energy dissipation rate to an exponent of −0.16 ± 0.03. Based on the experimental observations, we propose the following mechanism of pellet damage during submerged cultivation in stirred fermenters. Interaction between mechanical forces and pellets results in the hyphal chip-off from the pellet outer zone instead of the breakup of pellets. By this mechanism, the extension of the hyphae or hair from pellets is restricted so that the size of pellets is related to the specific energy dissipation rate. Hyphae chipped off from pellets contribute free filamentous mycelia and reseed their growth. So the fraction of filamentous mycelial mass in the total biomass is related to the specific energy dissipation rate as well. To describe the surface morphology of pellets, the hyphal length in the outer zone of pellets or the so-called hairy length was measured in this study. A theoretical relation of the hairy length with the specific energy dissipation rate was derived. This relation matched the measured data well. It was found that the porosity of pellets showed an inverse relationship with the specific energy dissipation rate and that the dry biomass per-wet-pellet volume increased with the specific energy dissipation rates. This means that the tensile strength of pellets increased with the increase of specific energy dissipation rate. The assumption of a constant tensile strength, which is often used in literature, is then not valid for the derivation of the relation between pellet size and specific energy dissipation rate. The fraction of free filamentous mycelia in the total biomass appeared to be a function of the specific energy dissipation in stirred bioreactors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 715–726, 1997.
Three-Dimensional Coronary MR Angiography Performed with Subject-Specific Cardiac Acquisition Windows and Motion-Adapted Respiratory Gating (2003)

Coronary MR angiography with subject-specific acquisition windows and motion-adapted respiratory gating reduces scanning times while maintaining image quality and provides high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of coronary artery stenosis.
Characteristics of gate leakage current and breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors after postprocess annealing (2014)

The effects of postprocess annealing on the gate leakage current and breakdown voltage characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was investigated. The fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were postannealed at 250, 300, 350, 400, or 450 °C under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere by using rapid thermal annealing, and both direct current (dc) and pulsed measurements were performed to characterize the changes in device performance. The reverse gate leakage current (IG) at VG = −10 V was reduced by one order of magnitude and the off-state drain breakdown voltage (Voff) increased by over three-fold after postprocess annealing at 450 °C. The reverse gate leakage current was found to be independent of gate-to-drain potential after annealing. The gate pulse measurements revealed the activation of deep traps during the postannealing at elevated temperatures.
Genetic Recombination and Commitment to Meiosis in <i>Saccharomyces</i> (1974)

Diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae become committed to recombination at meiotic levels without becoming committed to the meiotic disjunction of chromosomes. These two events of the meiotic process can be separated by removing cells from a meiosis-inducing medium and returning them to a medium that promotes vegetative cell division. Cells removed at an appropriate time remain diploid, revert to mitosis, and display recombination with meiotic-like frequencies. Those removed after this time are committed to the completion of meiosis. Diploids of three conditional sporulation-deficient mutants (spo1-1, spo2-1, and spo3-1) have been examined for recombination at restrictive temperatures. All exhibit commitment to recombination without commitment to meiotic disjunction as in the wild type. Cells of spo1-1/spo1-1 do not replicate the spindle pole body for meiosis I; thus, recombination ability can be acquired by cells that do not proceed beyond this cytological stage.
Differential changes in the expression of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoforms in rat brains by chronic treatment with electroconvulsive shock (2000)

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) has been suggested to affect cAMP signaling pathways to exert therapeutic effects. ECS was recently reported to increase the expression of PDE4 isoforms in rat brain, however, these studies were limited to PDE4 family in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Thus, for comprehensive understanding of how ECS regulates PDE activity, the present study was performed to determine whether chronic ECS treatment induces differential changes in the expression of all the PDE isoforms in rat brains. We analyzed the mRNA expression of PDE isoforms in the rat hippocampus and striatum using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found chronic ECS treatment induced differential changes in the expression of PDE isoform 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 at the rat hippocampus and striatum. In the hippocampus, the expression of PDE1A/B (694%), PDE4A (158%), PDE4B (323 %), and PDE4D (181%) isoforms was increased from the controls, but the expression of PDE2 (62.8%) and PDE7 (37.8%) decreased by chronic ECS treatment. In the striatum, the expression of PDE1A/B (179%), PDE4A (223%), PDE4B (171%), and PDE4D (327%) was increased by chronic ECS treatment with the concomitant decrease in the expression of PDE2 (78.4%) and PDE3A (67.1%). In conclusion, chronic ECS treatment induces differential changes in the expression of most PDE isoforms including PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE4, PDE5, and PDE7 in the rat hippocampus and striatum in an isoform- and brain region-specific manner. Such differential change is suggested to play an important role in regulation of the activity of PDE and cAMP system by ECS.
111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide binding and somatostatin receptor subtypes in thyroid tumors. (2000)

Despite the lack of sstr2 at Northern blot analysis in most of the thyroid tumors studied, high T/Bs were in general found when compared with corresponding values for normal thyroid tissue. The sometimes extremely high ratios are promising and indicate a possibility of using radiolabeled octreotide for radiation therapy of sstr-positive tumors in the future.
A microbial clock provides an accurate estimate of the postmortem interval in a mouse model system (2013)

Establishing the time since death is critical in every death investigation, yet existing techniques are susceptible to a range of errors and biases. For example, forensic entomology is widely used to assess the postmortem interval (PMI), but errors can range from days to months. Microbes may provide a novel method for estimating PMI that avoids many of these limitations. Here we show that postmortem microbial community changes are dramatic, measurable, and repeatable in a mouse model system, allowing PMI to be estimated within approximately 3 days over 48 days. Our results provide a detailed understanding of bacterial and microbial eukaryotic ecology within a decomposing corpse system and suggest that microbial community data can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating PMI. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01104.001.
Network Layer Implemented Anycast Load Balancing (2007)

This paper presents a server selection method where the server selection is performed by the network, at the first router from the client. This method, usable in networks under single administrative control, combines network metrics (such as traffic or latency) with common server load balancing metrics (such as load, CPU utilisation or response time), allowing network conditions to be taken into account when selecting the server which will handle the request. The performance of this technique was compared, by means of simulations, to that of widely used techniques such as random, round robin and least loaded server selection.
Fusing data management services with file systems (2009)

File systems are the backbone of large-scale data processing for scientific applications. Motivated by the need to provide an extensible and flexible framework beyond the abstractions provided by API libraries for files to manage and analyze large-scale data, we are developing Damasc, an enhanced file system where rich data management services for scientific computing are provided as a native part of the file system.
High serum coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>, positively correlated with age, selenium and cholesterol, in Inuit of Greenland. A pilot study (1999)

Greenlanders (Eskimos) have low prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, partly explained by a lower extent of atherosclerosis and a low n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids. As atherosclerosis is also a result of oxidative stress, the total antioxidative readiness could have a substantial impact. From a health survey we chose the subpopulation from the most remote area, where the traditional Greenlandic diet with high intake of sea mammals and fish predominates. The mean (SD) of S-CoQ10 in males was 1.495 (0.529) nmol/ml and 1.421 (0.629) nmol/ml in females, significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to a Danish population. In a linear multiple regression model the S-CoQ10 level is significantly positively associated with age and S-selenium in males, and S-total cholesterol in females. The high level of CoQ10 in Greenlanders probably reflects diet, since no bioaccumulation takes place, and it could probably be a substantial part of the antioxidative defense.
Hydrologic model Calibration using Fuzzy TSK surrogate model (2005)

In order to find the best parameter set of a hydrologic model, error minimization is often used. In this case, optimization is performed using fuzzy TSK surrogate model, a fuzzy Tagaki Sugeno Kang based method chosen for its efficiency and robustness. Parameter space exploration is performed using the surrogate model, thus avoiding the use of the computationally expensive full model. The dimensionality of the problem is not very high (requires the calibration of 15-150 parameters), however the computational cost for the evaluation of the cost function is significant. In order to evaluate the cost function for a single set of parameters, 2hrs (for watersheds smaller than 100 km/sup 2/) to 24 hrs (for watersheds larger than 100,000 km/sup 2/) of computer time is required. To avoid this cost, the surrogate model is constructed to approximate the actual model, which maps the known data points. Since the surrogate model is inexpensive to evaluate, we can explore the model space and find the optimum value cheaply. In each iteration, the surrogate model is used to predict the minimizer of the actual model, then the actual model is evaluated at the predicted minimizer and the surrogate is updated to include the new data. This process continues until sufficient cost function (error) reduction is achieved.
Identification of Natural Bispecific Antibodies against Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and Immunoglobulin G in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2011)

We successfully identified the presence of natural bispecific antibodies. Our results suggest that these antibodies originate from anti-CCP and RF in the sera of RA patients. The natural occurrence of bispecific antibodies in human diseases may provide new insights for a better understanding of the diseases. Further investigations are needed to elucidate their precise generation mechanisms and explore their clinical significance in disease development and progression in a larger study population.