gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ubiquitin‐proteasome system in Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Accumulation of proteins is a recurring event in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence has suggested that protein accumulation may result from a dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Indeed, there is clear genetic and biochemical evidence of an involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system in AD. This review summarizes the data supporting an involvement of the UPS in the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on the data showing the relationship between Abeta and tau, the two hallmark lesions of AD, and the UPS.
Characterization of Rice NADPH Oxidase Genes and Their Expression under Various Environmental Conditions (2013)

Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (Noxs) are key producers of reactive oxygen species under both normal and stress conditions in plants. We demonstrate that at least eleven genes in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were predicted to encode Nox proteins, including nine genes (OsNox1-9) that encode typical Noxs and two that encode ancient Nox forms (ferric reduction oxidase 1 and 7, OsFRO1 and OsFRO7). Phylogenetic analysis divided the Noxs from nine plant species into six subfamilies, with rice Nox genes distributed among subfamilies I to V. Gene expression analysis using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time qRT-PCR indicated that the expression of rice Nox genes depends on organs and environmental conditions. Exogenous calcium strongly stimulated the expression of OsNox3, OsNox5, OsNox7, and OsNox8, but depressed the expression of OsFRO1. Drought stress substantially upregulated the expression of OsNox1-3, OsNox5, OsNox9, and OsFRO1, but downregulated OsNox6. High temperature upregulated OsNox5-9, but significantly downregulated OsNox1-3 and OsFRO1. NaCl treatment increased the expression of OsNox2, OsNox8, OsFRO1, and OsFRO7, but decreased that of OsNox1, OsNox3, OsNox5, and OsNox6. These results suggest that the expression profiles of rice Nox genes have unique stress-response characteristics, reflecting their related but distinct functions in response to different environmental stresses.
Constitutive Inflammatory Cytokine Storm: A Major Threat to Human Health (2019)

Immune cells secrete small protein molecules that aim for cell-cell communications. These small molecules are called cytokines. Targeting cancer cells with administration of bispecific antibodies and natural extracts results in elevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-6, which lead to cell toxicity. Sustained release of cytokines due to immunotherapy or hormonal issues causes various diseases. Novel T cell-engaging therapies and monoclonal antibodies cause cytokine release syndrome. Efforts are being carried out to maximize the chance for therapeutic benefit from immunotherapy while minimizing the risk for life-threatening complications of sustained cytokine release. Neurodegeneration and cardiac diseases are the prominent diseases caused by inflammatory cytokines. The phenomenon is called cytokine storm. Cytokines can act antagonistically or synergistically. Constitutive expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-3 and IL-6 causes organ damage and unbearable pain. In this review, we will discuss the regulators of cytokine release, its types, its implications on human health, and treatment.
Cancellous Bone Response to Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite in Osteoporotic Rats (2015)

With the HA implants as controls, the 10%SrHA implants were shown to increase bone density and bone-to-implant contact, and improve trabecular architecture in the vicinity of implant surfaces.
Starch‐Based Nanocomposites Using Layered Minerals (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Starch–Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Starch-Based Nanocomposites Using Different Layered Materials Biodegradable Starch–Polyester Nanocomposite Materials Discussion and Conclusion References
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study (2020)

A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.
Relationship between the gas composition of the middle ear and the venous blood at steady state (1995)

Concomitant continuous measurements of the steady-state gas composition of the middle ear and of the venous blood were recorded by mass spectrometry in four guinea pigs. The following mean values were obtained for the partial pressures of middle ear gases; nitrogen + argon, 606.4 mm Hg; oxygen, 46.2 mm Hg; and carbon dioxide, 60.2 mm Hg. The corresponding values for the venous blood were as follows: Nitrogen + argon, 563.4 mm Hg; oxygen, 38.0 mm Hg; and carbon dioxide, 61.4 mm Hg. The similarity of the steady-state gas composition of the middle ear to that of the venous blood suggests that the partial pressures of the gases in the middle ear are controlled by interchange with gases present in the blood.
Bacteriophage-based therapy in cystic fibrosis-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: rationale and current status (2015)

Pulmonary infections involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa are among the leading causes of the deterioration of the respiratory status of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in such populations, favored by iterative antibiotic cures, has led to the urgent need for new therapies. Among them, bacteriophage-based therapies deserve a focus. One century of empiric use in the ex-USSR countries suggests that bacteriophages may have beneficial effects against a large range of bacterial infections. Interest in bacteriophages has recently renewed in Western countries, and the in vitro data available suggest that bacteriophage-based therapy may be of significant interest for the treatment of pulmonary infections in CF patients. Although the clinical data concerning this specific population are relatively scarce, the beginning of the first large randomized study evaluating bacteriophage-based therapy in burn infections suggests that the time has come to assess the effectiveness of this new therapy in CF P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Consequently, the aim of this review is, after a brief history, to summarize the evidence concerning bacteriophage efficacy against P. aeruginosa and, more specifically, the in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials targeting CF.
Functional effects of caloxin 1c2, a novel engineered selective inhibitor of plasma membrane Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐pump isoform 4, on coronary artery (2008)

Coronary artery smooth muscle expresses the plasma membrane Ca(2+) pump (PMCA) isoforms PMCA4 and PMCA1. We previously reported the peptide inhibitor caloxin 1b1 that was obtained by using extracellular domain 1 of PMCA4 as the target (Am J Physiol Cell.290 [2006] C1341). To engineer inhibitors with greater affinity and isoform selectivity, we have now created a phage display library of caloxin 1b1-like peptides. We screened this library by affinity chromatography with PMCA from erythrocyte ghosts that contain mainly PMCA4 to obtain caloxin 1c2. Key properties of caloxin 1c2 are (a) Ki = 2.3 +/- 0.3 microM which corresponds to a 20x higher affinity for PMCA4 than that of caloxin 1b1 and (b) it is selective for PMCA4 since it has greater than 10-fold affinity for PMCA4 than for PMCA1, 2 or 3. It had the following functional effects on coronary artery smooth muscle: (a) it increased basal tone of the de-endothelialized arteries; the increase being similar at 10, 20 or 50 microM, and (b) it enhanced the increase in the force of contraction at 0.05 but not at 1.6 mM extracellular Ca(2+) when Ca(2+) extrusion via the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump were inhibited. We conclude that PMCA4 is pivotal to Ca(2+) extrusion in coronary artery smooth muscle. We anticipate caloxin 1c2 to aid in understanding the role of PMCA4 in signal transduction and home-ostasis due to its isoform selectivity and ability to act when added extracellularly.
Experimental optimization of the optical and electrical properties of a half-wavelength-thick organic hetero-structure in a Micro-cavity (2012)

In the context of progress towards the organic laser diode, we experimentally investigate the optical and electrical optimization of an OLED in a vertical λ/2 microcavity. The microcavity consists of a quarter-wavelength TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayer mirror, a half-wavelength-thick OLED and a semitransparent aluminum cathode. The Alq3/DCM2 guest-host system is used as the emitting layer. This study focuses on the design and the fabrication of a half-wavelength thick organic hetero-structure exhibiting a high current density despite both the thickness increase and the cathode thickness reduction. The emission wavelength, the line-width narrowing and the current-density are studied as a function of two key parameters: the hetero-structure optical thickness and the aluminum cathode thickness. The experimental results show that a 125 nm thick cavity OLED ended by a 20 nm thick aluminum cathode exhibits a resonance at 606 nm with a full width at half maximum of 11 nm, and with current-densities exceeding 0.5 A/cm². We show that even without a top high-quality-mirror the incomplete microcavity λ/2 OLED hetero-structure exhibits a clear modification of the spontaneous emission at normal incidence.
Development of laser diagnostic probes for chemical vapor deposition of InP/InGaAsP epitaxial layers (1982)

Laser spectroscopic methods have been developed for the detection of PH3, P2, AsH3, As2, InCl, and GaCl, using both tunable-dye-laser induced fluorescence and excimer laser excitation. These are the primary reactants participating in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of InP/InGaAsP epitaxial layers. Using a reaction tube designed to simulate a CVD growth reactor, the detection limits measured for all these species are well below those levels typically employed during layer growth. Specific applications are outlined, and several examples are given relating these techniques to conditions expected in InP/InGaAsP layer growth.
Structural Studies of a Borane-Modified Phosphate Diester Linkage:  Ab Initio Calculations on the Dimethylboranophosphate Anion and the Single-Crystal X-ray Structure of Its Diisopropylammonium Salt (1998)

The dimethylboranophosphate anion was characterized by ab initio calculations and by X-ray crystallography. The 1.905 Å P−BH3 bond is longer and less polar than the 1.51 Å P−O bond of the analogous normal phosphate diester; the structures are otherwise quite similar. In the crystal, the phosphoryl oxygen forms hydrogen bonds with acidic protons of neighboring cations; the borane does not form hydrogen bonds. The relevance of the structure to boranophosphate nucleotide analogues is discussed.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MOMETASONE FUROATE CREAM IN THE TREATMENT OF STEROID RESPONSIVE DERMATOSES (1991)

The safety and efficacy of once daily application of mometasone furoate cream 0.1% was determined by comparison with twice daily applications of betamethasone dipropionate cream 0.05% in a single blind, dual centre, randomized study in patients with a variety of steroid-responsive inflammatory dermatoses, the most common of which was psoriasis. Morning plasma cortisol levels revealed little adrenal suppression in either of the two study groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Routine laboratory investigations showed no trends in values outside the normal ranges that were of clinical significance. Less skin atrophy was seen in the group treated with mometasone furoate. In comparison to the betamethasone dipropionate treated group, those treated with mometasone furoate exhibited only slight evidence of skin atrophy, and this was not observed before four to twelve weeks of treatment. Eighteen percent of patients using mometasone reported adverse reactions but all were of limited duration and did not persist despite continued application of the drug. Nine percent of patients using betamethasone dipropionate reported adverse effects. Both drugs were found to be highly effective with no significant difference between the two groups at the termination of the treatment period. Of importance is the fact that whilst mometasone furoate is found to be a highly effective treatment for a variety of steroid-responsive dermatoses, this drug has only a limited potential for production of local and systemic side effects. Thus, a high margin of safety can be expected for patients using this drug.
Disruption of the Apelin-APJ System Worsens Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension (2011)

These data demonstrate that disruption of apelin signaling can exacerbate PH mediated by decreased activation of AMP-activated kinase and eNOS, and they identify this pathway as a potentially important therapeutic target for treatment of this refractory human disease.
Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language (1997)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Dialogue session: management using voiceXML (2001)

A spoken dialogue system capable of maintaining a humanmachine conversation over a telephone must simultaneously maintain many dialogue sessions with different callers and third-party servers running applications over the Internet. There are three main issues to be addressed. First, the caller’s identity has to be passed between each dialogue turn. Secondly, the dialogue state and connections to third party servers have to be continuously maintained. Thirdly, the system interfaces have to follow some standards, especially Internet protocols. We use session tickets and session object hashes to address these issues. Each dialogue turn is encoded in a session data object and VXML page. The session tickets contain the session ID and security-related information passed between the VoiceXML interpreter and document server. The session object hash stores the third party connection handle, which is retrieved for subsequent dialogue turns.
Reactions of Oximate α-Nucleophiles with Esters:  Evidence from Solvation Effects for Substantial Decoupling of Desolvation and Bond Formation (2002)

This communication is concerned with deviations from linearity in Brønsted-type nucleophilicity plots as indicators of changes in transition-state structures, in particular as related to solvational effects. Increasing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) content of DMSO-water mixtures removes the leveling off observed in Brønsted type plots of the reaction of p-nitrophenylacetate (PNPA) with oximate alpha-nucleophiles. This is interpreted as due to virtually complete decoupling between desolvation of the oxyanion nucleophile and bond formation in the rate-determining transition state (solvational imbalance).
Disturbance Classification and Rejection Using Pattern Recognition Methods (2003)

The design of disturbance classification and accommodation techniques for complex chemical systems is generating considerable research interest. In this work, we propose to employ a pattern recognition method, viz., the fuzzy clustering, to classify disturbances. Various operating modes of the plant, including normal and anticipated/measured fault modes, are represented as clusters in a suitable dynamic clustering space. The key idea is to classify any unmeasured disturbance in terms of nominal and known disturbance modes by assigning the appropriate membership to these known clusters. For the rejection of the unmeasured disturbances, the deployment of composite controllers that are built by fuzzy aggregation of the individual controller actions is proposed. Validation results using closed-loop simulation involving a simple illustrative single-input−single-output control loop and also a nonlinear, multivariable continuous stirred tank reactor are presented to demonstrate the validity of the methodology in classification and accommodation of unmeasured steplike disturbances.
LOOK, MA! NO DRIVER (1985)

This article describes the Autonomous Land Vehicle (ALV), an unmanned vehicle with a TV camera and laser for eyes, and a computer using a form of artificial intelligence to interpret the resulting picture and keep the vehicle on the road. The ALV is the most visible part of the Strategic Computing Program, a one-billion-dollar research and development project sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The project's goal is to build machines capable of intelligent, functional behavior. The technology DARPA is testing on the ALV can be applied across the entire artificial intelligence spectrum, including robots assigned to do any number of complex tasks.
Wavelength coverage of lead-europium-selenide-telluride diode lasers (1984)

Diode lasers made from a new semiconductor material, Pb1−xEuxSeyTe1−y, have recently been developed for sensor applications. This material is grown by molecular beam epitaxy and may be lattice matched to PbTe substrates. Double heterojunction mesa stripe diode lasers have been fabricated and the laser emission energy determined as a function of composition. At 80 K, the emission energy follows the relation E (in eV)=0.219+5.51x. With the range of active region compositions so far explored (up to x=0.046, y=0.054), the wavelength range 6.6–2.6 μm can be covered under pulsed conditions (6.6–3.8 μm cw). Laser operation up to 190 K pulsed, 147 K cw, has been attained with up to 1-mW single mode output power. These devices are useful for spectroscopic measurements of molecules in a gas or adsorbed onto surfaces.
Solubilization in nonionic reverse micelles in carbon dioxide (1994)

Abstract Phase behavior data and FTIR spectra along with solubilities and solvatochromic shifts of ionic indicator dyes are reported for binary, ternary and quaternary systems composed of pentaethylene glycol n‐octyl ether (C 8 E 5 ), CO 2 , water, and n‐pentanol as a function of temperature, pressure and composition. With the addition of n‐pentanol as a cosurfactant, the water to surfactant ratio, W 0 , reaches values as high as 12. As water is added further, a surfactant‐rich phase precipitates due to micellemicelle interactions. Ionic dyes are soluble at levels of 0.03 mM, far in excess of the negligible solubility in pure CO 2 .
Building a Scientific Concept Hierarchy Database (SCHBase) (2015)

Eytan Adar, Srayan Datta. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Interference of current distortion patterns and magnetoresistance anisotropy in a composite with periodic microstructure (1996)

A detailed theoretical and numerical study is presented of the anisotropic magnetotransport which was recently predicted to occur in composite conductors with a periodic microstructure. Contour plots and three-dimensional graphs of the local dissipation rate around an isolated obstacle and around a periodic array of obstacles, as well as vector plots of the distorted current pattern, are produced and used to discuss the details of the anisotropic magnetoresistance. The problem of an isolated spherical or cylindrical inclusion in a homogeneous host has a closed form solution. This is exploited in order to give a perturbation treatment of the problem of multiple inclusions. A good qualitative understanding of many features of the anisotropy can be achieved by considering the interference between the current distortion patterns produced by just two obstacles of either spherical or cylindrical shape. As a result of these discussions, we have now achieved a more complete understanding of how the anisotropic magnetotransport arises in a periodic composite conductor. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Normally-off high-contrast asymmetric Fabry–Perot reflection modulator using Wannier–Stark localization in a superlattice (1990)

A normally-off surface normal Fabry–Perot reflection modulator with a contrast ratio of more than 60:1 with an operating voltage swing of 8 V has been demonstrated. The asymmetric Fabry–Perot structure consists of 100 periods of a 30 Å GaAs/30 Å Al0.3Ga0.7As superlattice sandwiched between a highly reflecting quarter-wavelength stack on the substrate side, and a less reflecting front mirror (air-semiconductor interface) on the top. The net Fabry–Perot reflection is turned on by reducing the cavity loss at resonance through the blue-shifted electroabsorption effect of Wannier–Stark localization in the superlattice.
An operating system for a Reconfigurable Active SSD processing node (2012)

We have recently proposed a Distributed Reconfigurable Active SSD computation platform (RASSD) for processing data-intensive applications at the storage node itself, without having to move data over slow networks. In this paper, we present the design of an operating system (OS) for the RASSD node. RASSD OS is a multitasking real-time operating system that runs on the 32-bit MicroBlaze <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> soft processor core available for Xilinx <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> FPGA's. We discuss in this paper our OS design features which include initializing the node and configuring the different components of the RASSD node, monitoring the node's activities, and processing middleware requests. RASSD OS provides a set of services to the middleware through which it hides the low-level details of the node's hardware architecture. We describe the functions essential for the data-intensive processing within the RASSD node using examples that capture the common states of the node and various possible requests.
On the choice of grasp type and location when handing over an object (2019)

The human hand is capable of performing countless grasps and gestures that are the basis for social activities. However, which grasps contribute the most to the manipulation skills needed during collaborative tasks, and thus which grasps should be included in a robot companion, is still an open issue. Here, we investigated grasp choice and hand placement on objects during a handover when subsequent tasks are performed by the receiver and when in-hand and bimanual manipulation are not allowed. Our findings suggest that, in this scenario, human passers favor precision grasps during such handovers. Passers also tend to grasp the purposive part of objects and leave "handles" unobstructed to the receivers. Intuitively, this choice allows receivers to comfortably perform subsequent tasks with the objects. In practice, many factors contribute to a choice of grasp, e.g., object and task constraints. However, not all of these factors have had enough emphasis in the implementation of grasping by robots, particularly the constraints introduced by a task, which are critical to the success of a handover. Successful robotic grasping is important if robots are to help humans with tasks. We believe that the results of this work can benefit the wider robotics community, with applications ranging from industrial cooperative manipulation to household collaborative manipulation.