gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific chromosome manipulation (1981)

Abstract Whole chromosome manipulation within a crop species is restricted in the main to the hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42). Directed manipulation within this group is possible because aneuploidy is tolerated, and at least 60 monosomic sets, representative of many of the successful wheats of the world, are available. These permit, after recurrent backcrossing and cytological selection, the substitution of whole chromosomes from one variety into another. Substitution lines have been used to identify chromosomes and genes responsible for varietal differences affecting a range of important agronomic characters, and provide the most efficient method of genetical analysis available in wheat or indeed in any crop species. The length of time taken to develop substitution lines is, however, a weakness of the approach. A method in which monosomic sets are crossed reciprocally overcomes this weakness and permits the identification of significant chromosomal effects in one to two generations. Modifications to the method enable chromosomal effects to be studied in any varietal combination even though monosomic sets are not available in all the varieties being studied. The results obtained by intraspecific chromosome manipulation have been exploited in the development of a high-yielding spring wheat after recombination of a single chromosome substituted into a winter wheat. This example suggests that the methods may have direct applications to plant breeding where large chromosomal effects have been identified. This is particularly relevant where the variation concerned is difficult to assess. These methods also have a major part to play in increasing the understanding of the genetic architecture of wheat. It is also likely that they will have value in transferring useful genes from distantly related varieties.
Malformations in chicken embryos in the Northeast. (1988)

In Deborah Barnes' article "Joint Soviet-U.S. attack on heart muscle dogma" (Research News, 14 Oct., page 193), credit for a photograph was inadvertently omitted. John Oberpriller of the University of North Dakota graciously supplied the photograph of a newt ventricular myocyte dividing in culture.
Mixed-component layered tetravalent metal phosphonates/phosphates as precursors for microporous materials (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed-component layered tetravalent metal phosphonates/phosphates as precursors for microporous materialsM. B. Dines, R. E. Cooksey, P. C. Griffith, and R. H. LaneCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 6, 1003–1004Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00148a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00148a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stepwise Preparation of Linear π-Conjugated Bis(terpyridine)metal Polymer Chains at Gold Surface (2005)

Abstract Defect-free structures of a film composed of linear redox polymer chains were prepared using stepwise complexation of Fe(II) and/or Co(II/III) ions with azobenzene-bridged bis(tpy) (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) ligands, tpy–AB–tpy, on tpy-terminated SAM on gold. This method realizes a formation of desired number of polymer units (for example, 47-mer of Co(tpy)2) and a desired sequence of Co–Fe heterometal structures in the polymer chain (for example, 10-mer of Co(tpy)2 plus 5-mer of Fe(tpy)2).
Effect of Pt Addition on Melt-Processed YBaCuO Superconductors (1991)

Platinum addition in precursors of melt processing could produce finely dispersed Y 2 BaCuO 5 (211) inclusions of about 1 µm in YBa 2 Cu 3 O x matrix. This fine dispersion of 211 resembles that of quench-and-melt-grown materials. The platinum-added sample exhibited a critical current density exceeding 2×10 4 A/cm 2 at 77 K and 1 T. Platinum is considered to enhance the nucleation of 211 which forms by the pertitectic reaction between Y 2 O 3 and liquid phase.
Effects of aspergillus oryzae extract (amaferm) on ruminal fibrolytic bacteria and in vitro fiber degradation (1991)

The effect of Amaferm on growth of pure cultures of ruminal cellulose-digesting, hemicellulose- digesting and pectin-digesting bacteria was determined. The addition of Amaferm to the growth medium increased the growth of Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Amaferm had no effect on the growth of the other bacteria. Additionally, selective antimicrobial compounds were used to assess the influence of Amaferm on microbial contributions to in vitro fiber degradation. Amaferm appeared to stimulate fiber digestibility of only certain feedstuffs, and this increase in digestibility was attributed to its stimulation of bacterial activity. Amaferm did not appear to stimulate fungal activity.; Dairy Day, 1991, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1991;
Reversible Cobalt Ion Binding to Imidazole-Modified Nanopipettes (2010)

In this report, we demonstrate that quartz nanopipettes modified with an imidazole-terminated silane respond to metal ions (Co(2+)) in solution. The response of nanopipettes is evaluated through examination of the ion current rectification ratio. When nanopipettes are cycled between solutions of different pH, adsorbed Co(2+) can be released from the nanopipette surface, to regenerate binding sites of the nanopipette. These results demonstrate that rectification-based sensing strategies for nanopore sensors can benefit from selection of recognition elements with intermediate binding affinities, such that reversible responses can be attained.
Topology Discovery in Software Defined Networks: Threats, Taxonomy, and State-of-the-Art (2016)

The fundamental role of the software defined networks (SDNs) is to decouple the data plane from the control plane, thus providing a logically centralized visibility of the entire network to the controller. This enables the applications to innovate through network programmability. To establish a centralized visibility, a controller is required to discover a network topology of the entire SDN infrastructure. However, discovering a network topology is challenging due to: 1) the frequent migration of the virtual machines in the data centers; 2) lack of authentication mechanisms; 3) scarcity of the SDN standards; and 4) integration of security mechanisms for the topology discovery. To this end, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the topology discovery and the associated security implications in SDNs. This survey provides discussions related to the possible threats relevant to each layer of the SDN architecture, highlights the role of the topology discovery in the traditional network and SDN, presents a thematic taxonomy of topology discovery in SDN, and provides insights into the potential threats to the topology discovery along with its state-of-the-art solutions in SDN. Finally, this survey also presents future challenges and research directions in the field of SDN topology discovery.
Types and Frequencies of Sequencing Errors in Methyl-Filtered and High C0t Maize Genome Survey Sequences  (2004)

The Maize Genome Sequencing Consortium has deposited into GenBank more than 850,000 maize (Zea mays) genome survey sequences (GSSs) generated via two gene enrichment strategies, methylation filtration and high-C(0)t (HC) fractionation. These GSSs are a valuable resource for generating genome assemblies and the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms and nearly identical paralogs. Based on the rate of mismatches between 183 GSSs (105 methylation filtration + 78 HC) and 10 control genes, the rate of sequencing errors in these GSSs is 2.3 x 10(-3). As expected many of these errors were derived from insufficient vector trimming and base-calling errors. Surprisingly, however, some errors were due to cloning artifacts. These G.C to A.T transitions are restricted to HC clones; over 40% of HC clones contain at least one such artifact. Because it is not possible to distinguish the cloning artifacts from biologically relevant polymorphisms, HC sequences should be used with caution for the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms or paramorphisms. The average rate of sequencing errors was reduced 6-fold (to 3.6 x 10(-4)) by applying more stringent trimming parameters. This trimming resulted in the loss of only 11% of the bases (15,469/144,968). Due to redundancy among GSSs this more stringent trimming reduced coverage of promoters, exons, and introns by only 0%, 1%, and 4%, respectively. Hence, at the cost of a very modest loss of gene coverage, the quality of these maize GSSs can approach Bermuda standards, even prior to assembly.
From data divination to data-aware design (2012)

column Share on From data divination to data-aware design Author: Elizabeth F. Churchill ACM SIGCHI ACM SIGCHIView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 19Issue 5September + October 2012 pp 10–13https://doi.org/10.1145/2334184.2334188Online:01 September 2012Publication History 11citation629DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads629Last 12 Months197Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Towards Quantitative Catalytic Lignin Depolymerization (2011)

The products of base-catalyzed liquid-phase hydrolysis of lignin depend markedly on the operating conditions. By varying temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, and residence time, the yield of monomers and oligomers from depolymerized lignin can be adjusted. It is shown that monomers of phenolic derivatives are the only primary products of base-catalyzed hydrolysis and that oligomers form as secondary products. Oligomerization and polymerization of these highly reactive products, however, limit the amount of obtainable product oil containing low-molecular-weight phenolic products. Therefore, inhibition of concurrent oligomerization and polymerization reactions during hydrothermal lignin depolymerization is important to enhance product yields. Applying boric acid as a capping agent to suppress addition and condensation reactions of initially formed products is presented as a successful approach in this direction. Combination of base-catalyzed lignin hydrolysis with addition of boric acid protecting agent shifts the product distribution to lower molecular weight compounds and increases product yields beyond 85%.
J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 462–464 (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTJ. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 462–464Mario Branca and Isabella Soletta View Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy Istituto di Istruzione Superiore "G. Manno",07041 Alghero (Sassari), ItalyCite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 6, 934Publication Date (Web):June 1, 2007Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/ed084p934.3RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views574Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (38 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of triacylglycerol by lipase in phosphatidylcholine reverse micellar system (1984)

Abstract Triacylglycerols were synthesized from 1,2‐diacylglycerol and fatty acids by lipase entrapped in phosphatidylcholine reverse micelles in n‐hexane. In the reaction system without reverse micelles, however, 1,2‐diacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into 2‐monoacylglycerol and fatty acid, and triacylglycerol was not synthesized. The maximum activity of synthetic reaction was obtained at Wo=10 (Wo=mol water/mol surfactant), which was the water content of this reverse micellar system. Though the optimal pH of the R. delemar lipase reaction is about pH 5.6 in a bulk water system, the enzyme was active for triacylglycerol synthesis at pH's from 5 to 9 in the reverse micellar system. For the synthesis of triacylglycerols, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and arachidic acids were effectively used as the fatty acid substrate. 2‐Monoacylglycerol was also effective as a substrate of triacylglycerol synthesis. Furthermore, 1,2‐diacylglycerol could be replaced by several kinds of aliphatic alcohols as fatty acid acceptors in the reverse micellar system. In this case, those alcohols with chain length more than 4 carbons were effectively used for ester formation.
Iron and The Restless Legs Syndrome (1998)

These data are consistent with those from a prior unblinded study and suggest that RLS patients will have fewer symptoms if they have ferritin levels greater than 50 mcg/l.
Effect of Impurities on the Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Styrene (2005)

Abstract Summary: The effect of impurities on the coordination polymerization has generally been classified and discussed in different ways and has been investigated in detail in the syndiospecific homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene. With regard to impurities of styrene, phenylacetylene as an unpolar impurity containing separate multiple bonds, 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol and ω ‐hydroxyacetophenone as examples of polar impurities, and ethylbenzene as an other unpolar impurity have been investigated regarding the effect on the polymerization rate and the influence on the molecular properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes. In the syndiospecific copolymerization with p ‐methylstyrene, indene shows a different behavior regarding the decrease of the polymerization conversion depending on the comonomer concentrations present in the monomer mixture. Additionally, the effect of impurities of the catalyst system on the syndiospecific styrene polymerization has been demonstrated, particularly of octahydrofluorene as a component of the transition metal compound and of trimethylaluminium as a component of the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane. All results have been discussed with respect to the mechanisms of the effects on polymerization behavior and on polymer properties. Dependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/ p ‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min). magnified image Dependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/ p ‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min).
Securing Social Media User Data - An Adversarial Approach (2018)

Social media users generate tremendous amounts of data. To better serve users, it is required to share the user-related data among researchers, advertisers and application developers. Publishing such data would raise more concerns on user privacy. To encourage data sharing and mitigate user privacy concerns, a number of anonymization and de-anonymization algorithms have been developed to help protect privacy of social media users. In this work, we propose a new adversarial attack specialized for social media data. We further provide a principled way to assess effectiveness of anonymizing different aspects of social media data. Our work sheds light on new privacy risks in social media data due to innate heterogeneity of user-generated data which require striking balance between sharing user data and protecting user privacy.
Date of Easter (1903)

Journal Article Date of Easter Get access C. S. Ward C. S. Ward 1Wootton St. Lawrence, Basingstoke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-XI, Issue 265, 24 January 1903, Pages 67–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-XI.265.67i Published: 24 January 1903
Continuous Growth of High Purity InP/InGaAs on InP Substrate by Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1981)

Growth conditions and crystal properties for InP and InGaAs layers successively grown by vapor phase epitaxy are described. After InGaAs lattice-matched to a (100) InP substrate is deposited, InP is successively grown by using a sliding substrate holder and changing the growth temperature profile. Optimum growth conditions to reduce etch pit density and unwanted interface states at the heterointerface are discussed. Planar InP/InGaAs photodiodes fabricated from grown crystals have dark current density of 2.4×10 -5 A/cm 2 at -40 V. Carrier densities for InP and InGaAs are about 3.5×10 15 cm -3 , which is suitable for photodiodes with small capacitance.
Pressure Sensors: Selection and Application (2002)

This practical handbook provides the knowledge needed to specify and apply the best piezoresistive pressure sensors to interface with microprocessors and computers. Eliminating the details of semiconductor physics, it clarifies the three kinds of pressure measurement, explains silicon sensor design
Natural variation in the genes responsible for maturity loci E1, E2, E3 and E4 in soybean (2013)

The study advances understanding of the combined roles of the E1-E4 loci in flowering and geographic adaptation, and suggests the existence of unidentified genes for flowering in soybean.
ELECTRODE JELLY IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (1965)

In the early days of electrocardiography it was the recognized practice to place a patient's hands and left foot in three large saline pots. With the introduction of contact electrodes more than fifty years ago (James and Williams, 1910) and their later improvement by Cohn (1920), this ritual of partial immersion slowly gave way to swathing the limbs in bandages incorporating saline pads and malleable metal electrodes. Saline pads, however, brought new difficulties: bedclothes were liable to become moistened with saline in bedridden patients resulting in short-circuiting, and drying of the pads caused increasing skin resistance particularly during prolonged experimental observation. These disadvantages were overcome by Boas (1928) who dispensed with saline pads for the purpose of cardiotachometry. He found that two concave metal chest electrodes of one inch diameter filled with soft green soap as a contact material and tied to the chest by tapes gave consistently satisfactory tracings during three hours of continuous recording. Following this early demonstration that a simple contact medium, consisting of an almost neutral mixture of potassium oleate and glycerine, could give acceptable electrical recordings of the heart beat, it later became fashionable in electrocardiography to use an abrasive electrode jelly or paste rich in sodium chloride. Because of the inherent tendency for string galvanometer machines to "overshoot", Jenks and Graybiel (1935) devised a method for overcoming skin resistance and avoiding "overshoot" by concocting an electrode paste rich in sodium chloride and a pumice abrasive which effectively removed the superficial layers of the skin, thus greatly enhancing skin conductivity (Bell, Knox, and Small, 1939). Commercial electrode jellies and pastes consisting principally of sodium chloride and an abrasive soon became available, so that Russell (1935), using a string galvanometer machine, was able to recommend Cambridge electrode jelly for routine electrocardiography.
Transcriptional activity of ATF3 in the stromal compartment of tumors promotes cancer progression (2011)

Compelling evidences have rendered the tumor microenvironment a crucial determinant in cancer outcome. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress response transcription factor, is known to have a dichotomous role in tumor cells, acting either as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in a context-dependent manner. However, its expression and possible role in the tumor microenvironment are hitherto unknown. Here we show that ATF3 is upregulated in the stromal compartment of several types of cancer. Accordingly, Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ectopically expressing ATF3 proliferated faster as indicated by increased colony-forming capacity and promoted the growth of adjacent tumor cells when co-injected into nude mice. Utilizing a genome-wide profiling approach, we unraveled a robust gene expression program induced by ATF3 in CAFs. Focusing on a specific subset of genes, we found that the ability of stromal ATF3 to promote cancer progression is mediated by transcriptional repression of CLDN1 and induction of CXCL12 and RGS4. In addition, regulation of LIF, CLDN1, SERPINE2, HSD17B2, ITGA7 and PODXL by ATF3 mediated the increased proliferation capacity of CAFs. In sum, our findings implicate ATF3 as a novel stromal tumor promoter and suggest that targeting ATF3 pathway might be beneficial for anticancer therapy.
What is an object? (2010)

We present a generic objectness measure, quantifying how likely it is for an image window to contain an object of any class. We explicitly train it to distinguish objects with a well-defined boundary in space, such as cows and telephones, from amorphous background elements, such as grass and road. The measure combines in a Bayesian framework several image cues measuring characteristics of objects, such as appearing different from their surroundings and having a closed boundary. This includes an innovative cue measuring the closed boundary characteristic. In experiments on the challenging PASCAL VOC 07 dataset, we show this new cue to outperform a state-of-the-art saliency measure, and the combined measure to perform better than any cue alone. Finally, we show how to sample windows from an image according to their objectness distribution and give an algorithm to employ them as location priors for modern class-specific object detectors. In experiments on PASCAL VOC 07 we show this greatly reduces the number of windows evaluated by class-specific object detectors.