gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Valor nutritivo de la proteína de soya (2006)

Soy bean is the most abundant and valuable source of vegetal proteins since in addition to being of great quality, it counts on a suitable content of essential amino acids and represents important benefits for the health, among them is the capacity to reduce the cholesterol levels in the blood. Nevertheless, soy bean contains several biologically active substances that can interfere with the protein digestibility. For that reason is essential to apply a heat treatment during the processing of the grain, which allows a better use of this protein by the organism. By thousands of years, soy bean has served like one of the main protein sources in the diet of the Eastern cultures, can be found in a variety of traditional foods with this leguminous as they are: milk, tofu, green cream, germinated soy and tempeh; whereas in the rest of the world its history dates hardly from 100 years to the date. At the moment most of the production of soy bean is ground for the eatable oil obtaining, fat free paste for animal consumption and single a small part is processed to obtain protein product for the human feeding. Soy bean is a rich protein source that is used in the diet like ingredient or main product since it contributes an excellent nutritious value by its different functional properties in the nourishing systems, within which the foam emulsification, gel formation and the capacity of water retention are included. The processing of the grain plays an important role in the improvement or modification of the functional properties of its protein and therefore can help to practically extend its application in all the nourishing systems.
Tryptophan and hydrogen sulfide reaction from modified trypticase soy agar (1978)

The use of Trypticase soy agar modified by the addition of 0.05% ferric ammonium citrate and 0.01% sodium thiosulfate for the determination of indole, phenylpyruvic acid, anthranilate, kynurenine, and hydrogen sulfide reactions is described.
PRAC: Exploiting partial packets without cross-layer or feedback information (2014)

This paper proposes a partial packet recovery scheme, called Packetized Rateless Algebraic Consistency (PRAC). PRAC exploits intra and inter-packet consistency to identify and recover erroneous packet segments, without recourse to cross-layer or detailed feedback information. In the absence of cross-layer coordination or detailed feedback, the prevailing methods proposed in the literature have discarded packets with errors. PRAC uses a rateless linear packet code for data encoding and an iterative decoding process consisting of a search algorithm and an algebraic consistency rule (ACR) check. It allows, but not relies upon, the use of any PHY FEC code, requires no feedback other than a notification of completion and, in the absence of partial packets, incurs no overhead. Our implementation and experimental results in a 7-node indoor testbed using wireless boards equipped with CC2500 radio transceivers reveal that PRAC offers an average throughput gain of 35% compared to a baseline ARQ scheme discarding partial packets and 13% compared to an ideal genie-aided HARQ (iHARQ) scheme. Specifically for links with high PERs, PRAC significantly enhances their robustness and its maximum throughput gain is 148% and 34% compared against the baseline and iHARQ schemes, respectively.
MicroED with the Falcon III direct electron detector (2019)

Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) combines crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) into a method that is applicable to high-resolution structure determination. In MicroED, nanosized crystals, which are often intractable using other techniques, are probed by high-energy electrons in a transmission electron microscope. Diffraction data are recorded by a camera in movie mode: the nanocrystal is continuously rotated in the beam, thus creating a sequence of frames that constitute a movie with respect to the rotation angle. Until now, diffraction-optimized cameras have mostly been used for MicroED. Here, the use of a direct electron detector that was designed for imaging is reported. It is demonstrated that data can be collected more rapidly using the Falcon III for MicroED and with markedly lower exposure than has previously been reported. The Falcon III was operated at 40 frames per second and complete data sets reaching atomic resolution were recorded in minutes. The resulting density maps to 2.1 Å resolution of the serine protease proteinase K showed no visible signs of radiation damage. It is thus demonstrated that dedicated diffraction-optimized detectors are not required for MicroED, as shown by the fact that the very same cameras that are used for imaging applications in electron microscopy, such as single-particle cryo-EM, can also be used effectively for diffraction measurements.
Comparison of the characteristics of avian reoviruses isolated from the digestive and respiratory tract, with viruses isolated from the synovia. (1975)

Two-week-old gnotobiotic chicks were inoculated in the foot pad with viruses isolated from synovia and synovial membrane-WVU 1464-29H, WVU 1675, WVU 2937, WVU 2986, and WVU 71-212; from digestive tract-reoviruses 24, 25, and 59; or from respiratory tract-reovirus Fahey-Crawley (FC). All viruses induced swelling of the foot pad and inflammatory changes of synovial membrane. Serum from virus-infected chicks had a common agar gel precipitin (AGP) line. On the basis of the plaque-reduction test in primary chicken kidney (PCK) cells, the viruses were classified into 4 major serotypes. All viruses produced cytopathic effects (CPE) in primary chicken tissue cultures. Other than reovirus FC and WVU 1464-29H, all viruses produced CPE in the Vero cell line.
Fast simulation of ultrasound images (2002)

Realistic B-mode and flow images can be simulated with scattering maps based on optical, CT, or MR images or parametric flow models. The image simulation often includes using 200,000 to 1 million point scatterers. One image line typically takes 1800 seconds to compute on a state-of-the-art PC, and a whole image can take a full day. Simulating 3D images and 3D flow takes even more time. A 3D image of 64 by 64 lines can take 21 days, which is not practical for iterative work. This paper presents a new fast simulation method based on the Field II program. In imaging the same spatial impulse response is calculated for each of the image lines, and making 100 lines, thus, gives 100 calculations of the same impulse response delayed differently for the different lines. Doing the focusing after this point in the simulation can make the calculation faster. This corresponds to full synthetic aperture imaging. The received response from each element is calculated, when emitting with each of the elements in the aperture, and then the responses are subsequently focused. This is the approach taken in this paper using a modified version of the Field II program. A 64 element array, thus, gives 4096 responses. For a 7 MHz 64 element linear array the simulation time for one image line is 471 seconds for 200,000 scatterers on a 800 MHz AMD Athlon PC, corresponding to 17 hours for one image with 128 lines. Using the new approach, the computation time is 10,963 seconds, and the beamforming time is 9 seconds, which makes the approach 5.5 times faster. For 3D images with 64 by 64 lines, the total conventional simulation time for one volume is 517 hours, whereas the new approach makes the simulation in 6,810 seconds. The time for beamforming is 288 seconds, and the new approach is, thus, 262 times faster. The simulation can also be split among a number of PCs for speeding up the simulation. A full 3D one second volume simulation then takes 7,500 seconds on a 32 CPU 600 MHz Pentium III PC cluster.
Cold Exposure Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Growth and Instability via UCP1-Dependent Lipolysis (2013)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the cold-associated high cardiovascular risk remain unknown. Here, we show that the cold-triggered food-intake-independent lipolysis significantly increased plasma levels of small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) remnants, leading to accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. In two genetic mouse knockout models (apolipoprotein E(-/-) [ApoE(-/-)] and LDL receptor(-/-) [Ldlr(-/-)] mice), persistent cold exposure stimulated atherosclerotic plaque growth by increasing lipid deposition. Furthermore, marked increase of inflammatory cells and plaque-associated microvessels were detected in the cold-acclimated ApoE(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-) mice, leading to plaque instability. Deletion of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key mitochondrial protein involved in thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), in the ApoE(-/-) strain completely protected mice from the cold-induced atherosclerotic lesions. Cold acclimation markedly reduced plasma levels of adiponectin, and systemic delivery of adiponectin protected ApoE(-/-) mice from plaque development. These findings provide mechanistic insights on low-temperature-associated cardiovascular risks.
Computer Simulation of Cascade Filtration Procedures* (2015)

AbstractCascade filtration is one of several techniques for processing separated plasma in order to remove pathogenic protein fractions. This is accomplished by a secondary membrane filter arranged in series with a plasma separating device.To provide a re-infusable filtrate of appropriate protein composition it is possible to adjust the performance data of a given secondary membrane over a wide range by appropriately manipulating the operating conditions of the filter.Using mass transport equations and single-pool kinetics, a computer model was established for simulating the effect on patient’s plasma protein concentrations of different filtration protocols and membranes with different sieving characteristics. To the user, this model offers a possibility of optimizing therapeutic protocols, and to the membrane producer a way of extrapolating a given membrane’s laboratory performance profile to the approximate performance in the actual clinical situation.
Triode operation of a vacuum transistor (2002)

It is noted that, by recessing the gate below the emitter tip in a vacuum transistor, field emission can be initiated by the collector electrode and the current can be modulated by the gate electrode, similar to the classical thermionic triode. In this mode of operation, no gate current is obtained for negative and moderate positive gate voltages. To prove the principle of operation, a single-tip, single-crystal tungsten triode was fabricated and tested. The device, in the existing and in the micromachined version, can find applications in flat panel displays and in high-temperature pressure sensors. For the prototype device, pixel switching was obtained at a gate voltage change of 20 V, and for displacement/pressure applications a sensitivity of about 0.5 V/ mu m was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Economically-Principled Generative Model of AS Graph Connectivity (2009)

End-to-end packet delivery in the Internet is achieved through a system of interconnections between the network domains of independent entities called autonomous systems (ASes). Inter-domain connections are the result of a complex, dynamic process of negotiated business relationships between pairs of ASes. We present an economically-principled generative model for autonomous system graph connectivity. While there is already a large literature devoted to understanding Internet connectivity at the AS level, many of these models are either static or based on generalized stochastics.
Comparison of a radioimmunoassay and a microbiological assay for measurement of serum vancomycin concentrations (1980)

A newly developed radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of vancomycin in 137 specimens of serum from patients being treated with this antibiotic. Of these sera, 84 were also analyzed with a microbiological assay technique for vancomycin. Duplicate determinations were done with each of the techniques. Individual values and averaged values for both methods were used for statistical analyses. The correlation coefficients between all possible combinations of radioimmunoassay and microbiological assay results for the 84 sera were greater than or equal to 0.99 (P less than 0.01). Values for the regression coefficients of radioimmunoassay results on microbiological assay results ranged from 0.98 +/- 0.01 to 1.03 +/- 0.01. The mean percent deviation of radioimmunoassay versus microbiological assay results was -1.56 +/- 0.60. A one-way analysis of variance demonstrated that the use of different standard curves for each batch of specimens assayed by microbiological assay did not significantly influence the results (P = 0.07). The microbiological assay and the radioimmunoassay for measurement of serum vancomycin levels yielded essentially identical results.
Polyurethane Precursors (2011)

Abstract This article intends to provide a basic knowledge of polyurethanes (PUs) and their typologies, with particular reference to starting materials, both from a scientific and a commercial point of view. The possible types of PUs are described in short, together with their methods of production. Safety, ecological items, and recycling are considered as well. As a final point, the advantages of the use of PUs in composites production are highlighted, with an indication of the reinforced PU production processes.
Neuropilin-1 and lung cancer progression: Potential role of targeting neuropilin-1 as an anti-tumor strategy (2006)

1632 Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF165) and semaphorins that expressed in endothelial cells and various cancer cells. We previously identified by microarray that NRP1 expression is correlated with the invasive ability in lung cancer cells. This study we investigate the molecular mechanisms of NRP1 signaling in lung cancer progression and potential therapeutic implications. The expressions of NRP1 mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor specimens were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and correlated with disease-free survivals and overall survivals of the patients. A cyclic 7-mer phage display peptide library was screened for NRP1-binding peptides using soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) as the bait, and examined their binding affinity by surface plasmon resonance. The role of NRP1 in lung cancer cells invasion, angiogenesis and signaling were characterized by either stimulation with VEGF165 or inhibition of NRP1 activities by specific siRNAs, sNRP1 and NRP1-binding peptides. The signaling pathway of NRP1 in lung cancer cells was investigated by Western blotting of several secondary messengers phosphorylation. The expressions of NRP1 mRNA in tumor specimens are negatively correlated with the overall and disease-free survivals in 65 NSCLC patients. The NRP1 signalings induced by VEGF165 in lung cancer cells are involved VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation, activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and Akt phosphorylation. The down-regulation of NRP1 by siRNA and sNRP1 suppresses these signalings and leads to the suppression of invasion ability and filopodia formation. Phage display identified small peptides with the consensus sequences of RRXR that had anti-NRP1 activity. Two selected peptides DG1 and DG2 targeting to NRP1 were synthesized that can suppress the NRP1 downstream signaling, invasion ability, filopodia formation and tumor angiogenesis. Our findings indicate that NRP1 plays a crucial role in lung cancer progression. The NRP1 signaling induced by VEGF is mediated through a pathway involving VEGFR2 phosphorylation and activation of PI3K and Akt kinase. The NRP1-binding peptides that can suppress VEGF/NRP1/VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt signaling and cancer cell invasion as well as angiogenesis may have therapeutic potential.
A 4Mb conductive-bridge resistive memory with 2.3GB/s read-throughput and 216MB/s program-throughput (2011)

The growing demand for higher performance in the storage and access of data in various consumer electronic and computing devices has driven the development of nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies. The promising candidates for future NVM such as FeRAM and PCM have demonstrated shorter access time, faster programming and wide read/write bandwidth in the chip and the memory macro. Resistive memory (ReRAM) is also one of alternative NVMs, because of its low operating voltage, high speed and good scalability. Several types of ReRAM characteristics have been investigated on memory array. However, most are limited in terms of memory array performance because of not having suitable read/write circuit for ReRAM. In this work, we present a 4Mb conductive bridge ReRAM test macro realizing 2.3GB/S read-throughput, 216MB/S program-throughput and robust reliability results by using read/write fully functional device technology with direct sense in programming (DSIP) method.
A fps gene without gag gene sequences transforms cells in culture and induces tumors in chickens (1983)

From molecularly cloned DNAs of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and the Schmidt-Ruppin-A strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SRA), viral DNA was constructed in which fps-specific sequences encoded in FSV replaced the src gene of SRA. A 3' fragment of FSV DNA, from an ATG methionine coding sequence 148 base pairs downstream from the gag-fps junction through the long terminal repeat, was joined to cloned SRA DNA at the translation start site for the src gene. The resultant DNA clone contained the splice acceptor site for src mRNA processing in SRA, but contained no src coding sequences from SRA nor any gag sequences from FSV. All genes for the replication of SRA were retained. Transfection of this cloned viral DNA genome into chicken embryo fibroblasts induced morphological transformation of the cells in culture. However, the morphology of the transformed cells was distinct from that observed in cells infected with wild-type FSV. The transformed cells produced a nondefective transforming virus called F36 which contained a hybrid FSV-SRA long terminal repeat. F36-infected cells produced a protein with the expected molecular weight of 91,000, which had an associated protein kinase activity and was immunoprecipitated by antibodies raised against fps gene determinants but not by antibodies raised against gag or src proteins. Injection of F36 virus into 8-day-old chicks produced tumors at the site of inoculation, detectable within 7 days. These results demonstrated that the gag portion of the gag-fps fusion protein of FSV is not required for transformation or tumorigenesis.
The Cost Effectiveness of Educating Limited Resource Youths on Food and Nutrition (2013)

A framework for estimating cost effectiveness of the youth Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), one of the largest nutrition education programs in the US, is developed. Using costs and effects data from 15 program counties in Virginia for the school year 2011/2012, the cost effectiveness ratio (CER) of the Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids (HWHK) program was estimated. Improvements in nutrition related behavior, and improvements in nutrition related self-efficacy, from pretest to posttest, were considered as two indicators of program effects. Direct costs associated with the provision of the HWHK program were considered program costs. The total cost of the program was estimated to be $134,333 for one year. Among 1,864 participants, 1,786 improved in behavior indicators and 1,782 improved in self-efficacy indicators. The estimated CER is about $75 per improvement for each outcome indicator. Cross county comparisons reveal a wide variation in CER estimates across counties. The results from this study provide the first piece of information on the CER for youth EFNEP which quantify the effects of investment on youth EFNEP program in Virginia in achieving the stated program objectives.
Chloroperoxidase (1970)

Abstract The substrates for chloroperoxidase can be divided into three groups. Group 1 substrates react with chloroperoxidase in the presence of peroxide and a halogen anion (chloride, bromide, or iodide) to form stable halogenated products. Group 2 substrates are oxidized in a halogen anion-dependent reaction. The pH optima for the reactions of chloroperoxidase with both Groups 1 and 2 substrates are below 4. Group 3 substrates are oxidized in the absence of a halogen anion. This category includes classical peroxidase substrates such as guaiacol, pyrogallol, and leucomalachite green. The pH optima for Group 3 reactions extend over a broad range from pH 4 to 7, depending on the particular substrate being tested. Chloroperoxidase also catalyzes reactions previously thought to be peculiar to catalase. In the absence of donors, chloroperoxidase reacts catalatically with hydrogen peroxide to form oxygen. At pH 4.5, the second order rate constant for this reaction is 2 x 105 m-1 sec-1. Although this represents only about 2% of the rate observed with catalases, it is several hundred times more effective than horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme also oxidizes ethanol to form acetaldehyde, a reaction not catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. Evidently the four-subunit structure of catalase is not required for these activities since chloroperoxidase exists as a monomeric protein with one heme group per molecule. Chloroperoxidase also has the ability to form oxygen from ethyl hydrogen peroxide and from m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Neither catalase nor horseradish peroxidase will catalyze these reactions. By analogy with organic mechanisms for the decomposition of peracids, these results indicate that Compound I of chloroperoxidase may contain a reactive oxygen atom.
Treatment of intracoronary thrombus with local urokinase infusion using a new, site‐specific drug delivery system: The Dispatch™ catheter (1994)

The local drug-delivery catheter used in this study was able to successfully and rapidly achieve intracoronary thrombolysis by delivering limited quantities of urokinase directly to the angioplasty site, while still maintaining distal coronary perfusion. This technique of local, thrombolytic drug delivery may be useful in the percutaneous treatment of intracoronary thrombus and thrombus-containing stenoses.
A stimulus-responsive, in situ-forming, nanoparticle-laden hydrogel for ocular drug delivery (2018)

Most medications targeting optic neuropathies are administered as eye drops. However, their corneal penetration efficiencies are typically < 5%. There is a clear, unmet need for novel transcorneal drug delivery vehicles. To this end, we have developed a stimulus-responsive, in situ-forming, nanoparticle-laden hydrogel for controlled release of poorly bioavailable drugs into the aqueous humor of the eye. The hydrogel is formulated as a composite of hyaluronic acid (HA) and methylcellulose (MC). The amphiphilic nanoparticles are composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Experimental design aided the identification of hydrogel composition and nanoparticle content in the formulation, and the formulation reliably switched between thixotropy and temperature-dependent rheopexy when it was tested in a rheometer under conditions that simulate the ocular surface, including blinking. These properties should ensure that the formulation coats the cornea through blinking of the eyelid and facilitate application of the medication as an eye drop immediately prior to the patient's bedtime. We subsequently tested the efficacy of our formulation in whole-eye experiments by loading the nanoparticles with cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Our formulation exhibits over a 300% increase in transcorneal penetration over control formulations. This work paves the way for the introduction of novel products targeting ocular diseases to the market.