gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptor Modulation and Expression in the Spinal Cord of Two Mouse Models of Restless Legs Syndrome (2018)

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is often and successfully treated with dopamine receptor agonists that target the inhibitory D3 receptor subtype, however there is no clinical evidence of a D3 receptor dysfunction in RLS patients. In contrast, genome-wide association studies in RLS patients have established that a mutation of the <i>MEIS1</i> gene is associated with an increased risk in developing RLS, but the effect of <i>MEIS1</i> dysfunction on sensorimotor function remain unknown. Mouse models for a dysfunctional D3 receptor (D3KO) and Meis1 (Meis1KO) were developed independently, and each animal expresses some features associated with RLS in the clinic, but they have not been compared in their responsiveness to treatment options used in the clinic. We here confirm that D3KO and Meis1KO animals show increased locomotor activities, but that only D3KO show an increased sensory excitability to thermal stimuli. Next we compared the effects of dopaminergics and opioids in both animal models, and we assessed D1 and D3 dopamine receptor expression in the spinal cord, the gateway for sensorimotor processing. We found that Meis1KO share most of the tested behavioral properties with their wild type (WT) controls, including the modulation of the thermal pain withdrawal reflex by morphine, L-DOPA and D3 receptor (D3R) agonists and antagonists. However, Meis1KO and D3KO were behaviorally more similar to each other than to WT when tested with D1 receptor (D1R) agonists and antagonists. Subsequent Western blot analyses of D1R and D3R protein expression in the spinal cord revealed a significant increase in D1R but not D3R expression in Meis1KO and D3KO over WT controls. As the D3R is mostly present in the dorsal spinal cord where it has been shown to modulate sensory pathways, while activation of the D1Rs can activate motoneurons in the ventral spinal cord, we speculate that D3KO and Meis1KO represent two complementary animal models for RLS, in which the mechanisms of sensory (D3R-mediated) and motor (D1R-mediated) dysfunctions can be differentially explored.
Stochastic and deterministic networks for texture segmentation (1990)

Several texture segmentation algorithms based on deterministic and stochastic relaxation principles, and their implementation on parallel networks, are described. The segmentation process is posed as an optimization problem and two different optimality criteria are considered. The first criterion involves maximizing the posterior distribution of the intensity field given the label field (maximum a posteriori estimate). The posterior distribution of the texture labels is derived by modeling the textures as Gauss Markov random fields (GMRFs) and characterizing the distribution of different texture labels by a discrete multilevel Markov model. A stochastic learning algorithm is proposed. This iterated hill-climbing algorithm combines fast convergence of deterministic relaxation with the sustained exploration of the stochastic algorithms, but is guaranteed to find only a local minimum. The second optimality criterion requires minimizing the expected percentage of misclassification per pixel by maximizing the posterior marginal distribution, and the maximum posterior marginal algorithm is used to obtain the corresponding solution. All these methods implemented on parallel networks can be easily extended for hierarchical segmentation; results of the various schemes in classifying some real textured images are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generalized simplified variable-scaled min sum LDPC decoder for irregular LDPC codes (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity scaling strategy of min-sum decoding algorithm for irregular LDPC codes. In the proposed method, we generalize our previously proposed simplified Variable Scaled Min-Sum (SVS-min-sum) by replacing the sub-optimal starting value and heuristic update for the scaling factor sequence by optimized values. Density evolution and Nelder-Mead optimization are used offline, prior to the decoding, to obtain the optimal starting point and per iteration updating step size for the scaling factor sequence of the proposed scaling strategy. The optimization of these parameters proves to be of noticeable positive impact on the decoding performance. We used different DVB-T2 LDPC codes in our simulation. Simulation results show the superior performance (in both WER and latency) of the proposed algorithm to other Min-Sum based algorithms. In addition to that, generalized SVS-min-sum algorithm has very close performance to LLR-SPA with much lower complexity.
Calibration of a PEM detector with depth of interaction measurement (2004)

We present an in situ calibration technique for the LBNL positron emission mammography (PEM) detector module that is capable of measuring depth of interaction (DOI). The detector module consists of 64 LSO crystals coupled on one end to a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) and on the opposite end to a 64 pixel array of silicon photodiodes (PD). The PMT provides an accurate timing pulse, the PDs identify the crystal of interaction, the sum provides a total energy signal and the /spl Gamma/=PD/(PD+PMT) ratio determines the depth of interaction. We calibrate using the /sup 176/Lu natural background radiation of the LSO crystals. We determine the relative gain (K) of the PMT and PD by minimizing the asymmetry of the /spl Gamma/ distribution. We determine the depth dependence from the width of the /spl Gamma/ distribution with optimal K. The performance of calibrated detector modules is evaluated by averaging results from 12 modules. The energy resolution is a function of depth ranging from 24% FWHM at the PD end to 51% FWHM at the PMT end, and the DOI resolution ranges from 6 mm FWHM at the PD end to 11 mm FWHM at the PMT end.
J2ME in a nutshell (2002)

J2ME in a Nutshell provides a solid, no-nonsense reference to the alphabet soup of micro edition programming, covering the CLDC, CDC, KVM and MIDP APIs. The book also includes tutorials for the CLDC, KVM, MIDP and MIDlets, MIDlet user interfaces, networking and storage, and advice on programming small handhelds. Combined with OReillys classic quick reference to all the core micro-edition APIs, this is the one book that will take you from curiosity to code with no frustrating frills in between.
Controlled study of the association of smoking with lactobacilli, mutans streptococci and yeasts in saliva (1996)

The effect of smoking on salivary microbe levels was studied in 780 subjects by multivariate analysis, taking into account some confounding factors. Lactobacilli, mutans streptococci and yeasts were detected with Dentocult-LB, Dentocult-SM and Oricult-N tests. The explanatory variables considered were gender, presence of natural teeth, presence of removable denture, presence of decayed teeth, toothbrushing frequency, use of sugar in coffee or tea, consumption frequency of sugary products, secretion rate of stimulated and unstimulated saliva, buffering capacity of saliva, pH of saliva, oral hygiene and tobacco smoking habits. Smoking was strongly associated with higher lactobacilli counts and presence of yeasts, independently of oral status, hygiene or salivary factors. The relation between smoking and mutans streptococci was weaker. The overall associations of lactobacilli and yeasts with the study variables followed a very similar pattern.
1Gbit High Density Embedded STT-MRAM in 28nm FDSOI Technology (2019)

High density 1Gb embedded STT-MRAM in 28nm FDSOI technology was successfully demonstrated. Based on the highly reliable and manufacturable eMRAM technology, high yield over 90% was achieved at the operating temperature from −40°c to 105°c with satisfying read, write function and 10 years retention at 105°c. These results are mainly attributed to the advanced process for better control of MTJ CD, highly manufacturable process window and robust circuit design for high density chip. MTJ properties can be systematically adjusted by tailoring the MTJ stack and MTJ module process. Improved endurance up to 1E10 cycles was achieved to broaden eMRAM applications to eDRAM replacement.
Lipopeptidic surfactants. II. Acidic and basic Nα‐lauroyl‐L‐arginine dipeptides from pure amino acids (1992)

In this paper, the second part of a systematic study whose aim deals with the influence of the terminal amino acid side chain on the properties of Nα‐lauroyl arginyl dipeptides is reported. Nα‐lauroyl arginyl dipeptides that contain an acidic amino acid (glutamic acid) or a basic amino acid (lysine) as terminal amino acid have been prepared by peptide synthesis methods. These compounds have been synthesized as methyl esters (cationic surfactants) and free α‐carboxylic acids (amphoteric surfactants), and their fundamental surfactant properties and antimicrobial activity have been evaluated. The properties of these compounds have been compared to the properties of the cationic monomer derivative methyl ester of Nα‐lauroyl arginine and of the amphoteric monomer derivative Nα‐lauroyl arginine reported earlier. The compounds are soluble in water and show surface activity, although in the case of the amphoteric Nα‐lauroyl arginyl dipeptide containing glutamic acid these two properties depend on the solution pH. The cationic Nα‐lauroyl arginyl dipeptides are antimicrobial agents. However, only the amphoteric compound containing lysine may be considered antimicrobial.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and skin regenerative properties of an Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander leaves (NAE-8&reg;) (2015)

NAE-8(®), a novel component of a commercial cosmetic product, showed beneficial antioxidant protection in several cellular models, without the induction of leukocyte activation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The biological efficacy of NAE-8(®) was unique from both ALOE and AQ-NOE.
Electrical Properties of Multilayers (1939)

This paper presents certain results on the electrical properties of multilayers of stearic acid and various stearates plated on insulating materials. The experimental data lead to the conclusion that the electrical charges of these multilayers arise from the adsorption of ions from the substrate on the carboxyl groups of the floating stearate monolayer. With a calcium-bearing substrate, for example, the first stage in the process is a conversion of stearic acid to calcium stearate and this reaction is a function of the substrate pH and consequently of the degree of ionization of stearic acid. The next stage is represented by an adsorption of calcium ions on the carboxyl groups of the calcium stearate which are carried along with the monolayer in the plating process. The electric charges of X-multilayers thus arise from volume distributions of positive adsorbed ions. The positive ions adsorbed on the floating monolayer induce a cloud of negative ions in their neighborhood which, under certain conditions such as dependence on size and valency of the negative ions, may lead to electrically neutral and wetted films. With certain types of mixed films, i.e., where the percentage of stearic acid present is appreciable, the rate at which the plating process is carried out becomes an important factor in determining whether X- or Y-type films can be built up, and for these cases fast dipping and withdrawal speeds can neutralize an existing multilayer charge. In plating X-multilayers it has been observed that after about 500 layers have been deposited, and the electrostatic repulsive field of the multilayer has thus reached a certain value, the upper portion of the submerged probe has a silvery appearance which gradually moves down the probe with increasing number of dips, and film does not adhere to the multilayer over this portion. This electrostatic repulsive field thus sets a limit to the thickness of X-multilayers on insulators. Under certain conditions the outer layer of multilayers dipped in film-free solutions overturns and adsorbs ions from the solution, resulting, in some cases, in wetted films and, in others, in an electrical charging of the multilayers.
Photoelectrochemical Liftoff of Patterned Sapphire Substrate for Fabricating Vertical Light-Emitting Diode (2012)

A low-cost large-area effective sapphire substrate liftoff method based on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching technique is demonstrated. By preparing patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) with 1-D periodic grooves and an epitaxial structure with the grooves preserved to form tunnels, PEC electrolyte can flow along the tunnels to etch the bottom of the GaN layer for separating the PSS from the wafer-bonded epitaxial layer. Assisted by the device isolation procedure, the PSS liftoff of a quarter-wafer sample can be completed in 8 min. After a smoothing process of the exposed N-face surface after liftoff, a vertical light-emitting diode (LED) is fabricated for comparing its characteristics with those of a conventional LED.
Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine H3N8 influenza A viruses (1996)

Evolution of equine influenza a H3N8 viruses was examined by antigenic and genetic analysis of a collection isolates from around the world. It was noted that antigenic and genetic variants of equine H3N8 viruses cocirculate, and in particular that variants currently circulating in Europe and the USA are distinguishable from one another both in terms of antigenic reactivity and genetic structure of the HA1 portion of the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule. Whilst the divergent evolution of American and European isolates may be due to geographical isolation of the two gene pools, some mixing is believed to occur as 'American-like' viruses have been isolated during outbreaks of equine influenza in the UK. The cocirculation of two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of equine influenza H3N8 viruses has serious implications for vaccine strain selection.
The Spindle Assembly and Spindle Position Checkpoints (2003)

The mitotic spindle segregates chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell in preparation for cell division. Chromosome attachment to the spindle is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint, and at least in yeast cells, penetration of one spindle pole into the bud is monitored by the spindle position checkpoint. We review the historical origins of these checkpoints and recent progress in understanding their surveillance pathways. We also highlight fascinating but as yet unresolved questions, and examine crosstalk between the checkpoints.
Rat Testin is a Newly Identified Component of the Junctional Complexes in Various Tissues whose mRNA is Predominantly Expressed in the Testis and Ovary1 (1995)

Testin I and testin II are the two molecular variants of testin that are synthesized and secreted by Sertoli cells in vitro. N-Terminal and partial internal amino acid sequence analysis of testin I and testin II reveals that these molecules are identical with the exception that testin II has three extra N-terminal amino acids of TAP compared to testin I. Studies using immunohistochemistry suggested that testin is a component of the specialized junctional complexes in the seminiferous epithelium and other tissues. Immunoreactive testin is localized not only at Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell junctions, but also at sites of similar junctions in the liver, epididymis, kidney, and intestine. Other physiological studies have shown that the secretion of testin is tightly coupled to the presence of germ cells. In view of its possible role in germ cell development and its unique localization in the cell junction, the purpose of the present study was to determine the structure of testin by sequencing its full-length cDNA. Two synthetic degenerate oligonucleotides based on the N-terminal and an internal amino acid sequence were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a 289-bp cDNA fragment. This PCR product was subsequently used to isolate a 1371-bp cDNA from a cDNA expression library constructed from Sertoli cell poly(A) RNA. This cDNA coded for a 333 amino acid peptide that starts with an ATG initiation codon from the 5' end and ends with a TGA termination codon located 245 nucleotides before the polyadenylation site. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that testin contains a 16 amino acid signal peptide with two possible cleavage sites that yield 314 and 317 amino acids for testin I and testin II with calculated molecular weights of 36,029 and 36,299, respectively. Comparison of the entire coding region of testin with existing sequences at Genbank, EMBL, and Protein Identification Resource indicates that testin shares 58%, 57.4%, and 61% identity with rat, mouse, and human cathepsin L at the amino acid level, respectively. The positions of all of the 7 Cys residues and 8 of the 10 Trp residues in testin are conserved with respect to those present in cathepsin L. It is noted that Cys-122 in the predicted active site of cathepsin L was replaced with Ser-122 in testin. In view of the striking primary sequence homology between testin and cathepsin L, we assayed the proteolytic activity of testin using conditions known to activate cathepsin L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Isolation of Human <scp>NK</scp> Cells and Generation of <scp>LAK</scp> Activity (1996)

This unit describes the preparation of natural killer (NK) cells from normal human peripheral blood and their incubation in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to yield lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. A protocol is presented for isolating highly purified NK cell populations from PBMC, and another method presents steps for generating LAK cells from these purified NK cells via IL-2 stimulation. An alternate protocol describes the generation of LAK cells directly from whole, unseparated PBMC preparations instead of purified NK populations. The caveat with the alternate protocol is that LAK activity generated in this manner represents the total cytotoxic potential of all LAK precursor cells--i.e., all those PBMC that are capable of responding to IL-2 by up-regulation of cytotoxicity against NK-resistant targets. In PBMC, LAK precursor cells are found among subpopulations of both NK cells and T lymphocytes.
Human interferons protect plants from virus infection. (1982)

Unfractionated human leukocyte interferon, as well as highly purified subspecies of this interferon, and a purified recombinant of human leukocyte interferon produced in bacteria are active in suppressing multiplicability of tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco leaf discs. Human fibroblast interferon exhibits diverse levels of antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus but becomes as active as human leukocyte interferon upon incubation with glycosidases. The effect of interferon is reversible; normal multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus resumes upon removal of interferon.
Activation of DNA Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds by Metal Complexes (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTActivation of DNA Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds by Metal ComplexesMarguerite Piti醠and Geneviève Pratviel*‡View Author Information CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†CNRS.‡Université de Toulouse.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 2, 1018–1059Publication Date (Web):January 25, 2010Publication History Received11 July 2009Published online25 January 2010Published inissue 10 February 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900247mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900247mreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5456Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Metals,Nucleic acid structure,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Predicting Particle Size Distribution in Nanofluid Synthesis (2017)

Wet chemistry approaches have been widely used to synthesize nanoparticle suspensions with different size and shape. Controlling particle size is crucial for tailoring the properties of the nanofluid. In this study, we simulated the particle size growth during a thermal-chemical nanofluid synthesis routine. The simulation was based on the population balance model for aggregation kinetics, which is coupled with thermal decomposition, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics. The simulation result revealed a typical burst nucleation mechanism towards self-assembly of supersaturated monomers in the nanoparticle formation process and the shift from monodispersed particles to polydispersed particles by the particle-particle coagulation.
Detection of Caries and Composite Resin Restorations by Near-Infrared Raman Spectroscopy (1997)

Near-infrared Raman spectra of sound tooth substance show characteristic bands of its main components hydroxyapatite and collagen, and they are virtually free of luminescence. Spectra of carious tooth substance exhibit, in addition to the Raman bands, broadband luminescence with an intensity similar to that of the Raman scattering. It is assumed that this luminescence is due to microbiological products. Raman spectra of tooth-colored composite resin restorations differ considerably from those of natural tooth substances and can therefore be used for spectroscopic detection of such restorations.
Targeting signal of the peroxisomal catalase in the methylotrophic yeast<i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> (1992)

The methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, harbours a unique catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), which is essential for growth on methanol as a carbon source and is located in peroxisomes. Its corresponding gene has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The deduced amino acid sequence displayed the tripeptide serine-lysine-isoleucine at the extreme C-terminus, which is similar to sequences of other peroxisomal targeting signals. Exchange of the ultimate amino acid, isoleucine, of catalase for serine revealed a cytosolic enzyme activity and a concomitant loss of peroxisome function. We concluded that the tripeptide is essential for targeting of catalase in H. polymorpha.
Key Management for Encrypted Data Storage in Distributed Systems (2005)

Confidential data stored on mass storage devices is at risk to be disclosed to persons getting physical or administrator access to the device. Encrypting the data reduces this risk, at the cost of more cumbersome administration. In this publication, we examine the problem of encrypted data storage in a grid computing environment, where storage capacity and data is shared across organizational boundaries. We propose an architecture that allows users to store and share encrypted data in this environment. Access to decryption keys is granted based on the grids data access permissions. The system is therefore usable as an additional security feature together with a classical access control mechanism. Data owners can choose different tradeoffs of security versus efficiency. Storage servers need not to be trusted and common access control models are supported.