gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-12 Promotes the Proliferation and Cytolytic Maturation of Immune Effectors (1993)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a B-cell and monocyte-derived 75 kDa heterodimeric cytokine released early after immune stimulation. It promotes the cytolytic maturation and proliferation of T and natural killer (NK) cells and release of interferon-gamma from these effectors. Furthermore, IL-12 appears to stimulate the production of a Th1 immune response. We have examined the effects of IL-12 on the proliferation and lytic activity of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). IL-12 stimulates proliferation of PBMCs by as much as 10-fold after T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation induced by anti-CD3 or phytohemagglutinin. In contrast, IL-12 promotes only marginal proliferation of resting PBMCs. IL-12 modulates IL-2-induced lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity: it inhibits IL-2 LAK when added early to culture but augments LAK activity in PBMCs preactivated by IL-12. IL-12 induces the proliferation (three- to fourfold above background) and enhances the cytolytic activity (two- to fourfold) of TIL lines and melanoma-derived, peptide-specific T-cell clones that have been recently restimulated with autologous tumor. These results suggest that IL-12 may serve in vivo to amplify and focus the cellular immune response by selectively inducing the outgrowth and enhancing the lytic potential of T and NK cells that have received the proper coactivation signals.
Averaging and recording of digital deep-level transient spectroscopy transient signals (1998)

A new approach to the signal processing in digital deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) systems is introduced. The problems of signal recovery from noise and efficient data storage are addressed separately from the transient signal analysis. As a result of this approach, an improved digital averaging scheme for DLTS signal recovery from noise and transient data storage is proposed. We have shown that the combined action of two complementary digital averaging techniques can improve the DLTS digital signal processing. Pseudologarithmic time averaging is efficient in reducing the number of processed data points and improving the signal-to-noise ratio for the high frequency noise components and in the transient tail. We demonstrate that the normalized errors in the magnitude measurements introduced by this type of averaging remain below 1% for pure logarithmic and below 0.1% provided that the logarithmic averaging intervals are further divided into five or more equal parts. Continuous time averaging is well suited for improving overall signal-to-noise ratio, for continuous display and processing of data, and it is more efficient in using the computer resources. The described combination of hardware and software tools for the implementation of these techniques supplies continuously fresh data and does not require any synchronization with the main computer program. Compared to other digital DLTS systems, this new approach offers an improved short delay time resolution, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and more efficient data storage. At the same time it offers real-time observation of essentially noise-free transients and, like analog systems, a real-time display of the DLTS scan. The real-time display means that the displayed transient and DLTS scan can be updated on the computer screen after each pulse even for a very large number of averaged pulses, and the result can be predicted well before the acquisition process reaches this number. The proposed techniques allow one to combine the powerful transient analysis of the digital DLTS methods with the sensitivity and the convenience of the analog methods. The described averaging and data reduction techniques are intended primarily for DLTS data processing, but the same principles can be useful for many other physical experiments involving transient data analysis.
Optimizing deposition parameters of electron beam evaporated TiO_2 films (1988)

A study of the major deposition parameters including source material, oxygen partial pressure, substrate temperature, and deposition rate affecting the optical quality of electron beam evaporated TiO(2) films is presented. After careful optimization of these parameters it is possible to reproducibly deposit TiO(2) films from TiO(2) source material mixed with 5% CeO(2) at an oxygen partial pressure of 5 x 10(-5) Torr, a substrate temperature of 320 degrees C, and a deposition rate of 2 A/s.
Remote browsing of JPEG2000 images (2003)

JPEG2000 is a highly scalable compression standard, allowing access to image representations with a reduced resolution, a reduced quality or confined to a spatial region of interest. As such, it is well placed to play an important role in interactive imaging applications. However, the standard itself stops short of providing guidance or specific mechanisms for exploiting its scalability in such applications. We describe the JPIK (JPEG2000 interactive with Kakadu) protocol for interactive imaging with JPEG2000. Our results suggest, somewhat surprisingly, that image tiling (dividing into independently compressed sub-images), can be detrimental to effective browsing of large compressed images over low bandwidth connections.
Prepotent Response Inhibition and Interference Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Two Meta‐Analyses (2014)

There is a substantial amount of data providing evidence for, but also against the hypothesis that individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter inhibitory control deficits. ASD is often associated with interference control deficits rather than prepotent response inhibition. Moreover, the developmental trajectory for these inhibitory control processes is hypothesized to differ in ASD as compared to typical development. In efforts to gain a more comprehensive perspective of inhibition in ASD, separate quantitative analysis for prepotent response inhibition studies and interference control studies were conducted. Together, these two meta-analyses included 41 studies with a combined sample size of 1,091 people with ASD (M age 14.8 years), and 1,306 typically developing (TD) controls (M age 13.8 years).The meta-analyses indicated that individuals with ASD show increased difficulties in prepotent response inhibition (effect size 0.55) and in interference control (effect size 0.31). In addition, age was a relevant moderator for prepotent response inhibition but not for interference control. Exploratory analyses revealed that when IQ was taken into account, heterogeneity considerably decreased among interference control studies but not among prepotent response inhibition. In contrast to the general belief, both prepotent response inhibition and interference control problems were observed in individuals with ASD. However, a large variation between studies was also found. Therefore, there remain factors beyond inhibition type, age, or IQ that significantly influence inhibitory control performance among individuals with ASD.
Temporally and spatially regulated somatic mutagenesis in mice (1998)

In mice transgenesis through oocyte injection or DNA recombination in embryonal stem (ES) cells allows mutations to be introduced into the germline. However, the earliest phenotype of the introduced mutation can eclipse later effects. We show in mice that site-specific genomic recombination can be induced in a selected cell type, B lymphocytes, at a chosen time. This precision of somatic mutagenesis was accomplished by limiting expression of a Cre recombinase-estrogen receptor fusion protein to B lymphocytes by use of tissue-specific elements in the promoter of the transgene employed. The expressed fusion protein remained inactive until derepressed by systemic administration of an exogenous ligand for the estrogen receptor, 4-OH-tamoxifen. Upon derepression the Cre recombinase enzyme deleted specific DNA segments, flanked by loxP sites, in B lymphocytes only. The efficiency of recombination in cells expressing the fusion protein could be varied from low levels to >80%, depending on the dose of ligand administered. Our work presents a paradigm applicable to other uses of site-specific recombination in somatic mutagenesis where both temporal and spatial regulation are desired.
Goppa codes (1973)

Goppa described a new class of linear noncyclic error-correcting codes in [1] and [2]. This paper is a summary of Goppa's work, which is not yet available in English. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">^1</tex> We prove the four most important properties of Goppa codes. 1) There exist <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> -ary Goppa codes with lengths and redundancies comparable to BCH codes. For the same redundancy, the Goppa code is typically one digit longer. 2) All Goppa codes have an algebraic decoding algorithm which will correct up to a certain number of errors, comparable to half the designed distance of BCH codes. 3) For binary Goppa codes, the algebraic decoding algorithm assumes a special form. 4) Unlike primitive BCH codes, which are known to have actual distances asymptotically equal to their designed distances, long Goppa codes have actual minimum distances much greater than twice the number of errors, which are guaranteed to be correctable by the algebraic decoding algorithm. In fact, long irreducible Goppa codes asymptotically meet the Gilbert bound.
Optical extension at the 193-nm wavelength (1999)

Lithography at 193nm is the first optical lithography technique that will be introduced for manufacturing of technology levels. where the required dimensions are smaller than the actual wavelength. This paper explores several techniques to extend 193nm to low k<SUB>1</SUB> lithography. Most attention is given to binary mask solution in at 130nm dimensions, where k<SUB>1</SUB> is 0.4. Various strong and Gaussian quadrupole illuminators were designed, manufactured and tested for this application. Strong quadrupoles show that largest DOF improvements. The drawback however, is that these strong quadrupoles are very duty cycle and dimensions specific, resulting in large proximity biases between different duty cycles. Due to their design, Gaussian quadrupoles sample much wider frequency ranges, resulting in less duty cycles specific DOF improvements and less proximity basis. At sub-130nm dimensions, strong phase shift masks provide significant latitude improvements, when compared to binary masks with quadrupole illumination. However, differences in dose to size for different duty cycles were up to 25 percent. For definition of contact holes, linewidth biasing through silylation, a key feature of the CARL bi-layer resist approach, demonstrated significant DOF latitude improvements compared to SLR at 140nm and 160nm contact holes.
The Human Leukemia Oncogene <i>bcr-abl</i> Abrogates the Anchorage Requirement but Not the Growth Factor Requirement for Proliferation (1995)

Proliferation of normal cells in a multicellular organism requires not only growth factors but also the proper attachment to the extracellular matrix. A hallmark of neoplastic transformation is the loss of anchorage dependence which usually accompanies the loss of growth factor requirement. The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase of human leukemias is shown here to abrogate only the anchorage, not the growth factor, requirement. Bcr-Abl-transformed cells grow in soft agar but do not proliferate in serum-free media. Bcr-Abl does not activate the mitogenic pathway, as indicated by its inability to induce enhancers such as the serum response element or the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate response element (TRE). However, Bcr-Abl can alleviate the anchorage requirement for the induction of the TRE enhancer; i.e., it allows serum to activate the TRE in detached cells. This activity is dependent on the association of an active Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase with the actin filaments. Despite its association with the adapter protein Grb2, Bcr-Abl's effect on the TRE enhancer is not blocked by dominant negative Ras or Raf. The finding that Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase abrogates only anchorage dependence may have important implications on the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Monte Carlo calculations of the absorbed dose and energy dependence of plastic scintillators (2005)

Detector systems using plastic scintillators can provide instantaneous measurements with high spatial resolution in many applications including small field and high dose gradient field applications. Energy independence and water equivalence are important dosimetric properties that determine whether a detector will be useful in a clinical setting. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we calculated the energy dependence of plastic scintillators when exposed to photon beams in the radiotherapeutic range. These calculations were performed for a detector comprised of a BC-400 plastic scintillator surrounded by a polystyrene wall. Our results showed the plastic scintillation detector to be nearly energy independent over a range of energies from 0.5 to 20 MeV. The ratio of the dose absorbed by the scintillator to that absorbed by water was nearly a constant, approximately equal to 0.98 over the entire energy range of interest. These results confirm the water equivalence of the plastic scintillation detector and are in very good agreement with earlier results obtained using Burlin cavity theory.
Indole Synthesis via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynes and Imines (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIndole Synthesis via Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynes and IminesAkira Takeda, Shin Kamijo, and Yoshinori YamamotoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 23, 5662–5663Publication Date (Web):May 27, 2000Publication History Received2 February 2000Published online27 May 2000Published inissue 1 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000390phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000390prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3770Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Indoles,Palladium,Substituents Get e-Alerts
Effect of Varying Physical Parameters on the Products of the Thermochemical Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin using Ni-6458P Catalyst (2014)

Thermo chemical liquefaction of Kraft lignin using Ni-6458P catalyst produced gaseous, aqueous, char and oil products at 350 O C under 40 atm hydrogen and 40atm carbon monoxide respectively. The effect of temperature , pressure, and feedstock variation on carbon based yield(%yield), carbon based conversion ( %conversion), mass of carbon and hydrogen  recovered as oil (%CHR), H/C and O/C atomic ratio  of oil product and the distribution of gaseous ,aqueous ,char and oil products were studied.ICI lignin was a better feedstock than Kraft lignin in terms of quality , yield and %CHR. CO   proved to be a better reductant with the highest products yield. Oils having more desirable quality in terms of H/C and O/C atomic ratios were obtained at zero reaction time at 350 0 C.The study also showed that  products can also be  obtained at lower and more economical conditions than specified in a standard run including, reactions in vacuum and at zero reaction time  without a catalyst or reductant at 350 O c .
Phase Equilibria in the Systems NaF–ZrF<sub>4</sub>, UF<sub>4</sub>–ZrF<sub>4</sub> and NaF–ZrF<sub>4</sub>–UF<sub>4</sub> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Equilibria in the Systems NaF–ZrF4, UF4–ZrF4 and NaF–ZrF4–UF4C. J. Barton, W. R. Grimes, H. Insley, R. E. Moore, and R. E. ThomaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 6, 665–676Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150564a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j150564a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Some remarks on autocatalysis and autopoiesis (2000)

The notions of collective autocatalysis and of autopoiesis are clearly related; equally clearly, they are not quite the same. The purpose of this paper is to try to clarify the relationship. Specifically I suggest that autopoiesis can be at least roughly characterized as “collective autocatalysis plus spatial individuation”. While some mechanism of spatial confinement or concentration is probably necessary to the effective operation of any collectively autocatalytic reaction network, autopoiesis requires, in addition, that the mechanism for maintaining this confinement should itself be a product of the reaction network — and should thus (?) be capable of separating or individuating otherwise identically organized networks. I suggest an informal heuristic test to discriminate the (merely) collectively autocatalytic from the (properly?) autopoietic. Finally, in the light of this, I review a variety of published abstract or model systems (Alchemy, α-universes, Tierra, SCL).
Hardware Support for Dynamic Access Ordering: Performance of Some Design Options (1993)

Hardware Support for Dynamic Access Ordering: Performance of Some Design Options Sally A. McKee Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, 22903 mckee@virginia.edu Memory bandwidth is rapidly becoming the performance bottleneck in the application of high performance microprocessors to vector-like algorithms, including the &quot;grand challenge &quot; scientific problems. Caching is not the sole solution for these applications due to the poor temporal and spatial locality of their data accesses. Moreover, the nature of memories themselves has changed. Achieving greater bandwidth requires exploiting the characteristics of memory components &quot;on the other side of the cache&quot; --- they should not be treated as uniform access-time RAM. This paper describes the use of hardware-assisted access ordering on a uniprocessor system. Our technique combines compile-time detection of memory access patterns with a memory subsystem that decouples the order of requests generated by t...
Time constant/volume relationship of passive expiration in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients (1995)

Since the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lung is known to be inhomogeneous, one could expect an uneven distribution of expiratory time constant during uninterrupted mechanical ventilation. We investigated the time constant/volume relationship of passive expiration, and their modification by external resistive elements. In 12 paralysed intubated ARDS patients, we determined the expiratory time constant (tau E) as a function of the expired volume (VE) during uninterrupted mechanical ventilation. Mean expiratory time was 2.9 +/- 0.3 s (+/- SD). VE was divided into five equal volume slices (portions) and a mean tau E calculated from the expiratory tidal volume/flow curve for each slice. The mean values of tau E for each volume slice did not differ significantly throughout expiration, averaging 690 +/- 218 ms (mean +/- SD of five slices and 12 patients). We show that the flow-dependent resistance of the endotracheal tube (RETT) is mainly responsible for the observed time constant homogeneity. We conclude that in ARDS patients during uninterrupted mechanical ventilation the time constants of passive expiration are markedly modified by the flow-dependent resistance of the endotracheal tube (RETT), and also by the external resistance of tubing and ventilator (REX). RETT and REX render tau E about three times larger than the time constant of the patient's respiratory system alone.
Thermophilin 13, a Nontypical Antilisterial Poration Complex Bacteriocin, That Functions without a Receptor (1997)

A novel broad host range antimicrobial substance, Thermophilin 13, has been isolated and purified from the growth medium of Streptococcus thermophilus. Thermophilin 13 is composed of the antibacterial peptide ThmA (Mr of 5776) and the enhancing factor ThmB (Mr of 3910); the latter peptide increased the activity of ThmA approximately 40 x. Both peptides are encoded by a single operon, and an equimolar ratio was optimal for Thermophilin 13 activity. Despite the antilisterial activity of Thermophilin 13, neither ThmA nor ThmB contain the YGNGV-C consensus sequence of Listeria-active peptides, and post-translational modifications comparable to that in the lantibiotics are also absent. Mass spectrometry did reveal the apparent oxidation of methionines in ThmA, which resulted in a peptide that could not be enhanced any longer by ThmB, whereas the intrinsic bactericidal activity was normal. Thermophilin 13 dissipated the membrane potential and the pH gradient in liposomes, and this activity was independent of membrane components from a sensitive strain (e.g. lipid or proteinaceous receptor). Models of possible poration complexes formed are proposed on the basis of sequence comparisons, structure predictions, and the functional analysis of Thermophilin 13.
Sensors?A Forecast [Automotive Electronics] (2013)

Today?s luxury cars have more than 100 sensors per vehicle. As a result, much information has been gathered, weighed, and disseminated,including sensor fusion information that combines the output of discrete sensors. Multiple sensor inputs are required for reliable operation of sophisticated safety systems such as collision warning systems and crash avoidance systems.