gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principal feature selection and fusion method for image steganalysis (2009)

Learning-based image steganalysis is an effective and universal approach to cope with the following two difficulties: unknown statistics and steganographic algorithms. A crucial part of the learning-based process is the selection of low-dimensional features, which strongly impacts the accuracy of classification. A novel principal feature selection and fusion (PFSF) method is presented to reduce features, and then it is applied to image steganalysis. First, we analyze the multicollinearity among features to eliminate redundant features. Next, we implement the linear transform based on principal components analysis (PCA) and use Savage decision-making to eliminate insignificant features. Last, in order to further reduce features, we fuse the selected features, followed by selecting the principal features from the fused features to form a new feature set. The advantage of the proposed method is that it needs the cover images only, without requiring the availability of the stego-images in the process of the features selection. Moreover, the proposed method greatly reduces the computational time. Our method has been tested on two feature sets from Moulin's and Fridrich's features. The experimental results show that our method not only reduces the feature number by 90%, but also provides more reliable detection results than the previous steganalysis methods do.
Plasma renin activity and urine β2-microglobulin during and after cardiopulmonary bypass: pulsatile vs non-pulsatile perfusion (1990)

Fourteen patients with normal preoperative renal function underwent aortocoronary bypass graft using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with pulsatile (P;n = 7) or non pulsatile (NP;n = 7) perfusion. In the two groups prebypass values of plasma renin activity (PRA) and urine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M) were within normal limits. PRA increased significantly during CPB and the first 6 h after CPB only in the non-pulsatile group. In both groups, the urine beta 2-M level increased significantly during and after CPB; however, there was no significant difference in urine beta 2-M levels between the two groups. Also, the amount of beta 2-M excreted in urines per unit of time increased significantly in both groups during and after CPB; there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Family size and child development. (1982)

For some time now there has been a multidisciplinary interest in the effects of family size on children's development and on their overall life outcomes. In general, available evidence indicates that children from small families tend to accrue advantages in many developmental areas, while children from larger families are, as a group, relatively disadvantaged. Care needs to be taken when drawing conclusions from correlational research, yet there is growing evidence that even when the social class of families is accounted for, children from smaller families fare better on many measures of development than those from large families. 1 of the best documented research findings is that children from smaller families perform better on tests of intellectual ability than children from large families. Efforts to understand why family size should affect intellectual performance have intensified in recent years. Many explanations have been offered, but the explanation termed the "confluence model" has attracted the most interest and controversy. According to this model, a child's intellectual development is a function of the intellectual environment provided by the family. That environment is conceptualized as the average of absolute intelligence of all family members. A child is born with an absolute intelligence of zero. The arrival of each additional child has the effect of lowering the family's intellectual environment. Thus, children from larger families grow up in a less enriched environment and tend to perform less well on measures of ability. A 2nd component of the confluence model is necessary to explain the phenomenon that "only" children fail to perform as well as might be expected on intelligence tests. According to the confluence model, the only child discontinuity results from the absence of an opportunity to tutor younger siblings. Available evidence indicates that family size exerts an effect on educational and occupational achievement over and above its effect on ability. A multidisciplinary explanation for the findings on family size suggests that family resources become "diluted" as family size increases and the result is the various developmental deficits reported by researchers. In sum, there is substantial documentation indicating that children from small families have a better developmental prognosis than children with many siblings. In the aggregate, these effects could have a substantial impact on the quality of a country's citizenry.
Method for static and dynamic resistance measurements of HV circuit breaker (2011)

S/DRM testing methods usually use long, heavy cables to connect high current source from ground to the circuit breaker. Alternative is to move current source close to the circuit breaker by using heavy batteries, transformers, dc/dc etc. In new proposed method batteries are replaced with ultra capacitors and constant current charger, resulting in a few hundred grams of powerful current source, capable to generate few hundred amperes into the breaker contacts, or any other power contacts. Measuring voltage drop across the circuit breaker and the current through it continuously monitors discharging of ultra capacitors, giving a high accurate resistance value of the measured object.
Codon-Optimized Fluorescent Proteins Designed for Expression in Low-GC Gram-Positive Bacteria (2009)

Fluorescent proteins have wide applications in biology. However, not all of these proteins are properly expressed in bacteria, especially if the codon usage and genomic GC content of the host organism are not ideal for high expression. In this study, we analyzed the DNA sequences of multiple fluorescent protein genes with respect to codons and GC content and compared them to a low-GC gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. We found high discrepancies for cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), and the photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PAGFP), but not GFP, with regard to GC content and codon usage. Concomitantly, when the proteins were expressed in B. anthracis, CFP- and YFP-derived fluorescence was undetectable microscopically, a phenomenon caused not by lack of gene transcription or degradation of the proteins but by lack of protein expression. To improve expression in bacteria with low genomic GC contents, we synthesized a codon-optimized gfp and constructed optimized photoactivatable pagfp, cfp, and yfp, which were in contrast to nonoptimized genes highly expressed in B. anthracis and in another low-GC gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. Using optimized GFP as a reporter, we were able to monitor the activity of the protective antigen promoter of B. anthracis and confirm its dependence on bicarbonate and regulators present on virulence plasmid pXO1.
Qos enhancement for adaptive streaming services over wcdma (2003)

This paper presents a new method to adapt the quality-of-service (QoS) in a wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) system, called radio network feedback (RNF). The concept of RNF is in general applicable to all the services requiring a minimum quality (i.e., non best effort) and in this paper, the focus is on streaming. In this context, RNF makes it possible for a streaming server to adapt its source bit rate to a WCDMA radio link, whose bandwidth may vary in time due, for example, to decongestion/congestion situations over the air interface or to handover. This is very beneficial for the end user as it allows to increase the bandwidth (i.e., the quality) when possible and to decrease it (instead of just dropping the service) when needed. RNF was compared with Client-based adaptation solutions. Simulation results show that RNF is fast and accurate and performs better than Client-based adaptation. For example, rebuffering occurs only with Client-based method. Moreover, with RNF the up-switch is performed only when needed, whereas the up-switch performed by means of the Client-based method is often erroneous and may annoy the end user.
Performance of HIPERLAN/2 using sectorised antennas (2001)

Simulated HIPERLAN/2 physical layer results are contrasted using wideband measurements for omnidirectional and sectorised antennas. Gains as high as 13.4 dB are observed using a 60° sectorised antenna. Results demonstrate sectorised antenna improvements for all environments, even those where spatial filtering reduces the degree of frequency selective fading.
Ökonomische Betrachtungen (1966)

Im Abschnitt 2.3. wurde auf die ökonomischen Probleme hinsichtlich einer optimalen Hetzgestaltung Datenübertragungs-Datenverarbeitungssystem andeutungsweise eingegangen. Damit war nur die eine Seite der Problematik berührt. Die andere Seite ökonomischer Probleme befaßt sich speziell mit der Übertragungsleistung von Übertragungsanlagen ohne Berücksichtigung peripherer Geräte. Dies soll in den anschließenden Betrachtungen ausführlich behandelt und hieraus die Schlußfolgerung mit abgeleitet werden.
Response to adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotrophin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in lactating cows fed an immunomodulatory supplement under thermoneutral or acute heat stress conditions (2020)

Adrenal responsiveness was tested in nonpregnant, lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diets supplemented with OmniGen-AF (OG; Phibro Animal Health Corp., Teaneck, NJ), an immune modulator, and in nonsupplemented control (CON) cows following bolus infusions of a combination of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH; 0.3 µg/kg of BW) and arginine vasopressin (VP; 1.0 µg/kg of BW) or ACTH (0.1 IU/kg of BW) in 2 environments: thermoneutral [TN; temperature-humidity index (THI) <60] for 24 h/d and heat stress (HS; THI >68 for 17 h/d). Cows (506) were initially fed OG (n = 254) or CON (n = 252) diets for 44 d before selection of a subgroup of cows (n = 12; 6 OG, 6 CON) for the study. The 2 subgroups were balanced for parity, milk yield, and days in milk. All cows were transported to and housed in 2 environmentally controlled rooms at the University of Arizona Agricultural Research Complex (Tucson). Cows were given 3 d to acclimate to the rooms and then underwent 12 d of TN conditions and then 8 d of HS conditions for a total of 24 d on experiment. Cows were infused with CRH-VP on d 9 of TN and on d 1 of HS and with ACTH on d 10 of TN and on d 2 of HS. Hormone infusions took place at 1000 h (0 h) on each infusion day. Blood samples, taken in 30-min intervals, were first collected at 0800 h (-2 h) and were drawn until 1800 h (8 h). Before infusion, serum progesterone was elevated in OG cows compared with CON cows. Infusion of releasing factors (CRH-VP or ACTH) caused increases in serum cortisol and progesterone, but cortisol release was greater in CON cows than in OG cows during HS, whereas progesterone did not differ between the 2 treatments. Serum ACTH increased following infusion of releasing factors, but this increase was greater following CRH-VP infusion than ACTH infusion. Serum bovine corticosteroid-binding globulin also increased following infusion of releasing factors in both treatment groups, but this increase was greater during HS in cows fed OG. The free cortisol index (FCI) increased following CRH-VP and ACTH and was higher in HS than in TN for both OG and CON cows. However, the FCI response was blunted in OG cows compared with CON cows during HS. Heat stress enhanced the adrenal response to releasing factors. Additionally, the adrenal cortisol and FCI response to releasing factors was reduced during acute heat stress in cows fed OG. Collectively, these data suggest that OG supplementation reduced the adrenal responsiveness to factors regulating cortisol secretion during acute HS.
Analyzing distortion of aircraft Structural part in NC machining based on FEM simulation (2010)

NC machining distortion theory is studied by analyzing the typical aircraft wing rib aluminum alloy structural part. The reasons which lead to machining distortion are accounted for. The research method and process of theoretical model, finite element analysis and milling experiment are presented. The effect of residual stresses on machining distortion which distribute in the aircraft structure part is analyzed. The initial residual stress distribution which generated from material heat treatment is simulated by using thermal-mechanical coupling analysis of the FEM software. Cutting simulation is executed by exploiting the static element deactivation technique. The element is deactivated via Birth/Death feature in ANSYS software. The distortion results generated by the machining simulation are compared with the actual machining data. It appears that both distortion trends are consistent. The validity of the analysis method and the finite element analysis model is verified. Several methods which can be used to predicting and controlling machining distortion are proposed.
Preparation of Mostly Single High-T<sub>c</sub> Phase Thin Films in Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O by Pyrolysis of Organic Acid Salts (1990)

Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films of mostly single high- T c phase were successfully obtained by pyrolysis of organic acid salts. The highest T c (end) was 101 K, and film thickness was nearly 1 µm. The superconducting transition temperature was strongly dependent on heat-treatment procedures and time. The 24-hour firing was sufficient to raise T c (end) above 100 K.
Glucose-stat, a glucose-controlled continuous culture (1991)

A predictive and feedback proportional control algorithm, developed for fed-batch fermentations and described in a companion paper (G. L. Kleman, J. J. Chalmers, G. W. Luli, and W. R. Strohl, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:910-917, 1991), was used in this work to control a continuous culture on the basis of the soluble-glucose concentration (called the glucose-stat). This glucose-controlled continuous-culture system was found to reach and maintain steady state for 11 to 24 residence times when four different background glucose concentrations (0.27, 0.50, 0.7, and 1.5 g/liter) were used. The predictive-plus-feedback control system yielded very tight control of the continuous nutristat cultures; glucose concentrations were maintained at the set points with less than 0.003 standard error. Acetate production by Escherichia coli B in glucose-stats was found not to be correlated with the level of steady-state soluble-glucose concentration.
A Prospective Evaluation of Clomiphene Citrate Challenge Test Screening of the General Infertility Population (1993)

Approximately 10% of the patients in the general infertility population had abnormal clomiphene citrate challenge tests. The incidence of abnormal results increases with age beginning in the early 30s, occurs with a higher frequency in patients who would otherwise be diagnosed with unexplained infertility, and prognosticates decreased long-term pregnancy rates.
Transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles – a generic method for mixing reactants in capillary microreactor (2009)

The capillary is an attractive format for integrated microanalyses, which start with the injection of separate reactants into the capillary and their mixing inside the capillary. Due to the nonturbulent nature of flow inside the capillary, mixing reactants in a generic way is a challenging task. Three approaches have been suggested as a solution: mixing by electrophoresis, mixing by longitudinal diffusion, and, most recently, mixing by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP). This is the first review on TDLFP, describing: (i) the physical basis of the method, (ii) its theory, (iii) analytical and numerical solutions for the calculation of concentration profiles of mixed reactants, (iv) up-to-date applications, and (v) problems to be solved and future directions.
.delta.,.epsilon.-Unsaturated .beta.,.beta.-Difluoro-.alpha.-keto Esters: Novel Synthesis and Utility as Precursors of .beta.,.beta.-Difluoro-.alpha.-amino Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.delta.,.epsilon.-Unsaturated .beta.,.beta.-Difluoro-.alpha.-keto Esters: Novel Synthesis and Utility as Precursors of .beta.,.beta.-Difluoro-.alpha.-amino AcidsGuo-qiang Shi and Wei-ling CaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6289–6295Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1432Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Chemokine Receptor CCR2 Genotypes in the Route to Cervical Carcinogenesis (2007)

Invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix arise from earlier, reversible precursor lesions called low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively). The aim of our study was to analyse the influence of the CCR2-64I polymorphism in the development of SIL due to its preponderant role in the cervical carcinogenesis and in the progression of these lesions to invasive cervical carcinoma. We conducted a case-control study, analyzing 565 Caucasian women from the north of Portugal. The CCR2-64I polymorphism was analysed through polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequency of GG, GA and AA genotypes was 76.5, 23.5 and 0.0% respectively, in HSIL patients, and 87.8, 11.1 and 1.1% respectively, in the control group. The G allele frequency was 88.2% in the HSIL group and 93.4% in the control group. Regarding the A allele frequency, it was 11.8% in the HSIL group and 6.6% in the control group. Overall, the frequency of A carrier genotypes was higher in HSIL patients than in the control group (p = 0.013; OR = 2.21; 95%CI: 1.17-4.15), suggesting that CCR2-64I polymorphism might contribute to the establishment of HSIL, through the disruption of the naturally fragile immune response directed towards human papillomavirus infection.
Nickel Thin Films Grown by MOCVD Using Ni(dmg)<sub>2</sub> as Precursor (1995)

The aim of this study was (i) to investigate alternatives to the very toxic Ni(CO)4, (ii) optimization of the parameters for Ni film growth, and (iii) characterization of the film morphology. The thermal behaviour of the precursors bis(dimethylglyoximato)Ni(II), [Ni(dmg)2], bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionato)Ni(II), [Ni(thd)2], N,N'-ethylenebis(2,4-pentandioniminoato)Ni(II), [Ni(enacac)], and bis(2-amino-pent-2-en-4-onato)Ni(II), [Ni(apo)2] were investigated in a model reactor. Furthermore, the evaporation rates of these compounds were determined. Metallic nickel films were obtained using Ni(dmg)2 as precursor. The deposition was carried out in a horizontal quartz reactor at reduced pressure in a hydrogen/helium atmosphere. The films were analysed by profilometry, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourpoint resistivity measurements and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Comparison of the AFM and ESCA data with the electrical resistances resulted in a two layer film model.
Inhibition of binding of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA by 7,8-benzoflavone in organ cultures of human bronchus. (1985)

Levels of binding of exogeneously added benzo(a)pyrene to DNA in organ culture were examined in nine specimens of normal human bronchus obtained by bronchoscopy of tumor patients. The specimens were divided into two portions and incubated with [3H]benzo(a)pyrene in the absence or presence of 2 microM 7,8-benzoflavone for 24 h. 7,8-benzoflavone inhibited [3H]benzo(a)pyrene-DNA binding from 24 to 60%. Generally, the levels of binding of [3H]benzo(a)pyrene to DNA in the presence of 7,8-benzoflavone were relatively low and closely bracketed the mean value for the nine specimens. This appears to indicate that there are at least two components to [3H]benzo(a)pyrene-DNA binding catalyzed by the human bronchus. One component is quite variable in activity and is sensitive to inhibition by 7,8-benzoflavone, and may be an environmentally induced activity. The second component is lower in activity, and may be a constitutive portion of the mixed-function oxidase.
Framework for risk analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES) (1998)

The objectives of this workshop are to (1) provide the NRC staff and the public with an overview of currently available Federally-Sponsored dose models appropriate for decommissioning assessments and (2) discuss NRC staff-developed questions related to model selection criteria with the final rule on ``Radiological Criteria for License Termination`` (62 FR 39058). For over 40 years, medium specific models have been and will continue to be developed in an effort to understand and predict environmental phenomena, including fluid-flow patterns, contaminant migration and fate, human or wildlife exposures, impacts from specific toxicants to specific species and their organs, cost-benefit analyses, impacts from remediation alternatives, etc. For nearly 40 years, medium-specific models have been combined for either sequential or concurrent assessments. The evolution of multiple-media assessment tools has followed a logic progression. To allow a suite of users the flexibility and versatility to construct, combine, and couple attributes that meet their specific needs without unnecessarily burdening the user with extraneous capabilities, the development of a computer-based methodology to implement a Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES) was begun in 1994. FRAMES represents a platform which links elements together and yet does not represent the models that are linked to or withinmore » it; therefore, changes to elements that are linked to or within FRAMES do not change the framework.« less