gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte Responsiveness to Chemotactic Stimuli is a Property of a Subpopulation of Cells that can Respond to Multiple Chemoattractants (1981)

The chemotactic migration of leukocytes is preceded by an alteration in the cells' shape from round to a characteristic polar configuration. We have developed an assay that shows that human monocytes, when exposed to chemoattractant in suspension, assume this polarized shape. The three types of chemo-attractants studied, a chemotactic lymphokine, complement-activated serum, and the N-formylated oligopeptides, all induced polarization in a time, temperature, and dose-dependent fashion. Nonchemotactic agents such as mitogens or phorbol myristate acetate did not induce polarization. At 37 degrees C, polarization was rapid (<1 min) and was inhibitable by cytochalasin B, sodium azide, or low temperature. A series of N-formylated oligopeptides were studied and their activity in inducing polarization correlated closely (r > 0.99) with their chemotactic activity. Of the entire population of circulating monocytes there is a subpopulation of cells that is capable of polarizing in response to chemotactic stimuli. The maximum percentage of monocytes which polarized to any chemotactic factor was approximately 60%. Furthermore, the combination of several chemotactic factors could not increase the percentage of polarized monocytes above the maximum obtained with an optimal dose of any single chemoattractant. The data also demonstrate that high doses of a chemoattractant can induce a state of cross-desensitization in monocytes that blocks the response of the cells to other types of chemotactic factors. These results support the concept that the monocytes that do respond to chemotactic stimuli are capable of responding to any of several attractants.
Model-based optimal restoration of fax images in the context of mathematical morphology (1994)

Restoration is ultimately a problem of statistical estimation. An optimal filter is estimated to restore binary fax images. The filter is an approximation of the binary conditional expectation that minimizes the expected absolute error between the degraded image and the ideal image. It is implemented as a morphological hit-or-miss filter. Estimation methodology employs a model-based simulation of the degradation due to the fax process. Simulated images are used to generate data from which the filter is estimated. The methodology presented can be used for other classes of images. Restoration examples are given.
Integral management system for the energy efficiency improvement in commercial facilities: application to the Polytechnic University of Valencia (2009)

One of the best ways to improve the energy efficiency in any system is by using more properly the energy resources in different facilities. Using them only when they are necessary is one of the most promising strategies.
Frequency stabilization of laser diode using a frequency-locked ring resonator to acetylene gas absorption lines (1991)

The frequency stabilization of a 1.5 mu m distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) ring resonator whose resonant frequency is locked to /sup 12/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ and /sup 13/C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ gas absorption lines is described. The resonant frequency of PLC ring resonator was stabilized within a 5 MHz peak-to-peak fluctuation. With this ring resonator the outer frequency fluctuation of the DFB laser diode was stabilized within 10 MHz at every resonant frequency at 5 GHz intervals. The stability demonstrated is as good as the method using molecular absorption lines as a reference. The stabilized frequency can be selected at any point on the optical resonant peaks of the optical resonator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the genomic DNA of Schistosoma japonicum]. (2009)

中国是日本血吸虫病主要流行区[1],疫情形势严峻.准确评估钉螺感染和水体污染情况,对疫情防制意义重大.传统的压碎法、逸蚴法和哨鼠法灵敏性都较低[2],影响了血防工作的效率.有人尝试将PCR方法用于血吸虫病的诊断和流行监测[3-5],其中根据埃及和曼氏血吸虫中发现的串联重复序列建立的PCR方法都表现出极高的灵敏性[6-8],实用前景乐观[9].本研究的主要目的是揭示日本血吸虫中可能存在的该序列,优化PCR条件,评价其灵敏性。
The Promise of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Inhibition in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

There is a strong need to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond the use of statins that lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The inverse relationship of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with cardiovascular disease suggests HDL-C raising therapy as a novel target. This review discusses the role of HDL-C in atherogenesis as well as the promise of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition in CVD prevention. While genetic studies show conflicting results on correlations between HDL-C and CVD, experimental studies have yielded sufficient encouraging data to proceed with the development of HDL-C raising strategies. CETP inhibition has been shown to successfully increase HDL-C levels in man. However, the first CETP inhibitor tested in phase III trials increased mortality possibly due to torcetrapib-specific vasopressor effects. More recently, dalcetrapib did not show an effect on CVD outcome while raising HDL-C by 30%, thereby refuting the HDL-C hypothesis. Anacetrapib and evacetrapib are currently tested in phase III clinical trials and have not shown adverse effects thus far. Both compounds not only increase HDL-C by 129-151%, they also decrease LDL-C (36-41%) and anacetrapib lowers Lp(a) (17%). Combined, these effects are anticipated to decrease CVD risk and the results will be revealed in 2017.
Leg Design In Hexapedal Runners (1991)

Many-legged animals, such as crabs and cockroaches, utilize whole-body mechanics similar to that observed for running bipeds and trotting quadrupedal mammals. Despite the diversity in morphology, two legs in a quadrupedal mammal, three legs in an insect and four legs in a crab can function in the same way as one leg of a biped during ground contact. To explain how diverse leg designs can result in common whole-body dynamics, we used a miniature force platform to measure the ground reaction forces produced by individual legs of the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis. Hexapedal runners were not like quadrupeds with an additional set of legs. In trotting quadrupedal mammals each leg develops a similar ground reaction force pattern that sums to produce the whole-body pattern. At a constant average velocity, each leg pair of the cockroach was characterized by a unique ground reaction force pattern. The first leg decelerated the center of mass in the horizontal direction, whereas the third leg was used to accelerate the body. The second leg did both, much like legs in bipedal runners and quadrupedal trotters. Vertical force peaks for each leg were equal in magnitude. In general, peak ground reaction force vectors minimized joint moments and muscle forces by being oriented towards the coxal joints, which articulate with the body. Locomotion with a sprawled posture does not necessarily result in large moments around joints. Calculations on B. discoidalis showed that deviations from the minimum moments may be explained by considering the minimization of the summed muscle forces in more than one leg. Production of horizontal forces that account for most of the mechanical energy generated during locomotion can actually reduce total muscle force by directing the ground reaction forces through the leg joints. Whole-body dynamics common to two-, four-, six- and eight-legged runners is produced in six-legged runners by three pairs of legs that differ in orientation with respect to the body, generate unique ground reaction force patterns, but combine to function in the same way as one leg of a biped.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Extremely Mild Catalyst System, Combined Use of Trityl Chloride and Tin(II) Chloride, in the Aldol and Michael Reactions. (1987)

Abstract The aldehydes (II) or their corresponding dimethyl acetals (III) are coupled with the silyl enol ethers (Ia) ‐ (If) in the presence of trityl chloride ‐ tin(II) chloride (IV) to give the aldols (V).
Constructing a “Pizza‐Like” MoS<sub>2</sub>/Polypyrrole/Polyaniline Ternary Architecture with High Energy Density and Superior Cycling Stability for Supercapacitors (2016)

Polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) are most promising candidates for high energy and power density supercapacitors. However, their relative low surface area and poor cyclic stability greatly limit their practical applications. Morphology‐ and size‐controlled micro/nanostructure formation of such materials may lead to enhanced performance. Here, the solvent‐exchange method is proposed for the preparation of high‐concentration few‐layer MoS 2 (f‐MoS 2 ) suspension in an ethanol–water mixed solvent. PPy layers with high surface coverage are formed on the resultant dispersible f‐MoS 2 by in situ polymerization of pyrrole. The MoS 2 /PPy hybrid is then used as the reactive layer for subsequent in situ growth and attachment of PANI, thus forming a “pizza‐like” MoS 2 /PPy/PANI ternary nanostructure. The rational design of such hierarchical nanostructures greatly enhances the specific capacitance up to 1273 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and effectively improves the cyclic performance maintaining ≈83% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. The excellent performances of MoS 2 /PPy/PANI hybrid are mainly attributed to robust interconnected frameworks for improved electrical conductivity and well‐defined porosities for enhanced electrolyte/electrode interaction. The superior electrochemical performance thus suggests a promising strategy for fabricating component adjustable, high energy density, and durable nanostructures as novel electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Myelodysplastic and Myeloproliferative Disorders of Childhood: A Study of 167 Patients (1999)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative syndromes (MPS) of childhood are a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of hematopoiesis with overlapping clinical features and inconsistent nomenclature. Although a number of genetic conditions have been associated with MDS and MPS, the overall contribution of inherited predispositions is uncertain. We report a retrospective study examining clinical features, genetic associations, and outcomes in 167 children with MDS and MPS. Of these patients, 48 had an associated constitutional disorder. One hundred one patients had adult-type myelodysplastic syndrome (A-MDS), 60 had juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and 6 infants with Down syndrome had a transient myeloproliferative syndrome (TMS). JMML was characterized by young age at onset and prominent hepatosplenomegaly, whereas patients with A-MDS were older and had little or no organomegaly. The most common cytogenetic abnormalities were monosomy 7 or del(7q) (53 cases); this was common both in patients with JMML and those with A-MDS. Leukemic transformation was observed in 32% of patients, usually within 2 years of diagnosis. Survival was 25% at 16 years. Favorable prognostic features at diagnosis included age less than 2 years and a hemoglobin F level of less than 10%. Older patients tended to present with an adult-type MDS that is accommodated within the French-American-British system. In contrast, infants and young children typically developed unique disorders with overlapping features of MDS and MPS. Although the type and intensity of therapy varied markedly in this study, the overall outcome was poor except in patients with TMS.
Sensory Activity and Food Intake: a Study of Input-Output Relationships in Two Phytophagous Insects (1977)

De invloed van een toegevoegde smaakprikkel op het vraatgedrag van insecten kan men zuiverder meten door de gegeten hoeveelheid testdieet op zijn minst te corrigeren door het in mindering brengen van de hoeveelheid opgenomen controle-
Decreasing the electronic confinement in layered perovskites through intercalation (2016)

We show that post-synthetic small-molecule intercalation can significantly reduce the electronic confinement of 2D hybrid perovskites. Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we explain structural, optical, and electronic effects of intercalating highly polarizable molecules in layered perovskites designed to stabilize the intercalants. Polarizable molecules in the organic layers substantially alter the optical and electronic properties of the inorganic layers. By calculating the spatially resolved dielectric profiles of the organic and inorganic layers within the hybrid structure, we show that the intercalants afford organic layers that are more polarizable than the inorganic layers. This strategy reduces the confinement of excitons generated in the inorganic layers and affords the lowest exciton binding energy for an <i>n</i> = 1 perovskite of which we are aware. We also demonstrate a method for computationally evaluating the exciton's binding energy by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the exciton, which includes an <i>ab initio</i> determination of the material's dielectric profile across organic and inorganic layers. This new semi-empirical method goes beyond the imprecise phenomenological approximation of abrupt dielectric-constant changes at the organic-inorganic interfaces. This work shows that incorporation of polarizable molecules in the organic layers, through intercalation or covalent attachment, is a viable strategy for tuning 2D perovskites towards mimicking the reduced electronic confinement and isotropic light absorption of 3D perovskites while maintaining the greater synthetic tunability of the layered architecture.
Cell‐Penetrating Peptides as Carriers for Oral Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals (2015)

Oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals, for example peptides and proteins, constitutes a great challenge in drug delivery due to their low chemical stability and poor permeation across the intestinal mucosa, to a large extent limiting the mode of administration to injections, which is not favouring patient compliance. Nevertheless, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have shown promising potential as carriers to overcome the epithelium, and this minireview highlights recent knowledge gained within the field of CPP-mediated transepithelial delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins from the intestine. Two approaches may be pursued: co-administration of the carrier and therapeutic peptide in the form of complexes obtained by simple bulk mixing, or administration of covalent conjugates demanding more advanced production methodologies. These formulation approaches have their pros and cons, and which is to be preferred depends on the physicochemical properties of both the specific CPP and the specific cargo. In addition to the physical epithelial barrier, a metabolic barrier must be overcome in order to obtain CPP-mediated delivery of a cargo drug from the intestine, and a number of strategies have been employed to delay enzymatic degradation of the CPP. The mechanisms by which CPPs translocate across membranes are not fully understood, but possibly involve endocytosis as well as direct translocation, and the CPP-mediated transepithelial delivery of cargo drugs thus likely involves similar mechanisms for the initial membrane interaction and translocation. However, the mechanisms responsible for transcytosis of the cargo drug, if taken up by an endocytic mechanism, or direct translocation across the epithelium are so far not known.
Steam Turbine Cogeneration (2008)

Steam turbines are widely used in most industrial facilities because steam is readily available and steam turbine is easy to operate and maintain. If designed properly, a steam turbine co-generation (producing heat and power simultaneously) system can increase energy efficiency, reduce air emissions and qualify the equipment for a Capital Cost tax Allowance. As a result, such a system benefits the stakeholders, the society and the environment. This paper describes briefly the types of steam turbine classified by their conditions of exhaust and review quickly the fundamentals related to steam and steam turbine. Then the authors will analyze a typical steam turbine co-generation system and give examples to illustrate the benefits of the System.
Crystal Structure, Physical Properties, and Electrochemistry of Copper Substituted LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Single Crystals (2011)

Copper substituted lithium iron phosphate, with the olivine structure, has been synthesized hydrothermally as dark-brown single crystals with 15% of the iron sites occupied by cupric ions. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility,combined with Li solid state NMR studies performed on powder sample, showed that 5% of the lithium ions also reside on the iron site, giving the formula Li0.95[(Fe2+)0.70(Fe3+)0.10(Cu2+)0.15Li0.05)]PO4. The compound exhibits anisotropic magnetic susceptibility and orders antiferromagnetically at 48 K. The magnetic moments are aligned along [010] as in LiFePO4. The optical measurements indicate that the dark brown color originates from interionic d-d transitions. A part of the lithium ions can be cycled in an electrochemical cell, corresponding to the oxidation/reduction of the iron ions. An onset of a second electrochemical process is observed at about 4.1 V, tentatively attributed to the removal of Li ions from the Fe site. The first principles calculations indicate above 5 V redox potential for the Cu2+/Cu3+ pair in the olivine structure, much higher than experimentally observed. The diffusion coefficient is determined from galvanostatic intermittent titration data, as part of the delithiation process proceeds as a single-phase reaction in this disordered compound.
Structure of pyrrolosine: a novel inhibitor of RNA synthesis, from the actinomycete Streptomyces albus (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of pyrrolosine: a novel inhibitor of RNA synthesis, from the actinomycete Streptomyces albusSusumu Ikegami, Haruhiko Isomura, Noboru Tsuchimori, Yasuko T. Osano, Tetsuro Hayase, Tomoko Yugami, Haruyuki Ohkishi, and Takao MatsuzakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 26, 9668–9669Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00182a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00182a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Study of the <scp>D</scp>‐‐ phenotype reveals erythrocyte membrane alterations in the absence of <scp>RHCE</scp> (2012)

Red cells with the D-- phenotype do not express the RHCE protein because of mutations in both alleles of the RHCE gene. At present, little is known of the effect this has on the normal function of erythrocytes. In this study a group of five families belonging to a nomadic tribe in Malaysia were identified as carriers of the D-- haplotype. Analysis of homozygous individuals' genomic DNA showed two separate novel mutations. In four of the families, RHCE exons 1, 9 and 10 were present, while the 5th family possessed RHCE exons 1-3 and 10. Analysis of cDNA revealed hybrid transcripts, suggesting a gene conversion event with RHD, consistent with previously reported D-- mutations. Immunoblotting analysis of D-- erythrocyte membrane proteins found that Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG) migrates with altered electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, consistent with increased glycosylation. Total amounts of Rh polypeptide in D-- membranes were comparable with controls, indicating that the exalted D antigen displayed by D-- red cells may be associated with altered surface epitope presentation. The adhesion molecules CD44 and CD47 are significantly reduced in D--. Together these results suggest that absence of RHCE polypeptide alters the structure and packing of the band 3/Rh macrocomplex.
Note—A Brand Switching Model with Implications for Marketing Strategies (1989)

A two-class “Hard-Core Loyal” and “Potential Switcher” latent model for the analysis of brand switching data is proposed. Some previously unpublished automobile data will be presented and analyzed along with another data set for frequently purchased packaged goods. We show how our simple model can be easily estimated using a standard log-linear modeling approach. We hope that the approach, examples, and managerial implications presented will stimulate increased collection and analysis of switching data in the areas of durables and services. In fact our model may well be more appropriate for these two aspects of marketing than it is for consumer packaged goods—which up to now represents almost all of the published work using switching data.
Experimental analysis of the joint statistical properties of azimuth spread, delay spread, and shadow fading (2002)

Empirical results characterizing the joint statistical properties of the local azimuth spread (AS), the local delay spread (DS), and the shadow (slow) fading component are presented. Measurement data from typical urban, bad urban, and suburban (SU) environments have been analyzed. It is found that a log-normal distribution accurately fits the distribution function of all the investigated parameters. The spatial autocorrelation function of both AS, DS, and shadow fading can be modeled with an exponential decay function. However, for SU environments the spatial autocorrelation function is better characterized by a composite of two exponential decaying functions. A positive cross correlation is found between the AS and the DS, while both parameters are negatively correlated with shadow fading. All essential parameters required for the implementation of a simulation model considering the joint statistical properties of the AS, DS, and shadow fading are provided.