gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-assisted differential diagnosis and management (2002)

A number of divergent techniques have been utilized in attempts to produce computerized decision aids. Medical applications have been particularly prominent areas for these applications, due in part to the inability of other methodologies to adequately address problems in medicine. The techniques used include rule-based expert systems, pattern classification, database searching, statistical analysis, decision analysis, and most recently, neural network models. In this paper, a system is described which incorporates a number of these divergent techniques to produce a comprehensive system which can be utilized as an aid for differential diagnosis as well as an instructional tool for training of medical residents. The techniques used include rule-based expert systems, pattern classification, neural networks, and image analysis. The overall purpose of the system described is to illustrate the practicality of combining these diverse technologies in a single decision making system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feature hierarchies for object classification (2005)

The paper describes a method for automatically extracting informative feature hierarchies for object classification, and shows the advantage of the features constructed hierarchically over previous methods. The extraction process proceeds in a top-down manner: informative top-level fragments are extracted first, and by a repeated application of the same feature extraction process the classification fragments are broken down successively into their own optimal components. The hierarchical decomposition terminates with atomic features that cannot be usefully decomposed into simpler features. The entire hierarchy, the different features and sub-features, and their optimal parameters, are learned during a training phase using training examples. Experimental comparisons show that these feature hierarchies are significantly more informative and better for classification compared with similar nonhierarchical features as well as previous methods for using feature hierarchies.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylase. Inactivation by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine and comparative sequences at the inhibitor- and coenzyme-binding sites. (1986)

Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylase from Morganella morganii AM-15 was inactivated by (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine by a pseudo first-order reaction, with KI and k inact values of 0.1 mM and 32.2 min-1, respectively, and was most efficient at pH 6.5-7.0. Both L-histidine and the competitive inhibitor, L-histidine methyl ester, protected against inactivation. The apoenzyme was not inactivated. These findings indicate that inhibition is a mechanism-based process. Under optimal conditions a single molecule of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine inactivates one enzyme subunit, indicating that no escaping side reaction occurs during the inactivation process. The bound inactivator is not released by dialysis of the native protein but is released upon denaturation by heat or urea. This released product was not fully characterized, but it contains the tritium of ring-labeled alpha-fluoromethyl-[3H]histidine, exhibits the spectral properties of a 3-hydroxypyridine derivative, and does not yield any amino acids on hydrolysis. The label was much more stable following borohydride reduction of the inactivated protein, and a tryptic peptide containing the modified residue was isolated. Sequencing of this peptide and the corresponding peptide from the native enzyme revealed that the inactivator binds to a serine residue of the holoenzyme. Two P-pyridoxyl peptides from tryptic or CNBr digests of the NaBH4-reduced enzyme were also isolated. Sequence and compositional data obtained with these peptides showed that the serine residue to which the inhibitor binds is not near the lysine residue that binds pyridoxal-P in the primary sequence of the protein, although the two residues must be near one another in the three-dimensional structure to account for these results. A speculative mechanism for inactivation, consistent with the experimental findings, is presented.
Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament: primary and secondary signs at MR imaging. (1993)

To investigate primary and secondary signs of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors retrospectively reviewed 103 MR imaging examinations obtained in 99 patients, the original interpretations of these examinations, clinical records, and arthroscopy reports. Fifty cases of arthroscopy-documented complete ACL tear were included. The primary signs of ACL tear (ie, abnormal ACL morphologic features or signal intensity) had respective sensitivity and specificity values of 96% (48 of 50 examinations) and 94% (50 of 53) on sagittal images and 92% (46 of 50) and 83% (43 of 52) on coronal images. As a secondary sign of ACL tear, bone bruise involving the lateral compartment of the knee was found in 40% (20 of 50) of cases of ACL tear and in 4% (2 of 53) of cases of normal ACL. The mean curvature of the posterior cruciate ligament was increased (0.40 vs 0.27; P < .0001) in cases of ACL tear. An abnormal appearance of the ACL on sagittal images remains the single most sensitive and specific sign of ACL tear.
Probabilistic analysis of linear programming decoding (2007)

We initiate the probabilistic analysis of linear programming (LP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Specifically, we show that for a random LDPC code ensemble, the linear programming decoder of Feld-man et al. succeeds in correcting a constant fraction of errors with high probability. The fraction of correctable errors guaranteed by our analysis surpasses all prior non-asymptotic results for LDPC codes, and in particular exceeds the best previous finite-length result on LP decoding by a factor greater than ten. This improvement stems in part from our analysis of probabilistic bit-flipping channels, as opposed to adversarial channels. At the core of our analysis is a novel combinatorial characterization of LP decoding success, based on the notion of a generalized matching. An interesting by-product of our analysis is to establish the existence of in random bipartite graphs, in which one requires only that almost every (as opposed to every) set of a certain size expands, with expansion coefficients much larger than the classical case.
Pain at the Injection Site of Subcutaneously Administered Erythropoietin in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Comparison of Two Brands of Erythropoietin (1992)

Local pain due to subcutaneous erythropoietin (EPO) injection into the thigh was studied using a verbal score ranging from 0 to 4. Equivoluminous doses of epoetin-alpha (Cilag) and epoetin-beta (Boehringer) were compared in 2 controlled single-blind experiments: 10 dialysis patients were treated at random for 4 weeks at consecutive sessions with both brands of EPO, and 40 patients were treated in 1 session only with the 2 brands simultaneously. Pain scores were 1.12 +/- 0.28 versus 0.15 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.05) and 1.75 +/- 0.19 versus 0.08 +/- 0.04 for epoetin-alpha and epoetin-beta, respectively (p less than 0.001). Treatment acceptance was 48% for epoetin-alpha versus 83% for epoetin-beta (p less than 0.05).
Surface energy approach and AFM verification of the (CF)<i><sub>n</sub></i>treated surface effect and its correlation with adhesion reduction in microvalves (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to outline an approach that will determine the optimal surface pairs to use in a MEMS device with demonstrated stiction problems. The approach uses the contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) pull-off measurements to predict adhesion at the solid–solid interface. The results are compared to microvalves that have been fabricated with different surfaces at the seat/membrane interface. For microfabricated mechanical devices with surfaces that touch or have a small gap distance, stiction can occur during fabrication or during use. Fabricating multiple devices with different surfaces to determine the lowest stiction can be costly and time consuming. Identifying the surface pair with the least amount of surface adhesion before fabrication can lead to a reduction in device failure due to stiction, and/or time it takes to find the lowest energy surfaces via trial and error. Surface energies are obtained using the van Oss equation based on the contact angle measurements, and surface energy can be used to show the relative adhesions between two surface pairs. An AFM pull-off test is performed using nano- and micro-sized tips to quantify the effect of the different surfaces on adhesion between the solid–solid surface pairs, including SiO2/PI, CFn/PI, CFn/SiO2 and CFn/CFn. The work of adhesion of the surface pairs is obtained using the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporotov (DMT) and Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theories. The surfaces treated with a C4F8/Ar plasma to form a CFn coating showed the least amount of surface adhesion. The CFn surface treatment effects on adhesion are quantified and correlated with the reduction in the opening pressure of the microvalve whose interfaces are coated with a CFn film. The AFM pull-off test was more closely related to adhesive forces between the surfaces of the valves as seen in the opening pressure data. The adhesion calculation based on the contact angle measurements predicts the adhesion force with a similar trend but does not take into account the meniscus forces.
A Procedural Model for Interactive Animation of Breaking Ocean Waves (2003)

This paper presents a procedural model for breaking ocean waves that is intended to be used for interactive\nvisualization. The movement as well as the appearance of the waves is modelled by a set of functions in\ndependence of time and space. This continuous surface description allowes it to calculate all properties of every\npoint (including foam) on the ocean surface at every time without any information from previous time steps. By\nusing an adaptive sampling sheme for rendering, the frame rate of the animation only depends on the screen\nresolution rather than on the model size. The model is quite simple, easy to implement, fast to compute and\nprovides a visual appealing interactive animation of infinite large ocean coast scenes. On the other hand it\nprovides only limited flexibility due to its procedural character. For achieving more realistic scene appearance, it\nmay also easily be combined with models for deep-water waves presented in the past.
Pseudonymization with Metadata Encryption for Privacy-Preserving Searchable Documents (2012)

The average costs of data leakage are steadily on the rise. As a consequence, several data security and access control mechanisms have been introduced, ranging from data encryption to intrusion detection or role-based access control, doing a great work in protecting sensitive information. However, the majority of these concepts are centrally controlled by administrators, who are one of the major threats to corporate security. This work presents a security protocol for data privacy that is strictly controlled by the data owner. Therefore, we integrate pseudonymization and encryption techniques to create a methodology that uses pseudonyms as access control mechanism, protects secret cryptographic keys by a layer-based security model, and provides privacy-preserving querying.
Neural Circuit Development in the Mammalian Cochlea (2012)

The organ of Corti, the sensory epithelium of the mammalian auditory system, uses afferent and efferent synapses for encoding auditory signals and top-down modulation of cochlear function. During development, the final precisely ordered sensorineural circuit is established following excessive formation of afferent and efferent synapses and subsequent refinement. Here, we review the development of innervation of the mouse organ of Corti and its regulation.
Parallelization of XPath queries using multi-core processors (2009)

In this study, we present experiences of parallelizing XPath queries using the Xalan XPath engine on shared-address space multi-core systems. For our evaluation, we consider a scenario where an XPath processor uses multiple threads to concurrently navigate and execute individual XPath queries on a shared XML document. Given the constraints of the XML execution and data models, we propose three strategies for parallelizing individual XPath queries: Data partitioning, Query partitioning, and Hybrid (query and data) partitioning. We experimentally evaluated these strategies on an x86 Linux multi-core system using a set of XPath queries, invoked on a variety of XML documents using the Xalan XPath APIs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed parallelization strategies work very effectively in practice; for a majority of XPath queries under evaluation, the execution performance scaled linearly as the number of threads was increased. Results also revealed the pros and cons of the different parallelization strategies for different XPath query patterns.
Personal cell therapy for interstitial cystitis with autologous stromal vascular fraction stem cells (2019)

Interstitial cystitis is a complex clinical problem that is known for its resistance to conventional therapies. SVF as an autologous personalized regenerative strategy shows good safety and efficacy and may potentially have a role in the mitigation of interstitial cystitis.
Mobility of the Lower Lumbar Spine After Posterolateral Fusion Determined by Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (1990)

To determine the time-table for intervertebral stabilization after posterolateral fusion without osteosynthesis in the lower lumbar spine, 11 patients with no previous spinal surgery and with fusion due to spondylolysisolisthesis Grade 1 to 2 or lumbar disc disorder/facet joint arthrosis were examined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) in supine and erect positions, and by conventional radiography for 1 year after surgery. In eight patients with osseous fusion radiographically, the sagittal and the vertical translations between the fused vertebral segments began to decrease after 3 to 6 months. However, the time for rigid fusion as defined by RSA varied between 3 months and 1 year, and in four patients sagittal/vertical translations of mostly less than 1 mm still persisted at 1 year postoperatively. In three patients with poor fusion radiographically, no rigid fusion as defined by RSA was obtained. Sagittal/vertical translations of 1 to 10 mm persisted at 1 year postoperatively in these patients. The preoperative pain disappeared in all patients except in one who had osseous fusion radiographically but persisting translations after 1 year.
DE-Based Reversible Data Hiding With Improved Overflow Location Map (2008)

For difference-expansion (DE)-based reversible data hiding, the embedded bit-stream mainly consists of two parts: one part that conveys the secret message and the other part that contains embedding information, including the 2-D binary (overflow) location map and the header file. The first part is the payload while the second part is the auxiliary information package for blind detection. To increase embedding capacity, we have to make the size of the second part as small as possible. Tian's classical DE method has a large auxiliary information package. Thodi mitigated the problem by using a payload-independent overflow location map. However, the compressibility of the overflow location map is still undesirable in some image types. In this paper, we focus on improving the overflow location map. We design a new embedding scheme that helps us construct an efficient payload-dependent overflow location map. Such an overflow location map has good compressibility. Our accurate capacity control capability also reduces unnecessary alteration to the image. Under the same image quality, the proposed algorithm often has larger embedding capacity. It performs well in different types of images, including those where other algorithms often have difficulty in acquiring good embedding capacity and high image quality.
Heparin inhibits neutrophil-induced platelet activation via cathepsin G. (1992)

Activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) induce platelet stimulation via cathepsin G (cat G), a platelet-activating cationic serine proteinase released from the azurophilic granules. Heparin inhibited up to 100% of aggregation and serotonin release triggered by 180 nmol/L of purified cat G in a concentration-dependent manner between 10 and 70 mU/ml. When tested against the enzymatic activity of 180 nmol/L cat G (hydrolysis of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide), inhibition by heparin never exceeded 60% (up to 100 U/ml). Inhibition was most probably related to electrostatic interactions between the cationic cat G and the anionic heparin, because addition of 180 mU/ml of protamine sulfate restored platelet activation. Low molecular weight heparin, CY 216, used between 5 and 50 mU/ml, also inhibited cat G-induced platelet activation. When purified PMNs and washed platelets were mixed together and challenged with a PMN agonist (FMLP at 1 mumol/L), platelet activation was observed. Pretreatment of the mixed cell population with 300 mU/ml heparin prevented platelet activation. This was illustrated by electron microscopy studies. The present data, apart from confirming a participation of cat G in the PMN-platelet interaction, bring evidence that heparin has potent antiproteinase effect in a biologic model.
Condensed thiophen ring systems. Part IX. Synthesis and some reactions of [1]benzothieno[3,2-c]cinnolines (1972)

[1]Benzothieno[3,2-c]cinnoline (1) and some of its derivatives are obtained (55–75% yields) when aqueous solutions of the diazonium chlorides derived from 2-(o-aminophenyl)benzo[b]thiophens are kept at room temperature. A number of reactions of compound (1) are reported.
X-ray nanotomography (2007)

Almost every area of science has been revolutionized by our ability to collect two-dimensional images of increasingly fine detail, ranging from radio signals of far-off solar systems, to high-resolution electron microscopy images. With the advent of digital image capture, tomography – the art of reconstructing a sliceable virtual three-dimensional copy of the object from two-dimensional images – is becoming increasingly popular across a range of imaging modalities and length scales. One area attracting a lot of attention is the area of submicron X-ray tomography, popularly dubbed X-ray nanotomography.
Internet technology based infrastructure for mobile multimedia services (2003)

The current wireless networks will not be able to cope with the expected growth in data and multimedia services in a flexible and cost-effective manner. This paper presents the wireless multimedia service opportunities. It includes a discussion on wireless multimedia services and their characterization. A practical model is given to estimate the diffusion of wireless multimedia services in the network. It discusses the benefits of using IP centric solutions for wireless, and the challenge of QoS and wireless mobility to make this IP centric solution realizable. It proposes network and service architecture solutions that combine the current wireless access standards into the core IP network. It also shows how an IP addressable terminal can be connected to this IP wireless network to make the multimedia service implementation simpler. If a convergence of the mobile and Internet technologies can be achieved, it would be a powerful force in realizing vast economies of scale and enabling a wireless lifestyle.
BEAM STEERING IN SMART ANTENNAS BY USING LOW COMPLEX ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS (2013)

Array antenna systems are often used to enhance the received signal to interference and noise ratio when the signal operates in heavily jammed environment. Proper modeling of the received data at different antenna elements is important when evaluating the performance of this system, especially when both the signal and interference have wide frequency bands.. The antenna output is the linear combination of data from all the antenna elements. In conventional narrowband beam forming, time sequences at different antenna elements are related by some fixed phase shift. The phase shift is determined by the wave forms direction of arrival (DOA).
Micro-four-point probe Hall effect measurement method (2008)

We report a new microscale Hall effect measurement method for characterization of semiconductor thin films without need for conventional Hall effect geometries and metal contact pads. We derive the electrostatic potential resulting from current flow in a conductive filamentary sheet with insulating barriers and with a magnetic field applied normal to the plane of the sheet. Based on this potential, analytical expressions for the measured four-point resistance in presence of a magnetic field are derived for several simple sample geometries. We show how the sheet resistance and Hall effect contributions may be separated using dual configuration measurements. The method differs from conventional van der Pauw measurements since the probe pins are placed in the interior of the sample region, not just on the perimeter. We experimentally verify the method by micro-four-point probe measurements on ultrashallow junctions in silicon and germanium. On a cleaved silicon ultrashallow junction sample we determine carrier mobility, sheet carrier density, and sheet resistance from micro-four-point probe measurements under various experimental conditions, and show with these conditions reproducibility within less than 1.5%.
On the design of genome mapping experiments using short synthetic oligonucleotides. (1992)

The DNA of an organism can be digested into smaller fragments, stored individually as clones in phage, for example, to create a clone library, and retrieved later, when needed. The original ordering of fragments is lost in the process of creating the library. Hence, it is important to be able to place clones in order according to their position along chromosome(s), and this process is referred to as "in vitro reconstruction" or "contig mapping" of an organismal genome. Clones in the phage library can be assigned binary call numbers by scoring each clone for hybridization (0 or 1) with a battery of short manufactured DNA sequences called synthetic oligonucleotides or with restriction enzyme digests of each clone. Those clones with similar call numbers are placed close together in the ordered library. We address the design question of how many clones and probes to use to carry out in vitro reconstruction of an organism's chromosomes. This physical mapping problem is placed in the context of coverage problems in geometrical probability. Various statistics are developed to summarize how an ordered library covers a chromosome, the extent of clone overlap, and the similarity between clone call numbers. Several tests for whether clones overlap are given, together with their power properties. A simulation study is used to determine how robust some of the tests for clone overlap are to model violations. Tables are presented for researchers to choose the number of clones and probes on the basis of both power and technical considerations surrounding the hybridization experiments.
A 10-bit linearity current-controlled ring oscillator with rolling regulation for smart sensing (2017)

This paper presents a highly linear current-controlled ring-oscillator (CCRO) circuit for current-to-frequency ADC in smart sensing. The proposed CCRO topology employs a distributed regulation of the oscillator rail voltage for lowering its sensitivity with respect to the controlling input current. The use of a current conveyor for this purpose ensures the stability of the current-steering control loop together with low-area and low-power overheads. A practical circuit design example is supplied in 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology consisting on a 10-bit 100-kS/s ADC without the need of any digital calibration nor postcompensation technique.