gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel role of cannabinoid receptor 2 in inhibiting EGF/EGFR and IGF-I/IGF-IR pathways in breast cancer (2016)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2 or CB2) is an integral part of the endocannabinoid system. Although CNR2 is highly expressed in the breast cancer tissues as well as breast cancer cell lines, its functional role in breast tumorigenesis is not well understood. We observed that estrogen receptor-α negative (ERα-) breast cancer cells highly express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). We also observed IGF-IR upregulation in ERα+ breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that higher CNR2 expression correlates with better recurrence free survival in ERα- and ERα+ breast cancer patients. Therefore, we analyzed the role of CNR2 specific agonist (JWH-015) on EGF and/or IGF-I-induced tumorigenic events in ERα- and ERα+ breast cancers. Our studies showed that CNR2 activation inhibited EGF and IGF-I-induced migration and invasion of ERα+ and ERα- breast cancer cells. At the molecular level, JWH-015 inhibited EGFR and IGF-IR activation and their downstream targets STAT3, AKT, ERK, NF-kB and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In vivo studies showed that JWH-015 significantly reduced breast cancer growth in ERα+ and ERα- breast cancer mouse models. Furthermore, we found that the tumors derived from JWH-015-treated mice showed reduced activation of EGFR and IGF-IR and their downstream targets. In conclusion, we show that CNR2 activation suppresses breast cancer through novel mechanisms by inhibiting EGF/EGFR and IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling axes.
Presence of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in the bone and nonostotic lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (2005)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease that can involve one or multiple organ systems characterized by an accumulation of CD1a(+) Langerhans-like cells as well as several other myeloid cell types. The precise origin and role of one of these populations, the multinucleated giant cell (MGC), in this disease remains unknown. This work shows that in three different lesional tissues, bone, skin, and lymph node, the MGCs expressed the characteristic osteoclast markers, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and vitronectin receptor, as well as the enzymes cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Although, in bone lesions, the osteoclast-like MGCs were only CD68(+), in the nonostotic sites, they coexpressed CD1a. The presence of osteoclast-like MGCs may be explained by the production of osteoclast-inducing cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor by both the CD1a(+) LCH cells and T cells in these lesions. As osteoclast-derived enzymes play a major role in tissue destruction, the osteoclast-like nature of MGCs in all LCH lesions makes them a potential target for the treatment of this disease.
Human tonsil <i>B</i> - <i>cell lymphoma 6</i> ( <i>BCL6</i> )-expressing CD4 <sup>+</sup> T-cell subset specialized for B-cell help outside germinal centers (2011)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells represent a Th subset engaged in the help of B-cell responses in germinal centers (GCs). Tfh cells abundantly express the transcription repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), a factor that is necessary and sufficient for their development in vivo. Whether Tfh or Tfh-committed cells are involved in the help of B cells outside GCs remains unclear, particularly in humans. In this study, we identified a previously undefined BCL6-expressing CD4(+) T-cell subset in human tonsils. This subset expressed IL-7 receptor and chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and inducible costimulator (ICOS) at low levels (CXCR5(lo)ICOS(lo)), and it was found exclusively outside GCs. CXCR5(lo)ICOS(lo) CD4(+) T cells secreted larger amounts of IL-21 and IL-10 than CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) GC-Tfh cells upon activation, and they induced proliferation and differentiation of naïve B cells into Ig-producing cells more efficiently than GC-Tfh cells. However, this subset lacked the capacity to help GC-B cells because of the induction of apoptosis of GC-B cells through the FAS/FAS-ligand interaction. CXCR5(lo)ICOS(lo) CD4(+) T cells expressed equivalent amounts of BCL6 transcript with CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) GC-Tfh cells, but they expressed less Bcl6 protein. Collectively, our study indicates that CXCR5(lo)ICOS(lo) CD4(+) T cells in human tonsils represent Tfh lineage-committed cells that provide help to naïve and memory B cells outside GCs.
Demonstration of SDN-based orchestration for multi-domain Segment Routing networks (2016)

This work demonstrates a hierarchical control plane architecture for Software Defined Networking (SDN)-based Segment Routing (SR) in multi-domain networks. An orchestrator application, on top of multiple open source SDN controllers, creates a hierarchical control plane architecture using northbound RESTFul APIs of controllers. The orchestrator has control, visibility and traffic engineering capabilities to manage multi-domain SR service creation. Standard southbound interfaces with proper SR extensions are exploited to manage SR tunnels in the MPLS data plane.
An Extension Educator Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (2019)

Research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has garnered a great deal of attention and is increasingly used to demonstrate the negative impact of stressful and traumatic childhood experiences on psychological and physical health. ACEs have become a focus of local and state organizations and coalitions concerned about the well-being of children and their families, resulting in a growing number of Extension professionals becoming involved in these initiatives. In this article we provide an overview and analysis of seminal and more recent ACEs research and offer suggestions about where an understanding of and response to ACEs might fit into the work of Extension educators.
From simultaneous shooting to blended acquisition (2008)

Seismic acquisition surveys are designed such that the time interval between shots is sufficiently large to avoid the tail of the previous source response to interfere with the next one (zero overlap in time). To economize on survey time and processing effort, the current compromise is to keep the number of shots to some acceptable minimum. The result is that the source domain is poorly sampled. In this paper it is proposed to abandon the condition of non‐overlapping shot records. Instead, a plea is made to move to densely sampled and wide‐azimuth source distributions with relatively small time intervals between shots (‘blended acquisition’). The underlying rationale is that interpolating missing shot records, i.e., generating data that have not been recorded (aliasing problem), is much harder than separating the data of overlapping shot records (interference problem). In this paper we summarize the principle of blended acquisition and show how to process blended data. Two processing routes can be followed: reconstructing the unblended data (‘deblending’) followed by conventional processing, or directly processing the blended measurements. Both approaches will be described and illustrated with numerical examples. A theoretical framework is presented that enables the design of blended 3D seismic surveys.
Synthesis of Vesicles on Polymer Template (2002)

Reactive single-tail cationic surfactants self-assemble on the anionic block copolymer templates. These systems spontaneously arrange in small vesicles of nanoscale size. The vesicles are further stabilized by dimerization of the assembled surfactant monomers forming double-tail surfactants bound to the block copolymer. The resulting systems are resistant to changes in environmental characteristics such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature variations. Hydrophilic macromolecules can be encapsulated in the internal aqueous volume of these vesicles. The simplicity of the preparation makes these systems promising as drug and gene delivery carriers.
Development of an ionomer tracer for extruder residence time distribution experiments (1989)

Abstract A polymeric tracer was developed from the tributylamine salt of lightly sulfonated polystyrene. The residence time distribution (RTD) measured for the extrusion of polystyrene with this tracer was compared with that measured using conventional particulate tracers, In general, the particulate tracers had a longer mean residence time and a broader RTD, which were attributed to increased mixing of the particulates.
100Base-T/IEEE 802.12/packet switching (1996)

Three LAN technologies look set to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for LAN bandwidth. Two of these technologies are 100 Mb/s shared-medium LANs: 100Base-T (aka IEEE 802.3 Fast Ethernet) and IEEE 802.12 (aka 100VG-AnyLAN or 100VG). The third technology is packet switching, which is really an extension of existing LAN bridge technology, but offers excellent performance gains at very low cost. The authors describe the three technologies and provide a comparison between the two 100 Mb/s LANs. Also presented are results that compare the measured performance of 100 Mb/s shared-medium LANs with switched LANs.
Protective Effect of Glutathione (GSH) over Glutathione Monoethyl-Ester (GSH-E) on Cold Preservation of Isolated Rat Liver Cells (1995)

Hepatocyte suspensions provide a rapid method to determine how hypothermic storage affects liver cell metabolism and viability. We investigated whether reduced Glutathione (GSH) inclusion into a modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution, has a protective effect over Glutathione derivatives, such as Glutathione-monoethylester (GSH-E), when suspensions of hepatocytes are cold stored for several days. Isolated rat liver cells were cold preserved 96 h in UW, UW plus 3 mM GSH and UW plus 3 mM GSHE. During the cold storage, not significant changes in cell viability were observed, but the total Glutathione content was higher in systems with extracellular GSH over those with GSH-E or without. After cold storage, the liver cells were gently resuspended in Krebs-Henseleit — 1% Albumin and used for 120 min of normothermic (37°C) incubation. We evaluate the functional response of the cells measuring the exclusion of Trypan Blue (TBE). This response was clearly different in preserved cells in presence of GSH. These results indicate a protective role of extracellular Glutathione, due to an accumulation of it, rather than the derivative, for hepatic cell during the cold storage in UW solutions. And also, it is possible to extend experiments with hepatocytes from a single cell isolation over 4 or more consecutive days
Detecting and Resolving Firewall Policy Anomalies (2012)

The advent of emerging computing technologies such as service-oriented architecture and cloud computing has enabled us to perform business services more efficiently and effectively. However, we still suffer from unintended security leakages by unauthorized actions in business services. Firewalls are the most widely deployed security mechanism to ensure the security of private networks in most businesses and institutions. The effectiveness of security protection provided by a firewall mainly depends on the quality of policy configured in the firewall. Unfortunately, designing and managing firewall policies are often error prone due to the complex nature of firewall configurations as well as the lack of systematic analysis mechanisms and tools. In this paper, we represent an innovative policy anomaly management framework for firewalls, adopting a rule-based segmentation technique to identify policy anomalies and derive effective anomaly resolutions. In particular, we articulate a grid-based representation technique, providing an intuitive cognitive sense about policy anomaly. We also discuss a proof-of-concept implementation of a visualization-based firewall policy analysis tool called Firewall Anomaly Management Environment (FAME). In addition, we demonstrate how efficiently our approach can discover and resolve anomalies in firewall policies through rigorous experiments.
Rapid Turnover of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 3 by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Defines a Novel Paradigm of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation during Cellular Differentiation (2003)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are stable enzymes that are mainly regulated by phosphorylation and subcellular targeting. Here we report that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3), unlike other MAP kinases, is an unstable protein that is constitutively degraded in proliferating cells with a half-life of 30 min. The proteolysis of ERK3 is executed by the proteasome and requires ubiquitination of the protein. Contrary to other protein kinases, the catalytic activity of ERK3 is not responsible for its short half-life. Instead, analysis of ERK1/ERK3 chimeras revealed the presence of two destabilization regions (NDR1 and -2) in the N-terminal lobe of the ERK3 kinase domain that are both necessary and sufficient to target ERK3 and heterologous proteins for proteasomal degradation. To assess the physiological relevance of the rapid turnover of ERK3, we monitored the expression of the kinase in different cellular models of differentiation. We observed that ERK3 markedly accumulates during differentiation of PC12 and C2C12 cells into the neuronal and muscle lineage, respectively. The accumulation of ERK3 during myogenic differentiation is associated with the time-dependent stabilization of the protein. Terminal skeletal muscle differentiation is accompanied by cell cycle withdrawal. Interestingly, we found that expression of stabilized forms of ERK3 causes G(1) arrest in NIH 3T3 cells. We propose that ERK3 biological activity is regulated by its cellular abundance through the control of protein stability.
High-Enthalpy Hydrogen Adsorption in Cation-Exchanged Variants of the Microporous Metal−Organic Framework Mn<sub>3</sub>[(Mn<sub>4</sub>Cl)<sub>3</sub>(BTT)<sub>8</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>10</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (2007)

Exchange of the guest Mn2+ ions in Mn3[(Mn4Cl)3(BTT)8(CH3OH)10]2 (1-Mn2+; BTT=1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate) with selected cations results in the formation of isostructural framework compounds 1-M (M=Li+, Cu+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+). Similar to the parent compound, the new microporous materials are stable to desolvation and exhibit a high H2 storage capacity, ranging from 2.00 to 2.29 wt % at 77 K and 900 torr. Measurements of the isosteric heat of adsorption at zero coverage reveal a difference of 2 kJ/mol between the weakest and strongest H2-binding materials, which is attributed to variations in the strength of interaction between H2 molecules and unsaturated metal centers within each framework. The Co2+-exchanged compound, 1-Co2+, exhibits an initial enthalpy of adsorption of 10.5 kJ/mol, the highest yet observed for a microporous metal-organic framework.
Fetal echocardiography: <i>z</i>‐score reference ranges for a large patient population (2009)

Development of reliable z-scores is possible for common fetal echocardiographic parameters by applying statistical methods that are based on a large sample size and weighted regression of absolute residuals in order to minimize the effect of heteroscedasticity. These normative ranges should be especially useful for the detection and monitoring of suspected fetal cardiac size and growth abnormalities.
Multiple light scattering from concentrated, interacting suspensions (1990)

The effects of short-range interparticle correlations on the multiple scattering of light in colloidal suspensions are studied. Our measurements, and comparisons with theory, of the transport mean free path and the width of the coherent backscattering cone demonstrate the validity of the diffusion approximation of light in correlated suspensions. Dynamic multiple-light-scattering measurements allow determination of the short-time self-diffusion constant of the spheres. The data agree with hydrodynamic theory up to 45% volume fraction with no adjustable parameters.
Using Machine Learning for Data-Based Assessing of the Aircraft Fuel Economy (2019)

Weight, lift, drag and thrust are the key forces during flight influencing the consumption characteristics of an aircraft. Monitoring the aircraft's fuel consumption allows statements to be made about the aircraft performance and flight efficiency. Here, valuations with regard to a propulsive or an aerodynamic degrading as well as procedural benefits are of interest for aircraft operators and airlines. Conventional data analyses and calculation methods (ex post), e. g. via physical models or statistical metrics like median or mean, have the disadvantage of not being able to quantify influencing parameters on the fuel economy accurately enough in many cases. A more precise method, which allows statements and assessments (diagnoses based on historical flight data) and estimations (prognoses based on estimated model inputs) on the aircraft fuel consumption, would be desirable to detect aircraft fuel and flight (in)efficiencies under real flight operational and environmental conditions. In this respect, a reliable trade off would be desirable in order to avoid uneconomical modeling effort and reduce expenses concerning data procurement. This paper is in the scope of an application-oriented machine learning method development. For this reason, the present work deals with algorithms of machine learning, which can exceed current methods, especially for complex tasks with multivariate interdependencies. Ensembles of bagged decision trees for regression and classification purposes, as well as hierarchical cluster analyses applied on full flight data records from flight operations. Thus, the paper addresses two objectives and provides first approaches for: modeling of route, environment and aircraft (tail sign) specific characteristics for feasible fuel flow predictions on the one hand (diagnosis and prognosis in the field of data science); data-based analyses and quantification of influencing factors on the fuel economy to identify routes and anomalous flights on the other hand (data mining, pattern recognition). The latter, thus, aims at an improvement of reporting and the derivation of recommendations for actions for future flight profiles. Finally, the analysis capability of the concept is shown with first results for two analysis questions with three examples, evaluated based on an analysis with sample flight data provided by NASA Dashlink. To proof and evaluate the applicability of this method, a benchmark is also presented by using an available (physical) performance model and statistical metrics.
NAB1 Is an RNA Binding Protein Involved in the Light-Regulated Differential Expression of the Light-Harvesting Antenna of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2005)

Photosynthetic organisms respond to changes in ambient light by modulating the size and composition of their light-harvesting complexes, which in the case of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii consists of >15 members of a large extended family of chlorophyll binding subunits. How their expression is coordinated is unclear. Here, we describe the analysis of an insertion mutant, state transitions mutant3 (stm3), which we show has increased levels of LHCBM subunits associated with the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II. The mutated nuclear gene in stm3 encodes the RNA binding protein NAB1 (for putative nucleic acid binding protein). In vitro and in vivo RNA binding and protein expression studies have confirmed that NAB1 differentially binds to LHCBM mRNA in a subpolysomal high molecular weight RNA-protein complex. Binding of NAB1 stabilizes LHCBM mRNA at the preinitiation level via sequestration and thereby represses translation. The specificity and affinity of binding are determined by an RNA sequence motif similar to that used by the Xenopus laevis translation repressor FRGY2, which is conserved to varying degrees in the LHCBM gene family. We conclude from our results that NAB1 plays an important role in controlling the expression of the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II at the posttranscriptional level. The similarity of NAB1 and FRGY2 of Xenopus implies the existence of similar RNA-masking systems in animals and plants.
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 5.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (2017)

This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) focuses on targeted therapies and immunotherapies for metastatic NSCLC, because therapeutic recommendations are rapidly changing for metastatic disease. For example, new recommendations were added for atezolizumab, ceritinib, osimertinib, and pembrolizumab for the 2017 updates.
Hydroxychloroquine Compared with Placebo in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1993)

Hydroxychloroquine is moderately effective in early rheumatoid arthritis.
Development of B‐Genome Chromosome Addition Lines of <i>B. napus</i> Using Different Interspecific <i>Brassica</i> Hybrids (1991)

Abstract By interspecific hybridization within the genus Brassica , trigenomic haploids were produced and back‐crossed four times with B. napus , variety ‘Andor’. From this material, monosomic B‐genome chromosome addition lines were selected with the extra chromosome derived from three different B‐genome sources, i.e., B. nigra (BB), B. carinata (BBCC), and B. juncea (AABB). After selfing and/or microspore culture, disomic addition lines were obtained. Meiotic behavior was studied of the trigenomic hybrids, the pentaploid BC 1 plants, and the monosomic addition lines. The addition lines were shown to possess cytological stability and good fertility.
Effects of shielded-gate structure on on-resistance of the SIT with a high-purity channel region (1992)

A shielded-gate structure, is proposed to improve the on-resistance of the static induction transistor (SIT) with a high-purity channel. The results of two-dimensional simulation reveal that the introduction of this structure can reduce the on-resistance of the high-purity channel SIT as well as support sufficient depletion in the channel at a small reverse gate voltage to ensure the static induction operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aggressive Therapy With Intravenous Abciximab and Intra-Arterial rtPA and Additional PTA/Stenting Improves Clinical Outcome in Acute Vertebrobasilar Occlusion (2005)

Combined therapy of intravenous Abciximab and half dose intra-arterial rtPA with additional PTA/stenting appears to improve neurologic outcome in acute vertebrobasilar occlusion despite an increase of overall bleeding complications.
Identification of interleukin-2 receptor-associated tyrosine kinase p116 as novel leukocyte-specific Janus kinase. (1994)

Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) has recently been linked to signal transduction by cytokine receptors of the hematopoietin family. We have recently described a 116-kDa tyrosine kinase (p116) present in interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor complexes in human YT cells that showed functional characteristics of a JAK kinase. These included receptor association, rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation kinetics in response to ligand, and in vitro autophosphorylating tyrosine kinase activity (Kirken, R. A., Rui, H., Evans, G. A., and Farrar, W. L. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22765-22770). Here we extend these observations by demonstrating structural homologies between IL-2-modulated p116 and prolactin-modulated JAK2 in the rat T cell line Nb2. These include similar net charge as determined by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrofocusing and related primary structure based upon phosphopeptide mapping of V8 protease-digested hyperphosphorylated proteins. This putative JAK kinase underwent marked tyrosine phosphorylation in response to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7, lymphoid growth factors that use the common IL-2 receptor gamma-chain, but not in response to prolactin. Furthermore, polyclonal antisera to JAK1, JAK2, or tyrosine kinase 2 did not recognize either rat or human p116. However, we identified the IL-2-modulated p116 as the recently cloned novel leukocyte Janus kinase, L-JAK, using an antiserum to a peptide corresponding to the COOH terminus of human L-JAK.