gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tubular optical waveguide-based particle plasmon resonance biosensor for label-free and real-time detection (2011)

A novel tubular optical waveguide-based particle plasmon resonance (TOW-PPR) device for chemical and biochemical sensing is presented. The sensor is based on intensity measurement of consecutive total internal reflections (TIRs) along the wall of the gold nanoparticles-modified glass vial at a fixed wavelength from a miniaturized light emitting diode (LED). The extinction cross-section of self-assembled gold nanoparticles on the inner wall surface of a tubular glass vial changes with different refractive indexes (RIs) of surroundings in the vicinity of nanoparticles. In comparison with other evanescent wave based optical sensors, the TOW-PPR sensor possesses merits of being a wavelength-selectable optical waveguide sensor to fit application needs, microchamber of a defined sample volume, and itself of being a mechanical support for sensor coatings. The sensor resolution is estimated to be 2.7x10-6 RIU in measuring solutions of various RIs ranging from 1.343 to 1.403 obtained by dissolving sucrose in ultrapure water with a concentration between 6.8% and 41.7%. Moreover, the TOW-PPR microchamber was chemically modified with N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid (DNP, MW = 297.27 Da) and has been shown to be able to detect different concentration of anti-dinitrophenyl antibody (anti-DNP, MW = 220 kDa) in buffer solutions. From corresponding calibrations, a detection limit of 1.21x10-10 g/ml by DNP-functionalized TOW-PPR sensor chip for anti-DNP detection is demonstrated. The device can be simply and inexpensively fabricated, and therefore is ideally suitable for disposable plasmonic sensors, especially promising for high-throughput biochemical sensing applications.
The calcium-sensing receptor and the hallmarks of cancer (2015)

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. The CaSR is ubiquitously expressed, implying a wide range of functions regulated by this receptor. Abnormal CaSR function affects the development of both calciotropic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, and non-calciotropic disorders such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, which are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The CaSR is able to bind a plethora of ligands; it interacts with multiple G protein subtypes, and regulates highly divergent downstream signalling pathways, depending on the cellular context. The CaSR is a key regulator for such diverse processes as hormone secretion, gene expression, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to this pleiotropy, the CaSR is able to regulate cell fate and is implicated in the development of many types of benign or malignant tumours of the breast, prostate, parathyroid, and colon. In cancer, the CaSR appears to have paradoxical roles, and depending on the tissue involved, it is able to prevent or promote tumour growth. In tissues like the parathyroid or colon, the CaSR inhibits proliferation and induces terminal differentiation of the cells. Therefore, loss of the receptor, as seen in colorectal or parathyroid tumours, confers malignant potential, suggestive of a tumour suppressor role. In contrast, in prostate and breast tumours the expression of the CaSR is increased and it seems that it favours metastasis to the bone, acting as an oncogene. Deciphering the molecular mechanism driving the CaSR in the different tissues could lead to development of new allosteric drug compounds that selectively target the CaSR and have therapeutic potential for cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium and Cell Fate. Guest Editors: Jacques Haiech, Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, Thierry Capiod and Olivier Mignen.
The effects of echinatin and its related compounds on the mitochondrial energy transfer reaction. (1982)

To investigate the mechanism by which various biological action of licorice root are brought about, the effects of echinatin as a small constituent of Glycyrrhiza echinata and several related compounds on mitochondrial energy transfer reactions were examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Echinatin, 4'-hydroxychalcone, chalcone and 3,4'-dihydroxychalcone at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2) Chalcone and 4'-hydroxychalcone stimulate both latent and DNP-ATPase activity of mitochondria. Echinatin inhibits DNP-ATPase activity while stimulating range latent ATPase activity in the low concentration. 3) Chalcone and 4'-hydroxychalcone induce a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles, while echinatin and 3,4'-dihydroxychalcone have lesser effect than the former two substances. From these results, it can be concluded that echinatin and several related compounds disturb the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability.
Fault Detection with Bayesian Network (2008)

In this chapter, we show that a bayesian network can be an efficient way to diagnose a fault in multivariate processes. We have selected two statistical fault detection techniques (the T 2 chart and the MEWMA chart) and we have demonstrated that these charts can be viewed as a discriminant analysis and so can be implemented in a simple bayesian network. As the efficiency of bayesian network for the diagnosis of systems has already been demonstrated (Verron et al., 2006; Verron et al., 2007), the evident outlook of this work is the full study of the use of bayesian network in order to monitor and control a multivariate process (detection and diagnosis in the same network).
In-room assessment of intravascular velocity from time-resolved rotational angiography in patients with arteriovenous malformation: a pilot study (2017)

TDC waveform propagation derived from t-RA can quantify hemodynamic differences between AVM and the control group. t-RA provides both real-time anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation, and can thus potentially improve the interventional workflow.
“Pileated Woodpecker,” <i>American Ornithology; or the Natural History of the Birds of the United States</i> (1801) (2012)

This American species is the second in size among his tribe, and may be styled the great northern chief of the woodpeckers, though, in fact, his range extends over the whole of the United States from the interior of Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. He is very numerous in the Gennesee country, and in all the tracts of high timbered forests, particularly in the neighbourhood of our large rivers, where he is noted for making a loud and almost incessant cackling before wet weather; flying at such times in a restless uneasy manner from tree to tree, making the woods echo to his outcry. In Pennsylvania and the northern states he is called the black woodcock; in the southern states, the logcock. Almost every old trunk in the forest where he resides bears the marks of his chisel. Wherever he perceives a tree beginning to decay, he examines it round and round with great skill and dexterity, strips off the bark in sheets of five or six feet in length, to get at the hidden cause of the disease, and labours with a gaiety and activity really surprising. I have seen him separate the greatest part of the bark from a large dead pine tree, for twenty or thirty feet, in less than a quarter of an hour. Whether engaged in flying from tree to tree, in digging, climbing, or barking, he seems perpetually in a hurry.
Some Patterns for Insurance Systems (1998)

Building flexible insurance systems that allow short product release cycles is a challenge for many insurance firms. Despite the huge market and the many projects that do near identical things these projects are still a little bit like black magic. There’s virtually no literature around on the topic. This paper provides a collection of patterns that help explain the basic forces and solutions for the design of product driven insurance systems.
Multi-Tasking Valve MTV Technology Optimizing Operations for Challenging ICD's Liner Installation in ADMA-OPCO, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2016)

Abstract Inflow Control Device's (ICD's) are gaining popularity in providing solutions to permeability variance in heterogeneous reservoirs together with water breakthrough occurrences. However, the installation of these devices requires the success of a series of critical operational steps. The MTV feature of the ICD liner allows combination and simplification of these steps ultimately optimizing the installing operation in a challenging ICD liner in ADMA-OPCO. The installation process essentially requires the top of liner packer to be set followed by zonal isolation packers while allowing the 18 ICD's to be opened after installation. A closed loop for pressure application is needed to set the liner packers consequently requiring a second run for the open pathway in the ICD's. MTV technology allows the ICD to be run in the open position while allowing a closed loop for pressure application therefore saving an extra run, reducing risks and increasing overall operational efficiency. A single run executed ensured packers were set to secure the liner in place and that there was no requisite for a separate run thus eliminating the risk for the shifting tool to accidentally open/close the ICD's pathway due to a challenging closely spaced liner configuration. Production Logging Tool (PLT) assessment confirmed the objective of equalizing the reservoirs and providing isolation via packers thus allowing a high permeability zone to accept less volume of water was achieved having closely comparable design injectivity targets. Besides zero Non-Productive Time (NPT) for this operation, a recognizable savings was realized both in cost and risk reduction. Extensive multi-disciplinary meetings, several site visits, workshop, risk assessment, excellent communication and on site supervision are the main contributors to the success of this operation. This success encourage the onset of several other wells being pursued using this MTV technology for ICD's in ADMA-OPCO's field. This MTV technology application has proven its worth as a continuous improvement tool to alleviate previous situations in ADMA-OPCO, thus demonstrating to rise as a pioneer for ICD design. We continue to investigate for our future wells a circulation sub to add additional capability in our ICD liner installation operations.
Application of lignin‐modified phenolic resins to brake friction material (2012)

Abstract Lignin‐modified phenolic resin (LPF) is prepared from methanol‐soluble lignin by polymer blend methods (solvent blend and in situ polymerization) for application to environment‐friendly brake friction material. The chemical structure of LPF is characterized by 13 C NMR, and TMA and DSC analyses are conducted to evaluate the thermal behaviors. Flexural tests and brake dynamometer tests of samples prepared from LPF by compression molding are carried out, and the results are compared with those for the samples prepared from commercial phenolic resin (PF). Results of the flexural test show that the addition of methanol‐soluble lignin by solvent blend polymerization decreases the flexural strength. In contrast, in situ polymerized LPF exhibits flexural strength equivalent to that of PF. Results of the brake dynamometer test show that replacement of PF with methanol‐soluble lignin increases the fade resistance of the brake friction material at elevated temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
<title>Depolarized single-mode fiber optic gyroscope</title> (1996)

In this paper, a new type of depolarized fiber optic gyroscope is described. Sensing coil is constructed by single-mode optical fiber with 200 meters length and 70 mm wounding diameter. A superluminescent diode source is used to reduce both the coherent scattering effect and Kerr effect. Two depolarizers with 1.0 percent degree of polarization and one polarizer with 40dB extinction ratio were used to reduce the output bias drift and improve the scale factor stability. A specially designed PZT phase modulator is used to suppress the AM noise. Under laboratory environment, the zero point error of 1.5 degrees/hr over seven hours with one second time constant and 700 ppm scale factor with +/- 100 degrees/sec maximum rotating rate were achieved for this depolarized I-FOG.
A novel cloning strategy for one-step assembly of multiplex CRISPR vectors (2018)

One key advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in comparison with other gene editing approaches lies in its potential for multiplexing. Here, we describe an elaborate procedure that allows the assembly of multiple gRNA expression cassettes into a vector of choice within a single step, termed ASAP(Adaptable System for Assembly of multiplexed Plasmids)-cloning. We demonstrate the utility of ASAP-cloning for multiple CRISPR-mediated applications, including efficient multiplex gene editing, robust transcription activation and convenient analysis of Cas9 activity in the presence of multiple gRNAs.
Effects of protease inhibitors on levels of proteolytic activity in normal and premalignant cells and tissues (1995)

Our studies utilizing different types of protease inhibitors as anticarcinogenic agents in in vivo and in vitro systems have recently been reviewed. These studies suggest that the protease inhibitors which prevent carcinogenesis affect processes in the early stages of carcinogenesis, although they can be effective at long time periods after carcinogen exposure in both in vitro and in vivo systems. While there is strong evidence that these protease inhibitors can affect both the initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis, they have no effect on already transformed cells. Our results have suggested that the first event in carcinogenesis is a high frequency epigenetic event and that a later event, presumably genetic, leads to the malignant state. Protease inhibitors appear capable of reversing the initiating event, presumably by stopping an ongoing cellular process begun by carcinogen exposure. The major lines of investigation on the mechanism of the protease inhibitor suppression of carcinogenesis relate to the ability of anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors to affect the expression of certain oncogenes, and the levels of certain types of proteolytic activities. The anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors have no observable effects on normal cells, but can reverse carcinogen-induced cellular changes for several different end-points studied. The most direct method of determining the mechanism of action of the anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors is to identify and characterize the proteases with which they interact. In the cells of the in vivo and in vitro systems in which protease inhibitors can prevent carcinogenesis, only a few proteases have been observed to interact with the anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors. Proteases have been identified by both substrate hydrolysis and affinity chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interaction of <i>meso</i>-1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid with Phosphorus-Containing Catalysts for Esterification Cross-Linking of Cellulose (1996)

In the presence of catalysts, polycarboxylic acids such as meso-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) can cross-link cellulose in a process believed to involve cyclic anhydrides as intermediates. This study was undertaken to explore, in the absence of cellulose, interactions between catalysts and polycarboxylic acids that might explain the catalysts' role. Aqueous solutions containing equimolar amounts of BTCA and a catalyst (NaH2PO4 or NaH2PO2) were evaporated to constant weight. The residues were subjected to thermal analysis and to infrared spectroscopic analysis after heating. As the BTCA−NaH2PO4 residue was heated, the BTCA remained complexed with phosphate until a monoanhydride formedthe same monoanhydride that formed when BTCA alone was heated to a higher temperature. In the BTCA−NaH2PO2 system an anhydride apparently formed at an even lower temperature than in the phosphate-containing system but then reacted with the hypophosphite.
Selectivity of Human TLR9 for Double CpG Motifs and Implications for the Recognition of Genomic DNA (2017)

TLR9 acts as a first-line host defense against pathogens recognizing DNA comprising unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacteria and viruses. Species- and sequence-specific recognition differences were demonstrated for TLR9 receptors. Activation of human (h)TLR9 requires a pair of closely positioned CpG motifs within oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), whereas mouse TLR9 is effectively activated by an ODN with a single CpG motif. Molecular model-directed mutagenesis identified two regions, site A and site B, as important for receptor activation. Amino acid residues Gln<sup>346</sup> and Arg<sup>348</sup> within site A contribute to the sequence-specific recognition by hTLR9 in determining the bias for two appropriately spaced CpG motifs within immunostimulatory ODNs. Mutation of Gln<sup>562</sup> at site B, in combination with Gln<sup>346</sup> and Arg<sup>348</sup> mutations of mouse counterparts, increased activation of hTLR9 by mouse-specific ODN, mammalian genomic DNA, and bacterial DNA. We propose that the double CpG motif sequence-specificity of hTLR9 results in decreased activation by ODNs with a lower frequency of CpG motifs, such as from mammalian genomic DNA, which increases hTLR9 selectivity for pathogen versus host DNA.
ANALGESIC ACTION IN A SERIES OF TV‐SUBSTITUTED ETHYL 4‐PHENYLPIPERIDINE‐4‐CARBOXYLATES (1956)

Following the synthesis of pethidine by Eisleb and Schaumann (1939), a large number of its analogues have been tested for analgesic potency. The present series, synthesized by R.
Alkylamides from Echinacea Are a New Class of Cannabinomimetics (2006)

Alkylamides (alkamides) from Echinacea modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in human monocytes/macrophages via the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor (Gertsch, J., Schoop, R., Kuenzle, U., and Suter, A. (2004) FEBS Lett. 577, 563-569). Here we show that the alkylamides dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (A1) and dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (A2) bind to the CB2 receptor more strongly than the endogenous cannabinoids. The Ki values of A1 and A2 (CB2 approximately 60 nM; CB1 >1500 nM) were determined by displacement of the synthetic high affinity cannabinoid ligand [3H]CP-55,940. Molecular modeling suggests that alkylamides bind in the solvent-accessible cavity in CB2, directed by H-bonding and pi-pi interactions. In a screen with 49 other pharmacologically relevant receptors, it could be shown that A1 and A2 specifically bind to CB2 and CB1. A1 and A2 elevated total intracellular Ca2+ in CB2-positive but not in CB2-negative promyelocytic HL60 cells, an effect that was inhibited by the CB2 antagonist SR144528. At 50 nM, A1, A2, and the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (CB2 Ki >200 nM) up-regulated constitutive interleukin (IL)-6 expression in human whole blood in a seemingly CB2-dependent manner. A1, A2, anandamide, the CB2 antagonist SR144528 (Ki <10 nM), and also the non-CB2-binding alkylamide undeca-2E-ene,8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide all significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-12p70 expression (5-500 nM) in a CB2-independent manner. Alkylamides and anandamide also showed weak differential effects on anti-CD3-versus anti-CD28-stimulated cytokine expression in human whole blood. Overall, alkylamides, anandamide, and SR144528 potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human whole blood and exerted modulatory effects on cytokine expression, but these effects are not exclusively related to CB2 binding.
Considerations in Establishing Efficient Grain Marketing Systems in Liberalizing Economies (1994)

As a parastatal or government-directed grain marketing system is collapsed during a transition to a private-sector system, it may not be replaced automatically by the private sector and the provision of critical marketing services can be interrupted. As an aid to development officials encouraging private-sector systems, this paper lists the main physical and institutional components of an efficient grain marketing system and discusses policy considerations affecting the realization of selected components. Examples from developed and developing economies are used to illustrate the important role of government in private-sector dominated systems.
Development of instrumentation to capture unsteady &amp; flutter phenomena in the fan rotors of Gas Turbine Engines (2011)

A prototype three stage axial fan was designed for (≈ 3.5:1) pressure ratio with transonic blading. Initial tests had shown the symptoms of flutter at part speed even at ISA-SLS inlet conditions. The intensity of flutter became severe at higher inlet P and T conditions. The fan was modified with casing treatment on the first stage of rotor casing area. The test results have exhibited encouraging results. During the process of testing, in order to validate the mathematical model for flutter, the prototype low pressure compressor module was instrumented with pulsating pressure transducer on the casing in addition to the strain gauging of 1R, 2R rotor blades and 1S, 2S stator blades in the low pressure compressor. The results so obtained were analyzed and compared with strain data captured during the same testing. This pulsation data was in full agreement with strain data and also with the mathematical model developed earlier for detection of flutter and rotating stall. It is evident that the mathematical model results and the results obtained during the LPC test to measure flutter and rotating stall component are comparable and thus validated the model. This paper brings out the test preparation of module, preparation of the test stand, online monitoring of data, express analysis of test results and study of the same to exhibit the match with mathematical model of the Aerodynamic phenomena.
Differential control of potato cyst‐nematodes, <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i> and <i>G. pallida</i> by oxamyl and the yields of resistant and susceptible potatoes in treated and untreated soils (1984)

SUMMARY In sandy loam infested with Globodera rostochiensis (2–95 eggs g ‐1 soil) the yield of Desiree potatoes was decreased by 8·2 t ha ‐1 for every increment of 20 eggs g ‐1 soil. Oxamyl incorporated in the seedbed at 5 kg ha ‐1 before planting prevented significant loss of yield and damage to the tubers and minimised nematode increase. Cara and Maris Piper potatoes, which were resistant and tolerant to G. rostochiensis usually responded less to oxamyl than did susceptible cultivars. In a range of cultivars, yield responses to oxamyl treatment of soil infested with G. rostochiensis often differed from those in soil infested with G. pallida. In field experiments, oxamyl controlled G. pallida less than G. rostochiensis. In pots, such differential control of the two species by oxamyl was not observed.
Modulation of mid-infrared light using graphene-metal plasmonic antennas (2013)

We show that large modulation of the amplitude and phase of mid-infrared light can be achieved by dynamically shifting the resonance of graphene-metal plasmonic antennas via electrical tuning of the optical conductivity of graphene. Intensity modulation with on-off extinction ratio exceeding 100 and phase modulation over a range of 240° are demonstrated by simulations of scattered light from arrays of such antennas. The modulation rate is estimated to be on the order of a few GHz. These properties are promising for creating reconfigurable flat optical components such as spatial light modulators in the mid-infrared spectral range.