gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using data preprocessing and single layer perceptron to analyze laboratory data (1995)

AbstractDuring daily work in hospitals a large amount of clinical data is produced each day. Totally computerized patient records are not yet widely used but a large part of essential information is already stored on computer files. These include laboratory test results, diagnoses, codes for operations, codes of histopathological diagnoses and maybe even the patient's medication. Accordingly, these databases include much clinical knowledge that would be useful for clinicians.Laboratories try to support clinicians by producing reference values for laboratory tests. It is, of course, necessary information but, however, it does not give very much information about the weight of evidence that an abnormal laboratory test will give in special clinical settings.We have developed a software package - DiagaiD - in order to build a smart link between patient databases and clinicians. It utilizes neural network-based machine learning techniques and can produce decision support which meets the special needs of clinicians. From example cases it can learn clinically relevant transformations from original numeric values to logical values. By using data transformation together with a single layer perceptron it is possible to build nonlinear models from a set of preclassified example cases.In this paper, we use two small datasets to show how this scheme works in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Results are compared with those obtained using logistic regression or backpropagation neural networks. The performance of our neuro-fuzzy tool seemed to be slightly better in these two materials but the differences did not reach statistical significance.Key Words: acute appendicitisback propagationdiagnosismedical decision supportneuro-fuzzy system
Judgmental Feature Based Facial Expression Recognition and FER Datasets - A Comprehensive Study (2017)

Facial expression is secondary supply of communication, which flows in parallel with verbal interaction. Because of its generality throughout people of different races, places, age and gender, facial expression plays a very important role in communication. Facial expressions are echo of mental state of the person. It has been intensively studied research area since last two decades. Expressions can be modeled using either descriptive features – coded using facial muscles, or judgmental features – coded using texture information. In this survey, we mainly focused on prominent judgmental feature based methods. Face is incredibly wealthy and complicated entity. Many approaches have been suggested to efficiently encode the facial expressions in lower dimensional space for effective recognition. Until now, most of the research was centered around recognition of frontal face expressions. Recent work is targeted on processing profile face and spontaneous expressions by treatment of multimodal fusion. In addition to features, dataset is another major aspect of pattern recognition. Multidimensional comparison of various facial expression databases is also derived in this paper. Additionally, survey presents scientific challenges touching the performance of system.
Tuning the response of a pH-sensitive membrane switch (1995)

We have shown that the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte poly-(2-ethylacrylic acid) (PEAA, 1) causes destabilization of lipid bilayer membranes at pH 6.55 or lower and that this pH-sensitive [compound 1] response can be used to trigger release of hydrophilic compounds entrapped in liposomes. Responsive membrane systems are finding increasingly important applications in drug delivery, signal amplification in biochemical assay, and molecular recognition.
High-level expression of Yersinia pestis LcrV gene in Escherichia coli (2001)

The recombinant expression plasmid pBV/ypV was constructed by inserting the DNA fragment of Yersinia pestis LcrV gene into pBV220 and transformed into E.coli DH5α cell. The positive clones were screened out by PCR and enzymes digesting, and then through temperature regulated inducement expression, the expressed product was detected by SDS PAGE, and an expression band about 38000 was found. The aim protein representing 38.4% of total cell protein and the most in soluble form.
Primary care in A&E (1998)

The improvement of GP availability has been suggested as a factor influencing the rise in A&E attendance in the UK.
Diverse Functional Motifs within the Three Intracellular Loops of the CGRP<sub>1</sub> Receptor (2006)

The CGRP(1) receptor exists as a heterodimeric complex between a single-pass transmembrane accessory protein (RAMP1) and a family B G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) called the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). This study investigated the structural motifs found in the intracellular loops (ICLs) of this receptor. Molecular modeling was used to predict active and inactive conformations of each ICL. Conserved residues were altered to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. cAMP accumulation, cell-surface expression, agonist affinity, and CGRP-stimulated receptor internalization were characterized. Within ICL1, L147 and particularly R151 were important for coupling to G(s). R151 may interact directly with the G-protein, accessing it following conformational changes involving ICL2 and ICL3. At the proximal end of ICL3, I290 and L294, probably lying on the same face of an alpha helix, formed a G-protein coupling motif. The largest effects on coupling were observed with I290A; additionally, it reduced CGRP affinity and impaired internalization. I290 may interact with TM6 to stabilize the conformation of ICL3, but it could also interact directly with Gs. R314, at the distal end of ICL3, impaired G-protein coupling and to a lesser extent reduced CGRP affinity; it may stabilize the TM6-ICL3 junction by interacting with the polar headgroups of membrane phospholipids. Y215 and L214 in ICL2 are required for cell-surface expression; they form a microdomain with H216 which has the same function. This study reveals similarities between the activation of CLR and other GPCRs in the role of TM6 and ICL3 but shows that other conserved motifs differ in their function.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2015)

In Irak und Syrien mündet der Jahrhunderte alte Konflikt zwischen Schiiten und Sunniten, den größten Glaubensrichtungen im Islam, gerade in einen blutigen Religionskrieg. Wie kommt es zu dieser Zuspitzung, und wie kam es überhaupt zu der Spaltung des Islams? Heinz Halm beschreibt anschaulich die Glaubensvorstellungen der Schiiten und ihre mehr als 1300 Jahre alte religiöse Tradition. Von hier aus erklärt er den Zusammenhang zwischen der Religion der Schiiten und ihrem politischen Anspruch in der Gegenwart.
Technology mapping and packing for coarse-grained, anti-fuse based FPGAs (2004)

We present a new synthesis flow for anti-fuse based FPGAs with multiple-output logic cells. The flow consists of two steps: mapping and packing. The mapper finds mapping solutions using a dynamic programming-based approach that finds the best match at each node of the decomposed target circuit. After this mapping step is completed, the resulting netlist of cells in optimally packed into net list of logic cells by using a multi-dimensional coin change problem formulation which is again solved by a dynamic programming based approach. Experimental results for Quicklogic's pASIC3 logic family are provided to assess the effectiveness of the proposed mapping and packing techniques.
Identification of Novel Non-phosphorylated Ligands, Which Bind Selectively to the SH2 Domain of Grb7 (2002)

Grb7 is an adapter-type signaling protein, which is recruited via its SH2 domain to a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including ErbB2 and ErbB3. It is overexpressed in breast, esophageal, and gastric cancers, and may contribute to the invasive potential of cancer cells. Molecular interactions involving Grb7 therefore provide attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. We have utilized phage display random peptide libraries as a source of small peptide ligands to the SH2 domain of Grb7. Screening these libraries against purified Grb7 SH2 resulted in the identification of Grb7-binding peptide phage clones that contained a non-phosphorylated Tyr-X-Asn (YXN) motif. The tyrosine-phosphorylated form of this motif is characteristic of Grb7 SH2 domain binding sites identified in RTKs and other signaling proteins such as Shc. Peptides that are non-phosphorylated have greater potential in the development of therapeutics because of the instability of a phosphate group in vivo. Using a biased library approach with this conserved YXN motif, we identified seven different peptide phage clones, which bind specifically to the SH2 domain of Grb7. These peptides did not bind to the SH2 domain of Grb2 (which also selects for Asn at pY(+2)) or Grb14, a closely related family member. The cyclic structure of the peptides was required to bind to the Grb7 SH2 domain. Importantly, the synthetic Grb7-binding peptide G7-18 in cell lysates was able to specifically inhibit the association of Grb7 with the ErbB family of RTKs, in particular ErbB3, in a dose-dependent manner. These peptides will be useful in the development of targeted molecular therapeutics for cancers overexpressing Grb7 and in the development of Grb7-specific inhibitors to gain a complete understanding of the physiological role of Grb7.
Ventral subicular interaction with the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Evidence for a relay in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (1993)

The axonal projections of the ventral subiculum to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) were examined in the rat with the anterograde neuronal tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Axons originating in the ventral subiculum coursed to the BST through either the fimbria-fornix, or a pathway involving the stria terminalis via the amygdala. Ventral subicular axons gave rise to dense terminal networks that were preferentially distributed in medial and ventral subregions of the BST. The distribution of subicular fibers and terminals was examined in relation to BST neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In these cases, discrete iontophoretic injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold were made in the PVN, with PHA-L delivered to the ipsilateral ventral subiculum. An immunocytochemical double-labeling protocol was then employed for the simultaneous detection of PHA-L and Fluoro-gold, and provided light microscopic evidence for subicular input to PVN-projecting cells located within the BST. In a second series of experiments, the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic nature of the BST was examined by in situ hybridization histochemistry for detection of transcripts encoding GAD67 mRNA. The studies revealed that a high proportion of BST neurons express GAD67 transcripts. Also, experiments combining Fluoro-gold tracing with GAD67 in situ hybridization suggested that a proportion of PVN-projecting neurons in the BST are GABAergic. Taken together, the results of these sets of studies suggest that the inhibitory influences of the hippocampus on the PVN might be relayed through specific portions of the BST. These findings may have important implications for our understanding of the neural regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Inherited activation-inactivation of the star gene in foxes (1981)

A frequency of more than 10(-2) of the de novo appearance of piebald spotting (star) was established in silver-black foxes selected for domestic behavior. The star phenotype is determined by the autosomal semidominant gene S. Ten genealogical groups of foxes, in which star arose independently, were analyzed. Of these, the star character is determined by S alleles in at least seven groups. The S gene is located in a linkage group other than the earlier described W (Georgian white) locus. The star gene is incompletely penetrant, but its penetrance is significantly higher in offspring from tame mothers than from aggressive ones, or when S is received from a heterozygous vixen (Ss). There was a notable shortage of homozygous (SS) offspring from Ss X Ss crosses, which cannot be adequately explained by selective embryonic mortality, differential zygotic and gametic death, or transgression of homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. Some foxes, proven carriers of a homozygous (Ss) genotype, showed the phenotype and mode of inheritance characteristic of heterozygotes (Ss). Presumably, the mechanism responsible of these observations is a heritable functional activation-inactivation of the star gene. Some implications of this concept in terms of destabilizing selection are discussed.
Capturing ghosts (2014)

The pool of unused routable IPv4 prefixes is dwindling, with less than 4% remaining for allocation at the end of June 2014. Yet the adoption of IPv6 remains slow. We demonstrate a new capture-recapture technique for improved estimation of the size of "IPv4 reserves" (allocated yet unused IPv4 addresses or routable prefixes) from multiple incomplete data sources. A key contribution of our approach is the plausible estimation of both observed and unobserved-yet-active (ghost) IPv4 address space. This significantly improves our community's understanding of IPv4 address space exhaustion and likely pressure for IPv6 adoption. Using "ping scans", network traces and server logs we estimate that 6.3 million /24 subnets and 1.2 billion IPv4 addresses are currently in use (roughly 60% and 45% of the publicly routed space respectively). We also show how utilisation has changed over the last 2--3 years and provide an up-to-date estimate of potentially-usable remaining IPv4 space.
Permanent magnet flux switching machines &#x2014; Topologies, analysis and optimization (2013)

Permanent magnet flux switching machines have been attracting revived research interests for various applications over the last decades. Those machines not only inherit most merits from the conventional permanent magnet synchronous machines but also possess a simple passive and hence robust rotor. In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the evolution of new topologies for the permanent magnet flux switching (PMFS) rotary and linear machines is presented, and performance analysis and optimization of such machines are reviewed. Particular emphasis has been placed on practical techniques of torque/force pulsation analysis and reduction. The pros and cons of those PMFS machines are appraised so as to highlight the prospective applications.
Kinesin proteins: A phylum of motors for microtubule‐based motility (1996)

The cellular processes of transport, division and, possibly, early development all involve microtubule-based motors. Recent work shows that, unexpectedly, many of these cellular functions are carried out by different types of kinesin and kinesin-related motor proteins. The kinesin proteins are a large and rapidly growing family of microtubule-motor proteins that share a 340-amino-acid motor domain. Phylogenetic analysis of the conserved motor domains groups the kinesin proteins into a number of subfamilies, the members of which exhibit a common molecular organization and related functions. The kinesin proteins that belong to different subfamilies differ in their rates and polarity of movement along microtubules, and probably in the particles/organelles that they transport. The kinesins arose early in eukaryotic evolution and gene duplication has allowed functional specialization to occur, resulting in a surprisingly large number of different classes of these proteins adapted for intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles, and for assembly and force generation in the meiotic and mitotic spindles.
Observations on the medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (1980)

IN THE absence of decisive knowledge of the causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there continues to be no consistently curative medical treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.<sup>1-3</sup>Treatment has included such widely diverse approaches as prefrontal lobotomy,<sup>4</sup>hog extract,<sup>5</sup>Calmette-Guérin bacillus,<sup>6,7</sup>vaccines including Bargen's<i>Streptococcus</i>, irradiation,<sup>8</sup>gonadotropins, "regulation of abnormal electrical rhythm of the bowel" with coherin,<sup>9</sup>fasting, tranquilizers, phenylbutazone,<sup>10</sup>lithium carbonate,<sup>11</sup>psychotherapy,<sup>12</sup>mineral water,<sup>13</sup>immunosuppressive drugs, and empirical measures for which rationale is not apparent. Many patients with mild ulcerative colitis and with mild regional enteritis respond favorably to simple treatments, including adequate rest, dietary adjustments, sedation, and perhaps sulfasalazine and other antibacterial agents. The emphasis in this article, therefore, is on selected aspects of the medical treatment of the moderately or severely ill IBD patient. A major flaw in the evaluation of therapeutic agents in IBD is
A Cation-π Interaction Discriminates among Sodium Channels That Are Either Sensitive or Resistant to Tetrodotoxin Block (2007)

Voltage-gated sodium channels control the upstroke of the action potential in excitable cells of nerve and muscle tissue, making them ideal targets for exogenous toxins that aim to squelch electrical excitability. One such toxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX), blocks sodium channels with nanomolar affinity only when an aromatic Phe or Tyr residue is present at a specific location in the external vestibule of the ion-conducting pore. To test whether TTX is attracted to Tyr401 of NaV1.4 through a cation-pi interaction, this aromatic residue was replaced with fluorinated derivatives of Phe using in vivo nonsense suppression. Consistent with a cation-pi interaction, increased fluorination of Phe401, which reduces the negative electrostatic potential on the aromatic face, caused a monotonic increase in the inhibitory constant for block. Trifluorination of the aromatic ring decreased TTX affinity by approximately 50-fold, a reduction similar to that caused by replacement with the comparably hydrophobic residue Leu. Furthermore, we show that an energetically equivalent cation-pi interaction underlies both use-dependent and tonic block by TTX. Our results are supported by high level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations applied to a model of TTX binding to benzene. Our analysis suggests that the aromatic side chain faces the permeation pathway where it orients TTX optimally and interacts with permeant ions. These results are the first of their kind to show the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into a voltage-gated sodium channel and demonstrate that a cation-pi interaction is responsible for the obligate nature of an aromatic at this position in TTX-sensitive sodium channels.
Quantifying Failure Risk of Version Switch for Rolling Upgrade on Clouds (2014)

Rolling upgrade is an industry technique for online dynamic software update. A rolling upgrade updates a small number of instances in an old version to a new version at a time and the operation is repeated in a wave rolling until all of the instances have been upgraded. In many cases, the software needs to avoid interactions between different versions. One common simple approach is to make instances version aware, and then a version switch point can be chosen to deactivate the old service and activate the new service. On a Cloud platform, upgrades can be implemented simply through replacing old virtual machine instances with ones in new versions, and during the process of rolling upgrade various failures may present. If an instance fails, a new instance has to be launched from the backup images, which in most software systems are in an old version and cannot be simply replaced to a new version if the new software and the new service have not been stable for the sake of reliability and stability. Thus the progress of the rolling upgrade is not guaranteed, and indeed the number of upgraded instances can sometimes decrease. We aim to determine the probability that, after switching the versions at a selected point, the number of working instances may sometime fall below the amount needed for a desired Quality of Service. In this paper, we stochastically quantify the risk with a family of discrete Markov chains (DTMC). The evaluation in both Amazon Web Service (AWS) and simulation reveals that our technique can well predict the risks after given version switch points.
Serodiagnosis of Syphilis: Antibodies to Recombinant Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd Proteins Are Sensitive and Specific Indicators of Infection by<i>Treponema pallidum</i> (2003)

Syphilis serodiagnosis relies on a combination of nonspecific screening tests (antilipoidal antibodies) and Treponema pallidum-specific tests (anti-T. pallidum antibodies). We studied a group of six recombinant T. pallidum antigens for their sensitivities and specificities with sera from individuals with syphilis (n = 43), relapsing fever (n = 8), Lyme disease (n = 8), and leptospirosis (n = 9) and from uninfected individuals (n = 15). Three recombinant proteins, Tp0155, Tp0483, and Tp0751, demonstrated sensitivity values that ranged from 28 to 42%. In contrast, three other recombinant proteins exhibited the following sensitivity and specificity values: Tp0453, 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity; Tp92 (Tp0326), 98% sensitivity and 97% specificity; and Gpd (Tp0257), 91% sensitivity and 93% specificity. Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd also were recognized by sera from individuals with early primary syphilis that were nonreactive with the antilipoidal Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test. The reactivities of syphilis patient sera with Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd were proportional to the titers of these sera with the treponemal test MHA-TP (microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum). Thus, the recombinant T. pallidum antigens Tp0453, Tp92, and Gpd show promise as diagnostic antigens in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assay.
Enhancement of induced disease resistance by simultaneous activation of salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways in <i>Arabidopsis</i> <i>thaliana</i> (2000)

The plant-signaling molecules salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play an important role in induced disease resistance pathways. Cross-talk between SA- and JA-dependent pathways can result in inhibition of JA-mediated defense responses. We investigated possible antagonistic interactions between the SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, which is induced upon pathogen infection, and the JA-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathway, which is triggered by nonpathogenic Pseudomonas rhizobacteria. In Arabidopsis thaliana, SAR and ISR are effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Simultaneous activation of SAR and ISR resulted in an additive effect on the level of induced protection against Pst. In Arabidopsis genotypes that are blocked in either SAR or ISR, this additive effect was not evident. Moreover, induction of ISR did not affect the expression of the SAR marker gene PR-1 in plants expressing SAR. Together, these observations demonstrate that the SAR and the ISR pathway are compatible and that there is no significant cross-talk between these pathways. SAR and ISR both require the key regulatory protein NPR1. Plants expressing both types of induced resistance did not show elevated Npr1 transcript levels, indicating that the constitutive level of NPR1 is sufficient to facilitate simultaneous expression of SAR and ISR. These results suggest that the enhanced level of protection is established through parallel activation of complementary, NPR1-dependent defense responses that are both active against Pst. Therefore, combining SAR and ISR provides an attractive tool for the improvement of disease control.