gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVENODD: an efficient scheme for tolerating double disk failures in RAID architectures (1995)

We present a novel method, that we call EVENODD, for tolerating up to two disk failures in RAID architectures. EVENODD employs the addition of only two redundant disks and consists of simple exclusive-OR computations. This redundant storage is optimal, in the sense that two failed disks cannot be retrieved with less than two redundant disks. A major advantage of EVENODD is that it only requires parity hardware, which is typically present in standard RAID-5 controllers. Hence, EVENODD can be implemented on standard RAID-5 controllers without any hardware changes. The most commonly used scheme that employes optimal redundant storage (i.e., two extra disks) is based on Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correcting codes. This scheme requires computation over finite fields and results in a more complex implementation. For example, we show that the complexity of implementing EVENODD in a disk array with 15 disks is about 50% of the one required when using the RS scheme. The new scheme is not limited to RAID architectures: it can be used in any system requiring large symbols and relatively short codes, for instance, in multitrack magnetic recording. To this end, we also present a decoding algorithm for one column (track) in error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Key Performance Indicators for Trajectory Prediction Accuracy (2006)

Key performance indicators (KPI) for trajectory prediction accuracy were developed by applying factor analysis to a wider set of accuracy metrics obtained from a literature search. A Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted under operationally-representative conditions to provide a data set for the analysis. It is shown that the derived KPI can be linearly combined to estimate the larger set of metrics. These estimates provide good rank correlation with the actual metrics computed. KPIs can describe both the accuracy of trajectory prediction in addition to the quality of the input data supplied to a trajectory predictor. Various applications of these KPI are discussed including the specification of requirements on prediction performance. While certain KPI are described in this study, various values could have been selected. It is argued that TP KPIs should be made consistent with measurements used to express vertical and longitudinal RNP as those get defined
Principles for User Design of Customized Products (2005)

User design is a particular form of product customization that allows the customer to specify the properties of a product. User design has emerged as a mechanism to build brand loyalty, to fit products to the heterogeneous needs of a market, and to differentiate the offerings of a manufacturer. However, many consumers face daunting challenges in designing a product that fits their personal needs. This makes it essential for producers of customized goods and services to create user interfaces that are effective in supporting consumers in the user design process. This article defines the fundamental information-processing problem associated with user design of customized products and articulates five principles of user design. It then outlines actions that can be taken to improve user design systems.
High performance surface-emitting lasers with 45° intracavity micromirrors (1991)

For the first time, high performance GaAs/GaAlAs surface-emitting lasers with internal 45° micromirrors, which totally reflect and emit the beam from the substrate in junction-down configuration, have been demonstrated. The 45° and 90° mirrors of the device were fabricated by using ion milling and reactive ion etching techniques, respectively. Typical threshold current density of 440 A/cm2, external differential efficiencies of 52%, and output power in excess of 1 W under quasi-cw operation have been achieved.
Shoulder Arthroscopy: Basic Principles of Positioning, Anesthesia, and Portal Anatomy (2013)

Advances in modern arthroscopy have contributed significantly to greater flexibility and efficacy in addressing shoulder pathology. Advantages of arthroscopy include less invasive approaches, improved visualization, decreased risk of many postoperative complications, and faster recovery. As a result, arthroscopy is often preferred by both orthopaedic surgeons and patients. Common shoulder conditions that can be managed arthroscopically include rotator cuff tears, shoulder instability, and labral pathology. A thorough understanding of anatomic principles in conjunction with proper patient positioning and portal selection and placement are essential for successful arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Residual stresses in a doubly clad fiber with depressed inner cladding (DIC) (1999)

Thermal and mechanical stresses developed in concentric three-layered optical fiber-core, and inner and outer cladding, have been thoroughly studied for various concentrations of dopants and geometric structures. In order to examine the parametric results of thermal stresses in preforms, the stresses were measured with a polariscope. The results agreed well with the theoretical calculations. The thermal stresses were calculated for three temperature ranges in which the glass in each layer has a different thermal expansion coefficient. The mechanical stresses were studied considering the normal stress in the molten neck down region and its development with time. In order to include the time dependence of the stress below softening point, Maxwell's one dimensional viscoelasticity was applied. In a parametric study, the analyzes were carried out based on the fiber parameters such as relative index difference, ratio of clad to core, and depressed relative index difference. With an increase of core index above the silica, the thermal stresses in core increased linearly, but the depressed inner clad does not affect the stresses in core. From the parametric studies and modeling it was found that when the depressed inner cladding (DIC) layer has a large cross-section or high dopant concentration, the mechanical stress in core change from compression to tension.
Ngiyambaa : the language of the Wangaaybuwan (1980)

Preface Acknowledgements 1. The language and its speakers 2. Phonology 3. World classes 4. Nominals 5. Pronouns, determiners and indeterminates 6. Verbs 7. Compound verbs 8. Simple sentences 9. Particles 10. Complex sentences Appendices.
Evaluation of the Biolog automated microbial identification system (1992)

Biolog's identification system was used to identify 39 American Type Culture Collection reference taxa and 45 gram-negative isolates from water samples. Of the reference strains, 98% were identified to genus level and 76% to species level within 4 to 24 h. Identification of some authentic strains of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Serratia was unreliable. A total of 93% of the water isolates were identified.
SeDFAM: semiconductor demand forecast accuracy model (2002)

Abstract In the semiconductor industry, many critical decisions are based on demand forecasts. However, these forecasts are subject to random error. In this paper, we lay out a scheme estimating the variance and correlation of forecast errors (without altering given forecasts) and modeling the evolution of forecasts over time. Our scheme allows correlations across time, products and technologies. It also addresses the case of nonstationary errors due to ramps (technology migrations). It can be used to simulate chip demands for production planning/capacity expansion studies.
Low k 1 logic design using gridded design rules (2008)

Dimensions for 32nm generation logic are expected to be ~45nm. Even with high NA scanners, the k<sub>1</sub> factor is below 0.32. Gridded-design-rules (GDR) are a form of restricted design rules (RDR) and have a number of benefits from design through fabrication. The combination of rules and topologies can be verified during logic technology development, much as is done with memories. Topologies which have been preverified can be used to implement random logic functions with "hotspot" prevention that is virtually context-independent. Mask data preparation is simplified with less aggressive OPC, resulting in shorter fracturing, writing, and inspection times. In the wafer fab, photolithography, etch, and CMP are more controllable because of the grating-like patterns. Tela Canvas<sup>TM</sup> GDR layout was found to give smaller area cells than a conventional 2D layout style. Variability and context independence were also improved.
5-HT6 receptor antagonists as treatment for age-related cognitive decline (2014)

The 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) is one of the most recently discovered serotonin receptors and has received much attention after observations showing its procognition properties. Indeed, 5-HT6R appears to be a promising target to treat cognitive decline, particularly via its modulatory function of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. 5-HT6Rs are present mostly in the central nervous system, in brain structures known to be particularly involved in memory. Growing evidence suggests that blockade of 5-HT6R can not only improve memory processes in adult rodents but also reverse age-related and pharmacologically induced deficits. 5-HT6R blockade could also have a beneficial effect on neuronal plasticity. Regarding these findings, several 5-HT6R antagonists are currently going through clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the major findings arguing in favour of a role for 5-HT6R antagonists in developing treatment for cognitive disorders related to ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Finite-element-based 3D computer modeling for personalized treatment planning in clubfoot deformity (2018)

This case is the first one in which FEM-based computational 3D modeling was applied for selection of treatment strategy in a child with clubfoot. The case reported here illustrates the role of advanced medical computer technology, based on complex image processing, FEM and 3D simulations, in providing an effective clinical decision support tool for personalized treatment selection in children with clubfoot deformity.
Onions and other vegetable alliums (2008)

<title>Abstract</title> The aim of the book is to introduce the scientific principles that underlie production practices, rather than to give detailed instruction on how to produce allium crops. The topics covered include: the classification, origins, distribution and economic importance of the major vegetable crops; the structure of edible alliums; the genetics and plant breeding of allium crops; physiology of crop growth, development and yield; interactions with weeds, pests, diseases and symbionts; agronomy and crop production; crop storage and dormancy; biochemistry, health benefits and food science of alliums.
The Mentor Project: Designing the next generation of instructional software. (2001)

The effect of phenobarbital treatment on bilirubin metabolism and bile secretion was studied in a patient with Crigler-Najjar syndrome, type II and acquired cholestasis. Following cholecystectomy and choledochostomy, a balloon inflatable T tube was inserted to facilitate bile collection. Hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase in surgically obtained liver tissue was 25% of normal activity and bilirubin monoconjugates accounted for greater than 80% of the pigments in bile. Phenobarbital therapy decreased the concentration of fasting serum bile acids by 33% and partially reestablished their enterohepatic cycling postprandially. The total fasting serum bilirubin concentration (greater than 90% unconjugated) increased 21% during phenobarbital treatment and was unaffected by caloric intake. Bile flow was increased 2.7 times after phenobarbital treatment. The biliary concentration of total bilirubin was increased 2.4 times, primarily due to monoconjugated bilirubin, which accounted for 91% of the biliary pigments. Bile acid, phospholipid, cholesterol, and calcium concentrations in bile were significantly increased after phenobarbital. The data indicate that even in the presence of cholestasis an underlying deficiency in bilirubin conjugation may be confirmed by biliary pigment analysis.
Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on some quality attributes of a ready-to-eat salmon sushi (2014)

Sushi, a very popular food worldwide became a popular ready-to-eat food selling in supermarkets, but it exhibit distinct features, which are associated with microbiological hazards. Therefore, MAP technology, known to reduce aerobic bacteria in fishery products, was used to improve quality of ready-to-eat salmon sushi in this study. Salmon sushi were packaged with air (control), 50%N2 /50%CO2 (MAP-a), and 100% CO2 (MAP-b), stored at 4 ±1°C for 6 days and analyzed every day. During the study, control samples taken the lowest sensory scores. The total color change (ΔE) was lower in MAP samples comparing to controls. Likewise, mesophilic and psychrophilic aerobic bacteria counts of gas-treated samples were significantly lower. These results show the positive effect of MAP technology on the quality of salmon sushi. Regarding the improving demand to ready-to-eat sushi selling in supermarkets, this result will be useful in further studies and commercial applications.
A Study of Metameric Blacks for the Representation of Spectral Images (2011)

Spectral images contain a large volume of data and can be efficiently compressed by low dimensional linear models. However, there is a trade-off between the accuracy of spectral and colorimetric representation. When a spectral image is reproduced by a low-dimensional linear model, spectral error and color difference are contrary to each other and minimizing the colour error is by no means equivalent to minimizing the spectral error. Although one aim of a spectral-image file format is to preserve and represent the spectral information, most users are likely to reproduce a spectral image on a trichromatic image-reproduction system and therefore it is important that the spectral information is not preserved at the expense of colorimetric accuracy. In this study a method for spectral encoding that provides an efficient representation of the spectral information whilst perfectly preserving the colorimetric information is analysed. The lossy compression technique that is considered in this work is based on a low-dimensional linear model of spectral reflectance, with the first three basis functions represent color information and the additional basis functions are metameric blacks which preserve spectral information.
A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain alters the polarized delivery of influenza virus hemagglutinin. (1991)

In the polarized kidney cell line MDCK, the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) has been well characterized as a model for apically sorted membrane glycoproteins. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that a single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic sequence of HA converts it from a protein that is excluded from coated pits to one that is efficiently internalized. Using trypsin or antibodies to mark protein on the surface, we have shown in MDCK cells that HA containing this mutation is no longer transported to the apical surface but instead is delivered directly to the basolateral plasma membrane. We propose that a cytoplasmic feature similar to an endocytosis signal can cause exclusive basolateral delivery.
Factors affecting torsional barriers in benzaldehyde derivatives (1964)

H. G. Silver and J. L. Wood, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1964, 60, 5 DOI: 10.1039/TF9646000005
Connective tissue growth factor is induced in bleomycin‐induced skin scleroderma (2009)

The origin of fibrotic cells within connective tissue is unclear. For example, the extent to which microvascular pericytes contribute to the number of myofibroblasts present in dermal fibrosis in uncertain. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a marker and mediator of fibrosis. In this report, we use an antibody recognizing CCN2 to assess the cell types in mouse dermis which express CCN2 in the bleomycin model of skin scleroderma. Control (PBS injected) and fibrotic (bleomycin-injected) dermis was examined for CCN2, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (to detect myofibroblasts), and NG2 (to detect pericytes) expression. Consistent with previously published data, CCN2 expression was largely absent in the dermis of control mice. However, upon exposure to bleomycin, CCN2 was observed in the dermis. Cells that expressed CCN2 were alpha-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts. Approximately 85% of myofibroblasts were NG2-positive, CCN2-expressing pericytes, indicating that pericytes significantly contributed to the presence of myofibroblasts in sclerotic dermis. Thus CCN2 is induced in fibrotic skin, correlating with the induction of myofibroblast induction. Moreover, CCN2-expressing pericytes significantly contribute to the appearance of myofibroblasts in bleomycin-induced skin scleroderma.
Distinct patterns of lipoproteins with apoB defined by presence of apoE or apoC-III in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (2001)

Apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoC-III concentrations in VLDL and LDL are associated with coronary heart disease. We studied the relationship between apoE and apoC-III and the abnormal concentrations and distribution of apoB lipoproteins in 10 hypercholesterolemic and 13 hypertriglyceridemic patients compared with 12 normolipidemic subjects (mean age, 45 years). Sixteen distinct types of apoB lipoprotein particles were separated by first using anti-apoE and anti-apoC-III immunoaffinity chromatography in sequence and then ultracentrifugation [light VLDL, dense VLDL, IDL, and LDL, with apoE with or without apoC-III (E(+)C-III(+), E(+)C-III(-)) or without apoE with or without apoC-III (E(-)C-III(+), E(-)C-III(-))]. The concentrations of VLDL particles with apoC-III (E(+)C-III(+), E(-)C-III(+)) were increased in the hypertriglyceridemic group compared with the hypercholesterolemic and normolipidemic groups. These particles were the most triglyceride rich of the particle types, and their triglyceride content was twice as high in hypertriglyceridemics compared with the other two groups. Hypertriglyceridemics had a similar concentration of total E(-)C-III(-) particles compared with normolipidemics, but the E(-)C-III(-) particles were distributed more to VLDL and IDL than to LDL. Hypercholesterolemics, in contrast, were distinguished from the normolipidemic group by 2-fold higher concentrations of apoB lipoproteins without apoE or apoC-III (E(-)C-III(-)), mainly LDL, which had high cholesterol content. Nonetheless, both normolipidemics and hypercholesterolemics had apoC-III-containing VLDL, which comprised 68% and 43% of their total VLDL particles. E(+)C-III(-) particles were a minor type, comprising <10% of particles in all lipoproteins and patient groups. Therefore, VLDL particles with apoC-III may play a central role in identifying the high risk of coronary heart disease in hypertriglyceridemia, but their substantial prevalence in normolipidemics may be of clinical significance as well.
Side Effects and Complications of Variable-Pulsed Erbium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Skin Resurfacing: Extended Experience with 50 Patients (2003)

Recent advances in technology have provided laser surgeons with new options for cutaneous laser resurfacing. Despite its popularity, there is limited information on the short-term and long-term side effects and complications of variable-pulsed erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (erbium:YAG) laser skin resurfacing. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate postoperative wound healing, side effects, and complications of multiple-pass, variable-pulsed erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing for facial photodamage, rhytides, and atrophic scarring. Fifty consecutive patients with facial photodamage, rhytides, or atrophic scarring were treated with a variable-pulsed erbium:YAG laser. Side effects and complications relating to postoperative healing, erythema, and pigmentary changes were tabulated. Patients were evaluated at postoperative days 3 through 7 and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after laser skin resurfacing. The average time for reepithelialization was 5.1 days. Prolonged erythema (>1 month) was observed in three patients (6 percent). Transient hyperpigmentation occurred in 20 patients (40 percent), with an average duration of 10.4 weeks. No cases of hypopigmentation or scarring were seen. In summary, a variable-pulsed erbium:YAG laser can safely be used for the treatment of facial photodamage, rhytides, and atrophic scarring. Although more postoperative erythema is seen after variable-pulsed erbium:YAG laser treatment than is usually produced with a short-pulsed erbium:YAG system, the side-effect profile and recovery period after variable-pulsed erbium:YAG laser skin resurfacing still are more favorable than after multiple-pass carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing.
Memory-State Dependence of Random Telegraph Noise of $ \hbox{Ta}_{2}\hbox{O}_{5}/\hbox{TiO}_{2}$ Stack ReRAM (2010)

Memory-state [low-resistance state ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ) and high-resistance state ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> )] dependence of random telegraph noise (RTN) of Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> /TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> resistive random access memory is investigated. The conduction mechanism of both memory states and a limit of resistance controllability are also investigated to clarify the difference in the RTN mechanism of both states. The boundary between the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> states was found at 5-20 kΩ , and the conduction mechanism much depended on the memory state. The noise also depended on the memory state. The noise amplitude in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> state was larger than that in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> state. In the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> state, a tunnel barrier was generated to cut off a conduction path (filament), and traps inside the tunnel barrier were supposed to increase the noise amplitude. Moreover, the composition of the following degraded the noise distribution in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> state: 1) capture and emission of charges with traps and 2) instability of these traps against the bias temperature stress.