gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phase imaging with programmable illumination (2015)

Even with the recent rapid advances in the field of microscopy, non-laser light sources used for light microscopy have not been developing significantly. Most current optical microscopy systems use halogen bulbs as their light sources to provide a white-light illumination. Due to the confined shapes and finite filament size of the bulbs, little room is available for modification in the light source, which prevents further advances in microscopy. By contrast, commercial projectors provide a high power output that is comparable to the halogen lamps while allowing for great flexibility in patterning the illumination. In addition to their high brightness, the illumination can be patterned to have arbitrary spatial and spectral distributions. Therefore, commercial projectors can be adopted as a flexible light source to an optical microscope by careful alignment to the existing optical path. In this study, we employed a commercial projector source to a quantitative phase imaging system called spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), which is an outside module for an existing phase contrast (PC) microscope. By replacing the ring illumination of PC with a ring-shaped pattern projected onto the condenser plane, we were able to recover the same result as the original SLIM. Furthermore, the ring illumination is replaced with multiple dots aligned along the same ring to minimize the overlap between the scattered and unscattered fields. This new method minimizes the halo artifact of the imaging system, which allows for a halo-free high-resolution quantitative phase microscopy system.
Pull-off force of coated fine powders under small consolidation (2009)

In this paper, a three-dimensional model taking into account the contact deformation and surface area coverage (SAC) of nanoadditives is proposed to predict the force required to separate two contacting particles (the pull-off force) under consolidation stress up to 10 KPa, for cornstarch, a Geldart group C powder, sparsely and densely dry-coated with nanosilica. The experimental pull-off force measurement is conducted in a Seville powder tester. Comparison of the predicted results with the experimental results indicates (1) that the pull-off force of sparsely coated cornstarch is larger than that of densely coated cornstarch due to the greater hardness and small particle radius of fumed silica; (2) there is not a continuous variation in the pull-off force with the coverage of silica; on the contrary, values of the pull-off force of sparsely coated samples are grouped in similar range, while the values of the pull-off force of densely coated samples are grouped in another range of lower values. (3) Within a range, the SAC does not have a big effect on the pull-off force for sparsely coated samples and only a slight effect for densely coated samples (4) the pull-off force increases with increasing consolidation force due to larger deformation in the contact area; (5) under consolidation stresses up to 10 KPa, the deformation of the cornstarch particles is not large enough to fully embed the nanosized silica.
Biopolymer Doped with Titanium Dioxide Superhydrophobic Photocatalysis as Self-Clean Coating for Lightweight Composite (2013)

The development of a lightweight composite (LC) based on Portland cement concrete with waste lightweight aggregate (WLA) additive was carried out to improve the sustainability and environmental impact and to offer potential cost savings without sacrificing strength. Treatment of the surface of the LC exposed to environmental attack by coating with biopolymer based on waste cooking oil doped with titanium dioxide photocatalysis (TOP) with superhydrophilic property was found to affect the mechanical properties of the LC in a systematic way. The results of compressive strength showed that the composite achieved the minimum required strength for lightweight construction materials of 17.2 MPa. Scratch resistance measurements showed that the highest percentages loading of superhydrophilic particles (up to 2.5% of biomonomer weight) for LC's surface coating gave the highest scratch resistance while the uncoated sample showed the least resistances. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures revealed the difference between the surface roughness for LC with and without TOP coating. TOP is also formulated to provide self-cleaning LC surfaces based on two principal ways: (1) the development by coating the LC with a photocatalytic superhydrophilic, (2) if such a superhydrophilic is illuminated by light, the grease, dirt, and organic contaminants will be decomposed and can easily be swept away by rain.
The Fusion Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Triggers p53-Dependent Apoptosis (2008)

Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) frequently causes inflammation and obstruction of the small airways, leading to severe pulmonary disease in infants. We show here that the RSV fusion (F) protein, an integral membrane protein of the viral envelope, is a strong elicitor of apoptosis. Inducible expression of F protein in polarized epithelial cells triggered caspase-dependent cell death, resulting in rigorous extrusion of apoptotic cells from the cell monolayer and transient loss of epithelial integrity. A monoclonal antibody directed against F protein inhibited apoptosis and was also effective if administered to A549 lung epithelial cells postinfection. F protein expression in epithelial cells caused phosphorylation of tumor suppressor p53 at serine 15, activation of p53 transcriptional activity, and conformational activation of proapoptotic Bax. Stable expression of dominant-negative p53 or p53 knockdown by RNA interference inhibited the apoptosis of RSV-infected A549 cells. HEp-2 tumor cells with low levels of p53 were not sensitive to RSV-triggered apoptosis. We propose a new model of RSV disease with the F protein as an initiator of epithelial cell shedding, airway obstruction, secondary necrosis, and consequent inflammation. This makes the RSV F protein a key target for the development of effective postinfection therapies.
A distinct integrin-mediated phagocytic pathway for extracellular matrix remodeling by RPE cells. (1999)

Subconfluent retinal pigment epithelial cells preferentially phagocytose FN over other extracellular matrix components. Phagocytosis of FN utilizes the alpha5beta1 integrin, is mediated in part through tyrosine kinase and PI3-kinase signaling pathways, and is modulated by PKC. Phagocytosis of extracellular matrix by retinal pigment epithelial cells may represent a novel mechanism for remodeling of the provisional extracellular matrix during outer retinal wound healing.
Iterative soft-decision reed-solomon decoding on partial response channels (2005)

Since the discovery of turbo codes, iterative decoding has gained enormous momentum. The idea of repeatedly passing information between components of a receiver or decoder to increase the overall system performance has attracted much research effort. In this work, we present an iterative soft-decision decoding architecture for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes on a partial-response (PR) channel. The architecture incorporates a symbol-based a-posteriori probability (APP) detector for the channel, and an enhanced soft-decision RS decoder based upon the recently introduced Koetter-Vardy (KY) algorithm. From the list of candidate RS codewords generated by the KV decoder, we calculate output symbol reliabilities that can be fed back to the APP detector as extrinsic information to be used in a subsequent decoding iteration. Through simulations, we show the efficacy of this approach, especially when the initial KV list size is large. We will also propose ways to modify the decoding scheme in order to beneficially increase the size of the candidate codeword list and thereby improve the overall system performance.
Detection and Treatment of Superficial Lung Cancer by Using δ-Aminolevulinic Acid (1997)

A pilot study was conducted to examine the efficacy of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for photodetection and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early lung cancer. White-light and fluorescence bronchoscopies were performed before and 4–5 h after oral administration of 25–60 mg/kg of ALA to six patients with eight sites of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and one site of microinvasive cancer. PDT was applied using 630 nm light from a KTP-dye laser at a light dose of 200 J/cm2 (microlens) or 200 J/cm (cylindrical diffuser). Diffuse false-positive protoporphyrin DC (PpDC) fluorescence of the bronchial mucosa was observed in areas of inflammation or metaplasia at doses ≥30 mg/kg ALA. In one patient who was given 25 mg/kg ALA, strong fluorescence was observed at the oropharynx and larynx, but the fluorescence in the bronchial mucosa was confined to the rumor sites. Complete eradication of tumors was achieved in eight CIS sites with a follow-up of 3–23 months. The microinvasive cancer showed a complete response. However, repeat biopsy at 8 months showed recurrence of cancer. No skin photosensitivity was observed beyond 24 h. Although ALA may not be an ideal agent for photodetection, it is a very promising drug for PDT of early lung cancer. It is easily administered and has short-lasting skin photosensitivity. Further dosimetry work is indicated.
Impact of Full Spectrum Endoscopy® (Fuse®, EndoChoice®) on adenoma detection: a prospective French pilot study (2017)

The Fuse<sup>®</sup> system appears to be safe and efficient. POA represented 39% of all adenomas. The impact of the panoramic view on the ADR was considered substantial. The main limitations are the lack of randomization and the absence of a control group.
Racial/Ethnic Patterns in Prostate Cancer Outcomes in an Active Surveillance Cohort (2011)

Introduction. Concern regarding overtreatment of prostate cancer (CaP) is leading to increased attention on active surveillance (AS). This study examined CaP survivors on AS and compared secondary treatment patterns and overall survival by race/ethnicity. Methods. The study population consisted of CaP patients self-classified as black or white followed on AS in the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) multicenter national database between 1989 and 2008. Secondary treatment included radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy (EBRT-Br), and hormone therapy (HT). Secondary treatment patterns and overall survival were compared by race/ethnicity. Results. Among 886 eligible patients, 21% were black. Despite racial differences in risk characteristics and secondary treatment patterns, overall survival was comparable across race. RP following AS was associated with the longest overall survival. Conclusion. Racial disparity in overall survival was not observed in this military health care beneficiary cohort with an equal access to health care.
Osmo-sensing by N- and C-terminal Extensions of the Glycine Betaine Uptake System BetP of Corynebacterium glutamicum (1998)

The major uptake carrier for the compatible solute glycine betaine in Corynebacterium glutamicum is the secondary transport system BetP. It is effectively regulated by the external osmolality both on the level of expression and of activity. BetP carries highly charged domains both at the N and at the C terminus. We investigated the role of these extensions in the regulatory response to hyperosmotic stress. Mutants of the betP gene coding for proteins with truncated N- and C-terminal extensions were expressed in the C. glutamicum betP deletion strain DHP1 and were functionally characterized with respect to regulation of activity. The optimum of activation at 1.3 osmol/kg in wild type was shifted in the recombinant strains to about 2.6 osmol/kg in mutants with deletions in the N-terminal part. Deletions in the C-terminal domain resulted in a complete loss of regulation. The altered response to changes in osmolality led to severe consequences in the cellular adaption to hyperosmotic stress. Whereas in the wild type, the steady state level of glycine betaine accumulation is maintained by activity regulation of the BetP system itself, in the mutant with BetP proteins carrying truncations in the C-terminal domain, the observed steady state betaine accumulation was found to be due to a kinetic balance of unregulated glycine betaine uptake by the modifed BetP and efflux via the mechanosensitive efflux channel for compatible solutes at the same time.
Monolithical Serial Interconnects of Large CIS Solar Cells with Picosecond Laser Pulses (2011)

The production of CIS thin film solar cells is still employing some mechanical steps of structuring, where thin layers have to be selectively separated in three patterns (P1 to P3) for the monolithic serial interconnection. We report on the high speed structuring of these patterns by picosecond laser ablation at 1064 nm. We demonstrate on 100x100 mm2 samples, that the molybdenum back electrode can be structured with a process speed of up to 15 m/s. The ZnO front electrode film can be line separated with up to 15 m/s, the CIS absorber layer is structured with up to 4 m/s. Furthermore we extended our laser processes to 300 x 300 mm2 pilot line samples which were displaying efficiencies of 13.4%.
Synthesis and Deformylation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> δ-Toxin Are Linked to Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity (2003)

In bacteria, translation initiates with formyl-methionine; however, the N-terminal formyl group is usually removed by peptide deformylase, an enzymatic activity requiring iron. Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin is a 26-amino-acid polypeptide secreted predominantly with a formylated N-terminal methionine, which led us to investigate regulation of delta-toxin deformylation. We observed that during exponential and early postexponential growth, delta-toxin accumulated in the culture medium in formylated and deformylated forms. In contrast, only formylated delta-toxin accumulated after the early postexponential phase. The transition from producing both species of delta-toxin to producing only formyl-methionine-containing delta-toxin coincided with increased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The TCA cycle contains several iron-requiring enzymes, which led us to hypothesize that TCA cycle induction depletes the iron in the culture medium, thereby inhibiting peptide deformylase activity. As expected, S. aureus depletes the iron in the culture medium between the postexponential and stationary phases of growth. Inhibition of delta-toxin deformylation was relieved by TCA cycle inactivation or by addition of supplemental iron to the culture medium. Of interest, peptides containing formyl-methionine are potent chemoattractants for neutrophils, suggesting that delta-toxin deformylation may have functional consequences. We found neutrophil chemotactic activity only with formylated delta-toxin. The S. aureus TCA cycle is derepressed upon depletion of rapidly catabolizable carbon sources; this coincides with the transition to producing only formylated delta-toxin and results in an increased inflammatory response. The proinflammatory response should increase host cell damage and result in the release of nutrients. Taken together, these results establish that there is an important linkage between bacterial metabolism and pathogenesis.
Expression of a <i>Drosophila</i> GABA receptor in a baculovirus insect cell system (1993)

Recombinant baculoviruses containing two alternative splice forms of the Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor gene were constructed. Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) cells infected with either splice form expressed a transcript of expected size (2.5 kb). Western blotting of cell membrane extracts and immunoprecipitation experiments with an anti-Rdl antiserum recognized a protein of the expected size of approximately 65 kDa. Whole cell patch clamp analysis of cells infected with either splice form revealed functional expression of GABA gated chloride ion channels which were blocked by application of 1 microM picrotoxinin. Following replacement of alanine 302 with a serine, a mutation associated with resistance to picrotoxinin and cyclodiene insecticides, mutant channels showed similar levels of insensitivity to picrotoxinin (approximately 100-fold) as those observed in recordings from cultured Drosophila neurons. The significance of the expression of an insect GABA receptor in an insect cell line and the similarity of the results from these functional expression studies to recordings from cultured neurons is discussed.
In-band cross-trigger event transmission for transaction-based debug (2008)

Cross-trigger, the mechanism to trigger activities in one debug entity from debug events happened in another debug entity, is a very useful technique for debugging applications involving multiple embedded cores. Existing solutions rely on dedicated interconnects (i.e., different from functional interconnects) to transfer debug events and cannot guarantee the arrival time of the debug events coincides with the arrival time of the data messages between multiple cores. This results in mismatches between the observed system internal operations and the ones that designers expect to watch. To tackle the above problem, in this paper, we propose to package the cross-trigger events and the actual data together into transaction messages and transfer them along the same functional interconnects (namely in-band debug event transmission), with the help of novel design-for-debug circuits. Simulation results on a hypothetical NoC-based systems show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
An Autosteresoscopic 3D Display System Based on Prism Patterned Projection Screen (2010)

Using a 2-view Autostereoscopic 3D Projection display system, a radically designed projection screen film system coupled with a conventional projection display is herein presented and shown to produce a superior 3D effect than most current autostereoscopic and non-autostereo 3D display systems.
The Ripples of Rivalry: The Spread of Modern Medicine from Japan to Its Colonies (2008)

Because the medical modernization of Meiji Japan has been identified with progress in Asian societies, Japanese colonial medicine has been viewed as a carefully planned project. Colonial propaganda capitalized on this image in bringing “civilization to colonies.” In postwar scholarship, this view lends credibility to Basalla's diffusionist model of the spread of Western science. However, a factor in the spread of modern medicine from Japan to its colonies was the academic rivalry between Kitasato's pupils and Todai faculty between 1899 and 1914. Before medical modernization in Japan had produced sufficient resources to meet domestic need, the rivalry had driven many medical elites to colonies, with a ripple effect that produced a web of colonial medicine largely outside Todai's influence. In contrast to popular interpretations, this article proposes another possibility for understanding the formation of Japanese colonial medicine—rather than being carefully planned, it emerged from a professional feud.
The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology (1959)

In this new edition the author retains the general plan of the earlier edition and includes discussions of new developments in the field of toxicology. Hazards which are a potential menace to the health of the industrial worker are an ever-increasing problem. Attention is directed toward the more dangerous substances which include many organic compounds, especially pesticides, and some inorganic materials. The most important have been the radioactive isotopes. New analytical methods have been developed over the past decade, with particular emphasis on the analysis of body fluids. Although the medical aspects of industrial toxicology are obviously of great importance, this book seeks to outline those aspects which are the primary concern of the chemist, engineer, and factory manager. A general treatment of industrial poisons and the more important chemical and biochemical tests and physiological methods of evaluating hazards are discussed in the first chapters. In chapters 3 through 10
Immunocytochemical localization of endogenous anti-thrombin III in the vasculature of rat tissues reveals locations of anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (1994)

We localized endogenous anti-thrombin III (ATIII) by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical staining in cryostat and ultra-thin frozen sections of 10 different rat tissues, using rabbit alpha-human ATIII antibody that was shown to crossreact strongly with rat ATIII. EM immunocytochemical methods revealed discrete deposits of endogenous ATIII (absent after heparinase treatment), and thus by inference anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) at a resolution of 10-20 nm, or an order of magnitude better than autoradiography or LM. ATIII was found in variable amounts almost entirely in the subendothelial space of blood vessels in various rat tissues. In kidney, ATIII was found immediately beneath the endothelium, in concentrated clusters associated with the vascular basement membrane. Equally important is the observed variation in expression of ATIII in the various tissues studied (i.e., kidney > liver, aorta, lung, spleen, adrenal > intestine, muscle, brain). On the basis of these observations, we confirm a model in which vascular abluminal and, perhaps to a much smaller extent, luminal anticoagulantly active HSPGs regulate coagulation mechanism activity, either by serving as a reserve of anticoagulant or by modulating the ambient function of the coagulation cascade.
A Multilevel Memory Based on Proton-Doped Polyazomethine with an Excellent Uniformity in Resistive Switching (2012)

The uniformity of operating parameters in organic nonvolatile memory devices is very important to avoid false programming and error readout problems. In the present work, we fabricated an organic resistive-switching memory based on protonic-acid-doped polyazomethine (PA-TsOH), which demonstrates an excellent operative uniformity and multilevel storage capability. The deliberate tuning of the resistance states can be attributed to the electric-field-controlled molecular doping of the imine-containing polymers.
Stratigraphic Applications of Dipmeter Data in Mid-Continent: ABSTRACT (1967)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
An improved approximation algorithm for resource allocation (2011)

We study the problem of finding a most profitable subset of n given tasks, each with a given start and finish time as well as profit and resource requirement, that at no time exceeds the quantity B of available resource. We show that this NP-hard Resource Allocation problem can be (1/2 − ε)-approximated in randomized polynomial time, which improves upon earlier approximation results.