gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel member of glycoside hydrolase family 30 subfamily 8 with altered substrate specificity (2014)

Endoxylanases classified into glycoside hydrolase family 30 subfamily 8 (GH30-8) are known to hydrolyze the hemicellulosic polysaccharide glucuronoxylan (GX) but not arabinoxylan or neutral xylooligosaccharides. This is owing to the specificity of these enzymes for the α-1,2-linked glucuronate (GA) appendage of GX. Limit hydrolysis of this substrate produces a series of aldouronates each containing a single GA substituted on the xylose penultimate to the reducing terminus. In this work, the structural and biochemical characterization of xylanase 30A from Clostridium papyrosolvens (CpXyn30A) is presented. This xylanase possesses a high degree of amino-acid identity to the canonical GH30-8 enzymes, but lacks the hallmark β8-α8 loop region which in part defines the function of this GH30 subfamily and its role in GA recognition. CpXyn30A is shown to have a similarly low activity on all xylan substrates, while hydrolysis of xylohexaose revealed a competing transglycosylation reaction. These findings are directly compared with the model GH30-8 enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, XynC. Despite its high sequence identity to the GH30-8 enzymes, CpXyn30A does not have any apparent specificity for the GA appendage. These findings confirm that the typically conserved β8-α8 loop region of these enzymes influences xylan substrate specificity but not necessarily β-1,4-xylanase function.
Structure And Motion From Two Perspective Views Via Planar Patch (2005)

We present a method which uses both a planar patch and points for an analysis of time-varying imagery. From our theory, two pieces of information are required for the unique recovery of structure from motion. One is the image motion of a plane and the other one is the image motion of points not on the plane. For the former, one needs four points while for the latter one need two points. Our technique has the following characteristics: (i) it is efficient, (ii) it appears to be very robust over a wide range of simulations, (iii) it sheds some new light on some previous work, and (iv) it has geometric meaning for each step of the derivation of the solution.
Tungsten Molybdenum Carbide for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol (1987)

The electrocatalytic activity of WC and tungsten based double carbides are investigated mainly with the focus on methanol oxidation in sulfuric acid. Only Mo is found to be able to promote methanol oxidation activity. After optimizing the preparation method of carbides, the most active catalyst for methanol oxidation is found to be (W, Mo)C synthesized at 700°C with the atomic ratio for . This formulation shows a specific activity of 5 mA/g catalyst at 0.5V vs. RHE in at 50°C. Corrosion current is almost negligible at a potential up to 0.55V. It is also found that the presence of oxygen in the carbide increases the hydrogen evolution activity, while it is not made clear for methanol oxidation.
Host cell protein quantification by fourier transform mid infrared spectroscopy (FT‐MIR) (2012)

Process development in up- and downstream processing requires enhanced, non-time-consuming, and non-expensive monitoring techniques to track product purity, for example, the level of endotoxins, viral particles, and host cell proteins (HCPs). Currently, HCP amounts are measured by laborious and expensive HCP-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays best suited for measuring HCP amounts in the low concentration regime. The measurement of higher HCP amounts using this method requires dilution steps, adding dilution errors to the measurement. In this work we evaluated the suitability of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy for HCP quantification in process development, using clarified cell culture fluid from monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary-cells after treatment with different polyelectrolytes for semi-selective clarification. Forty undiluted samples were chosen for multivariate data analysis in the middle infrared range and predicted HCP-values were in good agreement with results obtained by an ELISA-assay, suggesting the suitability of this new method for HCP-quantification. As this method is able to quantify HCP titers ranging from approximately at least 20,000-200,000 ng mL(-1), it is suitable especially for monitoring of process development steps with higher HCP concentrations, omitting dilution errors associated with ELISA assays.
Surface recognition of biomacromolecules using nanoparticle receptors (2004)

Nanoparticles present a versatile scaffold to target biomacromolecule surfaces via complementary interactions. This review highlights some unique features of nanoparticles that make them particularly attractive resources for biomacromolecular recognition, and displays their use in modulation of structure and function of biomacromolecules.
Increased arginase activity contributes to airway remodelling in chronic allergic asthma (2011)

Airway remodelling, characterised by increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus gland hypertrophy, is a feature of chronic asthma. Increased arginase activity could contribute to these features via increased formation of polyamines and l-proline downstream of the arginase product l-ornithine, and via reduced nitric oxide synthesis. Using the specific arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH), we studied the role of arginase in airway remodelling using a guinea pig model of chronic asthma. Ovalbumin-sensitised guinea pigs were treated with ABH or PBS via inhalation before each of 12 weekly allergen or saline challenges, and indices of arginase activity, and airway remodelling, inflammation and responsiveness were studied 24 h after the final challenge. Pulmonary arginase activity of repeatedly allergen-challenged guinea pigs was increased. Allergen challenge also increased ASM mass and maximal contraction of denuded tracheal rings, which were prevented by ABH. ABH also attenuated allergen-induced pulmonary hydroxyproline (fibrosis) and putrescine, mucus gland hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway eosinophilia and interleukin-13, whereas an increased l-ornithine/l-citrulline ratio in the lung was normalised. Moreover, allergen-induced hyperresponsiveness of perfused tracheae was fully abrogated by ABH. These findings demonstrate that arginase is prominently involved in allergen-induced airway remodelling, inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in chronic asthma.
Separation of growth-stimulating peptides for<i>Bifidobacterium</i>from soybean conglycinin (2005)

The results have shown that conglycinin is good source for enzyme-mediated production of peptides which stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria. These peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein but can be released during enzymatic hydrolysis, and in vivo experiments demonstrate that conglycinin peptides may be beneficial for improving gastrointestinal health.
Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts for Use in the Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease: From the Bench to the Clinic and Back Again (2012)

Since the first tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) was implanted in a child over a decade ago, growth in the field of vascular tissue engineering has been driven by clinical demand for improved vascular prostheses with performance and durability similar to an autologous blood vessel. Great strides were made in pediatric congenital heart surgery using the classical tissue engineering paradigm, and cell seeding of scaffolds in vitro remained the cornerstone of neotissue formation. Our second-generation bone marrow cell-seeded TEVG diverged from tissue engineering dogma with a design that induces the recipient to regenerate vascular tissue in situ. New insights suggest that neovessel development is guided by cell signals derived from both seeded cells and host inflammatory cells that infiltrate the graft. The identification of these signals and the regulatory interactions that influence cell migration, phenotype and extracellular matrix deposition during TEVG remodeling are yielding a next-generation TEVG engineered to guide neotissue regeneration without the use of seeded cells. These developments represent steady progress towards our goal of an off-the-shelf tissue-engineered vascular conduit for pediatric congenital heart surgery.
Profiles of physician practice and patient severity of illness. (1986)

We report on a study that examined physician practice profiles using two methods of patient classification: the Severity of Illness Index and diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). When used together with conventional management information and DRGs, the Severity of Illness Index permitted useful comparisons to be made among physicians; differences in both case-mix and severity could be estimated. In 37 per cent of the physicians studied, we found differences of more than $10,000 in the apparent impact of a physician on the hospital's financial position, depending on whether one controlled for severity or not. The extent to which these differences in impact could be due to quality of care differences is an area for future research. However, the findings that 37 per cent of the physicians in the study may be wrongly identified as over- or under-utilizers suggest long-term public health consequences of preparing physician profiles based on unadjusted DRGs.
Proxying: The Next Step in Reducing IT Energy Use (2010)

Proxying is a simple and effective means of allowing network hosts to sleep while maintaining network presence. It is the use of a low-power entity to maintain presence on the network for a high-power device like a PC. The component that does this, the proxy, can be internal to a device (for example, in the network interface chip within a PC), in an immediately adjacent network switch or router, or even another PC on the subnet. The proxy enables a host to transition into and out of sleep transparently to the network. Use of a proxy requires no infrastructure changes such as changing existing protocols, or maintaining state in routers or switches. Network connectivity proxying offers a chance to both save large amounts of energy and add functionality, at very low cost.
Visible optical isolator using ZnSe (1977)

A compact Faraday effect optical isolator was constructed for visible wavelengths and tested at 5145 A. The nonreciprocal element of the isolator was polycrystalline zinc selenide placed in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. For 5145 A the isolator had a 2.06-dB insertion loss and a 25.5-dB isolation. Indices of refraction and Verdet constants were measured for zinc selenide in the wavelengthregion from 4700 to 6300 A.
De-Constraining Text Generation (1998)

These data suggest that antisense suppression of MAdCAM-1 is of equivalent effectiveness to that of anti-MAdCAM-1 or anti-alpha4 integrin antibody in previous reports and could be a new therapy for IBD.
Predicting the quality of user contributions via LSTMs (2016)

In many collaborative systems it is useful to automatically estimate the quality of new contributions; the estimates can be used for instance to flag contributions for review. To predict the quality of a contribution by a user, it is useful to take into account both the characteristics of the revision itself, and the past history of contributions by that user. In several approaches, the user's history is first summarized into a number of features, such as number of contributions, user reputation, time from previous revision, and so forth. These features are then passed along with features of the current revision to a machine-learning classifier, which outputs a prediction for the user contribution. The summarization step is used because the usual machine learning models, such as neural nets, SVMs, etc. rely on a fixed number of input features. We show in this paper that this manual selection of summarization features can be avoided by adopting machine-learning approaches that are able to cope with temporal sequences of input.
Decadal Change in Vegetation and Soil Phosphorus Pattern across the Everglades Landscape (2003)

Wetlands respond to nutrient enrichment with characteristic increases in soil nutrients and shifts in plant community composition. These responses to eutrophication tend to be more rapid and longer lasting in oligotrophic systems. In this study, we documented changes associated with water quality from 1989 to 1999 in oligotrophic Everglades wetlands. We accomplished this by resampling soils and macrophytes along four transects in 1999 that were originally sampled in 1989. In addition to documenting soil phosphorus (P) levels and decadal changes in plant species composition at the same sites, we report macrophyte tissue nutrient and biomass data from 1999 for future temporal comparisons. Water quality improved throughout much of the Everglades in the 1990s. In spite of this improvement, though, we found that water quality impacts worsened during this time in areas of the northern Everglades (western Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge [NWR] and Water Conservation Area [WCA] 2A). Zones of high soil P (exceeding 700 mg P kg(-1) dry wt. soil) increased to more than 1 km from the western margin canal into the Loxahatchee NWR and more than 4 km from northern boundary canal into WCA-2A. This doubling of the high soil P zones since 1989 was paralleled with an expansion of cattail (Typha spp.)-dominated marsh in both regions. Macrophyte species richness declined in both areas from 1989 to 1999 (27% in the Loxahatchee NWR and 33% in WCA-2A). In contrast, areas well south of the Everglades Agricultural Area, induding WCA-3A and Everglades National Park (ENP), did not decline during this time. We found no significant decadal change in plant community patterns from 1989 and 1999 along transects in southern WCA-3A or Shark River Slough (ENP). Our 1999 sampling also included a new transect in Taylor Slough (ENP), which will allow change analysis here in the future. Regular sampling of these transects, to verify decadal-scale environmental impacts or improvements, will continue to be an important tool for long-term management and restoration of the Everglades.
Conductivity of quasi-one-dimensional metal systems (1978)

Abstract A new technique is constructed for treatment of one-dimensional and quasione-dimensional metal systems with random impurities. The technique is applied for calculation of conductivity in several systems (see contents). The influence of impurity scattering on electron pairing is discussed (§ 3).
Sizing of lecithin-bile salt mixed micelles by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (1990)

Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography with a TSK 5000 PW column was shown to be a fast and relatively inexpensive method for the size determination of lecithin-bile salt mixed micelles. Perturbation of the equilibrium between aqueous soluble and micellar bile salts during elution was avoided by preequilibration of the column with buffer containing the aqueous soluble concentration of the bile salt. Elution volumes were converted to size dimensions from a calibration curve produced from the elution volumes of proteins and small unilamellar vesicles of known size. Micelle sizes determined for several different lecithin-bile salt mixtures were consistent with those obtained by other techniques. The well-known hyperbolic increase in mixed micelle size as the lecithin to bile salt ratio approaches the micellar-vesicle phase limit was reproduced with this chromatographic technique. On the basis of these data and the recent observation by small-angle neutron scattering that lecithin-bile salt micelles increase in size by the elongation of constant-diameter rods [Hjelm et al. (1988) J. Appl. Crystallogr. 21, 858-863], a new model for the mixed micelle structure is proposed. According to this model, separation of the lecithin head groups by bile salts inserted along the rod surface produces a radial orientation of lecithin molecules along the length of the rod. Each end of the rod is sealed off by a lecithin-bile salt configuration that is richer in bile salts than the rod portion of the micelle. A simple mathematical description of this model predicts the observed changes in micellar size as a function of the lecithin-bile salt ratio with parameters that are consistent with lecithin and bile salt molecular dimensions.
Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Kinovea software for measurement of shoulder range of motion (2016)

Goniometry is a tool used frequently for measuring and documenting range of motion (ROM) during a physical therapy examination. With modern innovations in technology, new methods other than the universal goniometer have been applied. Kinovea software is a recent video-based method that uses a virtual goniometer to obtain values for the ROM of joints. However, the software’s reliability in measuring shoulder joint ROM has not been studied. This study was conducted to investigate the inter-rater and intrarater reliability of Kinovea software for measuring shoulder joint ROM in healthy individuals. Shoulder joint ROM was measured in 52 healthy individuals (mean±SD age was 26.7±4.2 years) using Kinovea photographic measurements by three trained raters. Intrarater reliability was examined by a single rater within the same day. Shoulder flexion, abduction, and external and internal rotation ROM were measured with the patient in supine position. The inter-rater reliability ranged from an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.95 to 0.98, whereas the intrarater reliability ranged from an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.98 to 0.99. This study showed highly reliable shoulder joint ROM measurements in healthy adults using the Kinovea software.
Highly efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with simplified device geometry (2008)

We report on the performance of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on the well-known host 4,4′-di(carbazol-9-yl)-biphenyl and the green phosphor emitter fac tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2′) iridium. Using a spin-coated hole-injection/transport layer of poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) and a hole-blocking/electron-transport layer of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, devices with efficiencies of 21.2% and 72cd∕A at 100cd∕m2 were obtained in a simplified device geometry that requires the deposition of only two organic layers from the vapor phase.
Exploring Rootkit Detectors' Vulnerabilities Using a New Windows Hidden Driver Based Rootkit (2010)

More and more malware writers are taking advantage of rootkits to shield their illegal activities. Any computer security products that are not equipped with the anti-rootkit functionality may not identify this kind of threat. Thus, the role of a rootkit detector is becoming extremely important. Though much research has been focused on kernel data to develop schemes for finding malicious behaviors and undoubtedly they can effectively detect hooking based or virtual machine based rootkits in Linux or Windows, they cannot foresee what the result is when meeting unknown Windows DKOM (Direct Kernel Object Manipulation) based rootkits. In this paper, we develop a new Windows driver-hidden rootkit with five tricks based on DKOM, and have verified that it can successfully avoid a variety of well-known rootkit detectors. This paper spots the weaknesses of current detectors, and also discusses possible remedies and solution for detecting the proposed subtle rootkit. We expect that this research will contribute to the development of rootkit detection methods for Windows hidden driver based rootkits.
Enhancement of glycine receptor function by ethanol: role of phosphorylation (1998)

1. The effects of several kinase inhibitors (staurosporine, GF 109203X, H89, KN62, genistein) and of the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A were studied on the ethanol potentiation and on the function of homomeric alpha1 glycine receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes using a two electrode voltage clamp recording technique. 2. The function of the homomeric alpha1 glycine receptor was not modified in Xenopus oocytes pretreated with kinase inhibitors or with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. 3. The potentiation of the glycine receptor function induced by ethanol (10-200 mM) was significantly reduced in Xenopus oocytes pretreated with the PKC inhibitors staurosporine or GF 109203X. 4. No differences in propofol (2.5 microM) or halothane (250 microM) actions were found after exposure of Xenopus oocytes to staurosporine. 5. No differences in ethanol sensitivity were found after exposure of Xenopus oocytes expressing glycine alpha1 receptors to H89, KN62, genistein or to the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. 6. The mutant alpha1 (S391A), in which the PKC phosphorylation site at serine 391 was mutated to alanine, was less sensitive to the effects of ethanol than was the alpha1 wild type receptor. Moreover, the ethanol potentiation of the glycine receptor function was not affected by treatment with staurosporine in oocytes expressing alpha1 (S391A). 7. The splice variant of the alpha1 glycine receptor subunit, alpha1ins, containing eight additional amino acids and a potential phosphorylation site for PKA, did not differ from wild type for sensitivity to ethanol. 8. These results indicate that phosphorylation by PKC of the homomeric alpha1 glycine receptor subunit modulates ethanol potentiation, but not the function of the glycine receptor.
PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION OF Ti-N-C FILMS (1993)

Plasma chemical vapour deposited (PCVD) Ti-N-C films with different C
and N contents were examined, in comparison with C-free ones, by XPS, AES, XRD, SEM
and microhardness testing. The PCVD Ti-N-C film may attribute its superior wear resist-
ance to its high microhardness and dense structure. The variety of valence state of oxygen
atoms adsorbed on Ti-N-C or TiN film surface was detected by AES and XPS analyses.
Whether or not sufficient C atoms, existing in the lattice of the films seems to be decisive. Dif-
ferent states of oxygen adsorbed may cause different modes of abrasive damage of film.
CD 7 positive acute myeloid leukaemia: a subtype associated with cell immaturity (1989)

Seventeen patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) whose blasts co-expressed the T-cell associated CD7 antibody were identified among 160 consecutive AML cases. Fourteen had FAB defined AML according to morphocytochemical criteria, whereas three patients were classified as 'MO' on the basis of immunophenotype. The incidence of CD7 positively was particularly significant in the less differentiated subtypes M0 and M1 compared with other FAB groups (P less than 0.001). In all cases the myeloid determinants CD13 and/or CD33 were associated with CD7 expression. Other B-lymphoid (CD10, CD19) or T-lymphoid (CD2, surface and cytoplasmic CD3) markers were analysed and found to be negative. Five out of 15 cases examined were TdT+. Clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and/or T-cell receptor (TcR) beta chain genes were identified in only three out of 13 cases. Among these, one out of five co-expressing TdT showed IgH rearrangement when analysed at the DNA level. Clinical features at presentation and response to induction therapy did not allow us to consider CD7+ AML patients as a distinct subgroup with prognostic significance. Our data indicate that CD7 expression is a common finding in immature AML, being generally found in the absence of other T-cell features. Rather than suggesting the occurrence of 'mixed leukaemia', such cases confirm a broader spectrum of CD7 reactivity and its possible identification of a particular subset of myeloid progenitors.