gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional profiling of the transition from normal intestinal epithelia to adenomas and carcinomas in the APC<sup>Min/+</sup> mouse (2003)

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that result in excessive beta-catenin-induced cell signaling are implicated in the risk of colon cancer. Although the mechanism of APC-mediated tumorigenesis is known, the pathways that translate beta-catenin signaling into tumor growth in vivo are undefined. To address this, gene expression profiles of normal intestinal epithelial cells were compared with those from adenomas and carcinomas from APC(Min/+) mice, a model of APC-related colorectal cancer. The gene expression profiles of adenomas and carcinomas were very similar, which is consistent with the theory that carcinomas progress from adenomas in this model system. Tumors had altered transcript abundance for members of several pathways that influence cell growth and proliferation including growth factors/receptors, molecules involved in apoptosis, and protein processing and catabolism enzymes. Comparison of gene expression between adenomas and carcinomas revealed nine differentially expressed transcripts. These included members of three growth-regulating pathways, and the results are consistent with the increased growth potential of carcinomas. SRY-box containing gene 17 (Sox 17), a negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling, and calbindin-D9K, a factor that enhances calcium transport, were more highly expressed in adenomas than carcinomas (approximately 4-fold and 15- to 22-fold, respectively). Transcript abundance for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, which mediates insulin-like growth factor function, was 2.6-fold greater in carcinomas. Because the changes in gene expression observed in this study are directly associated with a deficiency in APC, the data provide new insights into how loss of this important tumor suppressor translates into benign and malignant tumor growth.
DIMENSIONAL STUDY ON BRICK MASONRY BREWERY BELONGED TO NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BREWING (2003)

This paper deals with the measure planning of a clay brick masonry brewery designed by Yorinaka TSUMAKI build in 1903, on the basis of documents possessed by the institute and the survey on site. The results are as follows. The measure entered in the drawing paper was abnormally so much detailed, because of the modular size of masonry units was considered only in the thickness of brick walls. On the other hand, the modular coordination was not considered concerning the sizes of rooms. A detailed adjustment technique was adopted in the stage of construction. On the same wall, modular size of masonry units was very rare to be altered into an irregular size.
Relationships between plasma cytokine concentrations and leukocyte functional antigen expression in patients with sepsis (1994)

Objective: To determine the relationships between cytokine concentrations and alterations in leukocyte functional antigen expression in sepsis. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Respiratory, coronary, and medical intensive care units in a university hospital. Patients: Forty subjects consisting of: a) patients with severe sepsis, b) patients with sepsis, c) critically ill nonseptic patients, and d) normal controls. Interventions: None. Measurements: Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peripheral blood monocyte HLA-DR and CD14 expression and neutrophil CD11b expression were determined by flow cytometry. Measurements were taken within 24 hrs of admission to the intensive care unit and/or clinical presentation. Main Results: Significantly increased plasma IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α concentrations were observed in the severe sepsis group compared to normal controls. Increases in IL-1Ra were not significant. Monocyte HLA-DR expression, significantly decreased in patients with severe sepsis, was correlated both with IL-6 (p< .005) and IL-8 concentrations (p< .001). Both of these cytokines had close correlations to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores which were also correlated with monocyte HLA-DR. Neutrophil CD11b, which was increased in all infected patients, was significantly correlated with the ratio between IL-1 and IL-1Ra concentrations (p< .001). The percent of CD14+ monocytes was lowest in patients with severe sepsis and showed a significant covariate effect from IL-8 concentrations (p< .001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the expression of specific functional molecules on peripheral blood leukocytes is variably related to the net production of certain monokines in sepsis. (Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1595–1602)
A computer system for inference execution and data retrieval (1967)

This paper presents a RAND project concerned with the use of computers as assistants in the logical analysis of large collections of factual data. A system called the Relational Data File was developed for this purpose. The Relational Data File is briefly detailed and problems arising from its implementation are discussed.
Circuit Modeling of 3-D Cells to Design Versatile Full-Metal Polarizers (2019)

An original mechanism is here proposed to achieve polarization conversion from linear to circular with the use of full-metal polarizing screens. Such screens are self-supported and conceived from the periodic arrangement of 3-D unit cells. They are built from sections of rectangular waveguides operating below the cutoff frequency and loaded with slotted discontinuities. The polarizer operates in transmission mode; the discontinuities are responsible for both its high return losses and the conversion of the impinging linear polarization to circular. Two types of 3-D cells are presented, and both of them are analyzed and designed through equivalent circuit models (CMs). These models have been thoroughly built in order to capture all the phenomena underlying the discontinuities' behavior. The characterization of the first cell is fully done analytically, whereas the second cell needs reduced help from a full-wave solver. Furthermore, the CMs allow simple design guidelines to be identified for this type of polarizer. Two designs are performed operating in Ka-band, proving that an extension of the operation bandwidth (axial ratio and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ) to 11% is possible by employing the second cell.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Efficient Oxygenation of Primary Amines to Amides by a Supported Ruthenium Hydroxide Catalyst (2008)

Supporting green chemistry: The supported ruthenium hydroxide Ru(OH)x/Al2O3 acts as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxygenation of primary amines to primary amides (see scheme). Various primary amines (including aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic) are converted in aqueous media, using air as the sole oxidant and producing only water as a by-product.
Electron Density Matching as a Guide to Surfactant Design (2005)

The effectiveness at reducing interfacial tension between water and different organic solvents was studied, with 14 structurally different dichain sulfosuccinate surfactants. Variations in chemical structure ranged from linear/branched alkyl tail groups, to phenyl-tipped tail units, to partially and fully fluorinated tails. The solvents n-heptane, toluene, and perfluoroheptane were used as example oil phases. Interfacial activity was measured in terms of a reduced interfacial tension scale, R(IFT), based on the value in the presence of surfactants compared to that for the pure solvent-water interface. Overall surfactant chain structure was determined to be the key factor affecting R(IFT). Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between R(IFT) and the electron density rho(e) of the different surfactants: with any given oil, the most effective surfactants have rho(e) values closest to that for the solvent. For example, phenyl-tipped surfactants were shown to be comparatively more effective at the interface with an aromatic solvent (toluene) than with an aliphatic n-alkane (heptane). Furthermore, fluorination of the tail groups decreased effectiveness at the hydrocarbon/water interface, which was substantially increased at the fluorocarbon/water interface: this too followed the electron density-matching pattern. The importance of chain-tip chemical structure was also noted, with regard to the introduction of phenyl, CF3-, and H-CF2- terminal moieties. For branched alkyl-tailed surfactants, it was found that effectiveness could be linked to an empirical "branching factor". The significance of the electron density matching of organic solvent and surfactant for the prediction of interfacial activities is highlighted, and this concept may prove useful for the future design of new high-efficiency surfactants.
Continuous Time-Domain Analysis of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2007)

The COx is sensitive for loss of autoregulation attributable to hypotension and is a promising monitoring tool for determining optimal CPP for patients with acute brain injury.
A Novel Approach for Combat Vehicle Mobility Definition and Assessment (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Mobility assessment for combat vehicles is often a great challenge for the military due to various subjective attributes. The attributes' characteristics vary significantly depending on the vehicle type and its operating environments such as terrain, weather, and human factors. A clear definition and relationship between multiple attributes including human factors is necessary to assess mobility. To the best of authors' knowledge, many existing mobility assessment techniques use complex analytical methods and focus on individual attributes. In this paper, for the first time, the authors propose a novel approach to define vehicle mobility and its influencing attributes using qualitative linguistic fuzzy variables, which are defined as having values between 0 and 1. The authors also propose a fuzzy logic mobility (FLM) model and a simulation approach to assess a combat vehicle's mobility.</div></div>
Hypocalcaemia-induced pustular psoriasis-like skin eruption (2005)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 152, Issue 3 p. 591-593 Hypocalcaemia-induced pustular psoriasis-like skin eruption First published: 17 March 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06460.xCitations: 14 Young-Joon Seo. E-mail: seoyj4u@cnuh.co.kr Conflicts of interest: none declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume152, Issue3March 2005Pages 591-593 RelatedInformation
Coupling through a Small Aperture in a Waveguide (1970)

The problem of the waveguide coupled to an external load through a small aperture is expressed in terms of an integral equation. Solution of the latter yields an equivalent circuit for the load as seen from the waveguide. Holes in terminal planes and sidewall are considered separately. Some attention is also given to multiple-hole coupling.
Organotin(IV) chloride complexes with phosphocholine and dimyristoyl-L-?-phosphatidylcholine (2000)

Several complexes of R nSnCl4−n (R = Me, Ph, n= 1–3; R = nBu, n = 2, 3) with phosphocholine and dimyristoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (phospholipid) have been synthesized and characterized by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy and NMR. Triorganotin chlorides form complexes of (R3SnCl)2·L stoichiometry with a trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate tin environment, while the others form 1:1 complexes with an octahedral hexacoordinate tin environment, with the ligands coordinating through anionic phosphodiester moieties in all cases. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated PNA Analysis of Naphthas and Other Hydrocarbon Samples (1987)

A method is described for obtaining accurate, reproducible and repeatable paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic (PNA) analyses of hydrocarbon mixtures. Several examples of measured PNA values are given. The importance of the multicolumn technique is stressed. Using this approach, each component class can be determined at each carbon number without interference from other classes. The results are valid PNA quantitative analyses.
Reduced expression of glycolate oxidase leads to enhanced disease resistance in rice (2013)

Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is a key enzyme in photorespiration, catalyzing the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. Arabidopsis GLO is required for nonhost defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae and for tobacco Pto/AvrPto-mediated defense responses. We previously described identification of rice GLO1 that interacts with a glutaredoxin protein, which in turn interacts with TGA transcription factors. TGA transcription factors are well known to participate in NPR1/NH1-mediated defense signaling, which is crucial to systemic acquired resistance in plants. Here we demonstrate that reduction of rice GLO1 expression leads to enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo). Constitutive silencing of GLO1 leads to programmed cell death, resulting in a lesion-mimic phenotype and lethality or reduced plant growth and development, consistent with previous reports. Inducible silencing of GLO1, employing a dexamethasone-GVG (Gal4 DNA binding domain-VP16 activation domain-glucocorticoid receptor fusion) inducible system, alleviates these detrimental effects. Silencing of GLO1 results in enhanced resistance to Xoo, increased expression of defense regulators NH1, NH3, and WRKY45, and activation of PR1 expression.
Analytical Approach on Real-time Gait Planning for a Humanoid Robot (2005)

This paper studies the real-time gait planning for a humanoid robot. By simultaneously planning the trajectories of the COG (Center of Gravity) and the ZMP (Zero Moment Point), the fast and smooth change of gait can be realized. The change of gait is also realized by connecting the newly calculated trajectories to the current ones. While we propose two methods for connecting two trajectories, i.e. the real-time method and the quasi-real-time one, we show that the stable change of gait can be realized by using the quasi-real-time method even if the change of the step position is significant. The effectiveness of the proposed methods are confirmed by simulation and experiment.
Quantities, Symbols, Units, and Abbreviations in the Life Sciences: A Guide for Authors and Editors (1999)

Mathematics. Dimensionless Quantities. Arabic and Roman Numerals. Statistics. Greek Alphabet. Physics. Base Units. Space and Time. Classical Mechanics. Electricity and Magnetism. Radiation. Some Useful Physical and Mathematical Constants. Units of Logarithmic quantities. Chemistry and Biology. Right Subscripts. Left Subscripts. Right Superscripts. Left Superscripts. General Chemistry. Aggregation States. Chemical Elements. Physical Chemistry. Organic and Structural Chemistry. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Amino Acids. Sugars and Derivatives. Nucleic Acids Their Components and Derivatives. Plant Lectins. Vitamins. Miscellaneous Abbreviations in Biochemistry. Miscellaneous Abbreviations in Molecular Biology. Methods and Techniques in Biochemistry and Biophysics. Reagents and Technical Terms Related to Methods. Buffers. Enzyme Kinetics. Restriction Endonucleases. Cell Biology. Genetics. Chromosomes. Genes and Their Expression Products: Prokaryotes Eukaryotic Microorganisms Plants Animals. Taxonomy. Suffixes for Taxonomical Categories. Virology. Microbiology. Plant Physiology. Animal Physiology. Pharmacology. Immunology. Medicine. General. Diseases. Syndromes. Techniques. Soil Biology. Soil Phases. Soil Moisture Regime. Soil Temperature Regime. Vegetation. Soil Color. Soil Texture. Human-introduced Crops. Master Soil Horizons. Paleontology. Psychology. Units Uniquely Used. Acronyms for Tests Examinations etc. Acronyms for Terms. Notes on Abbreviations in General Use in Scientific Writing.
Semen analysis and sperm function testing (2011)

Despite controversy regarding the clinical value of semen analysis, male fertility investigation still relies on a standardized analysis of the semen parameters. This is especially true for infertility clinics in both developing and developed countries. Other optional tests or sophisticated technologies have not been widely applied. The current review addresses important changes in the analysis of semen as described in the new World Health Organization (WHO) manual for semen analysis. The most important change in the manual is the use of evidence-based publications as references to determine cutoff values for normality. Apart from the above mentioned changes, the initial evaluation and handling methods remain, in most instances, the same as in previous editions. Furthermore, the review evaluates the importance of quality control in andrology with emphasis on the evaluation of sperm morphology. WHO sperm morphology training programmes for Sub-Saharan countries were initiated at Tygerberg Hospital in 1995. The external quality control programme has ensured that the majority of participants have maintained their morphological reading skills acquired during initial training. This review reports on current sperm functional tests, such as the induced acrosome reaction, and sperm-zona pellucida binding assays, as well as the impact of sperm quality in terms of DNA integrity, and the relationship of sperm function tests to sperm morphology.
Self‐Organized Photonic Structures in Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (2004)

The creation of photonic structures in thin polymer films is reported. This involves replicating a micrometer-sized pattern onto a (poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid) PEDOT:PSS surface (see Figure) with conjugated polymers without compromising the efficiencies of the devices. The technique can be extended to flexible substrates, and in principle to conjugated polymer blends.
Panoramic Image Generation: From 2-D Sketch to Spherical Image (2020)

The 360-degree video/image, also called an omnidirectional video/image or panoramic video/image, is very important in some emerging areas such as virtual reality (VR). Therefore, corresponding image generation algorithms are urgently needed. However, existing image generation models mainly focus on 2-D images and do not consider the spherical structures of panoramic images. In this article, we propose a panoramic image generation method based on spherical convolution and generative adversarial networks, called spherical generative adversarial networks (SGANs). We adopt the sketch map as the input, which is a concise geometric structure representation of the panoramic image, e.g., comprising approximately 7% of the pixels for a 583 × 1163 image. Through adversarial learning, a realistic-looking, plausible and high-fidelity spherical image can be obtained from the sparse sketch map. In particular, we build a dataset of the sketch maps using a visual computation-based sketching model. Then, by optimizing SGANs with GAN loss, feature matching loss and perceptual loss, realistic textures and details are recovered gradually. On one hand, it is an improvement using the sparse sketch map as input rather than the denser input, e.g., the features of the textures and colors. On the other hand, spherical convolution helps to remedy space-varying distortions of the planar projection. We conduct extensive experiments on some public panoramic image datasets and compare them with state-of-the-art techniques to validate the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Capacity of wireless channels (2005)

In the previous two chapters, we studied specific techniques for communication over wireless channels. In particular, Chapter 3 is centered on the point-to-point communication scenario and there the focus is on diversity as a way to mitigate the adverse effect of fading. Chapter 4 looks at cellular wireless networks as a whole and introduces several multiple access and interference management techniques.
Dynamic memory allocation/deallocation behavior in Java programs (2004)

As the object-oriented paradigm becomes the mainstream paradigm on software development, due to its attractive features that can effectively divide a complex software problem into several independent modules, one of the object-oriented languages - Java, has become popular in recent years because it is widely used in the rapidly growing Internet computing. However, as with other object-oriented languages, Java has the big drawback of poor performance. One of the main causes of the performance deficiency is the extensive use of dynamic memory allocations and deallocations during object or array creations and destructions. Even a simple Othello applet game easily requires half a million of memory allocations for only one game play. After analysis of the memory allocation behavior of Java programs, it is concluded that about 99% of the allocations are of sizes less than 1024 bytes. The analysis also shows that most of the allocated chunks in small size will survive only a very short period of time and after they are garbage collected, they can be reused in the very near future. This implies the memory allocation/deallocation pattern in Java is bounded to a certain kind of locality. The information presented in this paper is a reference for designing an efficient hardware memory allocation/deallocation unit.
Directly color-tunable smart display based on a CMOS-controlled micro-LED array (2012)

We demonstrate a CMOS-controlled color-tunable micro-display system based on a micro-light emitting diode array made from one InGaN epitaxial structure. This system can also be used for high speed optical data transmission.
The residues AGDV of recombinant gamma chains of human fibrinogen must be carboxy-terminal to support human platelet aggregation. (1992)

The carboxy-terminus of the gamma chain of fibrinogen contains a sequence which is believed to be one of the domains that interacts with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa to support platelet aggregation. A normal variant of fibrinogen exists in which the four carboxy-terminal amino acids are replaced by 20 amino acids. This variant, known as gamma', has been reported to bind less effectively to platelets. The purpose of the present study was to engineer novel proteins to determine what differences in amino acid sequence between the gamma and gamma' chains influence the interaction of the carboxyterminus with GPIIb/IIIa. In this regard, the gamma chain cDNA in a bacterial plasmid expression vector was modified by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to produce recombinant gamma chains with amino acid changes in the carboxy-terminus which reflect the differences between gamma and gamma'. The recombinant gamma chain with an unmodified carboxy-terminus supported adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation to the same extent as intact fibrinogen. In contrast, the ability of gamma' 427 (the recombinant gamma' variant) and gamma 427 (where the 16 amino acid gamma' extension [412-427] was added to the carboxy-terminus of gamma) to support platelet aggregation was markedly reduced. In addition, the extent of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was decreased in the presence of gamma' 411 (where amino acids 408-411 in gamma were replaced with amino acids 408-411 in gamma'), while gamma 407 (where the four carboxy-terminal amino acids were deleted) was not capable of supporting aggregation. These findings demonstrate that the four residues AGDV are not only required but must be carboxy-terminal to support platelet aggregation.