gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron diffraction study of ternary nitrides of the type R2Fe17N<i>x</i> (1991)

We have carried out neutron diffraction measurements on powder samples of Nd2Fe17Nx and Y2Fe17Nx at room temperature. The refinements of the neutron data indicate that the nitrogen atoms occupy the 9e interstices in the nitride Nd2Fe17Nx (Th2Zn17 type, R3̄m) or the 6h interstices in the nitride Y2Fe17Nx (Th2Ni17 type, P63/mmc), respectively. At room temperature, both Nd2Fe17Nx and Y2Fe17Nx adopt a magnetic structure in which the easy magnetization direction is perpendicular to the c axis. Using the above results, we have briefly discussed the effect of a nitrogenation on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the Sm sublattice of Sm2Fe17Nx.
Supertag—stock counting off its trolley (1994)

Examines the “Supertag” automatic identification system which is an innovative electronic replacement for barcodes and which can also function as an anti shoplifting device. Each Supertag is a single integrated circuit chip plus a printed flat aerial. Using radio links, Supertag readers are capable of multiple identification and counting at electronic speed. Outlines the technical developments which brought about “electronic counting” and compares them with conventional RFID systems. Describes the potential used for Supertag including its ability to “read” the entire contents of a supermarket trolley in a second, making it very attractive for use in the retail industry.
Coarse integral volumetric imaging with flat screen and wide viewing angle (2011)

Coarse integral volumetric imaging (CIVI) combines multiview and volumetric display solutions and presents undistorted floating 3D image by correcting distortion of volumetric image for each view. In the conventional CIVI with limited viewing angle, distortions of image planes can be approximated to be parabolic in the direction of depth, while those in horizontal and vertical directions can be ignored. When the viewing angle becomes wider, however, this approximation cannot realize presentation of undistorted image. To cope with the strong distortions, the method the authors propose calculate z-coordinate of the generated real image is in detail and depicts each pixel on the display panel of the corresponding depth. Also distortions in horizontal and vertical directions are corrected by using texture mapping. To attain precise correction in vertical, horizontal and depth directions, optical paths of light rays between the display panel and each viewpoint are calculated with an optical simulator. Color aberration can also be corrected by mapping red, green and blue textures separately based on the result of the optical simulation.
<i>Flaviviridae</i> Viruses and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis (2019)

Oxidative stress is induced once the balance of generation and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is broken in the cell, and it plays crucial roles in a variety of natural and diseased processes. Infections of <i>Flaviviridae</i> viruses trigger oxidative stress, which affects both the cellular metabolism and the life cycle of the viruses. Oxidative stress associated with specific viral proteins, experimental culture systems, and patient infections, as well as its correlations with the viral pathogenesis attracts much research attention. In this review, we primarily focus on hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) as representatives of <i>Flaviviridae</i> viruses and we summarize the mechanisms involved in the relevance of oxidative stress for virus-associated pathogenesis. We discuss the current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by <i>Flaviviridae</i> viruses and highlight the relevance of autophagy and DNA damage in the life cycle of viruses. Understanding the crosstalk between viral infection and oxidative stress-induced molecular events may offer new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.
Adaptive blind calibration of gain and timing mismatches in a time-interleaved ADC - A performance analysis (2012)

Gain and timing mismatches in a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC) are a type of frequency response mismatches with linear-phase and constant magnitude. They significantly effect the performance of a TI-ADC. This paper presents a performance analysis of an adaptive blind calibration technique for gain and timing mismatches in a TI-ADC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of this technique to different type of input signals through simulation results.
Valve Design for Extracting Response Functions from Hydraulic Systems Using Pseudorandom Binary Signals (2008)

The analysis of the dynamic response of a pressurized water pipeline system is important for the design and also the integrity monitoring of these systems. An efficient method for summarizing the behavior of a pipeline system is through the determination of their system response functions. These functions can be extracted by injecting a pressure signal with a wide bandwidth that persists over the length of a pipeline system. Unlike electrical and mechanical systems, generating such signals in pressurized water systems is difficult. Valves capable of generating a signal against the system back-pressure often lack the necessary maneuverability to ensure the signal is sharp (and hence with high-frequency content) and the generated transient is often large in amplitude, risking damage to the system. A method for generating a small amplitude transient signal with a wide band of frequencies is desirable. This paper presents the design for a side discharge valve for generating a pseudorandom binary sequence of pressure changes that are of a small magnitude in relation to the steady state head of the pipeline. The pseudorandom pressure sequence is used to provide an estimate of the system response function. The continuous form of the signal allows the amplitude of each individual pulse within the signal to be small while maintaining the same signal bandwidth. The valve has been tested experimentally and was found to provide a good match with the theoretical response of the pipeline. The method provides a practical alternative to frequency sweeping using sinusoidal signals or sharp valve closures for the extraction of the response functions. Once determined, the system response function can be utilized to detect system faults such as leaks and blockages.
Comparison of Losses and Flux Distribution in 3 Phase 100 kVA Distribution Transformers Assembled from Various Type of T-Joint Geometry (2006)

This paper describes results of an investigation of the variation of power loss, building factor, flux leakage and flux distribution in 3-phase model transformer cores assembled from various type of T-joint geometry. The loss of the core with T-joint 60o was 10%, 12% and 15% better than the core with T-joint 45o, T-joint 23o and T-joint 90o respectively and 1.7 T, 50 Hz. The flux lines showed that flux penetration into the central limb was an important factor in causing the differences in performance.
S-SEED-based photonic switching network demonstration (1990)

We implemented part of a multistage switching networkby optically interconnecting three 16 × 8 symmetric-self-electro-opticeffect-device (S-SEED) arrays. The inputs consisted of 64 data and 64 control signals, which were first converted to differential format, fanned out by 2, and then switched through an array of 64, 2×1 switching nodes. The data inputs were generated by a matrix of 64 fibers and identical control signals were sent to all 64 switch nodes by a control laser and an 8 × 8 binary-phase grating. The S-SEEDs have 5×10 µ m windows on a 20 µ m pitch, and they were operated as arrays of NAND and NOR gates. Crossover interconnections were used both between and within switch node stages. Logic-level nonuniformity and noise-margin difficulties that were present in an earlier experiment 1 have been reduced, and fully functional, relatively stable operation has been achieved. Details of the architecture, optical hardware, and system performance will be presented.
Data-Driven Job Search Engine Using Skills and Company Attribute Filters (2017)

According to a report online [34], more than 200 million unique users search for jobs online every month. This incredibly large and fast growing demand has enticed software giants such as Google and Facebook to enter this space, which was previously dominated by companies such as LinkedIn, Indeed, Dice and CareerBuilder. Recently, Google released their “AIpowered Jobs Search Engine”, “Google For Jobs” [30] while Facebook released “Facebook Jobs” within their platform [32]. These current job search engines and platforms allow users to search for jobs based on general narrow filters such as job title, date posted, experience level, company and salary. However, they have severely limited filters relating to skill sets such as C++, Python, and Java and company related attributes such as employee size, revenue, technographics and micro-industries. These specialized filters can help applicants and companies connect at a very personalized, relevant and deeper level. In this paper we present a framework that provides an end-to-end “Data-driven Jobs Search Engine”. This consists of comprehensive search filters including user skill set-focused attributes and various company attributes. In addition, users can also receive potential contacts of recruiters and senior positions for connection and networking opportunities. The high level implementation of the framework is described as follows: 1) Collect job postings data in the United States, 2) Extract meaningful tokens from the postings data using ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) pipelines, 3) Normalize the data set to link company names to their specific company websites, 4) Extract and ranking the skill sets, 5) Link the company names and websites to their respective company level attributes with the EVERSTRING Company API, 6) Run user-specific search queries on the database to identify relevant job postings and 7) Rank the job search results. This framework offers a highly customizable and highly targeted search experience for end users. This framework also enables deeper analytics on the job market as a whole by providing many advanced segmenting dimensions vis-a-vis the skills-based semantic data and company level attributes.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Tau by the Src Family Kinases Lck and Fyn (2011)

Fyn and Lck have subtle differences in their properties as tau kinases, and the phosphorylation of tau is one mechanism by which the genetic risk associated with Lck might be expressed pathogenically.
Ranging and Three-Dimensional Imaging Using Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting and Point-by-Point Acquisition (2007)

Time-correlated single-photon counting techniques have been applied to time-of-flight ranging and imaging. This article describes recent progress in photon-counting systems performing surface mapping using point-by-point acquisition of noncooperative targets at short ranges of the order of 1-50 m, as well as measurements on distributed targets at longer ranges of the order of a 100 m to a few kilometers. We describe the measurement approach, the signal analysis methodology and algorithm selection.
Iron porphyrin-nitrene complexes: preparation from 1,1-dialkylhydrazines. Electronic structure from NMR, Moessbauer, and magnetic susceptibility studies and crystal structure of the [tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato][(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyl)nitrene]iron complex (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIron porphyrin-nitrene complexes: preparation from 1,1-dialkylhydrazines. Electronic structure from NMR, Moessbauer, and magnetic susceptibility studies and crystal structure of the [tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato][(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyl)nitrene]iron complexJean Pierre Mahy, Pierrette Battioni, Daniel Mansuy, Jean Fisher, Raymond Weiss, Joel Mispelter, Irene Morgenstern-Badarau, and Pierre GansCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6, 1699–1706Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00318a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00318a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views739Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Schadstoffen in Baumwurzeln auf der Spur (2000)

Ein funktionsfähiger Boden gilt als wichtiger Faktor für ein normales Wachstum der Bäume im Wald. Zivilisationsbedingter Säureeintrag über die Atmosphäre verändert heute jedoch rasch den Zustand des Waldbodens. Namentlich die erhöhte Freisetzung von potentiell toxischen Schadstoffen wie Aluminium und Schwermetallen als Folge der beschleunigten Bodenversauerung ist ein Risikofaktor für die Bäume, insbesondere für Wurzelwachstum und Nährstoff- sowie Wasseraufnahme. Indem die Schadstoffe an und in den Wurzelzellen gebunden werden, haben die Wurzeln aber auch eine bedeutende Schutzfunktion. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir im speziellen die Filterwirkung von Feinwurzeln gegenüber potentiell toxischen Schadstoffen im Boden.
Ecologia da paisagem e suas aplicações profissionais em Portugal: os casos da gestão florestal e da conservação da biodiversidade (2012)

Neste trabalho avalia-se a aplicação da ecologia da paisagem à prática profissional em duas áreas distintas: a gestão florestal e a conservação da natureza e da biodiversidade. A partir de uma hipótese, de acordo com a qual a elevada aplicabilidade da ecologia da paisagem a determinadas áreas e a vasta experiência formativa nesta disciplina em Portugal deveria ser traduzida por um elevado número de aplicações práticas nos âmbitos da conservação da biodiversidade e a gestão florestal, avaliamos um conjunto de indicadores de utilização da estrutura teórica, dos conceitos e dos métodos desta disciplina a partir da análise de um conjunto de documentos concebidos a diferentes níveis organizacionais. Os resultados indicam que a presença da ecologia da paisagem nestas duas áreas profissionais é muito ténue, sendo muito poucos os casos onde é clara a influência da disciplina na conceção e desenvolvimento de políticas, planos e projetos. As explicações para esta situação podem envolver simultaneamente insuficiência de transferência de conhecimento da ecologia da paisagem para o mundo profissional e uma não sincronização entre a formação académica e a aplicação.
Topic Detection in Instant Messages (2014)

In the past few years, instant messaging (IM) has been widely used in daily communication. However, due to the dispersion of topics and meaningless chatting, online IM groups are filled with useless messages. In order to help IM users capture what the IM group is talking about without reading all the messages, topic discovery in instant messages becomes a significant but challenging research task. In this paper, we propose a new method for topic detection in instant messages, which is applicable for the case where 1) useless terms keep emerging, 2) the instant messages are very short, and 3) multiple languages are used. The basic step is to treat each message in an online group discussion as a data item in message stream, and then apply PLSA on the collected instant messages. One strategy is designed to segment multilingual message without utilizing machine translation and remove the useless words that keep emerging. Extensive experiments conducted on the real world QQ group data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Kinectin, an Essential Anchor for Kinesin-Driven Vesicle Motility (1995)

The membrane anchor for the molecular motor kinesin is a critical site involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the cytoplasmic surface of chick brain microsomes were used to define proteins involved in microtubule-dependent transport. One of four antibodies tested inhibited plus-end-directed vesicle motility by approximately 90 percent even as a monovalent Fab fragment and reduced kinesin binding to vesicles. This antibody bound to the cytoplasmic domain of kinectin, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that binds to kinesin. Thus, kinectin acted as a membrane anchor protein for kinesin-driven vesicle motility.
PEGylated Interferon Beta-1a: Meeting an Unmet Medical Need in the Treatment of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (2010)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system for which a number of disease-modifying therapies are available, including interferon beta (Avonex®, Rebif®, and Betaseron/Betaferon®), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone®), and an anti-VLA4 monoclonal antibody (Tysabri®). Despite the availability and efficacy of these protein and peptide drugs, there remains a significant number of patients who are untreated, including those with relatively mild disease who choose not to initiate therapy, those wary of injections or potential adverse events associated with therapy, and those who have stopped therapy due to perceived lack of efficacy. Since these drugs have side effects that may affect a patient's decision to initiate and to remain on treatment, there is a need to provide a therapy that is safe and efficacious but that requires a reduced dosing frequency and hence a concomitant reduction in the frequency of side effects. Here we describe the development of a PEGylated form of interferon beta-1a that is currently being tested in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients, with the aim of determining the safety and efficacy of 125 microg administered via the subcutaneous route every 2 or 4 weeks.
Cytotoxicity of Mifepristone via Calcium Modulation In Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2009)

Mifepristone (MIF)은 프로게스테론 유사체이며, 강한 항프로게스테론 효과 때문에 전립선암 치료에 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MIF의 세포독성효과가 세포 내 칼슘농도 조절에 의한 것임을 밝힌다. 5-40 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>M의 MIF를 처리 시 LNCaP 전립선암세포의 성장이 농도와 시간의존적으로 감소하였다. 반대로, 세포 내 칼슘의 레벨은 MIF의 처리시간과 농도도 의존적으로 증가하였다. MIF를 처리한 세포를 PI 혹은 Hoechst로 염색한 결과, 전형적인 세포자살의 징후인 응축된 염색질과 핵 조각단편들이 관찰되었다. 이들 세포자살징후 역시 MIF의 처리시간과 농도가 증가 할수록 심화되었다. 세포자살에 직접적으로 관여하는 중요한 단백질인 Bcl-2 그룹 단백질의 발현을 조사해 본 결과, 세포자살 억제단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 MIF처리시 치명적으로감소하였고, 대신에 세포자살 촉진단백질인 Bax의 발현은 2배로 증대되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 MIF의 세포독성효과는 세포 내의 칼슘조절에 따른 세포자살에 의한 것으로 생각된다. MIF is a progesterone analogue and is known as a potent progesterone antagonist. Although MIF has been known to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth, its molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. In the present study, when the cells were treated for 2-4 days with 5-40 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>M of MIF, the growth and viability of LNCaP cells were significantly decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When the cells, cultivated in a normal 2 mM calcium concentration medium, were treated with 15 <TEX>$\mu$</TEX>M MIF for 1 day, the intracellular calcium level increased by 26% compared to the control. Similar results were also found in cells located in the calcium-free reaction buffer, indicating that MIF induced the increase of intracellular Ca<TEX>$^{2+}$</TEX> levels, regardless of the presence of calcium in the surrounding medium. In the cells treated with various concentrations of MIF, the intracellular calcium levels increased in a dose dependent manner. Cells treated with MIF revealed typical early apoptotic signs, i.e., chromosome condensation and nuclei fragmentation. In cells treated with 40 11M MIF, Bcl-2 decreased to 19% of the control. The expression of Bax increased to almost 2 fold of the control. These results demonstrated very clearly that MIF treatment blocks the expression of Bcl-2 but stimulates the expression of Bax. According to the results of the present investigation, the apoptotic mechanism of MIF is triggered by intracellular modulation.
Inhibition of <i>trans</i>-Retinoic Acid-Resistant Human Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Retinoid X Receptor-Selective Retinoids (1997)

All-trans-retinoic acid (trans-RA) and other retinoids exert anticancer effects through two types of retinoid receptors, the RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Previous studies demonstrated that the growth-inhibitory effects of trans-RA and related retinoids are impaired in certain estrogen-independent breast cancer cell lines due to their lower levels of RAR alpha and RARbeta. In this study, we evaluated several synthetic retinoids for their ability to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in both trans-RA-sensitive and trans-RA-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrate that RXR-selective retinoids, particularly in combination with RAR-selective retinoids, could significantly induce RARbeta and inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of trans-RA-resistant, RAR alpha-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells but had low activity against trans-RA-sensitive ZR-75-1 cells that express high levels of RAR alpha. Using gel retardation and transient transfection assays, we found that the effects of RXR-selective retinoids on MDA-MB-231 cells were most likely mediated by RXR-nur77 heterodimers that bound to the RA response element in the RARbeta promoter and activated the RARbeta promoter in response to RXR-selective retinoids. In contrast, growth inhibition by RAR-selective retinoids in trans-RA-sensitive, RAR alpha-expressing cells most probably occurred through RXR-RAR alpha heterodimers that also bound to and activated the RARbeta promoter. In MDA-MB-231 clones stably expressing RAR alpha, both RARbeta induction and growth inhibition by RXR-selective retinoids were suppressed, while the effects of RAR-selective retinoids were enhanced. Together, our results demonstrate that activation of RXR can inhibit the growth of trans-RA-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and suggest that low cellular RAR alpha may regulate the signaling switch from RAR-mediated to RXR-mediated growth inhibition in breast cancer cells.