gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of CD8+ T cells to innate immunity: IFN-γ secretion induced by IL-12 and IL-18 (2002)

The role of CD8+ T cells in adaptive immunity is well documented and involves numerous effector mechanisms including direct cytolysis of targets and secretion of cytokines. The role of CD8+ T cells in innate immunity has not been previously appreciated. Using J774 macrophages infected in vitro with the intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes (LM), we show that CD8+ T cells isolated from naïve C57BL/6 (B6) mice respond rapidly by secreting IFN-gamma. CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-gamma can also be found in naïve B6 mice 16 h after infection with LM. This rapid IFN-gamma response is TCR-independent and mediated through the actions of IL-12 and IL-18. Cell surface staining and cell sorting experiments indicate that these novel CD8+ T cells express memory markers. In vitro CFSE-labeling experiments show that IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells proliferate rapidly after 2 days in culture and after 4 days constitute the majority of the CD8+ T cell population. Together, these data suggest an important role for IFN-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells in the innate response to bacterial pathogens.
Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Monolithic Two-Color Light-Emitting Diodes Using an InGaN-Based Light Converter (2013)

Monolithic InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using a light converter fully grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy are demonstrated. The light converter, consisting of 10–40 InGaN/GaN quantum wells, is grown first, followed by a violet pump LED. The structure and growth conditions of the pump LED are specifically adapted to avoid thermal degradation of the light converter. Electroluminescence analysis shows that part of the pump light is absorbed by the light converter and reemitted at longer wavelength. Depending on the emission wavelength of the light converter, different LED colors are achieved. In particular, for red-emitting light converters, a color temperature of 2100 K corresponding to a tint between warm white and candle light is demonstrated.
<b>Sequence Note</b> : HIV Type 1 Subtype E in Commercial Sex Workers and Injection Drug Users in Southern Vietnam (1996)

Nationwide HIV-1 seroprevalence rates in Vietnam are estimated to be almost 10% for IV drug users (IVDUs), 3% for female prostitutes, and 2% for males attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. These estimated prevalences are comparable to those observed in the same risk groups in Thailand 5 years ago. Blood samples were analyzed from two female HIV-1-seropositive prostitutes and three male IVDUs in southern Vietnam during April and May 1995. HIV-1 infection was confirmed by nested PCR in all five samples. Sequence alignment and comparison of the 325-nucleotide region with the major HIV-1 subtypes from widely separated geographic regions indicate that the Vietnam HIV-1 strains are genetically most similar to virus strains from Thailand, diverging from well-characterized subtype E strains by 3.1-5.9% and 5.6-12.0% at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. The interstrain genetic variation among the Vietnam env sequences was 2.5-4.9%. None of the prostitutes and IVDUs studied had traveled to or worked in Thailand or Cambodia, and neither of the prostitutes used IV drugs, suggesting that they were infected sexually with indigenous strains circulating within Vietnam. The phylogenetic clustering of the Vietnam HIV-1 strains and their relative low degree of sequence variability are consistent with a founder effect and the recent introduction of HIV-1 subtype E.
Collagen in the scarless fetal skin wound: Detection with Picrosirius-polarization (2005)

Our group has developed an ovine model of deep dermal, partial-thickness burn where the fetus heals scarlessly and the lamb heals with scar. The comparison of collagen structure between these two different mechanisms of healing may elucidate the process of scarless wound healing. Picrosirius staining followed by polarized light microscopy was used to visualize collagen fibers, with digital capture and analysis. Collagen deposition increased with fetal age and the fibers became thicker, changing from green (type III collagen) to yellow/red (type I collagen). The ratio of type III collagen to type I was high in the fetus (166), whereas the lamb had a much lower ratio (0.2). After burn, the ratios of type III to type I collagen did not differ from those in control skin for either fetus or lamb. The fetal tissue maintained normal tissue architecture after burn while the lamb tissue showed irregular collagen organization. In conclusion, the type or amount of collagen does not alter significantly after injury. Tissue architecture differed between fetal and lamb tissue, suggesting that scar development is related to collagen cross-linking or arrangement. This study indicates that healing in the scarless fetal wound is representative of the normal fetal growth pattern, rather than a "response" to burn injury.
The effectiveness of SRAM network caches in clustered DSMs (2002)

The frequency of accesses to remote data is a key factor affecting the performance of all Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) systems. Remote data caching is one of the most effective and general techniques to fight processor stalls due to remote capacity misses in the processor caches. The design space of remote data caches (RDC) has many dimensions and one essential performance trade-off hit ratio versus speed. Some recent commercial systems have opted for large and slow (S)DRAM network caches (NC), but others completely avoid them because of their damaging effects on the remote/local latency ratio. In this paper we will explore small and fast SRAM network caches as a means to reduce the remote stalls and capacity traffic of multiprocessor clusters. The major appeal of SRAM NCs is that they add less penalty on the latency of NC hits and remote accesses. Their small capacity can handle conflict misses and a limited amount of capacity misses. However, they can be coupled with main memory page caches which satisfy the bulk of capacity misses. To maximize performance for a large spectrum of applications, we propose to organize the NC as a victim cache for remote data. We also propose a novel and scalable method to control the page cache by integrating page relocation mechanisms into the network victim cache.
Fatty Acids Influence “Solid” Phase Formation in Models of Stratum Corneum Intercellular Membranes (2007)

Stacked intercellular lipid membranes in the uppermost epidermal layer, the stratum corneum (SC), are responsible for skin's barrier function. These membranes are unique in composition, the major lipids being ceramides (Cer), cholesterol, and free fatty acids (FFA) in approximately equimolar proportions. Notably, SC lipids include chains much longer than those of most biological membranes. Previously we showed that Cer's small hydrophilic headgroup enabled SC model membranes composed of bovine brain ceramide (BBCer), cholesterol, and palmitic acid in equimolar proportion to solidify at pH 5.2. In order to determine the influence of FFA chain length on the phase behavior of such membranes, we used 2H NMR and FT-IR to study BBCer/cholesterol/FFA dispersions containing linear saturated FFA 14-22 carbons long. Independent of chain length, the solid phase dominated the FFA spectrum at physiological temperature. Upon heating, each dispersion underwent phase transitions to a liquid crystalline phase (only weakly evident for the membrane containing FFA-C22) and then to an isotropic phase. The phase behavior, the lipid mixing properties, and the transition temperatures are shown to depend strongly on FFA chain length. A distribution of FFA chain lengths is found in the SC and could be required for the coexistence of a proportion of solid lipids with some more fluid domains, which is known to be necessary for normal skin barrier function.
Evidence that mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung grows under iron-restricted conditions (1984)

The outer membrane protein composition of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered without subculture from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient was studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that three outer membrane proteins in the range of Mr 80 000–90 000 were induced. The induction of these proteins can be simulated by growing the same isolate under iron-restricted conditions in laboratory media. This initial study gives the first direct biochemical evidence that mucoid P. aeruginosa grows under iron restricted conditions in the lungs of the cystic fibrosis patient.
Demographic effects on the German labour supply: A decomposition analysis (2008)

Arbeit den Dialog mit der externen Wissenschaft intensivieren. Durch die rasche Verbreitung von Forschungsergebnissen über das Internet soll noch vor Drucklegung Kritik angeregt und Qualität gesichert werden. The “IAB-Discussion Paper ” is published by the research institute of the German Federal Employment Agency in order to intensify the dialogue with the scientific community. The prompt publication of the latest research results via the internet intends to stimulate criticism and to ensure research quality at an early stage before printing. IAB-Discussion Paper 31/2008 2
Tunable Donnan Potential and Electrokinetic Flow in a Biomimetic Gated Nanochannel with pH-Regulated Polyelectrolyte Brushes (2014)

Learning from nature, many experimental results have revealed that biomimetic nanofluidics functionalized by pH-regulated polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes have significant potential for next-generation biosensing devices. The present study theoretically investigates for the first time the field effect on the Donnan potential and electrokinetic flow (EKF) in a biomimetic PE-modified nanochannel. The results obtained show that, in addition to the thickness and softness of the PE brush layer, the EKF velocity is tunable by modulating the Donnan potential of PE-modified nanochannels with a nanofluidic field effect transistor under various solution properties including pH and background salt concentration. The electrostatic gating effect on the Donnan potential depends significantly on the solution properties, but insignificantly on the thickness of the PE brush layer.
REVIEWS (1955)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Some Old English Sound Changes. An Analysis in the Light of Modern Phonetics. By L. F. BROSNAHAN. Cambridge: Heffer, 1953. Pp. xii + 141. 10s. 6d. net. BARBARA M. H. CARR BARBARA M. H. CARR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume VI, Issue 21, 1955, Pages 74–76, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/VI.21.74 Published: 01 January 1955
Cavity mode-width spectroscopy with widely tunable ultra narrow laser (2013)

We explore a cavity-enhanced spectroscopic technique based on determination of the absorbtion coefficient from direct measurement of spectral width of the mode of the optical cavity filled with absorbing medium. This technique called here the cavity mode-width spectroscopy (CMWS) is complementary to the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). While both these techniques use information on interaction time of the light with the cavity to determine absorption coefficient, the CMWS does not require to measure very fast signals at high absorption conditions. Instead the CMWS method require a very narrow line width laser with precise frequency control. As an example a spectral line shape of P7 Q6 O₂ line from the B-band was measured with use of an ultra narrow laser system based on two phase-locked external cavity diode lasers (ECDL) having tunability of ± 20 GHz at wavelength range of 687 to 693 nm.
Effect of High Pressure and Heat on Bacterial Toxins (2005)

Even though the inactivation of microorganisms by high pressure treatment is a subject of intense investigations, the effect of high pressure on bacterial toxins has not been studied so far. In this study, the influence of combined pressure/temperature treatment (0.1 to 800 MPa and 5 to 121 °C) on bacterial enterotoxins was determined. Therefore, heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of cholera toxin (CT) from Vibrio cholerae, staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E, haemolysin BL (HBL) from Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli (STa) were subjected to different treatment schemes. Structural alterations were monitored in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Cytotoxicity of the pressure treated supernatant of toxigenic B. cereus DSM 4384 was investigated with Vero cells. High pressure of 200 to 800 MPa at 5 °C leads to a slight increase of the reactivity of the STa of E. coli. However, reactivity decreased at 800 MPa and 80 °C to (66±21) % after 30 min and to (44±0.3) % after 128 min. At ambient pressure no decrease in EIA reactivity could be observed after 128 min. Pressurization (0.1 to 800 MPa) of heat stable monomeric staphylococcal toxins at 5 and 20 °C showed no effect. A combined heat (80 °C) and pressure (0.1 to 800 MPa) treatment lead to a decrease in the immuno-reactivity to 20 % of its maximum. For cholera toxin a significant loss in latex agglutination was observable only at 80 °C and 800 MPa for holding times higher than 20 min. Interestingly, the immuno-reactivity of B. cereus HBL toxin increased with the increase of pressure (182 % at 800 MPa, 30 °C), and high pressure showed only minor effects on cytotoxicity to Vero cells. Our results indicate that pressurization can increase inactivation observed by heat treatment, and combined treatments may be effective at lower temperatures and/or shorter incubation time.
Design and Analysis of Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems Oriented to Automotive Applications (2009)

Hybridization with high specific energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors (SCs) has important advantages in fuel-cell (FC)-based systems. This paper presents an approach for the design and analysis of FC hybrid systems (FCHSs) oriented to automotive applications. The FCHS is considered to be the most attractive long-term option for propulsion of passenger cars. The design stage includes the determination of the electrical topology and the determination of the hybridization degree (HD) according to drivability conditions. With the selected design, the optimal hydrogen consumption for different driving cycles and the energy flows in the hybrid vehicle are analyzed. The entire study is performed with a detailed model of the FCHS in the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR): the determination of the HD according to drivability requirements, the analysis of the energy flows, and the computation of the optimal hydrogen consumption. The results show that hybridization allows a significant improvement in the hydrogen economy through the recovered energy from breaking. At the same time, the results suggest a conflict between a design according to drivability conditions and a design for the highest efficiency. The conclusion is that hybridization with SCs in FC-based vehicles is a meaningful procedure that enhances performance.
Determination of the epoxide equivalent weight of glycidyl ethers by proton magnetic resonance spectrometry (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the epoxide equivalent weight of glycidyl ethers by proton magnetic resonance spectrometryJ. G. Dorsey, G. F. Dorsey, A. C. Rutenberg, and L. A. GreenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 8, 1144–1145Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50016a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50016a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2190Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symbolic expression evaluation to support parallelizing compilers. (1997)

Symbolic analysis is of paramount importance to further advance the state-of-the-art of parallelizing compilers. The quality of various compiler analyses and optimizing code transformations depend on the ability to evaluate symbolic expressions for equality and inequality (=; !; ?) relationships. This paper describes a powerful algorithm that computes lower and/or upper bounds of wide classes of linear and non-linear symbolic expressions given a set of constraints on loop variables and loop invariants. The algorithm is used to compare symbolic expressions, examine non-linear array index functions for data dependences, and simplify systems of constraints. Among others the algorithm supports dependence analysis, detecting zero-trip-loops, dead code elimination, and performance prediction. We have implemented the algorithm and use it as part of a parallelizing compiler and a static performance estimator. 1 Introduction Many parallelizing compilers fail to effectively parallelize program...
Effect of <i>Salmonella</i> Vaccination of Breeder Chickens on Contamination of Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Integrated Poultry Operations (2010)

While measures to control carcass contamination with Salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce Salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. We determined the impact of Salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing Salmonella prevalences in these flocks and their broiler, meat bird progeny. For one poultry company, their young breeders were vaccinated by using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine (Megan VAC-1) followed by a killed Salmonella bacterin consisting of S. enterica serovar Berta and S. enterica serovar Kentucky. The other participating poultry company did not vaccinate their breeders or broilers. The analysis revealed that vaccinated hens had a lower prevalence of Salmonella in the ceca (38.3% versus 64.2%; P < 0.001) and the reproductive tracts (14.22% versus 51.7%; P < 0.001). We also observed a lower Salmonella prevalence in broiler chicks (18.1% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001), acquired from vaccinated breeders, when placed at the broiler farms contracted with the poultry company. Broiler chicken farms populated with chicks from vaccinated breeders also tended to have fewer environmental samples containing Salmonella (14.4% versus 30.1%; P < 0.001). There was a lower Salmonella prevalence in broilers entering the processing plants (23.4% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001) for the poultry company that utilized this Salmonella vaccination program for its breeders. Investigation of other company-associated factors did not indicate that the difference between companies could be attributed to measures other than the vaccination program.
Mixed reality training for tank platoon leader communication skills (2017)

Here we describe the design and usability evaluation of a mixed reality prototype to simulate the role of a tank platoon leader, who is an individual who not only is a tank commander, but also directs a platoon of three other tanks with their own respective tank commanders. The domain of tank commander training has relied on physical simulators of the actual Abrams tank and encapsulates the whole crew. The TALK-ON system we describe here focuses on training communication skills of the leader in a simulated tank crew. We report results from a usability evaluation and discuss how they will inform our future work for collective tank training.
Crosstalk in Uniformly Coupled Lossy Transmission Lines (1973)

The crosstalk between two identical, uniformly coupled, lossy transmission lines is examined. Equations are derived which can be solved to obtain formulas for the near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT). An example is worked which illustrates the mutual influence of the two lines in terms of the modal voltages and currents. The mutual influence of the two lines is also studied by comparing the results of this example with the “classical” crosstalk formulas which assume weak coupling and neglect the influence of the disturbed line on the disturbing line. It is shown that the influence of the disturbed line on the disturbing line can be neglected for NEXT for most weak coupling situations. For sufficiently high frequencies and/or long line lengths, however, this influence cannot be neglected for FEXT.
Secrecy in Multiagent Systems (2008)

We introduce a general framework for reasoning about secrecy requirements in multiagent systems. Our definitions extend earlier definitions of secrecy and nondeducibility given by Shannon and Sutherland. Roughly speaking, one agent maintains secrecy with respect to another if the second agent cannot rule out any possibilities for the behavior or state of the first agent. We show that the framework can handle probability and nondeterminism in a clean way, is useful for reasoning about asynchronous systems as well as synchronous systems, and suggests generalizations of secrecy that may be useful for dealing with issues such as resource-bounded reasoning. We also show that a number of well-known attempts to characterize the absence of information flow are special cases of our definitions of secrecy.
A Distinct Metabolic Signature of Human Colorectal Cancer with Prognostic Potential (2014)

These patients with colorectal cancer, despite their varied genetic background, mutations, pathologic stages, and geographic locations, shared a metabolic signature that is of great prognostic and therapeutic potential.
Crystallography and elasticity of individual GaN nanotubes (2009)

High-purity, crystalline [001]-oriented GaN nanotubes with outer diameters of 200 nm or more, rough surfaces and irregular internal channels were synthesized under epitaxial growth on [001]-oriented sapphire substrates. Elastic property measurements on free-standing individual GaN nanotubes, using the in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electromechanical resonance technique, pointed at an average Young's modulus E of 37 GPa and minimum quality factor of 320. These numbers are notably lower than those for previously reported GaN nanowires. The crystallography and chemistry of the GaN nanotubes were analyzed using TEM and energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It is suggested that the lowered Young's modulus and quality factor of the nanotubes are mainly due to the surface roughness and defectiveness.