gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BRIGHTNESS AND COHERENCE OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AND FELs∗ (2015)

This paper reviews the brightness and coherence proper-ties of radiation from storage rings and free electron lasers (FELs). Starting from the statistical optics and using mu-tual coherence function of the radiation field, we define the transverse and temporal coherence and modes. Spec-tral brightness can be represented in radiation phase-space via the Wigner function which is the Fourier transforma-tion of the transverse correlation function. The brightness convolution theorem can be employed to calculate the to-tal source brightness and the degree of transverse coher-ence of the radiation emitted by an electron beam. Undu-lator radiation possesses partial transverse coherence until the beam emittances can be reduced below the diffraction limit. For x-ray FELs the radiation has excellent transverse coherence and at least 9 orders of magnitude enhancement in peak brightness. Seeding can further improve temporal coherence of FELs. Future development includes diffrac-tion limited light sources, higher peak and average power x-ray FELs and compact coherent radiation sources based on laser and plasma accelerators.
Policy Iteration for Factored MDPs (2013)

Many large MDPs can be represented compactly using a dynamic Bayesian network. Although the structure of the value function does not retain the structure of the process, recent work has shown that value functions in factored MDPs can often be approximated well using a decomposed value function: a linear combination of <i>restricted</i> basis functions, each of which refers only to a small subset of variables. An approximate value function for a particular policy can be computed using approximate dynamic programming, but this approach (and others) can only produce an approximation relative to a distance metric which is weighted by the stationary distribution of the current policy. This type of weighted projection is ill-suited to policy improvement. We present a new approach to value determination, that uses a simple closed-form computation to directly compute a least-squares decomposed approximation to the value function <i>for any weights</i>. We then use this value determination algorithm as a subroutine in a policy iteration process. We show that, under reasonable restrictions, the policies induced by a factored value function are compactly represented, and can be manipulated efficiently in a policy iteration process. We also present a method for computing error bounds for decomposed value functions using a variable-elimination algorithm for function optimization. The complexity of all of our algorithms depends on the factorization of system dynamics and of the approximate value function.
A digital controlled electronic ballast using high frequency modulation method for the metal halide lamp (2003)

This paper presents a digital controlled electronic ballast for the metal halide lamp. The proposed ballast operates with the modulated driving frequency range of 20 kHz to 100 kHz in order to avoid the acoustic resonance phenomenon. It can start up the lamp by using the LC resonant circuit without external igniter and its digital controller includes some functions for soft starting, lamp fault protection, power control for dimming, overload protection and frequency modulation. In this paper, detailed digital control algorithms are described and a novel real time detection method of the acoustic resonance and the tracking algorithm for its avoidance are proposed. And the experimental results on the proto-type 150W metal halide electronic ballast with the proposed digital controller, which has been designed using erasable programmable logic devices (EPLDs), are discussed.
Health Care–Associated Native Valve Endocarditis: Importance of Non-nosocomial Acquisition (2009)

None.
Using Global Positioning System Data to Understand Variations in Path Choice (2000)

A comprehensive set of Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle location data from Lexington, Kentucky, households was analyzed to determine if such data can be helpful in improving path choice assumptions in traffic assignment models. The portion of the data used consisted primarily of a reconstruction of the street network and the lists of street segments in each path. Analysis was based on matches of trips (e.g., pairs of trips with similar origins and destinations). Matches were obtained for trips within households and for trips across households. Statistics used to compare trips in matches were a path deviation index and the percentage of identical links. It was found that the path chosen on a trip was quite sensitive to the location of the origin and destination and that the chosen path most often differed considerably from the shortest time path across the network. Paths for trips made by the same driver were very consistent over time; paths by different drivers showed more deviations even when the trip ends were the same or very similar. As a result of this research, recommendations are made as to how GPS data on path choice can be better collected in the future for improvement of traffic assignment models.
Compact High-Speed InP DQPSK Modulator (2007)

We present a novel InP differential quadrature phase-shift-keying modulator design comprised of two electroabsorption modulators in a three-arm interferometer. The modulator is extremely compact, measuring only 1500 mum times 250 mum. We demonstrate it at 21.4 Gb/s and investigate preliminary performance at 107 Gb/s.
Deferral of Federal Disaster Payments (1990)

In the January 19, 1990, Agricultural Law Digest, at page 33, we reported that Congress had not acted to permit deferral of benefits under the Disaster Assistance Act of 1989 as had been done for the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988. Thus, benefits on the 1989 act received in 1989 were not deferrable to 1990 under the provision permitting crop insurance proceeds (and eligible federal disaster assistance act benefits) to be deferred to the following year by a farmer on the cash method of accounting if, under the taxpayer's practice, income from sale of the crop would have been reported in the following year.
High-Energy Passive Mode-Locking of Fiber Lasers (2012)

Mode-locking refers to the generation of ultrashort optical pulses in laser systems. A comprehensive study of achieving high-energy pulses in a ring cavity fiber laser that is passively mode-locked by a series of waveplates and a polarizer is presented in this paper. Specifically, it is shown that the multipulsing instability can be circumvented in favor of bifurcating to higher-energy single pulses by appropriately adjusting the group velocity dispersion in the fiber and the waveplate/polarizer settings in the saturable absorber. The findings may be used as practical guidelines for designing high-power lasers since the theoretical model relates directly to the experimental settings.
Transformation of chernikovite into meta-uranocircite II, Ba(UO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O and study of its solubility (1992)

Abstract Chernikovite, (H 3 O) 2 (UO 2 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 , was synthesized and subsequently transformed into metauranocircite II, Ba(UO 2 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 .6H 2 O, by ion-exchange experiments. The crystals are lemon-yellow and strongly fluorescent. From solubility data a mean pK s value at 25°C was determined as 51.79 ± 0.21. For a cell volume of 16.31.7 Å 3 and Z = 4 the density was calculated as 3.970 g/cm 3 whereas the measured density is 3.964 g/cm 3. The X-ray powder pattern shows the following strongest lines: 3.609(60)(114), 3.470(60)(123), 2.9272(90)(132)2.9006(90)(312), 2.6065(80)(116), 2.4581(75)(233), 2.2015(100)(143 ; 143), 2.1869(100) (241 ; 226 ;241).
Chevrel Phase Mo<sub>6</sub>T<sub>8</sub> (T = S, Se) as Electrodes for Advanced Energy Storage (2017)

With the large-scale applications of electric vehicles in recent years, future batteries are required to be higher in power and possess higher energy densities, be more environmental friendly, and have longer cycling life, lower cost, and greater safety than current batteries. Therefore, to develop alternative electrode materials for advanced batteries is an important research direction. Recently, the Chevrel phase Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> (T = S, Se) has attracted increasing attention as electrode candidate for advanced batteries, including monovalent (e.g., lithium and sodium) and multivalent (e.g., magnesium, zinc and aluminum) ion batteries. Benefiting from its unique open crystal structure, the Chevrel phase Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> cannot only ensure rapid ion transport, but also retain the structure stability during electrochemical reactions. Although the history of the research on Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> as electrodes for advanced batteries is short, there has been significant progress on the design and fabrication of Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> for various advanced batteries as above mentioned. An overview of the recent progress on Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> electrodes applied in advanced batteries is provided, including synthesis methods and diverse structures for Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> , and electrochemical mechanism and performance of Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> . Additionally, a briefly conclusion on the significant progress, obvious drawbacks, emerging challenges and some perspectives on the research of Mo<sub>6</sub> T<sub>8</sub> for advanced batteries in the near future is provided.
Novel Regulatory Roles of Wnt1 in Infection-Associated Colorectal Cancer (2018)

Salmonella infection is a major public health concern, and colonization in humans can be chronic and increases the risk of cancers. Wnt signaling is a key pathway for intestinal renewal and development, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. In the current study, we report a novel role of Wnt1 in infection and colon cancer using cell culture models, a Salmonella-colitis colon cancer model, and human samples. In contrast to the bacteria-induced increases in Wnt2 and Wnt11, Salmonella colonization significantly reduced the level of Wnt1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. The bacterial AvrA protein is known to activate the canonical Wnt pathway. Wnt1 expression level was downregulated by AvrA-expressing Salmonella but stabilized by AvrA-deficient Salmonella in the intestine of Salmonella-colitis mice. In a chronic Salmonella-infected cancer model, the Wnt1 protein level was decreased in the AvrA+ infected group. Thus, we further assessed the functional role of Wnt1 downregulation in the inflammatory response and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Moreover, downregulation of Wnt1 by the Crispr-Cas9 method affected cancer cell invasion and migration. Interestingly, we found that Wnt1 was downregulated in human CRC tissue, and Wnt1 downregulation may be correlated with cancer progression. Our study provides insights into mechanisms by which enteric bacteria regulate Wnt1 expression and potentially contribute to infection-associated colon cancer.
THE OXIDATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ITS REDUCTION IN VITRO AND IN VIVO (1937)

The outstanding chemical property of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is that it is a reducing agent. The suggestion is obvious that its physiological function may be associated with this property, and, if it is oxidized reversibly, with its behavior in an oxidation-reduction system. It is desirable therefore to know the oxidation-reduction potential of ascorbic acid.
OBSERVATIONS INDICATING ABSENCE OF PLASTIC FLOW IN GLASS COATING ON STEEL * (1944)

A bstract Steel rings were glass coated, and some were split at one point immediately and others one or two years later. Identical movement of the rings caused by compressive forces in the glass indicated that no plastic flow takes place in the glass. The compressive forces were calculated and found to be of the general order of 10,000 Ib. per sq. in. The method of calculation is described. VI. Summary (1) Equal contraction of glass‐coated steel rings cut immediately after firing and those cut one and two years later indicates no plastic flow of the glass coating. (2) Calculations indicate a compressive stress of 10,900 lb. per sq. in. in the glass coating. (3) No definite explanation is advanced for the absence of plastic flow under such stress values except the suggestion that the cross‐section dimensions of the glass and relatively large surface area may account for restraining forces.
Cationic Yttrium Methyl Complexes as Functional Models for Polymerization Catalysts of 1,3‐Dienes (2005)

Models get choosey: Structurally characterized mono- and dicationic yttrium methyl complexes (3 and 4) are accessible by protonolysis of the hexamethylate complexes (1 and 2) and function as models for the homogeneous catalysts for 1,4-cis-selective polymerization of 1,3-dienes by the industrially applied multicomponent catalyst. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502915_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selective synthesis of non-symmetrical bis-ureas and their self-assembly (2004)

Symmetrical bis-ureas composed of two urea functions linked together by a toluene ring were previously shown to form long supramolecular polymers and thus highly visco-elastic solutions, thanks to cooperative self-assembly involving four hydrogen bonds. In this paper, we report the direct and selective synthesis of non-symmetrical bis-ureas. Mono-isocyanate/mono-ureas were first obtained from a one-step selective reaction between one aromatic amine and one isocyanate function of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate. Then, non-symmetrical bis-ureas, tetra-ureas, and bis-urea functional polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) were obtained by reacting the mono-isocyanate/mono-ureas with well chosen amines. The chloroform solutions of these compounds were characterised by quantitative FTIR spectroscopy and viscosimetry. It was shown that non-symmetrical bis-ureas substituted on one side by an aromatic moiety and on the other by an aliphatic group combine the solubility of aliphatic bis-ureas and the strong association of aromatic ones. Moreover, the association of bis-ureas grafted onto polydimethylsiloxanes is efficient and leads to the physical cross-linking of these polymers, even in chloroform.
Palladium catalyzed C–C and C–N bond forming reactions: an update on the synthesis of pharmaceuticals from 2015–2020 (2020)

Some of the most prominent and promising catalysts in organic synthesis for the requisite construction of C–C and C–N bonds are palladium (Pd) catalysts, which play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry.
Aminohaloborane in organic synthesis. 2. Simple synthesis of indoles and 1-acyl-3-indolinones using specific ortho .alpha.-chloroacetylation of anilines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminohaloborane in organic synthesis. 2. Simple synthesis of indoles and 1-acyl-3-indolinones using specific ortho .alpha.-chloroacetylation of anilinesTsutomu Sugasawa, Makoto Adachi, Kazuyuki Sasakura, and Akiko KitagawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 4, 578–586Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01318a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01318a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2189Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feature selection for state-of-charge estimation of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> batteries via electrochemical impedance (2020)

A safe and stable lithium-ion battery is created by pairing a lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) cathode with a lithium-titanate (LTO) anode. The open-circuit voltage of a LFP-LTO battery is flat over significant ranges of state of charge. The weak voltage state-of-charge relationship complicates state-of-charge estimation algorithms that require open-circuit voltage measurements to calibrate or initialize coulomb counting. An alternative to open-circuit voltage state-of-charge calibration is analyzing the small-signal frequency response, which is state-of-charge dependent. The present paper estimates the electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) using system-identification methods. The battery EIS is extracted from on/off current perturbations via balancing resistors. A LASSO regularization method is applied to the extracted EIS data for the purpose of obtaining frequencies of interest that are state-of-charge dependent. Extracted frequencies of interest are then utilized to create a state-of-charge predictor. The resulting method is validated using experimental results.
Analysis of circadian liver gene expression by ADDER, a highly sensitive method for the display of differentially expressed mRNAs (2001)

We describe a novel and highly sensitive method for the differential display of mRNAs, called ADDER (Amplification of Double-stranded cDNA End Restriction fragments). The technique involves the construction and PCR amplification of double-stranded cDNA restriction fragments complementary to 3'-terminal mRNA sequences. Aliquots of these cDNA fragments are then amplified by touchdown PCR with 192 pairs of display primers (16 upstream primers and 12 downstream primers) that differ in their ultimate and penultimate nucleotides and the PCR products are compared by size-fractionation on urea-polyacrylamide sequencing gels. By using the ADDER technology for the comparison of liver RNAs harvested at different times around the clock we detected nearly 300 cDNA fragments complementary to mRNAs with circadian accumulation profiles and sequenced 51 of them. The majority of these cDNAs correspond to genes which were not previously known to be rhythmically expressed. A large fraction of the identified genes encoded factors involved in the processing and detoxification of nutrients. This suggests that a primary purpose of circadian transcription in the liver is the anticipation of food processing and detoxification. Several genes involved in human disease were also identified, including the one encoding presenilin II, a protein implicated in the development of Alzheimer's DISEASE:
Eco-Friendly Degradable Mechanical Diverting Agents for Combining Multiple-Staged Vertical Wells: Case History from Wasatch Formation (2014)

Abstract The use of mechanical diverters in the oil and gas industry has been a common practice for decades, typically deploying perf ball sealers, degradeable balls, rock salt, dissolvable flakes, and incorporating downhole equipment such as sliding sleeves or straddle-packer systems. With multiple stage operations and horizontal wells becoming the industry norm, there is a need for a more permanent and reliable technology that is easily deployable and will seal previously stimulated perforations and zones from untreated perforations. This paper describes case histories from horizontal Marcellus Shale wells treated with degradable diversion materials applicable at a broad bottom-hole temperature range, maintains integrity under treating pressures and remains in place for the entire duration of well completion operations. There are a number of scenarios for which biodegradable materials are applicable: zonal isolation for horizontal wells with multiple perforation clusters, vertical wells treated through tubing where bridge plugs cannot be used, sealing off perforations for re-stimulation treatments as opposed to squeezing the perfs, and sealing off perforations after treating through coiled-tubing. The results from the case study well treated in the Uintah Basin in Utah on the Wasatch formation showed compelling evidence that temporary mechanical bridging agents can effectively replace bridge plugs and maintain zonal isolation. The concentrations of the diverter system used were optimized during the treatments and achieved typical pressure increases of 200-500 psi when deployed. The information presented in this paper will show the capabilities of using this material and the potential applications for multiple stage stimulation treatments, allowing for optimal zonal coverage and increased operational efficiency. The pressure responses from the treatments show the ability of the materials to seal the perforation clusters taking the majority of fluid and allow for diversion to understimulated perforation clusters. The production results from this candidate well additionally showed production rates higher than neighboring wells and wells typical for that area.
Widely linear estimation with complex data (1995)

Mean square estimation of complex and normal data is not linear as in the real case but widely linear. The purpose of the paper is to calculate the optimum widely linear mean square estimate and to present its main properties. The advantage with respect to the linear procedure is especially analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Telnet Protocol specification (1980)

This is the specification of the Telnet protocol used for remote
terminal access in the ARPA Internet. The purpose of the TELNET
Protocol is to provide a fairly general, bi-directional, eight-bit
byte oriented communications facility. Its primary goal is to allow a
standard method of interfacing terminal devices and terminal-oriented
processes to each other. It is envisioned that the protocol may also
be used for terminal-terminal communication (linking) and process-
process communication (distributed computation). This RFC specifies a
standard for the ARPA Internet community. Hosts on the ARPA Internet
are expected to adopt and implement this standard. Obsoletes NIC
18639.