gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Sparse High Dimensional Filters: Image Filtering, Dense CRFs and Bilateral Neural Networks (2016)

Bilateral filters have wide spread use due to their edge-preserving properties. The common use case is to manually choose a parametric filter type, usually a Gaussian filter. In this paper, we will generalize the parametrization and in particular derive a gradient descent algorithm so the filter parameters can be learned from data. This derivation allows to learn high dimensional linear filters that operate in sparsely populated feature spaces. We build on the permutohedral lattice construction for efficient filtering. The ability to learn more general forms of high-dimensional filters can be used in several diverse applications. First, we demonstrate the use in applications where single filter applications are desired for runtime reasons. Further, we show how this algorithm can be used to learn the pairwise potentials in densely connected conditional random fields and apply these to different image segmentation tasks. Finally, we introduce layers of bilateral filters in CNNs and propose bilateral neural networks for the use of highdimensional sparse data. This view provides new ways to encode model structure into network architectures. A diverse set of experiments empirically validates the usage of general forms of filters.
The Leishmania‐Leptomonad Transformation of <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: Nutritional Requirements, Respiration Changes and Antigenic Changes* (1968)

SYNOPSIS. The leishmania‐leptomonad transformation of Leishmania donovani occurs in 20–40 hr in vitro at 27 C in the absence of cell division. The rate and extent of the process depend on the available nutrients. A source of amino adds and glucose (or sucrose) are required. Several basic or acidic amino acids can substitute for all amino acids present in the complete medium. Leishmanial forms freshly isolated from hamster spleen have a QO 2 (μM O 2 /min/10 7 cells) of 0.29 ± 0.01 at 27 C in phosphate buffered saline with glucose. This respiration is sensitive to KCN, antimycin A, and Na amytal, and hence is probably cytochrome dependent. The QO 2 remains constant for 5–6 hr and then increases 5–7 fold by 20–30 hr of incubation at 27 C in the proper medium. The transformation is inhibited in terms of morphogenesis and increase in respiration by Actinomycin D, puromycin and mitomycin C. Appearance of new soluble antigens during the transformation was found by gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
Nanofiltration benefit for production of spray-dried demineralized whey powder. (1996)

Cette etude a pour objectif de montrer l'interet de la nanofiltration sur membrane (NF) dans la production de poudres de lactoserum acide de caseinerie chlorhydrique demineralisees. La NF permet d'obtenir a un facteur de concentration volumique egal a 4 un concentre de 19 - 21 % de matiere seche, demineralise de 40 a 48 %, avec des pertes en proteines inferieures a celles observees en electrodialyse et en echange d'ions. La forte selectivite de cette demineralisation se traduit par la reduction de 53 a 86 % (avec diafiltration) des ions monovalents et de 3 a 17 % (avec diafiltration) des ions divalents d'interet nutritionnel. La transmission des ions monovalents serait regie principalement par effet de dialyse de Donnan. L'aptitude au sechage par atomisation du lactoserum acide demineralise par NF est amelioree par rapport au temoin, au plan de la qualite de la poudre obtenue, de la facilite de mise en oeuvre et du cout energetique des operations technologiques realisees. La reduction des teneurs en mineraux monovalents serait responsable de l'amelioration du rendement de cristallisation du lactoserum de 31 % sans diafiltration a 60 % avec diafiltration. De ce fait, l'hygroscopicite des poudres obtenues apres NF est deux fois a trois fois inferieure (avec diafiltration) a celle de la poudre temoin. Enfin, l'introduction d'une etape de NF se traduit par une diminution de 44 % de l'energie totale consommee (installation industrielle). Ces elements devraient largement contribuer au developpement du procede dans l'industrie laitiere.
Thiapyrylium dye sensitization of photorefractivity in a polymer composite (1994)

An ionic thiapyrylium dye has been used as a photocharge sensitizer for the first time in a photorefractive polymer composite containing poly(9-vinylcarbazole) and 4-(N,N-diethylamino)- (β)-nitrostyrene. Photorefractive gratings are written at a wavelength of 703 nm and four-wave mixing diffraction efficiencies as high as 2% have been achieved in films less than 200 μm thick. Asymmetric energy transfer has been observed and a two-beam coupling gain of 7 cm−1 has been obtained. Holographic image recording and retrieving have also been demonstrated.
Framework of Communication Activation Robot Participating in Multiparty Conversation (2010)

We propose a framework for a robot to participate in and activate multiparty conversation. In multiparty conversation, the robot should select its behavior based on both linguistic information and participation structure. In this paper, we focus on multiparty conversation game Nandoku, which is often played in elderly care facilities. The robot acts as one of the participants, and tries to promote the communication activeness. The framework handles the dialogue situation from three aspects: multiparty conversation, game progress and communication activation, and selects the most effective robot's behavior according to these three aspects.
Microorganism characterization by single particle mass spectrometry (2008)

In recent years a major effort by several groups has been undertaken to identify bacteria by mass spectrometry at the single cell level. The intent of this review is to highlight the recent progress made in the application of single particle mass spectrometry to the analysis of microorganisms. A large portion of the review highlights improvements in the ionization and mass analysis of bio-aerosols, or particles that contain biologically relevant molecules such as peptides or proteins. While these are not direct applications to bacteria, the results have been central to a progression toward single cell mass spectrometry. Developments in single particle matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are summarized. Recent applications of aerosol laser desorption/ionization (LDI) to the analysis of single microorganisms are highlighted. Successful applications of off-line and on-the-fly aerosol MALDI to microorganism detection are discussed. Limitations to current approaches and necessary future achievements are also addressed.
1.5 V-operation GaAs spike-gate power FET with 65% power-added efficiency (2002)

A GaAs power FET with a spike-gate has been developed for the high efficiency operation under the extremely low voltage supply of 1.5 V. The spike-gate provides both the low on-resistance of 2.2 /spl Omega//mm and the high transconductance of 180 mS/mm without reducing the output impedance nor increasing the gate resistance. The implemented device achieved the output power of 31.5 dBm with 65% power-added efficiency at the frequency of 900 MHz. Sub-quarter micron footprints of the spike-gate were defined by using the phase shift lithography.
The Activity of Atovaquone (566C80) in Murine Toxoplasmosis Is Markedly Augmented when Used in Combination with Pyrimethamine or Sulfadiazine (1993)

The activity of atovaquone in the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis was greatly enhanced when administered in combination with pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine. Mice infected with lethal inocula of tachyzoites or cysts of Toxoplasma gondii and treated with doses of atovaquone, pyrimethamine, or sulfadiazine that were ineffective when administered alone had 70% survival when pyrimethamine plus atovaquone and 100% survival when sulfadiazine plus atovaquone was used. Of interest, doses of pyrimethamine and, particularly, sulfadiazine far below the doses that would induce any protection in infected mice were active when combined with atovaquone. These results suggest that clinical trials for treatment of toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients using the combination of atovaquone with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine are justified.
Engineering synthetic bacteriophage to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria (2009)

Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly evolving problem that is not being adequately met by new antimicrobial drugs. Thus, there is a pressing need for effective antibacterial therapies that can be adapted against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we engineered synthetic bacteriophage to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria by overexpressing proteins and attacking gene networks which are not directly targeted by antibiotics. By suppressing the SOS network, our engineered phage enhance bacterial killing by quinolone antibiotics by several orders of magnitude in vitro and significantly increase the survival of infected mice in vivo. Our synthetic phage design can be extended to target non-SOS gene networks and overexpress multiple factors to produce additional effective antibiotic adjuvants. In addition, our synthetic phage act as strong adjuvants for other bactericidal antibiotics, improve the killing of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that arise from antibiotic-treated populations. This work establishes a novel synthetic biology platform for translating identified targets into effective antibiotic adjuvants.
The impact of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPS) on the management accounting (information) systems of an organization (2002)

The general aim of this research is to study the impact of these "new" information systems on the role of management accounting in the organization. Therefore the effects of these systems on organizational decision making, power relations within the organization and the role of the management accountant will be investigated. Therefore, the scope of this study is not to investigate the reasons for the actual change, but rather what is affected by this change. First of all, the reasons for implementing such ERPS will be discussed. They vary from strategic incentives such as the reduction of uncertainty, the integration of information along the entire value chain due to for instance the current globalization, the introduction of new accounting systems, … to the more practical day-to-day motivations such as the faster delivery of information, the possible cost reduction, the urgent upgrade of the outdated (and mostly inflexible) legacy systems, etc. These latter problems are more professional and not the goal of this study, but they constitute the environment that creates the need for these information systems. The management control implications as well as the organizational and behavioral changes associated with the introduction will also be discussed here. In order to study these various issues we can draw upon a rich variety of previous studies and theoretical perspectives. First of all, there is of course the diverse management accounting and control literature, the innovation-diffusion-adoption literature, the organizational change and decision making literature and the various implementation studies. But apart from the literature that is grounded in the various management accounting theories, the MIS theories and literature also offer us a good starting point to develop viable hypotheses. To develop or extend theory [following Keating (1995)] regarding these ERPS, an exploratory case study in a single organization - in order to gain sufficient in-depth information before carrying out a more extensive survey - will be conducted (in cooperation with a large consultancy firm).
Acoustic emissions arising from the gelation of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcoustic emissions arising from the gelation of sodium carbonate and calcium chlorideTsuguo. Sawada, Yohichi. Gohshi, Chikako. Abe, and Keiichi. FuruyaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1, 366–367Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00279a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00279a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relationships Among Distinct Models and Notions of Equivalence for Stochastic Finite-State Systems (1969)

In an effort to relate various existent schools of thought, this paper describes four models of probabilistic finite-state systems, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for reciprocal describability. An algorithm for the realization (synthesis) of a stochastic sequential machine by a deterministic machine and additive noise is presented. Different definitions of equivalence are listed and related by theorems, the most important of which states that "behavioral equivalence" with the same cutpoints for sequence recognizers is identical to "stochastic equivalence" (indistinguishability) for sequence transducers. Corollaries show the import of these results to the state minimization problem. The paper composes a strong case in favor of the adoption of J. W. Carlyle's model as a unifying one.
Introduction to advanced modeling and control of turbo-prop engines (2012)

The article deals with basic description of turboprop engines as a special class of turbine engines - advanced approaches in its modeling and control. The article will deal with description of analytical and experimental approaches in modeling of individual parts of the engine with description of their thermo-dynamics and states. Such engines are systems with two degrees of freedom and demand advanced control algorithm in case of control with single control lever. The article will deal with design of such control algorithm with perspective use of advanced control methods. Such approaches will increase efficiency, fuel consumption, safety and control comfort for the pilot.
The Fukui Potential and the Capacity of Charge and the Global Hardness of Atoms (2011)

In the course of a reaction it is the shape of the Fukui potential that guides a distant reagent toward the site where an electrophile/nucleophile is willing to accept/donate charge. In this paper we explore the mathematical characteristics of the Fukui potential and demonstrate its relationship to the hardness and the ability of an atom in a molecule to change its charge. The Fukui potential not only determines the active site for electron transfer, but it also approximates the distribution of hardness of a molecule: it is the Coulomb contribution to the frontier local hardness. The Fukui potential at the position of the nuclei is equal to the variation of the chemical potential with the nuclear charge and therefore measures the sensitivity of the system to changes in atom type. In the specific case of atoms and slightly charged ions, the Fukui potential at the nucleus measures the hardness. The strong correlation between the hardness and the Fukui potential at the nucleus suggests that the Fukui potential at the nucleus is an alternative definition for the chemical hardness.
Unsupervised Whisker Tracking in Unrestrained Behaving Animals (2008)

Understanding how whisker-based tactile information is represented in the nervous system requires quantification of sensory input and observation of neural activity during whisking and whisker touch. Chronic electrophysiological methods have long been available to study neural responses in awake and behaving animals; however, methods to quantify the sensory input on whiskers have not yet been developed. Here we describe an unsupervised algorithm to track whisker movements in high-speed video recordings and to quantify the statistics of the tactile information on whiskers in freely behaving animals during haptic object exploration. The algorithm does not require human identification of whiskers, nor does it assume the shape, location, orientation, length of whiskers, or direction of the whisker movements. The algorithm performs well on temporary loss of whisker visibility and under low-light/low-contrast conditions even with inherent anisotropic noise and non-Gaussian variability in the signal. Using this algorithm, we define the speed [protraction (P), 1,081 +/- 322; retraction (R), 1,564 +/- 549 degrees /s], duration (P, 34 +/- 10; R, 24 +/- 8 ms), amplitude (P = R, 40 +/- 13 degrees ), and frequency (19 +/- 7 Hz) of active whisking in freely behaving mice. We furthermore quantify whisker deflection induced changes in whisking kinematics and calculate the statistics (i.e., speed, amplitude and duration) of whisker touch and finally show that whisker deprivation does not alter whisking kinematics during haptic exploration.
A critical review of remote sensing and other methods for non‐destructive estimation of standing crop biomass (1980)

Abstract Several different techniques for the non‐destructive estimation of pasture or range biomass are critically reviewed and compared to remote sensing methods. Similarities and differences between the visual estimation procedure, β‐attentuation, capacitance meters, weighted disc, and spectral methods are discussed in terms of accuracy, time, ease of operation, operational constraints and calibration procedures. No one technique has been shown to be superior across the board to the other techniques reviewed for ground‐based biomass estimation. A discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each non‐destructive method allows for the selection of the technique most suited to a particular application.
Scanning tunneling microscopy observations on the reconstructed Au(111) surface: Atomic structure, long-range superstructure, rotational domains, and surface defects (1990)

High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy data on the reconstructed Au(111) surface are presented that give a comprehensive picture of the atomic structure, the long-range ordering, and the interaction between reconstruction and surface defects in the reconstructed surface. On the basis of the atomically resolved structure, the stacking-fault-domain model involving periodic transitions from fcc to hcp stacking of top-layer atoms is confirmed. The practically uniform contraction in the surface layer along [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] indicates that the previously proposed soliton functionalisms are not correct descriptions for the fcc\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hcp stacking transition. The lateral displacement of \ensuremath{\sim}0.9 \AA{} in the ${(}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}^{22}$ $_{2}^{0}$) unit cell along [112\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}] is in good agreement with the transition between fcc and hcp stacking. The vertical displacement in the transition regions (0.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 \AA{}) is largely independent of the tunneling parameters, while the atomic corrugation (0.2 \AA{} typically, up to 1 \AA{}) depends strongly on tunneling parameters and tip conditions.The two different stacking regions within the unit cell are directly identified from the domain pattern at step edges; fcc stacking is deduced for the wider areas and thus is energetically more favorable. A new long-range superstructure is reported. It is created by a correlated periodic bending of the parallel corrugation lines by \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} every 250 \AA{}, i.e., rotational domains are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Interactions on this scale indicate long-range elastic lattice strain. This structure reflects the overall tendency to isotropic contraction, combining the locally favorable uniaxial contraction and an effective isotropic contraction on a larger scale. Boundaries of rotational domains can also be formed by a termination of the reconstruction lines. Individual corrugation lines, separating different stacking regions, cannot disappear. The termination occurs in well-ordered, U-shaped connections of neighbored lines or by a complicated pattern of entangled corrugation lines. Steps and bulk defects do not inhibit the reconstruction, but can affect the local reconstruction pattern. In most cases steps are crossed by the reconstruction lines, and the strict correlation of the reconstruction pattern on the terraces, both in phase and orientation, reflects interaction over the step edge. Sometimes the reconstruction pattern at the steps resembles those found at rotational domain boundaries.
The analysis of adaptation in a plant-breeding programme (1963)

The adaptation of barley varieties was studied by the use of grain yields of a randomly chosen group of 277 varieties from a world collection, grown in replicated trials for several seasons at three sites in South Australia. For each variety a linear regression of yield on the mean yield of all varieties for each site and season was computed to measure variety adaptation. In these calculations the basic yields were measured on a logarithmic scale, as it was found that a high degree of linearity was thereby induced. The mean yield of all varieties for each site and season provided a quantitative grading of the environments; and from the analysis described, varieties specifically adapted to good or poor seasons and those showing general adaptability may be identified. The study of the adaptation of the whole population of varieties was facilitated by the use of a two-dimensional plot (scatter diagram), with mean yield and regression coefficient as coordinates for each variety. Though wide variation was evident in both mean yield and sensitivity to environment as characterized by the regression coefficient, the variation in sensitivity was proportionately less among varieties with higher mean yield, and the varieties with highest mean yield exhibited, within very narrow limits (regression coefficients close to 0.8), a similar degree of adaptation to all environments over the wide range, especially of seasonal conditions, typical of the South Australian cereal belt. Varieties from particular geographic regions of the world showed a similarity in type of adaptation, which provides a useful basis for plant introduction. Phenotypic stability and physiological and morphological characteristics of groups of varieties with specific or general adaptability are discussed in relation to plant introduction and breeding.
Biodegradable block copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(glycolic acid‐valine) blocks (2002)

Abstract Biodegradable ABA triblock copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(glycolic acid‐valine) blocks were synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization of cyclo(glycolic acid‐valine) using Ca‐alcoholates of hydroxytelechelic PEO as the initiator. The L‐valine residue racemized during copolymerization of cyclo(glycolic acid‐valine). The crystallization of the block copolymers decreases with decreasing PEO content in the triblock copolymers and with increasing length of the poly(glycolic acid‐valine) block. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2916–2919, 2002