gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of Research on Software Clones (2007)

This report summarizes my overview talk on software clone detection research. It first discusses the notion of software redundancy, cloning, duplication, and similarity. Then, it describes various categorizations of clone types, empirical studies on the root causes for cloning, current opinions and wisdom of consequences of cloning, empirical studies on the evolution of clones, ways to remove, to avoid, and to detect them, empirical evaluations of existing automatic clone detector performance (such as recall, precision, time and space consumption) and their fitness for a particular purpose, benchmarks for clone detector evaluations, presentation issues, and last but not least application of clone detection in other related fields. After each summary of a subarea, I am listing open research questions.
Role of Ozone in Dynamic Cut Growth of Rubber (1966)

Abstract The effect of ozone on the growth of cuts in rubber strips subjected to repeated tensile deformations has been investigated. At tearing energies below a critical value ozone accounts for all the cut growth, and in this region the rate of growth is substantially independent of tearing energy. At higher tearing energies, cut growth also occurs due to mechanico-oxidative rupture, the rate of this type of growth increasing rapidly with increasing tearing energy so that the effects of ozone are normally slight. For vulcanizates of natural rubber and SBR unprotected by anti-ozonant, the characteristics of dynamic ozone cut growth can be deduced from static measurements. If a natural rubber test piece is not allowed to relax to zero strain on each cycle, the effects of ozone are important over a wider range of tearing energy.
The Behavior of Fission Products in Molten Fluoride Reactor Fuels (1958)

Observations are reported on the behavior of several fission product elements in molten NaF-ZrF4-UF4 fuels, irradiated in capsule experiments, forced-convection in-pile loop experiments, and in the Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE). The rare gases have been observed to escape readily from the fuels in dynamic tests, although in static tests the rate of escape is very low. Ruthenium and niobium deposit on the Inconel walls of the fuel container, probably as metals. Other fission products studied (Sr, Zr, La, Ce) appear to remain in the fuel. The results obtained are entirely consistent with theoretical predictions. It is suggested that the observed noble metal deposit may serve to reduce corrosion of metals by molten fluoride fuels. The unsatisfactory nature of Cs137 as a fission monitor in such fuels is reported and the use of Zr95 as a substitute is discussed.
Engine Design Strategies to Maximize Ceramic Turbine Life and Reliability (2012)

Ceramic turbines have long promised to enable higher fuel efficiencies by accommodating higher temperatures without cooling, yet no engines with ceramic rotors are in production today. Studies cite life, reliability, and cost obstacles, often concluding that further improvements in the materials are required. In this paper, we assume instead that the problems could be circumvented by adjusting the engine design. Detailed analyses are conducted for two key life-limiting processes, water vapor erosion and slow crack growth, seeking engine design strategies for mitigating their effects. We show that highly recuperated engines generate extremely low levels of water vapor erosion, enabling lives exceeding 10,000 hs, without environmental barrier coatings. Recuperated engines are highly efficient at low pressure ratios, making low blade speeds practical. Many ceramic demonstration engines have had design point mean blade speeds near 550 m/s. A CARES/Life analysis of an example rotor designed for about half this value indicates vast improvements in slow crack growth-limited life and reliability. Halving the blade speed also reduces foreign object damage particle kinetic energy by a factor of four. In applications requiring very high fuel efficiency that can accept a recuperator, or in short-life simple cycle engines, ceramic turbines are ready for application today.
Long-term passage of tachyzoites in tissue culture can attenuate virulence of<i>Neospora caninum in vivo</i> (2006)

To determine whether prolonged in vitro passage would result in attenuation of virulence in vivo, Neospora caninum tachyzoites were passaged for different lengths of time in vitro and compared for their ability to cause disease in mice. Groups of Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5 x 10(6) or 1 x 10(7) of low-passage or high-passage N. caninum tachyzoites. The mice were monitored for changes in their demeanour and body weight, and were culled when severe clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis were observed. Mice inoculated with the high-passage parasites survived longer (P<0.05), and showed fewer clinical symptoms of murine neosporosis, compared to the mice receiving the low-passage parasites. The parasite was detected in the brains of inoculated mice using immunohistochemistry and ITS1 PCR. Tissue cysts containing parasites were seen in mice inoculated with both low-passage and high-passage parasites. When the in vitro growth rates of the parasites were compared, the high-passage parasites initially multiplied more rapidly (P<0.001) than the low-passage parasites, suggesting that the high-passage parasites had become more adapted to tissue culture. These results would suggest that it is possible to attenuate the virulence of N. caninum tachyzoites in mice through prolonged in vitro passage.
A Fast, Unbiased and Exact Allelic Test for Case-Control Association Studies (2006)

Association studies are traditionally performed in the case-control framework. As a first step in the analysis process, comparing allele frequencies using the Pearson's chi-square statistic is often invoked. However such an approach assumes the independence of alleles under the hypothesis of no association, which may not always be the case. Consequently this method introduces a bias that deviates the expected type I error-rate. In this article we first propose an unbiased and exact test as an alternative to the biased allelic test. Available data require to perform thousands of such tests so we focused on its fast execution. Since the biased allelic test is still widely used in the community, we illustrate its pitfalls in the context of genome-wide association studies and particularly in the case of low-level tests. Finally, we compare the unbiased and exact test with the Cochran-Armitage test for trend and show it perfoms similarly in terms of power. The fast, unbiased and exact allelic test code is available in R, C++ and Perl at: http://stat.genopole.cnrs.fr/software/fueatest.
Hot electron degradation and unclamped inductive switching in submicron 60-V lateral DMOS (1998)

Hot electron degradation of 60-V lateral N-LDMOS devices integrated in a 0.8-/spl mu/m Bi-CMOS-DMOS twin-well VLSI CMOS process in conjunction with unclamped inductive switching (UIS) is presented for the first time. Two new figures of merit are introduced for reliable L-DMOS designs under both avalanche and saturation conditions. A built-in trade-off is shown to exist between HE degradation and UIS for submicron N-LDMOS devices. Two different techniques, namely, addition of a p-buried layer and P vs. As-doped drain N-LDMOS are investigated through device simulations and experiments to improve HE and UIS performance. Measurements indicate 8/spl times/ enhancement in UIS current for N-LDMOS with a p-buried layer. Although the P-graded drain N-LDMOS offers 2/spl times/ higher UIS current over the As-doped drain device, the measured device parameters deteriorate quickly, maintaining an asymptotic behavior above 10,000 s. Experiments indicate an order of magnitude increase in substrate currents for P-graded drain N-LDMOS when compared to As-doped devices. Simulations corroborate device degradation of P-graded drain N-LDMOS to higher impact ionization in the area of the LOCOS region.
Handwriting recognition using acceleration-based motion detection (1999)

An alternative to conventional tablet based handwriting recognition is proposed, whereby the movement of the pen is determined from a pair of accelerometers. These accelerometers are mounted on the side of a normal pen and produce a pair of time varying waveforms. This has prompted the modification of some algorithms which have proved successful in the speech area-namely bandpass filtering and hidden Markov models. Early experiments have shown that the scheme has some potential, with a very simple isolated word task attaining over 96% word accuracy for a single writer.
<b>The Chemistry of Ion Radicals. The Free Radical Addition of N-Chlorodialkylamines to Butadiene</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Ion Radicals. The Free Radical Addition of N-Chlorodialkylamines to ButadieneRobert S. Neale and Richard L. HinmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 17, 2666–2667Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00900a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00900a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and Embryonic Expression of the Novel Mouse Gene Hic1, the Homologue of HIC1, a Candidate Gene for the Miller-Dieker Syndrome (1999)

The human gene HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer) maps to chromosome 17p13.3 and is deleted in the contiguous gene disorder Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) [Makos-Wales et al. (1995) Nature Med., 1, 570-577; Chong et al. (1996) Genome Res., 6, 735-741]. We isolated the murine homologue Hic1, encoding a zinc-finger protein with a poxvirus and zinc-finger (POZ) domain and mapped it to mouse chromosome 11 in a region exhibiting conserved synteny to human chromosome 17. Comparison of genomic and cDNA sequences predicts two exons for the murine Hic1. The second exon exhibits 88% identity to the human HIC1 on DNA level. During embryonic development, Hic1 is expressed in mesenchymes of the sclerotomes, lateral body wall, limb and cranio-facial regions embedding the outgrowing peripheral nerves during their differentiation. During fetal development, Hic1 additionally is expressed in mesenchymes apposed to precartilaginous condensations, at many interfaces to budding epithelia of inner organs, and weakly in muscles. We observed activation of Hic1 expression in the embryonic anlagen of many tissues displaying anomalies in MDS patients. Besides lissencephaly, MDS patients exhibit facial dysmorphism and frequently additional birth defects, e.g. anomalies of the heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and the limbs (OMIM 247200). Thus, HIC1 activity may correlate with the defective development of the nose, jaws, extremities, gastrointestinal tract and kidney in MDS patients.
GSK-3 Phosphorylation of the Alzheimer Epitope within Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins Regulates Axon Elongation in Primary Neurons (2004)

Elevated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity is associated with Alzheimer disease. We have found that collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMP) 2 and 4 are physiological substrates of GSK-3. The amino acids targeted by GSK-3 comprise a hyperphosphorylated epitope first identified in plaques isolated from Alzheimer brain. Expression of wild type CRMP2 in primary hippocampal neurons or SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells promotes axon elongation. However, a GSK-3-insensitive CRMP2 mutant has dramatically reduced ability to promote axon elongation, a similar effect to pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3. Hence, we propose that phosphorylation of CRMP proteins by GSK-3 regulates axon elongation. This work provides a direct connection between hyperphosphorylation of these residues and elevated GSK-3 activity, both of which are observed in Alzheimer brain.
Comparison of Relaxation Induced by Glyceryl Trinitrate, Isosorbide Dinitrate, and Sodium Nitroprusside in Bovine Airways (1989)

Nitrates are generally regarded as bronchial smooth muscle relaxants. However, reports about the clinical efficacy of the nitrates in the treatment of asthma are conflicting. In the present study, the relaxant effects of glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, and isoproterenol were measured and compared in vitro in airway preparations isolated from variously sized airways in bovine lung. Strips of trachealis from cervical and thoracic ends of the trachea and rings of intrapulmonary bronchi of various diameters (14 to 1 mm outer diameters) were mounted for recording of isometric tension. Submaximal tone was induced using 10(-6) M carbachol, and responses to cumulatively increasing concentrations of glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitroprusside, or isoproterenol were measured. Isoproterenol (10(-8) to 10(-4) M) was equiactive as a relaxant in all preparations. Glyceryl trinitrate (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) relaxed trachealis, but was progressively and significantly less effective as a relaxant as the diameters of the bronchial rings decreased. Although less potent than isoproterenol, sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) was effective in relaxing all the airway preparations. Similar to glyceryl trinitrate, sodium nitroprusside was less effective in small than in large airways. However, the relationship between relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and airway size was not as marked as for glyceryl trinitrate. Isosorbide dinitrate at concentrations as great as 10(-5) M did not relax carbachol-induced tone in any of the bronchial rings and only induced a small amount of relaxation in trachealis at 10(-5) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diagnostic and therapeutic assessment by telephone electrocardiographic monitoring of ambulatory patients. (1976)

The electrocardiograms of ambulatory patients have been monitored over the telephone by staff of the intensive cardiac care unit using equipment in the unit. Telephone monitoring is a useful way of diagnosing transient symptomatic arrhythmias and a reliable aid in supervising the patient's rhythm at the beginning or end of treatment. The doctor has direct contact with the patient at the time of his symptoms so that he can reassure or instruct him. This system costs relatively little in manpower and equipment and permits relatively long periods of follow-up. It is effective, however, only in symptomatic cases in which the rate or rhythm disturbances last long enough to be transmitted. Also important are the negative findings when the patient complains of symptoms and abnormal findings during routine telephone transmissions. Accurate detection of transient ischaemic changes seems to be less reliable, and further technical improvements are required.
One-step Evaluation of the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit (2003)

In the usual procedure to determine the Thevenin equivalent of a network N, two separate analyses are needed, one for finding the open-circuit voltage and the other for the evaluation of the Thevenin impedance. This note outlines a method to accomplish this task after the analysis of a single network. The development does not assume knowledge of adjoint networks but is limited to cases where N does not contain dependent sources.
A light-activated GTPase in vertebrate photoreceptors: Regulation of light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (1977)

We have been studying the mechanism by which light and nucleoside triphosphates activate the discmembrane phosphodiesterase (oligonucleate 5'-nucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.1) in frog rod outer segments. GTP is orders of magnitude more effective than ATP as a cofactor in the light-dependent activation step. GTP and the analogue guanylyl-imidodiphosphate function equally as allosteric activators of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase rather than participating in the formation of a phosphorylated activator. Moreover, we have found a light-activated (5-fold) GTPase which participates in the modulation of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase. This GTPase activity appears necessary for the reversal of phosphodiesterase activation in vitro and may play a critical role in the in vivo regulation of light-sensitive phosphodiesterase. The K(m) for GTP in the light-activated GTPase reaction is <1 muM. The light sensitivity of this GTPase (number of photons required for half-maximal activation) is identical to that of light-activated phosphodiesterase. The GTPase action spectrum corresponds to the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin. There is, in addition, a light-insensitive GTPase activity with a K(m) for GTP of 90 muM. At GTP concentrations above 5 muM, there is no appreciable activation of GTPase activity by light. The substrate K(m) values for guanylate cyclase, light-activated GTPase, and light-activated phosphodiesterase order an enzyme array that might permit light to simultaneously cause the hydrolysis of both the substrate and product of guanylate cyclase. These findings reveal yet another facet of light regulation of photoreceptor/cyclic GMP levels and also provide a striking analogy to the GTP regulation of nonphotoreceptor, hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase.
Cytoplasmic incompatibility in insects (1997)

Abstract Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) was first described in mosquitoes by Ghelelovitch (1952) and studied in detail by Laven in the 1950s (reviewed in Laven 1967b). Laven observed that crosses between different strains of mosquitoes sometimes failed to produce progeny, or produced progeny only when crossed in one direction (i.e. crosses of males from one strain with females from another produce progeny, but not the reciprocal cross). Laven showed that cytoplasmic factors were involved. This led to the isolation of Wolbachia microorganisms as the causative agent of incompatibility by Yen and others.
Substituent-Dictated Concise Synthesis of 4,6-Disubstituted<i>N</i>-Alkyl-2-pyridones and 2-Aminopyridines (2005)

Functionalized N-alkyl-2-pyridones and 2-aminopyridines are useful precursors for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds of therapeutic importance. In this paper we have delineated and illustrated a direct methodology for the synthesis of 6-aryl-N-hydroxyethyl-4-methylsulfanyl-2-pyridones through the ring transformation of 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-methylsulfanyl-2H-pyran-2-ones by ethanolamine. Surprisingly, the analogous reaction with 6-aryl-3-cyano-4-piperidin-1-yl-2H-pyran-2-ones afforded 2-aminopyridines in high yield instead of the corresponding 2-pyridones.
PREDICTION OF BUS TRAVEL TIME USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (2015)

The objective of this study is to apply artificial neural network (ANN) for development of bus travel time prediction model. The bus travel time prediction model was developed to give real time bus arrival information to the passenger and transit agencies for applying proactive strategies. For development of ANN model, dwell time, delays and distance between the bus stops was taken as input data. Arrivals/departure times, delays, average speed between the bus stop and distance between the bus stops were collected for two urban routes in Delhi. Model was developed, validated and tested using GPS (Global Positioning System) data collected from field study. Comparative study reveals that ANN model outperformed the regression model in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Mannich Bases-Chemistry and Uses (1994)

Introduction Synthesis of Mannich Bases Aminomethylation Reactants Aminomethylation Reaction Synthesis and Chemical Structure of Mannich Bases Survey of Substrates Subjected to Mannich Reaction Reactions of Mannich Bases Cleavage Amino Group Replacement Reduction Addition of Organometals Cyclization Miscellaneous Reactions References to Introduction and Chapters I and Ii Mannich Bases In Macromolecular Chemistry Mannich Polymerization Polymerizations Involving Mannich Bases Crosslinked Products from Mannich Bases Functionalization of Macromolecular Compounds References to Chapter III Mannich Bases in the Chemistry of Natural Products Alkaloids Steroid Hormones Natural Macromolecules and Related Compounds Pharmacologically Active Substances and Vitamins Miscellaneous Compounds References to Chapter IV Practical Applications of Mannich Bases Structure/Property Relationships in Mannich Bases and Derivatives Industrial Branches Employing Mannich Bases and Derivatives References to Chapter V
Cherish: Smart Digital Photo Frames (2018)

The introduction and rapid acceptance of digital cameras has fundamentally changed the way people take and share images. When displaying and interacting with images in the home, people still print out the photos as if they had been taken on a film camera. Although sharing occurs on computer monitors or even on TV, the digital photo hasn’t made complete circle in being represented digitally in a home environment. This research explores the display and social interaction with digital photos in the home. To find design opportunities we used a User-Centered Design approach and studied how people currently display and interact with photos at home. Observed needs were used to generate concept scenarios that were validated with representative users during a concept validation session. Out of this has emerged the design of Cherish, a system for accessing and displaying photos in the home using digital photo frames.
LPS-binding proteins and receptors (1998)

Macrophage activation by gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been extensively studied in an attempt to define the mechanisms that underlie innate immunity against bacterial pathogens. Dysregulation of these same mechanisms contributes to the pathophysiological consequences of bacterial sepsis. The biological actions of LPS are mediated, at least in part, by both LPS-binding proteins and LPS receptors. Several LPS receptors (CD14, the macrophage scavenger receptor, and the beta2 integrins), as well as the serum LPS-binding protein LBP, have been cloned and studied in detail. In addition, insights gained through the use of LPS antagonists have led to a better understanding of a molecule believed to function in conjunction with LPS receptors to transduce signals from the membrane to the cytosol. More recently, the use of knockout mice has greatly expanded our knowledge of the biology of LPS receptors and binding proteins. This review will summarize various phenotypes of mice that lack genes encoding CD14, the scavenger receptor, and LBP. These knockout mice have revealed several unexpected features of LPS action in vivo. Together, these animal models may provide a means to develop and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches to the control of endotoxin shock.