gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-mission, autonomous, synthetic aperture radar (2014)

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have become a critical asset in current battlespaces and continue to play an increasing role for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) missions. With the development of medium-to-low altitude, rapidly deployable aircraft platforms, the ISR community has seen an increasing push to develop ISR sensors and systems with real-time mission support capabilities. This paper describes recent flight demonstrations and test results of the RASAR (Real-time, Autonomous, Synthetic Aperture Radar) sensor system. RASAR is a modular, multi-band (L and X) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging sensor designed for self-contained, autonomous, real-time operation with mission flexibility to support a wide range of ISR needs within the size, weight and power constraints of Group III UASs. The sensor command and control and real-time image formation processing are designed to allow integration of RASAR into a larger, multi-intelligence system of systems. The multi-intelligence architecture and a demonstration of real-time autonomous cross-cueing of a separate optical sensor will be presented.
Intracellular calcium oscillations induced in a T‐cell line by a weak 50 Hz magnetic field (1993)

Applied weak magnetic fields have been shown to affect cellular activity on several levels, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. We have decided to study an early signal transduction event in the human T cell line Jurkat; oscillations of free [Ca2+]i, of the type seen by crosslinking the CD3 complex. Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz, 0.1 mT, sinusoidal magnetic field while intracellular free calcium was measured in individual cells, using fura-2 as a probe. An acute response was observed with oscillatory increases in [Ca2+]i, which subsided when the field was turned off. The effect of the magnetic field on [Ca2+]i was comparable to that achieved by an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.
An X-ray-crystallographic study of <i>β</i>-lactamase II from <i>Bacillus cereus</i> at 0.35 nm resolution (1987)

Crystals of beta-lactamase II (EC 3.5.2.6., 'penicillinase') from Bacillus cereus were grown with Cd(II) in place of the natural Zn(II) cofactor and stabilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Their space group is C2, the cell dimensions are a = 5.44 nm, b = 6.38 nm, c = 7.09 nm and beta = 93.6 degrees, and there is one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Diffraction data were collected from cross-linked crystals of the Cd(II)-enzyme, the apoenzyme and six heavy-atom derivatives. The electron-density map calculated at 0.35 nm resolution reveals the essential Cd(II) ion surrounded by three histidine residues and one cysteine residue. The position of a glutamic acid residue, modification of which destroys activity [Little, Emanuel, Gagnon & Waley (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 465-469], suggests the probable location of the active site of the enzyme. Two minor Cd(II) sites not essential for activity were also located. The structure of the apoenzyme at this resolution appears to differ from that of the Cd(II)-enzyme only in the orientation of two of the histidine residues and the cysteine residue that surround the metal ion.
Optimal radiotherapy of tumour cells following exponential-quadratic survival curves and exponential repopulation kinetics (1977)

A previous paper (Wheldon and Kirk, 1976) presented the mathematical derivation of optimal treatment schedules in radiotherapy, assuming a single-hit multi-target radiation survival curve (see Elkind and Whitmore, 1967) and exponential repopulation kinetics for tumour cells, and utilizing the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE) representation of radiation damage to normal connective tissue (Kirk et al., 1971). Recently, attention has been focused on cell survival curves which, contrary to the multi-target model, have non-zero initial slopes (Alper, 1975). Some evidence favours an exponential-quadratic survival curve with non-zero initial slope and continuously steepening slope as radiation dose increases (Neary, 1965; Sinclair, 1969; Kellerer and Rossi, 1971; Chadwick and Leenhouts, 1973; Douglas and Fowler, 1975).
<b>CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SPIDER TOXIN, </b><b>NSTX </b> (1987)

Toxic principles in the venom of the spider, Nephila maculata, were purified with the reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, and three kinds of the major toxins (NSTX-1, -2 and -3) were isolated. These principles commonly possessed 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-asparaginyl-cadaveryl moiety in the molecule. The structure of NSTX-3 was concluded to be N-(2,4-dihydroxylphenylacetyl-L-asparaginyl)-N'-(L-arginyl-putreanyl)cadaverine.
Recircularization and Autonomous Replication of a Sheared R-Factor DNA Segment in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Transformants (1973)

Controlled shearing of R-factor DNA leads to formation of fragments carrying an antibiotic resistance gene present on, but not expressed by, the intact R-factor. Transformation of CaCl(2)-treated E. coli by such fragments yields an autonomously replicating tetracycline-resistance plasmid (Tc6-5) that contains only a small fraction of the genome of the parent R-factor, and lacks both its fertility functions and its other drug-resistance determinants. Although the Tc6-5 plasmid is not self-transmissible, it can interact and/or recombine with conjugally-proficient plasmids that promote its transfer to other bacteria.
Some Studies on the Preparation of Arylboronic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Studies on the Preparation of Arylboronic Acids1Henry Gilman and Leonard O. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 14, 3609–3611Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01547a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01547a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single Copy Transgene Integration in a Transcriptionally Active Site for Recombinant Protein Synthesis (2018)

For the biomanufacturing of protein biologics, establishing stable cell lines with high transgene transcription is critical for high productivity. Modern genome engineering tools can direct transgene insertion to a specified genomic locus and can potentially become a valuable tool for cell line generation. In this study, the authors survey transgene integration sites and their transcriptional activity to identify characteristics of desirable regions. A lentivirus containing destabilized Green Fluorescent Protein (dGFP) is used to infect Chinese hamster ovary cells at a low multiplicity of infection, and cells with high or low GFP fluorescence are isolated. RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin using sequencing data shows integration sites with high GFP expression are in larger regions of high transcriptional activity and accessibility, but not necessarily within highly transcribed genes. This method is used to obtain high Immunoglobulin G (IgG) expressing cell lines with a single copy of the transgene integrated into transcriptionally active and accessible genomic regions. Dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange is then employed to swap the IgG transgene for erythropoietin or tumor necrosis factor receptor-Fc. This work thus highlights a strategy to identify desirable sites for transgene integration and to streamline the development of new product producing cell lines.
Aligned Growth of Gold Nanorods in PMMA Channels: Parallel Preparation of Nanogaps (2012)

We demonstrate alignment and positional control of gold nanorods grown in situ on substrates using a seed-mediated synthetic approach. Alignment control is obtained by directing the growth of spherical nanoparticle seeds into nanorods in well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate) nanochannels. Substrates with prepatterned metallic electrodes provide an additional handle for the position of the gold nanorods and yield nanometer-sized gaps between the electrode and nanorod. The presented approach is a novel demonstration of bottom-up device fabrication of multiple nanogap junctions on a single chip mediated viain situ growth of gold nanorods acting as nanoelectrodes.
A SMARTER WAY TO FIND PITCH (2005)

The ’Tartini ’ project at the University of Otago aims to use the computer as a practical tool for singers and instrumentalists. Sound played into the system is analysed fast enough to create useful feedback for teaching or, at a higher level, for practising musicians to refine their technique. Central to this analysis is the accurate determination of musical pitch. We describe a fast, accurate and robust method for finding the continuous pitch in monophonic musical sounds. We employ a special normalised version of the Squared Difference Function (SDF) coupled with a peak picking algorithm. We show how to implement the algorithm efficiently. Inherent in our method is a ’clarity ’ estimate that measures to what extent the sound has a tone. This has already found application in showing defects in a violinist’s bowing technique. 1.
The economic and social conditions in the ghetto, together with the aspirations of the Jews as described by ghetto writters (1945)

Abstract not available.
Enhancing Fault Injection Testbench (2006)

Fault injection techniques are widely used in system dependability evaluation. In the paper we deal with the problem of enhancing classical fault injection tools in two aspects: improvement of experiment effectiveness and result analysis capabilities. In particular we discuss the problem of distributing fault injection processes within a computer network and collecting the simulation results in a data warehouse with data mining capabilities. The presented considerations are illustrated with some experimental results performed with simulation tools developed in our institute
Comparison of quantitative methods for cell‐shape analysis (2007)

Morphology is an important large-scale manifestation of the global organizational and physiological state of cells, and is commonly used as a qualitative or quantitative measure of the outcome of various assays. Here we evaluate several different basic representations of cell shape - binary masks, distance maps and polygonal outlines - and different subsequent encodings of those representations - Fourier and Zernike decompositions, and the principal and independent components analyses - to determine which are best at capturing biologically important shape variation. We find that principal components analysis of two-dimensional shapes represented as outlines provide measures of morphology which are quantitative, biologically meaningful, human interpretable and work well across a range of cell types and parameter settings.
Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Finnish Children (1999)

RT-PCR using Thermus thermophilus polymerase is a fast and simple means of detecting H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens. It is at least as specific and sensitive as conventional methods. In pediatric patients it may be necessary to take more than two biopsy specimens to increase sensitivity in cases of local or patchy colonization.
Nestin structure and predicted function in cellular cytoskeletal organisation. (2005)

Nestin is an intermediate filament protein expressed in dividing cells during the early stages of development in the CNS, PNS and in myogenic and other tissues. Upon differentiation, nestin becomes downregulated and is replaced by tissue-specific intermediate filament proteins. Interestingly, nestin expression is reinduced in the adult during pathological situations, such as the formation of the glial scar after CNS injury and during regeneration of injured muscle tissue. Although it is utilised as a marker of proliferating and migrating cells very little is known about its functions or regulation. In depth studies on the distribution and expression of nestin in mitotically active cells indicate a complex role in regulation of the assembly and disassembly of intermediate filaments which together with other structural proteins, participate in remodeling of the cell. The role of nestin in dynamic cells, particularly structural organisation of the cell, appears strictly regulated by phosphorylation, especially its integration into heterogeneous intermediate filaments together with vimentin or alpha-internexin.
CRATER: A Crowd Sensing Application to Estimate Road Conditions (2016)

We developed a crowd sensing application to estimate road conditions (CRATER). CRATER is a smartphone application that opportunistically measures acceleration when it finds itself on the road in order to map and measure the locations of potholes and speedbumps. It does not require input from users, but can report detected potholes and speedbumps to a cloud-hosted application engine, which stores partially processed data received from smartphones of participating users and jointly processes it to obtain a better estimate of road conditions. The information is published in map form on the web. This map allows both citizens and municipal authorities to localize potholes, road segments in need of repair, and imbalances in infrastructure maintenance efforts across cities. Road tests demonstrate that CRATER succeeds in correctly detecting roughly 90% of potholes and 95% of speedbumps, while generating false alarms only about 10% and 5% of the time, respectively.
Long Term Subsidence Predictions in the Traralgon Township Area due to Ground Water Withdrawal (1996)

Subsidence predictions for two sites in Traralgon, Victoria were carried out in 1994. A significant deviation of 'actual' subsidence readings from previously predicted patterns (1987) called for the remodelling of the two sites. The site specific modelling was carried out in Traralgon at sites S12 and S20. Site S12 is located on the Princes Highway approximately 6 km east of the town centre, while S20 is located approximately 2.5 km south of the town centre. In order to make predictions of future subsidence, the models at each site were calibrated to give representative values of permeability and compressibility. In 1994 the recorded subsidence at S12 and S20 was 130mm and 275mm respectively. The modelling results show the predicted subsidence levels in 2020 at S12 and S20 to be 210mm and 320mm respectively, while at ultimate the subsidence was predicted to be 215mm and 325mm respectively.
Did You Miss the Sign? A False Negative Alarm System for Traffic Sign Detectors (2019)

Object detection is an integral part of an autonomous vehicle for its safety-critical and navigational purposes. Traffic sign as an object plays a vital role in guiding such systems. However, if the vehicle fails to locate any critical sign, it might make a catastrophic failure. In this paper, we are proposing an approach to identify traffic signs that have been mistakenly discarded by the object detector. The proposed method raises an alarm when it discovers a failure by the object detector to detect a traffic sign. This approach can be useful to evaluate the performance of the detector during the deployment phase. We trained a single shot multi-box object detector to detect traffic signs and used its internal features to train a separate false negative detector (FND). During deployment, FND decides whether the traffic sign detector (TSD) has missed a sign or not. We are using precision and recall to measure the accuracy of FND in two different datasets. For 80% recall, FND has achieved 89.9% precision in Belgium Traffic Sign Detection dataset and 90.8% precision in German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark dataset respectively. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to tackle this critical aspect of false negative detection in robotic vision. Such a fail-safe mechanism for object detection can improve the engagement of robotic vision systems in our daily life.
Reaction temperature sensing (RTS)-based control for Li-ion battery safety (2015)

We report reaction temperature sensing (RTS)-based control to fundamentally enhance Li-ion battery safety. RTS placed at the electrochemical interface inside a Li-ion cell is shown to detect temperature rise much faster and more accurately than external measurement of cell surface temperature. We demonstrate, for the first time, that RTS-based control shuts down a dangerous short-circuit event 3 times earlier than surface temperature- based control and prevents cell overheating by 50 °C and the resultant cell damage.
Flow cytometry with a monoclonal antibody to the low density lipoprotein receptor compared with gene mutation detection in diagnosis of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. (1998)

We used a fluorescence flow cytometry assay with a monoclonal low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-specific antibody to detect LDL receptor expression on blood T lymphocytes and monocytes. We prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with genetically verified LDL receptor-defective (Trp66-Gly mutation, n = 17) or receptor-negative (Trp23-stop mutation, n = 17) heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and from healthy individuals (n = 24). The cells were stimulated to express the maximum amount of LDL receptor by preincubation in lipoprotein-deficient medium. A dual-labeling technique allowed flow cytometric analysis of LDL receptor expression on cells identified by fluorescently conjugated surface marker antibodies. Knowing the LDL receptor gene mutation of the FH patients allowed us to compare the diagnostic capability of this functional assay with the DNA diagnosis and to validate the assay with molecular genetics instead of clinical indices of heterozygous FH. T lymphocytes expressed more LDL receptors and gave better diagnostic results than monocytes, and cells from patients with either the Trp66-Gly or the Trp23-stop mutation had variable but significantly reduced LDL receptor expression. The data indicate that this fluorescence flow cytometry assay is unsuitable for diagnosis of individual cases of heterozygous FH but that it may be useful for functionally characterizing mutations in the LDL receptor gene.
<title>Superconducting magnetic sensors for mine detection and classification</title> (1995)

Sensors incorporating Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) provide the greatest sensitivity for magnetic anomaly detection available with current technology. During the 1980's, the Naval Surface Warfare Center Coastal Systems Station (CSS) developed a superconducting magnetic sensor capable of operation outside of the laboratory environment. This sensor demonstrated rugged, reliable performance even onboard undersea towed platforms. With this sensor, the CSS was able to demonstrate buried mine detection for the US Navy. Subsequently the sensor was incorporated into a multisensor suite onboard an underwater towed vehicle to provide a robust mine hunting capability for the Magnetic and Acoustic Detection of Mines (MADOM) project. This sensor technology utilized niobium superconducting componentry cooled by liquid helium to temperatures on the order of 4 degrees Kelvin (K). In the late 1980's a new class of superconductors was discovered with critical temperatures above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K). This advance has opened up new opportunities, especially for mine reconnaissance and hunting from small unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). This paper describes the magnetic sensor detection and classification concept developed for MADOM. In addition, opportunities for UUV operations made possible with high T<SUB>c</SUB> technology and the Navy's current efforts in this area will be addressed.
Polybenzoid C<sub>54</sub> Hydrocarbons: Synthesis and Structural Characterization in Vapor‐Deposited Ordered Monolayers (1996)

A simple route to the title compounds is accessible by the elegant and structure-specific cycloaddition–cyclodehydrogenation sequence (1 →→→ 2). Owing to the high temperature stability of the large polybenzoid C54 hydrocarbons, they can be characterized in ordered vapor-deposited monolayers by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and electron diffraction.
Molecular Genetics of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (2001)

The left ventricle (LV) plays a central role in the maintenance of health of children and adults due to its role as the major pump of the heart. In cases of LV dysfunction, a significant percentage of affected individuals develop signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF), leading to the need for therapeutic intervention. Therapy for these patients include anticongestive medications and, in some, placement of devices such as aortic balloon pump or left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or cardiac transplantation. In the majority of patients the etiology is unknown, leading to the term idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). During the past decade, the basis of LV dysfunction has begun to unravel. In approximately 30-40% of cases, the disorder is inherited; autosomal dominant inheritance is most common (although X-linked, autosomal recessive and mitochondrial inheritance occurs). In the remaining patients, the disorder is presumed to be acquired, with inflammatory heart disease playing an important role. In the case of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDCM), the genetic basis is beginning to unfold. To date, two genes for X-linked FDCM (dystrophin, G4.5) have been identified and four genes for the autosomal dominant form (actin, desmin, lamin A/C, delta-sarcoglycan) have been described. In one form of inflammatory heart disease, coxsackievirus myocarditis, inflammatory mediators and dystrophin cleavage play a role in the development of LV dysfunction. In this review, we will describe the molecular genetics of LV dysfunction and provide evidence for a "final common pathway" responsible for the phenotype.
Thermal degradation of spin valve multilayers caused by Mn migration (2000)

We have investigated the thermal degradation of spin valve multilayers caused by annealing at 250–300 °C, and determined that it significantly depended on selection of antiferromagnetic layers. Spin valves with a CuAu-I type ordered PtMn antiferromagnetic layer exhibited better thermal stability than those with a disordered Rh17–Mn83 or an Ir20–Mn80 layer. Comparing the magnetoresistance ratio dR/R of those spin valves after annealing at 280 °C for 5 h, that of PtMn spin valves was more than 60% higher than the others, even though the same stack of layers was used, except the antiferromagnetic layer. Such an excellent thermal stability of PtMn spin valves was attributed to less Mn migration over the existing layers after annealing. This indicated that Mn impurities in ferromagnetic layers such as Co90–Fe10 or Ni81–Fe19 deleteriously affected the spin-dependent scattering of conduction electrons.