gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Cogeneration Systems by Mathematical Programming (2008)

Cogeneration systems (CGSs) consist of power generators and thermally activated machines used to recover the thermal energy from the generators. The CGS optimal design problem is an optimal location problem of facilities that produce energy through two stages. Electric power and thermal energy are produced in the first stage and thermal energy is converted to effective energy in the second stage. An allocation of facilities is evaluated as the sum of the initial cost associated with the equipping of facilities and the minimum running cost entailed in satisfying the energy demand. Therefore, the CGS optimal design problem is a difficult problem that is composed of an optimal location problem and an optimal scheduling problem. In this paper, we present a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation of the CGS optimal design problem. The proposed formulation enables us to use a general purpose MIP solver that is readily available. We show that realistic CGS optimal design problems arising in a hospital, a hotel and an office can be solved with reasonable computational costs.
Distinguished Photons: Increased Contrast with Multispectral in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging (2005)

Noninvasive in vivo imaging is a rapidly growing field with applications in basic biology, drug discovery and clinical medicine. Because of the high cost of magnetic resonance (MR)- and computed tomography (CT)-based systems, a great deal of effort has gone into developing optical imaging methods, which offer, in some modalities, the promise of high spatial resolution and the ability to detect multiple markers simultaneously However, the ability to image and quantitate fluorescently labeled tumors and other fluorescently labeled markers in vivo has generally been limited by the autofluorescence of the tissue, which reduces the sensitivity of detection and accuracy of quantitation of the labeled target. Multispectral imaging methodology, which spectrally characterizes and computationally eliminates autofluorescence, enhances signal-to-background dramatically, revealing otherwise invisible labeled targets. Signal-to-noise considerations can guide the choice of appropriate sensors for fluorescence-based imaging, which generally does not benefit from the use of highly cooled (and expensive) cameras. Effective use of spectral tools to remove autofluorescence signal requires accurate spectra of the individual components. Using manual and automated algorithms to generate these spectra, it is possible to detect as many as three fluorescent protein-labeled tumors and two separate autofluorescent signals in a single subject.
Load-dependent flow splitting for traffic engineering in resilient OpenFlow networks (2015)

In this paper we propose and investigate load-dependent load balancing for resilient OpenFlow networks. The objective is to spare extra capacity for the primary path of a traffic aggregate (flow) by accommodating excess traffic on its backup path. The contribution of the paper is manyfold. We explain existing OpenFlow features for traffic monitoring and dynamic flow splitting, combine them to implement load-dependent balancing of a flow's traffic on its primary and backup paths, and propose three different load-dependent flow splitting (LDFS) policies. We develop a performance evaluation method to quantify the capacity for load-balancing and protection switching methods such that expected traffic can be accommodated for envisioned overload and failure scenarios. Finally, we assess the usefulness of LDFS by comparison with traffic-agnostic single- or multipath forwarding methods.
Effect of serum proteins on haem uptake and metabolism in primary cultures of liver cells (1988)

A role of haemopexin in transporting haem to hepatocytes for degradation has been inferred from the high affinity of haemopexin for haem. We have examined this question in primary cultures of chick-embryo and adult rat liver cells. We present here the results of four sets of experiments which indicate that haemopexin retarded haem uptake by hepatocytes in culture. (1) Haem bound to bovine serum albumin is known to repress the activity of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase in chick cultures as indicated by decreased porphyrin accumulation. When haem-albumin was added in the presence of excess purified or freshly secreted chicken haemopexin, no haem-mediated repression of porphyrin production was observed. The haem-mediated repression of porphyrin accumulation was partially prevented when human, but not chicken, albumin was added to cultures. This finding reflected the higher affinity of human albumin for haem compared with that of chicken albumin. (2) Haemopexin inhibited the ability of haem to be incorporated into cytochrome P-450 induced in the chick cultures in the presence of the iron chelator desferrioxamine. (3) The rate of association of [55Fe]haem with cultured rat hepatocytes when [55Fe]haem-haemopexin was added was one-eighth of the rate observed when [55Fe]haem-bovine serum albumin was used as the haem donor. (4) The presence of haemopexin also diminished the catabolism of haem by both rat and chick-embryo liver cell cultures. It is concluded that the uptake and subsequent metabolic effects of haem are inhibited in cultured hepatocytes by proteins such as haemopexin which have a high affinity for haem.
Snapshot-based control of UAS hover in outdoor environments (2015)

With the emergence of rotorcraft unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in civilian applications, the capability of accurate visual hovering is required in near-ground, GPS-denied, flying operations. Optic flow is commonly used for vision-based guidance and control of UAS, enabling autonomous obstacle avoidance, speed regulation, odometry, etc. This paper presents an optic flow-based method that uses a bio-inspired concept of image matching for the control of drift-free hover in natural environments. Our approach uses a reference snapshot (panoramic image) taken at the desired hover location and, through optic flow measurements, it estimates the rotorcraft's 3D position and velocity relative to that location by matching the current and reference views at each time step. These position and velocity signals are fed to a hover controller. Sensing and control are performed in real-time, at camera frame rate (25Hz) onboard a small-size, custom-built quadrotor, and without additional sensor fusion. Results from outdoor closed-loop flight tests demonstrate robustness against long-term drift, as well as improved hover accuracy when compared to techniques that use frame-to-frame integration of egomotion vectors derived from optic flow.
Fundamental Noise Limit of Piezoelectric Accelerometer (2004)

Since significant progress is achieved in the development of piezoelectric (PE) accelerometers for small signal applications nowadays (for example, piezoelectric seismic vibration sensors), the question about the fundamental noise limit of these sensors becomes vital. The noise of the PE transducer is the fundamental noise limit of the PE accelerometer and should be taken into account if the noise of the electronics is small enough. The two noise sources of PE transducer, the mechanical-thermal noise of the damped mechanical harmonic oscillator and the electrical-thermal noise of the PE element's material, are analyzed in this paper. The equation of the total fundamental noise limit of the PE accelerometer is presented. This equation can be used for the calculation of the fundamental noise limit of PE accelerometers if their parameters are known or can be obtained by measurement.
Solid State Dye Lasers from Stereospecific Host-Guest Interactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid State Dye Lasers from Stereospecific Host-Guest InteractionsMichael Rifani, Yi-Yian Yin, D. S. Elliott, Mary Jennifer Jay, Sei-Hum Jang, Michael P. Kelley, Loyd Bastin, and Bart KahrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 28, 7572–7573Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00133a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00133a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
'Walk it, Bike it, Bus it': Perceptions of active modes of transport (2003)

Despite knowing that regular physical activity is good for health, levels of physical activity in Australia and overseas have declined. Contemporary theoretical frameworks provide a more comprehensive approach to understanding human behaviour by integrating biological and psychological factors with wider social, cultural and environmental influences. This approach suggests a need to identify legislative, policy, planning and design infrastructure factors that ; can contribute to supportive social, natural and constructed environments to increase physical activity, especially incidentally for transport. This study investigated perceptions of active and alternative forms of transport to the motor vehicle as one way of increasing incidental physical activity. The research was conducted in a regional city in the south-west of Western Australia, where the local government expressed interest in the findings to inform strategic transport planning. Modal transport choices were influenced by seven key factors: time, distance, purpose of trip, safety /security, social perceptions of transport and features within the natural and built environment. Travel by public transport was mostly influenced by individual factors: control, convenience and choice. Numerous individual, social and environmental barriers inhibit active modes of travel, especially by public transport. Many barriers are best addressed through an approach that seeks to create supportive environments for active transport through healthy public policy, supportive infrastructure and committed inter-sectoral partnerships, such as with health, transport, planning, environment and local government. (A)
Mutation of the <i>TERT</i> promoter, switch to active chromatin, and monoallelic <i>TERT</i> expression in multiple cancers (2015)

Somatic mutations in the promoter of the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) are the most common noncoding mutations in cancer. They are thought to activate telomerase, contributing to proliferative immortality, but the molecular events driving TERT activation are largely unknown. We observed in multiple cancer cell lines that mutant TERT promoters exhibit the H3K4me2/3 mark of active chromatin and recruit the GABPA/B1 transcription factor, while the wild-type allele retains the H3K27me3 mark of epigenetic silencing; only the mutant promoters are transcriptionally active. These results suggest how a single-base-pair mutation can cause a dramatic epigenetic switch and monoallelic expression.
High Uptakes of Methane in Li-Doped 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks (2009)

By using a multiscale theoretical method, which combines the first-principles calculation and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation, we studied storage capacities of methane in 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their Li-doped compounds at T = 243 and 298 K. Our results predicted that, at T = 298 K and 35 bar, the excess gravimetric capacities of COF-102 and COF-103 reach 17.72 and 16.61 wt % (corresponding to 302 and 285 cm(3) (STP)/g)), which are in good agreement with experimental data, while the excess volumetric capacities of COF-102 and COF-103 reach 127 and 108 v (STP)/v, respectively. The high methane storage capacity of the COFs can be attributed to their ultrahigh surface areas and low densities. To further enhance the methane capacity, we investigated the impact of Li-doping on the methane storage performance of the COFs. Our first-principles calculations show that the Li cation doped in the COFs can enhance the binding of methane to the substrate significantly because of the London dispersion and the induced dipole interaction, due to the strong affinity of Li cation to methane molecules. At T = 298 K and relatively low pressures (p < 50 bar), the Li-doping method nearly doubles the methane uptakes of the COFs, compared to the nondoped materials. In particular, at T = 298 K and p = 35 bar, the methane volumetric uptakes of Li-doped COF-102 and COF-103 reach 303 and 290 v (STP)/v, respectively, which is more than 2 times those in the nondoped (127 and 108 v (STP)/v). To the best of our knowledge, the Li-doped 3D COFs show the largest methane storage uptakes at room temperature to date.
The sperm entry point defines the orientation of the calcium-induced contraction wave that directs the first phase of cytoplasmic reorganization in the ascidian egg (1995)

ABSTRACT Ascidians eggs are spawned with their cytoskeleton and organelles organized along a preexisting animal-vegetal axis. Fertilization triggers a spectacular microfilament-dependant cortical contraction that causes the relocalization of preexisiting cytoplasmic domains and the creation of new domains in the lower part of the vegetal hemisphere. We have investigated the relationship between fertilization, the cortical contraction and the localization of cytoplasmic domains in eggs of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata. We have also examined the link between this first phase of ooplasmic segregation and the site of gastrulation. The cortical contraction was found to be initiated on the side of the egg where intracellular calcium is first released either by the entering sperm or by photolysis of caged InsP3. The cortical contraction carries the sperm nucleus towards the vegetal hemisphere along with a subcortical mitochondria-rich domain (the myoplasm). If the sperm enters close to the animal or vegetal poles the cortical contraction is symmetrical, travelling along the animal-vegetal axis. If the sperm enters closer to the equator, the contraction is asymmetrical and its direction does not coincide with the animal-vegetal axis. The direction of contraction defines an axis along which preexisting (such as the myoplasm) or newly created cytoplasmic domains are relocalized. Two microfilament-rich surface constrictions, the ‘contraction pole’ and the ‘vegetal button’ (which forms 20 minutes later), appear along that axis approximately opposite the site where the contraction is initiated. The contraction pole can be situated as much as 55° from the vegetal pole, and its location predicts the site of gastrulation. It thus appears that in ascidian eggs, the organization of the egg before fertilization defines a 110° cone centered around the vegetal pole in which the future site of gastrulation of the embryo will lie. The calcium wave and cortical contraction triggered by the entering sperm adjust the location of cytoplasmic domains along an axis within that permissive zone. We discuss the relation between that axis and the establishment of the dorsoventral axis in the ascidian embryo.
Identification of the HLA-A24 Peptide Epitope within Cytomegalovirus Protein pp65 Recognized by CMV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2001)

Among cytomegalovirus (CMV) tegument proteins, phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) has been identified as the important target antigen of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against the virus. We synthesized seven CMV-pp65-derived peptides carrying an HLA-A24-binding motif, and investigated the ability of these peptides to induce CMV-specific CTL. We identified one nonamer peptide (pp65113-121; VYALPLKML) able to bind HLA-A24 and induce CTL responses in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CMV-seropositive individuals. The peptide-specific CTLs generated were capable of recognizing pp65 expressed on CMV-infected fibroblasts as well as pp65113-121 peptide bound to the surface of C1R-A*2402 cells in an HLA-A24-restricted manner. The pp65113-121 peptide thus might be considered a synthetic peptide vaccine in HLA-A24-positive individuals.
Integrated circuit quality optimization using surface integrals (1993)

A novel formulation of the parametric yield as a surface integral on the boundary of the disturbance space acceptability region is introduced. This formulation allows the accurate and efficient estimation of yield via a Monte Carlo method which can also produce yield gradients with minimal overhead. The authors extend this formulation to a more general IC quality measure. A general IC quality optimization method, significantly more efficient than Taguchi's, is introduced. This method can handle multiple performances and perform yield maximization as a special case. The optimization method is demonstrated on several circuit examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rated aspect summarization of short comments (2009)

Web 2.0 technologies have enabled more and more people to freely comment on different kinds of entities (e.g. sellers, products, services). The large scale of information poses the need and challenge of automatic summarization. In many cases, each of the user-generated short comments comes with an overall rating. In this paper, we study the problem of generating a ``rated aspect summary'' of short comments, which is a decomposed view of the overall ratings for the major aspects so that a user could gain different perspectives towards the target entity. We formally define the problem and decompose the solution into three steps. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods by using eBay sellers' feedback comments. We also quantitatively evaluate each step of our methods and study how well human agree on such a summarization task. The proposed methods are quite general and can be used to generate rated aspect summary automatically given any collection of short comments each associated with an overall rating.
Thermal batteries: A technology review and future directions (1995)

Thermally activated (``thermal``) batteries have been used for ordnance applications (e.g., proximity fuzes) since World War II and, subsequent to that, in nuclear weapons. This technology was developed by the Germans as a power source for their V2 rockets. It was obtained by the Allies by interrogation of captured German scientists after the war. The technology developed rapidly from the initial primitive systems used by the Germans to one based on Ca/CaCrO{sub 4}. This system was used very successfully into the late 1970s, when it was replaced by the Li-alloy/FeS{sub 2} electrochemical system. This paper describes the predominant electrochemical couples that have been used in thermal batteries over the years. Major emphasis is placed on the chemistry and electrochemistry of the Ca/CaCrO{sub 4} and Li-alloy/FeS{sub 2} systems. The reason for this is to give the reader a better appreciation for the advances in thermal-battery technology for which these two systems are directly responsible. Improvements to date in the current Li-alloy/FeS{sub 2} and related systems are discussed and areas for possible future research and development involving anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and insulations are outlined. New areas where thermal-battery technology has potential applications are also examined.
Scanning fringe projection for fast 3D inspection (2013)

In an earlier paper we have described a concept for high speed 3D inspection using fringe projection techniques. We use a special CMOS camera with 300 x 300 px which can calculate the phase on board. The focus of the first step of development had been a fringe projector, which was able to modulate the projected fringes with up to 250 kHz. In the second step the image acquisition part of the system was developed. In case of 3D measurement with a matrix camera, the camera resp. the measuring object has to be moved stepwise in the lateral direction to cover multiple acquisition areas of the measurement object. Between each image the lateral movement has to correspond to the field of view of the camera. At the intended very high image acquisition rates the high acceleration of the system between each image will lead to inacceptable mechanical forces. In order to obtain a continuous scanning procedure and at the same time to use the performance of a matrix camera, a special lens system was developed. A measurement field 120 mm long and 3 mm wide is imaged onto the camera. The width of the measuring field is imaged onto the 300 rows of the camera, giving a lateral resolution of 10 μm. In the longitudinal direction the 120 mm object length is divided into 12’000 lines to reach the same resolution of 10 μm. Due to technical reasons that will be described later only 240 of the 300 pixel rows on the chip were used. Consequently, with each camera shot 240 separated lines are imaged onto the chip. Between each of these 240 lines there is a large empty space, which is not imaged by the camera. In principle, the camera is operating as 240 single line cameras. Therefore, if the camera is shifted in an inclined direction to the camera orientation over the object, the empty spaces can be recorded as well. In an optimum alignment, the complete measuring object can be scanned in a continuous movement, covering the total length of 120 mm. In this paper we will describe this image acquisition system and give first measuring results.
Adaptive SLA monitoring of service choreographies enacted on the Cloud (2013)

The deployment and the execution of applications on dynamic Cloud infrastructures introduces new requirements of adaptability with respect to monitoring. Specifically, the governance of service choreographies enacted over Cloud-based solutions relies on the observation and analysis of events happening at different abstraction layers. Adaptability requirements are even more evident when monitoring deals with Service Level Agreements (SLA) established among the choreography participants. In fact, as the Cloud paradigm offers on-demand solutions as a service, often monitoring rules cannot be completely defined off-line. Thus also the monitoring infrastructure must keep track of the continuous evolution of the underlying environment, and adapt itself accordingly. This paper proposes an adaptive multi-source monitoring architecture that can synthesize on-the-fly SLA monitoring rules following the evolution of the Cloud infrastructure. We demonstrate the idea on a case study and discuss limitations as well as planned further advancements.