gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A practical approach for representing context and for performing word sense disambiguation using neural networks (2002)

Summary form only given. The author proposes a method for representing context information so that the correct meaning for a word in a sentence can be selected. The approach is primarily based upon work by Waltz and Pollack, who emphasized neurally plausible systems. By contrast the author focuses upon computationally feasible methods applicable to full-scale natural language processing systems. There are two key elements: a collection of context vectors defined for every word used by a natural language processing system, and a context algorithm that computes a dynamic context vector at any position in a body of text. Once the dynamic context vector has been computed it is easy to choose among competing meanings for a word. This choice of definitions is essentially a neural network computation, and neural network learning algorithms should be able to improve the system's choices. Good candidates for full-scale context vector implementations are machine translation systems and Japanese word processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targetable Signaling Pathway Mutations Are Associated with Malignant Phenotype in <i>IDH</i> -Mutant Gliomas (2014)

A subset of IDH-mutant gliomas with mutations in driver oncogenes has a more malignant phenotype in patients. Identification of these alterations may provide an opportunity for use of targeted therapies in these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2898-909. ©2014 AACR.
Toward Gene Therapy in Haemophilia A: Retrovirus-Mediated Transfer of a Factor VIII Gene into Murine Haematopoietic Progenitor Cells (1992)

To study and evaluate the potential of the haematopoietic system as a target for gene therapy in haemophilia A, we have infected murine bone-marrow cells with a recombinant retrovirus encoding blood-coagulation factor VIII and the bacterial enzyme neomycin-phosphotransferase. After transplantation of the infected bone marrow into lethally irradiated mice, the presence of intact vector could be demonstrated in DNA isolated from individual haematopoietic progenitor-cell-derived spleen colonies. About 8% of the spleen colonies were shown to contain the intact vector. Selection for resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 prior to transplantation specifically killed the uninfected bone-marrow cells and, as a result, over 90% of the spleen colonies contained the factor VIII vector. However, expression of factor VIII in vivo, either at the RNA or at the protein level could not be demonstrated. From these data we conclude that: 1) retroviral vectors can be used to transfer factor-VIII cDNA into haematopoietic progenitor cells; 2) the vector sequences are expressed immediately after integration; and 3) transcription of the vector is repressed in the progenitor-cell-derived cells.
Principles of blast furnace ironmaking: Theory and practice (1981)

Principles of blast furnace ironmaking: theory and practice , Principles of blast furnace ironmaking: theory and practice , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
MS/MS Spectrum Prediction for Modified Peptides Using pDeep2 Trained by Transfer Learning (2019)

In the past decade, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based bottom-up proteomics has become the method of choice for analyzing post-translational modifications (PTMs) in complex mixtures. The key to the identification of the PTM-containing peptides and localization of the PTM-modified residues is to measure the similarities between the theoretical spectra and the experimental ones. An accurate prediction of the theoretical MS/MS spectra of the modified peptides will improve the similarity measurement. Here, we proposed the deep-learning-based pDeep2 model for PTMs. We used the transfer learning technique to train pDeep2, facilitating the training with a limited scale of benchmark PTM data. Using the public synthetic PTM data sets, including the synthetic phosphopeptides and 21 synthetic PTMs from ProteomeTools, we showed that the model trained by transfer learning was accurate (>80% Pearson correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9), and was significantly better than the models trained without transfer learning. We also showed that accurate prediction of the fragment ion intensities of the PTM neutral loss, for example, the phosphoric acid loss (-98 Da) of the phosphopeptide, will improve the discriminating power to distinguish the true phosphorylated residue from its adjacent candidate sites. pDeep2 is available at https://github.com/pFindStudio/pDeep/tree/master/pDeep2 .
Spatially Resolved Monitoring of Neutrophil Elastase Activity with Ratiometric Fluorescent Reporters (2012)

Finding NEmo: In a mouse model for lung inflammation, the lipidated peptide-based ratiometric fluorescent reporter NEmo-2 indicates that neutrophil elastase (NE) activity is mainly associated with the surface of neutrophils (see scheme), whereas a soluble reporter variant showed no activity in the lung fluid, likely because of the abundance of antiproteases. Targeting the localization of NE activity has great potential for the development of improved antiinflammatory drugs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electromechanical cell lysis using a portable audio device: enabling challenging sample preparation at the point-of-care (2015)

Audio sources are ubiquitously available on portable electronic devices, including cell phones. Here we demonstrate lysis of Mycobacterium marinum and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria utilizing a portable audio device coupled with a simple and inexpensive electromagnetic coil. The resulting alternating magnetic field rotates a magnet in a tube with the sample and glass beads, lysing the cells and enabling sample preparation for these bacteria anywhere there is a cell phone, mp3 player, laptop, or other device with a headphone jack.
Cripto-1 induces phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in human cervical carcinoma cells. (1999)

Cripto-1 (CR-1), a member of the epidermal growth factor-CFC peptide family, activates the ras/raf/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the present study, the role of CR-1 in the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B)/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta)-dependent signaling pathway was evaluated in human SiHa cervical carcinoma cells. Our data demonstrate that CR-1 can enhance the tyrosine phosphorylation of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and transiently induce the phosphorylation of AKT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, CR-1 was found to induce the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta. Phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3beta by CR-1 can be blocked by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, thus leading to apoptosis. Finally, the apoptotic effect of LY294002 can be partially rescued by exogenous CR-1. In summary, our data suggest that human CR-1 may function as a survival factor through a PI3K-dependent signaling pathway involving AKT and GSK-3beta.
Role of GIRK Channels in Addictive Substance Effects (2013)

G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are widely expressed in the central nervous system, including brain regions related to reward, and play an important role in mediat- ing the signal transduction pathways of various addictive substances. Studies of GIRK knockout mice have suggested the involvement of GIRK channels in the mechanisms that underlie the effects of addictive substances. Human studies have shown that differences in the genetic sequence of one of the four GIRK channel subunits, GIRK2, are asso- ciated with analgesic requirements in patients who undergo major open abdominal surgery. Animal and human studies also showed the possi- ble therapeutic effects of GIRK channel inhibitors in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence and alcoholism. These findings suggest that GIRK channels may be a key molecular target in the reward system for the treatment of addiction.
A 512 kb/5 ns BiCMOS RAM with 1 kG/150 ps logic gate array (2003)

An ECL (emitter-coupled-logic) 512-kb BiCMOS SRAM (statistic random access memory) with 1-kG logic and using 0.8- mu m high-performance bipolar CMOS (Hi-BiCMOS) technology is described. The RAM has 5-ns address access time and 2-ns write-pulse width. The logic gate has 150-ps propagation delay with 4-mW power dissipation. A RAM-with-logic configuration is adopted to eliminate interconnection delay between the RAM and peripheral logic and to facilitate a wide-bit RAM. The design rule dependence of the delay time of a three-input ECL OR/NOR gate and a two-input BiCMOS NAND gate is shown. On-chip address access times, under 5 ns from address latches to data-out latches at room temperature with a marching test pattern, are also shown. Major characteristics of the LSI are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Data Simulators and their Applications: An Overview (2014)

Computer simulations have played an indispensable role in the development and applications of statistical models and methods for genetic studies across multiple disciplines. The need to simulate complex evolutionary scenarios and pseudo-datasets for various studies has fueled the development of dozens of computer programs with varying reliability, performance, and application areas. To help researchers compare and choose the most appropriate simulators for their studies, we have created the genetic simulation resources (GSR) website, which allows authors of simulation software to register their applications and describe them with more than 160 defined attributes. This article summarizes the properties of 93 simulators currently registered at GSR and provides an overview of the development and applications of genetic simulators. Unlike other review articles that address technical issues or compare simulators for particular application areas, we focus on software development, maintenance, and features of simulators, often from a historical perspective. Publications that cite these simulators are used to summarize both the applications of genetic simulations and the utilization of simulators.
New Frontiers in Gold Labeling (2000)

Recent advances in gold technology have led to probes with improved properties and performance for cell biologists: higher labeling density, better sensitivity, and greater penetration into tissues. Gold clusters, such as the 1.4-nm Nanogold, are gold compounds that can be covalently linked to Fab' antibody fragments, making small and stable probes. Silver enhancement then makes these small gold particles easily visible by EM, LM, and directly by eye. Another advance is the combination of fluorescent and gold probes for correlative microscopy. Chemical crosslinking of gold particles to many biologically active molecules has made possible many novel probes, such as gold-lipids, gold-Ni-NTA, and gold-ATP.
SMPTE Tutorial Paper: Stereo Audio in Television: The BTSC Multichannel Sound System (1985)

This article describes the work done in the industry on multichannel television sound standards for the reproduction of high-fidelity sound in TV receivers. The objectives for this improved television service are discussed, along with a short review of related laboratory tests and reports. The system devised by the EIA Broadcast Television Systems Committee (BTSC) is described in detail. In addition, some of the new FCC rules are explained which govern the use of subcarriers on TV for several purposes including stereophonic sound.
Dry etching of III–V semiconductors in CH3I, C2H5I, and C3H7I discharges (1992)

The characteristics of plasma etching of InP, InAs, InSb, GaAs, AlGaAs, GaSb, AlInAs, InGaAs, and AlInP in microwave (2.45 GHz) discharges of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-iodide have been examined with respect to etch rates, surface morphology, damage introduction, and etch anisotropy. The etch rates for all of these semiconductors are somewhat faster than for conventional CH4-based discharges under the same conditions of direct-current bias, pressure, and microwave power, but are not as fast as with HI discharges. Polymer deposition on the mask and within the chamber occurs as with CH4-based mixtures, but is minimized at low pressure (≤10 mTorr) and with H2 dilution. The etched surface morphologies are smooth over a wide range of plasma parameters and show roughness only under conditions of significant polymer deposition. Chemical analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also shows that the near surface of the etched samples retains its stoichiometry under most conditions. While the etch rates are slower than for HI-based discharges, the halocarbon iodides are significantly less corrosive and much more stable.
InTouch 3 (1) (1998)

This is a newsletter of the World Bank country office Manila. This issue features: World Bank backs government's pro-poor agenda. Helping the Philippines respond to the crisis. Meet the Bank's new staff: 7&7. WB bulletin: scholarships. Filipino economist wins Japan-World Bank Scholarship. WB holds social assessment workshop.
Reactivity and Composition of Dispersed Ni Catalyst for Slurry-Phase Residue Hydrocracking (2010)

The composition and reactivity of dispersed Ni catalyst was studied for slurry-phase hydrocracking of the residue. The Ni catalyst was separated at different reaction times and characterized. It was concluded that the water-soluble salts turned into NiS and Ni3S2 after the reaction for 1 or 2 h, respectively. After 3 h of reaction, the crystal of Ni9S8 appeared in the catalyst, and after 4 h of reaction, the catalyst was mainly made up of Ni9S8. The “relative coke restraining ratio” (Cr) was introduced and used to show the coke restraining ability of Ni catalysts at different reaction times. It was concluded that the coke restraining ability of the catalyst containing different kinds of crystals was different. To acquire a higher coke restraining ability of the catalyst, the proper reaction time of residue hydrocracking with dispersed Ni catalyst is 1.0−2.0 h.
Formation and Properties of Losod, a New Sodium Zeolite (1974)

Abstract Losod, a new type of crystalline hydrated sodium aluminosilicate, Na 12 Al 12 Si 12 O 48 · q H 2 O, has been prepared from reaction mixtures containing bulky quaternary alkylammonium ions, particularly azonia‐spiro[4.4]nonane, besides sodium ions. Losod crystallizes from batches with a low sodium content (Na/Al ≤ 1 and Si/Al ≈︁ 1). The quaternary ammonium hydroxide primarily serves as a source of hydroxide ions and is not incorporated into the zeolite crystals. These bulky bases provide a useful means for controlling the alkalinity of the system independently of the concentration of the necessary cations built into the zeolite. The crystals of Losod are hexagonal ( a = 12.91 and c = 10.54 Å) and the proposed framework structure shows a polytypic relationship to sodalite and cancrinite. Losod has reversible sorption and ion exchange properties typical of a small‐pore zeolite and in essential agreement with the proposed structure.
Photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis with concomitant neuroprotectin D1 synthesis (2007)

Photoreceptor cell (rods and cones) renewal is accompanied by intermittent shedding of the distal tips of the outer segment followed by their phagocytosis in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This renewal is essential for vision, and it is thought that it fosters survival of photoreceptors and of RPE cells. However, no specific survival messenger/mediators have as yet been identified. We show here that photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis markedly attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells in culture. This phenomenon does not seem to be a generalized outcome of phagocytosis because nonbiological (polystyrene microsphere) phagocytosis did not elicit protection. The free docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) pool size and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) content increased during POS phagocytosis but not during microspheres phagocytosis. We have also explored other lipid mediators [lipoxin A4 and 15(S)- and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids] under these conditions and found them unchanged upon POS phagocytosis. Moreover, oxidative stress challenge to RPE cells undergoing POS phagocytosis further increased DHA and NPD1 content. Under these conditions, NPD1 was found within the RPE cells as well as in the culture medium, suggesting autocrine and paracrine bioactivity. Furthermore, using deuterium-labeled DHA, we show that as the availability of free DHA increases during oxidative stress, NPD1 synthesis is augmented in ARPE-19 cells. Our data suggest a distinct signaling that promotes survival of photoreceptor and RPE cells by enhancing the synthesis of NPD1 during phagocytosis. Taken together, NPD1 may be a mediator that promotes homeostatic regulation of cell integrity during photoreceptor cell renewal.
Defective Proximal TCR Signaling Inhibits CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Lytic Function (2005)

CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are severely deficient in cytolysis, a defect that may permit tumor escape from immune-mediated destruction. Because lytic function is dependent upon TCR signaling, we have tested the hypothesis that primary TIL have defective signaling by analysis of the localization and activation status of TIL proteins important in TCR-mediated signaling. Upon conjugate formation with cognate target cells in vitro, TIL do not recruit granzyme B+ granules, the microtubule-organizing center, F-actin, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, nor proline rich tyrosine kinase-2 to the target cell contact site. In addition, TIL do not flux calcium nor demonstrate proximal tyrosine kinase activity, deficiencies likely to underlie failure to fully activate the lytic machinery. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses demonstrate that TIL are triggered by conjugate formation in that the TCR, p56lck, CD3zeta, LFA-1, lipid rafts, ZAP70, and linker for activation of T cells localize at the TIL:tumor cell contact site, and CD43 and CD45 are excluded. However, proximal TCR signaling is blocked upon conjugate formation because the inhibitory motif of p56lck is rapidly phosphorylated (Y505) and COOH-terminal Src kinase is recruited to the contact site, while Src homology 2 domain-containing protein phosphatase 2 is cytoplasmic. Our data support a novel mechanism explaining how tumor-induced inactivation of proximal TCR signaling regulates lytic function of antitumor T cells.
Autocrine Differentiation of PC12 Cells Mediated by Retroviral Vectors (1990)

Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells have been modified genetically by the use of replication-defective retroviral vectors containing either the bacterial gene for beta-galactosidase (lac Z) or cDNAs for mouse beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) and the bacterial gene for neomycin resistance. Using the lac Z vector, clonal lines of PC12 cells were obtained in which almost 100% of cells stably expressed this histochemical marker. Infection of PC12 cells or the derived subclone PC12-BAG, which expresses beta-galactosidase, with the NGF vectors resulted in autocrine differentiation as assessed by extensive neurite formation, which occurred within hours after infection and was maintained for weeks in culture. Neurite formation could be partially blocked by antibodies to NGF. The percentage of cells expressing neurite outgrowth was greater than that of PC12 cells treated with exogenous NGF. PC12 cells infected with the NGF vectors were shown to release this trophic factor into the medium using a two-site enzyme immunoassay and a bioassay on 'naive' PC12 cells. PC12 cells genetically modified using these vectors provide a means to: follow the fate of the cells after transplantation into animals; test for delivery in vivo of NGF and catecholamines by grafted, autocrine-differentiated PC12 cells; and study the long-term actions of NGF on responsive cells without adding exogenous NGF.
Preparation, spectroscopic characterization, and photochemical and electrochemical properties of some bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and tetracarbonyltungsten(0) complexes of 6-p-tolyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and of 6-p-styryl-2,2'-bipyridyl and its copolymers (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, spectroscopic characterization, and photochemical and electrochemical properties of some bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and tetracarbonyltungsten(0) complexes of 6-p-tolyl-2,2'-bipyridyl and of 6-p-styryl-2,2'-bipyridyl and its copolymersJohn M. Kelly, Conor Long, Catherine M. O'Connell, Johannes G. Vos, and Alois H. A. TinnemansCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 20, 2818–2824Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00162a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00162a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Printed-Lookup-Table-Based Programmable Printed Digital Circuit (2020)

Advances in printed electronics (PE) enables new applications, particularly in ultra-low-cost domains. However, achieving high-throughput printing processes and manufacturing yield is one of the major challenges in the large-scale integration of PE technology. In this article, we present a programmable printed circuit based on an efficient printed lookup table (pLUT) to address these challenges by combining the advantages of the high-throughput advanced printing and maskless point-of-use final configuration printing. We propose a novel pLUT design which is more efficient in PE realization compared to existing LUT designs. The proposed pLUT design is simulated, fabricated, and programmed as different logic functions with inkjet printed conductive ink to prove that it can realize digital circuit functionality with the use of programmability features. The measurements show that the fabricated LUT design is operable at 1 V.