gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Thermal Identification of a Thermally Instrumented Induction Machine Using a Lumped-Parameter Thermal Model (2019)

Accurate temperature estimation inside an electrical motor is key for condition monitoring, fault detection, and enhanced end-of-life duration. Additionally, thermal information can benefit motor control to improve operational performance. Lumped-parameter thermal networks (LPTNs) for electrical machines are both flexible and cost-effective in computation time, which makes them attractive for use in real-time condition monitoring and integration in motor control. However, the accuracy of these thermal networks heavily depends on the accuracy of its system parameters, some of which are difficult to calculate analytically or even empirically and need to be determined experimentally. In this paper, a methodology for the thermal condition monitoring of long-duration transient and steady-state temperatures in an induction motor is presented. To achieve this goal, a computationally efficient second-order LPTN for a 5.5 kW squirrel-cage induction motor is proposed to apprehend the dominant heat paths. A fully thermally instrumented induction motor has been prepared to collect spatial and temporal temperature information. Using the experimental stator and rotor temperature data collected at different motor operating speeds and torques, the key thermal parameter values in the LPTN are identified by means of an inverse methodology that aligns the simulated temperatures of the stator windings and rotor with the corresponding measured temperatures. Validation results show that the absolute average thermal modelling error does not exceed 1.45 °C with maximum absolute error of 2.10 °C when the motor operates at fixed speed and torque. During intermittent motor-loading operation, a mean (maximum) stator temperature error of 0.38 °C (0.92 °C) was achieved and mean (maximum) rotor errors of 2.11 °C (3.40 °C). These results show the validity of the proposed thermal model but also its ability to predict in real time the temperature variations in stator and rotor for condition monitoring and motor control.
Sleepers awake: The current debate using philosophy with young children (citizenship, philosophy and reasoning: Citizens of the twenty‐first century) (1995)

(1995). Sleepers awake: The current debate using philosophy with young children (citizenship, philosophy and reasoning: Citizens of the twenty‐first century) Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 17-21.
Insights into peptide nucleic acid (PNA) structural features: The crystal structure of a <scp>d</scp> -lysine-based chiral PNA–DNA duplex (2003)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are oligonucleotide analogues in which the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a pseudopeptide skeleton. They bind DNA and RNA with high specificity and selectivity, leading to PNA-RNA and PNA-DNA hybrids more stable than the corresponding nucleic acid complexes. The binding affinity and selectivity of PNAs for nucleic acids can be modified by the introduction of stereogenic centers (such as D-Lys-based units) into the PNA backbone. To investigate the structural features of chiral PNAs, the structure of a PNA decamer containing three D-Lys-based monomers (namely H-GpnTpnApnGpnAdlTdlCdlApnCpnTpn-NH2, in which pn represents a pseudopeptide link and dl represents a D-Lys analogue) hybridized with its complementary antiparallel DNA has been solved at a 1.66-A resolution by means of a single-wavelength anomalous diffraction experiment on a brominated derivative. The D-Lys-based chiral PNA-DNA (LPD) heteroduplex adopts the so-called P-helix conformation. From the substantial similarity between the PNA conformation in LPD and the conformations observed in other PNA structures, it can be concluded that PNAs possess intrinsic conformational preferences for the P-helix, and that their flexibility is rather restricted. The conformational rigidity of PNAs is enhanced by the presence of the chiral centers, limiting the ability of PNA strands to adopt other conformations and, ultimately, increasing the selectivity in molecular recognition.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spin–spin coupling constants from coupled perturbed density functional theory (2000)

For the first time, a complete implementation of coupled perturbed density functional theory (CPDFT) for the calculation of NMR spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) with pure and hybrid DFT is presented. By applying this method to several hydrides, hydrocarbons, and molecules with multiple bonds, the performance of DFT for the calculation of SSCCs is analyzed in dependence of the XC functional used. The importance of electron correlation effects is demonstrated and it is shown that the hybrid functional B3LYP leads to the best accuracy of calculated SSCCs. Also, CPDFT is compared with sum-over-states (SOS) DFT where it turns out that the former method is superior to the latter because it explicitly considers the dependence of the Kohn–Sham operator on the perturbed orbitals in DFT when calculating SSCCs. The four different coupling mechanisms contributing to the SSCC are discussed in connection with the electronic structure of the molecule.
Sound sources with corona discharges (1973)

A study has been made of three sound sources, each of which is constructed out of a plane wire gauze (positive electrode) and a great many needles (negative electrode) pointing toward it. Direct current coronas have appeared when a high de potential has been applied to the sound sources in the atmosphere. Various experiments have been performed on the acoustical characteristics of the sound sources as they are supplied with an ac current in the frequency range of 0.2–10 kHz, which is superposed on a de current. The sound sources are each considered as consisting of a resistance shunted by a capacitance, so far as the ac current is concerned. Theoretical formulas are obtained from the assumption that the sound is produced by a vibratory force which acts directly on the air between the electrodes and which has an rms value (d/b)I′, where d is the gap length, b = 2.2 cm2/V-sec and I′ is the rms value of an ac current through the resistance. It has been found the experimental results for 0.2–1 kHz are in good agreement with the calculated ones obtained from the formulas.
Extraction of Potash from Polyhalite (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of Potash from PolyhaliteH. H. StorchCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1930, 22, 9, 934–941Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50249a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50249a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Baylis−Hillman Acetate Adducts with Bis(pinacolato)diboron:  An Efficient Route to Functionalized Allyl Borates (2004)

The cross-coupling of Baylis-Hillman acetate adducts and bis(pinacolato)diboron proceeds readily in high yields in the presence of palladium catalyst to produce 3-substituted-2-alkoxycarbonyl allylboronates. These allylboronates can be transformed to stable allyl trifluoroborate salts by addition of excess aqueous KHF2. Both the allylboronate and allyltrifluoroborate derivatives react with aldehydes to afford functionalized homoallylic alcohols stereoselectively.
Sustainable development in China: Seeking a balance between economic growth and environmental protection (1995)

Abstract Sustainable development requires the balancing of economic growth with environmental protection. Since the late 1970s, China's government has been exploring a new path to improve its economic efficiency and decrease resource consumption and environmental pollution. Remarkable progress has been made due to the success of Deng's reform oriented to the market economy and the strengthening of environmental management. However, China has a long way to go to achieve the new development pattern because of the constraints imposed by its unbalanced economic structure and difficulties of moving from a planned to a market economy. China's experience in the 1980s shows that the two processes, sustainable development and economic reform, are closely related.
Stability of non-proteinogenic amino acids to UV and gamma irradiation (2018)

Abstract Almost all living organisms on Earth utilize the same 20 amino acids to build their millions of different proteins, even though there are hundreds of amino acids naturally occurring on Earth. Although it is likely that both the prebiotic and the current environment of Earth shaped the selection of these 20 proteinogenic amino acids, environmental conditions on extraterrestrial planets and moons are known to be quite different than those on Earth. In particular, the surfaces of planets and moons such as Mars, Europa and Enceladus have a much greater flux of UV and gamma radiation impacting their surface than that of Earth. Thus, if life were to have evolved extraterrestrially, a different lexicon of amino acids may have been selected due to different environmental pressures, such as higher radiation exposure. One fundamental property an amino acid must have in order to be of use to the evolution of life is relative stability. Therefore, we studied the stability of three different proteinogenic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) as compared with 20 non-proteinogenic amino acids that were structurally similar to the aromatic proteinogenic amino acids, following ultraviolet (UV) light (254, 302, or 365 nm) and gamma-ray irradiation. The degree of degradation of the amino acids was quantified using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). The result showed that many non-proteinogenic amino acids had either equal or increased stability to certain radiation wavelengths as compared with their proteinogenic counterparts, with fluorinated phenylalanine and tryptophan derivatives, in particular, exhibiting enhanced stability as compared with proteinogenic phenylalanine and tryptophan amino acids following gamma and select UV irradiation.
Fiber Delivery of 20 MW Laser Pulses and Its Applications. (2000)

The authors delivered 20 MW laser pulses through an optical fiber with a core diameter of 1.5 mm and a lengthof 5 m, using a beam homogenizer which divided laser beam into 7×7 squares and folded it up into a singlesquare of 0.81×0.81 mm at the front entrance of the fiber. The laser pulses, which were emitted from afrequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser with an energy of 138 mJ and a pulse duration of 5 ns, were irradiated to theall silica step index multi-mode fiber via the homogenizer. The peak intensity of laser pulses reached 42 TW/m2 (4.2 GW/cm2) at the fiber entrance. As an example of practical applications, we demonstrated the feasibilityof fiber-delivered laser peening through experiments in which the residual stress of an SUS304 test samplewas improved from tensile to compressive.
A rare case of metastatic ovarian carcinoma originating from primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Case report. (2003)

Distinguishing a metastatic tumor from a primary ovarian tumoris critical for appropriate management. A high index of suspicion intraoperatively and subsequent expert pathological review are essential in making the correct diagnosis.
Combining Microwave and Activated Carbon for Oilfield Applications: Thermal-Electromagnetic Analysis of Activated Carbon (2017)

Abstract The objective of this study is to experimentally explore activated carbon as an enabler for microwave applications in the oilfield industry. Although using microwave overcomes major challenges associated with other widely applied techniques to produce heavy oil reservoirs, it has its own limitations. Activated carbon can be used as a microwave enabler to improve heat penetration depth of this microwave-assisted thermal EOR method. This paper presents an experimental investigation of activated carbon thermal-electromagnetic characteristics and proposes two heating mechanisms to improve its performance. In addition, heating synthetic rocks with and without activated carbon is investigated. In this work, activated carbon samples in granular form are heated using a conventional 2.45-GHz microwave oven with a maximum power level of 1,200 watts. The temperature of heated activated carbon is monitored and compared to heating other naturally existing materials in oil reservoirs (oil, water, rock). Experimental results shows that oil and rock are almost transparent to microwave, and activated carbon heats up to very high temperatures in a very short period of time. A 20-ml sample of activated carbon heats up from 70°F to 800°F in 40 seconds which is much higher than water (~185°F) and oil (~90°F). Experimental results also show that heating activated carbon with two proposed mechanisms would decrease the required time to reach a specific temperature by up to 50%. Namely they are pre-heating and pre-mixing it with water. Both techniques and potential causes of the observed improvement are presented and investigated. Further experimental investigation in this study involves making synthetic rocks filled with activated carbon in different ways. It is applied either in proppants form to fill an induced fracture or is injected into the rock sample in the form of nanoparticles. Temperature monitoring for both cases shows that using activated carbon would improve the generated heat and penetration depth. Combining activated carbon and microwave resolves major challenges associated with other thermal EOR techniques. This work provides us with a better understanding of an important component of this microwave-assisted method. This will result in developing better programs for future laboratory investigations and field deployments of this technique.
Evaluation of water-soluble pneumocandin analogs L-733560, L-705589, and L-731373 with mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis (1995)

The activities of the water-soluble pneumocandin derivatives L-733560, L-705589, and L-731373 were evaluated in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis and were compared with those of commercially available antifungal agents. Pneumocandins are inhibitors of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthesis. In the aspergillosis model, L-733560 and L-705589 significantly prolonged the survival of DBA/2N mice challenged intravenously with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. L-733560 and L-705589 exhibited efficacies comparable to that of amphotericin B (AMB) with 90% effective doses of 0.48, 0.12, and 0.36 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Two mouse models of disseminated candidiasis were used to evaluate these compounds. In both models, mice were challenged intravenously with Candida albicans. In a C. albicans survival model with DBA/2N and CD-1 mice, the efficacy of L-733560 was comparable to that of AMB, while L-731373 and L-705589 were somewhat less active. In a previously described C. albicans target organ kidney assay, the pneumocandin analogs and AMB at doses of > or = 0.09 mg/kg were effective in sterilizing kidneys, while fluconazole and ketoconazole were considerably less active and did not sterilize kidneys when they were used at concentrations of < or = 100 mg/kg. Although orally administered L-733560 showed activity in both candidiasis models, its efficacy was reduced compared with that of parenterally administered drug. In a disseminated cryptococcosis mouse model that measures the number of CFU of Cryptococcus neoformans per gram of brain and spleen, L-733560 at 10 mg/kg was ineffective in reducing the counts in organs, while AMB at 0.31 mg/kg sterilized the organs. These results indicate that the pneumocandins may be beneficial as potent parenterally administered therapeutic agents for disseminated aspergillosis and candidiasis.
β-Puromycin Selection of Modified Ribosomes for <i>in Vitro</i> Incorporation of β-Amino Acids (2011)

Ribosomally mediated protein biosynthesis is limited to α-L-amino acids. A strong bias against β-L-amino acids precludes their incorporation into proteins in vivo and also in vitro in the presence of misacylated β-aminoacyl-tRNAs. Nonetheless, earlier studies provide some evidence that analogues of aminoacyl-tRNAs bearing β-amino acids can be accommodated in the ribosomal A-site. Both functional and X-ray crystallographic data make it clear that the exclusion of β-L-amino acids as participants in protein synthesis is a consequence of the architecture of the ribosomal peptidyltransferase center (PTC). To enable the reorganization of ribosomal PTC architecture through mutagenesis of 23S rRNA, a library of modified ribosomes having modifications in two regions of the 23S rRNA (2057-2063 and 2496-2507 or 2582-2588) was prepared. A dual selection procedure was used to obtain a set of modified ribosomes able to carry out protein synthesis in the presence β-L-amino acids and to provide evidence for the utilization of such amino acids, in addition to α-L-amino acids. β-Puromycin, a putative mimetic for β-aminoacyl-tRNAs, was used to select modified ribosome variants having altered PTC architectures, thus potentially enabling incorporation of β-L-amino acids. Eight types of modified ribosomes altered within the PTC have been selected by monitoring improved sensitivity to β-puromycin in vivo. Two of the modified ribosomes, having 2057AGCGUGA2063 and 2502UGGCAG2507 or 2502AGCCAG2507, were able to suppress UAG codons in E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and scorpion Opisthorcanthus madagascariensis peptide IsCT mRNAs in the presence of β-alanyl-tRNA(CUA).
Algorithms and Architectures: A Case Study in When, Where and How to Connect Vehicles (2018)

Connected vehicle technologies and applications must coevolve. Existing applications are often suboptimally implemented, stemming from a dearth of design approaches considering resource use, sensor selection, and communication method. Such design tools are necessary to optimize connected vehicle implementations, as applications may have varied impact on individual vehicle and fleet performance, efficiency, and comfort depending on their technical and algorithmic implementation. This paper first introduces several key considerations in connected vehicle design, then explores the implications of varying input richness, connectivity methods, and data availability on an example application predicting automotive idle times. We illustrate common design tradeoffs by evaluating the predictor's accuracy for different implementations, providing developers a look at a design approach that will serve as a useful example framework for future application development. We close with a simplified cost/benefit analysis for our demonstration application to illustrate how feasible, cost-effective application implementations might be identified.
Multiband echo‐shifted echo planar imaging (2016)

MESH can offer further acceleration of image acquisition for fMRI at no loss in sensitivity. Magn Reson Med 77:1981-1986, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The Monkeytyping Solution to the YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge (2017)

This article describes the final solution of team monkeytyping, who finished in second place in the YouTube-8M video understanding challenge. The dataset used in this challenge is a large-scale benchmark for multi-label video classification. We extend the work in [1] and propose several improvements for frame sequence modeling. We propose a network structure called Chaining that can better capture the interactions between labels. Also, we report our approaches in dealing with multi-scale information and attention pooling. In addition, We find that using the output of model ensemble as a side target in training can boost single model performance. We report our experiments in bagging, boosting, cascade, and stacking, and propose a stacking algorithm called attention weighted stacking. Our final submission is an ensemble that consists of 74 sub models, all of which are listed in the appendix.
Track-edge read-write effect of inductive/MR dual element heads (1996)

The effect of side-writing from the inductive writer on the read-back properties of MR heads is studied by recording physics analysis and micromagnetic simulation. Inductive write heads with and without pole trimming, and MR read heads with overlay and contiguous-junction designs are investigated. It is found that the contiguous-junction MR reader is robust against written track-edge perturbations, and in general, track-trimming for both the write head and the read sensor is beneficial for optimum performance.
Opinion mining: A study on semantic orientation analysis for online document (2008)

As a result of advance in technology, there now exist a large amount of online documents in the form of surveys or called reviews. Most of the previous work on text classification is focusing on sentiment text classification. Sentiment classification requires the knowledge data of vocabulariespsila semantic meaning and the relationships between the vocabularies. In this paper, sentiment features of text were divided into characteristic words and phrases, which were extracted from the training data. The method combining HowNet with sentiment classifier was proposed. It computed semantic similarity of characteristic words, phrases with tagged words in HowNet, and it adopted the positive and negative terms as features of sentiment classifier. In the test, a sentiment classifier was designed to compare with the other methods. Evaluation results show the effectiveness of our method.
Distance scaling of higher order motion parameters in an extension of HEVC (2016)

Complex motion in video sequences, such as rotation and scaling, conventionally approximated translationally, can more efficiently be represented by higher order motion models. An important contribution to the efficiency of the higher order motion compensation approach is the prediction and encoding of the additional motion parameters. The additional data rate caused by an increased amount of motion parameters has to be kept small for the higher order motion model to outperform the translational one within blocks of complex motion. Addressing an aspects of motion prediction yet to be adjusted to higher order motion, this paper proposes an advanced method of distance scaling of higher order motion parameters. Just as translational motion vector predictors require scaling whenever the block inheriting them has a different distance to its reference picture than the block predicted from, higher order motion parameter prediction can profit from such scaling as well. However, the distance scaling of higher order motion parameters cannot be applied to the elements of the motion model transformation matrix directly, but is performed on separate higher order motion components provided by a preceding transformation matrix decomposition. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to introduce and evaluate a procedure for higher order motion distance scaling. The resulting rate reduction of about 2% on average and up to over 6% attains a further improvement on the higher order motion compensation in an extension of HEVC.