gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brayton Power Conversion System Parametric Design Modelling for Nuclear Electric Propulsion (1993)

The parametrically based closed Brayton cycle (CBC) computer design model was developed for inclusion into the NASA LeRC overall Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) end-to-end systems model. The code is intended to provide greater depth to the NEP system modeling which is required to more accurately predict the impact of specific technology on system performance. The CBC model is parametrically based to allow for conducting detailed optimization studies and to provide for easy integration into an overall optimizer driver routine. The power conversion model includes the modeling of the turbines, alternators, compressors, ducting, and heat exchangers (hot-side heat exchanger and recuperator). The code predicts performance to significant detail. The system characteristics determined include estimates of mass, efficiency, and the characteristic dimensions of the major power conversion system components. These characteristics are parametrically modeled as a function of input parameters such as the aerodynamic configuration (axial or radial), turbine inlet temperature, cycle temperature ratio, power level, lifetime, materials, and redundancy.
Small nuclear RNA genes transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III in monocot plants share three promoter elements and use a strategy to regulate gene expression different from that used by their dicot plant counterparts. (1994)

RNA polymerase (Pol) II- and RNA Pol III-transcribed small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes of dicotyledonous plants contain two essential upstream promoter elements, the USE and TATA. The USE is a highly conserved plant snRNA gene-specific element, and its distance from the -30 TATA box, corresponding to approximately three and four helical DNA turns in Pol III and Pol II genes, respectively, is crucial for determining RNA Pol specificity of transcription. Sequences upstream of the USE play no role in snRNA gene transcription in dicot plants. Here we show that for expression of snRNA genes in maize, a monocotyledonous plant, the USE and TATA elements are essential, but not sufficient, for transcription. Efficient expression of both Pol II- and Pol III-specific snRNA genes in transfected maize protoplasts requires an additional element(s) positioned upstream of the USE. This element, named MSP (for monocot-specific promoter; consensus, RGCCCR), is present in one to three copies in monocot snRNA genes and is interchangeable between Pol II- and Pol III-specific genes. The efficiency of snRNA gene expression in maize protoplast is determined primarily by the strength of the MSP element(s); this contrasts with the situation in protoplasts of a dicot plant, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, where promoter strength is a function of the quality of the USE element. Interestingly, the organization of monocot Pol III-specific snRNA gene promoters closely resembles those of equivalent vertebrate promoters. The data are discussed in the context of the coevolution of Pol II- and Pol III-specific snRNA gene promoters within many eukaryotic organisms.
Characterization of ion-implanted and rapidly thermal annealed GaAs by Raman scattering and van der Pauw measurement (1990)

The structures of microcrystalline or amorphous gallium arsenide (GaAs) introduced by 120-keV Si+- or P+-ion implantation with a dose of 1×1016 atoms/cm2 and the subsequent regrowth properties annealed by rapid thermal annealing in the range from 300 to 900 °C have been investigated by Raman scattering (RS) and by the van der Pauw measurement (sheet carrier concentration and sheet resistivity) [Phillips Res. Rep. 13, (1958)]. Raman spectra of the LO-phonon mode observed for 514.5- and 457.9-nm excitation of an Ar+ laser have been analyzed on the basis of a spatial correlation model [H. Richter et al., Solid State Commun. 39, 625 (1981); K. K. Tiong et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 122 (1984)]. The results show that the regrowth stages and the regrowth rates of the disordered GaAs in the annealing process depend on the excitation wavelength and annealing temperature, and the damaged layer regrows epitaxially toward the surface. Sheet carrier concentration was observed to increase steeply, and sheet resistivity decreased rapidly when the annealing temperature was raised from 600 to 700 °C. These results are consistent with the RS result of the 514.5-nm excitation in the same temperature range. The above results indicate that the implanted silicon atoms replace the GaAs lattice sites and the recrystallization of the microcrystalline GaAs substrate occurs in this temperature range. On the other hand, the sheet resistivities were observed to increase from about 5×104 to 5×106 (Ω/⧠), when the annealing temperature was raised from room temperature to 500 °C, contrary to the 600–700 °C case. From these facts, it is concluded that the regrowth process originates principally from the recrystallization of the ion-implantation-induced damaged GaAs substrate.
Formation of Enzymatically Active, Homotypic, and Heterotypic Tetramers of Mouse Mast Cell Tryptases (2000)

Mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 6 and mMCP-7 are homologous tryptases stored in granules as macromolecular complexes with heparin and/or chondroitin sulfate E containing serglycin proteoglycans. When pro-mMCP-7 and pseudozymogen forms of this tryptase and mMCP-6 were separately expressed in insect cells, all three recombinant proteins were secreted into the conditioned medium as properly folded, enzymatically inactive 33-kDa monomers. However, when their propeptides were removed, mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 became enzymatically active and spontaneously assumed an approximately 150-kDa tetramer structure. Heparin was not required for this structural change. When incubated at 37 degrees C, recombinant mMCP-7 progressively lost its enzymatic activity in a time-dependent manner. Its N-linked glycans helped regulate the thermal stability of mMCP-7. However, the ability of this tryptase to form the enzymatically active tetramer was more dependent on a highly conserved Trp-rich domain on its surface. Although recombinant mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 preferred to form homotypic tetramers, these tryptases readily formed heterotypic tetramers in vitro. This latter finding indicates that the tetramer structural unit is a novel way the mast cell uses to assemble varied combinations of tryptases.
[Is there a correlation between severity of trauma and serum trace element levels?]. (2006)

The severity of trauma is associated with significant decreases in serum levels of trace elements. Thus, trace element supplementation may be an important aspect of treatment in trauma patients.
A study of the lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode for end point detection in titrations of fluoride with thorium, lanthanum, and calcium (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of the lanthanum fluoride membrane electrode for end point detection in titrations of fluoride with thorium, lanthanum, and calciumJames J. LinganeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 8, 881–887Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60252a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60252a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1234Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Parasites of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)1 (1987)

Journal Article Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Parasites of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access Christine G. Niwa, Christine G. Niwa Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Milton J. Stelzer, Milton J. Stelzer Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roy C. Beckwith Roy C. Beckwith Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 80, Issue 4, 1 August 1987, Pages 750–753, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.4.750 Published: 01 August 1987 Article history Received: 18 June 1986 Accepted: 03 April 1987 Published: 01 August 1987
T cell immunity using transgenic B lymphocytes (2004)

Adaptive immunity exists in all vertebrates and plays a defense role against microbial pathogens and tumors. T cell responses begin when precursor T cells recognize antigen on specialized antigen-presenting cells and differentiate into effector cells. Currently, dendritic cells are considered the only cells capable of stimulating T lymphocytes. Here, we show that mature naïve B lymphocytes can be genetically programmed by using nonviral DNA and turned into powerful antigen-presenting cells with a dual capacity of synthesis and presentation of antigen to T cells in vivo. A single i.v. injection of transgenic lymphocytes activates T cell responses reproducibly and specifically even at very low cell doses (approximately 10(2)). We also demonstrate that T cell priming can occur in the absence of dendritic cells and results in immunological memory with protective effector functions. These findings disclose aspects in the regulation of adaptive immunity and indicate possibilities for vaccination against viruses and cancer in humans.
Recent Developments in Shaped Charge Technology (1986)

Abstract Shaped‐charge principles, including analytical work, computer‐code simulations, and experimental results, are reviewed. It is assumed that the reader has a basic understanding of the functioning of shaped charges, and emphasizes developments in recent years. The survey is divided into four sections: Liner Collapse, Jet Formation, Jet Breakup, and Target Penetration. Only traditional shaped charges are covered; kinetic‐energy penetrators and self‐forging‐fragment warheads are not included. Ninety‐nine references are cited.
For the Love of Antique Tools (2011)

The New Zealand Vintage Tool Collectors Club (NZVTCC) was founded in 1987 for the purpose of promoting the collection and presentation of vintage and antique tools in New Zealand. What started with three men, who met at an auction, has blossomed into a club of more than 200 members throughout New Zealand, and even Australia, UK, USA and Canada.
Noise characteristics of stripe-geometry double-heterostructure junction lasers operating continuously - I. Intensity noise at room temperature (1975)

Measurements of the noise fluctuations present in the output intensity from stripe-geometry double-heterostructure junction lasers operating continuously at room temperature are reported. In some but not all the lasers studied, the low-frequency (50-MHz) fluctuations exhibit the quieting expected of an amplitude-stabilized oscillator operating above threshold. The intensity noise in these lasers becomes shot noise limited at currents about 10 percent above threshold, even when many longitudinal modes are oscillating. Additional measurements demonstrate explicitly the effective elimination of the wave-interaction, or excess, noise during the transit of the threshold region. However, in other lasers which are nominally similar, only a partial reduction of the excess noise occurs above threshold, resulting in a noise level which can be more than ten times the shot-noise limit. In addition, we find in all lasers studied thus far no quieting at high frequencies (4 GHz), in apparent contradiction to the behavior expected of a well-stabilized oscillator.
Occurrence and Characterization of Kochia (<i>Kochia scoparia</i>) Accessions with Resistance to Glyphosate in Montana (2014)

Herbicide-resistant kochia is an increasing concern for growers in the northwestern United States. Four suspected glyphosate-resistant (Gly-R) kochia accessions (referred to as GIL01, JOP01, CHES01, and CHES02) collected in fall 2012 from four different chemical-fallow fields in northern Montana were evaluated. The objectives were to confirm and characterize the level of glyphosate resistance in kochia accessions relative to a glyphosate-susceptible (Gly-S) accession and evaluate the effectiveness of various POST herbicides for Gly-R kochia control. Whole-plant dose–response experiments indicated that the four Gly-R kochia accessions had 7.1- to 11-fold levels of resistance relative to the Gly-S accession on the basis of percent control ratings (I 50 values). On the basis of shoot dry weight response (GR 50 values), the four Gly-R kochia accessions exhibited resistance index (R/S) ratios ranging from 4.6 to 8.1. In a separate study, the two tested Gly-R accessions (GIL01 and JOP01) showed differential response (control and shoot dry weight reduction) to various POST herbicides 21 d after application (DAA). Paraquat, paraquat + linuron, carfentrazone + 2,4-D, saflufenacil alone or with 2,4-D, and bromoxynil + fluroxypyr effectively controlled (99 to 100%) and reduced shoot dry weight (88 to 92%) of the GIL01 accession, consistent with the Gly-S kochia accession; however, bromoxynil + MCPA and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole provided 76% control and 83% shoot dry weight reduction of the GIL01 accession and were lower compared with the Gly-S accession. The JOP01 accession exhibited lower control or shoot dry weight reduction to all herbicides tested, except dicamba, diflufenzopyr + dicamba + 2,4-D, paraquat + linuron, and bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole, compared with the Gly-S or GIL01 population. Furthermore, paraquat + linuron was the only treatment with ≥ 90% control and shoot dry weight reduction of the JOP01 kochia plants. Among all POST herbicides tested, glufosinate was the least effective on kochia. This research confirms the first evolution of Gly-R kochia in Montana. Future research will investigate the mechanism of glyphosate resistance, inheritance, ecological fitness, and alternative strategies for management of Gly-R kochia.
<title>New inner product algorithm of the two-dimensional DCT</title> (1995)

The 2D discrete cosine transform (2D DCT) is one of the most effective methods in image data compression. In this paper an inner produce algorithm for the 8 X 8 2D DCT implementation is presented. The proposed direct 2D inner product algorithm exploits redundancies down to the bit level, and results in minimal hardware complexity. The basic algorithm separates the computation to 8 subtransform, according to the different cosine function values. Utilizing the odd-even property of the DCT, every transformed coefficients are expressed as a 4 point size inner product operation. The inner product processors are realized by an efficient distributed vector multiplication arrangement. All of the numerical parameters are built in into the inner product processors, so the arithmetic complexity is partly transformed to the internal topology of the units. The selected globally parallel, locally serial implementation style is features by basic serial processing elements and low communication cost. It is ideal for FPGA implementation, where the available chip area is a priori partitioned between logical and routing resources. The fully concurrent bit-serial pipeline architecture needs less than 1000 arithmetic primitives. Assuming 30 MHz bitclock rate in the Xilinx FPGA, the available throughput is 1 million 2D 8 X 8 DCT transform/sec.
Thermal Stability of a Thin HfO<sub>2</sub>/Ultrathin SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si Structure: Interfacial Si Oxidation and Silicidation (2003)

We examine the thermal stability of a 2.6-nm-HfO2/0.3-nm-SiO2/Si structure in O2 pressure and in an ultrahigh vacuum. The temperature and O2-pressure dependence of Si oxidation at the HfO2/Si interface indicates that high-vacuum conditions are required to suppress interfacial oxidation (order of 10-7 Torr at 800°C). The void nucleation of Hf silicide (<1000 cm-2) takes place at temperatures higher than 900°C, which raises the issue of failure when HfO2 film is used in metal-insulator-semiconductor devices.
Dynamic capabilities and strategic management (1997)

The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining), shaped by the firm’s (specific) asset positions (such as the firm’s portfolio of difficult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has adopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is amplified where conditions of increasing returns exist. Whether and how a firm’s competitive advantage is eroded depends on the stability of market demand, and the ease of replicability (expanding internally) and imitatability (replication by competitors). If correct, the framework suggests that private wealth creation in regimes of rapid technological change depends in large measure on honing internal technological, organizational, and managerial processes inside the firm. In short, identifying new opportunities and organizing effectively and efficiently to embrace them are generally more fundamental to private wealth creation than is strategizing, if by strategizing one means engaging in business conduct that keeps competitors off balance, raises rival’s costs, and excludes new entrants. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real-time PCR: A review of approaches to data analysis (2006)

The registration of the accumulation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in the course of amplification (real-time PCR) requires specific equipment, i.e., detecting amplifiers capable of recording the level of fluorescence in the reaction tube during amplicon formation. When the time of the reaction is complete, researchers are able to obtain DNA accumulation graphs. This review discusses the most promising algorithms of the analysis of real-time PCR curves and possible errors, caused by the software used or by operators’ mistakes. The data included will assist researchers in understanding the features of a method to obtain more reliable results.
On Recognizing Faces in Videos Using Clustering-Based Re-Ranking and Fusion (2014)

Due to widespread applications, availability of large intra-personal variations in video and limited information content in still images, video-based face recognition has gained significant attention. Unlike still face images, videos provide abundant information that can be leveraged to address variations in pose, illumination, and expression as well as enhance the face recognition performance. This paper presents a video-based face recognition algorithm that computes a discriminative video signature as an ordered list of still face images from a large dictionary. A three-stage approach is proposed for optimizing ranked lists across multiple video frames and fusing them into a single composite ordered list to compute the video signature. This signature embeds diverse intra-personal variations and facilitates in matching two videos with large variations. For matching two videos, a discounted cumulative gain measure is utilized, which uses the ranking of images in the video signature as well as the usefulness of images in characterizing the individual in the video. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under different video-based face recognition scenarios such as matching still face images with videos and matching videos with videos. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on the YouTube faces database and the MBGC v2 video challenge database that comprise different types of video-based face recognition challenges such as matching still face images with videos and matching videos with videos. Performance comparison with the benchmark results on both the databases and a commercial face recognition system shows the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for video-based face recognition.
Serum constituents can affect 2′‐& 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP potency at P2X<sub>7</sub> receptors (2001)

1. 2'-& 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) is the prototypic agonist for P2X(7) receptors. In this study we demonstrate that bovine serum albumin (BSA) can affect the potency of BzATP at P2X receptors. 2. BzATP potency (pEC(50)) to stimulate ethidium accumulation in cells expressing recombinant P2X7 receptors varied between 6.5 and 4, depending upon the species orthologue studied and ionic conditions employed. BSA (0.1 - 1 mg ml(-1)) and foetal bovine serum (FBS, 1 - 10% v v(-1)) inhibited responses to BzATP but only when the BzATP pEC(50) exceeded 5. 3. BSA did not block ATP-stimulated ethidium accumulation, suggesting its effects were independent of P2X(7) receptor blockade. 4. BSA did not cause breakdown of nucleotides, although FBS (10% v v(-1)) exhibited appreciable nucleotidase activity and caused significant breakdown of ATP. 5. In the presence of BSA, lipids such as 11-((5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)amino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA) and arachidonic acid (AA) markedly increased BzATP potency. Lipids had no affect on ATP potency in the presence of BSA and had little effect on responses to BzATP in the absence of BSA. 6. These results suggested that the reduction in BzATP potency by BSA was due to BzATP binding to BSA and that lipids prevented this binding. Consistent with this hypothesis, BzATP inhibited binding of the fluorescent lipid, DAUDA, to BSA. 7. In conclusion, BSA and lipids can markedly affect BzATP potency at P2X(7) receptors but this is probably a consequence of BzATP binding to BSA. This finding has important implications when using BzATP in vivo or in the presence of albumin.