gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On deriving a phoneme model for a new language (2000)

We present a method for building an initial phoneme model for training an HMM in a new language using an already trained recognition system in a base language. HMM based phoneme recognition systems are used to model the phonemes in most large vocabulary speech recognition tasks. Mappings between the phonetic spaces of the two languages are generated and are used to populate the phonetic space of the new language. The best possible alignment of the new language data is obtained and initial phone models are built on this labeled data. A classification experiment is performed in the new language to illustrate the goodness of initial phone models. Experiments are carried out with Hindi as the new language using an English language recognition system to derive the initial phone models for Hindi language.
Differences in the Gait Characteristics of Patients With Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy Compared With Age-Matched Controls (1994)

Background and Purpose. Patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy have a high incidence of injuries while walking. Biomechanical analysis of their walking may lead to treatments to reduce these injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the gait characteristics, (2) the plantar-flexor peak torques, and (3) the ankle range of motion of subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy with those of age-matched controls. Subjects. Twenty subjects, 10 with DM and a history of peripheral neuropathy (DM group) (mean age=58 years, SD=15, range=35–75) and 10 subjects without diabetes (NODM group) (mean age=57 years, SD=11, range=37–68), were evaluated. Methods. The following data were collected on all subjects: ankle joint mobility, plantar-flexor peak torque (ankle strength), kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity during normal walking, and ground reaction forces. Moments and power at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking were calculated using a two-dimensional link-segment model. Results. The DM group subjects showed less ankle mobility, ankle moment, ankle power, velocity, and stride length during walking than the NODM group subjects. A significant decrease in ankle strength and mobility appeared to be the primary factor contributing to the altered walking patterns of the DM groups. Conclusion and Discussion. The DM group subjects appeared to pull their legs forward using hip flexor muscles (hip strategy) rather than pushing the legs forward using plantar-flexor muscles (ankle strategy), as seen in the NODM group subjects. Implications for treatment are presented to attempt to reduce the number of injuries during walking in patients with DM and peripheral neuropathy.
The Optimizations in Dynamic Binary Translation (2010)

The dynamic binary translation(DBT) is used to support legacy binary code, provides program instrumentation, improves code performance, and so on. The dynamic nature of the translation usually incurs extra substantial execution overhead in DBT systems. As a result, DBT may be impractically slow if it do not or can not employ optimizations to offset the overhead. This paper investigates a few optimizations to alleviate the overhead in DBT. We evaluate these optimizations in CrossBit, which is a resourceable and retargetable dynamic binary translator, including block linking, condition codes optimization, register mapping optimization, static-integrated optimization, multithreaded optimization. The experimental results show that these optimizations can improve DBT performance significantly.
Intratympanic Steroid Perfusion for the Treatment of Ménière's Disease: A Retrospective Study (2004)

We conducted a retrospective outcomes review of the charts of 22 patients with Ménière's disease who were treated with intratympanic perfusion of methylprednisolone and/or dexamethasone. Outcomes were determined by subjective assessment of vertigo control and by objective changes in audiometric pure-tone average (PTA) and speech discrimination score (SDS). These evaluations were made at the first postperfusion visit (short term) and at least 12 months later (long term). In the short term, 12 patients (54.5%) achieved vertigo control, 4 patients (18.2%) demonstrated a greater than 10-dB improvement in PTA, and 1 patient (4.5%) experienced an increase in SDS of at least 15%. In the long term, the corresponding numbers of patients were 4 (18.2%), 2 (9.1%), and 1 (4.5%). The level of hearing ultimately deteriorated in 9 patients (40.9%). These findings suggest that intratympanic steroid perfusion does not result in any long-term alleviation of vertigo or hearing loss. However, the short-term alleviation of vertigo seen in approximately half of these patients suggests that this treatment may be useful for the temporary relief of symptoms of Ménière's disease.
Reliability of a Visual Scoring System with Fluorescent Tracers to Assess Dermal Pesticide Exposure (2004)

Inter-rater reliability coefficients indicate repeatability of the scoring system. However, field conditions for recording fluorescence should be improved to achieve higher quality images, and training should emphasize a better mechanism for the reading of body areas with low contamination.
Secret Sharing Schemes with Nice Access Structures (2006)

Secret sharing schemes, introduced by Blakley and Shamir independently in 1979, have a number of applications in security systems. One approach to the construction of secret sharing schemes is based on coding theory. In principle, every linear code can be used to construct secret sharing schemes. But only well structured linear codes give secret sharing schemes with nice access structures in the sense that every pair of participants plays the same role in the secret sharing. In this paper, we construct a class of good linear codes, and use them to obtain a class of secret sharing schemes with nice access structures.
Observation of the zero-field spin splitting of the ground electron subband in gasb-inas-gasb quantum wells (1988)

A group of GaSb-InAs-GaSb quantum wells with 75-\AA{} well thickness are studied via magnetotransport. A beating pattern in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation is observed. Analysis of the data yields two carrier densities ${n}_{1}=5.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and ${n}_{1}=4.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Both are identified as electrons and are attributed to the population of the ground electron subband whose twofold spin degeneracy is lifted due to the lack of inversion symmetry of the system. A zero-field spin splitting of 3.5 meV is deduced from the electron densities. The evolution of the beating pattern with a tilted magnetic field is also discussed.
CMOS-Microwave Wideband Amplifiers and Mixers on SIMOX-Substrates (1995)

S.302-305
Decentralized task distribution among cooperative UAVs in surveillance systems applications (2010)

Teams of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being largely proposed to be used in different areas for both military and civilian applications. Their integration in wider sensor networks is also being considered in order to provide a better cost-benefit ration. However, coordination among UAV teams is not a trivial problem in an ad hoc network. This paper presents a decentralized coordination strategy to orient the actions of a team of UAVs, which take part in a wider sensor network, relying on ad hoc network communication. The proposed sensors network inclused static sensors that issue alarms indicating the presence of possible targets that must be handled by one of the UAVs and possibly relay messages among them. Preliminary results of the proposed approach are presented and are contrasted with results provided by a centralized solution for the problem.
Application of polarization effects in light scattering: a new biophysical tool. (1976)

We demonstrate that a newly developed instrument which measures all polarization and intensity information contained in differentially and elastically scattered light has valuable applications in biology. The polarization states of light scattered differentially from suspensions of biological scatters are shown to contain structural information about those systems. The scatterers are discussed in the context of a 16 component matrix which completely characterizes the scattering process. The instrument and method are described in terms of the corresponding matrix algebra. We also discuss the use of the instrument as a device for distinguishing between closely related structural systems and as a tool for following time-dependent structural changes.
Toasts of the Season (1960)

Toasts are a tradition at Christmas as you gather with family and friends. The wassail bowl, a forerunner of our modern holiday punch bowl, stems from medieval Christmas celebrations. Wassail comes from an old English word meaning "be thou whole." From this early Christmas toast a favorite holiday recipe for the wassail bowl developed.
Light and electron microscopy (1993)

Preface List of common abbreviations used 1. Introduction 2. Light and electrons 3. Wave interactions 4. Interference effects and diffraction patterns 5. Polarized light 6. Lenses 7. Imaging: microscopy and diffraction 8. Contrast 9. Resolution 10. The light microscope 11. Imaging of phase objects 12. Polarizing microscopy 13. Prospects of biological X-ray microscopy 14. The conventional transmission electron microscope 15. Scanning microscopes 16. Aspects of practical electron microscopy 17. The quest for ultimate EM resolution 18. Innovations in microscope development 19. Photography Appendix: image location Author index Subject index.
Detecting change in a time-series (Corresp.) (1980)

A method is presented which provides a criterion for detecting a change in the structure of a model generating a stochastic sequence. Models that can be represented by a sequence of predictive probability distributions are considered. The method is based on the transformation of the observed sequence <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{x_{n}\}</tex> into a sequence of partial sums of the general innovations, computed for the sequence <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{-\log f(x_{n}|x_{n-1},x_{n-2}, \cdots ,x_{0})\}</tex> . If no change occurs the transformed sequence behaves like a Wiener process, but its mean will exhibit a monotonic growth after the process changes. Based on the properties of this transformation, fixed sample size and sequential tests for the change are constructed. The technique is applied to test for a change in the mean vector in a sequence of (generally dependent) Gaussian random variables, a change of coefficients of an autoregressive process, and a change of distribution in a sequence of discrete independent identically distributed random variables.
Relation between leaf senescence and stomatal closure: Senescence in light (1979)

Senescence of isolated oat seedling leaves, floating on water or solutions in white light, has been followed by the disappearance of chlorophyll and the liberation of free amino nitrogen. In parallel, measurements of stomatal aperture were made with a diffusion resistance porometer, and borne out also by changes in fresh weight. The stomata open as expected in the light but slowly begin to close after the first day; correspondingly, in the dark they close at once but gradually begin to open on successive days. Abscisic acid causes closure and this is accompanied by senescence. Phenylmercuric nitrate also causes closure and again the reaction is closely paralleled by senescence. Kinetin maintains stomatal opening even more than does light alone, and this is accompanied by complete prevention of chlorophyll loss for at least 5 days. Covering the leaf surface with a film of Vaseline, especially when detergents are added, accelerates senescence. Merely floating the leaf segments on hypertonic solutions of sucrose or mannitol suffices to bring the rate of senescence in light up to the rate in darkness. It is concluded that the effect of light in delaying senescence is primarily due to its effect on the stomatal aperture, and, more generally, that stomatal aperture is the principal controlling agent in leaf senescence.
ERK and cell death: Mechanisms of ERK‐induced cell death – apoptosis, autophagy and senescence (2009)

The Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in almost all cell functions and therefore requires exquisite control of its spatiotemporal activity. Depending on the cell type and stimulus, ERK activity will mediate different antiproliferative events, such as apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in vitro and in vivo. ERK activity can promote either intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways by induction of mitochondrial cytochrome c release or caspase-8 activation, permanent cell cycle arrest or autophagic vacuolization. These unusual effects require sustained ERK activity in specific subcellular compartments and could depend on the presence of reactive oxygen species. We will summarize the mechanisms involved in Ras/Raf/ERK antiproliferative functions.
Efficient resampling methods for training support vector machines with imbalanced datasets (2010)

Random undersampling and oversampling are simple but well-known resampling methods applied to solve the problem of class imbalance. In this paper we show that the random oversampling method can produce better classification results than the random undersampling method, since the oversampling can increase the minority class recognition rate by sacrificing less amount of majority class recognition rate than the undersampling method. However, the random oversampling method would increase the computational cost associated with the SVM training largely due to the addition of new training examples. In this paper we present an investigation carried out to develop efficient resampling methods that can produce comparable classification results to the random oversampling results, but with the use of less amount of data. The main idea of the proposed methods is to first select the most informative data examples located closer to the class boundary region by using the separating hyperplane found by training an SVM model on the original imbalanced dataset, and then use only those examples in resampling. We demonstrate that it would be possible to obtain comparable classification results to the random oversampling results through two sets of efficient resampling methods which use 50% less amount of data and 75% less amount of data, respectively, compared to the sizes of the datasets generated by the random oversampling method.
A Mobile Battery Swapping Service for Electric Vehicles Based on a Battery Swapping Van (2017)

This paper presents a novel approach for providing a mobile battery swapping service for electric vehicles (EVs) that is provided by a mobile battery swapping van. This battery swapping van can carry many fully charged batteries and drive up to an EV to swap a battery within a few minutes. First, a reasonable EV battery swapping architecture based on a battery swapping van is established in this paper. The function and role of each participant and the relationships between each participant are determined, especially their changes compared with the battery charging service. Second, the battery swapping service is described, including the service request priority and service request queuing model. To provide the battery swapping service efficiently and effectively, the battery swapping service request scheduling is analyzed well, and a minimum waiting time based on priority and satisfaction scheduling strategy (MWT-PS) is proposed. Finally, the battery swapping service is simulated, and the performance of MWT-PS is evaluated in simulation scenarios. The simulation results show that this novel approach can be used as a reference for a future system that provides reasonable and satisfying battery swapping service for EVs.
3D Quantitative Evaluation System for Autostereoscopic Display (2016)

Quality of three-dimensional (3D) displays depends on optical apparatus setups and image generation algorithms. We present a 3D quantitative evaluation method and develop a corresponding system to evaluate the performance of 3D autostereoscopic display. The evaluation system consists of a set of dedicated 3D evaluation reference patterns, a 3D image acquisition platform and a personal computer for auto-control, image processing, and quantitative analysis. Using the proposed method and system, we evaluate resolution, viewing angle, accuracy of image depth, and quality of displayed image of the 3D autostereoscopic display. Furthermore, we perform the evaluation experiments using two integral photography-based 3D displays. The quantificational evaluation results of main parameters are largely consistent with results of theoretical analysis of evaluated displays and well verify feasibility and availability of the evaluation system. An application experiment using one lenticular-based 3D display is also conducted to verify the universality of our proposed evaluation system.
Ueber die direkte Ueberführung von Gliedern der Weingeistreihe in Amine (1884)

Das Verhalten der Glieder der Weingeistreihe unter solchen Um-
Response to “Comment on ‘Fabrication of a Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayer Diode Using Nanoimprint Lithography'” (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterResponse to “Comment on ‘Fabrication of a Molecular Self-Assembled Monolayer Diode Using Nanoimprint Lithography'”Michael D. Austin and Stephen Y. ChouView Author Information NanoStructure Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540 Cite this: Nano Letters 2004, 4, 3, 535Publication Date (Web):February 14, 2004Publication History Received2 February 2004Published online14 February 2004Published inissue 1 March 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/nl049818zCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (10 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Diodes,Electrical conductivity,Manufacturing,Nanolithography,Self-assembled monolayers Get e-Alerts
DIRECT PWM AC-AC CONVERTERS (1988)

latter are: The maxim input-output transforrrrer ratio, or output voltage ability, of direct AC-AC PWM converters is explored. An intrinsic limit, independent of control algorithm, is found at vo = - v A suitable novel converter control algorithm is discussed, which achieves such maximum output amplitude , and displays sone interesting new features. Finally, the opportunity to implement AC-AC converter control with the use of feedback techniques is considered and a feedback based control algorithm for the new converter is proposed. 7cT 2 9
A neural network approach to circuit topology generator (2002)

In this paper, we present a new approach to automatically generate circuit topologies based on a neural network (NN). The main advantages of this approach is that the system can easily generate the circuit topology with less designer's experience within a reasonable time by using less computer resources. The main kernel of neural network part consists of two parts, the topology imagination engine and the topology filtering engine. The topology imagination generates circuit topologies based on the NN concept. On the other hand, the topology filtering engine is used for filters unsimulatable circuits and unsuitable circuits. In the last stage, the optimizer is employed in order to obtain the final solution of the circuit's parameters of the results which come from our topology generator. An electronic analog circuit design example is shown.
Adding regular expressions to graph reachability and pattern queries (2011)

It is increasingly common to find graphs in which edges bear different types, indicating a variety of relationships. For such graphs we propose a class of reachability queries and a class of graph patterns, in which an edge is specified with a regular expression of a certain form, expressing the connectivity in a data graph via edges of various types. In addition, we define graph pattern matching based on a revised notion of graph simulation. On graphs in emerging applications such as social networks, we show that these queries are capable of finding more sensible information than their traditional counterparts. Better still, their increased expressive power does not come with extra complexity. Indeed, (1) we investigate their containment and minimization problems, and show that these fundamental problems are in quadratic time for reachability queries and are in cubic time for pattern queries. (2) We develop an algorithm for answering reachability queries, in quadratic time as for their traditional counterpart. (3) We provide two cubic-time algorithms for evaluating graph pattern queries based on extended graph simulation, as opposed to the NP-completeness of graph pattern matching via subgraph isomorphism. (4) The effectiveness, efficiency and scalability of these algorithms are experimentally verified using real-life data and synthetic data.
A cell-intrinsic timer that operates during oligodendrocyte development (2000)

Multicellular organisms develop on a predictable schedule that depends on both cell-intrinsic timers and sequential cell-cell interactions mediated by extracellular signals. The interplay between intracellular timers and extracellular signals is well illustrated by the development of oligodendrocytes, the cells that make the myelin in the vertebrate central nervous system. An intrinsic timing mechanism operates in each oligodendrocyte precursor cell to limit the length of time the cell divides before terminally differentiating. This mechanism consists of two components, a timing component, which depends on the mitogen platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and measures elapsed time, and an effector component, which depends on thyroid hormone and stops cell division and initiates differentiation at the appropriate time. The cell-cycle inhibitor p27/Kip1 accumulates in the precursor cells as they proliferate and is part of both components of the timer. It seems likely that similar timing mechanisms operate in other cell lineages. BioEssays 22:64-71, 2000.