gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A software simulator for automotive radar (1993)

Radar systems for automobiles are now being actively studied in research by many automotive and electronics organization. The purpose of such radars would be to detect potential hazards and to keep a car a safe distance from the car in front. Radars designed to detect potential hazards are frequently known as obstacle avoidance radars (OARs). The immediate requirement for the simulator described arose from the need to be able to generate synthetic radar data to test the signal processing being developed for an experimental (OAR). The program simulates a radar map of the scene ahead of the car, as it would be seen by an obstacle avoidance radar. The author describes the design philosophy and operation of the simulator. Results of the simulation are also described. The simulator accurately mimics the problems which will be caused for the signal processing by fading and shadowing of targets.
Conquest: Better Performance Through a Disk/Persistent-RAM Hybrid File System (2002)

Abstract ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ The rapidly declining cost of persistent RAM technologies prompts the question of when, not whether, such memory will become the preferred storage medium for many computers. Conquest is a file system that provides a transition from disk to persistent RAM as the primary storage medium. Conquest provides two specialized and simplified data paths to in-core and on-disk storage, and Conquest realizes most of the benefits of persistent RAM at a fractional cost of a RAM-only solution. As of October 2001, Conquest can be used effectively for a hardware cost of under $200. We compare Conquest’s performance to ext2, reiserfs, SGI XFS, and ramfs, using popular benchmarks. Our measurements show that Conquest incurs little overhead compared to ramfs. Compared to the disk-based file systems, Conquest achieves 24 % to 1900 % faster memory performance, and 43 % to 96% faster performance when exercising both memory and disk. 1
TEMPERATURE CHANGES OF HUMAN CORNEA AND TEARS UNDER CONTACT LENSES PART III. OCULAR SENSATION (1965)

Flushing, New York *Submitted on February 24, 1965, for publication in the October, 1965, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Optometrist.
Enhancer element at the 3'-flanking region controls transcriptional response to hypoxia in the human erythropoietin gene (1991)

Erythropoietin gene expression is greatly stimulated under conditions of hypoxia. The activation of the erythropoietin gene appears regulated primarily at the level of gene transcription. To study cis-acting elements involved in the response to hypoxia a mini-gene was constructed by an internal deletion from exon II to V of the human erythropoietin gene and used in transient transfection assays in the erythropoietin producing Hep 3B cell line. It was initially found that hypoxia responsiveness was present in an erythropoietin fragment containing 400 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking and 600 bp of 3'-flanking regions. Deletion analysis showed no significant effect on the response to hypoxia when highly conserved regions of 5'-flanking sequence, exon and intron I, and exon V were removed from the mini-gene construct. However, removal of a fragment containing the 3' end of the gene and 3'-flanking sequences completely eliminated hypoxia responsiveness. Reinsertion of the above fragment upstream of the 5' end of the mini-gene restored the response to hypoxia. Further analysis using hybrid erythropoietin-chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase constructs allowed the localization of enhancer-like element(s) in the 3'-flanking region, approximately 120 bp downstream of the polyadenylation site of the human erythropoietin gene. Activation by these sequences were position- and orientation-independent and stimulated 15-fold transcription of the erythropoietin gene in response to hypoxia.
Global search and genetic algorithms (1992)

A very general and flexible way to formulate inverse problems is as problems in Bayesian inference. This approach permits us to consolidate a number of different types of information about a particular inverse problem into a single calculation. We can combine a priori information about which model features are plausible and which are not, information about the observed data and their errors, and information about numerical and theoretical errors in the calculation that predicts the data that would be produced by a given model. We end up with a scalar-valued function, called the posterior probability, over the space of all models. The values of this function over a set of models express the probability that those models could have led to a particular set of observed data. The goal of the inverse calculation, then, is to find all of the models whose posterior probability is greater than some threshold of acceptability set in advance by the user. (The function that optimization calculations seek to extremize is often called the objective function; the posterior probability is used as an objective function when we try to solve inference problems.)
The Effect of Growth Factors and Synovial Fluid on Chondrogenesis in Perichondrium (1990)

Reconstruction of cartilage with perichondrium depends on the chondrogenic property of the perichondrial fibrocytes. The present investigation concerns the conditions for the differentiation of fibrocytes into chondrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. For the in vivo studies specimens of rib and auricular perichondrium from adult rabbits were wrapped round silicon rods which were enclosed in dialysis bags. One was placed in the suprapatellar pouch of the knee joint and one was placed intraperitoneally in each rabbit. After two months the bags were extracted, the perichondrium prepared for microscopic examination, and the chondrogenesis evaluated. In vitro the perichondrium was divided into small pieces and incubated with tissue culture medium. The medium was supplemented with fetal calf serum, together with epidermal growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, synovial fluid, or with human serum albumin (control group). After three weeks the explants were prepared for microscopy. Chondrogenesis was judged by the degree of cellular enlargement, capsule formation, deposition of matrix, and activation of the outer fibrocytic layer. In vivo, good cartilage development was found in all specimens placed in the knee joint but, in those placed intraperitoneally, little if any chondrogenesis was seen. In vitro profound differentiation occurred in all cultures supplemented with epidermal growth factor and platelet derived growth factor. An equivalent differentiation was found in perichondrium that had been incubated with synovial fluid. We conclude that the differentiation of perichondrial fibrocytes is initiated in vitro by growth factors. In addition, we have shown that synovial fluid contains factors that promote and enhance the development of cartilage from perichondrium.
Botulinum toxin A injection for chronic tennis elbow — A potential new mode of treatment (2005)

Chronic tennis elbow is not a serious disease but patients may suffer greatly. First studies with injection of Botulinum toxin A (Btx A) have shown promising results.In 18 patients a single dose of Btx A was injected into the origin of the forearm extensors. The site of injection was determined by local tenderness and pain provocation on finger and wrist extension. A significant clinical improvement was seen at two weeks following injection. The effect was noted up to the last follow-up at 14 weeks. Pain, as self-assessed on a visual analogue scale, was also significantly reduced. A significant decrease of muscle strength was only seen for the third finger two weeks after injection. It slowly returned to normal thereafter.A single injection of Btx A seems to be a promising therapy in chronic tennis elbow. It can be carried out in an outpatient setting, and allows the patients to continue working.
Consistent gradient operators (2000)

We propose optimal gradient operators based on a newly derived consistency criterion. This criterion is based on an orthogonal decomposition of the difference between a continuous gradient and discrete gradients into the intrinsic smoothing effect and the self-inconsistency involved in the operator. We show that consistency assures the exactness of gradient direction of a locally 1D pattern in spite of its orientation, spectral composition, and sub-pixel translation. Stressing that inconsistency reduction is of primary importance, we derive an iterative algorithm which leads to accurate gradient operators of arbitrary size. We compute the optimum 3/spl times/3, 4/spl times/4, and 5/spl times/5 operators, compare them with conventional operators and examine the performance for one synthetic and several real images. The results indicate that the proposed operators are superior with respect to accuracy, bandwidth and isotropy.
SmartBuckle (2008)

Recognizing human activity is one of the most important concerns in many ubiquitous computing systems. In this paper, we present a wearable intelligence device for medical monitoring applications. We called the SmartBuckle that is designed to recognize human activity and to monitor vitality. We developed human activity recognition algorithms and evaluated them by using data acquired from a 3-axis accelerometer with embedded one image sensor in a belt. In order to evaluate, acceleration data was collected from 9 activity labels. In the image sensor, we extracted activity features based on grid-based optical flow method. In the 3-axis accelerometer sensor, we used the correlation between axes and the magnitude of the FFT for feature extraction. In the experiments, our classifiers showed the excellent performance in recognizing activities with an overall accuracy rate of 93%.
VPPB-a visualization and performance prediction tool for multithreaded Solaris programs (2002)

Efficient performance tuning of parallel programs is often hard. We describe an approach that uses a uni-processor execution of a multithreaded program as reference to simulate a multiprocessor execution. The speed-up is predicted, and the program behaviour is visualized as a graph, which can be used in the performance tuning process. The simulator considers scheduling as well as hardware parameters, e.g., the thread priority, no. of LWPs, and no. of CPUs. The visualization part shows the simulated execution in two graphs: one showing the threads' behaviour over time and the other the amount of parallelism over time. In the first graph it is possible to relate an event in the graph to the code line causing the event. Validation using a Sun multiprocessor with eight processors and five scientific parallel applications shows that the speed-up predictions are within +/-6% of a real execution.
Torque transducers with stress-sensitive amorphous ribbons of chevron-pattern (1984)

In this paper, a simplified assembling method is presented by which a reliable and compact torque transducer exhibiting wide dynamic range and good linearity is obtained. The only modification applied to the shaft to obtain the torque transducer is to glue several pairs of stress-sensitive amorphous ribbons of rectangular form or of parallelogram form to the shaft in a chevron-pattern. Experiments are carried out on torque transducers with the nonmagnetic torsion bar to comfirm the theoretical prediction and with the magnetic steel torsion bar to examine the output characteristics and the dynamic response.
Enterprise Network Testing: Testing Throughout the Network Lifecycle to Maximize Availability and Performance (2011)

Enterprise Network Testing Testing Throughout the Network Lifecycle to Maximize Availability and Performance Andy Sholomon, CCIE No. 15179 Tom Kunath, CCIE No. 1679 The complete guide to using testing to reduce risk and downtime in advanced enterprise networks Testing has become crucial to meeting enterprise expectations of near-zero network downtime. Enterprise Network Testing is the first comprehensive guide to all facets of enterprise network testing. Cisco enterprise consultants Andy Sholomon and Tom Kunath offer a complete blueprint and best-practice methodologies for testing any new network system, product, solution, or advanced technology. Sholomon and Kunath begin by explaining why it is important to test and how network professionals can leverage structured system testing to meet specific business goals. Then, drawing on their extensive experience with enterprise clients, they present several detailed case studies. Through real-world examples, you learn how to test architectural proofs of concept, specific network features, network readiness for use, migration processes, security, and more. Enterprise Network Testing contains easy-to-adapt reference test plans for branches, WANs/MANs, data centers, and campuses. The authors also offer specific guidance on testing many key network technologies, including MPLS/VPN, QoS, VoIP, video, IPsec VPNs, advanced routing (OSPF, EIGRP, BGP), and Data Center Fabrics. Understand why, when, and how you should test your network Use testing to discover critical network design flaws Incorporate structured systems testing into enterprise architecture strategy Utilize testing to improve decision-making throughout the network lifecycle Develop an effective testing organization and lab facility Choose and use test services providers Scope, plan, and manage network test assignments nLeverage the best commercial, free, and IOS test tools Successfully execute test plans, including crucial low-level details Minimize the equipment required to test large-scale networks Identify gaps in network readiness Validate and refine device configurations Certify new hardware, operating systems, and software features Test data center performance and scalability Leverage test labs for hands-on technology training This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Photophysics, and Solvatochromism in New Cyclometalated 6-Phenyl-4-(<i>p</i>-R-phenyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl (R = Me, COOMe, P(O)(OEt)<sub>2</sub>) (C<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>N) Platinum(II) Thiophenolate Chromophores (2009)

Three new cyclometalated 6-phenyl-4-(p-R-phenyl)-2,2'-bipyridyl (C--N--N) Pt(II) thiophenolate complexes (R = Me (2a), COOMe (2b), and P(O)(OEt)(2) (2c)) have been synthesized and studied. The new C--N--N ligands L2 (R = COOMe) and L3 (R = P(O)(OEt)(2)) undergo cyclometalation with a Pt(II) source to give the Pt(II) chloro complexes 1b and 1c, respectively, which are luminescent in fluid solution with lambda(max) approximately 575 nm, assigned to a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) emissive state. Reaction of the chloro complexes 1a (R = Me), 1b, and 1c with sodium thiophenolate gives 2a-2c, respectively, in good yields. The novel thiophenolate complexes have two interesting absorption bands in their electronic spectra tentatively assigned to a charge-transfer to C--N--N ((1)CT) (lambda(abs) approximately 415 nm) transition and a mixed metal/ligand-to-ligand' charge-transfer (MMLL'CT, lambda(abs) approximately 555 nm) transition, respectively. The MMLL'CT band is solvatochromic with absorption maxima in the range of 496 nm in MeOH to 590 nm in toluene (epsilon approximately 4000 dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1)), which correlate well with an empirical charge-transfer-based solvent scale. Excitation of 2a-2c into the MMLL'CT band gives emission maxima around 680 nm in frozen CH(2)Cl(2) solution, and no emission in fluid solution. Ligand L2 and complexes 1a.MeCN, 1b, and 2b.CH(2)Cl(2) have been characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical properties of ligands L1 (R = Me) and L2 and complexes 1a-1c and 2a-2c have been examined by cyclic voltammetry and are shown to exhibit reversible and quasi-reversible reductions and irreversible oxidations.
Interoperation of DEVS models and differential equation models using HLA/RTI: hybrid simulation of engineering and engagement level models (2009)

A hybrid model is a combination of models developed in various simulation development environments. A war game model is a kind of hybrid model and consists of multiple level models. Engineering level models are interested in the change of values via time and process mathematical equations, and most of them are developed in MALTAB/Simulink. Engagement level models are concerned about state transitions by events and modeled using the Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formalism. This paper proposes a framework for interoperation of simulation tools for engineering and engagement level models simulation. The framework employs the High Level Architecture (HLA) to reuse existing models and suggests specific interfaces for MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed framework is demonstrated through simulation of a simple war game model including heterogenous models.
The effect on the lanthanide luminescence of structurally simple Eu(iii) cyclen complexes upon deprotonation of metal bound water molecules and amide based pendant arms (2010)

A series of substituted 1,4,7,10-tetraazacylcododecane ligands 1-4, possessing sensitizing nitrobenzene or naphthalene antennae, as one of the amide pendant arms, and their complexes with europium(III) were synthesised. The protonation constants and the metal ion stability constants of two of these ligands were determined by potentiometric titration. The pK(a) of the water molecules coordinated to the complexed metal ion were determined by both luminescent and potentiometric measurements. The luminescence pH dependence of a further three Eu(III) complexes, 5-7, which lack any antennae, were also studied with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the role of the metal bound water molecules in the luminescence properties of such complexes upon direct excitation of the lanthanide ion. The results from these luminescent measurements demonstrate that the Eu(III) emission was significantly modulated as a function of pH for all the complexes, which we assigned to changes occurring in the coordination environment of the ion within the cyclen system, caused by deprotonation of metal bound water molecules and/or deprotonation of pendent amide arms.
A Theoretical Comparison of Self-Assembling α- and β-Peptide Nanostructures: Toward Design of β-Barrel Frameworks (2008)

Self-assembling peptide-based nanotubes are among the most investigated bioactive compounds as a result of their numerous potential applications as novel biomaterials. To support rational bottom-up design of such artificial nanosystems, here we investigate structural and energetic properties of various sheet-derived nanotubes. We carried out high level quantum chemical calculations on large models, composed of up to 32 amino acids, and characterized structures from extended beta-sheets to the molecular framework of beta-barrel proteins. Surprisingly, enzyme-resistant nonnatural beta-peptides have an affinity to form nanotubes that is remarkably higher than that of natural alpha-peptides. We analyzed the stability of both systems depending on (i) parallel or antiparallel orientation, (ii) the number of peptide strands, and (iii) the formed hydrogen bond pattern. Applicability is outlined by investigating guest molecules in the tubes. It is hoped that the structural and energetic data presented here will be effectively used in the design of novel peptide nanosystems.
A multi-agent system for managing plug-in hybrid vehicles as primary reserve capacity in a Smart Grid (2011)

Driven by environmental concerns, there is an increase in uncontrollable electricity generation from renewable energy sources. To maintain the delicate balance between production and consumption on the electricity grid, the amount of expensive reserve capacities is increasing. An intelligent electricity grid or Smart Grid will enable the control of appliances at consumers' homes to improve grid balance. In particular, the control of PHEVs (plug-in hybrid vehicles) will offer a large flexible reserve. The goal of our research is to compare several solutions for controlling PHEVs as a reserve capacity. This paper takes a first step by controlling PHEVs with a multi-agent system as a primary reserve capacity. Simulations show that the multi-agent system is able to control PHEVs as a primary reserve, charge them in time and flatten the transformer load. To guarantee a constant regulation power throughout the day, PHEVs require a grid connection at work and the possibility of V2G (vehicle-to- grid).
Fan beam image reconstruction using generalized natural pixel bases [SPECT] (2002)

The purpose of this study is to represent the natural pixel basis for fan beam geometry. The image equation for generalized natural pixel basis can be described as Mq=p, where p is the projection measurement, q is the unknown estimation, and matrix M is the backprojection-projection operation. Without considering photon scatter, geometric response, and attenuation, the natural pixel representation of the projection operator for fan beam geometry is a unit strip of which central line is along the line from the center of the detector bin to the focal point. Since the backprojection operator can be different from the adjoint projection operator, one fan beam, two parallel beam backprojection operators were used to define the behavior of the backprojection functional. The singular value decomposition (SVD) reconstruction method is used to solve q in this inverse problem, and the final image is obtained by backprojecting this q into a discrete array of points. We observed that different backprojection geometries can reconstruct almost an identical image. Moreover, the use of the natural pixel basis for fan beam geometry has higher resolution than the filtered backprojection algorithm.
Use both lanes: Multi-channel beaconing for message dissemination in vehicular networks (2013)

We study the feasibility of multi-channel beaconing for efficient data dissemination in vehicular networks. Beaconing, i.e., sending small one-hop broadcasts in a periodic fashion, is now a state of the art method for information dissemination in vehicular networks. The main research challenge is to minimize the communication delay while efficiently using the wireless medium without ever overloading the wireless channel. Currently, several approaches to meet these demands can be identified, but they all share the disadvantage of using only a single wireless channel. This is a major bottleneck at high vehicle densities, leading to high delays or packet loss. In this work, we investigate the potentials of a multi-channel approach by extending the delay sensitive and congestion aware Adaptive Traffic Beacon (ATB) protocol to make full use of IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 DSRC/WAVE. We present a novel channel scheduling algorithm and incorporate it into an improved information dissemination protocol. We evaluate our approach in simulations, employing the extended protocol to allow vehicles to dynamically adapt their route to changing traffic conditions. We are able to demonstrate the feasibility of this multi-channel approach, showing that it successfully reduces the channel utilization and observed packet collisions without sacrificing the goodput.