gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample transport with thermocapillary force for microfluidics (2006)

This paper presents a novel concept for transport of aqueous sample in capillaries. The concept is based on the thermocapillary effect, which utilizes the temperature dependency of surface tension to drive a sample droplet. To date, the major problem of this concept was the evaporation of the aqueous sample. In our approach, a liquid-liquid system was used for delivering the sample. The aqueous sample is protected by silicone oil, thus evaporation can be avoided. A transient temperature field drives both liquids away from a heater. The paper first presents a theoretical model for the coupled thermocapillary problem. Next, the paper compares and discusses experimental results with different capillary sizes. The results show the huge potential of this concept for handling sample droplets dispersed in oil, which are often created by droplet-based microfluidics.
Antimicrobial peptide interactions with silica bead supported bilayers and <i>E. coli:</i> buforin II, magainin II, and arenicin (2009)

Using the unique quantitative capabilities of hyperspectral confocal microscopy combined with multivariate curve resolution, a comparative approach was employed to gain a deeper understanding of the different types of interactions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with biological membranes and cellular compartments. This approach allowed direct comparison of the dynamics and local effects of buforin II, magainin II, and arenicin with nanoporous silica bead supported bilayers and living E. coli. Correlating between experiments and comparing these responses have yielded several important discoveries for pursuing the underlying biophysics of bacteriocidal specificity and the connection between structure and function in various cellular environments. First, a novel fluorescence method for direct comparison of a model and living system is demonstrated by utilizing the membrane partitioning and environmental sensitivity of propidium iodide. Second, measurements are presented comparing the temporal dynamics and local equilibrium concentrations of the different antimicrobial agents in the membrane and internal matrix of the described systems. Finally, we discuss how the data lead to a deeper understanding of the roles of membrane penetration and permeabilization in the action of these AMPs.
Hysteresis Modeling in Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

This paper investigates the applicability of the scalar Preisach model to describe the hysteresis in the state of charge versus open-circuit voltage plane of lithium-iron-phosphate batteries. The model is implemented using the Everett function, identified with experimental data related to first-order reversal hysteresis branches. To show the effectiveness of the approach and the predictive capabilities of the Preisach model in this peculiar application, numerical simulations of a major hysteresis loop and a set of minor loops are compared with the experimental data.
Company History: Corporate Archives' Public Outreach on Fortune 100 Company Websites (2009)

Just before commercialization of the Internet, corporate archives communicated with the public via museums and exhibits, books and articles, educational curricula, television, anniversary publications, and nostalgic packaged goods. By 1996, as growing numbers of companies experimented with their first Web sites, corporate archivists such as Philip F. Mooney at Coca-Cola found a new, “unparalleled opportunity for outreach.” Mooney and his colleagues at Chevron, Ford Motor, J.C. Penney, Levi Strauss, Texas Instruments, and Wells Fargo were among those contributing early content to company Web sites, such as the J.C. Penney “History Page,” with its illustrated timeline, founder’s biography,video clip, and museum/archives contact information. A decade later, Company History sections of one or more Web pages are common—only seventeen of the Fortune 100 companies of 2008 did not have one on their Web sites—and maturing, as content and design refresh to engage repeat visitors and incorporate changing technology. If a company has an archives program, its Company History section often extends beyond a timeline to share legacy collections, activities, and communications with the public. This outreach on company Web sites is little discussed in archival literature, as studies of corporate archives and technology tend to focus inward on serving clients within the company.
International Responsibility for Human Rights Violations by American Indian Tribes (2005)

The American Indian tribes have a unique status in the law of the United\nStates. They are characterized as sovereigns that predate the formation of\nthe republic and possess inherent powers and immunities. Their powers\npermit them to create and enforce laws and generally to operate as\nautonomous governmental entities with executive, legislative, and\njudicial branches. Tribes enjoy immunity from suit and exemption from\nfederal and state constitutional provisions which protect individual\nrights. These powers and immunities provide a connection between tribal\ngovernments and U.S. international human rights obligations. This\nArticle explores that connection. It examines whether the tribes may\nbreach certain international human rights obligations of the United\nStates, whether tribal violations may incur U.S. international\nresponsibility, and if so, what consequences might result. It constructs an\nargument that the United States has failed to implement fully its\ninternational human rights obligations and that it can be held\ninternationally responsible for tribal violations of human rights. This\nargument leads to policy recommendations for the United States and\ntribal governments.
On Shelf Availability: A Literature Review & Conceptual Framework (2012)

On-Shelf Availability (OSA) is a key performance indicator for the retail industry, greatly impacting profit and customer loyalty. Strong competition in the industry causes retailers and suppliers to put heavy emphasis on improving performance in an effort to satisfy consumers and keep them coming back to their store or product. Over 40 years of research has been done on OSA and its complement, out-of stock (OOS), however very little progress has been made in improving performance in these areas, leading to the belief that gaps in extant research exist. In order to solve the OOS problem, the key drivers of OOS events must first be identified and then addressed. This paper focuses on identifying the drivers of poor OSA performance through a three step process. First, a comprehensive literature review was performed to identify the drivers of OOS addressed in existing literature. Second, interviews with industry professionals revealed potential drivers of poor OSA performance that have been explored at an industry level. Finally, the two lists were examined against each other and the potential drivers identified in the interviews that had yet to be researched were highlighted. This paper gives strategic direction for future research to help solve the OOS dilemma facing manufacturers and retailers today.
Hyperspectral band selection using genetic algorithm and support vector machines for early identification of charcoal rot disease in soybean stems (2018)

The results demonstrated that these carefully-chosen wavebands are more informative than RGB images alone and enable early identification of charcoal rot infection in soybean. The selected wavebands could be used in a multispectral camera for remote identification of charcoal rot infection in soybean.
The mutational spectrum of PTPN11 in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and Noonan syndrome/myeloproliferative disease (2005)

Germ line PTPN11 mutations cause 50% of cases of Noonan syndrome (NS). Somatic mutations in PTPN11 occur in 35% of patients with de novo, nonsyndromic juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), either transient or more fulminant forms, can also occur in infants with NS (NS/MPD). We identified PTPN11 mutations in blood or bone marrow specimens from 77 newly reported patients with JMML (n = 69) or NS/MPD (n = 8). Together with previous reports, we compared the spectrum of PTPN11 mutations in 3 groups: (1) patients with JMML (n = 107); (2) patients with NS/MPD (n = 19); and (3) patients with NS (n = 243). Glu76 was the most commonly affected residue in JMML (n = 45), with the Glu76Lys alteration (n = 29) being most frequent. Eight of 19 patients with NS/MPD carried the Thr73Ile substitution. These data suggest that there is a genotype/phenotype correlation in the spectrum of PTPN11 mutations found in patients with JMML, NS/MPD, and NS. This supports the need to characterize the spectrum of hematologic abnormalities in individuals with NS and to better define the impact of the PTPN11 lesion on the disease course in patients with NS/MPD and JMML.
Tapered aluminum interconnect etch (1994)

Tapered etching of the aluminum interconnects can assist in planarization of multilevel interconnects by improving step coverage of chemical vapor deposited oxides in tightly spaced arrays. Previously published results have shown that a tapered aluminum profile is formed by adding small amounts of hydrocarbon gases to Cl2-based etch chemistries [Coburn, Winters, and Chung, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3532 (1977)]. This process relies on the formation of a relatively thick polymer sidewall to achieve the tapered profile. While this mechanism is effective, it can be hard to remove the polymer after etch. A tapered profile was achieved in a transformer coupled plasma etcher using only additions of N2. The polymer sidewall formed during the etch was easily removed with the remaining photoresist. Measurements of the metal lines after etch and cross sections with the resist intact showed that the top dimension of the line was unchanged by the etch while the base of the line was larger than the base of the photoresist. Even though etch rate results show a loss of photoresist selectivity, cross sections show no loss in linewidth of the top of the resulting metal line compared to starting resist linewidth indicating that the slope is achieved by increased sidewall passivation rather than by a typical resist erosion mechanism so the slope of the line is independent of the slope of the resist prior to etch.
Detection of Leishmania donovani soluble antigen and antibody in the urine of visceral leishmaniasis patients (1987)

Urine samples from 21 patients with visceral leishmaniasis were examined for the presence of Leishmania donovani soluble antigen and antibody by double counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. 19 samples revealed both antigen and antibody (IgM in 5 and IgG in all samples). 2 urine samples collected 10 and 13 days after Glucantime treatment revealed only antibody (IgG), not soluble antigen.
A two-port VCCS chaotic oscillator and quad screw attractor (2001)

This paper reports an approach to the synthesis of chaotic oscillators consisting of capacitors and two-port voltage-controlled current sources (2PVCCSs). As a paradigm, we present a chaotic oscillator consisting of one linear 2PVCCS, one hysteresis 2PVCCS and two capacitors. The oscillator exhibits a quad screw attractor and the chaotic behavior can be guaranteed theoretically. Using, a test circuit, the quad screw attractor can be verified in the laboratory.
Synthesis of dimeric phenol derivatives and determination of<i>in vitro</i>antioxidant and radical scavenging activities (2007)

In this study, di(2,6-dimethylphenol) (Di-DMP), di(2,6-diisopropylphenol) (Di-DIP, dipropofol) and di(2,6-di-t-butylphenol) (Di-DTP) were synthesized by the reaction of monomeric phenol derivatives with catalytic CuCl(OH). TMEDA and Na2S2O4. Their antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activity were examined using different in vitro methodologies such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH*) free radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions chelating activities.
Using similarity of soil texture and hydroclimate to enhance soil moisture estimation (2014)

Abstract. Estimating soil moisture typically involves calibrating models to sparse networks of in situ sensors, which introduces considerable error in locations where sensors are not available. We address this issue by calibrating parameters of a parsimonious soil moisture model, which requires only antecedent precipitation information, at gauged locations and then extrapolating these values to ungauged locations via a hydroclimatic classification system. Fifteen sites within the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) containing multiyear time series data for precipitation and soil moisture are used to calibrate the model. By calibrating at 1 of these 15 sites and validating at another, we observe that the best results are obtained where calibration and validation occur within the same hydroclimatic class. Additionally, soil texture data are tested for their importance in improving predictions between calibration and validation sites. Results have the largest errors when calibration–validation pairs differ hydroclimatically and edaphically, improve when one of these two characteristics are aligned, and are strongest when the calibration and validation sites are hydroclimatically and edaphically similar. These findings indicate considerable promise for improving soil moisture estimation in ungauged locations by considering these similarities.
Control of decentralized geometric formations of mobile robots (2012)

Mobile robot formations differ in accordance to the mission, environment and robot abilities. In the case of decentralized control, the ability to achieve the shapes of these formations has to be built in the controllers of each robot. In this paper two types of basic formations are investigated, platoon and V-shape. Leader follower approach is applied for controllers design to drive each robot toward achieving the desired geometric shape of the formation.
Src Homology 3 Binding Sites in the P2Y2 Nucleotide Receptor Interact with Src and Regulate Activities of Src, Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase 2, and Growth Factor Receptors (2004)

Many G protein-coupled receptors activate growth factor receptors, although the mechanisms controlling this transactivation are unclear. We have identified two proline-rich, SH3 binding sites (PXXP) in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the human P2Y(2) nucleotide receptor that directly associate with the tyrosine kinase Src in protein binding assays. Furthermore, Src co-precipitated with the P2Y(2) receptor in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells stimulated with the P2Y(2) receptor agonist UTP. A mutant P2Y(2) receptor lacking the PXXP motifs was found to stimulate calcium mobilization and serine/threonine phosphorylation of the Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases, like the wild-type receptor, but was defective in its ability to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Dual immunofluorescence labeling of the P2Y(2) receptor and the EGFR indicated that UTP caused an increase in the co-localization of these receptors in the plasma membrane that was prevented by the Src inhibitor PP2. Together, these data suggest that agonist-induced binding of Src to the SH3 binding sites in the P2Y(2) receptor facilitates Src activation, which recruits the EGFR into a protein complex with the P2Y(2) receptor and allows Src to efficiently phosphorylate the EGFR.
Modern Experimental Stress Analysis: Completing the Solution of Partially Specified Problems (2004)

Preface.Notation.Introduction.1 Finite Element Methods.1.1 Deformation and Strain.1.2 Tractions and Stresses.1.3 Governing Equations of Motion.1.4 Material Behavior.1.5 The Finite Element Method.1.6 Some Finite Element Discretizations.1.7 Dynamic Considerations.1.8 Geometrically Nonlinear Problems.1.9 Nonlinear Materials.2 Experimental Methods.2.1 Electrical Filter Circuits.2.2 Digital Recording and Manipulation of Signals.2.3 Electrical Resistance Strain Gages.2.4 Strain Gage Circuits.2.5 Motion and Force Transducers.2.6 Digital Recording and Analysis of Images.2.7 Moire Analysis of Displacement.2.8 Holographic Interferometry.2.9 Photoelasticity.3 Inverse Methods 1713.1 Analysis of Experimental Data.3.2 Parametric Modeling of Data.3.3 Parameter Identification with Extrapolation.3.4 Identification of Implicit Parameters.3.5 Inverse Theory for Ill-Conditioned Problems.3.6 Some Regularization Forms.3.7 Relocation of Data onto a Grid Pattern.3.8 Discussion.4 Static Problems 2194.1 Force Identification Problems.4.2 Whole-Field Displacement Data.4.3 Strain Gages.4.4 Traction Distributions.4.5 Nonlinear Data Relations.4.6 Parameter Identification Problems.4.7 Choosing the Parameterization.4.8 Discussion.5 Transient Problems with Time Data.5.1 The Essential Difficulty.5.2 Deconvolution using Sensitivity Responses.5.3 Experimental Studies.5.4 Scalability Issues: Recursive Formulation.5.5 The One-Sided Hopkinson Bar.5.6 Identifying Localized Stiffness and Mass.5.7 Implicit Parameter Identification.5.8 Force Location Problems.5.9 Discussion.6 Transient Problems with Space Data.6.1 Space-Time Deconvolution.6.2 Preliminary Metrics.6.3 Traction Distributions.6.4 Dynamic Photoelasticity.6.5 Identification Problems.6.6 Force Location for a Shell Segment.6.7 Discussion.7 Nonlinear Problems.7.1 Static Inverse Method.7.2 Nonlinear Structural Dynamics.7.3 Nonlinear Elastic Behavior.7.4 Elastic-Plastic Materials.7.5 Nonlinear Parameter Identification.7.6 Dynamics of Cracks.7.7 Highly Instrumented Structures.7.8 Discussion.Afterword.References.Index.
Fiber Optic Fluorescence Thermometry (2006)

Foreword. Preface. Symbols and abbreviations. Fiber optic fluorescence thermometry: An introduction. Temperature dependences of Cr3+ fluorescence lifetimes. Phase-locked detection of fluorescence lifetime. Cr3+ fluorescence thermometers and applications of PLD. Alexandrite based fluorescence thermometry. Cr:LiSAF based thermometer for biomedical applications. High temperature rare-earth thermometry and pyrometry. Self-referencing intensity-based fluorescence thermometry. Rare-earth doped fluorescent and luminescent optical fibers. Assessment and cross-comparisons in fiber optic fluorescence thermometry. Index.
Dielectric resonator dual modes filter (1980)

In a shielded cylindrical dielectric resonator a number of degenerate modes with identical natural frequencies can be found. These degenerate modes can be coupled together to form coupled circuits by perturbating the geometrical configuration of the structure. The letter presents both TE01p mode resonant frequency perturbation by a tuning screw and a two modes dielectric filter using two perpendicularly polarised HE111 modes of the resonator.
Discovery research: the scientific challenge of finding new antibiotics (2011)

The dwindling supply of new antibiotics largely reflects regulatory and commercial challenges, but also a failure of discovery. In the 1990s the pharmaceutical industry abandoned its classical ways of seeking antibiotics and instead adopted a strategy that combined genomics with high-throughput screening of existing compound libraries. Too much emphasis was placed on identifying targets and molecules that bound to them, and too little emphasis was placed on the ability of these molecules to permeate bacteria, evade efflux and avoid mutational resistance; moreover, the compound libraries were systematically biased against antibiotics. The sorry result is that no antibiotic found by this strategy has yet entered clinical use and many major pharmaceutical companies have abandoned antibiotic discovery. Although a raft of start-up companies-variously financed by venture capital, charity or public money--are now finding new antibiotic compounds (some of them very promising in vitro or in early trials), their development through Phase III depends on financial commitments from large pharmaceutical companies, where the discouraging regulatory environment and the poor likely return on investment remain paramount issues.
Millimeter-wave performance of chip interconnections using wire bonding and flip chip (2002)

The performances of two different interconnection techniques for coplanar MMICs, wire bonding and flip chip, are investigated at millimeter-wave frequencies. By developing an accurate model for the interconnections, which is validated with experimental data up to 120 GHz, the limitations with respect to frequency and interconnection distance of either technique are pointed out, yielding useful data for the design of hybrid MMW-subsystems.
NETRA: a hierarchical and partitionable architecture for computer vision systems (1993)

Computer vision is regarded as one of the most complex and computationally intensive problems. In general, a Computer Vision System (CVS) attempts to relate scene(s) in terms of model(s). A typical CVS employs algorithms from a very broad spectrum such as numerical, image processing, graph algorithms, symbolic processing, and artificial intelligence. The authors present a multiprocessor architecture, called "NETRA," for computer vision systems. NETRA is a highly flexible architecture. The topology of NETRA is recursively defined, and hence, is easily scalable from small to large systems. It is a hierarchical architecture with a tree-type control hierarchy. Its leaf nodes consists of a cluster of processors connected with a programmable crossbar with selective broadcast capability to provide the desired flexibility. The processors in clusters can operate in SIMD-, MIMD- or Systolic-like modes. Other features of the architecture include integration of limited data-driven computation within a primarily control flow mechanism, block-level control and data flow, decentralization of memory management functions, and hierarchical load balancing and scheduling capabilities. The paper also presents a qualitative evaluation and preliminary performance results of a cluster of NETRA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic verification of radiation field shape using digital portal images (1992)

Two computer methods for matching digital line drawings have been tested for automatic on-line verification of the radiation field shape during radiotherapy. This work is part of a research program aiming at automated inspection of on-line acquired digital portal images. Both methods, moment normalization and point distance minimization, compare the field edge detected in the portal image with the intended field edge and the beam shaping devices marked in the simulator image. Tests showed that the methods should be used together. First, shape deviations in the detected field edge are classified quickly, in less than a second (25 MHz 386 + 387 PC), as large (e.g., missing blocks) or small (e.g., shifts of a few mm) by moment normalization. Then the portal image is mapped to the simulator image by field edge alignment with a translation and magnification obtained from moment normalization and a rotation from point distance minimization. The mapped portal image and the simulator image juxtaposed on a monitor screen for visual inspection. Finally, the small field shape deviations are detected by an analysis of the relationship between the radiation field shape and the positioning of field shaping devices using point distance minimization.