gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congenital stationary night blindness: an animal model. (1978)

Electroretinographic studies of myctalopic Appaloosa horses demonstrated photopic and scotopic abnormalities similar to those in humans with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) of the Schubert-Bornschein type. The phototopic abnormalities consisted of reduced b-wave amplitudes and slower than normal b-wave implict time. The dark-adapted ERG's consisted of a simple negative potential; the scotopic b-wave was nonrecordable. However, a normal c-wave was present in the dark-adapted response. Histologic studies demonstrated no structural abnormalities that could explain the functional defect.
Silicon Nitride Passivated Integrated Circuits - Reliability Improvements (1967)

Silicon nitride passivated integrated circuits have been shown to exhibit exceptional stability to inversion after reverse bias accelerated stressing up to 1000 hours at 175°C. Various oxide-nitride structures compatible with large scale manufacturing were investigated. Stress data is presented as a function of the process used, and it is shown that the limiting factor to device stability is the cleanliness of the SiO2 interlayer.
Microgrid islanding and grid restoration with off-the-shelf utility protection equipment (2017)

Automatic islanding and reconnection are commonly required at the point of common coupling between microgrids and macrogrids. Islanding systems open the point of common coupling during short circuits, open circuits, and dangerous backfeed conditions in the macrogrid. Automatic synchronizing systems provide reconnection by dispatching multiple distributed energy resources to reduce slip and voltage differences at the point of common coupling. This paper explains how commercial, off-the-shelf protective relays can be used to automatically island microgrids from and reconnect microgrids to the macrogrid.
Evaluating Chromatic Adaptation Transform Performance (2005)

The performance of many color science and imaging algorithms are evaluated based on their mean errors. However, if these errors are not normally distributed, statistical evaluations based on the mean are not appropriate performance metrics. We present a non-parametric method, called the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which can be used to evaluate performance without making any underlying assumption of the error distribution. When applying the metric to the performance of chromatic adaptation transforms on corresponding color data, we can derive a new CAT that statistically significantly outperforms CAT02 at the 95% confidence level.
Controlled Self-Assembly of <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>-Symmetric Hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzocoronenes with Alternating Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substituents in Solution, in the Bulk, and on a Surface (2009)

In this work, we introduce a class of C(3)-symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) 1 with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents to achieve control over the self-assembly of discotic nanographene molecules. Our studies show that the following structural parameters and experimental conditions are essential for tailoring the formation of the liquid-crystalline phase in the bulk as well as the self-assembly in solution and on surfaces: (1) steric demand of alkyl and alkylphenyl substituents; (2) noncovalent hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions of the substituents; and (3) processing conditions, such as the type and mixture of solvents of different polarities along with the nature of the surface. The substitution of HBC with linear alkyl side chains possessing less steric demand (1b) leads to high crystallinity in the bulk solid state and at the liquid-solid interface, and the additional feature of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents promotes a high aggregation tendency in polar/apolar solvent mixtures. In contrast, bulky branched alkyl chains (1a) and alkylphenyl substituents (1c) induce liquid crystallinity over the whole temperature range measured. While 1a does not show pronounced self-assembly in solution, compound 1c displays, even at high temperatures, aggregation in polar/apolar solution due to the intermolecular "locking" of peripheral phenyl groups. After solution deposition on a surface, distinct fiber formation is observed for the HBC derivatives, which is related to the solution self-assembly behavior. The present work provides further insight into the molecular design and self-assembly of discotic nanographene materials.
Dapagliflozin Effects on Biomarkers, Symptoms, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (2019)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02653482.
Multiscale image segmentation with a dynamic label tree (1998)

Automatic information extraction from satellite images is the base of remote sensing image archives with content-based query services. Pyramidal image models based on multiscale Markov random fields in combination with a texture model proved to yield good classification and segmentation results. The texture model is used for initial soft classification and then the optimal segmentation given the classification is found using a hierarchical process. Segment probabilities are calculated in a fine-to-rough analysis and segmentation is performed by a rough-to-fine decision algorithm. Previously proposed models optimise the strength of the dependencies in a fixed hierarchical structure. In the authors' model they allow the dependencies to switch, so that the hierarchical structure itself is optimised. Their model is exactly tractable, achieves very smooth segmentations, even at coarse scale, and can be fast computed.
Semiconductor Joining by the Solid-Liquid-Interdiffusion (SLID) Process (1966)

The acronym SLID is used to describe a process whereby high‐temperature phases are formed by diffusion in the presence of liquid. A technique is discussed which utilizes these phenomena in producing high‐temperature‐stable bonds which have been fabricated at low temperatures. The binary systems Ag‐In, Au‐In, Cu‐In among others exhibit these characteristics. Photomicrographs and electron probe microanalysis data are presented to identify and describe the phases formed in these bonds. Some applications for the use of this joining technique are suggested in addition to the feasibility of extending this method to the use of ternary and higher order alloy SLID systems.
Increasing Blatticidal Efficacy with Aggregation Pheromone (1977)

Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were tested for repellency and efficacy against German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). Repellency of each material was determined by using a relative avoidance index (RAI) and was directly proportional to concentration. Avoidance to each toxicant decreased significantly and mortality increased in choice tests when an extract of aggregation pheromone (AP) was added. Chlorpyrifos (0.25% + AP) and diazinon (0.5% + AP) produced significantly higher mortality than any toxicant alone. In field control tests in apartments infested with German cockroaches, chlorpyrifos (0.5%) and Knox-Out® (1.0%) produced over 90% reductions within 4 wk, but diazinon (0.5%) and flowable microencapsulated diazinon (Knox-Out® 2 FM) (0.5%) failed to produce significant control within 2 wk after treatment; chlorpyrifos (0.25%) produced only partial control. However, similar concentrations of each material + AP produced 78.4, 82.0, and 90.7% reductions at 2 wk, respectively.
Trend &amp; prospects of haptic technology in mobile devices (2010)

Through researches defining tactile feeling on touched surfaces, researchers have begun to examine how to design effective tactile actuators and displays. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art in tactile actuators and modules for mobile device applications. This paper focuses on tactile actuators such as solenoid actuators, piezo-actuators, electroactive polymers, ultrasonic actuators and MR fluids. The characteristics of actuators are presented and compared. Various tactile modules using the actuators are examined. In addition, the ultimate goal of haptics is discussed.
The Social Responsibility of the Scientific Community (1979)

In his reply to President Scheel's speech to the Fraunhofer Society (above pp. 2–5) the author – a Member of our Editorial Board – disagrees with a number of his statements. Most important is his formulation of the crucial agreement that knowledge must be applied only to such an extent that the general welfare remain unharmed.
Fab forensics: Increasing trust in IC fabrication (2010)

Fabrication and design are now performed by different companies as semiconductor fabrication facilities (fabs or foundries) seek to reduce costs by serving multiple clients and consolidating resources. However, lack of immediate control and observation reduces the trust which IC designers have in some fabs. To help fabs increase trust in their processes, we propose an approach for logging forensic information of the fab process and printing the information on chips so that examination of the chip reveals provable deviations from the design. Fab owners can benefit by catching rogue employees and by demonstrating high security standards to their customers. Our proposed solution uses a light runtime system that interacts with a trusted platform module (TPM).
Recombinant prokaryotic lectins : enhanced tools for glycoprotein analysis and purification (2012)

More than 50% of proteins are glycosylated and glycans are known to mediate a wide range of biological processes. With this knowledge, there has been an explosion of interest in the field of glycoproteomics. There is a need for tools that enable efficient isolation of glycoproteins from biological samples, where they are usually only present at low levels, to enable their identification and analysis. Changes in glycosylation ptterns of biomolecules and cells are also associated with many diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Tools capable of sensitive detection of such changes would have significant potential in the field of diagnosics. In addition, many biopharmaceuticals are glycosylated and the glycosylation impacts their clinical properties. The industry needs tools for sensitive product analysis and selective purification of op/mally glycosylated product to meet regulatory requirements and to bring safer, more effective ,products to patents.\nRecombinant Prokaryotic Lectins (RPL’s) offer new opportunities to develop enhanced glycoselective tools for glycoprotein analysis and purification and to overcome the limitations that have restricted the applications of plant lectins.
Effect of Antiretroviral Agents on T-Lymphocyte Subset Counts in Healthy HIV-Negative Individuals (2000)

To study the effect of antiretroviral agents on T-lymphocyte counts in HIV-negative individuals, total counts and CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts were measured in health care workers (HCW) who had been occupationally exposed to HIV who were untreated (164 HCW, group A), or had received antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP included zidovudine (150 HCW, group B), zidovudine plus lamivudine (48 HCW, group C), or zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir (85 HCW, group D), at standard dosage for a mean of 30, 27, and 27 days of treatment, respectively. Lymphocyte values were collected after a mean of 44 days following exposure in group A, 48 days in group B, and 30 days both in groups C and D. Student's t-, nonparametric Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. A slight increase in mean CD4 (range, 4.8%-6. 7%) and CD8 (range, 1.4%-9.3%) cells/mm3 was observed in each group. Gender, PEP duration, side effects, and follow-up time did not correlate with responses. Data did not vary using CD4 and CD8 percentages. These findings seem to reject any direct effects of antiretroviral agents, independent of retroviral inhibition, on proliferation and redistribution of T lymphocytes, as well as the hypothesized braking of lymphocyte apoptosis. The observed variations could reflect biologic variability.
Tablets with thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L) extracts (2002)

The strongly antiseptic and antifungal activities of thyme is mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol. Thyme extracts essential oil, extract obtained using 70% ethanol and extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide, were incorporated in the most useful form of pharmaceutical products - tablets. The work is concerned with the characterisation of the obtained tablets containing thyme extracts.
Context Fusion: Dealing with Sensor Reliability (2007)

Context-aware applications sense, combine and reason about contextual information in order to determine and adapt to the current user's context. A very important problem associated with context is the inherent ambiguity and inaccuracy. Contextual information is typically pervaded with imperfect sensing (e.g., noise of sensor readings). A novel context fusion model that represents, determines and reasons about context based on the reliability on sensor readings is proposed. This model adopts dynamic Bayesian networks and fuzzy-set theory in order to deal with the reliability of contextual data at the context inference phase.
Separation and Purification by Crystallization (1997)

Simulations of the crystal morphology of aspirin (C9H8O4 ) have been made based upon geometrical and lattice energy models. Studies of the crystal chemistry have allowed the morphological importance to be ranked, based upon hydrogen bonding, surface charge and steric effects. The effect of morphology on particle performance is cursorily reviewed. A comparison between the predictions and growth morphologies has been made and an outline of current molecular modeling studies aimed at understanding the crystal habit-solvent dependence is given.
Engineering better vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease. (2003)

Although efficacious and safe, current vaccines for FMD suffer from drawbacks. Among these are that the immune response to the vaccine interferes with the ability to detect vaccinated animals that have subsequently become infected and could carry and shed the virus, creating an obstacle to re-instating disease-free status to countries/regions that vaccinate to control outbreaks. Multiple diagnostic tests are available to identify animals that have been infected with FMDV by detection of antibodies to viral non-structural proteins (NSP) that are present in low concentration in traditional vaccines and are poorly immunogenic in vaccine preparations. However, these tests are not 100% reliable. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a new generation of vaccines that express the "empty capsid" subunit of the virus, in the absence of one of the most immunogenic NSPs, 3Dpol. Here we describe delivery of the empty capsid subunits by recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5). These Ad5-vectored empty capsid vaccines can protect pigs from FMDV challenge as early as 7 days post-vaccination. A second problem with current FMD vaccines is that they do not induce protective immunity quickly, a drawback that is likely to be shared by our Ad5-vectored empty capsid vaccine. To overcome this problem, we have developed a prophylactic antiviral treatment consisting of an Ad5 encoding porcine interferon alpha (pIFNalpha). Administration of Ad5-pIFNalpha protects swine from FMD as early as one day post-administration. The combination of this antiviral treatment and the empty capsid subunit vaccine should induce rapid and complete protection from FMD, and could overcome current diagnostic problems.
An analog EPR4 Viterbi detector in read channel IC for magnetic hard disks (2002)

This EPR4 detector uses a series of read channel ICs that implements all of the essential core function in analog, sampled-data domain. These read channel ICs are similar to the previously reported PR4 Channel in which both the timing recovery and the equalizer are implemented identically. Notable differences/additions include: An (1+D) filter to shape the PR4 response to EPR4 signaling; EPR4 metric calculator; a 16/17 encoder-decoder with (0,6/8) constraints to improve coding efficiency and to minimize error propagation. The entire Viterbi processor is clocked at half the code clock.
RECQL1 and WRN DNA repair helicases: potential therapeutic targets and proliferative markers against cancers (2015)

RECQL1 and WRN helicases in the human RecQ helicase family participate in maintaining genome stability, DNA repair, replication, and recombination pathways in the cell cycle. They are expressed highly in rapidly proliferating cells and tumor cells, suggesting that they have important roles in the replication of a genome. Although mice deficient in these helicases are indistinguishable from wild-type mice, their embryonic fibroblasts are sensitive to DNA damage. In tumor cells, silencing the expression of RECQL1 or WRN helicase by RNA interference induces mitotic catastrophe that eventually kills tumor cells at the mitosis stage of the cell cycle. By contrast, the same gene silencing by cognate small RNA (siRNA) never kills normal cells, although cell growth is slightly delayed. These findings indicate that RECQL1 and WRN helicases are ideal molecular targets for cancer therapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying these events has been studied extensively, which may help development of anticancer drugs free from adverse effects by targeting DNA repair helicases RECQL1 and WRN. As expected, the anticancer activity of conventional genotoxic drugs is significantly augmented by combined treatment with RECQL1- or WRN-siRNAs that prevents DNA repair in cancer cells. In this review, we focus on studies that clarified the mechanisms that lead to the specific killing of cancer cells and introduce efforts to develop anticancer RecQ-siRNA drugs free from adverse effects.
Boron Trifluoride-Assisted Ziegler–Zeiser Reaction of Perfluoroalkyllithiums, An Efficient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Heterocycles (1988)

Abstract Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinaldine, phthalazine, and quinoxaline are all found to react smoothly with perfluoroalkyllithiums in the presence of BF3·OEt2, giving the corresponding perfluoroalkyl addition and/or substitution products in good yields. Perfluoroalkylation occurs at the carbon atom next to the nitrogen.
De la classification des partis politiques (1985)

This article is concerned with the epistemological and methodological problems related to the taxonomy of political parties whett based on noorganizational criteria.The study of parties represents a starting point for modern Political Science : i.e. the seminal researches of Bryce, Ostrogorski and Michels. However this important field of knowledge hasn't known that much progress since the classical Duverger's Political Parties. Why?Two kind of approaches are used in order to classify parties: individualistic versus holistic. «Individualistic classifications» often suffer from a lack of theoretical background. Same of them use a spurious criterium like party names : i.e. Radical means extreme-left in the USA and conservatism in Switzerland, secularist activism in Italy and evangelical left in the Netherlands etc.Some classifications are based on political platforms which is a meaningless criterium: «A general election campaign is about a choice between organizations, not ideas.» (Richard Rose) The third criterium is far better: policies really implemented by political parties. However when properly used it gives a typology of countries, not parties.«Holistic classifications» either functionnalist or marxist opposed each other : the first stressed on equilibrium, the latter on class warfare. One suggests Rokkan's four cleavages paradigm to classify parties : each side of a cleavage should correspond to a definite «Political Family».Which items to use in order to assess a party to a permanent cleavage line ? ( 1) The historical function performed by the party at its creation. (2a) The sociological structure of the party's : electorate, membership and inner group; (2b) The linkage structure between the party and a given network of pressure groups, movements and associations.
Exploiting Social Tags in Matrix Factorization Models for Cross-domain Collaborative Filtering (2014)

Cross-domain recommender systems aim to generate or enhance personalized recommendations in a target domain by exploiting knowledge (mainly user preferences) from other source domains. Due to the heterogeneity of item characteristics across domains, content-based recommendation methods are difficult to apply, and collaborative filtering has become the most popular approach to cross-domain recommendation. Nonetheless, recent work has shown that the accuracy of cross-domain collaborative filtering based on matrix factorization can be improved by means of content information; in particular, social tags shared between domains. In this paper, we review state of the art approaches in this direction, and present an alternative recommendation model based on a novel extension of the SVD++ algorithm. Our approach introduces a new set of latent variables, and enriches both user and item profiles with independent sets of tag factors, better capturing the effects of tags on ratings. Evaluating the proposed model in the movies and books domains, we show that it can generate more accurate recommendations than existing approaches, even in cold-start situations.
Reduction of AC resistance in MEMS intraocular foil coils using microfabricated planar Litz structure (2012)

The next-generation implantable high-power prosthetic devices, such as retinal prostheses, will be powered by inductively coupled coils of high efficiency. However, the use of high-frequency power carriers almost always induces significant AC resistance due to skin and proximity effects, which limits the overall coupling efficiency. Inspired by the widely used round Litz wire, planar coils with planar Litz structures were investigated on the printed circuit board (PCB) and showed the reduced AC resistances in some specific frequency ranges. Herein, various planar Litz structures were introduced into previous MEMS foil coils, which have been proved to be superior over the conventional planar counterparts. The experimental results provided by the aforementioned prototypes showed a reduction of AC resistance up to 13.3% compared to a solid foil coil. A microfabrication process, which combines a single layer metal deposition and patterning with a post folding step, was developed to construct the planar Litz structure.
Phonetically sensitive discriminants for improved speech recognition (2003)

A phonetically sensitive transformation of speech features has yielded significant improvement in speech-recognition performance. This (linear) transformation of the speech feature vector is designed to discriminate against out-of-class confusion data and is a function of phonetic state. Evaluation of the technique on the TI/NBS connected digit database demonstrates word (sentence) error rates of 0.5% (1.5%) for unknown-length strings and 0.2% (0.6%) for known-length strings. These error rates are two to three times lower than the best previously reported results and suggest that significant improvements in speech-recognition system performance can be achieved by better acoustic-phonetic modeling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>