gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the primate area of high acuity. 2. Quantitative morphological changes associated with retinal and pars plana growth (2004)

Mechanisms underlying the development of the primate area of high acuity (AHA) remain poorly understood. Finite-element models have identified retinal stretch and intraocular pressure (IOP) as possible mechanical forces that can form a pit (Springer & Hendrickson, 2004). A series of Macaca nemestrina monkey retinas between 68 days postconception (dpc) and adult were used to quantify growth and morphological changes. Retinal and pars plana length, optic disc diameter, disc-pit distance, and inner and outer retinal laminar thickness were measured over development to identify when and where IOP or stretch might operate. Horizontal optic disc diameter increased 500 mum between 115 dpc and 2 months after birth when it reached adult diameter. Disc growth mainly influences the immediate surrounding retina, presumably displacing retinal tissue centrifugally. Pars plana elongation also began at 115 dpc and continued steadily to 3-4 years postnatal, so its influence would be relatively constant over retinal development. Unexpectedly, horizontal retinal length showed nonlinear growth, divided into distinct phases. Retinal length increased rapidly until 115 dpc and then remained unchanged (quiescent phase) between 115-180 dpc. After birth, the retina grew rapidly for 3 months and then very slowly into adulthood. The onset of pit development overlapped the late fetal quiescent phase, suggesting that the major mechanical factor initiating pit formation is IOP, not retinal growth-induced stretch. Developmental changes in the thickness of retinal layers were different for inner and outer retina at many, but not all, of the ten eccentricities examined.
Integrity Monitoring for Precision Approach Using Kinematic GPS and a Ground-Based Pseudolite (1994)

Although DGPS is inherently robust to space-vehicle-related ranging errors, failures in the differential station or airborne receiver can be a threat to continuous precise positioning. The stringent required navigation performance (RNP) for Category III precision landing, therefore, establishes the need for an active integrity verification system. Carrier tracking of ground-based pseudolites can provide comprehensive integrity. The large geometry change that occurs during overflight of a ground-based pseudolite and the great precision of carrier-phase measurements can provide the leverage for effective autonomous integrity monitoring. The measurement residual statistic can be used to detect a wide range of conceivable fault scenarios occurring during the pseudolite overflight, including cycle slips, intentional tampering, and airborne database errors. The potential for autonomous integrity verification for Category III approach is demonstrated through analysis, simulation, and flight tests performed in a single-engine aircraft.
Adsorption of mercury vapor on particles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of mercury vapor on particlesYoshio. Otani, Chikao. Kanaoka, Chiyoki. Usui, Saburo. Matsui, and Hitoshi. EmiCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 7, 735–738Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00149a014https://doi.org/10.1021/es00149a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methodological obstacles in knocking down small noncoding RNAs (2009)

In the recent past, several thousand noncoding RNA (ncRNA) genes have been predicted within eukaryal genomes. However, for their functional analysis only a few high-throughput methods are currently available to knock down selected ncRNA species, such as microRNAs, which are targeted by antisense probes, termed antagomirs. We thus compared the efficiencies of four knockdown strategies, previously mainly employed for the analysis of protein-coding genes, to study the function of ncRNAs, in particular, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Thereby, the class of snoRNAs represents one of the most abundant ncRNA species. The majority of snoRNAs has been shown to mediate nucleotide modifications by targeting ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) through complementary antisense elements. However, some snoRNAs, termed "orphan snoRNAs," lack telltale complementarities to rRNAs and thus their function remains elusive. We therefore applied RNA interference (RNAi), locked nucleic acid (LNA), or peptide nucleic acid antisense approaches, as well as a ribozyme-based strategy to knock down a snoRNA. As a proof of principle, we targeted the canonical U81 snoRNA, which has been shown to mediate modification of nucleotide A(391) within eukaryal 28S rRNA. Our results demonstrate that while RNAi is an unsuitable tool for snoRNA knockdown, a ribozyme-based strategy, as well as an LNA-antisense oligonucleotide approach, resulted in a decrease of U81 snoRNA expression levels up to 60%. However, no concomitant decrease in enzymatic activity of U81 snoRNA was observed, indicating that improvement of more efficient knockdown techniques for ncRNAs will be required in the future.
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57kip2 is a negative regulator of Schwann cell differentiation and <i>in vitro</i> myelination (2008)

The p57kip2 gene encodes a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family, proteins known to block G(1)/S transition during the mammalian cell cycle. We observed that expression of p57kip2 in Schwann cells of the developing and injured adult peripheral nervous system is dynamically regulated. Using gene knockdown by means of vector-based RNA interference in cultured primary Schwann cells we found that reduced levels of p57kip2 lead to cell cycle exit, actin filament stabilization, altered cell morphology and growth, and down-regulation of promyelinating markers as well as induction of myelin genes and proteins. In addition, we could demonstrate that in vitro myelination is enhanced by p57kip2-suppressed Schwann cells. Using microarray technology we found that these cellular reactions are specific to lowered p57kip2 expression levels and detected a shift of the transcriptional expression program toward the pattern known from Schwann cells in developing peripheral nerves. Because in the absence of axons primary Schwann cells normally do not display differentiation-associated reactions, we conclude that we have identified a mechanism and an important intrinsic negative regulator of myelinating glia differentiation.
The RDFa Content Editor - From WYSIWYG to WYSIWYM (2012)

Recently practical approaches for managing and supporting the life-cycle of semantic content on the Web of Data made quite some progress. However, the currently least developed aspect of the semantic content life-cycle is the user-friendly manual and semi-automatic creation of rich semantic content. In this paper we present the RDFaCE approach for combining WYSIWYG text authoring with the creation of rich semantic annotations. Our approach is based on providing four different views to the content authors: a classical WYSIWYG view, a WYSIWYM (What You See Is What You Mean) view making the semantic annotations visible, a fact view and the respective HTML/RDFa source code view. The views are synchronized such that changes made in one of the views automatically update the others. They provide different means of semantic content authoring for the different personas involved in the content creation life-cycle. For bootstrapping the semantic annotation process we integrate five different text annotation services. We evaluate their accuracy and empirically show that a combination of them yields superior results.
Four L.A. Museums Targeted for Loot. (2008)

The article reports an investigation into museums in Los Angeles, California that allegedly contain art illegally looted from countries such as China, Thailand and Myanmar. The owners of the Silk Roads Gallery, Jonathan and Cari Markell, were also investigated for allegedly purchasing objects from alleged art smuggler Robert Olson. Michael Goven, director of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), states his museum has followed importation laws.
Recent advances in the medical and surgical treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (2006)

Newer drugs and defined indications for surgery should provide improved cure rates, with reduced duration of treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
Potentiometric Titration of +4 and +6 Selenium and Tellurium with Chromous Ion (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric Titration of +4 and +6 Selenium and Tellurium with Chromous IonJames J. Lingane and Leonard NiedrachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 1997–2000Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoparticulate Functional Materials (2010)

Nanoparticulate functional materials offer manifold perspectives for the increasing miniaturization and complexity of technical developments. Nanoparticles also make a major contribution to utilization of materials that is sparing of natural resources. Besides these obvious aspects, however, the importance of nanoparticles is due to their fundamentally novel properties and functions. These include photonic crystals and efficient luminophors, single particles and thin films for electronic storage media and switching elements, magnetic fluids and highly selective catalysts, a wide variety of possibilities for surface treatments, novel materials and concepts for energy conversion and storage, contrast agents for molecular biology and medical diagnosis, and fundamentally novel forms and structures of materials, such as nanocontainers and supercrystals. Creating high-quality nanoparticles requires that numerous parameters, involving the particle core and surface, colloidal properties, and particle deposition, are taken into consideration during synthesis of the material. An appropriate characterization and evaluation of the properties requires the incorporation of a wide range of expertise from widely differing areas. These circumstances are what challenges and appeals to the nanoscientist.
XML by Example (1999)

Introduction. The by Example Series. Who Should Use This Book. This Book's Organization. Conventions Used in This Book. 1. The XML Galaxy. Introduction. Where This Book Fits. A First Look at XML. A First Look on Document Structure. Markup Language History. Application of XML. Companion Standards. XML Software. 2. XML Syntax. A First Look at the XML Syntax. Advanced Topics. Frequently Asked Questions About XML. Four Common Errors. Two Applications of XML. XML Editors. 3. XML Namespaces. The Problem Namespaces Solves. Namespaces. URIs. Scoping. Digital Signature: An Example of Namespaces. 4. XML Models. DTDs and XML Schemas. The DTD Syntax. Relationship Between the DTD and the Document. Advanced DTD Concepts. The Schema Syntax. Namespaces and Other Advanced Schema Concepts. Modeling XML Documents. Modeling Documents from an Object Model. Modeling from Scratch. A Tool to Help. 5. XSL Transformations. Why Styling? XSL. Basic XSLT. Supporting Different Markup Languages. When and Where to Use Style Sheets. Advanced XSLT. 6. XSL Formatting Objects and Cascading Style Sheets. Rendering XML Without HTML. The Basics of CSS and FO. Simple CSS. Simple FO. Flow Objects and Areas. Property Values. Box Properties. Text and Font Properties. Some Advanced Features. When Should You Use Which. 7. The Parser and DOM. What Is a Parser? The Parser and the Application. Document Object Model. Getting Started with DOM. Managing the State. Common Errors and How to Solve Them. DOM and Java. DOM in Applications. 8. Alternative API: SAX. Why Another API? SAX: The Power API. Commonly Used SAX Interfaces and Classes. Maintaining the State. Flexibility. 9. Writing XML. The Parser Mirror. Modifying a Document with DOM. Exploring Netscape Support for DOM. DOM Methods to Create and Modify Documents. Creating a New Document with DOM. Using DOM to Create Documents. Creating Documents Without DOM. Doing Something with the XML Documents. Writing with Flexibility in Mind. 10. Important XML Models. Structured and Extensible. XLink. XHTML. e-Commerce, XML/EDI, and ebXML. The Right Level of Abstraction. Attributes Versus Elements. 11. N-Tiered Architecture and XML. What Is an N-Tiered Application? The XCommerce Application. How XML Helps. Programming SOAP. XCommerce Architecture. Server-Side Programming Language. 12. Putting It All Together: An e-Commerce Example. Building XCommerce. First Tier: The Database. Second Tier: The SOAP Service. Third Tier: The Presentation Servlet. Utility Class: Comparing Strings. Appendix A. Crash Course on Java. Java in Perspective. Downloading Java Tools. Your First Java Application. Servlets. Your First Servlet. More Java Language Concepts. Appendix B. DTD and XML Schema Simple Types. Simple Types Supported by DTD. Simple Types Supported by XML Schema. Index.
Kerr effect of ordered and disordered Fe/sub 1-x/Pt/sub x/[001] alloy films (2001)

The [001) oriented Fe/sub 1-x/Pt/sub x/ alloy films have been grown on Pt seeding layers on MgO[001] substrates by MBE. At growth temperature of 500/spl deg/C, rather ordered structures were formed for FePt, FePt/sub 2/, and FePt/sub 3/ films, which exhibit large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Kerr rotations. In contrast, Fe/sub 2/Pt and Fe/sub 3/Pt films were poorly ordered and did not display perpendicular magnetization for similar growth conditions. The optimal growth temperature of the FePt (x=0.5) alloys occurs at about 500/spl deg/C, and the surface order-disorder transition occurs above 650/spl deg/C. We demonstrate that chemical ordering is important for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Kerr effects for Fe/sub 1-x/Pt/sub x/ alloy films, which in turn depend strongly on the alloy composition and growth temperature.
Evidence that the bulge region is a site of relative immune privilege in human hair follicles (2008)

These data suggest that the bulge of human anagen HFs represents a hitherto unrecognized site of relative IP in human skin. Simultaneously, we present the first evidence of IDO and HLA-E protein expression in normal human HFs. Bulge IP presumably protects the HF epithelial stem cell reservoir from autoaggressive immune attack whereas a loss of bulge IP may play a central role in the pathogenesis of cicatricial alopecias.
On the ability to inhibit thought and action: A theory of an act of control. (1984)

Many situations require people to stop or change their current thoughts and actions. We present a theory of the inhibition of thought and action to account for people's performance in such situations. The theory proposes that a control signal, such as an external stop signal or an error during performance, starts a stopping process that races against the processes underlying ongoing thought and action. If the stopping process wins, thought and action are inhibited; if the ongoing process wins, thought and action run on to completion. We develop the theory formally to account for many aspects of performance in situations with explicit stop signals, and we apply it to several sets of data. We discuss the relation between response inhibition and other acts of control in motor performance and in cognition, and we consider how our theory relates to current thinking about attentional control and automaticity.
Inter- and Intraobserver Variability of CT Measurements Obtained After Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2000)

Determination of the repeatability coefficient of aneurysm size measurements obtained after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair provides a good description of precision.
Diabetes-Specific Nutrition Algorithm: A Transcultural Program to Optimize Diabetes and Prediabetes Care (2012)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes have a major global impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities. To mitigate this disease burden, interventions of proven effectiveness must be used. Evidence shows that nutrition therapy improves glycemic control and reduces the risks of diabetes and its complications. Accordingly, diabetes-specific nutrition therapy should be incorporated into comprehensive patient management programs. Evidence-based recommendations for healthy lifestyles that include healthy eating can be found in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) from professional medical organizations. To enable broad implementation of these guidelines, recommendations must be reconstructed to account for cultural differences in lifestyle, food availability, and genetic factors. To begin, published CPGs and relevant medical literature were reviewed and evidence ratings applied according to established protocols for guidelines. From this information, an algorithm for the nutritional management of people with T2D and prediabetes was created. Subsequently, algorithm nodes were populated with transcultural attributes to guide decisions. The resultant transcultural diabetes-specific nutrition algorithm (tDNA) was simplified and optimized for global implementation and validation according to current standards for CPG development and cultural adaptation. Thus, the tDNA is a tool to facilitate the delivery of nutrition therapy to patients with T2D and prediabetes in a variety of cultures and geographic locations. It is anticipated that this novel approach can reduce the burden of diabetes, improve quality of life, and save lives. The specific Southeast Asian and Asian Indian tDNA versions can be found in companion articles in this issue of Current Diabetes Reports.
Amorphous Silicon Single-Junction and "Micromorph" Tandem Solar Cells Prepared in UNAXIS KAI PECVD Single-Chamber Reactors (2005)

Note: IMT-NE Number: 414 Reference PV-LAB-CONF-2005-009 Record created on 2009-02-10, modified on 2017-05-10
Pressure fluctuations as a diagnostic tool for fluidized beds (1996)

The goal of this research is to determine how spectral analysis of pressure fluctuations can be used as a diagnostic and design tool for both bubbling fluidized beds (BFB) and circulating fluidized beds (CFB). Static pressure fluctuations are measured from two BFB models, two CFB models, and two Pyropower CFB boilers located at the ISU power plant/cogeneration facility. Analyzing the fluctuations using spectral analysis shows that the structure of pressure fluctuations is governed by multiple phenomena. Similarities and differences between the nature of fluctuations in bubbling, turbulent, and fast fluidization regimes are discussed. The Bode plots of pressure fluctuations under bubbling/turbulent fluidization exhibit the characteristics of an oscillatory second order system. This system is governed by a combination of voidage oscillations and surface eruptions. A theoretical model is developed to predict the frequency of oscillation in fluidized systems, and to explain the second order behavior. A comparison of pressure fluctuation behavior in two geometrically similar BFBs is conducted, which validates previously derived fluidized bed similitude parameters under most operating conditions. Multiple second order phenomena acting concurrently also govern CFB pressure fluctuations. Phenomena similar to that proposed for BFBs governs pressure fluctuations in the lower dense regions of the CFB. A siuface wave phenomena is hypothesized to govem CFB fluctuations above the lower dense bed. Similar pressure dynamics and axial voidage profiles are not observed when currently proposed similitude parameters are matched m two CFBs. By replacing the dimensionless soUds flux with a dimensionless riser loading parameter, this modified set of similitude parameters can be used to establish similar hydrodynamics in CFBs . Primarily due to the periodic operation of the coal feed system in the industrial scale CFB Boiler, pressure fluctuation analysis did not result in any definitive hydrodynamic information.
Diamond and diamond-like carbon MEMS (2007)

Diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films possess a number of unique and attractive material properties that are unattainable from Si and other materials. These include high values of Young's modulus, hardness, tensile strength and high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient combined with low coefficients of friction and good wear resistance. As a consequence, they are finding increasing applications in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). This paper reviews these distinctive material properties from an engineering design point of view and highlights the applications of diamond and DLC materials in various MEMS devices. Applications of diamond and DLC films in MEMS are in two categories: surface coatings and structural materials. Thin diamond and DLC layers have been used as coatings mainly to improve the wear and friction of micro-components and to reduce stiction between microstructures and their substrates. The high values of the elastic modulus of diamond and DLC have been exploited in the design of high frequency resonators and comb-drives for communication and sensing applications. Chemically modified surfaces and structures of diamond and DLC films have both been utilized as sensor materials for sensing traces of gases, to detect bio-molecules for biological research and disease diagnosis.