gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly of monolayer graphene oxide for rapid detection of Escherichia coli bacteria (2013)

Due to potential risks to the environment and human health arising from pathogens/chemical contaminants, novel devices are being developed for rapid and precise detection of those contaminants. Here, we demonstrate highly sensitive and selective field-effect transistor (FET) sensor devices for detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria using thermally reduced monolayer graphene oxide (TRMGO) sheets as semiconducting channels. The graphene oxide (GO) sheets are assembled on the aminoethanethiol (AET)-functionalized gold (Au) electrodes through electrostatic interactions with ultrasonic assistance. Anti-Escherichia coli (anti-E. coli) antibodies are used as receptors for selective detection of E. coli cells and integrated on the FET device through covalent bonding with Au nanoparticles on the GO surface. The TRMGO FET device shows great electronic stability and high sensitivity to E. coli cells with a concentration as low as 10 colony-forming units (cfu) per mL. The biosensing platform reported here is promising for large-scale, sensitive, selective, low-cost, and real-time detection of E. coli bacteria.
Thin polymer films on chemically patterned, corrugated substrates (2005)

We study the effect of a chemical pattern on the wetting and dewetting behaviour of thin polystyrene (PS) films on regularly corrugated silicon substrates. Our results reveal that the film preparation, annealing method, and confinement play a critical role in the final film structure. On evaporating gold on both sides of the facets (such that it covered the crests of the facets, and not the troughs), we observed dewetting, which proceeded to the gold, demonstrating an enthalpic effect contrary to the outcome previously observed when gold was only evaporated on one side of the facet. We also coated the substrate with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS); this led to a gold and OTS striped structure. PS films several nanometres thick dewet such substrates, with a preferential direction for dewetting in the direction of the stripes forming droplets of a considerably larger size than the stripes.
Health properties of resistant starch (2005)

Summary Resistant starch (RS) refers to the portion of starch and starch products that resist digestion as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. RS is an extremely broad and diverse range of materials and a number of different types exist (RS1–4). At present, these are mostly defined according to physical and chemical characteristics. RS may be categorised as a type of dietary fibre, as defined by the American Association of Cereal Chemists and the Food Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. RS is measured in part by the methodology recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists for measuring dietary fibre. Dietary intakes of RS in westernised countries are likely to be low. However, accurate comparative assessments of dietary intakes between countries, and subsequent epidemiological analysis, are absent due to the lack of consensus over of an agreed, repeatable and simple in vitro method for analysing the RS content of foods. At present, the recognised method is that of McCleary & Monaghan (2002) . RS appears to confer considerable benefits to human colonic health, but has a smaller impact on lipid and glucose metabolism. Comparisons between studies are hampered by differences in study design, poor experimental design and differences in the source, type and dose of RS in the ingredients or diets used. It is likely that RS mediates some or all of its effects through the action of short chain fatty acids but interest is increasing regarding its prebiotic potential. There is also increasing interest in using RS to lower the energy value and available carbohydrate content of foods. RS can also be used to enhance the fibre content of foods and is under investigation regarding its potential to accelerate the onset of satiation and to lower the glycaemic response. Due to the difficulties in agreeing on a universal definition and method of analysis for dietary fibre, RS may be included within the term ‘fibre’ on the nutrition labels in some countries but not in others. Pressure to agree a legal definition and universal method of analysis is likely to increase due to the potential of RS to enhance colonic health, and to act as a vehicle to increase the total dietary fibre content of foodstuffs, particularly those which are low in energy and/or in total carbohydrate content.
Graft‐transmissible movement of inverted‐repeat‐induced si<scp>RNA</scp> signals into flowers (2014)

In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNAs move to distant tissues where they control numerous developmental and physiological processes such as morphogenesis and stress responses. Grafting techniques and transient expression systems have been employed to show that sequence-specific siRNAs with a size of 21-24 nucleotides traffic to distant organs. We used inverted-repeat constructs producing siRNA targeting the meiosis factor DISRUPTED MEIOTIC cDNA 1 (DMC1) and GFP to test whether silencing signals move into meiotically active tissues. In grafted Nicotiana tabacum, a transgenic DMC1 siRNA signal made in source tissues preferably entered the anthers formed in the first flowers. Here, the DMC1 siRNA interfered with meiotic progression and, consequently, the flowers were at least partially sterile. In agro-infiltrated N. benthamiana plants, a GFP siRNA signal produced in leaves was allocated and active in most flower tissues including anthers. In hypocotyl-grafted Arabidopsis thaliana plants, the DMC1 silencing signal consistently appeared in leaves, petioles, and stem, and only a small number of plants displayed DMC1 siRNA signals in flowers. In all three tested plant species the systemic silencing signal penetrated male sporogenic tissues suggesting that plants harbour an endogenous long-distance small RNA transport pathway facilitating siRNA signalling into meiotically active cells.
Somatostatin analogs as adjuncts to agonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the treatment of experimental prostate cancer. (1987)

The combination of a long-acting delivery system for the agonist [D-Trp6]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ([D-Trp6]LH-RH) with modern somatostatin analogs was studied in the Dunning R-3327H rat prostate cancer model. Microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH releasing 25 micrograms/day were injected once a month. In the first experiment the adjunct was the somatostatin analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-121), administered at a dose of 2.5 micrograms twice a day, and the therapy was continued for 70 days. Tumor volume was significantly decreased by [D-Trp6]LH-RH microcapsules or RC-121 given alone. The combination of microcapsules and analog RC-121 caused a greater inhibition of tumor growth than the single agents. Similar effects were seen when the percent increase in the tumor volume was examined. The inhibition of tumor growth caused by the [D-Trp6]LH-RH microcapsules was greater than that caused by RC-121. The combination of the two agents was again the most effective, resulting in the smallest increase in tumor volume. Tumor weights were much lower in the groups treated with microcapsules or RC-121 alone than in controls. The lowest tumor weights were obtained in the group that received the combination of [D-Trp6]LH-RH microcapsules and RC-121. Similar results were obtained in the second experiment, in which the animals were treated for a period of 83 days with microcapsules containing the somatostatin analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Trp-NH2 (RC-160) that released 5 micrograms/day and were injected twice a month alone or in combination with microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH. Microcapsules of analog RC-160 given alone significantly decreased tumor growth as measured by the final tumor volume, the percentage change from the initial tumor volume, and the reduction in tumor weight. The inhibition of tumor growth induced by [D-Trp6]LH-RH microcapsules was greater than that caused by RC-160. The most striking decrease in tumor weight and volume was obtained in animals treated with microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH combined with the delayed delivery system for RC-160. The overall response to the combination therapy could reflect the inhibition by somatostatin analogs of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells through a decrease in growth hormone and prolactin release and interference with endogenous growth factors, in addition to the main effect, which is the suppression by [D-Trp6]LH-RH of the growth of androgen-dependent tumor cells. Our results indicate that somatostatin analogs enhance the inhibitory effects of [D-Trp6]LH-RH on the growth of prostate tumors. The administration of somatostatin analogs in combination with microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH might improve clinical response in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma.
The Heterogeneity Problem and Middleware Technology: Experiences with and Performance of Database Gateways (1998)

In this paper, we present the results that we have obtained by comparing and testing three well-known database middleware solutions. We have analyzed their features related to global catalog and location transparency, transaction management, DML and DDL operations, SQL-dialects mask, referential integrity, security, scalability, supported data sources and platforms, query optimization, and performance. In particular, we have adapted and implemented the AS3AP benchmark to exhaustively evaluate the performance of the products.
Voltage controlled, reactive planar magnetron sputtering of AlN thin films (1982)

Three operating modes for planar magnetron sputtering are investigated for the purpose of controlling the stoichiometry of AlNx (0?x?1) films: (1) controlled gas flow rates at constant power, (2) controlled power at constant flow rates, and (3) controlled cathode voltage at constant flow rates. Whereas modes (1) and (2) are found to exhibit runaway transitions associated with target coverage, mode (3) is shown to provide a means for stable operation for any degree of target coverage (0?x?1).
Two-dimensional steady-state oscillation problems of anisotropic elasticity (1996)

The paper deals with the two-dimensional exterior bound- ary value problems of the steady-state oscillation theory for anisotro- pic elastic bodies. By means of the limiting absorption principle the fundamental matrix of the oscillation equations is constructed and the generalized radiation conditions of Sommerfeld-Kupradze type are established. Uniqueness theorems of the basic and mixed type boundary value problems are proved. In the paper we treat the uniqueness theorems of basic and mixed type exterior boundary value problems (BVPs) for equations of two-dimensional steady-state elastic oscillations of anisotropic bodies. In this case questions regarding the correctness of BVPs have not been investigated so far. Here any analogy with the isotropic case is completely violated, since the ge- ometry of the characteristic surface becomes highly complicated and the fundamental matrix cannot be written explicitly in terms of elementary functions. This in turn creates another diculty in obtaining asymptotic estimates. As is well known, even for the metaharmonic equation v(x) + k 2 v(x) = 0; k 2 > 0; x 2R 2 ;
Functional acuity contrast sensitivity assessment in young and middle age healthy persons at the day time with and without glare (2014)

Background. As people age, their vision becomes less clear; they can clearly see big objects but experience problems discerning minor things and minor details. The functional acuity contrast test is a very sensitive method used for visual system evaluation which may help to detect the beginning of the disease in case the visual acuity is still normal. Purpose. To determine functional acuity contrast sensitivity in young and in middle age healthy persons at the day time with and without glare. Materials and methods. We examined 40–49 yrs (Group 1), and 50– 59 yrs (Group 2) healthy persons. The typical Snellen chart (the direc­tion of the gap in Landolt C) was used for the non-corrected and the bestcorrected visual acuity testing. Functional acuity contrast sensitivity was measured employing a Ginsburg Box, VSCR- CST-6500, at the day time with and without glare. Results. Functional acuity contrast sensitivity remained very similar in the age groups of 40–49 years and 50–59 years. However, statistically, it significantly decreased at day time without glare (18 cycle / degree) spatial frequencies (p = 0.05). Results in Group 1 as compared to Group 2 decreased from 3.09% to 51.7% at the day time without glare and from 2.16% to 11.61% at the day time with glare. Conclusion. The facts are that contrast sensitivity remained very similar in the age groups of 40–49 years and 50–59 years at the day time with and without glare.
Impact of fixed charge on metal-insulator-semiconductor barrier height reduction (2011)

Recently, the insertion of ultrathin insulators to form metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts has been used extensively to reduce the Schottky barrier height and to shift the Fermi level pinning. In this paper, we investigate the physical non-idealities of the ultrathin insulator in Al/Al2O3/n-GaAs MIS through stoichiometry, density, and bandgap measurements. These structural non-idealities electrically manifest as bulk and interface fixed charges that are found to contribute to the observed barrier height reduction. The effect of fixed charge has not been considered before, and when combined with the previously reported interface dipoles, it provides a more thorough understanding of the MIS contacts.
Methods and instrumentation for measuring moisture in building structures (2005)

Excess moisture in building structures may damage the structures and provide suitable conditions for microbe growth. As a consequence, moisture may cause different health effects to the occupants, and lead to costly refurbishments, if the damage is not perceived in time. Currently, there are several work-intensive, destructive methods for verifying suspected moisture problems and for monitoring the drying of concrete structures. However, it has not been previously feasible to monitor moisture routinely, on a regular basis.\n\nThis thesis introduces new methods for measuring moisture in building structures, and the instrumentation developed for implementing them. First of all, the study defines accurately the current need for new methods, and selects the specific problems to approach. The study then elucidates the physical principles of the novel measurement methods and presents the practical instrumentation. The functionality of the system is then verified in laboratory and field measurements. Finally, some guidelines are presented in how to apply the system to the building industry.\n\nThe developed measurement system consists of two components: low-cost passive LC circuit sensors and a separate reading device that couples inductively with each sensor. The sensors are assembled in contact with the structure of interest at the time of construction or renovation. The moisture conditions in the structure affect the resonant frequency and quality factor of the sensor. These parameters can be measured with the reading device from outside the structure, whenever needed. As a consequence, moisture conditions inside the structure can be measured without damaging the structure. As an improvement to existing moisture measurement methods, the developed system combines measurement accuracy at an exactly defined location with a fast and non-destructive measurement procedure. In addition to the methods, this thesis presents several, new moisture and temperature sensors, a hand-held device for reading the sensors wirelessly, and preliminary measurement results and experiences from using the system in the construction industry. The research lays a foundation for further research in the moisture measurement application, but also for applying the methods to other application areas, such as the packaging industry. The research has also led to the development of a new commercial product.
Symmetric trellis coded vector quantization (2002)

Trellis coded vector quantization is known to offer a good rate-distortion performance, but at a considerable (and sometimes prohibitive) complexity cost. We present design techniques for vector quantizers with highly symmetric codebooks that facilitate low complexity quantization as well as partitioning into equiprobable sets for trellis coding. The quantization performance of this coder on the Laplacian source matches the performance of trellis based scalar-vector quantization, the best fixed-wordlength quantizer thus far reported, but requires less computational complexity. Furthermore, this coder is well-suited for use in joint source/channel coding systems where the codeword locations and labeling are chosen to minimize the effects of channel errors.
Optical scatter imaging: subcellular morphometry in situ with Fourier filtering (2001)

We demonstrate a quantitative optical scatter imaging (OSI) technique, based on Fourier filtering, for detecting alterations in the size of particles with wavelength-scale dimensions. We generate our scatter image by taking the ratio of images collected at high and low numerical aperture in central dark-field microscopy. Such an image spatially encodes the ratio of wide to narrow angle scatter and hence provides a measure of local particle size. We validated OSI on sphere suspensions and live cells. In live cells, OSI revealed biochemically induced morphological changes that were not apparent in unprocessed differential interference contrast images. Unlike high-resolution imaging methods, OSI can provide size information for particles smaller than the camera's spatial resolution.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Effects of Physical Activity and Nutrient Intakes on Blood Glucose Control Rates in Middle-Aged and Elderly Diabetes Patients: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2017 (2021)

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting blood glucose control among middle-aged and older diabetic patients taking medications or receiving insulin therapy. In 2015-2017 data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 1257 patients with diabetes were divided into a controlled group and an uncontrolled group based on blood glucose levels (cutoff ≥126 mg/dL). After adjusting for confounding factors, the BMI, total cholesterol level, and triglycerides level of the uncontrolled group were significantly higher than the controlled group. The total amount of moderate-intensity activity in controlled patients was significantly higher than that of the controlled group. Total energy, fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol intakes were found to be significantly higher in the uncontrolled than controlled group. Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly lower in the uncontrolled than controlled group. Adequate nutrition intake and physical activity of patients undergoing diabetes therapy are required for effective blood glucose management for both diabetic drug and insulin therapies.
The collagen matrix of the human trabecular meshwork is an extension of the novel pre-Descemet's layer (Dua's layer) (2014)

This study provides an insight into the origins of the collagen core of the TM as an extension of the PDL of the cornea. This finding adds to the knowledge base of the TM and cornea and has the potential to impact future research into the TM and glaucoma.
Autocomplete 3D sculpting (2018)

Digital sculpting is a popular means to create 3D models but remains a challenging task. We propose a 3D sculpting system that assists users, especially novices, in freely creating models with reduced input labor and enhanced output quality. With an interactive sculpting interface, our system silently records and analyzes users' workflows including brush strokes and camera movements, and predicts what they might do in the future. Users can accept, partially accept, or ignore the suggestions and thus retain full control and individual style. They can also explicitly select and clone past workflows over output model regions. Our key idea is to consider how a model is authored via dynamic workflows in addition to what is shaped in static geometry. This allows our method for more accurate analysis of user intentions and more general synthesis of shape structures than prior workflow or geometry methods, such as large overlapping deformations. We evaluate our method via user feedbacks and authored models.
Standardized Vasoactive Medications: A Unified System for Every Patient, Everywhere (2005)

Providing medications used in emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) in an efficient and consistent manner is a cornerstone for achieving excellent patient care and safety. For neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients who move through different specialty areas in a tertiary hospital, it is essential to have a standardized protocol for these medications that can be followed regardless of location or practitioner. Our institution developed a protocol for intravenous push (IVP) and continuous infusion (CI) medications based on the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP), Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines. This protocol incorporates these guidelines into a single reference sheet (Emergency Drug Sheet) based on the patient's weight using a computer software program. The program provides the option for either pediatric (weight-based) or adult (weight-based and standard dose) dosing. The CI section uses a limited number of concentrations, which meets the JCAHO mandate. Commercially available products are used, when possible, in response to USP <797>. It also serves as the standard protocol for vasoactive medications in all patient care settings in conjunction with programmable infusion pump technology. The software program is easy to use; the Emergency Drug Sheet is easy to read; and the program is available everywhere in the hospital. The standard CI protocol used with the Emergency Drug Sheet reduces unclear orders, standardizes drug preparation, and decreases the time to medication delivery. It could serve as a model for community hospitals, as well as tertiary facilities.
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture: Definition, Taxonomies, Examples, and Applicability (2009)

In this document, we provide a survey of P2P (Peer-to-Peer) systems. The survey includes a definition and several taxonomies of P2P systems. This survey also includes a description of which types of applications can be built with P2P technologies and examples of P2P applications that are currently in use on the Internet. Finally, we discuss architectural trade-offs and provide guidelines for deciding whether or not a P2P architecture would be suitable to meet the requirements of a given application.
A Context Aware Connected Home Platform for Pervasive Applications (2008)

Context-aware systems are an emerging genre of computer systems that help add some forms of intelligence to our surroundings. The ATRACO project uses the ambient ecology metaphor to conceptualize a space populated by connected devices and services that are interrelated with each other, the environment and the people, supporting the users' everyday activities in a meaningful way. Everyday appliances, devices, and context aware artifacts are part of the ATRACO ambient ecologies. In this paper we present the connected home platform adopted by ATRACO and its evolution to provide network adaptation and context-aware services. A flexible and distributed context-aware service model is introduced using the OSGi and UPnP frameworks. UPnP is used to converge the existing network infrastructure comprising of heterogeneous technologies and protocols at the IP level. Furthermore, we introduce a context-aware service model and provide paradigms of context aware services that build upon perceptual and context aware components of the platform.