gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Surface Roughness Determination Using Speckle Correlation Technique (1975)

Two speckle patterns produced from the same rough surface by two different illuminations are correlated. The correlation depends on the surface roughness. The two illuminations were obtained here by varying the angle of incidence of a coherent plane wave on the surface. The speckle patterns are recorded on the same film by double exposure. By placing this film in a convergent laser beam, Young fringes are observed in the Fourier plane. The correlation of the speckle patterns is obtained by measuring the visibility of the fringes. The theoretical calculations have been performed for a normally distributed surface. The experimental results are in good agreement with theory.
The concentration in tumor and other tissues of parenterally administered tritium- and 14-C-labeled tetraphenylporphinesulfonate. (1967)

Tritiated and 14C-labeled tetraphenylporphinesulfonates (TTPS) were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The distribution of radioactivity and of the intact TPPS molecule was determined after injection of each compound into rats bearing the Walker carcinosarcoma. Intact TPPS accumulated in higher concentration in the tumor than in other tissues. The relative tissue concentrations of 14C administered as TPPS-14C was similar to that of intact TPPS. The tissue distribution of tritium, administered as TPPS-3H, was entirely different from both TPPS and 14C. The indissociably bound 14C attained sufficiently high relative concentrations in kidney and liver to preclude its use as a tumoricidal agent. The observed tumor: tissue concentration ratios for all other organs is sufficient for tumor localization by external scintillation scanning if an α-emitting isotope is similarly bound to TPPS.
Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling (2017)

IgE antibodies are key mediators of antiparasitic immune responses, but their potential for cancer treatment via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been little studied. Recently, tumor antigen-specific IgEs were reported to restrict cancer cell growth by engaging high-affinity Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages; however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms were undefined and <i>in vivo</i> proof of concept was limited. Here, an immunocompetent rat model was designed to recapitulate the human IgE-Fcε receptor system for cancer studies. We also generated rat IgE and IgG mAbs specific for the folate receptor (FRα), which is expressed widely on human ovarian tumors, along with a syngeneic rat tumor model expressing human FRα. Compared with IgG, anti-FRα IgE reduced lung metastases. This effect was associated with increased intratumoral infiltration by TNFα<sup>+</sup> and CD80<sup>+</sup> macrophages plus elevated TNFα and the macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1 in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Increased levels of TNFα and MCP-1 correlated with IgE-mediated tumor cytotoxicity by human monocytes and with longer patient survival in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Monocytes responded to IgE but not IgG exposure by upregulating TNFα, which in turn induced MCP-1 production by monocytes and tumor cells to promote a monocyte chemotactic response. Conversely, blocking TNFα receptor signaling abrogated induction of MCP-1, implicating it in the antitumor effects of IgE. Overall, these findings show how antitumor IgE reprograms monocytes and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, encouraging the clinical use of IgE antibody technology to attack cancer beyond the present exclusive reliance on IgG. <i>Cancer Res; 77(5); 1127-41. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Interactive Rendering and Modification of Massive Aircraft CAD Models in Immersive Environment (2014)

NC simulation emulates the CNC machine tool and the cutter move along its axis.It depicts the material removal to better visualize the machining process.Until now, its main goals are still confined to check an unproved NC program to avoid potential collisions, and to analyze undercuts and overcuts.In this work, by using the simulated output-the in-process model (IPM), and rebuilding a machining feature based model, applications of NC simulation are extended to establish the feedback link from CNC to CAM, which can automatically pass modifications of manufacturing engineers back through the digital chain.In cases when old CAD archives of parts are incompatible with new systems and machines, or are damaged or lost, the original CAD model is neither available nor usable, and the part program is the only data available, rebuilding the feature based model from the NC simulation is necessary.This paper proposes an approach for machining feature recognition from IPM.As per the IPM characteristics, the approach adopts a novel approach of curvature based region segmentation and valuated adjacency graph based feature recognition.
Assessment of fatigue in chronic disease: a bibliographic study of fatigue measurement scales (2007)

A large number of fatigue scales exist and there is no consensus on which fatigue measuring scales that are most appropriate for use in assessment of fatigue in different diseases. We aimed to describe the use of fatigue scales in studies of disease-related fatigue during the last three decades. We searched databases from 1975 to 2004 for original studies reporting on disease-related fatigue and extracted information on method used to assess fatigue, diseases under study and year of publication. A total of 2285 papers reported measures of fatigue in chronic non-acute diseases of which 80% were published during the last decade. We identified 252 different ways to measure fatigue, of which 150 were use only once. Multi-symptom scales (n = 156) were used in 670 studies, while 71 scales specifically designed to measure fatigue were applied in 416 studies. The majority of these studies used scales with a multidimensional approach to fatigue, and most studies used scales that were disease-specific or only applied to few different diseases. Research in disease-related fatigue has increased exponentially during the last three decades, even if we adjust for the general increase in publishing activity. The number of scales has also increased and the majority of scales were developed for specific diseases. There is need for measure instruments with different sizes and dimensionality, and due to ceiling and floor effects, the same scale may not be useful for patients with different severity of fatigue. However, since fatigue is an unspecific symptom there should not be need for adopting disease specific fatigue scales for each individual disease. There may be differences in characteristics of fatigue between diseases and generic measurement instruments may facilitate documentation of such differences, which may be of clinical importance.
The structure and morphology of the skin of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes: A comparative atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope study (1992)

Abstract Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the surface structure and morphology of 10,000, 30,000, and 100,000 dalton molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes, and the results are compared. Although both approaches reveal the pore structure in the 30,000 and 100,000 MWCO membranes, the pore diameters derived from SEM are smaller than those measured by AFM. This discrepancy is a result of the diminution in pore dimensions during the sample preparation for SEM, that is, the solvent exchange procedure needed to remove the water from the membrane prior to the high vacuum gold coating deposition step. In contrast to SEM, which requires a high vacuum both during heavy metal coating and during examination, AFM can be performed on wet ultrafiltration membranes. Consequently, the potential of altering the membranes' pore structures during sample preparation is eliminated. Therefore, the pore diameters obtained from AFM are more accurate than those derived from SEM.
The premenstrual syndrome. A survey of current treatment practices. (1984)

Interest in the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has increased rapidly in both the lay and professional communities during the past few years. Research on the causes, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder continues to expand. An area that has received little attention, however, is the current treatment practices of physicians who recognize PMS as a treatable disorder. Our study was a survey of 502 physicians from the United States and Canada regarding diagnostic and treatment services provided to their PMS patients. Descriptive results of the survey, as well as breakdowns by medical specialty and region, were obtained. The results have implications for current practice and future research.
[Protective effects of administration of enalapril maleate on rat myocardial damage in early stage of burns]. (2007)

Severe myocardial damage in rat occurred early after burns. Enalaprilat injection can markedly alleviate myocardial damage.
Single-Point Diamond Turning of Aspheric Mirror with Inner Reflecting Surfaces (2007)

Grazing incidence optics used in soft X-ray microscopes require supersmooth surface and highly accurate figure. We considered the fabrication of a Wolter type I mirror, one of grazing incidence optics, with axial-symmetric inner reflecting surfaces using single-point diamond turning. Electroless nickel was chosen as reflecting material Cutting conditions for machining the inner reflecting surface were restricted because of long arm of a single-crystal diamond tool. The machined Wolter type I mirror had approximately 270 nm P-V in figure error and 3 nm Ra in surface roughness. The direct-machined Wolter type I mirror could be successfully used in a soft Xray microscope based on laser-produced X-ray source.
Improving understandability of architecture design through visualization of architectural design decision (2010)

Concentrating on components and connectors in traditional approaches to document software architecture causes the problems, such as high costs for architecture change and erode during architecture evolution. These problems result in a tendency to record architectural design decisions and their rationale made throughout architecting process. This tendency encourages practitioners and researchers to develop various models and related tools to model, capture, manage, share, and (re)use architectural design decisions. But there still remains a need to visualize and explore architectural design decisions due to the huge number of decisions and relationships among them in large and complex systems development. In this paper, we first make a survey on tools that support visualization of architectural design decisions, their features and deficiencies. Second we investigate how Compendium tool can be employed as a general tool to visualize architectural design decisions and their rationale. Last we present how the visualization by Compendium can improve the understandability and support the communication of architectural design in architecting process.
K'inich Janahb' Pakal II (Resplandeciente escudo Ave-Janahb') (603-683 d.C.): Palenque, Chiapas (2011)

Forjador del esplendor del senorio de Palenque, Chiapas, K'inich Janahb' Pakal II es un personaje emblematico del periodo Clasico maya. Nacido en medio de una profunda crisis de su dinastia, su longeva vida (603-683 d.C.) refleja las vicisitudes y logros de un senorio que, bajo su liderazgo, se convirtio en la entidad politica y militar mas poderosa y opulenta del occidente maya.
SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE EM UMA ESCOLA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TRÊS BARRAS – SC (2017)

Objetivou-se verificar os indices de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de uma escola da cidade de Tres Barras/SC. A pesquisa foi constituida por 59 escolares (30 meninos e 29 meninas), com idades de 6 e 7 anos. Para verificar o estado nutricional foi avaliada a massa corporal e estatura. A partir destas informacoes calculou-se o IMC. Na analise dos dados foi utilizada a estatistica descritiva: media, desvio padrao e frequencia percentual (%), tambem foi realizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e o teste de Qui-quadrado com nivel de significância de p<0,05. No geral, o percentual de criancas com sobrepeso foi de 18,64% e de obesidade 20,33%. Entre os meninos, o percentual com sobrepeso foi 13,33% e de obesidade 23,33%. Ja, nas meninas, o percentual com sobrepeso foi de 24,13% e obesidade 17,24%. Foi verifi­cada uma alta prevalencia de sobrepeso e obesidade na escola estudada, mas nao resultou em valores significativos quando comparado as classificacoes dos meninos em relacao as meninas.
Ge thin-film melting point detection for optical pyrometer calibration in a rapid thermal processor (1992)

The reflectivity of a multilayered structure on top of a silicon wafer has been measured in a rapid thermal processor at 0.6328 μm. This structure consisted of a Ge thin film sandwiched between SiO2 and Si3N4 films. The wafer has been submitted to thermal cycles around the melting point of Ge (938 °C). It has been shown that the onset of Ge melting which corresponds to an abrupt reflectivity change can be detected in situ by monitoring the intensity of a reflected laser light. It has therefore been demonstrated that the detection of Ge thin-film melting can serve as a tool for temperature sensor calibration in a rapid thermal processor.
Market potentiality of banking of NGO's in India (2015)

The primary objective is to analyze the market potentiality of banking with respect to NGO's. The secondary objective is to tap out the exact market trend, expectations of NGO's. Data collected through questionnaire method and statistical tools like Chi-square test, correlation coefficient used for the study. There is no relation between the two attributes, viz, years of existence of the NGO's with their willingness to invest their money. We found out that there is no relationship between years of existence of the organizations with their selection in bankers. The relationship between selection of the bankers and the expectations of the NGO's in banking relationship seems to be positive and hold positive in statistical analysis. There is a potentiality for banking of NGO's in India. Moreover, the expectations of the NGO's pitch more for convenience.
Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Lacking Endonuclease I, Ribonuclease I, or Ribonuclease II (1971)

To isolate mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking endonuclease I activity (end), a method has been developed which detects, by differential methyl green staining, undegraded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in colonies previously incubated in toluene. This procedure allows isolation of mutant strains in which DNA degradation is reduced. For half of these strains, this defect has been correlated with deficiencies of endonuclease I, ribonuclease I (rns), or ribonuclease II (rne) activities. The enzymatic deficiencies of the other strains remain unknown. An rne mutation is cotransducible with serA (which is located at 56 min on the genetic map). Most end mutations, called endA, are also cotransducible with serA and are located between serA and strA. One end mutation, called endB, is located between purE and trp (i.e., between 13 and 25 min on the genetic map).
Synthese mittlerer und großer Ringe, XI. Bicyclo[n.2.2]alkene aus überbrückten Oxepinen – Synthese von 3,6‐Pentanooxepin‐4,5‐dicarbonsäure‐dimethylester und 6,9‐Dihydro[5]paracyclophan‐7,8‐dicarbonsäure‐dimethylester (1985)

Ein neuer Zugang zu Bicyclo[5.2.2]undec(adi)enen und Bicyclo[6.2.2]dodecen-Derivaten, ausgehend von Cycloheptanon und Cyclooctanon, wird beschrieben. Schlüsselschritte dieser Synthese sind die Überführung von 3,4-Pentano- und -Hexanofuran in die β,β′-überbrückten Oxepine 2 und eine transannulare Addition von Brom an 2. Die Dibromide 3a und 3b lassen sich in hohen Ausbeuten zu 3c und 3d entbromieren. Synthesis of Medium and Large Rings, XI. Bicyclo[n.2.2]alkenes from Bridged Oxepins – Synthesis of Dimethyl 3,6-Pentanooxepin-4,5-dicarboxylate and Dimethyl 6,9-Dihydro[5]paracyclophane-7,8-dicarboxylate A new approach to bicyclo[5.2.2]undec(adi)enes and bicyclo[6.2.2]dodecene derivatives, starting from cycloheptanone and cyclooctanone is described. Key steps of this synthesis are the conversion of 3,4-pentano- and -hexanofuran to the β,β′-bridged oxepins 2 and the transannular addition of bromine to 2. The dibromides 3a and 3b can be debrominated to give 3c and 3d in high yield.
One-Step RT-PCR without Initial RNA Isolation Step for Laser-Microdissected Tissue Sample (2003)

One-step RT-PCR procedure without initial RNA extraction step is tested for laser microdissected tissue sample. Unfixed cryosections of liver and kidney tissue of male SD rats were cut using laser microdissection system and directly used as templates for RT-PCR study. To check the sensitivity, 5, 25, 125, and 625 hepatocytes were cut and put in PCR-tube. After DNase treatment and cDNA synthesis with pd(N)6 random primer, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) cDNAs were amplified by 60 thermal cycles. GAPDH-specific bands were observed at as few as 25 hepatocytes. Specificity of this procedure was tested for hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium and glomerular tissue using albumin PCR primers. Approximately 250 cells were cut and albumin cDNA was amplified as described above. Albumin specific band was observed only in hepatocytes sample. To apply this approach to quantitative PCR, various numbers of hepatocytes were cut and put in 0.2 mL PCR tube. After reverse transcription and 10 cycles of GAPDH cDNA amplification by regular thermal-cycler, PCR solution was transferred to 96-well plate designed for real-time PCR system, and further 40 cycles were performed. As a result, GAPDH cDNAs were successfully amplified with a good correlation between the number of template hepatocytes and the intensity of PCR signal. From these results, we concluded this approach would be very useful for the expression analysis of microdissected pathology samples.
TIC10/ONC201 synergizes with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition in glioblastoma by suppression of Mcl-1 and its binding partners <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2015)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults. Current therapeutic options are sparse and the prognosis of patients suffering from this disease is grim. Abundance in intratumoral heterogeneity among different deregulated signaling pathways is a hallmark of glioblastoma and likely accounts for its recurrence and resistance to treatment. Glioblastomas harbor a plethora of deregulated pathways driving tumor formation and growth. In this study, we show that TIC10/ONC201, a promising compound that is currently in planned clinical development, along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition by ABT263 yields a strong synergistic antiproliferative effect on pediatric, adult, proneural glioblastoma and glioma stem-like cells. On the molecular level, treatment with TIC10/ONC201 results in a posttranslational decrease of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), through modulation of the chaperone Bag3 and the deubiquitinase Usp9X. Consistently, the combination treatment of TIC10/ONC201 and ABT263 required the presence of functional BAX and BAK to drive intrinsic apoptosis, but is surprisingly independent of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Moreover, the expression of Noxa protein was required for efficient apoptosis induction by TIC10/ONC201 and ABT263. Importantly, the drug combination of TIC10/ONC201 and the BH3-mimetic, ABT263, led to a regression of tumors in vivo, without any notable toxicity and side effects. Overall, TIC10/ONC201 along with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition holds significant promise as a novel potential approach for the treatment of recalcitrant tumors such as glioblastoma.
Assessing the Performance of a Static Var Compensator for an Electric Arc Furnace (2013)

The advantages of a static var compensator (SVC) for electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle melt furnace (LMF) applications are well known. The SVC minimizes the impact of the EAF and LMF on the utility and improves the efficiency of both furnaces. In this application, it was desirable to quantify the performance of the SVC. This paper describes power quality measurements that were taken on the electrical distribution system to evaluate the performance of the SVC. The purpose of the power quality measurements was to monitor the voltage regulation, harmonics, flicker, and other power quality quantities at the 138-kV utility point of common coupling (PCC), as well as the 34.5-kV system serving the SVC, EAF, and LMF. The measurements and subsequent analysis established a baseline for the SVC performance and identified areas of concern. This paper describes the analysis of the measurements and evaluation of the SVC performance.
OCTAVIS: Optimization Techniques for Multi-GPU Multi-View Rendering (2011)

We present a high performance-yet low cost-system for multi-view rendering in virtual reality (VR) applications. In contrast to complex CAVE installations, which are typically driven by one render client per view, we arrange eight displays in an octagon around the viewer to provide a full 360° projection, and we drive these eight displays by a single PC equipped with multiple graphics units (GPUs). In this paper we describe the hardware and software setup, as well as the necessary low-level and high-level optimizations to optimally exploit the parallelism of this multi-GPU multi-view VR system.
Mechanisms of mastoparan-stimulated surfactant secretion from isolated pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells. (1991)

Mastoparan, a tetradecapeptide component of wasp venom, is a potent activator of secretion in a variety of cell types, and has been shown to activate purified G-proteins reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles with a preferential activation of Gi over Gs (Higashijima, T., Uzu, S., Nakajima, T., and Ross, E. R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6491-6494). To identify the biochemical activities of mastoparan in a cellular system, we characterized the effects of mastoparan on signal transduction pathways in rat pulmonary alveolar type 2 epithelial cells, which synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant. Mastoparan inhibited adenylylcyclase activity in a manner that was dose-dependent (IC50 = 30 microM), but sensitive to neither guanine nucleotide nor pertussis toxin (PT). Mastoparan induced a PT-sensitive increase in cellular inositol trisphosphate and a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium released from intracellular stores; the time to onset of the calcium rise, but neither the rate nor the amplitude of the rise, were PT-sensitive. Mastoparan also caused a dose- (EC50 = 16 microM) and time-dependent activation of arachidonic acid release that was completely insensitive to pretreatment with PT. Secretion of pulmonary surfactant was increased by mastoparan approximately 8-fold over constitutive levels at 1 h with an EC50 = 20 microM, and mastoparan-stimulated secretion was partially sensitive to PT at late time points and to inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, but not to the protein kinase C inhibitor H7. These findings are consistent with the activation of Gi proteins in type 2 cells by mastoparan, although the lack of predicted triphosphoguanine nucleotide and PT sensitivity for some activities indicates that mastoparan does not act in a manner strictly analogous to liganded receptors or that some activities are not mediated by activation of Gi. While mastoparan is a potent secretagogue in several cell types, its secretory activity appears to have only a limited dependence on the activation of Gi proteins in type 2 cells.