gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divanadium Pentoxide Nanorods (2003)

The reverse micelle technique , here used to synthesize divanadium pentoxide nanorods, enables the nanorod length to be tuned easily by simply keeping them in the micellar solution after the synthesis. The nanorods are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. These techniques show that the nanorods are made of divanadium pentoxide with the structure of γ‐V 2 O 5 .
Surface plasmon resonance in nanocrystalline silver particles embedded in SiO2 matrix (2002)

Nanocomposite films containing silver particles embedded in SiO2 matrix were prepared by high pressure (~40 Pa) d.c. sputtering technique in an argon plasma on fused silica substrate. Particle size and metal volume fraction were tailored by varying the substrate temperature (Ts~233-300 K) and deposition time (15-240 s). Reduction in size and volume fraction of metal particles culminated in blue-shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak in the optical absorbance spectra of the films. Absence of surface plasmon peak in the absorption spectra below a critical particle size and metal concentration of the nanocomposite films and appearance of sharp absorption edge in the absorbance spectra within the UV-VIS range indicated the semiconducting behaviour of the ultrafine silver particles. Experimental absorbance spectra were theoretically simulated by Mie scattering theory and Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory.
Regulation of PTHrP and PTH/PTHrP Receptor by Extracellular Ca2+Concentration and Hormones in the Breast Cancer Cell Line 8701-BC (2000)

It was previously reported that 8701-BC breast tumour cells express the gene for parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTHrP-R) and release immunoreactive PTHrP (iPTHrP) into the extracellular medium. Since the regulation of PTHrP and PTHrP-R by breast cancer cells has been poorly investigated so far, we have chosen the 8701-BC cell line as a model system to investigate whether alterations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e) and treatment with some well-known differentiation agents for breast cells, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, hydrocortisone, progesterone, prolactin, all-trans retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-beta1 might (i) modulate quantitatively the release of iPTHrP, (ii) affect the PTHrP promoter usage and mRNA splicing patterns, and (iii) modify the expression of PTHrP-R. The data obtained indicate that 8701-BC cells are potentially able to utilise different start sites and mRNA splicing patterns for PTHrP transcription, and respond to variations of [Ca2+]e and to the addition of two hormones, hydrocortisone and progesterone, with modifications in the extracellular amount of iPTHrP. Moreover, expression of PTHrP-R is also modulated by changes of [Ca2+]e or treatment with hydrocortisone. This indicates that the 8701 -BC cell line is a suitable in vitro model for further studies on the complex molecular regulation of the PTHrP/PTHrP-R pair in breast cancer.
Descent profile options for continuous descent arrival procedures within 3d path concept (2007)

Continuous Descent Approach/Arrival (CDA) procedures with idle thrust descent have demonstrated significant reduction in community noise, fuel burn, emissions and flight time when compared with conventional step-down procedures. However, to date such CDA procedures have only been implemented in low traffic conditions. This is partly due to the fact that Air Traffic Control (ATC) lacks the required ground automation to provide separation assurance services during CDA operations. Additionally, the deployment of CDA procedures in medium to high traffic conditions is hindered by the lack of capability on the ground to reliably predict the trajectory as executed by the airplane when descending under idle thrust. Insufficient or inaccurate knowledge on the ground regarding aircraft type, weight, aircraft specific operations and wind profiles in the Flight Management System (FMS), etc. can lead to large deviations between the ground computed profile and the actual profile flown. Partially powered, low thrust CDA along a geometric vertical path provides a possible alternative to idle descents. Geometric paths explicitly specify the vertical profile that the aircraft will fly and hence provide increased predictability on the ground and significantly improved common situational awareness in the air and on the ground. These benefits come at the expense of increased noise, fuel burn, emissions, and flight time for individual flight in comparison to idle thrust descents. With proper design, however, it can be shown that the increases can be quite reasonable. The higher predictability will make this descent concept feasible in high traffic conditions. The overall benefits in noise, fuel burn, and flight time for the entire arrival stream can still be much higher than the level achievable with current step-down procedures. When combined with the 3D Path Arrival Management (3D PAM) concept using lateral path options [1], the resultant operational concept provides a highly predictable 3D descent trajectory and, with supporting ground automation, enables the implementation of CDA procedures in high traffic conditions. In this paper, we will report relevant design considerations for geometric path CDAs and trade-offs between this low thrust descent scheme and idle thrust descents. The implementation of this descent scheme within the 3D PAM concept will also be discussed.
[Catalase: structure, properties, functions]. (2006)

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is an enzyme which is present mainly in the peroxisomes of mammalian cells. It is a tetrameric enzyme consisting of four identical, tetrahedrally arranged subunits of 60 kDa, each containing in its active center a heme group and NADPH. Catalase has two enzymatic activities depending on the concentration of H2O2. If the concentration of H2O2 is high, catalase acts catalytically, i.e. removes H2O2 by forming H2O and O2 (catalatic reaction). However, at a low concentration of H2O2 and in the presence of a suitable hydrogen donor, e.g. ethanol, methanol, phenol, and others, catalase acts peroxidically, removing H2O2, but oxidizing its substrate (peroxidatic reaction). The review article presents current knowledge about the structure, properties, and functions of catalase in living organisms.
Microscale Sequencing of N-Linked Oligosaccharides of Glycoproteins Using Hydrazinolysis, Bio-Gel P-4, and Sequential Exoglycosidase Digestion (2003)

Hydrazinolysis has been applied to the quantitative liberation of intact N-linked oligosaccharides from small amounts of glycoproteins. The usefulness of this approach was originally described by Mizuochi et al. (1). This method has been extensively utilized for preparation of N-linked oligosaccharides from a number of glycoproteins for structural analysis (2–15). When glycoproteins with N-linked oligosaccharides are heated with anhydrous hydrazine at 100°C for 10 h, almost all peptide bonds in the polypeptide moiety are cleaved and the amino acids are converted to hydrazides, whereas the glycosidic bonds are stable. Simultaneously, there is quantitative cleavage of the GlcNAc-Asn linkage and release of acyl groups linked to the amino groups of amino sugars and sialic acids. Therefore, the procedure for preparing N-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins for structural analysis consists of three steps: hydrazinolysis, re-N-acetylation, and reduction with NaB3H4 for radiolabeling a small amount of liberated oligosaccharides.
Real Time Torque and Drag Analysis during Directional Drilling (2013)

The oil industry is generally producing oil and gas using the most cost-effective solutions. Directional drilling technology plays an important role especially because the horizontal wells have increased oil production more than twofold during recent years. The wellbore friction, torque and drag, between drill string and the wellbore wall is the most critical issue which limits the drilling industry to go beyond a certain measured depth. Surface torque is defined as the moment required rotating the entire drill string and the bit on the bottom of the hole. This moment is used to overcome the rotational friction against the wellbore, viscous force between pipe string and drilling fluid as well as bit torque. Also, the drag is the parasitic force acting against drill string movement to pull or lower the drill string through the hole. The drill string friction modeling is considered an important assessment to aid real time drilling analysis for mitigating drilling troubles such as tight holes, poor hole conditions, onset of pipe sticking, etc. In directional drilling operations, the surface measurement of weight on bit and torque differs from downhole bit measurement due to friction between the drill string and wellbore. This difference between surface and downhole measurements can be used to compute rotating and sliding friction coefficients from torque and hook load values respectively. These friction coefficients are used as indicators for real time drilling analysis. To do this analysis, analytical and finite element approaches were used to develop practical models for torque and drag calculations for any well geometry. The reason why two different approaches were used to develop torque and drag models is that the drill string was assumed to be soft string in the analytical approach which has full contact with the wellbore. In the finite element approach, the effect of drill string stiffness was included in the model and the drill string does not have full contact with the wellbore. Also, a new method for effective weight on the bit estimation was developed using wellbore friction model. The new method only utilizes the available surface measurements such as hook load, stand pipe pressure and surface rotation. Using the new method will eliminate the cost of downhole measurements tools and increase drilling rate of penetration by applying sufficient weight on the bit. In this research, different effects which have great contributions on torque and drag values were investigated precisely. These effects include buoyancy, contact surface due to curve surface area, hydrodynamic viscous force, buckling, hydraulic vibrations, adjusted unit weight and sheave efficiency. Finally, some field examples from offshore and onshore wells were selected for model validation and verification. The field data include hook load and surface torque for different operations such as drilling, tripping in/out and reaming/back reaming.
Method for Quantitative Protein−Ligand Affinity Measurements in Compound Mixtures (2007)

This manuscript describes an affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) method for quantitative protein-ligand binding affinity (Kd) measurements in large compound libraries. The ability of a titrant ligand to displace a target-bound library member-as measured by MS-reveals the affinity ranking of the mixture component relative to "internal affinity calibrants", compounds of known affinity for the target. This technique does not require that the precise concentration of each ligand is known; therefore, unpurified products of mixture-based combinatorial synthesis may be used for affinity optimization and developing structure-activity relationships. The method is demonstrated for a series of ligands to the important oncology target CDK2 that were discovered by AS-MS screening of combinatorial libraries against the basal form of the protein. AS-MS displacement curves for select hits were acquired over a range of compound concentrations, confirming that binding affinity measurement results are concentration-insensitive. These hits were evaluated in pools of purified compounds to verify the method's applicability to hit triage in large chemical libraries. The method was further tested using unpurified, mixture-based combinatorial libraries of >1000 compounds, yielding results that mirror those obtained from mixtures of purified compounds. The technique was then used to identify optimized CDK2 ligands from compound mixtures, quantitatively measure their affinities, and establish structure-activity relationships among these drug leads.
High-Precision Solar Tracking System (2010)

 Abstract—In this work we propose an innovative system for tracking the sun which is based on the use of a commercial web cam as the sensor element. An experimental electro-mechanism was designed and developed to evaluate its accuracy and efficacy in tracking the sun under different weather conditions. The impact on the system performance caused by intermittent cloud cover and temperature changes were also analyzed. The system showed an accuracy of 0.1o and high immunity to temperature variations. It demonstrated to be able to relocate the sun, as well as extrapolate its position when it cannot be observed for a period of time.
Activity of Three 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives Against In Vitro Dental Plaque (1978)

Three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, assessed using an in vitro preformed dental plaque model system, were differentially inhibitory for four plaque-forming microorganisms.
Syk-independent tyrosine phosphorylation and association of the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 with the high affinity IgE receptor (1997)

Aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI), a member of the immune receptor family, results in the activation of protein tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling pathways. The two cytoplasmic Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 (also called SH-PTP1, PTP1C or HCP) and SHP-2 (also known as SH-PTP2, PTP1D, PTP2C, or Syp), are expressed in the RBL-2H3 rat mast cell line. Here we report that aggregation of Fc epsilonRI induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of both SHP-1 and SHP-2. This phosphorylation was independent of the presence of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk. Both SHP-1 and SHP-2 associated with Fc epsilonRI. Whereas SHP-1 was constitutively associated with the receptor, SHP-2 coprecipitated with Fc epsilonRI only after receptor aggregation. Fusion proteins containing either the full-length or the Src homology 2 domains of SHP-2 directly bound to the tyrosine-phosphorylated beta, but not the gamma, subunit of Fc epsilonRI. In the reciprocal experiments, synthetic phosphorylated peptides based on the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of the beta, but not the gamma, subunit precipitated SHP-2. In contrast, neither fusion proteins nor synthetic peptides detected interaction between SHP-1 and Fc epsilonRI. In vitro, both SHP-1 and SHP-2 dephosphorylated tyrosine-phosphorylated beta and gamma subunits of Fc epsilonRI. Therefore, SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with Fc epsilonRI by different mechanisms and can regulate the extent of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor subunits. Thus, unlike other immune cells in which inhibitory molecules are recruited by accessory proteins, Fc epsilonRI bind molecules that both activate and inhibit signal transduction.
Using Peer Support to Reduce Fault-Tolerant Overhead in Distributed Shared Memories (1996)

We present a peer logging system for reducing performance overhead in fault-tolerant distributed shared memory systems.Our system provides fault-tolerant shared memory using individual checkpointing and rollback.Peer logging logs DSM modification messages to remote nodes instead of to local disks.We present results for implementations of our fault-tolerant technique using simulations of both TreadMarks, a software-only DSM, and Cashmere, a DSM using memory mapped hardware.We compare simulations with no fault tolerance to simulations with local disk logging and peer logging.We present results showing that fault-tolerant Treadmarks can be achieved with an average of 17% overhead for peer logging.We also present results showing that while almost any DSM protocol can be made fault tolerant, systems with localized DSM page meta-data have much lower overheads.
Roles of liver innate immune cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the United States and other developed countries and is expected to increase in the next few years. Emerging data suggest that some patients with NAFLD may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD can also promote the development and progression of disease in other organ systems, such as the cardiovascular and endocrine (i.e. diabetes) systems. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD is of great clinical importance and is critical for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Although the "two-hit hypothesis" is generally accepted, the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been clearly established. The liver is an important innate immune organ with large numbers of innate immune cells, including Kupffer cells (KCs), natural killer T (NKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent data show that an imbalance in liver cytokines may be implicated in the development of fatty liver disease. For example, Th1 cytokine excess may be a common pathogenic mechanism for hepatic insulin resistance and NASH. Innate immune cells in the liver play important roles in the excessive production of hepatic Th1 cytokines in NAFLD. In addition, liver innate immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in other ways. For example, activated KCs can generate reactive oxygen species, which induce liver injury. This review will focus primarily on the possible effect and mechanism of KCs, NKT cells and NK cells in the development of NAFLD.
Twenty-Five Years of the Search for Extraterrestrial Communications (1985)

On this silver anniversary of the first published proposal for a search of the skies to seek communications over interstellar distances, I present a rather personal account of the origins of the proposal, and an appraisal of the new and hopeful status of the search worldwide.
Matching identifiers in electronic health records: implications for duplicate records and patient safety (2013)

The percentage of records having matching patient identifiers is high in several organisations, indicating that the rate of duplicate records or records may also be high. Further efforts are necessary to improve management of duplicate records or records with matching identifiers and minimise the risk for patient harm.
Achromatic two-stage E*B mass filter for a focused ion beam column with collimated beam (1993)

A two-stage achromatic E*B mass separator has been designed for a high-current focused ion beam column with collimated beam. The separator consists of two homogeneous field E*B filters, a stigmator and the separation aperture. The second-order geometrical and chromatic aberration coefficients are derived and their dependence on magnetic pole piece and electrode geometry are investigated in performing electric and magnetic field calculations. The influence of the mass separator on the spatial resolution of the column is discussed.
Comparison of the measurement of surface or total platelet‐associated IgG in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (1985)

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) can be measured on intact platelets or following platelet lysis. Measurement of PAIgG following platelet lysis may provide different or additional information compared to PAIgG measured on intact platelets. The PAIgG of lysed platelets represents "total" PAIgG, ie, IgG on the surface of platelets plus any IgG that was inside the platelet. To investigate the clinical relevance of the two types of PAIgG assay we performed a prospective study on washed platelets collected from 47 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The PAIgG was measured on intact and lysed platelets using an immunoradiometric assay. Platelet-associated IgG was 2-3 times higher when measured on lysed platelets from healthy controls or patients with ITP compared to PAIgG measured on the same intact platelets. The higher level of PAIgG observed following platelet lysis was not due to the reactions not achieving equilibrium. Using lysed platelets, PAIgG was elevated on 29 of 47 samples from different ITP patients and elevated in 31 samples when measured on intact platelets. The PAIgG is invariably higher when measured following platelet lysis compared measurements made on intact platelets. Neither technique offers a diagnostic advantage over the other.
An automatic global-to-local image registration based on SIFT and thin-plate spline (TPS) (2013)

For remote sensing applications, automatic image registration is an essential part for further image processing such as image fusion, change detection and so on. In this paper, we propose an effective and fast automatic image registration based on both global and local method. In the first stage, we extract SIFT features and make the affine transformation with RANSAC, a robust outlier removal method. After the image globally registered, uniform spacing control points are selected in the common area. Through template matching, control points are refined and more local to the image. At last thin-plate spline, a nonrigid image registration transformation function is applied to achieve local matching. The experiment results indicate that this method not only distinctive and robust in overall registration but also significantly improve matching performance in local area1.
A PDA-based interface for a computer supported educational system (2004)

We present a teacher interface for a computer supported educational system that we are developing. This interface was developed over a PDA with wireless network connectivity to be carried by the teacher into the classroom. The first prototype implemented an interface with a virtual keyboard and mouse in order to remotely manage the classroom server and its peripherals. Additionally other features were included, such a remote video projector control and an agenda application. However, users had problems with regard to direct text introduction and mouse sensibility. Knowledge of the domain was acquired from experts in the field of education, and as a result, a new set of project requirements were defined and a second version of the interface has been developed. Its task-oriented design improves usability through minimizing the need for a virtual keyboard and mouse utilization. This system is currently in use in two classrooms in our university.
New control method of resonant DC-DC converter in small scaled photovoltaic system (2003)

The authors describe a control method for a resonant DC-DC converter in a small-scale photovoltaic system linked up with storage batteries. The converter is suitable for tracking control of storage battery charging. The control method and experimental results are presented. Optimum operation was achieved by the application of the improved control circuit presented. With this circuit, it is possible to implement tracking control for various intensities of solar radiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>