gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phoenix: Storage Using an Autonomous Mobile Infrastructure (2013)

We propose a system that makes opportunistic use of mobile computing devices and ad hoc networking to provide a transient storage service to clients in a localized geographical region. The main challenge is to offset the potential data loss caused by node mobility with internode communication. We first argue on the basis of simulation and theory that such a service is feasible, given a sufficiently high density of mobile devices. A distributed communication and storage protocol is then presented for situations where all mobile devices are within communication range of each other, and it is shown through testbed experiments and simulation that the protocol operates correctly and makes efficient use of storage space and communication bandwidth, while maximizing the longevity of stored data.
Measurement of aqueous humor flow by fluorophotometry in the presence of a dilated pupil. (1999)

When the pupil is dilated sufficiently to permit mixing of aqueous humor in the posterior and anterior chambers, fluorescein can leave the system by a posterior route, and its rate of clearance may not be an accurate measure of the net rate of aqueous humor flow through the anterior chamber.
[Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of pancreas: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 19 cases]. (2008)

Malignant changes are not uncommon in IPMN. The prognosis after surgical resection however is better than that of conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The overexpression of p53, p16 and fascin may be related to tumor progression. The possibility of malignant transformation needs to be considered if the Ki-67 index is over 15%. Early recognition by radiologic examination (including ERCP) and pancreatic cytology would be helpful in early diagnosis. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment and long-term post-operative follow up is needed.
Abstract LB-C01: Patient-derived tumor xenografts in humanized NSG-SGM3 mice: A new immuno-oncology platform (2015)

Abstract Humanized mice engrafted with tumors enable in vivo investigation of the interactions between the human immune system and human cancer. We have recently found that humanized NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDX) allow efficacy studies of check-point inhibitors. Next generation NSG strains include triple transgenic NSG mice expressing human cytokines KITLG, CSF2, and IL-3 (NSG-SGM3). Here we provide a direct comparison of check-point inhibitors evaluation in NSG and NSG-SGM3 mice engrafted with CD34+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from the same donor and implanted with PDX tumors. Corroborating earlier studies, reconstitution of human immune system in the blood was faster and more robust in NSG-SGM3 compared to NSG recipients throughout the course of the study (18 weeks). Human CD45+ cells reached 25% of total blood cells at week 4 in hu-NSG-SGM3 mice and at week 9 in hu-NSG mice. A majority of blood hCD45+ cells in hu-NSG-SGM3 at week 4 were CD33+ myeloid cells. Circulating hCD3+ T cells reached 10% at week 9 and included regulatory T cells (Tregs), consistent with earlier studies. Hu-NSG mice displayed comparable hCD3+ T cells in the blood only at 12-15 weeks and did not contain Tregs. PDX tumors were then engrafted into partially HLA-matched hu-NSG-SGM3 mice at 9 weeks post engraftment. Two PDX models previously shown to respond to anti-PD1 therapy in hu-NSG mice, BR1126 and LG1306, were used. Treatment with the anti-PD-1 receptor antibody pembrolizumab (Keytruda) significantly reduced tumor growth in both models. Thus, PDX-bearing hu-NSG-SGM3 mice might serve as a new and improved platform for preclinical immuno-oncology efficacy studies. Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Minan Wang, Jacques Banchereau, Leonard Shultz, Karolina Palucka, James G. Keck. Patient-derived tumor xenografts in humanized NSG-SGM3 mice: A new immuno-oncology platform. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-C01.
Role of the Apt1 Protein in Polysaccharide Secretion by Cryptococcus neoformans (2013)

Flippases are key regulators of membrane asymmetry and secretory mechanisms. Vesicular polysaccharide secretion is essential for the pathogenic mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans. On the basis of the observations that flippases are required for polysaccharide secretion in plants and the putative Apt1 flippase is required for cryptococcal virulence, we analyzed the role of this enzyme in polysaccharide release by C. neoformans, using a previously characterized apt1Δ mutant. Mutant and wild-type (WT) cells shared important phenotypic characteristics, including capsule morphology and dimensions, glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) composition, molecular size, and serological properties. The apt1Δ mutant, however, produced extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a lower GXM content and different size distribution in comparison with those of WT cells. Our data also suggested a defective intracellular GXM synthesis in mutant cells, in addition to changes in the architecture of the Golgi apparatus. These findings were correlated with diminished GXM production during in vitro growth, macrophage infection, and lung colonization. This phenotype was associated with decreased survival of the mutant in the lungs of infected mice, reduced induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine levels, and inefficacy in colonization of the brain. Taken together, our results indicate that the lack of APT1 caused defects in both GXM synthesis and vesicular export to the extracellular milieu by C. neoformans via processes that are apparently related to the pathogenic mechanisms used by this fungus during animal infection.
Mitral pressure half-time: is it a valid measure of orifice area in artificial heart valves? (1993)

The Hatle orifice area formula was derived in patients with significant mitral stenosis and was not intended for use in other situations. Comparisons between it and other methods of estimating orifice area have shown variability in the slope of the regression lines with wide dispersal of data points. There is no relationship in prosthetic valves between pressure half-time and annulus diameter. Pressure half-time is determined by a number of factors other than orifice area, notably left ventricular compliance, the square root of the peak transmitral pressure drop at the start of diastole, and stroke volume. In normal prosthetic valves, therefore, pressure half-time reflects non-prosthetic factors more accurately than orifice area, and other formulae, such as the continuity equation, should be used to assess the latter. A pressure half-time prolonged beyond 200 ms remains a useful indication of obstruction, especially when the peak transmitral velocity is high.
Cellulosic ethanol production using a yeast consortium displaying a minicellulosome and β-glucosidase (2013)

We produced cellulosic ethanol using a cellulolytic yeast consortium, which is composed of cells displaying mini cellulosomes generated via random assembly of CelA and CBHII to a mini CipA, and cells displaying BGLI independently. One of the advantages of this system is that ethanol production can be easily optimized by simply changing the combination ratio of the different populations. In addition, there is no limitation on the number of enzymes to be incorporated into this cellulosome structure. Not only cellulases used in this study, but also any other enzymes, including cellulases and hemicellulases, could be applied just by fusing dockerin domains to the enzymes.
Three-dimensional projection images of the labyrinth acquired with multislab 3DFT fast spin-echo sequence and dual-array surface coil. (1995)

Three-dimensional projection images of the labyrinth acquired with multislab 3DFT fast spin-echo sequence and dual-array surface coil.Y Takehara, K Ichijo, N Tooyama, N Kodaira, T Fujiwara and A NozakiAudio Available | Share
Effect of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>, and Sr<sup>2+</sup> on Alginate Microbeads (2006)

Microcapsules of alginate cross-linked with divalent ions are the most common system for cell immobilization. In this study, we wanted to characterize the effect of different alginates and cross-linking ions on important microcapsule properties. The dimensional stability and gel strength increased for high-G alginate gels when exchanging the traditional Ca2+ ions with Ba2+. The use of Ba2+ decreased the size of alginate beads and reduced the permeability to immunoglobulin G. Strontium gave gels with characteristics lying between calcium and barium. Interestingly, high-M alginate showed an opposite behavior in combination with barium and strontium as these beads were larger than beads of calcium-alginate and tended to swell more, also resulting in increased permeability. Binding studies revealed that different block structures in the alginate bind the ions to a different extent. More specifically, Ca2+ was found to bind to G- and MG-blocks, Ba2+ to G- and M-blocks, and Sr2+ to G-blocks solely.
Solution Selling: Creating Buyers in Difficult Selling Markets (1994)

From the Publisher:
When products or services are hard to describe, intangible, have long sell cycles, or are expensive, chances are they're difficult to sell. In situations like this, conventional sales techniques not only don't help, they may in fact hinder success.
Solution Selling is a process to take the guesswork out of difficult-to-sell, intangible products and services. It enables sellers to make the way they sell as big an advantage as their product or service. After reading this book, salespeople and sales managers will be able to use a well-tested model that guides them through the process of selling. No more smoke and mirrors, blind luck, or high-pressure selling. Just a step-by-step system that ensures a higher rate of success for salespeople and a higher probability that the buyer's expectations will be met.
Construction and expression of bFGF gene eukaryotic cell expression vector (2002)

The present study is aimed at constructing a mammalian basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) recombinant vector for application of bFGF gene therapy in bone tissue engineering. bFGF gene was subcloned into pcDNA3.1 vector from PBR322 vector by means of gene cloning to obtain pcDNA3.1-bFGF plasmid, 3T3 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-bFGF plasmid using Lipofectamine reagent. After 36 hours the transient expression of bFGF was detected. The correct construction of pcDNA3.1-bFGF was identified by means of restriction enzyme analysis, PCR amplification and nucleotide sequence determination. Immunohistochemistry showed parts of transfected cells expressed bFGF in cells (brown staining). The pcDNA3.1-bFGF eukaryotic expression vector was constructed successfully and bFGF can be expressed in 3T3 cells.
Interfacial properties of fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites (1994)

A review of ceramic matrix composites development over the past thirty\nyears is presented, with emphasis placed on their application in gas turbine engine\ncomponents.\nThe fracture mechanics of brittle solids are outlined and the toughening\nmechanisms operating within continuous fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites\nare discussed. The importance of the fibre-matrix interface in governing the overall\nmechanical properties of a composite is highlighted with respect to the\nmicromechanical properties of interface debond fracture surface energy OJ and\nfrictional shear stress t.\nCurrent techniques for measuring OJ and t are listed, together with their\ninherent disadvantages. The requirement for a micro-indentation system that can be\nused to measure interfacial properties via individual fibre pushing experiments across a\nwide range of composite systems, is discussed.\nThe development of a unique Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) based\nmicroindentation system is described in detail. It enables dynamic, high magnification\nimaging of the indentor tip and specimen contact point, and continuously records\napplied load and tip displacement throughout the indentation cycle. A piezoelectric load\ncell, coupled to a specifically developed amplifier, enables load resolution of 2mN\nmeasured up to the maximum possible of 20N. Novel capacitance displacement gauge\ndesign gives a resolution of lOnm over a l00pm range.\nThe instrument has been used successfully to measure the interface\nmicromechanical properties across a wide range of silicon carbide fibre reinforced glass\nand glass ceramic matrix composites. This data has been correlated with interface\nstructural information obtained via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and\nSEM. Effects of oxidation, fatigue testing and interface pre-synthesis via fibre coating,\nhave been measured. Fibres with diameters ranging from 7JJ;mto 150pm have been\ntested to demonstrate the versatility of the device for interfacial property measurement\nacross the full range of modem ceramic matrix composites. Successful attempts have\nbeen made to correlate changes in the interfacial OJ and t to changes in overall\ncomposite mechanical behaviour. Theoretical requirements for values of G, that\nintroduce toughness to composites have been discussed and compared to those\ndetermined by experiment. Variation of t and its effect on matrix micro-cracking and\nthe tough!brittle property transition of a composite has been measured.\nOther applications that exploit the instrument's high resolution and imaging\ncapability have been demonstrated. They include hardness and modulus measurement\nof individual phases in heterogeneous materials, and direct observation of controlled\ncrack growth in ceramic composites.\nIdeas for the development of the instrument into a more versatile SEM\nbased mechanical test facility are proposed.
Low profile filter using open disk dual mode dielectric resonators (1995)

In this paper, a low-profile filter using an open circular dual-mode dielectric resonator is proposed as a filter for a mobile communication base station. The basic configuration of the dielectric resonator consists of two dielectric disks with electrodes on both sides stacked in the axial direction; they are installed in a shielded cavity. The doubly degenerate fundamental mode has an electric field parallel to the axial direction of the dielectric disks, and the resonator can be made low profile without significantly changing the resonant frequency. The equivalent circuit of the dual-mode resonator is given in terms of a ring-shaped transmission line with its electric length of 2°. The equivalent circuit of the multistage filter using this resonant circuit can be designed by the Chebyshev filter design method. A six-stage filter with the center frequency of 985 MHz and the passband width of 10 MHz was fabricated. The results agreed well with those of the simulation. The insertion loss at the center frequency is 1.3 dB, and the external dimensions are 158 × 54 × 23.5 mm.
SU-FF-T-363: Dynamic Tangents and Topotherapy: New Delivery Capabilities for Helical Tomotherapy (2005)

Purpose: Analyze new capabilities for planning and delivery of helical tomotherapy using very loose pitch and also fix angle gantry deliveries while the couch is moving in and out of the gantry. Compare these deliveries respect to typical helical tomotherapy deliveries created using small pitch. Method and Materials: In a typical tomotherapy plan, the delivery is achieved using a binary (MLC) in a rotating gantry while the couch is moving with pitch typically smaller than 1. In this manuscript two new planning and delivery capabilities were developed. The first one, topotherapy has the gantry fixed at few angles (no rotation) while the couch moves and the MLC modulate the beam. After the delivery of a direction is finished the gantry move to a new fix position and the same process is repeated. In the second method, dynamic tangents, the gantry is rotating slowly in an small arc and the couch is moving while the leaves are modulating. The techniques were used in simulated breast treatments. Results: Topotherapy and dynamic tangent are good alternatives for plans where the more important beam directions are easily determined. In topotherapy, pitch regulates the degree of modulation inferior-superior. The dynamic tangents technique can achieve the same level of target coverage as topotherapy. However, dynamic tangents can further reduce the dose to surrounding normal tissues. Both techniques can achieve very uniform dose distributions without increasing the dose to normal tissues. Conclusion: Helical tomotherapy allows delivering very sophisticated plans. However, for certain anatomical sites where the number of beam directions will not impact the plan quality (such as breast, palliative, AP-PA, etc) topotherapy and dynamic tangents can be implemented more efficiently. For these simple cases, good dose uniformity and coverage can also be achieved without compromising normal tissue irradiation. Conflict of Interest: TomoTherapy-Inc.
Pseudoperiodic driving: Eliminating multiple domains of attraction using chaos (1991)

The basins of attraction of period-2 attractors can be subdivided into two domains, one for each of the stable trajectories which are one drive cycle apart. This generalizes to period-n attractors. Periodic drive signals can be replaced by certain chaotic signals which results in the elimination of multiple domains of attraction. The attractors are similar to the original ones, but two systems on the same attractor cannot get out of phase with each other.
Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils: biochemical and ultrastructural effects of methylene blue. (1973)

Abstract Methylene blue (MB) which is known to stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt-linked oxidative metabolism in neutrophils caused a marked increase in nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction by these cells in normal adults and in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. This finding confirms that phagocytosis of particulate matter is not essential for the reduction of NBT by neutrophils or for the entry of tetrazolium dye into these cells. Experiments with cell-free systems showed that MB can act as an electron carrier between NBT and 2 pyridine nucleotides important in the oxidative pathway of neutrophils, NADH and NADPH. Localization of reduced NBT was observed by light and electron microscopy in leukocytes stimulated with MB, in leukocytes of a newborn infant, and in those of a child with acute bacterial infection. Reduced NBT was seen mostly in the cytoplasm on or near the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of neutrophils and monocytes.
Pyrrolopyridazine nucleosides. The synthesis of certain 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyridazin‐4(5<i>H</i>)‐ones (1990)

Abstract Nucleosides of pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐ones were prepared by the single‐phase sodium salt glycosylation of appropriately functionalized pyrrole precursors. The glycosylation of the sodium salt of ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐formyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 4 ), or its azomethino derivative 7 , with 1‐bromo‐2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranose in acetonitrile afforded the corresponding substituted pyrrole nucleosides ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐formyl‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 5 ) and ethyl 4,5‐dichloro‐2‐phenylazomethino‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 8 ), respectively. The latter, upon treatment with hydrazine, afforded the annulated product 2,3‐dichloro‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 6 ), in good yield. The unsubstituted analog 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyridazin‐4(5 H )‐one ( 9 ), was obtained upon catalytic dehalogenation of 6 . This report represents the first example of the synthesis of nucleosides of pyrrolopyridazines.
An exciton-polariton laser based on biologically produced fluorescent protein (2016)

Microcavities filled with biologically produced green fluorescent protein show polariton condensation at room temperature.
Transcriptional Activity of Human Papillomavirus Type 31b Enhancer Is Regulated through Synergistic Interaction of AP1 with Two Novel Cellular Factors (1995)

Transcription of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is regulated by enhancer sequences located in the upstream regulatory region. The factors regulating expression of one of the high risk genital HPV types, HPV 31b, were investigated using transient expression and protein binding assays. A region of 262 base pairs in length was identified as the minimal functional enhancer and a series of five protected binding sites were observed by footprint analyses. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that AP1, Oct-1, as well as three novel factors bound these sequences. Mutational analyses indicated that AP1 synergistically activated the HPV31b enhancer together with either of two novel factors. One of these novel factors bound a sequence similar to an NF1 site but was distinct from NF-1. The second factor bound sequences bearing similarity to KRF-1 binding sites which have previously been characterized in HPV 18. Competition binding assays demonstrated that this factor was not identical to KRF-1. Additional studies implicated Oct-1 as a negative regulator of HPV 31b expression as mutation of Oct-1 binding sequences resulted in an increase in viral expression. None of the factors observed to be important for HPV 31b enhancer activity was found exclusively in epithelial cells and instead were detected in a variety of cell types. Of these factors, AP1 binding correlated most strongly with enhancer function in a variety of cell types, implicating it as a principal regulator of HPV expression. Variations in the constituents of the AP1 complex that bind the HPV 31b enhancer were also observed in different cell types, suggesting that changes in the distribution of jun proteins may play a significant role in determining the tropism of HPV. These results indicate that AP1 may be a common regulator for various HPV types and that it contributes to enhancer specificity. In addition, a set of novel factors, which may be specific for each HPV type, act synergistically with AP1 for full activation of the enhancer.
A GaN differential oscillator with improved harmonic performance (2005)

The first AlGaN/GaN HEMT based differential oscillator is reported.The MMIC oscillates at a frequency of 4.16 GHz and provides 22.9 dBm of power from one side at a biasing of V gs 1 V and V ds 20 V. The HEMTs each have a 0.7 m 200 m gate.The second harmonic is 45 dB below the carrier and the third harmonic is more than 70 dB below the carrier.To our knowledge, this is the best reported harmonic performance for a GaN oscillator.The oscillator efficiency is between 4% and 9.4% depending on bias.The measured phase noise is 86 3 dBc and 115 7 dBc at offsets of 100 kHz and 1 MHz respectively.The phase noise at a 1 MHz offset is similar to the noise performance of FET based differential oscillators in other technologies.