gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 on Longitudinal Bone Growth* (1998)

In vivo, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) inhibits longitudinal bone growth. Similarly, activating FGF receptor 3 mutations impair growth in achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we chose a fetal rat metatarsal organ culture system that would maintain growth plate histological architecture. Addition of FGF-2 to the serum-free medium inhibited longitudinal growth. We next assessed each major component of longitudinal growth: proliferation, cellular hypertrophy, and cartilage matrix synthesis. Surprisingly, FGF-2 stimulated proliferation, as assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. However, autoradiographic studies demonstrated that this increased proliferation occurred only in the perichondrium, whereas decreased labeling was seen in the proliferative and epiphyseal chondrocytes. FGF-2 also caused a marked decrease in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes. To assess cartilage matrix synthesis, we measured 35SO4 incorporation into newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans. Low concentrations (10 ng/ml) of FGF-2 stimulated cartilage matrix production, but high concentrations (1000 ng/ml) inhibited matrix production. We conclude that FGF-2 inhibits longitudinal bone growth by three mechanisms: decreased growth plate chondrocyte proliferation, decreased cellular hypertrophy, and, at high concentrations, decreased cartilage matrix production. These effects may explain the impaired growth seen in patients with achondroplasia and related skeletal dysplasias.
Aggregation of nitrogen in diamond, including platelet formation (1981)

Abstract Nitrogen occurs in most natural diamonds in concentrations of up to 0.3 at. %. In about 0.1% of diamonds, the nitrogen occurs as single substitutional atoms but in most diamonds aggregates of two or more nitrogen atoms occur. The various types of aggregate have been identified by detailed study of optical absorption spectra and by other methods. This paper describes experiments in which synthetic diamonds, containing substantial quantities of nitrogen in the form of single substitutional atoms, have been heated to cause aggregation. All the aggregates found in natural diamonds have been produced under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure. Of particular interest has been the formation of platelets which are found in type 1 natural diamonds in the {100} planes. Several experiments suggest strongly that these platelets are large aggregates of nitrogen atoms. To obtain aggregation in a reasonable time, the mobility of the nitrogen atoms was increased by irradiating the diamonds with 2 MeV electrons before heating. This irradiation produced numerous vacancies and interstitial atoms in the diamond lattice. Even so, temperatures of up to 2200°C were necessary to produce the required rapid motion of the nitrogen atoms. To prevent graphitization of the diamond at these temperatures, the specimens were subjected to a pressure of 8.5 GPa during the heating. The experiments establish the sequence of the aggregation of nitrogen atoms in diamond and are relevant to the understanding of the conditions under which aggregation occurred in natural diamonds. It seems probable that, for some diamonds at least, the interval between their formation and their ejection to the surface of the earth was very short on a geological time-scale.
Dilactame und Diamino‐monocarbonsäuren aus Lactamfettsäuren (1959)

Abstract Durch Ringschluß von Piperidon‐(2)‐[β‐propionsäure]‐(6) bzw. 2‐Oxo‐hexamethylenimin‐[β‐propionsäure]‐(7) entstehen die Dilactame 1‐Aza‐2.9‐dioxobicyclo‐[4.3.0]‐nonan und 1‐Aza‐2.10‐dioxo‐bicyclo‐[5.3.0]‐decan. Bei Einwirkung von Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure auf die eben genannten Lactamfettsäuren bildet sich δ.ω‐Diamino‐önanthsäure bzw. ϵ .ω‐Diamino‐caprylsäure.
Generalized Synthesis of Metal Phosphide Nanorods via Thermal Decomposition of Continuously Delivered Metal−Phosphine Complexes Using a Syringe Pump (2005)

We synthesized uniform-sized nanorods of transition metal phosphides from the thermal decomposition of continuously delivered metal-phosphine complexes using a syringe pump. MnP nanorods with dimensions of 8 nm x 16 nm and 6 nm x 22 nm sized were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Mn-TOP complex, which was prepared from the reaction of Mn(2)(CO)(10) and tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP), using a syringe pump with constant injection rates of 10 and 20 mL/h, respectively. When Co-TOP complex, which was prepared from the reaction of cobalt acetylacetonate and TOP, was reacted in a mixture solvent composed of octyl ether and hexadecylamine at 300 degrees C using a syringe pump, uniform 2.5 nm x 20 nm sized Co(2)P nanorods were generated. When cobaltocene was employed as a precursor, uniform Co(2)P nanorods with 5 nm x 15 nm were obtained. When Fe-TOP complex was added to trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) at 360 degrees C using a syringe pump and then allowed to age at 360 degrees C for 30 min, uniform-sized FeP nanorods with an average dimension of 12 nm x 500 nm were produced. Nickel phosphide (Ni(2)P) nanorods with 4 nm x 8 nm were synthesized successfully by thermally decomposing the Ni-TOP complex, which was synthesized by reacting acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)(2)] and TOP. We measured the magnetic properties of these nanorods, and some of the nanorods exhibited different magnetic characteristics compared to the bulk counterparts.
A Novel Neutral Red Derivative for Applications in High-Performance Red-Emitting Electroluminescent Devices (2003)

A new compound with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characterneutral red derivative (I)was designed and synthesized. The new compound is strongly fluorescent in nonpolar and moderately polar solvents. Using this material as a dopant, we fabricated electroluminescent (EL) devices with a structure of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass/N,N‘-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N‘-diphenyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-4,4‘-diamine (NPB) (60 nm)/tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3):dopant (30 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/Mg−Ag (200 nm). The device showed orange-to-red EL emission with good efficiency and high brightness. The device with a doping concentration of 1 wt % exhibited a high brightness of 18400 cd/m2 at a driving voltage of 13 V, and the current efficiency is 5.2 cd/A at a current density of 20 mA/cm2. An important feature of the device is its fairly constant current efficiency over a wide range of current density from 1 mA/cm2 to as high as 500 mA/cm2 at different doping concentrations. The current devices show obvious advantages over many reported red-emitting OLEDs, which show significant drops in efficiency as the current density and/or dopant concentration increases. The present red dopant is particularly suitable for passive-matrix display applications where a high excitation density is required.
Supporting Early Literacy with Augmented Books – Experiences with an Exploratory Study (2007)

Abstract: We here report on a study exploring the use of augmented books for early literacy education. Children aged 6-7 interacted alone and in pairs with an AR-book. The study was iterated with two groups with different reading skills and socio-economic backgrounds. Educators and researchers put hope in new technologies to enhance and support chil-dren’s learning. One such technology may be Augmented Reality, which allows the user to view and manipulate virtual 3D objects in a real-world environment. An area of high educational relevance is literacy as a basic cultural technique enabling participation in society. With interest in books declining educators need to explore means to boost chil-dren’s motivation to read and to support the development of reading skills. Augmented Reality (AR) provides an opportunity to integrate interactive sequences into books and to make them ‘come to life’. The notion of an ‘augmented book ’ was pro-posed with the MagicBook [BK01] and inspires researchers and educators alike as a means to enhance books with interactive visualizations, animations, 3D graphics, and simulations [Sh02]. Educators expect augmented books to provide a better understanding
A configurable-hardware document-similarity classifier to detect web attacks (2010)

This paper describes our approach to adapting a text document similarity classifier based on the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) metric to reconfigurable hardware. The TFIDF classifier is used to detect web attacks in HTTP data. In our reconfigurable hardware approach, we design a streaming, real-time classifier by simplifying an existing sequential algorithm and manipulating the classifier's model to allow decision information to be represented compactly. We have developed a set of software tools to help automate the process of converting training data to synthesizable hardware and to provide a means of trading off between accuracy and resource utilization. The Xilinx Virtex 5-LX implementation requires two orders of magnitude less memory than the original algorithm. At 166MB/s (80X the software) the hardware implementation is able to achieve Gigabit network throughput at the same accuracy as the original algorithm.
Antioxidant and Other Biological Activities of Olive Mill Waste Waters (1999)

During olive oil production, large volumes of water are generated and subsequently discarded. Olives contain a variety of bioactive components, and some of them, according to their partition coefficients, end up in the water phase. The current investigation aimed at comparing different methods for the extraction of biologically active components of the olive mill waste waters (OMWW) and evaluating the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the resulting extracts. The results indicate that OMWW extracts are able to inhibit human LDL oxidation (a process involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis) and to scavenge superoxide anions and hypochlorous acid at concentrations as low as 20 ppm. Finally, two of the three extracts also inhibited the production of leukotrienes by human neutrophils. The potency of the extracts depended on their degree of refinement: extracts containing only low molecular weight phenols were the most effective.
Blood flow images by a SAW-based multigate Doppler system (1988)

Multigate operation of an ultrasound pulsed Doppler flowmeter, providing Doppler frequency detection in a number of adjacent sample volumes, is capable of displaying the instantaneous blood velocity distribution along the cross section of a sonified vessel. Real-time serial Doppler processing of 32 range cells has been implemented in a novel system using fast spectral analysis based on surface-acoustic wave (SAW) dispersive filters. The basic architecture and first in vitro experiments were reported previously. The in vivo application of the system is described here, and images of human carotid artery and jugular vein are presented. Appropriate display formats are introduced to use the great amount of information known on spatial and temporal behavior of flow profiles. Digital postprocessing of spectral Doppler data allows velocity profiles to be displayed at selected times to correlate spatial and temporal evolution. A color code can be used to represent different velocity strengths. The potential application of the system to two-dimensional (2-D) flow imaging is discussed.
Role of surface bonding on liquid-crystal alignment at metal surfaces (1989)

The alignment of a nematic liquid crystal, 4'-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB), on several smooth metal (Cr, Cu, Ag, and Au) surfaces was observed experimentally. Perpendicular (homeotropic) induced alignment was observed for Cu and Ag boundary layers, whereas parallel alignment was observed for Cr and Au. These differences are discussed in relation to the differences in chemical bonding interactions at the surfaces as described by theoretical calculations performed for the cases of Cu, Cr, and Au. Several differences in orbital interactions, as well as a sensitivity to bonding configurations, are illustrated with the aid of extended H\"uckel calculations on hypothetical organometallic complexes and extended-H\"uckel--tight-binding calculations of the interface for parallel versus perpendicular adsorbate orientations.
Molecular Imaging of Cancer Cells Using Plasmon‐Resonant‐Enhanced Third‐Harmonic‐Generation in Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

We demonstrate molecule-specific third-harmonic-generation (THG) microscopy by using silver nanoparticles as THG contrast agents. Through matching surface plasmon wavelength to THG wavelength, strong contrast can be provided by silver nanoparticles under THG microscopy. By conjugating anti-her2 antibodies with silver nanoparticles, the expression of the Her2/neu oncogene in the cancer cell membranes is successfully imaged under THG modality for the first time.
COMPARISON OF THE MORTALITY AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF TWO MODELS OF SEPSIS: LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VS. CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (2000)

Sepsis remains a serious clinical problem despite intense efforts to improve survival. Experimental animal models of sepsis have responded dramatically to immunotherapy blocking the activity of cytokines. Despite these preclinical successes, human clinical trials have not demonstrated any improvement in survival. We directly compared the mortality, morbidity, and immunopathology in two models of sepsis, one due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the other to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 250 microg of LPS or subjected to CLP with an 18-gauge needle. Both models yielded similar mortality (> 85%) and morbidity. Additionally, neutropenia and lymphopenia developed in both groups. Plasma and peritoneal levels of cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and the chemokines KC and MIP-2) were measured at 1.5, 4, and 8 h after challenge. LPS induced substantially higher levels of cytokines in both compartments with peak levels between 1.5 and 4 h that began to decline at 8 h. In contrast, cytokine levels in the CLP model were continuing to increase at the 8 h-time point and often exceeded the LPS-induced values at this time. Our data demonstrate that the LPS and CLP models have similar mortality but significant differences in the kinetics and magnitude of cytokine production. Immunotherapy for sepsis based on cytokine production after LPS challenge is misdirected because the LPS model does not accurately reproduce the cytokine profile of sepsis.
ISO 9000 Quality Standards: (1996)

Quality Control has become increasingly important for companies to stay competitive within the global trade community. In 1987 the European Community implemented the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)9000 series of quality standards to identify and standarize quality definitions and control methods. Third-party certification through authorized registrars is necessary for compliance. Management must consider the costs in time and labor required by compliance with ISO 9000, and must become familiar with the process of certification and registration. Ultimately, compliance with ISO 9000 can lead to increased competitiveness for American companies within the global market. A list of organizations, publications, and Internet sites dealing with ISO 9000 offers resources for future investigation.
Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Bone Formation in<i>Vitro</i>* (1979)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a peptide isolated from mouse submaxillary glands which stimulates cell proliferation, was examined for its effects on bone formation in vitro. To study the effect of EGF on bone formation, we examined its effects on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, [3H]uridine into RNA, and [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible (CDP) and noncollagen protein as well as on DNA content in cultured 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria. EGF caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA at concentrations of 0.1–10 ng/ml and increased the total DNA content. The effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation first appeared at 3 h, was maximal at 18 h, and was sustained for up to 96 h. The effect of EGF was opposed by cortisol. EGF had a small stimulatory effect on [3H]uridine incorporation, related to an increase in uptake of the label. EGF (1–100 ng/ml) caused a dose-related inhibition of the incorporation of [3H]proline into CDP without affecting noncollagen protein. The effect on CDP appeared at 12 h and was sustained for 96 h. Cortisol did not alter the inhibitory effect of EGF on CDP at 24 h, while labeled CDP was greater with EGF and cortisol than with cortisol alone at 96 h. EGF decreased the labeling of CDP in the presence of insulin and serum. Histological sections showed an increase in mitotic index after colcemid arrest and in periosteal fibroblastic proliferation in EGF-treated bones. The effect of EGF on [3H]thymidine incorporation, but not on CDP labeling, was opposed by theophylline and isobutylmethylxanthine. Our studies indicate that EGF stimulates DNA synthesis in bone and inhibits bone collagen synthesis in vitro.
Breast Cancers With Brain Metastases are More Likely to be Estrogen Receptor Negative, Express the Basal Cytokeratin CK5/6, and Overexpress HER2 or EGFR (2006)

Brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the current study, we have examined a cohort of breast cancer patients who went on to develop BM for clinical-pathologic features and predictive markers that identify this high-risk subgroup of patients at the time of diagnosis. The primary tumors from 55 patients who developed BM were used to construct a tissue microarray. The clinical and pathologic features were recorded and the tissue microarray was stained for estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, cytokeratin 5/6, and epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry. This cohort of patients was compared against a group of 254 patients who remain free of metastases (67 mo mean follow-up), and another cohort of 40 patients who developed mixed visceral and bone metastatic disease without brain recurrence over a similar period of time. Breast cancer patients who went on to develop BM were more likely to be <50 years old (P<0.001), and the primary tumors were more likely to be estrogen receptor negative (P<0.001) and high grade (P=0.002). The primary tumors were also more likely to express cytokeratin 5/6 (P<0.001) and epidermal growth factor receptor (P=0.001), and to overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (P=0.001). The data presented above suggest a profile for breast cancer patients at increased risk for developing BM. Predictive factors to help identify patients with metastatic breast cancer who are at an increased risk for developing central nervous system recurrence might allow for screening of this population for early detection and treatment or for the development of targeted strategies for prevention.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filters With Hybrid Microstrip/Slotline Structures (2007)

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter is presented using back-to-back microstrip-slotline transition and triple-mode slotline resonator. A uniform slotline resonator is constructed with a length of one full wavelength at the central frequency. Two microstrip feed lines are then placed above the slotline resonator to make up a back-to-back microstrip-slotline transition, where two intersection points are equally located at one quarter-wavelength away from two short-ends. By properly stretching the microstrip line lengths, an ultra-wide passband is constituted with the lower/upper cut-off edges dominated by the first/third resonant modes.By forming a W-shaped slotline resonator, introducing a cross coupling and cascading two lowpass filters, two UWB bandpass filters with improved out-of-band performances are designed, fabricated and measured. Measured results achieve a 2.56-to-10.90 GHz or 124% passband with return loss >12.04 dB, group delay variation <0.58 ns, sharpened rejection skirts and extended upper-stopband.
Chiral Metal Complexes as Discriminating Molecular Catalysts (1990)

As molecular recognition continues to gain importance in the biological and physical sciences as well as in the technologies of molecular electronics and optics, so has the need for efficient syntheses of chiral molecules. Chemists are fulfilling this need through use of chiral organometallic molecules. These chiral metal complexes precisely discriminate between enantiotopic atoms, groups, or faces in achiral molecules and catalyze production of a broad array of natural or unnatural substances of excellent enantiomeric purity. Because of their ability to efficiently multiply chirality, even on an industrial level, these catalysts promise to exert a general impact on molecular science and engineering.
Power consumption of A/D converters for software radio applications (2000)

An "ideal" software radio receiver is often considered as an analog/digital (A/D) converter connected directly to an antenna. This paper analyzes this ideal approach in terms of the power consumption of the A/D converter, based on a theoretical analysis of its minimum possible value. The results indicate that for the number of bits required to cope with the slow and fast fading environments and consequent large dynamic range encountered in a mobile radio system, the power consumption of the A/D converter is a fundamental limitation.