gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacture of glass composites reinforced with long and short fibres by extrusion (1988)

In the case of fibre-reinforced glass composites the glass matrix is the property-determining component, i.e., in the first place the composite possesses the characteristic properties of the glass. The embedded fibres serve for increasing the strength, the work of fracture and thus, the toughness of the glass. In contrast to the manufacture of composites by hot pressing, the extrusion method produces samples with high length-to-diameter ratios. The continuous flowing of the glass melt within the deformation zone and within the die channel leads to a preferential orientation of the fibres parallel to the direction of extrusion. Since the processing temperature is rather low compared with hot pressing, a thermal damage of the fibres can nearly be avoided. The manufacture of the glass composites is shown exemplarily for the embedding of continuous and discontinuous SiC fibres. The desizing, the impregnation of the long fibres and the homogeneous mixing of the short fibres with the glass powder are introduced and explained. This is followed by a schematic description of the extrusion method for both kinds of reinforcement. By means of some composite rods produced in this way the principal suitability of this processing for the unidirectional aligning of the reinforcing component is shown. The improvement of properties achieved by embedding the fibres into the samples is demonstrated by measured impact strength values.
Expression of beta-galactosidase in neurons of dorsal root ganglia which are latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (1995)

Explanation into culture of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes reactivation of the virus. Previous studies have suggested that either latency-associated transcripts (LATs) were removed as an early consequence of reactivation or, alternatively, there was a population of latently infected cells which did not contain LATs. We have now attempted to detect this population of neurons by inserting a reporter gene (Escherichia coli lacZ gene), under the control of promoters other than LAT, into the HSV-1 strain 17 mutant in 1814, which was used in the earlier studies. One of these promoters, the human cytomegalovirus enhancer, resulted in weak expression of beta-galactosidase in DRG neurons for at least 5 months. The pattern of staining was predominantly homogeneous in neurons at 3 or 5 days post-infection or at 3 days post-explanation, and was predominantly speckled in latently infected neurons (1 to 5 months post-infection). About 30% of the beta-galactosidase-positive neurons did not contain LATs by in situ hybridization. However, the detergents used to enable penetration of the substrate for beta-galactosidase had also reduced the levels of the LATs; in neurons which originally had only small numbers of LATs this may have reduced levels to below those detectable by the methods used. There was, therefore, no unequivocal evidence for a population of latently HSV-1-infected cells which did not express LATs.
An Active-Sensing Approach to Channel Vector Subspace Estimation in mm-Wave Massive MIMO Systems (2015)

Millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) cellular systems are a promising option for a very high data rate communication because of the large bandwidth available at mm-Wave frequencies. Due to the large path-loss exponent in the mm-Wave range of the spectrum, directional beamforming with a large antenna gain is necessary at the transmitter, the receiver or both for capturing sufficient signal power. This in turn implies that fast and robust channel estimation plays a central role in systems performance since without a reliable estimate of the channel state the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would be much lower than the minimum necessary for a reliable communication. In this paper, we mainly focus on single-antenna users and a multi-antenna base-station. We propose an adaptive sampling scheme to speed up the user's signal subspace estimation. In our scheme, the beamforming vector for taking every new sample is adaptively selected based on all the previous beamforming vectors and the resulting output observations. We apply the theory of optimal design of experiments in statistics to design an adaptive algorithm for estimating the signal subspace of each user. The resulting subspace estimates for different users can be exploited to efficiently communicate to the users and to manage the interference. We cast our proposed algorithm as low-complexity optimization problems, and illustrate its efficiency via numerical simulations.
Binding of Annexin V to Membrane Products of Lipid Peroxidation (2001)

There is increasing evidence that endogenously generated aldehydes formed as a result of lipid peroxidation are involved in the pathophysiological effects associated with oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a major product of lipid peroxidation, can modify amines present on the cell surface and thereby introduce negative charges that can affect the interfacial ionic layer. We show that lipid peroxidation of RBC generates MDA adducts that, similar to phosphatidylserine (PS), bind annexin V in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Like PS, these adducts also promote the "PS-dependent" prothrombinase assays, albeit to lower levels. These results indicate that annexin V binding cannot be used as an exclusive indicator of cell surface PS and raise the possibility that some phenomenon attributed to PS may, in fact, also involve aldehyde-lipid adducts.
Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss in a Large North American Family (1996)

Forty-nine members of a family with autosomal-dominant progressive sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated by audiologists, otologists, and geneticists. The results presented here show a nonsyndromic, autosomal-dominant mutation causing progressive sensorineural hearing loss beginning at about age 20 and becoming profound by approximately age 45. Because of the unambiguous nature of the hearing loss, the size of the family, and the availability of two previously described temporal bones from family members, a fairly complete description of the nature and impact of this mutation will be presented.
Radiation performance of low bend-loss optical fiber for gyroscope applications (2014)

In this presentation we will describe the effect of radiation on a low bend loss, polarization maintaining (PM) fiber for an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG). Our experimental design for exploring radiation effects incorporated unusual steps up and down in temperature during irradiation in order to further elucidate the radiation darkening mechanism. While the experiments showed that the fiber was radiation hard, and the step had the desired effect of increasing the statistical precision of the model, it also showed the surprising result that in addition to accelerating the annealing of defects, increased temperature accelerates the formation of loss-causing defects during irradiation.
Using high pass sigma-delta modulation for Class-S power amplifiers (2007)

Switching power amplifiers offer the potential for superior efficiencies if used at radio frequencies. However many existing bandpass architectures require a switching frequency four times that of the signal, making implementation difficult. In this paper we propose to use a high-pass sigma-delta modulator to reduce the switching rate to only twice of the signal. We will present a solution to the problem of the reflected image and demonstrate it's viability for use in mobile telephony.
Determination of fluoride in toothpaste using an ion-selective electrode (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of fluoride in toothpaste using an ion-selective electrodeTruman S. Light and Carleton C. Cappuccino Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 4, 247Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1975Published inissue 1 April 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p247RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views7236Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
HYDROGEN FUEL READY FOR BUS FLEET (1978)

A practical scheme to operate a fleet of city buses on hydrogen is being studied by Daimler-Benz at the Metal Physics section of its R&D department in Stuttgart. It features a duplex gas storage system using a low-temperature metal hydride (TiFe-hydride) for cold starts and warm-up operation, and a high-temperat5ure one (Mg//2Ni-hydride) of greater absorption capacity for normal running. This could give the vehicles a range of 400 km on one charge. The hydrogen project offers environmental benefits since there are virtually no engine exhaust emissions. Only minor engine modifications are needed, and combustion efficiency and performance are the same as, or even better than, with gasoline, according to Daimler-Benz, air conditioning or heating could be provided as a by-product without any additional equipment or power drain, and can function even with the engine stopped. On a mileage/weight basis, metal hydrides have five or six times the energy density of lead-acid batteries, but only about 5.5% to 22.5% that of gasoline. On this basis hydrogen is not competitive, and can be regarded as an alternate fuel only in special situations.
Amiodarone and Miltefosine Act Synergistically against <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> and Can Induce Parasitological Cure in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (2009)

Leishmaniasis is parasitic disease that is an important problem of public health worldwide. Intramuscularly administered glucantime and pentostam are the most common drugs used for treatment of this disease, but they have significant limitations due to toxicity and increasing resistance. A recent breakthrough has been the introduction of orally administered miltefosine for the treatment of visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, but the relative high cost and concerns about teratogenicity have limited the use of this drug. Searching for alternative drugs, we previously demonstrated that the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone is active against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, acting via disruption of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis (specifically at the mitochondrion and the acidocalcisomes of these parasites) and through inhibition of the parasite's de novo sterol biosynthesis (X. Serrano-Martín, Y. García-Marchan, A. Fernandez, N. Rodriguez, H. Rojas, G. Visbal, and G. Benaim, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53:1403-1410, 2009). In the present work, we found that miltefosine also disrupts the parasite's intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, in this case by inducing a large increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels, probably through the activation of a plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel. We also investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of amiodarone and miltefosine, used alone or in combination, on L. mexicana. It was found that the drug combination had synergistic effects on the proliferation of intracellular amastigotes growing inside macrophages and led 90% of parasitological cures in a murine model of leishmaniasis, as revealed by a PCR assay using a novel DNA sequence specific for L. mexicana.
Novel X-Ray Source Using Rear Side X-Ray Emission from the Foil Target (1996)

Development of a novel and compact x-ray source is described. The first direct evidence of $L$-shell x-ray transport through an Al foil target was determined by observing the soft x-ray spectra from the rear side and this is explained in terms of ionization burnthrough. In contrast to other work, the x-ray spectral profile from the rear side of the target obtained in this experiment was similar to that from the front side and hence was quite simple in comparison to that reported elsewhere. Our experimental results show that x rays from the rear side of the target will be a very attractive x-ray source. Some advantages and its application to x-ray microscopy are suggested.
Elastic properties and strength of a novel small-diameter, compliant polyurethane vascular graft. (1989)

Tensile properties and pressure-diameter-axial force relations of a newly developed small-diameter arterial graft were determined and compared to those of commercially available grafts and natural arteries. The material was synthesized from 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polytetramethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide, chain-extended with ethylene glycol. Porous conduits (3-mm internal diameter) were fabricated of this material by means of a phase separation technique, and their outer surfaces were covered with woolly polyester net in order to prevent excessive dilation. Mechanical tests indicated that the polyurethane graft has distensibility and strength similar to that of natural arteries, and has been proved to be useful for the arterial reconstruction, particularly for the replacement of small-diameter blood vessels.
Accelerated transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes by partially fed vector ticks (1993)

To determine how rapidly Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) can be transmitted by partially fed vector ticks (Ixodes dammini), attached nymphs were removed from their hosts at various intervals post-attachment and subsequently permitted to re-feed to repletion on noninfected mice. We confirm previous reports that ticks deposit Lyme disease spirochetes in the skin of their hosts mainly after 2 days of attachment. Those that have been removed from a host within this interval can reattach and commence feeding. Spirochete-infected nymphs that have previously been attached to a host for 1 day become infectious to other hosts within another day. Noninfected nymphs acquire infection from spirochete-infected hosts within a day of attachment and become infectious to other hosts 3 to 5 days later. Virtually all ticks transmitted infection when reattaching after first feeding for 2 days. We conclude that partially fed nymphal ticks transmit spirochetal infection more rapidly than do ticks that have never been attached to a host and that infected ticks become infectious before they molt.
Cell integrated thin-film multi-junction thermocouple array for in-situ temperature monitoring of solid oxide fuel cells (2015)

A thin-film multi-junction thermocouple array was developed and tested for multi-point simultaneous temperature measurements from an operating SOFC stack. The array requires only {N+1} number of wires/ thermo-elements for N number of independent temperature measuring points. Hence, it requires less number of lead wires than any available contact-temperature sensor requires for the same number of measurements. Because the multi-junction thermocouple array operates on the same principle of a conventional thermocouple, the Seebeck effect, it shares all the merits of a thermocouple. A thin-film multi-junction thermocouple array was sputter deposited on the cathode of a SOFC test cell and tested and evaluated up to 10500C from 200C. Temperature measured from the thermocouple array was compared with that from a commercial thermocouple placed adjacent to it during the test; they were in very good agreement within the entire temperature range that a SOFC stack generally operates.
Photodynamic therapy of age‐related macular degeneration and atherosclerosis (1989)

Abstract In photodynamic therapy, a photosensitizing dye restrictively localized to certain sites in the biological milieu, is activated by visible light to selectively destroy the stained structures. Although primarily investigated for necroting malignant tumors, this approach suggests also potential in treating other pathological conditions such as age‐related macular degeneration and atherosclerosis. Until recently, hematoporphyring derivative was practically the only dye investigated for photodynamic therapy. The use of phthalocyanine dyes is being explored as a superior alternative photosensitizer for treatment of these diseases.
Pseudo-eleostearic Acid (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPseudo-eleostearic AcidJ. P. Kass and G. O. BurrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 12, 3292–3294Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01267a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rough set-aided keyword reduction for text categorization (2001)

The volume of electronically stored information increases exponentially as the state of the art progresses. Automated information filtering (IF) and information retrieval (IR) systems are therefore acquiring rapidly increasing prominence. However, such systems sacrifice efficiency to boost effectiveness. Such systems typically have to cope with sets of vectors of many tens of thousands of dimensions. Rough set (RS) theory can be applied to reducing the dimensionality of data used in IF/IR tasks, by providing a measure of the information content of datasets with respect to a given classification. This can aid IF/IR systems that rely on the acquisition of large numbers of term weights or other measures of relevance. This article investigates the applicability of RS theory to the IF/IR application domain and compares this applicability with respect to various existing TC techniques. The ability of the approach to generalize, given a minimum of training data is also addressed. The background of RS theory is presented, with an illustrative example to demonstrate the operation of the RS-based dimensionality reduction. A modular system is proposed which allows the integration of this technique with a large variety of different IF/IR approaches. The example application, categorization of E-mail messages, is described. Systematic experiments and their results are reported and analyzed.
Optics and Communication Theory (1953)

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application to optics of some mathematical techniques originally developed for the analysis of electric networks and other communications problems. Two general aspects of communication theory may be so applied.The first of these is electrical network theory. This may be further subdivided. First there is the standard treatment of the response of networks to individual signals by means of Fourier analysis. The optical analogue of this is the analysis of images, also by Fourier transform techniques. Second, there is the statistical network theory initiated by N. Wiener and developed by Y. W. Lee. One aspect of this theory is the design of optimum linear systems for separating a signal from a noise. This is relevant to the problem of the removal of grain from photographs.The second aspect of communication theory which is relevant in optics is the general statistical information theory of Shannon and Wiener. This is especially valuable in the analysis of scanning systems treating signals and noise.The autocorrelation function of a picture is useful in both kinds of analysis, and will be discussed.
Loss of the Brm-Type SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex Is a Strong Barrier to the Tat-Independent Transcriptional Elongation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcripts (2009)

To elucidate the epigenetic regulation of Tat-independent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription following proviral integration, we constructed an HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-based replication-defective viral vector that expresses a reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) product from its intact long terminal repeat (LTR). We transduced this construct into human tumor cell lines that were either deficient in or competent for the Brm-type SWI/SNF complex. One day after transduction, single cells that expressed GFP were sorted, and the GFP expression profiles originating from each of these clones were analyzed. Unlike clones of the SWI/SNF-competent cell line, which exhibited clear unimodal expression patterns in all cases, many clones originating from Brm-deficient cell lines either showed a broad-range distribution of GFP expression or were fully silenced. The resorting of GFP-negative populations of these isolated clones showed that GFP silencing is either reversible or irreversible depending upon the proviral integration sites. We further observed that even in these silenced clones, proviral gene transcription initiates to accumulate short transcripts of around 60 bases in length, but no elongation occurs. We found that this termination is caused by tightly closed nucleosome-1 (nuc-1) at the 5' LTR. Also, nuc-1 is remodeled by exogenous Brm in some integrants. From these results, we propose that Brm is required for the occasional transcriptional elongation of the HIV-1 provirus in the absence of Tat. Since the Brm-type SWI/SNF complex is expressed at marginal levels in resting CD4+ T cells and is drastically induced upon CD4+ T-cell activation, we speculate that it plays crucial roles in the early Tat-independent phase of HIV transcription in affected patients.
<title>Detection of atmospheric conditions in images</title> (2001)

Applications such as Unmanned Air or Land Vehicles (UAVs) depend on good quality image data to assist in navigation and other tasks or decisions. In the real world environments, atmospheric conditions can lead to degradation of images and the occlusion or distortion of objects of interest in images. This work will look at techniques that can be used to both determine the type and amount of atmospheric conditions present in image data. This information could then be used by our previously developed system to assist in the reduction of atmospheric effects.