gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative Stiffness Device for Seismic Protection of Structures: Shake Table Testing of a Seismically Isolated Structure (2016)

The concept of apparent weakening by adding true negative stiffness to a structure has been previously introduced by the authors in order to reduce simultaneous drifts, accelerations, and displacements in a structure without yielding or permanent deformation in the main system. A novel negative stiffness device (NSD) that generates true negative stiffness has been developed, built, and tested and has been previously described by the authors in terms of operation and analytical and numerical modeling. This paper presents results that represent proof-of-concept for weakening with the use of the NSD based on the shake table testing of a 3-story seismically isolated structure, equipped with these devices complemented by viscous dampers. The NSD is shown to have a significant effect on the superstructure response by reducing floor accelerations, story drift, and the base shear and upon the addition of dampers, also results in a reduction in isolator displacements. Moreover, this paper provides validation of the analytical models that were previously developed by comparison of analytical and experimental results.
Production and characterization of supersonic carbon cluster beams (1984)

Laser vaporization of a substrate within the throat of a pulsed nozzle is used to generate a supersonic beam of carbon clusters. The neutral cluster beam is probed downstream by UV laser photoionization with time-of-flight mass analysis of the resulting photoions. Using graphite as the substrate, carbon clusters Cn for n=1–190 have been produced having a distinctly bimodal cluster size distribution: (i) Both even and odd clusters for Cn, 1≤n≤30; and (ii) only even clusters C2n, 20≤n≤90. The nature of the bimodal distribution, and the intensity alterations in the observed C+n signals are interpreted on the basis of cluster formation and stability arguments. Ionizing laser power dependences taken at several different photon energies are used to roughly bracket the carbon cluster ionization potentials, and, at high laser intensity, to observe the onset of multiphoton fragmentation. By treating the graphite rod with KOH, a greatly altered carbon cluster distribution with mixed carbon/potassium clusters of formula K2C2n is produced.
Suppressor of MEK null (SMEK)/protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4C) is a key regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis (2010)

Fasting promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis to maintain glucose homeostasis. The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2) is responsible for transcriptional activation of gluconeogenic genes and is critical for conveying the opposing hormonal signals of glucagon and insulin in the liver. Here, we show that suppressor of MEK null 1 (SMEK1) and SMEK2 [protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) regulatory subunits 3a and 3b, respectively] are directly involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in mice. Expression of hepatic SMEK1/2 is up-regulated during fasting or in mouse models of insulin-resistant conditions in a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α)-dependent manner. Overexpression of SMEK promotes elevations in plasma glucose with increased hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, whereas depletion of the SMEK proteins reduces hyperglycemia and enhances CRTC2 phosphorylation; the effect is blunted by S171A CRTC2, which is refractory to salt-inducible kinase (SIK)-dependent inhibition. Taken together, we would propose that mammalian SMEK/PP4C proteins are involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism through dephosphorylation of CRTC2.
Ray dynamics in a long-range acoustic propagation experiment (2003)

A ray-based wave-field description is employed in the interpretation of broadband basin-scale acoustic propagation measurements obtained during the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate program's 1994 Acoustic Engineering Test. Acoustic observables of interest are wavefront time spread, probability density function (PDF) of intensity, vertical extension of acoustic energy in the reception finale, and the transition region between temporally resolved and unresolved wavefronts. Ray-based numerical simulation results that include both mesoscale and internal-wave-induced sound-speed perturbations are shown to be consistent with measurements of all the aforementioned observables, even though the underlying ray trajectories are predominantly chaotic, that is, exponentially sensitive to initial and environmental conditions. Much of the analysis exploits results that relate to the subject of ray chaos; these results follow from the Hamiltonian structure of the ray equations. Further, it is shown that the collection of the many eigenrays that form one of the resolved arrivals is nonlocal, both spatially and as a function of launch angle, which places severe restrictions on theories that are based on a perturbation expansion about a background ray.
Optimization and scaling of shared-memory and message-passing implementations of the ZEUS hydrodynamics algorithm (1997)

We compare the performance of shared-memory and message-passing versions of the ZEUS algorithm for astrophysical fluid dynamics on a 64-processor HP/Convex Exemplar SPP-2000. Single-processor optimization is guided by timing several versions of simple loops whose structure typifies the main performance bottlenecks. Overhead is minimized in the message-passing implementation through the use of non-blocking communication operations. Our benchmark results agree reasonably well with the predictions of a simple performance model. The message-passing version of ZEUS scales better than the shared-memory one primarily because, under shared-memory, (unless data-layout directives are utilized) the domain decomposition is effectively one-dimensional.
Spike-timing Dynamics of Neuronal Groups (2004)

A neuronal network inspired by the anatomy of the cerebral cortex was simulated to study the self-organization of spiking neurons into neuronal groups. The network consisted of 100 000 reentrantly interconnected neurons exhibiting known types of cortical firing patterns, receptor kinetics, short-term plasticity and long-term spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), as well as a distribution of axonal conduction delays. The dynamics of the network allowed us to study the fine temporal structure of emerging firing patterns with millisecond resolution. We found that the interplay between STDP and conduction delays gave rise to the spontaneous formation of neuronal groups--sets of strongly connected neurons capable of firing time-locked, although not necessarily synchronous, spikes. Despite the noise present in the model, such groups repeatedly generated patterns of activity with millisecond spike-timing precision. Exploration of the model allowed us to characterize various group properties, including spatial distribution, size, growth, rate of birth, lifespan, and persistence in the presence of synaptic turnover. Localized coherent input resulted in shifts of receptive and projective fields in the model similar to those observed in vivo.
661. Formation of organo-phosphorus compounds by the reaction of alkyl chlorides with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of aluminium chloride (1952)

A. M. Kinnear and E. A. Perren, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 3437 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520003437
Balanced Random Survival Forests for Extremely Unbalanced, Right Censored Data (2018)

Accuracies of survival models for life expectancy prediction as well as critical-care applications are significantly compromised due to the sparsity of samples and extreme imbalance between the survival (usually, the majority) and mortality class sizes. While a recent random survival forest (RSF) model overcomes the limitations of the proportional hazard assumption, an imbalance in the data results in an underestimation (overestimation) of the hazard of the mortality (survival) classes. A balanced random survival forests (BRSF) model, based on training the RSF model with data generated from a synthetic minority sampling scheme is presented to address this gap. Theoretical results on the effect of balancing on prediction accuracies in BRSF are reported. Benchmarking studies were conducted using five datasets with different levels of class imbalance from public repositories and an imbalanced dataset of 267 acute cardiac patients, collected at the Heart, Artery, and Vein Center of Fresno, CA. Investigations suggest that BRSF provides an improved discriminatory strength between the survival and the mortality classes. It outperformed both optimized Cox (without and with balancing) and RSF with an average reduction of 55\% in the prediction error over the next best alternative.
Project54: introducing advanced technologies in the Police cruiser (2003)

The Project54 effort aims to improve the ability of police to manipulate data in mobile units as well as to provide a way to seamlessly integrate all in-car electronic devices. Work is being done the integration of in-car hardware and software, user interface integration, and the integration of the cruiser into a wireless data network. The system is being tested in three New Hampshire State Police cruisers, USA. The entire New Hampshire State Police fleet of 250 cruisers will be equipped with the system.
Characterization of terahertz antennas using photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging (2015)

ABSTRACT We report a novel approach for characterization of terahertz (THz) antennas using the photoinduced coded‐aperture imaging (PI‐CAI) technique. For a prototype demonstration, a WR‐1.5 (500–750 GHz) diagonal horn antenna has been fully characterized. The THz beam radiated from the antenna was imaged using the PI‐CAI technique at different distances from the antenna aperture. The measured beam profiles show near‐Gaussian shapes, with the expected propagation properties. The far‐field antenna radiation patterns were then extracted from the far‐field beam image and compared with conventional measurement results, theoretical calculation and full‐wave simulation. Finally, the antenna Gaussian coupling efficiency was calculated to be ∼83% based on the two‐dimensional (2‐D) beam mapping technique. Antenna radiation parameters obtained using the above approach show good agreement with published literature and manufacturer datasheets, demonstrating the potential of the PI‐CAI approach for fast and accurate characterization of THz antennas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1180–1184, 2015
ANVIL - a generic annotation tool for multimodal dialogue (2001)

Anvil is a tool for the annotation of audiovisual material containing multimodal dialogue. Annotation takes place on freely definable, multiple layers (tracks) by inserting time-anchored elements that hold a number of typed attribute-value pairs. Higher-level elements (suprasegmental) consist of a sequence of elements. Attributes contain symbols or cross-level links to arbitrary other elements. Anvil is highly generic (usable with different annotation schemes), platform-independent, XMLbased and fitted with an intuitive graphical user interface. For project integration, Anvil offers the import of speech transcription and export of text and table data for further statistical processing.
MPEG-4 visual texture coding: more than just compression (2003)

The MPEG-4 visual texture coding (VTC) is a wavelet-based image coder that was created in the context of synthetic and natural hybrid coding (SNHC) to support applications that demand high-quality, efficient, and scalable textures. This paper provides an overview of various MPEG-4 VTC techniques and the functionalities supported by these techniques.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Key Mediators of Stem Cell Function (2020)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an evolutionarily ancient subclass of glycoproteins with exquisite structural complexity. They are ubiquitously expressed across tissues and have been found to exert a multitude of effects on cell behavior and the surrounding microenvironment. Evidence has shown that heterogeneity in HSPG composition is crucial to its functions as an essential scaffolding component in the extracellular matrix as well as a vital cell surface signaling co-receptor. Here, we provide an overview of the significance of HSPGs as essential regulators of stem cell function. We discuss the various roles of HSPGs in distinct stem cell types during key physiological events, from development through to tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The contribution of aberrant HSPG production to altered stem cell properties and dysregulated cellular homeostasis characteristic of cancer is also reviewed. Finally, we consider approaches to better understand and exploit the multifaceted functions of HSPGs in influencing stem cell characteristics for cell therapy and associated culture expansion strategies.
Adaptive routing considering the state of receiver for Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Routing in MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is a challenging due to the dynamic nature of network topology and the resource constraints. To maximize the channel resource utilization and minimize the network transfer d.elay along the path, the shortest path with minimum hops scheme is often adopted. However, the quality of wireless channel among the mobile nodes is time varying due to fading, shadowing and pathloss. Considering adaptive channel coding and modulation scheme, the channel states can be characterized by different link throughput. If routing selection based on the link throughput is implemented, the minimum transfer delay from source to destination and the maximal throughput may be obtained. In our previous research, a channel adaptive shortest routing CASPR was presented, but it didn't consider receiver's state. In this paper, we take the condition of receiver into account, and present an adaptive routing (BR-CASPR). Simulation results show that if there is a proper weight between the channel quality and delay factor in total cost, the delay performance may be improved compared to CASPR.
GM-CSF-secreting vaccines for solid tumors: moving forward. (2010)

Cancer vaccines consisting of intact tumor cells genetically modified to secrete the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have undergone extensive preclinical development. These vaccines induce the massive accumulation of dendritic cells at the intradermal injection site, which engulf, process, and present tumor antigens to activate tumor-specific T cells. Early phase clinical testing demonstrated promising evidence of safety and bioactivity, although initial phase III clinical trials were unsuccessful. Together, the preclinical and clinical data argue for the continued clinical development of these vaccines, integrating them with standard and novel cancer therapeutics that enhance vaccine activity by overcoming immune tolerance and suppression, and/or augmenting co-stimulatory pathways of T cell activation.
Histidine‐rich glycoprotein: A novel adaptor protein in plasma that modulates the immune, vascular and coagulation systems (2005)

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is an abundant plasma glycoprotein that has a multidomain structure, interacts with many ligands, and has been shown to regulate a number of important biological processes. HRG ligands include Zn(2+) and haem, tropomyosin, heparin and heparan sulphate, plasminogen, plasmin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, IgG, FcgammaR and complement. In many cases, the histidine-rich region of the molecule enhances ligand binding following interaction with Zn(2+) or exposure to low pH, conditions associated with sites of tissue injury or tumour growth. The multidomain nature of HRG indicates that it can act as an extracellular adaptor protein, bringing together disparate ligands, particularly on cell surfaces. HRG binds to most cells primarily via heparan sulphate proteoglycans, binding which is also potentiated by elevated free Zn(2+) levels and low pH. Recent reports have shown that HRG can modulate angiogenesis and additional studies have shown that it may regulate other physiological processes such as cell adhesion and migration, fibrinolysis and coagulation, complement activation, immune complex clearance and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. This review outlines the molecular, structural, biological and clinical properties of HRG as well as describing the role of HRG in various physiological processes.
Drug Prophylaxis for Travelers' Diarrhea (2002)

Travelers' diarrhea is the most common health impairment in persons visiting developing countries, affecting 20% to >50% of tourists. Although it is usually benign, travelers' diarrhea represents a considerable socioeconomic burden for both the traveler and the host country. The most common enteropathogens are enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Travelers' compliance with dietary precautionary measures is poor. Despite the excellent protection rates provided by antibiotics, routine administration of prophylaxis is currently not recommended because of potential adverse reactions. Of the various antibiotics that have been tested, quinolones are considered to be the first choice worldwide; however, quinolone-resistant pathogens are increasingly being isolated. Because it is frequently administered and provides only moderate protection, bismuth subsalicylate is not considered a recommendable option for prophylaxis in Europe, where it is rarely available anyhow. To date, no probiotic has been able to demonstrate clinically relevant protection worldwide. In conclusion, there is no satisfactory prophylactic option, and worldwide monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the search for novel antimicrobial agents, such as nonabsorbed antibiotics, and nonantibiotic medications should continue.
Determination of 8-methoxypsoralen in plasma by scanning fluorometry after thin-layer chromatography. (1978)

A rapid and sensitive method is described for determining 8-methoxypsoralen in plasma. Plasma samples are acidified with 6 mol/liter and heated in a boiling water bath to release the plasma-bound drug nondestructively. It then is extracted into a solvent mixture consisting of benzene/ethyl acetate (9/1 by vol). The solvent phase is separated, evaporated, and an aliquot of the dissolved residue is thin-layer chromatographed, with benzene/ethyl acetete (9/1) as developing solvent. The plate is dried and the spots, made visible under ultraviolet light (320-400 nm), are scanned. The smallest amount detectable is 20 ng; the overall analytical recovery from plasma is 84%. We used the method to determine the drug in the plasma of rabbits after intravenous and oral administration of 10 mg, and in one patient after an oral dose of 30 mg.
Antifuse EPROM circuit for field programmable DRAM (2002)

A 3 V EPROM circuit is implemented in an existing 0.22 /spl mu/m DRAM process with an antifuse based on destructive breakdown of the highly-reliable 6.5 nm oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) storage capacitor dielectric. Using an internal high-voltage charge pump, this antifuse EPROM is programmed without external high-voltage power supplies which facilitates full pin compatibility with existing SDRAM specifications. This antifuse EPROM circuit enables field programmable DRAM functionality such as post-package memory repair, output impedance matching for system memory module calibration, user programmable memory bank architectures, data encryption, and product serial numbers. While laser programmable polysilicon fuses are used extensively to provide nonvolatile memory for repair of defective DRAM cells, they are limited to programming at wafer level and before packaging. Previous implementations of antifuse EPROM utilized external high-voltage supplies for wafer level programming only due to the incompatibility of high voltage power supplies with existing DRAM pin configurations.
YELLOW FEVER VACCINATION IN MALAYA BY SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION AND MULTIPLE PUNCTURE. HAEMAGGLUTININ-INHIBITING ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN PERSONS WITH AND WITHOUT PRE-EXISTING ANTIBODY. (1963)

In view of the risk of introduction of yellow fever into South-East Asia, comparative studies have been made of yellow fever vaccination in Malayan volunteers with a high prevalence of antibody to related viruses and in volunteers without related antibody. In a previous paper the neutralizing antibody responses of these volunteers were reported. The present paper describes the haemagglutinin-inhibiting (HI) antibody responses of the same groups of volunteers and discusses the relationship of these responses to the neutralizing antibody responses.The HI responses to yellow fever following vaccination closely paralleled the neutralizing antibody responses whether vaccination was subcutaneous or by multiple puncture. Volunteers with a high level of YF HI antibody due to infection with other group B viruses were found to be less likely to show a significant YF HI response than those without antibody. 90% of HI responses could be detected by the 21st day after vaccination.As with neutralizing antibody responses, volunteers given vaccine doses of 50-500 mouse intracerebral LD(50) subcutaneously gave greater responses than those given higher doses.
Functional Conservation of Wheat and Rice <i>Mlo</i> Orthologs in Defense Modulation to the Powdery Mildew Fungus (2002)

Homologs of barley Mlo are found in syntenic positions in all three genomes of hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, and in rice, Oryza sativa. Candidate wheat orthologs, designated TaMlo-A1, TaMlo-B1, and TaMlo-D1, encode three distinct but highly related proteins that are 88% identical to barley MLO and appear to originate from the three diploid ancestral genomes of wheat. TaMlo-B1 and the rice ortholog, OsMlo2, are able to complement powdery mildew-resistant barley mlo mutants at the single-cell level. Overexpression of TaMlo-B1 or barley Mlo leads to super-susceptibility to the appropriate powdery mildew formae speciales in both wild-type barley and wheat. Surprisingly, overexpression of either Mlo or TaMlo-B1 also mediates enhanced fungal development to tested inappropriate formae speciales. These results underline a regulatory role for MLO and its wheat and rice orthologs in a basal defense mechanism that can interfere with forma specialis resistance to powdery mildews.
A practical projection-based postprocessing of block-coded images with fast convergence rate (2000)

At present, block-transform coding is probably the most popular approach for image compression. However, for the sake of its implementation, an image is partitioned into spatially adjoining blocks which are processed independently without considering inter-block correlation. So, this approach inescapably causes an annoying defect called a blocking artifact. In this letter, in order to reduce a blocking artifact appearing in block-coded images, a new quantization constraint set based on the theory of projection onto convex set (POCS) is proposed. This set can efficiently complement the drawbacks of the projection onto the other constraint sets, particularly the smoothness constraint set. Experimental results, using the proposed quantization constraint set as a substitute for the conventional quantization constraint set, show that the postprocessed images not only converge at a fast rate but also obtain better performance in both objective and subjective quality. Moreover, we know that the postprocessed images maintain the clearness of the decoded image before postprocessing.