gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase stability, electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity of the Li[subscript 10±1]MP[subscript 2]X[subscript 12] (M = Ge, Si, Sn, Al or P, and X = O, S or Se) family of superionic conductors (2012)

We present an investigation of the phase stability, electrochemical stability and Li[superscript +] conductivity of the Li[subscript 10±1]MP[subscript 2]X[subscript 12] (M = Ge, Si, Sn, Al or P, and X = O, S or Se) family of superionic conductors using first principles calculations. The Li[subscript 10]GeP[subscript 2]S[subscript 12] (LGPS) superionic conductor has the highest Li[superscript +] conductivity reported to date, with excellent electrochemical performance demonstrated in a Li-ion rechargeable battery. Our results show that isovalent cation substitutions of Ge[superscript 4+] have a small effect on the relevant intrinsic properties, with Li[subscript 10]SiP[subscript 2]S[subscript 12] and Li[subscript 10]SnP[subscript 2]S[subscript 12] having similar phase stability, electrochemical stability and Li[superscript +] conductivity as LGPS. Aliovalent cation substitutions (M = Al or P) with compensating changes in the Li[superscript +] concentration also have a small effect on the Li[superscript +] conductivity in this structure. Anion substitutions, however, have a much larger effect on these properties. The oxygen-substituted Li[subscript 10]MP[subscript 2]O[subscript 12] compounds are predicted not to be stable (with equilibrium decomposition energies >90 meV per atom) and have much lower Li[superscript +] conductivities than their sulfide counterparts. The selenium-substituted Li[subscript 10]MP[subscript 2]Se[subscript 12] compounds, on the other hand, show a marginal improvement in conductivity, but at the expense of reduced electrochemical stability. We also studied the effect of lattice parameter changes on the Li[superscript +] conductivity and found the same asymmetry in behavior between increases and decreases in the lattice parameters, i.e., decreases in the lattice parameters lower the Li[superscript +] conductivity significantly, while increases in the lattice parameters increase the Li[superscript +] conductivity only marginally. Based on these results, we conclude that the size of the S[superscript 2−] is near optimal for Li[superscript +] conduction in this structural framework.
Biometrics theory, methods, and applications / (2010)

An in-depth examination of the cutting edge of biometrics This book fills a gap in the literature by detailing the recent advances and emerging theories, methods, and applications of biometric systems in a variety of infrastructures. Edited by a panel of experts, it provides comprehensive coverage of: Multilinear discriminant analysis for biometric signal recognition Biometric identity authentication techniques based on neural networks Multimodal biometrics and design of classifiers for biometric fusion Feature selection and facial aging modeling for face recognition Geometrical and statistical models for video-based face authentication Near-infrared and 3D face recognition Recognition based on fingerprints and 3D hand geometry Iris recognition and ECG-based biometrics Online signature-based authentication Identification based on gait Information theory approaches to biometrics Biologically inspired methods and biometric encryption Biometrics based on electroencephalography and event-related potentials Biometrics: Theory, Methods, and Applications is an indispensable resource for researchers, security experts, policymakers, engineers, and graduate students.
Evaluating 'A+B=K' conditions in constant time (2003)

The authors consider a type of condition that can be evaluated without requiring a complete ALU (arithmetic logic unit) operation. The circuit that is presented detects the condition A+B=K (n-bit numbers) in constant time, avoiding the carry propagation delay. This circuit can be used to detect a wide spectrum of conditions in branch instructions. It can improve the processor performance by advancing the evaluation of conditions and eliminating the pipeline delays produced by these operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of substrate thermal gradient effects on optimal buffer insertion (2001)

This paper studies the effects of the substrate thermal gradients on the buffer insertion techniques. Using a non-uniform temperature-dependent distributed RC interconnect delay model, the buffer insertion problem is analyzed and design guidelines are provided to ensure the near-optimality of the signal performance in the presence of the thermal gradients. In addition, the effect of temperature-dependent driver resistance on the buffer insertion is studied. Experimental results show that neglecting thermal gradients in the substrate and the interconnect lines can result in non-optimal solutions when using standard buffer insertion techniques and that these effects intensify with technology scaling.
Optimized Spatial Correlations for Broadband Light Trapping Nanopatterns in High Efficiency Ultrathin Film a-Si:H Solar Cells (2011)

Nanophotonic structures have attracted attention for light trapping in solar cells with the potential to manage and direct light absorption on the nanoscale. While both randomly textured and nanophotonic structures have been investigated, the relationship between photocurrent and the spatial correlations of random or designed surfaces has been unclear. Here we systematically design pseudorandom arrays of nanostructures based on their power spectral density, and correlate the spatial frequencies with measured and simulated photocurrent. The integrated cell design consists of a patterned plasmonic back reflector and a nanostructured semiconductor top interface, which gives broadband and isotropic photocurrent enhancement.
Process and Product in Children's Drawing (1972)

Aesthetic and expressive theorists have tried to understand what children's drawings represent. It is, however, a prior necessity to investigate the perceptual–cognitive mechanisms which permit the development of representational drawing, and to specify the role played by developing graphic and cognitive skills. In the first place it is argued that the concept of interpretation, as carried out by the child himself as well as by adults, rests on a dual basis consisting of perceptual processes and the recognition of conventions. Secondly some empirical examples of the problems of organisation with which the child has to deal are given. Through a critique of the model and the developmental taxonomy worked out by Luquet, the elements of a general model, embodying the concepts of interpretation and organisation, are put forward.
원보 : Monoterpenoid 계의 새로운 항암제 합성 및 In vitro 세포독성 평가 (2001)

Many attention has been focused on developing new chemotherapeutic agents for a treatment of cancer from natural products. From Carpesium divaricatum S. et Z. (Compositae), various monoterpenoid compounds were isolated and exhibited mild antitumor activity against human tumor cell lines. `These facts prompted us to explore the structure-activity relationship of these compounds. The synthesis of monoterpenoid compound was accomplished by Fries rearrangement, Grignard reaction, elimination, allylic oxidation, esterification and epoxidation as key steps. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, HCT15) of the synthesised compounds are as follows: First of all, epoxide moiety is prerequisite for cytotoxic activity in diester compound. Any kind of compounds with olefin or diol moiety instead of epoxide ring exhibited poor or mild cytotoxic activity respectively. Of o-acetoxy and isobutoxy epoxy esters, p-substituted phenylacetate compounds exhibited high cytotoxic activities against SK-MEL-2 and HCT15.
Hoshin kanri: a study of practice in the UK (2002)

This article presents findings from an ESRC sponsored research project about the use of hoshin kanri (policy management) in the UK. The research used tracer studies to follow in real time the development and management of annual policies in three Japanese subsidiaries based in the UK. In addition, case histories were also compiled for companies belonging to the project’s practitioner network. The project explored hoshin kanri as a PDCA‐led strategic management process. There are important issues associated with each part of this PDCA cycle with which practitioners wrestle, but in general there remain important company‐wide benefits.
The place of highly elliptical orbit satellites in future systems (1989)

Following the evolution of satellite communication systems towards increasingly sophisticated applications all over the world and in view of harmonizing and expanding the studies carried out in Europe on advanced systems using highly elliptical orbits, ESA has elaborated a comprehensive programme named Archimedes to experiment and demonstrate in orbit, with one or two satellites in highly inclined orbit possibly of the Tundra type, land mobile applications for voice communication in Europe with low cost terminals, sound broadcasting and navigation. This programme is part of the ESA PSDE overall programme and at the same time, is the fourth step of a scheme for introducing an expanding land mobile satellite system in Europe. >
Detection of onion postharvest diseases by analyses of headspace volatiles using a gas sensor array and GC-MS (2010)

Onion postharvest diseases cause significant losses in storage. Volatile sensing by the gas sensor array technology could be used as a promising alternative method to detect onion diseases. Onions were inoculated with Botrytis allii and Burkholderia cepacia, causal pathogen for Botrytis neck rot and sour skin, respectively. In the first phase of this study, 30 onions with equal number of B. allii inoculated and control healthy onions were measured by the gas sensor array from 8 to 11 days after inoculation (dai) and the principal component analysis (PCA) score plot demonstrated that the gas sensor array responded differently to Botrytis neck rot infected onions from those of healthy onions. In the second phase, 30 onions with 10 for each of the three treatments (Botrytis neck rot, sour skin, control) were measured by the gas sensor array on 5, 6, and 7 dai. The PCA score plot illustrated that three treatments formed three distinct clusters, while a hierarchical cluster analysis dendrogram indicated that the response of the gas sensor array to Botrytis neck rot and sour skin were similar. The correct classification rate of the linear discriminant model for three treatments was over 97.8%. Results from GC-MS showed that total 24 major volatiles were identified from the headspace of three treatments. Sixteen compounds were uniquely present in B. allii and B. cepacia inoculated onion bulbs. Total amount of volatile compounds detected in pathogen inoculated bulbs was one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of control healthy bulbs. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a gas sensor array to detect two onion postharvest diseases in storage.
A Proposed Method for the Identification of Race in Sub-Adult Skeletons: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Morphology (2004)

The identification of biological race (ancestry) in skeletal material is an important aspect of forensic investigations. While techniques for race determination are well established for adult skeletons, identification of race in sub-adult specimens has not been widely addressed. The present study investigates racial differences in the mandibular morphology of sub-adult specimens using geometric morphometric analyses. One hundred and seventy-four mandibles from five morphologically distinct samples were digitized and subjected to general Procrustes analysis. Results showed significant morphological differences between the samples and obtained cross-validation results of over 70% accuracy in identification of unknown individuals using the complete mandible. It is suggested that these techniques could provide a method for the identification of race in sub-adult individuals.
Identification of <i>In Vivo</i> -Induced Conserved Sequences from <i>Yersinia pestis</i> During Experimental Plague Infection in the Rabbit (2010)

In an effort to identify the novel virulence determinants of Yersinia pestis, we applied the gene “discovery” methodology, in vivo-induced (IVI) antigen technology, to detect genes upregulated during infection in a laboratory rabbit model for bubonic plague. After screening over 70,000 Escherichia coli clones of Y. pestis DNA expression libraries, products from 25 loci were identified as being seroreactive to reductively adsorbed, pooled immune serum. Upon sequence analysis of the predicted IVI gene products, more frequently encountered conserved protein functional categories have emerged, to include type-V autotransporters and components of more complex secretion systems including types III and VI. The recombinant products from eight selected clones were subsequently immunoblotted against pooled immune serum from two naturally infected host species: the prairie dog, and a species refractory to lethal disease, the coyote. Immune prairie dog serum recognized 2–3 of the rabbit-reactive antigens, suggesting at least some overlap in the pathogen's in vivo survival mechanisms between these two hosts. Although the coyote serum failed to recognize most of the IVI antigens, LepA was universally reactive with all three host sera. Collectively, the profiles/patterns of IVI conserved sequences (IVICS) may represent immune “signatures” among different host species, possessing the potential for use as a diagnostic tool for plague. Further, the antigenic nature of IVICS makes them ideal for further evaluation as novel subunit vaccine candidates. The gathering of additional data and analysis of the intact IVI genes and the expressed IVICS products should provide insight into the unique biologic processes of Y. pestis during infection and reveal the genetic patterns of the pathogen's survival strategy in different hosts.
ChemInform Abstract: Central to Axial Chirality Transfer via Double Bond Migration: Asymmetric Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Axially Chiral 1‐(3′‐Indenyl)naphthalenes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic programming and adaptive processes: Mathematical foundation (1960)

In many engineering, economic, biological, and statistical control processes, a decision-making device is called upon to perform tinder various conditions of uncertainty regarding underlying physical processes. These conditions range from complete knowledge to total ignorance. As the process unfolds, additional information may become available to the controlling element, which then has the possibility of “learning” to improve its performance based upon experience; i.e., the controlling element may adapt itself to its environment. On a grand scale, situations of this type occur in the development of physical theories throgh the mutual interplay of experimentation and theory; on a smaller scale they occur in connection with the design of learning servomechanisms and adaptive filters. The central purpose of this paper is to lay a foundation for the mathematical treatment of broad classes of such adaptive processes. This is accomplished through use of the concepts of dynamic programming. Subsequent papers will be devoted to specific applications in different fields and various theoretical extensions.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Cocaine via Desymmetrization of a <i>meso</i>-Dialdehyde (2004)

[reaction: see text] The total synthesis of (+)-cocaine is described. An extension of the recently reported proline catalyzed intramolecular enol-exo-aldol reaction to a meso-dialdehyde provided the tropane ring skeleton directly with good enantiomeric excess. The meso-dialdehyde was prepared using a 2-azaallyllithium [3 + 2] cycloaddition to generate a cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine. Overall, the synthesis proceeded in 6.5% yield and 86% ee over 14 linear steps starting from commercially available 3-benzyloxy-1-propanol.
SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview (2020)

The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that started in Wuhan, China, has now spread to several other countries and is in its exponential phase of spread. Although less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, it has taken several lives and taken down the economies of many countries. Before this outbreak, the most recent coronavirus outbreaks were the SARS-CoV and the MERS-CoV outbreaks that happened in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Since the SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same family as of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, they share several similarities. So, this review aims at understanding the new scenario of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and compares the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and the genetics of these coronaviruses. Studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is very similar in structure and pathogenicity with SARS-CoV, but the most important structural protein, i.e., the spike protein (S), is slightly different in these viruses. The presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates the S protein priming and might increase the efficiency of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to other beta coronaviruses. So, furin inhibitors can be targeted as potential drug therapies for SARS-CoV.
In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into lymphocyte precursors able to generate T and B lymphocytes in vivo. (1992)

Embryonic stem cells can be induced in vitro, by coculture with the stromal line RP.0.10 and a mixture of interleukins 3, 6, and 7, to differentiate into T (Joro75+) and B (B-220+) lymphocyte progenitors and other (Thy-1+, PgP-1+, c-kit+, Joro75-, B-220-, F4/80-, Mac-1-) hemopoietic precursors. The progeny of in vitro-induced embryonic stem cells can reconstitute the lymphoid compartments of T- and B-lymphocyte-deficient scid mice and generate mature T and B lymphocytes in sublethally irradiated normal mice. Exogenous cytokines can dramatically alter the developmental fate of embryonic stem cells in culture. The in vitro system described here should facilitate the study of molecular events leading to cell-lineage commitment and to the formation of hemopoietic stem cells and their immediate lymphoid progeny.
Hybrid routing concept for dense WDM ring networks (2000)

A new breed of dense WDM add/drop ring networks with high wavelength efficiency, flexible node capacity allocation capability, and a simple node design is introduced. Two key techniques are developed for improving the wavelength efficiency by up to 60% under practical conditions.
Generation of stable Drosophila cell lines using multicistronic vectors (2011)

Insect cell culture is becoming increasingly important for applications including recombinant protein production and cell-based screening with chemical or RNAi libraries. While stable mammalian cell lines expressing a protein of interest can be efficiently prepared using IRES-based vectors or viral-based approaches, options for stable insect cell lines are more limited. Here, we describe pAc5-STABLEs, new vectors for use in Drosophila cell culture to facilitate stable transformation. We show that viral-derived 2A-like (or "CHYSEL") peptides function in Drosophila cells and can mediate the multicistronic expression of two or three proteins of interest under control of the Actin5C constitutive promoter. The current vectors allow mCherry and/or GFP fusions to be generated for positive selection by G418 resistance in cells and should serve as a flexible platform for future applications.
Choice of Testing, Evaluation Methods, and Quality Criteria in Corrosion Engineering (1990)

This paper proposes a general scheme for the design of test programs to assess corrosion resistance in a meaningful way. Any metallic material or coated metal product that is to be used in a specific set of conditions may suffer corrosion. The chemical and physical factors of the service application, together with the metallic material, determine the type and extent of corrosion damage encountered. Corrosion science can be used to specify the critical environmental factors in the test method. The test program can provide results that are important for the following: the development of new materials and coatings; the choice of protective systems for new equipment designs; the development of quality control programs and quality acceptance tests. Statistical methods are essential to determine the significance levels of results and the corresponding material specifications.
Catalytic Organometallic Reactions of Ammonia (2010)

Until recently, ammonia had rarely succumbed to catalytic transformations with homogeneous catalysts, and the development of such reactions that are selective for the formation of single products under mild conditions has encountered numerous challenges. However, recently developed catalysts have allowed several classes of reactions to create products with nitrogen-containing functional groups from ammonia. These reactions include hydroaminomethylation, reductive amination, alkylation, allylic substitution, hydroamination, and cross-coupling. This Minireview describes examples of these processes and the factors that control catalyst activity and selectivity.
Workshop on immunotherapy combinations. Society for immunotherapy of cancer annual meeting Bethesda, November 3, 2011 (2012)

Although recent FDA approvals on ipilimumab and sipuleucel-T represent major milestones, the ultimate success of immunotherapy approaches will likely benefit from appropriate combinations with other immunotherapeutic and/or non-immunotherapeutic approaches. However, implementation of ideal combinations in the clinic may still face formidable challenges in regulatory, drug-availability and intellectual property aspects. The 2011 SITC annual meeting hosted a workshop on combination immunotherapy to discuss: 1) the most promising combinations found in the laboratory; 2) early success of combination immunotherapy in clinical trials; 3) industry perspectives on combination approaches, and 4) relevant regulatory issues. The integrated theme was how to accelerate the implementation of efficacious combined immunotherapies for cancer patients. Rodent animal models are providing many examples of synergistic combinations that typically include more than two agents. However, mouse and human immunology differ in a significant number of mechanisms and hence we might be missing opportunities peculiar to humans. Nonetheless, incisive animal experimentation with deep mechanistic insight remains the best compass that we can use to guide our paths in combinatorial immunotherapy. Combination immunotherapy clinical trials are already in progress and preliminary results are extremely promising. As a key to translate promising combinations into clinic, real and "perceived" business and regulatory hurdles were debated. A formidable step forward would be to be able to test combinations of investigational agents prior to individual approval. Taking together the FDA and the industrial perspective on combinatorial immunotherapy, the audience was left with the clear message that this is by no means an impossible task. The general perception is that the road ahead of us is full of combination clinical trials which hopefully will bring clinical benefit to our cancer patients at a fast pace.