gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Vomiting Responses to a LethalIntravenous Dose of Staphyloenterotoxin A in Rhesus Monkeys (1976)

Effects of a single intravenous dose of highly purified staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA; 0.5 mg/kg) were studied in conscious rhesus monkeys. The mean survival time for four of five experimental monkeys was 8.7 h. Vomiting, pallor, abdominal distension, occasional diarrhea and dehydration were observed. Tachycardia and sustained hypotension developed prior to death. During vomiting, transient hypertension was induced.
Formate Assimilation: The Metabolic Architecture of Natural and Synthetic Pathways (2016)

Formate may become an ideal mediator between the physicochemical and biological realms, as it can be produced efficiently from multiple available sources, such as electricity and biomass, and serve as one of the simplest organic compounds for providing both carbon and energy to living cells. However, limiting the realization of formate as a microbial feedstock is the low diversity of formate-fixing enzymes and thereby the small number of naturally occurring formate-assimilation pathways. Here, the natural enzymes and pathways supporting formate assimilation are presented and discussed together with proposed synthetic routes that could permit growth on formate via existing as well as novel formate-fixing reactions. By considering such synthetic routes, the diversity of metabolic solutions for formate assimilation can be expanded dramatically, such that different host organisms, cultivation conditions, and desired products could be matched with the most suitable pathway. Astute application of old and new formate-assimilation pathways may thus become a cornerstone in the development of sustainable strategies for microbial production of value-added chemicals.
Relationship of Plasma Level of Vitamin C to Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease (1987)

The present epidemiological data support and extend previous evidence in men and animals. Thus, a poor plasma status of vitamin C (less than 23 microM = 0.4 mg/dl) and/or of cholesterol-standardized vitamin E (less than 20-21.5 microM = 9 mg/l) occurs in westernized countries with an increased risk of IHD. A poor status in the major essential antioxidants may be a hitherto underrated, at least permissive, risk factor of IHD that could, at least in some European countries, substantially complement the previously established risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia.
Biology of PPAR&#947; in Cancer: A Critical Review on Existing Lacunae (2007)

Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) belongs to the family of nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), which directly regulate transcription of target genes. The regulatory role of this receptor on lipid metabolism and insulin sensitization is well established. Recently, the overexpression of this receptor in many human cancers has been identified and understanding its biological significance forms the current theme. PPARgamma activation by specific agonists leads to growth inhibition, apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. PPARgamma possess evident tumor promoting properties but the receptor independent effects of its ligands compound the understanding of its biology in cancers. This review highlights the multifaceted role of PPARgamma in cancer progression with specific reference to colon, breast, gastric, lung and urological cancers. Molecular events as well as the mediators involved are analyzed in detail along with PPARgamma independent effects of ligands under each cancer type. The crucial cross talk that exists between Wnt and PPARgamma signaling is also summarized. An attempt has been made to identify the existing lacunae in understanding the biology of PPARgamma in cancers along with suggestions for possible rectification.
A system to grade computer programming skills using machine learning (2014)

The automatic evaluation of computer programs is a nascent area of research with a potential for large-scale impact. Extant program assessment systems score mostly based on the number of test-cases passed, providing no insight into the competency of the programmer. In this paper, we present a system to grade computer programs automatically. In addition to grading a program on its programming practices and complexity, the key kernel of the system is a machine-learning based algorithm which determines closeness of the logic of the given program to a correct program. This algorithm uses a set of highly-informative features, derived from the abstract representations of a given program, that capture the program's functionality. These features are then used to learn a model to grade the programs, which are built against evaluations done by experts. We show that the regression models provide much better grading than the ubiquitous test-case-pass based grading and rivals the grading accuracy of other open-response problems such as essay grading . We also show that our novel features add significant value over and above basic keyword/expression count features. In addition to this, we propose a novel way of posing computer-program grading as a one-class modeling problem and report encouraging preliminary results. We show the value of the system through a case study in a real-world industrial deployment. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time a system using machine learning has been developed and used for grading programs. The work is timely with regard to the recent boom in Massively Online Open Courseware (MOOCs), which promises to produce a significant amount of hand-graded digitized data.
Approximated Summarization of Data Provenance (2015)

Many modern applications involve collecting large amounts of data from multiple sources, and then aggregating and manipulating it in intricate ways. The complexity of such applications, combined with the size of the collected data, makes it difficult to understand how the resulting information was derived. Data provenance has proven helpful in this respect, however, maintaining and presenting the full and exact provenance information may be infeasible due to its size and complexity. We therefore introduce the notion of approximated summarized provenance, which provides a compact representation of the provenance at the possible cost of information loss. Based on this notion, we present a novel provenance summarization algorithm which, based on the semantics of the underlying data and the intended use of provenance, outputs a summary of the input provenance. Experiments measure the conciseness and accuracy of the resulting provenance summaries, and improvement in provenance usage time.
High-density ultra-low R/sub dson/ 30 volt N-channel trench FETs for DC/DC converter applications (2003)

This paper presents a new high-density trench MOSFET design with ultra-low R/sub dson/ for DC/DC converter applications. A benchmark low specific on-resistance of 26 m/spl Omega/.mm/sup 2/ at 4.5 V gate bias is reported. A remote contact feature is utilized to obtain such high channel density and corresponding channel conductance. In-circuit efficiency as high as 89% is obtained, which is the best obtained in the industry to date.
Polymer Films on Electrodes: XIX . Electrochemical Behavior at Polypyrrole‐Nafion and Polypyrrole‐Clay Thin Films on Glassy Carbon Electrodes (1986)

Biconductive films, involving the incorporation of an electronically conductive phase within an ionically conductive one, on glassy carbon electrode surfaces have been prepared by electropolymerization to form polypyrrole (PP) in matrices of Nafion and the clay, hectorite. These films display electronic conductivity and higher stability than films of PP alone. Electrochemical studies of several species at these electrodes (, , methyl viologen) are described. Freestanding PP/Nafion and PP/hectorite films have also been prepared.
Quantum Spin Hall Effect (2006)

The quantum Hall liquid is a novel state of matter with profound emergent properties such as fractional charge and statistics. The existence of the quantum Hall effect requires breaking of the time reversal symmetry caused by an external magnetic field. In this work, we predict a quantized spin Hall effect in the absence of any magnetic field, where the intrinsic spin Hall conductance is quantized in units of 2(e/4pi). The degenerate quantum Landau levels are created by the spin-orbit coupling in conventional semiconductors in the presence of a strain gradient. This new state of matter has many profound correlated properties described by a topological field theory.
GM<sub>1</sub> Clustering Inhibits Cholera Toxin Binding in Supported Phospholipid Membranes (2007)

The present studies explore multivalent ligand-receptor interactions between pentameric cholera toxin B subunits (CTB) and the corresponding membrane ligand, ganglioside GM1. CTB binding was monitored on supported phospholipid bilayers coated on the walls and floors of microfluidic channels. Measurements were made by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Apparent dissociation constants were extracted by fitting the binding data to both the Hill-Waud and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations. Studies of the effect of ligand density on multivalent CTB-GM1 interactions revealed that binding weakened with increasing GM1 density from 0.02 mol % to 10.0 mol %. Such a result could be explained by the clustering of GM1 on the supported phospholipid membranes, which in turn inhibited the binding of CTB. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments directly verified GM1 clustering within the supported POPC bilayers.
Physicochemical Aspects of Particle Removal in Depth Filtration (1988)

The objectives of this work were to include chemical effects in the fundamental theories that describe the deposition of particles in granular media filters, to test the theories experimentally, and to use these results in assessing requirements for effective filtration and the capabilities of the process. In particular, the effects of changes in solution chemistry on the deposition of relatively large or non‐Brownian particles are examined. Such particles are large enough, typically with diameters greater than 2–3 μ m, that their transport is not significantly affected by Brownian diffusion.
Differential Induction from X-irradiated Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes to Dendritic Cells (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of antigen-presenting cell which plays an essential role in the immune system. To clarify the influences of ionizing radiation on the differentiation to DCs, we focused on human peripheral blood monocytes and investigated whether X-irradiated monocytes can differentiate into DCs. The non-irradiated monocytes and 5 Gy-irradiated monocytes were induced into immature DCs (iDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) with appropriate cytokine stimulation, and the induced cells from each monocyte expressed each DC-expressing surface antigen such as CD40, CD86 and HLA-DR. However, the expression levels of CD40 and CD86 on the iDCs derived from the 5 Gy-irradiated monocytes were higher than those of iDCs derived from non-irradiated monocytes. Furthermore, the mDCs derived from 5 Gy-irradiated monocytes had significantly less ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells in comparison to the mDCs derived from non-irradiated monocytes. There were no significant differences in the phagocytotic activity of the iDCs and cytokines detected in the supernatants conditioned by the DCs from the non-irradiated and irradiated monocytes. These results suggest that human monocytes which are exposed to ionizing radiation can thus differentiate into DCs, but there is a tendency that X-irradiation leads to an impairment of the function of DCs.
Designing and deploying a rural ad-hoc community mesh network testbed (2005)

Rural communities suffer from a lack of infrastructure for inexpensive high-speed access to the Internet. One approach to providing high-speed access in these environments is to share a small number of more expensive high-speed connections across the community. A wireless mesh network can provide a low-cost backbone to enable this sharing. Existing solutions to building community mesh networks use proprietary technology or typically require rooftop or other outdoor antenna deployment. We examine the feasibility of constructing a community mesh network in a rural neighborhood at Dartmouth College using off-the-shelf hardware and software components and without using an outdoor antenna. We identify several challenges to construction of such networks including network density, hardware limitations, and US electrical code. In this paper, we outline some of the key challenges we faced during our deployment and suggest solutions.
Anticancer Agents That Counteract Tumor Glycolysis (2012)

Can we consider cancer to be a "metabolic disease"? Tumors are the result of a metabolic selection, forming tissues composed of heterogeneous cells that generally express an overactive metabolism as a common feature. In fact, cancer cells have increased needs for both energy and biosynthetic intermediates to support their growth and invasiveness. However, their high proliferation rate often generates regions that are insufficiently oxygenated. Therefore, their carbohydrate metabolism must rely mostly on a glycolytic process that is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic switch, also known as the Warburg effect, constitutes a fundamental adaptation of tumor cells to a relatively hostile environment, and supports the evolution of aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As a result, tumor glycolysis may constitute an attractive target for cancer therapy. This approach has often raised concerns that antiglycolytic agents may cause serious side effects toward normal cells. The key to selective action against cancer cells can be found in their hyperbolic addiction to glycolysis, which may be exploited to generate new anticancer drugs with minimal toxicity. There is growing evidence to support many glycolytic enzymes and transporters as suitable candidate targets for cancer therapy. Herein we review some of the most relevant antiglycolytic agents that have been investigated thus far for the treatment of cancer.
Inhibitor κB-α haplotype GTC is associated with susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome in Caucasians* (2007)

The haplotype GTC of NFKBIA gene is associated with higher risk of ARDS in Caucasians, particularly in male patients and in patients with direct lung injury.
MEDUSA: Malware Detection Using Statistical Analysis of System's Behavior (2018)

Traditional malware detection techniques have focused on analyzing known malware samples' codes and behaviors to construct an effective database of malware signatures. In recent times, however, such techniques have inherently exposed limitations in detecting unknown malware samples and maintaining the database up-to-date, as many polymorphic and metamorphic malware samples are newly created and spread very quickly throughout the Internet. To address the limitations of existing signature-based malware scanners, we take a different view and focus on designing a novel malware detection framework, called MEDUSA (MalwarE Detection Using Statistical Analysis of system's behavior), for building a model for a system's behaviors with normal processes. Unlike traditional approaches for malware detection, MEDUSA has the potential to effectively detect unknown malware samples because it is designed to monitor a system's behavior and detect significant changes from the system's normal status. In this paper, we specifically discuss several important considerations that must be taken into account to successfully develop MEDUSA in practice.
Salicylates inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional activation of the tissue factor gene in human monocytic cells (1995)

Binding of plasma Factor VII/VIIa to the tissue factor (TF) receptor initiates the coagulation protease cascades. TF expression by circulating monocytes is associated with thrombotic and inflammatory complications in a variety of diseases. Transcriptional activation of the human TF gene in monocytic cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is mediated by binding of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers to a kappa B site in the TF promoter. Here, we report that a family of anti-inflammatory agents, known as the salicylates, inhibited LPS induction of TF activity and TF gene transcription in human monocytes and monocytic THP-1 cells at clinically relevant doses. Furthermore, sodium salicylate blocked the LPS-induced proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha, which prevented the nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers. In contrast, two other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and indomethacin, did not inhibit LPS induction of the TF gene. These results indicated that salicylates inhibited LPS induction of TF gene transcription in monocytic cells by preventing nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers. The clinical benefits of salicylates in the treatment of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, may be related to their ability to reduce monocyte gene expression.
Occupational Exposures to Cyanide in Baltimore Fire Fighters (1978)

A group of 479 fire fighters were investigated for routine exposure to hydrogen cyanide in the fire atmosphere using measurements of serum thiocyanate (SCN-). Our findings indicate that fire fighters were exposed to levels of hydrogen cyanide sufficient to raise their mean serum thiocyanate (SCN-) levels above that of controls. This elevation of serum SCN- occurred independently of smoking habits. Exposure to cyanide occurred much less frequently than previously studied exposures to carbon monoxide. Difficulties of correlating acute symptoms and the effectiveness of mask use with serum thiocyanate are discussed.
Enabling opportunistic resources sharing on mobile operating systems (2011)

The intense use of hardware resources by mobile applications has a significant impact on the battery life of mobile devices. In this paper we introduce a novel approach for the efficient use of mobile phone resources, by considering the coordinated sharing of resources offered by multiple co-located devices. Taking into account the social behaviour of users, there are frequent situations where similar resources are available by co-located mobile phones. In this work we discuss the feasibility of sharing such resources in an opportunistic way, the possible benefits and the research challenges that need to be addressed in order to implement a reliable and robust solution.
General transfer-matrix method for optical multilayer systems with coherent, partially coherent, and incoherent interference (2002)

The optical response of coherent thin-film multilayers is often represented with Fresnel coefficients in a 2 x 2 matrix configuration. Here the usual transfer matrix was modified to a generic form, with the ability to use the absolute squares of the Fresnel coefficients, so as to include incoherent (thick layers) and partially coherent (rough surface or interfaces) reflection and transmission. The method is integrated by use of models for refractive-index depth profiling. The utility of the method is illustrated with various multilayer structures formed by ion implantation into Si, including buried insulating and conducting layers, and multilayers with a thick incoherent layer in an arbitrary position.
FClock:An Adaptive Buffer Replacement Algorithm for SSD (2010)

Different from existing flash-aware buffer replacement policies that focus on the asymmetry of read and write operations,the authors address the discrepancy of the asymmetry for different flash disks,which is the fact that exists for a long time,while has drawn little attention by researchers since most existing flash-aware buffer replacement polices are somewhat based on the assumption that the cost of read operation is neglectable compared with that of write operation.This paper proposes an adaptive replacement policy(FClock) which has two ring-shaped data structures,i.e.CC(their content remain unchanged) and DC(their content is modified),to manage clean pages and dirty pages in the buffer,respectively.When selecting a victim page,FClock uses cost-based heuristics to fairly make trade off between clean pages and dirty pages,and hence,can work well for different type of flash disks of large discrepancy.Further,for the problem of correlated references to database,virtual memory and file systems,this paper proposes a reference counter based on average hit distance to control the reference frequency.The experimental results on different traces and flash disks show that FClock not only adaptively tunes itself to workloads of different access patterns,but also works well for different kind of flash disks compared with existing methods.
Direct gas-phase formation of complex core–shell and three-layer Mn–Bi nanoparticles (2016)

STEM images and elemental maps of Mn and Bi showing formation of complex core–shell and three-layer structure.
Sapphire Window Mountings for Low Temperature Spectroscopy (1967)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Louis J. Schoen; Sapphire Window Mountings for Low Temperature Spectroscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 October 1967; 38 (10): 1531–1532. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1720585 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Characterization of the binding properties and retrograde axonal transport of a monoclonal antibody directed against the rat nerve growth factor receptor. (1985)

We have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo the specific binding of a monoclonal antibody to the rat nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. Previous work had shown that this antibody, designated 192-IgG, does not compete with NGF for binding to the NGF receptor of PC12 cells, but instead interacts with the receptor to increase NGF binding to PC12 cells (Chandler, C. E., L. M. Parsons, M. Hosang, and E. M. Shooter, 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:6882-6889). In the present study, a solid-phase separation assay verified the specific formation of a ternary complex of 192-IgG, the NGF receptor, and NGF: 125I-labeled 192-IgG precipitated from solution only when incubated with both solubilized NGF receptor and NGF covalently linked to a solid phase (Sepharose 4B). Filtration assays using plasma membrane preparations of various tissues showed strict correlation of 125I-192-IgG and 125I-labeled NGF binding; only membranes obtained from superior cervical ganglion bound significant amounts of the monoclonal antibody and NGF. Injection of 125I-192-IgG into the rat anterior eye chamber led to accumulation of intact antibody molecules in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, indicating retrograde axonal transport of 125I-192-IgG from the neuronal termini, located at the iris, to the cell bodies situated in the ganglion. The time course and saturation characteristics of 125I-192-IgG retrograde transport were very similar to those previously reported for 125I-NGF transport, indicating that 192-IgG can be internalized and transported by the same mechanisms as is NGF. Consistent with results of the in vitro binding assays, 192-IgG and NGF failed to compete for retrograde transport and were actually co-transported. Retrograde axonal transport of 192-IgG appears to be species specific, since 125I-192-IgG was transported in the rat, but not in mice, gerbils, hamsters, or guinea pigs. These results establish monoclonal antibody 192-IgG as a specific probe for the rat NGF receptor in vitro and in vivo.