gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alicyclic Diamines: The Geometric Isomers of Bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-methane (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlicyclic Diamines: The Geometric Isomers of Bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-methaneA. E. Barkdoll, H. W. Gray, and W. Kirk Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 741–746Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 92dB dynamic range sub-μV<inf>rms</inf>-noise 0.8μW/ch neural-recording ADC array with predictive digital autoranging (2018)

High-density multi-channel neural recording is critical to driving advances in neuroscience and neuroengineering through increasing the spatial resolution and dynamic range of brain-machine interfaces. Neural-signal-acquisition ICs have conventionally been designed composed of two distinct functional blocks per recording channel: a low-noise amplifier front-end (AFE), and an analog-digital converter (ADC) [1,2]. Hybrid architectures utilizing oversampling ADCs with digital feedback [3-5] have seen recent adoption due to their increased power and area efficiency. Still, input dynamic range (DR) is relatively limited due to aggressive supply voltage scaling and/or kT/C sampling noise. This paper presents a neural-recording ADC chip with 92dB input dynamic range and 0.99μV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</inf> of noise at 0.8μW power consumption per channel over 500Hz signal bandwidth, owing to 1) a predictive digital autoranging (PDA) scheme in a hybrid analog-digital 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order oversampling ADC architecture, 2) no specific sampling process through capacitors, avoiding kT/C noise altogether. Digitally predicting the analog input at 12b resolution from a 1b quantization of the continuously integrated residue at effective 32 oversampling ratio (OSR), the PDA handles a ±130mV electrode differential offset (EDO) and recovers from >200mV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> transient artifacts within <1ms. Furthermore, using digital circuits for integration ensures the architecture benefits from process scaling and the resulting compactness makes it suitable for incorporation in high-density recording arrays.
Helminth Protection against Autoimmune Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Is Independent of a Type 2 Immune Shift and Requires TGF-β (2011)

Leading hypotheses to explain helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity postulate that type 2 or regulatory immune responses induced by helminth infections in the host limit pathogenic Th1-driven autoimmune responses. We tested these hypotheses by investigating whether infection with the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis prevents diabetes onset in IL-4-deficient NOD mice and whether depletion or absence of regulatory T cells, IL-10, or TGF-β alters helminth-mediated protection. In contrast to IL-4-competent NOD mice, IL-4-deficient NOD mice failed to develop a type 2 shift in either cytokine or Ab production during L. sigmodontis infection. Despite the absence of a type 2 immune shift, infection of IL-4-deficient NOD mice with L. sigmodontis prevented diabetes onset in all mice studied. Infections in immunocompetent and IL-4-deficient NOD mice were accompanied by increases in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell frequencies and numbers, respectively, and helminth infection increased the proliferation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells. However, depletion of CD25(+) cells in NOD mice or Foxp3(+) T cells from splenocytes transferred into NOD.scid mice did not decrease helminth-mediated protection against diabetes onset. Continuous depletion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, but not blockade of IL-10 signaling, prevented the beneficial effect of helminth infection on diabetes. Changes in Th17 responses did not seem to play an important role in helminth-mediated protection against autoimmunity, because helminth infection was not associated with a decreased Th17 immune response. This study demonstrates that L. sigmodontis-mediated protection against diabetes in NOD mice is not dependent on the induction of a type 2 immune shift but does require TGF-β.
New polymer materials in total hip arthroplasty. Evaluation with radiostereometry, bone densitometry, radiography and clinical parameters. (2005)

Study I: EtO sterilized polyethylene increased the femoral head penetration. Age and weight were also important predictors of the penetration rate. Studies II and III: The highly cross-linked polyethylene decreased the penetration rate mainly after one year probably reflecting less wear. The different mechanical properties of the two types of PE studied did not affect the early fixation of the cemented cup. Study IV: There were no obvious advantage of addition of fluoride to acrylic bone cement when used to fixate the femoral component. Study V: Use of fluoride containing cement or uncemented fixation did not improve the early stability of the socket compared to Palacos with Gentamicin.
Gas Sensors Based on Semiconducting Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors (2014)

One-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures are unique sensing materials for the fabrication of gas sensors. In this article, gas sensors based on semiconducting nanowire field-effect transistors (FETs) are comprehensively reviewed. Individual nanowires or nanowire network films are usually used as the active detecting channels. In these sensors, a third electrode, which serves as the gate, is used to tune the carrier concentration of the nanowires to realize better sensing performance, including sensitivity, selectivity and response time, etc. The FET parameters can be modulated by the presence of the target gases and their change relate closely to the type and concentration of the gas molecules. In addition, extra controls such as metal decoration, local heating and light irradiation can be combined with the gate electrode to tune the nanowire channel and realize more effective gas sensing. With the help of micro-fabrication techniques, these sensors can be integrated into smart systems. Finally, some challenges for the future investigation and application of nanowire field-effect gas sensors are discussed.
Hereditary angioedema: epidemiology, management, and role of icatibant (2013)

Abstract: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant, potentially life-threatening condition, manifesting as recurrent and self-limiting episodes of facial, laryngeal, genital, or peripheral swelling with abdominal pain secondary to intra-abdominal edema. The estimated prevalence of HAE in the general population is one individual per 50,000, with reported ranges from 1:10,000 to 1:150,000, without major sex or ethnic differences. Various treatment options for acute attacks and prophylaxis of HAE are authorized and available in the market, including plasma-derived (Berinert ® , Cinryze ® , and Cetor ® ) and recombinant (Rhucin ® and Ruconest™) C1 inhibitors, kallikrein inhibitor-ecallantide (Kalbitor ® ), and bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist-icatibant (Firazyr ® ). Some of these drugs are used only to treat HAE attacks, whereas others are only approved for prophylactic therapies and all of them have improved disease outcomes due to their different mechanisms of action. Bradykinin and its binding to B2 receptor have been demonstrated to be responsible for most of the symptoms of HAE. Thus icatibant (Firazyr ® ), a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, has proven to be an effective and more targeted treatment option and has been approved for the treatment of acute attacks of HAE. Rapid and stable relief from symptoms of cutaneous, abdominal, or laryngeal HAE attacks has been demonstrated by 30 mg of icatibant in Phase III clinical trials. Self-resolving mild to moderate local site reactions after subcutaneous injection of icatibant were observed. Icatibant is a new, safe, and effective treatment for acute attacks of HAE. HAE has been reported to result in enormous humanistic burden to patients, affecting both physical and mental health, with a negative impact on education, career, and work productivity, and with substantial economic burdens. The timely and proper use of disease-specific treatments could improve patients' quality of life, reduce the disease-specific morbidity and mortality, and, last but not least, reduce costs associated with hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Therefore, the paradigm of HAE treatment has the potential to evolve significantly, thereby exponentially improving a patient’s quality of life. Keywords: hereditary angioedema, icatibant, C1 inhibitor, bradykinin
Telomerase Inhibition, Telomere Shortening, and Decreased Cell Proliferation by Cell Permeable 2‘-<i>O</i>-Methoxyethyl Oligonucleotides (2002)

Telomerase is an attractive target for chemotherapy. Testing this hypothesis will require potent inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We report that 2'-methoxyethyl oligonucleotides complementary to the telomerase RNA component diffuse across cell membranes without the need for cationic carrier lipid, inhibit telomerase, and cause telomeres to shorten. The ability of antitelomerase oligomers to enter cells without the need to add lipid will simplify preclinical studies and may suggest advantages for clinical use.
Phylloplane bacteria in a pine forest (1982)

Fluctuation of bacterial population occurring in the three growth stages (young, old, and decaying) of the leaves of Pinus densiflora and in the air of the same pine forest was examined using the dilution plate method. The total count of bacteria isolates from the phylloplanes of pine was not high but seasonal fluctuations, particularly with respect to composition, were marked bacterial populations. Approximately 70% of the total isolates collected in 5 years was found to belong to the following four groups: pink chromogens, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, and coryneform bacteria. Among them, pink chromogens occurred abundantly on the living phylloplanes of P. densiflora during summer. Bacillus was isolated from the various sources all year round. Coryneform bacteria occurred in the air of the pine forest throughout the year. Flavobacterium was observed in all sources, but not in high number. Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were not detected on the phylloplanes in spite of their abundance in the air.
Optical links sizing for broadband geostationary satellite feeder link (2016)

In this paper, optical uplink and downlink are studied in order to ensure the feeder link of the next generation of broadband geostationary satellite with capacity around 1Tbps. For such capacity, optical links are commonly based on pre-amplified optical receiver with Single Mode Fiber (SMF) optical amplifier. Adaptive optic systems are necessary to compensate the distortions embedded by the atmospheric turbulences that decrease the injection efficiency of the downlink and the pointing accuracy of uplink. This paper is focused on the performances achievable with a simple system based on a single fine pointing mechanism. Considering a digital optical feeder link that is transparent with respect to the user segment, a promising capacity per satellite of 300GHz is achieved.
Phosphatidic acid accumulation is an early response in the<i>Cf‐4/Avr4</i>interaction (2004)

The Cladosporium fulvum (Cf)-4 gene of tomato confers resistance to the fungus C. fulvum, expressing the corresponding avirulence (Avr)4 gene, which codes for an elicitor protein. Little is known about how such mechanisms work, but previous studies have shown that elicitor recognition activates Ca(2+) signalling and protein kinases, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK). Here, we provide evidence that a new signalling component, the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), is produced within a few minutes of AVR4/Cf-4 interaction. Using transgenic tobacco cells expressing the tomato Cf-4-resistance gene as a model system, phospholipid signalling pathways were studied by pre-labelling the cells with (32)P(i) and assaying for the formation of lipid signals after challenge with the fungal elicitor AVR4. A dramatic rapid response was an increase in (32)P-PA, together with its metabolic product diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP). AVR4 increased the levels of PA and DGPP in a Cf-4(+)-, time- and dose-dependent manner, while the non-matching elicitor AVR9 did not trigger any response. In general, PA signalling can be triggered by two different pathways: via phospholipase D (PLD), which generates PA directly by hydrolysing structural phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine (PC), or via PLC, which generates diacylglycerol (DAG) that is subsequently phosphorylated to PA by DAG kinase (DGK). To determine the origin of the AVR4-induced PA formation, a PLD-specific transphosphatidylation assay and a differential (32)P-labelling protocol were used. The results clearly demonstrated that most PA was produced via the phosphorylation of DAG. Neomycin and U73122, inhibitors of PLC activity, inhibited AVR4-induced PA accumulation, suggesting that the increase in DGK activity was because of increased PLC activity producing DAG. Lastly, evidence is provided that PLC signalling and, in particular, PA production could play a role in triggering responses, such as the AVR4-induced oxidative burst. For example, PLC inhibitors inhibited the oxidative burst, and when PA was added to cells, an oxidative burst was induced.
Multilayer thin-film holographic storage-a new approach (2003)

Optilink has developed and presented a polarization holographic reading writing system using 1-2 /spl mu/m thick storage layer on a card form media. A storage density of 1.3 bit//spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been achieved without multiplexing with sparse code modulation and Fourier-filtering. Because of the use of a thin storage layer, the volume data density is extremely high in the system. Further enhancement of the areal density up to /spl sim/100 bit//spl mu/m/sup 2/ can be achieved in an improved new polarization holographic system using a multilayer media instead of the thin film. A 6f system for reading with a suitable second spatial filter allows separation of the signal from different layers. This technique combines the advantage of the thin film holography with the idea of the confocal filtering.
Structural Chemistry of a Green Fluorescent Protein Zn Biosensor (2002)

We designed a green fluorescent protein mutant (BFPms1) that preferentially binds Zn(II) (enhancing fluorescence intensity) and Cu(II) (quenching fluorescence) directly to a chromophore ligand that resembles a dipyrrole unit of a porphyrin. Crystallographic structure determination of apo, Zn(II)-bound, and Cu(II)-bound BFPms1 to better than 1.5 A resolution allowed us to refine metal centers without geometric restraints, to calculate experimental standard uncertainty errors for bond lengths and angles, and to model thermal displacement parameters anisotropically. The BFPms1 Zn(II) site (KD = 50 muM) displays distorted trigonal bipyrimidal geometry, with Zn(II) binding to Glu222, to a water molecule, and tridentate to the chromophore ligand. In contrast, the BFPms1 Cu(II) site (KD = 24 muM) exhibits square planar geometry similar to metalated porphyrins, with Cu(II) binding to the chromophore chelate and Glu222. The apo structure reveals a large electropositive region near the designed metal insertion channel, suggesting a basis for the measured metal cation binding kinetics. The preorganized tridentate ligand is accommodated in both coordination geometries by a 0.4 A difference between the Zn and Cu positions and by distinct rearrangements of Glu222. The highly accurate metal ligand bond lengths reveal different protonation states for the same oxygen bound to Zn vs Cu, with implications for the observed metal ion specificity. Crystallographic anisotropic thermal factor analysis validates metal ion rigidification of the chromophore in enhancement of fluorescence intensity upon Zn(II) binding. Thus, our high-resolution structures reveal how structure-based design has effectively linked selective metal binding to changes in fluorescent properties. Furthermore, this protein Zn(II) biosensor provides a prototype suitable for further optimization by directed evolution to generate metalloprotein variants with desirable physical or biochemical properties.
The formation of waveguides and modulators in LiNbO3 by ion implantation (1979)

Ion implantation is an attractive method for writing optical circuits for use in integrated optics. In LiNbO3 it is shown that there are large changes produced in both refractive indices n0 and ne by the energy deposited in nuclear collisions between the implanted ions and the lattice. The process is insensitive to ion species and at 300 K a universal curve exists for the decrease of n0 as a function of deposited energy by nuclear collisions. Saturation changes of −6% occur at 300 °K, and larger values are noted for 77 K implants. The saturation condition is reached after the deposition of ∼1022 keV cm−3 from the ion beams. Because the indices are reduced, ion beams have been used to write low index boundaries to define waveguiding regions. By using energetic light ions (e.g., 2-MeV He+) negligible change is produced in the surface layer where the energy loss is primarily electronic and thus the low index region is formed deep within the solid. The computed and measured mode characteristics are in good agreement. The guides show complex annealing characteristics but absorption losses are negligible after annealing at 200 °C. Guiding action exists after heat treatments up to some 400 °C. The surface layers retain crystallinity and electro-optic properties; as a demonstration of this we report results from three-dimensional modulators formed by helium-ion implantation.
Pyroelectric and electrocaloric materials (2012)

Both the pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects originate from the cross-coupling between polarization and temperature in insulating dielectrics. Although both effects have been studied for many decades for various applications and large pyroelectric effect has been observed in many polar-dielectrics, it is only very recently that a large electrocaloric effect (ECE) was obtained in ferroelectric ceramic thin films and polymers, which revives the interest in the ECE. This review will summarize typical properties of pyroelectric and electrocaloric materials, present figures of merit for both phenomena, examine the relationship between the pyroelectric and electrocaloric effect. Moreover, we will also present theoretical works, experimental results, and material modifications to achieve large responses in electrocaloric materials.
Human Factor Solutions (2011)

Der Human Factor, ein Erfolgsfaktor beim Operieren in Hochrisikobereichen. In der Luftfahrt ist der Human Factor seit über 30 Jahren ein zentrales Thema wenn es um Leistung, Effizienz und Sicherheit geht. Anhand der Militärfliegerei werden die Bedeutung des Human Factors, die Integration im täglichen Einsatz sowie gemachte Erfahrungen aufgezeigt. Aufgrund einer 80% Human Error Rate bei Luftfahrtunfällen steht das Thema zentral beim Sicherheitsmanagement. Die Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Reporting Systemen, das Management einer Sicherheitskultur und mögliche Trainingstools runden den Ausblick in die Luftfahrt ab.
Role of Nitric Oxide in the Colon of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (1998)

The cause of impaired motility, such as diarrhea and toxic megacolon, in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a neurotransmitter in the nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory nerves in the human gut. To assess the physiologic significance of NO in the colon of patients with UC, we investigated enteric nerve responses on lesional and normal bowel segments derived from patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 6) and patients who underwent colon resection for colonic cancers (n = 10). A mechanographic technique was used to evaluate in vitro muscle responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves before and after treatment with various autonomic nerve blockers, including NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and L-arginine. The results showed that (1) NANC inhibitory nerves were found to act on both normal colon and UC colon; (2) the colon with UC was more strongly innervated by NANC inhibitory nerves than the normal colon; (3) L-NNA concentration-dependently inhibited the relaxation in response to EFS in the colon of both normal and UC colon; and (4) this inhibitory effect in the colon of both normal and UC patients was reversed by L-arginine; (5) NO acts more strongly in the UC colon than the normal colon. These findings suggest that NANC inhibitory nerves play an important role in the impaired motility observed in patients with UC and that NO plays an important role as a neurotransmitter in NANC inhibitory nerves of human colon.