gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low [Mg <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>e</sub> Enhances Arterial Spontaneous Tone via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in DOCA-Salt Hypertension (2003)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) has been implicated in low extracellular Mg2+ concentration ( [Mg2+]e)-induced aortic contraction, and Mg2+ deficiency has been associated with hypertension. Moreover, arterial PI3K activity is increased in hypertensive deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt rats. We hypothesized that low [Mg2+]e activates PI3K, eliciting enhanced vascular contraction, PI3K activity, and norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction. Spontaneous tone was monitored in endothelium-denuded aortic strips from sham and DOCA-salt rats exposed to low Mg2+ (0.15 mmol/L), high Mg2+ (4.8 mmol/L), or normal (1.17 mmol/L) physiologic salt solution (PSS) in isolated tissue baths. LY294002 (20 micromol/L), a PI3K inhibitor, or vehicle was added (30 minutes), followed by NE (10(-9) to 3 x10(-5) mol/L). Low [Mg2+]e significantly enhanced tone in aortas from DOCA-salt and sham rats compared with normal PSS (DOCA-salt low [Mg2+]e, +51.5 +7.0 vs DOCA-salt normal PSS, +7.1 +1.4 % of initial phenylephrine [PE] contraction). LY294002 and incubation with high Mg2+ PSS decreased tone in aortas from DOCA-salt rats (low [Mg2+]e LY294002, --87.5 +8.8; normal PSS LY294002, -81.7 +13.7; and high [Mg2+]e, -31.2 +10.8 % of initial PE contraction). Low [Mg2+]e leftward-shifted NE-induced aortic contractions in sham and thus matched the shift observed with DOCA (-log EC50 mol/L: sham PSS, -7.7 +0.1; DOCA-salt PSS, -8.2 +0.1; sham low [Mg2+]e, -8.2 +0.1; and DOCA-salt low [Mg2+]e, -8.1 +0.1). Moreover, this shift was inhibited by LY294002. In conclusion, low [Mg2+]e might activate PI3K, leading to enhanced tone and agonist-induced contraction observed in aortas from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
A Robust Subpixel Motion Estimation Algorithm Using HOS in the Parametric Domain (2009)

Motion estimation techniques are widely used in todays video processing systems. The most frequently used techniques are the optical flow method and phase correlation method. The vast majority of these algorithms consider noise-free data. Thus, in the case of the image sequences are severely corrupted by additive Gaussian (perhaps non-Gaussian) noises of unknown covariance, the classical techniques will fail to work because they will also estimate the noise spatial correlation. In this paper, we have studied this topic from a viewpoint different from the above to explore the fundamental limits in image motion estimation. Our scheme is based on subpixel motion estimation algorithm using bispectrum in the parametric domain. The motion vector of a moving object is estimated by solving linear equations involving third-order hologram and the matrix containing Dirac delta function. Simulation results are presented and compared to the optical flow and phase correlation algorithms; this approach provides more reliable displacement estimates particularly for complex noisy image sequences. In our simulation, we used the database freely available on the web.
Subwavelength structures and their use in diffractive optics (1996)

A novel design for imitating continuous phase profiles by bi- nary subwavelength structures is presented. The working principle has recently been shown for regular gratings like beam deflectors (Haidner et al., 1993) or polarizing beamsplitters (Collischon et al., 1994). Our objective is to transfer this principle to non-strictly periodic gratings such as lenses and further to avoid the strong polarization dependence by using 2-D modulated subwavelength structures. A further objective is to examine the origin of this effect. Two possibilities exist—the resonance effect, because the structure size is nearly as large as the wavelength, and the averaging effect, which should be responsible if the light can not resolve the small structures. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instru- mentation Engineers. Subject terms: diffractive optics; subwavelength structures; infrared physics; lens design.
Disinfection Performance of Peracetic Acid in Florida Wastewater Reuse Applications (2013)

Episodic memories are thought to be stabilized through the coordination of cortico-hippocampal activity during sleep. However, the timing and mechanism of this coordination remain unknown. To investigate this, we studied the relationship between hippocampal reactivation and slow-wave sleep up and down states of the retrosplenial cortex (RTC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We found that hippocampal reactivations are strongly correlated with specific cortical states. Reactivation occurred during sustained cortical Up states or during the transition from up to down state. Interestingly, the most prevalent interaction with memory reactivation in the hippocampus occurred during sustained up states of the PFC and RTC, while hippocampal reactivation and cortical up-to-down state transition in the RTC showed the strongest coordination. Reactivation usually occurred within 150-200 msec of a cortical Up state onset, indicating that a buildup of excitation during cortical Up state activity influences the probability of memory reactivation in CA1. Conversely, CA1 reactivation occurred 30-50 msec before the onset of a cortical down state, suggesting that memory reactivation affects down state initiation in the RTC and PFC, but the effect in the RTC was more robust. Our findings provide evidence that supports and highlights the complexity of bidirectional communication between cortical regions and the hippocampus during sleep.
Spherical ordered mesoporous silicas and silica monoliths as stationary phases for liquid chromatography (2006)

Ordered mesoporous silicas such as micelle-templated silicas (MTS) feature unique textural properties in addition to their high surface area (approximately 1000 m2/g): narrow mesopore size distributions and controlled pore connectivity. These characteristics are highly relevant to chromatographic applications for resistance to mass transfer, which has never been studied in chromatography because of the absence of model materials such as MTS. Their synthesis is based on unique self-assembly processes between surfactants and silica. In order to take advantage of the perfectly adjustable texture of MTS in chromatographic applications, their particle morphology has to be tailored at the micrometer scale. We developed a synthesis strategy to control the particle morphology of MTS using the concept of pseudomorphic transformation. Pseudomorphism was recognized in the mineral world to gain a mineral that presents a morphology not related to its crystallographic symmetry group. Pseudomorphic transformations have been applied to amorphous spherical silica particles usually used in chromatography as stationary phases to produce MTS with the same morphology, using alkaline solution to dissolve progressively and locally silica and reprecipitate it around surfactant micelles into ordered MTS structures. Spherical beads of MTS with hexagonal and cubic symmetries have been synthesized and successfully used in HPLC in fast separation processes. MTS with a highly connected structure (cubic symmetry), uniform pores with a diameter larger than 6 nm in the form of particles of 5 microm could compete with monolithic silica columns. Monolithic columns are receiving strong interest and represent a milestone in the area of fast separation. Their synthesis is a sol-gel process based on phase separation between silica and water, which is assisted by the presence of polymers. The control of the synthesis of monolithic silica has been systematically explored. Because of unresolved yet cladding problems to evaluate the resulting macromonoliths in HPLC, micromonoliths were synthesized into fused-silica capillaries and evaluated by nano-LC and CEC. Only CEC allows to gain high column efficiencies in fast separation processes. Capillary silica monolithic columns represent attractive alternatives for miniaturization processes (lab-on-a chip) using CEC.
Image-Based Motion-Tolerant Remote Respiratory Rate Evaluation (2016)

Contact measurements of the respiratory rate using conventional electrocardiogram equipment requires patients to wear chest straps that can cause skin irritation and discomfort. Therefore, a real-time robust non-contact technique is developed for the measurement of respiratory rate variation. The changes of a simple harmonic motion between inhalation and exhalation from the human's upper body can be observed from visual appearance. Therefore, in this paper, to characterize the motion, a salient region is automatically selected in the energy map resulted from Haar-like features through consecutive frames. Furthermore, a median optical flow signal is used to acquire the primary respiratory rate signal. The effective respiratory frequencies resulted from vertical motion variation are decomposed by median motion signal and then characterized by zero-crossing method before the frequencies were rectified by an estimation using the noise elimination methods. In the experiment, the performance is evaluated using an extensive data set obtained under distinct four respiratory types, regular respiration, respiration with body motion, respiration with distinct poses, and respiration with distinct capturing distances. Our approach develops a convenient non-contact method to evaluate the respiratory rate with the achievement of measurement under farther distance and also outperforms the current state-of-the-art approach in terms of high correlation coefficient. Therefore, the experiment results show its efficacy for real-world environment.
A Super Thin Film Transistor in Advanced Poly Si Films (1986)

A super thin film transistor (SFT), the active layer poly Si of which is 150–200 Å thick, is advanced by Si + implantation and solid phase growth. Poly Si films were amorphized by Si + implantation, and then regrown by annealing at 600°C in N 2 atmosphere for 15 hrs. The maximum grain size increases to 1 µm and electrical properties are advanced. SFT's were fabricated using this technique, and the Si - dose and acceleration energy dependence of field effect mobility µ FE were evaluated. µ FE of more than 100 cm 2 /V·s is obtained at 40 keV and above 2×10 15 /cm 2 Si + dose in 800 Å thick films before oxidation.
Wobbler Facility for Biomedical Experimenis at the Bevalac (1985)

A new wobbler facility has been developed to deliver large uniform fields of relativistic heavy ions at the Bevalac without resorting to the use of scattering material in the beam. The charged particle beams are made to wobble and 'paint' a ring at the target by a pair of dipole magnets, which are placed tandem with their fields orthogonal to each other. The magnets are powered sinusoidally 90 degrees out of phase with each other. By superimposing several rings of appropriate sizes and intensities, large uniform fields are produced. Up to 30 cm diameter fields with less than 5% variation in uniformity have been achieved. Physics and biology measurements have been made to characterize the radiation field.
The absorption characteristics of six sustained-release theophylline preparations. (1992)

Dosing intervals for sustained-release theophylline preparations depend on the rate of formulation absorption, the rate of elimination by the patient, and clinically acceptable fluctuations in serum concentration. A comparative study of intersubject variation in fraction absorbed-time profiles, a process-independent method of comparing rates of absorption, was performed with 6 sustained-release preparations in 6 healthy male volunteers. The sulphasalazine/sulphapyridine method of assessing orocaecal transit time was implemented so that upper gastrointestinal and colonic absorption could be estimated. Time until 90% absorption varied from 4.43 hours to 7.46 hours and the mean percentages of theophylline remaining to be absorbed from the colon were limited to between 7.5% and 29.7% with the various formulations. There was a great intersubject variability in the rate of theophylline absorption and also considerable differences among the volunteers in their formulation-to-formulation absorption profiles. Promotional literature depicting mean or group data masks this variability in absorption profiles. Because host factors related to gastro-intestinal physiology impose highly variable theophylline absorption profiles on sustained-release formulations, it is technically impossible to formulate a suitable once-a-day product for the majority of patients.
A Review on the Antifungal Activity of Different Nanoparticles (2017)

In this study, investigated the antifungal effects of nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, ZnO, TiO2, etc. Nanoparticles have small particle size, large surface area and high reactivity against fungi. Today, some of drugs also available in the market but these drugs are not showing better result against some of fungi. The aim of the review is introducing the new generation antifungal agents for clinical applications. Keywords: Ag–NPs, Antifungal, Nanoparticle, TiO2, ZnO
Disease‐free survival and recurrence after resection of colorectal carcinoma (1981)

Recurrence data from a series of 1,315 colorectal cancer patients managed by one surgeon with potentially curative resection are presented. Complete follow-up information was available on 1,287 (98%) patients. At the time of the last recurrences, 164 and 232 months for rectal and colonic tumours respectively, the long-time recurrence rate was significantly (P = 0.001) higher for rectal tumours (42%) than for colonic (33%). Although local recurrences tended to be more common in rectal than in colonic tumours (18% compared to 15%), only those in contiguity with the operative area were significantly (P less than 0.005) more common in rectal tumours. Systemic recurrences were also significantly (P less than 0.025) commoner for rectal tumours. The greater recurrence rates in rectal tumours were associated with significantly (P less than 0.001) higher incidence of stage C tumours shorter recurrence-free survival in rectal stage C tumours (P = 0.001) and higher incidence of pulmonary metastases (P less than 0.001).
Vorwort (2016)

Kaum jemand hat ein ganzes Zeitalter durch sein Denken so tiefgreifend verändert wie Sigmund Freud. Nach Freud träumen und lieben, denken und phantasieren wir anders. Diese grandiose Biographie schildert Freuds Leben und die Entwicklung der Psychoanalyse als großen Roman des Geistes.<br />
Congestive Heart Failure: Fifty Years of Progress (2000)

Volume 1 of Circulation provides an excellent snapshot of the understanding of the mechanisms and treatment of heart failure a half century ago. During that era, circulatory pathophysiology was at the center of investigative attention. For example, Tinsley Harrison and his group divided heart failure into “primary disorders of filling and primary disorders of emptying,”1 a forerunner of our current terms diastolic and systolic heart failure. The great Swedish clinical physiologist Gustav Nylin used 32P-labeled red blood cells for measuring cardiac output and cardiothoracic blood volume by the indicator-dilution method in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure.2 Andre Cournand’s group defined the pathophysiology of heart failure secondary to cor pulmonale, distinguished it from left ventricular failure, and compared the acute hemodynamic effects of digoxin in these 2 conditions.3 In a seminal paper, Raab and Lepeschkin extracted sympathin from the heart and established norepinephrine as the cardiac adrenergic neurotransmitter.4 In one of the earliest efforts to manage patients with chronic congestive heart failure on an outpatient basis, Vander Veer and colleagues demonstrated the effectiveness and tolerability of an oral form of the widely used parenteral diuretic mercuhydrin.5 

In the 1950s, the role of hypertrophy in the heart’s adaptation to hemodynamic overload was examined. After Laplace’s law was applied to the heart and permitted the calculation of wall stress in the human heart,6 it became clear that myocardial hypertrophy prevents excessive elevation of wall stress consequent to hemodynamic overload.7 8 In the 1960s, there was a lively debate about the mechanism of heart failure secondary to pressure overload. The question was framed as follows: “Does failure of the ventricle as a pump occur in the presence of (an) inadequate contractile mass while the contractile function of each unit (of myocardium) is normal …
Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review.Part I: Biotechnological standards, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and principles of treatment (2007)

Mammals supply their newborn before birth, at birth or shortly after birth with antibodies, immunocytes and humoral constituents. This "borrowed immunity" is a form of passive immunization to protect the newborn against environmental pathogens until it establishes its own pathogen recognition and disposal systems. In cows, goats, horses and some other animal species, most immunoglobulins are obtained from the colostrum, the first milk after birth, via the gut but in humans the majority of immunoglobulins, and those of the IgG-class in particular, are acquired from the mother by placental transport in the weeks prior to parturition. It has long been known that the consumption of bovine colostrum by humans has therapeutic effects e.g. in gastrointestinal infections, but only since the second half of the last century has it been possible to prepare stable, standardized preparations of colostrum. These biologics are administered to patients in combination with standard therapies as so-called balanced supportive diets. Investigations with standardized colostrum preparations in animal models of human disease and estimates of bovine IgG activity in the human GI-tract, described in this review, have provided preclinical data supporting the use of bovine colostrum in human diseases. On the other hand, the number of bovine colostrum products with a sufficiently large and reliable database is limited and the precise nature of the therapeutic targets is still being evaluated.
Injection-locking of terahertz quantum cascade lasers up to 35GHz using RF amplitude modulation (2010)

We demonstrate that the cavity resonance frequency - the round-trip frequency - of Terahertz quantum cascade lasers can be injection-locked by direct modulation of the bias current using an RF source. Metal-metal and single-plasmon waveguide devices with roundtrip frequencies up to 35GHz have been studied, and show locking ranges above 200MHz. Inside this locking range the laser round-trip frequency is phase-locked, with a phase noise determined by the RF-synthesizer. We find a square-root dependence of the locking range with RF-power in agreement with classical injection-locking theory. These results are discussed in the context of mode-locking operation.
OGlcNAcylation and Phosphorylation Have Opposing Structural Effects in tau: Phosphothreonine Induces Particular Conformational Order (2014)

Phosphorylation and OGlcNAcylation are dynamic intracellular protein post-translational modifications that frequently are alternatively observed on the same serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation and OGlcNAcylation commonly occur in natively disordered regions of proteins, and often have opposing functional effects. In the microtubule-associated protein tau, hyperphosphorylation is associated with protein misfolding and aggregation as the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease, whereas OGlcNAcylation stabilizes the soluble form of tau. A series of peptides derived from the proline-rich domain (residues 174-251) of tau was synthesized, with free Ser/Thr hydroxyls, phosphorylated Ser/Thr (pSer/pThr), OGlcNAcylated Ser/Thr, and diethylphosphorylated Ser/Thr. Phosphorylation and OGlcNAcylation were found by CD and NMR to have opposing structural effects on polyproline helix (PPII) formation, with phosphorylation favoring PPII, OGlcNAcylation opposing PPII, and the free hydroxyls intermediate in structure, and with phosphorylation structural effects greater than OGlcNAcylation. For tau196-209, phosphorylation and OGlcNAcylation had similar structural effects, opposing a nascent α-helix. Phosphomimic Glu exhibited PPII-favoring structural effects. Structural changes due to Thr phosphorylation were greater than those of Ser phosphorylation or Glu, with particular conformational restriction as the dianion, with mean (3)JαN = 3.5 Hz (pThr) versus 5.4 Hz (pSer), compared to 7.2, 6.8, and 6.2 Hz for Thr, Ser, and Glu, respectively, values that correlate with the backbone torsion angle ϕ. Dianionic phosphothreonine induced strong phosphothreonine amide protection and downfield amide chemical shifts (δmean = 9.63 ppm), consistent with formation of a stable phosphate-amide hydrogen bond. These data suggest potentially greater structural importance of threonine phosphorylation than serine phosphorylation due to larger induced structural effects.
Reviews of Books (1969)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access Germany 1789–1919. A Political History. By AGATHA RAMM. (London: Methuen, 1967. 84s) W CARR W CARR University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXIV, Issue CCCXXXIII, October 1969, Pages 807–811, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXIV.CCCXXXIII.807 Published: 01 October 1969
Expression and Misexpression of the miR-183 Family in the Developing Hearing Organ of the Chicken (2015)

The miR-183 family consists of 3 related microRNAs (miR-183, miR-96, miR-182) that are required to complete maturation of primary sensory cells in the mammalian inner ear. Because the level of these microRNAs is not uniform across hair cell subtypes in the murine cochlea, the question arises as to whether hair cell phenotypes are influenced by microRNA expression levels. To address this, we used the chicken embryo to study expression and misexpression of this gene family. By in situ hybridization, expression of all 3 microRNAs is robust in immature hair cells of both auditory and vestibular organs and is present in the statoacoustic ganglion. The auditory organ, called the basilar papilla, shows a weak radial gradient (highest on the neural side) in prosensory cells near the base on embryonic day 7. About nine days later, the basilar papilla also displays a longitudinal gradient (highest in apical hair cells) for the 3 microRNAs. Tol2-mediated gene delivery was used to ask whether cell phenotypes are malleable when the prosensory epithelium was forced to overexpress the miR-183 family. The expression plasmid included EGFP as a reporter located upstream of an intron carrying the microRNA genes. The vectors were electroporated into the otic cup/vesicle, resulting in strong co-expression of EGFP and the miR-183 family that persisted for at least 2 weeks. This manipulation did not generate ectopic hair cells in non-sensory territories of the cochlear duct, although within the basilar papilla, hair cells were over-represented relative to supporting cells. There was no evidence for a change in hair cell phenotypes, such as short-to-tall, or basal-to-apical hair cell features. Therefore, while increasing expression of the miR-183 family was sufficient to influence cell lineage decisions, it did not redirect the differentiation of hair cells towards alternative radial or longitudinal phenotypes.
高等教育，发展，与学习经济（上） (2005)

本文考察高等教育、特别是大学在新经济中的作用.文章在对新经济的诉求、知识生产的变化、ICT驱动经济活动的集约化效应、和知识网络的开发等面度上,在高等教育与大学应该保持它们传统的批判功能与文化功能的前提下,进行这项考察.