gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The iridium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aldehydes under mild conditions (2008)

The catalytic decarbonylation of aldehydes has been developed using commercially available [IrCl(cod)](2) and PPh(3) under mild conditions, and the method could be widely applicable to various substrates with different functionalities.
UK Biobank: An Open Access Resource for Identifying the Causes of a Wide Range of Complex Diseases of Middle and Old Age (2015)

Cathie Sudlow and colleagues describe the UK Biobank, a large population-based prospective study, established to allow investigation of the genetic and non-genetic determinants of the diseases of middle and old age.
Evaluation of Use of Syngas for Coal Liquefaction (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of Use of Syngas for Coal LiquefactionRand F. Batchelder and Yuan C. FuCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1979, 18, 4, 594–599Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260072a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i260072a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Call admission control strategy for system throughput maximization considering both call- and packet-level QoSs (2008)

This letter presents a call admission control (CAC) strategy for system throughput maximization in wireless uplink systems. This strategy considers not only the call-level quality of service (QoS) (i.e., blocking probability) but also the packet-level QoS (i.e., outage probability). Using the statistical co-channel interference (CCI) model and state diagram, the outage probability and the blocking probability are investigated as a function of the relative traffic load. We formulate the CAC strategy problem based on relative traffic load, and suggest a solution. The numerical results show that maximum system throughput can be achieved by controlling the relative traffic load. In addition, we illustrate the region where system throughput is constrained by call- and packet-level QoSs. This examination shows that the call and packet-level QoSs must be considered together to achieve maximum system throughput.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF SODIUM SULFITE AND BISULFITE WITH NITRO‐ AND HYDROXYLAMINO‐ANTHRAQUINONES (1978)

Abstract 1‐Nitroanthrachinon (I) reagiert mit wäßriger Natriumsulfitlösung unter Substitution der Nitrogruppe zu Anthrachinonsulfonsäure (II).
Complete Pelvic Ring Failure After Posterior Iliac Bone Graft Harvesting (1999)

Care should be taken when considering autograft harvesting in patients with risk factors for osteoporosis. The outcome could be debilitating.
ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (1964)

A study by hemagglutination-inhibition test showed that 19 strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus grouped themselves in two main types, which have been designated North American and South American. The former consists of ten strains from the eastern half of the United States, from Massachusetts to Florida; Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and, subject to confirmation, Thailand. The South American type comprises nine strains from Panama, Trinidad, British Guiana, Brazil, and Argentina. The strains were isolated from different natural hosts over a period of 30 years.
Variation in protein and trypsin inhibitor activity with maturity and amino acid composition of winged bean (<i>Psophocarpus tetragonolobus</i>) seeds (1991)

Abstract The protein and trypsin inhibitor activity in pods and seeds of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC) increase, and in the pod hull decrease, with the maturity of plant. The seeds of 21 cultivars both exotic and of Indian origin cultivated on marginal alkaline soil (pH 8.7) were analysed for protein (36.4–45.3) and amino acid composition (lysine 4.8 to 6.7).
A Combined Cycle Designed to Achieve Greater Than 60 Percent Efficiency (1995)

In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Morgantown Energy Technology Center, Westinghouse is working on Phase 2 of an 8-year Advanced Turbine Systems Program to develop the technologies required to provide a significant increase in natural gas-fired combined cycle power generation plant efficiency. In this paper, the technologies required to yield an energy conversion efficiency greater than the Advanced Turbine Systems Program target value of 60 percent are discussed. The goal of 60 percent efficiency is achievable through an improvement in operating process parameters for both the combustion turbine and steam turbine, raising the rotor inlet temperature to 2600°F (1427°C ), incorporation of advanced cooling techniques in the combustion turbine expander, and utilization of other cycle enhancements obtainable through greater integration between the combustion turbine and steam turbine.
Distinguishing Pancreatic Carcinoma From Other Periampullary Carcinomas by Analysis of Mutations in the Kirsten-ras Oncogene (1991)

The prevalence of Kirsten (Ki)-ras gene mutations was studied in 105 paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 40 patients with pancreatic cancer, 48 with bile duct carcinoma (19 distal, 6 middle, and 23 proximal), 16 with ampullary carcinoma and 1 with duodenal cancer, by in vitro amplification of target sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With regard to pancreatic cancers, the authors' data confirm the very high frequency (88.6%) of Ki-ras gene mutations occurring at codon 12. Five pancreatic carcinomas did not contain the Ki-ras mutation and included rare types of histopathology. By histologic review after the examination of Ki-ras mutations through PCR, the diagnosis of four patients could be legitimately revised from other periampullary carcinoma to pancreatic carcinoma. In the ampullary carcinoma, the prevalence of mutations in Ki-ras codon 12 was 13.3%. Although there was a large difference in incidence of mutations between distal and middle or proximal bile duct carcinoma, the prevalence of mutations in bile duct carcinoma was limited to 19.6%. Unlike other approaches to diagnose periampullary carcinoma, detection of a mutation in Ki-ras codon 12 by PCR may distinguish pancreatic carcinoma from other periampullary carcinomas that have better prognoses.
Thermoacoustic engines (1993)

Thermoacoustic engines are energy-conversion devices that achieve simplicity and reliability by use of acoustics. Their efficiency can be a substantial fraction of the Carnot efficiency. In thermoacoustic prime movers, heat flow from a high-temperature source to a low-temperature sink generates acoustic power. In thermoacoustic refrigerators, acoustic power is used to pump heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink. Applications of thermoacoustics under development at several institutions will be shown, possibility including refrigeration, sonar, cryogen liquefaction, and electric-power generation. Fundamental principles of thermoacoustics will be reviewed, and assumptions underlying our present (linear) understanding will be discussed. Limitations of our present understanding will be outlined, and their implications for design of practical devices will be discussed.
Sensitization of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by ursolic acid (2012)

Radiation therapy has been widely used for treating human cancers. However, cancer cells develop radioresistant phenotypes that decrease the efficacy of radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in apoptotic cell death. Therefore, radiation therapy combined with a sensitizer, which modulates cellular redox status, has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy in a variety of human cancers. Here, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in rosemary and holy basil. IR-induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines such as DU145, CT26 and B16F10 was significantly enhanced by UA, as reflected by DNA fragmentation, cellular redox status, mitochondrial dysfunction and modulation of apoptotic marker proteins. Additionally, UA combined with IR was also effective for inhibiting tumorigenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells implanted into mice. Taken together, these results suggest that applying UA together with IR may be an effective combination modality for treating cancer.
Modeling Brain Resonance Phenomena Using a Neural Mass Model (2011)

Stimulation with rhythmic light flicker (photic driving) plays an important role in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, mood disorder, migraine, and epilepsy. In particular, the adjustment of spontaneous brain rhythms to the stimulus frequency (entrainment) is used to assess the functional flexibility of the brain. We aim to gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying this technique and to predict the effects of stimulus frequency and intensity. For this purpose, a modified Jansen and Rit neural mass model (NMM) of a cortical circuit is used. This mean field model has been designed to strike a balance between mathematical simplicity and biological plausibility. We reproduced the entrainment phenomenon observed in EEG during a photic driving experiment. More generally, we demonstrate that such a single area model can already yield very complex dynamics, including chaos, for biologically plausible parameter ranges. We chart the entire parameter space by means of characteristic Lyapunov spectra and Kaplan-Yorke dimension as well as time series and power spectra. Rhythmic and chaotic brain states were found virtually next to each other, such that small parameter changes can give rise to switching from one to another. Strikingly, this characteristic pattern of unpredictability generated by the model was matched to the experimental data with reasonable accuracy. These findings confirm that the NMM is a useful model of brain dynamics during photic driving. In this context, it can be used to study the mechanisms of, for example, perception and epileptic seizure generation. In particular, it enabled us to make predictions regarding the stimulus amplitude in further experiments for improving the entrainment effect.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Phenylene-Bridged Aminophosphine Ligands: Acceleration of N-Arylation and Aryl Fluoride Phosphorylation Reactions (2008)

Hindered beta-aminoarylphosphines show promise as bidentate ligands for metal centers, but their reported synthesis requires heating at high temperatures for several days. Herein are reported conditions by which the two steps composing this synthesis, Buchwald-Hartwig amination and nucleophilic phosphorylation reactions, may both be completed in less than 3 h using microwave irradiation. The effects of several parameters on the outcome of the amination reaction are discussed, as are some indications of the scope within which each of these microwave protocols is effective.
Somewhat Secure Mobile Electronic-Voting Systems Based on the Cut-and-Choose Mechanism (2009)

This paper studies mobile devices mediated electronic voting system based on the distributed Pailler's encryptions; We apply the standard cut-of-the-choose technique to avoid the computational zero-knowledge proofs and show that the proposed scheme is efficient yet somewhat provably secure in the simulation-based paradigm.
Immobilization of “Disguised” yeast in chemically crosslinked chitosan beads (1994)

A new simple method for the preparation of chemically crosslinked chitosan beads is presented. It consists of the dropwise addition of 2-3% (w/v) low molecular weight chitosan solution containing 2% (w/v) glyoxal in 1% (w/v) tetrasodiumdiphosphate, pH 8.0. Immobilized viable baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) could be obtained via gel entrapment within the new beads when means preventing their direct contact with soluble chitosan were provided, "disguising" the cells until gelation and crosslinking were completed. Such means included cell suspension in castor oil or mixing with carboxymethyl-cellulose powder. Application of these means was shown to be necessary, as cells exposed to soluble chitosan immediately lost their viability and glycolytic activity. Yeast disguised in castor oil was also protected from bead reinforcement by glutaraldehyde treatment, significantly strengthening bead stability while operating under acidic conditions. This capability was demonstrated by continuous ethanol production by chitosan entrapped yeast.
Ergonomists’ and Engineers’ Views on the Utility of Virtual Human Factors Tools (2015)

Abstract A qualitative research study was conducted through explorative workshops to better understand the experiences, perceptions, needs, and expectations of the users and potential users of virtual human factors (VHF) tools. Five VHF tools were presented to ergonomists, engineers, and managers who participated in four whole‐day interactive workshops: HF enabled predetermined motion time systems (PMTS), discrete event simulation (DES), complex and simple digital human models (DHM), and virtual reality (VR). Data were collected by note‐takers, digital audio recording, and written feedback. Identified characteristics shared by the tools were organized into 9 categories that act as a motivational or deterring factor for the use of the tool: time, cost, training, difficulty of use, trustworthiness, graphics, flexibility, usefulness, and report presentation. Other tool specific areas of improvement were also identified by participants to help developers improve these design instruments.
Spaceboard II Panels: Preliminary Evaluation of Mechanical Properties (1995)

This preliminary evaluation of the properties of Spaceboard II (SBII) was undertaken to establish the potential of a pulp-molded product in structural-use applications and to develop a basis upon which to optimize the Spaceboard pulp molding process. Various tests were implemented to characterize significant engineering properties, including static concentrated load, panel bending, panel shear, bearing strength, and coupon tension and compression strength. Although these tests were preliminary in nature, they were nonetheless adequate to show that SBII panels perform quite satisfactorily under dry conditions, relative to the current performance requirements established for structural-use panels. Our tests on SBII demonstrated that with proper formation and densification, a three-dimensional pulp molding process such as Spaceboard provides the opportunity to create structural products from fiber and to obtain the performance required of conventional products.
Parallel implementation of artificial neural network training (2010)

In this paper we describe the implementation of a complete ANN training procedure for speech recognition using the block mode back-propagation learning algorithm. We exploit the high performance SIMD architecture of GPU using CUDA and its C-like language interface. We also compare the speed-up obtained implementing the training procedure only taking advantage of the multi-thread capabilities of multi-core processors. Our approach has been tested by training acoustic models for large vocabulary speech recognition tasks, showing a 6 times reduction of the time required to train real-world large size networks with respect to an already optimized implementation using the Intel MKL libraries.
(Perhalomethylthio)heterocycles. XX [1]. N‐Funktionalisierung des Tetrakis(trifluormethylthio)pyrrols (1985)

Abstract Die aciden Eigenschaften des Tetrakis(trifluormethylthio)pyrrols konnten durch die Darstellung des Cu I ( 5a ), (C 6 H 5 ) 3 P · Au I ( 5b ) und Zn II ‐Salzes ( 5c ) bestätigt werden. Zusätzliche Beweise für das halogenähnliche Verhalten des Tetrakis(trifluormethylthio)pyrrolylradikals sind durch die Synthese von Organoquecksilber‐ ( 3 ) und Organooniumsalze ( 6 ) erbracht worden. Durch Umsetzung von 2b mit FC(O)Cl oder von 1 mit CH 2 I 2 in Gegenwart von konz. NaOH werden 7 oder 8 erhalten. Physikalische Daten der neu hergestellten Verbindungen werden angegeben. Die Gruppenelektronegativität des Radikals von 1 ist ermittelt worden.
The topical treatment of onychomycosis using a new combined urea/imidazole preparation (1988)

Forty-two patients with mycologically proven onychomycosis involving 48 nails were treated topically with a paste formulation of 1% bifonazole and 40% urea following one of two treatment regimens. The results using the most effective regimen (Regimen 2), which involved daily application of the medication for 1 week, produced a mycological cure rate of 62–5% at 12 weeks, reduced to 46% at follow-up at 24 weeks. These results compare favourably with those obtained by long-term systemic treatment with griseofulvin. Such topical treatment ought to be considered as an alternative in onychomycosis especially that of the toenails.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Amino‐8‐alkoxy Quinolines as MCHr1 Antagonists. Part 3. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cortical reliability amid noise and chaos (2019)

Typical responses of cortical neurons to identical sensory stimuli appear highly variable. It has thus been proposed that the cortex primarily uses a rate code. However, other studies have argued for spike-time coding under certain conditions. The potential role of spike-time coding is directly limited by the internally generated variability of cortical circuits, which remains largely unexplored. Here, we quantify this internally generated variability using a biophysical model of rat neocortical microcircuitry with biologically realistic noise sources. We find that stochastic neurotransmitter release is a critical component of internally generated variability, causing rapidly diverging, chaotic recurrent network dynamics. Surprisingly, the same nonlinear recurrent network dynamics can transiently overcome the chaos in response to weak feed-forward thalamocortical inputs, and support reliable spike times with millisecond precision. Our model shows that the noisy and chaotic network dynamics of recurrent cortical microcircuitry are compatible with stimulus-evoked, millisecond spike-time reliability, resolving a long-standing debate.
A BMC Analog/Digital PHY for Type-C USB Power Delivery Chip in 0.14 μm CMOS Technology (2019)

A type-C BMC transceiver in 0.14 μm CMOS technology is presented. The analog PHY in combination with digital PHY supports BMC (Biphase Mark Coding) data for USB PD (Power Delivery) negotiation trough a Type-C cable. It compensates signal levels loss and duty cycle distortion due to ground shifting at two sides of Type-C cable. Analog receiver includes a BMC squelch detector, decision maker comparators and duty cycle correction circuit. Analog transmitter includes slew rate control circuit and linear line driver. Digital PHY makes more correction on duty cycle in receive side and sends BMC codded data for transmitter. Analog transceiver which is connected to connector facing high voltage pins are protected against high voltage surge. Receiver consumes 0.2 mA of current under 3V supply and transmitter consumes 1.7 mA of current to drive a 50-ohm/1-nF load. Total area of receiver and transmitter with all supporting circuits and high voltage switches is 0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The implemented transceiver is in compliance with USBPD and type-C standards with respect to all required parameters.
A 0.38-V operating STT-MRAM with process variation tolerant sense amplifier (2013)

This paper exhibits a 65-nm 8-Mb spin transfer torque magnetoresistance random access memory (STT-MRAM) operating at a single supply voltage with a process-variation tolerant sense amplifier. The proposed sense amplifier comprises a boosted-gate nMOS and negative-resistance pMOSes as loads, which maximizes the readout margin in any process corner. The STT-MRAM achieves a cycle time of 1.9 μs (= 0.526 MHz) at 0.38 V. The operating power is 6.15 μW at that voltage. The minimum energy per access is 3.89 pJ/bit when the supply voltage is 0.44 V. The proposed STT-MRAM operates at lower energy than SRAM when a utilization of a memory bandwidth is 14% or less.
Mitochondria “fuel” breast cancer metabolism: Fifteen markers of mitochondrial biogenesis label epithelial cancer cells, but are excluded from adjacent stromal cells (2012)

Here, we present new genetic and morphological evidence that human tumors consist of two distinct metabolic compartments. First, re-analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiling data revealed that > 95 gene transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation were significantly elevated in human breast cancer cells, as compared with adjacent stromal tissue. Remarkably, nearly 40 of these upregulated gene transcripts were mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs), functionally associated with mitochondrial translation of protein components of the OXPHOS complex. Second, during validation by immunohistochemistry, we observed that antibodies directed against 15 markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation (AKAP1, GOLPH3, GOLPH3L, MCT1, MRPL40, MRPS7, MRPS15, MRPS22, NRF1, NRF2, PGC1-α, POLRMT, TFAM, TIMM9 and TOMM70A) selectively labeled epithelial breast cancer cells. These same mitochondrial markers were largely absent or excluded from adjacent tumor stromal cells. Finally, markers of mitochondrial lipid synthesis (GOLPH3) and mitochondrial translation (POLRMT) were associated with poor clinical outcome in human breast cancer patients. Thus, we conclude that human breast cancers contain two distinct metabolic compartments-a glycolytic tumor stroma, which surrounds oxidative epithelial cancer cells-that are mitochondria-rich. The co-existence of these two compartments is indicative of metabolic symbiosis between epithelial cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. As such, epithelial breast cancer cells should be viewed as predatory metabolic "parasites," which undergo anabolic reprogramming to amplify their mitochondrial "power." This notion is consistent with the observation that the anti-malarial agent chloroquine may be an effective anticancer agent. New anticancer therapies should be developed to target mitochondrial biogenesis and/or mitochondrial translation in human cancer cells.