gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcome of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma (2002)

Objective To review the long-term follow-up data from the authors’ institutional experience of 62 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) treated with a uniform multimodality regimen. The authors determined the rate of breast preservation, the disease-free and overall survival, and the factors associated with locoregional and distant recurrent disease. Summary Background Data It remains a challenge to achieve local and distant control of LABC. Over the last decade, preoperative or neoadjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as the standard of care for these patients. Successful tumor downstaging has been associated with increased rates of breast-conserving therapy (BCT), but the overall effect on long-term survival remains to be seen. Methods This study examines a cohort of 62 patients with LABC treated at the authors’ institution from 1992 to 1998. The uniform treatment regimen consisted of neoadjuvant doxorubicin (Adriamycin), followed by operation (BCT if sufficient clinical downstaging), followed by non-cross-resistant cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil, followed by radiation therapy. Treatment was both dose-intensive and time-intensive, with a total treatment time of 32 to 35 weeks. Results In this patient population, the median age was 44 years, with approximately two thirds white patients and one third African American. Eighty-two percent of patients were clinical stage III at presentation, 13 patients had T4d inflammatory cancers, and 3 patients were stage IV at diagnosis. Eighty-four percent of patients demonstrated a significant clinical response to doxorubicin. Twenty-eight patients had sufficient clinical downstaging to attempt BCT, and 22 (45%) of 49 noninflammatory patients underwent successful BCT. Pathologic complete response was seen in 15% of patients. Median follow-up for the cohort was 70 months. The local recurrence rate was 14%, including two ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences (10%) in the BCT patients. Seven (12%) patients developed a new primary cancer in the contralateral breast. Distant metastases occurred in 18 (31%) patients, and the 5-year overall survival rate for the cohort was 76%. Furthermore, in the patients who underwent an attempt at BCT, the survival rate was 96% at 5 years. Conclusions Dose-intensive and time-intensive multimodality neoadjuvant therapy was successfully administered to a mixed racial group over shortened times. Patients who had sufficient clinical downstaging to allow BCT have the best long-term outcome. Patients who required mastectomy are at a higher risk of relapse, as well as the development of new contralateral cancers, yet have 5-year survival rates of over 50%.
MiceTrap: Scalable traffic engineering of datacenter mice flows using OpenFlow (2013)

Datacenter network topologies are inherently built with enough redundancy to offer multiple paths between pairs of end hosts for increased flexibility and resilience. On top, traffic engineering (TE) methods are needed to utilize the abundance of bisection bandwidth efficiently. Previously proposed TE approaches differentiate between long-lived flows (elephant flows) and short-lived flows (mice flows), using dedicated traffic management techniques to handle elephant flows, while treating mice flows with baseline routing methods. We show through an example that such an approach can cause congestion to short-lived (but not necessarily less critical) flows. To overcome this, we propose MiceTrap, an OpenFlow-based TE approach targeting datacenter mice flows. MiceTrap employs scalability against the number of mice flows through flow aggregation, together with a software-configurable weighted routing algorithm that offers improved load balancing for mice flows.
Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering. (1997)

Two experiments compared collaborative and individual recall. In Experiment 1, participants encoded pictures and words with a deep or shallow processing task, then recalled them twice either individually or collaboratively. Collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups (pooled individuals), thus exhibiting collaborative inhibition. However, group recall appeared to be more stable over time than individual recall. Groups and individuals both showed a picture-superiority effect, a level-of-processing effect, and hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, participants recalled the story "War of the Ghosts" (from F. C. Bartlett, 1932), and again collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups. Both the individual and collaborative recalls were highly organized. There was evidence that the collaborative groups tended to rely on the best individual to a greater extent in story than in list recall. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms are considered.
Rapamycin-resistant Proliferation of CD8+ T Cells Correlates with p27 Down-regulation and bcl-xL Induction, and Is Prevented by an Inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activity (2004)

Rapamycin inhibits the proliferation of many mammalian cell types, including lymphocytes, making the compound useful as an immunosuppressant. Rapamycin has also been a useful tool for studying signaling mechanisms regulating cellular proliferation. However, the effects of rapamycin remain poorly understood, and the precise mechanisms of clinical action remain elusive. Previously, we found that, depending on the strength of the signal delivered to the T cell via both the T cell receptor and the costimulatory molecule CD28, CD8+ T cells are capable of rapamycin-resistant proliferation. Here, we have further elucidated the mechanism of rapamycin-resistant proliferation of human CD8+ T cells. Under conditions where rapamycin inhibited proliferation, p27kip1 down-regulation was prevented, whereas under conditions resulting in rapamycin-resistant proliferation, p27kip1 was down-regulated. Further, T cell receptor/CD28-dependent induction of bcl-xL expression was not inhibited by rapamycin, which correlated with both rapamycin-resistant proliferation and increased cell survival. Moreover, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity was able to eliminate rapamycin-resistant proliferation of freshly isolated CD8+ human cells, strongly suggesting that phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity was required for the rapamycin-resistant proliferation of CD8+ T cells. The selective immunosuppressive effect of rapamycin in human CD8+ T cell populations could be predictive of a selective effect allowing cytotoxic responses during microbial infections where there are strong strengths of signals associated with high affinity T cell receptors and strong costimulatory second signals. In contrast, the weaker autoimmune and perhaps allogeneic responses can be selectively inhibited by the actions of rapamycin.
Olfactory Stimuli as Context Cues in Human Memory (1989)

Olfactory stimuli were used as context cues in a recognition memory paradigm. Male college students were exposed to 50 slides of the faces of college females while in the presence of a pleasant or an unpleasant odor. During the acquisition phase, ratings of physical attractiveness of the slides were collected. After a 48-hr delay, a recognition test was given using the original 50 slides and 50 new slides. The recognition test was conducted with either the original odor or the alternative odor present. A no-odor control group did not receive olfactory cues. The attractiveness ratings indicated that the odor variations had no effect on these social judgments. Analyses of d' scores, hits, and false alarms for the recognition performance indicated support for the predicted interaction in which presence of the same odor at both sessions led to better overall performance.
<i>In situ</i> photoluminescence investigation of doped Alq (2002)

We report the photoluminescence (PL) properties measured in situ from vacuum-deposited organic films of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM), where the red emission from the guest molecules is due to Förster energy transfer of excited state energy from host to guest. Both bare DCM-doped Alq (Alq:DCM) and bilayer Alq/Alq:DCM films have been studied, with the thickness of the Alq overlayer continuously varied in the latter case. The PL spectra from the bilayer structure contain no Alq contribution when its thickness is below 2.4 nm. Taking the value as the maximum distance for which the Alq exciton can travel in the film and still transfer its energy to a DCM molecule, the minimum DCM concentration in Alq:DCM necessary to produce red emission only can be estimated at 0.31 wt %. The most efficient red emission appears at the DCM concentration of about 1.7 wt %, at which more than 90% Alq-originated excitons are involved in the Förster energy transfer process. There exists a gradual red shift of the PL spectra with increasing DCM concentration, which can be attributed to the polarization and accompanying aggregation tendency of DCM molecules in Alq during the formation of the doped films.
The Performance of High-Frequency and Picoliter-Droplet Inkjet Printhead by a Standard CMOS Processes (2004)

Enhance of the number and array density of nozzles within an inkjet head chip is the key to raise the printing speed and printing resolutions. The smart printhead has been designed by a 0.5 um CMOS processes. The physical design rules of 0.5um 2P2M 12V/12V, (Double Poly Double Metal Vds/Vgs) high voltage process and MIXED-MODE processes. This study develops the integrated multiplexer driver inkjet head (IMDH) by a standard CMOS processes to reduce the connecting addresses needed for controlling the nozzle orifices which ejection the small size of droplet. By using both the high-dose current (HDC) driver and high-dose current driver integrated (HDCI) process, it is able to control over 400 nozzles within an inkjet head chip and improve the chipset packaging density and alignment accuracy. The spec of IMDH printhead developed by OES/ITRI is 408nozzles/432heaters, 5 pL of ejected droplet volume and with the operating firing frequency of 18kHz. Combining both the HDCI process and high-density micro-fluidic channel design architecture, IMDH inkjet head is the supreme product developed by OES/ITRI in the present state and is the same or even higher level with famous factory's highest end of commercial products. This technology could be applied not only on the inkjet printhead products but also on many other applications.
Analysis of the Marker Compounds of Rhodiola rosea L. (Golden Root) by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. (2001)

An HPLC method permitting the first simultaneous detection of 5 marker compounds (salidroside, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, rosiridin) of R. rosea was developed. A separation was achieved within 27 min by using C-18 column material, a phosphate buffer/acetonitrile gradient system and at a separation temperature of 60 degrees C. All five compounds could be detected at concentrations as low as 0.62 microg/ml and were clearly assignable in R. rosea plant material and commercial products. Therefore, this quantitative and qualitative applicability of the method offers efficient and reliable means for the evaluation of R. rosea and products thereof.
Polarization-dependent effects in point-by-point fiber Bragg gratings enable simple, linearly polarized fiber lasers (2009)

Fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with a femtosecond laser using the point-by-point (PbP) technique have polarization dependent grating strength (PDGS) and exhibit birefringence. In this paper we quantify the dependence of these two properties on the ellipticity, position in the core and size of the micro-voids at the center of each refractive index modulation. We demonstrate that the effective modal index for type II gratings written with a femtosecond laser using the PbP method must be lower than that of the pristine fiber, and for the first time associate an axis with a polarization such that the long axis of the elliptically-shaped index modulations corresponds to the slow axis of the gratings. We exploit the PDGS of two gratings used as frequency-selective feedback elements as well as appropriate coiling, to realize a linearly-polarized fiber laser with a low birefringence fiber cavity. We show that the polarization-dependent grating strength is a function of the writing pulse energy and that only gratings optimized for this property will linearly polarize the fiber laser. The fiber lasers have high extinction ratios (>30 dB) for fiber lengths of up to 10 m and very stable polarized output powers (<0.5% amplitude fluctuations) in the range of 20-65 mW at 1540 nm. This method of polarization discrimination allows the realization of highly robust and simplified linearly polarized fiber lasers.
북유럽 태권도 진출 역사에 대한 소고 (2017)

본 연구는 외적 성장과는 달리 엘리트 스포츠 위주의 한국 내 태권도 현실에서 야기되는 다양한 문제를 고려하기 위한 방안을 찾기 위해 북유럽에 태권도를 보급하고 유지하고 있는 이들의 모습을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 핀란드, 스웨덴, 노르웨이, 덴마크에서 태권도를 보급한 이들을 대상으로 한 인터뷰와 그 지역과 관련이 있는 다양한 문헌을 수집하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 북유럽에서 태권도를 보급했던 이들은 도장위주의 한국적 수련체계와는 다른 클럽 형식의 수련체계 속에서 다양한 수련 층을 유지하고 있었다. 그와 같은 현실은 단지 기술전수가 아닌 무도 철학적 접근이 가능한 수련체계, 화려한 공연 요소가 있는 시범보다는 현실적인 시범 그리고 호신술, 예의범절과 같은 태권도가 원래부터 가지고 있던 무도적 수련체계라는 본질을 유지하며 발달시킨 프로그램이 있었기에 가능한 것이었다.
Specific heat and magnetic properties of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 and R0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (R=Nd, Sm, Dy, and Ho) (2003)

Magnetization and specific heat measurements of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3, Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3, Sm0.5Ca0.5MnO3, Dy0.5Ca0.5MnO3, and Ho0.5Ca0.5MnO3 samples were performed. Near the charge ordering (CO) and ferromagnetic transition temperatures, the specific heat curves showed peaks superimposed to the characteristic response of the lattice oscillations. These peaks allowed us to estimate the entropy variation for each phase transition. The entropy variation corresponding to the CO transition was higher than the one corresponding to the ferromagnetic transition. Furthermore, specific heat measurements in presence of a 9 T magnetic field showed that this field was not strong enough to affect the specific heat in the CO phase transition region. Our results suggest that the CO phase is very stable and almost independent of magnetic fields.
Spin-rotation phenomena and magnetic phase diagrams of hexagonal RMnO3 (2003)

Magnetic phase diagrams of the hexagonal RMnO3 (with R=Sc, Y, Ho, In, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) compounds in the magnetic-field/temperature plane are established by linear and nonlinear magneto-optical techniques. Eight different magnetic phases of the Mn3+ sublattice and at least three different phases of the R3+ sublattices are distinguished. Phase coexistence and photoinduced modification of the magnetic structure are observed. Magnetic reorientations of the Mn3+ lattice can occur via in-phase or antiphase rotation of the triangularly frustrated spins in the adjacent crystallographic planes.
Cerebrovascular characterization of clazosentan, the first nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist shown to be clinically effective for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Part II: Effect on endothelinB receptor—mediated relaxation (2005)

The present investigation shows a competitive inhibition of ET(B) receptor-mediated relaxation in cerebral vessels by clazosentan in therapeutically relevant concentrations. Thus, additional clinical trials should be undertaken to evaluate clazosentan concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, the present data may be taken to describe the pharmacological properties for an ET receptor antagonist specifically tailored for the treatment of pathological conditions of impaired cerebral blood flow.
Segmentation-based lossless compression for color images (2003)

It is generally accepted that a color image may be encoded by using a gray-scale compression technique on each of the three-color planes. Such an approach, however, does not take advantage of the correlation existing between the color planes. In this paper, a new segmentation-based lossless compression method is proposed for color images. The method exploits the correlation existing among the three-color planes by treating each pixel as a vector of three components, and performing region growing and difference operations using the vectors. The method performed better than the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard by an average of 0.68 bit/pixel with a database including four natural color images of scenery, four images of burn wounds, and four fractal images. A transformation from the RGB planes to the luminance, in-phase, and quadrature-phase (YIQ) planes is applied, obtaining much better compression efficiency, given by 2.42 b/pixel over JPEG.
New Attacks and Defenses for Randomized Caches (2019)

The last level cache is vulnerable to timing based side channel attacks because it is shared by the attacker and the victim processes even if they are located on different cores. These timing attacks evict the victim cache lines using small conflict groups(SCG), and monitor the cache to observe when the victim uses these cache lines again. A conflict group is a collection of cache lines which will evict the target cache line. Randomization is often used by defenses to prevent creation of SCGs. We introduce new attacks to demonstrate that the current randomization schemes require an extremely high refresh rate to be secure, on average a 15\% performance overhead, and upto 50\% in the worst case. Next, we propose a new randomization strategy using an indirection table, which mitigates this issue. Addresses of cache lines are encrypted and used to lookup the indirection table entry. Each indirection table entry stores a mapping to a randomly chosen cache set. The cache line is placed into this randomly chosen set. The encryption key changes upto 50x faster than CEASER's default rate, by using evictions to trigger the re-randomization. Instead of moving cache lines, this mechanism re-randomizes one iTable entry at a time, whenever the cache lines corresponding to the iTable entry are naturally evicted. Thus, the miss rate is not much worse than the baseline. We quantitatively show that our scheme does almost as well as a fully associative cache to defend against these attacks. We also demonstrate new attacks that target the iTable by oversubscribing its entries, and quantitatively show that our scheme is resilient against new attacks for trillions of years. We estimate low area ( < 7\%) and power overhead compared to a baseline inclusive last-level cache. Lastly, we evaluate a low performance overhead (<4%) using the SPECrate 2017 and PARSEC 3.0 benchmarks.
Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Human Prostate Cancer by Conditionally Replicating Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Vector G207 (2000)

Over the last few years, a conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) vector, G207 has been used for the treatment of several malignant tumors. In this article we evaluate the anti-tumoral effect of G207 against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. The susceptibility of the human prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3 to G207 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 was examined. In addition, the growth characteristics of G207 were assessed. Athymic mice with s.c. tumors were inoculated in vivo intraneoplastically with 1 x 10(7) plaque-forming units (PFU) of G207. For the pathological analyses, s.c. tumors were stained with X-gal. DU145 and PC3 were efficiently destroyed by G207 within 7 days. The viral yields of G207 increased time-dependently. In vivo, the intraneoplastic inoculation of G207 induced a significant inhibition of the tumor growth. The mean tumor growth ratio was significantly inhibited in the G207-treated tumors (DU145, P < 0.0001; PC3, P < 0.001 versus controls). In a pathological study, many lacZ-positive cells were diffusely present in the G207-treated tumors. G207 showed a significant antitumoral effect against human prostate cancer cell lines, and thus may be considered a useful agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.
New investigations of the reaction of epichlorohydrin with hindered amines: X-ray and NMR analyses (1989)

During the synthesis of a series of new antiarhythmic drugs, the reaction between epichlorohydrin and hindered amines was reinvestigated. With primary amines, 3-azetidinols were formed in fair yields. The X-ray structure elucidation of one of these compounds (1: P2 1 /n, a = 17.210, b = 6.665, c = 23.585, β = 102.29, and R = 0.064 for 2005 observed reflections) and NMR studies led to the conclusion that both the hydroxy group and the bulky nitrogen substituent are on the same side of the azetidine ring. With secondary amines, the reaction was very complex, leading to diamino dioxane, diamino alcohols, amino alcohol ethers, and one glycol. X-ray analysis and 1 H and 13 C NMR studies allowed complete assignments for all compounds. All but one exhibited a slow interconversion of the nitrogen visible in the 13 C NMR spectra. Keywords: epichlorohydrin, hindered amines, azetidinol, adamantane, alkanol amines.
Intrinsic presence of poly (ADP-ribose) is significantly increased in malignant prostate compared to benign prostate cell lines. (2003)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation plays important roles in cellular DNA repair mechanisms as well as in cellular proliferation and genomic stability. Four carcinoma cell lines, LNCaP, PC-3, C4-2 and MatLu, and one prostate epithelial cell line, PNT1A, were tested using the H10 antibody to poly(ADP-ribose) by Western blotting and FACS analysis for basal and activated (10 mM H2O2) PARP activity. In both analyses, higher levels of basal polymer were present in the LNCaP cell line than in the prostate epithelial cell line or the MatLu cell an line. LNCaP cells demonstrated greater than 90% positive analyzed cells in FACS analysis both before and after treatment with H2O2. PNT1A epithelial cells demonstrated evidence of polymer presence only after treatment with H2O2. Microsatellite instability due to increased oxidative damage in tumor cells has been proposed as a means for accumulation of genetic changes. As oxidative stress can stimulate poly(ADP-ribose) reactions, an increased presence of the polymer may indicate a high level of oxidative damage occurring in the tumor cells, contributing to higher levels of genetic instability towards progression.
Application Issues of Active Power Filters (1998)

In this article, common nonlinear loads have been characterized into two types of harmonic sources, current-source type of harmonic source and voltage-source type of harmonic source. Compensation characteristics of both parallel active filters and series active filters have been discussed analytically and experimentally for these two types of harmonic sources. The corresponding required operation conditions, features, application issues, and adaptive harmonic sources of both filters have been presented. The fact that the traditional active filter, the parallel active filter, is not a panacea to harmonic compensation, and that one cannot use it blindly, has been clearly addressed. The parallel active filter will increase harmonic current and may cause overcurrent of the load when the load is a harmonic voltage source. Instead, it has been verified that the series active filter is better suited for compensation of a harmonic voltage source such as a diode rectifier with smoothing DC capacitor. The conclusions of this article also imply that when a parallel active filter is installed in a power system network such as at a point of common coupling, the network impedance and main harmonic sources downstream from the installation point should be investigated in order to get good performance and to minimize influence to the loads downstream. In some cases, a combined system of parallel active filter and series active filter may be necessary by utilizing the harmonic isolation function of the series active filters. No doubt active filters are superior to passive filters if used in their niche applications.