gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[3H]GDP binding and thermogenin amount in brown adipose tissue mitochondria from cold-exposed rats (1985)

Brown fat mitochondria were isolated from cold-exposed and control rats, and their content of the brown-fat-specific 32-kDa "uncoupling" protein thermogenin determined both by the traditional [3H]GDP-binding method and by the recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In mitochondria isolated from both cold-acclimated (3 wk at 4 degrees C) and cold-exposed rats (24 h), an increase in thermogenin content was observable, both when estimated by the [3H]GDP-binding method and by the ELISA assay, and there was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of these increases in the two methods. In 1 h cold-exposed rats there was no increase in [3H]GDP binding or in the ELISA reaction. When the amount of thermogenin was plotted against [3H]GDP binding in the different states, a relationship of 75,000 g thermogenin per mole GDP bound was obtained. Based on the resolution of these two methods, and under the three conditions investigated, it was concluded that there was no reason to postulate the existence of a "masked" form of thermogenin or of an "unmasking" process and that thermogenin in the mitochondria, as in the isolated state, has apparently one GDP binding site per dimer.
A bisphosphonate for 19F-magnetic resonance imaging (2016)

<sup>19</sup>F-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising technique that may allow us to measure the concentration of exogenous fluorinated imaging probes quantitatively <i>in vivo.</i> Here, we describe the synthesis and characterisation of a novel geminal bisphosphonate (<sup>19</sup>F-BP) that contains chemically-equivalent fluorine atoms that show a single and narrow <sup>19</sup>F resonance and a bisphosphonate group that may be used for labelling inorganic materials based in calcium phosphates and metal oxides. The potential of <sup>19</sup>F-BP to provide contrast was analysed <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> using <sup>19</sup>F-MRI<i>. In vitro</i> studies demonstrated the potential of <sup>19</sup>F-BP as an MRI contrast agent in the millimolar concentration range with signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) comparable to previously reported fluorinated probes. The preliminary <i>in vivo</i> MRI study reported here allowed us to visualise the biodistribution of <sup>19</sup>F-BP, showing uptake in the liver and in the bladder/urinary system areas. However, bone uptake was not observed. In addition, <sup>19</sup>F-BP showed undesirable toxicity effects in mice that prevent further studies with this compound at the required concentrations for MRI contrast. This study highlights the importance of developing <sup>19</sup>F MRI probes with the highest signal intensity achievable.
Model-based deadzone optimization for stack-run audio coding with uniform scalar quantization (2008)

In this paper we present a model-based method to optimize the dead- zone of uniform scalar quantization in transform audio coding. The input signal is coded in modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain by uniform scalar quantization followed by context-based arithmetic coding. The optimal deadzone is derived using a non- asymptotic method, assuming that the distribution of MDCT coefficients is approximated by a generalized Gaussian model. We show that deadzone optimization improves slightly quality, especially at low bitrates.
<i>N</i>‐acyl‐L‐leucines of biologically active uncommon fatty acids: Synthesis and antibacterial activity (1993)

The effect of structural variation in the fatty acid chain on the antibacterial activity of N ‐acyl‐L‐leucines was investigated. Pure N ‐acyl leucines of some structurally different and biologically active uncommon fatty acids were synthesized for the first time and tested for antimicrobial activity. N ‐Stearoyl‐, N ‐oleoyl‐ and N ‐ricinoleoyl leucines were also evaluated for comparison. The N ‐acyl leucines exhibited greater activity in acid form than the methyl ester form and against gram positive bacteria than gram‐negative bacteria. The presence of a cyclopropane or a hydroxy group or unsaturation in the acyl chain increased the antibacterial activity. Shifting the hydroxyl group toward the amide linkage resulted in a diminished effect on the antibacterial activity.
Central service as a clinical department. (1986)

Central service is a viable, moving, dynamic area that provides service and expertise in finance, production, and clinical care. To recognize and understand its financial and production-based aspects and yet ignore the clinical aspects is to operate ineffectively. Clinical application of the central service area is an operational imperative for materiel management. It is a vehicle for direct participation in clinical care, and it should be developed extensively. By advocating central service as a clinical area, materiel management becomes an integral, clinical part of health care provision.
An efficient algorithm for analytic signal generation for time-frequency distributions (2002)

In this paper we discuss methods to produce the discrete analytic signal from a discrete real-valued signal. An analytic signal associated with a real signal is a complex signal which contains only positive frequencies and whose projection onto the real axis is the same as the original signal. There are many applications where analytic signals are useful, including the field of communication systems. Our use stems from instantaneous-frequency estimation and time-frequency signal analysis problems. For these problems the negative frequency component of real signals causes unwanted interference. The task of designing a filter to produce an approximation to the ideal analytic signal is not as simple as its formulation might suggest. Our result is that the direct methods of zeroing the negative frequencies, or using Hilbert transform filters, have undesirable defects. We present an alternative, which is similar to the 'quadrature' filters used in modem designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discrete-time analysis of the leaky bucket scheme with threshold-based token generation intervals (1996)

In the ATM network, the leaky bucket scheme is a promising method that regulates input traffics for preventive congestion control. In order to satisfy the loss probability constraint of more bursty input traffic, it is known that the leaky bucket scheme with static token generation interval requires larger data buffer and token pool size. This causes an increase in the mean waiting time for input traffic to pass the leaky bucket scheme, which would be inappropriate for real time traffics such as voice and video. The authors present the leaky bucket scheme with threshold-based token generation intervals in which the token generation interval changes according to buffer occupancy. The proposed leaky bucket scheme is analysed in the discrete-time case by assuming the arrival process to be a Markov-modulated Bernoulli process (MMBP). The authors show that the quality of service (QoS) of input traffics is satisfied with smaller data buffer and token pool size in the proposed leaky bucket scheme.
Proof of a recursive program: Quicksort (1971)

This paper gives the proof of a useful and non-trivial program, Quicksort (Hoare, 1961). First the general algorithm is described informally; next a rigorous but informal proof of correctness of the coded program is given; finally some formal methods are introduced. Conclusions are drawn on the possibility of enlisting mechanical aid in the proof process.
Waste Pickle Liquor (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWaste Pickle LiquorRichard D. HoakCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 5, 614–618Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50449a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50449a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A molecular basis of cryopreservation failure and its modulation to improve cell survival. (2001)

The requirement for more effective cryopreservation (CP) methodologies in support of the emerging fields of cell bioprocessing and cell therapy is now critical. Current CP strategies appropriately focus on minimizing the damaging actions of physicochemical stressors and membrane disruption associated with extra- and intracellular ice formation that occurs during the freeze-thaw process. CP protocols derived from this conceptual paradigm, however, yield suboptimal survival rates. We now provide the first report on the identification of delayed-onset cell death following CP and the significance of modulating molecular biological aspects of the cellular responses (apoptosis) to low temperature as an essential component to improve postthaw outcome. In this study we quantitatively examined the molecular basis of cell death associated with CP failure in a canine renal cell model. In addition, we report on the significant improvement in CP outcome through the modulation of these molecular mechanisms by the utilization of an organ preservation solution. HypoThermosol. Further, the utilization of HypoThermosol as the preservation medium and the modulation of molecular-based cell death have led to a paradigm shift in biologic preservation methodologies. The recognition of molecular mechanisms associated with CP-induced cell death offers the promise of improved CP of more complex and/or fragile biological systems such as stem cells, engineered tissues, and human organs.
Spectral and Photophysical Behaviors of Curcumin and Curcuminoids (2000)

In order to obtain detailed information on ground and excited states of curcumin and curcuminoids, as well as to understand the photobiological characteristics of them, their spectral and photophysical behaviors are investigated in various conditions. Various curcuminoids were obtained and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. In n-hexane, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of these compounds contain some structure, which disappear in more polar solvent such as methanol. The fluorescence intensities of curcumin and dimethylated curcumin decrease as the concentration of water increases. The intensities also decrease as the solvent varies from neutral to extremely acidic (lower than pH 1.5) or to basic (higher than pH 8.0) condition. These results indicate that the spectral and photophysical properties of both of curcumin and curcuminoids are strongly influenced by solvent, water, and pH.
Peace River Tar Flow Experiments Under in Situ Conditions (1980)

ABSTRACT In a preceding paper1 we described some chemical properties of Peace River tars, i.e., solvation properties of asphaltenes and their reflection of the thermal history of the tar in the reservoir. It was suggested that the thermal alteration observed in tar samples produced during the Shell 1973-74 field test at Peace River could lead to important changes in the flow properties of the tar relative to its initial unaltered state. With the above factors in mind, we have performed a series of flow experiments with Peace River cores preserved as nearly as possible in their natural state. The conditions chosen were such as to simulate the hot zone present in the Bullhead Sand reservoir during the 1973-74 field test. All flow runs were made at temperatures of 380 – 389°F (193-198°C). The sand plugs were subjected to an isostatic effective stress of~ 1,100 psig (7,584 kPa), with the overburden pressure held at~ 1,500 psig (10,342 kPa) and the back pressure on the fluids at ~ 400 psig (2,758 kPa). This was intended to simulate original in-situ burial conditions.
Fast Photorefractive effect in PVK:C60:DEANST Polymer Composite (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast Photorefractive effect in PVK:C60:DEANST Polymer CompositeMaciek E. Orczyk, Jaroslaw Zieba, and Paras N. PrasadCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 35, 8699–8704Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100086a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (736 KB) Get e-Alerts
<i>Arabidopsis </i>prolyl 4‐hydroxylases are differentially expressed in response to hypoxia, anoxia and mechanical wounding (2007)

Prolyl 4‐hydroxylases (P4H; EC 1.14.11.2) have been studied extensively in various organisms and recently in relation to oxygen deficiency while little is known about their role in response to similar stresses in plants. To this direction, we investigated the expression patterns of Arabidopsis P4Hs under hypoxia, anoxia and mechanical wounding. The 13 Arabidopsis P4Hs are low‐abundance transcripts with differential patterns of expression in response to two hypoxic, 1.5% and 5% O 2 , anoxic conditions and mechanical wounding. The majority of AtP4Hs showed higher levels of expression in roots compared with shoots under hypoxia and anoxia. Hypoxia of 1.5% O 2 induced the expression of six AtP4Hs, while hypoxia of 5% O 2 and anoxia induced the expression of three and two AtP4Hs, respectively. Moreover, we identified in silico, 308 Arabidopsis genes among the differentially expressed genes under hypoxia that contain proline hydroxylation motifs. It is likely that the AtP4Hs hydroxylate proline residue(s) of the 308 polypeptides suggest involvement in their post‐translational modification process. This modification might serve as an alternative level of regulation for the function of these polypeptides in the context of hypoxic response. Furthermore, six AtP4Hs were upregulated in response to mechanical wounding, suggesting involvement in this stress response.
Transmit antenna shuffling for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with linear receivers (2006)

In this letter, we propose a transmit antenna shuffling scheme for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QO-STBCs). We show that by adaptively mapping the space-time sequences of the QO-STBC to the appropriate transmit antennas depending on the channel condition, the proposed scheme can improve its transmit diversity with limited feedback information. The performance of the scheme with various numbers of shuffling patterns is analyzed. The bit error probability of the schemes is evaluated by simulations. It is demonstrated that with the linear zero-forcing (ZF) and the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) receivers, the closed-loop QO-STBC using two feedback bits can achieve almost the same performance as the ideal 4-path diversity and it is about 4-5 dB better than the open loop schemes.
Modeling Production and Evaluating Fracture Performance in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs (2009)

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering. Abstract This article examines issues with forecasting and evaluating production from unconventional gas reservoirs such as those in the Barnett shale. How can reservoirs be commercial with matrix permeability measured not in millidarcies or even microdarcies (10-3md), but nanodarcies (10-6md)—typically, 10 to 100 nanodarcies? The key is maximizing the reservoir area that is connected to the wellbore by creating a very large manmade- fracture network. But how do we create a fracture network? The answer is large-volume high-rate hydraulicfracture treatments that use water and small-mesh proppant to "activate" or stimulate the existing natural fractures or rock fabric. The created fractures are far from the classic "planar" model; they are large, complex flow networks that typically encompass 50 acres or more where the rock has been "broken." Gas production is a function of the number and complexity of fractures created, the effective fracture conductivity, and the matrix permeability. Understanding the relationship between gas recovery and fracture complexity, fracture conductivity, and matrix permeability is a key component of economic shale-gas development. This article will highlight the application of reservoir simulation to model production in shale-gas reservoirs, providing significant insights into these relationships that can improve stimulation designs, completion practices, and field-development strategies. Currently, most shale-gas resources are being developed with horizontal wells, and the reservoir simulations in this article focus on horizontal completions. Introduction The exploitation of unconventional gas reservoirs has become an ever increasing component of the North American gas supply. Gas shales are organic-rich shale formations and are apparently the source rock as well as the reservoir. The gas is stored in the limited pore space of these rocks, and a sizable fraction of the gas in place may be adsorbed on the organic material. The success of the Barnett shale has led to the development of other shale plays in North America, including the Woodford, Haynesville, Fayetteville, and Marcellus. The natural-gas resource potential of gas shales is estimated to be between 500 and 1,000 Tcf (Arthur et al. 2008).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Bond Fission in Methyl Mercaptan at 193 nm via Radial Derivative Coupling Between the 2 1A′′ and 1 1A′′ Adiabatic Electronic States (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumour-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as predictors of clinical outcome in glioma (2014)

The combination of CD4(+) and CD8(+) TILs is a predictor of clinical outcome in glioblastoma patients, and a high level of CD4(+) TILs combined with low CD8(+) TILs was associated with unfavourable prognosis.
Developments in the Resistance Status of the Southern Cattle Tick to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides (1968)

Journal Article Developments in the Resistance Status of the Southern Cattle Tick to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides Get access R. D. Shaw, R. D. Shaw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Cook, M. Cook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. E. Carson, Jr. R. E. Carson, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 61, Issue 6, 16 December 1968, Pages 1590–1594, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.6.1590 Published: 16 December 1968 Article history Accepted: 26 June 1968 Published: 16 December 1968
Aromatase Inhibitors Prevent Granulosa Cell Differentiation: An Obligatory Role for Estrogens in Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Expression (1985)

To determine the role of newly synthesized estrogens in LH receptor expression, granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol-implanted immature rats were cultured with FSH plus aromatase inhibitors. When present throughout the 48-h culture period, 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-OHA; greater than or equal to 100 microM) and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (greater than or equal to 5 microM) inhibited FSH-induced LH receptor formation by 40% and 90%, respectively. Both aromatase inhibitors caused relatively greater inhibition of LH receptor formation when added from 20-48 h of culture, the period during which FSH-stimulated estrogen synthesis occurs (85% maximal inhibition with 4-OHA and 95% with 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione). Addition of estradiol, but not androstenedione, reversed the reduction of LH receptor formation by 4-OHA, indicating that the effects of the aromatase inhibitors were specifically related to their blockade of estradiol synthesis. The stimulation of estrogen production by FSH alone (8-fold) or with androstenedione (80-fold) during the 48-h culture period was prevented by 4-OHA. FSH-stimulated cAMP production was initially enhanced by 4-OHA from 0-20 h of culture, but was reduced from 20-48 h. Lower concentrations of 4-OHA (less than or equal to 50 microM) amplified FSH-stimulated cAMP production and LH receptor formation. However, these responses were blocked by the antiestrogen keoxifene or the antiandrogen flutamide, indicating that 4-OHA or a metabolite may have partial estrogenic or androgenic properties. The inhibitory effects of higher concentrations of 4-OHA on LH receptor expression were potentiated by keoxifene or flutamide. These results indicate that estrogen production and action are necessary for LH receptor expression in the granulosa cell.