gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carboxylic acids as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in acidic and alkaline solutions (1990)

Inhibition of carboxylic acids of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions has been studied using weight-loss and hydrogen evolution methods. The order of inhibition action of aromatic acids depends on the number and position of the carboxylic groups and the other substituents in the benzene ring. Increase of the chain length increases the inhibiting power of aliphatic acids. The inhibition efficiency in NaOH is higher than that in HCI solutions. The action of inhibition was discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the inhibitors.
Shell‐by‐Shell Synthesis of Tin Oxide Hollow Colloids with Nanoarchitectured Walls: Cavity Size Tuning and Functionalization (2006)

A facile shell-by-shell templating method (see image) has been developed for the preparation of monodispersed, polycrystalline tin oxide hollow colloids with a nanoarchitectured wall structure. The cavity size is easily tuned by using silica templates of different sizes. Functionalization of the interior space of these colloids is also demonstrated. The deposition protocol can be used to coat polycrystalline tin oxide onto other nonsilica materials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2007/z600445_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High‐mobility group box‐1 in sterile inflammation (2014)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was originally defined as a ubiquitous nuclear protein, but it was later determined that the protein has different roles both inside and outside of cells. Nuclear HMGB1 regulates chromatin structure and gene transcription, whereas cytosolic HMGB1 is involved in inflammasome activation and autophagy. Extracellular HMGB1 has drawn attention because it can bind to related cell signalling transduction receptors, such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4 and TLR9. It also participates in the development and progression of a variety of diseases. HMGB1 is actively secreted by stimulation of the innate immune system, and it is passively released by ischaemia or cell injury. This review focuses on the important role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic sterile inflammatory conditions. Strategies that target HMGB1 have been shown to significantly decrease inflammation in several disease models of sterile inflammation, and this may represent a promising clinical approach for treatment of certain conditions associated with sterile inflammation.
Contrasting characteristics of linear-field and cross-field atmospheric plasma jets (2008)

This letter reports an experimental study of two types of atmospheric pressure plasma jets in terms of their fundamental properties and their efficiency in etching polymeric materials. The first plasma jet has a cross-field configuration with its electric field perpendicular to its gas flow field, whereas the second is a linear-field device having parallel electric and flow fields. The linear-field jet is shown to drive electron transportation to the downstream application region, thus facilitating more active plasma chemistry there. This is responsible for its etching rate of polyamide films being 13-fold that of its cross-field counterpart.
Weight loss-induced increases in osteocalcin are associated with improvements in glucose homeostasis (2011)

Background: Recent data suggest that the weight loss-associated increase in the osteoblast-specific peptide osteocalcin (OC) might be related, not to increased bone formation, but to the endocrine action of OC enhance to both pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity of target tissues. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the possible role of serum OC as a regulator of glucose homeostasis following weight loss in sedentary overweight or obese women. Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of three independent weight-loss intervention studies, which varied in weight-loss magnitude and duration. Serum glucose, insulin, bone formation (OC and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP) and resorption (C-terminal peptide of type I collagen, CTX) markers were measured before and after weight loss in sedentary overweight or obese women (n=77) and were compared with data from active, lean controls (n=46). Results: Fasting insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR significantly improved with weight loss. OC and CTX increased significantly following weight reduction, while BAP remained unchanged. The percent increase in OC was positively associated with the magnitude of the weight loss (r=0.25, p=0.02), while the increase in CTX was not (r=0.10, p=0.26). Following weight loss, serum OC was negatively associated with fasting glucose (r= -0.232, p=0.02), and weight-lossassociated changes in serum OC were positively correlated with changes in HOMA2-%B (r=0.33, p=0.04). Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that OC might play a role in the improvements in glucoregulation observed following weight reduction in overweight, sedentary women.
Connecting in-vehicle entertainment with CE devices via Multi-Platform Web Applications (2011)

This paper presents a software platform for coupling vehicles and portable CE devices. A customized Multi-Platform Web Application Framework is combined with Web Service device coupling protocols in order to adapt applications from CE devices to the vehicle's entertainment system for safe and comfortable use.
Phosphoramidon blocks the pressor activity of porcine big endothelin-1-(1-39) in vivo and conversion of big endothelin-1-(1-39) to endothelin-1-(1-21) in vitro. (1991)

In porcine aortic endothelial cells, the 21-amino acid peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is formed from a 39-amino acid intermediate called "big endothelin-1" (big ET-1) by a putative ET-converting enzyme (ECE) that cleaves the 39-mer at the bond between Trp-21 and Val-22. Since big ET-1 has only 1/100-1/150th the contractile activity of ET-1, inhibition of ECE should effectively block the biological effects of ET-1. Big ET-1 injected intravenously into anesthetized rats produces a sustained pressor response that presumably is due to conversion of big ET-1 into ET-1 by ECE. We determined the type of protease activity responsible for this conversion by evaluating the effectiveness of protease inhibitors in blocking the pressor response to big ET-1 in ganglion-blocked anesthetized rats. The serine protease inhibitor leupeptin, the cysteinyl protease inhibitor E-64, and the metalloprotease inhibitors captopril and kelatorphan were all ineffective at blocking the pressor response to big ET-1. However, the metalloprotease inhibitors phosphoramidon and thiorphan dose-dependently inhibited the pressor response to big ET-1, although phosphoramidon was substantially more potent than thiorphan. None of the inhibitors blocked the pressor response to ET-1 and none had any effect on mean arterial pressure when administered alone. In a rabbit lung membrane preparation, ECE activity was identified that was blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitors phosphoramidon and 1,10-phenanthroline in a concentration-dependent manner. This enzyme converted big ET-1 to a species of ET that comigrated on HPLC with ET-1 and produced an ET-like contraction in isolated rat aortic rings. Our results suggest that the physiologically relevant ECE is a metalloprotease.
Parallel computing for real time gauze detection in laparoscopy images (2017)

Automatic systems are crucial for expanding the capabilities of surgeons, especially in minimally invasive surgery. In this paper we present an image processing system that detects in real time the surgical sponges in the video captured by the endoscope. This application is the first part of an automatic system to avoid the risk of inadvertent retention of gauzes in the patient body after the operation. The detection algorithm present real time capabilities using an affordable multicore hardware.
β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic antagonists and melatonin reset the clock and restore sleep in a circadian disorder, Smith-Magenis syndrome (2003)

irst described by Smith et al 1 in 1982, Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a contiguous gene syndrome ascribed to interstitial deletions of chromosome 17p11.2. Clinical features include infantile hypotonia, characteristic craniofacial appearance, brachydactyly, short stature, ocular anomalies, deep, hoarse voice, early speech delay, mental retardation, and behavioural disturbances. 2 3 Behavioural problems include hyperactivity, attention deficit, self-injury, temper tantrums, and major sleep disturbance. 4 These symptoms have a major impact on the children and their families. The diagnosis is based on high resolution karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). leep disturbances occur in all cases and are predictive of maladaptive behaviour, increased by mental retardation and cognitive delay. The specific pattern of sleep disturbance in SMS includes early sleep onset, frequent awakenings, and early waking. 6 7 Moreover, "sleep attacks" at the end of the day are consistent features of the disease and may represent the endogenous sleep onset of the patients. The children could therefore be regarded as having a sleep phase advance.
Modeling the information systems architecture: an object-oriented approach (2002)

Presents an object-oriented design approach for modeling an information systems architecture (ISA). An ISA is a plan for modeling the global information requirements of an enterprise and provides a way to map the information needs of an organization, relate them to specific processes and document their interrelationships. This mapping is then used to guide applications development and to facilitate the integration and sharing of data. To facilitate these functions, an object-oriented modeling system (ELISA) is introduced in which the primitives of the ISA correspond to the natural language used by managers and executives. The research reported is a prototype design that focuses on a representation, storage, access, and manipulation scheme of enterprise meta-data. A repository system is described for the storage of information required by the ISA. An example shows how an object representation of the ISA is applied to the information requirements of a small business. Directions for further research are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasmonic Bragg Reflectors for Subwavelength Hole Arrays in a Metal Film (2007)

We present plasmonic Bragg reflectors for increasing the extraordinary optical transmission through periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures in a metal film. The increase in transmission arises by preventing loss at the edges of the array. The plasmonic Bragg reflectors have periodicity of half the usual array's periodicity. Nano-hole arrays flanked thus by reflectors exhibited double the transmission as compared to the arrays without the reflectors. These structures may also be used to isolate devices in plasmonic integrated circuits.
MS4A4A: a novel cell surface marker for M2 macrophages and plasma cells (2017)

MS4A4A is a member of the membrane-spanning, four domain family, subfamily A (MS4A) that includes CD20 (MS4A1), FcRβ (MS4A2) and Htm4 (MS4A3). Like the first three members of this family, transcription of MS4A4A appears to be limited to hematopoietic cells. To evaluate expression of the MS4A4A protein in hematopoietic cell lineages and subsets we generated monoclonal antibodies against extracellular epitopes for use in flow cytometry. In human peripheral blood we found that MS4A4A is expressed at the plasma membrane in monocytes but not in granulocytes or lymphocytes. In vitro differentiation of monocytes demonstrated that MS4A4A is expressed in immature but not activated dendritic cells, and in macrophages generated in the presence of interleukin-4 ('alternatively activated' or M2 macrophages) but not by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide ('classically' activated or M1 macrophages). MS4A4A was expressed in the U937 monocytic cell line only after differentiation. In normal bone marrow, MS4A4A was expressed in mature monocytes but was undetected, or detected at only a low level, in myeloid/monocytic precursors, as well as their malignant counterparts in patients with various subtypes of myeloid leukemia. Although MS4A4A was not expressed in healthy B lymphocytes, it was highly expressed in normal plasma cells, CD138+ cells from multiple myeloma patients, and bone marrow B cells from a patient with mantle cell lymphoma. These findings suggest immunotherapeutic potential for MS4A4A antibodies in targeting alternatively activated macrophages such as tumor-associated macrophages, and in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.
5,10,20,25,35,40-Hexanornonapyrrin:  The Largest Structurally Characterized Oligopyrrole Prepared to Date (1997)

The synthesis and X-ray diffraction-based characterization of a nonapyrrolic oligomer 2 [5,5‘‘-bis((2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrol-5‘‘-yl)vinyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole] is reported. It was prepared by condensing 2 equiv of the 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2‘‘-formyl-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,5‘‘-terpyrrole (8) with 1 equiv of 3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole (9). A similar procedure, involving the condensation of 1 equiv of the 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2‘‘-formyl-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,5‘‘-terpyrrole (8) with 1 equiv of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole (10) was found to give rise to the corresponding hexameric system 4 bis(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrol-5‘‘-yl)methene, a system that was likewise characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. It was also found that replacing the monoformyl terpyrrole 8 by the corresponding bipyrrole, namely 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2‘-formyl-3,4,3‘,4‘-tetramethyl-5,5‘-bipyrrole (13), and condensing 2 equiv of it with 1 equiv of 9 gives rise to the heptapyrrole 5,5‘‘-bis((2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘-tetramethyl-5,2‘-bipyrrol-5‘-yl)vinyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole (3).
Characterization of Immortalized Osteoclast Precursors Developed from Mice Transgenic for Both bcl-XL and Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen* (1999)

We recently developed an immortalized osteoclast (OCL) precursor cell line that forms large numbers of OCLs. This cell line was derived from mice doubly transgenic for bcl-X(L) and large T antigen that was targeted to cells in the OCL lineage (bcl-X(L)/Tag cells). We have now characterized these cells in terms of their surface and enzymatic phenotype, responsiveness to osteotropic factors, and differentiation potential. The bcl-X(L)/Tag cells expressed interleukin-1 receptors 1 and 2, gelatinase B (MMP9), as well as Mac-1, CD16/CD32 (Fcgamma receptors), CD45.2 (common leukocyte marker), CD86 (costimulatory molecule expressed on B cells, follicular dendritic cells, and thymic epithelium), major histocompatibility complex I, and nonspecific esterase when cocultured with MC3T3E1 cells. However, they did not express the antigens for F4/80 (mature macrophage/dendritic cell marker) by immunostaining. Treatment of bcl-X(L)/Tag cells, cocultured with MC3T3E 1 cells, with the combination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone induced high levels of OCL formation. The bcl-X(L)/Tag cells formed large numbers of OCLs when cultured with RANK ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the absence of feeder cells. In the absence of RANK ligand and a feeder cell layer, 100% of the cells differentiated into F4/80-positive cells. However, neither PTH nor PTH-related protein enhanced OCL formation by bcl-X(L)/Tag cells even when they were cocultured with primary osteoblasts, suggesting that they differ from primary mouse bone marrow cells in their responsiveness to PTH/PTH-related protein. Thus, bcl-X(L)/Tag cells have many of the properties of primary mouse OCL precursors and should be very useful for studies of OCL differentiation and divergence of OCL precursors from the macrophage lineage.
Substance P enhances the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from neuroglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. (1994)

The neuropeptide, substance P (SP), can stimulate secretion of TNF-alpha from macrophages. Neuroglia have SP receptors and subserve various macrophage-like functions in the central nervous system. We investigated whether SP stimulates secretion of TNF-alpha from primary cultures of neuroglial cells containing both astrocytes (approximately 90%) and microglia (approximately 10%). SP alone had no effect; however in the presence of LPS (10 ng/ml), SP (1 to 10 nM) caused a dose-dependent increase in TNF-alpha secretion above the level measured in response to LPS alone. The effective doses of SP correlated with 125I-labeled Bolton Hunter-conjugated SP binding (Kd 0.2 nM) to these cultures. Incubation with LPS did not change the number or affinity of SP-binding sites. In cultures enriched for microglia (> 99% pure), LPS stimulated the secretion of TNF-alpha but SP caused no enhancement. Microglia have no detectable 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter-conjugated SP binding sites in the presence or absence of LPS. These results indicate that the action of SP is mediated through astrocytes. We investigated whether IL-1 mediates the SP enhancement of TNF-alpha secretion. Addition of IL-1-neutralizing antisera to mixed cultures stimulated with both LPS and 10 nM SP decreased TNF-alpha secretion to the level observed with LPS alone. LPS alone stimulated the secretion of IL-1 in a dose-dependent manner in the primary cultures, and this LPS-mediated IL-1 secretion was enhanced by SP. This enhancement was not observed in microglial cultures. SP may therefore play a role in neuropathologies in which these cytokines have been implicated.
F15063, a compound with D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub>antagonist, 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub>agonist and D<sub>4</sub>partial agonist properties: (II) Activity in models of positive symptoms of schizophrenia (2007)

F15063 conformed to the profile of an atypical antipsychotic, with potent actions in models of hyperdopaminergic activity but without inducing catalepsy. These data suggest that F15063 may display potent antipsychotic actions with low EPS liability. This profile is complemented by a favourable profile in rodent models of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia (companion paper).
Self‐Crimping Bicomponent Nanofibers Electrospun from Polyacrylonitrile and Elastomeric Polyurethane (2005)

Nanofibers with side-by-side morphologies are electrospun from polyacrylonitrile and polyurethane using a microfluidic device. Laminar flow of the two polymer solutions through the device results in nanometer-diameter curly nanofibers with bicomponent cross-sections. The polyurethane half of the nanofibers can be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, leaving a “U”-shaped cross-section as seen in the Figure.
7-N-Amidinocephalosporins (1975)

7-Aminocephalosporanic acid tert-butyl ester reacts quantitatively at--20 degrees with iminium chlorides to give amidino derivatives. Removal of the tert-butyl protecting group with trifluoroacetic acid and treatment with 1 equiv of triethylamine yield the corresponding zwitterions. These compounds were less active than their penicillin analogs.
Straddle-gate transistor: changing MOSFET channel length between off- and on-state towards achieving tunneling-defined limit of field-effect (2002)

Some of the well-recognized constraints in the scaling of the MOSFET are: (a) random-dopants that lead to a large variance in threshold voltage, (b) oxide tunneling that leads to an increase in gate current, and hence strand-by power as well as a reduction in reliability through the increase in carrier flux, (c) limits to the magnitude and shallowness of doping that can be achieved in the source and the drain regions and that lead to poorer sub-threshold swing and higher conductance through electrostatics. The objective of this work is to point out that (a) removal of random dopant effects through removal of channel doping leaves a variance in threshold voltage that is related to lateral fluctuations in the contact region, (b) constant stand-by power density scaling leads to a constraint of 1.5-2.0 nm in oxide thickness for the gate, and (c) the shallow doping regions can be effectively replaced by inversion regions. The straddle-gate transistor, a pentode-like structure, incorporates these ideas together with that of a back-plane structure to achieve an /spl sim/10 nm length scale, where field-effect still dominates, and where the fundamental constraint of source-to-drain tunneling through silicon is restrained by modulating the effective channel length of the device between the on-state and the off-state. At least theoretically, it achieves this length scale within the constraints of power and density, but at the expense of smaller speed improvements with scaling.
Reversible Metal‐Free Carbon Dioxide Binding by Frustrated Lewis Pairs (2009)

Hot and bothered? Frustrated Lewis pairs comprising phosphine and borane react to reversibly bind and release CO2, offering a rare example of metal-free CO2 sequestration. The mechanism of formation of these CO2 derivatives 1 and 2 (see scheme) by almost simultaneous PC and OB bond formation was characterized by quantum chemical calculations. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development and Validation of Red Root Marker‐Based Haploid Inducers in Maize (2016)

One of the critical limitations for the in vivo production of doubled haploid (DH) lines in maize ( Zea mays L.) is the inability to effectively identify haploids in a significant proportion of induction crosses due to the possibility of complete or partial inhibition of the currently used R1‐nj (Navajo) color marker. In this study, we demonstrate that the R1‐nj marker could result in a high proportion of false positives among the haploids identified, besides being ineffective in germplasm with natural anthocyanin expression in pericarp tissue. To address these limitations, we developed haploid inducer lines with triple anthocyanin color markers, including the expression of anthocyanin coloration in the seedling roots and leaf sheaths, in addition to the Navajo marker on the seed. Although these inducers show acceptable haploid induction rates ranging from 8.6 to 10.2%, they exhibited relatively poor agronomic performance compared with tropicalized haploid inducers within tropical environments. The addition of the red root marker more accurately identified haploids among the germinating seedlings, including four tropical inbred lines and eight breeding populations that showed complete inhibition of R1‐nj . We also demonstrate that the red root marker can be used for haploid identification in germplasm with natural anthocyanin expression in the pericarp. A survey of 546 tropical inbreds and 244 landraces showed that anthocyanin accumulation in the roots of germinating seedlings is very rare compared with anthocyanin accumulation in the seed and leaf sheath tissues. As a result, the red root marker can serve as a highly complementary marker to R1‐nj to enable effective identification of haploids within a wide range of tropical maize germplasm.