gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft magnetic composites-materials and applications (2003)

The group of soft magnetic composites (SMCs) have expanded by the introduction of new materials with significantly improved low-medium frequency properties, which has made SMCs a viable alternative to steel laminations in a range of new applications, such as rotating machinery, sensors and fast switching solenoids. SMC components are successfully manufactured using the powder metallurgy compaction process. The isotropic nature of the SMC combined with the unique shaping possibilities opens up 3D-design solutions. If carefully implemented advantages such as better performance, reduced size and weight, fewer parts and lower cost can be obtained. In this paper the SMC concept is presented i.e. the materials, part manufacturing and electromagnetic design. Possibilities and also limitations for SMC's are highlighted, prototype motors are described and finally some examples of commercial products are presented.
Effect of ring size on hydrogenation of cyclic allylic alcohols (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of ring size on hydrogenation of cyclic allylic alcoholsRaj K. Sehgal, Renate U. Koenigsberger, and Terence J. HowardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 21, 3073–3078Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00909a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00909a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual polarization stacked microstrip patch antenna array with very low cross-polarization (2001)

This paper describes the development and performance of a wideband dual linear polarization microstrip antenna array used in the Danish high-resolution airborne multifrequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar, EMISAR. The antenna was designed for an operating frequency of 1.25 GHz/spl plusmn/50 MHz and was built as an array of 8/spl times/2 probe-fed stacked microstrip patches. The feeding network is constructed in microstrip and is capable of handling 6 kW of peak input-power at an altitude of 45000 ft (unpressurized). The impedance bandwidth (return loss better than -14 dB) of the antenna is 10%, the isolation between the horizontal and the vertical ports of the array is 50 dB and the cross-polarization suppression is 40 dB. A new design principle for simultaneously achieving very low cross-polarization and low side lobes in dual linear polarization antenna arrays has been applied.
Process energy savings: Retrofitting existing columns utilizing high efficiency structured packing (1987)

Industry in North America is facing ever increasing competitive pressure from domestic and international manufacturers. The need to reduce operating costs and the push to better utilize existing capital equipment have caused the process industries to take innovative measures in revamping existing plants. With respect to heat and mass transfer operations, the retrofit of distillation columns for increased efficiency and improved performance was enhanced with the introduction of high efficiency wire gauze structured packing in 1966. This paper describes some typical applications for high efficiency structured packing, gives the bases for its selection, and provides a brief description of the benefits resulting from its use.
Haptic Feedback to the Palm and Fingers for Improved Tactile Perception of Large Objects (2018)

When one manipulates a large or bulky object, s/he utilizes tactile information at both fingers and the palm. Our goal is to efficiently convey contact information to a user's hand during interaction with a virtual object. We propose a haptic system that can provide haptic feedback to thumb/middle finger/index finger and on a palm. Our interface design utilizes a novel compact mechanism to provide haptic information to the palm. Also, we propose a haptic rendering strategy to calculate haptic feedback continuously. We demonstrate that cutaneous feedback on the palm improves the haptic perception of a large virtual object compared to when there is only kinesthetic feedback to the fingers.
Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software <scp>structure</scp>: a simulation study (2005)

The identification of genetically homogeneous groups of individuals is a long standing issue in population genetics. A recent Bayesian algorithm implemented in the software STRUCTURE allows the identification of such groups. However, the ability of this algorithm to detect the true number of clusters (K) in a sample of individuals when patterns of dispersal among populations are not homogeneous has not been tested. The goal of this study is to carry out such tests, using various dispersal scenarios from data generated with an individual-based model. We found that in most cases the estimated 'log probability of data' does not provide a correct estimation of the number of clusters, K. However, using an ad hoc statistic DeltaK based on the rate of change in the log probability of data between successive K values, we found that STRUCTURE accurately detects the uppermost hierarchical level of structure for the scenarios we tested. As might be expected, the results are sensitive to the type of genetic marker used (AFLP vs. microsatellite), the number of loci scored, the number of populations sampled, and the number of individuals typed in each sample.
Discovering Children's Responses to Trauma: A Response-based Narrative Practice (2007)

Modern discourses of victimhood, which are often present in instances of childhood trauma, can contribute considerably to establishing long-term negative identity conclusions. However, focussing on children's responses to trauma can aid in conversations that contribute to rich second story development, without re-traumatising children or young people. These kinds of enquiry can focus on children's acts of resistance, places of safety, and other skills of living. This paper gives examples of therapy informed by this approach, and provides a map of four levels of enquiry for conversations with children and young people which elicit and build upon responses to trauma.
Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of 1,8-bis(trifluoroacetylamino)naphthalene to 1-amino-8-trifluoroacetylaminonaphthalene in 70%, 80% and 90%(v/v) Me<sub>2</sub>SO–H<sub>2</sub>O (1992)

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of 1,8-bis(trifluoroacetylamino)naphthalene to 1-amino-8-trifluoroacetylaminonaphthalene have been studied in 70%, 80% and 90%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O in the presence of hydroxide ion. Under these conditions the product of the reaction is present as the amide anion and does not undergo further reaction. Approximate values of pK1 5.7 and pK2 15.9 have been measured in 70%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O for dissociation of the amide protons of 1,8-bis(trifluoroacetylamino)naphthalene. The hydrolysis involves reaction of the amide monoanion because negligible concentrations of the undissociated amide are present and the dianion is unreactive. The dependence of the first-order rate coefficient (kobs) on [OH–] in 70% and 80%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O is fitted by the expression kobs=(k0+k1[OH–]+k2[OH–]2)/(1 +K″[OH–]) where K″ is the equilibrium constant for proton removal by hydroxide ion from the monoanion of 1,8-bis(trifluoroacetylamino)naphthalene to give the dianion. The magnitude of k0 in 70%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O suggests that the attack of water on the amide carbonyl at the 1-position is assisted by intramolecular catalysis involving the amide anion at the 8-position. The data in 90%(v/v) Me2SO–H2O are fitted by the expression kobs=(k2/K″)[OH–]. Under these conditions the amide is practically fully dissociated into the dianion and the k0 and k1[OH–] terms are negligibly small in comparison with the k2[OH–]2 term.
A session layer design of a reliable IPC system in the UNIX 4.2 environment (1986)

A description is given of the design for a universal and reliable set of interprocess communication (IPC) services in the UNIX 4. 2BSD environment. The universal IPC services include one-to-one and multicast send, asynchronous and synchronous communication; blocking and non-blocking receive commands; and group manipulation. The networking facility in UNIX 4. 2BSD provides users with direct access to the transport layer, which provides rudimentary IPC services. The lack of a universal set of IPC services in UNIX 4. 2BSD makes the development of distributed algorithms and distributed programming languages difficult. The authors consider the design of universal IPC services to be session layer services which provide services to the distributed application layer and require rudimentary IPC services from the transport layer. The proposed set of IPC primitives provides reliable service and is implemented in a networked SUN workstations.
Ammonia production, excretion, toxicity, and defense in fish: a review (2010)

Many fishes are ammonotelic but some species can detoxify ammonia to glutamine or urea. Certain fish species can accumulate high levels of ammonia in the brain or defense against ammonia toxicity by enhancing the effectiveness of ammonia excretion through active NH4+transport, manipulation of ambient pH, or reduction in ammonia permeability through the branchial and cutaneous epithelia. Recent reports on ammonia toxicity in mammalian brain reveal the importance of permeation of ammonia through the blood-brain barrier and passages of ammonia and water through transporters in the plasmalemma of brain cells. Additionally, brain ammonia toxicity could be related to the passage of glutamine through the mitochondrial membranes into the mitochondrial matrix. On the other hand, recent reports on ammonia excretion in fish confirm the involvement of Rhesus glycoproteins in the branchial and cutaneous epithelia. Therefore, this review focuses on both the earlier literature and the up-to-date information on the problems and mechanisms concerning the permeation of ammonia, as NH(3), NH4+ or proton-neutral nitrogenous compounds, across mitochondrial membranes, the blood-brain barrier, the plasmalemma of neurons, and the branchial and cutaneous epithelia of fish. It also addresses how certain fishes with high ammonia tolerance defend against ammonia toxicity through the regulation of the permeation of ammonia and related nitrogenous compounds through various types of membranes. It is hoped that this review would revive the interests in investigations on the passage of ammonia through the mitochondrial membranes and the blood-brain barrier of ammonotelic fishes and fishes with high brain ammonia tolerance, respectively.
Gynaecomastia: assessment and management (2013)

Abstract Gynaecomastia is the most common breast problem afflicting men. Although the condition can usually be managed within primary care, specialist referral is required if there is any doubt about the differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma or where surgical management is contemplated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Fast switching cholesteric liquid crystal optical beam deflector with polarization independence (2017)

Optical beam deflectors based on the combination of cholesteric liquid crystals and polymer micro gratings are reported. Dual frequency cholesteric liquid crystal (DFCh-LC) is adopted to accelerate the switching from the homeotropic state back to the planar state. Polarization independent beam steering components are realized whose transmission versus the polarizing angle only varies 4.4% and 2.6% for the planar state and the homeotropic state, respectively. A response time of 451 ms is achieved for DFCh-LC-grating beam deflectors, which is fast compared to other nematic LC beam steerers with similar LC thickness.
Contour Crafting Simulation Plan for Lunar Settlement Infrastructure Buildup (2012)

Several unique systems including the Lunar Electric Rover, the unpressurized Chariot rover, the versatile light-weight crane and Athlete cargo transporter as well as the habitat module mockups and a new generation of spacesuits are undergoing coordinated tests at NASA's facility for Desert Research and Test Studies (D-RATS). A synergetic plan is proposed for utilizing these maturing systems coupled with a fabrication technology called Contour Crafting, tailored for swift and reliable lunar infrastructure development. The intent is to increase astronaut safety, improve buildup performance, ameliorate lunar dust interference and concerns, and reduce time-to-commission, all in an economic manner.
Effect of the Metal on Electron Transfer across Self-Assembled Monolayers (2001)

Electron-transfer kinetic measurements are made on one type of self-assembled monolayer {HS(CH2)15COOH with attached [RuII(NH3)5(4-aminomethylpyridine)]} on gold, platinum, and silver polycrystalline electrodes in one electrolyte at room temperature. Cyclic voltammograms over a wide range of scan rates are analyzed to extract the rate constants as a function of overpotential. Tafel plots are fitted to theoretical curves based on the Marcus DOS theory to obtain the standard rate constants and the reorganization energies. A reorganization energy of 0.8 ± 0.1 eV is obtained on all three metals. The standard rate constants for Au, Pt, and Ag are 1.0 ± 0.3, 1.7 ± 0.4, and 0.6 ± 0.2 s-1. The results confirm the theoretical prediction that the electronic coupling of “d” band states in the metal to remote redox centers is weak.
Satchel (2000)

Current solutions for providing access to electronic documents while away from the office do not meet the special needs of mobile document workers. We describe ”Satchel,“ a system that is designed specifically to support the distinctive features of mobile document work. Satchel is designed to meet the following five high-level design goals (1) easy access to document services; (2) timely document access; (3) streamlined user interface; (4) ubiquity; and (5)compliance with security policies. Our current prototype uses a Nokia 9000 Communicator as the mobile device; it communicates to the rest of the Satchel system using wireless communications, both infrared and radio. A fundamental Satchel concept is the use of tokens, or small secure references, to represent documents on the mobile device. The mobile client only transmits small tokens over te wireless channels, leaving the wired network to transmit the contents of documents when, and only when, they are required. Another fundmental Satchel concept is the highly speclized and context-sensitive user interface on the mobile device. The user's interactions ae streamlined because of this specialization and though the use of contextual information gained by uing infrared communications. We report the results of a trial of Satchel that was carried out within our own company, and discuss how well Satchel met our design goals. We call Satchel a ”document appliance” because it provides a streamlined soultion to the problem of remote document access—it aims to support only a limited set of activities, but supports them very well.
Image coding based on segmentation using region growing (2005)

This paper describes a composite source model for images. An image is segmented into uniform and homogeneous regions using centroid linkage region growing algorithms. The region homogenity is determined by the Student T-statistics. Excessive regions resulting from region growing are merged according to region merging rules. The initially segmented image is then clustered into classes with the help of the K-means algorithm. The image classes are shown in this paper as visual aids in judging the classification procedure. The class numbers and the corresponding pixel counts are also included. Finally, as an application of composite source models, an image is encoded using matrix quantizers with separate codebook for each class of the image.
RILA UK: a progress report and some user reactions (1979)

The recent British Library sponsored user study of RILA is described which demonstrates the usefulness of RILA both as an acquisition and as an inter-lending tool and which also shows that professional art librarianship has yet to reach some of the smaller art schools where it is most needed. The next major project of the RILA UK office is outlined, namely the possible reactivating of the Bibliography of the History of British Art (BHBA) into the Bibliography of British Art (BBA) using on-line access to the entire data base of RILA.
IL-15 as a mediator of CD4 <sup>+</sup> help for CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell longevity and avoidance of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis (2008)

CD4+ helper T cells contribute to the induction and maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Their absence results in short-lived antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and defective secondary CD8+ T cell responses because of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. Here, we show that IL-15 codelivered with vaccines can overcome CD4+ T cell deficiency for promoting longevity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and avoidance of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In both priming and secondary responses, IL-15 down-regulates proapoptotic Bax, an intermediate in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, and increases anti-apoptotic Bcl-X(L) in CD8+ T cells. Thus, IL-15 is sufficient to mimic CD4+ T cell help. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells induce dendritic cells (DCs) to produce IL-15. IL-15 is also necessary for optimal help, because helper cells do not deliver effective help through IL-15-/- DCs. Therefore, IL-15 codelivered with vaccines can overcome CD4+ helper T cell deficiency for induction of functionally efficient CD8+ T cells and maintenance of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and IL-15 is probably one of the natural mediators of help. These findings suggest new vaccine strategies against infections and cancers, especially in individuals with CD4-deficiency.
Aerial photography at the Agricultural Adjustment Administration: Acreage controls, conservation benefits, and overhead surveillance in the 1930s (2002)

Aerial photography played an important but largely unsung role in New Deal efforts to improve farm income. Established in 1933, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) promoted agriculture secretary Henry Wallace's ever-normal granary with production controls (1 934-1 935) and conservation programs (1936-1937) before Congress adopted a combined strategy in 1938. To administer these programs and ensure performance, the AAA set up an innovative hierarchy of state, county, and local committees. Experiments in 1935 and 1936 demonstrated that aerial photography provided costeffective, adequately precise measurements and led to a concerted effort to extend photographic coverage. In 1937, 36 photographic crews flew 375,000 square miles (970,000 square km), and by late 1941 AAA officials had acquired coverage of more than 90 percent of the country's agricultural land. From its initial goal of promoting compliance, the Agriculture Department's aerial photography program became a tool for conservation and land planning as well as an instrument of fair and accurate measurement. Local administration and a widely perceived need to increase farm income fostered public acceptance of a potentially intrusive program of overhead surveillance.
Sequentially untestable faults identified without search ("simple implications beat exhaustive search!") (2002)

This paper presents a novel fault-independent algorithm for identifying untestable faults in sequential circuits. The algorithm is based on a simple concept that a fault which requires an illegal combination of values as a necessary condition for its detection is untestable. It uses implications to find a subset of such faults whose detection requires conflicts on certain lines in the circuit. No global reset state is assumed and no state transition information is needed. Our fault-independent algorithm identifies untestable faults without any search as opposed to exhaustive search done by fault-oriented test generation algorithms. Results on benchmark and real circuits indicate that we find a large number of untestable faults, much faster (up to 3 orders of magnitude) than a test-generation-based algorithm that targeted the faults identified by our algorithm. Moreover, many faults identified as untestable by our approach were aborted when targeted by a sequential test generator.
SSB/FDM Utilizing TDM Digital Filters (1971)

Theoretical and practical results in the field of digital filtering encourage the examination of digital filters for use in multiplex communication systems [1]-[3]. Although their economic breaking in will only come in combination with large-scale integration of digital circuits, it appears worthwhile to study their feasibility for various applications [4]-[7], [9]. One application of particular interest is the digital realization of single-sideband frequency-division multiplexing (SSB/FDM), which leads to the study of the digital realization of the SSB-channel bank which is internationally known as the first multiplexed group in the frequency range of 60-108 kHz. This paper describes the conversion of voice-frequency channels into SSB/FDM signals using digital filters. A brief analysis explains the implications of the various steps of signal processing in the time and frequency domains. The digital realization of a channel bank is explained in block diagrams. It is shown that the SSB/FDM signal appears simultaneously as a TDM/SSB signal (TDM/FDM/SSB).
Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders: The Long Road to Clinical Therapy (2017)

Continuous high-frequency DBS is an established treatment for essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Current developments focus on trying to widen the therapeutic window of DBS. Adaptive DBS (aDBS), where stimulation is dynamically controlled by feedback from biomarkers of pathological brain circuit activity, is one such development. Relevant biomarkers may be central, such as local field potential activity, or peripheral, such as inertial tremor data. Moreover, stimulation may be directed by the amplitude or the phase (timing) of the biomarker signal. In this review, we evaluate existing aDBS studies as proof-of-principle, discuss their limitations, most of which stem from their acute nature, and propose what is needed to take aDBS into a chronic setting. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.