gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous Composite for Bipolar Plate in Low Emission Hydrogen Fuel Cells (2017)

The paper presents the results of graphite-stainless steel composites for the bipolar plates in low-temperature fuel cells. The sinters were performed by powder metallurgy technology. The influence of technological parameters, especially molding pressure were examined. Following the requirements formulated by the DOE concerning the parameters of the materials, it indicated by the value of the parameters. The density, flowability, particle size of graphite and stainless steel powders have been evaluated. Composites have been tested by microstructure and phase analysis, properties of strength, functional properties: wettability, porosity, roughness. The special attention was paid to the analysis of corrosion resistance obtained sinters and influence of technological parameters on the corrosion. Corrosion tests were carried out under conditions simulating the environment of the fuel cell under anode and cathode conditions. The effect of pH solution during working of the cell on corrosion resistance of composites have been evaluated. Contact resistance depends on roughness of sinters. Low ICR determined high contact area GDL-BP and high electrical conductivity on the contact surface. The ICR in anode conditions after corrosion tests are not change significantly; composite materials can be used for materials for BP in terms of H 2 .
Active Visual Object Search in Unknown Environments Using Uncertain Semantics (2013)

In this paper, we study the problem of active visual search (AVS) in large, unknown, or partially known environments. We argue that by making use of uncertain semantics of the environment, a robot tasked with finding an object can devise efficient search strategies that can locate everyday objects at the scale of an entire building floor, which is previously unknown to the robot. To realize this, we present a probabilistic model of the search environment, which allows for prioritizing the search effort to those parts of the environment that are most promising for a specific object type. Further, we describe a method for reasoning about the unexplored part of the environment for goal-directed exploration with the purpose of object search. We demonstrate the validity of our approach by comparing it with two other search systems in terms of search trajectory length and time. First, we implement a greedy coverage-based search strategy that is found in previous work. Second, we let human participants search for objects as an alternative comparison for our method. Our results show that AVS strategies that exploit uncertain semantics of the environment are a very promising idea, and our method pushes the state-of-the-art forward in AVS.
Meeting Transcription Using Asynchronous Distant Microphones (2019)

We describe a system that generates speaker-annotated transcripts of meetings by using multiple asynchronous distant microphones. The system is composed of continuous audio stream alignment, blind beamforming, speech recognition, speaker diarization, and system combination. While the idea of improving the meeting transcription accuracy by leveraging multiple recordings has been investigated in certain specific technology areas such as beamforming, our objective is to assess the feasibility of a complete system with a set of mobile devices and conduct a detailed analysis. With seven input audio streams, our system achieves a word error rate (WER) of 22.3% and a speaker-attributed WER (SAWER) of 26.7%, and comes within 3% of the close-talking microphone WER on non-overlapping speech. The relative gains in SAWER over a single-device system are 14.8%, 20.3%, and 22.4% for three, five, and seven microphones, respectively.  The full system achieves a 13.6% diarization error rate, 10% of which are due to overlapped speech.
Radial glia phenotype: Origin, regulation, and transdifferentiation (2000)

Radial glial cells play a major guidance role for migrating neurons during central nervous system (CNS) histogenesis but also play many other crucial roles in early brain development. Being among the earliest cells to differentiate in the early CNS, they provide support for neuronal migration during embryonic brain development; provide instructive and neurotrophic signals required for the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neurons; and may be multipotential progenitor cells that give rise to various cell types, including neurons. Radial glial cells constitute a major cell type of the developing brain in numerous nonmammalian and mammalian vertebrates, increasing in complexity in parallel with the organization of the nervous tissue they help to build. In mammalian species, these cells transdifferentiate into astrocytes when neuronal migration is completed, whereas, in nonmammalian species, they persist into adulthood as a radial component of astroglia. Thus, our perception of radial glia may have to change from that of path-defining cells to that of specialized precursor cells transiently fulfilling a guidance role during brain histogenesis. In that respect, their apparent change of phenotype from radial fiber to astrocyte probably constitutes one of the most common transdifferentiation events in mammalian development.
The Effects of Azathioprine and 6 mp on Immunity (1979)

The thiopurines, azathioprine and 6 MP are potent inhibitors of both experimental and clinical immune responses. The primary pharmacological activities are mediated by competitive inhibition of enzymes concerned with de novo purine base synthesis; Immunosuppressive activities appear to result from cytotoxic activities directed against antigen-responsive lymphocytes; this inhibition is maximal when the treatment course coincides with the proliferative expansion phase of the response. By contrast, thiopurines are comparatively ineffective if used during an effector phase of an immune response. Furthermore, administration prior to antigenic challenge does not lead to immune inhibition; in fact, it may lead to augmentation of selected immune responses. Treatment with thiopurines does not result in acute lymphopenia; prolonged courses will cause a moderate decrease in circulating lymphocytes. The drug does not selectively deplete peripheral T or B cells but can acutely reduce K (killer) cells, which are effectors in ADCC responses. In addition, short-lived thymocytes and marrow lymphocytes are rapidly depleted by these anti-metabolites. Many in vitro functions of lymphocytes, from treated animals remain normal. Recent studies indicate that, in vitro, azathioprine is specifically able to bind murine T lymphocytes; this can be shown by their ability to inhibit their capacity to rosette with sheep erythrocytes. Azathioprine is also a potent inhibitor of mixed lymphocyte culture responses and can readily suppress the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T cells. These observations suggest that drugs exert preferential toxicities for murine T cells. B lymphocytes for mice appear to vary in their susceptibility for thiopurines. By contrast, the activity of human B cells can be readily suppressed with this drug whereas T helper function is comparatively resistant. In addition to immunosuppressive properties, thiopurines are capable of exerting anti-inflammatory activities, primarily by inhibiting the replication of hematopoietic precursors.
Harvesting Discriminative Meta Objects with Deep CNN Features for Scene Classification (2015)

Recent work on scene classification still makes use of generic CNN features in a rudimentary manner. In this paper, we present a novel pipeline built upon deep CNN features to harvest discriminative visual objects and parts for scene classification. We first use a region proposal technique to generate a set of high-quality patches potentially containing objects, and apply a pre-trained CNN to extract generic deep features from these patches. Then we perform both unsupervised and weakly supervised learning to screen these patches and discover discriminative ones representing category-specific objects and parts. We further apply discriminative clustering enhanced with local CNN fine-tuning to aggregate similar objects and parts into groups, called meta objects. A scene image representation is constructed by pooling the feature response maps of all the learned meta objects at multiple spatial scales. We have confirmed that the scene image representation obtained using this new pipeline is capable of delivering state-of-the-art performance on two popular scene benchmark datasets, MIT Indoor 67 [22] and Sun397 [31].
Microglial Phagocytosis of Fibrillar β-Amyloid through a β<sub>1</sub>Integrin-Dependent Mechanism (2004)

Microglia are the principle immune effector and phagocytic cells in the CNS. These cells are associated with fibrillar beta-amyloid (fAbeta)-containing plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The plaque-associated microglia undergo a phenotypic conversion into an activated phenotype and are responsible for the development of a focal inflammatory response that exacerbates and accelerates the disease process. Paradoxically, despite the presence of abundant activated microglia in the brain of AD patients, these cells fail to mount a phagocytic response to Abeta deposits but can efficiently phagocytose Abeta fibrils and plaques in vitro. We report that exposure of microglia to fAbeta in vitro induces phagocytosis through mechanisms distinct from those used by the classical phagocytic receptors, the Ig receptors (FcRgammaI and FcgammaRIII) or complement receptors. Microglia interact with fAbeta through a recently characterized Abeta cell surface receptor complex comprising the B-class scavenger receptor CD36, alpha6beta1 integrin, and CD47 (integrin-associated protein). Antagonists specific for each component of the receptor complex blocks fAbeta-stimulated phagocytosis. These data demonstrated that engagement of this ensemble of receptors is required for induction of phagocytosis. The phagocytic response stimulated by this receptor complex is driven principally by a beta(1) integrin-linked process that is morphologically and mechanistically distinct from the classical type I and type II phagocytic mechanisms. These data provide evidence for phagocytic uptake of fAbeta through a receptor-mediated, nonclassical phagocytic mechanism.
A conceptual investigation of the e-commerce industry (2000)

article Free Access Share on A conceptual investigation of the e-commerce industry Authors: Veda C. Storey Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State UniversityView Profile , Detmar W. Straub Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State UniversityView Profile , Kathy A. Stewart Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University Department of Computer Information Systems in the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State UniversityView Profile , Richard J. Welke eCommerce Institute at Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of Business eCommerce Institute at Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of BusinessView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 7July 2000pp 117–123https://doi.org/10.1145/341852.341871Published:01 July 2000Publication History 39citation7,016DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations39Total Downloads7,016Last 12 Months727Last 6 weeks84 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Lasing in a Microcavity with an Oriented Liquid-Crystalline Polyfluorene Copolymer as Active Layer (2001)

The use of layers with anisotropic molecular orientation in microcavities provides a means for the fabrication of lasing devices based on polyfluorene copolymers. The Figure shows the structure of the polymer film formed by the spin-coating of two mirrors with chloroform solutions of the polymers and pressing them together. The photopumped laser thus achieved shows a low lasing threshold.
Hormonal Contraception and HIV‐1 Transmission (2010)

Safe and effective contraceptive choices are essential for women with HIV-1 infection and at risk for HIV-1 infection. Epidemiological and laboratory-based studies suggest that hormonal contraception may influence HIV-1 transmission. Several large studies in high-risk populations indicate that hormonal contraceptive use may modestly increase the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. In addition, HIV-1-infected users of hormonal contraceptives may be more infectious to their uninfected partners, although no studies have directly measured HIV-1 transmission risk from women to men. However, several studies failed to demonstrate a link between contraceptive use and HIV-1 acquisition or transmission, and interpretation of many studies limited by methodological considerations, such as infrequent measurements of contraceptive exposure and HIV-1 status. As a result, many questions remain, and high-quality studies remain needed. It is clear that hormonal contraceptives are not protective against HIV-1 infection and that dual protection with condoms should be the goal for women using hormonal contraception.
Efficacy and Safety of Eslicarbazepine Acetate (ESL) Monotherapy in Patients Converting from Carbamazepine (CBZ) (P2.029) (2016)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESL monotherapy in patients converting from CBZ versus those converting from other baseline AEDs. Background: CBZ and ESL are dibenzazepine carboxamides with similarities in mechanism of action. It is therefore important to evaluate whether prior CBZ use influences efficacy and safety outcomes with ESL monotherapy. Methods: In two conversion-to-ESL monotherapy studies (093-045 and -046), patients (16-70 years) with refractory POS were randomized 2:1 to ESL 1600mg or 1200mg QD (double-blind period: 2-week titration; 6-week AED conversion; 10-week monotherapy). Exit rate (primary endpoint; Kaplan-Meier-estimated [percnt] meeting ≥1 exit criteria, signifying worsening seizure control), change in SSF (seizures/28 days), responder rates ([percnt] with ≥50[percnt] reduction in SSF) and incidence of TEAEs were calculated for patients taking/not taking CBZ at study entry (+CBZ/-CBZ). Results: 27[percnt] of patients (ITT and efficacy populations) were taking CBZ at entry. 81 patients in the efficacy population (n=332) converted from CBZ alone, 10 from CBZ plus another AED; 241 from another AED (-CBZ group). The overall hazard ratio for study exit between the +CBZ and -CBZ groups was 1.49 (95[percnt] CI: 0.93-2.39; p=0.10). Median changes in SSF suggested improvements in seizure control (baseline versus double-blind period) for +CBZ and -CBZ. Reductions in SSF were numerically lower for +CBZ (ESL 1200mg: +CBZ -14.4, -CBZ -45.2; ESL 1600mg: +CBZ -26.7, -CBZ -50.2), as were responder rates (ESL 1200mg: +CBZ 18.9[percnt], -CBZ 44.2[percnt]; ESL 1600mg: +CBZ 22.2[percnt], -CBZ 49.4[percnt]). Overall TEAE incidence was slightly lower for +CBZ versus -CBZ (+CBZ: 75.0[percnt], -CBZ: 80.0[percnt]); incidences of individual TEAEs differed slightly between groups. Conclusions: The hazard ratio for study exit between +CBZ and -CBZ was 1.49 (p=0.10). Nevertheless, there was an improvement in seizure control (versus baseline) in the group that converted to ESL from CBZ. Study supported by Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.
ADMA regulates angiogenesis: genetic and metabolic evidence (2005)

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in transducing the effects of angiogenic factors. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). We used a murine model of hindlimb ischemia to investigate whether genetic or metabolic changes in ADMA levels could impair angiogenic response in vivo. Hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced in C57BL/6J mice, apo E-deficient mice, or transgenic mice overexpressing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Some animals were also treated with the NOS antagonist L-nitro-arginine, or the NO precursor L-arginine. Angiogenesis was quantified in the hindlimb skeletal muscle by capillary/myocyte ratio. Plasma or tissue ADMA levels were measured by HPLC. In normal mice, hindlimb ischemia increased tissue ADMA twofold, and reduced DDAH and NOS expression. This was associated with a reduced NOS activity (by over 80%) three days following surgery. On day seven, a threefold increase in DDAH expression and a fall in tissue ADMA levels were associated with a sevenfold increase in NOS activity, whereas NOS expression did not increase above baseline. In DDAH transgenic mice, the elevation of ADMA and decrement in NOS activity was blunted during hindlimb ischemia. Plasma ADMA levels were increased in apo E-mice (1.79 +/- 0.45 versus 1.07 +/- 0.08 pmol/l; p = 0.008). Capillary index was significantly reduced in apo E-mice up to seven weeks after surgery (0.25 +/- 0.05 versus 0.62 +/- 0.08; p < 0.001). The effect of hypercholesterolemia on capillary index was reversed by L-arginine, and (in wild-type mice) mimicked by administration of the NOS antagonist L-nitro-arginine. In conclusion, metabolic or genetic changes in plasma and tissue ADMA levels affect tissue NO production and angiogenic response to ischemia.
Analysis of Aurora kinase A expression in CD34+ blast cells isolated from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (2008)

Aurora kinase A, also known as aurora A, is a serine/threonine kinase that plays critical roles in mitosis entry, chromosome alignment, segregation, and cytokinesis. Overexpression of aurora A has been observed in many solid tumors and some hematopoietic neoplasms, but little is known about its expression in myeloid diseases. Because cytogenetic abnormalities play an essential role in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, we hypothesized that aurora A deregulation may be involved in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia and contribute to the chromosomal instability observed in these diseases. We assessed aurora A mRNA levels in CD34(+) bone marrow blasts from nine patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 20 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, and five normal patients serving as controls. CD34(+) blasts were isolated from bone marrow aspirate specimens using magnetic activated cell separation technology. RNA was extracted from purified CD34(+) cells, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for aurora A was performed. Immunocytochemical analyses for total aurora A, phosphorylated aurora A, Ki-67, and activated caspase 3 were performed on cytospin slides made from purified CD34(+) cells in myelodysplastic syndrome patients using standard methods. Aurora A mRNA and protein levels were correlated, as was aurora A mRNA level, with blast counts, cytogenetic abnormalities, and International Prognostic Scoring System score. We found that CD34(+) cells in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia expressed aurora A at significantly higher levels (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively) than normal CD34(+) cells. Aurora A mRNA levels correlated with total and phosphorylated protein levels (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.02, respectively). No significant correlation was found between aurora A mRNA level and blast count, blast viability, cytogenetic abnormalities, or the International Prognostic Scoring System score in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. We conclude that aurora A is up-regulated in CD34(+) blasts from myeloid neoplasms.
Laser Materials Processing for Improved Corrosion Performance (2012)

Laser materials processing is a burgeoning field of materials research. The power from a laser is used to heat, melt or ablate materials to change their character or topography. Their application to improve the corrosion performance of many types of metallic alloy and some composites can be broken down into four basic categories: laser melting, where the surface of the alloy is melted, which in turn changes the microstructure and in many cases improves corrosion, laser surface alloying, where a new material is introduced to surface during the laser melting process, which changes the microstructure and in many cases the corrosion performance. laser cladding, where a new more corrosion resistant material is added to the surface to improve the corrosion resistance, laser heating, where a solid state phase transformation is induced to change the microstructure to improve corrosion performance. The field has been around for almost as long as laser material processing itself and it is the purpose of this chapter to discuss the development in these four areas, to give the reader an overview of the applications of laser material processing for improved corrosion performance.
Zinc dust-cuprous chloride promoted cyclopropanations of allylic alcohols using ethylidene iodide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZinc dust-cuprous chloride promoted cyclopropanations of allylic alcohols using ethylidene iodideEdwin C. Friedrich and Girma BiresawCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 9, 1615–1618Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00348a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00348a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictive motion vector field adaptive search technique (PMVFAST) - enhancing block based motion estimation (2001)

Motion Estimation (ME) is an important part of most video encoding systems, since it could significantly affect the output quality of an encoded sequence. Unfortunately this feature requires a significant part of the encoding time especially when using the straightforward Full Search (FS) algorithl In this paper a new algorithm is presented named as the Predictive Motion Vector Field Adaptive Search Technique (PMVFAST), which significantly outperforms most if not all other previously proposed algorithms in terms of Speed Up performance. In addition, the output quality of the encoded sequence in terms of PSNR is similar to that of the Full Search algorithm. The proposed algorithm relies mainly upon very robust and reliable predictive techniques and early termination criteria, which make use of parameters adapted to the local characteristics of a frame. Our experiments verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm, not only versus several other well-known fast algorithms, but also in many cases versus even the Full Search algorithm.