gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DDR3 memory based time interleaving FPGA implementation for ISDB-T standard (2011)

The ISDB-T standard for digital broadcasting incorporates an extensive signal processing scheme in order to achieve reliable data integrity at the remote receiver. Particularly, the time interleaving stage requires a significant memory depth. Common implementations are often based in single-address access memories, which simplifies the algorithm logic but does not provide a cost-effective solution. This paper presents a DDR3 memory based FPGA implementation of the ISDB-T time interleaving stage. Widely available on the market for a broad type of applications, this kind of memory allows high data throughput and represents a low cost alternative. However, data must comply with a special structure and signalling since the memory access is burst-oriented. Consequently, the complexity is increased. The proposed design is both area-efficient and highly reconfigurable.
Collagen Nerve Conduits Promote Enhanced Axonal Regeneration, Schwann Cell Association, and Neovascularization Compared to Silicone Conduits (2009)

Peripheral nerve regeneration within guidance conduits involves a critical association between regenerating axons, Schwann cells (SCs), and neovascularization. However, it is currently unknown if there is a greater association between these factors in nonpermeable versus semipermeable nerve guide conduits. We therefore examined this collaboration in both silicone- and collagen-based nerve conduits in both 5- and 10-mm-injury gaps in rat sciatic nerves. Results indicate that collagen conduits promoted enhanced axonal and SC regeneration and association when compared to silicone conduits in the shorter 5-mm-gap model. In addition, collagen tubes displayed enhanced neovascularization over silicone conduits, suggesting that these three factors are intimately related in successful peripheral nerve regeneration. At later time points (1- and 2-month analysis) in a 10-mm-gap model, collagen tubes displayed enhanced axonal regeneration, myelination, and vascularization when compared to silicone-based conduits. Results from these studies suggest that regenerating cables within collagen-based conduits are revascularized earlier and more completely, which in turn enhances peripheral nerve regeneration through these nerve guides as compared to silicone conduits.
英語学習者のLanguage learning strategyの研究 : 中学生の英語スピーチにおける相互評価の分析を通して (1999)

One of the most important outcomes of communicative language learning/teaching has been the enhancement of the role of the learner in the language learning process. This shift of orientation has compelled us to focus our attention on the learning process. Since we cannot empirically observe learning taking place, it is necessary to study it indirectly through tasks which elicit learning strategies and by asking the learners themselves. In order to develop successful learning strategies and to encourage students to act autonomously, they must become aware of their own and others' strategies. With this in mind, the present study was designed to have 75 first-grade junior high school students evaluate their peer learners' speech production in order to identify what they believe to be good learning strategies. The research findings showed that learners can develop, even with only one year of studying English, their own clear ideas about what makes for a good speech. In addition to linguistic input, the English language classroom needs also to provide learners with opportunities to develop autonomous language learning strategies.
GROUND AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF NORTH CAROLINA SANITARY LANDFILLS<sup>1</sup> (1990)

ABSTRACT: Ground and surface water quality monitoring data from 71 municipal sanitary landfills in North Carolina were analyzed to determine the nature and extent of current contamination problems and identify any common characteristics associated with this contamination. A total of 322 surface and 411 ground water quality records were analyzed using the SAS data system. Almost all the landfill records included inorganic and heavy metal analyses while approximately half of the records also included organic analyses by CC/MS. Our analysis indicates that landfills are having measurable impacts on ground and surface water quality, but these impacts may not be as severe as is commonly assumed. Statistically significant increases were detected in the average concentrations in ground water and downstream surface water samples when compared to upstream surface water samples. The largest percentage increases were observed for zinc, turbidity, total organic carbon, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and lead. Violations of ground water quality standards for heavy metals and hazardous organic compounds were detected at 53 percent of the landfills where adequate data existed. The moat common heavy metal violations were for lead (18 percent), chromium (18 percent), zinc (6 percent), cadmium (6 percent), and arsenic (6 percent) (percentage of landfills violating shown in parenthesis). The organic compounds that appear to pose the greatest threat to ground water are the chlorinated solvents (8 percent), petroleum derived hydrocarbons (8 percent), and pesticides (5 percent). A comparison of monitoring data from sanitary landfills and secondary wastewater treatment plants suggests that the concentrations of heavy metal and organic pollutants discharged to surface waters from these two sources are similar.
Clouds and Radiation from the Earth Observing System (1999)

The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a space-based observing system comprised of a series of satellite sensors by which scientists can monitor the Earth, a Data and Information System (EOSDIS) enabling researchers worldwide to access the satellite data, and an interdisciplinary science research program to interpret the satellite data. During this year, four EOS science missions are scheduled for launch, representing observations of (i) total solar irradiance, (ii) Earth radiation budget, (iii) land cover & land use change, (iv) ocean processes (vector wind, sea surface temperature, and ocean color), (v) atmospheric processes (aerosol and cloud properties, water vapor, and temperature and moisture profiles), and (vi) tropospheric chemistry. In succeeding years many more satellites will be launched that will contribute immeasurably to our understanding of the Earth's environment. In this presentation we will describe how scientists are using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), an earth-viewing cross-track scanning spectroradiometer on the Terra (AM-1) satellite, for the remote sensing of cloud and aerosol properties. MODIS scans a swath width sufficient to provide nearly complete global coverage every two days from a polar-orbiting, sun-synchronous, platform at an altitude of 705 km, and provides images in 36 spectral bands between 0.415 and 14.235 pm with spatial resolutions of 250 m (2 bands), 500 m (5 bands) and 1000 m (29 bands). These bands have been carefully selected to enable advanced studies of land, ocean, and atmosphere processes.
Standing wave oscillators utilizing wave-adaptive tapered transmission lines (2004)

This paper introduces a novel standing wave oscillator (SWO) utilizing a tapered transmission line adapted to the position-dependent amplitudes of standing waves. The tapered line fully exploits the core property of standing waves to enhance Q and lower phase noise, demonstrating the benefits of wave-based oscillators. Measurements confirm the advantages of the proposed technique. The phase noise of a fully-integrated MOS SWO with the tapered line is about 8 dB superior to that of a uniform-line SWO over a wide range of offset frequencies, where the oscillation frequencies are around 15 GHz.
Cultivation of Exoerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium Cynomolgi, P. Knowlesi, P. Coatneyi, and P. Inui in Macaca Mulatta Hepatocytes (1988)

Exoerythrocytic stage parasites of Plasmodium cynomolgi, P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, and P. inui were cultured by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from Macaca mulatta with sporozoites. Less than 1% of inoculated sporozoites survived. Morphology and size of the liver stages in all 4 species were similar to in vivo descriptions and the time required for in vitro maturation correlated well with prepatent periods described.
Notizen: Tri- und Tetracarbonyleisen-Komplexe der Isobutyliden-meldrumsäure / Tri- and Tetracarbonyl Iron Complexes of Isobutylidene Meldrum's Acid (1972)

Article Notizen: Tri- und Tetracarbonyleisen-Komplexe der Isobutyliden-meldrumsäure / Tri- and Tetracarbonyl Iron Complexes of Isobutylidene Meldrum's Acid was published on May 1, 1972 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (volume 27, issue 5).
Dynamic mechanical properties and impact strength (1967)

Abstract Impact strength and damping as functions of temperature have been compared for eight polymers with typical differences in damping behavior, viz., four methacrylate polymers, a polyphenylene oxide, a polycarbonate, a polyoxymethylene, and a rigid polyethylene. If a damping maximum is caused by a movement within the main polymer chain, it is generally connected with an appreciable increase in impact strength. The temperature of the mechanical damping maximum and that of the transition in the impact strength may, however, differ considerably. If the damping maximum is caused by movements of sidechains only, it has at most a slight influence on the impact strength. Also a polymer with very low damping can have high impact strength and can even show a brittle‐tough transition. This occurs in the case of polyphenylene oxide.
Lossless value directed compression of complex user goal states for statistical spoken dialogue systems (2011)

This paper presents initial results in the application of Value Directed Compression (VDC) to spoken dialogue management belief states for reasoning about complex user goals. On a small but realistic SDS problem VDC generates a lossless compression which achieves a 6-fold reduction in the number of dialogue states required by a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) dialogue manager (DM). Reducing the number of dialogue states reduces the computational power, memory, and storage requirements of the hardware used to deploy such POMDP SDSs, thus increasing the complexity of the systems which could theoretically be deployed. In addition, in the case when on-line reinforcement learning is used to learn the DM policy, it should lead to, in this case, a 6-fold reduction in policy learning time. These are the first automatic compression results that have been presented for POMDP SDS states which represent user goals as sets over possible domain objects.
Versatile power flow transformer (2003)

Real and reactive power flow in an alternating current transmission line are independently controlled by connecting, to the transmission line, a series-compensating voltage, which is variable in magnitude and at variable angle with respect to the transmission line voltage as well as the prevailing line current. The traditional technology of transformer and tap changer is used to implement this novel technique. An additional voltage regulation capability can also be implemented. The speed of tap changer operation determines the response time of this power flow controller, which is quite adequate in most utility applications. If suitable solid-state switches are available to replace the mechanical taps, the response time can be improved.
Specific modulation of dopamine expression in neuronal hybrid cells by primary cells from different brain regions. (1992)

MN9D is an immortalized dopamine-containing neuronal hybrid cell line. When MN9D cells were coaggregated with primary embryonic cells of optic tectum, a brain region that does not receive a dopaminergic innervation, there was a marked reduction in their dopamine content, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. Similar reductions in dopamine content were produced by coaggregation with cells from embryonic thalamus, another brain region devoid of dopaminergic innervation. Coaggregation of MN9D cells with dopaminoceptive cells from the corpus striatum or the cortex did not have a demonstrable stimulatory effect on the dopamine content of MN9D cells. The decrease in MN9D dopamine content produced by optic tectum cells was not reversed by addition of corpus striatum cells. Thus, the MN9D hybrid cells are able to respond to an inhibitory factor(s) from cells derived from brain areas that are not targets for dopaminergic neurons. Catecholamine-producing PC12 cells did not respond in a similar manner, suggesting that the response of MN9D cells is a function of their mesencephalic origin. Given the selective response of MN9D cells to different brain cell populations, this hybrid cell line should facilitate investigations of cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system that may be involved in the expression of neurotransmitter phenotype and establishment of specific neuronal connections.
Improved posthypoxic recovery of synaptic transmission in gerbil neocortical slices treated with a calpain inhibitor. (1993)

The data indicate that calcium-activated proteolysis plays a critical role in hypoxic damage to the neocortex and that calpain inhibitors may be useful therapeutic agents.
Identification, Characterization, and Azole-Binding Properties of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> CYP164A2, a Homolog of ML2088, the Sole Cytochrome P450 Gene of <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> (2008)

The genome sequence of Mycobacterium leprae revealed a single open reading frame, ML2088 (CYP164A1), encoding a putative full-length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and 12 pseudogenes. We have identified a homolog of ML2088 in Mycobacterium smegmatis and report here the cloning, expression, purification, and azole-binding characteristics of this cytochrome P450 (CYP164A2). CYP164A2 is 1,245 bp long and encodes a protein of 414 amino acids and molecular mass of 45 kDa. CYP164A2 has 60% identity with Mycobacterium leprae CYP161A1 and 66 to 69% identity with eight other mycobacterial CYP164A1 homologs, with three identified highly conserved motifs. Recombinant CYP164A2 has the typical spectral characteristics of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, predominantly in the ferric low-spin state. Unusually, the spin state was readily modulated by increasing ionic strength at pH 7.5, with 50% high-spin occupancy achieved with 0.14 M NaCl. CYP164A2 bound clotrimazole, econazole, and miconazole strongly (K(d), 1.2 to 2.5 muM); however, strong binding with itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole was only observed in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Fluconazole did not bind to CYP164A2 at pH 7.5 and no discernible type II binding spectrum was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOLID PHASE OF THE SYSTEM ZIRCONIUM FLUORIDE (ZRF4)‐BARIUM FLUORIDE (BAF2) (1980)

Abstract Durch Festphasenreaktionen zwischen 400 und 860°C lassen sich im Titelsystem neben den bereits bekannten o:‐ und β‐BaZrF6 die neuen stöchiometrischen Phasen (I)‐(III) ((III) ist nur unterhalb 490°C stabil) darstellen.
Mannose Analog 1-Deoxymannojirimycin Inhibits the Golgi-Mediated Processing of Bean Storage Glycoproteins (1989)

The asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins can be processed to form a wide variety of structures. The Golgi complex is the main compartment involved in this processing. In mammalian cells the first enzyme acting along the Golgi processing pathway is mannosidase I, whose action is a prerequisite for any further processing and which is inhibited by the mannose analog 1-deoxymannojirimycin (dMM). To have insights into the processing pathway in plant cells, we have studied the in vivo effect of dMM on the processing of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) storage proteins phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin, two well characterized plant glycoproteins. Cotyledons obtained from developing seeds were labeled with radioactive leucine, glucosamine, or fucose in the presence or absence of dMM. Treatment with dMM fully inhibited the acquisition of resistance to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H by phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin and the incorporation of fucose into protein. Furthermore, the apparent molecular weight of the polypeptides of phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin synthesized in dMM-treated cotyledons was consistent with the exclusive presence of oligommanose oligosaccharide chains which had not been processed in the Golgi complex. The inhibition of processing did not prevent exit from the Golgi complex, and most probably the storage proteins were correctly targeted to the protein bodies as indicated by the post-translational polypeptide cleavage of phaseolin. These results indicate that the action of a mannosidase is the first obligatory step of Golgi-mediated processing also in a plant cell and, together with data obtained in other laboratories on the in vitro specificity of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases present in the Golgi complex of plant cells, support the hypothesis that the key early reactions in Golgi-mediated processing are similar if not identical in plants and mammals.
Amorphisation of Free Acid Ibuprofen and Other Profens in Mixtures with Nanocellulose: Dry Powder Formulation Strategy for Enhanced Solubility (2019)

The formulation of arylpropionic acid derivatives (profens), which are poorly soluble Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Type II drugs, has a strong impact on their therapeutic action. This article shows that heat-treated powder mixtures of free acid profens with high surface area Cladophora cellulose induces drug amorphization and results in enhanced solubility and bioavailability. Similar mixtures produced using conventional low surface area cellulose, i.e., microcrystalline cellulose, does not produce the same effect. The concept is thoroughly described and links the solid-state characterization data, such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, with in vitro dissolution in biorelevant media and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. The concept is demonstrated for several substances from the profens group, including ibuprofen (main model drug), ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, and naproxen. The presented approach opens new ways to produce solid dosage forms of profen drugs in their free acidic form as alternatives to existing analogues, e.g., drug-salt conjugates or soft gel liquid capsules.
Cadmium accumulation and buffering of cadmium-induced stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza in three Pisum sativum L. genotypes (2002)

The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in reducing Cd stress was investigated in three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128), grown in soil/sand pot cultures in the presence and absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cd, and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Shoot, root and pod biomass were decreased by Cd in non-mycorrhizal plants. The presence of mycorrhiza attenuated the negative effect of Cd so that shoot biomass and activity of photosystem II, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, were not significantly different between mycorrhizal plants growing in the presence or absence of the heavy metal (HM). Total P concentrations were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants treated with Cd. From 20-50-fold more Cd accumulated in roots than in shoots of Cd-treated plants, and overall levels were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants. Genetic variability in Cd accumulation existed between the pea genotypes. Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128. G. intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson, whilst high concentrations were maintained in roots and pods of mycorrhizal VIR7128. Shoot concentrations of Cd increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788. Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128. Possible mechanisms for mycorrhiza buffering of Cd-induced stress in the pea genotypes are discussed.
Ensuring Sustained Production by Managing Annular-Pressure Buildup (2009)

Abstract Increased tubinghead temperature with increased rate may induce pressure increase in the annuli for the trapped fluid. Managing annular-pressure buildup or APB for sustaining well deliverability is particularly crucial in subsea wells, which cannot be intervened easily. Ordinarily, a multistring casing design accommodates anomalous pressure rise from the standpoint of well integrity. However, management of day-to-day operations presents challenges when APB occurs. This study presents mechanistic models for understanding and mitigating APB during production. Specifically, by preserving mass, momentum, and energy in the wellbore we developed two approaches involving semisteady-state and transient formulations for estimating APB. The intrinsic idea is to mimic the physical process with minimal input parameters to estimate pressure buildup in the annuli. Our model formulation handles the mechanisms of fluid expansion and fluid influx/efflux quite rigorously. This approach appears quite sufficient because we account for most of the cases of APB encountered.
The stability of LiNiLaO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst for partial oxidation of methane to syngas (1999)

The catalytic performance, thermal stability, carbon deposition, crystal phase, catalyst surface composition, pare volume and specific surface area were investigated using a series of characterization techniques including fixed-bed microreactor, TG, XRD, XPS, TPR and BET. The results indicated that LiNiLaO/gamma . Al2O3 catalyst was quite stable during the 200 h life-test at 1 123 K. CH4 conversion and CO selectivity kept exceeding 96.00%, respectively, at CH4/O-2 ratio of 1.96 and space velocity of 27 000 l/(kg.h). The catalyst not only had excellent carbon deposition resistance, comparatively stable pore structure and stable crystal phase, but also the active center nickel did not react with the support to produce compound (NiAl2O4) during high temperature reaction.
Blanket LVD tungsten silicide technology for smart power applications (1989)

A high-frequency power MOSFET structure fabricated using blanket deposited LPCVD (low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) WSi/sub 2/ gate and selectively deposited LPCVD tungsten source contact metallurgy is reported. A high-density power MOSFET technology suitable for smart power applications which simultaneously lowers the gate sheet resistance and source contact resistance is discussed. This technology was used to fabricate 30-V and 50-V power FETs with excellent high-frequency performances. The measured specific on-resistance R/sub sp/, specific input capacitance C/sub sp/, and switching times are among the lowest reported in the literature for any power FET structure in this reverse blocking voltage range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>