gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comb-Shaped Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as Proton Exchange Membranes (2008)

A new sulfonated side-chain grafting unit containing two or four sulfonic acid groups was synthesized using sulfonated 4-fluorobenzophenone (FBP) and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-((4-fluorophenyl)thio)phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (3FBPT). A conventional aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) was used for copolymerization of poly(arylene ether sulfone) containing a methoxy group. After converting the methoxy group to the reactive hydroxyl group, this functionalized copolymer was reacted to graft the sulfonated side chains to make the comb-shaped sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers. All the polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the water uptake, and proton and methanol transport for fuel cell applications. These comb-shaped sulfonated polymers had good properties as polyelectrolyte membrane materials. The comb-shaped copolymers with two or four sulfonic acid groups show high proton conductivity in the range of 34−147 and 63−125 mS/cm, respectively. The methanol permeabilities of these copolymers were in the range of 8.2 × 10-7−5.6 × 10-8 cm2/s. A combination of high proton conductivities, low water uptake, and low methanol permeabilities for some of the comb-shaped copolymers indicated that they are good candidate materials for proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.
Partial discharge. XI. Limitations to PD as a diagnostic for deterioration and remaining life (1992)

For pt.X see ibid., vol.8, no.1, p.16 (1992). The correlation of partial discharge (PD) measurements with insulation degradation and failure is addressed. The limitations inherent to such diagnostics as applied to solid insulating systems are examined. The discussion is based on simple experimental facts and the physics of discharge within solid dielectrics. It is concluded that meaningful evaluation of PD measurements in terms of the rate of degradation or remaining life is impossible in the absence of a microscopic description of the defect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasma-based dry etching techniques in the silicon integrated circuit technology (1992)

Plasma-based dry etching techniques play a major role in the formation of silicon-based integrated circuits. The first part of this paper reviews our understanding of the means for achieving etching directionality and selectivity in reactive etching using glow discharges. Relevant trends in magnetically enhanced rf diode systems, microwave-excited electron cyclotron resonance plasmas, process clustering, real-time process monitoring and control, and computer modeling of glow discharges are discussed in the second part of the paper.
Deep‐Tissue Photoacoustic Tomography of a Genetically Encoded Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe (2011)

Skin-deep: The combination of a near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) and deep-tissue photoacoustic tomography clearly demonstrates the superiority of iRFP over other genetically encoded probes. Impressive resolution (280 μm lateral and 75 μm axial) was obtained at a depth of 4 mm in a live animal, and volumetric images of a tumor were produced (see image), thus allowing the spatially resolved monitoring of its development.
Sport, immune system and respiratory infections. (2003)

In the recent years, the importance of sports in everyday life has rapidly increased. Asthma and respiratory allergy are among the most common problems to be afforded in those individuals practising sports and therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of allergy in athletes have received in recent times a great interest. The experimental studies performed on allergy and sport have lead to take in consideration a more general aspect, that is the effects of exercise on the immune system. In fact, it has been observed that exercise can induce significant and measurable immunological changes, involving a transient immune suppression (changes in number and activity of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and secretion of cytokines). This is probably the reason why athletes seem to be more prone to upper respiratory viral infections. These infections usually appear after exercise discontinuation (within 3 days) particularly in those athletes practising sports which require a long term effort and resistance. The problem is further complicated by the effect of nutrition, since nutrition regimen itself and dietary supplementation were demonstrated able to interfere with the immune response. In the present article we will review the present knowledge and experimental data concerning the effects of sport on immune system and some of the most important clinical implications.
Perspectives on death and dying Jane Leishman Perspectives on death and dying M&K 148pp £22 978905539215 (2011)

The AUThoRs of this useful book offer a comprehensive overview of death and dying, from historical perspectives through to 21st century approaches.
29Si NMR study of base-catalyzed polymerization of dimethyldiethoxysilane (1999)

When moving from acidic to basic conditions for polycondensation of tetrafunctional alkoxysilanes, significant complications inhibit quantitative modeling of the polymerization process— most significantly formation of new liquid and solid phases. To understand what chemical processes influence the evolution of alkoxysilanes under basic conditions, we study the behavior of a model difunctional system which remains homogeneous during polycondensation and is of interest for preparing hybrid materials and elastomers. Characterizing the system by time-resolved 29Si NMR, we found direct quantitative evidence for three important differences in behavior from polymerization of alkoxysilanes under acidic conditions: (1) monomer consumption rate limited by hydrolysis rather than condensation; (2) a different substitution effect of siloxane connectivity on condensation reactivity; and (3) substantial reduction of the formation of small (six- or eight-atom) cycles. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of Chojnowski and coworkers that deprotonation of silanols destabilizes neighboring silicon–oxygen bonds. Additional chemistry, including deprotonation, siloxane solvolysis and disproportionation must be considered under alkaline conditions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A diagnostic test generation procedure based on test elimination by vector omission for synchronous sequential circuits (2000)

We propose a procedure for generating test sequences for diagnosis of synchronous sequential circuits based on stuck at faults. In this procedure, we avoid the conventional fault-oriented test generation process by observing that a sequence to distinguish two faults can be obtained from a sequence T that detects both of the faults (such as a test sequence for fault detection) by changing T so as to "undetect" one of the faults, or change the time units or outputs where the fault is detected. To achieve this goal, the proposed procedure eliminates parts of T so as to render some of the faults undetected, or change their detection times or outputs. In the case where faults become undetected by the modified sequence, the detected faults are distinguished from the faults left undetected by the modified sequence based on pass/fall information. A pass/fall dictionary based on modified test sequences is proposed for this case. Alternatively, a standard dictionary can be used, and the proposed procedure can be used to change the time units or outputs where faults are detected in order to distinguish them. We present experimental results to demonstrate the levels of resolution that can be obtained by the proposed procedure with the proposed pass/fail dictionary, and the number of sequences required for this purpose.
Effect of myocardial infarction on high-frequency QRS potentials. (1981)

Studies have shown that the number of high-frequency QRS notches increases after myocardial infarction (MI). To assess overall high-frequency (greater than 80 Hz) potentials more quantitatively, we adapted filtered and the root-mean-square (RMS) voltage of the residual (80-300 Hz) signal computed. High-frequency RMS values were significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in leads II, III and aVf in normal subjects (n = 12) than in patients with inferior infarction (n = 12). Similarly, high-frequency RMS values were higher (p less than 0.01) in leads V2 and V5 in normal subjects (n = 14) than in patients with prior anterior MI (n = 14). A reduction in high-frequency RMS values with inferior infarction was independently confirmed using Fourier analysis of the QRS in lead II. QRS notching in these subjects was also quantified by computing the number of baseline crossings of the first derivative (dV/dt). As predicted, notching was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) both with inferior MI (lead II) and anterior MI (lead V5). However, contrary to classic theory, the number of notches correlated negatively with direct measurements of high-frequency RMS voltage in lead II (r = -0.63) and lead V5 (r = -0.49). Positive correlations were obtained between high-frequency potentials and two new indexes that measure the amplitude of QRS dV/dt-peak-to-peak amplitude of dV/dt and RMS dV/dt. Using these indexes, absolute separation of inferior MI patients and normal subjects was obtained. We conclude that MI increases low-amplitude QRS notching but diminishes total high-frequency voltage, probably because of an overall decrease in electromotive potentials and slowing of ventricular conduction.
Diverge-Merge Processor: Generalized and Energy-Efficient Dynamic Predication (2007)

The branch misprediction penalty is a major performance limiter and a major cause of wasted energy in high-performance processors. The diverge-merge processor reduces this penalty by dynamically predicating a wide range of hard-to-predict branches at runtime in an energy-efficient way that doesn't significantly increase hardware complexity or require major ISA changes
Robust decision feedback equalisation using error propagation detection (1999)

It is shown that depending on the channel and the operating signal to noise ratio, the onset of error propagation in a decision feedback equaliser (DFE) is a detectable event. With the exploitation of this event using error correcting schemes the run length distribution of the feedback errors can be altered so as to improve the average bit error rate (BER). A novel fractionally spaced DFE using feedback error detection is presented which offers BER improvement over the conventional fractionally spaced DFE with only a small increase in complexity. A number of error correcting schemes are explored, the simplest of which has the lowest BER.
Effects of Hop Extracts on Nasal Rubbing and Sneezing in BALB/c Mice (2006)

The effects of hop extracts (Humulus lupulus L.) on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and human basophilic KU812 cells were studied. Hop water extract (HWE) and XAD-4 50% methanol fraction of HWE (MFH) inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells induced by compound 48/80 at concentrations of 100 and 10 mug/ml, respectively. Almost the same findings were observed with A23187-induced histamine release from KU812 cells. Next, we studied the effects of hop extracts on antigen-induced nasal rubbing and sneezing in sensitized BALB/c mice. HWE caused a significant inhibition of nasal rubbing and sneezing at a dose of 500 mg/kg. MFH also inhibited nasal rubbing and sneezing dose-dependently. A significant difference was observed from 100 mg/kg in nasal rubbing and 200 mg/kg in sneezing. The effects of both extracts became clear after repeated administration. HWE and MFH significantly inhibited both nasal rubbing and sneezing, respectively, after consecutive treatment for 15 d at smaller doses compared with single administration. This finding indicates that the active component of hop is included in MFH, which was absorbed to Amberlite XAD-4 and eluted with 50% methanol. These results clearly demonstrated that hop extracts may be effective in the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
High-definition vector imaging for synthetic aperture radar (2002)

High-definition vector imaging (HDVI) is a data-adaptive approach to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image reconstruction based on superresolution techniques originally developed for passive sensor arrays. The goal is to produce more informative, higher resolution imagery for improving target recognition with UHF and millimeter-wave SAR. Algorithms presented here include 2-D minimum-variance techniques based on the MLM (Capon) algorithm and a 2-D version of the MUSIC algorithm. A comparison of techniques via simulation is provided. Results are presented for wideband rail SAR measurements of reflectors in foliage, demonstrating resolution improvement and clutter rejection. Also, results of processing data from an airborne millimeter-wave SAR demonstrate improved resolution and speckle reduction. The "Vector" aspect, i.e., the incorporation of non-pointlike scattering models to enable characterization of scattering mechanisms, is briefly discussed.
A novel role for Slit2/Robo1 axis in modulating HIV-1 replication in T cells (2011)

Taken together, our results describe Slit2/Robo1 axis as a novel modulator of HIV-1 replication in T cells. These studies may contribute to the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Analytical scatter estimation for cone-beam computed tomography (2009)

We are investigating methods for computational scatter estimation for scatter correction in cone-beam computed tomography. We have developed an analytical method for estimating single scatter. The paper discusses our analytical method and its validation using Monte Carlo simulations. The paper extends previous results to include both Compton and Rayleigh single scatter interactions. The paper also discusses the potential for hybrid scatter estimation, in which empirical measurements of the total scatter signal in the collimator shadow may be used to augment computational single scatter estimates and thus account for multiple scatter.
A flat cable with resistively joined YBCO stripes (2009)

A model of a flat AC cable with resistively joined strips of a Y1Ba2Cu3Ox (YBCO)-coated conductor was prepared. I–V curves, losses in AC external magnetic field and losses due to AC transport current at various frequencies up to 453 Hz were measured. The critical current of the cable at 77 K and self-field was ~160 A. It is shown that the resistive losses in the joints between the stripes do not significantly contribute to the total cable losses exposed to an AC external magnetic field.
Recombination Enhancement by Replication (RER) in Rhizobium etli (2000)

Studies in several organisms show that recombination and replication interact closely. Recombinational repair usually requires associated replication at some stage; moreover, additional replication can induce recombination through either homologous or illegitimate events. In prokaryotes, stimulation of recombination by replication is more dramatic when rolling circle replication is employed. In contrast, theta-type replication induces only a modest increase in recombination frequency. In this article, we show that induction of theta-type replication from a supernumerary origin in the symbiotic plasmid (pSym) of Rhizobium etli leads to a 1000-fold increase in deletion formation on this plasmid. These deletions span 120 kb (the symbiotic region) and have as endpoints the reiterated nitrogenase operons. We have named this phenomenon RER, for recombination enhancement by replication. RER is not affected by the position of the replication origin in the pSym, the direction of advance of the replication fork, or the distance from the origin to the recombining repeats. On the other hand, RER is dependent on an active recA allele, indicating that it is due to homologous recombination. RER displays a strong regionality restricted to the symbiotic region. The similarities and differences of RER with the recombination process observed at the terminus of replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome are discussed.
Globetoddler : enhancing the experience of remote interaction for preschool children and their traveling parents (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
Design and manufacturing of shin pads with multi-material additive manufactured features for football players: A comparison with commercial shin pads (2018)

Shin pads are part of the mandatory equipment footballers must wear so as to prevent lesions. Most players wear commercially available shin pads made from a variety of common materials (polypropylene or polyethylene) and high-resistance materials (glass fibre, carbon fibre or Kevlar) using traditional manufacturing techniques. Additive manufacturing was used years ago to deliver customised rigid shin pads, but they did not offer any significant advantage in terms of materials or design compared to traditional shin pads. This project analyses a novel approach to the design and manufacture of shin pads for football players that combines existing digitisation tools, lattice structures and a multi-material additive manufacturing device. A total of 24 different additive manufacturing geometries were evaluated using a customised rig where a 1-kg impactor was released from several heights (100–400 mm). The impact acceleration, the transmitted force to the leg and penetration were calculated. Results were compared against two commercially available shin pads. Results show that two of the additive manufacturing specimens tested at the highest drop height had lower impact accelerations than commercial shin pads. They had an acceleration reduction between 42% and 68% with respect to the commercial shin pads. Regarding the penetration, the improvement achieved with additive manufacturing specimens ranged from 13% to 32%, while the attenuation and the contact times were similar.
Surface acoustic wave action on microfluidic channels and microparticles (2014)

We describe lithium niobate SAW devices and their wave structure at different resonant frequencies, and we discuss the difference between PDMS and PMMA as the material for the microfluidic channel. We discuss the different wave structure for SAW devices operating at different resonant frequencies, showing simulation results and laboratory measurements. We discuss our recent studies to sort microparticles by size.
New Route to 3-Alkylthiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole Derivatives (2005)

3-Alkyl-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives are obtained in high yields via the corresponding 4-alkyl-N-3-(2-aminophenyl)-thiazoline-2-thiones which are easily prepared from 1,2-diaminobenzene, CS(2) and halogenoketones. This new route compares advantageously with the classical mercaptobenzimidazole routes in term of simplicity,isolated yields and availability of the starting materials.
The SSAHA trace server (2004)

We present a client/server database system with the potential to make all DNA sequences searchable. The database estimated to be approximately 200 Gbps, contains various types of sequences, including WGS and clone reads, draft assemblies, finished sequences, refSeq etc. The search engine will be SSAHA2, a package combined SSAHA (sequence search and alignment by hashing algorithm) with cross/spl I.bar/match. Matching seeds of a few kmer words are detected by the SSAHA algorithm. Both query and subject sequences are cut off according to the locations of the matching seeds and then passed to cross/spl I.bar/match for full alignment. We aim to develop a platform-independent client/server system which can provide a near real-time (under 10 seconds) search service for a clustered database.
Roasting Process of Coffee Beans as Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Time Course of Changes in Composition (2012)

In this paper, we report a (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based comprehensive analysis of coffee bean extracts of different degrees of roast. The roasting process of coffee bean extracts was chemically characterized using detailed signal assignment information coupled with multivariate data analysis. A total of 30 NMR-visible components of coffee bean extracts were monitored simultaneously as a function of the roasting duration. During roasting, components such as sucrose and chlorogenic acids were degraded and components such as quinic acids, N-methylpyridinium, and water-soluble polysaccharides were formed. Caffeine and myo-inositol were relatively thermally stable. Multivariate data analysis indicated that some components such as sucrose, chlorogenic acids, quinic acids, and polysaccharides could serve as chemical markers during coffee bean roasting. The present composition-based quality analysis provides an excellent holistic method and suggests useful chemical markers to control and characterize the coffee-roasting process.
Bromocriptine (1979)

BROMOCRIPTINE (2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine, Parlodel) (Fig. 1), an ergot derivative with dopamine receptor agonist actions that lowers prolactin levels in the blood,1 2 3 4 5 was developed by Flückiger as a compound with powerful action on prolactin but with little toxicity to the vascular system or uterus.6 , 7 The FDA-approved package insert gives as the only indication "the short-term treatment of amenorrhea/galactorrhea associated with hyperprolactinemia due to varied etiologies, excluding demonstrable pituitary tumors." The drug is considered "not indicated in the management of infertility" because "safe use has not been demonstrated in pregnancy." This review will discuss bromocriptine from the broader, British perspective.Mechanism of Action . . .
An examination of UV radiation tolerance and photoenzymatic repair capabilities across temperature in the freshwater cladocerans<i>Scapholeberis mucronata, Diaphanosoma birgei</i>, and<i>Moina</i>spp (2017)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has multiple consequences to freshwater organisms. Some zooplanktons use photoenzymatic repair (PER), which is a process that utilizes ultraviolet-A and visible light (photorepair radiation, PRR) to repair ultraviolet-B-induced DNA damage. Some zooplanktons also repair damage via nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is a radiation-independent enzymatic process. Our objective was to determine the effects of UV radiation, including the use of PER and NER on the cladocerans Diaphanosoma birgei, Scapholeberis mucronata, and Moina spp. Based on studies with Daphnia, we hypothesized that the use of PER and NER varies with temperature and across species. The three taxa were exposed to UV-B radiation followed by photorepair radiation (+PRR) or no photorepair radiation (−PRR). The occurrences of PER and NER were determined indirectly by monitoring the survival and reproduction after exposure. Experiments were performed at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. S. mucronata and Moina spp. use PER effectively at all temperatures, whereas D. birgei uses PER less effectively and only at warmer temperatures. S. mucronata and Moina spp. use NER more effectively at colder temperatures, while D. birgei uses little to no NER. These findings have implications on how these organisms may adapt to changing UV and thermal conditions.
Decreased Susceptibility to Viral Disease of b-1,3-Glucanase-Deficient Plants Generated by Antisense Transformation (1996)

Roland S. Beffa, Rose-Marie Hofer, Monique Thomas, Frederick Meins, Jr., Decreased Susceptibility to Viral Disease of β-1,3-Glucanase-Deficient Plants Generated by Antisense Transformation, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 6 (Jun., 1996), pp. 1001-1011