gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramyocardial delivery of FGF2 in combination with radio frequency transmyocardial revascularization (2001)

Therapeutic angiogenesis and percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization (PMR) are potentially synergistic modalities to improve myocardial perfusion. To evaluate the efficiency of FGF2 delivery into an area that has been radio frequency (RF) ablated, we studied two catheter-based delivery methods, a direct injection system (Stiletto) and a combined RF ablation-delivery system (RF-PMR). Four groups (n = 3/group) of pigs received six transendocardial injections of (125)I-FGF2/fluorescent microspheres with either the Stiletto or the RF-PMR catheter. RF-PMR injections were preceded by a 0.6 sec RF ablation step. After either 1 or 24 hr, hearts and other tissues were harvested. Intramyocardial deposition sites were located with UV light and isolated. Specific activity per site was expressed as a percentage of total activity injected per site corrected for quenching. Injection site recovery was high for both catheter systems (average = 88%) and systemic uptake was low (< 6% in the liver). FGF2 retention was significantly higher with the Stiletto than the RF-PMR catheter (Stiletto 1 hr 41% +/- 17%, 24 hr 26% +/- 10%, RF-PMR 1 hr 21% +/- 14%, 24 hr 13% +/- 8%; P < 0.001), principally explained by the differences in catheter design. The Stiletto has a retractable needle and is optimized for intramyocardial delivery, whereas infusion from the RF-PMR device occurs at the endocardial surface and relies on channels created during RF ablation. Overall, FGF2 retention after transendocardial intramyocardial delivery by the Stiletto or the RF-PMR system is significantly higher than previously observed for intracoronary, intravenous and intrapericardial delivery. In conclusion, the combination of RF ablation and growth factor delivery using the RF-PMR system is feasible and efficient. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:429-434.
Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas over metal-supported catalysts: State of the art (1996)

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane produces synthesis gas with a low hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio, which is desirable for many industrial synthesis processes. This reaction also has very important environmental implications since both methane and carbon dioxide contribute to the greenhouse effect. Converting these gases into a valuable feedstock may significantly reduce the atmospheric emissions of CO2 and CH4. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on the thermodynamics, catalyst selection and activity, reaction mechanism, and kinetics of this important reaction. Recently, research has centered on the development of catalysts and the feasible applications of this reaction in industry. Group VIII metals supported on oxides are found to be effective for this reason. However, carbon deposition causing catalyst deactivation is the major problem inhibiting the industrial application of the CO2/CH4 reaction. Ni-based catalysts impregnated on certain supports show carbon-free operation and thus attract much attention. To develop an effective catalyst for CO2 reforming of CH4 and accelerate the commercial application of the reaction, the following are identified to be the most important areas for future work: (1) selection of metal and support and studying the effect of their interaction on catalyst activity; (2) the effect of different promoter on catalyst activity; (3) the reaction mechanism and kinetics; and (4) pilot reactor performance and scale-up operation.
Diketopyrrolopyrroles as Acceptor Materials in Organic Photovoltaics (2010)

In the search of new electron acceptor, n-type materials for organic solar cells that combine a strong absorption over a broad range with good electrical characteristics, the use of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives with low reduction potentials is explored. A series of small molecule DPP derivatives is presented and the compounds are tested as electron acceptors in combination with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor material. Working photovoltaic devices are obtained that show a photoresponse in the wavelength region where the DPP molecules absorb. The best device shows a power conversion efficiency of 0.31% in simulated solar light, with a photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of ∼10% up to 700 nm. The efficiency seems to be limited by the coarse morphology of the blend.
Antitumor Activity and Underlying Mechanisms of Ganopoly, The Refined Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma Lucidum, in Mice (2005)

Ganopoly is an aqueous polysaccharide fraction extracted from G. lucidum by patented biochemical technique and has been marketed as an over-the-counter product for chronic diseases including cancer and hepatopathy in many Asian countries. This study was undertaken to explore the anti-tumour effect and the underlying mechanisms of Ganopoly in mice and human tumor cell lines. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Ganopoly in mice was estimated to be 100 mg/kg from a pilot study. Treatment of mice with oral Ganopoly for 10 days significantly reduced the tumour weight of sarcoma-180 in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 32.3, 48.2 and 84.9% and growth delays of 1.5, 3.5, and 13.1 days at 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Incubation of Ganopoly at 0.05-1.0 mg/ml for 48 hours showed little or negligible cytotoxicity against human tumor CaSki, SiHa, Hep3B, HepG2, HCT116 HT29, and MCF7 cells in vitro. In contrast, 10 mg/ml of Ganopoly caused significant cytotoxicity in all tumour cells tested except MCF7, with marked apoptotic effect observed in CaSki, HepG2, and HCT116 cells, as indicated by nuclear staining and DNA fragmentation. In addition, Ganopoly enhanced concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation of murine splenocytes by 35.3% at 10 mg/ml, and stimulated the production of nitric oxide in thioglycollate-primed murine peritoneal macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner over 0.05-10 mg/ml. Addition of Ganopoly at 1 mg/ ml to murine peritoneal macrophages also potentiated lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by 64.2%. Treatment of healthy mice or mice bearing sarsoma-180 with oral Ganopoly over 20-100 mg/kg for 7 day significantly increased the expression of both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (at both mRNA and protein levels) in splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of Ganopoly over 20-100 mg/kg significantly increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxicity and NK activity in mice. The overall findings indicated that Ganopoly had antitumor activity with a broad spectrum of immuno-modulating activities and may represent a novel promising immunotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Major depression in a community sample of African Americans (1995)

Young age and fair to poor physical health appear to be more powerful risk factors for major depression among African Americans than other demographic, sociocultural, and family background variables. Few African Americans with major depression actually receive clinical treatment for this illness. The results further suggest the need to increase awareness of major depression among general practitioners and to target outreach to African American communities.
Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work (2005)

This review summarizes the knowledge regarding ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorders and the association with computer work. A model of musculoskeletal disorders and computer work is proposed and the evidence and implications of the model together with issues for future research is discussed. The model emphasizes the associations between work organization, psychosocial factors and mental stress on the one hand and physical demands and physical load on the other. It is hypothesized that perceived muscular tension is an early sign of musculoskeletal disorder, which arises as a result of work organizational and psychosocial factors as well as from physical load and individual factors. It is further hypothesized that perceptions of exertion and comfort are other possible early signs of musculoskeletal disorders in computer work. Interventions aimed at reducing musculoskeletal disorders due to computer work should be directed at both physical/ergonomic factors and work organizational and psychosocial factors. Interventions should be carried out with management support and active involvement of the individual workers.
Early diagnosis of and surgical strategy for adrenal medullary disease in MEN II gene carriers. (1988)

Sixteen multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II) gene carriers--12 who had undergone thyroidectomy because of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and 4 whose thyroid glands had been removed because of C cell hyperplasia--were examined for the presence of pheochromocytomas. No patient had sought medical advice for pheochromocytoma symptoms. Fourteen patients had MEN IIa syndromes, one patient had a MEN IIb and another patient had a mixed syndrome of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and MEN II. Eight patients had undergone unilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma 11 +/- 4 years before. The patients underwent clinical examination, determination of the urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites, and 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) and CAT scans. 131I-MIBG scanning was performed with images 1, 4, and 7 days after the radionuclide injection. In seven of eight patients who had undergone unilateral adrenalectomies, the 131I-MIBG scans showed accumulation of the radionuclide in the remaining adrenal gland. Bilateral adrenal accumulation of the radionuclide was demonstrated in seven of eight MEN IIa gene carriers who had not undergone adrenalectomy. Five patients, two of whom had undergone adrenalectomy, were found to have unilateral pheochromocytomas less than 2 cm in diameter. Only one of these five patients had an elevated excretion of urinary catecholamines. Between day 4 and day 7 after 131I-MIBG injection, adrenal glands with pheochromocytomas increased their relative accumulation of the radionuclide significantly more (p less than 0.02) than did adrenal glands without any demonstrable pheochromocytomas. All the pheochromocytomas were viewed by means of CAT scans. Only one MEN IIa patient had bilateral pheochromocytomas, but our findings indicate that there is a tendency to bilateral adrenal medullary hyperfunction in most MEN II gene carriers. As 131I-MIBG and CAT scans can facilitate the early diagnosis of pheochromocytomas, unilateral adrenalectomy can safely be performed in most MEN IIa patients. Bilateral pheochromocytomas develop in a majority of patients with MEN IIb syndromes. Bilateral adrenalectomy should therefore be performed in these patients.
Increased Concentration of Iodide in Airway Secretions Is Associated with Reduced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity (2013)

Recent studies have revealed that the human and nonrodent mammalian airway mucosa contains an oxidative host defense system. This three-component system consists of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-producing enzymes dual oxidase (Duox)1 and Duox2, thiocyanate (SCN(-)), and secreted lactoperoxidase (LPO). The LPO-catalyzed reaction between H2O2 and SCN(-) yields the bactericidal hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-)) in airway surface liquid (ASL). Although SCN(-) is the physiological substrate of LPO, the Duox/LPO/halide system can generate hypoiodous acid when the iodide (I(-)) concentration is elevated in ASL. Because hypoiodous acid, but not OSCN(-), inactivates respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in cell culture, we used a lamb model of RSV to test whether potassium iodide (KI) could enhance this system in vivo. Newborn lambs received KI by intragastric gavage or were left untreated before intratracheal inoculation of RSV. KI treatment led to a 10-fold increase in ASL I(-) concentration, and this I(-) concentration was approximately 30-fold higher than that measured in the serum. Also, expiratory effort, gross lung lesions, and pulmonary expression of an RSV antigen and IL-8 were reduced in the KI-treated lambs as compared with nontreated control lambs. Inhibition of LPO activity significantly increased lesions, RSV mRNA, and antigen. Similar experiments in 3-week-old lambs demonstrated that KI administration was associated with reduced gross lesions, decreased RSV titers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced RSV antigen expression. Overall, these data indicate that high-dose KI supplementation can be used in vivo to lessen the severity of RSV infections, potentially through the augmentation of mucosal oxidative defenses.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in the Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

Inflammation is a condition that underscores many cardiovascular pathologies including endothelial dysfunction, but no link is yet established between the vascular pathology of the metabolic syndrome with a particular inflammatory cytokine. We hypothesized that impairments in coronary endothelial function in the obese condition the prediabetic metabolic syndrome is caused by TNF-alpha overexpression. To test this, we measured endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside) of isolated, pressurized coronary small arteries from lean control and Zucker obese fatty (ZOF, a model of prediabetic metabolic syndrome) rats. In ZOF rats, dilation to ACh was blunted compared with lean rats, but sodium nitroprusside-induced dilation was comparable. Superoxide (O2*-) generation was elevated in vessels from ZOF rats compared with lean rats, and administration of the O2*- scavenger TEMPOL, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), or anti-TNF-alpha restored endothelium-dependent dilation in the ZOF rats. Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed that mRNA and protein of TNF-alpha were higher in ZOF rats than that in lean rats, whereas eNOS protein levels were reduced in the ZOF versus lean rats. Immunostaining showed that TNF-alpha in ZOF rat heart is localized in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Expression of NAD(P)H subunits p22 and p40-phox were elevated in ZOF compared with lean animals. Administration of TNF-alpha more than 3 days also induced expression of these NAD(P)H subunits and abrogated endothelium-dependent dilation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the endothelial dysfunction occurring in the metabolic syndrome is the result of effects of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and subsequent production of O2*-.
The impact of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and its beneficial counterpart Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the indigenous lettuce microbiome (2014)

Lettuce belongs to the most commonly raw eaten food worldwide and its microbiome plays an important role for both human and plant health. Yet, little is known about the impact of potentially occurring pathogens and beneficial inoculants of the indigenous microorganisms associated with lettuce. To address this question we studied the impact of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the biological control agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 on the indigenous rhizosphere and phyllosphere community of greenhouse-grown lettuce at two plant stages. The rhizosphere and phyllosphere gammaproteobacterial microbiomes of lettuce plants showed clear differences in their overall and core microbiome composition as well as in corresponding diversity indices. The rhizosphere was dominated by Xanthomonadaceae (48%) and Pseudomonadaceae (37%) with Rhodanobacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, Dokdonella, Luteimonas, Steroidobacter, Thermomonas as core inhabitants, while the dominating taxa associated to phyllosphere were Pseudomonadaceae (54%), Moraxellaceae (16%) and Enterobacteriaceae (25%) with Alkanindiges, Pantoea and a group of Enterobacteriaceae unclassified at genus level. The preferential occurrence of enterics in the phyllosphere was the most significant difference between both habitats. Additional enhancement of enterics on the phyllosphere was observed in bottom rot diseased lettuce plants, while Acinetobacter and Alkanindiges were identified as indicators of healthy plants. Interestingly, the microbial diversity was enhanced by treatment with both the pathogen, and the co-inoculated biological control agent. The highest impact and bacterial diversity was found by Rhizoctonia inoculation, but FZB42 lowered the impact of Rhizoctonia on the microbiome. This study shows that the indigenous microbiome shifts as a consequence to pathogen attack but FZB42 can compensate these effects, which supports their role as biocontrol agent and suggests a novel mode of action.
A novel implantable device for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: clinical safety and feasibility (2016)

Implantation of the device was feasible. Although a relatively high rate of extrusions occurred in the now-discontinued palate implants, tongue-base implants were largely stable and well tolerated. The minimally invasive and maintenance-free implant may provide a new alternative to higher morbidity surgical procedures.
A sparse matrix open boundary method for finite element analysis (1989)

A novel implicit mapping method for handling exterior- and far-field problems is described. The method provides a way of maintaining sparsity. Several boundary methods are compared, and the implicit mapping approach is described in detail. In terms of complexity the proposed method is more expensive than a hybrid or ballooning method, but this cost is offset for many problems by its simplicity and the fact that far-field values are readily available. In addition, the method can be used to extend the range of boundary conditions available in a standard finite-element package to include inhomogeneous Neumann conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dose-Dependent Impairment of Collagen Deposition by Topical Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Human Experimental Wounds (2002)

Inhibition of fibrogenesis with GM-CSF intervention may impair tissue repair processes during surgery.
Room temperature continuous wave operation and controlled spontaneous emission in ultrasmall photonic crystal nanolaser (2007)

Photonic crystal slab enables us to form an ultrasmall laser cavity with a modal volume close to the diffraction limit of light. However, the thermal resistance of such nanolasers, as high as 10(6) K/W, has prevented continuous-wave operation at room temperature. The present paper reports on the first successful continuous-wave operation at room temperature for the smallest nanolaser reported to date, achieved through fabrication of a laser with a low threshold of 1.2 muW. Near-thresholdless lasing and spontaneous emission enhancement due to the Purcell effect are also demonstrated in a moderately low Q nanolaser, both of which are well explained by a detailed rate equation analysis.
Package Surface Blueprints: Visually Supporting the Understanding of Package Relationships (2007)

Large object-oriented applications are structured over large number of packages. Packages are important but complex structural entities that may be difficult to understand since they play different development roles (i.e., class containers, code ownership basic structure, architectural elements...). Maintainers of large applications face the problem of understanding how packages are structured in general and how they relate to each others. In this paper, we present a compact visualization, named Package Surface Blueprint, that qualifies the relationships that a package has with its neighbours. A Package Surface Blueprint represents packages around the notion of package surfaces: groups of relationships according to the packages they refer to. We present two specific views one stressing the references made by a package and another showing the inheritance structure of a package. We applied the visualization on two large case studies: ArgoUML and Squeak.
Lipopolysaccharide induces prostaglandin H synthase-2 protein and mRNA in human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. (1994)

We and others have previously demonstrated that human alveolar macrophages produce more PGE2 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than do blood monocytes. We hypothesized that this observation was due to a greater increase in prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) enzyme mass in the macrophage compared to the monocyte. To evaluate this hypothesis, alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes were obtained from healthy nonsmoking volunteers. The cells were cultured in the presence of 0 to 10 micrograms/ml LPS. LPS induced the synthesis of large amounts of a new 75-kD protein in human alveolar macrophages, and a lesser amount in monocytes. Synthesis of this protein required more than 6 h and peaked in 24 to 48 h; the protein reacted with an anti-PGHS-2 antibody prepared against mouse PGHS-2. Associated with synthesis of the protein was a marked increase in LPS-stimulated and arachidonic acid-stimulated synthesis of PGE2 by alveolar macrophages compared to monocytes. Cells not exposed to LPS contained only PGHS-1 and synthesized very little PGE2 during culture or in response to exogenous arachidonic acid. An LPS-induced mRNA, which hybridized to a human cDNA probe for PGHS-2 mRNA, was produced in parallel with production of this new protein and was produced in much greater amounts by alveolar macrophages compared to blood monocytes. This mRNA was not detectable in cells not exposed to LPS. In contrast, both types of cells contain mRNA, which hybridizes to a cDNA probe for PGHS-1. This mRNA did not increase in response to LPS. LPS also had no effect on PGHS-1 protein. These data demonstrate that PGE2 synthesis in human alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes correlates to the mass of PGHS-2 in the cell. We conclude that the greater ability of the macrophage to synthesize PGE2 in response to LPS is due to greater synthesis of PGHS-2 by the macrophage.
Human Vaccines and Vaccination (1995)

Communicable diseases: the problem and some solutions Etiological agents of communicable diseases requiring new or improved human vaccines Mechanisms of pathogenesis Innate and acquired immune responses Immune responses to infectious and parasitic dis
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALASE FROM PAPAYA (1978)

ABSTRACT A catalase (I.U.B.1.11.1.6) in papaya was extracted, purified and characterized. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.1 and was stable when refrigerated or frozen. The enzyme was inactivated by acidification to pH 3.5. Heat inactivation of papaya catalase was biphasic at 55°C and 60°C, and monophasic at 65°C. Kinetics of both phases were first order. The activation energies for the thermal inactivation of the two phases were 85.9 Kcal/mole and 97.0 Kcal/mole. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration was 160,000. The unsuitability of papaya catalase as a biochemical indicator for heat inactivation is discussed.