gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I–Associated Adult T-cell Leukemia–Lymphoma: New Directions in Clinical Research (2014)

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is a distinct malignancy of regulatory T cell (Treg)/TH2 cells caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), with a high frequency of expression of CD3/CD4/CD25/CCR4 and FoxP3 in about half of the cells. However, in primary ATL cells, although expression of the virus, including the Tax oncoprotein, appears just after an in vitro culture, integration sites of the provirus into the host genome are random, and chromosomal/genetic abnormalities are complex. ATL is thus a single disease entity that is caused by HTLV-1 and possesses diverse molecular features. The clinical features and prognosis of ATL vary, and this has led to subtypes classified into four categories: acute, lymphomatous, chronic, and smoldering types, based on lactate dehydrogenase and calcium values and organ involvement. Approximately 15 to 20 million individuals are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide, 1.1 million of whom reside in Japan, and the annual incidence of ATL has been estimated to be approximately 1,000. HTLV-1 infection early in life, mainly from breast feeding, is crucial for the development of ATL. The age-specific occurrence of ATL and complex genome abnormalities that accumulate with disease progression suggest a multistep carcinogenesis model following HTLV-1 infection. Various treatment options are available for ATL and consist of watchful waiting for indolent ATL, intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive ATL, and a combination of IFNα and zidovudine for ATL with leukemic manifestation. Several promising new agents, including an anti-CCR4 antibody, are currently undergoing clinical trials associated with translational research. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Paradigm Shifts in Lymphoma."
MEK inhibitors overcome resistance to BET inhibition across a number of solid and hematologic cancers (2018)

BET inhibitors exhibit broad activity in cancer models, making predictive biomarkers challenging to define. Here we investigate the biomarkers of activity of the clinical BET inhibitor GSK525762 (I-BET; I-BET762) across cancer cell lines and demonstrate that KRAS mutations are novel resistance biomarkers. This finding led us to combine BET with RAS pathway inhibition using MEK inhibitors to overcome resistance, which resulted in synergistic effects on growth and survival in RAS pathway mutant models as well as a subset of cell lines lacking RAS pathway mutations. GSK525762 treatment up-regulated p-ERK1/2 levels in both RAS pathway wild-type and mutant cell lines, suggesting that MEK/ERK pathway activation may also be a mechanism of adaptive BET inhibitor resistance. Importantly, gene expression studies demonstrated that the BET/MEK combination uniquely sustains down-regulation of genes associated with mitosis, leading to prolonged growth arrest that is not observed with either single agent therapy. These studies highlight a potential to enhance the clinical benefit of BET and MEK inhibitors and provide a strong rationale for clinical evaluation of BET/MEK combination therapies in cancer.
Improving the performance of magnesium alloys for automotive applications (2014)

Magnesium and its alloys are attractive to the automotive industry for their inherent light-weight which leads to highly fuel-efficient design. However, due to a low melting temperature (650C), magnesium has relatively poor elevated temperature mechanical properties, e.g., creep. This has, therefore, restricted its use in applications such as engine components. Magnesium is also a highly reactive metal and has inherently poor corrosion and wear resistance. Improved corrosion and wear performance can be obtained through alloying and microstructural engineering. However, for enhanced corrosion and tribological properties, the use of surface engineering techniques involving coatings is mandatory. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), also known as "Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO)", has been used to successfully produce oxide layers on magnesium alloys with excellent tribological and corrosion resistant properties. By controlling the PEO process parameters, uniform, relatively pore-free and well adhered coatings can be produced which can provide adequate corrosion protection. The coating requirements for good tribological properties are somewhat different than for good corrosion performance. However, good tribological performance combined with good corrosion performance can be obtained through control of the PEO processing parameters.
Practical Statecharts in C/C++ (2002)

Downright revolutionary... the title is a major understatement... 'Quantum Programming' may ultimately change the way embedded software is designed.' -- Michael Barr, Editor-in-Chief, Embedded Systems Programming magazine (Click here
Cased borehole effects on downhole seismic measurements (1993)

Interactions of seismic wave with an open borehole is well studied, especially in the low frequency limits (White, 1953 ; Schoenberg, 1986; Lovell and Hornby, 1990 ; Peng et al., 1992). Less understood is the distortion of incident wave by presence of radially layered casing and cement around a borehole. This paper is devoted to the cased borehole effect on downhole seismic experiment, which is an extension of our works reported last year at the Paris EAEG meeting.
Oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease: an emerging threat to patient outcome (2003)

It is important to consider oxidative stress as a potentially important source of patient morbidity and mortality, although this knowledge is not yet immediately applicable in the clinical arena. Further well-designed, randomized controlled clinical trials with anti-oxidants (e.g. vitamin E, vitamin C, N-acetyl cysteine, L-arginine) are required to establish evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
Non-invasive Monitoring of Ultrasound-Stimulated Microbubble Radiation Enhancement Using Photoacoustic Imaging (2013)

Modulation of the tumour microvasculature has been demonstrated to affect the effectiveness of radiation, stimulating the search for anti-angiogenic and vascular-disrupting treatment modalities. Microbubbles stimulated by ultrasound have recently been demonstrated as a radiation enhancer when used with different cancer models including PC3. Here, photoacoustics imaging technique was used to assess this treatment's effects on haemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation. Correlations between this modality and power doppler assessments of blood flow, and histology measurements of vascular integrity and cell death were also investigated. Xenograft prostate tumours in SCID mice were treated with 0, 2, or 8 Gy radiation combined with microbubbles exposed to 500 kHz ultrasound at a peak negative pressure of 0, 570, and 750 kPa. Tumours were assessed and levels of total haemoglobin, oxygen saturation were measured using photoacoustics before and 24 hours after treatment along with power doppler measured blood flow. Mice were then sacrificed and tumours were assessed for cell death and vascular composition using immunohistochemistry. Treatments using 8 Gy and microbubbles resulted in oxygen saturation decreasing by 28 ± 10% at 570 kPa and 25 ± 29% at 750 kPa, which corresponded to 44 ± 9% and 40 ± 14% respective decreases in blood flow as measured with power doppler. Corresponding histology indicated 31 ± 5% at 570 kPa and 37 ± 5% at 750 kPa in terms of cell death. There were drops in intact vasculature of 15 ± 2% and 20 ± 2%, for treatments at 570 kPa and 750 kPa. In summary, photoacoustic measures of total haemoglobin and oxygen saturation paralleled changes in power doppler indicators of blood flow. Destruction of tumour microvasculature with microbubble-enhanced radiation also led to decreases in blood flow and was associated with increases in cell death and decreases in intact vasculature as detected with CD31 labeling.
Learning grounded finite-state representations from unstructured demonstrations (2014)

Robots exhibit flexible behavior largely in proportion to their degree of knowledge about the world. Such knowledge is often meticulously hand-coded for a narrow class of tasks, limiting the scope of possible robot competencies. Thus, the primary limiting factor of robot capabilities is often not the physical attributes of the robot, but the limited time and skill of expert programmers. One way to deal with the vast number of situations and environments that robots face outside the laboratory is to provide users with simple methods for programming robots that do not require the skill of an expert. For this reason, learning from demonstration (LfD) has become a popular alternative to traditional robot programming methods, aiming to provide a natural mechanism for quickly teaching robots. By simply showing a robot how to perform a task, users can easily demonstrate new tasks as needed, without any special knowledge about the robot. Unfortunately, LfD often yields little knowledge about the world, and thus lacks robust generalization capabilities, especially for complex, multi-step tasks. We present a series of algorithms that draw from recent advances in Bayesian non-parametric statistics and control theory to automatically detect and leverage repeated structure at multiple levels of abstraction in demonstration data. The discovery of repeated structure provides critical insights into task invariants, features of importance, high-level task structure, and appropriate skills for the task. This culminates in the discovery of a finite-state representation of the task, composed of grounded skills that are flexible and reusable, providing robust generalization and transfer in complex, multi-step robotic tasks. These algorithms are tested and evaluated using a PR2 mobile manipulator, showing success on several complex real-world tasks, such as furniture assembly.
The loop electrode: A new device for US-guided interstitial tissue ablation using radiofrequency electrosurgery - an animal study (1996)

SummaryIn an animal study, we have tested a special loop electrode for ultrasound-guided percutaneous interstitial tissue ablation using monopolar radiofrequency (RF) electrosurgery. The loop electrode with a radius of 1 cm was inserted into calf livers via an insulated introducer cannula. Monopolar RF current in the cut mode was applied to the loop electrode which was rotated a full turn. During this, a lesion was cut off interstitially. In three sedated calves a total of seven liver lesions were made percutaneously or during laparotomy. The procedure was guided and monitored by ultrasono-graphy including colour Doppler imaging. Autopsy was performed on day 0 or day 8 post treatment and included gross sectional examination and microscopic evaluation (light microscopy and electron microscopy). In the first animal, the lesions were incomplete because of insufficient voltage setting. In the second and third animal, however, four spherical lesions with a diameter of 2 cm were cut off without clinical complications. A minor haematoma surrounded the four lesions. The cut off lesion was non-vital on electron microscopy. The presented tissue ablation technique is shown to be feasible and efficient in a live organism. More animal studies are warranted to evaluate the safety aspects with this technique.
Immunogenicity of Seven New Recombinant Yellow Fever Viruses 17D Expressing Fragments of SIVmac239 Gag, Nef, and Vif in Indian Rhesus Macaques (2013)

An effective vaccine remains the best solution to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cellular immune responses have been repeatedly associated with control of viral replication and thus may be an important element of the immune response that must be evoked by an efficacious vaccine. Recombinant viral vectors can induce potent T-cell responses. Although several viral vectors have been developed to deliver HIV genes, only a few have been advanced for clinical trials. The live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine virus 17D (YF17D) has many properties that make it an attractive vector for AIDS vaccine regimens. YF17D is well tolerated in humans and vaccination induces robust T-cell responses that persist for years. Additionally, methods to manipulate the YF17D genome have been established, enabling the generation of recombinant (r)YF17D vectors carrying genes from unrelated pathogens. Here, we report the generation of seven new rYF17D viruses expressing fragments of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac239 Gag, Nef, and Vif. Studies in Indian rhesus macaques demonstrated that these live-attenuated vectors replicated in vivo, but only elicited low levels of SIV-specific cellular responses. Boosting with recombinant Adenovirus type-5 (rAd5) vectors resulted in robust expansion of SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, particularly those targeting Vif. Priming with rYF17D also increased the frequency of CD4(+) cellular responses in rYF17D/rAd5-immunized macaques compared to animals that received rAd5 only. The effect of the rYF17D prime on the breadth of SIV-specific T-cell responses was limited and we also found evidence that some rYF17D vectors were more effective than others at priming SIV-specific T-cell responses. Together, our data suggest that YF17D - a clinically relevant vaccine vector - can be used to prime AIDS virus-specific T-cell responses in heterologous prime boost regimens. However, it will be important to optimize rYF17D-based vaccine regimens to ensure maximum delivery of all immunogens in a multivalent vaccine.
Impaired disengagement of attention in young children with autism (2004)

Our findings on disengagement in autism parallel those reported in normal 2-month-olds, in whom attention has been described as 'obligatory'. Discussion focuses on the potential role of general versus domain-specific processes in producing some of the core features of autism.
Mouse Models for Studying Depression-Like States and Antidepressant Drugs (2009)

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder, with diverse symptoms and high comorbidity with other brain dysfunctions. Due to this complexity, little is known about the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in depression pathogenesis. In a large proportion of patients, current antidepressant treatments are often ineffective and/or have undesirable side effects, fueling the search for more effective drugs. Animal models mimicking various symptoms of depression are indispensable in studying the biological mechanisms of this disease. Here, we summarize several popular methods for assessing depression-like symptoms in mice and their utility in screening antidepressant drugs.
Coupled finite-element wave number decomposition method for the modeling of piezoelectric transducers radiating in fluid-filled boreholes (1998)

A numerical model is proposed to describe in the frequency domain the radiation of a piezoelectric transducer in a fluid-filled borehole surrounded by a formation of infinite extent. Finite elements are used to model the transducer, the borehole fluid, and the fluid–formation interface. The unbounded character of the domain is accounted for by using a wave number decomposition on the borehole surface and dampers on the top and bottom surfaces of the borehole mesh. The method is validated by studying three configurations with analytical solutions: (i) normal stress acting on an empty borehole; (ii) normal stress acting on a fluid-filled borehole; and (iii) point source acting on the fluid-filled borehole axis. The radiation of a piezoelectric ring transducer in an oil-filled tube surrounded by water is also studied experimentally and numerically.
Keystroke Biometric Recognition on Long-Text Input: A Feasibility Study (2006)

Abstract — While most previous keystroke biometric studies dealt with short input like passwords, we focused on long-text input for applications such as identifying perpetrators of inappropriate e-mail or fraudulent Internet activity. A Java applet collected raw keystroke data over the Internet, appropriate long-text-input features were extracted, and a pattern classifier made identification decisions. Experiments focused on the system’s usability under ideal conditions: copy task, long-text input (600 characters), same keyboard for enrollment and testing, and subjects aware of the nature of the study and instructed to type naturally. Essentially 100% identification accuracy was achieved on 8 subjects typing the same text. This accuracy decreased in going to 30 subjects, on copying different testing texts, and on progressively reducing the length of the testing text. In summary, we found the keystroke biometric effective for identifying up to 30 users inputting text under the following conditions: sufficient training and testing text length, sufficient number of enrollment samples, and same keyboard type used for enrollment and testing. Index Terms—biometrics, security, keystroke
Role Expectation on Spouse of Married Women in Korea (1996)

This study sought to investigate the spousal role expectation of married childbearing women in the social milieu. The purpose of this study was to determine the spouse's role expectation which influences marital quality and marital satisfaction, thereby contributing to married women's psychological well-being and family health. Data collection was done in the prenatal care center of 212 early adult, married, middle class women living in the urban area by interview. Using content analysis, 701 answers were recoded by 12 categories of role expectation as family integration, health maintenance, father role taking, personal maturity, communication and respect, social confidence, division of domestic labor, relationship with extended family, recreation and hobby, social support for wife's self actualization, faith in sexual relationship, and security in economic status. The influence of the altered gender role in modern society, women's expectation is derived from somewhat masculinity and feminity in role expectation. The results are discussed in relation to prototype of gender role and relationships. These finding will assist nurse in the understanding and intervening the marital problem and women's health.
Design of Control Surfaces (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Configuration Selection of Control Surfaces Handling Qualities Aileron Design Elevator Design Rudder Design Aerodynamic Balance and Mass Balance Chapter Examples Problems References
Varying efficacy of artesunate+amodiaquine and artesunate+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a report of two in-vivo studies (2009)

The finding of varying efficacy of the same combinations at two sites in one country highlights one difficulty of implementing a uniform national treatment policy in a large country. The poor efficacy of AS+AQ in Boende should alert the national programme to foci of resistance and emphasizes the need for systems for the prospective monitoring of treatment efficacy at sentinel sites in the country.
Expand-Ahead: A Space-Filling Strategy for Browsing Trees (2005)

Many tree browsers allow subtrees under a node to be collapsed or expanded, enabling the user to control screen space usage and selectively drill-down. However, explicit expansion of nodes can be tedious. Expand-ahead is a space-filling strategy by which some nodes are automatically expanded to fill available screen space, without expanding so far that nodes are shown at a reduced size or outside the viewport. This often allows a user exploring the tree to see further down the tree without the effort required in a traditional browser. It also means the user can sometimes drill-down a path faster, by skipping over levels of the tree that are automatically expanded for them. Expand-ahead differs from many detail-in-context techniques in that there is no scaling or distortion involved. We present 1D and 2D prototype implementations of expand-ahead, and identify various design issues and possible enhancements to our designs. Our prototypes support smooth, animated transitions between different views of a tree. We also present the results of a controlled experiment which show that, under certain conditions, users are able to drill-down faster with expand-ahead than without.
Modifications to an H<sub>2</sub>S Tape Sampler for Increasing Sensitivity and Accuracy in H<sub>2</sub>S Sampling (1971)

The tape samplers using lead acetate impregnated paper tapes for continuous hydrogen sulfide sampling are subject to a number of errors which can throw considerable doubt on the accuracy of H2S concentrations being measured. Some of the errors have been minimized with a change in the humidification system and a reduction of the lamp intensity in the optical system.
Myocardial Delivery of Lipidoid Nanoparticle Carrying modRNA Induces Rapid and Transient Expression (2015)

Nanoparticle-based delivery of nucleotides offers an alternative to viral vectors for gene therapy. We report highly efficient in vivo delivery of modified mRNA (modRNA) to rat and pig myocardium using formulated lipidoid nanoparticles (FLNP). Direct myocardial injection of FLNP containing 1-10 μg eGFPmodRNA in the rat (n = 3 per group) showed dose-dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) mRNA levels in heart tissue 20 hours after injection, over 60-fold higher than for naked modRNA. Off-target expression, including lung, liver, and spleen, was <10% of that in heart. Expression kinetics after injecting 5 μg FLNP/eGFPmodRNA showed robust expression at 6 hours that reduced by half at 48 hours and was barely detectable at 2 weeks. Intracoronary administration of 10 μg FLNP/eGFPmodRNA also proved successful, although cardiac expression of eGFP mRNA at 20 hours was lower than direct injection, and off-target expression was correspondingly higher. Findings were confirmed in a pilot study in pigs using direct myocardial injection as well as percutaneous intracoronary delivery, in healthy and myocardial infarction models, achieving expression throughout the ventricular wall. Fluorescence microscopy revealed GFP-positive cardiomyocytes in treated hearts. This nanoparticle-enabled approach for highly efficient, rapid and short-term mRNA expression in the heart offers new opportunities to optimize gene therapies for enhancing cardiac function and regeneration.
Vascular tenascin‐C regulates cardiac endothelial phenotype and neovascularization (2006)

Microenvironmental cues mediate postnatal neovascularization via modulation of endothelial cell and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) activity. Numerous signals regulate the activity of both of these cell types in response to vascular injury, which suggests that parallel mechanisms regulate angiogenesis in the vascular beds of both the heart and bone marrow. To identify mediators of such shared pathways, in vivo bone marrow/cardiac phage display biopanning was performed and led to the identification of tenascin-C as a candidate protein. Functionally, tenascin-C inhibits cardiac endothelial cell spreading and enhances migration in response to angiogenic growth factors. Analysis of human coronary thrombi revealed tenascin-C protein expression colocalized with the endothelial cell/EPC marker Tie-2 in intrathrombi vascular channels. Immunostains in the rodent heart demonstrated that tenascin-C also colocalizes with EPCs homing to sites of cardiac angiogenic induction. To determine the importance of tenascin-C in cardiac neovascularization, we used an established cardiac transplantation model and showed that unlike wild-type mice, tenascin-C-/- mice fail to vascularize cardiac allografts. This demonstrates for the first time that tenascin-C is essential for postnatal cardiac angiogenic function. Together, our data highlight the role of tenascin-C as a microenvironmental regulator of cardiac endothelial/EPC activity.