gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A router-based management system for prediction of network congestion (2014)

Network Management System (NMS) plays an important role in networks to maintain the best performance of a network. It employs variety of tools, applications, and devices in order to support network administrators to monitor and maintain the stability of a network. Fault management is part where the NMS dealing with problems and failures, such as congestion, in the network. Generally, most NMSs use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to monitor and map network availability, performance, and error rates. In the existing NMS process, an SNMP agent is deployed to get information about the network condition and then send them to the administrator for taking further action on solving the problems. However, deploying such agent to the network may increase the traffic density. On the other hand, packet latency and RTT will increase as well. In this paper, we implemented a prototype of the proposing novel system that no need to deploy such agent to obtain network information. Our system analyze the streaming traffic by implementing a Service-oriented Router (SoR). Our objective is to predict a congestion in the specific link in the network through a router-based data traffic analysis using a Bayesian network model. The purpose of the prediction is to support the network administrator to notify the early warning regarding to the fault in the network as long as possible before it actually happening. By this prediction, the network administrator can immediately taking action to avoid the problems.We provided simulation experiment to demonstrate the performance of the proposed system. Our simulation results show that the proposed system can predict a congestion link caused by a particular problem, before hand it is getting congested.
Intranasal treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. Comparison of azelastine nasal spray and budesonide nasal aerosol. (1993)

The efficacy and tolerability of azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8) nasal spray (0.14 mg/nostril b.i.d.) and budesonide (CAS 51333-22-3) nasal aerosol (0.05 mg/nostril b.i.d.) were compared in a 6-week, multicentre, parallel group study of 193 patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis. Total rhinitis symptoms complex (TSC) scores derived from 10 rhinitis symptoms improved during treatment by a mean of 11.4 +/- 6.8 with azelastine and 10.8 +/- 6.4 with budesonide. Response rates, defined as a decrease in TSC of at least 50% at the end of therapy, was 79% with azelastine and 73% with budesonide. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to either target variable. Objective measurements of nasal flow rate showed a return to normal values during the 6-week therapy. Signs of rhinitis identified by rhinoscopic examination improved in parallel to symptoms. Both medications were well tolerated. The incidence of adverse events of possibly causal relationship to therapy was low. The most frequent event in azelastine treated patients was the experience of an "unpleasant" taste or smell. Occasional epistaxis occurred in both treatment groups but more frequently with budesonide. Results indicate that with the dose used azelastine nasal spray is an effective treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis comparable to that of budesonide nasal aerosol.
A transparent InGaAsP&#8212;InP luminescent diode for optical wavelength multiplex operation of fiber systems (1983)

A transparent InGaAsP LED, which can be inserted into a fiber link for optical wavelength multiplex operation is presented. Structural aspects, as well as design criteria, which determine the device performance with respect to coupling efficiency, thermal properties, emission, and modulation behavior are discussed. It is shown that an optimized transparent InGaAsP LED structure, emitting at 1.3 µm, allows for a relatively high transmission efficiency of 80 percent, in coupling light signals above 1.3-µm wavelength, through this device.
Perfluoro-N,N-diethylcyclohexylamine: purification and characterization for use as possible candidate in blood substitutes formulation (1988)

N,N-diethylcyclohexylamine gives a globally favourable performance thanks to the effectiveness of the purification treatment, good stability, acceptable vapor pressure and oxygen dissolving capacity of microemulsions.
On the origin of the elusive first intermediate of CO <sub>2</sub> electroreduction (2018)

We resolve the long-standing controversy about the first step of the CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction to fuels in aqueous electrolytes by providing direct spectroscopic evidence that the first intermediate of the CO<sub>2</sub> conversion to formate on copper is a carboxylate anion *CO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> coordinated to the surface through one of its C-O bonds. We identify this intermediate and gain insight into its formation, its chemical and electronic properties, as well as its dependence on the electrode potential by taking advantage of a cutting-edge methodology that includes operando surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) empowered by isotope exchange and electrochemical Stark effects, reaction kinetics (Tafel) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The SERS spectra are measured on an operating Cu surface. These results advance the mechanistic understanding of CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction and its selectivity to carbon monoxide and formate.
The Unified Medical Language System (1993)

In 1986, the National Library of Medicine began a long-term research and development project to build the Unified Medical Language System® (UMLS®). The purpose of the UMLS is to improve the ability of computer programs to "understand" the biomedical meaning in user inquiries and to use this understanding to retrieve and integrate relevant machine-readable information for users. Underlying the UMLS effort is the assumption that timely access to accurate and up-to-date information will improve decision making and ultimately the quality of patient care and research. The development of the UMLS is a distributed national experiment with a strong element of international collaboration. The general strategy is to develop UMLS components through a series of successive approximations of the capabilities ultimately desired. Three experimental Knowledge Sources, the Metathesaurus®, the Semantic Network, and the Information Sources Map have been developed and are distributed annually to interested researchers, many of whom have tested and evaluated them in a range of applications. The UMLS project and current developments in high-speed, high-capacity international networks are converging in ways that have great potential for enhancing access to biomedical information.
The Theory of Probability (1922)

Abstract Jeffreys' Theory of Probability, first published in 1939, was the first attempt to develop a fundamental theory of scientific inference based on Bayesian statistics. His ideas were well ahead of their time and it is only in the past ten years that the subject of Bayes' factors has been significantly developed and extended. Recent work has made Bayesian statistics an essential subject for graduate students and researchers. This seminal book is their starting point.
Initiation of Xenopus Oocyte Maturation by Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade (1995)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MAPKK) are activated during Xenopus oocyte maturation concomitant with the activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF). We reported previously that an anti-MAPKK neutralizing antibody inhibited progesterone- or Mos- induced initiation of oocyte maturation. Here, we show that the injection of CL100 (also called MAPK phosphatase-1) into immature oocytes inhibited progesterone-induced oocyte maturation as well as MAPK activation and that injection of mRNA encoding a constitutively active MAPKK induced activation of histone H1 kinase and germinal vesicle breakdown in the absence of progesterone. Injection of recombinant STE11 protein (a yeast MAPKK kinase) also induced initiation of oocyte maturation. These data support the idea that the MAPKK/MAPK cascade plays an important role in oocyte maturation. Interestingly, injection of the active MAPKK mRNA or the STE11 protein resulted in induction and accumulation of Mos protein. Furthermore, in the presence of cycloheximide, the STE11-induced activation of MPF as well as the induction and accumulation of Mos was blocked, and the activation of MAPK was greatly reduced. The increase in Mos protein and the activation of MAPK by injecting cyclin A protein into immature oocytes were both blocked also by cycloheximide treatment. These results are consistent with an idea that there may exist a positive feedback loop consisting of Mos, the MAPKK/MAPK cascade, and MPF, which may be important for the initiation of oocyte maturation induced by progesterone.
Repair of Calvarial Defects with Customized Tissue-Engineered Bone Grafts I. Evaluation of Osteogenesis in a Three-Dimensional Culture System (2003)

Bone generation by autogenous cell transplantation in combination with a biodegradable scaffold is one of the most promising techniques being developed in craniofacial surgery. The objective of this combined in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate the morphology and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells and calvarial osteoblasts in a two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) culture environment (Part I of this study) and their potential in combination with a biodegradable scaffold to reconstruct critical-size calvarial defects in an autologous animal model [Part II of this study; see Schantz, J.T., et al. Tissue Eng. 2003;9(Suppl. 1):S-127-S-139; this issue]. New Zealand White rabbits were used to isolate osteoblasts from calvarial bone chips and bone marrow stromal cells from iliac crest bone marrow aspirates. Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated in a 2-D culture setting. After amplification, the cells were seeded within a fibrin matrix into a 3-D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold system. The constructs were cultured for up to 3 weeks in vitro and assayed for cell attachment and proliferation using phase-contrast light, confocal laser, and scanning electron microscopy and the MTS cell metabolic assay. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by determining the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin. The bone marrow-derived progenitor cells demonstrated the potential to be induced to the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic pathways. In a 3-D environment, cell-seeded PCL scaffolds evaluated by confocal laser microscopy revealed continuous cell proliferation and homogeneous cell distribution within the PCL scaffolds. On osteogenic induction mesenchymal progenitor cells (12 U/L) produce significantly higher (p < 0.05) ALP activity than do osteoblasts (2 U/L); however, no significant differences were found in osteocalcin expression. In conclusion, this study showed that the combination of a mechanically stable synthetic framework (PCL scaffolds) and a biomimetic hydrogel (fibrin glue) provides a potential matrix for bone tissue-engineering applications. Comparison of osteogenic differentiation between the two mesenchymal cell sources revealed a similar pattern.
Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase α restores restimulation-induced cell death and reduces immunopathology in XLP-1 (2016)

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP-1) is an often-fatal primary immunodeficiency associated with the exuberant expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. XLP-1 is caused by defects in signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP), an adaptor protein that modulates T cell receptor (TCR)-induced signaling. SAP-deficient T cells exhibit impaired TCR restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) and diminished TCR-induced inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα), leading to increased diacylglycerol metabolism and decreased signaling through Ras and PKCθ (protein kinase Cθ). We show that down-regulation of DGKα activity in SAP-deficient T cells restores diacylglycerol signaling at the immune synapse and rescues RICD via induction of the proapoptotic proteins NUR77 and NOR1. Pharmacological inhibition of DGKα prevents the excessive CD8(+) T cell expansion and interferon-γ production that occur in SAP-deficient mice after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection without impairing lytic activity. Collectively, these data highlight DGKα as a viable therapeutic target to reverse the life-threatening EBV-associated immunopathology that occurs in XLP-1 patients.
SOLUCIONES CREATIVAS EN LA WEB. El crowdsourcing como opción para los freelancers locales (2014)

The evolution of the World Wide Web has enabled the appearance of different types of enterprises that, through web applications, use interactive and communication facilities of the so-called Web 2.0. Among them have emerged some that implement a new model of work called crowdsourcing which is useful when solving different types of problems making use of the power of the masses. In the creative field, sectors such as advertising have taken advantage of this model, generating connections between clients (individuals or companies) and freelance creative communities worldwide. The main objective of this exploratory research is to demonstrate the contributions that the crowdsourcing working model may eventually provide local freelancers, in relation to creative processes. Regarding the methodology to know the virtual space in which the World Wide Web converges, it was fundamental to proceed with the analysis of the concept of crowdsourcing and relevant aspects, as its main uses. Based on information gathered through interviews with experts and potential solutions using crowdsourcing applied to creativity. The importance of this research lies in the understanding of the main contributions that this model of work can offer creative and independent designers (freelance) for the possibility of finding a source of substantial information and a guide that will allow the understanding of new methods to generate incomes, being the main public of this type of emerging companies.
Grating Lobe Suppression for Distributed Digital Subarrays Using Virtual Filling (2013)

A receiving array processing method is presented that synthesizes the antenna response of a contiguous array from the outputs of physically separated arrays of subarrays. It involves filling the gaps between the subarrays with “virtual” elements, thus forming a contiguous array. Therefore, the synthesized pattern has no grating lobes, and amplitude tapering for sidelobe control can be applied. The contiguous array's response can be duplicated in a number of directions limited by the total number of elements. The directions of interest would normally be those of the desired signals (main beam) and interference or clutter (low sidelobes). The directions of arrival of the signals of interest must first be determined before synthesizing the contiguous array response. The modified matrix pencil method has been extended to handle the problem of multiple subarrays for both single and multiple snapshots. The performance of the synthesis method is examined as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per element and various array parameters .
New settings-free fault location algorithm based on synchronised sampling (2011)

This study presents a new numerical algorithm for fault location on transmission lines. It does not require line parameters, it is settings-free, which is a radical step forward compared to the existing approaches that require this information. Line parameters are only approximately constant, they differ as the loading and weather conditions vary; this affects the accuracy of the existing fault location algorithms. Thus, an approach that does not require line parameters would be more robust, accurate, flexible and cost-effective than those approaches that do require line parameter information to determine the location of the fault. This is essential for the fast and secure elimination of faults on transmission lines; consequently, the solution leads to a significant improvement in the quality of the energy supply. The new algorithm is based on the emerging synchronised measurement technology, using synchronised data sampling at both line terminals. The study presents the algorithm derivation and the results of thorough testing using the ATP-EMTP simulations.
Potential long-acting anticonvulsants. 1. Synthesis and activity of succinimides containing an alkylating group at the 2 position (1977)

The synthesis of succinimide derivatives in which alkylating groups have been attached to the 2 positions of the ring or to the para position of the 2-phenyl substituent is described. The alkylating groups used were (a) alpha-haloacetyl, (b) alpha-haloacetamido, (c) maleimido, and (d) maleamyl. These compounds were prepared as potential long-acting anticonvulsants. Several of these derivatives exhibited activity against metrazole-induced seizures comparable to phensuximde, The maleimide 16 and the bromoacetamido derivative 23 exhibited a duration of action of at least 3.5 h.
Rank-One Projections With Adaptive Margins for Face Recognition (2007)

In supervised dimensionality reduction, tensor representations of images have recently been employed to enhance classification of high dimensional data with small training sets. Previous approaches for handling tensor data have been formulated with tight restrictions on projection directions that, along with convergence issues and the assumption of Gaussian-distributed class data, limit its face-recognition performance. To overcome these problems, we propose a method of rank-one projections with adaptive margins (RPAM) that gives a provably convergent solution for tensor data over a more general class of projections, while accounting for margins between samples of different classes. In contrast to previous margin-based works which determine margin sample pairs within the original high dimensional feature space, RPAM aims instead to maximize the margins defined in the expected lower dimensional feature sub-space by progressive margin refinement after each rank-one projection. In addition to handling tensor data, vector-based variants of RPAM are presented for linear mappings and for nonlinear mappings using kernel tricks. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that RPAM brings significant improvement in face recognition over previous subspace learning techniques.
Linguistic aspects of speech synthesis (1994)

The conversion of text to speech is seen as an analysis of the input text to obtain a common underlying linguistic description, followed by a synthesis of the output speech waveform from this fundamental specification. Hence, the comprehensive linguistic structure serving as the substrate for an utterance must be discovered by analysis from the text. The pronunciation of individual words in unrestricted text is determined by morphological analysis or letter-to-sound conversion, followed by specification of the word-level stress contour. In addition, many text character strings, such as titles, numbers, and acronyms, are abbreviations for normal words, which must be derived. To further refine these pronunciations and to discover the prosodic structure of the utterance, word part of speech must be computed, followed by a phrase-level parsing. From this structure the prosodic structure of the utterance can be determined, which is needed in order to specify the durational framework and fundamental frequency contour of the utterance. In discourse contexts, several factors such as the specification of new and old information, contrast, and pronominal reference can be used to further modify the prosodic specification. When the prosodic correlates have been computed and the segmental sequence is assembled, a complete input suitable for speech synthesis has been determined. Lastly, multilingual systems utilizing rule frameworks are mentioned, and future directions are characterized.
Sensitivity, selectivity and stability of tin oxide nanostructures on large area arrays of microhotplates (2005)

In this paper, the sensitivity, stability and selectivity of nanoparticle engineered tin oxide (SnO2) are reported, for microhotplate chemical sensing applications. 16 Å of metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, copper and silver were selectively evaporated onto each column of the microhotplate array. Following evaporation, the microhotplates were heated to 500 °C and SnO2 was deposited on top of the microhotplates using a self-aligned chemical vapour deposition process. Scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed control of SnO2 nanostructures in the range of 20–121 nm. Gas sensing in seven different hydrocarbons revealed that metal nanoparticles that helped in producing faster nucleation of SnO2 resulted in smaller grain size and higher sensitivity. Sensitivity as a function of concentration and grain size is addressed for tin oxide nanostructures. Smaller grain sizes resulted in higher sensitivity of tin oxide nanostructures. Temperature programmed sensing of the devices yielded shape differences in the response between air and methanol, illustrating selectivity. Spiderweb plots were used to monitor the materials programmed selectivity. The shape differences between different gases in spiderweb plots illustrate materials selectivity as a powerful mapping approach for monitoring selectivity in various gases. Continuous monitoring in 80 ppm methanol yielded stable sensor response for more than 200 h. This comprehensive study illustrates the use of a nanoparticle engineering approach for sensitive, selective and stable gas sensing applications.
Stimulatory effect of CpG sequences on humoral response in chickens (2002)

Oligonucleotides containing the dinucleotide CpG have an immunostimulatory effect in mammals. The CpG motif is interpreted as a signal of prokaryote invasion by the innate immune system and consequently activates defense mechanisms. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the immunostimulatory actions of CpG oligonucleotides take place in birds as well. To this end, birds were immunized with BSA and the serum antibody response was followed. A significantly higher BSA-specific response was observed in the CpG-treated group. Moreover, immunostimulatory DNA resulted in more persistent responses to immunization. After only one immunization, titers as high as in booster responses were observed in the CpG-treated birds. The effects were shown to depend on the presence of an unmethylated CpG core sequence in the DNA, because the reversal of CpG to GpC even caused a decrease in antibody response. These findings demonstrate that CpG oligonucleotides could be a valuable adjuvant for poultry vaccines.
My Second Bike: A TV-Enabled Social and Interactive Riding Experience (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel concept for a social TV application targeting the demographic of viewers enjoying live sports events, such as road bicycle racing. We intend to enhance the viewing experiences of spectators with sensor-fitted bikes tied to an interactive biking environment on television. The system enables a new form of personalized, physical, and virtual-reality interaction between viewers and a TV program, as well as interactions within or between communities of friends. We also describe a prototype we have implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of our idea. The prototype, my second bike, uses a 3D mirrored world environment (Google Earth) to visually represent participating spectators, competing athletes and outdoor bikers. We contend that the system has the potential to attract and support a large user base on account of its scalability, ease of deployment and ability to promote audience participation in live sports events on TV.