gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the design of RF spiral inductors on silicon (2003)

This review of design principles for implementation of a spiral inductor in a silicon integrated circuit fabrication process summarizes prior art in this field. In addition, a fast and physics-based inductor model is exploited to put the results contributed by many different groups in various technologies and achieved over the past eight years into perspective. Inductors are compared not only by their maximum quality factors (Q/sub max/), but also by taking the frequency at Q/sub max/, the inductance value (L), the self-resonance frequency (f/sub SR/), and the coil area into account. It is further explained that the spiral coil structure on a lossy silicon substrate can operate in three different modes, depending at first order on the silicon doping concentration. Ranging from high to low substrate resistivity, inductor-mode, resonator-mode, and eddy-current regimes are defined by characteristic changes of Q/sub max/, L, and f/sub SR/. The advantages and disadvantages of patterned or blanket resistive ground shields between the inductor coil and substrate and the effect of a substrate contact on the inductor are also addressed in this paper. Exploring optimum inductor designs under various constraints leverages the speed of the model. Finally, in view of the continuously increasing operating frequencies in advancing to new generations of RF systems, the range of feasible inductance values for given quality factors are predicted on the basis of optimum technological features.
1,3-Oxazines and related compounds. XIII. Reaction of acyl Meldrum's acids with Schiff bases giving 2,3-disubstituted 5-acyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-oxazine-4,6-diones and 2,3,6-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-4-ones. (1987)

The reactions of Schiff bases (2) with various acyl Meldrum's acids (1) were investigated. Refluxing of 1 and 2 in benzene caused an exchange reaction of the acetone moiety of 1 with the Schiff base moiety through the intermediate acylketenes 11 formed in situ from 1 to give 2, 3-disubstituted 5-acy1-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2H-1, 3-oxazine-4, 6-diones (3). The oxazindiones 3 underwent thermal conversion to afford 2, 3, 6-trisubstituted 2, 3-dihydro-1, 3-oxazin-4-ones (4) in good yield. The intermediates 11 were found to be formed by thermal cleavage of both 1 and 3.
Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analyses (PLSA) in Bibliometric Analysis for Technology Forecasting (2007)

Due to the availability of internet-based abstract services and patent databases, bibliometric analysis has become one of key technology forecasting approaches. Recently, latent semantic analysis (LSA) has been applied to improve the accuracy in document clustering. In this paper, a new LSA method, probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) which uses probabilistic methods and algebra to search latent space in the corpus is further applied in document clustering. The results show that PLSA is more accurate than LSA and the improved iteration method proposed by authors can simplify the computing process and improve the computing efficiency. Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analyses (PLSA) in Bibliometric Analysis for Technology Forecasting
Comparative analysis of the widespread and conserved PB1‐like viruses infecting <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2009)

We examined the genetic diversity of lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage PB1 and four closely related phages (LBL3, LMA2, 14-1 and SN) isolated throughout Europe. They all encapsulate linear, non-permuted genomes between 64 427 and 66 530 bp within a solid, acid-resistant isometric capsid (diameter: 74 nm) and carry non-flexible, contractile tails of approximately 140 nm. The genomes are organized into at least seven transcriptional blocks, alternating on both strands, and encode between 88 (LBL3) and 95 (LMA2) proteins. Their virion particles are composed of at least 22 different proteins, which were identified using mass spectrometry. Post-translational modifications were suggested for two proteins, and a frameshift hotspot was identified within ORF42, encoding a structural protein. Despite large temporal and spatial separations between phage isolations, very high sequence similarity and limited horizontal gene transfer were found between the individual viruses. These PB1-like viruses constitute a new genus of environmentally very widespread phages within the Myoviridae.
Understanding the Nature of Ultrafast Polarization Dynamics of Ferroelectric Memory in the Multiferroic BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (2009)

The crystallographic anisotropy in electromagnetic terahertz radiation from multiferroic BiFeO3 (100), (110), and (111) films suggests the ultrafast depolarization of ferroelectric order as a new mechanism of terahertz emission. This implies that the spontaneous polarization in ferroelectric materials can be manipulated in time scale of picoseconds, thus paving the way to ultrafast data-storage devices based on nonvolatile ferroelectric memories.
Dynamic hardware plugins (DHP): exploiting reconfigurable hardware for high-performance programmable routers (2002)

This paper presents the dynamic hardware plugins (DHP) architecture for implementing multiple networking applications in hardware at programmable routers. By enabling multiple applications to be dynamically loaded into a single hardware device, the DHP architecture provides a scalable mechanism for implementing high-performance programmable routers. The DHP architecture is presented within the context of a programmable router architecture which processes flows in both software and hardware. Possible implementations are described as well as the prototype testbed at Washington University in Saint Louis.
The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Fused Quartz as a Function of Temperature (1928)

Thermal conductivity of fused quartz.---The thermal conductivity as a function of the temperature has been determined for clear fused quartz by the radial flow method from 235\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1225\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The specimen was in the form of a hollow cylinder closed hemispherically at one end. Energy to maintain a steady temperature gradient was supplied by means of an electrically heated filament mounted axially inside the specimen. Thermal contact with the specimen was made with mercury inside and outside at the lower temperatures and with the tin-lead eutectic at the higher temperatures. Inside and outside temperatures were obtained with thermocouples. A guard ring scheme was used to prevent heat loss or gain at the open end of the cylinder and correction was made for the heat flow through the hemispherical end cap. The results may be represented by the linear equation: $K=3.83\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}T+0.00163$. An abrupt change in the thermal conductivity was noted in the vicinity of 1140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K which is attributed to heat treatment i.e. annealing or partial crystallization.Electrical conductivity of fused quartz.---An attempt was made to measure the specific electrical resistance as a function of the temperature by the same method at the same time. The results were not conclusive because of the small number of data taken but there is every reason to believe that the method would be entirely successful for the determination of both quantities. The specific resistance was measured for a small piece of the original specimen. C. C. Bidwell's modification of K\"onigsberger's formula was verified i.e. $\ensuremath{\rho}=A\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\frac{Q}{\mathrm{RT}}+a\mathrm{T})$ $\ensuremath{\rho}=\mathrm{A}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{(\frac{Q}{\mathrm{Rt}}+aT)}$. The results indicate the presence of both electrolytic and delectiric polarization. Certain peculiarities in the polarization were noted at about 1140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K as well as a general change in the resistance-temperature curve due to heat treatment. The interpolated results are as follows:
Poly(L-Lactide)-Degrading Enzyme Production by Actinomadura keratinilytica T16-1 in 3 L Airlift Bioreactor and Its Degradation Ability for Biological Recycle (2012)

The optimal physical factors affecting enzyme production in an airlift fermenter have not been studied so far. Therefore, the physical parameters such as aeration rate, pH, and temperature affecting PLA-degrading enzyme production by Actinomadura keratinilytica strain T16-1 in a 3 l airlift fermenter were investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize PLA-degrading enzyme production by implementing the central composite design. The optimal conditions for higher production of PLA-degrading enzyme were aeration rate of 0.43 vvm, pH of 6.85, and temperature at 46° C. Under these conditions, the model predicted a PLA-degrading activity of 254 U/ml. Verification of the optimization showed that PLA-degrading enzyme production of 257 U/ml was observed after 3 days cultivation under the optimal conditions in a 3 l airlift fermenter. The production under the optimized condition in the airlift fermenter was higher than un-optimized condition by 1.7 folds and 12 folds with un-optimized medium or condition in shake flasks. This is the first report on the optimization of environmental conditions for improvement of PLA-degrading enzyme production in a 3 l airlift fermenter by using a statistical analysis method. Moreover, the crude PLA-degrading enzyme could be adsorbed to the substrate and degraded PLA powder to produce lactic acid as degradation products. Therefore, this incident indicates that PLA-degrading enzyme produced by Actinomadura keratinilytica NBRC 104111 strain T16-1 has a potential to degrade PLA to lactic acid as a monomer and can be used for the recycle of PLA polymer.
Recognition of human faces: from biological to artificial vision (2007)

Abstract. Face recognition is among the most challenging techniques for personal identity verification. Even though it is so natural for humans, there are still many hidden mechanisms which are still to be discovered. According to the most recent neurophysiological studies, the use of dynamic information is extremely important for humans in visual perception of biological forms and motion. Moreover, motion processing is also involved in the selection of the most informative areas of the face and consequently directing the attention. This paper provides an overview and some new insights on the use of dynamic visual information for face recognition, both for exploiting the temporal information and to define the most relevant areas to be analyzed on the face. In this context, both physical and behavioral features emerge in the face representation. 1
Alkali-silica reaction in concrete (1988)

History, the reaction, cracking and pessimum behaviour effect of mix proportion and constituents upon expansion effect of applied stress upon the mechanical properties structural effects and implications and repair diagnosis GGBS, PFA and silica fume testing aggregates and cement aggregate combinations for their reactivity minimizing the risk of expansion in new construction.
Trade-off's in the computation of mono- and multi-dimensional DCT's (2003)

An overview of some alternative algorithms for one- and two-dimensional DCTs (discrete cosine transforms) is given. Operation counts are derived for typical examples useful in image processing. It is shown that it is possible to generalize the 2-D schemes to 3-D DCTs as well. The result is that a 3-D DCT can be obtained from a 3-D DFT (discrete Fourier transform) of the same size on reals at the cost of permutations and O(3/2N/sup 3/) multiplications. The scheme involves rotations on eight output points at a time. Improvements through scaling are discussed, and implementation issues (both in hardware and software) are addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A survey of faculty use of a reserve collection for class readings (1996)

The automation of the reserve system at Southeast Missouri State University prompted a call for determining usage patterns of the reserve collection and services by the faculty. Reports the findings of the survey used to collect this information. Examples of questions are: whether the faculty knew the reserve system had been automated; whether the computerized list of a faculty’s reserve material was beneficial; and which semester the faculty used reserves the most? Presents raw data, along with comments about answers to several of the questions, conclusions that can be drawn from the survey, and a recommendation.
Real-Time Identification of Optimal Operating Points in Photovoltaic Power Systems (2006)

Photovoltaic power systems are usually integrated with some specific control algorithms to deliver the maximum possible power. Several maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods that force the operating point to oscillate have been presented in the past few decades. In the MPPT system, the ideal operation is to determine the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic (PV) array directly rather than to track it by using the active operation of trial and error, which causes undesirable oscillation around the MPP. Since the output features of a PV cell vary with environment changes in irradiance and temperature from time to time, real-time operation is required to trace the variations of local MPPs in PV power systems. The method of real-time estimation proposed in this paper uses polynomials to demonstrate the power-voltage relationship of PV panels and implements the recursive least-squares method and Newton-Raphson method to identify the voltage of the optimal operating point. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is successfully demonstrated by computer simulations and experimental evaluations of two major types of PV panels, namely: 1) crystalline silicon and 2) copper-indium-diselenide thin film
Concentration-dependent patterning of the <i>Xenopus</i> ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1 (1997)

Morphogens are thought to establish pattern in early embryos by specifying several cell fates along a gradient of concentration; a well-studied example is the Drosophila protein decapentaplegic (DPP) acting in the wing disc. Recent work has established that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), the vertebrate homologue of DPP, controls the fundamental choice between neural and epidermal fates in the vertebrate ectoderm, under the control of antagonists secreted by the organizer region of the mesoderm. We now show that BMP4 can act as a morphogen, evoking distinct responses in Xenopus ectodermal cells at high and low concentrations, in a pattern consistent with the positions of the corresponding cell types in the embryo. Moreover, this complex cellular response to extracellular BMP4 concentration does not require subsequent cell-cell communication and is thus direct, as required of a classical morphogen. We also show that the same series of cell types--epidermis, cement gland and neural tissue--can be produced by progressively inhibiting endogenous BMP signaling with specific antagonists, including the organizer factor noggin. Finally, expression of increasing doses of the signal transduction molecule Smad1 accurately reproduces the response to BMP4 protein. Since Smads have been shown to act in the nucleus, this finding implies a direct translation of extracellular morphogen concentration into transcription factor activity. We propose that a graded distribution of BMP activity controls the specification of several cell types in the gastrula ectoderm and that this extracellular gradient acts by establishing an intracellular and then nuclear gradient of Smad activity.
Analyzing Nonlinear Scatchard Plots (1984)

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125-GHz Diode Frequency Doubler in 0.13-$\mu{\hbox {m}}$ CMOS (2009)

The first mm-wave Schottky diode frequency doubler fabricated in CMOS is demonstrated. The doubler built in 130-nm CMOS uses a balanced topology with two shunt Schottky barrier diodes, and exhibits ~ 10-dB conversion loss as well as -1.5-dBm output power at 125 GHz. The input matching is better than -10 dB from 61 to 66 GHz. The rejection of fundamental signal at output is greater than 12 dB for input frequency from 61 to 66 GHz. The doubler can generate signals up to 140 GHz.
Synthetic Study of Marine Macrolide Swinholide A. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the C11-C32 Segment. (1994)

The C24-C32 segment 4 of swinholide A (1) was stereoselectively synthesized starting from (S)-methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, and the convergent synthesis of the C11-C32 segment 5 was accomplished via stereoselective aldol condensation of 3 and 4
Endowing a Ferritin‐Like Cage Protein with High Affinity and Selectivity for Certain Inorganic Materials (2005)

Caged nanoparticles: Apoferritin and Fe-filled ferritin were constructed from the modified gene for the L chain of horse ferritin so that target-specific peptide aptamer sequences against carbon nanohorns or Ti were appended at their N-terminal ends. The TEM image shows a specimen from single-wall carbon nanohorns incubated with Fe-filled ferritin-like protein. These cage proteins could be used to assemble a wide variety of inorganic nanocomposite materials.
Synthesis of (−)-Fumagillin (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of (−)-FumagillinDouglass F. Taber, Thomas E. Christos, , and View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 23, 5589–5590Publication Date (Web):May 29, 1999Publication History Received11 March 1999Published online29 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990784khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990784krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2170Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conjugate acid-base pairs,Enones,Ethers,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Object-oriented application frameworks (1997)

Object-oriented application frameworks are a promising technology for reifying proven software designs and implementations in order to reduce the cost and improve the quality of software. A framework is a reusable, "semi-complete'' application that can be specialized to produce custom applications In contrast to earlier OO reuse techniques based on class libraries, frameworks are targeted for particular business units (such as data processing or cellular communications) and application domains (such as user interfaces or real-time avionics) Frameworks like MacApp, ET++, Interviews, ACE, Microsoft's MFC and DCOM, JavaSoft's RMI, and implementations of OMG's CORBA play an increasingly important role in contemporary software development.
Television Transmission of Holograms Using a Narrow-Band Video Signal (1970)

It has been experimentally verified that holograms can be transmitted via television using the synthesized carrier-frequency method. A vidicon camera system was used to transmit three on-axis holograms to the receiver where the video signal was used to amplitude modulate a 15 MHz carrier. This modulated carrier was applied to the control grid of a cathode-ray tube, and the synthesized carrier-frequency hologram was then photographed from the tube screen. Several of the experimental problem areas, such as mechanical stability, camera tube storage effects, and display-recording process optimization, are considered in detail.
Amine Landscaping to Maximize Protein-Dye Fluorescence and Ultrastable Protein-Ligand Interaction (2017)

Chemical modification of proteins provides great opportunities to control and visualize living systems. The most common way to modify proteins is reaction of their abundant amines with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters. Here we explore the impact of amine number and positioning on protein-conjugate behavior using streptavidin-biotin, a central research tool. Dye-NHS modification of streptavidin severely damaged ligand binding, necessitating development of a new streptavidin-retaining ultrastable binding after labeling. Exploring the ideal level of dye modification, we engineered a panel bearing 1-6 amines per subunit: "amine landscaping." Surprisingly, brightness increased as amine number decreased, revealing extensive quenching following conventional labeling. We ultimately selected Flavidin (fluorophore-friendly streptavidin), combining ultrastable ligand binding with increased brightness after conjugation. Flavidin enhanced fluorescent imaging, allowing more sensitive and specific cell labeling in tissues. Flavidin should have wide application in molecular detection, providing a general insight into how to optimize simultaneously the behavior of the biomolecule and the chemical probe.
A Potent Combination of the Novel PI3K Inhibitor, GDC-0941, with Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Xenografts: Long-Lasting Responses after Treatment Withdrawal (2012)

GDC+IMA has significant antitumor efficacy in GIST xenografts, inducing more substantial tumor regression, apoptosis, and durable effects than imatinib. Notably, after treatment withdrawal, tumor regression was sustained in tumors exposed to GDC+IMA, which was not observed under imatinib. Assessment of PTEN status may represent a useful predictive biomarker for patient selection.
Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. (1985)

An evaluation of surgically obtained skin (age range, 8-92 yr) revealed that there is an age-dependent decrease in the epidermal concentrations of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol). To ascertain that aging indeed decreased the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3, some of the skin samples were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the content of previtamin D3 was determined in the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis in the young and older subjects was the major site for the formation of previtamin D3, accounting for greater than 80% of the total previtamin D3 that was produced in the skin. A comparison of the amount of previtamin D3 produced in the skin from the 8- and 18-yr-old subjects with the amount produced in the skin from the 77- and 82-yr-old subjects revealed that aging can decrease by greater than twofold the capacity of the skin to produce previtamin D3. Recognition of this difference may be extremely important for the elderly, who infrequently expose a small area of skin to sunlight and who depend on this exposure for their vitamin D nutritional needs.