gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anxiety rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations (2008)

Anxiety syndromes are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with up to 30% suffering from panic disorder, and up to 11% from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Anxiety is associated with increased subjective motor symptoms, more severe gait problems, dyskinesias, freezing, and on/off fluctuations. Anxiety has a negative impact on health related quality of life and is strongly associated with depressive syndromes. Since a variety of anxiety scales have been used in PD patients, the Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to assess the clinimetric properties of these scales in PD. A systematic review was conducted to identify anxiety scales that have either been validated or used in patients with PD. Six anxiety rating scales were identified. These were the Beck anxiety inventory, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, the Zung self-rating anxiety scale and anxiety status inventory, the Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory, and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. In addition, Item 5 (anxiety) of the neuropsychiatric inventory was included in the review. No scales met the criteria to be "recommended," and all scales were classified as "suggested." Essential clinimetric information is missing for all scales. Because several scales exist and have been used in PD, the task force recommends further studies of these instruments. If these studies show that the clinimetric properties of existing scales are inadequate, development of a new scale to assess anxiety in PD should be considered.
Inhibition of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid-Stimulated Elongation of Pea Stem Segments by a Xyloglucan Oligosaccharide (1984)

Xyloglucan, isolated from the soluble extracellular polysaccharides of suspension-cultured sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) cells, was digested with an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase purified from the culture fluid of Trichoderma viride. A nonasaccharide-rich Bio-Gel P-2 fraction of this digest inhibited 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic-acid-stimulated elongation of etiolated pea stem segments. The inhibitory activity of this oligosaccharide fraction exhibited a well-defined concentration optimum between 10(-2) and 10(-1) micrograms per milliliter. Another fraction of the same xyloglucan digest, rich in a structurally related heptasaccharide, did not, at similar concentrations, significantly inhibit the elongation.
Microsomal Prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> Synthase-1 Modulates the Response to Vascular Injury (2011)

Deletion of mPGES-1 in mice attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury, in part by regulating tenascin-C expression. This raises for consideration the therapeutic potential of mPGES-1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention.
Cisplatin plus etoposide with and without ifosfamide in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. (1995)

VIP combination chemotherapy is associated with an improved time to progression and overall survival over VP therapy in patients with extensive SCLC.
Performance-Based Measures of Everyday Function in Mild Cognitive Impairment (2010)

These findings indicate that performance-based measures of function may be a sensitive tool in studies of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment and suggest the need for a reconceptualization of the relationship between cognition and function in mild cognitive impairment so that they can be usefully aligned.
Growth of Gold Nanoparticles in Human Cells (2005)

Gold nanoparticles of 20-100 nm diameter were synthesized within HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney), HeLa (human cervical cancer), SiHa (human cervical cancer), and SKNSH (human neuroblastoma) cells. Incubation of 1 mM tetrachloroaurate solution, prepared in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, with human cells grown to approximately 80% confluency yielded systematic growth of nanoparticles over a period of 96 h. The cells, stained due to nanoparticle growth, were adherent to the bottom of the wells of the tissue culture plates, with their morphology preserved, indicating that the cell membrane was intact. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed the presence of nanoparticles within the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, the latter being much smaller in dimension. Scanning near field microscopic images confirmed the growth of large particles within the cytoplasm. Normal cells gave UV-visible signatures of higher intensity than the cancer cells. Differences in the cellular metabolism of cancer and noncancer cells were manifested, presumably in their ability to carry out the reduction process.
Live event experiences - Interactive UHDTV on mobile devices (2014)

This paper reports on the latest developments in tiled streaming. As an extension of HTTP adaptive streaming, it retains all the benefits of this streaming technology, while adding the potential of interaction when UHDTV is consumed on mobile devices. In particular, we discuss the underlying principles and aspects, such as multi-layer resolution scaling, spatial segmentation and adaptive streaming. Then we present insights from a number of technology validation tests and demonstrations, such as a live dance performance in Manchester in May 2013; a training tool for professional skiers employing tiled streaming in Schladming, host of the Alpine Skiing World Championship 2013; and tests incorporating `augmented reality'-style overlays in an athletics stadium in preparation for a trial at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Finally, we report on the status of on-going standardization efforts in the MPEG-DASH ad-hoc group, where tiled streaming is considered as a new feature, referred to as Spatial Relationship Description.
Unusual Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Reactions (2013)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes primarily catalyze mixed-function oxidation reactions, plus some reductions and rearrangements of oxygenated species, e.g. prostaglandins. Most of these reactions can be rationalized in a paradigm involving Compound I, a high-valent iron-oxygen complex (FeO(3+)), to explain seemingly unusual reactions, including ring couplings, ring expansion and contraction, and fusion of substrates. Most P450s interact with flavoenzymes or iron-sulfur proteins to receive electrons from NAD(P)H. In some cases, P450s are fused to protein partners. Other P450s catalyze non-redox isomerization reactions. A number of permutations on the P450 theme reveal the diversity of cytochrome P450 form and function.
Self-aligned complementary bipolar transistors fabricated with a selective-oxidation mask (1987)

This paper deals with a self-aligned complementary transistor (vertical n-p-n and vertical p-n-p) structure that is ideal for high-speed and high-accuracy analog bipolar LSI circuits. The device structure consists of a 2-µm epitaxial layer, a non-LOCOS trench isolation buried with polysilicon, and complementary transistors, which are characterized by self-aligned active base and emitter. The key feature lies in the fabrication process, which forms an active base and emitter by ion implantations through a silicon nitride film by the use of an oxidation film that covers an extrinsic base as a mask [1]. The leakage current at the emitter-base junction can be minimized, because the ion-implantation-induced residual defects are confined in the emitter and the extrinsic base regions. The current gains of both transistors (n-p-n and p-n-p) remain constant down to a collector current of I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> A. The typical distribution of the base-emitter offsets (ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BE</inf> ) of transistor pairs was 0.2 mV as expressed in the standard deviation = 3σ. The maximum values of f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> for n-p-n and p-n-p transistors are 6 and 1.5 GHz, respectively.
Buck/half-bridge input-series two-stage converter (2010)

This study presents a concept of connecting two-stage DC–DC converters in an input-series connection. An application example is discussed in detail where the first stage utilises two series connected buck converters that have reduced voltage stress. A single second stage is a half-bridge converter and is able to regulate the charge balance of the first stage. The benefits of the topology include: reduced primary switch voltage stress, simple self-driven synchronous rectification for wide input voltage range, self-voltage balancing on intermediate bus capacitors and simple housekeeping power supply. Further, the topology exhibits an unusual ripple match concept that can be utilised to suppress the current ripple of the second stage. Based on the detailed analysis, prototypes with 500–700 V input and 5 V/30 A output are built. Experimental results verify the principle and performance of the new topology.
IMPROVED SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS VECTORS FOR RECEPTOR RESEARCH AND GENE THERAPY (2001)

We have modified Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors to broaden their application range. Here we describe a series of site-directed mutagenesis experiments on the SFV subgenomic 26S promoter to down-regulate the heterologous gene expression. Several mutants showed a dramatic effect on transgene expression levels in BHK cells. The luciferase activity was reduced to approximately 30%, 3%, and 1% compared to the wild type promoter. Similarly, a decrease in beta-galactosidase activity was observed in BHK cells and after injection into the striatum of male Wistar rats. Novel non-cytopathogenic and temperature-sensitive SFV vectors have recently been developed by introduction of point mutations in the viral nonstructural genes nsP2 and nsP4. These vectors do not show the typical shut down of host cell protein synthesis after SFV infections and therefore allow for a substantially prolonged survival of host cells. Both the mutant vectors demonstrating lower and more physiological expression levels and the non-cytopathogenic vectors should be valuable tools for various applications within receptor research. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that SFV vectors can be efficient gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy applications.
Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Mice Lacking A1-a, a Subtype of the <i>bcl-2</i>–related A1 Gene (1998)

To elucidate the role of A1, a new member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators active in hematopoietic cell apoptosis, we established mice lacking A1-a, a subtype of the A1 gene in mice (A1-a-/- mice). Spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils of A1-a-/- mice was enhanced compared with that of either wild-type mice or heterozygous mutants (A1-a+/- mice). Neutrophil apoptosis inhibition induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro or transendothelial migration in vivo observed in wild-type mice was abolished in both A1-a-/- and A1-a+/- animals. On the other hand, the extent of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis did not differ among A1-a-/-, A1-a+/-, and wild-type mice. The descending order of A1 mRNA expression was wild-type, A1-a+/-, and A1-a-/-. Taken together, these results suggest that A1 is involved in inhibition of certain types of neutrophil apoptosis.
An enterprise wide information architecture (2002)

Today's enterprises have architectured their information systems along well defined functions such as logistics, operations, accounting, warehousing. While these strategies have solved immediate business problems they have created structures that make information integration complex and difficult. This paper addresses the functional requirements for integrating information across the enterprise and the technical problems that will arise with these requirements. The paper examines two typical computing models and their technologies that offer solutions to the needs of enterprise computing: an enterprise distributed computing model; and a enterprise database connectivity model. Finally, the paper addresses the need for an architecture, conceptually known as a clearing house, that encompasses both distributed computing and database connectivity solutions.
On the speedup required for work-conserving crossbar switches (2002)

Describes the architecture for a work-conserving server using a combined input-output buffered crossbar switch. The switch employs a novel algorithm based on output occupancy-the Lowest-Occupancy-Output-First Algorithm (LOOFA)-and a speedup of only 2. A work-conserving switch provides the same throughput performance as an output buffered switch. The work-conserving property of the switch is independent of the switch size and input traffic pattern. We also present a suite of algorithms that can be used in combination with LOOFA. These algorithms determine the fairness and delay properties of the switch. We also describe a mechanism to provide delay bounds for real-time traffic using LOOFA. These delay bounds are achievable without requiring output buffered switch emulation.
Analysis of C-Reactive Protein on Amide-Linked <i>N</i>-Hydroxysuccinimide−Dextran Arrays with a Spectral Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Serodiagnosis (2007)

A new label-free array system using amide-linked (AL) NHS-dextran and a spectral SPR biosensor are presented for the high-throughput analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) in human sera. The AL NHS-dextran layer on the surface of gold arrays was composed of an amide linkage between NHS-modified carboxymethyl-dextran and amine-modified 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The topology of the AL NHS-dextran layer was analyzed by atomic force microscopy, and it was found to be superior to the previously used epoxide-linked carboxymethyl-dextran layer in its immobilization of proteins. Specific immunoreactions and a dose-dependent increase of SPR signals were demonstrated on the AL NHS-dextran layer. Then, the label-free array system was successfully applied to the rapid analysis of CRP in 120 human sera. CRP levels in human sera determined by the array-based spectral SPR biosensor showed a good correlation with those determined by the latex-enhanced turbidimetry immunoassay (n = 120, r = 0.945, p < 0.0001). Thus, the array-based spectral SPR biosensor based on the AL NHS-dextran surface is a potential system for rapid and label-free serodiagnosis of human diseases.
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of DNA in microelectrode gaps for single-molecule constructs (2008)

The construction with biomolecules and their manipulation represent a key step for developing new miniaturized structures. Such micro or nanometer systems promise a variety of novel features. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for trapping and orienting individual molecules in microelectrode arrangements, and was demonstrated to be applicable to DNA. This relatively rigid biomolecule could (after defined immobilization) act as template for further modifications and functionalizations, e.g. metallization. Parameters of the DEP process were adapted to the given electrode layout and for trapping a few or even a single DNA strand. Characterization with atomic force microscopy (AFM) extends the standard method of fluorescence imaging by resolving the resulting structures with single molecule resolution.
Dynamics of Membrane Proteins within Synthetic Polymer Membranes with Large Hydrophobic Mismatch (2015)

The functioning of biological membrane proteins (MPs) within synthetic block copolymer membranes is an intriguing phenomenon that is believed to offer great potential for applications in life and medical sciences and engineering. The question why biological MPs are able to function in this completely artificial environment is still unresolved by any experimental data. Here, we have analyzed the lateral diffusion properties of different sized MPs within poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-containing amphiphilic block copolymer membranes of membrane thicknesses between 9 and 13 nm, which results in a hydrophobic mismatch between the membrane thickness and the size of the proteins of 3.3-7.1 nm (3.5-5 times). We show that the high flexibility of PDMS, which provides membrane fluidities similar to phospholipid bilayers, is the key-factor for MP incorporation.
Treatment of Landfill Leachate; Management Options (1985)

Abstract Three management options for the treatment of leachate from landfilled domestic solid waste have been evaluated. Research results show that leachate can be treated effectively in aerobic systems, with high organic carbon and ammoniacal nitrogen removals of &gt;90% and &gt;85% respectively. Optimum SRT of about 10 days is required. Anaerobic treatment (UASB) with HRT's of between 1.0 and 4.0 days results in COD destruction of about 85% with high methane production (400-600 mg/g COD removed) and provides an intermediate effluent suitable for polishing to a high standard. Recirculation of leachate through the landfill by itself cannot provide a complete treatment, although significant reductions in volume and strength of leachate can be obtained.
On Improving Bit Error Probability of QPSK and 4-Level Amplitude Modulation Systems by Convolutional Coding (1977)

We consider Amplitude Modulation (AM) systems, PhaseShift-Keying (PSK) and Amplitude-Phase-Keying (APK) systems in which each symbol can take 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> values. After a systematic search of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n, n - 1)</tex> binary convolutional codes with large values of free distance and minimal number of code words at that distance, simulations have been performed with an 8-symbol modulation system ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n = 3</tex> ). For a bit error probability of less <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{-4}</tex> , the saving in average power signal-signal-to-noise ratio over that required for an uncoded system with the same channel symbol rate was more than 2 dB with PSK and APK, and 1.5 dB with AM.
Solar Panel Cells as Power Source and Li-Fi Data Nodes Integrated with Solar Concentrator (2017)

The usage of internet and requirement for data transmission is at tremendous demand.People are more dependent on the internet compared to previous decades.So with the increase in number of users, spectrum is becoming congested.Presently Wi-Fi technology is popular which runs on radio frequency waves having less bandwidth so, to have a larger bandwidth for greater data transfer rate Li-Fi has been introduced.Li-Fi uses visible light spectrum having bandwidth 10,000 times more than radio waves.Li-Fi requires continuous electric power for illumination to transfer data.Electrification is a major concern in rural areas.Uses of this Li-Fi technology with solar panel make it more efficient and easily available at every nook and corner.This paper deals with integration of Li-Fi with solar panel.Solar panel is used instead of photodiodes for demodulation of data.Solar panels consist of solar cells which works for both storing energy and converting that energy stored in electrical signal for illuminating LED lamps and to complete the successful working of life technology also solar panel have also become more efficient by placing the solar concentrator above them which will increase the output power of solar panel manifold.
Early developmental change in bitter taste responses in human infants (1992)

Human newborns (birth-6 days) and older infants (14-180 days) were allowed to ingest both urea (0.12-0.24 M) in a mildly sweet diluent and the diluent alone, and multiple measures of responsivity were obtained (relative intake, sucking behavior, and hedonic ratings based on facial expressions and body movements). For newborns, there was no indication of rejection of urea relative to the diluent in measures of intake or sucking behavior; rather, their responses were predominantly controlled by the order of presentation of the two tastes. In contrast, older infants tended to reject all concentrations of urea according to these measures. Hedonic ratings provided an indication of limited rejection of the bitter taste by newborns, but older infants were still found to respond more consistently. These data suggest there is an early developmental change in bitter taste perception.
Pellino-1 Selectively Regulates Epithelial Cell Responses to Rhinovirus (2012)

Pellino-1 has recently been identified as a regulator of interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling, but its roles in regulation of responses of human cells to human pathogens are unknown. We investigated the potential roles of Pellino-1 in the airways. We show for the first time that Pellino-1 regulates responses to a human pathogen, rhinovirus minor group serotype 1B (RV-1B). Knockdown of Pellino-1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was associated with impaired production of innate immune cytokines such as CXCL8 from human primary bronchial epithelial cells in response to RV-1B, without impairment in production of antiviral interferons (IFN), and without loss of control of viral replication. Pellino-1 actions were likely to be independent of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) regulation, since Pellino-1 knockdown in primary epithelial cells did not alter responses to IL-1 but did inhibit responses to poly(I·C), a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activator that does not signal via IRAK-1 to engender a response. These data indicate that Pellino-1 represents a novel target that regulates responses of human airways to human viral pathogens, independently of IRAK signaling. Neutralization of Pellino-1 may therefore provide opportunities to inhibit potentially harmful neutrophilic inflammation of the airways induced by respiratory viruses, without loss of control of the underlying viral infection.
The Effects of Doxycycline on Nitric Oxide and Stromelysin Production in Dogs With Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (2001)

Doxycycline may have a role in the treatment of canine OA by inhibiting NO production.
Response Time of Silicon Photodiodes for DUV/EUV Radiation (2008)

There is a strong relation between the size, the shape and the location of the illuminated part of a shallow-junction photodiode, and its series resistance [2, 3, 4]. This relation creates an expectation for a big variation of the response time (the time for which the photo-generated charge will be removed from the photodiode) with the illuminated spot size. This is because the time constant of the photodiode, which is one of the main factors defining the response time, is a product of the series resistance multiplied by the junction capacitance. In this work the dependence of the charge removal time of a shallow photodiode on the size of the illuminated area, is studied. Simulation results, as well as measurement data, show that the response time is changing only slightly with the position and the size of the illuminated spot size, when very short light pulses are used. After the incidence light is over, the discharging of the photodiode continues with a time constant, which is highly independent of the size and the location of the illuminated part of the photodiode.