gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Object-event graph matching for complex activity recognition (2011)

In security, the most relevant criminal and terrorist activities are often of high complexity: they involve several entities interacting sequentially and simultaneously over an extended time interval. In this paper, we present a powerful approach for complex activity recognition and analysis using graph representation and matching. It is based on the representation of activities in terms of objects, events and processes, which are modeled as nodes of an attributed relational graph (ARG). The recognition of complex activities, taking into account observation uncertainty and incompleteness, is performed using graph matching of template graphs and the data graph. The data graph represents observations of objects, events and processes collected from low-level signal processing and other information sources. The models of the complex activities to be detected are represented as template graphs. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is proposed to infer probabilities of activity occurrence, object involvement and event occurrence for detection, event prediction and sensor management in complex activity recognition problems. The suggested method is illustrated using a toy example from maritime surveillance.
Software engineering methods for neural networks (2004)

Neural networks have been used to solve a wide range of problems. Unfortunately, many of the applications of neural networks reported in the literature have been built in an ad-hoc manner, without being informed by the techniques and tools of software engineering. The problem with developing neural networks in an ad-hoc manner, using a "trial and error" or "build and fix" approach, is that successes are difficult to repeat. Building neural networks to solve specific problems using ad-hoc processes is repeatable only if there is a sufficient culture of disciplined practice and experienced people in the organisation to facilitate the process. We propose a set of methods for developing neural networks that can be used to systematically and repeatably "engineer" neural networks to solve specific problems. We explore the "design problem "for neural networks, and the problem of validating and verifying the operation and learning algorithms for neural network software. A feature of our approach is to separate the generic components of a neural network from the application specific components.
Thrombin stimulates proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells by a proteolytically activated receptor. (1993)

Thrombin has been implicated in the stimulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation that contributes to post angioplasty restenosis. The present studies demonstrated that human alpha-thrombin was a potent and efficacious mitogen for cultured rat aortic SMC, stimulating an increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation, as well as an increase in cell number at 1 to 10 nM concentration. gamma-Thrombin, which is enzymatically active but lacks fibrinogen clotting activity, stimulated SMC mitogenesis but was approximately 10-fold less potent than alpha-thrombin. In contrast, D-phenylalanyl-L-propyl-L-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone-alpha-thrombin, which lacked enzymatic activity, had no mitogenic effect. Diisopropylfluorophosphate-alpha-thrombin failed to stimulate mitogenesis except at concentrations having equivalent enzymatic activity as that of alpha-thrombin at its threshold for mitogenesis. Thus, thrombin-induced proliferation was dependent on enzymatic activity. A 14-residue peptide (SFLLRNPNDKYEPF) corresponding to amino acids 42 through 55 of the human thrombin receptor (Vu, T. K., D. T. Hung, V. I. Wheaton, and S. R. Coughlin, 1991. Cell. 64:1057-1068) had full efficacy in stimulating SMC proliferation. Reversing the first two amino acids of this peptide abolished mitogenic activity. Northern analysis demonstrated that SMC expressed a single mRNA species that hybridized to a labeled thrombin receptor cDNA probe. These findings indicate that alpha-thrombin stimulates SMC proliferation via the proteolytic activation of a receptor very similar or identical to that previously identified.
All-optical XOR gate with optical feedback using highly Ge-doped nonlinear fiber and a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical exclusive-OR (XOR) gate with optical feedback using a highly Ge-doped nonlinear fiber. The XOR is achieved based on cross-polarization rotation in nonlinear fiber, while the optical feedback employs a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). The TOAD simultaneously cleans up the XOR output and converts the wavelength of the feedback signal to allow proper feedback operation. The performance of the all-optical XOR gate with optical feedback is studied through both experimental and simulation analysis. An open eye diagram of the XOR output in feedback mode is obtained experimentally, and a correct logic operation in feedback mode is proved through simulation.
SPICE Model of Memristor with Nonlinear Dopant Drift (2009)

Abstract. A mathematical model of the prototype of mem-ristor, manufactured in 2008 in Hewlett-Packard Labs, is described in the paper. It is shown that the hitherto pub-lished approaches to the modeling of boundary conditions need not conform with the requirements for the behavior of a practical circuit element. The described SPICE model of the memristor is thus constructed as an open model, ena-bling additional modifications of non-linear boundary conditions. Its functionality is illustrated on computer simulations.
PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR: A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PHOSPHOGLYCERIDE (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Sequential physiologic interactions in pediatric cardiogenic and septic shock (1989)

We report that the pediatric cardiogenic shock and septic shock populations show similar hemodynamic and oxygen utilization physiologic relationships during aggressive intensive care therapy. We examined the mathematical relationships between vascular tone and flow, and oxygen utilization and oxygen delivery (DO2) in the early and middle stages of cardiogenic and septic shock. The fitted curves between cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance, and oxygen consumption (VO2) and DO2 were clinically and statistically similar in both shock populations. We found no evidence for decreased oxygen extraction in sepsis as compared to the cardiogenic shock population. In addition, it appears that the major determinant of VO2 in these populations is DO2, not oxygen extraction. We suggest that patients with cardiogenic or septic shock can be treated according to similar physiologic principles.
Bounding memory interference delay in COTS-based multi-core systems (2014)

In commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) multi-core systems, a task running on one core can be delayed by other tasks running simultaneously on other cores due to interference in the shared DRAM main memory. Such memory interference delay can be large and highly variable, thereby posing a significant challenge for the design of predictable real-time systems. In this paper, we present techniques to provide a tight upper bound on the worst-case memory interference in a COTS-based multi-core system. We explicitly model the major resources in the DRAM system, including banks, buses and the memory controller. By considering their timing characteristics, we analyze the worst-case memory interference delay imposed on a task by other tasks running in parallel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work bounding the request re-ordering effect of COTS memory controllers. Our work also enables the quantification of the extent by which memory interference can be reduced by partitioning DRAM banks. We evaluate our approach on a commodity multi-core platform running Linux/RK. Experimental results show that our approach provides an upper bound very close to our measured worst-case interference.
Single-crystal fiber structures for harsh environment applications (Rising Researcher Presentation) (2018)

Harsh environment sensor applications are becoming more accessible due to the implementation of single-crystal optical materials and devices. In particular, fossil energy applications like gas turbines or coal gassifiers require new, more robust sensing technologies compatible with modern control schemes. Fabricating common devices in sapphire or YAG fibers rather than standard fused silica can extend the operating temperature range significantly beyond the current state of the art. Here, we discuss configuration of our Laser Heated Pedestal growth (LHPG) system with a novel control algorithm that permits the growth of fibers with non-uniform diameters along the fiber’s length. This algorithm controls the molten zone height, laser power, and drawing rates simultaneously to reduce the mismatch between instantaneous diameter changes and current diameter. We detail the range of structural possibilities achievable using this control technique, and subsequently evaluate the spectral properties of as-grown devices like sapphire long-period gratings. Finally, we make recommendations regarding new single-crystal sensor devices which will be shown to maintain operational stability over a wide range of operating temperatures.
Biologically active constituents of Centipeda minima: Isolation of a new plenolin ester and the antiallergy activity of sesquiterpene lactones. (1985)

Two pseudoguianolide sesquiterpenes were isolated as antiallergic constituents of Centipeda minima, which has been used as a folk medicine in southeast Asia. One of the sesquiterpenes, 6-O-senesioylplenolin (2), is a new pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactone, which was isolated along with known pseudoguaianolide, arnicolide C (1). The two sesquiterpenes exhibited significant antiallergy activity in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) tests. An amide isolated along with the sesquiterpenes was identified as aurantiamide acetate (3). Three flavonoids obtained from this plant also showed significant antiallergy activity.
Nrf2-dependent upregulation of antioxidative enzymes: a novel pathway for proteasome inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection (2009)

Non-toxic proteasome inhibition upregulates antioxidative enzymes via an Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activation of AREs and confers cardioprotection.
The Theory of the Glass Electrode. IV . Temperature Studies of the Glass Electrode Error (1937)

The error of the glass electrode in lithium and sodium aqueous solutions over an extensive pH range was measured at 10 and 50° C. and compared with the data at 25° C. The alkaline error is greater at the higher temperature and less at the lower temperature, but the acid or water activity error scarcely changes with the temperature, depending, in agreement with the “water electrode” theory of Dole, only on the activity of the water at any particular pH. The alkaline error increases with the temperature in accord with the requirements of the statistical equation of Dole insofar as the order of magnitude is concerned; the “Q” quantities, however, instead of being strictly constant, change slightly with the pH, salt concentration and temperature. The data given here have the practical utility of being applicable as a correction factor to glass electrode measurements at temperatures other than 25° C., a pH correction table being included in the paper.
Predicting hard and soft-responses and identifying stable challenges of MUX PUFs using ANNs (2017)

In this paper, we present artificial neural network (ANN) models to predict hard and soft-responses of three configurations of arbiter based physical unclonable functions (PUFs): standard, feed-forward (FF) and modified feed-forward (MFF). The models are trained using data extracted from 32-stage arbiter PUF circuits fabricated using IBM 32 nm HKMG process. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we evaluate the unpredictability of the PUFs by predicting hard responses using ANNs and comparing these with ground truth. Second, ANNs are trained to predict soft-responses and a probability based thresholding scheme is used to define stability. The obtained soft-response models are used to identify unstable responses.
Enterovirus 71 Outbreak in the People's Republic of China in 2008 (2009)

Since the discovery of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in 1969, numerous outbreaks have occurred worldwide in countries in Europe, America, and the West Pacific region ([1][1]). Since 1997, the prevalence of EV71 infection in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in southeast Asia, has greatly increased.
Hepatoblast and mesenchymal cell-specific gene-expression in fetal rat liver and in cultured fetal rat liver cells (2009)

The aim of this study was to determine whether passaged rat fetal liver cells are functional hepatoblasts. Hepatocyte/hepatoblast- and liver myofibroblast-gene-expressions were studied in adult and fetal rat liver tissues as well as in primary and passaged cultures of isolated rat fetal liver cells at both the mRNA and protein level. Desmin- and Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA)-positive cells were located in the walls of liver vessels, whereas Desmin-positive/SMA-negative cells were distributed within the liver parenchyma. Primary cultures contained Prox1-positive hepatoblasts, Desmin/SMA-positive myofibroblasts and only a few Desmin-positive/SMA-negative cells. Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) could be detected in the primary cultures and to a lesser extent after the first passage. The number of Desmin-positive/SMA-negative cells decreased with successive passage, such that after the second passage, only Desmin/SMA-positive cells could be detected. SMA-gene-expression increased during the passages, suggesting that myofibroblasts become the major cell population of fetal liver cell cultures over time. This observation needs to be taken into account, should passaged fetal liver cells be used for liver cell transplantation. Moreover it contradicts the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and suggests rather that selective overgrowth of mesenchymal cells occurs in culture.
Hybrid Materials: Three‐Dimensional Microvascular Fiber‐Reinforced Composites (Adv. Mater. 32/2011) (2011)

Four undulating microchannels of a 3D microvascular network are integrated into a structural composite, as revealed by microCT imaging. Jeffrey S. Moore, Scott R. White, and co-workers report that fabrication is accomplished by weaving sacrificial polylactide fibers into the preform prior to conventional composite manufacturing. A post-curing process depolymerizes the polylactide, leaving behind high-fidelity, inverse replicas of the original sacrificial fiber.
The Evolution of Aβ Peptide Burden in the APP23 Transgenic Mice: Implications for Aβ Deposition in Alzheimer Disease (2001)

We suggest that the APP23 Tg mouse may develop an earlier blockage in A beta clearance than the Tg2576 mice, resulting in a more severe accumulation of A beta in the perivascular drainage pathways and in the brain. Both Tg mice reflect decreased A beta elimination and as models for the amyloid cascade they are useful to study AD pathophysiology and therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL BASIC LIGANDS FOR THE HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC HOMOLOGATION OF METHANOL TO ETHANOL. I. SYNTHESIS OF BASIC TRIDENTATE PHOSPHORUS‐NITROGEN CONTAINING CHELATE LIGANDS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS CARBONYL COMPOUNDS OF GROUP VI METALS (1983)

Abstract Die wie aufgezeichnet auf drei verschiedenen Wegen synthetisierten, dreizähnigen Chelatliganden (III), von denen (IIIa, b) luftempfindlich sind, reagieren mit den Tricarbonyl‐tris‐[acetonitril]‐metallkomplexen in äquimolaren Mengen zu den sechsfach‐koordinierten Komplexen (IV).
Sequences in the -35 region of Escherichia coli rpoS-dependent genes promote transcription by E sigma S (1996)

sigma S is an alternate sigma factor which functions with RNA polymerase to activate transcription of genes that are involved in a number of stress responses, including stationary-phase survival and osmoprotection. The similarity of the sigma S protein to sigma D (Escherichia coli's major sigma factor) in the regions thought to recognize and bind promoter sequences suggests that sigma S- and sigma D-associated RNA polymerases recognize promoter DNA in a similar manner. However, no promoter recognition sequence for sigma S holoenzyme (E sigma S) has been identified. An apparent conservation of cytosine nucleotides was noted in the -35 region of several sigma S-dependent promoters. Site-directed mutagenesis and reporter gene fusions were used to investigate the importance of the -35 cytosine nucleotides for sigma S-dependent transcription. Substitution of cytosine nucleotides for thymidine at the -35 site of the sigma D-dependent proU promoter effectively abolished transcription by E sigma D but allowed E sigma S to direct transcription from the mutant promoter. Inclusion of the sigma D consensus -10 hexamer strengthened transcription by E sigma S, demonstrating that both E sigma D and E sigma S can recognize the same -10 sequences. Conversely, replacement of -35 site cytosine nucleotides with thymidine in the sigma S-dependent osmY promoter reduced transcription by E sigma S and increased transcription by E sigma D. Our data suggest that DNA sequences in the -35 region function as part of a discriminator mechanism to shift transcription between E sigma D and E sigma S.
Effects of aminothiols in 2-acetylaminofluorene-treated rats. III. Metabolic activation of aromatic amines. (1992)

Six groups of Wistar rats received a standard diet supplemented with 0.05% 2-acetylaminofluorene and/or 0.1% natural (reduced glutathione) or synthetic (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) aminothiols. The discontinuous feeding regimen consisted of 4 cycles, each composed of 3 weeks of treatment followed by withdrawal for 1 week. At the 3rd and 4th week of each cycle, the liver was removed from 4-5 rats within each group, and pools of S-12 fractions were assayed for the ability to activate 2-acetylaminofluorene and other aromatic amines, either structurally related (i.e. 4-acetylaminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene) or unrelated (i.e. 2-naphtylamine and benzidine) to mutagenic metabolites in strain TA98 of S. typhimurium. In untreated rats, there was a consistent and marked trend to an age-dependent loss of metabolic activation of all test compounds during the 16 weeks of the experiment. Feeding of 2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in an evident autoinduction of metabolism which was continuously amplified with time, even during the withdrawal weeks. In the same animals, activation of the other amines was initially inhibited but then progressively shifted to a mild cross-induction which, in the case of the structurally related compounds, became significant at the end of the 4-cycle treatment with 2-acetylaminofluorene. The metabolic effects of the two aminothiols were broadly variable, depending on the thiol, on its co-administration with 2AAF, on the week and cycle of treatment, and on promutagens tested.
A statistical comparison of commonly used external magnetic field models (2008)

Accurate geomagnetic field models are crucial to the study of radiation belt phenomena. We quantitatively examine the accuracy of several external models widely in use via the Office National d'Etudes et de Recherche Aérospatiales‐Département Environnement Spatial (ONERA‐DESP) libraries. We study 2 years characterized by very different space weather conditions, 1996 and 2003. The year 1996, at solar minimum, exhibited many high‐speed streams and a few corotating interaction regions but was generally quiet. In contrast, 2003 included the Halloween storm, one of the most intense geomagnetic storms on record caused by a coronal mass ejection. The performance of each model, as measured by prediction efficiency and skill score, is evaluated as a function of magnetospheric conditions (reflected by the geomagnetic index Kp ) and magnetic local time (MLT). Not surprisingly, the newer models tend to perform better and interesting comparisons arise between the performances of the models during different periods of the solar cycle and across different Kp and MLT values. For Kp < 4, most models show similar performance, but for higher values, there are large differences between newer and older model performance. As a function of MLT, noticeable dips in the performance of older models are observed near dawn. These dips are suspected to be effects of field‐aligned and partial ring currents that are not fully incorporated into the models, but their exact nature is unknown.
Respirator cartridge efficiency studies: VI. effect of concentration (1976)

The service life of organic vapor cartridges was determined for ten vapors at concentrations between 50 and 3000 ppm. The breakthrough time (tb) conformed to the empirical expression tb = aCb, where C is the concentration in ppm and a and b are constants. The average value for b at 10% breakthrough was — 0.67 ± 0.17. The service life is inversely proportional to flow rate for acetone and benzene.
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Domestic Swine in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal (1995)

The prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections among 55 domestic swine living in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal was investigated. Sera and stool specimens were collected from 47 free-roaming swine and examined for the presence of HEV genomic sequences by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Sera from these animals, as well as sera from eight other swine, were also examined for the presence of HEV-specific antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by a fluorescent antibody blocking assay. Hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in the sera and/or stool of three of 47 swine, while HEV-specific antibodies were detected in 18 of 55 swine. These results indicate that HEV is a zoonotic virus, and that swine are among its natural hosts.
Effect of dislocations on thermal conductivity of GaN layers (2001)

We report calculation of the lattice thermal conductivity in wurtzite GaN. The proposed model is material specific and explicitly includes phonon relaxation on threading dislocations and impurities typical for GaN. We have found that a decrease of the dislocation density by two orders of magnitude in GaN leads to a corresponding increase of the thermal conductivity from 1.31 to 1.97 W/cm K. This theoretical prediction is in very good agreement with experimental data obtained from scanning thermal microscopy. The developed model can be used for thermal budget calculations in high-power density GaN devices.
Optimal master controller assignment for minimizing flow setup latency in SDN (2016)

In multi-controller software-defined networking (SDN) environments, a flow whose path includes switches that are managed by different controllers experiences increased flow setup latency, which is critical for delay-sensitive applications. To address the issue, we propose an optimal controller assignment scheme that minimizes the average flow setup latency while limiting load imbalance between controllers. Preliminary simulation results show that the optimal assignment scheme can achieve lower average flow setup latency than a load-based assignment scheme.
Acne prevalence, knowledge about acne and psychological morbidity in mid-adolescence: a community-based study (2001)

Acne is a common disorder in English adolescents and appears to have a considerable impact on emotional health in this age group. Low levels of acne knowledge and poor acne management are concerns that could be amenable to a school-based education programme.