gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of reverse osmosis membranes for the separation of lemongrass essential oil and supercritical CO2 (2004)

Although it is still used very little by industry, the process of essential oil extraction from vegetable matrices with supercritical CO2 is regarded as a potentially viable technique. The operation of separating the extract from the solvent is carried out by reducing the pressure in the system. Separation by membranes is an alternative that offers lower energy consumption and easier operation than traditional methods of separation. Combining the processes essential oil extraction with supercritical CO2 and separation by membranes permits the separation of solvent and oil without the need for large variations in extraction conditions. This results in a large energy savings in the case of solvent repressurisation and reuse. In this study, the effectiveness of reverse osmosis membranes in separating lemongrass essential oil from mixtures with supercritical CO2 was tested. The effects of feed oil concentration and transmembrane pressure on CO2 permeate flux and oil retention were studied for three membrane models.
Electrochemical Characterization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2000)

The cyclic voltammetric responses and capacitive behavior of single‐walled carbon nanotube sheets or papers are described. Broad redox responses have been observed in aqueous solutions that are probably due to the presence of oxygen‐containing groups bound to the surface of the nanotubes or to the impurities produced during nanotube purification. The voltammetry and capacitance of the nanotube paper do not vary significantly when the chemical nature of the electrolyte ions is changed. In nonaqueous media, no redox responses are produced except in solutions of , where an intense reduction response, possibly due to lithium insertion into the nanotube bundles, is observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solutions reveals the typical features associated with a porous material. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes show that the mass of the nanotube film increases as the potential is made more negative. These mass changes are affected by, but are not directly proportional to, the cation mass. In acetonitrile solutions of , a significant increase in mass associated with the suggested insertion of the cation is observed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An industrial survey of requirements interdependencies in software product release planning (2001)

The task of finding an optimal selection of requirements for the next release of a software system is difficult as requirements may depend on each other in complex ways. The paper presents the results from an in-depth study of the interdependencies within 5 distinct sets of requirements, each including 20 high-priority requirements of 5 distinct products from 5 different companies. The results show that: (1) roughly 20% of the requirements are responsible for 75% of the interdependencies; (2) only a few requirements are singular; (3) customer-specific bespoke development tend to include more functionality- related dependencies whereas market-driven product development have an emphasis on value-related dependencies. Several strategies for reducing the effort needed for identifying and managing interdependencies are outlined. A technique for visualization of interdependencies with the aim of supporting release planning is also discussed. The complexity of requirements interdependency analysis is studied in relation to metrics of requirements coupling. Finally, a number of issues for further research are identified.
Fabrication of Biological Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles by Electrospray (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Horizontal hot wall reactor design for epi‐SiC growth (2005)

Abstract The model adopted for the simulation of a new industrial size type of horizontal cold wall reactor for epitaxial silicon carbide deposition is reviewed. The attention is focalized on the chemical mechanism adopted and on the comparison with some growth rate data and temperature profiles for the system ethylene, silane, hydrogen and the deposition of undoped silicon carbide. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characterization and antitumor activity of the extracts from matted mycelium of cultured Grifola frondosa. (1985)

The fruit body of Grifola frondosa, an edible mushroom, is used as a food in Japan. However, the matted mycelium of the fruit body is not utilized, In this paper, structural characterization and antitumor activity of the extracts from the matted mycelium of this fungus were examined. Hot water, cold alkali, and hot alkali extracts of the mycelium all contained polysaccharides ; that in the cold alkali extract was composed of glucose, but those in the hot water and hot alkali extracts contained glucose, mannose and/or xylose. Each fraction showed potent antitumor activity against murine solid tumor, Sarcoma-180. The antitumor activities of the alkali extracts were more potent than that of the hot water extract. By means of DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, α-amylase treatment, and SP-Sephadex chromatography, a neutral β-1, 3-glucan was purified from the cold alkali extract. From the results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, methylation, periodate oxidation, enzymic degradation, and physicochemical characterizations, the purified antitumor glucan was concluded to be a β-1, 3-glucan branched at C-6 of every third main-chain glucosyl unit. The structure is quite similar to that of the antitumor glucan obtained from the fruit body of this fungus. It is concluded that the matted mycelium of G. frondosa may be useful as a source of antitumor β-1, 3-glucan.
Lactococcus garvieae endocarditis in a patient with colonic diverticulosis: first case report in Italy and review of the literature. (2012)

Lactococcus garvieae is a human opportunistic pathogen with low virulence, but it is a well-known pathogen in aquaculture. A total of 21 human infections have been reported in the literature, mostly endocarditis. Automated methods can wrongly identify this microorganism as Enterococcus spp with a non-standard phenotype, leading to an underestimation of the incidence of this infection. The route of infection could be the ingestion of raw fish, grilled fish or fresh dairy products. We describe the first case of L. garvieae mitral valve endocarditis in Italy, in a patient with mitral valve repair with autologous pericardium, mechanic prosthetic aortic valve and colonic diverticulosis.
Correlations among pH and Mg, Ca, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- contents of digesta in the gastro-intestinal tract of rats. (1987)

pH and Mg, Ca, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO-3 contents of digesta in the stomach, the small intestine, the caecum, the colon were determined in the rats to study the effects of pH on absorption of Mg, Ca and P in the gastro-intestinal tract. Acidification in the stomach (pH3.46), sudden pH rise in the upper segment of the small intestine (pH6.52), sudden alkalization from pH6.89 to pH7.41 in the defined site of the lower segment of the small intestine, acidification in the caecum (pH6.91) and sudden alkalization in the colon (pH7.97) were observed. The positive correlations among Cl-, HCO-3, Na and K contents suggested that these minerals neutralized the low pH by HCl secreted in the stomach and organic acids produced by fermentation in the caecum. The significant negative correlations between pH and the ratio of Mg, Ca or P contents (Sup %) in supernatant fraction to total contents showed the possibility that the insoluble salts of these minerals precipitated as pH rose. The sudden increase of P content in the caecum might be due to the accumulation of P into multiplied bacteria. These results suggested that the sudden alkalization of digesta might decrease the absorptions of Mg, Ca and P in the intestine.
Fabrication & characterisation of Yb3+:Er3+ phosphosilicate fibres for lasers (1998)

Fabrication process of efficient Yb codoped fiber. We explain how we evaluate the fibers and discuss the effect of the ytterbium to erbium concentration ratio on the laser characteristics. Finally, we present results of some investigations into the mechanisms which can affect the efficiency of the lasers, and show that the detrimental up-conversion from the metastable level of the erbium ions is dramatically reduced by the presence of the ytterbium ions.
Trafficking of T Cells into Tumors (2014)

T cells are a crucial component of the immune response to infection and cancer. In addition to coordinating immunity in lymphoid tissue, T cells play a vital role at the disease site, which relies on their efficient and specific trafficking capabilities. The process of T-cell trafficking is highly dynamic, involving a series of distinct processes, which include rolling, adhesion, extravasation, and chemotaxis. Trafficking of T cells to the tumor microenvironment is critical for the success of cancer immunotherapies such as adoptive cellular transfer. Although this approach has achieved some remarkable responses in patients with advanced melanoma and hematologic malignancy, the success against solid cancers has been more moderate. One of the major challenges for adoptive immunotherapy is to be able to effectively target a higher frequency of T cells to the tumor microenvironment, overcoming hurdles associated with immunosuppression and aberrant vasculature. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of T-cell migration in solid cancer and immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of natural or genetically engineered tumor-specific T cells and discusses new strategies that may enhance the trafficking of these cells, leading to effective eradication of solid cancer and metastases.
A new coupling method for quarter-wave coaxial cavity resonator used for sterilization (2011)

In this paper, a new coupling method for the quarter-wave coaxial cavity resonator is proposed and designed for sterilization. The inner and outer conductors of the quarter-wave coaxial cavity is connected by two symmetrical inductive bend metallic stubs to achieve zero-voltage at the lower end of the resonator. The upper end forms an open circuit and the voltage has its maximum. Compared with other traditional coupling structures, such as loop coupling, this type of structure not only keeps good performance in simple configuration, but also has many additional advantages. For example, it can be integrated and fabricated with the conventional quarter-wave coaxial cavity resonator together to improve the fabrication accuracy and operation reliability. Besides, it has high repeatability and mass-producibility. The detailed design process is introduced in this paper. The proposed coupling structure and the corresponding quarter-wave coaxial cavity resonator are modeled, analyzed and simulated by the commercial software HFSS. The electric field near the upper end of the inner conductor can reach 106 V/m, so it is sufficient to break the cell membrane and be used for sterilization. This simple and effective coupling method and the corresponding integrated resonator can be employed in the plasma excitation and dielectric measurement applications as well.
Turbo equalization and demodulation of multicode space time codes (2004)

This work considers a high rate, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems using multiple codes, as well as channel coding and space time (ST) coding. The transmitter consists of a channel encoder followed by parallel linear dispersion codes (LDC) ST encoders using different spreading codes. The iterative receiver consists of a soft input and soft output (SISO) demodulator, followed by a SISO detector. Simulation results in realistic frequency selective third generation partnership project test cases reveal good performance even for high rate HSDPA services.
Ethanol acceptance as a function of genotype amounts of brain [Met]enkephalin. (1983)

Our results indicate a negative correlation between the amount of ethanol (10%) consumed and endogenous levels of brain [Met]enkephalin in C57BL/6J (alcohol-preferring) and DBA/2J (alcohol-nonpreferring) inbred mice strains. Additionally, it was found that 8 wk after 1-day starved groups of both C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice were challenged with ethanol (10%) for 1-day acceptance, they had significantly lower levels of brain [Met]enkephalin compared with their nonalcohol-treated controls. These results suggest that the brain endogenous peptidyl opiates may play a crucial role in alcohol-seeking behavior.
Fast collision detection through bounding volume hierarchies in workspace-time space for sampling-based motion planners (2015)

This paper presents a fast collision-detection method for sampling-based motion planners based on bounding volume hierarchies in workspace-time space. By introducing time as an additional dimension to the robot's workspace, the method is able to quickly evaluate time-indexed candidate trajectories for collision with the known future motions of other agents. The approach makes no assumptions on the shape of the objects and is able to handle arbitrary motions. We highlight implementation details regarding the application of the collision detection technique within an online planning framework for automated driving. Furthermore, we give detailed profiling information to show the capability for real-time operation.
A proapoptotic effect of valproic acid on progenitors of embryonic stem cell-derived glutamatergic neurons (2013)

Valproic acid (VPA) is a branched-chain saturated fatty acid with a long history of clinical use as an antiepileptic drug (AED). VPA is also known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) and to cause diverse effects on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Although the neuroprotective or neurodestructive effects of VPA have been investigated in heterogeneous cell populations, in this study, we used homogeneous populations of NPCs and glutamatergic cortical pyramidal neurons, which were differentiated from embryonic stem (ES) cells. At therapeutic concentrations, VPA had a proapoptotic effect on ES cell-derived NPCs of glutamatergic neurons, but not on their progeny. This effect of VPA most likely occurred through the inhibition of HDACs, because similar phenotypes were observed following treatment with other HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate. The proapoptotic phenotype was not observed when cells were exposed to a structural analog of VPA, valpromide (VPM), which has the same antiepileptic effect as VPA, but does not inhibit HDACs. Western blotting confirmed that treatment with HDACis, but not VPM, significantly increased the levels of histone H3 acetylation in NPCs. HDACi treatments did not affect the survival of neurons, although the acetylation levels were increased to a limited extent. These results, which are based on a homogeneous culture system, suggest that VPA inhibits HDAC activity and induces the apoptosis of NPCs that are fated to differentiate into glutamatergic neurons. The dose-dependent effects of VPA both on apoptosis and hyperacetylation of histone H3 in NPCs supported this notion. These cell type- and differentiation stage-specific effects of VPA imply that dysfunction of HDACs during pregnancy significantly increase the risk of congenital malformations associated with VPA administration.
Simplifying the 45nm SDE Process with ClusterBoron® and ClusterCarbon™ Implantation (2006)

The processes used to form an advanced PMOS SDE become increasing complex with each technology generation. Aggressive requirements for junction depth, sheet resistance and abruptness are difficult to satisfy with conventional technologies. The fundamental issues are the low productivity of implant systems at the required low boron implant energies and the diffusion rate of boron in silicon at the temperatures needed for activation. We propose an alternate process sequence with the goal of simplifying the process module by eliminating the Ge PAI implant and using a conventional spike anneal.Our approach is to utilize a ClusterCarbon implant to control boron diffusion, a ClusterBoron® implant for high productivity at low process energy and a conventional spike anneal at moderate temperature. The ClusterCarbon™ implant uses the same ClusterIon® source and related system as the ClusterBoron implant. This process combination provides a solution to the technology requirements using conventional production tools, high productivity and a simple, direct path to optimizing the SDE conditions.
Selection of Station Insulators With Respect to Ice and Snow—Part II: Methods of Selection and Options for Mitigation (2005)

In locations exposed to freezing conditions over the station service life, additional measures for selecting adequate station insulators at distribution and transmission voltage levels should be taken. This second part of the paper describes the selection process and mitigation options, based on the environmental parameters, as discussed in Part I. These include insulator size, shape, surface material, surface quality, electric field improvement, and orientation.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Small-Angle Scattering Provide Evidence that Native Escherichia coli ClpP is a Tetradecamer with an Axial Pore (1995)

The Escherichia coli ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is composed of two distinct subunits; protease, ClpP, and ATPase, ClpA. Active ClpP has been overexpressed to approximately 50% of soluble protein in E. coli, and purified to homogeneity. Direct mass determination of individual particles using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) yields a mean native molecular mass of 305 +/- 9 kDa for the ClpP oligomer, suggesting that it has a tetradecameric structure. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves were determined for ClpP in solution at concentrations of 1-10 mg/mL. A combination of STEM and SAXS data was used to derive a model for ClpP, comprising a cylindrical oligomer about 100 A in diameter and about 75 A in height with an axial pore about 32-36 A in diameter. The volume of the pore is estimated to be approximately 70,000 A3, similar in size to those found in chaperone proteins, and is large enough to accommodate unfolded polypeptide chains, although most globular folded proteins would be excluded.
A Eukaryotic-Type Protein Kinase, SpkA, Is Required for Normal Motility of the Unicellular Cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2001)

The genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 comprises many open reading frames (ORFs) which putatively encode eukaryotic-type protein kinase and protein phosphatase. Based on gene disruption analysis, a region of the hypothetical ORF sll1575, which retained a part of the protein kinase motif, was found to be required for normal motility in the original isolate of strain PCC 6803. Sequence determination revealed that in this strain sll1575 was part of a gene (designated spkA) which harbored an entire eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr protein kinase motif. Strain ATCC 27184 and a glucose-tolerant strain derived from the same isolate as the PCC strain had a frameshift mutation dividing spkA into ORFs sll1574 and sll1575. The structural integrity of spkA agreed well with the motility phenotype, determined by colony morphology on agar plates. The spkA gene was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged protein, which was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography. With [gamma-32P]ATP, SpkA was autophosphorylated and transferred the phosphate group to casein, myelin basic protein, and histone. SpkA also phosphorylated several proteins in the membrane fraction of Synechocystis cells. These results suggest that SpkA is a eukaryotic-type Ser/Thr protein kinase and regulates cellular motility via phosphorylation of the membrane proteins in Synechocystis.
Bonding mechanism in the nitrides<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and TiN: An experimental and theoretical investigation (2007)

The electronic structure of nanolaminate ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}$ and TiN thin films has been investigated by bulk-sensitive soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. The measured Ti ${L}_{2,3}$, N $K$, Al ${L}_{1}$, and Al ${L}_{2,3}$ emission spectra are compared with calculated spectra using ab initio density-functional theory including dipole transition-matrix elements. Three different types of bond regions are identified; a relatively weak $\mathrm{Ti}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Al}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3p$ bonding between $\ensuremath{-}1$ and $\ensuremath{-}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ below the Fermi level, and $\mathrm{Ti}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{N}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2p$ and $\mathrm{Ti}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{N}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}2s$ bondings which are deeper in energy observed at $\ensuremath{-}4.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and $\ensuremath{-}15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ below the Fermi level, respectively. A strongly modified spectral shape of $3s$ states of Al ${L}_{2,3}$ emission from ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}$ in comparison with pure Al metal is found, which reflects the $\mathrm{Ti}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Al}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3p$ hybridization observed in the Al ${L}_{1}$ emission. The differences between the electronic and crystal structures of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}$ and TiN are discussed in relation to the intercalated Al layers of the former compound and the change of the materials properties in comparison with the isostructural carbides.
An analysis of the magnetotelluric impedance for three-dimensional conductivity structures (1985)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985An analysis of the magnetotelluric impedance for three‐dimensional conductivity structuresAuthors: G. A. LaTorracaT. R. MaddenJ. KorringaG. A. LaTorracaChevron Oil Field Research, T. R. MaddenM. I. T., and J. KorringaChevron Oil Field Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892687 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1985ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1985 Pages: 643 publication data© 1985 Copyright © 1985 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION G. A. LaTorraca, T. R. Madden, and J. Korringa, (1985), "An analysis of the magnetotelluric impedance for three‐dimensional conductivity structures," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 267-271. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892687 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...