gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds in primate hippocampus (2018)

There is a critical need for translating basic science discoveries into new therapeutics for patients suffering from difficult to treat neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, a target-agnostic in vivo screen in mice identified P7C3 aminopropyl carbazole as capable of enhancing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis by protecting young neurons from death. Subsequently, neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds in a broad spectrum of preclinical rodent models has also been observed. An important next step in translating this work to patients is to determine whether P7C3 compounds exhibit similar efficacy in primates. Adult male rhesus monkeys received daily oral P7C3-A20 or vehicle for 38 weeks. During weeks 2-11, monkeys received weekly injection of 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label newborn cells, the majority of which would normally die over the following 27 weeks. BrdU+ cells were quantified using unbiased stereology. Separately in mice, the proneurogenic efficacy of P7C3-A20 was compared to that of NSI-189, a proneurogenic drug currently in clinical trials for patients with major depression. Orally-administered P7C3-A20 provided sustained plasma exposure, was well-tolerated, and elevated the survival of hippocampal BrdU+ cells in nonhuman primates without adverse central or peripheral tissue effects. In mice, NSI-189 was shown to be pro-proliferative, and P7C3-A20 elevated the net magnitude of hippocampal neurogenesis to a greater degree than NSI-189 through its distinct mechanism of promoting neuronal survival. This pilot study provides evidence that P7C3-A20 safely protects neurons in nonhuman primates, suggesting that the neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds is likely to translate to humans as well.
Visible Light-Mediated Intermolecular C−H Functionalization of Electron-Rich Heterocycles with Malonates (2010)

The photoredox-mediated direct intermolecular C-H functionalization of substituted indoles, pyrroles, and furans with diethyl bromomalonate is described, utilizing the visible light-induced reductive quenching pathway of Ru(bpy)(3)Cl(2). An analysis of reductive quenchers and mechanistic considerations has led to an optimized protocol for the heteroaromatic alkylations, providing products in good yields and regioselectivities, as well as successfully eliminating previously observed competitive side reactions. This methodology is highlighted by its neutral conditions, activity at ambient temperatures, low catalyst loading, functional group tolerance, and chemoselectivity.
A method to improve application launch performance in Android devices (2016)

Even after the introduction of Android Runtime (ART) in the latest release of Android Lollipop, Android Operating System still struggles in areas such as application launch time, especially during sluggish or memory crunch situations. When a new application is launched in a sluggish condition, low memory killer (LMK) gets initiated in order to free some memory by killing the already running applications. The current LMK approach kills application based on how recently it was used. This approach does not consider various other user scenarios such as how frequently the application was launched or how important that application is to user. In our proposed solution, we aim to improve user experience by reducing or removing the delay at memory crunch situations with efficient use of LMK.
Next-Generation Sand Screen Enables Drill-In Sandface Completions (2008)

Abstract Following successful field applications of solid-liner drill-in systems, efforts now focus on drill-in sand screen liners. This paper will discuss enabling technologies to meet the peculiar challenges of drill-in sand screen liners. The screen liner must contain pressure when drilling to allow circulation through the bit and wellbore inflow during production. The screen's filtration media must also be protected from possible plugging during drilling. Rotating the screen liner to allow circulation may damage screens, so a drilling motor at the bottom of the liner drives the bit. Conveying fluid to the motor using a conventional inner circulating string may add sufficient weight to significantly limit horizontal and highly deviated well angles. This paper addresses a technology that temporarily blocks flow through the screens during drilling to allow a pressure-tight circulation path through the liner to the motor without the need for an inner circulation string. Once drilling is complete and the liner is in place, the screen joints are simultaneously opened using hydraulic pressure applied within the liner, and the well is ready to be put on production. Temporarily closing off of the screen joints also has additional applications, such as simultaneously setting hydraulically-set open-hole packers without an inner circulating string. The paper also discusses a time- and temperature-sensitive protective film applied to the screens during fabrication to prevent fluid egress into the filtration media until the film dissolves. Sufficient time for dissolution is designed into the film to allow the liner to be drilled into place while protecting the screen's filtration media from possible plugging during drilling. Testing and applications of these technologies are discussed, along with economic advantages resulting from savings in rig time and improved success rates for properly placing screen liners. Operational aspects associated with this new system are outlined with regard to system components and job design.
Wide Deterministic Nulling by Means of Multiplicative Array Techniques (1981)

A method is proposed for suppressing extended clutter in "a priori" known region of space (e.g. along horizon) by means of an additional attenuation of antenna sidelobes. The reduction of antenna sidelobes is obtained through the non-linear control of a certain number of array elements. The method derives from multiplicative array theory. The system performance has been assessed by comparing the signal-to-noise power ratio of the multiplicative array with that obtained with an additive array followed by a square-law detector. Moreover, the clutter attenuation has been evaluated. The problem of cross-product terms in a complex multitarget environment is briefly revised. Finally, the random aperture errors and the multipliction accuracy are considered in the performance evaluation.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Responsive to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1993)

Two female patients with recent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are reported. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography. Immunosuppressive therapy was started at the time of diagnosis of SLE. After 2 months of therapy, Doppler echocardiography was repeated and the estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure was substantially decreased from 78 to 42 mmHg and from 67 to 42 mmHg, respectively, along with significant improvement of the clinical conditions.
Probability Collectives for Optimization of Computer Simulations (2007)

A significant body of research under the rubric of blackbox optimization addresses the problem of optimization in a design space where the designs are evaluated by a computer simulation. For many such simulations, conventional local optimization methods prove inadequate, owing to the presence of local minima, local non-smoothness, and so on. A more effective approach would learn the global characteristics of the design space, and sample from disparate regions as it progresses. Several probabilistic approaches to this problem are based on the following idea: during the course of any search process, our partial knowledge of the design space grows as we evaluate a growing number of designs, and this knowledge can be elegantly expressed in terms of probability distributions. This is usually done using surrogate models, or data fits. We would like to use this partial knowledge to lead us to promising new designs, and this involves searching the data fit for points where the uncertainty of the fit, in conjunction with the fit itself, indicates a good chance of finding a improved design. This is the basis for the well-known Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm. This task can be regarded as an auxiliary optimization problem, but one that has some undesirable characteristics, including large flat regions and multiple local optima. Previous solution approaches have included branch and bound (the EGO algorithm), and local optimization with multi-start. In this paper, we present a new approach, itself based on probability distributions. Probability Collectives (PC) is an optimization framework in which a given optimization problem is transformed to one over probability distributions. This transformation often enables us to overcome problems such as local non-smoothness and multiple local optima. One particular PC approach is closely related to function smoothing and filtering. Our formulation is a type of Monte Carlo Optimization, often encountered in machine learning algorithms. We briefly introduce this approach, and apply it to the auxiliary optimization problem described above. Finally, we compare this technique with other algorithms, including a heuristic sampling algorithm, and a genetic algorithm.
Memory and Information Processing in Neuromorphic Systems (2015)

A striking difference between brain-inspired neuromorphic processors and current von Neumann processor architectures is the way in which memory and processing is organized. As information and communication technologies continue to address the need for increased computational power through the increase of cores within a digital processor, neuromorphic engineers and scientists can complement this need by building processor architectures where memory is distributed with the processing. In this paper, we present a survey of brain-inspired processor architectures that support models of cortical networks and deep neural networks. These architectures range from serial clocked implementations of multineuron systems to massively parallel asynchronous ones and from purely digital systems to mixed analog/digital systems which implement more biological-like models of neurons and synapses together with a suite of adaptation and learning mechanisms analogous to the ones found in biological nervous systems. We describe the advantages of the different approaches being pursued and present the challenges that need to be addressed for building artificial neural processing systems that can display the richness of behaviors seen in biological systems.
Preliminary Data from a Field Trial of the PFA-100™ System (1995)

The PFA-100 system (Dade International Inc., Miami, FL) is a platelet function analyzer, the design of which is based on the technology of the Thrombostat 4000 VDG, Seeon, Germany. It was developed to measure primary, platelet dependent hemostasis in citrated whole blood in vitro. A first pilot study was conducted with the instrument to assess performance characteristics. Healthy subjects (normals) who had not ingested any medications, and patients (abnormals) with primary, platelet-related hemostasis defects, which included users of aspirin, were studied with two test cartridges; collagen/ADP and collagen/epinephrine. Before the study certain variables were tested that ascertained that blood drawn into either 3.8% or 3.2% sodium citrate containing vacutainers (rather than syringes) could be used for testing. Tests must be performed within a five-hour time span from drawing to testing, and blood must be kept at room temperature. Normal reference values were 77-133 seconds closure times for collagen/ADP and 98-185 seconds for collagen/epinephrine. Precision testing revealed a CV of < 10% for within-day and between-day (five days) analyses on collagen/ADP cartridges and a CV of 5-14% for both runs on the collagen/epinephrine cartridges. No clinically important differences were found between measurements in the two positions of the instrument, although one follows the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hairless 마우스에서 2-methacryloyloxyethy1 phosphorylcholine (MPC)의 피부장벽 손상 개선 효과 (2012)

To investigate the improving effect of 2-methacryloyloxyethy1 phosphoryl-choline (MPC) on skin barrier damage, skin irritation animal model was produced by the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the backs of hairless mice for 1 week. And experimental materials were applied topically for 1 week during the same period. At the 7th day of experiment, positive control (PC, sodium hyaluronate 1%) and experimental groups [E1, C/L Poly (AA-Co-MPC 3w%) 0.5%; E2, C/L Poly (AA-Co-MPC 5w%) 0.5%, E3, C/L Poly (AA-Co-MPC 10w%) 0.5%] had significantly (p?0.05) lower values of both skin erythema index and water capacity than the vehicle control [VC, C/L Poly (AA) 0.5%] group. E2 and E3 groups had significantly (p?0.05) lower values of transepidermal water loss than the VC group. The appearance of mast cells in dermal and subcutaneous layers was remarkably reduced in E1, E2 and E3 groups compared to the VC group. It is found that MPC is effective in skin barrier damage in hairless mouse.
Iodine Quantification With Dual-Energy CT: Phantom Study and Preliminary Experience With Renal Masses (2011)

Iodine quantification with dual-source dual-energy MDCT is accurate in a phantom and can be used to determine the presence and concentration of iodine in a renal lesion. Characterization of renal masses may be possible with a single dual-source dual-energy MDCT acquisition without unenhanced images or reliance on a change in attenuation measurements.
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, in vitro expression, and immunoprecipitation of the major inner capsid protein of the IDIR strain of group B rotavirus (GBR) (1992)

The sixth genomic segment of the infectious diarrhea of infant rats (IDIR) strain of group B rotavirus (GBR) was cloned from double-stranded RNA purified from infected rat feces. Sequence comparison with group A rotaviruses (GAR) and the human ADRV strain of GBR indicated that IDIR gene 6 encoded the major inner capsid protein. The nucleic acid sequences of the two GBR genes were 72.9% conserved, and 83.4% of the amino acids were identical. Sequence substitutions between IDIR and ADRV were more numerous than reported for heterologous GAR strains, indicating that the two GBR strains may have diverged from one another over a longer period of time. Despite the sequence heterogeneity exhibited by the major inner capsid proteins of ADRV and IDIR, hydrophilicity plots of the two gene products were nearly indistinguishable. The GBR hydrophilicity plots displayed little similarity with those of rotavirus groups A or C, indicating substantial differences in the structures of those major inner capsid proteins. In vitro transcription and translation of IDIR gene 6 yielded a polypeptide product consistent in size with that predicted from the deduced amino acid sequence and the virion major inner capsid protein. The IDIR 6 polypeptide was immunoprecipitated by antisera directed against IDIR as well as antisera directed against ADRV and a heterologous bovine strain of GBR. No immunoprecipitation was observed with control sera or antisera directed against GAR. These results confirmed that group-specific epitopes were displayed by the major inner capsid protein encoded by IDIR gene 6. Reactivity with heterologous GBR antisera also indicated that the IDIR gene 6 product may prove useful as a standard reagent in immunoassays for the detection of GBR.
Risk Management: Value at Risk and Beyond (2002)

The use of derivative products in risk management has spread from commodities, stocks and fixed income items, to such virtual commodities as energy, weather and bandwidth. All this can give rise to so-called volatility and there has been a consequent development in formal risk management techniques to cover all types of risk: market, credit, liquidity, etc. One of these techniques, Value at Risk, was developed specifically to help manage market risk over short periods. Its success led, somewhat controversially, to its take up and extension to credit risk over longer time-scales. This extension, ultimately not successful, led to the collapse of a number of institutions. The present book, which was originally published in 2002, by some of the leading figures in risk management, examines the complex issues that concern the stability of the global financial system by presenting a mix of theory and practice
Magnetic resonance cardiac tagging: visualization of LV function parameters (2002)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tissue tagging allows the non-invasive placement of magnetic markers into the myocardium. These tags appear as black lines and remain visible on the myocardium during the cardiac cycle. A semi-automatic segmentation tool is used to delineate the tags. A tagging analysis program calculates from these time-varying tag coordinates several LV functional parameters: e.g. radius of curvature, torsion, and many shear and other strains. For accurate interpretation of the LV function, combining this information is necessary. The authors present two visualization techniques that offer an integrated three-dimensional display of these data, in order to alleviate their inspection: the "Morphological Color-Labeled Surfaces", in which the spatial coordinates of the LV are preserved, and the "3D Polar Maps", which are an extension of the well-known (2D) polar maps or "bull's eyes".
Protonated Benzofuran, Anthracene, Naphthalene, Benzene, Ethene, and Ethyne:  Measurements and Estimates of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>and p<i>K</i><sub>R</sub> (2002)

Aqueous solvolyses of acyl derivatives of hydrates (water adducts) of anthracene and benzofuran yield carbocations which undergo competitive deprotonation to form the aromatic molecules and nucleophilic reaction with water to give the aromatic hydrates. Trapping experiments with azide ions yield rate constants k(p) for the deprotonation and k(H2O) for the nucleophilic reaction based on the "azide clock". Combining these with rate constants for (a) the H(+)-catalyzed reaction of the hydrate to form the carbocation and (b) hydrogen isotope exchange of the aromatic molecule (from the literature) yields pK(R) = -6.0 and -9.4 and pK(a) = -13.5 and -16.3 for the protonated anthracene and protonated benzofuran, respectively. These pK values may be compared with pK(R) = -6.7 for naphthalene hydrate (1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene), extrapolated to water from measurements by Pirinccioglu and Thibblin for acetonitrile-water mixtures, and pK(a) = -20.4 for the 2-protonated naphthalene from combining k(p) with an exchange rate constant. The differences between pK(R) and pK(a) correspond to pK(H2O), the equilibrium constant for hydration of the aromatic molecule (pK(H2O) = pK(R) - pK(a)). For naphthalene and anthracene values of pK(H2O) = +13.7 and +7.5 compare with independent estimates of +14.2 and +7.4. For benzene, pK(a) = -24.3 is derived from an exchange rate constant and an assigned value for the reverse rate constant close to the limit for solvent relaxation. Combining this pK(a) with calculated values of pK(H2O) gives pK(R) = -2.4 and -2.1 for protonated benzenes forming 1,2- and 1,4-hydrates, respectively. Coincidentally, the rate constant for protonation of benzene is similar to those for protonation of ethylene and acetylene (Lucchini, V.; Modena, G. J. Am. Chem Soc. 1990, 112, 6291). Values of pK(a) for the ethyl and vinyl cations (-24.8) may thus be derived in the same way as that for the benzenonium ion. Combining these with appropriate values of pK(H2O) then yields pK(R) = -39.8 and -29.6 for the vinyl and ethyl cations, respectively.
High-definition video-based multi-channel top-view vehicle surrounding monitoring system for mobile navigation devices (2013)

Providing visual information around automobile can make drivers blind-spot-free, which is helpful for several occasions such as parking, lane change and backward movement. In this paper, the vehicle surrounding monitoring system with multiple channel high-definition (HD) videos, which is embedded in portable navigation devices, is presented. The system collects three channel video inputs from rear, left, and right side of the vehicle, transforms each inputs into top-view image, respectively. Finally, the transformed outputs are aligned, and then displayed on the screen for assisting the driver. Implementation and its results showed that the system provides HD vehicle surrounding monitoring video which is helpful especially in parking assistance.
A Method for Obtaining Three-Dimensional Structural Information about Protein Molecules in Solution (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Method for Obtaining Three-Dimensional Structural Information about Protein Molecules in SolutionMartin. Saunders, Herbert A. Jung, and William L. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 2, 472–473Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00978a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00978a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy-Efficient Strategies for Cooperative Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

An opportunistic large array (OLA) is a group of simple, inexpensive relays or forwarding nodes that operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to energy received from a single source or another OLA. Therefore, OLAs do a form of cooperative transmission. OLAs, when used for broadcasting, form concentric rings around the source, and have been shown to use less energy than conventional multi-hop protocols. This paper proposes two energy efficient schemes: OLA-T for general OLA transmission and OLACRA for upstream routing in the topology of wireless sensor networks. OLA-T uses a transmission threshold to suppress nodes that would make weak contributions. OLA Concentric Routing Algorithm (OLACRA) exploits the concentric ring shapes of broadcast OLAs to limit flooding on the upstream connection. OLACRA-T is OLACRA with a transmission threshold. OLACRA-T and other variations of OLACRA are evaluated in terms of energy savings relative to a full flooding approach and probability of successful upstream routing. OLA-T and OLACRA-T are shown to save over 50% and 75%, respectively, of the energy relative to OLA flooding.