gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microémulsification et biocompatibilité d'un radioprotecteur hydrophile et d'un transporteur d'oxygène hydrophobe (1990)

Dans des domaines aussi divers que la recherche pharmaceutique, cosmetologique, agroalimentaire ou l'emploi de pesticices. . . Etc. , le premier acte essentiel consiste a preparer ou isoler le principe actif responsable de la propriete recherchee. Mais ensuite, ce principe actif doit etre place dans les meilleures conditions d'utilisation, et la discipline qui permet ce passage est celle de la formulation. Nous avons retenu comme milieu formulateur les microemulsions et nous avons choisi de formuler deux composes utilisables en therapeutique qui appartiennent a deux classes de produits opposes: 1) un compose tres hydrophile: le radioprotecteur wr 2721 de formule nh#2(ch#2)#3nh(ch#2)#2-spo#3h#2 qui est d'un grand interet dans le traitement de cancers et dans la protection des individus en cas de conflit nucleaire car il protege selectivement les tissus normaux; 2) un compose tres hydrophobe: une huile c#8f#1#7ch#2ch=chc#4h#9 a longue chaine fluoree utilisee comme transporteur d'oxygene. Les microemulsions realisees avec cette huile peuvent etre utilisees comme substitut artificiel du sang
360. The preparation of some pyrazole derivatives (1959)

I. L. Finar and G. H. Lord, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1819 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001819
Sequence logos, machine/channel capacity, Maxwell's demon, and molecular computers: a review of the theory of molecular machines (1994)

Living cells contain many molecules which can make simple decisions, such as whether to bind to a particular nucleotide sequence or not. A theory describing the practical limits of these molecular machines is reviewed. Level 0 theory uses Shannon's information theory to study genetic control systems. Level 1 theory uses Shannon's channel capacity theorem to explain how these biological molecules are able to make their decisions precisely in the face of the thermal maelstrom surrounding them. Level 2 theory shows how the Second Law of Thermodynamics defines the exact extent of the choices available to a molecular machine when it dissipates a given amount of energy. Even the famous Maxwell demon must obey this result. The theory also has implications for designing molecular computers.
Divergent phosphorylation pattern of tau in P301L tau transgenic mice (2008)

Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau are prominent in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). They have been reproduced in animal models following the identification of tau mutations in familial cases of FTD. This includes our previously generated transgenic model, pR5, which expresses FTD (P301L) mutant tau in neurons. The mice are characterized by tau aggregation including tangle (NFT) formation, memory impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. In 8-month-old mice, S422 phosphorylation of tau is linked to NFT formation, however, a detailed analysis of tau solubility, phosphorylation and aggregation has not been done nor have the mice been monitored until a high age. Here, we undertook an analysis by immunohistochemistry, Gallyas impregnation and Western blotting of brains from 3 month- up to 20 month-old mice. NFTs first appeared at 6 months in the amygdala, followed by the CA1 region of the hippocampus. As the mice get older, the solubility of tau is decreased as determined by sequential extractions. Histological analysis revealed increased phosphorylation at the AT180, AT270 and 12E8 epitopes with ageing. The numbers of AT8-positive neurons increased from 3 to 6 months old. However, whereas S422 appeared only late and concomitantly with NFT formation, the only neurons left with AT8-reactivity at 20 months were those that had undergone NFT formation. As hyperphosphorylated tau continued to accumulate, the lack of AT8-reactivity suggests regulatory mechanisms in specifically dephosphorylating the AT8 epitope in the remaining neurons. Thus, differential regulation of phosphorylation is important for NFT formation in neurodegenerative diseases with tau pathology.
Analysis of the error probability and stopping time of the MAPAS procedure (1996)

International audience
Cloning and characterization of the CYS3 (CYI1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

A DNA fragment containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYS3 (CYI1) gene was cloned. The clone had a single open reading frame of 1,182 bp (394 amino acid residues). By comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of cystathionine gamma-lyase, CYS3 (CYI1) was concluded to be the structural gene for this enzyme. In addition, the deduced sequence showed homology with the following enzymes: rat cystathionine gamma-lyase (41%), Escherichia coli cystathionine gamma-synthase (36%), and cystathionine beta-lyase (25%). The N-terminal half of it was homologous (39%) with the N-terminal half of S. cerevisiae O-acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase. The cloned CYS3 (CYI1) gene marginally complemented the E. coli metB mutation (cystathionine gamma-synthase deficiency) and conferred cystathionine gamma-synthase activity as well as cystathionine gamma-lyase activity to E. coli; cystathionine gamma-synthase activity was detected when O-succinylhomoserine but not O-acetylhomoserine was used as substrate. We therefore conclude that S. cerevisiae cystathionine gamma-lyase and E. coli cystathionine gamma-synthase are homologous in both structure and in vitro function and propose that their different in vivo functions are due to the unavailability of O-succinylhomoserine in S. cerevisiae and the scarceness of cystathionine in E. coli.
Is there a little PNH in all of us? (2005)

Comment on Hu et al, page [3848][1]

Cells with PNH-like characteristics can be selected and grown in vitro from CD34+ progenitors isolated from healthy donors. These findings suggest that PIGA mutations develop during normal hematopoietic differentiation and are not sufficient for the development
Performance evaluation of fingerprint verification systems (2006)

This paper is concerned with the performance evaluation of fingerprint verification systems. After an initial classification of biometric testing initiatives, we explore both the theoretical and practical issues related to performance evaluation by presenting the outcome of the recent Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC2004). FVC2004 was organized by the authors of this work for the purpose of assessing the state-of-the-art in this challenging pattern recognition application and making available a new common benchmark for an unambiguous comparison of fingerprint-based biometric systems. FVC2004 is an independent, strongly supervised evaluation performed at the evaluators' site on evaluators' hardware. This allowed the test to be completely controlled and the computation times of different algorithms to be fairly compared. The experience and feedback received from previous, similar competitions (FVC2000 and FVC2002) allowed us to improve the organization and methodology of FVC2004 and to capture the attention of a significantly higher number of academic and commercial organizations (67 algorithms were submitted for FVC2004). A new, "Light" competition category was included to estimate the loss of matching performance caused by imposing computational constraints. This paper discusses data collection and testing protocols, and includes a detailed analysis of the results. We introduce a simple but effective method for comparing algorithms at the score level, allowing us to isolate difficult cases (images) and to study error correlations and algorithm "fusion." The huge amount of information obtained, including a structured classification of the submitted algorithms on the basis of their features, makes it possible to better understand how current fingerprint recognition systems work and to delineate useful research directions for the future.
From Falx to Fingertips: An Exercise in Mind-Body Awareness Through Acupuncture (2016)

This is a subjective account of an acupuncture treatment that includes a brief scientific exploration of its mechanisms of action. Additionally, connections are made between acupuncture and osteopathic manual manipulation, yoga, and meditation.
Thallium-201 for medical use. I. (1975)

Thallium-201 merits evaluation for myocardial visualization, kidney studies, and tumor diagnosis because of its physical and biologic properties. A method is described for preparation of this radiopharmaceutical for human use. A critical evaluation of 201Tl and other radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial visualization is given.
Cooperation of Yeast Peroxiredoxins Tsa1p and Tsa2p in the Cellular Defense against Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress (2002)

Peroxiredoxins are a family of antioxidant enzymes conserved from bacteria to humans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there exist five peroxiredoxins, among which Tsa2p shares striking homology with the well described Tsa1p but has not been extensively studied. Here we report on the functional characterization of yeast tsa2Delta mutants and the comparison of TSA1 with TSA2. The tsa2Delta and tsa1Delta tsa2Delta cells grew normally under aerobic conditions. However, the tsa1Delta tsa2Delta mutant yeast was more susceptible to oxidants than either tsa1Delta or tsa2Delta cells. Notably, the tsa1Delta tsa2Delta yeast was also hypersensitive to peroxynitrite and sodium nitroprusside. This phenotype was rescued by the expression of either the TSA1 or TSA2 gene. The demonstration of a peroxynitrite reductase activity of Tsa2p in vitro points to a pivotal role for peroxiredoxins in the protection against nitrosative stress. In yeast cells, Tsa1p and Tsa2p exhibited comparable antioxidant activity. While the basal expression level of TSA1 was significantly higher than that of TSA2, the transcription of TSA2 was stimulated more potently by various oxidants. In addition, TSA2 was activated in tsa1Delta cells in a Yap1p-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings implicate the cooperation of Tsa1p and Tsa2p in the cellular defense against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Al2O3-based nanofluids: a review (2011)

Ultrahigh performance cooling is one of the important needs of many industries. However, low thermal conductivity is a primary limitation in developing energy-efficient heat transfer fluids that are required for cooling purposes. Nanofluids are engineered by suspending nanoparticles with average sizes below 100 nm in heat transfer fluids such as water, oil, diesel, ethylene glycol, etc. Innovative heat transfer fluids are produced by suspending metallic or nonmetallic nanometer-sized solid particles. Experiments have shown that nanofluids have substantial higher thermal conductivities compared to the base fluids. These suspended nanoparticles can change the transport and thermal properties of the base fluid. As can be seen from the literature, extensive research has been carried out in alumina-water and CuO-water systems besides few reports in Cu-water-, TiO2-, zirconia-, diamond-, SiC-, Fe3O4-, Ag-, Au-, and CNT-based systems. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in research on the stability of nanofluids, enhancement of thermal conductivities, viscosity, and heat transfer characteristics of alumina (Al2O3)-based nanofluids. The Al2O3 nanoparticles varied in the range of 13 to 302 nm to prepare nanofluids, and the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity is 2% to 36%.
NrrA, a nitrogen‐responsive response regulator facilitates heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp. strain PCC 7120 (2006)

The heterocyst is a specialized cell for nitrogen fixation in the filamentous cyanobacteria, and its development is triggered by limitation of combined nitrogen in the medium. During heterocyst development, patterns of gene expression change dramatically. We identified seven genes encoding transcriptional regulators that were upregulated by nitrogen deprivation in Anabaena PCC 7120, using an Anabaena oligonucleotide microarray. Among them, the nrrA gene, which encodes a response regulator of the OmpR family with a DNA-binding domain, has shown the most prominent induction after nitrogen deprivation. Expression of nrrA increased all through the filaments within 3 h of nitrogen deprivation and became higher in proheterocysts than in vegetative cells after 12 h. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of nrrA indicated that the induction of nrrA depended on NtcA, which is the global nitrogen regulator in cyanobacteria. In the nrrA deletion mutant, heterocyst development was delayed and the induction of hetR, which is the master gene in regulation of heterocyst development, was diminished up to 24 h nitrogen deprivation. It is concluded that nrrA facilitates heterocyst development.
High–resolution crystal structure of deoxy hemoglobin complexed with a potent allosteric effector (2001)

The crystal structure of human deoxy hemoglobin (Hb) complexed with a potent allosteric effector (2-[4-[[(3,5-dimethylanilino)carbonyl]methyl]phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid) = RSR-13) is reported at 1.85 A resolution. Analysis of the hemoglobin:effector complex indicates that two of these molecules bind to the central water cavity of deoxy Hb in a symmetrical fashion, and that each constrains the protein by engaging in hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with three of its four subunits. Interestingly, we also find that water-mediated interactions between the bound effectors and the protein make significant contributions to the overall binding. Physiologically, the interaction of RSR-13 with Hb results in increased oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues. Thus, this compound has potential therapeutic application in the treatment of hypoxia, ischemia, and trauma-related blood loss. Currently, RSR-13 is in phase III clinical trials as a radiosensitizing agent in the treatment of brain tumors. A detailed structural analysis of this compound complexed with deoxy Hb has important implications for the rational design of future analogs.
Ultrahigh-Sensitive and CMOS Compatible ISFET Developed in BEOL of Industrial UTBB FDSOI (2018)

The industrialization of ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) has been constrained due mainly to the limited sensitivity, and inclusion of bulky reference electrode. With this paper, we report an ultrahigh-sensitive and CMOS compatible ISFET in which the need for the reference electrode is eliminated. Based on an industrial UTBB FDSOI device in BEOL, we obtained an ultrahigh sensitivity of 730 mV/pH which is 12-times higher than the Nernst limit. Integrating the sensing area and the control gate in the BEOL of UTBB FDSOI transistors with a capacitive divider circuit, and using the back biasing feature of such devices, we could eliminate the necessity of the reference electrode making our sensor highly scalable and ideal for the IoT. This is the first demonstration of an integrated pH sensor in the BEOL of FDSOI platform. The measurements on fabricated sensors have also been validated by modeling and simulation.
High-Speed Arithmetic Arrays (1979)

High-speed multifunction arithmetic arrays for multiplication, division, square and square-root operations are presented in this paper. These arrays seem attractive due to their versatility and speed. A recently described quotient-bit evaluation technique that uses the carry-save method in a nonuniform division array is extended here for the restoring-division process. This array includes the multiplication process as well, and the division time approaches that of multiplication. The design objective of multifunctional arithmetic arrays precludes consideration of other high-speed division techniques. A further extension of the restoring division process is shown to make the design of an array for square/square-root operation straightforward. The two underlying arrays can be coalesced to perform any one of the four operations. Possible methods of merging the arrays, with their relative merits, are also discussed. For illustration purposes, complete internal details of such a generalized pipelined array for 4-bit operation is included in this paper. Due consideration is also given to the possibility of large-scale integration of the different arrays illustrated in this paper.
Kinetic Controlled Synthesis of pH-Responsive Network Alginate (2008)

Alginates are of considerable interest in the fields of biotechnology and biomedical engineering. To enable the control of properties generally not possible with the native polymer, we have chemically modified alginate with dialdehyde via acid-catalyzed acetalization. The kinetics of acetalization measured through equilibrium swelling of the networked polymer were found to undergo a zero- and second-order reaction with respect to alginate and dialdehyde, respectively. With the determined rate constant of 19.06 microL x mole(-1) x s(-1) at 40 degrees C and activation energy of 78.58 kJ x mol(-1), a proposed predictive reaction model may be used a priori to select reaction conditions providing specific polymer properties. Gel swelling and average pore size were then able to be controlled between 80-1000-fold and 35-840 nm, respectively, by predictive estimation of reagent concentration and formulation conditions. This semisynthetic but natural polymer is stimuli-responsive exhibiting high water absorbency and may potentially be used as drug delivery vehicle for protein therapeutics.
An Agent-Based Anomaly Detection Architecture for Condition Monitoring (2005)

Online diagnostics and online condition monitoring are important functions within the operation and maintenance of a power plant. When there is knowledge of the relationships between the raw data and the underlying phenomena within the plant item, typical intelligent system-based interpretation algorithms can be implemented. Increasingly, health data is captured without any underlying knowledge concerning the link between the data and their relationship to physical and electrical phenomena within the plant item. This leads to the requirement for dynamic and learning condition monitoring systems that are able to determine the expected and normal plant behavior over time. This paper describes how multi-agent system technology can be used as the underpinning platform for such condition monitoring systems. This is demonstrated through a prototype multi-agent anomaly detection system applied to a 2.5-MW diesel engine driven alternator system.
The migration process of mobile agents : implementation, classification, and optimization (2003)

Mobile Agenten stellen ein neues faszinierendes Design-Paradigma für den Aufbau und die Programmierung von verteilten Systemen dar. Ein mobiler Agent ist eine Software-Entität, die von ihrem Besitzer mit einem Auftrag auf einem Knoten eines verteilten Systems gestartet wird und dann zur Laufzeit auf andere Knoten des Netzwerkes migriert. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den Migrationsprozess für mobile Agenten, dem in der Literatur bisher wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde, obwohl er die Ausführungsgeschwindigkeit eines Agenten entscheidend beeinflusst. Eine detaillierte Analyse der Netzbelastung von mobilen Agenten im Vergleich zum traditionellen Client-Server Ansatz in mehreren typischen Anwendungsszenarien zeigt das Potential von mobilen Agenten zur Verringerung von Verarbeitungszeiten. Allerdings zeigt die Analyse ebenso die Nachteile der in heutigen Agentensystemen verwendenten sehr einfachen Migrationstechniken. Es wird ein neues Migrationsmodell mit Namen Kalong vorgestellt, das den Nachteil der fehlenden Anpassbarkeit heutiger Agentensysteme beseitigt und dem Programmierer eines mobilen Agenten eine sehr flexible Technik für die Migration zur Verfügung stellt.
Disease-specific probabilistic brain atlases (2002)

Atlases of the human brain, in health and disease, provide a comprehensive framework for understanding brain structure and function. The complexity and variability of brain structure, especially in the gyral patterns of the human cortex, present challenges in creating standardized brain atlases that reflect the anatomy of a population. This paper introduces the concept of a population-based, disease-specific brain atlas that can reflect the unique anatomy and physiology of a particular clinical subpopulation. Based on well-characterized patient groups, disease-specific atlases contain thousands of structure models, composite maps, average templates, and visualizations of structural variability, asymmetry and group-specific differences. They correlate the structural, metabolic, molecular and histologic hallmarks of the disease. Rather than simply fusing information from multiple subjects and sources, new mathematical strategies are introduced to resolve group-specific features not apparent in individual scans. High-dimensional elastic mappings, based on covariant partial differential equations, are developed to encode patterns of cortical variation. In the resulting brain atlas, disease-specific features and regional asymmetries emerge that are not apparent in individual anatomies. The resulting probabilistic atlas can identify patterns of altered structure and function, and can guide algorithms for knowledge-based image analysis, automated image labeling, tissue classification, data mining and functional image analysis.
Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors group B from <i>Solanum palustre</i> (2007)

Five Kunitz protease inhibitor group B genes were isolated from the genome of the diploid non-tuber-forming potato species Solanum palustre. Three of five new genes share 99% identity to the published KPI-B genes from various cultivated potato accessions, while others exhibit 96% identity. Spls-KPI-B2 and Spls-KPI-B4 proteins contain unique substitutions of the most conserved residues usually involved to trypsin and chymotrypsin-specific binding sites of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI)-B, respectively. To test the inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin by Spls-KPI proteins, five of them were produced in E. coli purified using a Ni-sepharose resin and ion-exchange chromatography. All recombinant Spls-KPI-B inhibited trypsin; K(i) values ranged from 84.8 (Spls-KPI-B4), 345.5 (Spls-KPI-B1), and 1310.6 nM (Spls-KPI-B2) to 3883.5 (Spls-KPI-B5) and 8370 nM (Spls-KPI-B3). In addition, Spls-KPI-B1 and Spls-KPI-B4 inhibited chymotrypsin. These data suggest that regardless of substitutions of key active-center residues both Spls-KPI-B4 and Spls-KPI-B1 are functional trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors.
Experiments in Multiple-Baseline Stereo (1992)

This paper presents the results of our experiments with a unique multiple-baseline stereo technique. This algorithm for producing precise, unambiguous depth maps from a set of multiple stereo pairs was developed by Okutomi and Kanade. Early versions of the algorithm were shown to perform well under controlled conditions in the Calibrated Imaging Laboratory (CIL). in this paper, the algorithm is further applied to complex outdoor scenes with variable lighting conditions and large depth ranges. While Okutomi and Kanade used stereo pairs acquired by moving a camera horizontally, we also investigated the use of stereo pairs taken by moving a camera in both horizontal and vertical directions. The use of stereo images with two orthogonal baseline orientations removes ambiguity and increases precision without the problems associated with the orientation of the features in a scene. We also show that the shapes of the sum of squared-difference (SSD) curve indicates the reliability of the match, and suggest a method to classify matches into various types and to improve estimates when a false match occurs. Finally, results are presented to show the effectiveness of this algorithm and the classification method.