gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sound frequency analysis and the site of snoring in natural and induced sleep (2002)

The aim of this study was to compare the snoring sounds induced during sleep nasendoscopy, and to compare them with those of natural sleep using sound frequency spectra. The snoring of 16 subjects was digitally recorded during natural and induced sleep, noting the site of vibration during sleep nasendoscopy. Patients with palatal snoring during sleep nasendoscopy had a median peak frequency at 137 Hz (118 snore samples). The peak frequency of tongue-base snoring was 1243 Hz (10 snore samples), and simultaneous palate and tongue was 190 Hz (six snore samples). The median power ratios were 7, 0.2 and 5 respectively. The centre frequencies were 371, 1094 and 404 Hz respectively. Epiglottic snores had a peak frequency of 490 Hz (five snore samples). Comparison of the induced (n = 118) and natural (n = 300) snore samples of the 12 palatal snorers showed a significant difference in both the power ratio and centre frequencies (P = 0.031 and P = 0.049). The peak frequency position was similar (P = 0.34). Our results indicate that induced snores contain a higher frequency component of sound, not evident during natural snoring. This is consistent with an element of tongue-base snoring. Although there is good correlation generally, sleep nasendoscopy may not accurately reflect natural snoring.
FPGA-Based Accelerator for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for the SPARK Environment (2016)

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks are known for their high performance. However, their complexity is one of their most challenging aspects. In this paper, we propose a design of an FPGA-based accelerator for the distributed training of convolutional neural networks. The accelerator is intended for use in the SPARK run time environment to accelerate the training of deep convolutional neural networks in the data center. Our accelerator is very energy efficient and achieves 40 to 250 times speedup in the computation of the multi-layer convolution operation, a key operation in the training/inference of deep networks.
Exendin-4 attenuates lipopolysaccharides induced inflammatory response but does not protects H9c2 cells from apoptosis (2011)

Exendin-4 exerts an effect on cardiomyoblast exposed to LPS by inhibiting mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators and suppressing NF-κB activation. These effects are consistent with some of the observed anti-inflammatory properties of exendin-4, as well as its beneficial actions on the cardiovascular system.
Process Research and Development for the Production of Intermediates for the Synthesis of Carbocyclic Nucleosides (1997)

The synthesis of [3aR,4S,6R,6aS]-6-amino-N-ethyltetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta-1,3-dioxole-4-carboxamide, a key single enantiomer intermediate to carbocyclic nucleosides such as adenosine agonists, is reported involving a scalable catalytic osmium tetraoxide dihydroxylation of (−)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one. The acetonide-protected diol [3aS,4R,7S,7aR]-tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-4,7-methano-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-c]pyridin-6(3aH)-one is subject to lactam ring opening with anhydrous ethylamine to give the carbocyclic key intermediate. The rate of this known reaction, carried out in a pressure vessel, is considerably enhanced by acid catalysis using ethylammonium ion. In addition, the need for a pressure vessel is circumvented by using anhydrous ethylamine with acid catalysis. Alternatively stoichiometric ethylammonium ion in an appropriate cosolvent can be used to form the key intermediate in high yield.
<i>In vivo</i>study of effects of artesunate nanoliposomes on human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice (2013)

To investigate the effect of artesunate nanoliposomes on cultured cells in vitro and hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in BALB/c-nu mice. Fluorescence polarization was applied for measurement of mitochondrial membrane fluidities; inhibition test of tumor cell proliferation in vitro was performed and nude mice xenograft model from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was established. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by MTT assay on hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Anisotropy (r-value) of blank nanoliposomes didn't change, it had no statistically significance between the blank nanoliposomes group and the control group, it indicated that artesunate had no obvious effect on L-O2 human normal liver cells. IC₅₀ values of artesunate nanoliposomes and artesunate API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) against HepG-2 cells were 15.997 and 19.706 μg/ml; IC₅₀ values of the same drugs against L-O2 normal human liver cells were 100.23 and 105.54 μg/ml, respectively. Tumor growth inhibitory effect of artesunate nanoliposomes was 32.7%, and artesunate API was 20.5%, respectively. HepG-2 cells treated with artesunate nanoliposomes showed dose-dependent apoptosis. The antitumor effect of artesunate nanoliposomes on human hepatoma HepG2 cells were stronger than that of artesunate API at the same concentration.
Improved Speech Recognition In Noisy Environments By Using A Throat Microphone For Accurate Voicing Detection (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Phage Display–Derived Human Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated by Binding to the Surface of Live Primary Breast Cancer Cells Recognize GRP78 (2007)

Clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against cell-surface markers have yielded encouraging therapeutic results in several cancer types. Generally, however, anticancer antibodies are only efficient against a subpopulation of cancers, and there is a strong need for identification of novel targets and human antibodies against them. We have isolated single-chain human mAbs from a large naïve antibody phage display library by panning on a single-cell suspension of freshly isolated live cancer cells from a human breast cancer specimen, and these antibodies were shown to specifically recognize cancer-associated cell-surface proteins. One of the isolated human antibody fragments, Ab39, recognizes a cell-surface antigen expressed on a subpopulation of cancer cell lines of different origins. Immunohistochemical analysis of a large panel of cancerous and normal tissues showed that Ab39 bound strongly to several cancers, including 45% breast carcinomas, 35% lung cancers, and 86% melanomas, but showed no or weak binding to normal tissues. A yeast two-hybrid screen of a large human testis cDNA library identified the glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) as the antigen recognized by Ab39. The interaction was confirmed by colocalization studies and antibody competition experiments that also mapped the epitope recognized by Ab39 to the COOH terminus of GRP78. The expression of GRP78 on the surface of cancer cells, but not normal cells, makes it an attractive target for cancer therapies including mAb-based immunotherapy. Our results suggest that the human antibody Ab39 may be a useful starting point for further genetic optimization that could render it a useful diagnostic and therapeutic reagent for a variety of cancers.
Mechanism of lactide polymerization in the presence of stannous octoate: The effect of hydroxy and carboxylic acid substances (1994)

Abstract The effect of hydroxy and carboxylic acid substances on lactide polymerization in the presence of stannous octoate was investigated. A polymerization mechanism was postulated to attempt to explain the controversies existing in the literature and also to explain our experimental observations. Stannous alkoxide, a reaction product between stannous octoate and alcohol, is proposed as the substance initiating the polymerization through coordinative insertion of lactide. Alcohol can affect the polymerization through the reactions of initiator formation, chain transfer, and transesterfication. Carboxylic acid affects the polymerization through a deactivation reaction. Experiments showed that alcohol increased PLLA production rate while carboxylic acid decreased it. Both alcohol and carboxylic acid reduced PLLA final molecular weight. The higher the alcohol concentration, the lower the polymer molecular weight. However, the final molecular weight of PLLA was not sensitive to the carboxylic acid concentration. A polymerization induction period was observed at high carboxylic acid concentration, due to the deactivation reaction caused by carboxylic acid. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The cDNA clone for strictosidine synthase from <i>Rauvolfia serpentina</i> DNA sequence determination and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1988)

The cDNA clone for strictosidine synthase, the enzyme which catalyzes the stereospecific condensation of tryptamine with secologanin to form the key intermediate in indole alkaloid biosynthesis, strictosidine, has been identified with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization probe in a lambda gt11 cDNA library of cultured cells of Rauvolfia serpentina. The DNA has been sequenced, revealing an open reading frame of 1032 base pairs encoding 344 amino acids. The sequence of 60 nucleotides in the 5'-flanking region has been determined by primer extension analysis. The encoded protein has been expressed in E. coli DH5 as detected by immunoblotting of protein extracts with antibodies raised against the native enzyme.
Lekking Behavior of the Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (2001)

SUMMARY We describe the lekking behavior of the blacksoldier fly. If this lekking behavior at specific hab-itats is needed for H. illucens mating to occur, theidentification and conservation of these sites nearCAFOs would be important. Without these sites,we hypothesize that mating may be reduced ornot occur at all, resulting in a reduction in the sol-dier fly population and associated benefits. Wewould like to thank J. Ruberson and J. Greene fortheir helpful comments on this manuscript. REFERENCES CITED COPELLO, A. 1926. Biologia de Hermetia illuscens Latr.Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina 1: 23-27.FuRMAN, D. P., R. D. YOUNG, AND E. P. CATrS. 1959.Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) as a factor in the natu-ral control of Musca domestica Linnaeus. J. Econ.Entomol. 52: 917-921.JAMES, M. T. 1935. The genus Hermetia in the UnitedStates (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Bull. Brooklyn Ent.Soc. 30: 165-170.MAy, B. M. 1961. The occurrence in New Zealand andthe life history of the soldier fly Hermetia illucens(L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). N.Z. J. Sci. 4: 55-65.NEWTON, G. L., C. V. BOORAM, R. W. BARKER, AND O. M.HALE. 1977. Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal asa supplement for swine. J. Anim. Sci. 44: 395-399.O'NEILL, K. M. 1983. Territoriality, body size, and spac-ing in males of the bee wolf Philanthus basilaris(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Behaviour 86: 295-321.SHEPPARD, D. C. 1983. House fly and lesser fly controlutilizing the black soldier fly in manure manage-ment systems for caged laying hens. Environ. Ento-mol. 12: 1439-1442.SHEPPARD, D. C., AND G. L. NEWTON. 2000. Valuable by-products of a manure management system using theblack soldier fly-A literature review with some cur-rent results. Animal, Agricultural and Food ProcessingWastes: Proceedings of the 8th International Sympo-sium. James A. Moore ed. American Society of Agricul-tural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan. pp. 35-39.SHEPPARD, D. C., G. L. NEWTON, S. A. THOMPSON, ANDS. SAVAGE. 1994. A value added manure manage-ment system using the black soldier fly. Bio. Tech. 50:275-279.TINGLE, F. C., E. R. MITCHELL, AND W. COPELAND.
Immunohistochemical Localization of B7 Costimulating Molecules and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Antigen in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (1999)

These results suggested that epithelioid cells in granulomas and AM from patients with sarcoidosis had the capability to act as accessory cells and that the accessory function of these cells was shifted to B7-1 rather than B7-2 in sarcoidosis.
Cell division in Corynebacterineae (2014)

Bacterial cells must coordinate a number of events during the cell cycle. Spatio-temporal regulation of bacterial cytokinesis is indispensable for the production of viable, genetically identical offspring. In many rod-shaped bacteria, precise midcell assembly of the division machinery relies on inhibitory systems such as Min and Noc. In rod-shaped Actinobacteria, for example Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the divisome assembles in the proximity of the midcell region, however more spatial flexibility is observed compared to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Actinobacteria represent a group of bacteria that spatially regulate cytokinesis in the absence of recognizable Min and Noc homologs. The key cell division steps in E. coli and B. subtilis have been subject to intensive study and are well-understood. In comparison, only a minimal set of positive and negative regulators of cytokinesis are known in Actinobacteria. Nonetheless, the timing of cytokinesis and the placement of the division septum is coordinated with growth as well as initiation of chromosome replication and segregation. We summarize here the current knowledge on cytokinesis and division site selection in the Actinobacteria suborder Corynebacterineae.
A Universal Platform for Ubiquitous Wireless Communications Using Radio Over FSO System (2010)

In this paper, we present the design concept and performance evaluation results of a newly developed DWDM Radio over Free-Space Optics (RoFSO) system capable of transmitting multiple wireless service signals simultaneously. The system performance is evaluated over 1-km free-space transmission under effects of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation. Effectiveness of a proposed tracking scheme used to mitigate beam angle-of-arrival (AOA) effect and the viability of the communication system using a specially designed optical antenna are illustrated. The properties of free-space propagation under influences of atmospheric turbulence and attenuation are characterized. We then present the performance of wireless signals after being transmitted over the system. We verify that the system can provide a stable connection for wireless services especially with the absence of strong atmospheric turbulence and heavy rain. Finally, we present a consideration on the system application by indicating the possible applicable link range based on the system designed power margin and the tracking system efficiency. The proposed system is expected to be an alternative or be combined with wireless over fiber (WoF) to realize a universal platform for ubiquitous and high throughput wireless communications.
Oxidative stress and myocardial injury in the diabetic heart (2012)

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species play an integral role in both myocardial injury and repair. This dichotomy is differentiated at the level of species type, amount and duration of free radical generated. Homeostatic mechanisms designed to prevent free radical generation in the first instance, scavenge, or enzymatically convert them to less toxic forms and water, playing crucial roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. The outcome between functional recovery and dysfunction is dependent upon the inherent ability of these homeostatic antioxidant defences to withstand acute free radical generation, in the order of seconds to minutes. Alternatively, pre-existent antioxidant capacity (from intracellular and extracellular sources) may regulate the degree of free radical generation. This converts reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to the role of second messenger involved in cell signalling. The adaptive capacity of the cell is altered by the balance between death or survival signal converging at the level of the mitochondria, with distinct pathophysiological consequences that extends the period of injury from hours to days and weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance enhance oxidative stress in the diabetic myocardium that cannot adapt to ischaemia-reperfusion. Altered glucose flux, mitochondrial derangements and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in the presence of decreased antioxidant defence and impaired prosurvival cell signalling may render the diabetic myocardium more vulnerable to injury, remodelling and heart failure.
WY14,643, a PPARα Ligand, Has Profound Effects on Immune Responses In Vivo (2002)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors with diverse actions. PPARalpha and PPARgamma are expressed in different lymphocyte subpopulations. Recently, we have observed that PPARalpha ligands elicit augmented IL-4 expression in cultures of mitogen-activated splenocytes. The following studies were undertaken to characterize the in vivo effects of WY14,643, a PPARalpha ligand. Our studies demonstrate that oral administration of WY14,643 markedly reduces splenocyte number in immunized and nonimmunized C57BL/6 mice. Mice fed WY14,643 display impaired IgG responses to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (pMOG(35-55)), following immunization with pMOG(35-55)/CFA. Following in vitro restimulation with pMOG(35-55), splenocytes harvested from WY14,643-fed mice demonstrate impaired production of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and TNF-alpha despite similar proliferative responses. We also demonstrate higher expression of PPARalpha in B than T cells. Finally, to obtain an understanding of the cause of splenocyte depletion with fibrate therapy, we studied the effect of WY14,643 on apoptosis of activated splenocytes. WY14,643 in vitro induces apoptosis in lymphocytes and this effect appears to occur in a PPARalpha-independent manner. Thus WY14,643, a fibrate, is a profound immunosuppressive agent.
Resource co-allocation for large-scale distributed environments (2009)

Advances in the development of large scale distributed computing systems such as Grids and Computing Clouds have intensified the need for developing scheduling algorithms capable of allocating multiple resources simultaneously. In principle, the required resources may be allocated by sequentially scheduling each resource individually. However, such a solution can be computationally expensive, hence inappropriate for time-sensitive applications, and may lead to deadlocks. In this work we present an efficient online algorithm for co-allocating resources that also provides support for advance reservations. The algorithm utilizes data structures specifically designed to organize the temporal availability of resources, and implements co-allocation through efficient range searches that identify all available resources simultaneously. We use simulations driven by real workloads to show that the co-allocation algorithm scales to systems with large numbers of users and resources, and we perform an in-depth comparative analysis against existing batch scheduling mechanisms. Our findings indicate that the online scheduling algorithms may achieve higher utilization while providing smaller delays and better QoS guarantees without adding much complexity.
LDL oxidation in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis. A study of in vitro and in vivo oxidation markers. (1994)

Among the various risk factors involved in the development and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, the oxidation of LDL has been proposed to play a relevant role. LDL oxidation has been investigated in 94 patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis undergoing elective carotid artery endarterectomy and in 42 matched control subjects. LDL oxidation was evaluated in all patients as (1) the susceptibility to in vitro oxidation, (2) vitamin E concentration and its efficiency in LDL, and (3) the presence of autoantibodies against oxidatively modified lipoprotein to monitor the occurrence of the oxidative processes taking place in vivo. No difference was detected between control subjects and patients concerning vitamin E concentration and the kinetics of conjugated diene formation in isolated LDL exposed to CuSO4. However, vitamin E efficiency was lower (9.6 +/- 4.2 versus 30.2 +/- 7.6 min/nmol vitamin E) and the duration of the vitamin E-independent lag phase was longer (105.5 +/- 16.5 versus 58 +/- 11.8 minutes) in the patient group. Autoantibodies against oxidatively modified lipoproteins were measured with an ELISA method using native LDL, Cu(2+)-oxidized LDL (oxLDL), or malondialdehyde-derivatized LDL (MDA-LDL) as antigens. To monitor cross-reactivity of the antibodies detected with other oxidatively modified proteins, human serum albumin (HSA) and MDA-derivatized HSA (MDA-HSA) were also employed. The antibody titer was calculated as the ratio of antibodies against modified versus native proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activation of insect cell adenylate cyclase by <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> δ-endotoxins and melittin. Toxicity is independent of cyclic AMP (1988)

Insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) delta-endotoxins are cytolytic to a range of insect cell lines in vitro. Addition of Bt var. aizawai or var. israelensis toxins to Mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) cells in vitro increased intracellular cyclic AMP, which was paralleled by activation of adenylate cyclase in isolated membranes. Var. kurstaki toxin, which does not lyse M. brassicae cells, had no effect on cyclic AMP concentrations in intact cells, but was able to stimulate adenylate cyclase in membrane preparations. In contrast, the bee-venom toxin melittin, which is also cytolytic, increased intracellular cyclic AMP in whole cells, but inhibited adenylate cyclase in isolated membranes. Octopamine and forskolin also increased cyclic AMP in cells, but were not cytolytic. When added to cells at concentrations exceeding their LC90 (concentration causing 90% cell death), melittin and var. israelensis toxins caused cell lysis without a concomitant increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of adenylate cyclase by cytolytic toxins is a secondary effect (related perhaps to interactions of these toxins with membrane lipids) and is neither necessary nor sufficient for cytolysis.
5-<i>Exo</i> versus 6-<i>Endo</i> Cyclization of Nucleoside 2-Sila-5-hexenyl Radicals:  Reaction of 6-(Bromomethyl)dimethylsilyl 1‘,2‘-Unsaturated Uridines (2005)

The mode of cyclization of 2-sila-5-hexen-1-yl radicals generated from 6-(bromomethyl)dimethylsilyl-1',2'-unsaturated uridines was investigated. In contrast to the case of the 2'-unsubstituted 6-silicon-tethered substrate (4), which undergoes exclusive 6-endo-cyclization, reactions of the 2'-substituted (Me, CO2Me, OBz, and Cl) derivatives (14, 20, 22, and 24) uniformly proceeded in preferential or exclusive 5-exo-mode. The Tamao oxidation of the resulting cyclized products was also carried out to synthesize the corresponding 1'-C-hydroxymethyl derivatives.