gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of early-weaned pigs to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88) challenge when fed diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma or pea protein isolate plus egg yolk antibody1 (2003)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) infection and resulting scours is a major problem for young pigs, especially when purified plant proteins are fed rather than spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP). The effect of supplementing a pea protein isolate (PPI)-based diet with egg yolk antibodies (EYA) from laying hens immunized with ETEC K88 antigen on piglet performance, incidence of scours, and gut histology was studied in a 14-d trial. Ninety-six 10-d-old weaned pigs were assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design to give six replicate pens per treatment. The treatments were PPI without EYA (PPI-EYA), PPI with EYA (PPI+EYA), SDPP without EYA (SDPP-EYA), SDPP with EYA (SDPP+EYA), or a combination of PPI and SDPP (PPI+SDPP). Diets were formulated to similar nutrient levels and provided for ad libitum intake. Blood from all pigs was taken on d 0, 7, and 14 for determining plasma urea N (PUN). On d 7, pigs were orally challenged with 6 mL of 1010 cfu/mL ETEC K88. Piglets were weighed on d 7 and 14. On d 7, 8, and 14, four pigs per treatment were sacrificed to study the histology of the small intestine. Weekly feed intake, BW changes, and gain:feed were determined. Fecal swabs from 10 pigs per treatment were taken for a PCR test to detect K88 E. coli. Feed efficiency over the 14-d period was not affected (P > 0.78) by dietary treatment. Mean ADFI on an as-fed basis was lower (P < 0.002) in piglets fed PPI-EYA (64.3 g/d) compared with PPI+EYA (94.8 g/d) or SDPP (102 g/d) during wk 1. Piglets fed PPI-EYA tend to have a lower (P < 0.026) overall ADG (84 g/d) than those fed PPI+EYA (123 g/d) or SDPP (127 g/d) (P < 0.006)-based diets. Although scours was evident in all groups of pigs 6 h after the challenge, most of the piglets fed EYA- or SDPP-containing diets recovered 10 to 72 h postchallenge, whereas those fed PPI-EYA continued to have severe diarrhea, resulting in 33% mortality. The PCR results showed that a greater (P < 0.01) percentage of piglets fed PPI-EYA compared with those fed SDPP- or EYA-containing diets continued to shed ETEC K88 at the end of the 14-d study. Piglets fed PPI-EYA had shorter villi (P < 0.01), higher intestinal pH (P < 0.013), and higher PUN (P < 0.05) than those fed the SDPP- or EYA-containing diets during the entire 14-d study. It was concluded that specific EYA and SDPP could provide passive control of ETEC infection and potentially improve feed intake and weight gain in young pigs fed PPI.
Complement component 5 contributes to poor disease outcome in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis (2011)

Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common and severe form of bacterial meningitis. Fatality rates are substantial, and long-term sequelae develop in about half of survivors. Disease outcome has been related to the severity of the proinflammatory response in the subarachnoid space. The complement system, which mediates key inflammatory processes, has been implicated as a modulator of pneumococcal meningitis disease severity in animal studies. Additionally, SNPs in genes encoding complement pathway proteins have been linked to susceptibility to pneumococcal infection, although no associations with disease severity or outcome have been established. Here, we have performed a robust prospective nationwide genetic association study in patients with bacterial meningitis and found that a common nonsynonymous complement component 5 (C5) SNP (rs17611) is associated with unfavorable disease outcome. C5 fragment levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with bacterial meningitis correlated with several clinical indicators of poor prognosis. Consistent with these human data, C5a receptor-deficient mice with pneumococcal meningitis had lower CSF wbc counts and decreased brain damage compared with WT mice. Adjuvant treatment with C5-specific monoclonal antibodies prevented death in all mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Thus, our results suggest C5-specific monoclonal antibodies could be a promising new antiinflammatory adjuvant therapy for pneumococcal meningitis.
Helical Phenanthrenes, 3<sup>[1]</sup> Syntheses, Enrichment of Enantiomers, and Barriers to Racemization of Twisted 9, 10‐Phenanthrenequinones (1992)

The known syntheses of the 9, 10‐phenanthrenequinones 10a – c were improved by the chlorotrimethylsilane modification of the acyloin condensation of biaryl diesters. The novel quinones 4a, 4b , and 12 were prepared. For the first time, enantiomers ( M and P ) of this class of compounds were enriched semipreparatively by liquid chromatography on optically active sorbents. The barriers to thermal racemization amount to 90 – 130 kJ mol ‐1 (Table 2) and are thus higher than the barriers for the corresponding phenanthrene hydrocarbons by roughly 20 kJ mol ‐1 . The reasons for this increase are discussed in terms of repulsive interactions in the transition state of helix inversion.
Smooth muscle contractile diversity in the control of regional circulations (2013)

Each regional circulation has unique requirements for blood flow and thus unique mechanisms by which it is regulated. In this review we consider the role of smooth muscle contractile diversity in determining the unique properties of selected regional circulations and its potential influence on drug targeting in disease. Functionally smooth muscle diversity can be dichotomized into fast versus slow contractile gene programs, giving rise to phasic versus tonic smooth muscle phenotypes, respectively. Large conduit vessel smooth muscle is of the tonic phenotype; in contrast, there is great smooth muscle contractile diversity in the other parts of the vascular system. In the renal circulation, afferent and efferent arterioles are arranged in series and determine glomerular filtration rate. The afferent arteriole has features of phasic smooth muscle, whereas the efferent arteriole has features of tonic smooth muscle. In the splanchnic circulation, the portal vein and hepatic artery are arranged in parallel and supply blood for detoxification and metabolism to the liver. Unique features of this circulation include the hepatic-arterial buffer response to regulate blood flow and the phasic contractile properties of the portal vein. Unique features of the pulmonary circulation include the low vascular resistance and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the latter attribute inherent to the smooth muscle cells but the mechanism uncertain. We consider how these unique properties may allow for selective drug targeting of regional circulations for therapeutic benefit and point out gaps in our knowledge and areas in need of further investigation.
Fast dynamic video content exploration (2013)

Although the amount of surveillance video collected is increasing rapidly, the development of algorithmic tools to help an operator efficiently review this data remains a challenging problem. Video synopsis techniques summarize the active content within long surveillance videos in the form of short video clips in order to make review by an operator much more efficient. In this paper we present a novel form of synopsis browsing, based on a cyclical temporal pixel remapping scheme, with several key advantages over traditional methods. Most importantly, our method is not track-based and therefore works well in scenes for which it is difficult to maintain robust tracks of all components. The simple computational nature of our algorithm also allows the formation of synopsis frames on-the-fly, enabling a powerful interactive forensic browsing experience that we refer to as dynamic video content exploration. We also present a novel set of experiments using human subjects to quantify the efficiency of using synopsis tools for forensic video review tasks, finding roughly an order of magnitude decrease in operator review time compared to video fast forwarding.
Heterocyclic systems bearing phosphorus substituents. Synthesis and chemistry (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleHeterocyclic systems bearing phosphorus substituents. Synthesis and chemistryDerek RedmoreCite this: Chem. Rev. 1971, 71, 3, 315–337Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60271a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60271a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1004Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visible Light Positioning Using an Aperture and a Quadrant Photodiode (2017)

This paper describes a new form of angle of arrival (AOA) detector which can be applied in an indoor visible light positioning system using LED luminaires. In this new detector, a quadrant photodiode (PD) is placed below a transparent aperture in an opaque screen. Light passing through the aperture creates an illuminated area on the quadrant PD. This light spot has the same shape and size as the aperture. The position of the light spot on the PD depends on the AOA of the light. It is shown that this position can be determined by measuring the relative optical power of the light reaching each of the four quadrants of the PD. For the case of a square aperture and a square photodetector, a simple algorithm can be used to determine the x and y coordinates of the center of the light spot on the PD. From this, the AOA can be calculated. Simulations for an indoor visible light positioning system using LED luminaires and realistic parameters show that accurate AOA estimation is possible. If different luminaires transmit different orthogonal signals, digital signal processing can be used to separately estimate the received signal powers from each of the transmitting luminaires. Thus, this new detector has the potential to provide accurate three-dimensional positioning using a single quadrant PD.
Continuous production of bacteriocins, brevicin, nisin and pediocin, using calcium alginate‐immobilized bacteria (1995)

Bacteriocins including brevicin 286, nisin and pediocin PO2 have been produced successfully with immobilized cells of Lactobacillus brevis VB286, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Pediococcus acidilactici PO2 respectively encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. The beads encapsulating the bacteriocin‐producing cells were loaded into a column, and continuously supplied with fresh medium at a flow rate of 1 bed volume per 20 min. The concentrations of the three bacteriocins produced in the eluents were at least as high as those obtained from conventional free‐cell batch fermentations.
Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Cryptography Using Polarized Photons in Optical Fibre over More than 1 km (1993)

A quantum cryptography set-up is described. It uses polarized photons to code the key. The photons remain guided from the semiconductor laser diode until the photon counter module. The feasibility of establishing a key over more than 1 km by this method has been experimentally demonstrated.
Disruption to radiation therapy sessions due to anxiety among patients receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck area can be predicted using patient self‐report measures (2010)

This study offers some preliminary insights into the prevalence of patient anxiety severe enough to cause session disruption and patient self-report measures which might be used to flag patients for prophylactic treatment. Further development and replication in a larger sample is warranted before introduction of these measures into routine practice.
Competências profissionais na formação inicial de professores de matemática (2015)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre a seguinte questão: como conseguir que futuros professores de matemática de secundária (Ensino Médio) tenham as competências profissionais que os permita o desenvolvimento da avaliação das competências em matemática propostas no currículo? Na primeira parte, discorre-se, teoricamente, sobre a noção de competência. Na segunda, discute-se sobre os aspectos-chave para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de competências em matemática nos alunos de secundária (o papel da competência disciplinar e o papel da competência em análise em didática dos processos de instrução). Por último, na terceira parte, mostram-se algumas considerações sobre a possibilidade de um currículo por competências na formação de professores e sobre a importância da competência em análise em didática dos processos de instrução atríbuida em tal modelo curricular.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Molecular Motion in Natural Rubber (1963)

Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been made on natural rubber to examine how frequency, temperature, and crystallinity influence the nuclear relaxation. Molecular motions were studied by observing NMR linewidths and spin-lattice relaxation times at temperatures between −100° and 100°C, and at radio frequencies between 2 and 60 Mc. The influence of crystallinity was seen in measurements on stark rubber. The relation between frequency and temperature in the spin-lattice relaxation process is examined in terms of the Arrhenius equation and the WLF expression. The importance of using frequency as a variable in NMR studies of molecular motion is stressed.
Platelet Granule Secretion Continuously Prevents Intratumor Hemorrhage (2008)

Cancer is associated with a prothrombogenic state capable of platelet activation. Platelets, on the other hand, can support angiogenesis, a process involved in the progression of tumor growth and metastasis. However, it is unclear whether platelet/tumor interactions substantially contribute to tumor physiology. We investigated whether platelets stabilize tumor vessels and studied the underlying mechanisms. We induced severe acute thrombocytopenia in mice bearing s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma or B16F10 melanoma. Intravital microscopy revealed that platelet depletion led to a rapid destabilization of tumor vessels with intratumor hemorrhage starting as soon as 30 min after induction of thrombocytopenia. Using an inhibitor of glycoprotein Ibalpha (GPIbalpha) and genetically engineered mice with platelet adhesion defects, we investigated the role of platelet adhesion receptors in stabilizing tumor vessels. We found that a single defect in either GPIbalpha, von Willebrand factor, P-selectin, or platelet integrin activation did not lead to intratumor hemorrhage. We then compared the ability of transfused resting and degranulated platelets to prevent intratumor hemorrhage. Whereas resting platelets prevented thrombocytopenia-induced tumor bleeding, circulating degranulated platelets did not. This suggests that the prevention of intratumor hemorrhage by platelets relies on the secretion of the content of platelet granules. Supporting this hypothesis, we further found that thrombocytopenia dramatically impairs the balance between propermeability and antipermeability factors in tumor-bearing animals, in particular depleting blood of angiopoietin-1 and serotonin. Our results show a crucial contribution of platelets to tumor homeostasis through continuous prevention of severe intratumor hemorrhage and consequent cell death. The study also suggests platelet function as a reasonable target for specific destabilization of tumor vessels.
Textile electrodes of jacquard woven fabrics for biosignal measurement (2010)

In the last few years, textile electrodes have become an interesting topic for physiological monitoring, steadily developing to be applied in innovative wearable sensing systems. The structure of textile electrodes can be fabricated by weaving, knitting, or embroidering conductive yarn and is now commercially available. The upgraded textile electrode is used in biosignal sensing and was designed in the form of a jacquard woven structure to measure the ECG. In the case of knit fabric, which has piezo‐resistive properties, the textile electrodes were developed by using the fabric’s flexible strain gauges in a bio‐monitoring system. However, the piezo‐resistive sensing fabrics have some shortcomings such as low dynamic range, poor repeatability, and performance deterioration after washing or repeated folding. Woven fabric, which is cloth woven in the warp and weft directions, has less strain properties and can be constructed more uniformly than knit fabric. Therefore, due to their more consistent woven structure, jacquard woven fabrics made with conductive yarn can be manufactured evenly on a large scale and consistently maintain their properties. The woven structure of jacquard electrodes consists of a double‐faced weave and is woven with a silver covering yarn in the weft direction. The proposed textile electrodes were composed of two groups made up of warps with either the unremoved 100% warps or the half‐removed 50% warps of jacquard woven electrodes that were convex or flat and were either with or without conductive paste. The ECG measurements for the textile electrodes were repeated three times in resting conditions. The convex jacquard electrodes of the half‐removed 50% warps with the conductive paste resulted in the most significant SNR improvement (33.67 dB). The purpose of this paper was to investigate a method to design jacquard woven electrodes uniformly on a large scale and to apply it feasibly to ECG measurement.
Biomechanical Analysis of Transpedicular Rod Systems (1991)

Two transpedicular spinal instrumentation systems were developed for fixation of the lumbosacral junction: a transpedicular fixator and the transpedicular screw/rod system. Mechanical testing showed that the new systems have a rigidity that is intermediate between conventional wired implants (Galveston and Luque ring) and plate systems (Steffee plate). Neither pedicular implant approached the rigidity of the Steffee plate with S2 fixation, but in compression and anterior bending both were more rigid than the Steffee plate without S2 fixation. Despite the apparent mechanical advantages of the transpedicular fixator, it is currently too bulky for clinical use. The transpedicular screw/rod system is more appealing because the size leaves adequate area for bone grafting, and device placement is technically simple. Furthermore, it may be contoured to any plane, while retaining stability provided by the clamps and screws.
C{sub 60}-siloxane polymers from hydrosilylation reactions (1993)

Addition of Si-H bonds to C{sub 60} takes place with catalysis by platinum or Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 8}. Reaction of C{sub 60} with HSiMe(OEt){sub 2} in the presence of Co{sub 2}(CO){sub 8} yields hydrosilylated products with average composition H{sub 4}C{sub 60}[SiMe(OEt){sub 2}]{sub 11.5}. Aqueous solvolysis of this product gives a crosslinked C{sub 60}-siloxane polymer. From H(SiMe{sub 2}O){sub 3}SiMe{sub 2}H and C{sub 60} (Pt catalysis) a polymer is obtained with M{sub w} {approximately} 4000, apparently containing 2-4 fullerene units. With Me{sub 3}SiO-(MeSiH-O){sub n}(MeSin-Oct-O){sub m}SiMe{sub 3}, DP {approximately} 30, and platinum catalysis C{sub 60} gives a soluble rubbery polymer with M{sub W} {approximately} 5000, which appears to contain a single C{sub 60} unit encapsulated by the siloxane.
Haptic stylus with inertial and vibro-tactile feedback (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a novel stylus capable of displaying two haptic effects to the user. The first effect is a tactile flow effect up and down along the pen, and the other is a rotation effect about the long axis of the pen. The flow effect is based on the haptic illusion of “apparent tactile motion”, while the rotation effect comes from the reaction torque created by an electric motor placed along the stylus shaft. The stylus is embedded with two vibration actuators at the ends, and a DC motor with a rotating balanced mass in the middle. We show that, it is possible to create flow and rotation effects on the stylus by driving the actuators on the stylus. Furthermore, we show that the timing and the actuation patterns of the vibration actuators and DC motor on the stylus significantly affect the discernibility of the synthesized perceptions; hence these parameters should be selected carefully. Two psychophysical experiments, each performed with 10 subjects, shed light on the discernability of the two haptic effects as a function of various actuation parameters. Our results show that, with carefully selected parameters, the subjects can successfully identify the flow of motion and the direction of rotation with high accuracies.
Utility of the <scp>P</scp>19 suppressor of gene‐silencing protein for production of therapeutic antibodies in <i><scp>N</scp>icotiana</i> expression hosts (2012)

To study how the P19 suppressor of gene-silencing protein can be used effectively for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins, the following factors were examined: the genetic elements used for expressing recombinant proteins; the effect of different P19 concentrations; compatibility of P19 with various Nicotiana tabacum cultivars for transgenic expression; the glycan profile of a recombinant therapeutic glycoprotein co-expressed with P19 in an RNAi-based glycomodified Nicotiana benthamiana expression host. The coding sequences for the heavy and light chains of trastuzumab were cloned into five plant expression vectors (102-106) containing different 5' and 3' UTRs, designated as vector sets 102-106 mAb. The P19 protein of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was also cloned into vector 103, which contained the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and 5'UTR together with the terminator region of the nopaline synthase gene of Agrobacterium. Transient expression of the antibody vectors resulted in different levels of trastuzumab accumulation, the highest being 105 and 106 mAb at about 1% of TSP. P19 increased the concentration of trastuzumab approximately 15-fold (to about 2.3% of TSP) when co-expressed with 103 mAb but did not affect antibody levels with vectors 102 and 106 mAb. When 103 mAb was expressed together with P19 in different N. tabacum cultivars, all except Little Crittenden showed a marked discolouring of the infiltrated areas of the leaf and decreased antibody expression. Co-expression of P19 also abolished antibody accumulation in crosses between N. tabacum cv. I-64 and Little Crittenden, indicating a dominant mode of inheritance for the observed P19-induced responses.
160 Gbit/s wavelength shifting and phase conjugationusing periodically poled LiNbO <sub>3</sub> waveguide parametric converter (2000)

High efficiency 160 Gbit/s wavelength conversion and optical phase conjugation using cascaded nonlinearities in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides is reported. The authors also report on use of this device as a dispersion compensator for transmission of 100 Gbit/s OTDM data through 160 km of singlemode fibre.