gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Pseudocapacitive Behavior of a Nanostructured, Mixed-Valent Manganese Oxide Film for Electrical Energy Storage (2012)

While pseudocapacitors represent a promising option for electrical energy storage, the performance of the existing ones must be dramatically enhanced to meet today’s ever-increasing demands for many emerging applications. Here we report a nanostructured, mixed-valent manganese oxide film that exhibits anomalously high specific capacitance (∼2530 F/g of manganese oxide, measured at 0.61 A/g in a two-electrode configuration with loading of active materials ∼0.16 mg/cm2) while maintaining excellent power density and cycling life. The dramatic performance enhancement is attributed to its unique mixed-valence state with porous nanoarchitecture, which may facilitate rapid mass transport and enhance surface double-layer capacitance, while promoting facile redox reactions associated with charge storage by both Mn and O sites, as suggested by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory calculations. The new charge storage mechanisms (in addition to redox reactions of cations) may offer critical insights to rational design of a new-generation energy storage devices.
Thermal modeling and simulation of the chilled water system for future all electric ship (2011)

A system-level model for a combatant ship's chilled water system is described and developed in this paper. Some major thermal components related to dynamic aspects are identified in detail. Given the vital heat load for each compartment and equipment, the steady state performances are evaluated for the normal two-loop alignment. Dynamic behaviors are also investigated at different operating conditions. Several extreme cases such as pipe rupture in the vital branch and time to overheat are also studied to evaluate the system survivability. The work presented in this paper continuous the efforts for using Virtual Test Bed as a potential system-level dynamic simulation platform for an all-electric ship thermal management.
Graft copolymers of polystyrene and polyisoprene prepared by complexation of functionalized homopolymers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGraft copolymers of polystyrene and polyisoprene prepared by complexation of functionalized homopolymersR. A. Weiss, S. Sasongko, and R. JeromeCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 9, 2271–2277Publication Date (Print):April 29, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00009a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00009a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of the <scp>L</scp>‐arginine/nitric oxide pathway in myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury (1999)

Myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) is associated with impaired endothelial function including diminished release and/or effects of nitric oxide (NO) which may contribute to the development of I/R injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the L-arginine/NO pathway in myocardial I/R injury. In isolated rat hearts subjected to global ischaemia followed by reperfusion L-arginine and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), but not D-arginine, significantly enhanced the recoveries of mycardial performance and coronary flow, and reduced the area of no-reflow and creatine kinase outflow. The NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) abolished the protective effects of L-arginine. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation after I/R was preserved in L-arginine treated but not in vehicle hearts. Following I/R Ca2+-dependent NO synthase activity was reduced by 90% in comparison with non-ischaemic hearts. L-arginine but not D-arginine significantly increased NO synthase activity. In anaesthetized pigs, L-arginine given by local coronary venous retroinfusion reduced myocardial infarct size induced by 45 min of coronary artery ligation and 4 h of reperfusion to 35% of the area at risk from 76% in controls. The protective effect of L-arginine was blocked by L-NNA. Acetylcholine-induced coronary vasodilatation following I/R was attenuated in controls but not in L-arginine treated pigs. It is concluded that L-arginine or the NO donor SNAP reduces I/R-induced myocardial and endothelial injury. The protective effect of L-arginine seems to be mediated through maintained production of NO by preserving the function of Ca2+-dependent NO synthase in the heart.
Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from North West England (2010)

Our findings demonstrate that E. coli of equine faecal origin are commonly resistant to antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, our results suggest that most antibiotic resistance observed in equine E. coli is encoded by well-known and well-characterized resistant genes common to E. coli from man and domestic animals. These data support the ongoing concern about antimicrobial resistance, MDR, antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine and the zoonotic risk that horses could potentially pose to public health.
Thiol‐reactive dyes for fluorescence labeling of proteomic samples (2003)

Covalent derivatization of proteins with fluorescent dyes prior to separation is increasingly used in proteomic research. This paper examines the properties of several commercially available iodoacetamide and maleimide dyes and discusses the conditions and caveats for their use in labeling of proteomic samples. The iodoacetamide dyes BODIPY TMR cadaverine IA and BODIPY Fl C(1)-IA were highly specific for cysteine residues and showed little or no nonspecific labeling even at very high dye:thiol ratios. These dyes also showed minimal effects on pI's of standard proteins. Some iodoacetamide dyes, (5-TMRIA and eosin-5-iodoacetamide) and some maleimide dyes (ThioGlo I and Rhodamine Red C(2) maleimide) exhibited nonspecific labeling at high dye:thiol ratios. Labeling by both iodoacetamide and maleimide dyes was inhibited by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP); interactions between TCEP and dye were also observed. Thiourea, an important component of sample solubilization cocktails, inhibited labeling of proteins with iodoacetamide dyes but not with maleimide dyes. Maleimide dyes may serve as an alternative for labeling proteins where it is essential to have thiourea in the solubilization buffer. Covalent derivatization by BODIPY TMR cadaverine IA, BODIPY Fl C(1)-IA or Rhodamine Red C(2) maleimide was also demonstrated to be compatible with in-gel digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry and allowed successful protein identification.
Plant and Animal Sensors of Conserved Microbial Signatures (2010)

The last common ancestor of plants and animals may have lived 1 billion years ago. Plants and animals have occasionally exchanged genes but, for the most part, have countered selective pressures independently. Microbes (bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses) were omnipresent threats, influencing the direction of multicellular evolution. Receptors that detect molecular signatures of infectious organisms mediate awareness of nonself and are integral to host defense in plants and animals alike. The discoveries leading to elucidation of these receptors and their ligands followed a similar logical and methodological pathway in both plant and animal research.
How does inflammation drive mutagenesis in colorectal cancer? (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health challenge worldwide. Factors thought to be important in CRC etiology include diet, microbiome, exercise, obesity, a history of colon inflammation and family history. Interventions, including the use of non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-inflammatory agents, have been shown to decrease incidence in some settings. However, our current understanding of the mechanistic details that drive CRC are insufficient to sort out the complex and interacting factors responsible for cancer-initiating events. It has been known for some time that the development of CRC involves mutations in key genes such as p53 and APC, and the sequence in which these mutations occur can determine tumor presentation. Observed recurrent mutations are dominated by C to T transitions at CpG sites, implicating the deamination of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) as a key initiating event in cancer-driving mutations. While it has been widely assumed that inflammation-mediated oxidation drives mutations in CRC, oxidative damage to DNA induces primarily G to T transversions, not C to T transitions. In this review, we discuss this unresolved conundrum, and specifically, we elucidate how the known nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) pathways, which are partially redundant and potentially competing, might provide a critical link between oxidative DNA damage and C to T mutations. Studies using recently developed next-generation DNA sequencing technologies have revealed the genetic heterogeneity in human tissues including tumors, as well as the presence of DNA damage. The capacity to follow DNA damage, repair and mutagenesis in human tissues using these emerging technologies could provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the role of oxidative damage in CRC tumor initiation. The application of these technologies could identify mechanism-based biomarkers useful in earlier diagnosis and aid in the development of cancer prevention strategies.
Notch-1 Controls the Expression of Fatty Acid-activated Transcription Factors and Is Required for Adipogenesis (1997)

Notch, a transmembrane receptor member of the homeotic epidermal growth factor-like family of proteins, participates in cell-to-cell signaling to control cell fate during development. Activated Notch-1 constructs lacking the extracellular region prevent differentiation of several mammalian cells in vitro. This effect, however, bypasses the normal mechanisms of cell-to-cell interactions in which Notch-1 participates. We investigated the role of Notch-1 in the hormone-induced adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, a paradigmatic model of adipogenesis that requires cell-to-cell contact. Unlike other differentiation models, Notch-1 expression and function were necessary conditions for adipogenesis. Impaired Notch-1 expression by antisense Notch-1 constructs prevented adipocyte differentiation. Strategies aimed at blocking putative Notch/ligand interactions also blocked adipogenesis, implicating Notch as a critical molecule in cell-to-cell signaling necessary for differentiation. Inhibition of Notch-1 expression or function decreased the expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors delta and gamma, transcription factors that control adipocyte differentiation and that are up-regulated at cell confluence. These results implicate Notch in the commitment of 3T3-L1 cells to undergo adipogenesis by controlling the expression of the principal regulators of this process.
Design of an optical fixed-weight learning neural network (2006)

This paper deals with the design, analysis, and simulation of a prototype optical fixed-weight learning neural network. This type of network could have learning rates five orders of magnitude faster than networks based on Von-Neumann platforms. This network has an embedded learning algorithm and dynamically learns new mappings by changing recurrent neural signal strengths. This greatly speed up optical neural network learning since the medium containing the synaptic weights does not change during learning. Software simulations suggest that this design is sound. The physical implementation and evaluation of the prototype were reported elsewhere.
A Review of Polymers and Plastic High Index Optical Materials (2021)

International audience
Toughening Elastomers with Sacrificial Bonds and Watching Them Break (2014)

Elastomers are widely used because of their large-strain reversible deformability. Most unfilled elastomers suffer from a poor mechanical strength, which limits their use. Using sacrificial bonds, we show how brittle, unfilled elastomers can be strongly reinforced in stiffness and toughness (up to 4 megapascals and 9 kilojoules per square meter) by introducing a variable proportion of isotropically prestretched chains that can break and dissipate energy before the material fails. Chemoluminescent cross-linking molecules, which emit light as they break, map in real time where and when many of these internal bonds break ahead of a propagating crack. The simple methodology that we use to introduce sacrificial bonds, combined with the mapping of where bonds break, has the potential to stimulate the development of new classes of unfilled tough elastomers and better molecular models of the fracture of soft materials.
The Effects of the Hand-holding Program as an Independent Nursing Intervention for the Patients with Anxiety in Local Anesthesia (1999)

Operation usually brings about psychological stress as well as physical stress to the patient and it greatly influences the maintenance of the homeostasis. Until now, most of the nursing research concerning the anxiety of the patient undergoing an operation has been done while the patient was under general anesthesia. Under local anesthesia, the anxiety of the patient who undergone operation is short. However, there is much demand of the operational nurses to mediate between the patient who is undergoing operation when fully conscious, as they are aware of the patient's anxiety and to decrease the patient's anxiety of this local anesthesia. Therefore, this research tries to verify the effects of the Hand-holding program on the anxiety of the operational patient undergoing local anesthesia and affirms the role of the nursing intervention. As an unequivalent control group non-synchronized designs, this research selects out 20 control groups and 21 experimental groups at random who have received cataract operation while under local anesthesia and after implementing the Hand-holding program to the experimental groups while undergoing the operation, the effect of the experiment was observed. By observing the Epinephrine, Cortisol, blood pressure, and pulse for the physical indexes before and after the enforcement of the hand-holding, and using the measurement of Speilberger(1972) for the psychological indicators for the anxiety of the patient before and after hand-holding, the results were analyzed through SAS program. As a results, intervention of hand-holding had a remarkable effect to decrease the anxiety felt by the patient and the diastolic blood pressure also was effectively decreased. On the other hand, through the decrease of the systolic blood pressure was also observed, it was not statistically significant. In the Epinephrine and Cortisol indicators, the intervention of hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding was revealed to have an indicators, the intervention of Hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding program may be said to have an effect which decreases the psychological anxiety of the patient undergoing local anesthesia.
IEEE 802.11b Frequency Translation (2005)

This thesis investigates the IEEE 802.11b standard that describes radio communication for networks. The standard is carefully explained and the limitations of the standard are presented. To put the system in its context and to study the effects from the frequency translation, surrounding areas such as radio propagation and networks in general are presented. For radio communications the carrier frequency gives the basic properties for the application, long distance communication uses low frequencies and the opposite for short-range communication. The report investigates the possibilities to translate the frequency for an IEEE 802.11b system to move the limits of IEEE 802.11b Three alternative solutions are compared. A final solution evolves from one of them. The resulting solution is based on existing hardware and is ready for testing. One major conclusion is that 802.11b is a well developed standard where the development of the hardware is focussed on the physical size. This miniaturization makes alteration more complex. Finally other interesting wireless techniques that could give the desired properties and other possible further work are presented.
Synthesis and reactions of 2‐(alkylthio)‐4,4‐dimenthyl‐1,3‐thiazole‐5(4<i>H</i>)‐thiones (1994)

Abstract Six 2‐(alkylthio)‐substituted 4,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐thiazole‐5(4 H )‐thiones were synthesized according to a new method. The reactions of these compounds with allyl‐ and benzyllithium reagents, 1,3‐dipoles, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate proceeded in a similar manner to 2‐alkyl‐substituted analogues, while methyllithium reacted in a different way yielding trithio‐orthoester derivatives.
The expression of proline-specific enzymes in the human lung (2017)

The pathophysiology of lung diseases is very complex and proteolytic enzymes may play a role or could be used as biomarkers. In this review, the literature was searched to make an overview of what is known on the expression of the proline-specific peptidases dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4, 8, 9, prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) in the healthy and diseased lung. Search terms included asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, fibrosis, ischemia reperfusion injury and pneumonia. Knowledge on the loss or gain of protein expression and activity during disease might tie these enzymes to certain cell types, substrates or interaction partners that are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, ultimately leading to the elucidation of their functional roles and a potential therapeutic target. Most data could be found on DPP4, while the other enzymes are less explored. Published data however often appear to be conflicting, the applied methods divers and the specificity of the assays used questionable. In conclusion, information on the expression of the proline-specific peptidases in the healthy and diseased lung is lacking, begging for further well-designed research.
A laser-induced fluorescence instrument for aircraft measurements of sulfurdioxide in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (2016)

Abstract. This work describes the development and testing of a new instrument for in situ measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airborne platforms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT–LS). The instrument is based on the laser-induced fluorescence technique and uses the fifth harmonic of a tunable fiber-amplified semiconductor diode laser system at 1084.5 nm to excite SO2 at 216.9 nm. Sensitivity and background checks are achieved in flight by additions of SO2 calibration gas and zero air, respectively. Aircraft demonstration was performed during the NASA Volcano-Plume Investigation Readiness and Gas-Phase and Aerosol Sulfur (VIRGAS) experiment, which was a series of flights using the NASA WB-57F during October 2015 based at Ellington Field and Harlingen, Texas. During these flights, the instrument successfully measured SO2 in the UT–LS at background (non-volcanic) conditions with a precision of 2 ppt at 10 s and an overall uncertainty determined primarily by instrument drifts of ±(16 % + 0.9 ppt).
Two sides of the same coin: stem cells in cancer and regenerative medicine (2014)

Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood, and other origins have recently received much attention as potential therapeutic agents with beneficial immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. In their native tissue environment, however, such cells also appear to have essential functions in building and supporting tumor microenvironments, providing metastatic niches, and maintaining cancer hallmarks. Here, we consider the varied roles of these tissue-resident stroma-associated cells, synthesize recent and emerging discoveries, and discuss the role, potential, and clinical applications of MSCs in cancer and regenerative medicine.-Ilmer, M., Vykoukal, J., Recio Boiles, A., Coleman, M., Alt, E. Two sides of the same coin: stem cells in cancer and regenerative medicine.
LXXII.—The interaction of aromatic disulphides and sulphuric acid (1911)

W. G. Prescott and S. Smiles, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1911, 99, 640 DOI: 10.1039/CT9119900640
Multi-camera activity correlation analysis (2009)

We propose a novel approach for modelling correlations between activities in a busy public space captured by multiple non-overlapping and uncalibrated cameras. In our approach, each camera view is automatically decomposed into semantic regions, across which different spatio-temporal activity patterns are observed. A novel Cross Canonical Correlation Analysis (xCCA) framework is formulated to detect and quantify temporal and causal relationships between regional activities within and across camera views. The approach accomplishes three tasks: (1) estimate the spatial and temporal topology of the camera network; (2) facilitate more robust and accurate person re-identification; (3) perform global activity modelling and video temporal segmentation by linking visual evidence collected across camera views. Our approach differs from the state of the art in that it does not rely on either intra or inter camera tracking. It therefore can be applied to even the most challenging video surveillance settings featured with severe occlusions and extremely low spatial and temporal resolutions. Its effectiveness is demonstrated using 153 hours of videos from 8 cameras installed in a busy underground station.
Luminescence of Zn- and Cd-doped GaN (1972)

The luminescence of epitaxial GaN layers doped with Zn or Cd during growth is characterized, at low doping levels, by the presence of an I1-type line at 3.455 eV at 4.2 K which is attributed to the decay of excitons bound to neutral [inverted lazy s] 190-meV deep Zn or Cd acceptors on Ga sites. In addition, a broad and very efficient (&gt; 12% at 300 K) band centered around 2.85 eV is observed in both vapor- and solution-grown samples and completely dominates the spectrum at high doping levels. Contrary to the usual band-gap dependence, this ``blue'' emission band shifts to slightly higher energies with increasing temperature.
Arterial media calcification in end-stage renal disease: impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (2003)

AMC is a strong prognostic marker of all-cause and CV mortality in HD patients, independently of classical atherogenic factors. The principal effect of AMC on arterial function is increased arterial stiffness.