gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4B-3 A Multi-DOF Positioning Stage based on Novel Piezoelectric Resonant Drive Modules (2006)

Recent advances in measurement systems and machine tools require positioning systems that combine high stiffness with a high positioning accuracy. Moreover, a high positioning speed is favourable. Current solutions of multi-DOF positioning systems are often based on a stacked construction of linear systems consisting of an electromechanical drive, a transmission and a linear guiding system. Due to the series connection of components the resulting stiffness is diminished and the positioning errors are accumulated. However, by integrating the bearing, transmission and drive functions into a multi-DOF positioning system, an accurate and at the same time rigid positioning system can be achieved. This paper presents the design of the piezoelectric drive modules which will be integrated into the proposed multi-DOF positioning system. Due to the different operation modes of the module, a maximum speed of 0.3m/s can be achieved, while a positioning resolution of 10nm is shown. It is also shown that due to an alternative control strategy, an accurate control of the drive modules is possible
Cutting Edge: Resistance to HIV-1 Infection among African Female Sex Workers Is Associated with Inhibitory KIR in the Absence of Their HLA Ligands (2006)

NK cells are regulated in part by killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) that interact with HLA molecules on potential target cells. KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic and certain KIR/HLA combinations were found to protect against HIV disease progression. We show in this study that KIR/HLA interactions also influence resistance to HIV transmission. HIV-exposed but seronegative female sex workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, frequently possessed inhibitory KIR genes in the absence of their cognate HLA genes: KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 heterozygosity in the absence of HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1 homozygosity in the absence of HLA-Bw4. HIV-seropositive female sex workers were characterized by corresponding inhibitory KIR/HLA pairings: KIR2DL3 homozygosity together with HLA-C1 and a trend toward KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 homozygosity. Absence of ligands for inhibitory KIR could lower the threshold for NK cell activation. In addition, exposed seronegatives more frequently possessed AB KIR genotypes, which contain more activating KIR. The data support an important role for NK cells and KIR/HLA interactions in antiviral immunity.
A Viterbi decoder architecture based on parallel processing elements (2002)

An architecture for a VLSI Viterbi decoder chip for digital radio systems with trellis-coded modulation based on multiplexing and interleaving of the convolutional code is presented. The architecture is shown to be well suited for a regular and modular chip design by using parallel processing elements. The basic processing element consists of a RAM and a datapath, which call be pipelined to achieve high data rates. The concept of communication between datapath and RAM, which allows the use of standard RAM macros, and the synchronization of the parallel processing elements performed by a simple finite-state machine are discussed. It is shown that by applying pipelining in the datapath, a high data rate can be reached and that with the modularity and regularity of the architecture, no tuning of extremely time-critical paths or time-critical wiring is necessary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sp1 and krüppel‐like factor family of transcription factors in cell growth regulation and cancer (2001)

The Sp/KLF family contains at least twenty identified members which include Sp1-4 and numerous krüppel-like factors. Members of the family bind with varying affinities to sequences designated as 'Sp1 sites' (e.g., GC-boxes, CACCC-boxes, and basic transcription elements). Family members have different transcriptional properties and can modulate each other's activity by a variety of mechanisms. Since cells can express multiple family members, Sp/KLF factors are likely to make up a transcriptional network through which gene expression can be fine-tuned. 'Sp1 site'-dependent transcription can be growth-regulated, and the activity, expression, and/or post-translational modification of multiple family members is altered with cell growth. Furthermore, Sp/KLF factors are involved in many growth-related signal transduction pathways and their overexpression can have positive or negative effects on proliferation. In addition to growth control, Sp/KLF factors have been implicated in apoptosis and angiogenesis; thus, the family is involved in several aspects of tumorigenesis. Consistent with a role in cancer, Sp/KLF factors interact with oncogenes and tumor suppressors, they can be oncogenic themselves, and altered expression of family members has been detected in tumors. Effects of changes in Sp/KLF factors are context-dependent and can appear contradictory. Since these factors act within a network, this diversity of effects may arise from differences in the expression profile of family members in various cells. Thus, it is likely that the properties of the overall network of Sp/KLF factors play a determining role in regulation of cell growth and tumor progression.
Detection of EpCAM positive and negative circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients (2011)

EpCAM (-) CTCs can not be detected by immunomagnetic EpCAM dependent enrichment methods. EpCAM independent enrichment technologies seem to be superior to detect the entire CTC population. Evaluation of CTCs as prognostic marker should compromise EpCAM (+) and (-) subpopulations.
Realization of high hole concentrations in Mg doped semipolar (101¯1¯) GaN (2006)

The authors report on the growth of Mg doped semipolar (101¯1¯) GaN layers on vicinal (100) MgAl2O4 substrates miscut in the ⟨011⟩ direction by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A maximum hole concentration of 2.4×1018cm−3 and a maximum mobility of 8cm2V−1s−1, respectively, were achieved following a postgrowth thermal annealing step. Although the hole concentration decreased for Mg concentrations greater than 3.3×1019cm−3, significant hole concentrations, combined with the reduction in internal polarization fields, make semipolar GaN layers suitable for the fabrication of high brightness optoelectronic devices.
Aligned silver nanowire-based transparent electrodes for engineering polarisation-selective optoelectronics (2016)

We herein report on a remarkably simple, fast, and economic way of fabricating homogeneous and well oriented silver nanowires (AgNWs) that exhibit strong in-plane electrical and optical anisotropies. Using a small quantity of AgNW suspension, the horizontal-dip (H-dip) coating method was applied, in which highly oriented AgNWs were deposited unidirectionally along the direction of coating over centimetre-scale lengths very rapidly. In applying the H-dip-coating method, we adjusted the shear strain rate of the capillary flow in the Landau-Levich meniscus of the AgNW suspension, which induced a high degree of uniaxial orientational ordering (0.37-0.43) of the AgNWs, comparable with the ordering seen in archetypal nematic liquid crystal (LC) materials. These AgNWs could be used to fabricate not only transparent electrodes, but also LC-alignment electrodes for LC devices and/or polarising electrodes for organic photovoltaic devices, having the potential to revolutionise the architectures of a number of polarisation-selective opto-electronic devices for use in printed/organic electronics.
Improved Synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-5'-adenosineacetic Acid (1983)

An improved synthesis of 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosineacetic acid (5), which is useful as a model nucleotide of adenosine-5'-monophosphate, is presented.
Development of a statistical method to formulate high‐VI hydraulic oils (2001)

Abstract Mobile hydraulic equipment is often subjected to a wide range of operating temperatures, and so must be lubricated with oils with a high viscosity index (VI) in order to maximise efficiency. Formulating high‐VI hydraulic oils is a complex task that requires testing numerous intermediate blends in order to achieve the desired viscosity at both low and high temperatures. With the introduction of the ASTM D 6080 hydraulic oil classification, which defines a separate grade at low and high temperature for high‐VI oils, and further includes VI and viscosity measurements after the sonic shear test, formulating high‐VI hydraulic oils has become even more complex. In order to determine the most effective VI improver to meet a given set of viscosity requirements, a large statistically designed experiment has been carried out. Empirical equations have been obtained that can be used to model the blending efficiency of VI improvers at different temperatures and to estimate their shear stability. This paper shows how the results obtained for 42 hydraulic oils have been used to develop a computer program aimed at facilitating the formulation of high‐VI hydraulic oils.
Herbicidal Activity of Wood Vinegar from Quercus mongolica Fisch (2000)

The objective of this study was to determine if wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity. Growth of plants, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-gulli P. Beauv), quackgrass (Agropyron smithii RYDB), canola (Brassica napus L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon avicennae), indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica), and common sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown on agar batch treated with 0.01% wood vinegar were similar to that of plant without wood vinegar. The growth of such plants, however, reduced at concentrations, and inhibited totally at >5% concentration. In greenhouse study, soil-applied wood vinegar did not inhibit tile growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae even at the highest concentration, 80L , while foliar-applied wood vinegar did inhibit the growth of plants at higher than 40L . Growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae treated with wood vinegar (80L ) was reduced by 71, 46, 24, and 47%, respectively. In field experiment conducted at Chunchon and Taebeck, biomass of weeds treated with wood vinegar at less than 40L were close to that of weeds treated without wood vinegar, while biomass of weeds at 80L was reduced by 34-36%, compared to that of control, at both sites. However, the herbicidal activity of wood vinegar was much lower than that of glyphosate. Results in this study show that wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity, although the herbicidal activity was lower than that of glyphosate, a commercial herbicide.
An Investigation of the Damaged Zone Created by Perforating (1991)

Abstract Underbalance perforation flow experiments were performed on reservoir and outcrop sandstones to investigate the perforation damaged zone. Cores from several different formations were perforated under reservoir conditions. After perforating, the cores were examined using CAT scans (Computer Aided tomography), thin sections and mercury porosimetry. In conjunction with these measurements, permeabilities in the damaged zone were measured using a mini-permeameter and radial flow permeameter or were estimated from pore size distribution. The density and porosity of the damaged zone (at least for saturated rocks) is essentially the same as that in the undamaged rock. The damaged zone is not compacted, contrary to suggestions made in earlier work. However, the creation of this zone involves the destruction of large pores. The volume lost from these pores is replaced by microfractures created when rock grains are fractured by penetration of the shaped charge jet. This reduction in the average pore size causes a reduction in the permeability within the damaged zone. Although direct measurement of this permeability was made difficult by naturally occurring permeability variations, unambiguous measurements were obtained. Based on this work an understanding of the factors which control the permeability in the perforation damaged zone is advanced.
Attack and anomaly detection in IoT sensors in IoT sites using machine learning approaches (2019)

Attack and anomaly detection in the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure is a rising concern in the domain of IoT. With the increased use of IoT infrastructure in every domain, threats and attacks in these infrastructures are also growing commensurately. Denial of Service, Data Type Probing, Malicious Control, Malicious Operation, Scan, Spying and Wrong Setup are such attacks and anomalies which can cause an IoT system failure. In this paper, performances of several machine learning models have been compared to predict attacks and anomalies on the IoT systems accurately. The machine learning (ML) algorithms that have been used here are Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The evaluation metrics used in the comparison of performance are accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. The system obtained 99.4% test accuracy for Decision Tree, Random Forest, and ANN. Though these techniques have the same accuracy, other metrics prove that Random Forest performs comparatively better.
Liposomal Ursolic Acid (Merotaine) Increases Ceramides and Collagen in Human Skin (2000)

Skin wrinkling and xerosis associated with aging result from decreases of dermal collagen and stratum corneum ceramide content. This study demonstrates that ursolic acid incorporated into liposomes (Merotaine) increases both the ceramide content of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes and the collagen content of cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. In clinical tests, Merotaine increased the ceramide content in human skin over an 11-day period. Merotaine has effects on keratinocyte differentiation and dermal fibroblast collagen synthesis similar to retinoids. However, unlike retinoids, Merotaine increases ceramide content of human keratinocytes. Ursolic acid may bind to members of the glucocorticoid receptor family to initiate changes in keratinocyte gene transcription.
The Composition and Structure of Molybdenum Blue (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Composition and Structure of Molybdenum BlueF. B. Schirmer Jr., L. F. Audrieth, S. T. Gross, D. S. McClellan, and L. J. SeppiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 11, 2543–2545Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01263a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01263a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views677Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Statistical timing analysis of flip-flops considering codependent setup and hold times (2008)

Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) plays a key role in determining performance of the VLSI circuits implemented in state-of-the-art CMOS technology. A pre-requisite for employing SSTA is the characterization of the setup and hold times of the latches and flip-flops in the cell library. This paper presents a methodology to exploit the statistical codependence of the setup and hold times. The approach comprises of three steps. In the first step, probability mass function (pmf) of codependent setup and hold time (CSHT) contours are approximated with piecewise linear curves by considering the probability density functions of sources of variability. In the second step, pmf of the required setup and hold times for each flip-flop in the design are computed. Finally, these pmf values are used to compute the probability of individual flip-flops in the design passing the timing constraints and to report the overall pass probability of the flip-flops in the design as a histogram. We applied the proposed method to true single phase clocking flip-flops to generate the piecewise linear curves for CSHT. The characterized flip-flops were instantiated in an example design, on which timing verification was successfully performed.
Theory of negative resistance of junction field-effect transistors (1976)

A general theory of the voltage-controlled negative resistance in a field-effect transistor is presented. The prerequisite to the negative resistance is mathematically determined as a relation among the source-gate voltage, the source-drain voltage, and the pinchoff voltage. It is suggested that there will be a variety of circuit configurations with the positive feedback function applied to the gate of the field-effect transistor. Three basic examples of the practical application of the theory are also given.
Inverse error-diffusion using classified vector quantization (1998)

This correspondence extends and modifies classified vector quantization (CVQ) to solve the problem of inverse halftoning. The proposed process consists of two phases: the encoding phase and decoding phase. The encoding procedure needs a codebook for the encoder which transforms a halftoned image to a set of codeword-indices. The decoding process also requires a different codebook for the decoder which reconstructs a gray-scale image from a set of codeword-indices. Using CVQ, the reconstructed gray-scale image is stored in compressed form and no further compression may be required. This is different from the existing algorithms, which reconstructed a halftoned image in an uncompressed form. The bit rate of encoding a reconstructed image is about 0.51 b/pixel.
Effect of Additional Silane on In Situ H<sub>2</sub> Etching prior to 4H-SiC Homoepitaxial Growth (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A molecular dynamics simulation of double-helical B-DNA including counterions and water. (1985)

We present the results of an atomic level molecular dynamical simulation of a 5-base-pair fragment of double-helical DNA with inclusion of water and sodium counterions and a complete description of their electrostatic interactions. The shape of the double helix is preserved throughout the simulation, and the helix repeat is calculated to be 10.0, in reasonable agreement with experimental results. The most flexible conformational angles in the structure are the glycosidic angle and the sugar pucker.
An Empirical Study Of Software Quality Improvement Practices From Multiple Perspectives - An Australian Case Study. (2007)

The literature on software quality research to date has shown a lack of empirical insight into the use of methods for achieving quality in a real context. Further investigation is required if we want to increase our understanding on how to improve software quality practices. In particular, we wanted to explore the key factors which impact software improvement practices in a case study, by studying the perspectives of three key stakeholders - developers, managers and customers. The selected exemplary case is a small Australian based software company with exceptional record in terms of organizational growth and performance. A qualitative approach was adopted to conduct this exploratory study. Results were analyzed using the Grounded Theory approach to develop an initial framework from the empirical data. We hope that this framework will provide a deeper understanding of the reasons and perceptions for the use of quality methods in practice, and thus have an impact on both researchers and practitioners.
Polymerization of transition metal complexes in solid polymer electrolytes (1986)

K. Honda, J. Ochiai and H. Hayashi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 168 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000168
Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression in Macrophage Response to Peptidoglycan and High Concentration of Lipopolysaccharide Is Involved in NF-κB Activation (2001)

Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) have been found to transduce signals of peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, for NF-kappa B activation. However, little is known about the expression and regulation of the TLR2 gene in monocytes/macrophages in response to the two typical bacterial products. We show in the present study that both PGN and a high concentration of LPS increase TLR2 gene expression in macrophage-like cells, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-differentiated human HL60 and mouse RAW264.7 cells, and human monocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Actinomycin D and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibition of gene transcription and NF-kappa B activation, respectively, blocks LPS- and PGN-elevated TLR2 mRNA in monocytic cells. The LPS-induced increase in TLR2 mRNA in monocytic cells is abolished by polymyxin B pretreatment and is observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs subjected to endotoxic shock. Further, high concentrations of LPS and synthetic lipid A increase TLR2 mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages from both TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mice and normal C3H/HeN mice, a process that constitutes induction of TLR4-independent TLR2 expression. These findings demonstrate that TLR2 gene expression is upregulated in macrophage responses to PGN and to high concentrations of LPS in vitro and in vivo and correlates with NF-kappa B activation.
A recursive random search algorithm for large-scale network parameter configuration (2003)

Parameter configuration is a common procedure used in large-scale network protocols to support multiple operational goals. It can be formulated as a black-box optimization problem and solved with an efficient search algorithm. This paper proposes a new heuristic search algorithm, Recursive Random Search(RRS), for large-scale network parameter optimization. The RRS algorithm is based on the initial high-efficiency feature of random sampling and it attempts to maintain this high efficiency by constantly "restarting" random sampling with adjusted sample spaces. Besides the high efficiency, the RRS algorithm is robust to the effect of random noise and trivial parameters in the objective function because of its root in random sampling. These features are very important for the efficient optimization of network protocol configuration. The performance of RRS is demonstrated with the tests on a suite of benchmark functions. The algorithm has been applied to the configuration of several network protocols, such as RED, OSPF and BGP. One example application in OSPF routing algorithm is presented.