gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SH2 domain proteins as high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase substrates (1993)

Activation of a growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is accompanied by a rapid autophosphorylation of the receptor on tyrosine residues. Receptor activation has been shown to promote the association of signal-transducing proteins containing SH2 domains (second domain of src homology). These receptor-associated proteins can, in turn, be phosphorylated by the RTK, an event which presumably regulates their activities. It has been suggested that SH2 domains in signal-transducing proteins target these proteins as substrates of the activated RTK. To test this hypothesis, recombinant proteins were generated that contained tyrosine phosphorylation sites of the erbB3 receptor and/or the SH2 domain of c-src. Incorporation of the SH2 domain led to a decrease in KM and an increase in Vmax for the substrate. The KM determined for one chimeric SH2/erbB3 substrate was among the lowest reported for epidermal growth factor RTK substrates. Experiments with a truncated kinase lacking C-terminal autophosphorylation sites indicated that the reduction in KM for these substrates was mediated by interactions between the substrate SH2 domain and phosphotyrosine residues of the RTK. These interactions could also inhibit RTK activity. These results demonstrate that the SH2 domain can effectively target substrates to a RTK and that SH2 domain proteins can regulate RTK activity.
Multiple Wavefront Shaping by Metasurface Based on Mixed Random Antenna Groups (2015)

Photonic gradient metasurfaces are ultrathin electromagnetic wave-molding metamaterials that provide a route for realizing flat optics. However, the up-to-date metasurface design, manifested by imprinting the required phase profile for a single, on-demand light manipulation functionality, is not compatible with the desired goal of multifunctional flat optics. Here, we report on a generic concept to control multifunctional optics by disordered (random) gradient metasurfaces with a custom-tailored geometric phase. This approach combines the peculiar ability of random patterns to support an extraordinary information capacity and the polarization helicity control in the geometric phase mechanism, simply implemented in a two-dimensional structured matter by imprinting optical antenna patterns. By manipulating the local orientations of the nanoantennas, we generate multiple wavefronts with different functionalities via mixed random antenna groups, where each group controls a different phase function. Disordered gradient metasurfaces broaden the applicability of flat optics, as they offer all-optical manipulation by multitask wavefront shaping via a single ultrathin nanoscale photonic device.
Description and basic cell kinetics of the murine pericryptal fibroblast sheath. (1981)

The size of the pericryptal fibroblast sheath (PCFS) population was determined by scoring serial sections. There are 38 and 124 PCFS cells per murine small intestinal and colonic crypt, respectively. The cells of the PCFS are slightly weighted towards the lower two-thirds of the crypt in their distribution. The ratio of epithelial cells to PCFS cells is approximately 6.5:1. The in vivo cell kinetics were analysed under control and stressed (fasted-refed) conditions. The control labelling index increases from 8.9% in the small intestine and 7.0% in the colon to peaks 49% and 113% respectively above these values 24 hours after 3HTdR administration. Labelling is observed at all crypt levels equally, and no evidence of vertical migration of labelled PCFS cells was found. Colonic epithelial and PCFS cells show a similar pattern of response to feeding after a fast of 72 hours with respect to time, but a different distribution of response in terms of crypt position.
A novel non-enzymatic lindane sensor based on CuO–MnO<sub>2</sub> hierarchical nano-microstructures for enhanced sensitivity (2015)

In this work, we present new results about the non-enzymatic detection of lindane by using CuO-MnO2 hierarchical nano-microstructures. The linear range for the determination of lindane is up to 700 μM with a limit of detection of 4.8 nM, which is much lower than for other non-enzymatic lindane sensors.
An overview of the Rolls-Royce sCO2-test rig project at Cranfield University (2018)

An experimental facility is currently under development at Cranfield University, aiming to explore\nsupercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid for future bottoming power cycle applications for Rolls-\nRoyce. The initial objectives of this experimental program are to de-risk and demonstrate the robustness\nof a closed loop system, as well as to prove the function and performance of individual components and\nvarious measurement and control modules. This paper describes the planning and development phases\nof the test facility and summarises the lessons learnt from the component specification and component\ninterface processes.
Platelet Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Release During the Development of Nitrate Tolerance (2002)

Three days of continuous transdermal administration of NTG was accompanied by increased platelet NO and O2*- production and NADH oxidase activity that was suppressed by coadministration of oral ascorbate. Although a significant degree of tolerance would be expected during continuous nitrate administration, a residual hemodynamic action could be identified by arterial pulse contour analysis.
Molecular epidemiology: recent advances and future directions (2000)

In 1982 we proposed the concept and a framework for implementing molecular cancer epidemiology. Here, we review progress during the past 17 years in validating and applying this approach to cancer prevention. There have been major advances, notably in the understanding of environment-susceptibility interactions in human cancer. However, a review of major findings to date reveals several urgent research needs to keep pace with the rapid evolution in knowledge of mechanisms in carcinogenesis. Although much valuable progress continues to be made in the study of carcinogens that cause direct DNA damage and are mutagenic, exogenous and endogenous carcinogens can also act by altering gene expression, cell proliferation and differentiation. The mechanisms include aberrant DNA methylation, oxidative damage, effects on metabolism of nitrogen oxide and nitrites, activation of receptors and transcription factors, cyclins and other cell cycle proteins. Sensitive, validated biomarkers are needed to detect these mechanisms in small numbers of cells, tissues or fluids. There is also increasing recognition that individual risk from carcinogen exposure varies as a function of both inherited and acquired factors. Recent advances in genomics, microassay technologies and informatics hold promise for rapid identification of polymorphic variants or changes in expression of genes influencing both response and susceptibility to carcinogens. Another emerging area of molecular epidemiology concerns the role of nutrition and specific dietary factors (including studies on antioxidants, energy metabolism, insulin and various growth factors) and the modulating effect of genetic polymorphisms. Finally, molecular epidemiology has enormous potential in cancer prevention through the early identification of 'at risk' populations and the rapid assessment of intervention efficacy. Its success in fully reaching this potential will depend on the application of validated biomarkers, with adherence to sound epidemiologic and ethical principles.
The tapered slot antenna-a new integrated element for millimeter-wave applications (1989)

Tapered slot antennas (TSAs) with a number of potential applications as single elements and focal plane arrays are discussed. TSAs are fabricated with photolithographic techniques and integrated in either hybrid or MMIC circuits with receiver or transmitter components. They offer considerably narrower beams than other integrated antenna elements and have high aperture efficiency and packing density as array elements. Both the circuit and radiation properties of TSAs are reviewed. Topics covered include: antenna beamwidth, directivity, and gain of single-element TSAs; their beam shape and the effect of different taper shapes; and the input impedance and the effects of using thick dielectrics. These characteristics are also given for TSA arrays as are the circuit properties of the array elements. Different array structures and their applications are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Knowledge base completion via search-based question answering (2014)

Over the past few years, massive amounts of world knowledge have been accumulated in publicly available knowledge bases, such as Freebase, NELL, and YAGO. Yet despite their seemingly huge size, these knowledge bases are greatly incomplete. For example, over 70% of people included in Freebase have no known place of birth, and 99% have no known ethnicity. In this paper, we propose a way to leverage existing Web-search-based question-answering technology to fill in the gaps in knowledge bases in a targeted way. In particular, for each entity attribute, we learn the best set of queries to ask, such that the answer snippets returned by the search engine are most likely to contain the correct value for that attribute. For example, if we want to find Frank Zappa's mother, we could ask the query `who is the mother of Frank Zappa'. However, this is likely to return `The Mothers of Invention', which was the name of his band. Our system learns that it should (in this case) add disambiguating terms, such as Zappa's place of birth, in order to make it more likely that the search results contain snippets mentioning his mother. Our system also learns how many different queries to ask for each attribute, since in some cases, asking too many can hurt accuracy (by introducing false positives). We discuss how to aggregate candidate answers across multiple queries, ultimately returning probabilistic predictions for possible values for each attribute. Finally, we evaluate our system and show that it is able to extract a large number of facts with high confidence.
Context based face anti-spoofing (2013)

The face recognition community has finally started paying more attention to the long-neglected problem of spoofing attacks and the number of countermeasures is gradually increasing. Fairly good results have been reported on the publicly available databases but it is reasonable to assume that there exists no superior anti-spoofing technique due to the varying nature of attack scenarios and acquisition conditions. Therefore, we propose to approach the problem of face spoofing as a set of attack-specific subproblems that are solvable with a proper combination of complementary countermeasures. Inspired by how we humans can perform reliable spoofing detection only based on the available scene and context information, this work provides the first investigation in research literature that attempts to detect the presence of spoofing medium in the observed scene. We experiment with two publicly available databases consisting of several fake face attacks of different nature under varying conditions and imaging qualities. The experiments show excellent results beyond the state of the art. More importantly, our cross-database evaluation depicts that the proposed approach has promising generalization capabilities.
Multiplexing Multiple RTP Sessions onto a Single Lower-Layer Transport (2013)

This memo defines a mechanism to allow multiple RTP sessions to be
multiplexed onto a single lower-layer transport flow (e.g., onto a
single UDP 5-tuple). Requirements for multiplexing RTP sessions are
discussed, along with the trade-off between the different options. A
shim-based multiplexing layer is proposed, along with associated
signalling.
Intrinsically Fluorescent Carbon Nanospheres as a Nuclear Targeting Vector: Delivery of Membrane-Impermeable Molecule to Modulate Gene Expression In Vivo (2008)

In this report, we demonstrate glucose-derived carbon nanospheres to be an emerging class of intracellular carriers. The surfaces of these spheres are highly functionalized and do not need any further modification. Besides, the intrinsic fluorescence property of carbon nanospheres helps in tracking their cellular localization without any additional fluorescent tags. The spheres are found to target the nucleus of the mammalian cells, causing no toxicity. Interestingly, the in vivo experiments show that these nanospheres have an important ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and localize in the brain besides getting localized in the liver and the spleen. There is also evidence to show that they are continuously being removed from these tissues over time. Furthermore, these nanospheres were used as a carrier for the membrane-impermeable molecule CTPB (N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-ethoxybenzamide), the only known small-molecule activator of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300. Biochemical analyses such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis show the induction of the hyperacetylation of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 (autoacetylation) as well as histones both in vitro and in vivo and the activation of HAT-dependent transcription upon CTPB delivery. These results establish an alternative path for the activation of gene expression mediated by the induction of HAT activity instead of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition.
Pronuclear Injection‐Based Targeted Transgenesis (2016)

Microinjection of DNA expression cassettes into fertilized zygotes has been a standard method for generating transgenic animal models. While efficient, the injected DNA integrates randomly into the genome, leading to potential disruption of endogenous genes or regulatory elements, variation in copy number, or integration into heterochromatic regions that inhibit transgene expression. A recently developed method addresses such pitfalls of traditional transgenesis by targeting the transgene to predetermined sites in the genome that can safely harbor exogenous DNA. This method, called Pronuclear Injection-based Targeted Transgenesis (PITT), employs an enzymatic transfer of exogenous DNA from a donor vector to a previously created landing-pad site in the mouse genome. DNA transfer is achieved using molecular tools such as the Cre-LoxP recombinase and PhiC31-attB/P integrase systems. Here, we provide protocols for performing PITT and an overview of the current PITT tools available to the research community. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What makes Paris look like Paris? (2012)

Given a large repository of geotagged imagery, we seek to automatically find visual elements, e. g. windows, balconies, and street signs, that are most distinctive for a certain geo-spatial area, for example the city of Paris. This is a tremendously difficult task as the visual features distinguishing architectural elements of different places can be very subtle. In addition, we face a hard search problem: given all possible patches in all images, which of them are both frequently occurring and geographically informative? To address these issues, we propose to use a discriminative clustering approach able to take into account the weak geographic supervision. We show that geographically representative image elements can be discovered automatically from Google Street View imagery in a discriminative manner. We demonstrate that these elements are visually interpretable and perceptually geo-informative. The discovered visual elements can also support a variety of computational geography tasks, such as mapping architectural correspondences and influences within and across cities, finding representative elements at different geo-spatial scales, and geographically-informed image retrieval.
A Smart Parking System based on IoT protocols and emerging enabling technologies (2015)

Enabling a sustainable mobility is one of primary goals of the so-called Smart City vision, and the development of intelligent parking systems represents a key aspect. To this purpose, this paper presents a novel Smart Parking System based on the jointly use of different technologies, such as RFID, WSN, NFC, Cloud, and mobile. It is able to collect, in real time, both environmental parameters and information about the occupancy state of parking spaces, and to direct drivers to the nearest vacant parking spot by using a customized software application. This last one leverages a NFC-based e-wallet system to allow users to pay for parking fees. Furthermore, a customized software application, installed on a cloud platform, is able to manage alert events (e.g. improper use of a reserved space or expiration of the purchased time). In such a case, it promptly informs the traffic cops through an Android mobile app, which has been designed ad hoc for the considered scenario.
STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF KINETIN<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF KINETIN1Carlos O. Miller, Folke Skoog, Francis Shigeo Okumura, Malcolm H. Von Saltza, and F. M. StrongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 9, 2662–2663Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01614a108https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01614a108research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Janus kinases by SOCS proteins (2013)

JAKs (Janus kinases) are essential mediators of almost all biological signalling events initiated by haemopoietic and immune cytokines. However, aberrant and/or prolonged JAK-induced signalling is detrimental and can give rise to a number of inflammatory and proliferative pathologies. For this reason, the tyrosine kinase activity of the JAKs is carefully regulated at a number of different levels. Primarily, this is achieved by: (i) ensuring that the catalytic domain is 'switched off' under basal conditions, and (ii) inhibiting the activity of JAK after it has been switched on. Whereas the first mode of inhibition is mediated by JAK's own pseudokinase domain as well as the action of phosphatases, the second is achieved by the action of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) proteins, negative-feedback inhibitors of JAK-mediated signalling. The present review focuses on the mode of action of SOCS1 and SOCS3, the two most potent JAK inhibitors.
CFD Simulations of Floating Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Arrays Subjected to Regular Waves (2018)

In this paper we use the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) toolbox OpenFOAM to perform numerical simulations of multiple floating point absorber wave energy converters (WECs) arranged in a geometrical array configuration inside a numerical wave tank (NWT). The two-phase Navier-Stokes fluid solver is coupled with a motion solver to simulate the hydrodynamic flow field around the WECs and the wave-induced rigid body heave motion of each WEC within the array. In this study, the numerical simulations of a single WEC unit are extended to multiple WECs and the complexity of modelling individual floating objects close to each other in an array layout is tackled. The NWT is validated for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations by using experimental measurements for an array of two, five and up to nine heaving WECs subjected to regular waves. The validation is achieved by using mathematical models to include frictional forces observed during the experimental tests. For all the simulations presented, a good agreement is found between the numerical and the experimental results for the WECs’ heave motions, the surge forces on the WECs and the perturbed wave field around the WECs. As a result, our coupled CFD–motion solver proves to be a suitable and accurate toolbox for the study of fluid-structure interaction problems of WEC arrays.
Increased Numbers of Heat-resistant Spores Produced by Two Strains of Clostridium perfringens Bearing Temperate Phage s9 (1977)

Sporulation kinetics and spore heat resistance data were compared for a lysogenic strain of Clostridium perfringens, s9, before and after curing with ultraviolet irradiation. The cured strain showed the same growth rate in broth media as the lysogenic strain but took 6 h longer to form refractile spores. For lysogenized and cured strains the percentages of refractile spores produced that were heat-resistant (80 degrees C for 15 min) were 50 and 0.2, respectively. When reinfected with the temperature phage, the cured strain produced spores in 2 to 3 h, like the original lysogenic culture, and 10% of the spores produced were heat-resistnat.
Metabolism of thromboxane B2 in man. Identification of twenty urinary metabolites. (1981)

SHs]Thromboxane Bz (12.2 Ci/mol) was infused into a healthy adult male.Urinary metabolites of thromboxane Bz were isolated by reversed phase partition chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography.Structural identification of metabolites was accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Twenty metabolites were identified.Three primary pathways of metabolism of thromboxane Bz were found.A small quantity of thromboxane Bz was excreted unchanged, representing 2.5% of total recovered radioactivity.Two additional metabolites retained the original thromboxane Bz hemiacetal ring; one of these metabolites, 2,3-dinor-thromboxane Bz, was the major urinary metabolite and represented 23.0% of total recovered radioactivity.The other, 2,3,4,5-tetranorthromboxane Bz, represented 5.3% of total recovered radioactivity.T w o metabolites representing 1.1% of total recovered radioactivity had initially undergone reduction of the hemiacetal ring and indicated a second but relatively minor pathway of metabolism.A major pathway of metabolism was found to involve dehydrogenation of the hemiacetal alcohol group of thromboxane Bz resulting in a series of metabolites with a 6lactone ring.Sixteen metabolites representing 29.3% of total recovered radioactivity were identified as products of this pathway of metabolism.Thromboxane Az is a labile metabolite of prostaglandin G2 with potent biological activity (1).TxA2' contracts vascular smooth muscle including that of the coronary arteries (2) and induces irreversible platelet aggregation (1).A means to assess production of thromboxanes in vivo in man should have important biological applications as a tool to investigate the role of thromboxanes in human disease.Since thromboxanes are released in substantial quantities from aggregating platelets, quantification of in vivo thromboxane production may provide a means to asses in vivo platelet aggregation and