gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity of CdTe Quantum Dots (2008)

The antimicrobial activity and mechanism of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) against Escherichia coli were investigated in this report. Colony-forming capability assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that the QDs can effectively kill the bacteria in a concentration-dependent manner. Results of photoluminescence spectrophotometry, confocal microscopy, and antioxidative response tests indicate that the QDs bind with bacteria and impair the functions of a cell's antioxidative system, including down-regulations of antioxidative genes and decreases of antioxidative enzymes activities. The oxidative damage of protein and lipid is also observed with thiobarbituric reacting substances and protein carbonyl assays, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of CdTe QDs involves QDs-bacteria association and a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway. Thus, CdTe QDs could have the potential to be formulated as a novel antimicrobial material with excellent optical properties.
Manganese reduction by a marine Bacillus species (1986)

Mature dormant spores of marine Bacillus sp. strain SG1 catalyze the oxidation of Mn(II) to MnO2. We report that vegetative cells of the same strain reduced MnO2 under low-oxygen conditions. The rate of reduction was a function of cell concentration. The process had a pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.0 and was inhibited by HgCl2, by preheating of the cells at 80 degrees C for 5 min, by antimycin A, and by N-heptyl-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide. At a nonlimiting O2 concentration, little MnO2 reduction was observed. Under these conditions, the process could be induced by the addition of NaN3. Spectrophotometric analysis of the Bacillus cells indicated the presence of type b and c cytochromes. Both types can be oxidized in situ by addition of MnO2 to the cells.
ARGOS (1973)

“ARGOS” (ARGonne Operating System), which runs on a Xerox Sigma 5 hardware configuration, provides a dynamic multiprogrammed environment which supports the following: data acquisition and interactive control for numerous (currently 19) independently running on-line laboratory experiments; three interactive graphics terminals; FORTRAN IV-H executing at each of 23 remote time-shared terminals; a jobstream from open-shop batch processing; long-term low priority computations (100 CPU hours). The system guarantees the protection of each user's interests by the utilization of the hardware memory-protection feature, internal clocks and disallowing the execution of privileged instructions by user programs. The system is interrupt-driven, with each task running to completion, contingent on its priority. System resources are provided on a first come first served basis, except that rotating memory is queued by request position. System CALLs provide users full access to hardware capability, thus providing user-directed file formats and insuring a minimum of system overhead. However, at some sacrifice in overhead, the user can make use of FORTRAN record-blocking. Core memory, disk space and magnetic tape usage, are assigned dynamically. Parametrization of the system is such that terminal characteristics are specified (one parameter card/terminal) at boot-in time (once/week after preventive maintenance).
Image Registration for Quantitative Parametric Response Mapping of Cancer Treatment Response (2014)

Imaging biomarkers capable of early quantification of tumor response to therapy would provide an opportunity to individualize patient care. Image registration of longitudinal scans provides a method of detecting treatment associated changes within heterogeneous tumors by monitoring alterations in the quantitative value of individual voxels over time, which is unattainable by traditional volumetric-based histogram methods. The concepts involved in the use of image registration for tracking and quantifying breast cancer treatment response using parametric response mapping (PRM), a voxel-based analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) scans, are presented. Application of PRM to breast tumor response detection is described, wherein robust registration solutions for tracking small changes in water diffusivity in breast tumors during therapy are required. Methodologies that employ simulations are presented for measuring expected statistical accuracy of PRM for response assessment. Test-retest clinical scans are used to yield estimates of system noise to indicate significant changes in voxel-based changes in water diffusivity. Overall, registration-based PRM image analysis provides significant opportunities for voxel-based image analysis to provide the required accuracy for early assessment of response to treatment in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Guanosine supplementation reduces apoptosis and protects renal function in the setting of ischemic injury (2001)

Ischemic injury to the kidney is characterized in part by nucleotide depletion and tubular cell death in the form of necrosis or apoptosis. Recently, we linked anoxia-induced apoptosis in renal cell cultures specifically to the depletion of GTP. We therefore hypothesized that enhancing GTP repletion in vivo might protect function by reducing apoptosis in postischemic tubules. Male C57 black mice (the "I" group of animals) underwent bilateral renal artery clamp for 32 minutes to induce ischemia and then received either normal saline ("NS") or guanosine ("G"). After 1 hour of reperfusion, renal GTP levels in NS/I were reduced to nearly half of those in sham operated mice, whereas these levels were nearly unchanged in G/I mice. Morphologic examination of tubular injury revealed no significant differences between the two groups. However, there was a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic tubular cells in the medulla in the G/I group as compared with the NS/I group. At 24 hours, creatinine was significantly elevated in the NS/I group, compared to the G/I group. We conclude that guanosine protects against renal ischemic injury by replenishing GTP stores and preventing tubular apoptosis.
Chronic neurobehavioural effects of elemental mercury in dentists. (1992)

Neurobehavioural tests were performed by 98 dentists (mean age 32, range 24-49) exposed to elemental mercury vapour and 54 controls (mean age 34, range 23-50) with no history of occupational exposure to mercury. The dentists were exposed to an average personal air concentration time weighted average (TWA) of 0.014 (range 0.0007-0.042) mg/m3 for a mean period of 5.5 (range 0.7-24) years and had a mean blood mercury concentration of 9.8 (range 0.6-57) micrograms/l. In neurobehavioural tests measuring motor speed (finger tapping), visual scanning (trail making), visuomotor coordination and concentration (digit symbol), verbal memory (digit span, logical memory delayed recall), visual memory (visual reproduction, immediate and delayed recall), and visuomotor coordination speed (bender-gestalt time), the performance of the dentists was significantly worse than that of the controls. The dentists scored 3.9 to 38.9% (mean 13.9%) worse in these tests. In trail making, digit span, logical memory delayed recall, visual reproduction delayed recall, and bender-gestalt time test scores were more than 10% poorer. In each of the tests in which significant differences were found and in the block design time, the performance decreased as the exposed dose (product of the TWA of air mercury concentrations and the years of exposure) increased. These results raise the question as to whether the current threshold limit value of 0.050 mg/m3 (TWA) provides adequate protection against adverse effects of mercury.
High nitrogen supply and carbohydrate content reduce fungal endophyte and alkaloid concentration in <i>Lolium perenne</i> (2006)

The relationship between cool-season grasses and fungal endophytes is widely regarded as mutualistic, but there is growing uncertainty about whether changes in resource supply and environment benefit both organisms to a similar extent. Here, we infected two perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars (AberDove, Fennema) that differ in carbohydrate content with three strains of Neotyphodium lolii (AR1, AR37, common strain) that differ intrinsically in alkaloid profile. We grew endophyte-free and infected plants under high and low nitrogen (N) supply and used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate endophyte concentrations in harvested leaf tissues. Endophyte concentration was reduced by 40% under high N supply, and by 50% in the higher sugar cultivar. These two effects were additive (together resulting in 75% reduction). Alkaloid production was also reduced under both increased N supply and high sugar cultivar, and for three of the four alkaloids quantified, concentrations were linearly related to endophyte concentration. The results stress the need for wider quantification of fungal endophytes in the grassland-foliar endophyte context, and have implications for how introducing new cultivars, novel endophytes or increasing N inputs affect the role of endophytes in grassland ecosystems.
Primary Hydroxyl Groups in Hydrolyzed Cellulose Acetate<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrimary Hydroxyl Groups in Hydrolyzed Cellulose Acetate1Carl J. Malm, Leo J. Tanghe, and Barbara C. LairdCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2674–2678Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relationship between magnetic gears and vernier machines (2011)

It is demonstrated that a vernier machine and a magnetic gear work under a same principle, and the vernier machine teeth perform the flux modulation function, same as the ferromagnetic pieces do in a magnetic gear. A vernier machine is equal to a system consisting of a magnetic gear and a normal machine. Moreover, this paper presents how to convert a magnetic gear machine system to a vernier machine, and discusses structure differences among vernier machine, magnetic gear, and many other magnetic gear based topologies. It is illustrated that all these topologies share a same operation principle. This conclusion is verified by FEA simulation results. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of each topology are discussed and some application suggestions are given as well.
Influence of instantaneous mode competition on the dynamics of semiconductor lasers (2002)

Comprehensive theoretical investigations of the influence of instantaneous mode-competition phenomena on the dynamics of semiconductor lasers are introduced. The analyzes are based on numerical simulations of the multimode rate equations superposed by Langevin noise sources that account for the intrinsic fluctuations associated with the spontaneous emission. Numerical generation of the Langevin noise sources is performed in such a way as to keep the correlation of the modal photon number with the injected electron number. The gain saturation effects, which cause competition phenomena among lasing modes, are introduced based on a self-consistent model. The effect of the noise sources on the mode-competition phenomena is illustrated. The mode-competition phenomena induce instantaneous coupling among fluctuations in the intensity of modes, which induce instabilities in the mode dynamics and affect the state of operation. The dynamics of modes and the characteristics of the output spectrum are investigated over wide ranges of the injection current and the linewidth enhancement factor in both AlGaAs-GaAs and InGaAsP-InP laser systems. Operation is classified into stable single mode, stable multimode, hopping multimode, and jittering single mode. Based on the present results, the experimental observations of multimode oscillation in InGaAsP-InP lasers are explained as results of the large value of the linewidth enhancement factor.
Detection of cancer cells using a peptidenanotube–folic acid modified graphene electrode (2012)

This article describes the preparation of a graphene electrode modified with a new conjugate of peptide nanotubes and folic acid for the selective detection of human cervical cancer cells over-expressing folate receptors. The functionalization of peptide nanotubes with folic acid was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The peptide nanotube-folic acid modified graphene electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The modification of the graphene electrode with peptide nanotube-folic acid led to an increase in the current signal. The human cervical cancer cells were bound to the modified electrode through the folic acid-folate receptor interaction. Cyclic voltammograms in the presence of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) as a redox species demonstrated that the binding of the folate receptor from human cervical cancer cells to the peptide nanotube-folic acid modified electrode lowered the electron transfer resulting in a decrease in the measured current. A detection limit of 250 human cervical cancer cells per mL was obtained. Control experiments confirmed that the peptide nanotube-folic acid electrode specifically recognized folate receptors. The modified electrode described here opens up new possibilities for future applications in early stage diagnoses of diseases where cells over-express folate receptors, such as in cancer or leishmaniasis disease.
Synthese von 4(5)‐acyl‐5(4)‐alkylimidazolen aus symmetrischen 1,3‐dicarbonylverbindungen (1979)

Synthesis of 4(5)‐Acyl‐5(4)‐alkylimidazoles from Symmetrical 1,3‐Diones A new synthesis of 4(5)‐acyl‐5(4)‐alkylimidazoles 1 is described. The symmetrical 1,3‐diones 5a and 5b were reacted with N 2 O 4 to give the nitro compounds 7a and 7b , respectively; 5c was treated with NaNO 2 to give the nitroso compound 7c ( Scheme 2 ). Hydrogenation of 7a , 7b and 7c over Pd/C in acetic acid/acetic formic anhydride yielded the formamides 9a , 9b and 9c , whose cyclization in formamide/formic acid afforded the 4(5)‐acyl‐5(4)‐alkylimidazoles 1a, 1b and 1c , respectively. Oxazoles 11a and 11b were obtained from the corresponding formamides 9a and 9b with methanesulfonic acid/P 2 O 5 .
Tertiary model of a plant cellulose synthase (2013)

A 3D atomistic model of a plant cellulose synthase (CESA) has remained elusive despite over forty years of experimental effort. Here, we report a computationally predicted 3D structure of 506 amino acids of cotton CESA within the cytosolic region. Comparison of the predicted plant CESA structure with the solved structure of a bacterial cellulose-synthesizing protein validates the overall fold of the modeled glycosyltransferase (GT) domain. The coaligned plant and bacterial GT domains share a six-stranded β-sheet, five α-helices, and conserved motifs similar to those required for catalysis in other GT-2 glycosyltransferases. Extending beyond the cross-kingdom similarities related to cellulose polymerization, the predicted structure of cotton CESA reveals that plant-specific modules (plant-conserved region and class-specific region) fold into distinct subdomains on the periphery of the catalytic region. Computational results support the importance of the plant-conserved region and/or class-specific region in CESA oligomerization to form the multimeric cellulose-synthesis complexes that are characteristic of plants. Relatively high sequence conservation between plant CESAs allowed mapping of known mutations and two previously undescribed mutations that perturb cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana to their analogous positions in the modeled structure. Most of these mutation sites are near the predicted catalytic region, and the confluence of other mutation sites supports the existence of previously undefined functional nodes within the catalytic core of CESA. Overall, the predicted tertiary structure provides a platform for the biochemical engineering of plant CESAs.
The Replacement Demand for Motor Vehicles: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances (2003)

The motor vehicle industry has undergone important changes in recent years, including a shift in production from autos to light trucks and growth of vehicle leasing. This paper uses household-level data from the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances to document changes in households' acquisitions and financing of motor vehicles from 1989 to 2001. We examine what types of vehicles households had, what financing arrangements were used to acquire them, and how vehicle holdings vary with such household characteristics as income, age, wealth, and creditworthiness. The data provide useful insights into the determinants of replacement demand and the use of alternative financing arrangements like leasing.
Somatic microindels: analysis in mouse soma and comparison with the human germline (2006)

Microindels, defined as mutations that result in a colocalized microinsertion and microdeletion with a net gain or loss of between 1 and 50 nucleotides, may be an important contributor to cancer. We report the first comprehensive analysis of somatic microindels. Our large database of mutations in the lacI transgene of Big Blue((R)) mice contains 0.5% microindels, 2.8% pure microinsertions, and 11.5% pure microdeletions. There appears to be no age, gender, or tissue-type specificity in the frequency of microindels. Of the independent somatic mutations that result in a net in-frame insertion or deletion, microindels are responsible for 13% of protein expansions and 6% of protein contractions. These in-frame microindels may play a crucial role in oncogenesis and evolution via "protein tinkering" (i.e., modest expansion or contraction of proteins). Four characteristics suggest that microindels are caused by unique mechanisms, not just simple combinations of the same mechanisms that cause pure microinsertions and pure microdeletions. First, microinsertions and microdeletions commonly occur at hotspots, but none of the 30 microindels are recurrent. Second, the sizes of the deletions and insertions in microindels are larger and more varied than in pure microdeletions and pure microinsertions. Third, microinsertions overwhelmingly repeat the adjacent base (97%) while the insertions in microindels do so only infrequently (17%). Fourth, analysis of the sequence contexts of microindels is consistent with unique mechanisms including recruitment of translesion DNA synthesis polymerases. The mouse somatic microindels have characteristics similar to those of human germline microindels, consistent with similar causative mechanisms in mouse and human, and in soma and germline.
[Inhibitory effect of Kanpo-medicines: saiboku-to, syouseryu-to, sairei-to on Dermatophagoides farinae antigen-induced IL2 responsiveness in lymphocytes from patients with bronchial asthma and their comparison]. (1996)

We had previously reported that antigen-induced IL2 responsiveness by lymphocytes can be used to identify etiological allergens and to monitor the clinical activity in atopic diseases. The effect of Kanpo-Medicines; Saiboku-to, Syoseiryu-to, Sairei-to, antiallergic agents, on Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) antigen-induced interleukin 2 (IL2) responsiveness from patients with bronchial asthma was studied and compared among 3 Kanpo-medicines. Allergen-sensitized patient mononuclear cells pretreated with 30-30,000 ng/ml doses of Saiboku-to for 16 hours failed to induce responsiveness to IL2 on stimulation with Df antigen in 8 patients out of 11 (73%). The cells treated with 30 micrograms/ml of Syoseiryu-to also failed to introduce the response in 6 out of 10 (60%) with less frequency compared with Saiboku-to. Sairei-to also suppressed the response on stimulation with a 10 micrograms/ml dose alone in 1 x 10(-3)-1 x 10(-4)ng/ml doses examined in 6 patients out of 17 (35%) with much less frequency and % inhibition. Also Saiboku-to and Sairei-to not Syoseiryu-to inhibited purified protein derivatives (PPD)-induced IL2 responsiveness. However. These agents failed to suppress the Con A-induced IL2 responsiveness. Antigen-presenting adherent cells were more susceptible to any Kanpo-medicines studied rather than IL2-responding T cells except Sairei-to. These results indicated that Kanpo-medicines studied have a weak immuno-suppressive property resulting in inhibiting antigen-induced IL2-responsiveness. Suppressive effects of each Kanpo-medicine seemed to depend on combinations and doses of their elements (Syouyaku). Decreased suppressive effect of higher doses of any Kanpo-medicine was likely to be mitogenic effects of each element on T cells.
Interpretable boosted naïve Bayes classification (1998)

Voting methods such as boosting and bagging provide substantial improvements in classification performance in many problem domains. However, the resulting predictions can prove inscrutable to end-users. This is especially problematic in domains such as medicine, where end-user acceptance often depends on the ability of a classifier to explain its reasoning. Here we propose a variant of the boosted naïve Bayes classifier that facilitates explanations while retaining predictive performance. Introduction Efforts to develop classifiers with strong discrimination power using voting methods have marginalized the importance of comprehensibility. Bauer and Kohavi [1998] state that &quot;for learning tasks where comprehensibility is not crucial, voting methods are extremely useful.&quot; However, as many authors have pointed out, problem domains, such as credit approval and medical diagnosis, do require interpretable as well as accurate classification methods. For instance, Swartout [1983] commented tha...
Gestural interfaces (2010)

column Share on Gestural interfaces: a step backward in usability Authors: Donald A. Norman Nielsen Norman Group and Northwestern University Nielsen Norman Group and Northwestern UniversityView Profile , Jakob Nielsen Nielsen Norman Group Nielsen Norman GroupView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 17Issue 5September + October 2010 pp 46–49https://doi.org/10.1145/1836216.1836228Online:01 September 2010Publication History 128citation5,544DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations128Total Downloads5,544Last 12 Months395Last 6 weeks32 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access