gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Posttraumatic stress disorder (psychiatric injury) after road traffic accidents in forensic medicine: a primary study]. (2006)

The higher PTSD incidence existed in the RTA victims who applied to court for a costs order, and acquirement of awarded costs could obviously prevent PTSD.
The impact of agricultural research in tropical Africa : a study of the collaboration between the international and national research systems (1987)

CGIAR Study Paper on the problems and opportunities of international agricultural research in Sub Saharan Africa, and the impact of CGIAR Centers on African national agricultural research systems and on agricultural production and food security in Africa. Written by Hans E. Jahnke, Dieter Kirschke, and Johannes Lagermann and published as CGIAR Study Paper No. 21, part of the series comprising the CGIAR Impact Study of the 1980s.
Effect of Orthokeratology on Peripheral Aberrations of the Eye (2009)

Although orthokeratology can correct peripheral relative hypermetropia it induces dramatic increases in higher-order aberrations across the field.
Machine type communications in 3GPP systems (2012)

3GPP studies indicate that for mobile networks to be competitive for mass machine-type applications, it is important to optimize their support for the expected huge growth of connected devices due to uptake of machine-type communications. In this article we briefly describe the architectural enhancements in 3GPP systems to better facilitate machine type communication. We highlight key architectural changes, functionality of new network elements to support new features such as device triggering, packet switched subscriptions including short message service via PS domain and SMS in MME. We also describe overload control mechanisms to prevent overload situations caused by synchronous connection requests from large numbers of MTC devices to the 3GPP system. Finally, we discuss how this work is expected to evolve in future 3GPP releases.
Gas Turbine Bottoming Cycles: Triple-Pressure Steam Versus Kalina (1995)

The performance of a triple-pressure steam cycle has been compared with a single-stage Kalina cycle and an optimized three-stage Kalina cycle as the bottoming sections of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant. A Monte Carlo direct search was used to find the optimum separator temperature and ammonia mass fraction for the three-stage Kalina cycle for a specific plant configuration. Both Kalina cycles were more efficient than the triple pressure steam cycle. Optimization of the three-stage Kalina cycle resulted in almost a two percentage point improvement.
Surface‐active properties of sodium salts of sulfated fatty acid monoglycerides (1960)

Summary Sodium salts of fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates have been prepared by sulfating purified monoglycerides with chlorosulfonic acid or a pyridine‐sulfur trioxide complex and subsequent neutralizing. Surface tension, interfacial tension, wetting, suspending and foaming characteristics, calcium stability, and emulsifying property (including stability of the emulsion obtained) of the aqueous solution of these surfactants from C 12 , C 14 , C 16 , and C 18 saturated fatty acids and from oleic acid and linoleic acids have been determined and evaluated. With the exception of the wetting characteristic which was found to be optimum in the case of the more hydrophilic products (like those from lauric and linoleic acids) the remaining properties were found to reach a maximum value when the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic balance in the surfactant molecule was seemingly optimum, as attained by myristic and oleic acid products.
Metal-Mediated Control of the Activity of Bacillus subtilis Superoxide Dismutase. (1999)

A Bacillus subtilis sodA recombinant plasmid, pMW-sod, was introduced into a Sod-deficient strain E. coli IM303 (sodA, sodB). The activity of superoxide dismutase in the crude extract of E. coli IM303 bearing pMW-sod was markedly increased by the addition of an inducer, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, in Mn2+-supplemented medium; in contrast, it was kept at the basal level in Fe2+-supplemented medium. However, the specific activity of B. subtilis SodA purified from this strain was extremely low, compared with that from B. subtilis. An atomic absorption analysis revealed that a relatively high content of Fe2+ was bound to this purified B. subtilis SodA. We further demonstrated that this purified B. subtilis SodA was activated by incubation with manganese salt. These results suggest that B. subtilis SodA was posttranslationally regulated by the manganese in vivo and in vitro.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2009)

Objective: This study aims to evaluate ADHD-like symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on single-item analysis, as well as the comparison of two ASD subsamples of children with ADHD (ASD+) and without ADHD (ASD-). Methods: Participants are 83 children with ASD. Dimensional and categorical aspects of ADHD are evaluated using a diagnostic symptom checklist according to DSM-IV. Results: Of the sample, 53% fulfill DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The comparison of the ASD+ and the ASD- samples reveals differences in age and IQ. Correlations of ADHD and PDD show significant results for symptoms of hyperactivity with impairment in communication and for inattention with stereotyped behavior. Item profiles of ADHD symptoms in the ASD+ sample are similar to those in a pure ADHD sample. Conclusion: The results of our study reveal a high phenotypical overlap between ASD and ADHD. The two identified subtypes , inattentive-stereotyped and hyperactive-communication impaired, reflect the DSM classification and may theoretically be a sign of two different neurochemical pathways, a dopaminergic and a serotonergic. ( J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 13(2) 117-126)
High Frequency of Rifampin Resistance Identified in an Epidemic<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Clone from a Large Teaching Hospital (2009)

Rifampin resistance is common among epidemic clone C. difficile isolates at our institution. Exposure to rifamycins before the development of C. difficile-associated disease was a risk factor for rifampin-resistant C. difficile infection. The use of rifaximin may be limited for treatment of C. difficile-associated disease at our institution.
A Review of Facial Landmark Extraction in 2D Images and Videos Using Deep Learning (2019)

The task of facial landmark extraction is fundamental in several applications which involve facial analysis, such as facial expression analysis, identity and face recognition, facial animation, and 3D face reconstruction. Taking into account the most recent advances resulting from deep-learning techniques, the performance of methods for facial landmark extraction have been substantially improved, even on in-the-wild datasets. Thus, this article presents an updated survey on facial landmark extraction on 2D images and video, focusing on methods that make use of deep-learning techniques. An analysis of many approaches comparing the performances is provided. In summary, an analysis of common datasets, challenges, and future research directions are provided.
Bioactive peptides and lactic fermentations (2006)

Milk proteins contain regions within their primary structures that encrypt for many latent biological activities. The beneficial health effects associated with some fermented dairy products may, in part, be attributed to the release of bioactive peptide sequences during the fermentation process. Peptides displaying opioid, mineral binding, cytomodulatory and hypotensive activities, for example, have been identified in cheese and yogurt. Much effort has to date concentrated on the release of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides due to their potential to act as hypotensive agents. Peptide fractions obtained by hydrophobic interaction chromatography of different cheese varieties (Blue, Camembert, Edam, Emmental, Gouda and Havarti) were reported to give systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreases in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) ranging from 7.1 to 29.3 mm mercury (Hg). Skim milks fermented with various strains of Lactobacillus helveticus , and in one case also with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , have been reported to display SBP decreases in mildly hypertensive human volunteers ranging from 4.6 to 14.1 mmHg. These human hypotensive effects have, in part, been attributed to the release of potent casein‐derived tripeptide inhibitors of ACE during fermentation. In general, the likelihood of any bioactive peptide released during fermentation mediating a physiological response is dependent on the ability of that peptide to reach an appropriate target site. Therefore, peptides may need to be resistant to further degradation by gastrointestinal and serum proteinases/peptidases following oral ingestion in order to display a functional food effect.
Silane primers rather than heat treatment contribute to adhesive bonding between tri-n-butylborane resin and a machinable leucite-reinforced ceramic (2011)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of silane primers with and without heat treatment on bonding between a resin and a leucite-reinforced ceramic (GN-Ceram). Six dental primers (GC Ceramic Primer, GP; Clearfil Ceramic Primer, CP; RelyX Ceramic Primer, RP; Tokuso Ceramic Primer, TP; Shofu Porcelain Primer, SP; and Porcelain Liner M, PM) and five experimental primers (MDS, MTS, MDES, MTES, and ATS) were evaluated. GN-Ceram specimen was primed, heated at 100°C for 60 min (Heat), and then bonded to a resin composite using a self-curing resin. Shear bond testing revealed that GP, GP/Heat, CP, CP/Heat, RP, RP/Heat, TP, TP/Heat, SP, SP/Heat, PM, PM/Heat, MDS/Heat, MTS, MTS/Heat, and ATS/Heat exhibited superior bond strengths. No-primer, No-primer/Heat, MDS, MDES, MTES, and ATS exhibited low bond strengths, while there were no significant differences in bond strength among SP, MDS, MDES/Heat, and MTES/Heat. It seemed that heat treatment improved the bonding performance for MDS, MTES, and ATS only.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are inherited from parents and they measure heritable events. (2005)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are extensively used in case-control studies of practically all cancer types. They are used for the identification of inherited cancer susceptibility genes and those that may interact with environmental factors. However, being genetic markers, they are applicable only on heritable conditions, which is often a neglected fact. Based on the data in the nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we review familial risks for all main cancers and discuss the evidence for a heritable component in cancer. The available evidence is not conclusive but it is consistent in pointing to a minor heritable etiology in cancer, which will hamper the success of SNP-based association studies. Empirical familial risks should be used as guidance for the planning of SNP studies. We provide calculations for the assessment of familial risks for assumed allele frequencies and gene effects (odds ratios) for different modes of inheritance. Based on these data, we discuss the gene effects that could account for the unexplained proportion of familial breast and lung cancer. As a conclusion, we are concerned about the indiscriminate use of a genetic tool to cancers, which are mainly environmental in origin. We consider the likelihood of a successful application of SNPs in gene-environment studies small, unless established environmental risk factors are tested on proven candidate genes.
Direct measurement and simulation techniques for analysis of radiation flux on a linear PV concentrator (2006)

For a linear reflective photovoltaic concentrator, small regions of low radiation flux can significantly reduce the output current of an entire array. Therefore, understanding the causes of light non-uniformities along the focal line is crucial in the design of a trough concentrator. Typically, the flux profile is dependent on factors such as the mirror shape accuracy, gaps between mirrors and shading due to receiver supports. Radiation flux profiles have been measured on the combined heat and power solar (CHAPS) collectors developed at the Australian National University (ANU). The results for the first prototype showed significant variation in the radiation flux intensity along the length. The effect of imperfections in the mirror shape has been studied using ray tracing techniques and the software package Opticad. The simulations allowed the individual effects of mirror shape imperfections, gaps between mirrors and shading to be examined. It was found that small variations from the ideal mirror shape could cause large variation in the longitudinal radiation flux profile. Finally, techniques to minimise the drop in performance of a PV concentrator due to flux non-uniformities are discussed, including use of bypass diodes and choice of solar cells. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PI3K p110α Isoform-Dependent Rho GTPase Rac1 Activation Mediates H2S-Promoted Endothelial Cell Migration via Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization (2012)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is now considered as the third gaseotransmitter, however, the signaling pathways that modulate the biomedical effect of H(2)S on endothelial cells are poorly defined. In the present study, we found in human endothelial cells that H(2)S increased cell migration rates and induced a marked reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which was prevented by depletion of Rac1. Pharmacologic inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) both blunted the activation of Rac1 and the promotion of cell migration induced by H(2)S. Moreover, H(2)S-induced Rac1 activation was selectively dependent on the presence of the PI3K p110α isoform. Activated Rac1 by H(2)S thus in turn resulted in the phosphorylation of the F-actin polymerization modulator, cofilin. Additionally, inhibiting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased the augmented cell migration rate by H(2)S, but had no effect on Rac1 activation. These results indicate that Rac1 conveys the H(2)S signal to microfilaments inducing rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton that regulates cell migration. VEGFR-PI3K was found to be upstream pathway of Rac1, while cofilin acted as a downstream effector of Rac1. ERK was also shown to be involved in the action of H(2)S on endothelial cell migration, but independently of Rac1.
Waveguide Diffraction Gratings In Integrated Optics (1985)

A discussion of the various TE-TE and TM-TM coupling coefficients derived for both normal and oblique incidence to the rulings of a corrugated waveguide diffraction grating is presented. It is shown that the substantial disparity between the TM-TM coupling coefficients can result in vastly different predictions of peak grating reflectivity. We conclude that experimental examination of the coupling coefficients is necessary before the accurate design and analysis of waveguide gratings can be achieved.
West Indian Immigrants: Those Arrogant Bastards (2024)

This article explores the attitudes of U.S. blacks toward Caribbean immigrants. Walter has been published widely on Caribbean immigration, and United States political and labor organizations.
Recent advances in the identification of hepatitis viruses (1977)

Resulting directly from the discovery of virus-related antigens, rapid progress has marked the last decade of viral hepatitis research. The hepatitis B virion has been tentatively identified as a DNA virus with an endogenous DNA polymerase, and new serological markers for type B hepatitis have been discovered. Hepatitis A antigen has been identified on a virus-like particle thought to be the hepatitis A virion. Progressively more sophisticated assays for hepatitis antigens and antibodies have been applied to the study of viral hepatitis epidemiology and biochemical-biophysical characterization of the agents. Most recently, knowledge learned from such studies has been exploited to develop a prototype non-infectious but immunogenic hepatitis B vaccine using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) purified in large quantities from chronic HBsAg carriers. Especially exciting is the prospect, suggested by serological studies of viral hepatitis, that hepatitis viruses besides hepatitis A and B viruses will be identified.
Extended Stability of Morphine and Sildenafil for Oral Use in Infants and Young Children. (2017)

Morphine and sildenafil are commercially available at high concentrations which may lead to errors in measuring small volumes to provide low doses needed in infants. The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of morphine sulfate and sildenafil citrate in extemporaneously prepared suspensions for oral use. Morphine (0.2 mg/mL) was prepared from dilution of morphine elixir (2 mg/mL) with distilled water and stored in amber, plastic syringes at 25°C for 60 days. The mean concentration of morphine exceeded 95% of the initial concentration for the entire 60-day study period. No marked changes in pH or physical appearance were observed. Sildenafil (2.5 mg/mL) was prepared from Revatio tablets in two groups of suspensions: one group in 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup (1:7) and another in OraPlus:OraSweet (1:1). These were stored in plastic prescription bottles at 4°C and 25°C for a period of 91 days. The mean concentrations of sildenafil exceeded 95% of the original concentrations throughout the 91-day study period. No substantial changes were seen in the pH or physical appearance of the suspensions. These results indicate that the diluted morphine was stable for at least 60 days at room temperature. In addition, sildenafil was stable for 91 days in each of the two suspensions prepared from Revatio tablets and stored under refrigeration or at room temperature.
Effects of mixed solvents and PVDF types on performances of PVDF microporous membranes (2009)

Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microporous flat membranes were cast with different kinds of PVDFs and four mixed solvents [trimethyl phosphate (TMP)– N,N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), triethyl phosphate (TEP)–DMAc, tricresyl phosphate (TCP)–DMAc, and tri‐ n ‐butyl phosphate (TBP)–DMAc]. The effects of different commercial PVDFs (Solef® 1015, FR 904, Kynar 761, Kynar 741, Kynar 2801) on membrane morphologies and membrane performances of PVDF/TEP–DMAc/PEG200 system were investigated. The membrane morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane performances in terms of pure water flux, rejection, porosity, and mean pore radius were measured. The membrane had the high flux of 143.0 ± 0.9 L m −2 h −1 when the content of TMP in the TMP–DMAc mixed solvent reached 60 wt %, which was 2.89 times that of the membrane cast with DMAc as single solvent and was 3.36 times that of the membrane cast with TMP as single solvent. Using mixed solvent with different solvent solubility parameters, different morphologies of PVDF microporous membranes were obtained. TMP–DMAc mixed solvent and TEP–DMAc mixed solvent indicated the stronger solvent power to PVDF due to the lower solubility parameter difference of 1.45 MPa 1/2 and the prepared membranes showed the faster precipitation rate and the higher flux. The less macrovoids of the membrane prepared with TEP (60 wt %)–DMAc (40 wt %) as mixed solvent contributed to the higher elongation ratio of 96.61% ± 0.41%. Therefore, using TEP(60 wt %)–DMAc (40 wt %) as mixed solvent, the casting solution had the better solvent power to PVDF, and the membrane possessed the excellent mechanical property. The microporous membranes prepared from casting solutions with different commercial PVDFs exhibited similar morphology, but the water flux increased with the increment of polymer solution viscosity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Annotated bibliography of books on experimental design (1988)

Abstract There is now a large number of books on experimental design on the market. This review provides an annotated bibliography of some texts. They have been selected for their general interest and relevance to industry, and are based in part upon information provided by the authors. A summary table is included which indicates the major topic areas covered, the technical level, the emphasized field of application, and other pertinent information. The determination of which books to include and exclude is necessarily a somewhat arbitrary one. In general the guide is limited to those that deal principally with ‘design of experiments’; thus books that are mainly concerned with analysing experimental data and linear models have been excluded. Similarly, judgement was required in describing the books and in preparing the summary table. Further information on other books that deal with ‘design of experiments’ is available in my contribution on the same topic as printed in the Encyclopaedia of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 2 (Wiley, 1982) of which this survey is an edited version. It is reproduced by kind permission of the editors of The Encyclopaedia of Statistical Sciences , Samual Kotz, Norman Johnson and Campbell B. Read.
Economic Analysis of Recycling Chiller Water in Poultry-Processing Plants Using Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems (2005)

The poultry industry, one of the most important agribusiness industries in the United States, is facing multiple water-usage problems. These problems stem from rising water and sewer charges and an increase in pollution regulations. One way to reduce water usage and volume of wastewater is through internal recycling. Food scientists and applied economists at the University of Georgia are collaborating to evaluate the operational and economic effectiveness of polymeric ultrafiltration membrane technology at poultry processing plants. On-site tests of membrane system are underway, and preliminary economic analysis indicates highly positive prospects for this technology.
Three-dimensional silicon micromechanical parts manufactured by electro-discharge machining (2002)

Currently, nearly all microcomponents are fabricated by micro-electronic production technologies like etching, deposition and other (photo)lithographic techniques. In this way, the main emphasis has been put on surface micromechanics. The major challenge for the future will be the development of real three-dimensional microstructures that could be used as components for microrobots. Electro-discharge machining is a versatile technique which is very well suited for machining complex microstructures. This paper presents an overview of the applicability, of micro electro-discharge machining for manufacturing silicon micromechanical parts. Also, practical examples are provided.
Dual kalman filters for autonomous terrain aided navigation in unknown environments (2006)

In this paper, we address a method for terrain aided navigation of unmanned vehicles in unknown environments. The task is to simultaneously estimate the state of the vehicle (position and attitude) and a map of the surrounding environment given limited sensing capabilities. Possible available sensors include an on-board inertial measurement unit (IMU) and other simple "terrain sensors" such as altitude, temperature, or vision based features. Explicit positioning sensors such as GPS or a prior land map are not available. This problem is widely known as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). A dual Kalman filter framework is proposed that works by alternating between using one Kalman filter to localize the vehicle given the current estimated map, and a second Kalman filter to update the estimate of the map given the position of the vehicle. Simulation results are generated for a two dimensional environment comparing the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and sigma point Kalman filter (SPKF) based implementations. It is shown that the SPKF based approach converges faster and also to a lower mean square error (MSE) than that of the EKF counterpart.