gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the origin of telomeres: a glimpse at the pre-telomerase world (2006)

Chromosomes may be either circular or linear, the latter being prone to erosion caused by incomplete replication, degradation and inappropriate repair. Despite these problems, the linear form of DNA is frequently found in viruses, bacteria, eukaryotic nuclei and organelles. The high incidence of linear chromosomes and/or genomes evokes why and how they emerged in evolution. Here we suggest that the primordial terminal structures (telomeres) of linear chromosomes in eukaryotic nuclei were derived from selfish element(s), which caused the linearization of ancestral circular genome. The telomeres were then essential in solving the emerged problems. Molecular fossils of such elements were recently identified in phylogenetically distant genomes and were shown to generate terminal arrays of tandem repeats. These arrays might mediate the formation of higher order structures at chromosomal termini that stabilize the linear chromosomal form by fulfilling essential telomeric functions.
Electrocatalytic Activity Studies of Select Metal Surfaces and Implications in Li-Air Batteries (2010)

Rechargeable lithium-air batteries have the potential to provide 3 times higher specific energy of fully packaged batteries than conventional lithium rechargeable batteries. However, very little is known about the oxygen reduction reaction ORR and oxygen evolution in the presence of lithium ions in aprotic electrolytes, which hinders the improvement of low round-trip efficiencies of current lithium-air batteries. We report the intrinsic ORR activity on glassy carbon GC as well as polycrystalline Au and Pt electrodes, where Au is the most active with an activity trend of Au GC Pt. Rotating disk electrode RDE measurements were used to obtain the kinetic current of the ORR and the reaction order with respect to oxygen partial pressure in 1 M LiClO 4 propylene carbonate:1,2-dimethoxyethane 1:2 v/v. In addition, air electrodes with Vulcan carbon or Au or Pt nanoparticles supported on Vulcan were examined in Li-O 2 single cells, where the observed discharge cell voltages follow the catalytic trend established by RDE measurements. The ORR mechanism and the rate-determining steps were discussed and contrasted with the ORR activity trend in acid and alkaline solutions.
Diffusion dynamics of games on online social networks (2010)

Social games, being embedded in and drawing upon existing social networks, have the potential to spread virally. In this paper, we examine two popular social games, each having millions of Facebook users, to understand the role that users play individually and collectively in propagating social applications. At the individual level, the users’ invitation behavior significantly outweighs their demographic and social network properties in predicting invitation success rate. At the collective level, we demonstrate that social games that encourage group formation tend to rap-idly integrate dense network cliques. Finally, engagement in a social game is closely tied with the ability to recruit friends. 1.
Insulin treatment stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vivo. (1992)

After adding insulin to cells overexpressing the insulin receptor, the activity of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in the anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates was rapidly and greatly increased. This enzyme may therefore be a substrate for the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and may be one of the mediators of insulin signal transduction. However, it is unclear whether or not activated tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor directly phosphorylates PI 3-kinase at tyrosine residue(s) and whether insulin stimulates the specific activity of PI 3-kinase. We reported previously that the 85-kDa subunit of purified PI 3-kinase was phosphorylated at tyrosine residue(s) by the insulin receptor in vitro. To examine the tyrosine phosphorylation of PI 3-kinase and change of its activity by insulin treatment in vivo, we used a specific antibody to the 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase. The activity of PI 3-kinase in immunoprecipitates with the antibody against the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase was increased about 3-fold by insulin treatment of cells overexpressing insulin receptors. Insulin treatment also stimulated the tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation of the alpha-type 85-kDa subunit of PI 3-kinase in vivo. Phosphatase treatment of the immunoprecipitates abolished the increase in PI 3-kinase activity. The phosphorylation(s) of the kinase itself, tyrosine phosphorylation(s) of associated protein(s), or the complex formation of the phosphorylated PI 3-kinase with associated proteins may increase the activity of PI 3-kinase.
Folate-Mediated Cell Targeting and Cytotoxicity Using Thermoresponsive Microgels (2004)

We describe the design of fluorescent, thermoresponsive microgels surface-functionalized with folic acid. Incubation of these particles with KB cells grown in folate-free medium results in efficient endocytosis of the particles via a receptor-mediated pathway. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry show efficient uptake of folate-modified particles over cationic control particles. Staining of the cells with Lysotracker red, followed by confocal imaging, shows anticorrelation between the particle and endosome fluorescence, which is taken as evidence of particle escape from the endosomes to the cytosol. Finally, the strong dependence of particle swelling on temperature was used to induce particle collapse and aggregation following uptake, which causes significant cytotoxicity. Thus, we have developed polymeric nanoparticles that may display antitumor activity, as they effectively target cancer cells and undergo endosomal escape to the cytosol, and they can then be triggered to cause cell death.
Tres epígrafes inéditos procedentes de Carmona (Sevilla) (2015)

espanolEl presente trabajo tiene por objeto dar a conocer nuevos vestigios epigraficos procedentes del ambito funerario de Carmona para su inclusion en los correspondientes catalogos especializados, gracias a analisis de cada una de las piezas analizadas, realizandose las schedae correspondientes y consultando los paralelos mas relevantes gracias a la base de datos epigrafica Clauss-Slaby y del repertorio CILA y CIL II. EnglishThis paper presents new epigraphic findings from the funeral area of Carmona to be included in the relevant specialized catalogs following an analysis of each of the parts found, after the corresponding schedae and having consulted the most relevant parallels in the Clauss-Slaby epigraphic data base and the CILA and CIL II repertoire
Image formation in terms of the transport equation (1985)

A scheme for recovering phase using irradiance data alone, without interferometric techniques, is developed using the transport equations for phase and irradiance. For the case of one transverse dimension a general solution, for an arbitrary irradiance distribution, of the transport equation for the optical phase is already given by an application of the divergence theorem. Numerical simulation results are given that indicate that the phase-recovery scheme works well even in the presence of large pupil-plane aberrations if the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high. In particular, pupil-plane phase aberrations may be determined from irradiance measurements in two planes that are near the image plane.
Video Mosaicing using Manifold Projection. (1997)

Video mosaicing is commonly used to increase the visual field of view by pasting together many video frames. Existing mosaicing methods are effective only in very limited cases where the image motion is almost a uniform translation or the camera performs a pure pan. Forward camera motion or camera zoom are very problematic for traditional mosaicing. A mosaicing methodology to allow image mosaicing in the most general cases is presented, where frames in the video sequence are transformed such that the optical flow becomes parallel. This transformation is modelled by a projection of the scene into some manifold. Manifold projection enables to define high-quality mosaicing even for the most challenging cases of forward motion and of zoom. In addition, view interpolation, generating dense intermediate views, is used to overcome parallax effects.
Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimer based nanocontainers for targeting of efavirenz to human monocytes/macrophages<i>in vitro</i> (2007)

Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, in particular monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mac) serve as a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are believed to be responsible for its dissemination throughout the body and especially into the brain. Treatment of HIV infection, therefore, must reach these cells in addition to the lymphocytes. The purpose of the present study is to develop poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer-based nanocontainers for targeting of efavirenz (EFV) to Mo/Mac. Fifth generation PPI dendrimer, t-Boc-glycine conjugated PPI dendrimer (TPPI) and mannose conjugated dendrimers were synthesized and characterized. While the haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of PPI dendrimer was found to be very high, the toxicity of t-Boc-glycine conjugated dendrimer and mannose conjugated dendrimers were found to be negligible. The entrapment efficiency of mannose conjugated dendrimer was found to be 47.4%, followed by that of PPI dendrimer (32.15%) and t-Boc-glycine conjugated dendrimer (23.1%). The in vitro drug release profile shows that while PPI dendrimer releases the drug by 24 h, the dendrimer-based nanocontainers prolong the release rate up to 144 h (83 +/- 0.4% in case of t-Boc-glycine conjugated dendrimer and 91 +/- 0.3% in mannose conjugated dendrimer). The cellular uptake of EFV was found to be both concentration and time dependent. Significant increase in cellular uptake of EFV by Mo/Mac cells were observed in case of mannose conjugated dendrimer which is 12 times higher than that of free drug and 5.5 times higher than that of t-Boc-glycine conjugated dendrimer. While mannose conjugated dendrimer was taken up by the lectin receptors of the cells, phagocytosis of t-Boc-glycine conjugated dendrimer might be responsible for its enhanced uptake. Results suggest that the proposed carriers hold potential to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of antiretroviral therapy.
Towards High Performance Video Object Detection for Mobiles (2018)

Despite the recent success of video object detection on Desktop GPUs, its architecture is still far too heavy for mobiles. It is also unclear whether the key principles of sparse feature propagation and multi-frame feature aggregation apply at very limited computational resources. In this paper, we present a light weight network architecture for video object detection on mobiles. Light weight image object detector is applied on sparse key frames. A very small network, Light Flow, is designed for establishing correspondence across frames. A flow-guided GRU module is designed to effectively aggregate features on key frames. For non-key frames, sparse feature propagation is performed. The whole network can be trained end-to-end. The proposed system achieves 60.2% mAP score at speed of 25.6 fps on mobiles (e.g., HuaWei Mate 8).
Lawsonia intracellularis in Wild Mammals in the Slovak Carpathians (2003)

Feces of wild mammals were collected in the Bukovské Vrchy Hills (north-eastern Slovakia) in January and February 2002. The feces were examined for Lawsonia intracellularis by means of nested polymerase chain reaction. A total of 194 samples of feces from red deer (Cervus elaphus), 46 samples from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 31 samples from red fox (Vulpes vulpes), 23 samples from gray wolf (Canis lupus), and 12 samples from brown hare (Lepus europaeus) were examined. Lawsonia intracellularis was found in two samples from wolves, in two samples from foxes, and one sample from red deer. This is the first description of L. intracellularis in these three species.
COST description (2012)

COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, allowing the coordination of nationally-funded research on a European level.Established by the Ministerial Conference in November 1971, COST is presently used by the scientific communities of 36 European countries.COST enables break-through scientific developments leading to new concepts and products and thereby contributes to strengthen Europe's research and innovation capacities.COST is a unique means for European researchers to jointly develop their own ideas and new initiatives across all scientific disciplines through trans-European networking of nationally funded research activities.COST key features are:• building capacity by connecting high-quality scientific communities throughout Europe and worldwide; • providing networking opportunities for early career investigators; • increasing the impact of research on policy makers, regulatory bodies and national decision makers as well as the private sector.Through its inclusiveness COST supports integration of research communities, leverages national research investments and addresses issues of global relevance.COST is a building block of the European Research Area 1 , instrumental for successful innovation strategies and global cooperation.
Automatically classifying database workloads (2002)

The type of the workload on a database management system (DBMS) is a key consideration in tuning the system. Allocations for resources such as main memory can be very different depending on whether the workload type is Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) or Decision Support System (DSS). In this paper, we present an approach to automatically identifying a DBMS workload as either OLTP or DSS. We build a classification model based on the most significant workload characteristics that differentiate OLTP from DSS, and then use the model to identify any change in the workload type. We construct a workload classifier from the Browsing and Ordering profiles of the TPC-W benchmark. Experiments with an industry-supplied workload show that our classifier accurately identifies the mix of OLTP and DSS work within an application workload.
Modulation of the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria interface in Alzheimer’s disease and related models (2013)

It is well-established that subcompartments of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are in physical contact with the mitochondria. These lipid raft-like regions of ER are referred to as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), and they play an important role in, for example, lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and apoptotic signaling. Perturbation of MAM function has previously been suggested in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as shown in fibroblasts from AD patients and a neuroblastoma cell line containing familial presenilin-2 AD mutation. The effect of AD pathogenesis on the ER-mitochondria interplay in the brain has so far remained unknown. Here, we studied ER-mitochondria contacts in human AD brain and related AD mouse and neuronal cell models. We found uniform distribution of MAM in neurons. Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein-2 and σ1 receptor, two MAM-associated proteins, were shown to be essential for neuronal survival, because siRNA knockdown resulted in degeneration. Up-regulated MAM-associated proteins were found in the AD brain and amyloid precursor protein (APP)Swe/Lon mouse model, in which up-regulation was observed before the appearance of plaques. By studying an ER-mitochondria bridging complex, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-voltage-dependent anion channel, we revealed that nanomolar concentrations of amyloid β-peptide increased inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor and voltage-dependent anion channel protein expression and elevated the number of ER-mitochondria contact points and mitochondrial calcium concentrations. Our data suggest an important role of ER-mitochondria contacts and cross-talk in AD pathology.
Regioselectivity in the Thermal Rearrangement of Unsymmetrical 4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles to 1-Methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles (2001)

The rearrangement of 4-methyl-3,5-diaryl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles to the corresponding 1-methyl-3,5-diaryl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles showed regioselectivity comparable to that observed for the alkylation of 3,5-diaryl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles. This lends support to a proposed mechanism for the rearrangement that involves consecutive nucleophilic displacements steps.
Autonomous Surface Vehicle Free-Rotating Wingsail Section Design and Configuration Analysis (2008)

Reynolds number aerodynamic performance, a symmetric section with a small trailing-edge flap is used in a conventional arrangement (tail behind the main section). This allows efficient sailing to both port and starboard, as well as retaining high-lift coefficients for broad reaches. The inability of the flow to withstand adverse pressure gradients at the typically low Reynolds number causes separation with flap deflection, thus necessitating a narrowchord flapthatisdeflectedthroughalargeangleforhigh-liftapplications.ThedesignedsectionhasaCLmax of1.8ata Reynolds number of 229,000, and a flap deflection of 45 deg. The wing section is 21% thick, with a 13% plain flap to achieve this maximum lift coefficient. Four different configurations are evaluated for stability and swept radius (the farthest distance that the entire wingsail reaches as it rotates about the mast). The configurations evaluated are 1)conventional,2)canard,3) flyingwing,and4)free-floatingcanard.Thecanardandthe flyingwingcannotbemade passively stable with a high coefficient of lift, whereas the free-floating canard and the conventional configuration achievethestabilitycriteria.Thefree-floatingcanardhasalargersweptradiusandhasissueswithstallstabilitythat are not covered by this simplified analysis, thus the conventional configuration (tail behind the wing) is determined best for this application.
Atomic-scale investigation on lithium storage mechanism in TiNb2O7, (2011)

Titanium niobium oxide (TiNb2O7) with a monoclinic layered structure has been synthesized by a solid state reaction method as an anode candidate for Li-ion batteries. The TiNb2O7 electrode shows a lithium storage capacity of 281 mAh g−1with an initial coulombic efficiency as high as 93% at a current density of 30 mA g−1 (ca. 0.1C). The average lithium insertion voltage is about 1.64 V vs.Li/Li+ at a voltage range of 0.8–3.0 V. The electrodes exhibit small voltage hysteresis (c.a. 0.1 V at 30 mA g−1) and good capacity retention. Such superior electrochemical performance of TiNb2O7 makes it one of the most promising anode materials to replace spinel Li4Ti5O12 for applications in hybrid vehicles and large scale stationary Li-ion batteries. In addition, we demonstrate crystal structures of TiNb2O7 and lithiated TiNb2O7 using advanced spherical-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), to picture the lattice sites occupied by the Li, Ti, Nb and O atoms at atomic-scale. Possible lithiation/delithiation processes and reaction mechanisms are revealed in consistence with first-principles prediction.
Development of an object-oriented framework for intranet-based groupware systems (2002)

In the past decade, the research of reuse technology has been studied in software engineering including class library, design pattern, framework, and component. We have focused on the object-oriented framework because it provides the large-scale reuse. The object-oriented framework is defined as reusable designs of all or part of a software system described by set of abstract classes and the way instances of those classes collaborate. It is intended to capture the functionality common to several similar applications. It has the reused business logic and defines the customized modules by framework users. They build some applications not from scratch but based on the framework. In paper, we present an application framework of an intranet-based groupware system. Our framework consists of main and subframework. The subframework includes user authentication, BBS, EDA, organization management, and e-mail framework.
Lysozyme-stabilized gold fluorescent cluster: Synthesis and application as Hg2+ sensor (2010)

Highly fluorescent gold clusters have been synthesized in basic aqueous solution by using lysozyme as reducing and stabilizing agents. The lysozyme-stabilized gold fluorescent clusters (LsGFC) have an average size of 1 nm and emission approximately 657 nm. The fluorescence could be specifically quenched by Hg(2+), so the LsGFC can be used as a sensor for sensitive and selective Hg(2+) detection with a detection limit of 10 nM.
The Myeloproliferative Sarcoma Virus Retains Transforming Functions after Introduction of a Dominant Selectable Marker Gene (1986)

The dominant neomycin resistance gene (neoR) was introduced into the genome of the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV), a replication-defective retrovirus carrying the mos oncogene. The resulting selectable neoR-MPSV virus did not lose its acute transforming property, unlike the results of attempts by other groups to insert marker genes into oncogenic viruses. NeoR-MPSV DNA was used to generate infectious virus by transfection followed by rescue with Friend or Moloney murine leukaemia virus. Infection of fibroblasts with this virus resulted in morphologically transformed cells which were resistant to the neomycin analogue G418. Segregation of the two functions (transformation and G418 resistance) was not observed in more than 500 independent viral transfers to fibroblasts. Furthermore, neoR-MPSV retained the leukaemogenesis-inducing properties of the wild-type virus. Myeloproliferation and G418-resistance transfer did not segregate after passage in mice.
The complex cepstrum of higher order cumulants and nonminimum phase system identification (1988)

A computationally efficient identification procedure is proposed for a nonGaussian white-noise-driven linear, time-invariant, nonminimum phase system. The method is based on the idea of computing the complex cepstrum of higher order cumulants of the system output. In particular, the differential cepstrum parameters of the nonminimum phase impulse response are estimated directly from higher-order cumulants by least-squares solution or two-dimensional FFT operations. The method reconstructs the minimum-phase and maximum-phase impulse response components separately. It is flexible enough to be applied on autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA), or ARMA system without a priori knowledge of the type of the system. Benchmark simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method even with short length data records.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Ds</i> excision from extrachromosomal geminivirus vector DNA is coupled to vector DNA replication in maize (1997)

Analysis of transposition products generated after Activator (Ac) excision from the P locus in maize suggest that Ac excises either during or after replication of the P locus. The frequency of excision of the non-autonomous Ac derivative, Dissociation (Ds), from extrachromosomal replicating and nonreplicating vector DNAs in transfected black mexican sweet maize protoplasts was compared to assess directly a role of extrachromosomal vector DNA replication in Ds excision. Replicating (rep+) and nonreplicating (rep-) vector DNAs comprised a Ds element that harbored a geminivirus, wheat dwarf virus (WDV), origin of replication and WDV genes required for viral DNA replication (rep+) or mutant, inactive derivatives of these genes (rep-). Excision of Ds was detected only in those cell nuclei co-transfected with the replicating Ds-vector DNA and a transposase expression vector. Quantitative reconstruction experiments showed that Ds excised at least 3 x 10(5)-fold more frequently from replicating vector DNA as compared with nonreplicating vector DNA. Therefore, these results provide direct evidence for a coupling of Ds excision from extrachromosomal vector DNA to vector DNA replication in maize.