gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Performance Anomaly Detection and Localization (2009)

Detecting the occurrence and location of performance anomalies (e.g., high jitter or loss events) is critical to ensuring the effective operation of network infrastructures. In this paper we present a framework for detecting and localizing performance anomalies based on using an active probe-enabled measurement infrastructure deployed on the periphery of a network. Our framework has three components: an algorithm for detecting performance anomalies on a path, an algorithm for selecting which paths to probe at a given time in order to detect performance anomalies (where a path is defined as the set of links between two measurement nodes), and an algorithm for identifying the links that are causing an identified anomaly on a path (i.e., localizing). The problem of detecting an anomaly on a path is addressed by comparing probe-based measures of performance characteristics with performance guarantees for the network (e.g., SLAs). The path selection algorithm is designed to enable a tradeoff between ensuring that all links in a network are frequently monitored to detect performance anomalies, while minimizing probing overhead. The localization algorithm is designed to use existing path measurement data in such a way as to minimize the number of paths necessary for additional probing in order to identify the link(s) responsible for an observed performance anomaly. We assess the feasibility of our framework and algorithms by implementing them in ns-2 and conducting a set of simulation-based experiments using several different network topologies. Our results show that our method is able to accurately detect and localize performance anomalies in a timely fashion and with lower probe and computational overheads than previously proposed methodologies.
Coherent High-Resolution Ultrasound Reflection Mode CT Imaging (1986)

Method A coherent ultrasound reflection mode CT imaging method has been developed to image small, 10 mm x 10 mm, areas in objects such as liver. Since we use only a single radial scan and straight-line CT reconstruction, the processing time and computer as well as hardware requirements are reduced considerably compared to those of ordinary transmission or reflection CT. The main limitation of the method is the need for correction for speed variations in intervening medium. This is done by tracing brightest sinusoids in the Radon space of the data to obtain estimates of the time shifts. Images of simulated objects, real phantoms, and liver specimens are presented and compared to images obtained by compound B-scans from the same objects. These images show that the resolution of the imaging method is about 0.3 mm using a commercial 3.5 MHz medium focused transducer.
Multiplexed clustered-dot halftone watermarks using bi-directional phase modulation and detection (2010)

We present a method for embedding and detection of visual watermark patterns in printed images that use clustered-dot halftones in the printing process. The method allows two independent watermark patterns to be multiplexed, i.e. embedded in the same region of the printed image, thereby offering an improvement over prior techniques. The watermark patterns are embedded via phase modulation along the two periodicity directions of the halftone. Each embedded pattern can be visually detected, without interference from the other watermark, when the printed image, or a scan thereof, is overlaid with a decoder mask consisting of periodic lines oriented along the corresponding halftone periodicity direction. We experimentally demonstrate that our proposed multiplexing technique is effective. We also present analysis that demonstrates that the embedding has minimal visual impact and explains the pattern observed in the watermark detection process.
3'4'7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1. (2015)

3'4'7-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid from ladino clover, alfalfa, and Albizzia julibrissin. In the present study, we found that 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone markedly inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastic differentiation from mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs). 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone also reduced the mRNA expression level of osteoclastic marker genes including calcitonin receptor (CTR), Cathepsin K1 v-ATPase V0 subunit d2 (ATP6v0d2), and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). In addition, 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone decreased the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts on dentin slices. We found that 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone inhibited RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), a key transcription factor of osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone attenuated RANKL-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1), a repressor of negative regulators of NFATc1. Taken together, our data suggest that 3'4'7-trihydroxyflavone inhibits osteoclastogenesis via NFATc1.
Methodology to Predict Substrate Warpage and Different Techniques to Achieve Substrate Warpage Targets (2011)

With the continued demand for fine features, enhanced assembly yield, and improved reliability in the microelectronic packaging industry, there is a need to reduce substrate warpage. Factors such as coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch among several materials in the packaging substrate, modulus of different materials, thickness of different layers, orientation of features in each layer, thermal and mechanical loading conditions influence the substrate warpage, and any effort to reduce substrate warpage needs to address one or more of these factors. One technique to reduce warpage will be through the viscoelastic relaxation of the dielectric material, when other factors cannot be changed for performance, processing, or cost reasons. Thus, it is important to accurately model the viscoelastic relaxation of the dielectric material, and study how the warpage can be reduced either by changing dwell times at different temperatures and/or by introducing appropriate mechanical loads in combination with thermal loads. In this paper, we present two approaches to reduce substrate warpage: 1) by modifying the temperature-time profile of the sequential processing steps, and 2) by using an external mold to reduce the substrate warpage. Based on the simulation results, it appears that significant warpage reduction is achievable through the proposed techniques.
Effect of irradiation by semiconductor laser on responses evoked in trigeminal caudal neurons by tooth pulp stimulation (1993)

The effect of irradiation with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide semiconductor laser on responses evoked in trigeminal subnucleus caudal neurons by tooth pulp stimulation was investigated electrophysiologically in Wistar rats anesthetized with urethane plus alpha-chloralose. The pulp of lower incisor was electrically stimulated and the evoked action potentials were extracellularly recorded in the ipsilateral caudal neurons. The laser beam was applied on the cervical surface of the stimulated incisor. The rate of firing discharges and the numbers of spikes evoked in the caudal neurons were compared before and after laser irradiation. Laser irradiation suppressed the late discharges in the response of the caudal neurons which were evoked by excitatory inputs from C-fiber afferents, but did not suppress the early discharges evoked by inputs from A delta-fiber afferents. This indicates that low power laser irradiation (semiconductor laser: 830 nm, 350 mW, CW, through the tooth structures, for 120 s) inhibited the excitation of unmyelinated fibers of the pulp without affecting fine myelinated fibers. These results suggest that low power laser irradiation has a suppressive effect on injured tissue by blocking the depolarization of C-fiber afferents.
Quiet High-Speed Fan (1996)

A calibration of the acoustic and aerodynamic prediction methods was performed and a baseline fan definition was established and evaluated to support the quiet high speed fan program. A computational fluid dynamic analysis of the NASA QF-12 Fan rotor, using the DAWES flow simulation program was performed to demonstrate and verify the causes of the relatively poor aerodynamic performance observed during the fan test. In addition, the rotor flowfield characteristics were qualitatively compared to the acoustic measurements to identify the key acoustic characteristics of the flow. The V072 turbofan source noise prediction code was used to generate noise predictions for the TFE731-60 fan at three operating conditions and compared to experimental data. V072 results were also used in the Acoustic Radiation Code to generate far field noise for the TFE731-60 nacelle at three speed points for the blade passage tone. A full 3-D viscous flow simulation of the current production TFE731-60 fan rotor was performed with the DAWES flow analysis program. The DAWES analysis was used to estimate the onset of multiple pure tone noise, based on predictions of inlet shock position as a function of the rotor tip speed. Finally, the TFE731-60 fan rotor wake structure predicted by the DAWES program was used to define a redesigned stator with the leading edge configured to minimize the acoustic effects of rotor wake / stator interaction, without appreciably degrading performance.
Efficient learning algorithms for changing environments (2009)

We study online learning in an oblivious changing environment. The standard measure of regret bounds the difference between the cost of the online learner and the best decision in hindsight. Hence, regret minimizing algorithms tend to converge to the static best optimum, clearly a suboptimal behavior in changing environments. On the other hand, various metrics proposed to strengthen regret and allow for more dynamic algorithms produce inefficient algorithms.We propose a different performance metric which strengthens the standard metric of regret and measures performance with respect to a changing comparator. We then describe a series of data-streaming-based reductions which transform algorithms for minimizing (standard) regret into adaptive algorithms albeit incurring only poly-logarithmic computational overhead.Using this reduction, we obtain efficient low adaptive-regret algorithms for the problem of online convex optimization. This can be applied to various learning scenarios, i.e. online portfolio selection, for which we describe experimental results showing the advantage of adaptivity.
Characterization of an avian adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in day-old turkeys. (1997)

A group I avian adenovirus isolated from day-old turkeys with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was identified as turkey adenovirus serotype 2 (TAV2) based on cross-neutralization assays and DNA restriction endonuclease analyses. Yolk sac inoculation of embryonated turkey eggs resulted in embryo mortality and significantly (P < 0.01) decreased hatchability compared with sham-inoculated controls. Embryo mortality occurred primarily between day 24 of incubation and the time embryos hatched. Focal necrosis was detected in livers of 11/52 virus-inoculated embryos that died postinoculation and 1/27 hatchlings; in three embryos, areas of necrosis contained intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings identify the IBH isolate as TAV2, incriminate the virus as a potential cause of suboptimal hatchability in turkeys, and provide additional evidence for causal involvement in IBH.
A New Design for Double Edge Triggered Flip-flops. (1998)

Abstract-- The logic construction of a double-edge-triggered (DET) flip-flop, which can receive input signal at two levels of the clock, is analyzed and a new circuit design of CMOS DET flip-flop is proposed. Simulation using SPICE and a 1µ technology shows that this DET flip-flop has ideal logic functionality, a simpler structure, lower delay time, and higher maximum data rate compared to other existing CMOS DET flip-flops. By simulating and comparing the proposed DET flipflop with the traditional single-edge-triggered (SET) flip-flop, it is shown that the proposed DET flip-flop reduces power dissipation by half while keeping the same date rate. I.
Hypothesis: Folate-responsive neural tube defects and neurocristopathies (2000)

Background What accounts for the wide spectrum of folate-responsive dysmorphogeneses? Both embryonic and fetal cells are entirely dependent on maternal folate to support their requirement for precisely timed proliferative bursts during gestation. Folate receptors (FRs) mediate transport into cells and are central to transplacental maternal-to-fetal folate transport. FRs are also critical for neural tube and neural crest development because recent murine “knock-out” and “knock-down” of FRs results in a high percentage of folate-responsive neural tube defects (NTDs) and neurocristopathies. Hypothesis Central to our hypothesis is the fact that folate deficiency is accompanied by a reduction in the proliferative capacity of highly mitotic neural tube or neural crest cells. Therefore, depending on when in pregnancy various cohorts of highly proliferative cells are deprived of folate, and the origin of the affected cells will determine the type of developmental dysmorphogenesis. Thus, selective folate deficiency in early pregnancy of only highly proliferative neural tube or neural crest cells predisposes to NTDs or gross dysmorphogenesis, respectively. Folate deficiency that compromises placental development will predispose to small-for-date babies due to an overall nutrient deficiency, and the development of folate insufficiency later in pregnancy could predispose to more subtle midline birth defects involving atresia of neural crest cell-derived structures. Finally, a congenital folate transport defect would only be corrected by suprapharmacological doses of folate, which ensures passive diffusion. Conclusion This hypothesis can explain the results of several earlier and more recent clinical trials on folate supplementation in pregnancy, but it also raises the possibility that there may be several as yet undiscovered neurocristopathies that are folate responsive. Teratology 62:42–50, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Electrochemical Study of Undercutting during Etching of Duplex Metal Films (1975)

For various technological applications patterns are chemically etched in metal films partly covered with a nobler metal. As a result of the bimetallic contact, accelerated etching may occur, giving rise to considerable undercutting. From electrochemical considerations it was expected that the use of certain chemical polishing solutions would significantly reduce the degree of such undercutting. This was verified by studying the electrochemical properties of various polishing and nonpolishing etching agents. Suitable solutions were developed for the etching of Al, Mo, and Ni‐P. These etching agents, when used to etch metal films partly covered by nobler metals, gave markedly less undercutting than nonpolishing etching agents.
Portable spectrometer for correlation experiments (1987)

Portable apparatus is described that is based on a built-in version of the SM-1300 microcomputer and CAMAC-compatible hardware for correlation experiments in nuclear spectroscopy. The spectrometer is mounted in a single rack; it contains an SM-1300 processor, an SM-5300 magnetic-tape storage device with an SM-5002 controller, a VTA-2000 terminal, and two CAMAC crates. The software, which is prepared in an absolute format on an SM-3 or SM-4 computer, is loaded from magnetic tape by means of a TMOS-2 monitor. The spectrometer also includes an HPGe detector with an efficiency of 40% and a Ge(Li) detector with an efficiency of 17%. The energy resolution of the detectors is approx. 2.0 keV for a gamma-quantum energy of approx. 1.3 MeV. The time resolution of the coincidence circuit is 14 nsec for an energy of > 50 keV.
Identification of HER-2/neu immunogenic epitopes presented by renal cell carcinoma and other human epithelial tumors (2001)

HER-2/neu is a tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in a large variety of human tumors. Eight HER-2/neu peptides displaying HLA-A*0201 anchoring motifs were selected and tested for their binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 and their capacity to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in both HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice and in HLA-A*0201(+) healthy donors. Two high-affinity (p5 and p48) and one intermediate-affinity (p1023) peptides triggered CTL responses in both transgenic mice and humans, comparable to those observed for the well-known HER2/neu dominant peptide p369. CTL induced in transgenic mice lysed HLA-A*0201(+) RMA cells infected with recombinant HER-2/neu but not cells infected with wild-type vaccinia virus. Human CTL lysed HLA-A*0201(+) HER-2/neu(+) tumor cells of different origins (breast, colon, lung and renal cancer) irrespective of the expression levels of HER-2/neu. Importantly, primed CTL specific for these epitopes were detected in freshly isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from three renal cell carcinoma patients. Therefore, the HER-2/neu peptides p5, p48 and p1023 may be good candidates for immunotherapy of a broad spectrum of tumors, including renal cell carcinoma.
Treatment of the elderly suffering from psychosis and dementia. (1996)

Studies with elderly demented subjects have suggested that overt hostility, agitation, hallucinosis, and hyperactivity are the most likely symptom profiles to respond to neuroleptics, but the available research data do not point to any one clear choice of medications. Meanwhile, recent government regulations require specific diagnosis-related indications for the use of neuroleptics. Unfortunately, there is still a general shortage of double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with either typical or atypical neuroleptics. Clinical treatment with neuroleptics requires careful evaluation of all extrapyramidal and possible cognitive side effects, especially with drugs having high anticholinergic potency. The long-term risk-benefit ratio for the use of typical or atypical neuroleptics in elderly demented patients is also uncertain, so adequate consideration should be given to non-neuroleptic medications before initiating a long-term trial of neuroleptics.
Large Scale Question Paraphrase Retrieval with Smoothed Deep Metric Learning (2019)

The goal of a Question Paraphrase Retrieval (QPR) system is to retrieve similar questions that result in the same answer as the original question. Such a system can be used to understand and answer rare and noisy reformulations of common questions by mapping them to a set of canonical forms. This task has large-scale applications for community Question Answering (cQA) and opendomain spoken language question-answering systems. In this paper, we describe a new QPR system implemented as a Neural Information Retrieval (NIR) system consisting of a neural network sentence encoder and an approximate k-Nearest Neighbour index for efficient vector retrieval. We also describe our mechanism to generate an annotated dataset for question paraphrase retrieval experiments automatically from question-answer logs via distant supervision. We show that the standard loss function in NIR, triplet loss, does not perform well with noisy labels. We propose the smoothed deep metric loss (SDML), and with our experiments on two QPR datasets we show that it significantly outperforms triplet loss in the noisy label setting.
Phosphorous Removal Technologies as a Tool for TMDLs (2013)

Across the U. S. total maximum daily load (TMDL) budgets for phosphorus will have to bedeveloped for many impaired surface waters. One of the causes of phosphorus enrichment ofsurface waters is runoff and erosion from over-fertilized row crop and pasture land. Farmers wholand apply manures and biosolids based on their nitrogen contents can over-apply phosphorus by3 to 10 times (or more) because of the higher amount of phosphorus compared to nitrogen(relative to crop needs) in these materials. The removal of phosphorus as struvite(MgNH4PO4.6H2O) from biosolids is a proven technology that is being used by the wastewatertreatment industry in different regions of the world. It is technically possible to precipitatephosphorus as struvite from manures, but a different approach will be needed to developpractical, farm-based, economic methods of precipitating and removing struvite. This paper willreview the chemistry of phosphorus precipitation and removal as struvite from organic wastestreams, discuss the development and application of this technology by industry and reviewoptions for developing this as a best management practice (BMP) for agricultural operations andtool in developing TMDLs.
Mechanical aids in the prevention of dental diseases in the elderly. (1992)

Dental practitioners, who are often unaccustomed to treating geriatric patients, should be taught to accept that old people do not necessarily respond to optimal dental treatment as younger patients do. There is an evident need for continuing education in this respect. The many plaque removing mechanical aids available, such as toothbrushes, toothpicks, and dental flosses, have not been studied in the elderly. Since manual dexterity decreases with increasing age, the use of electric tooth cleaning devices and other aids for improving oral hygiene should be encouraged among the elderly. This is particularly so in patients with physical or mental handicaps. Future studies should investigate the benefits of preventive dental procedures in the elderly and to survey their knowledge, attitudes and behaviour related to oral health. Maintaining proper oral hygiene among the institutionalised elderly has been neglected in many cases. Nurses and other staff in institutions need more information about the role of optimal oral health in the patient's general health and well-being. Staff also need to know more specifically how to help the patients in their daily oral hygiene and how to take care of the patient's dentures. The recently discovered association of poor oral health with life-threatening vascular diseases and other medical catastrophes further emphasizes the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. Diseases of the mouth and the teeth must be diagnosed and treated in the elderly, who are just as entitled to receive individually designed preventive dental care as are the younger generations.
The poliovirus 135S particle is infectious (1996)

The molecular mechanism of cell entry by unenveloped viruses is poorly understood. The picornaviruses poliovirus, human rhinovirus, and coxsackievirus convert to an altered form (the 135S or A particle) upon interaction with receptors on susceptible cells at 37 degrees C. The 135S particle is thought to be a necessary intermediate because it accumulates inside susceptible cells soon after infection and drugs which inhibit conversion of the virus to this form also prevent infection. However, since a variable fraction of the altered 135S particles is reported to elute unproductively from the surface of susceptible cells, their precise role remains unclear. We have found that poliovirus 135S particles can infect Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and murine L cells, neither of which are susceptible to infection by native poliovirus. The infectivity of the particles in tissue culture appears to be between 10(3) to 10(5) times less than that of poliovirus on HeLa cells. The 135S particle infectivity was not sensitive to RNase but was greatly reduced by proteolytic treatment. Proteolysis specifically removed the newly exposed N terminus of VP1, a feature which has previously been shown to mediate interactions of the particle with lipid membranes. These results demonstrate that although the infectivity of the 135S particle appears to be receptor independent, it nonetheless requires some property associated with the protein coat. In particular, the N terminus of VP1 plays an important role in the infection process. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the 135S particle is an intermediate in the normal cell entry pathway of poliovirus infection.