gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevated cyclic stretch alters matrix remodeling in aortic valve cusps: implications for degenerative aortic valve disease (2009)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes that are upregulated in diseased aortic valve cusps. The objective of this study was to investigate whether elevated cyclic stretch causes an increased expression and activity of these proteolytic enzymes in the valve cusp. Circumferentially oriented fresh porcine aortic valve cusp sections were stretched to 10% (physiological), 15% (pathological), and 20% (hyperpathological) in a tensile stretch bioreactor for 24 and 48 h. The expression and activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, and cathepsin L, S, and K were quantified and compared with fresh controls. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were also analyzed. As a result, at 10% physiological stretch, the expression and activity of remodeling enzymes were comparable with fresh controls. At 15% stretch, the expression of MMP-1, -2, -9 and cathepsin S and K were upregulated, whereas the expression of cathepsin L was downregulated compared with controls. A similar trend was observed at 20% stretch, but the magnitudes of upregulation and downregulation of the expression were less than those observed at 15%. In addition, there were significantly higher cell proliferation and apoptosis at 20% stretch compared with those of other treatment groups. In conclusion, elevated mechanical stretch on aortic valve cusps may detrimentally alter the proteolytic enzyme expression and activity in valve cells. This may trigger a cascade of events leading to an accelerated valve degeneration and disease progression.
Task modelling for capillary collaborative systems based on scenarios (2004)

In this paper, we describe the role of scenario-based approach. We integrate it in a more global perspective of a well-organized process for Capillary Collaborative Systems design based on a collection of models which are used in design and evolution to take into account the context of mobile users. The contribution sets on the transformation of scenarios into an operational application via a behavioural model which include the context of use, actors, tasks tree, workflow and artefacts of a collaborative activity. We concretize this research with a tool called Context Behavioural Model Environment (CBME) which helps the designer in the transformation of scenarios into a behavioural model (tasks model included).
Classification of robotic data using artificial neural network (2013)

As time series data are common in the field of science and commerce, time series data analysis has an important role in these areas for extracting information from available data. This paper presents the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for analyzing huge amount of time series data collected by sensors mounted on a robot navigating in a simulated environment. The Artificial Neural Network system employing back propagation learning algorithm classified different scenarios encountered by the robot using the data collected by sensors.
E-mail as habitat (2001)

article Share on E-mail as habitat: an exploration of embedded personal information management Authors: Nicolas Ducheneaut Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)View Profile , Victoria Bellotti Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox PARCView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 8Issue 5Sept./Oct. 2001 pp 30–38https://doi.org/10.1145/382899.383305Online:01 September 2001Publication History 254citation4,737DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations254Total Downloads4,737Last 12 Months184Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Vitamin K promotes mineralization, osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition, and an anticatabolic phenotype by γ-carboxylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms (2009)

The vitamin K family members phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and the menaquinones (vitamin K2) are under study for their roles in bone metabolism and as potential therapeutic agents for skeletal diseases. We have investigated the effects of two naturally occurring homologs, phytonadione (vitamin K1) and menatetrenone (vitamin K2), and those of the synthetic vitamin K, menadione (vitamin K3), on human primary osteoblasts. All homologs promoted in vitro mineralization by these cells. Vitamin K1-induced mineralization was highly sensitive to warfarin, whereas that induced by vitamins K2 and K3 was less sensitive, implying that gamma-carboxylation and other mechanisms, possibly genomic actions through activation of the steroid xenobiotic receptor, are involved in the effect. The positive effect on mineralization was associated with decreased matrix synthesis, evidenced by a decrease from control in expression of type I collagen mRNA, implying a maturational effect. Incubation in the presence of vitamin K2 or K3 in a three-dimensional type I collagen gel culture system resulted in increased numbers of cells with elongated cytoplasmic processes resembling osteocytes. This effect was not warfarin sensitive. Addition of calcein to vitamin K-treated cells revealed vitamin K-dependent deposition of mineral associated with cell processes. These effects are consistent with vitamin K promoting the osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition in humans. To test whether vitamin K may also act on mature osteocytes, we tested the effects of vitamin K on MLO-Y4 cells. Vitamin K reduced receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand expression relative to osteoprotegerin by MLO-Y4 cells, an effect also seen in human cultures. Together, our findings suggest that vitamin K promotes the osteoblast-to-osteocyte transition, at the same time decreasing the osteoclastogenic potential of these cells. These may be mechanisms by which vitamin K optimizes bone formation and integrity in vivo and may help explain the net positive effect of vitamin K on bone formation.
Program metamorphosis (2010)

Today's computer programs are logical constructs described in human-readable form as source code. Manipulating such source code can be challenging even to trained programmers, as modifications in one location can affect program behaviour described in other locations in nontrivial ways. 
While there are many programs that help programmers modify source code to evolve programs, these tools are typically very limited in their scope: they either give few (if any) guarantees to the programmer about what program behaviour they will affect, or they promise near-total behaviour preservation but accomplish this by means that the programmer may not always agree with. 
In this work we introduce a novel mechanism for program evolution. Our principal idea is that we capture program behaviour in the form of program models and then permit the programmer to apply an arbitrary number of changes to the program. After these changes, we compute behavioural differences between the original program behaviour and the modified program behaviour. Programmers can then choose which changes they accept and which changes they wish to undo, and how.
We find that our approach subsumes and extends on the existing approaches for transforming programs with near-total behaviour preservation, with stronger guarantees of behaviourpreservation even for a language for which such guarantees are traditionally hard to obtain (Java). Furthermore, we show that for another language (SML) our behaviour-preservation guarantees can be near-absolute whilst permitting complex multi-step transformations that speed up program execution (algorithmic optimisation).
SU-8-based microneedles for<i>in vitro</i>neural applications (2010)

This paper presents novel design, fabrication, packaging and the first in vitro neural activity recordings of SU-8-based microneedles. The polymer SU-8 was chosen because it provides excellent features for the fabrication of flexible and thin probes. A microprobe was designed in order to allow a clean insertion and to minimize the damage caused to neural tissue during in vitro applications. In addition, a tetrode is patterned at the tip of the needle to obtain fine-scale measurements of small neuronal populations within a radius of 100 µm. Impedance characterization of the electrodes has been carried out to demonstrate their viability for neural recording. Finally, probes are inserted into 400 µm thick hippocampal slices, and simultaneous action potentials with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 200–250 µV are detected.
Insights into the effects of the endocannabinoid system in cancer: a review (2018)

In the last few decades, the endocannabinoid system has attracted a great deal of interest in terms of its applications to clinical medicine. In particular, its applications in cancer probably represent one of the therapeutic areas with most promise. On the one hand, expression of the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours, compared to healthy tissue, and this aberrant expression has been related to cancer prognosis and disease outcome, suggesting a role of this system in tumour growth and progression that depends on cancer type. On the other hand, cannabinoids exert an anticancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells and also tumour angiogenesis. However, some cannabinoids, at lower concentrations, may increase tumour proliferation, inducing cancer growth. Enough data has been provided to consider the endocannabinoid system as a new therapeutic target in cancer, although further studies to fully establish the effect of cannabinoids on tumour progression are still needed.
Qualitative Analysis by Spot Tests: Inorganic and Organic Applications (Feigl, Fritz) (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTQualitative Analysis by Spot Tests: Inorganic and Organic Applications (Feigl, Fritz)W. C. Johnson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1938, 15, 6, 297Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 June 1938Published inissue 1 June 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/ed015p297.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1021 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Oblivious routing on geometric networks (2005)

We study oblivious routing in which the packet paths are constructed independently of each other. We give a simple oblivious routing algorithm for geometric networks in which the nodes are embedded in the Euclidean plane. In our algorithm, a packet path is constructed by first choosing a random intermediate node in the space between the source and destination, and then the packet is sent to its destination through the intermediate node. We analyze the performance of the algorithm in terms of the stretch and congestion of the resulting paths. We show that the stretch is constant, and the congestion is near optimal when the network paths can be chosen to be close to the geodesic lines that connect the end points of the paths. We give applications of our general result to the mesh topology and uniformly distributed disc graphs. Previous oblivious routing algorithms with near optimal congestion use many intermediate nodes and do not control the stretch.
Treating Endometriosis Pain: A Multidisciplinary Approach (1997)

Endometriosis is a painful recurring disease for which there are several treatments but little or no clinical guides for optimal application. In order to more appropriately treat these patients, we need to take a more holistic long-term approach to disease management.
Thallium in organic synthesis. 44. Oxidative rearrangements via oxythallation with thallium(III) nitrate supported on clay (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThallium in organic synthesis. 44. Oxidative rearrangements via oxythallation with thallium(III) nitrate supported on clayEdward C. Taylor, Chih-Shu Chiang, A. McKillop, and J. F. WhiteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6750–6752Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00437a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metallurgical and electrical characterization of ultrathin CoTi<inf>x</inf> liner/barrier for Cu interconnects (2017)

This paper reports an amorphous CoTi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> alloy as a single-layer liner/barrier material for intermediate interconnects in place of bilayer Ta/TaN materials. The CoTix layer was found to enhance adhesion of Cu/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The CoTi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> layer stayed amorphous after annealing at 400°C, and started to crystallize at 500°C. Capacitance-voltage measurement of the samples showed no interdiffusion of Cu ions into SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> after annealing up to 600°C and after bias thermal stress at 250°C at 3 MV/cm. All the obtained results showed that the amorphous CoTi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> alloy is a promising material for a liner/barrier layer in advanced technology node.
Efficient interconnection designs for switch-based local area networks (2002)

This paper presents a study of efficient arrangements of switches intended to support a local area network environment. Given a set of switches, the goal is to find the interconnection pattern which maximizes the number of simultaneous connections the network can support. Various configurations of switches are evaluated and compared. The results of this paper may be applied to any set of connection-oriented switches, e.g., ATM, HIPPI.
Virtual endoscopy using perspective volume-rendered three-dimensional sonographic data: technique and clinical applications. (1999)

Using the proposed methods, radiologists will find it possible to create virtual endoscopy and external perspective views using sonographic data. The technique works well for revealing the interior of fluid-filled structures and cavities. However, expected improvements in computer performance and integration with existing sonographic equipment will be necessary for the technique to become practical in the clinical environment.
Human microglial cells have phenotypic and functional characteristics in common with both macrophages and dendritic antigen-presenting cells (1994)

Resting microglia comprise up to 13% of the cells in human central nervous system (CNS) white matter. Their large number and dendritic morphology make them ideally suited to survey the CNS for noxious stimuli. Upon activation microglia gradually lose dendritic processes and transform into typical phagocytic macrophages. Microglia have been implicated as the main antigen presenting cell within the CNS, and appear to be of central importance as effectors and regulators of demyelination. To further characterize the capacity for immune reactivity within the human CNS, we have studied several characteristics of microglia, both in situ and in vitro. We find that human microglia have ultrastructural, phenotypic (CD11c, CD68, acid phosphatase), and functional (FcR and CR mediated phagocytosis) properties typical for cells of the monocyte lineage. Our data indicate that microglia also have properties in common with dendritic antigen-presenting cells. Electron microscopy studies show extended dendritic cell processes on cultured microglia, and microglia are, like dendritic cells, negative for the monocyte markers nonspecific esterase, endogenous peroxidase, CD14, and RFD7. Microglia constitutively express HLA-DR in situ, and express the dendritic cell marker RFD1 upon activation. Coculturing of microglia with CD4+ T cells results in clustering of T cells around microglia and initiation of a mixed lymphocyte reaction, both distinguishing features of dendritic cells. These functional properties of microglia may be of importance for the maintenance of an immunologic response in the CNS, an organ where dendritic cells, in contrast to other organs, have not previously been identified.
Dietary fat and bile juice, but not obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability induced through the suppression of tight junction protein expression in LETO and OLETF rats (2010)

Excessive dietary fat and/or increased levels of luminal bile juice, but not genetic obesity, are responsible for the increase in small intestinal permeability resulting from the suppression of TJ protein expression.
THE CONTROL OF DAYLIGHT-LINKED LIGHTING SYSTEMS (1984)

This paper describes the components of a daylight-linked lighting system and presents three simple control algorithms that can be incorporated into a control system to achieve the design objective of constant task illuminance.
<title>Selected Five Color Operation Of A CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> Laser</title> (1980)

A simple CO<sub>2</sub> laser can be caused to exhibit a specific sequence of five rotational lines or "colors" with cavity length tuning. The sequence, useful in multicolor interferometric distance measurement, is predicted to appear only near certain discrete laser cavity lengths. Three different length breadboard lasers are described in which a desired sequence is found.
Continuous separation of microparticles in a microfluidic channel via the elasto-inertial effect of non-Newtonian fluid (2012)

Pure separation and sorting of microparticles from complex fluids are essential for biochemical analyses and clinical diagnostics. However, conventional techniques require highly complex and expensive labeling processes for high purity separation. In this study, we present a simple and label-free method for separating microparticles with high purity using the elasto-inertial characteristic of a non-Newtonian fluid in microchannel flow. At the inlet, particle-containing sample flow was pushed toward the side walls by introducing sheath fluid from the center inlet. Particles of 1 μm and 5 μm in diameter, which were suspended in viscoelastic fluid, were successfully separated in the outlet channels: larger particles were notably focused on the centerline of the channel at the outlet, while smaller particles continued flowing along the side walls with minimal lateral migration towards the centerline. The same technique was further applied to separate platelets from diluted whole blood. Through cytometric analysis, we obtained a purity of collected platelets of close to 99.9%. Conclusively, our microparticle separation technique using elasto-inertial forces in non-Newtonian fluid is an effective method for separating and collecting microparticles on the basis of size differences with high purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluoroalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds with (1,1‐Difluoroalkyl) silane Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immune Responses to Gene Product of Inducible Promoters (2007)

Efficient gene transfer has been achieved in several animal models using different vector systems, leading to stable transgene expression. The tight control of this expression is now an important outcome for the field of gene therapy. Such regulation is likely to be required for therapeutic applications and in some instances for safety reasons. For this purpose, several regulatable systems depending on small molecules have been developed. Among these, the tetracycline and the rapamycin dependent systems have been largely used. However, if long-term regulation of the transgene has been obtained in small animal models using these inducible systems, when translational studies were initiated in larger animals, the development of an immune response against proteins involved in transgene regulation were often observed. Such immune response was especially documented when using the TetOn tetracycline regulatable system in nonhuman primates (NHP). Humoral and destructive cellular immune responses against the transactivator involved in this regulation system were documented in a large majority of NHP leading to the complete loss of the transgene regulation and expression. This review will describe the immune responses observed in these different model systems applied for transgene regulation. Focus will be finally given on future directions in which such immune responses might be surmounted, enabling long-term transgene regulation in future clinical developments of gene transfer.