gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Polynucleotides (1972)

The single-stranded 29 nucleotide unit long deoxyribopolynucleotide served as a template for the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. RNA synthesis did not begin at the 3′ end of the template and initiation began with both ATP and GTP. Thus the RNA product was heterogeneous. Fractionation of the product by gel filtration at elevated temperature followed by nearest neighbor analysis showed that RNA chains started at the 5th, 7th, or 9th nucleotide units of the template. The amount of the RNA product did not exceed the amount of the template and the product was present as a hybrid duplex with the template. In order to control the point of initiation, a short ribo-oligonucleotide complementary to a region near the 3′-hydroxyl end of the template was used as a primer. Addition of the primer accelerated the reaction, abolished the de novo chain initiation, and the primer was shown to be incorporated into the RNA chains. The RNA formed was again present as a hybrid with the template and attempts to obtain extensive synthesis failed. Rifampicin, while completely inhibiting transcription of the deoxyribopolynucleotide in the absence of the primer, permitted the primer-dependent RNA synthesis to proceed. Products of the primer reaction were separated and subjected to complete nucleotide sequence analysis. A number of products were characterized. The multiplicity of products arose (a) from the fact that the primer could hybridize to the template molecules at two different sites and (b) because termination occurred at more than one point prior to the end of the template chain.
The ILAILL Study: Iloprost as Adjuvant to Surgery for Acute Ischemia of Lower Limbs (2006)

Although at lower levels than previously reported, our results confirm the severity of ALI. Iloprost as adjuvant to surgery significantly reduced mortality and overall major event rate. Further data are needed to support this finding, and to face a still open medical issue.
Effect of a Disaccharidase Inhibitor, AO-128, on Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Rats. (1992)

微生物の産生物バリオールアミンを化学修飾して得られたAO-128の糖質消化酵素活性に対する作用およびラットにおける食後高血糖抑制作用を検討した。部分精製したブタ小腸スクラーゼとマルターゼに対してAO-128は既知のα-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤であるacarboseより20～30倍強い阻害作用を示した。またラット小腸から精製したスクラーゼーイソマルターゼ複合体の酵素活性に対してはacarboseよりも190-3, 900倍強い阻害作用を示し, その阻害様式は拮抗的であった。しかし, ブタ膵由来のα-アミラーゼに対するAO-128の阻害作用はacarboseの1/3, 400ときわめて弱かった。AO-128はスクロース, マルトースおよびデンプン摂取後の高血糖を低用量で強く抑制したが, グルコース, フルクトースおよびラクトース摂取後の高血糖に対しては無効であった。AO-128投与ラットの小腸二糖類水解酵素量は増加したが, 酵素活性は著しく低下し, 脂肪組織重量も減少した。
Friend or foe—IDH1 mutations in glioma 10 years on (2019)

The identification of recurrent point mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene, albeit in only a small percentage of glioblastomas a decade ago, has transformed our understanding of glioma biology, genomics and metabolism. More than 1000 scientific papers have been published since, propelling bench-to-bedside investigations that have led to drug development and clinical trials. The rapid biomedical advancement has been driven primarily by the realization of a neomorphic activity of IDH1 mutation that produces high levels of (d)-2-hydroxyglutarate, a metabolite believed to promote glioma initiation and progression through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Thus, novel inhibitors of mutant IDH1 have been developed for therapeutic targeting. However, numerous clinical and experimental findings are at odds with this simple concept. By taking into consideration a large body of findings in the literature, this article analyzes how different approaches have led to opposing conclusions and proffers a counterintuitive hypothesis that IDH1 mutation is intrinsically tumor suppressive in glioma but functionally undermined by the glutamate-rich cerebral environment, inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and IDH1 copy-number alterations. This theory also provides an explanation for some of the most perplexing observations, including the scarcity of proper model systems and the prevalence of IDH1 mutation in glioma.
Fatty acids as signal transducing molecules: involvement in the differentiation of preadipose to adipose cells. (1994)

Fatty acids are important metabolic substrates for adipose tissue and act, in preadipose cells, as potent inducers of various proteins directly involved in their metabolism. We have investigated the long-term effects of fatty acids on the conversion process of preadipose Ob1771 cells to adipose cells. Chronic exposure of cells to palmitate led, in a dose-dependent manner, to a strong stimulation of cell differentiation; this effect was confined to terminal events whereas fatty acids did not affect expression of early genes related to commitment of adipoblasts to preadipose cells. Adipogenic action of fatty acids did not require their metabolism as 2-bromopalmitate, which is not metabolized by preadipose cells, was more effective than palmitate in inducing differentiation. The critical role of fatty acids occurred during the first 3 days of the differentiation process and led subsequently to an increase in the number of differentiated cells by means of enhancement of post-confluent mitoses and over-expression of terminal differentiation-related genes. These results thus provide, at the molecular level, a potential link observed in vivo between an increase in fatty acid supply induced by high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets and the hyperplastic development of adipose tissue.
The virtual magic lantern (2009)

In Volume Rendering, it is difficult to simultaneously visualize interior and exterior structures. Several approaches have been developed to solve this problem, such as cut-away or exploded views. Nevertheless, in most cases, those algorithms usually require either a preprocess of the data, or an accurate determination of the region of interest, previous to data inspection.
Identifying WeChat Message Types without Using Traditional Traffic (2019)

Attackers can eavesdrop and exploit user privacy by classifying traffic into different types of in-app service usage to identify user actions. WeChat is the largest social messaging platform, which is a popular application in China. When WeChat is shut down, it is unable to generate traffic; that is, traditional traffic. However, the traffic still can be generated by system. How to identify the message types within WeChat with traffic generated by a system instead of traditional traffic becomes a new challenge. To deal with this challenge, we designed a system to identify and analyze the traffic of the Apple Push Notification service (APNs) to identify the message types of WeChat. In detail, we designed a system to identify and analyze the traffic of the APNs. First, the system clusters the traffic based on the session and divides it into multiple bursts. Then, it extracts the features of each burst and sends these features to the learning-based classifier to extract APNs’s traffic from the background traffic. Finally, it uses a hash-based lookup table method to analyze message types from APNs traffic. Extensive evaluation results show that we can accurately identify the six message types of APN and WeChat. In addition, we propose two coping strategies for the method proposed in this article.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II)‐CHELATE VON 3‐HYDROXYIMINO‐PENTANDION‐(2,4) UND VERWANDTE VERBINDUNGEN (1971)

Abstract NO reagiert mit dem Diketonato‐Pd‐Komplex (I) zu den beiden Hydroxyiminopentandionato‐Komplexen (II) und (III) in geringen Mengen.
Recognizing Human Actions by Learning and Matching Shape-Motion Prototype Trees (2011)

A shape-motion prototype-based approach is introduced for action recognition. The approach represents an action as a sequence of prototypes for efficient and flexible action matching in long video sequences. During training, an action prototype tree is learned in a joint shape and motion space via hierarchical K-means clustering and each training sequence is represented as a labeled prototype sequence; then a look-up table of prototype-to-prototype distances is generated. During testing, based on a joint probability model of the actor location and action prototype, the actor is tracked while a frame-to-prototype correspondence is established by maximizing the joint probability, which is efficiently performed by searching the learned prototype tree; then actions are recognized using dynamic prototype sequence matching. Distance measures used for sequence matching are rapidly obtained by look-up table indexing, which is an order of magnitude faster than brute-force computation of frame-to-frame distances. Our approach enables robust action matching in challenging situations (such as moving cameras, dynamic backgrounds) and allows automatic alignment of action sequences. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves recognition rates of 92.86 percent on a large gesture data set (with dynamic backgrounds), 100 percent on the Weizmann action data set, 95.77 percent on the KTH action data set, 88 percent on the UCF sports data set, and 87.27 percent on the CMU action data set.
Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems (2013)

New heat conversion technologies need to be developed and improved to take advantage of the necessary increase in the supply of renewable energy. The Organic Rankine Cycle is well suited for these applications, mainly because of its ability to recover low-grade heat and the possibility to be implemented in decentralized lower-capacity power plants. In this paper, an overview of the different ORC applications is presented. A market review is proposed including cost figures for several commercial ORC modules and manufacturers. An in-depth analysis of the technical challenges related to the technology, such as working fluid selection and expansion machine issues is then reported. Technological constraints and optimization methods are extensively described and discussed. Finally, the current trends in research and development for the next generation of Organic Rankine Cycles are presented.
Ganetespib (STA-9090), a Nongeldanamycin HSP90 Inhibitor, Has Potent Antitumor Activity in <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Models of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

Ganetespib has greater potency than 17-AAG and potential efficacy against several NSCLC subsets, including those harboring EGFR or ERBB2 mutation.
Physical properties of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent (1989)

In this report, we present the first physical characterization of the Creutzfeld-Jakob disease agent. Preparations with high yields of infectivity (assayed infectious units) were obtained by a novel, gentle procedure in which initially sedimenting Gp34 ("prion" protein) was disaggregated by a variety of criteria with no subsequent loss of infectivity. Studies with this preparation indicate that most of the Creutzfeld-Jakob disease agent has both a viruslike size and density. In velocity sedimentation and isopycnic sucrose gradients, infectivity comigrated with nucleic acid-protein complexes of appreciable size.
Plasma Exchange When Myeloma Presents as Acute Renal Failure (2005)

In patients with acute renal failure at the onset of multiple myeloma, there is no conclusive evidence that 5 to 7 plasma exchanges substantially reduce a composite outcome of death, dialysis dependence, or glomerular filtration rate less than 0.29 mL.s(-2).m(-2) (<30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) at 6 months.
Reaction of aromatic or heterocyclic amines and perfluoro-2-methylpent-2-ene to give fused pyridines, ketenimines, or enamines (1974)

Perfluoro-2-methylpent-2-ene (1) reacts with aromatic amines to give high yields of 4-arylaminoquino-lines; aminopyridines react similarly to give the corresponding derivatives of either naphthyridine or pyridopyrimidine, whereas aromatic primary amines with substituents in the ortho-positions, or t-butylamine, give ketenimines, dialkylamines give enamines, and ammonia gives a dicyano-enamine.
A Comparative Study of M-Commerce User Information Privacy Concerns: Korea and USA (2013)

As mobile commerce (m-commerce) activities worldwide are rapidly increasing, users' concerns over information privacy are arising. However, there has been little empirical research in this area. This paper attempts to study consumers' concerns for information privacy (CFIP) in the context of m-commerce, by analyzing the privacy concerns of mobile phone consumers in the United States and Korea. The descriptive statistics reveal that among ten categories of popular mobile activities, email and mobile payment are the only two activities that were conducted by more US users than Korean users. The statistical analysis finds that Korean users show significantly less concern over mobile privacy than the US users. This indicates an important cultural difference. In countries with collectivist cultural values, people are less concerned over individual information privacy than people in countries where individual freedom or individualism is emphasized. Other mobile users' demographic attributes (age, gender and experience) and their correlations with information privacy concerns are also studied in this paper from the cross-cultural perspective in the context of m-commerce.
Continuous simulation of slab deformation during multi-pass rolling. (2011)

Review on the deformation of slab during multi-pass rolling was carried out.The application of slab head and tail,the plat view pattern,the tracing of metal on slab corner,the tracing of inclusions in strip,the tracing of macrosegragation,and the evolution of surface cracks by using finite element method were proposed.
Identification of prelarge and presmall basic proteins in mouse myelin and their structural relationship to large and small basic proteins (1977)

A new technique is described to identify antigenically related proteins by radioimmunoassay after sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel fractionation. When adult mouse myelin was examined by this technique, four proteins that are antigenically related to the small myelin basic protein were identified. They were designated: prelarge (molecular weight 21,500), large (18,500), presmall (17,000), and small (14,000). The four proteins were isolated by elution from polyacrylamide gels, and each protein migrated as a single band when analyzed by either sodium dodecyl sulfate or acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serial dilutions of the purified proteins were measured by radioimmunoassay. Both the slope of the inhibition curve and the level of maximal inhibition for each protein were the same as for the small myelin basic protein, indicating that each of the four proteins contains all of the antigenic sites present in the small basic protein. Structural relationships among the four proteins were examined by using two-dimensional analysis of tryptic digests. The results showed that: large was similar in amino acid sequence to the major myelin basic protein from other species; small was identical in sequence to large, except for an internal deletion of approximately 40 amino acid residues: prelarge contained the sequence of large plus an additional sequence of 25-35 amino acid residues; and presmall contained the sequence of small plus the same additional sequence as in prelarge. The four proteins were also treated with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolienine (BNPS-skatole) which cleaves proteins specifically at tryptophan residues. Analysis of the cleavage products indicated that the additional amino acid sequence in both prelarge and presmall extends from the amino terminus of the molecule. Several implications of these results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Silanolates with Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Halides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Name dialing using final user defined vocabularies in mobile (GSM and TACS) and fixed telephone networks (2002)

This paper presents the results obtained on the evaluation of a new approach for generation of phonetic transcriptions for name dialing applications in different telephone networks and with temporal variations. In this kind of applications on-line construction of user vocabularies is mandatory. The proposed method allows adaptive selection of new transcriptions requiring much less speech utterances for system training than other approaches. The new approach is evaluated using data from different telephone networks (PSTN, GSM and TACS networks) and from different temporal utterances (recordings done in a period of two months).
Oscillating mitotic newt lung cell kinetochores are, on average, under tension and rarely push (1996)

Experimentally introduced tension on kinetochores and their centromeres has been shown to stabilize kinetochore attachment to microtubules, modify kinetochore directional instability, and regulate cell-cycle progression into anaphase. In mitosis, kinetochore tension and the stretch of centromere chromatin are produced by the movement of sister kinetochores toward opposite poles and astral ejection forces on the chromosome arms. However, newt lung cell kinetochores oscillate between poleward and away from the pole motility states throughout mitosis, indicating kinetochores are not under constant tension. To test whether kinetochores are under net tension while they are oscillating, and how often they are under compression and pushing into the chromosome, we measured the distance between sister kinetochores in newt lung cells using both video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy (VE-DIC) and immunofluorescence microscopy. We found that for chromosomes in which sister kinetochores are attached to opposite spindle poles, centromeres are, on average, stretched (2.2 microns in living cells and 1.8 microns in fixed cells) with respect to the inter-kinetochore 'rest' length (1.1 microns in living and fixed cells). For chromosomes in which only one kinetochore is attached to the spindle, the centromere chromatin associated with the tethered kinetochore is, on average, stretched to approximately half of the average inter-kinetochore distance measured for chromosomes in which both kinetochores are attached. We conclude that while newt lung cell kinetochores oscillate between states of P and AP movement, they are under tension approximately 90% of the time and under compression less than 6% of the time.
DMRT‐1 expression during NEC8 human embryonic carcinoma cell differentiation (2006)

To elucidate the relationship between dsx and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt-1) and differentiation, alteration in mRNA levels during differentiation of NEC8 human embryonic carcinoma cells was investigated. After stimulation with 50 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the cells differentiated into cells with mesenchymal characteristics and upregulated Dmrt-1 mRNA, possibly through the protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase/activated protein-1 signaling pathway. Conversely, knockdown of Dmrt-1 by small interfering RNA resulted in cell morphology that was different from that after PMA treatment. These results indicated that Dmrt-1 expression was apparently associated with the differentiation of NEC8, and this cell line may be a helpful in vitro tool to clarify the role of Dmrt-1 in the differentiation process.
Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cognitive Function in Older Men* (1999)

The objective of this study was to determine whether endogenous sex hormone levels predict cognitive function in older men. Our study design was an exploratory analysis in a population-based cohort in Rancho Bernardo, California. The study participants were 547 community-dwelling men 59-89 yr of age at baseline who were not using testosterone or estrogen therapy. Between 1984 and 1987, sera were collected for measurement of endogenous total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol levels. Between 1988 and 1991, 12 standard neuropsychological instruments were administered, including two items from the Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration (BIMC) Test, three measures of retrieval from the Buschke-Fuld Selective Reminding Test, a category fluency test, immediate and delayed recall from the Visual Reproduction Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination with individual analysis of the Serial Sevens and the "World" Backwards components, and the Trail-Making Test Part B. In age- and education-adjusted analyses, men with higher levels of total and bioavailable estradiol had poorer scores on the BIMC Test and Mini-Mental State Examination. Men with higher levels of bioavailable testosterone had better scores on the BIMC Test and the Selective Reminding Test (long-term storage). Five associations were U-shaped: total testosterone and total and bioavailable estradiol with the BIMC Test; bioavailable testosterone with the "World" test; and total estradiol with the Trail-Making Test. All associations were relatively weak but independent of age, education, body mass index, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and depression. In these older men, low estradiol and high testosterone levels predicted better performance on several tests of cognitive function. Linear and nonlinear associations were also found, suggesting that an optimal level of sex hormones may exist for some cognitive functions.
Production of Dehydroamino Acid-Containing Peptides by <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (2007)

Nisin is a pentacyclic peptide antibiotic produced by some Lactococcus lactis strains. Nisin contains dehydroresidues and thioether rings that are posttranslationally introduced by a membrane-associated enzyme complex, composed of a serine and threonine dehydratase NisB and the cyclase NisC. In addition, the transporter NisT is necessary for export of the modified peptide. We studied the potential of L. lactis expressing NisB and NisT to produce peptides whose serines and threonines are dehydrated. L. lactis containing the nisBT genes and a plasmid coding for a specific leader peptide fusion construct efficiently produced peptides with a series of non-naturally occurring multiple flanking dehydrobutyrines. We demonstrated NisB-mediated dehydration of serines and threonines in a C-terminal nisin(1-14) extension of nisin, which implies that also residues more distant from the leader peptide than those occurring in prenisin or any other lantibiotic can be modified. Furthermore, the feasibility and efficiency of generating a library of peptides containing dehydroresidues were demonstrated. In view of the particular shape and reactivity of dehydroamino acids, such a library provides a novel source for screening for peptides with desired biological and physicochemical properties.