gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reaction of Trimethylene Oxide with Amines<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Trimethylene Oxide with Amines1Scott Searles and Vance P. GregoryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 10, 2789–2790Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01639a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01639a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Usefulness of Introducer Technique Combined with a Commercially Available Anchoring Device for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (2002)

Background and Purpose: The pull or push technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement has some disadvantages. We have safely performed PEG with the introducer technique using an anchoring device that secures the stomach to the abdominal wall. Patients and Methods: Two patients with neurologic impairment and one with lockjaw underwent PEG with the introducer technique because of feeding difficulties. In the former patients, retroflexion of the neck developed excessively, and periodic changing of the feeding tube was hard to perform. With the patient under general anesthesia, two fixing sutures for gastropexy were placed 2 cm apart using the anchoring device. Between the fixing sutures, a puncture needle with a peel-away sheath was passed into the stomach, and a 13F Silastic catheter was passed through the sheath. The catheter was secured after a balloon was inflated. Feeding was started 24 hours after the catheter insertion. Results: The operative times for the various cases were 42, 65, and 22 minutes. There was no complication associated with the PEG procedure and no clinical evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Conclusion: Gastropexy using the anchoring device makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages of the introducer technique such as unreliability of gastric puncture and possible balloon malfunction leading to major intraperitoneal leakage. The introducer technique combined with gastropexy is extremely useful in performing PEG because it avoids some risks inherent in the push or pull technique, including pericatheter infection and potential injury to the pharynx or esophagus.
Improving small animal cone beam CT resolution by mitigating x-ray focal spot induced blurring via deconvolution (2022)

<i>Objective.</i>Modern preclinical small animal radiation platforms utilize cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for image guidance and experiment planning purposes. The resolution of CBCT images is of particular importance for visualizing fine animal anatomical structures. One major cause of spatial resolution reduction is the finite size of the x-ray focal spot. In this work, we proposed a simple method to measure x-ray focal spot intensity map and a CBCT image domain deblurring model to mitigate the effect of focal spot-induced image blurring.<i>Approach.</i>We measured a projection image of a tungsten ball bearing using the flat panel detector of the CBCT platform. We built a forward blurring model of the projection image and derived the spot intensity map by deconvolving the measured projection image. Based on the measured spot intensity map, we derived a CBCT image domain blurring model for images reconstructed by the filtered backprojection algorithm. Based on this model, we computed image domain blurring kernel and improved the CBCT image resolution by deconvolving the CBCT image.<i>Main results.</i>We successfully measured the x-ray focal spot intensity map. The spot size characterized by full width at half maximum was ∼0.75 × 0.55 mm<sup>2</sup>at 40 kVp. We computed image domain convolution kernels caused by the x-ray focal spot. A simulation study on noiseless projections was performed to evaluate the spatial resolution improvement exclusively by the focal spot kernel, and the modulation transfer function (MTF) at 50% was increased from 1.40 to 1.65 mm<sup>-1</sup>for in-plane images and 1.05-1.32 mm<sup>-1</sup>for cross-plane images. Experimental studies on a CT insert phantom and a plastinated mouse phantom demonstrated improved spatial resolution after image domain deconvolution, as indicated by visually improved resolution of fine structures. MTF at 50% was improved from 1.00 to 1.12 mm<sup>-1</sup>for in-plane direction and from 0.72 to 0.84 mm<sup>-1</sup>for cross-plane direction.<i>Significance.</i>The proposed method to mitigate blurring caused by finite x-ray spot size and improve CBCT image resolution is simple and effective.
CSE: Conceptual Sentence Embeddings based on Attention Model (2016)

Most sentence embedding models typically represent each sentence only using word surface, which makes these models indiscriminative for ubiquitous homonymy and polysemy. In order to enhance representation capability of sentence, we employ conceptualization model to assign associated concepts for each sentence in the text corpus, and then learn conceptual sentence embedding (CSE). Hence, this semantic representation is more expressive than some widely-used text representation models such as latent topic model, especially for short-text. Moreover, we further extend CSE models by utilizing a local attention-based model that select relevant words within the context to make more efficient prediction. In the experiments, we evaluate the CSE models on two tasks, text classification and information retrieval. The experimental results show that the proposed models outperform typical sentence embed-ding models.
Configuration code generation and optimizations for heterogeneous reconfigurable DSPs (2003)

In this paper we describe a code generation and optimization process for reconfigurable architectures targeting digital signal processing and wireless communication applications. The ability to generate efficient and compact code is essential for the success of reconfigurable architectures. Otherwise, the overhead of reconfiguring could easily become the system bottleneck. Our code generation process includes the evaluation a set of tradeoffs in system design, software engineering as well as usage of a set of local and global optimization techniques. By doing so we are able to achieve results of significantly lower overhead.
System performance prediction for personal communication systems (2002)

A new location reliability formula, based on a path loss model appropriate for microcellular communication, is derived. Also an improved interpolation formula, for the calculation of log-normal shadow fading loss is presented.
Analyzing and re-engineering business processes using simulation (1994)

Increasingly, companies around the world are re-engineering their core business processes to be more profitable and to improve customer satisfaction. Modeling and analysis are two critical steps in any process redesign effort. In this paper, we discuss the need for simulation tools that can be used effectively to model, document and analyze business processes. We also present the design of a hierarchical simulation tool called BPMAT (Business Process Modeling and Analysis Tool), and discuss its implementation.
Serum Selenium, Copper, and Zinc Concentrations in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (1993)

Serum selenium, copper, and zinc levels were studied in 47 patients with Crohn's disease, 117 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 123 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum selenium levels were lower and serum copper levels were higher in men and women with Crohn's disease than in controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Trace element levels were not significantly influenced by extent or localization of Crohn's disease. Men and women with ulcerative colitis had higher levels of copper and zinc than did controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Men with pancolitis had significantly lower selenium and higher copper levels than men with proctitis. The implications of abnormal trace element status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are discussed.
Large Domains of Continuous Grain Silicon on Glass Substrate for High-Performance TFTs (2004)

Structural and electronic properties of continuous grain (CG) silicon fabricated by the low temperature catalyst-assisted solid-phase crystallization, was investigated by comparing it with those of so-called low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS). CG silicon showed a very large domain size, up to 15 /spl mu/m, whereas the size of conventional LTPS is typically less than 1 /spl mu/m. Misorientation angles at the grain boundaries for CG silicon were found mostly to be less than 10/spl deg/ in contrast to that between 30 and 60/spl deg/ for the LTPS. In addition, the lattice images at the grain boundary of CG silicon are almost aligned regularly, leaving only a few stacking faults. The trap state density at the grain boundaries was evaluated to be 4.5/spl times/10/sup 11//cm/sup 2/ by the modified Levinson analysis of CG silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs), which is less than half of the value for the conventional LTPS. It was concluded that the CG silicon with larger domains and lower misoriented grain boundaries has significantly higher potential for the lower trap state density at the grain boundaries and higher performance of CG silicon-TFTs over the LTPS-TFTs.
KINK-1, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of IKKβ, and the Susceptibility of Melanoma Cells to Antitumoral Treatment (2008)

Inhibition of constitutive and induced IKKbeta-activity through treatment with KINK-1 might increase tumor susceptibility to chemotherapy.
A New Method for Continuous Chronic Measurement and Recording of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Activity in the Rat Via Radio-telemetry (1991)

Accurate continuous chronic measurements of blood pressure from conscious laboratory rats are critical to many experimental protocols but have been difficult or impossible to acquire. A system consisting of an implantable radio-telemetry device, receiver, and computer-based data acquisition system that allows such measurements to be easily obtained has been developed. This system is capable of monitoring and recording arterial pressure (waveform, systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, and activity from rats weighing greater than 175 gm for periods in excess of 6 months. Chronic patency has been achieved through a patented design which includes an antithrombogenic film and a gel membrane located at the catheter tip. Validation of telemetered measurements via carotid catheter has demonstrated the accuracy to be better than +/- 5 mmHg in 85% (N = 20) tested at 3 weeks post implantation, 86% (N = 15) tested at 8 weeks, and 78% (N = 9) at 12 weeks. Incidence of loss of patency was 2.3% (N = 44). This system has a demonstrated ability to obtain accurate continuous chronic measurements of arterial pressure free of the stressors associated with conventional systems.
Water Stress on U.S. Power Production at Decadal Time Horizons (2015)

Thermoelectric power production at risk, owing to current and projected water scarcity and rising stream temperatures, is assessed for the contiguous United States at decadal scales. Regional water scarcity is driven by climate variability and change, as well as by multi-sector water demand. While a planning horizon of zero to about thirty years is occasionally prescribed by stakeholders, the challenges to risk assessment at these scales include the difficulty in delineating decadal climate trends from intrinsic natural or multiple model variability. Current generation global climate or earth system models are not credible at the spatial resolutions of power plants, especially for surface water quantity and stream temperatures, which further exacerbates the assessment challenge. Population changes, which are difficult to project, cannot serve as adequate proxies for changes in the water demand across sectors. The hypothesis that robust assessments of power production at risk are possible, despite the uncertainties, has been examined as a proof of concept. An approach is presented for delineating water scarcity and temperature from climate models, observations and population storylines, as well as for assessing power production at risk by examining geospatial correlations of power plant locations within regions where the usable water supply for energy production happens to be scarcer and warmer. Our analyses showed that in the near term, more than 200 counties are likely to be exposed to water scarcity in the next three decades. Further, we noticed that stream gauges in more than five counties in the 2030s and ten counties in the 2040s showed a significant increase in water temperature, which exceeded the power plant effluent temperature threshold set by the EPA. Power plants in South Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas are likely to be vulnerable owing to climate-driven water stresses.
Antithrombotic Effect of MCI-9042, a New Antiplatelet Agent on Experimental Thrombosis Models (1991)

The antithrombotic effect of MCI-9042, (+-)-2-(dimethyl-amino)-1-((o-(m- methoxyphenethyl)phenoxyl]methyl]ethyl hydrogen succinate hydrochloride was investigated in three different experimental thrombosis models in animals. Simultaneous injection of serotonin and collagen into the tail vein in mice induced acute pulmonary thromboembolic death. MCI-9042 reduced the mortality in a dose dependent manner and its ED50 value was 1.9 mg/kg po. Ticlopidine (TCP) which is a positive reference compound as an antithrombotic drug reduced the mortality at doses of 10 mg/kg po and above. Cyproheptadine (CPH) and ketanserin (KTS) which are S2-serotonergic antagonists were also effective on the reduction of mortality. In mesenteric arterial thrombosis induced by electric stimulation in mice, MCI-9042 prolonged the occlusion time resulted from platelet thrombus formation (PD50: 23 mg/kg po). CPH and KTS prolonged the occlusion time as potent as MCI-9042, but TCP prolonged the occlusion time only at the high doses of 100 mg/kg po and above. In experimental arterial thrombosis which generated in implanted polyethylene tubing, MCI-9042 reduced the incidence of thrombus formation in the tubing and its ED50 value was 18 mg/kg po. TCP was also effective in this model with an ED50 of 170 mg/kg po. The present results lead to the consideration that serotonin plays a more important role in thrombus formation than that conjectured formerly, and suggest that MCI-9042 becomes a new kind of antithrombotic drug with S2-serotonergic receptor antagonism.
Investigation of self boosting disturbance induced by channel coupling in 3D stacked NAND flash memory (2011)

As the needs for high density NAND flash memory have been dramatically increasing, the memory density has also increased by scaling down the technology node. As the scaling of NAND flash memory is accelerated, the short channel effect is more severe and further scaling down is faced with process limitations. So, various types of 3D stacked NAND flash memory has been introduced and reported for ultra-high-density data storage and Fig. 1 shows one of the previously reported 3D stacked NAND flash memory structures [1-3]. However, as the distance between layers is reduced, several channel coupling problems are emerging. In this paper, we investigate the self boosting disturbance induced by channel coupling between layers in the 3D stacked NAND flash memory.
TRACEABLE CALIBRATIONS FOR WATER VAPOUR FLUX INSTRUMENTS (2006)

Water vapour flux instruments are used for the determination of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). TEWL is the rate of water loss through skin and is an important indicator of skin barrier function. The comparison of data recorded by different TEWL instruments is difficult due to the lack of a clear validated calibration method. Current state of the art membrane-based calibration techniques are based on an ASTM standard E96- 00 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapour Transmission of Materials but this method is shown to be unsuitable for the calibration of TEWL devices. Two recent UK Department of Trade and Industry projects have gone some considerable way towards developing a traceable alternative calibration method. This approach to calibration consists of a 1 µl droplet of water dispensed into the base of a specially designed calibration cap and the flux time-series curve is then logged until the droplet has fully evaporated. A calibration factor can be derived from the relationship between the mass of water dispensed and the area under the flux time-series curve. A series of calibration caps of different sizes provide different water vapour flux rates over the range of interest. The approach and detail of the calibration method, and some preliminary results are reported. By implementing a harmonized and traceable calibration, disparity between results from several different TEWL instruments was approximately halved in the range around 15 g m -2 h -1 .
Design, performance analysis, and implementation of a super-scalar video-on-demand system (2002)

Despite the availability of video-on-demand (VoD) services in a number of cities around the world, large-scale deployment of VoD services in a metropolitan area is still economically impractical. This study presents a novel super-scalar architecture for building very large-scale and efficient VoD systems. The proposed architecture combines the use of static multicast, dynamic multicast, and intelligent client-side caching to vastly reduce server and network resource requirement. Moreover, in sharp contrast to conventional VoD systems where the system cost increases at least linearly with the system scale, the proposed architecture becomes more efficient as the system scales up and can ultimately be scaled up to serve any number of users while still keeping the startup latency short. This paper presents this new architecture, proposes methods to support interactive playback controls without the need for additional server or client resources, and derives an approximate performance model to relate the startup latency with other system parameters. The performance model is validated using simulation and the architecture is evaluated under various system settings. Lastly, a system implementation is presented and benchmarking results obtained to further verify the architecture, the performance model, and the simulation results.
An highly scalable double density nonvolatile memory cell using two electrically isolated oxide-nitride-oxide charge storage stacks (2003)

A highly scalable double density nonvolatile memory cell using two electrically isolated oxide-nitride-oxide stacks is proposed and demonstrated by numerical device simulation. The operational mechanisms including read, program, erase and inhibit in an array structure are studied in detail. This double storage capability per single cell and highly scalable structure is very suitable for high density NVM application.
Limiting the immediate tax deduction for exploration expenditure (2014)

The effect of recent amendments to the Tax and Superannuation Laws Amendment (2014 Measures No.3) Act is that the immediate deduction for the cost of acquiring mining rights and information that are first used for exploration is limited to specific and narrow circumstances. The amendments also restrict taxpayer control over the calculation of the effective life of mining information, although they do provide a middle ground effective life for mining rights that was not previously available.
Dual-sensor camera for acquiring image sequences with different spatio-temporal resolution (2006)

In accordance with advances in camera technology, the requirement of high-quality video has greatly increased. Among the factors required for high-quality video are a high-resolution and a high frame rate. However, the limitation of the pixel transfer rate restricts compatibility of a high-resolution and a high frame rate in commercial camera. We propose a dual-sensor camera that consists of two cameras: one with a high-resolution and a low frame rate and the other with a low-resolution and a high frame rate. The system is capable of capturing two different image sequences: high-resolution images and high-frame-rate images. A sensor calibration for the dual-sensor camera is also proposed.
C7β-Methyl Analogues of the Orvinols: The Discovery of Kappa Opioid Antagonists with Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptor Partial Agonism and Low, or Zero, Efficacy at Mu Opioid Receptors (2015)

Buprenorphine is a successful analgesic and treatment for opioid abuse, with both activities relying on its partial agonist activity at mu opioid receptors. However, there is substantial interest in its activities at the kappa opioid and nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptors. This has led to an interest in developing compounds with a buprenorphine-like pharmacological profile but with lower efficacy at mu opioid receptors. The present article describes aryl ring analogues of buprenorphine in which the standard C20-methyl group has been moved to the C7β position, resulting in ligands with the desired profile. In particular, moving the methyl group has resulted in far more robust kappa opioid antagonist activity than seen in the standard orvinol series. Of the compounds synthesized, a number, including 15a, have a profile of interest for the development of drug abuse relapse prevention therapies or antidepressants and others (e.g., 8c), as analgesics with a reduced side-effect profile.
Conditional ablation of TGF-β signaling inhibits tumor progression and invasion in an induced mouse bladder cancer model (2016)

The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in cancer progression is still under debate. To determine the function of TGF-β signaling in bladder cancer progression, we conditionally knocked out the Tgfbr2 in mouse model after a N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl Nitrosamine induced bladder carcinogenesis. We found the ablation of TGF-β signaling could inhibit the cancer cell proliferation, cancer stem cell population and EMT, hence suppressed the invasive cancer progression, which is similar with the result of TGF-β receptor I inhibitor treatment. These findings recognize the roles and mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in bladder cancer progression in vivo for the first time.
Stimulus-sensitive hydrogels and their applications in chemical (micro)analysis (2003)

In this tutorial review the use of stimulus-sensitive hydrogels as sensors and actuators for (micro)analytical applications is discussed. The first part of the article is aimed at making the reader familiar with stimulus-sensitive hydrogels, their chemical composition and their chemo-physical behavior. The prior art in the field, that comprises a number of sensors ranging from metal ion-sensitive sensors to antigen-sensitive sensors and a few actuators, is also treated in this part. The second part of the article focusses on the use of stimulus-sensitive hydrogels for microsensors and microactuators as well as their application in micro total analysis systems. The benefits of stimulus-sensitive hydrogels, their miniaturisation and the use of 365 nm UV-photolithography as a fast economical manufacturing technique are discussed.