gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell to Cell Communication in Response to Mechanical Stress via Bilateral Release of Atp and Utp in Polarized Epithelia (2000)

Airway epithelia are positioned at the interface between the body and the environment, and generate complex signaling responses to inhaled toxins and other stresses. Luminal mechanical stimulation of airway epithelial cells produces a propagating wave of elevated intracellular Ca(2+) that coordinates components of the integrated epithelial stress response. In polarized airway epithelia, this response has been attributed to IP(3) permeation through gap junctions. Using a combination of approaches, including enzymes that destroy extracellular nucleotides, purinergic receptor desensitization, and airway cells deficient in purinoceptors, we demonstrated that Ca(2+) waves induced by luminal mechanical stimulation in polarized airway epithelia were initiated by the release of the 5' nucleotides, ATP and UTP, across both apical and basolateral membranes. The nucleotides released into the extracellular compartment interacted with purinoceptors at both membranes to trigger Ca(2+) mobilization. Physiologically, apical membrane nucleotide-release coordinates airway mucociliary clearance responses (mucin and salt, water secretion, increased ciliary beat frequency), whereas basolateral release constitutes a paracrine mechanism by which mechanical stresses signal adjacent cells not only within the epithelium, but other cell types (nerves, inflammatory cells) in the submucosa. Nucleotide-release ipsilateral and contralateral to the surface stimulated constitutes a unique mechanism by which epithelia coordinate local and distant airway defense responses to mechanical stimuli.
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY Investigation of Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticle-loaded Poly (acrylamide-co-itaconic acid)-Grafted Cotton Fabric (2008)

Cotton fabric was grafted with a poly (acrylamide-co-itaconic acid) co-polymer via ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) induced graft co-polymerization in an aqueous medium. The grafted cotton fabric was loaded with Ag nanoparticles by entrapment of Ag + ions into a grafted polymer network, followed by borohydride reduction. The resulting Ag nanoparticle-loaded grafted fabric was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The Ag nanoparticles were almost monodisperse in nature and their average diameter was approximately 12.5 nm. The fabric shows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli depending upon the extent of grafting of the polymer network onto the fabric and the amount of nano Ag loaded into the grafted fabric. Finally, the Ag-loaded grafted fabric is found to suppress the bacterial growth approximately 3 h after the immersion of the fabric into a nutrient broth at 37 o C.
Detecting Overfitting via Adversarial Examples (2019)

The repeated community-wide reuse of test sets in popular benchmark problems raises doubts about the credibility of reported test-error rates. Verifying whether a learned model is overfitted to a test set is challenging as independent test sets drawn from the same data distribution are usually unavailable, while other test sets may introduce a distribution shift. We propose a new hypothesis test that uses only the original test data to detect overfitting. It utilizes a new unbiased error estimate that is based on adversarial examples generated from the test data and importance weighting. Overfitting is detected if this error estimate is sufficiently different from the original test error rate. We develop a specialized variant of our test for multiclass image classification, and apply it to testing overfitting of recent models to the popular ImageNet benchmark. Our method correctly indicates overfitting of the trained model to the training set, but is not able to detect any overfitting to the test set, in line with other recent work on this topic.
The State of Outdoor Recreation in Utah 2020 (2020)

The purpose of this report is to provide a high-level review of the trends that define outdoor recreation within Utah. We do this by distilling data from a variety of sources, focusing on ‘key metrics’ that can be tracked over time, serving as a finger on the pulse on the health of outdoor recreation within Utah. Data on outdoor recreation participation and its benefits and impacts varies considerably across the state depending upon the managing agency collecting the data. This report focuses on statewide data available for outdoor recreation opportunities provided on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, USDA Forest Service, and Utah State Parks. We highlight data unique to administrative units (e.g., national parks or forests) where applicable. The report focuses on four sets of key metrics: 1) Participation; 2) Economics; 3) Infrastructure; and 4) Gateway and Natural Amenity Region (GNAR) communities.
Analysis of a surface-scattering spectrometer (1989)

A general light-scattering spectrometer for measuring surface fluctuations is analyzed by using the methods of Fourier optics. Optical configurations can be designed so that the autocorrelation of the photocurrent is given by either the first- or the second-order correlation functions for the surface fluctuations. Fluctuations in capillary-wave amplitude and in surface density can be detected separately for a number of cases of practical interest. A method is proposed for unambiguous detection of capillary waves with amplitudes larger than the optical wavelength.
Synthesis and solution properties of hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes with variable oxyethylene spacer lengths (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and solution properties of hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes with variable oxyethylene spacer lengthsJ. Philip Kaczmarski and J. Edward GlassCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 19, 5149–5156Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00071a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00071a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of β-amylase from <i>Bacillus polymyxa</i> (1999)

A truncated beta-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.2) from Bacillus polymyxa has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 277 K. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with cell dimensions a = 64.6, b = 141.9, c = 155.1 A and diffract to 2.5 A resolution. The asymmetric unit containing three protein molecules was derived from an electron-density map calculated at 4 A resolution using MIR phases. This gives a Vm value of 2.36 A3 Da-1.
Subcultures and Political Resistance (2004)

(2004). Subcultures and Political Resistance. Peace Review: Vol. 16, SYMPOSIUM: Subcultures and Political Resistance Special Editors: Jeffrey Paris, University of San Francisco Michacl Ault, California State University, Bakersficld, pp. 403-407.
Fine-grained recognition without part annotations (2015)

Scaling up fine-grained recognition to all domains of fine-grained objects is a challenge the computer vision community will need to face in order to realize its goal of recognizing all object categories. Current state-of-the-art techniques rely heavily upon the use of keypoint or part annotations, but scaling up to hundreds or thousands of domains renders this annotation cost-prohibitive for all but the most important categories. In this work we propose a method for fine-grained recognition that uses no part annotations. Our method is based on generating parts using co-segmentation and alignment, which we combine in a discriminative mixture. Experimental results show its efficacy, demonstrating state-of-the-art results even when compared to methods that use part annotations during training.
Proteasomal Degradation of TRIM5α during Retrovirus Restriction (2008)

The host protein TRIM5alpha inhibits retroviral infection at an early post-penetration stage by targeting the incoming viral capsid. While the detailed mechanism of restriction remains unclear, recent studies have implicated the activity of cellular proteasomes in the restriction of retroviral reverse transcription imposed by TRIM5alpha. Here, we show that TRIM5alpha is rapidly degraded upon encounter of a restriction-susceptible retroviral core. Inoculation of TRIM5alpha-expressing human 293T cells with a saturating level of HIV-1 particles resulted in accelerated degradation of the HIV-1-restrictive rhesus macaque TRIM5alpha protein but not the nonrestrictive human TRIM5alpha protein. Exposure of cells to HIV-1 also destabilized the owl monkey restriction factor TRIMCyp; this was prevented by addition of the inhibitor cyclosporin A and was not observed with an HIV-1 virus containing a mutation in the capsid protein that relieves restriction by TRIMCyp IVHIV. Likewise, human TRIM5alpha was rapidly degraded upon encounter of the restriction-sensitive N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) but not the unrestricted B-MLV. Pretreatment of cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the HIV-1-induced loss of both rhesus macaque TRIM5alpha and TRIMCyp proteins. We also detected degradation of endogenous TRIM5alpha in rhesus macaque cells following HIV-1 infection. We conclude that engagement of a restriction-sensitive retrovirus core results in TRIM5alpha degradation by a proteasome-dependent mechanism.
The Effect of Single-Dose Propofol Injection on Pain and Quality of Life in Chronic Daily Headache: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial (2009)

A single IV infusion of propofol 2.4 mg/kg produces a statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, reduction in disability from CDH 30 days after infusion and does not reduce pain intensity or analgesic use. This study does not support this regimen of IV propofol for clinical management of CDH.
Dehydration of Ethyl Alcohol by Fractional Liquid Extraction (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehydration of Ethyl Alcohol by Fractional Liquid ExtractionEdward G. ScheibelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 8, 1497–1508Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50488a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50488a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Gene therapy for the hemophilias (2002)

Recent advances in the field of gene transfer are producing tantalizing results suggesting that the potential to correct disease at a molecular level may be at hand. Genetic correction of the hemophilias--bleeding disorders that stem from the deficiency of functional factor VIII or IX--represent models for the development of a basic understanding of how gene therapy will be achieved. The goals for hemophilia gene transfer are to produce therapeutic amounts of the coagulant protein while minimizing an immune response or antibody inhibitor. This requires the use of nontoxic vectors to deliver genes that express the protein in a functional form for the life of the patient. Based on a scientific understanding of the molecular and cellular defects leading to the bleeding phenotype, gene transfer studies at the laboratory and clinic have produced exciting results. The author here provides a critical assessment of the state of hemophilia gene transfer and its relevance to the field as a whole.
Flurandrenolone and Occlusion in Psoriasis (1964)

Twenty-two patients with psoriasis were treated with topically applied flurandrenolone cream and occlusion for extensive periods extending four weeks beyond the time when all lesions had disappeared. Biopsies were taken from apparently uninvolved skin and from a plaque of psoriasis prior to treatment, and then weekly thereafter from the psoriasis sites. Histologic and histochemical stains of the skin sections were done. Results of the study show that complete resolution of the abnormal histologic and histochemical features of psoriasis does not occur. Even as late as four weeks after complete clinical clearance the sulfhydryl, disulfide, and ribonucleic acid changes are still apparent in the area of the previous gross psoriatic lesion. Clinically uninvolved skin also shows some evidence of abnormality in patients with psoriasis. The clinical relapse rate in patients treated with topical flurandrenolone and occlusion for four weeks beyond clinical clearance was 54% in a six-month period of observation. It was felt that prolonged treatment reduced the relapse rate and increased the remission time.
Streptococcus suis Type 2 Infection in Swine in Ontario: A Review of Clinical and Pathological Presentations. (1982)

Over an 18 month period Streptococcus suis type 2 was isolated in pure or mixed culture in 19 disease outbreaks in pigs. Morbidity and case fatality were variable. Clinical signs were of a nervous or respiratory disease or of death with no premonitory signs. Gross and microscopic findings included one or more of fibrinous polyserositis, fibrinous or hemmorhagic bronchopneumonia, purulent meningitis, myocardial necrosis, focal myocarditis and valvular endocarditis. Brain, cerebrospinal fluid and lung were most reliable sites for isolation of the organism.
Turbofan Performance Deterioration Tracking Using Nonlinear Models and Optimization Techniques (2002)

A method of identifying the gradual deterioration in the components of jet engines is presented. It is based on the use of an engine model which has the capability to adapt component condition parameters, so that measured quantities are matched. The main feature of the method is that it gives the possibility to identify performance deviations in a number of parameters larger than the number of measured quantities. This is achieved by optimizing a cost function which incorporates not only measurement matching terms, but also terms expressing various constraints resulting from the physical knowledge of the deterioration process. Time series of data representing deterioration scenarios are used to demonstrate the method’s capabilities. The test case considered is a twin spool partially mixed turbofan, representative of present-day large civil aeroengines. Implementation aspects, related to both the measurement set and the identification algorithms are discussed. An interpretation of the output of the method in function of different parameters entering the diagnostic problem is presented.
BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF DEGRADATION OF ANTHOCYANINS IN GRAPE POMACE (2009)

ABSTRACT Because of the growing interest in nutraceuticals and their health benefits, it is important to develop tools for modeling degradation of nutraceuticals in low‐moisture‐ and high‐temperature‐heated foods. The objective of this study was to estimate the kinetic parameters for the degradation of anthocyanins in grape pomace and to calculate the bootstrap confidence interval (CI), which is a more realistic estimate of the true CI than the commonly used asymptotic CI. Thermal and kinetic parameters for unsteady‐state conduction‐heated foods (grape pomace) were estimated separately using an inverse problem technique. Rate constant ( k r ) and activation energy ( E a ) for the degradation of anthocyanins in grape pomace were estimated, and the 95% bootstrap CIs were calculated and compared with the 95% asymptotic CIs. Grape pomace at 42% moisture content (wet basis) in steel cans (radius 0.027 m, and height 0.073 m) was heated in a steam retort at 126.7C. Anthocyanin retention was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The retention values were used to estimate kinetic parameters, which were k 113.9C = 0.0606/min and E a = 65.32 kJ/mol. Asymptotic CIs for k 113.9C and E a were 0.052 and 0.068, and 23.3 and 102.7, respectively. Bootstrap 95% CIs for k 113.9C and E a were 0.053 and 0.066, and 49.08 and 104.9, respectively. Bootstrap confidence band and bootstrap prediction band (PB) for anthocyanin retention were smaller than asymptotic confidence and PBs, respectively. The smaller width of the bootstrap bands, which are considered more accurate than asymptotic bands, allows more accurate process design and cost‐savings, potentially leading to higher‐quality nutraceutical products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Thermal and kinetic parameters for unsteady‐state conduction‐heated foods (grape pomace) were estimated separately using nonlinear regression techniques. This non‐isothermal method of estimating thermal and kinetic parameters is fast, convenient and more accurate than the isothermal method. Also, for certain application such as low‐moisture solids at high temperatures, isothermal experiments are not feasible. There is much more information gained from the type of plot presented here than from the typical plot with only one fitted line showing the mean values. The smaller width of the bootstrap bands, which are considered more accurate than asymptotic bands, allows more accurate process design and cost‐savings, potentially leading to higher‐quality nutraceutical products.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Is a Key Regulator of Keratinocyte Survival and Proliferation following UV Irradiation (2005)

UVB irradiation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3)-deficient keratinocytes resulted in a high incidence of apoptosis compared with controls. Conversely, forced expression of Stat3 desensitized keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis. Upon UVB exposure, keratinocyte Stat3 was rapidly dephosphorylated, followed by decreases of both Stat3 mRNA and protein levels in a p53-independent manner. Vanadate treatment reversed the UVB-induced down-regulation of Stat3 and generation of apoptotic keratinocytes, suggesting the involvement of a tyrosine phosphatase. Furthermore, Stat3 was required for UVB-induced proliferation of follicular keratinocytes, leading to epidermal thickening. Finally, constitutive activation of Stat3 was observed in UVB-induced squamous cell carcinomas of either mice or human origin. These data suggest that Stat3 is required for survival and proliferation of keratinocytes following UVB exposure and that Stat3 is tightly regulated as part of a novel protective mechanism against UVB-induced skin cancer.
Chemokine-cleaving Streptococcus pyogenes protease SpyCEP is necessary and sufficient for bacterial dissemination within soft tissues and the respiratory tract (2010)

SpyCEP is a Streptococcus pyogenes protease that cleaves CXCL8/IL-8 and its activity is associated with human invasive disease severity. We investigated the role of SpyCEP in S. pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis and respiratory tract infection in mice using isogenic strains differing only in SpyCEP expression. SpyCEP cleaved human CXCL1, 2, 6 and 8 plus murine CXCL1 and 2 at a structurally conserved site. Mice were infected in thigh muscle with a strain of S. pyogenes that expresses a high level of SpyCEP, or with an isogenic non-SpyCEP expressing strain. SpyCEP expression by S. pyogenes hindered bacterial clearance from muscle, and enhanced bacterial spread, associated with cleavage of murine chemoattractant CXCL1. Mice were then infected with Lactococcus lactis strains that differed only in SpyCEP expression. In contrast to the parent L. lactis strain (lacks SpyCEP), which was avirulent when administered intramuscularly, infection with a strain that expressed SpyCEP heterologously led to dramatic systemic illness within 24 h, failure to clear bacteria from muscle and marked dissemination to other organs. In the upper airways, SpyCEP expression was required for survival of L. lactis but not S. pyogenes. However, dissemination of S. pyogenes to the lung was SpyCEP-dependent and was associated with evidence of chemokine cleavage. Taken together, the studies provide clear evidence that SpyCEP is necessary and sufficient for systemic bacterial dissemination from a soft tissue focus in this model and also underlies dissemination in the respiratory tract.
Mechanisms of Aromatic Amine Antidegradants (1985)

Nitroxides and benzoquinonediimines are formed from aromatic amines and diamines respectively as a consequence of amine involvement in antioxidant and/or antiozonant processes. Their participation in antioxidant regenerative mechanisms is suggested. Features of phenylenediamine involvement in antiozonant processes are discussed in relation to contemporary theories.
Stiffness, Strength, and Ductility of Nanoscale Thin Films and Membranes: A Combined Wrinkling–Cracking Methodology (2011)

We establish and validate a measurement method based on wrinkling-cracking phenomena that allows unambiguous measurements of three fundamental mechanical properties in nanoscale thin film geometries, including elastic modulus, strength, and fracture strain. In addition to polymer and metal thin films, the method is applied to the active nanolayers of a composite reverse osmosis membrane before and after chlorination, illustrating the ability to detect a ductile-to-brittle transition in these materials indicative of "embrittlement", a behavior that impairs long-term durability and is detrimental to membrane performance.
Windows NT User Administration (1997)

Based on real-world situations, this text covers specific problems faced by administrators and the tools needed to solve them. Structured around three basic areas: user security, user customization, and the auditing of system resources, the book presents realistic examples, offers solutions, and features many useful Perl scripts to help administrators manage and automate tasks.