gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy based variable rate compression for low-bandwidth multi-media streams (2008)

Trans-coding of Audio and video content is a recompression based on pre-processing the input and converting into a stream able wireless format over low bandwidth network which does not maintain an exactly constant bit rate. As the portable devices have an circular buffer other ad hoc networks which handles the incoming stream the encoder time indexes the stream bits according to the first frame's request and compresses and delivers packet according to the dynamic channel bandwidth. The circular buffer is said to contain the start sequence of the frame and the remaining are delivered before the Presentation Time field without ever overrunning the buffer. The compression model uses a similar algorithm as Huffman codes and the streams are optimized to be able easily seek into each frame by using a variable unitary part and fixed offset which is multiple of 2 for easy decoding. Only the frames are transmitted and the values are shared using a lookup table between the encoder and the decoder. In this paper the encoder uses multi-channel audio to mix different PCM samples across 64 volume levels of dynamic range to achieve trans-coding fps. In this paper we define an on-demand adaptive algorithm called trans-repairing for constrained devices which takes original 2 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> symbols and re-pairs it into m n symbols which are the current needs of low-power, low-bandwidth heterogeneous GPRS, ZigBee and other ad-hoc networks forming a collaborative multi-media smart wireless network.
Selektivhydrierung von Fettstoffen mit metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren nach Ziegler‐Sloan‐Lapporte IV: Isomerenverteilung während der Hydrierung mehrfach ungesättigter Fettsäuremethylester (1991)

Abstract Die Hydrierung von Linolsäuremethylester mittels eines metallorganischen Mischkatalysators vom Ziegler ‐Typ, bestehend aus Nickelstearat und Triethylaluminium, erfolgt zum größten Teil ohne vorherige Konjugation oder trans‐Isomerisierung, wobei beide Doppelbindungen mit gleicher Wahrscheinlichkeit abgesättigt werden. Solange noch zweifach ungesättigtes Edukt vorhanden ist, hemmt dies die Hydrierung und Isomerisierung des einfach ungesättigten Zwischenproduktes. Bei der Hydrierung von Linolensäuremethylester wird kaum Selektivität zur Bildung von Linolsäureester beobachtet, als Zwischenprodukt tritt vielmehr ein Gemisch aus zweifach und einfach ungesättigten C18‐Carbonsäuremethylestern auf, wobei in den zweifach ungesättigten Verbindungen nach vollständigem Umsatz des Linolensäuremethylesters beide Doppelbindungen durch mindestens zwei Methylengruppen getrennt sind. Polyene mit 1,4‐ständigen Doppelbindungen werden also bevorzugt vor Polyenen mit weiter auseinanderstehenden Doppelbindungen hydriert.
Multi-Object Representation Learning with Iterative Variational Inference (2019)

Human perception is structured around objects which form the basis for our higher-level cognition and impressive systematic generalization abilities. Yet most work on representation learning focuses on feature learning without even considering multiple objects, or treats segmentation as an (often supervised) preprocessing step. Instead, we argue for the importance of learning to segment and represent objects jointly. We demonstrate that, starting from the simple assumption that a scene is composed of multiple entities, it is possible to learn to segment images into interpretable objects with disentangled representations. Our method learns -- without supervision -- to inpaint occluded parts, and extrapolates to scenes with more objects and to unseen objects with novel feature combinations. We also show that, due to the use of iterative variational inference, our system is able to learn multi-modal posteriors for ambiguous inputs and extends naturally to sequences.
Semantic Web Technologies for Event Modeling and Analysis: A Well Surveillance Use Case (2010)

Abstract The ability to identify events of interest at the surface and sub-surface, and use event information for various workflows and analyses is a key enabler for a variety of surveillance, monitoring, and optimization workflows. The scalability, extensibility, and maintainability of an event management system is directly related to the conceptual model used to represent events, the ease with which relationships between events can be encoded in the form of rules, and the type of rule engine that performs the analysis necessary to extract useful, actionable information from the frequently updated event database. This paper summarizes our experience with building a well surveillance application using semantic web technologies. Events are modeled using the web ontology language (OWL) and relationships between events expressed as rules in the semantic web rule language SWRL. An off- the-shelf rule engine aggregates the values of lower level attributes related to well performance and not only infers the well status ("alert" or "no-alert") but also provides the entire chain of reasoning that led to the particular well status. Although more work needs to be done to translate the reasoning into a form that is comprehensible to the domain experts, even the raw information is a valuable aid in understanding and validating the rule base. We discuss the advantages of using semweb technologies for event management: the relatively low code complexity, the ability to remove existing rules or add new rules of arbitrary complexity at run time, and the ease of encoding domain knowledge into events and rules. Evaluation of time performance of our application for different number of wells is presented. The broader significance of this work is in the context of understanding the right technology (or combination of technologies) to build logical, extensible, and maintainable systems for processing field events.
A Square-Root Adaptive V-BLAST Algorithm for Fast Time-Varying MIMO Channels (2006)

Among the methods that have been proposed for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) receiver, the V-BLAST algorithm provides a good compromise between transmission rate, achievable diversity, and decoding complexity. In this paper, we derive a new adaptive V-BLAST type equalization scheme for fast time varying, flat fading MIMO channels. The proposed equalizer stems from the Cholesky factorization of MIMO system's output data autocorrelation matrix and the equalizer's filters are updated in time using numerically robust unitary Givens rotations. The new square-root algorithm exhibits identical performance to a recently proposed V-BLAST adaptive algorithm, offering at the same time substantially reduced computational complexity. Moreover, as expected due to its square-root form and verified by simulations, the algorithm exhibits particularly favourable numerical behaviour.
INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION: ITS RELATION TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY (1926)

The changes that occur in the body weight from day to day or, indeed, from hour to hour are unnoticed by most persons, probably because the body weight is fairly constant for weeks at a time. Large losses in weight, such as those which result from extreme exercise and profuse perspiration, as in athletic contests, are easily recognized, but smaller losses or increases are not so apparent. Thus, during the day variations in body weight amounting to several pounds, directly attributable to the ingestion of food and drink and the passage of feces and urine, may not be noted because it is not the custom to record the body weight frequently throughout the day and often the appliance on which the body is weighed is not accurate enough to show changes in weight of less than 1 pound or 0.5 Kg. Such alterations in body weight are easily understood, however,
Previously identified protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin beta docks import substrate at nuclear pore complexes. (1995)

Previously, we had purified a cytosolic protein complex, termed karyopherin, that functions in docking import substrate at the nuclear envelope in digitonin-permeabilized cells and also had molecularly cloned and sequenced its 97-kDa beta subunit. We now report that the karyopherin alpha subunit is the previously identified protein NPI-1/SRP-1 of hitherto uncertain function. Using purified recombinant karyopherin alpha or beta subunit, we showed that neither karyopherin alpha nor karyopherin beta alone was sufficient for docking of import substrate at the nuclear envelope. Docking occurred only when both subunits were present. Moreover, docking of import substrate by the two recombinant karyopherin subunits was productive, as it led to nuclear internalization of the docked substrate in the presence of additional, previously characterized cytosolic factors. In a binding assay using immobilized karyopherin alpha and beta subunits and import substrate as a ligand, we found that only karyopherin alpha bound ligand. We suggest that karyopherin beta functions as an adaptor that binds both to karyopherin alpha and to any of a large number of docking sites that are represented by a repetitive peptide motif containing nucleoporins on both the cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), bidirectionally ferrying a complex of karyopherin alpha-substrate across the NPC.
Vortex dynamics in a NbN film studied by terahertz spectroscopy (2009)

We have investigated the effect of vortex dynamics on high-frequency conductivity of a superconducting NbN film by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The complex conductivity of the mixed state up to 7 T is determined without using Kramers-Kronig analysis. The experimentally obtained conductivity spectra are analyzed by considering the contribution from quasiparticles in vortices and also from the vortex dynamics. To include the local-field effect in the high-frequency electromagnetic responses of mixed-state superconductors, we combined the Maxwell-Garnett theory with a self-consistent two-fluid model and obtained the expression for the effective conductivity. The volume fraction of the vortices shows the linear dependence on the applied magnetic field, as expected for $s$-wave superconductors, by taking into account the flux-flow resistivity.
Successful Preparation of Metabolite of Troglitazone by In-Flow Electrochemical Reaction on Coulometric Electrode (2007)

A simple, rapid and efficient system utilizing a coulometric electrode was developed for the preparation of drug metabolites. Trace amounts of reactants are usually generated in electrochemical reactions, which are not suitable for the sufficient preparation of products to obtain NMR and other spectral data for chemical structure confirmation or to obtain data from pharmacological activity screening tests of products. In the developed system, called the "in-flow electrochemical reaction system," a drug, troglitazone, was dissolved in a volatile flow solvent, and pumped into a coulometric electrode under optimized conditions, and the effluent was evaporated. Without any further purification, milligram amounts of a pure oxidation product of troglitazone could be obtained within several hours. The amount obtained was enough for (1)H- and (13)C-NMR analysis by which the structure could be confirmed and was found to be identical to one of the metabolites of troglitazone detected in human plasma. This system will be useful to prepare standard compounds of the required amount for pharmacokinetic study and for toxicokinetic study.
Integrative annotation of chromatin elements from ENCODE data (2012)

The ENCODE Project has generated a wealth of experimental information mapping diverse chromatin properties in several human cell lines. Although each such data track is independently informative toward the annotation of regulatory elements, their interrelations contain much richer information for the systematic annotation of regulatory elements. To uncover these interrelations and to generate an interpretable summary of the massive datasets of the ENCODE Project, we apply unsupervised learning methodologies, converting dozens of chromatin datasets into discrete annotation maps of regulatory regions and other chromatin elements across the human genome. These methods rediscover and summarize diverse aspects of chromatin architecture, elucidate the interplay between chromatin activity and RNA transcription, and reveal that a large proportion of the genome lies in a quiescent state, even across multiple cell types. The resulting annotation of non-coding regulatory elements correlate strongly with mammalian evolutionary constraint, and provide an unbiased approach for evaluating metrics of evolutionary constraint in human. Lastly, we use the regulatory annotations to revisit previously uncharacterized disease-associated loci, resulting in focused, testable hypotheses through the lens of the chromatin landscape.
High Speed Spectroscopic Measurement of Very Weak Radiation with Multichannel Coincidence Technique (1975)

A novel high speed spectrophotometric system for the measurement of the weak transient radiation which can be repeatedly provided has been constructed. The principle of operation is based on the nanosecond measurement of the time distribution of the emitted photon burst during the short period of transient radiation. The system is characterized by the unique operation of multichannel coincidence circuit which works in conjunction with a high speed timing discriminator. An on-line mini-computer also plays an important role in accomplishing the data acquisition and analysis. Typical fluorescence decay curves are presented to demonstrate the system performance.
Radial distribution study of vitreous barium borosilicate (1963)

An X-ray diffraction study of a barium borosilicate glass consisting of 24 mole percent barium oxide, 40 mole percent boric oxide, and 36 mole percent silicon dioxide has been performed. Resulting atomic radial distribution functions give the following average interatomic distances: Si-O, 1.6 A; Ba-O, 2.8 A; Ba-Ba, 4.7 A; and Ba-Ba, 6.8 A. From the 4.7 A Ba-Ba separation a Ba-O-Ba bond angle of about 115° has been calculated. The observed average barium separations are in partial agreement with that predicted by Levin and Block on the basis of a structural interpretation of immiscibility data. A proposed coordination change by Levin and Block for the barium atoms in the system has been confirmed, but the details of the coordination change mechanism have not. Combining the results of the radial distribution study and immiscibility data on the barium borosilicate modifier-rich liquid at maximum barium oxide content has indicated that approximately 16.75 mole percent barium oxide is involved in the 4.7 A separation and 8.25 mole percent is associated with the 6.8 A separation. A mechanism which allows the composition of the modifier-rich liquids in the ternary system to be calculated has been presented. The calculated composition has been found to agree well with the experimental value.
Striking sensing improvement of n-type oxide nanowires by electronic sensitization based on work function difference (2015)

An approach for improving the oxidizing or reducing gas-sensing abilities of n-type oxide nanowires by modifying the electron-depletion layer based on electron flow.
A Laser Surface Textured Hydrostatic Mechanical Seal (2002)

A mechanical seal subjected to laser surface texturing over an annular portion of one of its mating rings is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The partial surface texturing provides a mechanism for hydrostatic pressure build up in the sealing dam similar to that of a radial step or face coning. Optimization of the surface texturing parameters to obtain maximum hydrostatic pressure effect is performed on a theoretical model. A test rig that allows friction torque and temperature measurements in a back-to-back double seal arrangement is used to validate the surface texturing effect. It is found that optimally textured seals generate substantially less friction and heat. Moreover, a simple unbalanced seal, limited in its pressure capacity, can be easily transformed by surface texturing to an equivalent balanced seal with much higher pressure capability.
Multi-mode FMCW radar array with independent digital beam steering for transmit and receive (2008)

A phased-array FMCW radar has been design and built from COTS components. The generation of the frequency sweep is done by mixing a central local oscillator signal with a baseband sweep of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). To ensure maximum flexibility the receive side has been equipped with itpsilas own swept signal. The transmit frequency generation and receive frequency generation are derived from the same local oscillator signal and clock to ensure coherent operation. This architecture makes a very flexible platform as the waveforms can be changed, transmit and receive and be independently programmed and the system is scalable, also by the mechanical outline of the system and antenna.
Ambient Surfactantless Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Size-Dependent Electrocatalytic Behavior of High-Quality, Single Crystalline Palladium Nanowires (2011)

In this report, we utilize the U-tube double diffusion device as a reliable, environmentally friendly method for the size-controlled synthesis of high-quality, single crystalline Pd nanowires. The nanowires grown in 200 and 15 nm polycarbonate template pores maintain diameters of 270 ± 45 nm and 45 ± 9 nm, respectively, and could be isolated either as individual nanowires or as ordered free-standing arrays. The growth mechanism of these nanowires has been extensively explored, and we have carried out characterization of the isolated nanowires, free-standing nanowire arrays, and cross sections of the filled template in order to determine that a unique two-step growth process predominates within the template pores. Moreover, as-prepared submicrometer and nanosized wires were studied by comparison with ultrathin 2 nm Pd nanowires in order to elucidate the size-dependent trend in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. Subsequently, the desired platinum monolayer overcoating was reliably deposited onto the surface of the Pd nanowires by Cu underpotential deposition (UPD) followed by galvanic displacement of the Cu adatoms. The specific and platinum mass activity of the core-shell catalysts was found to increase from 0.40 mA/cm(2) and 1.01 A/mg to 0.74 mA/cm(2) and 1.74 A/mg as the diameter was decreased from the submicrometer size regime to the ultrathin nanometer range.
Diamond-windowed cell for spectrophotometry of molten fluoride salts (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiamond-windowed cell for spectrophotometry of molten fluoride saltsLouis M. Toth, Jack Phillip. Young, and George Pedro. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 4, 683–685Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60273a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60273a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anomalous electrical resistivity and photovoltaic phenomenon in the fast-mixed conductor lithium silicide<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

The anomalous electrical resistivity and photovoltaic phenomenon in the fast-mixed conductor lithium silicide (${\mathrm{Li}}_{12}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$), which is classified as a diamagnetic semiconductor, are presented for the first time. An abrupt change in the electrical resistivity near 230 K is associated with the ordering of vacancies on the Li sublattice. The conductive behavior of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{12}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{7}$ is characterized as a degenerate semiconductor resulting from the off-stoichiometric composition. A photovoltage on the order of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ V is produced instantly by illumination at 300 K. The phenomenon is described in terms of the Dember effect.
On‐line software version change using state transfer between processes (1993)

Abstract The usual way of installing a new version of a piece of software is to shut down the running program and then install the new version. This necessitates a sometimes unacceptable delay during which service is denied to the users of the software. An on‐line software replacement system replaces parts of the software while it is in execution, thus eliminating the shutdown. In this paper, we describe a system for on‐line software version change for software written in the C language. When the change is initiated by the user, the system instantiates a new process with the new version of the software, transfers state from the old process to the new one at an appropriate time, and transfers the control to the new process. The user sees a minimal delay in this switchover.
WaveLens (2004)

Internet search results are typically displayed as a list conforming to a static style sheet. The difficulty of perusing this list can be exacerbated when screen real estate is limited. When space is limited, either, few results are seen, or result descriptions are abbreviated, making it difficult to know whether to follow a particular web link. In this paper, we describe "WaveLens," a dynamic layout technique for displaying search results, which addresses these issues by combining a fisheye lens with progressive exposure of page content. Results from a usability study showed that participants performed faster and more accurately on a search task with one of two distinct parameter settings of WaveLens as compared to the typical static list. In a post-hoc questionnaire, participants favored that setting over both the static list and another setting which involved animated zoom. We discuss design implications for the retrieval and display of search results.
A Data Processing System for Real-Time Pulse Processing and Timing Enhancement for Nuclear Particle Detection Systems (2013)

This paper presents a digital data processing system that allows real-time processing of neutron and gamma-ray pulses. The captured data are processed in real time on a field programmable gate array device. A number of pulse processing algorithms are implemented on this system including correlation-based triggering and on-the-fly pulse shape discrimination. Moreover, a timing enhancement technique using correlations is presented that allows sub-sample timing accuracy of the time-of-arrival of pulses. Finally, simulation and measurement results are presented and discussed in detail to show the system's potential.