gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution MS, MS/MS, and UV Database of Fungal Secondary Metabolites as a Dereplication Protocol for Bioactive Natural Products (2013)

A major problem in the discovery of new biologically active compounds from natural products is the reisolation of known compounds. Such reisolations waste time and resources, distracting chemists from more promising leads. To address this problem, dereplication strategies are needed that enable crude extracts to be screened for the presence of known compounds before isolation efforts are initiated. In a project to identify anticancer drug leads from filamentous fungi, a significant dereplication challenge arises, as the taxonomy of the source materials is rarely known, and, thus, the literature cannot be probed to identify likely known compounds. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-PDA-HRMS-MS/MS) method was developed for dereplication of fungal secondary metabolites in crude culture extracts. A database was constructed by recording HRMS and MS/MS spectra of fungal metabolites, utilizing both positive- and negative-ionization modes. Additional details, such as UV-absorption maxima and retention times, were also recorded. Small-scale cultures that showed cytotoxic activities were dereplicated before engaging in the scale-up or purification processes. Using these methods, approximately 50% of the cytotoxic extracts could be eliminated from further study after the confident identification of known compounds. The specific attributes of this dereplication methodology include a focus on bioactive secondary metabolites from fungi, the use of a 10 min chromatographic method, and the inclusion of both HRMS and MS/MS data.
Competing Discourses About Education and Accountability for ELLs/Bilingual Learners: Dual Language Educators as Agents for Change (2011)

This paper situates the contemporary debate about education and accountability for English language learners/bilingual learners within a sociocultural context and suggests ways that dual language educators and researchers can help move this debate forward. I begin with a brief review of competing discourses about bilingualism and education for diverse learners on the national level in the United States. The paper then provides an insider’s perspective on dual language education in three different contexts (Washington, D.C.; Schaumburg, Ill.; Philadelphia, Pa.) at different times (before and after NCLB was passed) to illustrate how these dual language educators hold themselves accountable for student achievement, program effectiveness, and professional learning on the local level. The paper highlights the potential of dual language educators as powerful agents for change.
Exploring the world of agent-based simulations: simple models, complex analyses: exploring the world of agent-based simulations: simple models, complex analyses (2002)

Agent-based simulations are models where multiple entities sense and stochastically respond to conditions in their local environments, mimicking complex large-scale system behavior. We provide an overview of some important issues in the modeling and analysis of agent-based systems. Examples are drawn from a range of fields: biological modeling, sociological modeling, and industrial applications, though we focus on recent results for a variety of military applications. Based on our experiences with various agent-based models, we describe issues that simulation analysts should be aware of when embarking on agent-based model development. We also describe a number of tools (both graphical and analytical) that we have found particularly useful for analyzing these types of simulation models. We conclude with a discussion of areas in need of further investigation.
The Influence of the British Upper Class on the Development of the Value Claim for Sport in the Public Education System of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1875 (1973)

"The Influence of the British Upper Class on the Development of the Value Claim for Sport in the Public Education System of Upper Canada from 1830 to 1875" published on May 1973 by Human Kinetics, Inc..
Distributed versioning model for MOF (2004)

This paper describes a distributed versioning model, DVM, suitable for the OMG Meta Object Facilities (MOF). We show that the commonly used versioning model, such as CVS, is not sufficient for MOF (and nor is the one proposed in the response [17] to OMG RFP for MOF 2.0 versioning) and propose a solution based on location identifications and sequence numbers together with the rules for creating successor and branch versions. Based on a proof-of-the-concept implementation of DVM and its application to repositories in our SOFA component model, we convey to the reader our positive experience with DVM.
A new Miocene species of Pelusios and the evolution of that genus (1954)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
1997 West Michigan Economic Forecast (1996)

Broad indicators show that the regional economy is expected to grow at a modest rate for 2003 The Confidence Index depicts a marginal increase of 4% and is projected at 71% for 2003 Employment prospects will improve in 2003 with a projected growth of 1% Sales growth is expected to grow at a tepid 1.8% for 2003 57% of the respondents expect a robust growth of 4% after December 2003
Quantitative analysis of the factors that affect the determination of colocalization coefficients in dual-color confocal images (2005)

Colocalization analysis is a subject of great interest that allows us to determine those locations at which two or more types of molecules or structures are found simultaneously. In confocal dual-color images, in order to consider a given position as colocalized, the following two conditions must be satisfied: 1) the colors emitted by the molecules labeled with different fluorophores must occupy the same pixel in the image and 2) the intensities of each component of the image must be within a certain range. Since it is not straightforward to assess these two conditions without ambiguity, this can lead to either considering false colocalizations as positive, or, conversely, leaving out positive locations. In fact, at present, there is not a general procedure to determine the area of colocalization that contains those pixels that can be considered as really colocalized (i.e., the pixels for which the above conditions are fulfilled). As a result, it is the user who must decide on the appropriate selection which introduces personal bias. These issues and the guides for a computational procedure independent of the user that allows us to quantify the degree of colocalization in a dual-color system are discussed.
LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF METASTATIC MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA WITH THE SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE OCTREOTIDE (1990)

Three patients with symptomatic metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), one with sporadic form and two with MEN IIa, were treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995, Sandoz) for 3 to 17 months. Octreotide was administered subcutaneously in a starting dose of 0.6 to 1.0 mg/day by automatic pump (Travax ASH6, Travenol). Symptoms of diarrhoea, weight loss and malaise improved in all patients. Maximal percentage decrease in mean serum calcitonin was 47, 52 and 81% of the basal values, and was observed 1-3 months from the beginning of treatment. Likewise, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels initially dropped to 45, 60 and 63% of the levels before therapy. A continuing effect was seen in the two patients with MEN IIa after 15 and 17 months of treatment. However, after the initial decrease, calcitonin (CT) levels went up again to 67 and 68% of the basal values and the dose of octreotide had to be increased to 1.5 mg and 2.0 mg/day. CEA also returned to 84 and 105% of the pretreatment titres. Response to 1.5 mg/day octreotide was lost in the patient with the sporadic form of disease after 3 months. Side-effects were minimal. Effects on tumour size could not be evaluated. These suggest that octreotide might be a valuable adjuvant in the long-term management of metastatic MTC. Tachyphylaxis may occur.
Vaginal Health in Menopausal Women (2019)

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of genitourinary health in peri- and postmenopause, particularly of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), which is part of genitourinary syndrome (GSM). This condition has a high prevalence among post-menopausal women and negatively affects a woman's quality of life. Epidemiology, signs, symptoms, diagnostic criteria of VVA and target treatments for restoring vaginal health are discussed in light of the most recent literature. Issues related to this condition in menopausal women are under-diagnosed, lack objective diagnostic criteria, and consequently under-treated. Over the years, many treatments have been developed but their long-term effectiveness and safety have yet to be clearly defined. Patients are often dissatisfied and stop treatment, suggesting the need for a more personalized and tailored approach to achieve better compliance and thereby effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most recent literature on VVA in order to help the gynecologist in the management of this condition.
Automatic, run-time and dynamic adaptation of distributed applications executing in virtual environments (2006)

In the last decade we have seen tremendous increases in computer and network speeds and performance, resulting in the emergence of wide-area distributed computing. However, its potential has not been realized, primarily due to lack of security and isolation, provisioning issues and challenges involved in developing distributed applications.
We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a virtual distributed execution environment consisting of operating system level virtual machines connected by virtual networks. Such environments make possible low-level, application-, developer-, and user-independent adaptation mechanisms such as virtual machine migration, overlay topology configuration and routing, network and CPU reservations. This dissertation argues that automatic, run-time and dynamic adaptation in these environments is the key to addressing issues in traditional distributed computing. In particular, it presents the answer to the question, is there a single adaptation scheme that exploits these mechanisms and is effective for a range of distributed applications.
I formalized the adaptation problem and characterized its complexity and hardness of approximation. We found the problem to be NP-hard and hard to approximate. In response to these results, I designed and implemented fifteen variations of greedy adaptation schemes that heuristically attempt to optimize objective functions. I designed these adaptation schemes using insights gained while studying three classes of distributed applications and evaluated them in the context of a different set of seven application classes. I found that a single adaptation scheme that does a variation of load balancing to determine migration of virtual machines and attempts to optimize a function that is a combination of latency and bandwidth for pairs of communicating virtual machines to be effective for 70% of application classes studied. I present two taxonomies for distributed applications based on their resource demands and their suitability to automatic adaptation driven by my suggested adaptation scheme.
This work fills an important gap in distributed systems research by providing an automatic, run-time and dynamic adaptation scheme that leverages the powerful paradigm of virtualization and is effective for a range of unmodified distributed applications running on unmodified operating systems without requiring any developer interaction.
Holographic Optical Elements and Application (2017)

Holographic optical element has a high diffraction efficiency and a narrow-band frequency characteristic, and it has a characteristic that is able to implement several features in a single flat device. It is widely applied in various fields. In this chapter, the principle and characteristics of the holographic optical elements are described in detail, and few typical holographic optical element-based applications, such as head-mounted display, lens array, and solar concentrator, are introduced. Finally, the futuristic research concepts for holographic optical element-based applications and contents are discussed.
Mapping of Monoclonal Antibody- and Receptor-Binding Domains on Human Granulocyte—Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhGM-CSF) Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor (1996)

An automated surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor system has been used for mapping antibody and receptor-binding regions on the recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) molecule. A rabbit antimouse IgG1-Fc antibody (RAM.Fc) was coupled to an extended carboxymethylated-hydrogel matrix attached to a gold surface in order to capture an anti-rhGM-CSF monoclonal antibody (MAb) injected over the sensing layer. rhGM-CSF was subsequently injected and allowed to bind to this antibody. Multisite binding assays were then performed, by flowing sequentially other antibodies and peptides over the surface, and the capacity of the latter to interact with the entrapped rhGM-CSF in a multimolecular complex was monitored in real time with SPR. Eleven MAb (all IgG1K), were analyzed: respectively, four antipeptide MAb raised against three distinct epitopes of the cytokine (two clones against residues 14-24, that includes part of the first alpha-helix toward the N-terminal region; one clone against peptide 30-41, an intrahelical loop; and one clone against residues 79-91, including part of the third alpha-helix) and seven antiprotein MAbs raised against the entire rhGM-CSF, whose target native epitopes are still undetermined. In addition, the binding capacity to rhGM-CSF of a synthetic peptide, corresponding to residues 238-254 of the extracellular human GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain, endowed with rhGM-CSF binding activity, was tested. The results from experiments performed with the biosensor were compared with those obtained by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the same reagents. The features of the biosensor technology (fully automated, measure in real time, sharpened yes/no response, less background disturbances, no need for washing step or labeling of the reagent) offered several advantages in these studies of MAb immunoreactivity and epitope mapping, giving a much better resolution and enabling more distinct epitopes to be identified over ELISA.
REGULATION OF OXIDATIVE ATP SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE (1999)

825 In skeletal muscle, O2, ADP, and Pi play significant roles in regulating respiration. Some researchers favor a rate-limiting step in O2 delivery, while others point to the low Km values of cytochrome oxidase to support an O2 independent model. ADP and Pi would then be the key regulators. Although studies have measured the steady state changes, the dynamic response of O2 and ADP to muscle exercise and post-exercise recovery is still uncertain. Such measurements would help discriminate between the two competing models. We have followed the dynamics of cellular O2 and ADP change in exercising gastrocnemius muscle and have utilized the 1H NMR signal of the proximal histidyl NH of deoxymyoglobin to mark the intracellular pO2 and the 31P signals to determine the ADP concentration. Healthy untrained, young male volunteers performed plantar flexion exercise at 0.75, 0.92, and 1.17 Hz with the load held constant. 1H spectra and 31P were collected every 20 seconds during exercise and recovery. During the resting period, no deoxy Mb signal was observed. As exercise commenced, Mb began to desaturate and the PCr level declined. At 1.17 Hz voluntary exercise, the MbO2 saturation decayed exponentially with a time constant of 30s. However the PCr decay constant was almost 4 times longer. During the post-exercise recovery, the PCr signal recovery rate also lagged significantly. The data suggest that aerobic ATP production does not depend solely on the O2 availability.
Gene expression profiling of acute cellular rejection in rat liver transplantation using DNA microarrays (2009)

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is still a major problem in organ transplantation, and its genetic and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used DNA microarrays to investigate the gene expression profiles in ACR. We hypothesized that changes of gene expression in grafts could also be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes. We first compared the gene expression profiles in liver isografts (Lewis to Lewis) and allografts (Dark Agouti to Lewis) harvested from rats at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that gene expression started to change on day 3, and 89 differentially expressed genes were extracted from allografts in comparison with isografts at day 3. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with graft-infiltrating leukocytes. We then confirmed the similarity of gene expression changes in peripheral leukocytes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the gene expression changes in other inflammatory and liver dysfunction models. Two interferon-gamma inducible genes, interferon regulatory factor 1 and guanylate nucleotide binding protein 2, were overexpressed in both the peripheral leukocytes and liver graft during ACR. Although further studies are necessary, these 2 genes in peripheral leukocytes could be potentially useful markers for rejection or immunosuppression.
Virtualization (2010)

Managing virtualization at a large scale is fraught with hidden challenges.
Abnormalities of cellular immunity and natural killer cells in Gaucher's disease. (1987)

Gaucher's disease (GD) which is a congenital defect characterized by the accumulation of glucocerebroside in cells of the reticulo endothelial system, is associated with malignancies of the lymphoid system such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphatic leukemia, as well as acute leukemia of childhood. We report the immunological profile of the T-cell system in GD patients and in GD carriers. We found a variable response to lectins stimulation (PHA, Con A, PWM in various concentrations) which supports the hypothesis that a persistent antigenic stimulation in GD affects all components of the immune system of those patients. A highly significant decrease in the number of NK cells was also found, which might be a predisposing factor to the increase in malignant B and other lymphoid cell proliferations described in patients with GD.
Lethal paralysis of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> by <i>Pseudomonas</i> <i>aeruginosa</i> (1999)

Identification of host factors that interact with pathogens is crucial to an understanding of infectious disease, but direct screening for host mutations to aid in this task is not feasible in mammals. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a genetically tractable alternative for investigating the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A P. aeruginosa toxin, produced at high cell density under control of the quorum-sensing regulators LasR and RhlR, rapidly and lethally paralyzes C. elegans. Loss-of-function mutations in C. elegans egl-9, a gene required for normal egg laying, confer strong resistance to the paralysis. Thus, activation of EGL-9 or of a pathway that includes it may lead to the paralysis. The molecular identity of egl-9 was determined by transformation rescue and DNA sequencing. A mammalian homologue of EGL-9 is expressed in tissues in which exposure to P. aeruginosa could have clinical effects.
Upper layer enhancements for fast call setup in cdma2000 revision D (2005)

Fast call setup (FCS) technology, a recent enhancement in revision D of cdma2000/sup /spl reg// in 3rd generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2), is a set of mechanisms for reducing call setup latency. FCS technology comprises MS tracking mechanisms, channel assignment procedures, paging mechanisms, and traffic channel initialization procedures. The combination of these techniques contributes to the improvement of the overall call setup delay. This article discusses the functional aspects of these enhancements, and their quantitative and qualitative performance.
Community health assessment. The first step in community health planning. (1993)

Hospitals face a paradigm shift: from planning service delivery to population-based community health planning. Comprehensive community health planning is a two-step process: assessment and action, in that order. Assessment identifies community problems and resources; action follows planning, which determines which of those problems should be addressed with which resources. This paper provides an overview of the community assessment process. The first challenge in launching a community health initiative is to identify and recruit partners drawn from the ranks of prominent community organizations, such as school boards, public health agencies, and elected officials. The best enlistment strategies are those that empower persons outside the hospital to take visible control. Defining the community is the first step in analyzing the community. It is important that everyone involved in the assessment process agree on the definition, which should take in those characteristics that make the community unique, including its social systems, environmental factors, and demographics. The next step in the process is developing a community health profile, a set of key community indicators or measures that will help you set priorities, document successes and failures, and monitor trends. There are a number of models available to consult in developing indicators, whether traditional, medically oriented determinants of health or broader parameters, such as housing and public safety. Criteria for selecting indicators include validity, stability and reliability, and responsiveness. Most indicators will be developed using secondary, or already existing, sources of data, such as census data, Medicare and Medicaid files, police records, and hospital admission and exit records. Conducting the community assessment involves putting together a list of problems to be solved and a list of available resources, both of which can be compiled using the same four-step process of gathering and analyzing data: obtaining community input, identifying problems already being addressed, consulting with professional experts, and analyzing existing data. Demographics are one way of analyzing data; another is using a "community scoreboard" that groups causal factors into four categories: lifestyle, environment, human biology, and health services. Once the community assessment is complete, planning and implementation of programs can begin. At the same time, it is essential to mobilize the community to support your initiative. Again, you must look beyond the hospital walls to build a constituency for change, to community leaders in education, employment, transportation and recreation, housing, and the physical environment, as well as health education and preventive services.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)