gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defragmenting the cloud using demand-based resource allocation (2013)

Current public cloud offerings sell capacity in the form of pre-defined virtual machine (VM) configurations to their tenants. Typically this means that tenants must purchase individual VM configurations based on the peak demands of the applications, or be restricted to only scale-out applications that can share a pool of VMs. This diminishes the value proposition of moving to a public cloud as compared to server consolidation in a private virtualized datacenter, where one gets the benefits of statistical multiplexing between VMs belonging to the same or different applications. Ideally one would like to enable a cloud tenant to buy capacity in bulk and benefit from statistical multiplexing among its workloads. This requires the purchased capacity to be dynamically and transparently allocated among the tenant's VMs that may be running on different servers, even across datacenters. In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms called BPX and DBS that are able to provide the cloud customer with the abstraction of buying bulk capacity. These algorithms dynamically allocate the bulk capacity purchased by a customer between its VMs based on their individual demands and user-set importance. Our algorithms are highly scalable and are designed to work in a large-scale distributed environment. We implemented a prototype of BPX as part of VMware's management software and showed that BPX is able to closely mimic the behavior of a centralized allocator in a distributed manner.
Summarizing email threads (2004)

Summarizing threads of email is different from summarizing other types of written communication as it has an inherent dialog structure. We present initial research which shows that sentence extraction techniques can work for email threads as well, but profit from email-specific features. In addition, the presentation of the summary should take into account the dialogic structure of email communication.
Plyometrics: Explosive Power Training (1985)

This book offers descriptions and illustrations of plyometric exercises for nearly every sport and every part of the body.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Blocks Spinal Sensitization Induced by Formalin Injection into the Rat Paw (1993)

This study evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in spinal cord nociceptive transmission during peripheral inflammation evoked by formalin injection into the rat paw, using N omega-nitro-L-arginine (N-Arg), an NO synthase inhibitor. Male rats were prepared with intrathecal (IT) catheters. To quantify the formalin response, the instances of "flinching behavior" were counted at 5-min intervals for 60 min. IT N-Arg depressed the flinching behavior in a dose-dependent manner when N-Arg was administered 10 min before the formalin injection. This N-Arg effect was reversed with L-arginine but not D-arginine. We conclude that NO plays an important role in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord during the formalin test.
Dynamic Drawing of Clustered Graphs (2004)

This paper presents an algorithm for drawing a sequence of graphs that contain an inherent grouping of their vertex set into clusters. It differs from previous work on dynamic graph drawing in the emphasis that is put on maintaining the clustered structure of the graph during incremental layout. The algorithm works online and allows arbitrary modifications to the graph. It is generic and can be implemented using a wide range of static force-directed graph layout tools. The paper introduces several metrics for measuring layout quality of dynamic clustered graphs. The performance of our algorithm is analyzed using these metrics. The algorithm has been successfully applied to visualizing mobile object software
Experimental observations of nonlinearly enhanced 2ωUH electromagnetic radiation excited by steady-state colliding electron beams (1984)

Counterstreaming large-diameter electron beams in a steady-state laboratory experiment are observed to generate transverse radiation at twice the upper-hybrid frequency (2ωUH) with a quadrupole radiation pattern. The electromagnetic wave power density is nonlinearly enhanced over the power density obtained from a single beam–plasma system. Electromagnetic power density scales exponentially with beam energy and increases with ion mass. Weak turbulence theory can predict similar (but weaker) beam energy scaling but not the high power density, or the predominance of the 2ωUH radiation peak over the ωUH peak. Significant noise near the upper-hybrid and ion plasma frequencies is also measured, with normalized electrostatic wave energy density WES/neTe≊10−2.
Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated T cell suppression occurs through secreted galectins (2010)

Human galectins are involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes including cell adhesion, apoptosis, differentiation, immune regulation and tumour evasion. Previously, we identified galectin-3 as the first human lectin involved in the modulation of the immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we report on the expression profiles and potential activities of other galectins expressed in these cells. The data show that MSCs constitutively express galectins-1, -3 and -8 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast to galectin-8, galectins-1 and -3 are secreted and found on the cell surface. MSC-mediated T cell suppression was inhibited by galectin-1-specific siRNAs but not by galectin-8-specific siRNAs. The double knockdown of galectins-1 and -3 almost abolished the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs. The use of a competitive inhibitor for galectin binding, ß lactose, restored alloresponsiveness, implying an extracellular mechanism of action of galectins. Collectively, the data highlight the involvement of secreted galectins-1 and -3 in MSC-mediated T cell suppression. The immunosuppression by MSC-secreted galectins should facilitate the use of recombinant galectin-1 and/or -3 as a novel therapy to alleviate inflammatory reactions such as those seen in graft versus host disease (GvHD) and autoimmune disorders.
Remote Manipulation of Droplets on a Flexible Magnetically Responsive Film (2015)

The manipulation of droplets is used in a wide range of applications, from lab-on-a-chip devices to bioinspired functional surfaces. Although a variety of droplet manipulation techniques have been proposed, active, fast and reversible manipulation of pure discrete droplets remains elusive due to the technical limitations of previous techniques. Here, we describe a novel technique that enables active, fast, precise and reversible control over the position and motion of a pure discrete droplet with only a permanent magnet by utilizing a magnetically responsive flexible film possessing actuating hierarchical pillars on the surface. This magnetically responsive surface shows reliable actuating capabilities with immediate field responses and maximum tilting angles of ~90°. Furthermore, the magnetic responsive film exhibits superhydrophobicity regardless of tilting angles of the actuating pillars. Using this magnetically responsive film, we demonstrate active and reversible manipulation of droplets with a remote magnetic force.
Monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein is essential for the development of long-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells (2006)

Monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (MOZ), a transcriptional coactivator and member of the MYST family of histone acetyltransferases, is the target of recurrent translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. Since genes associated with translocations in leukemia are typically important regulators of blood formation, we investigated if Moz has a role in normal hematopoiesis. We generated mice carrying a mutation in the Moz gene. Homozygous Moz mutant mice died at birth. Moz mutant fetal liver hematopoietic cells were incapable of contributing to the hematopoietic system of recipients after transplantation. We observed profound defects in the stem cell compartment of Moz-deficient mice. Progenitors of all lineages were reduced in number. However, blood cell lineage commitment was unaffected. Together, these results show that Moz is essential for a fundamental property of hematopoietic stem cells, the ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system of a recipient after transplantation and that Moz is specifically required in the stem cell compartment.
Derivation of keratinocytes from chicken embryonic stem cells: Establishment and characterization of differentiated proliferative cell populations (2015)

A common challenge in avian cell biology is the generation of differentiated cell-lines, especially in the keratinocyte lineage. Only a few avian cell-lines are available and very few of them show an interesting differentiation profile. During the last decade, mammalian embryonic stem cell-lines were shown to differentiate into almost all lineages, including keratinocytes. Although chicken embryonic stem cells had been obtained in the 1990s, few differentiation studies toward the ectodermal lineage were reported. Consequently, we explored the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells toward the keratinocyte lineage by using a combination of stromal induction, ascorbic acid, BMP4 and chicken serum. During the induction period, we observed a downregulation of pluripotency markers and an upregulation of epidermal markers. Three homogenous cell populations were derived, which were morphologically similar to chicken primary keratinocytes, displaying intracellular lipid droplets in almost every pavimentous cell. These cells could be serially passaged without alteration of their morphology and showed gene and protein expression profiles of epidermal markers similar to chicken primary keratinocytes. These cells represent an alternative to the isolation of chicken primary keratinocytes, being less cumbersome to handle and reducing the number of experimental animals used for the preparation of primary cells.
Cystic Fibrosis in Adolescents and Adults (1992)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the commonest, fatal, autosomal recessive disorder and is associated with lung sepsis, pancreatic failure and elevated sweat electrolytes. The CF gene on chromosome 7 encodes a protein identified as CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which regulates chloride ion transport in epithelial cell membranes. Almost 100 mutations have been identified in this gene which cause defective chloride-channel control. Recently, this abnormality has been reversed in affected CF cells in vitro by retrovirus-mediated transfer of a normal gene. Fifty years ago, most cases died in childhood, but now up to 80% reach adulthood. Chronic lung sepsis is the principal cause of death, and intensive antibiotic therapy with chest physiotherapy is used to control this. Advanced lung disease can be successfully treated by heart-lung transplantation. Nebulised recombinant DNase and antineutrophil elastase agents such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and secretory leucoprotease inhibitor are potentially promising new therapies. Pancreatic insufficiency is managed by high-calorie diets and enteric coated enzyme supplements. Other prominent gastrointestinal complications include meconium ileus equivalent, biliary cirrhosis and cholelithiasis. Specially dedicated CF centres have led to improved survival rates and allow experienced staff to treat the many complications of CF while promoting research in this multisystem disorder.
The Great Dane: Georg Brandes in America (2010)

Although his name is not familiar to most 21st-century Americans, the Danish literary critic Georg Brandes (1842-1927) was the most internationally-renowned Danish intellectual of the early 19th century. Aspiring writers from half a dozen countries deluged him with manuscripts to review, while German, English, and American tourists in Copenhagen believed, as Brandes remarked in a letter to Asta Nielsen in October 1920, that “I belong to the sights of Copenhagen as much as the Round Tower.”
Detection of extremely small particles in the nanometer and ionic size range (1988)

A high-sensitivity aerosol detector using pre-onset positive corona pulses has been constructed. It is expected to be used for the detection of very fine particles in a size range down to the nanometer and ionic. Preliminary tests of the detector to find the correlation between the pulses and the particles (or ions) have revealed that three different kinds of pulses exist. Large pulses, which have the highest peak value of the three, appear only in the moist air; they do not respond to ions or particles. Small pulses, with a much smaller height, are observed in both dry air and moist air. No definite relation is observed between their number and the number of particles coming into the detector. Micropulses with the smallest height have been found to appear in response to negative ions or negatively charged particles. Using an ion filter which separates ions according to their electrical mobilities, the lowest mobility of the negative ions in the the sample air has been measured to be 0.6-0.8 cm/sup 2//Vs from the micropulses. The lower limit of the mobility of the particles detectable with the present detector is 2*10/sup -3/-4*10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2//V s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2012)

Esophageal cancer ranks sixth in cancer death. To explore its genetic origins, we conducted exomic sequencing on 11 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and 12 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) from the United States. Interestingly, inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 were identified in 21% of ESCCs but not in EACs. There was a substantial disparity in the spectrum of mutations, with more indels in ESCCs, A:T>C:G transversions in EACs, and C:G>G:C transversions in ESCCs (P < 0.0001). Notably, NOTCH1 mutations were more frequent in North American ESCCs (11 of 53 cases) than in ESCCs from China (1 of 48 cases). A parallel analysis found that most mutations in EACs were already present in matched Barrett esophagus. These discoveries highlight key genetic differences between EACs and ESCCs and between American and Chinese ESCCs, and suggest that NOTCH1 is a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus. Finally, we provide a genetic basis for the evolution of EACs from Barrett esophagus.
High thermal conductivity ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films (2014)

Recently, high thermally conductive polymers have emerged as low cost and energy efficient alternatives to traditional use of metals in heat transfer applications. Here, we present development of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) thin films with high thermal conductivity. The fabrication platform is based on a sol-gel process followed by mechanical drawing. After gel formation and partial drying, UHMWPE films are mechanically stretched at elevated temperatures, resulting in macroscopic plastic deformation as well as additional polymer chain alignment and crystallization. Both the extrusion and stretching procedures have been automated, and custom software incorporates parameter “recipes” to allow selection of a range of desired process variables. Structural characterization (XRD, DSC, and SEM) of these films suggests highly aligned polymer chains and crystallinity greater than 99%. The Angstrom method is utilized to measure in-plane thermal conductivity of these films along the drawing direction.
Effects of Interleukin-4 Deprivation and Treatment on Resistance to<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (2000)

Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain)-infected interleukin-4(-/-) (IL-4(-/-)) mice of strains 129/J, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 showed no significant difference in parasitemia levels or end point mortality rates compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Higher production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by parasite antigen (Ag)-stimulated splenocytes was observed only for C57BL/6 IL-4(-/-) mice. Treatment of 129/J WT mice with recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4), rIL-10, anti-IL-4, and/or anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) did not modify parasitism. However, WT mice treated with rIL-4 and rIL-10 had markedly increased parasitism and suppressed IFN-gamma synthesis by spleen cells stimulated with parasite Ag, concanavalin A, or anti-CD3. Addition of anti-IL-4 MAbs to splenocyte cultures from infected WT 129/J, BALB/c, or C57BL/6 mice failed to modify IFN-gamma synthesis levels; in contrast, IL-10 neutralization increased IFN-gamma production and addition of rIL-4 and/or rIL-10 diminished IFN-gamma synthesis. We conclude that endogenous IL-4 is not a major determinant of susceptibility to Y strain T. cruzi infection but that IL-4 can, in association with IL-10, modulate IFN-gamma production and resistance.
Polylactones. 1. Copolymerizations of glycolide and iε-caprolactone (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolylactones. 1. Copolymerizations of glycolide and iε-caprolactoneHans R. Kricheldorf, Thomas Mang, and J. Michael JonteCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 10, 2173–2181Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00140a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00140a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views951Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wet Air Oxidation of Desizing Wastewater from the Textile Industry (2000)

Wet air oxidation (WAO) was applied to treat the desizing wastewater from natural and manmade fiber processing in a 2-L autoclave reactor. The range of operating temperatures examined was between 150 and 290 °C. The partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa at a reference temperature of 25 °C. Variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon were monitored during each experiment and used to evaluate the performance of the reaction process. Experimental results showed that WAO is an efficient method for the treatment of desizing wastewater. A higher COD removal was achieved under gentler reaction conditions with the aid of a catalyst. A two-parameter mathematical model involving a fast reaction and a slow reaction was used to describe the WAO reaction kinetics and to calculate the reaction activation energies.
X-ray Structure of Human Class IV ςς Alcohol Dehydrogenase (1997)

The structural determinants of substrate recognition in the human class IV, or sigmasigma, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzyme were examined through x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. The crystal structure of sigmasigma ADH complexed with NAD+ and acetate was solved to 3-A resolution. The human beta1beta1 and sigmasigma ADH isoenzymes share 69% sequence identity and exhibit dramatically different kinetic properties. Differences in the amino acids at positions 57, 116, 141, 309, and 317 create a different topology within the sigmasigma substrate-binding pocket, relative to the beta1beta1 isoenzyme. The nicotinamide ring of the NAD(H) molecule, in the sigmasigma structure, appears to be twisted relative to its position in the beta1beta1 isoenzyme. In conjunction with movements of Thr-48 and Phe-93, this twist widens the substrate pocket in the vicinity of the catalytic zinc and may contribute to this isoenzyme's high Km for small substrates. The presence of Met-57, Met-141, and Phe-309 narrow the middle region of the sigmasigma substrate pocket and may explain the substantially decreased Km values with increased chain length of substrates in sigmasigma ADH. The kinetic properties of a mutant sigmasigma enzyme (sigma309L317A) suggest that widening the middle region of the substrate pocket increases Km by weakening the interactions between the enzyme and smaller substrates while not affecting the binding of longer alcohols, such as hexanol and retinol.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for 4 Adrenal Steroids (2006)

The detection limit and selectivity of this method and its small sample volume requirement allow analysis of endogenous concentrations of adrenal steroids in serum or plasma from children and adults. The method thus has an important potential role in the evaluation of the status of 4 of the enzymes involved in adrenal steroid biosynthesis.
Retrospective analysis of natural products provides insights for future discovery trends (2017)

Understanding of the capacity of the natural world to produce secondary metabolites is important to a broad range of fields, including drug discovery, ecology, biosynthesis, and chemical biology, among others. Both the absolute number and the rate of discovery of natural products have increased significantly in recent years. However, there is a perception and concern that the fundamental novelty of these discoveries is decreasing relative to previously known natural products. This study presents a quantitative examination of the field from the perspective of both number of compounds and compound novelty using a dataset of all published microbial and marine-derived natural products. This analysis aimed to explore a number of key questions, such as how the rate of discovery of new natural products has changed over the past decades, how the average natural product structural novelty has changed as a function of time, whether exploring novel taxonomic space affords an advantage in terms of novel compound discovery, and whether it is possible to estimate how close we are to having described all of the chemical space covered by natural products. Our analyses demonstrate that most natural products being published today bear structural similarity to previously published compounds, and that the range of scaffolds readily accessible from nature is limited. However, the analysis also shows that the field continues to discover appreciable numbers of natural products with no structural precedent. Together, these results suggest that the development of innovative discovery methods will continue to yield compounds with unique structural and biological properties.
Thermal comparison of long-wavelength vertical-cavitysurface-emitting laser diodes (1994)

Heat flow finite element analysis is applied to basic device concepts, including planar structures with InGaAsP/InP or AlAs/GaAs substrate side mirrors (mounted top-up or top-down) and etched-well lasers with Si/SiO2 dielectric mirrors. In several cases, the calculated thermal resistance values are higher than with short-wavelength devices, but wafer-fused structures on GaAs substrate show clear thermal advantages.