gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Type I Interferon Signaling Determines the Relative Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains (2014)

The tremendous success of S. aureus as a human pathogen has been explained primarily by its array of virulence factors that enable the organism to evade host immunity. Perhaps equally important, but less well understood, is the importance of the intensity of the host response in determining the extent of pathology induced by S. aureus infection, particularly in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. We compared the pathogenesis of infection caused by two phylogenetically and epidemiologically distinct strains of S. aureus whose behavior in humans has been well characterized. Induction of the type I IFN cascade by strain 502A, due to a NOD2-IRF5 pathway, was the major factor in causing severe pneumonia and death in a murine model of pneumonia and was associated with autolysis and release of peptidogylcan. In contrast to USA300, 502A was readily eliminated from epithelial surfaces in vitro. Nonetheless, 502A caused significantly increased tissue damage due to the organisms that were able to invade systemically and trigger type I IFN responses, and this was ameliorated in Ifnar⁻/⁻ mice. The success of USA300 to cause invasive infection appears to depend upon its resistance to eradication from epithelial surfaces, but not production of specific toxins. Our studies illustrate the important and highly variable role of type I IFN signaling within a species and suggest that targeted immunomodulation of specific innate immune signaling cascades may be useful to prevent the excessive morbidity associated with S. aureus pneumonia.
Antidepressant effect of transdermal nicotine patches in nonsmoking patients with major depression. (1996)

Nicotine patches produced short-term improvement of depression with minor side effects. Because of nicotine's high risk to health, nicotine patches are not recommended for clinical use in depression. Analogue drugs may be developed in the future that may help improve depression without the risk of other major health problems.
ENHANCED JET IMPINGEMENT HEAT TRANSFER WITH CROSSFLOW AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS (1999)

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the heat transfer and flow characteristics for a finned surface subject to circular impinging jets with independently controlled crossflow. The jet array was configured to impinge on the top of the rectangular fins while the crossflow was directed through the channels formed by the fins. Tests were performed to determine the overall heat transfer under conditions of only jet impingement, only crossflow and combined jet with crossflow, for several fin geometries. Results are presented in terms of necessary pressure to drive the flow as well as in terms of the jet and channel Reynolds numbers. Nusselt number correlations indicated the ability to optimize the jet and crossflow with the fin geometry to obtain specific heat transfer conditions.
Characterization and optimization of a flash X-ray source for dense spray radiography (2008)

Summary form only given. Liquid sprays analysis, as those generated by fuel injection systems, implies diagnosis procedures able to produce information for matter in different phases from liquid to vapor. The high speed sprays produced by the fuel injection systems, need a fast and reliable diagnosis technology. Previous works on N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cryogenic jets in a high pressure chamber had shown that the use of flash X-ray system can provide valuable data over wide range of parameter conditions. The flash X-ray (called DIKEV), is a transportable blumlein table top source build at GREMI laboratory to perform radiography of fuel injection sprays. This device delivers high X-ray doses, a few mGy per pulse at the output window, in pulses of tens of nanoseconds duration and operates from single shot up to 50 Hz repetition rate. DIKEV efficiency optimized for charging voltage ranging from 10 to 25 kV, leads to the production of X-ray photons with energy ranging from 5 to 40 keV. The low part of this photon energy range, where most photon are produced , is matched for the radiography of dense spray of light elements. The X-ray focus size is not controlled by electrostatic grids as in case of conventional X-ray tubes, but is correlated with the pulsed electric field topography in the X-ray diode. A significant reduction of the X-ray focus size was achieved. This have been possible thanks to the high efficiency of the carbon fiber as field emitter cathode; which permitted an important reduction of cathode size (graphite rods of diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to 2 mm and 10 mum carbon fiber) without dose reduction up to 1000 shots. The density calculation from Beer Lambert's law, requires the precise knowledge of X-ray spectrum. For four different metallic anodes, a DIKEV full spectra characterization has been made with a germanium photodetector. The most important K,L characteristics lines below 30 keV for each anode were identified together with Bremsstrahlung spectra. In contrast to Mo case where continuum spectrum is dominant, a very high, characteristic line to Bremsstrahlung ratio was measured for Cu anode. Best anode material can be easily selected to be adapted to given spray characteristics.
Localization and clock synchronization need similar hardware support in wireless LANs (2008)

Secure localization protocols enable a group of cooperating verifier nodes in a wireless LAN to determine the physical location of a stranger (called the prover), using precision timing measurements during a carefully scripted packet exchange. After identifying a number of common features between the localization and precision clock synchronization problems, we describe a small set of additional physical-layer capabilities that - if incorporated into commercial wireless transceiver (PHY) products - could lead to significant performance improvements in both solution domains.
PINK1 and Parkin mitochondrial quality control: a source of regional vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease (2020)

That certain cell types in the central nervous system are more likely to undergo neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease is a widely appreciated but poorly understood phenomenon. Many vulnerable subpopulations, including dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, have a shared phenotype of large, widely distributed axonal networks, dense synaptic connections, and high basal levels of neural activity. These features come at substantial bioenergetic cost, suggesting that these neurons experience a high degree of mitochondrial stress. In such a context, mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control play an especially important role in maintaining neuronal survival. In this review, we focus on understanding the unique challenges faced by the mitochondria in neurons vulnerable to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and summarize evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to disease pathogenesis and to cell death in these subpopulations. We then review mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control mediated by activation of PINK1 and Parkin, two genes that carry mutations associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. We conclude by pinpointing critical gaps in our knowledge of PINK1 and Parkin function, and propose that understanding the connection between the mechanisms of sporadic Parkinson's and defects in mitochondrial quality control will lead us to greater insights into the question of selective vulnerability.
Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate Can Help to Overcome <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Resistance to Clarithromycin In Vivo (2000)

A synergy between RBC and clarithromycin may exist in vivo and, while clarithromycin resistance is increasing, it is an argument for using RBC in triple therapies.
Chaos-based cryptography: a brief overview (2001)

Over the past decade, there has been tremendous interest in studying the behavior of chaotic systems. They are characterized by sensitive dependence on initial conditions, similarity to random behavior, and continuous broad-band power spectrum. Chaos has potential applications in several functional blocks of a digital communication system: compression, encryption and modulation. The possibility for self-synchronization of chaotic oscillations has sparked an avalanche of works on application of chaos in cryptography. In this paper, chaos-based cryptography is discussed from a point of view which the author believes is closer to the spirit of both cryptography and chaos theory than the way the subject has been treated recently by many researchers.
Development of an Automated Eddy Current Structural Health Monitoring Technique with an Extended Sensing Region for Corrosion Detection (2007)

The process of performing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) on a structural system is a well developed and continuously growing field. One very prominent method of performing NDE on a structure is through the use of eddy currents. Eddy current NDE methods are commonly applied to aircraft during maintenance checks in order to identify the formation of cracks, corrosion, or degradation of rivets. Structural health monitoring (SHM) takes NDE a step further and is a process of periodically or continuously monitoring and assessing the performance and safety of a structural system based on data obtained from a sensing system integrated into the structure. Here a method of integrating an eddy current sensing system into the structure such that the structure can be remotely monitored in an automated way is developed. The development of this sensor technology is novel because it can be automated and has a sensing region far larger than the sensor footprint. While earlier studies have integrated eddy current NDE sensors into various structures, all of these studies have developed sensors that can only detect damage directly under the sensor location, which makes SHM of the structure unrealistic. The eddy current senor is demonstrated to identify both corrosion and damage in the form of a small hole well outside the sensors footprint. Furthermore, the statistical variation in the measurements is shown to be very small making the ability to distinguish real damage from false predictions.
Integrated Pop-Click Noise Suppression, EMI Reduction, and Short-Circuit Detection for Class-D Audio Amplifiers (2013)

Circuit techniques that overcome practical noise, reliability, and EMI limitations are reported. An auxiliary loop with ramping circuits suppresses pop-and-click noise to 1 mV for an amplifier with 4 V-achievable output voltage. Switching edge rate control enables the system to meet the EN55022 Class-B standard with a 15 dB margin. An enhanced scheme detects short-circuit conditions without relying on overlimit current events.
<b>Role of CR3 in Induced Myelomonocytic Recruitment:</b> Insights From In Vivo Monoclonal Antibody Studies in the Mouse (1990)

In this minireview, I have therefore concentrated upon insights gained into the role of CR3 in the recruitment of myelomonocytic cells to inflammatory sites in the mouse, one small area of current in vivo experimentation manipulating members of the CD18 family of leukocyte adhesion molecules
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted 2‐Amino‐thiazoles from α‐Thiocyanato‐acetophenones and Dialkylamines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of an isoform-specific gene suppression system: the study of the human Pax-5B transcriptional element (2008)

The transcription factor Pax-5, is vital during B lymphocyte differentiation and is known to contribute to the oncogenesis of certain cancers. The Pax-5 locus generates multiple yet structurally related mRNA transcripts through the specific activation of alternative promoter regions and/or alternative splicing events which poses challenges in the study of specific isoform function. In this study, we investigated the function of a major Pax-5 transcript, Pax-5B using an enhanced version of the Hepatitis Delta Virus ribozyme (HDV Rz) suppression system that is specifically designed to recognize and cleave the human Pax-5B mRNA. The activity of these ribozymes resulted in the specific suppression of the Pax-5B transcripts without altering the transcript levels of other closely related Pax-5 isoforms mRNAs both in vitro and in an intracellular setting. Following stable transfection of the ribozymes into a model B cell line (REH), we showed that Pax-5B suppression led to an increase of CD19 mRNA and cell surface protein expression. In response to this Pax-5B specific deregulation, a marked increase in apoptotic activity compared to control cell lines was observed. These results suggest that Pax-5B has distinct roles in physiological processes in cell fate events during lymphocyte development.
Java for Mobile Devices: A Security Study (2006)

Java 2 Micro-Edition connected limited device configuration (J2ME CLDC) is the platform of choice when it comes to running mobile applications on resource-constrained devices (cell phones, set-top boxes, etc.). The large deployment of this platform makes it a target for security attacks. The intent of this paper is twofold: first, we study the security architecture of J2ME CLDC; and second, we provide a vulnerability analysis of this Java platform. The analyzed components are: virtual machine, CLDC API and MIDP (mobile information device profile) API. The analysis covers the specifications, the reference implementation (RI) as well as several other widely deployed implementations of this platform. The aspects targeted by this security analysis encompass: networking, record management system, virtual machine, multi-threading and digital right management. This work identifies security weaknesses in J2ME CLDC that may represent sources of security exploits. Moreover, the results reported in this paper are valuable for any attempt to test or harden the security of this platform
Long-Term Results of Stenting for Chronic Iliac Artery Occlusion (2002)

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of stent placement for chronic occlusions of the iliac arteries. Methods: Between October 1992 and December 1997, 73 patients (40 men; median age 64 years, range 42–89) with 76 occluded iliac arteries (33 common, 34 external, and 9 both vessels) were treated with percutaneous recanalization and stenting using a variety of self-expanding and balloon-expandable devices. Median occlusion length was 7 cm (range 1–14). Follow-up consisted of clinical assessment, ankle-brachial index measurement, and arteriography or duplex ultrasound when indicated. Results: Anatomical success was achieved in 74 (97%) limbs. Seven (10%) patients experienced major complications: 2 distal embolizations, 2 arterial ruptures, 1 myocardial infarction, 1 groin hematoma requiring surgery, and 1 contrast-induced nephropathy. There was no 30-day mortality. Over a median follow-up of 27 months (range 1–75), there was 1 early occlusion (≤30 days) and 16 late recurrent lesions (11 occlusions and 5 stenoses) at a median 6.2 months (range 1.4–30). The recurrent lesions were treated with endovascular techniques in 8 limbs and surgery in 7 limbs (5 after failed endovascular procedures); 1 patient died before retreatment, and 1 patient refrained from further intervention. Primary and secondary patencies were 79% and 87% at 1 year and 69% and 81% at 3 years, respectively. Conclusions: Stenting of chronic iliac occlusions is a safe and durable alternative to surgical treatment.
Towards a modular software package for embedded optimization (2018)

In this paper we present acados, a new software package for model predictive control. It provides a collection of embedded optimization algorithms written in C, with a strong focus on computational efficiency. Its modular structure makes it useful for rapid prototyping, i.e. designing a control algorithm by putting together different algorithmic components that are readily connected and interchanged. The usefulness of the software is demonstrated with a closed-loop simulation experiment of an inverted pendulum, which shows acados attaining sub-millisecond computation times per iteration. Furthermore, we showcase a new algorithmic idea in the context of embedded nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), namely sequential convex quadratic programming (SCQP), along with an efficient implementation of it.
Discovery and Initial SAR of 2‐Amino‐5‐carboxamidothiazoles as Inhibitors of the Src‐Family Kinase p56<sup>Lck</sup>. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Positive and negative modulation of <i>Bombyx mori</i> adenylate cyclase by 5‐phenyloxazoles: Identification of octopamine and tyramine receptor agonists (2002)

Nineteen 5-phenyloxazoles (5POs) were examined for their ability to modulate adenylate cyclase by measuring cAMP produced in head membrane homogenates of fifth instar larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Among the compounds tested, 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxazole (9) and the 2,6-dichlorophenyl congener showed the highest activation of adenylate cyclase; both compounds produced approximately half the level of cAMP produced by the action of octopamine (OCT). The OCT receptor antagonists chlorpromazine, mianserin, and metoclopramide attenuated 9-stimulated cAMP production. In contrast, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole (8) and the 4-cyanophenyl congener attenuated both OCT-stimulated and basal cAMP production. The tyramine (TYR) receptor antagonist yohimbine inhibited the negative effect of 8. These findings indicate that the 5PO class of compounds includes both positive and negative modulators of adenylate cyclase in the heads of B. mori larvae, and that 9 and 8 are OCT and TYR receptor agonists, respectively. These compounds might prove useful for a pharmacological dissection of biogenic amine receptors.
Convolutional Channel Features (2015)

Deep learning methods are powerful tools but often suffer from expensive computation and limited flexibility. An alternative is to combine light-weight models with deep representations. As successful cases exist in several visual problems, a unified framework is absent. In this paper, we revisit two widely used approaches in computer vision, namely filtered channel features and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and absorb merits from both by proposing an integrated method called Convolutional Channel Features (CCF). CCF transfers low-level features from pre-trained CNN models to feed the boosting forest model. With the combination of CNN features and boosting forest, CCF benefits from the richer capacity in feature representation compared with channel features, as well as lower cost in computation and storage compared with end-to-end CNN methods. We show that CCF serves as a good way of tailoring pre-trained CNN models to diverse tasks without fine-tuning the whole network to each task by achieving state-of-the-art performances in pedestrian detection, face detection, edge detection and object proposal generation.
Process yields for laser repair of aged, stiction-failed, MEMS devices (2001)

Stiction, the adhesion of micromachined components to each other or the substrate, decreases production yields and operational lifetimes for MEMS devices. A recent study demonstrated the feasibility of using a Nd:YAG, 1063 nm laser to repair 2 /spl mu/m thick polycrystalline silicon microcantilevers with lengths up to 1000 /spl mu/m which had adhered to the substrate. This investigation examines the influence of sample age at the time of laser irradiation on the repair of stiction-failed MEMS structures. The operating conditions for the 1064 nm, Nd:YAG laser included a fluence of 70 mJ/cm/sup 2/, a repetition rate of 20 Hz, a pulse duration of 20 ns, and an exposure time of 60 s. For samples irradiated on the same day of release, repair yields were 100% for beams up to 500 /spl mu/m in length. For 1000 /spl mu/m long beams, the 10- and 30-/spl mu/m-wide cantilevers had same-day repair yields of 56% and 71%, respectively. The experimental results show that increasing the amount of time the microstructures are adhered to the substrate before laser irradiation decreases the ability to repair stiction-failed devices with delays of longer than 1 month resulting in a decreased repair yield.
Integrating Structure‐ and Ligand‐Based Virtual Screening: Comparison of Individual, Parallel, and Fused Molecular Docking and Similarity Search Calculations on Multiple Targets (2008)

Similarity searching is often used to preselect compounds for docking, thereby decreasing the size of screening databases. However, integrated structure- and ligand-based screening schemes are rare at present. Docking and similarity search calculations using 2D fingerprints were carried out in a comparative manner on nine target enzymes, for which significant numbers of diverse inhibitors could be obtained. In the absence of knowledge-based docking constraints and target-directed parameter optimisation, fingerprint searching displayed a clear preference over docking calculations. Alternative combinations of docking and similarity search results were investigated and found to further increase compound recall of individual methods in a number of instances. When the results of similarity searching and docking were combined, parallel selection of candidate compounds from individual rankings was generally superior to rank fusion. We suggest that complementary results from docking and similarity searching can be captured by integrated compound selection schemes.
Educational plans after high school : A national survey of high school seniors (1996)

A large national sample of high school seniors responded to questions concerning their educational plans. The results indicate that their educational plans were significantly related to race and religious involvement. African American seniors were more likely than Caucasian seniors to plan on attending a vocational school or a junior college, though attending a 4-year college is still the most popular plan for both races. The racial difference in educational plans was more pronounced for males than for females. Further analyses revealed that intellectual ability, parental education, and self-esteem could serve as major predictors for the educational plans for Caucasian seniors. Yet, the same variables could not predict the educational plans of African American high school seniors. A positive relationship between the likelihood of seeking more education and the seniors' religious involvement was found to be consistent across the levels of other factors