gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple and novel algorithm for time-resolved multiwavelength oximetry (1996)

Using time-resolved spectroscopy, we have developed an experimental approach to obtain the absolute changes in concentration in the scattering medium of living tissues. The time-resolved Beer-Lambert equation can be applied to living tissue due to the fact that the optical attenuation by absorption can be separated from that by scattering, and the intensity of the light along the non-linear scattered optical path is exponentially attenuated by the absorption. Based on the above, the absolute concentration of haemoglobin as well as oxygen saturation in the rat head can be determined in situ under various respiratory conditions where multiwavelength measurements were performed. The optically assessed values agree with those determined directly by the gas analysis of our previous report. The present method is very simple and therefore opens up wide applications for time-resolved spectrophotometry in clinical medicine as a technique for quantitative near-infrared oxygen monitoring.
Improved Protection against Disseminated Tuberculosis by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Secreting Murine GM-CSF Is Associated with Expansion and Activation of APCs (2007)

Modulating the host-immune response by the use of recombinant vaccines is a potential strategy to improve protection against microbial pathogens. In this study, we sought to determine whether secretion of murine GM-CSF by the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine influenced protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG-derived GM-CSF stimulated the in vitro generation of functional APCs from murine bone marrow precursors, as demonstrated by the infection-induced secretion of IL-12 by differentiated APCs, and the ability of these cells to present Ag to mycobacterium-specific T cells. Mice vaccinated with BCG secreting [corrected] murine GM-CSF (BCG:GM-CSF) showed increased numbers of CD11c+MHCII+ and CD11c-CD11b+F480+ cells compared with those vaccinated with control BCG, and this effect was most apparent in the draining lymph nodes at 7 and 14 days postvaccination. Vaccination with BCG:GM-CSF also resulted in enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules on migratory dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes. The increased APC number was associated with an increase in the frequency of anti-mycobacterial IFN-gamma-secreting T cells generated after BCG:GM-CSF vaccination compared with vaccination with control BCG, and this effect was sustained up to 17 wk in the spleens of immunized mice. Vaccination with BCG:GM-CSF resulted in an approximately 10-fold increase in protection against disseminated M. tuberculosis infection compared with control BCG. This study demonstrates the potential of BCG secreting [corrected] immunostimulatory molecules as vaccines to protect against tuberculosis and suggests BCG:GM-CSF merits further appraisal as a candidate to control M. tuberculosis infection in humans.
<i>Due to an error in printing, the following article, originally published in the 4 August 1997 issue, is being republished in its entirety.</i> Demonstration of an imide coupling reaction on a Si(100)-2×1 surface by molecular layer deposition (1997)

In this letter, we report the successful growth of an ultrathin organic film on Si(100)-2×1 by reactive coupling of polyimide precursors. Using the molecular layer deposition technique, 1,4-phenylene diamine and pyromellitic dianhydride were sequentially dosed on clean Si(100)-2×1 under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The interfacial imidization was initiated by thermal curing at 200 °C. High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy was employed to identify surface species. The spectra show clearly, that an oligimide chain has been formed which stands upright on the substrate. The chain bonds to the silicon substrate via a Si–(NH)–C linkage.
[Inhibition of the multiplication of Tacaribe, Pichindé and Junín arenaviruses in the presence of glucosamine or 2-deoxy-D-glucose]. (1983)

The multiplication of arenaviruses Tacaribe, Pichinde and Junin was inhibited by 16 mM of glucosamine and by 10 mM of 2-deoxi-D-glucose.
CHARM: An Efficient Algorithm for Closed Itemset Mining (2002)

The set of frequent closed itemsets uniquely determines the exact frequency of all itemsets, yet it can be orders of magnitude smaller than the set of all frequent itemsets. In this paper we present CHARM, an efficient algorithm for mining all frequent closed itemsets. It enumerates closed sets using a dual itemset-tidset search tree, using an efficient hybrid search that skips many levels. It also uses a technique called diffsets to reduce the memory footprint of intermediate computations. Finally it uses a fast hash-based approach to remove any “non-closed” sets found during computation. An extensive experimental evaluation on a number of real and synthetic databases shows that CHARM significantly outperforms previous methods. It is also linearly scalable in the number of transactions.
Pharmacogenomics in the treatment of mood disorders: Strategies and Opportunities for personalized psychiatry (2017)

Personalized medicine (personalized psychiatry in a specific setting) is a new model towards individualized care, in which knowledge from genomics and other omic pillars (microbiome, epigenomes, proteome, and metabolome) will be combined with clinical data to guide efforts to new drug development and targeted prescription of the existing treatment options. In this review, we summarize pharmacogenomic studies in mood disorders that may lay the foundation towards personalized psychiatry. In addition, we have discussed the possible strategies to integrate data from omic pillars as a future path to personalized psychiatry. So far, the progress of uncovering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underpinning treatment efficacy in mood disorders (e.g., SNPs associated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder) are encouraging, but not adequate. Genetic studies have pointed to a number of SNPs located at candidate genes that possibly influence response to; (a) antidepressants <i>COMT</i>, <i>HTR2A</i>, <i>HTR1A</i>, <i>CNR1</i>, <i>SLC6A4, NPY</i>, <i>MAOA</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>GRIK4</i>, <i>BDNF</i>, <i>GNB3</i>, <i>FKBP5</i>, <i>CYP2D6</i>, <i>CYP2C19</i>, and <i>ABCB1</i> and (b) mood stabilizers (lithium) <i>5</i>-<i>HTT</i>, <i>TPH</i>, <i>DRD1</i>, <i>FYN</i>, <i>INPP1</i>, <i>CREB1</i>, <i>BDNF</i>, <i>GSK3β</i>, <i>ARNTL</i>, <i>TIM</i>, <i>DPB</i>, <i>NR3C1</i>, <i>BCR</i>, <i>XBP1</i>, and <i>CACNG2</i>. We suggest three alternative and complementary strategies to implement knowledge gained from pharmacogenomic studies. The first strategy can be to implement diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic genetic testing based on candidate genes or gene products. The second alternative is an integrative analysis (systems genomics approach) to combine omics data obtained from the different pillars of omics investigation, including genomics, epigenomes, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomes. The main goal of system genomics is an identification and understanding of biological pathways, networks, and modules underlying drug-response. The third strategy aims to the development of multivariable diagnostic or prognostic algorithms (tools) combining individual's genomic information (polygenic score) with other predictors (e.g., omics pillars, neuroimaging, and clinical characteristics) to finally predict therapeutic outcomes. An integration of molecular science with that of traditional clinical practice is the way forward to drug discoveries and novel therapeutic approaches and to characterize psychiatric disorders leading to a better predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in psychiatry. With future advances in the omics technology and methodological developments for data integration, the goal of PPPM in psychiatry is promising.
High Temperature Heat Contents of Magnesium Orthotitanate and Magnesium Dititanate (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Temperature Heat Contents of Magnesium Orthotitanate and Magnesium DititanateR. L. Orr and J. P. CoughlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 12, 3186–3187Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01132a520https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01132a520research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Vax2</i>inactivation in mouse determines alteration of the eye dorsal-ventral axis, misrouting of the optic fibres and eye coloboma (2002)

Vax2 is a homeobox gene whose expression is confined to the ventral region of the prospective neural retina. Overexpression of this gene at early stages of development in Xenopus and in chicken embryos determines a ventralisation of the retina, thus suggesting its role in the molecular pathway that underlies eye development. We describe the generation and characterisation of a mouse with a targeted null mutation of the Vax2 gene. Vax2 homozygous mutant mice display incomplete closure of the optic fissure that leads to eye coloboma. This phenotype is not fully penetrant, suggesting that additional factors contribute to its generation. Vax2 inactivation determines dorsalisation of the expression of mid-late (Ephb2 and Efnb2) but not early (Pax2 and Tbx5) markers of dorsal-ventral polarity in the developing retina. Finally, Vax2 mutant mice exhibit abnormal projections of ventral retinal ganglion cells. In particular, we observed the almost complete absence of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells axons in the optic chiasm and alteration of the retinocollicular projections. All these findings indicate that Vax2 is required for the proper closure of the optic fissure, for the establishment of a physiological asymmetry on the dorsal-ventral axis of the eye and for the formation of appropriate retinocollicular connections.
Characterization of the Brillouin grating spectra in a polarization-maintaining fiber (2010)

Brillouin grating in optical fibers is of considerable interest due to its applications in optical fiber communication and distributed sensing. However, the intrinsic Brillouin grating spectrum is still unknown and several kinds of spectra were reported. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the characteristics of the Brillouin grating spectra in a polarization-maintaining fiber, and the results show that it agrees with the theory of fiber Bragg grating but not determined by the natural Brillouin gain bandwidth as thought previously, and in the case of weak grating, the bandwidth is only length-limited, i.e., inversely proportional to the length of the Brillouin grating. In addition, the apodization of the Brillouin grating induced by the acoustic wave decay, a unique feature that is different from the Bragg grating, is observed for the first time to the best of our knowledge.
Heteroepitaxial growth of chemically derived Ba₂YCu₃O₇âx thin films (1993)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1993.
The Nomenclature of Highly Fluorinated Molecules (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nomenclature of Highly Fluorinated MoleculesJohn A. YoungCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1967, 7, 2, 82–85Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160025a008https://doi.org/10.1021/c160025a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Selective reduction of radiotracer trapping by deuterium substitution: comparison of carbon-11-L-deprenyl and carbon-11-deprenyl-D2 for MAO B mapping. (1995)

This study demonstrates that deuterium substitution causes a significant reduction in the rate of trapping of labeled deprenyl, providing a direct link between radiotracer uptake and MAO B in the human brain and enhancing tracer sensitivity to changes in MAO B concentration.
Sensing the Position and Vibration of Spacecraft Structures (1981)

The authors are involved in the development of a family of laser heterodyne sensors for use in the active control of spacecraft structures. These sensors include a HeNe distance measuring system for structures requiring accuracies to 0.1 mm, and a CO2 distance measuring system which will measure unambiguously down to 0.01 Atm. Vibration sensors based on both HeNe and CO2 lasers are also being developed. These systems will measure fractions of a /im displacement from dc to kHz. This paper discusses the design theory and tradeoffs required for instrument selection.
Minimizing sparse higher order energy functions of discrete variables (2009)

Higher order energy functions have the ability to encode high level structural dependencies between pixels, which have been shown to be extremely powerful for image labeling problems. Their use, however, is severely hampered in practice by the intractable complexity of representing and minimizing such functions. We observed that higher order functions encountered in computer vision are very often “sparse”, i.e. many labelings of a higher order clique are equally unlikely and hence have the same high cost. In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing such sparse higher order energy functions. Our method works by transforming the problem into an equivalent quadratic function minimization problem. The resulting quadratic function can be minimized using popular message passing or graph cut based algorithms for MAP inference. Although this is primarily a theoretical paper, it also shows how higher order functions can be used to obtain impressive results for the binary texture restoration problem.
Monod–Wyman–Changeux allosteric mechanisms of action and the pharmacology of etomidate (2012)

Allosteric co-agonism provides a robust framework for design and interpretation of structure-function experiments aimed at understanding where and how etomidate affects its GABAA receptor target molecules.
Characteristics of spores formed by surface and submerged cultures of Streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301 (1993)

Streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301 produced abundant spores in submerged cultures (submerged spores) as well as on solid media (aerial spores). The content of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus in submerged and aerial spores was similar; however, the contents of metal ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) were very different. Glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine, all known to be cell-wall components, were the major amino acids in both types of spores. However, cysteine was more abundant in submerged spores than in aerial spores. The major fatty acid in aerial spores was n-C18 (61·74%), whereas in submerged spores it was ai-C16 (33·68%). The contents of ai-C14, and ai-C17 in submerged spores were also very much higher than in aerial spores. Unsaturated fatty acids were found in both kinds of spores but not in mycelium; they were particularly abundant in submerged spores. The composition of menaquinones in the two kinds of spores also varied. The resistance of aerial spores to lysozyme digestion, mild acid treatment, heating and desiccation was higher than that of submerged spores, but the submerged spores were more resistant to sonication.
Resolution of regulated secretion into sequential MgATP-dependent and calcium-dependent stages mediated by distinct cytosolic proteins. (1992)

The biochemical events and components responsible for ATP-dependent Ca(2+)-activated secretion remain to be identified. To simplify the molecular dissection of regulated secretion, we have resolved norepinephrine (NE) secretion from semi-intact PC12 cells into two kinetically distinct stages, each of which was studied separately to discern its molecular requirements. The first stage consisted of MgATP-dependent priming of the secretory apparatus in the absence of Ca2+. MgATP-dependent priming was readily reversible and inhibited by a broad range of protein kinase inhibitors. The second stage consisted of Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis which, in contrast to priming, occurred in the absence of MgATP. Both priming and triggering were found to be dependent upon or stimulated by cytosolic proteins. The priming and triggering activities of cytosol were functionally distinct as indicated by differing thermolability. Furthermore, active components in cytosol resolved by gel filtration were found to support either priming or triggering, but not both. For both priming and triggering reactions, several peaks of activity were detected; one of each type of factor was partially purified from rat brain cytosol, and found to be enriched for stage-specific activity. Two partially purified factors exhibiting stage-specific activity, a approximately 20-kD priming factor and approximately 300-kD triggering factor, were able to support regulated secretion as effectively as crude cytosol when used sequentially in the partial reactions. Further characterization of stage-specific cytosolic factors should clarify the nature of MgATP- and Ca(2+)-dependent events in the regulated secretory pathway.
A field emitter array with an amorphous silicon thin-film transistor on glass (1998)

We have designed and fabricated a field emitter array (FEA) with an amorphous silicon thin-film transistor (a-Si TFT) monolithically, as an emission control device, on a glass substrate. The TFT was fabricated on the glass substrate at a low temperature, less than 350 °C. The measured emission characteristics showed that the FEA had saturated emission currents with the aid of the a-Si TFT; thus the a-Si TFT is expected to stabilize the emission current. The emission current of the FEA was controlled in the range of 0–0.12 μA with the TFT-gate voltage from 0 to 15 V.
Image registration of MR and PET based on surface matching and principal axes fitting (2002)

We present a surface based image registration algorithm, which uses a combination of minimization of average point-to-surface distance and iterative principal axes fitting (IPAF). MR and PET brain contours are automatically selected from their intensity histograms, such that the separability of object and background is maximized. Cubic B-spline surface is introduced to represent brain surface with few parameters. Its use allows us to accurately compute the point-to-surface distance and the gradient of the distance with respect to registration parameters. As a result, effective distance minimization could be achieved by using a gradient descent algorithm if it is not trapped at a poor local minimum. To prevent being trapped, IPAF algorithm is developed to provide a good initial solution. In addition, it greatly speeds up the registration procedure. The entire procedure is fully automated and is fast enough for routine clinical use. Its performance has been tested using 3D phantom and patient data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Aligned Open-Loop Multiphase Generator (2019)

An open-loop feedback-less CMOS multiphase generator circuit architecture is presented. The principle generates n 360°/n-spaced outputs from a single-ended input LO or clock at the very same frequency. The phase accuracy of the implemented circuit employing the principle, relies on the matching of delays and weighted linear phase interpolation. The presented circuit is designed in a 28 nm bulk-CMOS technology covering an operating frequency range from 1.5 GHz up to 2.5 GHz. Simulation results of the designed multiphase generator show a worst case phase noise performance of -151 dBc/Hz at 100 MHz offset with a typical power consumption of only 3.5 mW from a 0.95 V supply at 2 GHz, demonstrating the feasibility of the presented circuit architecture.
LOS ANGELES DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1943)

<h3>Syringocystoma. Presented by Dr. Max J. Wolff.</h3> Mrs. V. N., a 30 year old white woman, has noticed gradually increasing numbers of lesions since the age of 14. She now shows numerous reddish yellow, pinhead-sized to match head—sized, roundish, dome-shaped or flat, soft nodules distributed symmetrically in the clavicular, suprasternal and sternal regions, with fewer lesions on the lower part of the chest, front of the neck and lower eyelids. Histologic examination of one of the nodules showed normal epidermis with the basement membrane intact. In the corium were numerous round, oval or irregularly shaped spaces, some containing colloid material, which were lined with two or more layers of epithelium. Epithelial bands extended from some of the cysts. <h3>DISCUSSION</h3> Dr. H. C. Lindsay: I agree with the diagnosis. Dr. Irving Bancroft: What treatment is going to be pursued? Dr. M. J. Wolff: This patient is not particularly interested in treatment.
Theoretical studies of a hydrogen abstraction tool for nanotechnology (1991)

In the design of a nanoscale, site-specific hydrogen abstraction tool, the authors suggest the use of an alkynyl radical tip. Using ab initio quantum-chemistry techniques including electron correlation they model the abstraction of hydrogen from dihydrogen, methane, acetylene, benzene and isobutane by the acetylene radical. By conservative estimates, the abstraction barrier is small (less than 7.7 kcal mol^-1) in all cases except for acetylene and zero in the case of isobutane. Thermal vibrations at room temperature should be sufficient to supply the small activation energy. Several methods of creating the radical in a controlled vacuum setting should be feasible. The authors show how nanofabrication processes can be accurately and inexpensively designed in a computational framework.
Implementation of OSI-IP router for LAN-LAN interconnection (2005)

An implementation of a router with a capability to dynamically upgrade its routing table based on ISO 8473 and ISO 9542 standards is described. It is suited for use in OSI CLNS networks similar to US GOSIP recommendations. It is being proposed to use this router as a parallel stack in an existing TCP/IP router so that both OSI and TCP/IP network services can be supported over a campus wide network.