gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plastidial phosphorylase is required for normal starch synthesis in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2006)

Among the three distinct starch phosphorylase activities detected in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, two distinct plastidial enzymes (PhoA and PhoB) are documented while a single extraplastidial form (PhoC) displays a higher affinity for glycogen as in vascular plants. The two plastidial phosphorylases are shown to function as homodimers containing two 91-kDa (PhoA) subunits and two 110-kDa (PhoB) subunits. Both lack the typical 80-amino-acid insertion found in the higher plant plastidial forms. PhoB is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by ADP-glucose and has a low affinity for malto-oligosaccharides. PhoA is more similar to the higher plant plastidial phosphorylases: it is moderately sensitive to ADP-glucose inhibition and has a high affinity for unbranched malto-oligosaccharides. Molecular analysis establishes that STA4 encodes PhoB. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains carrying mutations at the STA4 locus display a significant decrease in amounts of starch during storage that correlates with the accumulation of abnormally shaped granules containing a modified amylopectin structure and a high amylose content. The wild-type phenotype could be rescued by reintroduction of the cloned wild-type genomic DNA, thereby demonstrating the involvement of phosphorylase in storage starch synthesis.
The Syntenic Relationship of the Zebrafish and Human Genomes (2000)

The zebrafish is an important vertebrate model for the mutational analysis of genes effecting developmental processes. Understanding the relationship between zebrafish genes and mutations with those of humans will require understanding the syntenic correspondence between the zebrafish and human genomes. High throughput gene and EST mapping projects in zebrafish are now facilitating this goal. Map positions for 523 zebrafish genes and ESTs with predicted human orthologs reveal extensive contiguous blocks of synteny between the zebrafish and human genomes. Eighty percent of genes and ESTs analyzed belong to conserved synteny groups (two or more genes linked in both zebrafish and human) and 56% of all genes analyzed fall in 118 homology segments (uninterrupted segments containing two or more contiguous genes or ESTs with conserved map order between the zebrafish and human genomes). This work now provides a syntenic relationship to the human genome for the majority of the zebrafish genome.
Stability of Nonlinear Oscillations of an Elastic Rod (1972)

The stability of plane steady oscillations of a slender elastic rod subjected to lateral harmonic excitation is investigated. For certain values of excitation amplitudes and frequencies the planar response is unstable, and nonplanar motions are parametrically excited. Steady nonplanar motions are characterized by each point on the rod centerline tracing an elliptical path perpendicular to the rod axis. The investigation is restricted to cantilevered rods with nearly equal principal moments of inertia of the cross-section, and excitation is always in the direction of one of the principal axes of inertia. The effects of damping and of slight variations of the natural frequencies associated with motions in the two principal planes are investigated. Supporting experimental evidence is presented. Finally, the principal features of the transversely driven rod response are compared with the response for the same type rod excited axially.
Chemical modification and mutagenesis studies on zinc binding of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (1993)

Thermus thermophilus methionyl-tRNA synthetase consists of two identical subunits with a potential Zn(2+)-binding sequence of Cys-X2-Cys-X13-Cys-X2-His (Nureki, O., Muramatsu, T., Suzuki, K., Kohda, D., Matsuzawa, H., Ohta, T. Miyazawa, T., and Yokoyama, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3268-3277). Upon chemical modification of the 3 Cys residues of T. thermophilus MetRS with sodium p-(hydroxymercuri)phenylsulfonate, one Zn2+ ion was released from one subunit of the molecule, as monitored with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol. Site-directed mutagenesis of Cys and His residues in the Zn(2+)-binding sequence reduced the aminoacylation activity; the kcat value was markedly decreased, and the Km values for L-methionine and tRNAf(Met) were increased. Similarly, Cys modification released two Zn2+ ions from T. thermophilus and Escherichia coli isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases and E. coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase, which have Zn(2+)-binding motifs, and impaired their activities. By contrast, three other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that lack Zn(2+)-binding motif neither released Zn2+ ion nor lost their activities upon Cys modification. These results indicate that the Zn(2+)-binding sequences are important for catalysis and recognition in the aminoacylation reactions of a subgroup of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
Digital Image Processing: Piks Inside (2001)

From the Publisher:
Today, image processing has become a vital, cost-effective technology in a host of applications. This Second Edition covers these new developments in this dynamic field. Five sections explore the characterization of continuous images, image sampling and quantization techniques along with the mathematical representation of discrete images, two-dimensional signal processing techniques, image enhancement and restoration techniques and image analysis.
Multicore Architectures With Dynamically Reconfigurable Array Processors for Wireless Broadband Technologies (2009)

Wireless Internet-access technologies have significant market potential, particularly the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) protocol which can offer data rates of tens of megabits per second. A significant demand for embedded high-performance WiMAX solutions is forcing designers to seek single-chip multicore systems that offer competitive advantages in terms of all performance metrics, such as speed, power, and area. Through the provision of a degree of flexibility similar to that of a DSP and performance and power consumption advantages approaching that of an application-specific integrated circuit, emerging dynamically reconfigurable (DR) processors are proving to be strong candidates for processing cores in future high-performance multicore-processor systems. This paper presents several new single-chip multicore architectures for the WiMAX application based on recently emerging coarse-grained DR processor cores. A simulation platform is proposed in order to explore and implement various multicore solutions combining different memory architectures and task-partitioning schemes. This paper describes the different architectures, the simulation environment, and several task-partitioning methods and demonstrates that up to 7.3 and 12 times speedup can be achieved by employing eight and ten DR processor cores for both the WiMAX transmitter and receiver sections, respectively. A comparison with other WiMAX multicore solutions is given in order to demonstrate that our best solution delivers a high throughput at relatively low area cost.
30 dB sampled gratings in germanosilicate planarwaveguides (1996)

The authors demonstrate sampled gratings in germanosilicate planar waveguides with multiple, equally spaced reflection peaks of high visibility. Sampled gratings with a reflection-peak separation of 2.72 nm (334 GHz) and a reflectivity of 99.9% are UV induced in buried waveguides by using a single amplitude modulated UV-exposure through a phasemask.
Incomplete intestinal absorption of fructose. (1984)

Intestinal D-fructose absorption in 31 children was investigated using measurements of breath hydrogen. Twenty five children had no abdominal symptoms and six had functional bowel disorders. After ingestion of fructose (2 g/kg bodyweight), 22 children (71%) showed a breath hydrogen increase of more than 10 ppm over basal values, indicating incomplete absorption: the increase averaged 53 ppm, range 12 to 250 ppm. Four of these children experienced abdominal symptoms. Three of the six children with bowel disorders showed incomplete absorption. Seven children were tested again with an equal amount of glucose, and in three of them also of galactose, added to the fructose. The mean maximum breath hydrogen increases were 5 and 10 ppm, respectively, compared with 103 ppm after fructose alone. In one boy several tests were performed with various sugars; fructose was the only sugar incompletely absorbed, and the effect of glucose on fructose absorption was shown to be dependent on the amount added. It is concluded that children have a limited absorptive capacity for fructose. We speculate that the enhancing effect of glucose and galactose on fructose absorption may be due to activation of the fructose carrier. Apple juice in particular contains fructose in excess of glucose and could lead to abdominal symptoms in susceptible children.
A Grip Study for Talk and Data Modes in Mobile Phones (2009)

The human hand influences the performance of small terminal antennas, and it is the main cause for absorption and detuning. Despite its importance in mobile-phone design and validation processes, it is still difficult to take it into account because of a lack of knowledge in the area. In this paper, a rigorous investigation methodology is described for the study of mobile-phone grip styles over a sample population of 100 subjects. Two main grip styles are identified in the talk mode, while most of the people use both hands in data mode. The index finger location is confirmed to be in the back region of the handset in most cases. The grip style has direct implications in the definition of a phantom hand. Regarding the talk mode, a procedure to estimate the palm-handset gap is proposed. The inclination of the handset with respect to the side of the user's head depends on the mobile-phone form factor and size. Moreover, we show that for the data mode, a worst-case scenario categorization approach is more suitable due to the time-varying nature of the fingers' position on the handset.
Time-Reversal Analysis for Scatterer Characterization (2004)

A new application of time-reversal processing of wave scattering data permits characterization of scatterers by analyzing the number and nature of the singular functions (or eigenfunctions) associated with individual scatterers when they have multiple contributions from monopole, dipole, and/or quadrupole scattering terms. We discuss acoustic, elastic, and electromagnetic scattering problems for low frequencies. Specific examples for electromagnetic scattering from one of a number of small conducting spheres show that each sphere can have up to six distinct time-reversal eigenfunctions associated with it.
An introduction to assertional reasoning for concurrent systems (1993)

This is a tutorial introduction to assertional reasoning based on temporal logic. The objective is to provide a working familiarity with the technique. We use a simple system model and a simple proof system, and we keep to a minimum the treatment of issues such as soundness, completeness, compositionality, and abstraction. We model a concurrent system by a state transition system and fairness requirements. We reason about such systems using Hoare logic and a subset of linear-time temporal logic, specifically, invariant assertions and leads-to assertions. We apply the method to several examples.
Ultra-wideband on-site coding receiver (OSCR) for digital beamforming applications (2013)

We present a novel low-cost reduced-hardware power efficient digital beamforming architecture suitable for wideband and large arrays. Particular to this realization is the introduction of an on-site code division multiplexing (CDM) technique at the analog front-end to significantly reduce the number of analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Concurrently, the number of parallel input/output (I/O) channels at the digital back-end are substantially reduced as well. This implies a corresponding reduction in the number of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for baseband processing as compared to conventional beamforming techniques. The impact of on-site coding on the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was evaluated and demonstrated that noise due to inter-channel interference (ICI) can be suppressed using brick-wall filters, high resolution ADC and orthogonal codes.
Application of Kohonen's self-organizing network to the diagnosis system for rotating machinery (2002)

In this paper, we focus on the diagnostic algorithm of the diagnosis system for plant maintenance. In the current plant, the reduction of maintenance costs and the avoidance of sudden fault of equipment are required to improve the operation rate of the plant. The fault diagnosis is performed for this requirement, and the collection and analysis of actual fault data are indispensable to diagnose machinery conditions. For some reasons, however, there are many kinds of equipment whose fault data collection are difficult. In this paper, we select the motor in plant as such kind of equipment and propose a new diagnostic algorithm.
Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines Protect Mice from <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infections (2019)

Infections with <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (formerly <i>Clostridium difficile</i>) have increased in incidence, morbidity, and mortality over the past decade. Preventing infections is becoming increasingly important, as frontline antibiotics become less effective and frequently induce recurrence by disrupting intestinal microbiota. The clinically most advanced vaccine approaches prevent symptoms once <i>C. difficile</i> infection is established by inducing immunity to secreted clostridial cytotoxins. However, they do not inhibit bacterial colonization and thereby favor asymptomatic carriage. Synthetic oligosaccharides resembling the <i>C. difficile</i> surface glycans PS-I, PS-II, and PS-III are immunogenic and serve as basis for colonization-preventing vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that glycoconjugate vaccine candidates based on synthetic oligosaccharides protected mice from infections with two different <i>C. difficile</i> strains. Four synthetic antigens, ranging in size from disaccharides to hexasaccharides, were conjugated to CRM<sub>197</sub>, which is a carrier protein used in commercial vaccines. The vaccine candidates induced glycan-specific antibodies in mice and substantially limited <i>C. difficile</i> colonization and colitis after experimental infection. The glycoconjugates ameliorated intestinal pathology more substantially than a toxin-targeting vaccine. Colonization of the gut by <i>C. difficile</i> was selectively inhibited while intestinal microbiota remained preserved. Passive transfer experiments with anti-PS-I serum revealed that protection is mediated by specific antiglycan antibodies; however, cell-mediated immunity likely also contributed to protection <i>in vivo</i>. Thus, glycoconjugate vaccines against <i>C. difficile</i> are a complementary approach to toxin-targeting strategies and are advancing through preclinical work.
On the generation of H{sub 2} from formaldehyde in basic aqueous solutions (1994)

The generation of H{sub 2} from formaldehyde and glyoxalate in aqueous solutions at high concentrations of hydroxide has been studied in the temperature range 21-60{degrees}C. The reaction is first order in formaldehyde and is of higher than first order in hydroxide concentration. Conversion ratio of the aldehyde to H{sub 2} increases on increasing OH{sup {minus}} concentration and on raising the temperature. It decreases on increasing aldehyde concentration due to the competition by the Cannizzaro reaction which is second order on the aldehyde. Effective rate constants and activation energies are provided.
Generation and application of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (2016)

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes and are amenable for genetic analyses. In mammals, haploidy exists only in gametes. An intriguing question is whether haploid cells can be derived from gametes. Recently, by application of haploid cell enrichment using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, stable haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been successfully derived from oocyte-derived parthenogenetic and sperm-derived androgenetic embryos from several species. Whilst both parthenogenetic and androgenetic (AG)-haESCs enable whole-genome genetic screening at the cellular level, such as screening of drug resistance or disease-related genes, AG-haESCs, after intracytoplasmic injection into oocytes, can also be used to produce alive semi-cloned mice. Nevertheless, one major drawback associated with wild-type AG-haESCs is the very low birth rate of healthy semi-cloned mice. Of interest, after inhibiting the expression of two paternally imprinted genes (H19 and Gtl2) in AG-haESCs by removal of their differentially DNA methylated regions, double-knockout AG-haESCs can efficiently and stably support the generation of healthy semi-cloned pups. Importantly, double-knockout AG-haESCs are feasible for multiple genetic manipulations, followed by efficient generation of semi-cloned mice carrying multiple genetic traits; thus they could be used to validate candidate loci that have been identified in genome-wide association studies of multigenic diseases by generation of mouse models carrying multiple alterations. Of note, by combining a CRISPR-Cas9 library and double-knockout AG-haESCs, semi-cloned mice carrying different mutant genes can be efficiently generated in one step, enabling functional mutagenic screening in mice. HaESCs, therefore, provide a powerful tool for genetic analyses in mammals at both the cellular and organismal levels.
Cyclic End Groups in Polyamide Resins<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic End Groups in Polyamide Resins1Dwight E. Peerman, Wesley Tolberg, and Harold WittcoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 23, 6085–6086Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01652a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01652a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical markers in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the need for early assessment (1995)

Journal Article Biochemical markers in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the need for early assessment Get access L K Newby, L K Newby Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W B Gibler, W B Gibler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E M Ohman, E M Ohman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R H Christenson R H Christenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 1263–1265, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1263 Published: 01 September 1995
Precision fabrication of D-shaped single-mode optical fibers by in situ monitoring (1994)

A technique has been developed to locally remove, over a distance of several millimeters of fiber length, the cladding layer of single-mode (at the 1300 nm wavelength) optical fibers with 1 /spl mu/m depth precision by use of mechanical lapping and in situ optical transmission monitoring. A cylinder lap dressed with diamond is used to perform high-pressure mechanical lapping. The in situ monitoring technique is based on the specific different attenuations exhibited by higher order propagating modes (for 633 nm light) as the cylinder penetrates into the fiber. Advantages include relatively rapid overall processing, high lapping rate, good optical surface quality, and 1 /spl mu/m precision. Experimental results are presented and analyzed by an approximate geometrical-optics model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Switching (41 MHz), 2.5 mΩ•cm<sup>2</sup>, High Current 4H-SiC VJFETs for High Power and High Temperature Applications (2006)

In this work we have demonstrated the operation of 600-V class 4H-SiC vertical-channel junction field-effect transistors (VJFETs) with 6.6-ns rise time, 7.6-ns fall time, 4.8-ns turn-on and 5.4-ns turn-off delay time at 2.5 A drain current (IDS), which corresponds to a maximum switching frequency of 41 MHz – the fastest ever reported switching of SiC JFETs to our knowledge. At IDS of 12 A, a 19.1 MHz maximum switching frequency has been also achieved. Specific on-resistance (Rsp-on) in the linear region is 2.5 m·cm2 at VGS of 3 V. The drain current density is greater than 1410 A/cm2 at 9 V drain voltage. High-temperature operation of the 4H-SiC VJFETs has also been investigated at temperatures from 25 °C to 225 °C. Changes in the on-resistance with temperature are in the range of 0.90~1.33%/°C at zero gate bias and IDS of 50 mA. The threshold voltage becomes more negative with a negative shift of 0.096~0.105%/°C with increasing temperature.
The Flight Behavior of Migrating Birds in Changing Wind Fields: Radar and Visual Analyses (1991)

This paper examines the influence of atmospheric structure and motion (principally winds aloft) on the flight behavior and altitudinal distribution of migrating songbirds. Bird migration data that I gathered using surveillance radars operated by the United States National Weather Service and the Federal Aviation Administration and a vertically directed fixed-beam marine radar mounted on a mobile laboratory are analyzed in relation to winds aloft. Migrating birds appear to fly at altitudes where winds will minimize the cost of transport and assist movements in seasonally appropriate directions. When migratory flights occur at altitudes that are higher than usual, a significant correlation exists between the altitude of densest migration and the altitude of most favorable wind. Lower altitudes may be favored over slightly more favorable winds at much higher altitudes. Radar data on the flight behavior of migrating birds in the vicinity of frontal systems is also examined. The flight strategies of migrants (fly over the front, change the direction of flight, or land and terminate the flight) differ depending on season and the “thickness” of the front. Recent migration studies that are related to atmospheric structure and motion are summarized and related to atmospheric processes operating simultaneously at vastly different spatial and temporal scales.