gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistive GP-SIMD Processing-In-Memory (2016)

GP-SIMD, a novel hybrid general-purpose SIMD architecture, addresses the challenge of data synchronization by in-memory computing, through combining data storage and massive parallel processing. In this article, we explore a resistive implementation of the GP-SIMD architecture. In resistive GP-SIMD, a novel resistive row and column addressable 4F 2 crossbar is utilized, replacing the modified CMOS 190F 2 SRAM storage previously proposed for GP-SIMD architecture. The use of the resistive crossbar allows scaling the GP-SIMD from few millions to few hundred millions of processing units on a single silicon die. The performance, power consumption and power efficiency of a resistive GP-SIMD are compared with the CMOS version. We find that PiM architectures and, specifically, GP-SIMD benefit more than other many-core architectures from using resistive memory. A framework for in-place arithmetic operation on a single multivalued resistive cell is explored, demonstrating a potential to become a building block for next-generation PiM architectures.
Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy: Frequency-Domain Techniques (2014)

Diuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a technique that combines experimental measurements and model-based data analysis to measure the bulk absorption and scattering properties of highly scattering media. DOS typically uses red and near-infrared (NIR) light, especially from 600 to 1000 nm, where light propagation in tissue is heavily dominated by scattering [1]. DOS measurements of tissue optical properties (i.e., absorption and scattering) are assumed to contain information about tissue structure and function. e term diuse optics refers to photons that propagate randomly throughout the tissue. DOS utilizes the photons that conventional optical techniques discard; instead of collimated or coherent photons, DOS measures incoherent, multiply scattered photons that are spread out over space and time. Diusive photons probe a large sample volume, providing macroscopically averaged absorption and scattering properties at depths up to a few centimeters in tissues.
Gout and the regulation of purine biosynthesis. (1976)

The imminent power wall has made power reduction a first-order design priority. Lowering the supply voltage to nearthreshold level has proven to be a very effective approach in power reduction at the expense of degraded functional reliability at low supply voltage, especially for on-chip memories. To mitigate this side effect of voltage scaling, error correction coding (ECC) schemes are used to achieve reliable low-power memory operation. In this work, the performance, area and energy cost of various error detection and correction schemes is quantized combining synthesis results with measurement data. A minimaleffort syndrome decoding for Hsiao SECDED decoder is proposed for area and power optimization. The synthesis data of the optimized Hsiao SECDED decoder present up to 20% reduction in area and power compared with original Hsiao decoder. A novel energy-reliability trade-off model of ECC-protected memories is constructed to facilitate design space exploration and enable fast assessment of ECC schemes. By applying the model to varying application scenarios, we show that a net energy saving of 15% to 20% can be achieved in our test. The imminent power wall has made power reduction a first-order design priority. Lowering the supply voltage to nearthreshold level has proven to be a very effective approach in power reduction at the expense of degraded functional reliability at low supply voltage, especially for on-chip memories. To mitigate this side effect of voltage scaling, error correction coding (ECC) schemes are used to achieve reliable low-power memory operation. In this work, the performance, area and energy cost of various error detection and correction schemes is quantized combining synthesis results with measurement data. A minimaleffort syndrome decoding for Hsiao SECDED decoder is proposed for area and power optimization. The synthesis data of the optimized Hsiao SECDED decoder present up to 20% reduction in area and power compared with original Hsiao decoder. A novel energy-reliability trade-off model of ECC-protected memories is constructed to facilitate design space exploration and enable fast assessment of ECC schemes. By applying the model to varying application scenarios, we show that a net energy saving of 15% to 20% can be achieved in our test.
Serum BCL2/IGH DNA in Follicular Lymphoma Patients: A Minimal Residual Disease Marker (2000)

The majority of follicular lymphoma patients carry a t(14,18) juxtaposing the BCL2 oncogene to the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region (IgH). Molecular analysis for follicular lymphoma-specific DNA translocations may permit evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD). We identify extracellular BCL2/IGH transgene DNA in the serum of patients with follicular lymphoma, and evaluate its utility as a surrogate marker. DNA was harvested from both the sera and bone marrow of 5 stage IV follicular lymphoma patients prior to and after chemotherapy and following a novel vaccine-based regimen. Serial PCR amplifications were performed using heminested BCL2-specific major breakpoint cluster region (MBR) primers and the immunoglobulin heavy chain consensus primer. Amplification products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and comparison was made to amplification products from the original tumor biopsy. Results show that four of the five lymphoma patients carried extracellular BCL2/IGH transgene DNA in their serum. The remaining patient did not have an amplification product from either the tumor or the serum, suggesting either the absence of a translocation or the presence of a variant translocation not detectable with this primer set. Transgene DNA was detectable in serum even in patients with MRD, comparing favorably with bone marrow results. In at least one patient, the presence of the transgene in serum at the conclusion of therapy preceded relapse. In conclusion, it seems that tumor-specific, extracellular DNA is present in the serum of follicular lymphoma patients, including those with MRD. Because extracellular DNA may be released into the bloodstream by tumor throughout the body it may be less subject to sampling error, and appears to be an ideal surrogate marker.
Use of Intelimer® Microcapsules to Control the Release of Agricultural Products and Reduce Leaching (1993)

Landec Corporation has developed a family of polymers (Intelimer®) with unique properties that are currently being used in the microencapsulation of agricultural pesticides. Landec is developing uses for its proprietary polymers, which have a temperature switch built into them. Below the switch temperature the polymers have a very low permeability to the diffusion of active ingredients and above the switch they are quite permeable. This property allows the preparation of capsule suspensions (CS) that release active ingredients in response to small changes in temperature. Many different classes of pesticides including an acetanilide (alachlor) and a sulfonyl urea herbicide have been encapsulated. Soil temperature initiates many biological processes. If the delivery of the pesticide coincides with these processes, the most effective control of the pest will occur. In application practices where the pesticide is applied before planting, degradation processes deplete the pesticide, necessitating the need for a larger amount of pesticide to be applied, to give a particular window of control (10 days to 45 days). The use of temperature activated release of pesticides may be the most cost effective use of a pesticide. The soil can be treated prior to planting, but release of the pesticide will not occur until the appropriate temperature is reached. Microcapsules utilizing this release mechanism offer many advantages over conventional formulations, such as a reduction in leaching, protection from environmental degradation and reduced application rates. In column leaching and field trial studies, CS's of a sulfonyl urea and an acetanilide controlled migration of the active within the top 5 or 7.5 centimeters of soil, while wettable granules and wettable powders had 3 to 8 times further migration in the soil. Test results illustrate that CS's can significantly decrease groundwater leaching potential of herbicides. A temperature-activated “on/off” response in biological control was observed in temperature controlled growth chamber studies.
Electrostimulation of the lingual nerve by an intraoral device may lead to salivary gland regeneration: A case series study (2018)

This recovery is probably due to the combined effect of increase in secretory functional gland mass and regain of nervous control of the secretory elements and blood vessels. Both are phenomena that would contribute to gland regeneration.
Dual Roles of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Hearts (2004)

Present results suggest dual roles of 5-HT in ischemia-reperfusion injury. During ischemia, 5HT is released endogenously, constricts coronary smooth muscles via 5-HT(2A) receptors, and aggravates cardiac function. In contrast, 5-HT applied exogenously affects predominantly non-5HT(2A) receptors on the endothelium and induces coronary vasodilatation via endothelial NO production, which is protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Cu<sub>2</sub>(ATC)·6H<sub>2</sub>O:  Design of Open Metal Sites in Porous Metal−Organic Crystals (ATC:  1,3,5,7-Adamantane Tetracarboxylate) (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCu2(ATC)·6H2O: Design of Open Metal Sites in Porous Metal−Organic Crystals (ATC: 1,3,5,7-Adamantane Tetracarboxylate)Banglin Chen, M. Eddaoudi, T. M. Reineke, J. W. Kampf, M. O'Keeffe, and O. M. YaghiView Author Information Materials Design and Discovery Group Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 46, 11559–11560Publication Date (Web):November 4, 2000Publication History Received24 August 2000Published online4 November 2000Published inissue 22 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003159khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003159krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6661Altmetric-Citations434LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Metal organic frameworks,Metals Get e-Alerts
Bayesian Network Supervision on Fault Tolerant Fuel Cells (2006)

In this paper, a supervisor system, able to diagnose different types of faults during the operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), is introduced. The diagnosis is developed by applying Bayesian networks, which qualify and quantify the cause-effect relationship among the variables of the process. The fault diagnosis is based on the online monitoring of variables easy to measure in the machine such as voltage, electric current, and temperature. The fault effects are based on experiments on a fault tolerant fuel cell, which are reproduced in a fuel cell model. A database of fault records is constructed from the fuel cell model, improving the generation time and avoiding permanent damage to the equipment.
Total-dose issues for microelectronics in space systems (1996)

Ionizing radiation has been a problem for space-system microelectronics from the earliest satellites. Much progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms that cause total-dose-induced failure, and this knowledge has been applied to hardened-technology development. Many of the hardened technologies are no longer available, however, and hence more commercial off-the-shelf components are being used. This situation presents a challenge for system designers, since the commercial parts typically have lower failure levels and larger variability in response. In addition, recent studies have uncovered new challenges for total-dose hardness assurance in the form of 1) an enhanced low dose-rate sensitivity of bipolar linear microcircuits, 2) an effect of burn in on CMOS microcircuit total-dose response, and 3) an enhanced effect of plastic packaging on the burned-in effect for CMOS circuits. These issues are addressed as they relate to the space-system ionizing radiation environment.
Nuclear transplantation of embryonic stem cells in mice (1993)

The developmental ability of enucleated mouse eggs that had received embryonic stem cells was examined. In a preliminary study, none of the reconstituted eggs formed a nucleus using inactivated Sendai virus (HVJ) after activation with ethanol. DC pulses were applied at 100 or 140 V mm-1 in addition to this treatment. After electrofusion, 29-40% of reconstituted eggs formed nuclei and 41-60%, 25-44%, 12-24% and 12-18% developed to two-cell and four-cell and morulae and blastocysts, respectively. The ability of reconstituted eggs to form blastocysts did not depend on the age of recipient eggs, except in cases of very young and very old eggs. Although implantation sites were observed, no live fetuses were obtained after the transfer of reconstituted eggs to the recipients.
The Receptor for α-Melanotropin of Mouse and Human Melanoma Cells (1989)

The melanotropin (MSH) receptor of mouse B16-F1 melanoma cells was characterized by photoaffinity cross-linking, using a potent alpha-MSH photolabel, [norleucine4, D-phenylalanine7, 1'-(2-nitro-4-azidophenylsulfenyl)-tryptophan9]-alpha-melanotropin (Naps-MSH). Its monoiodinated form, 125I-Naps-MSH, displayed a approximately 6.5-fold higher biological activity than alpha-MSH. Scatchard analysis of the saturation curves with 125I-Naps-MSH revealed approximately 20,000 receptors/B16-F1 cell and an apparent KD of approximately 0.3 nM. Analysis of the cross-linked MSH receptor by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that a photolabeled band of approximately 45 kDa occurs in B16-F1, B16-F10, and Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma, as well as in human D10 and 205 melanoma but not in non-melanoma cells. The labeled 45-kDa protein had an isoelectric point of 4.5-4.9 as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Treatment of the labeled 45-kDa protein of B16-F1 cell membranes by neuraminidase shifted the band to approximately 42 kDa. A similar band of about 42 kDa was also observed after receptor labeling of B16-W4 cells, a cell line with a decreased number of terminal N-linked neuraminyl residues. These results indicate that the labeled 45-kDa glycoprotein contains terminal sialic acid residues, explaining the low pI of this protein, and that it is characteristic for melanoma cells and hence part of the MSH receptor.
Synthetic Advances in the C–H Activation of Rigid Scaffold Molecules (2020)

The remarkable structural and electronic properties of rigid non-conjugated hydrocarbons afford attractive opportunities to design molecular building blocks for both medicinal and material applications. The bridgehead positions provide the possibility to append diverse functional groups at specific angles and in specific orientations. The current review summarizes the synthetic development in CH functionalization of three rigid scaffolds namely: (a) cubane, (b) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), (c) adamantane. 1 Introduction 2 Cubane 2.1 Cubane Synthesis 2.2 Cubane Functionalization 3 Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) 3.1 BCP Synthesis 3.2 BCP Functionalization 4 Adamantane 4.1 Adamantane Synthesis 4.2 Adamantane Functionalization 5 Conclusions and Outlook
Building Complex Structural Frameworks (2007)

Abstract The technical and economic challenges of exploring and producing in deepwater environments require that risk and uncertainty be reduced as much as possible. One of the major contributors to uncertainty – and therefore risk – is creating a sound structural framework. Sophisticated geostatistical techniques are commonly used to create facies and petrophysical models which are used for analyzing uncertainty and making reservoir management decisions, but the underlying structural frameworks often do not correctly portray the true structure. Current methodologies have limitations to the types of fault intersections, the number of faults that realistically can be modeled, and/or the type of grid that can be generated from the reservoir model. The structural framework is often a compromise between the actual structure and what the modeling system allows, particularly in areas with large numbers of Y-intersections, low angle faults, or reverse faults. We have developed a new technique for structural framework building that takes a unique approach to constructing the initial fault model, where fault relationships and intersections are easily defined and controlled. This technique does not have limitations to the types of fault intersections nor to the number of faults which may be included in a reservoir model, and provides the tools to build a reservoir grid using these complex fault intersections. When the structural framework more accurately represents the interpretation, subsequent calculations such as reserve estimates, analysis of structural uncertainty, or well placement can be made with more confidence. The simplicity of building and editing the fault relationships, creating the stratigraphic model, and building the reservoir grid means that an asset team can easily update a model, test different interpretations, and use the model for both geologic and engineering applications.
Transcriptional Scaffold: CIITA Interacts with NF-Y, RFX, and CREB To Cause Stereospecific Regulation of the Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Promoter (2000)

Scaffold molecules interact with multiple effectors to elicit specific signal transduction pathways. CIITA, a non-DNA-binding regulator of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene transcription, may serve as a transcriptional scaffold. Regulation of the class II MHC promoter by CIITA requires strict spatial-helical arrangements of the X and Y promoter elements. The X element binds RFX (RFX5/RFXANK-RFXB/RFXAP) and CREB, while Y binds NF-Y/CBF (NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC). CIITA interacts with all three. In vivo analysis using both N-terminal and C-terminal deletion constructs identified critical domains of CIITA that are required for interaction with NF-YB, NF-YC, RFX5, RFXANK/RFXB, and CREB. We propose that binding of NF-Y/CBF, RFX, and CREB by CIITA results in a macromolecular complex which allows transcription factors to interact with the class II MHC promoter in a spatially and helically constrained fashion.
The costs of home delivery of a birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine in a prefilled syringe in Indonesia. (2005)

The introduction of HB-Uniject for birth-dose delivery is economically worthwhile and can increase coverage of the critical birth dose, improve resource utilization, reduce transmission of hepatitis B and promote injection safety.
Penetrance and Clinical Manifestations of Non-Hotspot Germline <i>RET</i> Mutation, C630R, in a Family with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2005)

Germline mutations in specific hot spot-codons of the RET proto-oncogene are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). Clinical RET gene testing has been routine for the last 10 years in some countries. In Argentina, RET testing excluding MEN 2B was always reported with a mutation at codon 634, with one exception: we described a novel mutation T > C transition at codon 630 (C630R), the family to which we extend the study in the present report. This family comprised 29 members in four generations including 6 individuals affected with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), positive for the C630R mutation and normal adrenaline/ noradrenaline and ionized calcium/parathyroid hormone levels. Two asymptomatic mutation carriers aged 5 and 11 years underwent total thyroidectomy. The histopathologic examination showed C-cell hyperplasia and microcarcinoma foci, while preoperative basal calcitonins were normal for both. Our report emphasizes the importance of testing for non-hot spot RET mutations in apparently mutation negative MEN 2 families. Furthermore, it would appear that C630R mirrors C634R in penetrance (100% in this family) and in early age of onset of MTC, although paradoxically, no pheochromocytomas and hyperparathyroidism have developed. In addition to recommending RET testing before 5 years of age; we also can postulate that codon 630 may be the key point along the extracellular domain, important in the tissue-specific penetrance.
Significant Enhancement of Infrared Photodetector Sensitivity Using a Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/C<sub>60</sub> Phototransistor (2014)

A highly sensitive single-walled carbon nanotube/C60 -based infrared photo-transistor is fabricated with a responsivity of 97.5 A W(-1) and detectivity of 1.17 × 10(9) Jones at 1 kHz under a source/drain bias of -0.5 V. The much improved performance is enabled by this unique device architecture that enables a high photoconductive gain of ≈10(4) with a response time of several milliseconds.
Catalytic Nonoxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane over Fe–Ni and Ni Catalysts Supported on Mg(Al)O to Produce Hydrogen and Easily Purified Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Nonoxidative decomposition of ethane was conducted over monometallic Ni and bimetallic Fe–Ni catalysts on basic Mg(Al)O support to produce H2 free of CO and CO2 and easily purified carbon nanotubes, a potentially valuable byproduct. The Mg(Al)O support was prepared by calcination of synthetic MgAl–hydrotalcite with a Mg to Al ratio of 5. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness with total metal loadings of 5 wt %. The dehydrogenation of undiluted ethane was conducted at temperatures of 500, 650, and 700 °C. At 500 °C, the Ni/Mg(Al)O catalyst was highly active and very stable with 100% conversion of ethane to 20 vol % H2 and 80 vol % CH4. However, the bimetallic Fe–Ni/Mg(Al)O exhibited its best performance at 650 °C, yielding 65 vol % H2, 10 vol % CH4, and 25 vol % unreacted ethane. The product carbon was in the form of carbon nanotubes (CNT) at all three reaction temperatures, but the morphology of the CNT depended on both the catalyst composition and reaction temperature. The CNTs were formed by a tip-growth mechanism over the Mg(Al)O supported catalysts and were easily purified by a one-step dilute nitric acid treatment. Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, TEM, STEM, TGA, and XRD were used to characterize the catalysts and the CNT, revealing the catalytic mechanisms.