gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Odorants of Different Chemical Classes Interact with Distinct Odorant Binding Protein Subtypes (2002)

The ligand profile for three odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of the rat have been determined using a large number of odorous compounds from different chemical classes. To evaluate the binding spectra of distinct subtypes, all OBPs were produces in Escherichia coli as recombinant His-tagged fusion proteins. The individual binding properties of each OBP subtype were analysed using a large array of organic compounds, representing derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, as well as terpenes, pyrazines and thiazoles, in a competitive spectroscopic binding assay with various fluorescence chromophores as the specific interacting partner for the OBPs. Most of the compounds were identified to interact only with one OBP subtype. But interestingly, a small change, for example in the 2-methyl or 2-ethoxy side chain in the pyrazine and thiazole derivatives to a 2-isobutyl group, caused overlapping binding affinities to rat-OBP1 and rat-OBP3. However, the data strongly support the notion that each OBP subtype displays a characteristic ligand binding profile and interacts with a different subset of exogenous organic compounds in a micromolar range.
The new intrusion prevention and detection approaches for clustering-based sensor networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose two approaches to improve the security of clustering-based sensor networks: authentication-based intrusion prevention and energy-saving intrusion detection. In the first approach, different authentication mechanisms are adopted for two common packet categories in generic sensor networks to save the energy of each node. In the second approach, different monitoring mechanisms are also needed to monitor cluster-heads (CHs) and member nodes according to their importance. When monitoring CHs, member nodes of a CH take turns to monitor this CH. This mechanism reduces the monitor time, and therefore saves the energy of the member nodes. When monitoring member nodes, CHs have the authority to detect and revoke the malicious member nodes. This also saves the node energy because of using CHs to monitor member nodes instead of using all the member nodes to monitor each other. Finally, simulations are performed and compared with LEACH, based on an ns2 LEACH CAD tool. The simulation result shows that the proposed approaches obviously extend the network lifetime when the clustering-based sensor network is under attack.
Process Management Domain (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Maintenance Process Focus KPA Maintenance Processes/Services Definition KPA Maintenance Training KPA Maintenance Process Performance KPA Maintenance Innovation and Deployment KPA Summary Exercises
Stacked Nanowires FETs: Mechanical robustness evaluation for sub-7nm nodes (2016)

Stacked Nanowires FETs are proposed to replace FinFET and FDSOI for sub-7nm nodes. While most studies demonstrate the performances gain offered by such structures, mechanical stability of the suspended silicon channels needs to be considered. This paper provides a fully mechanical analytical description of nanowire stacks to explain the occurrence of buckling phenomena of silicon channels.
Effect of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Molecular Weight on the Silver Morphology Synthesized by N, N-Dimethylformamide Reduction (2012)

Nanosized silver (Ag) was synthesized by reducing high concentration AgNO3 in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of stabilizer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). PVP of two different molecular weights (MW=40000, 1300000) at the reaction temperature of 80°C and 100°C were tested for the effect on the formation of diverse silver nanoparticles. Our results indicated that the PVP with different molecular weights plays different role in the controlling of the Ag nanostructure owing to the PVP molecular selective adsorption on different crystal facets, thus affecting the growth rate of different facets of Ag nanoparticles. When all the other conditions kept the same and the temperature of 100°C, if PVP (Mw=40,000) was used, only a small amount of Ag decahedra were found. However, when the PVP with larger molecular weight such as PVP K88 (Mw=1300, 000), a large quantity of the triangular nanoprisms existed in the final solution in spite of the minority of quasi-sphere. The growth process and causation of different silver morphology with two distinct PVP have been briefly discussed.
Metabolic adaptation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> during temperature‐induced recombinant protein production: 1. Readjustment of metabolic enzyme synthesis (2002)

The metabolic burden and the stress load resulting from temperature-induced production of human basic fibroblast growth factor is connected to an increase in the respiratory activity of recombinant Escherichia coli, thereby reducing the biomass yield. To study the underlying changes in metabolic enzyme synthesis rates, the radiolabeled proteom was subjected to two-dimen- sional gel electrophoresis. After temperature-induction, the cAMP-CRP controlled dehydrogenases of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (LpdA and SdhA) were induced four times, reaching a maximum 1 h after the temperature upshift. The more abundant tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases (Icd and Mdh) were initially produced at reduced rates but regained preshift rates within 30 min. The adenylate energy charge dropped immediately after the temperature upshift but recovered within 1 h. Similar profiles in dehydrogenase synthesis rates and adenylate energy charge were found in a control cultivation of a strain carrying the "empty" parental expression vector. Although both strains exhibited significant differences in growth pattern and respiration rates after the temperature upshift, the adaptation of the energetic state of the cells and the synthesis of enzymes from the energy-generating catabolic pathway did not seem to be affected by the strong overproduction of the recombinant growth factor. In contrast, the synthesis rates of enzymes belonging to the biosynthetic machinery, e.g., translational elongation factors, decreased more strongly in the culture synthesizing the recombinant protein. In control and producing culture, synthesis rates of elongation factors paralleled the respective growth rate profiles. Thus, cells seem to readjust their metabolic activities according to their energetic requirements and, if necessary, at the cost of their biosynthetic capabilities.
Experimental testing and computational stress analysis of printed circuit board for the failure prediction of passive components under the depaneling load condition (2005)

Nowadays, the trend of microelectronic devices is to achieve more functions but with smaller sizes: In order to fulfill this requirement, not only the density of packaging needs to be increased, but also the sizes of components have to be decreased. Due to the reduction of sizes, the electronic components may become more and more susceptible to the loading induced from various fabrication processes. Depaneling of printed circuit boards is quite common at the end of the manufacturing of microelectronic systems in order to singulate each individual unit. It is found that, if the boards are under a certain mechanical loading, the risk of cracking the tiny passive components is high. The present study is intended to establish a model for the failure prediction of passive components under the depaneling load condition. Both experimental testing and computational stress analysis are performed. The testing part is for the purpose of measuring depaneling load and board strains to validate the computational model. The computational stress analysis is performed with a 3D finite element model. The emphasis is placed on finding the correlation between the bending strain on the PCB (which is an index of the local curvature of the bent PCB) and the bending stress in the passive components (which is the reason to crack chip capacitors/resistors). It is observed that such a relationship can be established. With this model, the cracking of passive components may be predicted under the depaneling load condition. The understanding of this potential threat can be turned into a design rule to avoid mounting passive components in the "high risk" area on the PCB. As a result, the objective of "design for reliability" can be achieved.
Synthesis of α‐Aryl Nitriles through Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Cyanoacetate Salts with Aryl Halides and Triflates (2011)

Worth its salt: The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of the cyanoacetate salt as well as its mono- and disubstituted derivatives with aryl chlorides, bromides, and triflates is described (see scheme). This reaction is potentially useful for the preparation of a diverse array of α-aryl nitriles and has good functional group tolerance. S-Phos=2-(2,6-dimethoxybiphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine), Xant-Phos=4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REVIEWS (1979)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Cavalier Poets. Selected Poems. Edited by T CLAYTON Pp xxiv+364 Oxford University Press, 1978 Cloth, £7 95, paper, £2 95 net ‘Trust to Good Verses’. Herrick Tercentenary Essays. Edited by R B ROLLIN and J M PATRICK Pp vi+292 Pittsburgh University Press, 1978 $13 95 P W THOMAS P W THOMAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXX, Issue 118, May 1979, Pages 213–215, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXX.118.213 Published: 01 May 1979
An Epstein-Barr Virus Anti-Apoptotic Protein Constitutively Expressed in Transformed Cells and Implicated in Burkitt Lymphomagenesis: The Wp/BHRF1 Link (2009)

Two factors contribute to Burkitt lymphoma (BL) pathogenesis, a chromosomal translocation leading to c-myc oncogene deregulation and infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Although the virus has B cell growth-transforming ability, this may not relate to its role in BL since many of the transforming proteins are not expressed in the tumor. Mounting evidence supports an alternative role, whereby EBV counteracts the high apoptotic sensitivity inherent to the c-myc-driven growth program. In that regard, a subset of BLs carry virus mutants in a novel form of latent infection that provides unusually strong resistance to apoptosis. Uniquely, these virus mutants use Wp (a viral promoter normally activated early in B cell transformation) and express a broader-than-usual range of latent antigens. Here, using an inducible system to express the candidate antigens, we show that this marked apoptosis resistance is mediated not by one of the extended range of EBNAs seen in Wp-restricted latency but by Wp-driven expression of the viral bcl2 homologue, BHRF1, a protein usually associated with the virus lytic cycle. Interestingly, this Wp/BHRF1 connection is not confined to Wp-restricted BLs but appears integral to normal B cell transformation by EBV. We find that the BHRF1 gene expression recently reported in newly infected B cells is temporally linked to Wp activation and the presence of W/BHRF1-spliced transcripts. Furthermore, just as Wp activity is never completely eclipsed in in vitro-transformed lines, low-level BHRF1 transcripts remain detectable in these cells long-term. Most importantly, recognition by BHRF1-specific T cells confirms that such lines continue to express the protein independently of any lytic cycle entry. This work therefore provides the first evidence that BHRF1, the EBV bcl2 homologue, is constitutively expressed as a latent protein in growth-transformed cells in vitro and, in the context of Wp-restricted BL, may contribute to virus-associated lymphomagenesis in vivo.
Activity and thermostability of the small self-splicing group I intron in the pre-tRNA(lle) of the purple bacterium Azoarcus. (1996)

The 205-nt group I intron located in the pre-tRNA(lle) from the bacterium Azoarcus sp.BH72 is the smallest self-splicing group I intron identified to date. Comparative sequence analysis has placed this intron and the Anabaena pre-tRNA(Leu) intron into the same subgroup, IC3; we now compare their activity and stability. Unlike the Anabaena intron, the Azoarcus intron has two transitions in the kinetics of the first step of splicing. The faster transition occurs with a larger k(cat)/K(m) than that of the Anabaena or other group I introns, due to a rapid K(cat) (5 min(-1) at 32 degrees C) and a low K(m) for guanosine (17 microM). The excised intron circularizes by releasing a trinucleotide from the 5' end of the intron, another property unlike the Anabaena intron. Although it is smaller in size, the Azoarcus intron retains activity at higher temperatures, higher concentrations of urea, and higher pH than the Anabaena intron. Melting curves show that tertiary structure is disrupted at a lower temperature in the Anabaena intron. Some structural features that may explain the unusual stability of the Azoarcus intron include a G-C rich secondary structure and the presence of two 11-nt motifs, which are known to interact strongly with GAAA loops in group I and group II introns. The disruption of one of these interactions by substituting the Anabaena structural element in fact lowered the thermal stability of the Azoarcus intron. Thus, even superficially similar group I introns from the same structural subgroup can differ significantly in activity and stability.
Mitigating off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo gene editing (2020)

The rapid advancement of genome editing technologies has opened up new possibilities in the field of medicine. Nuclease-based techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system are now used to target genetically linked disorders that were previously hard-to-treat. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach wields several advantages over its contemporary editing systems, notably in the ease of component design, implementation and the option of multiplex genome editing. While results from the early phase clinical trials have been encouraging, the small patient population recruited into these trials hinders a conclusive assessment on the safety aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 therapy. Potential safety concerns include the lack of fidelity in the CRISPR/Cas9 system which may lead to unintended DNA modifications at non-targeted gene loci. This review focuses modifications to the CRISPR/Cas9 components that can mitigate off-target effects in in vitro and preclinical models and its translatability to gene therapy in patient populations.
Codec independent lossy audio compression detection (2017)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting marks of lossy compression encoding, such as MP3 or AAC, from PCM audio. The method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) applied to audio spectrograms and trained with the output of various lossy audio codecs and bitrates. Our method shows good performances on a large database and robustness to codec type and resampling.
Does Cholesterol from food shows negative impact on cardiac health (2021)

A Now a day the dietary cholesterol had become the most debated nutrient in the food science. The origin of this controversy began when it was found that it is the cause for many underlying cardiac health issues such as cardiovascular failure. After 1815 there were many studies conducted proving that cholesterol is carried in the body by lipoproteins, as there are some kinds of lipoproteins responsible for many metabolic diseases. Cholesterol in texture is a wax like substance present only in the animal kingdom whereas it is absent in the plants and instead the plants have a substance called as phytosterol. Cholesterol and fats do not dissolve in the blood and hence they travel in the body in form of packets which are covered with lipoproteins. In usual cholesterol and fats are important to body since they act as precursors for the synthesis of hormones and Vitamin D. besides healthy benefits they show negative impact when cholesterol becomes excess in form of lipoproteins especially when it is Low density lipoproteins.
Evidence that vaccinia virulence factor E3L binds to Z-DNA <i>in vivo</i> : Implications for development of a therapy for poxvirus infection (2004)

The E3L gene product found in all poxviruses is required for the lethality of mice in vaccinia virus infection. Both the C-terminal region, consisting of a double-stranded RNA-binding motif, and the N-terminal region (vZ(E3L)), which is similar to the Zalpha family of Z-DNA-binding proteins, are required for infection. It has recently been demonstrated that the function of the N-terminal domain depends on its ability to bind Z-DNA; Z-DNA-binding domains from unrelated mammalian proteins fully complement an N-terminal deletion of E3L. Mutations that decrease affinity for Z-DNA have similar effects in decreasing pathogenicity. Compounds that block the Z-DNA-binding activity of E3L may also limit infection by the poxvirus. Here we show both an in vitro and an in vivo assay with the potential to be used in screening for such compounds. Using a conformation-specific yeast one-hybrid assay, we compared the results for Z-DNA binding of vZ(E3L) with those for human Zbeta(ADAR1), a peptide that has similarity to the Zalpha motif but does not bind Z-DNA, and with a mutant of hZbeta(ADAR1), which binds Z-DNA. The results suggest that this system can be used for high-throughput screening.
Stimulus-response machines (1991)

This paper describes Stimulus-Response (S-R) Machines, a new visual formalism based on the semantics of Ada. S-R Machines are SCOOP-3's [2] main medium for specifying and implementing critical units of behavior. They have the same motivation as Harel's Statecharts [3]: to manage the unstructured explosion of blobs and arrows that occur on complex State Transition Diagrams. S-R Machines add to Ada's semantics a named off-page abstraction mechanism called "boxes." Boxes are used to decompose S-R Machines into hierarchies of states (goals, steps, conditions, or modes), each of which can be easily verified. S-R Machines are similar to Harlan Mills' Box-Structured Systems [4]: our interfaces are identical to his black boxes; our bodies are similar to his state and clear boxes. Because S-R Machines combine the familiar features of dataflow diagrams, object-message diagrams, and structured flowcharts, its notation is easy to learn. S-R Machines are useful when developing state-rich safety-critical systems or whenever understanding or communication are problematical or critical (e.g., educational settings and software inspections).
Antitumor effects of butyrolactone I, a selective cdc2 kinase inhibitor, on human lung cancer cell lines. (1997)

Butyrolactone I, which is a naturally occurring specific inhibitor of the cdc2 kinase family, showed antitumor effects on several non-small- and small-cell-lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values the order of 50 micrograms/ml on the former. No cross-resistance of several drug-resistant cell lines, including those with the multidrug-resistant phenotype and five cisplatin-resistant cell lines to butyrolactone I was observed. The cdc2 kinase activity of PC-14 cells was inhibited by treatment with 20 micrograms/ml butyrolactone I, a concentration comparable to the IC50 value, for 2 hours. Longer exposure to butyrolactone I (> 24 hours) reduced the cdc2 kinase protein level. Butyrolactone I arrested the cells at the G2/M phase in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that butyrolactone I actually acts on cdc2 kinase, rather than other cdk kinases, in PC-14 cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis, determined by measuring thymidine uptake, occurred earlier (2 hours) after initiating exposure than the decrease in the cdc2 protein level and was concentration dependent, suggesting that butyrolactone I inhibited DN4 synthesis. Cell permeabilization by digitonin enhanced DN4 synthesis inhibition by butyrolactone I, suggesting that the permeability of the membrane to this agent was the limiting factor for its growth inhibitory effect. Many anticancer agents, such as alkylating agents and cisplatin, cause cells to accumulate at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. We investigated whether butyrolactone I had any modulatory effect on the antitumor effects of several anticancer drugs in vitro. Butyrolactone I showed no modulatory effects on vindesine, paclitaxel, or etoposide, but exposure of PC-9 and PC-14 cells to butyrolactone I together with or prior to treatment with cisplatin reduced the cytotoxicity of the latter. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed that butyrolactone I bound to cisplatin, which was a possible cause of the reduced cisplatin cytotoxicity in the presence of bytyrolactone I.
The Sex Pheromone of the Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera)13 (1976)

A sex pheromone from females of the western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, was collected by a semi-continuous, nondestructive method; and an improved laboratory bioassay was developed. Field studies with the unfractionated pheromone showed that males of the WCR and northern corn rootworm (NCR), Diabrotica longicornus (Say), were attracted to traps baited with WCR pheromone. The NCR males displayed a distinct quotidian variation in their response to the baited traps. The field traps remained attractive for at least 22 days after a single application of pheromone providing a triglyceride extender was incorporated into the pheromone solution.
Metal binding sites of the estradiol receptor from calf uterus and their possible role in the regulation of receptor function (1989)

The existence of putative metal binding sites on the estradiol receptor (ER) molecule from calf uterus was evaluated by immobilizing various divalent metals to iminodiacetate-Sepharose. ER from both crude and highly purified preparations binds to metal-containing adsorbents complexed with Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), but not to those complexed with Fe(II) and Cd(II). Elution of ER was obtained by chelating agents or by imidazole, thus indicating that histidine residues on the ER molecule are involved in the interaction with the metal. Analysis of affinity-labeled ER by [3H]tamoxifen aziridine after elution from a column of Zn(II)-charged iminodiacetate-Sepharose showed that ER fragments obtained by extensive trypsinization were also bound. Zn(II) and the same other metals able to bind ER, when immobilized on resins, inhibit the binding of estradiol to the receptor at micromolar concentrations. This inhibition is noncompetitive and can be reversed by EDTA. The inhibition of the hormone binding was still present after trypsin treatment of the cytosol, and it was abolished by preincubation with the hormone. Micromolar concentrations of these metals were able to block those chemical-physical changes occurring during the process of ER transformation in vitro. Furthermore, if added to pretransformed ER-hormone complex, they strongly inhibited the binding of the complex to isolated nuclei. The presence of metal binding sites that modulate the ER activity in the hormone binding domain of ER is therefore speculated. Since progesterone receptor showed the same pattern of binding and elution from metal-containing adsorbents, the presence of metal binding regulatory sites could be a property of all steroid receptors.