gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mechanical Analogy-Based Battery Model for SoC Estimation Using a Multicell EKF (2016)

The future evolution of technological systems dedicated to improve energy efficiency will strongly depend on effective and reliable energy storage systems, as key components for smart grids, microgrids, and electric mobility. Besides possible improvements in chemical materials and cells design, the battery management system is the most important electronic device that improves the reliability of a battery pack. In fact, a precise state of charge (SoC) estimation allows the energy flows controller to better exploit the full capacity of each cell. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition for the SoC, explaining the rationales by a mechanical analogy. We introduce a novel cell model, conceived as a series of three electric dipoles, together with a procedure for parameters estimation relying only on voltage measures and a given current profile. The three dipoles represent the quasi-stationary, the dynamic, and the instantaneous components of voltage measures. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted as a nonlinear state estimator. Moreover, we propose a multicell EKF system based on a round-robin approach to allow the same processing block to keep track of many cells at the same time. Performance tests with a prototype battery pack composed by 18 A123 cells connected in series show encouraging results.
Atomic and electronic structure of the nonpolar<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>GaN</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>00</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>surface (2009)

We present a cross-section scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and ab initio density-functional theory simulations study of the cleaved nonpolar $(1\overline{1}00)$ surface ($m$-plane) of $n$-type HVPE GaN free-standing quasisubstrates. Atomically resolved empty and filled states STM topographies show that no reconstruction occurs upon cleavage, as predicted by theory. STS measurements on clean and atomically flat cleaved surfaces (defect concentration ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) show that the Fermi energy is not pinned and the tunneling current flows through Ga-like electronic states lying outside the fundamental band gap. On surface areas with defect concentration ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}\ensuremath{\ge}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, the Fermi energy is pinned inside the band gap in defect-derived surface states and tunneling through filled (empty) N-like (Ga-like) states takes place.
Funk-Hecke Formula for Orthogonal Polynomials on Spheres and on Balls (2000)

Analogues of the Funk–Hecke formula for spherical harmonics are proved for Dunkl's h-harmonics associated to the reflection groups, and for orthogonal polynomials related to h-harmonics on the unit ball. In particular, an analogue and its application are discussed for the weight function (1−|x|2)μ−1/2 on the unit ball in Rd. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 33C50, 33C55, 42C10.
A Robust Polyionized Hydrogel with an Unprecedented Underwater Anti‐Crude‐Oil‐Adhesion Property (2016)

A polyionized hydrogel polymer (sodium polyacrylate-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PAAS-g-PVDF)) is fabricated via an alkaline-induced phase-inversion process. PAAS-g-PVDF coatings exhibit unprecedented anti-adhesion and self-cleaning properties to crude oils under an aqueous environment. A PAAS-g-PVDF-coated copper mesh can effectively separate a crude oil/water mixture with extremely high flux and high oil rejection driven by gravity, and is oil-fouling-free for long-term use.
Colour preferences and colour vision in poultry chicks (2007)

The dramatic colours of biological communication signals raise questions about how animals perceive suprathreshold colour differences, and there are long-standing questions about colour preferences and colour categorization by non-human species. This study investigates preferences of foraging poultry chicks (Gallus gallus) as they peck at coloured objects. Work on colour recognition often deals with responses to monochromatic lights and how animals divide the spectrum. We used complementary colours, where the intermediate is grey, and related the chicks' choices to three models of the factors that may affect the attractiveness. Two models assume that attractiveness is determined by a metric based on the colour discrimination threshold either (i) by chromatic contrast against the background or (ii) relative to an internal standard. An alternative third model is that categorization is important. We tested newly hatched and 9-day-old chicks with four pairs of (avian) complementary colours, which were orange, blue, red and green for humans. Chromatic contrast was more relevant to newly hatched chicks than to 9-day-old birds, but in neither case could contrast alone account for preferences; especially for orange over blue. For older chicks, there is evidence for categorization of complementary colours, with a boundary at grey.
Electrodeposition of Nb, Ta, Zr and Cu from Ionic Liquid forNanocomposites Preparation (2015)

Multilayer metal materials with nanometric scale are important in modern engineering applications. Composite materials based on metals with different characteristics give rise to new materials with unique properties. Among the others, nanostructured composites constituted by immiscible metals can present interfaces able to control defects produced by high doses of radiation, stress and temperature: their properties can be exploited in nuclear power reactor. Immiscible systems constituted by Cu/Nb or Cu/Ta multilayers exhibit higher thermal stability and improved mechanical properties with respect to bulk Nb, bulk Ta and bulk Cu. Refractory metals present high melting point, high hardness and high resistance against strong acids and bases. The electrodeposition of these metals presents several limitations: the most important is the very negative deposition potential that makes difficult the deposition of metals such as niobium, tantalum and zirconium. Since both oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution from water splitting occur at potential values much less cathodic than the metals reduction, at the low potential requested to obtain niobium, tantalum and zirconium in metal form it is necessary the use of electrolytes free of water and oxygen and characterized by high stability in large potential windows. To overcome this limitation, the electrodeposition from molten salts or ionic liquids as solvents have been proposed.
In the present project the electrochemical coating of niobium, tantalum zirconium and copper has been investigated in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide([BMP][TFSA]) on both boron doped diamond (BDD) and metal substrates in order to determine the reduction path for both single metal and nanometric composites electrodeposition.
Electrochemical experiments have been performed at different temperatures in a glove box, under nitrogen atmosphere. Galvanostatic runs and cyclic voltammograms performed at different scan rates and different potential windows have been carried out in order to determine the behaviour of the systems employed. Potentiostatic experiments were performed at the potential values corresponding to the voltammetric peaks and the samples obtained were analysed by SEM-EDX analyses.
Regarding the electrodeposition of refractory metals nanometric crystallites have been obtained at 125 °C.
Cu/Nb and Cu/Ta composites have been prepared by a dual bath deposition technique; the deposits were constituted by fine crystallites with average sizes in the range 50-100 nm. The elemental maps indicate a different distribution of Cu/Nb and Cu/Ta in the composites obtained with the different substrates.
Flavor perceptibility of straight chain, unsaturated aldehydes as a function of double‐bond position and geometry (1981)

Abstract The mean threshold values for odor and taste of straight‐chain mono‐ and diunsaturated aldehydes are determined in solutions of paraffin oil. The threshold values lie at low concentrations and display interesting odor and taste aspects. Special attention is given to the influence of chain length, double‐bond position, number of double bonds and cis/trans geometry.
Design and Fabrication of a 29μH Bondwire Micro-transformer with LTCC Magnetic Core on Silicon for Energy Harvesting Applications (2014)

This paper presents the design of a 1: 50 bondwire micro-transformer assembled with IC gold bonding wires and a toroidal LTCC magnetic core with race-track shape. The transformer is fabricated on-top of a standard BCD IC in a 15 mm2 footprint area for micro-power energy harvesting applications. Measurements show a secondary self-inductance up to 29 μH with a maximum Q-factor of 11.6 at 1.3 MHz, and a coupling coefficient of 0.65 with an effective turns ratio of 19. This miniaturized technology finds also applications in power supply in package (PwrSiP) and power supply on chip (PwrSoC).
Cytolytic CD4<sup>+</sup>-T-Cell Clones Reactive to EBNA1 Inhibit Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Proliferation (2003)

In the absence of immune surveillance, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells generate neoplasms in vivo and transformed cell lines in vitro. In an in vitro system which modeled the first steps of in vivo immune control over posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lymphomas, our investigators previously demonstrated that memory CD4(+) T cells reactive to EBV were necessary and sufficient to prevent proliferation of B cells newly infected by EBV (S. Nikiforow et al., J. Virol. 75:3740-3752, 2001). Here, we show that three CD4(+)-T-cell clones reactive to the latent EBV antigen EBNA1 also prevent the proliferation of newly infected B cells from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-matched donors, a crucial first step in the transformation process. EBNA1-reactive T-cell clones recognized B cells as early as 4 days after EBV infection through an HLA-DR-restricted interaction. They secreted Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines and lysed EBV-transformed established lymphoblastoid cell lines via a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. Once specifically activated, they also caused bystander regression and bystander killing of non-MHC-matched EBV-infected B cells. Since EBNA1 is recognized by CD4(+) T cells from nearly all EBV-seropositive individuals and evades detection by CD8(+) T cells, EBNA1-reactive CD4(+) T cells may control de novo expansion of B cells following EBV infection in vivo. Thus, EBNA1-reactive CD4(+)-T-cell clones may find use as adoptive immunotherapy against EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease and many other EBV-associated tumors.
Treating Major Depression in Primary Care Practice (1998)

The Depression Guideline Panel of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research in 1993 published recommendations for treating major depression in primary care practice that were often based on studies of tertiary care psychiatric patients. We reviewed reports of randomized controlled trials in primary care settings published between 1992 and 1998. This evidence indicates that both antidepressant pharmacotherapy and time-limited depression-targeted psychotherapies are efficacious when transferred from psychiatric to primary care settings. In most cases, the choice between these treatments should depend on patient preference. Studies to date suggest that improving treatment of depression in primary care requires properly organized treatment programs, regular patient follow-up, monitoring of treatment adherence, and a prominent role for the mental health specialist as educator, consultant, and clinician for the more severely ill. Future research should focus on how guidelines are best implemented in routine practice, since conventional dissemination strategies have little impact.
Effects of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 gene transfer on invasiveness, proliferation and apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (RA-SF) (2002)

TIMPs play a key role in counter balancing the action of MMPs and have been associated with cell proliferation, inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effects of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 gene transfer on cartilage invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of RA-SF. RA-SF were transduced with an adenoviral vector expressing human TIMP-1 (AdTIMP-1) or TIMP-3 (AdTIMP-3). Transduction efficacy was assessed by LacZ staining of RA-SF that were transduced with an adenoviral β-galactosidase construct. Untransduced and mock transduced RA-SF were used as controls. TIMP-1 was measured by ELISA in the culture supernatants of AdTIMP-1 transduced and mock transduced cells every 10 days until 60 days after transduction. Proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation, and the rate of spontaneous apoptosis as well as FasL induced cell death was determined by a histon fragmentation assay. AdTIMP-1 and AdTIMP-3 transduced RA-SF and control RA-SF were co-implanted with human articular cartilage under the renal capsule of SCID mice for 60 days and their invasiveness was evaluated on paraffin sections using a semiquantitative score. Transduction efficacy was 67%, and TIMP-1 levels in the supernatants of AdTIMP-1 transduced cells were 51.5 ± 6.5 μg/ml as compared to 8.7 ± 3.4 μg/ml in the mock transduced cells. These levels of TIMP expression were maintained for at least 60 days. AdTIMP-1 and AdTIMP-3 gene transfer resulted in an inhibition of proliferation (35% and 40% vs. mock, respectively; P < 0.05). Transduction of RA-SF with AdTIMP-3 but not TIMP-1 increased spontaneous apoptosis (+24%; vs. mock, P < 0.05) as well as susceptibility to FasL-induced cell death (+23% vs. mock, P < 0.05). In the SCID mouse model, untransduced and mock transduced RA.SF deeply invaded the cartilage (scores: 2.5 ± 0.2 and 3.2 respectively). In the AdTIMP-1 and AdTIMP-3 transduced RA-SF, invasion was inhibited clearly (scores 0.9 ± 0.4 and 1.2 ± 0.2 respectively) Both AdTIMP-1 and AdTIMP-3 gene transfer inhibit proliferation of RA-SF and reduce cartilage invasion. In contrast to TIMP-1, adenoviral gene transfer with TIMP-3. has a strong pro-apoptotic effect on RA-SF and facilitates Fas mediated cell death. These results indicate that gene transfer of TIMPs may be a useful approach to inhibit joint destruction in RA.
Virtual machine allocation in cloud computing for minimizing total execution time on each machine (2013)

This paper considers a virtual machine allocation problem. Each physical machine in cloud has a lot of virtual machines. Each job needs to use a number of virtual machines during a given and fixed period. The objective aims to minimize the cost induced by total execution time on each physical machine. This allocation problem is proved to be N P-hard. Additionally, three mixed integer linear mathematical models are constructed to represent and solve the problem. The performance comparison of the three proposed models is analyzed through some empirical results.
Scene Text Extraction Using Focus of Mobile Camera (2009)

Robust extraction of text from scene images is essential for successful scene text recognition. Scene images usually have non-uniform illumination, complex background, and existence of text-like objects. The common assumption of a homogeneous text region on a nearly uniform background cannot be maintained in real applications. We proposed a text extraction method that utilizes user's hint on the location of the text within the image. A resizable square rim in the viewfinder of the mobile camera, referred to here as a 'focus', is the interface used to help the user indicate the target text. With the hint from the focus, the color of the target text is easily estimated by clustering colors only within the focused section. Image binarization with the estimated color is performed to extract connected components. After obtaining the text region within the focused section, the text region is expanded iteratively by searching neighboring regions with the updated text color. Such an iterative method would prevent the problem of one text region being separated into more than one component due to non-uniform illumination and reflection. A text verification process is conducted on the extracted components to determine the true text region. It is demonstrated that the proposed method achieved high accuracy of text extraction for moderately difficult examples from the ICDAR 2003 database.
Synthese und Struktur eines <i>rac</i>‐Tris(divinyldisiloxan)diplatin(0)‐Komplexes und dessen Reaktion mit Maleinsäureanhydrid (1991)

rac ‐Tris(divinyldisiloxan)diplatin(0) 1 erhält man bei der Reaktion von [Pt(cod) 2 ] mit Tetramethyldivinyldisiloxan. Durch detaillierte NMR‐Multikern‐Untersuchungen an 1 zeigte sich, daß Lösungen von 1 nahezu identisch mit der katalytisch aktiven Lösung sind, die bei Hydrosilylierungen von ungesättigten Verbindungen eingesetzt wird. magnified image
Human Platelet-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-<i>β</i>Stimulates Parameters of Bone Growth in Fetal Rat Calvariae* (1986)

Human platelet-derived transforming growth factor type beta (TGF beta) is mitogenic for fetal rat calvariae in serum-free organ culture. It enhances DNA synthesis in short (24-h) and long (48- to 96-h) term cultures, but produces no significant stimulatory effects on bone collagen synthesis or alkaline phosphatase activity (two parameters of differentiated osteoblastic cell-type function) when present continuously in culture. Transitory treatment with TGF beta, however, induces a subsequent stimulation of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis that depends on prior cell replication, suggesting an increase in the number of newly differentiated bone cells. In addition, TGF beta increases prostaglandin release, but this effect is probably unrelated to its mitogenic function. TGF beta activity is also found in culture medium conditioned by fetal rat calvariae, and the bone-derived factor produces effects similar to those of the human platelet factor. This polypeptide, therefore, may have an important function in early stages of bone development as well as bone repair after trauma-induced platelet degranulation.
Facile Synthesis of Poly(hydridocarbyne): A Precursor to Diamond and Diamond‐like Ceramics (2008)

Polycarbynes have previously been shown to be polymeric precursors to diamond and diamond-like carbon. Here, we report an incredibly simple method for producing one of these polymers, poly(hydridocarbyne). The method simply requires chloroform, electricity, a solvent and an electrolyte. Since the polymer is soluble, the production of diamond objects of any shape is feasible. It is hoped that the ease of the synthesis will make these types of polymers accessible to scientists from all disciplines and that the potential applications for this material, which range from electrical to biomedical, are finally realized.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis (2006)

BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is the first  4 integrin antagonist in a new class of selective adhesion- molecule inhibitors. We report the results of a two- year phase 3 trial of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Of a total of 942 patients, 627 were randomly assigned to receive natalizumab (at a dose of 300 mg) and 315 to receive placebo by intravenous infusion every four weeks for more than two years. The primary end points were the rate of clinical relapse at one year and the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, at two years. RESULTS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of sustained progression of disability by 42 percent over two years (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.77; P 0.001). The cumulative probability of progression (on the basis of Kaplan- Meier analysis) was 17 percent in the natalizumab group and 29 percent in the placebo group. Natalizumab reduced the rate of clinical relapse at one year by 68 percent (P 0.001) and led to an 83 percent reduction in the accumulation of new or enlarging hyperintense lesions, as detected by T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), over two years (mean numbers of lesions, 1.9 with natalizumab and 11.0 with placebo; P 0.001). There were 92 percent fewer lesions (as detected by gadolinium- enhanced MRI) in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group at both one and two years (P 0.001). The adverse events that were significantly more frequent in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group were fatigue (27 percent vs. 21 percent, P = 0.048) and allergic reaction (9 percent vs. 4 percent, P = 0.012). Hypersensitivity reactions of any kind occurred in 25 patients receiving natalizumab (4 percent), and serious hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 8 patients (1 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab reduced the risk of the sustained progression of disability and the rate of clinical relapse in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Adhesion- molecule inhibitors hold promise as an effective treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis.
WSOTF: An Automatic Testing Tool for Web Services Composition (2010)

This paper presents an automatic conformance testing tool with timing constraints from a formal specification (TEFSM: Timed Extended Finite State Machine) of web services composition (WSOTF: Web Service composition, Online Testing Framework), that is implemented by an online testing algorithm. This algorithm combines simultaneously idea of test execution and debug to generate and simultaneously execute the test cases. In this tool, the complete test scenario (timed test case suite and data) is built during test execution. This tool focus on unit testing, it means that only the service composition under test is tested and all its partners will be simulated by the WSOTF. This tool also considers the timing constraints and synchronous time delay. We can also use this tool for debug that is not easy while we develop a composite of Web services.
RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTED PARALLEL SPATIAL INDEXING SCHEMA BASED ON R-TREE (2008)

As one of the key technologies for improving the efficiency of parallel processing of a huge volume spatial data under the distributed parallel computing environment, the parallel spatial indexing mechanism is discussed in this paper. On the viewpoint of the existing research results, the classical R-tree indexing structure and its variations have the well characteristic for parallel organizing and processing of spatial data, therefore, a new multi-tiers parallel spatial indexing structure based on R-tree (HCMPR-tree, multi-tiers parallel R-tree based on Hilbert spatial filling curve) is presented. Differing from the present parallel spatial indexing structures, the attributes of the parallel computing pattern has been considered adequately, and a high performance parallel spatial data partitioning algorithm (HCSDP, spatial data partitioning algorithm based on the Hilbert spatial filling curve) has been applied in the HCMPR-tree. Based on the theoretical and technical issues of classical methodology of parallel algorithm design, HCMPR-tree has not only a well indexing structure for parallel computing, but it also obtains the high efficiency for load-balance between the different nodes under the distributed parallel computing environment. In the paper, using the system response time of the parallel processing of spatial scope query algorithm as the performance evaluation factor, the availability and the efficiency of HCMPR-tree has been sufficiently proved by implementing parallel processing on the testing spatial datasets.