gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRP channels of intracellular membranes (2010)

Ion channels are classically understood to regulate the flux of ions across the plasma membrane in response to a variety of environmental and intracellular cues. Ion channels serve a number of functions in intracellular membranes as well. These channels may be temporarily localized to intracellular membranes as a function of their biosynthetic or secretory pathways, i.e., en route to their destination location. Intracellular membrane ion channels may also be located in the endocytic pathways, either being recycled back to the plasma membrane or targeted to the lysosome for degradation. Several channels do participate in intracellular signal transduction; the most well known example is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Some organellar intracellular membrane channels are required for the ionic homeostasis of their residing organelles. Several newly-discovered intracellular membrane Ca(2+) channels actually play active roles in membrane trafficking. Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a superfamily (28 members in mammal) of Ca(2+)-permeable channels with diverse tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and physiological functions. Almost all mammalian TRP channels studied thus far, like their ancestor yeast TRP channel (TRPY1) that localizes to the vacuole compartment, are also (in addition to their plasma membrane localization) found to be localized to intracellular membranes. Accumulated evidence suggests that intracellularly-localized TRP channels actively participate in regulating membrane traffic, signal transduction, and vesicular ion homeostasis. This review aims to provide a summary of these recent works. The discussion will also be extended to the basic membrane and electrical properties of the TRP-residing compartments.
Extracellular Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin in the Nucleus Accumbens of Freely Moving Rats During Intracerebral Dialysis with Cocaine and Other Monoamine Uptake Blockers (1996)

Monoamine-uptake blockers were applied focally (0.1-1,000 microM) through a dialysis probe in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats, and the extracellular concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were measured. The selective dopamine-uptake blocker GBR 12935 increased dopamine preferentially with only a small effect on norepinephrine, whereas the selective serotonin-uptake blocker fluoxetine increased serotonin output preferentially. In contrast, the selective norepinephrine-uptake blockers desipramine and nisoxetine enhanced not only norepinephrine, but also serotonin and dopamine appreciably. Cocaine increased all three amines with the greatest effects on dopamine and serotonin. As in our previous study on the ventral tegmental area, there was a positive association between dopamine and norepinephrine output when all blocker data were taken together. The present results suggest a contribution of the increase in norepinephrine, but not serotonin, to the enhancement of dopamine after cocaine applied focally in the nucleus accumbens.
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Time-Hopping and Direct-Sequence UWB-MIMO Systems (2005)

We analyze the performance of ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing various modulation and multiple access (MA) schemes including time-hopping (TH) binary pulse-position modulation (BPPM), TH binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), and direct-sequence (DS-) BPSK. We quantify the performance merits of UWB space-time (ST) systems regardless of specific coding scheme. For each modulation technique, we introduce a framework that enables us to compare UWB-MIMO systems with conventional UWB single-input single-output (SISO) systems in terms of diversity and coding gains. We show that the combination of ST coding and RAKE receiver is capable of exploiting spatial diversity as well as multipath diversity, richly inherent in UWB environments. In addition, we adopt the real orthogonal design (ROD) as the engine code for UWB-ST codes. We find the upper bound of the average pairwise error probability (PEP) under the hypothesis of quasistatic Nakagami- frequency-selective fading channels. The performance comparison of ROD-ST codes with different rates is also addressed. Finally, simulation results are presented to support the theoretical analysis.
Performance evaluation of multi-core, multi-threaded SIP proxy servers (SPS) (2016)

Process schedulers are part of the core functionality of an operating system (OS), and have been enhanced over the years to account for multiple cores in the processors and to support multi-threaded applications. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Linux scheduler's load-balancing algorithm on the performance of multi-threaded OpenSIPS (an open source SIP proxy server, SPS) running on a multi-core processor system. Linux uses the “completely fair scheduler” (CFS) scheduling policy and provides parameters specifically tunable in a multi-core environment. We conducted extensive experiments and analyzed the collected data to characterize the performance of SPS as a function of the number of CPU cores, the number of server threads and the call arrival rate. Based on our analysis, we show how to configure the various scheduler parameters as a function of the number of CPU cores to achieve a significant improvement in SPS performance. We further present a capacity planning model as a tool that service providers may use to obtain a first-order approximation of the capacity of their system that yields a good match to experimental results.
Designed electromagnetic pulsed therapy: Clinical applications (2007)

First reduced to science by Maxwell in 1865, electromagnetic technology as therapy received little interest from basic scientists or clinicians until the 1980s. It now promises applications that include mitigation of inflammation (electrochemistry) and stimulation of classes of genes following onset of illness and injury (electrogenomics). The use of electromagnetism to stop inflammation and restore tissue seems a logical phenomenology, that is, stop the inflammation, then upregulate classes of restorative gene loci to initiate healing. Studies in the fields of MRI and NMR have aided the understanding of cell response to low energy EMF inputs via electromagnetically responsive elements. Understanding protein iterations, that is, how they process information to direct energy, we can maximize technology to aid restorative intervention, a promising step forward over current paradigms of therapy.
Ultraviolet Radiation and Health: from Hazard Identification to Effective Prevention (1999)

The increased exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone depletion is one of the most serious global health problems. The UV exposure is known to cause skin carcinoma, cataract and deteriorated immune function, but for countries like Japan, the magnitude of health effects of UV radiation is yet to be elucidated. The International Workshop on the Health Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation was held in Tokyo, Japan, on February 17-19, 1999, in attempts to visualize the size of this problem and to identify better solutions. Through this workshop, several lines of scientific evidence were provided, which clearly show that the risk of cataract and skin cancer among people living in Japan increases with the increasing level of sun exposure. We must seek, therefore, the extent to which the UV exposure of given intensity causes adverse health effects in Japanese population. Through the workshop, the importance of preventive measure was confirmed. The scientific basis of prevention is, of course, the knowledge of dose-response relationship and the current exposure status in Japanese population. It is hoped that the communications between researchers in Japan and other countries are strengthened through this workshop.
Surface-enhanced IR absorption on platinum nanoparticles: an application to real-time monitoring of electrocatalytic reactions (2002)

Molecules adsorbed on Pt nanoparticles prepared on Si by a chemical deposition technique exhibit extremely strong IR absorption, which enables fast time-resolved IR monitoring of electrocatalytic reactions.
An image database system facilitating icon-driven spatial information definition and retrieval (2002)

As a step towards the development of advanced image database systems with the objective of reducing the semantic gap between the user's view and the system's view, an integrated image database system which facilitates icon-driven spatial information definition and retrieval is proposed. Spatial (visual) characteristics of entities in an image can be defined and retrieved in a uniform way by drawing sketches of the entities and arranging them spatially on a two-dimensional screen. The approach taken is that of representing the requested characteristics as spatial knowledge visually in ordinary inference rules. Man-machine interaction facilities and a scheme of spatial characteristics extraction are extensively discussed as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current Management and Treatment for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2022)

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising in many parts of the world and primary care providers are poised to be the first point of contact for these patients. The optimal management of patients with CKD include early detection, cause identification, CKD progression retardation (including dietary support, blood pressure control, drug therapeutics), management of comorbid conditions, acute kidney injury prevention, and knowing when to refer for specialist care. In general, the concept of CKD progression retardation involves patient education on topics such as lifestyle modification measures, e.g., diet, to reduce burden on the kidneys and use of medications that can confer renoprotection while causing little if any side effects. The advent of SGLT2 inhibitors, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and new potassium binders provides our patients with new hope to further lengthen the time to end-stage kidney failure. It is therefore necessary that stakeholders involved in the care of patients with CKD understand the latest evidence to optimise care and patient wellbeing.
Preparation of N-substituted phthalimides by the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and coupling of o-dihalo aromatics and primary amines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of N-substituted phthalimides by the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and coupling of o-dihalo aromatics and primary aminesRobert J. Perry and S. Richard TurnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6573–6579Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views898Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inside 3D Studio MAX 2 (1998)

From the Publisher:
Inside 3D Studio MAX 2 is a complete tutorial, reference, and production guide to creating professional-quality 3D graphics and animation with MAX 2.3D Studio Max is the world s best-selling professional 3D modeling and animation software for PCs
This book is recommended as a must read by Kinetix and the industry s top 3D animation professionals!
Max 2 boasts over 1,000 new features and enhancements, as well as a new modeling component
Identification, Sequence, and Expression of an Invertebrate Caveolin Gene Family from the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (1997)

Caveolae are vesicular organelles that represent an appendage of the plasma membrane. Caveolin, a 21-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Caveolin has been proposed to function as a plasma membrane scaffolding protein to organize and concentrate signaling molecules within caveolae, including heterotrimeric G proteins (alpha and betagamma subunits). In this regard, caveolin interacts directly with Galpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. To date, three cDNAs encoding four subtypes of caveolin have been described in vertebrates. However, evidence for the existence of caveolin proteins in less complex organisms has been lacking. Here, we report the identification, cDNA sequence and genomic organization of the first invertebrate caveolin gene, Cavce (for caveolin from Caenorhabditis elegans). The Cavce gene, located on chromosome IV, consists of two exons interrupted by a 125-nucleotide intron sequence. The region of Cavce that is strictly homologous to mammalian caveolins is encoded by a single exon in Cavce. This suggests that mammalian caveolins may have evolved from the second exon of Cavce. Cavce is roughly equally related to all three known mammalian caveolins and, thus, could represent a common ancestor. Remarkably, the invertebrate Cavce protein behaves like mammalian caveolins: (i) Cavce forms a high molecular mass oligomer, (ii) assumes a cytoplasmic membrane orientation, and (iii) interacts with G proteins. A 20-residue peptide encoding the predicted G protein binding region of Cavce possesses "GDP dissociation inhibitor-like activity" with the same potency as described earlier for mammalian caveolin-1. Thus, caveolin appears to be structurally and functionally conserved from worms to man. In addition, we find that there are at least two caveolin-related genes expressed in C. elegans, defining an invertebrate caveolin gene family. These results establish the nematode C. elegans as an invertebrate model system to study caveolae and caveolin in vivo.
Experimental strategies to promote central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Insights gained from the Theiler's virus model system (1995)

The destruction of central nervous system (CNS) myelin, the lipid-rich insulator surrounding axons in the mammalian brain and spinal cord, is the primary pathological finding in multiple sclerosis. Myelin loss can result in a significant clinical deficit, and was originally thought to be permanent, similar to axonal destruction. However, myelin regeneration is now an established phenomenon in both human disease and animal models of CNS demyelination. In this review, the concept of remyelination in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis is discussed and the usefulness of animal models of CNS demyelination in developing experimental strategies to promote remyelination is examined. Special emphasis is given to the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis model, which has been the primary animal model used to investigate therapies designed specifically to stimulate myelin repair.
Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcription factors and TNF-α cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles (2004)

Ultrafine (Uf) particles are a component of particulate air pollution suggested to be responsible for the health effects associated with elevations of this pollutant. We have previously suggested that Uf particles, through the induction of oxidative stress, may induce inflammation in the lung, thus exacerbating preexisting illness in susceptible individuals. Alveolar macrophages are considered to play a key role in particlemediated inflammation and lung disease. The effect of Uf particles on rat alveolar macrophages and human blood monocytes was investigated with reference to the roles of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). TNF-alpha protein release, intracellular calcium concentration, TNF-alpha mRNA expression, and transcription factor activation were studied as end points after treatment of rat alveolar macrophages or peripheral blood monocytes. The calcium channel blocker verapamil, the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, the calmodulin inhibitor W-7, and the antioxidants Trolox and Nacystelin (NAL) were included in combination with Uf particles. Verapamil reduced intracellular calcium concentration in rat alveolar macrophages on stimulation with Uf particles. This effect was also apparent with transcription factor AP-1 activation. All antagonists and antioxidants reduced Uf-stimulated nuclear localization of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB in human monocytes. Verapamil, BAPTA-AM, and NAL reduced Uf-stimulated TNF-alpha protein release, whereas only verapamil reduced Uf-stimulated mRNA expression in rat alveolar macrophages. In human monocytes, verapamil, Trolox, BAPTA-AM, and W-7 reduced Uf-stimulated TNF-alpha protein release. These findings suggest that Uf particles may exert proinflammatory effects by modulating intracellular calcium concentrations, activation of transcription factors, and cytokine production through a ROS-mediated mechanism.
News from ASMS: The incredible shrinking mass spectrometers (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNews from ASMS: The incredible shrinking mass spectrometers Celia Henry reports from Palm Springs, CA. A sampling of research presented at the 1997 meeting of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Celia HenryCite this: Anal. Chemi. 1997, 69, 15, 457APublication Date (Web):June 1, 2011Publication History Published online1 June 2011Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac971717ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac971717gresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Mass spectrometers Get e-Alerts
Transformations of Polyfluoroalkyl Iodides<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransformations of Polyfluoroalkyl Iodides1Murray Hauptschein, Milton Braid, and Francis E. LawlorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 23, 6248–6253Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01580a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01580a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The growth rate of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> depends on sufficient porin‐mediated influx of nutrients (2005)

Mycobacteria have a unique outer membrane (OM) that is thicker than any other known biological membrane. Nutrients cross this permeability barrier by diffusion through porins. MspA is the major porin of Mycobacterium smegmatis. In this study we showed that three paralogues of MspA, namely MspB, MspC and MspD are also porins. However, only the mspA and mspC genes were expressed in the wild-type strain. None of the single deletion mutants displayed a significant OM permeability defect except for the mspA mutant. Deletion of the mspA gene caused activation of transcription of mspB and/or mspD in three independent strains by unknown chromosomal mutations. It is concluded that mspB and mspD provide backup porins for M. smegmatis. This also indicated that a minimal porin-mediated OM permeability is essential for survival of M. smegmatis. Electron microscopy in combination with quantitative image analysis of protein gels revealed that the number of pores per cell dropped from 2400 to 800 and 150 for the DeltamspA and DeltamspA DeltamspC mutant (ML10) respectively. The very low number of pores correlated well with the at least 20-fold lower channel activity of detergent extracts of the ML10 strain and its 15- and 75-fold lower permeability to nutrient molecules such as serine and glucose respectively. The amount of Msp porin and the OM permeability of the triple porin mutant lacking mspA, mspC and mspD was not altered. The growth rate of M. smegmatis dropped drastically with its porin-mediated OM permeability in contrast to porin mutants of Escherichia coli. These results show that porin-mediated influx of nutrients is a major determinant of the growth rate of M. smegmatis.
Computerised techniques for detecting gaseous microemboli in blood using pulsed Doppler ultrasound (1987)

Pulsed Doppler ultrasound and spectral analysis were used to monitor nonpulsatile blood flow generated in a test rig. Two computerised techniques are described for detecting microemboli in blood by analysis of Doppler blood velocity data (sonagram). The two ultrasound microemboli indices identify different features in the ultrasound signals to detect microembolic phenomena. Both indices showed significant increases ( p < 0.001) for samples of agitated blood (containing gaseous microemboli) as compared to normal blood injected sequentially into the test rig. The linear relationship demonstrated between data obtained by the two methods ( r = 0.91, p < 0.01) indicates that both are providing similar quantitative information regarding the number of microemboli detected. These two computerised techniques may be applied to sonagrams obtained from arterial blood flow and thereby provide information regarding the presence of gaseous microemboli in the circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.