gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Less Is More: Novel Hepatocyte-Targeted siRNA Conjugates for Treatment of Liver-Related Disorders (2020)

N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) conjugation enhances liver specificity for therapeutic oligonucleotides. Here we report on a novel design with improved activity and stability compared with a triantennary design. We applied a versatile monovalent serinol-GalNAc conjugation strategy. First, 1-4 serial serinol-linked GalNAc units were conjugated to terminal positions of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. In primary hepatocytes, 5' antisense GalNAc conjugates were inactive, whereas 3' antisense and 3' or 5' sense conjugates displayed low activity for single GalNAc units, while 2-4 serial GalNAc conjugates were all equally potent. In mice, 5' sense conjugates with 2-4 serial GalNAc units were all as potent as a triantennary GalNAc control (1 mg/kg). Second, increased spacing between two serial 5' sense-conjugated GalNAc units did not affect in vitro activity. Finally, two single GalNAc units were positioned at opposite ends of the sense strand. A single dose (0.3 mg/kg) of this novel conjugate in mice showed a 3-fold reduction of serum target protein level at day 7 and 4-fold lower serum level at day 27, relative to an equimolar dose of a triantennary GalNAc conjugate of the same siRNA. Improved tritosome stability (by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [LC-MS] analysis) can at least partially explain the increased activity and duration of action for the novel GalNAc conjugate.
Transistor noise parameter extraction using a 50 Omega measurement system (1993)

A 50- Omega noise-figure measurement system has been integrated into a fully automated S-parameter measurement system, allowing fast determination of transistor noise parameters as well as S-parameters as a function of both frequency and bias. This functionality from such a simple measurement system is achieved using a novel analysis technique, based on the noise temperature model (see M.W. Popieszalski, 1989), that allows, after S-parameter measurements and analysis, the direct extraction of all four transistor noise parameters from a single noise-figure measurement. The value of the unknown temperature T/sub d/ and the physically relevant small-signal model circuit element values determined provide the CAD (computer-aided design) database necessary to model both the scaling behavior of the transistor S-parameters and noise parameters and their extrapolation to millimeter-wave frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of workload and resource consumption for an online travel and booking site (2010)

Online travel and ticket booking is one of the top E-Commerce industries. As they present a mix of products: flights, hotels, tickets, restaurants, activities and vacational packages, they rely on a wide range of technologies to support them: Javascript, AJAX, XML, B2B Web services, Caching, Search Algorithms and Affiliation; resulting in a very rich and heterogeneous workload. Moreover, visits to travel sites present a great variability depending on time of the day, season, promotions, events, and linking; creating bursty traffic, making capacity planning a challenge. It is therefore of great importance to understand how users and crawlers interact on travel sites and their effect on server resources, for devising cost effective infrastructures and improving the Quality of Service for users. In this paper we present a detailed workload and resource consumption characterization of the web site of a top national Online Travel Agency. Characterization is performed on server logs, including both HTTP data and resource consumption of the requests, as well as the server load status during the execution. From the dataset we characterize user sessions, their patterns and how response time is affected as load on Web servers increases. We provide a fine grain analysis by performing experiments differentiating: types of request, time of the day, products, and resource requirements for each. Results show that the workload is bursty, as expected, that exhibit different properties between day and night traffic in terms of request type mix, that user session length cover a wide range of durations, which response time grows proportionally to server load, and that response time of external data providers also increase on peak hours, amongst other results. Such results can be useful for optimizing infrastructure costs, improving QoS for users, and development of realistic workload generators for similar applications.
Depth-enhanced integral imaging with a stepped lens array or a composite lens array for three-dimensional display (2004)

We propose a novel method to increase the depth of reconstructed integral image in three-dimensional display using a stepped lens array or a composite lens array. We prove our idea by implementing the systems and displaying real and virtual images simultaneously.
Variable length path branch prediction (1998)

Accurate branch prediction is required to achieve high performance in deeply pipelined, wide-issue processors. Recent studies have shown that conditional and indirect (or computed) branch targets can be accuratelypredicted by recording the path, which consists of the target addresses of recent branches, leading up to the branch. In current path based branch predictors, the N most recent target addresses are hashed together to form an index into a table, where N is some fixed integer. The indexed table entry isused to make a prediction for the current branch.This paper introduces a new branch predictor in which the value of N is allowed to vary. By constructing the index into the table using the last N target addresses, and using profiling information to select the proper value of N for each branch, extremely accurate branch prediction is achieved. For the SPECint95 gee benchmark, this new predictor has a conditional branch misprediction rate of 4.3% given a 4K byte hardware budget. For comparison, the gshare predictor, a predictor known for its high accuracy, has a conditional branch misprediction rate of 8.8% given the same hardware budget. For the indirect branches in gee, the new predictor achieves a misprediction rate of 27.7% when given a hardware budget of 512 bytes, whereas the best competingpredictor achieves a misprediction rate of 44.2% when given the same hardware budget.
New methods for lossless image compression using arithmetic coding (2002)

Lossless text compression methods involve some form of moderately high-order exact string matching. However, this work cannot easily be carried over to lossless image compression, because images are two-dimensional and (more important) essentially quantized analog data. A better plan is to find and encode as much of the image structure of the data as possible, and then to encode efficiently the unstructured, noisy residual. In three steps the authors predict the value of each pixel, model the error of the prediction, and encode the error of the prediction. Having a probabilistic model for the errors, they can use arithmetic coding to encode the errors efficiently with respect to the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Epidemiologic Determinants of Aural Abscessation in Free-Living Eastern Box Turtles (<i>Terrapene carolina</i>) in Virginia (2003)

Epidemiologic determinants of 46 cases of aural abscessation in free-living eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina) admitted to the Wildlife Center of Virginia (Virginia, USA) from 1991 to 2000 were evaluated. County human population density, year and season of admission, weight, and sex did not affect the risk for box turtles to develop aural abscessation. Counties with cases of aural abscessation were not randomly distributed, but rather were clustered into two multi-county regions. Geographic location was the only risk factor associated with aural abscessation in box turtles found in this study. Possible etiologies could include chronic infectious disease, malnutrition, or chronic exposure to environmental contamination with organochlorine compounds.
Generation of highly suppressive adaptive CD8<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells by continuous antigen stimulation (2008)

Continuous antigen stimulation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells leads to generation of adaptive CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T (T(R)) cells. Here, we show that highly suppressive adaptive CD8(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells can be generated in the same manner by continuous antigen stimulation in the presence of CD14(+) monocytes. During the course of stimulation, acquisition of immunosuppressive properties develops in parallel with up-regulation and expression of cytotoxic molecules. The CD8(+) T(R) cells inhibit CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation and cytokine production, but do not alter the expression of granzyme A and granzyme B or perforin in CD8(+) effector T cells. Although, the CD8(+) T(R) cells express prostaglandin E(2), IL-10 and TGF-beta, the mechanism of suppression was independent of these soluble factors. In contrast to adaptive CD4(+) T(R) cells, the CD8(+) T(R) cells suppress mainly by a contact-dependent mechanism as evident from transwell experiments. However, neither blocking antibodies to CTLA-4, CD80 nor CD86 could reverse CD8(+) T(R)-mediated suppression, indicating that other mechanism(s) must be employed by these cells.
Vector-sensor array processing for electromagnetic source localization (1994)

The authors present a new approach for localizing electromagnetic sources using sensors where the output of each is a vector consisting of the complete six electric and magnetic field components. Two types of source transmissions are considered: (1) single signal transmission (SST), and (2) dual signal transmission (DST). The model is given in terms of several parameters, including the wave direction of arrival (DOA) and state of polarization. A compact expression is derived for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the estimation errors of these parameters for the multi-source multi-vector-sensor model. Quality measures including mean-square angular error (MSAE) and covariance of vector angular error (CVAE) are introduced, and their lower bounds are derived. The advantage of using vector sensors is highlighted by explicit evaluation of the MSAE and CVAE bounds for source localization with a single vector sensor. A simple algorithm for estimating the source DOA with this sensor is presented along with its statistical performance analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
kClust: fast and sensitive clustering of large protein sequence databases (2013)

kClust fills the need for a fast, sensitive, and accurate tool to cluster large protein sequence databases to below 30% sequence identity. kClust is freely available under GPL at http://toolkit.lmb.uni-muenchen.de/pub/kClust/.
COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation (2020)

Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the globe causing a pandemic. Vaccination or the development of herd immunity seems the only way to slow down the spread of the virus; however, both are not achievable in the near future. Therefore, effective treatments to mitigate the burden of this pandemic and reduce mortality rates are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies of potential antiviral and immunomodulatory compounds and molecules to identify safe and efficacious therapeutics for COVID-19 are ongoing. Two compounds, remdesivir, and dexamethasone have been so far shown to reduce COVID-19-associated death. Here, we provide a review of the potential therapeutic agents being considered for the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients.
The Method of Reducing Drilling Costs More Than 50 Percent (1998)

Abstract This paper shows how using the Drilling Gptimization Simulator (DROPS) has been applied in the planning phase of two North Sea wells. Both the 12.25" and the 8.5" sections were optimized on Well #1 and the 12.25" section was optimized on Well #2. Geological Drilling Logs (GDLs) were generated from offset drilling data in the same field for both the two wells. Both wells with the different hole sections were simulated with the available bit types and designs. The optimum bit selection and the drilling parameters every meter for the hole-sections were optimized. The hydraulic limitations of the pump and the planned mud weight program were used to optimize the bit hydraulics in conjunction with the bit operating parameters, different pull depths and bit designs. The 12.25" sections showed savings potential of 72.4 percent on Well #1 compared to the last well drilled in the field. This included optimizing bit type, hydraulics, operating parameters and pull depths. Well #2 showed savings potential of 15 percent using oil based mud and 20 percent using water based mud compared to the two other wells drilled previously in the field with oil and water based mud respectively. It was concluded that Well #1 could save $ 1.3 million, while Well #2 was originally drilled close to optimum and only showed a potential savings of $ 0.3 million when using optimum drilling parameters. The optimization of the 8.5" section was more complex because of several coring intervals. The five full hole sections between the coring intervals were optimized. The five subsections were drilled through formations of different length and lithology. The bit designs, pull depths, number of bits, hydraulics and operating conditions were optimized for each section. In addition to optimization of the drilling parameters, simulations for reuse of bits were conducted to further cut the drilling costs. The cost savings on the 8.5" section for well#1 showed a maximum potential for saving varying from 23.4 to 78.8 percent for the different sections. From the simulations it can be concluded that the optimum drilling scenario of the 12.25" and 8.5" fitll hole sections for well #1 would reduce the drilling cost with more than $ 4.5 million. P. 161
Industrial Photoinitiators (2010)

The use of photoinitiators in the UV curing process shows remarkable possibilities in myriad applications. Highlighting critical factors such as reactivity, cure speeds, and application details, Industrial Photoinitiators: A Technical Guide is a practical, accessible, industrially oriented text that explains the theory, describes the products, and
Abstractions for software architecture and tools to support them (1995)

Architectures for software use rich abstractions and idioms to describe system components, the nature of interactions among the components, and the patterns that guide the composition of components into systems. These abstractions are higher level than the elements usually supported by programming languages and tools. They capture packaging and interaction issues as well as computational functionality. Well-established (if informal) patterns guide the architectural design of systems. We sketch a model for defining architectures and present an implementation of the basic level of that model. Our purpose is to support the abstractions used in practice by software designers. The implementation provides a testbed for experiments with a variety of system construction mechanisms. It distinguishes among different types of components and different ways these components can interact. It supports abstract interactions such as data flow and scheduling on the same footing as simple procedure call. It can express and check appropriate compatibility restrictions and configuration constraints. It accepts existing code as components, incurring no runtime overhead after initialization. It allows easy incorporation of specifications and associated analysis tools developed elsewhere. The implementation provides a base for extending the notation and validating the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling the meaning of transitions from and to concurrent states in UML state machines (2003)

This paper completes the ASM models developed for UML state machines in [4, 5] providing new submachines covering also transitions from and to concurrent states in the context of event deferring and run-to-completion. Due to the modular structure of the earlier ASM models for UML state diagrams, these new submachines can be inserted there as components. The modular treatment explicitly reflects the corresponding intended "semantic variation points" of UML, thus allowing to adapt definitions given in this paper to possibly changing standardization decisions.
A rapid supervised learning neural network for function interpolation and approximation (1996)

This paper presents a neural-network architecture and an instant learning algorithm that rapidly decides the weights of the designed single-hidden layer neural network. For an n-dimensional N-pattern training set, with a constant bias, a maximum of N-r-1 hidden nodes is required to learn the mapping within a given precision (where r is the rank, usually the dimension, of the input patterns). For off-line training, the proposed network and algorithm is able to achieve "one-shot" training as opposed to most iterative training algorithms in the literature. An online training algorithm is also presented. Similar to most of the backpropagation type of learning algorithms, the given algorithm also interpolates the training data. To eliminate outlier data which may appear in some erroneous training data, a robust weighted least squares method is proposed. The robust weighted least squares learning algorithm can eliminate outlier samples and the algorithm approximates the training data rather than interpolates them. The advantage of the designed network architecture is also mathematically proved. Several experiments show very promising results.
Derivative seismic processing method for GPR data (2002)

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a newly developed geophysics method. It belongs to one of the electromagnetic methods. In a broad sense, it is also a remote sensing technique, but the processing method for GPR data is quite different with the one for remote sensing data. The processing method is the key to develop the technique, so it is an urgent task to develop GPR processing methods at the current time. Based on the close similarity between ground-penetrating radar and the reflection seismic method, this paper presents the derivative seismic processing methods for GPR data, including the CMP processing method, two dimensional filtering, migration and simulation techniques. The principle and an algorithm are given. The derivative seismic processing methods are shown to be very effective for GPR data. GPR is a very convenient, rapid, precise way to get underground information.
Energy-Aware Coverage Path Planning of UAVs (2015)

Coverage path planning is the operation of finding a path that covers all the points of a specific area. Thanks to the recent advances of hardware technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are starting to be used for photogrammetric sensing of large areas in several application domains, such as agriculture, rescuing, and surveillance. However, most of the research focused on finding the optimal path taking only geometrical constraints into account, without considering the peculiar features of the robot, like available energy, weight, maximum speed, sensor resolution, etc. This paper proposes an energy-aware path planning algorithm that minimizes energy consumption while satisfying a set of other requirements, such as coverage and resolution. The algorithm is based on an energy model derived from real measurements. Finally, the proposed approach is validated through a set of experiments.
The Effects of Diabetes Induction on the Rat Heart: Differences in Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Cells, and Fibrosis between Subendocardial and Interstitial Myocardial Areas (2017)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac remodeling and impaired diastolic function that may lead to heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammatory cells, and fibrosis in both subendocardial (SEN) and interstitial (INT) areas of the myocardium. Male Wistar rats were allocated to 2 groups of 9 animals, a control (CT) group and streptozotocin-induced diabetes (DM). After 8 weeks, echocardiography morphometry, protein expression, and confocal microscopy in SEN and INT areas of the left ventricle (LV) were performed. The echocardiographic analysis showed that diabetes induction leads to cardiac dilation, hypertrophy, and LV diastolic dysfunction. As compared to CT, the induction of diabetes increased inflammatory cells and fibrosis in both SEN and INT areas of DM myocardium and increased ROS generation only in SEN. Comparing the SEN and INT areas in the DM group, inflammatory cells and fibrosis in SEN were greater than in INT. In conclusion, diabetic myocardium SEN area, wherein oxidative stress was more pronounced, is more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction than INT area. This finding can be important for the understanding of the heart remodeling process occurring in DCM and perhaps to engender targeted therapies to attenuate or revert DCM-related diastolic dysfunction.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Is Expressed by Most Ovarian Cancer Subtypes and Is a Safe and Effective Immunotherapeutic Target (2016)

T cells redirected against FSHR<sup>+</sup> tumor cells with full-length FSH represent a promising therapeutic alternative against a broad range of ovarian malignancies, with negligible toxicity even in the presence of cognate targets in tumor-free ovaries. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 441-53. ©2016 AACR.
Image Zooming by Curvature Interpolation and Iterative Refinement (2014)

This article is concerned with an effective PDE-based image zooming method which is an improvement of the so-called curvature interpolation method (CIM) previously developed in [H. Kim, Y. Cha, and S. Kim, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 20 (2011), pp. 1895--1903]. The new algorithm incorporates an iterative application of the CIM in order to be an interpolator and to construct a reliable image surface utilizing a generalized curvature source term estimated from the low resolution image. It also employs an effective 9-point scheme for the curvature evaluation which in turn makes the constructed image surface involve no observable ringing artifacts. It has been experimentally verified that the new method results in a high resolution image of clear and sharp edges and cloudless textures, showing qualities of superresolution. Its convergence is analyzed; various results are given to show effectiveness and reliability of the new method. The proposed method has proved not only superior to state-of-the-art methods in image quality but also sufficiently efficient to be applicable for real-time image zooming of arbitrary magnification factors.