gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing a High-Dose Dipyridamole SPECT Imaging Protocol with Dobutamine and Exercise Stress Testing Protocols (1995)

High-dose dipyridamole is safe and easily reversed with intravenous aminophylline. The sensitivity and specificity of dipyridamole and dobutamine stress testing were statistically more accurate than results obtained with treadmill protocols when SPECT is used to image the heart. High-dose dipyridamole resulted in greater changes in heart rate and blood pressure response than seen with standard-dose dipyridamole. Associated side effects can be easily reversed with the administration of intravenous aminophylline without significant complications. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography using high-dose dipyridamole are 100%, 88.9%, and 97.9%, respectively, for the overall presence or absence of disease when compared with coronary arteriography. This is significantly (P < 0.005) greater than that obtained by treadmill nuclear imaging protocols, independent imaging agent.
Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being Are Associated With Antibody Status After Meningitis C Conjugate Vaccination (2002)

This study provides the first evidence that antibody status after a conjugate vaccination may be susceptible to psychological influences.
Microfluidic Air Sampler for Highly Efficient Bacterial Aerosol Collection and Identification (2016)

The early warning capability of the presence of biological aerosol threats is an urgent demand in ensuing civilian and military safety. Efficient and rapid air sample collection in relevant indoor or outdoor environment is a key step for subsequent analysis of airborne microorganisms. Herein, we report a portable battery-powered sampler that is capable of highly efficient bioaerosol collection. The essential module of the sampler is a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip, which consisted of a 3-loop double-spiral microchannel featuring embedded herringbone and sawtooth wave-shaped structures. Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) as a model microorganism, was initially employed to validate the bioaerosol collection performance of the device. Results showed that the sampling efficacy reached as high as >99.9%. The microfluidic sampler showed greatly improved capturing efficiency compared with traditional plate sedimentation methods. The high performance of our device was attributed to the horizontal inertial centrifugal force and the vertical turbulence applied to airflow during sampling. The centrifugation field and turbulence were generated by the specially designed herringbone structures when air circulated in the double-spiral microchannel. The sawtooth wave-shaped microstructure created larger specific surface area for accommodating more aerosols. Furthermore, a mixture of bacterial aerosols formed by V. parahemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli was extracted by the microfluidic sampler. Subsequent integration with mass spectrometry conveniently identified the multiple bacterial species captured by the sampler. Our developed stand-alone and cable-free sampler shows clear advantages comparing with conventional strategies, including portability, easy-to-use, and low cost, indicating great potential in future field applications.
Nrf2 mediates cancer protection but not prolongevity induced by caloric restriction (2008)

Caloric restriction (CR) is the most potent intervention known to both protect against carcinogenesis and extend lifespan in laboratory animals. A variety of anticarcinogens and CR mimetics induce and activate the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2, in turn, induces a number of antioxidative and carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes. Thus, Nrf2 offers a promising target for anticarcinogenesis and antiaging interventions. We used Nrf2-disrupted (KO) mice to examine its role on the biological effects of CR. Here, we show that Nrf2 is responsible for most of the anticarcinogenic effects of CR, but is dispensable for increased insulin sensitivity and lifespan extension. Nrf2-deficient mice developed tumors more readily in response to carcinogen exposure than did WT mice, and CR was ineffective in suppressing tumors in the KO mice. However, CR extended lifespan and increased insulin sensitivity similarly in KO and WT mice. These findings identify a molecular pathway that dissociates the prolongevity and anticarcinogenic effects of CR.
NiCEBook (2010)

In this paper, we present NiCEBook, a paper notebook that supports taking, structuring and reusing notes. Through a study of note-taking habits, we observed that different strategies are used to organize and share notes. Based on these observations, we developed a design for a notebook that combines different approaches to better support these activities. The details of our design were informed by an additional online survey. We emphasize the need to examine the characteristics of taking notes with paper notebooks in order to develop a digital system that resembles the quality of traditional writing. With NiCEBook, we present a solution that combines the flexibility and simplicity of taking notes on paper with the benefits of a digital representation. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system through customized views, searching and sharing functionality.
Protein adsorption in static microsystems: effect of the surface to volume ratio (2004)

A numerical model for the adsorption kinetics of proteins on the walls of a microchannel has been developed using the finite element method (FEM) to address the coupling with diffusion phenomena in the restricted microchannel volume. Time evolutions of the concentration of one species are given, both in solution and on the microchannel walls. The model illustrates the adsorption limitation sometimes observed when the microdimensions of these systems induce a global depletion of the bulk solution. A new non-dimensional parameter is introduced to predict the final value of the coverage of any microsystem under static adsorption. A working curve and a criteria (h/K[Gamma](max) > 10) are provided in order to choose, for given adsorption characteristics, the value of the volume-to-surface ratio (i.e. the channel height h) avoiding depletion effects on the coverage (relative coverage greater than 90% of the theoretical one). Simulations were compared with confocal microscopy measurements of IgG antibody adsorption on the walls of a PET microchannel. The fit of the model to the experimental data show that the adsorption is under apparent kinetic control.
Navaids testing risks and their mitigation (2003)

Aircrews use several methods to determine the status of navigational aids ("navaids"), including NOTAMs, broadcast messages (e.g., automatic terminal information service or ATIS), and communications with air traffic control (ATC) personnel. However, some navaids testing activities can confuse or mislead aircrews or result in radiating hazardous misleading information (HMI) which cannot be detected by monitoring systems onboard aircraft. Given the possibility of these conditions, additional precautions are necessary to ensure that aircrews do not use the misleading signals, and to minimize the number and duration of such conditions. This article identifies activities known to result in HMI and reviews anecdotal evidence of inadvertently using test signals by aircraft making normal revenue flights. It presents an analysis of the risks and describes current International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) activities to mitigate the risks of such testing.
Prospects for conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels: the concept of a solar fuels industry (2013)

There is, at present, no solar fuels industry anywhere in the world despite the well-publicized needs to replace our depleting stock of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Many obstacles have to be overcome in order to store sunlight in the form of chemical potential, and there are severe barriers to surmount in order to produce energy on a massive scale, at a modest price and in a convenient form. It is also essential to allow for the intermittent nature of sunlight, its diffusiveness and variability and to cope with the obvious need to use large surface areas for light collection. Nonetheless, we have no alternative but to devise viable strategies for storage of sunlight as biomass or chemical feedstock. Simple alternatives, such as solar heating, are attractive in terms of quick demonstrations but are not the answer. Photo-electrochemical devices might serve as the necessary machinery by which to generate electronic charge but the main problem is to couple these charges to the multi-electron catalysis needed to drive energy-storing chemical reactions. Several potential fuels (CO, H₂, HCOOH, NH₃, O₂, speciality organics, etc.) are possible, but the photochemical reduction of CO₂ deserves particular mention because of ever-growing concerns about overproduction of greenhouse gases. The prospects for achieving these reactions under ambient conditions are considered herein.
Identification of a molecular signature of sarcopenia (2005)

Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia in humans with the use of microarrays has been complicated by low sample size and the variability inherent in human gene expression profiles. We have conducted a study using Affymetrix GeneChips to identify a molecular signature of aged skeletal muscle. The molecular signature was defined as the set of expressed genes that best distinguished the vastus lateralis muscle of young (n = 10) and older (n = 12) male subjects, when a k-nearest neighbor supervised classification method was used in conjunction with a signal-to-noise ratio gene selection method and a holdout cross-validation procedure. The age-specific expression signature was comprised of 45 genes; 27 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. This signature also correctly classified 75% of the muscle samples from young and older subjects published by an independent laboratory, based on their expression profiles. The signature revealed increased expression of several genes involved in mediating cellular responses to inflammation and apoptosis, including complement component C1QA, Galectin-1, C/EBP-beta, and FOXO3A, among others. The increased expressions of genes that regulate pre-mRNA splicing, localization, and modification of RNA comprise markers of the aging signature. Downregulated genes in the signature were the glutamine transporter SLC38A1, a TRAF-6 inhibitory zinc finger protein, and membrane-bound transcription factor protease S2P, among others. The sarcopenia signature developed here will be useful as a molecular model to judge the effectiveness of exercise and other therapeutic treatments aimed at ameliorating the effects of muscle loss associated with aging.
Equivalence checking between SLM and RTL using machine learning techniques (2016)

The growing complexity of modern digital design makes designers shift toward starting design exploration using high-level languages, and generating register transfer level (RTL) design from system level modeling (SLM) using high-level synthesis or manual transformation. Unfortunately, this translation process is very complex and may introduce bugs into the generated design. In this paper, we propose a novel SLM and RTL sequential equivalence checking method. The proposed method bases on Finite state machines with datapath (FSMD) equivalence checking method. The proposed method recognizes the corresponding path-pairs of FSMDs using machine learning (ML) technique from all the paths. And then it compares the corresponding path-pairs by symbolic simulation. The advantage of our method is that it separates the corresponding path-pairs from all the paths and avoids blind comparisons of path-pairs. Our method can deal with greatly different SLM and RTL designs and dramatically reduce the complexity of the path-based FSMD equivalence checking problem. The promising experimental results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Time in the Quantum Theory and the Uncertainty Relation for Time and Energy (1961)

Because time does not appear in Schr\"odinger's equation as an operator but only as a parameter, the time-energy uncertainty relation must be formulated in a special way. This problem has in fact been studied by many authors and we give a summary of their treatments. We then criticize the main conclusion of these treatments; viz., that in a measurement of energy carried out in a time interval, $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$, there must be a minimum uncertainty in the transfer of energy to the observed system, given by $\ensuremath{\Delta}({E}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}E)>~\frac{h}{\ensuremath{\Delta}t}$. We show that this conclusion is erroneous in two respects. First, it is not consistent with the general principles of the quantum theory, which require that all uncertainty relations be expressible in terms of the mathematical formalism, i.e., by means of operators, wave functions, etc. Secondly, the examples of measurement processes that were used to derive the above uncertainty relation are not general enough. We then develop a systematic presentation of our own point of view, with regard to the role of time in the quantum theory, and give a concrete example of a measurement process not satisfying the above uncertainty relation.
Spoken Content Retrieval: A Survey of Techniques and Technologies (2012)

Speech media, that is, digital audio and video containing spoken content, has blossomed in recent years. Large collections are accruing on the Internet as well as in private and enterprise settings. This growth has motivated extensive research on techniques and technologies that facilitate reliable indexing and retrieval. Spoken content retrieval (SCR) requires the combination of audio and speech processing technologies with methods from information retrieval (IR). SCR research initially investigated planned speech structured in document-like units, but has subsequently shifted focus to more informal spoken content produced spontaneously, outside of the studio and in conversational settings. This survey provides an overview of the field of SCR encompassing component technologies, the relationship of SCR to text IR and automatic speech recognition and user interaction issues. It is aimed at researchers with backgrounds in speech technology or IR who are seeking deeper insight on how these fields are integrated to support research and development, thus addressing the core challenges of SCR.
Molten-Salt Reactors—History, Status, and Potential (1970)

Molten-salt breeder reactors (MSBR’s) are being developed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for generating low-cost power while extending the nation’s resources of fissionable fuel. The fluid fuel in these reactors, consisting of UF4 and ThF4 dissolved in fluorides of beryllium and lithium, is circulated through a reactor core moderated by graphite. Technology developments over the past 20 years have culminated in the successful operation of the 8-MW(th) MoltenSalt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), and have indicated that operation with a molten fuel is practical, that the salt is stable under reactor conditions, and that corrosion is very low. Processing of the MSRE fuel has demonstrated the MSR processing associated with high-performance converters. New fuel processing methods under development should permit MSR’s to operate as economical breeders. These features, combined with high thermal efficiency (44%) and low primary system pressure, give MSR converters and breeders potentially favorable economic, fuel utilization, and safety characteristics. Further, these reactors can be initially fueled with 233U, 235U, or plutonium. The construction cost of an MSBR power plant is estimated to be about the same as that of light-water reactors. This could lend to power costs ~0.5 to 1.0 mill/kWh less than those for light-water reactors. Achievement of economic molten-salt breeder reactors requires the construction and operation of several reactors of increasing size and their associated processing plants.
Architectures for A/D conversion with optimal use of oversampling (2002)

In this paper we present new oversampled modulator architectures for A/D conversion. The objective is to obtain great simplification of the analog front-end circuits at the expense of a more complex digital signal processing for the bit stream decoding. The system can be segmented into a front-end block and a bitstream processor communicating through noise-immune signal lines. This makes possible the remote placement at the source site of a simple front-end circuit while preserving signal integrity.
The decomposition of 1-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine) in alkali: mechanism and products (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe decomposition of 1-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (zebularine) in alkali: mechanism and productsJoseph J. Barchi Jr., Steven Musser, and Victor E. MarquezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2, 536–541Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00028a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00028a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systematic evaluation of variability in ChIP-chip experiments using predefined DNA targets (2008)

The most widely used method for detecting genome-wide protein-DNA interactions is chromatin immunoprecipitation on tiling microarrays, commonly known as ChIP-chip. Here, we conducted the first objective analysis of tiling array platforms, amplification procedures, and signal detection algorithms in a simulated ChIP-chip experiment. Mixtures of human genomic DNA and "spike-ins" comprised of nearly 100 human sequences at various concentrations were hybridized to four tiling array platforms by eight independent groups. Blind to the number of spike-ins, their locations, and the range of concentrations, each group made predictions of the spike-in locations. We found that microarray platform choice is not the primary determinant of overall performance. In fact, variation in performance between labs, protocols, and algorithms within the same array platform was greater than the variation in performance between array platforms. However, each array platform had unique performance characteristics that varied with tiling resolution and the number of replicates, which have implications for cost versus detection power. Long oligonucleotide arrays were slightly more sensitive at detecting very low enrichment. On all platforms, simple sequence repeats and genome redundancy tended to result in false positives. LM-PCR and WGA, the most popular sample amplification techniques, reproduced relative enrichment levels with high fidelity. Performance among signal detection algorithms was heavily dependent on array platform. The spike-in DNA samples and the data presented here provide a stable benchmark against which future ChIP platforms, protocol improvements, and analysis methods can be evaluated.
Interleukin (IL)-17A Stimulates IL-8 Secretion, Cyclooxygensase-2 Expression, and Cell Proliferation of Endometriotic Stromal Cells (2007)

IL-17A is secreted from Th17 cells, a discovery leading to revision of the mechanism underlying the role of Th1/Th2 in the immune response. Strong evidence suggests that immune responses associated with inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In the present study, we first demonstrated that the presence of Th17 cells in peritoneal fluid of endometriotic women by flow cytometric analysis and IL-17A-positive cells in endometriotic tissues by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the role of IL-17A in the development of endometriosis, we then studied the effect of IL-17A on IL-8 production, cyclooxygensase-2 expression, and cell proliferation of cultured endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs). IL-17A enhanced IL-8 secretion from ESCs in a dose-dependent manner. The IL-17A-induced secretion of IL-8 from ESCs was suppressed by anti-IL-17 receptor A antibodies or inhibitors of p38 MAPK, p42/44 MAPK, and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Addition of TNFalpha synergistically increased IL-17A-induced IL-8 secretion from ESCs. IL-17A also enhanced the expression of cyclooxygensase-2 mRNA and proliferation of ESCs. IL-17A may play a role in the development of endometriosis by stimulating inflammatory responses and proliferation of ESCs.
Variability modeling to support customization and deployment of multi-tenant-aware Software as a Service applications (2009)

More and more companies are offering their software by following the Software as a Service (SaaS) model. The promise of the SaaS model is to exploit economies of scale on the provider side by hosting multiple customers (or tenants) on the same hardware and software infrastructure. However, to attract a significant number of tenants, SaaS applications have to be customizable to fulfill the varying functional and quality requirements of individual tenants. In this paper, we describe how variability modeling techniques from software product line engineering can support SaaS providers in managing the variability of SaaS applications and their requirements. Specifically, we propose using explicit variability models to systematically derive customization and deployment information for individual SaaS tenants. We also demonstrate how variability models could be used to systematically consider information about already deployed SaaS applications for efficiently deploying SaaS applications for new tenants. We illustrate our approach by a running example for a meeting planning application.
Evolution of Cyclophilin A and <i>TRIMCyp</i> Retrotransposition in New World Primates (2005)

Host cell factors modulate retroviral infections. Among those, cyclophilin A (CypA) promotes virus infectivity by facilitating virus uncoating or capsid unfolding or by preventing retroviral capsid interaction with cellular restriction factors. In Aotus species, a retrotransposed copy of CypA inserted into the tripartite motif 5 (TRIM5) gene encodes a fusion protein which may block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by targeting the incoming virus to ubiquitin-ligated degradation or by interfering with normal uncoating of the incoming particle, rendering those monkeys resistant to infection. In this study, we have extensively analyzed representative specimens from all New World primate genera and shown that the retrotransposed CypA copy is only present in Aotus. We have shown that this inserted copy diverged from its original counterpart and that this occurred prior to Aotus radiation, although no positive selection was observed. Finally, our data underscores the need for a precise taxonomic identification of primate species used as models for retroviral infections and novel antiviral approaches.