gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Ion Implantation Technology for Image Sensors † (2018)

Ion implantation technology is reviewed mainly from the viewpoint of image sensors, which play a significant role in implantation technology development. Image sensors are so sensitive to metal contamination that they can detect even one metal atom per pixel. To reduce the metal contamination, the plasma shower using RF (radio frequency) plasma generation is a representative example. The electrostatic angular energy filter after the mass analyzing magnet is a highly effective method to remove energetic metal contamination. The protection layer on the silicon is needed to protect the silicon wafer against the physisorbed metals. The thickness of the protection layer should be determined by considering the knock-on depth. The damage by ion implantation also causes blemishes. It becomes larger in the following conditions if the other conditions are the same; a. higher energy; b. larger dose; c. smaller beam size (higher beam current density); d. longer ion beam irradiation time; e. larger ion mass. To reduce channeling, the most effective method is to choose proper tilt and twist angles. For P⁺ pinning layer formation, the low-energy B⁺ implantation method might have less metal contamination and damage, compared with the BF₂⁺ method.
Probing Secondary Carbohydrate−Protein Interactions with Highly Dense Cyclodextrin-Centered Heteroglycoclusters:  The Heterocluster Effect (2005)

Comparison of the lectin-binding properties for highly dense beta-cyclodextrin-centered homo- and heteroglycoclusters with defined architecture provides evidence for the existence of strong synergic effects (heterocluster effect) on carbohydrate-protein recognition events.
Nonequilibrium solvent polarization in kinetics of S<sub>N</sub>2 reactions (2002)

Abstract The solvent effect on the experimental activation barriers for the reactions of methyl iodide with chloride and thiocyanate ions was analyzed according to the Marcus and Shaik theories, considering S N 2 mechanism in terms of a single electron shift. The linear increase in the solvent reorganization energy of the Marcus theory (after removing contributions from the specific solvation) with the solvent Pekar factor, describing the effect of the nonequilibrium solvent polarization, was observed for six aprotic solvents. The direct support of the title effect based on the Shaik theory was less evident; however, in general, the calculated activation barriers in 10 solvents change parallel with the experimental ones. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 61–66, 2003
Generalized Linear Mixed Models (2014)

Abstract Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are a class of models that incorporates random effects into the linear predictor of a generalized linear model (GLM). This allows the modeling of correlated data within the context of GLMs and greatly extends their breadth of applicability. They thus include both linear mixed models (LMMs) and GLMs as special cases.
New 1,4‐benzothiazepine derivative, K201, demonstrates cardioprotective effects against sudden cardiac cell death and intracellular calcium blocking action (1994)

Abstract In order to find drugs with suppressive effects against sudden cardiac cell death due to myofibrillar overcontraction, the cardioprotective effects of a new 1,4‐benzothiazepine derivative, 4‐[3‐{1‐(4‐benzyl)piperidinyl}propionyl]‐7‐methoxy‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐benzothiazepine, K201, in comparison with five other compounds, including a representative α‐antagonist, β‐antagonist, and Ca 2+ channel antagonists, were investigated in an experimental myofibrillar overcontraction model of isolated rat heart. In addition, the effects of K201 on the contraction of isolated vascular smooth muscle of rat aorta and on the binding of cardiac annexin V with actin were compared with those of diltiazem and KT362. The degree of myofibrillar overcontraction was histologically scored on a four‐grade scale (0, 1, 2, and 3) as myocardial injury score (MIS). Suppressive effects of myofibrillar overcontraction could not be observed with nicorandil and prazosin at 10 −5 M. Propranolol at 10 −5 M, verapamil at 10 −6 M, and diltiazem at 10 −6 M demonstrated a significant suppressive effect with MIS of 1.0 ± 0.4 ( P < 0.01), 1.5 ± 0.3 ( P < 0.01), and 1.5 ± 0.3 ( P < 0.01), respectively. K201, even at 10 −7 M, displayed significant suppression with MIS of 1.8 ± 0.2 ( P < 0.01). K201 inhibited contraction of isolated vascular muscle induced by K + (40 mM) and NE (1 μM) at almost the same concentration. The lC 50 ratio (NE/K + ) of K201 was 2.3. The inhibition by K201 of the response to K + was less marked than that by diltiazem. Its inhibition of the response to NE was greater than that by diltiazem or KT362. K201 demonstrated an inhibitory effect on binding of cardiac annexin V with actin dependent on calcium concentration, but diltiazem and KT362 did not demonstrate any action to inhibit this reaction. These results indicate that K201 was a more effective cardioprotectant than propranolol, verapamil, and diltiazem in the experimental myofibrillar overcontraction model. K201 has intracellular Ca 2+ blocking action in addition to weak α‐1 adrenergic blocking activity and Ca 2+ blocking activity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rapid, quantitative and inexpensive method for detecting apoptosis by flow cytometry in transiently transfected cells (1997)

We describe a rapid and quantitative flow cytometric method for determining the apoptotic or anti-apoptotic potential of a gene in various cell types. A plasmid carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) is co-transfected with an expression vector encoding the gene of interest. Subsequently cells are stained with propidium iodide and, utilising flow cytometry, transfected, GFP-expressing single cells are detected and apoptotic cells in this population are identified by their DNA content of <2 N. The method detects apoptosis as reliably as established methods using in situ nick-end labelling but is faster, easier and less expensive.
Benzoquinone imines. Part 14. The kinetics and mechanism of the coupling of p-benzoquinone monoimines with m-aminophenols (1978)

The coupling of p-benzoquinone monoimines with m-aminophenols involves rate-controlling electrophilic attack of the p-benzoquinone imine and/or its conjugate acid on the 4-carbon atom of the m-aminophenolate ion to give the corresponding aminodihydroxydiphenylamine. The latter undergoes rapid oxidation to afford the 2-aminoindo-phenol [2-amino-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-benzoquinone monoimine]. In concentrated solution, if the 2-amino-indophenol has no substituent in the 5-position, addition of p-aminophenols to give a trinuclear species occurs. The effect of methyl and chloro substituents on the reactivity of the imine and m-aminophenol, and on the spectrum of the 2-aminoindophenol are discussed.
The MerR-Like Transcriptional Regulator BrlR Contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Tolerance (2012)

Biofilms are composed of surface-attached microbial communities. A hallmark of biofilms is their profound tolerance of antimicrobial agents. While biofilm drug tolerance has been considered to be multifactorial, our findings indicate, instead, that bacteria within biofilms employ a classical regulatory mechanism to resist the action of antimicrobial agents. Here we report that the transcriptional regulator BrlR, a member of the MerR family of multidrug transport activators, plays a role in the high-level drug tolerance of biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Expression of brlR was found to be biofilm specific, with brlR inactivation not affecting biofilm formation, motility, or pslA expression but increasing ndvB expression. Inactivation of brlR rendered biofilms but not planktonic cells grown to exponential or stationary phase significantly more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide and five different classes of antibiotics by affecting the MICs and the recalcitrance of biofilms to killing by microbicidal antimicrobial agents. In contrast, overexpression of brlR rendered both biofilms and planktonic cells more tolerant to the same compounds. brlR expression in three cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates was elevated regardless of the mode of growth, suggesting a selection for constitutive brlR expression upon in vivo biofilm formation associated with chronic infections. Despite increased brlR expression, however, isolate CF1-8 was as susceptible to tobramycin as was a ΔbrlR mutant because of a nonsense mutation in brlR. Our results indicate for the first time that biofilms employ a specific regulatory mechanism to resist the action of antimicrobial agents in a BrlR-dependent manner which affects MIC and recalcitrance to killing by microbicidal antimicrobial agents.
Simulation of Head Injury Due to Combined Rotation and Translation of the Brain (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a mathematical model for head injury prediction based on the hypothesis that injury results from a combination of displacement and rotation of the brain inside the skull.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The model is a 12-degrees-of-freedom mechanical system consisting of masses, dashpots, and springs. The classical Lagrange's method is used informulating the equations of motion. Numerical integration is used to obtain their solution.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Constants for the elements of the model are obtained from published experimental measurements. Other lumped parameters which have not yet been measured are determined by adjusting them until a satisfactory agreement is obtained between the model's response and equivalent measured responses.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The frequency and time responses of the model, for a variety of loading conditions, are studied. Results show a good agreement between experimentally observed and mathematically generated responses. Quantitative validation of some responses was prevented for the lack of experimental measurements. Nevertheless, the model provides a way of using multiple injury criteria to estimate the injury potential of severe impact environments.</div>
Flow properties of molten ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer and melt fracture (1968)

Abstract In an investigation of the behavior and formation mechanism of melt fracture the flow properties of molten ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in the region of high shear rate were measured with a capillary‐type rheometer. EVA copolymer differs slightly in flow curve from low‐density polyethylene (LDPE); it seems, however, that the difference is due to the difference in molecular weight distribution (MWD) rather than to the materials themselves. The fluidity of molten EVA copolymer having a narrow MWD is equivalent to that of LDPE having a broad MWD and, generally, EVA copolymer has a higher fluidity than LDPE. It is expected that the fluidity increases with incorporation of vinyl acetate at the same MWD and the same M̄ w . The critical shear rate increases with melt index and temperature. It cannot be found that the materials themselves and the MWD directly influence the critical point of melt fracture formation when the melt index is taken as a parameter. The critical viscosity (η c ) at which melt fracture forms decreases in an almost straight line with an increase of melt index. It was found from the studies of end correction and behavior of melt fracture formation that melt fracture occurs at the inlet of the die, and it is supposed that the melt fracture formation is caused by the elastic turbulence in the flow pattern due to a failure of recoverable shear strain at the die inlet.
Cracking during Pyrolysis of Oxide Thin Films‐Phenomenology, Mechanisms, and Mechanics (1995)

Peer Reviewed
Test Clock Domain Optimization to Avoid Scan Shift Failure Due to Flip-Flop Simultaneous Triggering (2013)

This paper presents a design for testability technique to avoid scan shift failure due to flip-flop simultaneous triggering. The proposed technique changes test clock domains of flip-flops in the regions where severe IR-drop problems occur. A massive parallel algorithm using a graphic processor unit is adopted to speed up the IR-drop simulation during optimization. The experimental data on large benchmark circuits show that peak IR-drop values are reduced by 15% on average compared with the circuit after simple MD-SCAN partition. Our proposed technique quickly optimizes a half-million-gate design within two hours.
A Data Transfer Scheme Using Autonomous Clustering in VANETs Environment (2011)

An ad hoc network is a decentralized network that consists of mobile nodes with wireless communication devices without the aid of access points. A Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is one of the representative application of ad hoc networks. Epidemic Routing has been proposed as a routing protocol based on Store-Carry-Forward mechanism for VANETs environment. However, in Epidemic Routing, network resources such as packet buffer of a node are significantly consumed because data packets are spread across the network. Therefore, this paper proposes a new data forwarding scheme that combines Epidemic Routing and autonomous clustering for VANETs environment. The proposed scheme configures multiple clusters in the network and then only the cluster head that manages the cluster stores and forwards data packet to mitigate the consumption of network resources. Finally, this paper presents the simulation results to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
RESISTANCE OF THE ANTIBIOTIC TARGET SITE (1984)

Journal Article RESISTANCE OF THE ANTIBIOTIC TARGET SITE Get access PETER E REYNOLDS, MA PhD PETER E REYNOLDS, MA PhD Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 3–10, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071944 Published: 01 March 1984
Ontology based object learning and recognition (2005)

This thesis deals with the problem of complex object recognition. The proposed approach takes place in the conceptual framework of cognitive vision. This thesis shows how an object categorization system is set up in three phases. The knowledge acquisition phase consists of acquiring domain knowledge as a taxonomy/partonomy of domain classes. It also consists of acquiring the visual description of these domain classes. This description is driven by a visual concept ontology composed of several types of concepts (spatial concepts and relations, color concepts and texture concepts). Each visual concept of the ontology is associated with low-level features and algorithms. The visual concept ontology stands as a user-friendly interface between expert knowledge and image processing level. The learning phase results in a set of visual concept detectors. The role of a visual concept detector is to detect visual concepts used during knowledge acquisition in any image. A visual concept detector is obtained by training Support Vectors Machines with features extracted in segmented image samples labeled by visual concepts. The categorization phase uses both the acquired domain knowledge and the visual concept detectors obtained during the learning phase. Domain knowledge is used to generate hypotheses which have to be verified in the image by visual concept detection in automatically segmented images. The categorization result is composed of the objects recognized in the image with their visual description. The approach has been applied to the problem of semantic image indexing and retrieval.
Gas Chromatography/Electron-Capture Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry for the Quantitative Determination of 2- and 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Bovine Milk Fat (2008)

2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids (2- and 3-OH-FAs) are bioactive substances reported in sphingolipids and bacteria. Little is known of their occurrence in food. For this reason, a method suitable for the determination of OH-FAs at trace levels in bovine milk fat was developed. OH-FAs (and conventional fatty acids in samples) were converted into methyl esters and the hydroxyl group was derivatized with pentafluorobenzoyl (PFBO) chloride to give PFBO- O-FA methyl esters. These derivatives with strong electron affinity were determined by gas chromatography interfaced to mass spectrometry using electron-capture negative ion in the selected ion monitoring mode (GC/ECNI-MS-SIM). This method proved to be highly sensitive and selective for PFBO-O-FA methyl esters. For the analysis of samples, two internal standards were used. For this purpose, 9,10-dideutero-2-OH-18:0 methyl ester (ISTD-1) from 2-OH-18:1(9 c) methyl ester as well as the ethyl ester of 3-PFBO-O-12:0 (ISTD-2) was synthesized. ISTD-1 served as a recovery standard whereas ISTD-2 was used for GC/MS measurements. The whole-sample cleanup consisted of accelerated solvent extraction of dry bovine milk, addition of ISTD 1, saponification, conversion of fatty acids into methyl esters by use of boron trifluoride, separation of the methyl esters of OH-FAs from nonsubstituted FAs on activated silica, conversion of OH-FAs methyl esters into PFBO-O-FA methyl esters, addition of ISTD-2, and measurement by GC/ECNI-MS-SIM. By this method, ten OH-FAs were quantified in bovine milk fat with high precision in the range from 0.02 +/- 0.00 to 4.49 +/- 0.29 mg/100 g of milk fat.
Phase Behavior and Microstructure of Nonaqueous Microemulsions. 2 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Behavior and Microstructure of Nonaqueous Microemulsions. 2A. Martino and E. W. KalerCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 3, 779–784Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/la00003a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<title>Characteristics of thin-film-type Josephson junctions using Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Bi2Sr2CuOy/Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oz structure</title> (1991)

Investigation of sandwich-type Josephson junctions using a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Bi2Sr2CuOy/Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oz (BSCCO/BSCO/BSCCO) structure. The barrier layer (BSCO) has crystalline structure similar to that of superconducting electrodes (BSCCO). Moreover, the BSCO film was conductive even at 4.2 K. The junctions exhibited S/N/S type I-V characteristics. The clear Shapiro steps appeared
State of the art S-band resistive FET mixer design (2002)

The design of an S-band resistive MESFET mixer is presented. Contrary to other types of mixers where the predominant mixing element is a nonlinear device parameter, resistive FET mixers utilize the linear resistive channel of a device as the mixing element. The intermediate frequency (IF) is extracted at the drain with adequate filtering and impedance matching. With proper termination of all three ports of the device, an overall superior mixer performance was achieved compared to the Schottky barrier diode mixer. This state-of-the-art S-band resistive FET mixer with its low noise and high dynamic range finds wide applications in the wireless TV industry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
N-butyldeoxynojirimycin-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus entry correlates with impaired gp120 shedding and gp41 exposure (1996)

The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) is an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and HIV-induced syncytium formation in vitro. Although an NB-DNJ-mediated change in viral envelope N-glycan composition inhibits HIV entry at the level of post-CD4 binding, the exact mechanism of inhibition remains to be established. In this study we have examined the effects of NB-DNJ on virion envelope composition and CD4-induced gp120 shedding and gp41 exposure. Virion composition analysis revealed an NB-DNJ-mediated reduction of 15% in overall virion envelope glycoprotein content and a reduction of 26% in the proteolytic maturation of virion gp160. Taken together, these two effects resulted in a reduction of approximately 40% in virion gp120 content. CD4-induced shedding of gp120 from the surfaces of envelope-transfected Cos cells was undetectable when gp120 was expressed in the presence of NB-DNJ. Similarly, the shedding of virion-associated gp120 was reduced 7.4-fold. CD4-induced exposure of cryptic gp41 epitopes on the surfaces of HIV-expressing ACH-2 cells was also greatly impaired, and the exposure of virion-associated gp41 epitopes was reduced 4.0-fold. Finally, CD4-induced increases in the binding of antibodies to the V3 loop of ACH-2-cell-expressed envelope glycoproteins were reduced 25-fold when the glycoproteins were expressed in the presence of NB-DNJ. These results suggest that the NB-DNJ-mediated retention of glycosylated N-glycans inhibits HIV entry by a combined effect of a reduction in virion gp120 content and a qualitative defect within the remaining gp120, preventing it from undergoing conformational changes after CD4 binding.
iiQueue, a QoS-oriented queue module for input-buffered ATM switches (2002)

This paper discusses the principle of a versatile, 3-dimensional queue (3DQ) and its prototype implementation-illinois input Queue (iiQueue) module for input-buffered ATM switches. 3DQ uses pointers and linked lists to organize ATM cells into multiple virtual queues according to priority, destination, and virtual connection. It enforces per virtual connection Quality-of-Service (QoS) and avoids Head-Of-Line (HOL) blocking. Implemented with field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices for the core 3DQ logic on a 6-layer printed circuit board (PCB), iiQueue prototype module can process ATM cells at 622 Mb/s (OC-12). With multichip module (MCM) and fast GaAs logic implementation, iiQueue module is expected to process cells at 2.5 Gb/s (OC-48).
Serum Adenosine Deaminase: Isoenzymes and Diagnostic Application (1992)

Human adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) consists of three isoenzymes: ADA1, ADA1+CP, and ADA2. We developed an electrophoretic technique to distinguish between these three isoenzymes. The isoenzyme pattern was studied in tissue and cell homogenates, as well as in serum from normal subjects and from patients with increased serum ADA who had either hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The highest ADA activity was found in lymphocytes and monocytes. ADA2 could be detected only in monocytes (18% of total ADA activity). It was also the predominant isoenzyme in the sera of controls and all disease groups, except for ALL--the only condition evaluated that is not of an inflammatory nature. We conclude that serum ADA reflects monocyte/macrophage activity or turnover in most diseases studied. The exception is ALL, where serum ADA most probably originates from lymphocyte precursors.