gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VHSIC phase 2 test requirements for the depot (2003)

The recently released Phase 2 very high speed integrated circuits (VHSIC) standards show that VHSIC will operate up to 100 MHz. The author examines the ATE (automatic test equipment) test capability that will be required for these high-performance digital circuits and whether new ATE capability will be required or whether present technology will be sufficient. His analysis shows that using the VHSIC Phase 2 interface buses (PI bus, TM-bus, and ETM-bus) and maximizing the use of system/module/IC built-in-test, a 25-MHz tester can satisfy depot test requirements. In addition, bus interface circuits designed to emulate the internal/external event-driven VHSIC bus protocols at operational speeds facilitate this concept.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation and function of root exudates (2009)

Root-secreted chemicals mediate multi-partite interactions in the rhizosphere, where plant roots continually respond to and alter their immediate environment. Increasing evidence suggests that root exudates initiate and modulate dialogue between roots and soil microbes. For example, root exudates serve as signals that initiate symbiosis with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, root exudates maintain and support a highly specific diversity of microbes in the rhizosphere of a given particular plant species, thus suggesting a close evolutionary link. In this review, we focus mainly on compiling the information available on the regulation and mechanisms of root exudation processes, and provide some ideas related to the evolutionary role of root exudates in shaping soil microbial communities.
Hemoglobinopathies: Community Clues to Mutation Detection (2003)

The hemoglobinopathies are a diverse group of inherited recessive disorders consisting of the structural hemoglobin variants and the thalassemias. They can occur at very high carrier frequencies in the malarious regions of the world and are regionally specific, with each population having a unique combination of structural variants and thalassemia mutations. Therefore, knowledge of the ethnic origin of a patient is usually essential for the quick identification of the underlying molecular defect(s) in the globin genes.
A Wireless Reflectance Pulse Oximeter With Digital Baseline Control for Unfiltered Photoplethysmograms (2011)

Pulse oximeters are central to the move toward wearable health monitoring devices and medical electronics either hosted by, e.g., smart phones or physically embedded in their design. This paper presents a small, low-cost pulse oximeter design appropriate for wearable and surface-based applications that also produces quality, unfiltered photo-plethysmograms (PPGs) ideal for emerging diagnostic algorithms. The design's "filter-free" embodiment, which employs only digital baseline subtraction as a signal compensation mechanism, distinguishes it from conventional pulse oximeters that incorporate filters for signal extraction and noise reduction. This results in high-fidelity PPGs with thousands of peak-to-peak digitization levels that are sampled at 240 Hz to avoid noise aliasing. Electronic feedback controls make these PPGs more resilient in the face of environmental changes (e.g., the device can operate in full room light), and data stream in real time across either a ZigBee wireless link or a wired USB connection to a host. On-board flash memory is available for store-and-forward applications. This sensor has demonstrated an ability to gather high-integrity data at fingertip, wrist, earlobe, palm, and temple locations from a group of 48 subjects (20 to 64 years old).
Control of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation by p63 (2007)

The p53 family member p63 has been implicated in both the development and maintenance of stratified epithelial tissues, including the epidermis. Increasing data support p63 function in the regenerative capacity of basal keratinocytes by maintaining cell proliferation. Recent studies further suggest this regulation relies on inhibition of p53 activity. In addition, p63 appears to exert separate control over epidermal differentiation, which may involve control of such key signaling molecules as IKKalpha and Notch. While studies over the past decade have greatly expanded our knowledge of p63 function, much remains to be understood regarding how p63 regulates epidermal homeostasis. Future efforts to identify and validate direct p63 target genes as well as to understand the expression and function of individual p63 isoforms will be important to further define how p63 functions in the control of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.
Anti–Escherichia coli asparaginase antibody levels determine the activity of second-line treatment with pegylated E coli asparaginase: a retrospective analysis within the ALL-BFM trials (2011)

Hypersensitivity reactions limit the use of the antileukemic enzyme asparaginase (ASE). We evaluated Ab levels against Escherichia coli ASE and ASE activity in 1221 serum samples from 329 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had received ASE treatment according to the ALL-BFM 2000 or the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 protocol for primary or relapsed disease. ASE activity during first-line treatment with native E coli ASE and second-line treatment with pegylated E coli ASE was inversely related to anti-E coli ASE Ab levels (P < .0001; Spearman rank order correlation). An effect on ASE activity during second-line treatment with pegylated E coli ASE was, however, only observed when anti-E coli ASE Ab levels were high (> 200 AU/mL). In the presence of moderate or intermediate Ab levels (6.25-200 AU/mL) the switch from native to pegylated E coli ASE resulted in a significant increase of ASE activity above the threshold of 100 U/L (P < .05). Erwinia chrysanthemi ASE activity was not correlated with anti-E coli ASE Ab levels. Erwinia ASE was found to be the best ASE alternative if Ab levels against E coli ASE exceed 200 AU/mL. This retrospective analysis is the first to describe the relationship between the level of anti-E coli ASE Abs and serum activity of pegylated E coli ASE used second-line after native E coli ASE.
Polarization analysis in magnetic x-ray scattering using 45° linearly polarized x-ray incident beam (abstract) (1992)

An instrument for polarization analysis in magnetic x-ray scattering is now being commissioned. Its side view is shown in Fig. 1, and inserts in the figure show the polarization state of x rays at various spots. This system adopts no flipping of the magnetic field over a hard magnetic material which needs large saturation magnetization. Its basic components are (a) a polarizer monochromator which converts the horizontal polarization into 45° one, (b) a two-axis diffractometer having a magnet for a sample, and (c) a polarization analyzer crystal. Furthermore, the magnet accommodates a cryostat for cooling a sample and a solid state detector covered with a magnetic shield cap for measuring fluorescent x rays. The electric vector of linearly polarized x rays is rotated through scattering from a magnetic sample because both magnetic scattering amplitudes, σ0 to σf and π0 to πf, are different from those of the electric one. It will be therefore possible to investigate the spin-resolved unoccupied density of states by analyzing polarization of the magnetically scattered x rays. Polarization analysis of a Gd metal at L edges is now under way.
An Open Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe for Integrated Electronic Cooling Applications (2014)

Increasing trends toward integrated power electronic systems demand advancements in novel, efficient thermal management solutions to cope with the increasing the power density. This paper investigates the performance of a novel open loop pulsating heat pipe embedded in an FR4 organic substrate. The heat pipe is comprised of 26 parallel minichannels, 13 turns with an average hydraulic diameter of 1.7 mm and maximum surface roughness of 2.5 μm. The bulk thermal performance of three saturated working fluids—Novec 649, Novec 7200 and Ethanol (99.8%)—is investigated in terms of fill ratio, three angles of orientation, and applied heat fluxes ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 W/cm2 at subambient pressures. Novec 649 achieved quasi-stable pulsations at lower heat fluxes compared to Novec 7200 and Ethanol (99.8%). In addition, the dielectric Novec 649 fluid showed significant potential for integrated heat spreading applications demonstrating heat transfer of up to 176 W and thermal resistances as low as 0.25 °C/W for a filling ratio of 30%—16 times greater than that of a standard dry FR4 substrate
Multiparametric analysis (SAMBA 200) of the progesterone receptor immunocytochemical assay in nonmalignant and malignant breast disorders. (1988)

An immunocytochemical assay using monoclonal anti-progesterone receptor (PR-ICA) was performed in nonmalignant (N = 57) and malignant (N = 200) breast disorders. The results were analyzed with a computerized system of image analysis referred to as SAMBA and correlated with binding assays (DCC), and with standard histopathologic findings. It was shown that there was a correlation between 1) the PR-ICA and the binding assays (91.5%), and 2) between the binding assays and the multiparametric computerized (SAMBA) analysis of the PR-ICA. It was also shown that SAMBA provides an accurate, reliable, and reproducible evaluation of PR-ICA that is complementary to binding assays and constitutes a standardized method of evaluating the heterogeneity of the progesterone receptor (PR) distribution in tumors. It is concluded that SAMBA analysis of both the PR-ICA and estrogen receptor (ER-ICA) should improve the prognostic evaluation and the prediction of responsiveness to endocrine therapy in breast carcinomas.
Generative Adversarial Networks With Comprehensive Wavelet Feature for Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits (2020)

Analog circuits are one of the most commonly used components in industrial equipment. Circuit failure may lead to significant causalities and even enormous financial losses. To cope with this problem, a novel deep learning strategy based on the cross-wavelet transform (XWT) and generative adversarial networks (GANs) is proposed for analog-circuit fault diagnosis. Different from the traditional methods that simply apply the amplitude characteristic on the time-frequency plane, XWT is applied to obtain the spectral images of the fault signals that can be used to capture the comprehensive features with the involvement of the amplitude, phase, and coherence characteristics. Furthermore, a data-regularization trick is employed on these spectral images to construct three-channel feature images data. The input data can reflect the complex relationship effectively between the measured signals and the feature space, with abundant information of multiple domains on the time-frequency plane. Finally, the different distributions for various fault conditions can be learned by the proposed GAN. The adversarial training manner of the generative network and the discriminative network of the GAN can not only mine the complex nonlinear relationship between the root cause of the failure and the signal signature but also alleviate the problem of overfitting that is caused by the limited availability of the training samples. Furthermore, we expand the GAN to a supervised classifier with the coordinative usage of two auxiliary classifiers, and two convolution neural networks are adopted to establish the basic structure of the proposed model. The comparisons of classification performance with other methods indicate that the proposed approach has good potential for analog-circuit fault diagnosis.
Home shopping on the broadband network: performance considerations (2002)

The paper describes the basic requirements of an interactive home shopping application designed for broadband networks. It describes some of the application and network performance issues that network architects, application designers and media providers should consider during development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Breaking Into the KeyStore: A Practical Forgery Attack Against Android KeyStore. (2016)

We analyze the security of Android KeyStore, a system service whose purpose is to shield users credentials and cryptographic keys. The KeyStore protects the integrity and the confidentiality of keys by using a particular encryption scheme. Our main results are twofold. First, we formally prove that the used encryption scheme does not provide integrity, which means that an attacker is able to undetectably modify the stored keys. Second, we exploit this flaw to define a forgery attack breaching the security guaranteed by the KeyStore. In particular, our attack allows a malicious application to make mobile apps to unwittingly perform secure protocols using weak keys. The threat is concrete: the attacker goes undetected while compromising the security of users. Our findings highlight an important fact: intuition often goes wrong when security is concerned. Unfortunately, system designers still tend to choose cryptographic schemes not for their proved security but for their apparent simplicity. We show, once again, that this is not a good choice, since it usually results in severe consequences for the whole underlying system.
Histological changes in dunning prostate tumors and testes of rats treated with LH‐RH antagonist SB‐75 (1991)

Rats bearing Dunning R-3327 hormone-dependent prostate tumors were treated with LH-RH antagonist SB-75 in the form of microcapsules for sustained delivery administered every 3 weeks and which released 24, 48, 72 micrograms/day respectively. The effects were compared with those of microcapsules of the agonist D-Trp-6-LH-RH releasing 25 micrograms/day. Both types of LH-RH analogs significantly inhibited tumor growth over a period of treatment lasting 8 weeks. The effect of SB-75 was dose-dependent. The total inhibition of spermatogenesis, as well as atrophic signs in the prostate and seminal vesicles, demonstrated a marked suppression of the pituitary-gonadal system by these analogs. The histological signs of tumor regression were analyzed. The vascular content of tumors did not change after the treatments, but an increased amount of connective tissue was found in the treated tumors, especially after administration of SB-75. Both the agonist and the antagonist caused a moderate decrease of the number of mitotic cells and a marked increase of apoptosis in the tumors. The apoptotic index, i.e. the percentage of tumorous glands showing signs of apoptosis, reached 40-50% in treated groups, compared to only 15% in controls. An apoptotic index of 60% was noted in a separate group of rats treated with 200 micrograms SB-75/animal/day for 3 days. The signs of enhanced apoptosis disappeared 1 week after the short-term treatment. The induction of apoptosis by LH-RH analogs seemed to be of greater importance in tumor growth inhibition than their antimitotic effect. These results extend our previous observations on the efficacy of LH-RH antagonists in inhibition of various cancers. This histopathologic evaluation clearly supports our contention that modern antagonists of LH-RH, free of edematogenic effects, inhibit the growth of Dunning prostate tumors. Because of the immediate inhibitory effects, the use of LH-RH antagonists might lead to an improvement in the clinical response in patients with prostate cancer.
Control of variable speed wind turbines: Design task (2000)

Owing to concern over the environment, there is much interest in renewable sources of electrical power generation, of which one of the most promising is wind power. There are essentially two types of wind turbines, namely constant speed and variable speed machines. In comparison to constant speed wind turbines, variable speed wind turbines are perceived to have several potential advantages which outweigh the considerable cost of the power electronics required to realize variable speed operation. The two frequently mentioned ones are: additional energy capture below rated wind speed and additional power-train compliance and associated load alleviation above rated wind speed. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the design of the control system (as opposed to the synthesis of the controller) for variable speed wind turbines. The choice of control strategy is investigated and appropriate realizations of the controller, to cater for the implementation issues of accommodation of variation in the plant dynamics over the operational envelope and switching transients, are identified. A thorough investigation of the dynamics and control of both stall regulated and pitch regulated variable speed machines is undertaken.
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Development of Nephropathy (2015)

Janssen Scientific Affairs.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in childhood: a retrospective analysis of 110 cases. European Working Group on Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Childhood (EWOG-MDS) (1997)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare hematopoietic malignancy of childhood. To define the clinical and hematologic characteristics of the disease, we performed a retrospective analysis of 110 children given the diagnosis CMML irrespective of karyotype. Median age at diagnosis was 1.8 years. Neurofibromatosis type 1 was known in 14% and other clinical abnormalities in 7% of the children. At presentation, the medium white blood count was 35 x 10(9)/L, with a median monocyte count of 7 x 10(9)/L. Karyotypic abnormalities in bone marrow cells were noted in 36% of the patients, whereas 26% of the children had monosomy 7. Children with monosomy 7 did not differ from those with normal karyotype with respect to their clinical presentation. However, they did display some characteristic hematologic features. Of 110 children, 38 received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). The probability of survival at 10 years was 0.39 (standard error [SE] = 0.10) for the BMT group and 0.06 (SE = 0.4) for the 72 patients of the non-BMT group. Platelet count, age, and hemoglobin F at diagnosis were the main predicting factors for the length of survival in the non-BMT group. There is a strong need for a broad agreement on nomenclature in children with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We propose here to use the French-American-British classification for MDS in childhood.
Identification and <i>Ds</i>‐tagged isolation of a new gene at the <i>Cf‐4</i> locus of tomato involved in disease resistance to <i>Cladosporium fulvum</i> race 5 (1998)

Leaf mould disease in tomato is caused by the biotrophic fungus Cladosporium fulvum. An Ac/Ds targeted transposon tagging strategy was used to isolate the gene conferring resistance to race 5 of C. fulvum, a strain expressing the avirulence gene Avr4. An infection assay of 2-week-old seedlings yielded five susceptible mutants, of which two had a Ds element integrated in the same gene at different positions. This gene, member of a gene family, showed high sequence homology to the C. fulvum resistance genes Cf-9 and Cf-2. The gene is predicted to encode an extracellular transmembrane protein containing a divided domain of 25 leucine-rich repeats. Three mutants exhibited a genomic deletion covering most of the Lycopersicon hirsutum introgressed segment, including the Cf-4 locus. Southern blot analysis revealed that this deletion includes the tagged gene and five homologous sequences. To test whether the tagged gene confers resistance to C. fulvum via Avr4 recognition, the Avr4 gene was expressed in planta. Surprisingly, expression of the Avr4 gene still triggered a specific necrotic response in the transposon-tagged plants, indicating that the tagged resistance gene is not, or is not the only gene, involved in Avr4 recognition. Mutants harbouring the genomic deletion did not show this Avr4-specific response. The deleted segment apparently contains, in addition to the tagged gene, one or more other genes, which play a role in the Avr4 responses. The tagged gene is present at the Cf-4 locus, but it does not necessarily recognize Avr4 and is therefore designated Cf-4A.
2-Amino-6-nitro-1<i>H</i>-benzoimidazol-3-ium chloride (2009)

In the cation of the title compound, C(7)H(7)N(4)O(2) (+)·Cl(-), the benzimidazole ring system is planar with a maximum deviation of -0.019 (3) Å. In the crystal structure, C-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯Cl, and N-H⋯Cl inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network. π-π contacts between benzimidazole rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.928 (1) and 3.587 (1) Å] may further stabilize the structure.
Nebulisation of Receptor-Targeted Nanocomplexes for Gene Delivery to the Airway Epithelium (2011)

RTNs showed their ability at delivering genes via nebulisation, thus suggesting their potential applications for therapeutic interventions of cystic fibrosis and other respiratory disorders.
A Survey of Repair Analysis Algorithms for Memories (2016)

Current rapid advancements in deep submicron technologies have enabled the implementation of very large memory devices and embedded memories. However, the memory growth increases the number of defects, reducing the yield and reliability of such devices. Faulty cells are commonly repaired by using redundant cells, which are embedded in memory arrays by adding spare rows and columns. The repair process requires an efficient redundancy analysis (RA) algorithm. Spare architectures for the repair of faulty memory include one-dimensional (1D) spare architectures, two-dimensional (2D) spare architectures, and configurable spare architectures. Of these types, 2D spare architectures, which prepare extra rows and columns for repair, are popular because of their better repairing efficiency than 1D spare architectures and easier implementation than configurable spare architectures. However, because the complexity of the RA is NP-complete, the RA algorithm should consider various factors in order to determine a repair solution. The performance depends on three factors: analysis time, repair rate, and area overhead. In this article, we survey RA algorithms for memory devices as well as built-in repair algorithms for improving these performance factors. Built-in redundancy analysis techniques for emergent three-dimensional integrated circuits are also discussed. Based on this analysis, we then discuss future research challenges for faulty-memory repair studies.
Desaminierungsreaktionen, 39. Zerfall von 1‐Methylnorbornan‐2‐diazonium‐Ionen (1983)

Abstract Desaminierungen von 1‐Methyl‐ exo ‐2‐norbornylamin ( 19 ) und der epimeren 2‐Methyl‐2‐norbornylamine ( 32, 34 ) mit salpetriger Säure in Wasser ergaben ausschließlich endo ‐2‐Methyl‐ exo ‐2‐norbornanol ( 42a ). Im Gegensatz dazu lieferte 1‐Methyl‐ endo ‐2‐norbornylamin ( 23 ) neben 42a auch 2‐Methylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐2‐ol ( 13a , 20%) und 1‐Methyl‐ endo ‐2‐norbornanol ( 14a , 17%). Die Bildung von Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanderivaten 13 wurde durch bessere Nucleophile verstärkt, wie die Photolyse von 1‐Methyl‐2‐norbornanon‐tosylhydrazon ( 35 ) in Methanol/Methylat und in Gegenwart von Lithiumazid zeigte. 14 und (teilweise) 13 werden von dem 7‐verbrückten 1‐Methylnorbornylkation ( 10 ) abgeleitet. Ein erheblicher Anteil von 13 stammt aus dem offenen 2‐Methylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptylkation 12 . Die Beiträge von 10 und 12 wurden mit Hilfe einer 3‐D 2 ‐Markierung aufgeklärt. Einführung einer exo ‐3‐Methylgruppe ( 48 , 50 ) fördert die Beteiligung der C‐1–C‐7‐Bindung und macht die Kationen 57 und 61 zu vorherrschenden Zwischenstufen. Weniger polare Lösungsmittel (Eisessig, 2‐Ethylhexansäure) bewirkten Änderungen der Produktverteilung, die auf zunehmende Verdrängung der Abgangsgruppe durch das Lösungsmittel ( K s ) und auf Ionenpaar‐Prozesse zurückgeführt werden.