gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive and hypolipidemic effect of milk fermented by specific Lactococcus lactis strains (2013)

The antihypertensive and hypolipidemic effects of milk fermented by specific Lactococcus lactis strains in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The SHR were fed ad libitum milk fermented by Lc. lactis NRRL B-50571, Lc. lactis NRRL B-50572, Captopril (40mg/kg of body weight, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO) or purified water for 4 wk. Results suggested that Lc. lactis fermented milks presented a significant blood pressure-lowering effect. No significant difference was noted among milk fermented by Lc. lactis NRRL B-50571 and Captopril by the second and third week of treatment. Additionally, milk fermented by Lc. lactis strains modified SHR lipid profiles. Milk fermented by Lc. lactis NRRL B-50571 and B-50572 were able to reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride contents. Thus, milk fermented by Lc. lactis strains may be a coadjuvant in the reduction of hypertension and hyperlipidemia and may be used as a functional food for better cardiovascular health.
Fluorescence of Fe, Co, and Ni in Reduced Germanate Glass (1968)

Red fluorescence has been observed in a reduced germanate glass doped with iron, cobalt, and nickel. The reduced, undoped glass also fluoresced in the red. There was a strong concentration dependence of the fluorescence intensity and quantum efficiency. The fluorescent center appears to be associated with oxygen vacancy in the host.
Successful use of transvenous coil electrodes as single element subcutaneous array leads (2009)

For implantable cardioverter defibrillator a 10 J safety margin between the defibrillation threshold (DFT) and the maximum output of the device is intended. In complex cases, the additional placement of a subcutaneous array lead is a common strategy for lowering the DFT. We report the successful use of transvenous coil electrodes as single element subcutaneous array leads in order to lower the DFT.
Efficacy of Constructed Wetlands in Pesticide Removal from Tailwaters in the Central Valley, California (2009)

Pollutants in agricultural irrigation return flow (tailwater) constitute a significant nonpoint source of pollution in intensive agricultural regions such as the Central Valley of California. Constructed wetlands (CWs) represent a feasible mitigation option to remove pollutants including pesticides in the tailwater. In this study, we evaluated two CWs in the Central Valley for their performance in removing pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides under field-scale production conditions. Both CWs were found to be highly effective in reducing pyrethroid concentrations in the tailwater, with season-average concentration reductions ranging from 52 to 94%. The wetlands also reduced the flow volume by 68-87%, through percolation and evapotranspiration. When both concentration and volume reductions were considered, the season-average removal of pyrethroids ranged from 95 to 100%. The primary mechanism for pyrethroid removal was through sedimentation of pesticide-laden particles, which was influenced by hydraulic residence time and vegetation density. Temporal analysis indicates a potential efficiency threshold during high flow periods. The season-average removal of chlorpyrifos ranged 52-61%. The wetlands, however, were less effective at removing diazinon, likely due to its limited sorption to sediment particles. Analysis of pesticide partitioning showed that pyrethroids were enriched on suspended particles in the tailwater. Monitoring of pesticide association with suspended solids and bed sediments suggested an increased affinity of pyrethroids for lighter particles with the potential to move further downstream before subject to sedimentation. Results from this study show that flow-through CWs, when properly designed, are an effective practice for mitigating hydrophobic pesticides in the irrigation tailwater.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (1987)

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a syndrome of burning pain, hyperesthesia, swelling, hyperhidrosis, and trophic changes in the skin and bone of the affected extremity. It is precipitated by a wide variety of factors in addition to nerve injury. It occurs outside of dermatomal distributions and can spread to involve other extremities without new injury. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, but roentgenography, scintigraphy, and sympathetic blockade can help to confirm the diagnosis. The most successful therapies are directed toward blocking the sympathetic innervation to the affected extremity, in conjunction with physical therapy. The theories proposed to explain the pathophysiology of reflex sympathetic dystrophy include "reverberating circuits" in the spinal cord that are triggered by intense pain, ephaptic transmission between sympathetic efferents and sensory afferents, and the presence of ectopic pacemakers in an injured nerve.
A Place for Both Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered Instruction (1972)

(1972). A Place for Both Student-Centered and Teacher-Centered Instruction. School Health Review: Vol. 3, Health Education in the Inner City, pp. 34-37.
A New Family of Positive Electron Beam Resists—Poly(Olefin Sulfones) (1973)

Poly(olefin sulfones) have been shown to represent a new class of positive electron beam resists exhibiting sensitivities in the region of coulombs cm−2. Processing variables have been evaluated and exposure characteristics determined. These materials can be used in two development modes, (i) as a conventional solvent‐developed system and (ii) as a system which self develops during e‐beam irradiation by depolymerization followed by vaporization. Limitations of this "vapor development" process are discussed.
Double Focusing with Wedge-Shaped Magnetic Fields (1951)

Geometric focusing in two directions for charged particles of a single energy is produced with a wedge-shaped magnetic field. The uniform field in the gap focuses in the plane of the pole faces, while the fringe fields focus perpendicular to the pole faces. With a single wedge the energy dispersion is too large for the weak electron intensities available with our source; i.e., for are asonable size slit at the collector only a narrow energy width and, thus, a small number of electrons is accepted. With the use of two wedge-shaped fields the energy dispersion can take a wide range of values, even zero in the first order. General formulas for either one or two magnet systems are derived for the focusing conditions, the energy dispersion, the second-order beam spread, and the effect of source width. These formulas are then applied to two special cases from which practically all design requirements can be obtained. Finally, a design is recommended for which the following requirements are fulfilled : five percent energy spread in an inch collector slit, large angular collection, and the same size source and collector slits.
Enhancement of spectral resolution and optical rejection ratio of Brillouin optical spectral analysis using polarization pulling (2012)

High-resolution, wide-bandwidth optical spectrum analysis is essential to the measuring and monitoring of advanced optical, millimeter-wave, and terahertz communication systems, sensing applications and device characterization. One category of high-resolution spectrum analyzers reconstructs the power spectral density of a signal under test by scanning a Brillouin gain line across its spectral extent. In this work, we enhance both the resolution and the optical rejection ratio of such Brillouin-based spectrometers using a combination of two techniques. First, two Brillouin loss lines are superimposed upon a central Brillouin gain to reduce its bandwidth. Second, the vector attributes of stimulated Brillouin scattering amplification in standard, weakly birefringent fibers are used to change the signal state of polarization, and a judiciously aligned output polarizer discriminates between amplified and un-amplified spectral contents. A frequency resolution of 3 MHz, or eight orders of magnitude below the central optical frequency, is experimentally demonstrated. In addition, a weak spectral component is resolved in the presence of a strong adjacent signal, which is 30 dB stronger and detuned by only 60 MHz. The measurement method involves low-bandwidth direct detection, and does not require heterodyne beating. The measurement range of the proposed method is scalable to cover the C + L bands, depending on the tunable pump source. The accuracy of the measurements requires that the pump frequencies are well calibrated.
Simulation and Optimization of the Power Station Coal-Fired Logistics System Based on Witness Simulation Software (2008)

Based on analyzing characteristics and relations of the power station coal-fired logistics system, including the choice of coal suppliers, the railroad transport system, the power station stockpile system, the power station coal transfer system and human resources, by Witness software the thesis sets up a simulation and optimization model of fuel coal logistics system and analyzes one example in detail. The model results not only macroscopically image bottleneck points and resources availability, but define optima separate stage ordering goods batches and stockpile quantities. The thesis is powerful and significant for thermal power station to establish scientific reasonable logistics system strategies, reduce the cost and increase competition ability.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Risk Genes Identified by Multigene Hereditary Cancer Panel Testing (2018)

Multigene hereditary cancer panel testing can identify women with elevated risk of TNBC due to mutations in BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D. These women can potentially benefit from improved screening, risk management, and cancer prevention strategies. Patients with mutations may also benefit from specific targeted therapeutic strategies.
Restoration Method for Fiber Bundle Microscopy Using Interpolation Based on Overlapping Self-Shifted Images (2013)

A method for restoring fiber bundle microscopy incorporating honeycomb artifact is demonstrated based on interpolating pixels using overlapped images. The imaging result with biological specimen shows improved image quality with minimally degraded sharpness as well.
Sequencing membrane proteins by tandem mass spectrometry (1993)

Abstract Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an attractive technique for sequencing membrane proteins because it can be applied to peptides in mixtures that are difficult to separate chromatographically. To evaluate the suitability of MS/MS sequencing for membrane proteins and to develop protocols for the preparation of the cleaved peptides, we employed the well characterized apoproteins of bacteriorhodopsin and bovine rhodopsin, i.e. bacterioopsin and opsin, respectively. Without separation, nine out of ten peptides resulting from cyanogen bromide cleavage of bacterioopsin were detected by fast atom bombardment MS, the single undetected fragment being a tetrapeptide that was presumably hidden in the low‐ m / z matrix background. Furthermore, MS/MS was used to confirm the sequence of all the peptides detected with m / z values below 3.5 kDa (40% of the protein). Bovine opsin was analyzed in a similar fashion. Tandem MS/MS has thus allowed the sequencing of substantial portions of two integral membrane proteins by the analysis of unseparated peptide mixtures, demonstrating for the first time that this technique can obviate some of the most serious difficulties associated with sequencing membrane proteins, namely the difficult‐to‐achieve separation of the ‘sticky’ peptide fragments.
A simplified model predictive control for open-winding PMSM (2017)

This paper proposes a simplified model predictive control (MPC) for open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM) system with two isolated power sources. According to the relationship between the torque and flux in PMSM, the two control constraints, torque and flux, in conventional MPC are converted into an equivalent flux vector, which eliminates the weighting factor in the cost function. In addition, in order to reduce the computational burden of the conventional MPC, an improved prediction algorithm and a novel voltage selection scheme are proposed to select the optimal voltage vector using twice evaluation. Simulation results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Characterization of a promonocyte clone chronically infected with HIV and inducible by 13-phorbol-12-myristate acetate. (1988)

The present study has investigated the effect of PMA, an inducer of monocyte differentiation, on HIV expression in a chronically infected promonocyte clone. After acute HIV infection of U937 cells, clones that constitutively expressed varying levels of HIV were isolated by limiting dilution. One clone (U1) produced low levels of HIV but was found to increase its production 20-fold after PMA induction, as detected by reverse transcriptase or A capture. Further characterization of U1 indicated that PMA could induce cellular differentiation and maturation in the clone similar to that in uninfected U937 cells. In addition, functional studies revealed that superoxide anion production from the U1 clone was not different from that of uninfected U937 cells. Electron microscopic studies of U1 indicated that PMA induced endocytotic vesicles containing many HIV particles. These studies provide a model at the clonal level to 1) examine latency or chronicity of HIV infection in monocytes and 2) delineate the signals required for conversion to high level viral expression.
The electric field near human skin wounds declines with age and provides a noninvasive indicator of wound healing (2011)

Due to the transepidermal potential of 15-50 mV, inside positive, an injury current is driven out of all human skin wounds. The flow of this current generates a lateral electric field within the epidermis that is more negative at the wound edge than at regions more lateral from the wound edge. Electric fields in this region could be as large as 40 mV/mm, and electric fields of this magnitude have been shown to stimulate human keratinocyte migration toward the wounded region. After flowing out of the wound, the current returns through the space between the epidermis and stratum corneum, generating a lateral field above the epidermis in the opposite direction. Here, we report the results from the first clinical trial designed to measure this lateral electric field adjacent to human skin wounds noninvasively. Using a new instrument, the Dermacorder®, we found that the mean lateral electric field in the space between the epidermis and stratum corneum adjacent to a lancet wound in 18-25-year-olds is 107-148 mV/mm, 48% larger on average than that in 65-80-year-olds. We also conducted extensive measurements of the lateral electric field adjacent to mouse wounds as they healed and compared this field with histological sections through the wound to determine the correlation between the electric field and the rate of epithelial wound closure. Immediately after wounding, the average lateral electric field was 122 ± 9 mV/mm. When the wound is filled in with a thick, disorganized epidermal layer, the mean field falls to 79 ± 4 mV/mm. Once this epidermis forms a compact structure with only three cell layers, the mean field is 59 ± 5 mV/mm. Thus, the peak-to-peak spatial variation in surface potential is largest in fresh wounds and slowly declines as the wound closes. The rate of wound healing is slightly greater when wounds are kept moist as expected, but we could find no correlation between the amplitude of the electric field and the rate of wound healing.
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4 (2006)

Hardness is a widely reported mechanical property for materials. Aluminum oxynitride (A1ON) and magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) are two important materials for some U.S. Army applications since they can be transparent in their polycrystalline form. In many of these military applications, harder materials tend to perform better, hence it is necessary to properly measure and compare hardness values of competing materials. Measuring the hardness of most ceramics is straightforward, but comparing the hardness data for different ceramics can be complicated due to the well-known indentation size effect (ISE). This report describes the determination of the Vickers hardness-load curves for transparent A1ON and MgA12O4 in a load range between 0.98 and 19 N. Both materials exhibited a significant decrease in hardness with increasing load. The critical hardness (the point at which fracture, rather than plastic deformation, is dominant around the indentation) of spinel and A1ON was found to be 13.5 and 16.8 GPa, respectively, which differs from other investigations that did not take into account the ISE.
One-Dimensional Nanograting-Based Guided-Mode Resonance Pressure Sensor (2012)

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a high-resolution optical pressure sensor based on guided-mode resonance (GMR) in a titanium dioxide <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\hbox{TiO}_{2})$</tex> </formula> nanograting embedded in an 85- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> -thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. The device presented here is capable of resolving changes in pressure as small as 200 mtorr within a PDMS channel. The embedded GMR grating has a pitch distance of 500 nm when the PDMS membrane is unstrained; at this pitch, the grating has a resonance response at around 727 nm, producing a peak in the reflectivity spectrum of the device. When pressure within the channel increases, the membrane is strained, resulting in an increase in the grating pitch as well as its corresponding resonant wavelength. By measuring the resulting change in the reflectivity spectrum of the grating, the device should be able to detect changes in relative pressure throughout a range of over 60 torr. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$</tex></formula> [2012-0081]
Plasma etch transfer of self-assembled polymer patterns (2012)

Self-organizing block copolymer thin films hold promise as a photolithography enhancement material for the 22-nm microelectronics technology generation and beyond, primarily because of their ability to form highly uniform patterns at the relevant nanometer-scale dimensions. Importantly, the materials are chemically similar to photoresists and can be implemented in synergy with photolithography. Beyond the challenges of achieving sufficient control of self-assembled pattern defectivity and feature roughness, block copolymer-based patterning requires creation of robust processes for transferring the polymer patterns into underlying electronic materials. Here, we describe research efforts in hardening block copolymer resist patterns using inorganic materials and high aspect ratio plasma etch transfer of self-assembled patterns to silicon using fluorine-based etch chemistries.
Mechanism of sensitization of Chinese hamster ovary cells to melphalan by hypoxic treatment with misonidazole. (1983)

Abstract Misonidazole (MISO) has previously been shown to enhance the antitumor effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs, in particular the bifunctional alkylating agents, in vivo without similarly increasing normal tissue toxicity. The presence of hypoxic cells in solid tumors may account for the preferential effect, since chemosensitization in vitro only occurs when cells are exposed to MISO under hypoxic conditions, i.e. , conditions where reduction of MISO and ultimately toxicity can occur. Mechanisms for the enhancement of melphalan (L-PAM) toxicity were investigated in vitro using Chinese hamster ovary suspension culture cells. A 2-hr hypoxic treatment with 5 mm MISO, which is not toxic itself, sensitized the cells to both a subsequent or previous 1-hr L-PAM exposure under aerated conditions. The resultant dose reduction factors at the 1% survival level were 4.0 when the MISO treatment was given immediately before L-PAM and 1.9 when MISO was given after L-PAM. Although depletion of glutathione (GSH) occurs during hypoxic pretreatments with MISO, simulating the same magnitude of GSH depletion with the GSH depleter, diethylmaleate, gave a dose reduction factor of only 1.4, and GSH depletion would not be expected to contribute to the sensitization which occurs when MISO is given after L-PAM. In addition to the role of GSH depletion, the following chemosensitization mechanisms were investigated: ( a ) increased drug uptake and binding; and ( b ) increased formation of DNA interstrand cross-links which are believed to represent the lethal lesion for bifunctional alkylating agents. L-PAM binding studies indicated that the total binding of [ 14 C]L-PAM to cellular macromolecules was increased by a factor of 1.4 in MISO-pretreated and diethylmaleate-pretreated cells having the same GSH deficiency. Although the increase in binding was sufficient to account for the sensitization to L-PAM when GSH is depleted with diethylmaleate, the results of the binding study eliminate the possibility of increased drug uptake or binding accounting for more than a small component (1.4 versus 4.0) of the chemosensitization effect achieved with MISO pretreatment. The technique of alkaline elution was used to study the effects of MISO pretreatment on DNA cross-linking. Kinetic studies indicated that DNA-DNA cross-links were maximal at 12 hr after L-PAM treatment and that MISO pretreatment had no effect on the rate of removal of cross-links. The major effect of MISO was to inorease the yield of cross-links at any given dose of L-PAM, resulting in a dose-response curve for cross-links with a slope 3.9 times steeper than that of the control. We conclude that enhanced efficiency of DNA cross-link formation can account, in a quantitative manner, for the sensitization to L-PAM by prior treatment with MISO in vitro .
Solid-Phase Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of THC-COOH Method Optimized for a High-Throughput Forensic Drug-Testing Laboratory (2001)

In order to facilitate the confirmation analysis of large numbers of urine samples previously screened positive for delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an extraction, derivitization, and GC-MS analysis method was developed. This method utilized a positive pressure manifold anion-exchange polymer-based solid-phase extraction followed by elution directly into the automated liquid sampling (ALS) vials. Rapid derivitization was accomplished using pentafluoropropionic anhydride/pentafluoropropanol (PFPA/PFPOH). Recoveries averaged 95% with a limit of detection of 0.875 ng/mL with a 3-mL sample volume. Performance of 11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH)-d3 and THC-COOH-d9 internal standards were evaluated. The method was linear to 900 ng/mL THC-COOH using THC-COOH-d9 with negligible contribution from the internal standard to very weak samples. Excellent agreement was seen with previous quantitations of human urine samples. More than 1000 human urine samples were analyzed using the method with 300 samples analyzed using an alternate qualifier ion (m/z 622) after some interference was observed with a qualifier ion (m/z 489). The 622 ion did not exhibit any interference even in samples with interfering peaks present in the 489 ion. The method resulted in dramatic reductions in processing time, waste production, and exposure hazards to laboratory personnel.