gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Heterocyclic carbenes as π*-acceptors in luminescent Re(i) triscarbonyl complexes (2011)

Two rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)(3)(N^C)X] where N^C is an N-heterocyclic carbene [3-butyl-1-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazolin-2-ylidene] and X is either Cl or Br have been synthesised via an in situ method from [Re(CO)(5)X] and a respective benzimidazolium salt. The complexes have been characterised by (1)H and (13)C NMR, infra-red spectroscopy and in the case of the bromo-complex by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The photophysical properties of the complexes have been investigated, revealing similar phosphorescent emission which was attributed to radiative decay from a (3)MLCT state partially mixed with a (3)LLCT state. However, the analysis of excited state lifetime and quantum yield values revealed distinct photophysical behaviour for the two complexes, which was attributed to the more labile nature of the bromo ligand with respect to the chloro one. The explanation was supported by the time-dependent emission profile change in diluted acetonitrile solutions.
Anesthesia for the elderly: selected topics (2006)

Although age is a clear risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, the association of general anesthesia with cognitive dysfunction is less clear, as is the effect of anesthesia per se or surgery on long-term cognitive dysfunction. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is a relatively new and evolving concept in anesthesia and perioperative medicine, yet clearly diastolic dysfunction even with a normal ejection fraction may have a significant effect on the perioperative outcome and management of elderly patients. Small, but powerful studies have shown significant outcome benefit with prophylactic perioperative beta-blockade in high-risk patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Data from other studies, however, are still conflicting and the final verdict awaits larger scale outcome studies.
Treatment of notalgia paresthetica with capsaicin. (1992)

Twenty-four patients with notalgia paresthetica were treated with topical capsaicin (Zostrix) in a concentration of 0.025 percent for four months. In approximately 70 percent of the patients who remained in the study, relief of pruritus was achieved up to the 90 percent level. In the majority of these patients pruritus returned when use of the medication was stopped. The history, causes, and prevalence of the condition are reviewed. This treatment is the first described that is relatively effective.
원저 : Pub Med 검색을 통한 전침의 최신 연구에 과한 고찰 - 임상 논문 중심으로 - (2002)

Objective : To research the trend of the study related to electroacupuncture and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on electroacupuncture. Methods : We have referred to PubMed, with electroacupuncture (Limits: 5 Years, only items with abstracts, English, Human) Results : l. We have searched 67 papers in 49 journals on electroacupuncture. 2. The pattern of study was as follows: review articles-8 papers in 8 journals, RCT articles-22 papers in 16 journals, meta-analysis-2 papers in 2 journals, and clinical trials-29 papers in 14 journals. 3. How frequently each Meridians was used for electroacupuncture in the searched papers was as follows: Large Intestine Meridian-14 times, Stomach Meridian-12 times, GallBladder Meridian-5 times, Governor Vessel-4 times, Conception Vessel-3 times, Pericardium Meridian-2 times, Triple Energizer Meridian-2 times, and Liver Meridian-2 times in that order. 4. The acupoints used in the searched papers were as follows: LI4-8 times, ST36, LI11, and GB34-3 times, GV20, LR3, and PC6-2 times in that order. 5. The diseases in the searched papers were as follows: pain, stroke, and others. Conclusion: More clinical data would be needed to prove the effects of electroacupuncture for better application.
Major Histocompatibility Class I Molecules Can Present Cryptic Translation Products to T-cells (1995)

Self or foreign cellular proteins provide peptides for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Surprisingly, several studies have shown that T-cells can recognize APC transfected with antigen genes that were not present in the appropriate translational context. To understand the basis of this phenomenon, APC were transfected with DNA constructs encoding the OVA257-264 (SL8) peptide, but with varying translation initiation codons. We report that, in addition to ATG, 6 other codons (ATT, ACG, CTG, GCG, TGG, GAT) also allowed presentation to SL8-Kb-specific T-cells. Significantly, this set includes 3 of 4 known non-ATG translation initiation codons strongly suggesting that cryptic translation accounts for this phenomenon. Although expression of the SL8-Kb complex was readily detected by T-cell activation, the amount of processed peptides was below detection limit (< 30 copies/cell) in cell extracts. Thus, the fortuitous presence of these cryptic translation initiation sites in transcribed genes can explain how peptide MHC complexes were obtained in sufficient amounts for T-cell activation. The translation initiation codons identified here could also be useful for identifying potential open reading frames that possess biological and/or immunological activities.
Real-time observation of the capacitance variation in a surface dielectric layer in radio frequency discharge (2012)

The capacitance of an Al2O3 layer coated on a probe was measured in real-time in plasma using the harmonic method. The measured capacitance was influenced by the applied power and the exposure time to the plasma. Upon varying the power, the capacitance quickly changed and then slowly saturated. The change in the capacitance was partly understood to be due the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. However, the rate of the capacitance change as a function of temperature was higher than that typically observed, and the quick response to varying power was too fast to be explained by the temperature variation. These results showed that other effects besides temperature should be considered to explain this phenomenon.
Optimization methods for base station placement in wireless applications (2002)

Wireless design tools contain one or more propagation models whose purpose is to predict quantitative measures of system performance as a function of system parameters. A logical next step is to optimize predicted overall performance by choosing the best values for parameters that can be controlled by the provider and/or maintainer of the system. However, because the function to be optimized is often highly nonlinear and nasty (for example, unpredictably discontinuous, nondifferentiable, or noisy), only a limited number of optimization techniques can be applied. Direct search methods are well suited to finding the optimal placement of base stations, since they require only the value of the function to be optimized. In extensive numerical testing, we have found a customized variant of the Nelder-Mead "simplex" method to be reasonably efficient and reliable at finding local optima. Our experience with producing improved or optimal base station placements suggests that optimization can enhance understanding of propagation models as well as improve wireless system designs.
Canadian Democracy: An Introduction (1996)

In this revised and updated second edition, Canadian Democracy views the current problems and possibilities of Canada's body politic in the context both of Canadian history and of the experience of other representative democracies. It examines the societal context of politics, structures of governance such as constitution, parliament, executive federalism and the courts, political participation, and media influence. The author considers, as well, important current issues in Canadian political life, including the impact of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, language politics and Quebec, and gender and politics.
[Destabilization of the immune homeostasis in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis of varying degrees of severity]. (1992)

As a result of evaluating immune homeostasis in patients suffering from nonspecific ulcerous colitis, the predictors of the patient's gravity have been established. They include: 1) phagocytic activity; 2) changes in bioenergetic processes of the cells; 3) redistribution of functional activity and its phenotypic expression among lymphocytes; 4) imbalance of humoral factors of immunity; 5) augmentation of anemia with decreased or increased iron content.
Enhancing security using mobility-based anomaly detection in cellular mobile networks (2006)

Location information is an important feature in users' profiles in cellular mobile networks. In this paper, by exploiting the location history traversed by a mobile user, two domain-independent online anomaly detection schemes are designed, namely the Lempel-Ziv (LZ)-based and Markov-based detection schemes. The authors focus on the identification of a group of especially harmful internal attackers-masqueraders. For both schemes, cell IDs traversed by each mobile user are extracted as the feature value. Specifically, the mobility pattern of each user is characterized by a high-order Markov model. The LZ-based detection scheme from the well-developed data compression techniques is derived. Moreover, the technique of exponentially weighted moving average is used to modify a user's normal profile dynamically. The user profile can characterize the normal behavior of each user accurately and is sensitive to abnormal changes. For the Markov-based detection scheme, a fixed-order Markov model is used to characterize the normal behavior. Based on the constructed probability transition matrix, the probability of the user's current activity is calculated. A threshold policy is then used in both schemes to determine whether a mobile device is potentially compromised or not. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Moreover, our results show that the LZ-based detection scheme performs better than the Markov-based detection scheme, especially for low-speed mobile users.
The High-Accuracy Logarithmic Receiver (1954)

There are numerous applications in electronics for a device which will derive "instantaneously" the logarithm of an applied function. If this operation can be accomplished accurately, the device has wide application in analog computing, for multiplying, dividing, and determining ratios. In addition, whenever compression of a wide dynamic range of signal levels into a restricted presentation range is desired, such a device is in general optimum. This paper shows how any arbitrary number of points distributed uniformly in amplitude may be made to fit a logarithmic response by means of the "successive detection" principle and how the deviation from true logarithmic response between these points can be essentially eliminated by use of the "multiple level detection" technique. The use of dc degeneration in an IF amplifier to stabilize tube characteristics is demonstrated, and three highly precise logarithmic receivers with bandwidths of 1.8 to 9 mc are described.
Development of the Black Widow Micro Air Vehicle (2001)

This paper describes the development of the Black Widow Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) over the past 4 years. An MAV has generally been defined as having a span of less than 6 inches, and a mass of less than 100 grams. The Black Widow is a 6-inch span, fixed-wing aircraft with a color video camera that downlinks live video to the pilot. It flies at 30 mph, with an endurance of 30 minutes, and a maximum communications range of 2 km. The vehicle has an autopilot, which features altitude hold, airspeed hold, heading hold, and yaw damping. The electronic subsystems are among the smallest and lightest in the world, including a 2gram camera, a 2-gram video downlink transmitter, and a 5-gram fully proportional radio control system with 0.5-gram actuators. A Multidisciplinary Design Optimization methodology with a genetic algorithm was used to integrate the MAV subsystems and optimize the vehicle for maximum endurance. Some of the potential missions for MAVs are visual reconnaissance, situational awareness, damage assessment, surveillance, biological or chemical agent sensing, and communications relay. In addition to these military missions, there are several commercial applications, such as search and rescue, border patrol, air sampling, police surveillance, and field research.
Genetic Tool Development for a New Host for Biotechnology, the Thermotolerant Bacterium <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> (2010)

Bacillus coagulans has good potential as an industrial production organism for platform chemicals from renewable resources but has limited genetic tools available. Here, we present a targeted gene disruption system using the Cre-lox system, development of a LacZ reporter assay for monitoring gene transcription, and heterologous d-lactate dehydrogenase expression.
An improved OpenSim gait model with multiple degrees of freedom knee joint and knee ligaments (2014)

Musculoskeletal models are widely used to investigate joint kinematics and predict muscle force during gait. However, the knee is usually simplified as a one degree of freedom joint and knee ligaments are neglected. The aim of this study was to develop an OpenSim gait model with enhanced knee structures. The knee joint in this study included three rotations and three translations. The three knee rotations and mediolateral translation were independent, with proximodistal and anteroposterior translations occurring as a function of knee flexion/extension. Ten elastic elements described the geometrical and mechanical properties of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL), and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL). The three independent knee rotations were evaluated using OpenSim to observe ligament function. The results showed that the anterior and posterior bundles of ACL and PCL (aACL, pACL and aPCL, pPCL) intersected during knee flexion. The aACL and pACL mainly provided force during knee flexion and adduction, respectively. The aPCL was slack throughout the range of three knee rotations; however, the pPCL was utilised for knee abduction and internal rotation. The LCL was employed for knee adduction and rotation, but was slack beyond 20° of knee flexion. The MCL bundles were mainly used during knee adduction and external rotation. All these results suggest that the functions of knee ligaments in this model approximated the behaviour of the physical knee and the enhanced knee structures can improve the ability to investigate knee joint biomechanics during various gait activities.
Evaluation of Atomic Layer Stacking Structure and Curie Temperature of Magnetic Films for Thermally Assisted Recording Media (Invited) (2014)

Thermally assisted recording system is a promising candidate to overcome the trilemma of perpendicular magnetic recording hard disk drive development. In this paper, we introduce our current research about evaluation for the media material. In-plane X-ray diffraction technique is effective to evaluate atomic layer stacking structure of (111)-oriented face-centered cubic, c-plane-oriented hexagonal closed packed (hcp), and their intermediate structure with stacking faults of CoPt alloy thin film. Analytical results of Co50Pt50-based thin film shows that changing the valence electron number closer to 9 can effectively reduce the stacking fault. In practical, perfect hcp atomic layer stacking can be achieved by substituting Pt (group 10) with Rh (group 9). High-angle annular dark field of scanning transmission electron microscopy with probe diameter of 1 Å can effectively observe composition modulated atomic layer stacking with the super-lattice diffraction in Co-based alloy films. In practical, for Co80M20 (M: Ir, Pt) thin film sputtered under high substrate temperature, the irregular or alternately layered structure of M rich and M poor layer can be observed directly. To evaluate Curie temperature (TC), which is an important physical property of thermally assisted media, conduction electron spin-dependent scattering should be the focus. Fitting dielectric spectra for MnSb thin film with TC ~ 320 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C measured with the ellipsometry and analyzing the Drude's term, temperature dependence of resistivity and scattering time at around TC was confirmed.
4-Diazo-5-alkylsulphonamidopyrazoles: synthesis and evaluation of biological activity. (1991)

A series of 4-diazo-5-alkylsulphonamidopyrazoles (5) was prepared and tested for antitumor, antiviral and antimicrobial activity. Compounds (5a) and (5b) showed a selective, although not very potent cytostatic activity against L1210 and a human T lymphoblastoid cell line (C8166). Compounds (5a) and (5d-h) showed a selective anti-coxsackie B1 virus activity, whereas 5b was also endowed with some activity against Bacillus subtilis.
Against Marriage and Motherhood (1996)

This essay argues that current advocacy of lesbian and gay rights to legal marriage and parenthood insufficiently criticizes both marriage and motherhood as they are currently practiced and structured by Northern legal institutions. Instead we would do better not to let the State define our intimate unions and parenting would be improved if the power presently concentrated in the hands of one or two guardians were diluted and distributed through an appropriately concerned community.
Beclin 1 Is Required for Neuron Viability and Regulates Endosome Pathways via the UVRAG-VPS34 Complex (2014)

Deficiency of autophagy protein beclin 1 is implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies showed that Beclin 1 coordinates the assembly of multiple VPS34 complexes whose distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase III (PI3K-III) lipid kinase activities regulate autophagy at different steps. Recent evidence suggests a function of beclin 1 in regulating multiple VPS34-mediated trafficking pathways beyond autophagy; however, the precise role of beclin 1 in autophagy-independent cellular functions remains poorly understood. Herein we report that beclin 1 regulates endocytosis, in addition to autophagy, and is required for neuron viability in vivo. We find that neuronal beclin 1 associates with endosomes and regulates EEA1/early endosome localization and late endosome formation. Beclin 1 maintains proper cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) distribution and total levels, and loss of beclin 1 causes a disruption of active Rab5 GTPase-associated endosome formation and impairment of endosome maturation, likely due to a failure of Rab5 to recruit VPS34. Furthermore, we find that Beclin 1 deficiency causes complete loss of the UVRAG-VPS34 complex and associated lipid kinase activity. Interestingly, beclin 1 deficiency impairs p40phox-linked endosome formation, which is rescued by overexpressed UVRAG or beclin 1, but not by a coiled-coil domain-truncated beclin 1 (a UVRAG-binding mutant), Atg14L or RUBICON. Thus, our study reveals the essential role for beclin 1 in neuron survival involving multiple membrane trafficking pathways including endocytosis and autophagy, and suggests that the UVRAG-beclin 1 interaction underlies beclin 1's function in endocytosis.
The response of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) to traps baited with carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, butyric acid and human foot odour in Tanzania (2000)

The responses of Culex quinquefasciatus Say to traps baited with carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, butyric acid and human foot odour were studied in the field in Muheza, north-east Tanzania using Counterflow Geometry (CFG) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) traps. It was found that significantly more C. quinquefasciatus responded to foot odour collected on nylon stockings than to clean nylon stockings (P < 0.05). Significantly more mosquitoes were caught in a CFG trap baited with carbon dioxide than in traps with either human foot odour, acetone or butyric acid. It was also found that in an outdoor situation a carbon dioxide baited CDC unlit trap collected over 12 times more C. quinquefasciatus than an unbaited CDC unlit trap and nine times more mosquitoes than CDC traps baited with 1-octen-3-ol alone (P < 0.05). The number of mosquitoes caught in a CDC trap baited with 1-octen-3-ol did not differ significantly from that of the unbaited CDC trap (P > 0.05). These results indicate that the Afrotropical C. quinquefasciatus respond significantly better to traps baited with carbon dioxide than to either octenol, acetone or butyric acid, and that human foot odour contains stimuli to which C. quinquefasciatus is attracted under field conditions.
Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part III. The Impact of Induced Condensing Agents on Particle Morphology and Polymer Properties (2016)

The presence of different commonly used induced condensing agents (ICAs) in the gas phase polymerization of ethylene on the supported catalyst has a significant impact on the crystallinity and the molecular weight distribution of the resulting high density polyethylene. The crystallinity of the polymer is found to be higher in the presence of vaporized n ‐pentane or n‐ hexane, than in “dry mode” (i.e., with no ICA). This is primarily attributed to the mechanism of crystallization of polymer chains in presence of the solubilized ICA which might act to promote solvent vapor annealing. In addition, vaporized ICA also provokes a significant increase in the weight average molecular weight, with values being estimated at over one million. image
Fully Automated Chemiluminometric Assay for Hyperglycosylated Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Invasive Trophoblast Antigen) (2003)

Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (HhCG) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted during embryonic implantation and trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall and is an early marker of pregnancy (1). Relative to hCG, HhCG has a higher molecular mass (38.5–40 kDa, depending on the amount of carbohydrate) and a higher number of asparagine (N)-linked triantennary carbohydrates and serine (O)-linked tetrasaccharide core structures in the β-subunit (2). Although both are secreted from the placenta and choriocarcinoma, HhCG is produced by mononucleated cytotrophoblasts, and hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast cells (3)(4)(5)(6). Because the cytotrophoblasts are primitive and invasive in nature, HhCG is also called invasive trophoblast antigen (ITA) (5).

Birken et al. (7) described a monoclonal antibody (B152) specific for the β-subunit C-terminal peptide and the O-linked oligosaccharide of HhCG. Although the epitope for this antibody does not require sialic acid, the presence of the O-linked tetrasaccharide core structure is essential (1).

Using IRMAs and ELISAs, investigators showed that (a) HhCG rapidly increases in early pregnancy, attaining substantially higher concentrations and decreasing earlier than hCG (1)(8); (b) HhCG is increased in Down syndrome-affected pregnancies in both the first and second trimesters (9)(10)(11); and (c) the HhCG:hCG ratio appears to be higher in those with invasive vs noninvasive trophoblastic disease (12).

The above HhCG assays were performed manually using large sample volumes (200 μL) and long incubation …
Highly water pressurized brown rice improves cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 and reduces amyloid beta in the brain (2018)

These results suggest that HPBR is effective for preventing AD.
Mobile atom traps using magnetic nanowires (2006)

By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation using a finite element method we show that an atom trap can be produced above a ferromagnetic nanowire domain wall. Atoms experience trap frequencies of up to a few megahertz, and can be transported by applying a weak magnetic field along the wire. Lithographically defined nanowire patterns could allow quantum information processing by bringing domain walls in close proximity at certain places to allow trapped atom interactions and far apart at others to allow individual addressing.