gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing hazardous waste (1993)

Most of the impetus for the stabilization or solidification of hazardous wastes has been provided by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), including the subsequent 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and its 1986 amendments. Other legislation dealing with water pollution control, toxic substances control, and occupational health and safety has had a considerable impact on the field. The various water laws, in particular, have effectively prevented the discharge of dilute contaminants into the environment, forcing most of this waste into landfills. Although land disposal of hazardous wastes is not the method of choice from an environmental standpoint--it occupies the lowest position in EPA's hierarchy of methods--it has developed an important place in the overall waste management scheme. There are many hazardous wastes that simply cannot be destroyed by thermal, chemical or biological techniques.
An Evaluation of One-Class and Two-Class Classification Algorithms for Keystroke Dynamics Authentication on Mobile Devices (2015)

In this paper we study keystroke dynamics as an authentication mechanism for touch screen based devices. The authentication process decides whether the identity of a given person is accepted or rejected. This can be easily implemented by using a two-class classifier which operates with the help of positive samples (belonging to the authentic person) and negative ones. However, collecting negative samples is not always a viable option. In such cases a one-class classification algorithm can be used to characterize the target class and distinguish it from the outliers. We implemented an authentication test-framework that is capable of working with both one-class and two-class classification algorithms. The framework was evaluated on our dataset containing keystroke samples from 42 users, collected from touch screen-based Android devices. Experimental results yield an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 3% (two-class) and 7% (one-class) respectively.
Real-World MicroGrids-An Overview (2007)

Microgrids are networks of small, distributed electrical power generators operated as a collective unit - a system of energy systems. The range of hardware and control options for Microgrid operation are reviewed. The paper summarizes and highlights the operating principles and key conclusions of research and field trials to-date. An overview is given on demonstration projects for Microgrids which have been, and are being, constructed.
Comparison of adaptive linear interpolation and conventional linear interpolation for digital radiography systems (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Breast Cancer Therapy Using Antibody-Endostatin Fusion Proteins (2006)

Abstract : The anti-angiogenic protein endostatin demonstrated considerable anti-tumor activity in animal models. However, limited anti-tumor activity has been observed in human Phase I/II trials. Trastuzumab has activity in HER2+ breast cancer used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Prior studies using an anti-HER2 antibodymurine endostatin fusion demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to anti-HER2 antibody or endostatin given alone or in combination. We generated two anti-HER2 human endostatin fusion proteins by fusing human wild type or a mutant form of human endostatin (huEndo- P125A) to the 3' end of a humanized anti-HER2 lgG3 antibody. HuEndo-P125A antibody fusion protein (alphaHER2-huEndo-P125A) inhibited VEGF and bFGF induced endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary formation in vitro, to a greater degree than wild type endostatin fusion protein (alphaHER2-huEndo), endostatin alone, or anti-HER2 antibody (alphaHER2 lgG3). Treatment of SKBR-3 breast cancer xenografts with anti-HER2 lgG3-huEndo-P125A fusion resulted in complete regression, and improved survival, compared to either alphaHER2 lgG3, human endostatin, or anti-HER2 lgG3-huEndo treated mice. alphaHER2-huEndo fusion proteins specifically targeted tumors expressing HER2 in mice simultaneously implanted with murine mammary tumor cell line EMT6 and EMT6 engineered to express HER2 antigen (EMT6-HER2). alphaHER2 huEndo-P125A fusion antibody showed enhanced anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity and inhibited EMT6- HER2 growth more effectively than huEndo (p = 0.003), or alphaHER2-huEndo (p = 0.004). Targeting anti-angiogenic proteins using antibody fusion proteins could improve clinical activity of anti-HER2 antibody and endostatin alike, and provides a versatile approach that could be applied to other tumor targets with alternative antibody specificities or using other antiangiogenic domains.
Overview and analysis of dummies used for crash tests (2013)

This article is a description of the construction of dummies used in crash tests of vehicles. Dummies are classified according to their use in different types of crash tests. The noticeable improvement in the construction of dummies, their properties and similarity to humans man, is clearly visible referring to first dummies with modern ones.
Practical semantic analysis of web sites and documents (2004)

As Web sites are now ordinary products, it is necessary to explicit the notion of quality of a Web site. The quality of a site may belinked to the easiness of accessibility and also to other criteria such as the fact that the site is up to date and coherent. This last quality is difficult to insure because sites may be updated very frequently, may have many authors, may be partially generated and inthis context proof-reading is very difficult. The same piece of information may be found in different occurrences, but also in data ormeta-data, leading to the need for consistency checking. In this paper we make a parallel between programs and Web sites. We present some examples of semantic constraints that one would like to specify (constraints between the meaning of categories and sub-categories in a thematic directory, consistency between the organization chart and the rest of the site in an academic site). We present quickly the Natural Semantics a way to specify the semantics of programming languages that inspires ourworks. Natural Semantics itself comes from both an operational semantics and from logic programming and its implementation uses Prolog. Then we propose a specification language for semantic constraints in Web sites that, in conjunction with the well known "make" program, permits to generate some site verification tools by compiling the specification into Prolog code. We apply our method to alarge XML document which is the scientific part of our instituteactivity report, tracking errors or inconsistencies and alsoconstructing some indicators that can be used by the management of theinstitute.
Doubly exchange-biased FeMn/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/CrMnPt spin valves (2000)

Doubly exchange-biased FeMn/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/CrMnPt spin valves are prepared. By field annealing in magnetic fields of opposite directions, the magnetoresistive curve consists of two loops shifted in opposite directions from the zero magnetic field. Whether the NiFe layers are in the antiparallel state or in the parallel state in zero magnetic field can be adjusted by varying the exchange bias, By field annealing in magnetic fields of perpendicular directions, the total transverse bias field of the spin valve sensors is near zero field, Therefore, the modified spin valve can maximize the linear response region. It also shows potential for suppressing Barkhausen noise.
Gene of the month: <i>BRAF</i> (2012)

Second RAF paralogue ( BRAF ) is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase that transduces regulatory signals through the Rat Sarcoma (RAS)/RAF/ mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. This pathway is hyperactivated in approximately 30% of human cancers.1 Activating mutations in the RAS oncogenes occur in 15%–30% of cancers.2 Kirsten murine sarcoma virus oncogene ( KRAS ) is an important and frequently mutated member of this group of oncogenes. Gain-of-function BRAF mutations results in aberrant activation of ERK signalling that is involved in several cancers such as thyroid papillary carcinoma, melanoma and colon carcinoma mainly but also as demonstrated in animal models in ovarian, skin, lung cancers and glioblastoma multiforme.3 ,4

There are three related RAF genes in mammals: first RAF paralogue ( ARAF ), BRAF and human homologue of v-RAF ( CRAF ) ( RAF-1 ). The BRAF gene, located at 7q34, contains 18 exons and encodes a serine–threonine kinase in the RAS/RAF/MAPK signalling pathway.5 All the main RAF proteins share three highly conserved regions: CR1, CR2 and CR3; however, BRAF has a number of structural differences from the other RAF proteins (ARAF and CRAF). CR1 contains the RAS binding domain and the cysteine-rich domain.6–10 CR2 is rich in serine and threonine and contains regulatory phosphorylation sites. CR3 contains the P-loop and the important kinase …
Advances in the development of herpes simplex virus-based gene transfer vectors for the nervous system. (1997)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an attractive candidate vector for treatment of nervous system disease by gene therapy. Here we review molecular aspects of the natural biology of HSV as it relates to vector design and application. Although gene transfer and transient expression was readily achieved using first generation replication defective HSV vectors, these vectors did not provide for long-term transgene expression, a prerequisite for effective treatment of neurodegenerative disease. The principle impediments to effective use of HSV vectors are residual toxicity of non-replicating vectors and the silencing of transgene expression from persisting latent viral genomes in neurons. Recent advances suggest that vectors deleted for multiple immediate early viral genes provide a solution to both of these problems and thereby provide for the first time insight into methods for the effective design of useful gene vectors for central nervous system applications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PINANEDIOL α‐AMIDO BORONIC ESTERS (1984)

Abstract Die Verwen ′ung von (+)‐Pinandiol als chiral lenkende Gruppe für die Synthese von a(R)‐a‐Amidoboronsäureester und ‐säuren, die Analoge von N‐Acyl‐L‐aminosäuren darstellen, wird aufgezeigt.
Mapping the route from naive pluripotency to lineage specification (2014)

In the mouse blastocyst, epiblast cells are newly formed shortly before implantation. They possess a unique developmental plasticity, termed naive pluripotency. For development to proceed, this naive state must be subsumed by multi-lineage differentiation within 72 h following implantation. In vitro differentiation of naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cultured in controlled conditions provides a tractable system to dissect and understand the process of exit from naive pluripotency and entry into lineage specification. Exploitation of this system in recent large-scale RNAi and mutagenesis screens has uncovered multiple new factors and modules that drive or facilitate progression out of the naive state. Notably, these studies show that the transcription factor network that governs the naive state is rapidly dismantled prior to upregulation of lineage specification markers, creating an intermediate state that we term formative pluripotency. Here, we summarize these findings and propose a road map for state transitions in ESC differentiation that reflects the orderly dynamics of epiblast progression in the embryo.
Multiple reflection high-energy electron diffraction beam intensity measurement system (1990)

A video-based analysis system for reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is described which simultaneously measures the intensities and profiles of multiple diffraction beams. This system is used to record real-time RHEED intensity oscillations for layer-by-layer epitaxial growth. Fast Fourier transform analysis of the oscillation data is used to directly determine the growth rate and to accurately obtain phase information about the oscillations. This system is demonstrated and compared to other methods of recording RHEED oscillation data.
Radar: Residual Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Attributed Networks (2017)

Attributed networks are pervasive in different domains, ranging from social networks, gene regulatory networks to financial transaction networks. This kind of rich network representation presents challenges for anomaly detection due to the heterogeneity of two data representations. A vast majority of existing algorithms assume certain properties of anomalies are given a prior. Since various types of anomalies in real-world attributed networks co-exist, the assumption that priori knowledge regarding anomalies is available does not hold. In this paper, we investigate the problem of anomaly detection in attributed networks generally from a residual analysis perspective, which has been shown to be effective in traditional anomaly detection problems. However, it is a non-trivial task in attributed networks as interactions among instances complicate the residual modeling process. Methodologically, we propose a learning framework to characterize the residuals of attribute information and its coherence with network information for anomaly detection. By learning and analyzing the residuals, we detect anomalies whose behaviors are singularly different from the majority. Experiments on real datasets show the effectiveness and generality of the proposed framework.
The mode of action of SA‐FF22, a lantibiotic isolated from <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> strain FF22 (1994)

SA-FF22 is a lanthionine-containing bacteriocidal peptide isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes strain FF22. The peptide interacts closely with non-energised artificial phospholipid vesicles, as evidenced by a 'blue shift' in the fluorescent emissions associated with a tryptophan residue within the peptide sequence. Furthermore, SA-FF22 induced efflux of radiolabelled amino acids from artificially energised cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and arrested uptake of amino acids by intact cells. By measuring the decrease in membrane potential of both starved and energised SA-FF22-treated cells, and through the use of artificial planar membranes, a potential of approximately 100 mV was deduced as the minimum required to induce pore formation by SA-FF22. This threshold potential is independent of the orientation of the applied voltage (i.e. trans or cis orientations are equally effective). Single channel conductance measurements suggested that the pores formed by SA-FF22 are relatively unstable, short-lived and approximately 0.5-0.6 nm in diameter. This is somewhat smaller than those of the previously described, pore-forming lantibiotics and should not allow significant efflux of large molecules such as ATP. Thus, death of affected cells seems to result from membrane-potential disruption and subsequent exhaustion of the cells.
Automated, Multiplexed Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Platform for Continuous Monitoring of Microtissue Spheroids (2016)

Microtissue spheroids in microfluidic devices are increasingly used to establish novel in vitro organ models of the human body. As the spheroids are comparably sizable, it is difficult to monitor larger numbers of them by optical means. Therefore, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) emerges as a viable alternative to probing spheroid properties. Current spheroid EIS systems are, however, not suitable for investigating multiple spheroids in parallel over extended time in an automated fashion. Here we address this issue by presenting an automated, multiplexed EIS (AMEIS) platform for impedance analysis in a microfluidic setting. The system was used to continuously monitor the effect of the anticancer drug fluorouracil (5-FU) on HCT116 cancer spheroids. Simultaneous EIS monitoring of up to 15 spheroids was performed in parallel over 4 days at a temporal resolution of 2 min without any need for pumps. The measurements were continuous in nature, and the setup was kept in a standard incubator under controlled conditions during the measurements. A baseline normalization method to improve robustness and to reduce the influence of slow changes in the medium conductivity on the spheroid EIS readings has been developed and validated by experiments and means of a finite-element model. The same method and platform was then used for online monitoring of cardiac spheroids. The beating frequency of each cardiac spheroid could be read out in a completely automated fashion. The developed system constitutes a promising method for simultaneously evaluating drug impact and/or toxic effects on multiple microtissue spheroids.
PADMA: PArallel Data Mining Agents for scalable text classification (1997)

This paper introduces PADMA (PArallel Data Mining Agents), a parallel agent based system for scalable text classification. PADMA contains modules for (1) parallel data accessing operations, (2) parallel hierarchical clustering, and (3) web-based data visualization. This paper introduces the general architecture of PADMA and presents a detailed description of its different modules.
Speed Sensorless Control of Induction Motors Based on a Reduced-Order Adaptive Observer (2007)

A novel speed sensorless indirect field-oriented control for the full-order model of the induction motor is presented. It provides local exponential tracking of smooth speed and flux amplitude reference signals together with local exponential field orientation, on the basis of stator current measurements only and under assumption of unknown constant load torque. Speed estimation is performed through a reduced-order adaptive observer based on the torque current dynamics, while no flux estimate is required for both observation and control purposes. The absence of the flux model in the proposed algorithm allows for simple and effective time-scale separation between the speed-flux tracking error dynamics (slow subsystem) and the estimation error dynamics (fast subsystem). This property is exploited to obtain a high performance sensorless controller, with features similar to those of standard field-oriented induction motor drives. Moreover, time-scale separation and physically-based decomposition into speed and flux subsystems allow for a simple and constructive tuning procedure. The theoretical analysis based on the singular perturbation method enlightens that a persistency of excitation condition is necessary for the asymptotic stability. From a practical viewpoint, it is related to the well-known observability and instability issues due to a lack of back-emf signal at zero-frequency excitation. A flux reference selection strategy has been developed to guarantee Persistency of excitation in every operating condition. Extensive simulation and experimental tests confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Guillain-Barré syndrome after heart transplantation. (1992)

We present two cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (acute idiopathic neuritis) that developed after heart transplantation involving immunosuppression with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids. The literature contains only two previous reports of posttransplant Guillain-Barré syndrome, both involving patients maintained with azathioprine and steroid immunosuppression after kidney transplantation. In our two cases (and in one of the previous cases), the syndrome was preceded by a sudden increase in the amount of serum immunoglobulin M antibody to cytomegalovirus. One of our patients improved neurologically after plasmapheresis, but neither patient appeared to benefit from the administration of gamma globulin. Because further immunosuppression would predispose the transplant patient to other opportunistic infections, we advocate a trial of plasmapheresis in the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome in this population.
Gelatinase B–deficient Mice Are Resistant to Experimental Bullous Pemphigoid (1998)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone. In an experimental BP model in mice, the subepidermal blistering is mediated by antibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal protein BP180 (collagen XVII, BPAG2), and depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Gelatinase B is present in BP blister fluid and can cleave BP180. In this study we investigated the role of gelatinase B in the immunopathogenesis of experimental BP using mice containing targeted disruption of the gelatinase B (MMP-9, 92 kD gelatinase) gene. Gelatinase B-deficient mice were resistant to the blistering effect of intracutaneous anti-mBP180 antibodies, although these mice showed deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone and neutrophil recruitment to the skin comparable to that observed in the control mice. Interleukin 8 given intradermally concomitantly with pathogenic anti-mBP180 elicited a significant neutrophil recruitment into the skin in gelatinase B-deficient mice, but blistering did not occur. However, gelatinase B-deficient mice reconstituted with neutrophils from normal mice developed blistering in response to anti-mBP180 antibodies. These results implicate neutrophil-derived gelatinase B in the pathogenesis of experimental BP and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for BP.
Measurement of the amplitude and phase of ultrashort light pulses from spectrally resolved autocorrelation (1993)

A new technique for determining the complex electric field of an ultrashort light pulse is analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. It is based on the measurement of the spectrally resolved intensity autocorrelation and an iterative procedure of data deconvolution. This method is shown to be convenient and reliable.
Supervised Distance Matrices: Theory and Applications to Genomics (2008)

We propose a new approach to studying the relationship between a very high dimensional random variable and an outcome. Our method is based on a novel concept, the supervised distance matrix, which quantifies pairwise similarity between variables based on their association with the outcome. A supervised distance matrix is derived in two stages. The first stage involves a transformation based on a particular model for association. In particular, one might regress the outcome on each variable and then use the residuals or the influence curve from each regression as a data transformation. In the second stage, a choice of distance measure is used to compute all pairwise distances between variables in this transformed data. When the outcome is right-censored, we show that the supervised distance matrix can be consistently estimated using inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) estimators based on the mean and covariance of the transformed data. The proposed methodology is illustrated with examples of gene expression data analysis with a survival outcome. This approach is widely applicable in genomics and other fields where high-dimensional data is collected on each subject.
A thermally switched 9 kA superconducting rectifier fluxpump (1981)

The feasibility of superconducting rectifier-fluxpumps has to be demonstrated at current levels of 10 - 100 kA, where is asked for in the superconducting devices now being planned. An intensive program has been started at the low temperature division of the University of Twente to construct such high current rectifiers. A thermally switched 9 kA full wave rectifier-fluxpump will be presented. The s.c. rectifier consists of a current step up transformer, two reliable thermally activated switches and a dummy load inductor. Both, load coil and rectifier are fully protected against failure modes. The rectifier is now (March, 1981) under test and has energized yet the load coil to a level of 4.5 kJ at 9 kA within 150 seconds, frequency 0.11 Hz, mean power 30 W, the efficiency of the energy conversion is 99,1%.