gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of microwave T junction power-divider circuits (2002)

In our earlier paper we had developed microstrip T junction models, from a qualitative design aspect, to act as equal and unequal power-dividers. In this paper, we have applied optimization techniques to design power-divider circuits which give pre-specified transmission characteristics. These circuits include the asymmetrical tee, the 1-step tee, the 2-step tee and the linearly tapered tee junction circuits, The results give the optimized dimensions of the latter four circuits for different power-divider ratios.
Allocation wall (2009)

Multi-core processors are widely used in computer systems. As the performance of microprocessors greatly exceeds that of memory, the memory wall becomes a limiting factor. It is important to understand how the large disparity of speed between processor and memory influences the performance and scalability of Java applications on emerging multi-core platforms. In this paper, we studied two popular Java benchmarks, SPECjbb2005 and SPECjvm2008, on multi-core platforms including Intel Clovertown and AMD Phenom. We focus on the "partially scalable" benchmark programs. With smaller number of CPU cores these programs scale perfectly, but when more cores and software threads are used, the slope of the scalability curve degrades dramatically. We identified a strong correlation between scalability, object allocation rate and memory bus write traffic in our experiments with our partially scalable programs. We find that these applications allocate large amounts of memory and consume almost all the memory write bandwidth in our hardware platforms. Because the write bandwidth is so limited, we propose the following hypothesis: the scalability and performance is limited by the object allocation on emerging multi-core platforms for those objects-allocation intensive Java applications, as if these applications are running into an "allocation wall". In order to verify this hypothesis, several experiments are performed, including measuring key architecture level metrics, composing a micro-benchmark program, and studying the effect of modifying some of the "partially scalable" programs. All the experiments strongly suggest the existence of the allocation wall.
Resveratrol and Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain (2008)

Cardiovascular pathologies in the French are not prevalent despite high dietary saturated fat consumption. This is commonly referred to as the "French Paradox" attributing its anti-lipidemic effects to moderate consumption of red wine. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in red wine, is currently the focus of intense research both in the cardiovascular system and the brain. Current research suggests resveratrol may enhance prognosis of neurological disorders such as, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's diseases and stroke. The beneficial effects of resveratrol include: antioxidation, free radical scavenger, and modulation of neuronal energy homeostasis and glutamatergic receptors/ion channels. Resveratrol directly increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, a NAD(+) (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent histone deacetylase related to increased lifespan in various species similar to calorie restriction. We recently demonstrated that brief resveratrol pretreatment conferred neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia via SIRT1 activation. This neuroprotective effect produced by resveratrol was similar to ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection, which protects against lethal ischemic insults in the brain and other organ systems. Inhibition of SIRT1 abolished ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection in CA1 region of the hippocampus. Since resveratrol and ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection require activation of SIRT1, this common signaling pathway may provide targeted therapeutic treatment modalities as it relates to stroke and other brain pathologies. In this review, we will examine common signaling pathways, cellular targets of resveratrol, and ischemic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection as it relates to the brain.
Association of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease (1998)

In a few patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and no clinical symptoms of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN-2A) or medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), missense mutations in the cysteine residues 609 and 620 of the Ret gene have been identified. In several pedigrees with either MEN-2A or familial MTC (FMTC) a documented germline mutation in cysteine 618 or 620 follows the segregation of the disease phenotype. The appearance of the HSCR phenotype in such patients and pedigrees cannot be easily reconciled with the gain of function which is associated with the dominant oncogenic effect of MEN-2A mutations. Gastrointestinal manifestations are known to occur also in association with MEN-2B but, to the best of our knowledge, in only very few cases the intestinal phenotype of MEN-2B has been investigated by enzymo-histochemical techniques, as in the present work. We report an extensive molecular study of patients, two with HSCR and FMTC carrying a Cys620Arg or Ser mutation and two with MEN-2B and gastrointestinal symptoms carrying a Met918Thr mutation. One of the latter two patients showed aganglionosis of the last 5 cm of rectum which caused a congenital megacolon leading to the diagnosis and operation for HSCR. The mutation screening of all the exons of Ret in 3 of these patients did not reveal any additional mutation. Therefore these results do not support the hypothesis of additional constitutional Ret mutations in patients showing association of MEN-2 and HSCR, whilst the histochemical and clinical data in one of these patients indicate that MEN-2B can be associated with a true form of short segment HSCR.
Recording and readout using clock marks premastered by groove wobbling (2000)

A new recording and readout technique for land and groove recording on a magnetic super-resolution (MSR) disk is described. The technique uses specifically premastered clock marks. To generate a stable clock signal, the clock marks are fabricated with short bursts in grooves by wobbling at a different frequency from address information. The clock marks and the address information can be separated from a track error signal. When the extracted clock signal is applied to precise recording and readout of the magneto-optical data marks, the bit error rate becomes lower than that of the conventional clock recording/readout system. Additionally, the crosstalk of the wobbled address information to the magneto-optical signal can be canceled out electronically. This new format is not only suitable for high-density recording but also convenient in the disk manufacturing process.
<title>Captive flight test-based infrared validation of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation</title> (2000)

This paper describes infrared (IR) scene generation and validation activities at the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command's (AMCOM) Dual-Mode Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) Simulation. The HWIL simulation validation results are based on comparison of infrared seeker data collected in the HWIL simulation to infrared seeker data collected during captive flight tests (CFTs). Use of CFT data allows a simulation developer to quantify not only the radiometric fidelity of the simulation inputs, but also the effects that any limitations of the inputs may have on simulation validity with respect to a particular seeker and its algorithms. Validation of this type of simulation is a complex process and all aspects of the validation are covered. Topics include real-time IR signature modeling and validation, simulation output verification, projected energy verification, and total end-to-end simulation validation. Also included are descriptions of the different types of CFT scenarios necessary for simulation validation and the comparison methodologies used for each case.
Attitudinal Meanings Conveyed by Intonation Contours (1960)

This paper describes experiments in which Osgood's semantic differential was used to measure the attitude of listeners to a variety of intonation patterns. 16 pitch contours were applied by synthesis to recordings of four sentences and listeners were asked to rate the patterns with respect to 10 scales of the type BORED/ INTERESTED, POLITE/RUDE. From the results it was possible to draw some conclusions about the relative effectiveness of the chosen scales and about some general features of the intonation patterns which had particular weight with respect to three factors: Pleasant/Unpleasant, Interest/Lack of Interest and Authoritative/ Submissive.
Virtual meeting rooms: from observation to simulation (2007)

Much working time is spent in meetings and, as a consequence, meetings have become the subject of multidisciplinary research. Virtual Meeting Rooms (VMRs) are 3D virtual replicas of meeting rooms, where various modalities such as speech, gaze, distance, gestures and facial expressions can be controlled. This allows VMRs to be used to improve remote meeting participation, to visualize multimedia data and as an instrument for research into social interaction in meetings. This paper describes how these three uses can be realized in a VMR. We describe the process from observation through annotation to simulation and a model that describes the relations between the annotated features of verbal and non-verbal conversational behavior. As an example of social perception research in the VMR, we describe an experiment to assess human observers’ accuracy for head orientation.
Role of Multiple Drug Resistance Protein 1 in Neutral but Not Acidic Glycosphingolipid Biosynthesis (2004)

Transfection studies have implicated the multiple drug resistance pump, MDR1, as a glucosyl ceramide translocase within the Golgi complex (Lala, P., Ito, S., and Lingwood, C. A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6246-6251). We now show that MDR1 inhibitors, cyclosporin A or ketoconazole, inhibit neutral glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in 11 of 12 cell lines tested. The exception, HeLa cells, do not express MDR1. Microsomal lactosyl ceramide and globotriaosyl ceramide synthesis from endogenous or exogenously added liposomal glucosyl ceramide was inhibited by cyclosporin A, consistent with a direct role for MDR1/glucosyl ceramide translocase activity in their synthesis. In contrast, cellular ganglioside synthesis in the same cells, was unaffected by MDR1 inhibition, suggesting neutral and acid glycosphingolipids are synthesized from distinct precursor glycosphingolipid pools. Metabolic labeling in wild type and knock-out (MDR1a, 1b, MRP1) mouse fibroblasts showed the same loss of neutral glycosphingolipid (glucosyl ceramide, lactosyl ceramide) but not ganglioside (GM3) synthesis, confirming the proposed role for MDR1 translocase activity. Cryo-immunoelectron microscopy showed MDR1 was predominantly intracellular, largely in rab6-containing Golgi vesicles and Golgi cisternae, the site of glycosphingolipid synthesis. These studies identify MDR1 as the major glucosyl ceramide flippase required for neutral glycosphingolipid anabolism and demonstrate a previously unappreciated dichotomy between neutral and acid glycosphingolipid synthesis.
Andragogical Methods for Teaching Advanced Cockpit Flying Skills to Professional Pilots (2002)

This paper is an examination of the adult (andragogical) learning methods required to teach flying skills to pilots of state-of- the-art, computerized aircraft. The concepts of the learning process, andragogical teaching methods, student need-to-know, student motivation, and self-directed learning are examined. The paper concludes that andragogical methods must be used in order to transfer the required skills.
Adverse Drug Event Detection in Tweets with Semi-Supervised Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Current Adverse Drug Events (ADE) surveillance systems are often associated with a sizable time lag before such events are published. Online social media such as Twitter could describe adverse drug events in real-time, prior to official reporting. Deep learning has significantly improved text classification performance in recent years and can potentially enhance ADE classification in tweets. However, these models typically require large corpora with human expert-derived labels, and such resources are very expensive to generate and are hardly available. Semi-supervised deep learning models, which offer a plausible alternative to fully supervised models, involve the use of a small set of labeled data and a relatively larger collection of unlabeled data for training. Traditionally, these models are trained on labeled and unlabeled data from similar topics or domains. In reality, millions of tweets generated daily often focus on disparate topics, and this could present a challenge for building deep learning models for ADE classification with random Twitter stream as unlabeled training data. In this work, we build several semi-supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) models for ADE classification in tweets, specifically leveraging different types of unlabeled data in developing the models to address the problem. We demonstrate that, with the selective use of a variety of unlabeled data, our semi-supervised CNN models outperform a strong state-of-the-art supervised classification model by +9.9% F1-score. We evaluated our models on the Twitter data set used in the PSB 2016 Social Media Shared Task. Our results present the new state-of-the-art for this data set.
New multidentate ligands. XXI. Synthesis, proton, and metal ion binding affinities of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>″-tris[2-(<i>N</i>-hydroxycarbamoyl)ethyl]-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BAMTPH) (1983)

Synthesis of a new tris-bidentate multidentate ligand, N,N′,N″-tris[2-(N-hydroxycarbamoyl)ethyl]-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BAMTPH), designed for the binding of trivalent metal ions such as Fe(III), Ga(III), and Al(III), is described. Its cation binding affinities for hydrogen ion and for Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ga(III), and Al(III) ions are described, and the equilibrium data are compared with those of analogous ligands. The binding constants of trivalent metal ions with the ligand do not show a chelate effect relative to the binding to individual bidentate hydroxamic acids.
Future Directions in Intravascular Ultrasound (1995)

Intravascular ultrasound imaging requires both a small transducer assembly and catheter delivery system with optimal flexibil‐ ity and steerability. At this moment, multiele‐ ment electronic arrays provide an optimal catheter delivery system but the transducer assembly is both complicated and expensive while the image quality remains rather fair. Most intravascular ultrasound systems use mechanically rotated ultrasound beam generated by a single element. These systems provide good image quality but the need of a drive shaft restricts both the flexibility and steer ability of the catheter delivery system (Table I). In addition, the drive shaft behaves like spring and due to the curved trajectory of the catheter tube in the vascular system, a complicated frictional interaction will occur. The shaft will show a tendency to wind and unwind during one revolution, yielding a certain unpredictability of the angular position of the scanning head relative to that of the proximal system (Fig. 1).1
A Flow Cytometric Method for Rapid Determination of Sperm Concentration and Viability in Mammalian and Avian Semen (2004)

A new flow cytometric method has been developed to rapidly determine sperm concentration and viability in semen from bulls and boars. Sperm viability was determined on the basis of staining with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI), and this allowed detection of live (membrane-intact) sperm, dying (moribund) sperm, as well as dead cells. Fluorescent microspheres (beads) were used to determine sperm concentration. The use of SYBR-14 at 50 nM and PI at 12 micro M in combination with the FACSCount diluent in the counting tubes resulted in a uniform staining after 2.5-5 minutes at room temperature. Reagent staining was reproducible enough to allow subsequent semiautomated analysis of data using Attractors software. In experiment 1, this method was used to analyze semen from boars, rams, rats, rabbits, humans, and turkeys. In experiment 2, Attractors analysis was performed by the FACSCount AF flow cytometer, and sperm concentration determination with this system was compared with results obtained by a spectrophotometer and an electronic cell counter, which is routinely used by bull artificial insemination centers. When compared to microscopic counting in a hemocytometer, the FACSCount AF flow cytometer was two and four times more accurate than the spectrophotometer and the electronic cell counter, respectively. In addition, the FACSCount AF flow cytometer determined both sperm concentration (coefficient of variation 3.3%) and sperm viability (coefficient of variation 0.7%) with high precision.
Gonadotrophic Hormones in Pollen Grains of the Date Palm (1960)

1 - Gonadotrophic hormones have been identified to be present in pollen grains powder of date palm including both FSH and LH. 2 - The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is present in pollen in approximate concentration of 100 I.U./10 grams pollen and the luteinising hormone (LH) about 3-4 I.U./10 grams pollen. 3 - These findings confirm the use of pollen grain of the palm by the Bedwins for treating sterility.
Accurately modeling speculative instruction fetching in trace-driven simulation (1999)

Performance evaluation of modern, highly speculative, out-of-order microprocessors and the corresponding production of detailed, valid, accurate results have become serious challenges. A popular evaluation methodology is trace-driven simulation which provides the advantage of a highly portable simulator that is independent of the constraints of the trace generation system. While developing and maintaining a trace-driven simulator is relatively easier than other alternatives, a primary drawback is the inability to accurately simulate speculative instruction fetching and subsequent execution. Fetching from an incorrect path occurs often in a speculative processor, however it is difficult to capture this information in a trace. This paper investigates a scheme to accurately model instruction fetching within a trace-driven framework. This is accomplished by recreating an approximate copy of the object code segment, which we call resurrected code, using a preliminary pass through the trace. We discuss a fast and memory-efficient method for implementing this resurrected code.
HIV‐1 Protease and Reverse‐Transcriptase Mutations: Correlations with Antiretroviral Therapy in Subtype B Isolates and Implications for Drug‐Resistance Surveillance (2005)

Background. It is important, for drug-resistance surveillance, to identify human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains that have undergone antiretroviral drug selection.Methods. We compared the prevalence of protease and reverse-transcriptase (RT) mutations in HIV-1 sequences from persons with and without previous treatment with protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs), and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). Treatment-associated mutations in protease isolates from 5867 persons and RT isolates from 6247 persons were categorized by whether they were polymorphic (prevalence, >0.5%) in untreated individuals and whether they were established drug-resistance mutations. New methods were introduced to minimize misclassification from transmitted resistance, population stratification, sequencing artifacts, and multiple hypothesis testing.Results. Some 36 established and 24 additional nonpolymorphic protease mutations at 34 positions were related to PI treatment, 21 established and 22 additional nonpolymorphic RT mutations at 24 positions with NRTI treatment, and 15 established and 11 additional nonpolymorphic RT mutations at 15 positions with NNRTI treatment. In addition, 11 PI-associated and 1 NRTI-associated established mutations were polymorphic in viruses from untreated persons.Conclusions. Established drug-resistance mutations encompass only a subset of treatment-associated mutations; some of these are polymorphic in untreated persons. In contrast, nonpolymorphic treatment-associated mutations may be more sensitive and specific markers of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance.
Spin transport and relaxation in superconductors (2002)

We study theoretically the effect of spin relaxation on the spin transport in a ferromagnet/superconductor (FM/SC) tunnel junction. When spin-polarized electrons are injected into the SC from the FM, nonequilibrium spin accumulation as well as spin current are created in the range of the spin diffusion length in the SC. We find that the spin diffusion length in the superconducting state is the same as that in the normal state. We examine a FM/SC/SC double tunnel junction, and show that the spin current is detected by the Joule heat generated at the Josephson junction. This provides a method to obtain the spin diffusion length by probing the spin current in SC's.
Oxidative Burst Elicited by <i>Bacillus mycoides</i> Isolate Bac J, a Biological Control Agent, Occurs Independently of Hypersensitive Cell Death in Sugar Beet (2003)

Response of sugar beet cultivars C40 and USH11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead Bacillus mycoides isolate Bac J, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of Erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of Cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and beta-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. Priming sugar beet with B. mycoides Bac J (1 x 10(8) cells/ml) and avirulent isolates of E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum (1 x 10(6) cells/ml) reduced C. beticola symptoms by nearly 70% on distal, untreated leaves. Systemic resistance responses elicited by live B. mycoides Bac J and avirulent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum isolates, measured by assays for chitinase and beta-glucanase, were statistically equivalent, and biphasic hydrogen peroxide production was observed. Although similar in timing, the second hydrogen peroxide burst was twofold lower for B. mycoides Bac J than for avirulent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum. Hypersensitive cell death was elicited by avirulent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum but not B. mycoides Bac J. An oxidative burst was elicited by spray-applied B. mycoides Bac J under both light and green light conditions, indicating that the signal produced by B. mycoides Bac J was not reliant on the stomata for entry into sugar beet. A working model for signal delivery and systemic resistance induction by B. mycoides Bac J in sugar beet is proposed.
High occupancy of σ1 receptors in the human brain after single oral administration of donepezil: a positron emission tomography study using [11C]SA4503 (2009)

The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor donepezil is also a sigma1 receptor agonist. We examined whether donepezil binds to sigma1 receptors in the living human brain after a single oral administration. Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) data acquisition using the selective sigma1 receptor ligand [11C]SA4503 was performed to evaluate quantitatively the binding of [11C]SA4503 to sigma1 receptors in eight healthy male volunteers. Each subject had a PET scan before and after receiving a single dose of donepezil (5 or 10 mg). The binding potential of [11C]SA4503 was calculated. Doses of 5 mg and 10 mg donepezil bound to sigma1 receptors in the human brain with occupancies of approximately 60% and approximately 75%, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that donepezil binds to sigma1 receptors in the living human brain at therapeutic doses. Therefore, sigma1 receptors may be implicated in the pharmacological mechanism of donepezil in the human brain.