gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase-2 induction by paclitaxel, docetaxel, and taxane analogues in human monocytes and murine macrophages: structure-activity relationships and their implications. (2002)

Paclitaxel and docetaxel can induce pro-inflammatory proteins, typified by cyclooxygenase-2 (prostaglandin H synthase). In some circumstances, this phenomenon may be relevant to the immunomodulatory actions and the adverse effects associated with paclitaxel or docetaxel. Accordingly, we compared a panel of sixteen taxanes, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, for their ability to induce cyclooxygenase-2 in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and in human peripheral blood monocytes. We discovered that the structure-activity relationships governing the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 protein differ markedly between the two species. Of 14 analogues evaluated, only 2 had activity comparable with paclitaxel in RAW 264.7 cells. In contrast, docetaxel and 12 of 14 analogues had activity comparable with paclitaxel in human monocytes. Our results enabled us to predict and subsequently affirm that the major human hepatic metabolite, 6alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel, would induce cyclooxygenase-2 in human cells but not in murine cells. Our structure-activity data and our experiments with combinations of taxanes suggest a provisional model for cyclooxygenase-2 induction. This model suggests that binding at a high-affinity site on tubulin and stabilization of microtubules is necessary, but not sufficient, for cyclooxygenase-2 induction. Binding at a second, lower-affinity receptor site is also necessary. However, our structure activity data are not fully compatible with two candidate proteins currently proposed as the low-affinity receptor.
Sleep Disturbances Associated with Parkinson's Disease (2011)

Sleep disturbances are common problems affecting the quality life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and are often underestimated. The causes of sleep disturbances are multifactorial and include nocturnal motor disturbances, nocturia, depressive symptoms, and medication use. Comorbidity of PD with sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, or circadian cycle disruption also results in impaired sleep. In addition, the involvement of serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic neurons in the brainstem as a disease-related change contributes to impaired sleep structures. Excessive daytime sleepiness is not only secondary to nocturnal disturbances or dopaminergic medication but may also be due to independent mechanisms related to impairments in ascending arousal system and the orexin system. Notably, several recent lines of evidence suggest a strong link between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. In the present paper, we review the current literature concerning sleep disorders in PD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of AChE Inhibitory Activity of 5,6‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazinyloxyacetyl‐4‐substituted Thiosemicarbazides, Triazoles and N‐Benzylidene Derivatives. (1984)

Abstract 3‐Hydroxy‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazin (IIIa) wird aus Benzil (I) und Sernicarbazid (II) hergestellt, weiter zum Etherester (IIIb) kondensiert und dieser in das Etherhydrazid (IV) umgewandelt.
Parallel decoding for channels with jamming (2003)

The authors describe optimum decoding algorithms that can be useful for channels with various forms of interference. These algorithms consider constrained receiver complexity in the following sense. For a fixed number of decoders or demodulators, or for a fixed tolerable time delay for multiple decoding attempts, what is the best decoding algorithm? Optimality is defined as the maximum least cost incurred by a jammer to cause a decoding error (or failure). The design of the decoders or demodulators is determined by a set of thresholds, each of which determines an erasure region. It is demonstrated that the formulation considered here is solvable for many channels including the simple M-ary input-output channel with the Hamming distance as the cost function, the additive channel where the cost function corresponds to Euclidean distance, and a noncoherent channel with ratio-threshold-like decision rules and difference metric decision rules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Health Benefits of Berries for Potential Management of Hyperglycemia and Hypertension (2010)

Many studies have suggested that major chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer are influenced by dietary and lifestyle factors. It is projected that the total worldwide mortality attributed to inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables is around 2.6 million deaths per year. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes has increased dramatically over the past 40 years globally and is projected to reach 400 million by 2030. In the USA, diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death with 90% of the cases being adult onset type 2 diabetes. Thus, there is a need to investigate the biochemical and metabolic relevance of readily available fruits and vegetables commonly consumed by the population which could help in the overall management of type 2 diabetes, along with life style changes and medications when relevant. In this context, berry fruits and berry-derived products are commonly consumed in the diet and are considered one of the best dietary sources of phenolic compounds which are associated with several potential health benefits related to management of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
Self-assembled epitaxial and polycrystalline magnetic nickel nanocrystallites (2001)

Nanocrystalline nickel particles were embedded in amorphous alumina and crystalline TiN matrices using a pulsed-laser deposition process to investigate the effect of texturing on magnetic properties of nickel nanocrystallites. The crystalline quality of both the matrix and magnetic particles were investigated by cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The embedded Ni nanocrystals were found to be epitaxial in case of TiN matrix and polycrystalline in Al2O3 amorphous matrix. The Ni nanocrystals on TiN/Si grow epitaxially because the TiN acting as a template grows epitaxially on Si substrate via domain epitaxy. On the other hand, Ni nanocrystals in Al2O3 matrix are polycrystalline because of the amorphous nature of the alumina matrix. Magnetization versus temperature measurements have shown that the blocking temperature, above which the samples lose magnetization-field (M–H) hysteretic behavior, of Ni–TiN sample (∼190 K) is significantly higher than that of Ni–Al2O3 sample (∼30 K) with a similar size distribution of embedded magnetic particles. A comparison of the values of coercivity (Hc) of the two samples, measured from M–H data, indicates that epitaxial Ni nanocrystals also exhibit significantly higher coercivity than polycrystalline Ni particles. The high values of TB and Hc of Ni–TiN samples with respect to TB of Ni–Al2O3 samples are believed to be associated with preferred alignment of nanocrystallites.
A Cash Flow Blockchain Based Privacy-Preserving (2018)

The synchronous circulation of cash flow and information flow is the core problem to be solved between the People's Bank of China's Clearing Center and commercial banks or among commercial banks themselves, which extends the problems of the traceability of the RMB serial number and the tracking of counterfeit money. By introducing the blockchain technology, this paper are designing a cash flow system based on the League chain among the People's Bank and commercial banks by using the characteristics of its decentration, non tampering, the privacy-preserving mechanism and other characteristics. It aims to enhance the efficiency of cross-bank cash transfer, reduce unnecessary costs in the process of cash clearing, and solve the problem of the circulation of information on the serial number.
Quasiballistic Magnetization Reversal (2003)

We demonstrate a quasiballistic switching of the magnetization in a microscopic magnetoresistive memory cell. By means of time resolved magnetotransport, we follow the large angle precession of the free layer magnetization of a spin valve cell upon application of transverse magnetic field pulses. Stopping the field pulse after a 180 degrees precession rotation leads to magnetization reversal with reversal times as short as 165 ps. This switching mode represents the fundamental ultrafast limit of field induced magnetization reversal.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>: characterization and isolation of a 57/51,000 m.w. surface glycoprotein (GP57/51) expressed by epimastigotes and bloodstream trypomastigotes. (1986)

We have recently described the application of a purified glycoprotein of 25,000 Mr (GP25) of Trypanosoma cruzi in serodiagnosis of Chagas' disease. Purified GP25 lacks appreciable immunogenicity in some animal species, in spite of being generally antigenic to parasitized hosts. The underlying cause for these contrasting observations has not been determined, but it may relate to the drastic extraction conditions used in the original isolation procedure, and possible damage inflicted to the native form of this antigen. This report describes the molecular properties of a GP25-related primary antigen, and a fast performance liquid chromatographic (FPLC) procedure to attain its isolation under gentle conditions. The expression of GP25-related antigen by epimastigotes or bloodstream forms was investigated with a high-affinity monoclonal antibody to GP25, SC11G10, as well as with monospecific antisera to GP25. Immunochemical analysis of Nonidet P-40 lysates supplemented with protease inhibitors indicated that GP25 is not synthesized as such; instead, a 57,000 Mr component (GP57) was identified as the primary antigen product. Partial enzymatic conversion to GP25 was observed when inhibitors were deliberately omitted from cell extracts. Most significantly, GP57 was established as the primary biosynthetic product in [35S]-labeled bloodstream trypomastigotes after immunoprecipitation with SC11G10 antibody. This analysis when applied to metabolically labeled epimastigotes has consistently revealed a minor antigen component of 51,000 Mr (GP51), in addition to GP57. The former was identified as the antigenically related product exposed at the parasite cell surface after external radioiodination of viable trypanosomes. Access to the native form of this widely distributed surface glycoprotein should stimulate the investigation of functional and structural aspects of its immunologic activity.
Visceral adiposity as a target for the management of the metabolic syndrome (2011)

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD), develops due not only to a single cardiovascular risk factor but to a variety of complex factors. The concept of the multiple cardiometabolic risk factor clustering syndrome has been proposed as a highly atherogenic state, independent of hypercholesterolemia and smoking. Body fat distribution, especially visceral fat accumulation, is a major correlate of a cluster of diabetogenic, atherogenic, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory metabolic abnormalities referred to as the metabolic syndrome, with dysfunctional adipocytes and dysregulated production of adipocytokines (hypoadiponectinemia). Medical research has focused on visceral adiposity as an important component of the syndrome in Japanese subjects with a mild degree of adiposity compared with Western subjects. For the prevention of ACVD at least in Japan, it might be practical to stratify subjects with multiple risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease based on visceral fat accumulation. Visceral fat reduction through health promotion programs using risk factor-oriented approaches may be effective in reducing ACVD events, as well as producing improvement in risks and hypoadiponectinemia. This review article discusses visceral adiposity as a key player in the syndrome. Visceral fat reduction with life-style modification is a potentially useful strategy in the prevention of ACVD in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
In vitro evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitors as combination agents for colorectal cancer. (2009)

Our findings show additive chemoresponsiveness of colorectal tumors to HDAC inhibitors in combination with established regimens. The significant parameters associated with combination regimens of targeted drugs and HDACIs may be applied as effective chemosensitive markers in future clinical trials.
Testing the 60 mj pulsed homopolar power supply at the university of texas center for electromechanics (2005)

The Center for Electromechanics at the University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) has successfully designed, built, and tested homopolar generators (HPGs) since 1972. These machines exhibit high energy storage densities and are capable of converting stored inertial energy to electrical energy at extremely high power levels. This feature makes them well suited for for a wide range of applications including thermonuclear fusion, resistance welding, pulse sintering, and electromagnetic launchers. In December 1988, CEM-UT along with Parker Kinetic Designs, Inc. (PKD) completed acceptance testing of the latest in this technology: the Balcones 60 Mj pulsed homopolar generator power supply (BHPG). This power supply is presently capable of producing 9 MA at 100 V. This paper describes the BHPG systems and operating characteristics. Data is presented from commissioning short circuit tests for the six generator system, including single and multiple generator tests, as well as system performance levels during railgun solid armature tests.
X-Ray Diffraction Using Synchrotron Radiation - A Catalysis Perspective (1988)

Abstract Synchrotron X-radiation provides unique opportunities for diffraction experiments and, therefore, for extending our understanding of the structure - property interplay in catalyst systems. The present status of opportunities and applications of synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques in the structural chemistry and catalysis science areas is overviewed, and illustrated by selected recent results.
Differential scanning calorimetry studies of the inverse temperature transition of the polypentapeptide of elastin and its analogues (1990)

Differential scanning calorimetry studies have been carried out on the sequential polypeptide of elastin, (L-Val1-L-Pro2-Gly3-L-Val4-Gly5)n, abbreviated as PPP, and its more hydrophobic analogues (L-Leu1-L-Pro2-Gly3-L-Val4-Gly5)n, referred to as Leu1-PPP, and (L-Ile1-L-Pro2-Gly3-L-Val4-Gly5)n, referred to as Ile1-PPP Consistent with inverse temperature transitions, the temperatures of the transitions for which maximum heat absorption occurs are inversely proportional to the hydrophobicities of the polypentapeptides (31 degrees C for PPP, 16 degrees C for Leu1-PPP, and 12 degrees C for Ile1-PPP), and the endothermic heats of the transitions are small and increase with increasing hydrophobicity, i.e., 1.2, 2.9, and 3.0 kcal/mol pentamer for PPP, Leu1-PPP, and Ile1-PPP, respectively. Previous physical characterizations of the polypentapeptides have demonstrated the occurrence of an inverse temperature transition since increase in order, as the temperature is raised above that of the transition, has been repeatedly observed using different physical characterizations. Furthermore, the studies demonstrated identical conformations for PPP and Il21-PPP above and below the transition. Both heats and temperatures of the transitions vary with hydrophobicity, but not in simple proportionality.
The solution structure of DNA decamer duplex containing the Dewar product of thymidylyl(3′→5′)thymidine by NMR and full relaxation matrix refinement (1998)

The (6-4) adducts and their Dewar isomers play an important role in cytotoxicity and mutation in skin cells exposed to sunlight. Structural study of the DNA duplex containing a site-specific photoproduct is an essential step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the mutagenesis and the repair activity of UV-irradiated DNA. Here we use 1H NMR spectroscopy and full relaxation matrix refinement to investigate the solution structure of the duplex Dewar decamer. We find that the isomerization of the (6-4) adduct to its Dewar form induces a substantial change in overall structure of the oligonucleotide duplex. Contrasting base stacking of two lesion sites results in a large difference in the structural impacts induced by the two photoproducts, such as differential disruption of hydrogen bonding at the lesion sites and overall helical bending of 44 degrees by the (6-4) lesion and 21 degrees by the Dewar lesion.
Clinical characteristics of bladder cancer in patients previously treated with radiation for prostate cancer (2006)

Bladder cancer is diagnosed later, and is of higher grade, in patients who are irradiated for prostate cancer than in those treated with other methods. Patients with prostate cancer who are treated with RT should be monitored closely for the presence of bladder cancer.
TuRF: Fast Data Collection for Fingerprint-based Indoor Localization (2017)

Many infrastructure-free indoor positioning systems rely on fine-grained location-dependent fingerprints to train models for localization. The site survey process to collect fingerprints is laborious and is considered one of the major obstacles to deploying such systems. In this paper, we propose TuRF, a fast path-based fingerprint collection mechanism for site survey. We demonstrate the feasibility to collect fingerprints for indoor localization during walking along predefined paths. A step counter is utilized to accommodate the variations in walking speed. Approximate location labels inferred from the steps are then used to train a Gaussian Process regression model. Extensive experiments show that TuRF can significantly reduce the required time for site survey, without compromising the localization performance.
Albumin resuscitation increases cardiomyocyte contractility and decreases nitric oxide synthase II expression in rat endotoxemia* (2003)

We conclude that following lipopolysaccharide injection, volume resuscitation improves cardiomyocyte fractional shortening. Albumin resuscitation is particularly beneficial in preventing reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, and this benefit may be related to an albumin-induced reduction in nitric oxide synthase II protein and messenger RNA expression following endotoxin injection.
THE AVON PATELLO FEMORAL ARTHROPLASTY. TWO TO FIVE YEAR RESULTS. (2003)

Isolated patellofemoral arthritis occurs in up to 10% of patients suffering osteoarthritis of the knee. Previous reports of several different patellofemoral designs have given indifferent results. The Lubinus prosthesis has been shown to have a 50% failure rate at eight years in a study of 76 cases. The main reasons for failure were mal-alignment, wear, impingement and disease progression. As a result of these studies, a new prosthesis was designed to solve some of these problems. The Avon patellofemoral arthroplasty was first implanted in September 1996. The cases have been entered into a prospective review with evaluations at eight months, two years and five years. The outcome was assessed using pain scores, Bartlett’s patella score and the Oxford knee score. To date, 186 knees have been treated; over 100 knees have been reviewed at two years and 20 knees at five years. The main pain score improved from a pre-operative level of 13.5 points out of 40 to 33.5 points at two years and 36 at five years. The mean pre-operative movement was 109° and this increased to 120° at five years. The Bartlett patella score improved from a pre-operative level of 10.5 points out of 30 pre-operatively to 23 points at two years and 25 at five years. The Oxford knee score was 20 points out of 48 pre-operatively and this improved to 35 points at two years and 40 points at five years. One patient developed subluxation, which required distal soft tissue realignment. No other patient has developed problems with alignment or wear. Ten knees have developed evidence of disease progression usually in the medial compartment of which six have required revision to a total knee replacement. The results to date suggest that this improved design has all but eliminated the previous problems of malalignment and early wear. The functional results are as good or better than those of a total knee replacement. There is a low complication rate and an excellent range of movement. Disease progression remains a potential problem. This type of prosthesis offers a reasonable alternative to total knee replacement in this small group of patients with isolated, early patellofemoral disease.
Optical vortex with a small core and Gaussian intensity envelope for light-matter interaction (2017)

Optical vortices with a vortex core size that is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the laser beam waist is presented. The optical vortex is generated by a spiral phase plate (SPP) and counterrotating optical vortex pairs are created in a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer surrounded by a 4f lens arrangement. The azimuthal variation of the counterrotating optical vortex forms a sinusoidal intensity modulation for which the winding number of the optical vortex is deduced accurately and precisely by fitting it to a sinusoidal function. These results are of interest in designing novel optical vortex gratings for manipulating matter waves (e.g., in Kapitza–Dirac scattering). A theory of atomic angular Kapitza–Dirac scattering with optical vortices is presented. The large beam waist combined with a small optical vortex core size would also be of interest when using an optical vortex to perform spectroscopy in a wide range of matter systems including solid, liquid, atomic, and molecular systems, as well as in short-range optical communication.
Simulation Models in the Architectural Design Process (1981)

Architectural design is a problem solving process and with the growing acceptance of the principle of public participation it has become, at least ideally, a more democratic process than in the past. An effective design process requires communication between the architect and the client to achieve optimal design solutions. The simulation of the ideas and intentions of both the architect and the client are a necessary part of that communication. Design by drawing has been the most common way to simulate design proposals, yet the public have difficulty in reading two dimensional representations of space. Facilities now exist for the three dimensional representation of space; in this article one such facility that permits the simulation of design proposals at full scale is described. An approach for the participation of the public in the design process is also given, and some reasons for the different ways sketches and models are read by the public are presented.