gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cervical Assessment by Ultrasound for Preventing Preterm Delivery (2009)

Currently there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening of asymptomatic or symptomatic pregnant women with TVU CL. Since there is a non-significant association between knowledge of TVU CL results and a lower incidence of PTB at less than 37 weeks in symptomatic women, we encourage further research. Future studies should look at specific populations separately (eg singleton versus twins; symptoms of PTL or no such symptoms), report on all pertinent maternal and perinatal outcomes, and include cost-effectiveness analyses. Most importantly, future studies should include a clear protocol for management of women based on TVU CL results, so that it can be easily evaluated and replicated.
Role of osteopontin in amplification and perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis (2005)

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein of pleiotropic properties and has been recently recognized as a potential inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that overexpression of OPN in synovial T cells is associated with local inflammatory milieu and that OPN acts as an important mediator in amplification and perpetuation of rheumatoid synovitis. The study revealed that mRNA expression of OPN was highly elevated in CD4(+) synovial T cells derived from patients with RA, which correlated with increased OPN concentrations in synovial fluid (SF). The pattern of OPN overexpression was confined to rheumatoid synovium and correlated with coexpression of selected OPN receptors in synovial T cells, including integrins αv and β1 and CD44. RA-derived SF stimulated the expression of OPN in T cells, which was attributable to IL-10 present in SF and abrogated by anti–IL-10 antibody. Among the more than 300 autoimmune and inflammatory response genes examined, OPN selectively induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to promote migration and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it was evident that OPN activated transcription factor NF-κB in mononuclear cells. The study has important implications for understanding the role of OPN in rheumatoid synovitis and other inflammatory conditions.
The efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence, Europe versus the rest of the world: a meta‐analysis (2015)

Both acamprosate and naltrexone appear to reduce the risk of individuals returning to drinking alcohol in those who are alcohol-dependent. The country in which a randomized control trial (RCT) for the efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone is completed does not appear to explain the variance in trial outcomes for returning to drinking alcohol or discontinuing drinking due to adverse effects. However, the country in which the RCT of acamprosate are completed may be important for explaining the variance between studies for the outcome 'discontinuing treatment for any reason'.
Uncontrolled Reoxygenation by Initiating Cardiopulmonary bypass is Associated with Higher Protein S100 in Cyanotic Versus Acyanotic Patients (2000)

Uncontrolled hyperoxic reoxygenation on CPB for surgical correction of congenital heart defects is associated with higher S100 levels in cyanotic infants as compared to acyanotic patients undergoing comparable operations.
Multiple-Target Monopulse Radar Processing Techniques (1968)

The problem of determining target parameters of a known number of radar targets falling in the same range-Doppler-angle-angle resolution cell is examined for the noise-free case. The required minimum number of radar beams is determined, based upon approximating the beam patterns by a Taylor series expansion, both for the general problem and for factorable beams. Signal processors for target position estimation are developed for the two-target case and equations are presented for the general case.
[Clinical implication of serum antibody to Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in patients with gynecological malignancies]. (1988)

Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) is a carbohydrate antigen that is expressed in a variety of cancer tissues. T-antigen is thought to have an antigenicity because circulating T antibodies can be detected as natural antibodies in humans. In this study, we examined the serum T antibody titers in patients with gynecological cancer using the hemagglutination test, and studied the relationship between the expression of T-antigen in cancer tissues and serum TA-4 levels and serum T antibody titers. Serum T antibody titers in patients with gynecological cancer were lower than those in normal controls, especially in endometrial and ovarian cancer (p less than 0.05) in which T-antigen was strongly expressed. Furthermore, the low antibody titers correlated with the expression of T-antigen in cancer tissues. T antibody titers significantly increased (p less than 0.01) after operation and the inverse relationship was found with the levels of circulating TA-4 in cervical cancer patients. These findings suggests that patients with gynecological cancer immunologically responded to T-antigen and the measurement of circulating T antibodies may be useful as an indicator of the progression of cancer in tissues.
A Striking Effect of Ionic‐Liquid Anions in the Extraction of Sr<sup>2+</sup> and Cs<sup>+</sup> by Dicyclohexano‐18‐Crown‐6 (2006)

Abstract The nature of the ionic‐liquid (IL) anion has been found to have a remarkable effect on the solvent extraction of Sr2+ and Cs+ by dicyclohexano‐18‐crown‐6 dissolved in ionic liquids. In particular, the extraction efficiency increases with the hydrophobicity of the IL anion as reflected by the solubility in water of ILs having a common cation. Since a cation‐exchange mechanism is operating in these systems, the influence of the IL anion is in large part attributable to an expected Le Chatelier effect in which a greater aqueous concentration of IL cation, obtained when using an IL anion of lower hydrophobicity, opposes cation exchange. This dependence is opposite to that found for IL cations, indicating a significant advantage of using ILs with hydrophobic anions for cation extraction. Furthermore, the extraction selectivity for Sr2+ over Na+, K+, and Cs+ can be significantly improved through the use of hydrophobic anions for the ILs containing 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cations.
A Comparison of Autorefractor Performance (2004)

Purpose. To compare the agreement between subjective refraction and autorefraction using two commercially available autorefractors. Methods. Prospective data were collected for 190 subjects using either the Nidek ARK-700A (Fremont, CA) or the Topcon KR-8000 (Paramus, NJ) and subjective refraction (masked to autorefraction). Refractions were compared in terms of spherical equivalent using Bland-Altman limits of agreement and astigmatic vector difference using median and 95th percentile. Results. The two groups were similar for age, gender, spherical equivalent, and astigmatic power. The differences in spherical equivalent between subjective and autorefraction were significantly different (mean ± SD; Nidek, −0.03 ± 0.36 D; Topcon, +0.11 ± 0.34 D; analysis of variance, F = 7.84; p < 0.01). However, the 95% limits of agreement were similar: Nidek, −0.74 to +0.68 D; Topcon, −0.55 to +0.77 D. The median differences in astigmatic vector difference were also similar: Nidek, 0.27 D and Topcon, 0.25 D. However, the 95th percentile was 0.67 D for Nidek and 1.09 D for Topcon. There was a low frequency of large (>1.00 D) differences in spherical equivalent, 1.1% with each autorefractor. There were five cases with astigmatic vector difference >1 D, all with the Topcon KR-8000 (5.3%). Conclusions. Both autorefractors show excellent agreement with subjective refraction. Despite a statistically significant difference in mean spherical equivalent (0.14 D), near identical limits of agreement (0.10 D difference) suggest clinical equivalence. Conversely, for astigmatism, despite similar median scores, major outliers were more likely with the Topcon, reflected in a 0.42 D larger 95th percentile, which suggests a small advantage for the Nidek for avoiding large astigmatic errors.
Memory System Design for Chip-Multiprocessors (2005)

These data were collected from the children of Hopi ancestry resulting in MIP and MEP reference equations which should be used when measuring MIP and MEP in these children ages 4-13 years.
Towards social-therapeutic robots: How to strategically implement a robot for social group therapy? (2009)

One of the most innovative applications of robotics is creating artificial social relationships between humans and robots in order to promote healthier and more active lifestyles as a means of long-term, sustainable healthcare solutions. This paper describes a theoretical framework to strategically and effectively implement a sociable robot in a healthcare or elderly care facility. Based on the innovation diffusion theory and the agent-based modeling (ABM) technique, a diffusion model of social interactions between a robot and multiple individuals is proposed. This model links the diffusion of human-robot social interactions (HRSI) to the social characteristics of the first adopters and their subsequent influence on the rest of the social network. Therefore, in our view, determination of innovators in a social group can play an important role in planning robot-assisted social therapy. To identify the innovators in a given social group, an information-theoretic approach based on entropy computation is presented. In addition, a post-experimental analysis method for assessing the effect of the robot in promoting social interactions among group members is proposed based on the entropy reduction due to the social network changes.
Evaluation of a semiquantitative SNAP test for measurement of bile acids in dogs (2014)

Background. Serum bile acids (SBA) are used as a routine screening tool of liver function in dogs. Serum samples are usually shipped to a referral laboratory for quantitative analysis with an enzymatic chemistry analyzer. The canine SNAP Bile Acids Test (SNAP-BAT) provides an immediate, semi-quantitative measurement of bile acid concentrations in-house. With the SNAP-BAT, bile acids concentrations of 5-30 µmol/L are quantified, and results outside of that range are classified as <5 or >30 µmol/L. Agreement of the SNAP-BAT with the enzymatic method has not been extensively investigated. Objectives. The purposes of this prospective clinical study were to assess the precision of the SNAP-BAT and determine agreement of SNAP-BAT with results from an in-house chemistry analyzer. Methods. After verifying intra-assay precision of the SNAP-BAT, a prospective analysis was performed using blood samples collected from 56 dogs suspected to have liver disease. Each sample was analyzed with an enzymatic, in-house chemistry analyzer and the SNAP-BAT. Agreement between the two methods was statistically assessed using the κ index of agreement. Results. Intra-assay variability was minimal. The κ index for agreement between the SNAP-BAT and routine chemistry analyzer was between 0.752 and 0.819, indicating substantial to near perfect agreement. Conclusions. The SNAP-BAT is a highly accurate, semi-quantitative test that yields immediate results, and has very little intra-assay variability, particularly for results >30 µmol/L.
Medical Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1990)

Streptokinase, APSAC, and rtPA clearly reduce mortality in acute myocardial infarction. rtPA is definitely superior at recanalization; it does it faster and more effectively in the first 1-2 h after infusion. There is no evidence that it causes less bleeding, but rather that the proneness to bleeding might be a little higher. rtPA is expensive. Therefore, on the whole, physicians in the United Kingdom mainly use streptokinase and some APSAC. rtPA is probably the best agent for second-time use within 6-12 months of the first use of streptokinase or APSAC, when antibodies may limit the effectiveness of these agents. Aspirin is clearly useful, and one should remember to use it long term in any patient who has had a vascular event. It should not be used for primary prevention except where there is a clear vascular risk. For secondary prevention, it is very effective. Intravenous beta-blockers should be considered for less ill patients, who amount to about 50% of all patients admitted. Beta-blocker treatment reduces cardiac rupture and should be used in conjunction with thrombolysis and continued long term in patients without contraindications. It also has proven antiarrhythmic benefit (sudden death). Anticoagulants are promising but yet to be proven. Nitrates may have a place in the acute therapy of myocardial infarction, but calcium blockers and lidocaine are definitely not suited for routine use. Lidocaine should generally be used only in patients who already have ventricular fibrillation or severe or symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Finally, before getting too enthusiastic, one should remember that this overview deals only with those people who reach the hospital alive. There is a huge number of patients at least equal to those admitted who die before reaching medical help. They have to be prevented from getting a myocardial infarction. Therefore, along with better treatment, we need to focus on prevention, with arguments against smoking, excess weight, and in favor of more exercise. These arguments are still very important.
High density spectral beam combination with spatial chirp precompensation (2011)

A method for spectral combination of lasers with extremely high spectral density is introduced, enabling greater than 80% and theoretically approaching 100% spectral density utilization with no degradation in beam quality. Experiments demonstrating the utility of our method are described, cumulating in a demonstration of a compact, packaged laser with photonic-crystal-fiber-rod amplifiers at 0.5-MW peak power and 0.15-nm wavelength spacing. Our method is potentially scalable to many 100's of channels within the gain bandwidth of high average power or peak power rare earth doped fiber lasers at any wavelength in a compact footprint and uses only reflective optics and gratings.
Potentially beneficial cardiovascular effects of melatonin administration in women (1997)

The cardiovascular effects induced by the daytime administration of melatonin (1 mg) were compared to those of placebo in 12 young women. In order to eliminate cardiovascular effects due to fluctuating endogenous sex steroids, all women were taking a fixed dose of monophasic contraceptive pill. In comparison to placebo, the administration of melatonin reduced, within 90 min, the pulsatility index of the internal carotid artery, evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound (P < 0.01), as well as both systolic and diastolic blood pressure evaluated in supine position (P < 0.01). Supine catecholamine levels were not significantly modified, but norepinephrine levels evaluated after 5 min of standing position were significantly reduced (P < 0.02). These data suggest that in women the administration of 1 mg of melatonin may exert beneficial effects on blood vessels.
Medicina & Laboratorio: renovando el conocimiento hasta en los últimos rincones de Colombia (2008)

Medicine is a dynamic science in constant growth. Technology and scientific knowledge advance at a dizzying pace, generating a rapid out-of-date in professionals related to it. It is considered that at the present time medical knowledge is renewed almost in its entirety every five years, especially with regard to therapeutics and diagnosis. The generation of information is so abundant that it is numerically unprecedented in history and it would be impossible to follow it: The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) has indexed more than 1,300 publications in biomedicine, journals that produce several tens of thousands of original articles enunciating new discoveries. and technological advances that modify prior knowledge in a matter of minutes. The abundance of information exceeds the individual capacity to analyze and update the concepts, necessarily arising out of date. The continuous and permanent education of health professionals more than a devotion should be an obligation, if one takes into account that good medical decisions make the difference between health and disease, between life and death.
Studies in Organo-Silicon Synthesis. III. Two-Stage Wurtz Reactions with Silicon Halides (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in Organo-Silicon Synthesis. III. Two-Stage Wurtz Reactions with Silicon HalidesWalter C. Schumb and Charles M. Saffer Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 93–95Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization and <i>in vivo</i> performance of nitric oxide‐releasing extracorporeal circuits in a feline model of thrombogenicity (2016)

Infection and thrombosis are the two leading complications associated with blood contacting medical devices, and have led to the development of active materials that can delivery antibiotics or antithrombotic agents. Two key characteristics of these materials are the ability to produce controlled delivery, as well as minimal systemic delivery of the agent outside of the device site. Nitric oxide (NO) releasing materials are attractive as NO plays pivotal roles in the body's natural defense against bacterial infection, as well as regulation of platelet adhesion and activation. This work characterizes an NO-releasing extracorporeal circuit (ECC) under flow conditions for the first time, examining the effect of incubation and application of the top coating on leaching of NO donor and NO-release kinetics. Top coated ECCs with incubation delivered ca. 1% of the total NO potential over the 4-h period, whereas uncoated ECCs delivered over 4.5% of the total NO. Incubated ECC loops maintained a flux of 1.83 ± 0.50 × 10<sup>-10</sup> mol min<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> for the full 4 h duration. The NO-releasing ECC loops significantly increased the time-to-clot as compared to the corresponding control (11 ± 3.6 min control, 132 ± 93.0 min NO-releasing) when evaluated in vivo in a feline animal model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 539-546, 2017.
Measurement of rubella antibody by hemagglutination inhibition. I. Variables affecting rubella hemagglutination. (1970)

The variables which affect the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the interaction between fowl erythrocytes and rubella virus were defined and evaluated. The sensitivity of the hemagglutination reaction is at least tenfold greater at pH 6.0 to 6.5 than it is at pH 7.2, the pH of dextrose-gelatin-Veronal which is widely used as diluent for rubella hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) tests. In the presence of 0.001 M Ca ++ ion the reaction is two to eight times more sensitive than it is in the absence of Ca ++ ion. The development of agglutinated and non-agglutinated RBC patterns that are stable and clearly distinguishable from one another is critically dependent upon the concentrations of gelatin and/or albumin in the diluent. The diluents employed in previously published HAI test procedures differ widely with respect to pH, Ca ++ , gelatin and/or albumin concentration. The lack of comparability of HAI test results among laboratories may in part reflect these differences in diluent composition. In an effort to correct such difficulties, optimal conditions for the agglutination of fowl RBC by rubella virus were defined. A 0.14 M NaCl solution buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N9-29-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at pH 6.05 to 6.15, containing 0.001 M CaCl 2 , 1.0% bovine serum albumin and 0.00025% gelatin was shown to provide conditions for a maximally sensitive, stable and clear test. Under these conditions the outcome of the hemagglutination test is solely a function of the concentration of hemagglutinin in the test specimen.
Disruption of the ICOS-B7RP-1 Costimulatory Pathway Leads to Enhanced Hepatic Immunopathology and Increased Gamma Interferon Production by CD4 T Cells in (2003)

Morbidity and mortality in schistosomiasis are largely due to an immune response mediated by CD4 T lymphocytes. Since lymphocyte activation is shaped by costimulatory signals, the specific functions of different costimulatory pathways are of increasing interest. We now examined the role of the inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS) and its ligand B7-related protein 1 (B7RP-1) in the experimental murine schistosome infection by blocking this costimulatory pathway with monoclonal antibody against ICOS, administered daily by intraperitoneal injection during the patent phase of the disease. The treated mice exhibited enhanced hepatic immunopathology characterized by enlarged egg granulomas and pronounced parenchymal inflammation with hepatocellular necrosis, resulting in elevated liver enzyme levels in serum. Most strikingly, there was a sharp increase in gamma interferon (IFN-) production by schistosome egg antigen-stimulated granuloma cells, bulk mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and purified MLN CD4 T cells, which contrasted with a more discreet change in the Th2-type cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10. These findings suggest that the ICOS‐B7RP-1 costimulatory pathway serves primarily to control IFN- production, thereby promoting a cytokine environment conducive to limited hepatic damage.
Handbook of Railway Vehicle Dynamics (2006)

Understanding the dynamics of railway vehicles, and indeed of the entire vehicle-track system, is critical to ensuring safe and economical operation of modern railways. As the challenges of higher speed and higher loads with very high levels of safety require ever more innovative engineering solutions, better understanding of the technical issues a
Fabrication of a nanometric Zn dot by nonresonant near-field optical chemical-vapor deposition (2001)

We demonstrate a technique for the deposition of nanometric Zn dots by photodissociation of gas-phase diethylzinc using an optical near field under nonresonant conditions. The observed deposited Zn dot was less than 50 nm in size. The photodissociation mechanisms are based on the unique properties of optical near fields, i.e., enhanced two-photon absorption, induced near-field transition, and a direct excitation of the vibration-dissociation mode of diethylzinc.
Research and Application of Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in Pharmaceutics (2007)

This article reviews the characteristics,superiority,application and advancement of hydroxypropyl- beta-cyclodextrin in pharmaceutics for the past few years.