gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission Characteristics of InGaN/GaN Core-Shell Nanorods Embedded in a 3D Light-Emitting Diode (2016)

We report the selective-area growth of a gallium nitride (GaN)-nanorod-based InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) core-shell structure embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) light-emitting diode (LED) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and its optical analysis. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) observation revealed the high quality of the GaN nanorods and the position dependence of the structural properties of the InGaN/GaN MQWs on multiple facets. The excitation and temperature dependences of photoluminescence (PL) revealed the m-plane emission behaviors of the InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods. The electroluminescence (EL) of the InGaN/GaN core-shell-nanorod-embedded 3D LED changed color from green to blue with increasing injection current. This phenomenon was mainly due to the energy gradient and deep localization of the indium in the selectively grown InGaN/GaN core-shell MQWs on the 3D architecture.
Dynamic DNS Update Security, Based on Cryptographically Generated Addresses and ID-Based Cryptography, in an IPv6 Autoconfiguration Context (2012)

This paper proposes a new security method for protecting signalling for Domain Name System (DNS) architecture. That is, it makes secure DNS update messages for binding a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of an IPv6 node and the IPv6 address of the node owning this FQDN. This method is based on the use of Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) and IDBased Cryptography (IBC). Combination of these two techniques allows DNS server to check the ownership of the IPv6 address and the FQDN, sent by the DNS client. In addition, this paper describes how this method has been implemented.
Enhancing Surface Plasmon Detection Using Ultrasmall Nanoslits and a Multispectral Integration Method (2010)

Abstract A multispectral integration method to increase the detection limit of gold nanostructures is presented. This method considers all the resonances due to localized surface plasmons, Bloch wave surface plasmons, and Wood’s anomalies. By integrating the wavelength shifts together with intensity changes over these resonances, the detection resolution is increased to about six times larger than that of commonly used wavelength or intensity methods. Further studies with different nanostructures show the detection sensitivity is increased with the decrease of aperture size. The detection limit for 40‐nm nanoslits is improved by about seven times relative to that for 300‐nm nanoslits. For sub‐100‐nm apertures, the detection resolution for nanoslits is better than that for nanoholes due to its non‐cutoff transmission. The advantage of using the multispectral integration method in biosensing is verified by antigen–antibody interaction experiments.
The Bcl-2 Family as a Rational Target for the Treatment of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (2010)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in the Western world, characterized by clonal growth and accumulation of monoclonal CD5+ B-cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs. Although the clinical course in B-CLL patients is highly variable, the most conserved feature is the prolonged survival of malignant B-cells, which has been associated to defects in the apoptotic machinery. The apoptosis defects are mainly determined by a defective balance among pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, often related to resistance of CLL B-cells to chemotherapy. Purine nucleoside analogs or alkylating agents, alone or in combination, are the first-line treatment for B-CLL patients. Alternative, more specifically tailored therapeutics have been developed in recent years, including humanized monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors. Here we shall review the drugs which are commonly used or are currently being assessed in clinical trials on B-CLL patients, their chemical structure, mechanisms of action, pharmacological properties, molecular targets, clinical efficacy and side effects, with a focus on drugs designed to promote apoptosis of malignant B-cells by targeting the Bcl-2 family.
Similarity between a ubiquitous promoter element in an ancient eukaryote and mammalian initiator elements. (1994)

To identify regulatory elements that play a role in transcription initiation in ancient eukaryotes, we have analyzed the upstream regions of protein-coding genes from Trichomonas vaginalis, one of the most ancient eukaryotes studied to date. Characterization of seven protein-coding genes from this protist invariably revealed the presence of a highly conserved DNA sequence motif immediately upstream of the coding region. This 13-nt motif was shown to surround and contain precise sites for transcription initiation. No typical TATA boxes, positioned at 25-30 nt upstream of the transcription start sites of these genes, were found. The start-site regions from all seven T. vaginalis genes impart strong specific initiation of transcription in a mammalian in vitro transcription assay. This consensus promoter element in an ancient eukaryote is similar, both structurally and functionally, to initiator elements found in promoters of higher eukaryotes.
Agile Depth Sensing Using Triangulation Light Curtains (2019)

Depth sensors like LIDARs and Kinect use a fixed depth acquisition strategy that is independent of the scene of interest. Due to the low spatial and temporal resolution of these sensors, this strategy can undersample parts of the scene that are important (small or fast moving objects), or oversample areas that are not informative for the task at hand (a fixed planar wall). In this paper, we present an approach and system to dynamically and adaptively sample the depths of a scene using the principle of triangulation light curtains. The approach directly detects the presence or absence of objects at specified 3D lines. These 3D lines can be sampled sparsely, non-uniformly, or densely only at specified regions. The depth sampling can be varied in real-time, enabling quick object discovery or detailed exploration of areas of interest. These results are achieved using a novel prototype light curtain system that is based on a 2D rolling shutter camera with higher light efficiency, working range, and faster adaptation than previous work, making it useful broadly for autonomous navigation and exploration.
NEW YORK DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1952)

<b>Eczema Threatening Integrity of Skin Graft.</b>Presented byDr. George M. Lewis. J. M., a boy aged 13, presented himself at the dermatology clinic of New York Hospital with dermatitis of the lower extremities of four months' duration. Three months prior to the appearance of the eruption the scar tissue of an old burn had been replaced by split-thickness grafts. He failed to respond to mild local medicaments and even became worse. All possible contact irritants were ruled out, and a biopsy was performed. There is an erythematous, scaling, and exudative dermatitis confined to the site of the skin grafts. Urinalysis showed no abnormalities, and the hemogram was within normal limits. Biopsy showed the epidermis to be tremendously acanthotic with elongation of the rete pegs. Psoriasiform areas of parakeratosis were seen. Marked intracellular and intercellular edema was present. The granular layer was thin or absent. Numerous small vesicles were
Compact outside-rail circuit structure by single-cascode two-transistor topology (2006)

This paper presents a new compact outside-rail circuit structure for future scaled CMOS technology. The proposed circuit is composed of only two transistors connected into a single cascode style for increasing supply voltage to one more nominal supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD </sub> ). The circuit is manufactured and measured. Reliability is also verified by the trajectory plot for gate-source voltage and gate-drain voltage of all devices. The results confirm that triple of nominal supply voltage can be used without any overstress in all CMOS devices. The proposed circuit saves 52% area and improves speed for 40% of the conventional approach in the case of 4V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> . An example of outside-rail opamp is also proposed by using the proposed circuit
HelixFlex : bioinspired maneuverable instrument for skull base surgery (2015)

Endoscopic endonasal surgery is currently regarded as the 'gold standard' for operating on pituitary gland tumors, and is becoming more and more accepted for treatment of other skull base lesions. However, endoscopic surgical treatment of most skull base pathologies, including certain pituitary tumors, is severely impaired by current instruments lack of maneuverability. Especially, gaining access to, and visibility of, difficult-to-reach anatomical corners without interference with surrounding neurovascular structures or other instruments, is a challenge. In this context there is the need for instruments that are able to provide a stable shaft position, while both the orientation and the position of the end-effector can be independently controlled. Current instruments that allow for this level of maneuverability are usually mechanically complex, and hence less suitable for mass production. This study therefore focuses on the development of a new actuation technique that allows for the required maneuverability while reducing the construction complexity. This actuation technique, referred to as multi-actuation, integrates multiple cable routings into a single steerable structure. Multi-actuation has been successfully integrated and tested in a handheld prototype instrument called HelixFlex. HelixFlex contains a 4 degrees of freedom maneuverable 5.8 mm (diameter) tip and shows promising results concerning its maneuverability and potential rigidity.
Characterization of Novel Reverse Transcriptase and Other RNA-associated Catalytic Activities by Human DNA Polymerase γ (2003)

During mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, DNA/RNA heteroduplex intermediates are formed. To understand how and why ribonucleotides are involved in mtDNA replication, we have studied the novel RNA-associated activities of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (Pol gamma), including reverse transcription, RNA-directed 3' --> 5' DNA excision, RNA-primed DNA synthesis, and ribonucleotide incorporation. Remarkably, Pol gamma catalyzes reverse transcription with a slightly higher efficiency than HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, suggesting that the activity may be physiologically significant, and furthermore, proofreading activity with an RNA template was also observed. RNA-primed DNA synthesis activity is required for initiation of mtDNA replication, and we have found that Pol gamma holoenzyme is capable of performing this reaction at a physiologically relevant rate and that the accessory subunit plays an essential role in the initiation steps. Single ribonucleotides have been found scattered in the mtDNA genome, although their role and significance are not yet defined. Our finding that Pol gamma also incorporates ribonucleotide triphosphates into a DNA primer offers a plausible enzymatic pathway for the origin of the RNA-containing mtDNA genome.
Critical behavior at the isotropic-to-nematic phase transition in a bent-core liquid crystal (2006)

Magnetic birefringence and dynamic light scattering measurements of orientational order parameter fluctuations at the isotropic-nematic phase transition of a bent-core liquid crystal reveal a pretransitional temperature dependence consistent with the standard Landau-deGennes mean field theory. However, as follows: the transition in the bent-core compound is more weakly first order (TNI-T* approximately 0.4 degrees C), the leading Landau coefficient is approximately 30 times lower, the viscosity associated with nematic order fluctuations is approximately 10 times higher, and the density change is approximately 10 times lower, than typically observed in calamitic (rod-shaped) liquid crystals. One consistent explanation for these anomalies is an optically isotropic phase composed of microscopic complexes or "clusters" of bent-core molecules.
A 3.6-Gb/s point-to-point heterogeneous-voltage-capable DRAM interface for capacity-scalable memory subsystems (2005)

We describe a DRAM interface operating at 3.6 Gb/s/pin implemented in 130-nm CMOS logic and 110-nm DRAM process technologies. It utilizes simultaneous bidirectional (SBD) signaling in a daisy-chained (repeated), point-to-point configuration to enable high performance scalable memory subsystems; and also provides direct attach capability for DRAMs to memory controllers or other logic devices. Source-synchronous strobes are used for data capture, minimizing strobe-to-data jitter. A low-jitter differential clock retimes the data at each DRAM on a per DIMM basis preventing jitter from accumulating in repeated data. The phase of this clock is adjusted on each DRAM to minimize the latency of the repeaters. 80 mW of total power is dissipated per DRAM I/O at 3.6 Gb/s. We present results from a system using both memory controller and DRAM repeater test chips.
Standardization and Quality Control of PCR Analyses (2000)

In the very beginning of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests entering the field of diagnosis of infectious agents, the introduction of this technology into routine diagnosis was hampered by its frequent tendency to create false-positive results because of contamination. This problem is now widely solved by the introduction of the uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) anticontamination technology. However, care must still be taken to avoid other sources of producing false positive results. They might additionally derive from human error and/or insufficient PCR amplification and detection protocols. A special case lies in the fact that PCR also amplifies DNA from dead organisms rendering a result diagnostically correct as positive, but clinically as false-positive. In PCR, as in any other diagnostic test, the risk of creating a false-negative result also exists. In such a case, the most probable source besides human error, low target or poor amplification and detection protocols is an inhibition caused by interfering substances in a patient's sample. Strategies to recognize and overcome this issue are discussed in this article. Finally a few results from quality control studies on amplification technologies in the diagnosis of infectious agents are reviewed.
Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors (2019)

Recent history is punctuated by the emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS- and MERS-CoV into human circulation. Upon infecting host cells, coronaviruses assemble a multi-subunit RNA-synthesis complex of viral non-structural proteins (nsp) responsible for the replication and transcription of the viral genome. Here, we present the 3.1 Å resolution structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to its essential co-factors, nsp7 and nsp8, using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. nsp12 possesses an architecture common to all viral polymerases as well as a large N-terminal extension containing a kinase-like fold and is bound by two nsp8 co-factors. This structure illuminates the assembly of the coronavirus core RNA-synthesis machinery, provides key insights into nsp12 polymerase catalysis and fidelity and acts as a template for the design of novel antiviral therapeutics.
Art and Reality (1943)

The physical realities of painting are limited to rhythmic movements of line and inter-relations of areas of color on a flat surface—the rest is illusion. The grand rhythm of a design is a reality; the depicted scene is not.This may be the explanation of the complete satisfaction which many find in abstract or non-objective painting. Their real world is about them, to see and experience at first hand; they desire no pictorial illusions of it. As part of that real world however, they recognize color and design and the inventive genius of the artist. When these are combined to give life to a rectangle of canvas within a frame, a new object—a totally real object—has come into existence for the decoration of a wall. Its freedom from illusion, its concentration on the great realities of rhythm and color relations, become for them the source of a greater esthetic delight than an imitation of nature.
Biomechanical Modeling of Posterior Instrumentation of the Scoliotic Spine (2003)

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformation of the spine that can be treated by vertebral fusion using surgical instrumentation. However, the optimal configuration of instrumentation remains controversial. Simulating the surgical maneuvers with personalized biomechanical models may provide an analytical tool to determine instrumentation configuration during the pre-operative planning. Finite element models used in surgical simulations display convergence difficulties as a result of discontinuities and stiffness differences between elements. A kinetic model using flexible mechanisms has been developed to address this problem, and this study presents its use in the simulation of Cotrel-Dubousset Horizon surgical maneuvers. The model of the spine is composed of rigid bodies corresponding to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and flexible elements representing the intervertebral structures. The model was personalized to the geometry of three scoliotic patients (with a thoracic Cobb angle of 45 degrees, 49 degrees and 39 degrees ). Binary joints and kinematic constraints were used to represent the rod-implant-vertebra joints. The correction procedure was simulated using three steps: (1) Translation of hooks and screws on the first rod; (2) 90 degrees rod rotation; (3) Hooks and screws look-up on the rod. After the simulation, slight differences of 0-6 degrees were found for the thoracic spine scoliosis and the kyphosis, and of 1-8 degrees for the axial rotation of the apical vertebra and for the orientation of the plane of maximum deformity, compared to the real post-operative shape of the patient. Reaction loads at the vertebra-implant link were mostly below 1000 N, while reaction loads at the boundary conditions (representing the overall action of the surgeon) were in the range 7-470 N and maximum torque applied to the rod was 1.8 Nm. This kinetic modeling approach using flexible mechanisms provided a realistic representation of the surgical maneuvers. It may offer a tool to predict spinal geometry correction and assist in the pre-operative planning of surgical instrumentation of the scoliotic spine.
Synthesis of L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-but-3-enoic acid (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-but-3-enoic acidDennis D. Keith, John A. Tortora, and Roxana YangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3711–3713Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1370Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acupuncture Points of Sacral Plexus (1985)

This is the sixth and final communication in a series describing acupuncture points by anatomic nomenclature. Most acupuncture points on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the lower limb are located along routes of the sacral plexus. These points belong to acupuncture meridians carrying "Yang energy" in the lower limbs. The meridians are traditionally known as the Urinary Bladder on the posterior surface of the lower limb, Gall Bladder on the lateral surface of the lower limb, and Stomach on the anterior surface of the leg and dorsum of the foot.
Fusion power: status and options (1977)

The Electric Power Research Institute presents an overall review of the status of fusion power development, unique in its broad and up-to-date coverage of the worldwide fusion program. Both magnetic and inertial confinement are described. Options available from the various confinement concepts, as well as the various fuel cycles, are discussed. The engineering challenges ahead as this technology evolves towards commercial fusion power are outlined. In addition to electric power production, other potential applications of this primary energy source are described. The utility requirements as currently perceived are presented, as well as the safety and environmental issues that must be addressed. The report has been reviewed both in the United States and by international reviewers.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLOSED- AND OPEN-SHELL PISTACHIO NUTS USING VOICE-RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY (2004)

An algorithm using speech recognition technology was developed to distinguish pistachio nuts with closed shellsfrom those with open shells. It was observed that upon impact with a steel plate, nuts with closed shells emit different soundsthan nuts with open shells. Features extracted from the sound signals consisted of mel-cepstrum coefficients and eigenvaluesobtained from the principle component analysis (PCA) of the autocorrelation matrix of the sound signals. Classification ofa sound signal was performed by linearly combining the mel-cepstrum and PCA feature vectors. An important property ofthe algorithm is that it is easily trainable, as are most speech-recognition algorithms. During the training phase, sounds ofnuts with closed shells and with open shells were used to obtain a representative vector of each class. During the recognitionphase, the feature vector from the sample under question was compared with representative vectors. The classification accuracyof closed-shell nuts was more than 99% on the validation set, which did not include the training set.