gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D discrete clothoid splines (2002)

A clothoid spline is a planar G/sup 2/ curve with piecewise linear curvature. Its discrete analogon, planar discrete clothoid spline (PDCS for short) generated by non-linear subdivision, is also of high quality owing to piecewise linear curvature distribution. We extend the PDCS to 3D by introducing discrete curvature binormal vectors and a discrete Frenet frame. An algorithm similar to the planar case is developed for creation of 3D discrete clothoid splines, Experiments show that 3D discrete clothoid spline still retains high quality. This result makes it possible to construct discrete clothoid spline surfaces on open triangle meshes or curve nets of arbitrary topology.
Androgens Induce Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity via Caspase-3-Dependent Activation of Protein Kinase Cδ (2009)

Aged men have a greater incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) than women. PD is a neurodegenerative condition associated with the loss of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. This study examined the neurotoxic effects of androgens in a dopaminergic cell line (N27 cells) and the downstream signaling pathways activated by androgens. Treatment of N27 cells with testosterone- and dihydrotestosterone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, protein kinase C (PKC)-delta cleavage, and apoptosis in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Inhibition of caspase-3 prevented the cleavage of PKCdelta from the full-length element to the catalytic fragment and apoptosis in N27 cells, suggesting that androgen-induced apoptosis is mediated by caspase-3-dependent activation of PKCdelta. Androgen-induced apoptosis may be specific to dopamine neurons as evidenced by a lack of testosterone-induced apoptosis in GnRH neurons. These results support a neurotoxic consequence of testosterone on dopaminergic neurons and may provide insight into the gender bias found in PD.
Estimating mass discharge from dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zones using upscaled mass transfer coefficients: An evaluation using multiphase numerical simulations (2006)

Difficulties associated with identifying the dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture at the field scale, combined with the computational costs of field‐scale DNAPL dissolution simulations, have motivated the development of a number of simplified models that rely upon upscaled (i.e., domain‐averaged) mass transfer coefficients to approximate field‐scale dissolution processes. While conceptually attractive, these upscaled models have yet to be fully evaluated for prediction of mass recovery from a range of nonuniform, three‐dimensional DNAPL source zones. This study compares upscaled model predictions of flux‐weighted downstream concentrations and source longevity to predictions derived from three‐dimensional multiphase numerical simulation of tetrachloroethene (PCE)‐NAPL dissolution for realizations of a statistically homogeneous, nonuniform aquifer. Although the functional forms of the upscaled models are generally shown to be mathematically equivalent, upscaled model flux‐weighted concentration predictions varied by over one order of magnitude, with variations attributed to the dependence of the upscaled model parameters on the specific source zone scenario used for model calibration. Replacement of upscaled model calibration parameters with source zone parameters that can be obtained from site characterization information (specifically, the initial flux‐weighted concentration and source zone ganglia‐to‐pool (GTP) mass ratio) reduced the root‐mean‐square error between upscaled and numerical model predictions by approximately 80%. Application of this modified model to a range of source zone scenarios (0.4 < GTP < ∞) demonstrates the efficacy of the model for use as a screening tool to relate DNAPL mass removal and flux‐weighted concentrations when mass removal is less than 80%.
Photobiological studies with dioxetanes in isolated DNA, bacteria, and mammalian cells. (1990)

1,2-Dioxetanes, efficient chemical sources of triplet excited carbonyl compounds, were observed to be genotoxic in isolated DNA, bacteria, and cultured mammalian cells. In superhelical DNA of bacteriophage PM2, various alkyl- and hydroxyalkyl-substituted dioxetanes (1) induced predominantly endonuclease-sensitive base modifications and only few single strand breaks. With a specific endonuclease a small fraction of the base modifications was identified as pyrimidine dimers. The psoralen dioxetane (2a) or PsD bound photochemically to calf thymus DNA at the alpha-pyrone ring of psoralen (fluorescence measurements). Photobinding was also observed when calf thymus DNA was incubated with psoralen and 3-hydroxymethyl-3,4,4-trimethyl-1,2-dioxetane. In Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts and HL-60 cells, dioxetanes induced DNA single strand breaks. The alkyl- and hydroxyalkyl-substituted dioxetanes 1 and 2 were efficiently inactivated by cysteine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, NADH and FADH2. While dioxetanes 1 and 2 were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, benzofuran dioxetanes 3 exhibited substantial effects. Further data imply that presumably a mutagenic intermediate with a lifetime of a few minutes is produced from the benzofuran dioxetane.
Implementation roadmap using Voronoi diagrams for vision-based robot motion (2010)

In this paper, we present a method to navigate a mobile robot using a webcam. This method determines the shortest path for the robot to transverse to its target location, while avoiding obstacles along the way. The environment is first captured as an image using a webcam. Image processing methods are then performed to identify the existence of obstacles within the environment. Using the Voronoi Diagrams VD(s) method, locations with obstacles are identified and the corresponding Voronoi cells are eliminated. From the remaining Voronoi cells, the shortest path to the goal is identified. The program is written in MATLAB with the Image Processing toolbox. The proposed method does not make use of any other type of sensor other than the webcam.
Influence of Chitosan from Shrimp Skin to Quality and Quantity of Sperm of Albino Rats after Administration of Lead (2014)

Background: Pollution Plumbum (Pb) has become a public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries, such as Asia, Africa and Latin America. For the humans to cause disturbances in the body’s organs such as the testes, will indirectly affect the quantity and quality of sperm.
Aim: In the present study, the ability of lead to adversely affect the male reproductive system was investigated and chitosan (CHn) was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of Pb.
Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar rats, randomised into six groups (n=5), were used for this study. Distilled water administration for 7 weeks (negative control), Pb for 2 weeks + Pb and distilled water for 5 weeks (positive control), Pb for 2 weeks + Pb and chitosan -0.5% for 5 weeks (treatment-1), Pb for 2 weeks + Pb and chitosan-0,75% for 5 weeks (treatment-2), Pb for 2 weeks + Pb and chitosan-1% for 5 weeks (treatment-3). All treatments were for 7 weeks.
Statistical Analysis: Kruskal-Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyse the results obtained.
Results: The obtained results showed that Pb caused a significant reduction in the sperm count, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and sperm viability, but not a significant increase in ratio of testis/100 g body weight of rat. Chitosan, however, significantly reduced these adverse effects of Pb in cauda epididimis (sperm count, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and sperm viability).
Conclusion: These findings lead to the conclusion that chitosan significantly lowered the adverse effects of Pb exposure on the testis as well as Pb-induced oxidative stress.
Effect of strain on p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor current enhancement using stress-modulated silicon nitride films (2005)

The stress in chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride films (∼100nm thick) is modulated by an ion implantation technique. The tensile-strained silicon nitride film is deposited on the back and front sides of a Si wafer. After implantation of P+, As+, Sb+, or BF2+ ion species, the stress of the silicon nitride film becomes compressive on the front side. It can be explained by strain relaxation of Si–N bond on the front side and highly tensile-strained Si–N bond on the back side of wafer. The compressive stress is increased with a double-implantation process because of more atomic collisions in the silicon nitride film, as well as more strain relaxation of Si–N bond on the front side of wafer. After a thermal annealing process, the compressive stress in the silicon nitride film with P+, As+, or Sb+ implantation is reduced, while compressive stress is increased for BF2+ ion implantation due to formation of the B–N bond in silicon nitride film. To justify the stress-modulated silicon nitride film by the ion implantation technique, the p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (p-MOSFET) is fabricated. The drive current of a p-MOSFET is improved by 7–13% for implanted silicon nitride films, due to the compressive strain-induced effective mass lowering in the channel.
Towards Building an Automated Security Compliance Tool for the Cloud (2013)

Security, especially security compliance, is a major concern that is slowing down large scale adoption of cloud computing in the enterprise environment. Governmental regulations, business requirements and trust are among the reasons why enterprises require certain levels of security compliance from cloud providers. So far, security compliance or auditing information has been generated manually by security specialists. This involves manual data collection and assessment, which is slow and expensive. Thus, there is a need for an automated security compliance tool (ASCT) to verify and express the compliance of various cloud providers. Such a tool can reduce the human intervention and eventually reduce the cost and time by verifying the compliance automatically. Also, the tool will enable transparency of the cloud vendors to the customers which in turn will help grow confidence on the cloud vendors. Having these goals in mind, we have developed an architecture to build an ASCT for a cloud computing platform. We have also outlined four possible approaches to achieve this automation. These possible four approaches refer to four data collection mechanisms to collect data from the cloud systems and these are: API, vulnerability scanning, log analysis and manual entry. Finally, we have implemented a proof-of-concept prototype of this ASCT based on the proposed architecture. The prototype is integrated with OpenStack cloud platform and the results are exposed using the CloudAudit API.
Claudin-8 Expression in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells Augments the Paracellular Barrier to Cation Permeation (2003)

Claudins are a family of integral membrane proteins of the tight junction that are thought to participate in the permeation of solutes across epithelia via the paracellular pathway. Claudin-8 is expressed in the distal renal tubule, which has a characteristically low passive permeability to monovalent cations. To test the hypothesis that claudin-8 plays a role in forming a tight paracellular barrier to cations, stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney II cell lines with inducible expression of claudin-8 were generated. Induction of claudin-8 expression was associated with down-regulation of endogenous claudin-2 protein. Other tight junction proteins were expressed and targeted normally, and the number of junctional strands was minimally altered. By Ussing chamber and radiotracer flux studies, claudin-8 expression was found to reduce paracellular permeability to monovalent inorganic and organic cations and to divalent cations but not to anions or neutral solutes. The size selectivity, charge dependence, and activation energy of paracellular cation permeation were all unchanged. These observations are consistent with a model in which claudin-2 encodes a highly cation-permeable channel, whereas claudin-8 acts primarily as a cation barrier. When exogenous claudin-8 is expressed, it replaces endogenous claudin-2, inserting in its place into existing tight junction strands, thereby reducing the apparent number of functional cation pores. Our findings suggest that claudin-8 plays an important role in the paracellular cation barrier of the distal renal tubule.
Friction reduction using discrete surface textures: principle and design (2014)

There have been many reports on the use of dimples, grooves, and other surface textures to control friction in sliding interfaces. The effectiveness of surface textures in friction reduction has been demonstrated in conformal contacts under high speed low load applications such as mechanical seals and automotive water pump seals, etc., resulting in reduced friction and longer durability. For sliding components with higher contact pressures or lower speeds, conflicting results were reported. Reasons for the inconsistency may be due to the differences in texture fabrication techniques, lack of dimple size and shape uniformity, and different tester used.This paper examines the basic principles on which surface textural patterns influence friction under the three principle lubrication regimes: hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic, and boundary lubrication regimes. Our findings suggest that each regime requires specific dimple size, shape, depth, and areal density to achieve friction reduction. Control experiments were also conducted to explore mechanisms of friction reduction. The dimple geometric shape and the dimple's orientation with respect to the sliding direction influence friction significantly. The underlying mechanisms for friction control via textures are discussed.
Laser excited fluorescence of hematoporphyrin derivative for diagnosis of cancer (1984)

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is selectively retained in malignant tumors for several days after intravenous injection. It fluoresces in the red (600-720 nm) when excited by shorter wavelengths, especially violet (near 400 nm). While fluorescence efficiency is not high, it can be detected at parts per million concentrations when excited by a low-background source such as a krypton ion laser (413 nm), and the fluorescence detected by an image intensifier or photomultiplier tube. We have developed an intensifier based fluorescence imaging system for localization of carcinoma in situ of the lung, aided by digital background subtraction in a video system. A ratio fluorometer and spectrum analyzer have been added for research and for quantitative, noncontact measurements of fluorescence intensity and spectrum of HPD fluorescence and autofluorescence of tissue. Research is continuing to determine the optimum time after injection for best contrast, and the maximum allowable dosage of HPD, limited by the induced temporary photosensitivity of the skin. In diagnosis of epithelial or superficial tumors, the monochromatic radiation and suitability for coupling through fiberoptics, as well as reasonable power (typically 15 mW violet is used) are the principal advantages of the laser.
Type XIV collagen is encoded by alternative transcripts with distinct 5' regions and is a multidomain protein with homologies to von Willebrand's factor, fibronectin, and other matrix proteins (1993)

The combined nucleotide sequences of several overlapping cDNAs provide the first complete amino acid sequence of type XIV collagen. Independent confirmation of the deduced sequence is provided by amino acid sequencing of several tryptic peptides isolated from purified chicken skin type XIV collagen. Comparative analyses show that the amino-terminal non-triple-helical region of alpha 1(XIV) chains contains sequence motifs that are similar to alpha 1(IX) collagen, fibronectin type III repeats, and von Willebrand's factor A-domains. The results also strongly suggest that the alpha 1(XIV) collagen gene is identical to the gene encoding the matrix component previously named undulin. cDNAs covering the 5' region of alpha 1(XIV) mRNA fall into two classes with distinct sequences in their 5'-untranslated regions. We believe the two alternative sequences result from differential splicing of the primary transcript. Interestingly, one of the untranslated sequences shows a high degree of identity with the cis-regulatory translational control sequence in the 5'-untranslated region of a Drosophila ribosomal protein mRNA. We hypothesize therefore that the sequence in alpha 1(XIV) collagen may play a role in the control of alpha 1(XIV) protein synthesis.
A monolithic CMOS MEMS accelerometer with chopper correlated double sampling readout circuit (2011)

A monolithic CMOS MEMS capacitive accelerometer with micropower analog readout circuit is presented in this paper. In order to optimize noise-power performance of accelerometer in limited area, a specification driven MEMS/IC co-design flow is adopted. In analog readout circuit design, the proposed circuit architecture combines chopper stabilization and correlated double sampling to suppress low frequency noise and compensate DC offset. The RMS input referred noise voltage is 9.82 nV/√Hz under 100Hz. The power consumption is 36uW at 100kHz modulation frequency.
MOTE-VIEW: a sensor network monitoring and management tool (2005)

This paper presents a scalable software framework for managing, monitoring, and visualizing sensor network deployments called MOTE-VIEW. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of typical problems encountered when deploying and administering wireless sensor networks. Then we address these issues by outlining a monitoring tool architecture using an extensible set of user interface components specifically targeted towards improving manageability and easing deployment of wireless sensor networks. We describe specific visualization modules for intuitively characterizing data represented in instantaneous, time span, and spatial form. Next, we analyze and optimize the database requirements of the proposed visualization modules for performance. Finally, we describe a mechanism for analyzing the health of the individual nodes and the network as a whole.
Inhibition of Intraluminal Pancreatic Enzymes With Nafamostat Mesilate Improves Clinical Outcomes After Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine (2010)

The inhibition of intraluminal pancreatic enzymes using enteroclysis with the serine protease inhibitor, NM, after hemorrhagic shock significantly improves the clinical outcome.
Advances in the Chemistry of Dipyrrins and Their Complexes (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdvances in the Chemistry of Dipyrrins and Their ComplexesTabitha E. Wood and Alison ThompsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5, 1831–1861Publication Date (Web):April 13, 2007Publication History Received11 July 2006Published online13 April 2007Published inissue 1 May 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050052chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050052cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9023Altmetric-Citations567LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ions,Ligands,Metals,Pyrroles,Substituents Get e-Alerts
EUVL ML blank fiducial mark generation via local heating (2004)

One of the greatest challenges for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology is the development of a nearly defect-free mask blanks. For EUVL mask blanks with a few printable multi-layer (ML) defects, several defect mitigation methodologies have been proposed. It includes directly repairing small ML phase and amplitude defects,1-2 mask absorber pattern proximity repair,3 and using absorber pattern to cover the ML defects. In each case, the ML defects first need to be identified and located during the ML blank defect inspection. To precisely locate the ML defects on the blank, fiducial marks on the ML blank are needed for mask alignment and defect location identification. In this study, we have demonstrated that EUVL mask ML blank fiducial mark with 60nm trench depth, which is more than 10X the required minimum detectable height of the defect inspection tool, can be generated via local heating. No material removal occurs. Therefore, it is a very clean process. These fiducial marks work for many inspection tools such as optical inspection tool, e-beam inspection tool, and EUV Aerial Image Monitor (AIM) inspection tool. The fiducial marks generated in the experiment were realized via laser heating. The locally heated Mo/Si ML converts to molybdenum silicide that has a low volume than that of Mo/Si ML. As a result, a trench or a mark is generated. The process is expected to have large process margin as the depth of the mark is determined by completely silicide the ML. Additional heating will not be able to further deepen the trench. Therefore, the temperature and heating time control should be loose.
Unexpected Tackifiers from Isosorbide (2015)

Molecularly well-defined tackifiers with up to 100 % bio-content were prepared from isosorbide and various cyclic anhydrides. These tackifiers are tacky over a broad temperature range and exhibit high maximum tack (ca. 2000 kPa). Structural modifications shift the temperature at which maximum tack is observed and change the viscosity of the tackifiers.
Hydrophobic microspheres for<i>in situ</i>removal of 2-phenylethanol from yeast fermentation (2011)

The commercial production of the fragrance compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) from phenylalanine by yeast is limited by the accumulation of the toxic product, and therefore, in situ product removal techniques are required. We describe the use of hydrophobic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres of narrow size distribution of 1.53 ± 0.10 µm diameter for continuous removal of 2-PE from the fermentation medium by a mechanism of swelling. In shake flask experiments with conditions simulating 2-PE stress, a 10-fold increase in productivity was measured for systems containing >10% (w/v) microspheres. A 1 L fed-batch fermentation with 8% (w/v) of PMMA microspheres resulted in a total 2-PE concentration of 7.05 g/L, from which 5.40 g/L was incorporated inside the resin, implying 76% encapsulation. This ratio of 0.07 g/g of product per resin is among the highest reported to date. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a concomitant increase in sphere diameter confirming that swelling occurred.
Klotho inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line A549 (2010)

Klotho can inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of A549 cells, this may be partly due to the inhibition of IGF-1/insulin pathways and involving regulating the expression of the apoptosis-related genes bax/bcl-2. Thus, klotho can serve as a potential tumor suppressor in A549 cells.