gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IDKeeper: A Web Password Manager with Roaming Capability Based on USB Key (2012)

This paper presents an architecture that affords Web users a trusted ID/Password manager with roaming capability named IDKeeper. The design objectives of this solution are (i) to protect web users from phishing attacks especially malware-based phishing and web spoofing; (ii) to provide an easy-to-use system with roaming capability so that web user can focus on their transaction rather that security and they can use their credential information everywhere. At first, design principles are given based on the analysis of the existing attacks today. Secondly, the solution overview and usage overview are presented. Thirdly, we give the software architecture and the particular implementation. At last, the advantages of IDKeeper are given in conclusion. With IDKeeper, IDs and passwords are stored on users' USB Key, coupling ID/Password to users, not to their machines or to the third-party servers.
An Indirect Impedance Characterization Method for Monolithic THz Antennas Using Coplanar Probe Measurements (2011)

We develop a simple and robust impedance characterization method for planar THz antennas with micron- and submicron-size port geometries. Such antennas are often encountered in THz sensing applications where an ultrafast electronic device, such as a Schottky junction or a heterostructure backward diode, is integrated with a planar antenna structure. Standard probe characterization of such antennas at the device port is not currently possible due to the large contact areas required. The proposed method allows for indirect characterization of antenna impedance seen at the device port using measurements collected at a more suitable, remote location on the antenna plane. Three <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> measurements are performed using contact probes at a larger pad on the antenna periphery, using three terminations (short, open, and a resistive load) of the port under consideration. Through a simple relation, the measured data set is used to compute the port-impedance indirectly. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Distinctive size effects of Pt nanoparticles immobilized on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PPy used as an efficient recyclable catalyst for benzylic alcohol aerobic oxidation and hydrogenation reduction of nitroaromatics (2014)

Size effects of supported Pt nanoparticles were entirely different for benzylic alcohol aerobic oxidation and hydrogenation reduction of nitroaromatics.
ChemInform Abstract: PROBES FOR NARCOTIC RECEPTOR MEDIATED PHENOMENA. 11. SYNTHESIS OF 17‐METHYL‐ AND 17‐CYCLOPROPYLMETHYL‐3,14‐DIHYDROXY‐4‐5α‐EPOXY‐6β‐FLUOROMORPHINANS (FOXY AND CYCLOFOXY) AS MODELS OF OPIOID LIGANDS SUITABLE FOR POSITRON EMISSION TRANSAXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (1985)

Abstract In Analogie zum Opioid‐Agonisten Oxymorphon (I) und zum Antagonisten Naltrexon (II) werden die Fluor‐morphinane (III) und (IV) hergestellt.
Synthesis and properties of poly(1‐alkyl‐3‐methylene‐2‐pyrrolidone)s (1996)

Abstract A series of α‐methylene‐ N ‐alkyl‐2‐pyrrolidone monomers with varying length of the alkyl chain from C 1 to C 8 were synthesised. The monomers were subjected to free radical polymerisation to yield a range of polymers each with a different balance in hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties originating from the pyrrolidone moiety and the N ‐alkyl chain. The equilibrium water content of polymers crosslinked with ethylene dimethacrylate were found to decrease with increasing alkyl chain length. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers are reported ranging from 98°C to ‐5°C on going from the methyl to the octyl derivative. The thermal degradation of the polymers was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. The polymers were found to degrade at ca. 400°C predominantly via an unzipping mechanism. Pyrolysis at 450°C results in five products.
CLASSIFICATION OF CEREAL GRAINS USING MACHINE VISION: II. COLOR MODELS (2000)

A digital image analysis (DIA) algorithm was developed based on color features to classify individual kernelsof Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat, Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat, barley, oats, and rye.Eighteen color features (mean, variance, and range of red, green, and blue, and hue, saturation, and intensity) were usedfor the discriminant analysis. Grains from 15 growing regions (300 kernels per growing region) were used as the trainingdata set and another five growing regions were used as the test data set. When the first 10 most significant color featureswere used in the color model and tested on an independent data set (the test data set where total number of kernels usedwas 10,500; for CWRS wheat, 300 kernels each were selected for three grades), the classification accuracies of CWRSwheat, CWAD wheat, barley, oats, and rye were 94.1, 92.3, 93.1, 95.2, and 92.5%, respectively. When the model wastested on the training data set (total number of kernels used was 31,500), the classification accuracies were 95.7, 94.4,94.2, 97.6, and 92.5%, respectively, for CWRS wheat, CWAD wheat, barley, oats, and rye.
An Inquiry Into the Mechanism of Percutaneous Absorption of Hydrocortisone and Its 21-N-Alkyl Esters. (1982)

The aim of these studies was to characterize those physicochemical factors which regulate the deposition of topical anti-inflammatory steroids into the skin. Such factors are believed to be major determinants of the potencies of this class of compounds. The permeation of hairless mouse skin by hydrocortisone and its 21 ester homologs (acetate through heptanoate) was investigated. Time, temperature and concentration dependencies of permeation were elucidated for some or all of the steroids on whole skin sections, on tissue stripped of its horny element, and on isolated epidermal and dermal strata. The influences of esterases on mass transfer was also investigated. A new steady state model for passive diffusion of the skin and its principal barrier layer, the stratum corneum was developed. Major results and conclusions of the research are: (1) The permeation of skin is a biphasic process in time; the early onset phase is a lipid phase and permeability coefficients here closely follow partitioning trends for the steroids. The late onset phase is without a partitioning dependency and is thus a polar pathway; (2) Enzymes have a facilitating effect on the rate of transport of hydrophobic esters across the skin; (3) The main resistance to passive diffusion of hydrocortisone and its 21 esters through the heptanoate is the stratum corneum in enzyme competent skin. In enzyme suppressed skin sub-horny tissues significantly slow the permeation rates of the higher esters; (4) There is a discrepancy of one thous and in the estimates of diffusion coefficients in the stratum corneum by steady and transient state methods. This suggests there is binding of steroids in the horny layer. The binding must be reversible as lag times are concentration independent to trace concentrations; (5) Transport rates of the esters in vitro parallel the topical anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, thus suggesting that topical activity of these compounds is significantly controlled by permeation events. These studies provide some insights into the mechanism of permeation of the skin which should lead to a more rational approach to topical therapy.
Building and exploiting user models (1979)

This paper describes the issues involved in building and exploiting individual user models in order to guide the performance of an interactive system. A system called Grundy, that recommends novels to people, is described and analyzed as a forum in which to explore those issues. One of the major techniques exploited in Grundy is the use of stereotypes as a mechanism for quickly producing an initial approximation to a model of the user. Experiments with the system show that despite the fact that stereotypes are inherently imperfect, their use does contibute significantly to the system's ability to build useful models of its users.
New design of a cementless glenoid component in unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective medium-term analysis of 143 cases (2012)

The uncemented glenoid implants in total anatomical shoulder arthroplasty are likely to be accused of problems like dissociations, secondary rotator cuff tear, and wear of polyethylene (PE). This work is a clinical and radiological prospective review of 143 cases of anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty using a new metal back uncemented glenoid implant (MB) in order to see if this new implant induces those complications. A total of 143 cases were operated between 2003 and 2011. In a first part, the whole series of 143 cases was radiologically studied in order to quantify the lateralisation induced by the MB implant. In a second study, 37 cases had a mean follow-up of 38 months (24-75, mean 32) and served for the clinical and radiological final study. Pre- and postoperative clinical evaluation was done using the Constant-Murley score and the simple shoulder test from Matsen. The final X-rays served to detect an eventual secondary narrowing of the joint space and to analyse the frequency of radio lucent lines (RLL) and loosenings. Despite a small radiological lateralisation in comparison with the normal contralateral side (0.36 cm, p = 0.02), the clinical results after 2 years were similar to the published cemented glenoid implants series but without any RLL, glenoid loosening or joint narrowing. Some dissociations occured in the beginning and definitely eliminated by a design modification of the PE tray. The discussion tried to show that, despite a still short follow-up, this series is encouraging to continue to use this new MB implant. Different applications of the concept of universality and conversion are discussed, this tray been also the support of a glenosphere in reverse arthroplasty.
Squaring the circle? Means Testing and Individualisation in the UK and Australia (2004)

As means-tested benefits have come to occupy a more central place in the UK system of income transfers, so the goal of an individualised system seems to have receded. However, there is also a developing policy interest in the situation and status of the individual in the social welfare system. Individual assessment of labour market circumstances is central to the New Deal programmes, and the ‘partners’ of those receiving social security benefits have become a target group for policy in their own right. This article outlines the policy issues, describes the measures that have been introduced so far, compares these with the Australian moves towards ‘partial individualisation’, and discusses some key issues in the reform agenda.
Facilitative glucose transport proteins and sodium-glucose co-transporters in the kidney (1995)

Cloning studies have characterized a large gene family of facilitative glucose transporters that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and at least two sodium-glucose co-transporters in brush-border membranes of intestinal and renal epithelia. These different transporters play specific roles in glucose transport and homeostasis because of their different tissue distribution, kinetic properties, and regulation of function. This review discusses recent advances in the study of glucose transporters and the regulation of their expression in the normal kidney and in diabetes.
A Light Rule-based Approach to English Subject-Verb Agreement Errors on the Third Person Singular Forms (2015)

Verb errors are one of the most common grammar errors made by non-native writers of English. This work especially focus on an important type of verb usage errors, subject-verb agreement for the third person singular forms, which has a high proportion in errors made by non-native English learners. Existing work has not given a satisfied solution for this task, in which those using supervised learning method usually fail to output good enough performance, and rule-based methods depend on advanced linguistic resources such as syntactic parsers. In this paper, we propose a rule-based method to detect and correct the concerned errors. The proposed method relies on a series of rules to automatically locate subject and predicate in four types of sentences. The evaluation shows that the proposed method gives state-of-the-art performance with quite limited linguistic resources.
A new approach for enhancing the throughput capability of a synchronous bus LAN (2002)

An original media access protocol called CAST (counting access to synchronous time slots) is proposed. This protocol can be implemented over a synchronous bus local area network (LAN). CAST uses a simple algorithm by which each station can recognize its turn of access by counting either the number of data packets or the number of idle pulses sent from all preceding stations. The throughput versus transfer time performance of a CAST LAN is better than that of other LANs, and it can be verified by performance analysis. Other useful features are an integrated voice and data capability, a high-connection portability, and reliability. A hardware model is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of molecular physicochemical properties and apolipoproteins in association of drugs with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: in-silico prediction of uptake by chylomicrons (2009)

The association of drugs with chylomicrons is a complex process, which involves the lipophilic core as well as surface apoproteins. The in-silico model based on multiple physicochemical properties of the drugs is able to predict successfully the degree of association with chylomicrons.
Incremental maintenance of materialized object-oriented views in MultiView: strategies and performance evaluation (1998)

View materialization is a promising technique for achieving the data sharing and virtual restructuring capabilities needed by advanced applications such as data warehousing and workflow management systems. Much existing work addresses the problem of how to maintain the consistency of materialized relational views under update operations. However, little progress has been made thus far regarding the topic of view materialization in object-oriented databases (OODBs). In this paper, we demonstrate that there are several significant differences between the relational and object-oriented paradigms that can be exploited when addressing the object-oriented view materialization problem. First, we propose techniques that prune update propagation by exploiting knowledge of the subsumption relationships between classes to identify branches of classes to which we do not need to propagate updates and by using derivation ordering to eliminate self-cancelling propagation. Second, we use encapsulated interfaces, combined with the fact that any unique database property is inherited from a single location, to provide a "registration service" by which virtual classes can register their interest in specific properties and be notified upon modification of those properties. Third, we introduce the notion of hierarchical registrations that further optimizes update propagation by organizing the registration structures according to the class generalization hierarchy, thereby pruning the set of classes that are notified of updates. We have successfully implemented all proposed techniques in the MultiView system on top of the GemStone OODBMS. To the best of our knowledge, MultiView is the first OODB view system to provide updatable materialized virtual classes and virtual schemata. In this paper, we also present a cost model for our update algorithms, and we report results from the experimental studies we have run on the MultiView system, measuring the impact of various optimization strategies incorporated into our materialization update algorithms.
Determination of Riboflavin and Flavocoenzymes in Human Blood Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1995)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and flavin mononucleotide in human blood plasma is presented. Flavocoenzymes are determined as flavin mononucleotide after acid hydrolysis of flavin adenine dinucleotide. Metabolites are separated by reversed-phase column chromatography and quantified by their native fluorescence. Criteria of quality are (riboflavin/flavocoenzymes): coefficients of variation 2.8/4.6% (intra-assay) and 2.8/4.4% (inter-assay); recovery 82.4/94.4%; detection limit < 3.0/9.0 nmol/l. Because sample preparation requires only few steps, and the retention times are short ( < 5 min), this method is recommended for use in routine analysis.
Electron-spin-resonance evidence for enzymic reduction of oxygen to a free radical, the superoxide ion (1969)

1. An electron-spin-resonance signal with g( parallel)2.08 and g( perpendicular)2.00 is observed by the rapid-freezing technique during the oxidation of substrates by molecular oxygen catalysed by xanthine oxidase at pH10. 2. The intensity of this signal is shown to depend on oxygen rather than on enzyme concentration, indicating that it is due to an oxygen free radical and not to the enzyme. 3. The same species is shown to be produced in the reaction at pH10 between hydrogen peroxide and periodate ions. Studies with this system have facilitated comparison of the properties of the oxygen radical with data in the literature on the products of pulse radiolysis of oxygenated water over a wide pH range. 4. It is concluded that the species observed is the superoxide ion, O(2) (-), and that the stability of this ion is greatly increased in alkaline solution. A mechanism explaining the alkaline stability is proposed. 5. The importance of O(2) (-) in the enzymic reaction is discussed.
Poisson Disk Point Sets by Hierarchical Dart Throwing (2007)

Poisson disk point sets are "ideally" generated through a process of dart throwing. The naive dart throwing algorithm is extremely expensive if a maximal set is desired, however. In this paper we present a hierarchical dart throwing procedure which produces point sets that are equivalent to naive dart throwing, but is very fast. The procedure works by intelligently excluding areas known to be fully covered by existing samples. By excluding covered regions, the probability of accepting a thrown dart is greatly increased. Our algorithm is conceptually simple, performs dart throwing in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(N)</i> time and memory, and produces a maximal point set up to the precision of the numbers being used.
Review of Technical Design and Safety Requirements for Vehicle Chargers and Their Infrastructure According to National Swedish and Harmonized European Standards (2021)

Battery electric vehicles demand a wide variety of charging networks, such as charging stations and wallboxes, to be set up in the future. The high charging power (typically in the range of a couple of kW up to a couple of hundred kW) and the possibly long duration of the charging process (up to more than 24 h) put some special requirements on the electrical infrastructure of charging stations, sockets, and plugs. This paper gives an overview of the technical design requirements and considerations for vehicle charging stations, sockets, and plugs, including their infrastructure, according to the Swedish Standard 4364000, “Low-voltage electrical installations—Rules for design and erection of electrical installations”, and the corresponding harmonized European standards. In detail, the four internationally categorized charging modes are explained and the preferable charging plugs, including their two-bus communication, according to European Directives are shown. The dimensioning of the supply lines and the proper selection of the overcurrent protection device, the insulation monitor, and the residual current device are described. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the required safety measures, such as the application of an isolation transformer or the implementation of an overvoltage protection mechanism, and the limits for conducted electromagnetic emissions, such as low-frequency harmonics or high-frequency (150 kHz to 108 MHz) emissions, are given.
The Shc-related adaptor protein, Sck, forms a complex with the vascular-endothelial-growth-factor receptor KDR in transfected cells (2000)

Despite much progress in recent years, the precise signalling events triggered by the vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt1) and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR), are incompletely defined. Results obtained when Flt1 and KDR are individually expressed in fibroblasts or porcine aortic endothelial cells have not been entirely consistent with those observed in other endothelial cells expressing both receptors endogenously. It has also been difficult to demonstrate VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Flt1, which has led to speculation that KDR may be the more important receptor for the mitogenic action of VEGF on endothelial cells. In an attempt to identify physiologically important effectors which bind to KDR, we have screened a yeast two-hybrid mouse embryo library with the cytoplasmic domain of KDR. Here we describe the identification of the adaptor protein, Shc-like protein (Sck), as a binding partner for KDR. We demonstrate that this interaction requires phosphorylation of KDR, and identify the binding site for the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain as tyrosine-1175 of KDR. We have also shown that the SH2 domain of Sck, but not that of Src-homology collagen protein (Shc), can precipitate phosphorylated KDR from VEGF-stimulated porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing KDR, and that an N-terminally truncated Sck protein can associate with KDR, in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion, when co-expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the two-hybrid assay, both Shc and Sck SH2 domains can associate with the related receptor Flt1.
Covalent binding of enzymes to synthetic membranes containing acrylamide units, using formaldehyde. (1991)

Synthetic membranes containing 10% acrylamide units were subjected to activation with formaldehyde at pH 7.5 and 45 degrees C. Trypsin, invertase, and urease were bound to this activated membrane and the kinetic properties of immobilized enzymes were studied. The permeability of the membrane for distilled water manifests certain differences depending on the enzyme bound. The membranes with immobilized enzymes stored at 4 degrees C in a moist state showed no change in their activity for 6 months. The membrane with immobilized invertase has preserved its activity even after 20 operations with 2% sucrose solution at 25 degrees C. The proposed method of binding enzymes to synthetic membranes containing acrylamide groups, through the introduction of N-hydroxymethyl groups, possesses several advantages with respect to the activation of the membrane in a one-step reaction with cheap and accessible reagent, high operative stability of the immobilized enzymes, no danger of bacterial rotting, and long shelf life of the membrane.