gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cecropin a ‐ magainin 2 hybrid peptides having potent antimicrobial activity with low hemolytic effect (1998)

In order to obtain peptides having improved antimicrobial activity with low hemolytic effect, a hybrid peptide (CA-MA) composed from cecropin A (1-8) and magainin 2(1-12), and its analogues with amino acid substitutions were designed and synthesized. The antimicrobial activities against bacterial cells and hemolytic activities against human red blood cells were analyzed for each peptide. Secondary structures of the peptides in aqueous solution, 50% trifluoroethanol, and sodium dodecylsulfate micelles were estimated using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The increase in hydrophobicity or alpha-helicity of the peptides correlated with an increase in hemolytic activity rather than antimicrobial activity. The substitution of Leu for Ser at position 16 in CA-MA resulted in a remarkable increase in antimicrobial activity without a significant change in hemolytic activity. Furthermore, the increase in antimicrobial activity of the peptides was not always accompanied by the increase in hemolytic activity.
Intensity and Gain Measurements on the Stimulated Raman Emission in Liquid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1969)

In liquid ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ the threshold for stimulated Raman emission is found to be much lower than for other nonlinear processes. Thus it is possible to make reliable measurements of the intensity of Raman emission over a large range of incident laser power by using a simple longitudinal geometry. Several distinct regions of emission were investigated, including normal Raman scattering, exponential gain, onset of oscillation, and saturation. There is good agreement with theory.
Inactivation of Bladder Tumor Cells and Enzymes by Methylene Blue Plus Light (1987)

Using a cystoscopic light source and methylene blue as the sensitizing dye, photoactivation was examined in two types of experiments. In the first, the in vitro study destruction of two enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase) was examined in suspensions of whole and homogenized tumor cells from a transplantable bladder tumor. In the second or in vivo study rats were used to demonstrate that tumor cell suspensions treated with methylene blue plus light, when inoculated into susceptible rats, failed to "take" and produce new tumors. These experiments suggest a possible therapeutic use in treatment of human bladder tumors, though further study would be required.
A Single Intravenous Infusion of Gamma Globulin as Compared with Four Infusions in the Treatment of Acute Kawasaki Syndrome (1991)

In children with acute Kawasaki disease, a single large dose of intravenous gamma globulin is more effective than the conventional regimen of four smaller daily doses and is equally safe.
MAVID: Constrained Ancestral Alignment of Multiple Sequences (2004)

We describe a new global multiple-alignment program capable of aligning a large number of genomic regions. Our progressive-alignment approach incorporates the following ideas: maximum-likelihood inference of ancestral sequences, automatic guide-tree construction, protein-based anchoring of ab-initio gene predictions, and constraints derived from a global homology map of the sequences. We have implemented these ideas in the MAVID program, which is able to accurately align multiple genomic regions up to megabases long. MAVID is able to effectively align divergent sequences, as well as incomplete unfinished sequences. We demonstrate the capabilities of the program on the benchmark CFTR region, which consists of 1.8 Mb of human sequence and 20 orthologous regions in marsupials, birds, fish, and mammals. Finally, we describe two large MAVID alignments, an alignment of all the available HIV genomes and a multiple alignment of the entire human, mouse, and rat genomes.
Tetrazole compounds. <b>8</b>. Synthesis of tetrazolylpyrimidines from tetrazolyl‐substituted enamino ketones (1993)

Abstract Tetrazolyl‐substituted enamino ketones 1 react with various amidines 2 to give 5‐(1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrimidines 3 . In the case of the chloroacetyl enamine 4 4‐( N,N ‐dimethylaminomethyl)‐substituted tetra‐zolylpyrimidines 5 were obtained. Subsequent hydrolysis of the 4‐trifluoromethyl derivatives 3b, 3d and 3g afforded the corresponding 5‐(1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acids 6 .
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoramidate Derivatives of d4T with Improved anti‐HIV Efficacy Retain Full Activity in Thymidine Kinase‐Deficient Cells. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of heterotrophic growth on nitritation/anammox in a single sequencing batch reactor (2008)

The combination of nitritation and autotrophic denitrification (anammox) in a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is an energy efficient process for nitrogen removal from high-strength ammonia wastewaters. So far, the process has been successfully applied to digester supernatant. However, the process could also be suitable to treat source-separated urine, which has very high ammonium and organic substrate concentrations (up to 8,200 gN/m3 and 10,000 gCOD/m3). In this study, reactor performance was tested for digester supernatant and diluted source-separated urine. Ammonium concentrations in both solutions were similar (between 611 and 642 gN/m3), thus reactor performance could be directly compared. Differences were mainly due to higher activity of heterotrophic bacteria in urine. Nitrogen removal was slightly higher for source-separated urine, because heterotrophic bacteria denitrified the nitrate that was produced by anammox bacteria. In spite of higher heterotrophic growth with source-separated urine, calculated sludge concentrations at steady state were higher with digester supernatant due to accumulation of inert particulate organic matter from the influent. Although the sludge concentrations are less problematic for source-separated urine, process instabilities are more likely, because lower pH values are reached and heterotrophic denitrification can cause sudden increases of nitrite concentrations and/or nitric oxide. Both compounds inhibit aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and, most importantly, anammox bacteria. Nitrite and nitric oxide production by heterotrophic denitrification must be better understood to optimize nitritation/anammox for source-separated urine.
Effect of Ionic Strength on the Structure of Polymer−Surfactant Complexes (2003)

We investigate the influence of ionic strength on the interaction between a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), and a water-soluble nonionic polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The formation of a charged PEO/HTAC complex is manifested by a maximum in the specific viscosity when a PEO solution is titrated with HTAC. The height of the viscosity maximum is diminished in the presence of salt because of the screening of electrostatic repulsions. Conductivity and differential refractometry measurements indicate that added salt (0.1 M KNO3) stabilizes the binding of HTAC micelles to the polymer. Static light scattering (SLS) studies in the absence of salt reveal the formation of multipolymer PEO−HTAC complexes at the maximum binding point, whereas in 0.1 M KNO3 predominantly unipolymer complexation occurs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicates, for the complex in water, a broad size distribution that corresponds to a widely polydisperse mixture of multichain clusters. In contrast, in 0.1 M KNO3 the size distribution of the complex is similar to that of the pure PEO. These changes in the structure of the PEO−HTAC complex appear to be driven through the screening of electrostatic repulsions between surfactant headgroups.
Psychiatry The effects of dietary tryptophan on chronic maxillofacial pain and experimental paintolerance (1985)

Maxillofacial Pain Control Center, School of Dentistry, Temple University Hospital, 3223 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140 U.S.A.
Application technique: placement of a prostate–rectum spacer in men undergoing prostate radiation therapy (2012)

• Hydrogel spacer injection using hydrodissection is a fast and effective procedure to separate the rectal wall from the prostate in order to avoid rectal toxicity. • Hydrogel spacer injection resulted in the addition of ∼1 cm of space • Computed incidental radiation exposure, the rectal V70, was substantially reduced.
Antiproliferative factor regulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in T24 bladder carcinoma cells (2012)

Antiproliferative factor (APF) is a sialoglycopeptide elevated in the urine of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC)-a chronic, painful bladder disease of unknown etiology. APF inhibits the proliferation of normal bladder epithelial and T24 bladder carcinoma cells in vitro by binding to cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) and altering the transcription of genes involved in proliferation, cellular adhesion, and tumorigenesis; however, specific molecular mechanisms and effector genes that control APF's antiproliferative effects are unknown. In this study, we found that there was a 7.5-fold up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in T24 bladder carcinoma cells treated with APF. Western blot revealed a dose-dependent increase in CCN2 protein levels, with secretion into the culture medium after APF treatment. CCN2 overexpression enhanced APF's antiproliferative activity, whereas CCN2 knockdown diminished APF-induced p53 expression. Using a luciferase reporter construct, we found that APF treatment resulted in fivefold activation of the CCN2 proximal promoter and, of importance, that small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CKAP4 inhibited CCN2 upregulation. In addition, we demonstrate that CKAP4 translocates to the nucleus and binds to the CCN2 proximal promoter in an APF-dependent manner, providing evidence that CCN2 regulation by APF involves CKAP4 nuclear translocation and binding to the CCN2 promoter.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Model of Polysilicon in a Trichlorosilane and Hydrogen System (2008)

The traditional polysilicon processes should be refined when addressing the low energy consumption requirement for the production of solar grade silicon. This paper addresses the fluid dynamic conditions required to deposit polysilicon in the traditional Siemens reactor. Analytical solutions for the deposition process are presented, providing information on maximizing the rate between the amount of polysilicon obtained and the energy consumed during the deposition process. The growth rate, deposition efficiency, and power-loss dependence on the gas velocity, the mixture of gas composition, the reactor pressure, and the surface temperature have been analyzed. The analytical solutions have been compared to experimental data and computational solutions presented in the literature. At atmospheric pressure, the molar fraction of hydrogen at the inlet should be adjusted to the range of 0.85–0.90, the gas inlet temperature should be raised within the interval of 673 and 773 K, and the gas velocity should reach the Reynolds number 800. The resultant growth rate will be between 6 and 6.5 _m min−1. Operation above atmospheric pressure is strongly recommended to achieve growth rates of 20 _m min−1 at 6 atm.
Threshold effects on the concanavalin A-mediated agglutination of modified erythrocytes. (1979)

Bovine erythrocytes, which are not concanavalin A (ConA)-agglutinable, can be rendered so by attaching alpha-D-mannose residues to their outer membrane. The sugars are incorporated by mildly oxidizing the cells with periodate followed by coupling the liberated aldehyde groups with an alpha-thiomannosyl containing hydrazide (I). The rate and extent of ConA-mediated aggregation of the modified cells are not linearly dependent on the amount of sugar incorporated. For example, treatment of the erythrocytes with 0.075 mM periodate for 5 min followed by I led to the introduction of 1.05 x 10(6) mannosyl residues/erythrocyte. Binding studies with 125I-ConA demonstrated the presence of 66,525 ConA receptors/cell with an average KA = 4.9 X 10(6) M-1 yet the cells failed to aggregate with ConA at concentrations up to 500 microgram ml-1. Treating the cells with 0.1 mM periodate followed by I led to the introduction of 1.42 x 10(6) mannosyl residues/erythrocyte. Binding studies with 125I-ConA indicated the presence of 78,780 binding sites/cell (KA = 5.9 X 10(6) M-1). These cells were readily aggregated by ConA at concentrations greater than or equal to 64 microgram ml-1. We show here that the sugar incorporation technique is random and that no functional differences were detected in the receptors introduced at the different periodate concentrations. Therefore, the ConA-mediated aggregation of these modified erythrocytes is exquisitely sensitive to small changes in functionally identical receptor densities.
The Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Computed Tomography on the TNM Staging of Early Cancer in Barrett's Esophagus (2006)

In suspected early cancer in Barrett's esophagus, EUS is superior to CT for T staging and N staging. As CT had no influence on the TNM classification in any of these patients, it may be possible to dispense with this method as a staging procedure in patients with cancer in Barrett's esophagus. By contrast, EUS is required in order to differentiate between patients with cancer in Barrett's esophagus in whom endoscopic therapy is suitable and those in whom surgical treatment is required.
Surface science issues in plasma etching (1999)

Pattern transfer by plasma-based etching is one of several key processes required for fabricating silicon-based integrated circuits. We present a brief review of elementary plasma-etching processes on surfaces and within integrated-circuit microstructures—and an overview of recent work in our laboratory on plasma-etching aspects of the formation of self-aligned contacts to a polysilicon layer through a SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> layer and a Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> etch-stop layer. The work illustrates the richness of associated surface science issues that must be understood and controlled in order to most effectively achieve plasma-based pattern transfer.
Investigations of current-carrying capacity and quench behaviour of a composite superconductor by magnetic flux pumping method (1994)

Results of current-carrying capacity measurements and the quench behaviour analysts for a single Cu/NbTi composite superconducting wire under adiabatic cooling conditions are presented. The data are received using as well the usual resistive method as the contactless flux pumping method. The results obtained show that the latter method may be used not only for current-carrying capacity measurements but also for cryostability parameters determination. These results may be important for stability tests of high-current cables for large-scale applications (such as SMES, pulsed magnet systems etc.).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hall mobility in poly(4,4′-dipentoxy-2,2′bithiophene) as a function of the doping level (1998)

We report a systematic study of the Hall mobility and the carrier concentration of a conjugated polymer [poly(4,4′-dipentoxy-2,2′bithiophene)] as a function of the electrochemical doping level, over a wide range of the carrier concentration (from ∼1015 to ∼1019 cm−3). Very high values were obtained for the carrier mobility (from 102 to 10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1), when compared with those reported in the literature for organic materials. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between mobility and carrier concentration was found.
Targeted Therapeutic Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Improves an HER-2 DNA Vaccine and Prevents Recurrence in a Murine Breast Cancer Model (2011)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates immunosuppression resulting in tumor cell escape from immune surveillance and cancer vaccine failure. Immunosuppression is mediated by the STAT-3 transcription factor, which potentiates signaling in tumor and immune cells. Because immunosuppression continues to be a major inhibitor of cancer vaccine efficacy, we examined in this study whether therapeutically targeted delivery of a synthetic STAT-3 inhibitor to the TME, combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine can improve immune surveillance against HER-2(+) breast cancer and prevent its recurrence. To this end, we developed a novel ligand-targeted nanoparticle (NP) encapsulating a CDDO-Im payload capable of specific delivery to the TME, which showed an effective therapeutic inhibition of STAT-3 activation in primary tumors. Furthermore, we showed that treatment with these NPs resulted in priming of the immune TME, characterized by increased IFN-γ, p-STAT-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-12b and reduced TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 protein expression. In addition, we found significantly increased tumor infiltration by activated CD8(+) T cells, M1 macrophages, and dendritic cells. These changes correlated with delayed growth of orthotopic 4TO7 breast tumors and, when combined with an HER-2 DNA vaccine, prevented HER-2(+) primary tumor recurrence in immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, antitumor T-cell responses were enhanced in splenocytes isolated from mice treated with this combination therapy. Together, these data show effective protection from cancer recurrence through improved immune surveillance against a tumor-specific antigen.
Chiral Amino Acids: A Versatile Tool in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals (1997)

Methods of preparing enantiomerically pure amino acids especially focusing on amino-acylase-based resolution of D,L-acetylamino-acid precursors, synthesis of D-amino acids using a hydantoinase system, and the cofactor-dependent enzymatic reductive amination of α-keto acids to L-amino acids are described. Examples are given for bulk actives, based on L- and D-amino acids and peptides. L- and D-Tle (= L-/D-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid) are important molecules for synthesizing drugs and a great variety of chiral auxiliaries. A new chromatographic separation of bulky side-chain amino acids in a preparative scale is described, giving both enantiomers in >99% ee.
Procesos pulpares y periapicales agudos como urgencias estomatológicas. Holguín 2009 (2009)

Aborda un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en días comprendidos en Mayo y Junio del 2009. Se desarrolló en las consultas de urgencias de las clínicas ¨Manuel Angulo Farrán¨ y ¨Mario Pozo Ochoa¨ de la Provincia Holguín. La muestra estuvo constituida por 70 pacientes que presentaron patologías pulpares y periapicales agudas. Se Planteó como objetivo determinar las patologías más frecuente según grupos de edad y sexo, identificar las causas principales de estas afecciones y evaluar la conducta diagnóstica y terapéutica inmediata en las consultas de urgencia. Como resultado arrojó una mayor afectación por patologías pulpares y periapicales agudas en el sexo femenino y en el grupo de edad de 35 a 59 años. La pulpitis reversible fue la patología pulpar más frecuente. La causa principal de afecciones fue la caries dental. Se evaluó de regular la conducta diagnóstica y terapéutica en las consultas de urgencias objeto de estudio.
Dynamics, stability, and control of maglev systems (1993)

The dynamic response of maglev systems is important in several respects: Safety and ride quality, guideway design, and system costs. The dynamic response of vehicles is the key element in the determination of ride quality, and vehicle stability is one of the important elements relative to safety. To design a proper guideway that provides acceptable ride quality in the stable region, the vehicle dynamics must be understood. The trade-off between guideway smoothness and the levitation and control systems must be considered if maglev systems are to be economically feasible. This paper is a summary of our previous work on dynamics, stability and control of maglev systems. First of all, the importance of dynamics of vehicle/guideway of maglev systems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the modeling vehicle/guideway interactions of maglev systems with a multicar, or multiload vehicle traversing on a single or double-span flexible guideway. Coupled effects of vehicle/guideway interactions in wide range of vehicle speeds with various vehicle and guideway parameters for maglev systems are investigated. Secondly, the alternative control designs of maglev vehicle suspension systems are investigated in this study to achieve safe, stable operation and acceptable ride comfort requires some form of vehicle motion control. Active and semi-active control law designs are introduced into primary and secondary suspensions of maglev vehicles. Finally, this paper discusses the stability of maglev systems based on experimental data, scoping calculations, and simple mathematical models. Divergence and flutter are obtained for coupled vibration of a three-degree-of-freedom maglev vehicle on a guideway consisting of double L-shaped aluminum segments. The theory and analysis developed in this study provides basic stability characteristics and identifies future research needs for maglev systems.
Discharge and charge modeling of lead acid batteries (1999)

Effective amp hour (Ah) discharge capacity is an exponential function of discharge rate (current). Discharge and charge reversibly oxidize/reduce the active materials of the electrodes. Charging also produces water electrolysis. Terminal voltage shows hysteresis between charge and discharge. Tests of a previously reported voltage equalizing system showed the battery sensitivity to circuit impedance.
A Software Testbed for the Development of 3D Raster Graphics Systems (1982)

A set of utility programs for 3D shaded display that make up a testbed for creating raster scan display systems is described. The principal feature of this system is a flexible scan conversion processor that can simultaneously manage several different object types.
Stacking fault generation during relaxation of silicon germanium on insulator layers obtained by the Ge condensation technique (2007)

Stacking fault generation within silicon germanium on insulator substrates fabricated by the Ge condensation technique has been evidenced by transmission electronic microscopy analyses for high Ge content enrichments (80%). This phenomenon is explained as a typical strain relaxation mechanism assisted by creation of partial dislocations of Burgers vectors equal to 1∕6⟨2−1−1⟩ and 1∕6⟨11−2⟩. Experimental results and calculations show the existence of a critical Ge enrichment during the Ge condensation process where this creation occurs. This critical Ge enrichment is dependent on the initial parameters such as the initial Ge content and the initial SiGe layer thickness.