gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nature of the B lymphocyte in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1993)

We have analyzed phenotypic, functional, and molecular properties of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells as compared to normal B cell differentiation stages and/or subsets. The possibility that the target B cell population transformed by the I primary oncogenic event(s) belongs to the normal CD5+ B cell subset from B mantle zone of secondary follicles is highly likely on phenotypic grounds. Though the genes responsible for the primary oncogenic event are presently unknown, a number of functional and molecular findings indicate that the end-product of their transforming activity is a cell frozen in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. This cell has several abnormalities that prevent an appropriate mitogenic response and presents a pattern of apoptosis-related gene expression that hinders apoptotic death. Pivotal to this apoptosis-escaping capacity is the expression of Bcl-2. We suggest that the increased expression of Bcl-2 together with an asynchronism between the expression of Bcl-2, c-myc, and APO1/Fas gene products shift the cellular balance away from apoptosis thereby helping the progressive accumulation in G0 of malignant CD5+ B cells.
Pulse Width Modulated DC Link Converter Development. (1983)

Abstract : Further development of power transistor and power Darlington current carrying and voltage blocking capabilities led to the application of new General Electric devices in a 40 KVA Pulse Width Modulated DC Link VSCF system. The results indicate that the power Darlington devices selected exhibit large losses at the switching frequencies studied. Because of these losses, the devices (in their present status) are considered unacceptable for use in a DC VSCF system. (Author)
Update on the use of pathogen‐reduced human plasma and platelet concentrates (2013)

The use of pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) for labile blood components is slowly but steadily increasing. While pathogen-reduced plasma is already used routinely, efficacy and safety concerns impede the widespread use of pathogen-reduced platelets. The supportive and often prophylactic nature of blood component therapy in a variety of clinical situations complicates the clinical evaluation of these novel blood products. However, an increasing body of evidence on the clinical efficacy, safety, cost-benefit ratio and development of novel technologies suggests that pathogen reduction has entered a stage of maturity that could further increase the safety margin in haemotherapy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence on PRTs for plasma and platelet products that are currently licensed or under development.
The Platelet Microparticle Proteome (2005)

Platelet-derived microparticles are the most abundant type of microparticle in human blood and contribute to many biologically significant processes. Here, we report the first proteomic analysis of microparticles generated from activated platelets. Using 1D SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, the identification of 578 proteins was accomplished using a minimum of 5 MS/MS detections of at least two different peptides for each protein. These microparticles displayed many proteins intrinsic to and well-characterized on platelets. For example, microparticles in these experiments were found to contain membrane surface proteins including GPIIIa, GPIIb, and P-selectin, as well other platelet proteins such as the chemokines CXCL4, CXCL7, and CCL5. In addition, approximately 380 of the proteins identified were not found in two previous studies of the platelet proteome. Since several of the proteins detected here have been previously implicated in microparticle formation and/or pathological function, it is hoped that this study will help fuel future work concerning the possible role of microparticles in various disease states.
Dual-mode composite-right/left-handed transmission line ring resonator (2006)

The phase response of composite right/left-handed transmission lines is used in the design of a dual-mode ring resonator. The phase can be designed to change the spacing of the resonant modes. Simulation and measured results for a dual-mode ring demonstrate this technique. The designed structure exhibits the elimination of the singlemode resonance at the second harmonic.
Robot Welding Process for Medium and Heavy Plate (2013)

Welding processes are always required to have highefficiency, quality stability, and reduced costs. The advanced controllability of the welding power sources has enabled the control of the output waveform, using an advanced control law, which has realized a new process with high added value for medium and heavy plates, the Ultra-High Current GMAW process, tandem arc welding and REGARC TM . The Ultra-High Current GMAW process is a highly-efficient welding process using single arc and offers large leg length, low-spatter and deep penetration, using special flux-cored wire and unique waveform control. Tandem arc welding reduces spatter generation by 70 percent compared with conventional equipment, thanks to its new waveform control. The advantage of this welding process is a high deposition rate and high speed welding. REGARC TM reduces spatter generation by 90 percent compared with the conventional process using CO 2 gasshielded arc welding.
Qualitative Brain MRI at Term and Cognitive Outcomes at 9 Years After Very Preterm Birth (2012)

In a cohort of very preterm born infants, abnormal white matter appearance on term MRI showed consistent associations with cognitive impairments at 9 years old, further supporting the benefit of obtaining term MRI for very preterm born infants.
Enhanced Amine and Amino Acid Analysis Using Pacific Blue and the Mars Organic Analyzer Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis System (2009)

The fluorescent amine reactive probe Pacific Blue succinimidyl ester (PB) is used for the detection of trace amounts of amines and amino acids by microchip capillary electrophoresis on the Mars Organic Analyzer (MOA). The spectral and chemical properties of PB provide a 200-fold increase in sensitivity and improved resolution compared to fluorescamine derivatization. With the use of cross injection and PB labeling, the MOA detected amino acids at concentrations as low as 75 pM (sub-parts-per-trillion). Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) which separates PB-labeled amino acids by their hydrophobicity is also demonstrated. The optimized MEKC conditions (45 mM CHAPSO, pH 6 at 5 degrees C) effectively separated amines and 25 amino acids with enantiomeric resolution of alanine, serine, and citrulline. Samples from the Yungay Hills region in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and from the Murchison meteorite are successfully analyzed using both techniques, and amino acids are found in the parts-per-billion range. Abiotic amino acids such as beta-alanine and epsilon-aminocaprioc acid are detected along with several neutral and acidic amino acids in the Murchison sample. The Atacama Desert sample is found to contain homochiral L-alanine and L-serine indicating the presence of extant or recently extinct life.
Convenient Syntheses of 1,2-Ureylenecyclopentane Derivatives (1967)

Abstract Three Convenient syntheses of cis-1, 2-ureylenecyclopentane (VI) and cis-cis-3-methyl- 1, 2-ureylenecyclopentane (VIa), from 2-carbethoxycyclopentanone (I) and 5-methyl-2-carbethoxycyclopentanone (Ia) respectively, are described. The Curtius degradation of cis-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid derivatives took place without cis-trans isomerization. The hydrogenation of ethyl 3-methyl-2-ureidocyclopent-1-ene-1-carboxylate at 70°C gave two isomeric products, the major (IIIa), cis-cis-, and the minor (IIIb), cis-trans-3-methyl-2-ureido-1-carbethoxycyclopentane.
Solvent-free fluxing underfill film for electrical interconnection (2017)

A variety of underfill materials as film-and paste-types have been developed for electronic package applications, as the die/pitch becomes thinner and finer, recently. The paste-based adhesion such as isotropic conductive pastes (ICPs) is hard to precisely control the required amount, resulting in surplus resins at edges and a laborious process. Common film-based adhesion is deficient in flux, limited to non-oxidizable electrode elements, like Au stud bumps. This film formation also requires solvents or additional UV-curable resins. Here, to overcome these drawbacks, we generated flux-infiltrated adhesive films via a solvent-free, thermally-induced film formation, based on our previous research involved with fluxing underfill pastes. Thermoplastic materials and heat-curable epoxy resins were utilized for newly designed films as a matrix and an adhesive, respectively. They were mixed together at a temperature between the thermoplastic melting and the beginning of epoxy cure to prevent solidification and reaction. The melt-mixture was coated and at the end cooled down onto plastic release films. This solvent-free, facile film fabrication is a promising pathway in terms of convenient processing conditions allowing a solvent-free process during film production. This film also provides a simultaneous fluxing/underfill function during reaction at a temperature where solder components are melted. This solvent-free non-conductive film (NCF) showed good solder wettability and transmittance ∼90%. Toward this end, the combination of thermoplastics and curable resin facilitates flux-adhesive film formation without a solvent and thus has potential to be used for a wide range of electronic package applications.
Architectural strategies in standard-cell design for the 7 nm and beyond technology node (2016)

Standard-cell design and characterization are presented for 7-nm CMOS platform technology targeting low-power and high-performance applications with the tightest contacted poly pitch of 42 nm and a metallization pitch of 32 nm in the FinFET technology. Two standard-cell architectures for 7 nm, a 9-track library and a 7.5-track library have been designed, introducing an extra middle-of-line layer to enable an efficient layout of the 7.5-track cells. The 7.5-track cells are on average smaller than the 9-track cells. With the strict design constraints imposed by self-aligned quadruple patterning and self-aligned double patterning, careful design and technology co-optimization is performed.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins 2 and 3 in Prostate Tissue: Clinical Correlations (1996)

Our data suggest that significant changes in the insulin-like growth factor system occur with malignant transformation in the prostate. It is hoped that this system may eventually result in a better serum or tissue (from prostate biopsy) marker of malignant transformation, and/or represent a target for early therapeutic intervention to alter the growth and development of prostate cancer.
How Many Measurements of Soil Moisture within the Footprint of a Ground‐Based Microwave Radiometer Are Required to Account for Meter‐Scale Spatial Variability? (2013)

Validation of ground‐based microwave remote sensing measurements with point measurements of soil moisture remains an important task. The number of point measurements needed to characterize the mean soil moisture of an area on the order of tens of square meters, and the manner in which these observations should be made remain unknown. We conducted a field experiment in central Iowa to characterize the spatial process of soil moisture and sampling strategies for estimating the mean soil moisture of an area that represents the footprint of a ground‐based microwave radiometer. We determined the spatial dependence of the moisture content of bare soil at this scale, which allows the determination of the mean soil moisture from point measurements. This spatial dependence can be described by an exponential variogram model. The parameters of this model vary according to mean moisture conditions. The accuracy of the estimate of mean soil moisture depends on the number of point measurements, what sampling technique is used, and mean moisture conditions. When we use spatial dependence, we increase the accuracy and precision of our estimates of the mean. Lattice and stratified sampling schemes require fewer measurements than random sampling when a higher level of accuracy in the estimate of mean soil moisture is desired. Practically, if measurements of soil moisture are made in random locations and spatial dependence is not used, we found that approximately 20 measurements within a 7 by 9 m footprint would estimate the mean to within close to 0.01 m 3 m −3 of the true value for the entire range of soil moisture conditions that we observed.
BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGY FOR A 0.5-MICRON-WIDE BASE TRANSISTOR WITH AN ECL GATE DELAY OF 21.5 PICOSECONDS (1992)

This paper presents a high speed Si bipolar transistor using polysil icon sidewall base-elect]-ode transistor (POSET) technology developed from selfaligned silicon bipolar transistor technology. We reduced the parasi tic capacitance between the base and the collector to a minimum to maximize the transistor's speed. Other techniques were usecl to make a practical device with a gate delay time of 21.5 ps/gate at a switching current of 0.32 mA. This is faster than any commercial bipolar transistor at a switching current about one third. The low-resistance technology greatly increased the grain size of amorphous silicon and optimized the impurity density. This minimized the disadvantages of POSET and allowed us to reduce the parasitic capacitance between the base and the collector. The advantages of POSET were all maintained. We also used the technologies above to make an ECL circuit. The ECL circuit combined a graded collector profile, a shallow base produced by
Subcutaneous Administration of Carrier Erythrocytes: Slow Release of Entrapped Agent (1988)

Carrier erythrocytes administered subcutaneously in mice release encapsulated molecules at the injection site and through cells that escape the injection site. One day postinjection, the efflux of encapsulated [14C]sucrose, [3H]inulin, and 51Cr-hemoglobin from the injection site was 45, 55, and 65%, respectively. Intact carrier erythrocytes escaped the injection site and entered the blood circulation carrying with them the encapsulated molecules. Most of the encapsulated [3H]inulin that reached whole blood circulated within erythrocytes. Small but measurable numbers of encapsulated molecules were trapped within lymph nodes. Subcutaneous injection of carrier erythrocytes may allow for limited extravascular tissue targeting of drugs.
How the Environment Controls Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of PRODAN:  A Quantum-Mechanical Study in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Media (2007)

The spectroscopic behavior of 6-propionyl-2-(N,N-dimethyl)aminonaphthalene (PRODAN) is investigated in different environments, ranging from homogeneous solutions of different polarities to diffuse interfaces mimicking membranes. The variety of experimental data as well as computational results present in the literature still do not clarify the nature of the emission process; in particular, it is not well-established whether fluorescence in such a molecule occurs from a planar or from a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state. The first part of the work is thus devoted to better understand how the electronic transition processes occur in homogeneous solvents. The effect of the medium polarity as well as the hydrogen bond formation are studied. In the second part of the paper, a first attempt to interpret the experimental results of PRODAN in unilamellar vesicles is carried out. The complexity of the still-open questions about the photophysics of PRODAN has prompted us to base the study on quantum-mechanical calculations performed at various levels of theory, namely, DFT, TDDFT, CIS, and SAC-CI, and to include the effects of the environment in a self-consistent way. This is achieved by using the integral equation formalism version of the polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM). IEFPCM is a quite versatile approach, being able to treat equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvation in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media.
Nanopatterning of Si Substrate Using Nanospheres as a Mask for Localized Anodization (2004)

A silicon oxide nano-honeycomb structure and an ordered Si convex array have been fabricated using self-assembled polystyrene beads as a mask for localized anodization and the subsequent chemical etching. The silicon oxide nano-honeycomb structure, which could be produced only on the exposed Si surface, that is, a triangular void among the three spheres on the substrate, was fabricated using electrochemical oxidation. On the other hand, the silicon convex hexagonal array was fabricated by selective chemical etching of the oxide honeycomb pattern in hydrogen fluoride. The dimensions of the obtained nanostructures could be controlled arbitrarily by changing the diameter of the nanospheres used as a mask.
PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND ENTOMOLOGIC RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA IN ASSAM, INDIA (2004)

Fever surveys were conducted in several districts of the Indian state of Assam to ascertain the prevalence of malaria in relation to vector abundance, entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs), and geographic location of human settlements. Anopheles minimus were incriminated, but their relative abundance and biting rates varied among districts, and no significant correlation was observed between these two indicators (r = 0.43, P = 0.34). Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant parasite species except in two districts where P. vivax was the majority parasite. The EIRs per person/night were 0.46-0.71 in P. falciparum-predominant areas and 0.12 in the district where P. vivax predominated. The correlation of percentage of fever cases positive for malaria infection in each district with the corresponding EIR was not significant (r = 0.6, P = 0.21). Malaria cases were detected in all months of the year but peaked during May-June, which corresponded to the months of heavy rainfall. These were also the months with highest incidence of infection with P. falciparum. Malaria cases were observed in all age groups of both sexes, and there was clustering of cases in villages near the vector-breeding habitat (perennial seepage streams), and foothill villages. However, malaria incidences were consistently lower in villages within 5 km of the nearest health care facility, which were in town areas. The data presented are indicative of low-to-moderate levels of malaria transmission by An. minimus, and would be of value for developing future intervention strategies.
BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLUBLE MULTIVALENT MHC Ld/Fc??1 AND Ld/Fc?? CHIMERIC PROTEINS LOADED WITH SPECIFIC PEPTIDES1 (1997)

Central to the specificity of the immune system is the interaction between the T cell receptor and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide ligand complex. To better understand the nature of this interaction, and to investigate possible avenues for specific therapeutic intervention, we have produced soluble recombinant molecules that can modulate antigen-specific T cells. Our approach involved the construction of recombinant murine genes composed of the MHC class I gene H-2L(d) and the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain genes mu or gamma1. Stable transfectants of these L(d)/Fc gamma1 and L(d)/Fc mu genes generated correctly spliced transcripts and were capable of secreting chimeric protein. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the presence of chimeric L(d)/ Fc gamma1 and L(d)/Fc mu monomers of approximately 69 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively, as well as chimeric dimers under nonreducing conditions. The capacity of L(d)/Ig molecules to bind specific peptide ligands was demonstrated using radiolabeled peptides or with monoclonal reagents that specifically identify peptide-induced conformational changes in the L(d) ligand binding site. Soluble divalent L(d)/Fc gamma1 molecules were loaded with the murine cytomegalovirus-derived peptide and other L(d)-specific peptide ligands and subsequently isolated and purified. Peptide-loaded L(d)/Fc gamma1 molecules were capable of inhibiting the response of class I-restricted T cells in vitro in a peptide-specific fashion. The development of soluble multivalent chimeric proteins that possess unique properties of both the MHC class I and Ig molecules provides a valuable reagent for the study of potential mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo immune modulation.
State of the Art of Working Capital Management (1973)

W hile major theoretical advanceshave been made in recent years with respect to the longer-range financial decisions of the firm, research devoted to shorter-range or working capital decision-making would appear to have been less productive. At the same time, we can probably attribute a large number of business failures in recent years to an inability of financial managers to plan and control properly the current assets and current liabilities of their
Peculiarity of multi-splitting filtering technology (2014)

The paper presents the review of basic results which described the optical properties of novel optical filter/multiplexer constructed by multiply coupled wave-guides. For the study, a modified effective index method (MEIM), has been used. It correctly describes, in the 2D case both the phase and the group indexes in a 3D silicon wire waveguide and makes it possible to simulate complicated SOI structures by 2D finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The silicon wire crossings are realized by means of a vertical up and down coupling through the silica buffer of tapered Si wires with the upper thick polymer waveguide. FDTD modeling prove that a short 0.26 mm multiplexer with 32 couplers has FSR 35 nm, spectral resolutions 1.4 nm, internal loss -0.7 dB and sidelobes -20 dB.
Ferromagnetism and stability of half-metallic MnSb and MnBi in the strained zinc-blende structure: Predictions from full potential and pseudopotential calculations (2004)

We use first principles calculations to study the energy and magnetic moment of MnSb and MnBi in the (equilibrium) nickel arsenide, zinc-blende, and tetragonally distorted zinc-blende structures. We find that the zinc-blende structure is mechanically unstable, i.e., the energy is a relative maximum for $c/a=1$ at fixed volume. We studied the tetragonal structures by fixing the in-plane lattice constant to be equal to that of typical semiconductors (such as GaAs) which might serve as substrates for epitaxial growth and then minimizing the energy as a function of $c/a.$ Over a wide range of $a,$ including that of GaAs, we find half-metallic ferromagnets. We suggest that these structures are much more likely to be achieved as thin films than the cubic zinc-blende phases.
Serum Levels of Carnitine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Correlates (1995)

Carnitine is essential for mitochondrial energy production. Disturbance in mitochondrial function may contribute to or cause the fatigue seen in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients. One previous investigation has reported decreased acylcarnitine levels in 38 CFS patients. We investigated 35 CFS patients (27 females and 8 males); our results indicate that CFS patients have statistically significantly lower serum total carnitine, free carnitine and acylcarnitine levels, not only lower acylcarnitine levels as previously reported. We also found a statistically significant correlation between serum levels of total and free carnitine and clinical symptomatology. Higher serum carnitine levels correlated with better functional capacity. These findings may be indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, which may contribute to or cause symptoms of fatigue in CFS patients.