gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an assay of the free beta-subunit of choriogonadotropin and its potential value in screening for Down's syndrome (1991)

In this study I investigated the analytical and clinical performance of the measurement of the free beta-subunit of choriogonadotropin (hCG) in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies affected by Down's syndrome. Free beta-hCG in maternal serum has been shown to be increased in Down's syndrome-affected pregnancies and is proportionally increased in more cases than is total hCG. This study confirms previous findings of low concentrations of unconjugated estriol and alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum in Down's syndrome-affected pregnancies. Using a multivariate risk analysis of maternal age and concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and hCG in maternal serum, I determined that, at a risk cutoff value of 1 in 300, 52% of Down's cases could be detected with total hCG in the calculation, compared with 66% with the free beta-hCG concentration. The false-positive rate was 5.9% in both cases. Therefore, free beta-hCG can be used effectively in a screening program for Down's syndrome; however, further studies are required to ascertain whether the measurement of free beta-hCG has any advantages over the use of total hCG for detecting Down's syndrome.
Digital techniques for improving the accuracy of data converters (1999)

This article provides a tutorial overview of some previously developed methods for enhancing the accuracy and linearity of data converters (analog-to-digital as well as digital-to-analog) by introducing auxiliary digital circuitry which calibrates, cancels and/or corrects the errors introduced by the unavoidable inaccuracy of the analog components used in the conversion. Simple but practical examples are used to illustrate the various improvement techniques. Using the described methods, the inherent accuracy and linearity of the data conversion can be extended from about 10 bits to 16 bits and more.
Uncovering Residual Effects of Chronic Sleep Loss on Human Performance (2010)

Sleep loss leads to profound performance decrements. Yet many individuals believe they adapt to chronic sleep loss or that recovery requires only a single extended sleep episode. To evaluate this, we designed a protocol whereby the durations of sleep and wake episodes were increased to 10 and 32.85 hours, respectively, to yield a reduced sleep-to-wake ratio of 1:3.3. These sleep and wake episodes were distributed across all circadian phases, enabling measurement of the effects of acute and chronic sleep loss at different times of the circadian day and night. Despite recurrent acute and substantial chronic sleep loss, 10-hour sleep opportunities consistently restored vigilance task performance during the first several hours of wakefulness. However, chronic sleep loss markedly increased the rate of deterioration in performance across wakefulness, particularly during the circadian "night." Thus, extended wake during the circadian night reveals the cumulative detrimental effects of chronic sleep loss on performance, with potential adverse health and safety consequences.
Differences in aromatic-DNA adduct levels between alveolar macrophages and subpopulations of white blood cells from smokers (1998)

The 32P-post-labelling assay for DNA adduct quantification gives the opportunity to examine endogenous exposure to DNA reactive compounds. Most human biomonitoring studies applied white blood cells (WBC) or cells obtained by broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) as source of DNA, but still it is not clear what cell type represents the most reliable indicator for exposure to cigarette smoke-associated genotoxins. At first, we examined DNA adduct levels by means of nuclease P1 (NP1) enriched 32P-post-labelling in separated WBC subpopulations after in vitro incubations for 18 h with 10 microM benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). DNA adduct levels were highest in monocytes (10.7 +/- 2.9 adducts/10(8) nucleotides, n = 8), followed by lymphocytes (5.9 +/- 1.7, n = 8), and granulocytes (0.5 +/- 0.2, n = 8). Secondly, aromatic-DNA adduct levels were determined in BAL cells and WBC-subsets from (non-)smoking volunteers. In smoking individuals, adduct levels were in the ranking order: BAL cells (3.7 +/- 1.0, n = 5) > monocytes (2.0 +/- 0.5, n = 8) > or = lymphocytes (1.6 +/- 0.4, n = 8) > granulocytes (0.8 +/- 0.2, n = 8) by NP1-enrichment and monocytes (9.0 +/- 3.2, n = 5) > or = lymphocytes (8.0 +/- 2.1, n = 6) > granulocytes (2.1 +/- 0.3, n = 7) by butanol-enriched 32P-post-labelling. Aromatic-DNA adduct levels were significantly higher in WBC-subsets of smokers as compared with non-smokers, except for DNA adducts in granulocytes using butanol enrichment. Thirdly, dose-response relationships were investigated in mononuclear white blood cells (MNC, i.e. monocytes plus lymphocytes) and BAL-cells of a larger group of smoking individuals (n = 78). Adduct levels in MNC were related to daily exposure to cigarette-tar (r = 0.31, P < 0.01). Adduct levels in BAL cells seemed to be correlated with pack-years, but after correction for age this relationship was lost. Butanol extraction resulted in 5-6-fold higher DNA adduct levels in MNC, whereas butanol extraction of BAL-DNA of the same individuals yielded only 2-fold higher adduct levels. The two enrichment procedures of 32P-post-labelling were correlated in BAL cells (r = 0.86, P < 0.001, n = 12). We conclude that particularly MNC are good surrogates for the detection of smoking-related DNA adducts.
A role for antibodies in the generation of memory antifungal immunity (2003)

Protective immunity to Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus is mediated by antigen-specific Th1 cells. To define the role of B cells and antibodies in the generation of antifungal immune resistance, B cell-deficient (mu MT) mice were assessed for immune resistance to primary and secondary infections with both fungi. The results showed that, although passive administration of antibodies increased the fungal clearance, the innate and Th1-mediated resistance to the primary and secondary infections were both heightened in mu MT mice with candidiasis and aspergillosis. However, although capable of efficiently restricting the fungal growth, mu MT mice did not survive the re-infection with C. albicans, and this was concurrent with the failure to generate IL-10-producing dendritic cells and regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. Antifungal opsonizing antibodies restored IL-10 production by dendritic cells from mu MT mice, a finding suggesting that the availability of opsonizing antibodies may condition the nature of the dendritic cell interaction with fungi, possibly impacting on the development of long-lasting antifungal immunity.
Geometrical designs and performance analysis of a linear fresnel reflector solar concentrator with a flat horizontal absorber (1990)

Two different approaches for designing a linear Fresnel reflector solar concentrator (LFRSC) with a flat horizontal absorber are described. The performance characteristics of both the designs are studied in detail. The distribution of local concentration ratio on the surface of the absorber, for each design, is investigated using the ray trace technique. Results of some typical numerical calculations are presented graphically and discussed.
Real-Time Implementation of a General Model for Spatial Processing of Sounds (2002)

In 1982, one of the authors proposed a general model for spatial processing of sounds and included a partial implementation of it in thecmusic sound synthesis program[Moo83]. This model is designed to simulate the most perceptible physical characteristics of a real or imaginary space relating to the localization of sound sources. The original model defines the acoustic space in two dimensions as an outer closed space (the illusory acoustic space) and an inner listening room (the intended performance space) with “openings ” along its perimeter in the location of the speakers. The spatial impression is produced by simulating the direct radiation, early echoes, and global reverberation of a sound source as heard through each opening. This paper discusses our modifications of the originalcmusic implementation: first, the algorithm runs in real-time, and second, we made additions that more satisfactorily realize the general model. Our implementations of the algorithm in Pd and Max/MSP are presented. 1
Data processing for LEEPL mask: splitting and placement correction (2002)

We have been developing a practical mask-data processing system for low-energy electron-beam proximity-projection lithography (LEEPL), a promising candidate for the next generation lithography. Several problems inherent to the unique mask structure for LEEPL have been solved in principle. In this paper, the overview of the system is demonstrated, with special focus on the corrections for the possible violation of complementary splitting on the boundary of neighboring data-processing units as well as the image placement error due to mask distortion.
Phosphorus Diffusion in Silicon Using Phosphine (1970)

A study of phosphorus diffusion into silicon has been made by using an open tube diffusion system and phosphine in nitrogen as the impurity source. For constant doping gas and oxygen concentrations, the sheet resistance and junction depth were exponential functions of the reciprocal of absolute temperature. A linear relationship was obtained between junction depth and the square root of the diffusion time. Also, the experimental results showed the independence of mean conductivity, with diffusion time and temperature. The diffusion coefficient for phosphorus in silicon was calculated to be .
Centrosome movement in the early divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans: a cortical site determining centrosome position. (1989)

In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, early blastomeres of the P cell lineage divide successively on the same axis. This axis is a consequence of the specific rotational movement of the pair of centrosomes and nucleus (Hyman, A. A., and J. G. White. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:2123-2135). A laser has been used to perturb the centrosome movements that determine the pattern of early embryonic divisions. The results support a previously proposed model in which a centrosome rotates towards its correct position by shortening of connections, possibly microtubules, between a centrosome and a defined site on the cortex of the embryo.
Protection and compensation in the influenza virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell response (2003)

Influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells generally recognize peptides derived from conserved, internal proteins that are not subject to antibody-mediated selection pressure. Prior exposure to any one influenza A virus (H1N1) can prime for a secondary CD8+ T cell response to a serologically different influenza A virus (H3N2). The protection afforded by this recall of established CD8+ T cell memory, although limited, is not negligible. Key characteristics of primary and secondary influenza-specific host responses are probed here with recombinant viruses expressing modified nucleoprotein (NP) and acid polymerase (PA) genes. Point mutations were introduced into the epitopes derived from the NP and PA such that they no longer bound the presenting H2Db MHC class I glycoprotein, and reassortant H1N1 and H3N2 viruses were made by reverse genetics. Conventional (C57BL/6J, H2b, and Ig+/+) and Ig-/- (muMT) mice were more susceptible to challenge with the single NP [HKx31 influenza A virus (HK)-NP] and PA (HK-PA) mutants, but unlike the Ig-/- mice, Ig+/+ mice were surprisingly resistant to the HK-NP/-PA double mutant. This virus was found to promote an enhanced IgG response resulting, perhaps, from the delayed elimination of antigen-presenting cells. Antigen persistence also could explain the increase in size of the minor KbPB1703 CD8+ T cell population in mice infected with the mutant viruses. The extent of such compensation was always partial, giving the impression that any virus-specific CD8+ T cell response operates within constrained limits. It seems that the relationship between protective humoral and cellular immunity is neither simple nor readily predicted.
Audiovisual slideshow (2006)

This demonstration presents a novel way to systematically display photos and enhance the viewing experience of photo browsing. In contrast to conventional photo slideshow, multiple photos that have similar characteristics are well arranged and displayed at the same layout. Moreover, the displaying pace is coordinated with the beat of the user-selected incidental music. To automatically generate the audiovisual slideshow, we develop a system that consists of three main components: photo analysis, music analysis, and audiovisual composition. Audiovisual content analysis and cross-media synchronization issues are addressed in this work. This novel demonstration is especially suitable to present photos taken in a journey. It vigorously presents the delights of traveling and helps us recall or experience the trip.
Hybrid dynamic energy and thermal management in heterogeneous embedded multiprocessor SoCs (2010)

Heterogeneous multiprocessor system-on-chips (MPSoCs) which consist of cores with various power and performance characteristics can customize their configuration to achieve higher performance per Watt. On the other hand, inherent imbalance in power densities across MPSoCs leads to non-uniform temperature distributions, which affect performance and reliability adversely. In addition, managing temperature might result in conflicting decisions with achieving higher energy efficiency. In this work, we propose a joint thermal and energy management technique specifically designed for heterogeneous MPSoCs. Our technique identifies the performance demands of the current workload. By utilizing job scheduling and voltage/frequency scaling dynamically, we meet the desired performance while minimizing the energy consumption and the thermal imbalance. In comparison to performance-aware policies such as load balancing, our technique simultaneously reduces the thermal hot spots, temperature gradients, and energy consumption significantly.
TRAFFIC MESSAGING, DYNAMIC UPDATING AND ROAD DATABASE STANDARDS : THE MAJOR ISSUES (1992)

The authors describe how international efforts to develop and refine a standard for digital road databases (termed geographic data files (GDF)) have been paralleled by efforts to use traffic messages to update GDF, typically by RDS-TMC. The integration of RDS-TMC messages with GDF requires the resolution of some fundamental issues. These problems are being approached from different directions by PROMETHEUS and a number of DRIVE projects and findings are fed directly into CEN the European standards body, for early standardisation. >
A pharmacological appraisal of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential (2012)

Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder that has gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Conventional agents are being used to control diabetes along with lifestyle management. However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser side-effects and low cost. This review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in diabetes. A record of various medicinal plants with their established antidiabetic and other health benefits has been reported. These include Allium sativa, Eugenia jambolana, Panax ginseng, Gymnema sylvestre, Momrodica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Trigonella foenum graecum and Tinospora cordifolia. All of them have shown a certain degree of antidiabetic activity by different mechanisms of action.
Gait Recognition Using Wearable Motion Recording Sensors (2009)

This paper presents an alternative approach, where gait is collected by the sensors attached to the person's body. Such wearable sensors record motion (e.g. acceleration) of the body parts during walking. The recorded motion signals are then investigated for person recognition purposes. We analyzed acceleration signals from the foot, hip, pocket and arm. Applying various methods, the best EER obtained for foot-, pocket-, arm- and hip- based user authentication were 5%, 7%, 10% and 13%, respectively. Furthermore, we present the results of our analysis on security assessment of gait. Studying gait-based user authentication (in case of hip motion) under three attack scenarios, we revealed that a minimal effort mimicking does not help to improve the acceptance chances of impostors. However, impostors who know their closest person in the database or the genders of the users can be a threat to gait-based authentication. We also provide some new insights toward the uniqueness of gait in case of foot motion. In particular, we revealed the following: a sideway motion of the foot provides the most discrimination, compared to an up-down or forward-backward directions; and different segments of the gait cycle provide different level of discrimination.
A List of Brochs and Broch Sites (1943)

The following list contains five hundred and three items, as follows: (i) Three hundred and five structures which have been positively identified as brochs and are still in existence. For those printed in italics no dimensions or structural features are on record. (ii) Sixty-six sites of vanished structures which are known to have been brochs. These are listed as ‘broch sites’. In a few cases descriptions are on record. (iii) One hundred and thirty-two structures which probably are or possibly may be brochs, but which have not been positively identified as such. These are listed as ‘uncertain examples’.
Screening Viologen Derivatives for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (2020)

Viologen derivatives have been developed as negative electrolyte for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AOFBs), but the structure-performance relationship remains unclear. Here, it was investigated how the structure of viologens impacts their electrochemical behavior and thereby the battery performance, by taking hydroxylated viologens as examples. Calculations of frontier molecular orbital energy and molecular configuration promise to be an effective tool in predicting potential, kinetics, and stability, and may be broadly applicable. Specifically, a modified viologen derivative, BHOP-Vi, was proved to be the most favorable structure, enabling a concentrated 2 m battery to exhibit a power density of 110.87 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> and an excellent capacity retention rate of 99.953 % h<sup>-1</sup> .
EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE SCREENING OF THE DAYLIGHT SPECTRUM, AND OF TWILIGHT ON PLANT GROWTH IN GREENHOUSES (1992)

ISHS First European Workshop on Thermogenesis and Photomorphogenesis in the Cultivation of Ornamentals EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE SCREENING OF THE DAYLIGHT SPECTRUM, AND OF TWILIGHT ON PLANT GROWTH IN GREENHOUSES
RNN Decoding of Linear Block Codes (2017)

Designing a practical, low complexity, close to optimal, channel decoder for powerful algebraic codes with short to moderate block length is an open research problem. Recently it has been shown that a feed-forward neural network architecture can improve on standard belief propagation decoding, despite the large example space. In this paper we introduce a recurrent neural network architecture for decoding linear block codes. Our method shows comparable bit error rate results compared to the feed-forward neural network with significantly less parameters. We also demonstrate improved performance over belief propagation on sparser Tanner graph representations of the codes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the RNN decoder can be used to improve the performance or alternatively reduce the computational complexity of the mRRD algorithm for low complexity, close to optimal, decoding of short BCH codes.
Prediction of the Mechanism of Action of Fusaricidin on Bacillus subtilis (2012)

Long-term use of antibiotics has engendered a large number of resistant pathogens, which pose a serious threat to human health. Here, we investigated the mechanism of fusaricidin antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtilis and characterized the pathways responsible for drug resistance. We found that σ(w), an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor, plays an important role in the resistance to fusaricidins during the initial 5 minutes of drug addition. Approximately 18 genes were induced more than 3-fold, of which 66.7% are known to be regulated by σ(w). Over the following 3 h, fusaricidins induced 194 genes more than three-fold, and most were associated with classes of antibiotic-responsive stimulons. Moreover, the fusaricidin treatment increased the catabolism of fatty and amino acids but strongly repressed glucose decomposition and gluconeogenesis. In summary, our data provide insight into the mechanism of fusaricidin activity, on which we based our suggested strategies for the development of novel antibiotic agents.
相位测量,跟踪能力和检验—理论和实践 (1991)

1.前言每制造出一种更准确的校准仪器,则需要提出一种能检验其特性的更好方法,这在测量领域中是常见的情况。本文介绍可在0°,60°,90°和180°角附近,以高分辣率测量相对相位和绝对相位的新方法,也介绍了实施这些方法的可行方案,并对实验数据进行了比较。
REVIEWS (1961)

REVIEWS Die Palästina-Literatur: eine internationale Bibliographie in systematischer Ordnung mit Autoren- und Sachregister. By PETER THOMSEN. Band A: Die Literatur der Jahre 1878–1894. Lieferung 3 (S. 545–905). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1960. n.p. G. R. DRIVER G. R. DRIVER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XII, Issue 1, April 1961, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XII.1.66 Published: 01 April 1961
Java Programming Basics (1996)

This book explains the fundamentals of progr amming in Java, including how to program and link applets to create interactive content sites. It also shows how to use Java with Netscape Navigator and other applications '
One-Step Route to 2,3-Diaminopyrroles Using a Titanium-Catalyzed Four-Component Coupling (2009)

A simple indolyl titanium complex, Ti(NMe2)2(IndMe2)2 (1), can be prepared from commercially available reagents, Ti(NMe2)4 and 2,3-dimethylindole. Indolyl-containing 1 is a catalyst for the selective generation of unusual 2,3-diaminopyrroles from four-component coupling of 2 equiv of an isonitrile, 1 equiv of an arylamine, and 1 equiv of an alkyne in an atom-efficient process. For this study, both terminal and internal alkynes were used with a selection of arylamines to provide 11 examples of 2,3-diaminopyrroles. Yields for terminal alkyne substrates in this reaction were 75−93%. In all cases, terminal alkynes result in one of the α-positions on the pyrrole being unsubstituted. Two reactions with internal alkynes provided pentasubstituted pyrroles in 42% and 88% yield. Catalyst 1, along with six of the pyrrole products, was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
HMM based hand gesture recognition: A review on techniques and approaches (2009)

Gesture is one of the most natural and expressive ways of communications between human and computer in a virtual reality system. We naturally use various gestures to express our own intentions in everyday life. Hand gesture is one of the important methods of non-verbal communication for human beings for its freer in movements and much more expressive than any other body parts. Hand gesture recognition has a number of potential applications in human-computer interaction, machine vision, virtual reality, machine control in industry, and so on. As a gesture is a continuous motion on a sequential time series, the HMMs (Hidden Markov Models) must be a prominent recognition tool. The most important thing in hand gesture recognition is what the input features are that best represent the characteristics of the moving hand gesture.This paper presents part of literature review on ongoing research and findings on different technique and approaches in gesture recognition using HMMs for vision-based approach.