gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked chili during cooling (1988)

U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations require that brick chili be cooled from 48.9 degrees C to 4.4 degrees C within 2 h of cooking, but processors may not always be able to comply. Studies were conducted to evaluate the extent of bacterial multiplication resulting from outgrowth of germinated Clostridium perfringens spores experimentally inoculated into chili and incubated at various temperatures. Inoculated samples were heated (75 degrees C for 20 min) to activate spores, quickly equilibrated, and held at one of five desired temperatures for 6 h. No growth was observed for C. perfringens in samples held at 26.7 degrees C and below for 6 h, but growth was observed by 6 h in samples held at 32.2 degrees C and after 2 h in samples held at temperatures between 37.8 degrees C and 48.9 degrees C. Using isothermal growth data, we developed a simple model for predicting the growth of bacteria with time under exponential cooling conditions. The model predicts both the lag phase and the numbers of bacteria at specific times during the growth phase. It was developed by using isothermal growth data and tested by using temperature-varying growth data from experiments with spores of C. perfringens in chili. Actual data agreed closely with predicted results. The results should be useful for evaluating the hazard potential for growth of C. perfringens in chili.
Managing Supply Chain Complexity: Identifying the Requisite Skills (2012)

Eminent throught leader Martin Christopher provides a historical analysis of the evolution of the field of supply chain management, identifying three key elements that have changed this landscape, viz., globalization of supply chains, continued outsourcing, and widespread adoption of ‘lean’ practices. He then analyzes the impact of these three key elements on the need to manage across boundaries, the need for both left-brained and right-brained skills, and most importantly the understanding and creation of a broad skills-profile for successfully managing the complexity in the supply chain.
Oxidation-resistance mechanism and other properties of molybdenum disilicide (1952)

The outstanding oxidation resistance of molybdenum disilicide at 2400 F and above was found to depend on the formation of a protective siliceous coating which a-cristobalie has been identified. Molybdenum disilicide is not inherently resistant to oxidation and in powdered form burns at low temperatures.Melting and casting experiments have demonstrated the decomposition of the material at the melting point. The room-temperature modulus of elasticity has been determined and electric-resistivity data are given to 2000 F.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Human Antibodies Directed against Fibrinogen, Thrombin, and Factor V Following Exposure to Bovine Thrombin: Effects on Blood Coagulation, Protein C Activation and Platelet Function (1997)

We describe a patient with severe epistaxis, prolonged coagulation tests and decreased plasma factor V following exposure to bovine topical thrombin. Patient IgG, but not normal IgG, showed binding to immobilized thrombin (bovine > human) and fibrinogen, and to factor V by Western blotting; the binding to thrombin was inhibited by hirudin fragment 54-65. Electron microscopy of rotary shadowed preparations showed complexes with IgG molecules attached near the ends of trinodular fibrinogen molecules. Patient IgG inhibited procoagulant, anticoagulant and cell-stimulating functions of thrombin demonstrated by inhibition of fibrinogen clotting, protein C activation and platelet aggregation; thrombin hydrolysis of S-2238 was not inhibited. The results suggest that the antibody is targeted against anion-binding exosite and not catalytic site of thrombin. Antifibrinogen antibodies have not been reported in patients exposed to bovine thrombin. There is a pressing need to re-evaluate the role of bovine thrombin as a therapeutic agent.
Functional models of UMTS and integration into future networks (1993)

The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) will implement terminal mobility and a form of personal mobility limited to UMTS. The most essential procedures to provide this are related to user registration, location management, handover and security. These mobility procedures are specified using specific functional models. In these models, the required functions are identified and the distribution of the functions in the network is anticipated. In a next step, the specific models are mapped onto a generic functional model. This generic model can be considered as the integration and unification of the specific models. Its structure reflects two important implementation aspects. First, the integration of UMTS into future networks for fixed telecommunications is anticipated. Secondly, the application of the intelligent network architecture for the implementation of the UMTS mobility procedures and service provision is assumed.
Radiation hardened 64 K/256 K EEPROM technology (2002)

This paper summarizes the status of 64 K and 256 K radiation hardened EEPROM devices that are being produced for space and strategic applications at Northrop Grumman Corporation. These devices use Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Semiconductor (SONOS) technology which provides improved total dose radiation hardness over floating gate devices. Circuit design techniques provide good resistance to single event and transient radiation effects. Several CMOS/SONOS devices are being produced including an 8 K/spl times/8 EEPROM, a 32 K/spl times/8 EEPROM (in development), plus mixed mode ASICs. This technology has been demonstrated to have better than 10 year retention at 80/spl deg/C after 10/sup 4/ programming cycles. The EEPROMs utilize a radiation hardened CMOS process technology currently specified at 300 Krad(Si) total dose hardness. Both n-channel and p-channel SONOS memory transistors are currently in use, but the EEPROMs are based on n-channel SONOS.
A successful strategy for implementing statistical process controls (2003)

In the summer of 1987, the IBM Endicott (NY) Substrate Business Unit Management Team made a commitment to formulate and implement a comprehensive statistical process control (SPC) strategy for the entire substrate manufacturing line. The cornerstone of this strategy was the creation of a management support team consisting of upper-level management and statisticians to develop the strategy, manage the implementation, and resolve any problems. Process teams (one per unique process), consisting of a manufacturing engineer, quality engineer, statistician, and two key manufacturing operators, were then set up to study the process flow and its parameters to determine if control charts were appropriate. The implementation strategy is described. The accomplishments include: 177 control charts on the manufacturing floor, 23 technical reports that were written with 60 first-time authors, elimination of major sampling inspection gates, and control charts that continue to prevent major problems from occurring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A latex slide agglutination test for rapid detection of antimyeloperoxidase antibody. (1999)

MPO-LSAT is a simple diagnostic test that is potentially useful in the clinical laboratory as a rapid screening tool for vasculitic diseases.
Optical Properties of Silicon Nanocrystallites Prepared by Excimer Laser Ablation in Inert Gas (1996)

Optical properties of silicon (Si) nanocrystallites prepared by excimer laser ablation in constant-pressure inert gas have been studied in relation to the particle size. Visible photoluminescence (PL) bands in the red and green spectral regions appear at room temperature after an oxidation process. The red PL band is independent of the particle size and is stable without degradation by excitation light irradiation. It is concluded that the red PL is emitted from the surface states of the oxidized Si nanocrystallites. In contrast, the green PL band depends on the particle size. The green PL intensity decreases during excitation light irradiation in air, and then recovers in the subsequent vacuum evacuation. These results suggest that the origin of the green PL is associated with a quantum confinement effect of Si nanocrystallites.
New Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) Dyes for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

Two novel metal-free dyes (DPP-I and DPP-II) with a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core were synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The absorption spectra and electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of DPP-I and DPP-II were extensively investigated. Electrochemical measurement data indicate that the tuning of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be conveniently accomplished by alternating the π-conjugated systems. Besides, coadsorption of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can hinder the formation of dye aggregates and might improve electron injection yield and, thus, Jsc. This has also led to a rise in the photovoltage, which is attributed to the decrease of charge recombination. The DSSC based on dye DPP-I showed better photovoltaic performance: a maximum monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 80%, a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 9.78 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 605 mV, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.14% under standard global AM 1.5 solar light condition. This work suggests that the metal-free dyes based on a DPP core are promising candidates for improvement of the performance of DSSCs.
Targets of B‐cell antigen receptor signaling: the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 signaling pathway and the Rap1 GTPase (2000)

In this review, we discuss the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Rap 1 in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. PI3K produces lipids that recruit pleckstrin homology domain-containing proteins to the plasma membrane. Akt is a kinase that the BCR activates in this manner. Akt phosphorylates several transcription factors as well as proteins that regulate apoptosis and protein synthesis. Akt also regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3, a kinase whose substrates include the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT)cl and beta-catenin transcriptional activators. In addition to Akt, PI3K-derived lipids also regulate the activity and localization of other targets of BCR signaling. Thus, a key event in BCR signaling is the recruitment of PI3K to the plasma membrane where its substrates are located. This is mediated by binding of the Src homology (SH) 2 domains in PI3K to phosphotyrosine-containing sequences on membrane-associated docking proteins. The docking proteins that the BCR uses to recruit PI3K include CD19, Cbl, Gab1, and perhaps Gab2. We have shown that Gab1 colocalizes PI3K with SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) and SHP2, two enzymes that regulate PI3K-dependent signaling. In contrast to PI3K, little is known about the Rap1 GTPase. We showed that the BCR activates Rap1 via phospholipase C-dependent production of diacylglycerol. Since Rap1 is thought to regulate cell adhesion and cell polarity, it may be involved in B-cell migration.
Cross-Resistance of Imazethapyr-Resistant Common Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i>) to Selected Imidazolinone, Sulfonylurea, and Triazolopyrimidine Herbicides (1999)

The study was conducted to determine the cross-resistance of imazethapyr-resistant common sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) to selected imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine herbicides. Whole-plant herbicide dose–response curves and in vitro enzyme studies showed that imazethapyr-resistant common sunflower was highly resistant to imazamox, slightly resistant to thifensulfuron and chlorimuron, and not resistant to cloransulam. Resistance ratios of herbicide concentrations required to inhibit growth by 25% were 310, 3.3, 2.0, and 1.4 times greater in the resistant biotype than in the susceptible biotype for imazamox, thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and cloransulam, respectively. Similarly, herbicide concentrations required to inhibit ALS activity in vitro by 25% were 332.0, 18.6, 8.3, and 1.2 times greater in the resistant biotype than in the sensitive biotype for imazamox, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, and cloransulam, respectively.
A Comparison of Two Delivery Modalities of a Mobile Phone-Based Assessment for Serious Mental Illness: Native Smartphone Application vs Text-Messaging Only Implementations (2013)

Native smartphone applications and SMS text are both valuable methods of delivering real-time assessment in individuals with schizophrenia. However, a more streamlined graphical user interface may lead to better compliance and shorter entry times. Further research is needed to test the efficacy of this technology within clinical services, to assess validity over longer periods of time and when delivered on patients' own phones.
Invasive carcinoma of the breast: Prognostic significance of tumor size and involved axillary lymph nodes (1974)

The clinical records were reviewed of 1034 patients who had invasive carcinomas of the breast treated with radical mastectomy at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital-Cancer Research Center between 1940 and 1965. There was a correspondence between the size of tumors and both the frequency of axillary nodal involvement and patient survival. Although patients with nodal involvement had lower survival rates than those without, small tumor size was associated with a relatively favorable prognosis within each nodal category. These findings tend to support the value of early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Valproic acid metabolism and its effects on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation: A review (2008)

Valproic acid (VPA; 2-n-propylpentanoic acid) is widely used as a major drug in the treatment of epilepsy and in the control of several types of seizures. Being a simple fatty acid, VPA is a substrate for the fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) pathway, which takes place primarily in mitochondria. The toxicity of valproate has long been considered to be due primarily to its interference with mitochondrial beta-oxidation. The metabolism of the drug, its effects on enzymes of FAO and their cofactors such as CoA and/or carnitine will be reviewed. The cumulative consequences of VPA therapy in inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) and the importance of recognizing an underlying IEM in cases of VPA-induced steatosis and acute liver toxicity are two different concepts that will be emphasized.
Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2006)

FVPTC appeared to be a heterogeneous disease composed of 2 distinct groups: an infiltrative/diffuse (nonencapsulated) subvariant, which resembles classic papillary carcinoma in its metastatic lymph node pattern and invasive growth, and an encapsulated form, which behaves more like FTA/FTC. Patients who had noninvasive, encapsulated FVPTCs did not develop lymph node metastases or recurrences and could be treated by lobectomy alone. If the current findings are confirmed, then strong consideration should be given to reclassifying encapsulated FVPTC as an entity that is close to the FTA/FTC class of tumors.
Vision Transformers for Dense Prediction (2021)

We introduce dense prediction transformers, an architecture that leverages vision transformers in place of convolutional networks as a backbone for dense prediction tasks. We assemble tokens from various stages of the vision transformer into image-like representations at various resolutions and progressively combine them into full-resolution predictions using a convolutional decoder. The transformer backbone processes representations at a constant and relatively high resolution and has a global receptive field at every stage. These properties allow the dense prediction transformer to provide finer-grained and more globally coherent predictions when compared to fully-convolutional networks. Our experiments show that this architecture yields substantial improvements on dense prediction tasks, especially when a large amount of training data is available. For monocular depth estimation, we observe an improvement of up to 28% in relative performance when compared to a state-of-the-art fully-convolutional network. When applied to semantic segmentation, dense prediction transformers set a new state of the art on ADE20K with 49.02% mIoU. We further show that the architecture can be fine-tuned on smaller datasets such as NYUv2, KITTI, and Pascal Context where it also sets the new state of the art. Our models are available at https://github.com/intel-isl/DPT.
Dynamic Microenvironments: The Fourth Dimension (2012)

The extracellular space, or cell microenvironment, choreographs cell behavior through myriad controlled signals, and aberrant cues can result in dysfunction and disease. For functional studies of human cell biology or expansion and delivery of cells for therapeutic purposes, scientists must decipher this intricate map of microenvironment biology and develop ways to mimic these functions in vitro. In this Perspective, we describe technologies for four-dimensional (4D) biology: cell-laden matrices engineered to recapitulate tissue and organ function in 3D space and over time.
An automatic segmentation algorithm for 3D cell cluster splitting using volumetric confocal images (2011)

With the rapid advance of three-dimensional (3D) confocal imaging technology, more and more 3D cellular images will be available. Segmentation of intact cells is a critical task in automated image analysis and quantification of cellular microscopic images. One of the major complications in the automatic segmentation of cellular images arises due to the fact that cells are often closely clustered. Several algorithms are proposed for segmenting cell clusters but most of them are 2D based. In other words, these algorithms are designed to segment 2D cell clusters from a single image. Given 2D segmentation methods developed, they can certainly be applied to each image slice with the 3D cellular volume to obtain the segmented cell clusters. Apparently, in such case, the 3D depth information with the volumetric images is not really used. Often, 3D reconstruction is conducted after the individualized segmentation to build the 3D cellular models from segmented 2D cellular contours. Such 2D native process is not appropriate as stacking of individually segmented 2D cells or nuclei do not necessarily form the correct and complete 3D cells or nuclei in 3D. This paper proposes a novel and efficient 3D cluster splitting algorithm based on concavity analysis and interslice spatial coherence. We have taken the advantage of using the 3D boundary points detected using higher order statistics as an input contour for performing the 3D cluster splitting algorithm. The idea is to separate the touching or overlapping cells or nuclei in a 3D native way. Experimental results show the efficiency of our algorithm for 3D microscopic cellular images.
Identification and biosynthesis of tropone derivatives and sulfur volatiles produced by bacteria of the marine Roseobacter clade (2009)

Bacteria of the Roseobacter clade are abundant marine bacteria and are important contributors to the global sulfur cycle. The volatiles produced by two of its members, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis and Oceanibulbus indolifex, were analyzed to investigate whether the released compounds are derived from sulfur metabolism, and which biosynthetic pathways are involved in their formation. Both bacteria emitted different sulfides and thioesters, including new natural compounds such as S-methyl phenylethanethioate (16) and butyl methanesulfonate (21). The S-methyl alkanoates were identified by comparison with standards that were synthesized from the respective methyl alkanoates by a new method using an easily prepared aluminium/sulfur reagent. Phaeobacter gallaeciensis is also able to produce tropone (37) in large amounts. Its biosynthesis was investigated by various feeding experiments, showing that 37 is formed via a deviation of the phenylacetate catabolism. The unstable tropone hydrate 42 was identified as an intermediate of the tropone biosynthesis that was also released together with tropolone (38).
Polarimetric BRDF in the Microfacet Model: Theory and Measurements (2000)

Abstract : A key to modeling polarimetric signatures of painted objects is the polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In particular, it is important to correctly capture the out-of-plane behavior of the BRDF. From the theoretical point of view, the BRDF is a complex object - a 4 x 4 matrix of functions, each depending on three angles. Brute force tabulation of such an object is unlikely to ever be a feasible modeling approach. For this reason, model forms of the BRDF, rooted in physics, are very valuable for extending measured data and for use in modeling codes. Only a limited number of such models have been mentioned in the literature. Perhaps the one most relevant to paints, such as CARC (Chemical Agent Resistive Coating) coatings, is the microfacet model. Unpolarized versions of this model have been used in various forms for years. This paper presents a full polarimetric version of this model and discusses its properties. Recently acquired polarimetric data is compared with the model. It is found that the model is successful in capturing qualitative aspects of this data.
Rodent Repellents, Correlation between Chemical Structure and Rodent Repellency of Benzoic Acid Derivatives (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRodent Repellents, Correlation between Chemical Structure and Rodent Repellency of Benzoic Acid DerivativesJ. E. Fearn and J. B. DeWittCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1965, 13, 2, 116–117Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60138a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60138a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The interleukin-6 gene and critical illness: Is inflammatory gene variation the key to personalized medicine in the intensive care unit?* (2008)

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Christie) For information regarding this article, E-mail [email protected]