gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel 80V-class HV-MOS platform technology featuring high-side capable 30V-gate-voltage drift-NMOSFET and a trigger controllable ESD protection BJT (2009)

An 80V-class high voltage (HV) MOS platform integrating two types of 80V-class novel structure devices, a high-side capable 30V-gate-voltage drift-NMOSFET and an ESD protection BJT, is described. The 30V-gate-voltage drift NMOSFET features a stacked source-side structure consisting of LOCOS, an extended source region, and a waved p+ stopper, enabling both off-state and on-state drain breakdown voltage to surpass 80V. Despite its high gate voltage endurance of over 30V, the specific on-resistance (Rsp) reaches as low as 275mohm*mm2. The ESD protection BJT features a buffer base region, enabling the trigger voltage to surpass 100V and the ESD endurance voltage to reach 4kV-HBM. The trigger voltage can be controlled from 78 to 102V by changing the buffer base size. These devices can be integrated with only one additional mask step and do not sacrifice the excellent performance of the other high and low voltage devices.
Sequence Control in Polymer Chemistry through the Passerini Three‐Component Reaction (2013)

A new strategy to achieve sequence control in polymer chemistry based on the iterative application of the versatile Passerini three-component reaction (P-3CR) in combination with efficient thiol-ene addition reactions is introduced. First, stearic acid was used as a starting substrate to build up a sequence-defined tetramer with a molecular weight of 1.6 kDa. Using an acid-functionalized PEG allowed for an easier isolation of the sequence-defined macromolecules by simple precipitation and led to a sequence-defined pentamer in a block-copolymer architecture. Importantly, this new strategy completely avoids protecting group chemistry. By following this strategy, a different side chain can be introduced to the polymer/oligomer backbone in a simple way and at a defined position within the macromolecule.
Relationship Between Growth and Muscle Creatine Levels in Young Rats Fed Supplementary Folacin, B<sub>12</sub> and Methylating Agents With and Without Glycocyamine (1956)

A simple and reliable method of extracting creatine from muscle for analysis as creatinine is described. In the absence of exogenous glycocyamine, growth was accelerated but muscle creatine levels were reduced in rats fed folacin and B 12 , either alone, or with methionine; growth was also accelerated in rats given folacin and B 12 with choline, however, muscle creatine levels in these animals were increased rather than reduced. In the presence of exogenous glycocyamine, growth was depressed but muscle creatine was enhanced or maintained at a high level, respectively, in rats fed folacin and B 12 , or folacin and B 12 with choline; muscle creatine levels were increased without significant growth depression in rats given glycocyamine with folacin, B 12 and methionine.
A 'movable' electrostatic lens (1983)

A novel electrostatic lens system consisting of several short, closely-spaced elements is described. By applying the appropriate voltages to these elements it is possible to simulate a lens having longer elements and a variable position. If such a lens has n independent voltages it can be used to maintain (n-1) properties of an image, or of more than one image, constant while other properties are varied, within the constraints imposed by the Helmholtz-Lagrange relationship. The properties are the position, energy, linear magnification and angular magnification. A movable three-cylinder lens is considered as an example and the necessary data are presented to enable three different pairs of image properties to be kept constant. It is shown that the lens can be operated over wide ranges of the variable image properties.
Multiple sites on IL-8 responsible for binding to <i>alpha</i> and <i>beta</i> IL-8 receptors. (1993)

To define the structural features important for IL-8 binding to its two known receptors, mutants of IL-8 and melanoma growth-stimulating activity (MGSA) and chimerae consisting of segments of these two chemokines were constructed and purified from the pGEX 2T Escherichia coli expression vector. IL-8 alpha and beta receptors were expressed stably and individually in 293 kidney epithelial cells and HL60 human leukemia cells. The Kd for IL-8 itself and copy numbers for both receptors in transfected cells were comparable. Competition binding with 125I-labeled IL-8, however, showed large differences for several of the IL-8 mutants between alpha and beta receptors. The amino-terminal ELR sequence was important for IL-8 binding to the alpha receptor, but not sufficient for high affinity binding. Both rabbit IL-8 and MGSA share the ELR sequence with human IL-8, but compete poorly with it. The carboxyl terminus distal to amino acid 50 does not seem to mediate high affinity binding to the alpha receptor. A rabbit IL-8/human IL-8 chimera that differs in only eight amino acids from the human IL-8 sequence, was 150-fold lower in its affinity for the alpha receptor than human IL-8. In contrast, both the amino and carboxyl termini appear to be important for binding to the beta receptor. If the ELR sequence of IL-8 was substituted with alanines or if the carboxyl terminus distal to C50 was replaced with the MGSA sequence, a reduction occurred in binding competition. If both changes were introduced simultaneously, binding was abolished. Binding of MGSA was completely prevented by replacement of the ELR sequence with alanines. Ca2+ mobilization in HL60 cells transfected with the alpha or beta receptor was used to assess cell stimulation. The various mutant forms of IL-8 induced receptor activity with a pattern of sensitivity parallel to the competition binding affinities, indicating that both receptors are active.
Molecular Basis of Cell Membrane Estrogen Receptor Interaction With Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Endothelial Cells (2003)

We provide novel evidence for an important role of nonnuclear estrogen receptor in rapid, nontranscriptional responses of human endothelial cells to estrogen.
Evaluating the Sensitivity of an Unmanned Thermal Infrared Aerial System to Detect Water Stress in a Cotton Canopy (2007)

Airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imagery is a promising and innovative tool for assessing canopy response to a range of stressors. However, the expense associated with acquiring imagery for agricultural management is often cost-prohibitive. The objective of this study was to evaluate a less expensive system, an unmanned airvehicle (UAV) equipped with a TIR sensor, for detecting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) response to irrigation and crop residue management. The experimental site was located on a 6.1 ha field in the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center located in Belle Mina, Alabama, where landscapes are gently rolling and soils are highly weathered Rhodic Paleudults. Treatments consisted of irrigation (dryland or subsurface drip irrigation) and crop residue cover (no cover or winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). TIR (7 to 14 m) imagery was acquired on 18 July 2006 at an altitude of 90 m and spatial resolution of 0.5 m. Coincident with image acquisition, ground truth data consisting of soil water content (0-25 cm), stomatal conductance, and canopy cover were measured within a 1 m radius of each sample location. All sample locations were georeferenced using a real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS survey unit. Analysis of sample locations acquired in multiple flight lines was used to assess the stability and repeatability of the UAV system during an acquisition. Compared to field measurements of stomatal conductance with CVs ranging from 2% to 75%, variability in TIR emittance (CV < 40%) was within the observed tolerance of ground truth measurements of stomatal conductance. Significant differences in canopy cover and stomatal conductance across irrigation treatments allowed testing of the sensitivity of the UAV system. A negative correlation was observed between TIR emittance and stomatal conductance (r = -0.48) and canopy closure (r = -0.44), indicating increasing canopy stress as stomatal conductance and canopy closure decreased. TIR emittance exhibited greater sensitivity to canopy response compared to ground truth measurements, differentiating between irrigation and crop residue cover treatments. TIR imagery acquired with a low-altitude UAV can be used as a tool to manage within-season canopy stress.
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries: epidemiological findings, neuropathic pain and quality of life in 158 patients (2010)

The objectives of this study were (1) epidemiological analysis of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries; (2) assessment of neuropathic pain and quality of life in patients affected by traumatic neuropathies. All consecutive patients with a diagnosis of traumatic neuropathies from four Italian centres were enrolled. Electromyography confirmed clinical level and site diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury. All patients were evaluated by disability scales, pain screening tools, and quality of life tests. 158 consecutive patients for a total of 211 traumatic neuropathies were analysed. The brachial plexus was a frequent site of traumatic injury (36%) and the radial, ulnar, and peroneal were the most commonly involved nerves with 15% of iatrogenic injuries. Seventy-two percent of the traumatic neuropathies were painful. Pain was present in 66% and neuropathic pain in 50% of all patients. Patients had worse quality of life scores than did the healthy Italian population. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the quality of life and the severity of the pain, particularly neuropathic pain (Short Form-36 [SF-36] p < 0.005; Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] p < 0.0001). Traumatic neuropathies were more frequent in young males after road accidents, mainly in the upper limbs. Severe neuropathic pain and not only disability contributed to worsening the quality of life in patients with traumatic neuropathies.
Preparation of C60 Microcrystals Using High-Temperature and High-Pressure Liquid Crystallization Method (2000)

Abstract Using reprecipitation technique from high temperature and high pressure liquid, C60 microcrystals with size of about 40 nm and narrow size distribution could be fabricated in the dispersion liquid. And it was found that the optical properties of C60 microcrystals were also dependent on crystal size in a similar manner as the other π-conjugated organic microcrystals.
Resveratrol inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and overcomes chemoresistance through down-regulation of STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB–regulated antiapoptotic and cell survival gene products in human multiple myeloma cells (2006)

Whether resveratrol, a component of red grapes, berries, and peanuts, could suppress the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells by interfering with NF-kappaB and STAT3 pathways, was investigated. Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell lines regardless of whether they were sensitive or resistant to the conventional chemotherapy agents. This stilbene also potentiated the apoptotic effects of bortezomib and thalidomide. Resveratrol induced apoptosis as indicated by accumulation of sub-G(1) population, increase in Bax release, and activation of caspase-3. This correlated with down-regulation of various proliferative and antiapoptotic gene products, including cyclin D1, cIAP-2, XIAP, survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bfl-1/A1, and TRAF2. In addition, resveratrol down-regulated the constitutive activation of AKT. These effects of resveratrol are mediated through suppression of constitutively active NF-kappaB through inhibition of IkappaBalpha kinase and the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and of p65. Resveratrol inhibited both the constitutive and the interleukin 6-induced activation of STAT3. When we examined CD138(+) plasma cells from patients with MM, resveratrol inhibited constitutive activation of both NF-kappaB and STAT3, leading to down-regulation of cell proliferation and potentiation of apoptosis induced by bortezomib and thalidomide. These mechanistic findings suggest that resveratrol may have a potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Novel Bidirectional Vector Strategy for Amplification of Therapeutic and Reporter Gene Expression (2004)

Molecular imaging methods have previously been employed to image tissue-specific reporter gene expression by a two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) strategy. We have now developed a new bidirectional vector system, based on the TSTA strategy, that can simultaneously amplify expression for both a target gene and a reporter gene, using a relatively weak promoter. We used the synthetic Renilla luciferase (hrl) and firefly luciferase (fl) reporter genes to validate the system in cell cultures and in living mice. When mammalian cells were transiently cotransfected with the GAL4-responsive bidirectional reporter vector and various doses of the activator plasmid encoding the GAL4-VP16 fusion protein, pSV40-GAL4-VP16, a high correlation (r(2) = 0.95) was observed between the expression levels of both reporter genes. Good correlations (r(2) = 0.82 and 0.66, respectively) were also observed in vivo when the transiently transfected cells were implanted subcutaneously in mice or when the two plasmids were delivered by hydrodynamic injection and imaged. This work establishes a novel bidirectional vector approach utilizing the TSTA strategy for both target and reporter gene amplification. This validated approach should prove useful for the development of novel gene therapy vectors, as well as for transgenic models, allowing noninvasive imaging for indirect monitoring and amplification of target gene expression.
Stimulation of human synovial fibroblast DNA synthesis by recombinant human cytokines. (1988)

The pronounced synovial hyperplasia often found in rheumatoid joints can be explained at least partially, by the interaction of monocyte-macrophage polypeptides (monokines) and lymphocyte polypeptides (lymphokines) with synovial fibroblast-like cells. We now report that purified recombinant human cytokines, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, tumor necrosis factor beta (or lymphotoxin) and, to a variable extent, interferon-gamma, stimulate the DNA synthesis of human synovial fibroblast-like cells cultured in low (i.e., 1%) fetal bovine serum. With the exception of interferon-gamma, the effects of the cytokines were generally elevated by indomethacin, suggesting inhibition of the DNA synthesis by an endogenously produced cyclooxygenase product(s). Consistent with this suggestion, exogenous prostaglandin E2 suppressed cytokine induced DNA synthesis. All of the cytokines studied might play a role in the synovial hyperplasia present in rheumatoid disease.
Differential regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 endocytosis (1998)

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are major co-receptors/receptors for the CD4-dependent and CD4-independent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. The chemokines that bind and activate these receptors can inhibit the entry of viruses that use the respective co-receptor molecules. Chemokine-induced co-receptor internalisation is a significant component of the mechanism through which chemokines inhibit virus entry. CXCR4 internalisation is induced by the CXCR4 ligand stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), phorbol esters and, in T cells, cellular activation. Here we show that CXCR4 endocytosis can be mediated through either one of two distinct internalisation signals. A COOH-terminal serine rich domain is required for ligand- but not phorbol ester- induced CXCR4 internalisation. However, a Ser/IleLeu motif, similar to that required for the endocytosis of CD4 and the T cell receptor/CD3 complex, is required for phorbol ester-induced, but not ligand-induced, CXCR4 endocytosis. By contrast, CCR5 internalisation is induced by the beta-chemokine RANTES but not by phorbol esters. CCR5 lacks the Ser/IleLeu sequence required for phorbol ester-induced uptake of CXCR4. Together these results indicate that distinct mechanisms can regulate CXCR4 and CCR5 endocytosis and trafficking.
The regulation of trophoblast differentiation by oxygen in the first trimester of pregnancy (2005)

In the first trimester of human pregnancy villous cytotrophoblasts are able to differentiate to form either the overlying syncytiotrophoblast layer or, in anchoring villi, extravillous trophoblasts which grow out from the villi and invade into the maternal decidua, acting to both physically attach the placenta to the decidua, and modify the maternal spiral arteries to sustain pregnancy. During the first 10-12 weeks of gestation, extravillous trophoblast plugs block the spiral arteries and prevent maternal blood flow entering the intervillous space, thereby creating an environment of physiological hypoxia in which placental and fetal development occur. As extravillous trophoblasts migrate away from the villus they differentiate from a proliferative to an invasive phenotype. The hypoxic environment of the first trimester is believed to play an important role in the regulation of trophoblast differentiation. However, there is currently a large body of conflicting experimental evidence concerning this topic. This review examines the experimental evidence to date on the role of oxygen in trophoblast differentiation.
A hardware implementation of gridless routing based on content addressable memory (1990)

A new gridless router accelerated by Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is presented. A gridless version of the line-expansion algorithm is implemented, which always finds a path if one exists. The router runs in linear time by means of the CAM-based accelerator. Experimental results show that the more obstacles there are in the routing region, the more effective the CAM-based approach is.
Efficient low-intensity optical phase conjugation based on coherent population trapping in sodium (1995)

We have observed optical phase-conjugate gain (>50) in sodium vapor, using low-intensity pump lasers (1 W/cm2), with a response time of the order of 1 μs. Coherent population trapping is experimentally identified as the phase-conjugate mechanism. A theoretical model is presented that supports these observations by showing that coherent population trapping can write large-amplitude nonlinear-optical gratings at laser intensities well below those needed to saturate the optical transitions.
The structure of plasma‐polymerized toluene: A solid‐state <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR study of isotopically labeled polymers (1983)

Abstract A detailed magic angle spinning 13 C‐NMR investigation of the intractable polymer prepared by plasma polymerization of toluene and isotopically labeled toluene led to a proposed model for the structure of the polymer and suggested some of the likely processes that occur in the gas phase leading to film formation. From the 13 C spectra four resolved resonances permitted the determination of the contribution of nonprotonated and protonated unsaturated as well as methyl and other aliphatic carbons to the polymer structure. Specific 13 C isotopic labeling of the methyl and phenyl C‐1 toluene carbons in the injected liquid vapor allowed the destination of these carbons in the deposited polymer to be traced. The dominant structure is derived primarily from two precursors: benzyl radical and toluene itself. The 13 C data further requires a net saturation of ca. 30% of the toluene double bonds and a net displacement of hydrogen by carbon on ca. 20% of the toluene ring carbons.
Evolution of gene expression patterns in a model of branching morphogenesis (1999)

Branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud in response to unknown signals from the metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to the urinary collecting system and, via inductive signals from the ureteric bud, to recruitment of nephrons from undifferentiated mesenchyme. An established cell culture model for this process employs cells of ureteric bud origin (UB) cultured in extracellular matrix and stimulated with conditioned media (BSN-CM) from a metanephric mesenchymal cell line (H. Sakurai, E. J. Barros, T. Tsukamoto, J. Barasch, and S. K. Nigam. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 6279-6284, 1997.). In the presence of BSN-CM, the UB cells form branching tubular structures reminiscent of the branching ureteric bud. The pattern of gene regulation in this model of branching morphogenesis of the kidney collecting system was investigated using high-density cDNA arrays. Software and analytical methods were developed for the quantification and clustering of genes. With the use of a computational method termed "vector analysis," genes were clustered according to the direction and magnitude of differential expression in n-dimensional log-space. Changes in gene expression in response to the BSN-CM consisted primarily of differential expression of transcription factors with previously described roles in morphogenesis, downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes accompanied by upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes, and upregulation of a small group of secreted products including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteinases. Changes in expression are discussed in the context of a general model for epithelial branching morphogenesis. In addition, the cDNA arrays were used to survey expression of epithelial markers and secreted factors in UB and BSN cells, confirming the largely epithelial character of the former and largely mesenchymal character of the later. Specific morphologies (cellular processes, branching multicellular cords, etc.) were shown to correlate with the expression of different, but overlapping, genomic subsets, suggesting differences in morphogenetic mechanisms at these various steps in the evolution of branching tubules.
Rapid flow cytometric studies of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1989)

The interactions between a strain of Borrelia burgdorferi and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied by flow cytometry in the presence of specific or non-specific opsonizing factors. The capacity of the borrelias to stimulate leukocyte metabolism was also investigated. The results indicated that a low phagocytosis by isolated purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes did occur in the presence or absence of specific antibodies. Within whole blood the percentages of phagocytosting leukocytes increased in the presence of non-specific opsonizing factors. No stimulation of the oxidative metabolism stimulated by Borrelia was observed and PMA or zymosan stimulation of leukocytes was inhibited by the spirochaetes.
Studies of privileged sites and organ transplantation. (1994)

Extensive research has been carried out in the last years to try to prevent graft rejection by minimizing the side effects related to the use of immunosuppressants. Ideally, one would hope to achieve a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in order to promote a condition of true tolerance without the need of immunosuppressants. Recent evidence has been provided that this is a pursuing goal, at least in experimental animals, and even in humans increasing data are available that tolerance is achieved in some patients years after transplantation. The interest in donor-specific transplant tolerance has been renewed by the recent observations that in the rat the thymus is an immunologically privileged site into which isolated pancreatic islets can be engrafted and survive indefinitely. Moreover, intrathymic injection induced donor-specific unresponsiveness, which allowed survival of a second donor-strain islet cell allograft transplanted into an extrathymic site. Findings on cellular allograft have been extended to vascularized organ allografts. Recent experiments documented that in the rat intrathymic injection of donor cells allows subsequent renal graft to survive indefinitely. Unresponsiveness to rat kidney graft is donor but not tissue specific and evidence is presented here that the thymus has a central role in such a phenomenon. Hopefully, these studies will open new perspectives in transplantation promoting indefinite graft survival without the complications of long-term immunosuppressants.