gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Increases Bone Mass around the Prostheses of OVX Rats by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress via the SIRT3/SOD2 Signaling Pathway (2019)

Bone mass loss around prostheses is a major cause of implant failure, especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. In osteoporosis, excess oxidative stress largely contributed abnormal bone remodeling. Melatonin, which is synthesized from the pineal gland, promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and has effectively been used to combat oxidative stress. Thus, we determined if melatonin can inhibit oxidative stress to promote osteogenesis and improve bone mass around prostheses in osteoporosis. In this study, we observed that received melatonin at 50 mg/kg body weight significantly increased periprosthetic bone mass as well as implant fixation intensity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Meanwhile, it decreased the expression of oxidative stress markers (NAPDH oxidase 2 and cytochrome c) and enhanced expressing level of the formation markers of bones (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osterix) around prostheses compared to that in the control group. Additionally, melatonin decreased hydrogen peroxide- (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-) induced oxidative stress and restored the osteogenesis potential of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistically, melatonin clearly increased mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression and decreased the ratio of acetylated superoxide dismutase 2 (AC-SOD2)/SOD2 compared to the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> group. SIRT3 inhibition counteracted the protective effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and bone formation. Together, the results showed that melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress in mitochondrial via the SIRT3/SOD2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting osteogenesis, improving bone mass around the prostheses, and increasing initial stability. Thus, melatonin might be a suitable candidate to decrease the rate of implant failure and lengthen the lifespan of prostheses after total joint arthroplasty.
Recharacterization of the RGC-5 Retinal Ganglion Cell Line (2009)

Investigators using cells designated as RGC-5 should confirm the species to be of rat origin and retinal-specific marker expression before considering their use as retinal ganglion-like cells.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Abstract Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths and fifth most common cancer in the world. Globally, estimated 877 000 people develop liver cancer and an almost equal number die of it in 2007. The worldwide prevalence, unique geographic distribution and well‐established aetiologic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have provided a strong impetus for elucidating mechanisms underlying the development of this aggressive malignancy. A better understanding of the specific molecular features of hepatocarcinogenesis has revealed clues for novel preventative and therapeutic strategies. Of particular note, the recent extraordinary progress in the genetic and genomic understanding of this disease may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of HCC progression and this knowledge may offer great opportunities for improving the treatment and prevention of HCC. Key Concepts: HBV, HCV, alcohol, aflatoxin, diabetes and obesity constitute the main risk factors for HCC. Prediction of prognosis and response to therapy, screening of high‐risk cases and science‐based therapy are the challenging tasks to improve clinical medicine. HCC is a highly heterogeneous disease, which exists between primary tumours from different individuals as well as within a single carcinoma, where subpopulation can range from primitive, stem‐like cells to foci of well‐differentiated malignant epithelium. Both genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to HCC, the understanding of mechanisms behind those changes may lead to personalised HCC medicine.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry - Basic Elements and Applications (2002)

Although first basic research on ion formation in air has been known since the eighties of the past century [1-3], with fundamental papers on ion mobility in electrical fields published already around 1905 by Langevin [4], ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is considered to be one of the relatively new analytical methods. Almost 100 years have passed from the origins to their successful analytical applications which, along with the first commercialized instruments [5-7], were mainly attributed to the extensive work of F.W. Karasek [8-34]. Major steps of development, of course, have not been taken into consideration by this judgement. This includes the follow-up (continuing) work of Hasse on ion mobility [35,36] as well as basic research on ionmolecule reactions [37-40] or experiments with drift tubes which were published in the sixties [41-43]. The principle ion mobility spectrometry is based on is very simple. Ions formed at normal pressure migrate in an electrical field against the direction of a carrier gas, i. e. air in the easiest case. Ion acceleration, along with permanent collisions between ions and gas molecules, leads to an average ion velocity over a certain path length. Ions of different mass and/or structure reach different velocities and, thus, get separated (Equ. 1). The quotient of ion velocity and electrical field strength is referred to as ion mobility. Under identical conditions the ion mobility constant K0, which is corrected regarding pressure (P0 = 101,325 kPa) and temperature (T0 = 273 K), is a substance-specific value. P1 and T1 are the corresponding values for pressure and temperature measured in the drift tube.
SP1 (2007)

Ada 2005 is the latest chapter in the Ada story. Ada 95 was a huge leap forward from Ada 83. However, experience showed that Ada 95 has a number of gaps. Ada 2005 is not such a giant leap forward but aims rather to round off Ada 95 and so provide the community with a really smooth programming language suited for the demanding applications of the 21st century. John will explain the specific goals of the development and introduce the key new features of Ada 2005. The most obvious new features are in the OO model with the introduction of interfaces and in the real-time area with more control over timing and scheduling plus much more in the predefined library. But there are other improvements as well in areas such as visibility control, exceptions and generics. And of course also downward closures so that Ada is at last as good as Algol 60 in that area.
Prognostic significance of tissue DF3 antigen and CA15-3 tumor marker in primary breast cancer. (2000)

The specific monoclonal antibody, DF3, for breast cancer and the corresponding tumor marker CA15-3 were evaluated in 108 patients with primary cancer of the breast. These antigens correlated poorly with the known prognostic parameters. Elevated CA15-3 serum values were associated with the cytoplasmic distribution of the DF3 antigen in the cell. The DF3 distribution pattern and the CA15-3 serum values had prognostic significance for disease-free interval.
Contents (2019)

Coalmining was a notoriously dangerous industry and many of its workers experienced injury and disease. However, the experiences of the many disabled people within Britain's most dangerous industry have gone largely unrecognised by historians. This book examines the British coal industry through the lens of disability, using an interdisciplinary approach to examine the lives of disabled miners and their families.The book considers the coal industry at a time when it was one of Britain's most important industries, and follows it through a period of growth up to the First World War, through strikes, depression and wartime, and into an era of decline. During this time, the statutory provision for disabled people changed considerably, most notably with the first programme of state compensation for workplace injury. And yet disabled people remained a constant presence in the industry as many disabled miners continued their jobs or took up 'light work'. The burgeoning coalfields literature used images of disability on a frequent basis and disabled characters were used to represent the human toll of the industry.A diverse range of sources are used to examine the economic, social, political and cultural impact of disability in the coal industry, looking beyond formal coal company and union records to include autobiographies, novels and oral testimony. It argues that, far from being excluded entirely from British industry, disability and disabled people were central to its development. The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability history, disability studies, social and cultural history, and representations of disability in literature.
A Fission Yeast Homolog of CDC20/p55<sup><i>CDC</i></sup>/Fizzy Is Required for Recovery from DNA Damage and Genetically Interacts with p34<sup><i>cdc2</i></sup> (1997)

Successful recovery from DNA damage requires coordination of several biological processes. Eukaryotic cell cycle progression is delayed when the cells encounter DNA-damaging agents. This cell cycle delay allows the cells to cope with DNA damage by utilizing DNA repair enzymes. Thus, at least two processes, induction of the cell cycle delay and repair of damaged DNA, are coordinately required for recovery. In this study, a fission yeast rad mutant (slp1-362) was genetically investigated. In response to radiation, slp1 stops cell division; however, it does not restart it. This defect is suppressed when slp1-362 is combined with wee1-50 or cdc2-3w; in these mutants, the onset of mitosis is advanced due to the premature activation of p34cdc2. In contrast, slp1 is synthetically lethal with cdc25, nim1/cdr1, or cdr2, all of which are unable to activate the p34cdc2 kinase correctly. These genetic interactions of slp1 with cdc2 and its modulators imply that slp1 is not defective in either "induction of cell cycle delay" or "DNA repair." slp1+ may be involved in a critical process which restarts cell cycle progression after the completion of DNA repair. Molecular cloning of slp1+ revealed that slp1+ encodes a putative 488-amino-acid polypeptide exhibiting significant homology to WD-domain proteins, namely, CDC20 (budding yeast), p55CDC (human), and Fizzy (fly). A possible role of slp1+ is proposed.
Detecting Human-to-Human Transmission of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) (2007)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) subtype H5N1 has caused family case clusters, mostly in Southeast Asia, that could be due to human-to-human transmission. Should this virus, or another zoonotic influenza virus, gain the ability of sustained human-to-human transmission, an influenza pandemic could result. We used statistical methods to test whether observed clusters of HPAI (H5N1) illnesses in families in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, and eastern Turkey were due to human-to-human transmission. Given that human-to-human transmission occurs, we estimate the infection secondary attack rates (SARs) and the local basic reproductive number, R0. We find statistical evidence of human-to-human transmission (p = 0.009) in Sumatra but not in Turkey (p = 0.114). For Sumatra, the estimated household SAR was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15%–51%). The estimated lower limit on the local R0 was 1.14 (95% CI 0.61–2.14). Effective HPAI (H5N1) surveillance, containment response, and field evaluation are essential to monitor and contain potential pandemic strains.
Clinical Experience with Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Sheet Used as an Artificial Dura Mater (1993)

Dural repair using chemically treated cadaveric dura mater often results in atrophic and fragile change of the substitute as well as adhesion between the dura mater and brain surface at reoperation. Creutz-feldt-Jakob disease has occurred after repair using cadaveric dura mater. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) surgical sheet was used for dural repair in 34 patients. Suturing of EPTFE was easy and the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the epidural space was the same as when cadaveric dura mater was used. Six patients underwent reoperation, 1-15 months after the first operation. At reoperation the EPTFE sheet showed no change except for becoming transparent, and the strength was well preserved. A very thin layer of granulation tissue was formed between the EPTFE sheet and brain surface, but the EPTFE sheet was easily detached from the brain surface without adhesion even 15 months after the first operation. Our results suggest that the EPTFE sheet can be used safely and effectively as an artificial dura mater.
Performance Evaluation of the Data Transfer Modes in Bluetooth 5 (2017)

The Bluetooth 5 specification, which introduces new core features such as advertising extensions, additional physical layer transmission modes, and an enhanced frequency hopping scheme, was released in December 2016. As a first step to a complete technology evaluation for Bluetooth 5, this manuscript assesses the performance of the advertising extension feature, compared to the connection-oriented and advertising data transfer approaches available in previous Bluetooth releases. Service ratio, communication delays, and battery lifetime of a network of Bluetooth devices are evaluated by means of computer simulations, considering a home automation use case with a realistic deployment and varying traffic loads. The results show that advertising extension guarantees good performance in terms of all considered indicators, although it suffers from higher losses compared to connections for low traffic loads, and longer delays compared to legacy advertising. Such tradeoffs can be exploited for standardization of future Bluetooth specifications.
Risk of morbidity in contemporary celiac disease (2010)

Celiac disease is one of the most common chronic diseases encountered in the Western world with a serological prevalence of approximately 1%. Since it is so common, much comorbidity will occur either as associations or simply by chance, or as complications of the disorder. Many of the published studies purporting to establish the frequency of these occurrences have been limited by factors such as the source and number of patients considered, choice of control groups and ascertainment bias. Recent epidemiological studies have attempted to minimize these sources of error and provide more reliable information. Autoimmune diseases constitute clinically important associations, of which Type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are the most important. Several liver disorders, including primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are also associated. The frequency of malignant complications of celiac disease is much lower than earlier studies have indicated, with lymphoma increased by approximately fivefold and the absolute number of tumors is small. The increase in fracture risk in celiac disease is only modest. Although neurological and psychiatric conditions affect celiac patients, no disorder specifically associated with celiac disease has been identified. Reproductive problems have been overexaggerated. It is important that these co-morbidities are recognized because if not, symptoms will be falsely attributed to deliberate or inadvertent ingestion of gluten, rather than prompt a search for a second diagnosis. Furthermore, in a patient with an established diagnosis that is considered falsely to account for the whole clinical picture, celiac disease is likely to remain undetected.
Self-driving car ISEAUTO for research and education (2018)

The paper introduces a research and educational project targeted to self-driving cars and urban mobility issues. The project focuses on design and development of the self-driving car in cooperation with a partner company, university researchers, and students. Research and implementation results of simulations, software development and mechanical design are presented, and a potential smart city use case discussed.
Compacting regression-suites on-the-fly (2002)

Testing is one of the biggest problems of the software industry. Coverage is the main technique for showing that the testing has been thorough. Coverage can be used to find a good regression suite, i.e. a set of tests that is run on the application after sofware or data changes in order to check that no new bugs were introduced. This paper is about the experience gained in IBM Haifa Research Lab (HRL) in creating regression suites and minimizing their size, while maintaining high quality as measured in coverage. The problem we solve, while similar to the one addressed in the literature, has a key difference; the compaction algorithm is implemented online due to the large number of tests processed. We compare strategies for implementing online set-cover. The trade-offs are between the solution quality (as expressed by the size of the cover), the size of the intermediate sets and the computational resources. We show that it is possible to start discarding tests very early without getting a significantly larger final set.
Synthesis of (Glu34)human splenin(hSP) and examination of its immunological effect on the reduced B-lymphocytes of uremic patients. (1989)

[Glu34]human splenin (hSP) was synthesized in a conventional manner by assembling ten peptide fragments followed by deprotection with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole (molar ratio, 1:1) in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of m-cresol and dimethylselenide. Finally, the deprotected peptide was incubated with dithiothreitol to reduce sulfoxide on the methionine side chain. Incubation of peripheral lymphocytes isolated from uremic patients with the synthetic [Glu34]hSP showed an enhancing effect on the reduced B-lymphocytes, but synthetic human thymopoietin (hTP) had no effect under the same conditions.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Aged Cats (2016)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common metabolic disease of domesticated cats, with most affected cats being geriatric (>12 years of age). The prevalence of CKD in cats exceeds that observed in dogs, and the frequency of the diagnosis of CKD in cats has increased in recent decades. Typical histologic features include interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, and fibrosis with secondary glomerulosclerosis. In contrast to people and dogs, primary glomerulopathies with marked proteinuria are remarkably rare findings in cats. Although a variety of primary renal diseases have been implicated, the disease is idiopathic in most cats. Tubulointerstitial changes, including fibrosis, are present in the early stages of feline CKD and become more severe in advanced disease. A variety of factors-including aging, ischemia, comorbid conditions, phosphorus overload, and routine vaccinations-have been implicated as factors that could contribute to the initiation of this disease in affected cats. Factors that are related to progression of established CKD, which occurs in some but not all cats, include dietary phosphorus intake, magnitude of proteinuria, and anemia. Renal fibrosis, a common histologic feature of aged feline kidneys, interferes with the normal relationship between peritubular capillaries and renal tubules. Experimentally, renal ischemia results in morphologic changes similar to those observed in spontaneous CKD. Renal hypoxia, perhaps episodic, may play a role in the initiation and progression of this disease.
Fabrication and performance of efficient blue light emitting III-nitride photonic crystals (2004)

We have fabricated and characterized a light emitting photonic crystal slab in the blue near 460nm, based on InGaN quantum well active material. A multilayer nanopattern transfer technique was developed to fabricate these optical structures. The dependence of the photoluminescence enhancement on specific pattern dimension, coupled with distinct polarization characteristics of emission, was found to be in good agreement with theoretical simulations, thereby supporting the existence of photonic crystal band gap. The results suggest that practical fabrication of photonic crystal slabtype light emitting diodes for enhanced external quantum efficiency in the blue and ultraviolet is feasible.
Blockchain-based secure distributed control for software defined optical networking (2019)

Software defined optical networking (SDON) is a critical technology for the next generation network with the advantages of programmable control and etc. As one of the key issues of SDON, the security of control plane has also received extensive attention, especially in certain network scenarios with high security requirement. Due to the existence of vulnerabilities and heavy overhead, the existing firewalls and distributed control technologies cannot solve the control plane security problem well. In this paper, we propose a distributed control architecture for SDON using the blockchain technique (BlockCtrl). The proposed BlockCtrl model introduces the advantages of blockchain into SDON to achieve a high-efficiency fault tolerant control. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it to the existing models with respect to various metrics including processing rate, recovery latency and etc. The numerical results show that the BlockCtrl is capable of attacks detection and fault tolerant control in SDON with high performance on resource utilization and service correlation.
The human neutrophil lipocalin supports the allosteric activation of matrix metalloproteinases (2001)

The human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), a member of the large family of lipocalins that exhibit various physiological functions, is coexpressed in granulocytes with progelatinase B (MMP-9). Part of it is covalently bound to the proenzyme and therefore may play a possible role in the activation process of promatrix metalloproteinases. We now report that HNL is able to accelerate the direct activation of promatrix metalloproteinases slightly. A significant enhancement of the activity could be demonstrated for the HgCl2- and the plasma kallikrein-induced activation of all three secretory forms of proMMP-9 and of proMMP-8. The same activating effects were exerted by HNL isolated from granulocytes as well as by the recombinant forms expressed by the yeast Pichia pastoris or by Escherichia coli. This demonstrates that the carbohydrate moiety is not essential for the biological activity of HNL. Activation and activity enhancement are obviously mediated by entrapping the remaining N-terminal sequence residues of the partially truncated proenzyme into the hydrophobic binding pocket of the HNL. In conclusion these results document that HNL can exert an enzyme-activating effect in the regulation of inflammatory and pathophysiological responses of granulocytes in the physiological activation of MMPs that have been subject to limited proteolytic processing.
Optimal Fast Hashing (2009)

This paper is about designing optimal high-throughput hashing schemes that minimize the total number of memory accesses needed to build and access an hash table. Recent schemes often promote the use of multiple-choice hashing. However, such a choice also implies a significant increase in the number of memory accesses to the hash table, which translates into higher power consumption and lower throughput. In this paper, we propose to only use choice when needed. Given some target hash table overflow rate, we provide a lower bound on the total number of needed memory accesses. Then, we design and analyze schemes that provably achieve this lower bound over a large range of target overflow values. Further, for the multilevel hash table scheme, we prove that the optimum occurs when its sub table sizes decrease in a geometric way, thus formally confirming a heuristic rule-of-thumb.