gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion Mobility Measurements of Nondenatured 12–150 kDa Proteins and Protein Multimers by Tandem Differential Mobility Analysis–Mass Spectrometry (DMA-MS) (2011)

The mobilities of electrosprayed proteins and protein multimers with molecular weights ranging from 12.4 kDa (cytochrome C monomers) to 154 kDa (nonspecific concanavalin A hexamers) were measured in dry air by a planar differential mobility analyzer (DMA) coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The DMA determines true mobility at atmospheric pressure, without perturbing ion structure from that delivered by the electrospray. A nondenaturing aqueous 20 mM triethylammonium formate buffer yields compact ions with low charge states, moderating polarization effects on ion mobility. Conversion of mobilities into cross-sections involves a reduction factor ξ for the actual mobility relative to that associated with elastic specular collisions with smooth surfaces. ξ is known to be 1.36 in air from Millikan's oil drop experiments. A similar enhancement effect ascribed to atomic-scale surface roughness has been found in numerical simulations. Adopting Millikan's value ξ=1.36 and assuming a spherical geometry yields a gas-phase protein density ρ(p)=0.949±0.053 g cm(-3) for all our protein data. This is substantially higher than the 0.67 g cm(-3) found in recent low-resolution DMA measurements of singly charged proteins. DMA-MS can distinguish nonspecific protein aggregates formed during the electrospray process from those formed preferentially in solution. The observed charge versus diameter relation is compatible with a protein charge reduction mechanism based on the evaporation of triethylammonium ions from electrosprayed drops.
New blood‐compatible polymers for artificial heart applications (1971)

Abstract Flexible and rigid epoxy and urethane polymers containing heparin chemically and uniformly incorporated throughout and/or ionically complexed to quaternized amine grops were prepared and shown to have excellent thromboresistance in vitro and in vivo. These heparin‐modified polymers were implanted into the vena cava of dogs and successfully passed multiple acute (2 hr) and chronic (2 week) exposure periods. It was also demonstrated that the chemically coupled heparinized epoxies had no measurable adverse effects on blood cells, platelets, or plasma proteins, and that the heparin was not extractable. Significantly, epoxies containing polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene glycol (an additive which had no thrombus‐inhibiting properties of its own) also exhibited excellent thromboresistance when characterized in vivo in dogs. The applicability of these various materials for the fabrication of circulatory assist device components was demonstrated. The effect of polymer polarity, surface charge, and conductivity were investigated with indeterminate results and unmodified commercial polymers uniformly exhibited poor clotting characteristics. In vitro clot‐inhibiting characteristics were shown to be a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for indicating in vivo thromboresistant activity in polymer systems.
Subsecond dopamine fluctuations in human striatum encode superposed error signals about actual and counterfactual reward (2015)

In the mammalian brain, dopamine is a critical neuromodulator whose actions underlie learning, decision-making, and behavioral control. Degeneration of dopamine neurons causes Parkinson's disease, whereas dysregulation of dopamine signaling is believed to contribute to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, addiction, and depression. Experiments in animal models suggest the hypothesis that dopamine release in human striatum encodes reward prediction errors (RPEs) (the difference between actual and expected outcomes) during ongoing decision-making. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging experiments in humans support the idea that RPEs are tracked in the striatum; however, BOLD measurements cannot be used to infer the action of any one specific neurotransmitter. We monitored dopamine levels with subsecond temporal resolution in humans (n = 17) with Parkinson's disease while they executed a sequential decision-making task. Participants placed bets and experienced monetary gains or losses. Dopamine fluctuations in the striatum fail to encode RPEs, as anticipated by a large body of work in model organisms. Instead, subsecond dopamine fluctuations encode an integration of RPEs with counterfactual prediction errors, the latter defined by how much better or worse the experienced outcome could have been. How dopamine fluctuations combine the actual and counterfactual is unknown. One possibility is that this process is the normal behavior of reward processing dopamine neurons, which previously had not been tested by experiments in animal models. Alternatively, this superposition of error terms may result from an additional yet-to-be-identified subclass of dopamine neurons.
Optimization of the treatment with immunosuppressants and biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (2014)

Many placebo controlled trials and meta-analyses evaluated the efficacy of different drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including immunosuppressants and biologics. Their use is indicated in moderate to severe disease in non responders to corticosteroids and in steroid-dependent patients, as induction and maintainance treatment. Infliximab, as well as cyclosporine, is considered a second line therapy in the case of severe ulcerative colitis, or non-responders to intravenous corticosteroids. An adequate dosage and duration of therapy with thiopurines should be reached before evaluating their efficacy. Methotrexate is a valid option in patients with Crohn's disease but its use is confined to patients who are intolerant or non-responders to thiopurines. Evidence for the use of methotrexate in ulcerative colitis is insufficient. The use of thalidomide and mycophenolate mofetil is not recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, these treatments could be considered in case of failure of all other therapeutic options. In patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis, refractory to thiopurines, the use of tacrolimus is considered an alternative to biologics. An increase of the dose or a decrease in the interval of administration of biological treatment could be useful in the presence of an incomplete clinical response. In the case of primary failure of an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha a switch to another one should be considered. Data on the efficacy of combination therapy are up to now insufficient to consider this strategy in all IBD patients. The final outcome of the treatment should be considered the clinical remission, with mucosa healing, and not the clinical response. The evaluation of serum concentration of thiopurine methyl transferase activity, thiopurine metabolites, biologic serum levels and antibiologic antibodies could be useful for the management of the treatment but it has not been routinely applied in clinical practice. The evidence of high risk development of lymphoma and cutaneous malignancies should be considered in patients treated with immunosuppressants and biologics for a long period.
Pseudo vector processor for high-speed list vector computation with hiding memory access latency (2002)

We present two scalar processors called PVP-SWPC and PVP-SWSW for high-speed list vector processing. Memory access latency should be tolerated for this objective. PVP-SWPC tolerates the latency by introducing slide-windowed floating-point registers and prefetch-to-cache instruction. PVP-SWSW tolerates the latency by introducing slide-windowed general and floating-point registers. Owing to the slide-window structure, both processors can utilize more registers in keeping upward compatibility with existing scalar architecture. The evaluation shows that these processors successfully hide memory latency and realize fast list vector processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methyl and ethyl soybean esters as renewable fuels for diesel engines (1984)

Abstract The primary problems associated with using straight soybean oil as a fuel in a compression ignition internal combustion engine are caused by high fuel viscosity. Transesterification of soybean oil with an alcohol provides a significant reduction in viscosity, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the renewable fuel to improve engine performance. The ethyl and methyl esters of soybean oil with commercial diesel fuel additives revealed fuel properties that compared very well with diesel fuel, with the exception of gum formation, which manifested itself in problems with the plugging of fuel filters. Engine performance using soybean ester fuels differed little from engine performance with diesel fuel. A slight power loss combined with an increase in fuel consumption were experienced with the esters, primarily because of the lower heating value of the esters than for diesel fuel. Emissions for the 2 fuels were similar, with nitrous oxide emissions higher for the esters. Measurements of engine wear and fuel‐injection system tests showed no abnormal characteristics for any of the fuels after the 200‐hr tests. Engine deposits were comparable in amount, but slightly different in color and texture, with the methyl ester engine experiencing greater carbon and varnish deposits on the pistons.
The geometry of 2-block partial least squares regression (1992)

In this paper, we outline a geometric interpretation of both univariate and multivariate partial least squares regression (PLS) that illustrates very clearly the mathematical description of the PLS algorithms. In addition, we show how the concept of continuum regression arises quite naturally out of a geometric interpretation of ordinary least squares, principal component regression, and PLS. We also derive a simple expression that relates the first PLS dimension to the correlational- and eigen-structure of the data and suggest a property of PLS subspaces as a whole, one that is defined with respect to the corresponding subspace in principal component regression.
Review of Survival Curves for Colorectal Cancer (2004)

The five-year survival calculations for this group of patients with colorectal cancer varied by as much as 30 percent depending on how the data was censored. This highlights that there needs to be a clear and accountable definition on how survival curves are calculated and presented in the literature to allow for meaningful interpretation and comparisons.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINIA VIRUS IN EARLE'S L STRAIN CELLS AS EXAMINED BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (1961)

A favorable system which is amenable to frequent and reproducible sampling, consisting of suspension cultures of strain L cells and vaccinia virus, was employed to study the animal virus-mammalian host cell relationship. The three principal aspects investigated concerned the adsorption and penetration of vaccinia into the host, the relationship between the sequence of virus development and the production of infectious particles, and the changes in the fine structure of the host cells. Experiments in which a very high multiplicity of infection was used revealed that vaccinia is phagocytized by L cells in less than 1 hour after being added to the culture, without any apparent loss of its outer limiting membranes. Regions of dense fibrous material, thought to be foci of presumptive virus multiplication, appear in the cytoplasm 2 hours after infection. A correlation between electron microscope studies and formation of infectious particles shows that although immature forms of the virus appear 4 hours after infection, infectious particles are produced 6 hours after infection of the culture, at the time when mature forms of vaccinia appear for the first time in thinly sectioned cells. Spread of the infection is gradual until eventually, after 24 hours, virus is being elaborated throughout the cytoplasm. Addition of vaccinia to monolayer cultures induced fusion of L cells and rapid formation of multinucleate giant forms. In both suspension and stationary cultures infected cells elaborate a variety of membranous structures not present in normal L cells. These take the form of tube-like lamellar and vesicular formations, or appear as complex reticular networks or as multi-laminar membranes within degenerating mitochondria.
Biflavonoids of Selaginella denticulata Growing in Spain (1994)

From Selaginella denticulata the following seven biflavones were isolated: amentoflavone, 7,4′,7″,4‴-tetra- O-methylamentoflavone, cryptomerin B, hinokiflavone, isocryptomerin, sotetsuflavone (7-O-methylamentoflavone) and robustaflavone
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: design, applications, and prospects (2022)

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are crystalline porous polymers which are formed by the interaction of hydrogen bonding among building blocks. Unique advantages of HOFs, enabling new platforms for exploring multifunctional applications.
Application of image pattern correlation for non-intrusive deformation measurements of fast rotating objects on aircrafts (2009)

The Image Pattern Correlation Technique (IPCT) in combination with high-speed stroboscopic imaging enables nonintrusive measurements of surface deformation of fast vibrating or rotating objects. This paper describes a dedicated instrumentation for the measurement of the deformation of aircraft propellers as well as the results of its application. The further ideas of imaging technologies based on the collected experiences, in particular the high-power pulsed object illumination based on semiconductor light sources are also presented.
DEEP DESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUELS BY A NOVEL INTEGRATED APPROACH (2002)

In order to reduce the sulfur level in liquid hydrocarbon fuels for environmental protection and fuel cell applications, deep desulfurization of a model diesel fuel and a real diesel fuel was conducted by our SARS (selective adsorption for removing sulfur) process using the adsorbent A-2. Effect of temperature on the desulfurization process was examined. Adsorption desulfurization at ambient temperature, 24 h{sup -1} of LHSV over A-2 is efficient to remove dibenzothiophene (DBT) in the model diesel fuel, but difficult to remove 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4-MDBT) and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Adsorption desulfurization at 150 C over A-2 can efficiently remove DBT, 4-MDBT and 4,6-DMDBT in the model diesel fuel. The sulfur content in the model diesel fuel can be reduced to less than 1 ppmw at 150 C without using hydrogen gas. The adsorption capacity corresponding to the break-through point is 6.9 milligram of sulfur per gram of A-2 (mg-S/g-A-2), and the saturate capacity is 13.7 mg-S/g-A-2. Adsorption desulfurization of a commercial diesel fuel with a total sulfur level of 47 ppmw was also performed at ambient temperature and 24 h{sup -1} of LHSV over the adsorbent A-2. The results show that only part of the sulfur compounds existing in the low sulfur diesel can be removed by adsorption over A-2 at such operating conditions, because (1) the all sulfur compounds in the low sulfur diesel are the refractory sulfur compounds that have one or two alkyl groups at the 4- and/or 6-positions of DBT, which inhibit the approach of the sulfur atom to the adsorption site; (2) some compounds coexisting in the commercial low sulfur diesel probably inhibit the interaction between the sulfur compounds and the adsorbent. Further work in determining the optimum operating conditions and screening better adsorbent is desired.
Evolución de la Productividad Laboral (2014)

Analiza los cambios dados en la productividad laboral en el país entre 2001 y 2012, y señala los factores que podrían estimular su crecimiento.
Citrulline and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of multiple joints along with multiple organ involvement. The etiology of RA is still unknown. Various autoantigens have been proposed as targets of pathogenic T and B cells in RA, although none of their precise mechanisms or significance has been confirmed. Recently, autoantibodies recognizing citrullinated self-proteins (anticitrullinated peptide antibodies) were established as one of the most specific autoantibodies with high sensitivity in RA. In addition, a gene that codes for an enzyme producing citrullinated proteins (peptidylarginine deiminase [PADI] Type 4 gene) was found to be associated with RA. These findings strongly suggest that citrullinated proteins and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies have a pathogenic role in autoimmunity in RA. This article reviews recent findings on citrulline, citrullinated proteins, citrullinating enzyme PADI and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies from biochemical, his...
The Role of User Review on Information System Project Outcomes (2012)

The effect of user participation on system success is one of the most studied topics in information systems, yet still yields inconclusive results. Contingency-based concepts attempt to resolve this issue by providing a plausible explanation which indicates that users can only generate expected results when there is a need for users to participate in the development process. As a different approach, this study adopts a mediating perspective and asserts that influence due to the effectiveness of participation determines the final outcomes. Based on control theory, and viewing user participation in reviews as one kind of control, we propose that the influence users can generate through participation determines project outcomes. Data collected from 151 information systems personnel confirms the relationships and that an ability to achieve quality interactions among developers and users heightens the achievement of user influence.
Finding structural correspondences from bilingual parsed corpus for corpus-based translation (2000)

In this paper, we describe a system and methods for finding structural correspondences from the paired dependency structures of a source sentence and its translation in a target language. The system we have developed finds word correspondences first, then finds phrasal correspondences based on word correspondences. We have also developed a GUI system with which a user can check and correct the correspondences retrieved by the system. These structural correspondences will be used as raw translation patterns in a corpus-based translation system.
Solution photolysis of camphor (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution photolysis of camphorWilliam C. Agosta and David K. HerronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 25, 7025–7030Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01027a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01027a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the Protective Efficacy of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG Vaccination against Tuberculosis by Boosting with the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Major Secretory Protein (2005)

Tuberculosis continues to ravage humanity, killing 2 million people yearly. Most cases occur in areas of the world to which the disease is endemic, where almost everyone is vaccinated early in life with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the currently available vaccine against tuberculosis. Thus, while more-potent vaccines are needed to replace BCG, new vaccines are also needed to boost the immune protection of the 4 billion people already vaccinated with BCG. Until now, no booster vaccine has been shown capable of significantly enhancing the level of protective immunity induced by BCG in the stringent guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis, the "gold standard" for testing tuberculosis vaccines. In this paper, we describe a booster vaccine for BCG comprising the purified recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-kDa protein, the major secreted protein of this pathogen. In the guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis, boosting BCG-immunized animals once with the 30-kDa protein greatly increased cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to the protein in three consecutive experiments. Most importantly, boosting BCG-immunized animals once with the 30-kDa protein significantly enhanced protective immunity against aerosol challenge with highly virulent M. tuberculosis, as evidenced by a significantly reduced lung and spleen burden of M. tuberculosis compared with those for nonboosted BCG-immunized animals (mean additional reduction in CFU of 0.4 +/- 0.1 log in the lung [P = 0.03] and 0.6 +/- 0.1 log in the spleen [P = 0.002]). This study suggests that administering BCG-immunized people a booster vaccine comprising the 30-kDa protein may enhance their level of immunoprotection against tuberculosis.
Odinite, a new dioctahedral-trioctahedral Fe<sup>3+</sup>-rich 1:1 clay mineral (1988)

Abstract Odinite is a Fe 3+ -rich green clay that is widespread in the form of infillings or replacements of microtests, bioclasts, faecal pellets, or mineral debris on shallow marine shelfs and reef lagoonal areas in tropical latitudes. The structure is based on a 1 : 1 serpentine-type layer that is intermediate between dioctahedral and trioctahedral. Octahedral cation totals range from 2·30 to 2·54 cations per 3·0 sites for 10 samples. The structural formula for the purest sample is Both monoclinic and trigonal polytypes are present in most samples, with 1 M more abundant than 1 T . Unit-cell dimensions are 1 M : a = 5·373(3), b = 9·326(7), c = 7·363(6) Å, β = 104·0(1)°; 1 T : a = 5·366(5), b = 9·334(9), c = 7·161(8), β = 90° (on orthohexagonal axes). The name is for Dr. Gilles Serge Odin, Département de Géologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, who has done most of the pioneering work on this new mineral.