gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical detection of multibit logic signals at internal nodes in a flip-chip mounted silicon static random-access memory integrated circuit (1992)

We report the first optical measurements of multiple bit-pattern logic signals at internal nodes in a flip-chip mounted silicon static random-access memory integrated circuit. This probing system measures signals by interferometrically detecting the electrically induced charge-density modulation within devices and parasitic pn junctions. The optical measurements, made on an output driver circuit, compared well with those on an external high-speed oscilloscope. Measurements made at internal points generally compared well with circuit simulations. However, the bit-sense circuit measurements suggested internal logic-level problems in the circuit design.
The fermentation pathways of Escherichia coli (1989)

Under anaerobic conditions and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors Escherichia coli converts sugars to a mixture of products by fermentation. The major soluble products are acetate, ethanol, acetate and formate with smaller amounts of succinate. In addition the gaseous products hydrogen and carbon dioxide are produced in substantial amounts. The pathway generating fermentation products is branched and the flow down each branch is varied in response both to the pH of the culture medium and the nature of the fermentation substrate. In particular, the ratio of the various fermentation products is manipulated in order to balance the number of reducing equivalents generated during glycolytic breakdown of the substrate. The enzymes and corresponding genes involved in these fermentation pathways are described. The regulatory responses of these genes and enzymes are known but the details of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still obscure.
Combined lossless current sensing for current mode control (2004)

In this paper, we provide basic time domain analysis of the combined lossless current sensing scheme. When applied to current mode control, it is noted that the selection of the RC current sensing components is not limited by the matching condition. For reliable steady state operation, the choice of the RC components may be accommodated for better SNR of the current sense signal and current limit requirement. Design equations are developed based on the time domain analysis. Other variations of the lossless current sensing schemes are also presented.
Multi-domain adaptation for sentiment classification: Using multiple classifier combining methods (2008)

Sentiment classification is very domain-specific and good domain adaptation methods, when the training and testing data are drawn from different domains, are sorely needed. In this paper, we address a new approach to domain adaptation for sentiment classification in which classifiers are adapted for a specific domain with training data from multiple source domains. We call this new approach dasiamulti-domain adaptationpsila and present a multiple classifier system (MCS) framework to describe and understand it. Under this framework, we propose a new combining method, called Multi-label Consensus Training (MCT), to combine the base classifiers for selecting dasiaautomatically-labeledpsila samples from unlabeled data in the target domain. The experimental results for sentiment classification show that multi-domain adaptation using this method improves adaptation performance.
A 54&#x2013;862 MHz CMOS direct conversion transceiver for IEEE 802.22 cognitive radio applications (2009)

A CMOS single-chip transceiver IC is developed for IEEE 802.22 cognitive radio applications. Over the 54 to 862 MHz ultra wideband, the in-band harmonic distortions of the transmitter and the unwanted harmonic mixing of the receiver are effectively suppressed by exploiting the dual-path direct-conversion architecture. A seamless coverage of the full band is achieved by employing a fractional-N PLL with a single LC VCO and a multi-modulus LO generator. Implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS, the receiver achieves 110 dB gain dynamic range, < 8.5 dB noise figure, and > -11 dBm IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> at the LNA bypass mode. The transmitter delivers -3 dBm output power with OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> and OIP3 greater than +6.4 dBm and +15.9 dBm, respectively. On-chip calibration circuits suppress the image and carrier leakage components below -41 dBc across the total band.
Expeditious Synthesis of Vialinin B, an Extremely Potent Inhibitor of TNF-α Production (2009)

A first total synthesis of vialinin B, a powerful inhibitor (IC(50) 20 pM) of TNF-alpha production, is described. The key reactions include a double Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of electron-rich aryl bromide with a couple of phenylboronic acids, a Cu-mediated Ullmann reaction, and a LHMDS-promoted phenylacetylation. This synthesis proceeded in 11 steps with 18% overall yield from a known sesamol derivative.
Heterogeneous network facility for distance education for parents and rehabilitation professionals in the field of intellectual disability (2013)

Shortage of adequately trained faculty members for special education is a major bottleneck in India, in providing the optimum level of training to the intellectually challenged children[1]. We have developed and implemented a facility, covering 100 schools for the intellectually challenged children, spread across the four southern states of India, to provide continuing education for their teaching faculty. These schools can participate in live interactive virtual classrooms handled by the experts in the field of disability. A heterogeneous network using terrestrial VPN, Satellite, internet and WIMAX connectivity has been set up connecting the schools and four teaching stations, one each in the four states. The training sessions are recorded and made available as streaming video through a web portal called Svadhyaya. A mobile recording studio facility connected through WIMAX enables online and offline transmission of programs from remote locations. The facility has been found to be highly successful in providing continued development practice by enriching the knowledge, skills and resources of the professionals in the field of intellectual disability.
The Efficacy of Mechanical Vibration Analgesia for Relief of Heel Stick Pain in Neonates (2010)

The apparent limitations of mechanical vibration as analgesia may be due to the concurrent use of sucrose and pacifier, the effects of order (ie, habituation), or type II error. Because vibration produced the predicted positive effect in some circumstances, further investigation in larger samples within a randomized clinical trial is warranted.
AI <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Coatings as Diffusion Barriers Deposited from Particulate‐Containing Sol‐Gel Solutions (1995)

A procedure for the formation of A1 2 O 3 coatings as diffusion barriers between ductile reinforcements (e.g., Nb and Ta) and intermetallic matrices (e.g., MoSi 2 and NiAl) is described. The coating technique involved sol‐gel processing of alumina ‐forming sols with the addition of submicrometer‐sized A1 2 O 3 particles. Cracking in the coatings, a typical shortcoming of alumina sol‐gel coating, was overcome by the addition of the fine particles into the sols. The surface charge of the A1 2 O 3 particles was adjusted to be the same as the AIO(OH) colloids in the sols and electrophoresis was used to codeposit A1 2 O 3 and AIO(OH) onto the surfaces of the reinforcements. The alumina gel derived from the sols acted as binder for the alumina particles, while the particles reduced the shrinkage of the sol‐gel coatings and promoted the formation of dense coatings. The thickness of the coatings could be easily controlled without cracking and the effectiveness of the coatings as diffusion barriers was improved substantially.
Surface Modification of Nanoporous 1,2-Polybutadiene by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization or Click Chemistry (2009)

Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry were used to obtain functional nanoporous polymers based on nanoporous 1,2-polybutadiene (PB) with gyroid morphology. The ATRP monolith initiator was prepared by immobilizing bromoester initiators onto the pore walls through two different methodologies: (1) three-step chemical conversion of double bonds of PB into bromoisobutyrate, and (2) photochemical functionalization of PB with bromoisobutyrate groups. Azide functional groups were attached onto the pore walls before click reaction with alkynated MPEG. Following ATRP-grafting of hydrophilic polyacrylates and click of MPEG, the originally hydrophobic samples transformed into hydrophilic nanoporous materials. The successful modification was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and measurements of spontaneous water uptake, while the morphology was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
RC-in RC-out model order reduction accurate up to second order moments (2002)

In this paper, we present a RC-in RC-out model order reduction method which takes RC circuits and accurate reduced models which can be realized using passive RC elements. The reduced models are accurate up to 2nd order moment and hence are more accurate than the first order moment matching based algorithm. The runtime and reduction ratios of our method are not dependent on the number of ports, which can be very large for tightly coupled interconnects. Extensive SPICE simulations show the average accuracy of our algorithm is 5/spl times/ better than first order moment based algorithms. It also significantly improves the reduction ratio by 50% comparing the first order moment based algorithm for the same accuracy.
Determining the worst-case reaction time of IEC 61499 function blocks (2010)

The IEC 61499 is an international standard for describing industrial process-control systems. Such systems typically consist of embedded computers that interact closely with physical processes within a feedback loop. In order to correctly control these physical processes, computations in response to inputs need to be done in a timely manner. A program's worst-case reaction time (WCRT) to inputs is usually used to ensure that timing constraints are met. Unfortunately, the standard has no provisions for specifying real-time constraints. Moreover, typical implementations of IEC 61499 are tightly coupled to their runtime environments-each with possibly different semantics and temporal properties-which makes it difficult to automate the estimation of their WCRTs. We propose to adopt a synchronous model for IEC 61499 programs. This allows the programs to be executed without the need of a run-time environment. Consequently, we are able to use a novel model-checking technique to estimate the WCRT of IEC 61499 programs. Experimental results on a suite of programs show that this approach provides conservative estimates that are, on average, less than 10 percent off from the actual WCRT.
Natural History of Community‐Acquired Methicillin‐Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Colonization and Infection in Soldiers (2004)

CA-MRSA colonization with PVL-positive strains was associated with a significant risk of soft-tissue infection, suggesting that CA-MRSA may be more virulent than MSSA. Previous antibiotic use may play a role in CA-MRSA colonization.
Catalytic Decomposition of N2O over Rhodium-Loaded Metal Oxides (1995)

Abstract The catalytic decomposition of dinitrogen oxide to nitrogen and oxygen was studied over various rhodium-loaded metal oxides. Rh/ZnO was found to have the highest activity. The effects of metal loading and calcination conditions upon the catalytic performance were also examined. An air-pretreated 0.5 wt% Rh/ZnO was found to be the most active catalyst with a reaction rate of 4.0 × 104 μmol (N2O) · g−1 · h−1 under conditions of 950 ppm of N2O and 5% of O2 at 300 °C.
A portable user-level approach for system-wide integrity protection (2013)

In this paper, we develop an approach for protecting system integrity from untrusted code that may harbor sophisticated malware. We develop a novel dual-sandboxing architecture to confine not only untrusted, but also benign processes. Our sandboxes place only a few restrictions, thereby permitting most applications to function normally. Our implementation is performed entirely at the user-level, requiring no changes to the kernel. This enabled us to port the system easily from Linux to BSD. Our experimental results show that our approach preserves the usability of applications, while offering strong protection and good performance. Moreover, policy development is almost entirely automated, sparing users and administrators this cumbersome and difficult task.
Transmission electron microscopic and small angle X-ray diffraction investigations of Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 microcrystals† (1999)

Micrometer sized crystals of close packed Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 clusters are formed from dichloromethane solution and are investigated by transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray diffraction.
Roles of zinc(II) ion in phosphatases. A model study with zinc(II)-macrocyclic polyamine complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoles of zinc(II) ion in phosphatases. A model study with zinc(II)-macrocyclic polyamine complexesTohru Koike and Eiichi KimuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 23, 8935–8941Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00023a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00023a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1075Altmetric-Citations275LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accurate product lifetime predictions based on device-level measurements (2009)

Product level lifetime margins, determined by HCI and BTI, are shrinking with scaling. We developed highly accurate device-level HCI degradation models that, together with known BTI models, are able to accurately predict frequency degradation of a ring oscillator. We show that despite substantial relief from HCI damage in balanced switching circuits, HCI degradation still accounts for 40-50% of frequency degradation for a 10-year product life.
Targeting of extracellular proteases required for the progression of pancreatic cancer (2008)

Of the proteases expressed in PDA, many appear to have overlapping functions, based on the substrates they process, making therapeutics complicated. Two protease families most likely to have unique, critical functions during tumor progression, and therefore strong potential as therapeutic targets, are the a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) and the cathepsins.
Internal Conductance to CO2 Diffusion and C18OO Discrimination in C3 Leaves (2000)

(18)O discrimination in CO(2) stems from the oxygen exchange between (18)O-enriched water and CO(2) in the chloroplast, a process catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). A proportion of this (18)O-labeled CO(2) escapes back to the atmosphere, resulting in an effective discrimination against C(18)OO during photosynthesis (Delta(18)O). By constraining the delta(18)O of chloroplast water (delta(e)) by analysis of transpired water and the extent of CO(2)-H(2)O isotopic equilibrium (theta(eq)) by measurements of CA activity (theta(eq) = 0.75-1.0 for tobacco, soybean, and oak), we could apply measured Delta(18)O in a leaf cuvette attached to a mass spectrometer to derive the CO(2) concentration at the physical limit of CA activity, i.e. the chloroplast surface (c(cs)). From the CO(2) drawdown sequence between stomatal cavities from gas exchange (c(i)), from Delta(18)O (c(cs)), and at Rubisco sites from Delta(13)C (c(c)), the internal CO(2) conductance (g(i)) was partitioned into cell wall (g(w)) and chloroplast (g(ch)) components. The results indicated that g(ch) is variable (0.42-1.13 mol m(-2) s(-1)) and proportional to CA activity. We suggest that the influence of CA activity on the CO(2) assimilation rate should be important mainly in plants with low internal conductances.
Analyzing Website privacy requirements using a privacy goal taxonomy (2003)

Privacy has recently become a prominent issue in the context of electronic commerce websites. Increasingly, Privacy policies posted on such websites are receiving considerable attention from the government and consumers. We have used goal-mining, to extract pre-requirements goals from post-requirements text artifacts, as a technique for analyzing privacy policies. The identified goals are useful for analyzing implicit internal conflicts within privacy policies and conflicts with the corresponding websites and their manner of operation. These goals can be used to reconstruct the implicit requirements met by the privacy policies. This paper interrelates privacy policy and requirements for websites; it introduces a privacy goal taxonomy and reports the analysis of 23 Internet privacy policies for companies in three health care industries: pharmaceutical, health insurance and online drugstores. The evaluated taxonomy provides a valuable framework for requirements engineering practitioners, policy makers and regulatory bodies, and also benefits website users.
1/f Noise Sources in Dual-Gated Indium Arsenide Nanowire Transistors (2012)

1/f noise is studied in dual-gated InAs nanowire transistors consisting of an omega top gate with high-atomic layer deposited dielectric and silicon dioxide to substrate back gate. Noise spectra at varying gate bias combinations are compared from devices with differing top-gate lengths to separate the noise contributions of the top-gated channel from the ungated access portion, including the metal-nanowire contacts. For a given device geometry, it is possible to bias the device into four different regimes where the resistance and the noise amplitude can each be independently dominated by either the channel or the access/contact regions. When the device is fully in the on state, the access/contact regions dominate both resistance and noise. When the device is operating near or below threshold, the channel dominates resistance and noise. For the lowest amount of overall 1/f noise, most of the nanowire should be covered by the top gate, minimizing the access region length.
A Comparison Between Mechano-Electrochemical and Biphasic Swelling Theories for Soft Hydrated Tissues (2005)

Biological tissues like intervertebral discs and articular cartilage primarily consist of interstitial fluid, collagen fibrils and negatively charged proteoglycans. Due to the fixed charges of the proteoglycans, the total ion concentration inside the tissue is higher than in the surrounding synovial fluid (cation concentration is higher and the anion concentration is lower). This excess of ion particles leads to an osmotic pressure difference, which causes swelling of the tissue. In the last decade several mechano-electrochemical models, which include this mechanism, have been developed. As these models are complex and computationally expensive, it is only possible to analyze geometrically relatively small problems. Furthermore, there is still no commercial finite element tool that includes such a mechano-electrochemical theory. Lanir (Biorheology, 24, pp. 173-187, 1987) hypothesized that electrolyte flux in articular cartilage can be neglected in mechanical studies. Lanir's hypothesis implies that the swelling behavior of cartilage is only determined by deformation of the solid and by fluid flow. Hence, the response could be described by adding a deformation-dependent pressure term to the standard biphasic equations. Based on this theory we developed a biphasic swelling model. The goal of the study was to test Lanir's hypothesis for a range of material properties. We compared the deformation behavior predicted by the biphasic swelling model and a full mechano-electrochemical model for confined compression and 1D swelling. It was shown that, depending on the material properties, the biphasic swelling model behaves largely the same as the mechano-electrochemical model, with regard to stresses and strains in the tissue following either mechanical or chemical perturbations. Hence, the biphasic swelling model could be an alternative for the more complex mechano-electrochemical model, in those cases where the ion flux itself is not the subject of the study. We propose thumbrules to estimate the correlation between the two models for specific problems.
Echo‐volume imaging (1994)

Two single-shot volume imaging techniques are described. The first, single-echo echo-volume imaging, is essentially the echo-volume imaging (EVI) sequence suggested by Mansfield (J. Phys. C. 10, L55 (1977)). The second is a multi-spin-echo approach in which one plane of k-space is collected during each spin echo. In both techniques, phase encoding gradients are applied in the z direction, and three-dimensional k-space is filled by a raster pattern in Cartesian coordinates. Spatial saturation is used to avoid aliasing in the y direction, and a selctive pulse is applied to excite the desired slab of tissue and eliminate aliasing in z. The average echo-times, measured from the center of the 90 degrees pulse to the center of the acquisition k-space (kx = ky = kz = 0), were 45 and 104 ms for single echo and multi-echo methods, respectively. Images of the human brain using both sequences are shown.