gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel nanofibers crosslinked with 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (2013)

Abstract ABSTRACT: Electrospun nanofibrous hydrogel membranes have been gaining significant importance due to the combination of unique physical properties of nanofibers and biocompatibility of hydrogels. Thus, they are considered as potential candidates for medical textile applications. This study deals with electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel nanofibrous membranes. The chemical crosslinking of PVA with proportionate quantities of 1,2,3,4 butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was undertaken to form hydrogel structures. Cross‐linked membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FT‐IR and thermogravimetric analysis, water swelling, and durability tests. FT‐IR analysis demonstrated the formation of ester linkages between PVA and BTCA and thermogravimetric analysis showed that crosslinking improved the thermal stability of the nanofibrous structure. Furthermore, the results indicated that crosslinking with BTCA improved water stability of PVA membranes and the nanofibrous structure was preserved after water treatment. It is envisaged that use of BTCA as a cross‐linker to form hydrogel nanofibers could be a practical and a promising method for medical textile applications, especially for wound dressings given its nontoxicity and immiscibility with polymer solutions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Towards environmental monitoring with the Autosub autonomous underwater vehicle (2002)

In this paper we describe some of the desirable characteristics of an autonomous underwater vehicle capable of undertaking environmental surveys in the ocean. Several of these characteristics are incorporated in the 7 m long Autosub-1 vehicle which has completed over 120 missions to date in UK and US waters. We review some of the key technological innovations used within Autosub-1 and describe some results from a 110 km survey off the coast of Florida in December 1997. While the survey demonstrated many of the advantages of using an AUV for environmental monitoring the paper concludes with a discussion of technical and procedural areas that still require attention before the use of AUVs can be considered routine.
Using virtualization to improve durability and portability of industrial applications (2008)

Virtualization is used increasingly in data centers to achieve server consolidation. More and more products (commercial and open source) are available; virtualization is even natively included in Linux distributions like in the upcoming Microsoft Windows server. In this paper we present the virtualization tests carried out by EDIT R&D since 2005 to improve the durability of industrial applications running on obsolete hardware platforms. The applications based on the Intelpsilas x86 architecture, and requiring no specific hardware, can be easily virtualized. Thus their lifetime can be extended as long as the virtualization software is adapted to the new hardware of the servers. For applications requiring specific hardware, virtualization is not easy. In this paper we present how to implement the support of a new peripheral, using the open source virtualization software QEMU. We also discuss how the IOs of the drivers are forwarded from the emulated hardware to another hardware that has the same features.
Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy (2020)

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge worldwide, whose implications for global health might be devastating if novel antibacterial strategies are not quickly developed. As natural predators of bacteria, (bacterio)phages may play an essential role in escaping such a dreadful future. The rising problem of antibiotic resistance has revived the interest in phage therapy and important developments have been achieved over the last years. But where do we stand today and what can we expect from phage therapy in the future? This is the question we set to answer in this review. Here, we scour the outcomes of human phage therapy clinical trials and case reports, and address the major barriers that stand in the way of using phages in clinical settings. We particularly address the potential of phage resistance to hinder phage therapy and discuss future avenues to explore the full capacity of phage therapy.
Gold-Based Nanoparticles and Thin Films : Applications to Green Nanotechnology (2012)

The use of gold-based nanoparticles and thin films is very promising when it comes to improving several green nanotechnologies. Therefore, in order to further their use in applications such as electrochromic devices, photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes and photocatalysis, the aim of this work was to study the growth of gold-based nanoparticles and thin films. All depositions were made using DC magnetron sputtering, and optical, structural, electrochemical, electrical and photocatalytic studies of the films and particles were performed. The various applications yield a variety of substrate properties, and how these substrate properties affect gold coalescence was studied by depositing gold on glass slides and on SnO2:In, ITO and TiO2 base layers. Temperature also affects the gold coalescence. Therefore, gold was deposited on heated and non-heated substrates, where the latter were also post-heated, with a temperature range between 25ºC and 140ºC in both cases. Various temperatures were also used for manufacturing gold nanoparticles, and their effect as photocatalytic improvers was tested on WO3 films. The optical properties of Au films on glass were determined by ellipsometry in the 0.25 – 2 µm range, and then a spectral density analysis was performed of the effective dielectric permittivity. This work showed that thin gold films are excellent replacements for oxide-based transparent conductors in electrochromic devices. It was also shown that thin homogeneous gold films were better conductors when they were deposited on glass, compared to when they were deposited on oxide base layers, regardless of the optical, electrical and structural properties, or the doping concentration of the base layers. The results also showed that thin gold films were durable at 76ºC, and hence hold for a typical window temperature of ~70ºC. For higher temperatures, gold deposition on heated and non-heated substrates resulted in a distinct difference in growth, and there was also a distinct difference between post-heated gold films produced at 25ºC, compared to when the films were deposited on heated substrates. In the latter case, an island structure was obtained at 140ºC. Spectral density analysis gave spectral densities of similar shape for nanoparticles and continuous gold films, which is useful information for further investigations.
The Shannon sampling theorem—Its various extensions and applications: A tutorial review (1977)

It has been almost thirty years since Shannon introduced the sampling theorem to communications theory. In this review paper we will attempt to present the various contributions made for the sampling theorems with the necessary mathematical details to make it self-contained. We will begin by a clear statement of Shannon's sampling theorem followed by its applied interpretation for time-invariant systems. Then we will review its origin as Whittaker's interpolation series. The extensions will include sampling for functions of more than one variable, random processes, nonuniform sampling, nonband-limited functions, implicit sampling, generalized functions (distributions), sampling with the function and its derivatives as suggested by Shannon in his original paper, and sampling for general integral transforms. Also the conditions on the functions to be sampled will be summarized. The error analysis of the various sampling expansions, including specific error bounds for the truncation, aliasing, jitter and parts of various other errors will be discussed and summarized. This paper will be concluded by searching the different recent applications of the sampling theorems in other fields, besides communications theory. These include optics, crystallography, time-varying systems, boundary value problems, spline approximation, special functions, and the Fourier and other discrete transforms.
Sampling Severe Local Storms and Related Phenomena: Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2012)

Understanding and predicting the dynamic behavior of our planet's environment over multiple spatial and temporal scales remains an outstanding scientific challenge [1], [2]. More than 50 years of investment and advancements in remote weather-sensing systems (satellite-based as well as ground-based radar) have resulted in remarkable capabilities; however, these systems cannot deliver observations to meet current requirements for timeliness, positional precision, and the acquisition of data that can only be obtained in situ. Highly mobile observations systems are needed to deliver in situ data that are critical for the verification and validation of current models and simulations. This is the challenge in engineering the tools of scientific discovery, one of the 14 Engineering Grand Challenges of the 21st Century posed by the National Academy of Engineering [2]. This article addresses specific challenges in designing and deploying unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) for sampling severe local storms.
Photoreactions of tetrafluorodiphosphine with nonsubstituted olefins and perfluoroolefins (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreactions of tetrafluorodiphosphine with nonsubstituted olefins and perfluoroolefinsJoseph G. Morse and Karen W. MorseCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 3, 565–569Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50145a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (731 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Results of classroom enterprise security assessment of five large enterprise networks (2003)

The paper addresses a full network security assessment of the working network of five enterprises. Our activities were evaluative assessments that were performed with no actual touches of the network itself. We start the paper with the handling of the issues of assessment confidential and methodology. In additional to requesting background information, we requested each enterprise answer 16 questions. As the assessments continued, additional questions were handled case by case until complete packages were formed. The paper captures summary findings that involve IP address and authentication, Intrusion Detection Systems, Demilitarized Zones, Wireless Network, Virtual Private Networks and most glaring Security Policy problems.
Nuclear Fusion‐Independent Smooth Muscle Differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Induced by a Smooth Muscle Environment (2011)

Human adipose-derived stem cells hASC have been isolated and were shown to have multilineage differentiation capacity. Although both plasticity and cell fusion have been suggested as mechanisms for cell differentiation in vivo, the effect of the local in vivo environment on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells has not been evaluated. We previously reported the in vitro capacity of smooth muscle differentiation of these cells. In this study, we evaluate the effect of an in vivo smooth muscle environment in the differentiation of hASC. We studied this by two experimental designs: (a) in vivo evaluation of smooth muscle differentiation of hASC injected into a smooth muscle environment and (b) in vitro evaluation of smooth muscle differentiation capacity of hASC exposed to bladder smooth muscle cells. Our results indicate a time-dependent differentiation of hASC into mature smooth muscle cells when these cells are injected into the smooth musculature of the urinary bladder. Similar findings were seen when the cells were cocultured in vitro with primary bladder smooth muscle cells. Chromosomal analysis demonstrated that microenvironment cues rather than nuclear fusion are responsible for this differentiation. We conclude that cell plasticity is present in hASCs, and their differentiation is accomplished in the absence of nuclear fusion.
A genetic analysis of the 63E-64A genomic region of Drosophila melanogaster: identification of mutations in a replication factor C subunit. (1995)

We have performed an F2 genetic screen to identify lethal mutations within the 63E-64A genomic region. We have isolated 122 mutations in 20 different complementation groups. Of these groups, 16 are represented by multiple alleles. We have also established that the Rop and Ras2 genes are located within the 63E-64A genomic domain at 64A10,11. We have sequenced 10.2 kb of DNA surrounding this gene pair and find that in addition to Rop and Ras2 there is another gene located within this DNA sequence. The gene product, which we have named Rfc40, shows 68% identity to the 40-kDa subunit of replication factor C. We find that the members of one complementation group (13 alleles) derived from our screen correspond to mutations in the Rop gene, whereas the members of another (five alleles) correspond to mutations in the Rfc40 gene. In addition we have isolated 11 new mutant alleles of the disembodied gene.
Improved ELISA for Selective Measurement of Adiponectin Multimers and Identification of Adiponectin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (2007)

The modified ELISA system measures the 3 multimers separately and is sufficiently sensitive to measure adiponectin in CSF.
Quaternion-MUSIC for vector-sensor array processing (2006)

This paper considers the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters estimation in the case of multiple polarized sources impinging on a vector-sensor array. The quaternion model is used, and a data covariance model is proposed using quaternion formalism. A comparison between long vector orthogonality and quaternion vector orthogonality is also performed, and its implications for signal subspace estimation are discussed. Consequently, a MUSIC-like algorithm is presented, allowing estimation of wave's DOAs and polarization parameters. The algorithm is tested in numerical simulations, and performance analysis is conducted. When compared with other MUSIC-like algorithms for vector-sensor array, the newly proposed algorithm results in a reduction by half of memory requirements for representation of data covariance model and reduces the computational effort, for equivalent performance. This paper also illustrates a compact and elegant way of dealing with multicomponent complex-valued data.
Hepatitis B virus infection: Precore mutants and its relation to viral genotypes and core mutations (1995)

The precore-core gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was directly sequenced from serum samples of 42 patients with chronic B hepatitis (19 hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]+ and 23 anti-HBE+). Viral genotypes were determined by comparison with 11 reference sequences and by restriction analysis. Genotype A was identified in 16 cases, genotype D in 24 cases, and other genotypes in 2 cases. Precore mutations, mainly M1 (stop at codon 28), were differently distributed among the viral genotypes: 3 cases (18.8%) with genotype A and 18 cases (75%) with genotype D. In sequences with precore mutants, the encapsidation signal was more stable (negative stabilization energy) than in sequences without precore mutants. In genotype A, the M1 mutation coexisted with a second mutation (C-->T at position 1858 in codon 15), and both mutations were paired in the secondary structure of the RNA encapsidation signal, which justified the rare presence of precore mutants in this genotype. The analysis showed different distribution of mutations depending on the viral genotype; patients with genotype D were more likely to have persistent HBV infection by selection of precore mutants. Multiple amino acid substitutions were detected in the core region, mainly in two subsequences that have been previously described as epitopes (flanked by codons 11 to 27 and 74 to 83); the presence of these mutations was significantly related to the presence of precore variants which abolished the expression of HBeAg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cellular and Molecular Interrelationships Between Ticks and Prokaryotic Tick-Borne Pathogens (1995)

Tick-borne prokaryotic pathogens share a very intimate relationship with the vectors. Ingestion during the bloodmeal places the microbe into the gut lumen whence it must travel to the salivary glands at the right time for transmission during a subsequent feeding. This crucial event requires coordination between pathogen development and arthropod host activities that may be mediated by the expression of genes specific for the vector phase of the pathogen. Invertebrate hormones or factors associated with tick tissues may provide the cues that signal changes in tick physiology that induce necessary steps in the pathogen, such as colonization of ovaries during egg development in preparation for transovarial transmission or dispersion to the salivary glands at the time of a bloodmeal. These hypotheses cannot easily be investigated within the complex environment of the tick, but tick cell culture offers a simplified system with which to examine many of these important interrelationships.
Infectious Clones of Novel Lineage 1 and Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Strains WNV-TX02 and WNV-Madagascar (2012)

We report the generation of West Nile virus (WNV) infectious clones for the pathogenic lineage 1 Texas-HC2002 and nonpathogenic lineage 2 Madagascar-AnMg798 strains. The infectious clones exhibited biological properties similar to those of the parental virus isolates. We generated chimeric viruses and found that viral factors within the structural and nonstructural regions of WNV-TX contribute to the control of type I interferon defenses. These infectious clones provide new reagents to study flavivirus immune regulation and pathogenesis.
Pasture management and parasitism in the lamb crop (1971)

Nematode parasitism is a major problem in the development of intensive grazing systems for fat lamb production, a development which is essential to the progress of the sheep industry. An understanding of the epidemiology of the parasites concerned is the key to the formulation of effective control measures. In this context, the importance of the pasture as the link between parasite and host is receiving increasing recognition; so too is the significance of pasture management.
Enhancement of drug absorption by noncharged detergents through membrane and P-glycoprotein binding (2006)

Noncharged detergents are used as excipients in drug formulations. Until recently, they were considered as inert compounds, enhancing drug absorption essentially by improving drug solubility. However, many detergents insert into lipid membranes, although to different extents, and change the lateral packing density of membranes at high concentrations. Moreover, they bind to the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and most likely to related transporters and metabolising enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities. If their affinity to P-gp is higher than that of the coadministered drug they act as modulators or inhibitors of P-gp and enhance drug absorption. Inhibition of P-gp and related proteins can, however, cause severe side effects. This paper first reviews the membrane binding propensity of different noncharged detergents (including poloxamers) and discusses their ability to bind to P-gp. Second, literature data on drug uptake enhancement by noncharged detergents, obtained in vivo and in vitro, are analysed at the molecular level. The present analysis provides the tools for an approximate and simple prior estimate of the membrane and P-gp binding ability of noncharged detergents based on a modular binding approach.
Proton Availability at the Air/Water Interface (2010)

The acidity of the water surface sensed by a colliding gas is determined in experiments in which the protonation of gaseous trimethylamine (TMA) on aqueous microjets is monitored by online electrospray mass spectrometry as a function of the pH of the bulk liquid (pH_(BLK)). TMAH^+ signal intensities describe a titration curve whose equivalence point at pH_(BLK) 3.8 is dramatically smaller than the acidity constant of trimethylammonium in bulk solution, pK_A(TMAH^+) = 9.8. Notably, the degree of TMA protonation above pH_(BLK) 4 is enhanced hundred-fold by submillimolar LiCl or NaCl and weakly inhibited at larger concentrations. Protonation enhancements are associated with the onset of significant direct kinetic solvent hydrogen isotope effects. Since TMA(g) can be protonated by H_2O itself only upon extensive solvent participation, we infer that H3O^+ emerges at the surface of neat water below pH_(BLK) 4.
Sequential Thiol Click Reactions: Formation of Ternary Thiourethane/Thiol–Ene Networks with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties (2014)

We report the physical properties of thiol-ene networks modified with thiourethane or urethane linkages, either along the main chain or as a branched component in the network, respectively. Because of the robust and orthogonal nature of thiol-isocyanate and thiol-ene reactions, these networks can be formed in a two-step, one-pot synthesis. Resultant networks were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, mechanical testing and other complementary techniques. It was found that incorporating (thio)urethanes into the networks increased Tg, but also increased strain at break and toughness while decreasing cross-link density. The changes in physical properties are discussed in terms of a proposed dual network morphology. These facile modifications to thiol-ene networks demonstrate how molecular-level, nanoscale changes can have a profound influence on the macroscale properties through hierarchical development of network morphology.