gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complications of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke: Prevention and management (2017)

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion has evolved significantly with the publication of multiple positive thrombectomy trials. MT is now a recommended treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Mechanical thrombectomy is associated with a number of intra-procedural or post-operative complications, which need to be minimized and effectively managed to maximize the benefits of thrombectomy. Procedural complications include: access-site problems (vessel/nerve injury, access-site hematoma and groin infection); device-related complications (vasospasm, arterial perforation and dissection, device detachment/misplacement); symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; embolization to new or target vessel territory. Other complications include: anesthetic/contrast-related, post-operative hemorrhage, extra-cranial hemorrhage and pseudoaneurysm. Some complications are life-threatening and many lead to increased length of stay in intensive care and stroke units. Complications increase costs and delay the commencement of rehabilitation. Some may be preventable; the impact of others can be minimized with early detection and appropriate management. Both neurointerventionists and stroke specialists need to be aware of the risk factors, strategies for prevention, and management of these complications. With the increasing use of mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, incidence and outcome of complications will need to be carefully monitored by stroke teams. In this narrative review, we examine the frequency of complications of MT in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with an emphasis on periprocedural complications. Overall, from recent randomized controlled trials, the risk of complications with sequelae for patient from mechanical thrombectomy is ∼15%. We discuss the management of complications and identify areas with limited evidence, which need further research. Search strategy and selection criteria Relevant evidence was found by searches of Medline and Cochrane Library, reference list, cross-referencing and main journal content pages. Search terms included "brain ischemia", "acute ischemic stroke", "cerebral infarction" AND "mechanical thrombectomy", "endovascular therapy", "endovascular treatment", "endovascular embolectomy", "intra-arterial" AND "randomized controlled trial", "non-randomised trials", "observational studies" AND "complications", "procedural complications", "peri-procedural complications", "device-related complications", "management", "treatment", "outcome". The search included only human studies, and was limited to studies published in English between January 2014 and November 2016. The final reference list was selected on the basis of relevance to the topics covered in the Review. Guidelines for management of acute ischaemic stroke by the American Heart Association, the European Stroke Organisation, multi-disciplinary guidelines and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) were also reviewed.
Business @ the Speed of Thought (1999)

Bill Gates’ first book, “The Road Ahead”, focused on the broad impact of technology. His new book, “Business @ the Speed of Thought”, asks what this means for business. How should firms organize themselves differently? In what new ways should information flow? What metrics can managers use to judge how far down the path they are to what he calls the “digital nervous system” approach? In this article, Mr Gates comments on some of the themes of the book, including issues within Microsoft itself.
Plasma modification of PTFE surfaces. Part I: Surfaces immediately following plasma treatment (2001)

Abstract Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was treated in a low‐power plasma using a series of feed gases (O 2 , Ar, N 2 and NH 3 ) and the resulting surface modifications were evaluated by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static secondary ion mass spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. All plasma treatments caused light etching, but the nature and extent of chemical modification varied considerably. Fluorine depletion of the surface was affected most efficiently by Ar and least effectively by O 2 plasma. New functionalities were introduced to the surface either from plasma derivatives of the feed gases or by post‐treatment exposure to moist air; Ar, N 2 and NH 3 were more effective than O 2 in this respect. The wettability of virgin and plasma‐treated materials in phosphate‐buffered saline solution (PBS) and 1‐bromonaphthalene was studied, and the observations are discussed in a framework that correlates contact‐angle hysteresis with surface chemistry in a semi‐quantitative manner. In Part II of this work, further changes of the surface chemistry and wettability of virgin and plasma‐treated materials arising due to storage in PBS or air are described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of the photoluminescence from gallium nitride layers grown by MBE with an additional incident indium flux (1998)

The effect of using an indium flux during the MBE growth of GaN layers was investigated. The properties of these layers were studied using electron probe microanalysis, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence. The optical properties of the GaN layers are shown to improve as compared with undoped GaN layers grown under nominally the same conditions but without an additional indium flux.
Schottky Emission and Conduction in Some Organic Insulating Materials (1966)

Voltage-current curves of such organic insulators as polyethylene-terephthalate and polyvinylformal display the familiar Richardson-Schottky characteristics for fields between 20 and 200 kV/cm and temperatures from 25° to 100°C. Assuming the Schottky emission mechanism being the limiting factor in establishing the steady-state current, comparison between measured values and the Richardson-Schottky equation yields data on the work function of these materials. 0.88 eV was found for polyethylene-terephthalate and 1.24 eV for polyvinylformal. The calculations indicate an increase of the electric field at the injecting electrode over the value which would apply to an ideal, nonconducting insulator. This increase may be caused by space-charge effects.
Cell Wall Thickening Is Not a Universal Accompaniment of the Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility Phenotype in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : Evidence for Multiple Resistance Mechanisms (2010)

The mechanism(s) of daptomycin (DAP) resistance (DAPr) is incompletely defined. Thickened cell walls (CWs) acting as either a mechanical barrier or an affinity trap for DAP have been purported to be a major contributor to the DAPr phenotype. To this end, we studied an isogenic set of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates (pulsotype USA 300) from the bloodstream of a DAP-treated patient with endocarditis in which serial strains exhibited increasing DAPr. Of interest, the DAPr isolate differed from its parental strain in several parameters, including acquisition of a point mutation within the putative synthase domain of the mprF gene in association with enhanced mprF expression, increased synthesis of lysyl-phosphotidylglycerol, an enhanced positive envelope charge, and reduced DAP surface binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed no significant increases in CW thickness in the two DAPr isolates (MRSA 11/21 and REF2145) compared with that in the DAP-susceptible (DAPs) parental strain, MRSA 11/11. The rates of Triton X-100-induced autolysis were also identical for the strain set. Furthermore, among six additional clinically isolated DAPs/DAPr S. aureus strain pairs, only three DAPr isolates exhibited CWs significantly thicker than those of the respective DAPs parent. These data confirm that CW thickening is neither universal to DAPr S. aureus nor sufficient to yield the DAPr phenotype among S. aureus strains.
A weak Hamiltonian finite element method for optimal control problems (1990)

A temporal finite element method based on a mixed form of the Hamiltonian weak principle is developed for dynamics and optimal control problems. The mixed form of Hamilton's weak principle contains both displacements and momenta as primary variables that are expanded in terms of nodal values and simple polynomial shape functions. Unlike other forms of Hamilton's principle, however, time derivatives of the momenta and displacements do not appear therein; instead, only the virtual momenta and virtual displacements are differentiated with respect to time. Based on the duality that is observed to exist between the mixed form of Hamilton's weak principle and variational principles governing classical optimal control problems, a temporal finite element formulation of the latter can be developed in a rather straightforward manner. Several well-known problems in dynamics and optimal control are illustrated. The example dynamics problem involves a time-marching problem. As optimal control examples, elementary trajectory optimization problems are treated.
Torque ripple and variable blade force: A comparison of Darrieus and Gorlov-type turbines for tidal stream energy conversion (2009)

There are two main types of lift driven vertical axis turbine which can be used for capturing energy from tidal streams. These are the straight bladed “Darrieus-type” and the helically shaped “Gorlov-type”. The Darrieus-type turbine can suffer from vibrations in the shaft due to torque variations, known as “torque ripple”. Gorlov-type turbines ought to reduce this problem but suffer from variations in force distribution along the length of turbine blade. The double multiple streamtube model (a blade element momentum model), with the Gormont-Berg adaptation for dynamic stall, is used to analyse the blade forces and shaft torques. The results show the extent to which torque ripple or variable blade force is effected by various other design choices, such as blade thickness, blade camber or turbine solidity. From these some of the requisite turbine characteristics are derived.
A Comparison of Experimental Rotordynamic Coefficients and Leakage Characteristics Between Hole-Pattern Gas Damper Seals and a Honeycomb Seal (1998)

Honeycomb annular seals are an attractive design alternative due to their superior static and dynamic performance. However, their implementation in industrial practice has been delayed by the following characteristics: a) manufacturing time can be appreciable, and b) they can seriously damage the shaft if rubbing occurs. To minimize these problems, “hole-pattern” gas damper seals, which are formed by simply drilling holes into an annular smooth seal, were manufactured and tested. The hole-pattern damper seal stator can be made of high-strength plastic materials which are less likely to damage a shaft during rubbing. The experimental results presented demonstrate that, compared to a honeycomb seal, a hole-pattern damper seal with 3.18 mm hole diameters and a high percentage of hole surface has achieved: (a) an average of 12 percent reduction in leakage rate, and(b) considerably higher effective damping, especially under high speeds and low inlet pressure ratio conditions.
Reactive Whole-Body Control: Dynamic Mobile Manipulation Using a Large Number of Actuated Degrees of Freedom (2012)

As a result of intensive research over the last few decades, several robotic systems are approaching a level of maturity that allows robust task execution and safe interaction with humans and the environment. Particularly when considering the aging of the population, service and household robotics is expected to play an important role in future domestic environments. To provide the ability to accomplish a huge range of tasks with different requirements, it appears to be inevitable to equip the robot with a large number of degrees of freedom (DoF). Just imagine an ostensibly simple service task like filling a glass with water and placing it on a table. A variety of constraints has to be dealt with simultaneously: No liquid should be slopped, collisions with the environment must be avoided, and possible interactions with humans residing in the workspace of the robot have to be handled properly.
Antisense Therapy against CCR3 and the Common Beta Chain Attenuates Allergen-induced Eosinophilic Responses (2008)

TPI ASM8 attenuates the allergen-induced increase in target gene mRNA and airway responses in subjects with mild asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00264966).
Preparation of Metal Powders Utilizing Electric Discharge in Water (1993)

Eleven kinds of metals, i.e. Al, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta and W, were adopted as electrodes and atomized by utilizing discharge taking place between electrodes of the same metal set in deionized water. By examining the composition of produced particles, the metals could be classified into two groups; from the group consisting of the metals/Zr, Al, V, Nb, Fe, Ta, Ti/oxides were produced, and from the group consisting of the metals/Mo, W, Ni, Cu/oxides were not obtained. The produced particles showed various shapes which were peculiar to each metal. From the observation of discharge behaviour, it was found that an electrolysis and a transient arc discharge take place alternatively in all of the metals. In the case Zr, ZrO2 which provides an additional short period of stable arc discharge and finally an insulating state was observed at the edge surface of the cathode.
Apoptosis and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Humans (2007)

The pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in humans has not been clearly elucidated. Apoptosis may also play an important role. We studied autopsy specimens from 2 patients who died of infection with this virus. Apoptosis was observed in alveolar epithelial cells, which is the major target cell type for the viral replication. Numerous apoptotic leukocytes were observed in the lung of a patient who died on day 6 of illness. Our data suggest that apoptosis may play a major role in the pathogenesis of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans by destroying alveolar epithelial cells. This pathogenesis causes pneumonia and destroys leukocytes, leading to leukopenia, which is a prominent clinical feature of influenza (H5N1) virus in humans. Whether observed apoptotic cells were a direct result of the viral replication or a consequence of an overactivation of the immune system requires further studies.
Electrostatic facilitation of general acid catalyzed .alpha.-oxonium ion formation in a lysozyme-like environment: synthesis of the models (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic facilitation of general acid catalyzed .alpha.-oxonium ion formation in a lysozyme-like environment: synthesis of the modelsDenis E. Ryono and Gordon M. LoudonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 7, 1889–1899Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00423a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dynamic multipoint virtual circuits for multimedia traffic in multihop mobile wireless networks (2003)

Multihop mobile wireless networks offer a means for providing a rapidly-deployable and fluid network infrastructure that enables "on-the-move" communications among nodes that may be widely-dispersed over a large area. These networks experience frequent changes in node interconnectivity and link characteristics, resulting from node movements and environmental changes. Such volatility in network state presents challenges in maintaining a desired quality of service over the life of a session, particularly if the session involves many participants. We have developed, simulated, and tested a network architecture designed to support distributed multimedia sessions in a multihop mobile wireless network. In this paper, we focus on the functions of construction, maintenance, and use of multipoint virtual circuits for transporting session traffic among mobile nodes.
Minimum Sintering Temperatures of Fluidizable Particles (1984)

Abstract Experimental methods to determine minimum sintering temperatures of a variety of granules such as polymers, glass, coal, inorganic salts, etc. are presented. These methods include the use of a dilatometer in which the contraction‐dilation characteristics of a small sample is measured, a differential scanning calorimeter test and an Instron machine by which yield strengths are measured. It is clearly shown that for the majority of materials studied, the different methods give similar values for the minimum sintering temperature but that the dilatometer experiment is the simplest as well as the most reliable method. Since the minimum sintering temperature is always less than the solid's melting point, an efficient method of measuring this temperature is very important for all fluidizable granules subjected to high temperatures. The danger of agglomeration during fluidization increases tremendously at temperatures higher than minimum sintering and therefore special precautions must be taken to avoid defluidization under these conditions.
A solvent-free dense energetic metal–organic framework (EMOF): to improve stability and energetic performance via in situ microcalorimetry (2017)

It is a tremendous challenge to prepare solvent-free dense energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs), hence also to improve their stability and energetic performance. In this study, based on in situ microcalorimetry, an interpenetrating EMOF without solvent molecules, [Cu(tztr)]<sub>n</sub> (1, H<sub>2</sub>tztr = 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)triazole) was obtained, possessing high stability (T<sub>dec</sub> = 360 °C) and outstanding energetic properties (ΔH<sub>det</sub> = 7.53 kcal cm<sup>-3</sup>, D = 8.429 km s<sup>-1</sup>, P = 40.02 GPa).
Differential regulation of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in phenotypically distinct Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines (1995)

Earlier studies have shown that Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines can be divided into 2 major groups: group I, which retain the original BL biopsy phenotype with expression of CD10 and CD77 antigens and lack of B-cell activation markers, and group III, which, after several in vitro passages, progress toward an "LCL-Like" phenotype with loss of CD10 and C77 expression and up-regulation of B-cell activation antigens. In previous studies we have shown that several glycolipid molecules constitute stage-specific antigens for B cells and that sequential shifts in the 3 major glycolipid series are observed during B-cell differentiation, these changes being mostly due to sequential activations of the corresponding glycosyltransferases. In the present work, 10 BL cell lines with group I or group III phenotype have been examined for cell surface expression of 5 glycolipid antigens (LacCer, GM3, Gb3/CD77, Gb4 and GM2), total glycolipid content and enzymatic activities of 4 glycosyltransferases (GM3, Gb3, Gb4 and GM2 synthetases). We now report that group I and group III BL cells differ in their glycolipid metabolism and express either mostly globoseries or ganglioseries compounds. Indeed, Gb3 is the major glycolipid of group I cells, whereas GM3 and GM2 are the 2 major components of group III cells, and these phenotypic differences are mainly due to differential activities of the corresponding glycosyltransferases: group I cells have high Gb3 synthetase activities and low or no GM3 and GM2 synthetase activities, whereas group III cells have high GM3 and GM2 synthetase activities and low Gb3 synthetase activities. Finally, we also show that, unlike LCL, group III BL cells do not synthesize Gb4.
Authentication and Integrity in Telecommunication Signaling Network (2005)

The signaling system 7 (SS7) is a signaling system for the public switched telephone network (PSTN). SS7 network transports call setup, teardown messages, database queries, trunk status, instructions for remote phone switches and so on, in fact it acts as a glue for the circuit switched network. Telecommunication deregulation, liberalization of economies and convergence of telephone, IP and wireless networks has broken the trust enjoyed so long by PSTN as being considered a closed community network. The convergence results in increasing number of interfaces between SS7 and other networks, and each brings with it many vulnerabilities. This paper first analyzes existing security threats due to virtually non-existent authentication and integrity check process and then presents a MTPSec solution at the MTP3 layer in the SS7 protocol stack which provides security services through cryptographic operations. It can be implemented at each signaling point (SP) throughout the network to provide link-by-link security or at least at the SPs residing at the interface between two networks or trust sets.
Chitosan Microspheres Prepared by Emulsification and Ionotropic Gelation (1997)

An attempt was made to prepare chitosan microspheres by an emulsion-phase separation technique but without the usual use of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Instead, ionotropic gelation was employed in a w/o emulsion. The effect of formulation factors was examined. The results showed that microspheres so formed were spherical, free-flowing, and had smooth surfaces. The rate of addition of counterions was important. Gelation of chitosan droplets should take place before the destabilizing effect of the counterions occurred. This effect is associated with the increase in aqueous phase volume when the counterion solution is incorporated.
Probabilistic factor models for web site recommendation (2011)

Due to the prevalence of personalization and information filtering applications, modeling users' interests on the Web has become increasingly important during the past few years. In this paper, aiming at providing accurate personalized Web site recommendations for Web users, we propose a novel probabilistic factor model based on dimensionality reduction techniques. We also extend the proposed method to collective probabilistic factor modeling, which further improves model performance by incorporating heterogeneous data sources. The proposed method is general, and can be applied to not only Web site recommendations, but also a wide range of Web applications, including behavioral targeting, sponsored search, etc. The experimental analysis on Web site recommendation shows that our method outperforms other traditional recommendation approaches. Moreover, the complexity analysis indicates that our approach can be applied to very large datasets since it scales linearly with the number of observations.