gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel iNOS inhibitor that retards melanoma metastasis (2007)

2 Melanoma, in its advanced stages, is the most deadly form of skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential and drug resistance. Alterations in expression or activity of various genes and signaling pathways promote melanoma development. Recent studies have implicated iNOS as an important therapeutic target to prevent melanoma. Among the three isoforms of NOS that are present in various human tissues, eNOS and nNOS are calcium dependent endogenous enzymes and produce significantly low levels of NO compared to the calcium independent inducible form iNOS. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small endogenous ubiquitously present signaling molecule with a diverse array of physiological activities that include regulation of blood flow, immunity, inflammation, and cell survival. It has been implicated in the maintenance of malignant phenotype of many cancer types. NO is synthesized from L-Arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Elevated iNOS expression/activity has been reported in cancers of colon, oral, esophagus and lung. In vitro studies using iNOS inhibitors, s-methylisothiourea (SMT) and aminoguanidine (AMG), have demonstrated that inhibition of NO production induced apoptotic pathways mediated via caspase-1/3, and PARP cleavage. Furthermore poor survival rates have been reported in patients expressing high levels of iNOS protein. Currently available iNOS inhibitors are non-specific and lack potency. Here, we report development of a potent selenium derivative of the iNOS inhibitor s,s’-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT). We found that iNOS is expressed uniformly in a panel of melanoma cells derived from melanoma tumors at different stages of development. In vitro studies using early and metastatic melanoma cell lines showed that Se-PBIT but not PBIT or their corresponding monosubstituted derivatives (PEIS and PEIT) are effective at inducing apoptosis and thereby inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation. In animals, Se-PBIT treatment lead to a significant reduction (~2.5 fold) in lung metastasis development compared to PBIT, PEIS, or PEIT controls. Collectively these results suggest that Se-PBIT may be effective for inhibiting the development of melanoma metastasis and other tumor types in which iNOS plays an important role in tumorigenesis or metastasis.
Profiling Protein Markers Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer by DIGE-based Proteomics Analysis (2009)

Current predictive tools and imaging modalities are not accurate enough for preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastatic prostate cancer (LNM PCa). Proteomic analysis is introduced to screen potential biomarkers for early detection of LNM PCa. In our initial study, protein samples from localized and LNM PCa as well as benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues were analyzed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. We identified 58 proteins that were differentially expressed in the LNM PCa group relative to the localized PCa group. Six of these proteins, e-FABP5, MCCC2, PPA2, Ezrin, SLP2, and SM22, are functionally relevant to cancer metastasis. Expression of these proteins was therefore further validated in tissue samples from the original cohort and also from a larger, independent cohort of patients using real time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry staining. In addition, the serum levels of e-FABP5 were also examined by ELISA. Relative to localized PCa tissues, LNM PCa tissues had increased expression of e-FABP5, MCCC2, PPA2, Ezrin, and SLP2 and decreased expression of SM22. Patients with LNM PCa had significantly higher levels of serum e-FABP5. This study presents evidence that increased expression of e-FABP5, MCCC2, PPA2, Ezrin, and SLP2 and decreased expression of SM22 are useful diagnostic markers for the existence of LNM PCa.
Separex system makes hydrocarbon recovery feasible (1985)

The growing role of membranes in operations requiring separation is becoming known to almost all process engineers. Membranes are available with sufficient selectivity and permeation rates that make gas separations of commercial interest more economical. These membranes are fabricated into elements for commercial use. Membranes operate on the principle that certain gases permeate more rapidly than others, due to diffusion and solubility differences. A gas mixture may be separated into two streams, one enriched in the more permeable components and the other enriched in the less permeable components. The elements utilized in this discussion are the Separex gas separation elements that are commercially available or in operation in a number of gas separation processes. The advantages of membrane separation processes have captured the attention of many industries. One industry that is seeing many advantages of membranes is the gas processing industry. Three examples of Separex membrane applications are discussed.
Dual-carrier processing to convey temporal fine structure cues: Implications for cochlear implants (2015)

Speech intelligibility in noise can be degraded by using vocoder processing to alter the temporal fine structure (TFS). Here it is argued that this degradation is not attributable to the loss of speech information potentially present in the TFS. Instead it is proposed that the degradation results from the loss of sound-source segregation information when two or more carriers (i.e., TFS) are substituted with only one as a consequence of vocoder processing. To demonstrate this segregation role, vocoder processing involving two carriers, one for the target and one for the background, was implemented. Because this approach does not preserve the speech TFS, it may be assumed that any improvement in intelligibility can only be a consequence of the preserved carrier duality and associated segregation cues. Three experiments were conducted using this "dual-carrier" approach. All experiments showed substantial sentence intelligibility in noise improvements compared to traditional single-carrier conditions. In several conditions, the improvement was so substantial that intelligibility approximated that for unprocessed speech in noise. A foreseeable and potentially promising implication for the dual-carrier approach involves implementation into cochlear implant speech processors, where it may provide the TFS cues necessary to segregate speech from noise.
Simultaneous strain–temperature measurement using fluorescence from Yb-doped silica fiber (2000)

The effect of strain upon both the fluorescence intensity ratio and the fluorescence decay-time–temperature-sensing techniques has been studied using Yb-doped fiber. The measured variation with strain of the former method is consistent with no strain sensitivity, while the latter method demonstrates a linear dependence on strain. A single optical sensor element using both these fluorescence techniques thereby offers an attractive way of providing temperature compensation in a simultaneous strain and temperature monitoring system.
The Effect of Electron‐Donating and Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents on <sup>1</sup>H‐and <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR chemical shifts of novel 7′‐aryl‐substituted 7′‐apo‐β‐carotenes (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of 7′‐aryl‐7′‐apo‐β‐carotenes, where aryl (Ar) is Ph, 4‐NO 2 C 6 H 4 , 4‐MeOC 6 H 4 , 4‐(MeO 2 C)C 6 H 4 , C 6 F 5 , and 2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 , is described. NMR Chemical shifts of all H‐ and C‐atoms are presented, together with specific examples of the spectra. In contrast to 1 H chemical shifts which, except for HC(8′) and HC(7′), did not differ greatly from those of β,β‐carotene, considerable variations in 13 C chemical shifts were observed. Signals of the C(α) atoms of the polyene chain [C(β)C(α)] + n Ar were shielded, those of the C(β) atoms were deshielded, with some exceptions when n = 1; the effects decreased with increasing n .
Combination of glycolysis inhibition with chemotherapy results in an antitumor immune response (2012)

Most DNA-damaging agents are weak inducers of an anticancer immune response. Increased glycolysis is one of the best-described hallmarks of tumor cells; therefore, we investigated the impact of glycolysis inhibition, using 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), in combination with cytotoxic agents on the induction of immunogenic cell death. We demonstrated that 2DG synergized with etoposide-induced cytotoxicity and significantly increased the life span of immunocompetent mice but not immunodeficient mice. We then established that only cotreated cells induced an efficient tumor-specific T-cell activation ex vivo and that tumor antigen-specific T cells could only be isolated from cotreated animals. In addition, only when mice were immunized with cotreated dead tumor cells could they be protected (vaccinated) from a subsequent challenge using the same tumor in viable form. Finally, we demonstrated that this effect was at least partially mediated through ERp57/calreticulin exposure on the plasma membrane. These data identify that the targeting of glycolysis can convert conventional tolerogenic cancer cell death stimuli into immunogenic ones, thus creating new strategies for immunogenic chemotherapy.
Modeling and analysis of LWIR signature variability associated with 3D and BRDF effects (2016)

Algorithms for retrieval of surface reflectance, emissivity or temperature from a spectral image almost always assume uniform illumination across the scene and horizontal surfaces with Lambertian reflectance. When these algorithms are used to process real 3-D scenes, the retrieved “apparent” values contain the strong, spatially dependent variations in illumination as well as surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) effects. This is especially problematic with horizontal or near-horizontal viewing, where many observed surfaces are vertical, and where horizontal surfaces can show strong specularity. The goals of this study are to characterize long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) signature variability in a HSI 3-D scene and develop practical methods for estimating the true surface values. We take advantage of synthetic near-horizontal imagery generated with the high-fidelity MultiService Electro-optic Signature (MuSES) model, and compare retrievals of temperature and directional-hemispherical reflectance using standard sky downwelling illumination and MuSES-based non-uniform environmental illumination.
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Deaths Associated With Sinus Irrigation Using Contaminated Tap Water (2012)

These are the first reported PAM cases in the United States associated with the presence of N. fowleri in household plumbing served by treated municipal water supplies and the first reports of PAM potentially associated with the use of a nasal irrigation device. These cases occurred in the context of an expanding geographic range for PAM beyond southern tier states with recent case reports from Minnesota, Kansas, and Virginia. These infections introduce an additional consideration for physicians recommending nasal irrigation and demonstrate the importance of using appropriate water (distilled, boiled, filtered) for nasal irrigation. Furthermore, the changing epidemiology of PAM highlights the importance of raising awareness about this disease among physicians treating persons showing meningitislike symptoms.
Few-Shot Adaptation of Generative Adversarial Networks (2020)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable performance in image synthesis tasks, but typically require a large number of training samples to achieve high-quality synthesis. This paper proposes a simple and effective method, Few-Shot GAN (FSGAN), for adapting GANs in few-shot settings (less than 100 images). FSGAN repurposes component analysis techniques and learns to adapt the singular values of the pre-trained weights while freezing the corresponding singular vectors. This provides a highly expressive parameter space for adaptation while constraining changes to the pretrained weights. We validate our method in a challenging few-shot setting of 5-100 images in the target domain. We show that our method has significant visual quality gains compared with existing GAN adaptation methods. We report qualitative and quantitative results showing the effectiveness of our method. We additionally highlight a problem for few-shot synthesis in the standard quantitative metric used by data-efficient image synthesis works. Code and additional results are available at http://e-271.github.io/few-shot-gan.
LA META Un proceso de mejora continua (2013)

No podria estar mas de acuerdo con el miope y esplendido autor que acompano mi adolescencia, Robert Louis Stevenson en su Isla del Tesoro ; que hoy por hoy deberia ser lectura obligatoria en las escuelas de negocios. En una frase que aun preciso en la memoria: el precio que tenemos que pagar por el dinero es nuestra propia libertad . En esta linea despejo cual es la meta del celebre y recien desaparecido Eliyahu Goldratt (Israel, 1948-2011): profesor de fisica y guru del mundo empresarial y ademas autor de este best seller. La meta pues es el dinero.
A History of the National Intelligencer (1972)

Journal Article A History of the National Intelligencer. By William E. Ames. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972. xi + 376 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $11.95.) Get access Thomas H. Baker Thomas H. Baker University of Arkansas, Little Rock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 59, Issue 3, December 1972, Pages 700–701, https://doi.org/10.2307/1900688 Published: 01 December 1972
The light microscope on its way from an analytical to a preparative tool (1992)

SUMMARY Light intensities of up to 10 13 W/cm 2 can be generated by focusing light, particularly laser pulses, into a microscope. Such power densities can be used to cut, perforate, or fuse microscopic objects with submicrometre accuracy. Suitable light sources for such a ‘microbeam’ are nitrogen lasers with a working wavelength of 337 nm, frequency‐multiplied Neodym YAG lasers (266 or 355 nm) or excimer lasers (308 nm). In combination with dye lasers, tunable microbeams covering the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the infra‐red can be constructed. Such laser microbeams can be used to modify microchip substrates. Micro‐injection of materials into biological cells or fusion of selected cell pairs under total microscopic control is also possible. Using the same equipment, elongated biological objects can be microdissected with submicrometre precision, for example in attempts to isolate DNA from a specific region of the human genome. In addition to the use of high‐power pulsed lasers, the light of a continuous‐wave infra‐red laser can be used for the transport of microscopic objects. There, light pressure and the inhomogeneity of the electric field in a light pulse are used to trap microscopic objects in the focused laser beam, using the beam as ultrafine non‐mechanical tweezers. Unlike mechanical microtools the optical trap is gentle and absolutely sterile. A combined laser microbeam and optical trap (a microbeam‐trap) converts the light microscope, which is usually regarded as an analytical instrument, into a universal preparative instrument that allows micromanipulation of microscopic objects without mechanical contact. In contrast to any other micromanipulator, the microbeam‐trap can work in the depth of an object without opening it.
Posttransplant Immunotherapy with a GM-CSF-Based Tumor Vaccine (GVAX®) Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). (2004)

Abstract Background: Preclinical models have demonstrated the efficacy of GM-CSF secreting cancer vaccines accompanied by vaccine-primed lymphocyte infusion following ASCT. Methods: Patients ≤ 60 years old with de novo AML (excluding M3) were enrolled. Leukemia cells were harvested at diagnosis followed by induction and consolidation chemotherapy and ASCT. A pretransplant vaccine composed of irradiated autologous leukemia cells mixed with GM-CSF gene-modified K562 cells (CG9962) was given followed by collection of vaccine-primed lymphocytes that were reinfused with the stem cell graft. Posttransplant vaccinations were initiated at week 6 (or upon platelet engraftment) and given every 3 weeks (10x107 tumor cells + 4x107 CG9962 cells) x 8 vaccinations. Results: Leukemia cell harvest was successful in 51/54 patients (blood draw − 22, leukapheresis − 28, bone marrow aspirate − 4). To date, 44/54 patients (81%) have achieved a complete remission (CR) following induction chemotherapy, 27 have received the pretransplant vaccination, and 15 have initiated posttransplant vaccinations. Local vaccine injection site reactions developed in all patients. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to irradiated, autologous tumor were induced post vaccination in 4/11. Antibodies reactive against autologous tumor were induced in 5/11 and against CG9962 cells in 10/10. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is being monitored by quantitative analysis of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) for WT1, a leukemia-associated gene, by RT-PCR. All patients had detectable WT1 transcripts in PB and BM at diagnosis. Most patients in CR had persistently detectable WT1 transcripts in BM following induction (92%), consolidation (91%), and ASCT (63%), whereas, clearance of WT-1 in PB was more frequent (49% detectable post induction, 50% post consolidation, and 31% post ASCT). A decrease in WT1 was noted in 67% (12/18 in the BM and 10/15 in PB) following the pretransplant vaccination. Conclusions: Collection of large quantities of autologous leukemia cells for vaccine production is feasible. Reduction in WT-1 transcript levels following the pre-transplant vaccine suggests anti-leukemic activity of this GVAX® vaccine platform.
The CafA Protein Required for the 5′-Maturation of 16 S rRNA Is a 5′-End-dependent Ribonuclease That Has Context-dependent Broad Sequence Specificity (2000)

The CafA protein, which was initially described as having a role in either Escherichia coli cell division or chromosomal segregation, has recently been shown to be required for the maturation of the 5'-end of 16 S rRNA. The sequence of CafA is similar to that of the N-terminal ribonucleolytic half of RNase E, an essential E. coli enzyme that has a central role in the processing of rRNA and the decay of mRNA and RNAI, the antisense regulator of ColE1-type plasmids. We show here that a highly purified preparation of CafA is sufficient in vitro for RNA cutting. We detected CafA cleavage of RNAI and a structured region from the 5'-untranslated region of ompA mRNA within segments cleavable by RNaseE, but not CafA cleavage of 9 S RNA at its "a" RNase E site. The latter is consistent with the finding that the generation of 5 S rRNA from its 9 S precursor can be blocked by inactivation of RNase E in cells that are wild type for CafA. Interestingly, however, a decanucleotide corresponding in sequence to the a site of 9 S RNA was cut efficiently indicating that cleavage by CafA is regulated by the context of sites within structured RNAs. Consistent with this notion is our finding that although 23 S rRNA is stable in vivo, a segment from this RNA is cut efficient by CafA at multiple sites in vitro. We also show that, like RNase E cleavage, the efficiency of cleavage by CafA is dependent on the presence of a monophosphate group on the 5'-end of the RNA. This finding raises the possibility that the context dependence of cleavage by CafA may be due at least in part to the separation of a cleavable sequence from the 5'-end of an RNA. Comparison of the sites surrounding points of CafA cleavage suggests that this enzyme has broad sequence specificity. Together with the knowledge that CafA can cut RNAI and ompA mRNA in vitro within segments whose cleavage in vivo initiates the decay of these RNAs, this finding suggests that CafA may contribute at some point during the decay of many RNAs in E. coli.
miR-29c induction contributes to downregulation of vascular extracellular matrix proteins by glucocorticoids (2015)

Maternal undernutrition increases maternal glucocorticoids (GCs) and alters microRNA expression in offspring. Given that the mechanisms of GC action on vascular development are not clear, this study examined the influence of GCs on microRNA 29c (miR-29c) and its predicted targets in primary rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RAOSMCs). Dexamethasone (Dex) and corticosterone (Cor) time-dependently increased miR-29c expression and reduced collagen type III (Col3A1), collagen type IV (Col4A5), elastin (ELN), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) protein in RAOSMCs. These effects were blocked by mifepristone. These genes were also targeted by miR-29c, as confirmed by a significant decrease in luciferase reporter activity of Col3A1 (34%), Col4A5 (45%), ELN (17%), and MMP2 (28%). In cells transfected with reporter plasmids, including the 3'-untranslated region of genes targeted by miR-29c, treatment with Dex or Cor also resulted in decreases in luciferase activity. Gain or loss of function of miR-29c significantly altered mRNA expression of Col3A1 (26% and 26%, respectively), Col4A5 (28% and 32%, respectively), and MMP2 (24% and 14%, respectively) but did not affect ELN. Gain or loss of function of miR-29c also significantly altered protein levels of Col3A1 (51% and 16%, respectively), Col4A5 (56% and 22%, respectively), ELN (53% and 71%, respectively), and MMP2 (28% and 53%, respectively). Coincubation of anti-miR-29c with Dex or Cor partially attenuated the effects of these steroids on protein expression of Col3A1 (25% and 24%, respectively), Col4A5 (26% and 44%, respectively), ELN (31% and 55%, respectively), and MMP2 (46% and 26%, respectively) in RAOSMCs compared with anti-miR negative controls. Our results demonstrate that GCs regulate the expression of Col3A1, Col4A5, ELN, and MMP2, at least in part, through induction of miR-29c.
VENTRICULAR WEIGHT IN CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY (1952)

Ventricular hypertrophy is usually estimated at necropsy by weighing the heart as a whole and by measuring the thickness of the ventricular walls. The weight of the heart as a whole is open to the objection that a large and varying proportion of the weight is accounted for by structures other than the myocardium, and the thickness of the ventricular wall is not a satisfactory criterion because it may be greatly modified by dilatation of the cavity. The traditional methods are particularly unsatisfactory when used to assess slight or moderate hypertrophy of the right ventricle.