gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversion of the mouse pink-eyed unstable mutation induced by low doses of x-rays (1994)

Deletions and other genome rearrangements can be caused by radiation and are associated with carcinogenesis and inheritable diseases. The pink-eyed unstable (p(un)) mutation in the mouse is caused by a gene duplication and reverts to wild type by deletion of one copy. Reversion events in the mouse embryo were detected as black spots on the fur of the animals or microscopically as partially black hair in a background of colorless hair. The frequency of partially black hair was increased by x-rays at very low doses. A linear dose-response relation was found between 1 and 100 centigray.
Modelling and design of a synergy-based actuator for a tendon-driven soft robotic glove (2016)

The need for a means of assistance in human grasping, to compensate for weakness or to augment performance, is well documented. An appealing new way of doing so is through soft, wearable robots that work in parallel with the human muscles. In this paper we present the design and modelling of a tendon-driving unit that empowers a wearable, soft glove. Being portability one of our main objectives, we use only 1 motor to move 8 degrees of freedom of the hand. To achieve this we use an underactuation strategy based on the human hand's first postural synergy, which explains alone ≈60% of activities of daily living. The constrains imposed by the underactuation strategy are softened, to allow adaptability during grasping, by placing elastic elements in series with the tendons. A simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the glove on a human hand allows us to quantify the magnitude and distribution of the forces involved during usage. These results are used to guide design choices such as the power of the motor and the stiffness of the springs. The designed tendon-driving unit comprises a DC motor which drives an array of spools dimensioned according to the first postural synergy, an electromechanical clutch to hold the hand in position during static posture and a feeder mechanism to avoid slacking of the tendons around the spool. Finally, the tendon-driving unit is tested to verify that it satisfies motion and force characteristics required to assist its wearer in activities of daily living.
Improved algorithms and analysis for secretary problems and generalizations (2002)

In the classical secretary problem, n objects from an ordered set arrive in random order, and one has to accept k of them so that the final decision about each object is made only on the basis of its rank relative to the ones already seen. Variants of the problem depend on the goal: either maximize the probability of accepting the best k objects, or minimize the expectation of the sum of the ranks (or powers of ranks) of the accepted objects. The problem and its generalizations are at the core of tasks with a large data set, in which it may be impractical to backtrack and select previous choices. Optimal algorithms for the special case of k=1 are well known. Partial solutions for the first variant with general k are also known. In contrast, an explicit solution for the second variant with general k has not been known; even the question of whether or not the expected sum of powers of the ranks of selected items tends to infinity with n has been unresolved. We answer these open questions by obtaining explicit algorithms. For each z/spl ges/1, the resulting expected sum of the zth powers of the ranks of the selected objects is at most k/sup z+1//(z+1)+C(z)/spl middot/k/sup z+0.5/log k, whereas the best possible value at all is k/sup z+1//(z+1)+O(k/sup z/). Our methods are very intuitive and apply to some generalizations. We also derive a lower bound on the trade-off between the probability of selecting the best object and its expected rank.
Segmentation of ground glass opacities by asymmetric multi-phase deformable model (2006)

Recently ground glass opacities (GGOs) have become noteworthy in lung cancer diagnosis. It is crucial to define the boundary a GGO accurately and consistently, since the growth rate is the most manifest evidence of its malignancy. The indefinite and irregular boundary of a GGO makes deformable models adequate for its segmentation. Among deformable models a level set method has the ability to handle topological changes. For the exact estimation of GGO's volume change, the pulmonary airways inside GGO should be excluded in its volume estimation, which necessitate the segmentation into more regions than two of the object and the background. Hence, we adopted a multi-phase deformable model of two level set functions and modified its energy functional into an asymmetric form. The main two modifications are the elimination of one region in four regions of the conventional 4-phase deformable model and the prevention of the outer region from spreading out of the initialization. The proposed model segments the input image into three regions of the inner and outer regions, and the background. The GGO tissues are segmented as the inner region and the outer region plays the role of blockade for the inner region not to leak out to adjacent anatomical structures of similar Hounsfield Unit (HU) values. Our experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method as a pre-processing step for three dimensional (3-D) volume measurement of the GGO.
New books - Methods of biochemical analysis. Vol. 16 (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew books - Methods of biochemical analysis. Vol. 16David GlickCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 14, 63APublication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online21 September 2008Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50158a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50158a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell cycle related studies on thymidine kinase and its isoenzymes in Ehrlich ascites tumours (1991)

Thymidine kinase (TK) activity was measured in relation to the cell cycle of in vivo growing ascites tumour cells. The cells were synchronized by means of centrifugal elutriation and the cell cycle composition of the cell fractions was determined by flow cytometry. TK activity was low in G1, increased during S phase and declined in G2. A half-life of TK activity of about 45 min was found throughout the cell cycle. Four isoenzymes at pI values of 4.1, 5.3, 6.9 and 8.3, denoted as isoenzymes 1-4, were identified using isoelectric focusing. Isoenzymes 3 and 4 were responsible for the profound cell cycle related changes in the TK activity. Corresponding isoenzymes were also found in the fetal mouse liver. In the adult mouse liver isoenzyme 2 was the dominating isoenzyme. The half-life of the isoenzymes was in the same range as for the total TK activity. We conclude that the low TK activity in G1 is due to degradation of the enzyme in G2 at a normal rate combined with an arrest in the synthesis of TK. We also conclude that isoenzyme 4 and the intermediate isoenzyme 3, which had earlier been suggested to be a mitochondrial form of TK, in fact represent cytoplasmatic forms of TK. According to cell cycle and pI studies, isoenzyme 2 belongs to the mitochondrial form. Studies with various phosphor donors and specific substrates, however, indicate that it also contains a cytoplasmic component.
FastTrack: Minimizing Stalls for CDN-Based Over-the-Top Video Streaming Systems (2019)

Traffic for internet video streaming has been rapidly increasing and is further expected to increase with the higher definition videos and IoT applications, such as 360 degree videos and augmented virtual reality applications. While efficient management of heterogeneous cloud resources to optimize the quality of experience is important, existing work in this problem space often left out important factors. In this paper, we present a model for describing a today’s representative system architecture for video streaming applications, typically composed of a centralized origin server and several CDN sites. Our model comprehensively considers the following factors: limited caching spaces at the CDN sites, allocation of CDN for a video request, choice of different ports from the CDN, and the central storage and bandwidth allocation. With the model, we focus on minimizing a performance metric, stall duration tail probability (SDTP), and present a novel, yet efficient, algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem. The theoretical bounds with respect to the SDTP metric are also analyzed and presented. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can significantly improve the SDTP metric, compared to the baseline strategies. Small-scale video streaming system implementation in a real cloud environment further validates our results.
Electrochemical oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions of metallocenes in electrospray mass spectrometry (1994)

Metallocenes, substituted metallocenes, and organometallic salts containing metal-carbon bonds have been investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS). Organometallic salts yielded stable cations in high abundances; metallocenes appeared in the oxidized form [i.e., as bis(cyclopentadienyl) metal cations, Cp2M+]. Identifications were confirmed by inspection of the natural isotope distribution patterns. ESMS response vs concentration (log-log) plots showed a linear range between 10(-9) and 10(-5) M for both CP2Fe and [Cp2Fe]+[PF6]-. For solutions of equivalent concentration, however, the salt form always yielded a higher abundance of Cp2Fe+. Neutral metallocenes are ionized by an electrochemical oxidation (electron-removal) mechanism at or near the electrospray (ES) capillary (needle). Increasing electrospray appearance potentials for Cp2M+ (M = metal) formation correlated with increasing haff-wave potentials for oxidation [E1/2(OX)] and increasing ionization energies (IE) in the series: decamethylferrocene, 1,1'-dimethylferrocene, ferrocene, formylferrocene, carboxylferrocene, acetylferrocene, 1,1'-discetylferrocene, osmocene, and ruthenocene. For osmocene [relatively high E1/2-(ox) and IE], ESMS conditions were established whereby protonation was competitive with oxidation, thus creating two pathways of ion formation. In methylene chloride solvent, chloride ion was incorporated into the inner sphere of certain metallocenes subjected to ESMS, forming Cp2RuCl+ and Cp2OsCl+ complexes via nucleophilic addition. These latter Ru(IV) and Os(IV) species also formed analogous gas-phase complexes with trifluoroacetate ion and hydroxide ion. Results have been rationalized on the basis of ion stability considerations.
Effects of dietary vitamin E on the immune system in broilers: altered proportions of CD4 T cells in the thymus and spleen (1998)

To gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E (VE), immune cell population analyses were conducted using thymus and spleen from male broilers fed diets with various levels of VE supplementation (0, 17, 46, and 87 mg dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg of feed). At 2 and 7 wk of age, the percentages of B cells, macrophages, and T cell subsets, delineated by the expression of CD4, CD8, and T cell receptor (TCR) isotype, in thymus and spleen were determined by flow cytometry. The percentages of thymic and splenic B cells and macrophages from 2- and 7-wk-old chickens, as well as the percentage of thymic T cells in 2-wk-old chickens, were unaffected by VE treatment. However, 7-wk-old broilers maintained on 87 mg VE/kg feed had a higher percentage of CD4+CD8- thymocytes, a higher CD4+CD8- to CD4-CD8+ thymocyte ratio, and a lower percentage of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes than chickens receiving no dietary VE supplementation. The VE-induced increase in the percentage of CD4+CD8- thymocytes was due to an increase in the TCR2+CD4+CD8- thymocyte subset, whereas the decrease in the percentage of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes involved all TCR defined T cell subsets. In the spleen, the percentage of CD4+CD8- T cells was lower in 2-wk-old chickens and higher in 7-wk-old chickens maintained on 87 mg/kg feed than in chickens receiving no dietary VE supplementation. The decrease in CD4+CD8- splenocytes at 2 wk of age was due to a decline in the percentage of TCR2+CD4+CD8- splenocytes, whereas the increase in CD4+CD8- splenocytes in 7-wk-old chicks was due to an increase in the percentages of all TCR defined CD4+CD8- T cell subsets. These data support an immunomodulatory effect of VE on CD4+CD8- T cells.
Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: best practice recommendations for choosing and safely using a vibrator (2018)

Vibrators are an evidence-based treatment for a variety of sexual dysfunctions and sexual enhancement; however, the use of a genital vibrator lacks best practice recommendations. This aim of this article is to provide current, best practice recommendations regarding the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction and/or sexual or relationship enhancement. A multidisciplinary team of sexual health specialists collaborated to develop best practice recommendations based on a narrative literature review. Recommendations for the use of vibratory stimulation for the treatment of sexual dysfunction are provided, with special attention to counseling patients on choosing and safely using a vibrator. Further study is needed to determine the most effective methods to counsel patients on vibrator use and to provide evidence-based cleaning recommendations.
Software process modeling and execution within virtual environments (1998)

In the past, multiuser virtual environments have been developed as venues for entertainment and social interaction. Recent research focuses instead on their utility in carrying out work in the real world. This research has identified the importance of a mapping between the real and the virtual that permits the representation of real tasks in the virtual environment. We investigate the use of virtual environments—in particular, MUDs (Multi-User Dimensions)—in the domain of software process. In so doing, we define a mapping, or metaphor , that permits the representation of software processes within a MUD. The system resulting from this mapping, called Promo , permits the modeling and execution of software processes by geographically dispersed agents.
Aberrant promoter CpG methylation as a molecular marker for disease monitoring in natural killer cell lymphomas (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas lack suitable clonal markers for tumour cell detection, making the monitoring of minimal residual lymphoma difficult. Aberrant promoter CpG methylation occurs frequently in NK cell lymphomas. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of aberrant methylation as a surrogate tumour marker. Twenty-five primary tumours and 105 serial biopsies taken at various time points after treatment were examined using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) for a panel of genes, comprising p73, p16, hMLH1, RARbeta and p15, previously shown to be methylated in NK cell lymphomas. All samples underwent independent morphological examination, supplemented by immunostaining for CD56 and in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr-virus-encoded RNA. Primary tumours showed the frequent methylation of the genes p73 (92%), p16 (71%), hMLH1 (61%), RARbeta (56%) and p15 (48%). MSP results in serial post-treatment biopsies were correlated with clinicopathological findings. Results were concordant in 89 follow-up samples (18 samples, histology positive/MSP positive; 71 samples, histology negative/MSP negative) and discordant in 16. Fifteen samples were histology negative/MSP positive, and tumour involvement was subsequently confirmed (positive re-biopsies or relapses at the same sites), indicating that MSP was more sensitive for minimal lymphoma detection. One sample was histology positive/MSP negative; a subsequent histological review and continuous clinical remission of the patient did not support tumour involvement. Our findings suggest that MSP for aberrantly methylated genes is a potentially valuable molecular marker for detecting either residual or relapsed disease in NK cell lymphoma patients.
Development of a quantitative PCR method to differentiate between viable and nonviable bacteria in environmental water samples (2009)

Ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA) treatment of pure culture and environmental waters at low concentrations (1.0-7.5 microg/ml) indicated effective enumeration of viable and viable but nonculturable Escherichia coli in pure cultures, creek waters, and secondary activated sludge effluent samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of the uidA and fliC gene targets at turbidity values < 10 NTU. However, EMA treatment was not effective in primary clarifier and secondary trickling filter effluents where turbidities were > or = 10 NTU. In viable pure cultures, rapidly dividing and senescent cells were most affected by increasing EMA concentrations. Amplification of heat-killed pure bacterial cultures decreased 4 to 6 logs depending on EMA concentration and culture age. The greatest difference was observed in 5-h cultures using 7.5 microg/ml EMA. Turbidity (> or = 100 NTU) in environmental samples inhibited EMA effectiveness on viability discrimination. Enumeration of E. coli in certain wastewaters using EMA-qPCR was similar to culture suggesting that EMA treatment could be incorporated into qPCR assays for the quantification of viable bacteria increasing assay time no more than 30 min. Our results indicate that EMA can be used in routine qPCR assays, but optimum conditions for exposure must be identified for each sample type due to sample matrix effects such as turbidity.
Differential effects of sleep stage on coronary hemodynamic function (1989)

The sleep-wake cycle results in distinctive patterns of autonomic nervous system activity. The present study examined the effects of rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep on coronary hemodynamic function in chronically instrumented dogs. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured via a catheter in the aorta, and coronary blood flow was determined with Doppler probes placed around the left circumflex and right coronary artery. Identification of sleep stages was accomplished by means of electrodes implanted via the frontal sinus to record electro-oculogram, electromyogram, and electroencephalogram. Results indicated that during slow-wave sleep there were moderate but significant reductions in heart rate, 9% decreases in left coronary blood flow, and increases in coronary vascular resistance. In rapid-eye-movement sleep, the circumflex coronary blood flow base line returned to awake levels, and there were pronounced, phasic 35% increases in heart rate and 35% increases in coronary blood flow lasting 15-20 s. These surges were eliminated by stellectomy, indicating that they were mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Better ceramics through chemistry III; Proceedings of the Symposium, Reno, NV, Apr. 5-9, 1988 (1988)

The present conference on sol-gel chemical methods for ceramic production discusses topics in the sol-gel methodology of silicates and nonsilicates, structure-property relationships in sol-gel products, powder synthesis and processing methods, sol-gel composition characterization methods, polymeric-precursor nonoxide ceramics production, aerogels, and sol-gel film-production methods. Attention is given to branching theory in sol-gel processing, polymetallic alkoxide precursors for ceramics, syneresis in silica gel, nanometer-sized inorganic gel particles, sol-gel protective films for metallic solar mirrors, the 'Varogel' glass-formation technique, the optimization of sol-gel film properties, luminescent oxide gels, and the sol-gel processing of transparent MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/.
Binding of alkanone flavors to .beta.-lactoglobulin: effects of conformational and chemical modification (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of alkanone flavors to .beta.-lactoglobulin: effects of conformational and chemical modificationTimothy E. O'Neill and John E. KinsellaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 5, 770–774Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00077a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00077a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts