gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Elongation and Orientation of Cultured Endothelial Cells in Response to Shear Stress (1985)

Vascular endothelial cells appear to be aligned with the flow in the immediate vicinity of the arterial wall and have a shape which is more ellipsoidal in regions of high shear and more polygonal in regions of low shear stress. In order to study quantitatively the nature of this response, bovine aortic endothelial cells grown on Thermanox plastic coverslips were exposed to shear stress levels of 10, 30, and 85 dynes/cm2 for periods up to 24 hr using a parallel plate flow chamber. A computer-based analysis system was used to quantify the degree of cell elongation with respect to the change in cell angle of orientation and with time. The results show that (i) endothelial cells orient with the flow direction under the influence of shear stress, (ii) the time required for cell alignment with flow direction is somewhat longer than that required for cell elongation, (iii) there is a strong correlation between the degree of alignment and endothelial cell shape, and (iv) endothelial cells become more elongated when exposed to higher shear stresses.
Successful Treatment of Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Refractory Shock Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2015)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most common cause of poisoning and poisoning-related death in the United States. It is a tasteless and odorless poisonous gas produced from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons, such as those produced by cars and heating systems. CO rapidly binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, leading to tissue hypoxia, multiple-organ failure, and cardiovascular collapse. CO also binds to myocardial myoglobin, preventing oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac mitochondria and resulting in cardiac ischemia or stunning and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Treatment of CO poisoning is mainly supportive, and supplemental oxygen remains the cornerstone of therapy, whereas hyperbaric oxygen therapy is considered for patients with evidence of neurological and myocardial injury. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been utilized effectively in patients with respiratory failure and hemodynamic instability, but its use has rarely been reported in patients with CO poisoning. We report the successful use of venoarterial ECMO in a patient with severe CO poisoning and multiple-organ failure.
A New Algorithm for Rachford-Rice for Multiphase Compositional Simulation (2008)

Abstract Flash calculations for use in compositional simulation are more difficult and time-consuming as the number of equilibrium phases increase beyond two. Because of its complexity many simulators do not even attempt to incorporate three or more hydrocarbon phases even though such cases are important in many low-temperature gas floods, or for high temperatures where hydrocarbons can partition into water. Multiphase flash algorithms typically use successive substitution (SS) followed by Newton's method. For NP-phase flash calculations, (NP-1) Rachford-Rice (RR) equations are solved in every iteration step in SS, and depending on the choice of independent variables, in Newton's method. Solution of RR equations determines both compositions and amounts of phases for a fixed overall composition and set of K-values. A robust algorithm for RR is critical to obtain convergence in multiphase compositional simulation, and has not been satisfactorily developed unlike the traditional two-phase flash. In this paper, we develop a robust and efficient algorithm for RR equations for multiphase compositional simulation. We focus primarily on systems with three equilibrium hydrocarbon phases, although other applications are possible. We derive a function, whose gradient vector consists of RR equations. This correct solution to the RR equations is formulated as a minimization of the non-monotonic convex function using the independent variables of (NP-1) phase mole fractions. The key to obtaining a robust algorithm is that we specify non-negative constraints for the resulting equilibrium phase compositions, which are described by a very small region with no poles. The minimization uses Newton's direction with a line search technique to exhibit super-linear convergence. We show a case in which a previously developed method cannot converge while our algorithm rapidly converges in a few iterations. We implement the algorithm both in a stand-alone flash code and in UTCOMP, a multiphase compositional simulator, and show that the algorithm is guaranteed to converge when a multiphase region exists as indicated by stability analysis.
The structure of an aminosilane coupling agent in aqueous solutions and partially cured solids (1982)

Abstract The molecular structures of partially cured polyaminopropylsilsesquioxane and aminopropyltriethoxysilane in water have been studied using Fourier‐transform infrared, laser Raman, and quasielastic laser light‐scattering spectroscopy. A multiply hydrogen‐bonded structure is proposed for the intramolecularly interacting amine and silanol groups on the basis of isotope exchange experiment and conformational energy calculations. Conformational restrictions are rather low for the proposed structure, which is thus suitable for the partially cured solid where there are slight perturbations by the surrounding amine and silanol groups. The O.…N distance was experimentally determined to be in the range 2.70–2.67 Å and estimated theoretically as 2.49–2.45 Å. The aminosilane in very dilute solution is found to be mostly monomeric. The isolated monomer‐oligomer transition lies around 0.15% by weight and this transition influences the amount of silane uptake by glass fibers. It is also proposed that this phenomenon may be general for surface treatments by silane coupling agents. Hydrolyzed aminosilane oligomers exist in part as submicron aggregates which can be broken up by the addition of an alcohol. The neutralized aminosilane hydrolyzes very slowly although it dissolves in water instantaneously. Micelle formation is also proposed.
The tree house (2001)

* Ensures children progress at the right pace with supportive, gradual progression through carefully graded steps. * Provides engaging humour and lively fiction plots provided by top authors and illustrators enhance excellence and enjoyment in teaching and learning. * Includes varied fiction styles are introduced through fantasy, cliff-hanger, adventure and novelty format titles to motivate and maintain attention. * Promotes valuable awareness of community and citizenship as Story Street is modelled round a contemporary multi-cultural community and many titles are ideal for teaching citizenship and PSHE including issues that range from conservation to bullying. * Specific assessment activities to help teachers monitor children's reading progress and simple integration of assessment for learning throughout Story Street Teacher's Notes ensure children's reading and writing skills progress at word, sentence and text level. * Accessible Teaching Notes and Activity sheets ensure teachers, teaching assistants and parents are all able to contribute to teaching and learning with simple integration of assessment for learning. * Covers ICT and literacy with vibrant talking books, author video clips and activities on CDROM for ages 5-7.
A Novel Method for Evaluating the Acrosomal Status of Mammalian Spermatozoa (1997)

A novel method was developed to evaluate the acrosomal status of mammalian spermatozoa. The method is based on the ability of the lectin Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) to bind specifically to glycoproteins of the acrosomal matrix released during the acrosome reaction. The amount of released acrosomal content is proportional to the fraction of spermatozoa that underwent acrosome reaction. The released glycoproteins present in the supernatant separated from the cells were detected via an ELISA-like assay. The authors suggest that one of these glycoproteins might be the acrosin as identified by anti-acrosin antibodies, using Western blot analysis. The new method (demonstrated here with ram and bull spermatozoa) correlates well with the results obtained by conventional methods. Its advantages are simplicity, objectiveness, rapidity, and low cost. In addition, many samples can be processed in parallel. The method can be used in experimental as well as clinical applications.
Automatic Atlas Based Electron Density and Structure Contouring for MRI-based Prostate Radiation Therapy on the Cloud (2014)

Our group have been developing methods for MRI-alone prostate cancer radiation therapy treatment planning. To assist with clinical validation of the workflow we are investigating a cloud platform solution for research purposes. Benefits of cloud computing can include increased scalability, performance and extensibility while reducing total cost of ownership. In this paper we demonstrate the generation of DICOM-RT directories containing an automatic average atlas based electron density image and fast pelvic organ contouring from whole pelvis MR scans.
Enrichment of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) using negative selection from patients with metastatic melanoma (2014)

Circulating tumor cells have emerged as prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of metastatic cancers of epithelial origins viz., breast, colorectal and prostate. These tumors express Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) on their cell surface which is used as an antigen for immunoaffinity capture. However, EpCAM capture technologies are of limited utility for non-epithelial cancers such as melanoma. We report a method to enrich Circulating Melanoma Cells (CMCs) that does not presuppose malignant cell characteristics. CMCs were enriched by centrifugation of blood samples from healthy (N = 10) and patient (N = 11) donors, followed by RBC lysis and immunomagnetic depletion of CD45-positive leukocytes in a specialized magnetic separator. CMCs were identified by immunocytochemistry using Melan-A or S100B as melanoma markers and enumerated using automated microscopy image analyses. Separation was optimized for maximum sensitivity and recovery of CMCs. Our results indicate large number of CMCs in Stage IV melanoma patients. Analysis of survival suggested a trend toward decreased survival with increased number of CMCs. Moreover, melanoma-associated miRs were found to be higher in CMC-enriched fractions in two patients when compared with the unseparated samples, validating this method as applicable for molecular analyses. Negative selection is a promising approach for isolation of CMCs and other EpCAM -negative CTCs, and is amenable to molecular analysis of CMCs. Further studies are required to validate its efficacy at capturing specific circulating cells for genomic analysis, and xenograft studies.
Cell Signaling in Injured Rat Arteries (1999)

Cell Signaling in Injured Rat Arteries The excessive growth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is an important component of the development of atherosclerotic lesions and restenosis. Despite many years of research, we still know little about the identity of the factors that stimulate smooth muscle cell growth. In part, this is because factors found to be mitogenic for SMCs in vitro were not always so in vivo. For example, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an excellent mitogen for cultured SMCs, but when administered in vivo, was found to stimulate cell migration and not cell replication.1 For this and other reasons, we have utilized an in vivo model that uses mechanical injury to stimulate SMC replication. Over the past 16 years, we have mapped out the events that take place after arterial injury and have identified several factors that contribute to the formation of the arterial lesion.2-7 To understand the process of injury-induced smooth muscle cell replication, we have begun to determine the signaling pathways activated by balloon catheter injury, with an initial focus on the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs).3 This pathway is activated by many mitogens, and its activation ultimately leads to cell replication (Fig. 1). Activation of the ERK pathway is usually detected by the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the proteins referred to as p42ERK and p44ERK (ERK1 and ERK2). Once activated, these proteins phosphorylate transcription factors, such as Elk-1, Ets1 and Sap1. Ultimately, this leads to an increase in cyclin D1 and entry into the cell cycle.8,9
SECTION OF THE SPINOTHALAMIC TRACT AT THE LEVEL OF THE INFERIOR OLIVE (1942)

The literature concerning the pain pathways in the central nervous system and their surgical interruption for the alleviation of pain has been extensively reviewed.1The present communication adds direct observations which concern the localization of the pain fibers from the body at the level of the inferior olive and confirmatory data on the course of the spinothalamic tract through the brain stem. The technical procedure of interrupting the spinothalamic tract in the medulla, resulting in relief of high, intractable pain on the opposite side of the body, has been described in an earlier report.2On the basis of the sensory changes noted during the operation, it was concluded that a topical arrangement of fibers is present within the spinothalamic tract, so that at the level of the inferior olive fibers belonging to the lower dermatomes of the body lie more superficially while those of the upper ones occupy
Pass transistor based gate array architecture (2002)

This paper describes a completely new gate array architecture that fully exploits inherent advantages of pass transistor logic which a conventional architecture can not. In implementing SRAMs, our gate array achieves a 1.5 times higher density than a conventional gate array due to its different size transistors in the basic cell. An 8/spl times/8 b multiplier designed with this gate array using 0.4-/spl mu/m CMOS process achieves a multiplication time of 12.7 ns and dissipates 480 /spl mu/W with the supply voltage of 1.2 V. A 1.2 V 9 ns 1 kb SRAM was also designed with the same gate array.
What do children need from parents? (1990)

(1990). What do children need from parents? Early Child Development and Care: Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 11-22.
A velocity control strategy for vehicular collision avoidance system (2006)

A novel strategy on vehicular velocity controlling was proposed to meet both the demands of collision avoidance and best following performances, which aims to guarantee traffic safety and improve the transportation efficiency. Unlike the strategy used in other researches, it tries to make the following car braked with maximum deceleration to near the running situation of the preceding car, then keep the similar running states between the two vehicles. The velocity control algorithm was illustrated. A Matlab program with the algorithm is made to simulate the vehicle's running on both the urban road and highway driving condition, the simulation results shows that the two cars follow well and there were no collision accidents occurred, which demonstrates the validity of the strategy.
An In Vitro Trauma Model to Study Rodent and Human Astrocyte Reactivity (2011)

Protocols are presented describing a unique in vitro injury model and how to culture and mature mouse, rat, and human astrocytes for its use. This injury model produces widespread injury and astrocyte reactivity that enable quantitative measurements of morphological, biochemical, and functional changes in rodent and human reactive astrocytes. To investigate structural and molecular mechanisms of reactivity in vitro, cultured astrocytes need to be purified and then in vitro "matured" to reach a highly differentiated state. This is achieved by culturing astrocytes on deformable collagen-coated membranes in the presence of adult-derived horse serum (HS), followed by its stepwise withdrawal. These in vitro matured, process-bearing, quiescent astrocytes are then subjected to mechanical stretch injury by an abrupt pressure pulse from a pressure control device that briefly deforms the culture well bottom. This inflicts a measured reproducible, widespread strain that induces reactivity and injury in rodent and human astrocytes. Cross-species comparisons are possible because mouse, rat, and human astrocytes are grown using essentially the same in vitro treatment regimen. Human astrocytes from fetal cerebral cortex are compared to those derived from cortical biopsies of epilepsy patients (ages 1-12 years old), with regard to growth, purity, and differentiation. This opens a unique opportunity for future studies on glial biology, maturation, and pathology of human astrocytes. Prototypical astrocyte proteins including GFAP, S100, aquaporin4, glutamate transporters, and tenascin are expressed in mouse, rat, and human in vitro matured astrocyte. Upon pressure-stretching, rodent and human astrocytes undergo dynamic morphological, gene expression, and protein changes that are characteristic for trauma-induced reactive astrogliosis.
An Alternative Definition for "Neighborhood of a Point" (1975)

The concept of "neighborhood of a point" has been used in various programs for analyzing spatial dot patterns. The common definition based on k-nearest neighbors does not reflect the intuitive cluster associations of certain points in simple patterns. An alternative definition is proposed to reflect such associations more satisfactorily. Its applications includes cluster analysis and descriptive measures for dot patterns.
Measurement of Skin-Electrode Impedance for a 12-lead Electrocardiogram (2005)

In electrocardiographic recording one of the main sources of error is an imperfect mechanical contact in the skin-electrode interface because it causes high impedances that can contribute to distortion in the ECG. We measured contact impedance to determine the corresponding values to a reliable contact in this interface in 10 electrodes of the standard 12-lead ECG of 5 normal subjects from 1 Hz to 50 kHz. An impedance decrease for increasing frequency and a wider dispersion in low frequencies was observed. In the ECG frequency range, maximum contact impedances varied from 20 k/spl Omega/ in 50 Hz and 100 Hz to 75 k/spl Omega/ in 1 Hz. Because we are interested in analyzing ECG low frequency waves, we use the range of impedance values in 5 Hz for each electrode to detect a poor electrode placement in the 12-lead ECG recording.
Dynamics of Encoding in a Population of Neurons (1972)

A simple encoder model, which is a reasonable idealization from known electrophysiological properties, yields a population in which the variation of the firing rate with time is a perfect replica of the shape of the input stimulus. A population of noise-free encoders which depart even slightly from the simple model yield a very much degraded copy of the input stimulus. The presence of noise improves the performance of such a population. The firing rate of a population of neurons is related to the firing rate of a single member in a subtle way.
Age-Related Changes in the Circadian Rhythm of Plasma Cortisol in Man* (1985)

We studied the effect of age on the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in 34 normal subjects, aged 18-75 yr. Blood was sampled at 20-min intervals beginning at 2000 h, and the data were analyzed using the PULSAR program and the cosinor method. There was a negative correlation between age and the time of the maximum cortisol concentration (r = -0.548; P = 0.001), the time of the nadir cortisol concentration (r = -0.543; P = 0.001), and the acrophase (r = 0.528; P = 0.001). When the subjects were divided into those 39 yr of age and younger and 40 yr of age and older, the times of the cortisol nadir, maximum, and acrophase were significantly earlier in the older group. The interval between the nadir and peak cortisol levels was not significantly different, consistent with an age-related phase advance of the cortisol circadian rhythm. Quantitative indices of adrenal function, including the 24-h mean cortisol concentration and the number of cortisol peaks as well as their amplitude and duration, were not different in the two groups. There was a significant negative correlation between age and customary bedtime (r = -0.686; P = 0.001) that may explain, in part, the phase advance in the older subjects. This observation strengthens the evidence that sleep onset is a major factor contributing to synchronization of the cortisol rhythm. Alternative explanations are that age-related changes in the control of hormonal and other rhythms have important influences on sleep and activity schedules, or that sleep and cortisol variables do not influence each other, but are both the final expression of some central change.
The Platelet-derived Growth Factor-inducible KC Gene Encodes a Secretory Protein Related to Platelet α-Granule Proteins (1989)

A full length cDNA clone of the platelet-derived growth factor-inducible KC gene has been isolated, sequenced, and expressed in COS cells. Both sequence analysis and expression studies indicate that KC encodes a secretory protein. Sequence analysis shows that, furthermore, the protein encoded by KC belongs to a growing superfamily of inducible proteins with a common ancestral linkage to the platelet alpha-granule proteins, platelet factor 4, and connective tissue-activating peptide III. A computer-generated phylogenetic tree documents interrelationships between KC and six additional members of this peptide superfamily. The KC gene is, in all probability, the murine homologue of a human gene termed "gro." By extension, the KC protein is the murine counterpart of the protein encoded by the gro gene. The gro protein corresponds to a factor described as "melanoma growth-stimulating activity."
Novel construction of penem ring system from penicillin derivatives. Synthesis of a 2-carboxypenem derivative (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel construction of penem ring system from penicillin derivatives. Synthesis of a 2-carboxypenem derivativeTetsuji Kametani, Naoaki Kanaya, Atsushi Nakayama, Tomoko Mochizuki, Shuichi Yokohama, and Toshio HondaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 5, 624–629Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00355a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00355a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts