gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling waves and surf (1986)

Although modeling natural phenomena is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of computer graphics, relatively little time has been spent on modeling ocean waves. The model presented in this paper is suitable for the rendering and animation of waves approaching and breaking on a sloping beach. Waveforms consist of a phase function which correctly produces wave refraction and other depth effects, and a wave profile which changes according to wave steepness and water depth. Particle systems are used to model the spray produced by wave breaking and collisions with obstacles. A scanline algorithm for displaying the wave surface is presented, along with a method of integrating separately rendered particle systems with other surfaces. Hidden surface removal for both waves and particles is done using a novel variation of the A-buffer technique. Methods of implementing the model are presented and compared with previous rendering techniques.
A trigger channel threshold artifact in nanoparticle analysis (2013)

The analysis of individual nanoparticles by flow cytometry involves the measurement of dim signals that are near the detection limits of the instrument. Discriminating the signal from particles of interest from that of background particles in buffers and from optical and electronic noise can be challenging, and requires careful consideration of the measurement approach, control experiments, and scrutiny of the resulting data. In applying this scrutiny, we have come to recognize an artifact that results from the inappropriate selection of the trigger channel threshold that might not be obvious to the casual user. When measuring dim signals close to the noise or background levels, it is intuitive and common for the operator to adjust the trigger threshold to minimize the "false triggers" acquired by the system, and then to run the unknown sample, interpreting the events detected above the background as measurements of individual particles. We show here that when this approach is used to measure particles whose signals fall below the trigger threshold, only coincident events are detected, producing erroneous measurements of both particle number and brightness. We suggest that in many cases, the analysis of dim nanoparticles is best achieved using a fluorescence channel for the trigger.
A “Reference” Precipitated Tricalciurn Phosphate Hydrate (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA "Reference" Precipitated Tricalciurn Phosphate HydrateW. H. Maclntire, George Palmer, and H. L. MarshallCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 2, 164–169Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50422a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50422a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sandstone Acidizing Simulation: Development of an Expert System (1995)

Various models to simulate sandstone acidizing processes in oil well stimulations have been presented in the past. The standard "lumped" model representing the sandstone acidizing process that has been used until recently considers one acid and two representative minerals. Although this model has been employed for years, investigators have found tpat the model does not account for acid (HF) consumption consistently and cannot extrapolate laboratory data to different operating conditions. A secondary dissolution/precipitation reaction is proposed to simulate the acidizing process more accurately. This leads to an improved model which represents the sandstone acidizing with two acid and three mineral equations. The new model has been implemented in a sandstone acidizing simulator called UT ACID. The first part of the research investigates the two-acid, three-mineral model and compares both models. The study provides results which confirm the findings by previous investigators. The simulator requires input files containing data about the formation properties, acidizing fluid system, and simulator parameters. One of the difficult parts in creating these input files is in the design of matrix acidizing fluids particularly the concentration and volume of the acid. The selection of acid fluids is a design process, an appropriate task for expert systems. This leads to another task for a complete acidizing simulation study. An expert system has been developed to help design sandstone acidizing fluid systems and create input files for the simulator. Required parameters for sandstone acidizing such as acid type, concentration, volume, and injection rate/pressure are first designed using the expert system. The output from the expert system is then used to create the input data for the UT ACID simulator. Given proper reservoir data including information about the damage, the expert system presents recommendations including the damage removal fluids, the acid systems if required, the injection pressure and schedule, and the input file for the simulator. Integration of the expert system, the simulator, and additional routines including X-Window visualization programs leads to the construction of ASSESS, a complete and user-friendly package for sandstone acidizing fluid design and simulation. Testing on this package shows satisfactory results.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS (1981)

Conference Abstract| April 01 1981 INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS R. E. Humbel; R. E. Humbel 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Dept. of Internal Medicine, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. R. Froesch; E. R. Froesch *University of Zürich, 8028 Zürich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. K. Haselbacher; G. K. Haselbacher 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Dept. of Internal Medicine, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Zapf; J. Zapf *University of Zürich, 8028 Zürich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Zumstein P. Zumstein 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Dept. of Internal Medicine, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1981) 9 (2): 66P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009066p Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. E. Humbel, E. R. Froesch, G. K. Haselbacher, J. Zapf, P. Zumstein; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1981; 9 (2): 66P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst009066p Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Frequency Control Concerns in the North American Electric Power System (2003)

This paper examines the relationship between system frequency, reliability and markets. It was prompted by the frequency deviations recently experienced at 2200 hours daily but is more generally concerned with the question of what frequency control is necessary. The paper does not provide new information or document new research. Nor is it intended to educate readers concerning power system engineering. Instead, the purpose is to reexamine well known truths concerning the power system and to freshly explore the basic relationship between frequency, reliability and markets: stepping back, if you will, to see if we are collectively missing something. The concern of this paper is with frequency and reliability. Off-nominal frequency can impact reliability and markets efficiency (as we are using the term here) in four ways. It could damage equipment (generation, transmission, or load). It could degrade the quality of the product being delivered to end users (too low and lights would flicker unacceptably, for example). It could result in the collapse of the power system itself (by triggering protective system actions, for example). Or it could result in overloading transmission lines as various generators try to restore system frequency impacting markets efficiency. Often these causes operate in concert. Generator protective systems take action to prevent generator damage, for example, but exacerbate the overall generation/load imbalance. The paper is divided into two sections. The Introduction is followed by a section titled ''A Perspective on Frequency Control'' which addresses the physical requirements of the power system and how market transactions interact with the physical system. The ''Frequency Standards and Control Performance'' section discusses the various NERC and regional reliability council policies that govern utility performance and how these relate to frequency and reliability. Finally, Conclusions are provided.
A Land Fit for Tories to Live In: The Political Ecology of the British Conservative Party, 1944–94 (1995)

Although the industrialised West has seen since the 1970s a very marked leaning to the right both in government and in popular politics, the experience of the British Conservative Party has been unique. The party can trace a continuous existence to the reconstruction of the King's government by William Pitt the Younger in 1784, and is probably the oldest political organisation in the world: far older, indeed, than most sovereign states. In two centuries of life it has transformed itself from the party of monarchy, aristocracy and the Established Church into a highly successful practitioner of mass politics. It has been in government, either as the sole party of government or as the dominant partner in coalition, for seventy years in the last hundred, and thirty-two years in the last fifty. This remarkable political achievement can be explained at many levels; the purpose of this article is to explore just one of them. By bringing together the explanatory insights of political scientists working on electoral sociology with the records of the party in government and opposition, it is possible to discern how the Conservatives used the opportunities of government to cultivate the society which tended, and increasingly tends, to give them victory at the ballot box. This cultivation of the political environment was not exactly social engineering – a project which contemporary Conservatives emphatically reject – but in tune with the biological metaphor of the title of this paper it could be called ‘social gardening’. The first part of the article examines very briefly how political scientists have come to understand the functioning of the British electoral process since the Second World War. The second part explores the process of adaptation which has enabled the Conservative Party to dominate British politics since the war.
Local Search in Combinatorial Optimization (2003)

From the Publisher:
In the past three decades local search has grown from a simple heuristic idea into a mature field of research in combinatorial optimization. Local search is still the method of choice for NP-hard problems as it provides a robust approach for obtaining high-quality solutions to problems of a realistic size in a reasonable time. This area of discrete mathematics is of great practical use and is attracting ever increasing attention. The contributions to this book cover local search and its variants from both a theoretical and practical point of view, each with a chapter written by leading authorities on that particular aspect. This book is an important reference volume and an invaluable source of inspiration for advanced students and researchers in discrete mathematics, computer science, operations research, industrial engineering and management science.
Design, synthesis, and testing of antisickling agents. 2. Proline derivatives designed for the donor site (1983)

We have used a three-dimensional model of deoxyhemoglobin to design potential antisickling agents with an intended binding site in the vicinity of the beta-6 mutation (donor site). Two proline derivatives, (4S)-1-butyryl-4-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-L-proline (9a) and its 1-benzoyl analogue (9b), were designed to interact, via ionic or hydrogen bonds, with polar residues beta His-2, beta Thr-4, and beta Lys-132 of hemoglobin S (HbS). Two other proline derivatives containing a salicylate leaving group, (4S)-1-butyryl-4-[(carboxymethyl)methylamino]-L-proline, 2-ester with salicyclic acid (14a), and its 1-benzoyl analogue (14b), were designed to bind covalently to beta Lys-132, as well as to interact with beta His-2 and beta Thr-4 via ionic and hydrogen bonds. This paper describes the synthesis of these agents, beginning with natural L-hydroxyproline methyl ester, and the testing of their ability to increase or decrease the solubility of dHbS by using a standard solubility assay. The covalent derivatives 14a,b were found to be inactive, while the noncovalent compounds 9a,b showed weak antigelling activity, below that observed for phenylalanine. The presence of only weak activity does not invalidate this approach, since only one structural parameter has been investigated.
Low quiescent current capacitor-less LDO regulator with high slew rate super class AB CMOS OTA (2020)

Abstract This paper presents a low quiescent current capacitor-less low-dropout regulator (LDO) with high slew rate super class AB CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The OTA of this design is based on the combination of class AB differential input stages and local common-mode feedback (LCMFB) which provides additional dynamic current boosting, increased gain-bandwidth (GBW) product and slew rate (SR). LCMFB is applied to various class AB differential input stages, leading to different class AB OTA topologies. The design also uses dynamic charging transistor (DCT) to enhance the transient characteristics of the circuit. The presented LDO is fabricated in a 0.18 um standard CMOS process. The circuit consumes a quiescent current of 10 uA at no load, regulating the output at 1.0V with maximum output current of 100mA from a voltage supply of 1.2V. It achieves full range stability from 1mA to 100mA load current at a maximum 100pF load capacitor.
Combining Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Capture with Catalytic Dry Methane Reforming in a Single Reactor for Low-Cost Syngas Production (2016)

We here report a potentially low-cost catalytic dry methane reforming process to make syngas with CO2 electrochemically captured from a CO2 source via a mixed conducting membrane in a single reactor. The mixed conducting electrochemical membrane is a composite comprising an O2–-conductor and molten carbonate phase, where the catalytic bed contains a Ni-MgO-1 wt % Pt (NMP) or LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LNF) catalyst. The reactor with the NMP catalyst generally outperforms the LNF counterpart in CH4 conversion rate and syngas production yield. At 850 °C and over the NMP catalyst, the membrane reactor yields a CO2 permeation flux of 2.25 mL min–1 cm–2, a H2 and CO production rate of 3.75 and 3.24 mL min–1 cm–2, respectively, and a CH4 conversion of 93.9%. The LNF catalyst shows a long activation period due to the slow Ni ex-solution process but does offer a better coking and coarsening resistance. Long-term stability tests show no apparent sign of degradation within 200 h. With 3% H2O added into methane, the reactor can produce a syngas with higher H2/CO ratio preferable for liquid fuels synthesis. Overall, this work demonstrates the technical feasibility of a combined capture and conversion “all-in-one” CO2 reactor for dry reforming of CH4
A TMR Genetic Voting Algorithm for Fault-tolerant Medical Robot (2014)

Safety critical systems are the systems which may lead to hazards, loss of lives and great damage to the property if they fail due to errors which may lead to faults. It's important for a variety of reasons that safety critical systems execute without errors, and we always expect the system must work under any situation. There are different domains in which systems are used that we focused on the biomedical robots and fly by wire systems. A biomedical system is one which interfaces with humans in a medical context. Fly-by-wire (FBW) is a system that replaces the conventional manual flight controls of an aircraft with an electronic interface. This paper presents a layered fault tolerance framework for safety critical systems. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) method with weighted average voter and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used in the sensor section. A voter circuit of the TMR will choose one of three sensor output to be processed further. Application of TMR will tolerate faults in the sensor section. The performance of voting algorithm is computed through a series of fault injection experiments and the results are compared with weighted average voting algorithms. The obtained results of simulating using MATLAB showed that the suggested algorithm gives better safety in comparison to the studied voting algorithms. Therefore, it's the best option for using in the fault tolerance of medical robots and fly-by-wire systems.
The REALAB Project: A New Method for the Formulation of Reference Intervals Based on Current Data (2005)

Reference values derived by retrospective analysis of large samples of data obtained at a given institution are particularly suitable for the evaluation of results for the presenting patient population at that institution.
Physical Basis behind Achondroplasia, the Most Common Form of Human Dwarfism (2010)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in long bone development. The G380R mutation in FGFR3 transmembrane domain is known as the genetic cause for achondroplasia, the most common form of human dwarfism. Despite many studies, there is no consensus about the exact mechanism underlying the pathology. To gain further understanding into the physical basis behind the disorder, here we measure the activation of wild-type and mutant FGFR3 in mammalian cells using Western blots, and we analyze the activation within the frame of a physical-chemical model describing dimerization, ligand binding, and phosphorylation probabilities within the dimers. The data analysis presented here suggests that the mutation does not increase FGFR3 dimerization, as proposed previously. Instead, FGFR3 activity in achondroplasia is increased due to increased probability for phosphorylation of the unliganded mutant dimers. This finding has implications for the design of targeted molecular treatments for achondroplasia.
A weight-based clustering multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2005)

In mobile ad hoc networks, the mobile nodes can move arbitrarily without any centralised management mechanism. The topology of these networks can be very dynamic due to the mobility of mobile nodes. Under such changeable network topology, multicasting in mobile ad hoc networks is more challenging than in the internet. In this paper, we propose a new multicast routing protocol, named weight-based clustering multicast routing protocol (WCMRP), for mobile ad hoc networks. The goal of this work is to improve multicasting performance in mobile ad hoc networks by efficient use of the available knowledge of the network. Simulation results show our protocol can reduce the overhead and packet losses compared to the On-demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP).
Influence of Polyacrylic Ammonium Addition on Submicron Grinding of α-Alumina Powder Using Wet Rotation Ball Milling (1998)

The wet grinding of α-alumina powder with water is known to cause formation of aluminum tri-hydroxide on the particle surface of the powder by mechanochemical effects. The present authors have found that wet submicron-grinding of α-alumina powder using polyacrylic ammonium (PAN) as a dispersant can be performed without generation of hydroxide on the particle surface. In this study, the relationship between the amount of PAN and the formation of aluminum tri-hydroxide in wet rotation ball milling of α-alumina powder using water as a solvent was investigated. Without addition of PAN, hydroxide generated on the particle surface of α-alumina powder after 24-h grinding. On the other hand with the addition of 1.7mass% PAN, hydroxide did not generate after 168-h grinding. PAN was considered to be absorbed onto the AlOH2+ sites of the particle surface of α-alumina powder and, thus, to disturb the generation of hydroxide. Grinding efficiency was not improved by addition of PAN during submicron grinding.
MUTEC: Mutation-based testing of Cross Site Scripting (2009)

Cross Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the worst vulnerabilities that allow malicious attacks such as cookie thefts and Web page defacements. Testing an implementation against XSS vulnerabilities (XSSVs) can avoid these consequences. Obtaining an adequate test data set is essential for testing of XSSVs. An adequate test data set contains effective test cases that can reveal XSSVs. Unfortunately, traditional testing techniques for XSSVs do not address the issue of adequate testing. In this work, we apply the idea of mutation-based testing technique to generate adequate test data sets for testing XSSVs. Our work addresses XSSVs related to Web-applications that use PHP and JavaScript code to generate dynamic HTML contents. We propose 11 mutation operators to force the generation of adequate test data set. A prototype mutation-based testing tool named MUTEC is developed to generate mutants automatically. The proposed operators are validated by using five open source applications having XSSVs. The results indicate that the proposed operators are effective for testing XSSVs.