gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a New NDT Method Using Thermography for Composite Inspection on Aircraft with Portable Military Thermal Imager (2006)

TNDT (Thermal Non Destructive Testing) is now an emerging method that comes out of laboratory since a few years. It is here proposed to investigate, compare and quantify the different possibilities to use thermography in stead of radiography or ultrasonic testing on composite parts in maintenance of aircrafts. The new idea is to use military thermal imagers because the detector is now a very sensitive infrared focal plane array.
Characteristic Analysis of BIPV Module according to Rear Materials (2009)

In 2008, the global photovoltaic(PV) market reached 5.6GW and the cumulative PV power installed totalled almost 15GW compared to 9GW in 2007. Due to a favourable feed-in-tariff, Korea emerged in 2008 as the 4th largest PV market worldwide. PV power installation rose 495.5 percent to 268MW in 2008 compare to 45MW in 2007. Building integrated photovoltaic(BIPV) has the potential to become a major source of renewable energy in the urban environment. BIPV has significant influenced on the reflection by rear materials such as white back sheet and the heat transfer through the building envelope because of the change of the thermal resistance by adding or replacing the building elements. In this study, to use as suitable building materials into environmentally friendly house like green home, characteristic analysis of BIPV module according to rear materials achieved. Electrical output of PV module with white back sheet is high about 10% compared to other pv module because of 83% reflectivity of white back sheet compared to 8.4% reflectivity of other PV modules with different rear materials(black back sheet and glass). In the result of outdoor experiment during a year, electrical output of four different PV module is decreased about 3.72%.
El incumplimiento de los contratos en la propuesta de modernización del Derecho de Obligaciones y Contratos (2011)

El derecho espanol de obligaciones es fruto de una tradicion europea. En el momento actual es necesario revisar las soluciones de nuestro Codigo civil que en algunos puntos se estan demostrando obsoletas. Ello ocurre especialmente con el incumplimiento de las obligaciones, una cuestion extremadamente practica, que presenta importantes vacios. Los Tribunales deben interpretar con criterios actuales unas normas ya anticuadas. La Propuesta de la Comision general de Codificacion se inspira en los modernos textos europeos, que proporcionan un material con soluciones comunes a los paises de la UE y presenta un concepto de incumplimiento moderno y adecuado a la actual sistema juridico.
A Phthalide with in Vitro Growth Inhibitory Activity from an <i>Oidiodendron</i> Strain (2004)

A screening campaign was implemented utilizing capillary electrophoresis as a primary assay to discover binders to the cancer target Akt1 from a crude natural extract library. Fungal extracts with binding activities were characterized for biochemical inhibition of Akt1 to phosphorylate the downstream substrate protein Bad. One of the crude extracts with bioactivity selected for isolation and structure elucidation from fermentation of the fungal culture Oidiodendron sp. F01895 yielded a new trihydroxy phthalide (1). The structure of 1 was determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data along with high-resolution mass spectrometric data. Compound 1 displays inhibition of Akt1 biochemical activity in vitro and confers growth inhibition on some cancer-derived cell lines in culture.
Preparation and properties of optically transparent, pressure‐cured poly(methacrylate) composites (1993)

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop optically transparent glass fiber reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites by matching the refractive index of the glass fiber reinforcement to that of the PMM, A matrix, thereby minimizing the quantity of light which is normally scattered and reflected at the interface of dissimilar materials. A pressure curing process is described for preparing composites 10 by 15 by 0.6 cm thick and containing up to ∼ 35% glass fiber. By curing at 65°C under 6.9 MPa N 2 for 18 H, composites have been produced with optical quality surfaces and flexural strengths more than seven times that of commercial PMMA of the same thickness. A transparent composite containing 10.4 vol% of 13 μm diameter fiber had an 84% optical transmission (92% maximum for PMMA) at 600 nm and 25°C.
A pH sensitive ratiometric fluorophore and its application for monitoring the intracellular and extracellular pHs simultaneously (2012)

Intracellular and extracellular pH plays a key role in many cell biological processes. Probes for simultaneously monitoring the pH change inside and outside living cells are rarely available. In this paper, we describe a new ratiometric pH fluorophore that was synthesized by condensation of 4-bromine-1,8-naphthalimides and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. In the range of pH 5-8, the only N-H in the heterocycle-fused aromatic ring system of this fluorophore undergoes a reversible deprotonation-protonation process, which results in a large red shift of the absorption and emission spectra. In aqueous solution, this fluorophore exhibits good pH selectivity, high photostability, high tolerance to ionic strength, and high fluorescence quantum yield in both the acid and base forms. A long chain derivative of this fluorophore (HNNA) was designed for cellular pH sensing. HNNA was found to locate on the membrane structure of the cells, and was successfully used for mapping the pH change in both the extracellular microenvironment and the inner cells by confocal imaging.
Parallelizing Kernel Polynomial Method Applying Graphics Processing Units (2012)

The Kernel Polynomial Method (KPM) is one of the fast diagonalization methods used for simulations of quantum systems in research fields of condensed matter physics and chemistry. The algorithm has a difficulty to be parallelized on a cluster computer or a supercomputer due to the fine-grain recursive calculations. This paper proposes an implementation of the KPM on the recent graphics processing units (GPU) where the recursive calculations are able to be parallelized in the massively parallel environment. This paper also describes performance evaluations regarding the cases when the actual simulation parameters are applied, where one parameter is applied for the increased intensive calculations and another is applied for the increased amount of memory usage. Moreover, the impact for applying the Compress Row Storage (CRS) format to the KPM algorithm is also discussed. Finally, it concludes that the performance on the GPU promises very high performance compared to the one on CPU and reduces the overall simulation time.
The optimal form for coreless inductors (1989)

A fundamental problem of inductor design is to obtain the greatest possible inductance with a piece of round wire. The optimal design is a solenoid with many layers of circular turns, and the maximum inductance scales with the five-thirds power of the total length of wire used. For practical reasons other design types, including solenoids and toroids, also are commonly used. These may have one, few, or many layers, and all have optimal forms with associated scaling rules. By describing the class of coreless inductors in a common notation, a significant unification of design is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient and Copper-Free Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/DABCO-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction (2005)

An efficient and copper-free palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction protocol is presented. In the presence of 3 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 6 mol% of DABCO, cross-coupling of various aryl halides (iodides and bromides) with terminal alkynes afforded the corresponding alkynes in moderate to excellent­ yields. Moreover, high TONs (turnover numbers, up to 720 000 for the reaction of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene with phenylacetylene) for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction were observed.
Natural hydrogen treatment effect during formation of double amorphous silicon-carbide p layer structures producing high-efficiency <i>pin</i>-type amorphous silicon solar cells (2005)

We proposed a double p-type amorphous silicon-carbide (p-a-SiC:H) layer structure to improve the p∕i interface of pin-type amorphous silicon based solar cells. We found a natural hydrogen treatment involving an etch of the defective undiluted p-a-SiC:H window layer before the hydrogen-diluted p-a-SiC:H buffer layer deposition and an improvement of the order in the window layer. It is beneficial to increase overall solar cell parameters by successfully reducing recombination at the p∕i interface.
Products and application technology (1996)

Butter (D. Hettinga). Margarines and Spreads (M. Chrysam). Shortening: Science and Technology (D. Metzroth) Shortening: Types and Formulations (R. O'Brien). Cooking Oils, Salad Oils, and Oil-Based Dressings (R. Krishnamurthy & V. Witte). Marine Oils (G. Pigott). Fats in Feedstuffs and Pet Foods (E. Lusas & M. Riaz). Oils and Fats in Bakery Products (C. Stauffer). Oils and Fats in Confections (R. Wainwright). Oils and Fats in Snack Foods (B. Gebhardt). Frying Technology (M. Blumenthal). Emulsifiers for the Food Industry (C. Stauffer). Antioxidants: Technical and Regulatory Considerations (D. Pratt). Index.
[Endoureteropyelotomy in impassable stenosis of the pyeloureteral junction: instrumental conversion of the stenosis into an intrapelvic ureterocele]. (1989)

The authors describe a new endourological procedure for resolving cases of stenosis of the impassable ureteropyelic union. The procedure consists in raising the pyeloureteral union by means of a Chevassu's catheter equipped with its wire guide, introduced backwards into the ureter and which, when pushed externally, situates the ureteropyelic union by way of intrapyelic ureterocele. We then proceed to the lengthwise cutting of this ureterocele under nephroscopic view until the ureteral catheter is exposed. With this procedure a successful solution is provided for those cases that were debarred from endourological surgery because the tutor catheter was unable to pass.
“Assisted Resonance” in The Royal Festival Hall, London: 1965–1969 (1970)

In 1964 an electronic system (“assisted resonance”) to lengthen the reverberation time over a limited frequency range was installed experimentally in the Royal Festival Hall, London. Following the success of this experimental installation, the frequency range covered was extended (to 58–700 Hz) and the installation made permanent. This paper describes the installation and operation of the permanent system, and its objective and subjective effects. Typically, the reverberation time in the empty auditorium has been increased in the 125-Hz octave band from 1.4 to 2.5 sec.
Improved name recognition with meta-data dependent name networks (2004)

A transcription system that requires accurate general name transcription is faced with the problem of covering the large number of names it may encounter, Without any prior knowledge, this requires a large increase in the size and complexity of the system due to the expansion of the lexicon. Furthermore, this increase will adversely affect the system performance due to the increased confusability. Here we propose a method that uses meta-data, available at runtime to ensure better name coverage without significantly increasing the system complexity. We tested this approach on a voicemail transcription task and assumed meta-data to be available in the form of a caller ID string (as it would show up on a caller ID enabled telephone) and the name of the mailbox owner. Networks representing possible spoken realization of those names are generated at runtime and included in the network of the decoder. The decoder network is built at training time using a class-dependent language model, with caller and mailbox name instances modeled as class tokens. The class tokens are replaced at test time with the name networks built from the meta-data. The proposed algorithm showed a reduction in the error rate of name tokens of 22.1%.
Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis: A Review of Applications across Various Platforms for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging (2013)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are brightly luminescent nanoparticles that have found numerous applications in bioanalysis and bioimaging. In this review, we highlight recent developments in these areas in the context of specific methods for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Following a primer on the structure, properties, and biofunctionalization of QDs, we describe select examples of how QDs have been used in combination with steady-state or time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to develop a variety of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors that function via changes in QD photoluminescence intensity, polarization, or lifetime. Some special attention is paid to the use of Förster resonance energy transfer-type methods in bioanalysis, including those based on bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Direct chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and charge transfer quenching are similarly discussed. We further describe the combination of QDs and flow cytometry, including traditional cellular analyses and spectrally encoded barcode-based assay technologies, before turning our attention to enhanced fluorescence techniques based on photonic crystals or plasmon coupling. Finally, we survey the use of QDs across different platforms for biological fluorescence imaging, including epifluorescence, confocal, and two-photon excitation microscopy; single particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; super-resolution imaging; near-field scanning optical microscopy; and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. In each of the above-mentioned platforms, QDs provide the brightness needed for highly sensitive detection, the photostability needed for tracking dynamic processes, or the multiplexing capacity needed to elucidate complex systems. There is a clear synergy between advances in QD materials and spectroscopy and imaging techniques, as both must be applied in concert to achieve their full potential.
Expression of Tiam1 predicts lymph node metastasis and poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients (2014)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1377798917111123.
The Vabra aspirator versus the Pipelle device for outpatient endometrial sampling (2007)

This study proved that the Vabra aspirator was not as effective as the Pipelle device in obtaining endometrial tissue for histological diagnosis. Despite its higher price per unit, the Pipelle device was a more cost-effective tool for outpatient endometrial assessment.
N-linked oligosaccharides play a role in disulphide-dependent dimerization of intestinal mucin Muc2 (2003)

Within the C-terminal domain of many secretory mucins is a 'cystine knot' (CK), which is needed for dimer formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies indicate that in addition to an unpaired cysteine, the three intramolecular cystine bonds of the knot are important for stability of the dimers formed by rat intestinal mucin Muc2. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the two N-glycans N9 and N10, located near the first and second cysteines of the knot, also play a role in dimer formation. The C-terminal domain of rat Muc2 (RMC), a truncated RMC mutant containing the CK, and mutants lacking N9 and N10 sites, were expressed in COS-1 cells and the products monitored by radioactive [(35)S]Met/Cys metabolic pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation. Mutation of N9, but not N10, caused increased synthesis of dimers over a 2-h chase period. The N9 mutant remained associated with calreticulin for a prolonged period. About 34-38% of the total labelled products of RMC and its mutants was secreted into the media by 2 h, but the proportion in dimer form was dramatically reduced for the N9 mutant, suggesting lower dimer stability relative to RMC or its N10 mutant. We conclude that under normal conditions the presence of the N9 glycan functions to maintain a folding rate for mucin monomers that is sufficiently slow to allow structural maturation and stability of Muc2 dimers. To our knowledge this report is the first demonstration that a specific N-glycan plays a definitive role in mucin dimer formation.
Appetite Suppression and Weight Reduction by a Centrally Active Aminosterol (2002)

The rise in obesity and its complications has generated enormous interest in the regulation of feeding and body weight. We show that a spermine metabolite of cholesterol (MSI-1436) decreases body weight, specifically fat, by suppressing feeding and preventing the reduction in energy expenditure, hormonal changes, and patterns of neuropeptide expression normally associated with weight loss. MSI-1436 enters the brain after peripheral injection and is more potent when injected into the cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricular [ICV]). Systemic or ICV MSI-1436 administration induced similar patterns of Fos immunoreactivity in the brain, especially the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). This brain region integrates neural signals from hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei and regulates feeding behavior, autonomic function, and neuroendocrine function. Microinjection of MSI-1436 into the PVN potently suppressed feeding and reduced body weight for several days. Unlike caloric restriction, MSI-1436 decreased mRNA levels of agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus. These findings indicate that MSI-1436 acts in the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure, likely through suppression of orexigenic hypothalamic pathways.
Fault-based test generation for cause-effect graphs (1993)

The notion of cause-effect graphs (CEGs) has been used for the specification and test generation of a software system. In this paper, we present a fault-based approach to test generation for CEGs, called BOR (boolean operator) testing, which is based on the detection of boolean operator faults. We show how to generate a minimum BOR test set for a CEG and how to evaluate an existing test set for a CEG in order to determine whether additional tests are necessary for BOR testing. We have applied BOR testing to a CEG that specifies a real-time boiler control and monitoring system. The results of our empirical studies indicate that CEG-based BOR testing is very practical and effective.
The Use of Resorbable Spacers for Nasal Spreader Grafts (2000)

The concept and technique of the use of resorbable synthetic material for nasal spreader grafts are presented. The material is felt to be particularly useful in revision rhinoplasty, in which the likelihood of internal valve collapse is high and the septum (the most common source of material for spreader grafts) often has already been harvested. The material used is a commercially available polymer of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, Lactosorb. It is supplied as a mesh sheet that can be cut to an appropriate size for spreader grafts. Although the material absorbs after approximately 12 months, it is believed that this is sufficient time for the upper lateral cartilages to be stabilized by fibrosis in their new position and to maintain the appropriate internal valve angle. This material was used on 10 patients with valvular collapse undergoing secondary rhinoplasty. In follow-up observations ranging from 12 to 18 months, there has been no recurrence of airway obstruction.
An Integrated Electronic Ballast for High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps (2008)

This paper proposed a high power density integrated electronic ballast for low wattage high intensity discharge (HID) lamp. Packaging and integration technologies are explored to fully utilize the three-dimensional space, therefore to improve the power density of the system. This paper focuses on the implementation of power passive integration, including the integrated EMI filter, the integrated LC series resonator serving as the ignitor, and integrated LC output filter. Combining active integration technologies, the proposed integrated ballast is projected to achieve doubled power density compared with the discrete implememtation. A prototype with integrated passive components was developed, and the preliminary experimental results show that the integrated ballast can achieve almost same electrical performance as the discrete ballast.
Oxalic Acid-Induced Modifications of Postglycation Activity of Lysozyme and Its Glycoforms (2010)

The role of selected carboxylic acids and their potential to influence the glycation pattern and the enzymatic activity of lysozyme using glucose and ribose were investigated independently of the pH of the reaction medium. The model systems were incubated with and without selected carboxylic acids (maleic, acetic, oxalic, and citraconic) at 50 degrees C for 12 or 24 and 48 h at constant pH of 6.5. The effect of carboxylic acids on the glycation of lysozyme was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and by the measurement of the residual enzyme activity of lysozyme in the glycated samples. Of the carboxylic acids evaluated, oxalic acid showed the highest antiglycation activity. The residual lysozyme activity in both oxalic acid-glucose and oxalic acid-ribose systems was >80% compared with 46 and 36% activity in the controls of glucose and ribose systems, respectively. On the other hand, maleic, acetic, and citraconic acid containing systems with both sugars did not exhibit any enhanced enzyme activity relative to the controls. The results of this study show that oxalic acid was unique among the carboxylic acids evaluated with respect to its ability to interact with sugars and inhibit glycation.
A new acquisition mode for 2D inflow refreshment angiography (1991)

Time-of-flight angiography methods rely on blood/tissue contrast generated when fresh blood spins enter a partially saturated region. A series of projective angiographic views is generated by application of a maximum intensity projection algorithm to data acquired from a 3D volume. When the data are acquired as a set of 2D slices, the angiograms exhibit sensitivity to body motion, resulting in the generation of artifacts. We present a new 2D time-of-flight angiographic technique, STREAM, Suppressed Tissue with Refreshment Angiography Method. It exhibits low sensitivity to internal body motion, thus allowing acquisition of good quality, single average angiograms. To suppress the static tissue signal a unique "active" suppression strategy is employed. Additionally, to further suppress the lipid signal, the chemical-shift phenomenon is exploited in the STREAM sequence.