gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Costimulation by B7 Modulates Specificity of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: A Missing Link That Explains Some Bystander T Cell Activation (1997)

It has been proposed that some bystander T cell activation may in fact be due to T cell antigen receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). However, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no TCR ligand is known to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector CTL. Here we report that transgenic T cells expressing a T cell receptor to influenza virus A/NT/68 nucleoprotein (NP) 366-374:Db complexes clonally expand and become effector CTLs in response to homologous peptides from either A/PR8/34 (H1N1), A/AA/60 (H2N2), or A/NT/68 (H3N2). However, the effector T cells induced by each of the three peptides kill target cells pulsed with NP peptides from the H3N2 and H2N2 viruses, but not from the H1N1 virus. Thus, NP366-374 from influenza virus H1N1 is the first TCR ligand that can induce T cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by CTLs. Since induction of T cell proliferation was mediated by antigen-presenting cells that express costimulatory molecules such as B7, we investigated if cytolysis of H1N1 NP peptide-pulsed targets can be restored by expressing B7-1 on the target cells. Our results revealed that this is the case. These data demonstrated that costimulatory molecule B7 modulates antigen specificity of CTLs, and provides a missing link that explains some of the bystander T cell activation.
Kinetic roughening during rare-gas homoepitaxy (2000)

Using an optical-reflectivity-difference technique, we monitored the growth of multilayer Xe films on a commensurate monolayer of Xe on Ni(111) from 35 to 60 K. A transition occurs near 40 K from rough growth at low temperature to quasi-layer-by-layer growth characterized by persistent oscillations in the reflectivity difference. We discuss this transition in terms of changes in the island formation process and the onset of second-layer nucleation. The Xe sticking coefficient at 40 K is obtained from the period of the oscillations in the reflectivity difference. We find that the sticking coefficient decreases with increasing film thickness at fixed Xe pressure.
Impact of decentralized adaptive frequency allocation on the system performance of HIPERLAN/2 (2002)

Currently ETSI/BRAN develops standards for HLPERLAN/2, a wireless LAN operating in the 5 GHz band and supporting broadband multimedia communication. The standard supports adaptive frequency allocation (AFA) by protocols for field strength measurements and reports. This paper shows simulation results for a decentralized AFA autonomously operating in each access point and using field strength measurements for the decision of frequency selections. The performance of individual cells and the system as a whole is assessed for start-up, system extension and time varying traffic load scenarios.
Java 2 Micro Edition for Wireless Enterprise (2005)

For the last couple of years, the wireless industry has been experiencing tremendous growth. Wireless devices have become more intelligent and are providing a new notion of communication. It is now possible to conduct business using the wireless network that will greatly improve the speed and quality of the business.
Ectopic expression of a recessive resistance gene generates dominant potyvirus resistance in plants (2007)

Despite long-standing plant breeding investments and early successes in genetic engineering, plant viral pathogens still cause major losses in agriculture worldwide.Early transgenic approaches involved the expression of pathogen-derived sequences that provided limited protection against relatively narrow ranges of viral pathotypes. In contrast,this study demonstrates that the ectopic expression of pvr1, a recessive gene from Capsicum chinense, results in dominant broad-spectrum potyvirus resistance in transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The pvr1 locus in pepper encodes the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. Naturally occurring point mutations at this locus result in monogenic recessive broad-spectrum potyvirus resistance that has been globally deployed via plant breeding programmes for more than 50 years. Transgenic tomato progenies that over-expressed the Capsicum pvr1 allele showed dominant resistance to several tobacco etch virus strains and other potyviruses, including pepper mottle virus, a range of protection similar to that observed in pepper homozygous for the pvr1 allele.
HairNet: Single-View Hair Reconstruction using Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

We introduce a deep learning-based method to generate full 3D hair geometry from an unconstrained image. Our method can recover local strand details and has real-time performance. State-of-the-art hair modeling techniques rely on large hairstyle collections for nearest neighbor retrieval and then perform ad-hoc refinement. Our deep learning approach, in contrast, is highly efficient in storage and can run 1000 times faster while generating hair with 30K strands. The convolutional neural network takes the 2D orientation field of a hair image as input and generates strand features that are evenly distributed on the parameterized 2D scalp. We introduce a collision loss to synthesize more plausible hairstyles, and the visibility of each strand is also used as a weight term to improve the reconstruction accuracy. The encoder-decoder architecture of our network naturally provides a compact and continuous representation for hairstyles, which allows us to interpolate naturally between hairstyles. We use a large set of rendered synthetic hair models to train our network. Our method scales to real images because an intermediate 2D orientation field, automatically calculated from the real image, factors out the difference between synthetic and real hairs. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method on a wide range of challenging real Internet pictures and show reconstructed hair sequences from videos.
THE INCIDENCE OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN CASES OF MILD ILLNESS DURING A SEVERE URBAN EPIDEMIC12 (1949)

Journal Article THE INCIDENCE OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN CASES OF MILD ILLNESS DURING A SEVERE URBAN EPIDEMIC Get access GORDON C. BROWN, GORDON C. BROWN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN D. AINSLIE, JOHN D. AINSLIE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar THOMAS FRANCIS, JR. THOMAS FRANCIS, JR. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 49, Issue 2, March 1949, Pages 194–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119270 Published: 01 March 1949 Article history Received: 24 January 1949 Published: 01 March 1949
Determination of the complete genomic DNA sequence of <i>Thermoplasma volcanium</i> GSS1 (1999)

The complete genomic DNA sequence of the aero/anaero-facultative archaebacterium, Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1, has been determined. A number of DNA fragments were cloned by using the λ, cosmid, and BAC systems, and sequenced. The remaining 30 gaps were bridged by DNA fragments constructed using the polymerase chain reaction. The repetition in sequencing the same base positions was 13.1±7.5 fold. The alignment of the DNA fragments and the completeness of the genomic sequence were confirmed by the consistency of the genomic sequence with the lengths and partial sequences of a second set of DNA fragments that altogether covered 88% of the genome. The number of bases found in the genomic sequence is 1, 584, 799, with a G/C content of 39.9%. The combination of the four types of bases in the new genomic sequence is compared with those in known genomic sequences of similar sizes.
Discovery of<i>N</i>-(4-(3-Amino-1<i>H</i>-indazol-4-yl)phenyl)-<i>N</i>‘-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)urea (ABT-869), a 3-Aminoindazole-Based Orally Active Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (2007)

In our continued efforts to search for potent and novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors as potential anticancer agents, we discovered, through a structure-based design, that 3-aminoindazole could serve as an efficient hinge-binding template for kinase inhibitors. By incorporating an N,N'-diaryl urea moiety at the C4-position of 3-aminodazole, a series of RTK inhibitors were generated, which potently inhibited the tyrosine kinase activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor families. A number of compounds with potent oral activity were identified by utilizing an estradiol-induced mouse uterine edema model and an HT1080 human fibrosarcoma xenograft tumor model. In particular, compound 17p (ABT-869) was found to possess favorable pharmacokinetic profiles across different species and display significant tumor growth inhibition in multiple preclinical animal models.
An Adaptive Reclosure Scheme for Parallel Transmission Lines With Shunt Reactors (2015)

A new reclosure scheme applied to parallel transmission lines with shunt reactors is proposed to improve the adaptability of the autoreclosure. Detailed analysis of the fault phase voltage is performed to derive the criteria to distinguish the temporary fault from the permanent fault. For different types of ground faults, the integral of the fault phase's recovery voltage is used to identify the permanent grounded faults. For different types of cross-line ungrounded faults, the integral of the β modulus of the fault phase's recovery voltage is used to identify the permanent cross-line ungrounded faults. Besides, the phase reclosure sequence principle is used for all fault types. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified by the digital and analog simulation test for a 500-kV parallel transmission line with shunt reactors for several cases on different fault types and fault conditions. The Electromagnetic Transients Program-based and physical analog simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective.
Bone Marrow Transplantation (1998)

This handbook is a therapeutic manual designed as a quick, practical guide and reference for house officers, fellows, pharmacists and nurses on the bone marrow transplant unit. Indications, complications, drug doses and approaches to clinical management problems are emphasized. Diseases requiring bone marrow transplants are reviewed along with pati
Quantum dots for next-generation photovoltaics (2012)

Colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures are an emerging class of functional material that are being developed for novel solar energy conversion strategies. One of the largest losses in a bulk or thin film solar cell occurs within a few picoseconds after the photon is absorbed, as photons with energy larger than the semiconductor bandgap produce charge-carriers with excess kinetic energy, which is then dissipated via phonon emission. Semiconductor nanostructures, where at least one dimension is small enough to produce quantum confinement effects, provide new pathways for controlling energy flow and therefore have the potential to increase the efficiency of the primary photoconversion step. In this review, we provide the current status of research efforts towards utilizing the unique properties of colloidal quantum dots (nanocrystals confined in three dimensions) in prototype solar cells and demonstrate that these unique systems have the potential to bypass the Shockley-Queisser single-junction limit for solar photon conversion.
The control of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using avermectin B1 as a root dip. (1989)

L'immersion de racines des semis de tomates dans une solution d'avermectine B1 a 1 mg/litre reduit le nombre de galles et de nematodes sur les racines des plantes traitees jusqu'a 20 jours. Le traitement differe l'invasion des racines traitees et le developpement des nematodes est retarde. L'efficacite du traitement decroit avec le temps, probablement a cause de la disparition du produit
An Adaptive Sampling System for Sensor Nodes in Body Area Networks (2009)

The importance of body sensor networks to monitor patients over a prolonged period of time has increased with an advance in home healthcare applications. Sensor nodes need to operate with very low-power consumption and under the constraint of limited memory capacity. Therefore, it is wasteful to digitize the sensor signal at a constant sample rate, given that the frequency contents of the signals vary with time. Adaptive sampling is established as a practical method to reduce the sample data volume. In this paper a low-power analog system is proposed, which adjusts the converter clock rate to perform a peak-picking algorithm on the second derivative of the input signal. The presented implementation does not require an analog-to-digital converter or a digital processor in the sample selection process. The criteria for selecting a suitable detection threshold are discussed, so that the maximum sampling error can be limited. A circuit level implementation is presented. Measured results exhibit a significant reduction in the average sample frequency and data rate of over 50% and 38% respectively.
Mechanical properties and stabilities of α-boron monolayers (2014)

We investigate the mechanical properties and stabilities of planar α-boron monolayers under various large strains using density functional theory (DFT). α-Boron has a high in-plane stiffness, about 2/3 of that of graphene, which suggests that α-boron is four times as strong as iron. Potential profiles and stress-strain curves indicate that a free standing α-boron monolayer can sustain large tensile strains, up to 0.12, 0.16, and 0.18 for armchair, zigzag, and biaxial deformations, respectively. Third, fourth, and fifth order elastic constants are indispensable for accurate modeling of the mechanical properties under strains larger than 0.02, 0.06, and 0.08 respectively. Second order elastic constants, including in-plane stiffness, are predicted to monotonically increase with pressure, while the trend of Poisson's ratio is reversed. The surface sound speeds of both the compressional and shear waves increase with pressure. The ratio of these two sound speeds increases with the increase of pressure and converges to a value of 2.5. Our results imply that α-boron monolayers are mechanically stable under various large strains and have advanced mechanical properties - high strength and high flexibility.
A Partially Male Sterile Strain of Soybean<sup>1</sup> (1970)

A partially male sterile strain of soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, was found in Arkansas in 1964. Grafts involving partially sterile and fertile plants indicated that this character likely was genetically controlled. Only 5 to 10% of pollen from the partially sterile strain appeared to be viable when stained with aceto‐carmine and glycerine. Plants of the F~ generation from a cross between a partially sterile and a fertile strain were completely fertile. Segregation occurred in the F~o generation and gave further evidence for dominance of fertility over partial sterility. Natural cross‐pollination estimates of 11.21% and 0.26% were obtained for the partially sterile and fertile strains, respectively.
A convenient synthesis of human calcitonin mainly <i>via</i> the repetitive excess mixed anhydride method (1979)

Abstract The synthesis is described of the sequence containing 32 amino acid residues proposed for human calcitonin (HCT), presumably a thyroid hormone (Fig. 1) 4 . Our strategy employed the coupling of four fragments: 1–7 (with closed disulfide bridge), 8‐10, 11‐19 and 20‐32 via the azide or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCI) method. With the exception of two DCCI couplings (Asn 3 and Asn 17 ), these fragments were prepared exclusively by stepwise synthesis via the repetitive excess mixed anhydride (REMA) méthod (Fig. 2). Removal in one operation of all protecting groups with cold concentrated hydrochloric acid and chromatographic purification afforded HCT with full hypocalcemic potency (Table 1).
The Ceiling Jet In Fires (1991)

The steady fire-produced ceiling jet in an open ended corridor is examined with a simplified "top hat" theory. At a corridor open end, the hot fluid accelerates upward producing a Richardson Number equal to 1 for tranquil flow as the flow control. Friction satisfies this condition by upstream waves with a hydraulic jump, if necessary. Entrainment has qualitatively the same result, but with quantitative differences. Heat transfer at low friction causes the Richardson Number and depth to rise. The manner of adjustment to Ri = 1 at an open end needs further study.
Anytime Active Learning (2014)

A common bottleneck in deploying supervised learning systems is collecting human-annotated examples. In many domains, annotators form an opinion about the label of an example incrementally -- e.g., each additional word read from a document or each additional minute spent inspecting a video helps inform the annotation. In this paper, we investigate whether we can train learning systems more efficiently by requesting an annotation before inspection is fully complete -- e.g., after reading only 25 words of a document. While doing so may reduce the overall annotation time, it also introduces the risk that the annotator might not be able to provide a label if interrupted too early. We propose an anytime active learning approach that optimizes the annotation time and response rate simultaneously. We conduct user studies on two document classification datasets and develop simulated annotators that mimic the users. Our simulated experiments show that anytime active learning outperforms several baselines on these two datasets. For example, with an annotation budget of one hour, training a classifier by annotating the first 25 words of each document reduces classification error by 17% over annotating the first 100 words of each document.
Antisense oligonucleotides effectively inhibit the co‐transcriptional splicing of a <i>Candida</i> group I intron in vitro and in vivo: Implications for antifungal therapeutics (2009)

Self-splicing of group I intron from the 26S rRNA of Candida albicans is essential for maturation of the host RNA. Here, we demonstrated that the co-transcriptional splicing of the intron in vitro was blocked by antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) targeting the P3-P7 core of the intron. The core-targeted AON effectively and specifically inhibited the intron splicing from its host RNA in living C. albicans. Furthermore, flow cytometry experiments showed that the growth inhibition was caused by a fungicidal effect. For the first time, we showed that an AON targeting the ribozyme core folding specifically inhibits the endogenous ribozyme splicing in living cells and specifically kills the intron-containing fungal strains, which sheds light on the development of antifungal drugs in the future.
A novel digital FM receiver for mobile and personal communications (1996)

A digital baseband receiver called zero-intermediate frequency zero-crossing demodulator (ZIFZCD) was developed for digital FM signal detection. ZIFZCD is applicable to many worldwide mobile and personal communications systems. In addition, ZIFZCD offers lower power consumption and simpler implementation, compared to the conventional analog implementation [e.g., a limiter-discriminator integrator and dump (LDI)] and the conventional digital implementation [e.g., the cross-differentiate-multiply demodulator (CDM)]. This paper introduces the ZIFZCD and reports the bit-error rate (BER) of the ZIFZCD under both static and fading environments. The analyzed and simulated BER results show that the ZIFZCD is comparable to the conventional CDM for narrowband digital FM with a modulation index of 0.5, and the ZIFZCD is significantly better than the CDM for wideband digital FM with a modulation index larger than 1.5.
Extrajugular pathways of human cerebral venous blood drainage assessed by duplex ultrasound (2003)

Cerebral venous drainage in humans is thought to be ensured mainly via the internal jugular veins (IJVs). However, anatomic, angiographic, and ultrasound studies suggest that the vertebral venous system serves as an important alternative drainage route. We assessed venous blood volume flow in vertebral veins (VVs) and IJVs of 12 healthy volunteers using duplex ultrasound. Measurements were performed at rest and during a transient bilateral IJV and a circular neck compression. Total venous blood volume flow at rest was 766 +/- 226 ml/min (IJVs: 720 +/- 232, VVs: 47 +/- 33 ml/min). During bilateral IJV compression, VV flow increased to 128 +/- 64 ml/min. Circular neck compression, causing an additional deep cervical vein obstruction, led to a further rise in VV volume flow (186 +/- 70 ml/min). As the observed flow increase did not compensate for IJV flow cessation, other parts of the vertebral venous system, like the intraspinal epidural veins and the deep cervical veins, have to be considered as additional alternative drainage pathways.
The Disposition Effect and Momentum (2002)

Prior experimental and empirical research documents that many investors have a lower propensity to sell those stocks on which they have a capital loss. This behavioral phenomenon, known as "the disposition effect," has implications for equilibrium prices. We investigate the temporal pattern of stock prices in an equilibrium that aggregates the demand functions of both rational and disposition investors. The disposition effect creates a spread between a stock's fundamental value --the stock price that would exist in the absence of a disposition effect --and its market price. Even when a stock's fundamental value follows a random walk, and thus is unpredictable, its equilibrium price will tend to underreact to information. Spread convergence, arising from the random evolution of fundamental values, generates predictable equilibrium prices. This convergence implies that stocks with large past price runups and stocks on which most investors experienced capital gains have higher expected returns that those that have experienced large declines and capital losses. The profitability of a momentum strategy, which makes use of this spread, depends on the path of past stock prices. Crosssectional empirical tests of the model find that stocks with large aggregate unrealized capital gains tend to have higher expected returns than stocks with large aggregate unrealized capital losses and that this capital gains "overhang" appears to be the key variable that generates the profitability of a momentum strategy. When this capital gains variable is used as a regressor along with past returns and volume to predict future returns, the momentum effect disappears.
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene as a Microvascular Graft (1985)

The utility for a prosthetic microvascular graft is well demonstrated, but previous studies have been inconclusive. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) has been most widely tested as a prosthetic graft. Polytetrafluoroethylene is composed of transverse nodules connected by long fibrils. This study evaluates the effect of fibril length on observed patency in a 1-mm inner-diameter system. Fibril lengths tested were 30, 60, 90, and 120 micron. One-hundred and sixty-three grafts were implanted in the abdominal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats by a single surgeon using a standardized technique. No anticoagulants were used. Grafts were harvested at predetermined times and evaluated macroscopically, by scanning electron microscope, and by standard histology. The highest patency observed was 97.7 percent in the 90-micron fibril-length grafts. Fibril morphology also affected patency. Increased patency was associated with an amorphous fibril pattern. The graft functioned as a matrix for the formation of a pseudoartery, complete with monocell-thick intima and smooth-muscle media. A foreign-body reaction was observed in the 60-micron fibril-length graft only. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene does show promise as a microvascular graft. Both fibril length and morphology affect observed patency.