gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Densification of radio frequency sputtered silicon oxide films by rapid thermal annealing (1998)

A study of the densification of radio frequency sputtered silicon oxide films by rapid thermal annealing was undertaken using both physical (etching, refractive index, and density calculation) and structural [infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] techniques. It was discovered that the etch rate of annealed films is reduced drastically, compared with as-deposited films and that the refractive index increases with increasing annealing temperature (Tp) or annealing time (tp). The film density also increases as Tp or tp increases and we conclude that annealed films have become denser as compared to the as-deposited films. We also suggest that increasing tp would be more efficient than raising Tp for film densification. Infrared spectrum analysis results show that with increasing Tp or tp, strain in the films has become more relaxed, and a significant amount of the surface hydroxyl groups in the annealed films was removed. The XPS analysis results show that a substantial amount of suboxide species exist within 30–40 Å of the oxide at the Si–SiO2 interface and that the Si–SiO2 interface is not abrupt.
Nematode resistance in peaches: Resistance to two widespread species of root-knot nematode ranged from almost immunity to none in peach seedling study (1956)

Two species of gall-forming root-knot nematodes—Meloidogyne incognita var. acrita and M. javanica—seem to be the most widespread of several kinds that parasitize California peaches. Consequently, first efforts toward selection of nematode-resistant rootstocks have been directed against these nematodes.
Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue (2004)

Traditional mechanistic accounts of language processing derive almost entirely from the study of monologue. Yet, the most natural and basic form of language use is dialogue. As a result, these accounts may only offer limited theories of the mechanisms that underlie language processing in general. We propose a mechanistic account of dialogue, the interactive alignment account, and use it to derive a number of predictions about basic language processes. The account assumes that, in dialogue, the linguistic representations employed by the interlocutors become aligned at many levels, as a result of a largely automatic process. This process greatly simplifies production and comprehension in dialogue. After considering the evidence for the interactive alignment model, we concentrate on three aspects of processing that follow from it. It makes use of a simple interactive inference mechanism, enables the development of local dialogue routines that greatly simplify language processing, and explains the origins of self-monitoring in production. We consider the need for a grammatical framework that is designed to deal with language in dialogue rather than monologue, and discuss a range of implications of the account.
Hybrid in-memory and on-disk tables for speeding-up table accesses (2010)

Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with selectivity for abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (c-Abl), breakpoint cluster region (Bcr)-Abl fusion protein (Bcr-Abl), mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (c-Kit), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Previous studies demonstrated that imatinib in the low micromolar range exerted antiproliferative effects on neuroblastoma cell lines. However, although neuroblastoma cells express c-Kit and PDGFR, the imatinib concentrations required to achieve significant growth inhibitory effects (≥ 10 μM) are substantially higher than those required for inhibition of ligand-induced phosphorylation of wild type c-Kit and PDGFR (≤ 1 μM), suggesting that additional mechanisms are responsible for the antitumor activity of imatinib on these cells. In this study, we show that treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with 1-15 μM imatinib resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into newly synthesized DNA. The antiproliferative effect of imatinib was dependent on the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27(KIP1) in the nuclear compartment as a result of increased p27(KIP1) protein stability. We demonstrate that the mechanism of p27(KIP1) stabilization relied on inhibition of p27(KIP1) phosphorylation on tyrosine residues by c-Abl. We provide evidence that in neuroblastoma cell lines a significant fraction of cellular c-Abl is phosphorylated on Tyr-245, consistent with an open and active conformation. Notably, exposure to imatinib did not affect Tyr-245 phosphorylation. Given the low affinity of active c-Abl for imatinib, these data provide a molecular explanation for the relatively high imatinib concentrations required to inhibit neuroblastoma cell proliferation.
The free oscillations of a buckled panel (1956)

The non-linear equations of motion of a buckled, two-dimensional panel are formulated in dimensionless form. A Fourier expansion in the space variable is introduced and an approximate solution is obtained for the period of free oscillation on the assumption of only two degrees of freedom, one of which is eliminated by the buckling constraint. The periods of the simplest asymmetric and symmetric modes are plotted as a function of the energy level. It is found that for very small energy levels the period of the buckled panel lies between the periods of the (two) unbuckled degrees of freedom. As the energy is increased the period approaches infinity at some critical energy level and thereafter decreases monotonically.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of 2‐Nitrosoadenosine. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Cytoplasmic Acyl-Protein Thioesterase That Removes Palmitate from G Protein α Subunits and p21RAS (1998)

Thioacylation is one of a handful of reversible covalent protein modifications, but the enzymes responsible for addition and removal of long chain fatty acids from protein cysteine residues in vivo have not yet been identified. The alpha subunits of some heterotrimeric G proteins cycle between thioacylated and deacylated states in a receptor-regulated fashion. We have identified, purified, and characterized an enzyme acyl-protein thioesterase that deacylates Galpha proteins and at least some other thioacyl protein substrates, including Ha-RAS. The action of this enzyme on thioacylated heterotrimeric Gs is regulated by activation of the G protein. Although native and recombinant acyl-protein thioesterases act as both acyl-protein thioesterases and lysophospholipases in vitro, we demonstrate by transfection that the enzyme can accelerate the turnover of thioacyl groups on Gsalpha in vivo.
Status of the Industrial Applications of the Active Magnetic Bearings Technology (1990)

This paper recalls the principle, technology, basic data and typical advantages of the active magnetic bearing. Then it focuses on the main industrial applications of the active magnetic bearings and the status of these applications by the end of 1989.
Molecular encapsulation: cyclodextrin-based analogs of heme-containing proteins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular encapsulation: cyclodextrin-based analogs of heme-containing proteinsDiane L. Dick, Tata Venkata S. Rao, Dinesh Sukumaran, and David S. LawrenceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7, 2664–2669Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00033a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00033a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views668Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical impedance tomography (2002)

We review theoretical and numerical studies of the inverse problem of electrical impedance tomography which seeks the electrical conductivity and permittivity inside a body, given simultaneous measurements of electrical currents and potentials at the boundary.
Using Acetate Anions To Induce Translational Isomerization in a Neutral Urea‐Based Molecular Switch (2007)

Vying for urea: The translational isomerism of a neutral [2]rotaxane can be controlled in solution through the addition and removal of acetate anions. In the absence of acetate ions, the macrocyclic host recognizes a diphenylurea derivative; recognition of acetate ions by the urea-based station causes relocation of the macrocycle to another binding site (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702197_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electron-mediated indirect interaction in narrow-band-gap semiconductors (1991)

The effect of the hybridization of Bloch states between strongly interacting bands on the interband-transition matrix element is considered. We show that, due to the damping effect of the phase factor and the orthogonality condition between hybridized states, the interband transition between the light-hole and conduction band is restricted in the region around the \ensuremath{\Gamma} point, where the density of states is very small. Thus, in narrow-band-gap semiconductors, such as InSb and GaAs, the dominant indirect interaction is mediated by heavy-hole electrons with shorter exponential-decay length for the long-range interaction.
β-Glycerophosphate Accelerates Calcification in Cultured Bovine Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1995)

Abstract Calcification is a common feature of advanced atherosclerotic lesions and is being reemphasized as a clinically significant element of vascular disease. However, the scarcity of in vitro models of vascular calcification preclude studying its molecular and cellular mechanism. In the present study, we describe an in vitro calcification system in which diffuse calcification can be induced by culturing bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (BVSMC) in the presence of β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and insulin in a manner analogous to in vitro mineralization by osteoblasts. Calcification was confirmed by von Kossa staining and 45Ca accumulation. Factor analysis revealed that β-glycerophosphate is the most important factor for this calcification process, suggesting that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) may be involved. As predicted, high levels of ALP expression were detected by ALP assay and Northern blot analysis. Functional significance of ALP was confirmed by demonstrating that levamisole, a specific in...
Acid induced conformational transition of denatured cytochrome c in urea and guanidine hydrochloride solutions (1975)

Previous work has shown that at neutral pH ferricytochrome c (horse heart) retains certain residual structures in concentrated solutions of urea or guanidine hydrochloride (Tsong, T. Y. (1974), J. Biol. Chem. 249, 1988). Present studies reveal that cooperative unfolding of these residual structures can be achieved by acidification of the protein to pH 4 in 9 M urea but can only be partially achieved in a 6 M guanidine hydrochloride solution. The evidence that the residual structures unfold in 9 M urea upon acidification is twofold. (1) Further uncoupling of the Trp-59-heme interaction occurs; this is reflected in the intensification of the tryptophan fluorescence from 55 to 90 percent relative to that of free tryptophan in the same solvent. (2) The intrinsic viscosity of the protein solution increases from 15.0 to 21 ml/g. The acidification also induces a spin-state transformation of the heme group at pH 5 both in urea and in guanidine hydrochloride. Acidic titration of the protein in urea and guanidine hydrochloride indicates that the unfolding involves the absorption of a single proton. However, the kinetics of the spin-state transformation are triphasic. These results suggest that the displacement of the ligand His-18 by a solvent molecule and the subsequent disintegration of the residual structures are complex processes and involve at least three kinetic steps. The ineffectiveness of guanidine hydrochloride as a denaturant for ferricytochrome c is shown to be due to the presence of the high concentration of Cl minus which can stabilize certain elements of the protein structure.
[Subtilisin-like proteinase SSPB from Streptomyces spheroides, strain 35]. (1983)

A serine proteinase possessing a fibrinolytic activity was isolated from a culture filtrate of Streptomyces spheroides, strain 35. A consecutive use of affinity chromatography on bacillichin-silochrome and bacitracin-sepharose and ion-exchange chromatography on anionie PAP and cationic KMT resulted in a homogeneous proteinase with 1060-fold purification and 19% yield. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 28000; its amino acid composition is Asp31, Ser28, Thr29, Glu9, Pro14, Gly35, Ala42, Val26, Ile14, Leu13, Met2, Tyr9, Phe4, Trp3, His6, Lys4, Arg10. The enzyme has a pI at pH greater than 10 and the activity optimum against Z-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Leu-pNA at pH 10-11. The enzyme is stable within the pH range of 4-11 and in 6 M guanidinium chloride pH 8.0 in the presence of Ca2+. The enzyme is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and benzylsulfofluoride, specific inhibitors of serine proteinases as well as by potato proteinase inhibitor. The serine proteinase SSPB isolated from Str. spheroides, strain 35 can be related to subtilisin-like serine proteinase, especially to those of SGPD and SGPE of Str. griseus.
Automated Data Partitioning for Highly Scalable and Strongly Consistent Transactions (2014)

Modern transactional processing systems need to be fast and scalable, but this means many such systems settled for weak consistency models. It is however possible to achieve all of strong consistency, high scalability and high performance, by using fine-grained partitions and light-weight concurrency control that avoids superfluous synchronization and other overheads such as lock management. Independent transactions are one such mechanism, that rely on good partitions and appropriately defined transactions. On the downside, it is not usually straightforward to determine optimal partitioning schemes, especially when dealing with non-trivial amounts of data. Our work attempts to solve this problem by automating the partitioning process, choosing the correct transactional primitive, and routing transactions appropriately.
Polymerization of asymmetric tetrafunctional monomers. I. The study of radical bulk polymerization of acrylic and methacrylic esters of 2‐allylphenol (1967)

Abstract The bulk polymerization of 2‐allylphenylacrylic ester and of 2‐allylphenylmethacrylic ester at 60–80°C. was studied. It was observed that under these conditions azobisisobutyronitrile, lauroyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide have satisfactory activity as initiators. The influence of atmospheric oxygen on AOAF and MOAF polymerization was proved. The peculiarities of AOAF and MOAF polymerization (low molecular weight of the soluble polymers which are formed, the absence of gel effect, relatively low critical conversions) may be explained on the basis of chain transfer reactions by the allylic groups.
Pooled Clustering of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Gene Expression Leads to Novel Consensus Subtypes Associated with Survival and Surgical Outcomes (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Here we assess whether molecular subtyping identifies biological features of tumors that correlate with survival and surgical outcomes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Consensus clustering of pooled mRNA expression data from over 2,000 HGSOC cases was used to define molecular subtypes of HGSOCs. This <i>de novo</i> classification scheme was then applied to 381 Mayo Clinic HGSOC patients with detailed survival and surgical outcome information.<b>Results:</b> Five molecular subtypes of HGSOC were identified. In the pooled dataset, three subtypes were largely concordant with prior studies describing proliferative, mesenchymal, and immunoreactive tumors (concordance > 70%), and the group of tumors previously described as differentiated type was segregated into two new types, one of which (anti-mesenchymal) had downregulation of genes that were typically upregulated in the mesenchymal subtype. Molecular subtypes were significantly associated with overall survival (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and with rate of optimal surgical debulking (≤1 cm, <i>P</i> = 1.9E-4) in the pooled dataset. Among stage III-C or IV Mayo Clinic patients, molecular subtypes were also significantly associated with overall survival (<i>P</i> = 0.001), as well as rate of complete surgical debulking (no residual disease; 16% in mesenchymal tumors compared with >28% in other subtypes; <i>P</i> = 0.02).<b>Conclusions:</b> HGSOC tumors may be categorized into five molecular subtypes that associate with overall survival and the extent of residual disease following debulking surgery. Because mesenchymal tumors may have features that were associated with less favorable surgical outcome, molecular subtyping may have future utility in guiding neoadjuvant treatment decisions for women with HGSOC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4077-85. ©2017 AACR</i>.
New synthetic methods for .gamma.-geraniol, boll weevil pheromone, and .alpha.-damascone employing 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(phenylthio)-1-butene as a building block (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic methods for .gamma.-geraniol, boll weevil pheromone, and .alpha.-damascone employing 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(phenylthio)-1-butene as a building blockTadakatsu Mandai, Koji Mizobuchi, Mikio Kawada, and Junzo OteraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 18, 3403–3406Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00192a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00192a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protein C, an antithrombotic protein, is reduced in hospitalized patients with intravascular coagulation (1982)

Activated protein C is a potent anticoagulant and profibrinolytic enzyme that can be derived from the vitamin-K-dependent serine protease zymogen, protein C, by the action of thrombin. Protein C antigen concentration was determined in plasmas from normals (n = 40) and from 38 patients with intravascular coagulation as evidenced by positive FDP (greater than micrograms/ml). Plasma protein C was 4 micrograms/ml in normals and was significantly depressed (less than 2 SD below the mean of normals) in 19 of the 38 patients. Of 15 patients with suspected intravascular coagulation but normal FDP, protein C was decreased in 5 individuals; 3 of these 5 patients had liver disease. Based on these results, we suggest that extensive activation of the coagulation system in vivo causes a significant consumption of protein C, presumably due to its activation by thrombin and subsequent clearance.
5′-triphosphate RNA requires base-paired structures to activate antiviral signaling via RIG-I (2009)

The ATPase retinoid acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I senses viral RNA in the cytoplasm of infected cells and subsequently activates cellular antiviral defense mechanisms. RIG-I recognizes molecular structures that discriminate viral from host RNA. Here, we show that RIG-I ligands require base-paired structures in conjunction with a free 5'-triphosphate to trigger antiviral signaling. Hitherto unavailable chemically synthesized 5'-triphosphate RNA ligands do not trigger RIG-I-dependent IFN production in cells, and they are unable to trigger the ATPase activity of RIG-I without a base-paired stretch. Consistently, immunostimulatory RNA from cells infected with a virus recognized by RIG-I is sensitive to double-strand, but not single-strand, specific RNases. In vitro, base-paired stretches and the 5'-triphosphate bind to distinct sites of RIG-I and synergize to trigger the induction of signaling competent RIG-I multimers. Strengthening our model of a bipartite molecular pattern for RIG-I activation, we show that the activity of supposedly "single-stranded" 5'-triphosphate RNAs generated by in vitro transcription depends on extended and base-paired by-products inadvertently, but commonly, produced by this method. Together, our findings accurately define a minimal molecular pattern sufficient to activate RIG-I that can be found in viral genomes or transcripts.
G. M. Woodward (1867)

Journal Article G. M. Woodward Get access H. A. E. H. A. E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-XI, Issue 267, 9 February 1867, Page 117, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-XI.267.117e Published: 09 February 1867
Studies of Cognitive Change in Patients With Schizophrenia Following Novel Antipsychotic Treatment (2001)

Researchers and clinicians alike need to approach publications in this area with a watchful eye toward methodological weaknesses that limit the interpretability of findings.
Low-Distortion Embeddings of Finite Metric Spaces (2004)

An n-point metric space (X, D) can be represented by an n
 ×
 n
 
$ n \times n $

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 table specifying the distances. Such tables arise in many diverse areas. For example, consider the following scenario in microbiology: X is a collection of bacterial strains, and for every two strains, one is given their dissimilarity (computed, say, by comparing their DNA). It is difficult to see any structure in a large table of numbers, and so we would like to represent a given metric space in a more comprehensible way.