gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of glucagon on protein metabolism in normal man. (1979)

Plasma glucagon rises after major injury and could act to increase gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis in the post-traumatic state. This study documents the effect of prolonged glucagon infusion on ureagenesis and nitrogen excretion, as well as possible sources of the increased ureagenesis, in normal man. Four healthy men fasted for 6 days during intravenous infusion of glucose (750 gmday), establishing a steady state of minimal ureagenesis. Glucagon (1 mg/day) then was added to the infusion for 5 days. Glucose alone was given for the final 2 days. Forearm muscle flux of metabolites was determined by standard arterial-deep venous sampling and capacitance plethysmography. Glucagon concentration was suppressed during glucose infusion (11 +/- 13 pg/ml) and rose to levels seen in subjects with major trauma during glucagon infusion (669 +/- 138 pg/ml). Glucose infusion stabilized urine nitrogen excretion at 1.54 +/- 0.42 gm of N/sq m/day. Nitrogen excretion increased to 2.40 +/- 0.53 gm of N/sq m/day with glucagon infusion, with urea accounting for the increased excretion. Excretion of 3-methylhistidine was unchanged. Plasma amino acid concentration was strikingly reduced on the first day of glucagon infusion, where it stabilized. Forearm flux showed a slight net release of amino acid nitrogen during glucose infusion. Addition of glucagon to the glucose infusion resulted in a net uptake of nitrogen by forearm skeletal muscle. These evidences strong suggest that glucagon infusion in normal man increases ureagenesis, not only at the expense of the free amino acid pool, but by the hydrolysis of visceral protein as well, with muscle protein being maintained.
Role of nitric oxide, muscarinic receptors, and the ATP-sensitive K+ channel in mediating the effects of acetylcholine to mimic preconditioning in dogs. (1993)

The aims of the current study were to examine the efficacy of acetylcholine (ACh) to mimic ischemic preconditioning in dogs and to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO), muscarinic receptors, and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels in mediating its effects. Barbital-anesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 60 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Preconditioning was elicited by 10 minutes of LAD occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before the 60-minute occlusion period. ACh (3 or 10 micrograms/min) or an equivalent volume of saline was infused into the LAD for 10 minutes, followed by a 10-minute drug-free period before the 60-minute ischemic insult. In other groups, the specific NO synthesis inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 4 mg/min), the muscarinic receptor antagonist-NO synthesis inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3 mg/min), or the specific KATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 3 mg/min) was infused with ACh into the LAD for 10 minutes. The infusion of L-NAME, L-NMMA, or 5-HD was started 2 minutes before ACh infusion. Transmural myocardial blood flow was measured at 5 minutes of occlusion, and infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk. There were no significant differences in collateral blood flow or the area at risk between groups. Preconditioning produced a marked reduction (P < .05) in infarct size (6.2 +/- 3.0% versus 26.1 +/- 5.7% in the control group).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Via Hole Integration on Multijunction Solar Cells for Through Cell Via Contacts and Associated Passivation Treatment (2017)

The impact of via etching on triple junction solar cell performance has been investigated for through cell via contact architectures. Triple junction solar cells with standard top and back contacts have been fabricated and vias have been etched through the subcells to investigate the new geometry proposed. The external quantum efficiency, the open-circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ), the fill factor (FF), and the ideality factor have been measured and compared to those of standard triple junction solar cells without vias. In this way, we evaluate the losses attributable to via etching. Small performance losses from via integration are observed, but performance can be partially restored with an ammonium sulfide passivation treatment. Furthermore, the results show that the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> losses are almost absent at the high sun concentration that the new architecture is designed for. The source of the performance degradation is correlated with a larger total surface recombination at the edges of the device. The passivation treatment allows an effective surface passivation of the via holes.
Polar nephelometer for light-scattering measurements of ice crystals (2001)

We report on a small, lightweight polar nephelometer for the measurement of the light-scattering properties of cloud particles, specifically designed for use on a balloonborne platform in cirrus cloud conditions. The instrument consists of 33 fiber-optic light guides positioned in a two-dimensional plane from 5 degrees to 175 degrees that direct the scattered light to photodiode detectors-amplifier units. The system uses an onboard computer and data acquisition card to collect and store the measured signals. The instrument's calibration is tested by measurement of light scattered into a two-dimensional plane from small water droplets generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. Excellent comparisons between the measured water-droplet scattering properties and expectations generated by Mie calculation are shown. The measured scattering properties of ice crystals generated in a cold chamber also compare reasonably well with the theoretical results based on calculations from a unified theory of light scattering by ice crystals that use the particle size distribution measured in the chamber.
Inactivation of staphylococcal nuclease by the binding of antibodies to a distinct antigenic determinant (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInactivation of staphylococcal nuclease by the binding of antibodies to a distinct antigenic determinantDavid H. Sachs, Alan N. Schechter, Ann Eastlake, and Christian B. AnfinsenCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 23, 4268–4273Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00773a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00773a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo simulation of real-space electron transfer in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures (1980)

The Monte Carlo method has been used to simulate electron transport in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with an electric field applied parallel to the heterojunction interface. The simulations indicate that a unique physical mechanism for negative differential conductivity is provided by such layered heterostructures, which is analogous in many respects to the Gunn effect. This mechanism has been termed ’’real-space electron transfer’’ since it involves the transfer of electrons from a high-mobility GaAs region to an adjacent low-mobility AlGaAs region as the applied electric field intensity is increased. The simulations further indicate that the important details of the resulting velocity-field characteristics for these layered heterostructures can be controlled primarily through material doping densities, layer thicknesses, and the material properties of the individual layers. Thus, the phenomenon of real-space electron transfer potentially provides the ability to ’’engineer’’ those basic material properties which influence the performance of negative resistance devices.
Catalytic site-specific cleavage of a DNA-target by an oligonucleotide carrying bleomycin A5 (1995)

Oligonucleotide reagents have been created which are capable of catalytic site-specific cleavage of DNA-targets. The oligonucleotide reagent Blm-R-pd(CCAAACA) bearing the bleomycin A5 (Blm-RH) residue was used to degrade the DNA-target pd(TGTTTGGCGAAGGA). It has been shown that at equimolar reagent: target concentration the bleomycin oligonucleotide derivative can repeatedly cleave the target at G9, G7, T5, T4 and T3 in site-specific manner. This paper demonstrates that with a 10-fold excess of the DNA-target relative to the reagent 30% degradation of the target was observed primarily at a single position G7. The paper also shows that one reagent molecule containing bleomycin A5 residue was capable to degrade three molecules of the DNA-target. The catalytic activity of Blm-R-pd(CCAAACA) was the highest in the temperature range close to the melting temperature of the reagent-target complex, that is under conditions where the oligonucleotide reagent can form a complementary complex and easily dissociate to interact with the next molecule of the target. The number of target molecules degraded by the bleomycin reagent is limited by the degradation of the antibiotic residue itself.
Application of game theory to software user interface evaluation (2018)

The choice of a software userinterface is very strategic. Usability testing alone often does not determine the best software user interface. Secondly, economic considerations and the fact that software performance is a stochastic dynamic process (Markov process), are often neglected in user interface evaluations. Hence, evaluation tools that better capture the overall user experience, in addition to user interface economics and dynamics, should evaluate software user interfaces more effectively. The psychological concept of flow has been proposed as better metric for measuring software user experience. Hence, a good software interface design should have flow characteristics, a virtual strategy. The strategic nature of software user interface necessitates the need for the best tool for modeling the strategic interaction among competing software firms/user interfaces. The decision problem therefore, is how to develop an approporiate game theoretic model to assist software userinterface designers. In the light of these shortcommings, game theoretic model using markov chains and the flow theory concept was used to model and obtain optimal/equilibrium software user interface among competing firms/userinterfaces. The results of the study show that game theoretic analysis would be a very useful tool for software user interface evaluation.
Power independent of number of slices (PINS) radiofrequency pulses for low‐power simultaneous multislice excitation (2011)

This communication describes radiofrequency pulses capable of performing spatially periodic excitation, inversion, and refocusing. The generation of such pulses either by multiplication of existing radiofrequency pulses by a Dirac comb function or by means of Fourier series expansion is described. Practical schemes for the implementation of such pulses are given, and strategies for optimizing the pulse profile at fixed pulse duration are outlined. The pulses are implemented using a spin-echo sequence. The power deposition is independent of the number of slices acquired, and hence the power deposition per slice is considerably reduced compared to multislice imaging. Excellent image quality is obtained both in phantoms and in images of the human head. These pulses should find widespread application for multiplexed imaging, in particular at high static magnetic field strengths and for pulse sequences that have a high radiofrequency power deposition and could lead to dramatic increases in scanning efficiency.
Model for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math>Flux Noise in SQUIDs and Qubits (2007)

We propose a model for 1/f flux noise in superconducting devices (f is frequency). The noise is generated by the magnetic moments of electrons in defect states which they occupy for a wide distribution of times before escaping. A trapped electron occupies one of the two Kramers-degenerate ground states, between which the transition rate is negligible at low temperature. As a result, the magnetic moment orientation is locked. Simulations of the noise produced by randomly oriented defects with a density of 5x10(17) m(-2) yield 1/f noise magnitudes in good agreement with experiments.
Your Age Is No Secret: Inferring Microbloggers' Ages via Content and Interaction Analysis (2021)

Microblogging systems such as Twitter have seen explosive use in public and private sectors. The age information of microbloggers can be very useful for many applications such as viral marketing and social studies/surveys. Current microblogging systems, however, have very sparse age information. In this paper, we present MAIF, a novel framework that explores public content and interaction information in microblogging systems to explore the hidden ages of microbloggers. We thoroughly evaluate the accuracy of MAIF with a real-world dataset with 54,879 Twitter users. Our results show that MAIF can achieve up to 81.38% inference accuracy and outperforms the state of the art by 9.15%. We also discuss some countermeasures to alleviate the possible privacy concerns caused by MAIF.
Femoral Neck Fracture (1957)

The rising incidence of femoral neck fractures has presented the controversial subject of the circulation to the femoral neck.
Molecular basis for a functionally unique cytochrome P450IIB1 variant. (1991)

Abstract Liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats of four inbred strains expressing distinct allelic variants of cytochrome P450IIB1 were analyzed. The Wistar Munich (WM) strain exhibited 5- to 10-fold lower androstenedione 16 beta-hydroxylase activity (a specific P450IIB1 marker) than the Lewis, Wistar Kyoto, and Wistar Furth strains. The androstenedione 16 beta-hydroxylase in the WM liver microsomes was refractory to inactivation by N-(2-p-nitrophenethyl)chlorofluoroacetamide, a selective P450IIB1 inactivator in the other three strains. Purified P450IIB1-WM was insensitive to the inactivator and exhibited 5-fold lower androstenedione 16 beta-hydroxylase, testosterone 16-hydroxylase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities but the same benzphetamine demethylase activity and slightly higher androstenedione 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity than a P450IIB1 purified from outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, which appears to correspond to the form in Lewis rats. The stereoselectivity of androstenedione 16-hydroxylation catalyzed by P450IIB1-WM (16 beta-OH:16 alpha-OH = 1.4) is thus distinct from that (16 beta-OH:16 alpha-OH = 12-15) of other P450IIB1 preparations described. A cDNA encoding P450IIB1-WM was cloned and sequenced, revealing a single amino acid substitution (Gly-478----Ala) compared with the published sequence (Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Mizukami, Y., Kawajiri, K., Sogawa, K., and Muramatsu, M. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 2793-2797). Heterologous expression of P450IIB1 and P450IIB1-WM confirmed the striking difference in androstenedione metabolite profiles, strongly implicating the involvement of Ala-478 in defining the distinctive catalytic properties of P450IIB1-WM.
3D UV-LIGA microfabricated circuits for a wideband 50W G-band serpentine waveguide amplifier (2011)

A wideband 220 GHz vacuum electronic amplifier is under development utilizing a novel method to fabricate 3D structures comprised of polymer monofilaments to form the beam tunnels and SU-8 to form the electromagnetic circuits. The complete structures are simultaneously formed in one UV-LIGA step. The method shows promise for THz VE microfabrication.
Regulation of virulence by environmental signals in group A streptococci: influence of osmolarity, temperature, gas exchange, and iron limitation on emm transcription (1995)

Transcription of the gene encoding the antiphagocytic M protein (emm) of the group A streptococci has been shown to be regulated by CO2 (M. G. Caparon, R. T. Geist, J. Perez-Casal, and J. R. Scott, J. Bacteriol. 174:5693-5701, 1992). We tested the influence of additional environmental growth conditions on emm expression. Increased osmolarity, low temperature, growth with free exchange of gasses, or the restricted availability of iron resulted in decreased transcription from the emm promoter.
CLUE: Clustering for Mining Web URLs. (2016)

The Internet has witnessed the proliferation of applications and services that rely on HTTP as application protocol. Users play games, read emails, watch videos, chat and access web pages using their PC, which in turn downloads tens or hundreds of URLs to fetch all the objects needed to display the requested content. As result, billions of URLs are observed in the network. When monitoring the traffic, thus, it is becoming more and more important to have methodologies and tools that allow one to dig into this data and extract useful information. In this paper, we present CLUE, Clustering for URL Exploration, a methodology that leverages clustering algorithms, i.e., unsupervised techniques developed in the data mining field to extract knowledge from passive observation of URLs carried by the network. This is a challenging problem given the unstructured format of URLs, which, being strings, call for specialized approaches. Inspired by text-mining algorithms, we introduce the concept of URL-distance and use it to compose clusters of URLs using the well-known DBSCAN algorithm. Experiments on actual datasets show encouraging results. Well-separated and consistent clusters emerge and allow us to identify, e.g., malicious traffic, advertising services, and third-party tracking systems. In a nutshell, our clustering algorithm offers the means to get insights on the data carried by the network, with applications in the security or privacy protection fields.
On a new approach for enhancing the fault coverage of conformance testing of protocols (2002)

Proposes a new approach for enhancing the fault coverage of protocol testing using unique input/output (UIO) sequences. UIO sequences can be efficiently employed in checking the conformance specifications of protocols by transition testing and an optimization process based on the rural Chinese postman tour algorithm. The proposed approach is based on a new set of conditions for UIO sequence generation, namely singularity, i.e. uniqueness between UIO sequences in the traversal of the FSM and their ability to avoid masking and undetection of faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of a Ferromagnetic Medium on the Field of YBCO Trapped Field Magnets (2009)

Trapped field magnets (TFMs) are characterized by the maximum field they can retain when they are activated in air (~vacuum). In some applications however, TFMs are partially embedded in a ferromagnetic medium. We consider, experimentally and theoretically, some simple geometries involving contact between TFMs and ferromagnetic media. We find: an increase in maximum TFM field exceeding a factor of 2.53; a change in field profile from the well-known conical TFM field to a uniform field in the ferromagnetic material; and fields produced by present day TFMs capable of saturating Hyperco-50 alloy. The observed flux creep rate of the TFM field was found to be the same in air and in contact with ferromagnetic material.
STUDIES ON LACTONES RELATED TO THE CARDIAC AGLYCONES. IV. PREPARATION OF β-PHENYL-Δ<sup>α,β</sup>-BUTENOLIDE FROM PHENYLGLYOXAL AND FROM ETHYL β-METHYLCINNAMATE (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES ON LACTONES RELATED TO THE CARDIAC AGLYCONES. IV. PREPARATION OF β-PHENYL-Δα,β-BUTENOLIDE FROM PHENYLGLYOXAL AND FROM ETHYL β-METHYLCINNAMATEJOHN van P. TORREY, J. A. KUCK, and ROBERT C. ELDERFIELDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1941, 06, 2, 289–295Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01202a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01202a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RFID Based Verifiable Ownership Transfer Protocol Using Blockchain Technology (2018)

Most of the existing RFID based ownership transfer protocols are in need of TTP or require reader to reader communication in a centralized system. In the post supply chain, the products are to be tracked to prove their originality in a distributed environment. This paper aims to provide a verifiable ownership transfer of products attached with an RFID tag using blockchain technology to address various security requirements. The proposed protocol consists of two phases; in the first phase the buyer commits to buy the product and in the second phase actual ownership is transferred from the seller to the buyer. Analysis of the proposed protocol is carried out and it shows that our protocol is relatively better than the existing related schemes with respect to security requirements.
Molecular recognition between oligopeptides and nucleic acids. Monocationic imidazole lexitropsins that display enhanced GC sequence dependent DNA binding (1987)

A series of monocationic lexitropsins, or information-reading oligopeptides, were synthesized to minimize and offset the AT bias for doubly cationic ligands bound in the minor groove of DNA. The compounds possess an N-formyl group in place of the guanidinium moiety normally present in netropsin. By systematic replacement of the N-methylpyrrole groups of the dipeptide with N-methylimidazole, a remarkably high degree of sequence specificity was obtained. One of the compounds having two N-methylimidazole residues was found to exhibit dramatically altered specificity when compared with netropsin and preferred to bind to the sequence 5'-CCGT-3' 3'-GGCA-5'. The structural elements underlying sequence recognition in terms of the model for the netropsin-DNA interaction are presented and discussed.