gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies in Flexor Tendon Wound Healing: Neutralizing Antibody to TGF-β1 Increases Postoperative Range of Motion (2000)

The postoperative outcome of hand flexor tendon repair remains limited by tendon adhesions that prevent normal range of motion. Recent studies using in situ hybridization techniques have implicated transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) in both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of repair. TGF-beta1 is a growth factor that plays multiple roles in wound healing and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of excessive scar formation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1 in a rabbit zone II flexor tendon wound-healing model. Twenty-two adult New Zealand White rabbits underwent complete transection of the middle digit flexor digitorum profundus tendon in zone II. The tendons were immediately repaired and received intraoperative infiltration of one of the following substances: (1) control phosphate-buffered saline; (2) 50 microg neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1; (3) 50 microg each of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1 and to TGF-beta2. Eight rabbits that had not been operated on underwent analysis for determination of normal flexion range of motion at their proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, using a 1.2-N axial load applied to the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. All rabbits that had been operated on were placed in casts for 8 weeks to allow maximal tendon adhesion and were then killed to determine their flexion range of motion. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's unpaired t test. When a 1.2-N load was used on rabbit forepaws that had not been operated on, normal combined flexion range of motion at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints was 93+/-6 degrees. Previous immobilization in casts did not reduce the range of motion in these forepaws (93+/-4 degrees). In the experimental groups, complete transection and repair of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon with infiltration of control phosphate-buffered saline solution resulted in significantly decreased range of motion between the proximal and distal phalanges [15+/-6 degrees (n = 8)]. However, in the tendon repairs infiltrated with neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1, flexion range of motion increased to 32+/-9 degrees (n = 7; p = 0.002). Interestingly, a combination of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1 and that to TGF-beta2 did not improve postoperative range of motion [18+/-4 degrees (n = 7; p = 0.234)]. These data demonstrate that (1) the rabbit flexor tendon repair model is useful for quantifying tendon scar formation on the basis of degrees of flexion between proximal and distal phalanges; (2) intraoperative infiltration of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta1 improves flexor tendon excursion; and (3) simultaneous infiltration of neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta2 nullifies this effect. Because TGF-beta1 is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of excessive scar formation, the findings presented here suggest that intraoperative biochemical modulation of TGF-beta1 levels limits flexor tendon adhesion formation.
OSPF Complete Implementation (2000)

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is one of the most challenging routing protocols to understand-and one of the most important. In OSPF Complete Implementation, John Moy , OSPF's inventor and primary developer, walks networking professionals through a comprehensive OSPF implementation in C++, step-by-step. A perfect companion to Moy's OSPF: Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol (0-201-63472-4), this authoritative guide demonstrates how every part of the standard can be implemented, enabling readers to explore all of the protocol's nooks and crannies, and to discover never-before-published optimization techniques. Moy explains OSPF's functional specifications, software architecture, and key building blocks. An ideal resource for everyone interested in practical Internet routing: netadmins, protocol designers, protocol software developers, and others involved in designing, developing, or managing TCP/IP networks using OSPF.
Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks by Enhancing the Thermo-Electric Properties of Their Circuitries (2008)

With the proliferation of portable computing platforms and devices, wireless networks have received more and more attention as a means of data communication among portable devices. It has long been recognized that energy conservation usually comes at the cost of degraded performance such as longer delay and lower throughput in stand-alone systems and communication networks. Power conservation and power management must be taken into account at all levels of the sensor networks system hierarchy. Even though various power management schemes such as Dynamic Power Management systems (DPMs), application aware power management systems have been implemented, the results are not yet satisfactory. Its due to the reason that the technologies adopted till now does not concentrate on the hardware electrical parameters such as Power and thermo-electric properties of the materials in the network which are at the forefront of concerns facing modern computing systems. Here it is proposed to improve the thermoelectric properties of the electrical components by introducing nanostructures into Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin films from which the sensor¿s hardware components can be designed. Good thermoelectric materials require an unusual combination of electrical and thermal properties, i.e. high See beck coefficient (S), low electrical resistivity (¿) and low total thermal conductivity (¿), which defines dimensionless figure of merit (ZT). Recently, with developing nanofabrication technology, further improvement of S has been actualized by using a quantum effect.
Maintenance of Rat Taste Buds in Primary Culture (2001)

The differentiated taste bud is a complex end organ consisting of multiple cell types with various morphological, immunocytochemical and electrophysiological characteristics. Individual taste cells have a limited lifespan and are regularly replaced by a proliferative basal cell population. The specific factors contributing to the maintenance of a differentiated taste bud are largely unknown. Supporting isolated taste buds in culture would allow controlled investigation of factors relevant to taste bud survival. Here we describe the culture and maintenance of isolated rat taste buds at room temperature and at 37 degrees C. Differentiated taste buds can be sustained for up to 14 days at room temperature and for 3-4 days at 37 degrees C. Over these periods individual cells within the cultured buds maintain an elongated morphology. Further, the taste cells remain electrically excitable and retain various proteins indicative of a differentiated phenotype. Despite the apparent health of differentiated taste cells, cell division occurs for only a short period following plating, suggesting that proliferating cells in the taste bud are quickly affected by isolation and culture.
ChemInform Abstract: PLATINUM(II) AND PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES WITH AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS, INTERPRETATION OF IR AND PROTON NMR SPECTRA AND CONFORMATIONAL IMPLICATIONS (1981)

Abstract Die 1:2‐molare Umsetzung von Pt‐ oder Pd‐dichlorid mit DL‐Phenylglycin oder seinen Methyl‐ bzw. Benzylestern in saurer Lösung führt zu den Komplexen (I).
A Process Variation Tolerant Embedded Split-Gate Flash Memory Using Pre-Stable Current Sensing Scheme (2009)

Replica-cell sensing schemes are commonly used in the read circuits of flash memories to provide the appropriate reference current across various process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. However, process variation on the replica array causes fluctuations in the settling time and the value of the reference current across dies or wafers, especially in split-gate flash memories. A long settling time of reference current slows down the access time, and causes ringing on outputs. Fluctuation in the reference current produces various sensing margins, and decreases the yield, due to tail bits. A circuit-level technique for embedded flash memories, called pre-stable current sensing (PSCS), is proposed to reduce the fluctuation in access time and sensing margin, without additional masks or process steps. Experiments on fabricated flash macros (4 Mb, 2 Mb, 1 Mb, and 512 Kb) using a 0.25 mum embedded flash process demonstrate that PSCS achieves uniform access time across hundreds of samples. Additionally, PSCS works with a wide range of supply voltages (1.1-3 V).
Volatile metabolites from the headspace of onion bulbs inoculated with postharvest pathogens as a tool for disease discrimination (2005)

Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to analyze volatiles in the headspace of 'Fortress' onion bulbs inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis allii, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Aspergillus niger, or Penicillium aurantiogriseum. A total of 130 volatile metabolites were detected, of which 28 occurred more than four times in seven replicates and two incubation periods. Out of 28 relatively consistent compounds, 12 compounds were specific to one or more diseases or inoculations. Ethyl cyclobutane was specific to bulbs inoculated with F. oxysporum, while styrene was common to A. niger, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and F. oxysporum, with the highest abundance in the latter. N-3-Aminophenyl acetamide was common to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, P. aurantiogriseum, and the water inoculated control. 2-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene was detected in bulbs inoculated with A. niger, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and P. aurantiogriseum. Discriminant analysis models based on metabolic fingerprints (normalized abundances of 27 relatively consistent metabolites and normalized abundances of 150 mass ions) correctly classified up to 100% of the observations based on resubstitution (models) and up to 100% based on cross-validation, depending on the disease. Factor analysis identified combinations of metabolites to discriminate diseases or inoculations. The disease discriminatory compounds identified as metabolic markers and the discriminant analysis models can be used to discriminate bulb diseases of 'Fortress' onion, at the beginning of or during storage, after further validation under commercial conditions.
Discriminative and adaptive training for robust speech recognition and understanding (2018)

Robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) and understanding (ASU) under various conditions remains to be a challenging problem even with the advances of deep learning. To achieve robust ASU, two discriminative training objectives are proposed for keyword spotting and topic classification: (1) To accurately recognize the semantically important keywords, the non-uniform error cost minimum classification error training of deep neural network (DNN) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BLSTM) acoustic models is proposed to minimize the recognition errors of only the keywords. (2) To compensate for the mismatched objectives of speech recognition and understanding, minimum semantic error cost training of the BLSTM acoustic model is proposed to generate semantically accurate lattices for topic classification. Further, to expand the application of the ASU system to various conditions, four adaptive training approaches are proposed to improve the robustness of the ASR under different conditions: (1) To suppress the effect of inter-speaker variability on speaker-independent DNN acoustic model, speaker-invariant training is proposed to learn a deep representation in the DNN that is both senone-discriminative and speaker-invariant through adversarial multi-task training (2) To achieve condition-robust unsupervised adaptation with parallel data, adversarial teacher-student learning is proposed to suppress multiple factors of condition variability in the procedure of knowledge transfer from a well-trained source domain LSTM acoustic model to the target domain. (3) To further improve the adversarial learning for unsupervised adaptation with unparallel data, domain separation networks are used to enhance the domain-invariance of the senone-discriminative deep representation by explicitly modeling the private component that is unique to each domain. (4) To achieve robust far-field ASR, an LSTM adaptive beamforming network is proposed to estimate the real-time beamforming filter coefficients to cope with non-stationary environmental noise and dynamic nature of source and microphones positions.
Alternated Quinoid/Aromatic Units in Terthiophenes Building Blocks for Electroactive Narrow Band Gap Polymers. Extended Spectroscopic, Solid State, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Study (2005)

We report here the synthesis of three novel pi-conjugated heterocyclic mixed trimers that contain two electron-donating 3,4-ethylenedioxy-2-thienyl (EDOT) units covalently attached to a central proquinoid electron-accepting thienopyrazine moiety (two of these narrow-HOMO-LUMO gap D-A-D compounds also bear hexyl side chains attached either to the outermost alpha positions of the EDOT end rings or to the beta positions of the pyrazine fused ring). The modification of the terthiophene structure upon EDO, pyrazine, and hexyl substitutions has been treated in detail with spectroscopic and theoretical arguments. Solid-state properties reveal the occurrence of short intramolecular contacts between heteroatoms of adjacent rings. The analysis of the structure of the pi-conjugated backbone of each molecule is consistent with a partial quinoid-like pattern which partially reverts to be subtly more aromatic depending on the topology of the positive inductive effect of the hexyl chains. This quinoidization is a consequence of the appearance of a D(EDOT)-->A(PyT)<--D(EDOT) intramolecular charge transfer which further polarizes the structure. The same chemical concepts have been applied to address their electrochemical behavior. The three mixed trimers exhibit amphoteric properties due to the combination of electron acceptor and donor groups. Given their relative low HOMO-LUMO energy gap, these trimers promise to be good candidates for obtaining polymers with significant low energy gap combining electroactivity.
The Color of The Skin and its Spectral Reflectance as a Function of Correlated Tristimulus Values (1979)

Spectrophotomeric measurements on the colors of japanese women's skins ranging from 19 to 47 years of age were carried out by means of the Hitachi Color Analyzer Model 607.The color of each subject's skin was measured after the removal of any make-up.(1) The average colors of the skins (forehead, cheek and lower lip) in Munsell renotation system were 3.5 YR 6.0/3.8, 1.6 YR 6.3/3.9, 7.6 R 5.5/4.3, res pectively.(2) A principal component analysis was made on the spectral reflectances of the skins; it was found that by the first three principal components, the variances of the spectral reflectances on the colors of the foreheads, the cheeks and the lower lips were explained at 98.1%, 97.2%, 98.0%, respectively.(3) From the mean of the spectral refletances of the skins and their first three characteristic vectors, the spectral reflectance curves were reconstituted by the scalar multiples of the characteristic vectors as a function of correlated tristimulus values.The figure of the reconstituted spectral reflectance curves was compared with the curve obtained by the practical measurement at the same tristimulus values.They have shown good agreement.(4) The spectral reflectance curves of the metameric colors on the skins, in which a corresponding tristimulus values are the same but the spectral compositions are different, were reconstituted by the liner combination of the first sixth characteristic vectors and the mean spectral reflectance.
Production and magnetotransport properties of CrO2 films (1997)

CrO 2 films were deposited on Al2O3 and TiO2 by high-pressure decomposition of CrO3. They are metallic, with a residual resistivity ρ0 in the range 0.2–10 μΩ m. The resistivity below Tc varies as ρ0+αT2+βT7/2 as expected for a correlated fully spin-polarized d band. At Tc the resistivity changes slope but the sign remains positive. There is a small negative magnetoresistance (∼−0.5%/ T) in a wide temperature range below Tc. Coercivity of the films varies according to the substrates from 7 mT for Al2O3 (110) to 15 mT for TiO2 (110).
Effects of K-115 (Ripasudil), a novel ROCK inhibitor, on trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells (2016)

Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (K-115), a specific Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, was the first ophthalmic solution developed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Japan. Topical administration of K-115 decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) and increased outflow facility in rabbits. This study evaluated the effect of K-115 on monkey trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells. K-115 induced retraction and rounding of cell bodies as well as disruption of actin bundles in TM cells. In SCE-cell monolayer permeability studies, K-115 significantly decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased the transendothelial flux of FITC-dextran. Further, K-115 disrupted cellular localization of ZO-1 expression in SCE-cell monolayers. These results indicate that K-115 decreases IOP by increasing outflow facility in association with the modulation of TM cell behavior and SCE cell permeability in association with disruption of tight junction.
miR-7b, a microRNA up-regulated in the hypothalamus after chronic hyperosmolar stimulation, inhibits Fos translation (2006)

The transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) is formed through the dimerization of immediate-early genes Fos and Jun family members. Activator protein 1 is known as a pivotal regulator of major biological events such as cell proliferation, differentiation, organogenesis, memory formation, and apoptosis. During a search for microRNAs (miRNAs; small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that repress gene expression of target mRNAs in animals posttranscriptionally) that are differentially expressed in the mouse paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei after 10 days of drinking 2% saline, one candidate microRNA that is relatively highly expressed, mmu-miR-7b (miR-7b), was studied further because sequence analysis suggested a likely interaction with the 3' untranslated region of Fos mRNA. We show that miR-7b expression inhibits Fos translation in vitro and that it and its host gene are prominently expressed in the PVN and other brain areas, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus. No effect on Fos mRNA levels was observed. Normally, Fos is expressed at low to undetectable levels in cells, but it shows rapid induction and decay after acute stimuli. Various pathways have been identified through which Fos family proteins are degraded; our results indicate a significant additional mechanism by which Fos protein and activity may be regulated.
Cytokines Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation: Implication for the Inflammatory Disease Condition (2012)

Neutrophils (PMNs) and cytokines have a critical role to play in host defense and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to extracellularly kill pathogens, and inflammatory potential of NETs has been shown. Microbial killing inside the phagosomes or by NETs is mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The present study was undertaken to assess circulating NETs contents and frequency of NETs generation by isolated PMNs from SIRS patients. These patients displayed significant augmentation in the circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and DNA content, while PMA stimulated PMNs from these patients, generated more free radicals and NETs. Plasma obtained from SIRS patients, if added to the PMNs isolated from healthy subjects, enhanced NETs release and free radical formation. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα and IL-8) in the PMNs as well as their circulating levels were significantly augmented in SIRS subjects. Treatment of neutrophils from healthy subjects with TNFα, IL-1β, or IL-8 enhanced free radicals generation and NETs formation, which was mediated through the activation of NADPH oxidase and MPO. Pre-incubation of plasma from SIRS with TNFα, IL-1β, or IL-8 antibodies reduced the NETs release. Role of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-8 thus seems to be involved in the enhanced release of NETs in SIRS subjects.
36—AN ENERGY ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICS OF WEFT-KNITTED FABRICS BY MEANS OF OPTIMAL-CONTROL THEORY PART III: THE 1 × 1 RIB-KNITTED STRUCTURE (1977)

The general energy analysis formulated to study various areas of fabric mechanics is applied to relaxed 1 × 1 rib weft-knitted fabrics and also to the effects of the application of tension to the structure. The boundary conditions for the 1 × 1 rib structure are derived by assuming half-loop symmetry. Typical solutions are presented in terms of the curvature along the length of the half-loop, the projections of the half-loop shape, the distributed forces, and the nature of yarn contact in the regions of loop-interlocking. Because of intolerably slow convergence of the computer program, it is not possible to include all the five possible conditions of jamming in the solution for 1 × 1 rib fabrics. However, it is confirmed that the 1 × 1 rib structure is naturally jammed in the width direction between adjacent ribs, and the magnitude of the jamming force is estimated. Suggestions for improving the convergence of the computer program are contained in the appendix to this paper. A comparison with the results for the plain-knitted structure shows that rib fabrics are generally slacker structures, i.e., the yarn-interlocking forces are generally lower (about one-half for the 1 × 1 rib compared with the plain-knitted structure when expressed in terms of dimensionless parameters). It is also shown that the ratio of yarn torsional rigidity to yarn bending rigidity, G/B, has only a very minor influence on the loop shape for both 1 × 1 rib and plain-knitted fabrics. Finally, some suggestions are presented for extending the work to other fabric constructions, especially double-knitted fabrics.
Optical Studies of Combustion Chamber Flame in a Hybrid Rocket Motor (2005)

The oxygen injector head in UALR’s labscale hybrid rocket motor has been redesigned to include a coaxially located optical port. This port permits viewing directly into the space in front of the fuel grain where combustion is initiated. It is designed to allow a visible-imaging fiber optic, a UV-Vis fiber optic, or an infrared fiber optic to be aligned coaxially with the motor. The imaging fiber optic shows swirling and pulsating flow fields, which indicate that one-dimensional flow model assumptions are not valid. The quartz fiber optic is used with a UV-Vis spectrometer to perform spectral studies using fuels doped with metals. It is demonstrated that the same species that are seen in the plume can be detected in the combustion zone, which permits comparison of species at the two end points of the combustion process.
An alternative synthesis method for zeolite Y membranes (2001)

A new approach for the synthesis of supported zeolite Y membranes is presented, using a synthesis gel containing seeds to avoid any unnecessary ex situ pre-treatment of the support.