gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ess1 Prolyl Isomerase Is Required for Growth and Morphogenetic Switching in<i>Candida albicans</i> (2002)

Prolyl-isomerases (PPIases) are found in all organisms and are important for the folding and activity of many proteins. Of the 13 PPIases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae only Ess1, a parvulin-class PPIase, is essential for growth. Ess1 is required to complete mitosis, and Ess1 and its mammalian homolog, Pin1, interact directly with RNA polymerase II. Here, we isolate the ESS1 gene from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and show that it is functionally homologous to the S. cerevisiae ESS1. We generate conditional-lethal (ts) alleles of C. albicans ESS1 and use these mutations to demonstrate that ESS1 is essential for growth in C. albicans. We also show that reducing the dosage or activity of ESS1 blocks morphogenetic switching from the yeast to the hyphal and pseudohyphal forms under certain conditions. Analysis of double mutants of ESS1 and TUP1 or CPH1, two genes known to be involved in morphogenetic switching, suggests that ESS1 functions in the same pathway as CPH1 and upstream of or in parallel to TUP1. Given that switching is important for virulence of C. albicans, inhibitors of Ess1 might be useful as antifungal agents.
From international to domestic approaches: Battling domestic violence in the United States (2013)

The authors describe an array of strategies that have been used to arouse greater public and official concern at both national and international levels over the plague of domestic violence (DV) and its mishandling by authorities in this country. Among other approaches, they describe a lawsuit that was filed with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights against the U.S. for its violation of the human rights of DV victims, Jessica Lenahan, whose three children were murdered by their battering father, did just that, and she won. KEYWORDS: Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women; due diligence; police accountability; Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) v. United States; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights; gender-based violence; discrimination Language: en
The use of eigenpictures for optical character recognition (2002)

We show that the ideas behind the eigenface technique can be easily extended to the OCR problem by using multiple image classes. In addition, we also describe a modification to the standard Euclidean distance measure used for recognition which gives very good results in this context.
Effect of Pressure on Superconducting Transition Temperatures in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System (1988)

Superconducting transition temperatures were measured under pressure for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. The transition temperature near 80 K ( T c1 ) slightly increases with pressure: d T c1 /d p =0.06 K/GPa (onset), while T c near 110 K ( T c2 ) decreases with pressure: d T c2 /d p =-0.2 K/GPa (onset) and -0.3 K/GPa (complete). The negative pressure-dependence was discussed with regard to the resonating-valence-bond theory.
COMPUTER DIAGNOSIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS (1968)

Journal Article COMPUTER DIAGNOSIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS Get access J. A. BOYLE, M.D. M.R.C.P., J. A. BOYLE, M.D. M.R.C.P. University Department of Medicine, Universtiy of GlasgowRoyal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. ANDERSON, M.A. J. A. ANDERSON, M.A. Department of Biomathematics, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 24, Issue 3, September 1968, Pages 224–229, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070640 Published: 01 September 1968
Human liver phosphatase 2A: cDNA and amino acid sequence of two catalytic subunit isotypes. (1988)

Two cDNA clones were isolated from a human liver library that encode two phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits. The two cDNAs differed in eight amino acids (97% identity) with three nonconservative substitutions. All of the amino acid substitutions were clustered in the amino-terminal domain of the protein. Amino acid sequence of one human liver clone (HL-14) was identical to the rabbit skeletal muscle phosphatase 2A cDNA (with 97% nucleotide identity). The second human liver clone (HL-1) is encoded by a separate gene, and RNA gel blot analysis indicates that both mRNAs are expressed similarly in several human clonal cell lines. Sequence comparison with phosphatase 1 and 2A indicates highly divergent amino acid sequences at the amino and carboxyl termini of the proteins and identifies six highly conserved regions between the two proteins that are predicted to be important for phosphatase enzymatic activity.
Efficient Mobile Robot Navigation using 3D Surfel Grid Maps (2012)

We present robust and efficient means for mobile robot navigation using a 3D representation of the environment. We build 3D surfel grid maps and propose Monte Carlo localization with probabilistic observation models for 2D and 3D sensors in such maps. In contrast to localization methods that utilize a 2D laser scanner in a static horizontal mounting, our method takes advantage of the 3D structure in the environment. This is useful, for instance, to localize in crowds of people: The robot can focus on the static parts of the environment above the person?s height. Finally, we extract navigation maps for 2D path planning from the 3D maps. Our approach avoids discretization effects and considers the complete height range of the robot to estimate traversability. In experiments, we demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of our approach for pose tracking and global localization ? even in a crowded environment.
Evolution of the Probability of an MPM (Multiple Primary Malignancy) after a First Colon Tumor (2009)

Starting from a database containing over 30-years observations on Multiple Primary Malignacies (SEER Program), the most probable tumor following a first Colon Cancer is determined, based on premises such as sex and age at first diagnosis of the patient. Decision Trees and randomized algorithms are used in order to extract significant data from the whole database. Moreover, tree structure varies during the years, hence a dynamic decision tree is obtained by connecting decision trees computed on 5-years patient cohorts. The resulting probability for each district is presented by using a linguistic fuzzy interpolator. Thus, a linguistic tool for second tumor forecasting is obtained.
Evolution of β-Lactamase Inhibitors (1991)

The production of beta-lactamase is the most important mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Attempts to find an inhibitor of beta-lactamase were made as early as the 1940s and 1950s but without success. In the early 1950s, it was found that certain semisynthetic penicillins could function as beta-lactamase inhibitors, but none found a clinical place in this capacity. A program of screening microorganisms for the production of naturally occurring inhibitors was begun in 1967. This process led to the discovery of the olivanic acids and clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid, formulated with amoxicillin and later with ticarcillin, became available for clinical use in 1981. Since the introduction of clavulanic acid, other beta-lactamase inhibitors have been developed, including sulbactam and tazobactam. It remains to be seen whether these will have any advantage over clavulanate for clinical use.
Josephson Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Wave Superconductors: A Probe for the Nature of the Pseudogap in the Cuprate Superconductors (2019)

Recent advances in the development of Josephson scanning tunneling spectroscopy (JSTS) have opened a new path for the exploration of unconventional superconductors. We demonstrate that the critical current I_{c}, measured via JSTS, images the spatial form of the superconducting order parameter in d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}-wave superconductors around defects and in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. Moreover, we show that I_{c} probes the existence of phase-incoherent superconducting correlations in the pseudogap region of the cuprate superconductors, thus providing unprecedented insight into its elusive nature. These results provide the missing theoretical link between the experimentally measured I_{c} and the spatial structure of the superconducting order parameter.
Optimal self-calibration of tomographic reconstruction parameters in whole-body small animal optoacoustic imaging (2014)

In tomographic optoacoustic imaging, multiple parameters related to both light and ultrasound propagation characteristics of the medium need to be adequately selected in order to accurately recover maps of local optical absorbance. Speed of sound in the imaged object and surrounding medium is a key parameter conventionally assumed to be uniform. Mismatch between the actual and predicted speed of sound values may lead to image distortions but can be mitigated by manual or automatic optimization based on metrics of image sharpness. Although some simple approaches based on metrics of image sharpness may readily mitigate distortions in the presence of highly contrasting and sharp image features, they may not provide an adequate performance for smooth signal variations as commonly present in realistic whole-body optoacoustic images from small animals. Thus, three new hybrid methods are suggested in this work, which are shown to outperform well-established autofocusing algorithms in mouse experiments in vivo.
A General Model for the Intermediate Stage of Sintering (1970)

A model proposed for intermediate‐stage sintering relates the densification rate to the instantaneous geometry in the compact and to the volume and grain‐boundary diffusion coefficients, despite concurrent surface diffusion, vapor transport, and/or grain and pore growth. Quantitative stereological methods can be used to measure the necessary geometric parameters. The suggested experiments would provide a detailed description of the evolution of the microstructure and calculated values for the grain‐boundary and/or volume diffusion coefficients.
Design and Implementation of Data Acquisition System Based on DSP2812 (2011)

The high-speed and parallel data acquisition system built with AD chip ADS8364 and core chip of DSP2812,and serial data acquisition system consisted of the serial communication interface(SCI) of DSP2812 and the chip MAX3491,are introduced for realizing high-speed and accurate acquisition of digital and analog signal,focusing on the design of hardware interface circuit and implementation of software programming.It is proven that it takes advantage of high-speed,high precision and easy to implement with designed scheme to meet the demands of data acquisition in practice.
An analysis model of queue length fluctuation at signals using vehicle trajectories (2014)

Floating car systems have attracted much attention. In particular, trajectory information of vehicles, which cannot be obtained in legacy traffic monitoring systems, would be significant for more detailed and precise traffic prediction. In this paper, we focus on vehicle queues formed in front of intersections and present a model that analyzes the dynamics of their length using vehicle trajectory information. In general, a queue grows in a red phase of the traffic signal cycle and shrinks in a green phase. We assume that vehicles arrive at a signal with a Poisson process, and estimate the queue length for each signal cycle. Our method was evaluated using a traffic simulator where the real field data were injected. Evaluation results have shown that the queue length could be estimated and the mean error was about 5 vehicles, which is acceptable compared with the whole queue sizes.
Efflux Pumps: Their Role in Antibacterial Drug Discovery (2001)

The emergence of active efflux as a major causative factor in antibiotic resistance has been one of the most significant trends in antiinfective chemotherapy over the last decade. The phenomenon affects virtually all classes of antibiotics and frequently results in multi-drug resistant phenotypes. This review analyzes efflux pumps of clinical significance and examines their impact on different antibiotic classes relative to other mechanisms of resistance. Progress in strategies to combat efflux-mediated resistance by modification of existing antibiotics or identification of efflux pump inhibitors is also reviewed.
High sensitivity tracer detection using high-precision gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry and highly enriched uniformly carbon-13 labeled precursors (1992)

The use of highly enriched, uniformly labeled fatty acid ([U-13C]) with analysis by high-precision gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCC-IRMS) has been evaluated as a metabolic tracer technique. 13C/12C ratios are routinely determined to precisions (SD) of less than 0.00001 (delta PDB less than 1/1000) for greater than 10 ng of fatty acid, and less than 0.001 (delta PDB less than 100/1000) for samples of 30 pg of fatty acid, the latter corresponding to a 100-fmol sample. Baseline fatty acid 13C/12C in human plasma fractions is shown to fluctuate not more than 0.000 04 (delta PDB 4/1000) over 10 h. 13C/12C enrichments greater than 0.001 (delta PDB 100/1000) are obtained in a fatty acid plasma fraction subsequent to a 10-mg dose of 42% 13C-labeled stearic acid to a 78-kg adult. Biokinetics are discerned over an 13C/12C enrichment range of less than 0.0002 (approximately 13/1000 in delta PDB units) in plasma. A means for correction of isotope ratio contamination due to carbon-containing derivatives is presented. High-precision GCC-IRMS used in concert with highly enriched tracers is shown to possess advantages versus organic GC/MS for stable isotopic tracer detection and is superior to radiotracer methods in terms of dose sizes and analysis efficiency.
Evidence for a lipoxygenase mechanism in the biosynthesis of epoxide and dihydroxy leukotrienes from 15(S)-hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid by human platelets and porcine leukocytes. (1983)

Leukocyte preparations convert the hydroperoxy icosatetraenoic acids 5(S)-HPETE and 15(S)-HPETE to the unstable leukotriene epoxides LTA4 and 14,15-LTA4. In several ways, the conversion of 5- or 15-HPETE to leukotriene epoxide bears a formal mechanistic resemblance to the reaction catalyzed by the 12-lipoxygenase in the conversion of arachidonic acid to 12(S)-HPETE. Points of similarity include enzymatic removal of a hydrogen at carbon 10, double bond isomerization, and formation of a new carbon-to-oxygen bond. In the case of 15(S)-HPETE, two 8,15- and an erythro-14,15-dihydroxy acid (8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs), which result from incorporation of molecular oxygen into each hydroxyl group, are coproducts in the formation of 14,15-LTA4. These facts prompted us to test the hypothesis that the biosynthesis of 14,15-LTA4 and of 8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs from 15(S)-HPETE occurs by a mechanism similar to that observed in lipoxygenase reactions. Based on the results presented here, we conclude that the biosynthesis of 14,15-LTA4 and of 8,15- and 14,15-DiHETEs from 15(S)-HPETE occurs via a common intermediate and that, moreover, the formation of these metabolites from 15(S)-HPETE is catalyzed by an enzyme with many mechanistic features in common with the 12-lipoxygenase.
Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels as Expressed in Cetene Numbers (1932)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>T</b>HE paper is an account of some further experiences and views on the subject of ignition in oil engines, which, with the advent of the high-speed Diesel engine, has received much attention of late. The Delft Engine Laboratory of the Royal Dutch Shell Group has been working on oil-engine fuels for nearly four years, with the aid and assistance of all the group's chemical and physical specialists. It had already been working on ignition problems before the high-speed engine was introduced, these problems belonging to a continuous series. Though ignition problems have become of paramount importance in present-day high-speed engines, they have always played a certain rôle with certain fuels also in low-speed engines which were not sufficiently recognized.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">After discussing the three phases of combustion in compression-ignition engines, the authors analyze the fuel characteristics relating to ignition, describe engine tests for rating fuels and state that it was found expedient to base all ignition data obtained on reference fuels, for which, on theoretical considerations, cetene and mesitylene were suggested. This proved to be very effective, as the former substance ignites most readily in a normal engine, the latter not at all.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel behavior in four different engines was studied to ascertain the degree of correlation, and charts are presented to illustrate the results obtained. The ignition quality and thermal stability of fuels are discussed in some detail, and a fuel formula to serve for estimating the ignition quality of straight distillate fuel oils from natural crudes is presented.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The general subject of ignition is considered, including nuclear ignition, and several special cases of curious ignition phenomena with regard to ignition problems are cited. In the general remarks on Diesel-engine design, the phenomena that are presumed to take place within the engine are reviewed, desiderata that are to be considered are stated, and an endeavor is made to combine these two groups so as to obtain guiding principles for design.</div>
Fundamental investigations and electrochemical engineering aspects concerning an advanced concept for alkaline water electrolysis (1980)

Abstract A thorough search for electrocatalysts for anodic oxygen evolution from caustic potash solution together with an investigation for the main reasons of ohmic potential drops in the interelectrode gap has lead to a new concept for an advanced medium temperature (150° to 200°C), medium pressure (30 to 100 bars) alkaline water electrolysis. The new concept will allow electrolytic water decomposition at temperatures between 160° and 200°C with current densities of 1 to 1.5 A/cm 2 and cell voltages between 1.55 and 1.65 V.
The modern hypothesis testing hybrid : R. A. Fisher's fading influence (2004)

De nos jours la nature du «test de signification d'une hypothese nulle» (NHST) presente peu de ressemblance avec le modele propose par Fisher il y a quelque quatre-vingts ans. Au-dela de certains malentendus, le modele actuel incorpore des aspects que Fisher rejetait fermement. Le but de cet article est de mettre en evidence la facon dont le NHST differe du modele propose par Fisher en 1925 et, ce faisant, de resituer le modele initial par rapport aux methodes hybrides actuelles. On montre qu'associer le nom de Fisher a ces dernieres non seulement est incorrect, mais encore adresse a Fisher des reproches injustifies au sujet des profondes faiblesses methodologiques et philosophiques du NHST. On essaie de distinguer entre la methodologie originale de Fisher et l'hybride actuelle, et une approche generalement mal comprise de l'inference statistique. On montre que les chercheurs en sciences sociales utilisent aujourd'hui un defectueux et deplaisant melange des ingredients dus a Fisher, Neyman-Pearson et Bayes.
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using an In Situ Generated Iodonium Ion with Oxone as a Terminal Oxidant (2010)

A facile and operationally convenient catalytic procedure for oxidative cleavage of alkenes is described. In situ formed [hydroxy(4-carboxyphenyl)iodonium]ion, 2, from the oxidation of 4-iodobenzoic acid, 1, has been shown to facilitate the cleavage of a variety of alkenes in presence of Oxone as a co-oxidant. Optimization of the reaction conditions using 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene, 3, and the competitive oxidative cleavage of different substrates using the optimized conditions has uncovered important mechanistic details of the reaction.
Glass object segmentation by label transfer on joint depth and appearance manifolds (2013)

We address the glass object localization problem with a RGB-D camera. Our approach uses a nonparametric, data-driven label transfer scheme for local glass boundary estimation. A weighted voting scheme based on a joint feature manifold is adopted to integrate depth and appearance cues, and we learn a distance metric on the depth-encoded feature manifold. Local boundary evidence is then integrated into a MRF framework for spatially coherent glass object detection and segmentation. The efficacy of our approach is verified on a challenging RGB-D glass dataset where we obtained a clear improvement over the state-of-the-art both in terms of accuracy and speed.
Mutations in ATP13A2 (PARK9) are associated with an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like phenotype, implicating this locus in further phenotypic expansion (2019)

We here expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with genetic variants in ATP13A2 that previously comprised Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, spastic paraplegia 78, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 12 (CLN12), to also include juvenile-onset ALS, as supported by both genetic and functional data. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing a complete genetic profile towards obtaining an accurate clinical diagnosis.
Primary structure of human C-reactive protein. (1977)

The complete amino acid sequence of human C-reactive protein has been established. Distant homologies to C3 homology region in the CH2 domain of IgG and to C3a anaphylotoxin have been noted. No homology to other immunoglobulin homology regions or to the same homology region in other heavy chains was observed. The previously reported homologies between rabbit and human C-reactive protein and protein C1t have been extended and strengthened.
Theory of Water Filtration (1964)

The Kozeny equation of laminar flow through granular materials is extended to the transition region by means of a chart of the friction factor versus the Reynolds number. A chart of the backwashing number versus the Reynolds number is developed for estimating wash rates required at impending suspension and during suspension of filter grains. The friction factor during backwash decreases greatly at porosities greater than approximately 0.6. Small floc particles deposit in a filter, as a sheath, around the sand grains. A chart for the easy computation of the deposit ratio from the sand size and hydraulic gradient is presented. The rate of removal for a given volumetric concentration of floc in the water at each depth is found to decrease greatly with depth. This decrease in effectiveness is related to the adhesiveness of the floc to the sand.