gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact, fast-response synchronous measurement of temperature for UAV applications (2011)

We report a compact, portable, low power tunable diode laser based sensor for a fast, non-intrusive measurement of temperature on airborne-based vehicles. The proposed sensor design avoids common problems in existing sensors such as adiabatic compression of the ambient airstream, thermal inertia of the sensing element, and impinging cloud particles. These effects are quite common in the conventional temperature sensors used in most aerial vehicles for ambient temperature measurements. The molecular oxygen transitions are measured using a 765 nm wavelength range vertical cavity surface emitting laser in the spectral region of two closely spaced oxygen transitions, centered at 13069.95 cm<sup>-1</sup>and 13068.07 cm<sup>-1</sup> respectively, according to HITRAN database. Another advantage of the proposed sensor design is that it can simultaneously detect additional trace gas species along with in-situ temperature measurements. For example, in this design we detect carbon dioxide concentration using a 2000 nm wavelength laser. The two laser beams are co-aligned and coupled into a single 20 cm multipass cell. The absorption signal (from both carbon-dioxide and oxygen) was detected simultaneously on a 2 micron photodetector. Second harmonic (Nf, N=2) detection, using wavelength modulation spectroscopy was employed to enhance the sensitivity of measurements. The sensor can readily be miniaturized and consumes less than 2 W of power, ideal for use of unmanned aerial systems and other airborne platforms.
Study of spectral exponent on quiet and disturbed days (1985)

The spectral exponents of the diurnal and semidiurnal anisotropies are studied on quiet and disturbed days for a period from 1964 to 75. It has been observed for the diurnal anisotropy that the spectral exponent for quiet days is 0.0 from 1964 to 70, however during 1971 and onwards its value is found different from zero and is -0.4; for disturbed days the spectral exponent is observed to be 0.0 from 1964 to 75 with an exception of the year 1966. Further, it has been observed for the semi-diurnal anisotropy that the best value for the spectral exponent on quiet days being + 0.6 from 1964 to 74; however on disturbed days the value of spectral exponent is sometimes negative or positive but different from zero. It was derived from the present investigation that superimposed on the corotational anisotropy, expected from a balance between outward radial convection and inward field aligned diffusion, there is an additional component operating during the period under consideration.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial dysfunction in <i>hemodialysis</i> patients (2016)

These results indicated that dialysis patients had significantly lower blood 25-OH-D3 levels and higher CIMT than healthy subjects. In addition, vitamin D supplementation improved ED and increased %FMD in dialysis patients. Our findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation in dialysis patients might prevent CVD.
Pathophysiology of osteoporosis (2014)

Abstract • Peak bone mass is the major determinant of adult bone density.• Peak bone mass has a strong genetic component, with between 60 and 85% of the variance in bone mineral density (BMD) being attributable to genetic factors.• Bone strength is influenced by bone mass and bone quality where the latter comprises aspects of bone geometry, material properties, microstructure, and turnover.• Bone turnover is regulated by the interaction between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoporosis is defined as a disease of compromised bone strength, with bone strength made up of both bone mass and bone quality. Bone quality incorporates bone geometry, bone material properties, bone microstructure, and bone turnover. This compromise in bone strength leads to an increased risk of fracture.
The feeding processes of the cattle-tick<i>Boophilus microplus</i>(Canestrini): A study in host-parasite relations (1966)

The method of attachment of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) has been investigated on cattle of different breeds and susceptibility to infestation. Despite their differing sizes, the larval, nymphal and adult mouthparts penetrate to a similar depth towards the base of the Malpighian layer. Penetration may occur within 5 min of the arrival of the tick on the host. Attachment is accomplished by the secretion of a cement substance in which the mouthparts are embedded and which adheres firmly to the hosts skin. The cement consists of two main components: a cortex of carbohydrate-containing protein, stabilized by quinone tanning and disulphide linkages, and an internum which is lipoprotein in nature. The start of the secretion of cement and the initial cutting of the host tissues by the chelicerae occur simultaneously. Final rapid engorgement of each stage is preceded by a secondary secretion of cement into a fluid-filled cavity which forms directly beneath the mouthparts and provides additional support. It is concluded that attachment is an entirely mechanical process by an inert cement which does not provoke the development of host-parasite factors inimical to the tick. It is with much pleasure that we acknowledge generous financial support by the Australian Cattle and Beef Research Committee which has made possible this project.
The pulsatility index and the resistive index in renal arteries. Associations with long-term progression in chronic renal failure (1997)

PI and RI correlated to the severity of the renal disease, as reflected by the rate of decline in reciprocal serum creatinine during antihypertensive treatment. The median RI or PI value could separate the patients into groups one of slow and another of fast progression.
Conductivity and redox stability of new perovskite oxides SrFe0.7TM0.2Ti0.1O3-δ (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) (2017)

New perovskite oxides SrFe0.7TM0.2Ti0.1O3-δ (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) were synthesised by sol-gel processes. Their redox stability and conductivity in both air and 5%H2/Ar were investigated in details. The cubic perovskite structure was also observed for all dopants with variation in the lattice parameters associated with different dopant environments and charge compensation mechanisms. Improvement of the electronic conductivity over SrFe0.9Ti0.1O3-δ was observed for all dopants in air, attributed to increasing charge carrier concentrations. Reduction in 5% H2/Ar exhibited minimal a material properties for SrFe0.7Cu0.2Ti0.1O3-δ, with a significant reduction in conductivity was observed for SrFe0.7Mn0.2Ti0.1O3-δ. All doped compounds exhibited a single phase cubic perovskite structure after reduction in 5%H2/Ar at 700 °C with the exception of SrFe0.7Ni0.2Ti0.1O3-δ and SrFe0.7Co0.2Ti0.1O3-δ which displays secondary nickel and cobalt phases respectively upon reduction. SrFe0.7Cu0.2Ti0.1O3-δ is redox stable at a temperature below 700 °C and highly conductive with conductivities around 10 S cm− 1 in both air and reducing atmosphere which are about five times higher than those of pure SrFe0.9Ti0.1O3-δ. In terms of conductivity and redox stability, it is a potential redox stable electrode material for reversible and symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells as well.
Positron Emission Tomographic Analysis of Dose-Dependent MDL 100,907 Binding to 5-Hydroxytryptamine-2A Receptors in the Human Brain (1998)

Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) antagonism has been proposed as a mechanism of atypical antipsychotic drug action. MDL 100,907, a new selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, has high affinity in vitro for 5-HT2A receptors and is being developed as a potential antipsychotic drug. In this study, neocortical 5-HT2A receptor occupancy was measured in six healthy male volunteers after placebo and escalating single doses (1-72 mg) of MDL 100,907 using positron emission tomography and the nonspecific radioligand [11C]N-methylspiperone ([11C]NMSP). Receptor occupancy was calculated using a ratio-equilibrium analysis, assuming that maximal radioligand binding inhibition represents 100% 5-HT2A receptor occupancy. Plasma concentrations of MDL 100,907 were measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters area under the curve and peak plasma concentration increased linearly with dose, with rapid absorption and a 6- to 9-hour elimination half-life. The neocortical binding of [11C]NMSP was inhibited dose-dependently. After administration of 6 mg of MDL 100,907 the inhibition was 70%, corresponding to a 5-HT2A receptor occupancy of 90%. The calculated maximal inhibition was 77%. These observations indicate that MDL 100,907 passes the blood-brain barrier and binds to 5-HT2A receptors in a saturable manner in the living human brain. Repeated doses of MDL 100,907, 10 mg/day or more, should induce a sustained 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in most patients. Thus, MDL 100,907 provides a suitable tool to evaluate the potential of selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonism in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Application-Aware MCS Level Selection Method for Cross-Layered Retransmission Scheme (2014)

In this letter, we propose an application-aware modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level selection method for a cross-layered retransmission scheme. The existing MCS level selection methods use fixed target packet error rate (PER) only and do not take into account quality of service (QoS) requirements for an application. This may cause a discrepancy between the QoS requirements of an application and the criterion for selection of an MCS level. Therefore, the channel utilization is decreased due to the discrepancy. To remove the discrepancy, the application-aware MCS level selection method adjusts a target PER according to the type of application. We have shown that the proposed scheme can improve the wireless channel utilization.
Characterization and assay of progesterone receptor in human mammary carcinoma. (1977)

[3H]Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione ([3H]progesterone)-receptor complexes from human mammary carcinoma were found to be stabilized in the presence of glycerol. The dissociation rate constant was lowered and the equilibrium dissociation constant was decreased (KD=3 nM in the absence of glycerol and 1.1 nM in the presence of 30% glycerol), whereas no clear-cut effect on the association rate was observed and no change occurred in the concentration of binding sites. Cortisol was found to compete with [3H]progesterone only at concentrations higher than 1 muM. This made it possible to distinguish [3H]progesterone binding to the receptor from binding to corticosteroid-binding globulin. Synthetic progestins [6-chloro-17-acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (chlromadinone acetate), 17alpha-ethinyl, 17-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (norethisterone), and 17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione (R5020)] were found to have a high affinity for the receptor, whereas 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione had an affinity about one-half that of progesterone itself 5beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione, 17alpha-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (estradiol), 11beta,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (corticosterone), estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol, and 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (testosterone) were weak inhibitors of [3H]progesterone binding. Sedimentation on glycerol gradients showed different patterns in different tumors; i.e., [3H]progesterone specific binding having the characteristics of receptor was found either in the 8 S region, in the 4.5 S region, or in both. Activated progesterone-receptor complex from human mammary carcinoma cytosol was shown to bind to human DNA. An assay of the receptor based on these binding properties is described. This assay measures the total concentration of cytosol receptor since it makes possible the exchange of endogenous hormone for excess added [3H]progesterone. Of 55 biopsies examined by this method, 35 (64%) had a concentration of progesterone receptor-binding sites higher than 10 fmoles/mg protein. There was a positive correlation between the amounts of estrogen and progesterone receptors.
Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in adult periodontal disease: increased monocyte chemotactic activity in crevicular fluids and induction of MCP-1 expression in gingival tissues (1993)

The present study shows that monocyte chemotactic activity in crevicular fluids increases with severity of the disease and that a monocyte chemoattractant, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), is expressed as the predominant cytokine of gingival tissues and their fibroblasts treated with Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P-LPS). High monocyte chemotactic activity in the crevicular fluids was neutralized significantly by antiserum specific for the JE/MCP-1 protein. Marked expression of the MCP-1 gene was observed in the gingival tissues of all adult periodontal patients tested, but not in those of healthy subjects. Monocyte chemotactic activity was observed in culture supernatants of human normal gingival tissues treated with P-LPS, and the chemotactic activity increased in a dose-related manner. Expression of MCP-1 in P-LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts was further examined. P-LPS induced the MCP-1 gene expression in a dose- and treatment time-dependent manner. The MCP-1 gene product in the culture supernatant was detected as two forms with molecular masses of 11,000 and 15,000 Da by immunoprecipitation with the specific antiserum. The MCP-1 gene expression was induced in the fibroblasts treated with interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not with interleukin-6. These results suggest that gingival fibroblasts can participate in monocyte recruitment in gingival tissues of adult periodontal patients via the MCP-1 gene product and that MCP-1 plays an important role in the inflammatory reaction in the disease.
CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Type 1 Cytotoxic T Cells Both Play a Crucial Role in the Full Development of Contact Hypersensitivity (2000)

The role of CD4(+) vs CD8(+) T cells in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) remains controversial. In this study, we used gene knockout (KO) mice deficient in CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells to directly address this issue. Mice lacking either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells demonstrated depressed CHS responses to dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The depression of CHS was more significant in CD8 KO mice than in CD4 KO mice. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of either CD8(+) T cells from CD4 KO mice or CD4(+) T cells from CD8 KO mice virtually abolished CHS responses. Lymph node cells (LNCs) from hapten-sensitized CD4 and CD8 KO mice showed a decreased capacity for transferring CHS. In vitro depletion of either CD4(+) T cells from CD8 KO LNCs or CD8(+) T cells from CD4 KO LNCs resulted in a complete loss of CHS transfer. LNCs from CD4 and CD8 KO mice produced significant amounts of IFN-gamma, indicating that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are able to secrete IFN-gamma. LNCs from CD8, but not CD4, KO mice were able to produce IL-4 and IL-10, suggesting that IL-4 and IL-10 are mainly derived from CD4(+) T cells. Intracellular cytokine staining of LNCs confirmed that IFN-gamma-positive cells consisted of CD4(+) (Th1) and CD8(+) (type 1 cytotoxic T) T cells, whereas IL-10-positive cells were exclusively CD4(+) (Th2) T cells. Collectively, these results suggest that both CD4(+) Th1 and CD8(+) type 1 cytotoxic T cells are crucial effector cells in CHS responses to dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone in C57BL/6 mice.
Control of axillary bud initiation and shoot architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> through the <i>SUPERSHOOT</i> gene (2001)

The aerial architecture of flowering plants is determined to a large extent by shoot growth and shoot branching arising from the initiation and growth of axillary meristems. We have identified an Arabidopsis mutant, supershoot (sps), which is characterized by a massive overproliferation of shoots, such that a single plant can generate 500 or more inflorescences. Analysis of the mutant plants shows that the primary defect is because of an increase in the number of meristems formed in leaf axils, together with release of bud arrest, resulting in reiterative branch formation from rosette and cauline leaves. The SPS gene is shown here to encode a cytochrome P450, and together with a 3- to 9-fold increase in levels of Z-type cytokinins in sps mutant plants, indicate a role for SPS in modulating hormone levels. The expression pattern of SPS, with strong expression at the leaf axils, correlates well with the phenotypic defects. Our results indicate that control of shoot branching in Arabidopsis may be accomplished in part by suppression of axillary meristem initiation and growth through the localized attenuation of cytokinin levels at sites of bud initiation.
Influence of the noise model on level set active contour segmentation (2004)

We analyze level set implementation of region snakes based on the maximum likelihood method for different noise models that belong to the exponential family. We show that this approach can improve segmentation results in noisy images and we demonstrate that the regularization term can be efficiently determined using an information theory-based approach, i.e., the minimum description length principle. The criterion to be optimized has no free parameter to be tuned by the user and the obtained segmentation technique is adapted to nonsimply connected objects.
Androgenetic alopecia (common baldness). (1991)

Alopecia is a common problem affecting the scalp in both men and women. The vast majority of all cases of alopecia are of the androgenetic variety. The clinical and endocrinologic features of this disorder are reviewed. Potential therapies, including surgical and medical modalities, are mentioned.
Cationic nano-copolymers mediated IKKbeta targeting siRNA inhibit the proliferation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in vitro. (2008)

All the results demonstrate that CS-g-(PEI-b-mPEG) is a promising candidate for siRNA delivery, featuring excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and transfection efficiency. The RNA interference (RNAi) strategy using cationic copolymers as siRNA carriers will be a safe and efficient anti-scarring method following glaucoma filtration surgery.
FSC-Q: A CryoEM map-to-atomic model quality validation based on the local Fourier Shell Correlation (2020)

Abstract In recent years, advances in cryoEM have dramatically increased the resolution of Coulomb potential maps and, with it, the number of solved atomic models. It is widely accepted that the quality of cryoEM maps varies locally; therefore, the evaluation of the maps-derived structural models must be done locally as well. In this article, a method for the local analysis of the map-to-model fit is presented. The algorithm uses a comparison of two local resolution maps. The first is the local FSC (Fourier shell correlation) between the full map and the model, while the second is calculated between the half maps normally used in typical single particle analysis workflows. We call the new quality measure “FSC-Q”, and it is a quantitative estimation of how much of the model is supported by the signal content of the map. Furthermore, we show that FSC-Q may be helpful to avoid overfitting. It can be used to complement other methods, such as the Q-score method that estimates the resolvability of atoms.
Localization of the O-Glycosylated Sites in Peptides by Fixed-Charge Derivatization with a Phosphonium Group (2004)

The present study demonstrates that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/postsource decay (MALDI/PSD) analysis of the molecular cation of glycopeptides derivatized at their amino terminus with a phosphonium group cleaves peptide backbone without removing the glycan. The predictable a-type fragment ions retain the glycan moiety, enabling unambiguous localization of O-glycans on the peptide chain. In contrast, collision-activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry analysis carried out on the doubly charged protonated phosphonium cation results in the predominant loss of the sugar moiety from the peptide. This result supports the previously proposed charge-induced fragmentation mechanism of the sugar-peptide bond. MALDI/PSD analysis of glycopeptides converted to their acetyl phosphonium derivatives is an effective alternative to electron capture dissociation, as illustrated by the positioning of up to three GalNac residues along the full tandem repeat peptide sequence derived from the MUC 5AC mucin.
Lost in Translation: Defects in Transfer RNA Modifications and Neurological Disorders (2017)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are key molecules participating in protein synthesis. To augment their functionality they undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications and, as such, are subject to regulation at multiple levels including transcription, transcript processing, localization and ribonucleoside base modification. Post-transcriptional enzyme-catalyzed modification of tRNA occurs at a number of base and sugar positions and influences specific anticodon-codon interactions and regulates translation, its efficiency and fidelity. This phenomenon of nucleoside modification is most remarkable and results in a rich structural diversity of tRNA of which over 100 modified nucleosides have been characterized. Most often these hypermodified nucleosides are found in the wobble position of tRNAs, where they play a direct role in codon recognition as well as in maintaining translational efficiency and fidelity, etc. Several recent studies have pointed to a link between defects in tRNA modifications and human diseases including neurological disorders. Therefore, defects in tRNA modifications in humans need intensive characterization at the enzymatic and mechanistic level in order to pave the way to understand how lack of such modifications are associated with neurological disorders with the ultimate goal of gaining insights into therapeutic interventions.
A Novel and Efficient Approach for the Combinatorial Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Pyrimidines on solid support (1997)

Abstract We describe a versatile novel approach for the synthesis of 2, 4, 6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines on solid support. Thus, polymer‐boun J thiouronium salt 2 reacted in high yield in a cyclocondensation reaction with the acetylenic ketones 3 to form, after tert ‐butyl‐ester cleavage, the polymer‐bound carboxylic acids 4 , which were cleaved by oxidation with 3‐chloroperbenzoic acid and pyrrolidine to form the 2‐pyrrolidinylpyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acids 6a‐c in high yields and purities without further purification ( Scheme 1 ). Alternatively, acid 4a was subjected to an Ugi four‐component condensation which gave the polymer‐bound Ugi products 9a‐e in good yields ( Scheme 2 ). Multidirectional cleavage reaction of sulfone 8a with different nucleophiles resulted in the clean formation of pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamides 10–13 ( Scheme 3 ). This strategy combines efficiently solid‐phase chemistry with a multicomponent reaction and a multidirectional cleavage step to form highly diverse pyrimidines in a parallel array.
The Isolation and Structure Identification of a Disaccharide Containing Manno-muramic Acid from Micrococcus lysodeikticus Cell Wall (1972)

Abstract The dialyzable fraction obtained after degradation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell wall with egg white lysozyme was fractionated on columns of Dowex 50 and Dowex 1 ion exchange resins. In addition to the di- and tetrasaccharides and disaccharide peptides previously reported, a new tetrasaccharide and a new disaccharide were isolated in low yields, about 3 to 4% and 2%, respectively, of the total carbohydrate chain of the peptidoglycan. The tetrasaccharide contains 2 residues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (N-acetylglucosamine), 1 residue of N-acetylmuramic acid, and 1 residue of muramic acid, probably as the internal amide. The disaccharide contains 1 residue of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (1 → 4)-linked to 1 residue of manno-muramic acid. The latter component gave by drastic hydrolysis 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-mannose (d-mannosamine) and was found, by gasliquid chromatography of the per(trimethylsilyl) ether of the methyl ester methyl α-d-glycoside, to be identical with synthetic manno-muramic acid.