gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of artifacts in dental cone beam CT images to improve the three dimensional image reconstruction (2012)

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanners are based on volumetric tomography, using a 2D extended digital array providing an area detector [1,2]. Compared to traditional CT, CBCT has many advantages, such as less X-ray beam limitation, and rapid scan time, etc. However, in CBCT images the x-ray beam has lower mean kilovolt (peak) energy, so the metal artifact is more pronounced on. The position of the shadowed region in other views can be tracked by projecting the 3D coordinates of the object. Automatic image segmentation was used to replace the pixels inside the metal object with the boundary pixels. The modified projection data, using synthetically Radon Transformation, were then used to reconstruct a new back projected CBCT image. In this paper, we present a method, based on the morphological, area and pixel operators, which we applied on the Radon transformed image, to reduce the metal artifacts in CBCT, then we built the Radon back project images using the radon invers transformation. The artifacts effects on the 3d-reconstruction is that, the soft tissues appears as bones or teeth. For the preprocessing of the CBCT images, two methods are used to recognize the noisy black areas that the first depends on thresholding and closing algorithm, and the second depends on tracing boundaries after using thresholding algorithm too. The intensity of these areas is the lowest in the image than other tissues, so we profit this property to detect the edges of these areas. These two methods are applied on phantom and patient image data. It deals with reconstructed CBCT dicom images and can effectively reduce such metal artifacts. Due to the data of the constructed images are corrupted by these metal artifacts, qualitative and quantitative analysis of CBCT images is very essential.
Dendritic Cells for Anomaly Detection (2006)

Artificial immune systems, more specifically the negative selection algorithm, have previously been applied to intrusion detection. The aim of this research is to develop an intrusion detection system based on a novel concept in immunology, the Danger Theory. Dendritic Cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells and key to the activation of the human immune system. DCs perform the vital role of combining signals from the host tissue and correlate these signals with proteins known as antigens. In algorithmic terms, individual DCs perform multi-sensor data fusion based on time-windows. The whole population of DCs asynchronously correlates the fused signals with a secondary data stream. The behaviour of human DCs is abstracted to form the DC Algorithm (DCA), which is implemented using an immune inspired framework, libtissue. This system is used to detect context switching for a basic machine learning dataset and to detect outgoing portscans in real-time. Experimental results show a significant difference between an outgoing portscan and normal traffic.
Normal levels of clusterin in cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease, and no change after acute ischemic stroke (2001)

The protein clusterin has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its expression is increased in brain regions affected by AD pathology, and to elucidate if there is a concomitant increase of clusterin also in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different neurological disorders, CSF samples from patients with AD, vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and controls were analysed. Also longitudinal (five occasions) samples from patients with acute stroke were analysed, to follow any degenerative/regenerative phase after acute brain damage. However, there were no changes in CSF-clusterin levels from patients in AD, VAD, PD or acute stroke, as compared to controls. The increase of clusterin in brain tissue is suggested to reflect a regenerative response process, which here is shown not to be followed by a concomitant increase in the CSF. Thus, CSF-clusterin can not be used as an indicator or a diagnostic marker for AD.
[Investigation of sarcoplasmic reticulum SH-groups]. (1979)

The amount and the reaction capacity of the thiol groups in the sarcoplasmic reticulum containing up to 86% of Ca-ATPase were determined using 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-hydroxo-1,3-diazole (NBD-chloride). The total amount of SH-groups interacting with NBD-chloride is about 9 moles/10(5) g of protein as determined in the excess of NBD-chloride (750 micrometers). With respect to their sensitivity to NBD-chloride the SH-groups may be divided into two classes: slow and fast ones (5,3 and 3,5 moles/10(5) g of protein, respectively). The modification constants for the fast and slow SH-groups are 0,16 and 0,015min-1. ATP (30 micrometers) decreases the number of fast groups by 1 mole/10(5) g of protein. At higher concentrations of ATP (1--3 mM) the amount of fast SH-groups is decreased by 3 moles/10(5) g of protein, their modification rate constant being decreased 2-fold. ATP at concentration of 1 mM, decreases the rate constant for the Ca-ATPase inactivation by NBD-chloride from 0.68 down to 0,073 min-1, which coincides with the modification rate constant for fast SH-groups (0,071 min-1) under the same conditions. Ca2+ at concentration of 10(-4) M increases the amount of fast thiol groups by 1 mole/10(5) g of protein, the rate constant of their modification by NBD-chloride being increased 2-fold. A half-maximal effect was observed in the presence of 5.10(-7) M Ca2+ . Mg2+ did not affect the total amount of fast thiol groups; however, it decreased their modification rate constant.
Transfer RNA genes in mycobacteria: organization and molecular cloning. (1990)

DNAs from nine mycobacterial species were cleaved with different restriction endonucleases and hybridized with cDNA probes synthesized to total transfer RNAs (tRNAs) from Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis. The hybridization data indicate that tRNA genes are conserved but their gross genomic organization has diverged in six of the nine species examined. Species of the MTB complex appeared to have identical tRNA gene organization. Hybridization with cDNAs synthesized to 23S plus 16S rRNAs from Escherichia coli indicate that the tRNA genes map near the rRNA genes. Recombinant plasmids, pSB1, pSB2, pSB4 and pSB8 encoding tRNA(s) and rRNA(s) were isolated from a gene bank of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Using pSB2 as probe, a SalI RFLP was observed that distinguishes the virulent and avirulent strains of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra, respectively.
Detection of DNA Hybridization by Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Transmission Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (2003)

Self-assembly of a submonolayer of thiolated DNA and mercaptohexanol spacer, as well as the DNA hybridization, could be readily sensed by gold nanoislands deposited on a glass slide by transmission surface plasmon resonance (T-SPR) spectroscopy. The sensitivity of T-SPR dramatically increased by the functionalization of the complementary DNA by 11.7 ± 1.9 nm gold nanoparticles. This enhanced sensitivity is rationalized by the constructive interactions of the gold nanoisland and gold nanoparticle surface plasmon resonances.
Low-Cost Silicone Imaging Casts for Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae (2013)

Due to their size and optical clarity, zebrafish embryos have long been appreciated for their usefulness in time-lapse confocal microscopy. Current methods of mounting zebrafish embryos and larvae for imaging consist mainly of mounting in low percentage, low melting temperature agarose in a Petri dish. Whereas imaging methods have advanced greatly over the last two decades, the methods for mounting embryos have not changed significantly. In this article, we describe the development and use of 3D printed plastic molds. These molds can be used to create silicone casts and allow embryos and larvae to be mounted with a consistent and reproducible angle, and position in X, Y, and Z. These molds are made on a 3D printer and can be easily and cheaply reproduced by anyone with access to a 3D printer, making this method accessible to the entire zebrafish community. Molds can be reused to create additional casts, which can be reused after imaging. These casts are compatible with any upright microscope and can be adapted for use on an inverted microscope, taking the working distance of the objective used into account. This technique should prove to be useful to any researcher imaging zebrafish embryos.
Voltage-controlled interlayer coupling in perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (2017)

Magnetic interlayer coupling is one of the central phenomena in spintronics. It has been predicted that the sign of interlayer coupling can be manipulated by electric fields, instead of electric currents, thereby offering a promising low energy magnetization switching mechanism. Here we present the experimental demonstration of voltage-controlled interlayer coupling in a new perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction system with a GdO<sub>x</sub> tunnel barrier, where a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a sizable tunnelling magnetoresistance have been achieved at room temperature. Owing to the interfacial nature of the magnetism, the ability to move oxygen vacancies within the barrier, and a large proximity-induced magnetization of GdO<sub>x</sub>, both the magnitude and the sign of the interlayer coupling in these junctions can be directly controlled by voltage. These results pave a new path towards achieving energy-efficient magnetization switching by controlling interlayer coupling.
Laser‐induced release of liposome‐encapsulated dye to monitor tissue temperature: A preliminary in vivo study (1995)

The feasibility of temperature monitoring by using laser-induced release of liposome-encapsulated dye was demonstrated. This procedure could conceivably prove useful for controlling the thermal coagulation of biological tissues such as blood vessels.
Comparison of simultaneous switching noise measurements using netlist compatible multilayer ceramic packages having variously compromised reference planes (2003)

This paper presents a comparison of simultaneous switching-output noise and skew measurements taken with a 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS test chip on three flip-chip, multilayer-ceramic, single-chip modules (SCMs) having differing amounts of reference mesh and power-supply vias in the package under the chip outline. Missing reference mesh equates to poor current-return paths for signals traversing such package regions. Missing power-supply vias equate to increased supply inductance. The test chip has 732 individually programmable off-chip output buffers, each of which can be individually probed. The first package has full reference mesh under the chip. The second package has reference mesh only in the upper half of the package under the chip. The third package has essentially no reference mesh under the chip. Technology and design features of the chip and package test vehicles are described. Noise and delay measurement techniques and results are presented. The large number of off-chip output buffers enables a statistical view of transmitted noise and skew behavior as signal current-return paths are compromised. This analysis is graphically presented and discussed. Several types of simulations, including extracted loop inductance and full-wave simulation of coupling parameters, are presented. These simulations elucidate the large differences in measured transmitted noise and off-chip output buffer skew between the three packages.
Simple distortion-free real-time optical pulse correlator (1982)

We report the design and operation of a novel real-time optical pulse correlator, a device used for the measurement and correlation of ultrashort optical pulses. In our design, an accelerometer and a pair of integrators are used to obtain the instantaneous position of the rapidly moving arm of the correlator; this permits the attainment of a distortion-free display of the correlation trace even in the presence of significant non-linearities in the motion of the oscillating arm.
Characterization of Multiprotein Complexes of the <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Outer Membrane Vesicles (2011)

Among bacterial cell envelopes, the Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane (OM) is structurally unique in that the identities of many protein complexes remain unknown; however, their characterization is the first step toward our understanding of membrane protein interactions and potential functions. Here, we used two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE/mass spectrometric analysis for a global characterization of protein-protein interactions as well as to identify protein complexes in OM vesicles isolated from multiple infectious sensu stricto isolates of B. burgdorferi. Although we uncovered the existence of at least 10 distinct OM complexes harboring several unique subunits, the complexome is dominated by the frequent occurrence of a limited diversity of membrane proteins, most notably P13, outer surface protein (Osp) A, -B, -C, and -D and Lp6.6. The occurrence of these complexes and specificity of subunit interaction were further supported by independent two-dimensional immunoblotting and coimmunoprecipitation assays as well as by mutagenesis studies, where targeted depletion of a subunit member (P66) selectively abolished a specific complex. Although a comparable profile of the OM complexome was detected in two major infectious isolates, such as B31 and 297, certain complexes are likely to occur in an isolate-specific manner. Further assessment of protein complexes in multiple Osp-deficient isolates showed loss of several protein complexes but revealed the existence of additional complex/subunits that are undetectable in wild-type cells. Together, these observations uncovered borrelial antigens involved in membrane protein interactions. The study also suggests that the assembly process of OM complexes is specific and that the core or stabilizing subunits vary between complexes. Further characterization of these protein complexes including elucidation of their biological significance may shed new light on the mechanism of pathogen persistence and the development of preventative measures against the infection.
Poor Adherence to AASLD Guidelines for Chronic Hepatitis B Management and Treatment in a Large Academic Medical Center (2014)

Our findings show remarkably poor adherence to AASLD guidelines, particularly in the areas of liver biopsy, timely HCC and ALT monitoring, and testing for co-infection. These findings call for greater efforts to meet physician knowledge gaps, incorporation of decision support tools, and improved communication among providers.
The Pathway Of Phenylpropanoid Degradation In Pseudomonas Putida Mt-2 (cinnamic Acids, Regulation). (1986)

The metabolic pathway for the degradation of ferulic acid (FER), p-coumaric acid (COU), caffeic acid (CAF), 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoic acid (pOHPP), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropanoic acid (DiOHPP) has been determined in Pseudomonas putida mt-2. The degradation involves at least four enzymatic steps: (1) oxidation of the phenylpropanoic acid (pOHPP, DiOHPP) to the corresponding cinnamic acid (COU, CAF, FER); (2) conversion of the cinnamic acid to its corresponding CoA-ester; (3) aldol-cleavage of the CoA-ester to yield acetyl-CoA and the corresponding substituted benzaldehyde; (4) oxidation of the substituted benzaldehyde to the corresponding benzoic acid. The benzoic acid analogs produced then are converted to protocatechuic acid (PCA) and metabolized via the 3-ketoadipate pathway. The enzymes involved include a phenylpropanoic acid dehydrogenase, a phenylpropenoyl-CoA synthase, a phenylpropenoyl-CoA aldolase, and an NAD-dependent aromatic aldehyde dehydrogenase. All four enzymes are induced co-incidently by FER, COU, and CAF, which also are the products of the first enzyme of the sequence, the phenylpropanoic acid dehydrogenase. There appear to be two aromatic aldehyde dehydrogenases: one induced by FER, COU and CAF, and the other induced by aromatic aldehydes. The enzymes acting on the substituted benzoic acids appear to be induced sequentially by their substrates. Blocked metabolic mutants were isolated after treatment of wild-type cells with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG). Using recombinant DNA techniques two recombinant plasmids, pR01879-3 and X363, were obtained containing 4.3 and 4.0 kb, respectively, of P. putida chromosomal DNA inserted into the unique PstI site of the Pseudomonas vector pR01727. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo analysis of the complementation properties of these recombinant molecules in the wild-type and mutant backgrounds is consistent with positive regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism in P. putida mt-2. Plasmid pR01879-3 appears to carry the structural gene(s) coding for the phenylpropenoyl-CoA aldolase activity. The complementation properties of X363 suggests it may carry DNA coding for part of the mechanism regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. Further work is necessary to confirm these observations.
Time variability and depolarization of the local multipoint distribution service radio channel (1997)

This paper summarizes 28.8-GHz radiowave propagation measurements made for the local multipoint distribution services (LMDS) radio channel. Time variability and depolarization of the LMDS channel in a suburban environment were analyzed and possible propagation mechanisms are discussed. The signal variability was measured using k-factors and was compared to the Nakagami-Rice cumulative distribution function. Depolarization caused by vegetation and other signal scatterers was found to be an order of magnitude greater than rain-induced depolarization.
Adaptive Blockchain-Based Electric Vehicle Participation Scheme in Smart Grid Platform (2018)

The electric vehicle (EV) charging scheme can reduce the power generation costs and improve the smart grid resilience. However, the huge penetrations of EVs can impact the voltage stability and operating costs. In this paper, a novel EV participation charging scheme is proposed for a decentralized blockchain-enabled smart grid system. Our objectives are to minimize the power fluctuation level in the grid network and the overall charging cost for EV users. We first formulate the power fluctuation level problem of the smart grid system that take into accounts of EV battery capacities, charging rates, and EV users charging behavior. And then, we propose a novel adaptive blockchain-based electric vehicle participation (AdBEV) scheme that uses the Iceberg order execution algorithm to obtain an improved EV charging and discharging schedule. The simulation results show the proposed scheme outperforms the scheme that applying genetic algorithm approach in term of lowering the power fluctuation level and overall charging costs.
Modified address resolution protocol for delay improvement in distributed environment (2013)

Today many techniques and methodology are available for the computing and communication in distributed environment. Even then distributed environment in computing has some issues related to sharing the data and locating services. In this research work we have proposed a binding server which is designed to register an application from client and it provides the communication facility through remote procedure call. When numbers of nodes are limited and load of running applications are more, the sharing of applications among different node can definitely improve performance. This paper explains methodology that can modify Address Resolution Protocol in order to achieve higher packet delivery ratio and lower delay ratio. Proposed methodology is helpful in giving steady and stable communication in distributed system with minimum delay.
Metabolic Clearance Rates (MCR) and Production Rates (PR) of Plasma Progesterone in Pregnant and Pseudopregnant Rabbits (1975)

Our studies were designed to determine whether changing peripheral progesterone levels in rabbits reflected changing metabolic clearance rates (MCR) or changing production rates (PR), or both. Plasma progesterone concentrations rise from nonpregnancy levels to peak values at the end of the first third of gestation and at midpseudopregnancy. In the pregnant rabbit, these decline slowly during the second third of gestation and then more rapidly until near nonpregnancy values are reached at term. Progesterone levels decline sharply during the second half of pseudopregnancy. During pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, we found only small variations in MCRs which cannot account for the approximately 10-fold increase in plasma progesterone concentrations. The increases can, however, be accounted for by changes in PRs which rose sharply after conception of hCG injection to 14-fold the nonpregnancy level on day 16 of gestation and 11-fold on day 7 of pseudopregnancy. These results indicate that changes in ovarian PRs are the major factor for the variations in peripheral progesterone levels during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. The rabbit differs in this respect from the guinea pig, in which changing progesterone concentrations during pregnancy were shown to reflect sharply reduced MCRs. After a single injection of progesterone in 20-day pregnant rabbits, the disappearance of the steroid from the circulation consisted of two components; an initial phase during which progesterone disappeared rapidly (t1/2 = 2.4 +/- 0.2 min) followed by a slower rate of disappearance (t1/2 = 21.5 +/- 2.2 min).
Site of action of hematoporphyrin (a photo-activated insecticide) in Culex pipiens larvae (2002)

The histopathological effect of hematoporphyrin on the mid-gut and the integument of the fourth larval instar of C. pipiens was studied using a transmission electron microscope. In this study C. pipiens larvae were treated with different concentration of hematoporphyrin. The concentration 5 × 10 -4 M/L was found to produce 100% mortality after half-hour exposure to the 400 W/M 2 artificial lights using a solar simulator. The ultrastructural examination showed that the normal lamellate cuticle was heavily affected, taking the shape of amorphous cuticular region. The endo- and exo-cuticle were not distinguishable. It was found that the epidermal cells underneath the cuticle were distorted. The mitochondria of these cells exhibited irregular shapes. The fat body underneath the integument could be detected with visible vacuolisation. Muscle cells revealed the degenerated sarcomeres with gaps and vacuoles. The Z discs have irregular shape and are distorted. Mid-gut cells appeared with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The Golgi body is fragmented into small bodies. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is broken-down into separate vascular structures. These cytopathological observations confirm the insecticidal efficiency of hematoporphyrin against C. pipiens larvae. KEY WORDS: histopathology, mid-gut, integument, insect larvae, TEM Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.4 2002: 133-141
A Nanoselenium Sponge for Instantaneous Mercury Removal to Undetectable Levels (2017)

Selective removal of aqueous mercury to levels below 10 ng L −1 or part per trillion remains an elusive goal for public health and environmental agencies. Here, it is shown that a low‐cost nanocomposite sponge prepared by growing selenium (Se) nanomaterials on the surface and throughout the bulk of a polyurethane sponge exhibits a record breaking‐mercury ion (Hg 2+ ) removal rate, regardless of the pH. The exposure of aqueous solutions containing 10 mg L −1 –12 ng L −1 Hg 2+ to the sponge for a few seconds results in clean water with undetectable mercury levels (detection limit: 0.2 ng L −1 ). Such performance is far below the acceptable limits in drinking water (2 µg L −1 ), industrial effluents (0.2 µg L −1 ), and the most stringent surface water quality standards (1.3 ng L −1 ). The sponge shows a unique preference for Hg, does not retain water nutrients, and can significantly reduce the concentration of other heavy metal pollutants. Furthermore, the sponge shows no cytotoxic effect on human cells while exhibiting strong antimicrobial properties. The high affinity of Hg for Se results in irreversible sequestration and detoxification of mercury by the sponge, confirming the suitability for landfill disposal.