gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetic Acid (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Production 4.1. Carbonylation of Methanol 4.2. Direct Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons 4.3. Acetaldehyde Process 4.4. Other Processes 4.5. Concentration and Purification 4.6. Construction Materials 5. Wastewater and Off-Gas Problems 6. Quality Specifications 7. Analysis 8. Storage, Transportation, and Customs Regulations 9. Uses 10. Derivatives 10.1. Salts 10.1.1. Aluminum Acetate 10.1.2. Ammonium Acetate 10.1.3. Alkali Metal Salts 10.2. Esters 10.2.1. Methyl Acetate 10.2.2. Ethyl Acetate 10.2.3. Butyl Acetate 10.2.4. 2-Ethylhexyl Acetate 10.2.5. Other Esters 10.3. Acetyl Chloride 10.4. Amides 10.4.1. Acetamide 10.4.2. N,N-Dimethylacetamide 10.5. Phenylacetic Acid 11. Economic Aspects 12. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Adversarial Planning Through Strategy Simulation (2007)

Adversarial planning in highly complex decision domains, such as modern video games, has not yet received much attention from AI researchers. In this paper, we present a planning framework that uses strategy simulation in conjunction with Nash-equilibrium strategy approximation. We apply this framework to an army deployment problem in a real-time strategy game setting and present experimental results that indicate a performance gain over the scripted strategies that the system is built on. This technique provides an automated way of increasing the decision quality of scripted AI systems and is therefore ideally suited for video games and combat simulators
Si<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>Core-Level Shifts at the Si(001)-Si<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Interface: A First-Principles Study (1995)

Using a first-principles approach, we calculate core-level shifts at the Si(001)-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface. By fully relaxing interfaces between Si and tridymite, a crystalline form of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, we obtain interface models with good local structural properties and with no electronic states in the Si gap. Calculated values of Si $2p$ core-level shifts agree well with data from photoemission experiments and show a linear dependence on the number of nearest-neighbor oxygen atoms. Core-hole relaxation accounts for \ensuremath{\sim}50% of the total shifts, in good agreement with Auger experiments.
Pulse therapy with one-week itraconazole monthly for three or four months in the treatment of onychomycosis. (1995)

In an open study, twenty-eight patients with toenail onychomycosis were treated with monthly cycles of 400 mg itraconazole daily for one week for three (n = 5) or four (n = 23) consecutive months. In this patient sample, a total of seventy-one toenails were affected, with a mean nail-plate involvement of 55 percent (range, 20 to 100 percent). Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by T. mentagrophytes. After active therapy, patients were evaluated for a maximum period of two years (mean, twelve months). A total of twenty-six of twenty-eight patients (93 percent) were considered as clinically cured. Of the remaining two patients, one was markedly improved and one appeared to have relapsed. Only three of seventy-one nails still exhibited some pathologic involvement. Of the twenty-six patients considered cured, mycologic examination at the final visit was performed on thirteen and the results were negative in all of them. The remaining clinically cured patients had no mycologic examination at the last visit. This short treatment was well tolerated; the only adverse reaction being a mild headache in one patient. Patients preferred this regimen to receiving daily treatment for three months. Pulse therapy consisting of monthly one-week cycles of 400 mg itraconazole daily for three to four months may offer a new option for treatment of onychomycosis. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings.
And Hell Followed (1942)

Journal Article And Hell Followed Get access And Hell Followed. By Odette Keun. 1942. (London: Constable. 712′​′×5′​′ 296 pp. 8s. 6d.) V.R. V.R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs Review Supplement, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1942, Pages 498–499, https://doi.org/10.2307/3025859 Published: 01 September 1942
Three-Dimensional Image Measurement by Pattern Projection Using a Single Observation Image (2015)

Abstract Since three-dimensional image measurement allows object surface shapes and dimensions to be obtained quickly and without any contact, it has recently been intensively studied in a wide range of fields, including industry, medicine and security. Three-dimensional image measurement technologies can be broadly classified into passive techniques, such as stereovision and active techniques, such as patterned light projection. Among these, the method of projecting optimum intensity modulated light patterns for three-dimensional image measurement can obtain three-dimensional information on the measured object with a single projection, so it is expected to be highly applicable in practice. Measurement can be performed using a single observation image when the object to be measured has simple colouration or surface reflectivity, but for complex objects, eliminating the influence of colour and surface reflectivity requires a reference image to correct the intensity of the observed pattern. To address this, we propose an analysis method and image correction technology, using a novel colour system for realizing three-dimensional measurements using only one observation image.
A compression technique for Arabic dictionaries (1986)

In every application that concerns the automatic processing of natural language, the problem of the dictionary size is posed. In this paper, we propose a compression dictionary algorithm based on an affix analysis of the non diacritical Arabic.It consists in decomposing a word into its first elements taking into account the different linguistic transformations that can affect the morphological structures.This work has been achieved as part of a study of the automatic detection and correction of spelling errors in the non diacritical Arabic texts.
Structure and function of transferrin receptors and their relationship to cell growth. (1986)

The transferrin receptor binds the major serum iron-transport protein, transferrin, and mediates cellular iron uptake. The receptor is a major immunodominant cell surface glycoprotein of cultured cells and its expression on the cell surface is co-ordinately regulated with cell growth. Recent structural and functional studies of the transferrin receptor are reviewed. The properties of monoclonal antibodies against the transferrin receptor that inhibit transferrin-mediated iron uptake are described. Studies with these antibodies establish that the transferrin receptor plays an important role in cell growth and suggest that monoclonal antibodies that interfere with the function of growth-related receptors may be useful in regulating tumour cell growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphosphine‐Catalyzed Mixed Double‐Michael Reaction: A Unified Synthesis of Indolines, Dihydropyrrolopyridines, Benzimidazolines, Tetrahydroquinolines, Tetrahydroisoquinolines, Dihydrobenzo‐1,4‐oxazines, and Dihydrobenzo‐3,1‐oxazines. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A bipolar receiver pad in a lumped IPT system for electric vehicle charging applications (2012)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) has proved its capability as a safe, convenient and efficient solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging systems by providing sufficient power levels with tolerance to lateral displacement. The magnetic design of the receiver/secondary and transmitter/primary pads is the most critical part of an IPT system design. This paper presents the performance of a Bipolar Pad (BPP) receiver in a lumped IPT system for EV charging systems and compares it against the performance of a recently proposed receiver design, Double-D Quadrature Pad (DDQP). A 3D finite element modeling tool, which has shown good agreement between measured and simulated results in the past, is used to simulate all the models presented in this paper. The prototype models are also built and tested to verify the simulated results. Although it has been shown that the polarized single sided flux pad design, Double-D Pad (DDP), has much better performance than the non-polarized single sided flux pad design, Circular Pad (CP), still the ability of a receiver pickup to interoperate with both types of transmitters is considered to be highly desirable. In this paper the performance of a BPP receiver is compared against the performance of a DDQP receiver when used with either a DDP transmitter or a CP transmitter. The results show that the BPP receiver approximately matches the output levels provided by a DDQP receiver while using less amount of copper. Finally, the possibility of improving the ability of both the BPP and DDQP receivers to interoperate with both DDP and CP transmitters by changing the receiver ferrite structure is investigated. The results however indicate that for both the BPP and the DDQP receiver designs, the traditional ferrite structure exhibits best material usage efficiency amongst the design possibilities considered in this paper.
The menopausal syndrome. (1988)

The average life span of women living in the United States is approximately 80 years of age, with one-third of those years spent after menopause. Of the approximately 35-40 million postmenopausal American women, only 10% are currently using estrogen replacement therapy. Atrophy of the genitourinary system may be prevented or reversed with estrogen therapy. In addition, 75% of all postmenopausal women have vasomotor symptoms severe enough to lead them to seek medical consultation. For 65%, these symptoms persist for at least 1 year, and for 20%, the hot flushes are present for more than 5 years. Estrogen replacement therapy is the treatment of choice for the management of vasomotor symptoms, with or without additional behavior symptoms, and should be considered safe for most postmenopausal women. It protects the bones and, most important, the cardiovascular system.
Synthesis of high molecular polyoxamides at a liquid—gas interface (1962)

Abstract The principle of the new gas‐phase method of polycondensation consists of carrying out the polycondensation reaction of two high reactive compounds at a liquid—gas interface. The gas‐phase method permits the synthesis of polyamides with rapidly hydrolyzing diacid chlorides (e.g., oxalyl chloride), which cannot be used for liquid—liquid polycondensation. The gas‐phase synthesis of polyhexamethyleneoxamide from hexamethylenediamine and oxalyl chloride has been investigated in detail. The common features of gas‐phase and interfacial methods of polycondensation are due to the fact that in both cases the chemical reaction proceeds in the polymeric film. The gas‐phase methods can be used for the synthesis of a series of polymers.
A molecular pathogenesis for transcription factor associated poly-alanine tract expansions (2004)

Poly-alanine (Ala) tract expansions in transcription factors have been shown to be associated with human birth defects such as malformations of the brain, the digits, and other structures. Expansions of a poly-Ala tract from 15 to 22 (+7)-29 (+14) Ala in Hoxd13, for example, result in the limb malformation synpolydactyly in humans and in mice [synpolydactyly homolog (spdh)]. Here, we show that an increase of the Ala repeat above a certain length (22 Ala) is associated with a shift in the localization of Hoxd13 from nuclear to cytoplasmic, where it forms large amorphous aggregates. We observed similar aggregates for expansion mutations in SOX3, RUNX2 and HOXA13, pointing to a common mechanism. Cytoplasmic aggregation of mutant Hoxd13 protein is influenced by the length of the repeat, the level of expression and the efficacy of degradation by the proteasome. Heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp40 co-localize with the aggregates and activation of the chaperone system by geldanamycin leads to a reduction of aggregate formation. Furthermore, recombinant mutant Hoxd13 protein forms aggregates in vitro demonstrating spontaneous misfolding of the protein. We analyzed the mouse mutant spdh, which harbors a +7 Ala expansion in Hoxd13 similar to the human synpolydactyly mutations, as an in vivo model and were able to show a reduction of mutant Hoxd13 and, in contrast to wt Hoxd13, a primarily cytoplasmic localization of the protein. Our results provide evidence that poly-Ala repeat expansions in transcription factors result in misfolding, degradation and cytoplasmic aggregation of the mutant proteins.
Thermo-optical characteristics of refractory dielectric materials in a field of high intensity radiation (2000)

The results of experimental and theoretical research of optical and thermophysical characteristics of refractory dielectric materials (SiO2, BNC, Al2O3) in a field of intensive (I~106-109 W/cm2) coherent radiation (with standard laser wavelengths) and wideband thermal powerful VUV-IR radiation are presented.
Pharmacology of cannabinoids. (2004)

Dronabinol (Delta 9-tetrahydocannabinol, THC), the main source of the pharmacological effects caused by the use of cannabis, is an agonist to both the CB1 and the CB2 subtype of cannabinoid receptors. It is available on prescription in several countries. The non-psychotropic cannabidiol (CBD), some analogues of natural cannabinoids and their metabolites, antagonists at the cannabinoid receptors and modulators of the endogenous cannabinoid system are also promising candidates for clinical research and therapeutic uses. Cannabinoid receptors are distributed in the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues including spleen, leukocytes; reproductive, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts; endocrine glands, arteries and heart. Five endogenous cannabinoids have been detected so far, of whom anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol are best characterized. There is evidence that besides the two cannabinoid receptor subtypes cloned so far additional cannabinoid receptor subtypes and vanilloid receptors are involved in the complex physiological functions of the cannabinoid system that include motor coordination, memory procession, control of appetite, pain modulation and neuroprotection. Strategies to modulate their activity include inhibition of re-uptake into cells and inhibition of their degradation to increase concentration and duration of action. Properties of cannabinoids that might be of therapeutic use include analgesia, muscle relaxation, immunosuppression, anti-inflammation, anti-allergic effects, sedation, improvement of mood, stimulation of appetite, anti-emesis, lowering of intraocular pressure, bronchodilation, neuroprotection and antineoplastic effects.
Hydroxyicosatetraenoic, Hydroxyicosapentaenoic, Hydroxydocosapentaenoic, and Hydroxydocosahexaenoic Acids from the Sponge Echinochalina mollis of the Coral Sea (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxyicosatetraenoic, Hydroxyicosapentaenoic, Hydroxydocosapentaenoic, and Hydroxydocosahexaenoic Acids from the Sponge Echinochalina mollis of the Coral SeaAntonio Guerriero, Michele D'Ambrosio, Francesco Pietra, Olivier Ribes, and Daniel DuhetCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1990, 53, 1, 57–61Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50067a006https://doi.org/10.1021/np50067a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A wound-induced Wnt expression program controls planarian regeneration polarity (2009)

Regeneration requires specification of the identity of new tissues to be made. Whether this process relies only on intrinsic regulative properties of regenerating tissues or whether wound signaling provides input into tissue repatterning is not known. The head-versus-tail regeneration polarity decision in planarians, which requires Wnt signaling, provides a paradigm to study the process of tissue identity specification during regeneration. The Smed-wntP-1 gene is required for regeneration polarity and is expressed at the posterior pole of intact animals. Surprisingly, wntP-1 was expressed at both anterior- and posterior-facing wounds rapidly after wounding. wntP-1 expression was induced by all types of wounds examined, regardless of whether wounding prompted tail regeneration. Regeneration polarity was found to require new expression of wntP-1. Inhibition of the wntP-2 gene enhanced the polarity phenotype due to wntP-1 inhibition, with new expression of wntP-2 in regeneration occurring subsequent to expression of wntP-1 and localized only to posterior-facing wounds. New expression of wntP-2 required wound-induced wntP-1. Finally, wntP-1 and wntP-2 expression changes occurred even in the absence of neoblast stem cells, which are required for regeneration, suggesting that the role of these genes in polarity is independent of and instructive for tail formation. These data indicate that wound-induced input is involved in resetting the normal polarized features of the body axis during regeneration.
Flagship: a parallel architecture for declarative programming (1988)

The Flagship project aims to produce a computing technology based on the declarative style of programming. A major component of that technology is the design for a parallel machine which can efficiently exploit the implicit parallelism in declarative programs. This paper describes the computational models which expose this implicit parallelism, and outlines an architecture designed to exploit it. The operational issues, such as dynamic load balancing, which arise in such a system are discussed, and the mechanisms being used to evaluate the architecture are described.
Green synthesis of monodispersed LaCO<sub>3</sub>OH microgears with novel plum blossom-like structure via a glycerol-mediated solvothermal method (2015)

A novel LaCO<sub>3</sub>OH microgear has been synthesized by a green method, which shows strong PL properties.
Multiple-Film Scene Selector<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J09825">*</xref>--> (1943)

The Western Union Engineering Laboratories have just completed installation of five multiple-film scene selectors in The Pentagon, Washington, D. C. These units are used by the Army Pictorial Service in conjunction with the editing of motion picture films.
An SOI-based High-Voltage, High-Temperature Gate-Driver for SiC FET (2007)

A high-voltage and high-temperature gate-driver chip for SiC FET switches is designed and fabricated using 0.8- micron, 2-poly and 3-metal BCD on SOI process. It can generate output voltage swing from -5 V to 30 V and can operate up to 175degC ambient temperature. This gate-driver chip is intended to drive SiC power FETs in DC-DC converters in a hybrid electric vehicle. The converter modules along with the gate-driver chip will be placed very close to the engine where the temperature can reach up to 175degC. Successful operation of the chip at this temperature without heat sink and liquid cooling will help to achieve greater power-to-volume as well as power-to-weight ratios for the power electronics module. Initial test results presented in this paper also validate the simulation.
Doppler visibility of coherent ultrawideband random noise radar systems (2006)

Random noise radar has recently been used in a variety of imaging and surveillance applications. These systems can be made phase coherent using the technique of heterodyne correlation. Phase coherence has been exploited to measure Doppler and thereby the velocity of moving targets. The Doppler visibility, i.e., the ability to extract Doppler information over the inherent clutter spectra, is constrained by system parameters, especially the phase noise generated by microwave components. Our paper proposes a new phase noise model for the heterodyne mixer as applicable for ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar and for the local oscillator in the time domain. The Doppler spectra are simulated by including phase noise contamination effects and compared with our previous experimental results. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimization routine is applied to synthesize the effects of a variety of parameter combinations to derive a suitable empirical formula for estimating the Doppler visibility in dB. According to the phase noise analysis and the simulation results, the Doppler visibility of UWB random noise radar depends primarily on the following parameters: 1) the local oscillator (LO) drive level of the receiver heterodyne mixer, 2) the saturation current in the receiver heterodyne mixer, 3) the bandwidth of the transmit noise source, and 4) the target velocity. Other parameters such as the carrier frequency of the receiver LO and the loaded quality factor of the LO have a small effect over the range of applicability of the model and are therefore neglected in the model formulation. The Doppler visibility curves generated from this formula match the simulation results very well over the applicable parameter range within 1 dB. Our model may therefore be used to quickly estimate the Doppler visibility of random UWB noise radars for trade-off analysis