gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phoneme recognition using a time-sliced recurrent recognizer (2002)

This paper presents a new method for phoneme recognition using neural networks, the time-sliced recurrent recognizer (TSRR). In this method we employ Elman's recurrent network with error-backpropagation, adding an extra group of units that are trained to give a specific representation of each phoneme while it is recognizing it. The purpose of this architecture is to obtain an immediate hypothesis of the speech input without having to pre-label each phoneme or separate them before the input. The input signal is divided into time-slices which are recognized in a linear sequential fashion. The generated hypothesis is shown in the extra group of units at the same moment the time-slices are passed through the network and being recognized as a certain phoneme. Thus the TSRR is capable of recognizing the phonemes in real-time without discriminatory learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An expressive decentralizing KP-ABE scheme with constant-size ciphertext (2013)

Decentralizing attribute based encryption is a variant of multi-authority attribute based encryption which doesn’t require a trusted central authority to conduct the system setup. In this paper, we propose an expressive decentralizing KP-ABE scheme with constant ciphertext size. In our construction, the access policy can be expressed as any non-monotone access structure. Meanwhile, the ciphertext size is independent on the number of attributes used in the scheme. We prove that our scheme is semantic secure in so-called Selective-Set model based on the n-DBDHE assumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-authority attribute based encryption scheme realizing such expressive access policy and constant ciphertext size.
Linkage between cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. (1998)

Interindividual differences in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels reflect both environmental variation and genetic polymorphism, but the specific genes involved and their relative contributions to the variance in LDL-C are not known. In this study we investigated the relationship between plasma LDL-C concentrations and three genes with pivotal roles in LDL metabolism: the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7). Analysis of 150 nuclear families indicated statistically significant linkage between plasma LDL-C concentrations and CYP7, but not LDLR or APOB. Further sibling pair analyses using individuals with high plasma LDL-C concentrations as probands indicated that the CYP7 locus was linked to high plasma LDL-C, but not to low plasma LDL-C concentrations. This finding was replicated in an independent sample. DNA sequencing revealed two linked polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of CYP7. The allele defined by these polymorphisms was associated with increased plasma LDL-C concentrations, both in sibling pairs and in unrelated individuals. Taken together, these findings indicate that polymorphism in CYP7 contributes to heritable variation in plasma LDL-C concentrations. Common polymorphisms in LDLR and APOB account for little of the heritable variation in plasma LDL-C concentrations in the general population.
Computer Designed Prosthetic Socket from Analysis of Computed Tomography Data (1989)

1Associate Professor and Director of the Rehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curt Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7799 2Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Incidental subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. II. Postmortem pathological correlations. (1986)

The pathological correlates of subcortical lesions noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the elderly are not known. Postmortem in vitro proton MRI was performed on the brains of seven consecutive elderly patients dying of nonneurologic causes. Scans were done in the fresh and fixed states with the specimen immersed in saline and formaldehyde respectively. A 1.5 Tesla superconductive system was used with a multiple spin-echo protocol generating T2 weighted images. Subcortical MRI lesions were localized in three dimensions and identified at brain cutting. In addition, pathological correlations were obtained from an eighth patient who underwent MRI eleven days before death. Histological examinations were performed in a blinded fashion, including control areas from the same brains. Subcortical MRI lesions were found to be associated with arteriosclerosis, dilated perivascular spaces, and vascular ectasia (p less than 0.05). These histological changes were characteristic of "état criblé" which, like subcortical MRI lesions, is associated with age and hypertension. Shrinkage (or atrophy) of the brain parenchyma around ectatic blood vessels would result in an extensive network of tunnels filled with extracellular water. The proton MRI signal from such areas of the brain would be increased. Gliosis and small areas of infarction occasionally coexisted with "état criblé," but these were not present in all areas with MRI lesions and could not be distinguished by MRI signal alone. In conclusion, clinical and pathological correlations lend support to the uniform hypothesis that MRI provides a nonspecific index of brain parenchymal alterations caused by aging and chronic cerebrovascular disease.
Herpesvirus gB-Induced Fusion between the Virion Envelope and Outer Nuclear Membrane during Virus Egress Is Regulated by the Viral US3 Kinase (2009)

Herpesvirus capsids collect along the inner surface of the nuclear envelope and bud into the perinuclear space. Enveloped virions then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane (NM). We previously showed that herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins gB and gH act in a redundant fashion to promote fusion between the virion envelope and the outer NM. HSV mutants lacking both gB and gH accumulate enveloped virions in herniations, vesicles that bulge into the nucleoplasm. Earlier studies had shown that HSV mutants lacking the viral serine/threonine kinase US3 also accumulate herniations. Here, we demonstrate that HSV gB is phosphorylated in a US3-dependent manner in HSV-infected cells, especially in a crude nuclear fraction. Moreover, US3 directly phosphorylated the gB cytoplasmic (CT) domain in in vitro assays. Deletion of gB in the context of a US3-null virus did not add substantially to defects in nuclear egress. The majority of the US3-dependent phosphorylation of gB involved the CT domain and amino acid T887, a residue present in a motif similar to that recognized by US3 in other proteins. HSV recombinants lacking gH and expressing either gB substitution mutation T887A or a gB truncated at residue 886 displayed substantial defects in nuclear egress. We concluded that phosphorylation of the gB CT domain is important for gB-mediated fusion with the outer NM. This suggested a model in which the US3 kinase is incorporated into the tegument layer (between the capsid and envelope) in HSV virions present in the perinuclear space. By this packaging, US3 might be brought close to the gB CT tail, leading to phosphorylation and triggering fusion between the virion envelope and the outer NM.
Functional Cloning of IGFBP-3 From Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Reveals its Novel Role in Promoting Proliferation of Primitive CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>−</sup> Hematopoietic Cells In Vitro (2003)

Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been investigated as a means of enhancing engraftment of transplantation therapies, but current ex vivo expansion methods typically result in a loss of functional stem cell activity. Factors that can selectively expand human HSCs remain elusive. Recently we have isolated three functionally distinct human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) that differ greatly in their ability to support in vitro proliferation of human umbilical cord blood (UBC) CD34+CD38-cells. Using these distinct HBMVEC populations, we have devised a cell-based functional cloning assay to identify a molecule(s) capable of facilitating expansion of HSCs in vitro. A gene encoded for IGFBP-3 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3) has been identified. IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein are differentially expressed in distinct HBMVEC populations. In vitro cell proliferation assay and CD34+CD38- immunophenotype analysis showed that the addition of an exogenous IGFBP-3 to cultures of purified CD34+/-CD38-Lin- cells (CD2/CD3/CD14/CD16/CD19/CD24/CD56/CD66b/GlyA depleted) enhanced proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells with CD34+CD38- phenotype, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is capable of expanding primitive human blood cells. These expanded primitive blood cells were illustrated to maintain ability to generate functional progenitors. IGFBP-3 belongs to a family of high-affinity IGFBPs, which binds to IGFs and modulates their actions. IGFBP-3 appears to have intrinsic bioactivity that is independent of IGF binding. We are currently exploring the underlying mechanism by which IGFBP-3 modulates proliferation of primitive hematopoietic cells, and the potential of IGFBP-3 to expand pluripotent human repopulating cells capable of hematopoietic reconstitution of irradiated NOD/SCID recipients.
A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems (1995)

A good software architecture facilitates application system development, promotes achievement of functional requirements, and supports system reconfiguration. We present a domain-specific software architecture (DSSA) that we have developed for a large application domain of adaptive intelligent systems (AISs). The DSSA provides: (a) an AIS reference architecture designed to meet the functional requirements shared by applications in this domain, (b) principles for decomposing expertise into highly reusable components, and (c) an application configuration method for selecting relevant components from a library and automatically configuring instances of those components in an instance of the architecture. The AIS reference architecture incorporates features of layered, pipe and filter, and blackboard style architectures. We describe three studies demonstrating the utility of our architecture in the subdomain of mobile office robots and identify software engineering principles embodied in the architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimizing Approaches to Addressing Depression in Cardiac Patients: a Comment on O’Neil et al. (2014)

Depression is frequently experienced by cardiac patients, with a prevalence ranging from 20 to 30 % depending on the assessment method, clinical setting, disease severity, and patient gender, among other factors Even the lower limit of this range is more than double the prevalence of this treatable condition in the general population Moreover, a recent scientific statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that depression be considered a risk factor for adverse medical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thus giving new urgency to the development and dissemination of effective and scalable interventions for these high-risk patients
Enhanced Growth of Wheat and Soybean Plants Inoculated with <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> Is Not Necessarily Due to General Enhancement of Mineral Uptake (1990)

The capacity of Azospirillum brasilense to enhance the accumulation of K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Mn, Fe, B, Cu, and Zn in inoculated wheat and soybean plants was evaluated by using two different analytical methods with five A. brasilense strains originating from four distinct geographical regions. A Pseudomonas isolate from the rhizosphere of Zea mays seedlings was included as a control. All A. brasilense strains significantly improved wheat and soybean growth by increasing root and shoot dry weight and root surface area. The degree of plant response to inoculation varied among the different strains of A. brasilense. All strains were capable of colonizing roots, but the best root colonizer, Pseudomonas sp., had no effect on plant growth. The numbers of organisms of Brazilian strains Sp-245 and Sp-246 colonizing roots were similar regardless of the host plant. Numbers of organisms for the other strains were directly dependent on the host plant. The main feature characterizing mineral accumulation in inoculated plants was that all inoculation treatments changed the mineral balance of the plants, but in an inconsistent manner. Enhancement of mineral uptake by plants also varied among strains to a great extent and was directly dependent on the strain-plant combination; i.e., a strain capable of increasing accumulation of a particular ion in one plant species or cultivar often lacked the ability to do so in another. Minerals in inoculated plants were not evenly distributed in different plant tissues, and the changes varied among groups of plants within each bacterial strain inoculation treatment. We suggest that, although A. brasilense strains are capable of changing the mineral balance and content of plants, it is unlikely that this ability is a general mechanism responsible for plant improvement by A. brasilense.
Skin colour detection under changing lighting conditions (1999)

. Skin colour detection is an often used cue in human motion tracking, especially in face tracking. Skin colour detection is orientation invariant and fast to process. In this paper skin colour is modelled based on a reectance model of the skin, knowledge about the camera parameters, and the spectrum of the light source. In particular, the location of the skin colour area in the chromaticity plane is estimated for dierent light sources, given known camera characteristics. The model is empirically validated. It has application in adaptive segmentation of skin colour and may have application in the estimation of the colour temperature in camera images containing skin colour.
A self-steering digital microphone array (1991)

A self-steering microphone array for teleconferencing in which the digitally implemented steering algorithm consists of two parts is presented. The first part, the beamforming, is based on known concepts. The second part, a novel voting algorithm, integrates elements of pattern classification and exploits temporal characteristics of speech signals. It accounts for perceptual criteria and the acoustic environment. A real-time implementation is outlined, and results are discussed. The results confirm that the proposed concept deals successfully with teleconferencing environments and that it yields substantially better performance than earlier concepts based on analog hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybridization Kinetics and Thermodynamics of DNA Adsorbed to Individually Dispersed Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Hybridization of DNA adsorbed to single-walled carbon nanotubes in solution has much slower kinetics than free solution DNA, and can be detected through a blue shift in the near-infrared nanotube fluorescence. Adsorption of the receptor DNA strand to the nanotube surface is consistent with models of polyelectrolyte adsorption on charged surfaces, introducing both entropic (46.8 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) and activation energy (20.4 kcal mol(-1)) barriers to the hybridization, which are greater than free solution values (31.9 cal mol(-1) K(-1) and 12.9 kcal mol(-1)) at 25 degrees C. The increased hybridization barriers on the nanotube result in exceedingly slow kinetics for hybridization with t(1/2)=3.4 h, compared to the free solution value of t(1/2)=4 min. These results have significant implications for nanotube and nanowire biosensors.
Best-effort cache synchronization with source cooperation (2002)

In environments where exact synchronization between source data objects and cached copies is not achievable due to bandwidth or other resource constraints, stale (out-of-date) copies are permitted. It is desirable to minimize the overall divergence between source objects and cached copies by selectively refreshing modified objects. We call the online process of selecting which objects to refresh in order to minimize divergence best-effort synchronization. In most approaches to best-effort synchronization, the cache coordinates the process and selects objects to refresh. In this paper, we propose a best-effort synchronization scheduling policy that exploits cooperation between data sources and the cache. We also propose an implementation of our policy that incurs low communication overhead even in environments with very large numbers of sources. Our algorithm is adaptive to wide fluctuations in available resources and data update rates. Through experimental simulation over synthetic and real-world data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, and we quantify the significant decrease in divergence achievable with source cooperation.
Primary Linear Alcohol Ethoxylates as Adjuvants for Primisulfuron (1994)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of carbon chain length and percent ethoxylation of primary linear ethoxylated alcohols on postemergence control of johnsongrass and quackgrass with primisulfuron. Control of johnsongrass and quackgrass was greatest with primisulfuron plus the experimental ethoxylated alcohols 1412-60 and 1412-70 which had chain lengths of 14 and 12 carbon atoms (60:40 ratio) and 60 or 70% ethoxylation. Control of these two weed species decreased when primisulfuron was applied with ethoxylated linear alcohols of similar chain lengths but decreased percent ethoxylation or with alcohols of similar percent ethoxylation but decreased carbon chain length. Quackgrass and johnsongrass control with primisulfuron plus 1412-60 or 1412-70 was equal to or greater than the control obtained with primisulfuron plus the commercial adjuvants of the nonionic, organosilicone, sunflower methyl ester, or crop oil concentrate types. The experimental adjuvant 1412-70 provided equal or greater uptake and translocation of 14 C-primisulfuron in johnsongrass and quackgrass compared to four commercial adjuvants.
Shadow And Projection Moire Techniques For Absolute Or Relative Mapping Of Surface Shapes (1982)

Optical methods of shadow and projection moire are particularly suitable for mapping the absolute shape of a given surface or the difference between that surface and a master one or its accidental shape change. Essentially, product moire fringes are obtained on an image plane where a "filter" grating analyzes the image of the test surface which has been "coded" by projecting a master grating on it. The article resumes the theory in a unifying approach and presents a comprehensive list of applications.
3.4 A 40/50/100Gb/s PAM-4 Ethernet transceiver in 28nm CMOS (2016)

High-speed signaling using NRZ has approached speeds above 50Gb/s where it is extremely difficult to maintain power efficiency and performance over a wide variety of channels and applications. PAM-4 is emerging as one way to increase throughput in such band-limited channels. Higher modulation formats help to address cost in optical systems by packing more bits/wavelength [1]. Strong momentum in standards to adopt PAM-4 reflects these significant trends in the industry. At the same time, migrating transceiver designs to current technology nodes have narrowed the power gap between traditional Analog and ADC-DSP-DAC-based systems for high-speed applications. These factors make ADC-based receivers a highly desirable choice, as is also the trend in wireless communications.
Tertiary Treatment Using Microfiltration and UV Disinfection for Water Reclamation (1999)

Microfiltration and UV disinfection are two alternative technologies for water reclamation. The results of a pilot study combining these two processes are presented. In addition to producing filtrate turbidities averaging 0.06 nephelometric turbidity units, microfiltration was an effective barrier to pathogens, demonstrating average log reductions of 4.5 for total coliforms and 2.9 for MS2 bacteriophage. Ultraviolet disinfection following microfiltration reliably met the California Wastewater Reclamation Criteria (Title 22) total coliform standard of 2.2 colony‐forming units/l00 mL at a UV dose of 450 J/m 2 . The MS2 bacteriophage standard, which requires a 5‐log reduction, was achieved by microfiltration and a UV dose of 880 J/m 2 . A model of the kinetics of inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage was used in further analysis of disinfection data. The model indicated that considerable backmixing occurred in the pilot UV disinfection unit, and observed UV doses could be reduced with improved hydraulics.
ATLAS - an open-source TDOA-based Ultra-wideband localization system (2016)

IEEE 802.15.4a Ultra-wideband based wireless positioning has recently gained attention for precise localization. However, the multi-user scalability of those, mostly two-way ranging based, approaches is not considered. Due to the exchange of multiple frames per ranging, two-way ranging has significant downsides in terms of scalability. This paper proposes and validates a novel approach for a multi-user time-difference of arrival based localization system using wireless clock synchronization. The system accuracy is assessed using a complex experiment, covering robotic movement and an optical reference system for comparable results. It is shown, that the accuracies achievable by time-difference of arrival positioning with wireless clock synchronization are comparable to similar two-way ranging based approaches. All raw samples, reference data and processed positions are provided alongside this work.
Video Analysis for Detecting Eye Blinking using a High-Speed Camera (2006)

Without introducing pre-processing of eye region detection, the eye blinking motion was detected from specific characteristic moving features on a face using a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 250 Hz/sec. In the process of closure and opening during eye blinking, a series of moving points has characteristic features. Both patterns of matching methods and many starting points on a face were examined. Pursuing texture at the bottom of an eyelid results in the perfect detection of eye blinking. Together with behaviors for other non-detectable points, a discriminating power without a false detection was verified.
Use of Random Dot Pattern for Achieving X-Ray Vision with Stereoscopic Augmented Reality Displays (2016)

This paper presents a possible solution to some of the challenges involved with creating a stereoscopic augmented reality ‘X-ray vision‘ display, which enables presentation of computer generated (virtual) objects as if they lie behind a real object surface, while maintaining the ability to effectively perceive any information that might be present on that surface. The method involves overlaying random dot patterns onto a real object surface prior to rendering a virtual object. Results from preliminary experiments have shown that the use of random dot patterns can be effective in contributing to the percept of transparency for the case of flat real surfaces with subtle textures. This suggests that the addition of such patterns may also help in perceiving the correct depth order of virtual objects in such images. Moreover, experimental results indicate that, by controlling the relative dot size and dot density of the patterns, it should be possible also to retain sufficient information about the real surface. Future research should be aimed towards the feasibility and effectiveness of applying this method to more realistic AR conditions.