gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanopore Surface Coating Delivers Nanopore Size and Shape through Conductance-Based Sizing (2013)

The performance of nanopore single-molecule sensing elements depends intimately on their physical dimensions and surface chemical properties. These factors underpin the dependence of the nanopore ionic conductance on electrolyte concentration, yet the measured, or modeled, dependence only partially illuminates the details of geometry and surface chemistry. Using the electrolyte-dependent conductance data before and after selective surface functionalization of solid-state nanopores, however, introduces more degrees of freedom and improves the performance of conductance-based nanopore characterizations. Sets of representative nanopore profiles were used to generate conductance data, and the nanopore shape and exact dimensions were identified, through conductance alone, by orders-of-magnitude reductions in the geometry optimization metrics. The optimization framework could similarly be used to evaluate the nanopore surface coating thickness.
On biased reservoir sampling in the presence of stream evolution (2006)

The method of reservoir based sampling is often used to pick an unbiased sample from a data stream. A large portion of the unbiased sample may become less relevant over time because of evolution. An analytical or mining task (eg. query estimation) which is specific to only the sample points from a recent time-horizon may provide a very inaccurate result. This is because the size of the relevant sample reduces with the horizon itself. On the other hand, this is precisely the most important case for data stream algorithms, since recent history is frequently analyzed. In such cases, we show that an effective solution is to bias the sample with the use of temporal bias functions. The maintenance of such a sample is non-trivial, since it needs to be dynamically maintained, without knowing the total number of points in advance. We prove some interesting theoretical properties of a large class of memory-less bias functions, which allow for an efficient implementation of the sampling algorithm. We also show that the inclusion of bias in the sampling process introduces a maximum requirement on the reservoir size. This is a nice property since it shows that it may often be possible to maintain the maximum relevant sample with limited storage requirements. We not only illustrate the advantages of the method for the problem of query estimation, but also show that the approach has applicability to broader data mining problems such as evolution analysis and classification.
Role of lipopolysaccharide in assembly of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins OmpA, OmpC, and OmpF (1990)

Selection was performed for resistance to a phage, Ox2, specific for the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA, under conditions which excluded recovery of ompA mutants. All mutants analyzed produced normal quantities of OmpA, which was also normally assembled in the outer membrane. They had become essentially resistant to OmpC and OmpF-specific phages and synthesized these outer membrane porins at much reduced rates. The inhibition of synthesis acted at the level of translation. This was due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with defective core oligosaccharides. Cerulenin blocks fatty acid synthesis and therefore that of LPS. It also inhibits synthesis of OmpC and OmpF but not of OmpA (C. Bocquet-Pagès, C. Lazdunski, and A. Lazdunski, Eur. J. Biochem. 118:105-111, 1981). In the presence of the antibiotic, OmpA synthesis and membrane incorporation remained unaffected at a time when OmpC and OmpF synthesis had almost ceased. The similarity of these results with those obtained with the mutants suggests that normal porin synthesis is not only interfered with by production of mutant LPS but also requires de novo synthesis of LPS. Since synthesis and assembly of OmpA into the outer membrane was not affected in the mutants or in the presence of cerulenin, association of this protein with LPS appears to occur with outer membrane-located LPS.
A Microfluidic Cytometer for Complete Blood Count With a 3.2-Megapixel, 1.1- μm-Pitch Super-Resolution Image Sensor in 65-nm BSI CMOS (2017)

Based on a 3.2-Megapixel 1.1- μm-pitch super-resolution (SR) CMOS image sensor in a 65-nm backside-illumination process, a lens-free microfluidic cytometer for complete blood count (CBC) is demonstrated in this paper. Backside-illumination improves resolution and contrast at the device level with elimination of surface treatment when integrated with microfluidic channels. A single-frame machine-learning-based SR processing is further realized at system level for resolution correction with minimum hardware resources. The demonstrated microfluidic cytometer can detect the platelet cells (< 2 μm) required in CBC, hence is promising for point-of-care diagnostics.
Micrometre and nanometre scale patterning of binary polymer brushes, supported lipid bilayers and proteins (2017)

Binary polymer brush patterns were fabricated <i>via</i> photodeprotection of an aminosilane with a photo-cleavable nitrophenyl protecting group. UV exposure of the silane film through a mask yields micrometre-scale amine-terminated regions that can be derivatised to incorporate a bromine initiator to facilitate polymer brush growth <i>via</i> atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirm that relatively thick brushes can be grown with high spatial confinement. Nanometre-scale patterns were formed by using a Lloyd's mirror interferometer to expose the nitrophenyl-protected aminosilane film. In exposed regions, protein-resistant poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMEMA) brushes were grown by ATRP and used to define channels as narrow as 141 nm into which proteins could be adsorbed. The contrast in the pattern can be inverted by (i) a simple blocking reaction after UV exposure, (ii) a second deprotection step to expose previously intact protecting groups, and (iii) subsequent brush growth <i>via</i> surface ATRP. Alternatively, two-component brush patterns can be formed. Exposure of a nitrophenyl-protected aminosilane layer either through a mask or to an interferogram, enables growth of an initial POEGMEMA brush. Subsequent UV exposure of the previously intact regions allows attachment of ATRP initiator sites and growth of a second poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) brush within photolithographically-defined micrometre or nanometre scale regions. POEGMEMA brushes resist deposition of liposomes, but fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies confirm that liposomes readily rupture on PCysMA "corrals" defined within POEGMEMA "walls". This leads to the formation of highly mobile supported lipid bilayers that exhibit similar diffusion coefficients to lipid bilayers formed on surfaces such as glass.
Glutaredoxin-1 Up-regulation Induces Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1, Attenuating Post-ischemia Limb Revascularization (2014)

Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) is a cytosolic enzyme that regulates diverse cellular function by removal of GSH adducts from S-glutathionylated proteins including signaling molecules and transcription factors. Glrx is up-regulated during inflammation and diabetes, and Glrx overexpression inhibits VEGF-induced EC migration. The aim was to investigate the role of up-regulated Glrx in EC angiogenic capacities and in vivo revascularization in the setting of hind limb ischemia. Glrx-overexpressing EC from Glrx transgenic (TG) mice showed impaired migration and network formation and secreted higher levels of soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt), an antagonizing factor to VEGF. After hind limb ischemia surgery Glrx TG mice demonstrated impaired blood flow recovery, associated with lower capillary density and poorer limb motor function compared with wild type littermates. There were also higher levels of anti-angiogenic sFlt expression in the muscle and plasma of Glrx TG mice after surgery. Noncanonical Wnt5a is known to induce sFlt. Wnt5a was highly expressed in ischemic muscles and EC from Glrx TG mice, and exogenous Wnt5a induced sFlt expression and inhibited network formation in human microvascular EC. Adenoviral Glrx-induced sFlt in EC was inhibited by a competitive Wnt5a inhibitor. Furthermore, Glrx overexpression removed GSH adducts on p65 in ischemic muscle and EC and enhanced NF-κB activity, which was responsible for Wnt5a-sFlt induction. Taken together, up-regulated Glrx induces sFlt in EC via NF-κB-dependent Wnt5a, resulting in attenuated revascularization in hind limb ischemia. The Glrx-induced sFlt explains part of the mechanism of redox-regulated VEGF signaling.
Dominating Role of Ni<sup>0</sup> on the Interface of Ni/NiO for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2017)

The research of a robust catalytic system based on single NiO<sub>x</sub> electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a huge challenge. Particularly, the factors that dominate the catalytic properties of NiO<sub>x</sub>-based hybrids for HER have not been clearly demonstrated. Herein, a convenient protocol for the fabrication of NiO<sub>x</sub>@bamboo-like carbon nanotube hybrids (NiO<sub>x</sub>@BCNTs) is designed. The hybrids exhibit superb catalytic ability and considerable durability in alkaline solution. A benchmark HER current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> has been achieved at an overpotential of ∼79 mV. In combination with the experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this for the first time definitely validates that the inherent high Ni<sup>0</sup> ratio and the Ni<sup>0</sup> on the interface of Ni/NiO play a vital role in the outstanding catalytic performance. Especially, the Ni<sup>0</sup> on the interface of Ni/NiO performs superior activity for water splitting compared with that of bulk Ni<sup>0</sup>. These conclusions provide guidance for the rational design of the future non-noble metallic catalysts.
The health benefits of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a review of the evidence (2007)

The UK dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease acknowledge the importance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - a component of fish oils - in reducing heart disease risk. At the time, it was recommended that the average n-3 PUFA intake should be increased from 0.1 to 0.2 g day(-1). However, since the publication of these guidelines, a plethora of evidence relating to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs, in areas other than heart disease, has emerged. The majority of intervention studies, which found associations between various conditions and the intake of fish oils or their derivatives, used n-3 intakes well above the 0.2 g day(-1) recommended by Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA). Furthermore, in 2004, the Food Standards Agency changed its advice on oil-rich fish creating a discrepancy between the levels of n-3 PUFA implied by the new advice and the 1994 COMA guideline. This review will examine published evidence from observational and intervention studies relating to the health effects of n-3 PUFAs, and discuss whether the current UK recommendation for long-chain n-3 PUFA needs to be revisited.
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Human TL1A Ectodomain<sup>,</sup> (2009)

TNF-like 1A (TL1A) is a newly described member of the TNF superfamily that is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. We report the crystal structure of the human TL1A extracellular domain at a resolution of 2.5 A, which reveals a jelly-roll fold typical of the TNF superfamily. This structural information, in combination with complementary mutagenesis and biochemical characterization, provides insights into the binding interface and the specificity of the interactions between TL1A and the DcR3 and DR3 receptors. These studies suggest that the mode of interaction between TL1A and DcR3 differs from other characterized TNF ligand/receptor complexes. In addition, we have generated functional TL1A mutants with altered disulfide bonding capability that exhibit enhanced solution properties, which will facilitate the production of materials for future cell-based and whole animal studies. In summary, these studies provide insights into the structure and function of TL1A and provide the basis for the rational manipulation of its interactions with cognate receptors.
GesID: 3D Gesture Authentication Based on Depth Camera and One-Class Classification (2018)

Biometric authentication is popular in authentication systems, and gesture as a carrier of behavior characteristics has the advantages of being difficult to imitate and containing abundant information. This research aims to use three-dimensional (3D) depth information of gesture movement to perform authentication with less user effort. We propose an approach based on depth cameras, which satisfies three requirements: Can authenticate from a single, customized gesture; achieves high accuracy without an excessive number of gestures for training; and continues learning the gesture during use of the system. To satisfy these requirements respectively: We use a sparse autoencoder to memorize the single gesture; we employ data augmentation technology to solve the problem of insufficient data; and we use incremental learning technology for allowing the system to memorize the gesture incrementally over time. An experiment has been performed on different gestures in different user situations that demonstrates the accuracy of one-class classification (OCC), and proves the effectiveness and reliability of the approach. Gesture authentication based on 3D depth cameras could be achieved with reduced user effort.
Pharmacological review on Natural ACE inhibitors (2010)

Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide diseases that afflict humans. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and hypertension. ACE catalyzes the conversion of inactive angiotensin-I into a potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin-II. ACE also inactivates the vasodilator, bradykinin. Inhibitors of ACE are often used to treat myocardial infarction, hypertension, and other cardio-related diseases. Angiotensin II form by angiotensin I catalyzes by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) cause vasoconstriction, and inactivation of vasodilator, bradykinin. Angiotensin II results in increases peripheral resistance, heart rate, and cardiac output. The influences of ACE on blood pressure make it an ideal target clinically and nutritionally in the treatment of hypertension. Inhibition of ACE mainly results in an overall antihypertensive effect. Several synthetic ACE inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and temocapril are in clinical use for the treatment of hypertension. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are believed to have certain side effects such as cough, taste disturbances, skin rashes and high cost and drug-drug interactions. Therefore, search for non-toxic, safer, innovative and economical ACE inhibitors as alternatives to synthetic drugs. It is of great interest among researchers and many natural ACE inhibitors have been isolated from functional food and natural bio-resources. The natural ACE inhibitors are considered to be milder and safer compared with synthetic drugs. This review focuses on phytochemicals, chemistry, mechanism, and lead compounds derived from plants and use to control or in the treatment of hypertension. Detailed accounts from various natural products are study below.
Sexual Differences in Athletic Performance: Biological or Behavioral? (1983)

In brief: Sexual differences in athletic performance are largely due to variations in body size, body composition, aerobic power, and muscular strength. This article reviews the literature on sexual differences for these variables and examines both absolute and relative differences to determine whether they are caused by the biological factor of sex or by cultural influences. The authors conclude that although physiological values for the average man are statistically different from the average woman, differences between any two individuals of the same sex are often greater. Even though sexual differences can be greatly reduced or eliminated by using relative values, their larger size gives men a practical physical advantage in many athletic and daily activities.
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict? (2005)

The visualization of autophagosomes in dying cells has led to the belief that autophagy is a nonapoptotic form of programmed cell death. This concept has now been evaluated using cells and organisms deficient in autophagy genes. Most evidence indicates that, at least in cells with intact apoptotic machinery, autophagy is primarily a pro-survival rather than a pro-death mechanism. This review summarizes the evidence linking autophagy to cell survival and cell death, the complex interplay between autophagy and apoptosis pathways, and the role of autophagy-dependent survival and death pathways in clinical diseases.
NIH ImageJ and Slice‐O‐Matic Computed Tomography Imaging Software to Quantify Soft Tissue (2007)

These findings show that both the Slice-O-Matic and NIH ImageJ medical imaging software systems provide reliable measurements of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle cross-sectional areas.
Mobile devices' GPUs in cloth dynamics simulation (2017)

The realistic simulation of cloths is nowadays a key to produce good-quality, authentic graphical visualizations of various cloth, such as characters garment elements, flags or curtains. This can be computationally expensive, more and more as number of particles, which cloth is divided into, increases. The solution to this matter was to use GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) and perform all calculations on this device. On PC platform, this technique proved to be much faster than the standard CPU approach. The main purpose of this work is to check whether this solution could also be introduced on the mobile devices. In this paper, we developed fast vertex optimization methods for dynamic cloth in mobile GPU units. Additionally we develop a user interface which providing new ways of user interaction with a cloth dynamics simulation on mobile devices.
Overload vector quantisationby selective shell projection in lattice VQ (1996)

An efficient overload vector quantisation algorithm is proposed for lattice vector quantisation (LVQ). It selects a projection shell for each overload vector by changing its scaled position along the radial direction to the origin in the truncated lattice and obtains the adjusted overload scaling factor for dequantisation from the orthogonality principle. Experimental results show that this algorithm achieves a good performance in signal to quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) over the conventional algorithm using a single projection of the overload vector on the external shell.
Thermodynamic Cycles for Recovery of Water by Solvent Extraction (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic Cycles for Recovery of Water by Solvent ExtractionR. R. Davison and D. W. HoodCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1964, 3, 4, 399–404Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260012a023https://doi.org/10.1021/i260012a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Condensation of Thiophene and Homologs with Ketones (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Thiophene and Homologs with KetonesJohn W. Schick and Duncan J. CrowleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1377Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a532https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a532research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clostridium difficile Cytotoxin in a Pediatric Population (1983)

Assays for cytotoxin of Clostridium difficile were performed on stool samples submitted to the laboratory for routine microbiologic study. Cytotoxin was recovered from 8.6% of 208 pediatric patients studied. Cytotoxin was identified significantly more often in younger patients (median age, 11 months) and in those with hospital-associated illness (17%) and antibiotic-associated illness (18%). Hospitalization and antibiotic use were significant independent risk factors. Clinical diagnoses in patients with C difficile cytotoxin included classic pseudomembranous colitis, acute self-resolving diarrheal syndrome, chronic diarrhea with failure to thrive, infant botulism, and asymptomatic carriage.