gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth (2019)

The incidence of preterm birth exceeds 10% worldwide. There are significant disparities in the frequency of preterm birth among populations within countries, and women of African ancestry disproportionately bear the burden of risk in the United States. In the present study, we report a community resource that includes 'omics' data from approximately 12,000 samples as part of the integrative Human Microbiome Project. Longitudinal analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA, metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and cytokine profiles from 45 preterm and 90 term birth controls identified harbingers of preterm birth in this cohort of women predominantly of African ancestry. Women who delivered preterm exhibited significantly lower vaginal levels of Lactobacillus crispatus and higher levels of BVAB1, Sneathia amnii, TM7-H1, a group of Prevotella species and nine additional taxa. The first representative genomes of BVAB1 and TM7-H1 are described. Preterm-birth-associated taxa were correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal fluid. These findings highlight new opportunities for assessment of the risk of preterm birth.
K<sub>2</sub>MnF<sub>6</sub> as a precursor for saturated red fluoride phosphors: the struggle for structural stability (2017)

Degradation pathways of K<sub>2</sub>MnF<sub>6</sub>, an essential precursor for the synthesis of red fluoride phosphors, are revealed.
A Rapid Method for Microelectrophoresis and Quantitation of Hemoglobins on Cellulose Acetate (1963)

Journal Article A Rapid Method for Microelectrophoresis and Quantitation of Hemoglobins on Cellulose Acetate Get access John L. Graham, MC, John L. Graham, MC Capt. Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Benjamin W. Grunbaum, Ph.D. Benjamin W. Grunbaum, Ph.D. Letterman General Hospital, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 39, Issue 6, 1 June 1963, Pages 567–578, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/39.6.567 Published: 01 June 1963 Article history Received: 06 September 1962 Accepted: 08 February 1963 Published: 01 June 1963
Arbitration Treaty between Norway and the United States (1929)

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DNA Damage Induced in Cells by γ and UVA Radiation As Measured by HPLC/GC−MS and HPLC−EC and Comet Assay (2000)

The aim of the work was to measure DNA damage induced within tumoral human monocytes by gamma rays, UVA radiation, and exogenous photosensitizers. The accurate HPLC-EC assay was used to determine the level of 8-oxodGuo. The formation of FapyGua and FapyAde was monitored by HPLC/GC-MS analyses after formic acid hydrolysis at room temperature. For this purpose, cells were exposed to relatively high doses of gamma rays and UVA radiation. The extent of formation of FapyGua in the DNA of cells exposed to gamma rays was estimated to be more than 2-fold higher than that of 8-oxodGuo, i.e., about 0. 027 lesion per 10(6) bases per Gy. The yield of FapyAde was estimated to be 1 order of magnitude lower. The latter results were used to calibrate the alkaline comet assay associated with DNA N-glycosylases. The latter approach allowed the determination of the background level (0.11-0.16 Fpg-sensitive site/10(6) bases) and the yields of strand breaks and DNA base damage upon low irradiation doses. Insights into the mechanism of radiation-induced DNA damage were gained from these measurements. A major involvement of (1)O(2) with respect to hydroxyl radicals and type I photosensitization was thus observed within cells exposed to UVA radiation.
Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Targeted Sequencing (2016)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from peripheral blood has recently been shown to be an alternative source to detect gene mutations in primary tumors; however, most previous studies have focused on advanced stage cancers, and few have evaluated ctDNA detection in early-stage lung cancer. In the present study, blood and tumor samples were collected prospectively from 58 early-stage non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (stages IA, IB, and IIA) and a targeted sequencing approach was used to detect somatic driver mutations in matched tumor DNA (tDNA) and plasma ctDNA. We identified frequent driver mutations in plasma ctDNA and tDNA in EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, and TP53, and less frequent mutations in other genes, with an overall study concordance of 50.4% and sensitivity and specificity of 53.8% and 47.3%, respectively. Cell-free (cfDNA) concentrations were found to be significantly associated with some clinical features, including tumor stage and subtype. Importantly, the presence of cfDNA had a higher positive predictive value than that of currently used protein tumor biomarkers. This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying plasma ctDNA mutations in the earliest stage lung cancer patients via targeted sequencing, demonstrating a potential utility of targeted sequencing of ctDNA in the clinical management of NSCLC.
Application of the Elovich Equation to the Kinetics of Metal Sorption with Solvent-Impregnated Resins (1997)

The sorption rates of metal ions including Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) from sulfate solutions with macroporous resins containing bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were measured and compared in a batch stirred vessel. Experiments were carried out as a function of the pH and metal concentration in the aqueous phase, D2EHPA concentration in the resin phase, and temperature. The effect of impregnation methods of D2EHPA on the sorption rate was also investigated. It was shown that all sorption processes could be well described by the Elovich equation. For the examined systems there were similar trends of sorption rates with respect to the concentrations of metal ions and D2EHPA. With respect to the pH, however, three different trends were obtained depending on the magnitude of sorption rate. The apparent activation energy was obtained and used to discuss the rate-controlling mechanism.
Effects of Xenon on In Vitro  and In Vivo  Models of Neuronal Injury (2002)

Xenon, when coadministered with the injurious agent, exerts a concentration-dependent neuroprotective effect at concentrations below which anesthesia is produced in rodents. Unlike either nitrous oxide or ketamine (other anesthetics with NMDA antagonist properties), xenon is devoid of both neurotoxicity and clinically significant adverse hemodynamic properties. Studies are proposed to determine whether xenon can be used as a neuroprotectant in certain clinical settings.
Ab-initio simulation of spintronic devices (2007)

In this thesis, we present the mathematical and implementation details of an ab initio method for calculating spin-polarized quantum transport properties of atomic scale spintronic devices under external bias potential. The method is based on carrying out density functional theory (DFT) within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism to calculate the self-consistent spin-densities. This state-of-the-art technique extends previous work by: i) reformulating the theory in spin-space such that the non-equilibrium charge density can be evaluated for different spin-channels, and ii) introducing k-point sampling to treat transverse periodic devices such that correct bulk as well as surface magnetism can be described. Computational details including k-point sampling to converge the Brillouin zone integration, optimization of pseudopotentials and basis sets, and efficient O(N) calculation of the Green's function are presented. We apply this method to investigate nonlinear and non-equilibrium spin-polarized transport in several magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as a function of external bias voltage. Firstly, we find that for an Fe/MgO/Fe trilayer structure, the zero-bias tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is several thousand percent, and it is reduced to about 1000% when the Fe/MgO interface is oxidized. The TMR for devices without oxidization reduces monotonically to zero with a voltage scale of about 0.5-1V, consistent with experimental observations. We present an understanding of the nonequilibrium transport by investigating microscopic details of the scattering states and the Bloch bands of the Fe leads. Secondly, we investigate a molecular MTJ composed of Ni leads sandwiching a benzenedithiol(BDT) molecule. We find a TMR of ~27% which declines toward zero as bias voltage is increased. The spin currents are nonlinear functions of bias voltage, even changing sign at certain voltages due to specific features of the coupling between molecular states
Generation of Random Internal Deletion Derivatives of YACs by Homologous Targeting to <i>Alu</i> Sequences (1994)

To facilitate the manipulation of human genomic DNA in yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones, a plasmid to integrate the selective marker for antibiotic G418 resistance into YACs and to delete some of the human DNA fragments from YACs was constructed. The linearized integration/deletion plasmid, which contains Alu family sequences at both ends, can recombine with YACs containing human repetitive sequences via homologous recombination. The homologous recombination results in a random integration of the antibiotic G418-resistant gene into a human genomic Alu sequence, and in most cases, an internal deletion within the YAC. The YACs with internal deletions can be useful to identify the location of the genes if they produce functional knockouts. In those cases when the integration/deletion event disrupts the integrity of the gene so it no longer can produce a viable and functional mRNA in fused eukaryotic cells, the site of integration in the YAC thus serves as a marker for the inactivated gene. In this report we describe a model system to locate specific genes in YACs.
Protective immunity in baboons vaccinated with a recombinant antigen or radiation-attenuated cercariae of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> is antibody-dependent. (1993)

Mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni exhibit high levels of resistance to challenge infection. We have previously shown that sera from these mice recognize polypeptides that are expressed on the surface of newly transformed schistosomula. We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA that encodes a 62-kDa portion of one of these polypeptides. Vaccination of mice with this 62-kDa polypeptide (designated rlrV-5) elicits high antibody titers and significant resistance to challenge infection. We report here the results of a vaccination trial in baboons with the rlrV-5 or radiation-attenuated cercariae. rlrV-5 was presented either in the form of protein micelles or complexed with the outer membrane protein of meningococcus to form proteosomes. The level of protection achieved in these groups ranged from 0 to 54%, with a mean of 27.7%. In baboons exposed to radiation-attenuated cercariae the level of protection was very high, with a mean of 84%. The resistance observed after vaccination with rlrV-5 or radiation-attenuated cercariae was reflected in the overall histopathology. Vaccination of baboons with rlrV-5 or radiation-attenuated cercariae elicited an antibody response against epitopes exposed on the surface of newly transformed schistosomula. In the case of baboons vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae, this response was not limited to epitopes encompassed by rlrV-5. Analysis of individual baboon sera by ELISA demonstrated that there was a direct correlation between the anti-rlrV-5 titer and resistance to challenge worm burden, suggesting that the immunoprotective mechanism is antibody-dependent.
Towards a Machine Learning Approach for Detecting Click Fraud in Mobile Advertizing (2018)

In recent years, mobile advertising has gained popularity as a mean for publishers to monetize their free applications. One of the main concerns in the in-app advertising industry is the popular attack known as “click fraud”, which is the act of clicking on an ad, not because of interest in this ad, but rather as a way to generate illegal revenues for the application publisher. Many studies evaluated click fraud attacks in the literature, and some proposed solutions to detect it. In this paper, we propose a click fraud detection model, hereafter CFC, to classify fraudulent clicks by adopting some features and then testing using KNN, ANN and SVM. In fact, based on our experimental results, the different featured classifiers reached an accuracy higher than 93%.
Granular cell basal cell carcinoma (1987)

Granular cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare histologic variant of BCC. In this, the third reported case, the tumor consisted almost entirely of granular cells. By electron microscopy, these cells were filled with pleomorphic lysosome-like granules lined by unit membranes and containing homogeneous or granular electron-dense bodies, membranous debris and amorphous material. The epithelial origin of the tumor was suggested by the characteristic light microscopic appearance of tumor cell islands with some areas of peripheral palisading, and was confirmed by electron microscopic features of numerous well-formed pentalaminate desmosome junctions and sparse cytoplasmic tonofilament bundles, some of which showed attachments to the desmosomes. Histochemical immunoperoxidase stains for lysozyme showed no cytoplasmic lysozyme activity, in common with other granular cell tumors, but ultrastructural examination did not reveal angulate bodies, in contrast to findings in non-epithelial granular cell tumors.
Spatial and temporal variations in toxicity in an urban-runoff treatment marsh (1995)

Abstract Toxicity tests have not been widely used to assess the performance of urban-runoff treatment facilities. In the present study, Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity tests were used to quantify toxicity of urban runoff at Crandall Creek and the downstream Demonstration Urban Stormwater Treatment (DUST) March in Fremont, California. Acute toxicity, expressed as the median time to lethality (LT50) for C. dubia, was used to compare the relative intensities of toxicity in the system. During or shortly after storm events, horizontal and vertical gradients in LT50 and electrical conductivity were observed, with high correlation between the two parameters. Toxicity diminished as time passed after the storm. The performance of the DUST Marsh as a treatment facility was evaluated for three aspects: detention, dilution, and toxicity removal. We found that toxic storm water generated by small- to medium-sized storms (5 to 25 mm rain) was contained in the marsh. Toxicity was greatly reduced upon dilution of storm water with pre-existing marsh water, and mixing of the water column increased the rate of toxicity diminution. Toxicity reduction, above and beyond that attributable to dilution, was evident in the marsh. Results of this study demonstrate the potential use of toxicity assessments as an integral component of marsh design and management.
Fibromyalgia and unexplained widespread pain: The idiopathic cerebrospinal pressure dysregulation hypothesis (2017)

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating, widespread pain disorder that is assumed to originate from inappropriate pain processing in the central nervous system. Psychological and behavioral factors are both believed to underlie the pathogenesis and complicate the treatment. This hypothesis, however, has not yet been sufficiently supported by scientific evidence and accumulating evidence supports a peripheral neurological origin of the symptoms. We postulate that FM and several unexplained widespread pain syndromes are caused by chronic postural idiopathic cerebrospinal hypertension. Thus, the symptoms originate from the filling of nerve root sleeves under high pressure with subsequent polyradiculopathy from the compression of the nerve root fibers (axons) inside the sleeves. Associated symptoms, such as bladder and bowel dysfunction, result from compression of the sacral nerve root fibers, and facial pain and paresthesia result from compression of the cranial nerve root fibers. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and the clinical entity of symptomatic Tarlov cysts share similar central and peripheral neurological symptoms and are likely other manifestations of the same condition. The hypothesis presented in this article links the characteristics of fibromyalgia and unexplained widespread pain to cerebrospinal pressure dysregulation with support from scientific evidence and provides a conclusive explanation for the multitude of symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.
Experimental study of heat-treated thin film Ti/Pt heater and temperature sensor properties on a Si microfluidic platform (2011)

Design, fabrication and characterization of thin film Ti/Pt heaters and integrated temperature sensors on a Si microfluidic platform are presented. Ti/Pt heaters and sensors provide controlled heating of microchannels realized on the opposite side of the Si platform. Ti/Pt heaters and sensors were fabricated simultaneously by a dc sputtering method and a lift-off process. Thermal annealing of deposited Ti/Pt layers in the temperature range of 300–700 °C was investigated revealing a strong impact on the Ti/Pt resistivity and, consequently, on the final resistance of fabricated heaters and sensors. Furthermore, it was determined that the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) for Ti/Pt temperature sensors and the heater increased with the annealing temperature. Microstructural analysis of deposited and annealed Ti/Pt layers carried out by AES and AFM revealed that recrystallization followed by a grain growth process of heat-treated Ti/Pt layers started at around 500 °C and correlated well with the behavior of electrical properties, but not with the TCR behavior of annealed layers. To reduce the heat losses of the heated Si platform, the heater and temperature sensors were covered hermetically by anodically bonded Pyrex glass with a prefabricated insulating cavity. According to this approach the power consumption was reduced by more than 25% due to the improved thermal insulation. Additional insulation steps implemented during thermal characterization of the assembled microfluidic platform further reduced the power consumption, but also increased the time response of the microfluidic reactor.
Incorporating scaffolding and tutor context into Bayesian knowledge tracing to predict inquiry skill acquisition (2013)

In this paper, we incorporate scaffolding and change of tutor context within the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) framework to track students ’ developing inquiry skills. These skills are demonstrated as students experiment within interactive simulations for two science topics. Our aim is twofold. First, we desire to improve the models ’ predictive performance by adding these factors. Second, we aim to interpret these extended models to reveal if our scaffolding approach is effective, and if inquiry skills transfer across the topics. We found that incorporating scaffolding yielded better predictions of individual students’ performance over the classic BKT model. By interpreting our models, we found that scaffolding appears to be effective at helping students acquire these skills, and that the skills transfer across topics.
Wavelet-based Compression for Multispectral Imagery (2000)

For the multispectral image (MSI) data, there are two types of redundancy: spatial redundancy and spectral redundancy. In this paper, we classified the spectral redundancy into two categories: spectral statistical redundancy and spectral structural redundancy. The former is based on the spectral resolution. The higher spectral resolution the more redundancy. The latter is caused by the same imaging objects of all bands images, it is essentially based on the arrangement of earth objects. Essentially, the two types of redundancy are different. Here, we proposed a lossy compression technique based on wavelet transformation: Share Significance Map Wavelet Transform (SSMWT). With this technique, zerotree coding was used in compression of MSI, and we only need to create one significance map for all bands of images in MSI, is the light of structure correlation between all bands of images after WT, and then to remove spatial correlation and spectral structure correlation. Combined with K L transformation, the spectral statistic correlation of MSI can be removed. The experiments have shown the efficiency of this technique.
Quantitative assessment of scaffold and growth factor‐mediated repair of critically sized bone defects (2007)

An 8-mm rat segmental defect model was used to evaluate quantitatively the ability of longitudinally oriented poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) scaffolds with or without growth factors to promote bone healing. BMP-2 and TGF-beta3, combined with RGD-alginate hydrogel, were co-delivered to femoral defects within the polymer scaffolds at a dose previously shown to synergistically induce ectopic mineralization. A novel modular composite implant design was used to achieve reproducible stable fixation, provide a window for longitudinal in vivo micro-CT monitoring of 3D bone ingrowth, and allow torsional biomechanical testing of functional integration. Sequential micro-CT analysis showed that bone ingrowth increased significantly between 4 and 16 weeks for the scaffold-treated defects with or without growth factors, but no increase with time was observed in empty defect controls. Treatment with scaffold alone improved defect stability at 16 weeks compared to nontreatment, but did not achieve bone union or restoration of mechanical function. Augmentation of scaffolds with BMP-2 and TGF-beta3 significantly increased bone formation at both 4 and 16 weeks compared to nontreatment, but only produced bone bridging of the defect region in two of six cases. Histological evaluation indicated that bone formed first at the periphery of the scaffolds, followed by more limited mineral deposition within the scaffold interior, suggesting that the cells participating in the initial healing response were primarily derived from periosteum. This study introduces a challenging segmental defect model that facilitates quantitative evaluation of strategies to repair critically sized bone defects. Healing of the defect region was improved by implanting structural polymeric scaffolds infused with growth factors incorporated within RGD-alginate. However, functional integration of the constructs appeared limited by continued presence of slow-degrading scaffolds and suboptimal dose or delivery of osteoinductive signals.
Wage Distributions by Wage-Setting Regime (2005)

Auch mit seiner neuen Reihe „IAB-Discussion Paper “ will das Forschungsinstitut der Bundesagentur für Arbeit den Dialog mit der externen Wissenschaft intensivieren. Durch die rasche Verbreitung von Forschungsergebnissen über das Internet soll noch vor Drucklegung Kritik angeregt und Qualität gesichert werden. Also with its new series &quot;IAB Discussion Paper &quot; the research institute of the German Federal Employment Agency wants to intensify dialogue with external science. By the rapid spreading of research results via Internet still before printing criticism shall be stimulated and quality shall