gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward ultimate efficiency: progress and prospects on planar and 3D nanostructured nonpolar and semipolar InGaN light-emitting diodes (2018)

Nonpolar and semipolar III-nitride-based blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been extensively investigated as potential replacements for current polar c-plane LEDs. High-power and low-efficiency-droop blue LEDs have been demonstrated on nonpolar and semipolar planes III-nitride due to the advantages of eliminated or reduced polarization-related electric field and homoepitaxial growth. Semipolar (202¯1) and (202¯1¯) LEDs have contributed to bridging “green gap” (low efficiency in green spectral region) by incorporating high indium compositions, reducing polarization effects, and suppressing defects. Other properties, such as low thermal droop, narrow spectral linewidth, small wavelength shift, and polarized emission, have also been reported for nonpolar and semipolar LEDs. In this paper we review the theoretical background, device performance, material properties, and physical mechanisms for nonpolar and semipolar III-nitride semiconductors and associated blue and green LEDs. The latest progress on topics including efficiency droop, thermal droop, green-gap, and three-dimensional nanostructures is detailed. Future challenges, potential solutions, and applications will also be covered.
Targeting epidermal lipids for treatment of Mendelian disorders of cornification (2014)

This therapy is inexpensive and accessible to every patient with CHILD syndrome, because both simvastatin and cholesterol are available worldwide. Our data provide initial evidence of the specificity of the therapeutic effect of the simvastatin-cholesterol ointment in CHILD syndrome in comparison to other types of MeDOC.
The Hope of Glory (1973)

It seems evident to me that, if we are to be maintained in being after the present life is ended, there must be continuity of some kind between the life we lead now and our life ‘hereafter’. For otherwise there seems to be little point in our having a further existence. It was maintained earlier that we would be the persons we are now in another life even if we had no awareness of our previous existence, and if there were no other form of continuity. This needs to be made clear to bring out properly the nature of the self. On the other hand, it would be odd to have conferred upon us, or in some way to attain to, a further existence (or a series of them) altogether divorced from our existence now. Why not create new beings for whatever purpose is to be served? One form of continuity would be that by which our lives at present affect or determine a future life without our knowing this ourselves or recalling the earlier life. This holds on many forms of the doctrine of Karma. It seems to me, however, that, short of fulfilling some universal requirement of justice in the way implied in that doctrine, there is little to be said for our being maintained in existence with no continuity known to ourselves between one life and another. Admittedly, one life could have some effect on our dispositional set-up in another life without our being aware of how this had come about. But it is hard to see why the same result could not be achieved in some other way, by new creations for example. The great likelihood, it seems then, is that, if we survive our present existence, it will be with some awareness, including, I should add, remembrance, of our life here and now. This is the expectation that most people have if they hope for some future life for themselves. It seems to me that they are fully justified in thinking of it in those terms and that, if it matters for them, it is most likely to do so in the form indicated. This is much enhanced if the hope in question includes, as it usually does, the expectation of a renewal of our fellowship with those whose love and friendship we esteem most now, those who are ‘lost awhile’ but with whom we hope to be reunited ‘some day’.
Evaluation of Solid Dispersions of Clofazimine (2002)

Clofazimine (CLF) was formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a solid solid dispersion (SSD) to increase the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. Different molecular weights of PEG (1500, 4000, 6000, and 9000 Da) and PVP (14,000 and 44,000 Da) were used in different drug:carrier weight ratios (1:1, 1:5, and 1:9) and their effect on the dissolution performance of the drug was evaluated in USP Type 2 apparatus using 0.1 N HCl medium. The dissolution rate was compared with corresponding physical mixtures, a currently marketed soft gelatin capsule product, and free CLF. The effect of different methods of preparation (solvent/melt) on the dissolution rate of CLF was evaluated for PEG solid dispersions. Saturation solubility and phase solubility studies were carried out to indicate drug:carrier interactions in liquid state. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to indicate drug:carrier interactions in solid state. Improvement in the drug dissolution rate was observed in solid dispersion formulations as compared to the physical mixtures. The dissolution rate improved with the decreasing weight fraction of the drug in the formulation. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone solid dispersion systems gave a better drug release profile as compared to the corresponding PEG solid dispersions. The effect of molecular weight of the PEG polymers did not follow a definite trend, while PVP 14,000 gave a better dissolution profile as compared to PVP 44,000. Improvement in saturation solubility of the drug in the solid dispersion systems was noted in all cases. Further, IR spectroscopy indicated drug:carrier interactions in solid state in one case and XRD indicated reduction in the crystallinity of CLF in another. It was concluded that solid-dispersion formulations of Clofazimine can be used to design a solid dosage form of the drug, which would have significant advantages over the currently marketed soft gelatin capsule dosage form.
The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by cultures of rabbit corneal endothelial and stromal cells (1976)

Confluent monolayer cultures of rabbit corneal endothelial and stromal cells were incubated independently with [35S]sulphate and [3H]glucosamine for 3 days. AFter incubation, labelled glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the growth medium and from a cellular fraction. These glycosaminoglycans were further characterized by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and by sequential treatment with various glycosamino-glycan-degrading enzymes. Both endothelial and stromal cultures synthesized hyaluronic acid as the principal product. The cell fraction from the stromal cultures, however, had significantly less hyaluronic acid than that from the endothelial cultures. In addition, both types of cells synthesized a variety of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. The relative amounts of each sulphated glycosaminoglycan in the two cell lines were similar, with chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate and dermatan sulphate as the major components. Heparan sulphate was present in smaller amounts. Keratan sulphate was also identified, but only in very small amounts (1-3%). The presence of dermatan sulphate and the high content of hyaluronic acid are similar to the pattern of glycosaminoglycans seen in regenerating or developing tissues, including cornea.
Bacteria Growth Monitoring Through a Differential CMOS Capacitive Sensor (2010)

In this paper, we present a bacteria growth monitoring technique using a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor capacitive sensor. The proposed platform features a differential capacitive readout architecture with two interdigitized reference and sensing electrodes. These electrodes are exposed to pure Luria-Bertani (LB) medium and Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) bacteria suspended in the LB medium, respectively. In order to direct the solutions toward the electrodes, two microfluidic channels are implemented atop the electrodes through a direct-write assembly technique. We thereafter demonstrate and discuss the experimental results by using two different bacteria concentrations in the order of 10(6) and 10(7) per 1 mL in the LB medium.
Selective Wet and Dry Etching of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon and Related Materials (1988)

The etch rate in aqueous solutions and in plasmas was measured for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) as a function of preparation conditions, and was compared to that of silicon in the hydrogen‐free amorphous, polycrystalline, and crystalline form. The rate depends strongly on hydrogen content in wet etching and moderately in plasma etching. In analogy to crystalline silicon, the plasma etch rate of a‐Si:H exhibits a strong dependence on the Fermi level.
Spirometry and peak expiratory flow in the primary care management of COPD (2004)

Spirometry is essential for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In patients with COPD the decline in lung function is usually so slow that spirometry is unlikely to provide significantly new information more than every 1-2 years. However, it is useful to have an objective measure of lung function in the assessment of acute exacerbations of COPD and in the assessment of treatments. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) has been dismissed by national and international guidelines as an inappropriate test for the assessment of the impact of COPD, but with poor evidence in support of this position. This seems short-sighted since PEF is a reliable and reproducible test and could contribute to the management of COPD in the short term and in support of spirometry. As a result of infection or in response to treatment there may be changes in airway calibre in COPD which could be captured in the consultation by PEF. In a primary care setting spirometry is too time consuming and complex to be provided in the context of normal acute consulting. Furthermore there is no evidence that spirometry provides more information than PEF in the day-to-day management of a patient already diagnosed with COPD using forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). Primary care teams should ensure that their patients have adequate access to high quality spirometry. This can be provided in primary care or in local centres or in hospitals depending on the interest, motivation and resources of primary care teams. In support of spirometry general practitioners (GPs) should then consider using PEF in the day-to-day management of COPD.
Event-Based Analysis of People's Activities and Behavior Using Flickr and Panoramio Geotagged Photo Collections (2010)

Photo-sharing websites such as Flickr and Panoramio contain millions of geotagged images contributed by people from all over the world. Characteristics of these data pose new challenges in the domain of spatio-temporal analysis. In this paper, we define several different tasks related to analysis of attractive places, points of interest and comparison of behavioral patterns of different user communities on geotagged photo data. We perform analysis and comparison of temporal events, rankings of sightseeing places in a city, and study mobility of people using geotagged photos. We take a systematic approach to accomplish these tasks by applying scalable computational techniques, using statistical and data mining algorithms, combined with interactive geo-visualization. We provide exploratory visual analysis environment, which allows the analyst to detect spatial and temporal patterns and extract additional knowledge from large geotagged photo collections. We demonstrate our approach by applying the methods to several regions in the world.
Using the Diff Command in Patent Documents (2002)

using the Unix command Diff. We previously proposed ways to use Diff in natural language processing. In this contest, we tried handling three problems by using Diff. One is to extract rewriting rules. The second is to align the claims in a patent to the contents of the patent. The third is to extract differences of claims in a patent. We obtained interesting results in the three studies and showed the usefulness of Diff. These results would be useful for reading and writing patents.
Service Function Chaining: Creating a Service Plane via Network Service Headers (2014)

As service chaining matures, interoperability is a must. Network service headers provide the required data-plane information needed to construct topologically independent service paths as well as to pass opaque metadata between classification and service functions.
Detection of Irradiated Agricultural Products by Thermoluminescence(TL) (2000)

A study was carried out to establish the detection method of irradiated agricultural products cultivated in Korea by Thermoluminscece(TL). Samples were irradiated using Co-60 gamma rays at various doses(0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 kGy). After irradiation, separated minerals of the samples measured by TL. TL intensity increased with increasing doses and the irradiated samples were higher than the non-irradiated samples. TL first and second glow curves showed maximum TL temperature point at and , respectively. All the irradiated samples can be classified correctly by the shape of the glow curve and the glow curve ratio. Correlation coefficients of ginger, carrot, potato and sweet potato were 0.9968, 0.8522, 0.9612 and 0.9071, respectively, that showed very high correlation between irradiation dose and TL intensity. Therefore, these results suggest that TL measurement is an useful detection method for irradiated agricultural products.
Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drive Servos (2011)

In this dissertation, the design of servo control algorithms is investigated to produce high-density and cost-effective hard disk drives (HDDs). In order to sustain the continuing increase of HDD data storage density, dual-stage actuator servo systems using a secondary micro-actuator have been developed to improve the precision of read/write head positioning control by increasing their servo bandwidth. In this dissertation, the modeling and control design of dual-stage track-following servos are considered. Specifically, two track-following control algorithms for dual-stage HDDs are developed. The designed controllers were implemented and evaluated on a disk drive with a PZT-actuated suspension-based dual-stage servo system.Usually, the feedback position error signal (PES) in HDDs is sampled on some specified servo sectors with an equidistant sampling interval, which implies that HDD servo systems with a regular sampling rate can be modeled as linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. However, sampling intervals for HDD servo systems are not always equidistant and sometimes, an irregular sampling rate due to missing PES sampling data is unavoidable. With the natural periodicity of HDDs, which is related to the disk rotation, those HDD servo systems with missing PES samples can be modeled as linear periodically time-varying (LPTV) systems.For the control synthesis of HDD servos with irregular sampling rates, an explicit optimal H_infinity control synthesis algorithm for general LPTV systems is first obtained by solving discrete Riccati equations. Then, the optimal H_infinity track-following control for irregular-sampling-rate servos is synthesized. Simulation and experiment studies, which have been carried out on a set of actual single-stage hard disk drives, demonstrate that the proposed control synthesis technique is able to handle irregular sampling rates and can be used to conveniently design a track-following servo that achieves the robust performance of a desired error rejection function for disturbance attenuation. Moreover, experiment results show that compared to the currently-used methodology for irregular sampling rates, the proposed control algorithm has significantly improved the servo performance.In addition, the feedback signal in HDD servos is generated from the servo patterns that must be pre-recorded using servo track writing process before the HDD can be used. Thus, the quality of the servo track writing process is also crucial to the accuracy of positioning read/write head. Recently, self-servo track writing has been developed in order to improve the quality of the written servo patterns and reduce the cost of servo track writing process. This dissertation considers two novel controller synthesis methodologies employing a feedforward control structure for performing concentric self-servo track writing in hard disk drives. Simulation results confirm that the two proposed control synthesis methodologies prevent error propagation from the previously written tracks and significantly improve servo track writing performance.
A Replication Study for the Association of rs726252 in PAPPA2 with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Chinese Han Population (2014)

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common developmental hip disorder, which ranges from mild acetabulum malformation to irreducible hip dislocation. A previous study suggested a significant association of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPPA2) with DDH susceptibility in Chinese Han population. But with the consideration of the sample size, the association was still debatable. To confirm the association of the reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PAPPA2, rs726252 with DDH, we conducted a case-control study in a larger number of subjects. We genotyped rs726252 in 697 DDH subjects and 707 control subjects by TaqMan assay. The association between this SNP and DDH was evaluated statistically. No significant difference was found in any comparison of genotype distribution nor allele frequency between cases and controls. Our replication study indicated that the association between rs726252 and DDH in Chinese Han population was debatable. The association between PAPPA2 and DDH should be evaluated by additional studies.
Voltage Island Generation under Performance Requirement for SoC Designs (2007)

Using multiple supply voltages on a SoC design is an efficient way to achieve low power. However, it may lead to a complex power network and a huge number of level shifters if we just set the cores to operate at their respective lowest voltage levels. We present two formulations for the voltage level assignment problem. The first is exact but takes longer time to compute a solution. The second can be solved much faster with virtually no loss on optimality. In addition, we propose a modification to the traditional floorplanning framework. Unlike previous works (Jingcao Hu et al., 2004) and (Hung et al., 2005), we can optimize the total power consumption, the level shifter overhead, and the power network complexity without compromising the wirelength and the chip area. In the experiments, we obtained 17- 53% power savings with voltage island generation.
Design and evaluation of osmotic pump tablets of naproxen sodium. (2001)

Osmotic pump tablets (OPTs) deliver a constant, predetermined amount of drug in solution form over a fixed span of time, independent of external environmental conditions. OPTs of naxopren sodium (NPS) were made and evaluated with the principal aim of limiting the drug's frequently experienced gastrointestinal side effects, by preventing the undissolved drug from coming in to contact with the gastric mucosa. OPTs with and without the osmotic driving agent, sodium chloride (SCL), with different membrane thicknesses, and with and without an orifice were designed. In vitro release profiles of the OPTs, when compared to a conventional marketed tablet (Xenobid 275), were highly controlled and exhibited an almost perfect zero-order release pattern. The magnitudes of lag times and average release rates were found to depend on the amount of SCL present in the formulation which decreased the drug's solubility within the system. The release rates were found to be independent of stirring rate and decreased with increasing membrane thickness. Release profiles of the OPTs with and without an orifice were found to be comparable.
Neoplastic consequences of transplantation and chemotherapy. (1987)

An increased incidence of certain neoplasms occurs in immunodeficiency states. The incidence of cancer in organ transplant patients is approximately 4%. The predominant tumors are lymphomas, carcinomas of the skin and lips, carcinomas of the vulva/perineum, in situ carcinomas of the uterine cervix, and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Tumors appear a relatively short time after transplantation. Unusual features of the lymphomas are the high incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, frequent involvement of extranodal sites, and marked predilection for the brain. Skin cancers present unusual features: predominance of squamous cell carcinomas, young age of the patients, and a high incidence of multiple tumors. Cancers of the vulva/perineum occur at a younger age than in the general population and may be preceded by condyloma acuminatum or herpes genitalis. Lymphomas, leukemias, and skin cancers are increased in nontransplant patients who receive immunosuppressive therapy for nonmalignant diseases. Second tumors that develop in cancer patients, after treatment with cytotoxic therapy, are mainly leukemias, lymphomas, and bladder carcinomas.
Formation of interchain disulfide bonds and helical structure during biosynthesis of procollagen by embryonic tendon cells (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of interchain disulfide bonds and helical structure during biosynthesis of procollagen by embryonic tendon cellsJ. David Schofield, Jouni Uitto, and Darwin J. ProckopCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 9, 1801–1806Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00706a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00706a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secure communication between set-top box and smart card in DTV broadcasting (2004)

In digital television (DTV) broadcasting, service providers charge a subscribing fee by scrambling the program with conditional access system as well as control the illegal receiving of the charged program. A smart card is used to decrypt the control words and transfer them back to set-top box (STB) to descramble the scrambled program. Secure communication between STB and smart card is directly related with the benefit of service providers and the legal rights of users, while key exchange is the essential part of secure communication. In this paper, we propose a key exchange protocol for STB and smart card based on Schnorr's digital signature protocol and one-way hash function. Our proposed protocol is dynamic, secure, mutual authenticated and lower computation. Moreover, the proposed protocol can prevent smart cloning and McCormac Hack problems.