gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Provoking Discomfort (2019)

Triggered by differing responses of Columbia University School of Social Work students to a recent hate crime at neighboring Teachers College, this paper explores evidence that parts of the student body may, through lacking awareness of its own prejudiced tendencies, be acting out subtle racism and perpetuating the very ethnic divides that fuel racist aggression. The paper argues that fear and an underrepresentation of minority students impede the real dialogue necessary to overcome such aversive racism – but contends that the introspective and emotionally honest debate which has followed in the wake of the hate crime offers a window of opportunity for change. Steps need to be taken to build the self-reflection witnessed in ensuing forums into the school curriculum and ensure that all graduating students are similarly provoked to the necessary understanding of our individual role in sustaining or combating prejudice and segregation. Only in this manner can we hope to overcome racism as a whole and become the social work practitioners we aspire to be – capable of resolving the conflicts and tensions within us, as well as around us.
Self testable boards with standard IEEE 1149.5 module test and maintenance (MTM) bus interface (2002)

In this paper we present the PMSC (Programmable Module Selftest Controller) chip, which realizes an intelligent module test and maintenance (MTM) bus interface for boards as specified in the IEEE 1149.5 standard. Using the standardized "Reset Module with SBIT" command the PMSC chip performs a complete self test of the whole board, which includes the test of all interconnects and all chips. We support chips with a self test capability as well as chips without self test since the PMSC chip allows on-line test pattern generation and test response evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hand-movement-based in-vehicle driver/front-seat passenger discrimination for centre console controls (2009)

Successful user discrimination in a vehicle environment may yield a reduction of the number of switches, thus significantly reducing costs while increasing user convenience. The personalization of individual controls permits conditional passenger enable/driver disable and vice versa options which may yield safety improvement. The authors propose a prototypic optical sensing system based on hand movement segmentation in near-infrared image sequences implemented in an Audi A6 Avant. Analyzing the number of movements in special regions, the system recognizes the direction of the forearm and hand motion and decides whether driver or front-seat passenger touch a control. The experimental evaluation is performed independently for uniformly and non-uniformly illuminated video data as well as for the complete video data set which includes both subsets. The general test results in error rates of up to 14.41% FPR / 16.82% FNR and 17.61% FPR / 14.77% FNR for driver and passenger respectively. Finally, the authors discuss the causes of the most frequently occurring errors as well as the prospects and limitations of optical sensing for user discrimination in passenger compartments.
The Nitroaromatic Group in Drug Design. Pharmacology and Toxicology (for Nonpharmacologists) (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Nitroaromatic Group in Drug Design. Pharmacology and Toxicology (for Nonpharmacologists)Michael J. StraussCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1979, 18, 3, 158–166Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360071a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i360071a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mapping of Fine Grayscale Data into the sRGB Color Space (2002)

Abstract: Fine grayscale data exceeding 8 bits per pixel is mapped into the sRGB color space so as to be displayed on a 24-bit sRGB CRT monitor. The characteristics of the pseudo gray generated by mapping are investigated in terms of the CIELAB color difference and chromaticities. 1.
Decision making in dynamic and interactive environments based on cognitive hierarchy theory, Bayesian inference, and predictive control (2019)

In this paper, we describe an integrated framework for autonomous decision making in a dynamic and interactive environment. We model the interactions between the ego agent and its operating environment as a two-player dynamic game, and integrate cognitive behavioral models, Bayesian inference, and receding-horizon optimal control to define a dynamically-evolving decision strategy for the ego agent. Simulation examples representing autonomous vehicle control in three traffic scenarios where the autonomous ego vehicle interacts with a human-driven vehicle are reported.
Antioxidant and oxidative enzyme adaptations to vitamin E deprivation and training (1994)

The effects of endurance training on tissue antioxidant and oxidative enzyme activities were determined in heart, liver, and five skeletal muscles of female rats. Rats were fed either normal (+E) or vitamin E free (-E) diets for 16 wk. For the final 8 wk, subgroups of +E and -E diet animals were trained by treadmill running at 40 m.min-1, 15% grade for 60 min.d-1. No significant differences in training abilities were observed between diet groups. Endurance training significantly increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in all skeletal muscles for both the +E and -E diet animals with no significant difference in degree of response between diet groups. Neither vitamin E deprivation, training, or their combination generally affected the activities of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in skeletal muscles, heart, or liver of the animals. These results suggest that despite an anticipated increase in free radical induced tissue "oxidative stress" brought about by a combination of vitamin E deprivation and endurance training, antioxidant enzyme adaptations were not evident and the response of citrate synthase to training was not impaired in female rats.
Blue and UV‐A light‐regulated <i>CHS</i> expression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> independent of phytochrome A and phytochrome B (1996)

Light plays a fundamental role in the development of higher plants. It influences the activity of many genes and is sensed through at least three different photoreceptor systems (phytochromes, blue/UV‐A‐ and UV‐B photoreceptors). In contrast to UV‐B and blue/UV‐A photoreceptors, phytochromes absorb both in the long‐wavelength (red and far‐red) and short‐wavelength region of light, making it extremely difficult to differentiate the exact function of different photoreceptors in the blue/UV region. The availability of phytochrome mutants in combination with a transgenic approach has enabled clarification of the question whether or not phytochromes are a prerequisite for the action of blue/UV‐A photoreceptors on gene expression. This paper reports that the light‐responsive element of a gene encoding chalcone synthase, the key enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, mediates blue‐ and UV‐A‐induced transcription in the absence of phytochrome A and phytochrome B.
Impairment of Immunogenicity of Salmonella typhi Ty21a Due to Preexisting Cross-Reacting Intestinal Antibodies (1992)

Ty21a Due to Preexisting Cross-Reacting Intestinal Antibodies Colleagues-The live attenuated. orally administered typhoid vaccine. Salmonella typhi Ty2la, has been licensed in the United States, Australia, and many European countries for use as prophylaxis against typhoid fever, using a regimen of three or four doses of 10 9 viable organisms on alternate days. There is no evidence that this provides protection in healthy adults not previously exposed to S. typhi. The belief that Ty21 a will be effective in healthy travelers, who normally reside in nonendemic areas, against typhoid fever on travel to an endemic area is based on the extrapolation of protection studies done using a variety of different formulations and vaccination schedules in endemic regions with diverse disease incidences. A recent observation is that intestinal immune responses to the enteric-coated formulation of Ty21 a were evident only in subjects with some evidence of intestinal immunologic priming [I]. The absence of any knowledge of the prior immune status or the degree ofimmunologic priming of vaccine recipients involved in the many and extensive field trials of Ty21 a conducted in endemic areas appears to make any sensible extrapolation of the protection data quite difficult.
The putative androgen receptor-A form results from in vitro proteolysis (2001)

Activation domains in the 114 kDa androgen receptor (AR) NH(2)- and carboxyl-terminal regions are thought to contribute to different extents to AR-mediated transactivation. We investigated using anti-peptide antibodies whether smaller AR forms that migrate like the previously described 87 kDa AR-A occur in vivo resulting in constitutive or increased gene activation. Immunoblots of prostate cancer and fibroblast cell culture extracts revealed 114 and 84 kDa AR forms. Antibody mapping indicated the 84 kDa AR lacked the ligand-binding domain and comigrated with the constitutively active AR fragment AR1-660. AR expressed in COS cells was 114 and 92 kDa. Migration of the 92 kDa AR was slightly slower than that of a 90 kDa expressed fragment that was designed to initiate at the second methionine (residue 189) and lacked the NH(2)-terminal FxxLF interaction sequence. The 92 kDa AR did not result from alternative initiation since it was observed when the second methionine was changed to alanine. Optimization of extraction conditions indicated that both 84 and 92 kDa forms resulted from in vitro proteolytic cleavage and that cleavage by caspase-3 could account for the 92 kDa form. The results suggest that AR forms with gel mobility similar to that of the previously described 87 kDa AR-A result from in vitro proteolytic cleavage of NH(2)- or carboxyl-terminal regions during cell extraction and storage and that smaller forms with increased transcriptional activity do not occur in vivo.
Urotensin II, from fish to human (2010)

The cyclic peptide urotensin II (UII) was originally isolated from the urophysis of teleost fish on the basis of its ability to contract intestinal smooth muscle. The UII peptide has subsequently been isolated from frog brain and, later on, the pre-proUII cDNA has been characterized in mammals, including humans. A UII paralog called urotensin II-related peptide (URP) has been identified in the rat brain. The UII and URP genes originate from the same ancestral gene as the somatostatin and cortistatin genes. In the central nervous system (CNS) of tetrapods, UII is expressed primarily in motoneurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. The biological actions of UII and URP are mediated through a G protein-coupled receptor, termed UT, that exhibits high sequence similarity with the somatostatin receptors. The UT gene is widely expressed in the CNS and in peripheral organs. Consistent with the broad distribution of UT, UII and URP exert a large array of behavioral effects and regulate endocrine, cardiovascular, renal, and immune functions.
AL-FEC Raptor Code Implementation Over 3GPP eMBMS Network (2013)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next step beyond the third generation mobile networks based on Third Generation Partnership Project. LTE includes enhanced Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services (MBMS), also called as Evolved multimedia broadcast and multicast services (eMBMS) where the same content is transmitted to multiple users in one specific area. eMBMS is a new function defined in 3GPP Release 8 specification that supports the delivery of content and streaming to group users into LTE mobile networks. In LTE an important point of demanding multimedia services is to improve the robustness against packet losses. In this direction, in order to support effective point-tomultipoint download and streaming delivery, 3GPP has included an Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) scheme in the standard eMBMS. The standard AL-FEC system is based on systematic, fountain Raptor codes. Raptor coding is very useful in case of packet loss during transmission as it recover all video frame back from insufficient data at receiver terminal .In our work, in response to the emergence of an enhanced AL-FEC scheme, a raptor code has been implemented and performance is evaluated on image and the simulation results are obtained.
Research on Vertical Search Method of Multidimensional Resources in English Discipline Based on Edge Computing (2021)

The traditional vertical search method only considers the content of the webpage, and the global master node is not enough, which will lead to premature convergence and fall into the local optimum, resulting in insufficient multi-dimensional search of resources. Therefore, this paper proposes a multidimensional resource vertical edge based on the calculation of English subject search method. This paper analyzes the architecture of search engine firstly and then introduces the multiaccess edge computing architecture. At last, it constructs the vertical search task computing model of multidimensional resources in English discipline. By associating and traversing the attributes of multidimensional resources of English discipline, the vertical search of attribute information is realized offline, and the vertical search method of multidimensional resources of English discipline based on edge calculation is designed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative experiment is designed. Experimental results show that the method can improve the resource search ratio and recall ratio, and it can also effectively improve the search efficiency. For an English subject resource data of 50 MB, the calculation methods of edge multidimensional resource data search recall rate can reach 97% and multidimensional resource data search time consumption is only 39 ms. The experimental results show that the performance of English subject multidimensional resources vertical search is much better.
Generic Codes Based Traitor Tracing and Revoking Scheme from Attribute-Based Encryption (2014)

In broadcast encryption system, traitor tracing is helpful to find out the traitors who give out their decryption keys to construct pirate decoders. Many codes based traitor tracing schemes were proposed. However, there is no work that shows the connections between attribute-based encryption schemes and codes based tracing and revoking schemes. We describe a generic codes based tracing and revoking scheme, based on cipher text-policy attribute-based encryption with expressive access policies consisted of multiple AND-gates and OR-gates. Our method shows how to embed collusion secure codes into the selected attribute-based encryption scheme to construct a tracing and revoking system. Each bit of collusion secure codes is treated as an attribute and assigned to the corresponding users. The codeword of the pirate decoder is recovered by testing its decrypting ability, and then at least one of the traitors can be identified. Our method can be extended to adopt other codes such as identifiable parent property (IPP) codes.
Simultaneous gate sizing and fanout optimization (2000)

This paper describes an algorithm for simultaneous gate sizing and fanout optimization along the timing-critical paths in a circuit. First, a continuous-variable delay model that captures both sizing and buffering effects is presented. Next, the optimization problem is formulated as a non-convex mathematical program. To manage the problem size, only a small number of critical paths are considered simultaneously. The mathematical program is solved by a non-linear programming package. Finally, a design flow based on iterative selection and optimization of the k most critical paths in the circuit is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed flow reduces the circuit delay by an average of 9.2% compared to conventional flows that separate gate sizing from fanout optimization.
Supermode noise suppression in a harmonically modelockedfibre laser by selfphase modulation and spectral filtering (1996)

Harmonically modelocked fibre lasers suffer from supermode noise because the slow gain relaxation time cannot equalise the individual pulse energies. The authors show that the combination of selfphase modulation and spectral filtering provides a fast intensity dependent loss in the cavity, which equalises the pulse energies and completely suppresses supermode competition.
RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow (2020)

We introduce Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT), a new deep network architecture for optical flow. RAFT extracts per-pixel features, builds multi-scale 4D correlation volumes for all pairs of pixels, and iteratively updates a flow field through a recurrent unit that performs lookups on the correlation volumes. RAFT achieves state-of-the-art performance. On KITTI, RAFT achieves an F1-all error of 5.10%, a 16% error reduction from the best published result (6.10%). On Sintel (final pass), RAFT obtains an end-point-error of 2.855 pixels, a 30% error reduction from the best published result (4.098 pixels). In addition, RAFT has strong cross-dataset generalization as well as high efficiency in inference time, training speed, and parameter count. Code is available at https://github.com/princeton-vl/RAFT.
Synthesis and Cancer Stem Cell-Based Activity of Substituted 5-Morpholino-7<i>H</i>-thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]pyran-7-ones Designed as Next Generation PI3K Inhibitors (2013)

Dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in a wide range of tumors has made PI3K a consensus target to inhibit as illustrated by more than 15 inhibitors now in clinical trials. Our previous work, built on the early pioneering multikinase inhibitor LY294002, resulted in the only PI3K vascular-targeted PI3K inhibitor prodrug, SF1126, which has now completed Phase I clinical trials. This inhibitor has properties that impart more in vivo activity than should be warranted by its enzymatic potency, which in general is much lower than other clinical stage PI3K inhibitors. We embarked on the exploration of scaffolds that retained such properties while simultaneously exhibiting an increased potency toward PI3K. This work resulted in the discovery of the 5-morpholino-7H-thieno[3,2-b]pyran-7-one system as the foundation of a new compound class of potential PI3K inhibitors having improved potency toward PI3K. The synthesis and cancer stem cell-based activity of these compounds are reported herein.
Formation of NiSi-Silicided p[sup +]n Shallow Junctions Using Implant-Through-Silicide and Low-Temperature Furnace Annealing (2003)

NiSi-silicided shallow junctions are fabricated using implantation into/through thin NiSi silicide layer (implant-through-silicide technology) followed by low-temperature furnace annealing (from 550 to 800°C). The NiSi film agglomerates following a thermal annealing at 600°C and may result in the formation of discontinuous islands at a higher temperature. The incorporation of fluorine atoms in the NiSi film can retard the formation of film agglomeration and thus improving the film's thermal stability. The forward ideality factor of about 1.02 and the reverse current density of about 1 nA/cm2 can be attained for the NiSi junctions fabricated by implantation at 35 keV to a dose of followed by a 650°C thermal annealing; the junction formed is about 60 nm measured from the NiSi/Si interface. Activation energy measurement indicates that the reverse bias junction currents are dominated by the diffusion current, indicating that most of the implanted damages can be recovered after annealing at a temperature as low as 650°C. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Yield Enhancement in Photolithography Through Model-Based Process Control: Average Mode Control (2005)

This work describes the fabrication facility (FAB) implementation of a multivariable nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) for the regulation of critical dimensions (CD) in photolithography. The controller is based on nonlinear empirical models relating the stepper inputs, exposure dose and focus on the isolated and dense CDs measured by scanning electron microscopy. Since the adjustments are made on the basis of the average value of five measured points in each wafer, this is referred to as average mode control. The optimal structure and parameters of these empirical models were determined by genetic programming, to closely match FAB data. The tuning and testing of the NMPC regulator were facilitated by the use of a simulated photolithography track, using the KLA-Tencor-FINLE PROLITH package, suitably calibrated to match FAB conditions. On implementation in the FAB, the NMPC has been demonstrated to consistently maintain the CDs close to their setpoint values, despite unmeasured disturbances such as shifts in uncontrolled inputs. It was also shown that adopting the multivariable feedback regulatory strategy to regulate the CDs results in significant improvements in the die yield.
Mie resonance-based dielectric metamaterials (2009)

Increasing attention on metamaterials has been paid due to their exciting physical behaviors and potential applications. While most of such artificial material structures developed so far are based on metallic resonant structures, Mie resonances of dielectric particles open a simpler and more versatile route for construction of isotropic metamaterials with higher operating frequencies. Here, we review the recent progresses of Mie resonance-based metamaterials by providing a description of the underlying mechanisms to realize negative permeability, negative permittivity and double negative media. We address some potential novel applications.
Partial MHC Class II molecules preferentially bind to B cells (93.22) (2007)

Abstract Recombinant, two-domain MHC Class II proteins (α1β1MHCII) that lack sequence from the membrane proximal α2 and β2 domains of MHC Class II adhere preferentially to B cells in vivo and ex vivo; whereas, full length (four-domain) constructs do not bind. Because α1β1MHCII molecules that contain only native MHC Class II sequence have preferential affinity for B cells, we hypothesize that a natural, cell-free form of MHC Class II (similar to recombinant α1β1MHCII) exists and has affinity for a receptor expressed by B cells. Evidence that endogenous, natural MHC Class II molecules transfer to B cells and that α1β1MHCII has inter- and intra-species affinity for B cells suggest that this is a natural and evolutionarily conserved property. And evidence that α1β1MHCII can stimulate CD4+ T cells suggests that there is an immune function for partial, cell-free MHC Class II. Transfer of immunoreactive, cell-free α1β1MHCII/Ag complexes to B cells suggests a here-to-fore unrecognized pathway for T cell activation.