gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous growth in serum-free medium and production of hepatocellular carcinomas by differentiated hepatocyte lines that overexpress transforming growth factor alpha 1. (1994)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a polypeptide closely associated with hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In order to investigate the mechanisms by which TGF-alpha contributes to hepatocyte replication and transformation, we isolated hepatocytes from mice bearing a human TGF-alpha transgene and examined their growth properties and gene expression in defined, serum-free culture. The transgenic hepatocytes continued to overexpress human TGF-alpha mRNA and peptide, and were able to proliferate without exogenous growth factors in primary culture, in contrast to nontransgenic mouse hepatocytes. In short-term culture the transgenic hepatocytes underwent 1 wave of DNA replication at 72-96 h in culture before senescing, similar to nontransgenic hepatocytes supplemented with epidermal growth factor. Constitutive expression of TGF-alpha rendered the transgenic hepatocytes unresponsive to further growth stimulation by exogenous TGF-alpha, as well as other mitogens such as epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor. However, it did not alter their sensitivity to growth inhibition by TGF beta 1, 2 and 3. The addition of nicotinamide to the culture medium enabled both transgenic and epidermal growth factor-supplemented normal hepatocytes to replicate repeatedly and survive for > or = 2 months in primary culture while maintaining differentiated traits. From these long-term primary cultures of transgenic and nontransgenic hepatocytes, we established immortalized cell lines (designated TAMH and NMH lines, respectively). Both lines continued to express differentiated adult hepatocytic markers such as albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, transferrin, and connexin 26 and 32 mRNAs, but also expressed mRNAs for the oncofetal markers alpha-fetoprotein and insulin-like growth factor II. Unlike the near-diploid NMH hepatocyte line, the transgenic TAMH hepatocyte line was quasi-tetraploid, strongly expressed human TGF-alpha mRNA, and was highly tumorigenic in nude mice. Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas developed in nude mice given injections of the TAMH line, and these appeared similar to the primary liver tumors seen in TGF-alpha transgenic mice with regard to histology and strong expression of mouse and human TGF-alpha, insulin-like growth factor II, and alpha-fetoprotein mRNAs. Our data show that TGF-alpha overexpression causes autonomous hepatocyte proliferation and contributes to neoplasia but that additional cellular alterations must occur for carcinogenesis. Inappropriate expression of insulin-like growth factor II may constitute one of these steps. The TGF-alpha transgenic mouse hepatocyte line TAMH appears to undergo transformation in a similar manner to that of hepatocytes overexpressing TGF-alpha in vivo, and should serve as an ideal system in which to study hepatocarcinogenesis.
Effects of Low-Dose Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid and Dietary Fat on the Incidence, Growth and Cell Kinetics of Mammary Carcinomas in Rats (1996)

This study investigated the effects of low-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the incidence, tumor growth and cell kinetics of a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in rats fed either a high-fat (20% corn oil) or low-fat (0.5% corn oil) diet. Low-dose EPA and DHA completely blocked the stimulatory effect of fat on tumorigenesis, as demonstrated by a decreased number of tumors per group and per tumor-bearing rat. While EPA and DHA inhibited cell kinetics as evidenced by a decreased bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index, their inhibitory effects on tumor size and tumor doubling time were not significant. These data suggest that low-dose EPA and DHA inhibit tumorigenesis rather than tumor growth in the high-fat group.
Deletion/Substitution/Addition Algorithm in Learning with Applications in Genomics (2004)

van der Laan and Dudoit (2003) provide a road map for estimation and performance assessment where a parameter of interest is defined as the risk minimizer for a suitable loss function and candidate estimators are generated using a loss function. After briefly reviewing this approach, this article proposes a general deletion/substitution/addition algorithm for minimizing, over subsets of variables (e.g., basis functions), the empirical risk of subset-specific estimators of the parameter of interest. This algorithm provides us with a new class of loss-based cross-validated algorithms in prediction of univariate outcomes, which can be extended to handle multivariate outcomes, conditional density and hazard estimation, and censored outcomes such as survival. In the context of regression, using polynomial basis functions, we study the properties of the deletion/substitution/addition algorithm in simulations and apply the method to detect transcription factor binding sites in yeast gene expression experiments.
Synthesis and properties of azole-containing ionenes (2011)

High-molecular-mass compounds (ionenes) containing charged imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole rings in the main chain are synthesized via the reaction of dihaloalkanes with bis(azoles) of various structures. It is shown that azole-containing ionenes can be involved in interpolymer reactions with negatively charged polyelectrolytes (polyacrylic acid and heparin) to form soluble and insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes of various compositions. The results confirm a potentially high antiheparin activity of azole-containing ionenes.
Scientific visualization: a performance study of CSMA/CD with connected data links-(Hybrid-Ethernet) (2003)

Scientific visualization is a method of computing which provides an insight into the visualized-simulated system. Recently, the simulation of different physical processes and systems has developed. Furthermore, the simulated system getting bigger and more sophisticated. Recently, the authors proposed a new hybrid architecture local area network (Hybrid-Meshnet). The Hybrid-Meshnet allows an insertion of data links into existing LANs. The authors simulate, investigate and visualize the operation and performance behaviour of Hybrid-Ethernet in comparison with conventional Ethernet. Through the event-driven simulation, a computer animation of the network operation is visualized. The simulator, in addition, generates the required data which is displayed as a 3D animated graph for performance investigation. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the Hybrid-Ethernet is improved with respect to the pure Ethernet. Moreover, the visualization technique is very efficient for seeing the unseen through simulation process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (sduv) on swine kidney (2011)

Shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) is used to quantify both tissue shear elasticity and shear viscosity by evaluating dispersion of shear wave propagation speed over a certain bandwidth (50 to 500 Hz). The motivation for developing elasticity imaging techniques is the desire to diagnose disease processes. However, it is important to study the mechanical properties of healthy tissues; such data can enhance clinical knowledge and improve understanding of the mechanical properties of tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using SDUV for in vitro measurements of renal cortex shear elasticity and shear viscosity in healthy swine kidneys. Eight excised kidneys from female pigs were used in these in vitro experiments and a battery of tests was performed to gain insight into the material proper ties of the renal cortex. In these 8 kidneys, the overall renal cortex elasticity and viscosity were 1.81 ± 0.17 kPa and 1.48 ± 0.49 Pa-s, respectively. In an analysis of the material properties over time after excision, there was not a statistically significant difference in shear elasticity over a 24-h period, but a statistically significant difference in shear viscosity was found. Homogeneity of the renal cortex was examined and it was found that shear elasticity and shear viscosity were statistically different within a kidney, suggesting global tissue inhomogeneity. In creases of more than 30% in shear elasticity and shear viscosity were observed after immersion in 10% formaldehyde. Finally, it was found that the renal cortex is rather anisotropic. Two values for shear elasticity and shear viscosity were measured depending on shear wave propagation direction. These various tests elucidated different aspects of the material properties and the structure of the ex vivo renal cortex.
Making mischief (2002)

Dear Editor, I have now seen the siren headline (MHP May, page 3) following my plenary paper to the RCN International Research Conference at the University of Exeter in April.
On using control signals for word-level identification in a gate-level netlist (2015)

This work tackles the problem of reverse engineering a gate-level netlist in order to identify groups of wires corresponding to words. It serves as the major step to find high-level modules and analyze their correct functionality in the presence of Hardware Trojans. Our core idea is to find and utilize control signals to more effectively identify words. Specifically, modern designs provide ample opportunities because they contain numerous control signals which are automatically inserted by the CAD tools. But finding control signals is itself an unresolved challenge. We propose a procedure to identify words which at its core finds and utilizes a small subset of relevant control signals by exploiting partial structural similarity. In our experiments, we show the effectiveness of our procedure by showing a high number of identified words with high accuracy using many benchmarks with already-identified words as the reference case.
Dissolution and Degradation of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> δ-Endotoxin by Gut Juice Protease of the Silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> (1983)

The dissolution and degradation of dagger-endotoxin (crystal) of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 were investigated. Crystals were dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate-carbonate-NaOH buffer at pH > 12. Swelling of crystals occurred in the buffer between pH 10 and 11, and crystals dissolved in the same buffer supplemented with gut juice protease of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The proteolytic dissolution of crystals occurred after a time lag of several minutes in 0.1 M carbonate-NaOH buffer, pH 10.2. The time lag was not observed when crystals were suspended in the buffer for 30 min before the addition of protease. After the dissolution of the crystals and further degradation of the solubilized protein, the appearance of a toxic protein with a molecular weight of 59,000, designated P-59, was observed. Lower-molecular-weight peptides (less than 40,000) showed no toxicity to the silkworm larvae on feeding. Digestion of the 120,000-dalton subunit of the crystal by gut juice protease also produced P-59. These observations suggest the occurrence of a similar process in vivo, i.e., the swelling of crystals due to the alkalinity of gut juice and the production of P-59, dependent on the hydrolysis of swollen crystals by gut juice protease.
Role of Kupffer cells in developing streptococcal cell wall granulomas. Streptococcal cell wall induction of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. (1992)

Hepatic granulomas are induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptococcal cell walls (SCW) into Lewis rats. Kupffer cells rapidly clear SCW from the blood, and the authors examined Kupffer cells further for a role in SCW-hepatic inflammation. Isolated Kupffer cells cultured with SCW secreted high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SCW transiently induced increased steady-state levels of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha mRNA; in contrast, constitutive expression of TGF beta 1 mRNA in Kupffer cells was not affected by SCW. Low concentrations of SCW induced the accumulation of intracellular IL-1 and TGF beta bioactivity, with intracellular IL-1 bioactivity remaining high through at least 72 hours of culture. Kupffer cells isolated 1, 7, and 21 days after SCW injection did not express IL-1 beta or TNF alpha mRNA greater than control levels and exhibited marked hyporesponsiveness to secondary in vitro stimulation with SCW or LPS. SCW transiently induces Kupffer cells to secrete a variety of soluble mediators that contribute to hepatic inflammation by inducing leukocyte recruitment and activation and fibroproliferation. The transient nature of the Kupffer cell response and the hyporesponsiveness to secondary stimulation may be a mechanism by which the hepatic inflammation is negatively regulated.
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SECTION OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (1930)

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Generating multimedia presentations automatically using TYRO, the constraint, case-based designer's apprentice (2002)

TYRO is a visual programming environment that uses a case-based reasoning approach to capturing and reusing knowledge about the design of multimedia presentations. In TYRO, the designer constructs a case library by demonstrating solutions to prototypical multimedia problems and defining constraining relations between object sequences. Adaptation and augmentation of the case library takes place as trial presentations reveal failure conditions. The designer constructs rule objects which are combinations of condition objects and action objects. Condition objects trigger when the failure condition is detected and action objects fire and revise the constraint network, or revise the sequence of objects. The resulting cases generated are stored and indexed for future use by the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic Field Screening and Mirroring in Graphene (2009)

The orbital magnetism in spatially varying magnetic fields is studied in monolayer graphene within the effective-mass approximation. We find that, unlike the conventional two-dimensional electron system, graphene with a small Fermi wave number kF works as a magnetic shield where the field produced by a magnetic object placed above graphene is always screened by a constant factor on the other side of graphene. The object is repelled by a diamagnetic force from the graphene, as if there exists its mirror image with a reduced amplitude on the other side of graphene. The magnitude of the force is much greater than that of the conventional two-dimensional system. The effect disappears with the increase of kF.
CHIRAL CATALYSIS AT SURFACES (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHIRAL CATALYSIS AT SURFACESResearchers probe promising heterogeneous catalysts with potential for industrial applicationsMITCH JACOBYView Author Information C&EN CHICAGOCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 11, 37–41Publication Date (Print):March 15, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 15 March 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n011.p037Copyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Physical and chemical processes Get e-Alerts
The Research Progress of the Fuctional Cure of AIDS (2015)

The Research Progress of the Fuctional Cure of AIDS
Atomic Layer Deposition of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> Thin Films Using Tetrakis(ethylamino)silane and Ozone (2012)

We examined the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of silicon dioxide thin films on a silicon wafer by alternating exposures to tetrakis(ethylamino)silane [Si(NHC2H5)4] and O3. The growth kinetics of silicon oxide films was examined at substrate temperatures ranging from 325 to 514 degrees C. The deposition was governed by a self-limiting surface reaction, and the growth rate at 478 degrees C was saturated at 0.17 nm/cycle for Si(NHC2H5)4 exposures of 2 x 10(6) L (1 L = 10(-6) Torr x s). The films deposited at 365-404 degrees C exhibited a higher deposition rate of 0.20-0.21 nm/cycle. However, they contained impurities, such as carbon and nitrogen, and showed poor film qualities. The concentration of impurities decreased with increasing substrate temperature. It was found that the films deposited in the high-temperature regime (478-514 degrees C) showed excellent physical and electrical properties equivalent to those of LPCVD films.
Compression of stereo images using subsampling and transform coding (1991)

The proposed approach to stereo image coding takes advantage of the singleness of vision property of the human visual system. A stereo image pair, in which one of the images is low-pass filtered and subsampled, is perceived stereoscopically as a sharp 3-D image. The depth information is perceived due to the stereopsis effect, and the sharpness is maintained due to the details in the nonfiltered image. Low-pass filtering, subsampling, and discrete cosine transform image coding are used for the compression of the stereo images. A methodology for the evaluation of the compression effects on the 3-D perception of compressed stereo images is presented. It is based on measurements of response time and accuracy of human subjects performing simple 3-D perception tasks.
Biochar as a Soil Amendment: A Review of the Environmental Implications (2008)

The term 'biochar' refers to black carbon formed by the pyrolysis of biomass i.e. by heating biomass in an oxygen-free or low oxygen environment such that it does not (or only partially) combusts. Traditional charcoal is one example of biochar produced from wood. The term 'biochar' is much broader than this however, encompassing black carbon produced from any biomass feedstock. The use of biochar as a soil additive has been proposed as a means to simultaneously mitigate anthropogenic climate change whilst improving agricultural soil fertility. This paper provides a review of what is known about both of these claims and also about the wider environmental implications of the adoption of this process. The intention of this review is not just to summarise current knowledge of the subject, but also to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research.
Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics as Next-Generation Photodynamic Antimicrobial Materials (2019)

The adoption of self-sterilizing materials to reduce infection transmission in hospitals and related healthcare facilities has been hampered by the availability of scalable, cost-effective, and potent antimicrobial textiles. Here, we investigated whether photodynamic materials comprising photosensitizer-embedded wool/acrylic blends were able to mediate the photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A small library of wool/acrylic (W/A) blended fabrics was constructed wherein the wool fibers were embedded with rose Bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer and the acrylic fibers were dyed with a traditional cationic yellow X-8GL dye, thereby enabling a broader color palette than was achievable with a single photosensitizer. The resultant photodynamic materials were characterized by physical (SEM, DSC, TGA, tensile strength), spectroscopic (fluorescence), colorimetric (<i>K/S</i> and <i>CIELab</i> values), and color fastness (against rubbing, washing) studies, and their photooxidation of the model substrate potassium iodide demonstrated the ability of these materials to generate microbicidal reactive oxygen species (i.e., singlet oxygen) upon illumination. Our best results yielded the photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive <i>S. aureus</i> (99.98%) and <i>B. subtilis</i> (99.993%) by ∼4 log units upon illumination with visible light (60 min; 65 ± 5 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>; λ ≥ 420 nm), although more modest activity was observed against Gram-negative <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i> (1-2 log units pathogen reduction). While there were no statistically significant differences for dual-dyed materials that were produced through either sequential or simultaneous dyeing steps, it was noted that high loadings of the cationic yellow X-8GL dye did inhibit the antimicrobial activity of the RB photosensitizer, with the dual-dyed materials able to mediate a 2.9 log unit reduction against <i>S. aureus</i> at a 1% o.w.f X-8GL loading. These findings indicate that the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of dual-dyed materials is independent of the dyeing process itself, yet exhibits limitations on the loading of the traditional dye with regards to the activity of the photosensitizer. Taken together, the results suggest the feasibility of photosensitizer-embedded blended fabrics produced through a one-step dyeing process as a low-cost and scalable method for creating effective self-disinfecting textiles for infection prevention, and whose inclusion of a second traditional dye for color variation will further benefit their adoption from a commercial standpoint.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for detection of parasites in drinking water (2009)

We present here a new, label-free, real time and noninvasive method to detect parasites infecting water and quantify their concentration by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (E.I.S.). As far as we know, it is the first time parasites are directly detected by E.I.S‥ This work comes within the scope of world water crisis whose one of main obstacles is parasite infection. As a model for waterborne parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum is studied. Sensors consist in interdigitated microelectrodes. It is shown that parasite detection requires low conductive buffer. Impedance spectrums from parasites suspended with various concentrations in purified water are fitted with an electric circuit to extract sample conductance. Sample conductance increases linearly with parasite concentration. This relation shows E.I.S. enables to know parasite concentration and can be used in water treatment process. A new method to achieve total diagnosis by identifying dead and living parasites is also presented.