gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and expression of platelet-activating factor receptor from human leukocytes. (1991)

The cDNA for a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor was cloned from a human leukocyte cDNA library using a 0.8-kilobase pair fragment of the guinea pig lung PAF receptor cDNA (Honda, Z., Nakamura, M., Miki, I., Minami, M., Watanabe, T., Seyama, Y., Okado, H., Toh, H., Ito, K., Miyamoto, T., and Shimizu, T. (1991) Nature 349, 342-346). The cDNA (1.8-kilobase pairs) had an open reading frame encoding 342 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr of 39,203. The clone was shown to code for a PAF receptor based on the following criteria: 1) the amino acid sequence possesses seven putative membrane spanning domains with 83% identity to the guinea pig lung PAF receptor, 2) Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with the transcript of the clone showed an electrophysiological response to PAF, and 3) COS-7 cells expressing the encoded receptor showed ligand binding with the pharmacological properties of the PAF receptor. Activation of the PAF receptor yielded inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in both COS-7 cells and oocytes, and guanosine 5'-O-(2-thio)bisphosphate injection into the oocytes inhibited PAF-induced Cl- current, providing an evidence that PAF stimulates phosphoinositide turnover via G-protein(s). PAF receptor mRNA was abundant in leukocytes and less so in an undifferentiated human eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1 cells) or human erythroleukemia cells (HEL cells). The production of the mRNA was prominently increased when EoL-1 cells were treated with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin-5, and n-butyrate.
Serum antioxidant activity in diabetes mellitus. (1988)

Free radical medicated oxidative damage has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Caeruloplasmin and transferrin act as antioxidants in serum by oxidizing and chelating ferrous iron which could otherwise act as a catalyst in free radical reactions. We have measured the serum anti-oxidant activity in 67 diabetics, 25 of whom had retinopathy and in 37 controls. Serum iron concentrations were normal in diabetics in comparison with controls (21.5 +/- 10 v 19.5 +/- 6.7 mumol/L) although transferrin and iron binding capacity were increased in the diabetics (3.7 +/- 0.8 v 2.9 +/- 0.9 g/L, p less than 0.001 and 69.9 +/- 10.8 v 59.0 +/- 14 mumol/L, p less than 0.002 respectively). Caeruloplasmin, measured by its ferroxidase activity, was increased in both male (46 +/- 11 v 36 +/- 9 mu/mL, p less than 0.002) and female diabetics (57 +/- 13 v 47 +/- 11 mu/mL, p less than 0.002). Ferritin was also increased in both male (124 +/- 113 v 44 +/- 38 ng/mL, p less than 0.001) and female diabetics (132 +/- 118 v 25 +/- 12 ng/mL, p less than 0.001). The presence of retinopathy, the degree of glycaemic control and duration of diabetes had no effect on these findings. We conclude that increased concentrations of iron-oxidizing and iron-binding proteins occur in diabetic serum, and that the increased serum antioxidant activity may be a response to oxidative stress.
SEOF: an adaptable object prefetch policy for object-oriented database systems (2002)

The performance of object access can be drastically improved by an efficient object prefetch policy. In this paper, we present a new prefetch policy, called Selective Eager Object Fetch (SEOF), which prefetches objects only from selected candidate pages without using any high-level object semantics. Our policy considers both the correlations and the frequencies of fetching objects. Unlike existing prefetch policies, this policy utilizes the memory and the swap space of clients efficiently without resource exhaustion. Furthermore, the proposed policy has good adaptability to both the effectiveness of clustering and the database size. We show the performance of the proposed policy through experiments over various multi-client system configurations.
KIF20A-Mediated RNA Granule Transport System Promotes the Invasiveness of Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2014)

Pancreatic cancers are aggressive because they are highly invasive and highly metastatic; moreover, effective treatments for aggressive pancreatic cancers are lacking. Here, we report that the motor kinesin protein KIF20A promoted the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through transporting the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 and IGF2BP3-bound transcripts toward cell protrusions along microtubules. We previously reported that IGF2BP3 and its target transcripts are assembled into cytoplasmic stress granules of pancreatic cancer cells, and that IGF2BP3 promotes the motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through regulation of localized translation of IGF2BP3-bound transcripts in cell protrusions. We show that knockdown of KIF20A inhibited accumulation of IGF2BP3-containing stress granules in cell protrusions and suppressed local protein expression from specific IGF2BP3-bound transcripts, ARF6 and ARHGEF4, in the protrusions. Our results provide insight into the link between regulation of KIF20A-mediated trafficking of IGF2BP3-containing stress granules and modulation of the motility and invasiveness in pancreatic cancers.
Calcium- and Calmodulin-Regulated Breakdown of Phospholipid by Microsomal Membranes from Bean Cotyledons (1987)

Evidence for the involvement of Ca(2+) and calmodulin in the regulation of phospholipid breakdown by microsomal membranes from bean cotyledons has been obtained by following the formation of radiolabeled degradation products from [U-(14)C]phosphatidylcholine. Three membrane-associated enzymes were found to mediate the breakdown of [U-(14)C] phosphatidylcholine, viz. phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4), phosphatidic acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4), and lipolytic acyl hydrolase. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid phosphatase were both stimulated by physiological levels of free Ca(2+), whereas lipolytic acyl hydrolase proved to be insensitive to Ca(2+). Phospholipase D was unaffected by calmodulin, but the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase was additionally stimulated by nanomolar levels of calmodulin in the presence of 15 micromolar free Ca(2+). Calmidazolium, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibited phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity at IC(50) values ranging from 10 to 15 micromolar. Thus the Ca(2+)-induced stimulation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase appears to be mediated through calmodulin, whereas the effect of Ca(2+) on phospholipase D is independent of calmodulin. The role of Ca(2+) as a second messenger in the initiation of membrane lipid degradation is discussed.
Pirfenidone reduces fibronectin synthesis by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (1998)

We conclude that the anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone may be partly mediated through inhibition of TGF-beta1-induced fibronectin synthesis.
Activation of Transforming Growth Factor β in Chondrocytes Undergoing Endochondral Ossification (2001)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has well-documented roles in chondrocyte maturation and endochondral ossification, but the mechanisms of TGF-beta activation during these processes remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed TGF-beta activation in chick embryo resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic chondrocytes in culture. We found that both levels and activation of TGF-beta increased substantially with maturation. The majority of TGF-beta produced by resting cells over culture time remained latent, but a larger portion produced by proliferating and hypertrophic cells was activated with increasing maturation. Zymography of gelatin gels revealed that matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were expressed by each population and that MMP-13 characterized hypertrophic chondrocytes and to a lesser extent proliferating chondrocytes in late cultures. Treatment with pharmacologic agents revealed that both MMPs and serine proteases are involved in activation. However, because inhibition of MMPs almost completely prevented TGF-beta activation, MMPs appear crucial for activation. During culture, inclusion of the tetracycline-derived, collagenase/gelatinase inhibitor chemically modified nonantimicrobial tetracycline (CMT-8) at concentrations specific for MMP-13 inhibition resulted in complete inhibition of TGF-beta activation by proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes. These results show that TGF-beta production, release, and activation are regulated developmentally in chondrocytes. Our findings point to a strict mode of regulation of this potent factor to elicit diverse and highly specific effects during chondrocyte maturation and ossification.
Comparative analysis of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) versus a prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐like gene (2003)

The non-prostatic expression of PSMA should be taken into consideration when designing clinical strategies targeting PSMA.
Intelligent Agents and the World Wide Web (2002)

We are fortunate to be experiencing an explosive growth and advancement in the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). In 1999, the global online population was estimated to be 250 million WWW users worldwide, while the “/images/spacer_white.gif”number of pages on the Web was estimated at 800 million (http://www.internetindicators.com/facts.html). The bright side of this kind of growth is that information is available to almost anyone with access to a computer and a phone line. However, the dark side of this explosion is that we are now squarely in the midst of the “Age of Information Overload”!!! The staggering amount of information has made it extremely difficult for users to locate and retrieve information that is actually relevant to their task at hand. Given the bewildering array of resources being generated and posted on the WWW, the task of finding exactly what a user wants is rather daunting. Although many search engines currently exist to assist in information retrieval, much of the burden of searching is on the end-user. A typical search results in millions of hit, many of which are outdated, irrelevant, or duplicated. One promising approach to managing the information overload problem is to use “intelligent agents” for search and retrieval. This editorial explores the current status of intelligent agents and points out some challenges in the development of intelligent agents based systems.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of the Antiviral Acyclonucleoside 9‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐hydroxymethylbut‐1‐yl)guanine. (1986)

Abstract Ethan‐tricarbonsäureester (I) liefert das Triol (II), dessen Acetonid (IIIa) selektiv entsteht.
Flavonol Synthase Activity and the Regulation of Flavonol and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Flower Development in Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Carnation) (1992)

Flavonol synthase (FLS) was demonstrated in crude extracts from flower buds of Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation). The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of dihydrokaempferol and ihydroquercetin to kaempferol and quercetin, respectively. The reaction required 2-oxoglutarate, ferrous ion and ascorbate as co-factors and had a pH optimum at about 7.4. The demonstration of FLS activity allowed comparative studies on flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis during bud and flower development. Besides FLS the flavonoid enzymes chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FH T) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) were measured. DFR is specifically involved in anthocyanin synthesis, while CHS and FHT provide dihydroflavonol, the common substrate for both FLS and DFR . Maximum expression of CHS, FHT and FLS activity was already observed in small buds, whereas DFR activity started to increase much later and reached its highest level in opened flowers. A substantial correlation was observed between the time courses of FLS and DFR activity and the accumulation of flavonols and anthocyanins, respectively. The competition of FLS and DFR for dihydroflavonols was found to be largely circumvented by different substrate specificities and by the sequential expression of the two enzymes. Both flavonols and anthocyanins are obviously not, or only to some extent, subject to degradation.
Wave: A tutorial (2009)

Intelligent transportation systems have been under development since at least the early 1990s. The rationale behind the concept is to automate the interactions among vehicles and infrastructure to achieve high levels of security, comfort, and efficiency. Communications, in general, and networking, in particular, have been essential elements in the evolution of these systems. The IEEE has developed a system architecture known as WAVE to provide wireless access in vehicular environments. This article gives an overview of the associated standards. The presentation loosely follows the order of the layers of the open systems interconnection model.
4,5-dihydroisoxazoles from arylcyclopropanes: II. Reaction of arylcyclopropanes with nitrosyl chloride activated by sulfur(VI) oxide (2007)

Arylcyclopropanes react with nitrosyl chloride activated by sulfur(VI) oxide to give the corresponding 5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazoles in quantitative yields. The complex NOC1·2SO3 is a highly efficient nitrosating agent which makes it possible to involve in the process arylcyclopropanes having both donor and acceptor substituents in the aromatic ring.
1 and -O--3-O--myo-: Complementary versatile new starting materials for syntheses in the -myo- series (1996)

The preparation and proof of absolute configuration as 1d- and 1l- respectively are presented for (−)- and (+)-1,2:4,5-di-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-allyl-myo-inositol, two versatile complementary materials equally suitable for syntheses in the 1d-myo-inositol series.
Predicting task-specific webpages for revisiting (2006)

With the increased use of the web has come a corresponding increase in information overload that users face when trying to locate specific webpages, especially as a majority of visits to webpages are revisits. While automatically created browsing history lists offer a potential low-cost solution to re-locating webpages, even short browsing sessions generate a glut of webpages that do not relate to the user&apos;s information need or have no revisit value. We address how we can better support web users who want to return to information on a webpage that they have previously visited by building more useful history lists. The paper reports on a combination technique that semi-automatically segments the webpage browsing history list into tasks, applies heuristics to remove webpages that carry no intrinsic revisit value, and uses a learning model, sensitive to individual users and tasks, that predicts which webpages are likely to be revisited again. We present results from an empirical evaluation that report the likely revisit need of users and that show that adequate overall prediction accuracy can be achieved. This approach can be used to increase utility of history lists by removing information overload to users when revisiting webpages.
A recommendation system for software function discovery (2003)

Since some application software provides users with too many functions, it is often difficult to find those that are useful. This paper proposes a recommendation system based on a collaborative filtering approach to let users discover useful functions at low cost for the purpose of improving productivity when using application software. The proposed system automatically collects histories of software function execution (usage histories) from many users through the Internet. Based on the collaborative filtering approach, collected histories are used for recommending a set of candidate functions that may be useful to the individual user. This paper illustrates conventional filtering algorithms and proposes a new algorithm suitable for recommendation of software functions. The result of an experiment with a prototype recommendation system showed that the average ndpm of our algorithm was smaller than that of conventional algorithms, and it also showed that the standard deviation of ndpm of our algorithm was smaller than that of conventional algorithms. Furthermore, while every conventional algorithm had a case whose recommendation was worse than the random algorithm, our algorithm did not.
Mucosal Immune Responses and Protection against Tetanus Toxin after Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (2001)

The use of live microorganisms as an antigen delivery system is an effective means to elicit local immune responses and thus represents a promising strategy for mucosal vaccination. In this respect, lactic acid bacteria represent an original and attractive approach, as they are safe organisms that are used as food starters and probiotics. To determine whether an immune response could be elicited by intranasal delivery of recombinant lactobacilli, a Lactobacillus plantarum strain of human origin (NCIMB8826) was selected as the expression host. Cytoplasmic production of the 47-kDa fragment C of tetanus toxin (TTFC) was achieved at different levels depending on the plasmid construct. All recombinant strains proved to be immunogenic by the intranasal route in mice and able to elicit very high systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a) responses which correlated to the antigen dose. No significant differences in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG titers were observed when mice were immunized with live or mitomycin C-treated recombinant lactobacilli. Nevertheless, protection against the lethal effect of tetanus toxin was obtained only with the strains producing the highest dose of antigen and was greater following immunization with live bacteria. Significant TTFC-specific mucosal IgA responses were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and antigen-specific T-cell responses were detected in cervical lymph nodes, both responses being higher in mice receiving a double dose of bacteria (at a 24-h interval) at each administration. These results demonstrate that recombinant lactobacilli can induce specific humoral (protective) and mucosal antibodies and cellular immune response against protective antigens upon nasal administration.
Mitotic role for the Cdc28 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

The Cdc28 protein kinase functions in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This is in contrast with observations of the homologous protein kinase from a variety of metazoans, where activity and function are associated with the G2 to M phase transition. We present evidence that the Cdc28 protein kinase is also required for mitosis and that this function is executed in the G2 interval of the cell cycle. We show, in addition, that the protein kinase is highly active during this phase of the cell cycle. The dual role of the Cdc28 protein kinase in the S. cerevisiae cell cycle thus parallels that demonstrated for the cdc2 protein kinase of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
The Reaggregation of Dissociated Embryonic Sea Urchin Cells (1975)

Studies carried out on reaggregating sea urchin embryonic cells reveal that reaggregating cells can give rise to normal pluteus larvae by three developmental pathways: (i) from clusters, (ii) from chains of beads, and (iii) from a tissue culture phase. Experiments carried out on a mixture of cells from two different species, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus pictus, demonstrate that reaggregation is species specific and that the sorting out of cells according to species occurs. Movement of cells within an aggregate is non-random and unidirectional. Electron microscope analysis of mixed aggregates of cells of the two species indicates that cells of the same species make initial contact and adhere to one another by means of numerous microvilli and with the formation of an intercellular hyaline-like material. Cells of the two different species adhere, but never by means of microvilli and no hyaline-like material can be detected on the cell surfaces. The results indicate a role in reaggregation of an intercellular material, possibly an intercellular cement.
Roles of DegP in Prevention of Protein Misfolding in the Periplasm upon Overexpression of Penicillin Acylase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Enhancement of the production of soluble recombinant penicillin acylase in Escherichia coli via coexpression of a periplasmic protease/chaperone, DegP, was demonstrated. Coexpression of DegP resulted in a shift of in vivo penicillin acylase (PAC) synthesis flux from the nonproductive pathway to the productive one when pac was overexpressed. The number of inclusion bodies, which consist primarily of protein aggregates of PAC precursors in the periplasm, was highly reduced, and the specific PAC activity was highly increased. DegP was a heat shock protein induced in response to pac overexpression, suggesting that the protein could possibly suppress the physiological toxicity caused by pac overexpression. Coexpression of DegP(S210A), a DegP mutant without protease activity but retaining chaperone activity, could not suppress the physiological toxicity, suggesting that DegP protease activity was primarily responsible for the suppression, possibly by degradation of abnormal proteins when pac was overexpressed. However, a shortage of periplasmic protease activity was not the only reason for the deterioration in culture performance upon pac overexpression because coexpression of a DegP-homologous periplasmic protease, DegQ or DegS, could not suppress the physiological toxicity. The chaperone activity of DegP is proposed to be another possible factor contributing to the suppression.
Cipher Printing Telegraph Systems For Secret Wire and Radio Telegraphic Communications (1926)

This paper describes a printing telegraph cipher system devetoped during the World War for the use of the Signal Corps, U. S. Army. This system is so designed that the messages are in secret form from the time they leave the sender until they are deciphered automatically at the office of the addressee. If copied while en route, the messages cannot be deciphered by an enemy, even though he has full knowledge of the methods and apparatus used. The operation of the equipment is described, as well as the method of using it for sending messages by wire, mail or radio. The paper also discusses the practical impossibility of preventing the copying of messages, as by wire tapping, and thte relative advantages of various codes and ciphers as regards speed, accutracy and the secrecy of their messages.
Interleukin-3, interleukin-8, FMLP and C5a enhance the release of leukotrienes from neutrophils of patients with atopic dermatitis. (1991)

The influence of the receptor-specific stimuli interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-8 (IL-8), C5a and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on the generation of arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators from neutrophils (PMN) has been studied in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as in healthy, non-atopic volunteers. The release of leukotriene (LT)B4, the omega-oxidation products 20-COOH- and 20-OH-LTB4 and the cysteinyleukotriene LTC4 were measured by reverse-phase HPLC and radioimmunoassay. The incubation of neutrophils with these stimuli led to a significantly higher release of LTB4 and LTC4 in the AD group. The spontaneous leukotriene generation of PMN from patients with AD was on average threefold higher compared to the control group. C5a stimulated the release of LTB4 and its metabolites from atopic cells up to 9 ng in contrast to low amounts from non-atopic cells. Furthermore, FMLP distinctly enhanced the leukotriene release of neutrophils from patients with AD compared to unstimulated cells and to cells of normal donors. IL-3 and IL-8 also significantly stimulated the generation of LTB4 and LTC4 of PMN from atopic patients. Our data emphasize that neutrophils may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD by an increased responsiveness to receptor-specific stimuli and further suggest that IL-3 and IL-8 influence the acute and chronic inflammatory reactions in patients with AD.