gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paraneoplastic Thrombocytosis in Ovarian Cancer (2012)

These findings support the existence of a paracrine circuit wherein increased production of thrombopoietic cytokines in tumor and host tissue leads to paraneoplastic thrombocytosis, which fuels tumor growth. We speculate that countering paraneoplastic thrombocytosis either directly or indirectly by targeting these cytokines may have therapeutic potential. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others.).
Color space compatible coding framework for YUV422 video coding (2004)

A new video coding framework for YUV422 video sources is proposed in this paper. It features color space compatibility to the more popular YUV420 syntax. Specifically, the chrominance components are separately into two parts and coded differently. The first part, together with the luminance component, conforms to the YUV420 layout and is coded the same way as a normal YUV420 video to produce a YUV420-compatible base bit stream. The second part, i.e., the remaining chrominance components, is coded to generate an enhancement chrominance bitstream for improving the chrominance quality. This is in sharp contrast to the YUV422 coding method of MPEG-2/4 standards where all the chrominance are coded together and in the same way. Consequently, the resulting YUV422 bitstream can be easily converted to a YUV420 bitstream by simple truncation instead of undergoing an expensive transcoding process. New coding modes are also introduced for more efficient coding of the enhancing chrominance components. Performance-wise, the new framework also outperforms existing methods thanks to the new coding modes introduced.
Comparative in vivo efficiencies of hand-washing agents against hepatitis A virus (HM-175) and poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) (1993)

The abilities of 10 hygienic hand-washing agents and tap water (containing approximately 0.5 ppm of free chlorine) to eliminate strain HM-175 of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and poliovirus (PV) type 1 (Sabin) were compared by using finger pad and whole-hand protocols with three adult volunteers. A mixture of the two viruses was prepared in a 10% suspension of feces, and 10 microliters of the mixture was placed on each finger pad. The inoculum was allowed to dry for 20 min, and the contaminated area was exposed to a hand-washing agent for 10 s, rinsed in tap water, and dried with a paper towel. In the whole-hand protocol, the hands were contaminated with 0.5 ml of the virus mixture, exposed for 10 s to a hand-washing agent, washed, and dried as described above. Tryptose phosphate broth was used to elute any virus remaining on the finger pads or hands. One part of the eluate was assayed directly for PV with FRhK-4 cells, while the other part was first treated with a PV-neutralizing serum and then assayed for HAV with the same cell line. The results are reported as mean percentages of reduction in PFU compared with the amount of infectious virus detectable after initial drying.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Influences the Diacylglycerol Homeostasis Required for Sec14p-dependent Golgi Function and Cell Growth (2001)

Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the most abundant phospholipids in eukaryotic cells and thus have major roles in the formation and maintenance of vesicular membranes. In yeast, diacylglycerol accepts a phosphocholine moiety through a CPT1-derived cholinephosphotransferase activity to directly synthesize phosphatidylcholine. EPT1-derived activity can transfer either phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine to diacylglcyerol in vitro, but is currently believed to primarily synthesize phosphatidylethanolamine in vivo. In this study we report that CPT1- and EPT1-derived cholinephosphotransferase activities can significantly overlap in vivo such that EPT1 can contribute to 60% of net phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the Kennedy pathway. Alterations in the level of diacylglycerol consumption through alterations in phosphatidylcholine synthesis directly correlated with the level of SEC14-dependent invertase secretion and affected cell viability. Administration of synthetic di8:0 diacylglycerol resulted in a partial rescue of cells from SEC14-mediated cell death. The addition of di8:0 diacylglycerol increased di8:0 diacylglycerol levels 20-40-fold over endogenous long-chain diacylglycerol levels. Di8:0 diacylglcyerol did not alter endogenous phospholipid metabolic pathways, nor was it converted to di8:0 phosphatidic acid.
Biodistribution and Antitumor Activity Induced by Carboxymethylcellulose Conjugates (2005)

New polymers with antitumor activity were synthesized by conjugating ethyl p-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) and N-hydroxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (Didox) onto carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and oxidized CMC. The biological tests ( in vitro and in vivo) for these CMC derivatives exhibited prolonged half-life in serum, accumulation in the solid tumors, and inhibition of the tumor growth. The latter effect was attributed to the permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
Intelligent database caching through the use of page-answers and page-traces (1992)

In this paper a new method to improve the utilization of main memory systems is presented. The new method is based on prestoring in main memory a number of query answers, each evaluated out of a single memory page. To this end, the ideas of page-answers and page-traces are formally described and their properties analyzed. The query model used here allows for selection, projection, join, recursive queries as well as arbitrary combinations. We also show how to apply the approach under update traffic. This concept is especially useful in managing the main memories of an important class of applications. This class includes the evaluation of triggers and alerters, performance improvement of rule-based systems, integrity constraint checking, and materialized views. These applications are characterized by the existence at compile time of a predetermined set of queries, by a slow but persistent update traffic, and by their need to repetitively reevaluate the query set. The new approach represents a new type of intelligent database caching, which contrasts with traditional caching primarily in that the cache elements are derived data and as a consequence, they overlap arbitrarily and do not have a fixed length. The contents of the main memory cache are selected based on the data distribution within the database, the set of fixed queries to preprocess, and the paging characteristics. Page-answers and page-traces are used as the smallest indivisible units in the cache. An efficient heuristic to select a near optimal set of page-answers and page-traces to populate the main memory has been developed, implemented, and tested. Finally, quantitative measurements of performance benefits are reported.
The human blue opsin promoter directs transgene expression in short-wave cones and bipolar cells in the mouse retina. (1994)

Transgenic mouse lines were generated using either 3.8 or 1.1 kb of 5' upstream flanking sequence from the human blue opsin gene fused to the lacZ or human growth hormone reporter gene. Mice were analyzed for appropriate cell-specific and developmental expression patterns. In 13 independently derived lines of animals, transgene expression was limited to photoreceptor and inner nuclear layer cells. Photoreceptors were identified as cone cells based on morphological criteria and colocalization of transgene expression with the cone-associated marker, peanut agglutinin lectin. More specifically, transgene-positive photoreceptors were identified as short-wave cone cells (S-cones) by using the short-wave color opsin-specific antibody, OS-2. Reporter-gene-positive cells of the inner nuclear layer were identified as bipolar cells based on morphological criteria. Transgenes and the endogenous mouse short-wave opsin gene were transcriptionally coactivated at embryonic day 13. These results show that 3.8 or 1.1 kb of human blue opsin upstream flanking sequences are capable of directing expression in short-wave cone cells in a spatially and temporally appropriate fashion and that the human blue opsin gene is the homologue of the short-wave-sensitive pigment, S-opsin, in the short-wave cones of the mouse retina. Expression in the bipolar cells may reflect regulatory mechanisms that are common to these cells and to the cone photoreceptors.
The <i>Pvu</i>II DNA (Cytosine-<i>N4</i>)-methyltransferase Comprises Two Trypsin-Defined Domains, Each of Which Binds a Molecule of <i>S</i>-Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-methionine (1997)

Earlier studies have shown that PvuII methyltransferase is monomeric and transfers a methyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to cytosine, generating N4-methylcytosine in duplex 5'-CAGCTG-3' DNA. This study examines the interactions between PvuII methyltransferase and AdoMet. Trypsin preferentially cleaved the protein into two large fragments, with initial cleavages after Arg183 and Lys186. UV-mediated photochemical labeling with [3H-CH3]AdoMet, followed by trypsin digestion, revealed that both large fragments of the protein were labeled. Rapid gel filtration confirmed that each molecule of the intact enzyme bound two molecules of AdoMet (net Kd = 9.3 microM). When PvuII methyltransferase was preincubated with a range of [3H-CH3]AdoMet concentrations, bursts of product formation resulted upon DNA addition. These data indicate that PvuII methyltransferase is catalytically competent with one and with two bound molecules of AdoMet. These results, together with those from earlier studies, suggest possible roles for the second molecule of AdoMet.
Partisans and their Doubles (2016)

Abstract The defence of parties in the history of political thought has tended to be premised on a contrast with factions, those unwelcome doubles that corrupt rather than serve the public good. Yet such a distinction has long been resisted. For centuries, party and faction were assimilated: political divisions of all kinds were despised for undermining the unity of the political community. The chapter examines what is at stake in the distinction between party and faction, revisiting some salient critiques of the partisan idea and acknowledging the force of the concerns that inform them. It is suggested that the distinction between factions and parties remains crucial for the purpose of critical evaluation, even if not taxonomy. The same political grouping may display features of both, depending on its political choices and its institutional context.
Improved quality GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy using In as a surfactant (1998)

The surfactant effect of In during the growth of GaN by molecular beam epitaxy has been investigated. It has been found that the presence of In modifies the diffusion kinetics in the growing GaN surface, leading to the observation of persistent reflection high energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations, characteristic of layer-by-layer growth. Electron microscopy studies revealed drastic modifications of the GaN structural properties associated with the presence of In during the growth. When grown in the presence of In, GaN exhibits an intense band edge luminescence, free of the component at 3.41 eV which is characteristic of defects associated with growth in N-rich conditions.
The performance analysis of QoS provisioning method with buffering and CAC in the multimedia wireless Internet (2002)

In the wireless Internet, the average size of a cell for various multimedia services tends to get smaller, causing handoffs to occur more frequently. The Mobile IP, which is the standard of the wireless Internet, supports only global mobility. Therefore, for more efficient services in wireless networks, local mobility of the Mobile IP should be applied. Presented is a handoff algorithm with buffering to minimize the packet loss rate over handoff. The capacity of handoffs on the cellular IP is affected subject to the local mobility. A modified CAC (connection admission control) scheme is also proposed as ways and means to improve the QoS provisioning in wireless networks. We define some parameters of the virtual arrival rate such as MISSR (MInimum Service Support Rate) and MASSR (MAximum Service Support Rate) to prevent the dropping of QoS and performance degradation. In addition, packet transfer delay and wireless channel utilization are measured by simulation using COMNET III through the handoff algorithm with CAC and buffering schemes. The result also shows that the blocking probability of services over handoff has substantially decreased.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Variants Selectively Infect and Kill Human Melanomas but Not Normal Melanocytes (2013)

Metastatic malignant melanoma remains one of the most therapeutically challenging forms of cancer. Here we test replication-competent vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV) on 19 primary human melanoma samples and compare these infections with those of normal human melanocyte control cells. Even at a low viral concentration, we found a strong susceptibility to viral oncolysis in over 70% of melanomas. In contrast, melanocytes displayed strong resistance to virus infection and showed complete protection by interferon. Several recombinant VSVs were compared, and all infected and killed most melanomas with differences in the time course with increasing rates of melanoma infection, as follows: VSV-CT9-M51 < VSV-M51 < VSV-G/GFP < VSV-rp30. VSV-rp30 sequencing revealed 2 nonsynonymous mutations at codon positions P126 and L223, both of which appear to be required for the enhanced phenotype. VSV-rp30 showed effective targeting and infection of multiple subcutaneous and intracranial melanoma xenografts in SCID mice after tail vein virus application. Sequence analysis of mutations in the melanomas used revealed that BRAF but not NRAS gene mutation status was predictive for enhanced susceptibility to infection. In mouse melanoma models with specific induced gene mutations including mutations of the Braf, Pten, and Cdkn2a genes, viral infection correlated with the extent of malignant transformation. Similar to human melanocytes, mouse melanocytes resisted VSV-rp30 infection. This study confirms the general susceptibility of the majority of human melanoma types for VSV-mediated oncolysis.
The metabolic effects of sodium dichloroacetate in the starved rat (1974)

1. Sodium dichloroacetate (300mg/kg body wt. per h) was infused in 24h-starved rats for 4h. 2. Blood glucose decreased significantly, an effect that had previously only been noted in diabetic animals 3. Plasma insulin concentration decreased by 63%; blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations decreased by 50 and 33%, whereas concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate increased by 81 and 73% respectively. 4. Livers were freeze-clamped at the end of the 4h infusion. There were significant decreases in hepatic [glucose], [glucose 6-phosphate], [2-phosphoglycerate], the [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio, [citrate] and [malate], and also [alanine], [glutamate] and [glutamine], suggesting a diminished supply of gluconeogenic substrates. 5. Animals subjected to a functional hepatectomy at the end of 2h infusions showed no difference in blood-glucose disappearance but a highly significant decrease in the rate of accumulation of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and alanine, compared with control animals. Dichloroacetate decreased ketone-body clearance. 6. After functional hepatectomy an increase in glutamine accumulation appeared to compensate for the decrease in alanine accumulation. 7. It is concluded that dichloroacetate causes hypoglycaemia by decreasing the net release of gluconeogenic precursors from extrahepatic tissues while inhibiting peripheral ketone-body uptake. 8. These findings are consistent with the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) in rat muscle by dichloroacetate previously described by Whitehouse & Randle (1973).
Separation of Toluene-Insoluble Solids in the Slurry Oil from a Residual Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit: Determination of the Solid Content and Sequential Selective Separation of Solid Components (2014)

Removing solid impurities inside slurry oil from residual fluidized catalytic cracking (RFCC) is critical for efficient use of its aromatic hydrocarbons, and selective separation of the solid components is also an important issue of recycling valuable resources for catalyst and carbon material. Different separation methods were employed to isolate the solids and their components in the slurry oil from a RFCC unit, and the resultant solids and components were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, etc. Results show that the content of toluene-insoluble solids in the slurry oil varies from separation methods employed. The solid components, i.e., catalyst particles and coke powders, can be sequentially separated, and the choice of an appropriate separation method is critical for accurate determination of the solid content in a RFCC slurry oil. When an aliphatic solvent is used for dilution and, after filtering, an aromatic solvent is employed for extraction, the solids can be completely separated and the total content of toluene-insoluble solids is thus obtained. Also, selective separation of the two major components of the solid has also been established. When the slurry oil is digested with hot toluene, followed by filtration and extraction with hot toluene, catalyst particles can be separated at a selectivity of 71.0 wt %. Afterward, when the filtrate is digested with a substantially aliphatic solvent, followed by filtration and extraction with hot toluene, fine coke powders are separated at a selectivity of 96.9 wt %. This selective separation opens a possible way to recover catalyst and obtain fine coke powders as valuable resources from a single RFCC slurry oil. At the same time, the slurry oil may thus be highly clarified, which might find a variety of flexible applications. Finally, the mechanism for particle aggregation and clustering for the efficient separation of solids from heavy oils, such as slurry oil from a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC)/RFCC unit, has been postulated, where upon adding an aliphatic solvent, heavy asphaltenes precipitate to be adsorbed on the surfaces of fine particles and function as natural binders to aggregate and cluster the fine particles, rendering separation of nanosized coke fines possible.
[Advances in researches on epididymal WFDC-type serine protease inhibitors]. (2008)

Sperm maturation in the epididymis is regulated by changes of luminal ion concentration and processing of sperm surface membrane by several glycosidases and proteases, and the actions of the proteases are controlled by protease inhibitors present in specific areas of the epididymis. WFDC-type serine protease inhibitors that are highly expressed in the epididymis play an important role in natural immunity and male reproduction. This paper gives an overview of the structure and function of the protein and its application prospects in the development of drugs for male reproductive tract infection and immunocontraception.
Compact and highly efficient fiber amplifier modules pumped by a 0.98- mu m laser diode (1991)

Highly efficient and small-size erbium-doped fibers with a gain coefficient of 4.9 dB/mW and a strained quantum-well-type InGaAs laser diode with a lasing wavelength of 0.98 mu m as a pumped light source. As a result, the module 4*6*1.5 cm, realized a maximum net gain of 33 dB with an electricity consumption of only 175 mW, which corresponds to a drive current of 80 mA. The module consists of four individual components: a pumping laser diode submodule, a wavelength-division-multiplexing-type fiber coupler, a polarization-insensitive optical isolator, and an erbium-doped single-mode fiber coil.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anaerobic Infections (1974)

A BASIC fact of our tenuous coexistence with our environment is that "life on man" is predominantly anaerobic. The micro-organisms that reside on our skins populate our mouths and proliferate in the deeper recesses of our gastrointestinal tracts have an obligatory requirement to avoid atmospheric oxygen. Indeed, their necessity to live without oxygen is as great as their host's necessity to live with it.Since anaerobic bacteria are the major residents of our skins and mucous-membrane surfaces, it is reasonable to suspect that these organisms play a part in pathologic processes associated with disturbances of these sites. In the past, . . .
Contact and solvent-separated ion pairs of carbanions. V. The role of solvent structure in alkali ion solvation (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContact and solvent-separated ion pairs of carbanions. V. The role of solvent structure in alkali ion solvationL. L. Chan and J. SmidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 17, 4654–4661Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01019a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01019a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insecticide resistance in field populations of Asian citrus psyllid in Florida (2011)

The present results suggest that varying levels of insecticide susceptibility exist in ACP populations across the citrus-growing areas of Florida. Increased levels of detoxifying enzymes in these populations may partially explain these differences. The present results indicate that insecticide resistance may become an emerging problem for ACP control if effective resistance management is not practiced.
Long-term medical management of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate (2015)

NCT01629563.
Domain structure in yeast tRNA ligase (1990)

Yeast tRNA ligase is one of two proteins required for the splicing of precursor tRNA molecules containing introns. The 95-kDa tRNA ligase has been purified to homogeneity from a strain of Escherichia coli which overexpresses the protein. The ligation reaction requires three enzymatic activities: phosphodiesterase, polynucleotide kinase, and ligase. By partial proteolytic digestion, we have produced fragments of tRNA ligase which contain the constituent activities. These results provide evidence for a model in which the three constituent activities of ligase are located in three distinct domains separated by protease-sensitive regions. We have also located the active adenylylated site in the ligase domains. It is lysine-114. The tRNA ligase sequence in this region has limited homology to the active-site region of T4 RNA ligase.
CO<sub>2</sub>+ N<sub>2</sub>+ CO + H<sub>2</sub>O gas-dynamic laser (1975)

A carbon dioxide gas-dynamic laser was operated using CO2 + N2 + CO + H2O mixtures with high concentrations of carbon monoxide and with N2 replaced completely by CO. A three-mode model was used to calculate the vibrational relaxation and the gain in a mixture of gases flowing out of a Laval nozzle.