gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II–Induced Insulin Resistance and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (2004)

Although the importance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases in mitogenic signaling is well-accepted, recent studies also suggest that tyrosine dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an equally important role. For example, both angiotensin II (Ang II) and insulin are known to mediate protein tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. These apparently paradoxical effects of Ang II and insulin suggest that both convergent and divergent intracellular signaling cascades are stimulated downstream of their respective receptors, producing diverse cellular responses. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis that the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase), PTP-1B, plays a central role in Ang II-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting activation of the insulin receptor. We hypothesize that Ang II-induced PTP-1B activation leads to dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor and that this signaling pathway underlies the maladaptive responses observed in diabetic vascular and renal tissue during type II diabetes.
Simplified correlation decoding by selecting possible codewords using erasure information (Corresp.) (1983)

Correlation decoding is an optimal scheme of soft-decision decoding for error-correcting codes in the sense of minimum block-error probability. However, it is very difficult to apply the scheme when the number of information digits is large because of decoding complexity. A new algorithm for soft-decision decoding is presented, simplifying the correlation scheme by selecting certain codewords and decreasing decoding complexity by using erasure information. Any desired block-error probability between the error Probabilities of correlation and hard-decision decoding can be realized by setting up a suitable threshold value 0 for erasure decision. Computer simulation has been performed for Golay <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(23,12,7)</tex> code and BCH <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(15,7,5)</tex> code.
Transformation of Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Ribbons (1998)

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires can be embedded in a host material to alter the stiffness or modal response and provide vibration control. The interaction between the embedded SMA and the host material is critical to applications requiring transfer of loads or strain from the wire to the host. Although there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to characterizing and modeling the response of SMA alone, little research has focused on the transformation behavior of embedded SMAs. In the current work, photoelasticity was used to quantify the internal stresses induced by the actuation of a thin SMA ribbon in a polymer matrix. Through the use of a CCD camera and a frame grabber, photoelastic fringes were digitally recorded at discrete time increments. The stress contours were then analyzed quantitatively as a function of time. A numerical simulation of the embedded ribbon was also carried out using a coupled SMA constitutive model. The thermomechanical model accurately predicted the stress contours throughout the experiment.
Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline aluminium from a chloroaluminate ionic liquid (2010)

In this letter we show that nanocrystalline aluminium can be electrodeposited in the Lewis acidic ionic liquid based on AlCl3 (60 mol%) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([MoeMIm]Cl) (40 mol%). The study comprised cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic polarization, and SEM and XRD measurements. The methoxy group in the side chain of the imidazolium cation significantly influences the electrodeposition pathway of Al in comparison to [EMIm]Cl/AlCl3. Cyclic voltammetry shows a significant current loop attributed to nucleation. Shiny Al layers are obtained with an average crystallite size of about 40 nm.
Ion channel complex of antibiotics as viewed by NMR (2009)

Abstract Amphotericin B (AmB) exerts its pharmacological effects by forming a barrel-stave assembly in fungal membranes. To examine the interaction between AmB and ergosterol or cholesterol, 13C- and 19F-labeled covalent conjugates were prepared and subjected to solid-state NMR measurements. Using rotor-synchronous double resonance experiments such as REDOR and RDX, we estimated the distance between the fluorine atom and its nearest carbon in the heptaene moiety to be less than 8.6 Å, indicating that the B ring of ergosterol comes close to the AmB polyene moiety. Conformational search of the AmB-ergosterol conjugate using the NMR-derived constraints suggested that ergosterol molecules surround the AmB assembly in contrast to the conventional image where ergosterol is inserted into AmB molecules. AmB-AmB bimolecular interaction was examined by using 13C- and 19F-labeld AmBs in dimyritoylphosphatidylcholine membrane without sterols. 13C-19F dipolar interactions deriving from both head-to-head and head-to-tail orientations were observed in the REDOR experiments. The interactions between AmB and acyl chains of the phospholipid were also detected.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation of liquids in porous media (2011)

Nuclear magnetic relaxation is useful for probing physical and chemical properties of liquids in porous media. Examples are given on high surface area porous materials including calibrated porous silica glasses, granular packings, plaster pastes, cement-based materials and natural porous materials, such as sandstone and carbonate rocks. Here, we outline our recent NMR relaxation work for these very different porous materials. For instance, low field NMR relaxation of water in calibrated granular packings leads to striking different pore-size dependencies of the relaxation times T1 and T2 when changing the amount of surface paramagnetic impurities. This allows separation of the diffusion and surface limited regimes of relaxation in these macroporous media. The magnetic field dependence of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/T1(ω0) is also a rich source of dynamical information for characterizing the molecular dynamics of liquids in porous media. This allows a continuous characterization of the evolving microstructure of various cementitious materials. Our recent applications of two-dimensional (2D) T1–T2 and T2-z-store-T2 correlation experiments have evidenced the water exchange in connected micropores of cement pastes. The direct probing of water adsorption time on a solid surface gives access to an original characterization of the surface nano-wettability of porous plaster pastes. We show that such a parameter depends directly on the physical chemistry of the pore surfaces. Lastly, we outline our recent measurements of wettability in oil/brine/reservoir carbonate rocks.
Imaging phosphoinositide dynamics using GFP‐tagged protein domains (2005)

Phosphoinositides are important regulators of cellular homoeostasis and numerous signal-transduction pathways. One of their major features is their ability to recruit signalling proteins to membranes by direct interaction with phosphoinositide-binding modules. The distribution and dynamics of membrane phosphoinositides are therefore major determinants in the spatiotemporal control of cell signalling and membrane trafficking. However, standard biochemical approaches cannot reveal the dynamics of phosphoinositides at the single-cell level. A major technical advance has been the development of genetically encoded fluorescent phosphoinositide probes on the basis of the phosphoinositide-binding domains found in signalling proteins, such as the PH (pleckstrin homology) domain. This review describes the diverse fluorescent phosphoinositide probes available for imaging specific phosphoinositide species and how their use has improved the understanding of phosphoinositide signalling at the single-cell level.
Synergy in motion. The Board chair and CEO relationship. (2001)

A successful health care organization depends on a solid board chair-CEO partnership. But what does such a relationship entail and how do you cultivate it?
Feed additives with thermophile-fermented compost enhance concentrations of free amino acids in the muscle of the flatfish Paralichthys olivaceus (2010)

Recycling is important to preserve the Earths resources. Recycling food waste for livestock feed has been practiced throughout the world over the centuries A study on the recycling of cafeteria food waste focused on the nutrient values of the recycled food and determined whether the food waste could be utilized as feed for pigs Trials of recycling food waste for fi sh feed have also been performed on commercial bases, but little is known about the impact of this kind of recycled feed on the healthy maintenance of fi sh. Recently, we investigated the microbial diversity of compost produced from marine animal resources by a unique fed-batch fermentation system with three bio-reactors Marine animal resources, not available for human consumption, have been used as a material of the compost. Thus the produced compost can be designated as a recycled material. The composting process is carried out at high temperature (around at 75 C) by fermentation-associated self-heating. The fi nal product contains thermophiles, and a majority of thermophiles in the compost is Bacillaceae This composting process likely limits the proliferation of general pathogens, and the cost for sterilization is therefore low. The compost also contains a bacterial strain expressing a cyclic lipopeptide with antifungal activities, which is heat stable and also stable in a broad pH range. Additionally, other groups found that thermophiles isolated from the compost express thermostable exo-and endochitinase to produce N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin This composted product has been marketed as a material for an organic fertilizer (Miroku Co., Ltd. and Keiyo Plant Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan). We have investigated the effects of the oral administration of this compost on the physiological responses
Effects of the Foot Position on Standing Balance in Patients With hemiplegia (2001)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the standing balance could be influenced by the different foot positions. Seventeen patients with hemiplegia were tested for the static and dynamic balance under the different foot positions. In the balance test, subject stood by bearing weight on one foot, and the other foot was positioned in three different positions (symmetric, anterolateral, and anterior position). This study used the Kinesthetic ability trainer (KAT2000) to measure the standing balance. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the static standing balance in different foot positions with both weight-bearing on the paretic limb and on the nonparetic limb (p anterolateral foot position did not show a significant difference (p>.05). In this study, the standing balance showed a significant difference according to different foot positions in hemiparetic patients, and standing balance was better when they stood by bearing weight on the nonparetic limb. These results indicate that it is a necessary to consider both weight-bearing limb and foot position not only in the rehabilitation program but also in achieving the stability in the independent life.
Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion (1992)

The mechanisms of release of insulin in response to the body's intake of nutrients has long been one of the central problems of research into diabetes. This book presents the latest findings on the topic from the leading laboratories in the field.
A thin-film inductance using thermal filaments (1970)

A particular thin-film structure is analyzed to determine the conditions for thermal filament formation. Assuming that these conditions are satisfied and that the structure is electrically biased so that a thermal filament exists, the current-voltage characteristic and small-signal equivalent circuit for a general conductivity-temperature characteristic in the thin film are determined. It is shown that an abrupt or discontinuous change in conductivity with temperature of the type observed in materials exhibiting semiconductor-metal transitions is not necessary to obtain thermal filaments. It is also shown that if there is no thermal hysteresis in the conductivity -temperature characteristic of the thin film, the filament equivalent circuit for the particular structure analyzed is closely approximated by a resistance in parallel with an inductance. The thin-film prop. erties required for this inductance to be independent of both the ambient temperature and the bias current are defined. If thermal hysteresis exists, the analysis shows that small-signal distortions occur, the inductance will become frequency dependent at low frequencies, and a nonlinear resistance must be added to the equivalent circuit in series with the inductance. Measurements on this structure using VO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> as the thin-film material are presented and discussed, and are shown to verify the conclusions based on the analysis.
Adenosine Monophosphoramidase Activity of Hint and Hnt1 Supports Function of Kin28, Ccl1, and Tfb3 (2002)

The histidine triad superfamily of nucleotide hydrolases and nucleotide transferases consists of a branch of proteins related to Hint and Aprataxin, a branch of Fhit-related hydrolases, and a branch of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GalT)-related transferases. Although substrates of Fhit and GalT are known and consequences of mutations in Aprataxin, Fhit, and GalT are known, good substrates had not been reported for any member of the Hint branch, and mutational consequences were unknown for Hint orthologs, which are the most ancient and widespread proteins in the Hint branch and in the histidine triad superfamily. Here we show that rabbit and yeast Hint hydrolyze the natural product adenosine-5'-monophosphoramidate (AMPNH(2)) in an active-site-dependent manner at second order rates exceeding 1,000,000 m(-1) s(-1). Yeast strains constructed with specific loss of the Hnt1 active site fail to grow on galactose at elevated temperatures. Loss of Hnt1 enzyme activity also leads to hypersensitivity to mutations in Ccl1, Tfb3, and Kin28, which constitute the TFIIK kinase subcomplex of general transcription factor TFIIH and to mutations in Cak1, which phosphorylates Kin28. The target of Hnt1 regulation in this pathway was shown to be downstream of Cak1 and not to affect stability of Kin28 monomers. Functional complementation of all Hnt1 phenotypes was provided by rabbit Hint, which is only 22% identical to yeast Hnt1 but has very similar adenosine monophosphoramidase activity.
Properties of antimicrobial plastics containing traditional food preservatives (2003)

Abstract Traditional food preservatives, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate, were incorporated into synthetic plastics, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(maleic acid‐co‐olefine), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), aimed at producing antimicrobial packaging material for foodstuffs. The study was undertaken on plaques (thickness 2 mm) and films (thickness 70–120 µm), whose antimicrobial test results clearly differed. Plaques containing 15% sodium nitrite inhibited both Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis , whereas the same concentration of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate had activity only against B. subtilis . Sodium lactate‐containing samples did not have any antimicrobial activity and none of the samples inhibited Escherichia coli . Antimicrobial substances added into PS and PET produced the strongest activities; however, due to the brittle structure of these materials, they were not tested further. Thus, more thorough tests for antimicrobial activity, migration and oxygen and water vapour permeability were carried out using LDPE films with 2.5–15% sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite. The effects of both substances on permeability properties were negligible. Although the total migration into food simulants measured from the films in many cases exceeded the limit value of 10 mg/dm 2 , no antimicrobial activity was observed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic synthesis of position‐specific low‐calorie structured lipids (1997)

Abstract An immobilized sn ‐1,3‐specific lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (IM 60) was used to catalyze the interesterification of tristearin (C 18:0 ) and tricaprin (C 10:0 ) to produce low‐calorie structured lipids (SL). Acceptable product yields were obtained from a 1:1 mole ratio of both triacylglycerols with 10% (w/w of reactants) of IM 60 in 3 mL hexane. The SL molecular species, based on total carbon number, were 44.2% C 41 and 40.5% C 49 , with 3.8 and 11.5% unreacted tristearin C 57 and tricaprin C 27 , respectively, remaining in the product mixture. The best yield of C 41 species (44.3%) was obtained with zero added water. Tricaprylin (C 8:0 ) was also successfully interesterified with tristearin in good yields at 1:1 mole ratio. Products were analyzed by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light‐scattering detector. Reaction parameters, such as substrate mole ratio, enzyme load, time course, added water, reaction media, and enzyme reuse, were also investigated. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase revealed the specific fatty acids present at the sn ‐1,3 positions of SL.
Virtual liver biopsy: image processing and 3D visualization (2002)

This paper presents results in the image processing and visualization aspects of a virtual liver biopsy system (a system for simulating the medical procedure of liver biopsy). The creation of 3D models from 2D images of the organs involved is described, and segmentation requirements of this process are discussed. Endoscopic images of the liver that simulate the needle's point of view are created by means of combined volume and surface rendering. For this purpose ray casting is used with the ray start and end points being constrained within a surface rendered environment. Visualization of the needle insertion process from an exterior point of view is presented. A real-time sectional imaging component is also used in which the displayed 2D-image section of the 3D volume tracks the tip of the needle.
A novel insertional mutation at the third zinc finger coding region of the WT1 gene in Denys— Drash syndrome (1993)

Journal Article A novel insertional mutation at the third zinc finger coding region of the WT1 gene in Denys— Drash syndrome Get access O. Ogawa, O. Ogawa Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.R. Eccles, M.R. Eccles Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Yun, K. Yun 1Department of Pathology, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.F. Mueller, R.F. Mueller 2Department of Paediatrics, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.D.D. Holdaway, M.D.D. Holdaway 2Department of Paediatrics, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.E. Reeve A.E. Reeve * Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoPO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 203–204, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.2.203 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 02 November 1992 Revision received: 12 December 1992 Accepted: 12 December 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
Feasibility of substrate fed threshold logic (1983)

Proposes a modified integrated injection logic (I/SUP 2/L) structure called substrate fed threshold logic (SFTL) for the implementation of multivalued logic. In this structure, threshold current is supplied from the p/SUP +/ substrate to the top p region through the windows in the n/SUP +/ buried layer, and the magnitude of the threshold current is determined by the number of injection windows. The feasibility of the structure is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The results show that four-valued threshold logic is possible with the proposed structure.
Characterization of Water Soluble Polymers by Ion Chromatography. I. Poly(Acrylamide-co-Sodium Acrylate) (1987)

Abstract The sodium counterion contents of a series of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) copolymers of varying composition have been investigated by Ion Chromatography (IC). Sodium ion contents obtained by IC are comparable with values based on either elemental analysis or titration techniques. Therefore, IC results can be used to determine the degree of polymer hydrolysis. Since sodium ion can be quantified at ppm levels, this analysis is possible with solutions containing =20 ppm polymer. At such concentrations, there is no evidence for column plugging or excessive system backpressure. Ionic contamination from glass storage vessels can be significant at these dilutions, however. The results of polymer dialysis and sonication studies are included. This study has explored the effects of key polymer and IC variables on the determination of Na+ ion content of aqueous HPAM solutions. Good agreement with the results based on elemental analysis or an ion-exchange/titration technique was established. A good correlation was also obtained between the sodium ion content of replicated samples of HPAMs versus the degree of hydrolysis of these polymers. Thus the feasibility of using IC for compositional analyses of these water soluble polymers has been demonstrated. Refinement of the method should lead to improved precision and several useful applications. Based on the inherent attributes of ion chromatography (e.g. small sample size requirements, high precision, quick analysis times, etc.) IC should have wide applicability in studies of ionic water soluble polymer systems. Potential applications include investigation of polymer composition, polymer concentration, polymer adsorption, and effects of processes such as dialysis.
In vitro selection and characterization of cellulose-binding DNA aptamers (2007)

Many nucleic acid enzymes and aptamers have modular architectures that allow them to retain their functions when combined with other nucleotide sequences. This modular function facilitates the engineering of RNAs and DNAs that have more complex functions. We sought to create new DNA aptamers that bind cellulose to provide a module for immobilizing DNAs. Cellulose has been used in a variety of applications ranging from coatings and films to pharmaceutical preparations, and therefore DNA aptamers that bind cellulose might enable new applications. We used in vitro selection to isolate aptamers from a pool of random-sequence DNAs and subjected two distinct clones to additional rounds of mutagenesis and selection. One aptamer (CELAPT 14) was chosen for sequence minimization and more detailed biochemical analysis. CELAPT 14 aptamer variants exhibit robust binding both to cellulose powder and paper. Also, an allosteric aptamer construct was engineered that exhibits ATP-mediated cellulose binding during paper chromatography.