gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Growth and Characterization of Very Thin Silicon Dioxide Films (1980)

Very thin oxides (30–140Å) have been prepared by oxidizing silicon at 900°–1000°C at reduced pressure (0.25–2.0 Torr). The oxidation rate is parabolic. The oxides have been characterized by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, Auger spectroscopy, etch rate variation, and breakdown voltages. The thin, low pressure oxides have properties similar to those of thicker oxides prepared at atmospheric pressure. The intrinsic breakdown fields are high (10–13 MV/cm) and distributed over a very narrow range. The ellipsometric, etch rate, and Auger data indicate a thin interfacial region <15Å thick, but such a region is not detected in the infrared spectra.
Generating arbitrary optical signal constellations using microring resonators (2013)

It is shown that two mutually uncoupled microresonators in series can adequately cover the entire I-Q space and render the realization of QAM signals possible. This approach is based on the independent optimization of each microresonator for amplitude and phase modulation respectively. Generation of 16 quadrature amplitude modulation is demonstrated by means of simulation.
New generation of bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs): photodefinable BARCs (2003)

Three polymer systems, polycarbonates, polysulfonyl esters, and hybrid carbonate-sulfones, were evaluated as materials for a new generation of bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs). The polymers were tested for their solubility in accepted industry solvents, resistance to photoresist solvents after casting, thermal stability, and photosensitivity. From these, polysulfonyl esters show more promising properties as photodefinable BARCs than the other systems because of their good solvent solubility and resistance to photoresist solvents after casting. These polymers can be formulated in ethyl lactate (EL) or 1-methoxy-2-acetoxypropane (PGMEA) but are insoluble in the same solvents after curing above 170°C. The polysulfonyl esters were thermally stable up to ~300°C in air. The cured films were exposed with DUV light at 200 to 600 mJ/cm2. After exposure, the films can be easily removed in alkaline developer.
17<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Ethynyl-androst-5-ene-3<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>,7<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>,17<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-triol (HE3286) Is Neuroprotective and Reduces Motor Impairment and Neuroinflammation in a Murine MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2012)

17α-Ethynyl-androst-5-ene-3β,7β,17β-triol (HE3286) is a synthetic androstenetriol in Phase II clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. HE3286 was evaluated for blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in mice, and efficacy in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) murine model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found that HE3286 freely penetrated the BBB. HE3286 treatment significantly improved motor function compared to vehicle in the rotarod test (mean 58.2 sec versus 90.9 sec, P < 0.0001), and reduced inflammatory mediator gene expression in the brain (inducible nitric oxide synthase, 20%, P = 0.002; tumor necrosis factor α, 40%, P = 0.038, and interleukin-1β, 33%, P = 0.02) measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Brain tissue histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed that HE3286 treatment increased the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells by 17% compared to vehicle (P = 0.003), and decreased the numbers of damaged neurons by 38% relative to vehicle (P = 0.029). L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) efficacy was not enhanced by concurrent administration of HE3286. HE3286 administration prior to MPTP did not enhance efficacy. Our data suggest a potential role for HE3286 in PD treatment, and provides incentive for further investigation.
Role of Listeriolysin O in Cell-to-Cell Spread of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2000)

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from a host vacuolar compartment and grows rapidly in the cytosol. Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a secreted pore-forming protein essential for the escape of L. monocytogenes from the vacuole formed upon initial internalization. However, its role in intracellular growth and cell-to-cell spread events has not been testable by a genetic approach. In this study, purified six-His-tagged LLO (HisLLO) was noncovalently coupled to the surface of nickel-treated LLO-negative mutants. Bound LLO mediated vacuolar escape in approximately 2% of the mutants. After 5.5 h of growth, cytosolic bacteria were indistinguishable from wild-type bacteria with regard to formation of pseudopod-like extensions, here termed listeriopods, and spread to adjacent cells. However, bacteria in adjacent cells failed to multiply and were found in double-membrane vacuoles. Addition of bound LLO to mutants lacking LLO and two distinct phospholipases C (PLCs) also resulted in spread to adjacent cells, but these triple mutants became trapped in multiple-membrane vacuoles that are reminiscent of autophagocytic vacuoles. These studies show that neither LLO nor the PLCs are necessary for listeriopod formation and uptake of bacteria into neighboring cells but that LLO is required for the escape of L. monocytogenes from the double-membrane vacuole that forms upon cell-to-cell spread.
Design considerations for a universal smart energy module for energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks (2011)

Abstract—This paper presents the design of a universal energy module for nodes in wireless sensor networks. It supports a wide range of energy harvesters and energy storage systems. The focus is on the efficient conversion and storage of energy and to provide a smart platform for higher level energy management functions. The module provides maximum power point tracking and supports hybrid harvesters. I.
Edge Server Software Architecture For Sensor Applications (2005)

Edge servers perform computation on data in addition to that performed by the application server. Typically edge servers are deployed just in front of the application server and perform simple generic functions such as load balancing. With the increasing integration of network connected sensors into Internet based applications we foresee the need for the deployment of edge servers at the other end of the network, i.e. at the boundary with the external sensor network. These edge servers reduce the amount of data that has to be sent to the application server by filtering, summarizing and aggregating the sensor data. They are distinct from existing servers in both the location they run and the application-specific functions they perform. Both these differences influence their design. We describe our implementation of such an edge server.
A review of embryonic mortality in cattle (1978)

Introduction Embryonic mortality, strictly interpreted, should refer to fertility losses during the embryonic period, i.e. the period extending from conception to completion of the stage of differentiation which, in the cow, occurs at approximately 45 days (Committee on Reproductive Nomenclature, 1972). However, many authors have included under this term, fertilization failure, as well as death after fertilization. Since the present review was written for presentation within the framework of a symposium on reproductive efficiency in domestic animals, it was considered necessary to include data on fertilization rates, for a more complete picture of fertility losses.
Modeling and convergence analysis of distributed co-evolutionary algorithms (2002)

A theoretical foundation is presented for modeling and convergence analysis of distributed co-evolutionary algorithms applied to optimization problems in which the variables are partitioned among p nodes. An evolutionary algorithm at each of the p nodes performs a local evolutionary search based on its own set of primary variables, and the secondary variable set at each node is clamped during this phase. An infrequent intercommunication between the nodes updates the secondary variables at each node. The local search and intercommunication phases alternate, resulting in a cooperative search by the p nodes. First, we specify a theoretical basis for centralized evolutionary algorithms in terms of construction and evolution of sampling distributions over the feasible space. Next, this foundation is extended to develop a general model of distributed co-evolutionary algorithms. Convergence and convergence rate analyses are pursued for certain basic classes of objective functions. Also considered are relative computational delays of the centralized and distributed algorithms when they are implemented in a network environment.
TROTEC-1:  A New High-Affinity Ligand for Labeling of the Dopamine Transporter (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTTROTEC-1: A New High-Affinity Ligand for Labeling of the Dopamine TransporterAlexander Hoepping, Martina Reisgys, Peter Brust, Sepp Seifert, Hartmut Spies, Roger Alberto, and Bernd JohannsenView Author Information Institut für Bioanorganische und Radiopharmazeutische Chemie, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, POB 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, and Abteilung für Radiopharmazie, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 23, 4429–4432Publication Date (Web):October 20, 1998Publication History Received27 July 1998Published online20 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm981008ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm981008arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Complexation,Ligands,Molecular structure,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Catalytic Two-Electron Reductions of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> by Myoglobin in Surfactant Films (1999)

Myoglobin (Mb), in films of dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (ddab) on graphite electrodes, is used as a catalyst to mediate the electrochemical reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) as well as the isoelectronic ion azide (N3-) in aqueous solutions. The electrocatalytic reductions are characterized by a rate-dependent irreversibility in cyclic voltammograms of Mb/ddab in the presence of the substrates. Bulk electrolysis shows that the reduction of 15N15NO by Mb/ddab yields 15N15N as shown by GC/MS. The catalytic reduction of azide results in almost quantitative formation of ammonia. These electrocatalytic processes are rationalized as two-electron reductions, with the catalyst cycling between the Fe(I) and Fe(III) states of Mb. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of N2O reduction by an Fe porphyrin or heme protein.
Distribution of 5-methylcytosine in the DNA of somatic and germline cells from bovine tissues (1981)

Genomic DNA of calf thymus contains 1.5 times as much 5-methylcytosine as similar sperm DNA, but the major EcoRI repeat fragment from satellite I of thymus contains ten times as much 5-methylcytosine as the corresponding fragment from sperm DNA. Restriction enzyme analyses of the total DNA and the satellite I fragment show that three HpaII sites in the fragment are completely unmethylated in sperm but fully methylated in thymus DNA. Under-methylation of many sites in the satellite DNAs can probably account for the lower level of methylation of sperm DNA rather than hemimethylation as previously suggested. These results are also discussed in relation to maintenance and de novo (initiation-type) methylases.
An efficient nonlinear model-predictive eco-cruise control for electric vehicles (2013)

A nonlinear problem formulation of an energy-saving model-predictive eco-cruise controller for electric vehicles is presented. With regard to the intended application in real-world tests, the model has to include the specific properties of a serial electric vehicle such as energy-recovery and a discontinuous accelerator input giving rise to a binary control variable. These specific features and the nonlinearity of the system dynamics make it a challenging task to formulate the optimisation problem in a way that allows a fast computation in real-time application. The challenges are addressed by using a model of the vehicle dynamics that is formulated in terms of the vehicle position instead of time and by considering the kinetic energy instead of the velocity. Furthermore, various constraints on the input and state variables are introduced for a realistic representation of the vehicle characteristics. A special focus is put on the treatment of a binary input variable in the optimisation. Here, in order to avoid a mixed-integer formulation of the problem, a continuous variable is introduced which is forced to take only discrete values by a penalty term. Finally, first simulation results underline the feasibility of this control approach.
Remote sensing of crosswind profiles using the correlation slope method (1979)

The correlation slope method relates the slope of the space-time covariance function at zero lag time to the crosswind component along a path via an integral equation of the first kind through the intermediary of a function of the distance between detectors. The integral equation is inverted to find the crosswind profile using the method of singular value decomposition. The effect of noise in the measurement of the correlation slope is considered, as well as the influence of finite detector separation. Some numerical results are shown.
Activation of the kynurenine pathway and increased production of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid following traumatic brain injury in humans (2015)

TBI induced a striking activation of the KP pathway with sustained increase of QUIN. The exceeding production of QUIN together with increased IDO1 activation and mRNA expression in brain-injured areas suggests that TBI selectively induces a robust stimulation of the neurotoxic branch of the KP pathway. QUIN's detrimental roles are supported by its association to adverse outcome potentially becoming an early prognostic factor post-TBI.
Confirmation sample control charts (1999)

Traditional X and R control charts are used widely in industry, but do not respond quickly to small or moderate changes in the process output. Confirmation sample control (CSC) charts to detect changes in the process mean and process variability are proposed. These new control charts have substantially better operating characteristics than X and R charts. CSC charts require that any unusual observed sample be confirmed through an independent confirmation sample taken from the process. This makes CSC charts appealing to production personnel since the charts require the verification of bad news. The implementation of CSC charts is illustrated, and figures are given that allow the determination of appropriate design parameters.
Attempted De Novo design, synthesis, and evaluation of a ligand for the allosteric site of phosphofructokinase (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAttempted De Novo design, synthesis, and evaluation of a ligand for the allosteric site of phosphofructokinaseNicole S. Sampson and Paul A. BartlettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 7179–7183Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00025a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Video event detection and summarization using audio, visual and text saliency (2009)

Detection of perceptually important video events is formulated here on the basis of saliency models for the audio, visual and textual information conveyed in a video stream. Audio saliency is assessed by cues that quantify multifrequency waveform modulations, extracted through nonlinear operators and energy tracking. Visual saliency is measured through a spatiotemporal attention model driven by intensity, color and motion. Text saliency is extracted from part-of-speech tagging on the subtitles information available with most movie distributions. The various modality curves are integrated in a single attention curve, where the presence of an event may be signified in one or multiple domains. This multimodal saliency curve is the basis of a bottom-up video summarization algorithm, that refines results from unimodal or audiovisual-based skimming. The algorithm performs favorably for video summarization in terms of informativeness and enjoyability.
Lamotrigine as an Augmentation Agent in Treatment-Resistant Depression (2002)

Article Abstract Background: The anticonvulsant lamotrigine has been reported to be efficacious and well tolerated as monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar patients as well as in treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. However, there is a paucity of research on the use of lamotrigine as an augmentation agent in treatment-refractory unipolar major depressive disorder. Method: This study was a retrospective chart review on the efficacy of lamotrigine augmentation in 37 individuals diagnosed with chronic or recurrent major depressive disorder (DSM-IV) who had failed to respond adequately to at least 2 previous trials of antidepressants. Thirty-one patients who were on lamotrigine treatment for at least 6 weeks (6 discontinued prematurely due to adverse events) took a mean dose of 112.90 mg/day for a mean of 41.80 weeks. The primary efficacy parameter for this study was the Clinical Global Impressions scale, which was retrospectively applied. In addition, these data were supplemented by an analysis of prospectively rated Global Assessment of Functioning scores. Results: On the basis of intent-to-treat analysis, response rates were as follows: 40.5% (15/37) much improved or very much improved, 21.6% (8/37) mildly improved, and 37.8% (14/37) unchanged. The percentage of patients who were rated much or very much improved and completed 6 weeks on the drug was 48.4% (15/31). No differences were found in the doses of lamotrigine given to responders and nonresponders. Conclusion: Analyses revealed that lamotrigine treatment was most effective for patients who had been depressed for shorter periods of time and had failed fewer previous trials of antidepressants. Data also suggested a trend toward increased response for patients with comorbid anxiety disorders and/or chronic pain syndromes.
Information theoretic measures for clusterings comparison (2009)

Information theoretic based measures form a fundamental class of similarity measures for comparing clusterings, beside the class of pair-counting based and set-matching based measures. In this paper, we discuss the necessity of correction for chance for information theoretic based measures for clusterings comparison. We observe that the baseline for such measures, i.e. average value between random partitions of a data set, does not take on a constant value, and tends to have larger variation when the ratio between the number of data points and the number of clusters is small. This effect is similar in some other non-information theoretic based measures such as the well-known Rand Index. Assuming a hypergeometric model of randomness, we derive the analytical formula for the expected mutual information value between a pair of clusterings, and then propose the adjusted version for several popular information theoretic based measures. Some examples are given to demonstrate the need and usefulness of the adjusted measures.
Induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vivo by IFN-<i>alpha</i> and its antitumor efficacy against established B16 melanoma liver metastases when combined with specific anti-B16 monoclonal antibody. (1990)

We have previously shown the ability of different cytokines to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in murine cells in vitro. In addition we found that the administration to mice of IL-2-induced cells which mediated ADCC and that these cells were phenotypically similar to the cells induced in vitro. In the present study we tested the ability of various cytokines, including IL-1, TNF, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma to induce ADCC in vivo. We found that both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma induced ADCC in the livers and spleens of C3H/Hen-treated mice and that these cytokines together with TNF enhanced the IL-2-induced ADCC in vivo. In C57BL/6 mice which, as previously shown, exhibit relatively low ADCC activity, IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma increased the IL-2-induced ADCC only when 100,000 U of IL-2 were used for priming. The effect of IFN-alpha on ADCC was dose dependent and was optimal after the administration of 200,000 U of the cytokine given three times a day for 3 days. Similar to the cells induced in vivo by IL-2, the precursors of the cells mediating ADCC were asialo GM1+ whereas the effectors were mainly nonadherent, Thy-1+ cells. IFN-alpha-generated cells mediating ADCC in the liver and spleen and, when combined with IL-2, ADCC was induced in the thymus as well. This effect of IFN-alpha on the induction of ADCC was exploited in an immunotherapy model in which we found that IFN-alpha significantly enhanced the antibody-mediated antitumor effect on established B16 melanoma liver micrometastases. Furthermore, when IL-2 and IFN-alpha administration was combined with the administration of mAb, a significantly reduced number of established 6- to 8-day B16 melanoma liver macrometastases and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice were seen. These studies imply that the administration of appropriate cytokine combinations may be a useful adjunct to the administration of mAb for the treatment of cancer in humans.