gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystalline Lactositol (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline LactositolM. L. Wolfrom, W. J. Burke, K. R. Brown, and Robert S. Rose Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 3, 571–573Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01270a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01270a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Spectral absorption coefficients of optically active substances in Lake Dianchi]. (2011)

A field investigation in Lake Dianchi was carried out in November, 2009, and a dataset including absorption coefficients and concentration of water components was collected. Absorption properties and its spatial distribution of Lake Dianchi have been systematically analyzed, the results show that: (1) Absorption spectral curve of total particles (a(p)) are similar with that of phytoplankton (a(ph)), which indicates that phytoplankton absorption dominates absorption of total suspended particles; (2) Significant relationships are found between a(ph) (440), a(ph) (624), a(ph) (675) and concentration of chla, and cyanophyta dominats the quantity of the algae in water columns; (3) There are more phytoplankton existed in northern lake than other areas because of higher level of eutrophication. Comparing with other water columns, discrepancies mainly appear as below: (1) The mean value of slope of absorption spectral curve of non-algal particles (S(d)) in Lake Dianchi is much bigger than that in other case-II waters; (2) The mean value of slope of absorption spectral curve of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) S(g) in Lake Dianchi is much smaller than that in other case-II waters; (3) Specific absorption of phytoplankton (a(ph)*) at 440 nm and 675 nm is at intermediate level, and a(ph)* value is susceptible to different regions, seasons, population structure of phytoplankton and so on.
Derivation of Smooth Muscle Cells with Neural Crest Origin from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

The heterogeneity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is related to their different developmental origins such as the neural crest and mesoderm. Derivation of SMCs from different origins will provide valuable in vitro models for the investigation of vascular development and diseases. From the perspective of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, an expandable cell source of SMCs is required for the construction of tissue-engineered blood vessels. In this study, we developed a robust protocol to derive neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). NCSCs derived from ESCs and iPSCs were expandable with similar cell doubling times. NCSCs were capable of differentiating into neural and mesenchymal lineages. TGF-β1 induced the expression of SMC markers calponin-1, SM22α, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and resulted in the assembly of smooth muscle α-actin, calponin-1, and SM22α into stress fibers. This work provides a basis for using iPSCs to study SMC biology and deriving vascular cells for tissue engineering.
Image segmentation for the purpose of object-based classification (2004)

The main aim of this research is to find optimum segmentation parameters for extracting different land cover classes. A relatively new segmentation approach, multiresolution segmentation, is being examined using two data sets (Landsat and IRS).
Impact of Changes in Respiratory Frequency and Posture on Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure Variability in Normal Subjects and Patients with Heart Failure (1996)

1. Autonomic dysfunction is a major feature of congestive cardiac failure and may have an important role in determining progression and prognosis. The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio derived from power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has been proposed as a non-invasive method to assess sympatho-vagal balance. However, the effects of different respiratory rates or posture are rarely accounted for, but may be relevant in patients with heart failure in whom clinical improvement is accompanied by a fall in respiratory rate and an increased proportion of the day in the upright position. 2. We have assessed the effect of controlled respiration at different rates (10, 15, 20 breaths/min or 0.17, 0.25 and 0.33 Hz), while supine and standing, on power spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability in 11 patients with heart failure and 10 normal subjects. 3. Heart rate variance and low-frequency power (normalized units) were reduced in patients with heart failure (absent in six). During controlled breathing while supine, the power of the high-frequency component was significantly greater at 10 breaths/min than at 20 breaths/min in patients with heart failure, whether expressed in absolute units (P = 0.005) or percentage of total power (P = 0.03). 4. On standing, controlled breathing in patients with heart failure produced less change in high-frequency power (P = 0.054), but the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio at lower respiratory rates was reduced (P = 0.05). In normal subjects, as expected, respiratory rate had a highly significant effect on high-frequency power. Also, in normal subjects there was the expected increase in heart rate low-frequency power (P = 0.04) moving from supine to standing with an increase in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (P = 0.003), while in the patients with heart failure this was absent, reflecting blunted cardiovascular reflexes. 5. Systolic blood pressure low- and high-frequency components and their ratio were significantly affected by respiration (P < 0.03) and change in posture (P < 0.03) in both patients with heart failure and normal subjects, with a significant increase in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (P = 0.03) on standing in patients with heart failure, indicating that autonomic modulation of blood pressure is still operating in heart failure. 6. Thus, respiratory rate and changes in posture have a significant effect on measurements derived from spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability. Studies that use power spectral analysis as a measure of sympatho-vagal balance should control for these variables.
Robust paradigm for diagnosing hold-time faults in scan chains (2007)

Hold-time violation is a common cause of failure at scan chains. A robust new paradigm for diagnosing such failures is presented. As compared to previous methods, the main advantage of this is the ability to tolerate non-ideal conditions, for example, under the presence of certain core logic faults or for those faults that manifest themselves intermittently. The diagnosis problem is first formulated as a ‘delay insertion process’. Upon this formulation, two algorithms – a ‘greedy’ algorithm and a so-called ‘best-alignment-based’ algorithm – is proposed. Experimental results on a number of practical designs and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Transgenic overexpression of GLUT1 in mouse glomeruli produces renal disease resembling diabetic glomerulosclerosis (2010)

Previous work identified an important role for hyperglycemia in diabetic nephropathy (The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329: 977-986, 1993; UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 352: 837-853, 1998), and increased glomerular GLUT1 has been implicated. However, the roles of GLUT1 and intracellular glucose have not been determined. Here, we developed transgenic GLUT1-overexpressing mice (GT1S) to characterize the roles of GLUT1 and intracellular glucose in the development of glomerular disease without diabetes. GLUT1 was overexpressed in glomerular mesangial cells (MC) of C57BL6 mice, a line relatively resistant to diabetic nephropathy. Blood pressure, blood glucose, glomerular morphometry, matrix proteins, cell signaling, transcription factors, and selected growth factors were examined. Kidneys of GT1S mice overexpressed GLUT1 in glomerular MCs and small vessels, rather than renal tubules. GT1S mice were neither diabetic nor hypertensive. Glomerular GLUT1, glucose uptake, mean capillary diameter, and mean glomerular volume were all increased in the GT1S mice. Moderately severe glomerulosclerosis (GS) was established by 26 wk of age in GT1S mice, with increased glomerular type IV collagen and fibronectin. Modest increases in glomerular basement membrane thickness and albuminuria were detected with podocyte foot processes largely preserved, in the absence of podocyte GLUT1 overexpression. Activation of glomerular PKC, along with increased transforming growth factor-beta1, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGF were all detected in glomeruli of GT1S mice, likely contributing to GS. The transcription factor NF-kappaB was also activated. Overexpression of glomerular GLUT1, mimicking the diabetic GLUT1 response, produced numerous features typical of diabetic glomerular disease, without diabetes or hypertension. This suggested GLUT1 may play an important role in the development of diabetic GS.
The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus. Wilfrid Blunt. New York: The Viking Press, 1971. 256 pp. $14.95. (2017)

Excerpt: Not all historians agree thoroughly with Julius von Sachs' suggestion in the Geschichte der Botanik (1875) that the work of Carl von Linnd marked the conclusion of an old epoch rather than the beginning of a new one, but it is true that most of Linnaeus' contributions were elaborations of the views of his predecessors. Except to historians of science, his sexual system of the classification of plants is all but forgotten. Yet as the grand nomenclator of the eighteenth century, and the regulator and popularizer (if not the innovator) of binomial nomenclature in biology, his place is secure in our memory.
The overexpression, purification and complete amino acid sequence of chorismate synthase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 and its comparison with the enzyme from <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (1988)

The enzyme chorismate synthase was purified in milligram quantities from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the aroC gene and confirmed by determining the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. The complete polypeptide chain consists of 357 amino acid residues and has a calculated subunit Mr of 38,183. Cross-linking and gel-filtration experiments show that the enzyme is tetrameric. An improved purification of chorismate synthase from Neurospora crassa is also described. Cross-linking and gel-filtration experiments on the N. crassa enzyme show that it is also tetrameric with a subunit Mr of 50,000. It is proposed that the subunits of the N. crassa enzyme are larger because they contain a diaphorase domain that is absent from the E. coli enzyme.
Well-Defined Hierarchical Templates for Multimodal Porous Material Fabrication (2010)

Hierarchical templates with raspberry-like and strawberry-like features were prepared by synthetically joining appropriately functionalized commercially available polystyrene (PS) latex spheres together. Two different coupling reactions were used to form the hierarchical templates: carbodiimide-assisted coupling of COOH groups with NH2 groups and base-assisted coupling of epoxy groups with NH2 groups. Since the templates are made by chemically bonding PS spheres together, both the “core” and “satellite” spheres can be different sizes. In this work, hierarchical spheres with core/satellite diameters of 1500/110 nm, 450/80 nm, 340/29 nm, and 1200/29 nm were made. The spheres were isolated and then used as hierarchical templates to prepare porous materials with well-defined architecture. Multimodal porous silica and bimodal macroporous gold electrodes were fabricated using the 1500/110 nm hierarchical template. Because the templates were constructed of only one material, polystyrene, they were easily removed from the host material to yield the macroporous material with pores of well-defined sizes that corresponded to the size of the template. It is envisioned that these hierarchical porous supports will be useful in chemical sensing and other applications that require large open pores to minimize diffusion restraints and smaller pores to increase surface area.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression (2003)

TMS shows promise as a novel antidepressant treatment. Systematic and large-scale studies are needed to identify patient populations most likely to benefit and treatment parameters most likely to produce success. In addition to its potential clinical role, TMS promises to provide insights into the pathophysiology of depression through research designs in which the ability of TMS to alter brain activity is coupled with functional neuroimaging.
Correction of motional artifacts in diffusion‐weighted images using a reference phase map (1995)

A method of correcting motional artifacts in diffusion-weighted images is described. Motion causes changes in the phase of the k-space NMR signal and thereby introduces positional shifts (or ghosts) in the spatial domain. By correcting the phase of the NMR signal before Fourier transformation, the image sharpness is greatly enhanced. The new method measures the phases of the NMR signal once and stores this phase information in a phase map. Subsequent images with motional artifacts are corrected during postprocessing using this reference phase map.
Transmit antenna selection in linear receivers: geometrical approach (2004)

Transmit antenna subset selection in spatial multiplexing systems is considered. In particular, selection algorithms aiming to minimise the error rate when linear detectors are used at the receiver are proposed. Previous work on antenna selection has considered capacity and post-processing SNR selection criteria. However, a geometrical interpretation of the decoding process which also permits development of a suboptimal algorithm that yields a considerable complexity reduction with only a small loss in performance, is considered.
Nonlinear response in the scintillation yield of Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce/sup 3+/ (1994)

The absolute light yield of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce/sup 3+/ (LSO:Ce) scintillation crystals is presented. From 60 keV to above 1 MeV the light output increases linearly with the gamma-ray energy and is about 67% of that of NaI(Tl/sup +/). However, a nonlinear response is observed for X-ray energies between 5 and 60 keV. For comparison, we also studied the light yield of a Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce/sup 3+/ crystal and a CsI:Tl crystal as a function of excitation energy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decontamination technologies for release from bioprocessing facilities. Part III. Decontamination of air (1990)

Physical treatment processes such as filtration, incineration, and UV radiation are more commonly employed than chemical treatment in the decontamination of air in the biotechnology industry that generates microbial aerosols. Depth filters and membrane filters are used in the decontamination of air streams. Application of electric heaters or gas‐ and oil‐fired incinerators for the decontamination of air streams depends on the air flow rates. UV radiation is generally applied to air retained in a containment unit. Application of chemical treatment technologies for contaminated gas streams is very limited.
Identification of a Rice RNA- and Microtubule-binding Protein as the Multifunctional Protein, a Peroxisomal Enzyme Involved in the β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids (2002)

The control of subcellular mRNA localization and translation is often mediated by protein factors that are directly or indirectly associated with the cytoskeleton. We report the identification and characterization of a rice seed protein that possesses both RNA and microtubule binding activities. In vitro UV cross-linking assays indicated that this protein binds to all mRNA sequences tested, although there was evidence for preferential binding to RNAs that contained A-C nucleotide sequence motifs. The protein was purified to homogeneity using a two-step procedure, and amino acid sequencing identified it as the multifunctional protein (MFP), a peroxisomal enzyme known to possess a number of activities involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The recombinant version of this rice MFP binds to RNA in UV cross-linking and gel mobility shift experiments, co-sediments specifically with microtubules, and possesses at least two enzymatic activities involved in peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation. Taken together these data suggest that MFP has an important role in mRNA physiology in the cytoplasm, perhaps in regulating the localization or translation of mRNAs through an interaction with microtubules, in addition to its peroxisomal function.
Beneficial effects of C-peptide on renal morphology in diabetic rats (2010)

The study was undertaken to examine the effects of C-peptide on glomerular volume (V(GLOM)), mesangial matrix synthesis, and degradation in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats with poor or moderate glycemic control. Series 1 (poor glycemic control) included groups of healthy rats, hyperglycemic rats, diabetic insulin-treated rats and diabetic C-peptide-treated rats. Series 2 (moderate glycemic control) included groups of healthy rats, diabetic insulin-treated rats, diabetic insulin- and C-peptide-treated rats. After 8 weeks, the left kidney was excised for evaluation of V(GLOM) and mesangial matrix area via light microscopy. Mesangial cells were cultured for 48 h and type IV collagen expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. The results indicated that in Series 1, C-peptide administration suppressed the diabetes-induced increase in the V(GLOM) and the mesangial matrix area. In Series 2, C-peptide administration resulted in a similar decrease in the V(GLOM) and a greater decrease in the mesangial matrix area when compared with insulin therapy alone. Moreover, C-peptide (300 nM) completely inhibited the glucose-induced increase of the collagen IV mRNA expression and protein concentration in mesangial cells cultured in 30 mM glucose medium. MMP-2 mRNA expression was not influenced by C-peptide. In conclusion, C-peptide administration to STZ-diabetic rats for 8 weeks results in the inhibition of diabetes-induced expansion of the mesangial matrix. This effect is independent of the level of glycemic control and results from the inhibition of diabetes-induced excessive formation of mesangial type IV collagen.
Effects of various grain structure and sizes on the thermal conductivity of Ti-based half-Heusler alloys (2002)

Half-Heusler alloys with the general formula TiNiSn/sub 1-X/Sb/sub X/ are currently being investigated for their potential as thermoelectric (TE) materials. These materials exhibit high thermopower (40-250 /spl mu/V/K) and low electrical resistivity values (0.1-8 m/spl Omega/-cm) which yields a relatively large power factor (/spl alpha//sup 2//spl sigma/T) of 0.2-1.0 W/m/sup ./K at room temperature. For these materials to be used in thermoelectric applications, the relatively high thermal conductivity (/spl lambda//spl ap/10 W/m/sup ./K) that is evident in these materials must be reduced. We have investigated the effect of Sb-doping on the Sn site and Zr doping on the Ti site on the electrical and thermal transport of TiNiSn. As expected, it is observed that large concentrations of Zr-doping on Ti-site reduce the lattice thermal conductivity as compared to the parent compounds. However an unusual result is observed with Sb-doping. The lattice thermal conductivity increases somewhat randomly with small amounts (< 5%) of Sb-doping at the Sn-site. This doping should have little effect on the thermal conductivity. A systematic investigation of grain structure in these Sb-doped materials has been performed as an attempt to explain the anomalous behavior of thermal conductivity due to Sb-doping. In addition, effects of grain size reduction on the thermal conductivity in ball milled and shock compressed samples have been investigated in hopes of reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.
Spin‐on Dielectric Materials (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Spin-on Dense Materials Spin-on Porous Materials New Processing Strategy to Integration Issues Summary Acknowledgments References
35 GHz pseudomorphic HEMT MMIC power amplifier (2002)

0.25 mu m-gate-length double-heterojunction InGaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) have been integrated into a three-stage power amplifier MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) designed for the 34-36 GHz band. This first pass design exhibited a peak small-signal gain of 30 dB, a minimum output power of 200 mW with 20-dB associated gain, a power-added efficiency of greater than 18%, and a return loss of greater than 14 dB over the entire band. This performance was measured with the MMIC operating from a single 6 V DC supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>CAHM</i>, a long non-coding RNA gene hypermethylated in colorectal neoplasia (2014)

The CAHM gene (Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HyperMethylated), previously LOC100526820, is located on chromosome 6, hg19 chr6:163 834 097-163 834 982. It lacks introns, encodes a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and is located adjacent to the gene QKI, which encodes an RNA binding protein. Deep bisulphite sequencing of ten colorectal cancer (CRC) and matched normal tissues demonstrated frequent hypermethylation within the CAHM gene in cancer. A quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was used to characterize additional tissue samples. With a threshold of 5% methylation, the CAHM assay was positive in 2/26 normal colorectal tissues (8%), 17/21 adenomas (81%), and 56/79 CRC samples (71%). A reverse transcriptase-qPCR assay showed that CAHM RNA levels correlated negatively with CAHM % methylation, and therefore CAHM gene expression is typically decreased in CRC. The CAHM qMSP assay was applied to DNA isolated from plasma specimens from 220 colonoscopy-examined patients. Using a threshold of 3 pg methylated genomic DNA per mL plasma, methylated CAHM sequences were detected in the plasma DNA of 40/73 (55%) of CRC patients compared with 3/73 (4%) from subjects with adenomas and 5/74 (7%) from subjects without neoplasia. Both the frequency of detection and the amount of methylated CAHM DNA released into plasma increased with increasing cancer stage. Methylated CAHM DNA shows promise as a plasma biomarker for use in screening for CRC.