gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanometer-scale magnetic resonance imaging (2004)

Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) images the three-dimensional spatial distribution of resonant spins by mechanical force detection. Image reconstruction in MRFM is challenging because the resonance occurs in a strongly curved shell that extends beyond the scan range. In contrast with conventional magnetic resonance imaging, where Fourier techniques work well, the curved-shell resonant geometry inherent to MRFM requires novel reconstruction methods. Here, we show the application of iterative reconstruction in an electron spin resonance imaging experiment with 80 nm voxels. The reconstructed image has a total scan volume of 0.5 cubic micrometers, and was generated by a magnetic resonant shell with a curvature radius of 2.3 μm. The imaged object was a paramagnetically doped solid with an obliquely tilted surface. The reconstructed image correctly identified the location and orientation of the surface, and mapped the spin distribution within the solid. Applications of MRFM include three-dimensional nanometer-scale mapping of dopant distributions in semiconductors, studies of magnetism of thin films, and spin diffusion physics. An ultimate goal of MRFM is the direct observation of molecular structure at the atomic scale.
Thermoelectric transport in strained Si and Si/Ge heterostructures (2012)

The anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties of bulk silicon strained in the [111]-direction were studied by detailed first-principles calculations focusing on a possible enhancement of the power factor. Electron and hole doping were examined in a broad doping and temperature range. At low temperature and low doping an enhancement of the power factor was obtained for compressive and tensile strain in the electron-doped case and for compressive strain in the hole-doped case. For the thermoelectrically more important high-temperature and high-doping regime a slight enhancement of the power factor was only found under small compressive strain with the power factor overall being robust against applied strain. To extend our findings the anisotropic thermoelectric transport of a [111]-oriented Si/Ge superlattice was investigated. Here, the cross-plane power factor under hole doping was drastically suppressed due to quantum-well effects, while under electron doping an enhanced power factor was found. For this, we state figures of merit of ZT = 0.2 and 1.4 at T = 300 and 900 K for the electron-doped [111]-oriented Si/Ge superlattice. All results are discussed in terms of band structure features.
Isolation and characterization of a viable adenovirus mutant defective in nuclear transport of the DNA-binding protein (1989)

The isolation and characterization of an adenovirus mutant, Ad5dl802r1, containing two independent deletions in the 72-kilodalton (kDa) DNA-binding protein (DBP) gene is described. The two deletions remove amino acids 23 through 105 of DBP, resulting in the production of a 50-kDa product. Expression of this truncated DBP was delayed 12 to 24 h compared with that of the 72-kDa protein produced by wild-type adenovirus type 5. The DBP was located primarily in the cytoplasm of infected cells, whereas the wild-type product was predominantly nuclear. Therefore, DBP appears to contain a nuclear localization signal within the deleted region. Ad5dl802r1 DNA synthesis, viral late gene expression, and virus production were all delayed 12 to 24 h and were approximately 10-fold lower than with wild-type adenovirus type 5. These phenotypic properties can be accounted for by the delay in synthesis and the inefficient accumulation of the 50-kDa DBP within the nucleus of infected cells. The truncated DBP also lacks the majority of amino acids which are phosphorylated in the normal protein. The loss of these phosphorylation sites does not appear to seriously impair the ability of the protein to carry out its functions.
Circulating erythroid progenitors in polycythemia vera are hypersensitive to insulin-like growth factor-1 in vitro: studies in an improved serum-free medium [see comments] (1994)

We have investigated the question of erythropoietin (Epo) hypersensitivity versus Epo independence as the basis for the endogenous erythroid bursts (EEBs) that develop in cultures without added Epo from hematopoietic cells of polycythemia vera (PV) patients. Using an improved serum-free (SF) medium containing interleukin (IL)-3, but no insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and devoid of contaminants that influence erythropoiesis, we compared circulating normal and PV early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) with respect to their responses in vitro to recombinant human (rHu) Epo. Cultures were seeded with Ficoll- Hypaque density-separated peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs), and erythroid bursts, together with their component colonies of > or = 50 cells, were scored in situ at 13 to 16 days of culture. The Epo dose-response curve of BFU-E from PV patients was found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of normal subjects. This observation provides compelling evidence against the Epo- hypersensitivity hypothesis. In the complete SF medium minus Epo, the sensitivity of BFU-E to IGF-1 was much greater in PV than in normals, the dose-response curve being shifted to the left by at least 2 orders of magnitude. These data show that the erythroid progenitor cell response in PV is hypersensitive to IGF-1, and independent of Epo. The data also emphasize the importance of truly SF medium conditions for assessment of progenitor cell sensitivities to recombinant growth factors. Depletion of adherent cells totally prevented erythroid burst formation by normal circulating progenitors, but did not prevent the hypersensitive response to IGF-1 of such cells from PV patients. Hence, again unlike its normal counterpart, the progenitor cell response in PV appears to be independent of adherent cell control.
INTERFERENCE OF MACROPHAGES WITH IMMUNOTARGETING OF LIPOSOMES (2002)

We investigated the binding, uptake and intracellular degradation of immunoliposomes by isolated rat liver macrophages in vitro. Immunoliposomes were prepared either by coupling a randomly thiolated anti-CC531 rat colon adenocarcinoma monoclonal antibody to bilayer-incorporated MPB-PE by means of a thioether linkage or by attaching it through its Fc moiety to the distal terminus of hydrazide-modified PEG-DSPE. The two immunoliposome preparations clearly differ in their interaction with the tumor target cells, as well as with the macrophages. At comparable antibody densities both cell types show 1.5-2-fold higher levels of association for the Hz-PEG-immunoliposomes than for the MPB-PEG-immunoliposomes. We provide evidence that immunoliposome macrophage-interaction is both Fc-receptor and scavenger receptor mediated to about equal extents. At low antibody density the hydrazide immunoliposomes favor interaction with the tumor cells to that with macrophages. At higher antibody densities, on the other hand, interaction of these liposomes with the macrophages is increasingly favored, mostly due to enhanced scavenger receptor mediated uptake. The rate of intracellular degradation of (immuno)liposomes internalized by liver macrophages is barely influenced by the presence of either PEG or immunoglobulins on the liposomal surface.
Image Segmentation Using MorphologicalOperation for Automatic Region Growing (2014)

Image Segmentation is a subset of an expansive field of Computer Vision which deals with the analysis of the spatial content of an image. It is used to detach regions from the rest of the image, in order to recognize them as objects. The key contributions of this paper are based on an algorithm and were executed step by step. Firstly Noisy Image was filtered with the help of various filters. Secondly Filtered Image was reconstructed with the help of Morphological Operations. Subsequently, Region Growing Technique was applied on reconstructed image and segmented image was implemented. Furthermore Segmented Image was divided into sub parts. Finally, Results are analyzed on three bases, firstly on the segmented noisy image and secondly on the filtered segmented image and finally on the sub parts of the noisy and filtered segmented image with four parameters such as PSNR (Peak Signal Noise to Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), Mean difference and Maximum difference.
A novel method for nanoprecision alignment in wafer bonding applications (2007)

Wafer bonding has been identified as a promising technique to enable fabrication of many advanced semiconductor devices such as three dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) and micro/nano systems. However, with the device dimensions already in the nanometer range, the lack of approaches to achieve high precision bonding alignment has restricted many applications. With this increasing demand for wafer bonding applications, a novel mechanical passive alignment technique is described in this work aiming at nanoprecision alignment based on kinematic and elastic averaging effects. A number of cantilever supported pyramid and V-pit microstructures have been incorporated into the outer circumference area of the to-be-bonded Si chips, respectively. The engagement between the convex pyramids and concave V-pits and the compliance of the support cantilever flexures result in micromechanical passive alignment which is followed by direct bonding between the Si chips. The subsequent infrared (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspections repeatedly confirmed the achievement of the alignment accuracy of better than 200nm at the bonding interface with good bonding quality. The impact and potential applications of the developed alignment technique are also discussed.
Maximum Likelihood Genome Assembly (2009)

Whole genome shotgun assembly is the process of taking many short sequenced segments (reads) and reconstructing the genome from which they originated. We demonstrate how the technique of bidirected network flow can be used to explicitly model the double-stranded nature of DNA for genome assembly. By combining an algorithm for the Chinese Postman Problem on bidirected graphs with the construction of a bidirected de Bruijn graph, we are able to find the shortest double-stranded DNA sequence that contains a given set of k-long DNA molecules. This is the first exact polynomial time algorithm for the assembly of a double-stranded genome. Furthermore, we propose a maximum likelihood framework for assembling the genome that is the most likely source of the reads, in lieu of the standard maximum parsimony approach (which finds the shortest genome subject to some constraints). In this setting, we give a bidirected network flow-based algorithm that, by taking advantage of high coverage, accurately estimates the copy counts of repeats in a genome. Our second algorithm combines these predicted copy counts with matepair data in order to assemble the reads into contigs. We run our algorithms on simulated read data from Escherichia coli and predict copy counts with extremely high accuracy, while assembling long contigs.
Manufacturability of highly doped aluminum nitride films (2015)

There have been several investigations [1], [2], [3], that demonstrated benefits of adding dopants such as (Sc) or combination of other materials, like Zr/Mg for example, to the aluminum nitride (AlN) films in order to increase coupling coefficient (kt^2) of the Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) devices. For concentrations below 10% atomic Sc, it is possible to use a single composite target with a standard magnetron design [4]. Most R&D systems that performed initial investigations on AlScN films with high concentration of Sc dopant, used two separate targets with two separate magnetrons: one with pure Al and one with pure Sc with different applying power to compensate for the large difference in sputtering rates of the two materials and get stoichiometric composition. Unfortunately, depositing from two different targets is only viable for low volume R&D experiments. The system described in this article uses standard dual conical magnetron with AC deposition source. Targets are cut into multiple segments as shown in Figure 1 [5]. Based on simple geometry of target's surface, deposited film composition is proportional to the surface of specific pieces of target material. Unfortunately, Al is eroded at much higher rate than Sc at the same potential and same magnetic field. Over the target life, concentration of Sc increases in the deposited films. In order to maintain same Sc composition over the entire target life, it is necessary to vary magnetic field locally over the surface of the Al and Sc pieces to provide same erosion rate of Al vs. Sc at the same target potential. Adjusting magnetic field for each segment of both Al and Sc allows for constant deposited film composition over the entire target life solves this problem.
Automated model-based localization of sperm whale clicks (2003)

In previous work we described an algorithm based on an acoustic propagation model that was used for passive acoustic localization of vocalizing marine mammals. Differences between measured and modeled pair-wise time-differences of arrival were used to define an ambiguity surface that identifies the most probable whale location in a horizontal plane around an array. The algorithm has been successfully applied to humpback whale calls in deep water near Hawaii and blue whale calls in shallow water near California. In this work, we return to Hawaii to track another species of whale, the sperm whale, whose calls are brief, broadband clicks. Acoustic localizations are in close proximity in space and time to aerial observations of sperm whales. We were also able to verify the algorithm's accuracy in a controlled source experiment at the Navy's AUTEC range in the Bahamas. Recordings of sperm whale clicks were broadcast and successfully tracked. The localization accuracy of the model-based technique and traditional hyperbolic techniques is compared.
A Study on Motion Visualization System Using Motion Capture Data (2007)

In this paper, we describe a development of the motion visualization system which make us understand intuitively a series of action of an actor by coordinates information obtained from motion capture system (MC system). The MC system we use is wireless magnetic type and has 11 sensors each which give us position and angle data. To visualize the motion of limbs, we transform momentary position and/or angle data from corresponding sensor into color lines and place the line in a row every moment. As a result, the motion of a sensor is shown as an image like a color belt on display. The idea of this method is based on principle of slit camera. Once the image is generated, we can get some characteristics of motion by image processing techniques without original sensor data. Some examples of the image and extracted features from the image will be shown.
The Forward Solution for Linear Rational Expectations Models. (2007)

This paper generalizes the forward method of recursive substitution and the corresponding forward solution to a general class of linear Rational Expectations models with predetermined variables. This forward method detects the existence of the fundamental solution to a given model by simply verifying whether the model can be solved forward and its solution does not depend on the expectations of the future endogenous variables, a property known as the no-bubble condition or transversality condition. The resulting forward solution is the relation between the endogenous and state variables implied by the recursive structure of the model. Consequently, the forward solution satisfies the no-bubble condition and it is unique in the class of fundamental solutions by construction whenever it exists, independent of determinacy of a given model. While there may exist other fundamental solutions, we show that they must violate the no-bubble condition despite being fundamental, bubble-free solutions. We provide several examples where seemingly legitimate fundamental solutions obtained by other methods may not be admissible as economically sensible Rational Expectations solutions.
[Aqueous protein concentration after vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy]. (1992)

The protein concentration in the aqueous humor in 46 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy was quantitated before and after vitrectomy. Before surgery, the protein value as measured by a laser flare-cell meter was 5 times that in normal control eyes. The value was elevated on day 3 after surgery and gradually decreased to reach the preoperative value 1 month after surgery. The postoperative protein value significantly increased in accordance with the complexity of surgical maneuvers until day 17 when the 46 eyes were classified into 3 groups: simple-maneuver group (12 eyes), membrane delamination group (18 eyes) and silicone oil group (16 eyes). The time course of aqueous protein concentration in the simple-maneuver group was similar to that after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in 8 eyes with prior branch retinal vein occlusion. The observed increase in aqueous protein after vitrectomy seemed to be transferred from vitreous cavity to anterior chamber.
DNA-Binding Proteins Turn Genes On And Off (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTDNA-Binding Proteins Turn Genes On And OffSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 8, 34Publication Date (Print):February 21, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 21 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n008.p034https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n008.p034newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biology,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Protein dynamics,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Plant Small RNAs: Biogenesis, Mode of Action and Their Roles in Abiotic Stresses (2011)

Abstract Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18-30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new and improved technologies, sRNAs have also been identified and characterized in plant systems. Among them, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are found to be very important riboregulators in plants. Various types of sRNAs differ in their mode of biogenesis and in their function of gene regulation. sRNAs are involved in gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are known to regulate growth and development of plants. Furthermore, sRNAs especially plant miRNAs have been found to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. Therefore, in the present review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant sRNAs and their responses to various abiotic stresses.
The Electrodeposition of Ni-Fe-Cr Alloy Coatings on Mild Steel Surfaces and Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance (2013)

The electrodeposition of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys was investigated in a trivalent chromium electrolyte on the surface of mild steel over a range of current density. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Tafel plot and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were used to compare plated alloy coatings and heat-treated electrodeposited alloy coatings. The heat-treated alloy coatings showed a relatively large impedance values and corrosion inhibiting efficiency. Moreover, the polarisation resistance, R p , was obtained by EIS modeling using equivalent circuits.
Direct Alkylation of 2-Acylamino- and 2-Aminopyrazines with Organolithium Reagents (1996)

Reactions of 2-acylamino- or 2-aminopyrazine with organolithium reagents in THF resulted in regioselective alkylation at C3 position in moderate yields.
Pharmacognostical study of Nagakeshara (Mesua ferrea Linn) - an ingredient in Vyaghrihareetaki Avaleha. (2010)

Herbs are staging a come-back and the herbal renaissance is “the happening” all over the globe. Ironical fact – Ayurvedic System of medicine is still struggling to reach the heights beyond numerous hurdles in its path. One such hurdle is controversy over botanical identity of drugs. Among the many drugs under controversy the drug nagakeshara is also one. The drug nagakeshara is found as an ingredient in many of the Ayurvedic formulations. Nagakeshara is an ingredient in Vyaghrihareetaki Avaleha, used commonly to cure many diseases like shwasa, kasa, pinasa etc. Mesua ferrea, Ochrocarpus longifolius, Calophyllum inophyllum, Cinnamomum tamala, Dillenia pentagyna are the divergent source plants of nagakeshara. Unripe buds of Ochrocarpus longifolius Benth & Hook are sold in the name of rattan nagakeshara. Identification of original drug is the first step to maintain the quality of the final product. Here an attempt was made to study the drug Nagakeshara (Mesua ferrea) conceptually, pharmacognostically and analytically. Derived morphological characters with the help of synonyms as per various Ayurvedic classics, one can arrive at a conclusion that the drug should be the stamens present in the flowers of Mesua ferrea. In API, Mesua ferrea is considered as authentic drug for Nagakehara.
Seizure outcome and its predictors after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in patients with normal MRI (2011)

A normal MRI should not prevent presurgical evaluations in patients with suspected TLE, as favorable long-term postoperative seizure outcomes are possible. Proposed mechanisms of epileptogenicity and seizure recurrence in this group are discussed.
Vortex-induced vibration wind energy harvesting by piezoelectric MEMS device in formation (2019)

Abstract A silicon chip integrated microelectromechanical (MEMS) wind energy harvester, based on the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) concept, has been designed, fabricated, and tested as a proof-of-concept demonstration. The harvester comprises of a cylindrical oscillator attached to a piezoelectric MEMS device. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to measure the power output of the energy harvester. Additionally, the energy harvester is placed within a formation of up to 25 cylinders to test whether the vortex interactions of multiple cylinders in formation can enhance the power output. Experiments show power output in the nanowatt range, and the energy harvester within a formation of cylinders yield noticeably higher power output compared to the energy harvester in isolation. A more detailed investigation conducted using computational fluid dynamics simulations indicates that vortices shed from upstream cylinders introduce large periodic transverse velocity component on the incoming flow encountered by the downstream cylinders, hence increasing VIV response. For the first time, the use of formation effect to enhance the wind energy harvesting at microscale has been demonstrated. This proof-of-concept demonstrates a potential means of powering small off-grid sensors in a cost-effective manner due to the easy integration of the energy harvester and sensor on the same silicon chip.