gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of 8-Methyl-nonenoic Acid on Capsaicin Biosynthesis in In-Vivo and In-Vitro Cell Cultures of <i>Capsicum </i>Spp. (2006)

Capsaicin is a bioactive molecule synthesized by enzymatic (putative capsaicin synthase) condensation of vanillylamine, a phenyl propanoid intermediate with 8-methyl-nonenoic acid, a fatty acid derivative from leucine/valine pathway. Analysis of levels of 8-methyl-nonenoic acid and phenyl propanoid intermediates in high, medium, and low pungent Capsicum genotypes revealed that the 8-methyl-nonenoic acid pool plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of capsaicin levels. Cerulenin-mediated inhibition of 8-methyl-nonenoic acid synthesis decreased the capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum cell suspension cultures. Similarly amino oxy acetate inhibited vanillylamine synthesis but failed to reduce capsaicin production. The mRNA transcript analysis of keto acyl synthase (KAS), a crucial enzyme involved in 8-methyl-nonenoic acid and an amino transferase (AMT), involved in vanillylamine biosynthesis was studied. The mRNA transcript analysis revealed the progressive developmental expression of KAS gene in the placenta during the ontogeny of the fruit, whereas AMT transcripts levels did not show significant differences. Hence, the study demonstrates the influence of 8-methyl-nonenoic acid and its possible regulatory role in capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum spp.
Video Analytics with Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Activities (2015)

As video capturing devices become more ubiquitous from surveillance cameras to smart phones, the demand of automated video analysis is increasing as never before. One obstacle in this process is to efficiently locate where a human operator’s attention should be, and another is to determine the specific types of activities or actions without ambiguity. It is the special interest of this dissertation to locate spatial and temporal regions of interest in videos and to develop a better action representation for video-based activity analysis. This dissertation follows the scheme of “locating then recognizing” activities of interest in videos, i.e., locations of potentially interesting activities are estimated before performing in-depth analysis. Theoretical properties of regions of interest in videos are first exploited, based on which a unifying framework is proposed to locate both spatial and temporal regions of interest with the same settings of parameters. The approach estimates the distribution of motion based on 3D structure tensors, and locates regions of interest according to persistent occurrences of low probability. Two contributions are further made to better represent the actions. The first is to construct a unifying model of spatio-temporal relationships between reusable mid-level actions which bridge low-level pixels and high-level activities. Dense trajectories are clustered to construct mid-level actionlets, and the temporal relationships between actionlets are modeled as Action Graphs based on Allen interval predicates. The second is an effort for a novel and efficient representation of action graphs based on a sparse coding framework. Action graphs are first represented using Laplacian matrices and then decomposed as a linear combination of primitive dictionary items following sparse coding scheme. The optimization is eventually formulated and solved as a determinant maximization problem, and 1-nearest neighbor is used for action classification. The experiments have shown better results than existing approaches for regions-of-interest detection and action recognition.
Mach-Zehnder switch using an ultra-compact directional coupler in a strongly-confining rib structure (1994)

A quantum well Mach-Zehnder switch operating at 1.55 μm, fabricated in a strongly-confining rib waveguide structure, and employing a multi-mode 3-dB output coupler only 40 μm long, is described. The device yields almost 10 dB of contrast between outputs at 3 V bias, with 4.3 dB of excess coupler loss. The total cleaved device length is only 1.5 mm, and high bandwidth (15 GHz) operability is anticipated. A simple computer model of the coupler is in good agreement with the measured results, and predicts enhanced performance with a small increase in the coupler length.
Single- and Multi-core Configurable AES Architectures for Flexible Security (2009)

As networking technology advances, the gap between network bandwidth and network processing power widens. Information security issues add to the need for developing high-performance network processing hardware, particularly that for real-time processing of cryptographic algorithms. This paper presents a configurable architecture for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, whose major building blocks are a group of AES processors. Each AES processor provides 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> block cipher schemes with a novel on-the-fly key expansion design for the original AES algorithm and an extended AES algorithm. In this multicore architecture, the memory controller of each AES processor is designed for the maximum overlapping between data transfer and encryption, reducing interrupt handling load of the host processor. This design can be applied to high-speed systems since its independent data paths greatly reduces the input/output bandwidth problem. A test chip has been fabricated for the AES architecture, using a standard 0.25-¿m CMOS process. It has a silicon area of 6.29 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , containing about 200,500 logic gates, and runs at a 66-MHz clock. In electronic codebook (ECB) and cipher-block chaining (CBC) cipher modes, the throughput rates are 844.9, 704, and 603.4 Mb/s for 128-, 192-, and 256-b keys, respectively. In order to achieve 1-Gb/s throughput (including overhead) at the worst case, we design a multicore architecture containing three AES processors with 0.18-¿m CMOS process. The throughput rate of the architecture is between 1.29 and 3.75 Gb/s at 102 MHz. The architecture performs encryption and decryption of large data with 128-b key in CBC mode using on-the-fly key generation and composite field S-box, making it more cost effective (with better thousand-gate/gigabit-per-second ratio) than conventional methods.
Corneal-Retinal Potential Behind Closed Eyelids (1970)

The variation in the corneal-retinal potential (CRP) was measured under clinical electronystagmography conditions. Twenty subjects were recorded for 39 minutes each. The interindividual differences are exceedingly large. The average fall during the first 9 to 12 minutes was about 40%. This error leads to an underestimation of the speed of the slow component of the nystagmus, and hence to false conclusions about directional preponderance, excitability difference, and response decline. The latter is probably largely an artifact of the falling CRP. Most standard series suffer from this basic error. It is recommended that calibration be performed at the start and finish of each caloric irrigation to lessen this variable.
Steroid receptors and other prognostic factors in primary breast cancer. (1988)

A review and update of published studies on prognostic factors support the following conclusions: The number of axillary lymph nodes involved with tumor remains the most important prognostic factor for women with primary breast cancer. In stage I disease, the lack of estrogen receptor (ER) seems to be the most important factor for predicting earlier recurrence and poorer survival. In stage II breast cancer, progesterone receptor (PgR) content appears to be better than ER content in predicting disease-free and overall survival. Measurement of proliferative activity (S-phase DNA) by thymidine labeling or flow cytometry (FCM) and of aneuploidy by FCM also provides prognostic information. Patients with aneuploid tumors, or with high S-phase diploid tumors, are at increased risk for relapse. Amplification of oncogenes, particularly HER-2/neu, may provide additional prognostic information in combination with other established prognostic factors.
Infrared scene generator for a flight-motion simulator (1993)

The paper describes an infrared scene generator (IRSG) mounted on a Flight Motion Simulator (FMS) for hardware in the loop simulation of IR air to air missile seekers. The scene generator projects target, flare and background images, that are optically collimated to the seeker under test. The target and flare images are generated using high temperature (1200 degree(s)C) blackbody sources and controllable irises. A dynamic Variable Neutral Density Filter (VNDF) is used in the target and flare channels to simulate the range closure and attenuation effect of the atmosphere. The background channel consists of a back illuminated IR transparency located in front of an extended area blackbody. The target flare and background images are combined using two beam combiners. One of the beam combiners has two degrees of freedom to simulate the motion of the flare relative to the target within the field of view (FOV) of the IRSG.
Gene-Engineered Hydrophobilization to Alter the Bactericidal Activity of Lysozyme (2000)

The hydrophobic polypeptide, polyproline, which has different chain lengths, was connected to the C-terminus of human lysozyme by recombinant DNA techniques. The hydrophobicity of human lysozyme increased with the increasing length of the polyproline chain. No significant perturbation of the secondary structure of lysozyme by incorporation of the polyproline chain was observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Although the bactericidal activity of wild-type human lysozyme is limited to Gram-positive bacteria (M. luteus and B. subtilis), the mutant lysozymes showed bactericidal activity to Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa), and the activity increased with the increasing hydrophobicity of the mutant enzyme. Experiments with E. coli phospholipid liposomes revealed that the mutant lysozymes enhanced the release of the liposome contents, and this release increased with the increase of hydrophobicity. The increased hydrophobicity of the mutant enzyme may induce the interaction of lysozyme with the outer membrane E. coli and subsequent penetration into the inner membrane, resulting in the increase of bactericidal activity.
Authentication Model for Multi-domain Using Different Authentication Technologies on Active Network (2007)

Because of the coexistence of multi-PKI,how to implement authentication for multi-domain would become one of the most important problems on active network security.This paper proposes an authentication model and designs a suit of protocols to satisfy these actualities.The model which supports cross-domain mutual entity authentication is very suitable for the practice of authentication on active network.
Neurological Disorders Associated with Sweating (2012)

Thermoregulatory sweat is principal mean for homeostasis of temperature. Sweat glands have eccrine gland, apocrine gland, and apoeccrine glands. Disorders of sweating are manifested by excess (hyperhidrosis) or deficit (hypohidrosis, anhidrosis) of sweat. Hyperhidrosis can be defined as excessive sweating beyond a level required to maintain normal body temperature. The sweating can be generalized or localized (axilla, palms, soles, palmar-plantar, perineal). Usually hypohidrosis or anhidrosis may be more serious than hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis is usually benign, but interferes with one’s daily activities. First step for diagnostic approach for sweating disorders might be dividing them into localized or generalized, and primary or secondary forms. Treatement for hyperhidrosis include topical agents, botulinum toxin A injections, systemic anticholinergics, and sympathectomy.
σ-Chelation-directed C–H functionalizations using Pd(<scp>ii</scp>) and Cu(<scp>ii</scp>) catalysts: regioselectivity, stereoselectivity and catalytic turnover (2006)

Recent progress in sigma-chelation directed C-H functionalization from the authors' group is described to illustrate the challenges and opportunities in the development of synthetically-useful catalytic reactions involving C-H activation as the key step. Emphasis is placed on strategies for developing catalysis under mild conditions and controlling regio- and stereoselectivity.
Non‐thermal food processing/preservation technologies: a review with packaging implications (2007)

Abstract Non‐thermal food processing/preservation methods interest food and food packaging scientists, manufacturers and consumers because they exert a minimal impact on the nutritional and sensory properties of foods, and extend shelf life by inhibiting or killing microorganisms. They are also considered to be more energy efficient and to preserve better quality attributes than conventional thermally based processes. Non‐thermal processes also meet industry needs by offering value‐added products, new market opportunities and added safety margins. This study reviewed non‐thermal processing technologies currently available or developmental for the inactivation of microorganisms and thus microbiological shelf life in foods, and to identify packaging interactions that might result. Processes include ultra‐high pressure, ionizing radiation, pulsed X‐ray, ultrasound, pulsed light and pulsed electric fields, high‐voltage arc discharge, magnetic fields, dense phase carbon dioxide and hurdle technologies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic Whole Genome Amplification Device for Single Cell Sequencing (2014)

We developed a microfluidic device to perform multiplex single-cell whole-genome amplification (WGA) using multiple annealing and looping-based amplification cycles (MALBAC). This device, made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), allows us to monitor the whole process of cell loading and single-cell WGA for sequencing. We show that the genome coverage of MALBAC amplifications is reproducible between chambers on a single chip and between different chips, which enables data normalization using standard samples to accurately identify copy number variations (CNVs). This device provides an easy-to-operate approach to perform single cell sequencing library preparation with minimum hands-on time. It reduces the requirement of manual expertise as well as the risk of contamination, which is essential in future applications especially the medical diagnosis.
ICC Color Management and CIECAM02 (2005)

The International Color Consortium (ICC) has developed and refined a comprehensive and rigorous system for managing color. The CIE technical committee 8-01 has proposed a color appearance model for imaging applications. This paper describes issues that have to be considered when the CIECAM02 color appearance model is used within the framework of the ICC color management system. They concern decisions about the purpose of using CIECAM02, the selection of appropriate viewing condition parameters, and methods how to deal with the fact that a subset of ICC PCS Lab encoding values are transformed into invalid CIECAM02 values. The proposed solution is to perform a pre-clipping to the boundary of a 3D gamut, which is based on an extended spectral locus and contains most real color world colors, before using CIECAM02. This paper might be a useful reference for researchers and developers, who want to utilize CIECAM02 for generating ICC profiles.
Sepsis Enhances Epithelial Permeability with Stretch in an Actin Dependent Manner (2012)

Ventilation of septic patients often leads to the development of edema and impaired gas exchange. We hypothesized that septic alveolar epithelial monolayers would experience stretch-induced barrier dysfunction at a lower magnitude of stretch than healthy alveolar epithelial monolayers. Alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from rats 24 hours after cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP) or sham surgery. Following a 5-day culture period, monolayers were cyclically stretched for 0, 10, or 60 minutes to a magnitude of 12% or 25% change in surface area (ΔSA). Barrier function, MAPk and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, tight junction (TJ) protein expression and actin cytoskeletal organization were examined after stretch. Significant increases in epithelial permeability were observed only in 2CLP monolayers at the 12% ΔSA stretch level, and in both 2CLP and sham monolayers at the 25% ΔSA stretch level. Increased permeability in 2CLP monolayers was not associated with MAPk signaling or alterations in expression of TJ proteins. 2CLP monolayers had fewer actin stress fibers before stretch, a more robust stretch-induced actin redistribution, and reduced phosphorylated MLCK than sham monolayers. Jasplakinolide stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton in 2CLP monolayers prevented significant increases in permeability following 60 minutes of stretch to 12% ΔSA. We concluded that septic alveolar epithelial monolayers are more susceptible to stretch-induced barrier dysfunction than healthy monolayers due to actin reorganization.
Antenna Miniaturization and Bandwidth Enhancement Using a Reactive Impedance Substrate (2004)

The concept of a novel reactive impedance surface (RIS) as a substrate for planar antennas, that can miniaturize the size and significantly enhance both the bandwidth and the radiation characteristics of an antenna is introduced. Using the exact image formulation for the fields of elementary sources above impedance surfaces, it is shown that a purely reactive impedance plane with a specific surface reactance can minimize the interaction between the elementary source and its image in the RIS substrate. An RIS can be tuned anywhere between perfectly electric and magnetic conductor (PEC and PMC) surfaces offering a property to achieve the optimal bandwidth and miniaturization factor. It is demonstrated that RIS can provide performance superior to PMC when used as substrate for antennas. The RIS substrate is designed utilizing two-dimensional periodic printed metallic patches on a metal-backed high dielectric material. A simplified circuit model describing the physical phenomenon of the periodic surface is developed for simple analysis and design of the RIS substrate. Also a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) full-wave analysis in conjunction with periodic boundary conditions and perfectly matched layer walls is applied to provide comprehensive study and analysis of complex antennas on such substrates. Examples of different planar antennas including dipole and patch antennas on RIS are considered, and their characteristics are compared with those obtained from the same antennas over PEC and PMC. The simulations compare very well with measured results obtained from a prototype /spl lambda//10 miniaturized patch antenna fabricated on an RIS substrate. This antenna shows measured relative bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency of BW=6.7, G=4.5 dBi, and e/sub r/=90, respectively, which constitutes the highest bandwidth, gain, and efficiency for such a small size thin planar antenna.
A Biotin-Regulated Locus, <i>bioS</i>, in a Possible Survival Operon of <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> (1997)

A novel biotin-inducible DNA locus, bioS, was found in Rhizobium meliloti 1021 by mutation with a transposable promoter probe. The promoterless nptII reporter responded to 40 nM biotin with a sixfold increase in NPTII protein. Stationary-phase mutant cells accumulated 50% more 14C-biotin than corresponding wild-type cells. The prototrophic mutant competed equally with the wild type in biotin-free medium but poorly when 40 nM biotin was present. The 588-bp bioS is located among three genes showing homology to survival operons of other bacteria, and it may be part of a system that R. meliloti uses to respond to plant biotin signals.
Kallikrein Activates Prothrombin (2007)

Kallikrein is a multitalented enzyme in hemostasis and inflammation. Normally, kallikrein is formed in intrinsic hemostasis and activates factor XII. A total of 10 microL of 0 to 100 microg/mL human plasma kallikrein in 6% human albumin-PBS were incubated with 90 microL 111.1 microg/mL prothrombin in 6% human albumin in absence and presence of 23 mM Ca(++). After 0 to 64 minutes (37 degrees C), 100 microL of 2.5 M arginine, pH 9, were added. Fifty microliters of 0.72 mM HD-CHG-Ala-Arg-pNA in 1.36 M arginine were added and increase in absorbance at 405 nm was determined. Within 8 minutes (37 degrees C), 1 microg/mL kallikrein, ie, 2.5% of the normal plasmatic prekallikrein concentration, generates approximately 3 mIU/mL thrombin in absence and 27 mIU/mL thrombin in presence of Ca(++). Kallikrein can directly activate prothrombin; there is a shortcut in the intrinsic hemostasis system that generates catalytic amounts of thrombin without following the known intrinsic clotting pathway.
<title>Sensitivity limits of laser intracavity spectroscopy</title> (1993)

Intracavity laser spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques for absorption measurements. The main feature of this technique is that the narrow line absorber is placed in the cavity of a laser with large homogeneously broadened gain. Laser gain compensates only broadband cavity loss, such as mirror transmission, but is not affected by narrow line intracavity absorption (ICA). The laser light passes through the absorber many times and ICA is accumulated in its spectrum like in a multipass cell. The ultimate sensitivity of the emission spectrum of a multimode laser to ICA is limited by the laser pulse duration, nonlinear mode coupling, or by quantum noise. Multimode lasers which have been applied to ICA measurements, such as dye lasers, solid state lasers, and diode lasers show different sensitivity limits. These limits are determined by specific laser parameters and can be optimized individually for each laser. The highest sensitivity limit, 3 x 10 exp -10/cm, has been achieved with CW dye lasers so far. It is determined by nonlinear coupling of laser modes in the gain media. Quantum-limited sensitivity of this laser, which corresponds to 10 exp -12/cm, allows the measurement of the absorption of single atoms in the cavity.
Removal of Heat-Generating Nuclides from High-Level Liquid Wastes through Mixed Zeolite Columns. (1993)

Abstract The simultaneous removal of heat-generating nuclides Cs and Sr from high-level liquid wastes was achieved through columns packed with mixed zeolites of ferrierite (F) and zeolite A (A). A simulated waste solution was efficiently denitrated with formic acid up to pH 6.5–8.3 in the region of the initial molar ratio of [HCOOH]/[HNO3] from 2.3 to 2.7. Large portions of multivalent nuclides including lanthanoids and actinoids were filtered off as precipitates in this pH region. Both Cs and Sr remaining in the filtrate were then completely removed by passing through the column packed with mixed zeolites. Break points for a column with an appropriate mixing ratio of A: F=2:3 were found to be 12.6 bed volumes (BV) for Cs and 11.0 BV for Sr; the amounts of Cs and Sr adsorbed were estimated to be 0.28 and 0.12mmol/g, respectively. The mixed zeolites adsorbing Cs and Sr were readily converted into a solid form by calcination at 1,200°C.