gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-million-pixel SOI diode uncooled IRFPA with 15&amp;mu;m pixel pitch (2012)

We report the development of a 2-million-pixel, that is, a 2000 x 1000 array format, SOI diode uncooled IRFPA with 15 μm pixel pitch. The combination of the shrinkable 2-in-1 SOI diode pixel technology, which we proposed last year [1], and the uncooled IRFPA stitching technology has successfully achieved a 2-million-pixel array format. The chip size is 40.30 mm x 24.75 mm. Ten-series diodes are arranged in a 15 μm pixel. In spite of the increase to 2-million-pixels, a frame rate of 30 Hz, which is the same frame rate as our former generation (25 μm pixel pitch) VGA IRFPA, can be supported by the adoption of readout circuits with four outputs. NETDs are designed to be 60 mK (f/1.0, 15 Hz) and 84 mK (f/1.0, 30 Hz), respectively and a τ<sub>th</sub> is designed to be 12 msec. We performed the fabrication of the 2-million-pixel SOI diode uncooled IRFPAs with 15 μm pixel pitch, and confirmed favorable diode pixel characteristics and IRFPA operation where the evaluated NETD and τ<sub>th</sub> were 65 mK (f/1.0, 15 Hz) and 12 msec, respectively.
Simple design for UP/DOWN Gray-code counters (1971)

A simple design for a presettable UP/DOWN Gray-code counter is described. The design is such that the logic requirements for the UP mode are identical to those for the DOWN mode, a single AND/OR gate being the only addition to the entire counter. Furthermore, since the logic between any two consecutive stages remains unaltered, the counter can be readily extended for larger numbers of bits. A typical application of the UP/DOWN feature is in Gray-code addition/subtraction.
Subnormothermic machine perfusion for preservation of porcine kidneys in a donation after circulatory death model (2014)

Machine perfusion for preservation led to compelling success for the outcome of renal transplantation. Further refinements of methods to decrease preservation injury remain an issue of high interest. This study investigates functional and morphological aspects of kidneys preserved by subnormothermic (20 °C) machine perfusion (SNTM) compared with oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMPox) and cold storage (CS) in a donation after circulatory death (DCD) model. After 30 min of warm ischaemia, porcine kidneys were randomly assigned to preservation for 7 h by CS, HMPox or SNTM. Afterwards, kidneys were reperfused for 2 h with autologous blood in vitro for assessment of function and integrity. Application of SNTM for preservation led to significantly higher blood flow and urine output compared with both other groups. SNTM led to a twofold increased creatinine clearance compared with HMPox and 10-fold increased creatinine clearance compared with CS. Structural integrity was best preserved by SNTM. In conclusion, this is the first study on SNTM for kidneys from DCD donors. SNTM seems to be a promising preservation method with the potential to improve functional parameters of kidneys during reperfusion.
Flow Properties of Chickpea Proteins (1998)

ABSTRACT Flow properties of aqueous chickpea protein dispersions were investigated. The dispersions had Newtonian flow behavior at concentrations up to 4%. Flow behavior became progressively less Newtonian as concentration increased above 4%. The apparent viscosity of the dispersions was pH and concentration dependent, being higher at the protein's most soluble pHs (pH 2 and 9) and lower at the isoelectric point (pH 4–5). Within the investigated temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 55°C), power law constants were unchanged up to 35°C but the flow behavior became non‐Newtonian at 55°C. Denaturation by urea and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) increased the consistency index (m), casson yield stress and apparent viscosities, and the flow became more pseudoplastic with a decrease in the flow index (n).
Microbial enzymes for the recycling of recalcitrant petroleum‐based plastics: how far are we? (2017)

Petroleum-based plastics have replaced many natural materials in their former applications. With their excellent properties, they have found widespread uses in almost every area of human life. However, the high recalcitrance of many synthetic plastics results in their long persistence in the environment, and the growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and in the oceans has become a global concern. In recent years, a number of microbial enzymes capable of modifying or degrading recalcitrant synthetic polymers have been identified. They are emerging as candidates for the development of biocatalytic plastic recycling processes, by which valuable raw materials can be recovered in an environmentally sustainable way. This review is focused on microbial biocatalysts involved in the degradation of the synthetic plastics polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Recent progress in the application of polyester hydrolases for the recovery of PET building blocks and challenges for the application of these enzymes in alternative plastic waste recycling processes will be discussed.
Testing and Operation of Ball Bearings Submerged in Liquefied Gases (1959)

The demand for large quantities of liquefied gases has necessitated the development of liquefaction turbines and pumping systems. These developments have required studies of bearings and bearing materials suitable for operation in liquid hydrogen and other liquefied gases. The apparatus used to measure frictional torque, wear, and to make life tests on bearings submerged in liquefied gases is described. The information concerning ball bearings obtained from this equipment and some bearing information obtained from an apparatus designed to make basic pump studies is presented. Frictional torque data, wear data, and pictures showing a few of the test ball bearings are included.
Arene 1,4-Diradical Formation from o-Dialkynylarenes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArene 1,4-Diradical Formation from o-DialkynylarenesM. F. Semmelhack, Thomas Neu, and Francisco FoubeloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 17, 5038–5047Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00096a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views890Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Two Immunoregulatory Peptides with Antioxidant Activity from Tick Salivary Glands (2010)

Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that may secrete immunosuppressant molecules, which inhibit host inflammatory and immune responses and provide survival advantages to pathogens at tick bleeding sites in hosts. In the current work, two families of immunoregulatory peptides, hyalomin-A and -B, were first identified from salivary glands of hard tick Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum. Three copies of hyalomin-A are encoded by an identical gene and released from the same protein precursor. Both hyalomin-A and -B can exert significant anti-inflammatory functions, either by directly inhibiting host secretion of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemotectic protein-1, and interferon-gamma or by indirectly increasing the secretion of immunosuppressant cytokine of interleukin-10. Hyalomin-A and -B were both found to potently scavenge free radical in vitro in a rapid manner and inhibited adjuvant-induced inflammation in mouse models in vivo. The JNK/SAPK subgroup of the MAPK signaling pathway was involved in such immunoregulatory functions of hyalomin-A and -B. These results showed that immunoregulatory peptides of tick salivary glands suppress host inflammatory response by modulating cytokine secretion and detoxifying reactive oxygen species.
Binding of Ribosome Recycling Factor to Ribosomes, Comparison with tRNA (2002)

The prokaryotic post-termination ribosomal complex is disassembled by ribosome recycling factor (RRF) and elongation factor G. Because of the structural similarity of RRF and tRNA, we compared the biochemical characteristics of RRF binding to ribosomes with that of tRNA. Unesterified tRNA inhibited the disassembly of the post-termination complex in a competitive manner with RRF, suggesting that RRF binds to the A-site. Approximately one molecule of ribosome-bound RRF was detected after isolation of the RRF-ribosome complex. RRF and unesterified tRNA similarly inhibited the binding of N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA to the P-site of non-programmed but not programmed ribosomes. Under the conditions in which unesterified tRNA binds to both the P- and E-sites of non-programmed ribosomes, RRF inhibited 50% of the tRNA binding, suggesting that RRF does not bind to the E-site. The results are consistent with the notion that a single RRF binds to the A- and P-sites in a somewhat analogous manner to the A/P-site bound peptidyl tRNA. The binding of RRF and tRNA to ribosomes was influenced by Mg(2+) and NH(4)(+) ions in a similar manner.
Influence of the respiratory cycle structure on the flow field in human nasal cavity at a fixed level of breath depth (2016)

The evolution of air flow field in the human nasal cavity has studied during the respiratory cycle. Real tomographic scans of the adult without abnormalities in the upper airway have been used to construct the geometric model. Quiet breathing mode is selected: the duration of the respiratory cycle is 4.3 sec and the depth of breathing is 600 ml, which provides pulmonary ventilation at 8.4 liters of air per minute. The system of Navier - Stokes equations was used to describe the flow. Laminar flow regime was postulated. The Lagrange approach was used for calculation of submicron particles motion. The numerical solution was built on the basis of gas-dynamic solver FLUENT of software package ANSYS 12. Calculations were made for two cases in which the same value of the integral characteristic (the depth of breathing) was reached, but which had different kind of boundary conditions on the exit. In the first case, the velocity was assumed symmetrical with respect to inhalation - exhalation and was approximated by sinusoid. In the second case, the velocity as a function of time is determined by processing of the real person spirogram. For the both variants the flow fields were obtained and compared. Analysis of the results showed that in non-stationary case the use of symmetric boundary condition leads to an underestimation of respiratory effort for the implementation of the required depth of breathing. In cyclic flow the flow fields in acceleration and deceleration phases are, basically, the same as in the corresponding steady flow. At the same time taking into account of non-symmetry of respiratory cycle influences on deposition pattern of particles significantly.
Serum Soluble CD8 Concentration Is an Indicator of Disease Activity in Patients with Graves' Disease (1994)

Cell-mediated immunity is important in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Activation of T cells is apparently associated with the release of soluble CD8 (sCD8) and CD4 (sCD4) molecules from the corresponding T cell subset. To test the possibility that the concentrations of these molecules may be related to Graves' disease activity, we measured serum sCD8 and sCD4 concentration in 58 Graves' patients using ELISA technique before and after treatment with methimazole as well as in 10 patients with toxic nodular goiter. sCD8 was significantly elevated in thyrotoxic patients [609.9 +/- 118 (SD) U/ml] compared to controls (264.1 +/- 98.8, p < 0.001) and normalized when patients became euthyroid as a result of methimazole treatment (278.7 +/- 89.1). The mean sCD8 concentration in the patients with toxic nodular goiter was 302 +/- 28 U/ml, no different from control. The sCD4 level in the Graves' disease group was not different from control values and did not change significantly with treatment. Correlations were found between the levels of serum thyroid hormone(s) and sCD8 concentration but not with anti-TSH receptor antibodies in the 50 patients with Graves' disease. In addition, serum sCD8 studied prospectively in eight patients after discontinuation of methimazole, increased before the rise in serum T4, and well before the clinical relapse of thyrotoxicosis. It is concluded that sCD8 is a useful marker for the activation of CD8+ cells in Graves' disease.
Resolution of the enantiomers of drugs containing amino alcohol structure after derivatization with bromoacetic acid (1992)

Abstract The separation of the enantiomers of drugs containing an amino alcohol structure like adrenergic drugs or β‐blockers is described. The compounds are resolved on chiral ligand‐exchange chromatography phases after derivatization with bromoacetic acid. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soft-switched single-switch three-phase rectifier with power factor correction (2002)

Novel, zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) and zero-current-transition (ZCT) topologies of the single-switch three-phase boost power factor correction rectifier are proposed. The soft transition is achieved with a low-power auxiliary circuit employing an additional switch. The ZVT circuit is suitable for MOSFETs operating above 100 kHz, while the ZCT circuit can be used with IGBTs up to 50 kHz. Operation of the ZCT topologies is analyzed in detail and design guidelines are provided, The results are verified on a 4 kW, 50 kHz, experimental ZCT rectifier with IGBTs. Total harmonic distortion below 9% and efficiency above 95% were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and Characterization of ZnS, CdS and HgS/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites (2014)

The synthesis and characterization of ZnS/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)), CdS/PMMA and HgS/PMMA nanocomposites are presented. Hexadecylamine (HDA)-capped ZnS, CdS and HgS nanoparticles were synthesized using dithiocarbamate single molecule precursors at 180 °C. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra measurement confirmed the dispersion of the metal sulfide nanoparticles in the PMMA matrices to form the metal sulfides/PMMA nanocomposites. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of the amorphous PMMA in the nanocomposites. The ZnS and HgS particles were indexed to the cubic phase, while the HgS particles correspond to the hexagonal phase. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that the metal sulfide nanocomposites are thermally more stable than their corresponding precursor complexes. The TEM (Transmission electron microscope) analyses revealed that the ZnS nanoparticles have a particle size of 3–5 nm; the crystallite size of the CdS nanoparticles is 6–12 nm, and HgS nanoparticles are 6–12 nm.
Oxidative stress and cellular pathologies in Parkinson’s disease (2017)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The reason for the death of these neurons is unclear; however, studies have demonstrated the potential involvement of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, α-synuclein or dopamine levels in contributing to cellular oxidative stress as well as PD symptoms. Even though those papers had separately described the individual roles of each element leading to neurodegeneration, recent publications suggest that neurodegeneration is the product of various cellular interactions. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in mediating separate pathological events that together, ultimately result in cell death in PD. Understanding the multi-faceted relationships between these events, with oxidative stress as a common denominator underlying these processes, is needed for developing better therapeutic strategies.
Optimizing similarity using multi‐query relevance feedback (1998)

We propose a novel method for automatically adjusting parameters in ranked-output text retrieval systems to improve retrieval performance. A ranked-output text retrieval system implements a ranking function which orders documents, placing documents estimated to be more relevant to the user's query before less relevant ones. The system adjusts its parameters to maximize the match between the system's document ordering and a target ordering. The target ordering is typically given by user feedback on a set of sample queries, but is more generally any document preference relation. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by using it to estimate a similarity measure (scoring the relevance of documents to queries) in a vector space model of information retrieval. Experimental results using several collections indicate that the approach automatically finds a similarity measure which performs equivalently to or better than all “classic” similarity measures studied. It also performs within 1% of an estimated optimal measure (found by exhaustive sampling of the similarity measures). The method is compared to two alternative methods: A Perceptron learning rule motivated by Wong and Yao's (1990) Query Formulation method, and a Least Squared learning rule, motivated by Fuhr and Buckley's (1991) Probabilistic Learning approach. Though both alternatives have useful characteristics, we demonstrate empirically that neither can be used to estimate the parameters of the optimal similarity measure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interworking Between SIP/SDP and H.323 (2000)

There are currently two standards for signaling and control of Internet telephone calls, namely ITU-T Recommendation H.323 and the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). We describe how an interworking function (IWF) can allow SIP user agents to call H.323 terminals and vice versa. Our solution addresses user registration, call sequence mapping and session description. We also describe and compare various approaches for multi-party conferencing and call transfer.
Breaking through the Wall of Fear in the Arab World (1992)

Essay| January 01 1992 Breaking through the Wall of Fear in the Arab World Augustus Richard Norton Augustus Richard Norton Augustus Richard Norton is a professor of political science at the United States Military Academy. He is, with Muhammad Muslih, the coauthor of Rising Tides in the Middle East (New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1992); and, with Jerrold Green, the coauthor of Rulers under Siege: Middle East Politics in the 1990s (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, forthcoming). The views expressed in this article are those of the author and should not be construed to represent the policy or position of the United States government or any of its constituent institutions. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1992) 91 (561): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1992.91.561.37 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Augustus Richard Norton; Breaking through the Wall of Fear in the Arab World. Current History 1 January 1992; 91 (561): 37–41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1992.91.561.37 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1992 by The Regents of the University of California1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
MPTP as a Molecular Paradigm for Neurodegeneration. A Review of its Connections with Relevant Molecules (1996)

Abstract: The parkinsonian neurotoxin MPTP was reviewed with special interest in its structural features including close analogs and its biological connections with relevant molecules able to reverse or protect against its neurotoxic effects. Thus, some fifty efficient molecules displaying structural diversities and affinities towards a number of receptors with variable known implications in neurodegenerative diseases or in the neurotoxicity of MPTP, were highlighted.
<title>EAGLE: relay mirror technology development</title> (2002)

EAGLE (Evolutionary Air & Space Global Laser Engagement) is the proposed high power weapon system with a high power laser source, a relay mirror constellation, and the necessary ground and communications links. The relay mirror itself will be a satellite composed of two optically-coupled telescopes/mirrors used to redirect laser energy from ground, air, or space based laser sources to distant points on the earth or space. The receiver telescope captures the incoming energy, relays it through an optical system that cleans up the beam, then a separate transmitter telescope/mirror redirects the laser energy at the desired target. Not only is it a key component in extending the range of DoD's current laser weapon systems, it also enables ancillary missions. Furthermore, if the vacuum of space is utilized, then the atmospheric effects on the laser beam propagation will be greatly attenuated. Finally, several critical technologies are being developed to make the EAGLE/Relay Mirror concept a reality, and the Relay Mirror Technology Development Program was set up to address them. This paper will discuss each critical technology, the current state of the work, and the future implications of this program.
Effect of 5‐α‐reductase inhibition and dexamethasone administration on the growth characteristics and intratumor androgen levels of the human prostate cancer cell line PC‐3 (1994)

The endocrine treatment of metastatic prostate cancer includes castration which reliably lowers the serum testosterone (T); however, the effect on intratumor levels of T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is less predictable. In vitro work demonstrated that the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 had significant 5-a-reductase activity that could be inhibited with 17b-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-aza-5a-androstan-3-one (4MA). In this study, we examined the effect of 5-a-reductase inhibition with 4MA and androgen suppression with dexamethasone on the growth characteristics and intratumor androgen levels in the PC-3 cell line in male athymic nude mice (Balb/c). The mice were randomized into six treatment groups: 1) noncastrate vehicle control, 2) 4MA, 0.25 mg/day, 3) 4MA, 1 mg/day, 4) dexamethasone, 25 micrograms/day, 5) 4MA, 1 mg/day, and dexamethasone, 25 micrograms/day, and 6) castrate control group. After 21 days of treatment the animals were sacrificed, serum collected, and tumors harvested. Each treatment produced intratumor DHT levels equivalent to the castrate group. Only the low dose 4MA caused a reduction in intratumor DHT without producing castrate levels of circulating T. The combination of dexamethasone and 4MA was less effective in lowering the intratumor DHT/T ratio than 4MA alone. No significant differences in tumor growth parameters were noted between intact control animals and any of the treatment arms. Serum T levels correlated poorly with intratumor androgen levels. Five-a-reductase inhibition produced castrate levels of intratumor DHT in the nonandrogen-dependent prostate cancer cell line PC-3. The combination of dexamethasone and 5-a-reductase inhibition with 4MA appears to be less effective in lowering intratumor androgen levels than either therapy alone.