gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of O2 pressure during deposition on properties of rf-sputtered Sn-doped In2O3 films (1977)

The electrical and optical properties of rf-sputtered Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films have been found to depend strongly on the O2 partial pressure during deposition. For the sputtering conditions used, films with both low electrical resistivity (ρ ∼ 3 × 10−4 Ω cm) and high visible transmission (∼ 90%) were obtained only over a narrow range of O2 pressures, from 3 × 10−5 to 4 × 10−5 Torr. Our results appear to explain the difficulties that have previously been encountered in obtaining high-quality ITO films, and indicate that control of the O2 pressure during deposition is essential for reproducible preparation of such films.
Protocol design and throughput analysis for multi-user cognitive cooperative systems (2009)

This paper deals with protocol design for cognitive cooperative systems with many secondary users. In contrast with previous cognitive configurations, the channel model considered assumes a cluster of secondary users which perform both a sensing process for transmitting opportunities and can relay data for the primary user. Appropriate relaying improves the throughput of the primary users and can increase the transmission opportunities for the cognitive users. Based on different multi-access protocols, the schemes investigated enable relaying either between the primary user and a selected secondary user or between two selected secondary users. This collaboration can be a simple distributed multiple-input single-output transmission of the primary data or a simultaneous transmission of primary and secondary data using dirty-paper coding (DPC). The parametrization of DPC as well as its combination with opportunistic relay selection yields an interesting trade-off between the primary and the secondary performance which is investigated by theoretical and simulation results under the perspective of a desired primary throughput. The proposed protocols are studied from a networking point of view and the stable throughput for primary and secondary users is derived based on the principles of queueing theory.
Facial expression synthesis based on natural voice for virtual face-to-face communication with machine (2002)

Basic research to a virtual face-to-face communication environment between an operator and a machine is presented. In this system, a human natural face appears on the display of machine and can talk to a operator with natural voice and natural face expressions. A face expression synthesis scheme driven by natural voice is presented. Voice includes not only linguistic information but also emotional features. An expression control scheme driven by both features is proposed. A human head with a 3-D wire frame model is expressed. The surface model is generated by texture mapping with 2-D real image. All the motions and expressions are synthesized and controlled automatically by the movement of some feature points on the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preventing traffic analysis for real-time communication networks (2003)

We address issues related to preventing traffic analysis in computer networks used for real time mission-critical applications. We consider an IP-based network where headers of packets, including source host address and destination host address, are readable by an observer (i.e., by a potential enemy). Although the encryption of network packets significantly increases privacy, the density of the traffic can still provide useful information to the observer. We take an approach by manipulating traffic in the network through host-based rerouting and traffic padding so that the traffic shows a time-invariant pattern. Thus, the observer can not derive any useful information about the real traffic pattern. By evaluating the performance of the algorithms used for this problem in terms of acceptance rate and execution time, we found that some well-known theoretical optimal and near-optimal algorithms failed to meet one or the other criteria. We present a heuristic method that can effectively prevent traffic analysis while at the same time meeting real-time requirements. Our algorithm generates a plan that specifies where and when the dummy packets should be transmitted and if and how the payload packets should be rerouted and can yield high acceptance rate with low execution time. The success of the algorithm stems from the fact that it explicitly takes into account the real-time requirements and properly balances the traffic over the links.
Matched and mismatched pulse compression in medical ultrasound imaging (2002)

Pulse compression theory and techniques were developed originally for radar systems but could be carefully adopted for ultrasound-specific problems. In past ten years a considerable amount of research has been done in the area of mismatched filtering for the purpose of its application in ultrasound. However, in a similar way to radar systems for distributed targets, pulse compression has not achieved a success of penetration in commercially available systems.
Expression of Lewis<sup>b</sup>blood group antigen in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>does not interfere with bacterial adhesion property (2003)

The finding that some Helicobacter pylori strains express Lewis b (Le b ) blood group antigen casts a doubt on the role of Le b of human gastric epithelium being a receptor for H. pylori. The aim of this study was to determine if expression of Le b in H. pylori interferes with bacterial adhesion property.
Subreflector shaping to improve multiple-beam performance of a Cassegrain antenna (1987)

A method of designing multiple-beam antennas based on shaping the subreflector of an offset Cassegrain antenna is described. It is applied to a compact system having a diameter of 300λ that is required to produce beams up to 4-6°either side of boresight. The performance is shown to be only slightly less than that obtainable by also shaping the main reflector, indicating that efficient multiple-satellite-access antennas can be designed without specially shaped main reflectors.
Biomaterials and Biomedical Devices (1988)

This review discusses the factors important in the incorporation or integration of biomaterials and devices by tissue. Methods for surface modification and surface-sensitive techniques for analysis are cited. In vitro methods to evaluate the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain biomaterials and devices are presented. Present and future directions in neural prostheses, cardiovascular materials, blood or bone substitutes, controlled drug delivery, orthopedic prostheses, dental materials, artificial organs, plasma- and cytapheresis, and dialysis are discussed.
Fluorine effect on boron diffusion of p/sup +/ gate devices (MOSFETs) (2003)

A device characteristics instability in MOSFETs associated with fluorine incorporation in the p/sup +/-gate fabrication is reported. MOSFETs with BF/sub 2/ or boron-implanted polysilicon gates are fabricated identically except at gate implantation. A substantial shift and fluctuation in the threshold voltages of MOSFETs with BF/sub 2/-implanted gates are observed, even under moderate annealing conditions, while the boron-implanted gate devices still exhibits normal characteristics. The threshold voltage is found to shift more positively, and the subthreshold swing shifted to a large value as the fluorine concentration increased in the gate. The physical causes accounting for the threshold voltage shift are identified to be the fluorine-enhanced boron penetration and/or negative charge generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deuterium isotope effects in the fermentation of hexoses to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the methyl group of ethanol in an isotopic mirror fermentation experiment (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium isotope effects in the fermentation of hexoses to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the methyl group of ethanol in an isotopic mirror fermentation experimentWolfgang K. Saur, Daniel T. Peterson, E. A. Halevi, Henry L. Crespi, and Joseph J. KatzCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 10, 3537–3546Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00850a031https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00850a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On reducing both shift and capture power for scan-based testing (2008)

Power consumption in scan-based testing is a major concern nowadays. In this paper, we present a new X-filling technique to reduce both shift power and capture power during scan tests, namely LSC-filling. The basic idea is to use as few as possible X-bits to keep the capture power under the peak power limit of the circuit under test (CUT), while using the remaining X-bits to reduce the shift power to cut down the CUT's average power consumption during scan tests as much as possible. In addition, by carefully selecting the X-filling order, our X-filling technique is able to achieve lower capture power when compared to existing methods. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Multiple Solution Conformations of the Integrin‐Binding Cyclic Pentapeptide Cyclo(‐Ser‐<scp>d</scp>‐Leu‐Asp‐Val‐Pro‐) (1996)

The aqueous solution structure of the cyclic pentapeptide cyclo(-Ser-D-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-) has been determined by two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy, combined with a conformational search and distance-geometry calculations. As many as five conformers in slow exchange were observed, and the rate of interconversion between components was measured from the build-up rates of exchange peaks. NMR data allowed the structures of the two predominant conformers to be determined. The major component (66%) contained a cis-proline as part of a type-VIa2 beta-turn encompassing residues Asp-Val-cis-Pro-Ser. The second component (16%) contained only trans-amide bonds, and a type-VIII beta-turn formed by residues Val-Pro-Ser-D-Leu. These structures are discussed in relation to the (phi, psi), space available to the cyclic pentapeptide, determined by a conformational search, and in relation to previously published cyclic-pentapeptide structures. The molecule exhibits activity in a scintillation-proximity assay for the inhibition of the interaction between the integrin very-late antigen-4 (VLA-4; alpha 4 beta 1) and vascular-cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The structure/activity relationship of the LDV sequence is discussed and related to the recently published X-ray structure of VCAM-1. The relevance of the work to the design of anti-inflammatory drugs is discussed.
A Decision Analysis of Alternative Treatment Strategies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (1993)

Radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy may benefit selected groups of patients with localized prostate cancer, particularly younger patients with higher-grade tumors. However, our model shows that in most cases the potential benefits of therapy are small enough that the choice of therapy is sensitive to the patient's preferences for various outcomes and discounting. The choice of watchful waiting is a reasonable alternative to invasive treatment for many men with localized prostatic carcinoma.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> phenotypes can be predicted by using constraint-based analysis of a genome-scale reconstructed metabolic network (2003)

Full genome sequences of prokaryotic organisms have led to reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks and in silico computation of their integrated functions. The first genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for a eukaryotic cell, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, consisting of 1,175 metabolic reactions and 733 metabolites, has appeared. A constraint-based in silico analysis procedure was used to compute properties of the S. cerevisiae metabolic network. The computed number of ATP molecules produced per pair of electrons donated to the electron transport system (ETS) and energy-maintenance requirements were quantitatively in agreement with experimental results. Computed whole-cell functions of growth and metabolic by-product secretion in aerobic and anaerobic culture were consistent with experimental data, and thus mRNA expression profiles during metabolic shifts were computed. The computed consequences of gene knockouts on growth phenotypes were consistent with experimental observations. Thus, constraint-based analysis of a genome-scale metabolic network for the eukaryotic S. cerevisiae allows for computation of its integrated functions, producing in silico results that were consistent with observed phenotypic functions for approximately 70-80% of the conditions considered.
Introduction of Spectral Mapping through Transmission Grating, Derivative Technique of Photon Emission (2014)

Abstract By adding a transmission grating into the optical path of our photon emission system and after calibration, we have completed several failure analysis case studies. In some cases, additional information on the emission sites is provided, as well as understanding of the behavior of transistors that are associated to the fail site. The main application of the setup is used for finding and differentiating easily related emission spots without advance knowledge in light emission mechanisms in integrated circuits.
Multilocus DNA fingerprinting: The independence problem in quantitative paternity testing (1994)

A simulation study was performed in order to determine whether or not the assumption of independence, made in the quantitative analysis of multilocus DNA fingerprints, represents an inadmissible over-simplification. A total of 10,000 cases of true and false paternity, respectively, were simulated in twenty replicas of various genetic models. Log-likelihood ratios (paternity vs. non-paternity; LR) were calculated using published likelihood formulae and assuming position-wise independence. The resulting LR distributions were compared to (i) the results of a classical analysis of the underlying genotype data, and (ii) the distributions expected from the likelihood model employed in the LR calculations. Although considerable discrepancies were observed between these distributions, decision making about paternity appeared to be only marginally affected, especially when only a fraction of each multilocus DNA fingerprint was analyzed.
Silica‐Polymethacrylate Hybrid Particles Synthesized Using High‐Pressure Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2010)

Hybrid nanoparticles with a silica core and grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) chains were prepared via activators generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) at room temperature under high pressure. Due to enhanced propagation rate constant and reduced termination rate constant for polymerizations conducted under high pressure, the rate of polymerization was increased, while preserving good control over polymerization when compared to ATRP under ambient pressure. Molecular weights of greater than 1 million were obtained. The PMMA and PBMA brushes exhibited "semi-diluted" or "diluted" brush architecture with the highest grafting densities ≈0.3 chain·nm(-2).
Miniaturized antenna using half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide structure (2008)

Abstract An X‐band miniaturized antenna which uses half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide structure is designed. We analyzed the electromagnetic field using the cavity model and the electromotive force method. The input impedance, simulated and experimental results of return loss, resonant frequency, and radiation patterns are presented. Its performances are as same as those of the corresponding microstrip antenna, but its size is half of the microstrip antenna. This planar structure can be integrated on the same substrate with other components such as filter and amplifier, and it can also be used to easily form antenna arrays. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3214–3218, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23911
Molecularly Distinct Routes of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Are Activated Depending on the Activity of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) (2013)

The transfer of Ca(2+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane is an important physiological process linked to the regulation of metabolism, signal transduction, and cell death. While the definite molecular composition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake sites remains unknown, several proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane, that are likely to accomplish mitochondrial Ca(2+) fluxes, have been described: the novel uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, the leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. It is unclear whether these proteins contribute to one unique mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake pathway or establish distinct routes for mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration. In this study, we show that a modulation of Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum by inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmatic reticulum ATPase modifies cytosolic Ca(2+) signals and consequently switches mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake from an uncoupling protein 3- and mitochondrial calcium uniporter-dependent, but leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1-independent to a leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1- and mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated, but uncoupling protein 3-independent pathway. Thus, the activity of sarco/endoplasmatic reticulum ATPase is significant for the mode of mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration and determines which mitochondrial proteins might actually accomplish the transfer of Ca(2+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, our findings herein support the existence of distinct mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake routes that might be essential to ensure an efficient ion transfer into mitochondria despite heterogeneous cytosolic Ca(2+) rises.
9. Controlled Source Audio-Frequency Magnetotellurics (1991)

INTRODUCTION Controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) is a frequency-domain electromagnetic sounding technique which uses a fixed grounded dipole or horizontal loop as an artificial signal source. CSAMT is similar to the natural-source magnetotellurics (MT) and audio-frequency magnetotellurics (AMT) techniques; the chief differences center around the use of the artificial CSAMT signal source at a finite distance. The source provides a stable, dependable signal, resulting in higher-precision and more economical measurements than are usually obtainable with natural-source measurements in the same spectral bands. However, the controlled source can also complicate interpretation by adding source effects, and by placing certain logistical restrictions on the survey. In most practical field situations these drawbacks are not serious, and the method has proven particularly effective in mapping the top 2 to 3 km of the earth's crust.
Development of an Air-Stable Nickel Precatalyst for the Amination of Aryl Chlorides, Sulfamates, Mesylates, and Triflates (2013)

A new air-stable nickel precatalyst for C-N cross-coupling is reported. The developed catalyst system displays a greatly improved substrate scope for C-N bond formation to include both a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl electrophiles and aryl, heteroaryl, and alkylamines. The catalyst system is also compatible with a weak base, allowing the amination of substrates containing base-sensitive functional groups.
Methods for measuring performance of LCoS microdisplays (2001)

Abstract— Liquid‐crystal‐on‐silicon (LCoS) microdisplays have unique measurement requirements not shared by direct‐view flat‐panel displays. We developed a series of measurement techniques for measuring reflectance, contrast ratio, and uniformity of LCoS microdisplays. Reflectance is determined by comparing light reflected off of the microdisplay in its “white” state with that reflected off of a calibrated mirror. Several corrections are applied to take into account polarization differences between the reference measurement and display measurement. Contrast ratio is determined by measuring display reflectance in the “white” and “black” states. Reflectance and contrast data can be reduced to scalar values once the spectral content of the intended illumination source is defined. There are several methods for measuring uniformity of contrast and reflectance. An approach that we have developed closely follows the sampled uniformity measurements outlined by VESA for direct‐view displays (Ref. 1).
Multi-beam laser additive manufacturing (2013)

Today, Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) is typically performed using a single beam with power up to multiple-kilowatts. The associated high heat input and limited process control hampers tight manufacturing tolerances and the applicable material spectrum. This paper highlights the development of Multi-beam LAM technology to address the shortfalls of today’s technology and to broaden the applicability to many industries. Multi-beam LAM deploys several low power beams, each precisely controllable with a minimum heat input thus providing the capability to tailor the applied energy to the specific needs of the application. The single beams either work in parallel to scale productivity without sacrificing precision or in close proximity creating desired heat profiles. This new approach is scalable in productivity through multiplication and is expected to allow deposition of difficult to coat materials through tailored heat profiles. Advances are expected in near net shape manufacturing of complex structures with fine features and high dimensional accuracy. A compact prototype processing head for Multi-beam LAM was designed and built to investigate the capability of the new technology. The head incorporates latest high-brightness diode laser technology and a compact powder nozzle design. Two laser beams are being emitted, a stationary beam with fixed position on the work piece and a movable beam that can be positioned relative to the stationary beam. A very effective solution with high spatial resolution and fast actuation was developed for steering the movable laser beam. The movable beam cannot only be set to a fixed position but it can also be scanned at high frequencies. The power of both beams is individually controlled. Ongoing process investigations and future MB-LAM target specific applications for vehicles, jet engines and medical devices serving the automotive, aerospace, medical and defence sector. Initial results are being presented.