gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable Liquid Metal-Based Pressure Sensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Channel (2015)

Pressure measurement is considered one of the key parameters in microfluidic systems. It has been widely used in various fields, such as in biology and biomedical fields. The electrical measurement method is the most widely investigated; however, it is unsuitable for microfluidic systems because of a complicated fabrication process and difficult integration. Moreover, it is generally damaged by large deflection. This paper proposes a thin-film-based pressure sensor that is free from these limitations, using a liquid metal called galinstan. The proposed pressure sensor is easily integrated into a microfluidic system using soft lithography because galinstan exists in a liquid phase at room temperature. We investigated the characteristics of the proposed pressure sensor by calibrating for a pressure range from 0 to 230 kPa (R2 > 0.98) using deionized water. Furthermore, the viscosity of various fluid samples was measured for a shear-rate range of 30-1000 s(-1). The results of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were evaluated using a commercial viscometer and normalized difference was found to be less than 5.1% and 7.0%, respectively. The galinstan-based pressure sensor can be used in various microfluidic systems for long-term monitoring with high linearity, repeatability, and long-term stability.
Using deep learning to investigate the neuroimaging correlates of psychiatric and neurological disorders: Methods and applications (2017)

Deep learning (DL) is a family of machine learning methods that has gained considerable attention in the scientific community, breaking benchmark records in areas such as speech and visual recognition. DL differs from conventional machine learning methods by virtue of its ability to learn the optimal representation from the raw data through consecutive nonlinear transformations, achieving increasingly higher levels of abstraction and complexity. Given its ability to detect abstract and complex patterns, DL has been applied in neuroimaging studies of psychiatric and neurological disorders, which are characterised by subtle and diffuse alterations. Here we introduce the underlying concepts of DL and review studies that have used this approach to classify brain-based disorders. The results of these studies indicate that DL could be a powerful tool in the current search for biomarkers of psychiatric and neurologic disease. We conclude our review by discussing the main promises and challenges of using DL to elucidate brain-based disorders, as well as possible directions for future research.
Expression of <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> Superoxide Reductase in Arabidopsis Enhances Heat Tolerance    (2009)

Plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to environmental stresses sending signaling cues, which, if uncontrolled, result in cell death. Like other aerobic organisms, plants have ROS-scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), which removes superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-)) and prevents the production and buildup of toxic free radicals. However, increasing the expression of cytosolic SODs is complex, and increasing their production in vivo has proven to be challenging. To avoid problems with endogenous regulation of gene expression, we expressed a gene from the archaeal hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus that reduces O(2)(-). P. furiosus uses superoxide reductase (SOR) rather than SOD to remove superoxide. SOR is a thermostable enzyme that reduces O(2)(-) in a one-electron reduction without producing oxygen. We show that P. furiosus SOR can be produced as a functional enzyme in planta and that plants producing SOR have enhanced tolerance to heat, light, and chemically induced ROS. Stress tolerance in the SOR-producing plants correlates positively with a delayed increase in ROS-sensitive transcripts and a decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity. The SOR plants provide a good model system to study the impact of cytosolic ROS on downstream signaling in plant growth and development. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that this synthetic approach for reducing cytosolic ROS holds promise as a means for improving stress tolerance in crop plants.
Efficacy of Contrast-enhanced US and Magnetic Microbubbles Targeted to Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 for Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis (2011)

Use of a magnetic targeted microbubble system results in greater attachment to endothelial VCAM-1 in atherosclerotic aortas in conditions of high shear stress and improved detection of early inflammatory changes of atherosclerosis.
Three-dimensional subsurface microprocessing of collagen by ultrashort laser pulses (2001)

Submicron sized damage spots were created by multiphoton absorption of ultrashort 775 nm laser pulses in collagen gel stained with fluorescent dye. Submicron nodules were formed in the collagen both near the surface and at a depth of up to 30 μm. We have shown that large numbers of pulses at low pulse energy provide well-controlled sample damage restricted to a small focal volume. The damage threshold was dependent on dye concentration but not significantly dependent on the depth. This will be useful for experiments that study laser-induced damage in living biological samples on a cellular scale and deep within the specimen.
The cellular transcription factor SP1 and an unknown cellular protein are required to mediate Rep protein activation of the adeno-associated virus p19 promoter (1997)

Control of adeno-associated virus (AAV) transcription from the three AAV promoters (p5, p19, and p40) requires the adenovirus E1a protein and the AAV nonstructural (Rep) proteins. The Rep proteins have been shown to repress the AAV p5 promoter yet facilitate activation of the p19 and p40 promoters during a productive infection. To elucidate the mechanism of promoter regulation by the AAV Rep proteins, the cellular factors involved in mediating Rep activation of the p19 promoter were characterized. A series of protein-DNA binding experiments using extracts derived from uninfected HeLa cells was performed to identify cellular factors that bind to the p19 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, DNase I protection analyses, and UV cross-linking experiments demonstrated specific interactions with the cellular factor SP1 (or an SP1-like protein) at positions -50 and -130 relative to the start of p19 transcription. Additionally, an unknown cellular protein (cellular AAV activating protein [cAAP]) with an approximate molecular mass of 34 kDa was found to interact with a CArG-like element at position -140. Mutational analysis of the p19 promoter suggested that the SP1 site at -50 and the cAAP site at -140 were necessary to mediate Rep activation of p19. Antibody precipitation experiments demonstrated that Rep-SP1 protein complexes can exist in vivo. Although Rep was demonstrated to interact with p19 DNA directly, the affinity of Rep binding was much lower than that seen for the Rep binding elements within the terminal repeat and the p5 promoter. Furthermore, the interaction of purified Rep68 with the p19 promoter in vitro was negligible unless purified SP1 was also added to the reaction. Thus, the ability of Rep to transactivate the p19 promoter is likely to involve SP1-Rep protein contacts that facilitate Rep interaction with p19 DNA.
Investigation of Cation Degradation in Anion Exchange Membranes Using Multi-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (2013)

Low temperature anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane (AEM) based fuel cells and electrolyzers have been successfully shown to convert hydrogen and oxygen to electricity (and vice-versa) with high efficiencies and energy densities with non-precious group metals. However, a significant challenge to realizing these technologies is the poor alkaline stability of the AEMs. In this work, we present the results of our multi-faceted approach to better understand AEM degradation in alkaline media. Several two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques were applied to comprehensively elucidate cation degradation in polysulfone-based AEMs exposed to alkaline solutions. The 2D NMR tools utilized were: a) homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY), b) 1H-X (X = 13C or 31P) heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy (HMQC), and c) 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy (HMBC). Analysis of the 2D NMR spectra enabled precise identification of the degradation products for several different cation chemistries (quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, and phosphonium types). The observation of multiple degradation products highlighted the fact that the cation groups degraded through fundamentally different mechanisms. A clear understanding of the degradation mechanism is a critical requirement in the process of selecting or designing alternate cation chemistries for alkaline resilient AEMs.
G.729.1 RTP Payload Format Update: Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Support (2009)

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format to be used for the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) Recommendation G.729.1 audio codec. It adds Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) support to the RFC 4749 specification, in a backward-compatible way. An updated media type registration is included for this payload format.
SFOMC: A Successful Navy And Academic Partnership Providing Sustained Ocean Observation Capabilities in the Florida Straits (2003)

To succeed at developing a nationwide Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), stakeholders in academia, government, and industry must forge and maintain strategic partnerships. The South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) is such a partnership model and mutually beneficial collaboration that is conducting year-in and year-out major at-sea operations, sustaining the operation of a complex array of sub sea sensors, and providing the maintenance and the shore-based infrastructure to support both. The transformation of a longstanding, narrowly focused, and somewhat antiquated (but highly capable) Navy test and evaluation facility is described. Formerly plagued with a decreasing customer base and increasing operational costs, the Center's transformation into this now fully integrated coalition has mitigated these forerunners of extinction while answering both Navy and academic needs. The successful partnership has resulted in modern facilities, a broad customer base, and steadily decreasing costs of operation. Examples are provided that demonstrate the ability of the Navy's South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) to realize user cost savings and to aid in the convergence of interest and capabilities among a variety of user groups toward the solution of problems of national concern, including naval research, homeland security, and environmental stewardship.
Low cost module and mounting systems developed through Evergreen Solar's PVMaT program (2002)

Under a PVMaT subcontract designed to lower photovoltaic module and systems costs, the authors have developed a novel backskin material to replace the more conventionally used Tedlar laminate. This backskin material allows for a frameless module construction and innovative mounting methods. This new backskin material shows an unusual capability to bond with metals, glass and other polymers. The material obviates the need for any other edge seal, and a completely formed module can be made directly in the laminator. A number of performance and reliability tests have been performed on modules made this way with very positive results. The new backskin, frameless module and innovative mounting method together result in estimated savings of $0.50/Watt.
Chemical Mutagenesis (1982)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Function of Fashion in Baudelaire's “Le Peintre De La Vie Moderne” (1863) (1984)

"The Function of Fashion in Baudelaire's “Le Peintre De La Vie Moderne” (1863)." Dress, 10(1), pp. 43–51
Platelet-activating factor is a downstream messenger of kainate-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary hippocampal neurons (1998)

Excitatory amino acids transduce physiological and pathological signals to neurons. Similarly, the neuroactive lipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in modulating long-term potentiation and neuronal survival. Excitatory amino acids and PAF have been shown to increase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in different cell types. Here, we have investigated the similarities and differences between PAF and kainate in activating MAP kinases in primary hippocampal neurons in vitro. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 kinases were activated by kainate or PAF in hippocampal neurons. This activation was blocked by the receptor antagonists CNQX and BN 50730 for kainate and PAF, respectively. The PAF receptor antagonist BN 50730 also blocked kainate activation. CNQX had no effect on PAF activation of the kinases, indicating that PAF is downstream of kainate activation. Coapplication of submaximal concentrations of PAF and kainate resulted in a less than additive activation, suggesting similar routes of activation by the two agonists. Both CNQX and BN 50730 blocked kainate-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that PAF and kainate activate similar kinase pathways. Therefore, PAF acts downstream of the kainate subtype of glutamate receptors, and when excessive receptor activation takes place, this bioactive lipid may contribute to neuronal cell death.
High-resolution diffusion MRI at 7T using a three-dimensional multi-slab acquisition (2016)

High-resolution diffusion MRI can provide the ability to resolve small brain structures, enabling investigations of detailed white matter architecture. A major challenge for in vivo high-resolution diffusion MRI is the low signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, we combine two highly compatible methods, ultra-high field and three-dimensional multi-slab acquisition to improve the SNR of high-resolution diffusion MRI. As each k<sub>z</sub> plane is encoded using a single-shot echo planar readout, scan speeds of the proposed technique are similar to the commonly used two-dimensional diffusion MRI. In-plane parallel acceleration is applied to reduce image distortions. To reduce the sensitivity of auto-calibration signal data to subject motion and respiration, several new adaptions of the fast low angle excitation echo-planar technique (FLEET) that are suitable for 3D multi-slab echo planar imaging are proposed and evaluated. A modified reconstruction scheme is proposed for auto-calibration with the most robust method, Slice-FLEET acquisition, to make it compatible with navigator correction of motion induced phase errors. Slab boundary artefacts are corrected using the nonlinear slab profile encoding method recently proposed by our group. In vivo results demonstrate that using 7T and three-dimensional multi-slab acquisition with improved auto-calibration signal acquisition and nonlinear slab boundary artefacts correction, high-quality diffusion MRI data with ~1mm isotropic resolution can be achieved.
Start-up behaviour of a neural network assisted decision feedback equaliser in a two-path channel (2003)

The performance characteristics of the neural network assisted decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) have been investigated by extensive simulations using a two-path channel model and 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation). The authors report some of the simulation results on the start-up behavior of the novel equalizer structure under distorted channel conditions. The results show that, especially in difficult channels, including both linear multipath and nonlinear distortions, the neutral network assisted DFE structures are superior to the traditional DFE with equal computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-scale impacts of hydroelectric development (1997)

The substantial size of some hydroelectric projects and the extensive total surface area covered by reservoirs globally require that research determining the impacts of these developments be done at ever-increasing spatial and temporal scales. As a consequence of this research, new views are emerging about the spatial extent and longevity of the environmental and social impacts of such developments. New findings challenge the notion of hydroelectric development as a benign alternative to other forms of power generation. This review examines the intertwined environmental and social effects of methylmercury bioaccumulation in the food web, emission of greenhouse gases from reservoirs, downstream effects of altered flows, and impacts on biodiversity, each of which operates at its own unique spatial and temporal scales. Methylmercury bioaccumulation occurs at the smallest spatial and temporal scales of the four impacts reviewed, whereas downstream effects usually occur at the largest scales. Greenhouse gas emissions, the newest surprise connected with large-scale hydroelectric development, are relatively short term but eventually may have important global-scale consequences. Limitation of biodiversity by hydroelectric development usually occurs at intermediate spatial and temporal scales. Knowledge developed from working at expanded spatial and temporal scales should be an important part of future decision making for large-scale hydroelectric development.
Evidence for <i>N</i>‐glycosylation and ubiquitination of the prolactin receptor expressed in a baculovirus‐insect cell system (1994)

The molecular mass of the rabbit prolactin receptor (rbPRLR) deduced from cDNA cloning is 66 kDa. However, the molecular mass of the full-length receptor expressed in the insect Sf9 cells was found to be 94 kDa. In order to explain this discrepancy, we analyzed the possible post-translational modifications of the PRLR. Sf9 cells were infected with recombinant baculoviruses in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation. Results showed that an additional approximately 9 kDa of the extracellular domain could be attributed to the N-glycosylation and another additional approximately 20 kDa covalent modification occurred in the cytoplasmic part of the receptor. Western blot analysis, using anti-ubiquitin antibodies, revealed that the rbPRLR was ubiquitinated in its cytoplasmic domain.
Multilayer ceramic integrated circuits (MCICs) technology and passive circuit design (2001)

Abstract: Greater integration of wireless communication transceiver functionality is a means of addressing the commercial viability of forthcoming architectures. Increasing functionality in reduced areas along with pressure to cut costs has forces hardware engineers to explore new packaging mediums that can satisfy the cost, size and performance demands. Multilayer and multichip integration techniques have been looked at in different formats, each having its own strengths and weaknesses. The integration of passive components into a monolithic package that can include multiple ASICs has been recognised as the most promising approach. In this paper we introduce the Multilayer Ceramic Integrated Circuit (MCIC) concept and address some of the design challenges that it presents to hardware designers. 1. Introduction. Higher levels of integration in subsystem functionality have led to research interest in advanced Integrated Circuit (IC) technologies. A wide range of Multi-Chip Module (MCM) technologies have been suggested in a bid to satisfy the demand for high performance, low cost, and small size systems. An approach that combines multiple ASICs/RFICs with high density interconnect and miniaturised
Chapitre IV. Les matériaux abrasifs utilisés à Chassey au Néolithique (2005)

La pétrographie de l’intégralité des matériaux lithiques grenus et abrasifs provenant des niveaux néolithiques des fouilles de la Redoute (niv. 10 à 5) a fait l’objet d’une détermination macroscopique, complétée par l’étude de lames minces réalisées sur échantillons représentatifs des différentes catégories identifiées (fig. 1 et 2). Les cent quatre-vingt-douze éléments lithiques se rapportent aux roches magmatiques, métamorphiques et sédimentaires de l’ensemble de la série géologique région...
Fatty acid and phospholipid chlorohydrins cause cell stress and endothelial adhesion. (2006)

The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to contribute to atherogenesis, which is an inflammatory disease involving activation of phagocytic cells. Myeloperoxidase, an enzyme which is able to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), is released from these phagocytic cells, and has been found in an active form in atherosclerotic plaques. HOCl can oxidize both the lipid and protein moiety of LDL, and HOCl-modified LDL has been found to be pro-inflammatory, although it is not known which component is responsible for this effect. As HOCl can oxidize lipids to give chlorohydrins, we hypothesized that phospholipid chlorohydrins might have toxic and pro-inflammatory effects. We have formed chlorohydrins from fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) and from phospholipids (stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, stearoyl-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine and stearoyl-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine), and investigated various biological effects of these oxidation products. Fatty acid and phospholipid chlorohydrins were found to deplete ATP levels in U937 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with significant effects observed at concentrations of 25 microM and above. Low concentrations (25 microM) of stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine and stearoyl-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine chlorohydrins were also found to increase caspase-3 activity. Finally, stearoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine chlorohydrin increased leukocyte adhesion to artery segments isolated from C57Bl/6 mice. These results demonstrate potentially harmful effects of lipid chlorohydrins, and suggest that they may contribute to some of the pro-inflammatory effects that HOCl-modified low density lipoprotein has been found to induce.
Deconstructing Cosmetic Virtual Goods Experiences in Dota 2 (2017)

Cosmetic items do not provide functional advantages in games, but, nevertheless, they play an important role in the overall player experience. Possessing predominantly socially-constructed dimensions of value, cosmetic items are chosen, discussed, assessed, and valuated in an ongoing iterative collaborative process by communities of players. In our study, we explore the case of Dota 2 and apply Topic Modeling to community-discussions data gathered from Reddit.com. We describe social experiences related to the valuation of cosmetic items in interaction and collision of various logics, including artificial scarcity, decomposition of visual effects, and connectedness to the game lore. Our findings connect the collective experience of players in the game and on online community platforms, suggesting that non-utility-based social value construction becomes an important part of game experience.