gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac chymase: pathophysiological role and therapeutic potential of chymase inhibitors (2005)

On release from cardiac mast cells, alpha-chymase converts angiotensin I (Ang I) to Ang II. In addition to Ang II formation, alpha-chymase is capable of activating TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta, forming endothelins consisting of 31 amino acids, degrading endothelin-1, altering lipid metabolism, and degrading the extracellular matrix. Under physiological conditions the role of chymase in the mast cells of the heart is uncertain. In pathological situations, chymase may be secreted and have important effects on the heart. Thus, in animal models of cardiomyopathy, pressure overload, and myocardial infarction, there are increases in both chymase mRNA levels and chymase activity in the heart. In human diseased heart homogenates, alterations in chymase activity have also been reported. These findings have raised the possibility that inhibition of chymase may have a role in the therapy of cardiac disease. The selective chymase inhibitors developed to date include TY-51076, SUN-C8257, BCEAB, NK320, and TEI-E548. These have yet to be tested in humans, but promising results have been obtained in animal models of myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and tachycardia-induced heart failure. It seems likely that orally active inhibitors of chymase could have a place in the treatment of cardiac diseases where injury-induced mast cell degranulation contributes to the pathology.
A Guide to the 1960-1971 Current Population Survey Files (1973)

<b>Objectives:</b> We aimed to examine social inequalities in participation in cervical cancer screening (CCS) in a metropolitan area by implementing a pilot organised screening programme. The pilot programme consisted of sending invitations to women who did not perform a pap smear within the past 3 years, managing interventions to reach vulnerable women, training healthcare professionals, and organising follow-ups of abnormal pap smears. <b>Methods:</b> We studied participation in CCS between January 2014 and December 2016 among 241,257 women aged 25-63 years old. To assess relative inequalities, Odds Ratios were computed using multilevel logistic regression. To assess absolute inequalities, the CCS coverage and the rate difference were calculated. Inequalities were computed by age and neighbourhood characteristics (social deprivation and proportion of single women). <b>Results:</b> Disparities in participation in CCS were observed by age and social deprivation. For overall screening compared to opportunistic screening, disparities by age were larger (OR25-35_vs._55-64 = 2.13 [2.08-2.19] compared to 2.02 [1.96-2.07]), but disparities by social deprivation were decreased (OR10%_most_vs._10%_least_deprived = 2.09 [1.90-2.30] compared to 2.22 [2.02-2.44]). <b>Conclusion:</b> Disparities in CCS participation remain despite the organised programme. To reduce these inequalities, free screening should be proposed and evaluated.
EXPANDING THE CAPABILITY OF A LABORATORY ULTRASONIC TESTING FACILITY (1973)

A REMOTELY LOCATED, MEDIUM-SIZE, MULTIUSER COMPUTER HAS BEEN INTERFACED TO A GENERAL PURPOSE ULTRA-SONIC TESTING FACILITY TO ACCUMULATE, ANALYZE, AND MANIPULATE DATA, AND PLOT THE RESULTS IN A MATTER OF MINUTES. DATA MAY BE TAKEN ON FLAT PLATES AND PRODUCTS OF REVOLUTION. UP TO FOUR AXES OF TRANSDUCER MOTION MAY BE CONTROLLED IN ORDER TO SCAN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES. THE RF WAVEFORM CAN BE DIGITIZED AND SENT TO THE COMPUTER FOR FOURIER ANALYSIS. IN ADDITION, INDIVIDUAL POINTS SUCH AS THOSE GENERATED BY A STANDARD MAY BE STORED. ANALYSIS ROUTINES INCLUDE DETERMINATION OF DATA WHICH EXCEEDS FIXED THRESHOLDS, SCALING OF DATA TO A CALIBRATION CURVE, DETERMINATION OF PEAK SIGNALS WHEN SCANNING OVER FLAWS, INTEGRATION OF DATA OVER FIXED LENGTHS TO SMOOTH NOISE, AND FOURIER ANALYSIS OF RF WAVEFORMS. THE EXPANDED CAPABILITY OF THE SYSTEM GIVES THE EXPERIMENTER NEW TOOLS WITH WHICH TO TACKLE NDT PROBLEMS. /AUTHOR/
Zirconium cyclosilicate: An oral sorbent for potassium, four decades in the making (2022)

HemoCleanse collaborated with Dr. John Sherman and Union Carbide in the 1980s to develop a cation exchanger with high selectivity for potassium and ammonium, for use in a wearable artificial kidney. Synthetic zeolites had unexpected solubility in this application but by 2000, UOP (a sister company of Union Carbide) had developed zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC). HemoCleanse performed early animal studies of SZC as an oral sorbent. These showed remarkable binding characteristics. HemoCleanse then obtained the license for SZC for medical applications, helped to form ZS Pharma, and collaborated in further animal studies and clinical trials. AstraZeneca purchased ZS Pharma in 2015, and SZC (Lokelma®) has now become an effective treatment for hyperkalemia in patients with kidney failure and cardiac conditions.
Understanding Optical Communications (1998)

If you need to understand the state-of-the-art in optical communications, this is the most complete, up-to-date technical overview available. Over the past 15 years, optical fiber has revolutionized wide area communications -- making possible the Internet as we know it. Now a second fiber revolution is underway. Advanced technologies such as Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) are adding even more capacity, and fiber is increasingly the media of choice in MANs, campuses, buildings, LANs -- soon, even homes. Now, discover the fundamental principles and components of optical communications, as well as the key interfaces and engineering challenges. Understand the roles of FDDI, Ethernet on Fiber, ESCON, Fibre Channel, SONET/SDH and ATM. Review key technical issues facing engineers as they extend fiber into new applications and markets -- and get an up-to-the-minute status report on WDM for LANs and MANs. Finally, preview the advanced R&D most likely to bear fruit: dark and spatial solitons, advanced fibers, plastic technologies, optical CDMA, TDM and packet networks, and more. Whether you're building optical systems or planning for them, this is the briefing you've been looking for.
Ionospheric Joule heating, fast flow channels, and magnetic field line topology for IMF B<sub>y</sub>‐dominant conditions: Observations and comparisons with predicted reconnection jet speeds (2012)

When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is dawnward or duskward, magnetic merging between the IMF and the geomagnetic field occurs near the cusp on the dayside flanks of the magnetosphere. While these periods are usually considered “quiet,” they can lead to intense localized energy deposition into the dayside ionosphere. We analyze two intervals during the geomagnetic storm on 24 August 2005: one with steady duskward IMF and one with steady dawnward IMF. Using outputs from the Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) and data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, we show that intense Joule heating exists on fast ionospheric flow channels which lie on open field lines. In addition, the flow channels on open field lines have large components in the sunward direction and therefore resist the bulk solar wind and magnetosheath flow. We compare observed velocities with predicted reconnection jet speeds using magnetosheath and cusp parameters from an MHD simulation. Results suggest that the fast ionospheric flow corresponds to portions of the reconnection jet populated by low‐density plasma. The importance of ionospheric conductance in determining the ionospheric flow is also discussed.
Immune response in the eye following epileptic seizures (2016)

Our results are the first evidence that epileptic seizures induce an immune response in the retina. It has a potential to become a novel non-invasive tool for detecting brain inflammation through the eyes.
Strong spin-orbit interaction and helical hole states in Ge/Si nanowires (2011)

We study theoretically the low-energy hole states of Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. The low-energy valence band is quasidegenerate, formed by two doublets of different orbital angular momenta, and can be controlled via the relative shell thickness and via external fields. We find that direct (dipolar) coupling to a moderate electric field leads to an unusually large spin-orbit interaction of Rashba type on the order of meV which gives rise to pronounced helical states enabling electrical spin control. The system allows for quantum dots and spin qubits with energy levels that can vary from nearly zero to several meV, depending on the relative shell thickness.
An Investigation of F/A-18 AMAD Gearbox Driveshaft Vibration (1997)

Abstract : The RAAF has experienced several failures of the input bearing of the F/A-18 AMAD (Aircraft Mounted Accessory Drive) gearbox. Two of these failures have resulted in in-flight fires. Measurements of input housing vibration showed very high vibration levels on some aircraft, apparenfly due to unbalance in the driveshaft assembly. Subsequent measurement of drive-shaft motion confirmed synchronous forward whirl of the driveshaft. The driveshaft system appears to operate below its first critical speed, but there are indications that the first critical speed may not be far above running speed. There is no evidence of significant driveshaft system resonances during the operating speed range of idle to full military power. The unbalance appears to result primarily from clearances in the AMAD gearbox input shaft assembly. These clearances will bring about an initial unbalance of the assembly much greater than specified component tolerances. Partial alleviation of the high vibration has been brought about by rotation of the 19E215-1 driveshaft relative to the input power take-off shaft assembly.
Oxonium salt alkylation of structurally and optically labile alcohols (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxonium salt alkylation of structurally and optically labile alcoholsMary Jo Diem, D. F. Burow, and James L. FryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 10, 1801–1802Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00430a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00430a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views818Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust nonlinear controller for turbocharged diesel engines (1998)

This paper addresses a problem of controlling diesel engines equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation valve. The presence of two actuators and nonlinear behavior of the system makes the problem difficult to handle using classical control designs. Instead, we employ a recently developed control Lyapunov function based design method that guarantees a robustness property interpretable as gain and phase margins. The controller has been tested in simulations and experimentally in the dynamometer test cell.
Approach to improving the toughness of TGMDA/DDS epoxy resin by blending with thermoplastic polymer powders (1995)

Abstract A series of hot‐melt processable thermosetting compositions was prepared by blending N,N,N′,N′‐tetraglycidyl‐4,4′ ‐diaminodiphenyl‐methane/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (TGMDA/DDS) epoxy resin and thermoplastic polymer powders with average particle size below 30 μm. The basic thermoplastic polymers were either a high T g amorphous cardo polyimide (T g =350°C) or commercial semicrystalline PA6 and PA12 polyamides. The resulting heterogeneous mixtures showed viscosity values below 5000 cps suitable for prepregging process. After cure, phase‐separated morphologies were maintained with a rather limited interphase miscibility as demonstrated by thermomechanical analysis. Scanning electron microscope examination of fracture surfaces pointed out a strong adhesion between the powder particles and the surrounding polyepoxy network, particularly for the potentially reactive polyamide structures. Moreover, as shown by differential scanning calorimeter analysis, the crystallinity ratio of the PA6 and PA12 powders was lowered due to melting during thermal polymerization. The fracture toughness properties of the powder‐containing materials were compared with those of a fully miscible cardo polyimide–TGMDA/DDS blend coming from an homogeneous resin composition. The best improvement in fracture energy was obtained for the powder‐modified resins. The most effective composition filled with 16 wt% of powdered polyimide exhibited a fourfold increase in G IC (388 J/m 2 versus 100 J/m 2 ) without compromising the epoxy thermomechanical stability (T g =227°C versus 223°C).
Thermal relaxation of the free layer anisotropy in spin valves (2001)

While the thermal stability of the pinned layer magnetization in spin valves (SVs) has been studied extensively, less attention has been paid to the stability of the free layer anisotropy. Control of this anisotropy is important since it contributes significantly to the sensitivity and magnetic stability of the device. The kinetics of anisotropy relaxation in SVs are studied through isothermal hard axis anneals at temperatures ranging from 120 °C to 200 °C. A general quantitative method is applied to extract the anisotropy in a complete SV in the presence of interlayer coupling and pinned layer rotation. For a free layer consisting of a Ni81Fe19/Co90Fe10 bilayer, it is found that the anisotropy relaxation is proportional to T ln(t/t1), i.e., linear in temperature T and logarithmic in time t. The characteristic onset time t1 is described by t1_0 exp(Ea/kT). These results are compared with previously reported data for single NiFe films.
Effects of Decision Support Systems Training and Cognitive Style on Decision Process Attributes (1986)

:Decision support systems (dss) are increasingly being utilized in decision-making situations. However, little is known about why some managers are able to use a dss effectively and others are not. While numerous factors could affect a manager’s use of a dss, this paper reports the results of an experiment designed to measure two of them: type of training received and cognitive style. A controlled laboratory experiment with pretest and posttest measures was conducted using 63 managers to determine how the type of training and the cognitive styles of managers affected their use of a dss generator. Analysis of the results shows that there is an interaction between cognitive style and type of training which affected the manager’s initial use of a dss generator. It appears that providing managers with the appropriate type of training should increase the chances for more effective dss usage.
Synthesis and Shape-Tailoring of Copper Sulfide/Indium Sulfide-Based Nanocrystals (2008)

Heterostructured Cu2S-In2S3 nanocrystals with various shapes and compositions were synthesized by a high-temperature precursor-injection method using the semiconductor nanocrystal Cu1.94S as a catalyst. The intrinsic cationic deficiencies formed at high temperature by Cu ions made the Cu1.94S nanocrystal a good candidate for catalyzing the nucleation and subsequent growth of In 2S3 nanocrystals, eventually leading to the formation of heterostructured Cu2S-In2S3 nanocrystals. Gelification of the reaction systems, which were composed of different types of nanocrystal precursors and solvent, was found to be a very effective measure for controlling the growth kinetics of the heterostructured particles. Consequently, matchsticklike Cu2S3-In2S3 heterostructured nanorods, teardroplike quasi-core/shell Cu2S@In2S3 nanocrystals, and pencil-like In2S3 nanorods were successfully obtained by manipulating the gelification of the reaction system; this formed a solid experimental basis for further discussion of the growth mechanisms for differently shaped and structured nanocrystals. By reaction with 1,10-phenanthroline, a reagent that strongly and selectively binds to Cu(+), a compositional transformation from binary matchsticklike Cu2S-In2S3 nanorods to pure In2S3 nanorods was successfully achieved.
Decoupling effect of stepped mesa structures on spurious vibrations of AT-cut quartz plates (2002)

This paper describes the theoretical analysis and experimental results of the stepped bi-mesa structures effect on the coupling of vibrations in AT-cut quartz plates. Since strong couplings of thickness-flexure modes are of interest, straight-crested waves propagating along the X-axis are treated. Results estimated from the mode chart of the stepped bi-mesa structure indicate that the coupling strength should decrease to about one-third that of a bi-mesa resonator. Experimental results agreed well with calculated results. Therefore it should be possible to further improve the characteristics of bi-mesa structures by using a stepped bi-mesa structure. Stepped plano-mesa structures are also discussed.
On the Suitability of LTE Air Interface for Reliable Low-Latency Applications (2019)

In this paper we study the potential of commercial Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks for supporting reliable low-latency applications. To this end, we use one-way end-to-end latency measurements of a commercial LTE network deployed in Vodafone R&D's Innovation Lab where we control the over-the-air traffic and air interface configuration. The experimental results show that the achievable latency and reliability is mainly limited by two features of the LTE radio system: the configured Discontinuous Reception (DRX) pattern and the Scheduling Request (SR) periodicity of the UE. The one-way latencies vary between 40 and 95 ms at the 99.9% percentile, depending on the inter-arrival time of the generated traffic. By disabling or applying less-restrictive DRX and SR patterns and using an aggressive uplink allocation technique, we show how the one-way latency performance improves significantly, e.g. as low as 7 ms with 99.9% probability regardless of the traffic characteristics. For cases where configuring the radio interface is not feasible, we show different options available at the application layer for improving the latency performance of the application. For instance, the application may frequently transmit small packets to reduce the probability of the UE going to DRX mode, or coordinate the message generation interval with the SR opportunities and DRX patterns of the underlying radio system.
Metallocene supported on porous and nonporous polyurethane particles for ethylene polymerization (2013)

Micrometer-sized spherical polyurethane supports with a narrow size distribution and adjustable porosity were synthesized via the nonaqueous emulsion polymerization technique. They can be directly used in metallocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization, preventing complex aggregation procedures that are typical for other organic and inorganic supports based on silica or latex particles. The reasonable catalytic activity and study of fragmentation behavior, using various optical techniques, demonstrates the potential applicability of the supports.
Structure and function of an iterative polyketide synthase thioesterase domain catalyzing Claisen cyclization in aflatoxin biosynthesis (2010)

Polyketide natural products possess diverse architectures and biological functions and share a subset of biosynthetic steps with fatty acid synthesis. The final transformation catalyzed by both polyketide synthases (PKSs) and fatty acid synthases is most often carried out by a thioesterase (TE). The synthetic versatility of TE domains in fungal nonreducing, iterative PKSs (NR-PKSs) has been shown to extend to Claisen cyclase (CLC) chemistry by catalyzing C-C ring closure reactions as opposed to thioester hydrolysis or O-C/N-C macrocyclization observed in previously reported TE structures. Catalysis of C-C bond formation as a product release mechanism dramatically expands the synthetic potential of PKSs, but how this activity was acquired has remained a mystery. We report the biochemical and structural analyses of the TE/CLC domain in polyketide synthase A, the multidomain PKS central to the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B(1), a potent environmental carcinogen. Mutagenesis experiments confirm the predicted identity of the catalytic triad and its role in catalyzing the final Claisen-type cyclization to the aflatoxin precursor, norsolorinic acid anthrone. The 1.7 A crystal structure displays an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold in the catalytic closed form with a distinct hydrophobic substrate-binding chamber. We propose that a key rotation of the substrate side chain coupled to a protein conformational change from the open to closed form spatially governs substrate positioning and C-C cyclization. The biochemical studies, the 1.7 A crystal structure of the TE/CLC domain, and intermediate modeling afford the first mechanistic insights into this widely distributed C-C bond-forming class of TEs.
Addition of Heterocycles to Conjugate Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: Difunctional Derivatives (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of Heterocycles to Conjugate Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: Difunctional DerivativesI. D. Webb and G. T. BorcherdtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 752–753Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Level Control System Design of the Nuclear Steam Generator for Robustness and Performance (2000)

The nuclear steam generator level control system is designed by robust control methods. The feedwater controller is designed by three methods of the H, the mixed weight sensitivity and the structured singular value. Then the controller located on the feedback loop of the level control system is designed. For the system performance, the controller of simple PID whose coefficients vary with the power is selected. The simulations show that the system has a good performance with proper stability margins.