gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Cell infiltration into a 3D electrospun fiber and hydrogel hybrid scaffold implanted in the brain</b> (2015)

Tissue engineering scaffolds are often designed without appropriate consideration for the translational potential of the material. Solid scaffolds implanted into central nervous system (CNS) tissue to promote regeneration may require tissue resection to accommodate implantation. Or alternatively, the solid scaffold may be cut or shaped to better fit an irregular injury geometry, but some features of the augmented scaffold may fail to integreate with surrounding tissue reducing regeneration potential. To create a biomaterial able to completely fill the irregular geometry of CNS injury and yet still provide sufficient cell migratory cues, an injectable, hybrid scaffold was created to present the physical architecture of electrospun fibers in an agarose/methylcellulose hydrogel. When injected into the rat striatum, infiltrating macrophages/microglia and resident astrocytes are able to locate the fibers and utilize their cues for migration into the hybrid matrix. Thus, hydrogels containing electrospun fibers may be an appropriate platform to encourage regeneration of the injured brain.
The Antenna Properties of Optical Heterodyne Receivers (1966)

An optical heterodyne receiver is, in effect, both a receiver and an antenna. As an antenna it has an effective aperture or capture cross section A(R)(Omega) for plane wave signals arriving from any direction Omega. The wavefront alignment between signal and local-oscillator (LO) beams required for effective optical heterodyning may be summarized in the "antenna theorem" integral integral A(R)(Omega)dOmega = [eta(2)/eta(2)/lambda(2) where the moments of the quantum efficiency eta are evaluated over the photosensitive surface. Thus, an optical heterodyne having effective aperture A(R) for signals arriving within a single main antenna lobe or field of view of solid angle Omega(R) is limited by the constraint A(R)Omega(R) approximately lambda(2). Optical elements placed in the signal and/or LO beam paths can vary the trade-off between A(R) and Omega(R) but cannot change their product. It is also noted that an optical heterodyne is an insensitive detector for thermal radiation, since a thermal source filling the receiver's field of view must have a temperature T approximately [In (1+eta )](-1) hf/k to be detected with S/N approximately 1. Optical heterodyning can be useful in practical situations, however, for detecting Doppler shifts in coherent light scattered by liquids, gases, or small particles. Another antenna theorem applicable to this problem says that in a scattering experiment the received power will be less than or approximately Nsigmalambda/4pi times the transmitted power, where N is the density of scatterers and sigma is the total scattering cross section of a single scatterer. The equality sign is obtained only when a single aperture serves as both transmitting and receiving aperture, or when two separate apertures are optimally focused at short range onto a common volume.
Determination of Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length (2005)

Telomerase is an enzyme that has been attracting much attention in recent years because its activities are so central to the processes of malignant transformation. It is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that can synthesize telomeric DNA using its own RNA component as a template. Without telomerase, telomeres will shorten until, at a critical length, cells enter senescence and die. The low level or absence of telomerase activity in most nonneoplastic tissues and somatic cells, and its presence in almost all malignant tumors is thus of great interest for potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications in the management of human cancer. It has been documented that high telomerase activity and short telomere length correlate with poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma, and antitelomerase therapy has become a novel therapeutic approach for the disease. Thus, determination of telomerase activity and telomere length is essential in the study of cancer. In this chapter, we provide a standard telomeric repeat amplification protocol for telomerase activity assay and a Southern blot terminal restriction fragment protocol for telomere length assay. We also discuss comparison with related assay methods.
Colonic hamartoma development by anomalous duplication in Cdx2 knockout mice. (1999)

To determine the biological role of caudal-like homeobox gene CDX2, we constructed knockout mice in which its mouse homologue Cdx2 was inactivated by homologous recombination, placing a bacterial lacZ gene under the control of the Cdx2 promoter. Although the homozygous mutants died in utero around implantation, the heterozygotes were viable and fertile and expressed lacZ in the caudal region in early embryos and in the gut tissues in adults. The heterozygotes developed cecal and colonic villi by anteriorization and formed hamartomatous polyps in the proximal colon. The hamartoma started to develop at 11.5 days of gestation as an outpocket of the gut epithelium, which ceased to express the remaining Cdx2 allele. The outpocket then expanded as a partially duplicated gut but was contained as a hamartoma after birth. In adult mice, these hamartomas grew very slowly and took a benign course. None of them progressed into invasive adenocarcinomas, even at 1.5 years of age. Whereas the cecal and colonic villi expressed lacZ, the hamartoma epithelium did not, nor did it express Cdx2 mRNA from the wild-type allele. However, genomic DNA analysis of the polyp epithelium did not show a loss of heterozygosity of the Cdx2 gene, suggesting a mechanism of biallelic Cdx2 inactivation other than loss of heterozygosity. These results indicate that the Cdx2 haploin-sufficiency caused cecal and colonic villi, whereas the biallelic inactivation of Cdx2 triggered anomalous duplications of the embryonic gut epithelium, which were contained as hamartomas after birth.
MotionAuth: Motion-based authentication for wrist worn smart devices (2015)

Wrist worn smart devices such as smart watches become increasingly popular. As those devices collect sensitive personal information, appropriate user authentication is necessary to prevent illegitimate accesses to those devices. However, the small form and function-based usage of those wearable devices pose a big challenge to authentication. In this paper, we study the efficacy of motion based authentication for smart wearable devices. We propose MotionAuth, a behavioral biometric authentication method, which uses a wrist worn device to collect a user's behavioral biometrics and verify the identity of the person wearing the device. MotionAuth builds a user's profile based on motion data collected from motion sensors during the training phase and applies the profile in validating the alleged user during the verification phase. We implement MotionAuth using Android platform and test its effectiveness with real world data collected in a user study involving 30 users. We tested four different gestures including simple, natural gestures. Our experimental results show that MotionAuth can achieve high accuracy (as low as 2.6% EER value) and that even simple, natural gestures such as raising/lowering an arm can be used to verify a person with pretty good accuracy.
Toward Realization of Deployment Variability for Software-as-a-Service Applications (2012)

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a delivery model whose basic idea is to provide applications to the customer on demand over the Internet. In contrast to similar but older approaches, SaaS promotes multi-tenancy as a tool to exploit economies of scale. This means that a single application instance serves multiple customers. On the one hand, however, a major throwback of SaaS is the customers' hesitation of sharing infrastructure, application code, or data with other tenants. On the other hand, tenants might specifically demand to share the same application code or data in order to be able to collaborate, e.g. joint product development or joint sales activities for their complementing products. In this paper an approach is presented which strives for enabling the customers to choose if or even with whom they want to share the application. The approach enables the customer to make that choice not just for the entire application but specifically for individual application components (AC). Thus, it is possible that a customer chooses to have their application deployed publicly (sharing the application with all other customers choosing this model) except for one or more ACs which handle very sensitive data. For these ACs, the customer may demand not to share at all, not to share with competitors, or even specifically name with which other customers they wish to share infrastructure.
Neuromodulation of lower limb motor control in restorative neurology (2012)

One consequence of central nervous system injury or disease is the impairment of neural control of movement, resulting in spasticity and paralysis. To enhance recovery, restorative neurology procedures modify altered, yet preserved nervous system function. This review focuses on functional electrical stimulation (FES) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) that utilize remaining capabilities of the distal apparatus of spinal cord, peripheral nerves and muscles in upper motor neuron dysfunctions. FES for the immediate generation of lower limb movement along with current rehabilitative techniques is reviewed. The potential of SCS for controlling spinal spasticity and enhancing lower limb function in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury is discussed. The necessity for precise electrode placement and appropriate stimulation parameter settings to achieve therapeutic specificity is elaborated. This will lead to our human work of epidural and transcutaneous stimulation targeting the lumbar spinal cord for enhancing motor functions in spinal cord injured people, supplemented by pertinent human research of other investigators. We conclude that the concept of restorative neurology recently received new appreciation by accumulated evidence for locomotor circuits residing in the human spinal cord. Technological and clinical advancements need to follow for a major impact on the functional recovery in individuals with severe damage to their motor system.
Prokaryotic adenylate cyclase toxin stimulates anterior pituitary cells in culture (1986)

Bordetella pertussis synthesizes a variety of virulence factors including a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (AC) toxin. Treatment of anterior pituitary cells with this AC toxin resulted in an increase in cellular cAMP levels that was associated with accelerated exocytosis of growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). The kinetics of release of these hormones, however, were markedly different; GH and prolactin were rapidly released, while LH and ACTH secretion was more gradually elevated. Neither dopamine agonists nor somatostatin changed the ability of AC toxin to generate cAMP (up to 2 h). Low concentrations of AC toxin amplified the secretory response to hypophysiotrophic hormones. We conclude that bacterial AC toxin can rapidly elevate cAMP levels in anterior pituitary cells and that it is this response that explains the subsequent acceleration of hormone release.
Gpx3-dependent responses against oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2008)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has defense mechanisms identical to higher eukaryotes. It offers the potential for genome-wide experimental approaches owing to its smaller genome size and the availability of the complete sequence. It therefore represents an ideal eukaryotic model for studying cellular redox control and oxidative stress responses. S. cerevisiae Yap1 is a well-known transcription factor that is required for H2O2-dependent stress responses. Yap1 is involved in various signaling pathways in an oxidative stress response. The Gpx3 (Orp1/PHGpx3) protein is one of the factors related to these signaling pathways. It plays the role of a transducer that transfers the hydroperoxide signal to Yap1. In this study, using extensive proteomic and bioinformatics analyses, the function of the Gpx3 protein in an adaptive response against oxidative stress was investigated in wild-type, gpx3-deletion mutant, and gpx3-deletion mutant overexpressing Gpx3 protein strains. We identified 30 proteins that are related to the Gpx3- dependent oxidative stress responses and 17 proteins that are changed in a Gpx3-dependent manner regardless of oxidative stress. As expected, H2O2-responsive Gpx3-dependent proteins include a number of antioxidants related with cell rescue and defense. In addition, they contain a variety of proteins related to energy and carbohydrate metabolism, transcription, and protein fate. Based upon the experimental results, it is suggested that Gpx3-dependent stress adaptive response includes the regulation of genes related to the capacity to detoxify oxidants and repair oxidative stress-induced damages affected by Yap1 as well as metabolism and protein fate independent from Yap1.
Efficient refreshment of materialized views with multiple sources (1999)

A data warehouse collects and maintains a large amount of data from multiple distributed and autonomous data sources. Often the data in it is stored in the form of materialized views in order to provide fast access to the integrated data. However, maintaining a certain level consistency of warehouse data with the source data is challenging in a distributed multiple source environment. Transactions containing multiple updates at one or more sources further complicate the consistency issue.
High Performance, Low Latency FPGA based Floating Point Adder and Multiplier Units in a Virtex 4 (2006)

Since the invention of FPGAs, the increase in their size and performance has allowed designers to use FPGAs for more complex designs. FPGAs are generally good at bit manipulations and fixed point arithmetics but has a harder time coping with floating point arithmetics. In this paper we describe methods used to construct high performance floating point components in a Virtex-4. We have constructed a floating point adder/subtracter and multiplier which we then used to construct a complex radix-2 butterfly. Our adder/subtracter can operate at a frequency of 361 MHz in a Virtex-4SX35 (speed grade -12)
spe-12 Encodes a Sperm Cell Surface Protein That Promotes Spermiogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans (1999)

During spermiogenesis, Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids activate and mature into crawling spermatozoa without synthesizing new proteins. Mutations in the spe-12 gene block spermatid activation, rendering normally self-fertile hermaphrodites sterile. Mutant males, however, are fertile. Surprisingly, when mutant hermaphrodites mate with a male, their self-spermatids activate and form functional spermatozoa, presumably due to contact with male seminal fluid. Here we show that, in addition to its essential role in normal activation of hermaphrodite-derived spermatids, SPE-12 also plays a supplementary but nonessential role in mating-induced activation. We have identified the spe-12 gene, which encodes a novel protein containing a single transmembrane domain. spe-12 mRNA is expressed in the sperm-producing germ line and the protein localizes to the spermatid cell surface. We propose that SPE-12 functions downstream of both hermaphrodite- and male-derived activation signals in a spermatid signaling pathway that initiates spermiogenesis.
Systematic Study of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>87</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>Clock Transition in an Optical Lattice (2006)

With ultracold 87Srconfined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, we present the most precise study (2.8 Hz statistical uncertainty) to date of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition with a detailed analysis of systematic shifts (19 Hz uncertainty) in the absolute frequency measurement of 429 228 004 229 869 Hz. The high resolution permits an investigation of the optical lattice motional sideband structure. The local oscillator for this optical atomic clock is a stable diode laser with its hertz-level linewidth characterized by an octave-spanning femtosecond frequency comb.
Benzannulated Re(<scp>i</scp>)–NHC complexes: synthesis, photophysical properties and antimicrobial activity (2017)

A series of novel Re(i)(CO)<sub>3</sub>-NHC complexes bearing unsubstituted benzimidazol-2-ylidene ligands as well as a variety of bisimine ligands has been prepared and comprehensively characterised. The complexes were found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity on Gram-positive bacterial strains in the low micromolar concentration range, rendering these compounds interesting lead structures for the development of novel metal-based antibiotic agents. Further, the complexes exhibit pronounced luminescence with large Stokes shifts in acetonitrile and water at ambient temperature. The photophysical properties including luminescence lifetimes and quantum yields are consistent with emission from <sup>3</sup>MLCT (d(Re) → π*(bisimine)) states.
Efficient Multidimensional Blocking for Link Discovery without losing Recall (2011)

Over the last three years, an increasing number of data providers have started to publish structured data according to the Linked Data principles on the Web. The resulting Web of Data currently consists of over 28 billion RDF triples. As the Web of Data grows, there is an increasing need for link discovery tools which scale to very large datasets. In record linkage, many partitioning methods have been proposed which substantially reduce the number of required entity comparisons. Unfortunately, most of these methods either lead to a decrease in recall or only work on metric spaces. We propose a novel blocking method called Multi-Block which uses a multidimensional index in which similar objects are located near each other. In each dimension the entities are indexed by a different property increasing the efficiency of the index significantly. In addition, it guarantees that no false dismissals can occur. Our approach works on complex link specifications which aggregate several different similarity measures. MultiBlock has been implemented as part of the Silk Link Discovery Framework. The evaluation shows a speedup factor of several 100 for large datasets compared to the full evaluation without losing recall.
Urease coupled ammonia electrode for urea determination in blood serum (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrease coupled ammonia electrode for urea determination in blood serumM. Mascini and G. G. GuilbaultCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 6, 795–798Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50014a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gaussian Processes:  A Method for Automatic QSAR Modeling of ADME Properties (2007)

In this article, we discuss the application of the Gaussian Process method for the prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. On the basis of a Bayesian probabilistic approach, the method is widely used in the field of machine learning but has rarely been applied in quantitative structure-activity relationship and ADME modeling. The method is suitable for modeling nonlinear relationships, does not require subjective determination of the model parameters, works for a large number of descriptors, and is inherently resistant to overtraining. The performance of Gaussian Processes compares well with and often exceeds that of artificial neural networks. Due to these features, the Gaussian Processes technique is eminently suitable for automatic model generation-one of the demands of modern drug discovery. Here, we describe the basic concept of the method in the context of regression problems and illustrate its application to the modeling of several ADME properties: blood-brain barrier, hERG inhibition, and aqueous solubility at pH 7.4. We also compare Gaussian Processes with other modeling techniques.
Spectral sensitivity of cones in an ungulate (1989)

Ungulates have been classified as having arrhythmic eyes in the sense that they contain features appropriate both to diurnal and nocturnal life. The former is typically associated with multiple classes of cones and a color-vision capacity. To see if an arrhythmic animal has these features, the number of cone classes was determined and the spectra of these cones were measured in a common ungulate, the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). Examination with electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry revealed the presence of two classes of cones in the pig's eye having average maximum sensitivity (lambda max) at 439 nm and 556 nm, respectively. This ungulate thus has the requisite retinal basis for dichromatic color vision.
Phospholipase A in Gram-negative bacteria and its role in pathogenesis (2006)

Phospholipase A (PLA) is one of the few enzymes present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and is likely to be involved in the membrane disruption processes that occur during host cell invasion. Both secreted and membrane-bound phospholipase A(2) activities have been described in bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Recently there have been increasing reports on the involvement of PLA in bacterial invasion and pathogenesis. This review highlights the latest findings on PLA as a virulence factor in Gram-negative bacteria.