gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic layer deposition ZnO:N flexible thin film transistors and the effects of bending on device properties (2011)

ZnO:N flexible thin film transistors were fabricated by atomic layer deposition on polyethylene naphthalate substrates and the effects of bending on the device properties investigated. The threshold voltage and saturation mobility were observed to change with respect to the amount of substrate bending. These modulations can be explained in terms of piezoelectric nature of in ZnO. In comparison with the previously reported single crystal nanowires ZnO field effect transistors, the amount of the electrical property modulation under bent condition is significantly reduced and our report shows a much improved stability for ZnO:N as a flexible device material.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Bcl-2 Levels in Advanced Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2006)

The characteristic changes in cancer process are assumed to be genetic alterations about the imbalance of cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. This study was conducted to determine the value of the circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Bcl-2 in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These serum factors were measured of 52 NSCLC patients pathologically verified on before and after chemotherapy in comparison with 16 healthy controls by using ELISA method. Both of the serum levels of VEGF (p = 0.015) and Bcl-2 (p < 0.001) were increased significantly in NSCLC patients compared with the healthy controls. No statistically significant relationships between investigated elevated serum parameters and various characteristics of patients and disease such as stage and tumor burden were determined. Likewise, we also found no correlation between serum VEGF and Bcl-2. Cytotoxic therapy of patients was accompanied by unchanged serum levels of serum factors. The median survival of all patients was 27 weeks and one-year survival rate was 22.4 percent. With the median serum levels as the cut-off value, patients were divided into high- and low-serum parameter groups. While we found that patients' performance status (p < 0.0001), serum LDH level (p = 0.0002), response to chemotherapy (p = 0.0023), and stage of the disease (p = 0.0085) were prognostic factors for survival, serum VEGF (p = 0.48) and Bcl-2 (p = 0.91) levels were determined as ineffective on survival in patients with advanced NSCLC. In conclusion, our data suggest that these serum factors, VEGF and Bcl-2, are useful diagnostic factors, not predictive and prognostic markers for overall survival in advanced NSCLC patients.
Discovering models of software processes from event-based data (1998)

Many software process methods and tools presuppose the existence of a formal model of a process. Unfortunately, developing a formal model for an on-going, complex process can be difficult, costly, and error prone. This presents a practical barrier to the adoption of process technologies, which would be lowered by automated assistance in creating formal models. To this end, we have developed a data analysis technique that we term process discovery. Under this technique, data describing process events are first captured from an on-going process and then used to generate a formal model of the behavior of that process. In this article we describe a Markov method that we developed specifically for process discovery, as well as describe two additional methods that we adopted from other domains and augmented for our purposes. The three methods range from the purely algorithmic to the purely statistical. We compare the methods and discuss their application in an industrial case study.
NK Cell Modulation of Murine Cytomegalovirus Retinitis (1998)

CMV retinitis, the most common ophthalmic infection of AIDS patients, causes blindness if left untreated. To study the role of NK cells in the modulation of CMV ocular infection, 9.0 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of the Smith strain of murine CMV (MCMV) was injected into the supraciliary space of the left eyes of BALB/c mice. Lysis of NK-sensitive target cells (YAC-1) by effectors from the draining lymph nodes peaked at day 5 postinfection, while the splenic cytolytic response was biphasic, with peaks at days 2 and 7 postinfection. Flow cytometry showed that NK cells (DX-5+) increased in spleens and eyes 5 days after supraciliary infection with MCMV compared with uninfected or mock-infected controls. Eight days after supraciliary injection with 9.0 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of MCMV, 7 of 10 NK-depleted mice developed retinitis compared with only 2 of 10 non-NK-depleted control mice. Poly(I-C) activation of NK cells in T cell-depleted animals protected mice from MCMV retinitis; only 2 of 10 mice in the poly(I-C)-treated group developed retinitis compared with 8 of 10 T cell-depleted, non-poly(I-C)-treated control mice. These results show the importance of NK cells in preventing MCMV retinitis and suggest that NK cells may also be involved in modulation of cytomegalovirus retinitis in human patients.
Energy-Efficient Non-Boolean Computing With Spin Neurons and Resistive Memory (2013)

Emerging nonvolatile resistive memory technologies can be potentially suitable for computationally expensive analog pattern-matching tasks. However, the use of CMOS analog circuits with resistive crossbar memory (RCM) would result in large power consumption and poor scalability, thereby eschewing the benefits of RCM-based computation. We explore the potential of emerging spin-torque devices for RCM-based approximate computing circuits. Emerging spin-torque switching techniques may lead to nanoscale, current-mode spintronic switches that can be used for energy-efficient analog-mode data processing. We propose the use of such low-voltage, fast-switching, magnetometallic “spin neurons” for ultralow power non-Boolean computing with RCM. We present the design of analog associative memory for face recognition using RCM, where, substituting conventional analog circuits with spin neurons can achieve ~100× lower power consumption.
A Combined Biological and Enzymatic Amplification (BIO-PCR) Technique to Detect<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pv.<i>phaseolicola</i>in Bean Seed Extracts (1995)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, hereafter referred to as BIO-PCR, that combines biological and enzymatic amplification of PCR targets and simplified procedures for sample processing is described for the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in bean seed extracts. Seeds are soaked overnight following standard protocols and aliquots of the extracts are plated onto a general agar medium. After 45-48 hr of incubation, the plates are washed with water to remove bacterial cells and aliquots of a pooled washing are subjected to two consecutive rounds of PCR, without prior DNA extraction, using «nested» pairs of primers designed to amplify a segment of the organism's tox (phaseolotoxin) gene region. Positive detection was reproducibly obtained at near-limit concentrations of the pathogen in the seed wash. Advantages of BIO-PCR over existing PCR techniques include the elimination of false positives resulting from the presence of dead cells that may be present in the seed, elimination of false negatives due to potential PCR inhibitors in seed extracts, increased sensitivity of detection, and no need for DNA extraction prior to amplification. Accordingly, BIO-PCR should prove useful for routine detection of other bacterial pathogens of quarantine importance. The primers detected some nontoxigenic strains of the pathogen, which evidently contain part of or the entire tox gene cluster
Curved-stem Hip Resurfacing (2008)

Hip resurfacing is an attractive concept because it preserves rather than removes the femoral head and neck. Most early designs had high failure rates, but one unique design had a femoral stem. Because that particular device appeared to have better implant survival, this study assessed the clinical outcome and long-term survivorship of a hip resurfacing prosthesis. Four hundred forty-five patients (561 hips) were retrospectively reviewed after a minimum of 20 years' followup or until death; 23 additional patients were lost to followup. Patients received a metal femoral prosthesis with a small curved stem. Three types of acetabular reconstructions were used: (1) cemented polyurethane; (2) metal-on-metal; and (3) polyethylene secured with cement or used as the liner of a two-piece porous-coated implant. Long-term results were favorable with the metal-on-metal combination only. The mean overall Harris hip score was 92 at 2 years of followup. None of the 121 patients (133 hips) who received metal-on-metal articulation experienced failure. The failure rate with polyurethane was 100%, and the failure rate with cemented polyethylene was 41%. Hip resurfacing with a curved-stem femoral component had a durable clinical outcome when a metal-on-metal articulation was used.
Video Imaging of Protein Molecules in Action by High-speed Atomic Force Microscopy (2011)

Proteins are dynamic in nature and work at the single-molecule level. Reflecting this fact, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy has been widely exploited to understand how proteins operate. However, what we can observe thereby is the dynamic behaviour of individual fluorescent spots (each being emitted from a fluorophore attached to a selected locus of the molecule), not of the protein molecules themselves. The structure of proteins has been studied by electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and NMR, but the obtained structures are essentially static. This long-standing problem prevailing throughout biological research has been recently overcome by the development of high-speed atomic force microscopy that enables simultaneous recording of the structure and dynamics of functioning biomolecules with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Analysis of several bovine lutropin beta subunit cDNAs reveals heterogeneity in nucleotide sequence. (1985)

Several, independent lutropin beta subunit cDNA clones have been isolated from a lambda gt-11 pituitary cDNA library. The complete nucleotide sequence of four clones was determined. A number of single nucleotide differences were detected including three changes within the coding sequence. One of these nucleotide changes resulted in a change in the predicted amino acid sequence, while two did not. These changes may reflect heterogeneity in the animals from which pituitaries were obtained, or they may reflect errors which occurred during the construction or cloning of the cDNA. Two other differences in nucleotide sequence suggest differences in the processing of precursor mRNAs. One difference involves the deletion of three nucleotides from the coding sequence of one of the clones. This probably reflects the use of alternate splicing sites at intron-exon boundaries. The other likely processing difference is reflected by the fact that one of the clones contains a much longer 3' untranslated region than the other clones. This difference probably arose due to a single nucleotide difference leading to selection of an alternate polyadenylation site.
Peptide Contraception: Antifertility Properties of LH‐RH Analogues (1979)

ABSTRACT A prototype LH‐RH antagonist dampened the proestrous gonadotropin surge and blocked ovulation but had no effect on pregnant animals. In contrast, LH‐RH and two highly potent LH‐RH agonists terminated pregnancy when administrated prior to or following implantation. This contragestational effect, as well as other antireproductive properties of the agonists, coupled with the reversibility of their effects, strongly suggest that such peptides may provide a new basis for contraception.
Synthesis of benz[<i>e</i>]indolium heptamethine cyanines containing C‐substituents at the central portion of the heptamethine moiety (2005)

Abstract An efficient procedure for the synthesis of near‐infrared dyes 5a‐d is described.
EvoSpaces Visualization Tool: Exploring Software Architecture in 3D (2007)

The EvoSpaces reverse-engineering tool represents the architecture and metrics of complex software systems as 3D software cities. By navigating and interacting with this world, the user will quickly get a global idea of the system, and then by a deeper exploration of the 3D world, learn how specific elements are linked together and which components are involved in a specific task. EvoSpaces then represents both the static elements of the software as well as its dynamics using the same City metaphor.
Comparison of two component frameworks: the FIPA-compliant multi-agent system and the web-centric J2EE platform (2003)

This work compares and contrasts two component frameworks: (1) the web-centric Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) framework and (2) the FIPA-compliant multi-agent system (MAS). FIPA, the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents, provides specifications for agents and agent platforms. Both frameworks are component frameworks; servlets and Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) in the case of J2EE and software agents in the case of MAS. Both frameworks are specification based. Both frameworks mandate platform responsibilities towards their respective component(s).We develop a framework with which to structure the comparison of the component frameworks. We apply this comparison structure in the context of a 'Data Access' scenario to application development in the respective component frameworks. Furthermore, we have prototyped this scenario in each of the two component frameworks. We conclude with a discussion of the benefits, drawbacks, and issues of developing new applications in each of the component frameworks.
The dissolution of asbestos fibres in water (1987)

Abstract The interaction of chrysotile and crocidolite with water has been investigated in an attempt to identify the factors affecting the rate and the degree of dissolution of asbestos fibres within groundwater systems at landfill sites. Dissolution experiments were used to investigate rate laws and to obtain apparent activation energies for the dissolution of the two minerals. The activation energies related to transport-controlled processes, but as the overall dissolution occurred so slowly it was unlikely to be controlled by processes with such low activation energies. Congruent dissolution of both minerals tended to increase with temperature and time, suggesting that in the long-term environmental situation, congruent dissolution of these two asbestos minerals would occur. However these experiments show that, as the reaction was so slow, there is little likelihood of reduction of the asbestos pollution hazard by the complete dissolution of fibres on prolonged contact with natural waters.
[Effect of lixu jieyu recipe in treating 75 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]. (2009)

LJR shows superiority in treating CFS.
Nucleotide sequence and expression analysis of the Acetobacter xylinum phosphoglucomutase gene (1994)

The Acetobacter xylinum gene (celB) encoding phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2) has previously been cloned by complementation of cellulose-negative mutants. In the present report the nucleotide sequence of a 2.0 kb DNA fragment containing celB is described. Expression analysis using the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter phi 10 resulted in identification of a probable translational start codon of celB, and this conclusion was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the recombinant protein. From the nucleotide sequence data it was deduced that celB encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 59.6 kDa. A protein of similar size was visualized after in vitro transcription and translation, using the cloned 2.0 kb fragment as template. The results of an amino acid sequence comparison and a biochemical analysis indicated that the CelB protein is structurally and functionally related to the previously characterized human and rabbit phosphoglucomutases.
Kinetic and Inhibition Studies of Dihydroxybenzoate-AMP Ligase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

Inhibition of siderophore biosynthetic pathways in pathogenic bacteria represents a promising strategy for antibacterial drug development. Escherichia coli synthesize and secrete the small molecule iron chelator siderophore, enterobactin, in response to intracellular iron depletion. Here we describe a detailed kinetic analysis of EntE, one of six enzymes in the enterobactin synthetase gene cluster. EntE catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and phosphopantetheinylated EntB (holo-EntB) to form covalently arylated EntB, a product that is vital for the final assembly of enterobactin. Initial velocity studies show that EntE proceeds via a bi-uni-uni-bi ping-pong kinetic mechanism with a k(cat) equal to 2.8 s(-1) and K(m) values of 2.5, 430, and 2.9 microM for DHB, ATP, and holo-EntB-ArCP, respectively. Inhibition and direct binding experiments suggest that, during the first half-reaction (adenylation), DHB binds first to the free enzyme, followed by ATP and the release of pyrophosphate to form the adenylate intermediate. During the second half-reaction (ligation), phosphopantetheinylated EntB binds to the enzyme followed by the release of products, AMP and arylated EntB. Two hydrolytically stable adenylate analogues, 5'-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (Sal-AMS) and 5'-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (DHB-AMS), are shown to act as slow-onset tight-binding inhibitors of the enzyme with (app)K(i) values of 0.9 and 3.8 nM, respectively. Direct binding experiments, via isothermal titration calorimetry, reveal low picomolar dissociation constants for both analogues with respect to EntE. The tight binding of Sal-AMS and DHB-AMS to EntE suggests that these compounds may be developed further as effective antibiotics targeted to this enzyme.
Optimization of Maleinized Linseed Oil Loading as a Biobased Compatibilizer in Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composites with Almond Shell Flour (2019)

Green composites of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were manufactured with almond shell flour (ASF) by reactive compatibilization with maleinized linseed oil *MLO) by extrusion and subsequent injection molding. ASF was kept constant at 30 wt %, while the effect of different MLO loading on mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and morphology properties was studied. Uncompatibilized PBS/ASF composites show a remarkable decrease in mechanical properties due to the nonexistent polymer‒filler interaction, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). MLO provides a plasticization effect on PBS/ASF composites but, in addition, acts as a compatibilizer agent since the maleic anhydride groups contained in MLO are likely to react with hydroxyl groups in both PBS end chains and ASF particles. This compatibilizing effect is observed by FESEM with a reduction of the gap between the filler particles and the surrounding PBS matrix. In addition, the T<sub>g</sub> of PBS increases from -28 °C to -12 °C with an MLO content of 10 wt %, thus indicating compatibilization. MLO has been validated as an environmentally friendly additive to PBS/ASF composites to give materials with high environmental efficiency.
Metal Ions May Suppress or Enhance Cellular Differentiation in <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida tropicalis</i> Biofilms (2007)

Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are polymorphic fungi that develop antimicrobial-resistant biofilm communities that are characterized by multiple cell morphotypes. This study investigated cell type interconversion and drug and metal resistance as well as community organization in biofilms of these microorganisms that were exposed to metal ions. To study this, Candida biofilms were grown either in microtiter plates containing gradient arrays of metal ions or in the Calgary Biofilm Device for high-throughput susceptibility testing. Biofilm formation and antifungal resistance were evaluated by viable cell counts, tetrazolium salt reduction, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy in conjunction with three-dimensional visualization. We discovered that subinhibitory concentrations of certain metal ions (CrO(4)(2-), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Ag(+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+), Pb(2+), AsO(2)(-), and SeO(3)(2-)) caused changes in biofilm structure by blocking or eliciting the transition between yeast and hyphal cell types. Four distinct biofilm community structure types were discerned from these data, which were designated "domed," "layer cake," "flat," and "mycelial." This study suggests that Candida biofilm populations may respond to metal ions to form cell-cell and solid-surface-attached assemblages with distinct patterns of cellular differentiation.
Strain Induced Vertical and Lateral Correlations in Quantum Dot Superlattices (1999)

Vertical and lateral ordering of quantum dots in superlattices is shown to be determined by the elastic anisotropy of the matrix material and by the growth orientation. For large anisotropies, complicated dot stacking sequences with correlations inclined to the growth axis may be formed, and the lateral ordering tendency is much stronger than for isotropic materials.
Effect of feed withdrawal on the incidence of Salmonella in the crops and ceca of market age broiler chickens (1997)

Previous research regarding Salmonella contamination in poultry has focused predominantly on cecal and intestinal contamination. Recently, the crop has been implicated as an important source of carcass contamination within the processing plant. In the present study, broiler chickens were orally challenged with 1 x 10(8) cfu S. enteritidis at 6 wk of age. At 7 wk of age, birds were randomly divided into two groups consisting of full access to feed, or total feed withdrawal, 18 h prior to sample collection. At the time of sample collection, crops and ceca were aseptically removed and cultured for the presence or absence of S. enteritidis by enrichment. The incidence of S. enteritidis-positive crops was consistently higher (range: 2.8- to 7.3-fold increases) following feed withdrawal than the incidence in samples collected from full-fed broilers in four experiments. Similarly, the incidence of S. enteritidis isolation was consistently higher (range: 1.4- to 2.1-fold increases) in ceca following feed withdrawal than in samples collected from full-fed broilers in these experiments. In a subsequent experiment, ceca and crops were aseptically collected and cultured for the presence of Salmonella immediately prior to or following 8 h feed withdrawal at a commercial broiler house. Similar to the laboratory experiments, the incidence of Salmonella isolation was significantly (P < 0.01) greater from crops following feed withdrawal (36/100) than from samples obtained immediately prior to withdrawal (19/100). However, the incidence of Salmonella in the ceca was not significantly higher following feed withdrawal (31/100) than in samples obtained immediately prior to withdrawal (25/ 100) in this field experiment. These studies indicate that feed withdrawal increases the incidence of Salmonella in broiler crops prior to slaughter and provide further evidence that the crop may be an important critical control point for reducing Salmonella contamination of broiler carcasses.