gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Epidural Injections in the Treatment of Lumbar Central Spinal Stenosis; A Systematic Review (2015)

The available evidence suggests that epidural injections with local anesthetic alone or with local anesthetic with steroids offer short- and long-term relief of low back and lower extremity pain for patients with lumbar central spinal stenosis. However, the evidence is Level II for the long-term efficacy of caudal and interlaminar epidural injections, whereas it is Level III for short-term improvement only with transforaminal epidural injections.
Epstein-Barr virus genetics: talking about the BAC generation (2010)

Genetic mutant organisms pervade all areas of Biology. Early on, herpesviruses (HV) were found to be amenable to genetic analysis using homologous recombination techniques in eukaryotic cells. More recently, HV genomes cloned onto a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) have become available. HV BACs can be easily modified in E.coli and reintroduced in eukaryotic cells to produce infectious viruses. Mutants derived from HV BACs have been used both to understand the functions of all types of genetic elements present on the virus genome, but also to generate mutants with potentially medically relevant properties such as preventative vaccines. Here we retrace the development of the BAC technology applied to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and review the strategies available for the construction of mutants. We expand on the appropriate controls required for proper use of the EBV BACs, and on the technical hurdles researchers face in working with these recombinants. We then discuss how further technological developments might successfully overcome these difficulties. Finally, we catalog the EBV BAC mutants that are currently available and illustrate their contributions to the field using a few representative examples.
Analyzing Cyber Security Threats on Cyber-Physical Systems using Model-Based Systems Engineering (2015)

The spectre of cyber attacks on aerospace systems can can no longer be ignored, given that many of the components and vulnerabilities that have been successfully exploited by the adversary on other infrastructures are the same as those deployed and used within the aerospace environment. An important consideration with respect to the mission/safety critical infrastructure supporting space operations is that an appropriate defensive response to an attackhas the goal to preserve critical mission objectives in the presence of adversarial activity. Which invariably involves the need for high precision and accuracy, because an incorrect response can trigger unacceptable losses involving lives and/or significant financial damage. A highly precise defensive response, considering the typical complexity of aerospace environments, requires a detailed and well-founded understanding of the underlying system. To capture this detailed and rigorous understanding, a structured approach for modeling aerospace systems has been developed. The approach includes physical elements, network topology, software applications, system functions, and usage scenarios. We leverage Model-Based Systems Engineering methodology by utilizing the Object Management Group’s Systems Modeling Language to represent the system being analyzed and also utilize model transformations to provide relevant aspects of the model to specialized analyses. A novel visualization approach is utilized to visualize the entire model as a three-dimensional graph, allowing easier interaction with subject matter experts. The model provides a unifying structure for analyzing the impact of a particular attack or a particular type of attack. A graph-based propagation analysis based on edge and node labels is used to analyze the model.
Comments: Silence Is Not Always Golden: Mortgage Prepayment in the Commercial Loan Context (1993)

and tbe policies of many purchasers of residential mortgage loans 6 serve to insulate most lending transactions from the common law rule.Within a transaction subject to the rule, laymen and lawyers not familiar with commercial real estate and lending law may likely be under the impression that negotiation of a prepayment clause is in furtherance of the lender's desire to limit the borrower's right to prepay, rather than the creation of that right for the borrower.This Comment first reviews the Promenade Towers opinion, which involves an examination of an interesting line of Revolutionary War era cases.The Comment then explores the legal bases for the rule of perfect tender in time and the arguments both in support of and critical of its operation.
Biology of tumor necrosis factor‐α– implications for psoriasis (2004)

Numerous recent investigations have pointed to a key role of the proinflammatory, pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in host defense and inflammatory processes. TNF overexpression has been found in lesional skin and in the circulation of psoriatic patients, and it was suggested that TNF-alpha is crucial in this and other immune diseases. Several approaches to inhibit TNF-alpha activity have been developed. These include three different neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha as well as three different soluble TNF-alpha receptors with characteristic properties designed to bind the 17-KDa soluble trimeric TNF-alpha and the 26-KDa membrane-bound form of TNF-alpha. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant antipsoriatic effects, and it is likely that blocking TNF-alpha will become an important therapeutic option. The data available from these trials contribute to further understanding of the disease by demonstrating the major role of TNF-alpha. An in-depth understanding of the regulation of TNF gene expression, protein production, receptor expression, and signaling pathways may lead to further, potentially important novel therapeutic strategies and antipsoriatic active small molecules, suitable for oral application in the future. Here we review the current knowledge of TNF biology, the approaches to inhibit TNF activity, and their clinical and immunological effects in psoriasis. In addition, the host-defense effects and chronic TNF-blocking activity are discussed.
Lactic acid bacteria: classification and physiology. (1993)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) constitute a group of gram-positive bacteria united by a constellation of morphological, metabolic, and physiological characteristics. The general description of the bacteria included in the group is gram-positive, nonsporing, nonrespiring cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The LAB term is intimately associated with bacteria involved in food and feed fermentation, including related bacteria normally associated with the (healthy) mucosal surfaces of humans and animals. The boundaries of the group have been subject to some controversy, but historically the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus form the core of the group. Taxonomic revisions of these genera and the description of new genera mean that LAB could, in their broad physiological definition, comprise around 20 genera. However, from a practical, food-technology point of view, the following genera are considered the principal LAB: Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella. The genus Bifidobacterium, often considered in the same context as the genuine lactic acid bacteria and sharing some of their typical features, is phylogenetically unrelated and has a unique mode of sugar fermentation. The classification of lactic acid bacteria into different genera is largely based on morphology, mode of glucose fermentation, growth at different temperatures, configuration of the lactic acid produced, ability to grow at high salt concentrations, and acid or alkaline tolerance. Chemotaxonomic markers such as fatty acid composition and constituents of the cell wall are also used in classification. In addition, the present taxonomy relies partly on true phylogenetic relationships,
A fully silicon integrated SAW programmable transversal filter with programming/read-out circuitry (2002)

A new fully silicon integrated SAW programmable transversal filter (PTF) with active piezoelectric junction FET detectors in a layered configuration of ZnO-SiO/sub 2/-Si is presented. The active detectors are located at the SiO/sub 2/-Si interface, resulting in a propagation path free of wave-disturbing metal strips. The filter consists of 32 analog controllable active taps, and has two tracks of active detectors. The sum of the signals of the upper track is subtracted from the sum of the signals of the lower track by a differential transimpedance amplifier. The SAW is generated via an interdigital transducer (IDT), having a pitch of 48 mu m, giving a filter center frequency of 60 MHz. The detectors have a pitch of 240 mu m, resulting in an intertap delay D=96 ns. The time-bandwidth product amounts to 16. The integrated filter features a low-noise readout amplifier and accurate bias control circuitry with a simple reference signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
E1A + cHa-ras transformed rat embryo fibroblast cells are characterized by high and constitutive DNA binding activities of AP-1 dimers with significantly altered composition. (1999)

Transcription factors of the AP-1/ATF family, including c-Fos, c-Jun, and ATF-2, play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, and changes in their levels and/or activities may contribute to oncogenesis. We analyzed the alterations of AP-1/ATF transcription factors upon immortalization and transformation in a panel of cell lines derived from rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells. The tumorigenic E1A + cHa-ras cells are characterized by high and constitutive DNA binding activities of AP-1, in contrast to nontransformed cells and the E1A cells. The expression of c-fos and c-jun genes was affected differently by the oncogenic transformation. By using antibodies to c-Jun and c-Fos proteins in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we showed that E1A + cHa-ras transformants did not contain c-Fos under any condition of cell cultivation and growth factor stimulation, whereas c-Jun was constitutively upregulated. In the absence of c-fos gene expression, c-Fos protein appears to be replaced by proteins of Fos family (Fra-1) and ATF family (ATF-2 and ATFa). To determine the possible mechanisms of c-fos downregulation in E1A + cHa-ras transformants we have obtained populations of geneticin-resistant clones containing integrated reporter construct -711fos-CAT and its mutants in serum-responsive element (SRE) and cAMP-responsive element (CRE). Data obtained show that the mutations within the SRE lead to a manifold activation of fos-CAT expression. This allows to suggest that c-fos downregulation in E1A + cHa-ras transformants is provided by a negative control mediated through the SRE regulatory region. The profound differences in regulation and composition of transcription factors of the AP-1 family probably play a pivotal role in the transformation of REF cells by E1A and cHa-ras oncogenes.
Synthesis of second-order nonlinear optical chromophores with enhanced thermal stability and nonlinearity: a conformation-locked trans-polyene approach (1996)

A facile synthesis that combines the use of an easily polarizable thiophene ring and a ring-locked triene as efficient conjugating moieties is employed to simultaneously enhance molecular nonlinearity (as high as 13000 × 10–48 esu) and thermal stability; incorporating this highly nonlinear chromophore in polyquinoline results in high electrooptic activity and long-term alignment stability at 100 °C for more than 1000 h.
Fast and accurate tracking in wireless networks (2011)

Wireless tracking is being increasingly used in elite and professional sports for training and performance monitoring. Accurate and high update rate tracking in indoor venues is the challenge that we are addressing. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for network round-trip ranging based on the measurement of time of arrival that supports high update rates and tracks and removes errors caused by changes in propagation delay in the analog electronics. The localization performance of our proposed algorithm is validated by results acquired in a sporting venue using our localization system, which is based on a custom TDMA protocol. We then discuss the issues with implementing the scheme in an 802.11 wireless network, propose an extension to the standard to support our scheme, and present analysis and simulation results to demonstrate the benefit over other schemes.
Portable Traffic Signals in the Work Zone (2011)

This article discusses use of portable traffic signal equipment in work zones in order to minimize traffic delays, increase work zone safety, control costs, and improve profitability. In the article, portable traffic signals are defined as traffic signals and associated control equipment that can be quickly and easily transported and deployed into a work zone. The collective group of these devices comprise a system that is able to control traffic in an orderly, safe manner using standard red/yellow/green traffic signals.
Low-energy focused ion beam system and direct deposition of Au and Si (1995)

A low-energy focused ion beam system which is combined with molecular beam epitaxy apparatus was developed. Focusing characteristics were estimated by secondary electron and transmitted ion images. Using this system, the direct deposition of Au and Si was performed, which is important for in situ contact formation. Film purity was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. Results show that the amount of impurities inside the film depends both on the deposition rate and on the chemical property of the deposition material.
Isolation, Crystal and Solution Structure Determination, and Biosynthesis of Tubulysins — Powerful Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization from Myxobacteria (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Antagonists (2015)

The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is an irritant sensor highly expressed on nociceptive neurons. The clinical use of TRPA1 antagonists is based on the concept that TRPA1 is active during disease states like neuropathic pain. Indeed, in Phase 2a proof-of-concept studies the TRPA1 antagonist GRC17536 has shown efficacy in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, animal studies suggest that the therapeutic value of TRPA1 antagonists extends beyond pain to pruritus, asthma and cough with limited safety concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent literature (since 2007) on small-molecule inhibitors of the TRPA1 channel. Despite the clear progress, many unanswered questions remain. Future advancement to Phase 3 studies will assess the real translational potential of this research field.
YouTube-BoundingBoxes: A Large High-Precision Human-Annotated Data Set for Object Detection in Video (2017)

We introduce a new large-scale data set of video URLs with densely-sampled object bounding box annotations called YouTube-BoundingBoxes (YT-BB). The data set consists of approximately 380,000 video segments about 19s long, automatically selected to feature objects in natural settings without editing or post-processing, with a recording quality often akin to that of a hand-held cell phone camera. The objects represent a subset of the COCO [32] label set. All video segments were human-annotated with high-precision classification labels and bounding boxes at 1 frame per second. The use of a cascade of increasingly precise human annotations ensures a label accuracy above 95% for every class and tight bounding boxes. Finally, we train and evaluate well-known deep network architectures and report baseline figures for per-frame classification and localization. We also demonstrate how the temporal contiguity of video can potentially be used to improve such inferences. The data set can be found at https://research.google.com/youtube-bb. We hope the availability of such large curated corpus will spur new advances in video object detection and tracking.
Somatostatin: Hypothalamic Inhibitor of the Endocrine Pancreas (1974)

Somatostatin, a hypothalamic peptide that inhibits the secretion of pituitary growth hormone, inhibits basal insulin secretion in fasted cats and rats. In fasted baboons both basal and arginine-stimulated secretion of insulin and glucagon are inhibited. Somatostatin appears to act directly on the endocrine pancreas. The action is dose-related, rapid in onset, and readily reversed.
Acetyl hypofluorite, a new moderating carrier of elemental fluorine and its use in fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetyl hypofluorite, a new moderating carrier of elemental fluorine and its use in fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl derivativesOri Lerman and Shlomo RozenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5, 724–727Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00153a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00153a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views942Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radioactive waste storage in the arid zone (1974)

By the turn of the century, nuclear power may generate more than one‐half of the electric energy, and about one‐third of the total energy consumed in the United States [ Thompson , 1971; Chapman et al ., 1972]. By 2020, the total quantity of high‐level radioactive wastes (HLW) generated as a byproduct of nuclear fuel reprocessing for such power generation may total about 900,000 m 3 as liquid or 70,000 m 3 as solid [ Gera and Jacobs , 1972]; the radioactivity of long‐lived nuclides in the HLW will total about 8.7×10 10 Ci [ Gera and Jacobs , 1972]. (High‐level wastes are defined as wastes containing at least 1 Ci of radioactivity per liter of liquid, or 70 Ci/kg of solid [American Institute of Chemical Engineering, ANSI Standard N5.8‐1967]. Wastes from chemical processing of irradiated nuclear fuels typically contain several hundred to several thousand curies per gallon [ Fox , 1969].)
Current aspects of carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae in Korea (1996)

This paper describes the use of microalgae for the control of carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power plants. Results utilizing Chlorella sp. and Chlorococcum littorale are discussed.
Stable Colloidal Solutions of High‐Temperature‐Annealed <i>L</i>1<sub>0</sub> FePt Nanoparticles (2010)

Stable colloidal solutions of NaCl-annealed FePt nanoparticles, showing room-temperature ferromagnetism, are obtained by adding an aqueous solution of cysteine molecules. The latter bind to the nanoparticles' surface during the salt dissolution and provide stabilization of the colloids by electrostatic repulsion
Indexing multi-dimensional data in a cloud system (2010)

Providing scalable database services is an essential requirement for extending many existing applications of the Cloud platform. Due to the diversity of applications, database services on the Cloud must support large-scale data analytical jobs and high concurrent OLTP queries. Most existing work focuses on some specific type of applications. To provide an integrated framework, we are designing a new system, epiC, as our solution to next-generation database systems. In epiC, indexes play an important role in improving overall performance. Different types of indexes are built to provide efficient query processing for different applications.
Regional and farm specialisation in Spanish agriculture before and after integration in the European Union (2001)

In this paper, we study the evolution of agricultural product specialisation at farm and county level from 1979 to 1997 in Spain, thus covering all the stages of the gradual implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy. We use a multiproduct version of Theil and Finizza's index of segregation that allows us to decompose farm product specialisation into county specialisation with respect to the national level, i.e., the usual measure of regional specialisation, and farm specialisation within counties. Our results confirm the importance of increasing regional specialisation but also highlight that trends of farm specialisation within counties have varied across large agricultural areas. In particular, regions more specialised in export-oriented products seem to have speeded regional specialisation.
An Efficient Authentication and Access Control Scheme Using Smart Cards (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel integrated authentication and access control scheme using smart cards. A list of accessible resources with privileges is encrypted in the smart card issued to the user. Without storing access control information, a server can authenticate each user, realize resources to be accessed, and determine access privileges. We propose the use of card identifiers to prevent privilege elevation attacks and to protect the privacy of access requests. Our scheme has the following merits: low communication and computational cost, no access control information in the server, prevention of privilege elevation attack, multiple-access requests, privacy protection of access requests, mutual authentication, and session key agreement
Zur Arbeitseinstellung und zum Leistungsverhalten Jugendlicher in der Tierproduktion: Kurzbericht (1983)

Die Autoren stellen einige ausgewählte Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen Jugendlicher zur Arbeit und Leistung in der Pflanzen- und Tierproduktion auf der Grundlage einer ersten Analyse der ersten Etappe der Jahresintervallstudie aus dem Jahre 1982 vor. Befragt wurden 615 Jugendliche in acht Kreisen der Bezirke Leipzig und Neubrandenburg, wobei Lebensziele, agrarpolitische Einstellungen und berufliche Interessen als determinierende subjektive Faktoren der Arbeitseinstellung in die Untersuchung einbezogen wurden. Vorgestellt werden hierzu die Ergebnisse auf der Grundlage einer erprobten Indikatorbatterie zur Ermittlung und Messung von Lebenszielsetzungen sowie die Rangfolge in der Bewertung ausgewählter Aufgabenstellungen bzw. auf die Tierproduktion bezogene Interessengebiete. "Ahnlich wie bei den agrarpolitischen Einstellungen steigt die Intensität der Interessenausprägung mit dem hohen Niveau der politisch-ideologischen Grundeinstellung, der Allgemeinbildung und der beruflichen Qualifizierung." Des weiteren werden Befragungsergebnisse (differenziert z.B. nach geschlechtsspezifischen Faktoren) aufgeführt zu den Bereichen: Arbeitszeit und Einschätzung des Charakters der Arbeit, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Einstellung zu Besonderheiten der Arbeit in der Tierproduktion, Leistungsverhalten, Einstellung zum Arbeitskollektiv und Einschätzung der fachlichen Information. (SM)