gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel, hardware-supported interrupt handling in an event-triggered real-time operating system (2009)

A common problem in event-triggered real-time systems is caused by low-priority tasks that are implemented as interrupt handlers interrupting and disturbing high-priority tasks that are implemented as threads. This problem is termed rate-monotonic priority inversion, and current software-based solutions are restricted in terms of more sophisticated scheduler features as demanded for instance by the AUTOSAR embedded-operating-system specification.
[Vascular manifestations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)]. (1998)

Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), a disease still of unknown origin, is a generalized autoimmune disorder characterized by immunological abnormalities, microvascular dysfunction, and tissue fibrosis. The mechanism leading to selective microvascular injury in PSS is not completely known, however it is now clear that neuropeptides, vascular endothelium, and disturbances in the regulation of fibroblast function are the three major contributors to the increased fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Thus, endothelial cell and fibroblast dysfunction may be linked through the paracrine activity of soluble endothelial cell products: the cytokine cascade (IL-1, TGF-beta-1, PDGF, TNF, etc.). In systemic sclerosis, the exaggerated generalized vasospastic tendency is clinically represented by Raynaud's phenomenon as shown by an early digital arterial closure after cold stimulation, and by an inadequate vasodilatory response to heat. In this review we summarize recently established data that center around the role of adhesion molecules, immune reactions, and aberrant fibroblast biology and metabolism in effecting vascular and connective tissue alterations in this disease. Only a better knowledge of the pathophysiological process involved in scleroderma might lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Multiple Pedestrian Tracking through Ambient Structural Vibration Sensing (2016)

Tracking multiple people in an indoor environment enables various smart building applications such as HVAC energy saving, patient/child monitoring, etc. Researchers have explored various sensing methods including vision, motion, and RF, which either require specific installation requirements or high deployment density. We introduce a passive sparse sensing method based on ambient structural vibration induced by foot strikes. Our system tracks multiple people based on the premise that human foot strikes have spatio-temporal variation, and hence do not fully overlap. The system achieved less than 0.4m accuracy in both one and two persons stepping conditions.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression and Signaling in Human, Mouse, and Rat Leukocytes: Evidence for Replacement of the Short Cytoplasmic Domain Isoform by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Linked Proteins in Human Leukocytes (2002)

Carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), the primordial carcinoembryonic Ag gene family member, is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule expressed in leukocytes, epithelia, and blood vessel endothelia in humans and rodents. As a result of differential splicing, CEACAM1 occurs as several isoforms, the two major ones being CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S, that have long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domains, respectively. The L:S expression ratios vary in different cells and tissues. In addition to CEACAM1, human but not rodent cells express GPI-linked CEACAM members (CEACAM5-CEACAM8). We compared the expression patterns of CEACAM1-L, CEACAM1-S, CEACAM6, and CEACAM8 in purified populations of neutrophilic granulocytes, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes from rats, mice, and humans. Human granulocytes expressed CEACAM1, CEACAM6, and CEACAM8, whereas human B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes expressed only CEACAM1 and CEACAM6. Whereas granulocytes, B cells, and T cells from mice and rats expressed both CEACAM1-L and CEACAM1-S in ratios of 2.2-2.9:1, CEACAM1-S expression was totally lacking in human granulocytes, B cells, and T cells. Human leukocytes only expressed the L isoforms of CEACAM1. This suggests that the GPI-linked CEACAM members have functionally replaced CEACAM1-S in human leukocytes. Support for the replacement hypothesis was obtained from experiments in which the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)1/2 were activated by anti-CEACAM Abs. Thus, Abs against CEACAM1 activated Erk1/2 in rat granulocytes, but not in human granulocytes. Erk1/2 in human granulocytes could, however, be activated by Abs against CEACAM8. We demonstrated that CEACAM1 and CEACAM8 are physically associated in human granulocytes. The CEACAM1/CEACAM8 complex in human cells might accordingly play a similar role as CEACAM1-L/CEACAM1-S dimers known to occur in rat cells.
Nucleopoliedrovirus de Spodoptera frugiperda SfNPV003: compatibilidad con agroquímicos y estabilidad en condiciones de almacenamiento (2014)

Con un aislamiento colombiano del nucleopoliedrovirus de Spodptera frugiperda SfNPV003 se desarrolló una formulación en polvo mediante un proceso de microencapsulación con un polímero del ácido metacrílico, el cual aumentó la fotoestabilidad del virus. Con el fin de generar las recomendaciones para el uso de este bioplaguicida, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue establecer la compatibilidad in vitro con los productos químicos (insecticidas y fungicidas) que se utilizan con mayor frecuencia en el cultivo de maíz y determinar la estabilidad del producto durante 15 meses de almacenamiento a 8, 18 y 28 °C. El virus fue compatible con ocho agroquímicos evaluados y presentó una actividad insecticida superior a 80%. Cuando el bioplaguicida fue almacenado a 8, 18 y 28 °C, la actividad insecticida y el contenido de contaminantes se mantuvieron dentro de los límites de aceptación establecidos para estos parámetros. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se recomendó el almacenamiento del bioplaguicida a base del SfNPV003 en temperaturas inferiores a 28 °C, lo que garantiza la calidad del producto durante mínimo 17 meses, tiempo adecuado para su distribución y uso.
Plasmids with a mammalian replication origin and a matrix attachment region initiate the event similar to gene amplification. (2001)

Gene amplification plays a crucial role in the development of many human malignancies. Amplified genes are frequently localized on double minutes (DMs). We show here that plasmids bearing both a mammalian replication origin and a nuclear matrix attachment region were able to integrate into DMs if transfected to cells having DMs (COLO 320DM). Furthermore, these plasmids triggered the events leading to the de novo formation of the structure similar to DMs if transfected to the cells without DMs (COLO 320HSR or HeLa). Autonomous replication of these plasmids was suggested to be a prerequisite for these events to occur, because the presence of the origin sequences in the plasmids was required. The presence of matrix attachment region in the plasmids is also required for these events to occur, suggesting that matrix attachment plays an indispensable role in extrachromosomal replication. This model system will allow us to investigate the mechanism of gene amplification as well as to analyze the autonomous replication of the plasmid with mammalian replication origins.
Response to the antiprogestagen RU 486 (mifepristone) during early pregnancy and the menstrual cycle in women. (1989)

RU 486 has wide potential utility as an abortifacient drug when used within the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and has the ability to induce an abortion in about 80% of subjects. Administration of low doses of prostaglandins together with RU 486 increases the success rate. It is possible that alterations in metabolism of RU 486 may explain non-responsiveness to the drug in some women. Mid-luteal phase administration of RU 486 produces bleeding within 72 h and in one-third of subjects there was luteolysis with decrease in serum FSH, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. Administration of RU 486 in the late luteal phase does not disturb menstrual cycle length, bleeding patterns, ovulation, or hormonal parameters in treatment or posttreatment cycles. However, the drug alone cannot be used as a 'menses regulator' or 'once monthly pill' since some pregnancies do continue. Possibly the efficacy of RU 486 may be enhanced when it is combined with prostaglandins or other agents. Administration of RU 486 in the follicular phase blocks ovulation, delays the LH surge, and is associated with low concentrations of oestradiol. This is presumably the result of gonadotrophin inhibition.
Effect of Atomic Ordering on the Catalytic Activity of Carbon Supported PtM (M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) Alloys for Oxygen Reduction in PEMFCs (2005)

Carbon-supported PtM (, Co, Ni and Cu) catalysts have been synthesized by precipitating the ions as hydroxides in presence of a commercial carbon-supported Pt catalyst followed by heat treatment in a 90% Ar-10% mixture at for . X-ray diffraction indicates the PtFe and PtCo alloys thus obtained to have an ordered structure while the PtNi and PtCu alloys have a disordered FCC structure. Structural analysis of PtFe and PtCo after annealing at various temperatures for indicates the ordering to be maximized for an annealing temperature of around . Evaluation of the PtM alloy catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) indicates that the alloys with the ordered structures have higher catalytic activity with lower polarization losses than Pt and the disordered PtM alloys. With the ordered phases, the activity increases with the extent of ordering. The enhanced catalytic activity is explained based on an optimal structural and electronic features consisting of optimum number of Pt and M nearest neighbors, d-electron density in Pt, atomic configuration on the surface, and Pt-Pt distance.
<i>PIFs</i> meet <i>Tourists</i> and <i>Harbingers</i> : A superfamily reunion (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
What To Do When Stakeholders Matter: A Guide to Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Techniques (2003)

This article focuses specifically on how and why managers might go about using stakeholder identification and analysis techniques in order to help their organizations meet their mandates, fulfill their missions, and create public value. A range of stakeholder identification and analysis techniques is reviewed. The techniques cover: organizing participation; creating ideas for strategic interventions, including problem formulation and solution search; building a winning coalition around proposal development, review, and adoption; and implementing, monitoring, and evaluating strategic interventions. The paper argues that wise use of stakeholder analyses can help frame issues that are solvable in ways that are technically feasible and politically acceptable and that advance the common good. The paper’s concludes with a number of recommendations for management research, education, and practice. 10 September 2003. “What To Do When Stakeholders Matter: A Guide to Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Techniques.” © John M. Bryson, 2003. A paper presented at the National Public Management Research Conference, 9-11 October 2003, The Georgetown University Public Policy Institute, Washington, D.C. To be published in Public Management Review, 2004. 3 WHAT TO DO WHEN STAKEHOLDERS MATTER A Guide to Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Techniques
Soil moisture measurement using portable dielectric probes and time domain reflectometry (1992)

Portable dielectric probe (PDP) and time domain reflectometry (TDR) instruments are increasingly being used for rapid in situ determination of soil moisture contents. These techniques provide alternatives for acquiring soil moisture data in field experiments where the logistics of gravimetric sampling can restrict the number of samples obtained. The real part of the dielectric constant of soils, measured by P, L, C, and X band PDPs, was empirically related to soil water content for soils with a wide range of textures. The results were compared to TDR measurements as well. The P and L band probes and the TDR produced very comparable and accurate results, while the C and X band probes showed sensitivity to variability within a soil, the measurement technique, and soil texture. Both TDR and PDP instruments may be useful for field measurement campaigns, as they sample different depths and volumes. In general the TDR is suitable for 0–5 cm or deeper layers while the PDP can be used for measuring layers of the order of 1 cm in thickness.
GMM based Bayesian approach to speech enhancement in signal / transform domain (2008)

Considering a general linear model of signal degradation, by modeling the probability density function (PDF) of the clean signal using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and additive noise by a Gaussian PDF, we derive the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. The derived MMSE estimator is non-linear and the linear MMSE estimator is shown to be a special case. For speech signal corrupted by independent additive noise, by modeling the joint PDF of time-domain speech samples of a speech frame using a GMM, we propose a speech enhancement method based on the derived MMSE estimator. We also show that the same estimator can be used for transform-domain speech enhancement.
Porting the parallel array programming language ZPL to an embedded multicomputing system (2002)

This paper describes the port of the ZPL parallel array language to the Mercury-RACE, a multicomputing system designed for embedded real-time applications. We discuss the design of the language runtime system and our strategy on mapping ZPL operators to hardware communication. We also show performance results of the ZPL parallel matrix inverse algorithm on the target architecture.
The Effects of Fiber Inclusion on Pet Food Sensory Characteristics and Palatability (2015)

The objectives of this study were to determine (a) the influence of fiber on the sensory characteristics of dry dog foods; (b) differences of coated and uncoated kibbles for aroma and flavor characteristics; (c) palatability of these dry dog foods; and (d) potential associations between palatability and sensory attributes. A total of eight fiber treatments were manufactured: a control (no fiber addition), guava fiber (3%, 6%, and 12%), sugar cane fiber (9%; large and small particle size), and wheat bran fiber (32%; large and small particle size). The results indicated significant effects of fibers on both flavor and texture properties of the samples. Bitter taste and iron and stale aftertaste were examples of flavor attributes that differed with treatment, with highest intensity observed for 12% guava fiber and small particle size sugar cane fiber treatments. Fracturability and initial crispness attributes were lowest for the sugar cane fiber treatments. Flavor of all treatments changed after coating with a palatant, increasing in toasted, brothy, and grainy attributes. The coating also had a masking effect on aroma attributes such as stale, flavor attributes such as iron and bitter taste, and appearance attributes such as porosity. Palatability testing results indicated that the control treatment was preferred over the sugar cane or the wheat bran treatment. The treatment with large sugarcane fiber particles was preferred over the treatment with small particles, while both of the wheat bran treatments were eaten at a similar level. Descriptive sensory analysis data, especially textural attributes, were useful in pinpointing the underlying characteristics and were considered to be reasons that may influence palatability of dog foods manufactured with inclusion of different fibers.
Real-Time Volume-Based Ambient Occlusion (2010)

Real-time rendering can benefit from global illumination methods to make the 3D environments look more convincing and lifelike. On the other hand, the conventional global illumination algorithms for the estimation of the diffuse surface interreflection make heavy usage of intra- and interobject visibility calculations, so they are time-consuming, and using them in real-time graphics applications can be prohibitive for complex scenes. Modern illumination approximations, such as ambient occlusion variants, use precalculated or frame-dependent data to reduce the problem to a local shading one. This paper presents a fast real-time method for visibility sampling using volumetric data in order to produce accurate inter- and intraobject ambient occlusion. The proposed volume sampling technique disassociates surface representation data from the visibility calculations, and therefore, makes the method suitable for both primitive-order or screen-order rendering, such as deferred rendering. The sampling mechanism can be used in any application that performs visibility queries or ray marching.
Intracerebral Hirudin Injection Attenuates Ischemic Damage and Neurologic Deficits without Altering Local Cerebral Blood Flow (2004)

There has been considerable interest in the use of thrombin inhibitors to reduce the occurrence of stroke or to potentiate tissue plasminogen activator-induced reperfusion. However, there is growing evidence that thrombin may also have extravascular effects that influence ischemic brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either 90 minutes of temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion or sham operation to examine thrombin and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) expression. In another set of rats, the MCA was occluded for 90 minutes and 10 U of hirudin or the same volume of vehicle was injected into the caudate followed by reperfusion for up to 28 days, to test the effects of local thrombin inhibition on ischemic damage, neurologic outcome and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Thrombin immunoreactivity was increased in the ischemic caudate at 4 and 24 hours, whereas PAR-1 expression was unchanged. Hirudin reduced infarct volume in the caudate at 24 hours (79 +/- 41 vs. 115 +/- 20 mm3, P < 0.05) and resulted in a larger residual tissue volume in the caudate at 28 days (17.6 +/- 3.9 vs. 11.8 +/- 6.3 mm3, P < 0.05). Hirudin treatment also had a beneficial effect on body weight and ameliorated neurologic deficits tested by forelimb placing and forelimb use asymmetry during 28 days survival. These beneficial effects of hirudin were not associated with improved regional CBF during reperfusion. These results suggest that, in addition to their effects on coagulation and circulation, thrombin inhibitors also have direct neuroprotective properties and may be considered in stroke therapy.
Use of implant isolation for fabrication of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (1989)

We report the first successful use of implant isolation by singly charged oxygen to fabricate MBE-grown vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Almost identical room-temperature pulsed thresholds of 26 mA on 15μm diameter devices with 0.25μm GaAs active thicknesses were obtained using implant isolation against etched mesa isolation. The planar nature of implant isolation greatly simplifies processing, to allow more sophisticated use of VCSELs.
β‐Catenin expression in human neural cell lines following exposure to cytokines and growth factors (2000)

Beta-catenin acts as a key mediator of the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Recent studies have shown that an unstable interaction between beta-catenin and the mutant presenilin-1 induces neuronal apoptosis, and that beta-catenin levels are decreased in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since activated microglia and astrocytes play a role in the process of neuronal degeneration in AD, the cytokine/growth factor-regulated expression of beta-catenin in human neural cell lines, including NTera2 teratocarcinoma-derived differentiated neurons (NTera2-N), IMR-32 neuroblastoma, SKN-SH neuroblastoma and U-373MG astrocytoma, was studied quantitatively following exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) (dbcAMP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Beta-catenin mRNA expressed constitutively in all of these cell lines was unaffected by treatment with any factors examined. In contrast, beta-catenin protein levels were reduced markedly in NTera2-N cells by exposure to dbcAMP, EGF or bFGF, and in U-373MG cells by treatment with dbcAMP or PMA, but were unaffected in any cell lines by BDNF, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma or TGF-beta1. These results indicate that beta-catenin is expressed constitutively in human neural cells and downregulated at a protein level by a set of growth factors in a cell type-specific manner.
BAD-LAMP is a novel biomarker of nonactivated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2011)

The brain and dendritic cell (BAD)-associated lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-like molecule (BAD-LAMP, c20orf103, UNC-46) is a newly identified member of the family of LAMPs. BAD-LAMP expression in the mouse is confined to neurons. We demonstrate here that in humans, BAD-LAMP can specifically be found in the type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Human BAD-LAMP is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) of freshly isolated CD123(+) pDCs and is rapidly lost upon activation by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligonucleotides. The restricted pattern of BAD-LAMP expression allows for the rapid identification of normal and leukemic human pDCs in tissues and blood.
Sequence Modeling in Unsupervised Single-Channel Overlapped Speech Recognition (2018)

Unsupervised single-channel overlapped speech recognition is one of the hardest problems in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The problems can be modularized into three sub-problems: frame-wise interpreting, sequence level speaker tracing and speech recognition. Nevertheless, previous acoustic models formulate the correlation between sequential labels implicitly, which limit the modeling effect. In this work, we include explicit models for the sequential label correlation during training. This is relevant to models given by both the feature sequence and the output of the last frame. Moreover, we propose to integrate the linguistic information into the assignment decision of the permutation invariant training (PIT). Namely, a senone level neural network language model (NNLM) trained in the clean speech alignment is integrated, while the objective function is still cross-entropy. The proposed methods can be combined with an improved version of PIT and sequence discriminative training, which brings about further over 10% relative improvement of WER in the artificial overlapped Switchboard and hub5e-swb dataset.