gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using distributed magnetometry in navigation of heavy launchers and space vehicles (2011)

Recently, a new technique (magneto-inertial navigation, MINAV) has emerged to address the general problem of reconstructing the inertial velocity of a rigid body moving in a magnetically disturbed region. The contribution of this paper is to apply the developed method, in a prospective spirit, to a case of space navigation in view of estimating the performance improvement that could be obtained using state-of-the-art magnetometer technology onboard heavy launchers and other space vehicles. The main underlying idea of the approach is to estimate the inertial velocity by readings of the magnetic ¦eld at spatially distributed (known) locations on the rigid body. Mathematically, through a chain-rule di¨erentiation involving variables commonly appearing in classic inertial navigation, an estimate of this velocity can be obtained. This paper presents the potential of this method in the ¦eld of navigation of heavy launchers passing through particular regions of the Earth magne-tosphere as considered, e. g., for upcoming Galileo missions. Numerical results based on the speci¦cations of candidate embedded magnetic sen-sors stress the relevance of the approach. The presented methodology is patent pending and has been partially funded by CNES. 1
Regularized Gauss‐Newton method using compressed Jacobian matrix for controlled source electromagnetic data inversion (2009)

In this paper we propose an approach to improve the efficiency of the regularized Gauss‐Newton inversion algorithm by using an adaptive cross approximation (ACA) technique. We apply the ACA technique to decompose the Jacobian matrix into two smaller rectangular matrices. In this way we improve the efficiency of the Gauss‐Newton method on both memory requirements and CPU time. The improvement increases when we deal with large data sets with a large number of transmitters, receivers and frequencies. To demonstrate the improvements introduced by this method we present results of both synthetic and field data inversions for controlled source electromagnetic surveys.
[Nutritional evaluation of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) in albino mice and their descendants]. (2000)

The Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between the 3700 and 4500 masl at the Peruvian Andes. Traditionally it is attributed nutritional, energizing, fertilizing properties among others. With the purpose of evaluate scientifically the nutritional property of Maca, we carried out a controlled study in two generations of albino Swiss mice (parents and breeding). The parents were aleatorily assigned to one of three nutritional schedules. The food of each group was prepared based on powder from a commercial balanced food (CBF) of which 30% was replaced by raw or cooked Maca according to the corresponding group or pure CBF in the control group. The groups were this way: 1) Raw Maca Group; 2) Cooked Maca Group; and, 3) Control Group. The results showed that the curves of growth were similar and adequate for the three groups. However, the cooked Maca group showed the best curve. These data were better observable in the second generation of animals, with significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The CBF group had a better growth than raw Maca group. No signs of malnutrition nor overweight were observed in none of the groups. The serum values of total proteins and albumin were statistically superior for the mice group eating cooked Maca than that of the raw Maca and CBF groups. This study demonstrates, in a scientifical evaluation, one of the traditionally attributed properties of Maca, the nutritional capability.
Dose Reduction in Multidetector CT Using Attenuation-Based Online Tube Current Modulation (2003)

Attenuation-based online tube current modulation used with MDCT should be considered as a secondary tool of radiation dose reduction because it saves as much as 20% of the radiation dose on the adult trunk, regardless of initial mAs preset. However, initial decreases of mAs presets by the physician should be considered the primary tool for radiation dose reduction.
Predicting vulnerable software components (2007)

Where do most vulnerabilities occur in software? Our Vulture tool automatically mines existing vulnerability databases and version archives to map past vulnerabilities to components. The resulting ranking of the most vulnerable components is a perfect base for further investigations on what makes components vulnerable.
Analysis of Cytokine Secretion by Melanoma-Specific CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes (1995)

Although specific antitumor immune reactivity has been documented extensively in CD8+ T cells derived from melanoma patients, relatively little is known about CD4+ T cell responses against melanoma. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) cultured from metastatic lesions in five patients yielded cytolytic CD8+ T cells with specific activity against autologous and MHC class I-compatible allogeneic melanoma targets. In four of the five cases studied, CD4+ T cells purified from bulk TIL cultures also reacted specifically with autologous melanoma cells, as manifested by the secretion of various cytokines (GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) after a 24 h cocultivation. Cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells was MHC class II restricted, and proved to be a more reliable indicator of the immunologic reactivity of CD4+ T cells than cytolysis. Three of the four reactive CD4+ TIL failed to recognize allogeneic melanomas, suggesting recognition of Ag with limited expression in the patient population. Cloning such Ags may provide clues to optimizing current antitumor immunization strategies.
A framework for real-time, autonomous anomaly detection over voluminous time-series geospatial data streams (2007)

In this research work we present an approach encompassing both algorithm and system design to detect anomalies in data streams. Individual observations within these streams are multidimensional, with each dimension corresponding to a feature of interest. We consider time-series geospatial datasets generated by remote and in situ observational devices. Three aspects make this problem particularly challenging: (1) the cumulative volume and rates of data arrivals, (2) anomalies evolve over time, and (3) there are spatio-temporal correlations associated with the data. Therefore, anomaly detections must be accurate and performed in real time. Given the data volumes involved, solutions must minimize user intervention and be amenable to distributed processing to ensure scalability. Our approach achieves accurate, high throughput classications in real time. We rely on Expectation Maximization (EM) to build Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) that model the densities of the training data. Rather than one all-encompassing model, our approach involves multiple model instances, each of which is responsible for a particular geographical extent and can also adapt as data evolves. We have incorporated these algorithms into our distributed storage platform, Galileo, and proled their suitability through empirical analysis which demonstrates high throughput (10,000 observations per-second, per-node) and low latency on real-world datasets.
Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome: a national survey of sudden unexplained cardiac death (2007)

Deaths from SADS occur predominantly in young males. When compared with official mortality, the incidence of SADS may be up to eight times higher than estimated: more than 500 potential SADS cases per annum in England. Families with SADS carry genetic cardiac disease, placing them at risk of further sudden deaths. SADS should therefore be a certifiable cause of death prompting specialised cardiological evaluation of families.
Bidirectional effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on colony-stimulating factor-induced human myelopoiesis in vitro: differential effects of distinct TGF-beta isoforms (1991)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has potent antiproliferative effects on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. We report here that TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2 also exert bimodal dose-dependent stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte- CSF-induced day 7 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. This increase in colony formation was restricted to low doses (0.01 to 1.0 ng/mL) of TGF-beta 1 and was due to increased granulopoiesis, showing that TGF-beta can affect the differentiation as well as the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, TGF-beta 3 was found to be a more potent inhibitor of hematopoietic progenitor cells than TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2. In contrast to the bidirectional proliferative effects of TGF-beta 1 and -beta 2, the effects of TGF- beta 3 on human hematopoiesis were only inhibitory, showing for the first time that TGF-beta isoforms differ not only in potencies but also with regard to the nature of the response they elicit.
Anomaly detection in flight recorder data: A dynamic data-driven approach (2013)

This paper presents a method of feature extraction in the context of aviation data analysis. The underlying algorithm utilizes a feature extraction algorithm called symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF) that was recently published. In SDF, time-series data are partitioned for generating symbol sequences that, in turn, construct probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA) to serve as features for pattern classification. The SDF-based algorithm of feature extraction, which enjoys both flexibility of implementation and computational efficiency, is directly applicable to detection, classification, and prediction of anomalies and faults. The results of analysis with real-world flight recorder data show that the SDF-based features can be derived at a desired level of abstraction from the information embedded in the time-series data. The performance of the proposed SDF-based feature extraction is compared with that of standard temporal feature extraction for anomaly detection. Our study on flight recorder data shows that SDF-based features can enable discovering unique anomalous flights and improve the performance of the detection algorithm. We also theoretically show that under certain conditions it may be possible to achive a better or comparable time complexity with SDF based features.
Evaluation of return-to-zero modulation for wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission over conventional single-mode fiber (2002)

Summary form only given. In spite of ancient lore suggesting that lightwave receivers have several dB better sensitivity for return-to-zero (RZ) modulated signals, deployed lightwave systems typically use non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation. In anticipation of increases in lightwave transmission bit rates beyond those conveniently manipulated by electronic devices, much effort has been devoted to all-optical techniques for lightwave signal processing. These techniques often require pulsed light rather than cw light and therefore RZ modulation may become important. However, nonlinearity plays a dominant role in many-channel wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems, so one might speculate that RZ modulation, with its higher peak powers and larger bandwidths, may not be practical in high-performance WDM systems. If correct, this will reduce the attractiveness of many all-optical techniques. In previous experimental work, RZ and NRZ have been compared in the long, low-dispersion-fiber systems typically deployed undersea. Here, we compare RZ and NRZ in a WDM system employing the 1.3-/spl mu/m dispersion-zero fiber (SMF) currently deployed in many national terrestrial networks.
Design Principles for Ligand-Sensing, Conformation-Switching Ribozymes (2009)

Nucleic acid sensor elements are proving increasingly useful in biotechnology and biomedical applications. A number of ligand-sensing, conformational-switching ribozymes (also known as allosteric ribozymes or aptazymes) have been generated by some combination of directed evolution or rational design. Such sensor elements typically fuse a molecular recognition domain (aptamer) with a catalytic signal generator (ribozyme). Although the rational design of aptazymes has begun to be explored, the relationships between the thermodynamics of aptazyme conformational changes and aptazyme performance in vitro and in vivo have not been examined in a quantitative framework. We have therefore developed a quantitative and predictive model for aptazymes as biosensors in vitro and as riboswitches in vivo. In the process, we have identified key relationships (or dimensionless parameters) that dictate aptazyme performance, and in consequence, established equations for precisely engineering aptazyme function. In particular, our analysis quantifies the intrinsic trade-off between ligand sensitivity and the dynamic range of activity. We were also able to determine how in vivo parameters, such as mRNA degradation rates, impact the design and function of aptazymes when used as riboswitches. Using this theoretical framework we were able to achieve quantitative agreement between our models and published data. In consequence, we are able to suggest experimental guidelines for quantitatively predicting the performance of aptazyme-based riboswitches. By identifying factors that limit the performance of previously published systems we were able to generate immediately testable hypotheses for their improvement. The robust theoretical framework and identified optimization parameters should now enable the precision design of aptazymes for biotechnological and clinical applications.
Diesel Exhaust Odor (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The relationship between diesel exhaust odor and build and setting of the engine is reported. Odor was measured by a panel of observers, using a differential technique. Two odors were presented in each test, one from a reference engine, and one from an engine with variable characteristics. The observers were asked to score the difference between the two odors. This technique reduced the effect of random variations in the observers' sensitivity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The exhaust was passed through a coarse wire-wool filter before presentation to the observers. Thus the results apply to virtually soot-free exhaust. The observers found that odor decreased as load increased, but increased as speed increased. The catalyst removed a substantial amount of odor, but the remaining variables had a far smaller effect.</div>
Sparse parallel Delaunay mesh refinement (2007)

The authors recently introduced the technique of sparse mesh refinement to produce the first near-optimal sequential time bounds of O(n lg L/s+m) for inputs in any fixed dimension with piecewiselinear constraining (PLC) features. This paper extends that work to the parallel case, refining the same inputs in time O(lg(L/s) lgm) on an EREW PRAM while maintaining the work bound; in practice, this means we expect linear speedup for any practical number of processors. This is faster than the best previously known parallel Delaunay mesh refinement algorithms in two dimensions. It is the first technique with work bounds equal to the sequential case. In higher dimension, it is the first provably fast parallel technique for any kind of quality mesh refinement with PLC inputs. Furthermore, the algorithm's implementation is straightforward enough that it is likely to be extremely fast in practice.
Task recommendation for Ubiquitous Learning (2010)

This paper proposes a personal learning assistant called LORAMS (Link of RFID and Movies System), which supports learners with a system to share and reuse learning experiences by linking movies to environmental objects. We assume that every object has RFID tags and mobile devices have a RFID reader and can record a video at anytime and anyplace. By scanning RFID tags of real objects, LORAMS can provide only video segments that include the objects. Also LORAMS recommends the similar videos to be compared. In LORAMS, the video recording and RFID tagging are used purposely to support further teaching or learning rather than ¿just record it and use it in some day¿. We think that LORAMS can be applied to various kinds of domains that employ several kinds of real objects and vary the results depending on the combination of the objects; for example, cooking, checking upon cars such as oils, battery, and tires, surgery operations and chemical bioreactor experimentations.
COMPOUNDING CERAMIC POWDERS PRIOR TO INJECTION MOULDING. (1986)

The fabrication of complex engineering ceramic shapes of high dimensional accuracy and uniform strength can be achieved by slip casting and injection moulding. Injection moulding offers automated production and allows greater versatility of form in component design. In order to fill a mould cavity the ceramic powder should be incorporated into an organic vehicle which confers fluidity. At this early stage in the process poor dispersion of powder and the survival of agglomeration can have an irreparable influence on the final ceramic microstructure and uniformity of shrinkage. The use of a twin screw extruder developed for heavily filled organic polymers and now applied to ceramic engineering is described. The quality of dispersion is compared with other ceramic fabrication routes.
Tyrphostin AG825 triggers p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent apoptosis in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells C4 and C4-2. (2001)

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is aided by abnormal autocrine growth factor loops. We screened for small cell-permeable inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases that could block their signaling and trigger cell death in PCa cell lines. We found that the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu inhibitor tyrphostin AG825 is preferentially toxic to PCa cells that are phenotypically androgen independent. These effects were dose and time dependent in the human LNCaP, C4, and C4-2 cell line models of progression and correlated with the inhibition of HER-2/neu phosphoactivation and its down-regulation. In addition, we show that the inhibition of HER-2/neu signaling with AG825 triggers an imbalance between extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which leads to p38-dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of HER-1 with Compound 56 had no effect. These findings suggest that the androgen-independent C4 and C4-2 cells can be killed by selectively inhibiting their HER-2/neu signaling pathway and provide insights into the mechanism of action of AG825 in PCa cells.
The Rate of Protein Digestion affects Protein Gain Differently during Aging in Humans (2003)

In young men ingesting protein meals, slowly digested proteins (caseins: CAS) induce a higher protein gain than those that are rapidly digested (whey proteins: WP). Our aim was to assess whether or not this is true in elderly men receiving mixed meals. The effects of meals containing either CAS or two different amounts of WP (WP-iN: isonitrogenous with CAS, or WP-iL: providing the same amount of leucine as CAS) on protein metabolism (assessed by combining oral and intravenous leucine tracers) were compared in nine healthy, elderly (mean +/- S.E.M. age 72 +/- 1 years) and six young men (24 +/- 1 years). In both age groups, WP-iL and WP-iN were digested faster than CAS (P < 0.001, ANOVA). Proteolysis was inhibited similarly whatever the meal and age groups (P = NS). Protein synthesis was higher with WP-iN than with CAS or WP-iL (P < 0.01), irrespective of age (P = NS). An age-related effect (P < 0.05) was found with postprandial leucine balance. Leucine balance was higher with CAS than with WP-iL (P < 0.01) in young men, but not in elderly subjects (P = NS). In isonitrogenous conditions, leucine balance was higher with WP-iN than with CAS (P < 0.001) in both age groups, but the magnitude of the differences was higher in the elderly men (P = 0.05). In conclusion, during aging, protein gain was greater with WP (rapidly digested protein), and lower with CAS (slowly digested protein). This suggests that a 'fast' protein might be more beneficial than a 'slow' one to limit protein losses during aging.
Rainbow Product Ranking for Upgrading E-Commerce (2009)

Online product ranking is complicated by conflicting attributes. The authors propose a Rainbow ranking system to solve this problem in e-commerce. This approach extends eBay's one-to-one shopping paradigm to a flexible one with many-to-many transactions. The system demonstrates a 50 to 70 percent transaction increase over skyline and eBay ranking methods. Buyers are allowed personalized selections of commodity products, whereas sellers benefit from both wholesale and retailing online. The Rainbow scheme thus creates a win-win situation for both buyers and sellers in widened e-commerce marketplaces.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in AD (2001)

Proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) studies have found both decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and increased myo-inositol in the occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal regions of patients with AD, even at the early stages of the disease. This diffuse NAA decline is independent of regional atrophy and probably reflects a decrease in neurocellular viability. Reports of such metabolite changes are now emerging in the mild cognitive impairment prodrome and in investigation of the medial temporal lobe. In vivo quantitation of neural choline in AD has been inconclusive because of poor test-retest repeatability. Less robust evidence using phosphorous MRS has shown significant phosphocreatine decline and increments in the cell membrane phosphomonoesters in the early, and possibly asymptomatic, stages of the disease. These phosphorous metabolite disturbances normalize with disease progression. Phosphodiester concentration has been found to correlate strongly with AD plaque counts. MRS of AD has therefore introduced new pathophysiologic speculations. Studies of automated MRS for AD diagnosis have reported high sensitivity and moderate specificity, but are yet to test prospective samples and should be extended to include at least two MRS regions of interest. MRS has promise for predicting cognitive status and monitoring pharmacologic efficacy, and can assess cortical and subcortical neurochemical change.
Human Dmc1 protein binds DNA as an octameric ring (1999)

The bacterial RecA protein has been the most intensively studied enzyme in homologous genetic recombination. The core of RecA is structurally homologous to that of the F1-ATPase and helicases. Like the F1-ATPase and ring helicases, RecA forms a hexameric ring. The human Dmc1 (hDmc1) protein, a meiosis-specific recombinase, is homologous to RecA. We show that hDmc1 forms octameric rings. Unlike RecA and Rad51, however, hDmc1 protein does not form helical filaments. The hDmc1 ring binds DNA in the central channel, as do the ring helicases, which is likely to represent the active form of the protein. These observations indicate that the conservation of the RecA-like ring structure extends from bacteria to humans, and that some RecA homologs may form both rings and filaments, whereas others may function only as rings.
Renal blood flow pattern by noninvasive Doppler ultrasound in normal children and acute renal failure patients. (1989)

A pilot study of the Doppler renal arterial flow pattern was done in a group of 38 normal children, including 11 neonates age 2 weeks or less, 10 infants age 2 weeks to 1 year, and 17 children age 1 year and over. The appearance time, acceleration time, end-diastolic to peak-systolic velocity ratio (d/S), and diastolic to systolic flow ratio (A2/A1) increased with age. Another four patients with acute renal failure showed a characteristic absence of blood flow in the whole or late-diastolic phase. Diastolic flow reappeared with recovery. Doppler renal arterial flow pattern may be a noninvasive investigation of diagnostic and prognostic value.