gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring Performance For Treating Heart Attacks And Heart Failure: The Case For Outcomes Measurement (2007)

To complement the current process measures for treating patients with heart attacks and with heart failure, which target gaps in quality but do not capture patient outcomes, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed the public reporting of hospital-level thirty-day mortality for these conditions in 2007. We present the case for including measurements of outcomes in the assessment of hospital performance, focusing on the care of patients with heart attacks and with heart failure. Recent developments in the methodology and standards for outcomes measurement have laid the groundwork for incorporating outcomes into performance monitoring efforts for these conditions.
Working with women experiencing mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy: the integration of nursing and feminist knowledge in the gynaecological setting (2002)

1. Working with women experiencing a mid-trimester termination of pregnancy is part of clinical practice in many gynaecological services. In this paper recent research with nurses working in the gynaecological area is drawn on to explore the issues for nurses working with women experiencing mid-trimester termination. Mid-trimester terminations are those carried out between approximately 12 and 20 weeks. 2. Mid-trimester termination results in the delivery of a fetus and this event requires sensitive management as it is has the potential to cause distress for the women due to the psychological and physical impact of the procedure. However, health professionals involved can also find this a distressing clinical event due to the complex nature of the management and care required. 3. Consideration of this clinical event from a feminist perspective led to my exploring the way in which feminist theory could be applied in the situation of mid-trimester termination. Using notions from feminist theory can assist in the management of this process, and feminist concepts related to the centrality of women's experience can be integrated into actual practice. 4. A series of recommendations are provided in this paper to show the way in which feminist concepts can be integrated into clinical practice. Integrating feminist principles into practice can support both the woman experiencing the abortion and the nurse whose role in the event is sustained and intimate, and result in positive outcomes for both women. This can result in an environment that is safe and supportive for all women involved in mid-trimester terminations.
Eleostearic Acid Inhibits Breast Cancer Proliferation by Means of an Oxidation-Dependent Mechanism (2009)

Eleostearic acid (alpha-ESA) is a conjugated linolenic acid that makes up approximately 60% of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) seed oil. Prior work found that water extract from bitter melon was able to inhibit breast cancer. Here, we investigated effects of alpha-ESA on both estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 (MDA-wt) and ER-positive MDA-ERalpha7 human breast cancer cells. We found that alpha-ESA inhibited proliferation of both MDA-wt and MDA-ERalpha7 cells, whereas conjugated linoleic acid had comparatively weak antiproliferative activity at 20 to 80 micromol/L concentrations. We also found that alpha-ESA (40 micromol/L) treatment led to apoptosis in the range of 70% to 90% for both cell lines, whereas conjugated linoleic acid (40 micromol/L) resulted in only 5% to 10% apoptosis, similar to results for control untreated cells. Addition of alpha-ESA also caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor as well as endonuclease G from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Additionally, alpha-ESA caused a G(2)-M block in the cell cycle. We also investigated the potential for lipid peroxidation to play a role in the inhibitory action of alpha-ESA. We found that when the breast cancer cells were treated with alpha-ESA in the presence of the antioxidant alpha-tocotrienol (20 micromol/L), the growth inhibition and apoptosis effects of alpha-ESA were lost. An AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor (Dorsomorphin) was also able to partially abrogate the effects of alpha-ESA, whereas a caspase inhibitor (BOC-D-FMK) did not. These results illustrate that alpha-ESA can block breast cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through a mechanism that may be oxidation dependent.
Designing Strained Interface Heterostructures for Memristive Devices (2017)

Ionic heterostructures are used as a strain-modulated memristive device based on the model system Gd<sub>0.1</sub> Ce<sub>0.9</sub> O<sub>2-</sub><sub>δ</sub> /Er<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> to set and tune the property of "memristance." The modulation of interfacial strain and the interface count is used to engineer the R<sub>off</sub> /R<sub>on</sub> ratio and the persistence of the system. A model describing the variation of mixed ionic-electronic mobilities and defect concentrations is presented.
Limitations of Semantic Priming Procedures for Automatic Goal Activation (2005)

According to the auto-motive model, behavioral goals can be automatically activated by situational cues and may subsequently guide behavior without individual awarness. Semantic priming has become a popular paradigm for investigating effects of automatic goal activation. Nevertheless, a critical assumption of the model, i.e., that goals can be activated by semantic primes related to situational features associated with the goal, is often assumed rather than tested in experiments using semantic priming procedures. Results of four studies testing the potential of such a prime for goal activation by assessing emotional responses, subjective goal importance, behavioral intentions, and enhanced perception of goal-related stimuli do not support this assumption. The implications of these findings and a critical evaluation of results of other studies are discussed in terms of possible limitations of semantic priming procedures for testing hypotheses derived from the auto-motive model.
Sources of Field Resistance to Rust and Yellow Mosaic Diseases of Soybean (1974)

A total of 4066 lines of soybean including 5 wild species were screened for resistance to rust and yellow mosaic diseases. Six lines, P. I. 200465 (Fusanaridaizu), P.I. 200466 (Gakubun), P.I. 200477 (Hondadaizu), P.I. 200490 (Keburi), P.I. 200492 (Komata) and P.I. 224268 were found to be free from rust. Thirteen lines developed pink spots on leaves at the point of contact with the rust spores inhibiting further sporulation. These were rated as moderately resistant. These lines are P.I. 88816-S, P.I. 181567, P.I. 200456, P.I. 200474, P.I. 200476, P.I. 224270, P.I. 200487, P.I. 285089, P.I. 341352, E.G. 11695, E.C. 50081, E.G. 26694 and E.C. 36956. Only one line viz. P.I. 171443 was found to be completely resistant to yellow mosaic. Of the 5 wild species G. ussuriensis was susceptible to rust as well as yellow mosaic. G.formosana was susceptible to rust but completely resistant to yellow mosaic. G. tabacina, G. tomentella and G. wightii were resistant to both rust and yellow mosaic. Successful crosses were achieved between G. max and G. ussuriensis and G. formosana.
A Generalized Unsharp Masking Algorithm (2010)

Enhancement of contrast and sharpness of an image is required in many applications. Unsharp masking is a classical tool for sharpness enhancement. We propose a generalized unsharp masking algorithm using the exploratory data model as a unified framework. The proposed algorithm is designed to address three issues: (1) simultaneously enhancing contrast and sharpness by means of individual treatment of the model component and the residual, (2) reducing the halo effect by means of an edge-preserving filter, and (3) solving the out-of-range problem by means of log-ratio and tangent operations. We also present a study of the properties of the log-ratio operations and reveal a new connection between the Bregman divergence and the generalized linear systems. This connection not only provides a novel insight into the geometrical property of such systems, but also opens a new pathway for system development. We present a new system called the tangent system which is based upon a specific Bregman divergence. Experimental results, which are comparable to recently published results, show that the proposed algorithm is able to significantly improve the contrast and sharpness of an image. In the proposed algorithm, the user can adjust the two parameters controlling the contrast and sharpness to produce the desired results. This makes the proposed algorithm practically useful.
Rapid Synthesis of Alkoxyamine Hydrochloride Derivatives from Alkyl Bromide and <i>N,N</i>′-Di-<i>tert</i>-butoxycarbonylhydroxylamine [(Boc)<sub>2</sub>NOH] (2014)

The conventional route to alkoxyamine hydrochloride derivatives is by reaction of alkyl bromides with <i>N</i>-hydroxyphthalimide or <i>N</i>-hydroxysuccinimide followed by addition of hydrazine and HCl. Transformation of an alkyl bromide to the corresponding alkoxyamine hydrochloride can be accomplished more rapidly in high yield and without using hazardous hydrazine by reaction of (Boc)<sub>2</sub>NOH (<i>N,N'-</i>di-<i>tert</i>-butoxycarbonylhydroxylamine) and alkyl bromide followed by addition of HCl. Alkoxyamine hydrochlorides are powerful reagents in organic synthesis that can be used to synthesize alkoxyimino derivatives after condensation with a ketone or aldehyde.
MEMS mirror for flexible z-axis control in a commercial confocal microscope (2012)

We describe the use of a deformable membrane mirror for fast and flexible focus control in a commercial confocal microscope. En-face and oblique imaging over a 55 μm focal range has been demonstrated.
Microelectromechanical wavelength-tunable vertical cavity laser (2002)

Wavelength-tunable semiconductor diode lasers have potential applications ranging from wavelength division multiplexed optical communications and interconnects to spectroscopic remote sensing. A wide and continuous tuning range is desirable in many of these applications; however, monolithically-fabricated devices, which are tuned by refractive index effects, have been limited to a fractional tuning range of 1% at most. Tuning based on micromechanical modulation of the physical cavity length faces no such limitation, and is especially suitable for the short cavity lengths in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Recently we demonstrated a tunable resonant-cavity light emitter based on the micromechanical motion of a suspended gold/silicon nitride top mirror, and achieved pulsed laser oscillation in a similar device. Here we describe continuous-wave operation of a VCSEL operating in a single longitudinal and transverse mode and continuously tunable over 18 nm.
The cDNA sequence and infectious transcripts of peanut stripe virus (1996)

A full-length cDNA clone of the blotch isolate of the peanut stripe potyvirus (PStV) RNA genome was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase promoter. The full-length PStV cDNA clone (PStVSF9) was sequenced and compared to the previously published sequence of PStV-B. In vitro-synthesized PStV transcripts capped with m7GpppG were infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, and the progeny virus was aphid transmissible. To confirm the origin of infection, a mutant PStV (PStVDAE), with a Gly14 to Glu mutation in the coat protein-encoding gene, was constructed. Transcripts from PStVDAE produced symptoms indistinguishable from native or PStVSF9 virus, but was not transmitted by aphids.
Relaxation Spectroscopy of Liquids (1969)

A discussion of ultrasonic, orientational, and dielectric relaxation in liquids showing how these different transport phenomena are related.
Optical Matrix.Matrix Multiplier (1989)

Proposed apparatus for optical multiplication of two matrices based on Stanford optical vector.matrix multiplier. Does not require redundant representation of one of matrices. Because apparatus performs multiplication in fully parallel manner, incorporated as subsystem into large optical-processing system. Optical matrix.matrix multiplier processes inputs in fully parallel fashion, without redundant matrix images or ancillary intermediate electronic processing.
A Novel Miniaturized Broadband Dual-Polarized Dipole Antenna for Base Station (2013)

A novel dual-polarized dipole antenna for base-station applications is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna is composed of a cross dipole, a square loop, a square plate, and a small-size reflector. The square loop and the square plate act as a parasitic radiator and a director, respectively. By introducing the two parts, the impedance bandwidth of the cross dipole can be significantly enhanced, and broadside radiation patterns with narrow beam can be also obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna can operate from 1.71 to 2.69 GHz with low VSWRs at the two ports. High isolation ( > 22 dB) and stable antenna gain (~ 8 dB) are also achieved over the entire operating frequency band. The antenna has symmetrical radiation patterns both in vertical and horizontal planes, and the half-power beamwidth is 70°±5°. Furthermore, the size of the proposed antenna is very compact, which is only 0.513 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.513 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.388 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the center of the operating frequency band.
Possibility of Magnetic Ordered States in Semiconductor Quantum Dot System (1990)

The possibility of magnetic ordered states in a semiconductor quantum dot array is proposed theoretically. On the basis of the calculated on-site repulsion energy and the electron transfer energy, it is found that the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot system can be described by the one-band Hubbard model. Within the framework of the mean field approximation for this model, it is shown that the magnetic ordering such as ferro- and antiferromagnetism can be expected in quantum dot arrays with a dot width and spacing of 50 Å ∼200 Å.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS: PART VIII. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF POLYCYCLICS CONTAINING PHENANTHRENE NUCLEUS (1983)

Abstract Eine Reihe von Cycloadditionen der kondensierten Cyclopentadienone (I) wird beschrieben, z.B. mit Norbornadien (II), dem Acetylen (V), dem Arin (VII) oder dem lnden (X).
Statistical performance analysis of the algebraic constant modulus algorithm (2002)

This paper presents a large sample analysis of the covariance of the beamformers computed by the analytical constant modulus algorithm (ACMA) method for blindly separating constant modulus sources. This can be used to predict the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) performance of these beamformers, as well as their deviation from the (nonblind) Wiener receivers to which they asymptotically converge. The analysis is based on viewing ACMA as a subspace fitting optimization, where the subspace is spanned by the eigenvectors of a fourth-order covariance matrix. The theoretical performance is illustrated by numerical simulations and shows a good match.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression After Human Cardioembolic Stroke (2001)

Background and Purpose — Uncontrolled expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can result in tissue injury and inflammation. In animal models of cerebral ischemia, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly increased. However, their role in human stroke in vivo remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the temporal profile of MMP expression in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to investigate its relationship to stroke severity, location of arterial occlusion, and total infarct volume. Methods — Serial MMP-2 and MMP-9 determinations were made in 39 patients with cardioembolic strokes that involved the middle cerebral artery territory by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples, transcranial Doppler recordings, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at baseline and at 12, 24, and 48 hours after stroke onset. Infarct volume was measured with CT scanning at 48 hours. Results — No correlation was found between MMP-2 and NIHSS score at any time point, although a close relation appeared between mean MMP-9 and final NIHSS score ( r =0.486, P =0.002). MMP-9 value was the only factor associated with the final NIHSS score in the multiple logistic regression model (OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.5 to 13.75). A cut-point of MMP-9 142.18 ng/mL had a positive predictive value of 94.4% to assess a patient’s NIHSS (<8 or ≥8) by the end of the study. Final MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly lower when recanalization occurred (528±144.3 versus 681.4±239.2 ng/mL, P =0.031 for MMP-2; 110.2±100.9 versus 244.8±130 ng/mL, P =0.004 for MMP-9). A positive correlation was found between mean MMP-9 and infarct volume ( r =0.385, P =0.022). Conclusions — MMPs are involved in the acute phase of human ischemic stroke. MMP-9 levels are associated with neurological deficit, middle cerebral artery occlusion, and infarct volume.
Pitfalls in the use of Retrieval Software (1982)

Highlights some of the problems involved in the use of audit retrieval software. Specifically, the following points have been addressed. Defective data may distort the results obtained by using retrieval software. To avoid such distortion, the auditor should employ an integrity oriented retrieval strategy. Guidelines for developing integrity oriented retrievals were provided. The auditor's perspective in parallel processing was defined. Guidelines for performing audits based on parallel processing were established.
Pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine and its main metabolites after single intravenous and oral administrations in rats at two dose rates (2014)

The plasma concentration of the MRZ metabolite 8-OH was undetectable, and the oral bioavailability of the parental drug was very low.
Continuous space language models for statistical machine translation (2006)

Statistical machine translation systems are based on one or more translation models and a language model of the target language. While many different translation models and phrase extraction algorithms have been proposed, a standard word n-gram back-off language model is used in most systems.
Preactivation exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to taurine chloramine attenuates subsequent production of nitric oxide and expression of iNOS mRNA (1997)

Recent studies demonstrate that taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide (NO) and other proinflammatory mediators in cultured macrophages when added to the media at the time of activation. Because Tau-Cl may react with various media constituents and it is difficult to measure Tau-Cl in complex solutions, we designed experiments to more carefully control cell exposure to various chloramines and NaOCl. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to 1 mM of NaOCl, Tau-Cl, or chloramine preparations of the following amino acids: L-alanine (L-Ala-Cl), beta-alanine (beta-Ala-Cl), serine (Ser-Cl), or glycine (Gly-Cl) in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) for up to 2 h (37 degrees C, 5% CO2). The HBSS solution was then replaced with complete media containing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for an additional 24 h before measuring cell viability. The chemical stability of NaOCl and each chloramine was evaluated after various times of preactivation exposure by measuring retention of each solution's UV absorption spectra and ability to oxidize KI. Cytotoxicity of each solution was evaluated by the maintained ability of RAW 264.7 cells to reduce MTT. Whereas Tau-Cl, beta-Ala-Cl, and Gly-Cl were stable chloramines, only Tau-Cl was not cytotoxic. L-Ala-Cl, Ser-Cl, and the highly reactive oxidant NaOCl were unstable and toxic. In further studies RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to Tau-Cl in HBSS for 2 h and the solution was then replaced with complete media containing IFN-gamma and LPS, taxol, lipoarabinomannan, or interleukin-2. Production of NO was measured 24 h later and was inhibited in activated cells that were previously exposed to Tau-Cl. Inhibition of NO production was dependent on Tau-Cl concentration and was accounted for by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA, regardless of activator combinations. These results support the idea that Tau-Cl has the potential to function as an inhibitory modulator of inflammations.
Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices (2014)

This review highlights the state of the art in the field of continuous flow nitration with miniaturized devices. Although nitration has been one of the oldest and most important unit reactions, the advent of miniaturized devices has paved the way for new opportunities to reconsider the conventional approach for exothermic and selectivity sensitive nitration reactions. Four different approaches to flow nitration with microreactors are presented herein and discussed in view of their advantages, limitations and applicability of the information towards scale-up. Selected recent patents that disclose scale-up methodologies for continuous flow nitration are also briefly reviewed.
Processing‐Related Fracture Origins: IV, Elimination of Voids Produced by Organic Inclusions (1986)

Organic inclusions (e.g. lint) produce irregularly shaped voids observed at fracture origins. These voids can be eliminated from a powder compact by an organic burnout followed by isopressing at room temperature prior to sintering. This procedure was demonstrated for the case of voids produced by polystyrene spheres 4 to 100 μm in diameter .
High Performance Software Coherence for Current and Future Architectures (1995)

Shared memory provides an attractive and intuitive programming model for large-scale parallel computing, but requires a coherence mechanism to allow caching for performance while ensuring that processors do not use stale data in their computation. Implementation options range from distributed shared memory emulations on networks of workstations to tightly coupled fully cache-coherent distributed shared memory multiprocessors. Previous work indicates that performance varies dramatically from one end of this spectrum to the other. Hardware cache coherence is fast, but also costly and time-consuming to design and implement, while DSM systems provide acceptable performance on only a limit class of applications. We claim that an intermediate hardware option-memory-mapped network interfaces that support a global physical address space, without cache coherence-can provide most of the performance benefits of fully cache-coherent hardware, at a fraction of the cost. To support this claim we present a software coherence protocol that runs on this class of machines, and use simulation to conduct a performance study. We look at both programming and architectural issues in the context of software and hardware coherence protocols. Our results suggest that software coherence on NCC-NUMA machines in a more cost-effective approach to large-scale shared-memory multiprocessing than either pure distributed shared memory or hardware cache coherence.