gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image-based deformable motion compensation for interventional cone-beam CT (2019)

Purpose: Interventional cone-beam CT (CBCT) is used for 3D guidance in interventional radiology (IR) procedures in the abdomen, with extended presence in trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) interventions for liver cancer. Image quality in this scenario is challenged by complex motion of soft-tissue abdominal structures, and by long acquisition times. We propose an image-based approach to estimate complex deformable motion through a combination of locally rigid motion trajectories. Methods: Deformable motion is estimated by minimizing a multi-region autofocus cost function. Motion is considered locally rigid for each region of interest (ROI) and the deformable motion field is obtained through spatial spline-based interpolation of the local trajectories. The multi-component cost function includes two regularization terms; one to penalize abrupt temporal transitions, and another to penalize abrupt spatial changes in the trajectory. Performance of deformable motion compensation was assessed in simulation studies with a digital abdomen phantom featuring a motion-induced deformable liver in static surrounding anatomy. Spherical inserts (4 – 12 mm diameter, -100 – 100 HU contrast) were placed in the liver. Image quality was evaluated by structural similarity (SSIM) with the static image as reference. Results: Motion compensated liver images showed better delineation of structure boundaries and recovery of distorted spherical shapes compared to their motion-corrupted counterparts. Consistent increase in SSIM was observed after motion compensation for the range of motion amplitudes studied (4 mm to 10 mm), showing 11% and 26% greater SSIM for 4 mm and 10 mm motion, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate feasibility of image-based deformable motion compensation in soft-tissue abdominal CBCT imaging.
Determination of Water in Slurries by Fiber-Optic Raman Spectroscopy (1995)

We have examined the feasibility of the remote determination of water in a sodium nitrate matrix by fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy with multichannel detection. The direct determination based on the Raman line due to OH bending is shown to be possible but relatively insensitive. A determination based on the ratio of signals due to dissolved and solid nitrate is shown to provide a water detection limit of less than 1% for a measurement time of one minute.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Cryptococcus gattii from the Pacific Northwest Reveals Unexpected Diversity (2011)

A recent emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest involves strains that fall into three primarily clonal molecular subtypes: VGIIa, VGIIb and VGIIc. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and variable number tandem repeat analysis appear to identify little diversity within these molecular subtypes. Given the apparent expansion of these subtypes into new geographic areas and their ability to cause disease in immunocompetent individuals, differentiation of isolates belonging to these subtypes could be very important from a public health perspective. We used whole genome sequence typing (WGST) to perform fine-scale phylogenetic analysis on 20 C. gattii isolates, 18 of which are from the VGII molecular type largely responsible for the Pacific Northwest emergence. Analysis both including and excluding (289,586 SNPs and 56,845 SNPs, respectively) molecular types VGI and VGIII isolates resulted in phylogenetic reconstructions consistent, for the most part, with MLST analysis but with far greater resolution among isolates. The WGST analysis presented here resulted in identification of over 100 SNPs among eight VGIIc isolates as well as unique genotypes for each of the VGIIa, VGIIb and VGIIc isolates. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found within each of the molecular subtype isolates, despite the fact that the VGIIb clade is thought to have emerged much earlier. The analysis presented here is the first multi-genome WGST study to focus on the C. gattii molecular subtypes involved in the Pacific Northwest emergence and describes the tools that will further our understanding of this emerging pathogen.
Accessory cell requirement for activation antigen expression and cell cycle progression by human T lymphocytes. (1984)

Stringent accessory cell (AC) depletion by a three-step procedure--plastic adherence, nylon wool adherence, followed by simultaneous treatment with two anti-AC monoclonal antibodies + complement--has allowed the demonstration of several AC-dependent stages in the T cell activation pathway. Simultaneous analysis of DNA content and cell surface immunofluorescence (correlation of activation antigen expression with cell cycle position) or DNA and RNA content (cell cycle position) of cultured cells was accomplished by dual parameter flow cytometry. AC-depleted, PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBTL) failed to exhibit "early" indicators of activation, including increased RNA content, expression of three activation-associated cell surface proteins (IL 2 receptor, transferrin receptor, and 4F2 protein), and the production of IL 2. The AC-depleted PBTL that failed to express these "early" markers of activation also failed to progress into the "late" phase of activation, DNA synthesis. All indicators of PHA responsiveness were fully replenished upon addition of AC but were only reconstituted to intermediate levels by addition of excess quantities of either highly purified IL 1 or crude AC-conditioned medium with lymphocyte-activating factor activity. These data suggest that the AC membrane plays a key and as yet undefined role in the stimulation of T cells by PHA.
A novel capacitive type miniature microphone with a flexure hinge diaphragm (2006)

This paper presents a novel, highly sensitive condenser microphone with a flexure hinge diaphragm. We used the finiteelement analysis (FEA) to evaluate the mechanical and acoustic performance of the condenser microphone with a hinge diaphragm. And we fabricated the miniature condenser microphones with area of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. From the simulation and measurement results, we confirmed that the maximum displacements at the center of flexure hinge diaphragms are several hundred times, compared with flat diaphragms. Moreover, the miniature microphones have obtained -3 dB bandwidth of nearly 20 kHz by proper design of the flexure hinge diaphragms.
Vibration Induced Fatigue Assessment In Vehicle Development Process (2012)

Improvement in CAE methods has an important role for shortening of the vehicle product development time. It is provided that validation of the design and improvements in terms of durability can be done without hardware prototype production. In recent years, several different methods have been developed in order to investigate fatigue damage of the vehicle. The intended goal among these methods is prediction of fatigue damage in a short time with reduced costs. This study developed a new fatigue damage prediction method in the automotive sector using power spectrum densities of accelerations. This study also confirmed that the weak region in vehicle can be easily detected with the method developed in this study which results were compared with conventional method.
Pulse detonation engine air induction system analysis (1996)

A preliminary mixed-compression inlet design concept for potential pulse-detonation engine (PDE) powered supersonic aircraft was defined and analyzed. The objectives of this research were to conceptually design and integrate an inlet/PDE propulsion system into a supersonic aircraft, perform time-dependent CFD analysis of the inlet flowfield, and to estimate the installed PDE cycle performance. The study was baselined to a NASA Mach 5 Waverider study vehicle in which the baseline over/under turboramjet engines were replaced with a single flowpath PDE propulsion system. As much commonality as possible was maintained with the baseline configuration, including the engine location and forebody lines. Modifications were made to the inlet system's external ramp angles and a rotating cowl lip was incorporated to improve off-design inlet operability and performance. Engines were sized to match the baseline vehicle study's ascent trajectory thrust requirement at Mach 1.2. The majority of this study was focused on a flight Mach number of 3.0. The time-dependent Navier Stokes CFD analyses of a two-dimensional approximation of the inlet was conducted for the Mach 3.0 condition. The Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Systems-developed FALCON CFD code with a two equation 'k-1' turbulence model was used. The downstream PDE was simulated by an array of four sonic nozzles in which the flow areas were rapidly varied in various opening/closing combinations. Results of the CFD study indicated that the inlet design concept operated successfully at the Mach 3.0 condition, satisfying mass capture, total pressure recovery, and operability requirements. Time-dependent analysis indicated that pressure and expansion waves from the simulated valve perturbations did not effect the inlet's operability or performance.
The adrenergic receptors of the intraocular muscles of the human eye. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Nutritional assessment: Whole body impedance and body fluid compartments (1980)

Abstract Measures of total body water and extracellular fluid volume would provide valuable information for the assessment of nutritional status in patients. Time and cost factors make the use of tracer dilution techniques impractical in routine nutritional assessment batteries. Some studies suggest that measurements of the electrical impedance properties of the body can be used to estimate total body water and extracellular fluid volume. The observed and predicted relationships between whole body impedance and body fluid compartment volumes are discussed, and problems which may limit the accuracy of prediction of body fluid compartment volume from whole body impedance measures are discussed. With further improvements, whole body impedance measurement could provide a practical bedside method for measurement of body fluid compartment volumes.
Engineering a safer world: systems thinking applied to safety (2012)

A new approach to safety, based on systems thinking, that is more effective, less costly, and easier to use than current techniques.Engineering has experienced a technological revolution, but the basic engineering techniques applied in safety and reliability engineering, created in a simpler, analog world, have changed very little over the years. In this groundbreaking book, Nancy Leveson proposes a new approach to safety—more suited to today's complex, sociotechnical, software-intensive world—based on modern systems thinking and systems theory. Revisiting and updating ideas pioneered by 1950s aerospace engineers in their System Safety concept, and testing her new model extensively on real-world examples, Leveson has created a new approach to safety that is more effective, less expensive, and easier to use than current techniques.Arguing that traditional models of causality are inadequate, Leveson presents a new, extended model of causation (Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, or STAMP), then shows how the new model can be used to create techniques for system safety engineering, including accident analysis, hazard analysis, system design, safety in operations, and management of safety-critical systems. She applies the new techniques to real-world events including the friendly-fire loss of a U.S. Blackhawk helicopter in the first Gulf War; the Vioxx recall; the U.S. Navy SUBSAFE program; and the bacterial contamination of a public water supply in a Canadian town. Leveson's approach is relevant even beyond safety engineering, offering techniques for “reengineering” any large sociotechnical system to improve safety and manage risk.
GEMMW: A Portable Level 3 BLAS Winograd Variant of Strassen's Matrix-Matrix Multiply Algorithm (1994)

Matrix-matrix multiplication is normally computed using one of the BLAS or a reinvention of part of the BLAS. Unfortunately, the BLAS were designed with small matrices in mind. When huge, well-conditioned matrices are multiplied together, the BLAS perform like the blahs, even on vector machines. For matrices where the coefficients are well conditioned. Winograd's variant of Strassen's algorithm offers some relief, but is rarely available in a quality form on most computers. We reconsider this method and offer a highly portable solution based on the Level 3 BLAS interface.
Electroless Plating of Iron onto Cellulose Fibers (2006)

We describe a new electroless iron bath capable of depositing a ferromagnetic FeB coating onto Pd/Sn-catalyzed substrates at room temperature without the need for an accompanying galvanic couple and illustrate its use for the fabrication of magnetic cellulose microfibers. The new electroless iron bath contains Fe2+ as the metal source, citrate as the metal chelator, boric acid buffer as the pH controller, and borohydride as the reductant. Surface analysis following plating confirms the deposition of an amorphous FeB coating of composition ∼Fe10B onto the microfiber surface. Through the use of two-level factorial design statistical methods, we characterize the effects of plating variables (i.e., bath pH and concentrations of each bath component) on bath behavior, identifying pH as the sole factor influencing the mass of plated Fe and establishing optimal, reproducible conditions for electroless Fe deposition.
Measuring and analyzing service levels: a scalable passive approach (2002)

Internet service providers are increasingly trying to differentiate themselves in terms of the service performance that they provide to their users. In this paper, we have developed a scalable service level monitoring methodology to assess user satisfaction without injecting any measurement traffic. Specifically, we suggest Web throughput as a service level metric, outline possible ways to measure it and discuss the advantages of passive observations of actual user activity. We further propose a statistical data analysis method that analyzes passive throughput measurements and quantifies user satisfaction/dissatisfaction and the confidence that the provider may have in the collected data, i.e. data reliability. The proposed technique is based on the premise that the service provider is interested in continuously monitoring the service levels being offered to a majority of the users over a long enough time. We present results of a real-world experiment that demonstrates that, with careful data analysis, passive measurements can effectively detect service problems. Our experiments also indicate that, for 90% of the time, the results of reliable passive measurements agree with those of random active measurements. Unlike active measurements, passive measurements do not generate additional traffic in the network, and hence are preferred. The underlying approach may also provide a communication vehicle between service sales/marketing and operations/capacity planning aspects of service provisioning.
Smart real-time traffic congestion estimation and clustering technique for urban vehicular roads (2016)

Road-traffic congestion is becoming a serious concern in developing countries and impacts the economy of countries gravely. Increasing congestion on urban roads presents a genuine threat to the economic growth and livability of city regions. Most traffic congestions are caused due to unplanned road networks, high volumes of vehicles and presence of critical congestion areas. Traffic congestions not only pose a threat to the economy but also to the environment. Spillover effect from congested main roads to secondary roads and side streets as alternative routes often leads to more congestion; increasing the chances of collisions and accidents due to tight spacing and constant stopping-and-going. The following paper presents a smart congestion avoidance technique by estimating the scope of real-time traffic congestion on urban road networks and predicts an alternate shortest route to the destination. The proposed system uses K-Means Clustering Algorithm to estimate the magnitude of congestion on different roads and then employs Dijkstra's Algorithm to predict the shortest route. Once the user inputs the destination into the system, the system predicts the shortest route from the user's current location. The process is reiterated at every intersection until user reaches the destination.
Numerical Methods with MATLAB: A Resource for Scientists and Engineers (1996)

From the Publisher:
NUMERICAL METHODS WITH MATLAB® is intended as a resource or compendium of methods suitable for use in numerical methods and engineering problem-solving courses. This book details the main topics of numerical methods, such as linear analysis, analysis of functions of one or several variables, data analysis and modeling, and the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations. Borse emphasizes practical applications, while providing sufficient theory for students to understand the underlying operation, and strengths and weaknesses, of each technique. MATLAB® is used throughout; the text works equally well for students with or without prior background in MATLAB®. Students inexperienced in the use of MATLAB® can refer to the MATLAB® programming appendix at the back of the book, which introduces MATLAB® topics in the same sequence as they are presented in the numerical methods sections of the text. A computer disk containing a MATLAB® tutorial accompanies the text.
The Anti-Allodynic Effects of Amitriptyline, Gabapentin, and Lidocaine in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain (1998)

In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of three drugs commonly used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Systemic injections of amitriptyline, gabapentin, or lidocaine produced pain-relieving effects in this established model for neuropathic pain in rats, which supports their clinical use in managing patients with neuropathic pain syndromes.
Nuclear Concentration of<sup>3</sup>H-estradiol in Target Tissues. Dry-Mount Autoradiography of Vagina, Oviduct, Ovary, Testis, Mammary Tumor, Liver and Adrenal<sup>1</sup> (1969)

Distribution of radioactivity in target and nontarget tissues has been studied by dry-mount high resolution autoradiography at different time intervals after the injection of 6,7-3H-estradiol-17β in intact immature and castrated mature rats. A nuclear concentration of 3H-estradiol appears to be characteristic for all target tissues studied, that is, in epithelial cells, connective tissue cells and muscle cells of the uterus, vagina and oviduct; in epithelial cells of the induced mammary tumors; in acidophiles, basophiles and chromophobes of the adenohypophysis; and in neurons concentrated in circumscribed areas of the brain. Radioactivity was also concentrated in nuclei of granulosa cells of the ovary and interstitial cells of the testis. In target cells the silver grain concentration over nuclei appeared random and without accumulation at nucleoli. A relatively small amount of radioactivity was also found in the cytoplasm. In nontarget tissues such as liver and adrenal, no nuclear concentration of radioactivity existed. The nuclear concentration of the hormone is interpreted as being suggestive of a genomic effect not only in peripheral target tissues but also in the pituitary and brain, that is, in tissues associated with the feedback control of sexual functions. (Endocrinology85: 31, 1969)
Microfibril‐associated Protein 4 Binds to Surfactant Protein A (SP‐A) and Colocalizes with SP‐A in the Extracellular Matrix of the Lung (2006)

Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) is an oligomeric collectin that recognizes lipid and carbohydrate moieties present on broad range of micro-organisms, and mediates microbial lysis and clearance. SP-A also modulates multiple immune-related functions including cytokine production and chemotaxis for phagocytes. Here we describe the molecular interaction between the extracellular matrix protein microfibril-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) and SP-A. MFAP4 is a collagen-binding molecule containing a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain and a N-terminal located integrin-binding motif. We produced recombinant MFAP4 with a molecular mass of 36 and 66 kDa in the reduced and unreduced states respectively. Gel filtration chromatography and chemical crosslinking showed that MFAP4 forms oligomers of four dimers. We demonstrated calcium-dependent binding between MFAP4 and human SP-A1 and SP-A2. No binding was seen to recombinant SP-A composed of the neck region and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A indicating that the interaction between MFAP4 and SP-A is mediated via the collagen domain of SP-A. Monoclonal antibodies directed against MFAP4 and SP-A were used for immunohistochemical analysis, which demonstrates that the two molecules colocalize both on the elastic fibres in the interalveolar septum and in elastic lamina of pulmonary arteries of chronically inflamed lung tissue. We conclude, that MFAP4 interacts with SP-A via the collagen region in vitro, and that MFAP4 and SP-A colocates in different lung compartments indicating that the interaction may be operative in vivo.
MIRAI architecture for heterogeneous network (2002)

One of the keywords that describe next-generation wireless communications is "seamless." As part of the e-Japan Plan promoted by the Japanese Government, the Multimedia Integrated Network by Radio Access Innovation project has as its goal the development of new technologies to enable seamless integration of various wireless access systems for practical use by 2005. This article describes a heterogeneous network architecture including a common tool, a common platform, and a common access. In particular, software-defined radio technologies are used to develop a multiservice user terminal to access different wireless networks. The common platform for various wireless networks is based on a wireless-supporting IPv6 network. A basic access network, separated from other wireless access networks, is used as a means for wireless system discovery, signaling, and paging. A proof-of-concept experimental demonstration system is available.
Transforming the Patient Care Environment with Lean Six Sigma and Realistic Evaluation (2009)

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a structured methodology for transforming processes, but it does not fully consider the complex social interactions that cause processes to form in hospital organizations. By combining LSS implementations with the concept of Realistic Evaluation, a methodology that promotes change by assessing and considering the individual characteristics of an organization's social environment, successful and sustainable process improvement is more likely.