gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Dye Adsorption via Surface Modification of TiO<sub>2</sub> Photoanodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

A facile method for increasing the reaction rate of dye adsorption, which is the most time-consuming step in the production of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), was developed. Treatment of a TiO2 photoanode with aqueous nitric acid solution (pH 1) remarkably reduced the reaction time required to anchor a carboxylate anion of the dye onto the TiO2 nanoparticle surface. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the dye adsorption process became 18 times faster than that of the conventional adsorption method. We studied the influence of the nitric acid treatment on the properties of TiO2 nanostructures, binding modes of the dye, and adsorption kinetics, and found that the reaction rate improved via the synergistic effects of the following: (1) electrostatic attraction between the positively charged TiO2 surface and ruthenium anion increases the collision frequency between the adsorbent and the anchoring group of the dye; (2) the weak anchoring affinity of NO3(-) in nitric acid with metal oxides enables the rapid coordination of an anionic dye with the metal oxide; and (3) sufficient acidity of the nitric acid solution effectively increases the positive charge density on the TiO2 surface without degrading or transforming the TiO2 nanostructure. These results demonstrate the developed method is effective for reducing the overall fabrication time without sacrificing the performance and long-term stability of DSSCs.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing Ensemble Effects in Surface Reactions. Part 1. Site‐Size Requirements for the Dehydrogenation of Cyclic Hydrocarbons on Pt(111) Revealed by Bismuth Site Blocking (1989)

ChemInformVolume 20, Issue 19 Article ChemInform Abstract: Probing Ensemble Effects in Surface Reactions. Part 1. Site-Size Requirements for the Dehydrogenation of Cyclic Hydrocarbons on Pt(111) Revealed by Bismuth Site Blocking C. T. CAMPBELL, C. T. CAMPBELL Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. CAMPBELL, J. M. CAMPBELL Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorP. J. DALTON, P. J. DALTON Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorF. C. HENN, F. C. HENN Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. RODRIGUEZ, J. A. RODRIGUEZ Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. G. SEIMANIDES, S. G. SEIMANIDES Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this author C. T. CAMPBELL, C. T. CAMPBELL Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. CAMPBELL, J. M. CAMPBELL Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorP. J. DALTON, P. J. DALTON Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorF. C. HENN, F. C. HENN Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. RODRIGUEZ, J. A. RODRIGUEZ Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this authorS. G. SEIMANIDES, S. G. SEIMANIDES Dep. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: May 9, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198919086Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue19May 9, 1989 RelatedInformation
Genomic Profiling of Patient-Derived Xenografts for Lung Cancer Identifies <i>B2M</i> Inactivation Impairing Immunorecognition (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> We aimed to maximize the performance of detecting genetic alterations in lung cancer using high-throughput sequencing for patient-derived xenografts (PDXs).<b>Experimental Design:</b> We undertook an integrated RNA and whole-exome sequencing of 14 PDXs. We focused on the genetic and functional analysis of β2-microglobulin (B2M), a component of the HLA class-I complex.<b>Results:</b> We identified alterations in genes involved in various functions, such as <i>B2M</i> involved in immunosurveillance. We extended the mutational analysis of <i>B2M</i> to about 230 lung cancers. Five percent of the lung cancers carried somatic mutations, most of which impaired the correct formation of the HLA-I complex. We also report that genes such as <i>CALR, PDIA3</i>, and <i>TAP1</i>, which are involved in the maturation of the HLA-I complex, are altered in lung cancer. By gene expression microarrays, we observed that restitution of <i>B2M</i> in lung cancer cells upregulated targets of IFNα/IFNγ. Furthermore, one third of the lung cancers lacked the HLA-I complex, which was associated with lower cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte infiltration. The levels of B2M and HLA-I proteins correlated with those of PD-L1. Finally, a deficiency in HLA-I complex and CD8<sup>+</sup> infiltration tended to correlate with reduced survival of patients with lung cancer treated with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1.<b>Conclusions:</b> Here, we report recurrent inactivation of <i>B2M</i> in lung cancer. These observations, coupled with the mutations found at <i>CALR, PDIA3</i>, and <i>TAP1</i>, and the downregulation of the HLA-I complex, indicate that an abnormal immunosurveillance axis contributes to lung cancer development. Finally, our observations suggest that an impaired HLA-I complex affects the response to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapies. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3203-13. ©2016 AACR</i>.
<scp>CO</scp>, Formic Acid, and Methanol Oxidation in Acid Electrolytes–Mechanisms and Electrocatalysis (2003)

Abstract The sections in this article are Scope of the Chapter Basic Facts Thermodynamics, Open‐circuit Potentials Reaction Pathways Bifunctional Mechanism of Methanol Oxidation Oxidation of CO , Formic Acid, and Methanol at Pt Metals Results via CV and MSCV Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Methanol Oxidation Formic Acid Oxidation Study of Adsorbates via FTIRS Carbon Monoxide Formic Acid The Anodic Maximum of Formic Acid Oxidation below 0.5 V Methanol Metal Alloys and Binary Metal Catalysts CO Oxidation Oxidation of Methanol Ad‐atom Effects on Formic Acid Oxidation Surface Structure and Methanol Electrocatalysis Ex Situ STM Images Taken during Methanol Oxidation via UHV Transfer Current Decay at Smooth Surfaces Rate‐determining Step of Methanol Oxidation Instabilities – Oscillations during the Oxidation of Formic Acid, Methanol, and Carbon Monoxide General Conditions for Electrochemical Instabilities Potential Oscillations during Formic Acid Oxidation Current Oscillations during Methanol Oxidation Current Oscillations during CO Oxidation at a Rotating Disc Nonelectrochemical Pathway of Methanol Oxidation
Immunocytochemical localization of cleaved caspase-3 in pancreatic islets from type 1 diabetic subjects (2010)

The islets from type 1 diabetics were a mixture of major small-sized islets consisting of insulin-poor and glucagon-rich cells with more caspase-3 positive cells, and occasional large islets, consisting of non-insulin-cells (> 1%) but glucagon- , somatostatin- and PP-rich cells with normal caspase-3 positive cells. The more positive staining for caspase-3 in islets from type 1 diabetics may correspond to accelerated apoptosis cascade in the islets before processing to eventual cell death.
Ship Stability Study in the Coastal Region: New Coastal Wave Model Coupled with a Dynamic Stability Model (2001)

Dynamic stability assessments of Navy ships can readily be performed for deep ocean regions. Recent emphasis on joint operations in littoral regions has identified the need to include the effects of coastal wave dynamics in the stability assessments because the waves are significantly different from deep ocean waves. In coastal regions, the major source function, nonlinear wave-wave interactions significantly increase as water depth decreases, significantly reducing the fetch limit, causing the wind generated waves to grow faster and steeper than in the deep ocean. Coast region wave dynamics are further complicated by the very low frequency waves, such as, edge waves, bottom topographic waves, as well as solitons, etc. Wave-current interactions become very important in littoral regions, and it can generate coastal-trapped waves and seamount trapped waves. Waves in coastal regions can grow faster and steeper than in the deep ocean. This raises the possibility that dynamic capsize is more likely in coastal waters in comparison to deep water. In this paper the authors will conduct a comparative assessment between deep ocean capsize predictions and coastal waters capsize predictions. Wave predictions using the New Coastal Wave Model (Lin et al) will be coupled with the FREDYN dynamic stability model (de Kat et al) in the capsize assessment of a frigate-type vessel. The New Coastal Wave Model won the competition in both accuracy and efficiency in the international conference “Base Enhancement Wave Prediction” in 1998.
Dual Online Stein Variational Inference for Control and Dynamics (2021)

Model predictive control (MPC) schemes have a proven track record for delivering aggressive and robust performance in many challenging control tasks, coping with nonlinear system dynamics, constraints, and observational noise. Despite their success, these methods often rely on simple control distributions, which can limit their performance in highly uncertain and complex environments. MPC frameworks must be able to accommodate changing distributions over system parameters, based on the most recent measurements. In this paper, we devise an implicit variational inference algorithm able to estimate distributions over model parameters and control inputs on-the-fly. The method incorporates Stein Variational gradient descent to approximate the target distributions as a collection of particles, and performs updates based on a Bayesian formulation. This enables the approximation of complex multi-modal posterior distributions, typically occurring in challenging and realistic robot navigation tasks. We demonstrate our approach on both simulated and realworld experiments requiring real-time execution in the face of dynamically changing environments.
Clinical Trials of Arsenic Trioxide in Hematologic and Solid Tumors: Overview of the National Cancer Institute Cooperative Research and Development Studies (2001)

Arsenic trioxide inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis in many different cancer cell lines. The National Cancer Institute is working cooperatively with research centers across the U.S. to evaluate its clinical activity in hematologic malignancies, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma. It is also supporting research in solid tumors, such as advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer and renal cell cancer and in cervical cancer and refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The safety and pharmacokinetics of arsenic trioxide are also being evaluated in pediatric patients with refractory leukemia and lymphoma. The results of these ongoing studies should provide important insights into the clinical utility of arsenic trioxide in these diseases.
Overdriver (2011)

With the intense competition between cloud providers, oversubscription is increasingly important to maintain profitability. Oversubscribing physical resources is not without consequences: it increases the likelihood of overload. Memory overload is particularly damaging. Contrary to traditional views, we analyze current data center logs and realistic Web workloads to show that overload is largely transient: up to 88.1% of overloads last for less than 2 minutes. Regarding overload as a continuum that includes both transient and sustained overloads of various durations points us to consider mitigation approaches also as a continuum, complete with tradeoffs with respect to application performance and data center overhead. In particular, heavyweight techniques, like VM migration, are better suited to sustained overloads, whereas lightweight approaches, like network memory, are better suited to transient overloads. We present Overdriver, a system that adaptively takes advantage of these tradeoffs, mitigating all overloads within 8% of well-provisioned performance. Furthermore, under reasonable oversubscription ratios, where transient overload constitutes the vast majority of overloads, Overdriver requires 15% of the excess space and generates a factor of four less network traffic than a migration-only approach.
A Salicylic Acid-Binding Activity and a Salicylic Acid-Inhibitable Catalase Activity Are Present in a Variety of Plant Species (1994)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the salicylic acid (SA)-binding protein (SABP) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is a SA-inhibitable catalase (Z. Chen, H. Silva, D.F. Klessig [1993] Science 262: 1883-1886). Here we report the presence of SABP and SA-inhibitable catalase activity in Arabidopsis, tomato, and cucumber. The cucumber SABP has properties similar to the tobacco SABP, including binding affinity and specificity for SA.
A VAR analysis of Singapore's monetary transmission mechanism (2004)

The Singapore economy has experienced greater business cycle fluctuations in recent years, being subject to recurrent shocks from the external environment. Given the extreme openness of the economy—Singapore’s export share of GDP is approximately 180%—it is not surprising that the main cause of the increase in economic volatility is a rise in the frequency and magnitude of exogenous shocks. These include the downswing in the global electronics industry in 1996–97, the Asian financial crisis in 1997–98, the burst of the information technology bubble in 2001, and the outbreak of the SARS respiratory disease in 2003. Such a close sequence of external shocks no doubt induced turbulences in the economy.
High-density laser-assisted magnetic recording on TbFeCo media with an Al underlayer (2003)

The effects of an Al underlayer with a nanoscaled rugged structure are studied on the laser-assisted magnetic recording of TbFeCo media. The performance of laser-assisted recording is dramatically improved by employing the Al underlayer. The reproducing signal is observed at the linear density of 450 kilo-flux change per inch. The relationship between the surface morphology and the magnetic properties of TbFeCo media proves that the nanoscaled rugged structure of Al underlayers influences the process of the magnetization reversal; in particular, the coercivity and the exchange interaction are significantly changed in the TbFeCo media. The authors conclude that the nanoscaled rugged structure of the Al underlayer leads to magnetic pinning sites, which impede the motion of a magnetic domain wall, and thereby the laser-assisted recording performance is improved.
Evidence for specific cognitive deficits in preclinical Huntington's disease (1998)

The performance of 54 subjects genetically at risk for Huntington's disease was examined in double-blind fashion on a series of computerized tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. None of the subjects exhibited clinical movement disorder characteristic of Huntington's disease. Of the 54 subjects, 22 were Huntington's disease mutation carriers and 32 were non-carriers. On a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests previously shown to be sensitive to the early stages of clinical Huntington's disease, Huntington's disease mutation carriers exhibited highly specific cognitive deficits. In particular, Huntington's disease mutation carriers performed significantly less well than non-carriers, matched for age and IQ, on tests of attentional set shifting and semantic verbal fluency. Furthermore, performance on these two tests was significantly correlated, even after partialling out the effects of age and IQ. It is suggested that these cognitive impairments relate to a common deficit in inhibitory control mechanisms, under the control of striatofrontal mechanisms, and that such a deficit is present in Huntington's disease mutation carriers prior to the onset of definite motor symptomatology. The implications for the nature of the cognitive decline seen in Huntington's disease, and possible future treatment strategies, are discussed.
Selective etching of Al/AlN structures for metallization of surface acoustic wave devices (2002)

Metallization is a critical step in the fabrication of high frequency AlN thin film based surface acoustic wave devices. Both state-of-the-art lithography as well as high selectivity and anisotropy during etching of Al with respect to AlN are required for low loss and high performance devices. In this work, the etch rates of reactively sputtered AlN, sputtered Al, thermal SiO2, and Shipley 1813 photoresist as well as the selectivity among Al/AlN, Al/SiO2, and resist/Al have been systematically studied during inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. Emphasis is focused on obtaining high Al etch rates, while at the same time keeping the etch rate of AlN and that of the resist sufficiently low. High anisotropy is obtained by passivating the sidewalls by the addition of oxygen. The recipe developed is based on a modified Al etch using a mixture of BCl3, Cl2, O2. The parameters varied were gas composition, and substrate bias. Generally it is found that the Al etch rate exhibits a maximum with the O2 flow, while the AlN etch rate decreases monotonically. Substrate bias is found also to be an important parameter with respect to both etch rate and selectivity. At optimized conditions with respect to process selectivity (500 W ICP power, 83 V bias, 50 sccm BCl3, 25 sccm Cl2, 10 sccm O2, pressure 10 mTorr) the Al etch rate is 1000 nm/min with a selectivity of 1000 toward AlN and 9 toward the resist. The same recipe, slightly modified, has also shown similar Al etch rates when etching Al over SiO2 with a selectivity of up to 200. High anisotropy of the Al etch rate is observed with increasing O2 flow. The former has been determined from cross-sectional scanning electron microscope observations.
Differential Expression of Low Mr GTP-binding Proteins in Human Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Cell Line, MEG-01, and their Possible Involvement in the Differentiation Process (1997)

The expression of various low Mr GTP-binding proteins at various states of differentiation of a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, MEG-01, was analyzed using thermocycle amplification of mRNA and immunoblotting. MEG-01 cells were found to express mRNAs of rap1A, rap1B, rap2B, ralA, rhoA, rac1, rac2, CDC42Hs, rab1, rab3B, rab6, ram and ran, but not rab4, and the proteins of Rap1, Rap2, RhoA, Rac1, Rac2, Rab3B, Rab4, Rab6 and Rab8 were expressed. Differentiation of MEG-01 cells induced by 100 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate revealed the considerable increases in mRNA expression of rap1B, rab3B, rab4, ram and ran whereas the levels of rap2B, rhoA and rac1 decreased. During the differentiation process, significant changes in protein levels of Rap1, RhoA, Rac1, Rac2, Rab3B, Rab4 and Rab6 were observed among three subcellular (cytosol, Triton X-100-soluble membrane and -insoluble cytoskeleton) fractions. The present investigation may be useful for the study of the megakaryocyte differentiation.
Operating principles of three-terminal solar cells (2018)

Most tandem solar cells are either two-terminal devices where the subcells are electrically connected in series or four terminal devices where each subcell is operated independently. There are trade-offs between the two integration schemes in terms of ease of fabrication, overall efficiency, and spectral sensitivity. Three-terminal (3T) tandem cells can combine the best aspects of both integration schemes if designed properly. Using a 3T design based on an interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si device with conductive front surface, combined with a wider bandgap III-V top cell, we discuss the operation of three terminal tandems in detail. We present technology computer aided design (TCAD) device physics simulations to describe trends in performance. We show that this type of 3T device can provide a robust operating mechanism to efficiently capture the solar spectrum without the need to current match sub-cells or fabricate complicated metal interconnects between cells.
International Communications (1972)

Timothy Green's The Universal Eye: The World of Television (New York: Stein and Day, 1972—$10.00) Martin D. Carter's An Introduction to Mass Communications: Problems in Press and Broadcasting (New York: Humanities Press, 1971—y .50 2.00 Peter Stursberg's Mister Broadcasting: The Ernie Bushnell Story (Toronto: Peter Martin Associates, Ltd., 1971—$8.95 in Canadian funds)
Basic and acidic isoferritins in the sera of patients with neuroblastoma (1988)

Serum ferritin frequently is elevated in patients with neuroblastoma. Isoferritins extracted from neuroblastoma tumors and cells in culture show a wide range from basic (rich in L subunit) to acidic (rich in H subunit) isoferritins. Total ferritin is a combination of basic and acidic isoferritins. Forty-four serum samples from 25 patients with neuroblastoma were measured for basic and acidic isoferritin levels by radioimmunoassay using antibodies to liver (basic) ferritin and HeLa (acidic) ferritin. Normal ranges for basic and acidic serum ferritins were 7 to 142 ng/ml (median, 30 ng/ml) and 0 to 12 ng/ml (median, 3.4), respectively. Basic ferritins in the 44 neuroblastoma sera ranged from 0 to 1460 ng/ml, and acidic ferritins, 0 to 40 ng/ml. Sera with high levels of acidic ferritins always had increased basic ferritins. Thus, acidic/basic ferritin ratios were nearly constant, less than 0.3 in all sera. There was a significant linear correlation between basic and acidic isoferritins (r = 0.833). These results suggest that neuroblastoma tumors produce both basic and acidic isoferritins and release them into circulation. However, there is no acidic ferritinemia not accompanied by basic ferritinemia. Therefore, the commercial assay for basic isoferritin currently seems sufficient for clinical prognostic purposes.
A field study of community bar (2007)

Community Bar (CB) is groupware supporting informal awareness and casual interaction. CB's design was derived from three sources: prior empirical research findings concerning informal awareness and casual interaction, a comprehensive sociological theory called the Locales Framework, and the Focus/Nimbus model of awareness. We conducted a field study of a group's on-going CB use. We use its results to reflect upon the matches and mis-matches that occurred between the theoretical and actual usage behaviors anticipated by our design principles vs. those observed in our deployment. As a critique, this reflectionis an important iterative step in recognizing flaws not just as usability problems, but as an incorrect translation of theory into design that can be re-analyzed from a theoretical perspective.