gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulk Glassy Co<SUB>43</SUB>Fe<SUB>20</SUB>Ta<SUB>5.5</SUB>B<SUB>31.5</SUB> Alloy with High Glass-Forming Ability and Good Soft Magnetic Properties (2001)

A new Co-based bulk glassy alloy Co43Fe20Ta5.5B31.5 exhibiting a large supercooled liquid region before crystallization and good soft magnetic properties was synthesized by the copper mold casting method. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is 910 K and the supercooled liquid region (ΔTx) reaches 70 K . The high thermal stability of the supercooled liquid enabled us to produce bulk glassy alloys with diameters up to 2 mm. These bulk glassy alloys exhibit good soft magnetic properties, i.e., saturation magnetization of 0.5 T, very low coercivity of 0.9 A/m and very high permeability of 40000 at 1 kHz. It is noticed that the diameter of 2 mm is the largest value for Co-based bulk glassy alloys reported up to now. The success of forming the large-scale size Co-based bulk glassy alloy with high thermal stability of supercooled liquid and good soft magnetic properties is encouraging for future uses of bulk amorphous soft magnetic materials.
Functionalized Three-Dimensional Carbon Microarrays for Cancer Biomarker Detection (2013)

A label-free detection strategy for the detection of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) oncoprotein detection using signaling aptamer/protein binding complex is reported. The 3D carbon microarrays detection platform was fabricated by pyrolyzing patterned photoresist and surface functionalized using direct-amination technique. The detection strategy is based on the release of TOTO intercalating dye from the target binding aptamer's stem structure when it captures PDGF. The sensor showed near linear relationship between the relative fluorescence difference and protein concentration with a very good detection limit of 5 pmol. This detection strategy is promising for the potential detection of different cancer biomarkers and proteins.
Joint User Activity and Data Detection Based on Structured Compressive Sensing for NOMA (2016)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been regarded as one of the promising key technologies for future 5G systems. In the uplink grant-free NOMA schemes, dynamic scheduling is not required, which can significantly reduce the signaling overhead and transmission latency. However, user activity has to be detected in grant-free NOMA systems, which is challenging in practice. In this letter, by exploiting the inherent structured sparsity of user activity naturally existing in NOMA systems, we propose a low-complexity multi-user detector based on structured compressive sensing to realize joint user activity and data detection. In particular, we propose a structured iterative support detection algorithm by exploiting such structured sparsity, which is able to jointly detect user activity and transmitted data in several continuous time slots. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better performance than conventional solutions.
Activation and Desensitization of the Recombinant P2X1 Receptor at Nanomolar ATP Concentrations (2003)

Activation and desensitization kinetics of the rat P2X1 receptor at nanomolar ATP concentrations were studied in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp recording. The solution exchange system used allowed complete and reproducible solution exchange in <0.5 s. Sustained exposure to 1-100 nM ATP led to a profound desensitization of P2X1 receptors. At steady-state, desensitization could be described by the Hill equation with a K1/2 value of 3.2 +/- 0.1 nM. Also, the ATP dependence of peak currents could be described by a Hill equation with an EC50 value of 0.7 microM. Accordingly, ATP dose-effect relationships of activation and desensitization practically do not overlap. Recovery from desensitization could be described by a monoexponential function with the time-constant tau = 11.6 +/-1.0 min. Current transients at 10-100 nM ATP, which elicited 0.1-8.5% of the maximum response, were compatible with a linear three-state model, C-O-D (closed-open-desensitized), with an ATP concentration-dependent activation rate and an ATP concentration-independent (constant) desensitization rate. In the range of 18-300 nM ATP, the total areas under the elicited current transients were equal, suggesting that P2X1 receptor desensitization occurs exclusively via the open conformation. Hence, our results are compatible with a model, according to which P2X1 receptor activation and desensitization follow the same reaction pathway, i.e., without significant C to D transition. We assume that the K1/2 of 3.2 nM for receptor desensitization reflects the nanomolar ATP affinity of the receptor found by others in agonist binding experiments. The high EC50 value of 0.7 microM for receptor activation is a consequence of fast desensitization combined with nonsteady-state conditions during recording of peak currents, which are the basis of the dose-response curve. Our results imply that nanomolar extracellular ATP concentrations can obscure P2X1 receptor responses by driving a significant fraction of the receptor pool into a long-lasting refractory closed state.
Recycling of abrasives from wasted slurry by superconducting magnetic separation (2003)

Abrasives have been recovered from the slurry wasted of the factory where the silicon wafers for solar battery are processed. The slurry consists of oil and abrasives and is used in the wire saw. The viscosity of the slurry is carefully controlled to maintain a high cutting performance though it tends to be high as the silicon powder is accumulated in the slurry. The cutting performance of the slurry decreases as the amount of the silicon powder increases. The abrasives, however, still have enough performance to cut the silicon wafers. Iron segments of the wire saw were found to attach to the SiC abrasives. The iron segments magnetize the abrasives in the mechanochemical process and thus reduce the cutting performance of the abrasives. Due to the iron segments presence the abrasives with poor cutting performance could be separated from the slurry by means of superconducting magnetic separator. After the magnetic separation a centrifugal separator was used to separate the silicon powder. It was confirmed that the superconducting magnetic separation is applicable to this practical application.
Yeast K1 killer toxin forms ion channels in sensitive yeast spheroplasts and in artificial liposomes. (1990)

The patch-clamp technique was used to examine the plasma membranes of sensitive yeast spheroplasts exposed to partially purified killer toxin preparations. Asolectin liposomes in which the toxin was incorporated were also examined. Excised inside-out patches from these preparations often revealed at 118 pS conductance appearing in pairs. The current through this conductance flickered rapidly among three states: dwelling mostly at the unit-open state, less frequently at the two-unit-open state, and more rarely at the closed state. Membrane voltages from -80 to 80 mV had little influence on the opening probability. The current reversed near the equilibrium potential of K+ in asymmetric KCl solutions and also reversed near O mV at symmetric NaCl vs. KCl solutions. The two levels of the conductance were likely due to the toxin protein, as treatment of spheroplasts or liposomes with extracellular protein preparations from isogenic yeasts deleted for the toxin gene gave no such conductance levels. These results show that in vivo the killer-toxin fraction can form a cation channel that seldom closes regardless of membrane voltage. We suggest that this channel causes the death of sensitive yeast cells.
Thin-film lithium niobate on diamond-coated silicon substrates for surface acoustic wave applications (1999)

The goal of this project is to produce GHz-range electronic filters with low insertion loss for front-end radio-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Theory predicts that lithium niobate thin films on diamond/silicon substrates have high electromechanical coupling coefficients and SAW propagation velocities because of the interaction with the high-acoustic-velocity diamond layer. RF-magnetron sputtering technology is used to grow lithium niobate films on diamond coated silicon substrates, thus allowing the SAW filters to be integrated with electronic circuits, thereby achieving size reduction with increased bandwidth. The structural properties and morphology of the films are investigated by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Interdigital transducers (IDT) are deposited onto the LiNbO/sub 3//diamond/silicon films and the SAW properties are being studied.
Differential Regulation of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and CNTF Receptor α Expression in Astrocytes and Neurons of the Fascia Dentata after Entorhinal Cortex Lesion (1997)

Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in reactive processes occurring in response to CNS lesions. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), in particular, has been shown to ameliorate axotomy-induced degeneration of CNS neurons and to be upregulated at wound sites in the brain. To investigate a potential role of CNTF in lesion-induced degeneration and reorganization, we have analyzed the expression of CNTF protein and CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFR alpha) mRNA in the rat dentate gyrus after unilateral entorhinal cortex lesions (ECLs), using immunocytochemistry and nonradioactive in situ hybridization, respectively. In sham-operated as in normal animals, CNTF protein was not detectable by immunocytochemistry. Starting at 3 d after ECL, upregulation of CNTF expression was observed in the ipsilateral outer molecular layer (OML). Expression was maximal at around day 7, and at this stage immunoreactivity could be specifically localized to astrocytes in the ipsilateral OML. By day 14 postlesion, CNTF immunoreactivity had returned to control levels. CNTFR alpha mRNA was restricted to neurons of the granule cell layer in controls. Three days postlesion, prominent CNTFR alpha expression was observed in the deafferented OML. A similar but less prominent response was noticed in the contralateral OML. After 10 d, CNTFR alpha expression had returned to control levels. Double labeling for CNTFR alpha mRNA and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that upregulation of CNTFR alpha occurred in reactive, GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes of the OML. A substantial reduction of CNTFR alpha expression in the deafferented granule cells was transiently observed at 7 and 10 d postlesion. Our results suggest a paracrine or autocrine function of CNTF in the regulation of astrocytic and neuronal responses after brain injury.
Bi-anisotropic Fano resonance in three-dimensional metamaterials (2018)

We experimentally investigated the bi-anisotropic properties of Fano resonance in three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials. Fano resonance in 3D metamaterials arises from the interference of in-phase and anti-phase modes that originate from mode hybridization in coupled 3D split ring resonators (SRRs) with detuned resonant wavelengths. At Fano resonance, not only permittivity and permeability but also the bi-anisotropic parameter show doubly dispersive response. Manipulation of the bi-anisotropic response at Fano resonance was demonstrated through controlling the inversion symmetry of the 3D-SRRs. Improvement of inversion symmetry due to rotation of 3D-SRRs results in enhancement of magnetic response and inhibition of electric and bi-anisotropy responses at Fano resonance. Negligible electric and bi-anisotropic responses at Fano resonance were achieved due to the small radiative nature of the anti-phase mode. This bi-anisotropic Fano metamaterials with rich and tunable bi-anisotropy will extend the capabilities of new optical phenomena and broaden the applications of bi-anisotropic metamaterials.
On<i>in-vivo</i>skin topography metrology and replication techniques (2005)

Human skin metrology is an area of growing interest for many disciplines both in research and for commercial purposes. Changes in the skin topography are an early stage diagnosis tool not only for diseases but also give indication of the response to medical and cosmetic treatment. This paper focuses on the evaluation of in vivo and in vitro methodologies for accurate measurements of skin and outlines the quantitative characterisation of the skin topography. The study shows the applicability of in-vivo skin topography characterisation and also the advantages and limitations compared to conventional replication techniques. Finally, aspects of stripe projection methodology and 3D characterisation are discussed as a background to the proposed methodology in this paper.
Generalized affine gap costs for protein sequence alignment (1998)

Based on the observation that a single mutational event can delete or insert multiple residues, affine gap costs for sequence alignment charge a penalty for the existence of a gap, and a further length-dependent penalty. From structural or multiple alignments of distantly related proteins, it has been observed that conserved residues frequently fall into ungapped blocks separated by relatively nonconserved regions. To take advantage of this structure, a simple generalization of affine gap costs is proposed that allows nonconserved regions to be effectively ignored. The distribution of scores from local alignments using these generalized gap costs is shown empirically to follow an extreme value distribution. Examples are presented for which generalized affine gap costs yield superior alignments from the standpoints both of statistical significance and of alignment accuracy. Guidelines for selecting generalized affine gap costs are discussed, as is their possible application to multiple alignment.
Automatic text structuring and summarization (1997)

In recent years, information retrieval techniques have been used for automatic generation of semantic hypertext links. This study applies the ideas from the automatic link generation research to attack another important problem in text processing—automatic text summarization. An automatic “general purpose” text summarization tool would be of immense utility in this age of information overload. Using the techniques used (by most automatic hypertext link generation algorithms) for inter-document link generation, we generate intra-document links between passages of a document. Based on the intra-document linkage pattern of a text, we characterize the structure of the text. We apply the knowledge of text structure to do automatic text summarization by passage extraction. We evaluate a set of fifty summaries generated using our techniques by comparing them to paragraph extracts constructed by humans. The automatic summarization methods perform well, especially in view of the fact that the summaries generated by two humans for the same article are surprisingly dissimilar.
Heat-shock protein synthesis by human polymorphonuclear cells. (1987)

Mature human neutrophils from peripheral blood are known to be capable of limited protein biosynthetic activity. We now show that these cells are inducible for heat-shock protein synthesis when placed in short-term culture. Synthesis of hsp70 and hsp85 as well as the response to various temperatures and the time course of induction were typical for mammalian cell systems. This heat-shock response was blocked by actinomycin D added before heat exposure. This demonstration that hsp genes can be activated by heat exposure of terminally differentiated neutrophils supports the hypothesis that gene activation can serve a physiological role in these cells and opens up the possibility that synthesis of other gene products is similarly inducible.
Highly Regioselective Hydroformylation with Hemispherical Chelators (2008)

Abstract The hemispherical diphosphites ( R , R )‐ or ( S , S )‐5,11,17,23‐tetra‐ tert‐ butyl‐25,27‐di(OR)‐26,28‐bis(1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐dioxyphosphanyloxy)calix[4]arene (R=OPr, OCH 2 Ph, OCH 2 ‐naphtyl, O‐fluorenyl; R=H, R′=OPr) (L R ), all with C 2 symmetry, have been synthesised starting from the appropriate di‐ O ‐alkylated calix[4]arene precursor. In the presence of [Rh(acac)(CO) 2 ], these ligands straightforwardly provide chelate complexes in which the metal centre sits in a molecular pocket defined by two naphthyl planes related by the C 2 axis and the two apically situated R groups. Hydroformylation of octene with the L Pr /Rh system turned out to be highly regioselective, the linear‐to‐branched (l:b) aldehyde ratio reaching 58:1. The l:b ratio significantly increased when the propyl groups were replaced by ‐CH 2 Ph (l:b=80) or ‐CH 2 naphthyl (l:b=100) groups, that is, with substituents able to sterically interact with the apical metal sites, but without inducing an opening of the cleft nesting the catalytic centre. The trend to preferentially form the aldehyde the shape of which fits with the shape of the catalytic pocket was further confirmed in the hydroformylation of styrene, for which, in contrast to catalysis with conventional diphosphanes, the linear aldehyde was the major product (up to ca. 75 % linear aldehyde). In the hydroformylation of trans ‐2‐octene with the L benzyl /Rh system, combined isomerisation/hydroformylation led to a remarkably high l:b aldehyde ratios of 25, thus showing that isomerisation is more effective than hydroformylation. Unusually large amounts of linear products were also observed with all the above diphosphites in the tandem hydroformylation/amination of styrene (l:b of ca. 3:1) as well as in the hydroformylation of allyl benzyl ether (l:b ratio up to 20).
Current assays overestimate 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> and underestimate 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>2</sub> compared with HPLC: need for assay-specific decision limits and metabolite-specific assays (2005)

These results demonstrate the need for assay-specific decision limits for 25(OH)D3 in order to define appropriate thresholds for treatment institution. Treatment with vitamin D2 may not be accurately monitored with any of the three commercial assays studied. Clinicians and biochemists who continue to use 25(OH)D assays need to be urgently informed of these issues.
Simplification and optimization of i-vector extraction (2011)

This paper introduces some simplifications to the i-vector speaker recognition systems. I-vector extraction as well as training of the i-vector extractor can be an expensive task both in terms of memory and speed. Under certain assumptions, the formulas for i-vector extraction—also used in i-vector extractor training—can be simplified and lead to a faster and memory more efficient code. The first assumption is that the GMM component alignment is constant across utterances and is given by the UBM GMM weights. The second assumption is that the i-vector extractor matrix can be linearly transformed so that its per-Gaussian components are orthogonal. We use PCA and HLDA to estimate this transform.
Evaluation of Mcl-1 Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of Multiple Myeloma (2014)

Abstract Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is a known resistance factor to many cancer therapies, and a historically difficult target to drug. Recently however, we have made significant progress optimizing the potency and characterizing the mechanism of action of a novel class of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors. Here, we characterize the activity of one of our lead compounds and confirm on-target mechanistic activity in vitro and in vivo. Using an Mcl-1 binding assay we demonstrate very potent activity (IC50 < 3nM), while maintaining selectivity over other anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2 (IC50 > 33 µM) and Bcl-xL (IC50 > 33 µM). In an Mcl-1 dependent multiple myeloma cell line, MOLP-8, we demonstrate rapid Mcl-1/Bak complex disruption with 10 nM inhibitor by 15 min followed by caspase 9-dependent apoptosis by 1 hr (EC50= 50 nM), consistent with an Mcl-1 dependent mechanism of action. Importantly, by depleting Bak from cells using siRNA, we also confirm that the observed apoptosis is through a Bak-dependent mechanism. Moreover, our Mcl-1 inhibitor exhibits broad submicromolar activity across a panel of multiple myeloma cell lines. In the absence of a validated selective Mcl-1 reference compound to benchmark in vivo activity, we engineered MOLP-8 cells to express the pro-apoptotic protein, Noxa, using a Tet-on expression system and grew these as subcutaneous tumors on the flanks of SCID mice. Within 24 hours of switching the mice to a diet containing doxycycline, we observe significant upregulation of Noxa, leading to an increase in cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) and cleaved PARP in tumor lysates, resulting in rapid tumor regression. In the same MOLP-8 xenograft model, we demonstrate that our Mcl-1 inhibitor induces rapid dissociation of Bak from Mcl-1 in tumors leading to accumulation of CC3 and cleaved PARP by 1 hr. Complete tumor regression was observed after a single 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg dose, while partial regression was observed after a single 30 mg/kg dose, and tumor growth inhibition was observed after a single 10 mg/kg dose. All doses were well tolerated with no significant body weight loss. Together, these data reinforce the potential utility of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors in hematological malignancies. Disclosures Belmonte: Astrazeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Adam:Astrazenenca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Borrelli:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bhavsar:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bebernitz:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hird:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Secrist:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Effect on Wettability of FEP Teflon Surface Morphology (1970)

ABSTRACTWettability of FEP Teflon® (a perfluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer) is vastly improved by heterogeneous nucleation and crystallization in contact with gold, a high surface free energy substrate. The critical surface tension of wetting (γe) increases from 18.8 dynes/cm to 40.4 dynes/cm. We compute that this rise in γe results from a 20 percent increase in the surface density of gold-nucleated FEP Teflon®. The increase in critical surface tension from 18.8 dynes/cm to 20.6 dynes/cm, for as received FEP Teflon which had been crosslinked by helium in a glow discharge (CASING technique), suggests an increase of the surface density with crosslinking. The critical surface tension of the gold-nucleated FEP Teflon® is sharply decreased from 40.4 dynes/cm to 22.0 dynes/cm by short exposure to the CASING treatment in helium. The results of ATR infrared spectroscopy show that in the surface region of the polymer there are no chemical changes such as the presence of unsaturated groups or the introduction of polar groups by oxidation. We conclude from this study that wettability of the polymer surface is affected by the surface morphology.
Modifications of a Nanomolar Cyclic Peptide Antagonist for the EphA4 Receptor To Achieve High Plasma Stability (2016)

EphA4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase with a critical role in repulsive axon guidance and synaptic function. However, aberrant EphA4 activity can inhibit neural repair after injury and exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's. We previously identified the cyclic peptide APY-d2 (APYCVYRβASWSC-nh2, containing a disulfide bond) as a potent and selective EphA4 antagonist. However, APY-d2 lacks sufficient plasma stability to be useful for EphA4 inhibition in vivo through peripheral administration. Using structure-activity relationship studies, we show that protecting the peptide N-terminus from proteolytic degradation dramatically increases the persistence of the active peptide in plasma and that a positively charged peptide N-terminus is essential for high EphA4 binding affinity. Among several improved APY-d2 derivatives, the cyclic peptides APY-d3 (βAPYCVYRβASWSC-nh2) and APY-d4 (βAPYCVYRβAEWEC-nh2) combine high stability in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with slightly enhanced potency. These properties make them valuable research tools and leads toward development of therapeutics for neurological diseases.
Aesthetic Dermatology for Aging Ethnic Skin (2011)

With the proper knowledge of how to treat aging skin of color, these patients can experience the benefits of cosmetic procedures while minimizing the risks.