gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic classification for round-robin scheduling schemes in ATM networks (2002)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch mode at which cell arrive from a diverse set of source types is considered. To improve the utilization of network resources and facilitate management and control, source types are organized into traffic classes. Cells belonging to different traffic classes are transported by separate virtual paths though the network. Approximations for the quality of service that should be maintained for each traffic class are developed. Approximations are then developed for estimating the bandwidth and buffer requirements of each traffic class and also for the switch node. The problem of assigning weights, given a set of traffic classes, is addressed. The set of traffic classes that require the least amount of resources is determined. The closely related problem of minimizing the number of traffic classes given a finite bandwidth is also discussed. The structure of the problem at hand is then exploited to develop an efficient heuristic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Musca domestica</i> inspired machine vision sensor with hyperacuity (2008)

A fiber optic sensor inspired by the compound eye of the common housefly, Musca domestica, has been developed. The sensor coupled with analog preprocessing hardware has the potential to extract edge information quickly and in parallel. The design is motivated by the parallel nature of the fly's vision system and its demonstrated hyperacuity or precision of visual localization beyond the conventional resolution limit. The fly's anatomy supporting the design is reviewed, followed by the design of a one-dimensional, cartridge-based sensor. The sensor's ability to locate a line stimulus in a two-dimensional space is demonstrated. Discussion is provided to extend this work in scale, cartridge dimension, information and array processing.
EMERALD: Phase III Trial of Elacestrant (RAD1901) vs Endocrine Therapy for Previously Treated ER+ Advanced Breast Cancer (2019)

Elacestrant is a novel, nonsteroidal, orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that has demonstrated activity in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer previously treated with endocrine therapies including fulvestrant and/or CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy, and in those with <i>ESR1</i> mutations (<i>ESR1</i>-mut) known to confer endocrine resistance. Herein, we describe the design and methodology of EMERALD, an international, multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, Phase III clinical study comparing the efficacy and safety of elacestrant to standard-of-care endocrine monotherapy treatment (fulvestrant or an aromatase inhibitor, per investigator's choice) in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Primary end points are progression-free survival in <i>ESR1</i>-mut patients and in all patients (NCT03778931; EudraCT 2018-002990-24).
Fabrication of a two-level tumor bone repair biomaterial based on a rapid prototyping technique (2009)

After the removal of the giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, it is necessary to fill the defects with adequate biomaterials. A new functional bone repair material with both stimulating osteoblast growth and inhibiting osteoclast activity has been developed with phosphorylated chitosan (P-chitosan) and disodium (1 --> 4)-2-deoxy-2-sulfoamino-beta-D-glucopyranuronan (S-chitosan) as the additives of poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/calcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds based on a double-nozzle low-temperature deposition manufacturing technique. A computer-assisted design model was used and the optimal fabrication parameters were determined through the manipulation of a pure PLGA/TCP system. The microscopic structures, water absorbability and mechanical properties of the samples with different P-chitosan and S-chitosan concentrations were characterized correspondingly. The results suggested that this unique composite porous scaffold material is a potential candidate for the repair of large bone defects after a surgical removal of GCT.
Printing T3 and T4 oral drug combinations as a novel strategy for hypothyroidism (2018)

Hypothyroidism is a chronic and debilitating disease that is estimated to affect 3% of the general population. Clinical experience has highlighted the synergistic value of combining triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) and thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) for persistent or recurrent symptoms. However, thus far a platform that enables the simultaneous and independent dosing of more than one drug for oral administration has not been developed. Thermal inkjet (TIJ) 2D printing is a potential solution to enable the dual deposition of T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> onto orodispersible films (ODFs) for therapy personalisation. In this study, a two-cartridge TIJ printer was modified such that it could print separate solutions of T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub>. Dose adjustments were achieved by printing solutions adjacent to each other, enabling therapeutic T<sub>3</sub> (15-50 μg) and T<sub>4</sub> dosages (60-180 μg) to be successfully printed. Excellent linearity was observed between the theoretical and measured dose for both T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982 and 0.985, respectively) by changing the length of the print objective (Y-value). Rapid disintegration of the ODFs was achieved (<45 s). As such, this study for the first time demonstrates the ability to produce personalised dose combinations by TIJ printing T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> onto the same substrate for oral administration.
Percutaneous Nephrostomy (2006)

Percutaneous nephrostomy has been performed for 50 years and remains one of the most fundamental nonvascular interventional radiology procedures.[1] [2] [3] Typically the procedure is done for urinary diversion in patients with an obstruction or a distal leak or fistula. Other indications include access for treatment of nephrolithiasis or ureteral strictures. Concomitant obstruction and sepsis is usually considered an indication for urgent nephrostomy. There are two common methods used for catheter insertion: the single-stick and double-stick techniques. I favor the former method.
Catalytic Reduction of Azo Types of Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Reduction of Azo Types of Compounds1Leslie H. Andrews and Alexander LowyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 6, 1411–1412Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01321a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01321a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GUN SYSTEMS STUDIED THROUGH THE TRANSFER MATRIX METHOD (1996)

Vibration characteristics of multibody systems can be studied with advan-tage through the transfer matrix method.Vibration characteristics of carrier/gun sys-tems are studied in this paper making use of this new process.The exact analytical for-mulas of natural frequency and model of vibration of the gun systems are presented.The results of computation are then compared with those found through other meth-ods.
A rationale for the preparation of Loeb‐Sourirajan‐type cellulose acetate membranes (1971)

Abstract An attempt has been made to rationalize the variables in the preparation procedure of Loeb‐Sourirajan‐type reverse‐osmosis membranes. The quaternary phase diagram of the system cellulose acetate–acetone–formamide–water was determined and has proved a useful tool in the discussion of membrane structures and properties. A mechanism based on differences in the precipitation rate of the polymer during the membrane formation process has been suggested to explain the observed asymmetry in the membrane structure. The porosity of the membrane has been ascribed to the relative rates of water entering and solvent leaving the cast film. The effects of the casting solution composition, the evaporation time, the wash bath temperature, and the annealing procedure have been studied. X‐Ray diffraction and electron microscopy were used to supplement flux and retention data of membranes made from a cellulose acetate–formamide–acetone casting solution.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Binding and Pituitary Responsiveness in Estradiol-Primed Monkeys (1981)

Anterior pituitary tissue from ovariectomized cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) contains a single class of high-affinity receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Exogenous estradiol causes a twofold increase in the tissue concentration of GnRH receptor within 36 hours without affecting receptor affinity. Release of luteinizing hormone in response to exogenous GnRH is initially suppressed by estradiol, but pituitary responsiveness is restored within 36 hours of introduction of estradiol. The pituitary tissue concentration of GnRH receptor is positively correlated with estradiol-induced release of luteinizing hormone only during the phase of potentiated response, an indication that although the augmentation of responsiveness by estradiol may reflect an increased GnRH receptor concentration, the suppression of the luteinizing hormone response by estradiol probably reflects estradiol actions at loci other than the pituitary GnRH receptor.
Fluorescence imaging spectroscopy utilising acousto-optic tuneable filters (2005)

A novel prototype instrument for mutli-spectral imaging applications is described. The device is based on an acousto-optic tuneable filter (AOTF) that can be easily attached to many standard imaging systems (e.g. endoscope or fluorescence microscope). The instrument developed offers significant advantages over typical fixed-filter based systems in terms of flexibility, performance and diagnostic potential. The selected AOTF was designed to have a large acceptance aperture suitable for imaging applications. Any filtering centre-wavelength in the visible range (450 to 700nm) can be rapidly selected by either random access or by continuous tuning thus providing a versatile performance. The prototype instrument has been demonstrated for in-vivo applications where it was attached to the eyepiece of a commercial endoscope allowing simultaneous white light and fluorescence endoscopy. Autofluorescence of endogenous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a biomarker of diseased tissues undergoing an inflammatory response, was mapped in vivo on a rat model. The AOTF device was also coupled to the viewing port of a commercial fluorescence microscope thus realising a powerful fluorescence imaging spectrometer capable of detecting and mapping fluorescent biomolecules in vitro.
Evaluation of low stress dielectrics for board application (2004)

The objective of this research is to evaluate and qualify low stress dielectric materials for multi-layer sequential buildup process. It is expected that a low CTE dielectric, such as Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP), or a low modulus dielectric, such as ABSORE30NDTM will reduce the dielectric film stress generated due to CTE mismatch between the substrate and the dielectric layer. These dielectrics were laminated onto 3 board samples: carbon cyanate ester, carbon epoxy, and double-treated FR4. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to determine the surface roughness of various boards. Peel strength measurement was performed to quantify the adhesion between the dielectric and the board. Test beds were assembled using PB8 flip chips for thermo-mechanical reliability assessment.
Preparation of Forced Gradient Copolymers Using Tube‐in‐Tube Continuous Flow Reactors (2017)

Abstract The preparation of forced gradient polymers has received considerable attention using batch reactors, while the preparation of usable quantities of forced gradient copolymers using continuous flow reactors has been hampered by the need to vary the composition of the monomer feedstock continuously during the reaction. A reactor that allows for addition of a monomer feedstock continuously at all points along the length of the reactor tubing allows for the preparation of forced gradient copolymers in continuous flow reactors, allowing for the scale‐up and bulk preparation of these polymers. This study reports here the initial investigation of preparing forced gradient copolymers using the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer methodology in tube‐in‐tube continuous flow reactors. image
Meta-Learning and Universality: Deep Representations and Gradient Descent can Approximate any Learning Algorithm (2017)

Learning to learn is a powerful paradigm for enabling models to learn from data more effectively and efficiently. A popular approach to meta-learning is to train a recurrent model to read in a training dataset as input and output the parameters of a learned model, or output predictions for new test inputs. Alternatively, a more recent approach to meta-learning aims to acquire deep representations that can be effectively fine-tuned, via standard gradient descent, to new tasks. In this paper, we consider the meta-learning problem from the perspective of universality, formalizing the notion of learning algorithm approximation and comparing the expressive power of the aforementioned recurrent models to the more recent approaches that embed gradient descent into the meta-learner. In particular, we seek to answer the following question: does deep representation combined with standard gradient descent have sufficient capacity to approximate any learning algorithm? We find that this is indeed true, and further find, in our experiments, that gradient-based meta-learning consistently leads to learning strategies that generalize more widely compared to those represented by recurrent models.
Structure and conformation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, in the trigonal form of the PEO-urea complex at 173 K (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and conformation of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, in the trigonal form of the PEO-urea complex at 173 KAbdellatif Chenite and Francois BrisseCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 9, 2221–2225Publication Date (Print):April 29, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00009a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00009a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views743Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adhesion dynamics of circulating tumor cells under shear flow in a bio-functionalized microchannel (2011)

The adhesion dynamics of circulating tumor cells in a bio-functionalized microchannel under hydrodynamic loading is explored experimentally and analyzed theoretically. EpCAM antibodies are immobilized on the microchannel surface to specifically capture EpCAM-expressing target breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 from a homogeneous cell suspension in shear flow. In the cross-stream direction, gravity is the dominant physical mechanism resulting in continuous interaction between the EpCAM cell receptors and the immobilized surface anti-EpCAM ligands. Depending on the applied shear rate, three dynamic states have been characterized: firm adhesion, rolling adhesion and free rolling. The steady-state velocity under adhesion- and free-rolling conditions as well as the time-dependent velocity in firm adhesion has been characterized experimentally, based on video recordings of target cell motion in functionalized microchannels. A previously reported theoretical model, utilizing a linear spring to represent the specific receptor–ligand bonds, has been adopted to analyze adhesion dynamics including features such as the cell–surface binding force and separation gap. By fitting theoretical predictions to experimental measurements, a unified exponential decay function is proposed to describe the target cell velocity evolution during capture; the fitting parameters, velocity and time scales, depend on the particular cell–surface system.
Mr. Social Security - Edward D. Berkowitz, Mr. Social Security: The Life of Wilbur J. Cohen (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995). Pp. xx, 390. $34.95. (1996)

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Singularity Analysis of Closed Kinematic Chains (1999)

This paper presents a coordinate-invariant differential geometric analysis of kinematic singularities for closed kinematic chains containing both active and passive joints. Using the geometric framework developed in Park and Kim (1996) for closed chain manipulability analysis, we classify closed chain singularities into three basic types: (i) those corresponding to singular points of the joint configuration space (configuration space singularities), (ii) those induced by the choice of actuated joints (actuator singularities), and (iii) those configurations in which the end-effector loses one or more degrees of freedom of available motion (end-effector singularities). The proposed geometric classification provides a high-level taxonomy for mechanism singularities that is independent of the choice of local coordinates used to describe the kinematics, and includes mechanisms that have more actuators than kinematic degrees of freedom.
Selenium-Mediated Micellar Catalyst:  An Efficient Enzyme Model for Glutathione Peroxidase-like Catalysis (2006)

Mimicking the properties of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has inspired great interest. In this report, a selenium-containing micellar catalyst was successfully constructed by the self-assembly of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with benzeneseleninic acid (PhSeO2H) through hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction in water. The selenium-containing micellar catalyst demonstrated substrate specificity for both 3-carboxy-4-nitrobenzenethiol (ArSH, 2) and cumene hydroperoxide (CUOOH), and their complexation was confirmed by UV and fluorescence spectra. More importantly, it demonstrated high GPx activity in two assay systems. It is about 126 times more effective than the well-known GPx mimic ebselen in the classical coupled reductase assay system; however, by using hydrophobic substrate ArSH (2) as an alternative of glutathione (GSH, 1), the micellar catalyst exhibited remarkable 500-fold and 94 500-fold rate enhancements compared with that of PhSeO2H and PhSeSePh.
Counterbalancing risks and gains from extended resections in malignant glioma surgery: a supplemental analysis from the randomized 5-aminolevulinic acid glioma resection study (2010)

Extended resections performed using a tool such as 5-ALA-derived tumor fluorescence, carries the risk of temporary impairment of neurological function. However, risks are higher in patients with deficits unresponsive to steroids.
Microbes, inflammation and atherosclerosis: will old pathology lessons guide new therapies? (2001)

Although attractive, the microbial pathogenesis theory for atherosclerosis remains unproven. Over the last century, microbiologists have invoked fulfillment of Koch's postulates to determine pathogen causality. Certainly a multifactorial disease process such as atherosclerosis unlikely will be due to a single microbial agent, an agent when transferred to another host, will always induce atherosclerosis. Conflicting epidemiological data also do not support a single causative agent. However, as presented here, considerable in vitro, animal, and human epidemiological data support the plausibility that infectious agents can promote a proinflammatory, procoagulant and proatherogenic environment in the vessel wall. Microbial genes and molecules can catalyze these processes and foil normal cellular events. But, must intact microbes enter the vessel wall or can microbial molecules incite immune responses from afar? A new focus on pathogen-induced auto-immunity toward vasculature has been presented. For example, microbes contain molecules that mimic host cellular components (55). An immune response to a pathogen may cross react with vessel wall cellular structures. This immune response enhanced by infection may lead to high levels of cross reacting auto-antibodies or auto-aggressive T-cells. Epstein has championed the concept of pathogen burden in support of this auto-immune theory (56). Individuals infected with multiple pathogens such as HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, Helicobacter pylori, and Hepatitis A, have high C-reative protein levels (markers of inflammation) and the greatest relative risk for coronary artery disease (57). Thus, pathogens might contribute to the atherosclerotic process by promoting inflammatory responses. It is this author's view that microbes and inflammation do play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (58). Infection may contribute to the process promoting vessel wall injury initiated by oxidized lipids, smoking derived oxidants, hypertensive shear or diabetes glyoxidized molecules. Inflammation and immune reactions in response to infection can exacerbate and act synergistically with all of the aforementioned vasculotoxic moieties. Continued investigations in the 21st century will determine if vaccines, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents or immunosuppressants will alter the picture the early 19th century pathologists observed under their monocular microscopes.
3D Graphene‐Foam–Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Hybrid Nested Hierarchical Networks for High‐Performance Li–S Batteries (2015)

A 3D graphene-foam-reduced-graphene-oxide hybrid nested hierarchical network is synthesized to achieve high sulfur loading and content simultaneously, which solves the "double low" issues of Li-S batteries. The obtained Li-S cathodes show a high areal capacity two times larger than that of commercial lithium-ion batteries, and a good cycling performance comparable to those at low sulfur loading.