gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS L5 Cross-correlation Detection in WAAS G-III Reference Receiver (2012)

Unlike GPS modernized L2C signal, the modernized GPS L5 signal is mainly intended to serve safety critical applications such as aviation. Compared to GPS L1 C/A signal, the GPS L5 signal will be radiated at least four times the current GPS L1 C/A signal power. As with modernized GPS signals, the GPS L5 signal comprises pilot component to facilitate weak signal acquisition and tracking. Unlike the GPS L2 CL and L1C signal, the GPS L5 signal exhibits modest improvement in terms of correlation protection over the legacy GPS L1 C/A code. Moreover, the same secondary synchronization codes are shared across all the GPS L5 satellite signals. Thus, the tracking range of GPS L5 signal easily exceeds the correlation protection offered by the primary spreading code. Cross-correlation if present can introduce errors in range and signal quality measurements. Safety-critical systems such as the SBAS and GBAS are particularly sensitive to range errors introduced by cross-correlation. Hence, it is critical to monitor and eliminate anomalous tracking due to cross-correlation. This paper introduces anomalous tracking detection algorithms that are specifically developed for the WAAS G-III reference receiver. The developed algorithms can detect anomalous events that may arise from tracking auto-correlation side-peak and cross-correlation peaks. Monte Carlo simulations as well as hardware based experimental measurements are provided to validate the usefulness of the developed algorithms.
VIRKELIGHED OG VIRKSOMHED (2001)

Anmeldelse af Karpatschof, B. (2000): Human Activity. Contributions to the Anthropological Sciences from a Perspective of Activity Theory. Dansk psykologisk Forlag, 513 sider, 350 kr. Doktorafhandling, forsvaret 1.12.2000. Københavns Universitet
Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species (1999)

Anthocyanins in ripe fruit of four Vaccinium species and genotypes within these species were compared, revealing substantial inter- and intra-species variability among these commercial and non-commercial blueberries. The highest total anthocyanin content occurred in the bilberry (V. myrtillus L.). Commercial lowbush blueberry clonal mixtures and wild velvet leaf blueberries (V. myrtilloides L.) had about 43% of the anthocyanin content of bilberries (fresh weight basis). Three commercial highbush cultivars (V. corymbosum L.) had about 30% of the bilberry level, while wild genotypes of highbush blueberries had almost 60% of the bilberry level. Acetylation of anthocyanins occurred widely among all species, except bilberries. Although the proportions of the five blueberry anthocyanidins varied substantially among the commercial blueberries, these differences probably do not contribute substantially to differences in their relative antioxidant capacity. Key words: Vaccinium, bilberry, acetylation, cluster analysis, antioxidant
Traditional public health injury control does not apply to violence (1999)

Violence is ancient. It is much more complex than just injury control or public health practice. In Genesis, Cain's “grandchildren” found that Bronze Age weapons were a more efficient means of inflicting violent harm than their hands.

Which injury control practices can really make a difference in reducing juvenile violence morbidity and mortality? When I first began working in this area in 1964, the field had just begun to transfer its preventive thrust to more safely designed childhood consumer products. The “human factors” approach, reminding everyone to be more “careful” had failed. Instead, my efforts focused on the products themselves (toys, flammable nightwear, playground equipment, car safety seats, household toxic substances, etc). At the time, I thought injury control had all the answers and concluded that its paradigm was suitable not only to non-intentional but also to intentional injury.1–3

However, by 1985, my ideas about the causes and possible control of adolescent suicides, many of which were related to firearms or to sexual experimentation with inhalants, had changed. They included some controversial applied biochemical research suggesting that levels of biomines found in the brain, such as serotonin, might increase aggression and the risk of violence. It seemed it might even be possible to determine high risk individuals by this …
A finite-difference time-domain beam-propagation method for TE- and TM-wave analyses (2003)

The application of the existing time-domain beam-propagation method (TD-BPM) based on the finite-difference (FD) formula has been limited to the TE-mode analysis. To treat the TM mode as well as the TE mode, an improved TD-BPM is developed using a low-truncation-error FD formula with the aid of the alternating-direction implicit scheme. To improve the accuracy in time, a Pade (2,2) approximant is applied to the time axis. Although the truncation error in time is found to be O(Δt <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), as in the case of the Pade (1,1) approximant, this method allows us to use a large time step. A substantial reduction in CPU time is found when compared to the conventional method in which a broadly banded matrix is solved by the Bi-CGSTAB. The effectiveness in evaluating the TE- and TM-mode waves is shown through the analysis of the power reflectivity from a waveguide facet. This method is also applied to the analysis of a waveguide grating. The accuracy and efficiency of the TD-BPM are assessed in comparison with the finite-difference time-domain method.
The Constant Search: A Study of Information Phenomena in 'Lost' (2011)

Time travel, true love and information-seeking behaviour converge on televisual terrain in this study of how a character on ‘Lost’ tries to make sense of his predicament in the season four episode ‘The Constant.’ To devoted viewers, each chapter in the story is fraught with meaning - screenshots were analyzed, sounds were played in reverse, names and numbers were treated as potential clues to the show’s many mysteries. This paper focuses on a single hour in the labyrinth of ‘Lost’ and examines how memory, expertise, and trust are instrumental in bridging information gaps. In addition, this foray into imaginary information spaces describes the mechanics of collecting data from the fictional field and analyzing it within the context of sense-making theory.
Nuclear Overhauser effect, a unique method of defining the relative stereochemistry and conformation of taxane derivatives (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear Overhauser effect, a unique method of defining the relative stereochemistry and conformation of taxane derivativesMarion C. Woods, Hung-Che Chiang, Yasuhiro Nakadaira, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 2, 522–523Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01004a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01004a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visualizing the CPU scheduler and page replacement algorithms (1999)

In this paper, we present two packages that simulate the multilevel feedback queue scheduling algorithm for a single CPU, and five page replacement algorithms that are used in the context of memory management. The paper gives a brief description of the interactive, self-paced packages and explains how we use them in Operating System courses. We also highlight the merits of the packages and the benefits to the students derived from our Java written simulations.
Schwannosis: Role of Gliosis and Proteoglycan in Human Spinal Cord Injury (2000)

Schwannosis (aberrant proliferation of Schwann cells and nerve fibers) has been reported following spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, we examined the incidence of schwannosis following human SCI, and investigated its relationship to gliosis. We found evidence of schwannosis in 32 out of 65 cases (48%) of human SCI that survived 24 h to 24 years after injury; this incidence rose to 82% in those patients who survived for more than 4 months. Schwannosis was not observed in cases that survived less than 4 months after injury. In affected cases, it was generally noted in areas that had low immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), suggesting that reduced gliosis might have contributed to the aberrant proliferation of Schwann cells following SCI. Since chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) has been proposed to play a role in Schwann cell/glial interaction, we performed immunohistochemical staining for CSPG to investigate its potential relationship with schwannosis. CSPG in the injured cord was generally associated with the blood vessel walls, but was also sometimes noted in reactive astrocytes. In SCI with schwannosis, CSPG staining was more prominent and confined largely to the extracellular matrix and basal lamina of proliferating Schwann cells. Our study suggests that Schwann cells, which may have been displaced from spinal roots and introduced into the injured cord through a break in the pial surface, are capable of proliferating and producing CSPG, particularly in the setting of reduced gliosis. Since CSPG has been associated with inhibition of neurite outgrowth, its increased production by aberrant Schwann cells may impair spinal cord regeneration after injury.
Vroom: Faster Build Processes for Java (2015)

Build processes are too slow. Because most of the build time for Java projects is spent executing tests, researchers have focused on speeding up testing. They've integrated two complementary approaches into a system that seamlessly supports Ant and Maven JUnit build processes. The first approach, unit test virtualization, isolates in-memory dependencies among test cases, which otherwise are isolated inefficiently by restarting the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) before every test. The system supports just-in-time reinitialization of only the small portion of memory needed by the next test, reusing a single JVM. The implementation of this approach is called VMVM (Virtual Machine in the Virtual Machine, pronounced "vroom vroom"). In addition, simple setup and tear-down resource management methods designed for sequential execution lead to conflicts when the resources are accessed concurrently. So, the second approach, virtualized unit test virtualization, isolates external dependencies such as files and network ports while long-running tests execute in parallel. For this, the system distributes testing jobs in round-robin manner among OS-level virtual machines. The result is, on average, a 51 percent speedup of application build times. The implementation of this approach is called VMVMVM (Virtual Machine in a Virtual Machine on a Virtual Machine "vroom vroom vroom").
Screening of Olfactory Function with a Four-Minute Odor Identification Test: Reliability, Normative Data, and Investigations in Patients with Olfactory Loss (2001)

The study aimed to create a screening test on the basis of the odor identification test as used in the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test kit. It should appeal to the practitioner in terms of 1) time required for testing, 2) reliability, 3) separation of "normal" from "abnormal," and 4) the fact that it allows lateralized screening. Experiments should provide a normative database (number of subjects > 1,000), establish test-retest reliability (n > 100), and compare results from patients with olfactory loss (n > 200). The correlation between results on 2 repetitive tests was .78. The test differentiated anosmics, hyposmics, and normosmics (p < .001). None of the 112 anosmics reached a score higher than 8; the 90th percentile was at a score of 6. When only 6 odors were used for calculating scores, for anosmics the 95th percentile was at a score of 4. These data provide a basis for the screening of patients by means of "Sniffin' Sticks."
Thermal reaction of Ti evaporated on GaAs (1976)

The thermal reaction of a vacuum-evaporated Ti film with substrate GaAs has been investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry. As accumulation and Ga depletion at the Ti/GaAs interface and Ga pileup in front of the As-rich layer have been observed. The As-rich and the Ga-rich layers have been found to be composed of TiAs/Ti5As3 and Ti2Ga3/Ti5Ga4, respectively. It has also been found that the rate of the Ti-GaAs reaction is governed by the interdiffusion process of Ti and As at the interface with an activation energy of 1.70±0.05 eV. The low diffusivity and relatively high Schottky barrier height of the present system facilitate the formation of useful Schottky barrier junctions.
The Binary Systems NaPO<sub>3</sub>-KPO<sub>3</sub> and K<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>-KPO<sub>3</sub> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Binary Systems NaPO3-KPO3 and K4P2O7-KPO3George W. MoreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 18, 4724–4726Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01647a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01647a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collectives of diagnostic biomarkers identify high-risk subpopulations of hematuria patients: exploiting heterogeneity in large-scale biomarker data (2013)

The systems biology approach applied in this study allowed the hematuric patients to cluster naturally on the basis of the heterogeneity within their biomarker data, into five distinct risk subpopulations. Our findings highlight an approach with the promise to unlock the potential of biomarkers. This will be especially valuable in the field of diagnostic bladder cancer where biomarkers are urgently required. Clinicians could interpret risk classification scores in the context of clinical parameters at the time of triage. This could reduce cystoscopies and enable priority diagnosis of aggressive diseases, leading to improved patient outcomes at reduced costs.
Detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures by a mycoplasma group-specific PCR (1994)

The suitability of a 16S rRNA-based mycoplasma group-specific PCR for the detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures was investigated. A total of 104 cell cultures were tested by using microbiological culture, DNA fluorochrome staining, DNA-rRNA hybridization, and PCR techniques. A comparison of the results obtained with these techniques revealed agreement for 95 cell cultures. Discrepant results, which were interpreted as false negative or false positive on the basis of a comparison with the results obtained with other methods, were observed with nine cell cultures. The microbiological culture technique produced false-negative results for four cell cultures. The hybridization technique produced false-negative results for two cell cultures, and for one of these cell cultures the DNA staining technique also produced a false-negative result. The PCR may have produced false-positive results for one cell culture. Ambiguous results were obtained with the remaining two cell cultures. Furthermore, the presence of contaminating bacteria interfered with the interpretation of the DNA staining results for 16 cell cultures. For the same reason the hybridization signals of nine cell cultures could not be interpreted. Our results demonstrate the drawbacks of each of the detection methods and the suitability of the PCR for the detection of mycoplasmas in cell cultures.
Functional Stability of Transfemoral Amputee Gait Using the 3R80 and Total Knee 2000 Prosthetic Knee Units (2009)

In Brief Prosthetic knee designs have become extremely sophisticated compared to early constant friction single axis mechanisms. Today, prosthetists and physicians have a wide variety of components to choose from for their transfemoral amputee patients. Unfortunately, there are little quantitative data comparing the performance of different types of prosthetic components, and prosthetic prescription is often based on empirical knowledge and experience, rather than objective comparison of prosthetic designs. This study used gait analysis to objectively evaluate the stability characteristics of two types of prosthetic knee designs, the polycentric Total Knee 2000 (Ossur, Aliso Viejo, CA) and the single axis 3R80 stance control knee (Otto Bock Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN). Five healthy, active transfemoral amputees participated in this study by completing two gait analysis sessions, one with the Total Knee 2000 and one with the 3R80. At the end of each session, subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire for comparison of their subjective preferences with the objective biomechanical measures from the gait analysis. Kinematic and kinetic gait data were collected. Stride and temporal parameters (i.e., velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, stance and swing phase durations, and single and double support durations), joint angles and moments were computed from the Vicon data. A within subjects statistical analysis was then conducted, using repeated measures ANOVA, to determine if there were significant differences in performance between the two knee designs. The stride and temporal parameters computed in this study indicated that the Total Knee 2000 demonstrated a high degree of overall stability compared to the 3R80. The differences in inherent mechanical stability in the Total Knee 2000 and the 3R80 resulted in different calculated hip moments. The corresponding required hip moments indicated that the relative stability of the two knee designs changed throughout the gait cycle due to the polycentric nature of the Total Knee 2000. Specifically, the Total Knee 2000 was found to be less stable than the 3R80 in early stance and more stable than the 3R80 in mid- and late-stance. In addition to the biomechanical evidence of increased stability with the Total Knee 2000, the responses to the subjective questionnaires indicated that most subjects felt more stable and more confident bearing weight on the Total Knee 2000 than the 3R80. There are little quantitative data comparing the performance of different types of prosthetic components, and prosthetic prescription is often based on empirical knowledge and experience, rather than objective comparison of prosthetic designs. This study used gait analysis to objectively evaluate the stability characteristics of two types of prosthetic knee designs, the polycentric Total Knee 2000 (Ossur, Aliso Viejo, CA) and the single axis 3R80 stance control knee (Otto Bock Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN).
Enhancement of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Biomass Production under Drought Conditions by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Sebacina vermifera (2011)

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of cocultivating the important bioenergy crop switchgrass with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Sebacina vermifera under severe drought conditions. Plants cocultivated with the fungus produced significantly higher biomass and had a higher macronutrient content than uninoculated control plants under both adequately watered and drought conditions.
Improving metabolic flux predictions using absolute gene expression data (2012)

Due to its improved prediction of experimentally measured metabolic fluxes, and of its lack of a requirement for knowledge of the biomass composition of the organism under the conditions of interest, the approach is likely to be of rather general utility. The method has been shown to predict fluxes reliably in single cellular systems. Subsequent work will investigate the method's ability to generate condition- and tissue-specific flux predictions in multicellular organisms.
Performance of Blends of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars (1995)

Use of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), resistant cultivars of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is common practice to control losses due to this pest. The experiment was conducted to compare blends of resistant and susceptible cultivarswith their yield response when grown in pure monoculture stands. Two SCN‐resistant cultivars Bedford and Bradley, three susceptible cultivars or breeding lines, Essex, York, and N79‐491, and blends of resistant and susceptible cultivars (50:50 ratio) were tested against soybean monoculture in a SCN Race 14‐infested field. The mean yield (over 5 yr) of Bedford, Bradley, Essex, York, and N79‐491 grown in monoculture was 1707, 1703, 903,1063, and 1379 kg ha −1 , respectively. Yield of blends were generally similar to their resistant cultivar components in monoculture but they were always greater ( P = 0.05) than the susceptible cultivar components. The Bedford and Essex blend resulted in the greatest yield, which was 672 kg ha −1 (51%) greater than the mean of component crop yields in pure stand. The race designation of the SCN population changed from Race 14 to Race 5 when resistant Bedford and Bradley were grown, from Race 14 to 9 when susceptible cultivars were grown, and from Race 14 to 2 in plots containing blends of resistant and susceptible cultivars or lines. Resistant cultivars grown with susceptible cultivars or lines in blends had lower numbers of cysts on the roots 30 d after planting than resistant cultivars grown in pure stands. Blends of resistant and susceptible cultivars can maintain soybean yields at acceptable levels by minimizing the selection pressure on the nematode population for their ability to parasitize resistant cultivars.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cyanohydrins ‐ Versatile Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.