gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper-67 production on electron linacs—Photonuclear technology development (2012)

Despite modest photonuclear cross sections, such as for the 68Zn(γ,p)67Cu reaction, electron linac technology appears to be a commercially promising option for production of valuable isotopes. Electron accelerators—sources of Bremsstrahlung gamma radiation—are presently available and under-utilized and may offer an affordable route to an expanded supply of 67Cu and other isotopes. Two key developments have been demonstrated for 67Cu production: large (100g) solid metal targets; and rapid (1-day) separation of trace amounts of product from the target mass.
Generation of subpicosecond high-power optical pulses from a hybrid mode-locked semiconductor laser (1990)

Ultrashort optical pulses 0.46 psec in duration with over 70 W of peak power are generated from an all-semiconductor laser-diode system. These results represent to our knowledge both the shortest and most-intense optical pulses generated from an all-semiconductor laser system.
Mouse DRG Cell Line with Properties of Nociceptors (2015)

In vitro cell lines from DRG neurons aid drug discovery because they can be used for early stage, high-throughput screens for drugs targeting pain pathways, with minimal dependence on animals. We have established a conditionally immortal DRG cell line from the Immortomouse. Using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and calcium microfluorimetry, we demonstrate that the cell line MED17.11 expresses markers of cells committed to the sensory neuron lineage. Within a few hours under differentiating conditions, MED17.11 cells extend processes and following seven days of differentiation, express markers of more mature DRG neurons, such as NaV1.7 and Piezo2. However, at least at this time-point, the nociceptive marker NaV1.8 is not expressed, but the cells respond to compounds known to excite nociceptors, including the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin, the purinergic receptor agonist ATP and the voltage gated sodium channel agonist, veratridine. Robust calcium transients are observed in the presence of the inflammatory mediators bradykinin, histamine and norepinephrine. MED17.11 cells have the potential to replace or reduce the use of primary DRG culture in sensory, pain and developmental research by providing a simple model to study acute nociception, neurite outgrowth and the developmental specification of DRG neurons.
Role of Hpn and NixA of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Susceptibility and Resistance to Bismuth and Other Metal Ions (1999)

We concluded that bacteria lacking Hpn, cultured in vitro, are more susceptible than is the wild type to bismuth and Ni2+.
Differential rescue of poliovirus RNA replication functions by genetically modified RNA polymerase precursors - eScholarship (2004)

We have previously described the RNA replication properties of poliovirus transcripts harboring chimeric RNA polymerase sequences representing suballelic exchanges between poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) utilizing an in vitro translation and RNA replication assay (C. Cornell, R. Perera, J. E. Brunner, and B. L. Semler, J. Virol. 78:4397-4407, 2004). We showed that three of the seven chimeras were capable of RNA replication in vitro, although replication levels were greatly reduced compared to that of wild-type transcripts. Interestingly, one of the replication-competent transcripts displayed a strand-specific RNA synthesis defect suggesting (i) a differential replication complex assembly mechanism involving 3D and/or precursor molecules (i.e., 3CD) required for negative- versus positive-strand RNA synthesis or (ii) effect(s) on the ability of the 3D polymerase to form higher-ordered structures required for positive-strand RNA synthesis. In this study, we have attempted to rescue defective RNA replication in vitro by cotranslating nonstructural proteins from a transcript encoding a large precursor polyprotein (P3) to complement 3D polymerase and/or precursor polypeptide functions altered in each of the chimeric constructs. Utilization of a wild-type P3 construct revealed that all transcripts containing chimeric PV1/CVB3 polymerase sequences can be complemented in trans for both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis. Furthermore, data from experiments utilizing genetically modified forms of the P3 polyprotein, containing mutations within 3C or 3D sequences, strongly suggest the existence of different protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions required for positive- versus negative-strand RNA synthesis. These results, combined with data from in vitro RNA elongation assays, indicate that the delivery of active 3D RNA polymerase to replication complexes requires a series of macromolecular interactions that rely on the presence of specific 3D amino acid sequences.
FIDA: A Framework to Automatically Integrate FPGA Kernels Within Data-Science Applications (2018)

Hardware accelerators are an effective solution to increase the performance of algorithms in a wide array of disciplines, from data science to computational finance. However, data scientists and mathematicians often do not have the required knowledge or time to fully exploit these accelerators, and they perceive them as difficult and frustrating to use. OpenCL was created to simplify the creation of computational pipelines with heterogeneous hardware, but as of today, its integration with high-level languages commonly used in data science is limited. In this paper, we propose a framework to integrate OpenCL kernels running on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with Python, R, and MATLAB, the most common languages used in data science. Our framework can automatically generate all the interfaces needed to wrap an OpenCL kernel into these high-level languages and provide the user with a transparent access to the kernel itself.
Importance of individual activated protein C cleavage site regions in coagulation Factor V for Factor Va inactivation and for Factor Xa activation (1999)

Activated protein C (APC) cleavage of Factor Va (FVa) at residues R506 and R306 correlates with its inactivation. APC resistance and increased thrombotic risk are due to the mutation R506Q in Factor V (FV). To study the effects of individual cleavages in FVa by APC and the importance of regions near the cleavage sites, the following recombinant (r) human FVs were prepared and purified: wild-type, Q306-rFV, Q506-rFV, and Q306Q506-rFV. All had similar time courses for thrombin activation. Q506-rFVa was cleaved by APC at R306 and was moderately resistant to APC in plasma-clotting assays and in prothrombinase assays measuring FVa residual activity, in agreement with studies of purified plasma-derived Q506-FVa. Q306-rFVa was cleaved by APC at R506 and gave a low APC-resistance ratio similar to Q506-rFVa in clotting assays, whereas unactivated Q306-rFV gave a near-normal APC-resistance ratio. When FVa residual activity was measured after long exposure to APC, Q306-rFVa was inactivated by only < or = 40% under conditions where Q506-rFVa was inactivated > 90%, supporting the hypothesis that efficient inactivation of normal FVa by APC requires cleavage at R306. In addition, the heavy chain of Q306-rFVa was cleaved at R506 much more rapidly than activity was lost, suggesting that FVa cleaved at only R506 is partially active. Under the same conditions, Q306Q506-rFVa lost no activity and was not cleaved by APC. Therefore, cleavage at either R506 or R306 appears essential for significant inactivation of FVa by APC. Modest loss of activity, probably due to cleavage at R679, was observed for the single site rFVa mutants, as evidenced by a second phase of inactivation. Q306Q506-rFVa had a low activity-to-antigen ratio of 0.50-0.77, possibly due to abnormal Factor Xa (FXa) binding. Furthermore, Q306Q506-rFV was very resistant to cleavage and activation by FXa. Q306Q506-rFV appeared to bind FXa and inhibit FXa's ability to activate normal FV. Thus, APC may downregulate FV/Va partly by impairing FXa-binding sites upon cleavage at R306 and R506. This study shows that R306 is the most important cleavage site for normal efficient inactivation of FVa by APC and supports other studies suggesting that regions near R306 and R506 provide FXa-binding sites and that FVa cleaved at only R506 retains partial activity.
Merit factor based comparison of new polyphase sequences (1998)

New polyphase sequences, named Px sequences, of a square integer length are found. Standard merit factors of polyphase Frank (1963), P1, P3, P4, Golomb and Chu (1972) sequences are compared with merit factors of Px sequences. It is found that Px sequences have better sidelobe-energy merit factor and not worse maximum-sidelobe merit factor in comparison to all mentioned analytically constructed sequences.
The A.I.E.E. as an Educational Institution (1935)

One of the objects of the A.I.E.E. as stipulated in its Constitution is “the maintenance of a high professional standing among its members.” To maintain a high individual professional standing, an engineer must keep himself informed of technical advances in his field; in other words, if he expects to advance in his profession his education cannot stop after graduation from an educational institution, but must continue throughout his career. In this, his opening address at the Institute's 1935 winter convention, President Johnson brings clearly and forcefully to the attention of Institute members the many educational activities of the Institute that will help them maintain high professional standing. He urges that members of the Institute “realize the dependence of their individual professional standing upon their continuing education, and make full use of the opportunities offered by the Institute.” This address was prepared originally for presentation at a meeting of the Pittsburgh Section of the Institute, and was read before that body by E. C. Stone on January 8, 1935; by request, President Johnson revised and extended it for presentation at the winter convention.
Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting (2020)

As the world decides on the next giant step for the renewable energy revolution, scientists have begun to reinforce their headlong dives into the exploitation of solar energy. Hitherto, numerous attempts are made to imitate the natural photosynthesis of plants by converting solar energy into chemical fuels which resembles the "Z-scheme" process. A recreation of this system is witnessed in artificial Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>). This work outlines the recent significant implication of the Z-scheme system in photocatalytic water splitting, particularly in the role of electron mediator and the key factors that improve the photocatalytic performance. The Review begins with the fundamental rationales in Z-scheme water splitting, followed by a survey on the development roadmap of three different generations of Z-scheme system: 1) PS-A/D-PS (first generation), 2) PS-C-PS (second generation), and 3) PS-PS (third generation). Focus is also placed on the scaling up of the "leaf-to-tree" challenge of Z-scheme water splitting system, which is also known as Z-scheme photocatalyst sheet. A detailed investigation of the Z-scheme system for achieving H<sub>2</sub> evolution from past to present accompanied with in-depth discussion on the key challenges in the area of Z-scheme photocatalytic water splitting are provided.
Laplacian Electrograms and the Interpretation of Complex Ventricular Activation Patterns During Ventricular Fibrillation (2000)

Laplacian electrograms allow detection of the moment of local activation without interference from remote activity or repolarization, especially during complex arrhythmias. The technique applied to automatic sensing devices, such as the internal defibrillator, may optimize defibrillation success.
The Normal Bacterial Flora of the Human Intestine and Its Regulation (2007)

The gastrointestinal tract, and the colon in particular, is host to a number of bacteria that reside within its lumen. In health, greater than 90% of this flora is composed of anaerobes, whereas facultative anaerobes and aerobes are present in smaller numbers. The recent development of molecular methods to quantify these bacteria provides powerful tools to study the influence of these organisms on bowel function. These studies indicate that about 75% of fecal bacteria can be characterized, and belong to the 3 dominant groups—the Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium leptum group, and Bacteroides-Prevotella group. The development and maturation of the enteric flora, and also the diversity of the flora, is reviewed. Multiple factors regulate the population number of these bacteria, including gastric acidity, intestinal transit, dietary factors, antibiotic use, and bacterial interactions with other bacteria and with the epithelium. Anaerobic bacteria in the intestine change the redox status of the colon; they also produce molecules such as short chain fatty acids, which influence colonic epithelial and mucosal physiology in many ways. New knowledge suggests that these bacteria exert effects on host immunity, which extend well beyond the intestine.
“Self-Employed” in Caregivinghood: The Contribution of Swedish Informal Caregivers’ Environmental and Contextual Resistance Resources and Deficits (2017)

Informal caregivers provide the majority of care for older adults residing in their own homes. Caregivinghood, a new evidence-based concept, describes a time of life when relatives provide care at home. These caregivers need knowledge regarding resources to help them resolve the challenges they encounter. The theoretical framework underpinning this study is Antonovsky’s salutogenic theory of health. This study had two aims: (1) to examine the salutogenic core concepts Generalized and Specific Resistance Resources and Deficits (GRRs/SRRs and GRDs/SRDs) described by Swedish informal caregivers as originating from the environmental and contextual domain of caregivinghood and (2) to discuss how this new knowledge might contribute to the development of health promotion initiatives. This qualitative and theory driven study used inductive and deductive data analysis. Data were gathered through salutogenically guided face-to-face interviews of 32 Swedish informal caregivers. In addition, the study relied on the salutogenic core concepts Specific and Generalized Resistance Resources and Deficits originating from their environment and context. Being in empowering surroundings reflects the presence of usable SRRs/GRRs, whereas Struggling in impeding surroundings reflects the presence of SRDs/GRDs. The results indicate that health-enhancing support has to be individualized (SRRs/SRDs) and generalized (GRRs/GRDs). This study’s salutogenic approach and the methodology enhance the understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of Sense of Coherence. The results contribute both empirically and theoretically to strengthen health promotion research and practice when developing activities and support for caregivers in stressful situations, such as informal caregiving.
Persistent Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Rate of FEV1 Decline in Cystic Fibrosis (2008)

Persistent infection with MRSA in individuals with CF between the ages of 8 and 21 years is associated with a more rapid rate of decline in lung function.
Quantitative Analysis of Abducens Neuron Discharge Dynamics During Saccadic and Slow Eye Movements (1999)

The mechanics of the eyeball and its surrounding tissues, which together form the oculomotor plant, have been shown to be the same for smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Hence it was postulated that similar signals would be carried by motoneurons during slow and rapid eye movements. In the present study, we directly addressed this proposal by determining which eye movement-based models best describe the discharge dynamics of primate abducens neurons during a variety of eye movement behaviors. We first characterized abducens neuron spike trains, as has been classically done, during fixation and sinusoidal smooth pursuit. We then systematically analyzed the discharge dynamics of abducens neurons during and following saccades, during step-ramp pursuit and during high velocity slow-phase vestibular nystagmus. We found that the commonly utilized first-order description of abducens neuron firing rates (FR = b + kE + r, where FR is firing rate, E and are eye position and velocity, respectively, and b, k, and r are constants) provided an adequate model of neuronal activity during saccades, smooth pursuit, and slow phase vestibular nystagmus. However, the use of a second-order model, which included an exponentially decaying term or "slide" (FR = b + kE + r + uE - c), notably improved our ability to describe neuronal activity when the eye was moving and also enabled us to model abducens neuron discharges during the postsaccadic interval. We also found that, for a given model, a single set of parameters could not be used to describe neuronal firing rates during both slow and rapid eye movements. Specifically, the eye velocity and position coefficients (r and k in the above models, respectively) consistently decreased as a function of the mean (and peak) eye velocity that was generated. In contrast, the bias (b, firing rate when looking straight ahead) invariably increased with eye velocity. Although these trends are likely to reflect, in part, nonlinearities that are intrinsic to the extraocular muscles, we propose that these results can also be explained by considering the time-varying resistance to movement that is generated by the antagonist muscle. We conclude that to create realistic and meaningful models of the neural control of horizontal eye movements, it is essential to consider the activation of the antagonist, as well as agonist motoneuron pools.
PWM based VSC-HVDC systems &#x2014; A review (2009)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing research and development work on Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) based HVDC systems. In addition to providing an overview of the state of the art, an extensive bibliography of the existing literature is provided. Throughout the paper numerous areas of open research are also identified to promote future development of this promising technology.
Immune alterations and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches in lung cancer (2012)

Enhancing the immune system represents an appealing avenue for lung cancer therapy. Several immunomodulating agents have activity in this regard including ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against the CTLA-4, and talactoferrin, a dendritic cell activator. In addition, a significant activity was shown with belagenpumatucel-L, a whole-cell-based vaccine that blocks the action of TGF-β2. Other promising vaccines are protein-specific vaccines against tumor antigens such as MAGE-A3, EGF, and MUC1. Although some of these immunotherapies may have lackluster performance as single agents in advanced disease, more impressive results are seen in combination with chemotherapy agents. Given their proven activity in lung cancer, these immunotherapies may soon become a powerful addition to the oncologist's toolbox.
Electrical transport properties of individual gallium nitride nanowires synthesized by chemical-vapor-deposition (2002)

We have synthesized high-quality gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires by a chemical-vapor-deposition method and studied the electrical transport properties. The electrical measurements on individual GaN nanowires show a pronounced n-type field effect due to nitrogen vacancies in the whole measured temperature ranges. The n-type gate response and the temperature dependence of the current–voltage characteristics could be understood by the band bending at the interface of the metal electrode and GaN wire. The estimated electron mobility from the gate modulation characteristics is about 2.15 cm2/V s at room temperature, suggesting the diffusive nature of electron transport in the nanowires.
Europol: the AI hacker threat to biometrics (2021)

BTT's Tim Ring reports on a deep-dive study into how cybercriminals are using deepfakes and other AI technology to defeat the face and voice recognition security used by banks, businesses and governments.
A Conceptual Study Towards Delivery of Consumable Materials to Aircraft Assembly Stations Performed by Mobile Robots Based on Industry 4.0 Principles (2017)

International audience
Time-domain identification using ARMARKOV/Toeplitz models (1997)

Recursive time-domain identification techniques using a recursive least-squares algorithm with an ARMA representation have been used to identify the transfer function coefficients of SISO systems. In this paper we derive an alternative recursive time-domain identification technique that is based upon recursive identification of the Markov parameters of a system. We introduce the recursive ARMARKOV/Toeplitz identification algorithm which estimates the Markov parameters recursively from time-domain input-output data. This identification technique is based upon linear time-invariant finite-dimensional systems having an ARMARKOV representation that relates the current output of a system to past outputs as well as current and past inputs.
Influence of temperature on some octahedral-tetrahedral equilibria in solution (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of temperature on some octahedral-tetrahedral equilibria in solutionDavid E. Scaife and K. P. WoodCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 2, 358–365Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50048a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50048a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porcupine Breeding Technology and Its Developing Prospects (2010)

The morphological structure,biological characteristics,farming technology and developing prospects of the porcupine are reviewed in the paper to supply the references for scale cultivation of the animal.