gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Hyperplasia and Adenomas Are Associated with Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 11A in Carriers of <i>PDE11A</i> Sequence Variants That Are Frequent in the Population (2006)

Several types of adrenocortical tumors that lead to Cushing syndrome may be caused by aberrant cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling. We recently identified patients with micronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia who were carriers of inactivating mutations in the 2q-located phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) gene. We now studied the frequency of two missense substitutions, R804H and R867G, in conserved regions of the enzyme in several sets of normal controls, including 745 individuals enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study, the New York Cancer Project. In the latter, we also screened for the presence of the previously identified PDE11A nonsense mutations. R804H and R867G were frequent among patients with adrenocortical tumors; although statistical significance was not reached, these variants affected significantly enzymatic function in vitro with variable increases in cAMP and/or cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in HeLa and HEK293 cells. Adrenocortical tissues carrying the R804H mutation showed 2q allelic losses and higher cyclic nucleotide levels and cAMP-responsive element binding protein phosphorylation. We conclude that missense mutations of the PDE11A gene that affect enzymatic activity in vitro are present in the general population; protein-truncating PDE11A mutations may also contribute to a predisposition to other tumors, in addition to their association with adrenocortical hyperplasia. We speculate that PDE11A genetic defects may be associated with adrenal pathology in a wider than previously suspected clinical spectrum that includes asymptomatic individuals.
Whole-cell response of the pennate diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> to iron starvation (2008)

Marine primary productivity is iron (Fe)-limited in vast regions of the contemporary oceans, most notably the high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions. Diatoms often form large blooms upon the relief of Fe limitation in HNLC regions despite their prebloom low cell density. Although Fe plays an important role in controlling diatom distribution, the mechanisms of Fe uptake and adaptation to low iron availability are largely unknown. Through a combination of nontargeted transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches, we have explored the biochemical strategies preferred by Phaeo dactylum tricornutum at growth-limiting levels of dissolved Fe. Processes carried out by components rich in Fe, such as photosynthesis, mitochondrial electron transport, and nitrate assimilation, were down-regulated. Our results show that this retrenchment is compensated by nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) reallocation from protein and carbohydrate degradation, adaptations to chlorophyll biosynthesis and pigment metabolism, removal of excess electrons by mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and augmented Fe-independent oxidative stress responses. Iron limitation leads to the elevated expression of at least three gene clusters absent from the Thalassiosira pseudonana genome that encode for components of iron capture and uptake mechanisms.
Selective Fabrication of SiC/Si Heterojunction Diodes by Local Laser Annealing Process for Microwave Circuit Applications (2017)

This paper presents the RF characterization of SiC/Si heterojunction diodes fabricated using a novel localized laser process. Selective growth of SiC on Si is carried out by utilizing excimer laser-based annealing in the presence of carbon source. Use of ambient conditions (atmospheric pressure and room temperature) during growth makes this process simple and low cost. The Si wafer is first coated with carbon rich film and then locally annealed using high power laser which causes dissociation of solid carbon sources and a simultaneous melting of the silicon leading to the growth of SiC. The Raman spectrum shows peaks for acoustical and optical phonon modes for β-SiC between 940 and 980 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The fabricated diodes show high breakdown voltage (>200 V) and low leakage current density of 3-5 μA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (-5 V). Experimental results for the dc characteristics, microwave rectification and frequency multiplication are presented. The measured results show good RF rectification (e.g., 21 V/W at 3 GHz) up to 6 GHz using a large diode (70×70 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The diodes also work well as frequency doublers over a wide frequency range of 2-6 GHz. The diode area can be scaled down to design circuits operating at higher frequencies.
The Chinese Father (2016)

Abstract In this chapter the authors focus on the way in which contemporary Chinese men (re)negotiate the meanings and emergent norms that apply to being a good parent. On the basis of the wen-wu conceptualization of Chinese masculinity and of the recent history of Chinese fatherhood, as well as empirical data from multiple regions of reform-era China, it is argued that China's newly competitive economy accounts for the emergence of a new image of masculinity that is organized around the hybridity of the traditional wen and wu dimensions, with increased emphasis on the self-confidence, politeness, and cool demeanor of males. In this new sociocultural milieu, spousal expectations also increase in terms of marital life and family care work. The combined force of intrafamilial and societal influences has motivated Chinese fathers desire to be more closely involved in and to form a loving relationship with their singleton children, and to value self-expression and intimacy over aloof and detached parent-child relationships, thereby making fatherhood in contemporary China an integral part of the new Chinese masculinity.
CD38 molecule: structural and biochemical analysis on human T lymphocytes, thymocytes, and plasma cells. (1990)

The structure of the CD38 molecule has been evaluated by one- and two-dimensional gel analysis and by enzymatic digestions. The source of the Ag was mainly membrane preparations obtained from MLC cells, from normal thymocytes, and from the plasmocytoma line LP-1. Membranes were solubilized in NP-40 and the extracts fractionated by immunoaffinity chromatography [using a specific anti-CD38 antibody (A10 mAb) covalently linked to Sepharose protein A]. The purified Ag migrated as a single chain of Mr = 45,000 not associated with beta 2-microglobulin. Two-dimensional IEF gel electrophoresis revealed five spots (isoelectric point (pI) range: 6.5 to 6.9). After neuraminidase treatment, the mobility of the five polypeptides shifted to a more basic pI. Endoglycosidase-H treatment reduced the Mr of CD38 by 20%, revealing a broader band centered at Mr = 36,000. Treatment of CD38 molecule with V8 Staphylococcus aureus protease yielded a single dominant band at Mr = 38,000 which was still reactive with A10 mAb. The CD38 molecular was trypsin-resistant in both denatured or native conditions. These results clearly show the glycoprotein nature of CD38 molecule, which includes 2 to 4 N-linked oligosaccharide chains containing sialic acid residues. Furthermore, the present data indicate that the CD38 molecule does not display an apparent biochemical polymorphism among the different CD38+ cells or lines.
Stability of first trimester placental growth factor in serum and whole blood (2011)

Routine screening of sample handling requires careful monitoring. However, no extra precautions need to be taken when PlGF is used for pre-eclampsia screening run alongside existing first trimester aneuploidy screening programs that include hCGβ.
A fuzzy feature clustering with relevance feedback approach to content-based image retrieval (2003)

The increasing number of digitized images required an efficient image retrieval system. In this paper, we demonstrate the fundamental principles, implementation methods, performance evaluations, and experimental results from the proposed model. We present a region-based prototype image retrieval system named FuzzyImage. The system is characterized by feature vectors. First, we segment an image into regions depending on clustering similar feature vectors by fuzzy c-means. Next, a similar measurement is used to evaluate the similarity between the query image and incorporated regions. The users can select the most interesting regions from 5 sample images that pop-up, and by feedback to the system. Based on the selected individual regions of query images, the overall similarity helps filter out irrelevant images in a database after relevance feedback and enables a simple user-oriented query interface for a region-based image retrieval system. This algorithm is implemented and tested on general-purpose images. This project makes three main contributions to a region-based CBIR system. First, a region segmentation method is employed in the FuzzyImage system. Second, this system takes the user's intuition into consideration and designs a user-oriented interface to directly search the database. Thirdly, we evaluate retrieval precision of the system to support this theoretical claim.
A comparative study of MOS VCOs for low voltage high performance operation (2004)

Six 10GHz MOS VCOs were designed and fabricated in the IBM 6RF 0.25um CMOS process. Their oscillation frequency, output amplitude and phase noise performance are measured and compared, and the results confirm that replacing shielded-ground inductors with high-resistvity substrate inductors improves phase noise performance. Capacitive source degeneration has also been identified as a performance limiting mechanism in MOS based VCOs rather than performance enhancing as in BJT based VCOs.
The Apoptosis-inducing Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Analog E21R Functions through Specific Regions of the Heterodimeric GM-CSF Receptor and Requires Interleukin-1β-converting Enzyme-like Proteases (1997)

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) analog E21R induces apoptosis of hemopoietic cells. We examined the GM-CSF receptor subunit requirements and the signaling molecules involved. Using Jurkat T cells transfected with the GM-CSF receptor we found that both receptor subunits were necessary for E21R-induced apoptosis. Specifically, the 16 membrane-proximal residues of the alpha subunit were sufficient for apoptosis. This sequence could be replaced by the corresponding sequence from the interleukin-2 receptor common gamma subunit, identifying this as a conserved cytokine motif necessary for E21R-induced apoptosis. Cells expressing the alpha subunit and truncated betac mutants showed that the 96 membrane-proximal residues of betac were sufficient for apoptosis. E21R, in contrast to GM-CSF, did not alter tyrosine phosphorylation of betac, suggesting that receptor-associated tyrosine kinases were not activated. Consistent with this, E21R decreased the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). E21R-induced apoptosis was independent of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and required interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases. In contrast, Bcl-2, which protects cells from growth factor deprivation-induced cell death, did not prevent this apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the GM-CSF receptor and ICE-like protease requirements for E21R-induced apoptosis.
Increase in Plasma Endotoxin Concentrations and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 in Mononuclear Cells After a High-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Meal (2009)

The novel changes described after the HFHC meal elucidate further the mechanisms underlying postprandial inflammation and also provide the first evidence explaining the pathogenesis of insulin and leptin resistance mediated by SOCS-3 after such meals. In contrast, an AHA meal does not induce these effects.
A 28-GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer with reference and frequency doublers for 5G cellular (2015)

This paper presents a 27.5-29.6GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer using reference and frequency doublers to achieve low in-band and out-of-band phase-noise for 5G mobile communications. The push-push amplifier and 28GHz balun help achieving differential signals with low out-of-band phase noise while consuming low power. A charge pump with gated offset as well as reference doubler help reducing noise-folding effect resulting low in-band phase noise while sampling loop filter helps reducing spurs. The proposed synthesizer has been implemented in 65nm CMOS technology achieving an in-band and out-of-band phase noise of -78dBc/Hz and -126dBc/Hz, respectively while consuming only 33mW. The jitter-power figure-of-merit (FoM) is -231dB which is the highest among the state-of-the-art >20GHz fractional-N PLLs. Reference spurs are less than -80 dBc.
Interruption characteristics of distributed dynamic channel allocation with reuse partitioning and power control (1996)

Abstract Distributed dynamic channel allocation (DDCA) schemes are important because they allow flexible handling of variations in traffic. It has been clarified by simulation that better call‐loss and interference characteristics are obtained by combining reuse partitioning and transmission power control schemes. Channel allocation and interference in DDCA are formalized in this article. It is also shown that a lower limit can be established in the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) degradation caused by interference accompanying calls to other stations when channel allocation is performed such that reuse partitioning is ideally realized simultaneously. It is shown that this lower limit is described by the SIR margin and reuse partitioning characteristics and power control schemes. In addition, it is shown that the degrees of degradation in SIR of the mobile station and the base station in conversation can be predicted in advance, including the case in which reuse partitioning may not be performed ideally.
Filtration of airborne microorganisms: Modeling and prediction (1999)

The filtration of airborne particulates has been studied extensively and removal efficiencies can be adequately predicted from theory or from catalog data. The filtrations of airborne microorganisms, however, has not been specifically addressed by theory and has seen limited empirical study. This paper addresses the variety of factors that may cause microbial filtration efficiency to deviate from predicted values based on particulate size alone. A model is developed to incorporate those factors likely to have significant impact, namely, aspect ratios and lognormal size distributions. This model is then challenged with a database of known airborne pathogens and allergens for which these parameters have been established. Results suggest existing filtration models are accurate within reason for the prediction of filtration efficiencies of airborne bacteria and spores, provided logmean diameters are used. Implications for the use of filtration in health care facilities are discussed.
Gaze input for mobile devices by dwell and gestures (2012)

This paper investigates whether it is feasible to interact with the small screen of a smartphone using eye movements only. Two of the most common gaze-based selection strategies, dwell time selections and gaze gestures are compared in a target selection experiment. Finger-strokes and accelerometer-based interaction, i. e. tilting, are also considered. In an experiment with 11 subjects we found gaze interaction to have a lower performance than touch interaction but comparable to the error rate and completion time of accelerometer (i.e. tilt) interaction. Gaze gestures had a lower error rate and were faster than dwell selections by gaze, especially for small targets, suggesting that this method may be the best option for hands-free gaze control of smartphones.
The dynamic rollover threshold - a heavy truck sensitivity study (2005)

Knowledge of rollover mechanics, which is required in heavy truck development, commonly relies on a static analysis, providing the steady-state rollover threshold, SSRT. In a rolling vehicle, kinetic energy is always present and that deteriorates the analysis of roll stability from SSRT and implies the need for a dynamic rollover threshold, DRT, as a complement. A method to determine DRT is presented and a parameter sensitivity study is applied. The influences on SSRT and DRT, including interaction effects, from roll stiffnesses and roll centre heights, are calculated. Results show that a rigid truck and a tractor semitrailer combination are unequally sensitive to parameter changes. Design changes can hence affect SSRT and DRT differently, which indicates that two vehicles can be equally stable statically but differently dynamically. Therefore, if DRT is not analysed, a redesign of a vehicle can deteriorate roll stability even though it appears to improve it.
Graphene–Noble Metal Nano-Composites and Applications for Hydrogen Sensors (2017)

Graphene based nano-composites are relatively new materials with excellent mechanical, electrical, electronic and chemical properties for applications in the fields of electrical and electronic devices, mechanical appliances and chemical gadgets. For all these applications, the structural features associated with chemical bonding that involve other components at the interface need in-depth investigation. Metals, polymers, inorganic fibers and other components improve the properties of graphene when they form a kind of composite structure in the nano-dimensions. Intensive investigations have been carried out globally in this area of research and development. In this article, some salient features of graphene–noble metal interactions and composite formation which improve hydrogen gas sensing properties—like higher and fast response, quick recovery, cross sensitivity, repeatability and long term stability of the sensor devices—are presented. Mostly noble metals are effective for enhancing the sensing performance of the graphene–metal hybrid sensors, due to their superior catalytic activities. The experimental evidence for atomic bonding between metal nano-structures and graphene has been reported in the literature and it is theoretically verified by density functional theory (DFT). Multilayer graphene influences gas sensing performance via intercalation of metal and non-metal atoms through atomic bonding.
Thrombin-Induced Release of Calcum from Blood Platelets (1969)

Washed blood platelets, suspended in buffered saline, release most of their calcium to the surrounding medium when they are incubated with thrombin at 37°C. The release is inhibited when energy metabolism is blocked.
Dihydroxy-2,5 benzenesulphonate (dobesilate) elicits growth arrest and apoptosis in glioma cells (2005)

Objectives: Dihydroxy-2,5 benzenesulphonate (dobesilate) is used as an oral agent for treatment of vascular complications of diabetic retinopathy. We previously showed that blockade of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) driving angiogenesis with dobesilate inhibited new blood vessel formation in a mouse gelatine plug assay. In the present study we assessed the effects of dobesilate in rat glioma cells. Methods: Rat C6 cells line were grown as adherent cells in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Calcium dobesilate was added in independent experiments at the following concentrations: 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM, and cells were incubated for 24 hours. Effects of dobesilate in glioma cell proliferation and survival were assessed using crystal violet staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results: Incubation of glioma cells with dobesilate for 24 hours concentration-dependently decreased cell proliferation with an apparent IC50 of 25 μM, and this antiproliferative effect was related to a significant increase in glioma cell apoptosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that dobesilate is a promising candidate leading to the development of a new adjuvant therapeutic strategy for gliomas.
Reliability of Electroless Nickel for High Temperature Applications (1999)

The electroless Ni/Au plating has gained a high interest for jlip chip technologies because of its high potential for cost reduction of the bumping process. The electroless nickel bumping process pmvides a selective autocatalytic metal deposition directly on the aluminum pads of wafers, no costly equipment for sputtering, photo resist imaging and electroplating is required. The electroless nickel have been quanlified as bumps or under bump metallization (UBW for different assemblies such as soldering, at#esive joining or other bonding processes. For jlip chip soldering a selective solder deposition on the nickel bumps is essential. The highest potential for cost reduction offers the stencil printing of sdder pates. The usual solder is the eutectic lead-tin solder (PbSn37/63) with a melting point of I83 OC. This metallurgical system Ni-UBM / PbSn37/63 shows an excellent reliability. Results of the long-duration aging at I50 OC and other reliability tests will be presented. Eutectic gold-tin (AuSn80/20) or PbSn95/5 are available solders for high temperature application One application field for high temperature awembly is the under-the-hood-automotive application. For operation temperatures (15OoC -250 C) extended requirements for the reliability of the Ni-UBM are given. Due to the plating conditions the electroless Ni bumps show an amorphous structure. At higher temperatures some effects like relmation and cvstallization were observed. During the relaxation (above 230 c) the atoms move over small interatomic distances and get a new arrangement with reduced volume. The change of the amorphous structure could not be observed for this effect. At temperatures above 320 OC a crystallization with a formation of Ni and Nig takes place. The crystallization includes a further reduction of volume of the Ni/P alloy. This eflect can lead to silicon cratering below the Ni if an improper UBM thickness is used. Suitable Ni bump geometries are discussed. In order to investigate the structure of electroless nickel thermal anabsis (diflerential scanning calorimehy, thermomechanical analysis), x-ray difiaction measurements and other structural investigations were cam'ed out. Simplified models for the formation of silicon cracks due to the structure transformation are shown. Some results of the phase formation and phase growth of the Ni-LMB with solders (AuSn 80120 and PbSn 95/5) at 200 c are presented. The infruence of the phosphorous on the phase gmwth and the impact on the reliability at higher temperatures are summarized and discussed.