gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of murine teratocarcinoma cell differentiation by suppression of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis. (1984)

Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity in mouse teratocarcinoma EC-A1 cells decreased markedly during differentiation induced by retinoic acid; the activities assayed in permeabilized cells decreased to 25% and 10% of the activity of control (uninduced cells) 2 and 3 days, respectively, after the addition of 0.1 microM retinoic acid to the culture medium. This change preceded changes in morphology and DNA synthesis, which became prominent after 4 days. The decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity appeared to be caused by a diminution of the synthetase protein and not by a decrease in its catalytic activity, because the full activity disclosed by DNase I treatment decreased in parallel, albeit at about 20 times higher levels. When 8 mM 3-aminobenzamide or 10 mM nicotinamide, specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, was added to the culture medium, the cells underwent differentiation after 7-9 days. An analogue, 3-aminobenzoic acid, which is not inhibitory to the synthetase, induced differentiation much less efficiently than did 3-aminobenzamide, and the effect of 3-aminobenzoic acid appeared to be ascribable to its potent cytotoxicity. Immunohistochemical analysis using anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody confirmed the marked reduction in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesizing activity in nuclei of the cells treated with retinoic acid or 3-aminobenzamide but not with 3-aminobenzoic acid. These results suggest that a decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis triggers differentiation of teratocarcinoma cells.
Synthesis and properties of SAPO-37 (1991)

The synthesis of silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-37 which has the faujasite structure type is described. The SAPO-37 product is extensively characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Guinier–Lenné photographs. Direct comparison between SAPO-37 and zeolite Y is drawn from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of both the frame-work and of sorbed pyridine, and also from oxygen adsorption studies. Aging of the synthesis gel appears to aid the crystallization of pure materials, whilst long synthesis times lead to co-crystallization with SAPO-5 and/or SAPO-40. The incorporation of silicon into the framework of SAPO-37 is demonstrated by 27Al, 31P and 29Si magic-angle spinning magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). Preliminary results for a comparison of H-SAPO-37 and H-Y in o-xylene isomerization are discussed.
Recurrent Timing Neural Networks for Joint F0-Localisation Based Speech Separation (2007)

A novel extension to recurrent timing neural networks (RTNNs) is proposed which allows such networks to exploit a joint interaural time difference-fundamental frequency (ITD-F0) auditory cue as opposed to F0 only This extension involves coupling a second layer of coincidence detectors to a two-dimensional RTNN. The coincidence detectors are tuned to particular ITDs and each feeds excitation to a column in the RTNN. Thus, one axis of the RTNN represents FO and the other ITD. The resulting behaviour allows sources to be segregated on the basis of their separation in ITD-F0 space. Furthermore, all grouping and segregation activity proceeds within individual frequency channels without recourse to across channel estimates of FO or ITD that are commonly used in auditory scene analysis approaches. The system has been evaluated using a source separation task operating on spatialised speech signals.
Field Emission Properties of Titanium Carbide Coated Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2007)

Field emission properties of titanium carbide (TiC) coated carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have been investigated. The turn-on voltage of field emission is largely decreased and the emission sites are increased after the coating of TiC thin films. It is evidenced that the combination of the low work function of TiC and the high aspect ratio of CNTs is effective for the fabrication of high quality field emitters.
Activation of human neutrophils by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived sulfolipid-1 (1991)

The principal sulfatide of a group of acidic lipids from virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), stimulates neutrophil superoxide (O2-) generation and, at lower concentrations, primes neutrophil response to several other metabolic agonists including FMLP, and PMA. These responses to SL-1 were examined in relation to diacylglycerol (DAG) generation, Ca2+ availability and activation of guanine nucleotide binding proteins to clarify the signal transduction pathways involved. Pertussis toxin inhibited the ability of SL-1 to both stimulate neutrophils directly and to prime neutrophils for subsequent responses induced by PMA, suggesting a role for one or more guanine nucleotide regulating proteins in both responses. SL-1 induced a rise in neutrophil DAG levels. DAG generation was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ ablated O2- release induced by stimulatory levels of SL-1 but did not inhibit the priming effect induced by substimulatory concentrations of the lipid. Investigation of the activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system revealed that the SL-1-priming effect was associated with translocation of the soluble cytosolic factors required for activation of the enzyme. Cytosolic factor translocation was not observed in pertussis toxin pretreated cells. Our results provide evidence for the role of a guanine nucleotide binding protein in both priming and direct activation of neutrophils by SL-1. This G protein regulates both SL-1-induced DAG generation and cytosolic cofactor translocation involved in neutrophil activation and priming. The multiplicity of effects of SL-1 on signal transduction pathways leading to phagocyte activation and priming may exert a profound influence on the pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis.
Acute movement disorders with bilateral basal ganglia lesions in uremia (1998)

Acute and subacute extrapyramidal movement disorders are rarely reported in uremic patients. We report three such cases with basal ganglia lesions. All three had advanced renal failure with high serum creatinine levels. One of the patients had a history of ischemic heart disease and acute pulmonary edema with hypoxemia. Another patient had experienced arterial hypotension during previous hemodialysis. The third had prominent metabolic acidosis. One of the patients developed generalized dyskinesias, whereas the other two developed gait disturbances. Neuroimaging studies in all three cases showed bilateral changes in the basal ganglia. The natural history was self-limiting with gradual improvement. Diminution of the basal ganglia lesions was demonstrated on follow-up imaging in two of the three cases. We conclude that acute or subacute movement disorders with bilateral basal ganglia lesions may occur in uremia. Hypoperfusion with global brain ischemia and selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia to uremic toxins may account for these lesions.
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Tinnitus-Related Beta- and Gamma-Band Activity (2014)

In Brief Objectives: The ability of a treatment method to interfere with tinnitus-related neural activity patterns, such as cortical gamma rhythms, has been suggested to indicate its potential in relieving tinnitus. Therapeutic modulation of gamma-band oscillations with vagus nerve stimulation has been recently reported in epileptic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on neural oscillatory patterns. Design: We calculated the power spectral density and synchrony of magnetoencephalography recordings during auditory stimulation in seven tinnitus patients and eight normal-hearing control subjects. Comparisons between subject groups were performed to reveal electrophysiological markers of tinnitus. tVNS-specific effects within each group were studied by comparing recording blocks with and without tVNS. We also investigated the correlation of each measure with individual ratings of tinnitus distress, as measured by the tinnitus handicap inventory questionnaire. Results: Tinnitus patients differed from controls in the baseline condition (no tVNS applied), measured by both cortical oscillatory power and synchronization, particularly at beta and gamma frequencies. Importantly, we found tVNS-induced changes in synchrony, correlating strongly with tinnitus handicap inventory scores, at whole-head beta-band (r = −0.857, p = 0.007), whole-head gamma-band (r = −0.952, p = 0.0003), and frontal gamma-band (r = −0.952, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: We conclude that tVNS was successful in modulating tinnitus-related beta- and gamma-band activity and thus could have potential as a treatment method for tinnitus. The authors studied brain activity patterns of tinnitus patients and controls with MEG and found differences in baseline oscillatory power spectral density and synchrony between the two groups. Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) further induced changes in beta- and gamma-band synchrony, which correlated with individual rankings of tinnitus distress, as measured by Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. tVNS successfully modulated tinnitus-related activity and could thus have potential as a treatment method for tinnitus.
Tensile Testing of Cellulose Based Natural Fibers for Structural Composite Applications (2009)

A series of tensile tests were conducted on a Lloyd LRX tensile testing machine for numerous natural fibers deemed potential candidates for development in composite applications. The tensile tests were conducted on the fibers jute, kenaf, flax, abaca, sisal, hemp, and coir for samples exposed to moisture conditions of (1) room temperature and humidity, (2) 65% moisture content, (3) 90% moisture content, and (4) soaked fiber. These seven fibers were then tested for the four conditions and the mechanical properties of tensile strength, tensile strain to failure, and Young's modulus were calculated for the results. These results were then compared and verified with those from the literature, with some of the fibers showing distinctly promising potential. Additionally, a study on the effect of alkalization using 3% NaOH solution was carried out on flax, kenaf, abaca, and sisal to observe impact that this common fiber pre-treatment process has on fiber mechanical properties. The result of the investigation indicated that over treatment of natural fibers using NaOH could have a negative effect on the base fiber properties. It is consequently apparent that a treatment time of less than 10 min is sufficient to remove hemicelluloses and to give the optimum effect.
Seasonally changing metabolism in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.) I - Growth and feed conversion ratio (2003)

To determine seasonal variation in growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR), Atlantic salmon postsmolts (Salmo salar L.) were exposed to either simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) for 12 months or continuous light (LL) from January to June followed by SNP until December. Feed was given to excess and uneaten feed pellets were collected after every meal for estimation of feed intake and calculation of FCR. Body weight increased from 1086 ± 9 g (mean ± SEM) in January to 4970 ± 7 g (SNP) and 5190 ± 23 g (LL) in December. Specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor and feed intake displayed strong seasonal variation in both groups. Measurements of the thermal growth coefficient correlated highly with SGR (r = 0.98, P < 0.05), indicating that the seasonal variation in SGR was independent of temperature and fish size. Continuous light treatment resulted in increased growth from spring, while the fish exposed to simulated natural light had increased growth rate in late summer. Furthermore, LL improved FCR. Periods of high SGR were concurrent with periods of low FCR in both groups.
Statistical Learning with Sparsity (2015)

Discover New Methods for Dealing with High-Dimensional DataA sparse statistical model has only a small number of nonzero parameters or weights; therefore, it is much easier to estimate and interpret than a dense model. Statistical Learning with Sparsity: The Lasso and Generalizations presents methods that exploit sparsity to help recover the underl
Polarizable Water Model for the Coarse-Grained MARTINI Force Field (2010)

Coarse-grained (CG) simulations have become an essential tool to study a large variety of biomolecular processes, exploring temporal and spatial scales inaccessible to traditional models of atomistic resolution. One of the major simplifications of CG models is the representation of the solvent, which is either implicit or modeled explicitly as a van der Waals particle. The effect of polarization, and thus a proper screening of interactions depending on the local environment, is absent. Given the important role of water as a ubiquitous solvent in biological systems, its treatment is crucial to the properties derived from simulation studies. Here, we parameterize a polarizable coarse-grained water model to be used in combination with the CG MARTINI force field. Using a three-bead model to represent four water molecules, we show that the orientational polarizability of real water can be effectively accounted for. This has the consequence that the dielectric screening of bulk water is reproduced. At the same time, we parameterized our new water model such that bulk water density and oil/water partitioning data remain at the same level of accuracy as for the standard MARTINI force field. We apply the new model to two cases for which current CG force fields are inadequate. First, we address the transport of ions across a lipid membrane. The computed potential of mean force shows that the ions now naturally feel the change in dielectric medium when moving from the high dielectric aqueous phase toward the low dielectric membrane interior. In the second application we consider the electroporation process of both an oil slab and a lipid bilayer. The electrostatic field drives the formation of water filled pores in both cases, following a similar mechanism as seen with atomistically detailed models.
Low threshold GaAs/GaAlAs BH lasers with ion-beam-etched mirrors (1985)

We report the use of the ion-beam etching (IBE) technique to produce GaAs/GaAlAs BH lasers with one etched and one cleaved mirror facet. Low threshold currents of 12 mA have been measured in devices with 100 μm-long cavities.
A flux-sensitive reproducing head for magnetic recording systems (1955)

A description is given of a new type of flux-sensitive reproducing head for use on magnetic tape or drum recording systems. The head is compact and relatively simple in operation and differs from conventional reproducing heads in that its efficiency is fundamentally independent of signal frequency over the working range and is completely independent of the speed of the recording medium on reproduction. It can, in fact, be used to make measurements of recorded flux at points along the length of a stationary recorded medium. The head may be of value in certain specialized applications of magnetic recording technique, such as those dealing with very-low-frequency signals or the examination of transient phenomena.
The human–severe combined immunodeficiency myasthenic mouse model: A new approach for the study of myasthenia gravis (1993)

We have established a new chimeric human-mouse model of myasthenia gravis in severe combined immunodeficiency mice, using human peripheral blood lymphocytes that survive in the mouse and produce specific antibodies that mediate pathological changes typical of human myasthenia gravis. Mice given peripheral blood lymphocytes from both anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive and -negative patients with myasthenia gravis showed circulating anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, deposition of human IgG at muscle end-plates, and simplification of the postsynaptic membrane, findings characteristic of human myasthenia gravis. Mice given human peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors and simultaneously immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor showed the same changes. This chimeric model, utilizing human cells to reproduce the immunopathological findings of human myasthenia gravis in a nonhuman environment, offers new opportunities to study immune regulation in autoimmunity.
Genes and pathways downstream of telomerase in melanoma metastasis (2006)

Recent studies have demonstrated a role for telomerase in driving tumor progression, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we show that stable, ribozyme-mediated suppression of mouse telomerase RNA reduced telomerase RNA expression, telomerase activity, and telomere length, which significantly reduced tumor invasion and metastatic potential. Our studies reveal that previously unidentified effects of telomerase may mediate its tumor-promoting effects. First, reducing telomerase activity induced a more dendritic morphology, accompanied by increased melanin content and increased expression of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. Second, gene expression profiling revealed that telomerase targeting down-regulated expression of several glycolytic pathway genes, with a corresponding decrease in glucose consumption and lactate production. Thus, telomerase activity controls the glycolytic pathway, potentially altering the energy state of tumor cells and thereby modulating tyrosinase activity and melanin production. These studies have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which telomerase promotes tumor invasion and metastasis.
A Novel Isoform of Syntaxin-binding Protein Homologous to Yeast Sec1 Expressed Ubiquitously in Mammalian Cells (1995)

munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1, a brain homologue of the yeast Sec1p protein, is thought to participate in regulating the docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles. We have screened the mouse cDNA library of an MIN6 cell line, derived from pancreatic beta cells, for its novel isoform and have identified a cDNA encoding a 593-amino acid protein having 63, 53, and 30% identity with munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1, Caenorhabditis elegans unc18, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sec1p, respectively. While munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1 expression has been reported to be neural-specific, RNA blot analysis has revealed that the novel isoform, which we refer to as muSec1 (mammalian ubiquitous Sec1), is expressed ubiquitously. We have also identified mouse munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1 from the MIN6 cDNA library, indicating that different isoforms of a protein participating in vesicular transport exist in a single cell. muSec1 bound to glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin 1A and, although with lower affinity, to glutathione S-transferase-syntaxin 4 fusion protein. These findings suggest that muSec1 is, via its binding to the syntaxin family, involved in the protein trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane and that the fundamental mechanisms of protein trafficking have been conserved from yeast through virtually all mammalian cells.
Exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide alleviates drought stress in cucumber seedlings (2016)

Drought limits plant growth and crop yield worldwide and more frequent occurrences of water shortages are expected according to climate change projections. However, relatively little is known about whether the spraying of plants leaves with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) would alleviate the symptoms of drought stress. In this study, 3-week-old cucumber seedlings exposed to different soil water contents (non-limiting soil water conditions, medium drought, and severe drought) were foliar-sprayed with 1.5 mM H2O2. Growth, photosynthesis and oxidative defense system were determined after one week of treatment. Results showed that exogenous H2O2 significantly increased biomass, leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content, coupled with increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), especially under medium drought. Meanwhile, superoxide anion radicals (O2−), electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased whereas the activities of key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) as well as soluble sugar and proline contents increased in H2O2-treated plants. Hence, exogenously applied H2O2 considerably improved drought tolerance of cucumber plants by increasing the plant antioxidative defense system and the capacity for osmotic adjustment to alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation and to reestablish cell turgor, and thereby increasing photosynthesis, particularly under medium drought.
Effect of combined therapy in patients with urolithiasis of lower urinary pH. (1987)

The effect of combining therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, allopurinol and systemic alkalization for urolithiasis with lower urinary pH was examined. A total of 90 patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years, the average follow up period being 18 months. The total stone disappearance rate was 60% (kidney stone), 74% (ureter stone) and 20% (bladder stone). Large amounts of thiazide diuretics, potassium and magnesium were intravenously administered to a patient with systemic alkalization at slow infusion speed, neither serious side effects nor complication occurred. This method is simple and an effective remedy. It is also very practical in the developing countries of the third world.
Superresolution digital holographic microscopy for three-dimensional samples (2008)

An approach that allows superresolution imaging of three-dimensional (3-D) samples by numerical refocusing is presented in the field of digital holographic microscopy. Based on the object's spectrum shift produced by tilted illumination, we present a time multiplexing superresolved approach to overcome the Abbe's diffraction limit. The proposed approach uses a microscope in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric architecture with the particularity that the output plane does not coincide with the image plane. Thus, a set of off-axis non-image plane holograms are sequentially recorded for every tilted beam used in the illumination stage. After that and by using simple digital post-processing and numerical reconstruction, a 3-D superresolved sample volume is reconstructed slice-by- slice in terms of the definition of a synthetic aperture (SA) that expands the cutoff frequency of the microscope lens. Experimental results showing the capabilities of the proposed approach are presented.
[Interaction of glycosaminoglycans with positively charged fluorochromes]. (1986)

Interaction of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with cationic fluorochromes, which are used for binding with DNA, was studied in biological material (urine, extract from hyalin cartilage) obtained from patients with hereditary mucopolysaccharidoses and from healthy persons. Among the four fluorochromes studied in the reactions with standard GAG's, DAPI proved to be the most suitable fluorochrome. Quantitative fluorimetric technique enabled to estimate the GAG concentration and to evaluate the individual content of heparan-SO4 and keratan-SO4 in biological sources. Interaction of DAPI with GAG was electrostatic and depended on stereometry of DAPI-binding sites on the GAG molecule.