gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation and Analysis of Software Based Fault Isolation (1996)

Extensible applications rely upon user-supplied, untrusted modules to extend their func-tionality. To remain reliable, applications must isolate themselves from user modules. One method places each user module in a separate address space (process), which uses hardware virtual memory support to isolate the user process. Costly inter-process com-munication, however, prohibits frequent communication between the application and the untrusted module. We implemented and analyzed a software method for isolating an application from user modules. The technique uses a single address space. We provide a logical address space and per-module access to system resources for each module. Our software technique is a two-step process. First, we augment a module’s code so that it cannot access any address outside of an assigned range. Second, we prevent the module from using system calls to access resources outside of its fault domain. This method for software isolation has two particular advantages over processes. First, for frequently communicating modules, we significantly reduce context switch time. Thus, we demonstrate near-optimal inter-module communication using software fault isolation. Second, our software-based techniques provide an efficient and expedient solution in situations where only one address space is available (e.g., kernel, or a single-address-space operating system).
Silver-Catalyzed Cyclization of Acetylenic Alcohols: Synthesis of Functionalized 2-Methylene-oxolanes (2000)

Silver salts which have a basic counter-ion are efficient catalysts for the regiospecific intramolecular addition of various acetylenic alcohols. Silver carbonate in aromatic solvent proved to be the best catalyst. Alkynols in which the two reacting parts of the molecule are relatively close together in space required only catalytic amounts of silver ion, while others cyclize readily with stoichiometric quantities. This heterocyclization reaction provides a mild and convenient access to 2-methylene-oxolanes or oxanes.
Gene transfer with cationic lipid into human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. (1999)

Direct injection of a DNA-lipid complex into a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model tumor is a safe and simple method of gene transfection, proving this to be a viable method of transfer for use in gene therapy.
Redirecting Coronavirus to a Nonnative Receptor through a Virus-Encoded Targeting Adapter (2006)

Murine hepatitis coronavirus (MHV)-A59 infection depends on the interaction of its spike (S) protein with the cellular receptor mCEACAM1a present on murine cells. Human cells lack this receptor and are therefore not susceptible to MHV. Specific alleviation of the tropism barrier by redirecting MHV to a tumor-specific receptor could lead to a virus with appealing properties for tumor therapy. To demonstrate that MHV can be retargeted to a nonnative receptor on human cells, we produced bispecific adapter proteins composed of the N-terminal D1 domain of mCEACAM1a linked to a short targeting peptide, the six-amino-acid His tag. Preincubation of MHV with the adapter proteins and subsequent inoculation of human cells expressing an artificial His receptor resulted in infection of these otherwise nonsusceptible cells and led to subsequent production of progeny virus. To generate a self-targeted virus able to establish multiround infection of the target cells, we subsequently incorporated the gene encoding the bispecific adapter protein as an additional expression cassette into the MHV genome through targeted RNA recombination. When inoculated onto murine LR7 cells, the resulting recombinant virus indeed expressed the adapter protein. Furthermore, inoculation of human target cells with the virus resulted in a His receptor-specific infection that was multiround. Extensive cell-cell fusion and rapid cell killing of infected target cells was observed. Our results show that MHV can be genetically redirected via adapters composed of the S protein binding part of mCEACAM1a and a targeting peptide recognizing a nonnative receptor expressed on human cells, consequently leading to rapid cell death. The results provide interesting leads for further investigations of the use of coronaviruses as antitumor agents.
Focus on Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

The study of carbon nanotubes, since their discovery by Iijima in 1991, has become a full research field with significant contributions from all areas of research in solid-state and molecular physics and also from chemistry. This Focus Issue in New Journal of Physics reflects this active research, and presents articles detailing significant advances in the production of carbon nanotubes, the study of their mechanical and vibrational properties, electronic properties and optical transitions, and electrical and transport properties. Fundamental research, both theoretical and experimental, represents part of this progress. The potential applications of nanotubes will rely on the progress made in understanding their fundamental physics and chemistry, as presented here. We believe this Focus Issue will be an excellent guide for both beginners and experts in the research field of carbon nanotubes.
Avoiding Cartesian products for multiple joins (1997)

Computing the natural join of a set of relations is an important operation in relational database systems. The ordering of joins determines to a large extent the computation time of the join. Since the number of possible orderings could be very large, query optimizers first reduce the search space by using various heuristics and then try to select an optimal ordering of joins. Avoiding Cartesian products is a common heuristic for reducing the search space, but it cannot guarantee optimal ordering in its search space, because the cheapest Cartesian-product-free (CPF for short) ordering could be significantly worse than an optimal non-CPF ordering by a factor of an arbitrarily large number. In this paper, we use programs consisting of joins, semijoins, and projections for computing the join of some relations, and we introduce a novel algorithm that derives programs from CPF orderings of joins. We show that there exists a CPF ordering from which our algorithm derives a program whose cost is within a constant factor of the cost of an optimal ordering. Thus, our result demonstrates the effectiveness of avoiding Cartesian products as a heuristic for restricting the search space of orderings of joins.
Local Dynamic Reactive Power for Correction of System Voltage Problems (2008)

Distribution systems are experiencing outages due to a phenomenon known as local voltage collapse. Local voltage collapse is occurring in part because modern air conditioner compressor motors are much more susceptible to stalling during a voltage dip than older motors. These motors can stall in less than 3 cycles (.05s) when a fault, such as on the sub-transmission system, causes voltage to sag to 70 to 60%. The reasons for this susceptibility are discussed in the report. During the local voltage collapse, voltages are depressed for a period of perhaps one or two minutes. There is a concern that these local events are interacting together over larger areas and may present a challenge to system reliability. An effective method of preventing local voltage collapse is the use of voltage regulation from Distributed Energy Resources (DER) that can supply or absorb reactive power. DER, when properly controlled, can provide a rapid correction to voltage dips and prevent motor stall. This report discusses the phenomenon and causes of local voltage collapse as well as the control methodology we have developed to counter voltage sag. The problem is growing because of the use of low inertia, high efficiency air conditioner (A/C) compressor motors and because the use of electric A/C is growing in use and becoming a larger percentage of system load. A method for local dynamic voltage regulation is discussed which uses reactive power injection or absorption from local DER. This method is independent, rapid, and will not interfere with conventional utility system voltage control. The results of simulations of this method are provided. The method has also been tested at the ORNL s Distributed Energy Communications and Control (DECC) Laboratory using our research inverter and synchronous condenser. These systems at the DECC Lab are interconnected to an actual distribution system, the ORNL distribution system, which is fed from TVA s 161kV sub-transmission backbone. The test results are also provided and discussed. The simulations and testing show that local voltage control from DER can prevent local voltage collapse. The results also show that the control can be provided so quickly, within 0.5 seconds, that is does not interfere with conventional utility methods.
Immune Cell Populations within the Duodenal Mucosa of Dogs with Enteropathies (2001)

The mucosal immune system may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of small intestinal enteropathies. The aim of the current study was to assess mucosal immune cell populations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), idiopathic antibiotic-responsive diarrhea (ARD), and adverse reactions to food (FR). Endoscopic biopsies were performed of the duodenum of dogs with these conditions and from a group of dogs without enteric disease. Additional control samples were collected after death from other dogs that did not have evidence of enteric disease. Immunohistochemistry and computer-aided morphometry were used to assess the distribution of immune cell subsets in both lamina propria and intestinal epithelium. Compared with controls, dogs with ARD had increased numbers of lamina propria immunoglobulin (Ig) A- plasma cells and CD4+ cells. More marked alterations were noted in dogs with IBD, with significant increases in lamina propria IgG+ plasma cells, T cells (CD3+), CD4+ cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, but with reduced mast cell numbers. Increased intraepithelial CD3+ T cells were also present in the dogs with IBD, compared with controls. However, lamina propria and epithelial populations were unaltered in dogs with FR when compared with controls. The altered mucosal immune cell populations observed in dogs with ARD or IBD may reflect an underlying immunologic pathogenesis in these disorders.
[Generation of response functions of a NaI detector by using an interpolation technic]. (1983)

A computer method is developed for generating response functions of a NaI detector to monoenergetic gamma-rays. The method is based on an interpolation between measured response curves by a detector. The computer programs are constructed for Heath's response spectral library. The principle of the basic mathematics used for interpolation, which was reported previously by the author, et al., is that response curves can be decomposed into a linear combination of intrinsic-component patterns, and thereby the interpolation of curves is reduced to a simple interpolation of weighting coefficients needed to combine the component patterns. This technique has some advantages of data compression, reduction in computation time, and stability of the solution, in comparison with the usual functional fitting method. The processing method of segmentation of a spectrum is devised to generate useful and precise response curves. A spectral curve, obtained for each gamma-ray source, is divided into some regions defined by the physical processes, such as the photopeak area, the Compton continuum area, the backscatter peak area, and so on. Each segment curve then is processed separately for interpolation. Lastly the estimated curves to the respective areas are connected on one channel scale. The generation programs are explained briefly. It is shown that the generated curve represents the overall shape of a response spectrum including not only its photopeak but also the corresponding Compton area, with a sufficient accuracy.
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy Drives Monocyte-to-Dendritic Cell Maturation to Induce Anticancer Immunity (2018)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is a cancer immunotherapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) operative in more than 350 centers worldwide. Although its efficacy and favorable safety profile have driven its widespread use, elucidation of its underlying mechanism has been difficult. In this study, we identify the principal contributors to the anticancer immunotherapeutic effects of ECP, with the goal of enhancing potency and broadening applicability to additional malignancies. First, we scaled down the clinical ECP leukocyte-processing device to mouse size. Second, we used that miniaturized device to produce a cellular vaccine that regularly initiated therapeutic antimelanoma immunity. Third, we individually subtracted key factors from either the immunizing inoculum or the treated animal to ascertain their contribution to the <i>in vivo</i> antimelanoma response. Platelet-signaled monocyte-to-dendritic cell (DC) differentiation followed by sorting/processing/presentation of tumor antigens derived from internalized apoptotic tumor cells were absolute requirements. As in clinical ECP, immunogenic cell death of tumor cells was finely titrated by DNA cross-linkage mediated by photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOPA). ECP-induced tumor-loaded DC were effective immunotherapeutic agents only if they were spared exposure to 8-MOPA, indicating that healthy DC are required for ECP. Infusion of responder T cells into naïve tumor-challenged mice established the protective role of stimulated T-cell antitumor immunity. Collectively, these results reveal that selective antitumor effects of ECP are initiated by tumor antigen-loaded, ECP-induced DC, which promote potent collaboration between CD4 and CD8 tumor-specific T cells. These mechanistic insights suggest potential therapeutic applicability of ECP to solid tumors in addition to CTCL.<b>Significance:</b> These findings identify principal cellular contributors to the anticancer immunotherapeutic impact of ECP and suggest this treatment may be applicable to a broad spectrum of immunogenic malignancies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(14); 4045-58. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Extreme ultraviolet reflectors with metal–oxide multilayered structures (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Jean-Pierre Delaboudiniere, Tran Khanh Vien, Jean-Louis Stehle, Pierre Bernstein, and Louis Nevot, "Extreme ultraviolet reflectors with metal–oxide multilayered structures," Appl. Opt. 25, 1266-1267 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Thermoelectric properties of p-type polycrystalline SnSe doped with Ag (2014)

Doped polycrystalline SnSe could have <italic>zT</italic> 0.6 at 750 K, suggesting good potential for thermoelectrics. Challenges come from difficulty in doping and hysteresis in resistivity.
Metabolomics of a Model Fruit: Tomato (2011)

Tomato has quickly become a favoured species for metabolomics research. Tomato fills a niche that cannot be occupied by Arabidopsis, particularly regarding studies on fleshy fruit. Variations in genotype and phenotype have been broadly exploited using metabolomics approaches in order to gain a better understanding of fundamental aspects of plant physiology, fruit growth and fruit development. The commercial importance of tomato as one of the world's most important and widely grownand consumed vegetables is a significant driving force behind this fruit research. Therefore, many metabolomics studies have specifically been focused on traits of importance to the food and agro-industries. Fruit quality, nutritional value as well as the influence on these traits of fruit storage, transport and processing into pasteurized and cooked products have also been subjects for extensive metabolomics analyses. These studies have already considerably expanded our knowledge, and continue to do so, concerning many aspects of the tomato fruit phenotype, both visible and chemical. Furthermore, increased knowledge of the genetics of tomato, the recently available draft of the tomato genome sequence as well as the emerging technologies for next generation sequencing, large-scale phenotyping and systems biology approaches have generated many novel research concepts that are also placing metabolomics analyses of tomatoes right at the forefront of fruit research.
Analysis of Mixtures of Dicobalt Octacarbonyl and Cobalt Carbonyl Anion (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Mixtures of Dicobalt Octacarbonyl and Cobalt Carbonyl AnionH. W. Sternberg, Irving Wender, and Milton OrchinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 1, 174–176Publication Date (Print):January 23, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60061a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60061a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct reconstruction of non‐Cartesian <i>k</i>‐space data using a nonuniform fast Fourier transform (2001)

An algorithm of Dutt and Rokhlin (SIAM J Sci Comput 1993;14:1368-1383) for the computation of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of nonuniformly-spaced data samples has been extended to two dimensions for application to MRI image reconstruction. The 2D nonuniform or generalized FFT (GFFT) was applied to the reconstruction of simulated MRI data collected on radially oriented sinusoidal excursions in k-space (ROSE) and spiral k-space trajectories. The GFFT was compared to conventional Kaiser-Bessel kernel convolution regridding reconstruction in terms of image reconstruction quality and speed of computation. Images reconstructed with the GFFT were similar in quality to the Kaiser-Bessel kernel reconstructions for 256(2) pixel image reconstructions, and were more accurate for smaller 64(2) pixel image reconstructions. Close inspection of the GFFT reveals it to be equivalent to a convolution regridding method with a Gaussian kernel. The Gaussian kernel had been dismissed in earlier literature as nonoptimal compared to the Kaiser-Bessel kernel, but a theorem for the GFFT, bounding the approximation error, and the results of the numerical experiments presented here show that this dismissal was based on a nonoptimal selection of Gaussian function.
Autonomous driving based on accurate localization using multilayer LiDAR and dead reckoning (2017)

In this study, we developed an autonomous driving system for mountainous public roads. Three-dimensional normal distribution transform (NDT) scan matching is employed for localization and a model predictive controller is utilized for vehicle motion control. In order to increase the robustness of the localization method, the estimated poses are computed by an extended Kalman filter using dead reckoning and NDT information. The uncertainty of the pose estimated by NDT is determined by using the Hessian matrix computed in the optimization process for scan matching. We conducted experiments in a public road environment over 20 times and all of the tests were successful. The experimental results confirmed that the autonomous driving system can operate reliably in mountainous public roads. In addition, the evaluation results obtained for the localization method showed that accurate and robust localization can be achieved in mountainous rural environments.
Genomic characterization of Alzheimer’s disease and genotype-related phenotypic analysis of biological markers in dementia (2004)

More than 180 genes distributed across the human genome are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AD population shows a higher genetic variation rate than the control population. Significant differences in allelic distribution and frequency exist when AD-related polygenic clusters are compared with other forms of dementia, indicating that the genetic component in neurodegenerative dementia differs from that of other CNS disorders. The characterization of AD genotype-related phenotypic profiles reveals substantial differences in biological markers among AD clusters associated with different genes and/or allelic combinations. AD and dementia with vascular component (DVC) are the most prevalent forms of dementia. Both clinical entities share many similarities, but they differ in their major phenotypic and genotypic profiles, as revealed by structural and functional genomics studies. Comparative phenotypic studies have identified significant differences in 25% of more than 100 parametric variables, including anthropometric values, cardiovascular function, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, uric acid metabolism, peripheral calcium homeostasis, liver function, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, red and white blood cells, regional brain atrophy, and brain blood flow velocity. Functional genomic studies incorporating apolipoprotein E (APOE)-related changes in biological markers extended the difference between AD and DVC by up to 57%. Structural genomic studies with AD-related genes, including APP, MAPT, APOE, PS1, PS2, A2M, ACE, AGT, cFOS, and PRNP, demonstrate different genetic profiles in AD and DVC, with an absolute genetic variation rate in the range of 30-80%, depending upon genes and genetic clusters. The relative polymorphic variation in genetic clusters integrated by two, three or four genes associated with AD ranges from 1 to 3%. The main phenotypic differences in AD are genotype dependent, indicating a powerful influence of polygenic factors on the AD phenotypic profile. All these genotypic and phenotypic variations bring about important consequences for the pharmacogenomics of AD.
Feature Superfilling in Copper Electrochemical Deposition (2002)

We present a finite element-based simulator for electrochemical deposition (ECD) on the scale of features on patterned wafers during integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. The potential, current, and species concentration fields are computed after specifying the dependent variable values above the wafer surface, along with the needed transport and reaction kinetic models. We use this simulator as part of EVOLVE, a topography simulator, to test two chemistry-based deposition rate models that may explain superfilling of micrometer-scale features during IC fabrication. The models both include inhibition, but one includes multisite blocking by the inhibitor. We show that the models work for different cases and conclude that the range of validity of each model is limited. This limitation is to be expected when using simplified models of complex processes such as multiadditive ECD systems; nevertheless, such models can predict the effects of small changes in operating conditions and/or incoming wafer state. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.