gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong spin-photon coupling in silicon (2018)

Long coherence times of single spins in silicon quantum dots make these systems highly attractive for quantum computation, but how to scale up spin qubit systems remains an open question. As a first step to address this issue, we demonstrate the strong coupling of a single electron spin and a single microwave photon. The electron spin is trapped in a silicon double quantum dot, and the microwave photon is stored in an on-chip high-impedance superconducting resonator. The electric field component of the cavity photon couples directly to the charge dipole of the electron in the double dot, and indirectly to the electron spin, through a strong local magnetic field gradient from a nearby micromagnet. Our results provide a route to realizing large networks of quantum dot-based spin qubit registers.
Inhibition of ALK Signaling for Cancer Therapy (2009)

Paradigm shifting advances in cancer can occur after discovering the key oncogenic drivers of the malignant process, understanding their detailed molecular mechanisms, and exploiting this transdisciplinary knowledge therapeutically. A variety of human malignancies have anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations, amplifications, or oncogenic mutations, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, non-small cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma. This finding has focused intense interest in inhibiting ALK signaling as an effective molecular therapy against diseases with ALK-driven pathways. Recent progress in the elucidation of the major canonical signaling pathways postulated to be activated by NPM-ALK signaling has provided insight into which pathways may present a rational therapeutic approach. The identification of the downstream effector pathways controlled by ALK should pave the way for the rational design of ALK-inhibition therapies for the treatment of a subset of human cancers that harbor ALK aberrations.
Synthesis and Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Zapotin, a Natural Product from <i>Casimiroa </i><i>edulis</i> (2006)

An efficient method has been developed to synthesize zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone), a component of the edible fruit Casimiroa edulis, on a multigram scale. The synthesis utilizes a regioselective C-acylation of a dilithium dianion derived from a substituted o-hydroxyactophenone to afford a beta-diketone intermediate that can be cyclized to zapotin in good overall yield, thus avoiding the inefficient Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement pathway. Zapotin was found to induce both cell differentiation and apoptosis with cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells). In addition, the compound inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity with human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 cells), and TPA-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity with human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells). These data suggest that zapotin merits further investigation as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent.
3D segmentation of soft organs by flipping-free mesh deformation (2009)

Segmentation of 3D soft organs from complex volume images is a very important and challenging task. The objects of interest may have inhomogeneous voxel intensities and some object boundaries may be indistinct. Existing algorithms are either sensitive to noise or computationally expensive. This paper presents a novel algorithm that overcomes these shortcomings. The algorithm adopts a novel flipping-free mesh deformation and registration method that can easily incorporate geometric constraints to reduce sensitivity to noise. It efficiently deforms the 3D model in large displacements reducing total computational costs. These properties are confirmed by comprehensive test results.
A physiological role for luminal gastrin? (1978)

Optical networks represent a promising solution for the future high capacity and flexible transport network. This paper presents a model for the performance evaluation of optical networks with respect to linear crosstalk and accumulated spontaneous emission noise. The proposed model is intended for the evaluation of the crosstalk requirements on the devices needed to support an optical network with a certain number of nodes and with a given level of bit-error rate.
Fabrication and characterization of tosyl‐activated magnetic and nonmagnetic monodisperse microspheres for use in microfluic‐based ferritin immunoassay (2013)

This article describes the preparation of tosyl-activated nonmagnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) [P(HEMA-GMA)] microspheres by dispersion polymerization and tosyl-activated magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) [P(HEMA-EDMA)] microspheres by multistep swelling polymerization method and precipitation of iron oxide inside the pores. These new approaches show that monodisperse microspheres, 2.3 µm, respectively 4.1 µm, in diameter can be produced in high yields avoiding aggregation and with the advantage of being free of aromatic moieties. To demonstrate their potential for diagnostic applications, both types of microparticles have been coated with capture and detection antibodies (DAs), respectively. Immunoassay protocols have then been developed for the dosage of ferritin using an automated affinity platform combining microchannel chips and electrochemical detection. The assay performance using the above magnetic microspheres has been compared with that obtained with commercial tosyl-activated beads. Finally, the possibility to combine functionalized magnetic and nonmagnetic microspheres has been evaluated in view of amplifying the number of enzymatic labels in the immuno-complex. At a ferritin concentration of 119.6 ng/mL, a signal-to-noise ratio of 150.5 is obtained using 0.2 mg/mL of anti-ferritin-coated P(HEMA-GMA)-DA microspheres against a value of 158.8 using free DA in solution.
The water-protecting properties of insect hairs (1948)

D. J. Crisp and W. H. Thorpe, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1948, 3, 210 DOI: 10.1039/DF9480300210
Identification of Two Domains of the p70 Ku Protein Mediating Dimerization with p80 and DNA Binding (1998)

The Ku autoantigen is a heterodimer of 70 (p70) and approximately 80 kDa (p80) subunits that is the DNA-binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex involved in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Binding to DNA ends is critical to the function of DNA-PK, but how Ku interacts with DNA is not completely understood. To define the role of p70 and p80 and their dimerization in DNA binding, heterodimers were assembled by co-expressing the subunits using recombinant baculoviruses. Two p70 dimerization sites, amino acids 1-115 and 430-482, respectively, were identified. Binding of p70 to linear double-stranded DNA could be demonstrated by an immunoprecipitation assay, and required the C-terminal portion (amino acids 430-609), but not interaction with p80. The p70 mutants 1-600, 1-542, 1-115, and 430-600 did not bind DNA efficiently. However, DNA binding of 1-600, 1-542, and 1-115, but not 430-600, was restored by dimerization with p80, indicating that p70 has two DNA binding sites, each partially overlapping one of the dimerization sites. The C-terminal domain can bind DNA by itself, but the N-terminal domain requires dimerization with p80. These observations could be relevant to the multiple functional activities of Ku and explain controversies regarding the role of dimerization in DNA binding.
Peering through the iframe (2011)

Drive-by-download attacks have become the method of choice for cyber-criminals to infect machines with malware. Previous research has focused on developing techniques to detect web sites involved in drive-by-download attacks, and on measuring their prevalence by crawling large portions of the Internet. In this paper, we take a different approach at analyzing and understanding drive-by-download attacks. Instead of horizontally searching the Internet for malicious pages, we examine in depth one drive-by-download campaign, that is, the coordinated efforts used to spread malware. In particular, we focus on the Mebroot campaign, which we periodically monitored and infiltrated over several months, by hijacking parts of its infrastructure and obtaining network traces at an exploit server. By studying the Mebroot drive-by-download campaign from the inside, we could obtain an in-depth and comprehensive view into the entire life-cycle of this campaign and the involved parties. More precisely, we could study the security posture of the victims of drive-by attacks (e.g., by measuring the prevalence of vulnerable software components and the effectiveness of software updating mechanisms), the characteristics of legitimate web sites infected during the campaign (e.g., the infection duration), and the modus operandi of the miscreants controlling the campaign.
Early Events in the Photochemistry of Aryl Azides from Femtosecond UV/Vis Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations (2006)

The photochemistry of para- and ortho-biphenylyl azides and 1-naphthyl azide was studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. In every case, the singlet azide second excited states were observed by transient absorption spectroscopy and were found to have lifetimes of hundreds of femtoseconds. The decay of the S2 states of the azides was accompanied by the growth of transient absorption of the corresponding singlet nitrenes. The intermediate S1 state of the azides could not be observed due to its low instantaneous concentration resulting from fast fragmentation and nitrene formation. Quantum chemical calculations predict that the S2 state of the azide is bound and that there is a much lower barrier toward arylnitrene formation from the S1 state of the azide. Vibrational cooling of para-biphenylnitrene (11 ps) was experimentally observed. The lifetime of singlet ortho-biphenylnitrene was 16 ps in acetonitrile and was not affected by perdeuteration of the aryl ring. The lifetime of singlet 1-naphthylnitrene is 12 ps in acetonitrile at ambient temperature.
An Efficient Strategy for Enhancing the Photosensitivity of Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimers (2010)

We describe an efficient strategy for designing high-performance fast-photochromic molecules with increased photosensitivity to solar UVA radiation. The photosensitivity of [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers can be readily enhanced through appropriate design of the phenyl rings attached to the imidazole rings. The diversity of the molecular design and the ease of synthesis make this class of photochromic molecules highly attractive for high-performance ophthalmic plastic lenses.
SUBWAVE: a methodology for modeling digital substrate noise injection in mixed-signal ICs (2002)

A methodology is presented for generating compact models of substrate noise injection in complex logic networks. For a given gate library, the injection patterns associated with a gate and an input transition scheme are accurately evaluated using device-level simulation. Assuming spatial independence of all noise generating devices, the cumulative switching noise resulting from all injection patterns is efficiently computed using a gate-level event-driven simulator. The resulting injected signal is then sampled and translated into an energy spectrum which accounts for fundamental frequencies as well as glitch energy. Preliminary results demonstrate the validity of the assumptions and the accuracy of the approach on a set of standard benchmark circuits.
Demonstration of a Peroxide Shunt in the Tetrahydropterin-Dependent Aromatic Amino Acid Monooxygenases (2009)

The nonheme iron enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase catalyze the hydroxylation of their aromatic amino acid substrates using a tetrahydropterin as the source of electrons. The hydroxylating intermediate is proposed to be an Fe(IV)O species. We report here that all three enzymes will catalyze hydroxylation reactions using H(2)O(2) in place of tetrahydropterin and oxygen, forming tyrosine and 3-hydroxyphenylalanine from phenylalanine, 4-HOCH(2)-phenylalanine from 4-CH(3)-phenylalanine, and hydroxycyclohexylalanine from 3-cyclohexylalanine. No peroxide-dependent reaction is seen with active site mutants of TyrH and PheH in which the stability or reactivity of the iron center is compromised. These results provide further support for an Fe(IV)O hydroxylating intermediate.
A comparison of absorbed dose determinations in graphite by cavity ionization measurements and by calorimetry (1967)

Se pte mber 27, 1966
N,O‐Acetals from Pivalaldehyde and Amino Acids for the α‐Alkylation with Self‐Reproduction of the Center of Chirality. Enolates of 3‐Benzoyl‐2‐(<i>tert</i>‐butyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐5‐ones (1985)

Abstract The sodium salts of ( S )‐alanine, ( S )‐phenylalanine, ( S )‐valine, and ( S )‐methionine are condensed with pivalaldehyde to imines 5 . Cyclization by treatment with benzoyl chloride in cold CH 2 Cl 2 gives mainly (4:1 to > 99:1) the (2 S ,4 S )‐4‐alkyl‐3‐benzoyl‐2‐( tert ‐butyl)‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐5‐ones ( 6 ; cis ‐configuration) in high yields (85–95%). The oxazolidinones 6 and 7 are deprotonated with lithium diethylamide (LDEA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and alkylated (Mel, benzyl bromide) or hydroxyalkylated (benzaldehyde) to 4,4‐disubstituted oxazolidinones 9 and 10 , respectively, with high diastereoselectivity (9:1 to 50:1; relative topicity ul ). Hydrolysis of three of the oxazolidinones to amino acids of known configuration and optical purity indicates that little if any racemization occurs in the process.
Thin film poly III&#x2013;V space solar cells (2008)

Results on the development of polycrystalline III–V based devices grown by OMVPE on thin metallic foil substrates are presented. It has previously been demonstrated that device quality polycrystalline Ge suitable for OMVPE growth can be produced on metallic foils using a recrystallization process. This work reports on the development of textured metal foil substrates with low misfit grain boundary orientations designed to improve the semiconducting device parameters of the “epitaxially” deposited Ge films, the use of innovative device structures, and grain boundary passivation approaches for the polycrystalline GaAs films that are all designed to address performance issues associated with these types of solar cells. The Ge which serves as the III-V growth template could be activated and serve as the bottom junction of a conventional triple junction III-V cell design using this approach. The crystallographic, morphological, and electro-optical properties associated with these substrates and related epitaxial films will be presented. In addition, the thermal and radiation behavior, that is critical for the potential use of these devices in space, was investigated. The potential for these devices for future space development and exploration will be discussed.
Enhancement of speech intelligibility using transients extracted by wavelet packets (2009)

Speech transients have been shown to be important cues for identifying and discriminating speech sounds. We previously described a wavelet packet-based method for extracting transient speech (Rasetshwane et al. WASPAA 2007, pp. 179-182). The algorithm uses a ldquotransitivity functionrdquo to characterize the rate of change of wavelet coefficients, and it can be implemented in real-time to process continuous speech. Psycho-acoustic experiments to select parameters for and to evaluate this method are presented. Results show that modified speech created by amplifying transient speech and adding it to original speech has higher percent word recognition scores than original speech in the presence of background noise.
Harvesting microalgae by CTAB-aided foam flotation increases lipid recovery and improves fatty acid methyl ester characteristics (2014)

Foam flotation is an effective and energy efficient method of harvesting microalgae. This study has investigated the influence of growth phase and lipid content on harvesting efficiency. The highest biomass concentration factors were gained during active culture growth. Surprisingly, the quantities of lipid recovered from microalgae harvested by foam flotation using the surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were significantly higher than from cells harvested by centrifugation. Further, cells harvested by CTAB-aided foam flotation exhibited a lipid profile more suited to biodiesel conversion containing increased levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The enhanced lipid recovery was partially explained by the interaction of the cells with the surfactant, CTAB, which adsorbed onto the algae and was carried over into the total lipid extraction process. However, further evidence also suggested that CTAB promoted in situ cell lysis by solubilising the phospholipid bilayer, thus increasing the amount of extractable lipid. This work demonstrates substantial added value of foam flotation as a microalgae harvesting method beyond energy efficient biomass recovery.
Parallel-processing a large scientific problem (1982)

We discuss a parallel-processing experiment that uses a particle-in-cell (PIC) code to study the feasibility of doing large-scale scientific calculations on multiple-processor architectures. A multithread version of this Los Alamos PIC code was successfully implemented and timed on a UNIVAC System 1100/80 computer. Use of a single copy of the instruction stream, and common memory to hold data, eliminated data transmission between processors. The multiple-processing algorithm exploits the PIC code's high degree of large, independent tasks, as well as the configuration of the UNIVAC System 1100/80. Timing results for the multithread version of the PIC code using one, two, three, and four identical processors are given and are shown to have promising speedup times when compared to the overall run times measured for a single-thread version of the PIC code.
Methods of gas-balance control to be used with a portable hyperbaric chamber in the treatment of high altitude illness (1990)

A portable fabric hyperbaric chamber (Gamow Bag TM ) has been designed for on site treatment of altitude illness. The chamber includes a manual pumping system, weighs 6.57 kg (14.5 pounds), and can be carried in a backpack. A laboratory study was undertaken to document safety, subject comfort and gas retention characteristics of the chamber. The chamber is designed to be used in one of three different modes: pump mode, bladder mode, and oxygen-scrubber mode. In the pump mode, 521 min –1 of fresh air is continuously supplied via an air pump. Using this technique, ten healthy volunteers were placed in the chamber for 90 min at pressures up to 16.0 kPa (120 mmHg) above ambient pressure. Ambient CO 2 and O 2 levels were found to be less than 1% and more than 20%, respectively. Testing the bladder mode, six subjects exhaled via a nasal mask into a latex bladder, not allowing CO 2 to accumulate in the chamber. Using this mode, the pumping rate can be decreased by a factor of ten, a great advantage when the pumper is working at altitudes above 5792 m (19000 ft). In the oxygen-scrubber mode, O 2 was continuously added via a pressure regulator. CO 2 accumulation was eliminated with a high efficiency CO 2 scrubber made of LiOH. One pound of scrubber and 150 1 of pressurized O 2 can keep an average person in an atmosphere of 21% O 2 with less than 1% CO 2 for 6 h. In this mode, all pumping, except the initial pressurization of the bag, is eliminated.
A Quantitative Analysis of Power Consumption for Location-Aware Applications on Smart Phones (2007)

The industry is producing new wireless mobile devices, such as smart phones, at an ever increasing pace. In terms of processors and memory, these devices are as powerful as the PCs were one decade ago. Therefore, they are perfectly suitable to become the first real-life platforms for ubiquitous computing. For instance, they can be programmed to run location-aware applications that provide people with real-time information relevant to their current places. Deploying such applications in our daily life, however, requires a good understanding of their power requirements in order to ensure that mobile devices can indeed support them. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of power consumption for location-aware applications in our SmartCampus project, which builds a large scale test-bed for mobile social computing. Based on this analysis, we conclude that carefully designed applications can run for up to six hours, while updating the user location frequently enough to support real-time location-aware communication.
Fistula-in-Ano (1976)

Fistulas manifesting in the perianal region but originating in the abdomen often have their true origin not recognized for extended periods. Examples of seven such complex cases are presented and discussed. Removal of the abdominal abnormality is mandatory before any cure can be effected; the perianal portion usually heals without any special local treatment.
Slow migration of a gas bubble in a thermal gradient (1981)

Abstract The steady migration velocity of a gas bubble placed in a liquid with a linear temperature field in the absence of gravity is obtained for small Marangoni Numbers using a matched asymptotic expansion procedure for solving the governing equations. A result good to 0( N ) is obtained, and in the limiting case of zero Marangoni Number, the results of Young, Goldstein and Block are recovered.
Piezoresistive cantilever based nanoflow and viscosity sensor for microchannels (2006)

Microfluidic channels are microreactors with a wide range of applications, including molecular separations based upon micro/nanoscale physicochemical properties, targeting and delivery of small amount of fluids and molecules, and patterned/directed growth. Their successful applications would require a detailed understanding of phenomena associated with the microscale flow of liquids through these channels, including velocity, viscosity and miscibility. Here we demonstrate a highly sensitive piezoresistive cantilever to measure flow properties in microfluidic channels. By milling down the legs of the piezoresistive cantilevers, we have achieved significantly higher mechanical sensitivity and a smaller spring constant, as determined by AFM. These cantilevers were used in microchannels to measure the viscosity and flow rate of ethylene glycol mixtures in water over a range of concentrations, as well as of low viscosity biologically relevant buffers with different serum levels. The sensor can be used alone or can be integrated in AFM systems for multidimensional study in micro and nanochannels.
Non-Aqueous Li-Based Redox Flow Batteries (2012)

International audience