gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of soil minerals. Part XIV. Action of some basic solutions on metakaolinite and kaolinite (1974)

Some reactions have been studied at 80 °C between aqueous alkaline media and metakaolinite with and without added silica. The bases employed were TlOH, Ba(OH)2+ TlOH, Ba(OH)2+ LiOH, and Ba(OH)2+ NaOH. A similar study was made of kaolinite with aqueous Ba(OH)2+ LiOH. Kaolinite was less reactive than metakaolinite and yielded different reaction products. Non-zeolites formed included a barium silicate hydrate, barium aluminate, and a phase similar to cymrite. Three unidentified Tl-bearing species were also formed in minor yields. Zeolites of the following kinds were grown: those of edingtonite type containing Ba2++ Tl+ or Ba2++ Li+; variants of zeolite L, containing Ba2++ Tl+, Ba2++ Li+, or Ba2++ Na+; harmotome- or phillipsite-types containing Ba2++ Li+ or Ba2++ Na+; and zeolites like gismondite with Ba2++ Na+, like gmelinite and containing Ba2++ Na+, and like yugawaralite containing Ba2++ Li+. A lithium-bearing zeolite with no natural counterpart and in which the cations were Ba2++ Li+ was also grown.Properties of a number of these phases have been examined. From the present and earlier work, it appears that an important factor in promoting growth of chabazite-, edingtonite-, and phillipsite-type zeolites and of zeolite L is the presence of a sufficient amount of at least one of the cations K+ or Ba2+. On the other hand a sodic environment favours gismondite-, gmelinite-, and faujasite-type zeolites, and Linde A.
Optical imaging of cell death in traumatic brain injury using a heat shock protein-90 alkylator (2013)

Traumatic brain injury is a major public health concern and is characterised by both apoptotic and necrotic cell death in the lesion. Anatomical imaging is usually used to assess traumatic brain injuries and there is a need for imaging modalities that provide complementary cellular information. We sought to non-invasively image cell death in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury using a near-infrared fluorescent conjugate of a synthetic heat shock protein-90 alkylator, 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl) amino) phenylarsonous acid (GSAO). GSAO labels both apoptotic and necrotic cells coincident with loss of plasma membrane integrity. The optical GSAO specifically labelled apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture and did not accumulate in healthy organs or tissues in the living mouse body. The conjugate is a very effective imager of cell death in brain lesions. The optical GSAO was detected by fluorescence intensity and GSAO bound to dying/dead cells was detected from prolongation of the fluorescence lifetime. An optimal signal-to-background ratio was achieved as early as 3 h after injection of the probe and the signal intensity positively correlated with both lesion size and probe concentration. This optical GSAO offers a convenient and robust means to non-invasively image apoptotic and necrotic cell death in brain and other lesions.
Multichannel integrated tunable dispersion compensator employing a thermooptic lens (2002)

We present a new design for an integrated-optics tunable dispersion compensator which can use low index-step waveguides, has low loss, is colorless, and requires only one electrical drive signal. We also demonstrate the first silica thermooptic continuous lens.
Chlamydiosis in a Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) (1992)

A red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) with signs of respiratory distress and diarrhea was captured in the Manchac Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana (USA) and died the following day. At necropsy, the carcass was emaciated and there were splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. Microscopically, there were fibrinous pericarditis and airsacculitis, myocardial necrosis, necrotizing hepatitis, splenic necrosis with reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia, interstitial pneumonia and focal pancreatic necrosis. Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusion bodies were noticed in macrophages in the fibrinous exudate covering air sac and pericardium, and in spleen, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. Schizonts compatible with a Sarcocystis sp.-like protozoon were present in the walls of air capillaries in the lung. A Chlamydia sp.-like organism was isolated in embryonating chicken eggs and cell culture and identified as C. psittaci with immunofluorescent staining.
POWERPCTM PERFORMANCE MONITOR EVOLUTION (1997)

The evolution of pet$ormunce monitoring (PM~ from its roots in PowerTM architecture to its current state are explored. Further discussed are many of the PM features in the PowerPC 604e, and the differences between the PMs in some PowerPC processors. To hide some of these diflerences. an Application Programming Interface (API) was developed. The authors conclude with some of their observations about issues related to the availability of the PM to end users. I. EVOLUTION In order to understand where we stand in performance monitor technology in the current PowerPC microprocessors, it is necessary to look back to their predecessors in the Powerm architecture. The Power processor set was included in workstations with the introduction of the RS/6O0Om family. In order to evaluate performance and help analyze the capabilities of the compilers, an inter-chip bus monitor card was developed. Many valuable lessons were learned with this first experience and when the P0wer2~~ processors were designed, a full scale performance monitor (PM) was integrated onto the 4-chip processor. This PM included 22 counters and became available in 1992. During the design phases of the initial set of PowerPC microprocessors in the Somerset Design Center, a more general and standard PM was defined. This was jointly developed between design teams and performance analysis experts. This micro-architecture was quickly implemented and available with the introduction of the second revision of the PowerPC 604 microprocessor in 1994 (l). This PM included two counters and most of the currently available features. Since then the PowerPC PMs have come a long way. First, the PowerPC 604e microprocessor (2) was enhanced with four counters and more than double the number of events. This introduction was followed with the availability of the PowerPC 620 microprocessor that uses the same basic micro-architecture as the PowerPC
Aeroelasticity and structural optimization of composite helicopter rotor blades with swept tips (1995)

This report describes the development of an aeroelastic analysis capability for composite helicopter rotor blades with straight and swept tips, and its application to the simulation of helicopter vibration reduction through structural optimization. A new aeroelastic model is developed in this study which is suitable for composite rotor blades with swept tips in hover and in forward flight. The hingeless blade is modeled by beam type finite elements. A single finite element is used to model the swept tip. Arbitrary cross-sectional shape, generally anisotropic material behavior, transverse shears and out-of-plane warping are included in the blade model. The nonlinear equations of motion, derived using Hamilton's principle, are based on a moderate deflection theory. Composite blade cross-sectbnal properties are calculated by a separate linear, two-dimensional cross section analysis. The aerodynamic loads are obtained from quasi-steady, incompressible aerodynamics, based on an implicit formulation. The trim and steady state blade aeroelastic response are solved in a fully coupled manner. In forward flight, where the blade equations of motion are periodic, the coupled trim-aeroelastic response solution is obtained from the harmonic balance method. Subsequently, the periodic system is linearized about the steady state response, and its stability is determined from Floquet theory.
To Study the RF Properties of Superconducting A15 Compounds. (1981)

The purpose of the work was to study the low rf-field loss of A15 superconducting compounds. This type of superconducting material has potential for application to the construction of microwave energy storage cavities whose energy can be dumped in a very short time so as to produce a very large microwave power pulse. An apparatus, using a calorimetric technique, was developed to measure the surface resistance of small-area superconducting samples deposited on sapphire substrates. Both a Nb and a Nb3Sn sample (the latter in the A15 structure) were prepared, characterized and measured. These initial measurements revealed additional losses that are most likely due to the region near the superconductor-sapphire interface. Measurements of the superconducting transition temperature were made as a function of film thickness to study the effect of the interface. The interface losses can be avoided in practice, and in our measurements they can be circumvented by employing a circularly cylindrical geometry which shields the interface region from the rf fields. In the course of developing the surface resistance apparatus, dielectric loss measurements were made on pure sapphire samples.
Obtenção e caracterização de carbono ativado a partir de resíduos provenientes de bandas de rodagem (2007)

Neste trabalho foi investigada a preparação de carbonos ativados através da pirólise de composições elastoméricas provenientes de resíduos de bandas de rodagem de pneus de automóveis. O material foi processado nas temperaturas de 500, 620 e 700 °C, em atmosfera de N2, utilizando-se o hidróxido de potássio como agente ativador. Os produtos resultantes foram caracterizados pela fisisorção de N2 a 77 K, através de isotermas de Brunauer, Emmet e Teller e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Esses carbonos ativados apresentam estruturas típicas de sólidos mesoporosos e a temperatura de pirólise tem grande influência na área específica e distribuição de volume de poros. O carbono ativado obtido a 700 °C apresentou maior área específica e estrutura porosa compacta. Esse material apresenta melhor desempenho frente à adsorção de azul de metileno, removendo até 1,0 x 10-1 g de corante por grama de carbono utilizado, em tempos inferiores a 300 s.
Effects of Pure Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide on Antifatigue in Mice (1999)

The purified fraction Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP X)were divided into 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 five different doses which were applied to mice,and study their effects on antifatigue. The results showed that all of the LBP X had a remarkable effect on building up body's adaptability to exercise load, enhancing resistance and accelerating elimination to fatigue. LBP X five doses could enhance the reserves of muscle and liver glycogen, increase the activity of LDH before and after swimming 90min and 150min, decrease the raise content of blood urea nitrogen(BUN)after strenuous exercise, accelerate the rate of BUN recovery after exercise in tired mice. Effects of LBP X 10 mg -1 ·kg -1 ·d -1 was the best among the five doses of LBP X.
Immunomagnetic capture PCR to detect viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from environmental samples (1997)

A method to detect viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was developed. Polyclonal immunoglobulin G against C. parvum oocyst and sporozoite surface antigens was purified from rabbit immune serum, biotinylated, and bound to streptoavidin-coated magnetic particles. C. parvum oocysts were captured by a specific antigen-antibody reaction and magnetic separation. The oocysts were then induced to excyst, and DNA was extracted by heating at 95 degrees C for 10 min. A 452-bp fragment of C. parvum DNA was amplified by using a pair of C. parvum-specific primers in PCR. The method detected as few as 10 oocysts in purified preparations and from 30 to 100 oocysts inoculated in fecal samples. The immunomagnetic capture PCR (IC-PCR) product was identified and characterized by a nested PCR that amplified a 210-bp fragment, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion of the IC-PCR and nested-PCR products at the StyI site and a nonradioactive hybridization using an internal oligonucleotide probe labeled with biotin. PCR specificity was also tested, by using DNAs from other organisms as templates. In the control experiments, inactivated oocysts were undetectable, indicating the ability of this method to differentiate between viable and nonviable oocysts. Thus, this system can be used to specifically detect viable C. parvum oocysts in environmental samples with great sensitivity, providing an efficient way to monitor the environment for C. parvum contamination.
Nasal Nitric Oxide: A Comparison of Measurement Techniques (1999)

Nasal nitric oxide measurement may be a surrogate marker of upper airway inflammation. There is, however, no standardized measurement technique; and this led us to examine measurement techniques for acceptability and reproducibility. In five subjects we examined the flow dependence of nasal NO. In 13 healthy volunteers, nasal NO was measured on-line by five methods: 1) Tidal nasal and oral breathing: NO sampling during exclusive nasal followed by exclusive oral tidal breathing; 2) Fixed flow exhalation: NO sampling during exclusive nasal followed by exclusive oral exhalation at 100 mL/second from total lung capacity; 3) Nasal-oral aspiration: air aspirated from the mouth via both nares at 100 mL/second with glottis closure; 4) Aspiration from one nares: air aspirated from one nares at 3.3 mL/second using nitric oxide analyzer sample line with velum closure; 5) Nasal Insufflation: NO sampled at one nares as air insufflated into the other nares at a flow of 100 mL/second with velum closure. Acceptability of all methods was assessed by subjects and technicians. Nasal NO concentration showed a significant inverse correlation with transnasal flow rate. All methods showed excellent reproducibility as assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient except tidal breathing, which showed highly variable breath-to-breath NO levels, although mean breath values were reproducible. Mean nasal NO concentrations with methods 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 32.1, 50.2, 62.8, 1381, and 60.0 ppb, respectively. Velum closure was not always achieved in methods 4 and 5, whereas methods 1 and 2 required separate nasal and oral procedures. Method 5 had reduced acceptability. NO concentrations were similar with methods that used the same airflow (2, 3, and 5). Nasal NO can be sampled in different ways with excellent reproducibility. In view of the flow dependence of nasal NO, it is vital to use a constant flow rate, and lower airway NO contribution must be excluded or subtracted. The fixed flow exhalation appears to be the preferred method as it is highly reproducible and acceptable.
Single-to-balanced BAW filter combining CRF with lattice filter (2006)

Although FBAR filters have successfully penetrated the CDMA duplexer market, they still cannot displace the SAW filters in traditional RF front-end filter applications. Most of present cell phone systems like GSM or WCDMA require the filter device to have both single- to-balanced conversion and impedance transformation functions. Current BAW filter with ladder or lattice topology cannot satisfy any of these requirements. Therefore the coupled resonator filter (CRF) has gained a lot of attention since it posses the potential to meet all the requirements of state-of-the-art wireless systems. In the past, CRF was fabricated in a SMR structure with proper selection of reflector layer materials. The reason of using the SMR structure is to suppress the redundant resonant response of the CRF. However, comparing with a membrane-type structure, the SMR has slightly lower Q and effective K 2 . In this paper, a new design structure combining CRF and lattice filter for single-to-balanced conversion applications is proposed. It can help to eliminate the need of SMR structure and thus the performance could be improved. This concept is verified by simulation and the comparison to conventional ones is discussed.
Vibration imagery of remote objects (2002)

Laser vibrometry based on coherent detection technique allows to measure vibration characteristics of objects, based on its high Doppler resolution. Point targets were measured up to 40 km under medium turbluence conditions. Specifically vibration imaging offers an extensive potential for short-range civil applications and for long-range target classification and identification. For short range applications (up to few meters distance) laser vibrometry is used for investigating and testing of all kind of mechanical structures with respect to their vibration characteristics. Laser-Doppler based acoustic-to-seismic detection of buried mines shows a potential of this attractive technique at short range, mostly based on λ = 632 nm (HeNe laser). At longer ranges, the wavelengths of λ = 10.6 μm (CO2 laser) and λ = 1.5 μm (erbium fiber laser) are of interest, because of laser safety and better beam propagation through the atmosphere. Examples of the vibrometry technique with and without spatial resolution capability are shown here.
Small-Fiber Neuropathy Is Associated With Corneal Nerve and Dendritic Cell Alterations (2015)

CCM provides parameters that reliably indicate injury to sensory afferents of the trigeminal nerve in patients with SFN. Our data suggest that CCM may serve both as a noninvasive diagnostic test and as a surrogate marker in SFN.
Single doses of the serotonin agonists buspirone and m -chlorophenylpiperazine do not relieve neuropathic pain (1989)

A large body of evidence links serotonin with analgesia in animal models, but the lack of serotonin agonists suitable for clinical use has delayed study of serotonin's relevance to pain relief in humans. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, we compared single doses of two 5-HT1 agonists, buspirone and m-chlorophenylpiperazine, to placebo in 20 patients with post-herpetic neuralgia or painful neuropathy. No analgesia was observed after either drug, at doses high enough to produce frequent central nervous system side effects. These results suggest that acute stimulation of 5-HT1 receptors is not sufficient to produce analgesia in patients with these neuropathic pain syndromes.
Potential Environmental Impact of a Hydrogen Economy on the Stratosphere (2003)

The widespread use of hydrogen fuel cells could have hitherto unknown environmental impacts due to unintended emissions of molecular hydrogen, including an increase in the abundance of water vapor in the stratosphere (plausibly by as much as approximately 1 part per million by volume). This would cause stratospheric cooling, enhancement of the heterogeneous chemistry that destroys ozone, an increase in noctilucent clouds, and changes in tropospheric chemistry and atmosphere-biosphere interactions.
Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are ultrathin nanomaterials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D nanomaterials is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D nanomaterials have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon-based 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state-of-the-art biomedical applications of 2D nanomaterials as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D nanomaterials for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D nanomaterials.
Treating type 1 diabetes: from strategies for insulin delivery to dual hormonal control. (2013)

Type 1 diabetes is a disorder where slow destruction of pancreatic β-cells occurs through autoimmune mechanisms. The result is a progressive and ultimately complete lack of endogenous insulin. Due to β-cell lack, secondary abnormalities in glucagon and likely in incretins occur. These multiple hormonal abnormalities cause metabolic instability and extreme glycemic variability, which is the primary phenotype. As the disease progresses patients often develop hypoglycemia unawareness and defects in their counterregulatory defenses. Intensive insulin therapy may thus lead to 3-fold excess of severe hypoglycemia and severely hinder the effective and safe control of hyperglycemia. The main goal of the therapy for type 1 diabetes has long been physiological mimicry of normal insulin secretion based on monitoring which requires considerable effort and understanding of the underlying physiology. Attainment of this goal is challenged by the nature of the disease and our current lack of means to fully repair the abnormal endocrine pancreas interactive functions. As a result, various insulin preparations have been developed to partially compensate for the inability to deliver timely exogenous insulin directly to the portal/intrapancreatic circulation. It remains an ongoing task to identify the ideal routes and regimens of their delivery and potentially that of other hormones to restore the deficient and disordered hormonal environment of the pancreas to achieve a near normal metabolic state. Several recent technological advances help addressing these goals, including the rapid progress in insulin pumps, continuous glucose sensors, and ultimately the artificial pancreas closed-loop technology and the recent start of dual-hormone therapies.
Enabling Health Monitoring Approach Based on Vibration Data for Accurate Prognostics (2014)

The performance of data-driven prognostics approaches is closely dependent on the form and trend of extracted features. Indeed, features that clearly reflect the machine degradation should lead to accurate prognostics, which is the global objective of this paper. This paper contributes a new approach for feature extraction/selection: The extraction is based on trigonometric functions and cumulative transformation, and the selection is performed by evaluating feature fitness using monotonicity and trendability characteristics. The proposition is applied to the time-frequency analysis of nonstationary signals using a discrete wavelet transform. The main idea is to map raw vibration data into monotonic features with early trends, which can be easily predicted. To show that, selected features are used to build a model with a data-driven approach, namely, the summation wavelet-extreme learning machine, that enables good balance between model accuracy and complexity. For validation and generalization purposes, the vibration data from two real applications of prognostics and health management challenges are used: (1) cutting tools from a computer numerical control machine (2010); and (2) bearings from the platform PRONOSTIA (2012). The performance of the proposed approach is thoroughly compared with the classical approach by performing feature fitness analysis, cutting-tool wear “estimation”, and bearings' “long-term prediction” tasks, which validates the proposition.