gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Governing the Filtration Process of Contractors to Insolvent Point inConstruction Projects with Nmorcha (Threshold) Operator (2017)

There are recurrent literatures to show that contractors in the construction industry are going insolvent. As a crippling process, there are early signs leading to contractor’s insolvency. Conflicting literatures have documented causes of insolvency in construction project in an irregular calibration. This paper argues theoretically that those causes can be stabilized calibrated with a view to establishing a threshold point or the limiting point beyond which a contractor becomes insolvent. A conceptual theory was built on spherical harmonic polynomial for which a sector of the sphere representing an entire economic sphere was taken to represent the construction industry sector. The sectors’ investigation precipitated five (5) main causes of insolvency from five (5) significant unethical practices. These variables were subjected to an orthogonal 5 × 5 square matrix to derive a pseudodifferential operator matrix with Fredholm properties narrated in Athanasiadis et al. and Claeys’ boundary integral problems. The derived determinant was used to operate as Nmorcha operator (∇N) on the population variable that assumed a chaotic attribute under a normal distribution curve at the critical stressed boundary plane. The Nmorcha operator(∇N) as a determinant operand at the boundary point of the critical region fittered variables to the skew of accepted and reject domains. The filtration operation at the boundary point presented a value of e2i4 representing falsification of projects financial status (e2) arising from poor project cost control (i4). Beyond this point in the array of causes in the calibrated insolvency scale, the contractor becomes insolvent.
Definition of Terms
Nmorcha operator (∇N): A theoretical operator derived from the characteristics property of a sectorial polynomial (m=n) matrix of spherical harmonic function that operates filtration on functions with indeterminate or chaotic state! 
Threshold operation: An operation performed on operand to obtain the value of a threshold function.
Threshold gate: A logic plane where a threshold operation is performed.
Threshold operator: A logic element that performs a threshold operation.
Threshold: The starting point for a new state or experience.
Boundary operator: a certain element that permits transition by gradient profiling at boundary plane of a space to either divides of a domain.
Determinant: The characteristic value of a group of variables that ascribes peculiarity and representative attribute to the variables.
Adiabatic radio-frequency potentials for the coherent manipulation of matter waves (2006)

Adiabatic dressed state potentials are created when magnetic substates of trapped atoms are coupled by a radio-frequency field. We discuss their theoretical foundations and point out fundamental advantages over potentials purely based on static fields. The enhanced flexibility enables one to implement numerous configurations, including double wells, Mach-Zehnder, and Sagnac interferometers which even allows for internal state-dependent atom manipulation. These can be realized using simple and highly integrated wire geometries on atom chips.
Pericellulars substrates of human mast cell tryptase: 72,000 Dalton gelatinase and fibronectin (1992)

Migrating cells degrade pericellular matrices and basement membranes. For these purposes cells produce a number of proteolytic enzymes. Mast cells produce two major proteinases, chymase and tryptase, whose physiological functions are poorly known. In the present study we have analyzed the ability of purified human mast cell tryptase to digest pericellular matrices of human fibroblasts. Isolated matrices of human fibroblasts and fibroblast conditioned medium were treated with tryptase, and alterations in the radiolabeled polypeptides were observed in autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels. It was found that an M(r) 72,000 protein was digested to an M(r) 62,000 form by human mast cell tryptase while the plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1, was not affected. Cleavage of the M(r) 72,000 protein could be partially inhibited by known inhibitors of tryptase but not by aprotinin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or EDTA. Fibroblastic cells secreted the M(r) 72,000 protein into their medium and it bound to gelatin as shown by analysis of the medium by affinity chromatography over gelatin-Sepharose. The soluble form of the M(r) 72,000 protein was also susceptible to cleavage by tryptase. Analysis using gelatin containing polyacrylamide gels showed that both the intact M(r) 72,000 and the M(r) 62,000 degraded form of the protein possess gelatinolytic activity after activation by sodium dodecyl sulphate. Immunoblotting analysis of the matrices revealed the cleavage of an immunoreactive protein of M(r) 72,000 indicating that the protein is related to type IV collagenase. Further analysis of the pericellular matrices indicated that the protease sensitive extracellular matrix protein fibronectin was removed from the matrix by tryptase in a dose-dependent manner. Fibronectin was also susceptible to proteolytic degradation by tryptase. The data suggest a role for mast cell tryptase in the degradation of pericellular matrices.
Relatedness of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Isolates of Various Serotypes and Clinical Backgrounds as Evaluated by Macrorestriction Analysis and Expression of Potential Virulence Traits (2001)

We evaluated the genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates of different serotypes by macrorestriction analysis and elucidated possible relationships between the genetic background, expression of potential virulence traits, and source of isolation. Virulence traits included expression of serotype-specific polysaccharides, muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular protein factor (EF), hemolysin activity, and adherence to epithelial cells. Macrorestriction analysis of streptococcal DNA digested with restriction enzymes SmaI and ApaI allowed differentiation of single isolates that could be assigned to four major clusters, named A1, A2, B1, and B2. Comparison of the genotypic and phenotypic features of the isolates with their source of isolation showed that (i) the S. suis population examined, which originated mainly from German pigs, exhibited a genetic diversity and phenotypic patterns comparable to those found for isolates from other European countries; (ii) certain phenotypic features, such as the presence of capsular antigens of serotypes 2, 1, and 9, expression of MRP and EF, and hemolysin activity (and in particular, combinations of these features), were strongly associated with the clinical background of meningitis and septicemia; and (iii) isolates from pigs with meningitis and septicemia showed a significantly higher degree of genetic homogeneity compared to that for isolates from pigs with pneumonia and healthy pigs. Since the former isolates are considered highly virulent, this supports the theory of a clonal relationship among highly virulent strains.
Consumer Responses to Advertising: The Effects of Ad Content, Emotions, and Attitude toward the Ad on Viewing Time (1991)

This study develops and tests a hierarchical model of advertising effects on viewing time. The ads studied represent a sample of commercials aired during prime-time broadcasts, and the effects are analyzed across the ads rather than across people. Primary emphasis is placed on the attempt to explain a simulated behavioral measure of attention to television commercials--that of channel switching (zapping) and fast-forwarding through ads on prerecorded programs (zipping). In addition, the study demonstrates a chain of effects from the content of television ads, through emotional reactions and attitude toward the ad, to actual viewing behaviors. Copyright 1991 by the University of Chicago.
Exact Design of TEM Microwave Networks Using Quarter-Wave Lines (1964)

Modem network theory procedures, based on Ozaki-Ishii synthesis techniques, are reviewed for application in the design of TEM mode microwave networks using parallel coupled bars and/or series and shunt stubs. The circuit equivalences and identities obtained are theoretically valid over the entire frequency spectrum and lead to several physical configurations having identical response functions. These equivalent circuits often allow simplification of the physicrd circuitry and realization of both broad and narrow bandwidths. The problem of practical circuit configurations is discussed from the viewpoint of bandwidth and circuit element values. Neglecting multiple responses, TEM low-pass, high-pass and band-pass butterworth filters are shown to offer steeper bandedge characteristics than those of corresponding lumped element filters. The use of complementary filters to match a source and load over a wide frequency range is outlined and TEM realizations of these complements are obtained. A simple procedure for obtaining element values of butterworth complements is described. An analysis of parallel coupled filters is made and a simplified equivalent circuit is obtained. An exact synthesis procedure for parallel coupled bar filters and their equivalent forms is given. Construction details and experimental results are described for two filters which use series stubs.
Blood and Dried Blood Spot Telomere Length Measurement by qPCR: Assay Considerations (2013)

Measurement of telomere length is crucial for the study of telomere maintenance and its role in molecular pathophysiology of diseases and in aging. Several methods are used to measure telomere length, the choice of which usually depends on the type and size of sample to be assayed, as well as cost and throughput considerations. The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that may influence the reliability of qPCR-based relative telomere length measurements in whole blood. Day to day intra-individual variability, types of blood anticoagulant, sample storage conditions, processing and site of blood draw were investigated. Two qPCR-based methods to measure telomere length (monoplex vs. multiplex) were also investigated and showed a strong correlation between them. Freezing and thawing of the blood and storage of the blood at 4°C for up to 4 days did not affect telomere length values. Telomere lengths in dried blood spots were significantly higher than both whole blood and peripheral mononuclear blood cells, and were highly correlated with both. We found that telomere length measurements were significantly higher in dried blood spots collected directly from fingertip prick compared to dried blood spots prepared with anticoagulated whole blood collected from the finger, and non-blotted whole blood taken from both finger and arm venipuncture. This suggests that DNA from cells blotted on paper is not equivalent to that collected from venipuncture whole blood, and caution should be taken when comparing between blood sample types.
Comparison of the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 bacteriophage by MIOX, ClorTec and hypochlorite (2007)

Laboratory-scale investigation proved that gaseous chlorine could be replaced by either ClorTec or MIOX systems for the drinking water treatment utilities, which still could maintain the same disinfection efficiency.
Secretion of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-2 by intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells: implications for autocrine growth regulation (1992)

To identify the factors regulating the proliferation of intestinal epithelium, we examined the effects of various growth factors on [3H] thymidine incorporation into the DNA of IEC-6 cells, an intestinal epithelial cell line derived from rat jejunal crypts. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, and insulin stimulated the DNA and protein synthesis of IEC-6 cells in serum-free medium supplemented with transferrin, dexamethasone, and BSA (basal medium). Concentration-response experiments demonstrated that IGF-I is approximately 10 times more potent than IGF-II or insulin in producing 2- to 3-fold stimulations of DNA and protein synthesis by IEC-6 cells. In addition, IEC-6 cells proliferated slowly in the basal medium without any added growth factors. Analysis of medium conditioned by IEC-6 cells by gel filtration chromatography, RIA, HPLC, and N-terminal sequencing revealed that IEC-6 cells synthesize and secrete mature, 7,500 mo wt (M(r)) IGF-II as well as high M(r) forms of IGF-II. In addition, ligand blot, immunoblot, and N-terminal sequence analyses showed that IEC-6 cells produce the 34,000 M(r) IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2). To determine if IGFBP-2 modulates IGF responses in IEC-6 cells, the IGF-I analogs, Des-(1-3)-IGF-I and [Gln3,Ala4,Tyr15,Leu16]IGF-I, both of which have a reduced affinity for IGFBPs, were tested for their effects on IEC-6 cell proliferation. Both analogs exhibited 10-fold greater potency than IGF-I, presumably because endogenously secreted IGFBPs depress IGF-I binding to cell surface receptors. Finally, purified IGFBP-2 attenuated the DNA synthesis of IEC-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that IGFBP-2 secreted by intestinal epithelial cells is capable of limiting the mitogenic activity of both exogenous and endogenous IGFs by blocking the association of the growth factors with cell surface binding sites. These results further suggest that the growth of IEC-6 cells is modulated by autocrine mechanisms involving IGF-II and IGFBP-2.
Simulation of Hurricane Risk in the U.S. Using Empirical Track Model (2000)

This paper describes a new technique for modeling hurricane risk in the United States. A storm track modeling approach is employed where, for each hurricane, the entire track as it crosses the ocean and makes landfall is modeled. The central pressure is modeled as a function of the sea surface temperature. The approach is validated through comparisons of simulated and observed key hurricane statistics (central pressure, translation speed, heading, and approach distance) along the U.S. coastline. The simulated and observed landfall rates of intense hurricanes (Saffir-Simpson Scale 3 and higher) also are compared on a regional basis along the coast. The model is able to reproduce the continuously varying hurricane climatology along the U.S. coastline, and it provides a rational means for examining the hurricane risk for geographically distributed systems such as transmission lines and insurance portfolios.
Diagnosis of Acute Typhus Infection Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1990)

The first use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of an acute rickettsial infection is described. A primer pair derived from the 17-kDa antigen sequence of Rickettsia rickettsii gave specific amplification of a 434-base pair DNA fragment from the genome of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and endemic and epidemic typhus. The assay could detect as few as 30 rickettsiae. Detection of PCR-amplified DNA with a nonradioactive DNA probe confirmed an acute infection with Rickettsia prowazekii.
A simple approximation to the P-wave reflection coefficient and its implication in the inversion of amplitude variation with offset data (1993)

Abstract I derive an approximate formula for the plane P-wave reflection coefficient as a function of ray-parameter. The approximation shows that the behavior of the P-wave reflection coefficient at nonnormal angles of incidence is mainly controlled by two parameters: (1) R f , the fluid-fluid reflection coefficient (i.e., the reflection coefficient when the S-wave velocities in both media are set to zero) and (2) delta mu /rho , the ratio of the contrast in shear moduli to the average bulk density. I also show that the other formulas for the P-wave reflection coefficient given by R. Bortfeld and R. Shuey can be approximately derived from my formula. I give numerical examples to demonstrate the accuracy of the formula. Using a least-squares inversion of theoretical values for the reflection coefficients, I demonstrate that, in a linear inversion of amplitude versus offset data, delta mu /rho is better estimated than the contrast in Poisson's ratio, delta sigma . Finally, comparing the exact reflection coefficient with Shuey's approximation for typical shale and Class 1 gas-sand models, I show that Shuey's approximation under-estimates the value of delta sigma for such reflections.
Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) (2017)

Retroviruses can create endogenous forms on infiltration into the germline cells of their hosts. These forms are then vertically transmitted and can be considered as genetic fossils of ancient viruses. All retrovirus genera, with the exception of deltaretroviruses, have had their representation identified in the host genome as a virus fossil record. Here we describe an endogenous Deltaretrovirus, identified in the germline of long-fingered bats (Miniopteridae). A single, heavily deleted copy of this retrovirus has been found in the genome of miniopterid species, but not in the genomes of the phylogenetically closest bat families, Vespertilionidae and Cistugonidae. Therefore, the endogenization occurred in a time interval between 20 and 45 million years ago. This discovery closes the last major gap in the retroviral fossil record and provides important insights into the history of deltaretroviruses in mammals.
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION AND ASSESSMENT OF GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE TO SMALL GRAIN CROPS IN SASKATCHEWAN (1980)

Abstract Aerial colour infra-red photographs were used to detect grasshopper damage to cereal grains, determine extent of damage, estimate crop yield, and identify crops. The detection and identification of grasshopper damage was facilitated by the development of a dichotomous key which differentiates grasshopper damage from other crop anomalies. Crop types and yield were determined from correlations between the optical density of the photographs and the biomass of standing crops. Cost of an aerial survey was estimated at $0.02 per hectare as compared with ground survey cost of $0.20 per hectare. Information provided by an aerial survey of damage has the potential to assist grain growers, extension personnel, and researchers in evaluating the influence of grasshoppers on grain production
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

In the time-to-event analysis, the rate of the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower with liraglutide than with placebo. (Funded by Novo Nordisk and the National Institutes of Health; LEADER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01179048.).
Total Synthesis of the 2,6-Sialylated Immunoglobulin G Glycopeptide Fragment in Homogeneous Form (2009)

The 2,6-sialylated tridecasaccharide 1 associated with the Fc fragment of intravenous immunoglobulin has been synthesized.
Photo detachment of electrons from negative ions in a 200-keV neutral deuterium-beam source (1975)

Photodetachment of electrons from negative ions is analyzed, showing how laser technology can enhance high energy neutral beam production. In particular, the performance of a 200-keV neutral beam source is analyzed using commercially available gallium-arsenide solid state lasers. The prospects for the development of an efficient system are good. (auth)
Fighting Spam by Encapsulating Policy in Email Addresses. (2003)

Everyday network interactions require users to give out their email address, yet no guarantees can be made about how this address will be used. Sometimes the address is given to a human (e.g., on a business card), but many times it is entered in a web form as part of a web transaction. Unfortunately, that email address frequently finds itself in spammers&apos; lists, never to be removed again. We propose the concept of the Single-Purpose Address (SPA); SPAs are generated by a program, and then cut-andpasted into the web page (or other application) requesting an email address. In its more general form an SPA encodes a security policy that describes the acceptable use of the address; since senders cannot be trusted to abide by it, this policy is enforced by the receiver, who generated the policy in the first place. SPAs are cryptographically protected to shield them from tampering. Since SPAs are not meant to be typed by humans, but rather processed by computer only, they do not have to be short, memorable, or even pronounceable. We present ways to construct such addresses, and we show the implementation of an optimized case.
Inhibin B Levels in Plasma of the Male Rat from Birth to Adulthood: Effect of Experimental Manipulation of Sertoli Cell Number (1999)

Sertoli cells undergo important changes in their number and function at different ages in the rat and may be the primary source of circulating inhibin B. The aims of this study were 1) to establish the profile of inhibin B levels from birth to adulthood in normal rats and 2) to identify whether experimental manipulation of Sertoli cell numbers was able to alter this profile. Levels of inhibin B, measured by a specific two-site assay, increased fivefold in normal Wistar rats between day 3 and days 10-15, plateaued, and then declined in late puberty to reach adult levels which were approximately 60% of those observed on days 10-15. The increase in inhibin B levels in the neonatal period coincided with the period of Sertoli cell multiplication as indicated by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. Neonatal treatment of rats with a GnRH antagonist (GnRHa) reduced Sertoli cell number and adult testis weight by 48% and significantly reduced plasma levels of inhibin B at all ages through to adulthood. Induction of neonatal hypothyroidism in Sprague-Dawley rats by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) up to day 25 of age increased final testis weight by 41% (indicative of increased Sertoli cell numbers) and resulted in elevation of plasma levels of inhibin B at all ages beyond 7 days of age. The degree of change in inhibin B levels in adult rats in the two experimental treatment groups was approximately proportional to the change in final testis weight. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) showed changes opposite to inhibin B, with levels being lowered in PTU-treated rats and elevated (beyond day 25) in GnRHa-treated animals. The present results suggest that final Sertoli cell number per testis exerts an important effect on the circulating level of inhibin B (and FSH) in the rat. These findings are compared to the emerging data for the human male.
Senegal (1964)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Production of propylene glycol fatty acid monoesters by lipase‐catalyzed reactions in organic solvents (1994)

Abstract Fatty acid monoesters of propylene glycol (1,2‐propanediol) are good water‐in‐oil emulsifiers. These esters were synthesized enzymatically to overcome the problems associated with chemical processes. A Pseudomonas lipase was added to reaction mixtures containing propylene glycol and various acyl donors (fatty acids, fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty acid anhydrides and triglycerides) in organic solvents, and the mixtures were shaken at 30°C. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of monoesters was affected by the acyl donors, organic solvents, temperature, water content, pH memory and reaction time. The anhydrous (lyophilized) enzyme and fatty acid anhydrides were best for monoester production. The optimum pH ranges were 4–5 and 8–10. The yields of propylene glycol monolaurate, monomyristate, monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM fatty acid anhydrides as acyl donors were 97.2, 79.6, 83.7, 89.7 and 93.4 mM, respectively; those with 50 mM fatty acids as acyl donors were 37.3, 28.7, 28.7, 35.3 and 36.2 mM, respectively. The yields of propylene glycol monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM triglycerides as acyl donors were 87.4, 65.1 and 83.2 mM, respectively.