gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the third-order optical nonlinearities in Zn<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ag<sub><i>x</i></sub>Se crystals (2000)

The two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient (β) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ⟨3⟩) of Zn1-xAgxSe (x = 0.08,0.10,0.20) crystals were investigated using the transmission and degenerate four-wave mixing methods. The experimental results show that the real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ⟨3⟩) decrease with an increase of Ag content.
Peptide epitope mapping in vaccine development: Introduction (1997)

Protection from infectious disease by the host immune response requires specific molecular recognition of unique antigenic determinants of a given pathogen. An epitope is an antigenic determinant which: 1) specifically stimulates the immune response (either B or T cell mediated); and 2) is acted upon by the products of these protective mechanisms. In B cell immunity, antibodies produced from stimulation by specific epitopes recognize and bind to these same antigenic structures. Identification of protective epitopes is extremely valuable to successful vaccine development. In order to be protective these antibodies must, in addition to recognition and binding, interfere with some vital step in pathogenesis such as adherence or toxin action. Protein B cell epitopes are frequently composed of the side chains (R-groups) of the amino acids found at solvent-exposed surfaces. These epitopes are classified as continuous (also linear or sequential) if composed of a single antibody-recognizing element located at a single locus of the primary structure. They are discontinuous (or assembled) if more than one physically separated entity is involved. T cell epitopes are peptides on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells) that are bound to major histocompatibility proteins; the T cell recognizes this peptide-MHC complex.
Trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, as a deprotecting reagent in peptide chemistry (1974)

H. Yajima, N. Fujii, H. Ogawa and H. Kawatani, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 107 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000107
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR (1977)

ABSTRACT For several years Baird-Atomic has been involved in the design, construction and testing of a breadboard oil-in-water content monitor for use with bilge and ballast wastewater. This work has been supported by the Coast Guard, the Navy, and Baird-Atomic. The basis of the monitor is the luminescence (fluorescence) of the aromatics present in all petroleum oils. The advantages of this approach include high sensitivity, real time output, fast response time, insensitivity to many interferences, and reduced sensitivity to particulates. The chief problem is the unequal luminescence response of oils. The general approach involves simultaneous excitation and monitoring at a number of wavelengths, selected to give a net response almost independent of oil type. A first approach involved a novel optical scheme involving two polychromators. The first provided excitation at different wave-lengths along a flowing sample. The second, operated in reverse, summed selected emission from different portions of the sample. This approach, called “synchronous scan,” while successful, was supplanted by a more general approach which utilized the total luminescence of the sample: i.e., all possible emissions resulting from all possible excitation. In this case, the second polychromator was used to disperse emission from the sample at right angles to the excitation dispersion. The total luminescence was then imaged at the exit plane of the second monochromator where a computer-designed mask selected those spectral regions equalizing response of various oil types. Results of tests are discussed, together with progress on a shipboard prototype.
Synergistic Inhibition of β2-adrenergic Receptor–mediated Alveolar Epithelial Fluid Transport by Interleukin-8 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (2015)

TGF-β1 and IL-8 have a synergistic inhibitory effect on β2AR-mediated stimulation of pulmonary edema removal by the alveolar epithelium. This result may, in part, explain why a large proportion of the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome have impaired AFC.
Exposing DeepFake Videos By Detecting Face Warping Artifacts (2018)

In this work, we describe a new deep learning based method that can effectively distinguish AI-generated fake videos (referred to as {\em DeepFake} videos hereafter) from real videos. Our method is based on the observations that current DeepFake algorithm can only generate images of limited resolutions, which need to be further warped to match the original faces in the source video. Such transforms leave distinctive artifacts in the resulting DeepFake videos, and we show that they can be effectively captured by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Compared to previous methods which use a large amount of real and DeepFake generated images to train CNN classifier, our method does not need DeepFake generated images as negative training examples since we target the artifacts in affine face warping as the distinctive feature to distinguish real and fake images. The advantages of our method are two-fold: (1) Such artifacts can be simulated directly using simple image processing operations on a image to make it as negative example. Since training a DeepFake model to generate negative examples is time-consuming and resource-demanding, our method saves a plenty of time and resources in training data collection; (2) Since such artifacts are general existed in DeepFake videos from different sources, our method is more robust compared to others. Our method is evaluated on two sets of DeepFake video datasets for its effectiveness in practice.
Systemic augmentation of αB-crystallin provides therapeutic benefit twelve hours post-stroke onset via immune modulation (2011)

Tissue plasminogen activator is the only treatment option for stroke victims; however, it has to be administered within 4.5 h after symptom onset, making its use very limited. This report describes a unique target for effective treatment of stroke, even 12 h after onset, by the administration of αB-crystallin (Cryab), an endogenous immunomodulatory neuroprotectant. In Cryab(-/-) mice, there was increased lesion size and diminished neurologic function after stroke compared with wild-type mice. Increased plasma Cryab was detected after experimental stroke in mice and after stroke in human patients. Administration of Cryab even 12 h after experimental stroke reduced both stroke volume and inflammatory cytokines associated with stroke pathology. Cryab is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectant molecule produced after stroke, whose beneficial properties can be augmented when administered therapeutically after stroke.
Convex half-quadratic criteria and interacting auxiliary variables for image restoration (2001)

This paper deals with convex half-quadratic criteria and associated minimization algorithms for the purpose of image restoration. It brings a number of original elements within a unified mathematical presentation based on convex duality. Firstly, the Geman and Yang's and Geman and Reynolds's constructions are revisited, with a view to establishing the convexity properties of the resulting half-quadratic augmented criteria, when the original nonquadratic criterion is already convex. Secondly, a family of convex Gibbsian energies that incorporate interacting auxiliary variables is revealed as a potentially fruitful extension of the Geman and Reynolds's construction.
Functional Group Transformations and Stereochemistry of Silicon-functionalized 7-Silabenzonorbornadienes (2005)

Abstract Functional group transformations of 7-silabenzonorbornadiene derivatives have been investigated. The 7-mesityl-7-silanorbornadiene 1 was prepared and converted into the 7-chloro derivative 5. Reductive lithiation of 5 with lithium naphthalenide afforded the silyllithium 6, which reacted with Me3SiCl and MeI. The reactions of 5 with n-BuLi and PhNHLi gave the 7-butyl derivative 9 and the 7-amino derivative 10, respectively. Each stereochemistry during these transformations was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Adoptive T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies (2009)

The success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for B-cell malignancies is evidence that these tumors can be eliminated by T lymphocytes. This has encouraged the development of specific adoptive T-cell therapy, both for augmenting the anti-tumor effect of HCT and for patients not undergoing HCT. T cells that are capable of recognizing antigens expressed on malignant B cells may be recruited from the endogenous repertoire or engineered to express tumor-targeting receptors. Critical insights into the qualities of T cells that enable their persistence and function in vivo have been derived, and obstacles to effective T-cell-mediated tumor eradication are being elucidated. These advances provide the tools to translate adoptive T-cell transfer into reliable clinical therapies.
Elimination of light-induced effect in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1988)

Light-induced metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be eliminated by atomic hydrogen at the temperature below which the annealing effect occurs. The resulting material has a very high photosensitivity and stability.
Development of a differential optical-fiber displacement sensor (1999)

A novel optical-fiber displacement sensor is proposed and demonstrated. It consists of a laser diode light source, an optical-fiber probe, and two photodetectors. The bundling of the probe is sectioned into three parts: a centrally positioned fiber in the bundle for illumination, the first-neighbor fibers for receiving (part I), and the remaining fibers for receiving (part II). The ratio of the difference to the sum of the output signals from the part I and the part II receiving fibers can eliminate the variation in the sensitivity of the sensor to reflectivity of the target. The performance of the sensor is geometrically analyzed. The working distance is determined by the distance from the centered illuminating fiber to the boundary between the part I and the part II receiving fibers. The experimental measurements made with three different reflectivity targets confirm that the sensor performance is independent of the three reflectivities, as predicted by the analysis.
The design and implementation of a table driven compiler system (1967)

The broader application of digital computers to various areas of studies has prompted the design and usage of special purpose problem-oriented programming languages. Although designing and writing a compiler for a special purpose language is no more a mysterious task as it was ten years ago, it is still, in most cases, a very tedious task that might take a large number of man-months to perform. The purpose of designing a generalized table-driven compiler system is to allow a user to write his own compiler for his special language at a reduction of the time currently required in the implementation of a compiler for a new source language. It should be pointed out that not only can a user design a compiler of his own but he can also make modifications, large or slight, to an existing compiler developed with the system. This, therefore, also provides an ideal simulation environment in connection with the implementation of new ideas in translation process. This particular line of development in translation systems naturally lends itself to the increasing use of digital computers in a time-sharing environment.
Molecular structure of porous Si (1995)

Nanocrystalline Si particles of 10 nm size, doped with traces (1 at. %) of Sn, are prepared by mechanical attrition in an inert ambient. After stain-etching, the particles photoluminesce at room temperature. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman scattering, photoluminesce, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements performed as a function of stain-etching time reveal systematic changes, and suggest that the molecular structure of porous Si consists of nanocrystalline Si particles with surfaces passivated by H and/or O atoms.
Effects of Liver Hydrolysate on the Blood Glucose in Metabolic Syndrome Model Rats (SHR/NDmcr-cp) (2012)

Insulin resistance associated with visceral fat obesity has been suggested to be the pathological basis of metabolic syndrome. Many studies have demonstrated increased oxidant stress in diabetic patients and animal models of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the effect of liver hydrolysate administration on the blood glucose was examined in SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp) rats that show spontaneously occurring metabolic syndrome-like abnormalities. The SHR-cp rats were fed diets containing 5% liver hydrolysate for 12 weeks, and the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were determined every 3 weeks. After administration of the liver hydrolysate-containing feed for 12 weeks, an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted and the plasma angiotensin II (AngII) concentrations were determined. The liver hydrolysate administration had no effect on the blood insulin levels in the oral glucose tolerance test, but significantly inhibited the d-glucose-induced increases of the blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the liver hydrolysate had almost no effect on the fasting blood glucose level, but tended to inhibit the increase of HbA1c. The plasma AngII concentration after the 12-week administration of liver hydrolysate remained significantly lower than that in the control group. These results indicate that a component of liver hydrolysate inhibits d-glucose-induced increase of the blood glucose level, and may improve insulin resistance. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibiting effect and antioxidant effect of liver hydrolysate may be involved in this effect.
Passive Scanning in Modbus Networks (2007)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a passive scanner for Modbus networks. The tool integrates packet parsing and passive scanning functionality to interpret Modbus transactions and provide accurate network representations. In particular, the scanner monitors Modbus messages to maintain and update state table entries associated with field devices. Entries in the state tables record important information including function codes, transaction state, memory access and memory contents. The performance and reporting capabilities of the passive scanner make it an attractive network troubleshooting and security tool for process control environments.Keywords: Process control systems, Modbus protocol, passive network scanning
Post‐embryonic expression of <i>C. elegans</i> microRNAs belonging to the <i>lin‐4</i> and <i>let‐7</i> families in the hypodermis and the reproductive system (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules that negatively control gene expression by binding to complementary sequences on target mRNAs. The most thoroughly characterized miRNAs, lin-4 and let-7, direct cell fate determination during the larval transitions in C. elegans and act as key regulators of temporal gene expression. lin-4 and let-7 are founding members of two distinct families of miRNA genes sharing strong sequence homology primarily in the 5' end of the mature miRNAs. In this report, we characterize the temporal and spatial expression patterns of lin-4 and let-7 family members using northern blot analysis and mir::gfp fusion studies. Our results show that lin-4 and let-7 homologues possess distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns during nematode development and that known heterochronic genes regulate their expression. We find that certain lin-4 and let-7 family members display overlapping expression patterns in the hypodermis and the reproductive system, suggesting that combinations of miRNAs from across families may control common developmental events.
Active electronic license plate-an intelligent identification technology (2003)

The essential structure and principle of AELP (an active electronic license plate) invented recently is introduced. The technology provides a way of swift detection of any illegal change of the license plate of any vehicle-in motion or in parking. It can automatically provide on a screen such information about a detected vehicle as its registered license number, model, color, etc. Use of AELP will be an efficient means of high technology to guarantee good management of vehicle, traffic as well as public security.
Arylsulfonamide KCN1 Inhibits <i>In Vivo</i> Glioma Growth and Interferes with HIF Signaling by Disrupting HIF-1α Interaction with Cofactors p300/CBP (2012)

Our results suggest that the new HIF pathway inhibitor KCN1 has antitumor activity in mouse models, supporting its further translation for the treatment of human tumors displaying hypoxia or HIF overexpression.
The K domain mediates heterodimerization of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> floral organ identity proteins, APETALA3 and PISTILLATA (2003)

MADS genes in plants encode key developmental regulators of vegetative and reproductive development. The majority of well-characterized plant MADS proteins contain two conserved domains, the DNA-binding MADS domain and the K domain. The K domain is predicted to form three amphipathic alpha-helices referred to as K1, K2, and K3. In this report, we define amino acids and subdomains important for heterodimerization between the two Arabidopsis floral organ identity MADS proteins APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI). Analysis of mutants defective in dimerization demonstrates that K1, K2 and the region between K1 and K2 are critical for the strength of AP3/PI dimerization. The majority of the critical amino acids are hydrophobic indicating that the K domain mediates AP3/PI interaction primarily through hydrophobic interactions. Specially, K1 of AP3 and PI resembles a leucine zipper motif. Most mutants defective in AP3/PI heterodimerization in yeast exhibit partial floral organ identity function in transgenic Arabidopsis. Our results also indicate that the motif containing Asn-98 and specific charged residues in K1 (Glu-97 in PI and Arg-102 in AP3) are important for both the strength and specificity of AP3/PI heterodimer formation.
Single and dual energy attenuation correction in PET/CT in the presence of iodine based contrast agents (2008)

In present positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners, PET attenuation correction is performed by relying on the information given by a single CT scan. The scaling of the linear attenuation coefficients from CT x-ray energy to PET 511 keV gamma energy is prone to errors especially in the presence of CT contrast agents. Attenuation correction based upon two CT scans at different energies but performed at the same time and patient position should reduce such errors and therefore improve the accuracy of the reconstructed PET images at the cost of introduced additional noise. Such CT scans could be provided by future PET/CT scanners that have either dual source CT or energy sensitive CT. Three different dual energy scaling methods for attenuation correction are introduced and assessed by measurements with a modified NEMA 1994 phantom with different CT contrast agent concentrations. The scaling is achieved by differentiating between (1) Compton and photoelectric effect, (2) atomic number and density, or (3) water-bone and water-iodine scaling schemes. The scaling method (3) is called hybrid dual energy computed tomography attenuation correction (hybrid DECTAC). All three dual energy scaling methods lead to a reduction of contrast agent artifacts with respect to single energy scaling. The hybrid DECTAC method resulted in PET images with the weakest artifacts. Both, the hybrid DECTAC and Compton/photoelectric effect scaling resulted also in images with the lowest PET background variability. Atomic number/density scaling and Compton/photoelectric effect scaling had problems to correctly scale water, hybrid DECTAC scaling and single energy scaling to correctly scale Teflon. Atomic number/density scaling and hybrid DECTAC could be generalized to reduce these problems.
100 nm gain bandwidth amplifier based on 980 nm pumped cerium codoped fluoride EDF (2003)

A 65 nm EDFA and a 100 nm EDFA/Raman hybrid amplifier with over 20 dB gain based on cerium codoped fluoride EDF with 980 nm pumping are demonstrated. The hybrid configuration also achieves low-noise performance over 100 nm.
Embedding Semantic Markup in Web Pages (2010)

The World Wide Web first revolutionized the presentation of text and data for people. The next wave of technology, the semantic web, will make data accessible to computers as well as people. Underpinning the semantic web is the Resource Description Framework (RDF). One way to make RDF-compatible data available on the web is to embed it in the X/HTML document. A small project investigates the available syntax for encoding RDF in web pages, the available descriptive vocabularies, and discusses the results of manually encoding web pages using RDFa and Dublin Core
Selective Irreversible Inhibitors of the Wnt-Deacylating Enzyme NOTUM Developed by Activity-Based Protein Profiling (2018)

Wnt proteins are secreted morphogens that play critical roles in embryonic development and tissue remodeling in adult organisms. Aberrant Wnt signaling contributes to diseases such as cancer. Wnts are modified by an unusual <i>O</i>-fatty acylation event (<i>O</i>-linked palmitoleoylation of a conserved serine) that is required for binding to Frizzled receptors. <i>O</i>-Palmitoleoylation of Wnts is introduced by the porcupine (PORCN) acyltransferase and removed by the serine hydrolase NOTUM. PORCN inhibitors are under development for oncology, while NOTUM inhibitors have potential for treating degenerative diseases. Here, we describe the use of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to discover and advance a class of <i>N</i>-hydroxyhydantoin (NHH) carbamates that potently and selectively inhibit NOTUM. An optimized NHH carbamate inhibitor, ABC99, preserves Wnt-mediated cell signaling in the presence of NOTUM and was also converted into an ABPP probe for visualizing NOTUM in native biological systems.
Wait-free clock synchronization (1993)

Article Wait-free clock synchronization Share on Authors: Shlomi Dolev View Profile , Jennifer L. Welch View Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '93: Proceedings of the twelfth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computingSeptember 1993 Pages 97–108https://doi.org/10.1145/164051.164066Online:01 September 1993Publication History 11citation294DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads294Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access