gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current and emerging therapies for the management of chronic inflammation in asthma (2003)

The pathophysiology of asthma, current treatment guidelines, and emerging immunomodulating treatments are reviewed. Asthma is a chronic disease of inflammation, which left untreated, may result in irreversible lung damage. Inhaled antigens elicit a T-helper cell type-2 response, leading to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil sensitization. Eosinophil infiltration into the airway is thought to play an important role in chronic inflammation and increases several weeks before an acute exacerbation in moderate to severe asthma. The updated guidelines from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program and the National Institutes of Health focus on the use of daily antiinflammatory treatment in patients with persistent asthma. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy remains the cornerstone for controlling mild and moderate asthma, but when used in higher doses for moderate-to-severe asthma it may cause long-term adverse effects, including osteoporosis and glaucoma. Step-up therapy should be the combination of a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) and an ICS. Leukotriene modifiers may provide additional symptom control in patients with moderate to severe asthma but have not been shown to be as cost-effective as monotherapy. Newer entities focus on direct immune modulation and include monoclonal antibodies targeting various inflammatory-response receptors (IgE, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, and IL-5). Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors may be effective for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but have not delivered consistent results for controlling asthma. Cytokine-receptor antagonists and leukocyte-suppressing antiinflammatory drugs (LSAIDs) are currently under investigation and have yielded promising preliminary results as alternatives for the treatment of asthma. Current and emerging therapies for the management of chronic inflammation in asthma include ICSs, LABAs, leukotriene modifiers, monoclonal antibodies, PDE-4 inhibitors, cytokine-receptor antagonists, and LSAIDs.
SmyD1, a histone methyltransferase, is required for myofibril organization and muscle contraction in zebrafish embryos (2006)

Histone modification has emerged as a fundamental mechanism for control of gene expression and cell differentiation. Recent studies suggest that SmyD1, a novo SET domain-containing protein, may play a critical role in cardiac muscle differentiation. However, its role in skeletal muscle development and its mechanism of actions remains elusive. Here we report that SmyD1a and SmyD1b, generated by alternative splicing of SmyD1 gene, are histone methyltransferases that play a key role in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. SmyD1a and SmyD1b are specifically expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles of zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of SmyD1a and SmyD1b expression by morpholino antisense oligos resulted in malfunction of skeletal and cardiac muscles. The SmyD1 morphant embryos (embryos injected with morpholino oligos) could not swim and had no heartbeat. Myofibril organization in the morphant embryos was severely disrupted. The affected myofibers appeared as immature fibers with centrally located nuclei. Together, these data indicate that SmyD1a and SmyD1b are histone methyltransferases and play a critical role in myofibril organization during myofiber maturation.
Near-Nyquist optical pulse generation with fiber optical parametric amplification (2012)

A novel method using optical fiber parametric amplification and phase modulation is proposed in order to generate Nyquist pulses. Using parabolic pulses as a pump, we show theoretically that it is possible to generate Nyquist pulses. Furthermore, we show that by using a sinusoidal pump (pump intensity modulated by an RF tone), it is possible to obtain pulses with characteristics that are close to Nyquist limited pulses. We demonstrate experimentally the generation of bandwidth limited pulses with full width half maximum of 14 ps at 10 GHz repetition rate. We also discuss limitations of this method and means to overcome these limitations.
Enrichment of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes <i>via</i> Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation: Raman Spectroscopy Evidence (2010)

We have used resonant Raman scattering spectroscopy to fully analyze the relative abundances of different (n,m) species in single-walled carbon nanotube samples that are metallically enriched by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Strikingly, the data clearly show that our density gradient ultracentrifugation process enriches the metallic fractions in armchair and near-armchair species. We observe that armchair carbon nanotubes constitute more than 50% of each (2n + m) family.
NKG2D expression by CD8+ T cells contributes to GVHD and GVT effects in a murine model of allogeneic HSCT (2015)

In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while maintaining graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses is of critical importance. Using a mouse model of allogeneic HSCT, we hereby demonstrate that NKG2D expression by CD8(+) T cells plays a major role in mediating GVHD and GVT effects by promoting the survival and cytotoxic function of CD8(+) T cells. The expression of NKG2D ligands was not induced persistently on normal tissues of allogeneic HSCT-recipient mice treated with anti-NKG2D antibody, suggesting that transient NKG2D blockade might be sufficient to attenuate GVHD and allow CD8(+) T cells to regain their GVT function. Indeed, short-term treatment with anti-NKG2D antibody restored GVT effects while maintaining an attenuated GVHD state. NKG2D expression was also detected on CD8(+) T cells from allogeneic HSCT patients and trended to be higher in those with active GVHD. Together, these data support a novel role for NKG2D expression by CD8(+) T cells during allogeneic HSCT, which could be potentially therapeutically exploited to separate GVHD from GVT effects.
Preparation of zeolite-coated cordierite honeycombs prepared by an in situ crystallization method (2004)

Zeolite thin films were prepared on cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) honeycomb substrates by in situ crystallization using soft hydrothermal conditions. The synthesized zeolite films (zeolite A and ZSM-5) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, NH3-TPD, and Ns2 and propane gas adsorption. Zeolite-A films were prepared by dip-coating on a cordierite substrate in a precursor of molar composition of Na2O:Al2O3: SiO2: H2O = 4:1:2:100 and heating in an autoclave at 80 °C for 6–10 h. The resultant zeolite-A films consisted of cubic crystals about 2–3 μm in size, achieving a thickness of 20 μm after re-coating. ZSM-5 films were similarly formed using a microporous silica precursor obtained by selective leaching of metakaolinite with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as the templating agent. The molar composition of the precursor was NaOH:microporous silica:TPAOH:H2O = 1:10:1:200. The dipped substrate covered with the wet precursor gel was heated in an autoclave at 150 °C for 24 h. The resultant films were composed of short prismatic <1 μm crystals achieving thickness of several to 10 μm after re-coating. The microstructure and porous properties of the ZSM-5 films were found to change according to the chemical composition and surface treatment of the cordierite substrates. The presence of a SiO2-rich interfacial layer between the substrate and zeolite film increased the amount of zeolite formed and the physical adsorption but decreased the solid acidity and amount of chemisorption.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for human tumor-associated antigen 90K/Mac-2 binding protein: Tools to examine protein conformation and function (2000)

As part of our effort to identify glycoproteins that contribute to colon cancer progression, we have previously described a family of structurally related glycoproteins expressing beta1-6 branched asparagine(Asn)-linked oligosaccharides defined by monoclonal antibody (MAb 1H9), which are differentially expressed, processed, and glycosylated by human colon carcinoma cell lines (Laferté and Loh [1992]; Biochem J; 283:193-201). MAb 1H9 immunoprecipitates three glycoproteins having apparent sizes of 92-100, 66-70, and 25 kDa, the size heterogeneity attributable to cell-type specific glycosylation differences. We report on the basis of partial protein and cDNA sequence information, that the 100-kDa glycoprotein detected by MAb 1H9 is identical to the 90-kDa glycoprotein variably known as tumor-associated antigen 90K (TAA90K), Mac-2 binding protein, and cyclophilin C-associated protein. Using a PCR-based cloning strategy, the complete cDNA encoding TAA90K was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA-3 (pCD-TAA90K(wt)) and the protein expressed in COS-1 cells. A [(35)S]methionine-labeled 60-kDa polypeptide, processed to an endoglycosidase H-sensitive 74-kDa glycoprotein in the presence of dog pancreas microsomes, was detected in a coupled transcription/translation in vitro reaction. The in vitro-translated 60-kDa polypeptide and N-glycanase-treated TAA90K (60-kDa species) immunoprecipitated from HT29 cells were shown to be structurally identical by limited proteolytic peptide mapping. Using a new panel of 11 TAA90K-specific monoclonal antibodies, including five specific for human TAA90K and six cross-reactive with a 90-kDa species expressed by COS-1 cells, we have detected conformational differences between recombinant wild-type TAA90K, in vitro-synthesized TAA90K, and mutant forms of TAA90K containing point mutations at residues 189, 223, and 259. Furthermore, we have shown that these mutant forms of TAA90K, as well as a truncated form of TAA90K containing amino acid residues 1-383, are defective in secretion. These studies demonstrate the potential usefulness of TAA90K-specific monoclonal antibodies for examining the structure and function of TAA90K, and highlight the contribution of specific amino acid residues to its normal processing and secretion.
Nature-Inspired Structural Materials for Flexible Electronic Devices (2017)

Exciting advancements have been made in the field of flexible electronic devices in the last two decades and will certainly lead to a revolution in peoples' lives in the future. However, because of the poor sustainability of the active materials in complex stress environments, new requirements have been adopted for the construction of flexible devices. Thus, hierarchical architectures in natural materials, which have developed various environment-adapted structures and materials through natural selection, can serve as guides to solve the limitations of materials and engineering techniques. This review covers the smart designs of structural materials inspired by natural materials and their utility in the construction of flexible devices. First, we summarize structural materials that accommodate mechanical deformations, which is the fundamental requirement for flexible devices to work properly in complex environments. Second, we discuss the functionalities of flexible devices induced by nature-inspired structural materials, including mechanical sensing, energy harvesting, physically interacting, and so on. Finally, we provide a perspective on newly developed structural materials and their potential applications in future flexible devices, as well as frontier strategies for biomimetic functions. These analyses and summaries are valuable for a systematic understanding of structural materials in electronic devices and will serve as inspirations for smart designs in flexible electronics.
Serotonin Receptor Subtypes: Pharmacological Significance and Clinical Implications (1992)

Molecular analysis of serotonin receptor subtypes, R.L. Weinshank 5-HT1 receptor subtypes - pharmacological heterogeneity, M.C. Miguel and M. Hamon 5HT2-receptors - location, pharmacological, pathological and physiological role, J.E. Leysen pharmacological relevance of 5-HT3 receptors, J.R. Fozard uptake mechanisms and drug development, R.W. Fuller animal models of anxiety and aggression in the study of serotonergic agents, B. Olivier et al electrophysiological evidence for the distinct properties of presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors - possible clinical relevance, C. de Montigny and P. Blier current concepts of the role of serotonin function in depression and anxiety, D.S. Charney and P.L. Delgado different 5-HT receptors modulate glutamate release in cerebellum (5-HT1 and 5-HT2) and cholecystokinin release in nucleus accumbens (5-HT3) - possible relevance to cerebellar ataxias and to anxiety, M. Raiteri et al serotonin and eating disorders - pharmacological relationships, G. Curzon 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and drug discovery, P.P.A. Humphrey.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of <scp> <scp>Cu</scp> </scp> ( <scp> <scp>In</scp> </scp> , <scp> <scp>Ga</scp> </scp> ) <scp> <scp>Se</scp> </scp> <sub>2</sub> Thin Films Using Selenium‐Containing Precursors (2012)

Cu ( In , Ga ) Se 2 films were successfully synthesized via employing H 2 SeO 3 as a new Se source. Direct heating in a reducing atmosphere at 350°C without using Se vapor yielded monophasic Cu ( In , Ga ) Se 2 . H 2 SeO 3 was completely dissolved in the starting solution, leading to an improvement in homogeneous mixing and diffusion of selenium atoms with other constituent species in the precursor pastes. The formation processes of Cu ( In , Ga ) Se 2 were investigated, and the related reaction mechanism was proposed in the study. H 2 SeO 3 is first decomposed to yield selenium species at elevated temperatures. Subsequently, In 2 Se 3 is formed from selenium and indium species. Finally, In 2 Se 3 reacts with other species to yield Cu ( In , Ga ) Se 2 . In the heating process, decreasing the heating rates resulted in a significant increase in the grain size and the compactness of the prepared films.
Low-noise single-photon detection at wavelength1.55 µm (2001)

The photon-counting performance of commercially available InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode was investigated at temperatures between 77 and 260 K. In particular, their noise equivalent power was measured to be 4 × 10-17 WHz-1/2 at 77 K. The implications of these results in the context of a quantum cryptography application are discussed.
PageTailor (2007)

Most pages on the Web are designed for the desktop environment and render poorly on the small screens available on handheld devices. We introduce Reusable End-User Customization (REUC), a technique that lets end users adapt the layout of Web pages by removing, resizing and moving page elements. REUC records the user's customizations and automatically reapplies them on subsequent visits to the same page or to other, similar pages, on the same Web site. We present PageTailor, a REUC prototype based on the Minimo Web browser that runs on Windows Mobile PDAs. We show that users can utilize PageTailor to adapt sophisticated Web sites, such as Amazon, BBC and MSN, for browsing on a PDA. Moreover, the customizations remain effective for up to a year, even as the content of pages is updated, and can be reused across similar pages, limiting the customization effort required to browse a site.
CuInSe/sub 2/ thin films and high-efficiency solar cells obtained by selenization of metallic layers (2002)

Evaporated Cu-In layers have been selenized, and the morphology of the resulting CuInSe/sub 2/, (CIS) films has been compared with that of the electrodeposited selenized CIS layers. The evaporation process causes considerable alloying between the Cu and In films and reduces the grain size of the selenized material. Close to 11% efficiency has been demonstrated for solar cells made on selenized Cu-In alloy films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiuser multidetector indoor visible light communication system (2015)

We present an optimal fair power allocation and receiver combination scheme for multiuser indoor visible light communication systems using CDMA. MIMO diversity is achieved by using multiple LEDS and photodetectors with different orientations, resulting in a greater than 3 dB power advantage compared with MISO schemes.
Magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties of an Ni45.37Mn40.91In13.72 Heusler alloy (2016)

The magnetization, the electrical resistivity, the specific heat, the thermal conductivity, and the thermal diffusion of a polycrystalline Heusler alloy Ni45.37Mn40.91In13.72 sample are studied. Anomalies, which are related to the coexistence of martensite and austenite phases and the change in their ratio induced by a magnetic field and temperature, are revealed and interpreted. The behavior of the properties of the alloy near Curie temperature T C also demonstrates signs of a structural transition, which suggests that the detected transition is a first-order magnetostructural phase transition. The nontrivial behavior of specific heat detected near the martensite transformation temperatures is partly related to a change in the electron density of states near the Fermi level. The peculiar peak of phonon thermal conductivity near the martensitic transformation is interpreted as a consequence of the appearance of additional soft phonon modes, which contribute to the specific heat and the thermal conductivity.
In vivo evaluation of [18F]fluoroetanidazole as a new marker for imaging tumour hypoxia with positron emission tomography (2004)

Development of hypoxia-targeted therapies has stimulated the search for clinically applicable noninvasive markers of tumour hypoxia. Here, we describe the validation of [(18)F]fluoroetanidazole ([(18)F]FETA) as a tumour hypoxia marker by positron emission tomography (PET). Cellular transport and retention of [(18)F]FETA were determined in vitro under air vs nitrogen. Biodistribution and metabolism of the radiotracer were determined in mice bearing MCF-7, RIF-1, EMT6, HT1080/26.6, and HT1080/1-3C xenografts. Dynamic PET imaging was performed on a dedicated small animal scanner. [(18)F]FETA, with an octanol-water partition coefficient of 0.16+/-0.01, was selectively retained by RIF-1 cells under hypoxia compared to air (3.4- to 4.3-fold at 60-120 min). The radiotracer was stable in the plasma and distributed well to all the tissues studied. The 60-min tumour/muscle ratios positively correlated with the percentage of pO(2) values <5 mmHg (r=0.805, P=0.027) and carbogen breathing decreased [(18)F]FETA-derived radioactivity levels (P=0.028). In contrast, nitroreductase activity did not influence accumulation. Tumours were sufficiently visualised by PET imaging within 30-60 min. Higher fractional retention of [(18)F]FETA in HT1080/1-3C vs HT1080/26.6 tumours determined by dynamic PET imaging (P=0.05) reflected higher percentage of pO(2) values <1 mmHg (P=0.023), lower vessel density (P=0.026), and higher radiobiological hypoxic fraction (P=0.008) of the HT1080/1-3C tumours. In conclusion, [(18)F]FETA shows hypoxia-dependent tumour retention and is, thus, a promising PET marker that warrants clinical evaluation.
24.3L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : In‐Cell Capacitance Touch‐Panel with Improved Sensitivity (2010)

Abstract We present a novel pixel circuit for an in‐cell capacitive type force‐sensitive touch panel. The TFT based capacitance sensor system comprises an active pixel sensor circuit with novel sensing capacitor structure and in‐pixel amplification to achieve a high sensitivity. The observed 8.5x increase in sensitivity over standard methods provides a practical solution to obtain a robust, mechanically compact and low‐cost force sensitive multi‐touch panel.
垂直记录技术将促进消费电子产品的发展——革新百年录制技术，将硬盘容量提升10倍 (2005)

在过去的50年中，硬盘业一直采用纵向记录技术，在经历两代产品以后。这种技术已经进入了逐渐饱和阶段。在近10年的时间里，科学家及工程师们仔细研究“超磁极限”的潜在效应。并预测这种效应的存在将有可能妨碍硬盘业的未来发展。
Single-stage power-factor-corrected rectifier topology (1999)

The paper presents a simple rectifier topology with only one active switch that offers very good input current shape and fast output voltage regulation. The voltage stresses on critical components such as energy storage capacitor and all semiconductor switches are well controlled.
Precision immunoprofiling by image analysis and artificial intelligence (2018)

Clinical success of immunotherapy is driving the need for new prognostic and predictive assays to inform patient selection and stratification. This requirement can be met by a combination of computational pathology and artificial intelligence. Here, we critically assess computational approaches supporting the development of a standardized methodology in the assessment of immune-oncology biomarkers, such as PD-L1 and immune cell infiltrates. We examine immunoprofiling through spatial analysis of tumor-immune cell interactions and multiplexing technologies as a predictor of patient response to cancer treatment. Further, we discuss how integrated bioinformatics can enable the amalgamation of complex morphological phenotypes with the multiomics datasets that drive precision medicine. We provide an outline to machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence tools and illustrate fields of application in immune-oncology, such as pattern-recognition in large and complex datasets and deep learning approaches for survival analysis. Synergies of surgical pathology and computational analyses are expected to improve patient stratification in immuno-oncology. We propose that future clinical demands will be best met by (1) dedicated research at the interface of pathology and bioinformatics, supported by professional societies, and (2) the integration of data sciences and digital image analysis in the professional education of pathologists.
Streptococcus thermophilus 580 Produces a Bacteriocin Potentially Suitable for Inhibition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in Hard Cheese (2003)

A strain of Streptococcus thermophilus that inhibits Clostridium tyrobutyricum has been isolated from raw milk. The active compound produced disappears after a treatment with protease. However, unlike most bacteriocins, it is not thermoresistant, and the activity is completely lost after 1 h at 60 degrees C. Its inhibitory spectrum is limited to other thermophilic streptococci, Brochothrix, and sporulated gram-positive rods. So this bacteriocin could be different from those already described. This bacteriocin-producing strain could be used in thermophilic starter for hard cheese making because the bacteriocin is not active against thermophilic lactobacilli. It is produced in M17 medium during the decreasing temperature phase of the hard cheese-making process temperature cycle and is also produced in milk. Moreover, when Streptococcus thermophilus was cocultured with a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis starter strain, it seems to enhance the bacteriocin production. However the level of activity always decreases drastically during the stationary phase. But inhibition of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores can be obtained in small-scale curds.
Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in hemodialysis patients. (2012)

Oxidative stress often occurs in chronic hemodialysis (HD). The aim of the present study was to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level for lipid peroxidation product and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as enzymatic antioxidants. Thirty-one HD patients (aged 50.3 ± 14.9 years) who were dialyzed three times per week and 31 healthy subjects (aged 47.8 ± 13.9 years) were enrolled. The results showed lower enzymatic antioxidants activity (GPx, SOD) and higher MDA levels in comparison with control subjects. In addition, SOD and GPx activities significantly decreased and MDA increased after HD. We also found that there was a significantly negative correlation between SOD and GPx with MDA. The results suggest that elevated level of plasma MDA and reduced activities of SOD and GPx can be caused oxidative stress, which may play a critical role in HD complications.