gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current-source parallel-resonant DC/AC inverter with transformer (1996)

This paper gives the theory and experimental results for a current-source parallel-resonant inverter with a transformer used to change voltage levels and provide isolation. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain using Fourier series techniques to predict output power, efficiency, DC-to-AC voltage transfer function, and component voltage and current stresses. The inverter consists of two switches, a large choke inductor, a transformer, and a parallel-resonant circuit. The magnetizing inductance of the transformer is used as the inductance of the parallel-resonant circuit, thereby requiring one less component. Each switch consists of a MOSFET in series with a diode. The MOSFETs have their sources grounded so there is no need for a complicated gate-drive circuit. An inverter was designed and constructed. The DC input voltage was 156 V and the output voltage was a sine wave with a peak value of 224 V at an operating frequency of 50 kHz. The output power at full load was 100 W.
The colorimetric determination of boron in carbon and stainless steels (1968)

A method proposed for the colorimetric determination of boron in carbon and alloy steels, and probably also in high-nickel alloys, is described. The procedure has been applied to several B.C.S. boron-containing steels with acceptable reproducibility and accuracy.
Global transport of thermophilic bacteria in atmospheric dust (2010)

Aerosols from dust storms generated in the Sahara-Sahel desert area of Africa are transported north over Europe and periodically result in dry dust precipitation in the Mediterranean region. Samples of dust collected in Turkey and Greece following two distinct desert storm events contained viable thermophilic organisms of the genus Geobacillus, namely G. thermoglucosidasius and G. thermodenitrificans, and the recently reclassified Aeribacillus pallidus (formerly Geobacillus pallidus). We present here evidence that African dust storms create an atmospheric bridge between distant geographical regions and that they are also probably the source of thermophilic geobacilli later deposited over northern Europe by rainfall or dust plumes themselves. The same organisms (99% similarity in the 16S rDNA sequence) were found in dust collected in the Mediterranean region and inhabiting cool soils in Northern Ireland. This study also contributes new insights to the taxonomic identification of Geobacillus sp. Attempts to identify these organisms using 16S rRNA gene sequences have revealed that they contain multiple and diverse copies of the ribosomal RNA operon (up to 10 copies with nine different sequences), which dictates care in interpreting data about the systematics of this genus.
Experimental Study on the Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of the Insulating Oil Mixed with Magnetic Nanoparticles (2012)

In this study, we have measured the dielectric breakdown voltage of transformer oil-based nanofluids in accordance with IEC 156 standard and have investigated the dielectric breakdown performance with the application of an external magnetic field and different volume concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles. It is confirmed that the dielectric breakdown voltage of pure transformer oil is about 10 kV with a gap distance of 1 mm between electrodes. In the case of our transformer oil-based nanofluids with 0.08% < Φ < 0.39% (Φ means the volume concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in the fluid), the dielectric breakdown voltage is three times higher than that of pure transformer oil. Furthermore, when the external magnetic field is applied under the experimental vessel, the dielectric breakdown voltage of the nanofluids is above 40 kV, which is 30% higher than that without the external magnetic field.
2D photonic memristor beyond graphene: progress and prospects (2020)

Abstract Photonic computing and neuromorphic computing are attracting tremendous interests in breaking the memory wall of traditional von Neumann architecture. Photonic memristors equipped with light sensing, data storage, and information processing capabilities are important building blocks of optical neural network. In the recent years, two‐dimensional materials (2DMs) have been widely investigated for photonic memristor applications, which offer additional advantages in geometry scaling and distinct applications in terms of wide detectable spectrum range and abundant structural designs. Herein, the recent progress made toward the exploitation of 2DMs beyond graphene for photonic memristors applications are reviewed, as well as their application in photonic synapse and pattern recognition. Different materials and device structures are discussed in terms of their light tuneable memory behavior and underlying resistive switching mechanism. Following the discussion and classification on the device performances and mechanisms, the challenges facing this rapidly progressing research field are discussed, and routes to realize commercially viable 2DMs photonic memristors are proposed.
Role of LTB<sub>4</sub>in the pathogenesis of elastase-induced murine pulmonary emphysema (2010)

Exaggerated levels of the leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) frequently coexist at sites of inflammation and tissue remodeling. Therefore, we hypothesize that the LTB₄ pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic inflammation that contributes to pulmonary emphysema. In this study, significant levels of LTB₄ were detected in human lung tissues with emphysema compared with lungs without emphysema (9,497 ± 2,839 vs. 4,142 ± 1,173 pg/ml, n = 9 vs. 10, P = 0.04). To further determine the biological role of LTB₄ in the pathogenesis of emphysema, we compared the lungs of wild-type (WT) and LTA₄ hydrolase-/- mice (LTB₄ deficient, LTA₄H-/-) exposed to intranasal elastase or vehicle control. We found that intranasal elastase induced accumulation of LTB₄ in the lungs and caused progressively worsening emphysema between 14 and 28 days after elastase exposure in WT mice but not in LTA₄H-/- mice. Premortem physiology documented increased lung compliance in elastase-exposed WT mice compared with elastase-exposed LTA₄H-/- mice as measured by Flexivent (0.058 ± 0.005 vs. 0.041 ± 0.002 ml/cmH₂O pressure). Postmortem morphometry documented increased total lung volume and alveolar sizes in elastase-exposed WT mice compared with elastase-exposed LTA₄H-/- mice as measured by volume displacement and alveolar chord length assessment. Furthermore, elastase-exposed LTA₄H-/- mice were found to have significantly delayed influx of the CD45(high)CD11b(high)Ly6G(high) leukocytes compatible with neutrophils compared with elastase-exposed WT mice. Mechanistic insights to these phenotypes were provided by demonstrating protection from elastase-induced murine emphysema with neutrophil depletion in the elastase-exposed WT mice and by demonstrating time-dependent modulation of cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthesis in the elastase-exposed LTA₄H-/- mice compared with elastase-exposed WT mice. Together, these findings demonstrated that LTB₄ played an important role in promoting the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema associated with neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation.
Hydrogel Contact Lens Binding Induced by Contact Lens Rewetting Drops (2008)

Boric acid-containing rewetting drops were shown to be associated with a significant reduction in lens movement with a concurrent increase in lens center thickness and reduction in PoLTF thickness. The higher boric acid-containing drop was associated with more substantial increases in lens center thickness and decreases in PoLTF thickness.
Cost effective fabrication method for large sapphire sensor windows (2013)

Sapphire poses very difficult challenges to optical manufacturers due to its high hardness and anisotropic properties. These challenges can result in long lead times and high prices. Large optical sensor windows demand much higher precision surfaces compared to transparent armor (windshields) to achieve acceptable image quality. Optimax is developing a high speed, cost effective process to produce such windows. The Optimax high speed process is a two-step process that combines precision fixed abrasive grinding and high speed polishing. In-house studies have demonstrated cycle time reduction of up to 6X as compared to conventional processing.
A Technique for Detecting Incomplete Saturation of Cores (1978)

Cores and core plugs are cleaned, dried, and saturated with brine or oil as part of many measuring procedures. The validity of the measurements depends directly on saturation being complete without any trace of residual gas in the core. Errors introduced by residual gas vary from about a square-root dependence for formation factor, through a linear effect for porosity, to what may be a severe, larger-than-linear effect for acoustic and permeability measurements. permeability measurements. A typical saturation procedure comprises evacuation of the core to a pressure of less than 15 Pa, admission of degassed fluid to the evacuated vessel containing the cores, and imposition of at least 5 MPa hydraulic pressure on the fluid while the cores remain immersed. There is 0.18 gm/m3 air left in a vessel evacuated to 15 Pa, The solubility of air in water is 20.2 gm/m3 at atmospheric conditions; therefore, if residual air at 15 Pa in the pore space of a core dissolves in a brine that saturates the core, then that air is less than 0.9% of the solubility of air in water. Similar arguments are true for other gases; therefore, this procedure ensures no residual free-gas saturation in the core after hydraulic pressure is released. The possibility exists that the procedure actually will not be possibility exists that the procedure actually will not be conducted as planned; a valve or pump seal may leak, a gas bubble may be trapped in the brine lines, and so forth. The cores still will be fully saturated, provided the leak is smaller than the capacity of the undersaturated brine to dissolve air. The following technique can detect free-gas saturation in excess of 0.01% porosity, or 0. 12 gm/m3 of air. Thus, all significant leaks will be detected, except for a narrow range that exceeds the dissolving capacity of the brine, but by less than 0.12 gm/m3.Fig. 1 is an enlarged drawing of a glass vial that can be "saturated" along with the cores. As fluid enters the saturation, vessel, a sample of residual gas in the vapor space of the vessel is trapped in the vial when the liquid level rises above the top of the cutouts in the lower rim. At the end of the cycle, any free gas left in the vial appears as a bubble at the tip of the capillary. The visual limit for bubble detection is about 0.4 nm3, which corresponds to 0.01% porosity for a 4-ml vial. The presence of a very small gas bubble in the vial conservatively indicates incomplete saturation because the vial is a closed trap once the liquid seals the base, whereas the core itself is flushed further by displacement and imbibition as the brine level rises around the core.Any vial with a configuration similar to that shown in the figure may be used for this procedure. Such vials are readily made by a glass blower from standard borosilicate glass tubing. The only special requirement is to maintain as square an end as practical on both the inside and outside of the capillary tip to allow clear observation of any gas bubble present.
Is Alveolar Destruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease an Immune Disease? (2006)

The alveolar destruction leading to airspace enlargement in patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently progressive, despite smoking cessation. Several laboratories have accumulated data demonstrating the presence of immune cells in bronchial biopsy specimens and lung tissue sections from patients with COPD. Recently, the accumulation of T and B lymphocytes, often forming follicles, in the lung parenchyma from patients with severe COPD has been reported. In addition, it has been postulated that there might be an autoimmune component to COPD. T-cell receptor analysis has provided data consistent with the concept of T-cell clones in the lung tissue from patients with COPD. Against this background, we developed a model of autoimmune emphysema in adult rats. Based on published data showing that immunization of mice with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) causes production of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor II (KDR) antibodies, and our own data indicating that administration of a VEGF receptor blocker in adult rats causes emphysema, we reasoned that intraperitoneal injection of HUVECs in rats would generate both anti-VEGF receptor antibodies and emphysema. Indeed, intraperitoneal injection of HUVECs caused emphysema. We further explored the autoimmune nature of this model, identified KDR antibodies in the serum of HUVEC-immunized rats, and injected serum from the emphysematous rats into naive rats and mice, which resulted in emphysema. Presently, we are in the process of investigating whether cigarette smoke extract causes emphysema. We recently identified anti-endothelial cell antibodies in the serum of patients with end-stage emphysema.
The vibration-induced phase noise of a visco-elastically supported crystal resonator (2003)

The performance of a VHF crystal oscillator in the 100-MHz range is described under vibration and during acoustic noise excitation. The fifth-overtone resonator is supported on four massive posts and held in place by a precisely controlled support area of a compliant adhesive. Because the adhesive is an insulator, electrical connections between crystal and header pins are made via Au-bonded wires. The behavior of the short-term stability, composed of near-carrier phase noise and of spurious, flexure-induced resonances experienced under typical vibration and acoustic noise stresses, is reported. Phase noise measurements obtained at X-band after approximately=100* multiplication are described on a number of randomly selected SC and some At-cut crystals using the compliant mount. All results were obtained using the same foamed hybrid test oscillator excited with sinusoidal excitation of 2 g/sub rms/ at 1 KHz. These crystals routinely yielded a vibration sensitivity factor Gamma <or=3*10/sup -10/.<<ETX>>
Is Hydroxyapatite Important in Calcium Urolithiasis? (1984)

Calculi formed within the urinary tract are commonly of mixed crystalline composition (1–3). This observation led Modlin in an address to the Royal College of Surgeons in England to suggest that heterogenous nucleation may be an important etiologic factor in the initiation of stone formation in the urinary tract (4). The crystalline mixture of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite is especially common. Boyce has shown that at least some hydroxyapatite was present in all the stones he examined, including “pure” calcium oxalate stones. He found that this hydroxyapatite was often located in close association with stone matrix (5). Meyer et al. demonstrated the ability of hydroxyapatite to induce the heterogenous nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate in vitro (6). They found that the addition of hydroxyapatite seed crystals to a solution that was supersaturated in terms of calcium oxalate and saturated in terms of hydroxyapatite induced the nucleation of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate did not precipitate within the time allowed by the study if no seed crystals were added. The rate of heterogenous nucleation of calcium oxalate was dependent upon the surface area of the seed crystals added.
Recent subjects and progresses in research on Co-Cr perpendicular magnetic recording media (1987)

Recent advances in the Co-Cr media are discussed regarding their potential in recording and physical properties. The head reproducing resolution is most important for high density recording in perpendicular recording. The Co-Cr medium, if it has a fine columnar structure, shows very high recording resolution, since the columns are predicted to show a rotational mode of magnetization reversal, and also offer an ideal perpendicular magnetization mode. Stress is placed on the remaining issues : improvement of the reliability through improvements in durability ; and supply of high quality base materials.
Highly Fluorinated Adamantanols:  Synthesis, Acidities, and Reactivities (1996)

Aerosol direct fluorination of 1-adamantyl acetate produces F-1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate and 2-hydryl-F-1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate in a near 1:1 ratio. Hydrolyses of these two esters give the corresponding alcohols, F-adamantan-1-ol and 2-hydryl-F-adamantan-1-ol. 2-Hydryl-F-adamantan-2-ol is synthesized by LiAlH4 reduction of F-adamantanone. The acidities of these alcohols and the rates of their acetylation reactions were measured. A 1H NMR study of their hydrogen bonding with t-BuOCH3 is described.
S-1 Plus Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

S-1 plus cisplatin combination chemotherapy showed a promising effectiveness with acceptable toxicity rates in patients with advanced NSCLC. These results warrant further investigations of this regimen including a randomized controlled trial for its use as a first line treatment for NSCLC.
Effect of Barometric Pressure on Flight Initiation by <I>Trichogramma pretiosum</I> and <I>Trichogramma evanescens</I> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (2005)

Abstract The effect of barometric pressure changes on flight initiation of female Trichogramma evanescens Riley and Trichogramma pretiosum Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was studied in a flight chamber over a 6-h period. Six different barometric pressure regimens were tested for their impact on flight initiation of both species: constant 975 and 1,025 mbar (stable regimens), and 50 mbar increase or decrease in pressure between 975 and 1,025 mbar either within 1 (rapid increase or decrease) or 6 h (slow increase or decrease). Both Trichogramma species did not respond to stable or slow changes in barometric pressure, but rapid barometric changes significantly reduced the flight initiation of females. The effect of rapid barometric pressure changes was almost immediate and independent of its direction, whether it was increasing or decreasing. The reduction in flight initiation was lifted rapidly when the barometric pressure became stable again, immediately for T. pretiosum and 1 h later for T. evanescens. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis of an adaptive response to rapidly changing climatic conditions and associated higher risks of mortality during flight for small insects like Trichogramma. The higher flight initiation observed for T. evanescens females also agrees with field results where they displayed higher dispersal capacity than T. pretiosum females under adverse climatic conditions. The effects of barometric pressure on parasitoid foraging behavior deserve more attention because this climatic variable may play a significant role in their population dynamics.
A PROPOSED SUBSPECIFIC CLASSIFICATION FOR CUCURBITA-PEPO (1986)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Anticancer Activities of Pterostilbene-Isothiocyanate Conjugate in Breast Cancer Cells: Involvement of PPARγ (2014)

Trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene (PTER), a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, preferentially induces certain cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and could thus have a role in cancer chemoprevention. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose activation results in growth arrest and/or apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. Here we investigated the potential of PTER-isothiocyanate (ITC) conjugate, a novel class of hybrid compound (PTER-ITC) synthesized by appending an ITC moiety to the PTER backbone, to induce apoptotic cell death in hormone-dependent (MCF-7) and -independent (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate PPARγ involvement in PTER-ITC action. Our results showed that when pre-treated with PPARγ antagonists or PPARγ siRNA, both breast cancer cell lines suppressed PTER-ITC-induced apoptosis, as determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and cleaved caspase-9 expression. Furthermore, PTER-ITC significantly increased PPARγ mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner and modulated expression of PPARγ-related genes in both breast cancer cell lines. This increase in PPARγ activity was prevented by a PPARγ-specific inhibitor, in support of our hypothesis that PTER-ITC can act as a PPARγ activator. PTER-ITC-mediated upregulation of PPARγ was counteracted by co-incubation with p38 MAPK or JNK inhibitors, suggesting involvement of these pathways in PTER-ITC action. Molecular docking analysis further suggested that PTER-ITC interacted with 5 polar and 8 non-polar residues within the PPARγ ligand-binding pocket, which are reported to be critical for its activity. Collectively, our observations suggest potential applications for PTER-ITC in breast cancer prevention and treatment through modulation of the PPARγ activation pathway.
Knee Articular Cartilage Repair and Restoration Techniques (2015)

These techniques may improve patient outcomes, though no single technique can reproduce normal hyaline cartilage.
Immunotherapeutic Targeting of Membrane Hsp70-Expressing Tumors Using Recombinant Human Granzyme B (2012)

These findings support the future clinical evaluation of human grB as a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent, especially for treating immunosuppressed patients that bear membrane Hsp70-positive tumors.
Aromatase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structure of 1,2-Imidazolylmethylcyclopentanol Derivatives. (1995)

Two series of 1,2-disubstituted imidazolylmethylcyclopentanol derivatives (5a-d, 10a-d) were prepared by using easily available methyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate as the starting material. Evaluation of the aromatase inhibitory activities in vitro was performed. Their activities were compared with those of a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, Formestane, and a non-steroidal inhibitor, Fadrozole. Among these compounds, the aromatase inhibitory activities of 5d, 10a, 10b, 10c, 11a, 15a, and 15b were more potent than Formestane. One compound, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-cis-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol+ ++ (10a) was in particular identified as a potent aromatase inhibitor in vitro, exhibiting an IC50 value of 4 x 10(-8)M. The enantiomers of 10a were separated, and their absolute configuration were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Pain and pain-related side effects in an ICU and on a surgical unit: nurses' management (1994)

Results from this study suggest that nurses in both intensive care and surgical units do not appropriately assess, manage or evaluate pain and pain-related side effects. Patients who experience pain expect to have their pain controlled. Efforts must be made to change nurses' pain management behaviors.