gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers; a dramatic growth of solution viscosity and the specificity of physical gel formation (2001)

The rheological properties of dilute and semidilute solutions (viscosity) and physical gels (elasticity modulus) of hydrophobically modified self-associated binary polymers (formed by micellar polymerization of acrylamide and methyl methacrylate with side hydrophobic groups (HG) containing 9, 12 and 18 C-atoms), and terpolymers (the same monomers and a charged component — sodium acrylate) are studied. The dependences of properties on the length, form (linear or branched) and the number of HG and charges is established. It is shown that a very small number of linear HG leads to a considerably higher solution viscosity, starting at a smaller concentration compared with the effects of a larger number of branched HG. Solutions of terpolymers of concentration 2–3 wt % form physical gels that are thixotropic. After dilution, the polymers suddenly form gels at certain concentrations without the preliminary stage of viscosity growth
A comparison of electrically small HF antennas (2005)

The performance properties of several electrically small HF antennas are compared. The antennas are made self-resonant near 30 MHz by increasing the total wire length within a fixed spherical volume of ka ap 0.2, where k = 2pi/lambda and a is the radius of an imaginary sphere circumscribing the maximum dimension of the antenna. Three configurations are considered: a single arm spherical helix antenna, a multiple arm folded spherical helix and a top-loaded spherical helix. An impedance match to 50 Ohms is accomplished through several techniques: the use of multiple folded arms, a parallel stub match and an inductively coupled loop. Since all of the configurations are resonant and have a resistance near 50 Ohms, the primary performance properties of interest in this comparison are the antennas' radiation efficiency and bandwidth, which is characterized by the antenna's quality factor, or Q. All of the antennas exhibit reasonable radiation efficiency. The lowest quality factor is exhibited by the multiple folded arm spherical helix configuration
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor for Mobilizing Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Subacute Stroke (2011)

URL: www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN63336619.
Activation of p38 MAPK pathway in the skull abnormalities of Apert syndrome Fgfr2+P253R mice (2010)

Our in vivo studies demonstrated that the Fgfr2 +/P253R mutation resulted in mice with cranial features that resemble those of the Fgfr2(+/S252W) mice and human Apert syndrome. Activated p38 in addition to the ERK1/2 signaling pathways may mediate the mutant neurocranial phenotype. Though Apert syndrome is traditionally thought to be a consistent phenotype, our results suggest localized and regional variations in the phenotypes that characterize Apert syndrome.
Synthesis of a High Frequency Reactance (1939)

Foster’s reactance theorem (1) provides the necessary information for the synthesis of the most general dissipationless reactance provided the frequency range is such that lumped reactances, namely inductance coils and condensers, are available. At the higher frequencies these are difficult to obtain practically and the impedence elements must be treated in design as the transmission lines with distributed inductance and capacity which they truly are.
Urolithin A attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice (2019)

Our results indicated that UA imparted cognitive protection by protecting neurons from death and triggering neurogenesis via anti-inflammatory signaling in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting that UA might be a promising therapeutic drug to treat AD.
MAPK‐dependent expression of p21<sup>WAF</sup> and p27<sup>kip1</sup> in PMA‐induced differentiation of HL60 cells (2000)

Treatment of HL60 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) results in growth arrest and differentiation towards the macrophage lineage. PMA-induced changes are easily monitored by morphological changes while cells in suspension start adhering onto substrate. PMA induces rapid activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Activation of the ERK pathway is essential to PMA-induced differentiation of HL60 cells. PMA also induces the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(WAF) and p27(kip1), which is modulated by the use of an inhibitor of the ERK cascade. This implies that a link exists between ERK activation and p21(WAF) and p27(kip1) induction in the process of terminal differentiation.
Stemness and Regenerative Potential of Corneal Stromal Stem Cells and Their Secretome After Long-Term Storage: Implications for Ocular Regeneration (2018)

CSSCs maintained their stemness and multipotency after long-term storage, and secretome derived from these cells can be of paramount importance for corneal regeneration and prevention of fibrosis.
Electrospinning of cellulose‐based nanofibers (2006)

Abstract Cellulose derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), and enzymatically treated cellulose have been electrospun, and the microstructure of the resulting nanofibers has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Before electrospinning, the solutions were characterized by viscometry and surface tension measurements, and the results were correlated with spinnability. Four different CMC derivatives, varying in molecular weight (M w ), degree of substitution (DS), and substitution pattern, have been electrospun in mixtures with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and nanofibers of various characteristics have formed. The CMC‐based nanostructures, i.e., the nonwoven sheet and individual nanofibers, proved to be independent of M w and DS but largely dependent on the substitution pattern. The nonwoven sheets varied in homogeneity, and beads appeared on the individual fibers. Depending on the chemical nature of the CMC, the extraction of PEO resulted in pure CMC nanostructures of varying appearance, indicating that the distribution of PEO and CMC in the nanofibers also varied. Two different HPMC derivatives, varying in DS, were electrospun into nanofibers. Homogeneous nonwoven sheets based on nanofibers of similar appearance are formed, independent of the substitution content of the HPMC sample. Preliminary fibers were obtained from enzymatically treated cellulose in a solvent system based on lithium chloride dissolved in dimethyl acetamide (LiCl: DMAc). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1473–1482, 2007
A contract and rights management framework design for interacting brokers (2003)

Contract and rights management - and thus property rights protection -has gained increasing importance as a quality standard in brokerage and electronic commerce environments. Contract and rights management provides information on the legal relationships associated with digital assets, as well as intellectual property rights protection and the enforcement of rights. However, many brokerage and e-commerce platforms currently in operation were not originally designed to support contract and rights management. In this context, we identify open issues in digital contract and rights management and present a framework design to resolve these issues. This framework uses standardized XML-based rights expression languages, reuses an existing role-based access control component for rights enforcement, and is extensible with value-added service components for rights management. The reference project for our work is a (heterogeneous) P2P network of interacting brokerage platforms for learning resources.
Blockade of PD-1/B7-H1 Interaction Restores Effector CD8+ T Cell Responses in a Hepatitis C Virus Core Murine Model (2008)

The impaired function of CD8(+) T cells is characteristic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistent infection. HCV core protein has been reported to inhibit CD8(+) T cell responses. To determine the mechanism of the HCV core in suppressing Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, we generated a transgenic mouse, core(+) mice, where the expression of core protein is directed to the liver using the albumin promoter. Using a recombinant adenovirus to deliver Ag, we demonstrated that core(+) mice failed to clear adenovirus-LacZ (Ad-LacZ) infection in the liver. The effector function of LacZ-specific CD8(+) T cells was particularly impaired in the livers of core(+) mice, with suppression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and granzyme B production by CD8(+) T cells. In addition, the impaired CD8(+) T cell responses in core(+) mice were accompanied by the enhanced expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) by LacZ-specific CD8(+) T cells and its ligand B7-H1 on liver dendritic cells following Ad-LacZ infection. Importantly, blockade of the PD-1/B7-H1 inhibitory pathway (using a B7-H1 blocking antibody) in core(+) mice enhanced effector function of CD8(+) T cells and cleared Ad-LacZ-infection as compared with that in mice treated with control Ab. This suggests that the regulation of the PD-1/B7-H1 inhibitory pathway is crucial for HCV core-mediated impaired T cell responses and viral persistence in the liver. This also suggests that manipulation of the PD-1/B7-H1 pathway may be a potential immunotherapy to enhance effector T cell responses during persistent HCV infection.
Reversible and Selective O<sub>2</sub> Binding Using a New Thermoresponsive Cobalt(II)-Based Ionic Liquid (2015)

A new cobalt(II)-based metal-containing ionic liquid (MCIL), 1, has been prepared that reversibly and selectively absorbs O2 with an associated colorimetric change. This MCIL was impregnated into a porous PTFE polymer support, and the resulting supported membranes show higher O2 sorption over N2 with increasing loading levels of 1. The O2/N2 selectivity of these 1-impregnated membranes was determined to be as high as 26 ± 8 at 25 °C when ∼0.9 bar of feed gas pressure was applied. The absorbed O2 can be removed by moderate heating of the samples from 25 °C to 60 °C in vacuo. The high level of O2 sorption in these 1-impregnated membranes was maintained for at least five successive sorption/desorption cycles.
Privacy in Genetics Research (1999)

Rapid advances in genetics research and the emerging applications to medical practice have heightened public awareness and public concerns about who will have access to this information and how it will be used. In addition to concerns about the privacy of genetic information maintained in medical records, however, is the concern about the privacy of genetics information maintained in experimental research records. This article presents the National Action Plan on Breast Cancer (NAPBC) recommendations to protect the privacy of experimental genetics research records.
High performance polymers and composites (1991)

Acetal Resins Carbon Fibres Compatibility Composites Composites, Fabrication Composites, Testing Electrically Conductive Polymers Engineering Plastics Epoxy Resins Fibres, Engineering Heat-Resistant Polymers High Modulus Polymers Liquid Crystalline Polymers Optical Data Storage Polyamides, Aromatic Polyamides, Plastics Polyarylene sulfides Polybenzothiazoles and Polybenzoxazoles Polycarbonates Polyesters, Mainchain Aromatic Polyesters, Thermoplastic Polyetheretherketones Polyimides Polymer Blends Polyphenylene ether Polyquinolines Polyquinoxalines Polysulfones Ultimate Properties.
TWEAK-Independent Fn14 Self-Association and NF-κB Activation Is Mediated by the C-Terminal Region of the Fn14 Cytoplasmic Domain (2013)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokine implicated in physiological tissue regeneration and wound repair. TWEAK binds to a 102-amino acid type I transmembrane cell surface receptor named fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14). TWEAK:Fn14 engagement activates several intracellular signaling cascades, including the NF-κB pathway, and sustained Fn14 signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Although several groups are developing TWEAK- or Fn14-targeted agents for therapeutic use, much more basic science research is required before we fully understand the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling axis. For example, we and others have proposed that TWEAK-independent Fn14 signaling may occur in cells when Fn14 levels are highly elevated, but this idea has never been tested directly. In this report, we first demonstrate TWEAK-independent Fn14 signaling by showing that an Fn14 deletion mutant that is unable to bind TWEAK can activate the NF-κB pathway in transfected cells. We then show that ectopically-expressed, cell surface-localized Fn14 can self-associate into Fn14 dimers, and we show that Fn14 self-association is mediated by an 18-aa region within the Fn14 cytoplasmic domain. Endogenously-expressed Fn14 as well as ectopically-overexpressed Fn14 could also be detected in dimeric form when cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Additional experiments revealed that Fn14 dimerization occurs during cell lysis via formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond at cysteine residue 122. These findings provide insight into the Fn14 signaling mechanism and may aid current studies to develop therapeutic agents targeting this small cell surface receptor.
Rapamycin reverses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a mouse model of LEOPARD syndrome–associated PTPN11 mutation (2011)

LEOPARD syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant "RASopathy" that manifests with congenital heart disease. Nearly all cases of LS are caused by catalytically inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) gene that encodes the SH2 domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP2). RASopathies typically affect components of the RAS/MAPK pathway, yet it remains unclear how PTPN11 mutations alter cellular signaling to produce LS phenotypes. We therefore generated knockin mice harboring the Ptpn11 mutation Y279C, one of the most common LS alleles. Ptpn11(Y279C/+) (LS/+) mice recapitulated the human disorder, with short stature, craniofacial dysmorphia, and morphologic, histologic, echocardiographic, and molecular evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Heart and/or cardiomyocyte lysates from LS/+ mice showed enhanced binding of Shp2 to Irs1, decreased Shp2 catalytic activity, and abrogated agonist-evoked Erk/Mapk signaling. LS/+ mice also exhibited increased basal and agonist-induced Akt and mTor activity. The cardiac defects in LS/+ mice were completely reversed by treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR. Our results demonstrate that LS mutations have dominant-negative effects in vivo, identify enhanced mTOR activity as critical for causing LS-associated HCM, and suggest that TOR inhibitors be considered for treatment of HCM in LS patients.
High tPA-expression in primary melanoma of the limb correlates with good prognosis (2000)

To investigate whether the course of primary melanoma disease correlates with expression of the various components of the proteolytic plasminogen activation (PA) system, immunohistochemical stainings for activators of plasminogen (tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (uPA)), inhibitors of plasminogen activation (type 1 (PAI-1) and type 2 (PAI-2)) and the receptor for uPA (uPAR) were performed on 214 routinely processed melanoma lesions. All lesions were primary cutaneous melanomas, minimally 1.5 mm thick, and derived from patients with only local disease at the moment of diagnosis (clinically stage II (T(3-4)N(0)M(0)), American Joint Committee on Cancer). Median patient follow-up was 6.1 years. Single variables as immunohistochemical staining results (extent of tumour cell staining, pattern of tumour cell staining and for some components also staining of stromal cells), histopathological and clinical parameters as well as treatment variables were analysed in order to assess their prognostic importance, in terms of time to recurrence, time to distant metastasis and duration of survival. The extent of tPA tumour cell positivity, categorized as 0-5%, 6-50% and 51-100%, appeared to be of importance for these end-points. Lesions with 51-100% tPA-positive tumour cells were found to have the best prognosis, whereas lesions with 6-50% tPA-positive tumour cells had the worst. Moreover, the prognostic significance of Breslow thickness, microscopic ulceration and sex was confirmed in this study. Multivariate analyses, incorporating these relevant factors, showed that the extent of tPA tumour cell positivity was an independent prognostic factor for distant metastasis-free interval (P = 0.012) and for the duration of survival (P = 0.043).
Performance analysis of dual-mode selective repeat ARQ mechanism in fading channel environments (2003)

In this paper, we propose DSR (dual-mode selective repeat) ARQ which performs error recovery based on a retransmission mechanism in fading channel environments. The DSR mechanism supports two different modes such as normal transmission and recovery mode. When transmission buffers are full due to waiting packets, the sender performs duplicate retransmission for the first frame of the transmission buffer. From performance analysis for data transmission, the DSR mechanism shows better performance than the conventional SR mechanism in fading channel environments.
Ironless and Leakage Free Voice-Coil Motor Made of Bonded Magnets (2008)

This paper reminds the drawbacks of classical voice-coil motors and presents a way to improve them. Two ironless and leakage free structures are presented, one using traditional sintered magnets and the other one using bonded magnets, giving the pros and cons of each solution. A 2-D analytical model using the Coulombian approach is used to calculate and compare the performances of both structures. Then, in order to evaluate the relevance of the 2-D model for magnet rings, a comparison is done with a 3-D analytical model for several radii of rings.
Studies on the Prevention of Gas Hydrates Formation in Pipelines Using Potassium Formate as a Thermodynamic Inhibitor (1998)

Abstract Large volumes of methanol and glycol are routinely injected into gas transport pipelines to inhibit the formation of gas hydrates. Preliminary studies have indicated that potassium formate could be a more effective thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitor for use in certain gas transport operations. Potassium lormate is a benign and environmentally-acceptable organic salt which is widely used in the oif fleld industry as a component of drilling and completion fluids. The influence of potassium formate on gas hydrate equilibria has been described in a thermodynamic model which closely fits experimental data generated in a high pressure PVT cell. Economic evaluations suggest that potassium formate is best suited for gas hydrate inhibition applications where inhibitor recovery and regeneration are practised, and where contamination of both the transported hydrocarbon and the local environment must be minimised. P. 497
Effects of 95% integral vs. FWHM bandwidth specifications on lithographic imaging (2001)

Bandwidth of a laser spectrum is generally specified in terms of the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) metric. Another bandwidth specification is based on the 95% integral energy (E95%) of the spectrum. While providing a more complete information about the spectral shape, E95% bandwidth is very sensitive to small changes in spectral background intensity. In this work, both bandwidth specifications and their effects on aerial image properties are evaluated using computer simulations. Also, in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of illumination spectrum effects on lithographic imaging, aerial image sensitivity to the shift of central wavelength and to the change of spectral background intensity is investigated. Results show that the overall shape of the laser spectrum is critically important, and that the E95% metric is more suitable for bandwidth specification.
Tools for Searching, Annotation and Analysis of Speech, Music, Film and Video A Survey (2007)

This article examines the actual and potential use of software tools in research in the arts and humanities focusing on audiovisual (AV) materials such as recorded speech, music, video and film. The quantity of such materials available to researchers is massive and rapidly expanding. Researchers need to locate the material of interest in the vast quantity available, and to organize and process the material once collected. Locating and organizing often depend on metadata and tags to describe the actual content, but standards for metadata for AV materials are not widely adopted. Content-based search is becoming possible for speech, but is still beyond the horizon for music, and even more distant for video. Copyright protection hampers research with AV materials, and Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems threaten to prevent research altogether. Once material has been located and accessed, much research proceeds by annotation, for which many tools exist. Many researchers make some kind of transcription of materials, and would value tools to automate this process. Such tools exist for speech, though with important limits to their accuracy and applicability. For music and video, researchers can make use of visualizations. A better understanding (in general terms) by researchers of the processes carried out by computer software and of the limitations of its results would lead to more effective use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
Rodent Test of Attention and Impulsivity: The 5‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (2017)

The 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) is employed extensively to measure attention in rodents. The assay involves animals trained to respond to a brief, unpredictable visual stimulus presented in one of five locations. The effects of experimental manipulations on response speed and choice accuracy are measured, and each related to attentional performance. The 5-CSRTT is also used to measure motor impulsivity. Adapted from a human task, the 5-CSRTT can be employed with rodents or primates, highlighting its translational value. Another strength of this procedure is its adaptability to task modification. An example is the 5-choice continuous performance task, which has both target and non-target trial types. Overall, the 5-CSRTT has proven to be valuable for drug discovery efforts aimed at identifying new agents for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and for further understanding the neurobiological processes of attention and impulsivity. Its flexibility offers considerable scope to the experimenter, and in this respect the task continues to evolve. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.