gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, structure, and properties of the PTT/SGF composites (2008)

Abstract Short glass fiber reinforced poly(trimethylene terephthalate) composites (PTT/SGF) were prepared by twin screw extruder. The structural feature and physical properties of these composites were studied by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, thermalgravimetric analyzer, capillary rheometer, universal tester, etc. The glass fiber was modified by the silane coupling agent before being blended with the polymer. The results suggest that there is strong interaction between SGF and PTT matrix, which leads to an increasing on the tensile strength, Young's modulus, impact strength and thermal stability of the composites with proper contents of SGF. Rheological behavior of the PTT/SGF composites melt is complicated, combining a dilate fluid at lower shear rate and a pseudo‐plastic fluid at higher shear rate. The melt apparent viscosity of composites decreases with increasing SGF content because of the rigid fibers improving the flow of the melt. Moreover, the flow activation energy of the composites suggests that the melt with more SGF has lower sensitivity to the processing temperature. In conclusion, the composite with 10–20 wt% content of SGF has better properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Algorithms for estimating mean vehicle speed using uncalibrated traffic management cameras (2003)

In this thesis we contribute a variety of algorithms for a space mean speed sensor that processes digital video of a road captured by an uncalibrated camera. We introduce a simplified model of the camera and the road scene and derive three camera calibration methods. For each of these methods, we perform a sensitivity analysis and determine the range of operation for the camera, assuming realistic levels of input noise. 
The three calibration methods rely on estimates of multiple parameters from the set of images, e.g., the road boundary lines and their vanishing point. We describe how to extract features from the images to estimate these parameters and their confidence intervals. 
On occasion, a given scene is impossible to analyze due to obstructions between the camera and the road (e.g., raindrops on the camera lens). We describe an algorithm to determine if the image features are unreliable. 
Assuming the camera has been calibrated and the vehicle lanes have been identified, we present a method to track a group of vehicles in a lane and estimate the mean speed using a cross-correlation technique. The algorithm is appropriate for building a sensor with fine time resolution (i.e., 200 ms); 20-second averages are shown to be equivalent to data from two different inductance loops. The results for several test cases show that the speed estimation method performs well under a variety of challenging weather, lighting, and traffic conditions. 
Finally, we analyze the computational requirements of the set of algorithms and conclude that a mediaprocessor-based system should achieve real-time operation on 320 x 240 images sampled at 5 Hz.
Adaptive generic learning for face recognition from a single sample per person (2010)

Real-world face recognition systems often have to face the single sample per person (SSPP) problem, that is, only a single training sample for each person is enrolled in the database. In this case, many of the popular face recognition methods fail to work well due to the inability to learn the discriminatory information specific to the persons to be identified. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose an Adaptive Generic Learning (AGL) method, which adapts a generic discriminant model to better distinguish the persons with single face sample. As a specific implementation of the AGL, a Coupled Linear Representation (CLR) algorithm is proposed to infer, based on the generic training set, the within-class scatter matrix and the class mean of each person given its single enrolled sample. Thus, the traditional Fisher's Linear Discriminant (FLD) can be applied to SSPP task. Experiments on the FERET and a challenging passport face database show that the proposed method can achieve better results compared with other common solutions to the SSPP problem.
Forecasting football results and the efficiency of fixed‐odds betting (2004)

Abstract An ordered probit regression model estimated using 10 years' data is used to forecast English league football match results. As well as past match results data, the significance of the match for end‐of‐season league outcomes, the involvement of the teams in cup competition and the geographical distance between the two teams' home towns all contribute to the forecasting model's performance. The model is used to test the weak‐form efficiency of prices in the fixed‐odds betting market. A strategy of selecting end‐of‐season bets with a favourable expected return according to the model appears capable of generating a positive return. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal modulator array for analyte modulation and comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (2003)

Abstract Segmented thermal modulators were fabricated for the modulation of column effluent in one‐dimensional gas chromatography, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography, and as sample introduction devices in other analytical techniques. Thermal desorption of analytes from the modulator was achieved by computer‐controlled application of large DC currents at low voltages sequentially to consecutive segments or stages of the modulator heaters for periods between 100 and 400 ms per segment. This procedure produced sharply focussed analyte peaks. Unsegmented heaters and heaters having 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 segments or stages were compared with respect to their focusing efficiency. The 10‐stage heater was found to give sharper focusing than heaters with a smaller number of segments. Analyte pulses with peak widths at half‐height of ca. 150 ms were generated by the 10‐stage heater. The application of a 10‐stage modulator in a comprehensive two‐dimensional analysis of a light petroleum condensate gave results of acceptable quality.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma: adipose- predominant expression and induction early in adipocyte differentiation (1994)

Activators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) regulate fatty acid metabolism and can induce adipocyte differentiation. We show here that the gamma subtype of PPAR is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue in contrast to a variety of other tissues, where little gene expression was noted. In addition, PPAR gamma is present at low levels in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and is induced dramatically during adipocyte conversion using either normal differentiating conditions (fetal calf serum, dexamethasone, isobutyl-methylxanthine, and insulin) or the PPAR activator, WY-14,643. Thus PPAR gamma may be important for adipose cell development and function.
Action Profile of Cobalt(III)-Insulin: A Novel Principle of Protraction of Potential Use for Basal Insulin Delivery (1995)

The Co(3+)-insulin hexamer is an extraordinary stable insulin hexamer that has no affinity for the insulin receptor per se but is converted into active insulin in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the action profile of Co(3+)-insulin after subcutaneous injection into nondiabetic pigs and showed that the Co(3+)-hexamer does not dissociate before absorption. After absorption, Co(3+)-insulin is accumulated in the bloodstream because the complex is distributed and eliminated more slowly than human insulin. The degree of protraction of Co(3+)-insulin is similar to that of NPH insulin when evaluated in an euglycemic glucose clamp. We suggest that the long plasma half-life and a gradual in vivo activation contribute to prolong the effect of Co(3+)-insulin. The Co(3+)-insulin hexamer provides a novel principle of protraction of potential use for basal insulin delivery to the diabetic patient.
Mice with a Severe Deficiency of the Endothelial Protein C Receptor Gene Develop, Survive, and Reproduce Normally, and Do not Present with Enhanced Arterial Thrombosis after Challenge (2002)

Summary The endothelial cell Protein C receptor (EPCR) functions to enhance activation of anticoagulant Protein C (PC) by the thrombin/ thrombomodulin (Tm) complex on the surface of the endothelium. This overall system functions in anticoagulation, profibrinolytic, and antiinflammatory responses. Mice with a severe targeted deficiency of this receptor have been generated by integration of exogenous DNA elements into the 5’-untranslated region of the EPCR gene. Despite the retention of the entire endogenous EPCR coding sequence in the altered EPCR gene locus, only very low EPCR message contents were detected in mice by quantitative RT-PCR during embryogenesis and up to at least early adulthood. Immunohistochemical analysis of various regions of the arterial tree of mice up to 4 months of age, employing an anti-murine EPCR antibody, confirmed that undetectable levels of this protein were present in arterial regions during these periods. Despite this, these mice are not more prone to arterial thrombosis after challenge in a FeCl3 carotid artery thrombosis model. Small amounts (<10% of wild-type) of this protein were found in other tissues. Matings of mice homozygous for this deficiency led to normal births and survival of the offspring, in contrast to results by others demonstrating early embryonic lethality of a total EPCR deficiency. These data further show that minimal levels of EPCR are able to support male and female virility, as well as embryonic development, birth, and survival to adulthood.
Li<sub>2</sub>CaSi<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>SrSi<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub> – a Synthetic Approach to Three‐Dimensional Lithium Nitridosilicates (2010)

Abstract The quaternary lithium alkaline earth nitridosilicatesLi 2 MSi 2 N 4 with M = Ca, Sr were synthesized at 900 °C by employment of liquid lithium as fluxing agent in weld shut tantalum ampoules. The title compounds crystallize in space group Pa $\bar {3}$ [Li 2 CaSi 2 N 4 : a = 1056.9(12) pm, Z = 12, R 1 = 0.0439, wR 2 = 0.0839, 412 data, 42 parameters; Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 : a = 1071.37(12) pm, Z = 12, R 1 = 0.0476, wR 2 = 0.1227, 528 data, 42 parameters]. The structure is built up from vertex sharing [SiN 4 ] tetrahedra forming a three‐dimensional network comprising the alkaline earth and lithium ions in the voids. The network is the first example of a nitridosilicate adopting topology of Net 39 according to O'Keeffe. The two crystallographically independent M 2+ sites are highly symmetrically coordinated by six nitrogen atoms. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical compositions. 7 Li and 29 Si solid‐state MAS NMR spectra of Li 2 SrSi 2 N 4 are reported. Electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) elucidates further information upon the lithium incorporation.
A Novel Control Scheme for Current-Controlled PWM Inverters (1986)

A high-performance current-controlled inverter must have a quick current response in transient state and low harmonic current content in steady state. However, in general, these requirements contradict each other. A novel control scheme is proposed which is based on the current deviation vector and satisfies both requirements. Experimental results showed good agreement with the anticipated performance.
Receptor-binding, tyrosine phosphorylation and chromosome localization of the mouse SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp. (1994)

The murine phosphotyrosine phosphatase, Syp, is a widely-expressed cytoplasmic enzyme that contains two SH2 domains. Syp is physically associated with activated receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), apparently through its SH2 domains. This phosphatase is rapidly phosphorylated in cells treated with PDGF or EGF, and is constitutively phosphorylated in v-src transformed cells. Here we report that either the N-terminal or C-terminal Syp SH2 domain alone bound to the activated beta PDGF receptor or EGF-receptor in vitro, and that the two SH2 domains linked together exhibited synergistic binding. Substitution of the Tyr1009 autophosphorylation site in the C-terminal tail of activated beta PDGFR with Phe abolished the in vitro binding of either SH2 domain to the activated receptor. A 9 amino acid phosphopeptide corresponding to the Tyr1009 autophosphorylation site of the beta PDGFR inhibited association of the Syp SH2 domains with the receptor. These results indicate that the Syp SH2 domains have an intrinsic specificity for the Tyr1009 autophosphorylation site of the beta PDGFR that dictates binding of the intact Syp phosphatase, and suggest that both SH2 domains have a related binding specificity. Phosphoamino acid analysis of Syp from PDGF-stimulated cells indicated that PDGF primarily induces Syp phosphorylation on tyrosine residues. The mouse Syp gene has been mapped to chromosome 5F region by the fluorescence in situ hybridization. These findings suggest specific functions for Syp in signal transduction downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases.
Direct visualization of the slow pathway using voltage gradient mapping: a novel approach for successful ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (2011)

Voltage gradient mapping can assist in visualization of the slow pathway. Ablation of the associated low-voltage bridge results in loss of slow pathway function and significant changes in the post-ablation voltage map. We conclude that voltage gradient mapping offers the ability to target the slow pathway for successful ablation.
A novel laser desorption/ionization method using through hole porous alumina membranes (2018)

The feasibility study indicates that the through hole porous alumina membranes have several advantages in terms of usefulness over the conventional surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) methods. The proposed novel ionization method is termed Desorption Ionization Using Through Hole Alumina Membrane (DIUTHAME).
Text-to-text semantic similarity for automatic short answer grading (2009)

In this paper, we explore unsupervised techniques for the task of automatic short answer grading. We compare a number of knowledge-based and corpus-based measures of text similarity, evaluate the effect of domain and size on the corpus-based measures, and also introduce a novel technique to improve the performance of the system by integrating automatic feedback from the student answers. Overall, our system significantly and consistently outperforms other unsupervised methods for short answer grading that have been proposed in the past.
Sensory-Spatial Transformations in the Left Posterior Parietal Cortex May Contribute to Reach Timing (2010)

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) contains viewer-centered spatial maps important for reaching movements. It is known that spatial reaching deficits emerge when this region is damaged, yet less is known about temporal deficits that may also emerge because of a failure in sensory-spatial transformations. This work introduces a new geometric measure to quantify multimodal sensory transformation and integration deficits affecting the tempo of reaching trajectories that are induced by injury to the left PPC. Erratic rates of positional change involving faulty maps from rotational angular displacements to translational linear displacements contributed to temporal abnormalities in the reach. Such disruptions were quantified with a time-invariant geometric measure. This measure, paired with an experimental paradigm that manipulated the source of visual guidance for reaches, was used to compare the performance of normal controls to those from a patient (T.R.) who had a lesion in his left-PPC. For controls, the source of visual guidance significantly scaled the tempo of target-directed reaches but did not change the geometric measure. This was not the case in patient T.R., who altered this measure. With continuous, extrapersonal visual feedback of the target, however, these abnormalities improved. Vision of the target rather than vision of his moving hand also improved his arm-joint rotations for posture control. These results show that the left PPC is critically important for visuo-motor transformations that specifically rely on extrapersonal cues to align rotational-arm and linear-hand displacements and to continuously integrate their rates of change. The intactness of this system contributes to the fluidity of the reach's tempo.
Choosing the right target: Relative preferences for resource similarity and complementarity in acquisition choice (2015)

Research summary : Corporate acquisition is a popular strategic option for firms seeking new resources. However, little research exists on the question of why one firm is chosen over another. We develop a model relating characteristics of similarity and complementarity between acquirers' and target firms' key resources, including their products and R&D pipelines, to the likelihood of the acquirers choosing a particular firm. We construct measures of similarity and complementarity between and across products and R&D pipelines, and test their effects using a novel application of the choice model. Findings reveal that acquirers view similarity and complementarity differently, based on the resource they are comparing. When making comparisons to their own R&D pipelines, acquirers prefer similarity over complementarity whereas when making comparisons to their product portfolios, they prefer complementarity over similarity. Managerial summary : Corporate acquisition is a popular way for firms to grow and obtain innovative resources. However, we know little about why acquirers choose one firm over another. We capture the influence of similarity and complementarity between acquirers' and target firms' products (current innovative value) and R&D pipelines (future innovative value) on whether a particular target firm is acquired. Insights from the pharmaceutical industry reveal that acquirers value similarity and complementarity in target firms differently, based on whether the comparison being made is with respect to their products or their R&D pipelines. Regarding their R&D pipelines, acquirers prefer that the target firm has similar, rather than complementary, resources. However, the opposite is true concerning their own products: acquirers prefer that the target firm has complementary, versus similar, resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of acne vulgaris comparing two similar lotion formulations, one with (‘Actinac’) and one without chloramphenicol (1980)

A double-blind, randomized study was carried out in 37 patients with acne vulgaris to compare the efficacy of two similar lotion formulations, one with ('Actinac') and the other without chloramphenicol (4%). Patients used one or other of the two formulations twice daily for the first 4 days and then at night only for the remainder of the 3-month trial period. At the end of the first month's treatment, the group treated with the full formulation showed a statistically significant greater reduction in lesion count score than in the group receiving the formulation without chloramphenicol. Both treatments produced statistically significant reductions in lesion counts at all monthly follow-up visits. After 3-months' treatment, the mean lesion count score was reduced from 28.8 to 9.3 in the full formulation-treated group and from 39.5 to 14.3 in the formulation minus chloramphenicol group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Surface chemical modification of natural cellulose fibers (2001)

Abstract Simple esterification and etherification reactions were applied to steam‐exploded Flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) with the aim of changing the surface properties through modification of fiber surface chemistry. Native and chemically modified cellulose fibers were characterized in terms of thermal stability, surface chemistry, morphology, and crystal structure. Independent of the substituent nature, chemically modified fibers exhibited a thermal stability comparable to that of native cellulose. Introduction of the desired chemical groups at the fiber surface was demonstrated by TOF‐SIMS analysis, whereas FTIR showed that the substitution reaction involved only a small fraction of the cellulose hydroxyls. No change of the native crystalline structure of cellulose fibers was caused by chemical modification, except in the case where ether substitution was carried out in water‐isopropanol medium. Cellulose fibers with unchanged structure and morphology and carrying at the surface the desired chemical groups were obtained for reinforcing applications in polymer composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 38–45, 2002
Structural and functional analysis of emergency departments in Amman, Jordan: implications for future development (2020)

This study investigates the current state of emergency healthcare delivery in Amman, Jordan. The first of its kind, the study uses a cross-sectional questionnaire, distributed to 40 hospitals in Amman, in order to assess the accessibility of equipment and medication, as well as the structure and function of emergency departments. Results indicate that although emergency departments in Amman are generally well equipped according to World Health Organization guidelines, variability in departmental processes and available equipment as well as staffing, training and overcrowding remain significant challenges. Discussion revealed that many physicians felt that improvements in staff training would improve the delivery of emergency care. Overcrowding of emergency departments and unnecessary use by low acuity patients also interferes with delivery of appropriate care to critical patients and may drive up healthcare costs. Respondents discussed the need for the development of a formal trauma unit, priority triage screening for critical patients and pre-hospital care and coordination. Further studies are needed to explore these and other aspects of emergency care in Jordan.
Wind Speed and Direction Detection by Means of Solid-state Anemometers Embedded on Small Quadcopters (2016)

This work describes the application of a compact, MEMS-based, 2D anemometer to the estimation of a quadrotor's airspeed. Correcting for the vehicle's ground speed provided by internal GPS and inertial units allows this low cost, mobile platform to provide local wind speed estimates. A series of initial, bench-top tests were performed to characterize and calibrate the sensor, which is an improved version of a recently proposed and novel device. Additional full-scale wind tunnel experiments were performed with the sensor mounted on a fixed quadrotor to test the effect of the propellers on the sensor's performance.
Regulation of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 expression in human and mice by vascular adhesion protein 1 amine oxidase activity (2010)

Activation of VAP-1/SSAO enzymatic activity by MA, a constituent of food and cigarette smoke, induces the expression of MAdCAM-1 in hepatic vessels and results in the enhanced recruitment of mucosal effector lymphocytes to the liver. This could be an important mechanism underlying the hepatic complications of IBD.