gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A kernel-based supervised classifier for the analysis of hyperspectral data (2004)

In this study a supervised classifier based on the kernel implementation of the Bayes rule is introduced. The proposed technique first suggests an implicit nonlinear transformation of the data into a feature space and then seeks to fit normal distributions having a common covariance matrix onto the mapped data. The use of kernel concept in this process gives us the flexibility required to model complex data structures that originate from a wide-range of class conditional distributions. Although the decision boundaries in the new feature space are piece-wise linear, these corresponds to powerful nonlinear boundaries in the original input space. For the data we considered we have obtained some encouraging results.
The rapid synthesis of organic compounds in microwave ovens (1988)

This work demonstrates that organic compounds can be synthesized up to 1240 times faster in sealed Teflon vessels in a microwave oven than by conventional (reflux) techniques. It is shown that all polar molecules absorb microwave energy rapidly and that the rate of energy absorption varies with the dielectric constant. The rates of reaction of polar molecules in nonpolar solvents are not increased appreciably by the microwave method. Also, the homogeneity of the reaction does not affect the rate enhancement. The rate enhancement arises predominantly because the oven superheats the solvent rapidly. Finally, pressure (temperature) measurements have shown that the maximum rate enhancement is achieved when the proper power level and volume of solvent are used. It appears that rate enhancements of approximately 200 are possible for many reactions if the reaction conditions are optimized.
Laboratory Manual of Explosive Chemistry (Olsen, Allen L.; Greene, John W.) (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTLaboratory Manual of Explosive Chemistry (Olsen, Allen L.; Greene, John W.)Tenney L. Davis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1944, 21, 2, 103Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1944Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1944Published inissue 1 February 1944https://doi.org/10.1021/ed021p103.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1018 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Measuring ψ″→ρπ in e+e− experiment (2003)

In S- and D-wave mixing scheme, the branching ratio of ψ″→ρπ is estimated. Together with the continuum cross section of ρπ estimated by form factor, the observed cross section of ρπ production at ψ″ in e+e− experiment is calculated taking into account the interference effect between the resonance and continuum amplitudes and the initial state radiative correction. The behavior of the cross section reveals that the disappearance of ρπ signal just indicates the existence of the corresponding branching ratio Bψ″→ρπ at the order of 10−4.
Currents and fields of thin conductors in rf saddle coils (1986)

The current distribution on thin conductors and rf field homogeneity for rf coils is described theoretically. After a pedagogical introduction to the techniques and an exact solution for the current or an isolated strip conductor, this article describes current distribution and field uniformity for a variety of conventional and quadrature rf coil designs.
The effect of carbon dioxide on bacteria growth (1933)

Abstract The first systematic investigation on the influence of carbon dioxide on micro-organisms was carried ont, by Fränkel (1889) who corrected and correlated a number of earlier observations. Many papers have since been published on this subject and a number of these are reviewed in the discussion, p. 211. In a previous paper (Coyne, 1932) preliminary observations regarding the influence of carbon dioxide on the growth of bacteria were reported. The majority of the organisms examined showed marked inhibition of growth in presence of carbon dioxide. These results, which were obtained by incubation of cultures at 14°-18°. For 4 days, have now been extended and the effect of various proportions of carbon dioxide (5 per cent. to 100 per cent.) at different temperature has been investigated over considerable periods. In addition, the statement that the effect cannot be attributed solely to the ph of the medium has been amply confirmed by further experiments.
Control of communication networks: welfare maximization and multipath transfers (2008)

We discuss control strategies for communication networks such as the Internet. We advocate the goal of welfare maximization as a paradigm for network resource allocation. We explore the application of this paradigm to the case of parallel network paths. We show that welfare maximization requires active balancing across paths by data sources, and potentially requires implementation of novel transport protocols. However, the only requirement from the underlying 'network layer' is to expose the marginal congestion cost of network paths to the 'transport layer'. We further illustrate the versatility of the corresponding layered architecture by describing transport protocols with the following properties: they welfare maximization, each communication may use an arbitrary collection of paths, where paths may be from an overlay, and paths may be combined in series and parallel. We conclude by commenting on incentives, pricing and open problems.
Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. (2000)

Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes lowers triglycerides, raises LDL cholesterol, and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with hard clinical end points are needed.
A real-time photo-realistic visual flythrough (1996)

In this paper we present a comprehensive flythrough system which generates photo-realistic images in true real-time. The high performance is due to an innovative rendering algorithm based on a discrete ray casting approach, accelerated by ray coherence and multiresolution traversal. The terrain as well as the 3D objects are represented by a textured mapped voxel-based model. The system is based on a pure software algorithm and is thus portable. It was first implemented on a workstation and then ported to a general-purpose parallel architecture to achieve real-time performance.
On the Reaction of 1,3-Dichloro-2-azoniaallene Salts with Olefins and Diphenylacetylene (1994)

1,3-Diaryl-1,3-dichloro-2-azoniaallene salts 1 react with di-, tri- and tetraalkyl and aryl substituted olefins to form new types of 2-azonia-allene salts 4, a 4-azapentadienyl salt 5e or pyridinium salts 8, respectively. The cycloaddition of olefins to 1,3-dichloro substituted 2-azoniaallene ions proceeds stepwise via carbocations. An X-ray structural analysis of the cycloadduct of 1 with norbornene is presented. With diphenylacetylene, compounds 1 react to give 11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolinium salts 12. The free bases are generated from the hexachloroantimonates by treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Practical Synthesis of Cyclic Bis(3′–5′)diadenylic Acid (<i>c</i>-di-AMP) (2011)

Abstract Cyclic bis(3′–5′)diadenylic acid (c-di-AMP) (Chart 1), recently identified as a second messenger monitoring DNA integrity during sporulation in the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis, was synthesized on an 80 µmol scale by a combination of the phosphoramidite and phosphotriester methods using a commercially available adenosine phosphoramidite as starting material. An artificial analog 2′-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-c-di-AMP was also obtained by our procedure.
Electronic transport in mind model solar cells: collection efficiency in the presence of a-Si/c-Si heterointerfaces (2003)

A continuous amorphized a-Si substructure with sharp a-Si/c-Si heterointerfaces has been inserted in a c-Si wafer by P ion implantation followed by a thermal treatment at 500/spl deg/C. A simulation of the band structure taking into account the differences between the two Si phases of the MIND (multi-interface novel device) model solar cell indicates the presence of a high potential barrier blocking the minority carriers generated in the superficial region of the wafer. Consequently, the collection efficiency is deteriorated in the UV. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the causes and results of such a deterioration on the photocurrent is presented.
The Farnesoid X-receptor Is an Essential Regulator of Cholesterol Homeostasis (2003)

To address the importance of the farnesoid X-receptor (FXR; NR1H4) for normal cholesterol homeostasis, we evaluated the major pathways of cholesterol metabolism in the FXR-deficient (-/-) mouse model. Compared with wild-type, FXR(-/-) mice have increased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a markedly reduced rate of plasma HDL cholesterol ester clearance. Concomitantly, FXR(-/-) mice exhibit reduced expression of hepatic genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport, most notably, that for scavenger receptor BI. FXR(-/-) mice also have increased: (i) plasma non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, (ii) apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein synthesis, and (iii) intestinal cholesterol absorption. Surprisingly, biliary cholesterol elimination was increased in FXR(-/-) mice, despite decreased expression of hepatic genes thought to be involved in this process. These data demonstrate that FXR is a critical regulator of normal cholesterol metabolism and that genetic changes affecting FXR function have the potential to be pro-atherogenic.
Suppressive Effects of 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol on Bone Resorption Induced by Acute Bilateral Nephrectomy in Rats (1981)

The possible suppressive effects of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption were investigated in adult rats raised on a diet normal in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, and subjected to acute bilateral nephrectomy. The animals had received subcutaneous radiocalcium 4 wk before the experiment. 5 h after nephrectomy an increase in serum total calcium, (45)Ca-specific activity, citrate, phosphorus, and magnesium concentrations were observed. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone increased, while serum calcitonin decreased. The osteoclast count in the tibial metaphyses was augmented. The biochemical and histological changes observed were partly parathyroid hormone and calcitonin independent, as they also occurred in parathyroidectomized hypocalcemic rats. Pretreatment with 650 pmol of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 16 h before nephrectomy prevented bone calcium mobilization and diminished the rise in serum total calcium and citrate both in parathyroid-intact and in parathyroidectomized animals. In parathyroid-intact rats, serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin remained normal in spite of the fall in serum-ionized calcium, and the number of osteoclasts did not increase. In parathyroidectomized rats, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol did not prevent the postnephrectomy rise in the osteoclast count. This latter observation suggests that this metabolite exerts its effect on bone either by acting on cells other than osteoclasts, i.e., the osteocytes, or by inhibiting cell activity. At equimolar dosage 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol had a potent stimulatory effect on bone resorption. This effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was partly blocked by the simultaneous administration of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The potential clinical significance of these observations remains to be determined.
NOTICES (1979)

Journal Article NOTICES Get access Christianity in Independent Africa. By Richard Gray et ah Pp. 630. London: Rex Collings, 1978. £15.00. MAURICE WILES MAURICE WILES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXX, Issue 2, October 1979, Pages 602-c–603, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXX.2.602-c Published: 01 October 1979
A novel frequency comparator: applications in frequency meters and in difference clocks for generator frequency error monitors (1996)

Conventional methods of frequency measurement count the number of cycles in a given time or the number of clock pulses during one or more periods of the unknown signal. This approach is prone to error from the uncertainties associated with the gating of two signals. A novel comparator is described that eliminates this error. The frequency of an unknown signal is compared cycle for cycle with a reference. The comparator has two outputs; one of these indicates which of the two signals is at a lower (or higher), frequency while the other output is a pulse train with a repetition rate equal to the difference of the two frequencies. Applications of the comparator in difference clocks and in frequency meters are presented.
Circulating immune complexes in patients with advanced tuberculosis and their association with autoantibodies and reduced CD4+ lymphocytes. (1995)

We investigated the presence of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in serum from tuberculosis (TB) patients with different degrees of pulmonary involvement. Patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of lung involvement: mild (N = 9), moderate (N = 12), moderate plus (N = 16), and severe cases (N = 10). A search for CICs by the 3.5% PEG precipitation test showed that the CIC values of patients with the moderate plus or severe form of pulmonary TB were significantly higher compared to healthy controls and to mild and moderate cases (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Further analysis demonstrated that increased CIC levels were associated with increased autoantibody production, since this abnormality was more prevalent in patients with advanced disease (P < 0.01), who also showed a significant reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The immunoregulatory and pathogenetic implications of these findings are discussed.
PAL Color Picture Improvement Using Simple Analog Comb Filters (1978)

Simple comb filters can be used to give better separation of luminance and chrominance in PAL decoders, thereby improving luminance resolution and reducing cross-color and cross-luminance. An important application is to decoders used by broadcasters, but the extra cost compared with a conventional decoder might be made low enough for such devices to be considered for domestic receivers. Cross-color can be reduced by using the principle in coders, and a suitable design is outlined.
Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates Produced from <i>Pseudomonas oleovorans</i> Grown with ω-Phenoxyalkanoates (1996)

Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown solely with 6-phenoxyhexanoate, 8-phenoxyoctanoate, and 11-phenoxyundecanoate were investigated. Weight fractions of PHAs in dry cells were ∼10%, regardless of the carbon substrate used. DSC thermograms of these polymers showed no crystalline melting endotherm. Glass transition temperatures were ∼20 °C, and number-average molecular weights were ∼65 000, with polydispersity indexes of 2.7 for all PHAs. GC/MS analysis showed that 3-hydroxy-5-phenoxypentanoate was the main repeating unit in the PHA produced from 11-phenoxyundecanoate, and 3-hydroxy-4-phenoxybutyrate was the main repeating unit in PHAs produced from 6-phenoxyhexanoate and 8-phenoxyoctanoate.
Investigating the Structural and Functional Consequences of Circular Permutation on Lipase B from <i>Candida Antarctica</i> (2007)

The engineering of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) by circular permutation has yielded over sixty hydrolase variants, and several show significantly improved catalytic performance. Here we report a detailed characterization of ten selected enzyme variants by kinetic and spectroscopic methods to further elucidate the impact of circular permutation on the structure and function of CALB. Our experiments identify lipase variants with up to 175-fold enhanced k(cat)/K(M) values over wild-type. In addition, circular permutation does not change the enzymes' enantiopreference and preserves or even improves their enantioselectivity compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. Finally, our spectroscopic analyses suggest that the structural effects of circular permutation on CALB are mostly local, concentrating on regions near the native and new protein termini. The observed changes in secondary structure and protein thermostability vary among enzyme variants but directly correlate with the locations of the new termini, a first step towards a predictive framework.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Protein Moves along Microtubules and Concentrates at Their Growing Ends in Epithelial Cells (2000)

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein has been shown to be localized near the distal ends of microtubules (MTs) at the edges of migrating cells. We expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fusion proteins with full-length and deletion mutants of Xenopus APC in Xenopus epithelial cells, and observed their dynamic behavior in live cells. During cell spreading and wound healing, GFP-tagged full-length APC was concentrated as granules at the tip regions of cellular extensions. At higher magnification, APC appeared to move along MTs and concentrate as granules at the growing plus ends. When MTs began to shorten, the APC granules dropped off from the MT ends. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that fuzzy structures surrounding MTs were the ultrastructural counterparts for these GFP signals. The COOH-terminal region of APC was targeted to the growing MT ends without forming granular aggregates, and abruptly disappeared when MTs began to shorten. The APC lacking the COOH-terminal region formed granular aggregates that moved along MTs toward their plus ends in an ATP-dependent manner. These findings indicated that APC is a unique MT-associated protein that moves along selected MTs and concentrates at their growing plus ends through their multiple functional domains.
Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism in Bermuda Grass During Water Stress (1966)

The ability of Arizona Common and Coastal Bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to synthesize amino acids and proteins during water stress was investigated. Amino acids were continually synthesized during the water stress treatments, but protein synthesis was inhibited and protein levels decreased.Water stress induced a 10- to 100-fold accumulation of free proline in shoots and a 2- to 6-fold accumulation of free asparagine, both of which are characteristic responses of water-stressed plants. Valine levels increased, and glutamic acid and alanine levels decreased.(14)C labeling experiments showed that free proline turns over more slowly than any other free amino acid during water stress. This proline is readily synthesized and accumulated from glutamic acid. It is suggested that during water stress free proline functions as a storage compound.No significant differences were found in the amino acid and protein metabolism of the 2 varieties of Bermuda grass.
A Multi-branch Mass-spring Model for Virtual Assembly of Cable Harness (2014)

The real-time assembly simulation of cables is challenging due to the complex topology and flexibility of cables. A multi-branch mass-spring model is proposed to deal with the difficulties. In which the tense and bending characteristic of cable could be dealt with and the point connecting cable branches are added to help express cable harness with complex topology. A solution combining control theory and kinematics is presented. In the solution an experiential formula is fitted with the help of control variable method to ensure the cable's length is same and an arithmetic fixing the position of particular mass points is presented to simulate the deformation when cables are bundled up. In collision detection for cable, spherical bounding box is used to build up the collision model of cable, and the more accurate collision point could be got in real time by dividing the collision model into more accurate expression and eliminating redundant collision. A prototype system based on the multi-branch mass-spring model is developed, in which assembly simulation of cable is carried out and the key techniques and presented solution are validated.
Monolayer graphene dispersion and radiative cooling for high power LED (2013)

Molecular fan, a radiative cooling by thin film, has been developed and its application for compact electronic devices has been evaluated. The enhanced surface emissivity and heat dissipation efficiency of the molecular fan coating are shown to correlate with the quantization of lattice modes in active nanomaterials. The highly quantized G and 2D bands in graphene are achieved by our dispersion technique, and then incorporated in an organic-inorganic acrylate emulsion to form a coating assembly on heat sinks (for LED and CPU). This water-based dielectric layer coating has been formulated and applied on metal core printed circuit boards. The heat dissipation efficiency and breakdown voltage are evaluated by a temperature-monitoring system and a high-voltage breakdown tester. The molecular fan coating on heat dissipation units is able to decrease the equilibrium junction temperature by 29.1 ° C, while functioning as a dielectric layer with a high breakdown voltage (>5 kV). The heat dissipation performance of the molecular fan coating applied on LED devices shows that the coated 50 W LED gives an enhanced cooling of 20% at constant light brightness. The schematics of monolayer graphene dispersion, undispersed graphene platelet, and continuous graphene sheet are illustrated and discussed to explain the mechanisms of radiative cooling, radiative/non-radiative, and non-radiative heat re-accumulation.
Four-part valgus impacted fractures of the proximal humerus (1991)

There is a specific type of displaced four-part fracture of the proximal humerus which consists of valgus impaction of the head fragment; this deserves special consideration because the rate of avascular necrosis is lower than that of other displaced four-part fractures. Using either closed reduction or limited open reduction and minimal internal fixation, 74% satisfactory results can be achieved in this injury.