gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockchain for Supply Chain Cybersecurity, Optimization and Compliance (2018)

The U.S. power grid is a complex system of systems that requires a trustworthy, reliable, and secure global supply chain. A formidable challenge considering the increasing number of networked industrial control systems (ICS) and energy delivery systems (EDS) and growing number of intermediary distributors, vendors and integrators involved. Grid modernization has increased the use of “smart” energy devices that automate, digitize, network, and bring together the cyber-physical energy supply chain. In the current Energy Internet of Things (EIoT) environment, the growth of data speed and size requirements as well as the number of critical cyber assets has generated new North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) compliance requirements and cyber supply chain security challenges for vendors, regulators, and utilities. The issuance of Order No. 829 by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) instructed the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to confront cybersecurity supply chain risk management for ICS software and hardware, as well as the networking and computing services associated with Bulk Electric System (BES) operations. To meet these goals, current technology and processes must be improved to better identify, monitor, and audit vulnerable EIoT environments. This paper examines how blockchain technology can enable NERC CIP compliance as well as aid in the security of the BES supply chain through an immutable cryptographically signed distributed ledger that allows for improved data security, provenance and auditability.
pH-Controlled Fluorescent Emission in the Nickel(II) Complex of a Bifunctional Tetramine Macrocycle (2002)

In the Ni(II) complex of a reinforced tetramine macrocycle, equipped with both a sulfonamide pendant arm and a naphthalene fragment, light emission of the fluorophore is pH-controlled, as a result of a change of the geometry of the complex.
10.1016/0967-0653(95)96400-y (2000)

A fluorometric method is described which provides sensitive measurements of extracted chlorophyll a free from the errors associated with conventional acidification techniques. Fluorometric optical configurations were optimized to produce maximum sensitivity to Chl a while maintaining desensitized responses from both Chl b and pheopigments. Under the most extreme Chl b:Chl a ratio likely to occur in nature (1 : 1 molar), the new method results in only a 10% overestimate of the true Chl a value, while estimates from older acidification methods are 2.5-fold low. Under conditions of high pheopigment concentrations (pheo a: Chl a = 1 : 1 molar), the new method provides Chl a estimates that are equivalent to those determined from the acidification technique. The new simple method requires a single fluorescence determination and provides adequate sensitivity for small sample sizes (<200 ml) even in the most oligotrophic marine and freshwater environments.
<i>In Vivo</i> Efficacy of a Human-Simulated Regimen of Ceftaroline Combined with NXL104 against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing and Non-ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (2011)

Ceftaroline exhibits in vitro activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, AmpC-, and KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae when combined with the novel β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a human-simulated regimen of ceftaroline plus NXL104 against Enterobacteriaceae in a murine thigh infection model. Twelve Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested with neutropenic ICR mice. Seven of these isolates were also tested with immunocompetent mice. Doses were given to simulate human free-drug exposures of ceftaroline (600 mg) plus NXL104 (600 mg) every 8 h over 24 h by targeting the percentage of time that free drug concentrations remain above the MIC, ƒT>MIC. The change in log(10) CFU/ml compared with 0 h controls was observed after 24 h. Human-simulated exposures were achieved against all isolates (MICs of ≤0.015 to 1 μg/ml) in both the neutropenic and the immunocompetent host models, which was equivalent to a ƒT>MIC of 100%. A 0.5 to ≥ 2 log CFU reduction was observed in the neutropenic thigh infection model. Furthermore, significantly greater reductions in bacterial density were observed for five of seven isolates studied in an immunocompetent model than in the neutropenic-host model. Regardless of immune status, ceftaroline (600 mg) combined with NXL104 (600 mg) every 8 h provided predictable efficacy against ESBL-, non-ESBL-, and KPC-producing isolates with an MIC of ≤ 1 μg/ml and could be useful in combating the growing threat of resistant Enterobacteriaceae.
Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points (2002)

This paper presents a new approach for watermarking of digital images providing robustness to geometrical distortions. The weaknesses of classical watermarking methods to geometrical distortions are outlined first. Geometrical distortions can be decomposed into two classes: global transformations such as rotations and translations and local transformations such as the StirMark attack. An overview of existing self-synchronizing schemes is then presented. Theses schemes can use periodical properties of the mark, invariant properties of transforms, template insertion, or information provided by the original image to counter geometrical distortions. Thereafter, a new class of watermarking schemes using the image content is presented. We propose an embedding and detection scheme where the mark is bound with a content descriptor defined by salient points. Three different types of feature points are studied and their robustness to geometrical transformations is evaluated to develop an enhanced detector. The embedding of the signature is done by extracting feature points of the image and performing a Delaunay tessellation on the set of points. The mark is embedded using a classical additive scheme inside each triangle of the tessellation. The detection is done using correlation properties on the different triangles. The performance of the presented scheme is evaluated after JPEG compression, geometrical attack and transformations. Results show that the fact that the scheme is robust to these different manipulations. Finally, in our concluding remarks, we analyze the different perspectives of such content-based watermarking scheme.
Controlled genetic modification of stem cells for developing drug discovery tools and novel therapeutic applications. (2008)

Unlike most adult stem cell populations, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can replicate indefinitely in culture while preserving genetic, epigenetic, mitochondrial and functional profiles. In addition, ESCs and some adult stem cell populations are pluripotent or multipotent, so are excellent candidates for introducing targeted genetic modifications in a single population and investigating its effect in different cellular contexts. The ability of human ESCs (hESCs) to self-renew in prolonged culture and the unique advantages that this ability offers for gene therapy or drug discovery, have not attracted as much attention as cell replacement strategies, personalized medicine or other more direct clinical applications. In this review, advances made in vector design and gene insertion in human cells are assessed and novel strategies that might be used to achieve controlled genetic modifications in the setting of hESCs, with a focus on site-specific integration, homologous recombination, transposons and zinc finger nuclease systems, are discussed.
어장이용의 기회비용접근법에 의한 공동소유 어업권의 손실보상금 분배연구 -A어촌계의 미역양식어업권의 취소보상액 분배사례를 중심으로- (2003)

This paper tries to suggest a rational proposal for the distribution of compensation of common property fisheries damages caused by a large scale coastal reclamation. For the purpose the paper introduces the approach of alternative cost of the use of fishing ground. The background of the paper is the legal conflict between tenants and non-tenants, both of whom are common owners of seaweed cultivation ground, in the distribution of compensation for damages. In principal, so far as the seaweed cultivation right is a common property of the fishing association, the compensation is also a common property of it. Therefore the distribution method of the compensation entirely depends on the decision of the association. But in case that the numbers of non-tenants is larger than those of tenants, the distribution of the compensation is usually unfavorable to the tenants even though the latter is the key contributor to the realization of present value of the common property. The paper aims to show an appropriate distribution method based on the economic principle of optimal distribution. In others words, the value added to the economic value of alternative use of the fishing ground should be distributed to the tenants. the value amount of alternative use of the fishing ground should be equally distributed to the members of the association.
<i>In vivo</i> study of an x-ray fluorescence system to detect bone strontium non-invasively (2007)

An x-ray fluorescence (XRF) system using 125I as the source was developed to measure strontium in bone in vivo. As part of an in vivo pilot study, 22 people were measured at two bone sites, namely the index finger and the tibial ankle joint. Ultrasound measurements were used to obtain the soft tissue thickness at each site, which was necessary to correct the signal for tissue attenuation. For all 22 people, the strontium peak was clearly distinguishable from the background, proving that the system is able to measure Sr in vivo in people having normal bone Sr levels. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to test the feasibility and the limitations of using the coherently scattered peak at 35.5 keV as a means to normalize the signal to correct for the bone size and shape. These showed that the accuracy of the normalized Sr signal when comparing different people is about 12%. An interesting result arising from the study is that, in the measured population, significantly higher measurements of bone Sr concentration were observed in continental Asian people, suggesting the possibility of a dietary or race dependence of the bone Sr concentration or a different bone biology between races.
Membrane vesicle formation due to acquired mitoxantrone resistance in human gastric carcinoma cell line EPG85-257. (1990)

A newly established gastric carcinoma cell line (EPG85-257P) exhibited a high sensitivity to mitoxantrone (DHAD) as determined by a monolayer proliferation assay. The concentration to inhibit cell growth to 50% of controls (IC50) was 0.0022 micrograms/ml culture medium. The cells were continuously incubated for more than 4 months in the presence of stepwise increased concentrations of DHAD, and the IC50 was increased to 0.41 micrograms/ml, i.e., 186.4-fold. This resistant variant was named EPG85-257RNOV. The EPG85-257RNOV cells became cross-resistant to Adriamycin with enhanced IC50 by 10.5-fold and to daunomycin with enhanced IC50 by 3.9-fold. No distinct resistance was observed to vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine. Verapamil (10(-6), 4 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) and cyclosporin A (10(-6), 3 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) did not reverse DHAD resistance. As shown by immunocytochemistry (monoclonal antibodies: C219 and JSB-1) and Northern blot analysis, DHAD resistance was not associated with the appearance of the multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated (Mr 170,000) P-glycoprotein or the overexpression of P-glycoprotein mRNA. The data indicate a chemoresistance pattern unlike typical MDR (often called "atypical" MDR). The phenotypes of parent and resistant EPG85-257 cells were compared using interference contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. After DHAD application the following structural characteristics were found to be associated with emergence of resistance: (a) intensive formation of surface vesicles in the resistant variant. Such vesicles were almost absent in sensitive cells; (b) the vesicles contained the selecting DHAD which was visualized by its blue color; and (c) in electron microscopy the vesicles were formed by an inner and an outer double membrane, presumably derived from the plasmalemma. These observations suggest a complex cellular mechanism responsible for DHAD resistance which includes formation of membrane vesicles, vesicular drug binding, and drug compartmentalization.
Immune Regulation and Graft Survival in Kidney Transplant Recipients Are Both Enhanced by Human Leukocyte Antigen Matching (2004)

We hypothesized that donor/recipient sharing of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) involved in allopeptide presentation to the T regulatory cell increases the incidence of immune regulation, thus contributing to long-term graft survival. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 40 living related donor (LRD) and 31 cadaver renal transplant recipients. The trans vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was used to assign patients to regulator, nonregulator, and sensitized categories. In a large cohort (n=1934 patients), primary graft survival and rejection episodes were analyzed using a log rank test for comparison with the DTH results. The highest incidence of regulated anti-donor DTH was observed in the LRD HLA-identical group (6/6; 100%) followed by the LRD HLA 1 haplotype matched group (18/27; 67%). Within the cadaver population, two DR-matched recipients had a higher frequency of regulated anti-donor DTH (6/11; 55%) than 1 & 0 DR-matched recipients (3/18; 17%). In a multivariate model, matching for HLA-DR alone, or for DR plus DQ was significantly (p=0.045, p=0.041) correlated with DTH regulation. The better HLA-matched groups showed the highest incidence of DTH regulation and, in a larger retrospective analysis, displayed better graft survival and freedom from acute rejection (p<0.0001). HLA matching, and HLA-DR matching in particular, correlates with the incidence of immune regulation after kidney transplantation.
Advanced 'green' composites (2007)

Fully biodegradable high strength composites or 'advanced green composites' were fabricated using yearly renewable soy protein based resins and high strength liquid crystalline cellulose fibers. For comparison, E-glass and aramid (Kevlar®) fiber reinforced composites were also prepared using the same modified soy protein resins. The modification of soy protein included forming an interpenetrating network-like (IPN-like) resin with mechanical properties comparable to commonly used epoxy resins. The IPN-like soy protein based resin was further reinforced using nano-clay and microfibrillated cellulose. Fiber/resin interfacial shear strength was characterized using microbond method. Tensile and flexural properties of the composites were characterized as per ASTM standards. A comparison of the tensile and flexural properties of the high strength composites made using the three fibers is presented. The results suggest that these green composites have excellent mechanical properties and can be considered for use in primary structural applications. Although significant additional research is needed in this area, it is clear that advanced green composites will some day replace today's advanced composites made using petroleum based fibers and resins. At the end of their life, the fully sustainable 'advanced green composites' can be easily disposed of or composted without harming the environment, in fact, helping it.
Changes in CNS Levels of Serotonin and Its Metabolite in SART-Stressed (Repeatedly Cold-Stressed) Rats (1991)

Central nervous system levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature)-stressed (repeatedly cold-stressed) rats were examined by HPLC-ECD. In SART-stressed rats, the levels of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA decreased in many brain areas. In the spinal cord, only the 5-HT level decreased. Therefore, the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT increased only in the spinal cord. These results suggest that SART-stressed rats have some form of abnormality in the synthetic system of 5-HT.
Novel and Permanent Measurement of Formation Pore Pressure (2014)

We introduce a novel approach to measure directly the formation pore pressure and temperature during injection and production operations. We analyze a set of acquired data and compare with conventional injection operation data. Through a system identification algorithm, we process the raw data and remove noise from the data. The overall result shows that the novel sensor technology applied provide the direct and reliable measurements of formation pore pressure and temperature.
Matrix2png: a utility for visualizing matrix data (2003)

A simple web interface is available, and Unix binaries are available from http://microarray.cpmc.columbia.edu/matrix2png. Source code is available on request.
Hypoglycemic effects of glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid from licorice, in an animal model of diabetes mellitus (2013)

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of glabridin from licorice in an animal model of diabetes mellitus (DM). Male Kunming mice were used to induce DM using streptozotocin (STZ). After confirmation of the diabetic state, the mice were randomly divided into six groups of 10 animals each: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + low-dose glabridin treatment (DLG) (glabridin, 10 mg/kg), diabetic + medium‑dose glabridin treatment (DMG) (glabridin, 20 mg/kg), diabetic + high-dose glabridin treatment (DHG) (glabridin, 40 mg/kg) and diabetic + glyburide treatment group (DG) (glyburide, 4 mg/kg). Each treatment was continued daily for 28 days, and then body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The data obtained showed that glabridin significantly increased body weight, glucose tolerance and SOD activities in the liver, kidney and pancreas, while decreasing FBG levels and MDA content in the liver, kidney and pancreas. These results demonstrated that glabridin possesses hypoglycemic effects.
Classic Replication Techniques on the Cloud (2012)

The limited scalability of cluster-based databases has motivated a new class of storage systems based on the cloud paradigm, which favor availability over data consistency to provide highly elastic and scalable services. This paper presents a distributed storage architecture that combines a cloud inspired scheme with traditional database replication concepts to provide transactional support as well as high availability by offering different consistency levels according to the demands of client applications, thanks to a replication strategy based on epidemic updates. We also include an analytical model for computing the scale out of a distributed system that can be used for adjusting the configuration of the proposed architecture.
High dynamic direct average torque control for switched reluctance drives (2002)

In switched reluctance machines, no proportionality between torque and phase current exists as in rotating field machines. Therefore, a new technique was developed to estimate online average electromagnetic torque of an SRM drive. This novel average torque and energy-ratio estimation technique can be used for closed-loop torque control. Different control architectures for closed-loop average torque control are analyzed and evaluated in this paper because multiple methods exist to track the average torque by adjusting the control variables (/spl theta//sub on/, /spl theta//sub off/, i/sub ref/). The switched reluctance drive controller used in this study was developed for a 55 kW electric-vehicle traction drive. Hence, the system is controlled by a torque command set by the driver. Experimental results obtained from a 100 kW test bed for traction drives are presented.
Clearance of endotoxin from blood of rabbits injected with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (1986)

This study was undertaken to examine some of the properties of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) with regard to the clearance of endotoxin from blood. The concentration of endotoxin in blood was measured by using a chromogenic limulus test and modified perchloric acid method. When TSST-1, which produces fever in rabbits, was injected (100 ng/ml or 100 micrograms/ml per kg) intravenously (i.v.) into the animals, no measurable level of endotoxin was detected in the blood. In control animals, which were given 5 micrograms of endotoxin per ml per kg i.v., endotoxin could be detected in the blood at rapidly declining levels. These results suggested that TSST-1 might not lead bacterial endotoxin from other body sites into the blood. When the animals were given TSST-1 (1 to 100 ng/ml per kg) i.v. and then endotoxin (5 micrograms/ml per kg) i.v. 4 h later, endotoxin was detected in the blood at a high level, depending on the dose of TSST-1 injected. These results showed that TSST-1 inhibited the clearance of endotoxin in the blood; this clearance is thought to be mainly done by the reticuloendothelial system. In the animals given TSST-1 (100 ng/ml per kg) and endotoxin (5 micrograms/ml per kg) simultaneously, the endotoxin level in the blood was found to be higher than that in control animals given endotoxin only but lower than that in the animals given TSST-1 and then endotoxin at the same doses.
Neural network approach to fault classification for high speed protective relaying (1995)

This paper presents a new approach to fault classification for high speed protective relaying and show its effectiveness in computer simulations on parallel transmission lines. The scheme is based on the use of neural network architecture and implementation of digital signal processing concepts. We begin by classifying several fault types like 1-phase-to-ground, 2-phase-to-ground and 3-phase-to-ground faults. We proceed with classification of arcing and nonarcing faults in order to obtain a successful automatic reclosing. Encouraging results are shown and indicate that this approach can be used for supporting a new generation of very high speed protective relaying systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An adoption of Kerberos to 3G network for mutual authentication: Challenges and evaluations (2008)

Despite its current popularity, mobile communication can carry significant security risks. The authentication and key agreement (AKA) adapted by the third generation (3G) networks aims to strengthen wireless security. This standard provides mutual authentication between the user and the mobile network as well as cipher and integrity key management. However, the AKA is vulnerable to the false base station attack because of a lack of vigorous mutual authentication and a high authentication delay problem. In this paper we present a novel authentication and key agreement mechanism, referred to as the Kerberos-AKA, in order to address such problems in the 3G network. The Kerberos-AKA takes advantages of a ticket in Kerberos. Our analytical results show that the Kerberos-AKA can reduce the authentication delay significantly.
Comparison of Standard Hip MR Arthrographic Imaging Planes and Sequences for Detection of Arthroscopically Proven Labral Tear (2009)

Imaging in the axial oblique plane has the highest rate of detection of acetabular labral tears. More than 95% of tears were identified with the use of three imaging planes. Signal intensity within a tear does not have to be equal to that of gadolinium or fluid to confirm the diagnosis of labral tear.