gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Question selection for crowd entity resolution (2013)

We study the problem of enhancing Entity Resolution (ER) with the help of crowdsourcing. ER is the problem of clustering records that refer to the same real-world entity and can be an extremely difficult process for computer algorithms alone. For example, figuring out which images refer to the same person can be a hard task for computers, but an easy one for humans. We study the problem of resolving records with crowdsourcing where we ask questions to humans in order to guide ER into producing accurate results. Since human work is costly, our goal is to ask as few questions as possible. We propose a probabilistic framework for ER that can be used to estimate how much ER accuracy we obtain by asking each question and select the best question with the highest expected accuracy. Computing the expected accuracy is #P-hard, so we propose approximation techniques for efficient computation. We evaluate our best question algorithms on real and synthetic datasets and demonstrate how we can obtain high ER accuracy while significantly reducing the number of questions asked to humans.
FAS GENE MUTATION IN THE PROGRESSION OF ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA. (1999)

SP-14 Fas antigen (CD95) is an apoptosis-signaling cell surface receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells express Fas antigen and show apoptosis after treatment with an anti-Fas monoclonal antibody. We established the ATL cell line, KOB, which showed resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and found that KOB expressed two forms of Fas mRNA, the normal form and a truncated form. The truncated transcript lacked 20-bp at exon 9, resulting in a frame shift and the generation of a premature stop codon at amino acid 239. The same mutation was detected in primary ascitic cells and peripheral blood cells, but not in lymphnode cells, although all of the primary ATL cells were of the same clonal origin. A retroviral-mediated gene transfer of the truncated Fas to Jurkat cells rendered the cells resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, suggesting a dominant negative interference mechanism. These results indicate that an ATL subclone acquires a Fas mutation, which enabled to escape from apoptosis mediated by the Fas/Fas-ligand system, and proliferate in the body. Mutation of the Fas gene may be one of the mechanisms underlying the progression of ATL.
Register write specialization register read specialization: a path to complexity-effective wide-issue superscalar processors (2003)

With the continuous shrinking of transistor size, processor designers are facing new difficulties to achieve high clock frequency. The register file read time, the wake up and selection logic traversal delay and the bypass network transit delay with also their respective power consumptions constitute major difficulties for the design of wide issue superscalar processors. In this paper, we show that transgressing a rule, that has so far been applied in the design of all the superscalar processors, allows to reduce these difficulties. Currently used general-purpose ISAs feature a single logical register file (and generally a floating-point register file). Up to now all superscalar processors have allowed any general-purpose functional unit to read and write any physical general purpose register. First, we propose Register Write Specialization, i.e, forcing distinct groups of functional units to write only in distinct subsets of the physical register file, thus limiting the number of write ports on each individual register. Register Write Specialization significantly reduces the access time, the power consumption and the silicon area of the register file without impairing performance. Second, we propose to combine Register Write Specialization with Register Read Specialization for clustered superscalar processors. This limits the number of read ports on each individual register and simplifies both the wakeup logic and the bypass network. With a 8-way 4-cluster WSRS architecture, the complexities of the wake-up logic entry and bypass point are equivalent to the ones found with a conventional 4-way issue processor. More physical registers are needed in WSRS architectures. Nevertheless, using WSRS architecture allows a dramatic reduction of the total silicon area devoted to the physical register file (by a factor four to six). Its power consumption is more than halved and its read access time is shortened by one third. Some extra hardware and/or a few extra pipeline stages are needed for register renaming. WSRS architecture induces constraints on the policy for allocating instructions to clusters. However, performance of a 8-way 4-cluster WSRS architecture stands the comparison with the one of a conventional 8-way 4-cluster conventional superscalar processor.
The Efficacy of Pramipexole, a Dopamine Receptor Agonist, as an Adjunctive Treatment in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Open-Label Trial (2012)

Dopaminergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression. Although the efficacy of adjunctive pramipexole treatment has been demonstrated in treatment-resistant bipolar depression, such data are scarce for major depressive disorder (MDD). We recruited 17 patients with DSM-IV major depressive episode who have failed to respond to previous treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Five patients were diagnosed as having bipolar II disorder and 12 as having unipolar MDD. Patients were monitored at an ambulatory care facility every two weeks until 12 weeks. Pramipexole was added to existing medication. Depression severity was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21-item version (HDRS-21). The mean maximum dosage of pramipexole was 1.6 mg (SD 0.9). The HDRS-21 total score decreased from 19.4 (SD 3.8) at baseline to 7.2 (SD 5.4) at endpoint (P < 0.000001). Twelve patients (71%) were responders based on the definition of 50% or more reduction in the HDRS-21 score. Ten patients (59%) remitted (HDRS-21 total score at endpoint <8). These results were almost unchanged when the sample was confined to patients with MDD. No serious adverse events were observed. Our findings indicate that pramipexole augmentation therapy may be effective and well tolerated in refractory depressed patients.
Purification and Characterization of a Nonvesicular Vesamicol‐Binding Protein from Electric Organ and Demonstration of a Related Protein in Mammalian Brain (1991)

A protein that binds vesamicol has been purified from a soluble fraction of the Torpedo electric organ homogenate that does not contain synaptic vesicles. The purified vesamicol-binding protein (VBP) has a molecular mass of 470 kDa composed of 30- and 24-kDa subunits. Chemical deglycosylation yielded a single, heterogeneous protein of 24 kDa. The 30-kDa subunit is also sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase. The dissociation constant of the VBP.vesamicol complex is 0.9 microM, and the Bmax is 5,500 pmol/mg. Antiserum raised to the 30-kDa subunit cross-reacts with the 24-kDa subunit, but not with synaptic vesicles. Drug binding studies and Western blot analysis show that VBP is present in other Torpedo tissues as well as mammalian brain. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates that VBP-like immunoreactivity is not localized exclusively to the nerve terminal regions of the electric organ. Thermal stability, the pH dependence of vesamicol binding, and pharmacological comparisons demonstrate that the VBP is not the cholinergic synaptic vesicle receptor for vesamicol. The implications of this finding for current efforts to develop in vivo diagnostics of cholinergic nerve terminal status based on vesamicol are discussed.
VLSI realisations for picture in picture and flicker free television display (1988)

Two CMOS VLSI devices have been introduced which, through the combination of digital signal processing and external DRAMs, allow the display of television signals with higher quality and with more features. One device allows the simultaneous display of two independent video sources, while the other increases displayed picture quality by doubling the field display frequency to eliminate large area flicker. The second device also allows numerous extra features by manipulating both on- and off-chip memory. The devices can be combined within the same system to allow improved display quality plus an extremely wide range of additional display features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiwavelength survivable ring network architectures (2002)

A new architecture for implementing unidirectional and bidirectional self-healing interoffice ring networks using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology for growth is proposed. The working ring uses all-optical drop-and-add multiplexers at each office and the protection path uses optical amplifiers and optical switches. The use of WDM technology, combined with all-optical drop-and-add multiplexers, accommodates growth to a network capacity of more than 1 Tb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Streptomycin and Other Antibiotic Substances upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Related Organisms., (1944)

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis is subject to the bacteriostatic action of a variety of antibiotic substances. There is considerable variation in this respect, both in the sensitivity of the same organism to different substances and of different species or even strains of the same species of Mycobacterium to the same substance. Streptomycin is also highly effective against various related organisms, namely, Erysipdothrix and actinomy-cetes, comprising both saprophytic and parasitic strains, with considerable variation among different species.
Breast biopsy: a comparative study of stereotaxically guided core and excisional techniques. (1994)

For mammographic lesions that are believed to be not malignant or not very likely malignant, stereotaxic core biopsy decreases the need for excisional biopsy.
Emotional persistence in online chatting communities (2012)

How do users behave in online chatrooms, where they instantaneously read and write posts? We analyzed about 2.5 million posts covering various topics in Internet relay channels, and found that user activity patterns follow known power-law and stretched exponential distributions, indicating that online chat activity is not different from other forms of communication. Analysing the emotional expressions (positive, negative, neutral) of users, we revealed a remarkable persistence both for individual users and channels. I.e. despite their anonymity, users tend to follow social norms in repeated interactions in online chats, which results in a specific emotional “tone” of the channels. We provide an agent-based model of emotional interaction, which recovers qualitatively both the activity patterns in chatrooms and the emotional persistence of users and channels. While our assumptions about agent's emotional expressions are rooted in psychology, the model allows to test different hypothesis regarding their emotional impact in online communication.
Technological requirements for a self-aligned lateral SiGe HBT with the SiGe layer formed by Ge ion implantation in Si including theoretical performance (2006)

A new method for realization of self-aligned lateral SiGe-HBT (SiGe-SLHBT) is introduced and ac and dc simulations are performed based on a two-dimensional physical model. The fabrication process is simple and requires a minimum number of masks. The details of the fabrication process have been discussed. Simulation results show a dc current gain of 658, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 220 GHz,f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 62.5 GHz and MSG = 32.1 dB at 1 GHz for the self-aligned lateral HBT (SLHBT) with 50 nm thick germanium layer (30 nm p-doped base width) and a dc current gain of 300, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 133.5 GHz, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 24.7 GHz and MSG = 33.5 dB at 1 GHz for the SLHBT with 100 nm thick germanium layer (50 nm p-doped base width). This provides a low-cost high performance technology which could be used in many RF applications
Nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of vascular disease (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by at least three distinct isoforms of NO synthase (NOS). Their substrate and cofactor requirements are very similar. All three isoforms have some implications, physiological or pathophysiological, in the cardiovascular system. The endothelial NOS III is physiologically important for vascular homeostasis, keeping the vasculature dilated, protecting the intima from platelet aggregates and leukocyte adhesion, and preventing smooth muscle proliferation. Central and peripheral neuronal NOS I may also contribute to blood pressure regulation. Vascular disease associated with hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and reduced endothelium-mediated vasodilation. Oxidative stress and the inactivation of NO by superoxide anions play an important role in these disease states. Supplementation of the NOS substrate L-arginine can improve endothelial dysfunction in animals and man. Also, the addition of the NOS cofactor (6R)-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelium-mediated vasodilation in certain disease states. In cerebrovascular stroke, neuronal NOS I and cytokine-inducible NOS II play a key role in neurodegeneration, whereas endothelial NOS III is important for maintaining cerebral blood flow and preventing neuronal injury. In sepsis, NOS II is induced in the vascular wall by bacterial endotoxin and/or cytokines. NOS II produces large amounts of NO, which is an important mediator of endotoxin-induced arteriolar vasodilatation, hypotension, and shock.
Bright Multi-keV Harmonic Generation from Relativistically Oscillating Plasma Surfaces (2007)

The first evidence of x-ray harmonic radiation extending to 3.3 A, 3.8 keV (order n>3200) from petawatt class laser-solid interactions is presented, exhibiting relativistic limit efficiency scaling (eta approximately n{-2.5}-n{-3}) at multi-keV energies. This scaling holds up to a maximum order, n{RO} approximately 8{1/2}gamma;{3}, where gamma is the relativistic Lorentz factor, above which the first evidence of an intensity dependent efficiency rollover is observed. The coherent nature of the generated harmonics is demonstrated by the highly directional beamed emission, which for photon energy hnu>1 keV is found to be into a cone angle approximately 4 degrees , significantly less than that of the incident laser cone (20 degrees ).
Optimizing the size and surface properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–gold nanoparticles by intense x-ray irradiation (2008)

The polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified gold nanoparticle complex was synthesized by a one-solution synchrotron x-ray irradiation method. The impact on the structure and morphology of the gold nanoparticles of process parameters such as the PEG molecular weight, the PEG/gold molar ratio and the x-ray dosage were investigated. The size of PEG modified gold particles was found to decrease with increasing PEG addition and x-ray dosage. With the capability to monitor the absorption spectra in situ during the fast synthesis process, this opens the way to accurate control of the size and distribution. PEG chains with an intermediate length (MW6000) were found optimal for size control and colloidal stability in biologically relevant media. Our x-ray synthesized PEG-gold nanoparticles could find interesting applications in nanoparticle-enhanced x-ray tumour imaging and therapy.
Inactivation of <i>Pasteurella</i> ( <i>Mannheimia</i> ) <i>haemolytica</i> Leukotoxin Causes Partial Attenuation of Virulence in a Calf Challenge Model (2000)

The leukotoxin of Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica is believed to play a significant role in pathogenesis, causing cell lysis and apoptosis that lead to the lung pathology characteristic of bovine shipping fever. Using a system for Cre-lox recombination, a nonpolar mutation within the lktC transacylase gene of the leukotoxin operon was created. The lktC locus was insertionally inactivated using a loxP-aph3-loxP cassette, and then the aph3 marker was excised from the chromosome by Cre recombinase expressed from a P. haemolytica plasmid. The resulting lktC strain (SH2099) secretes inactive leukotoxin and carries no known antibiotic resistance genes. Strain SH2099 was tested for virulence in a calf challenge model. We inoculated 3 x 10(8) or 3 x 10(9) CFU of wild-type or mutant bacteria into the lungs of healthy, colostrum-deprived calves via transthoracic injection. Animals were observed for clinical signs and for nasal colonization for 4 days, after which they were euthanized and necropsied. The lower inoculum (3 x 10(8) CFU) caused significantly fewer deaths and allowed lung pathology to be scored and compared, while the 3 x 10(9) CFU dose of either the wild-type or mutant was lethal to >/=50% of the calves. The estimated 50% lethal dose of SH2099 was four times higher than that of the wild-type strain. Lung lesion scores were reduced twofold in animals inoculated with the mutant, while clinical scores were nearly equivalent for both strains. The wild-type and mutant strains were equally capable of colonizing the upper respiratory tracts of the calves. In this study, the P. haemolytica lktC mutant was shown to be less virulent than the parent strain.
Binding of GAPR-1 to negatively charged phospholipid membranes: Unusual binding characteristics to phosphatidylinositol (2010)

Golgi-Associated Plant Pathogenesis-Related protein 1 (GAPR-1) is a mammalian protein that belongs to the superfamily of plant pathogenesis-related proteins group 1 (PR-1). GAPR-1 strongly associates with lipid rafts at the cytosolic leaflet of the Golgi membrane. The myristoyl moiety at the N-terminus of GAPR-1 contributes to membrane binding but is not sufficient for stable membrane anchorage. GAPR-1 is positively charged at physiological pH, which allows for additional membrane interactions with proteins or lipids. To determine the potential contribution of lipids to membrane binding of GAPR-1, we used a liposome binding assay. Here we report that non-myristoylated GAPR-1 stably binds liposomes that contain the negatively charged lipids phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidic acid. GAPR-1 displays the highest preference for phosphatidic acid-containing liposomes. In contrast, lysozyme, which contains a similar surface charge, did not bind to these liposomes, except for a weak membrane association with PA-containing liposomes. Interestingly, GAPR-1 binds to phosphatidylinositol with unusual characteristics. Denaturation or organic extraction of GAPR-1 does not result in dissociation of phosphatidylinositol from GAPR-1. The association of phosphatidylinositol with GAPR-1 results in a diffuse gel-shift in SDS-PAGE. Mass spectrometric analysis of gel-shifted GAPR-1 showed the association of up to 3 molecules of phosphatidylinositol with GAPR-1. These results suggest that the lipid composition contributes to the GAPR-1 binding to biological membranes.
Metallocenes make copolymers alternate (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMetallocenes make copolymers alternateCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 18, 60Publication Date (Print):May 4, 1998Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 4 May 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n018.p060Copyright © 1998 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (216 KB) SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Copolymers,Sandwich compounds Get e-Alerts
Comparative study of parallel vs. distributed genetic algorithm implementation for ATM networking environment (2002)

The objectives of this effort are: (1) to provide a faster (parallel) implementation to a previously implemented ATM network design simulator, and (2) to compare two different parallel and distributed computing (PDC) architectures in order to select one to be the architecture for this new parallel version. To improve the performance of the previously implemented GA, two parallel versions are developed using two different approaches. The first uses message passing interface (MPI) function calls embedded in C++ programs on a network of workstations. The second version is developed for a multiprocessor system using a C/C++ parallel compiler. This paper describes the approaches used to develop the parallel versions, the design of parallel applications and the results of all the experiments that were done to study the effect of all the design parameters on system performance.
The effects of on-demand behavior in routing protocols for multihop wireless ad hoc networks (1999)

A number of different routing protocols proposed for use in multihop wireless ad hoc networks are based in whole or in part on what can be described as on-demand behavior. By on-demand behavior, we mean approaches based only on reaction to the offered traffic being handled by the routing protocol. In this paper, we analyze the use of on-demand behavior in such protocols, focusing on its effect on the routing protocol's forwarding latency, overhead cost, and route caching correctness, drawing examples from detailed simulation of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. We study the protocol's behavior and the changes introduced by variations on some of the mechanisms that make up the protocol, examining which mechanisms have the greatest impact and exploring the tradeoffs that exist between them.
Making A Road Simulator Simulate (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper defines a laboratory road simulator system and discusses various problems associated with using such a machine to test vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Advantages and disadvantages of various methods for applying input forces to the vehicle are discussed to show why the author chose the method of exciting through the tire in the vertical direction only.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of a method for solving the problem of simulating the rolling tire vertical properties is presented. Vertical and fore-aft response correlation resulting from this tire simulation is shown and the types of problems the author has chosen to study with this test system are explained.</div>