gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The completeness of a predicate-functor logic (1985)

Predicate-functor logic, as founded by W. V. Quine ([1960], [1971], [1976], [1981]), is first-order predicate logic without individual variables. Instead, adverbs or predicate functors make explicit the permutations and replications of argument-places familiarly indicated by shifting variables about. For the history of this approach, see Quine [1971, 309ff.]. With the evaporation of variables, individual constants naturally assimilate to singleton predicates or adverbs, leaving no logical subjects whatever of type 0. The orphaned “predicates” may then be taken simply as terms in the sense of traditional logic: class and relational terms on model-theoretic semantics, schematic terms on Quine's denotational or truth-of semantics. Predicate-functor logic thus stands forth as the pre-eminent first-order term logic , as distinct from propositional-quantificational logic. By the same token, it might with some justification qualify as “first-order combinatory logic”, with allowance for some categorization of the sort eschewed in general combinatory logic, the ultimate term logic. Over the years, Quine has put forward various choices of primitive predicate functors for first-order logic with or without the full theory of identity. Moreover, he has provided translations of quantificational into predicate-functor notation and vice versa ([1971, 312f.], [1981, 651]). Such a translation does not of itself establish semantic completeness, however, in the absence of a proof that it preserves deducibility. An axiomatization of predicate-functor logic was first published by Kuhn [1980], using primitives rather like Quine's. As Kuhn noted, “The axioms and rules have been chosen to facilitate the completeness proof” [1980, 153]. While this expedient simplifies the proof, however, it limits the depth of analysis afforded by the axioms and rules. Mindful of this problem, Kuhn ([1981] and [1983]) boils his axiom system down considerably, correcting certain minor slips in the original paper.
The Trouble with CBD Oil (2018)

In just a few years, cannabidiol (CBD) has become immensely popular around the world. After initially being discovered as an effective self-medication for Dravet syndrome in children, CBD is now sold and used to treat a wide range of medical conditions and lifestyle diseases. The cannabinoid CBD, a non-psychoactive isomer of the more infamous tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is available in a growing number of administration modes, but the most commonly known is CBD oil. There are currently dozens, if not hundreds, of producers and sellers of CBD oils active in the market, and their number is increasing rapidly. Those involved vary from individuals who prepare oils on a small scale for family and (Facebook) friends to compounding pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, and licensed cannabis producers. Despite the growing availability of CBD, many uncertainties remain about the legality, quality, and safety of this new "miracle cure." As a result, CBD is under scrutiny on many levels, ranging from national health organizations and agricultural lobbyists to the WHO and FDA. The central question is whether CBD is simply a food supplement, an investigational new medicine, or even a narcotic. This overview paper looks into the known risks and issues related to the composition of CBD products, and makes recommendations for better regulatory control based on accurate labeling and more scientifically supported health claims. The intention of this paper is to create a better understanding of the benefits versus the risks of the current way CBD products are produced, used, and advertised.
Spacetime visualization of relativistic effects (1990)

We have developed an innovative ray-tracing algorithm to describe Relativistic Effects in SpaceTime (“REST”). Our algorithm, called REST-frame, models light rays that have assumed infinite speed in conventional ray-tracing to have a finite speed c in spacetime, and uses general Lorentz Transformation, which connects the spacetime description of a single event in two inertial coordinate systems (frames) that differ by a constant velocity, to perform the relativistic translation and aberration of light rays.
The potential therapeutic use of phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitors (2007)

The discovery of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) was reported simultaneously in 1999 by three independent groups. PDE10A has been shown by localisation studies to have the most restricted distribution of all the 11 known PDE families, with the PDE10A mRNA highly expressed only in the brain and testes. In the brain, mRNA and protein are highly enriched in the striatum and, together with increased pharmacological characterisation, this unique distribution of PDE10A in the brain indicates a potential use of PDE10A inhibitors for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, in particular, psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. However, PDE10A inhibitors have also been claimed to be useful as treatment for cancer, diabetes and especially obesity. Two years after the reported discovery of PDE10A, Bayer filed the first patent application claiming PDE10A inhibitors, followed shortly thereafter by Pfizer. Since then, a number of scientific publications and filed patents testify to an increasing pharmaceutical interest in this target. This article highlights and reviews research advances published in the patent literature between the first patent publication in June 2002 and November 2006. The article is supplemented with selected publications from the scientific literature, emphasising the possible involvement of PDE10A inhibitors in the treatment of schizophrenia and referring to studies aimed at understanding their mechanism and pathophysiology.
<title>Polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals</title> (1994)

We describe recent progress on the polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal display. The display utilizes droplets of chiral liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy in a polymer film. In zero electric field, the droplets take on the Frank-Pryce spherulitic texture which weakly scatters light. When a field is applied, the Frank-Pryce texture reverts continuously to a planar texture beginning from the center of the drop, resulting in a field-controllable reflectivity over a wavelength band dictated by the cholesteric pitch and the drop size. Results showing response times and reflection spectra for thermally-cured and UV-cured displays will be presented.
Survey to estimate prevalence of Leptospira interrogans infection in mature cattle in the United States. (1991)

A total of 5,142 kidney tissue samples and 5,111 serum samples from mature cattle in 49 states and Puerto Rico were collected at slaughter. Age of cattle ranged from 1 to 16 years (mean, 6.6 years). Leptospires were isolated from 88 (1.7%) kidney tissues, and 2,493 (49%) sera contained antibodies against 1 or more of 12 Leptospira interrogans serovars. Leptospires were observed by immunofluorescence in 41 (0.8%) kidney tissues. Using agglutinin-absorption tests, 73 (83%) isolates were identified as serovar hardjo, 11 (12.5%) as serovar pomona, and 4 (4.5%) as serovar grippotyphosa. By use of restriction endonuclease analysis studies of chromosomal DNA, all isolates differed from reference serovars but were identical to strains previously isolated from cattle or swine in the United States. Of the serovar hardjo isolates, 85% were identical to restriction endonuclease analysis type (genotype) hardjo-bovis A and 11 (15%) were identical to genotype hardjo-bovis B. Serovar pomona isolates were identical to genotypes kennewicki A (64%) or kennewicki B (36%), and serovar grippotyphosa isolates were identical to the RM 52 strain. Isolation rates were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher for beef cattle than for dairy cattle and were higher (P less than 0.001) for bulls than for cows. Combined culture and immunofluorescence results indicated that 2% of mature cattle were renal carriers of leptospires.
Evaluation of cytocompatibility and bending modulus of nanoceramic/polymer composites (2004)

In an attempt to simulate the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural bone, novel nanoceramic/polymer composite formulations were fabricated and characterized with respect to their cytocompatibility and mechanical properties. The bending moduli of nanocomposite samples of either poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with 30, 40, and 50 wt % of nanophase (<100 nm) alumina, hydroxyapatite, or titania loadings were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than those of pertinent composite formulations with conventional, coarser grained ceramics. The nanocomposite bending moduli were 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than those of the homogeneous, respective polymer. For example, compared with 0.06 GPa for the 100% PLA, the bending modulus of 50/50 nanophase alumina/PLA composites was 3.5 GPa. Osteoblast adhesion on the surfaces of the nanophase alumina/PLA composites increased as a function of the nanophase ceramic content. Most importantly, osteoblast adhesion on the 50/50 nanophase alumina/PLA substrates was similar to that observed on the 100% nanophase ceramic substrates. Similar trends of osteoblast adhesion were observed on the surfaces of the nanophase titania/polymer and nanophase hydroxyapaptite/polymer composites that were tested. In contrast, fibroblast adhesion on the nanophase composites was either similar or lower than that observed on the conventional composites with either PLA or PMMA and minimum on all tested neat nanophase substrates. The calcium content in the extracellular matrix of cultured osteoblasts was also enhanced on the nanoceramic/PLA composite substrates tested as a function of the nanophase ceramic loading and duration of cell culture. The results of the present in vitro study provide evidence that nanoceramic/polymer composite formulations are promising alternatives to conventional materials because they can potentially be designed to match the chemical, structural, and mechanical properties of bone tissue in order to overcome the limitations of the biomaterials currently used as bone prostheses.
Parallelism in algebraic computation and parallel algorithms for symbolic linear systems (1981)

Parallel execution of algebraic computation is discussed in the first half of this paper. It is argued that, although a high efficiency is obtained by parallel execution of divide-and-conquer algorithms, the ratio of the throughput to the number of processors is still small. Parallel processing will be most successful for the modular algorithms and many algorithms in linear algebra. In the second half of this paper, parallel algorithms for symbolic determinants and linear equations are proposed. The algorithms manifest a very high efficiency in a simple parallel processing scheme. These algorithms are well usable in also the serial processing scheme.
α‐Tocopherol does not inhibit hypochlorite‐induced oxidation of apolipoprotein B‐100 of low‐density lipoprotein (1997)

The amount of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) can dramatically alter the extent of radical-induced oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) lipids, a process generally thought to be important in atherogenesis. However, LDL with atherogenic features can also be formed in vitro by exposure to the strong non-radical oxidant hypochlorite (HOCl), which preferentially oxidises LDL apolipoprotein B-100. Here we show that varying LDL content of alpha-TOH by vitamin supplementation or depletion has no effect on the extent of HOCI-induced oxidation of apolipoprotein B-100 as measured by the loss of lysine and tryptophan residues, and the alteration in relative electrophoretic mobility of the lipoprotein particle.
Ion-exchanged optical waveguides for all-optical switching (1990)

Current interest in all-optical waveguide devices has created a need for suitable nonlinear materials and fabrication techniques. To meet this need, we have made optical waveguides using ion exchange in two glasses, which were designed both to have large optical nonlinearities and to be compatible with the ion-exchange processing. We find that the choice of alkali metal ion in the glass has a major effect on the exchange process and on the optical quality of the ensuing guides. Guides made in one of these glasses have been used for demonstrations of spatial soliton propagation, which can be used as the basis of an all-optical switch.
COMPLETE MUSCLE TRANSPOSITION (1955)

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California School of Medicine, and the Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children, San Francisco
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the interaction of cytochrome P-450cam and putidaredoxin. (1982)

The interaction between putidaredoxin and cytochrome P-450,,, has been studied by equilibrium and kinetic techniques.The interaction of oxidized putidaredoxin and oxidized cytochrome P-450,-was investigated using a modified version of the gel filtration technique developed by Hummel and Dreyer (Hummel,
Interactive recovery from speech recognition errors in speech user interfaces (2002)

The authors present a multimodal approach to interactive recovery from speech recognition errors for the design of speech user interfaces. They propose a framework to compare various error recovery methods, arguing that a rational user will prefer interaction methods which provide an optimal trade off between accuracy, speed and naturalness. They describe a prototypical implementation of multimodal interactive error recovery and present results from a preliminary evaluation in form filling and speech to speech translation tasks.
An energy dissipation-based model for damage stimulated bone adaptation (1998)

Based on experimental observations, several researchers have proposed a role for damage processes in stimulating an adaptive response in bone. In the current study we propose a model for bone adaptation based on cyclic energy dissipation as a measure of bone damage creation. By reanalyzing the fatigue data of Pattin et al. (1996), we derive a uniaxial form of the damage based formulation applicable to cortical regions experiencing primarily longitudinal stresses. Because of the experimentally observed difference between damage formation under tension and compression (Pattin et al., 1996), this formulation naturally predicts a difference in the adaptive response to tensile and compressive loading. This feature distinguishes the new formulation from existing strain energy based adaptation theories which treat tensile and compressive strains identically. Thus, developmental adaptation in response to unequal generation of damage provides one possible explanation for the experimentally observed difference between peak tensile and compressive bone surface strains.
Inhibition of posterior capsule opacification with an immunotoxin specific for lens epithelial cells: 24 month clinical results (1998)

The immunotoxin was well tolerated and was effective in reducing PCO for up to 24 months after cataract surgery. Although these preliminary results are encouraging, a larger study is underway to determine whether the reduction in PCO by the immunotoxin decreases the need for Nd:YAG capsulotomy.
Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2017)

Both generalized obesity and lipohypertrophy are prevalent among HIV-infected persons on ART. Aggressive diagnosis and management are key to the prevention and treatment of end-organ disease in this population and critical to the present and future health of HIV-infected persons.
A Hybrid, <i>de Novo</i> Based, Genome-Wide Database Search Approach Applied to the Sea Urchin Neuropeptidome (2009)

Peptidomics is the identification and study of the in vivo biologically active peptide profile. A combination of high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics tools such as database search engines are commonly used to perform the analysis. We report a methodology based on a database system holding the completed translated genome, whereby de novo sequencing and genome-wide database searching are combined. The methodology was applied to the sea urchin neuropeptidome resulting in a 30% increase in identification rate.
Temporal arteritis (1992)

Visual loss is the most common complication of temporal arteritis when the disease is misdiagnosed or undertreated, yet treatment recommendations vary among different medical disciplines. In this article, Dr Wind presents a case report and information from the medical literature illustrating different treatment regimens and visual outcomes in patients with temporal arteritis.
The Viterbi Receiver for Correlative Encoded MSK Signals (1983)

It has previously been shown that MSK modulation with correlative encoded symbols, using first- and second-order encoding polynomials, can give rise to signals with excellent bandwidth efficiency. In this paper we specify and analyze the Viterbi receiver for such signals. The receivers are not very complex as they either require four or eight states to be stored and processed during each symbol interval. Our analysis concerns the bit error rate and the transfer function bound technique is utilized. Perfect coherent operation of the receiver is assumed in the error analysis.
Modelling of Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Resonant Cavity Light Emitting Diodes Emitting at 510 nm (2002)

The design of GaN resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLEDs) emitting at 510 nm is optimised for maximum extraction efficiency into numerical apertures (NAs) of 1.0 and 0.5. The optimisation is performed as a function of the Al fraction in the AlGaN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity mirror and of the InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) emission linewidth. The calculated enhancement factors of the extraction efficiency compared to a bulk LED for emission into a NA of 1.0 (0.5) increase from 3.0 (3.4) for a single metal mirror LED structure to 4.2 (5.8) for a metal–AlN/GaN DBR RCLED structure. The dependence of efficiency and optimum number of DBR pairs on Al fraction in the DBR, QW emission linewidth, and emission NA is discussed in terms of cavity modal properties.
细胞中鸟苷二磷酸糖的毛细管电泳研究 (1999)

葡萄糖是细胞生长和代谢的一种重要的调节剂 .鸟苷二磷酸糖 (UDP Sug ars)作为其代谢的中间产物 ,在碳水化合物、糖类酯等的合成中起着重要作用 .研究其在细胞中的代谢在临床生物化学中具有重要意义 .建立了一个毛细管电泳方法 ,采用 70cm× 5 0 μm的未涂毛细管 ,2 0mmol/L硼酸盐 (pH9)作缓冲液 ,在 2 2kV下 ,可在15min左右全分离 4个关键UDP Sugars,精度和检测限满足细胞分析要求 .经实际分析淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞和肾小球细胞 ,表明此方法不仅比HPLC具有明显优点 ,而且还可用于测量细胞能荷
Study of the structuralization of the magnetic particles in magnetic fluids (1994)

A magnetic field induced agglomeration of magnetic particles in magnetic fluids (mineral oil and kerosene based) with several volume concentrations was studied by means of optical microscope equipped with a video camera. Scrutiny of the video revealed that time evolution of the aggregation process results from two processes i.e. (i) the formation of new (or primary) agglomerations (t/spl les/2s) and (ii) the coalescence of primary agglomerations (t>2s).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A large scale seismic sensing array on the seafloor with fiber optic accelerometers (2003)

We developed the prototype of the fiber-optic accelerometer using the Michelson interferometer and tried to observe earthquakes on the sea floor. This paper shows the configuration of the fiber-optic accelerometer the earthquake observation results using the prototype sensor. And we introduce the remote optical amplifier using Raman amplifier or EDFA for a large scale seismic sensing array.
Device discovery via residential gateways (2002)

This paper describes the discovery and interaction of devices in a home network. It defines an innovative device discovery and description framework called 3DF, that integrates existing networking and interoperability protocols. The 3DF framework provides abstract device descriptions with multiple views, dynamic capability changes and driver support in an advanced way, taking into consideration aspects such as reusability, extendibility and ease of use. Currently, there is no true standard for home networking or device discovery. Many frameworks and protocols are under development, enabling interoperability or some form of device discovery: HAVi, OSGi, UPnP, Salutation, etc. The 3DF framework can leverage these, as it offers a design that is focused on a small and changing environment (the home network), while remaining independent of underlying protocols. It is shown that a residential gateway is an ideal candidate to run a discovery service on. 3DF itself has been implemented and validated on such a gateway using OSGi and UPnP.
Limited <i>ERG11</i> Mutations Identified in Isolates of Candida auris Directly Contribute to Reduced Azole Susceptibility (2018)

Multiple Erg11 amino acid substitutions were identified in clinical isolates of <i>Candida auris</i> originating from India and Colombia. Elevated azole MICs were detected in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> upon heterologous expression of <i>C. auris</i><i>ERG11</i> alleles that encoded for Y132F or K143R substitutions; however, expression of alleles encoding I466M, Y501H, or other clade-defined amino acid differences yielded susceptible MICs. Similar to other <i>Candida</i> species, specific <i>C. auris</i><i>ERG11</i> mutations resulted directly in reduced azole susceptibility.
Navigation Using Environmental Constraints (2009)

Location and mobility management are critical issues for the growing worldwide market in location based services (LBS). Existing research generally requires either special hardware to measure time (thus the distance) and angle or manually constructing database maps using one or a combination of techniques such as lateration, triangulation, database mapping or dead reckoning. In contrast, pathways that uniquely exploit sharing spaces among collaborating objects for the purpose of navigation are far less studied. This paper first analyzes the FreeMobility, a simpler but effective location determination technique, that exploits wireless communications abilities under a broad environmental context; then detailed comparison with database mapping based methods is conducted using measurement data from both GSM and Wi-Fi networks. Results indicate that the adoption of environmental constraints will transform wireless localization research from straightforward hardware dominated approaches to a more independent system approach and thus it opens a new window of opportunity valuable to the research community.