gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing energy consumption for seawater desalination (2007)

As freshwater sources become increasingly stressed, many coastal communities are looking to seawater desalination to augment their supplies and meet growing demand. Seawater desalination is an energy‐intensive process, however, with energy expenses accounting for a significant part of the process operating cost. This article looks at the factors affecting energy consumption for seawater desalination and discusses design and technological developments that can improve efficiency. Although the salinity of the feedwater affects the energy consumed during desalination, energy consumption is also influenced by such factors as recovery, flux, membrane type, ancillary processes, type of equipment, and energy‐recovery devices. To improve efficiency, utilities must take into account design and operation of all these components. Recent advances in desalination technology are making the process more energy‐efficient and cost‐effective. Water providers can do their part by optimizing system design to foster energy efficiency so that, ultimately, more communities can economically tap into untapped sources of supply.
The human intra-S checkpoint response to UVC-induced DNA damage (2020)

The intra-S checkpoint response to 254 nm light (UVC)-induced DNA damage appears to have dual functions to slow the rate of DNA synthesis and stabilize replication forks that become stalled at sites of UVC-induced photoproducts in DNA. These functions should provide more time for repair of damaged DNA before its replication and thereby reduce the frequencies of mutations and chromosomal aberrations in surviving cells. This review tries to summarize the history of discovery of the checkpoint, the current state of understanding of the biological features of intra-S checkpoint signaling and its mechanisms of action with a focus primarily on intra-S checkpoint responses in human cells. The differences in the intra-S checkpoint responses to UVC and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage are emphasized. Evidence that [6-4]pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts in DNA trigger the response is discussed and the relationships between cellular responses to UVC and the molecular dose of UVC-induced DNA damage are briefly summarized. The role of the intra-S checkpoint response in protecting against solar radiation carcinogenesis remains to be determined.
Systemic and mucosal antibody secretion specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract Background Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an acute illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Humoral immune responses likely play an important role in containing SARS-CoV-2, however, the determinants of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses are unclear. Methods Using immunoassays specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we determined SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera and mucosal fluids of two cohorts, including patients with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 56; median age 61 years) with mild versus severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2-exposed healthcare workers (n = 109; median age 36 years) with or without symptoms and tested negative or positive by RT-qPCR. Findings On average, SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA titers in mild COVID-19 cases became positive eight days after symptom onset and were often transient, whereas serum IgG levels remained negative or reached positive values 9–10 days after symptom onset. Conversely, patients with severe COVID-19 showed a highly significant increase of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA and IgG titers as a function of duration since symptom onset, independent of patient age and comorbidities. Very high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA correlated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interestingly, some of the SARS-CoV-2-exposed healthcare workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG serum titers had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA antibodies in their nasal fluids and tears. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA levels in nasal fluids of these healthcare workers were inversely correlated with patient age. Interpretation These data show that systemic IgA and IgG production against SARS-CoV-2 develops mainly in severe COVID-19, with very high IgA levels seen in patients with severe ARDS, whereas mild disease may be associated with transient serum titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies but stimulate mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA secretion. The findings suggest four grades of antibody responses dependent on COVID-19 severity.
Optimized Thermoelectric Refrigeration in the Presence of Thermal Boundary Resistance (2008)

Thermoelectric refrigerators (TEMs) offer several advantages over vapor-compression refrigerators. They are free of moving parts, acoustically silent, reliable, and lightweight. Their low efficiency and peak heat flux capabilities have precluded their use in more widespread applications. Optimization of thermoelectric pellet geometry can help, but past work in this area has neglected the impact of thermal and electrical contact resistances. The present work extends a previous 1-D TEM model to account for a thermal boundary resistance and is appropriate for the common situation where an air-cooled heat sink is attached to a TEM. The model also accounts for the impact of electrical contact resistance at the TEM interconnects. The pellet geometry is optimized with the target of either maximum performance or efficiency for an arbitrary value of thermal boundary resistance for varying values of the temperature difference across the unit, the pellet Seebeck coefficient, and the contact resistances. The model predicts that when the thermal contact conductance is decreased by a factor of ten, the peak heat removal capability is reduced by at least 10%. Furthermore, when the interconnect electrical resistance rises above a factor of ten larger than the pellet electrical resistance, the maximum heat removal capability for a given pellet height is reduced by at least 20% and the maximum coefficient of performance at low K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u-infin,u</sub> /( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NK</i> ) values is reduced by at least 50%.
Metadata Distribution and Consistency Techniques for Large-Scale Cluster File Systems (2010)

Most supercomputers nowadays are based on large clusters, which call for sophisticated, scalable, and decentralized metadata processing techniques. From the perspective of maximizing metadata throughput, an ideal metadata distribution policy should automatically balance the namespace locality and even distribution without manual intervention. None of existing metadata distribution schemes is designed to make such a balance. We propose a novel metadata distribution policy, Dynamic Dir-Grain (DDG), which seeks to balance the requirements of keeping namespace locality and even distribution of the load by dynamic partitioning of the namespace into size-adjustable hierarchical units. Extensive simulation and measurement results show that DDG policies with a proper granularity significantly outperform traditional techniques such as the Random policy and the Subtree policy by 40 percent to 62 times. In addition, from the perspective of file system reliability, metadata consistency is an equally important issue. However, it is complicated by dynamic metadata distribution. Metadata consistency of cross-metadata server operations cannot be solved by traditional metadata journaling on each server. While traditional two-phase commit (2PC) algorithm can be used, it is too costly for distributed file systems. We proposed a consistent metadata processing protocol, S2PC-MP, which combines the two-phase commit algorithm with metadata processing to reduce overheads. Our measurement results show that S2PC-MP not only ensures fast recovery, but also greatly reduces fail-free execution overheads.
Motion of atoms in a radiation trap (1980)

The force exerted by optical-frequency radiation on neutral atoms can be quite substantial, particularly in the neighborhood of an atomic resonance line. In this paper we derive from quantum theory the optical force, its first-order velocity dependence, and its fluctuations for arbitrary light intensity, and apply the results to the problem of creating a stable optical trap for sodium atoms. New results include the position dependence of the velocity-dependent force, a complete expression for the momentum diffusion constant including the substantial contribution from fluctuations of the dipole force, and an estimate of trapping times in excess of 1 sec even in the absence of effective damping. The paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects and difficulties in providing sufficient damping to stabilize such a trap.
A Method for Wearable Projector Selection that Considers the Viewability of Projected Images (2010)

Many projects and practices can now support user tasks by presenting images on the floor or wall using a mobile projector. However, unstable images make communication and task support difficult. The viewability of a projected image depends on several factors; the position of the wearable projector, user contexts such as whether he/she is walking or standing, and the type of presentation content. We describe a method for selecting a projector from multiple wearable projectors, wherein the method considers these factors. We investigated the characteristics of viewability by changing various factors in various contexts and with different content. We also investigated the appropriate position for a wearable mobile projector in various situations and with different content in subjective evaluations. The results indicated that our system dynamically changes the characteristics of a projector for presenting content. We implemented a prototype system that selects the appropriate projector dynamically in response to the situation.
Dielectric cavity QED between photonic crystals: An effective uniaxial medium approach (2000)

The spontaneous-emission rate is evaluated for dipole emitters situated in the thin slab region between two semi-infinite one-dimensionally periodic photonic crystals, a situation reminiscent of planar cavity laser structures. It is pointed out that the long-wavelength electromagnetic fields supported by such complex structures can be directly quantized provided that the pair of semi-infinite photonic crystals are treated within the effective-medium approach, in which each photonic crystal is represented by a truncated uniaxial medium whose dielectric tensor components are determinable in terms of layer thicknesses and dielectric functions of the individual photonic crystal components. The spontaneous-emission rate is evaluated for a dipole emitter situated in the slab region, and oscillating at a frequency resonant with one of the modes that are localized within the slab and exponentially decaying within the photonic crystals. Both symmetric and asymmetric structures are discussed. Interesting features are predicted when the variations of the adjustable parameters are examined, including suppression and enhancement of the spontaneous rate.
An Algorithm of 0-1 Knapsack Problem Based on Economic Model (2013)

In order to optimize the knapsack problem further, this paper proposes an innovative model based on dynamic expectation efficiency, and establishes a new optimization algorithm of 0-1 knapsack problem after analysis and research. Through analyzing the study of 30 groups of 0-1 knapsack problem from discrete coefficient of the data, we can find that dynamic expectation model can solve the following two types of knapsack problem. Compared to artificial glowworm swam algorithm, the convergence speed of this algorithm is ten times as fast as that of artificial glowworm swam algorithm, and the storage space of this algorithm is one quarter that of artificial glowworm swam algorithm. To sum up, it can be widely used in practical problems.
Metal complexes of macrocyclic ligands containing pyridine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal complexes of macrocyclic ligands containing pyridineJudite Costa and Rita DelgadoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 23, 5257–5265Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00075a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00075a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views800Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression patterns of placental microRNAs (2011)

Among different types of small RNA molecules, distinct types of microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in many cell types, where they modulate RNA stability and translation, thus controlling virtually every aspect of tissue development, proliferation, differentiation, and function. Aberrant miRNA expression has been linked to discrete pathologic processes. As the placenta plays a pivotal role in governing fetal development, it is not surprising that the placenta expresses numerous types of miRNAs. Whereas many of these miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed, certain miRNA species are largely unique to the placenta. Research in the field of placental miRNAs is in its early phase, with most studies centering on cataloging placental miRNA species or examining differences in placental miRNA expression between placentas from normal pregnancies and those from pregnancies complicated by pathologies that are associated with placental dysfunction. Recent research endeavors ventured to assess the function of miRNAs in cultured placental trophoblasts, using in vitro conditions that model relevant pathophysiological processes. The impact of miRNA-mediated repression on the trophoblast transcriptome, particularly in response to genetic and environmental perturbations, remains largely unknown. Further in-depth studies are required to unravel the functional significance of miRNAs in molding placental robustness, which must constantly adapt to altered maternal physiologic status to sustain optimal support to the developing embryo. In this review, we summarize the current information about placental miRNAs expression, and the lingering challenges in this field.
LD-pumped 1.48-μm laser based on Yb-doped double-clad fiber and phosphorosilicate-fiber Raman converter (2003)

An all-fiber 1.48-/spl mu/m generator based on a LD-pumped Yb-doped double-clad laser with intracavity Raman wavelength conversion has been developed. Second-order Raman Stokes radiation was generated in a phosphorosilicate-resonator formed by two pair of Bragg gratings.
High prevalence of thymic tissue in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. (1998)

The thymus in adults infected with the HIV-1 is generally thought to be inactive, both because of age-related involution and viral destruction. We have revisited the question of thymic function in adults, using chest-computed tomography (CT) to measure thymic tissue in HIV-1-seropositive (n = 99) or HIV-1-seronegative (n = 32) subjects, and correlating these results with the level of circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that are phenotypically described as naive thymic emigrants. Abundant thymic tissue was detectable in many (47/99) HIV-1-seropositive adults, aged 20-59. Independent of age, radiographic demonstration of thymic tissue was significantly associated with both a higher CD4(+) T cell count (P = 0.02) and a higher percentage and absolute number of circulating naive (CD45RA+CD62L+) CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.04). The prevalence of an abundant thymus was especially high in younger HIV-1-seropositive adults (</= 39 yr) with CD4 counts in the range 300-500 cells/microl and in older subjects (> 40 yr) regardless of CD4 count (P = 0.03). These studies suggest that the thymus is functional in some but not all adults with HIV-1 disease.
Piracetam improves mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress (2005)

1.--Mitochondrial dysfunction including decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ATP production represents a common final pathway of many conditions associated with oxidative stress, for example, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and aging. 2.--Since the cognition-improving effects of the standard nootropic piracetam are usually more pronounced under such pathological conditions and young healthy animals usually benefit little by piracetam, the effect of piracetam on mitochondrial dysfunction following oxidative stress was investigated using PC12 cells and dissociated brain cells of animals treated with piracetam. 3.--Piracetam treatment at concentrations between 100 and 1000 microM improved mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production of PC12 cells following oxidative stress induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and serum deprivation. Under conditions of mild serum deprivation, piracetam (500 microM) induced a nearly complete recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Piracetam also reduced caspase 9 activity after SNP treatment. 4.--Piracetam treatment (100-500 mg kg(-1) daily) of mice was also associated with improved mitochondrial function in dissociated brain cells. Significant improvement was mainly seen in aged animals and only less in young animals. Moreover, the same treatment reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in aged mouse brain only, which are elevated as an adaptive response to the increased oxidative stress with aging. 5.--In conclusion, therapeutically relevant in vitro and in vivo concentrations of piracetam are able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress and/or aging. Mitochondrial stabilization and protection might be an important mechanism to explain many of piracetam's beneficial effects in elderly patients.
On automating the construction of programs. (1974)

An experimental system for automatically generating certain simple kinds of programs is described. The programs constructed are expressed in a subset of ALGOL containing assignments, function calls, conditional statements, while loops, and non-recursive procedure calls. The input is an environment of primitive programs and programming methods specified in a lnaugage currently used to define the semantics of the output programming language. The system has been used to generate programs for symbolic manipulation, robot control, every day planning, and computing arithmetical functions.
Fusion of magnitude and phase-based features for objective evaluation of TTS voice (2014)

This paper analyzes the distance-based objective measures for evaluation of Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems (which is generally used objective measures). In this paper, we discuss some aspects of evaluation of speech quality of synthesized speech. Some of the limitations and issues of subjective evaluation are discussed and importance of objective measures is presented. Traditional objective measure using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance is used in this work. We have used magnitude and phase-based features as well as auditory features to check effectiveness of objective measures for predicting quality of TTS voice. In particular, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features and phase-based Modified Group Delay-based Cepstral Coefficients (MGDCC) alone have no good correlation with subjective scores. However, feature-level fusion of MFCC and MGDCC gives better correlation than all other feature sets. With this fusion, we obtained value of correlation coefficient, -0.3 and -0.32 for Blizzard Challenge databases 2010 and 2011, respectively. The results also show significance of phase-based features for objective measures when used along with magnitude-based features. The experimental results show that distance-based measures still do not work well with Blizzard Challenge databases and need more general objective measures for measuring quality of TTS voice.
Berbamine inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses by compromising TPRMLs-mediated endolysosomal trafficking of viral receptors (2020)

Abstract Positive-sense single-stranded ((+)ss) RNA viruses are among the leading causes of human and animal infectious diseases in the world, but so far, no effective antiviral agents are available to treat these infections. Here we found that several bis- benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (e.g. berbamine), potently inhibited the infection of coronaviruses (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV), flaviviruses (e.g. JEV, ZIKV and DENV), and enteroviruses (e.g. EV-A71) in host cells. Moreover, berbamine protected mice from lethal challenge of JEV. We also found that berbamine inhibited TRPMLs (Ca2+ permeable non-selective cation channels in endosomes and lysosomes), which compromised the endolysosomal trafficking of viral receptors, such as ACE2 and DPP4. This led to the increased secretion of these receptors via extracellular vesicles and the concomitant decrease in their levels at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing (+)ss RNA viruses from entering the host cells. In summary, these results indicate that bis- benzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as berbamine, can act as a pan-anti-(+)ss RNA virus drug by inhibiting TPRMLs to prevent viral entry.
Animal Study: The Effects of Adipose Extract in Wound and Bone Healing (2018)

Purpose Adipose derived stem cells have been shown to enhance both wound and bone healing. The stem cells are harvested, purified, cultured and the viability assessed in order to provide adequate cellular yield. The isolation process requires trained laboratory staff, intensive procedures utilizing multiple purification solutions and expensive equipment for culturing and interpretation of viability of the isolated stem cells. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of simple lipo-aspirate on wound and bone healing. Methodology This is a prospective, interventional study to investigate the effect of adipocyte extract on wound and bone healing. 9 Young, healthy, large white female pigs were used in the study. Fat was harvested using standard liposuction technique and injected around the defects created. Skin defects were evaluated for secondary wound healing macroscopically and histologically. 3 pigs were used in a pilot study to evaluate the possibility of investigating the effects of lipo-aspirate in bone defects. Results Histological evaluation shows accelerated secondary wound healing with the treatment of adipose tissue compared to control groups. The thickness of regenerated epidermis, the number of new vascular nests was increased and the wound surface area was decreased in adipose treated wounds. Bacteriology results showed no significant differences. Conclusion Results indicate a potential benefit in the treatment of wounds with the use of lipo-aspirated extract. The procedure allows for a cost effective method to enhance wound healing in a developing country. Due to the encouraging results in wound healing and osteogenic potential of lipo-aspirate, a pilot study to evaluate lipo-aspirate effects on bone healing has been drawn up. NO DISCLOSURES