gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counteracting of stimulated Brillouin scattering in externally modulated lightwave AM-CATV systems (2002)

Analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an AM-CATV link is presented. In externally modulated lightwave AM-CATV systems the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power (around 7 dBm) can be considerably increased by broadband phase modulation of the optical carrier. Influence of the phase modulation on nonlinear distortion caused by self phase modulation and dispersion of the transmission fiber was evaluated. Additional phase modulation, synchronized with amplitude modulation, was proposed which, in some special cases, leads to CSO distortion decreasing and increasing the transmission distance.
Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and source of vitamin D in dairy cows: Lactation performance and energy metabolism (2017)

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of feeding diets with 2 dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) levels and supplemented with either cholecalciferol (CH) or calcidiol (CA) during late gestation on lactation performance and energetic metabolism in dairy cows. The hypothesis was that combining a prepartum acidogenic diet with calcidiol supplementation would benefit peripartum Ca metabolism and, thus, improve energy metabolism and lactation performance compared with cows fed an alkalogenic diet or cholecalciferol. Holstein cows at 252 d of gestation were blocked by parity (28 nulliparous and 51 parous cows) and milk yield within parous cows, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial, with 2 levels of DCAD (positive, +130, and negative, -130 mEq/kg) and 2 sources of vitamin D, CH or CA, fed at 3 mg per 11 kg of diet dry matter (DM). The resulting treatment combinations were positive DCAD with CH (PCH), positive DCAD with CA (PCA), negative DCAD with CH (NCH), or negative DCAD with CA (NCA), which were fed for the last 21 d of gestation. After calving, cows were fed the same lactation diet. Body weight and body condition were evaluated prepartum and for the first 49 d postpartum. Blood was sampled thrice weekly prepartum, and on d 0, 1, 2, 3, and every 3 d thereafter until 30 d postpartum for quantification of hormones and metabolites. Lactation performance was evaluated for the first 49 d postpartum. Feeding a diet with negative DCAD reduced DM intake in parous cows by 2.1 kg/d, but no effect was observed in nulliparous cows. The negative DCAD reduced concentrations of glucose (positive = 4.05 vs. negative = 3.95 mM), insulin (positive = 0.57 vs. negative = 0.45 ng/mL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (positive = 110 vs. negative = 95 ng/mL) prepartum. Treatments did not affect DM intake postpartum, but CA-supplemented cows tended to produce more colostrum (PCH = 5.86, PCA = 7.68 NCH = 6.21, NCA = 7.96 ± 1.06 kg) and produced more fat-corrected milk (PCH = 37.0, PCA = 40.1 NCH = 37.5, NCA = 41.9 ± 1.8 kg) and milk components compared with CH-supplemented cows. Feeding the negative DCAD numerically increased yield of fat-corrected milk by 1.0 kg/d in both nulliparous and 1.4 kg/d in parous cows. Minor differences were observed in postpartum concentrations of hormones and metabolites linked to energy metabolism among treatments. Results from this experiment indicate that replacing CH with CA supplemented at 3 mg/d during the prepartum period improved postpartum lactation performance in dairy cows.
An<i>Ortho</i>-Directing Effect in the Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Primary and Secondary 2,4-Dichloro- and 2,3,4- Trichlorobenzamides with Ethanethiolate (1995)

Abstract The reactions of the primary amide and several secondary amides of 2,4-dichloro- and 2,3,4-trichlorobenzoic acid with potassium ethanethiolate in DMF were observed to proceed with a remarkable degree of ortho-regioselectivity. This effect was found to be absent using related tertiary amides as substrates.
Non-Contact Picosecond Electro-Optic Sampling with a Semiconductor Laser (1991)

Non-contact picosecond electro-optic sampling with a semiconductor laser is proposed and experimentally studied focusing on the practical application in the field of IC testing. Adoption of a laser diode pulse generator being compact, inexpensive, highly reliable and easy to electrically control makes possible the measurement without chopping of the electrical signals under test, and the measurement where strobe laser pulses are electrically synchronized to the clock signal.A newly developed longitudinal E-O sampling probe having a transparent back-side electrode enables one to measure voltages independently on the shape and the direction of electrodes under test, and to exactly monitor the measuring point on the electrode. It also makes possible the absolute voltage measurement.Reduction of noise of the optical receiver and the strobe pulses is experimentally investigated. In addition, the space dependent sensitivity is studied and greatly improved by adopting a new method.The equivalent input noise of 75 mV/√Hz with a temporal resolution of 32 ps at the space of 20μm between the probe tip and the device under test has been demonstrated.
New Hydroxyquinoline‐Based Derivatives as Potent Modulators of Amyloid‐β Aggregations (2016)

Copper and zinc have been found to contribute to the burden of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregations in neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysregulation of these metals leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventually results in oxidative damage and accumulation of the Aβ peptide, which are the key elements of the disease. Aiming to pursue the discovery of new modulators for the disease, we here rationally focused on conjugating the core hydroxyquinoline of the metal-protein attenuating compound PBT2 and the N-methylanilide analogous moiety of the Aβ imaging agent to build a new type of multi-target modulators of Aβ aggregations. We found that the N,N-dimethylanilinyl imines 7a, 8a, and the corresponding amines 7b, 8b exerted efficient inhibition of Cu(2+) - or Zn(2+) -induced Aβ aggregations and significant disassembly of metal-mediated Aβ aggregated fibrils. Further, 7a and 7b also exhibited significant ROC scavenging effects compared to PBT2. The results suggested that 7a and 7b are promising lead compounds for the development of a new therapy for AD.
Snake Venomics of <i>Bitis</i> Species Reveals Large Intragenus Venom Toxin Composition Variation:  Application to Taxonomy of Congeneric Taxa (2007)

The protein composition of the venoms of the West African Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica rhinoceros), the rhinoceros viper (Bitis nasicornis), and the horned puff adder (Bitis caudalis) were analyzed by RP-HPLC, N-terminal sequencing, SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting, and CID-MS/MS. In line with previous proteomic and transcriptomic analyses showing that snake venom proteins belong to only a few major protein families, the venom proteomes of Bitis gabonica rhinoceros, Bitis nasicornis, and Bitis caudalis comprise, respectively, toxins from 11, 9, and 8 toxin families. Dimeric disintegrins, PLA2 molecules, serine proteinases, a CRISP, C-type lectin-like proteins, L-amino acid oxidases, and snake venom metalloproteases are present in the three Bitis snake venoms, though they depart from each other in the composition and the relative abundance of their toxins. The venom composition appears to keep information on the evolutionary history of congeneric taxa. Protein similarity coefficients used to estimate the similarity of venom proteins of the Bitis taxa sampled here and in previous studies (eg. Bitis arietans and Bitis gabonica gabonica) support the monophyly of the three West African taxa (B.g. gabonica, B.g. rhinoceros, and B. nasicornis) based on genetic distance reconstructions, the lack of alliances between B. arietans and any other Bitis species, and are consistent with the taxonomic association of Bitis caudalis within the differentiated group of small Bitis species. The low level of venom toxin composition similarity between the two conventionally recognized subspecies of Bitis gabonica, B. g. gabonica and B. g. rhinoceros, supports the consideration by some authors of B. g. rhinoceros as a separate species, Bitis rhinoceros. Moreover, our proteomic data fit better to a weighted phylogram based on overall genetic distances than to an unweighted maximum-parsimony tree.
The doubly regularized support vector machine (2006)

Abstract: The standard L2-norm support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used tool for classification problems. The L1-norm SVM is a variant of the standard L2norm SVM, that constrains the L1-norm of the fitted coefficients. Due to the nature of the L1-norm, the L1-norm SVM has the property of automatically selecting variables, not shared by the standard L2-norm SVM. It has been argued that the L1-norm SVM may have some advantage over the L2-norm SVM, especially with high dimensional problems and when there are redundant noise variables. On the other hand, the L1-norm SVM has two drawbacks: (1) when there are several highly correlated variables, the L1-norm SVM tends to pick only a few of them, and remove the rest; (2) the number of selected variables is upper bounded by the size of the training data. A typical example where these occur is in gene microarray analysis. In this paper, we propose a doubly regularized support vector machine (DrSVM). The DrSVM uses the elastic-net penalty, a mixture of the L2-norm and the L1-norm penalties. By doing so, the DrSVM performs automatic variable selection in a way similar to the L1-norm SVM. In addition, the DrSVM encourages highly correlated variables to be selected (or removed) together. We illustrate how the DrSVM can be particularly useful when the number of variables is much larger than the size of the training data (p ≫ n). We also develop efficient algorithms to compute the whole solution paths of the DrSVM.
Joys of Discovery- Historical Research and Writing (1966)

Brigham Young University history professor LeRoy Hafen lauds the merits of pursuing expertise in history, citing the thrill of discovery that historians feel when they uncover the facts. Hafen defines history as a cross between science and art—science because historians seek to find facts, art because the study of human behavior cannot always result in completely accurate discoveries. Additionally, history is an art because a historian must organize and retell the facts in an appealing way, striving for literary excellence as well as accuracy. Hafen describes the process of historical research, including making use of both primary and secondary sources and doing research “on the ground” by visiting historical sites. Then he describes the two main approaches a historian can take in recording his research, either writing a monograph, narrow in its focus and written mainly for experts, or a synthesis, a narrative aimed at a wider audience.
Correct Performance of Pelvic Muscle Exercises in Women Reporting Prior Knowledge (2014)

Women reporting prior knowledge of PME may still perform them incorrectly. Providing instruction and feedback is strongly associated with correct performance and can be easily incorporated into pelvic examination. This may improve PME use and effectiveness to control symptoms of pelvic floor disorders.
Selection & Maintenance of Materialized View and It's Application for Fast Query Processing: A Survey (2010)

Quick response time and accuracy are important factors in the success of any database. In large databases particularly in distributed database, query response time plays an important role as timely access to information and it is the basic requirement of successful business application. A data warehouse uses multiple materialized views to efficiently process a given set of queries. The materialization of all views is not possible because of the space constraint and maintenance cost constraint. Materialized views selection is one of the crucial decisions in designing a data warehouse for optimal efficiency. Selecting a suitable set of views that minimizes the total cost associated with the materialized views is the key component in data warehousing. Materialized views are found useful for fast query processing. This paper gives an overview of various techniques that are implemented in past recent for selection of materialized view. The issues related to maintaining the materialized view are also discussed in this paper. Here some future aspects are also stated that might be useful for recent researchers.
Analysis of full-length cDNA clones carrying<i>GALI</i>of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae:</i>a model system for cDNA expression (1984)

A cDNA cloning vector that allows expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been developed using the plasmid primer approach described by Okayama and Berg [Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:161-170(1982)]. The vector contains ARS1 and TRP1 for plasmid maintenance in yeast and the ADC1 or GAL1 promoter and the TRP5 terminator for expression of the cloned cDNA. Using this system, several recombinants with nearly full-length GAL1 cDNA inserts in a cDNA library made with galactose-induced yeast mRNA were identified. By measurement of galactokinase mRNA and its protein, the expression of GAL1 cDNA was shown to be under the control of the promoter placed upstream of the cDNA insert. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the 3'-ends of the GAL1 cDNA inserts were not unique, indicating that polyA tails were added to GAL1 transcripts at multiple sites in the GAL1 gene. Genetic complementation of appropriate yeast mutants permitted the isolation of clones containing the coding sequences for GAL1, HIS3, and LEU2 from the same cDNA library.
High Mode Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) Experiments on a Large-Scale Riser (2007)

The focus of this research is on the development and testing of a large-scale model riser (130 m in length) undergoing high mode vortex induced vibrations (VIV) in the ocean environment. This large scale model will provide an intermediate step between the common riser models (8-10 m in length) that have mainly been used to research VIV to date and the actual 3,000+ m deepwater risers being used in industry today. During offshore drilling operations, marine risers carry mud and debris from below the sea floor, and during production operations they are responsible for transporting oil or gas from the hydrocarbon reservoir to the surface platform. The integrity of a marine riser is therefore critical to the success of offshore drilling and production. The flow of seawater around marine risers is subject to vortex shedding which excites oscillations known as Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV). When the VIV frequency approaches one of the natural frequencies of the structure, resonance, or lock-in occurs. This results in enhancement of the vibration amplitude of the structure and may have potentially destructive consequences due to high bending stresses and fatigue damage of the riser. At present, the prediction of this phenomenon is one of the most challenging areas in the offshore industry. In experimental investigations of VIV, large aspect ratio risers, namely long cylinders with relatively small diameters, pose a modeling challenge. This paper focuses on the development of a large-scale model riser capable of transmitting data in real-time under realistic operating conditions.
Inverse Compositional Spatial Transformer Networks (2016)

In this paper, we establish a theoretical connection between the classical Lucas & Kanade (LK) algorithm and the emerging topic of Spatial Transformer Networks (STNs). STNs are of interest to the vision and learning communities due to their natural ability to combine alignment and classification within the same theoretical framework. Inspired by the Inverse Compositional (IC) variant of the LK algorithm, we present Inverse Compositional Spatial Transformer Networks (IC-STNs). We demonstrate that IC-STNs can achieve better performance than conventional STNs with less model capacity; in particular, we show superior performance in pure image alignment tasks as well as joint alignment/classification problems on real-world problems.
Evolution of Application Models for Pervasive Computing (2016)

Pervasive computing fundamentally takes computing off the desktop and into the spaces where we live and work in every day. It is about enabling access to relevant applications and data at any location and on any device in a manner that is customized to the user and the task at hand. Mark Weiser [19] called it “invisible” computing, and much work has been done in support of that vision.
Taming Google-scale continuous testing (2017)

Growth in Google's code size and feature churn rate has seen increased reliance on continuous integration (CI) and testing to maintain quality. Even with enormous resources dedicated to testing, we are unable to regression test each code change individually, resulting in increased lag time between code check-ins and test result feedback to developers. We report results of a project that aims to reduce this time by: (1) controlling test workload without compromising quality, and (2) distilling test results data to inform developers, while they write code, of the impact of their latest changes on quality. We model, empirically understand, and leverage the correlations that exist between our code, test cases, developers, programming languages, and code-change and test-execution frequencies, to improve our CI and development processes. Our findings show: very few of our tests ever fail, but those that do are generally "closer" to the code they test, certain frequently modified code and certain users/tools cause more breakages, and code recently modified by multiple developers (more than 3) breaks more often.
Selektive Reduktion einiger halogen‐substituierter Pyridine der Vitamin B‐6‐Reihe (1977)

Die halogen-substituierten Pyridine 2, 3, 4, 14, 16, 17 und 18 der Vitamin B-6-Reihe wurden dargestellt und ihre selektive Reduktion untersucht. Die katalytische Hydrierung mit verschiedenen Palladium-Katalysatoren ergab immer eine vollkommene Enthalogenierung, andere hydrierbare Gruppen wurden nicht angegriffen. Mit Zink in konz. Salzsäure bei −10 bis −5°C konnten selektiv, abhängig von der eingesetzten Zinkmenge, stufenweise die Methoxymethyl-, die α-Halogen- und die Cyangruppe reduziert werden, wobei Halogen in β-Stellung nicht entfernt wurde. Die Lactone 17 und 18 werden zum Hydroxymethylderivat 19 reduziert, ohne daß der β-Bromsubstituent angegriffen wird. Selective Reduction of Some Halogen-Substituted Pyridines of the Vitamin B-6 Series The halogen-substituted pyridines 2, 3, 4, 14, 16, 17, and 18 of the vitamin B-6 series have been prepared. Selective reduction of these compounds has been studied. Catalytic hydrogenation using various palladium catalysts led to complete dehalogenation in all cases, the other reducible groups being unaffected. With zinc in concentrated hydrochloric acid at −10 to −5°C, depending upon the quantity of zinc, the methoxymethyl-, α-halogeno, and finally the cyano group could be successively reduced, without loss of the halogen in β-position. The lactones 17 and 18 were reduced to the hydroxymethyl derivative 19, without affecting the β-bromo substituent.
A robust 1.5Gb/s + 3Gb/s serial PHY with feed-forward correction clock and data recovery (2008)

This paper describes a 1.5 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s serial PHY architecture aimed at robust operation and ease of porting to smaller technologies. A minimum of precision analogue functions are used, and all digital functions use rail-to-rail CMOS. A single fixed low-jitter PLL serves the transmit and receive paths in both modes, and a new oversampling CDR relaxes the requirements for the analogue front-end as well as for the signal quality. The design occupies <0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 90 nm CMOS and consumes 75 mW.
Immunoglobulin hypermutation in cultured cells (1998)

Studies of endogenous and engineered Ig genes in mice have begun to reveal some of the cis-acting regions that are involved in the somatic hypermutation of variable regions in vivo. These studies suggest that the initiation of transcription plays a role in this process. However, it will be difficult to identify and manipulate the individual genetic elements and the trans-acting proteins that regulate and target the mutational events using solely in vivo assays. These studies would be greatly facilitated if constructs containing the genetic elements that are essential for V-region mutation could be transfected into cultured cells and undergo high rates of V-region mutation in vitro, and if permissive and non-permissive cell lines could be identified. Such in vitro systems would also allow a detailed molecular and biochemical analysis of this process. Here, we discuss some of the in vitro systems that have been developed and use data from our own studies in cultured cells to illustrate the potential benefits of studying V-region hypermutation in model in vitro systems.
Designing smart artifacts for smart environments (2005)

Smart artifacts promise to enhance the relationships among participants in distributed working groups, maintaining personal mobility while offering opportunities for the collaboration, informal communication, and social awareness that contribute to the synergy and cohesiveness inherent in collocated teams. Two complementary trends have resulted in the creation of smart environments that integrate information, communication, and sensing technologies into everyday objects. We distinguish between two types of smart artifacts: system-oriented, importunate smartness and people-oriented, empowering smartness. The system-oriented and people-oriented approaches represent the end points of a line along which we can position weighted combinations of both types of smartness depending on the application domain. We developed the Hello.Wall, our version of an ambient display, for the Ambient Agoras environment. The Hello.Wall transmits organization-oriented information publicly and information addressed to individuals privately.
An overview of paraphilia (2001)

The term paraphilia is an encompassing name for a wide range of clinically recognised patterns of unconventional sexual behaviour. This paper reviews psychological and social elements and contemporary visibility of the more common paraphilias. Extensive references provide sources for researchers to further explore the subject. There does not appear to be an obvious physical basis for paraphilic behaviour, and origins appear to be psychological. Specific causes for fetishes and paraphilias are unclear; however, paraphilias may be related to events that occur during childhood. Many paraphilias involve dominance and submission (D and S) practices. Paraphilic behaviour has been claimed to occur predominantly in heterosexual males and less frequently in homosexual males or heterosexual females, but there does not appear to be sufficient data available to support or deny this claim. Some individuals derive enjoyment from their behaviour; however, many others feel guilt, which results in many paraphilias being practised in secret. Published statistics on the incidence of various paraphilias are virtually nonexistent, because most paraphilias are considered to be taboo subjects. Estimates are that the prevalence of participation in some form of paraphilic or fetishistic behaviour is somewhere between 5 and 30 per cent of the population. The extensive availability of mainstream paraphilic books, photographs and paraphernalia indicates that the prevalence may be higher among the general public than might be suspected. (author abstract)