gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory Effects of Casein Phosphopeptide (CPP-III) on mRNA Expression of Cytokines in Caco-2 Cells (2004)

The effect of CPP-III, a commercially available casein phosphopeptide, on the mRNA expression of cytokines in Caco-2 cells was investigated. CPP-III enhanced the mRNAs of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha while IL-1beta was not affected. The mRNA expression of IL-6 was stronger in the presence of both CPP-III and bacterial components such as peptidoglycan from Lactobacillus acidophilus and lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium. These results suggest that CPP-III influences the expression of cytokines in intestinal epithelial cells.
Crossing over the bounded domain (2007)

Inter-meeting time between mobile nodes is one of the key metrics in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) and central to the end-to-end delay and forwarding algorithms. It is typically assumed to be exponentially distributed in many performance studies of MANET or numerically shown to be exponentially distributed under most existing mobility models in the literature. However, recent empirical results show otherwise: the inter-meeting time distribution in fact follows a power-law. This outright discrepancy potentially undermines our understanding of the performance tradeoffs in MANET obtained under the exponential distribution ofthe inter-meeting time, and thus calls for further study on the power-law inter-meeting time including its fundamental cause, mobility modeling, and its effect. In this paper, we rigorously prove that a finite domain, on which most of the current mobility models are defined, plays an important role in creating the exponential tail of the inter-meeting time. We also prove that by simply removing the boundary in a simple two-dimensional isotropic random walk model, we are able to obtain the empirically observed power-law decay of the inter-meeting time. We then discuss the relationship between the size of the boundary and the relevant time scale of the network scenario under consideration. Our results thus provide guidelines on the design of new mobility models with power-law inter-meeting time distribution, new protocols including packet forwarding algorithms, as well as their performance analysis.
Modulation of Bacillus subtilis catabolite repression by transition state regulatory protein AbrB (1994)

The first enzyme of the Bacillus subtilis histidine-degradative (hut) pathway, histidase, was expressed at higher levels during the onset of the stationary growth phase in nutrient sporulation medium in early-blocked sporulation mutants (spo0A) than in wild-type strains. Histidase expression was also elevated in spo0A mutant cultures compared with wild-type cultures during the logarithmic growth phase in minimal medium containing slowly metabolized carbon sources. Histidase expression was not derepressed in spo0A abrB mutant cultures under these growth conditions, suggesting that the AbrB protein is responsible for the derepression of histidase synthesis seen in spo0A mutant cultures. spo0A mutants contain higher levels of the AbrB protein than do wild-type strains because the Spo0A protein represses AbrB expression. A direct correlation between the levels of abrB transcription and histidase expression was found in spo0A mutant cultures. The hutOCR2 operator, which is required for wild-type regulation of hut expression by catabolite repression, was also required for AbrB-dependent derepression of hut expression in spo0A mutants. Purified AbrB protein bound to the hutOCR2 operator in vitro, suggesting that AbrB protein alters hut expression by competing with the hut catabolite repressor protein for binding to the hutOCR2 site. During the logarithmic growth phase in media containing slowly metabolized carbon sources, the expression of several other enzymes subject to catabolite repression was elevated in spo0A mutants but not in spo0A abrB mutants. This suggests that the AbrB protein acts as a global modulator of catabolite repression during carbon-limited growth.
Directory Enabled Networks (1999)

From the Publisher:
Directory Enabled Networks is a completely new paradigm for leveraging the network. Current network management applications are built using applications and protocols designed to manage individual devices. DEN is a way to manage the entire network. While networks are currently able to provide Class of Service and Quality of Service, these services currently require manual provisioning by experienced personnel, and therefore have high associated cost of ownership. If these services can be centrally controlled and provisioned by simpler means, they can support existing applications and new network-aware applications that require dynamic, yet guaranteed levels of service while reducing the Total Cost of Ownership. The DMTF (desktop management task force) has a DEN working group responsible for developing and finalizing the DEN specification. The DEN specification will also have ramifications within the LDUP (LDAP replication) and policy-based networking working groups at the IETF.
Glucose transporters and ATP-gated K <sup>+</sup> (K <sub>ATP</sub> ) metabolic sensors are present in type 1 taste receptor 3 (T1r3)-expressing taste cells (2011)

Although the heteromeric combination of type 1 taste receptors 2 and 3 (T1r2 + T1r3) is well established as the major receptor for sugars and noncaloric sweeteners, there is also evidence of T1r-independent sweet taste in mice, particularly so for sugars. Before the molecular cloning of the T1rs, it had been proposed that sweet taste detection depended on (a) activation of sugar-gated cation channels and/or (b) sugar binding to G protein-coupled receptors to initiate second-messenger cascades. By either mechanism, sugars would elicit depolarization of sweet-responsive taste cells, which would transmit their signal to gustatory afferents. We examined the nature of T1r-independent sweet taste; our starting point was to determine if taste cells express glucose transporters (GLUTs) and metabolic sensors that serve as sugar sensors in other tissues. Using RT-PCR, quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, we determined that several GLUTs (GLUT2, GLUT4, GLUT8, and GLUT9), a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), and two components of the ATP-gated K(+) (K(ATP)) metabolic sensor [sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 and potassium inwardly rectifying channel (Kir) 6.1] were expressed selectively in taste cells. Consistent with a role in sweet taste, GLUT4, SGLT1, and SUR1 were expressed preferentially in T1r3-positive taste cells. Electrophysiological recording determined that nearly 20% of the total outward current of mouse fungiform taste cells was composed of K(ATP) channels. Because the overwhelming majority of T1r3-expressing taste cells also express SUR1, and vice versa, it is likely that K(ATP) channels constitute a major portion of K(+) channels in the T1r3 subset of taste cells. Taste cell-expressed glucose sensors and K(ATP) may serve as mediators of the T1r-independent sweet taste of sugars.
Fidarestat. Sanwa Kagaku/NC Curex/Sankyo. (2003)

Fidarestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor being co-developed by Sanwa Kagaku, NC Curex (a joint venture company created by Japan Energy and Kaken) and Sankyo, for the potential treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Einführung (1989)

Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zwei Ausgangspunkte: (1) Seit dem Stecknadelbeispiel von Adam Smith1 ist der Gedanke Allgemeingut, daß Arbeitsteilung und somit Kooperation zu einem produktiveren Zusammenwirken der Faktoren führt. Ebenso ist auch der Tausch von Gütern auf Märkten als eine Form der Kooperation anzusehen. Kooperation erfordert Koordination im Sinne einer “Lenkung der Tätigkeiten auf ein bestimmtes Ziel hin”2. Die Lenkung kann erfolgen über einen Wettbewerbsmarkt, durch Anreizsysteme in Hierarchien, durch staatliche Regulierung und durch Sozialisation3. Ein unbestrittenes Ziel ist dabei die Effizienz der Allokation von Produktions- und Verbrauchsgütern.
High T/sub g/ hole transport polymers for the fabrication of bright and efficient organic light-emitting devices with an air-stable cathode (2000)

An organic electroluminescent device with a luminous efficiency of 20 Im/W, at 14 cd/m/sup 2/, and an external quantum efficiency of 4.6% has been fabricated using a high T/sub g/ hole transport polymer, a small molecule emission layer, and a LiF/Al cathode. The device quantum efficiency can be increased by tuning the ionization potential of the hole-transport moieties. When tested under pulsed voltage mode, in air at room temperature, and without any encapsulation, the device showed a high peak brightness of 4.4/spl times/10/sup 6/ cd/m/sup 2/ at 100 A/cm/sup 2/ and an efficiency of 4.4 cd/A.
Software process modeling and evolution in EPOS (2003)

Software process models are meant to describe software engineering activities around evolving software products. Process models need modifications due to gained experience, changed policies or project-specific requirements, and a set of versions of the original models must be maintained. Thus, software process models are evolving products and should be under the control of a configuration management (CM) system. EPOS models software processes in an object-oriented data model. Both process models and running instances are stored in a versioned database. EPOS software process models may be evolved and reused by the same CM techniques as used for software systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The preparation of 3,6‐bis(3‐hexylthien‐2‐yl)‐<i>s</i>‐tetrazine and its conjugated polymers (2011)

Abstract We demonstrated, for the first time, that 3,6‐bis(3‐hexylthien‐2‐yl)‐ s ‐tetrazine (TTz) with hexyl group at the 3‐position of thiophene rings can be prepared using a modified sulfur‐assisted Pinner synthesis. Although the hexyl group creates large steric hindrance to the tetrazine ring formation reaction, and the reaction under a traditional condition only produces trace amount of the target product, the yield of this reaction under a modified reaction condition using anhydrous hydrazine at 68 °C can reach 65%. Two new copolymers of the resulting TTz and hexyl‐ or 2‐ethylhexyl‐substituted cyclepentadithiophene have been prepared. The polymers show a broader light absorption in film than in solution attributing to the large distribution of effective conjugation length of polymer chain due to the existence of both cis‐ and trans‐orientations of the 3‐hexylthiophene units in the planar polymer chain in solid state. Although the polymers show a narrow band gap and a deep HOMO level, which are desirable for generating an efficient light absorption and a larger open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of the resulting solar cell devices, the device performance is not as good as expected. It is attributed to the random distribution of the cis‐ and trans‐conformations along the polymer chain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
High-voltage (>1 kV) SiC Schottky barrier diodes with low on-resistances (1993)

Au/6H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes with high blocking voltages were fabricated using layers grown by step-controlled epitaxy. A breakdown voltage of over 1100 V was achieved for silicon carbide (SIC) Schottky barrier diodes. These high-voltage SIC rectifiers had specific on-resistances lower than the theoretical limits of Si rectifiers by more than one order of magnitude. The specific on-resistance increased with temperature according to a T/sup 2.0/ dependence. The diodes showed good characteristics at temperatures as high as 400 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and properties of the slags of continuous converting of copper nickel-containing mattes and concentrates: IV. Influence of the slag temperature and composition on the slag melt viscosity (2013)

The viscosities of the slags that form during the continuous converting of copper mattes and concentrates into blister copper are determined. The compositions of SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO x -Cu2O-NiO slag melts are varied over a wide range of (Fe + Ni) concentrations (25.5–40.2 wt %) and ratios SiO2/CaO (0.25–3.9) and (Fe)/(Cu + Ni) (0.4–1.6). The slag viscosity is measured by a vibrational method in the temperature range 1050–1450°C. The viscosity of a homogeneous melt is shown to be 0.5–2.0 P, and it increases sharply below the primary solidification temperature.
Role of Estradiol-17beta and Progesterone in Regulating Constriction of Ovine Uterine Arteries (1977)

The role of estradiol-1 7j3 (E2) and progesterone (P4) in regulating the constriction of uterine arteries was investigated. Segments of uterine arteries from ovariectomized control and steroid-treated (E3, P4 and E2 + P4) ewes were perfused with agents which enhance (prostaglandmn F2 and norepinephrine) or suppress (phentolamine; blocker of at-adrenergic receptors) vasoconstriction provoked by periarterial adrenergic nerve
An Examination of Culture Knowledge: A Study of L2 Teachers' and Teacher Educators' Beliefs and Practices (2011)

Abstract: Historically, culture has not been emphasized as much as linguistic features in the teaching of second languages, but the introduction of the National Standards has provided an opportunity for a shift in this trend. This study surveyed 415 world language teachers and 64 teacher educators about the extent to which the culture standard is a focus of teaching and the motivators and barriers in maintaining culture knowledge. Using descriptive statistical analysis, survey results suggest that both groups share some concerns, motivations, and barriers to teaching culture, but they also differ in significant areas. The article concludes with some potential implications for teacher education programs as well as suggestions for continued professional development for teachers related to culture knowledge.
French v. Banco Nacional de Cuba (1969)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Rethinking main memory OLTP recovery (2014)

Fine-grained, record-oriented write-ahead logging, as exemplified by systems like ARIES, has been the gold standard for relational database recovery. In this paper, we show that in modern high-throughput transaction processing systems, this is no longer the optimal way to recover a database system. In particular, as transaction throughputs get higher, ARIES-style logging starts to represent a non-trivial fraction of the overall transaction execution time. We propose a lighter weight, coarse-grained command logging technique which only records the transactions that were executed on the database. It then does recovery by starting from a transactionally consistent checkpoint and replaying the commands in the log as if they were new transactions. By avoiding the overhead of fine-grained logging of before and after images (both CPU complexity as well as substantial associated 110), command logging can yield significantly higher throughput at run-time. Recovery times for command logging are higher compared to an ARIEs-style physiological logging approach, but with the advent of high-availability techniques that can mask the outage of a recovering node, recovery speeds have become secondary in importance to run-time performance for most applications. We evaluated our approach on an implementation of TPCC in a main memory database system (VoltDB), and found that command logging can offer 1.5 x higher throughput than a main-memory optimized implementation of ARIEs-style physiological logging.
The role of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer progression (2013)

It is well established that the tumor microenvironment plays a major role in the aggressive behavior of malignant solid tumors. Among cell types associated with tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most influential for tumor progression. Breast cancer is characterized by having a large population of TAMs, and experimental models have exposed multiple mechanisms by which TAMs interact with and influence the surrounding tumor cells. The process of metastasis involves tumor cells gaining access to the tissue outside the immediate tumor environment and invading the confining extracellular matrix (ECM). Supporting this process, TAMs secrete proangiogenic factors such as VEGF to build a network of vessels that provide nutrition for tumor cells, but also function as channels of transport into the ECM. Additionally, TAMs release factors to decrease the local pro-inflammatory antitumor response, suppressing it and providing a means of escape of the tumor cells. Similarly, hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment stimulates macrophages to further produce VEGF and suppress the T-cell immune responses, thus, enhancing the evasion of tumor cells and ultimately metastasis. Given the multiple roles of TAMS in breast cancer progression and metastasis, therapies targeting these cells are in development and demonstrate promising results.
Encapsulation Methods for Transport of PPP/High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) over MPLS Networks (2006)

A pseudowire (PW) can be used to carry Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
or High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol Data Units over a
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network without terminating the
PPP/HDLC protocol. This enables service providers to offer emulated
HDLC, or PPP link services over existing MPLS networks. This document
specifies the encapsulation of PPP/HDLC Packet Data Units (PDUs)
within a pseudowire. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Electrical Stimulation Promotes Angiogenesis in a Rabbit Hind-Limb Ischemia Model (2002)

In previous investigations, it was shown that applying a modest regimen of electrical stimulation (ES), even in severely ischemic tissue, improves the healing process, accelerates neovascularization, and enhances angiogenesis in muscle tissue. Our objective in this current report was to further understand ES as a potential alternative treatment for severe muscle ischemia. Immediately after the left distal external iliac artery and the femoral artery were excised, ES (30 contractions per minute [cpm], 2 V, single impulses per burst) was applied to rabbit adductor muscle near the site of the excised femoralis artery for 24 hours daily over 1 month. Three other series served as controls: ES without arterial excision; arterial excision without ES or lead implantation; and arterial excision with lead implantation but no ES. Histologic study of capillary density was performed by angiography (employing a grid template) and by measuring the lower limb-calf blood pressure ratio. At the end of 30 days in the ES series, 10.5 +/-1.2 contrast-medium opacified arteries (COAs) crossed a specific grid section segment compared with 7.2 +/-1.5 in the control series without ES (p<0.05); 68.2 +/-9.3 COAs crossed a grid section compared with 43.2 +/-6.4 in controls (p<0.05); 27.3 +/-1.2 grids contained COAs compared with 29.3 +/-3.5 in controls (p<0.05); lower limb-calf blood pressure ratio was 0.81 +/-0.06 compared with 0.31 +/-0.07 in controls (p<0.05); and capillary density was 283.7 +/-24.5 mm2 compared with 91.4 +/-20.9 mm2 in controls (p<0.001). These preliminary results show that cautious ES enhances and accelerates muscle revascularization in severely ischemic tissue.
Modular dimmable light-emitting-diode driver for general illumination applications (2010)

This paper aims to present a modular dimmable high brightness (HB) light-emitting-diode (LED) driver for retrofitting general/residential illumination systems. An improved micro-controller based pulse-width modulation dimming technique is studied and implemented for selecting the brightness of LEDs. Under universal input voltage operation, high power factor and high efficiency can be achieved by a power-factor-correction converter followed by a coupled inductor fly-back converter. The operation principles of the proposed modular HB-LED dimmer and driver will be analyzed and discussed. A laboratory prototype is also designed and tested for verification.
Immunoperoxidase Staining of Gene Products in Cultured Cells Using Monoclonal Antibodies (2003)

Antibodies, in general, provide the most sensitive and specific methods for detecting the protein products of genes. Immunoperoxidase techniques described here detect 103-105 molecules/cell (depending on whether the protein is dispersed within the cell or concentrated at high density in a particular compartment); with various enhancement methods, this can be improved more than tenfold. Immunohistochemistry is particularly suitable for analyzing transfection in vitro, because it examines individual cells; methods based on analysis of bulk RNA (e.g., Sl nuclease protection [see Chapter 21 ], this volume]) or protein (e.g., immunoblotting) are considerably less sensitive when only a small proportion of cells are transfected. Immunoperoxidase reactions are generally more sensitive than immunofluorescence (Chapter 27) and immunogold methods and require no special optics to observe. Also, the reaction product is stable for years. On the other hand, immunofluorescence is easier to perform than immunoperoxidase, the conjugated antibody is generally more stable and so more reliable, and the fluorescence signal is easier to demonstrate in black-and-white photography. If a good fluorescence microscope is available and the signal is expected to be reasonably strong, then immunofluorescence is the method of choice.
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits xenograft tumor growth in mice bearing shRNA-transfected HCA-7 cells targeting delta-5-desaturase (2018)

We have demonstrated that our paradigm-shifting strategy of knocking down delta-5-desaturase and taking advantage of overexpressed Cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor cells can be used for colon cancer suppression. Our research outcome will lead us to develop a better and safer anti-cancer therapy for patients.