gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Japanese encephalitis virus: an example of an emerging disease (1998)

An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurred in the Torres Strait (TS) of northern Australia in March/April, 1995, with three cases of encephalitis, two of which were fatal. This was completely unexpected as the nearest known focus of virus activity prior to this event was in Bali, approximately 3000 km to the west of the TS, and the nearest place from which JE virus had previously been isolated was on Flores Island, approximately 2200 km to the west of the TS. A further outbreak of JE in the TS with one human case and with seroconversions of pigs on 6 islands has occurred this year, and which appears to have spilt over into mainland Australia with the first indigenous human case of JE and with seroconversions of pigs near Bamaga. This review briefly describes the JE serological complex of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, the epidemiology of these viruses with particular reference to JE virus, the results of studies and surveillance activities in the TS and PNG, and finally discuss recent cases and the risk that JE could pose to Australia. ( non-author abstract)
Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) induces cholesterol export from macrophage-foam cells: a potential anti-atherogenic function? (1998)

Apolipoprotein J (apo J) is a secreted glycoprotein of which the exact function remains a matter for speculation. Apo J has been implicated in such diverse processes as sperm maturation, regulation of complement activation, programmed cell death, tissue remodelling and lipid transport. In this study a possible role for apo J in lipid transport was explored. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein (AcLDL) to produce foam cells containing cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. Incubation of the foam cells with physiological concentrations of purified apo J led to a dose-dependent export of cholesterol. The appearance of cholesterol in the medium was associated predominantly with a decline in intracellular cholesteryl esters rather than intracellular free cholesterol. The kinetics of cholesterol release to apo J were similar to apo A-I, an established promoter of cholesterol efflux. Apo J was also shown to induce phospholipid efflux from cells, whereas the cholesterol exported to the medium was associated with the apo J. Studies using foam cells from apo E-null mice showed that the cholesterol exported to the medium was independent of apo E production by the cells. These results present the first evidence that apo J can promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells and indicates that it might have a function in cellular cholesterol homoeostasis in both normal and pathological situations.
Application of neural networks to software quality modeling of a very large telecommunications system (1997)

Society relies on telecommunications to such an extent that telecommunications software must have high reliability. Enhanced measurement for early risk assessment of latent defects (EMERALD) is a joint project of Nortel and Bell Canada for improving the reliability of telecommunications software products. This paper reports a case study of neural-network modeling techniques developed for the EMERALD system. The resulting neural network is currently in the prototype testing phase at Nortel. Neural-network models can be used to identify fault-prone modules for extra attention early in development, and thus reduce the risk of operational problems with those modules. We modeled a subset of modules representing over seven million lines of code from a very large telecommunications software system. The set consisted of those modules reused with changes from the previous release. The dependent variable was membership in the class of fault-prone modules. The independent variables were principal components of nine measures of software design attributes. We compared the neural-network model with a nonparametric discriminant model and found the neural-network model had better predictive accuracy.
An improved type of pressure tester for the determination of fruit maturity / (1925)

Kntroduction: ==. == a ee 1 | Effect of testing with and without The pressure test as a measure of peebrenioved Seat ws a ae ee 6 WISE yee ke ee 2 | Influence of rate of application of Description of the apparatus___--__ 3 pressure on pressure-test results__ q Details of manufacture ____~-_____ 3 | Range of pressures in apples as Essentials of manufacture________-5 tested by this type of equipment__ &
Neurotoxicity of Amphotericin B Methyl Ester in (1988)

Clinical and neuropathologic effects of chronically administered intravenous (iv) amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) were observed in 3 male dogs (2 German shorthaired pointers and 1 pit bull). Each dog received 6.2-7.3 g of AME (299-327 mg/kg body weight) over a period of 11-12 weeks. One dog developed neurologic signs of severe diffuse brain dysfunction and at necropsy all 3 dogs had a marked leukoencephalopathy, most severe in centrum ovale and subcortical white matter of frontal lobes. Brain histopathology included diffuse myelin loss, oligodendrocyte depletion, accumulation of macrophages filled with sudanophilic lipid, fibrillary astrogliosis, and swelling or fragmentation of many axons. Two control dogs administered iv glucose showed no neuropathologic abnormalities. These findings closely resemble the clinical and neuropathologic abnormalities that developed in patients during the first human trial of AME for treatment of fungal infections, but differ from those of animal studies that did not closely simulate the long-term drug administration required for antifungal therapy in humans. It was concluded that before human clinical trial is authorized, experimental protocols for animal studies of drug toxicity should reflect the anticipated human use of the drug, both in dose and duration.
Chronic But Not Acute Treatment with a Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Antagonist Reverses the Akinetic Deficits in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism (2002)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have recently been considered as potential pharmacological targets in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and particularly in parkinsonism. Within the basal ganglia, receptors of group I (mGluR1 and mGluR5) are widely expressed; the present study was thus aimed at blocking these receptors in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease in the rat. Considering the prominent expression of mGluR5, we have used the selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP) to target these receptors. In rats trained to quickly depress a lever after a visual cue, bilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nerve terminals in the striatum produced severe akinetic deficits, which were expressed by increases in delayed responses and reaction times. Acute MPEP injection (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect, whereas chronic administration, ineffective in a control group, significantly reversed the akinetic deficits. Alleviation of these deficits was seen after 1 week of treatment, and the preoperative performance was fully recovered after a 3 week treatment of MPEP at all doses. Chronic MPEP also induced ipsilateral rotation in the unilateral 6-OHDA circling model. However, no effect was seen of MPEP (1.5, 3, or 6 mg/kg, i.p.) on haloperidol-induced catalepsy (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Altogether, these results suggest a specific role of mGluRs in the regulation of extrapyramidal motor functions and a potential therapeutic value for mGluR5 antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Genetic control of social organization in an ant (1998)

A central issue in evolutionary biology is the extent to which complex social organization is under genetic control. We have found that a single genomic element marked by the protein-encoding gene Gp-9 is responsible for the existence of two distinct forms of social organization in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. This genetic factor influences the reproductive phenotypes and behavioral strategies of queens and determines whether workers tolerate a single fertile queen or multiple queens per colony. Furthermore, this factor affects worker tolerance of queens with alternate genotypes, thus explaining the dramatic differences in Gp-9 allele frequencies observed between the two social forms in the wild. These findings reveal how a single genetic factor can have major effects on complex social behavior and influence the nature of social organization.
Finite-element modeling of coupled optical microdisk resonators for displacement sensing (2012)

We analyze normal mode splitting in a pair of vertically coupled microdisk resonators. A full vectorial finite-element model is used to find the eigenfrequencies of the symmetric and antisymmetric composite modes as a function of coupling distance. We find that the coupled microdisks can compete with the best Fabry–Perot resonators in displacement sensing. We also show how we configured FreeFem++ for the sphere eigenvalue problem.
The cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its effects on managed care. (2004)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) designates respiratory disorders characterized by airway obstruction that is not fully reversible. An estimated 10 million adult Americans have COPD, and the prevalence is rising. Direct and indirect costs of managing COPD exceed dollars 32 billion annually, and this health care burden has provoked vigorous efforts by major public health organizations to evaluate and improve quality of care for COPD. The authors review the substantial effects of COPD on managed care and discuss evidence-based strategies for its effective management.
The Mental Capacity Act 2005: what it does and some thoughts on its impact on practice. (2009)

This article outlines the main principles of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). The introduction briefly explains the background to the development of the legislation and introduces some of the principles underpinning the Act before going on to look at the Best Interest check list, the protection from liability offered practitioners by the act and the safeguards offered to service users by the legislation.
Deep multi-modal classification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) with canonical correlation analysis (2018)

Pancreatic cancer has the poorest prognosis among all cancer types. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) are radiographically identifiable precursors to pancreatic cancer; hence, early detection and precise risk assessment of IPMN are vital. In this work, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system to perform IPMN diagnosis and risk assessment by utilizing multi-modal MRI. In our proposed approach, we use minimum and maximum intensity projections to ease the annotation variations among different slices and type of MRIs. Then, we present a CNN to obtain deep feature representation corresponding to each MRI modality (T1-weighted and T2-weighted). At the final step, we employ canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to perform a fusion operation at the feature level, leading to discriminative canonical correlation features. Extracted features are used for classification. Our results indicate significant improvements over other potential approaches to solve this important problem. The proposed approach doesn't require explicit sample balancing in cases of imbalance between positive and negative examples. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to automatically diagnose IPMN using multi-modal MRI.
Symmetric Complexes of GroE Chaperonins as Part of the Functional Cycle (1994)

The particular structural arrangement of chaperonins probably contributes to their ability to assist in the folding of proteins. The interaction of the oligomeric bacterial chaperonin GroEL and its cochaperonin, GroES, in the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) forms an asymmetric complex. However, in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or its nonhydrolyzable analogs, symmetric complexes were found by electron microscopy and image analysis. The existence of symmetric chaperonin complexes is not predicted by current models of the functional cycle for GroE-mediated protein folding. Because complete folding of a nonnative substrate protein in the presence of GroEL and GroES only occurs in the presence of ATP, but not with ADP, the symmetric chaperonin complexes formed during the GroE cycle are proposed to be functionally significant.
Mass balance and thermodynamic description of solid state fermentation of lignocellulosics byPleurotus ostreatus for animal feed production (1995)

This study was focused primarily on the degradation of lignin in water hyacinth and barley straw for animal-feed production. The experiment was performed in a 1.5-L Applikon fermenter for 30 days, varying the air flow rate from 0.022 VVM/0.047 VMM to 0.048 VVM/0.102 VMM. A novel approach was introduced for prediction of a kinetic model by using instantaneous respiratory quotient (RQ) measurements and steady state elemental balances. Growth kinetics were determined for the fungus in a 30-day fermentation with a mixture of barley straw and water hyacinth as the substrate. The instantaneous heat-interaction profile was predicted from steady state balances. Fermentation data were checked for consistency using the entropy balance inequality, and thermodynamic efficiency was calculated to show that degradation of lignocellulosics byPleurotus ostreatus followed more than one metabolic pathway during the course of the fermentation. Growth ofP. ostreatus on lignocellulosics, such as water hyacinth and barley straw, was di-auxic or possibly tri-auxic during the 30 days of fermentation.
Measured and Simulated Results of Impulse Generator Using Step Recovery Diode (2005)

An impulse generation circuit using an SRD was made as an experiment. The circuit, which is used for UWB pulse radars, etc., was designed using PSpice, a SPICE simulator. Since there is no SRD model in SPICE, the pn junction model was substituted. The experimental and simulated waveforms were compared, and could be made almost to match by adjusting the parameters of the SPICE diode model.
Protection Strategies for Medium-Voltage Direct-Current Microgrid at a Remote Area Mine Site (2015)

This paper presents protection strategies for a medium-voltage dc (MVDC) microgrid at a remote area mine site. The microgrid is operated to provide high power quality and reliability to sensitive loads and to improve the energy efficiency of the mining equipment. In the MVDC microgrid, various local distributed energy resources have been used, including photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, a fuel-cell stack, an energy storage system, and mobile diesel generators. For the protection of transmission lines, a communication-based differential protection scheme with solid-state electronic relays is employed to isolate the faulted part of the MVDC microgrid. This is further reinforced by dc overcurrent protection as a backup. Earlier research work had neglected the backup protection for dc systems. In addition, communication-based dc directional overcurrent protective relays are used for both source protection and load protection to support a bidirectional power flow. MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation results are presented and discussed to illustrate the proposed system's dependability and security.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher‐Carbon Sugars. Part 12. The Synthesis of New Octitols from D‐Glucose and D‐Mannose via the Osmylation of Unsaturated Precursors. (1989)

Abstract Catalytic osmylation of the octenopyranosides (I) yields mixtures of the β‐L‐threo‐ and α‐D‐threo‐octopyranosides (II) and (III), the main components (IIa) and (IIb) of which are isolated as their acetates (IV) and (VII) (X‐ray analysis: both space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , Z=4).
CMOS variable transconductance circuit with constant bandwidth (1989)

This letter proposes a new linear CMOS transconductor circuit. It has a transconductance linearly variable by a gate voltage and a rather high bandwidth. Moreover, this bandwidth remains constant when the transconductance is varied. The circuit exploits the square-law characteristic of MOS transistors biased in saturation.
Epidemiology of Central Nervous System Metastases (2012)

Brain metastases are overwhelmingly the most common type of brain tumor, out numbering primary brain tumors in incidence by more than four-to-one. They are associated with poor prognosis both from a length-of-life as well as a quality-of-life standpoint. Once the brain metastasis is detected, without treatment, most patients die within months, either from widespread systemic disease, or due to the brain metastasis itself. The complications of brain metastases are also devastating. Patients can suffer from seizures, weakness or paralysis, language and communication deficits, as well as cognitive decline. These complications negatively impact on quality of life through effects on functional independence, impairment of capacity to participate in activities and relationships, as well as distortion of individual personality and identity. At the same time, there are great financial burdens associated with both the care and treatment of patients with brain metastases. Early detection of brain metastases in cancer patients is critical for limiting these complications, minimizing these burdens and improving the outlook regarding both survival and quality of life. Understanding the epidemiology of brain metastases can lead to the development of new strategies for the early identification and successful treatment of these patients.
<title>Time-domain correlation image sensor: CMOS design and integration of demodulator pixels</title> (2000)

We describe CMOS pixel design and fabrication results of the time-domain correlation image sensor, which has been proposed and studied in our laboratory. This sensor can essentially be regarded as an array of demodulators--it computes temporal correlation between incident light intensity and a global reference signal every frame. The correlation detection allows sensitivity to high frequency illumination, and makes various applications possible by using this sensor together with active sensing methods such as modulated illumination and camera motion. The prototype pixel, based on a transconductance multiplier with a photodiode current source and a pair of capacitive loads, is designed as a MOS pair with its common source and drains extended to form a photodiode and capacitors, respectively. Based on this design, 64 times 64-pixel sensors were fabricated with a 1.2-micron CMOS process. Experiments under sinusoidally modulated illumination confirmed temporal correlation performance of the fabricated sensors. Application examples such as lock-in photometry and vibrometry are also presented.
Hearing Impairment and Visual Perceptual Processes in Reading (1981)

The hypothesis investigated was, that reading retardation in hearing impaired children is due in part to certain visual perceptual deficits known to be related to mechanical reading skills. Nineteen children, from a school for the hearing impaired, with a mean age of 11.23 were found to have a mean reading age of 7.6 on the Sal ford Sentence Reading Test. Nineteen hearing controls were selected with the same mean reading age on the Reading Test but with a mean chronological age of 7.71 years. Five sub-tests of the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception were administered to all of the children. It was found that the partially hearing school children showed deficits on all the visual sub-tests of the Frostig Test, compared with the published norms for hearing children of the same age. The partially hearing generally performed at the same level as the hearing controls who were on average 3 1/2 years younger. It is suggested that this deficit in visual perceptual skills contributes to the relatively poor level of reading attained by the partially hearing.
Production of low cost silicon wafers by continuous casting method-development of drip-controlled method (2002)

The continuous casting method (CCM) has been designed to obtain low cost silicon wafers. This method has the objective of wafer cost reduction production effect through the installation of a pre-heating zone and a crystal growth and cooling zone separately on both sides of a silicon melting and injecting zone. We have developed the drip-controlled method (DCM) as a casting method for CCM. In DCM, the injection of molten silicon and the crystal growth are carried out simultaneously and the heat of molten silicon is utilized actively as a heat source to control the crystal growth. DCM is the most effective casting method for continuous casting. Batch-type ingots with a size of 320 mm square, height 260-300 mm, were produced by DCM. An oxygen content of 5-15 ppma and a carbon content of less than 5 ppma were obtained throughout the ingots. The cell efficiency yield of more than 13.5% was 80% against the growth direction, with a wafer size of 100 mm/spl times/100 mm using our standard cell process. A maximum value was found of 14.3% measured in JQA. The solar cell efficiency, the carrier lifetime and the diffusion length measured in this study showed DCM had an advantage for obtaining one-directional growth and columnar structure.
How data flow can improve application development productivity (1982)

Use of the data flow technique is a key to increasing the productivity of the application developer. It allows greater independence between functions of an application, which substantially improves the ease with which functions can be reused and can greatly reduce complexity. These two advantages alone can provide a substantial increasein productivity, even with today's tools. The independence also makes it easier to understand and deal with the functions, thus making it easier to prototype, develop, test, and change them. Each of these tasks can be much easier when each function can be dealt with independently of the other functions in any particular program
Association of Prenylated Proteins with the Plasma Membrane and the Inner Nuclear Membrane Is Mediated by the Same Membrane-targeting Motifs (2000)

Targeting of nuclear lamins to the inner nuclear envelope membrane requires a nuclear localization signal and CaaX motif-dependent posttranslational modifications, including isoprenylation and carboxyl methylation. These modifications, although necessary for membrane targeting, are not sufficient to mediate stable association with membranes. We show that two variants of lamin B3 (i.e., B3a and B3b) exist in Xenopus oocytes. They are encoded by two alternatively spliced, developmentally regulated mRNAs. The two lamin variants differ greatly in their membrane association in meiotically matured eggs. The presence of an extra cysteine residue (as a potential palmitoylation site) and a basic cluster in conjunction with the CaaX motif function as secondary targeting signals responsible for the stable membrane association of lamin B3b in Xenopus eggs. Moreover, transfection experiments with Green Fluorescent Protein lamin tail chimeras and with a Green Fluorescent Protein N-Ras chimera show that these secondary motifs are sufficient to target proteins to the inner nuclear membrane and/or the plasma membrane. Implications for the intracellular trafficking of doubly lipidated proteins are discussed.