gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Regulation of Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) and IRAK-2 by MicroRNA-146a and NF-κB in Stressed Human Astroglial Cells and in Alzheimer Disease (2010)

Specific microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that support homeostatic gene expression, are significantly altered in abundance in human neurological disorders. In monocytes, increased expression of an NF-κB-regulated miRNA-146a down-regulates expression of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), an essential component of Toll-like/IL-1 receptor signaling. Here we extend those observations to the hippocampus and neocortex of Alzheimer disease (AD) brain and to stressed human astroglial (HAG) cells in primary culture. In 66 control and AD samples we note a significant up-regulation of miRNA-146a coupled to down-regulation of IRAK-1 and a compensatory up-regulation of IRAK-2. Using miRNA-146a-, IRAK-1-, or IRAK-2 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs, we observe decreases in IRAK-1 and increases in miRNA-146a and IRAK-2 expression in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and amyloid-β-42 (Aβ42) peptide-stressed HAG cells. NF-κB-mediated transcriptional control of human IRAK-2 was localized to between -119 and +12 bp of the immediate IRAK-2 promoter. The NF-κB inhibitors curcumin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or CAY10512 abrogated both IRAK-2 and miRNA-146a expression, whereas IRAK-1 was up-regulated. Incubation of a protected antisense miRNA-146a was found to inhibit miRNA-146a and restore IRAK-1, whereas IRAK-2 remained unaffected. These data suggest a significantly independent regulation of IRAK-1 and IRAK-2 in AD and in IL-1β+Aβ42 peptide-stressed HAG cells and that an inducible, NF-κB-sensitive, miRNA-146a-mediated down-regulation of IRAK-1 coupled to an NF-κB-induced up-regulation of IRAK-2 expression drives an extensively sustained inflammatory response. The interactive signaling of NF-κB and miRNA-146a further illustrate interplay between inducible transcription factors and pro-inflammatory miRNAs that regulate brain IRAK expression. The combinatorial use of NF-κB inhibitors with miRNA-146a or antisense miRNA-146a may have potential as a bi-pronged therapeutic strategy directed against IRAK-2-driven pathogenic signaling.
Location-centric isolation of misbehavior and trust routing in energy-constrained sensor networks (2005)

We propose a novel, location-centric, architecture for isolating misbehavior and establishing trust routing in sensor networks. Our scheme fits the data-centric nature of sensor networks and is suitable for use in energy-constrained networks. Much of our protocols operate in the sinks relieving the sensors from a lot of functionality. Our protocols select trusted paths that do not include misbehaving nodes, by identifying insecure locations and routing around them efficiently via detour points using embedded blacklists and modified geographic or trajectory routing. For insecure location discovery we propose efficient one-shot probing. Cheat-proofing is achieved using location correlation to remove false reporting. Our simulations show how our scheme effectively increases the throughput and energy-efficiency of a sensor network and alleviates the effect of route infection in geographic routing.
Development of incombustible radio frequency (RF) absorber (2002)

The paper reports on an incombustible inorganic substance-type RF absorber which the author has succeeded in developing as a material to take the place of conventional flammable organic-type RF absorber material. The material of this new RF absorber is composed of super-light cement mortar as a base, to which carbon fibers and also carbon graphite (if and when necessary), are combined. The material is super-light with a specific gravity of about 0.3, stronger than the conventional material and easier to handle. The material is not only incombustible but also small in dispersion, and has excellent RF absorbing performance. Regarding to the ferrite pyramid composite-type RF absorber (hybrid absorber), which has been trial-manufactured using the present material, it has been confirmed that a wave absorbing performance of about 25 dB can be obtained at a high frequency band of more than 30 MHz.
Development of Diversified Methods for Chemical Modification of the 5,6-Double Bond of Uracil Derivatives Depending on Active Methylene Compounds (2012)

The reaction of 5-halogenouracil and uridine derivatives 1 and 7 with active methylene compounds under basic conditions produced diverse and selective C-C bond formation products by virtue of the nature of the carbanions. Three different types of reactions such as the regioselective C-C bond formation at the 5- and 6-positions of uracil and uridine derivatives (products 2, 5, 8, 17, 20 and 21), and the formation of fused heterocycle derivatives 2,4-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (15) and 2,4-diazabicyclo-[4.1.0]nonane (16) via dual C-C bond formations at both the 5- and 6-positions were due to the different active methylene compounds used as reagents.
Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentation via Adversarial Learning of Disease-Specific Spatial Patterns (2020)

In medical imaging, the heterogeneity of multi-centre data impedes the applicability of deep learning-based methods and results in significant performance degradation when applying models in an unseen data domain, e.g. a new centreor a new scanner. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation framework for boosting image segmentation performance across multiple domains without using any manual annotations from the new target domains, but by re-calibrating the networks on few images from the target domain. To achieve this, we enforce architectures to be adaptive to new data by rejecting improbable segmentation patterns and implicitly learning through semantic and boundary information, thus to capture disease-specific spatial patterns in an adversarial optimization. The adaptation process needs continuous monitoring, however, as we cannot assume the presence of ground-truth masks for the target domain, we propose two new metrics to monitor the adaptation process, and strategies to train the segmentation algorithm in a stable fashion. We build upon well-established 2D and 3D architectures and perform extensive experiments on three cross-centre brain lesion segmentation tasks, involving multicentre public and in-house datasets. We demonstrate that recalibrating the deep networks on a few unlabeled images from the target domain improves the segmentation accuracy significantly.
Enhancing RSS Feeds: Eliminating Overhead through Binary Encoding (2005)

While RSS feeds increase in popularity as a mean to stay up to date with the most recent changes on a Web site, its XML representation is causing bandwidth related problems. These issues relate to the verbosity and the indivisible nature of the XML language. As such, bandwidth is wasted twofold as: (1) an RSS feed has no compact representation due to the plain text XML representation; and (2) previously received information about the RSS feed is discarded every time the RSS viewer retrieves the feed. Compression (binary encoding) of the XML data becomes relevant to eliminate the overhead. In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of the MPEG-7 binary format for metadata to address both overhead issues. We validate its usability in a typical RSS scenario by calculating the byte size reduction and by comparing the processing speed of creating and parsing binary encoded RSS feeds to traditional RSS feeds.
Proton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and the hydrogen bond in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and the hydrogen bond in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutionsE. J. Sare, C. T. Moynihan, and C. A. AngellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 15, 1869–1876Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100634a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100634a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates: the future green materials of choice (2010)

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have recently been the focus of attention as a biodegradable and biocompatible substitute for conventional non degradable plastics. The cost of large‐scale production of these polymers has inhibited its widespread use. Thus, economical, large‐scale production of PHAs is currently being studied intensively. Various bacterial strains, either wild‐type or recombinant have been utilized with a wide spectrum of utilizable carbon sources. New fermentation strategies have been developed for the efficient production of PHAs at high concentration and productivity. With the current advances, PHAs can now be produced to a concentration of 80 g L −1 with productivities greater than 4 g PHA L −1 h −1 . These advances will further lower the production cost of PHAs and allow this family of polymers to become a leading biodegradable polymer in the near future. This review describes the properties of PHAs, their uses, the various attempts towards the production of PHAs, focusing on the utilization of cheap substrates and the development of different fermentation strategies for the production of these polymers, an essential step forward towards their widespread use. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Brain Oxidative Energy and Related Metabolism, Neuronal Stress, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Speculative Synthesis (1993)

A reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is one of the most predominant abnormalities generally found in the Alzheimer brain, whereas the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is diminished only slightly or not at all at the beginning of this dementive disorder. From the cerebral metabolic rates of oxidized glucose and oxygen, the cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation rate was calculated in incipient early-onset, incipient late-onset, and stable advanced dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). A reduction in ATP formation by various amounts was found, ranging from at least 7% in incipient early-onset DAT, from around 20% in incipient late-onset DAT, and from 35% up to more than 50% in stable advanced dementia. The cerebral diminution in energy availability, along with a loss of functionally important amino acids, ammonia toxicity, supposed membrane damage, dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, and glycogen accumulation in the incipient stages of DAT are assumed to be stress-related abnormalities capable of inducing the formation of heat shock proteins. These events may lead to an enhanced generation of amyloid precursor protein in earlier states of DAT. If abnormally cleaved, amyloid A4 protein may be produced in increased amounts. From the results discussed in this article it is deduced as a speculative synthesis that perturbations in brain oxidative energy and related metabolism may precede the generation of amyloid precursor protein and the formation of plaques in the brain affected by incipient DAT.
Should Young Students Learn About Box Plots? (2004)

In this chapter, we explore the challenges of learning about box plots and question the rationale for introducing box plots to middle school students (up to 14 years old). Box plots are very valuable tools for data analysis and for those who know how to interpret them. Research has shown, however, that some of their features make them particularly difficult for young students to use in authentic contexts. These difficulties include: a) box plots generally do not allow perceiving individual cases; b) box plots operate differently than other displays students encounter; c) the median is not as intuitive to students as we once suspected; d) quartiles divide the data into groups in ways that few students (or even teachers) really understand. We recommend that educators consider these features as they determine whether, how, and when to introduce box plots to students.
Polarization control of an antireflection-coated GaAlAs laser diode by an external optical feedback (1982)

A polarizer between an antireflection-coated GaAlAs laser diode and an external optical feedback system is used to control the polarization characteristics of the output light and to select the single or multilongitudinal modes (TE/TM) by adjusting the orientation of the polarizer.
Response to Antigenic Determinants of Neisseria Meningitidis Lipopolysaccharide Investigated with A New Radioactive Antigen-Binding Assay (1976)

Abstract Adaptations of the Farr technique have resulted in a specific and reproducible radioactive antigen-binding assay for antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis. LPS was intrinsically labeled with 14C acetate during 16-hr growth in a modified Frantz media, extracted by hot phenol-H2O, and purified by dialysis, ultracentrifugation, and ethanol precipitation. LPS, which aggregates in aqueous solutions, was maintained in a monomeric form in 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaD) as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Since NaD is insoluble in (NH4)2SO4, polyethylene glycol, 20%, was used to precipitate immunoglobulins of all three major classes. Data obtained with the assay provide evidence that host responses to meningococcal LPS vary both quantitatively and qualitatively. Preliminary investigations of these differences by ultra high resolution chromatography indicate that the binding of unchromatographed or “native” LPS represents the summation of individual binding of antigenically distinct molecules, and that the response to these individual determinants within a given LPS may vary considerably from one host to another.
Regiospecific inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions of 7-methylcoumarin-4-azadienes (2015)

Condensation of 7-methylcoumarin-4-carbaldehyde with different anilines affords 7-methylcoumarin-4-azadienes which on Diels–Alder reaction with dihydropyran gives coumarinyl substituted pyranoquinolines.
A mathematical model of glioma growth: the effect of extent of surgical resection (1996)

Abstract. We have developed a mathematical model based on proliferation and infiltration of neoplastic cells that allows predictions to be made concerning the life expectancies following various extents of surgical resection of gliomas of all grades of malignancy. The key model parameters are the growth rate and the diffusion rate. These rates were initially derived from analysis of a case of recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma treated by chemotherapies. Numerical simulations allow us to estimate what would have happened to that patient if various extents of surgical resection, rather than chemotherapies, had been used. In each case, the shell of the infiltrating tumour that remains after ‘gross total removal’ or even a maximal excision continues to grow and regenerates the tumour mass remarkably rapidly. By developing a model that allows the growth and diffusion rates to define the distribution of cells at the time of diagnosis, and then varying these rates by about 50%, we created a hypothetical tumour patient population whose survival times show good agreement with the results recently reported by Kreth for treatments of glioblastomas. Tenfold decreases in the rates of growth and diffusion mimic the results reported by many other investigators with more slowly growing gliomas. Thus, the model quantitatively supports the ideas that (i) gliomas infiltrate so diffusely that they cannot be cured by resection alone, surgical or radiological, no matter how extensive that may be; (ii) the more extensive the resection, regardless of the degree of malignancy of the glioma, the greater the life expectancy; and (iii) measurements of the two rates, growth and diffusion, may be able to predict survival rates better than the current histological estimates of the type and grade of gliomas.
ELECTROCONVECTION EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSFER (1962)

Electroconvection effects on the heat transfer coefficient for dielectric liquids were quantitatively studied by observing the boiling phenomenon and performing experiments on liquids with diversified characteristics. Notable improvements in the exchange coefficients ranging by factors from 4 to 10 may be obtained. The mechanisms connected with each fluid characteristic and leading to such improvements are presented. (auth)
Detection of Macrolide Resistance in<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>by Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis (2008)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia, which is often empirically treated with macrolides or azalides such as erythromycin or azithromycin. Recent studies have discovered the existence of macrolide-resistant strains within the population that have been mapped to mutations within the domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene. Currently, identification of these resistant strains relies on time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, MIC studies, and sequence analysis. The current study reports two distinct real-time PCR assays that can detect the A2063G or A2064G base mutation (A2058G or A2059G by Escherichia coli numbering) conferring macrolide resistance. By subjecting the amplicon of the targeted domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene to a high-resolution melt curve analysis, macrolide-resistant strains can quickly be separated from susceptible strains. Utilizing this method, we screened 100 clinical isolates and found 5 strains to possess mutations conferring resistance. These findings were concordant with both sequencing and MIC data. This procedure was also used successfully to identify both susceptible and resistant genotypes in 23 patient specimens. These patient specimens tested positive for the presence of M. pneumoniae by a separate real-time PCR assay, although the bacteria could not be isolated by culture. This is the first report of a real-time PCR assay capable of detecting the dominant mutations that confer macrolide resistance on M. pneumoniae, and these assays may have utility in detecting resistant strains of other infectious agents. These assays may also allow for clinicians to select appropriate treatment options more rapidly and may provide a convenient method to conduct surveillance for genetic mutations conferring antibiotic resistance.
Women's Studies (1984)

A poem by Sheila D. Collins. Reprinted from Radical Religion 1 nos. 3 and 4.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Polyhedral Boranes for Medical Applications: Current Status and Perspectives (2009)

Abstract This review focuses on the current status and perspectives of the application of polyhedral boron hydrides in medicine. The main topics discussed are boron neutron capture therapy for cancer and radionuclide diagnostics and therapy. X‐ray contrast diagnostics, antitumor activity of some metal derivatives of carboranes, and drug design including carborane fragments are discussed as well.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Chromosome aberration analysis in atomic bomb survivors and Thorotrast patients using two- and three-colour chromosome painting of chromosomal subsets (1996)

Chromosomal translocations in peripheral lymphocytes of three healthy Hiroshima atomic (A)-bomb survivors, as well as three Thorotrast patients and two non-irradiated age-matched control persons from the German Thorotrast study were studied by two- and three-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (chromosome painting) with various combinations of whole chromosome composite probes, including chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12. Translocation frequencies detected by chromosome painting in cells of the A-bomb survivors were compared with results obtained by G-banding. A direct comparison was made, i.e. only those cells with simple translocations or complex aberrations detected by G-banding were taken into consideration which in principle could be detected also with the respective painting combination. The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences from a 1:1 relationship between the frequencies of aberrant cells obtained by both methods. The use of genomic translocation frequencies estimated from subsets of chromosomes for biological dosimetry is discussed in the light of evidence that chromosomes occupy distinct territories and are variably arranged in human lymphocyte nuclei. This territorial organization of interphase chromosomes implies that translocations will be restricted to chromatin located at the periphery of adjacent chromosome territories.
[Immunologic aspects of allergic conditions formation in female workers of contemporary poultry factories]. (2010)

The article presents results of studies covering immune parameters in female workers of contemporary poultry factories. Occupational factors were proved to affect all immunity divisions. The authors suggested coefficient for latent sensitization diagnosis.
Free and Conjugated Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) Contents in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing the <i>iaaM</i> and <i>iaaH</i> IAA Biosynthesis Genes from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (1991)

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA gene iaaM was introduced by leaf-disc transformation into transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing the iaaH gene. Regenerated calli were screened for the presence of indole-3-acetamide (IAM), by gas chromatography-multiple ion monitoring-mass spectrometry, and IAM-containing calli were further analyzed for free and conjugated indoleacetic acid (IAA). It was found that transgenic calli on average contained twice as much free IAA and three times more conjugated IAA than calli from wild-type plants. About 40% of the transformed calli could be regenerated to plants. The distribution of free and conjugated IAA was measured in transformed plants with a normal phenotype and compared with equivalent wild-type plants. The IAA content of transgenic plants was only slightly increased, whereas IAA-conjugate levels were enhanced significantly. These data suggest that conjugation of IAA may serve as a regulatory mechanism, contributing to maintenance of steady-state IAA pool sizes during tobacco growth and development.
Extracting Story Units from Video using Contextual Information (2000)

In this paper, we propose a story unit extraction method using contextual information in video shots. We divide the contextual information into two categories: local and global contextual information. We represent the local contextual information in the video shot as foreground region&apos;s information, shot activity, and background color semantics. The global contextual information is determined by local contextual similarity and time locality. It also takes into account the effect of surrounding or neighboring shots. Using contextual information, we extract desirable story unit boundaries from video shots. 1
EEG Changes in Metabolic Disorders (1968)

(1968). EEG Changes in Metabolic Disorders. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 41-58.