gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>CAP1</i> , an Adenylate Cyclase-Associated Protein Gene, Regulates Bud-Hypha Transitions, Filamentous Growth, and Cyclic AMP Levels and Is Required for Virulence of <i>Candida albicans</i> (2001)

In response to a wide variety of environmental stimuli, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans exits the budding cycle, producing germ tubes and hyphae concomitant with expression of virulence genes, such as that encoding hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1). Biochemical studies implicate cyclic AMP (cAMP) increases in promoting bud-hypha transitions, but genetic evidence relating genes that control cAMP levels to bud-hypha transitions has not been reported. Adenylate cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) of nonpathogenic fungi interact with Ras and adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels under specific environmental conditions. To initiate studies on the relationship between cAMP signaling and bud-hypha transitions in C. albicans, we identified, cloned, characterized, and disrupted the C. albicans CAP1 gene. C. albicans strains with inactivated CAP1 budded in conditions that led to germ tube formation in isogenic strains with CAP1. The addition of 10 mM cAMP and dibutyryl cAMP promoted bud-hypha transitions and filamentous growth in the cap1/cap1 mutant in liquid and solid media, respectively, showing clearly that cAMP promotes hypha formation in C. albicans. Increases in cytoplasmic cAMP preceding germ tube emergence in strains having CAP1 were markedly diminished in the budding cap1/cap1 mutant. C. albicans strains with deletions of both alleles of CAP1 were avirulent in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. The avirulence of a germ tube-deficient cap1/cap1 mutant coupled with the role of Cap1 in regulating cAMP levels shows that the Cap1-mediated cAMP signaling pathway is required for bud-hypha transitions, filamentous growth, and the pathogenesis of candidiasis.
Ultrasonic thermometry system for measuring very high temperatures in reactor safety experiments (1979)

Ultrasonic thermometry has many potential applications in reactor safety experiments, where extremely high temperatures and lack of visual access may preclude the use of conventional diagnostics. This report details ultrasonic thermometry requirements for one such experiment, the molten fuel pool experiment. Sensors, transducers, and signal processing electronics are described in detail. Axial heat transfer in the sensors is modelled and found acceptably small. Measurement errors, calculations of their effect, and ways to minimize them are given. A rotating sensor concept is discussed which holds promise of alleviating sticking problems at high temperature. Applications of ultrasonic thermometry to three in-core experiments are described. In them, five 10-mm-length sensor elements were used to measure axial temperatures in a UO/sub 2/ or UO/sub 2/-steel system fission-heated to about 2860/sup 0/C.
A Notch-Strengthening Effect in Fresh-Water Ice (1990)

Abstract Tensile tests have been performed on notched and unnotched cylindrical samples of randomly oriented polycrystalline ice of controlled grain-size (between 2.2 and 7.3 mm) at a loading rate of 100Pa s −1 and at a temperature of −10°C In the notched samples, the notch-root diameter was 80% of the base diameter. A notch-strengthening effect was observed in the large-grained ice, with fracture stresses being up to 50% higher than that for unnotched samples of the same grain-size. This notch-strengthening effect diminished as grain-size decreased, disappearing at a grain-size of ≈3 mm. The notch-strengthening effect is explained in terms of the triaxial stress constraint at the notch root. This triaxial constraint results in a change in the controlling mechanism of fracture from crack propagation in the unnotched samples to crack initiation in the notched samples.
Design insights for reliable energy efficient OxRAM-based flip-flop in 28nm FD-SOI (2015)

This paper investigates the design architecture and the optimum resistance state values for high-endurance, high-yield energy-efficient OxRAM-based non-volatile flip-flops (NVFF) for ultra-low power applications in 28nm FD-SOI. Silicon measurements demonstrate that a low programming current improves endurance, but at the expense of a reduced memory window (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> /R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ). Statistical analyses show that the scaling limitation of the NVFF operating voltage in restore mode can be overcome with a narrow memory window by using a current-based design solution. Low variability of the FD-SOI enables to operate down-to 0.7V with more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> of endurance cycles.
Critical Discussion on Alexander Wendt’s Quantum Social Science (2016)

본 논문은 구성주의 국제정치이론가인 알렉산더 웬트가 2015년에 출간한『양자적 마음과 사회과학: 물리, 사회 존재론의 통합(Quantum Mind and Social Science: Unifying Physical and Social Ontology)』에서 논의하고 있는 양자사회과학, 그리고 양자 국제정치학의 윤곽을 비판적으로 논의하기 위한 것이다. 웬트는 그간 자신의 구성주의에 대한 다양한 비판들, 즉, 구조 개념의 기초가 되는 과학적 실재론이 적절한지에 대한 비판, 인식론을 동반하지 않은 존재론 중심의 논의 전개, 물적 구조와 관념적 구조 간의 애매한 관계 설정, 국가 단위 중심의 논의, 경험적 연구로 연결되지 못하는 메타이론의 한계 등 다양한 논의에 대응하려고 노력해왔다. 웬트는 이 책에서 양자물리학에 기초하여 자연과학과 사회과학의 존재론을 통합하고 이를 바탕으로 구성주의의 메타이론으로 기초를 다지려는 시도를 하고 있다. 웬트는 인간, 사회, 국가, 국제관계의 존재의 층위를 포괄적으로 다루는 과정에서 사회과학을 넘어 자연과학과 철학의 주요 문제들을 포괄적으로 다루고 있는데 과연 이러한 논의들이 향후 국제정치학 이론에 어떠한 기여를 할 수 있는지, 양자사회과학과 양자 구성주의 국제정치학 이론이 과연 현실을 더 잘 설명할 수 있는 경험이론이 될 수 있을 것인지 등을 비판적으로 논의해 볼 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 웬트의 양자 사회과학 이론의 요점을 논의해보고, 향후 구성주의 국제정치이론에 대한 기여를 비판적으로 살펴본다.
Technical, economical and regulatory aspects of Virtual Power Plants (2008)

With the growing energy consumption in the world, new technologies will influence the way we produce, distribute and consume energy. Beside others, decentralized energy generation becomes a major trend in many countries. Wind converters, fuel cells, bio mass units, micro turbines and combined heat and power units belong to these new and innovative generation technologies. New concepts like virtual power plants can support an improved integration of decentralized generators into electrical networks. Virtual power plants are combinations of a number of decentralized generators and controllable loads which are supervised and optimized by a decentralized energy management system. This paper will present a technical concept for virtual power plants using the latest software technology. It will show that the owner and the operator of these virtual power plants can obtain a sustainable technical, economical and ecological benefit. It discusses some regulatory aspects influencing the competitiveness of virtual power plants in a deregulated market environment based on the basis of the German example.
Correlation between serum levels of some cholesterol precursors and activity of HMG-CoA reductase in human liver (1987)

The possibility that the serum concentrations of various cholesterol precursors may reflect the activity of the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was investigated in humans under different conditions. The serum levels of squalene, free and esterified lanosterol, (4 alpha, 4 beta, 14 alpha-trimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8, 24-dien-3 beta-ol), two dimethylsterols (4 alpha, 4 beta-dimethyl-5 beta-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol and 4 alpha, 4 beta-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholest-8, 24-dien-3 beta-ol), two methostenols (4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol and 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol), two lathosterols (5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol and 5 alpha-cholest-8-en-3 beta-ol) and desmosterol (cholest-5, 24-dien-3 beta-ol) were measured in untreated patients (n = 7) and patients treated with cholestyramine (QuestranR, 8 g twice daily for 2-3 weeks, n = 5) or chenodeoxycholic acid (15 mg/kg body weight daily for 3-4 weeks, n = 8) prior to elective cholecystectomy. The activity of the hepatic microsomal HMG-CoA reductase was measured in liver biopsies taken in connection with the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pattern Recognition Molecules Activated by <i>Chlamydia muridarum</i> Infection of Cloned Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cell Lines (2005)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States and a major cause of female infertility due to infection-induced Fallopian tube scarring. Epithelial cells are likely central to host defense and pathophysiology as they are the principal cell type productively infected by C. trachomatis. We generated cloned murine oviduct epithelial cell lines without viral or chemical transformation to investigate the role of the TLRs and cytosolic nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat proteins Nod1 and Nod2 in epithelial responses to Chlamydia muridarum infection. RT-PCR assays detected mRNA for TLR2 (TLRs 1 and 6), TLR3, and TLR5. No mRNA was detected for TLRs 4, 7, 8, and 9. Messenger RNAs for Nod1 and Nod2 were present in the epithelial cell lines. Oviduct epithelial cell lines infected with C. muridarum or exposed to the TLR2 agonist peptidoglycan secreted representative acute phase cytokines IL-6 and GM-CSF in a MyD88-dependent fashion. Infected epithelial cell lines secreted the immunomodulatory cytokine IFN-beta, even though C. muridarum does not have a clear pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for triggering IFN-beta transcription. The oviduct epithelial lines did not secrete IFN-beta in response to the TLR2 agonist peptidoglycan or to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). Our data identify TLR2 as the principal TLR responsible for secretion of acute phase cytokines by C. muridarum-infected oviduct epithelial cell lines. The pattern recognition molecule responsible for infection-induced IFN-beta secretion by oviduct epithelial cells remains to be determined.
Neural networks for supervised pitch tracking in noise (2014)

Determination of pitch in noise is challenging because of corrupted harmonic structure. In this paper, we extract pitch using supervised learning, where probabilistic pitch states are directly learned from noisy speech. We investigate two alternative neural networks modeling the pitch states given observations. The first one is the feedforward deep neural network (DNN), which is trained on static frame-level features. The second one is the recurrent deep neural network (RNN) capable of learning the temporal dynamics trained on sequential frame-level features. Both DNNs and RNNs produce accurate probabilistic outputs of pitch states, which are then connected into pitch contours by Viterbi decoding. Our systematic evaluation shows that the proposed pitch tracking approaches are robust to different noise conditions and significantly outperform current state-of-the-art pitch tracking techniques.
A truncated heavy chain protein relieves the requirement for surrogate light chains in early B cell development (1997)

Early B cell development depends upon the surface expression of Ig heavy chain protein (mu) in a signaling complex known as the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). In addition to mu, the pre-BCR consists of the surrogate light chains VpreB and lambda5 and the transmembrane signal transduction proteins Ig-alpha and Ig-beta. Expression of this complex is associated with changes in surface marker expression, gene transcription, and Ig gene rearrangement. Mutations preventing the expression of either mu or lambda5 result in developmental arrest, but the precise roles of the various components of the pre-BCR remain unclear. Using mice transgenic for a surface-expressed, but truncated, form of mu that cannot associate with surrogate light chains, we have studied the role of surrogate light chains in B cell development. We found that expression of the truncated mu transgene resulted in changes in surface marker expression, germline kappa locus transcription, and V(D)J recombinase targeting indistinguishable from those induced by intact mu protein. These experiments lead us to conclude that surrogate light chains, while necessary for the assembly of the wild-type pre-BCR, are not directly involved in pre-BCR signaling or otherwise required for early B cell development.
Finite state machine partitioning for low power (2003)

Clock-gating is an effective approach to reduce power consumption of finite state machines (FSMs) which have plenty of self-loop events. To effectively apply the clock gating technique, the occurrence probability of self-loops in a FSM has to be maximized. In this paper we present a technique based on output partitioning to decompose a FSM into interactive sub-FSMs to increase the self-loop probability of each sub-FSM which in turn reduces the power consumption. Experimental results show that significant increase of the self-loop probability is achieved and power consumption is reduced with a moderate area overhead.
Substitution effect of Y3+ with Ca2+ in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (abstract) (1991)

The oxide superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ is known to have a rather free entrance of oxygen into the CuO chain between the BaO layers, and the oxygen deficiency δ is closely related with the critical temperature Tc. (1) When Y3+ site is substituted with Ca2+, the position of the oxygen vacancy is not on the Cu–O plane, but on the CuO chain as well as in the case of YBa2Cu3O7−δ. (2) When this substitution is done, electric neutrality is kept by the release of a half O2− for one Y3+ substitution with one Ca2+. (3) Therefore, the concentration of the positive hole is constant for this substitution, and Tc of the system is kept at the rather high temperature of about 86 K. (4) The relation between Tc and the hole concentration is in good agreement with the non-Ca2+ containing YBCO, and it can be said as a conclusion that the substitution of Y3+ with Ca2+ does not give any effect on the mechanism of the superconductivity of this system. (5) The crystallinity of the system is improved by the substitution to be better sintered and to have more narrow width of the critical temperature.
<title>Evaluation of proximity effects using three-dimensional optical lithography simulation</title> (1996)

The use of optical lithography modeling as a tool for evaluating proximity effects is described. An extension of the critical dimension error for a one-dimensional mask feature to a critical shape error for a two-dimensional mask feature is presented. Simulation is applied to the evaluation of mask shaping (also called optical proximity correction) using the critical shape error as a metric.
The Effects of a Novel Series of Selective Inhibitors of Arachidonate 5‐Lipoxygenase on Anaphylactic and Inflammatory Responses (1988)

In conclusion, we have described a novel series of acetohydroxamic acids that are potent and selective inhibitors of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have shown that these compounds attenuate "leukotriene-dependent" anaphylactic bronchospasm, the accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes, and the development of fever in experimental models. It now remains to be determined if these compounds have any therapeutic value in man.
Electrocardiographic patterns in diabetics without clinical ischemic heart disease. (1983)

Resting ECG patterns were studied in 42 young diabetic patients and in 40 matched control subjects. There was no clinical ischemic heart disease in either group. Discriminant analysis showed significant differences between the two groups: diabetics typically had a higher heart rate, a leftward frontal QRS axis, a prolonged corrected QT interval and ST segment and T wave changes. Using resting ECG variables we were able to correctly classify 62 (75%) of the 82 patients studied. The findings support the existence of a nonischemic diabetic cardiopathy.
Multi-species biofilms: how to avoid unfriendly neighbors (2012)

Multi-species biofilm communities are environments in which complex but ill understood exchanges between bacteria occur. Although monospecies cultures are still widely used in the laboratory, new approaches have been undertaken to study interspecies interactions within mixed communities. This review describes our current understanding of competitive relationships involving nonbiocidal biosurfactants, enzymes, and metabolites produced by bacteria and other microorganisms. These molecules target all steps of biofilm formation, ranging from inhibition of initial adhesion to matrix degradation, jamming of cell-cell communications, and induction of biofilm dispersion. This review presents available data on nonbiocidal molecules and provides a new perspective on competitive interactions within biofilms that could lead to antibiofilm strategies of potential biomedical interest.
K-way partitioning based packing for FPGA logic blocks without input bandwidth constraint (2012)

Cluster-based logic blocks from most commercial FPGA products do not have an input bandwidth constraint, i.e., limiting the number of signals going from routing channels into the block. We show that high quality packing for such logic blocks can be easily achieved based on k-way partitioning. We implemented 2 such packing tools: PPack (routability-only) and its timing driven version TPPack. Experimental results show that they have superior quality. Compared to T-VPack, PPack reduces total wire-length and minimal channel width by 22.6% and 22.6% with a 1.9% performance gain; TPPack reduces total wire-length and minimal channel width by 20.0% and 20.2% with a 9.0% performance gain. These results are achieved at no loss of utilization.
Hantavirus Gc glycoprotein: evidence for a class II fusion protein (2005)

Hantavirus cell entry is promoted by its envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, through cell attachment and by fusion between viral and endosomal membranes at low pH. However, the role of Gn and Gc in receptor binding and cell fusion has not yet been defined. In this work, a sequence presenting characteristics similar to those of class II fusion peptides (FPs) of alphavirus E1 and flavivirus E proteins is identified within the hantavirus Gc glycoprotein. A three-dimensional comparative molecular model based on crystallographic data of tick-borne encephalitis virus E protein is proposed for the Andes virus (ANDV) Gc ectodomain, which supports a feasible class II fusion-protein fold. In vitro experimental evidence is provided for the binding activity of the ANDV FP candidate to artificial membranes, as demonstrated by fluorescence anisotropy assays. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the Gc glycoprotein of hantaviruses and of other members of the family Bunyaviridae directs the viral fusion activity and that it may be classified as a class II viral fusion protein.
Visualizing text data sets (1999)

The authors present a visualization methodology which provides users with a way to alter perspectives and interpret visualization so that they can quickly identify trends, outliers, and possible clusters while tuning for a particular context. The technology developed for text mining is called Trust, or Text Representation Using Subspace Transformation. Trust provides an analysis environment that can supply meaningful representations of text documents; it also supports the functional ability to visually present a collection of documents in a meaningful context that allows for user insight and textual content. Contrary to other similar technologies, Trust applies a novel analysis ability that allows different subspaces to generate views, providing content information for the basis of the visualization and allowing an analyst to specify subspaces for it based on content.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhances Post-Pneumonectomy Lung Growth by Alveolar Proliferation (2002)

KGF enhances compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy in adult rats as indicated by increased LWI, LVI, and CPI. KGF induces new alveolar formation, as indicated by increases in Sv and TVvr. We believe that this is the first evidence that KGF can induce new alveolar formation in mature lungs.
If Artemisinin Drugs Fail, What's Plan B? (2010)

If the current generation of artemisinin-based combination therapies should fail, does the world have a solid backup plan? The short answer: No.
Nonequilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Ophthalmology (2013)

In this article we report initial experiments applying nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure, pulsed, floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge in ophthalmology. We show that plasma can be applied to the eye both ex vivo in explanted pig eyes and in vivo in live rabbits and pigs. The results show effective sterilization below the threshold of significant damage to the cornea. This research is in the initial stages but is instrumental in the understanding of plasma's ability to become a novel therapeutic tool in ophthalmology.
Biocontrol by Phenazine-1-carboxamide-Producing <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> PCL1391 of Tomato Root Rot Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>radicis-lycopersici</i> (1998)

Seventy bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of tomato were screened for antagonistic activity against the tomato foot and root rot-causing fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. One isolate, strain PCL1391, appeared to be an efficient colonizer of tomato roots and an excellent biocontrol strain in an F. oxysporum/tomato test system. Strain PCL1391 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and further characterization showed that it produces a broad spectrum of antifungal factors (AFFs), including a hydrophobic compound, hydrogen cyanide, chitinase(s), and protease(s). Through mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the hydrophobic compound was identified as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN). We have studied the production and action of this AFF both in vitro and in vivo. Using a PCL1391 transposon mutant, with a lux reporter gene inserted in the phenazine biosynthetic operon (phz), we showed that this phenazine biosynthetic mutant was substantially decreased in both in vitro antifungal activity and biocontrol activity. Moreover, with the same mutant it was shown that the phz biosynthetic operon is expressed in the tomato rhizosphere. Comparison of the biocontrol activity of the PCN-producing strain PCL1391 with those of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA)-producing strains P. fluorescens 2-79 and P. aureofaciens 30-84 showed that the PCN-producing strain is able to suppress disease in the tomato/F. oxysporum system, whereas the PCA-producing strains are not. Comparison of in vitro antifungal activity of PCN and PCA showed that the antifungal activity of PCN was at least 10 times higher at neutral pH, suggesting that this may contribute to the superior biocontrol performance of strain PCL1391 in the tomato/F. oxysporum system.
A review of sigma-delta modulation structures (1989)

The increasing availability of high capacity data communication networks has generated a demand for accurate, fast and low power dissipation analogue to digital signal converters. Such converters are now required to convert a wide range of signals to binary weighted pulse code modulated format. The use of sigma-delta modulation for the primary data conversion is very attractive, since it uses a one bit quantizer and requires no sample and hold. The sampling rate employed is much faster than the highest frequency in the message signal (oversampling). The high accuracy conversion is achieved as a result of the modulator operating as a self adaptive, fast limit cycling system. The digital output data from the modulator, containing quantization noise principally out of the signal band, is subsequently filtered and code converted digitally. A complete converter may be realised in integrated form using a combination of CMOS linear and digital circuitry.<
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