gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER HONEYCOMB SHORT SPAN BRIDGE FOR RAPID INSTALLATION (1997)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project designed, fabricated and tested a lightweight composite bridge using structural panels made of a proprietary fiber-reinforced polymer honeycomb. Work in Stage 1 involved design and bench-scale testing of a composite bridge section for mechanical and structural properties and safety aspects and for developing design specifications for a full-scale on-site erection. Stage 2 involved fabrication and field testing of a bridge panel under highway conditions. A center bridge panel made from fiberglass composite honeycomb with a polymer concrete wear surface, was constructed and tested under actual loaded trucks at No-Name Creek three miles west of Russell, Kansas. The panel was 23 ft 3 in. (7.1 m) long, 9 ft (2.7 m) wide, and 22 in. (0.56 m) thick and weighed 8000 lb (3629 kg). The unsupported span was 21 ft 3 in. (6.5 m). The loads and stresses were monitored, starting at approximately 10,000 lb (4526 kg) axle load and increasing by approximately 10,000 lb (4526 kg) to a maximum load of 62,580 lb (28,386 kg). All deflections were found to be within 5% of design predictions. The successful performance test proves the practical feasibility and commercial viability of the concept.
Magnetic field sensitive amplifier with temperature compensation (2003)

Reports on the use of the split-drain device in an operational amplifier configuration where the amplifier input offset voltage is modulated linearly by the incident magnetic field. The sensitivity can be adjusted by changing the closed-loop gain. With reasonable gains (10) and 50- mu A bias currents, equivalent sensitivities of 16 kV/AT are obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An N-aminopyridone–pyridazine rearrangement; a new decarbonylation reaction (1969)

Oxidation of 1-amino-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylpyrid-2(1H)-one (I) results in loss of carbon monoxide, rather than nitrogen, to give tetraphenylpyridazine (II); this new rearrangement is thought to involve ring expansion of the amino-nitrene, valence isomerization, and extrusion of carbon monoxide.
How do the gauche and anomeric effects drive the pseudorotational equilibrium of the pentofuranose moiety of nucleosides? (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHow do the gauche and anomeric effects drive the pseudorotational equilibrium of the pentofuranose moiety of nucleosides?Janez Plavec, Weimin Tong, and Jyoti ChattopadhyayaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9734–9746Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1178Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bacterial Regulatory Networks Include Direct Contact of Response Regulator Proteins: Interaction of RegA and NtrX in <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> (2007)

The formation of photosynthetic complexes in facultatively photosynthetic bacteria is controlled by the oxygen tension in the environment. In Rhodobacter capsulatus the two-component system RegB/RegA plays a major role in the redox control of photosynthesis genes but also controls other redox-dependent systems. The response regulator RegA is phosphorylated under low oxygen tension and activates the puf and puc operons, which encode pigment binding proteins, by binding to their promoter regions. Data from a yeast two-hybrid analysis as well as an in vitroanalysis indicate that RegA interacts with the NtrX protein, the response regulator of the NtrY/NtrX two-component system which is believed to be involved in regulation of nitrogen fixation genes. Our further analysis revealed that NtrX is indeed involved in the regulation of the puf and puc operons. Furthermore, we showed that an altered NtrX protein, which is predicted to adopt the conformation of phosphorylated NtrX protein, binds within the puf promoter region close to the RegA binding sites. We conclude that a direct interaction of two response regulators connects the regulatory systems for redox control and nitrogen control.
MFNet: Towards real-time semantic segmentation for autonomous vehicles with multi-spectral scenes (2017)

This work addresses the semantic segmentation of images of street scenes for autonomous vehicles based on a new RGB-Thermal dataset, which is also introduced in this paper. An increasing interest in self-driving vehicles has brought the adaptation of semantic segmentation to self-driving systems. However, recent research relating to semantic segmentation is mainly based on RGB images acquired during times of poor visibility at night and under adverse weather conditions. Furthermore, most of these methods only focused on improving performance while ignoring time consumption. The aforementioned problems prompted us to propose a new convolutional neural network architecture for multi-spectral image segmentation that enables the segmentation accuracy to be retained during real-time operation. We benchmarked our method by creating an RGB-Thermal dataset in which thermal and RGB images are combined. We showed that the segmentation accuracy was significantly increased by adding thermal infrared information.
Protección de marca notoria y copycat packaging: a propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo núm. 450/2015, de 2 de septiembre (caso Oreo) (2016)

El presente articulo reflexiona sobre la eficacia de la proteccion de la marca notoria de empresas lideres frente a la imitacion por parte de competidoras en la presentacion y envases de productos (copycat packaging), a la vista de la reciente Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo num. 450/2015, de 2 de septiembre (caso Oreo). En particular, se analizan criticamente tres cuestiones controvertidas planteadas en la sentencia: la caducidad de la marca por uso de la misma en forma distinta a la registrada; la infraccion de marca por aprovechamiento o perjuicio de su notoriedad o caracter distintivo; y la existencia de actos de competencia desleal de confusion y aprovechamiento de reputacion ajena.
PDNAsite: Identification of DNA-binding Site from Protein Sequence by Incorporating Spatial and Sequence Context (2016)

Protein-DNA interactions are involved in many fundamental biological processes essential for cellular function. Most of the existing computational approaches employed only the sequence context of the target residue for its prediction. In the present study, for each target residue, we applied both the spatial context and the sequence context to construct the feature space. Subsequently, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) was applied to remove the redundancies in the feature space. Finally, a predictor (PDNAsite) was developed through the integration of the support vector machines (SVM) classifier and ensemble learning. Results on the PDNA-62 and the PDNA-224 datasets demonstrate that features extracted from spatial context provide more information than those from sequence context and the combination of them gives more performance gain. An analysis of the number of binding sites in the spatial context of the target site indicates that the interactions between binding sites next to each other are important for protein-DNA recognition and their binding ability. The comparison between our proposed PDNAsite method and the existing methods indicate that PDNAsite outperforms most of the existing methods and is a useful tool for DNA-binding site identification. A web-server of our predictor (http://hlt.hitsz.edu.cn:8080/PDNAsite/) is made available for free public accessible to the biological research community.
Effective Raman gain characteristics in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers (2004)

We describe the dopant dependence of Raman gain in germanium- and fluorine-doped optical fibers. We clarify, both theoretically and experimentally, the effective Raman gain characteristic in an optical fiber, which is closely related to the fiber's refractive-index profile and electromagnetic field profile. We also show that this experimentally determined relationship can be used to evaluate the effective Raman gain characteristic in a germaninum- or a fluorine-doped optical fiber with an arbitrary index profile.
Linear Electro-Optic Effect in Ferroelectric KTN (1967)

The low-frequency linear electro-optic coefficients have been measured in ferroelectric KTN (KTax Nb1−xO3) as a function of temperature. A measurement of the field-induced retardation shows that the half-wave voltage is about one 100th of that for KDP and about one half that for BaTiO3. The half-wave voltage increases from about 20 V at 3°C below the Curie point to approximately 115 V at 40°C below the Curie point. The possibility of tailoring the Curie point by varying the Ta-to-Nb ratio therefore makes KTN attractive for light modulation and deflection.An ac technique was developed to determine the electro-optic coefficient r42. This coefficient is extremely large, showing the expected increase towards the orthorhombic transition temperature but it is not useful for modulation or deflection.
Deoxycholic acid at neutral and acid pH, is genotoxic to oesophageal cells through the induction of ROS: the potential role of anti-oxidants in Barrett's oesophagus (2006)

Bile acids are often refluxed into the lower oesophagus and are candidate carcinogens in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We show here that the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), is the only one of the commonly refluxed bile acids tested here, to show genotoxicity, in terms of chromosome damage and mutation induction in the human p53 gene. This genotoxicity was apparent at both neutral and acidic pH, whilst there was a considerable increase in bile-induced toxicity at acidic pH. The higher levels of cell death and low cell survival rates at acidic pH may imply that acid bile exposure is toxic rather than carcinogenic, as dead cells do not seed cancer development. We also show that DCA (at neutral and acid pH) induced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cytoplasm of exposed cells. We further demonstrate that the genotoxicity of DCA is ROS mediated, as micronucleus induction was significantly reduced when cells were treated with DCA + the anti-oxidant vitamin C. In conclusion, we show that DCA, is an effective genotoxin at both neutral and acidic pH. As bile acids like DCA can induce DNA damage at neutral pH, suppressing the acidity of the refluxate will not completely remove its carcinogenic potential. The genotoxicity of DCA is however, ROS dependent, hence anti-oxidant supplementation, in addition to acid suppression may block DCA driven carcinogenesis in Barrett's patients.
Cerebral Microembolic Signals During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (1997)

A significantly higher number of cerebral MES were detected during VR than during CABG. The highest number occurred in VR patients when effective heart ejection was regained and in CABG patients when the aorta was cross-clamped and on release of the side clamp. The total number of MES increased at lower nasopharyngeal temperatures. Transcranial Doppler monitoring may alert the surgical team when emboli enter the cerebral circulation during CPB surgery, thus allowing preventive measures to be taken.
<i>In vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i>) growth promotion by nonmycorrhizal fungal colonization (2003)

• Here peppermint growth and terpene production of in vitro generated plants (Mentha piperita) in response to inoculation with a leaf fungal endophyte were characterized. • Peppermint plants were studied by means of morphometric, biochemical and image analysis, employing both in vitro and in pot cultures. Leaf essential oils were analysed by gascromatography-mass spectrometry. • The endophyte induced profound effects on the growth of peppermint, which responded with taller plants bearing more expanded leaves. The observed increase of leaf dry matter over leaf area suggested a real improvement of peppermint metabolic and photosynthetic apparatus. Root architecture was of the herring-bone type, showing greater dry biomass percentage over the total. A sustained lowering of (+)-menthofuran and an increase of (+)-menthol percentage concentrations were found in plants from both in vitro and pot cultures. • The study represents the first report on specialized endophytic fungi in peppermint green tissues and highlights some of the principal morphological and biochemical aspects of this mutualism. Effects exerted on plant growth and essential oil production in peppermint suggest further biotechnological applications.
Xylanase and Acetyl Xylan Esterase Activities of XynA, a Key Subunit of the <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> Cellulosome for Xylan Degradation (2002)

The Clostridium cellulovorans xynA gene encodes the cellulosomal endo-1,4-beta-xylanase XynA, which consists of a family 11 glycoside hydrolase catalytic domain (CD), a dockerin domain, and a NodB domain. The recombinant acetyl xylan esterase (rNodB) encoded by the NodB domain exhibited broad substrate specificity and released acetate not only from acetylated xylan but also from other acetylated substrates. rNodB acted synergistically with the xylanase CD of XynA for hydrolysis of acetylated xylan. Immunological analyses revealed that XynA corresponds to a major xylanase in the cellulosomal fraction. These results indicate that XynA is a key enzymatic subunit for xylan degradation in C. cellulovorans.
Sentinel node procedure in low-stage/low-grade penile carcinomas (2006)

These data indicate that penile carcinomas with a diameter of >3 cm should be investigated with SLN biopsy regardless of stage. However, multicentre studies are needed in order to obtain the appropriate number of patients.
How slow is the <i>k</i> -means method? (2006)

The k-means method is an old but popular clustering algorithm known for its observed speed and its simplicity. Until recently, however, no meaningful theoretical bounds were known on its running time. In this paper, we demonstrate that the worst-case running time of k-means is superpolynomial by improving the best known lower bound from Ω(n) iterations to 2Ω(√n).
Cytoprotective activated protein C averts Nlrp3 inflammasome–induced ischemia-reperfusion injury via mTORC1 inhibition (2017)

Cytoprotection by activated protein C (aPC) after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with apoptosis inhibition. However, IRI is hallmarked by inflammation, and hence, cell-death forms disjunct from immunologically silent apoptosis are, in theory, more likely to be relevant. Because pyroptosis (ie, cell death resulting from inflammasome activation) is typically observed in IRI, we speculated that aPC ameliorates IRI by inhibiting inflammasome activation. Here we analyzed the impact of aPC on inflammasome activity in myocardial and renal IRIs. aPC treatment before or after myocardial IRI reduced infarct size and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in mice. Kinetic in vivo analyses revealed that Nlrp3 inflammasome activation preceded myocardial injury and apoptosis, corroborating a pathogenic role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome. The constitutively active <i>Nlrp3<sup>A350V</sup></i> mutation abolished the protective effect of aPC, demonstrating that Nlrp3 suppression is required for aPC-mediated protection from IRI. In vitro aPC inhibited inflammasome activation in macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts via proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Accordingly, inhibiting PAR-1 signaling, but not the anticoagulant properties of aPC, abolished the ability of aPC to restrict Nlrp3 inflammasome activity and tissue damage in myocardial IRI. Targeting biased PAR-1 signaling via parmodulin-2 restricted mTORC1 and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and limited myocardial IRI as efficiently as aPC. The relevance of aPC-mediated Nlrp3 inflammasome suppression after IRI was corroborated in renal IRI, where the tissue protective effect of aPC was likewise dependent on Nlrp3 inflammasome suppression. These studies reveal that aPC protects from IRI by restricting mTORC1-dependent inflammasome activation and that mimicking biased aPC PAR-1 signaling using parmodulins may be a feasible therapeutic approach to combat IRI.
Usher syndrome: molecular links of pathogenesis, proteins and pathways (2006)

Usher syndrome is the most common form of deaf-blindness. The syndrome is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and to date, eight causative genes have been identified. The proteins encoded by these genes are part of a dynamic protein complex that is present in hair cells of the inner ear and in photoreceptor cells of the retina. The localization of the Usher proteins and the phenotype in animal models indicate that the Usher protein complex is essential in the morphogenesis of the stereocilia bundle in hair cells and in the calycal processes of photoreceptor cells. In addition, the Usher proteins are important in the synaptic processes of both cell types. The association of other proteins with the complex indicates functional links to a number of basic cell-biological processes. Prominently present is the connection to the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, involved in cellular morphology, cell polarity and cell-cell interactions. The Usher protein complex can also be linked to the cadherins/catenins in the adherens junction-associated protein complexes, suggesting a role in cell polarity and tissue organization. A third link can be established to the integrin transmembrane signaling network. The Usher interactome, as outlined in this review, participates in pathways common in inner ear and retina that are disrupted in the Usher syndrome.
Allelic variation in the Tyk2 and EGF genes as potential genetic determinants of CNS repair (2009)

The potential for endogenous remyelination and axonal protection can be an important factor in determining disease outcome in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. In many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients CNS repair fails or is incomplete whereas in others the disease is accompanied by extensive repair of demyelinated lesions. We have described significant differences in the ability of two strains of mice to repair CNS damage following Theiler's virus-induced demyelination: FVB/NJ (FVB) mice repair damaged myelin spontaneously and completely, whereas B10.D1-H2(q)/SgJ (B10.Q) mice are deficient in the repair process. A QTL analysis was performed to identify genetic loci that differentially regulate CNS repair following chronic demyelination in these strains and two QTL were detected: one on chromosome 3 with a LOD score of 9.3 and a second on chromosome 9 with a LOD score of 14.0. The mouse genes for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and Tyk2 are encoded within the QTL on chromosomes 3 and 9, respectively. Sequence polymorphisms between the FVB and B10.Q strains at both the EGF and Tyk2 loci define functional variations consistent with roles for these genes in regulating myelin repair. EGF is a key regulator of cell growth and development and we show a sevenfold increase in EGF expression in FVB compared to B10.Q mice. Tyk2 is a Janus kinase that plays a central role in controlling the T(H)1 immune response and we show that attenuation of Tyk2 function correlates with enhanced CNS repair.
Cleavage of macromolecular heparin by an enzyme from mouse mastocytoma. (1975)

Heparinase was isolated from a transplantable mouse mastocytoma, by salt extraction of a particulate fraction sedimenting at 20,000 times g, followed by precipitation from saturated ammonium sulfate. By use of gel chromatography through Sepharose 4B, the enzyme was shown to degrade macromolecular. 35S-labeled, mastocytomal heparin (K-av about 0.25) to products similar in size to commercial heparin (K-av about 0.85), apparently by nonrandom cleavage of a limited number of glycosidic linkages per molecule. Prolonged incubation times (up to 5 days, with repeated addition of enzyme) did not result in further degradation of the product. No significant depolymerizing activity was observed with any other glycosaminoglycan tested, including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and commercial heparin. The pH optimum for degradation of macromolecular heparin was around pH 5. The nature of the linkage cleaved by the heparinase was investigated by reduction of unlabeled polysaccharide degradation products with sodium [3H]borohydride. The degraded chains (but not the macromolecular substrate) incorporated significant amounts of tritium. An essentially monodisperse fraction of the labeled, degraded heparin was subjected to meniscus depletion sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, indicating a molecular weight of 14,500. By relating the molecular weight to the specific activity of the preparation, the amount of reducible groups was calculated to be approximately one per molecule. The 3H-labeled heparin was degraded to monosaccharides by a combination of acid hydrolysis and cleavage due to deamination with nitrous acid. Analysis of the degradation products, by paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography, showed a major radioactive component which behaved like L-gulonic acid. Since [3H]gulonic acid would be the expected reduction product of a polysaccharide molecule, containing a glucuronic acid residue in terminal position, these results tentatively suggest that the heparinase is an endoglucuronidase. By direct deaminative cleavage (no hydrolysis) of the 3H-labeled heparin, the glucosamine unit in penultimate position (i.e. adjacent to the [3H]gulonic acid residue) was shown to be 52% N-sulfated and 48% N-acetylated. As only 14% of the glucosamine was N-acetylated in the macromolecular heparin substrate, it is suggested that cleavage of this polysaccharide, by the heparinase, occurs in regions more abundant in N-acetylated glucosamine residues than other portions of the molecule. The possibility that formation and degradation of macromolecular heparin occurs also in mammalian species other than rodents in discussed.