gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibility of heat sterilization of liposomes. (1991)

Several kinds of liposomes were sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 min. They tended to aggregate after heat sterilization (HS) in saline, while no aggregation was observed in an isotonized sugar or polyol solution. The dispersions containing egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) with a high peroxide value (POV) turned slightly yellowish after HS. This color change was prevented by using EggPC with a low POV, hydrogenated EggPC (H-EggPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Nitrogen gas bubbling at neutral pH also prevented the color change, but vitamin E did not. The particle size of the EggPC liposomes extruded through a 0.4 micron membrane filter did not change significantly after HS, whereas the H-EggPC or DPPC liposomes extruded through a 0.8 micron membrane filter tended to be reduced in size. On this change the type of medium had a considerable influence. The anionic 6-carboxyfluorescein leaked from the negatively charged liposomes (EggPC/cholesterol (Chol)/egg phosphatidylglycerol) during HS, while no leakage was observed from the positively charged liposomes (EggPC/Chol/stearylamine) not only during HS but also during a long period of storage. It was suggested that sterilization of liposomes by heating was practicable as well as that by filtration, if the liposomes were prepared as follows: the charged liposomes made of lipids with low POV's were dispersed in a sugar or polyol solution adjusted to nearly pH 6.5, where the amount of dissolved oxygen was minimized. An ionic water-soluble drug had to be encapsulated in the oppositely charged liposomes.
Superacid‐Catalyzed Oxygenation of Alkanes. [New synthetic methods (26)] (1978)

Abstract Owing to the ready availability of the starting materials, the functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons for preparing chemical intermediates and products represents an attractive goal. The possibility of converting alkane in a controlled way into alcohols, ketones etc., i.e. to oxyfunctionalize them, is particularly challenging. After a short account of previous methods used for the oxidation of alkanes, particular emphasis will be given to recently developed reactions of alkanes with oxygenating agents in superacidic media.
Modulation of Gene Expression in Autoimmune Disease and Aging by Food Restriction and Dietary Lipids (1990)

Several recent observations carried out by many investigators have offered some clues in understanding the mechanism of how food restriction (FR) acts in the prolongation of life-span, but the precise mechanisms involved in modulating the immune system have not been clearly understood. Our own ongoing studies indicate that FR may act at the molecular level and may extend the life-span by modulating functional activities of several genes in various target tissues. For instance, while cytochrome P-450 IIB1 and IIB2 expression is known to decline with age in ad libitum-fed rats, FR prevented the loss of (drug-inducible) P-450 enzymes in liver tissues. In addition, both alpha 2u-globulin and senescence marker protein 2 expressions, which are regulated by hormones, were also modulated during aging by FR in Fischer 344 male rats. In short-lived autoimmune-prone mice, both FR and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids diet lowered the severity of autoimmune disease both in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice and in mice prone to develop lymphoproliferative and renal diseases, whereas saturated (n-9) and polyunsaturated (n-6) dietary lipids not only exacerbated autoimmune disease, but also significantly enhanced expression of several oncogenes in lymphoid tissues. FR and omega-3 fatty acids decreased the expression of certain oncogenes. Both FR and omega-3 fatty acids may modulate the aging and autoimmune disease processes by not only altering the fatty acid composition, membrane fluidity, and signal transduction, but also by modulating the lymphokine hormone receptors and their functions and thereby modulating expression of several genes in various tissues during the aging process.
Zero-power-gain measurements in CW HF(DF) laser by means of a fast scan technique (1976)

An improved technique for measuring zero power gain in a CW HF-DF chemical laser has been developed in which a CW HF(DF) single-line, frequency-stabilized TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode probe laser is used. Through use of a flat rotating mirror and focusing elements, the streamwise distribution of zero-power gain was scanned at a rate of ∼1 mm/μs with a spatial resolution of ∼1 mm. The zero-power-gain profile was observed for two arc-driven chemical-laser nozzles with both HF and DF active species. The nozzles consisted of a 36-slit array with perforated tube H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> injectors and a 55-slit array with uniform H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> injection. Results are presented for the variation of zero power gain with axial distance, the magnitude and location of peak gain, and the gain cutoff location for a number of transitions. Peak gain values of 15 percent/cm and 5.5 percent/cm were measured with HF and DF active species, respectively, with the 55-slit nozzle array.
Roundtable Discussion Transcript (1998)

Douglass Theatre Macon, Georgia October 27, 1997\nParticipants: Judge Griffin B. Bell Professor Archibald Cox Mr. Lloyd N. Cutler Judge Lawrence E. Walsh \nModerator: Professor James P. Fleissner
Comparison of the depth profiles of water and water-binding substances in the stratum corneum determined in vivo by Raman spectroscopy between the cheek and volar forearm skin: effects of age, seasonal changes and artificial forced hydration (2007)

Our present findings suggest that changes in the concentration depth profiles of water, free amino acids and lipids in the skin depend on age, anatomical site and season. These findings indicate the important roles played by various water-holding substances in the SC in the regulation of SC water content.
A compressed sensing approach to the simultaneous recording of multiple room impulse responses (2011)

We consider the estimation of multiple room impulse responses from the simultaneous recording of several known sources. Existing techniques are restricted to the case where the number of sources is at most equal to the number of sensors. We relax this assumption in the case where the sources are known. To this aim, we propose statistical models of the filters associated with convex log-likelihoods, and we propose a convex optimization algorithm to solve the inverse problem with the resulting penalties. We provide a comparison between penalties via a set of experiments which shows that our method allows to speed up the recording process with a controlled quality tradeoff.
Hybrid CO<sub>2</sub>-philic Surfactants with Low Fluorine Content (2012)

The relationships between molecular architecture, aggregation, and interfacial activity of a new class of CO(2)-philic hybrid surfactants are investigated. The new hybrid surfactant CF2/AOT4 [sodium (4H,4H,5H,5H,5H-pentafluoropentyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyl)-2-sulfosuccinate] was synthesized, having one hydrocarbon chain and one separate fluorocarbon chain. This hybrid H-F chain structure strikes a fine balance of properties, on one hand minimizing the fluorine content, while on the other maintaining a sufficient level of CO(2)-philicity. The surfactant has been investigated by a range of techniques including high-pressure phase behavior, UV-visible spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and air-water (a/w) surface tension measurements. The results advance the understanding of structure-function relationships for generating CO(2)-philic surfactants and are therefore beneficial for expanding applications of CO(2) to realize its potential using the most economic and efficient surfactants.
Online content-aware video condensation (2012)

Explosive growth of surveillance video data presents formidable challenges to its browsing, retrieval and storage. Video synopsis, an innovation proposed by Peleg and his colleagues, is aimed for fast browsing by shortening the video into a synopsis while keeping activities in video captured by a camera. However, the current techniques are offline methods requiring that all the video data be ready for the processing, and are expensive in time and space. In this paper, we propose an online and efficient solution, and its supporting algorithms to overcome the problems. The method adopts an online content-aware approach in a step-wise manner, hence applicable to endless video, with less computational cost. Moreover, we propose a novel tracking method, called sticky tracking, to achieve high-quality visualization. The system can achieve a faster-than-real-time speed with a multi-core CPU implementation. The advantages are demonstrated by extensive experiments with a wide variety of videos. The proposed solution and algorithms could be integrated with surveillance cameras, and impact the way that surveillance videos are recorded.
Data characterizing tensile behavior of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foam (2016)

The data set presented is related to the tensile behavior of cenosphere reinforced high density polyethylene syntactic foam composites "Processing of cenosphere/HDPE syntactic foams using an industrial scale polymer injection molding machine" (Bharath et al., 2016) [1]. The focus of the work is on determining the feasibility of using an industrial scale polymer injection molding (PIM) machine for fabricating syntactic foams. The fabricated syntactic foams are investigated for microstructure and tensile properties. The data presented in this article is related to optimization of the PIM process for syntactic foam manufacture, equations and procedures to develop theoretical estimates for properties of cenospheres, and microstructure of syntactic foams before and after failure. Included dataset contains values obtained from the theoretical model.
Mechanisms of cartilage growth: Modulation of balance between proteoglycan and collagen in vitro using chondroitinase ABC (2006)

The data demonstrate that a manipulation of GAG content in articular cartilage explants can distinctly alter the growth phenotype of cartilage. This may have practical utility for tissue engineering and cartilage repair. For example, the expansive growth phenotype may be useful to fill cartilage defects, while the maturational growth phenotype may be useful to induce matrix stabilization after filling defect spaces.
Forkhead transcription factorFoxF2 is expressed in mesodermal tissues involved in epithelio-mesenchymal interactions (2000)

The growing family of forkhead transcription factors plays many important roles during embryonic development. In this study we have used in situ hybridization to explore the expression pattern of the forkhead transcription factor gene FoxF2 (FREAC-2, LUN) during mouse and rat embryogenesis, postnatal development, and in adult tissues. We demonstrate that FoxF2 is expressed in the mesenchyme adjacent to the epithelium in alimentary, respiratory, and urinary tracts, similar to FoxF1 (FREAC-1, HFH-8). FoxF2 mRNA was also observed in organs that do not express FoxF1 during embryogenesis, e.g., in the central nervous system, eye, ear, and limb buds. In organs that express both FoxF2 and FoxF1, these transcription factors may have similar functions in epithelio-mesenchymal cross-talk, but the fact that FoxF2 is more widely expressed than FoxF1 suggests that FoxF2 also has an independent role as a developmental regulator.
Anti-CD3 antibodies induce T cells from unprimed animals to secrete IL-4 both in vitro and in vivo. (1990)

Recently, functional heterogeneity among Th cells has been recognized. Based on pattern of lymphokine secretion, two mutually exclusive subsets of CD4+ cells have been defined and designated Th1 (secreting IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 (secreting IL-4 and IL-5). Identification of these subsets was mostly based on the study of long term cultured T cell lines and clones, and little is known about the Th heterogeneity in vivo. In particular, it has been suggested that IL-4 producing cells cannot be detected in vivo or in primary stimulations in vitro unless responder cells had been previously primed. Our data however, indicate that anti-CD3 mediated stimulation can induce T cells isolated from unprimed animals to IL-4 production. An assay system based on the ability of IL-4 to increase Ia expression of B cells present in the environment of activated T cells was found to be more sensitive than detection of secreted IL-4 in the supernatant by conventional bioassays and was used to study IL-4 production by unprimed lymphocytes polyclonally stimulated in vivo and in vitro by anti-CD3 mAb. The results obtained indicate that CD4+ CD8- T cells able to produce IL-4 upon receptor-specific stimulation exist in the preimmune pool of adult animals. Remarkably, these cells can also be stimulated in vivo by treating animals with anti-CD3 mAb, as indicated by the in vivo induction of IL-4 specific mRNA and hyper-Ia expression on B cells. These results indicate that the inability to detect IL-4 in primary cultures is not due to different activation requirements of Th2 cells but may simply result from their lower frequency in unprimed animals.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study of NGX-4010, a High-Concentration Capsaicin Patch, for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia (2010)

In patients with PHN, a single 60-minute application of NGX-4010 produced significant reduction in pain that was maintained over a 12-week period.
Application of hyperbolic dispersion relations of left-handed metamaterials (2006)

In this paper, we first illustrate the case of a hyperbolic dispersion relation based on two negative constitutive components to predict and experimentally verify the inversion of the critical angle definition. Second, hyperbolic dispersion relations with one negative constitutive component are used in the design of a four-port device capable of splitting the incident power into three different outputs as function of frequency.
Overexpression of the Normal Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase 1 Isoform Underlies Catalytic Superactivity of Human Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase (1996)

To define the enzymatic and genetic basis of X-linked phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) catalytic superactivity, we measured concentrations of X-linked PRS1 and PRS2 isoforms in cultured fibroblasts and lymphoblasts by immunoblotting after separation by polyacrylamide-urea isoelectric focusing. PRS1 comprised >80% of measurable PRS isoforms in all fibroblast strains, but PRS1 concentrations in cells from six affected males exceeded those in normal cells by 2-6-fold. PRS absolute specific activities (activity per mg of PRS isoforms) were comparable in all fibroblast strains and in purified recombinant normal PRS1, confirming selectively increased levels of PRS1 isoform as the enzymatic basis of PRS catalytic superactivity. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of normal subject- and patient-derived PRS cDNAs predicted normal translated region sequences for both PRS isoforms and revealed no differences in catalytic properties of recombinant PRS1. Normal and patient PRPS1 transcribed but untranslated DNA sequences were also identical. Northern blot analysis showed selective increase in relative concentrations of PRS1 transcripts in patient fibroblasts. In PRS catalytic superactivity, overexpression of the normal PRS1 isoform thus appears to result from an altered pretranslational mechanism of PRPS1 expression. In lymphoblasts, however, expression of this alteration is attenuated, explaining the absence of phenotypic expression of PRS catalytic superactivity in these cells.
CTLA4 promoter and exon 1 dimorphisms in multiple sclerosiso (1999)

The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) gene may be a candidate susceptibility gene in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study the distribution of the dimorphisms of exon 1 (+49 A/G) and promoter (-318 C/T) regions of the CTLA4 gene was analysed in 296 unrelated Norwegian MS patients and 271 matched controls by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequency of the exon 1 (+49) A-G genotype was increased in patients (57%) compared with controls (44%) (Pcorrected=0.01), and even more increased in patients with relapsing remitting MS (59%) (Pcorrected=0.006). No other significant differences were found between clinical subgroups of patients or between HLA-DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602-positive and negative patients and controls.
A noncomparative open-label study evaluating the effect of selegiline hydrochloride in a clinical setting. (2001)

Six hundred forty-one dogs with clinical signs consistent with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) were treated orally with selegiline hydrochloride at 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg once daily for 60 days. Response to selegiline treatment on days 30 and 60 were similar. On day 60, 77.2% of dogs showed an overall improvement; response to treatment by clinical sign ranged from 67.8% (activity or sleep/wake cycle) to 77.8% (disorientation and interaction with family members). All dogs enrolled in the study were monitored for possible adverse events; diarrhea (4.2%), anorexia (3.6%), and vomiting/salivation (3.4%) were noted most frequently. Results of this study indicate the majority of the dogs with CDS responded to treatment with Anipryl by day 30.
Pilot study on the effect of New Zealand green mussel on rheumatoid arthritis. (1975)

An extract of the New Zealand green mussel did not show any greater effect than a placebo when given to five patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a double-blind crossover trial.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Coagulation of Osteoid Osteoma Compared with Operative Treatment* (1998)

Osteoid osteoma, a benign bone tumor, has traditionally been treated with operative excision. A recently developed method for percutaneous ablation of the tumor has been proposed as an alternative to operative treatment. The relative outcomes of the two approaches to treatment have not previously been compared, to our knowledge. The rates of recurrence and of persistent symptoms were compared in a consecutive series of eighty-seven patients who were managed with operative excision and thirty-eight patients who were managed with percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency. Patients who had a spinal lesion were excluded. The minimum duration of follow-up was two years. There was a recurrence, defined as the need for subsequent intervention, after operative treatment in six (9 per cent) of sixty-eight patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in two of nineteen who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 4.7 days for the patients who had a primary lesion and 5.1 days for those who had a recurrent lesion. There was a recurrence after percutaneous treatment in four (12 per cent) of thirty-three patients who had been managed for a primary lesion and in none of five who had been managed for a recurrent lesion. The average length of the hospital stay was 0.2 day for these thirty-eight patients. With the numbers available, we could detect no significant difference between the two treatments with regard to the rate of recurrence. The rate of persistent symptoms (that is, symptoms that did not necessitate additional treatment) was greater than the rate of recurrence. According to responses to a questionnaire, eight (30 per cent) of twenty-seven patients had persistent symptoms after operative treatment and six (23 per cent) of twenty-six patients had persistent symptoms after percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency. Two patients had complications after operative excision, necessitating a total of five additional operations. There were no complications associated with the percutaneous method. The results of the present study suggest that percutaneous ablation with radiofrequency is essentially equivalent to operative excision for the treatment of an osteoid osteoma in an extremity. The percutaneous method is preferred for the treatment of extraspinal osteoid osteoma because it generally does not necessitate hospitalization, it has not been associated with complications, and it is associated with a rapid convalescence.
Dynamics and Model-Based Control of Electric Power Steering Systems (2014)

Many automobile manufacturers are switching to Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems for their better performance and cost advantages over traditional Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) systems. EPS compared to HPS offer lower energy consumption, lower total weight, and package flexibility at no cost penalty. Furthermore, since EPS systems can provide assistance to drivers independent of the vehicle driving conditions, new technologies can be implemented to improve the steering feel and safety, simultaneously.\n\n\nIn this thesis, a neuromusculoskeletal driver and a high-fidelity vehicle model are developed in MapleSim to provide realistic simulations to study the driver-vehicle interactions and EPS systems. The vehicle model consists of MacPherson and multilink suspensions at front and rear equipped with a column-type EPS system. The driver model is a fully neuromusculoskeletal model of a driver arm holding the steering wheel, controlled by the driver's central nervous system. A hierarchical approach is used to capture the complexity of the neuromuscular dynamics and the central nervous system in the coordination of the driver's upper extremity activities. The proposed motor control framework has three layers: the first layer, or the path-planning layer, plans a desired vehicle trajectory and the required steering angles to perform the desired trajectory, the second layer (or the force distribution controller) actuates the musculoskeletal arm, and the final layer is added to ensure the precision control and disturbance rejection of the motor control units. \n\n\nThe overall goal of this thesis is to study vehicle-driver interactions and to design a model-based EPS controller that considers the driver's characteristics. To design such an EPS controller, the high-fidelity driver-vehicle model is simplified to reduce the computational burden associated with the multibody and biomechanical systems. Then, four driver types are introduced based on the physical characteristics of drivers such as age and gender, and the corresponding parameters are incorporated in the model. Last but not least, a new model-based EPS controller is developed to provide appropriate assistance to each of the predefined driver types. To do this, the characteristic curves are tuned using a systematic optimization procedure to provide appropriate assistance to drivers with different physical strength, in order to have a similar road and steering feel. In this thesis, it is recommended that muscle fatigue be used as a measure of steering feel. Then, based on the tuned EPS characteristic curves, an observer-based optimal disturbance rejection controller, consisting of a linear quadratic regulator controller and a Kalman filter observer augmented with a shaping filter, is developed to deliver the assistance while attenuating external disturbances. The results show that it is possible to develop a model-based EPS controller that is optimized for a given driver population.