gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mondex (1996)

Christmas 2007: a shopper looks longingly at a brightly packaged toy on a market stall. ‘Are you sure it's the only one you've got?’ he asks the trader. ‘Yeah - and if you want it, you'd better buy it now. These antiques sell in minutes.’ ‘My kid would love it,’ the shopper sighs. ‘OK. Do you take credit?’ ‘Sorry mate - cash only. The bank's down the street.’ The shopper realises two other customers are looking interestedly over his shoulder. ‘No, hold on a minute,’ he says, pulling out a mobile. He slots a card into the phone, dials the number of a bank, and taps a few other keys. ‘Mondex?’ he asks, taking out the card and handing it over. ‘That'll do nicely.’ The trader smiles. ‘The Gameboy's all yours.’
Rehabilitation Robotics: a Wearable Exo-Skeleton for Tremor Assessment and Suppression (2006)

There is a need for wearable powered upper limb exoskeletons able to apply forces to the upper limb for use by people with disabilities and/or limb weakness or injury. The robotic exoskeleton called WOTAS (Wearable Orthosis for Tremor Assessment and Suppression) presented in this paper will provide a means of testing non-grounded control strategies in order to help these people. For instance, biomechanical loading, in particular, viscous loading of the upper limb has been proposed in the literature as a means for suppressing pathologic tremor. This article describes in detail the general concept for WOTAS, outlining the special features of the design and selection of system components.
High‐Rate Charge‐Carrier Transport in Porphyrin Covalent Organic Frameworks: Switching from Hole to Electron to Ambipolar Conduction (2012)

Well conducted: a two-dimensional porphyrin covalent organic framework is described. Owing to the eclipsed stacking alignment, the framework is conductive and allows high-rate carrier transport through the porphyrin columns. The central metal in the porphyrin rings changes the conducting nature of the material from hole to electron, and to ambipolar conduction. It also drives the high on-off ratio photoconductivity of the framework.
Native Americans and Augmentative and Alternative Communication Issues (2002)

Professional sensitivity to cultural issues during augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) design and implementation has gained increasing attention in the professional literature. This article describes four cultural domains in which core values characteristic of Native American tribes are discernable: spirituality, trustworthiness, family, and communicative variables. Implications of AAC for practitioners are noted in each of these domains, followed by a description of the results of an ethnographic study investigating the real experience of implementing AAC for two Native American students, their families, and their educational teams. Field observations; videotapes of use of voice output communication aids; and interviews with AAC users, their family members, and educational teams provide data for examination. These data support a grounded theory describing the experience of Native American AAC users who are still missing a key element related to Native American culture.
Production of oil-containing polyterephthalamide microcapsules by interfacial polymerization. An experimental investigation of the effect of process variables on the microcapsule size distribution (1994)

Oil-containing polyterephthalamide microcapsules were prepared by the interfacial polymerization technique. The inner phase of the microcapsules consisted of a mixture of an organic solvent, toluene, and a commercial oil, santosol. Microcapsules with mean Sauter diameters in the range 0.5-20 microns were prepared by varying the rate of agitation (2000-7000 rpm) and the concentration of a poly(vinyl alcohol) stabilizer (0.1-1.0 wt% w/v), in the presence of several ionic and non-ionic cosurfactants. High agitation rates resulted in a significant reduction of the mean size of the oil droplets, although a slight increase in the breadth of the droplet size distribution was observed. High concentrations of PVA also resulted in a decrease of the microcapsule size, although the effect of stabilizer concentration was generally less important than that of the agitation speed. Finally, the effect of various ionic and non-ionic cosurfactants on the microcapsule size distribution was investigated. It was found that the addition of a cosurfactant significantly reduced the mean droplet size of the initial emulsion, leading to the formation of microcapsules in the submicron range.
Development of energy-efficient fast-transient CMOS low-dropout regulators for SoC applications (2011)

This paper presents three different topologies of energy-efficient fast-transient low-dropout regulators (LDOs) for SoC applications. They include: 1) an output-capacitorless LDO with a direct voltage-spike detection circuit, 2) an output-capacitorless 90-nm LDO compensated by a single Miller capacitor, and 3) a power-efficient 90-nm LDO with multiple small gain stages. The LDO designs demonstrate some recently developed circuit techniques to improve both the regulation accuracy and transient performance. Experimental results are included in this paper to verify the achieved performance.
Cloning and characterization of a Rhizobium meliloti homolog of the Escherichia coli cell division gene ftsZ (1991)

The ftsZ gene is essential for initiation of cell division in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. To begin our studies of division arrest during differentiation of Rhizobium meliloti bacteroids, we isolated a R. meliloti ftsZ homolog, ftsZRm. Degenerate primers directed towards a conserved region of ftsZ were used to amplify a segment of R. meliloti DNA by polymerase chain reaction, and the product of this reaction was then used to isolate positive clones from a bacteriophage library. The DNA sequence of an open reading frame containing the region of homology indicated that the R. meliloti FtsZ protein (FtsZRm) is 50% homologous to the known E. coli and B. subtilis FtsZ proteins, but at 590 amino acids (63 kDa), it is predicted to be nearly 50% larger. Strong expression of an approximately 70-kDa labeled protein in a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system supports this prediction. The additional 200 amino acids appear to fall in a single internal domain highly enriched for proline and glutamine residues. When we regulated R. meliloti ftsZ (ftsZRm) expression on a high-copy-number plasmid in E. coli with Plac and laclq, cells were smaller than normal in the presence of low FtsZRm levels (with no isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside [IPTG]) and filamentous when FtsZRm was overproduced (with IPTG). These results suggest that low levels of FtsZRm stimulate E. coli cell division, while high levels may be inhibitory.
TiO<sub>2</sub>(B) Nanoribbons As Negative Electrode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries with High Rate Performance (2010)

Nanosized TiO(2)(B) has been investigated as a possible candidate to replace Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) or graphite as the negative electrode for a Li-ion battery. Nanoribbon precursors, classically synthesized in autogenous conditions at temperatures higher than 170 °C in alkaline medium, have been obtained, under reflux (T ∼ 120 °C, P = 1 bar). After ionic exchange, these nanoribbons exhibit a surface area of 140 m(2) g(-1), larger than those obtained under autogenous conditions or by solid state chemistry. These nanoparticles transform after annealing to isomorphic titanium dioxide. They mainly crystallize as the TiO(2)(B) variety with only 5% of anatase. This quantification of the anatase/TiO(2)(B) ratio was deduced from Raman spectroscopy measurement. TEM analysis highlights the excellent crystallinity of the nanosized TiO(2)(B), crystallizing as 6 nm thin nanoribbons. These characteristics are essential in lithium batteries for a fast lithium ion solid state diffusion into the active material. In lithium batteries, the TiO(2)(B) nanoribbons exhibit a good capacity and an excellent rate capability (reversible capacity of 200 mA h g(-1) at C/3 rate (111 mA g(-1)), 100 mA h g(-1) at 15C rate (5030 mA g(-1)) for a 50% carbon black loaded electrode). The electrode formulation study highlights the importance of the electronic and ionic connection around the active particles. The cycleability of the nano-TiO(2)(B) is another interesting point with a capacity loss of 5% only, over 500 cycles at 3C.
Control of Cell Wall Plasticity (1989)

Along the mung bean hypocotyl, the cell wall plasticity represents the limiting factor of cell growth potentials. Pectin molecules, known to control local cell wall pH's and to modulate phenolic cross-linking owing to the number of free acidic domains, were investigated. Young, plastic walls were characterized both by a high level of branched and methylated rhamnogalacturonans which leads to swollen cell walls and by a low level of linear galacturonans which induces a low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). In contrast, stiff, mature cell walls are characterized by a low water content and a high CEC which favors cross-linking.
A Measurement of the Temperature‐Density Relation in the Intergalactic Medium Using a New Lyα Absorption‐Line Fitting Method (2001)

The evolution of the temperature in the intergalactic medium is related to the reionization of hydrogen and helium, and has important consequences for our understanding of the Lya forest and of galaxy formation in gravitational models of large-scale structure. We measure the temperature-density relation of intergalactic gas from Lya forest observations of eight quasar spectra with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, using a new line fitting technique to obtain a lower cutoff of the distribution of line widths from which the temperature is derived. We carefully test the accuracy of this technique to recover the gas temperature with a hydrodynamic simulation. The temperature at redshift z=(3.9, 3.0, 2.4) is best determined at densities slightly above the mean: T_star=(20200\pm2700, 20200\pm1300, 22600\pm1900)K (statistical error bars) for gas density (in units of the mean density) Delta_star=(1.42\pm0.08, 1.37\pm0.11, 1.66\pm0.11). The power-law index of the temperature-density relation, defined by T=T_star(Delta/Delta_star)^{gamma-1}, is gamma-1= (0.43\pm0.45, 0.29\pm0.30, 0.52\pm0.14) for the same three redshifts. The temperature at the fixed over-density Delta=1.4 is T_1.4=(20100\pm2800, 20300\pm1400, 20700\pm1900)K. These temperatures are higher than expected for photoionized gas in ionization equilibrium with a cosmic background, and can be explained by a gradual additional heating due to on-going HeII reionization. The measurement of the temperature reduces one source of uncertainty in the lower limit to the baryon density implied by the observed mean flux decrement. We find that the temperature cannot be reliably measured for under-dense gas, because the velocities due to expansion always dominate the widths of the corresponding weak lines.
14-3-3 Binds to and Mediates Phosphorylation of Microtubule-associated Tau Protein by Ser9-phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in the Brain (2004)

In mammalian brain, tau, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), and 14-3-3, a phosphoserine-binding protein, are parts of a multiprotein tau phosphorylation complex. Within the complex, 14-3-3 simultaneously binds to tau and GSK3beta (Agarwal-Mawal, A., Qureshi, H. Y., Cafferty, P. W., Yuan, Z., Han, D., Lin, R., and Paudel, H. K. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 12722-12728). The molecular mechanism by which 14-3-3 connects GSK3beta to tau within the complex is not clear. In this study, we find that GSK3beta within the tau phosphorylation complex is phosphorylated on Ser(9). From extracts of rat brain and rat primary cultured neurons, Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta precipitates with glutathione-agarose beads coated with glutathione S-transferase-14-3-3. Similarly, from rat brain extract, Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta co-immunoprecipitates with tau. In vitro, 14-3-3 binds to GSK3beta only when the kinase is phosphorylated on Ser(9). In transfected HEK-293 cells, 14-3-3 binds to Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta and does not bind to GSK3beta (S9A). Tau, on the other hand, binds to both GSK3beta (WT) and GSK3beta (S9A). Moreover, 14-3-3 enhances the binding of tau with Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta by approximately 3-fold but not with GSK3beta (S9A). Similarly, 14-3-3 stimulates phosphorylation of tau by Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta but not by GSK3beta (S9A). In transfected HEK-293 cells, Ser(9) phosphorylation suppresses GSK3beta-catalyzed tau phosphorylation in the absence of 14-3-3. In the presence of 14-3-3, however, Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta remains active and phosphorylates tau. Our data indicate that within the tau phosphorylation complex, 14-3-3 connects Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta to tau and Ser(9)-phosphorylated GSK3beta phosphorylates tau.
Structural and Functional Analysis of J Chain-Deficient IgM (1998)

Previous studies have discerned two forms of polymeric mouse IgM: moderately cytolytic (complement-activating) pentamer, which contains J chain, and highly cytolytic hexamer, which lacks J chain. To investigate the relationships among polymeric structure, J chain content, and cytolytic activity, we produced IgM in J chain-deficient and J chain-proficient mouse hybridoma cell lines. Both hexamer and pentamer were produced in the absence as well as the presence of J chain. Hexameric IgM activated (guinea pig) complement approximately 100-fold more efficiently than did J chain-deficient pentamer, which, in turn, was more active than J chain-containing pentamer. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that J chain-containing pentamer cannot activate complement. We also analyzed the structure of IgM-S337, in which the mu-chain bears the C337S substitution. Like normal IgM, IgM-S337 was formed as a hexamer and as both J chain deficient- and J chain-containing pentamers. Unlike normal IgM, IgM-S337 dissociated in SDS into various subunits. For IgM-S337 pentamer, the predominant subunits migrated as mu2kappa2 and mu4kappa4, and the subunit distribution was unaltered by J chain. However, J chain was found only in the mu2kappa2 species, suggesting that some arrangement of inter-mu bonds directs incorporation of J chain. IgM-S337 hexamer also dissociated to mu2kappa2 and mu4kappa4, but also yielded several species migrating much more slowly in SDS-PAGE than wild-type mu12kappa12. To account for these forms, we propose that each mu-chain can interact with three other mu-chains and that some hexameric molecules contain two catenated mu6kappa6 circles.
Retinal Projection Display Using Diffractive Optical Element (2014)

We have previously proposed a retinal projection head-mounted display (HMD) using the principles of the Maxwell Ian view. The principle of Maxwell Ian view can provide an image with a focal depth. In conventional HMD prototype, we have been using a holographic optical element (HOE) as an optical combiner. However, there are some problems with HOE. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, we propose the use of diffractive optical elements (DOE) of the phase-type based on computer-generated hologram (CGH). The paper show that phase-type DOE based on CGH is effective as retinal projection optical system.
Advances in Agronomy. Vol. VIII (1957)

Journal Article Advances in Agronomy. Vol. VIII Get access Advances in Agronomy. Vol. VIII. Edited by Norman A. G.. 423 pgs. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ( 1956) $8.80 AIBS Bulletin, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 1957, Page 41, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292067 Published: 01 January 1957
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Highly Antioxidative 3,8″-Linked Biflavanones and Flavanone-<i>C</i>-glycosides from <i>Garcinia buchananii</i> Bark (2012)

The aim of this study was to identify antioxidants from Garcinia buchananii bark extract using hydrogen peroxide scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. LC-MS/MS analysis, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy led to the unequivocal identification of the major antioxidative molecules as a series of three 3,8″-linked biflavanones and two flavanone-C-glycosides. Besides the previously reported (2R,3R,2″R,3″R)-naringenin-C-3/C-8″ dihydroquercetin linked biflavanone (GB-2; 4) and (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (3), whose stereochemistry has been revised, the antioxidants identified for the first time in Garcinia buchananii were (2R,3R)-taxifolin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (2R,3R)-aromadendrin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and the new compound (2R,3S,2″S)-buchananiflavanone (5). The H₂O₂ scavenging and the ORAC assays demonstrated that these natural products have an extraordinarily high antioxidative power, especially (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (3) and GB-2 (4), with EC₅₀ values of 2.8 and 2.2 μM, respectively, and 13.73 and 12.10 μmol TE/ μmol. These findings demonstrate that G. buchananii bark extract is a rich natural source of antioxidants.
Effects of Hyperthermia, Radiotherapy and Thermoradiotherapy on Tumor Microvascular Permeability (1990)

Morphological changes in rabbit VX-2 tumor and its vascular permeability to ferritin following hyperthermia, radiotherapy and thermoradiotherapy were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Tumors treated by thermoradiotherapy successively showed a decrease in volume compared with those treated by hyperthermia or radiotherapy. Light microscopically, degenerative or necrotic changes progressed more widely in tumors treated by thermoradiotherapy than in those treated by hyperthermia or radiotherapy alone. When vascular permeability to ferritin was examined, an increase in tumor vascular permeability occurred at 1 day after hyperthermia or thermoradiotherapy, and at 3 days after radiotherapy. These results suggest that the early reaction of tumor microvasculature is a factor contributing to delayed cell death in tumors after thermoradiotherapy or hyperthermia.
Potency of a Recombinant NDV-H5 Vaccine Against Various HPAI H5N1 Virus Challenges in SPF Chickens (2012)

For the past decade, several recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (rNDV) have been used as a vector to express native or modified avian influenza (AI) hemagglutinins (HA) in order to give preventive protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Obtained protections were dependent on the age of the chickens, on the constructs and, in particular, on the homology between the HA that was inserted and the challenge strains. The objective of this study was to investigate the vaccine efficacy of a recombinant NDV La Sota-vectored vaccine expressing an Asian clade 1 H5 ectodomain (rNDV-H5) vaccine expressing a modified H5 ectodomain from an HPAI clade 1 H5N1 isolate as vaccine for 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. The inoculation route (oculonasal vs. drinking water), the dose-effect, and the protective range of this rNDV-H5 vaccine were studied. Both routes of vaccination induced an H5 serologic response and afforded a high degree of clinical protection against an Asian clade 1 HPAI H5N1 (AsH5N1) challenge without a significant difference between inoculation routes. A clear dose-effect could be demonstrated. Furthermore, when evaluating the protective range against antigenically divergent descendants of the Asian dade 1 HPAI H5N1 lineage, namely two Egyptian clade 2.2.1 H5N1 strains, the vaccine efficacy was less satisfactory. The rNDV-H5 vaccine provided good clinical protection and reduced viral shedding against Egyptian 2007 challenge but was unable to provide a similar protection against the more antigenically divergent Egyptian 2008 strain.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Envelope Glycoproteins E1 and E2 Contain Reduced Cysteine Residues Essential for Virus Entry (2011)

The HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 contain eight and 18 highly conserved cysteine residues, respectively. Here, we examined the oxidation state of E1E2 heterodimers incorporated into retroviral pseudotyped particles (HCVpp) and investigated the significance of free sulfhydryl groups in cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) and HCVpp entry. Alkylation of free sulfhydryl groups on HCVcc/pp with a membrane-impermeable sulfhydryl-alkylating reagent 4-(N-maleimido)benzyl-α-trimethylammonium iodide (M135) prior to virus attachment to cells abolished infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. Labeling of HCVpp envelope proteins with EZ-Link maleimide-PEG2-biotin (maleimide-biotin) detected free thiol groups in both E1 and E2. Unlike retroviruses that employ disulfide reduction to facilitate virus entry, the infectivity of alkylated HCVcc could not be rescued by addition of exogenous reducing agents. Furthermore, the infectivity of HCVcc bound to target cells was not affected by addition of M135 indicative of a change in glycoprotein oxidation state from reduced to oxidized following virus attachment to cells. By contrast, HCVpp entry was reduced by 61% when treated with M135 immediately following attachment to cells, suggesting that the two model systems might demonstrate variations in oxidation kinetics. Glycoprotein oxidation was not altered following binding of HCVpp incorporated E1E2 to soluble heparin or recombinant CD81. These results suggest that HCV entry is dependent on the presence of free thiol groups in E1 and E2 prior to cellular attachment and reveals a new essential component of the HCV entry process.
Social Capital in Health Care (2018)

Anthropological scholarship represents a relatively small but important strand within a large, contested multidisciplinary literature on social capital. Biocultural anthropologists have described the role of erosion of social capital in analyses examining causal chains between economic inequality and human biology. Network theorists have used social capital measures to analyze how individuals are connected within their social structures and access a range of socially valuable resources that affect their health. Other researchers have identified health care systems as sites where the interaction of social, cultural, and economic capitals are highly visible. In examining inequalities in access to health care services, these scholars see the unequal distribution of capital as a key mechanism of the social reproduction of power and privilege. While policy discussions referring to social capital have tended to ignore gender, race, class, and power relations, anthropological research has a key role to play in challenging and reframing its conceptual use.
The Reality of Role-Playing Games: How Players Construct Reality through Language (2014)

Role-playing games have a unique structure and exist in multiple mediums. Although some research is available on communication in computer mediated role-playing games, little exists on communication practices in tabletop role-playing games. In my research, I reviewed existing scholarly literature on tabletop role-playing games, as well as theory on the role language plays in constructing reality. I conducted passive participant observation on a group of people playing Advanced Dungeons and Dragons. By applying theory to my ethnographic research, I demonstrated how players constructed a collective reality through communication. Players did this by demonstrating their own enthrallment with the game and by sharing a language code.