gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Contribute to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Orthopedic Biofilm Infection (2014)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature monocytes and granulocytes that are potent inhibitors of T cell activation. A role for MDSCs in bacterial infections has only recently emerged, and nothing is known about MDSC function in the context of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Because S. aureus biofilms are capable of subverting immune-mediated clearance, we examined whether MDSCs could play a role in this process. CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs represented the main cellular infiltrate during S. aureus orthopedic biofilm infection, accounting for >75% of the CD45+ population. Biofilm-associated MDSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine production, which correlated with a paucity of T cell infiltrates at the infection site. Analysis of FACS-purified MDSCs recovered from S. aureus biofilms revealed increased arginase-1, inducible NO synthase, and IL-10 expression, key mediators of MDSC suppressive activity. Targeted depletion of MDSCs and neutrophils using the mAb 1A8 (anti-Ly6G) improved bacterial clearance by enhancing the intrinsic proinflammatory attributes of infiltrating monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, the ability of monocytes/macrophages to promote biofilm clearance in the absence of MDSC action was revealed with RB6-C85 (anti-Gr-1 or anti-Ly6G/Ly6C) administration, which resulted in significantly increased S. aureus burdens both locally and in the periphery, because effector Ly 6C monocytes and, by extension, mature macrophages were also depleted. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MDSCs are key contributors to the chronicity of S. aureus biofilm infection, as their immunosuppressive function prevents monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory activity, which facilitates biofilm persistence.
Automatic Determination of <i>O</i>-Glycan Structure from Fragmentation Spectra (2006)

Glycosylation is one of the most important classes of post-translational protein modifications, but the identification of glycans is difficult because of their branched structures and numerous isomers. We describe an algorithm called CartoonistTwo that proposes structures for O-linked glycans by automatically analyzing fragmentation mass spectra. CartoonistTwo improves upon previous glycan identification software primarily in its scoring function, which can more successfully distinguish among a number of similar structures. CartoonistTwo was designed and tested with FTICR mass spectra, and includes automatic recalibration and peak selection especially tuned for such data, yet it can be easily adapted to fragmentation spectra (MS2 or MSn) from other instrument types. On a validated test set of 34 SORI-CID MSn FTICR spectra from Xenopus egg jelly, CartoonistTwo gave the manually determined structural assignment either the first or second highest score over 90% of the time. And for over 50% of these spectra, CartoonistTwo selected a unique highest scoring structure that agreed with the manually determined one.
Identification of proteins with altered expression in colorectal cancer by means of 2D-proteomics (2009)

Modern proteomic techniques make it possible to identify numerous changes in protein expression in tumors as compared to normal tissues. Although proteomics is currently widely used, identification of proteins differentially expressed in particular types of cancer remains a challenging task. The goal of our study was to detect novel protein markers of colorectal cancer using comparative proteomics of protein extracts obtained from primary tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Coloreetal cancer is nearly asymptomatic at the early stages, which calls for development of fast and sensitive methods for molecular diagnostics. Proteomes of 11 paired specimens of primary colorectal tumors and adjacent histologically normal tissues were studied using comparative 2D PAGE. Altogether, 16 proteins with altered expression levels were detected, including 13 proteins with increased levels and three proteins with decreased levels in tumor tissues. These proteins were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins GPD1, RRBP1 (increased levels), HNRNPH1, and SERPINB6 (decreased levels) have been associated with colorectal cancer for the first time.
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von α,ω‐Dihydroperchloroligosilanen (1984)

Abstract Es werden gezielte Synthesen für die Verbindungen H(SiCl 2 ) n H n = 3−7 und HSi 4 Cl 9 beschrieben, ausgehend von perphenylierten Cyclosilanen. Die neuen Verbindungen werden charakterisiert und die 1 H‐ und 29 Si‐NMR‐Spektren diskutiert.
Effect of Finasteride, a 5<i>α</i>-Reductase Inhibitor on Prostate Tissue Androgens and Prostate-Specific Antigen* (1990)

Whole tissue dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T) concentrations have been measured after finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, and this was compared to other methods of androgen inhibition. In 10 patients treated for 1 week with finasteride, whole tissue DHT decreased to a mean of 0.302 ng/g. This value was significantly less than DHT values in control patients (mean, 4.5 ng/g) and patients treated with either surgical castration (mean, 1.14 ng/g), megestrol (160 mg/day) plus diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg), or megestrol plus ketoconazole (1200 mg/day; mean, 0.609). Tissue T levels were significantly increased in finasteride-treated patients (1.18 ng/g) compared to a mean of 0.171 ng/g in controls and 0.105 ng/g in megestrol-treated patients. Part of the prostate tissue obtained at surgery was mechanically separated into epithelium and stroma. The epithelial cells were homogenized, the supernate was assayed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an androgen-dependent protein, and the pellet was assayed for DHT and DNA. Epithelial cell PSA and DHT values significantly decreased in finasteride- and megestrol- plus estrogen-treated patients compared to controls. However, the slope and position of the regression lines for DHT vs. PSA in patients treated with megestrol plus low dose estrogen (r = 0.79) differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from the regression line relating epithelial DHT to PSA in patients treated with finasteride (r = 0.82). Since the regression slope for finasteride described a greater increase in PSA per unit change in DHT compared to the slope for megestrol plus estrogen, which lowers both DHT and T, finasteride, despite its drastic lowering of DHT, may have a modest residual androgenic effect related to its effect on tissue T.
3D object model recovery from 2D images utilizing corner detection (2011)

This research proposes a method to reconstruct the 3D object model from 2D images. The reconstruction theorem this research used is based on the stereo vision algorithm. Stereo vision is one type of the non-contact scanning measurement. The theorem of the stereo vision were simulates the human's eyes to calculate the object's depth information. There for, this research uses two CCD Cameras to capture the object's 2D images. Then find out the match points from the left and right two images. To reconstruct the object's 3D model by using the match points, parameters of the CCD Cameras and transform matrix that between the world coordinate and camera coordinate. The object this research reconstructed belongs to simple geometry. There for, we can reconstruct the object's 3D model by the feature points of the object. The feature points always appear on edges and vertices. In this way we can reduce the number of the points we should reconstruct, so the system can build up the object's 3D model fast. The CCD Cameras unable to capture the whole object's surface information in once time, so this research proposes a method that rotates the object to solve this problem. The system combines the rotation model with the reconstruction system to reconstruct the complete object's 3D model.
Targeted Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides and siRNAs into Mammalian Cells (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism for gene silencing that can be harnessed for the development of RNA-based drugs. Although synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNAs) can be delivered in vitro to virtually all cell types using lipid-based transfection agents or electroporation, efficient strategies for achieving either systemic or targeted delivery remains one of the major in vivo challenges. Among the targeting strategies, receptor-targeted delivery provides an innovative strategy to selectively direct therapeutics to cancer cells. Receptor-binding peptides can be incorporated into gene-delivery vesicles or directly conjugated to siRNAs in the hope of promoting their localization in target cells expressing the cognate receptors. This chapter discusses the current status of siRNA-targeting strategies using either peptides identified through iterative screening of random peptide phage libraries or naturally occurring peptides. Also, transcriptional targeting strategies and detailed protocols for the selection of cancer cell-binding peptide from random peptide libraries are described.
Antenna diversity with multichannel adaptive equalization in digital radio (2002)

A multichannel adaptive equalization method is presented for use in cellular digital radio to combat the effects of rapidly changing frequency selective fading. This signal processing technique can be applied in a communication system employing diversity antennas, with each antenna output downconverted and fed into a multichannel digital filter. Simulation results indicate performance improvements with this filtering method applied as a diversity combiner/adaptive equalizer. Performance comparisons to other sub-optimal techniques and theoretical bounds are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Campo R et al (Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:1637-45) (2013)

and in Table 1 the abbreviation "eGFR" is estimated glomerular filtration rate (not epidermal growth factor receptor).
Dependence of electromigration lifetime on the square of current density (1993)

A model to explain the conductor lifetime dependence on the square of the current density (Black's relationship) is proposed. It is based on both experimental and computer-simulated results. The number of voids and hillocks formed per conductor length by electromigration are proportional to the current density. The relationship between the growth rate of voids (and hillocks) and the current density is derived from Fick's diffusion equation. That relationship is shown by numerically solving a one-dimensional diffusion equation with nonuniform diffusivity and a critical concentration for void/hillock formation. The average growth rate of each void is observed to be proportional to the current density. The relationships of the number of voids and hillocks and the average void growth rate to the current density are simultaneously incorporated during electromigration resulting in the inverse square relationship between lifetime and current density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A historiografia da música popular brasileira (1970-1990): síntese bibliográfica e desafios atuais da pesquisa histórica (2006)

The novel Le législateur moderne ou les mémoires du Chevalier de Meillcourt, written by Marquis d'Argens, published in 1739, presents philosophical reflexions, the adventures and mis-fortunes of Chevalier de Meillcourt, son of the count of the same name. He was educated according to a materialistic concept by his father, who fled to Holland and became Spinosa's disciple. Meillcourt goes on voyage and sinks on the African coast, in the Indic Ocean, close to an island. In this island, he pacifies, colonizes and civilizes the people. He lectures on the relationship between the State, the society and the religion and at the same time he defends the religious tolerance and the monarchy. The book's preface brings a violent critic against the colonization done by Spain and Portugal and, on the contrary, defends the English and Dutch colonizations. The purpose of this article is to study how the novel focuses on the Portuguese and the colonization, as well as its relationship with the Enlightenment thinking.
PROVIDING INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT IN PROCESS-AWARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2009)

The need for more flexibility of process-aware information systems (PAISs) has been discussed for several years and different approaches for adaptive process management have emerged. However, only few of them provide support for both changes of individual process instances and the propagation of process type changes to a collection of related process instances. Furthermore, knowledge about process changes has not yet been exploited by any of these systems. This paper presents the ProCycle approach which overcomes this practical limitation by capturing the whole process life cycle and all kinds of changes in an integrated way. Users are not only allowed to deviate from the predefined process in exceptional situations, but are also assisted in retrieving and reusing knowledge about previously performed changes in this context. If similar instance deviations occur frequently, process engineers will be supported in deriving improved process models from them. This, in turn, allows engineers to evolve the PAIS (including the knowledge about the changes) over time. Feasability of the ProCycle approach is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept prototype which combines adaptive process management technology with concepts and methods provided by case-based reasoning (CBR) technology.
Group testing against Covid-19 (2020)

It is well-known that group testing is an efficient strategy to screen for the presence of a virus. It consists in pooling n individual samples with a single test using RT-PCR. If at least one individual is infected, the test is positive, and it is negative otherwise. We show how group testing can be optimized in three applications to multiply the efficiency of tests against Covid-19: Estimating virus prevalence to measure the evolution of the pandemic; bringing negative groups back to work to exit the current lockdown; and testing for individual infectious status to treat sick people. For an infection level around 2%, group testing could multiply the power of testing by a factor 20. The implementation of this strategy in the short run requires limited investments and could bypass the current immense shortage of testing capacity.
Outer-rotor ac homopolar motors for flywheel energy storage (2014)

Flywheel energy storage technology has been successfully commercialized for applications requiring high power, high cycle-life, and short storage intervals. High idling losses have prevented the use of flywheel technology in applications that require longer storage intervals, such as grid-based, load-following energy storage. This paper proposes the use of an outer-rotor ac homopolar motor to significantly decrease idling losses, increase energy density, and decrease cost. Motor sizing equations, a comparison to the typically-used permanent magnet motor, and 3D finite element analysis of an example design are presented. It is shown that for high-performance flywheel designs, the ac homopolar motor can have a torque density comparable to that of a permanent magnet motor.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Organic Carbon Decomposition Under Elevated CO <sub>2</sub> (2012)

The extent to which terrestrial ecosystems can sequester carbon to mitigate climate change is a matter of debate. The stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has been assumed to be a major mechanism facilitating soil carbon sequestration by increasing carbon inputs to soil and by protecting organic carbon from decomposition via aggregation. We present evidence from four independent microcosm and field experiments demonstrating that CO(2) enhancement of AMF results in considerable soil carbon losses. Our findings challenge the assumption that AMF protect against degradation of organic carbon in soil and raise questions about the current prediction of terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance under future climate-change scenarios.
Integrated laser diode coupler with optical Isolator for single-mode fiber transmission (1983)

Laser diode (LD) couplers employing an optical isolator are indispensable devices for developing future optical systems, e.g., gigabit digital transmission systems and coherent transmission systems. By using a YIG sphere, an efficient nonreciprocal optical circuit was designed for an LD-to- single-mode fiber coupler.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc-MAG3-Aptamer for Imaging Human Tumors Associated with High Level of Matrix Metalloprotease-9 (2012)

The human matrix metalloprotease 9 (hMMP-9) is involved in many physiological processes such as tissue remodeling. Its overexpression in tumors promotes the release of cancer cells thus contributing to tumor metastasis. It is a relevant marker of malignant tumors. We selected an RNA aptamer containing 2'-fluoro, pyrimidine ribonucleosides, that exhibits a strong affinity for hMMP-9 (K(d) = 20 nM) and that discriminates other human MMPs: no binding was detected to either hMMP-2 or -7. Investigating the binding properties of different MMP-9 aptamer variants by surface plasmon resonance allowed the determination of recognition elements. As a result, a truncated aptamer, 36 nucleotides long, was made fully resistant to nuclease following the substitution of every purine ribonucleoside residue by 2'-O-methyl analogues and was conjugated to S-acetylmercaptoacetyltriglycine for imaging purposes. The resulting modified aptamer retained the binding properties of the originally selected sequence. Following (99m)Tc labeling, this aptamer was used for ex vivo imaging slices of human brain tumors. We were able to specifically detect the presence of hMMP-9 in such tissues.
Solar Wafer Slicing with Loose and Fixed Grains (2006)

In this paper we investigate different process types for multi-wire sawing of solar silicon wafers. These are the standard monodirectional wire movement as well as the reciprocating wire movement with SiC/PEG (polyethylene glycole) slurry. The third process is the diamond coated wire cutting with water-based slurry. We give a first answer to the question how to compare these very different sawing methods by combining financial and technical characterizations. Experimental results supply the data for these investigations and reveal the interesting alternatives to the standard monodirectional cutting. In terms of cost, the reciprocating process is most promising, the diamond-wire cutting however can only be competitive if the wire cost is reduced by a factor of 3-5
The Beginnings of Visual Perception: The Retinal Image and its Initial Encoding. <i>Appendix:</i> Fourier Transforms and Shift‐Invariant Linear Operators (1984)

The sections in this article are: 1 Scope and Organization 2 Physiological Explanation in Visual Science: Three Classes of Perceptual Phenomena 3 Visual Acuity 3.1 Overview 3.2 The Retinal Image 3.2.1 Retinal Image Representations of Object Properties 3.3 Spatial Modulation Detection 3.3.1 High-Frequency Resolution Under Normal Viewing Conditions 3.3.2 The Optical Transfer Function and Photoreceptor Spacing 3.3.3 Bypassing the Optics of the Eye 3.4 Neural Limits of Visual Acuity 3.4.1 Psychophysical Pointspread Models 3.4.2 Spatial Ambiguity of the Receptor Image: The Aliasing Problem 3.4.3 Conclusions 4 Color Vision 4.1 Scotopic Spectral Sensitivity 4.2 Monochromacy 4.3 Dichromacy 4.4 Trichromacy 4.5 Color Blindness 4.6 Seeing Colors 5 Visual Adaptation 5.1 Overview 5.2 Experimental Paradigms 5.3 Identifying Neural Substrates 5.3.1 Detection by Rods 5.3.2 Adaptation by Rods 5.3.3 Summary 5.4 Single- Variable Theories 5.4.1 Equivalent-Background Principle 5.4.2 Tests of Equivalent-Background Principle 5.4.3 A Specific Single-Variable Theory: The Noise Hypothesis 5.4.4 Related Studies 5.4.5 A Constraint on Single-Variable Theories: Threshold Recovery 5.4.6 Summary 5.5 Concluding Comment 6 Note Added in Proof
Abnormal (110) Grain Growth and Magnetostriction in Recrystallized Galfenol With Dispersed Niobium Carbide (2009)

The influence of high temperature annealing processes on abnormal grain growth in Galfenol (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">81</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sub> alloy plus 1 mol% NbC) sheet is examined in this paper. Results are presented on magnetostriction and grain orientation after rolling and annealing processes. Abnormal (110) grains grew to several millimeters after annealing at 1200degC. The grain orientation changed from a gamma -fiber texture and {100}lang011rang orientation in as-rolled sheet to close to a Goss texture {110}lang001rang in a sample annealed at 1200degC. This was accompanied by an increase in magnetostriction. The lang001rang easy axis (-20deg-off of the rolling direction) and a maximum magnetostriction of 183 ppm was observed in samples annealed at 1250degC. Annealing at a temperature of 1300 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> C produced a change in grain orientation to {111} <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><</i> uvw <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></i> , Ga loss of as much as 2.8%, and a degradation in magnetostriction.
Joint High-Resolution Range and DOA Estimation via MUSIC Method Based on Virtual Two-Dimensional Spatial Smoothing for OFDM Radar (2018)

For the purpose of target parameter estimation of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar, a high-resolution method of joint estimation on range and direction of arrival (DOA) based on OFDM array radar is proposed in this paper. It begins with the design and analysis of an echo model of OFDM array radar. Since there is no coupling between range and angle parameter estimation for a narrow-band signal, a method which exploits the data of one snapshot to estimate the range and angle of the target by means of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based on virtual two-dimensional spatial smoothing in range and angle dimensions is devised. The proposed method is capable of joint estimating the range and DOA of the target in a high resolution under a single snapshot circumstance. Simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposal.