gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidally Prepared Nanoparticles for the Synthesis of Structurally Well‐Defined and Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalysts (2008)

Structural control by application of ligand-stabilized nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysis: Highly active and structurally well-defined NiPt nanocrystals can be obtained by colloidal synthesis. When deposited on suitable supports they show immediate activity without any oxidative or thermal pretreatment. The picture shows the development of the catalytic activity of supported colloidal NiPt nanoparticles for the oxidation of CO at 170 °C.
Studies on plant growth‐regulating substances: XXI. The release of pectic substances from wheat coleoptile tissue incubated with solutions of ethylenediamin etetraacetic acid (1966)

SUMMARY The effect on excised wheat coleoptiles of solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, at concentrations which produce a significant growth response in segments of this tissue, was investigated. The removal not only of calcium ions, but also of pectin, from coleoptiles by these solutions of the chelator was demonstrated and the implications of these findings are discussed. An increase in the plasticity of the cell walls is considered to arise from the removal of both of these constituents, and the small extension of the coleoptile segments to be a direct consequence of these changes. The concentration of EDTA required to give either the growth‐regulating response or to cause the loss of pectin and calcium was shown to approach that which also caused visible signs of toxicity, and this was taken as further support for the ‘subacute toxicity’ theory put forward earlier by Fawcett, Wain & Wightman.
Das Wesen der Mandlschen Körperchen in den Teleosteerschuppen, ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Kalkabscheidung bei der Bildung knochenartiger Gewebe (1947)

Die Mandlschen Körperchen der Teleosteerschuppen (untersucht vor allem bei Gadus virens L.) entstehen - wie die Globuli des Zahnbeins - durch sphäritisches Ausfallen des Kalkes in der kollagenen Grundmasse der Lamellen der Basalschicht, während sonst die Kristallite der Erdsalze parallel den Fasern dieser Lamellen geordnet werden. Heranwachsend können die Körperchen mit der verkalkenden Umgebung nahtlos verschmelzen, oder aber sich dauernd von ihr durch unverkalkte Zwischengebiete abgesetzt erhalten. Als idiomorphe Grundgestalt der Mandlschen Körperchen erscheint eine elliptische Scheibe, mit der Fläche parallel der Lamellenebene und mit ihrer großen Achse parallel der Faserung darin; diese tritt auch in der Konkretion als Längsstreifung hervor. Der elliptische Umriß ist die Folge vektoriellen Wachstums: die Kalkausscheidung schreitet rascher parallel als senkrecht zur Faserung fort. Quadratische, kreuzartige, recht- und sechseckige Formen gehören zwei oder mehreren benachbarten Lamellen an, und lassen sich gleich Verwachsungen mehrerer Ellipsenscheiben deuten. Der organischen Substanz beraubte Körperchen löschen zwischen gekreuzten Nicols, im trockenen Zustande untersucht, einheitlich nach der großen Achse aus, bei positivem Vorzeichen dazu: Formdoppelbrechung, erzeugt durch die feinen röhrchenartigen lufterfüllten Räume, die ehemals von der faserigen organischen Substanz (Kollagen) erfüllt waren. Aufgehellt aber zeigen solche Mandlschen Körperchen in Flächenansicht ein Polarisationskreuz von negativem Vorzeichen; daraus und aus der gleichmäßigen Auslöschung in Kantenansicht ergibt sich das Vorliegen einer Sphäritenscheibe: Eigandoppelbrechung der Erdsalze, deren Kristallite radial zum Mittelpunkt der Konkretion und zugleich parallel der Ebene der Lamelle geordnet sind. Reichlich angebotener und daher überstürzt ausfallender Kalk dürfte sich sphäritisch strukturieren, langsam abgeschiedener aber nach der Faserung orientieren.
Superheated water—a clean eluent for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1996)

Superheated water has been shown to be a feasible medium polarity replacement for methanol–water or acetonitrile–water mixtures as an eluent for reversed-phase HPLC. Only moderate pressures are required to prevent boiling in the column or detector even at high temperatures, up to 210 °C. The separations of a number of phenols, parabens and barbiturates have been demonstrated on a polystyrene–divinylbenzene (PS–DVB) column with no degradation of the samples. The water eluent can be used with UV detection down to 190 nm. Water is cheap, environmentally friendly, it presents virtually no disposal costs and can be considered a clean alternative to conventional organic mobile phase solvents.
Einsatz Neuronaler Netze zur Kontrolle komplexer industrieller Prozesse (1995)

The paper at hand shows some applications of neural nets for control tasks and demonstrates the applicability of the presented methods. After a short introduction the reconstruction of nonlinear characteristic fields of the steam-turbines by a special neural net and the learning control of a tempering furnace are explained in detail
Negative Database for Data Security (2009)

Data security is a major issue in any Web-based application. There have been approaches to handle intruders in any system, however, these approaches are not fully trustable; evidently data is not totally protected. Real world databases have information that needs to be securely stored. The approach of generating negative database could help solve such problem. A negative database can be defined as a database that contains huge amount of data consisting of counterfeit data along with the real data. Intruders may be able to get access to such databases, but, as they try to extract information, they will retrieve data sets that would include both the actual and the negative data. In this paper we present our approach towards implementing the concept of negative database to help prevent data theft from malicious users and provide efficient data retrieval for all valid users.
Eliminating the azimuth ambiguity in single-well imaging using 3C sonic data (2014)

ABSTRACT The shortcomings of conventional single-well sonic imaging are the inefficiency in eliminating azimuth ambiguity of the reflector outside boreholes. To resolve this problem, we proposed that 3C data of the reflection echoes be migrated simultaneously. The quantitative expressions of the received 3C data were first derived. The direct correlations between the polarity of the 3C data and the reflector azimuth were analyzed. It was revealed that the reflector positions can be fully identified by the associated echoes consisting of the transverse and axial components of wavefields. And an improved single-well imaging procedure using axial displacement component in addition to transverse components was thus developed. Numerical examples were evaluated for validation of the imaging method. According to the numerical results, the image intensity of the reflectors was effectively enhanced whereas the artificial mirrors of the reflectors were greatly weakened. It was suggested that a sonic logging tool with the 3C receivers be necessary for the image of reflectors without azimuth ambiguity.
Modified chitosan. I. Optimized cerium ammonium nitrate‐induced synthesis of chitosan‐<i>graft</i>‐polyacrylonitrile (2003)

Abstract Chitin was extracted from shrimp shells and then deacetylated to obtain chitosan. The degree of deacetylation of the chitosan was determined to be 0.76 using pH‐metric titration. A large number of cyanide functional groups were introduced onto chitosan by grafting with polyacrylonitrile as an efficient way of modification. The graft copolymerization reactions were carried out under argon atmosphere in a homogeneous aqueous phase (containing a small portion of acetic acid) by using ceric ammonium nitrate as an initiator. Evidence of grafting was obtained by comparing FTIR spectra of chitosan and the graft copolymer as well as solubility characteristics of the products. The synthetic conditions were systematically optimized through studying the influential factors, including temperature and concentrations of the initiator, acrylonitrile monomer (AN), acetic acid, and chitosan. The effect of individual factors was investigated by calculating and monitoring the variations of the grafting parameters [i.e., grafting ratio ( Gr ), grafting efficiency ( Ge ), add‐on value ( Ad ), homopolymer content ( Hp ), and total conversion ( Ct )]. Under optimum conditions, the grafting parameters were achieved as 535, 98, 81, 2, and 102%, respectively. A mechanism for the free‐radical grafting was proposed. As empirical rates of polymerization and graft copolymerization were plotted against [AN] and [Ce 4+ ] 1/2 , the experimental kinetic data displayed a good match to a reported rate statement. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization was determined to be 44.9 kJ/mol. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2048–2054, 2003
New treatments in Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, affecting around 50 million people worldwide. Its prevalence is increasing mainly as a result of an ageing population with considerable associated increases in health and social care costs. As a result, government agencies worldwide have turned funding streams towards unravelling biological mechanisms and developing therapeutic opportunities for the dementias in general. Consequently, a number of novel potential treatments have been developed, although, to date, they have not been shown to significantly alter disease course. In this month’s journal club we look at three large clinical trials of new treatments in Alzheimer’s disease.
A microfluidics device to monitor platelet aggregation dynamics in response to strain rate micro-gradients in flowing blood (2009)

This paper reports the development of a platform technology for measuring platelet function and aggregation based on localized strain rate micro-gradients. Recent experimental findings within our laboratories have identified a key role for strain rate micro-gradients in focally triggering initial recruitment and subsequent aggregation of discoid platelets at sites of blood vessel injury. We present the design justification, hydrodynamic characterization and experimental validation of a microfluidic device incorporating contraction-expansion geometries that generate strain rate conditions mimicking the effects of pathological changes in blood vessel geometry. Blood perfusion through this device supports our published findings of both in vivo and in vitro platelet aggregation and confirms a critical requirement for the coupling of blood flow acceleration to downstream deceleration for the initiation and stabilization of platelet aggregation, in the absence of soluble platelet agonists. The microfluidics platform presented will facilitate the detailed analysis of the effects of hemodynamic parameters on the rate and extent of platelet aggregation and will be a useful tool to elucidate the hemodynamic and platelet mechano-transduction mechanisms, underlying this shear-dependent process.
Bayes’ theorem-based binary algorithm for fast reference-less calibration of a multimode fiber (2018)

In this paper, we present a Bayes' theorem-based high-speed algorithm, to measure the binary transmission matrix of a multimode fiber using a digital micromirror device, in a reference-less multimode fiber imaging system. Based on conditional probability, we define a preset threshold to locate those digital-micromirror-device pixels that can be switched 'ON' to form a focused spot at the output. This leads to a binary transmission matrix consisting of '0' and '1' elements. High-enhancement-factor light focusing and raster-scanning at the distal end of the fiber are demonstrated experimentally. The key advantage of our algorithm is its capability for fast calibration of a MMF to form a tightly focused spot. In our experiment, for 5000 input-output pairs, we only need 0.26 s to calibrate one row of the transmission matrix to achieve a focused spot with an enhancement factor of 28. This is more than 10 times faster than the prVBEM algorithm. The proposed Bayes' theorem-based binary algorithm can be applied not only in multimode optical fiber focusing but also to other disordered media. Particularly, it will be valuable in fast multimode fiber calibration for endoscopic imaging.
Pre-steady-State Currents in Neutral Amino Acid Transporters Induced by Photolysis of a New Caged Alanine Derivative (2007)

Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4]. Many mechanistic aspects of amino acid transport by these systems are not well-understood. Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2. MNI-alanine has favorable photochemical properties and is stable in aqueous solution. It is also inert with respect to the transport systems studied. Photolytic release of free alanine results in the generation of significant transient current components in HEK293 cells expressing the ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2 proteins. In ASCT2, these currents show biphasic decay with time constants, tau, in the 1-30 ms time range. They are fully inhibited in the absence of extracellular Na+, demonstrating that Na+ binding to the transporter is necessary for induction of the alanine-mediated current. For SNAT1, these transient currents differ in their time course (tau = 1.6 ms) from previously described pre-steady-state currents generated by applying steps in the membrane potential (tau approximately 4-5 ms), indicating that they are associated with a fast, previously undetected, electrogenic partial reaction in the SNAT1 transport cycle. The implications of these results for the mechanisms of transmembrane transport of alanine are discussed. The new caged alanine derivative will provide a useful tool for future, more detailed studies of neutral amino acid transport.
Pervasive information through constant personal projection (2014)

The vision of pervasive ambient information displays which show relevant information has not yet come true. One of the main reasons is the limited number of available displays in the environment which is a fundamental requirement of the original vision. We introduce the concept of an Ambient Mobile Pervasive Display AMP-D which is a wearable projector system that constantly projects an ambient information display in front of the user. The floor display provides serendipitous access to public and personal information. The display is combined with a projected display on the user's hand, forming a continuous interaction space that is controlled by hand gestures. The paper introduces this novel device concept, discusses its interaction design, and explores its advantages through various implemented application examples. Furthermore, we present the AMP-D prototype which illustrates the involved challenges concerning hardware, sensing, and visualization.
CDC Definitions of Nosocomial Surgical Site Infections, 1992: A Modification of CDC Definitions of Surgical Wound Infections (1992)

In 1988, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published definitions of nosocomial infections However, because of journalistic style and space constraints, these definitions lacked some of the detail provided to National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System hospitals in the NNIS Manual (unpublished). After the NNIS System hospitals had had considerable experience with the definitions and in response to a request for review by The Surgical Wound Infection Task Force, a group composed of members of The Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America, the Association for Practitioners in Infection Control, the Surgical Infection Society, and the CDC, we slightly modified the definition of surgical wound infection and changed the name to surgical site infection (SSI).
Dry deposition of atmospheric particles: application of current models to ambient data (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDry deposition of atmospheric particles: application of current models to ambient dataThomas M. Holsen and Kenneth E. NollCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1992, 26, 9, 1807–1815Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00033a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es00033a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical band gap of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zn</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (1993)

The results of measurements of the optical band gap of ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ films, which crystallize in cubic antibixbyite structure (space group: Ia3), are presented. The polycrystalline films are prepared by direct reaction between ${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$ and zinc films on quartz substrates kept at 410 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Analysis of the thin-film data at higher values of the absorption coefficient is inconclusive with respect to the band-gap nature of the edge. Nevertheless, indirect evidence suggests that the optical gap is probably direct and lies in the neighborhood of 3.2 eV. This value is larger than those of other tetragonal II-V compounds: ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$=1.51 eV) and ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{g}}$=0.93 eV). The origin of the large band gap of ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ is discussed.
Service-specific wavelength allocation in QoS-routed optical networks (2002)

In this paper, quality-of-service (QoS) routing and service-specific functions in optical networks are proposed. We first present two QoS-routing algorithms, which differ in the way of handling quality attributes like transmission performance, blocking probability and cost. We furthermore propose a new wavelength allocation scheme, called least quality allocation. Particular functions like service-specific wavelength shifting, variable link costs or limited path length per service are studied in more detail. This is studied by numerical examples of optical networks in meshed topologies with different services and traffic conditions. The benefit of this approach is that many corporate optical networks with different QoS-requirements can be simultaneously accommodated.
TGF-β in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2008)

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key regulator of pulmonary fibrosis as well as other fibrotic diseases of various organs. In the lung patients with idiopathic pulmonary disease, regarded as one of the most refractory inflammatory diseases of the lung, aggressive fibrosis with elevated expression of TGF-β1 is observed without remarkable preceeding inflammation. Because TGF-β1 is an obvious target for antifibrotic therapy, many experimental trials have been reported on successful reduction of fibrosis in disease models. However, in the event of inhibition of the potent antiinflammatory effects of TGF-β1 by anti-TGF-β1 therapy, active inflammation would likely be prolonged, which would delay tissue repair. In this chapter, the evidences reported on the essential roles of TGF-β1 in fibrogenesis in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in its disease models is reviewed. In addition, a pluripotent natural regulator is refered as a promising new therapy against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibition of the collagen synthesis of TGF-β1, inflammation, and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells simultaneously along with increases in the epithelial and endothelial cells available for tissue generation.
Susceptibility of the Convergent Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Four Entomogenous Fungi (1994)

Journal Article Susceptibility of the Convergent Lady Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Four Entomogenous Fungi Get access R. R. James, R. R. James 1 ManTech Environmental Technology, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce Lighthart Bruce Lighthart 2 Environmental Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, 200 Southwest 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 23, Issue 1, 1 February 1994, Pages 190–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/23.1.190 Published: 01 February 1994
Targeted urine microscopy in Anderson-Fabry Disease: a cheap, sensitive and specific diagnostic technique (2011)

Targeted urinary microscopy is a non-invasive, inexpensive, accessible and rapid diagnostic technique, especially applicable where serum α-Gal A activity and genotyping are not affordable or available. As the number of urinary MC 2 particles increases with rising albuminuria, the technique may also be useful in assessing FN burden.
Long-Term Cultivation of Hypodiploid Human Tumor Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1964)

Six hypodiploid epithelial cultures, obtained from 3 poorly differentiated carcinomas of the cervix, have maintained rapid growth <it>in vitro</it> for periods of 12 to 33 months. One of them transformed to a hypertriploid mode after 7 months in culture, while all others remained hypodiploid. Stemlines were broad and ranged from 43 to 45. Karyotypes of various cultures differed markedly. Two fairly consistent features were the presence of two A1 chromosomes and a deficiency in group D. In addition, all cultures exhibited persistent variation in chromosome numbers within individual chromosome groups. This variation was limited to a narrow range and centered around specific karyotypes and modes. Two cultures are now 33 months old. They each have a characteristic chromosome pattern, morphology, and growth requirements, which have been stable for the last 1 to 2 years, and are considered as established hypodiploid cell lines.