gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech intonation and focus location in matched statements and questions (1986)

An acoustical study of speech production was conducted to determine the manner in which the location of linguistic focus influences intonational attributes of duration and fundamental voice frequency (F0) in matched statements and questions. Speakers orally read sentences that were preceded by aurally presented stimuli designed to elicit either no focus or focus on the first or last noun phrase of the target sentences. Computer-aided acoustical analysis of word durations showed a localized, large magnitude increase in the duration of the focused word for both statements and questions. Analysis of F0 revealed a more complex pattern of results, with the shape of the F0 topline dependent on sentence type and focus location. For sentences with neutral or sentence-final focus, the difference in the F0 topline between questions and statements was evident only on the last key word, where the F0 peak of questions was considerably higher than that of statements. For sentences with focus on the first key word, there was no difference in peak F0 on the focused item itself, but the F0 toplines of questions and statements diverged quite dramatically following the initial word. The statement contour dropped to a low F0 value for the remainder of the sentence, whereas the question remained quite high in F0 for all subsequent words. In addition, the F0 contour on the focused word was rising in questions and falling in statements, regardless of focus location. The results provide a basis for work on the perception of linguistic focus.
3D circuit model for 3D IC reliability study (2009)

3D integrated circuit technology is an emerging technology for the near future, and has received tremendous attention in the semiconductor community. With the 3D integrated circuit, the temperature and thermo-mechanical stress in the various parts of the IC are highly dependent on the surrounding materials and their materials properties, including their thermal conductivities, thermal expansivities, Young modulus, Poisson ratio etc. Also, the architectural of the 3D IC will also affect the current density, temperature and thermo-mechanical stress distributions in the IC. In view of the above-mentioned, the electrical-thermal-mechanical modeling of integrated circuit can no longer be done with a simple 2D model. The distributions of the current density, temperature and stress are important in determining the reliability of an IC. In this work, we demonstrate a method of converting 2D circuit layout into a 3D model. Simulations under real circuit operating condition are carried out using both Cadence (a circuit simulator) and ANSYS (finite element tool). Limiting our study to the electromigration failure, we compute the current density, temperature and stress distributions of the interconnect layers by considering the heat transfer and Joule heating, and the ldquoweak spotrdquo for electromigration is identified. Layout design can be modified based on the simulation results so as to enhance the 3D circuit interconnect reliability.
DNA Vaccines for Allergy Treatment (2006)

The ability of DNA vaccines to stimulate Th1 type reactions has rendered them a promising tool for immunotherapy of type I allergy. In this chapter, we describe strategies for up-to-date anti-allergic DNA-based immunization. This includes codon optimization of allergen genes, CpG-enrichment of plasmid vectors for enhanced Th1-bias, and the creation of hypoallergenic DNA vaccines either by gene fragmentation or by forced ubiquitination, both reducing the risk of side effects. Also, detailed protocols for plasmid DNA purification, intradermal immunization, and subcutaneous allergen sensitization are provided. Read-out systems presented in this chapter are focused on humoral immune responses and comprise measurement of mediator release from basophils induced by functional IgE and an ELIS A protocol based on chemiluminescence technology.
Force &#x00026; torque feedback vs force only feedback (2009)

Providing force and torque feedback in every degree of freedom of a haptic device can be complex and costly, often prohibitively so. Consequently, devices that reduce the number of actuators such as SensAble's PHANTOM Omni, a 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) positioning, 3-degree-of-freedom force feedback haptic device, have gained popularity. While these devices have been widely accepted, no previous study has examined how performance with force feedback alone differs from performance with force and torque feedback for a 6-DOF positioning device. Results from this user study show that for simple tasks like drawing and tracing, performance with force feedback alone can approximate the performance with force and torque feedback. Similarly, torque feedback alone is sufficient to minimize contact forces, but is disconcerting to users.
A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast (2005)

The ModelFest data set was created to provide a public source of data to test and calibrate models of foveal spatial contrast detection. It consists of contrast thresholds for 43 foveal achromatic contrast stimuli collected from each of 16 observers. We have fit these data with a variety of simple models that include one of several contrast sensitivity functions, an oblique effect, a spatial sensitivity aperture, spatial frequency channels, and nonlinear Minkowski summation. While we are able to identify one model, with particular parameters, as providing the lowest overall residual error, we also note that the differences among several good-fitting models are small. We find a strong reciprocity between the size of the spatial aperture and the value of the summation exponent: both are effective means of limiting the extent of spatial summation. The results demonstrate the power of simple models to account for the visibility of a wide variety of spatial stimuli and suggest that special mechanisms to deal with special classes of stimuli are not needed. But the results also illustrate the limited power of even this large data set to distinguish among similar competing models. We identify one model as a possible standard, suitable for simple theoretical and applied predictions.
Engineering MAS – A Device Integration Framework for Smart Home Environments (2014)

We introduce a layered approach to multi-agent programming and motivate this with a perspective to smart home environments. Apart from the core layer, layer components can be updated at runtime to reflect, e.g., attributes like credibility and the addition of proprietary functionality. The Layered Agent Framework (LAF) is defined by interfaces and organised into layers. This approach minimises system fragmentation while allowing developers to create and maintain meaningful and effective agents. A Petri net model is provided to visualise and execute prototypes of the agents. Although fully functional, the Petri nets will later be translated into dedicated programs with a smaller footprint and more efficient execution.
Classic Groundwater Simulations: Proving and Improving Numerical Models (1993)

Numerical models have now become almost mandatory for all water-resources studies because of increasing environmental concerns. This volume enables users to compare their own modelling methods with those currently in general use. It provides a collection of ground-water simulations that represent typical, hydrologic problems. The text also discusses eight types of flow and mass-transport problems and illustrates each problem with several existing numerical simulations.
Turning Title VII's Protection Against Retaliation Into A Never-Fulfilled Promise (2008)

Part I also explains the varied standards that were previously used when deciding what constitutes an adverse employer action and how the Supreme Court's recent decision in Burlington Northern resolved a split among the circuits. In Burlington Northern, the Supreme Court adopted a deterrence test to define adverse employer actions, which means the employer action must be harmful to the point that it would deter a reasonable employee of complaining of discrimination. Part II analyzes the actual effects of this decision, focusing in particular on DeHart. It shows how DeHart misapplied the deterrence standard by focusing on whether the employer action at issue deterred that plaintiff from complaining and not whether it would have deterred a reasonable employee from complaining. Part II also warns of the major problem associated with adopting a rule like the one set forth in DeHart: employees will be afraid to come forward with discrimination claims, which will allow employers to discriminate with impunity. Part III then stresses the importance of applying the deterrence test from Burlington Northern in a way that properly employs its objective standard. Courts must consider whether the employer's action would have the effect of deterring a reasonable employee from complaining, not whether the particular plaintiff was actually deterred. This will avoid results similar to DeHart's that can be fatal to potentially valid retaliation claims. Finally, Part IV concludes that if courts continue to misconstrue the subjective aspect of the Burlington Northern standard, then Congress or the Supreme Court must either provide clarification on how to identify an adverse employer action under the deterrence test, or find a different standard: one that asks whether a reasonable employee would have considered the employer action to be adverse.
A global memory multiprocessor system with a programmable interconnection network (2002)

In this paper we introduce a real-time system of six TMS320C50 which adapts to the behavior and requirement of radar target recognition. We use the in-house resources of TMS320C50 sufficiently in hardware design, and construct a modularity, small-volume and low cost engineering utility system. The system architecture consists of fully-connected network and modified daisy chain network. The fully-connected network is constructed of the time-division-multiplexed (TDM) serial port of TMS320C50, and has simple hardware configuration. The modified daisy chain network is a programmable interconnection network (PICN) which uses global memory as kernel, and has larger modification than traditional daisy chain network in priority arbitration algorithm.
Regulatory T Cells and the Eye (2007)

Immune-mediated inflammation can be tolerated in many organs, however in the eye it has devastating consequences, as many of the tissues in the visual axis have limited or no capacity for regeneration. Multiple mechanisms and anatomical adaptations limit the expression of immune-mediated inflammation in the eye. Among these is the generation of regulatory T (T reg) cells, which act to prevent the induction and expression of T cell inflammation. At least four different pathways exist for the development of ocular Treg cells. The redundancy in the generation of T reg cells is a testament to their importance in restricting intraocular inflammation and preserving vision.
Medication reconciliation using natural language processing and controlled terminologies. (2007)

Medication reconciliation (MR) is a process that seeks to assure that the medications a patient is supposed to take are the same as what they are actually taking. We have developed a method in which medication information (consisting of both coded data and narrative text) is extracted from twelve sources from two clinical information systems and assembled into a chronological sequence of medication history, plans, and orders that correspond to periods before, during and after a hospital admission. We use natural language processing, a controlled terminology, and a medication classification system to create matrices that can be used to determine the initiation, changes and discontinuation of medications over time. We applied the process to a set of 17 patient records and successfully abstracted and summarized the medication data. This approach has implications for efforts to improve medication history-taking, order entry, and automated auditing of patient records for quality assurance.
ANALYSIS ON THE STEALTH CHARACTERISTIC OF TWO DIMENSIONAL CYLINDER PLASMA ENVELOPES (2010)

Stealth characteristic of two dimensional cylinder plasma envelopes is studied. Three cases about plasma refraction efiect, re∞ection characteristic and attenuation by absorbing electromagnetic wave (EMW) are concerned synthetically. As for plasma refraction stealth, EMW traces equation in cylinder plasma is deduced; a novel concept of plasma refraction deviation angle is presented; the relation between refraction deviation angle and incidence angle of EMW is yielded; the relation between refraction deviation angle and plasma density distribution is made out. As for re∞ection stealth and attenuation stealth, re∞ection calculation of multi-layer plasma is presented flrst, and plasma collision frequency as well as corresponding collision absorption is taken into account simultaneously, then EMW re∞ectivity with double-path attenuation is obtained. It is shown that cylinder plasma envelopes considering the three cases above could make distinct stealth.
Resolution enhancing of commercially available passive THz cameras due to computer processing (2014)

We demonstrate new opportunities for the detection of concealed objects and of clothes components due to using of computer processing of images captured by passive THz cameras, manufactured by various companies. Computer processing of images results in a temperature resolution enhancing of cameras. We achieve good quality of the image due to applying various spatial filters to show independence of processed images on math operations. This result demonstrates a validity of observable objects. We discuss also a possibility of temperature trace observing on human skin if there is a difference in temperature inside the body. We consider images produced by THz passive cameras manufactured by Microsemi Corp., and ThruVision Corp., and Capital Normal University (Beijing, China).
On the New Development Direction of American Cultural Genres in the Internationalization Context (2015)

With the birth of Enlightment,American cultural genres shaped new development manners which regarded decolonization as the main stream.Following the constant development,the construction of cultural context which is independent,cooperative,concise and frank proved to be a new developing trend forAmerican cultural genres.Besides borderless development was gradually achieved through national cooperation and integration,thus great influence was generated to integrate international multi-ethnic cultures with new developing direction,which prompted new development of American cultural genres to realize the initiative goal that language context can become internationalized and diversified.
Displaying digital holograms of real-world objects on a mobile device using tilt-based interaction (2010)

Holography is a well-known technique for sensing and displaying real-world three-dimensional (3D) objects. Reconstructions from digital holograms are typically displayed with regular two-dimensional (2D) screens and therefore lot of the 3D specific information is not passed on to the viewer during the display process. Mobile devices have interesting possibilities for displaying 3D data interactively. In this study, we show how nine viewers evaluated hologram reconstructions with a tilt based display system incorporated into a mobile device.
Morphine Polymeric Coprecipitates for Controlled Release: Elaboration and Characterization (1994)

AbstractCoprecipitates of morphine were prepared by using EudragitR L30D as a carrier in order to obtain controlled release dosage systems. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies were applied in order to explain the mechanism of this interaction. The results obtained indicated that there was an intermolecular association between the polymer and the drug consisting in two different hydrogen bonds interactions. The proposed reaction involves coprecipitates having morphine contents greater than 50%.
Cyclopentadienyl Nickel and Palladium Complexes/Activator System for the Vinyl‐Type Copolymerization of Norbornene with Norbornene Carboxylic Acid Esters: Control of Polymer Solubility and Glass Transition Temperature (2006)

Abstract Summary: In non‐polar solvents such as toluene, Cp‐Ni and ‐Pd complexes (Cp = η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 ) with appropriate activators have been found to induce the addition polymerization of norbornene in excellent yields, for example (Cp)Pd(allyl)/[Ph 3 C][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] gave 105 120 kg‐polymer/cat‐mol · h at room temperature. While the Cp‐Pd system was not suitable in the presence of ester‐substituted norbornenes, the Cp‐Ni system, for example (Cp)Ni(Cl)(PPh 3 )/AlMe 3 /B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 can copolymerize norbornene with 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid methyl ester in toluene to give high yields (up to 68% in 2 h at room temperature) of copolymer with variable contents of the methyl ester monomer unit (17.4–60.7 mol‐%). These copolymers have high molecular weights ( $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 234 100–109 500) and narrow molecular weight distributions ( $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.78–1.89). In addition, they are soluble in common organic solvents giving flexible and transparent films on casting, that show very high T g in the range of 352.8 to 316.0 °C. The same Ni‐catalyst system can also copolymerize norbornene derivatives with bulky substituents, i.e., 2‐butyl‐5‐norbornene and 5‐norbornene‐2‐carboxylic acid butyl ester. The T g of these copolymers are lower (294.9–267.3 °C) than the methyl ester‐based copolymers, demonstrating that the T g of the polynorbornene copolymer film can be tailored simply by changing the alkyl group of the monomer to within the range of 352 to 267 °C. Figure showing the addition polymerization of norbornene using Cp‐Ni complex with appropriate activators. magnified image Figure showing the addition polymerization of norbornene using Cp‐Ni complex with appropriate activators.
Differential Effects of CC Chemokines on CC Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) Phosphorylation and Identification of Phosphorylation Sites on the CCR5 Carboxyl Terminus (1999)

The binding of CC chemokines to CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) triggers cellular responses that, generally, are only transient in nature. To explore the potential role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in the regulation of CCR5, we performed phosphorylation experiments in a rat basophilic leukemia cell line stably expressing CCR5. The ability of various CCR5 ligands to stimulate calcium mobilization in these cells correlated with their ability to induce receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, internalization, and GRK association with the receptor. Aminooxypentane-RANTES, a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus infection, has been proposed to act through enhanced CCR5 internalization and inhibition of receptor recycling. Aminooxypentane-RANTES profoundly induced CCR5 phosphorylation, but had no effect on CCR1. In permeabilized rat basophilic leukemia CCR5 cells, monoclonal antibodies with specificity for GRK2/3 inhibited RANTES-induced receptor phosphorylation. Consistent with a role for these kinases in CCR5 regulation, 1-2 x 10(5) copies of GRK2 or GRK3 were found to be expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that RANTES-induced CCR5 phosphorylation selectively occurs on serine residues. Our findings with receptor mutants indicate that serine residues at positions 336, 337, 342, and 349 represent GRK phosphorylation sites on CCR5. This study demonstrates that chemokines differ in their ability to induce CCR5 phosphorylation and desensitization and provides a molecular mechanism for the agonist-induced attenuation of CCR5 signaling.
Cyanines as New Fluorescent Probes for DNA Detection and Two-Photon Excited Bioimaging (2010)

A series of cyanine fluorophores based on fused aromatics as an electron donor for DNA sensing and two-photon bioimaging were synthesized, among which the carbazole-based biscyanine exhibits high sensitivity and efficiency as a fluorescent light-up probe for dsDNA, which shows selective binding toward the AT-rich regions. The synergetic effect of the bischromophoric skeleton gives a several-fold enhancement in a two-photon absorption cross-section as well as a 25- to 100-fold enhancement in two-photon excited fluorescence upon dsDNA binding.
Synthetic acylsugars and their effects on the control of arthropod pests (2017)

ABSTRACT One of the main problems facing agriculture is the loss of production as a result of the attack of agricultural pests. Alternative ways to work around this problem are being sought. There are substances called acylsugars that are naturally produced by the wild tomato species S. pennellii and affect arthropod pests. The objectives of this work were to synthesize two acylsugars and assess the biological effect of these on the arthropod pests Bemissia tabaci and Tetranycus urticae. The syntheses were performed via the reactions of glucose and sucrose (saccharose) with acetic anhydride using sodium acetate as the catalyst. The products of these reactions were sucrose octa-acetate and glucose penta-acetate, the structures of which were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. In a resistance test against the mite, a linear correlation between the concentration of the synthesized substances, and the dislocation of the mite was obtained. A delay in the hatching of the arthropod eggs was observed, causing a mortality rate of approximately 95% in the 1st instar larvae of mites that was confirmed in adults. In the biological tests with Bemisia tabaci, there was a low rate of hatching and emergence, and the effect on the nymphs was the deformation of the emergent adults.
Power Distribution and Management (2007)

There is an extreme range of power constraints in today’s electronic applications, ranging from high-performance servers to low-power personal-health-care products. Traditionally, chips in these domains have been designed with a fixed power-supply-voltage and frequency. With the explosion in variability in today’s nanoscale circuits, fixed operating points with large process variations require wide design margins, incurring a cost in power consumption or performance. Squeezing the most out of these designs involves optimizing the power distribution and management methods. To do this, two independent technologies are needed: the ability to measure accurately the chip behavior and the ability to use this information to control system parameters such as frequency and voltage.