gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-Class Variation Reduction Using Training Expression Images for Sparse Representation Based Facial Expression Recognition (2014)

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) is becoming increasingly important in the area of affective computing systems because of its various emerging applications such as human-machine interface and human emotion analysis. Recently, sparse representation based FER has become popular and has shown an impressive performance. However, sparse representation could often produce less meaningful sparse solution for FER due to intra-class variation such as variation in identity or illumination. This paper proposes a new sparse representation based FER method, aiming to reduce the intra-class variation while emphasizing the facial expression in a query face image. To that end, we present a new method for generating an intra-class variation image of each expression by using training expression images. The appearance of each intra-class variation image could be close to the appearance of the query face image in identity and illumination. Therefore, the differences between the query face image and its intra-class variation images are used as the expression features for sparse representation. Experimental results show that the proposed FER method has high discriminating capability in terms of improving FER performance. Further, the intra-class variation images of non-neutral expressions are complementary with that of neutral expression, for improving FER performance.
Compensation of magnetic field distortions from paramagnetic instruments by added diamagnetic material: Measurements and numerical simulations (2004)

In minimally invasive procedures guided by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging instruments usually are made of titanium or titanium alloys (e.g., nitinol), because other more MR-compatible materials often cannot provide sufficient mechanical properties. Artifacts depending on susceptibility arise in MR images due to incorrect spatial encoding and intravoxel dephasing and thereby hamper the surgeon's view onto the region of interest. To overcome the artifact problem, compensation of the paramagnetic properties by diamagnetic coating or filling of the instruments has been proposed in the literature. We used a numerical modeling procedure to estimate the effect of compensation. Modeling of the perturbation of the static magnetic field close to the instruments reflects the underlying problem and is much faster and cost efficient than manufacturing prototypes and measuring artifact behavior of these prototypes in the MR scanner. A numerical model based on the decomposition of the susceptibility distribution in elementary dipoles was developed by us. The program code was written object oriented to allow for both maximum computational speed and minimum random access memory. We used System International units throughout the modeling for the magnetic field, allowing absolute quantification of the magnetic field disturbance. The field outside a simulated needlelike instrument, modeled by a paramagnetic cylinder (out of titan, chi =181.1) of length 8.0 mm and of diameter 1.0 mm, coated with a diamagnetic layer (out of bismuth, chi=-165.0) of thickness 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm, was found to be best compensated if the cross-sectional area of the cylinder, multiplied by the absolute susceptibility value of the cylinder material, is equal to the cross-sectional area of the coating, multiplied by the absolute susceptibility value of the coating material. At the extremity of the coated cylinder an uncompensated field distortion was found to remain. We studied various tip shapes and geometries using our computational model: Suitable diamagnetic coating or filling of paramagnetic instruments clearly reduced tip artifacts and diminished the dependency of artifact size on orientation of the instrument with respect to B0 in the numerical studies. We verified the results of the simulations by measuring coated and uncoated titanium wires in a 1.5 T MR scanner.
AmEx offers Web only credit card numbers (2000)

This chapter contains information on setting up a finalization and commissioning checklist, special implementations, custom system reports implementation, and securing the security system. System finalization includes commissioning, training, and acceptance. Steps include device IP addressing and startup, device communications and programming, and securing the security system.It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that the security system design includes securing the security system. Security measures should be taken at all seven layers of the OSI networking model, where possible. RF systems in particular should be secured because their infrastructure has no physical security. Common RF attacks include•Probing/network discovery•Denial of service attacks•Surveillance•Impersonation•Client-to-client intrusion•Client-to-network intrusion•Rogue APs and ad hoc networksArchived data must also be secured, and a business continuity program should be developed for the security system. User classes and authorities should be set up, and logon/logoff security should be considered. System cutover should be well planned so as to occur smoothly. System maps should be created that allow the security console officer to easily control the system and get a full situational view of what is going on in the facility.
Acoustic diagnosis of gas insulated substations: a theoretical and experimental basis (1990)

Loose particles and discharges inside the ducts of a gas-insulated substation (GIS) are considered hazardous to the insulation system. These irregularities or flaws can be detected by using acoustic sensors placed on the enclosure. An elementary review of sound propagation in a GIS together with corresponding experimental results are presented. By using ultrasonic acoustic emission sensors, an excellent sensitivity to discharges and moving particles is obtained. The method offers possibilities for quantification of the flaws, and thereby for a risk analysis. However, the degree of certainty of such an analysis is still low, especially for particles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Encyclopedia of Medical Genomics and Proteomics (2004)

The Encyclopedia of Medical Genomics and Proteomics offers trail-blazing studies and authoritative contributions from more than 400 specialists on molecular diagnostics, genomics, microbiology, genetics, pharmacogenetics, pathology, forensics, tissue and cell typing, and disease susceptibility. It features coverage of key methods and technologies such as predictive genetic and pharmacogenetic testing and tissue typing for transplantation. It compiles recommendations, research, spanning critical subjects such as DNA sequencing, point-of-care testing, quality management, oncology, cancer screening, and ethical issues related to genetics.
Assessing Aspect-Oriented Programming and Design: Preliminary Results (1998)

Aspect-oriented programming is a new software design and implementation technique proposed by researchers at Xerox PARC. This project is assessing the claims of aspect-oriented programming to improve the software development cycle for particular kinds of applications. The project is divided into three experiments, the first of which has been completed. These experiments have been designed to investigate, separately, such characteristics of aspect-oriented development as the creation of new aspect-oriented programs and ease of debugging aspect-oriented programs. 1 Introduction Two of the most important and most difficult questions one can ask about a new design or programming approach are whether the approach is useful and whether the approach is usable. One way to evaluate these questions is to make the design or programming approach immediately accessible to the greater community and to simply see whether the approach sinks or swims. Although ultimately the goal is to positively affe...
Bionic electrospun ultrafine fibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds with a multi-scale structure (2009)

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) tissue engineering scaffolds with porous inner structures of individual fibers and controllable architectures were successfully fabricated from the homogeneous polymer-solvent-nonsolvent system (PLLA, CH(2)Cl(2) and DMF) by a single capillary electrospinning with certain conductive patterned templates as fiber collectors. PLLA was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) and methylene chloride (CH(2)Cl(2)) mixed solvent with different ratios. Semi-hollow fiber with porous inner structure and compact shell wall was formed by controlling the content of DMF in the mixed solvents. It is believed that the phase separation should be the key origin for the formation of this microstructure. In order to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) with a specific structure, conductive patterned collectors were designed and employed to manufacture PLLA ultrafine fibrous scaffolds with three-dimensional architectures. We believe these kinds of multi-scale biodegradable fibrous scaffolds with specific microstructure and macro-architectures could make the electrospun fibrous scaffold better mimic the natural extracellular matrix to satisfy tissue engineering.
Cloud access control in multi-layer cloud networks (2015)

Multi-layer cloud network is a new paradigm of mobile cloud computing. In multi-layer cloud networks, any device could augment its resources by offloading their tasks to public clouds, private clouds, or even user devices. However, it is difficult to handle access control on data stored in different clouds which may offer various access control mechanisms. In this paper, the cloud access control (CAC) is proposed to provide a universal access control on data, no matter where the data is stored in cloud networks. Data owners could easily specify who, when, and how to access their data in cloud access control expression language (CACEL). Compared to existing expression languages, such as ORDL and XACML, CACEL is more suitable for cloud access control since it is initially designed for protecting data in cloud networks.
Passive mode locking of a self-frequency-doubling Yb:YAl_3(BO_3)_4 laser (2002)

We report passive mode-locking experiments with a novel self-doubling laser crystal Yb:YAl(3)(BO(3))(4) (Yb:YAB). The diode-pumped laser was mode locked by an ion-implanted semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. Far off phase matching, soliton mode locking produced pulse widths of 198 fs to 1.4 ps, with up to 660-mW output and optical efficiency of 24% at 1040 nm. The shortest pulses had a peak power of 28 kW with 440-mW average power and 16% efficiency. A few degrees off phase matching, a total of 60 mW of green femtosecond pulses was generated simultaneously. Close to phase matching, the laser produced picosecond pulses and, without infrared output, a total of 270 mW of green output, corresponding to 10% conversion efficiency (absorbed pump to green output).
Floating-Point Matrix Product on FPGA (2007)

The nature of some scientific computing applications involves performing complex tasks repeatedly on floating-point data, often under real-time requirements. Therefore, high performance systems are required by the developers for fast computations. Many researchers have begun to recognize the potential of reconfigurable hardware such as field-programable gate arrays in implementing floating-point arithmetic. In this paper a floating-point adder and multiplier are presented. The proposed cores are used as basic components for the implementation of a parallel floating-point matrix multiplier designed for 3D afflne transformations. The cores have been implemented on recent FPGA devices. The performance in terms of area/speed of the proposed architectures has been assessed and has shown that they require less area and can be run with a higher frequency when compared with existing systems.
Enterococci: susceptibility patterns and therapeutic options. (1995)

Enterococcal isolates are increasingly responsible for nosocomial infections in the last decade and they are recently cited as being the second most common pathogen isolated from hospitalized patients. Enterococcal infections can be localized at different sites: endocarditis, CNS, intrabdominal, pelvic. The epidemiological trend may be a consequence of predisposing risk factors due to hospitalization such as instrumentation, immunosuppression, long-term hospitalization. Nevertheless the most alarming aspect of the problem is the increasing detection of antibiotic resistance Enterococcal strains, especially the high level resistance (HLR) to aminoglycosides, penicillin and glycopeptides must not be underestimated. Optimal antibiotic regimes for the treatment of multiple resistant strains in severe enterococcal infections are not been defined yet and antibiotic association such as aminoglycosides + glycopeptides or glycopeptides + fluoroquinolones could be suggested.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Antigens Inducing Early Immune Response in Infants (2017)

To identify the Helicobacter pylori antigens operating during early infection in sera from infected infants using proteomics and immunoblot analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) large and small gel electrophoresis was performed using H. pylori strain 51. We performed 2D immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody immunoblotting using small gels on sera collected at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 4-11-month-old infants confirmed with H. pylori infection by pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoblot spots appearing to represent early infection markers in infant sera were compared to those of the large 2D gel for H. pylori strain 51. Corresponding spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The peptide fingerprints obtained were searched in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Eight infant patients were confirmed with H. pylori infection based on urease tests, histopathologic examinations, and pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. One infant showed a 2D IgM immunoblot pattern that seemed to represent early infection. Immunoblot spots were compared with those from whole-cell extracts of H. pylori strain 51 and 18 spots were excised, digested in gel, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Of the 10 peptide fingerprints obtained, the H. pylori proteins flagellin A (FlaA), urease β subunit (UreB), pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR), and translation elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) were identified and appeared to be active during the early infection periods. These results might aid identification of serological markers for the serodiagnosis of early H. pylori infection in infants.
SCREENING OF H O ST-MEDIATED ANTITUMOR POLYSACCHARIDES BY CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS USING FRESH HUMAN SERUM (1983)

On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, human serum C3 (the third component of complement) converted by antitumor polysaccharides (ATSO [antitumor polysaccharide oral], AB-P [Agaricaus blazei polysaccharide], GU-P [Grifora umbellata polysaccharide], PS-K [polysaccharide Kureha] and zymosan) moved faster than native C3, appearing as the 3rd peak. The ratio of height of the 3rd peak to the α2-macroglobulin (γ2-M) peak was linearly proportional to the dose of ATSO. At the dose of 500 μg/ml antitumor polysaccharides, the ratios were higher than 0.76, and the ratios for the serum treated with polysaccharide of no antitumor activity (dextran and gum arabic) were less than about 0.52. This ratio readily determined in vivo can be used as a measure for the antitumor activity of polysaccharides.
In Situ Permittivity of Canine Brain: Regional Variations and Postmortem Changes (1986)

A new probe-based measurements system was used to study dielectric properties of brain in situ, under conditions of induced physiological and pathological changes. Comparative measurements were made as function of time for 30 min prior to euthanasia and for 90-min post-mortem on the pia, the dura (both normal and anoxic), and in grey and white matter. All measurements were performed at 2450 MHz using a probe of diameter comparable to a 16-gauge hypodermic needle. Both conductivity and dielectric constant gradually decrease with time following CaCl/sub 2/ or KCI injection; however, following CaCl/sub 2/ induced cardiac arrest, values increased transiently upon injection, with subsequent decrease similar to KCI euthanasia. This indicates that the CaCl/sub 2/ injection causes a stronger and more abrupt change in blood flow to the brain, as expected from the different mechanisms by which the K/sup +/ and Ca/sup 2+/ ions cause cardiovascular arrest. Values of dielectric properties in homogenized brain--containing all tissue types--lay within the range of values recorded for different tissue types. Lower values for deeper tissue (white matter) reflect the reduced blood flow in comparison to that of the cortex (grey matter) and possible tissue differences. These regional differences are significant in determining absorption patterns for microwave exposure of the head.
MnO2 prepared by hydrothermal method and electrochemical performance as anode for lithium-ion battery (2014)

Two α-MnO2 crystals with caddice-clew-like and urchin-like morphologies are prepared by the hydrothermal method, and their structure and electrochemical performance are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic cell cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology of the MnO2 prepared under acidic condition is urchin-like, while the one prepared under neutral condition is caddice-clew-like. The identical crystalline phase of MnO2 crystals is essential to evaluate the relationship between electrochemical performances and morphologies for lithium-ion battery application. In this study, urchin-like α-MnO2 crystals with compact structure have better electrochemical performance due to the higher specific capacity and lower impedance. We find that the relationship between electrochemical performance and morphology is different when MnO2 material used as electrochemical supercapacitor or as anode of lithium-ion battery. For lithium-ion battery application, urchin-like MnO2 material has better electrochemical performance.
Autotropic Bacteria and the Formation of Acid in Bituminous Coal Mines (1953)

Thiobacillus thiooxidans increases the acid formation from certain types of the pyritic concretions in coal known as sulfur balls, as well as from marcasite. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans increases the acid formed from museum grade pyrite of fine particle size as well as from sulfur balls. A general mechanism for acid formation in coal mines is proposed.
Real-Time Rendering (2018)

Thoroughly updated, this fourth edition focuses on modern techniques used to generate synthetic three-dimensional images in a fraction of a second. With the advent of programmable shaders, a wide variety of new algorithms have arisen and evolved over the past few years. This edition discusses current, practical rendering methods used in games and other applications. It also presents a solid theoretical framework and relevant mathematics for the field of interactive computer graphics, all in an approachable style. New to this edition: new chapter on VR and AR as well as expanded coverage of Visual Appearance, Advanced Shading, Global Illumination, and Curves and Curved Surfaces.
Intrathymic presentation of circulating non-MHC antigens by medullary dendritic cells. An antigen-dependent microenvironment for T cell differentiation. (1986)

We present evidence for intrathymic presentation of soluble circulating antigens in vivo. Our results show that proteins of different molecular weight enter the mouse thymus rapidly after i.v. injection. The intrathymic presence of antigen was assayed by proliferation of cloned antigen-specific T helper cells, which were cocultured with purified thymic stromal cells; stromal cells were isolated and purified as lymphostromal cell complexes, which preexist in vivo. Antigen presentation copurified with non-adherent medullary dendritic cells (DC) (interdigitating cells). I-A- cortical macrophages forming thymocyte rosettes in vivo and I-A+ cortical epithelial cells forming thymic nurse cells (TNC) in vivo did not act as antigen presenting cells (APC) after antigen pulsing in vivo or in vitro. Thymic APC turn over physiologically and are rapidly replaced (within 2-5 wk) after lethal irradiation by donor bone marrow-derived cells. The frequency of thymocyte-DC interactions in vivo strictly correlates with thymic T cell differentiation, and is independent of the immune status of the animal. Fetal thymic APC seem to be secluded from antigen in the maternal circulation. Thymic DC-ROS probably represent the microenvironment where maturing T cells first encounter non-MHC antigens in the context of self-MHC antigens.
Foamy Viruses Are Unconventional Retroviruses (1999)

Foamy viruses (FVs; also known as spumaviruses or spumaretroviruses) are classified as one of the genera of the Retroviridae. The FVs, first described in 1954 (18) and isolated in 1971 (1), have been rather neglected relative to their better known retroviral cousins, the type C oncoviruses and lentiviruses. Nonetheless, detailed analyses of this group during the past few years have revealed surprising, and in some cases remarkable, differences from all other retroviruses. In fact, in some respects their replication bridges the gap between retroviruses and the only other family of vertebrate reverse transcriptase (RT)-encoding viruses, the Hepadnaviridae. FVs are widespread, and viruses have been readily isolated from a variety of primate species, including gorillas (7), chimpanzees (33), baboons (13), African green monkeys (64), and numerous others. Recent phylogenetic analysis indicates that FVs have coevolved with their hosts (13). Feline (54, 57) and bovine species (40) are also infected by FV. There are several reports that FVs were detected in other species, such as sea lions (43) and hamsters (38), but no viral isolates are currently available. Studies of both simian foamy virus (SFV) and bovine foamy virus (BFV) in their natural hosts indicate that antiviral antibodies, but not viral infections, are acquired maternally. Animals become infected as young adults, presumably via saliva through biting or licking (13, 44). These viruses are highly cytopathic in many types of cells in tissue culture, leading to rapid syncytium formation, vacuolization of cells (hence the name foamy), and cell death (the biology of FVs is reviewed in reference 37). Human diploid fibroblast cells and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells are particularly sensitive to FV-induced cytopathic effects. Paradoxically, it is also possible to infect some cell lines, such as cell lines derived from human hematopoietic cells, and obtain persistently infected cultures which produce fairly high titers of replication-competent virus in the absence of cell death (91). The difference in host cell response that potentiates a lytic versus a persistent infection is not yet understood. It is rather curious that a virus which can be exceedingly cytopathic in vitro has not been unequivocally shown to cause disease. A major difference between FVs and the other retroviruses, as well as the hepadnaviruses, is that there is no evidence that FVs are pathogenic in either naturally or accidentally infected hosts. This has kindled interest in the use of FV as a vector for gene transfer (11, 62, 72).