gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterotoxigenicity and Cytotoxicity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Strains and Development of a Process for Cry1Ac Production (2002)

Bacillus thuringiensis is indistinguishable from Bacillus cereus except for the production of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs). B. thuringiensis strains may show enterotoxin profiles and toxin levels similar to those of B. cereus strains isolated from food-poisoning cases. It is important for the food industry and farmers to consider that with the application of B. thuringiensis strains to crops, their spores may be introduced into the human food chain. In this study, 59 B. thuringiensis strains were assayed for their hemolysin BL (HBL) using a BCET-RPLA kit and their cytotoxicity to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The enterotoxin titer was as high as that of B. cereus diarrheal-type strain ATCC 49064. In an attempt to obtain a food safety strain for bioinsecticide use, in this study, a 3.5-kb cry1Ac DNA fragment was amplified with PCR from the total DNA of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki CCRC 11502 and cloned into the Bacillus expression vector pHY300PLK. The alpha-amylase promoter, amyE, was then introduced into the promoter region and, afterward, the recombinant plasmid pHYe1Ac35 was introduced into a non-enterotoxigenic and non-cytotoxic B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Tt14 strain. The transformant, without any detectable enterotoxigenicity or cytotoxicity, produced Cry1Ac toxin properly, and its insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni larvae was found to be satisfactory.
Assessment of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate stability and identification of its degradation product by NMR spectroscopy (2018)

Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a long-acting prodrug stimulant indicated for the treatment of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), was subjected to forced degradation studies by acid and alkaline hydrolysis and the degradation profile was studied. To obtain between 10-30% of degraded product, acid and alkaline conditions were assessed with solutions of 0.01 M, 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M of DCl and NaOD. These solutions were analyzed through 1 H NMR spectra. Acid hydrolysis produced no degradation in 0.01 M and 0.1 M DCl and 4.38%, 9.69%, and 17.75% of degradation LDX, respectively, in 0.5 M, 1 M (4h) and 1 M (4 + 12 h) DCl. And alkaline hydrolysis produced no degradation in 0.01 M and 0.1 M DCl and a degradation LDX extension of 8.5%, 14.30%, and 22.91%, respectively, in 0.5 M, 1 M (4h) and 1 M (4 + 12 h) NaOD. LDX solutions subjected to 1 M (4 + 12 h) acid and alkaline hydrolysis were evaluated by NMR spectra (1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HSQC and HMBC). LDX degradation product (DP) was identified and its structure elucidated as a diastereoisomer of LDX: (2R)-2,6-diamino-N-[(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl] hexanamide without their physical separation.
Conducted EMI noise mitigation in DC-DC converters using active filtering method (2008)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise mitigation is an important issue that should be addressed and emphasized when designing DC/DC converters. These later, are known to be the primary culprit of the EMI noise generation in most of the electronic systems, mainly due to the switching action of the MOSFET circuitries. Passive input EMI LC filters have been the intuitive solution for EMI noise mitigation; hence they have been integrated in almost every DC/DC converters. However, their size, weight and cost can cause a significant constraint in some applications. To overcome these constraints, an input active EMI filter is proposed. The active filter is based on the noise current phase shift and the injection of this noise current back to the DC input bus. However, the combination of the input active and the passive filters shows a substantial attenuation of the conducted emissions as compared to the passive filter only, which in turn contributes to the reduction of the size and weight of the input passive EMI filter. The proposed combination provides a design solution for compliance engineers where the PCB real-estate is an issue. Experimental results to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the input active EMI filter in DC/DC converters are presented.
Commonsense Leadership for Uncommon Times (2003)

An article discussing the merits of commonsense leadership.
No Administration Protocol (NAP) for IPv6 Router Auto-Configuration (2005)

This paper outlines the concept of auto-organization in IPv6 networks. If the auto-configuration of hosts is defined by IPv6 and mandatory, these mechanisms can not be assimilated to a fully plug and play feature as IPv6 routers still have to be manually configured. In order to succeed in new domains such as SOHO, a full auto-configuration feature must be offered. Indeed, the configuration of 64 bits IPv6 prefixes and the numbering of links are not really friendly and are error prone especially in home networking. This paper tackles the issues that arise, reviews actual solutions and proposes a totally distributed protocol named NAP for IPv6 routers auto-configuration.
Motion planning for robotic spray cleaning with environmentally safe solvents (2002)

Automatic motion planning of a spray cleaning robot with collision avoidance is presented. In manufacturing environments, electronic and mechanical components are traditionally cleaned by spraying or dipping them using chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) solvents. As new scientific data show that such solvents are major causes for stratospheric ozone depletion, an alternate cleaning method is needed. Part cleaning with aqueous solvents is environmentally safe, but will require precision spraying at high pressures for extended time periods. Operator fatigue during manual spraying can decrease the quality of the cleaning process. By spraying with a robotic manipulator, the necessary spray accuracy and consistency to manufacture high-reliability components can be obtained. Our motion planner was developed to automatically generate motions for spraying robots based on the part geometry and cleaning process parameters. For spray cleaning, the requirement to reach hidden surfaces necessitates the addition of a rule-based method to the geometric motion planning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Revisiting the liability of fire services (2016)

The author considers the significance of the Inner House decision in A J Allan (Blairnyle) Ltd v Strathclyde Fire Board [2016] CSIH 3; 2016 S.L.T. 253, the latest in a line of cases involving the potential liability of the fire service. Not only is the case an important one in relation to the potential liability of firefighters (and public authority liability more generally), but it also considers the increasingly important role of policy in determining the scope of any duty of care.
Tests of hypotheses (2016)

Hypotheses of frequent interest are related to the problems such as the effects of medical treatments, differences among the effects of treatments or dosages of drugs, and the side effects of certain treatments. This chapter presents the statistical tests of hypotheses related to the means and variances. The Critical Region (C.R.) is the region of the test statistic for rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It is formed from the test statistic and the specified significance level. To examine whether the mean of the LDLs has exceeded 100, the right-sided alternative is considered. Similarly, to examine whether the mean of the HDL has become lower than 40, the left-sided alternative is also considered. Several medical experiments are conducted to examine the differences of the effects of two or more treatments, for instance, on the adults of a selected group, or to compare the effect of a single treatment on two age groups.
Characterization and localization of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> calreticulin Sm58 (1994)

Recombinant Schistosoma mansoni calreticulin (SmCaR) was expressed in Escherichia coli, using the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, and its Ca(2+)-binding capacity was determined. Results obtained by a 45Ca2+ overlay technique showed that Ca(2+)-binding site(s) were present in the recombinant CaR indicating that proper folding of the protein was obtained using this system. An antiserum raised against the recombinant SmCaR showed that the native protein (Sm58) was expressed in all stages of the life-cycle from cercariae to the adult worm and in the egg. However, SmCaR seems to be a developmentally regulated protein whose expression can be used to study the post-transformational differentiation of the schistosomulum. Localization of SmCaR demonstrated that the majority of SmCaR was expressed in the epithelia of the digestive duct and in the genital organs. These results suggest that SmCaR, by regulating the Ca2+ concentration, may play an important role during cell proliferation. Finally the presence of SmCaR in miracidia and in the genital organs suggests that the antibody response directed against this protein could interfere in egg production.
Learning to Recover 3D Scene Shape from a Single Image (2020)

Despite significant progress in monocular depth estimation in the wild, recent state-of-the-art methods cannot be used to recover accurate 3D scene shape due to an unknown depth shift induced by shift-invariant reconstruction losses used in mixed-data depth prediction training, and possible unknown camera focal length. We investigate this problem in detail, and propose a two-stage framework that first predicts depth up to an unknown scale and shift from a single monocular image, and then use 3D point cloud encoders to predict the missing depth shift and focal length that allow us to recover a realistic 3D scene shape. In addition, we propose an image-level normalized regression loss and a normal-based geometry loss to enhance depth prediction models trained on mixed datasets. We test our depth model on nine unseen datasets and achieve state-of-the-art performance on zero-shot dataset generalization. Code is available at: https://git.io/Depth
One-step Heck Reaction Generates Nonimmunosuppressive FK506 Analogs for Pharmacological BMP Activation (2019)

FKBP12 ligands such as FK506 have been shown to activate the BMP signaling pathway and facilitate tissue regeneration. However, the immunosuppressive activity of FK506 limits its clinical application. Using Heck reaction, we generated nonimmunosuppressive analogs of FK506 by fusing heterocycles to the calcineurin (CN) binding domain of FK506. Structure-activity relationships provided novel mechanistic insights into the FK506-CN interaction that can be exploited for rational design of future analogs.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in high-risk pulmonary infections: a clinical review (2014)

The aim of this article was to review the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute pulmonary infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 and tuberculosis, and to assess the risk of disease transmission with the use of NIV from patients to healthcare workers. We performed a clinical review by searching Medline and EMBASE. These databases were searched for articles on "clinical trials" and "randomised controlled trials". The keywords selected were non-invasive ventilation pulmonary infections, influenza-A (H1N1), SARS and tuberculosis. These terms were cross-referenced with the following keywords: health care workers, airborne infections, complications, intensive care unit and pandemic. The members of the International NIV Network examined the major results regarding NIV applications and SARS, H1N1 and tuberculosis. Cross-referencing mechanical ventilation with SARS yielded 76 studies, of which 10 studies involved the use of NIV and five were ultimately selected for inclusion in this review. Cross-referencing with H1N1 yielded 275 studies, of which 27 involved NIV. Of these, 22 were selected for review. Cross-referencing with tuberculosis yielded 285 studies, of which 15 involved NIV and from these seven were selected. In total 34 studies were selected for this review. NIV, when applied early in selected patients with SARS, H1N1 and acute pulmonary tuberculosis infections, can reverse respiratory failure. There are only a few reports of infectious disease transmission among healthcare workers.
Exposing The Myths: Organizing Women Around the World (1995)

[Excerpt] Myths about organizing women, and women of color in particular, prevent the labor movement from hearing and acting on the real opportunities to work together on issues that affect everyone. This article contributes to the burgeoning effort to listen to what women around the world are saying about their role in the labor movement. The article includes stories of women from the African country of Uganda and the Asian countries of Sri Lanka, South Korea, and Nepal. These stories are not isolated incidents; they represent the growing participation of women in labor movements around the world. Gaining an appreciation for this growing participation will help lay to rest some of the widelyheld myths about organizing women - myths that still persist after years of effort to combat them.
Copyright protection and management and a web based library for digital images of the Hellenic cultural heritage (2001)

The main issue addressed in this paper is the design and implementation of an Advanced Digital Image Repository, which offers specialized services and a Dedicated User Interface for the protection and management of the Intellectual Property Rights of digitized material. In addition, another main research area of this contribution is the implementation of a Web Based Library, supported by advanced technologies, for the proper presentation of the digital cultural content. The work described in this contribution focuses on digitized material of the Hellenic Cultural Heritage. It has been carried out as part of the PRAXITELIS Project, which was presented during the Culture Track of the WWW9 Conference in Amsterdam [5]. This project is focusing on countering "electronic theft" and protecting the copyright of digital surrogates of photographs of artifacts, monuments and sites.
Multiple-line full-field laser-camera range sensor (2007)

Optical methods based on structured-light projection are typically used for three-dimensional (3D) surface-geometry measurement as the methods are non-contacting. Single-line projection techniques are most commonly used; however, they require a translation or rotation stage to scan the range-sensor head across the object surface. Phase-shifting fringe projection full-field methods have been commonly used with projection of two to four fringe patterns during measurement. Simultaneous projection of multiple structured-light lines is a practical alternative full-field method as it offers the advantage of range image capture using a single image or simultaneously captured image pair. This paper presents a multiple-line full-field laser-camera range sensor, calibrated using a novel 2-D image-plane to 3D-object-space mapping. The sensor employs a 31 laser-line projector and two CCD cameras. To calibrate the system, 31 laser lines were simultaneously projected onto a black plate with horizontal line markings of known spacing. Images were acquired with the plate at 6 known depths over a 200 mm range of depth. After conical diffraction correction was applied to the object-space coordinates for all points, a mapping of 2D image coordinates to the known 3D object-space coordinates was carried out for each of the 31 laser projections using closed-form Bezier surface fitting. The mean of the absolute value of the calibration errors were 0.010 mm and 0.010 mm in <i>X</i>, 0.598 and 0.465 mm in <i>Y</i> (vertical), and 0.190 mm and 0.189 mm in <i>Z</i> (depth), for the two cameras, respectively. The method has the advantage that no knowledge of the geometry of the laser-camera setup is required and accurate alignment of the laser and camera is not necessary. The calibration technique also accounts for any lens distortion from the low cost cameras.
Physical mechanism and mathematical modeling of earthquake ionospheric precursors registered in total electron content (2009)

The physical mechanism by which the regions with increased or decreased total electron content, registered by measuring delays of GPS satellite signals before strong earthquakes, originate in the ionosphere has been proposed. Vertical plasma transfer in the ionospheric F 2 region under the action of the zonal electric field is the main disturbance formation factor. This field should be eastward, generating the upward component of plasma electromagnetic drift, in the cases of increased total electron content at midlatitudes and deepened minimum of the F 2 layer equatorial anomaly. Upward plasma drift increases electron density due to a decrease in the O+ ion loss rate at midlatitudes and decreases this density above the equator due to an enhancement of the fountain effect (plasma discharge into the equatorial anomaly crests). The pattern of the spatial distribution of the seismogenic electric field potential has been proposed. The eastward electric field can exist in the epicentral region only if positive and negative electric charges are located at the western and eastern boundaries of this region, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism was studied by modeling the ionospheric response to the action of the electric field generated by such a charge configuration. The results of the numerical computations indicated that the total electron content before strong earthquakes at middle and low latitudes is in good agreement with the observations.
FlashVM: revisiting the virtual memory hierarchy (2009)

Flash memory is the largest change to storage in recent history. To date, most research has focused on integrating flash as persistent storage in file systems, with little emphasis on virtual memory paging. However, the VM architecture in most of the commodity operating systems is heavily customized for using disks through software layering, request clustering, and prefetching. We revisit the VM hierarchy in light of flash memory and identify mechanisms that inhibit utilizing its full potential. We find that software overhead for a page fault can be as high as the latency to read a page from flash, and that swap systems are overly tuned towards the characteristics of disks. Based on this study, we propose a new system design, FlashVM, that pages directly to flash memory, avoids unnecessary disk-based optimizations, and orders page writes to flash memory without any firmware support. With flash prices dropping exponentially and speeds improving, we argue that FlashVM proves to be a much cheaper and faster virtual memory system.
Stress, Locus of Control, and Achievement of High School Seniors (1988)

High school seniors in the top and bottom quartiles of achievement ( ns = 30) showed locus of control was strongly related to tension-stress, those internally oriented showing lower tension-stress. Number of life changes was associated with tension-stress; girls scored higher than boys. School-related stress was deemed to be an important factor in the lives of these students.
The Spectrum of Pneumatosis Intestinalis (2003)

Mucosal integrity, intraluminal pressure, bacterial flora, and intraluminal gas all interact in the formation of pneumatosis intestinalis. Radiography and computed tomography are the best diagnostic tests. Nonoperative management should be pursued in most patients, and underlying illnesses should be treated. When acute complications appear, such as perforation, peritonitis, and necrotic bowel, surgery is indicated.
Volumetric Billboards (2009)

Abstract We introduce an image‐based representation, called volumetric billboards, allowing for the real‐time rendering of semi‐transparent and visually complex objects arbitrarily distributed in a 3D scene. Our representation offers full parallax effect from any viewing direction and improved anti‐aliasing of distant objects. It correctly handles transparency between multiple and possibly overlapping objects without requiring any primitive sorting. Furthermore, volumetric billboards can be easily integrated into common rasterization‐based renderers, which allows for their concurrent use with polygonal models and standard rendering techniques such as shadow‐mapping. The representation is based on volumetric images of the objects and on a dedicated real‐time volume rendering algorithm that takes advantage of the GPU geometry shader. Our examples demonstrate the applicability of the method in many cases including levels‐of‐detail representation for multiple intersecting complex objects, volumetric textures, animated objects and construction of high‐resolution objects by assembling instances of low‐resolution volumetric billboards.
Einführung in die Problemstellung (1997)

Derzeit finden überall auf der Welt zahlreiche Veränderungen sowohl im politischen als auch im wirtschaftlichen Bereich statt. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund des technischen Fortschritts wird der Wettbewerb globaler, und die Anbieter sehen sich sowohl im Investitions- als auch im Konsumgüterbereich einem verschärften Wettbewerb ausgesetzt. Der Markt wird zunehmend vom Kunden bestimmt, und die Unternehmen sehen sich gezwungen, immer exakter und schneller auf Kundenanforderungen zu reagieren. Darüber hinaus wird der Wettbewerb in ansteigendem Maß von technologischen Innovationen geprägt, verbunden mit dem Zusammenwachsen von Märkten, einer zunehmenden Internationalisierung der Geschäfte und veränderten Wertvorstellungen in der Gesellschaft.1 Stimmt die Einschätzung, daß sich die Marktdynamik und -Unsicherheit künftig noch verstärken wird, sollten Unternehmen bereits heute ihre Fähigkeit stärken, schneller und flexibler als bisher auf sich ändernde Markt- und Wettbewerbsverhältnisse reagieren zu können.2
3D shape-based face recognition using automatically registered facial surfaces (2004)

We address the use of three-dimensional facial shape information for human face identification. We propose a new method to represent faces as 3D registered point clouds. Fine registration of facial surfaces is done by first automatically finding important facial landmarks and then, establishing a dense correspondence between points on the facial surface with the help of a 3D face template-aided thin plate spline algorithm. After the registration of facial surfaces, similarity between two faces is defined as a discrete approximation of the volume difference between facial surfaces. Experiments done on the 3D RMA dataset show that the proposed algorithm performs as good as the point signature method, and it is statistically superior to the point distribution model-based method and the 2D depth imagery technique. In terms of computational complexity, the proposed algorithm is faster than the point signature method.
Intraoperative Measurement of Cerebral and Tumor Blood Flow with Laser-Doppler Flowmetry (1989)

A new technique, laser-Doppler flowmetry, has been used intraoperatively to measure blood flow responses in normal brain tissue and brain tumor to blood pressure and arterial blood gas alterations. We have observed that blood flow is reduced in most cerebral tumors, and that most tumors retain the normal response to changes in arterial blood gas; however, these responses are varied. One group of tumors in our study demonstrated an autoregulatory capacity; a second behaved passively--that is, blood flow changes followed blood pressure--while a third showed no response.