gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new time discrimination circuit for the 3D imaging Lidar (2012)

In order to enhance the time discrimination precision in the 3D imaging lidar, we propose a new time discrimination circuit, which improves both the delayer and the attenuator in the previous CFD (Constant Fraction Discriminator) circuit. The proposed circuit mainly includes a delayer, a low-pass filter, and a comparator. The delayer is implemented with a series of inductors and capacitors, which has some advantages: low signal distortion, small volume, easy adjustment, etc. The low-pass filter attenuates the signal amplitude and broadens the signal width, as well as reduces the noise by decreasing the equivalent noise bandwidth, and increases the signal slope at the discrimination time. Therefore, the time discrimination error is reduced significantly. This paper introduces the proposed circuit in detail, carries out a theoretical analysis for the noise and time discrimination error in the proposed circuit and compares them with the previous CFD circuit. The comparison results show that the proposed circuit can reduce the time discrimination error by about 50% under the same noise level. In addition, some experiments have been carried out to test the performances of the circuit. The experiments show that the time delay of the circuit is about 14ns, the time discrimination error is less than 150 ps when the voltage SNR ranges from 18.2 to 81.8, and the time discrimination error is less than 100 ps when the signal amplitude ranges from 0.2 V to 1.86 V. The tested time discrimination error is well in accordance with the theoretical calculation.
Reaction of O-benzylidene sugars with N-bromosuccinimide. IV. Neighboring-group effects and rearrangements (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of O-benzylidene sugars with N-bromosuccinimide. IV. Neighboring-group effects and rearrangementsStephen Hanessian and Nike R. PlessasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 4, 1053–1058Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01256a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01256a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design Improvisation for Reduced Harmonic Distortion in a Flux Pump-Integrated HTS Generator (2017)

This paper presents a design improvisation of a flux pump-integrated 10 kW high-temperature superconducting (HTS) proof of concept generator for reduced harmonic distortion. To carry out the design improvisation, a finite element analysis (FEA) model of the 10 kW HTS generator is developed, and time-stepped magnetic transient simulations are conducted on the 2D model. The effects of stator yoke material, winding pitch factors, and load configurations on total harmonic distortion (THD) are investigated. The results showed that fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) epoxy (G10) can be used as the stator yoke material to effectively avoid the hysteresis and eddy current losses. In addition, the study results show that for the non-conventional design of the machine, a winding pitch of 2/3 and the armature-load configuration of Star-Delta gives THD values within the standard limit defined by IEEE Standard 519-2014. The THD values indicate that the machine design configuration is suitable for the development of machines for both stand-alone and grid-connected operations, according to IEEE STD 519-2014.
Iss from a Virulent Avian Escherichia coli (2000)

No single characteristic of virulent avian Escherichia coli has been identified that can be exploited in colibacillosis detection protocols. Research in our lab suggests a strong association between the presence of an iss DNA sequence with an isolate's disease-causing ability. The study presented here focuses on the techniques used in the expression, purification, and characterization of avian E. coli Iss protein. In brief, iss was cloned into an expression vector, the construct was transformed into a protease-deficient E. coli, and expression was induced. The protein was expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion and purified by affinity chromatography. The GST portion was cleaved from Iss, Iss was harvested by affinity chromatography, and the identity of Iss was confirmed by N-terminal sequencing. Currently, purified Iss is being used to prepare hybridomas for production of monoclonal antibodies with the goal of evaluating anti-Iss as a reagent for the detection of virulent avian E. coli.
Application of Ionic Liquids in Liquid Chromatography (2007)

Interest in ionic liquids (ILs) for their potential application in analytical chemistry continues to grow. Their usefulness can be due to favourable physicochemical properties, like the lack of vapour pressure, good thermal and chemical stability as well as very good dissolution properties regarding both organic and inorganic compounds. A specific feature of ILs is that these compounds provide strong proton donor-acceptor intermolecular interactions. As a result, ILs are able to affect on the hydroxy groups of the silica supports the most popular stationary phases in liquid chromatography (LC). It is well known that the hydroxy groups, called free or isolated silanols cause serious problems in LC, especially when separating basic compounds. This review focuses on the application of ILs in LC and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and comparisons of their efficiency with standard silanol suppressing additives to mobile phases.
A 65 nm Embedded SRAM With Wafer Level Burn-In Mode, Leak-Bit Redundancy and Cu E-Trim Fuse for Known Good Die (2008)

We propose a wafer level burn-in (WLBI) mode, a leak-bit redundancy and a small, highly reliable Cu E-trim fuse repair for an embedded 6T-SRAM to achieve a known good die (KGD) SoC. We fabricated a 16 Mb SRAM with these techniques using 65 nm LSTP technology, and confirmed the efficient operations of these techniques. The WLBI mode enables simultaneous write operation for 6T-SRAM, and has no area penalty and a speed penalty of only 50 ps. The leak-bit redundancy for 6T-SRAM can reduce the infant mortality of the bare die, and improves the standby current distribution. The area penalty is less than 2%. The Cu E-trim fuse can be used beyond the 45 nm advanced process technology. The fuse requires no additional wafer process steps. Using only 1.2 V core transistors will allow CMOS technology scaling to enable fuse circuit size reduction. The trimming transistor is placed under the fuse due to there being no cracking around the trimmed position. We achieve the small fuse circuit size of 6 x 36 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 65 nm technology.
Inhibition of experimental metastasis and cell adhesion of B16F1 melanoma cells by inhibitors of protein kinase C. (1992)

Phorbol esters which activate protein kinase C (PKC) have been shown to enhance experimental lung metastasis. Therefore, it was reasoned that inhibitors of PKC might also modulate metastasis. We have investigated this possibility using a PKC inhibitor, MDL 27,032 [4-propyl-5(4-pyridinyl)-2(3H)-oxazolone], as well as staurosporine and H-7. Treatment of B16F1 murine melanoma cells with MDL 27,032 for 24 h in culture and subsequent i.v. injection of the cells into mice resulted in greater than 90% inhibition of lung metastasis. Inhibition of metastasis was time dependent, with 90% of maximum inhibition occurring by 8 h of incubation. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for inhibition of metastasis with MDL 27,032 was 7 microM, a value similar to that for the inhibition of B16F1 membrane-associated PKC (IC50 = 13 microM) but not cytosolic PKC (IC50 = 54 microM). B16F1 cells treated with MDL 27,032 for 24 h were less adherent than untreated cells to extracellular matrix/basement membrane proteins. Adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen IV was inhibited (IC50 = 6 microM and 48 microM, respectively) by MDL 27,032, whereas adherence to laminin and fibronectin was not affected, indicating that the drug affects specific adhesion molecules. MDL 27,032-treated cells were also found to be less adherent than untreated cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The phosphorylation of an 80-kDa B16F1 cell plasma membrane protein was stimulated under conditions known to stimulate PKC activity, and MDL 27,032 inhibited this phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. MDL 27,032 was more potent than H-7 for the inhibition of metastasis but was significantly less potent than staurosporine. These results support the hypothesis that there is a critical role for PKC-mediated phosphorylation of cell surface adhesion receptors in metastasis.
Skin sensitization potency of isoeugenol and its dimers evaluated by a non‐radioisotopic modification of the local lymph node assay and guinea pig maximization test (2007)

Allergic contact dermatitis is the serious unwanted effect arising from the use of consumer products such as cosmetics. Isoeugenol is a fragrance chemical with spicy, carnation-like scent, is used in many kinds of cosmetics and is a well-known moderate human sensitizer. It was previously reported that the dimerization of eugenol yielded two types of dimer possessing different sensitization potencies. This study reports the differences in skin sensitization potencies for isoeugenol and two types of dimer, beta-O-4-dilignol and dehydrodiisoeugenol (DIEG), as evaluated by the non-radioisotopic local lymph node assay (non-RI LLNA) and guinea pig maximization test. In the guinea pig maximization test, isoeugenol, beta-O-4-dilignol and DIEG were classified as extreme, weak and moderate sensitizers, respectively. As for the results of non-RI LLNA, the EC3 for isoeugenol, beta-O-4-dilignol and DIEG were calculated as 12.7%, >30% and 9.4%, respectively. The two types of isoeugenol dimer showed different sensitizing activities similar to the case for eugenol dimers. A reduction of sensitization potency achieved by dimerization may lead to developing safer cosmetic ingredients. Isoeugenol dimers are not currently used for fragrance chemicals. However, the dimerization of isoeugenol may yield a promising candidate as a cosmetic ingredient with low sensitization risk. The data may also provide useful information for the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in skin sensitization.
CD5 expression by B lymphocytes and its regulation upon Epstein–Barr virus transformation (2001)

Dim expression of CD5 on human B lymphocytes has been used to delineate B1 and B2 subsets. Nevertheless, others have suggested that the molecule is an activation marker and does not predicate a subset distinction. We have used enzymatic amplification staining, a technology that enhances the resolution of flow cytometric analysis of cell surface molecules by as much as 100-fold, to determine that essentially all human B cells express CD5. Furthermore, we show that this expression is regulated during Epstein-Barr virus transformation.
Simulation-based assessment of electric load management programs (1999)

The paper describes a methodology for assessing the contribution of storage type loads to an electric energy system's load curve and for evaluating the impact of load shedding actions, as part of load management programs, on the system's load curve. The methodology uses physically based individual load models and an aggregation procedure that accounts for both statistical reference patterns of the energy service demand and for the random nature of load use. A simulation case study of electric water heaters fed by a single transformer station is presented, to illustrate the effects of load control. The proposed methodology presents the possibility of evaluating—both at individual consumer level and at system level—the impacts of load management (LM) on the quality of service provided, besides anticipating the impact on the system's load curve. It allows an effective design of LM programs through variables such as the number of different load shedding schedules and their frequency of use by the utility. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AtCXXS: atypical members of the<i> Arabidopsis thaliana</i> thioredoxin h family with a remarkably high disulfide isomerase activity (2008)

The Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxin subgroup h III is composed of four members and includes the two monocysteinic (CXXS) thioredoxins encoded by the genome. We show that AtCXXS1 is the ortholog of monocysteinic thioredoxins present in all higher plants. In contrast, unicellular algae and the moss Physcomitrella patens do not encode monocysteinic thioredoxin. AtCXXS2, the second monocysteinic thioredoxin of Arabidopsis has no ortholog in any other higher plants. It probably appeared recently by duplications of a dicysteinic thioredoxin of the same subgroup h III. Both monocysteinic thioredoxins show a low disulfide reductase activity in vitro but are very efficient as disulfide isomerases in RNAse refolding tests. The possible interactions of these proteins with the glutathione glutaredoxin pathway are discussed on the basis of recent papers.
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene and Parkinson disease: Phenotype–genotype correlation (2005)

Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have been recently identified as contributory to Parkinson disease (PD) in Ashkenazi Jews. In the present study, the clinical characteristics of Ashkenazi patients with PD with GBA mutations (n = 40) were compared to those of Ashkenazi patients with PD without any known GBA mutation (n = 108). The overall clinical manifestations and age at disease onset did not differ in patients with GBA mutations compared to patients without mutations.
An exact discrete-event model and control policies for production lines with buffers (1991)

The authors present a hybrid simulation/analytic model for the analysis and design of unreliable production lines with buffers and discrete workparts. The model is exact and much faster than conventional piece-by-piece simulators. It can analyze, efficiently and accurately, lines of any size during either transient or steady-state periods by taking into account effectively all transients associated with the function of the line. It is demonstrated that the model is superior to both brute-force and event-driven models and is an efficient practical tool in the analysis and design of production lines. By incorporating the perturbation analysis technique into the proposed algorithm. the gradient estimation of the system's throughput can be performed during a single simulation run for various design parameters. A number of experimental results are reported for the repair allocation problem, and the optimality of various control policies is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HFE Mutations Analysis in 711 Hemochromatosis Probands: Evidence for S65C Implication in Mild Form of Hemochromatosis (1999)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive genetic disorder of iron metabolism. The HFE candidate gene encoding an HLA class I-like protein involved in HH was identified in 1996. Two missense mutations have been described: C282Y, accounting for 80% to 90% of HH chromosomes, and H63D, which is associated with a milder form of the disease representing 40% to 70% of non-C282Y HH chromosomes. We report here on the analysis of C282Y, H63D, and the 193A-->T substitution leading to the S65C missense substitution in a large series of probands and controls. The results confirm that the C282Y substitution was the main mutation involved in hemochromatosis, accounting for 85% of carrier chromosomes, whereas the H63D substitution represented 39% of the HH chromosomes that did not carry the C282Y mutation. In addition, our screening showed that the S65C substitution was significantly enriched in probands with at least one chromosome without an assigned mutation. This substitution accounted for 7.8% of HH chromosomes that were neither C282Y nor H63D. This enrichment of S65C among HH chromosomes suggests that the S65C substitution is associated with the mild form of hemochromatosis.
A cropping‐robust watermarking method based on singular value decomposition and Haar transformation (2003)

Abstract This paper proposes a new watermarking method which applies SVD (singular value decomposition) to the watermark image and the Haar transformation to the host image, respectively. In this method, relatively important information which corresponds to larger singular values is embedded as near to the center of the low‐frequency component image of the Haar transformed host image as possible. This method is useful in decreasing degradation of the quality of watermarked host images and thus in making the embedded watermark robust to various attacks. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(9): 38–47, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10371
Dynamin 2 the rescue for centronuclear myopathy (2014)

Centronuclear myopathy is a lethal muscle disease. The most severe form of the disease, X-linked centronuclear myopathy, is due to mutations in the gene encoding myotubularin (MTM1), while mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) and amphiphysin 2/BIN1 (AMPH2) cause milder forms of myopathy. MTM1 is a lipid phosphatase, and mutations that disrupt this activity cause severe muscle wasting. In this issue of the JCI, Cowling and colleagues report on their finding of increased DNM2 levels in human and mouse muscle with MTM1 mutations. Partial reduction of Dnm2 in mice harboring Mtm1 mutations remarkably rescued muscle wasting and lethality, and this effect was muscle specific. DNM2 regulates membrane trafficking through vesicular scission, and it is presumed that reducing this activity accounts for improved outcome in X-linked centronuclear myopathy.
buyer's point of view about animal welfare (2012)

While many feel as if animal agriculture has been thrust into the animal welfare debate, the reality is, other segments of animal agriculture have been entrenched in the conversation for years while the dairy industry has, until recently, remained at periphery. The reason for this, I believe, may be due in part to the fact that the dairy industry is not commonly associated by consumers with the death of animals. As a result, the dairy industry has not received a great deal of attention from activist organizations until relatively recently. In spite of the frustration that comes with such criticism, the dairy industry stands to benefit from the experience of other segments of animal agriculture. For every difference between beef, poultry, egg, pork, and dairy there are similarities. Developing an effective and defensible approach to animal welfare will require that we not only recognize these similarities and differences, but that we understand what consumers and customers are seeking as well, and it requires that we empower the care givers and stewards to promote and safeguard the welfare of dairy cattle. Accomplishing either one of these tasks alone will not be sufficient in meeting the challenges that lie ahead. We must success at both tasks. To do this, we must first understand the history of our relationship with animals, how it has changed and how those changes have affected consumers and their expectations of animal care in agriculture.
Design and characterization of collimated effusive gas beam sources: Effect of source dimensions and backing pressure on total flow and beam profile (2000)

The total flux and the flow profile of gas-phase molecular beams generated by a number of assemblies involving different combinations of apertures and capillary arrays were measured for a wide range of backing pressures covering the molecular and viscous flow regimes. Specifically, δ=10 and 50 μm diameter, L=2 mm thick glass capillary arrays were combined with single apertures of φ=0.17, 1.0, and 11.4 mm diameters and L=0.1, 0.5, and 2 mm thickness in order to design high-flux beam dosers with a high degree of collimation. The variations in the total flux and the spatial profile of the beams were tested as a function of the backing pressure, which was varied between 10−4 and 102 Torr, by a sampling movable skimmer. The data obtained under the molecular flow (low backing pressure) regime corroborate some conclusions from previous reports. In particular, it is shown here that the conductance of the dosers (the ratio of the total flux of the beam to the backing pressure) depends only on their geometry in that regime. The beam profile, on the other hand, deteriorates with increasing backing pressure because of the increase in gas–wall and gas–gas collisions in the intermediate “opaque” flow regime where the mean free path of the gas, λ, is larger than the diameter of the capillaries, δ, but smaller than the length of the tubes, L. As λ approaches δ, a transition “slip” regime is reached, and a drop in the conductance of the doser is observed. Finally, by pressures where λ&lt;0.05δ, a viscous laminar flow is established where the conductance of the doser increases with pressure and its directionality improves as well. The implications of our results to the design of molecular beams for specific applications are briefly discussed.
Protein‐Tyrosine phosphatases and the regulation of insulin action (1992)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) play an important role in the regulation of insulin action by dephosphorylating the active (autophosphorylated) form of the insulin receptor and attenuating its tyrosine kinase activity. PTPases can also modulate post-receptor signalling by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of cellular substrates of the insulin receptor kinase. Dramatic advances have recently been made in our understanding of PTPases as an extensive family of transmembrane and intracellular proteins that are involved in a number of pathways of cellular signal transduction. Identification of the PTPase(s) which act on various components of the insulin action cascade will not only enhance our understanding of insulin signalling but will also clarify the potential involvement of PTPases in the pathophysiology of insulin-resistant disease states. This brief review provides a summary of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation events in insulin action and available data on candidate PTPases in liver and skeletal muscle that may be involved in the regulation of insulin action.
Modulo (2n+1) arithmetic logic (1978)

A novel format for representing modulo (2n + 1) numbers is shown to be helpful in achieving modular addition and complementation. Logic for fast addition using carry-look-ahead and modular complementation is also presented.