gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Flash Memory as Data storage in E5 (2007)

This article introduces a new method to store data in flash memory based on Triscend E5 CPU, describes principle of how to use flash as data memory, analysises the processor of memory remap, and finally gives a architectural drawing and a key program.
Processing of 3D building models for location aware applications (2002)

Within the paper the integration of 3D building models in the context of location aware services is presented by two exemplary applications. First the intuitive access to object related information within an urban environment is by telepointing is described. For that purpose terrestrial images are mapped against a 3D model of the environment based on direct georeferencing and a image based localisation of depicted buildings. The oriented image then allows for the access to information related to the depicted objects by pointing to the respective image sections. Secondly, the paper presents an approach for the generalisation of 3D building models with regard to the visualisation of urban landscapes. Especially for applications such as web-based 3D GIS and the presentation of virtual walk-throughs on mobile computing devices, these generated representations of the 3D models are a prerequisite in order to generate level of detail structures for real-time rendering. 1.
Architecture for group communication in mobile systems (2002)

In mobile computing systems the network configuration changes due to node mobility. The paper identifies the issues a group communication service has to take into account in order to handle node mobility. These include the need to identify the location of a node, and the ability to cope with inaccuracies in the determination of a group membership. A multi level architecture for group communication in mobile systems is presented. This architecture contains a synchronous proximity layer protocol to determine the set of mobile nodes in the proximity of a given node in the network. This information is used by a three round group membership protocol for construction of groups used by mobile applications. As an example, the architecture is specialized to solve the channel allocation problem.
Retigabine, a Kv7.2/Kv7.3-Channel Opener, Attenuates Drug-Induced Seizures in Knock-In Mice Harboring Kcnq2 Mutations (2016)

The hetero-tetrameric voltage-gated potassium channel Kv7.2/Kv7.3, which is encoded by KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, plays an important role in limiting network excitability in the neonatal brain. Kv7.2/Kv7.3 dysfunction resulting from KCNQ2 mutations predominantly causes self-limited or benign epilepsy in neonates, but also causes early onset epileptic encephalopathy. Retigabine (RTG), a Kv7.2/ Kv7.3-channel opener, seems to be a rational antiepileptic drug for epilepsies caused by KCNQ2 mutations. We therefore evaluated the effects of RTG on seizures in two strains of knock-in mice harboring different Kcnq2 mutations, in comparison to the effects of phenobarbital (PB), which is the first-line antiepileptic drug for seizures in neonates. The subjects were heterozygous knock-in mice (Kcnq2Y284C/+ and Kcnq2A306T/+) bearing the Y284C or A306T Kcnq2 mutation, respectively, and their wild-type (WT) littermates, at 63-100 days of age. Seizures induced by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (KA, 12mg/kg) were recorded using a video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring system. Effects of RTG on KA-induced seizures of both strains of knock-in mice were assessed using seizure scores from a modified Racine's scale and compared with those of PB. The number and total duration of spike bursts on EEG and behaviors monitored by video recording were also used to evaluate the effects of RTG and PB. Both Kcnq2Y284C/+ and Kcnq2A306T/+ mice showed significantly more KA-induced seizures than WT mice. RTG significantly attenuated KA-induced seizure activities in both Kcnq2Y284C/+ and Kcnq2A306T/+ mice, and more markedly than PB. This is the first reported evidence of RTG ameliorating KA-induced seizures in knock-in mice bearing mutations of Kcnq2, with more marked effects than those observed with PB. RTG or other Kv7.2-channel openers may be considered as first-line antiepileptic treatments for epilepsies resulting from KCNQ2 mutations.
How Many Leads Are Necessary for a Reliable Reconstruction of Surface Potentials During Atrial Fibrillation? (2009)

In this study, we aimed at determining how many leads are necessary for accurately reconstructing ECG potentials during atrial fibrillation (AF) on the body surface. Although the standard ECG is appropriate for the detection of this arrhythmia, its accuracy for extracting other diagnostic features or constructing surface potential maps may not be optimal. We evaluated the suitability of the standard ECG in AF and proposed a new lead system for improving the information content of AF signals in limited lead systems. We made use of 64-lead body surface potential mapping recordings of 17 patients during AF and 18 healthy subjects. Lead selection was performed by making use of a lead selection algorithm proposed by Lux, and error curves were calculated for increasing number of selected leads for QRS complexes and P waves from healthy subjects and AF signals. From our results, at least 23 leads are needed in order to have the same degree of accuracy in the derivation of AF waves as the 12-lead ECG for a normal QRS complex (25% error). The 12-lead ECG allows a reconstruction of surface potentials with 53% error. If a limited lead set is to be chosen, a repositioning of only four electrodes from the standard ECG reduces reconstruction error in 11%. This repositioning of electrodes may include more right anterior electrodes and one posterior electrode.
Metal‐organic framework‐derived Fe/Cu‐substituted Co nanoparticles embedded in CNTs‐grafted carbon polyhedron for Zn‐air batteries (2020)

Abstract Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived materials have attracted great attention as alternatives to noble‐metal based electrocatalysts owing to their intriguing structure properties, especially for high efficiency and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we employed a one‐pot reaction to make a multimetal (Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) mixed zeolitic imidazolate framework (MM‐ZIF) via adopting a simple in situ redox reaction. Further pyrolysis of the target MM‐ZIF, a highly porous carbon polyhedron (FC‐C@NC) grafted with abundant carbon nanotubes was obtained, in which ultrasmall Co nanoparticles with partial lattice sites substituted by Fe and Cu were embedded. The obtained FC‐C@NC possessed large surface area, highly porous structure, widely‐spread metal active sites, and conductive carbon frameworks, contributing to outstanding ORR activity and long‐term stability. It displayed superior tolerance to methanol crossover and exceeded the commercial Pt/C catalyst and most previously reported non‐noble‐metal catalysts. Impressively, the as‐produced FC‐C@NC‐based zinc‐air battery afforded an open‐circuit potential of 1.466 V, a large specific capacity of 659.5 mAh/g, and a high gravimetric energy density of 784.3 Wh/kg Zn , significantly outperforming the Pt/C‐based cathode.
Celebrating Leeuwenhoek’s 375th birthday - What could his microscopes reveal? (2007)

Brian J Ford marked the anniversary of Leeuwenhoek's 375th birth with a an illustrated lecture at Cambridge University.Professor Ford showed many of the original images he had obtained, both with original microscopes and with modern replicas, reminding us of the power of a single lens in the right hands.Here he reminds modern microscopists of the images that could be obtained more than three centuries ago.
Pathogenesis and Classification of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: An Update (1995)

Primary central nervous system lymphoma has undergone a remarkable increase in incidence over the last decade, both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. Its clinicopathologic evaluation requires knowledge of current hematopathologic systems for lymphoma classification, as well as specific understanding of unique central nervous system determinants. In immunocompromised individuals, the tumor has a constant association with Epstein-Barr virus. The form of Epstein-Barr virus in these tumors appears to be predominantly latent, however, the precise mechanism relating virus to tumor pathogenesis is still unclear. In immunocompetent patients, risk factors and oncogenic associations are completely unknown. Critical to the formation of these tumors is the trafficking of B-cells, whether pre- or post-transformation, across the blood-brain barrier. These B-cell migrations may require perturbations to the barrier that originate in or around neural parenchyma, such as localized injury or infection.
Inhibitors of Mitogen‐Activated Protein KinasesDownregulate COX‐2 Expression in Human Chondrocytes (2005)

Inducible prostaglandin synthase (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) is expressed in rheumatoid and osteoarthritic cartilage and produces high amounts of proinflammatory prostanoids in the joint. In the present study we investigated the effects of the inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways Erk1/2, p38, and JNK on COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in human chondrocytes. Proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta caused a transient activation of Erk1/2, p38, and JNK in immortalized human T/C28a2 chondrocytes and that was followed by enhanced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. PD98059 (an inhibitor of Erk1/2 pathway) suppressed IL-1-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, and seemed to have an inhibitory effect on COX-2 activity. SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38 pathway) but not its negative control compound SB202474 inhibited COX-2 protein and mRNA expression and subsequent PGE2 synthesis at micromolar drug concentrations. SP600125 (a recently developed JNK inhibitor) but not its negative control compound N1-methyl-1,9-pyrazolanthrone downregulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation in a dose-dependent manner. SP600125 did not downregulate IL-1-induced COX-2 mRNA expression when measured 2 h after addition of IL-1beta but suppressed mRNA levels in the later time points suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest that activation of Erk1/2, p38, and JNK pathways belongs to the signaling cascades that mediate the upregulation of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in human chondrocytes exposed to proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta.
EXPLORING THE NUTRIENT POTENTIAL OF NYMPHAEA ALBA (WATER LILLY), FOR USE AS LIVESTOCK FEED (2015)

The study aimed at finding the nutrient composition of Nymphaea alba to help control the growth of the aquatic plant as it hinders the livelihoods of people who use the Banka dam for fishing and irrigation. The leaves, leaf stalks and flowers of  Nymphaea alba were sampled to  determine the crude protein, crude fibre, the nitrogen free extract, ether extract, total ash and some minerals. The study revealed that, the leaf stalks of the plant has significantly (P < 0.05) more ash ( 19.25 % - 20.59 %) than there is in the leaves and flowers with the leaves significantly (P < 0.05) richer in protein ( 20.91% - 25.40 %) . Fibre concentration was highest in leaf stalks ( 12.84 % - 15.14 %) with low levels of ether extracts (1.10 % to 3.82 %) in the entire plant. Nymphaea alba is rich in nitrogen free extract (53.09 % - 56.57 %) in all of its parts, thus the leaf stalks, leaves and flowers.  Potassium (1.56 % – 4.63 %) and sodium (1.97 % - 4.21 %) were the dominant minerals with calcium, zinc, iron and copper equally present in Nymphaea alba in all of its parts investigated. The respective levels of crude protein, fibre, nitrogen free extract, lipids, ash and minerals are adequate for use as feed for livestock. However, there is the need for studies on palatability and digestibility of the aquatic plant as these affect utilization by livestock. Keywords:  Nymphaea alba, crude fibre, crude protein, nitrogen free extract, mineral
Viscoelastic properties of room temperature ionic liquids (2008)

The sound absorption coefficient alpha and sound velocity nu(S) have been measured for 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Cn mim]PF(6), with n = 8,6,4 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4 mim]TFSI, at the frequencies of 11.3, 34.9, and 57.7 MHz in the temperature range from 293 to 393 K. From the obtained alpha and available viscosity data, [Cn mim]PF(6) with large n proves to be no longer Newtonian liquids at room temperatures. Applying a Maxwell viscoelastic model with the elastic modulus G of a spring and the shear coefficient gamma of a dashpot to the experimental frequency dependence of alpha, one finds that G is insensitive to n, while the relaxation time tau(= gamma/G), which is on the order of nanoseconds, does depend on n.
Multivariate statistical methods for the analysis of microscope image series: applications in materials science (1998)

Multivariate data sets are now produced in several types of microscopy. Multivariate statistical methods are necessary in order to extract the useful information contained in such (image or spectrum) series. In this review, linear and nonlinear multivariate methods are described and illustrated with examples related both to the segmentation of microanalytical maps and to the study of variability in the images of unit cells in high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Concerning linear multivariate statistical analysis, emphasis is put on the need to go beyond the classical orthogonal decomposition already routinely performed through principal components analysis or correspondence analysis. It is shown that oblique analysis is often necessary when quantitative results are expected. Concerning nonlinear multivariate analysis, several methods are first described for performing the mapping of data from a high‐dimensional space to a space of lower dimensionality. Then, automatic classification methods are described. These methods, which range from classical methods (hard and fuzzy C‐means) to neural networks through clustering methods which do not make assumptions concerning the shape of classes, can be used for multivariate image segmentation and image classification and averaging.
e-Game: a generic auction platform supporting customizable market games (2004)

This work presents the e-Game (electronic-generic auction marketplace) platform. e-Game is a configurable on-line auction server that supports both human and software agents. A wide range of auction types are currently supported by e-Game. These are parameterized in order to allow users to tailor-make auctions according to their own needs. The main feature of e-Game is that it supports the design, development and execution of market game scenarios involving auctions analogous to those of the trading agent competition (TAC) bv third parties. Such game scenarios can be used for conducting research on markets, mechanism design and strategies as well as for educational purposes.
Poly(cyclooctene)s with Pendant Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Metal Complexes (2007)

Abstract Poly(cyclooctene)s with pendant Alq 3 and fac ‐Ir(ppy) 3 were synthesized. Carbazole‐based comonomers were used to increase the solubility of the polymers and to transfer the energy into metal complexes. Excitation spectra of all polymers provided evidence of energy transfer. We established that the polymer backbone does not interfere with the optical properties of the metal complexes. All copolymers retained the optical properties of their small molecule metal complex analogs in solution and the solid state, making these polymers promising materials for potential electro‐optical applications. magnified image
Experimental comparison of heterodyne and direct detection for pulsed differential absorption CO_2 lidar (1983)

A pulsed dual-wavelength dual-CO2-laser differential-absorption lidar (DIAL) system has been developed which permits simultaneous heterodyne and direct detection of the same lidar returns. This system has been used to make an experimental comparison of the SNRs and statistical and temporal characteristics of the DIAL returns from several topographic targets. These results were found to be in general agreement with theory and were used to quantify the relative merits of the two detection techniques. The measured parameter values were applied to an analytical treatment to predict system trade-offs for the remote sensing of atmospheric species, with application to both path-averaged and range-resolved measurements.
INHIBITION OF RAT RENAL C-S LYASE: ASSESSMENT USING KIDNEY SLICE METHODOLOGY (1988)

Renal C-S lyase enzymes are implicated in the biotransformation of xenobiotics into potentially toxic metabolites by a deviation from the normal pathways of glutathione conjugate processing. C-S lyase enzymes occur in gastro-intestinal bacteria, and in liver as well as in mammalian and avian kidney. The renal enzyme cleaves the carbon-sulphur bond in cysteine conjugates derived from halogenated olefins (e.g. tetrafluoroethene, trichloroethene, and hexachlorobutadiene). Substituted S-nitrophenyl conjugates, which are analogues of a substrate for the hepatic C-S lyase enzyme (S-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-cysteine), are demonstrated to display significant inhibition of rat renal C-S lyase using kidney slice methodology. They are also shown to disrupt the tubular uptake of organic cations and anions.
PREAMPLIFYING CANTILEVERS FOR CONTACT RESONANCE MODE IMAGING (2008)

A novel preamplifying cantilever (PCL) design for scanning probe microscopes (SPM) that is capable of mechanically amplifying specimen movements is presented. The sample motions in both out-of-plane and in-plane directions are amplified by the PCL. The spatial resolution of the cantilever is in the nanometer scale and is comparable with existing SPM cantilevers. Some of the proposed applications are in the areas of ferroelectric domain imaging
Multivariate Generalizations of the Wald-Wolfowitz and Smirnov Two-Sample Tests (1979)

Multivariate generalizations of the Wald-Wolfowitz runs statistic and the Smirnov maximum deviation statistic for the two-sample problem are presented. They are based on the minimal spanning tree of the pooled sample points. Some null distribution results are derived and a simulation study of power is reported.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Multichannel EEG: CARTOOL (2011)

This paper describes methods to analyze the brain's electric fields recorded with multichannel Electroencephalogram (EEG) and demonstrates their implementation in the software CARTOOL. It focuses on the analysis of the spatial properties of these fields and on quantitative assessment of changes of field topographies across time, experimental conditions, or populations. Topographic analyses are advantageous because they are reference independents and thus render statistically unambiguous results. Neurophysiologically, differences in topography directly indicate changes in the configuration of the active neuronal sources in the brain. We describe global measures of field strength and field similarities, temporal segmentation based on topographic variations, topographic analysis in the frequency domain, topographic statistical analysis, and source imaging based on distributed inverse solutions. All analysis methods are implemented in a freely available academic software package called CARTOOL. Besides providing these analysis tools, CARTOOL is particularly designed to visualize the data and the analysis results using 3-dimensional display routines that allow rapid manipulation and animation of 3D images. CARTOOL therefore is a helpful tool for researchers as well as for clinicians to interpret multichannel EEG and evoked potentials in a global, comprehensive, and unambiguous way.
Broadband access using wireless over fibre systems (2005)

Optical fibre provides a future-proof method for distributing broadband wireless signals in such formats as IEEE 802.11 and 802.16. This paper reviews technologies for this application ranging from currently deployed narrowband cellular systems to future millimetre-wave systems.
A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for adiponectin levels in East Asians identifies a novel locus near WDR11-FGFR2 (2013)

Blood levels of adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein correlated with metabolic and cardiovascular risks, are highly heritable. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies for adiponectin levels have identified 14 loci harboring variants associated with blood levels of adiponectin. To identify novel adiponectin-associated loci, particularly those of importance in East Asians, we conducted a meta-analysis of GWA studies for adiponectin in 7827 individuals, followed by two stages of replications in 4298 and 5954 additional individuals. We identified a novel adiponectin-associated locus on chromosome 10 near WDR11-FGFR2 (P = 3.0 × 10(-14)) and provided suggestive evidence for a locus on chromosome 12 near OR8S1-LALBA (P = 1.2 × 10(-7)). Of the adiponectin-associated loci previously described, we confirmed the association at CDH13 (P = 6.8 × 10(-165)), ADIPOQ (P = 1.8 × 10(-22)), PEPD (P = 3.6 × 10(-12)), CMIP (P = 2.1 × 10(-10)), ZNF664 (P = 2.3 × 10(-7)) and GPR109A (P = 7.4 × 10(-6)). Conditional analysis at ADIPOQ revealed a second signal with suggestive evidence of association only after conditioning on the lead SNP (Pinitial = 0.020; Pconditional = 7.0 × 10(-7)). We further confirmed the independence of two pairs of closely located loci (<2 Mb) on chromosome 16 at CMIP and CDH13, and on chromosome 12 at GPR109A and ZNF664. In addition, the newly identified signal near WDR11-FGFR2 exhibited evidence of association with triglycerides (P = 3.3 × 10(-4)), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, P = 4.9 × 10(-4)) and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted waist-hip ratio (P = 9.8 × 10(-3)). These findings improve our knowledge of the genetic basis of adiponectin variation, demonstrate the shared allelic architecture for adiponectin with lipids and central obesity and motivate further studies of underlying mechanisms.