gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging the breast with EIS: an initial study of exam consistency (2002)

Use of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to image the breasts of women with both normal and abnormal conditions requires the ability to deliver a consistent and repeatable exam. To investigate the degree to which our current imaging system can meet this requirement we conducted an initial study of exam consistency. The trial involved the imaging of 25 breasts stratified into four separate substudies with increasing levels of electrode placement uncertainty. The degree of complexity ranged from single-placement single-session imaging to multiple-placement single-session imaging to multiple-placement multiple-session imaging. Both visual analysis and quantitative comparisons using mean squared difference (MSD) measures between pairs of permittivity and conductivity images were performed. A new breast interface with the improved vertical and radial electrode array positioning capability required to complete this study is described. Not surprisingly, the results show a dominant trend of increased image variability with increased electrode placement uncertainty. Importantly, quantitative levels of image consistency are reported through MSD analysis. On average across all frequencies analysed, MSDs for single placements are well below 1%, near 2-3% for repositioned breasts during the same session and approximately 15% for re-examined breasts in multiple sessions conducted over time. Overall, these results suggest that EIS breast exams are consistent provided the electrode placement is well controlled, typically with better than 1 cm accuracy.
Enzyme Inhibitors and Activators (2017)

Over the recent years, medicinal chemistry has become responsible for explaining interactions of chemical molecule processes such that many scientists in the life sciences from agronomy to medicine are engaged in medicinal research. This book contains an overview focusing on the research area of enzyme inhibitor and activator, enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation, usage of microbial enzymes, enzymes associated with programmed cell death, natural products as potential enzyme inhibitors, protease inhibitors from plants in insect pest management, peptidases, and renin-angiotensin system. The book provides an overview on basic issues and some of the recent developments in medicinal science and technology. Especially, emphasis is devoted to both experimental and theoretical aspect of modern medicine. The primary target audience for the book includes students, researchers, chemists, molecular biologists, medical doctors, pharmacologists, and professionals who are interested in associated areas. The textbook is written by international scientists with expertise in biochemistry, enzymology, molecular biology, and genetics, many of which are active in biochemical and pharmacological research. I would like to acknowledge the authors for their contribution to the book. We hope that the textbook will enhance the knowledge of scientists in the complexities of some medical approaches; it will stimulate both professionals and students to dedicate part of their future research in understanding relevant mechanisms and applications of pharmacology.
(Aryloxy)alkylamines as Selective Human Dopamine D<sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonists:  Potential Antipsychotic Agents (1997)

The discovery of a series of novel (aryloxy)alkylamines with selective affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor is described. Target compounds were tested for binding to cloned human dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptor subtypes expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K-1 cells. A number of compounds demonstrated subnanomolar Ki values for binding to the D4 receptor, with several 100-fold selectivities toward the D2 and D3 receptors. Several compounds with combined D3/D4 receptor binding selectivity were also identified. A limited structure-activity relationship study of this chemical series is discussed. In a mitogenesis functional assay, the effect of the test compounds on cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine in D4-transfected CHO 10,001 cells was measured and compared to the response of the full dopamine agonist quinpirole. The activity of the compounds varied from full antagonist to weak partial agonist activity (intrinsic activity of 0-19% in comparison to quinpirole).
Air filtration: Perfect air filtering for gas turbines (2007)

Paul Sennett from SPX looks at how engineers should optimise the filtering of air for their gas turbines – through improved pressure drop, regular cleaning and maintenance, and by taking a consultative approach – ensuring that all environmental factors are taken into account before a filter is specified.
Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract in THP‐1 Cells Exposed to Particulate Matter PM10 (2016)

Epidemiological and experimental evidence support health risks associated with the exposure to airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μM (PM10). PM10 stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators. Thus, we assumed that natural antioxidants might provide health benefits attenuating hazardous effects of PM10. In the present study, we examined the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on THP-1 monocytic cells exposed to PM10. PM10 induced cytotoxicity and the production of ROS. It also increased the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cell adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). PPE at 10-100 μg mL(-1) attenuated the production of ROS and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1, in THP-1 cells stimulated by PM10 (100 μg mL(-1)). PPE also attenuated the adhesion of PM10-stimulated THP-1 cells to EA.hy926 endothelial cells. PPE constituents, punicalagin and ellagic acid, attenuated PM10-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and punicalagin was less cytotoxic compared to ellagic acid. The present study suggests that PPE and punicalagin may be useful in alleviating inflammatory reactions due to particulate matter.
Comparison of Various Gridding Methods (1999)

A comparison of various gridding procedures is carried out using a model gravity field. This model is produced by a causative body of 64 rectangular prisms, for which exact field values can be calculated everywhere. The following methods were used in the comparisons: kriging, linear interpolation along the shortest chord, least squares approximation with normal vector, surface fitting under tension, Franke’s local thin plate spline, least squares collocation, collocation with empirical covariance function and interpolation of scattered data by Franke’s weights. Two different input data sets, consisting of 800 and 480 randomly distributed points were used in the tests. For each method, computed values on a 4 km grid (676 points) were generated for comparisons. The results of the investigations show that simple numbers such as presented in the tables are not sufficient for critical comparison of the various gridding algorithms but contour maps of output are needed.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT7 gene encodes a very acidic protein important for transcription in vivo. (1995)

Mutations in the SPT7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae originally were identified as suppressors of Ty and delta insertion mutations in the 5' regions of the HIS4 and LYS2 genes. Other genes that have been identified in mutant hunts of this type have been shown to play a role in transcription. In this work we show that SPT7 is also important for proper transcription in vivo. We have cloned and sequenced the SPT7 gene and have shown that it encodes a large, acidic protein that is localized to the nucleus. The SPT7 protein contains a bromodomain sequence; a deletion that removes the bromodomain from the SPT7 protein causes no detectable mutant phenotype. Strains that contain an spt7 null mutation are viable but grow very slowly and have transcriptional defects at many loci including insertion mutations, Ty elements, the INO1 gene and the MFA1 gene. These transcriptional defects and other mutant phenotypes are similar to those caused by certain mutations in SPT15, which encodes the TATA binding protein (TBP). The similarity of the phenotypes of spt7 and spt15 mutants, including effects of spt7 mutations on the transcription start site of certain genes, suggests that SPT7 plays an important role in transcription initiation in vivo.
Dopamine Receptors in the Brain (1975)

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A comparison between bipolar transistor and nanowire field effect transistor biosensors (2015)

Important performance metrics, such as sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of bipolar transistor based biosensors, are compared to those for nanowire field effect transistor (FET) sensors. The sensor consists of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with silicon germanium base connected to a sensing surface in contact with the solution. The measured sensitivity is ≥2 times and SNR is &gt;20 times higher in comparison to those for nanowire FET sensors. More importantly, the HBT biosensor sensitivity is constant over the sensing range of ∼5 decades and depends only on the temperature. In comparison, the nanowire FET sensor sensitivity varies in a complex manner over the sensing range and exhibits significant fabrication induced sensor to sensor variations. Consequently, HBT sensors would require minimal calibration for quantitative sensing studies. Furthermore, the bipolar transistor SNR is not only significantly higher but is also constant over the sensing range. In comparison, the nanowire FET sensor SNR varies with the peak value confined over a narrow sensing range. Hence, HBT sensor has &lt;20 times lower detection limit that remains constant over the sensing range. In summary, HBT sensors are demonstrated to have superior performance metrics and are better suited for quantitative studies. Lastly, these HBT sensors also provide simultaneous temperature measurement.
Semantics of paragraphs (1991)

We present a computational theory of the paragraph. Within it we formally define coherence, give semantics to the adversative conjunction &amp;quot;but &amp;quot; and to the Gricean maxim of quantity, and present some new methods for anaphora resolution. The theory precisely characterizes the relationship between the content of the paragraph and background knowledge needed for its understanding. This is achieved by introducing a new type of logical theory consisting of an object level, corresponding to the content of the paragraph, a referential level, which is a new logical level encoding background knowledge, and a metalevel containing constraints on models of discourse (e.g. a formal version of Gricean maxims). We propose also specific mechanisms of interaction between these levels, resembling both classical provability and abduction. Paragraphs are then represented by a class of structures called p-models. 1.
Rac and Cdc42 Are Potent Stimulators of E2F-dependent Transcription Capable of Promoting Retinoblastoma Susceptibility Gene Product Hyperphosphorylation (1998)

The Rho family of GTPases plays an important and diverse role in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional regulation, and multiple aspects of cell growth. Our study has examined their potential links to the cell cycle machinery. We find that constitutively active mutants of Rac and Cdc42, but not Rho, are potent inducers of E2F transcriptional activity in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Furthermore, activated Rac and Cdc42, but again not Rho, are capable of inducing cyclin D1 accumulation and pRB hyperphosphorylation in serum-deprived cells, outlining one route leading to enhanced E2F-mediated transcription. The inhibitory effect of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16(ink4), p21(cip1), and p27(cip) on Rac/Cdc42-mediated E2F transcription corroborates a role for pRB family members and their functional inactivation by cyclin-dependent kinases in generating E2F activity. While the up-regulation of E2F transcriptional activity by Rac or Cdc42, not Rho, suffices for entry into S phase and DNA synthesis in Rat-1 R12 cells, this is clearly not the case in NIH 3T3, where additional requirements must exist.
Magnetometers using two amorphous core muitivibrator bridge (1983)

Accurate and quick-response type magnetometers are presented using two-amorphous-core multivibrator bridge with a dc output. As-prepared zero-magnetostrictive amorphous ribbons of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.7</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">70.3</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> with 1 mm width are used in straight form for sensing of absolute value of fields or field difference. In these two-core type magnetometers, sensitivity is about eight times that of one-core type magnetometers and the minimum detectable field is about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> Oe. Temperature stability and flux change stability are high due to that the flux reversals occur in mainly rotational magnetization regions, in which Barkhausen noises and iron losses are low and aging of flux changes is very small. The maximum frequency or cut-off frequency of detected sinusoidal fields is as high as about 4 kHz which is about four times that in Supermalloy core flux gate magnetometers. The two-core type magnetometers are useful for applications to non-contact type dc and ac current sensors, motor leakage flux sensors, and dynamic displacement sensors for medical electronics, because that only effective field signals are accurately detected by cancelling uniform magnetic disturbances in the two cores.
Surface ultrastructure of tissues occluding ventricular catheters (1978)

Specimens of material occluding ventricular catheters removed at shunt revision operations were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Immediate fixation allowed examination of human choroid plexus and ependyma which resembled living tissue.
A Technology For Optical Interconnections Based On Multichip Integration (1986)

Concepts for optical interconnects between electronic circuits and systems based on multichip integration, a new form of hybrid integration, are presented. In this integration scheme, chips of different substrate types, such as Si and GaAs, are embedded in a potting material and connected with photolithographically defined metallizations to form a multichip. Within a multichip, the interconnection scheme would retain the high packing density and the minimal number of packaging operations achievable with monolithic integration and still permit the individual optimization of material types and device designs to perform electronic and optical functions. Also, the elimination of large bonding pads on the component chips within a multichip will alleviate the pinout problem of complex integrated circuits at the chip level by allowing the pitch between input/output lines to be decreased. Multiplex-ing many slow lines with fast GaAs multiplexers can alleviate the same problem at the multichip level. Off-chip connections between multichips can be made either electrically or optically. Optical interconnections would have low crosstalk. Preliminary results with an epoxy potting material show that continuous lines can be photolithographically patterned from the chip to the epoxy. Tests with a discrete breadboard demonstrate that fast edge transitions can be retained with a diode laser driven directly by a commercial GaAs digital circuit at rates of 1.4 GHz.
Solubilities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in physical solvents (1992)

Abstract Solubilities expressed by Henry's law constants for carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in four physical solvents (propylene carbonate, N‐formyl morpholine, Selexol, and methyl cyanoacetate) have been measured at several temperatures ranging from 25°C to 70°C, using gas‐liquid chromatography. Thermodynamic properties including enthalpies and entropies of solution have been derived from the solubility data.
Complete nucleotide sequence of full length cDNA for rat α cardiac myosin hea chain (1989)

Journal Article Complete nucleotide sequence of full length cDNA for rat α cardiac myosin hea chain Get access Elizabeth M. McNally, Elizabeth M. McNally Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katherine M. Gianola, Katherine M. Gianola Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie A. Leinwand Leslie A. Leinwand Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 18, 25 September 1989, Pages 7527–7528, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.18.7527 Published: 25 September 1989 Article history Received: 02 August 1989 Published: 25 September 1989
Computational Methods for Sparse Solution of Linear Inverse Problems (2010)

The goal of the sparse approximation problem is to approximate a target signal using a linear combination of a few elementary signals drawn from a fixed collection. This paper surveys the major practical algorithms for sparse approximation. Specific attention is paid to computational issues, to the circumstances in which individual methods tend to perform well, and to the theoretical guarantees available. Many fundamental questions in electrical engineering, statistics, and applied mathematics can be posed as sparse approximation problems, making these algorithms versatile and relevant to a plethora of applications.
Size Classification of Carbon Fiber Aerosols (1993)

This report describes an experimental study to classify fiberlike particles by length based on their electrical properties.Carbon fibers with monodisperse diameters and polydisperse lengths were passed through a unipolar charger.The charged fibers were then segregated in an electrical mobility analyzer based on their mobilities.They were collected on Mylar segments, which were placed at different precipitating lengths on a central rod of the analyzer.The results showed that carbon fibers with a narrow length range attached themselves to many of the Mylar segments on the rod, demonstrating the fibers with monodisperse lengths can be classified by using this technique.In addition, the results indicated that the longer the precipitating length of the segment, the shorter the length of the --fibers collected.The effects of flow rate, charging time, and analyzer voltage on fiber classification were also investigated.The results showed that, at a fixed precipitating length, the longer fibers were collected under a higher flow rate or a lower analyzer voltage.However, no effect of charging time was observed.Further analysis illustrated that all data obtained from the various operating conditions could be consolidated by a function relating electrical mobility to fiber length.This relationship was then used to estimate the charge distribution of carbon fibers in a unipolar charging mechanism.Based on our results, the number of charges on a carbon fiber increases monotonically with the aspect ratio of the fiber.
Design and evaluation of a unique SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assay for quantification of five major cytokines in cattle, sheep and goats (2015)

We have developed a novel RT-qPCR assay for the simultaneous relative quantification of five major cytokines in cattle, sheep and goats, and their accurate normalization by five reference genes. This accurate and easily reproducible tool can be used to investigate ruminant immune responses and is widely accessible to the veterinary research community.
Adenoviral Vector DNA- and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccines: Possible Integration into the Human Genome - Are Adenoviral Genes Expressed in Vector-based Vaccines? (2021)

Vigorous vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2-causing Covid-19 are the major chance to fight this dreadful pandemic. The currently administered vaccines depend on adenovirus DNA vectors or on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA that might become reverse transcribed into DNA, however infrequently. In some societies, people have become sensitized against the potential short- or long-term side effects of foreign DNA being injected into humans. In my laboratory, the fate of foreign DNA in mammalian (human) cells and organisms has been investigated for many years. In this review, a summary of the results obtained will be presented. This synopsis has been put in the evolutionary context of retrotransposon insertions into pre-human genomes millions of years ago. In addition, studies on adenovirus vector-based DNA, on the fate of food-ingested DNA as well as the long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA/DNA will be described. Actual integration of viral DNA molecules and of adenovirus vector DNA will likely be chance events whose frequency and epigenetic consequences cannot with certainty be assessed. The review also addresses problems of remaining adenoviral gene expression in adenoviral-based vectors and their role in side effects of vaccines. Eventually, it will come down to weighing the possible risks of genomic insertions of vaccine-associated foreign DNA and unknown levels of vector-carried adenoviral gene expression versus protection against the dangers of Covid-19. A decision in favor of vaccination against life-threatening disease appears prudent. Informing the public about the complexities of biology will be a reliable guide when having to reach personal decisions about vaccinations.
Radiance Amplification by a Fluorescence Radiation Converter (1969)

Radiance amplification has been demonstrated in a two-stage fluorescence radiation converter consisting of fluorescent acrylic glasses and suitably attached reflectors. The experimental results are in agreement with the theory for such systems. Internal absorption of the fluorescence radiation reduces the radiance amplification considerably. Fluorescence converter systems seem to offer some advantages in the detection of diffuse, nondirectional quantum and particle radiation and for the application of small semiconductor detectors with high sensitivity in the long-wavelength region of the visible spectrum.
Critical evaluation of the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarray for whole-genome DNA methylation profiling (2016)

The EPIC array is a significant improvement over the HM450 array, with increased genome coverage of regulatory regions and high reproducibility and reliability, providing a valuable tool for high-throughput human methylome analyses from diverse clinical samples.
OVX1, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and CA-125-II as tumor markers for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (2001)

The sensitivity of a combination of three serum markers was significantly greater than the sensitivity of the CA-125-II assay alone in patients with primary ovarian epithelial tumors of different histotypes. This was true for all stages, including early-stage, potentially curable disease. When used as single markers, however, only the CA-125-II assay could distinguish invasive Stage I tumors from apparently healthy women.