gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas turbine fuel from low-rank coal (1986)

Five low-rank coals from the western United States were cleaned in a bench-scale heavy media separation procedures followed by acid leaching and hydrothermal processing. The objective of these cleaning steps was to determine the amenability of preparing gas turbine quality fuel from low-rank coal. The best candidate for scale-up was determined to be a Wyoming subbituminous coal from the eagle Butte mine. Two hundred thirty kilograms of cleaned and micronized coal/water fuel were prepared in pilot-scale equipment to determine process parameters and fuel characteristics. After establishing operating conditions, two thousand kilograms of cleaned and micronized coal/water and powdered coal fuel were produced for testing in a pilot-scale gas turbine combustor. An economic analysis was completed for a commercial-scale plant designed to produce clean gas turbine fuel from low-rank coal using the most promising process steps identified form the bench- and pilot-scale studies. 21 refs., 12 figs., 20 tabs.
Proximity effect in solid and hollow round conductors (1941)

A new formula is developed for the proximity effect in single-phase systems of solid and hollow round conductors to replace the two formulae developed by the author and published in 1935 and 1936 respectively.Two independent formulae for the cases of solid and hollow conductors are replaced by a single formula for hollow conductors, including the solid conductor as a particular case. The new formula is simpler and can be evaluated numerically in a shorter time. It is more accurate and is valid for all possible values of the independent variables. The earlier solid-conductor formula failed for certain ranges of the independent variables. Improved formulae are also given for 3-phase systems.The discrepancies between values calculated by the new formulae and values obtained from experimental measurements are little, if any, greater than possible experimental errors.
Effects of fat adaptation and carbohydrate restoration on prolonged endurance exercise (2001)

We determined the effect of fat adaptation on metabolism and performance during 5 h of cycling in seven competitive athletes who consumed a standard carbohydrate (CHO) diet for 1 day and then either a high-CHO diet (11 g. kg(-1)x day(-1) CHO, 1 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) fat; HCHO) or an isoenergetic high-fat diet (2.6 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) CHO, 4.6 g x kg(-1) x day(-1) fat; fat-adapt) for 6 days. On day 8, subjects consumed a high-CHO diet and rested. On day 9, subjects consumed a preexercise meal and then cycled for 4 h at 65% peak O(2) uptake, followed by a 1-h time trial (TT). Compared with baseline, 6 days of fat-adapt reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with cycling at 65% peak O(2) uptake [0.78 +/- 0.01 (SE) vs. 0.85 +/- 0.02; P < 0.05]. However, RER was restored by 1 day of high-CHO diet, preexercise meal, and CHO ingestion (0.88 +/- 0.01; P < 0.05). RER was higher after HCHO than fat-adapt (0.85 +/- 0.01, 0.89 +/- 0.01, and 0.93 +/- 0.01 for days 2, 8, and 9, respectively; P < 0.05). Fat oxidation during the 4-h ride was greater (171 +/- 32 vs. 119 +/- 38 g; P < 0.05) and CHO oxidation lower (597 +/- 41 vs. 719 +/- 46 g; P < 0.05) after fat-adapt. Power output was 11% higher during the TT after fat-adapt than after HCHO (312 +/- 15 vs. 279 +/- 20 W; P = 0.11). In conclusion, compared with a high-CHO diet, fat oxidation during exercise increased after fat-adapt and remained elevated above baseline even after 1 day of a high-CHO diet and increased CHO availability. However, this study failed to detect a significant benefit of fat adaptation to performance of a 1-h TT undertaken after 4 h of cycling.
Striatal dysregulation of Cdk5 alters locomotor responses to cocaine, motor learning, and dendritic morphology (2008)

Motor learning and neuro-adaptations to drugs of abuse rely upon neuronal signaling in the striatum. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) regulates striatal dopamine neurotransmission and behavioral responses to cocaine. Although the role for Cdk5 in neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus and in hippocampal-dependent learning has been demonstrated, its dysregulation in the striatum has not been examined. Here we show that strong activation of striatal NMDA receptors produced p25, the truncated form of the Cdk5 co-activator p35. Furthermore, inducible overexpression of p25 in the striatum prevented locomotor sensitization to cocaine and attenuated motor coordination and learning. This corresponded with reduced dendritic spine density, increased neuro-inflammation, altered dopamine signaling, and shifted Cdk5 specificity with regard to physiological and aberrant substrates, but no apparent loss of striatal neurons. Thus, dysregulation of Cdk5 dramatically affects striatal-dependent brain function and may be relevant to non-neurodegenerative disorders involving dopamine neurotransmission.
Pevonedistat (<scp>MLN</scp>4924), a First‐in‐Class <scp>NEDD</scp>8‐activating enzyme inhibitor, in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: a phase 1 study (2015)

This trial was conducted to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the first in class NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, pevonedistat, and to investigate pevonedistat pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Pevonedistat was administered via a 60-min intravenous infusion on days 1, 3 and 5 (schedule A, n = 27), or days 1, 4, 8 and 11 (schedule B, n = 26) every 21-days. Dose escalation proceeded using a standard '3 + 3' design. Responses were assessed according to published guidelines. The MTD for schedules A and B were 59 and 83 mg/m(2) , respectively. On schedule A, hepatotoxicity was dose limiting. Multi-organ failure (MOF) was dose limiting on schedule B. The overall complete (CR) and partial (PR) response rate in patients treated at or below the MTD was 17% (4/23, 2 CRs, 2 PRs) for schedule A and 10% (2/19, 2 PRs) for schedule B. Pevonedistat plasma concentrations peaked after infusion followed by elimination in a biphasic pattern. Pharmacodynamic studies of biological correlates of NAE inhibition demonstrated target-specific activity of pevonedistat. In conclusion, administration of the first-in-class agent, pevonedistat, was feasible in patients with MDS and AML and modest clinical activity was observed.
Quantum theory of degenerate four-wave mixing and Raman scattering in fibers (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Japan's Tosoh Maps Expansion via Acquisitions, New Businesses (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTJapan's Tosoh Maps Expansion via Acquisitions, New BusinessesIntegration in petrochemicals, emphasis on specialties, and overseas business moves will lift Arm into top 10 list of Japanese chemical companiesEARL V. ANDERSONView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 38, 13–15Publication Date (Print):September 17, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 17 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n038.p013https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n038.p013newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Petrochemicals,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation state of protamines 1 and 2 in human spermatids and spermatozoa (1987)

The basic nuclear proteins of a fraction of elongating spermatids from human testes and of a fraction of motile spermatozoa from the ejaculate, separated by ion-exchange chromatography, were compared. Analysis by acetic acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that, in both fractions, four proteins of lower mobility were coeluted with protamine 1 by 23% guanidinium chloride (GuCl) while protamine 2 alone was eluted by 50% GuCl. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase identified those four proteins as phosphorylated protamines, and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) treatment of the dephosphorylated protamines distinguished them as variants of protamine 2 and not of protamine 1. Thus far, phosphorylated forms of protamine 1 have not been detected in either spermatids or spermatozoa. Those observations indicate that protamine 2 functions in the cycle of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, which is essential to the process of sperm chromatin condensation, while the role of protamine 1 in human spermiogenesis is not yet defined. The presence of phosphorylated protamine in motile, presumably mature spermatozoa appears to be characteristic of human sperm but not of the sperm of other mammals and is probably the basis for the heterogeneity of chromatin condensation frequently observed in human spermatozoa.
An adenosine nucleoside inhibitor of dengue virus (2009)

Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a major public health threat. The virus poses risk to 2.5 billion people worldwide and causes 50 to 100 million human infections each year. Neither a vaccine nor an antiviral therapy is currently available for prevention and treatment of DENV infection. Here, we report a previously undescribed adenosine analog, NITD008, that potently inhibits DENV both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the 4 serotypes of DENV, NITD008 inhibits other flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Powassan virus. The compound also suppresses hepatitis C virus, but it does not inhibit nonflaviviruses, such as Western equine encephalitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus. A triphosphate form of NITD008 directly inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of DENV, indicating that the compound functions as a chain terminator during viral RNA synthesis. NITD008 has good in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and is biologically available through oral administration. Treatment of DENV-infected mice with NITD008 suppressed peak viremia, reduced cytokine elevation, and completely prevented the infected mice from death. No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was achieved when rats were orally dosed with NITD008 at 50 mg/kg daily for 1 week. However, NOAEL could not be accomplished when rats and dogs were dosed daily for 2 weeks. Nevertheless, our results have proved the concept that a nucleoside inhibitor could be developed for potential treatment of flavivirus infections.
Condensation Products of Ketene with Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation Products of Ketene with Ketones1B. H. Gwynn and Ed. F. DegeringCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 9, 2216–2218Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01261a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01261a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dehumidification of Moist Air with Simultaneous Removal of Selected Indoor Pollutants by Triethylene Glycol Solutions in a Packed-Bed Absorber (1995)

Abstract A packed bed absorber-stripper system was used to remove selected indoor pollutants during the dehumidification of air by triethylene glycol solutions. Triethylene glycol concentrations of 90% and 95% by weight in water were used. Both random and structured packings were employed to provide the contact surface between the liquid and gas phases. A six-inch I. D. absorption column was operated between 50% and 80% of flooding conditions. The heights of a transfer unit for mass transfer for randomly packed 5/8-inch polypropylene Flexi rings and 1/2-inch ceramic Intalox saddles varied from 0.12 m to 0.17 m when dehumidifying air only. However, the height of a transfer unit was in the range of 0.31 m to 0.40 m for the cross corrugated cellulose and PVC structured packings. Heat and mass transfer coefficients were also calculated from the experimental data and were correlated with various process variables. The values predicted by these correlations were within ±10% of the experimental data. Pollutants used in the study included formaldehyde, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon dioxide, and their concentrations in the air were controlled to 0.02 ± 0.005 ppm, 3 ± 0.02 ppm, 24 ± 0.1 ppm, and 1000 ± 5 ppm, respectively. Although nearly 100% of the toluene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were removed by the 95% triethylene glycol solution, only 56% of the carbon dioxide and 30% of the formaldehyde could be removed from the air stream under similar conditions. As expected, the removal of these pollutants by the triethylene glycol solution was not affected by varying the relative humidity of the air.
Transport of Bifunctional Proteins Across Respiratory Epithelial Cells via the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (2000)

Neutrophil elastase (NE) contributes to progression of the lung disease characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF). We developed a strategy that permits the delivery of alpha(1)-antitrypsin (alpha(1)-AT) to inaccessible CF airways by targeting the respiratory epithelium via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). A fusion protein consisting of a single-chain Fv directed against human secretory component (SC) and linked to human alpha(1)-AT was effectively transported in a basolateral-to-apical direction across in vitro model systems of polarized respiratory epithelium consisting of 16HBEo cells transfected with human pIgR complementary DNA, which overexpress the receptor, and human respiratory epithelial cells grown in primary culture at an air-liquid interface. When applied to the basolateral surface, the anti-SC Fv/alpha(1)-AT fusion protein penetrated the respiratory epithelia, with transcytosis of the fusion protein being related to the amount of SC detected at the apical surface. Significantly less fusion protein crossed the cells in the opposite direction. In addition, because the antihuman SC Fv/alpha(1)-AT fusion protein was transported vectorially and deposited into the small volume of apical surface fluid, the antiprotease component of this protein was concentrated atop the epithelium. Thus, in cell models, this system is capable of concentrating the antiprotease of the fusion protein, in the thin film of epithelial surface fluid to a level expected to be therapeutic in the airways of many patients with CF.
Diffractive optics for soft x-rays (1993)

The manufacture of computer-generated diffractive optical elements that focus the near IR laser radiation into the predetermined area of focal plane is described. The results of testing of the fabricated optical elements are presented.
BRCA1-deficient mammary tumor cells are dependent on EZH2 expression and sensitive to Polycomb Repressive Complex 2-inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin A (2009)

We demonstrate by specific knock-down experiments that EZH2 overexpression is functionally relevant in BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells. The effectiveness of a small molecule inhibitor indicates that EZH2 is a druggable target. The overexpression of EZH2 in all basal-like breast cancers warrants further investigation of the potential for targeting the genetic make-up of this particular breast cancer type.
Specific parasitism of purified vaginal epithelial cells by Trichomonas vaginalis (1988)

Human vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) from vaginal swabs obtained from normal women or from patients with trichomoniasis were purified, and VEC parasitism by Trichomonas vaginalis was examined. Trichomonads bound equally well to live or dead VECs, and up to 20% of VECs were parasitized. Trichomonal cytadherence of human VECs was time, temperature, and pH dependent. Saturation binding levels of live trichomonads to VECs gave approximately 2 organisms adherent to parasitized VEC. No differences in cytadherence levels were detected by different isolates to VECs from the same patient compared with adherence to VECs from normal individuals. Trypsinized, live T. vaginalis organisms failed to recognize VECs. A ligand assay identified four adhesin candidates, and only organisms without a prominent immunogen on the surface (negative phenotype) cytadhered to VECs and synthesized the adhesins, confirming the results of a recently published report by us on adherence to HeLa cell monolayers (J. F. Alderete and G. E. Garza, Infect. Immun. 56:28-33, 1988). These data show the ability of T. vaginalis to parasitize human vaginal epithelial cells in a specific receptor-ligand manner.
Bioactive Marine Alkaloids (2000)

The structures, origins, biogenesis, synthesis and bioactivity of a selection of N-heterocyclic marine alkaloids are reviewed. The emphasis is on compounds poised as potential anticancer drugs: lamellarins (pyrroles), cephalostatins/ritterazines (pyrazines) and ecteinascidins (isoquinolines). Also discussed are examples of bioactive marine alkaloids that have emerged as novel leads. These include manzamines (β-carbolines), variolins (pyridopyrrolopyrimidines) and the pyrroloquinoline family. This review emphasises the role of marine alkaloids as an important source of leads for drug discovery.
Mujer de 79 años con erupción en manos y cara (2005)

Kyowa Hakko is developing KW-6002, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) [183211]. The company subsequently began evaluating the compound for depression, and in June 2000 initiated a phase II trial for this indication. Good results have been obtained in a preclinical depression model and Kyowa Hakko hopes that KW-6002 will be representative of a new class of antidepressants [376107]. KW-6002 is undergoing phase II trials for PD in Japan [343257] and in Europe, including the UK 1271929], [321641], [402754]. As expected, KW-6002 entered phase II trials for PD in the US in October 1999 [321640], [342643], [360980], [402754]. The drug is of particular interest due to the absence of the involuntary movement adverse effects characteristic of L-DOPA therapy [271929]. Roche was to codevelop KW-6002 with Kyowa in the US and Europe, but withdrew from the development of this drug in April 1999 [321640]. Kyowa will continue with the drug's development in the US [321640]. NDAs are estimated to be filed around the end of 2001 and the drug is expected to be launched in Western Europe during 2002. An NDA is expected to be filed in Japan approximately three to four years later than in Western Europe [271929].
Critical Role of Flanking Residues in NGR-to-isoDGR Transition and CD13/Integrin Receptor Switching (2010)

Various NGR-containing peptides have been exploited for targeted delivery of drugs to CD13-positive tumor neovasculature. Recent studies have shown that compounds containing this motif can rapidly deamidate and generate isoaspartate-glycine-arginine (isoDGR), a ligand of alphavbeta3-integrin that can be also exploited for drug delivery to tumors. We have investigated the role of NGR and isoDGR peptide scaffolds on their biochemical and biological properties. Peptides containing the cyclic CNGRC sequence could bind CD13-positive endothelial cells more efficiently than those containing linear GNGRG. Peptide degradation studies showed that cyclic peptides mostly undergo NGR-to-isoDGR transition and CD13/integrin switching, whereas linear peptides mainly undergo degradation reactions involving the alpha-amino group, which generate non-functional six/seven-membered ring compounds, unable to bind alphavbeta3, and small amount of isoDGR. Structure-activity studies showed that cyclic isoDGR could bind alphavbeta3 with an affinity >100-fold higher than that of linear isoDGR and inhibited endothelial cell adhesion and tumor growth more efficiently. Cyclic isoDGR could also bind other integrins (alphavbeta5, alphavbeta6, alphavbeta8, and alpha5beta1), although with 10-100-fold lower affinity. Peptide linearization caused loss of affinity for all integrins and loss of specificity, whereas alpha-amino group acetylation increased the affinity for all tested integrins, but caused loss of specificity. These results highlight the critical role of molecular scaffold on the biological properties of NGR/isoDGR peptides. These findings may have important implications for the design and development of anticancer drugs or tumor neovasculature-imaging compounds, and for the potential function of different NGR/isoDGR sites in natural proteins.
MRI reconstruction from truncated data using a complex domain backpropagation neural network (2002)

We propose a new data (extrapolation) modeling approach for reconstructing truncated magnetic resonance (MR) data. In our method, available low-frequency MR data are used to train a complex domain backpropagation neural network. This network is used to extrapolate the MR data and recover the missing high-frequency components. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with a comparison to an existing real-valued neural network based method. Better results are obtained with the new approach because the complex-valued network makes use of the correlated information in the complex data instead of treating the data as separate real and imaginary parts.
Isothermal crystallization of high density polyethylene and nanoscale calcium carbonate composites (2007)

Abstract High density polyethylene (HDPE) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) nanocomposites with maleic anhydride grafted HDPE (manPE) as a compatibilizer were prepared via compounding in a twin‐screw extruder. The CaCO 3 are well dispersed in the HDPE matrix from the observation of transmission electron microscope. The isothermal crystallization kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and simulated by Avrami and Tobin models. The nucleation constants and fold surface free energy were estimated from Lauritzen–Hoffman relation. The results indicate that both manPE and well‐dispersed CaCO 3 particles would act as nuclei to induce heterogeneous nucleation and enhance crystallization rate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008