gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics coupling simulation of RDE for PCB manufacturing (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to optimize experimental parameters and gain further insights into the plating process in the fabrication of high-density interconnections of printed circuit boards (PCBs) by the rotating disc electrode (RDE) model. Via metallization by copper electrodeposition for interconnection of PCBs has become increasingly important. In this metallization technique, copper is directly filled into the vias using special additives. To investigate electrochemical reaction mechanisms of electrodeposition in aqueous solutions, using experiments on an RDE is common practice. Design/methodology/approach – An electrochemical model is presented to describe the kinetics of copper electrodeposition on an RDE, which builds a bridge between the theoretical and experimental study for non-uniform copper electrodeposition in PCB manufacturing. Comsol Multiphysics, a multiphysics simulation platform, is invited to modeling flow field and potential distribution based on a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric physical modeling. The flow pattern in the electrolyte is determined by the 2D Navier–Stokes equations. Primary, secondary and tertiary current distributions are performed by the finite element method of multiphysics coupling. Findings – The ion concentration gradient near the cathode and the thickness of the diffusion layer under different rotating velocities are achieved by the finite element method of multiphysics coupling. The calculated concentration and boundary layer thicknesses agree well with those from the theoretical Levich equation. The effect of fluid flow on the current distribution over the electrode surface is also investigated in this model. The results reveal the impact of flow parameters on the current density distribution and thickness of plating layer, which are most concerned in the production of PCBs. Originality/value – By RDE electrochemical model, we build a bridge between the theoretical and experimental study for control of uniformity of plating layer by concentration boundary layer in PCB manufacturing. By means of a multiphysics coupling platform, we can accurately analyze and forecast the characteristic of the entire electrochemical system. These results reveal theoretical connections of current density distribution and plating thickness, with controlled parameters in the plating process to further help us comprehensively understand the mechanism of copper electrodeposition.
Recent Advances in Composites in the United States and Japan (1985)

Description This publication, Recent Advances in Composites in the United States and Japan, contains papers presented at the United States/Japan Symposium on Composite Materials which was held in Hampton, Virginia, 6-8 June 1983. The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committees D30 on High Modulus Fibers and Their Composites and E09 on Fatigue in cooperation with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Jack R. Vinson and Minoru Taya, University of Delaware, served as symposium chairman and secretary, respectively. Jack R. Vinson and Minoru Taya are editors of this publication.
Strain relaxation in tensile-strained layers on Si(001) (1996)

We investigated in detail the strain relaxation behaviour of metastable tensile-strained epilayers on Si(001) by comparing the layers before and after an annealing step using a variety of different diagnostic methods. The dominant strain-relieving mechanism is the formation of carbon-containing interstitial complexes and/or silicon carbide nanoparticles, similar to the behaviour of carbon in silicon under thermodynamical equilibrium conditions (concentrations below the solid bulk solubility limit). We did not observe any carbon out-diffusion. To grow material suitable for device applications, all carbon atoms should be incorporated substitutionally. There is only a very narrow temperature window for perfect epitaxial growth of such layers, limited on one side by the possible formation of interstitial carbon complexes and on the other side by the deterioration of epitaxial growth at low temperatures. The carbon concentration should not exceed a few per cent to avoid strain-driven precipitation.
Rapid Microwave Drying for Slip Cast Bodies (2006)

Rapid microwave drying was examined in ZnO ceramic for slip cast bodies and the characteristics of such bodies were compared with those of cast bodies dried by conventional drying techniques. The extent of warpage of a dried body is smaller in microwave drying than in other conventional drying methods. Clearly, the homogeneous heating by microwave contributed to uniformities in the temperature and water content of a green body during drying. The relative density of sintered bodies reached about 98% and the microstructure was uniform for microwave drying. Furthermore, the number and size of pores are smaller for this drying technique than for other methods. Microwave heating has merits in terms of both the rapid drying and structural uniformity of dried bodies. It not only reduces drying period, but also improves the characteristics of a sintered body.
Priming of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV‐1)–Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cell Responses by Dendritic Cells Loaded with HIV‐1 Proteins (2003)

Proteins may serve as ideal CD8(+) T cell immunogens for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) if they can be delivered to and processed through the human leukocyte antigen class I pathway. This study shows that human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with liposome-complexed HIV-1 proteins and matured with CD40 ligand can prime CD8(+) T cells to HIV-1 in vitro. Whole HIV-1 protein in liposome may be an effective immunogen for HIV-1 vaccine protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocene Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization Annual Review for 1996 (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: State of the science for metals (2013)

"Dissolved" concentrations of contaminants in sediment porewater (Cfree ) provide a more relevant exposure metric for risk assessment than do total concentrations. Passive sampling methods (PSMs) for estimating Cfree offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of Cfree for inorganic sediment contaminants. In contrast to the PSMs validated and applied for organic contaminants, the various passive sampling devices developed for metals, metalloids, and some nonmetals (collectively termed "metals") have been exploited to a limited extent, despite recognized advantages that include low detection limits, detection of time-averaged trends, high spatial resolution, information about dissolved metal speciation, and the ability to capture episodic events and cyclic changes that may be missed by occasional grab sampling. We summarize the PSM approaches for assessing metal toxicity to, and bioaccumulation by, sediment-dwelling biota, including the recognized advantages and limitations of each approach, the need for standardization, and further work needed to facilitate broader acceptance and application of PSM-derived information by decision makers.
Low-threshold cw LiNdP4O12 laser (1975)

We have studied cw room-temperature lasing behavior of LiNdP4O12. A threshold of 360-μW optical excitation power at 0.582-μm wavelength was measured, with 18% power conversion efficiency to 1.048-μm radiation at 1-mW output. The crystal structure is found to be monoclinic (C2/c) rather than orthorhombic as previously reported.
Self‐Healable Electrically Conducting Wires for Wearable Microelectronics (2014)

Electrically conducting wires play a critical role in the advancement of modern electronics and in particular are an important key to the development of next-generation wearable microelectronics. However, the thin conducting wires can easily break during use, and the whole device fails to function as a result. Herein, a new family of high-performance conducting wires that can self-heal after breaking has been developed by wrapping sheets of aligned carbon nanotubes around polymer fibers. The aligned carbon nanotubes offer an effective strategy for the self-healing of the electric conductivity, whereas the polymer fiber recovers its mechanical strength. A self-healable wire-shaped supercapacitor fabricated from a wire electrode of this type maintained a high capacitance after breaking and self-healing.
Efficacy and hematologic toxicity of carboplatin and talazoparib combination therapy in BRCA mutated patients. (2016)

2557 Background: Synergistic anti-tumor effects of PARPi and chemotherapy have been observed in preclinical models. This Phase 1 trial evaluates the tolerability, dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and efficacy of, the PARP inhibitor, talazoparib, in combination with carboplatin in patients with or without DNA repair mutations. We hypothesize that talazoparib may overcome carboplatin resistance but induce greater toxicity in patients with DNA repair defects. Methods: Talazoparib and carboplatin pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and anti-tumor activity were evaluated in a 3+3 dose escalation design. Genetic testing, PK, pharmacodynamic effects (PD), and alternate dose modeling were evaluated to better understand the interaction of carboplatin and talazoparib. Results: 24 patients were enrolled in 4 cohorts and treated with talazoparib 0.75 or 0.1 mg/day and carboplatin AUC 1 or 1.5 for 3/3 or 2/3 weeks. Tumor types included: breast, prostate, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian, bladder and adenoid cystic carcinoma. DLTs were fatigue and thrombocytopenia; other grade 3/4 toxicities included fatigue (13%), neutropenia (33%), thrombocytopenia (33%), and anemia (58%). Post cycle 1 heme toxicities required dose delays/reductions in almost all patients. One complete response occurred in a germline BRCA1 (gBRCA1) breast cancer patient and two partial responses (PR) occurred in gBRCA2 patients (breast and bladder cancer); 11 patients (pts) had stable disease (SD) for ≥ 3 months, 5 pts are not yet evaluable. Thrombocytopenia (11.4% vs. 1.1% P < 0.001) and neutropenia (9.1% vs. 3.8% P < 0.001) were significantly more common in gBRCA carriers. PK modeling suggested that monthly carboplatin dosing in patients with DNA repair defects and every other week dosing in non-carriers may be more tolerable for PARPi and carboplatin combinations. Conclusions: Mutation carriers in BRCA or DNA repair genes responded better to the combination and responses were in prior progression on PARPi and carboplatin, but the combination caused increased heme toxicity in gBRCA or other DNA repair mutations. Less frequent carboplatin dosing may be required when given with PARPi in germ line mutation carriers. Clinical trial information: NCT02358200.
Topical Heparin: New Observations (2007)

Topical effects of heparins on the skin need deeper investigations. The lack of evidence is mainly due to the lack of large investments in this field. Three main local actions of heparin on the skin can be defined: (a) the anticoagulant action, (b) the microcirculatory-modulatory action determining important control of the microcirculation in case of excessive vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, and (c) the 'facilitatory action' on skin permeability allowing other drugs to diffuse better and faster into the skin (producing a therapeutic effect). These aspects have to be evaluated more extensively in both experimental and clinical conditions. Recent experimental studies demonstrate these effects of locally applied heparin. Therefore, key questions on local heparin administration such as skin penetration and the action on the local thrombi have promising answers. These observations suggest important clinical applications for local liposomal heparin. Both the potentials of local applications of heparin, particularly with new formulations, and some new aspects in the management of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) can focus on locally applied heparin. SVT is an important clinical condition considering its frequency and the potentially heavy use of local heparin in this clinical problem. Results from new studies and observations presented in this issue of Angiology could be a window for suggesting new significant clinical applications and therapeutic solutions.
GRADIENT MUTILAYERED FILMS AND CONFINED CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLYMER NANOLAYERS BY FORCED ASSEMBLY COEXTRUSION (2010)

BIBLIOGRAPHY truly appreciated the opportunity to learn and work in such a highly interactive, cutting-edge research environment.The foundational research concepts and professional development opportunities afforded to the students in the research group are truly invaluable.
Les Activités quotidiennes au travers des vestiges fauniques (2006)

National audience
9‐Chlor‐3,6‐diazaphenanthrene aus Nifedipin (1985)

Abstract Das durch photochemische Reaktion aus Nifedipin erzeugte Nitrosopyridin gibt mit konz. HCl das chlorhaltige 3,6‐Diazaphenanthren 3a . Der Eisen‐Komplex der Hydroxamsäure 3a ermöglicht eine spektralphotometrische Bestimmung für Nifedipin. 3 ergibt bei der Behandlung mit PCl 3 das Lactam 4 , mit Acetanhydrid das Hydroxamat 5 .
Nonlinear forward problem solution for electrical capacitance tomography using feed-forward neural network (2006)

A new technique for solving the forward problem in electrical capacitance tomography sensor systems is introduced. The new technique is based on training a feed-forward neural network (NN) to predict capacitance data from permittivity distributions. The capacitance data used in training and testing the NN is obtained from preprocessed and filtered experimental measurements. The new technique has shown better results when compared to the commonly used linear forward projection (LFP) while maintaining fast prediction speed. The new technique has also been integrated into a modified iterative linear back projection (Landweber) reconstruction algorithm. Reconstruction results are found to be in favor of the NN forward solver when compared to the widely used Landweber reconstruction technique with LFP forward solver.
Suppressed Charge Recombination in Inverted Organic Photovoltaics via Enhanced Charge Extraction by Using a Conductive Fullerene Electron Transport Layer (2014)

Conductive fullerene electron-transporting layers (ETLs) are developed to facilitate the solution processing of highly efficient inverted OSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 9.6%. Its high conductivity also allows devices to be fabricated independently of the ETL thickness (up to ca. 50 nm). Transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements are used to shed light on how these conductive ETLs help suppress charge recombination in solar cells.
Software-Oriented Approach to Hardware-Software Co-Simulation for FPGA-Based Risc Extensible Processor (2006)

Recent advancements in mixed hardware-software modeling platforms have simplified the process of concurrently modeling complex algorithms in hardware while considering the software generation in an integrated environment. To efficiently facilitate design space exploration for RISC extensible processors, it is imperative to use a tightly coupled hardware-software co-design and modeling effort that also maintains the flexibility for exploring other types of microarchitectures. We have introduced a simulation framework using a software-oriented design methodology that can be adopted to model the software and hardware components in a reconfigurable co-processor. Experiments on some commonly used DSP and image processing tasks show that hardware-software trade-offs in the various models can be efficiently analyzed during the initial design phase.
Concept of molecular design towards additive technology for advanced lubricants (2007)

Abstract A simple model to develop novel friction modifiers and anti‐wear agents for synthetic oils was studied. Our attention was focused on the construction of additive molecules to meet the requirement for synthetic oils, which possess a different polarity and solvency from mineral oils. The relation between the molecular structure of additives and their tribological properties were elucidated prior to the preparation of the substance and estimation of its tribological properties. Computer‐assisted chemistry was partly applied to predict the properties of the designed molecules. The adsorptive activity of the conventional fatty acids is insufficient to reduce friction when they were dissolved in polar synthetic oils such as polyethers. Introduction of another carboxyl group into the fatty acid, especially at the carbon atom next to the original carboxyl group, makes the molecule polar; resulting in friction modifiers for polyethers. Conversion of the carboxyl groups into trimethylsilyl esters provides soluble friction modifiers for poly(dimethylsilicone)‐type synthetic oils. A unique lubrication mechanism based on in situ regeneration of the original molecule was proposed for synthetic oils with poor solvency. Importance of adsorptive activity of additive molecule was also pointed out in phosphate‐type anti‐wear additives for polar synthetic oils. We found that both the polarity of additives and that of base oils have to be taken into account in lubricant design. Too much adsorption activity of the molecule caused corrosive wear. Hydrolytic stable compounds reduces corrosive wear to a considerable extent. Introduction of a hydroxyl group into the alkyl moiety of the phosphate ester provides polar molecule with low acidity. The additives reduce wear in synthetic esters even at low concentrations of phosphorus. The lubrication mechanism was also discussed; the novel additives provide a thick boundary film composed of iron phosphate on rubbing surfaces. Moreover, an acceleration of the kinetics of the film formation by the hydroxyl group was observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Davis: A generic interface for iRODS and SRB (2009)

The Storage Resource Broker (SRB), and its successor, the Integrated Rule-Oriented Data System (iRODS), are typical data grid software systems, which are widely exploited by researchers to store large data collections with associated metadata. On the other hand, the proprietary iRODS/SRB protocol results in limited support of high-quality and generic user interfaces. Although a few Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) and web interfaces have been developed for SRB and iRODS, they either have restricted functionality, or are customized for the needs of particular user groups. Moreover, they are not easy or straightforward to use, especially for basic users, which sometimes stops potential users from adapting iRODS/SRB as their storage solution. In order to tackle these shortcomings, Davis, a generic gateway to iRODS/SRB, has been developed, aiming to expand the use of iRODS/SRB to users with any level of computer skills, as well as making it easier to interface iRODS/SRB with other applications. Davis conforms to the open standard and broadly accepted WebDAV protocol, with additional features to facilitate HTTP access. This paper first investigates existing iRODS/SRB client tools, and then describes the approach of implementing Davis and its features, followed by some use cases to demonstrate the usefulness of a WebDAV interface to iRODS/SRB.
Evaluating Information Transfer Between Auditory Cortical Neurons (2007)

Transfer entropy, presented as a new tool for investigating neural assemblies, quantifies the fraction of information in a neuron found in the past history of another neuron. The asymmetry of the measure allows feedback evaluations. In particular, this tool has potential applications in investigating windows of temporal integration and stimulus-induced modulation of firing rate. Transfer entropy is also able to eliminate some effects of common history in spike trains and obtains results that are different from cross-correlation. The basic transfer entropy properties are illustrated with simulations. The information transfer through a network of 16 simultaneous multiunit recordings in cat's auditory cortex was examined for a large number of acoustic stimulus types. Application of the transfer entropy to a large database of multiple single-unit activity in cat's primary auditory cortex revealed that most windows of temporal integration found during spontaneous activity range between 2 and 15 ms. The normalized transfer entropy shows similarities and differences with the strength of cross-correlation; these form the basis for revisiting the neural assembly concept.
Mechanical and In Vitro Biological Performance of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Calcium Silicate Composite (2014)

Calcium silicate (CaSiO3, CS) ceramic composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1150°C. Quantitative microstructural analysis suggests that GNP play a role in grain size and is responsible for the improved densification. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that GNP survived the harsh processing conditions of the selected HIP processing parameters. The uniform distribution of 1 wt.% GNP in the CS matrix, high densification and fine CS grain size help to improve the fracture toughness by ∼130%, hardness by ∼30% and brittleness index by ∼40% as compared to the CS matrix without GNP. The toughening mechanisms, such as crack bridging, pull-out, branching and deflection induced by GNP are observed and discussed. The GNP/CS composites exhibit good apatite-forming ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). Our results indicate that the addition of GNP decreased pH value in SBF. Effect of addition of GNP on early adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblast cells (hFOB) was measured in vitro. The GNP/CS composites showed good biocompatibility and promoted cell viability and cell proliferation. The results indicated that the cell viability and proliferation are affected by time and concentration of GNP in the CS matrix.
Continuous dynamical decoupling magnetometry (2012)

Solid-state qubits hold the promise to achieve an unmatched combination of sensitivity and spatial resolution. To achieve their potential, the qubits need, however, to be shielded from the deleterious effects of the environment. While dynamical decoupling techniques can improve the coherence time, they impose a compromise between sensitivity and the frequency range of the field to be measured. Moreover, the performance of pulse sequences is ultimately limited by control bounds and errors. Here we analyze a versatile alternative based on continuous driving. We find that continuous dynamical decoupling schemes can be used for ac magnetometry, providing similar frequency constraints on the ac field and improved sensitivity for some noise regimes. In addition, the flexibility of phase and amplitude modulation could yield superior robustness to driving errors and a better adaptability to external experimental scenarios.