gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next generation of non-mammalian blood-brain barrier models to study parasitic infections of the central nervous system (2012)

Transmigration of neuropathogens across the blood-brain barrier is a key step in the development of central nervous system infections, making it a prime target for drug development. The ability of neuropathogens to traverse the blood-brain barrier continues to inspire researchers to understand the specific strategies and molecular mechanisms that allow them to enter the brain. The availability of models of the blood-brain barrier that closely mimic the situation in vivo offers unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics.
Bridged Dinuclear Tripodal Tris(amido)phosphane Complexes of Titanium and Zirconium as Diligating Building Blocks for Organometallic Polymers (2007)

Abstract Appropriate bridging ligands allow for the preparation of bimetallic titanium and zirconium precursors to transition‐metal‐containing polymers using the formally trianionic P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 ligand (where Ar R = Ph, and 3,5‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 for a and b , respectively). Lithiation of the known amidophosphane ligand precursors P(CH 2 NHAr R ) 3 ( 1a , b ) with 3 equiv. of n BuLi cleanly provided the diethyl ether adducts P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 Li 3 (OEt 2 ) 1.5 ( 2a , b ). The THF adduct P(CH 2 NPh) 3 Li 3 (THF) 5 ( 2a‐THF ) was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Protonolysis reactions were used to prepare the mononuclear titanium complexes P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 TiOC 6 H 4 t Bu ( 4a , b ) and dinuclear species [P(CH 2 NPh) 3 TiNMe 2 ] 2 ‐μ‐4,4′{O[3,3′,5,5′‐(C 6 H 2 Me 2 ) 2 ]O} ( 5a ), [P(CH 2 NPh) 3 Ti] 2 (μ‐O) ( 6a ), and P(CH 2 N‐3,5‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 ) 3 Ti‐μ‐O‐Ti(NMe 2 ) 3 ( 7b ), from P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 TiNMe 2 . The reactions of 1a , b with Zr(NEt 2 ) 4 afforded metal complexes of the type P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 ZrNEt 2 ( 8a , b ). The chloride complexes P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 ZrCl(THF) ( 9a , b ) were prepared by treatment of HNEt 3 Cl with 1 or 2 . The complexes 9a , b reacted with cyclopentadienyllithium (C 5 H 5 Li) to produce P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 ZrCp ( 10a , b ), which were also prepared by the reactions of the lithium salts 2a , b with CpZrCl 3 . The dilithium salt of the fulvalene dianion (Li 2 C 10 H 8 ) reacts with 9a , b to produce the dinuclear complexes trans ‐[P(CH 2 NAr R ) 3 Zr] 2 (μ‐η 5 :η 5 ‐C 10 H 8 ) ( 10a , b ), respectively. The facile preparation of transition‐metal‐containing polymers from the bridged dinuclear complexes was illustrated by the reaction of 6a with half an equivalent of [Rh(CO) 2 (μ‐Cl)] 2 , which precipitated polymeric Cl(CO)Rh[P(CH 2 NPh) 3 Ti] 2 (μ‐O). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Theoretical studies of the ground and excited states of a model of the active site in oxidized and reduced rubredoxin (1978)

Abstract: Using the system Fe(SH)₄ to model the active site of rubredoxin, we have carried out ab initio quality Hartree-Fock and extensive configuration interaction studies of the ground and excited states of both the oxidized and reduced systems. We have established that the ground state is high spin in both redox forms and find charge distributions in agreement with Mossbauer studies. Based on calculated excitation energies and intensities, we have assigned all the spectral features below 3 eV including d-d spin-allowed, d-d spin-forbidden, and ligand to metal charge-transfer bands.
Novel Benzodioxan Derivative, 5-{3-[((2S)-1,4-Benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino]propoxy}-l,3-benzodioxole HC1 (MKC-242), with a Highly Potent and Selective Agonist Activity at Rat Central Serotonin1A Receptors (1995)

The present study characterizes the neurochemical profile of the newly synthesized compound 5-(3-[((2S)-1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino]propoxy)-1,3-be nzodioxole HCl (MKC-242). In in vitro experiments, MKC-242 had high affinity for serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors (Ki: 0.35 nM) and moderate affinity for alpha 1-adrenoceptors (Ki: 21 nM), whereas it had no appreciable affinity for any other neurotransmitter recognition sites studied and 5-HT transporter. MKC-242 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg, s.c.; 1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) caused presynaptic 5-HT1A-receptor-mediated responses (decreases in 5-HT turnover and 5-HT release) and postsynaptic 5-HT1A-receptor-mediated responses (hypothermia, an increase in serum corticosterone level and 5-HT1A behavioral syndrome). The effects of MKC-242 on decarboxylase inhibitor-induced 5-hydroxytryptophan accumulation and rectal temperature were blocked by the 5-HT1A-receptor antagonist N-tert-butyl-3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropana mide. The comparative studies on the in vivo responses induced by MKC-242 and the 5-HT1A-receptor full agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) showed that MKC-242 and 8-OH-DPAT had similar efficacy at presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, whereas the former had less efficacy than the latter at postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Furthermore, MKC-242 partially inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in hippocampal membranes. These findings suggest that MKC-242 acts as a full and partial agonist at pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors, respectively, in the central nervous system.
Development and Characterization of an Easy-to-Use THz Source (2005)

A primary challenge in creating the next generation of submillimeter-wave receiver systems for space science is generating the required local oscillator power. Full waveguide band performance and power levels suitable for array receivers are desired. Also, the sources must be suitable for use at remote installations. This means they should be compact, reliable and electronically tunable. This papers presents the recent development and testing of a terahertz LO source that meets these requirements. This source uses GaAs Schottky barrier diodes to frequency multiply the power from a millimeter wave amplifier. The final element in the multiplier chain is a frequency tripler to the WR-0.65 waveguide band, spanning from 1.1 - 1.7 THz. This tripler generates of order ten microwatts of power when pumped with 3mW. The complete x72 active multiplier chain is about six-inches in length and requires only milliwatt power level input. It has been tested to demonstrate excellent spectral purity, frequency and power stability and low noise. The construction of the multiplier chain and the test results are reviewed.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> Cks1At protein binds the cyclin‐dependent kinases Cdc2aAt and Cdc2bAt (1997)

In Arabidopsis, two cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), Cdc2aAt and Cdc2bAt, have been described. Here, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify Arabidopsis proteins interacting with Cdc2aAt. Three different clones were isolated, one of which encodes a Suc1/Cks1 homologue. The functionality of the Arabidopsis Suc1/Cks1 homologue, designed Cks1At, was demonstrated by its ability to rescue the temperature-sensitive cdc2-L7 strain of fission yeast at low and intermediate expression levels. In contrast, high cks1At expression levels inhibited cell division in both mutant and wild-type yeast strains. Cks1At binds both Cdc2aAt and Cdc2bAt in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the fission yeast Suc1 binds Cdc2aAt but only weakly Cdc2bAt, whereas the human CksHs1 associated exclusively with Cdc2aAt.
CT Angiography of Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnostic Criteria and Causes of Misdiagnosis (2004)

Computed tomographic (CT) pulmonary angiography is becoming the standard of care at many institutions for the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. This pathologic condition, whether acute or chronic, causes both partial and complete intraluminal filling defects, which should have a sharp interface with intravascular contrast material. In acute pulmonary embolism that manifests as complete arterial occlusion, the affected artery may be enlarged. Partial filling defects due to acute pulmonary embolism are often centrally located, but when eccentrically located they form acute angles with the vessel wall. Chronic pulmonary embolism can manifest as complete occlusive disease in vessels that are smaller than adjacent patent vessels. Other CT pulmonary angiographic findings in chronic pulmonary embolism include evidence of recanalization, webs or flaps, and partial filling defects that form obtuse angles with the vessel wall. Factors that cause misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism may be patient related, technical, anatomic, or pathologic. The radiologist needs to determine the quality of a CT pulmonary angiographic study and whether pulmonary embolism is present. If the quality of the study is poor, the radiologist should identify which pulmonary arteries have been rendered indeterminate and whether additional imaging is necessary.
Microcystilide A: a novel cell-differentiation-promoting depsipeptide from Microcystis aeruginosa NO-15-1840 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrocystilide A: a novel cell-differentiation-promoting depsipeptide from Microcystis aeruginosa NO-15-1840Sachiko Tsukamoto, Prabha Painuly, Kurt A. Young, Xuemin Yang, Yuzuru Shimizu, and Laurie CornellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11046–11047Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a095https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Non-Fermi Liquid Behavior and Griffiths Phase in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">f</mml:mi></mml:math>-Electron Compounds (1998)

We study the interplay among disorder, RKKY, and Kondo interactions in $f$-electron alloys. We argue that the non-Fermi liquid behavior observed in these systems is due to the existence of a Griffiths phase close to a quantum critical point. The existence of this phase provides a unified picture of a large class of materials. We also propose new experiments that can test these ideas.
Back-to-back skin stretch feedback for communicating five degree-of-freedom direction cues (2013)

This paper presents the design and development of a novel device for providing tactile feedback in five degrees of freedom (5-DOF). Four translational and four rotational motions of the hand can be communicated to a user using two independently controlled 2-DOF skin stretch feedback devices placed back-to-back. An additional two rotational motions of the hand can be communicated through spiral motions of the two skin stretch feedback devices. The user's index finger and thumb grasp the device at the location of the moving contactor (tactor) of each of the 2-DOF skin stretch displays, respectively. Experiments show user responses to have high directional accuracy (> 98%) for each of the five degrees of freedom communicated by the device. A second experiment also shows a proof of concept for using the back-to-back skin stretch display to guide users' hand motions to match a specified target angle in a one degree-of-freedom wrist rotation task. Findings from this preliminary study will be used in future studies to investigate users' ability to track paths in multiple degrees of freedom or to direct the hand motions of a user, which could be relevant to tasks such as upper limb rehabilitation, swing training, or other motion training.
The β–δ phase transition in the energetic nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine: Thermodynamics (2002)

In this and the accompanying paper [L. Smilowitz et al., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 3789, 2002] we present a theoretical treatment and experimental study, respectively, of the β–δ solid state phase transition in the organic nitramine molecule octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The transition is thermodynamically first order with a measured latent heat, occurs via nucleation and growth, and exhibits a thermally activated rate of transformation. We construct a two state kinetic model of the system consisting of equilibrium terms first order in the β or δ mole fraction simulating nucleation, and second order in β and δ simulating growth. The model has four rate constants, the temperature dependence of which is described by eight parameters. We use the transition state formulation of the rate constants and apply a thermodynamic model of the activated state that associates the difference in activated state free energy in forward and reverse directions with the equilibrium transition free energy, and identifies the activated state of the growth process with a metastable melt. By associating components of the activated state free energy with independently measured thermodynamic energies we reduce the degrees of freedom to three, which we fix initially by comparison with previously published kinetic data. We apply the model to both the β–δ and δ–β transformations over a temperature range from 300 to 700 K in order to assess the theoretical validity of the model. The model reproduces the half time of the transition over this entire range, spanning conversion times from 106 to 10−4 s. In the accompanying paper we present an experimental study of the kinetics and mechanism of the phase transition based on second harmonic generation spectroscopy. We use second harmonic generation to verify the nucleation and growth mechanism of the transition and measure the mole fraction change with time over a wide range of temperatures. We use the set of parameters established by theoretical considerations in this paper as an initial parameter set and determine an optimized set by comparison with these data.
RF-LDMOS: a device technology for high power RF infrastructure applications (2005)

RF-LDMOS is the dominant device technology used in high power wireless infrastructure applications for frequencies ranging from less than 900MHz to 2.7GHz. Its strong market leadership position is a direct result of the technology's delivery of superior performance (gain, efficiency, linearity) at low cost while remaining compatible with high supply voltages. This paper will review recent RF-LDMOS development at Freescale, focusing upon performance in the 2.1 GHz band. Opportunities for future device development will also be presented.
Sulforaphane, Erucin, and Iberin Up-Regulate Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Expression in Human MCF-7 Cells (2005)

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables are potentially important anticarcinogenic phytochemicals for many types of cancers including breast cancer. In this study, we have shown that three isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin, are potent inducers of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Sulforaphane, erucin, and iberin at 1 microM induce TrxR1 mRNA 2-3-fold within 8 h of treatment, and induce mRNA 5-7-fold with 12 microM ITC treatments. Selenium did not affect sulforaphane-induced TrxR1 mRNA levels, but significantly enhanced both TrxR1 protein expression (up to 9-fold in erucin treatment) and corresponding activities. These results suggest that dietary ITCs are important factors in the regulation of redox status through the induction of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase.
Ultranarrow Silicon Inverse Taper Waveguide Fabricated with Double-Patterning Photolithography for Low-Loss Spot-Size Converter (2012)

Using a double-patterning process of i-line photolithography that twice performs a pair of photoresist patterning and dry etching processes, we were able to form an ultranarrow silicon inverse taper waveguide with a tip end width that was much narrower than the resolution limit of photolithography. We fabricated a spot-size converter (SSC) consisting of a 50-µm-long silicon taper waveguide with gradually decreasing width from 400 to 50 nm and a polyimide second core. The insertion loss of the SSC was 0.55 dB for the transverse electric-like mode, which was the lowest value for an SSC fabricated using photolithography.
Stress Analysis of a Bulk-filled Class V Light-cured Composite Restoration (1994)

Clinical failures are often associated with the polymerization shrinkage of resin composite restorative materials. These problems include tooth sensitivity and fracture, marginal leakage, loss of the restoration, and recurrent decay. Our goal was to examine transient composite distortions and interface stresses as a bulk-filled light-cured composite polymerized in a Class V restoration. The analysis was based on a finite element model. The curing of the restoration was divided into 4 steps: approximately 1/30, 1/4, 1/2, and full depth (1/1) of cure. Since the actual curing pattern is not known, calculations were performed for three hypothetical (flat, convex, and concave) polymerization front shapes. The calculations showed that the assumed shape was a critical factor in determining cured surface deformations. For example, the initial cure depth (1/30) resulted in a surface bulge if the polymerization front was presumed convex, while the concave front resulted in a large intrusion. By the time that about 1/2 the depth of the restoration was cured, the differences were essentially gone. The final surface outline was intruded. Interface stresses in the curing restoration were qualitatively similar regardless of the assumed polymerization shape. As with surface distortions, the stresses changed with curing depth. It was concluded that (1) transient events during polymerization are possible contributors to clinical complications, and (2) more must be known about the polymerization pattern.
Tuning neuron adhesion and neurite guiding using functionalized AuNPs and backfill chemistry (2015)

Gold nanoparticles are used to investigate the dependence of neuron adhesion on the density of cell binding sites and particle backfill. Neurons viability and neurite development depend differently on cell attractive and cell repellant surface cues.
Isothermal frontal polymerization: Confirmation of the mechanism and determination of factors affecting the front velocity, front shape, and propagation distance with comparison to mathematical modeling (2005)

Abstract Isothermal frontal polymerization (IFP) is a directional polymerization that uses the Trommsdorff, or gel, effect to produce gradient materials for optical applications. When a solution of methyl methacrylate and a thermal initiator contacts a polymer seed (a small piece of polymer), a viscous region is formed in which the polymerization rate is faster because of the Trommsdorff effect. Using the optical techniques of laser line deflection (Weiner's method) and shadowgraphy along with controls, we obtained definitive experimental evidence of IFP. Moreover, we were able to measure accurately and precisely the front position and front concentration profile as a function of time by monitoring IFP systems and controls of various initiator concentrations and cure temperatures. The experimental data were compared with theoretical predictions from a model using mass‐diffusion and radical polymerization kinetics. The model reproduced the decrease of the propagation time and showed an increase in the propagation velocity for an increase in the initiator concentration and/or cure temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5774–5786, 2005
<i>E. coli</i> expression and characterization of a mutant troponin I with the three cysteine residues substituted (1993)

A TnI cDNA was cloned from rabbit fast skeletal muscle, and site-directed mutagenesis was applied to replace all the three cysteine residues, Cys-48 and Cys-64 by Ala and Cys-133 by Ser. The mutant and wild-type TnI were expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. No significant functional differences were observed between the mutant and the authentic TnI in terms of the interactions with TnT and TnC, and the ability of the reassembled Tn complex to regulate the acto-S1 ATPase activity in a calcium-dependent manner. These findings suggest that none of the cysteine residues in TnI are essential for the function of this protein and can be replaced to obtain a non-oxidizable mutant TnI which is much easier to handle and suitable as an alternative to the authentic TnI for various purposes, such as crystallization of TnI and the whole Tn, and 1H NMR studies.
Antiinflammatory and Antiarteriosclerotic Effects of Pioglitazone (2002)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligands are widely used in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes. Because coronary artery disease is a major complication for such patients, it is important to determine the effects of PPARgamma activation on arteriosclerosis. Long-term inhibition of endothelial NO synthesis by administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to rats induces coronary vascular inflammation (monocyte infiltration, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] expression) and subsequent arteriosclerosis. We examined the effects of pioglitazone (a PPARgamma ligand) in this rat model to determine whether PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone inhibits arteriosclerosis by its indirect effects on metabolic conditions or by direct effects on the cells participating to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. We found that pioglitazone did not affect metabolic states, systolic blood pressure, or serum NO levels, but did prevent the L-NAME-induced coronary inflammation and arteriosclerosis. Pioglitazone did not reduce local expression of MCP-1 but markedly attenuated increased expression of the MCP-1 receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lesional and circulating monocytes. PPARgamma activation with pioglitazone prevented coronary arteriosclerosis, possibly by its antiinflammatory effects (downregulation of CCR2 in circulating monocytes). Inhibition of the CCR2-mediated inflammation may represent novel antiinflammatory actions of pioglitazone beyond improvement of metabolic state.
Combined hole-filling with spatial and temporal prediction (2013)

A combined hole-filling approach with spatial and temporal prediction is presented in this paper. Depth image-based rendering (DIBR) is generally used to synthesize virtual view images in free viewpoint television (FTV) and three-dimensional (3-D) video. Limited original camera views and depth maps are used to generate the additional virtual views in the synthesizing process. One of the main problems in DIBR is that there are some regions are occluded by the foreground objects in the original views, and they will be some holes in the generated additional virtual views, especially for the view extrapolation cases. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is introduced and it can be used to fill the holes which caused by disocclusion regions and inaccurate depth values. The proposed algorithm combines the spatial and temporal prediction, and the performance is much better and more stable than the previous work. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of the virtual views a lot compared with the previous work. The improvement is not only obvious in the objective comparison, but also in the subjective comparison.