gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient treatment of infertility due to sperm DNA damage by ICSI with testicular spermatozoa (2004)

These data show that ICSI with testicular spermatozoa provides the first efficient assisted reproduction treatment option for men with high levels of sperm DNA damage.
Hormones and Root Formation (1938)

1. Portions of cuttings, some of which had been treated at the apex and some at the base with indoleacetic acid, showed large amounts of auxin in the bark immediately after treatment, but about 90 per cent of the auxin disappeared during the first day. 2. Very little auxin was recovered from the bark at the apex of cuttings which had been treated at the base with 0.001, 0.005, and 0.02 per cent solutions of indoleacetic acid. 3. Moderate amounts of auxin were recovered from the base when the cuttings were treated at the apex with these solutions; however, with the 0.02 per cent solution the amount recovered at the base was small as compared with that at the apex. 4. The 0.02 per cent solution applied at the base of lemon cuttings was the only treatment of those tested that gave significant increase in root formation on lemon cuttings over controls. 5. There was little difference in the amount of auxin recovered from treated apple and lemon cuttings, yet the apple cuttings did not form roots. It is assumed that apple cuttings are lacking in certain internal substances necessary for root formation. 6. Experiments involving removal of the treated base and treating of the new base indicate that the action of indoleacetic acid in root formation is primarily the mobilization of naturally occurring root-forming substances. 7. Evidence is presented which indicates that leaves of lemon cuttings supply a substance necessary for the differentiation of the root primordia and another for the outgrowth of these primordia. The former appears to be transported rapidly to the base under the influence of indoleacetic acid while the latter is transported slowly to the base.
A real-time multiresolution algorithm for correcting distortions produced by thermal printers (2005)

As printing proceeds in a thermal printer, heat from previously printed lines of image data accumulates in the print head and alters the thermal state of the heating elements. This fluctuating state of the heating elements manifests itself as a distortion in the printed image. We have modeled the heat diffusion within the thermal printer and the density response of the receiver medium to derive a computationally efficient inverse thermal printer model. In this model, the heat diffusion problem for the moving receiver is simplified by showing that it is equivalent to a stationary medium with lower conductivity. The thermal print head is modeled as having a finite number of discrete layers with differing time constants. The layer temperature updates can be decoupled and are time recursive if expressed in relative rather than absolute temperatures, and this decoupling allows the layers to be updated at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. The inverse printer model then reduces to an elegant algorithm that comprises three interleaved recursions; namely, absolute temperature propagation from coarse-to-fine scale, energy propagation from fine-to-coarse scale and relative temperature update in time. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm successfully corrects the distortion produced by thermal printers.
Restoring visual function to the blind retina with a potent, safe and long-lasting photoswitch (2017)

Photoswitch compounds such as DENAQ confer light-sensitivity on endogenous neuronal ion channels, enabling photocontrol of neuronal activity without genetic manipulation. DENAQ treatment restores both retinal light responses and visual behaviors in rodent models of Retinitis pigmentosa. However, retinal photosensitization requires a high dose of DENAQ and disappears within several days after treatment. Here we report that BENAQ, an improved photoswitch, is 20-fold more potent than DENAQ and persists in restoring visual responses to the retina for almost 1 month after a single intraocular injection. Studies on mice and rabbits show that BENAQ is non-toxic at concentrations 10-fold higher than required to impart light-sensitivity. These favorable properties make BENAQ a potential drug candidate for vision restoration in patients with degenerative blinding diseases.
Risk of cancers during interrupted antiretroviral therapy in the SMART study (2007)

Non-AIDS-defining malignancies were more common in this cohort than AIDS-defining malignancies. This analysis provides further evidence against the use of CD4 T-cell-guided ART because of a higher risk of AIDS-defining malignancies in addition to opportunistic infections and deaths.
Freeze-fracture evidence for the presence of cholesterol in particle-free patches of basal disks and the plasma membrane of retinal rod outer segments of mice and frogs. (1979)

The freeze-fracture technique was used to examine the membranes of the photoreceptors of mice and frogs. Particle-free patches were found in the plasma membrane and basal disk membranes of the outer segments of both mice and frogs housed at room temperature, but not in frogs kept in a cold room. These patches were shown not to be artifacts of cryoprotection or fixation, and they persisted when fresh isolated outer segments were frozen by an ultrarapid method. They were also found to persist in mouse rods when retinas were incubated and subsequently fixed at temperatures up to 80 degrees C. Cholesterol was implicated as a significant component of the patches by the observation that, in the outer segments, pits, induced by treatment with the sterol-specific polyene antibiotic filipin, were present in and confined to the particle-free patches. That these lesions are not inherently limited to particle-free membrane areas was evident in the apical plasma membrane of the photoreceptor inner segments, where particles and pits were intermixed. Treatment with saponin, a surface-active agent which specifically complexes cholesterol, resulted in the disappearance of the particle-free patches. Patches were found in basal disks of both mouse and frog rods but not in older disks nearer the pigment epithelium, which indicates that changes occur in the composition of disk membranes and/or in the molecular ordering of their protein and lipid components during the early phase of their transit from the base towards the apex of the outer segment.
Overviews of biological importance of quercetin: A bioactive flavonoid (2016)

Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.
Flavonoid Derivatives as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists:  A Comparison of the Hypothetical Receptor Binding Site Based on a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Model (1998)

Flavonoid derivatives have been optimized as relatively rigid antagonists of adenosine receptors with particular selectivity for the A3 receptor subtype. A quantitative study of the structure-activity relationships for binding of flavonoids to adenosine A1, A2A, and A3 receptors has been conducted using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Correlation coefficients (cross-validated r2) of 0.605, 0.595, and 0.583 were obtained for the three subtypes, respectively. All three CoMFA models have the same steric and electrostatic contributions, implying similar requirements inside the binding cavity. Similarities were seen in the topology of steric and electrostatic regions with the A1 and A3 receptors, but not the A2A. Substitutions on the phenyl ring at the C-2 position of the chromone moiety may be considered important for binding affinity at all adenosine receptors. In the A3 model a region of favorable bulk interaction is located around the 2'-position of the phenyl ring. The presence of a C-6 substituent in the chromone moiety is well tolerated and increases the A1/A3 selectivity. The CoMFA coefficient contour plots provide a self-consistent picture of the main chemical features responsible for the pKi variations and also result in predictions which agree with experimental values.
Energy Efficient Scale-In Clusters with In-Storage Processing for Big-Data Analytics (2015)

Big data drives a computing paradigm shift. Due to enormous data volumes, data-intensive programming frameworks are pervasive and scale-out clusters are widespread. As a result, data-movement energy dominates overall energy consumption and this will get worse with a technology scaling. We propose scale-in clusters with In-Storage Processing (ISP) devices that would enable energy efficient computing for big-data analytics. ISP devices eliminate/reduce data movements towards CPUs and execute tasks more energy-efficiently. Thus, with energy efficient computing near data and higher throughput enabled, clusters with ISP can achieve more than quadruple energy efficiency with fewer number of nodes as compared to the energy efficiency of similarly performing its counter-part scale-out clusters.
Improved Synthesis of Small (<i>d</i><sub>CORE</sub>≈ 1.5 nm) Phosphine-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTImproved Synthesis of Small (dCORE ≈ 1.5 nm) Phosphine-Stabilized Gold NanoparticlesWalter W. Weare, Scott M. Reed, Marvin G. Warner, and James E. HutchisonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12890–12891Publication Date (Web):December 27, 2000Publication History Received20 July 2000Published online27 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002673nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002673nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8209Altmetric-Citations396LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Gold,Materials,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
On-chip superconductivity via gallium overdoping of silicon (2010)

We report on superconducting properties of gallium-enriched silicon layers in commercial (100) oriented silicon wafers. Ion implantation and subsequent rapid thermal annealing have been applied for realizing gallium precipitation beneath a silicon-dioxide cover layer. Depending on the preparation parameters, we observe a sharp drop to zero resistance at 7 K. The critical-field anisotropy proofs the thin-film character of superconductivity. In addition, out-of-plane critical fields of above 9 T and critical current densities exceeding 2 kA/cm2 promote these structures to be possible playgrounds for future microelectronic technology.
Implementation of H.264/AVC encoder on coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable computing system (2012)

REMUS is a coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable computing system proposed for multimedia and communication baseband processing applications. H.264/AVC is the latest video coding standard which achieves dominant coding efficiency compared with previous standards. However, its high computational complexity and huge memory access bandwidth make it difficult to implement by traditional processors. Therefore, the multi-processing and multi-threading encoding systems are promising solutions for implementation of H.264/AVC codec in real-time applications. The paper presents architecture of the REMUS system for mobile applications (REMUS-MB), and shows that it is possible to implement a high complexity application as H.264/AVC encoding algorithm with competitive performance on the platform of REMUS-MB system. Experimental results have proven that the REMUS-MB system which operating at 200 MHz can perform H.264/AVC baseline profile encoder at real-time speed for CIF@30fps video sequences with two reference frames and maximum search range of [-16,15]. The implementation, therefore, can apply to handheld devices targeting at mobile multimedia applications such as video recorder, video telephony, video conference, etc. The platform of REMUS-MB system was designed and synthesized by using TSMC 65nm low power technology. The die size of REMUS-MB is 13.97 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . REMUS-MB consumes, on average, about 100mW while working at 200MHz.
Air monitoring by spectroscopic techniques (1994)

Introduction to Environmental Sensing (M. Sigrist). Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) (U. Platt). Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) (S. Svanberg). Air Monitoring by Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (M. Sigrist). The Use of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for Atmospheric Measurements (H. Schiff, et al.). Gas Measurement in the Fundamental Infrared Region (P. Hanst & S. Hanst). Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy in Atmospheric Chemistry (D. Griffith). Index.
Multicast contention resolution with single-cycle windowing using content addressable FIFO's (1996)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) has been designated as the switching environment for future broadband integrated services digital networks (BISDN) networks and services. Although input-buffered space switches are more economical and simpler to implement than output-buffered space switches, they suffer from external blocking because of destination port contention. We review contention resolution methods used to avoid external blocking, and choose a solution based on ring reservation, resulting in an elegant and efficient mechanism requiring only nearest-neighbor communications. In addition to external blocking, space switches suffer from head-of-line (HOL) blocking, and our technique alleviates HOL blocking without arbitration time overhead. This method makes use of a novel content addressable first in/first out (CAFIFO) to achieve single-cycle windowing, and the CAFIFO design and operation are described in detail. High multicast throughput is achieved by employing call-splitting. Multiple latency priorities can also be supported. Simulation results, for both unicast and multicast switching, and both random and bursty traffic, highlight the versatility and excellent performance of the CAFIFO-based switch.
The role of domain ontologies in database design (2006)

Database design is difficult because it involves a database designer understanding an application and translating the design requirements into a conceptual model. However, the designer may have little or no knowledge about the application or task for which the database is being designed. This research presents a methodology for supporting database design creation and evaluation that makes use of domain-specific knowledge about an application stored in the form of domain ontologies. The methodology is implemented in a prototype system, the Ontology Management and Database Design Environment. Initial testing of the prototype illustrates that the incorporation and use of ontologies is effective in creating entity-relationship models.
Joint feature-basis subset selection (2004)

We treat feature selection and basis selection in a unified framework by introducing the masking matrix. If one considers feature selection as finding a binary mask vector that determines which features participate in the learning process, and similarly, basis selection as finding a binary mask vector that determines which basis vectors are needed for the learning process, then the masking matrix is, in particular, the outer product of the feature masking vector and the basis masking vector. This representation allows for a joint estimation of both features and basis. In addition, it allows one to select features that appear in only part of the basis functions. This joint selection of feature/basis subset is not possible when using feature selection and basis selection algorithms independently, thus, the masking matrix help extend feature and basis selection methods while blurring the lines between them. The problem of searching for an optimal masking matrix is NP-hand and we offer a sub-optimal probabilistic method to find it. In particular we demonstrate our ideas on the problem of feature and basis selection for SVM classification and show results for the problem of image classification on faces and vehicles.
Rat and human pancreatic islet cells contain a calcium ion independent phospholipase A2 activity selective for hydrolysis of arachidonate which is stimulated by adenosine triphosphate and is specifically localized to islet .beta.-cells (1993)

The recent demonstration that myocardial Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 exists as a complex of catalytic and regulatory polypeptides that is modulated by ATP has suggested a novel mechanisms through which alterations in glycolytic flux can be coupled to the generation of eicosanoids which facilitate insulin secretion. To determine the potential relevance of this mechanism, we examined the kinetic characteristics, substrate specificities, and cellular locus of phospholipase A2 activity in pancreatic islets. Rat pancreatic islets contain a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 activity which is optimal at physiologic pH, preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipid substrates containing a vinyl ether linkage at the sn-1 position, and prefers arachidonic acid compared to oleic acid in the sn-2 position. Rat islet Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 activity is inhibited by the mechanism-based inhibitor (E)-6-(bromomethylene)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one and is stimulated by ATP. Purification of beta-cells from dispersed pancreatic islet cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that beta-cells (but not non-beta-cells) contain Ca(2+)-independent, ATP-stimulated phospholipase A2 activity. Remarkably, clonal RIN-m5f insulinoma cells, which possess a defect in glucose-induced insulin secretion, contain a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 which is not modulated by alterations in ATP concentration. Collectively, these results and those of an accompanying paper [Ramanadham et al. (1993) Biochemistry (following paper in this issue)] implicate Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 as a putative glucose sensor which can couple alterations in glycolytic metabolism to the generation of biologically active eicosanoids and thereby facilitate glucose-induced insulin secretion.
The Expedient and Regioselective Metalation of Unprotected Biphenyl‐2‐, ‐3‐, and ‐4‐carboxylic Acids (2005)

Abstract Unprotected biphenyl‐2‐carboxylic acid can be cleanly metalated with sec ‐butyllithium at the position adjacent to the carboxylate and can then be subjected to site‐selective electrophilic substitution. The remote C2′‐position is attacked by the superbasic mixture of n ‐butyllithium and potassium tert ‐butoxide (LICKOR, 3.5 equiv.) in THF or benzene at 20–60 °C. The resulting dianion cyclizes to give the fluorenone skeleton. The metalation reactions of biphenyl‐3‐ and ‐4‐carboxylic acids are also described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Digital Integrated Circuit Testing from a Quality Perspective (1993)

Preface. Part One: Pharyngolaryngectomy: reconstruction by myocutaneous flaps Pharyngolaryngectomy: reconstruction by free jejunal transfer with microvascular anastomosis Pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy: reconstruction by colonic transposition Pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy: reconstruction by gastric transposition Repair of oral and pharyngocutaneous fistulae Endoscopy Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders in head and neck surgical patients (including cricopharyngeal myotomy) Laryngoscopy, microlaryngoscopy and laser surgery Laryngofissure Near-total laryngectomy Total laryngectomy Vertical partial laryngectomy Horizontal partial laryngectomy Surgery for the prevention and treatment of stomal recurrence Surgical methods to aid vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy Surgical management of vocal fold paralysis. Part Two: Nose and sinuses. Lateral rhinotomy External operations on the frontoethmoid sinuses Radical maxillectomy Mid-facial degloving technique (sublabial approach) for nasal and paranasal sinus resection. Part Three: Prosthetics. Prosthetics in head and neck surgery. Part Four: Skull base. Tumours involving the anterior and middle cranial fossae. Part Five: Neck. Functional neck dissection Radical neck dissection Index.
The acute respiratory distress syndrome: fibrosis in the fast lane (1998)

<b>Background:</b> Epidemiological research in the field of soft tissue neck and upper limb disorders has been hampered by the lack of an agreed system of diagnostic classification. In 1997, a United Kingdom workshop agreed consensus definitions for nine of these conditions. From these criteria, an examination schedule was developed and validated in a hospital setting. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the reliability of this schedule in the general population. <b>Methods:</b> Ninety seven adults of working age reporting recent neck or upper limb symptoms were invited to attend for clinical examination consisting of inspection and palpation of the upper limbs, measurement of active and passive ranges of motion, and clinical provocation tests. A doctor and a trained research nurse examined each patient separately, in random order and blinded to each other9s findings. <b>Results:</b> Between observer repeatability of the schedule was generally good, with a median κ coefficient of 0.66 (range 0.21 to 0.93) for each of the specific diagnoses considered. <b>Conclusion:</b> As expected, the repeatability of tests is poorer in the general population than in the hospital clinic, but the Southampton examination schedule is sufficiently reproducible for epidemiological research in the general population.