gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sidereal anisotropy of cosmic rays around 3 x 10 (15) eV observed at a middle north latitude (1985)

The sidereal time variation of cosmic rays (median primary energy : 3 10 to the 15th power eV) is investigated with air shower observations at Akeno, Japan (900 m a.s.l.) which started in September 1981. Air showers are detected by a coincidence requirement on several muon detectors. The result obtained for three years is suggestive of a big semi-diurnal variation (0.37 % in amplitude). On the other hand, the diurnal variation is rather small than the semi-diurnal one. The feature of the sidereal anisotropy supposed from the present result looks quite different from that below 10 to the 14th power eV.
A generalized EM algorithm for 3-D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs priors (1989)

A generalized expectation-maximization (GEM) algorithm is developed for Bayesian reconstruction, based on locally correlated Markov random-field priors in the form of Gibbs functions and on the Poisson data model. For the M-step of the algorithm, a form of coordinate gradient ascent is derived. The algorithm reduces to the EM maximum-likelihood algorithm as the Markov random-field prior tends towards a uniform distribution. Three different Gibbs function priors are examined. Reconstructions of 3-D images obtained from the Poisson model of single-photon-emission computed tomography are presented.
The <i>ATE</i> Genes Are Responsible for Repression of Transdifferentiation into Xylem Cells in Arabidopsis (2004)

We isolated three recessive mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showing ectopic expression of the xylem-specific marker, pAtxyn3::YFP. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotypes were caused by mutations in three different genes, designated Abnormal Tracheary Element formation-related gene expression (ate1-3). The ate1 mutants showed a normal DR5::GUS gene expression pattern, and the ate1 mutation did not affect the abnormal vascular pattern formation in the van3 and pin1 mutants, indicating that the ate1 mutation does not affect the vascular pattern organization governed by auxin. The ate mutants showed ectopic lignin deposition, patterned secondary wall thickenings, and cell death, which are characteristic of mature tracheary elements (TEs) in cells ectopically expressing the pAtxyn3::YFP gene. Ectopic TE formation was rapidly induced in parenchymal tissue of the ate mutants in a TE-inducible system with excised hypocotyl. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that the expression of TE formation-related genes is up-regulated in the ate mutants. The ate1 mutation also caused ectopic expression of another xylem-specific marker gene, pAt3g62160::YFP. Overall, our results suggest that the ATE genes are responsible for the in situ repression of transdifferentiation into TEs in Arabidopsis and could be participants in the transdifferentiation-masking system.
Recent Status of Trochoidal Type Compressors for Heat Pumps in Germany (1986)

The developm ent of trochoid al type heat pump compressors will be discussed .Evaluatin g the theoretic al design paramete rs advantage s and disadvan tages of various principa l versions of those machines will be considere d in detail.Based on this consider ation the hardware developmen t of some trochoid al type compress ors will be described as has been made in various German companie s.Finally the design of the 1 : 2 version will be presented and test results will be dealt with.Resulting from this evaluatio n, conclusio ns regarding the recent status of trochoida l compress ors will be drawn as far as the behaviou r in heat pump applicati on is concerned .
Impact of signal-to-noise on functional MRI (2000)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has recently been adopted as an investigational tool in the field of neuroscience. The signal changes induced by brain activations are small ( approximately 1-2%) at 1.5T. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the time series used to calculate the functional maps is critical. In this study, the minimum SNR required to detect an expected MR signal change is determined using computer simulations for typical fMRI experimental designs. These SNR results are independent of manufacturer, site environment, field strength, coil type, or type of cognitive task used. Sensitivity maps depicting the minimum detectable signal change can be constructed. These sensitivity maps can be used as a mask of the activation map to help remove false positive activations as well as identify regions of the brain where it is not possible to confidently reject the null hypothesis due to a low SNR.
Evaluation of the Mobile Medical Monitor (M3) in a field environment (2002)

The delivery of state-of-the-art medical care to deployed forces continues to be a top priority for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. To support this priority, the Navy assembled a suite of clinical sensors and accompanying administrative and communications software in a rugged mobile modular computer unit for field use. The 1/sup st/ Medical Battalion, Camp Pendleton, San Diego, CA participated in field testing of the Mobile Medical Monitor (M3) unit. The users commented that the clinical sensors worked well and allowed for easy storage of data, but that the M3 should allow for multiple patients to be monitored by a single computer and should include a relational database. Future development of the system will incorporate the user recommendations.
LIBS-Based Detection of Antioxidant Elements: A New Strategy (2009)

The present study deals with the scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits on diabetes-induced oxidative stress of diabetic rats. The most effective dose of mg/kg bw of fruit aqueous extract was given orally to diabetic rats for 30 days. Different oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in various tissues of control and treated diabetic rats. The observed elevated level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) comes down significantly (p < 0.05) and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) got increased (p < 0.05) significantly of diabetic rats on extract treatment. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used as an analytical tool to detect major and minor elements like Mg, Fe, Na, K, Zn, Ca, H, O, C, and N present in the extract. The higher concentration of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Fe(2+), as reflected by their intensities are responsible for antioxidant potential of T. dioica.
Conceptual design of quadriso particles with europium burnable absorber in HTRS. (2010)

In High Temperature Reactors, burnable absorbers are utilized to manage the excess reactivity at the early stage of the fuel cycle. In this study QUADRISO particles are proposed to manage the initial xcess reactivity of High Temperature Reactors. The QUADRISO concept synergistically couples the decrease of the burnable poison with the decrease of the fissile materials at the fuel particle level. This echanism is set up by introducing a burnable poison layer around the fuel kernel in ordinary TRISO particles or by mixing the burnable poison with any of the TRISO coated layers. At the beginning of life, the nitial excess reactivity is small because some neutrons are absorbed in the burnable poison and they are prevented from entering the fuel kernel. At the end of life, when the absorber is almost depleted, ore eutrons stream into the fuel kernel of QUADRISO particles causing fission reactions. The mechanism has been applied to a prismatic High Temperature Reactor with europium or erbium burnable absorbers, showing a significant reduction in the initial excess reactivity of the core.
Cognate peptide-receptor ligand mapping by directed phage display. (2005)

This approach is a useful alternative to conventional methods such as screening of overlapping synthetic peptide libraries or gene fragment expression libraries when searching for precise peptide protein interactions, and may be applied to functional proteomics.
Utilization of modified surfactant-associated protein B for delivery of DNA to airway cells in culture. (1994)

Pulmonary surfactant lines the airway epithelium and creates a potential barrier to successful transfection of the epithelium in vivo. Based on the functional properties of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) and the fact that this protein is neither toxic nor immunogenic in the airway, we hypothesized that SP-B could be modified to deliver DNA to airway cells. We have modified native bovine SP-B by the covalent linkage of poly(lysine) (average molecular mass of 3.3 or 10 kDa) to the N terminus of SP-B and formed complexes between a test plasmid and the modified SP-B. Transfection efficiency was determined by transfection of pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells (H441) in culture with the test plasmid pCPA-RSV followed by measurement of activity of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Transfections were performed with DNA.protein complexes using poly(lysine)10kDa-SP-B ([Lys]10kDa-SP-B) or poly(lysine)3.3kDa-SP-B ([Lys]3.3kDa-SP-B), and results were compared with transfections using unmodified poly(lysine).DNA, unmodified SP-B.DNA, or DNA only. For [Lys]10kDa-SP-B.pCPA-RSV preparations, CAT activity was readily detectable above the background of [Lys]3.3kDa-SP-B or unmodified SP-B. The SP-B-poly(lysine) conjugates were effective over a broad range of protein-to-DNA molar ratios, although they were optimal at approximately 500:1-1000:1. Transfection efficiency varied with the tested cell line but was not specific to airway cells. Addition of replication-defective adenovirus to the [Lys]10kDa-SP-B.pCPA-RSV complex enhanced CAT activity about 30-fold with respect to that produced by the [Lys]10kDa-SP-B.pCPA-RSV complex alone. This increase suggests routing of the adenoviral.[Lys]10kDa-SP-B.pCPA-RSV complex through an endosomal pathway. Effects of covalent modification on the secondary structure of SP-B were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Results of FTIR indicated that the conformation of [Lys]10kDa-SP-B was comprised primarily of alpha-helical structure compared with a predominantly aggregated structure of unmodified poly(lysine). We conclude that poly(lysine) conjugates of SP-B effectively deliver DNA in vitro and may have utility as DNA delivery vehicles to the airway in vivo.
Influence of the anisotropy on zero-group velocity Lamb modes (2009)

Guided waves in a free isotropic plate (symmetric S(n) and antisymmetric A(n) Lamb modes) exhibit a resonant behavior at frequencies where their group velocity vanishes while their phase velocity remains finite. Previous studies of this phenomenon were limited to isotropic materials. In this paper, the optical generation and detection of these zero-group velocity (ZGV) Lamb modes in an anisotropic plate is investigated. With a circular laser source, multiple local resonances were observed on a silicon wafer. Experiments performed with a line source demonstrated that the frequency and the amplitude of these resonances depend on the line orientation. A comparison between experimental and theoretical dispersion curves for waves propagating along the [100] and [110] directions of the silicon crystal verified that these resonances occur at the minimum frequency of the S(1) and A(2) Lamb modes. Simulations indicated that it is possible to deduce the three elastic constants of the plate material with good accuracy from these measurements.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Triazenide Salts (2006)

Stable triethylammonium triazenide salts were obtained on treatment of the appropriate triazenes with triethylamine. Those salts are described and fully characterized for the first time and are used for the preparation of alkoxycarbonylvinyltriethylammonium triazenides, which are prone to transesterification.
Simplified process for the production of antieCD19-CAReengineered T cells (2013)

AbstractBackground aims. Adoptive immunotherapy with the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells speciﬁc forCD19hasshownpromisingresultsforthetreatmentofB-celllymphomasandleukemia.Thistherapyinvolvesthetransductionof autologous T cells with a viral vector and the subsequent cell expansion. We describe a new, simpliﬁed method to produceantieCD19-CARTcells. Methods. Tcellswereisolatedfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcell(PBMC)withanti-CD3/anti-CD28 paramagnetic beads. After 2 days, the T cells were added to culture bags pre-treated with RetroNectin and loaded withtheretroviralanti-CD19CARvector.Thecells,beadsandvectorwere incubatedfor24h,anda secondtransductionwasthenperformed. No spinoculation was used. Cells were then expanded for an additional 9 days. Results. The method was validatedthroughtheuseoftwoPBMCproductsfromapatientwithB-cellchroniclymphoblasticleukemiaandonePBMCproductfroma healthy subject. The two PBMC products from the patient with B-cell chronic lymphoblastic leukemia contained 11.4% and12.9% T cells. The manufacturing process led to ﬁnal products highly enriched in T cells with a mean CD3þ cell content of98%,ameanexpansionof10.6-foldandameantransductionefﬁciencyof68%.SimilarresultswereobtainedfromthePBMCsof the ﬁrst four patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at our institution. Conclusions. We developed a simpliﬁed,semi-closed system for the initial selection, activation, transduction and expansion of T cells with the use of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads and bags to produce autologous anti-CD19 CARetransduced T cells to support an ongoing clinical trial.Key Words: adoptive cellular immunotherapy, CD19 antigen, genetic engineering, genetic transduction, precursor cell lymphoblasticleukemia-lymphoma
Human resource management expert systems technology (1994)

Abstract: This paper provides human resource managers with important guidelines when applying expert systems to human resource domains, by reviewing system characteristics, potential benefits and limitations, and appropriate domains to be selected, based on the literature. Structural and procedural aspects of expert systems development in human resource management (represented by a wheel model) and problem descriptions of each expert system respectively are important research results in this paper. We also show semantic networks or semantic nets used for a knowledge representation methodology on such major human resource management activities as human resource planning, recruiting, compensation and labor‐management relations. Knowledge representation is a key component in the development stages of expert systems.
Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nicarbazin in Chicken Tissue (1992)

Abstract This method outlines the necessary steps for the isolation and determination of the drug nicarbazin in chicken liver and muscle tissue. Tissue samples were blended with octadecylsilyl-derivatized silica packing material (C18). A column made from the C18-tissue matrix is first washed with hexane, and then the 4,4-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) portion of the nicarbazin complex is eluted with acetonitrile. After further cleanup using alumina cartridge chromatography, DNC is determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 340 nm. Recoveries based on DNC were 95.8 and 83.7% from liver and muscle tissues, respectively. This method and a classical ethyl acetate extraction method gave comparable results on 4 chicken liver and 3 muscle samples that contained incurred nicarbazin residues. C18 sorbents from different manufacturers as well as lipophilic sorbents other than ds were also studied. The proposed extraction and cleanup procedure requires less than 30 mL solvent, fewer sample manipulations, and does not require solvent partitioning or backwashing of extracts. This combination of characteristics makes this method more attractive than classical isolation procedures for nicarbazin.
Potential revenue from electrical energy storage in the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) (2014)

This paper outlines the calculations required to estimate the maximum potential revenue from participation in arbitrage and regulation in day-ahead markets using linear programming. Then, we use historical Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) data from 2011-2012 to evaluate the maximum potential revenue from a hypothetical 32 MWh, 8 MW system. We investigate the maximum potential revenue from two different scenarios: arbitrage only and arbitrage combined with regulation. Our analysis shows that, with perfect foresight, participation in the regulation market would have produced more than twice the revenue compared to arbitrage in the ERCOT market in 2011 and 2012. Three simple trading strategies that do not rely on perfect knowledge are then compared to the optimization results.
Chemical Hybridizing Agents for Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.):  Leads from QSAR Analysis of Ethyl Oxanilates and Pyridones (2006)

In the self-pollinated crops such as chickpea, induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) facilitating "two-line" approach holds immense potential in heterosis breeding. A total of 40 test CHAs comprising 20 ethyl oxanilates and 20 pyridones were screened as potential CHAs on chickpea (variety BG 1088) at 500, 800, and 1000 ppm. Three test compounds mostly having either F (4)/Br (5)/CF(3) (19) at the para position of the aryl ring from a pool of 20 ethyl oxanilates were identified as the most potent CHAs causing >or=99% induction of pollen sterility and >90% total flower sterility at 1000-ppm test concentration. Among pyridone derivatives, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-carbethoxy-4,6-dimethyl, 1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one (26) was found to be the most active. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has revealed a direct involvement of Swain-Lupton field constant, F(p), with the target bioactivity which implied that field rather than resonance effect (R) had a positive effect on the activity. The real guiding principle for selectivity was found out to be the hydrophobic parameter pi value. The QSAR models indicated that increased steric bulk at the 4-position on the phenyl ring is associated with enhanced activity. The CHAs appeared to act by mimicking UDP-glucose, the key substrate in the synthesis of callose, or lead to an imbalance in acid-base equilibrium in pollen mother cells resulting in dissolution of callose wall by premature callase secretion.
Dual output three-level boost power factor correction converter with unbalanced loads (2002)

In this paper, a control strategy for three-level boost power factor correction converter with fully regulated two outputs is proposed. Beyond two outputs which are completely regulated, a switching logic law is established to minimize the input current ripple. Besides the features of the three-level boost power converter already known, the proposed approach has the advantage of regulating two output voltages for unbalanced loads, guaranteeing voltage sharing across the semiconductor device independent of the load, based on a Lyapunov-like technique. The robustness of the feedback control system is investigated, and experimental results are reported.
Mechanical and Psychophysical Studies of Surface Wave Propagation during Vibrotactile Stimulation (2013)

Tactile displays are often used to present spatial cues about the environment, although the optimal configuration of a display used for spatial cuing is not known. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize the properties of surface waves induced by vibrotactile stimulation and to determine if the propagation of surface waves was a factor influencing the ability to localize a point of stimulation in a tactile display. Three sites on the body were tested: the palm of the hand, the forearm, and the thigh. An accelerometer array was fabricated and used to measure the surface waves. The results indicated that there were significant differences between glabrous and hairy skin in terms of the frequency and amplitude of oscillation of the motor. Analyses of the motion of the surface waves across the skin indicated that they were markedly attenuated at 8 mm from the motor, but even at 24 mm the amplitude was still above perceptual threshold. The localization experiment indicated that subjects were much better at identifying the site of stimulation on the palm as compared to the forearm and thigh, and that the latter two sites were not significantly different.
Separations Research at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2000)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is investigating new separations materials and processes for removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic metals from wastesteams and industrial process streams. Research applying membrane-based pervaporation to recovery of VOCs from surfactant-containing solutions has yielded results indicating that existing models for predicting required membrane surface area underestimate VOC flux across the membrane. Other research evaluated the new application of a modified commercial vibratory membrane for pervaporative removal of VOC. A software program is also being developed in NRMRL to predict pervaporation performance of commercial and research membranes for a variety of VOCs and user-selected conditions. In metals recovery research, NRMRL has targeted the metals copper, lead, nickel, and recently, mercury. Development of novel ion exchange and adsorbents for these metals and utilization of newer processes such as electrochemical ion exchange and adsorption are being investigated for some of them. Industrial streams of interest are those from metal finishing and electronics for copper, nickel and lead and from boilers, incinerators, and medical facilities for mercury.
Optimized transition between coplanar waveguide and the microstrip electrode of polymer electrode‐optic modulators (1997)

The characterization of transitions between the coplanar waveguide (CPW) input/output terminals and the microstrip traveling-wave electrode of wide-bandwidth, cross-linked polymer electrode-optic modulators is presented. The transitions employ linear, exponential, cosine-squared, parabolic, power, and Gaussian tapered coplanar waveguides (TCPW) fabricated on a vertical stacked polymer structure of organic nonlinear optical (NLO) U9020D cladding layer, thermally NLO chromophores, and U9020D. Results of RF loss measurements of the microstrip electrode of each candidate taper are reported. It is shown that the cosine-squared taper yields an lower insertion loss of 1.8 dB per transition. The fabrication procedure used to fabricate the transition and optical waveguide is also presented, along with a comparison of the insertion loss before and after the application of a poling field of 30 V/μm. Published 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 16: 283–287, 1997.