gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell‐cycle studies by multiparametric automatic scanning of topographically preserved cells in culture (1989)

The authors have developed a new methodology for characterizing in situ the cell cycle of human mammary epithelial cell lines. Using a SAMBA 200 cell image processor (scanning cytometry), 15 densitometric and textural parameters were computed on each Feulgen-stained nucleus. Parameters computed from the grey level cooccurrence and run-length section matrices allowed assessment of the chromatin pattern. Multiparametric analysis of data defined: 1) the relative position of each cell; 2) the relative positions of groups of cells, each group corresponding to a definite phase of the cell cycle; and 3) the function of these parameters best separating these phases. Files then were constructed for each phase: G0/G1, S, G2/ and M. Using these three files as a reference to classify cells, it was possible to ascertain the phase of the cell cycle for each cell of a population. The MDA AG human cell line synchronized by mitotic selection was used as a model to develop this method. The criteria used to assign cells to G0/G1, S, or G2 was DNA content. Classification in M phase was achieved by visual identification of mitotic cells. This method was checked on unsynchronized MDA AG and then applied to other human cell lines (MDA MB231, MCF-7, T47D C111). Comparison of results obtained by scanning cytometry and flow cytometry showed the proportion of cells assigned to G0/G1, S, and G2/M by the two methods to be similar. This new method removes some of the limitations of flow cytometry by 1) allowing visual verification of each cell analyzed; 2) lowering the number of cells required for study; 3) discriminating between G2 and M; and 4) preserving cell topography.
DAYTIME WATER DETECTION BY FUSING MULTIPLE CUES FOR AUTONOMOUS OFF-ROAD NAVIGATION (2006)

Detecting water hazards is a significant challenge to unmanned ground vehicle autonomous off-road navigation. This paper focuses on detecting the presence of water during the daytime using color cameras. A multi-cue approach is taken. Evidence of the presence of water is generated from color, texture, and the detection of reflections in stereo range data. A rule base for fusing water cues was developed by evaluating detection results from an extensive archive of data collection imagery containing water. This software has been implemented into a run-time passive perception subsystem and tested thus far under Linux on a Pentium based processor.
Palladium-Catalyzed γ-Selective Arylation of Zincated Boc-Allylamines (2014)

The regio- and diastereoselective arylation of Boc-protected allylamines was performed via a one-pot lithiation/transmetalation to zinc/cross-coupling sequence, through an appropriate choice of a phosphine ligand. A variety of γ-arylated products were obtained in moderate to good yield, and the products could be directly transformed into valuable γ-arylamines and β-aryl aldehydes.
Magnetoresistance of symmetric spin valve structures (1994)

A spin valve configuration is presented in which an unpinned ferromagnetic film is separated from exchange-pinned ferromagnetic films on either side by two nonmagnetic spacers, thereby creating a symmetric spin valve structure. The symmetric spin valve is shown to increase the magnetoresistance by 50% over the values of individual spin valves. The increase is attributed to a reduction of spin-independent outer boundary scattering and doubling the number of spin-dependent scattering interfaces. The magnetoresistance and coupling fields of the spin valves that comprise the symmetric structure have been measured as a function of Cu spacer thickness. Oscillatory antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling was observed in standard spin valves, which had /spl Delta/R/R as high as 13%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance evaluation of multilevel polarisation shift keying modulation schemes (1990)

The performance of coherent optical transmission systems using multilevel polarisation modulation is derived in terms of the symbol error probability. Four new multilevel modulation schemes based on equipower signal constellations at the vertices of regular polyhedra inscribed into the Poincaré sphere are proposed. For an increasing number of signals in the constellation, the shot noise performance of these systems show a remarkably less rapid degradation with respect to standard multilevel schemes with an equal number of signals.
Polymeric alloys of polyphosponates and acetyl cellulose. I. Sorption and diffusion of benzene and cyclohexane (1974)

The solubility of benzene in the polymeric alloys (P/A) consisting of polyphosphonates (PPN) and acetyl cellulose (AC) is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that of cyclohexane. The preferential absorption of benzene by P/A membranes is also maintained upon its dilution with cyclohexane, though the solubility of the latter in the P/A membranes is affected by their swelling with benzene. Absolute values of solubilities increase exponentially with increase in the weight fraction of PPN in P/A membranes. They are also affected by the thermal and solvent “history” of a membrane. For the sorption of benzene by a P/A-50 membrane The diffusion coefficients of benzene in the solvent-swollen membranes are strongly concentration dependent and increase exponentially up to ∼10−6 cm2/sec with the increase in the volume fraction of benzene. Values of D0 are of the order of 10−11 to 10−10 cm2/sec. Sorption experiments indicate a pronounced time dependence of the diffusion coefficients. Self-diffusion experiments conducted with 14C-labeled benzene revealed that values of D* derived from the steady-state permeation measurements are in certain membranes much larger than those derived from the “time-lag.” It was observed that the discrepancies between the two sets of values depend strongly upon the thermal “history” of the membranes and vanish when the membranes are swollen to a high degree at elevated temperatures. The above phenomenon is discussed in terms of differences in the membrane structure; a model is proposed. The apparent energy of activation of diffusion of benzene at 10–40°C in the swollen P/A-50 membrane EBD 14.4 kcal/mole was derived from the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficients. For the same temperature range at C(B) → 0, EB = 8.3 kcal/mole was derived from the final slopes of the desorption curves. The small difference between the energies of activation in a swollen and in an unswollen system is due to the fact that at room temperature it remains below Tg even upon extensive swelling with benzene.
The reaction of phenylglyoxal with 2‐aminoalcohols. Rearrangement of 2‐acyloxazolidines to 2‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐oxazines (1996)

Abstract The reactions of phenylglyoxal hydrate with ( R )‐phenylglycinol and with (1 S ,2 R )‐norephedrine were investigated. The expected 2‐benzoyloxazolidines 3 and 2a , respectively are initially formed, and undergo a fast, spontaneous stereospecific rearrangement to the corresponding 2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,4‐oxazines 4 and 5 respectively. The mechanism of this new rearrangement is discussed. The structures and stereochemistry of 4 and 5 were established by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Evolution of systemic therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas, especially in Asian countries. HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This resistance is partly related to its tumor biology, pharmacokinetic properties, and both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. There is no convincing evidence thus far that systemic chemotherapy improves overall survival in advanced HCC patients. Other systemic approaches, such as hormonal therapy and immunotherapy, have also disappointing results. Recently, encouraging results have been shown in using sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients. In this review, we concisely summarize the evolution of developments in the systemic therapy of advanced HCC.
Dehydrooligopeptides. IX. Syntheses and Conversions of α-Dehydroglutamine Derivatives to <i>N</i>-Carboxy-α-dehydroglutamine Anhydride and <i>Δ</i>1-Dehydroglutaminyldipeptides (1988)

Abstract Various kinds of Cbz-α-dehydroglutamine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Cbz-α-dehydroglutamic acids with a few primary amines, including l-α-amino acid ester, and subsequently transformed to N-carboxy-α-dehydroglutamine anhydride and several Δ1-dehydroglutaminyldipeptides.
The Health Beliefs, Values, and Practices of Gay Adolescents (1999)

Barriers to optimal health in the gay adolescent population include a lack of recognition or acceptance by healthcare providers, homophobic attitudes, and an absence of awareness regarding the healthcare needs of this vulnerable population. The literature suggests that gay youths experience such problems as lack of self-esteem, school truancy and dropout, runaway behavior and subsequent homelessness, drug and alcohol abuse, prostitution and sexually transmitted diseases, depression, and suicide. Advanced practice nurses have the opportunity to improve the health of gay youths through recognition, education, outreach, and advocacy.
Living with two extremes: Conclusions from the genome sequence of <i>Natronomonas pharaonis</i> (2005)

Natronomonas pharaonis is an extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that was isolated from salt-saturated lakes of pH 11. We sequenced its 2.6-Mb GC-rich chromosome and two plasmids (131 and 23 kb). Genome analysis suggests that it is adapted to cope with severe ammonia and heavy metal deficiencies that arise at high pH values. A high degree of nutritional self-sufficiency was predicted and confirmed by growth in a minimal medium containing leucine but no other amino acids or vitamins. Genes for a complex III analog of the respiratory chain could not be identified in the N. pharaonis genome, but respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were experimentally proven. These studies identified protons as coupling ion between respiratory chain and ATP synthase, in contrast to other alkaliphiles using sodium instead. Secretome analysis predicts many extracellular proteins with alkaline-resistant lipid anchors, which are predominantly exported through the twin-arginine pathway. In addition, a variety of glycosylated cell surface proteins probably form a protective complex cell envelope. N. pharaonis is fully equipped with archaeal signal transduction and motility genes. Several receptors/transducers signaling to the flagellar motor display novel domain architectures. Clusters of signal transduction genes are rearranged in haloarchaeal genomes, whereas those involved in information processing or energy metabolism show a highly conserved gene order.
Influence of Variation in Jaw Posture on Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Electromyographic Activity (1995)

This study was conducted in order to determine the influence of variation in the occlusal contacts on electromyographic (EMG) cervical activity in 20 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction. EMG recordings during maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing surface electrodes on the left sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles in the following conditions: intercuspal position; edge to edge left laterotrusive contacts (ipsilateral); edge to edge right laterotrusive contacts (contralateral); edge to edge protrusive contacts; and retrusive occlusal contacts. A significant higher EMG activity was recorded in both muscles during maximal voluntary clenching in retrusive occlusal contact position, whereas no significant differences in EMG activity were observed between intercuspal position, ipsilateral, contralateral and protrusive contact positions. The EMG pattern observed suggests that a more frequent intensity and duration of tooth clenching in retrusive occlusal contact position could result in more clinical symptomatology in these cervical muscles in patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction.
9‐Methyl‐β‐carboline‐induced cognitive enhancement is associated with elevated hippocampal dopamine levels and dendritic and synaptic proliferation (2012)

β-Carbolines (BCs) belong to the heterogenous family of carbolines, which have been found exogenously, that is, in various fruits, meats, tobacco smoke, alcohol and coffee, but also endogenously, that is, blood, brain and CSF. These exogenous and endogenous BCs and some of their metabolites can exert neurotoxic effects, however, an unexpected stimulatory effect of 9-methyl-β-carboline (9-me-BC) on dopaminergic neurons in primary mesencephalic cultures was recently discovered. The aim of the present study was to extend our knowledge on the stimulatory effects of 9-me-BC and to test the hypothesis that 9-me-BC may act as a cognitive enhancer. We found that 10 days (but not 5 days) of pharmacological treatment with 9-me-BC (i) improves spatial learning in the radial maze, (ii) elevates dopamine levels in the hippocampal formation, and (iii) results after 10 days of treatment in elongated, more complex dendritic trees and higher spine numbers on granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of 9-me-BC-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that beyond its neuroprotective/neurorestorative and anti-inflammatory effects, 9-me-BC acts as a cognitive enhancer in a hippocampus-dependent task, and that the behavioral effects may be associated with a stimulatory impact on hippocampal dopamine levels and dendritic and synaptic proliferation.
Dark-field high-transmission chromeless lithography (2003)

Dark field (i.e. hole and trench layer) lithographic capability is lagging that of bright field. The most common dark field solution utilizes a biased-up, standard 6% attenuated phase shift mask (PSM) with an under-exposure technique to eliminate side lobes. However, this method produces large optical proximity effects and fails to address the huge mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) associated with dark field layers. It also neglects to provide a dark field lithographic solution beyond the 130nm technology node, which must serve two purposes: 1) to increase resolution without reducing depth of focus, and 2) to reduce the MEEF. Previous studies have shown that by increasing the background transmission in dark field applications, a corresponding decrease in the MEEF was observed. Nevertheless, this technique creates background leakage problems not easily solved without an effective opaqueing scheme. This paper will demonstrate the advantages of high transmission lithography with various approaches. By using chromeless dark field scattering bars around contacts for image contrast and chromeless diffraction gratings in the background, high transmission dark field lithography is made possible. This novel layout strategy combined with a new, very high transmission attenuating layer provides a dark field PSM solution that extends 248nm lithography capabilities beyond what was previously anticipated. It is also more manufacturing-friendly in the mask operation due to the absence of tri-tone array features.
Steplike Transmission of Light through a Metal-Dielectric Multilayer Structure due to an Intensity-Dependent Sign of the Effective Dielectric Constant (2007)

We numerically study light propagation through a specially designed nonlinear nanoscale metal-dielectric multilayer structure with a linear effective dielectric constant just below zero. The calculated dependence of the output intensity on the input intensity shows a steplike behavior. It rests upon an intensity-dependent change of the effective dielectric constant from negative (low-transmission state) to positive (high-transmission state) values, corresponding to a transition of the optical properties from metalliclike to dielectriclike. The study of the transient behavior of the structure demonstrates a switching time of around 1 ps.
A Flow-Network Model for Predicting Rack Cooling in Containment Systems (2009)

With row-based cooling systems, cooling units are placed directly in the row with the heat dissipating IT equipment racks. The cooling units are of similar dimensions to a standard IT rack but are oriented in the opposite direction relative to airflow. In order to achieve higher efficiencies and greater separation from the surrounding data center, air containment structures (plenums) are sometimes added to the entire row — on the rear and, potentially, the front side of the racks. This paper presents the development of a non-linear flow network model for predicting rack cooling performance in real time for such applications. Experimental work was performed to characterize the various leakage paths through IT racks and the containment systems in order to provide input data to the model. The Capture Index (CI) cooling performance metric is computed for each rack. Finally, flow network results are shown to be in good agreement with those from CFD.
Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel (2004)

Vitamin C (l-ascorbate) is present in the respiratory lining fluid of human lungs, and local deficits occur during oxidative stress. Here we report a unique function of vitamin C on the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-dependent Cl channel that regulates epithelial surface fluid secretion. Vitamin C (100 microM) induced the openings of CFTR Cl channels by increasing its average open probability from 0 to 0.21 +/- 0.08, without a detectable increase in intracellular cAMP levels. Exposure of the apical airway surface to vitamin C stimulated the transepithelial Cl secretion to 68% of forskolin-stimulated currents. The average half-maximal stimulatory constant was 36.5 +/- 2.9 microM, which corresponds to physiological concentrations. When vitamin C was instilled into the nasal epithelium of human subjects, it effectively activated Cl transport in vivo. In CF epithelia, previous treatment of the underlying trafficking defect with trimethylamine oxide or expression of WT CFTR restored the activation of Cl transport by vitamin C. Sodium dependency and phloretin sensitivity, as well as the expression of transcripts for sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT)-1 and SVCT2, support a model in which an apical vitamin C transporter is central for relaying the effect of vitamin C to CFTR. We conclude that cellular vitamin C is a biological regulator of CFTR-mediated Cl secretion in epithelia. The pool of vitamin C in the respiratory tract represents a potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical target for the complementary treatment of sticky airway secretions by enhancing epithelial fluid secretion.
A few lines of code, thousands of cores: High-level FPGA programming using vector processor networks (2011)

MORA-C++ is a novel, high-efficiency FPGA dataflow programming framework. The framework, which consists of a compile-time configurable network of Vectorized Processors-in-Memory (PIM) cores, is programmed using a high-level C++ API. In this paper we present our work on support for vectorized cores and variable-size data path widths. Measurement results on our implementation for the SGI RC-100 platform show that, by instantiating over a thousand customized cores, the MORA-C++ framework can achieve throughputs very close to the I/O bandwidth of the system for a high-performance DCT application.
Design and optimization of aberration and error invariant space telescope systems (2004)

Telescope performance is often limited by aberrations, and/or fabrication and alignment errors. Additionally, image formation in large space-based systems is sensitive to changes in physical form parameters such as temperature-related deformations, mirror structure, piston position and detector alignment. Changes in these parameters significantly degrade image quality and often limit the performance of the system. A fundamental new technology called Wavefront Coding has been successfully demonstrated via simulations for large space-based imaging systems that promise to surpass the performance attained by traditional optical designs. Wavefront Coding uses specialized aspheric optics and signal processing of the detected image to correct defocus-like aberrations thereby enabling a new paradigm in aberration balancing for telescope systems. Wavefront Coding can provide dramatic new mission capabilities by allowing space-based imaging systems that are simpler, lighter, and cheaper, while also providing high quality imagery in dynamic environments that are difficult or impossible to image in with traditional imaging systems. As an example two systems are presented that allow the telescope to repoint the boresight through the actuation of the primary segments or through the use of a scan mirror. Traditional systems with the same goal of repointing the boresight historically have not been feasible due to either the increased error space or due to constraints on system cost and complexity.
Thermal degradation of cyano containing ionic liquids (2006)

The long term thermal stability of ionic liquids containing dicyanamide or tricyanomethide anions is significantly lower than might be expected from temperature ramped TGA studies, and these anions, combined with N-based cations, yield polymeric products during thermal decomposition. Operational upper temperature limits for extended heating have been determined from isothermal decomposition measurements and extraction of t0.99 values, and a simple relationship between onset of decomposition (determined by non-zero 1st derivative) and T0.01/10 (the temperature at which 1% decomposition occurs in 10 h) is derived.
Enhancement of waveguide model for propagation‐loss prediction in tunnels (2001)

For microcellular system design, we have enhanced a well-known waveguide model for propagation-loss prediction along an LOS propagation path in a tunnel. It is reported in this letter. The enhancement involves a more accurate calculation of the tilt loss, the distinction of the two propagation regions, and the suggestion of using the free-space model for one region and the waveguide model for the other. The enhancement is demonstrated with examples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 10–12, 2001.
Barium ion-selective electrode based on a neutral carrier complex (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBarium ion-selective electrode based on a neutral carrier complexRobert J. LevinsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 8, 1544Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60316a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60316a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts