gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human regulatory T cells against minor histocompatibility antigens: ex vivo expansion for prevention of graft-versus-host disease (2013)

Alloreactive donor T cells against host minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings. We sought to identify and expand regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) specific for human mHAs in numbers and potency adequate for clinical testing. Purified Tregs from normal donors were stimulated by dendritic cells (DCs) from their HLA-matched siblings in the presence of interleukin 2, interleukin 15, and rapamycin. Male-specific Treg clones against H-Y antigens DBY, UTY, or DFFRY-2 suppressed conventional CD4 T cell (Tconv) response to the specific antigen. In the blood of 16 donors, we found a 24-fold (range, 8-fold to 39-fold) excess Tconvs over Tregs reactive against sibling mHAs. We expanded mHA-specific Tregs from 4 blood samples and 4 leukaphereses by 155- to 405-fold. Cultured Tregs produced allospecific suppression, maintained demethylation of the Treg-specific Foxp3 gene promoter, Foxp3 expression, and transforming growth factor β production. The rare CD4 T conv and CD8 T cells in the end product were anergic. This is the first report of detection and expansion of potent mHA-specific Tregs from HLA-matched siblings in sufficient numbers for application in human transplant trials.
Metabolome in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a general population-based study (2011)

Our findings suggest that specific metabolic abnormalities related to glucoregulatory processes and proline metabolism are specifically associated with schizophrenia and reflect two different disease-related pathways. Metabolomics, which is sensitive to both genetic and environmental variation, may become a powerful tool in psychiatric research to investigate disease susceptibility, clinical course, and treatment response.
Investigations on porous silicon as electrode material in electrochemical capacitors (2007)

Abstract In this study, we have demonstrated the possibility of using macroporous silicon electrodes in electrochemical capacitors. Macroporous silicon was used to increase the surface exchange between pore surface and electrolyte. The inherent resistivity of the porous silicon can be reduced through the use of subsequent doping and metallization processes of the macropore surface. A systematic study of the electrolyte concentration and the porous silicon depth influences was also performed. A unit cell capacitance value of 320 µF/cm 2 was obtained with doped and metallized p‐type macroporous silicon electrodes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
News (2002)

AAPAP AFFILIATION; 2002 MEDIA AWARDS
Asia, the dominant future market for mobile-satellite communications (2002)

An algorithm for predicting the traffic capacity in terms of the number of subscribers for the satellite component of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is presented. This algorithm makes use of worldwide databases for demographic and economic data. It takes into account the take-up characteristics of new products, the growth of gross domestic product (GDP), the projection of population, the tariff of the service and price fall over the forecast period. The predicted results show that Asia has the biggest potential market for satellite communications.
Waterfall Performance Analysis of Finite-Length LDPC Codes on Symmetric Channels (2009)

An efficient method for analyzing the performance of finite-length low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in the waterfall region, when transmission takes place on a memoryless binary-input output-symmetric channel is proposed. This method is based on studying the variations of the channel quality around its expected value when observed during the transmission of a finite-length codeword. We model these variations with a single parameter. This parameter is then viewed as a random variable and its probability distribution function is obtained. Assuming that a decoding failure is the result of an observed channel worse than the codeiquests decoding threshold, the block error probability of finite-length LDPC codes under different decoding algorithms is estimated. Using an extrinsic information transfer chart analysis, the bit error probability is obtained from the block error probability. Different parameters can be used for modeling the channel variations. In this work, two of such parameters are studied. Through examples, it is shown that this method can closely predict the performance of LDPC codes of a few thousand bits or longer in the waterfall region.
Iron Sulfide Removal: A Nonacidic Alternative to Hydrochloric Acid Treatment (2013)

Abstract Iron sulfide scale deposition is a common problem in sour oil and gas wells. Accumulation of iron sulfide in the production tubing causes reduction of well deliverability. Conventional chemical means to remove Iron sulfide scale usually involve hydrochloric acid and other mineral acids. The composition and crystalline structure of iron sulfide scales varies significantly. Although iron disulfide (FeS2), which is found in the minerals such as marcasite and pyrite, is not soluble in acid, pyrrhotite (Fe7S8) has a high solubility in hydrochloric acid. Therefore, although hydrochloric acid and other acids can be applied to remove iron sulfide scales, their effectiveness in different treatments could be quite different depending on the scale composition. Even in cases where hydrochloric acid could be applied for iron sulfide removal, the applied hydrochloric acid is very corrosive to downhole tubulars especially at high temperatures and high acid concentrations. In the meantime, the generated H2S poses a great threat because of its high toxicity and enhanced corrosion tendency due to the combination of hydrochloride acid and H2S. To overcome the drawbacks of hydrochloric acid treatment, i.e., the risk of H2S evolution and the corrosion tendency in standard carbon steel, an alternative chemical treatment to hydrochloric acid treatment is preferred. This paper illustrates the development of a new chemical treatment solution for iron sulfide removal. This polymer-based system demonstrated high dissolving capacity for iron sulfide scales in neutral or nearly neutral pH environments. Testing related to its performance also has revealed advantages such as low corrosion rate, and low H2S evolution. Additionally, laboratory testing demonstrated this polymer-based system is an effective general purpose stimulation fluid to stimulate carbonate and dolomite formations.
IN VIVO IMAGING OF APOPTOSIS DURING CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION USING RADIOLABELED ANNEXIN V (1998)

304 Introduction We hypothesized that technetium 99m labeled annexin V (TcAV), a new radioactive tracer of apoptotic cell death, can be utilized to monitor cardiac allograft rejection. Annexin V is a human protein that binds to phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that is selectively expressed on the cell surface, during the early stage of apoptosis. Methods Untreated ACI rats served as recipients of heterotopically placed, allogeneic PVG rat, or syngeneic ACI rat cardiac grafts. TcAV was injected i.v. one hour prior to imaging daily after transplantation. Region of interest image analysis was used to quantify uptake of the radiopharmaceutical. Histopathologic analysis and TUNEL staining were performed at each time point after imaging. To investigate uptake of TcAV after treatment of rejection, recipients of allogeneic grafts were treated daily with Cyclosporin A (CSA, oral, 10 mg/kg), starting at day 4, and imaged at day 4, 11 and 18 after transplantation. Results Allogeneic PVG cardiac grafts showed increasing uptake of TcAV days after transplantation in untreated ACI rats(fig.1, fig.3 black), compared to syngeneic hearts (fig.2, fig.3 white). Histopathology showed a correlating increase in rejection grade (P<0.01 for each time point). Apoptotic nuclei were identified by TUNEL staining in myocytes and mononuclear infiltrates of rejecting allogeneic grafts, but not of syngeneic grafts. Palpable contractions of allogeneic grafts ceased at day 7, indicating complete rejection. When CSA treatment was started at day 4, rejection could be reversed, and allogeneic grafts remained functional. Uptake of TcAV in treated animals decreased to levels comparable to syngeneic grafts(fig.4), and correlated with histopatologic resolution of rejection.Conclusion Uptake of TcAV correlates with histopathological grades of acute rejection in cardiac allografts. When rejection is reversed by CSA treatment, uptake decreases to levels comparable to syngeneic grafts. Imaging of apoptosis using radiolabeled annexin V may enable detection of acute cardiac allograft rejection, and may provide a new tool to monitor rejection.
Immobilization and hybridization of DNA in a sugar polyacrylate hydrogel (2005)

Using a non-contact microarrayer, amine-terminated probe oligonucleotides representing 20-, 50-, and 70-mer fragments of the fliC gene were covalently coupled into three-dimensional regions in a "sugar polyacrylate" hydrogel based on poly(6-acryloyl-beta-O-methyl galactopyranoside-co-aminopropyl methacrylamide). The arrayer deposited the solution containing ssDNA probes in discrete regions on the surface of the gel (i.e. as a droplet with a ca. 450 microm diameter), allowing penetration and attachment of the ss DNA within the three dimensional region of the gel. The attachment was mediated by the homobifunctional crosslinker bis-succinimidyl suberate. Confocal microscopy showed the density of attached probe DNA was greatest in the interior-most regions of the gel volume. Target ssDNA (20- and 70-mer) was able to diffuse through the gel and undergo successful hybridization with the probes. For target ssDNA in the concentration range 0.19 microM to 6.0 microM, there was a linear correlation between DNA concentration and the fluorescence of the gel region where hybridization occurred.
Quantitative Prediction of Class I MHC/Epitope Binding Affinity Using QSAR Modeling Derived from Amino Acid Structural Information (2015)

The activation of T cell immune responses, which relies on peptide antigens transported by TAP and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, is recognized by T cell receptors (TCR). The quantitative prediction of MHC-epitope binding affinity can facilitate epitope screening and reduce cost and experimental efforts greatly. In this study, a comprehensive quantitative prediction method of binding affinity was established using quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR) modeling derived from amino acid physicochemical information. Firstly, the epitope was characterized by a set of amino acid physicochemical parameters. Secondly, the structural variables were optimized by the stepwise regression (STR). Finally, the robust quantitative models with were built by multiple linear regressions (MLR) for 31 MHC Class I subtypes. The normalized regression coefficients (NRCs) of QSAR model could demonstrate the mechanism of interaction of MHC, epitope, and TCR very well. The contribution of amino acid at each position of epitope, which was calculated by NRC, could determine which one was favorable for binding affinity or not. Therefore, the quantitative models established by STR-MLR could be used to guide virtual combinational design and high throughout screening of CTL epitope. Besides, they have many advantages, such as definite physiochemical indication, easier calculation and explanation, and good performances.
Effect of Ozonation on Microbial Fish Pathogens, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, and BOD in Simulated Reuse Hatchery Water (1978)

The effectiveness of ozone as a disinfectant of makeup water and its potential for treatment of recycled water in commercial reuse hatcheries was considered in this study. Comparative survival rates in water were established for four bacterial fish pathogens (Aeromonas salmonicida, A. liquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia ruckeri [the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease]), Bacillus polymyxa, and a bacterium–protozoan population during batch and continuous flow ozonation. A specific microbial ozone demand was exerted during batch ozonation, and > 99% mortality of the fish pathogens was observed within 60-s contact during continuous flow exposure at 1.0 and 0.1 mg O 3 /L. Spores of B. polymyxa were resistant to a concentration of 1.0 mg O 3 /L for at least 10 min. The oxidation rate for the combined bacterial–protozoan biomass closely approximated rates established in pure culture studies, with no significant difference in relative survival rates between bacteria and protozoa. Elevated carbon levels did not appear to exert a preferential ozone demand when added to suspensions of test organisms. Oxidation of carbon and nitrite by ozone was rapid at low ozone concentrations, with carbon and ammonia oxidation rates exhibiting pH-dependence. The oxidation capacity of ozone in water was greatest at elevated pH even though the measurable ozone concentration was lower. Key words: ozone, fish pathogens, BOD, nitrite, ammonia, protozoans
A LH2 engine fuel system on board - Cold GH2 injection into two-stroke engine with LH2 pump (1981)

An LH2-tank with a range of 400 km was installed in the rear trunk of a small passenger car in June, 1980. Tests demonstrated the overall feasibility of a hydrogen-fueled car: the tank attained a maximum power 20% to 20% higher than its gasoline counterpart and about twice as high as those of premixed engines. There was no backfire or knocking, and a very low NOx emission level was achieved by injecting -30 to -50 C cold hydrogen gas, pressurized by an LH2-pump, into the two-stroke engine. The LH2-pump was developed by the Musashi Institute of Technology the barrel and the plunger are made of metal and a durable, low friction material, respectively. The plunger clearance was reduced to about 3 microns under operating conditions, thereby making fuel leakage from the plunger clearance negligible. Proper tank pressures were obtained according to the pump speed. The maximum speed of the car was recorded at 135 km/h. Future objectives include the production of an engine with a higher compression ratio through the development of a high pressure pump having a discharge pressure above 6 MPa, and the improvement of the heat insulation performance of the LH2-tank.
Simple fault detection and tolerant scheme in VSI-fed switched reluctance motor (2006)

The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has magnetic independence of the motor phases, so that it can continue to operate despite partial failures occurring in the motor-converter unit. Such inherent fault-tolerant characteristic is useful to the applications requiring high reliability, such as aircraft. However, on occurrence of fault, speed variation and torque ripple increase and it cause problems in applications. Therefore fault-tolerant SRM drive systems improving these problems are of extreme importance. This paper proposes the novel fault detection/isolation scheme using voltage of lower switches in each phase under the occurrence of inverter faults. It has benefit of simple realization and robustness in load/noise. The SRM operating principle with VSI-fed inverter and the proposed fault detection scheme is analyzed in detail. Also the validity of the proposed method is verified by simulation.
DARPA interdomain addressing (panel session, title only) (1985)

No abstract available.
Potential phytotoxicity associated with the use of soil urease inhibitors (1989)

Recent work in our laboratory showed that the adverse effect of urea fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth in soil is due to ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease (NH(2)CONH(2) + H(2)O --> 2NH(3) + CO(2)) and can be eliminated by amending the fertilizer with a small amount of a urease inhibitor such as N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide or phenylphosphorodiamidate. Continuation of this work showed that these inhibitors can induce leaf-tip necrosis in plants. Research to account for this phytotoxicity indicated that it resulted from an accumulation of toxic amounts of urea in plants through inhibition of urease activity by N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide and phenylphosphorodiamidate. Support for this conclusion was provided by experiments showing that these urease inhibitors increased both leaf-tip necrosis and urea concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] plants grown in soils treated with urea and that the necrotic areas of such plants had a much higher concentration of urea than did the nonnecrotic areas. The potential of urease inhibitors for inducing phytotoxicity should not preclude their use to eliminate the adverse effects of urea fertilizers on seed germination and seedling growth in soil because the ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by urease is much more detrimental to plant growth than is the urea accumulation induced by urease inhibitors.
Functionalised graphene sheets as effective high dielectric constant fillers (2011)

A new functionalised graphene sheet (FGS) filled poly(dimethyl)siloxane insulator nanocomposite has been developed with high dielectric constant, making it well suited for applications in flexible electronics. The dielectric permittivity increased tenfold at 10 Hz and 2 wt.% FGS, while preserving low dielectric losses and good mechanical properties. The presence of functional groups on the graphene sheet surface improved the compatibility nanofiller/polymer at the interface, reducing the polarisation process. This study demonstrates that functionalised graphene sheets are ideal nanofillers for the development of new polymer composites with high dielectric constant values.PACS: 78.20.Ci, 72.80.Tm, 62.23.Kn.
Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes (2020)

The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
[Detection of proinflammatory cytokine levels in sera from patients with Kaschin-Beck disease]. (2006)

The elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels in sera may relate to the pathogenesis of Kaschin-Beck disease.
Protein sensing in living cells by molecular rotor-based fluorescence-switchable chemical probes (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a general design to construct fluorescence-switching probes by using conjugates of a fluorescent molecular rotor and protein specific ligands for the selective protein detection and real-time tracking of protein degradation in living cells. Upon the interaction of the ligand with the protein ligand-binding domain, the crowded surroundings restrict the bond rotation of the fluorescent molecular rotor to trigger the emission of a strong fluorescence signal, which is reduced upon the addition of a competitive ligand or after protein degradation. With this probe design, two fluorescent probes for MGMT and hCAII proteins were constructed and applied for detecting the endogenous proteins in living cells. In addition, real-time degradation kinetics of the alkylated-MGMT at the single living cell level were revealed for the first time. We believe that this fluorescence-switching probe design can possibly be extended for the analysis of other proteins, for which there are still no effective tools to visualize them in living cells.
Synthese von <i>cis</i>‐Formen α.β‐ungesättigter Carbonsäuren (1965)

Abstract cis ‐ und trans ‐Formen der Δ 2 ‐Pentadecen‐, Δ 2 ‐Hexadecen‐, Δ 2 ‐Heptadecen‐und Δ 2 ‐Octadecensäure werden aus den Alkin‐(2)‐säuren bzw. aus cis ‐Δ 2 ‐Alkenolen dargestellt. Die beiden Isomeren der Δ 2 ‐Alkensäuren lassen sich gaschromatographisch auf unpolaren Säulen (Apiezon) nicht von den Hauptkomponenten eines natürlichen Fettsäuregemisches unterscheiden, da sie gleiche Retentionsvolumina wie gesättigte oder Δ 9 ‐ungesättigte Carbonsäuren haben. Dagegen ist mit Polyglykolsuccinat als stationäre Phase eine einwandfreie Unterscheidung zu erwarten.
Social phobia : etiology, diagnosis and treatment (2009)

Preface Instruments For The Evaluation Of Social Phobia Animal Models And The Biological Bases Of Shyness: Contributions To The Understanding Of Social Phobia Brain Activation To Phobia-Related Stimuli In Social Phobia Life Events And The Development Of Social Phobia Social Phobia And Alcohol Or Other Psychoactive Substances Abuse: A Co-morbidity Review Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Social Anxiety Predicts Treatment Response Social Phobia In Children And Adolescents The Relationship Between Depression And Impulsivity Temperamental Antecedents Of Social Phobia: The Case Of Behavioral Inhibition Social Anxiety Disorder: Etiology, Diagnosis & Treatment Cognitive- Behavioural And Emotional Work For Patients With Social Phobia Social Phobia And Schizophrenia: A Brief Review Newspaper Advertisement Recruitment Of Subjects With Social Anxiety Disorder And Its Relationship To Taijin-Kyofusho Social Anxiety Secondary To A General Medical Condition Index.
Coding and its application in space communications (1970)

Between 1948-when Shannon first proposed his basic theorems on information theory-and the start of the space age, little practical application developed from the lessons of coding theory. This article presents an overview of the Shannon theorem, interesting practical codes, and their application to the space channel. It turns out that a simple encoder in combination with a decoder of modest complexity placed into an uncoded communications system can increase the data rate by a factor of four or more depending on the coding scheme and the allowable error rate. Use of a convolutional code with sequential decoding has proved to be the outstanding scheme for these applications. It appears that, in the future, coding will find a place in most new digital space communication systems.
Identification of a lymphocyte-activating pentapeptide sequence in the Fc region of human IgG1. (1987)

The synthetic peptide p23, representing residues 335 to 357 in the Fc region of human IgG1, was previously shown to induce Ig secretion in murine spleen cell cultures. In this report, overlapping peptides based on the sequence of p23 were synthesized to further map the active site in this molecule. The results from these studies indicate that leu-pro-pro-ser-arg (residues 351 to 355) retained the B cell differentiation-inducing properties of p23; however, expression of activity by this sequence was markedly influenced by N-flanking sequences. By using T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures, it was determined that at least two signals are required for p23-induced Ig secretion: one supplied by p23 directly and one supplied by a T cell-replacing factor present in p23-conditioned spleen cell supernatants. Both signals were mapped into the sequence leu-pro-pro-ser-arg. However, the latter signal, but not the former signal, again appeared to be influenced by sequences proximal to the active site. These data indicate that although the leu-pro-pro-ser-arg sequence is able to provide both required signals for p23-induced Ig secretion in spleen cell cultures, there may be subtle differences in how the cell types involved in this response interact with and/or are activated by this sequence.