gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODEL REDUCTION FOR FLUIDS, USING BALANCED PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION (2006)

Many of the tools of dynamical systems and control theory have gone largely unused for fluids, because the governing equations are so dynamically complex, both high-dimensional and nonlinear. Model reduction involves finding low-dimensional models that approximate the full high-dimensional dynamics. This paper compares three different methods of model reduction: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), balanced truncation, and a method called balanced POD. Balanced truncation produces better reduced-order models than POD, but is not computationally tractable for very large systems. Balanced POD is a tractable method for computing approximate balanced truncations, that has computational cost similar to that of POD. The method presented here is a variation of existing methods using empirical Gramians, and the main contributions of the present paper are a version of the method of snapshots that allows one to compute balancing transformations directly, without separate reduction of the Gramians; and an output p...
A Cellular, Language Directed Computer Architecture (1979)

If a VLSI computer architecture is to influence the field\nof computing in some major way, it must have attractive properties in all important aspects affecting the design, production, and the use of the resulting computers. A computer architecture that is believed to have such properties is briefly discussed.
Valencia orange fruit size: Affected by the relation of calcium to magnesium as demonstrated by tests with nutrient solutions (1954)

The Valencia orange fruit size problem can not be ascribed to one and the same single cause in all citrus areas.
Differentiation between Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus Using a cDNA Probe (1991)

A plasmid, pG3BS, containing a cDNA clone from the 5' coding region of the peplomer glycoprotein gene appears to be specific for enteric transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) strains and for live-attenuated TGEV vaccines. This cDNA probe is used to differentiate porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) isolates from TGEV field and vaccine strains by a slot blot hybridization assay. Probe pG3BS also hybridizes to canine coronavirus (CCV) RNA but does not hybridize to antigenically related feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) RNA. The RNAs of 13 enteric TGEV isolates from the United States, Japan, and England, 4 US-licensed live-attenuated TGEV vaccines, and antigenically closely related CCV were detected by pG3BS. The RNAs of FIPV and 3 US isolates of PRCV did not react with pG3BS but were detected by a TGEV-derived plasmid, pRP3. Pigs infected with either PRCV or TGEV test serologically positive for TGEV antibody by the serum neutralization test. Characterization of the virus circulating in a swine herd by the pG3BS probe will differentiate between an enteric TGEV and a respiratory PRCV infection.
Cation Effects on Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectra of Cyanide Adsorbed on Pt(111) Electrode in Electrolyte Solutions (1997)

Abstract In-situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of cation effects on the C–N stretching frequency of cyanide ions on Pt(111) electrode in electrolyte solutions. Only a single absorption peak was observed at ca. 2100 cm−1 in solutions containing H3O+, Li+, Na+, K+, or Cs+. In a KClO4 solution (pH = 9.5), a change in slope was observed in the peak frequency–potential curve at ca. −0.5 V vs. the saturated calomel electrode. It was concluded that in the cathodic region in the KClO4 solution, H3O+ dominates the outer Helmholtz plane as a result of cation exchange. In alkaline solutions, the slope for the frequency shift is dependent on the cations in the order K+ &gt; Na+ &gt; Li+ ≈ Cs+. In HClO4, a change in slope was also observed in the peak frequency-potential curve. In a Mg(ClO4)2 solution, three peaks were observed for CN on Pt(111), indicating that factors other than the simple electrochemical Stark effect must be considered for interpreting the influence of this strongly adsorbed cation.
Minimizing Illumination Differences for 3D to 2D Face Recognition Using Lighting Maps (2014)

Asymmetric 3D to 2D face recognition has gained attention from the research community since the real-world application of 3D to 3D recognition is limited by the unavailability of inexpensive 3D data acquisition equipment. A 3D to 2D face recognition system explicitly relies on 3D facial data to account for uncontrolled image conditions related to head pose or illumination. We build upon such a system, which matches relit gallery textures with pose-normalized probe images, using the gallery facial meshes. The relighting process, however, is based on an assumption of indoor lighting conditions and limits recognition performance on outdoor images. In this paper, we propose a novel method for minimizing illumination difference by unlighting a 3D face texture via albedo estimation using lighting maps. The algorithm is evaluated on challenging databases (UHDB30, UHDB11, FRGC v2.0) with drastic lighting and pose variations. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of our method for estimating the albedo from both indoor and outdoor captured images, and the effectiveness and efficiency for illumination normalization in face recognition.
Experimental investigation of thermal crosstalk in a distributed feedback laser array (1991)

Thermal crosstalk between lasers in a distributed feedback laser array has been investigated by measuring the oscillating-wavelength shift. Between closely situated lasers, thermal crosstalk due to lateral heat spreading decreases proportionally to the inverse of the laser distance. Thermal crosstalk due to heating in the heat sink and stem becomes dominant between relatively distant ( approximately 300 mu m) lasers. A diamond heat sink reduces thermal crosstalk to about 1/3 compared to a silicon heat sink.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessing School Climate Priorities: A Texas Study (1996)

(1996). Assessing School Climate Priorities: A Texas Study. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 64-66.
Formation of Various Morphologies of Covellite Copper Sulfide Submicron Crystals by a Hydrothermal Method without Surfactant (2005)

Covellite copper sulfide submicron crystals in the shapes of ball-like, rodlike, and chrysanthemum-like architectures congregated from nanoslices with thickness of 20 to 100 nm have been prepared by a hydrothermal method without using any surfactant and characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), UV−vis optical absorption spectra, and electron-microscopy techniques. A systematic investigation has been carried out to understand the factors influencing the evolution of the crystal morphology which was found to be predominant by the reactant molar ratio (Tu:Cu(NO3)2, Tu = thiourea), the hydrothermal reaction time, and the temperature. Possible crystal growth processes are also discussed.
Hydrolytic elimination of a mutagenic nucleotide, 8-oxodGTP, by human 18-kilodalton protein: sanitization of nucleotide pool. (1992)

8-Oxoguanine nucleotide can pair with cytosine and adenine nucleotides at almost equal efficiencies. Once 8-oxodGTP is formed in the cellular nucleotide pool, this mutagenic nucleotide is incorporated into DNA and would cause transversion mutations. The MutT protein of Escherichia coli possesses enzyme activity to hydrolyze 8-oxodGTP to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphate and thus may be responsible for preventing the occurrence of such mutations. Here we show that the human cell has an enzyme specifically hydrolyzing 8-oxodGTP in a fashion similar to that seen with MutT protein. The human 8-oxodGTPase has been found in cell-free extracts from Jurkat cells and purified > 400-fold. Analyses by gel filtration and gel electrophoresis revealed that the molecular mass of the native form of human 8-oxodGTPase is 18 kDa. Mg2+ ion is required for the enzyme action and the optimum pH for the reaction is pH 8.0. The enzyme hydrolyzes 8-oxodGTP to 8-oxodGMP with a Km value of 12.5 microM. dGTP and dATP are also degraded to dGMP and dAMP, respectively, with Km values 70 times greater than that for 8-oxodGTP. dTTP and dCTP are not hydrolyzed. These properties of the human 8-oxodGTPase are similar to those observed with the E. coli MutT protein, suggesting that the function of protecting the genetic information from the threat of endogenous oxygen radicals is widely distributed in organisms.
Identification of the gene lon (capR) product as a 94-kilodalton polypeptide by cloning and deletion analysis (1981)

A mutation in the lon (capR) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 effects several phenotypic alterations in the mutant cell, such as overproduction of capsular polysaccharide and sensitivity to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. A previously cloned 9.2-megadalton (Md) EcoRI fragment contained the capR+ gene and specified two polypeptides, 94 kilodaltons (K) and 67K. To provide evidence that the 94K polypeptide is the capR+ gene product, we constructed a capR+ plasmid pJMC40, having a 2.0-Md EcoRI-PstI fragment which codes only for the 94K polypeptide. Plasmids pJMC22 and pJMC30, having deletions of 0.7 and 0.8 Md, respectively, from one end of the 2.0-Md fragment, were also constructed. Each codes for a shortened stable polypeptide (from the 94K). Neither plasmid can confer the capR+ phenotype to capR mutants, confirming that the unaltered 94K polypeptide is the capR+ gene product. Plasmids pJMC51 and pJMC52 each have a deletion of 0.7 Md from the other end of the 2.0-Md fragment, differing only in the orientation of the remaining 1.3-Md fragment with respect to the cloning vehicle. They are nonfunctional with respect to capR+ and do not code for a common polypeptide from the 1.3-Md fragment. These data indicate that the fragments in pJMC22 and pJMC30, which both code for shortened 94K polypeptides, contain the promoter-operator region of the capR gene. The deletion plasmids were also used to map chromosomal capR mutations.
GridRT: A Massively Parallel Architecture for Ray-Tracing Using Uniform Grids (2009)

In this paper, we propose an architecture, which we call GridRT, capable of dealing with the main features, such as shadows and reflections effects, of Ray Tracing used for rendering three-dimensional scenes. This architecture achieves an efficient overall performance yet using a simple and compact massively parallel design. The design exploits the usage of Xilinx <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Floating Point Operator IP Core and the spatial data structure of Regular Grids.
Analysis of Laminin Structure and Function with Recombinant Glycoprotein Expressed in Insect Cells (2003)

Recent developments in the application of eukaryotic recombinant protein techniques have provided new tools with which to dissect and map functional activities in basement membrane glycoproteins. This has been particularly valuable in the case of laminins where the relationship between structure and function has been difficult to establish. Several characteristics of the laminins lie at the heart of the problem. First, the molecules are very large, each assembled from three multidomain subunits joined in a long-coiled coil Fig. 1). Second, laminins bear substantial disulfide and carbohydrate modifications that are crucial for proper conformation. Many, perhaps most, laminin activities present in native laminin are lost upon heat- or chaotropic-denaturation. Native activities are often not retained in short peptides or even in recombinant fragments generated in prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that synthetic laminin peptides can exhibit “cryptic” activities not found in native protein.
Brittle Fracture versus Quasi Plasticity in Ceramics: A Simple Predictive Index (2001)

Simple relations for the onset of competing brittle and quasi‐plastic damage modes in Hertzian contact are presented. The formulations are expressed in terms of well‐documented material parameters, elastic modulus, toughness, and hardness, enabling a priori predictions for given ceramics and indenter radii. Data from a range of selected ceramic (and other) materials are used to demonstrate the applicability of the critical load relations, and to evaluate coefficients in these relations. The results confirm that quasi plasticity is highly competitive with fracture in ceramics, over a sphere radius range 1–10 mm. Implications concerning the brittleness of ceramics in the context of indentation size effects are discussed.
Locus-Specific Genetic Differentiation at <i>Rw</i> Among Warfarin-Resistant Rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) Populations (2003)

Populations may diverge at fitness-related genes as a result of adaptation to local conditions. The ability to detect this divergence by marker-based genomic scans depends on the relative magnitudes of selection, recombination, and migration. We survey rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations to assess the effect that local selection with anticoagulant rodenticides has had on microsatellite marker variation and differentiation at the warfarin resistance gene (Rw) relative to the effect on the genomic background. Initially, using a small sample of 16 rats, we demonstrate tight linkage of microsatellite D1Rat219 to Rw by association mapping of genotypes expressing an anticoagulant-rodenticide-insensitive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR). Then, using allele frequencies at D1Rat219, we show that predicted and observed resistance levels in 27 populations correspond, suggesting intense and recent selection for resistance. A contrast of F(ST) values between D1Rat219 and the genomic background revealed that rodenticide selection has overwhelmed drift-mediated population structure only at Rw. A case-controlled design distinguished these locus-specific effects of selection at Rw from background levels of differentiation more effectively than a population-controlled approach. Our results support the notion that an analysis of locus-specific population genetic structure may assist the discovery and mapping of novel candidate loci that are the object of selection or may provide supporting evidence for previously identified loci.
Improved toluidine blue-DNA agar for detection of DNA hydrolysis by campylobacters (1987)

Our improved toluidine blue-DNA agar was compared with methyl green DNase test agar for the detection of DNA hydrolysis by campylobacters. The toluidine blue-DNA agar gave clear-cut positive and negative reactions with campylobacter strains belonging to several species.
Systematic computational and experimental investigation of lithium-ion transport mechanisms in polymer electrolytes (2016)

Solid polymer electrolytes have been the subject of considerable fundamental and applied chem. research due to their\npotential application in battery technologies. Although polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) have been\nextensively characterized both exptl. and theor., little is known about ion transport in other polymer classes. In this talk, we\nwill describe an interdisciplinary collaboration that combines chem. synthesis, electrochem. characterization, and mol. dynamics\nand coarse- grained simulation to systematically investigate lithium- ion transport in a range of new polymer electrolytes.\nThe resulting anal. reveals a no. of surprising and transferable chem. insights, including that the obsd. lithium- ion diffusion\nmechanisms are governed principally by the connectivity of solvation sites rather than by polymer segmental mobility. The\nmechanistic insights obtained in this effort have significance for the screening, synthesis, and characterization of nextgeneration\npolymer electrolytes.
Germination of Bacillus cereus spores in response to L-alanine and to inosine: the roles of gerL and gerQ operons c cThe GenBank accession numbers for the gerL and gerQ operons reported in this paper are AF387344 and AY037930, respectively. (2002)

Bacillus cereus 569 (ATCC 10876) endospores germinate in response to inosine or L-alanine, the most rapid germination response being elicited by a combination of these germinants. The gerI operon has already been characterized as a homologue of the gerA spore-germination receptor family of operons found in all Bacillus spp. examined; the primary defect in gerI mutant spores is in the inosine germination response, although spores were also slower to germinate in L-alanine. Additional transposon-insertion mutants, from similar Tn917-LTV1 mutagenesis and enrichment experiments, now define two more operons, also members of the family of gerA homologues, important in L-alanine and inosine germination. Transposon insertions were identified in an alanine-specific germination locus, named gerL, which represents an operon of three genes, termed gerLA, gerLB and gerLC. By examining the residual germination response to L-alanine in gerI and gerL mutants, it was deduced that the GerL proteins contribute most strongly to the L-alanine germination response, and that the GerI proteins, required primarily in inosine germination, mediate only much slower germination responses to alanine. The L-alanine germination responses mediated by GerL and GerI proteins differ in their germination rates, temperature optima and germinant concentration dependence. The gerQ locus, again identified by transposon insertion, is a second inosine-related germinant-receptor operon. GerQ and GerI proteins are both required for the germination response to inosine as sole germinant, but GerQ has no role in L-alanine germination. Although near-identical homologues of gerI and gerL operons are evident in the Bacillus anthracis genome sequence, there is no evidence of a close homologue of gerQ.
An Experimental Study of Endwall and Airfoil Surface Heat Transfer in a Large Scale Turbine Blade Cascade (1980)

Local rates of heat transfer on the endwall, suction, and pressure surfaces of a large scale turbine blade cascade were measured for two inlet boundary layer thicknesses and for a Reynolds number typical of gas turbine engine operation. The accuracy and spatial resolution of the measurements were sufficient to reveal local variations of heat transfer associated with distinct flow regimes and with regions of strong three-dimensional flow. Pertinent results of surface flow visualization and pressure measurements are included. The dominant role of the passage vortex, which develops from the singular separation of the inlet boundary layer, in determining heat transfer at the endwall and at certain regions of the airfoil surface is illustrated. Heat transfer on the passage surfaces is discussed and measurements at airfoil midspan are compared with current finite difference prediction methods.
Estimating the Tails of Loss Severity Distributions Using Extreme Value Theory (1997)

Abstract Good estimates for the tails of loss severity distributions are essential for pricing or positioning high-excess loss layers in reinsurance. We describe parametric curve-fitting methods for modelling extreme historical losses. These methods revolve around the generalized Pareto distribution and are supported by extreme value theory. We summarize relevant theoretical results and provide an extensive example of their application to Danish data on large fire insurance losses.
<i>Tilletia walkeri</i> on Annual Ryegrass in Wheat Fields in the Southeastern United States (1999)

Surveys for Tilletia walkeri on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were conducted during 1997 and 1998 in the southeastern United States, where suspect teliospores of the Karnal bunt fungus, Tilletia indica, were found in USDA-APHIS surveys of wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed in 1996. T. walkeri is morphologically similar to T. indica. Annual ryegrass is a common weed in wheat fields in the southeastern United States. Between April and June 1997, ryegrass seed samples were collected from 190 fields of wheat in 47 counties in Georgia and from 26 fields in 17 counties in Alabama and south-central Tennessee. In 1998, 70 samples were collected from 40 counties in the same regions of the three states. The teliospores from these samples were 23 to 45 μm in diameter (average about 33 μm) and ranged from light brown to dark reddish brown. They had coarse, widely spaced cerebriform ridges on the surface and were surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. The ryegrass bunt was identified as the recently described species T. walkeri, occurring on ryegrass seed from Australia and Oregon. In 1997, teliospores of T. walkeri were found in 13 samples from eight counties in central Georgia and from one field in Tennessee. In 1998, more teliospores and bunted seeds were found, possibly due to frequent rain in the region throughout the flowering period for ryegrass. Teliospores were found in 26/70 of the samples, and among these, only a small number of bunted seed were found in 12 of 13/70 samples. In one wheat field in Morgan County, Georgia, about 50% of the ryegrass seed collected was partially bunted, and a small percentage was completely bunted. Fields with teliospores were widely distributed and generally matched the locations where teliospores were found in APHIS wheat seed surveys in 1996 to 1998. T. walkeri occurs at very low levels on ryegrass in the Southeast and is the source of teliospores, initially identified as those of T. indica, associated with wheat seed in APHIS surveys. No bunted wheat seeds or teliospores of T. indica were found in the survey.
Annotation tools based on the annotation graph API (2001)

Annotation graphs provide an efficient and expressive data model for linguistic annotations of time-series data. This paper reports progress on a complete open-source software infrastructure supporting the rapid development of tools for transcribing and annotating time-series data.
Immunological Cross-Reactivity Between a Heat-Labile Enterotoxin(s) of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Subunits of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Enterotoxin (1978)

Heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli is immunologically related to both subunits, A and B, of cholera enterotoxin as demonstrated by neutralization and immunodiffusion.
<i>In vivo</i>subcellular resolution optical imaging in the lung reveals early metastatic proliferation and motility (2015)

To better understand breast cancer metastatic cell seeding, we have employed multiphoton microscopy and a vacuum stabilized window which eliminates the need for complex registration software, video rate microscopy or specialized gating electronics to observe the initial steps of tumor cell seeding within the living, breathing lung. We observe that upon arrival to the lung, tumor cells are found exclusively in capillary vessels, completely fill their volume and display an initial high level of protrusive activity that dramatically reduces over time. Further, we observe a concomitant increase in positional stability during this same period. We employ several techniques accessible to most imaging labs for optimizing signal to noise and resolution which enable us to report the first direct observation, with subcellular resolution, of the arrival, proliferation, and motility of metastatic tumor cells within the lung.