gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a flavin‐monooxygenase as the <i>S</i>‐oxygenating enzyme in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2007)

The cancer-preventive activity of cruciferous vegetables is commonly attributed to isothiocyanates resulting from the breakdown of the natural products glucosinolates (GSLs). Sulforaphane, the isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulfinylbutyl GSL, is thought to be the major agent conferring cancer-preventive properties, whereas the isothiocyanate of 4-methylthiobutyl GSL does not have the same activity. We report the identification of an Arabidopsis flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) enzyme, FMO(GS-OX1), which catalyzes the conversion of methylthioalkyl GSLs into methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs. This is evidenced by biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein, and analyses of the GSL content in FMO(GS-OX1) overexpression lines and an FMO(GS-OX1) knock-out mutant of Arabidopsis. The FMO(GS-OX1) overexpression lines show almost complete conversion of methylthioalkyl into methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs, with an approximately fivefold increase in 4-methylsulfinylbutyl GSL in seeds. Identification of FMO(GS-OX1) provides a molecular tool for breeding of Brassica vegetable crops with increased levels of this important GSL, which has implications for production of functional foods enriched with the cancer-preventive sulforaphane.
Messengers: Distributed Programming Using Mobile Agents (2001)

this paper we present and explore a new programming paradigm for distributed systems, which differs from those mentioned above in its basic philosophy. The main concept is mobile agents, which are self-contained autonomous programs that have their own identity and behavior. Mobile agents can navigate through the underlying computational network, perform various tasks at the nodes they visit, and coordinate their activities with other agents participating in the distributed computation. We have developed a mobile agent system, called MESSENGERS, which we will use to illustrate concepts underlying generalpurpose distributed programming using mobile agents. The mobile agents in the MESSENGERS system are referred to as Messengers (Bic, 1995; Bic, et al., 1996; Fukuda, et al., 1999; Fukuda, et al., 1998; Fukuda, et al. 1997)
Clarithromycin: Review of a New Macrolide Antibiotic with Improved Microbiologic Spectrum and Favorable Pharmacokinetic and Adverse Effect Profiles (1992)

Clarithromycin is as effective in vivo as erythromycin, with less gastrointestinal irritation. Additionally, clarithromycin appears to expand the traditional spectrum of macrolide antibiotics, with promising activity against M. leprae and MAI.
Light-chain independent binding of adaptors, AP180 and auxilin to clathrin (1991)

Binding of coated vesicle assembly proteins to clathrin causes it to assemble into regular coat structures. The assembly protein fraction of bovine brain coated vesicles comprises AP180, auxilin, and HA1 and HA2 adaptors. Clathrin heavy chains, separated from their light chains, polymerize with unimpaired efficiency when assembly proteins are added. The reassembled coats were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and examined for composition by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. We found that all four major coat proteins are incorporated in the presence and absence of light chains. Moreover, each of the purified coat proteins is able to associate directly with clathrin heavy chains in preassembled cages as efficiently as with intact clathrin. We conclude that light chains are not essential for the interaction of AP180, auxilin, and HA1 and HA2 with clathrin.
Foreground-Object-Protected Depth Map Smoothing for DIBR (2012)

Depth image based rendering (DIBR) uses a 2-D color image and its associated depth map to render virtual views and then a stereoscopic image. One of the main problems in DIBR is how to reduce the size of holes in the generated virtual view image. Smoothing the depth map before image warping is a common solution. However, the previous smoothing methods bring edge distortions to the foreground objects which are more valuable than the background. In this paper, a piecewise smoothing filter is adopted, performing filtering on the depth map only in the background regions while leaving the foreground regions unchanged. And the filtering is also controlled by the registration points of the depth map. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains better subjective qualities for the virtual views, and it is more time-saving compared to the former methods while having a better PSNR performance.
Reaction of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate with aliphatic amines: Structure of the colored products and kinetics. (1984)

Substitution of the 4-sulfonate in sodium 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (I) with many kinds of aliphatic amines (II) yields colored 4-substituted 1, 2-naphthoquinones (Q) : 4-morpholino-Q (IIIa), 4-piperidino-Q (IIIb), 4-pyrrolidino-Q (IIIc), 4-(1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl)-Q (IIId), 4-(2-pyrrolyl)-Q (IIIe), 4-dimethylamino-Q (IIIf), 4-diethylamino-Q (IIIg), 4-isopropylamino-Q (IIIh), and 4-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidylmethylamino)-Q (IIIi). The eliminated sulfite adds rapidly to the 4-position in I to form a colorless by-product, disodium 2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1, 4-dihydro-4, 4-naphthalenedisulfonate (IV). The rates of reactions were measured by polarography. The formations of IIIa and IV are successive second-order reactions. The pH profile of the rate constant, with a rounded peak at pH 10, suggests nucleophilic substitution of the free base (II) at the 4-carbon in the o-quinone form (I). The hydrolysis of IIIa to 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (V) is an acid-base-catalyzed pseudo-first-order reaction. The best conditions for photometric determination of morpholine (IIa) were found to be reaction of IIa with excess I at pH 8 and 25°C for 30 min.
Gas phase and catalytic ignition of methane and ethane in air over platinum (1990)

Abstract The ignition of gas phase combustion by a heated catalytically active surface involves dynamic coupling of transport processes and chemical kinetics. Researchers have observed that surfaces with high catalytic activity require higher surface temperatures to ignite gas phase combustion, compared to nonactive surfaces, and that this difference is greatest for a stoichiometric mixture. In this work an analysis of the ignition of surface‐catalyzed oxidation is developed along with an experimental technique for independently monitoring both surface and gas phase ignition such that the dynamics of these two events can be decoupled. Experiments suggest that the sharp maximum in surface temperature required for gas phase ignition observed in previous work is an artifact caused by transient heating of the surface as ignition occurs. Analysis of surface ignition was also used to investigate the kinetics of methane and ethane oxidation on platinum.
Tumor progression of murine epidermal cells after treatment in vitro with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or retinoic acid. (1991)

Tumor-promoting or antipromoting agents potentially may act directly on initiated squamous epithelial cells or indirectly through effects on normal keratinocytes or immune cells. The purpose of this study was to examine direct effects by comparing in vitro and in vivo treatment of initiated cell populations with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or retinoic acid. Keratinocytes were initiated by treatment in vitro with 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Replicate cultures of a cloned initiated cell line were exposed to TPA or retinoic acid with acetone as control. After an equivalent number of population doublings, cultured cell sheets were transplanted as skin grafts to athymic nude mice. Replicate grafts from each in vitro treatment group were then treated with TPA or retinoic acid for 8 months. Promotion was quantified by tumor incidence (graft sites with tumor per total sites) and by tumor growth rate. The findings were as follows: (a) TPA increased tumor incidence whether it was applied in vitro or in vivo; (b) TPA in vitro favored more progressive tumors than TPA in vivo; (c) stages of malignant progression from cloned keratinocytes treated in vitro were histologically identical to those following treatment of skin in vivo, including papilloma, dysplastic invasive papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, and metastasis to lymph node and lung; (d) retinoic acid treatment in vivo reduced tumor incidence and tumor growth rate in initiated cells previously exposed to TPA but not in cells previously exposed to retinoic acid. The results indicated the following: (a) direct effects of TPA on initiated keratinocyte populations were a significant component of tumor promotion; (b) factors in vivo modified the TPA response toward less progressive growth; and (c) the effect of retinoic acid was modulated by prior treatment history.
Bile salts and calcium absorption (1966)

1. The study of the effect of bile salts on enhancing calcium absorption in the rachitic chick has been extended to bile salts not present in chick bile, e.g. glycine conjugates and bile alcohol sulphates. 2. Bile and bile salts cause an increase in calcium absorption from sparingly soluble calcium hydrogen phosphate when compared with a suspension of calcium hydrogen phosphate in saline. 3. If the bile ducts of normal rats are tied the absorption of calcium from calcium hydrogen phosphate decreases but can be restored by giving bile salts with the calcium salt. 4. Bile salts increase solubility in water of the sparingly soluble calcium salts, phytate and phosphate at pH values between 6 and 8. 5. Bile salts increase the solubility in lipid solvents of calcium in approximately the same proportion as they increase the absorption of calcium from the gut. 6. The physiological role of bile in calcium absorption and its mode of action are discussed.
A Suzuki Coupling Method for Directly Introducing a Protected β-Aminoethyl Group into Arenes and Alkenes. Convenient Synthesis of Phenethyl and Homoallylic Amines (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Suzuki Coupling Method for Directly Introducing a Protected β-Aminoethyl Group into Arenes and Alkenes. Convenient Synthesis of Phenethyl and Homoallylic AminesAsayuki Kamatani and Larry E. OvermanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 23, 8743–8744Publication Date (Web):October 15, 1999Publication History Received2 July 1999Published online15 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo991064zCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2779Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (37 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Nitrogen,Organic compounds,Protective groups Get e-Alerts
Chronic Bronchitis (1964)

THE most common cause of inadequate therapy of chronic bronchitis is failure of recognition. There has been a reluctance to consider that the symptoms of chronic cough and phlegm production may add up to a disease worthy of concern. Persons manifesting these symptoms may be diagnosed as being normal subjects, or as having "smoker's cough," mild bronchitis, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. This variability of interpretation by different physicians led investigators in this field to try to standardize the nosology so that chronic bronchitis — and other chronic bronchopulmonary diseases — would be properly diagnosed. However, even when the proper diagnosis . . .
<title>Efficiency enhancement of liquid crystal projection displays using light recycle technology</title> (2002)

A new technology, developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), using low-absorption color filters with polarization and color recycle system, is able to enhance efficiency of a single panel liquid crystal display (LCD) projector to the same efficiency of a three panel LCD projector.
Identification and solubilization of iodinated cell surface human melanoma associated antigens (1977)

To identify soluble cell surface melanoma-associated antigens (MAA), human melanoma cells in culture were radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique and solubilized in non-ionic detergent (NP-40). Labelled MAA were identified by a quantitative double-antibody antigen binding assay and unrelated labelled macromolecules by trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Detergent solubilized 95% of the macromolecule-associated radioactivity. Approximately 8%, presumably MAA, was bound specifically by anti-melanoma serum. In contrast, anti-melanoma serum bound specifically only 0.5 to 1.5% of the acid precipitable radioactivity in control cells iodinated in a similar manner. Specificity was further studied by quantitative serum absorption. Two different melanoma lines were equally effective in inhibiting specific binding of iodinated melanoma lysate, whereas 50-100 times more normal fresh lymphocytes, liver and spleen cells, cultured HeLa or colon adenocarcinoma cells, and 8 times more cultured fetal cells were required to produce similar reductions in specific binding. These studies demonstrate that cell surface human melanoma antigens that differ qualitatively and/or quantitatively from those on normal or malignant allogeneic tissues can be solubilized and identified. These antigens are shared with other melanomas, and some are also present on fetal cells.
The effect of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on embryogenesis (1992)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was originally identified as a haemopoetic factor that induced the differentiation of certain myeloid leukaemia cell lines. In contrast to this action, LIF was subsequently shown to inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells in culture, thus maintaining their pluripotency and ability to contribute to the germline of chimaeric mice. In the mouse, mRNA for LIF is expressed by the endometrial glands of the uterus coincident with the time of blastocyst implantation and receptors have been found on the preimplantation blastocyst. The signal for LIF expression appears to be of maternal origin, perhaps regulated by oestradiol. Recombinant LIF improves the development of murine and ovine blastocysts in culture although there is some species specificity with respect to the type of LIF that is bioactive. It is proposed here that LIF acts on the trophectoderm of the rapidly expanding blastocyst and improves the implantation rate of otherwise compromised embryos. Further studies in livestock should elicit therapeutic uses for LIF in embryo culture, embryo transfer and embryo survival in vivo.
IRS-1 is a common element in insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I signaling to the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. (1993)

IRS-1 is a unique cytosolic protein that becomes tyrosine phosphorylated during insulin stimulation of intact cells and immediately associates with the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PtdIns 3'-kinase). The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor also mediated the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and increased the amount of PtdIns 3'-kinase activity bound to IRS-1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Purified insulin receptor and IGF-I receptor phosphorylated recombinant baculovirus-produced IRS-1 on similar sites in vitro, and phosphorylated baculovirus-produced IRS-1 bound PtdIns 3'-kinase activity from lysates of quiescent cells. Treatment of cells with IGF-I activated the PtdIns 3'-kinase, suggesting that IGF-I activates the PtdIns 3'-kinase through IRS-1 binding to p85 in a manner similar to insulin. Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing IRS-1 demonstrated increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and more PtdIns 3'-kinase activity associated with IRS-1 in these cells. These data demonstrate that IRS-1 is a common element for signal transmission by the IGF-I and insulin receptors.
Pseudouridine. Isolation and biosynthesis of the nucleoside isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptoverticillium ladakanus. 12 (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPseudouridine. Isolation and biosynthesis of the nucleoside isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptoverticillium ladakanus. 12Takayoshi Uematsu and R. J. SuhadolnikCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 25, 4669–4674Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00775a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00775a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of a FAD3 Desaturase Increases Synthesis of a Polymethylene‐Interrupted Dienoic Fatty Acid in Seeds of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> L. (2009)

A cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis extraplastidic linoleate desaturase (FAD3) was overexpressed in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis and in a mutant line that accumulates high levels of oleic acid. In the transformed wild-type plants, linolenic acid (18:3Delta9,12,15) increased from 19% to nearly 40% of total seed fatty acids, with a corresponding decrease in linoleate content (18:2Delta9,12). In the high oleate mutant, a large increase in the level of a fatty acid identified by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry as mangiferic acid (18:2Delta9,15) was observed. The results demonstrate that the polymethylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acid, mangiferic acid, can be produced in seed oil through the overexpression of a fatty acid n-3 desaturase.
A Processing Method for Pitch Smoothing Based on Autocorrelation and Cepstral F0 Detection Approaches (2007)

Chinese is known as a syllabic and tonal language and tone recognition plays an important role and provides very strong discriminative information for Chinese speech recognition [1]. Usually, the tone classification is based on the F0 (fundamental frequency) contours [2]. It is possible to infer a speaker's gender, age and emotion from his/her pitch, regardless of what is said. Meanwhile, the same sequence of words can convey very different meanings with variations in intonation. However, accurate pitch detection is difficult partly because tracked pitch contours are not ideal smooth curves. In this paper, we present a new smoothing algorithm for detected pitch contours. The effectiveness of the proposed method was shown using the HUB4-NE [3] natural speech corpus.
Dynamic Roof Crush Intrusion in Inverted Drop Testing (2005)

Inverted drop testing of vehicles is a destructive determination of roof strength used by industry, government organizations and independent engineers to determine vehicle safety with respect to rollover collision. In this paper, the results of numerous inverted drop tests are summarized and analyzed, giving both the amount of permanent and temporary roof crush that occurs during impact. Only unmodified production vehicles with sound roofs were tested. The amount of dynamic roof crush varied from a low of 0 to a maximum of 7.0 cm, the relationship between elastic and plastic roof crush was not found to be statistically significant, and prediction intervals for A and B-pillar crush were developed.
PEWA: Patch-Based Exponentially Weighted Aggregation for Image Denoising (2014)

International audience
Protoplast-Mediated Transformation of the Filamentous Fungus Cladosporium phlei: Evidence of Tandem Repeats of the Integrative Transforming Vector (2009)

To facilitate the genetic manipulation of Cladosporium phlei, a causal agent of leaf spot disease in timothy (Phleum pretense), protoplast-mediated transformation of C. phlei has been developed and the resulting transformants were characterized in this study. Hygromycin B resistance was applied as a dominant selection marker due to the sensitivity of C. phlei to this antibiotic. The transformation efficiency ranged from approximately 20-100 transformants per experiment. Southern blot analysis of stable transformants revealed that transformation occurred by way of stable integration of the vector DNA into the fungal chromosome. PCR analysis and plasmid rescuing of randomly selected transformants suggested that integration of tandem repeat copies of vector DNA was common. In addition, multiple integrations of the transforming vector at different chromosomal sites were also observed. The establishment of a transformation method for C. phlei facilitates strain improvement of this fungus and can be applied as an initial step in the molecular analysis of pigment production in this fungus.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polymers Having Pendant Ketal Moieties for Positive Photoresists (2001)

This investigation relates to the syntheses of two new monomers of the methacrylate type and the introduction of the new monomers to a series of polymers for photoresists. In order to investigate the applications of pendant ketal and carboxyl groups on the positive tone photoresist, a series of copolymers have been synthesized deriving from methacrylic acid (MAA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), 1,3-dioxane-4-methyl methacrylate (DDMA), and 1,4-dioxaspiro-[4,5]-decane-2-methyl methacrylate (DSDMA) with various feed molar ratios. We investigated the deprotection of pendant ketal groups, and the dehydration crosslinking of pendant carboxyl groups of the copolymers. The following were also investigated: thermogravimetric properties of copolymers, exposure characteristic curves, lithographic evaluation of the positive tone photoresist, and the effects of alicyclic groups on the plasma etching resistance of copolymers. It was found that polymers synthesized in this investigation can be used as a positive tone photoresist. A resolution of line and space pattern of 0.3 μm was also achieved. Sufficient UV irradiation and heat treatment may cause the acid catalyzed dehydration crosslinking of pendant carboxyl groups to increase the efficiency of thermal resistance of polymers.