gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Secreted Aspartic Proteinases as a New Target in the Therapy of Candidiasis (2002)

Secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) are important virulence factors in different types of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). The various isoenzymes are expected to fulfil different tasks during mucosal or disseminated infections. It could be shown that the introduction of the proteinase inhibitors like saquinavir and indinavir in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients has an effect on Sap activity in vitro as well as in vivo. Therefore, drugs like the HIV proteinase inhibitors could play an essential role in the treatment of candidiasis in the future, especially if further adapted to this target.
Cross-borehole sensing: identification and localization of underground tunnels in the presence of a horizontal stratification (1997)

This paper addresses the detection and localization of a buried two-dimensional (2D) dielectric object in the presence of an air-Earth interface. The techniques used are modifications of the well-known backpropagation operator, including plane-wave angular spectral filtering and detection of the cross-polarized scattered field. Cross-correlation of the received signal with a known target signature is included for comparison and found to be useful for detection. It is shown that use of the positive spatial frequency components of the fields scattered by the buried target, together with the backpropagation of vertical cross-polarized fields, yield results that are relatively insensitive to the presence of the horizontal stratification. Examples illustrate that backpropagation can be used for detection and localization purposes in a cross-borehole configuration. Some experimental results utilizing a 2.5 GHz laboratory scale model and a tunnel-like target are also included for comparison.
Adenosine augments IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling in M2c macrophages (2013)

The alternatively activated macrophage phenotype induced by IL-10 is called M2c. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that accumulates in the extracellular space in response to metabolic disturbances, hypoxia, inflammation, physical damage, or apoptosis. As adenosine is known to regulate classically activated M1 and IL4- and IL-13-activated M2a macrophages, the goal of the present study was to explore its effects on M2c macrophages. We found that adenosine augmented the IL-10-induced expression of TIMP-1 and arginase-1 by the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and by mouse BMDMs. The effects of AR stimulation on IL-10-induced TIMP-1 or arginase-1 expression were lacking in A2BAR KO macrophages. The role of A2BAR on TIMP-1 production of RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed with specific agonist BAY606583 and antagonist PSB0788. AR stimulation augmented IL-10-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in macrophages, and pharmacological inhibition or silencing of STAT3 using siRNA reduced the stimulatory effect of AR stimulation on TIMP-1 production. In contrast to its stimulatory effect on IL-10-induced STAT3 activation, adenosine inhibited IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and SAA3 expression. In conclusion, adenosine enhances IL-10-induced STAT3 signaling and M2c macrophage activation.
IL‐1α (− 889) promoter polymorphism is a risk factor for osteomyelitis (2003)

As osteomyelitis (OM) induces the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and IL-1 mediates bone resorption by osteoclasts we determined if there is an association between certain common polymorphisms of the genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 alpha and beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and OM in adults. The IL-1 alpha (-889) TT genotype was significantly more frequent among 52 OM patients than in 109 healthy controls (13/52, [25.0%] vs. 9/109, [8.3%], P = 0.0081, chi(2) = 7.01, OR = 3.7, 95% CI, 1.35-10.34). Patients who were homozygous for the T allele were younger than the rest of the OM patients (mean age 35.7 +/- 11.5 vs. 58.1 +/- 18.6 years, P = 0.001). IL-1 beta TT (+3953) polymorphism was also more frequent in OM patients (P = 0.014, chi(2) = 5.12, OR = 5.1, 95% CI, 1.21-52.14), but IL-1 beta is in linkage disequilibrium with the IL-1 alpha *T (P < 0.001). Route of infection, chronicity of the infection, type of microorganism isolated, and frequency of relapses were similar in patients with and without the IL-1 alpha TT genotype. There were no associations between OM and polymorphisms of other cytokines genes. IL-1 alpha serum levels were significantly increased in all the OM patients independently of their IL-1 genotype compared to the controls (P = 0.021). Although IL-1 alpha serum levels were not significantly higher in patients with the IL-1 alpha (-889) polymorphism, this does not exclude a difference in production of IL-1 alpha by osteoclasts or other inflammatory cells at the site of infection.
Liquid Crystal-on-Organic Field-Effect Transistor Sensory Devices for Perceptive Sensing of Ultralow Intensity Gas Flow Touch (2013)

We demonstrate liquid crystal-on-organic field-effect transistor (LC-on-OFET) sensory devices that can perceptively sense ultralow level gas flows. The LC-on-OFET devices were fabricated by mounting LC molecules (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl - 5CB) on the polymer channel layer of OFET. Results showed that the presence of LC molecules on the channel layer resulted in enhanced drain currents due to a strong dipole effect of LC molecules. Upon applying low intensity nitrogen gas flows, the drain current was sensitively increased depending on the intensity and time of nitrogen flows. The present LC-on-OFET devices could detect extremely low level nitrogen flows (0.7 sccm-11 μl/s), which could not be felt by human skins, thanks to a synergy effect between collective behavior of LC molecules and charge-sensitive channel layer of OFET. The similar sensation was also achieved using the LC-on-OFET devices with a polymer film skin, suggesting viable practical applications of the present LC-on-OFET sensory devices.
The use of Tris‐Lipidation to modify drug cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant cells expressing P‐glycoprotein or MRP1 (2002)

1. Increasing the lipophilicity is a strategy often used to improve a compound's cellular uptake and retention but this may also convert it into a substrate for an ATP-dependent transporter such as P-glycoprotein or the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), which are involved in cellular efflux of drugs. Tris-Lipidation of compounds is a convenient way of modifying drug lipophilicity and generating an array of derivatives with diverse properties. 2. To determine the effect of Tris-Lipidation on a drug's cytoxicity in multidrug resistant cells, various glycyl-Tris-mono- (GTP1), di- (GTP2) and tri-palmitate (GTP3) derivatives were prepared of the cancer chemotherapeutic drugs chlorambucil and methotrexate, and of the anti-HIV drug AZT. The cytotoxicity of these derivatives and their parent compounds was determined in the CEM/VLB(100) cells with increased P-glycoprotein expression, the CEM/E1000 cells that overexpress MRP1 and the parent, drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM cells. 3. Increasing the lipophilicity of AZT increased its cytotoxicity in the sensitive CCRF-CEM parental cell line while decreased cytotoxicity was observed for the methotrexate derivatives. For the chlorambucil derivatives, both increased (GTP1) and decreased (GTP2) cytotoxicity occurred in the CCRF-CEM cells. With the exception of AZT-GTP1, all GTP1 and GTP2 derivatives of chlorambucil, methotrexate and AZT had decreased cytotoxicity in the P-glycoprotein-expressing CEM/VLB(100) cells while chlorambucil-GTP1, methotrexate-GTP2 and methotrexate-GTP3 were the only compounds with decreased cytotoxicity in the MRP1-overexpressing CEM/E1000 cells. 4. The number of palmitate residues, the position of derivatisation and the type of linkage all may affect the P-glycoprotein and MRP1 substrate properties. 5. Tris-Lipidation may therefore provide a useful way of manipulating the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
<i>In Vitro</i> Angiogenesis Induced by Tumor-Endothelial Cell Co-Culture in Bilayered, Collagen I Hydrogel Bioengineered Tumors (2013)

Although successful remission has been achieved when cancer is diagnosed and treated during its earliest stages of development, a tumor that has established neovascularization poses a significantly greater risk of mortality. The inability to recapitulate the complexities of a maturing in vivo tumor microenvironment in an in vitro setting has frustrated attempts to identify and test anti-angiogenesis therapies that are effective at permanently halting cancer progression. We have established an in vitro tumor angiogenesis model driven solely by paracrine signaling between MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and telomerase-immortalized human microvascular endothelial (TIME) cells co-cultured in a spatially relevant manner. The bilayered bioengineered tumor model consists of TIME cells cultured as an endothelium on the surface of an acellular collagen I hydrogel under which MDA-MB-231 cells are cultured in a separate collagen I hydrogel. Results showed that TIME cells co-cultured with the MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated a significant increase in cell number, rapidly developed an elongated morphology, and invasively sprouted into the underlying acellular collagen I layer. Comparatively, bioengineered tumors cultured with less aggressive MCF7 breast cancer cells did not elicit an angiogenic response. Angiogenic sprouting was demonstrated by the formation of a complex capillary-like tubule network beneath the surface of a confluent endothelial monolayer with lumen formation and anastomosing branches. In vitro angiogenesis was dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, matrix concentration, and duration of co-culture. Basic fibroblast growth factor supplemented to the co-cultures augmented angiogenic sprouting. The development of improved preclinical tumor angiogenesis models, such as the one presented here, is critical for accurate evaluation and refinement of anti-angiogenesis therapies.
A Theorist Envisions the Future and Speaks to Nursing Administrators (2000)

Planning for a preferred future for nursing is based on a vision of the world of the 21st century. A theorist shares her vision that stems from themes of scientific changes in cosmology and quantum theory, as well as her thoughtful reconsideration of the assumptions of her work for the future. These insights provide principles for planning that the nursing administrator can use for change at individual, institutional, and societal levels.
Validation of CAN-CAN gateway in the automotive network system (2017)

Currently, the increasing functions required for the automobile are making the automotive network more complicated. As this complexity grows, the increment of network bus load is one of the problems. To solve this issue, using a gateway is one solution. However, if one behavior in the gateway goes wrong, sending accurate information to the gateway or Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of another domain is impossible, and this will bring malfunctions to the automotive system. Currently there are no definite evaluation entries for gateway behavior, or evaluation standards for the stability and reliability of a network using the gateway. The purpose of this paper is to propose entries for validating CAN-CAN gateway behavior, and a validation method. Also, this paper validates the entries and the method by using an embedded system gateway.
From random to controlled small-scale filamentation in water (2004)

Simple apertures such as slits and meshes inserted in the beam path of a powerful Ti:Sapphire laser pulse are suitable to produce stable 1-D and 2-D arrays of filaments in liquids. The thus imposed intensity gradients and diffraction patterns can overcome the inherent beam irregularities which naturally give rise to random small-scale multiple filamentations. This method is visualized by means of two photon fluorescence imaging.
A study on Early Detection Method for Land Cover Change using Time-series SAR Images (2005)

The early detection of land cover change can play a significant role in early warning and solution of various environmental problems. Frequent monitoring is required to realize the providing of stable warning information. Advantage of the SAR image (i.e. weather free observation) is utilized by accumulating these stably observed time-series images in the developing method. The method consists of the following functions, (1) extraction of the temporal-profile of every pixel, (2) extraction of the time-series change pattern using time-series analysis, (3) prediction of the future DN value from systematic part, (4) change determination by comparison between the predicted value and the observed value, and (5) extraction of the spatial extent of the land cover changes. The method was examined on the JERS-1/SAR images (1992.9-1998.9) in the test area. As a result, the method succeeded in providing clear image to support the interpretation of land cover, and in achieving the early detection of the land cover changes.
Self-certified identity information using the minimum knowledge (2002)

We propose the new notion of self-certified identity information that applies the notion of self-certified public key to the case in which the public key is just the identity information. Using the notion of self-certified identity information, we propose a truly "paradoxical" identity-based identification scheme, the corresponding signature scheme which any user can choose his(her) own secret key though it is an identity-based method (that is, it is not a certification-based method). Also as an application of self-certified self-certified information, we propose a practical group signature which was proposed by Chaum (1991). The security of our schemes is based on the difficulty of the /spl gamma//sup th/-residuosity problem and discrete logarithm problem simultaneously. Also our schemes are in the level 2 of trust or in the level 3 of trust. In particular, our schemes are almost as efficient as the Schnorr's (1989) scheme.
Excimer lasers as tools for material processing in manufacturing (2002)

Since their initial demonstration 20 years ago, excimer lasers have developed from physicists' "toys" to powerful tools, offering unique benefits to a wide range of applications. Nearly all technical (plastics, ceramics, glasses, metals, semiconductors, composites) and biological/medical materials can be structured by the intense ultraviolet (UV) laser lights. Drilling of microholes for ink jet nozzle heads and for MCM microelectronic packaging, stripping of very tiny wires, annealing of TFT's for flat panel displays and high quality marking are well-known industrial introduced examples of this technique. Recently two very important breakthroughs were achieved. The first is in regard to the performance of the excimer laser itself. The second one is a much more advanced way of using UV photons more efficiently.
CaO‐Based CO<sub>2</sub> Sorbents: From Fundamentals to the Development of New, Highly Effective Materials (2013)

The enormous anthropogenic emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 is most likely the main reason for climate change. Considering the continuing and indeed growing utilisation of fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation purposes, development and implementation of processes that avoid the associated emissions of CO2 are urgently needed. CO2 capture and storage, commonly termed CCS, would be a possible mid-term solution to reduce the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, the costs associated with the currently available CO2 capture technology, that is, amine scrubbing, are prohibitively high, thus making the development of new CO2 sorbents a highly important research challenge. Indeed, CaO, readily obtained through the calcination of naturally occurring limestone, has been proposed as an alternative CO2 sorbent that could substantially reduce the costs of CO2 capture. However, one of the major drawbacks of using CaO derived from natural sources is its rapidly decreasing CO2 uptake capacity with repeated carbonation-calcination reactions. Here, we review the current understanding of fundamental aspects of the cyclic carbonation-calcination reactions of CaO such as its reversibility and kinetics. Subsequently, recent attempts to develop synthetic, CaO-based sorbents that possess high and cyclically stable CO2 uptakes are presented.
Algebraic reconstruction in CT from limited views (1989)

The author presents an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) as a viable alternative in computerized tomography (CT) from limited views. Recently, algorithms of iterative reconstruction-reprojection (IRR) based on the method of convolution-backprojection have been proposed for application in limited-view CT. Reprojection was used in an iterative fashion alternating with backprojection as a means of estimating projection values within the sector of missing views. In algebraic methods of reconstruction for CT, only those projections corresponding to known data are required. Reprojection along missing views would merely serve to introduce redundant equations. Computer simulation studies are presented which demonstrate significantly improved reconstructed images achieved by an ART algorithm as compared to IRR methods.
Purely Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2017)

The design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials both as emitters and as hosts is an exploding area of research. The replacement of phosphorescent metal complexes with inexpensive organic compounds in electroluminescent (EL) devices that demonstrate comparable performance metrics is paradigm shifting, as these new materials offer the possibility of developing low-cost lighting and displays. Here, a comprehensive review of TADF materials is presented, with a focus on linking their optoelectronic behavior with the performance of the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and related EL devices. TADF emitters are cross-compared within specific color ranges, with a focus on blue, green-yellow, orange-red, and white OLEDs. Organic small-molecule, dendrimer, polymer, and exciplex emitters are all discussed within this review, as is their use as host materials. Correlations are provided between the structure of the TADF materials and their optoelectronic properties. The success of TADF materials has ushered in the next generation of OLEDs.
cDNA cloning and transient expression of the Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen EBNA3B in human cells and identification of novel transcripts from its coding region (1990)

Recombinant plasmids containing sequences from the BamHI-E rightward reading frames 2a and 2b (BERF2a and 2b) of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome were isolated from a library of cDNA clones which had been previously made from the EBV B95-8 lymphoblastoid cell line (M. Bodescot, O. Brison, and M. Perricaudet, Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7103-7114, 1986). The characterization of these clones in combination with RNase mapping experiments led to the identification of one leftward and several rightward transcripts traversing the EBV-determined nuclear antigen EBNA3B coding region. One cDNA (T7) contains a continuous open reading frame generated by the splicing together of BERF2a and BERF2b. The T7 clone was used to reconstruct a complete fused BERF2a/2b open reading frame in an adenovirus-based expression vector. Western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments using human 293 cells showed that the recombinant plasmid is capable of expressing a protein with a size, immunological characteristics, and a subcellular localization indistinguishable from those of native B95-8 EBNA3B.
Progress in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Applied to Venereal Cancer Diagnosis (2013)

Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy is a powerful technique that provides molecular and spatial information at the single-cell level. We report on the progress of this technology in the field of cancer research, focusing on human cervical cancer because of the inherent difficulty in grading this type of cancer and as a model for venereal cancers in dogs. Using a suite of multivariate imaging processing techniques, we demonstrate the potential of this technique to identify histologic features in the normal epithelium and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stages I and III. We highlight the advantages and detail the barriers that need to be overcome before implementation of this technology in the clinical environment.
Modeling Oncogenic Signaling in Colon Tumors by Multidirectional Analyses of Microarray Data Directed for Maximization of Analytical Reliability (2010)

Although the proposed strategy is computationally complex and labor-intensive, it may reduce the number of false results.
Human stem cells home to and repair laser-damaged trabecular meshwork in a mouse model (2018)

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss, and reducing elevated intraocular pressure is currently the only effective clinical treatment. The trabecular meshwork is the main resistance site for aqueous outflow that maintains intraocular pressure. In this study, we transplanted human trabecular meshwork stem cells (TMSCs) intracamerally into mice that received laser photocoagulation over a 180° arc of the trabecular meshwork. TMSCs preferentially homed and integrated to the laser-damaged trabecular meshwork region and expressed differentiated cell markers at 2 and 4 weeks. Laser-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses were prevented by TMSC transplantation with simultaneous ultrastructure and function restoration. Cell affinity and migration assays and elevated expression of CXCR4 and SDF1 in laser-treated mouse trabecular meshwork suggest that the CXCR4/SDF1 chemokine axis plays an important role in TMSC homing. Our results suggest that TMSCs may be a viable candidate for trabecular meshwork refunctionalization as a novel treatment for glaucoma.
Highly branched polyethylene graft copolymers prepared by means of migratory insertion polymerization combined with TEMPO-mediated controlled radical polymerization (2000)

New families of highly branched polyethylenes containing alkyl short chain branches as well as polar and non-polar long-chain branches were prepared by combining migratory insertion copolymerization with controlled radical graft copolymerization. Key intermediate was a novel alkoxyamine-functionalized 1-alkene which was copolymerized with ethylene using a palladium catalyst. The resulting highly branched polyethylene with alkoxyamine-functionalized short chain branches was used as macroinitiator to initiate controlled radical graft copolymerization of styrene and styrene/acrylonitrile. Novel polyethylene graft copolymers with molecular masses of Mw >100 000 g/mol and narrow polydispersities were obtained. Transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM) and the presence of two glass transition temperatures at –67 and +100°C indicated microphase separation.
Hurricane: an optimizing compiler for Smalltalk (1986)

We discuss a recent attempt at providing a more efficient compilation system for the Smalltalk-80™ language than currently exists. The approach is unique in that it attempts to work within the existing semantics of the language. A type declaration and inference mechanism is developed in order to make the problem tractable. Details concerning the compiler implemented to date are given, as well as preliminary speed tests of compiled object code.