gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural change accompanying volume change in amorphous polystyrene as studied by small and intermediate angle x-ray scattering (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural change accompanying volume change in amorphous polystyrene as studied by small and intermediate angle x-ray scatteringHyun Hoon Song and Ryong Joon RoeCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 11, 2723–2732Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00177a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00177a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endocannabinoid modulation of fear responses: learning and state-dependent performance effects (2008)

Recently, disruption of the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid, eCB) system was found to impair extinction in delay and contextual fear conditioning models. However, conditioning procedures used in that work precluded investigation of possible eCB effects on acquisition of learned fear. We therefore examined the role of eCBs in modulating fear responses using multiple-trial versions of trace (hippocampal-dependent) and delay (amygdala-dependent) Pavlovian fear conditioning. By administering the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (5 mg/kg, i.p) to C57/Bl/6 mice at various times, we systematically identified the stages of learning and memory (i.e. acquisition, consolidation, recall and extinction) that are modulated by eCB signaling. During tone (CS) - footshock (US) conditioning, AM251 enhanced acquisition of freezing behavior for both trace- and delay-conditioning protocols. CB1 antagonism also enhanced generalized fear (baseline freezing) and cued (CS) freezing during memory recall tests in a state-dependent manner for both trace and delay conditioned animals. Furthermore, in trace-conditioned animals, AM251 impaired extinction performance of both cued and generalized fear. CB1 antagonism did not affect short-term memory (STM) or long-term memory (LTM) consolidation processes. Together, these results suggest that during acquisition and recall of aversive learning, eCBs prevent the expression and retention of inappropriate generalized and learned responses. These findings have important implications for the therapeutic use of CB1 antagonists.
Making training work (2005)

Purpose To provide a concise briefing on the most topical issues and relevant implications from the top 400 management publications in the world. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the argument in context. Findings In “Take TIME for effective learning”, Albrecht puts forward a theory that the best training should contain four specific elements – theory, instruction, modeling and experience. Albrecht explains the reasoning behind his claims for each of the four elements, and shows how they can be effective. The TIME model is said to be adaptable in line with the level of knowledge of the trainees and their learning styles. The article finishes by illustrating how the benefits of training can be transferred to the workplace, and then providing examples of how to use the TIME model in practice. Heather Johnson's article describes how Lucent Technologies has increased participation in training by 400 percent in 18 months. She argues that Lucent's success is a result of linking training with a particular business objective. Johnson also draws attention to the mistake Lucent made in switching to mostly Web‐based training, and how the company has recognized and rectified this bad move. Finally, the article affirms that this training program has been successful, with increased profits and attained targets. “Sales training bags the results for Cleanaway” describes a new sales training initiative that helped Cleanaway significantly boost profits. In 2002, high new targets meant the focus of the company and the attitudes of the sales team had to be redeveloped. Landale explains how external training specialists STC were hired to develop and deliver a tailor‐made training program that responded to the firm's objectives. The article argues that STC's work was successful because it was supported by one‐to‐one executive coaching for managers as well as motivation and confidence classes for the whole sales team. Cleanaway has achieved more than double the previous number of sales visits, and big increases in written contracts. Practical implications Provides implementable strategies and practical thinking that has influenced some of the world's leading organizations.
ALTERED THRESHOLD FOR THE INDUCTION OF GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST IMMUNODEFICIENCY FOLLOWING MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION HOST AND DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS (1988)

Acute murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection enhances the ability of parental spleen cells to induce graft-vs.-host immunodeficiency (GVHID) in F1 hybrid mice when the two processes occur simultaneously in the recipient. The present study assessed GVHID as the ability of spleen cells to generate in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells. The results indicate that MCMV infection not only reduces the number of parental spleen cells required to induce GVHID, but accelerates the onset of GVHID, which occurs as early as 3 days after cell and virus challenge. To determine whether MCMV infection exerts this synergistic effect primarily through the donor or the host component, we examined the effect of MCMV infection of either donor mice or recipient mice at 3, 10, and 17 days prior to spleen cell transfer. Two weeks after cell transfer, splenocytes were tested for their ability to generate CTL. When donor mice were infected with MCMV three days prior to cell transfer, the ability of donor cells to induce GVHID was reduced. In contrast, MCMV infection of the recipients three days prior to cell transfer increased their susceptibility to GVHID induction. Infection of either donor or host mice 10 days or 17 days prior to parental spleen cell transfer had little effect on the ability to induce or resist GVHID when compared with sham-infected mice. Thus, acute MCMV infection can modulate the severity of GVHID depending on whether it is the donor or the host that is infected. The ability of acute MCMV to alter the course and severity of GVHID may be relevant for human bone marrow transplants in which preceding CMV infection has been associated with chronic GVH. In this setting, CMV may lower the threshold necessary to induce a GVH reaction.
Computer graphics in the UK (2000)

article Free Access Share on Computer graphics in the UK: a few people, places and events Authors: D. A. Duce School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes UniversityView Profile , F. R. A. Hopgood World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 34Issue 3Aug. 2000 pp 30–33https://doi.org/10.1145/359293.359326Published:01 August 2000Publication History 0citation113DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads113Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Cyst with a mural nodule: unusual case of brain metastasis. (2004)

A 34-year-old woman presented with history of headaches, vomiting and progressive left hemiparesis for the last 3 months. CECT showed right frontal juxtaventricular, cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule and focal wall (Figure 1a). On MRI, the cyst was hypointense on T1WI (Figure 1b) and hyperintense onT2WI (Figure 1c) and suppressed on FLAIR sequence (Figure 1d). Per-operatively, a cyst with yellowish clear fluid and a small grayish, solid part were removed. The cyst walls were not necrotic. HPE revealed a malignant tumor composed of cells with focal areas of glandular differentiation with marked pleomorphism. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin and mucin. The wall of the cyst showed gliosis. A diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was made. No primary could be localized. The radiological differential considerations for a cystic tumor with an enhancing mural nodule include pilocytic astrocytoma, hemangioblastoma, pleomorphic xanthoastryocytoma, meningioma and ganglioglioma. The radiological finding of a cystic tumor with a mural nodule had not been described previously in brain metastases. The presence of minimal edema relative to the size of the lesion in our case was also unusual for a metastatic deposit. FLAIR sequences have been reported to be useful in distinguishing between cystic neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. The cyst had suppression of signal intensity on FLAIR imaging, thereby suggesting non-mitotic pathology. This unusual appearance is possibly attributed to the lack of proteinaceous or myxoid material inside the cyst, which is rare in metastasis. Therefore, FLAIR images should be interpreted with caution.
Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux chromènes photochromiques liés à un motif thiophénique : Application à des matériaux organiques conducteurs (1998)

Le travail presente dans ce memoire a consiste en la synthese, puis en la caracterisation de nouveaux photochromes organiques, en serie 2h-chromenique, fonctionnalises par des motifs thiopheniques. Des molecules mettant en evidence differents modes d'introduction de l'entite conductrice sur le photochrome ont ete elaborees. L'acces a ces molecules cibles a necessite la mise au point de methodes mettant en uvre des conditions operatoires douces non degradantes pour le motif thiophenique. Ceci nous a conduit a mettre au point une nouvelle methode de chromenisation, applicable dans le cas d'alcools sensibles a un milieu tres acide, par l'emploi d'un nouveau catalyseur : le sel de ppts. Une etude spectrocinetique de l'equilibre photochromique a ete realisee pour l'ensemble des composes synthetises. Tous les chromenes nouveaux obtenus ont revele des proprietes photochromiques en solution dans le toluene. Ces mesures ont montre que l'introduction d'un motif thiophenique en position 3 entrainait un deplacement bathochromique de l'absorption de la forme coloree ainsi qu'un accroissement important de la colorabilite. L'etude de l'equilibre photostationnaire nous a permis de determiner le rendement quantique de coloration de quelques composes. Une estimation de la valeur de l'absorptivite de la forme coloree pour ces memes composes a ete effectuee en lumiere monochromatique. De plus, tous les composes testes presentent des vitesses d'ouvertures inferieures ou egales a 40 nanosecondes. L'objectif principal de ce travail consistait en l'elaboration de nouveaux commutateurs optiques. Les couches minces formees a partir de certaines molecules ont montre une variation de conductivite selon que le photochrome est active photochimiquement ou non. Des tentatives de dimerisation ont ensuite ete realises par voie electrochimique et par voie chimique. Cette derniere permet d'acceder a un nouveau type de produit presentant deux entites chromeniques reliees entre elles par un espaceur tetrathiophenique.
Refraction laws for anisotropic media and their application to left-handed metamaterials (2005)

The refraction of phase and power at the interface between free space and anisotropic media is studied. Under a TE incidence (electric field along y/spl circ/) and k/sub y/=0 incidence (where k/sub y/ is the y/spl circ/ component of the wave vector), a closed-form generalization of Snell's laws is proposed. The two relations (one for the phase and one for the power) are expressed in terms of the incident angle, the constitutive parameters of the anisotropic medium (which can take negative values), and the tilting angle of the dispersion relation. In addition, both positive and negative dispersions are discussed, making the formulas directly usable for the design of left-handed metamaterials. The validation is done by two methods. First, the electromagnetic fields in layered anisotropic media are computed analytically. The angle of refraction of the wave vector is thus directly obtained, while that of the power is obtained by computing the time-average Poynting power. Second, numerical simulations are performed using HFSS to record the deflection of the power by a prism characterized by positive or negative constitutive parameters. For the specific prism experiment, in which the incident angle is equal to the tilting angle of the dispersion relation, we show that the refraction laws reduce to a simple Snell's law form.
Temperature behavior of visible and infrared electroluminescent devices fabricated on erbium-doped GaN (2002)

Visible and infrared (IR) rare-earth-activated light emission has been obtained from Er-doped GaN electroluminescent devices (ELD). The ELD consists of an in-situ Er-doped GaN layer grown on either a sapphire or silicon (Si) substrate. The temperature dependence of the light emission and the current conduction is reported. The EL spectrum shows two main visible peaks at 537 and 558 nm and a group of closely spaced IR peaks clustered around 1550 nm. The 558 nm visible transition is dominant below 250 K, whereas the 537 nm transition is dominant at higher temperature peaking at 300 K. Temperatures from 240-500 K have minimal effect on IR emission intensity. A simple model consisting of two back-to-back Schottky diodes explains the current-voltage dependence. The effect of Er doping and substrate type on carrier transport is investigated as a function of voltage and temperature. Specifically, there is evidence that an Er-related defect is responsible for carrier generation at temperatures above 300 K. The effect of bias polarity on spatial confinement of the light emission in different areas of the devices is discussed. The model indicates that both electric field intensity and current density are important in producing light emission. The model also accounts for the uniformity of the emission under the electrodes when considering the type of substrate used for GaN:Er device growth.
A polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene alters promoter activity and is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (2006)

The norepinephrine transporter critically regulates both neurotransmission and homeostasis of norepinephrine in the nervous system. In this study, we report a previously uncharacterized and common A/T polymorphism at -3081 upstream of the transcription initiation site of the human norepinephrine transporter gene [solute carrier family 6, member 2 (SLC6A2)]. Using both homologous and heterologous promoter-reporter constructs, we found that the -3081(T) allele significantly decreases promoter function compared with the A allele. Interestingly, this T allele creates a new palindromic E2-box motif that interacts with Slug and Scratch, neural-expressed transcriptional repressors binding to the E2-box motif. We also found that both Slug and Scratch repress the SLC6A2 promoter activity only when it contains the T allele. Finally, we observed a significant association between the -3081(A/T) polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting that anomalous transcription factor-based repression of SLC6A2 may increase risk for the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
Psoriatic arthritis: current therapy and future approaches (2014)

PsA is a systemic inflammatory condition that affects 20-30% of patients with psoriasis. It is characterized by potential involvement of diverse tissues, including peripheral and axial joints, enthesitis, dactylitis and skin and nail disease. The degree of involvement in each domain can vary over time in individual patients and can differ substantially between PsA patients. The clinical heterogeneity along with the varying extent of severity and activity can pose significant challenges to treatment. Although some studies had suggested immunopathophysiological similarities between PsA and RA, more recently important distinctions have been defined. Similarly, although some immunomodulatory therapies have proved effective for both PsA and RA, recent data suggest distinct responses to certain targeted therapies. Herein, current DMARDs and biologic agents as well as the potential role of emerging therapeutics will be reviewed.
Blood cell rheology in acute cerebral infarction. (1989)

Recently it has been hypothesized that leukocyte rheology could be a relevant variable of the microcirculation during cerebral ischemia. However, relatively few studies have been carried out on the rheologic behavior of leukocytes in vascular diseases. This study aimed at quantifying the filterability through Nuclepore filters (mean pore diameter 5 microns) of both leukocyte subpopulations and red blood cells in patients with acute stroke compared with age-matched healthy controls. Leukocytes were separated by density into polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. Filterability of the red blood cells and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear subpopulations in buffer was measured using a constant-flow and low-positive pressure system. We used one-way analysis of variance, signed rank sum, and simple and multiple regression tests for statistical analysis. Twenty consecutive male patients with acute ischemic infarction were compared with 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Mononuclear cell filterability was impaired in acute stroke (7.26 +/- 2.00) compared with the controls (5.55 +/- 1.23) (p less than 0.01). Polymorphonuclear cell filterability was less, but still significantly (p less than 0.05), impaired in acute infarction (5.75 +/- 0.87 vs. 4.19 +/- 0.43). The results show that leukocyte and, especially, mononuclear cell filterability is impaired in acute infarction, while no differences exist in red blood cell filterability.
The spectral domain method in electromagnetics (1989)

Presents an introduction to spectral domain techniques and illustrates their application to a variety of electromagnetic boundary value problems. An integrated approach to the solution of seemingly diverse problems is presented in order to show the underlying unity of solution. Complex problems can
The role of the C‐terminal region of rat brain natriuretic peptide in receptor selectivity (1992)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have different C-terminal tail structures compared with the rather conservative ring structures which consist of 17 amino acid residues. To examine the different effects of the tail structures of ANP and BNP on their interaction with receptors, we synthesized several peptide analogs and measured their biological actions in three different assay systems. Deletion of the C-terminal tail from rat BNP did not effect the vasorelaxation activity against rat aorta, but it promoted cGMP production in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). Deletion of the C-terminal tail from rat ANP diminished both vasorelaxant and cGMP producing activities. In a binding competition assay with RASMC and [125I]rat ANP-(1-28), the competition activities of both ANP and BNP were greatly reduced by C-terminal deletion. In addition, we obtained agonists with novel receptor selectivity.
Wireless 3D localization of animals for trait and behavior analysis in indoor and outdoor areas (2009)

This paper describes a system for three dimensional indoor and outdoor localization of animals using a sequential Monte-Carlo-Method. A Kalman based particle filter is used to improve the measurement quality by incorporating the dynamics of the target object. The positioning method was integrated into a system for animal behavior analysis which provides extensive features to identify habitual residence and movement patterns of the animals.
Recognition of nucleic acids by pattern‐recognition receptors and its relevance in autoimmunity (2011)

Host cells trigger signals for innate immune responses upon recognition of conserved structures in microbial pathogens. Nucleic acids, which are critical components for inheriting genetic information in all species including pathogens, are key structures sensed by the innate immune system. The corresponding receptors for foreign nucleic acids include members of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and intracellular DNA sensors. While nucleic acid recognition by these receptors is required for host defense against the pathogen, there is a potential risk to the host of self-nucleic acids recognition, thus precipitating autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of nucleic acid-sensing receptors in guarding against pathogen invasion, discriminating between self and non-self, and contributing to autoimmunity and autoinflammatory diseases.
Pulsed wideband IR thermal source (1997)

A pulsed mid-IR thermal source based on electrical heating of a thin metal alloy foil up to red heat (~ 900°C) and cooled by its own radiation has been studied. The device, with emitting area diameters ranging from 25 mm to 1.7 mm, is based on a suspended bispiral metal foil geometry which offers substantial thermal isolation from the supporting structure. The infrared emission is two sided, but the reverse side radiation may be reflected through the plane of the bispiral heater to enhance the total forward emission. Practical devices are described in respect of their mechanical, electrical and infrared emitting properties. An encapsulated form of the smallest device incorporates an infrared transmitting window and infrared beam directivity and intensity-enhancing focusing reflector, and has a typical modulation depth of 85% at 10 Hz. Thermal target and gas detector applications of these sources are discussed.