gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunodiagnosis of Parasitic Diseases with Synthetic Peptides (2003)

Parasitic diseases remain as a major public health problem worldwide, not only based on their historically high morbidity and mortality rates, but also because risk factors associated with their transmission are increasing. Laboratory diagnosis and particularly immunodiagnosis is a basic tool for the demonstration, clinical management and control of these infections. Classically, the serological tests for the detection of antibodies or antigens are based on the use of crude and purified antigens. Synthetic peptides have opened a new field and perspectives, as the source of pure epitopes and molecules for diagnosis of malaria, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, hidatidosis, cysticercosis and fasciolosis based on the detection of antibodies and circulating antigens. Herein, are critically reviewed the relevant advances and applications of the synthetic peptides on immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases. A variety of sequences, constructs (monomers, polymers, MAPs), immunological methods and samples have been used, demonstrating their diagnostic potential. However, in most parasitic infections it is necessary to use more than a single peptide in order to avoid the genetic restriction against certain epitopes, as well as to test them in well characteized groups of patients, in order to confirm their sensitivity and specificity. The concept of multidiagnosis with synthetic peptides, using a novel multi-dot blot assay is introduced. Finally, the chemical imitation of antigens, offers a tremendous posibilities in the diagnosis of parasitic infections in developing countries since this strategy is cheaper, simpler, reproducible, useful for large scale testing and in most cases, specific and sensitive.
The Volatile Constituents of the Coffee Flower (Coffea arabica L.) (1997)

Although coffee beans have been well studied, the volatile constituents of the coffee flower have not previously been investigated. An extract of coffee flower (Coffea arabica L.) was analyzed by GC–MS and found to contain a significant number of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds as well as phenylethane derivatives. The novel epoxygeraniols (2,3-epoxygeraniol and 6,7-epoxygeraniol) were also detected as minor components. These epoxides were estimated to be an approximately equal mixture of both enantiomers by chiral GC analysis. Optically active 2,3-epoxygeraniols were synthesized by Sharpless's asymmetric epoxydation (AE), and 6,7-epoxygeraniols were prepared utilizing Sharpless's asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) as a key step in high optical purities (96–99% ee). Epoxygeraniols were found to possess rosy and muguet-like aromas reminiscent of the living flower. Considerable differences of aroma were perceived between the enantiomers. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Essential, Cell Cycle-dependent and Semiconservative ORC Dimerization Cycle Critically Regulates DNA Replication (2013)

Eukaryotic DNA replication licensing, a prerequisite for genome duplication, plays a critical role to ensure that all chromosomal DNA is replicated exactly once per cell cycle. It involves the recruitment of replication-initiation proteins by origin recognition complex (ORC) to form pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at replication origins. ORC binds to and marks replication origins throughout the cell cycle. However, the regulation of ORC in replication licensing has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that ORC self-interacts and dimerizes (forming a double heterohexamer) before pre-RC formation in budding yeast. Upon S phase entry, each double hexamer ORC separates into two single hexamers to bind each pair of nascent origins until late M phase. The non-chromatin-bound ORC then associates with the chromatin-bound ORC to reform double hexamers at the M-to-G1 transition. Preventing ORC dimerization by depleting non-chromatin bound ORC proteins in M phase, or by Orc6p point mutations that disrupt ORC self-interaction but can maintain ORC inter-subunit interactions, abolishes pre-RC formation, DNA replication and cell proliferation and viability. Similarly, human ORC also self interacts. Moreover, hORC co-localizes on stretched human chromatin fiber bundles in a cell cycle dependent manner: occurs in G1 phase but not in G2/M phase. Our findings uncovered an essential, cell cycle-dependent and semi-conservative ORC ‘dimerization cycle’ that plays three fundamental roles in the regulation of DNA replication: providing a symmetric platform to load the symmetric pre-RCs, marking and protecting the nascent sister replication origins until the next licensing, and providing the first guard against origin re-licensing within the same cell cycle.
Predicting the uncertainty of sentiment adjectives in indirect answers (2011)

Opinion question answering (QA) requires automatic and correct interpretation of an answer relative to its question. However, the ambiguity that often exists in the question-answer pairs causes complexity in interpreting the answers. This paper aims to infer yes/no answers from indirect yes/no question-answer pairs (IQAPs) that are ambiguous due to the presence of ambiguous sentiment adjectives. We propose a method to measure the uncertainty of the answer in an IQAP relative to its question. In particular, to infer the yes or no response from an IQAP, our method employs antonyms, synonyms, word sense disambiguation as well as the semantic association between the sentiment adjectives that appear in the IQAP. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over the baseline.
An Alternative and Effective HIV Vaccination Approach Based on Inhibition of Antigen Presentation Attenuators in Dendritic Cells (2005)

This study demonstrates that SOCS1 functions as an antigen presentation attenuator to control both HIV-1-specific humoral and cellular responses. This study represents the first, to our knowledge, attempt to elicit HIV-specific T cell and antibody responses by inhibiting a host's antigen presentation attenuator, which may open a new and alternative avenue to develop effective therapeutic and prophylactic HIV vaccines.
Relevant genomics of neurotensin receptor in cancer. (2000)

The expressed sequence tag (EST) databases are an attractive starting point for gene discovery for diseases like cancer. Validation of gene targets from these sequences (both known and novel) in cancers requires a comprehensive expression profiling. We identified from the Cancer Gene Anatomy Project database (CGAP), a hit called neurotensin receptor (NT-r) that was expressed in the pancreatic cancer cDNA libraries. Neurotensin (NT), a neuroendocrine peptide, exerts trophic effects in vivo and stimulates the growth of cancer-derived cell lines in vitro. High affinity neurotensin receptors (NT-r) are expressed in cancer-derived cell lines and in some primary tumors. To date, a comprehensive expression profile of the NT-r in diverse cancers and normal tissues has not been reported. A cancer-selective expression of NT-r, if demonstrable, may provide a basis for a diagnostic and potential therapeutic utility. We demonstrate that the NT-r is expressed in a variety of cancer-derived cell lines as well as primary tumors, but only in a select few normal tissues. The expression of NT, on the other hand, was detected in many normal tissues, but not in the cancer-derived cell lines. The NT expression however, was detected in the primary tumors. We further demonstrate that NT expression is stimulated by androgen deprivation in the prostate cancer models. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a panel of cDNA repository for rapid validation of potential cancer targets.
Development of thermoelectric generating stacked modules aiming for 15% of conversion efficiency (2005)

Under NEDO project "The development for advanced thermoelectric conversion system", Komatsu Ltd. is involved in R&D for suicide, Bi-Te and their cascading modules. Aiming to 15% of conversion efficiency /spl eta/ under the hot side T/sub h/=580/spl deg/C and the cold side T/sub c/=30/spl deg/C until March, 2007, 12% as midterm target was already well attained. In the next 2 years, module designing as well as materials tuning are surely the major topics in terms of superior durability. Bi-Te module, which is established as Peltier cooler, was adjusted to be suitable for generation purpose. So far, better than 7.8% of conversion efficiency with T/sub h/=280/spl deg/C and T/sub c/=30/spl deg/C was obtained and reproducibility was also well confirmed. Komatsu started investigation for suicide materials as well as module fabrication together with this NEDO project. The performance of suicide module using n-type Mg-Si and p-type MnSi are being steadily improved due to not only the elevation of Z-values of the materials but also maturity of module fabrication technique. Then, better than 8% of efficiency has been maintained at T/sub h/=550/spl deg/C and T/sub c/=30/spl deg/C. Besides each single module, the cascading one was successfully stacked and the performance was achieved almost as expected. /spl eta/=12.1% with T/sub h/=550/spl deg/C and T/sub c/=30/spl deg/C was actually accomplished up to now.
Photosynthesis and assimilate partitioning between carbohydrates and isoprenoid products in vegetatively active and dormant guayule: physiological and environmental constraints on rubber accumulation in a semiarid shrub (2010)

The stems and roots of the semiarid shrub guayule, Parthenium argentatum, contain a significant amount of natural rubber. Rubber accumulates in guayule when plants are vegetatively and reproductively dormant, complicating the relationship between growth/reproduction and product synthesis. To evaluate the factors regulating the partitioning of carbon to rubber, carbon assimilation and partitioning were measured in guayule plants that were grown under simulated summer- and winter-like conditions and under winter-like conditions with CO(2) enrichment. These conditions were used to induce vegetatively active and dormant states and to increase the source strength of vegetatively dormant plants, respectively. Rates of CO(2) assimilation, measured under growth temperatures and CO(2) , were similar for plants grown under summer- and winter-like conditions, but were higher with elevated CO(2) . After 5 months, plants grown under summer-like conditions had the greatest aboveground biomass, but the lowest levels of non-structural carbohydrates and rubber. In contrast, the amount of resin in the stems was similar under all growth conditions. Emission of biogenic volatile compounds was more than three-fold higher in plants grown under summer- compared with winter-like conditions. Taken together, the results show that guayule plants maintain a high rate of photosynthesis and accumulate non-structural carbohydrates and rubber in the vegetatively dormant state, but emit volatile compounds at a lower rate when compared with more vegetatively active plants. Enrichment with CO(2) in the vegetatively dormant state increased carbohydrate content but not the amount of rubber, suggesting that partitioning of assimilate to rubber is limited by sink strength in guayule.
Workflow modeling and diagnosis with Petri nets - A case study of a manufacturing process (2003)

This paper presents modeling and analysis of workflows for Printing Wiring Board manufacturing system using Petri nets.
Clinicopathological problems of the local tissue effect of IUDs containing copper. III. Cytochemical study of the endometrial scrapings. (1989)

The clinicopathological problems of the tissue effect of copper-containing IUDs are discussed. In the third part of their series, authors present the cytochemical analysis of the endometrial scrapings. For the investigations, dithizone, salicylaldoxime, rubeanic acid as well as dimethylglyoxime were used. The reaction precipitate, the copper dithizone complex, could be visualized partly intracellularly and intramitochondrially and partly interstitially. The technical problems of copper demonstration are also dealt with.
Modeling for Determinants of Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis (2015)

This study aims to identify robust push and pull factors of human trafficking. I test for the robustness of 70 push and 63 pull factors suggested in the literature. In doing so, I employ an extreme bound analysis, running more than two million regressions with all possible combinations of variables for up to 153 countries during the period of 1995–2010. My results show that crime prevalence robustly explains human trafficking both in destination and origin countries. Income level also has a robust impact, suggesting that the cause of human trafficking shares that of economic migration. Law enforcement matters more in origin countries than destination countries. Interestingly, a very low level of gender equality may have constraining effects on human trafficking outflow, possibly because gender discrimination limits female mobility that is necessary for the occurrence of human trafficking.
Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Challenges in Electrocatalysis and Interfacial Charge Transfer (2019)

Alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) fuel cells have attracted significant interest in the past decade, thanks to the recent developments in hydroxide-anion conductive membranes. In this article, we compare the performance of current state of the art AAEM fuel cells to proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and elucidate the sources of various overpotentials. While the continued development of highly conductive and thermally stable anion-exchange membranes is unambiguously a principal requirement, we attempt to put the focus on the challenges in electrocatalysis and interfacial charge transfer at an alkaline electrode/electrolyte interface. Specifically, a critical analysis presented here details the (i) fundamental causes for higher overpotential in hydrogen oxidation reaction, (ii) mechanistic aspects of oxygen reduction reaction, (iii) carbonate anion poisoning, (iv) unique challenges arising from the specific adsorption of alkaline ionomer cation-exchange head groups on electrocatalysts surfaces, and (v) the potential of alternative small molecule fuel oxidation. This review and analysis encompasses both the precious and nonprecious group metal based electrocatalysts from the perspective of various interfacial charge-transfer phenomena and reaction mechanisms. Finally, a research roadmap for further improvement in AAEM fuel cell performance is delineated here within the purview of electrocatalysis and interfacial charge transfer.
Development of Triazolopyrimidine Herbicides (2008)

Triazolopyrimidine herbicides are grouped as the third-category ALS inhibitors that are distinguished by their triazolopyrimidine rings.This is a type of high activity herbicide.Research has been actively pursued since the late 1980s,and flumetsulam was launched in 1994.This paper discussed the development of triazolopyrimidine herbicides and introduced the practical triazolopyrimidine ALS inhibitors.
Novel immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface ?escape? mutants and its application in liver transplant recipients (2001)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains with mutations in the surface gene are responsible for the failure of prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in a proportion of patients transplanted for HBsAg positive cirrhosis. So far, the emergence and evolution of these 'surface antibody escape' mutants have been studied by DNA sequencing. In this study the use of an immunoassay is described for diagnosis and characterisation of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (OLT), based on a monoclonal antibody able to recognise both wild-type and mutant HBsAg. Pre- and post-transplant samples from 22 patients transplanted for HBsAg positive cirrhosis were studied: Group A: 12 patients who reinfected the graft despite receiving HBIG; Group B: 6 patients with no HBV recurrence with continuous HBIG; Group C: 4 patients with HBV recurrence without prophylaxis. By running the new assay in parallel with an immunoassay that is susceptible to HBsAg mutants, 4 of 12 cases were identified in Group A with HBV recurrence due to surface antibody escape mutants, whereas in 8 patients this was due to the wild-type HBV. The results from the immunoassays were confirmed in all cases by HBV DNA sequencing. The surface gene mutations in the 4 patients affected codons 144 and 145 and in one of these 4 patients HBV strains with mutations in both codons were detected before and after transplantation. The epitope recognised by the new monoclonal antibody that reacts with both wild-type and mutant HBsAg seems to remain stable in the HBIG-induced HBV mutants. This serological approach allows rapid and cost-effective screening for HBsAg escape mutants in the liver transplant setting and may be helpful in the selection of appropriate prophylaxis.
Combination therapies for COVID‐19: An overview of the clinical trials landscape (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an unprecedented level of global activity in drug discovery and clinical development for effective therapeutics targeting the coronavirus disease. There are currently 744 therapeutics being tested in 2879 clinical trials globally. Almost 90% of these clinical trials are focused on monotherapies. Combination therapies are the mainstay of antiviral therapeutics to increase the potency of the individual compounds and to combat the rapid evolution of resistance, although combination therapies have inherently complex clinical and regulatory development challenges. Increased understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle and COVID-19 pathology provides a scientific rationale for evaluating the effectiveness of different combinations. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current clinical trial landscape for combination therapeutics targeting COVID-19 through weekly scanning of national and international clinical trial registries. Our analysis delves specifically into dual combination therapies in what can be defined as "pivotal clinical trials" (active, randomised, controlled and at least phase II), with a focus on new and repurposed therapeutic candidates that have shown positive signals and/or been granted authorisation for emergency use based on positive efficacy and safety data.
Jahn–Teller physics and high-Tc superconductivity (2008)

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides was not accidental, but was based on the knowledge that the divalent copper ion, Cu2+, is one of the strongest Jahn–Teller ions. The Jahn–Teller effect is a consequence of the interplay between electronic degeneracy and coupling to the lattice, i.e. unconventional local electron–lattice interactions. The search for superconductivity in copper oxides was motivated by the idea that Jahn–Teller polaron formation could be a novel and much stronger glue for electron pairing than conventional Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer electron–phonon coupling. The consequences of these ideas are unconventional isotope effects and complex pairing symmetries related to multiband superconductivity, which are reviewed here.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Suppository Dosage Form Containing Omeprazole (1997)

A suppository containing omeprazole was prepared for use as a non-oral dosage form. The stability of omeprazole in different bases, Witepsol H15, Witepsol S55, Witepsol E75 and polyethylene glycol was investigated.



Omeprazole was found to be stable only in Witepsol H15. The in-vitro release of omeprazole from Witepsol H15 was good and apparently obeyed a zero-order release pattern. The serum levels of omeprazole after administration of a single dose of the suppository were compared with the enteric formulation in four beagle dogs. The absorption rate from the suppository was significantly more rapid, compared with the commercially available enteric tablet, Omepral. The area under the serum omeprazole level-time curve, after administration of the suppository, was approximately equal to that of the enteric tablet. Similar results were obtained in four healthy volunteers.



We conclude that omeprazole, in suppository form suppresses gastric juice secretion as effectively as the commercial enteric tablet. These results suggest that the suppository is an effective dosage form of omeprazole for patients who cannot tolerate oral administration in countries where injectable forms are not available.
Sentic blending: Scalable multimodal fusion for the continuous interpretation of semantics and sentics (2013)

The capability of interpreting the conceptual and affective information associated with natural language through different modalities is a key issue for the enhancement of human-agent interaction. The proposed methodology, termed sentic blending, enables the continuous interpretation of semantics and sentics (i.e., the conceptual and affective information associated with natural language) based on the integration of an affective common-sense knowledge base with any multimodal signal-processing module. In this work, in particular, sentic blending is interfaced with a facial emotional classifier and an opinion mining engine. One of the main distinguishing features of the proposed technique is that it does not simply perform cognitive and affective classification in terms of discrete labels, but it operates in a multidimensional space that enables the generation of a continuous stream characterising user's semantic and sentic progress over time, despite the outputs of the unimodal categorical modules have very different time-scales and output labels.
You shall not pass (2016)

Spam is a widespread problem for many online services. The use case in this paper is the social bookmarking system Bib-Sonomy, which received over 150 times more registrations from spam users than from normal users over the last ten years.
Twelve Sound Channels During the Vertical Sync Interval of the Television Signal (1970)

The paper reports on a method for transmitting several audio signals within the video-signal spectrum so that, e.g. during satellite transmissions, audio signals associated with the picture can be transmitted and received-in several languages. The audio signals, each in one idle line, are transmitted in a time-compressed form during the vertical flyback. At the receiver the audio signal of the desired language is selected by a line selector, then stored e.g. in a MOS-storage and, in the original mode. retransmitted with a bandwidth of about 13 kHz to the sound amplifier during the consecutive frame.
Surface normal estimation of black specular objects from multiview polarization images (2016)

Polarization is a phenomenon that cannot be observed by the human eye, but it provides rich information regarding scenes. The proposed method estimates the surface normal of black specular objects through polarization analysis of reflected light. A unique surface normal cannot be determined from a polarization image observed from a single viewpoint; thus, we observe the object from multiple viewpoints. To analyze the polarization state of the reflected light at the corresponding points when observed from multiple viewpoints, the abstract shape is predetermined using a space carving technique. Unlike a conventional photometric stereo or multiview stereo, which cannot estimate the shape of a black specular object, the proposed method estimates the surface normal and three-dimensional coordinates of black specular objects via polarization analysis and space carving.