gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microprocessor based intelligent battery charger (2002)

Eagle-Picher's intelligent battery charger (IBC) incorporates extensive space/military level battery and electronic experience into a product which delivers high reliability, low maintenance operation, and cost effectiveness. The product also benefits from the fact that the controlling electronics are designed and built by the most diversified battery chemistry manufacturer. The IBC is incorporated with the modular DC-DC converters manufactured by Vicor. The advantages of using these converters are higher energy efficiency, miniaturization, less heat generation and design flexibility. By exploiting the advantages of the IBC and the DC-DC converters, a system may be designed for an application requiring a specific battery chemistry and power requirement. This is accomplished simply by the programming of the IBC and module designation. This design flexibility provides the designer cost effective alternatives to stringent power system requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vertebral Distraction during Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Causes Postoperative Neck Pain (2013)

Vertebral distraction may cause posterior neck pain in the immediate postoperative days. We recommend not to distract the intervertebral disc space excessively with a force of more than 6.0 kgf·cm.
Myoelectric control of prosthetic hands: state-of-the-art review (2016)

Myoelectric signals (MES) have been used in various applications, in particular, for identification of user intention to potentially control assistive devices for amputees, orthotic devices, and exoskeleton in order to augment capability of the user. MES are also used to estimate force and, hence, torque to actuate the assistive device. The application of MES is not limited to assistive devices, and they also find potential applications in teleoperation of robots, haptic devices, virtual reality, and so on. The myoelectric control-based prosthetic hand aids to restore activities of daily living of amputees in order to improve the self-esteem of the user. All myoelectric control-based prosthetic hands may not have similar operations and exhibit variation in sensing input, deciphering the signals, and actuating prosthetic hand. Researchers are focusing on improving the functionality of prosthetic hand in order to suit the user requirement with the different operating features. The myoelectric control differs in operation to accommodate various external factors. This article reviews the state of the art of myoelectric prosthetic hand, giving description of each control strategy.
Multiple layers of self-asssembled Ge/Si islands: Photoluminescence, strain fields, material interdiffusion, and island formation (2000)

Strain fields in stacked layers of vertically aligned self-assembled Ge islands on Si(100) can cause a reduction of the wetting layer thickness in all but the initial layer and hence induce an energy separation $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{\mathrm{wl}}$ between the energy transitions of the different wetting layers. Our systematic photoluminescence (PL) study on twofold stacked Ge/Si layers shows that the quantity $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{\mathrm{wl}}$ is a sensitive function of the Si spacer thickness and reflects the degree of strain field interaction between the island layers. Pronounced PL blueshifts are also observed for the island related energy transition in twofold and multifold island layers. We suggest that with increasing number of stacked island layers strain field superposition of buried islands causes enhanced SiGe material intermixing during Si overgrowth of the islands. This effect naturally explains the strong PL blueshift of the island related energy transition. Recently observed shape transformations in stacked Ge islands are well explained by our model of superimposed strain fields. We also discuss the initial stages of island formation in the second Ge layer of twofold island stacks. Many of the effects observed in this paper on the Ge/Si system are probably also important for self-assembling III/V islands but due to extremely small sizes are much harder to evaluate.
Online Resource Management for Improving Reliability of Real-Time Systems on “Big–Little” Type MPSoCs (2018)

Heterogeneous multiprocessor systems on a chips (MPSoCs) consisting of cores with different performance/power characteristics are widely used in many real-time embedded systems, where both soft-error reliability and lifetime reliability are key concerns. Although existing efforts have investigated related problems, they either focus on one of the two reliability concerns or propose time-consuming scheduling algorithms that cannot adequately address runtime workload and environmental variations. This paper introduces an online framework which is adaptive to runtime variations and maximizes soft-error reliability while satisfying the lifetime reliability constraint for soft real-time systems executing on MPSoCs that are composed of high-performance cores and low-power (LP) cores. Based on each core's executing frequency and utilization, the framework performs workload migration between high-performance cores and LP cores to reduce power consumption and improve soft-error reliability. Experimental results based on different hardware platforms show that the proposed approach reduces the probability of failures due to soft errors by at least 17% and 50% on average compared to a number of representative existing approaches that satisfy the same lifetime reliability constraints.
Studies on quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives. IV. Reaction of quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides with 3-aminocrotononitrile and related compounds. (1979)

The reaction of quinoline 1-oxide with 3-aminocrotononitrile or 3-aminocinnamonitrile in the presence of benzoyl chloride afforded 2-methyl-or 2-phenyl-imidazo [1, 2-a] quinoline-1-carbonitriles along with the 2-substituted quinoline derivatives. This reaction was also observed on isoquinoline 2-oxide and 1-methyl- and 1-phenyl-imidazo [2, 1-a] isoquinoline-2-carbonitriles were obtained. The mechanism of the reaction was described tentatively.
Estudo comparativo das indicações de cesariana entre um hospital público-universitário e um hospital privado (2002)

OBJETIVOS: analisar a incidência e as indicações de cesariana realizadas no Hospital Escola da Falculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro e um hospital privado, ambos localizados em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: trata-se de estudo transversal desenvolvido a partir da coleta nos prontuários dos hospitais, consistindo da idade, procedência, situação conjugal, escolaridade, paridade e indicações de cesariana. RESULTADOS: a incidência de cesariana foi de 24,3% no Hospital Escola contra 89,2% no hospital privado. As indicações mais freqüentes de cesariana no Hospital Escola foram a cesárea iterativa (26,7%), distócia (22,4%) e o sofrimento fetal agudo (18,2%), e no hospital privado foram cesárea iterativa (36%) e distócia (36%). As pacientes do hospital privado tinham maior escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: os dados sugerem que o aumento de cesarianas no hospital privado foi decorrente de iteratividade, distócia e a escolaridade mais elevada das pacientes.
Логистическое моделирование экономической динамики. Ч. II (2004)

Logistic models for analysis and prediction of macrosystems' economic dynamics are considered. The paper discusses nonlinear models for short-term goods market planning based on various market rigidity types. It offers a logistic model for pensions provision optimization. A logistic ultrasmall impact model that describes the dynamics of complex systems' tolerance to slow entropy accumulation factors is substantiated.
N-type calcium channel blockers in pain and stroke (1998)

N-type calcium channels are located at presynaptic termini throughout the central nervous system (CNS), where they play a key role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. In the pain pathway, N-type calcium channels in the spinal cord directly mediate spinal transmission of pain signals from the periphery to the CNS. In cerebral ischaemia, neuronal injury is also, in part, mediated through the activity of N-type calcium channels. The recent development of a selective N-type calcium channel blocking peptide, SNX-111 (Ziconotide, Neurex Corp., USA) has shown unequivocally that the N-type calcium channel is an important drug target for both analgesia and neuroprotection. SNX-111 is now in late stage clinical development for the treatment of various acute and chronic pain states, brain damage following cerebral ischaemia, closed head trauma and coronary artery bypass surgery. Over the last decade, the search for a selective small molecule blocker of N-type channels has been intense and has resulted in the discovery of a number of promising compounds, although none so far have been reported to have entered clinical trials.
4-GHz frequency division with GaAs MESFET ICs (1977)

BY FAR the most popular application of ultra high-speed logic is frequency division. This paper will discuss the design and implementation of frequency dividers with the presently fastest general-purpose IC logic family, GaAs MESFET logic^1
Considerations on system-level behavioural and structural modeling extensions to VHDL (2002)

This paper reviews the requirements on a language for modeling behaviour and structure at the system level, and considers possible approaches to extending VHDL to meet these requirements. Modeling issues in a system-level design language are identified, including abstraction of data, concurrency, communication and timing, and design refinement. Some system-level design languages and notations are surveyed, and previous proposals to extend VHDL for system-level design are reviewed. Specific language design issues for extending VHDL are discussed, and some alternative solutions are presented.
1995 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (1995)

Quartz oscillators which serve as the time and frequency references on satellite missions are called upon to meet stringent performance requirements. Recent applications call for the best possible stabilities and low noise performance while at the same time demanding features such as high resolution remote digital tuning, which can potentially compromise ultimate stability. In this paper, we present test results and a discussion of some design criteria and strategies for meeting requirements of high precision, survivability and reliability. The error budget for critical performance factors is examined within the context of a worst case analysis. This includes resonator aging vs. tuning range as it is impacted by tuning step resolution requirements. Frequency deviations can be driven by environmental factors, such as: temperature extremes and rate of change of the temperature on orbit; local magnetic fields; fluctuations in the level of ionizing radiation, and the constant accumulation of radiation dose. Thermal control for the quartz resonator oven achieves small temperature coefficients. Thermal design requires trade-offs between the ideal of thermal isolation from the ambient, and rugged construction. Long term testing of Allan deviation is described, and aging rate results in the low e-l1 range are presented. High resolution test methods and results for radiation sensitivity screening are discussed, with particular reference to low dose testing. Resonator sensitivities in the le-l1 per rad range for a 4 rad/hour exposure have been observed for 4 MHz adhered electrode SC-cut resonators.
Triptycene-based tetralactam macrocycles: synthesis, structure and complexation with squaraine (2008)

Two novel triptycene-based tetralactam macrocycles as a pair of diastereomers were synthesized, and showed highly efficient complexation with squaraine, which could subsequently protect the squaraine dye from polar solvents.
Adiponectin gene polymorphisms modulate acute adiponectin response to dietary fat (2008)

The at-risk adiponectin SNPs 45TT and 276GT are significantly more prevalent in NAFLD than in the general population; they are associated with severity of liver disease, with blunted postprandial adiponectin response, and with an atherogenic postprandial lipoprotein profile in NASH independently of fasting adipokine and lipid levels.
Using Component Technology for Group Editors — The Iris Group Editor Environment (1997)

Component technology and framework concepts are seen as the solution to typical engineering problems that emerge when building groupware. In this paper we introduce and discuss group editors as one example for the nee for component based design in the groupware application domain. We first outline the requirements for group editor applications and show how these requirements could be solved by applying framework concepts. Then we present the architecture of our group editor environment IRIS and describe the basic architecture concepts and the user interface component infrastructure ICI.
Mechanism of Automatic Deployment for Virtual Network Environment (2013)

With traditional network architecture, it is hard to reach the requirement of elasticity deployment of the network. With virtual network architecture, although it is relatively easy to setup the network, but the system manager still needs tons of setup steps to accomplish his mission. Moreover, the setup steps of the solutions of virtual network are various, and give no guarantee to its consistency. In this paper, we introduce a new approach of network deployment mechanism, named "Mechanism of Automatic Deployment for Virtual Network Environment, MADV", to simplify the setup steps, and make it more friendly and ease to use for the newbies. We believe that with the MADV mechanism, the system manger can use it to deploy the hosts with low cost.
An efficient simplified behavioral model for RF power amplifiers (2011)

We present efficient simplified behavioral models for power amplifier (PA) and its digital predistorter (DPD). Even though the many promising models have been proposed, more rigorous derivation and improvements in terms of performance and complexity are needed. In this paper, new approach is attempted to tackle the above. After building basis set based on simple rules, the new efficient and simplified models are derived by adding only the appropriate basis into the previous composite bases. The experimental results show that the proposed models for the PA and DPD outperform the conventional models.
A New Calibration Procedure for Magnetic Tracking Systems (2008)

In this study, we suggest a new approach for the calibration of magnetic tracking systems that allows us to calibrate the entire system in a single setting. The suggested approach is based on solving a system of equations involving all the system parameters. These parameters include: 1) the magnetic positions of the transmitting coils; 2) their magnetic moments; 3) the magnetic position of the sensor; 4) its sensitivity; and 5) the gain of the sensor output amplifier. We choose a set of parameters that define the origin, orientation, and scale of the reference coordinate system and consider them as constants in the above system of equations. Another set of constants is the sensor output measured at a number of arbitrary positions. The unknowns in the above equations are all the other system parameters. To define the origin and orientation of the reference coordinate system, we first relate it to a physical object, e.g., to the transmitter housing. We then use special supports to align the sensor with the edges of the transmitter housing and measure the sensor output at a number of aligned positions. To define the scale of the reference coordinate system, we measure the distance between two arbitrary sensor locations with a precise instrument (a caliper). This is the only parameter that should be calibrated with the help of an external measurement tool. To illustrate the efficiency of the new approach, we applied the calibration procedure to a magnetic tracking system employing 64 transmitting coils. We have measured the systematic tracking errors before and after applying the calibration. The systematic tracking errors were reduced by an order of magnitude due to applying the new calibration procedure.
Metformin prevention of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 involves oxidative stress generation and modulation of cell adaptation genes (2019)

Metformin was shown to sensitize multidrug resistant breast cancer cells; however, the mechanisms involved in this capacity need to be clarified. We investigated oxidative stress and inflammatory-related pathways during the induction of doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (DOX-res group), and evaluated metformin-induced cellular responses that resulted in the prevention of doxorubicin resistance (Met-DOX group). Microarray analysis demonstrated that DOX-res changed the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress (OS) and the TGF- β1 pathway. The DOX-res group presented increased thiols and reduced lipoperoxidation, increased levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and reduced nuclear p53 labelling. Analysis of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by RT-PCR array showed that DOX-res developed adaptive responses, such as resistance against apoptosis and OS. Metformin treatment modified gene expression related to OS and the IFN-α signaling pathway. The Met-DOX group was more sensitive to DOX-induced OS, presented lower levels of nitric oxide, nuclear NF-kB and Nrf2, and increased nuclear p53. Analysis of the IFN-α signaling pathway showed that Met-DOX presented more sensitivity to apoptosis and OS. Our findings indicate that metformin is a promising tool in the prevention of chemoresistance in patients with breast cancer submitted to doxorubicin-based treatments.
PTHrP(1–36) as a skeletal anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis (1996)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (1-36) [(PTHrP(1-36)] has been shown to be one of the authentic secretory forms of PTHrP. Human studies employing this peptide have demonstrated that it is equipotent to parathyroid hormone (1-34). This observation, together with the observations that: (1) both peptides employ the same receptors; (2) both bind to this PTH/PTHrP receptor with equal affinity and activate the PTH/PTHrP receptor intracellular signaling pathways with the same efficacy; (3) both peptides are effective anabolic skeletal agents in laboratory animals; and (4) PTHrP is likely to be the endogenous skeletal ligand for the PTH/PTHrP receptor, collectively suggest that PTHrP (1-36) should be as equally effective as PTH(1-34) as an anabolic skeletal agent. In this mini-review, the theoretical basis for the exploration and development of PTHrP(1-36) as a potential therapeutic agent for osteoporosis is considered.
Protecting group variations of δ‐mercaptolysine useful in chemical ubiquitylation (2010)

The high efficiency and chemoselectivity of peptide ubiquitylation that is achieved using the delta-mercaptolysine prompted us to expand the scope of this residue in various ligation schemes. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of five analogues of this important amino acid bearing a variety of protecting groups, which is essential in sequential peptide ligation and ubiquitylation. The key-step in the synthesis is the nucleophilic 1,4-addition of a variety of thiols on a nitro olefin scaffold.
A flexible interface between two-dimensional representation and three-dimensional representation (2003)

An approach is presented to reconstructing an object from its engineering drawing by recognizing the 2-D features on the drawing and using volume sweeping. Important features on the drawing like symmetry, ear, rib, hole pattern and cross section are recognized. Nonexact projections are removed first, then primitives are constructed by sweep volume according to the cross section. The final object is the Boolean set of these sweep volumes. A prototype program is implemented according to this approach. Some selected examples are shown to demonstrate the processes. Limitations are discussed, and short-term improvements and long-term goals are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Boundary Delineation of Agricultural Fields in Multitemporal Satellite Imagery (2018)

Agricultural land-use statistics are more informative per-field than per-pixel. Land-use classification requires up-to-date field boundary maps potentially covering large areas containing thousands of farms. This kind of map is usually difficult to obtain. We have developed a new, automated method for deriving closed polygons around fields from time-series satellite imagery. We have been using this method operationally in New Zealand to map whole districts using imagery from several satellite sensors, with little need to vary parameters. Our method looks for boundaries-either step edges or linear features-surrounding regions of low variability throughout the time series. Local standard deviations from all image dates are combined, and the result is convolved with a series of extended directional edge filters. We propose that edge linearity over a long distance is a more important criterion than spectral difference for separating fields, so edge responses are thresholded primarily by length rather than strength. The resulting raster edge map (combined from all directions) is converted to vector (GIS) format and the final polygon topology is built. The method successfully segments parcels containing different crops and pasture, as well as those separated by boundaries such as roads and hedgerows. Here we describe the technique and demonstrate it for an agricultural study site (4000 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) using SPOT satellite imagery. We show that our result compares favorably with that from existing segmentation methods in terms of both quantitative quality metrics and suitability for land-use classification.
Lymphatic absorption and tissue disposition of liposome-entrapped [14C]adriamycin following intraperitoneal administration to rats. (1981)

The lymphatic absorption and tissue distribution of free [14C]Adriamycin, "empty" [3H]liposomes, free [14C]Adriamycin plus empty [3H]liposomes, and [14C]Adriamycin entrapped into [3H]liposomes have been examined at intervals after i.p. injection into rats. Following treatment with empty [3H]liposomes, almost 30% of the liposomal lipid marker was recovered in 24-hr thoracic duct lymph, but when [14C]Adriamycin was added to or encapsulated in liposomes, this value was reduced to 10%. Conversely, only 1% of free [14C]Adriamycin was recovered in 24-hr lymph, but liposomal encapsulation produced a six-fold increase in this value. Studies on the tissue distribution of the liposomal lipid marker after dosing with empty liposomes revealed uptake by diaphragm, liver and spleen, but the highest tissue concentrations were noted in lymph nodes. Liposomal encapsulation of Adriamycin altered its tissue disposition, chiefly by increasing the concentration of drug equivalents in diaphragm, liver and spleen. Although free Adriamycin was accumulated by lymph nodes to some extent, this lymph node accumulation was markedly enhanced by liposomal encapsulation and was present only in those nodes through which lymph draining the peritoneal cavity passes. This finding, together with the observation that diaphragm and thoracic duct lymph contain relatively high levels of liposomal lipid and Adriamycin equivalents, indicates that liposomes are selectively absorbed from the peritoneal cavity by lymphatics and are retained by certain lymph nodes. The results of this study suggest that i.p. administration of liposome-encapsulated drugs may provide a means of selectively concentrating anti-tumor agents in lymphatic channels and lymph nodes.