gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No-Reference Video Quality Assessment Using Codec Analysis (2015)

A no-reference (NR) video quality assessment (VQA) method is presented for videos distorted by H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) and MPEG-2. The assessment is performed without access to the bitstream. Instead, we analyze and estimate coefficients based on decoded pixels. The approach involves distinguishing between the two types of videos, estimating the level of quantization used in the I-frames, and exploiting this information to assess the video quality. To do this for H.264/AVC, the distribution of the discrete cosine transform-coefficients after intra-prediction and deblocking are modeled. To obtain VQA features for H.264/AVC, we propose a novel estimation method of the quantization in H.264/AVC videos without bitstream access, which can also be used for peak signal-to-noise ratio estimation. The results from the MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC analysis are mapped to a perceptual measure of video quality by support vector regression. For validation purposes, the proposed method was tested on two databases. In both cases, a good performance compared with state of the art full, reduced, and NR VQA algorithms was achieved.
Preserving conceptual constraints during XML updates (2005)

Despite the increasing demand for an effective XML document repository, many are still reluctant to store XML documents in their natural tree form. One main reason is the inadequacy of XML query languages to update the tree‐form XML documents. Even though some of the languages have supported minimum update facilities, they do not concern on preserving the documents constraints. The results are updated documents with very low database integrity. In this paper, we propose a methodology to accommodate XML Update without violating the conceptual constraints of the documents. The method takes form as a set of functions that perform checking mechanisms before update operations. In this paper we discuss the conceptual constraints embedded in three different relationship structures: association, aggregation and inheritance relationship. We highlight four constraints related with association relationship (nuber of participants, referential integrity, cardinality, and adhesion), five constraints related with aggregation relationship (cardinality, adhesion, ordering, homogeneity and share‐ability) and two constraints related to inheritance relationship (disjoint and number of super‐class). In addition, a specific constraint, which is collection type of children, will also be discussed. The proposed method can be implemented in different ways, for example in this paper we use XQuery language. Since the XML update requires schema, in this paper we also propose the mapping of the these constraints in the conceptual level to the XML Schema. We use XML Schema for structure validation, even though the algorithm can be used by any schema languages.
Low-temperature epitaxial growth of GaAs on (100) silicon substrates (1985)

MBE growth of GaAs on (100) silicon has been achieved at low substrate temperatures with and without an initial desorption of the silicon surface. An arsenic overpressure (5 × 10 −8 torr) is necessary for epitaxial growth. The films grown were intrinsic and were twinned in the [110] direction.
The Preclotting of Porous Arterial Prostheses (1978)

A four-step preclotting method is presented for use with porous filamentous Dacron prostheses in the fully-heparinized patient. The method employs controlled fibrin formation within graft interstices, heparin neutralization of all thrombin remaining in the graft wall, and delay of systemic heparin neutralization until 15--20 minutes after clamp release. The resulting flow surface is impervious, smooth and hypothrombogenic. Experimental data are presented which support the rationale of this four-step preclotting method. Four years of clinical experience with the method are summarized, involving 300 prosthesis limbs used in aortic bifurcation, aortofemoral, femorofemoral, axillary-femoral and femoropopliteal positions in 192 patients. A clinical perspective of preclotting techniques is presented in which the proper use of this new method is suggested.
Glycosaminoglycan-free small proteoglycan core protein is secreted by fibroblasts from a patient with a syndrome resembling progeroid. (1987)

A male patient, 4 years 9 mo old and having progeroidal appearance, exhibited delayed mental development and multiple abnormalities of connective tissues including growth failure, osteopenia of all and dysplasia of some bones, defective deciduous teeth, loose but elastic skin, delayed wound healing with formation of thin atrophic scars, scanty scalp hair, hypotonic muscles, and hypermobile joints. Skin fibroblasts of the patient converted only about half of the core protein of the small proteodermatan sulfate to a mature glycosaminoglycan chain-bearing proteoglycan. The remaining core protein, which contained complex-type asparagine-bound oligosaccharides, was secreted with almost normal kinetics. Xylosyltransferase activity and the synthesis of other proteoglycan types were normal. Normal induction of glycosaminoglycan synthesis occurred in the presence of 1 mM, but there was very little induction in the presence of 0.01 mM p-nitrophenyl-beta-xyloside. An antibody against an N-terminal pentadecapeptide of the core protein recognized the glycosaminoglycan-free core protein from the patient less well than the chain-bearing protein treated with chondroitin ABC lyase. Though these results do not define the basic defect unambiguously, they provide the first report of a disorder being due to an abnormality in small proteoglycan biosynthesis.
Hardware support for flexible distributed shared memory (1998)

Workstation-based parallel systems are attractive due to their low cost and competitive uniprocessor performance. However, supporting a cache-coherent global address space on these systems involves significant overheads. We examine two approaches to coping with these overheads. First, DSM-specific hardware can be added to the off the-shelf component base to reduce overheads. Second, application-specific coherence protocols can avoid some overheads by exploiting programmer (or compiler) knowledge of an application's communication patterns. To explore the interaction between these approaches, we simulated four designs that add DSM acceleration hardware to a collection of off-the-shelf workstation nodes. Three of the designs support user-level software coherence protocols, enabling application-specific protocol optimizations. To verify the feasibility of our hardware approach, we constructed a prototype of the simplest design. Measured speedups from the prototype match simulation results closely. We find that, even with aggressive DSM hardware support, custom protocols can provide significant speedups for some applications. In addition, the custom protocols are generally effective at reducing the impact of other overheads, including those due to less aggressive hardware support and larger network latencies. However, for three of our benchmarks, the additional hardware acceleration provided by our most aggressive design avoid the need to develop more efficient custom protocols.
Brain Trace Amines: Mapping Studies and Effects of Mesencephalic Lesions (1988)

The brain trace amine concentration has been estimated by different research groups and extends over a wide range of values; the general tendency, however, has been towards the confirmation of the lower estimates (see Boulton and Juorio, 1982 for a discussion). The p- and m-isomers of TA, PE and T are present in the mammalian or avian brain; their concentrations, in comparison with that of dopamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine are quite small (Table 1). In contrast, the concentrations of p-TA, p-OA and T in some invertebrate ganglia or nerves are of similar order of that of the classical transmitters (Table 1). The reverse is also true, that is in some neural tissues the concentrations of some of the classical transmitters (noradrenaline, adrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine) are within the concentration range as defined for the trace amines (0.1–100 ng g-1) (Table 1) (for a discussion see Reader et al., 1987, this Symposium).
Nature of the insulating state in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">LaH</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

This paper reports a combined first-principles and many-body study of the nature of the insulating state in LaH${}_{3}$, focusing on the role of the electron correlation, which has been suggested as the mechanism responsible for the observed insulating behavior. The first-principles local-density-approximation (LDA) calculation produces a correct lattice constant but results in a semimetallic ground state, contrary to a recent optical experiment that showed that LaH${}_{3}$ is an insulator with a gap of 1.8 eV. An extended Hubbard model is constructed for LaH${}_{3}$ with its parameters extracted from the results of LDA total energy calculations. An exact-diagonalization study is then carried out to study the effect of the many-body correlation. The results show that the model produces an insignificant reduction of band overlap, thus demonstrating that the insulating ground state of LaH${}_{3}$ is not a Hubbard-type correlation-driven insulator.
Additive Margin Softmax for Face Verification (2018)

In this paper, we propose a conceptually simple and geometrically interpretable objective function, i.e. additive margin Softmax (AM-Softmax), for deep face verification. In general, the face verification task can be viewed as a metric learning problem, so learning large-margin face features whose intra-class variation is small and inter-class difference is large is of great importance in order to achieve good performance. Recently, Large-margin Softmax and Angular Softmax have been proposed to incorporate the angular margin in a multiplicative manner. In this work, we introduce a novel additive angular margin for the Softmax loss, which is intuitively appealing and more interpretable than the existing works. We also emphasize and discuss the importance of feature normalization in the paper. Most importantly, our experiments on LFW BLUFR and MegaFace show that our additive margin softmax loss consistently performs better than the current state-of-the-art methods using the same network architecture and training dataset. Our code has also been made available at https://github.com/happynear/AMSoftmax
High soil carbon dioxide concentrations inhibit root respiration of Douglas fir (1994)

Total and basal respiration (R<sub>t</sub> and R<sub>b</sub> , respectively) of intact and undisturbed roots of one-year-old Douglas fir seedlings, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn] Franco, were measured at experimentally varied soil carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO<sub>2</sub> ]). Use of specially designed root boxes and a CO<sub>2</sub> gas-flow compensating system designed around an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) allowed controlled delivery of CO<sub>2</sub> to roots and simultaneous measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> released by roots. Root respiration rate responded to each inlet [CO<sub>2</sub> ], independent of whether the previous concentration had been higher or lower, within two to three hours (paired t test = 0.041, P= 0.622, and n= 13). Total and basal respiration rates decreased exponentially as soil [CO<sub>2</sub> ] rose from 130 ppm, well below atmospheric [CO<sub>2</sub> ], to 7015 ppm, a concentration not uncommon in field soils. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of soil [CO<sub>2</sub> ] on rates of total and basal root respiration were statistically significant. Root respiration rates decreased by 4 to 5 nmol CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight of roots s<sup>-1</sup> for every doubling of [CO<sub>2</sub> ] according to the following equations: ln(R<sub>1</sub> ) (nmol CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) = 5.24-0.30*ln[CO<sub>2</sub> ] with r= 0.78, P < 0.0001, and n= 70; and ln(R<sub>b</sub> ) (nmol CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) = 6.29-0.52 * ln[CO<sub>2</sub> ] with r= 0.82, P < 0.0001, and n= 35. The sensitivity of root respiration to [CO<sub>2</sub> ] suggests that some previous laboratory measurements of root respiration at atmospheric [CO<sub>2</sub> ], which is 3 to 10-fold lower than [CO<sub>2</sub> ] in field soils, overestimated root respiration in the field. Further, the potential importance of soil [CO<sub>2</sub> ] indicates that it should be accounted for in models of below-ground carbon budgets.
Suppression of the Invasive Capacity of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator via Amiloride and B428 (2000)

Inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been shown to suppress cancer cell invasion and metastasis in the laboratory setting by numerous investigators. Most studies have used murine cell lines implanted in syngeneic rodents or transfected human cell lines grown in immunocompromised laboratory hosts. In this study using Matrigel invasion chambers and two separate uPA inhibitors, amiloride and B428, the invasive capacity of unaltered human breast cancer cells was significantly suppressed. Cell proliferation was also suppressed to a lesser degree. These findings suggest that uPA inhibition may be a valid clinical approach to the control of the invasion and metastasis of human cancers.
Potentiometric Saccharide Detection Based on the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Changes of Poly(aniline boronic acid) (2002)

A novel approach for the potentiometric detection of saccharides using poly(aniline boronic acid) is presented. A model is described in which the electrochemical potential is sensitive to the change in the pK(a) of the conducting polymer as a result of boronic acid-diol complexation. In this system, boronic acid complexation is the mode of transduction and it is manifested as changes in the electrochemical potential of the polymer with remarkable selectivity. Characteristics of both transient and steady-state response associated with the complexation are discussed. The presence of Nafion and fluoride during the electrochemical polymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid are shown to impact the sensitivity and the stability of the electrode response. The sensor sensitivity is improved significantly by increasing the concentration of sodium fluoride during the polymerization. Finally, the nature of the selectivity of the boronic acid-diol reaction under these conditions is explored by using molecular orbital calculations.
A New ICI Self-Cancellation Scheme Based on Repeated Symbol in OFDM Systems (2006)

Frequency offsets in OFDM communication systems distort the orthogonality between subcarriers, and then result in intercarrier interference (ICI). This paper studies a new ICI self-cancellation scheme for combating the impact of ICI on OFDM systems. Its basic idea is that ICI components are canceled by using repeated symbols on time domain. At first, the two repeated symbol blocks on time domain, in which the 1st block is formed by inserting zero in the symbol block of a conventional OFDM system, and the 2nd block is formed by inversing and shifting cyclic right from the 1st block, are respectively transmitted at the transmitter. At the receiver, the received data symbols are divided into two paths corresponding to the two symbol blocks transmitted, and then the two data symbol streams are combined. Finally, the resultant symbol sequence is detected to obtain the estimation of original data symbols as a conventional OFDM system. By theoretical analysis and calculation for the new scheme, it is obviously shown that the ICI components contained in received signals can be effectively reduced, and the carrier-to-interference power ratio (CIR) of this scheme is at least 10 dB better than that of a conventional OFDM system. Meanwhile, comparing with other similar techniques, this new scheme is better than another similar scheme at normalized frequency offset epsiv>0.2. Consequently, this scheme can remarkably improve the performance of OFDM communication systems due to frequency offsets
Dynamic mechanisms of the structural phase transitions in KNbO<sub>3</sub>: Molecular dynamics simulations (1999)

Abstract The question on the dominant driving mechanism (displacive or order-disorder) at each structural phase transition of KNbO3 is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. To this purpose, we first develop a shell model by determining its potential parameters in order to reproduce the ferroelectric instabilities obtained by first-principles total energy calculations. The phase diagram as a function of temperature is obtained through constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations. The analysis of the dynamical structure factor and the microscopic dynamics of the particles in the different phases allows us to reveal the nature of the dynamics associated with each structural transition. Correlations between local polarizations forming chain-like precursor clusters in the paraelectric phase are examined.
Online Monitoring of Alkali, Sulfide, and Dissolved Lignin during Wood Pulping by Attenuated Total Reflection−Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Flow Injection Techniques (2002)

This study demonstrated online monitoring of hydroxide, or effective alkali (EA), sulfide, and dissolved lignin in kraft wood pulping processes using flow injection analysis (FIA) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)−ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The FIA technique was found to be effective in the resolution of ATR probe fouling in alkaline pulping liquors. Good spectral repeatability with a maximum relative standard deviation of the spectral intensity of less than 15% was obtained over a period of 5 days. Successful online monitoring of EA, sulfide, and dissolved lignin during laboratory pulping processes was demonstrated. The species concentrations measured by the ATR−UV sensor were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained by traditional titration and conventional UV absorption measurements.
Superoxide Dismutase from <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> (1977)

Superoxide dismutase has been isolated and characterised from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus . The pure enzyme is a reddish‐purple manganese‐containing protein with a molecular weight of ∼ 80000 ± 5000. Combination of gel electrophoresis in dodecylsulphate and amino acid analysis shows that it is composed of four identical subunit polypeptide chains consisting of approximately 186 amino acids. The tetrameric protein contains two atoms of manganese. A stable manganese‐free apoprotein has been prepared by treatment with EDTA in 8 M urea at acidic pH. The apoprotein regains the tetrameric structure in the absence of manganese but is inactive. Reconstitution of active Mn‐enzyme was achieved by addition of Mn 2+ to apoprotein in 8 M urea at acid pH. Reconstitution was monitored by absorption spectroscopy, manganese analysis and regain of activity and by these criteria the reconstituted enzyme with two atoms Mn per mole is indistinguishable from the native enzyme. The enhanced stability of the thermophile apoenzyme and Mn‐enzyme is of advantage for studies of the structure and mechanism of action of superoxide dismutase. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence to the 40th residue of the subunit was determined by automated Edman degradation. The sequence has a close resemblance to that of the dimeric Mnenzyme from another thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus .
Die Behandlung des Goldmann-Favre-Syndroms mit Cyclosporin A und Bromocriptin (1991)

Up to now several reports have described a disturbance of humoral and cellular immune response in patients with tapetoretinal degeneration, but a pathogenetic relation of the described immunological changes to the retinal disease was not established. Therefore immunosuppressive treatment has not been advocated for degenerative vitreoretinal disease. We now report about the natural course of Goldmann-Favre's vitreo-retinal degeneration and the results of a therapeutical trial with cyclosporin A and bromocriptine in two patients. Without therapy we saw a slowly progressive flat central retinoschisis with a serous macular exsudation in fluorescein-angiography. Additionally we found peripheral vitreoretinal changes, mild cellular vitreal infiltration, extinguished electro-retinogram and disturbed dark adaptation. Visual acuity and visual field were quite stabile. Under therapy with cyclosporin A we found a regression of the macular edema and flattening of the retinoschisis. One of the two cases showed a good improvement of visual acuity, in the other case a clear subjective improvement did not correlate with an increase in visual acuity. An additional therapy with bromocriptine did not bring further success, but we were able to reduce the cyclosporin A to a blood concentration of 70-100 ng per ml.
A 16$\, \times $16 Pixel Distance Sensor With In-Pixel Circuitry That Tolerates 150 klx of Ambient Light (2010)

A time-of-flight depth sensor is presented employing a correlation based concept. The pixels are able to suppress contributions of ambient light up to 150 klx autonomously and directly in the electronic circuits consuming only 2 μA, each. All 16 × 16 pixels capture the depth information simultaneously at maximally 16 frames per second using an external A/D converter (ADC). Additionally, an embedded 12-bit ADC can be used for converting the analog output values of the pixels to the digital domain at lower frame rates. Distance measurements in a range of 0-3.2 m show standard deviations in the centimeter range and a linearity error within -1/+2 cm. The influence of extraneous light is expressed as a relative distance error which is also in the centimeter range. A complete impression of the sensor system is given by discussing the pixel circuits, the ADC design, the design of the modulated light source providing 0.9 W optical power in the near infrared, and the auxiliary setup including an FPGA board. Additionally, a sensor model is provided to predict the measurement error due to stochastic sources. Three-dimensional snapshots as well as a comparison with state-of-the-art sensors and products complete the paper.
Gottardiite, a new high-silica zeolite from Antarctica: the natural counterpart of synthetic NU-87 (1996)

Gottardiite has been discovered in the Jurassic Ferrar do1erites of Mt. Adamson (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). The new zeolite occurs as subparallel aggregates of transparent pseudo-hexagonal lamellae.
CloudPolice (2010)

Cloud computing environments impose new challenges on access control techniques due to multi-tenancy, the growing scale and dynamicity of hosts within the cloud infrastructure, and the increasing diversity of cloud network architectures. The majority of existing access control techniques were originally designed for enterprise environments that do not share these challenges and, as such, are poorly suited for cloud environments. In this paper, we argue that it is both sufficient and advantageous to implement access control only within the hypervisors at the end-hosts. We thus propose Cloud-Police, a system that implements a hypervisor-based access control mechanism. We argue that, not only can CloudPolice support more sophisticated access control policies, it can do so in a manner that is simpler, more scalable and more robust than existing network-based techniques.