gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in Porous Media: An Application for Maize Stored in a Flat Bin (2013)

If the relative humidity and temperature of the air inside a granular mass of stored grain exceeds a certain threshold value, microorganism activity is likely to increase. Lower relative humidity and temperature, when uniformly distributed inside the grain mass, prevent moisture migration and an increase in microorganism activity. To cool down or maintain the temperature of the grain mass below a threshold value, forced ventilation with an appropriate airflow can be used to remove excess moisture or heat generated by grain or microorganism respiration. The objective of this work was to solve the equations that describe the conservation of heat, mass, and momentum in order to predict heat and mass transfer processes in the environment inside a grain mass of maize, stored in a flat bin. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics was used to solve the equations. The analysis of heat and mass transfer was performed considering the geometry of a two-ton-capacity bin prototype using a hexahedral mesh for the finite volume analysis. The numerical grid was defined to discretize the physical flow domain of interest to calculate velocity, temperature, and moisture distribution in the bulk of stored grain. The predicted results were compared with experimental data, and the agreement between them was very good.
GQL: a reasonable complex SQL for genomic databases (2002)

Validating hypotheses and reasoning about objects is becoming commonplace in biotechnology research. The capability to reason strengthens comparative genomics research by providing a much-needed tool to pose intelligent queries in a more convenient and declarative fashion. To be able to reason using the Genomic Query Language (GQL), we propose the idea of parameterized views as an extension of SQL's "create view" construct with an optional "with parameter" clause. Parameterizing enables traditional SQL views to accept input values and to delay the computation of the view until invoked with a "call" statement. This extension empowers users with the capability of modifying the behavior of predefined procedures (views) by sending arguments and evaluating the procedure on demand. We demonstrate that the extension is soundly based, with a parallel in Datalog. We also show that the idea of relational unification proposed in this paper empowers SQL to reason and infer in exactly the same way as an object-oriented Datalog. Thereby, it eliminates the need for cumbersome integration of database engines with deductive reasoners, as was customary in many advanced genomic database applications in the past.
Optimal set placement and multi dimensional fuzzy sets for fuzzy logic controllers (1994)

This paper describes knowledge representation in a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with respect to the placement of an optimal number of linguistic descriptive sets. The number of sets is shown to be optimal, any less and the information in an expert scheme is not conveyed, and any more introducing redundancy. The basic theory of optimal set placement is described for a SISO controller. The extension of this theory for MIMO controllers is achieved with the introduction of n-dimensional fuzzy sets. That is, sets that contain more than one input space within their defined domain. The advantage of this approach is a reduction in the number of rules required to represent a nonlinear multi-input control scheme. A deterministic FLC is then presented using the theories of optimal set placement and n-dimensional set theory.
Towards Virtual Machine Image Management for Persistent Memory (2019)

Persistent memory's (PM) byte-addressability and high capacity will also make it emerging for virtualized environment. Modern virtual machine monitors virtualize PM using either I/O virtualization or memory virtualization. However, I/O virtualization will sacrifice PM's byte-addressability, and memory virtualization does not get the chance of PM image management. In this paper, we enhance QEMU's memory virtualization mechanism. The enhanced system can achieve both PM's byte-addressability inside virtual machines and PM image management outside the virtual machines. We also design pcow, a virtual machine image format for PM, which is compatible with our enhanced memory virtualization and supports storage virtualization features including thin-provision, base image and snapshot. Address translation is performed with the help of Extended Page Table (EPT), thus much faster than image formats implemented in I/O virtualization. We also optimize pcow considering PM's characteristics. The evaluation demonstrates that our scheme boosts the overall performance by up to 50x compared with qcow2, an image format implemented in I/O virtualization, and brings almost no performance overhead compared with the native memory virtualization.
Factors Enhancing the Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds for Polycondensations with Aromatic Hydrocarbons. A Computational Study (2004)

For the first time, reactions of acetophenone, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, fluorenone, and dinitrofluorenones with diphenyl and 4,4‘-diphenoxybenzophenone in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) have been studied theoretically at the B3LYP/cc-pvtz(-f)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory as a model reaction for a superelectrophile involving polycondensation. It was found that the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups into the carbonyl compound reduces activation and total reaction energies of the aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction. The enhancement of the reactivity of carbonyl compounds bearing electron-withdrawing groups is due to lowering of LUMO energy. The electrophiles having highly delocalized LUMO are less active in the reaction of electrophilic aromatic substitution due to decreases of local LUMO density at the reaction center. General rules for the design of reactive monomer are formulated on the basis of calculational results.
Analysis of Dietary Fiber Content in Korean Vegetable Foods (1993)

Total dietary fiber and crude fiber contents were analyzed for 54 different kinds of Korean vegetable foods by AOAC method. On the fresh matter basis, total dietary fiber and crude fiber contents of tested food samples ranged from in cereals, in potatoes, , in pulses, in fresh vegetables, in processed vegetables, in fruits, in nuts and seeds, in mushrooms, in seaweeds, and in seasonings, respectively. The ratio of total dietary fiber/crude fiber contents ranged from 2 to 13, showing a wide variation among food commodities, necessitating the analysis of total dietary fiber content for individual food items.
Wnt Signaling Promotes Neuronal Differentiation from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Activation of Tlx3 (2011)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes neural differentiation by activation of the neuron-specific transcription factors, Neurogenin1 (Ngn1), NeuroD, and Brn3a, in the nervous system. As neurons in cranial sensory ganglia and dorsal root ganglia transiently express Ngn1, NeuroD, and Brn3a during embryonic development, we hypothesized that Wnt proteins could instructively promote a sensory neuronal fate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directed to differentiate into neurons. Consistent with our hypothesis, Wnt1 induced expression of sensory neuron markers including Ngn1, NeuroD, and Brn3a, as well as glutamatergic markers in neurally induced MSCs in vitro and promoted engraftment of transplanted MSCs in the inner ear bearing selective loss of sensory neurons in vivo. Given the consensus function of T-cell leukemia 3 (Tlx3), as a glutamatergic selector gene, we postulated that the effects of canonical Wnt signaling on sensory neuron and glutamatergic marker gene expression in MSCs may be mediated by Tlx3. We first confirmed that Wnt1 indeed upregulates Tlx3 expression, which can be suppressed by canonical Wnt inhibitors. Next, our chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that T-cell factor 3/4, Wnt-activated DNA binding proteins, interact with a regulatory region of Tlx3 in MSCs after neural induction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that forced expression of Tlx3 in MSCs induced sensory and glutamatergic neuron markers after neural induction. Together, these results identify Tlx3 as a novel target for canonical Wnt signaling that confers somatic stem cells with a sensory neuron phenotype upon neural induction.
N-Demethylation and N-oxidation of thebaine, an isoquinoline alkaloid by Mucor piriformis (2000)

Northebaine was identified as the major metabolite formed during the biotransformation of thebaine by Mucor piriformis. Minor metabolites identified are isomeric thebaine N-oxides. Among isomeric thebaine N-oxides, the one with the equatorial oxygen attached to the nitrogen is relatively unstable. Resting cells, grown in the presence of thebaine for 24 hr, efficiently converted thebaine into northebaine (similar to 77% conversion). Similar experiments carried out with northebaine and isomeric thebaine N-oxides as substrates, revealed that while northebaine and the stable thebaine N-oxide are proved to be resistant to further transformation, the unstable thebaine N-oxide nonenzymatically rearranges to 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14-hexadehydro-4, 5-epoxy-3, 6-dimethoxy-17-methylthebinan and 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14-hexadehydro-3, 6-dimethoxythebinan-4-ol. These studies support the idea that N-demethylation of thebaine is not proceeding via the N-oxide intermediate.
Obtaining High-Quality Relevance Judgments Using Crowdsourcing (2012)

The performance of information retrieval (IR) systems is commonly evaluated using a test set with known relevance. Crowdsourcing is one method for learning the relevant documents to each query in the test set. However, the quality of relevance learned through crowdsourcing can be questionable, because it uses workers of unknown quality with possible spammers among them. To detect spammers, the authors' algorithm compares judgments between workers; they evaluate their approach by comparing the consistency of crowdsourced ground truth to that obtained from expert annotators and conclude that crowdsourcing can match the quality obtained from the latter.
Modelling CEBus home automation with knowledge based tools (1990)

A knowledge-based simulation that models a modern home data communication network using the new CEBus procedures and protocols contained in the CEBus Standard is described. The tool used is Intellicorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE), augmented with their Simulation Kit (SimKit) and Queuing Library (QLIB). Object-oriented representation issues are discussed, as well as the resulting structure of the CEBus model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum dot focal plane array with plasmonic resonator (2011)

In the recent past, there has been an increasing interest in coupling surface plasmon structures with detectors. There are three main reasons that this approach has been exciting. The first is due to the fact that plasmonic structures can incorporate enhanced functionality such as color, polarization and dynamic range in the pixel. The second is the enhancement of the near-field electromagnetic field, which can be exploited for enhanced absorption and photocurrent. Thirdly, the electromagnetic field can be concentrated to a deep-subwavelength region. If the absorber is placed at the field point of the concentrator, the signal to noise ratio and the speed of the detector can be dramatically increased. In this paper, we report on some of our results on the use of plasmonic structures with quantum dot focal plane arrays.
Potent and Selective Inhibition of Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter by HIV Protease Inhibitors (2015)

Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a major uptake-2 monoamine transporter that shares extensive substrate and inhibitor overlap with organic cation transporters 1-3 (OCT1-3). Currently, there are no PMAT-specific inhibitors available that can be used in in vitro and in vivo studies to differentiate between PMAT and OCT activities. In this study, we showed that IDT307 (4-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide), a fluorescent analog of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), is a transportable substrate for PMAT and that IDT307-based fluorescence assay can be used to rapidly identify and characterize PMAT inhibitors. Using the fluorescent substrate-based assays, we analyzed the interactions of eight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) with human PMAT and OCT1-3 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably transfected with individual transporters. Our data revealed that PMAT and OCTs exhibit distinct sensitivity and inhibition patterns toward HIV PIs. PMAT is most sensitive to PI inhibition whereas OCT2 and OCT3 are resistant. OCT1 showed an intermediate sensitivity and a distinct inhibition profile from PMAT. Importantly, lopinavir is a potent PMAT inhibitor and exhibited >120 fold selectivity toward PMAT (IC₅₀ = 1.4 ± 0.2 µM) over OCT1 (IC₅₀ = 174 ± 40 µM). Lopinavir has no inhibitory effect on OCT2 or OCT3 at maximal tested concentrations. Lopinavir also exhibited no or much weaker interactions with uptake-1 monoamine transporters. Together, our results reveal that PMAT and OCTs have distinct specificity exemplified by their differential interaction with HIV PIs. Further, we demonstrate that lopinavir can be used as a selective PMAT inhibitor to differentiate PMAT-mediated monoamine and organic cation transport from those mediated by OCT1-3.
Plasma deposition for biomedical applications: A brief review (1993)

Radio frequency plasma-deposited thin films offer an advantageous mechanism to alter the surface properties of biomaterials and medical devices without affecting the mechanical properties or primary fabrication. Such coatings are tightly adherent, conformal, and easily applied. They also exhibit excellent biocompatibility qualities. Examples are presented of four different thin film plasma treatments that show promise for reducing the platelet reactivity of materials, enhancing their ability to grow cells, preventing protein pickup by surfaces, and improving the biocompatibility of ophthalmic devices.
Ambrose J King (2000)

Ambrose John King died in September 2000, aged 98. He was among the last of a long line of surgeons to distinguish themselves in the care of people with venereal diseases.

He qualified at the London Hospital in 1924 and acquired the English FRCS in 1929. His training in venereology took place at the London Hospital's Whitechapel Clinic under the direction of Dr Burke. He also spent time in Earle Moore's department at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, USA. He brought back from America a Kettering Hypertherm (for the fever treatment of Reiter's disease), which …
SC68896, a Novel Small Molecule Proteasome Inhibitor, Exerts Antiglioma Activity <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Glioblastomas are among the most lethal neoplasms, with a median survival of &lt;1 year. Modulation of the proteasome function has emerged as a novel approach to cancer pharmacotherapy. Here, we characterized the antitumor properties of SC68896, a novel small molecule proteasome inhibitor. Experimental Design: Different tumor cell lines were tested by crystal violet staining for sensitivity to SC68896, given alone or in combination with death ligands. The molecular mechanisms mediating SC68896-induced cell death and changes in cell cycle progression were assessed by immunoblot and flow cytometry. An orthotopic human glioma xenograft model in nude mice was used to examine the in vivo activity of SC68896. Results: SC68896 inhibits the proliferation of cell lines of different types of cancer, including malignant glioma. Exposure of LNT-229 glioma cells to SC68896 results in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the proteasome, with a consequent accumulation of p21 and p27 proteins, cell cycle arrest, caspase cleavage, and induction of apoptosis. Using RNA interference, we show that the effect of SC68896 on glioma cells is facilitated by wild-type p53. SC68896 sensitizes glioma cells to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand and CD95 ligand and up-regulates the cell surface expression of the tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand receptor cell death receptors 4 and 5, which may contribute to this sensitization. Intracerebral glioma–bearing nude mice treated either i.p. or intratumorally with SC68896 experience prolonged survival. Conclusions: SC68896 is the first proteasome inhibitor that exerts antiglioma activity in vivo. It may represent a novel prototype agent for the treatment of malignant gliomas and warrants clinical evaluation. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):6609–18)
The Last Argosy (2017)

As a graphic designer, I am currently researching the archive of Edward C. Rigg. This is the story of an ordinary yet extraordinary life. Rigg’s personal archive is a rich resource of personal and detailed historical narrative, focusing on his time in the RAF just after the Second World War and documenting his profession as a jet test pilot and transport pilot during the 1950’s and 1960’s. The purpose of this research is to 
further evaluate the manifestations of data shadows and visual residues contained within artefacts and archives and their potential role in the generation of written and visual narratives in creative practice. 
These visual residues are interpreted through my own auto-ethnographic investigation into the clues that form assumptions about everyday narratives that surround certain archives. Auto-ethnography can be described as a process of analysis of personal experiences that seek to understand and discuss cultural experiences.

This approach to the research process is examined through my own self-reflective narratives, where I re-tell the stories told to me by Rigg. I then translate my own personal experiences of the archival content into graphic outcomes. Graphic design methodologies and the design process have been fundamental in the production of distinct visual outcomes. The final images – on the Last Argosy website (www.lastargosy.com) – are part of the narrative distilling process, which in turn creates its own visual data. The graphic design process helps to connect stories from out of the archive to a wider cultural audience through exhibition and online digital platforms. 

This paper will firstly, account for the role of the graphic designer as custodian of stories and their transcription into physical design. This is a mode of storying the self through visual analysis and the production of graphic forms. Secondly, the paper will address the mixing of narratives from out of the archive: between the researcher as narrator and the archive source (in this case Edward C. Rigg). Thirdly, the paper will discuss the benefits of this project for student engagements with storytelling. For example, in the Department of Art and Communication at the University of Huddersfield, undergraduate students have used the graphic platform to explore both found items and archival materials, which are then visually translated to create new narratives. This approach examines the role of storytelling in type and image selection and its relevance within graphic design. This will be analyzed through the mechanisms of auto-ethnography. The differences in inter-generational experience are reflected in the stories and work generated by students.
Oxidation and Rearrangement of 5-Substituted 5-Ethoxycarbonyl[1,2,4]triazolidine-3-thiones (1999)

The reaction of ethyl 2-(pheny1hydrazono)alkanoates (1) with potassium thiocyanate in acetic acid affords 5-ethoxycarbonyl-substituted [1,2,4]triazolidine-3-thiones (3).Oxidation (KMn04) converts 3 into l-ethoxycarbonyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thiones (9) as evidenced by the X-Ray structure analysis of 9a.Products (9) result from an oxidative conversion of 3 to the intermediates (5) and the cyclic valence isomers (7) followed by [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement selectively involving the 5-ethoxycarbonyl group to migrate.
Congenital Anomalies in Singapore (1996)

Abstract A 3‐year study (Jan. 1986‐Dec. 1988) in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital revealed 678 infants with birth defects in 44,842 livebirths, (15.13 per 1,000 live births, 95% confidence intervals, CI 14.0–16.2). There were 161 cases with musculoskeletal abnormalities (3.5 per 1,000, 95% CI 3.06‐4.19), 111 gastrointestinal system malformations (2.47 per 1,000, 95% CI 2.04‐2.58), 88 chromosomal abnormalities (1.96 per 1,000, 95% CI 1.57‐2.42), 78 cardiovascular system abnormalities (1.74 per 1,000, 95% CI 1.38‐2.17), 73 urogenital system defects (1.63 per 1,000, 95% CI 1.28‐2.05), and 52 central nervous system defects (1.16 per 1,000, 95% CI 0.87‐1.52). The prevalence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip/palate was 1.72 per 1,000, and Down's Syndrome 1 in 700. At review, six weeks later, the false positive rate was 4% in the infants with defects, and in the group of 709 normal controls (matched by race, maternal age, ward class and time/date of birth), the false negative rate was 0.84%. The strongest risk factors were a family history of birth defects (odds ratio, OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.8‐6.4), and previous abnormal sibling(s) (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.3). Other risk factors included drug intake during pregnancy (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8‐2.0), becoming significant with ingestion during the first trimester (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1‐1.8). Traditional medicine (mainly Chinese herbs during pregnancy) had a slightly higher risk (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). The National University Hospital keeps a register of birth defects; trained nurses interview all mothers using a set questionnaire. Evaluation of 11,460 livebirths over a 3‐year period (1991–1993) revealed 472 cases (41.19 per 1,000 livebirths, 95% CI 37.48‐44.90) with 171 musculoskeletal defects (14.92 per 1,000 livebirths, 95% CI 12.69‐17.16), 105 cardiovascular defects (9.16 per 1,000, 95% CI 7.41‐10.91), 64 urogenital defects (5.58 per 1,000, 95% CI 4.22‐6.95), 30 gastrointestinal defects (2.62 per 1000, 95% CI 1.68‐3.55), 35 mixed system defects (3.06 per 1,000, 95% CI 2.04‐4.07), and 18 chromosomal abnormalities (1.57 per 1,000, 95% CI 0.85‐2.30). The prevalence of cleft lip/cleft lip and palate was 1.48 per 1,000. This higher prevalence could be due to the present practice of routine screening of every infant on the first day of life, together with a careful assessment for musculoskeletal defects, especially congenital dislocation of the hips.
Automated Selection and Placement of Single Cells Using Vision-Based Feedback Control (2010)

We present a robotic manipulation system for automated selection and transfer of individual living cells to analysis locations. We begin with a commonly used cell transfer technique using glass capillary micropipettes to aspirate and release living cells suspended in liquid growth media. Using vision-based feedback and closed-loop process control, two individual three-axis robotic stages position the micropipette tip in proximity to the cell of interest. The cell is aspirated and the tip is moved to a target location where the cell is dispensed. Computer vision is used to monitor and inspect the success of the dispensing process. In our initial application, the target cell destination is a microwell etched in a fused silica substrate. The system offers a robust and flexible technology for cell selection and manipulation. Applications for this technology include embryonic stem cells transfer, blastomere biopsy, cell patterning, and cell surgery.