gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability-indicating HPLC determination of tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage form (2006)

A simple, selective, precise and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method of analysis tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage form was developed and validated. The chromatographic conditions comprised a reversed-phase C 18 column (250 x 4.6 mm), 5 μ with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of buffer solution (2.88 g ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate in 1 L of water) and methanol in the ratio of 40: 60. Triethylamine (5 mL /L) was added to it and pH of mobile phase was adjusted to 7.0± 0.1 with orthophosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 220 nm. The retention time of tolterodine was 6.49 min. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with coefficient of regression value, r = 0.99 in the concentration range 200.60-601.80 μg per mL. The value of correlation coefficient, slope and intercept were 1.0. 20.87 and -6.87. respectively. The method was validated for precision, recovery, ruggedness and robustness. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic, basic, photochemical and thermal conditions. All the peaks of degraded product were resolved from the active pharmaceutical ingredient with significantly different retention time. The samples degraded with hydrogen peroxide showed no additional peak. This indicates that the drug is susceptible to acid-base hydrolysis, photochemical and thermal degradation. Statistical analysis proves that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of said drug. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation product, it can be employed as a stability-indicating one.
Synchronization engineering: Theoretical framework and application to dynamical clustering (2008)

A method for engineering the global behavior of populations of rhythmic elements is presented. The framework, which is based on phase models, allows a nonlinear time-delayed global feedback signal to be constructed which produces an interaction function corresponding to the desired behavior of the system. It is shown theoretically and confirmed in numerical simulations that a polynomial, delayed feedback is a versatile tool to tune synchronization patterns. Dynamical states consisting of one to four clusters were engineered to demonstrate the application of synchronization engineering in an experimental electrochemical system.
A 140&#x00B5;A 34ppm/&#x00B0;C 30MHz Clock Oscillator in 28nm CMOS Bulk Process (2013)

This paper presents a 30MHz ring based clock oscillator in 28nm CMOS bulk process embedded in a negative feedback loop achieving 0.57% peak-to-peak temperature spread (worst case process corners) from - 40°C to 125°C and consuming 140μA current from 1.8V regulated voltage supply. Since the oscillation frequency of the ring oscillator is locked to Icomp/(C*Vref) by the loop, the bias current (Icomp) and voltage (Vref) can be independently temperature compensated to achieve very low temperature spread of the frequency in our implementation. The presented design achieves a temperature spread which is 10x lower than conventional RC oscillator in spite of high temperature coefficient (363 ppm/°C) of precision resistor available in the technology and absence of complementary temperature coefficient resistors. SPICE simulation results of the designed oscillator in 28nm CMOS bulk process along with performance summary and comparisons with other works have been included.
A Photoelectric Device for Recording Variations in the Concentration of a Coloured Solution (1944)

An apparatus is described which is capable of indicating by photoelectric means the concentration at any instant of a temperature controlled coloured solution whose concentration is varying with time such that its optical density changes between 3 and 0, the apparatus being calibrated with standard solutions.
Component Testing, Seismic Evaluation and Characterization of Buckling-Restrained Braces (2004)

This paper reports on the results from a comprehensive component testing program on a type of buckling-restrained brace known as the Unbonded Brace™. The experimental data are used to: (1) verify the results of theoretical predictions on the structural stability of the braces; (2) validate the inelasitc capacity of the braces under severe earthquake demands; and (3) calibrate a macroscopic hysteretic model that is found to predict, with fidelity, the brace force–displacement behavior. The study concludes that the unbonded brace is a reliable and practical alternative to conventional framing systems to enhance the earthquake resistance of new and existing structures; capable of providing both the rigidity needed to satisfy structural drift limits, while delivering a substantial and repeatable energy absorption capability.
Implementation of a HiperLAN/2 receiver on the reconfigurable Montium architecture (2004)

Summary form only given. A heterogeneous system-on-chip (SoC) architecture for mobile hand-held devices is proposed to overcome the battery bottleneck in these devices. This SoC contains processing tiles of different granularities. The Montium coarse-grain reconfigurable tile processor is presented. Also, an introduction to HiperLAN/2 baseband processing is given. The implementation of a HiperLAN/2 receiver on the Montium reconfigurable architecture is explained in detail. The hardware of this implemented receiver has been simulated and the performance figures are given. The configuration overhead for the receiver is very small, which enables dynamic reconfiguration. The required computational performance can be obtained at very low clock frequencies. The Montium coarse-grain reconfigurable architecture enables an energy and area efficient implementation of a HiperLAN/2 receiver.
Electrical conductivity of partly oxidized aromatic and heteroaromatic polymers (1986)

Abstract The electrical conductivity of aromatic and heteroaromatic polymers as well as polymers with aromatic, heteroaromatic and vinylene units in the main chain, can be enhanced by oxidation. In a single electron transfer reaction, a polymer with a salt structure (“doped polymer”) can be formed. Such polymers can also be prepared in a one‐step reaction from low‐molecular weight compounds by oxidants, as well as by electrochemical reaction. Electrochemically produced samples have higher electrical conductivities (as high as 6298K = 0,5 Ω −1 · cm −1 ) than samples made by chemical oxidation from the same starting material.
Dopamine D2 Receptor Stimulation Potentiates PolyQ-Huntingtin-Induced Mouse Striatal Neuron Dysfunctions via Rho/ROCK-II Activation (2009)

Our data provide the first demonstration that D2R-induced vulnerability in HD is critically linked to the activation of the Rho/ROCK signalling pathway. The inclusion of Rho/ROCK inhibitors could be an interesting therapeutic option aimed at forestalling the onset of the disease.
A Mn <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent Ribozyme (1990)

An RNA hairpin identical in sequence with the one formed during autocyclization of the 414-nucleotide Tetrahymena intervening sequence undergoes strand scission at a specific site in the presence of Mn2+. In addition to representing one of the smallest and simplest ribozymes possible, strand scission occurs readily under physiological conditions, is unaffected by the presence of Mg2+, and displays salt, pH, and temperature optima of potential use in exploiting Mn2+ as a regulatory switch in intact cells. The chemistry of strand scission of the RNA hairpin is described, as is the Mn2(+)-dependent solvolysis of a 231-nucleotide RNA transcript containing this structural motif.
Synthesis of [3.3]heterophanes containing the pyridine, furan, and thiophene rings by the TosMIC method (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of [3.3]heterophanes containing the pyridine, furan, and thiophene rings by the TosMIC methodTeruo Shinmyozu, Yoshio Hirai, and Takahiko InazuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1551–1555Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views630Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A study on ontology-driven geospatial-information retrieving in the Semantic Web (2008)

Firstly, this paper expounded that the traditional searching based on keywords has a severe deficiency on Recall and Precision because the computer can't understand what information mean efficiently. In Succession, through extending from ordinary information to Geo-spatial information, on the support of geo-ontology theory and semantic web services technology, this paper discussed the principle, methods and application of ontology-driven geo-spatial information retrieving mechanism in semantic web. In other word, How to structure the framework for running this mechanism, how to build the ontology information models and how to establish the ontology-driven services models are discussed in detail in context. A design of systems for implementing the mechanism and experiment are given at the end of the text.
Safety evaluation of substituted thiophenes used as flavoring ingredients (2016)

This publication is the second in a series by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association summarizing the conclusions of its third systematic re-evaluation of the safety of flavorings previously considered to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under conditions of intended use. Re-evaluation of GRAS status for flavorings is based on updated considerations of exposure, structural analogy, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicology and includes a comprehensive review of the scientific information on the flavorings and structurally related substances. Of the 12 substituted thiophenes reviewed here, 11 were reaffirmed as GRAS based on their rapid absorption, metabolism and excretion in humans and animals; the low estimated dietary exposure from flavor use; the wide margins of safety between the conservative estimates of intake and the no-observed-adverse effect levels; and the lack of significant genotoxic and mutagenic potential. For one of the substituted thiophenes, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene, it was concluded that more detailed exposure information, comparative metabolism studies and comprehensive toxicity data, including an in-depth evaluation of the mechanism of action for any adverse effects observed, are required for continuation of its FEMA GRAS™ status. In the absence of these data, the compound was removed from the FEMA GRAS list.
A new hybrid algorithm for analysis of HVDC and FACTS systems (2002)

Hybrid stability programs use a transient stability analysis for AC power systems, in conjunction with detailed state variable or EMTP type modelling for fast dynamic devices. This paper presents a new hybrid algorithm that uses optimised techniques based on previously proposed methods. The hybrid provides a useful analysis tool to examine systems incorporating fast dynamic nonlinear components such as HVDC links and FACTS devices.
An new electromagnetic imaging scheme (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997An new electromagnetic imaging schemeAuthors: Rongfeng ZhangJishan HeRongfeng ZhangInstitute of Applied Geophysics, Central South University of Technology, Changsha, China, 410083 and Jishan HeInstitute of Applied Geophysics, Central South University of Technology, Changsha, China, 410083https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885917 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885917FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Rongfeng Zhang and Jishan He, (1997), "An new electromagnetic imaging scheme," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 403-405. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885917 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
An analysis of several software defect models (1988)

Results are presented of an analysis of several defect models using data collected from two large commercial projects. Traditional models typically use either program matrices (i.e. measurements from software products) or testing time or combinations of these as independent variables. The limitations of such models have been well-documented. The models considered use the number of defects detected in the earlier phases of the development process as the independent variable. This number can be used to predict the number of defects to be detected later, even in modified software products. A strong correlation between the number of earlier defects and that of later ones was found. Using this relationship, a mathematical model was derived which may be used to estimate the number of defects remaining in software. This defect model may also be used to guide software developers in evaluating the effectiveness of the software development and testing processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production technology for high efficiency ion implanted solar cells (1978)

Ion implantation is being developed for high volume automated production of silicon solar cells. An implanter designed for solar cell processing and able to properly implant up to 300 4-inch wafers per hour is now operational. A machine to implant 180 sq m/hr of solar cell material has been designed. Implanted silicon solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 16% AM1 are now being produced and higher efficiencies are expected. Ion implantation and transient processing by pulsed electron beams are being integrated with electrostatic bonding to accomplish a simple method for large scale, low cost production of high efficiency solar cell arrays.
Multivariate Locally Weighted Least Squares Regression (1994)

Nonparametric regression using locally weighted least squares was first discussed by Stone and by Cleveland. Recently, it was shown by Fan and by Fan and Gijbels that the local linear kernel-weighted least squares regression estimator has asymptotic properties making it superior, in certain senses, to the Nadaraya-Watson and Gasser-Muller kernel estimators. In this paper we extend their results on asymptotic bias and variance to the case of multivariate predictor variables. We are able to derive the leading bias and variance terms for general multivariate kernel weights using weighted least squares matrix theory. This approach is especially convenient when analysing the asymptotic conditional bias and variance of the estimator at points near the boundary of the support of the predictors. We also investigate the asymptotic properties of the multivariate local quadratic least squares regression estimator discussed by Cleveland and Devlin and, in the univariate case, higher-order polynomial fits and derivative estimation.
End‐functionalized polystyrene by ATRP: A facile approach to primary amino and carboxylic acid terminal groups (2009)

Abstract Monoamino‐terminated and monocarboxylic acid‐terminated polystyrenes containing active halogenated end groups were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using the so‐called initiator method and protective group chemistry. α‐Chloropropionates were synthesized and utilized as initiators containing the tert ‐butoxycarbonyl ( t ‐BOC)‐protected amino and the tert ‐butyl ( t ‐Bu)‐protected carboxylic acid function, respectively. Optimum polymerization conditions were attained using CuCl/ N,N,N ′, N′ ′, N′ ′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst and 10 vol % n ‐butanol as homogenizing agent at 110 °C. However, targeting larger quantities an alternative route was established employing 50 vol % N,N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Subsequent hydrolysis of the ω‐ tert ‐butoxycarbonyl polystyrenes afforded well‐defined polymers with quantitative deprotection of the functional groups. Comparatively, thermolytic cleavage of the protective sites was studied. 1 H NMR verified the quantitative removal of the t ‐BOC‐protecting groups. Furthermore, the resulting α‐amino‐ω‐chloro polystyrenes were reacted with Sanger reagent to confirm the existence of the thereby converted primary amino groups. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3845–3859, 2009
Neural network based model for predicting housing market performance (2008)

The United States real estate market is currently facing its worst hit in two decades due to the slowdown of housing sales. The most affected by this decline are real estate investors and home developers who are currently struggling to break-even financially on their investments. For these investors, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current status of the market and predict its performance over the shortterm in order to make appropriate financial decisions. This paper presents the development of artificial neural network based models to support real estate investors and home developers in this critical task. The paper describes the decision variables, design methodology, and the implementation of these models. The models utilize historical market performance data sets to train the artificial neural networks in order to predict unforeseen future performances. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the model capabilities in analyzing and predicting the market performance. The model testing and validation showed that the error in prediction is in the range between −2% and +2%.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by a Task-Specific Ionic Liquid (2002)

Reaction of 1-butyl imidazole with 3-bromopropylamine hydrobromide, followed by workup and anion exchange, yields a new room temperature ionic liquid incorporating a cation with an appended amine group. The new ionic liquid reacts reversibly with CO2, reversibly sequestering the gas as a carbamate salt. The new ionic liquid, which can be repeatedly recycled in this role, is comparable in efficiency for CO2 capture to commercial amine sequestering reagents, and yet is nonvolatile and does not require water to function.
Nef-Mediated Enhancement of Virion Infectivity and Stimulation of Viral Replication Are Fundamental Properties of Primate Lentiviruses (2007)

Nef is a multifunctional accessory protein of primate lentiviruses. Recently, it has been shown that the ability of Nef to downmodulate CD4, CD28, and class I major histocompatibility complex is highly conserved between most or all primate lentiviruses, whereas Nef-mediated downregulation of T-cell receptor-CD3 was lost in the lineage that gave rise to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Whether or not other Nef activities are preserved between different groups of primate lentiviruses remained to be determined. Here, we show that nef genes from a large variety of HIVs and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) enhance virion infectivity and stimulate viral replication in human cells and/or in ex vivo infected human lymphoid tissue (HLT). Notably, nef alleles from unpassaged SIVcpz and SIVsmm enhanced viral infectivity, replication, and cytopathicity in cell culture and in ex vivo infected HLT as efficiently as those from HIV-1 and HIV-2, their human counterparts. Furthermore, nef genes from several highly divergent SIVs that have not been found in humans were also highly active in human cells and/or tissues. Thus, most primate lentiviral Nefs enhance virion infectivity and stimulate viral replication. Moreover, our data show that SIVcpz and SIVsmm Nefs do not require adaptive changes to perform these functions in human cells or tissues and support the idea that nef alleles from other primate lentiviruses would also be capable of promoting efficient virus spread in humans.
Observation of Stray Fields From Hard-Disk Writer Poles up to 2 GHz (2007)

By means of high-frequency magnetic force microscope (HF-MFM) the emanating stray fields from hard-disk writer poles are measured at carrier frequencies up to 2 GHz. For the present measurements, hard-disk writer poles stemming from SEAGATE were employed. At 1000 MHz and above, the field directly at the gap is dominating, while the fields along the downtrack direction are found to decrease. The observation of the stray fields at these high frequencies is only possible by employing MFM cantilevers with a 50-nm-thick (Ni,Zn)-ferrite coating. We show that the use of these tips gives much larger signal than those obtained by conventional CoCr-coated cantilevers
Regulatory and technological trends in power supplies (2002)

It is pointed out that regulatory (including product safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)) aspects of power supplies are in a period of significant change. Relatively new concerns include harmonics, immunity, and special application requirements. In addition, the technology of power supplies is changing. In some cases, these changes are coupled. Since power supply design and selection are primary determinants of product safety and EMC compliance, these trends, including the move toward higher operating frequencies for switch mode power supplies (SMPSs), are surveyed. It is concluded that the continuing changes in power supply technology and the regulatory requirements will require that EMC and product safety specialists work more closely with those involved in the design and selection of power supplies. The goal is to capitalize on new developments without falling victim to one of the technical/regulatory hazards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Process Concept for High-Purity Production of Amines by Transaminase-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis: Combining Enzyme Cascade and Membrane-Assisted ISPR (2015)

For the amine transaminase (ATA)-catalyzed synthesis of chiral amines, the choice of donor substrate is of high importance for reaction and process design. Alanine was investigated as an amine donor for the reductive amination of a poorly water-soluble ketone (4-phenyl-2-butanone) in a combined in situ product removal (ISPR) approach using liquid-membrane extraction together with an enzyme cascade. This ISPR strategy facilitates very high (>98%) product purity with an integrated enrichment step and eliminates product as well as coproduct inhibition. In the presented proof-of-concept alanine shows the following advantages over the other frequently employed amine donor isopropyl amine: (i) nonextractability of alanine affords high product purity without any additional downstream step and no losses via coextraction, (ii) higher maximum reaction rates, and (iii) broader acceptance among ATAs.