gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural network controller for turning operation of a metal cutting process (2005)

In this paper, the design and implementation of an effective neural network(NN) for process identification as well as a neural network controller to track a desired cutting force under payload variations are presented. The proposed learning algorithm for the NN is backpropagation. In addition, an online controller algorithm is developed for the turning operation to track the desired force trajectory as closely as possible in spite of wide ranges of disturbances and payload variations for each metal cutting task. The simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Upstream Stimulatory Factor Regulates Expression of the Cell Cycle-Dependent Cyclin B1 Gene Promoter (1995)

Progression through the somatic cell cycle requires the temporal regulation of cyclin gene expression and cyclin protein turnover. One of the best-characterized examples of this regulation is seen for the B-type cyclins. These cyclins and their catalytic component, cdc2, have been shown to mediate both the entry into and maintenance of mitosis. The cyclin B1 gene has been shown to be expressed between the late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, while the protein is degraded specifically at interphase via ubiquitination. To understand the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation of the cyclin B1 gene, we cloned the human cyclin B1 gene promoter region. Using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter system and both stable and transient assays, we have shown that the cyclin B1 gene promoter (extending to -3800 bp relative to the cap site) can confer G2-enhanced promoter activity. Further analysis revealed that an upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-binding site and its cognate transcription factor(s) are critical for expression from the cyclin B1 promoter in cycling HeLa cells. Interestingly, USF DNA-binding activity appears to be regulated in a G2-specific fashion, supporting the idea that USF may play some role in cyclin B1 gene activation. These studies suggest an important link between USF and the cyclin B1 gene, which in part explains how maturation promoting factor complex formation is regulated.
Measurement of particle size, velocity and temperature in the plasma spray coating process (1991)

The quality and uniformity of coatings fabricated by the plasma spray process is controlled by the condition of the particles on impact. In this work a measurement technique for simultaneously obtaining particle size, velocity, and temperature is used to characterize the particle spray field. Particle size and velocity are obtained from a combination laser particle sizing system and laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The particle temperature is determined by a two-color pyrometer technique and the relative particle number density is derived from the data rate. The fraction of unheated or unprocessed particles which result from temperature and velocity fluctuations is also obtained. This fraction can approach 10% by mass of the total particle flow. 17 refs., 10 figs.
Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of 2,2-Dimethylchromenes (1992)

A newly synthesized chiral [bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine]manganese(III) complex 2a was found to catalyze the epoxidation of 2,2-dimethylchromenes 15-17 with high enantioselectivity (86-92% ee).
Invited Article: An MRI-based approach to the diagnosis of white matter disorders (2009)

Application of a systematic decision tree in MRI of white matter disorders facilitates the diagnosis of specific etiologic entities.
An in Vitro Model of Fibroplasia: Simultaneous Quantification of Fibroblast Proliferation, Migration, and Collagen Synthesis (1984)

Previous studies of fibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis have been limited in their ability to define the interrelationship among these events in response to various inflammatory mediators. We have now defined an in vitro tissue culture model for the synchronous quantification of these parameters of fibroplasia. Biopsies (2 mm) of chicken flexor tendons are embedded in a fibrin matrix and exposed to various factors for 5 days in tissue culture. The availability of the fibrin matrix surrounding the tendon biopsy satisfies the need for a solid support medium for fibroblast migration. Multiple measurements of tendon fibroblast proliferation, migration into the fibrin matrix, and relative collagen synthesis are then made on these preparations. Fetal calf serum stimulated tendon fibroblast proliferation and migration in a dose responsive fashion, whereas the selective expression of collagen synthesis was decreased. Platelet lysate stimulated fibroblast proliferation at low concentration, but migration only at high concentration and was without effect on relative collagen synthesis. This model now provides a means of more clearly defining the influence of various inflammatory factors on the events of fibroplasia.
1104 Development of A Contraction-type PVC Gel Actuator : Effects of Composition and Electric Field (2009)

PVCゲルアクチュエータは,大気中で動作可能,柔軟であり大変形が可能などの特徴を持つ.我々はこれまで伸縮型の多層PVCゲルアクチュエータを提案し,特性評価を行ってきた.本報では組成・電場の影響とアクチュエータの剛性変化について,並びに電極形状がアクチュエータの駆動性能に与える影響について考察する.
PRIMS: making NVRAM suitable for extremely reliable storage (2007)

Non-volatile byte addressable memories are becoming more common, and are increasingly used for critical data that must not be lost. However, existing NVRAM-based file systems do not include features that guard against file system corruption or NVRAM corruption. Furthermore, most file systems check consistency only after the system has already crashed. We are designing PRIMS to address these problems by providing file storage that can survive multiple errors in NVRAM, whether caused by errant operating system writes or by media corruption. PRIMS uses an erasure-encoded log structure to store persistent metadata, making it possible to periodically verify the correctness of file system operations while achieving throughput rates of an order of magnitude higher than page-protection during small writes. It also checks integrity on every operation and performs on-line scans of the entire NVRAM to ensure that the file system is consistent. If errors are found, PRIMS can correct them using file system logs and extensive error correction information. While PRIMS is designed for reliability, we expect it to have excellent performance, thanks to the ability to do word-aligned reads and writes in NVRAM.
The Cell-specific Expression of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase (2004)

The basis for the endothelial cell-restricted expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) is not known. While transgenic promoter/reporter mice demonstrated endothelium cell-specific eNOS expression, we found robust expression of episomal eNOS promoter/reporter constructs in cell types that do not express the native eNOS transcript. To explore the mechanism underlying this differential activity pattern of chromatin-versus episome-based eNOS promoters, we examined the methylation status of 5'-regulatory sequences of the human eNOS gene. DNA methylation differed dramatically between endothelial and nonendothelial cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells. This same cell type-specific methylation pattern was observed in vivo in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the mouse aorta at the native murine eNOS promoter. We addressed the functional consequences of methylation on eNOS transcription using transient transfection of in vitro methylated promoter/reporter constructs and found that methylated constructs exhibited a marked decrease in the synergistic action of Sp1, Sp3, and Ets1 on eNOS promoter activity. The addition of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 further reduced the transcriptional activity of methylated eNOS constructs. Importantly, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the presence of Sp1, Sp3, and Ets1 at the native eNOS promoter in endothelial cells but not in vascular smooth muscle cells. Finally, robust expression of eNOS mRNA was induced in nonendothelial cell types following inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity with 5-azacytidine, demonstrating the importance of DNA methylation-mediated repression. This report is the first to show that promoter DNA methylation plays an important role in the cell-specific expression of a constitutively expressed gene in the vascular endothelium.
Boundary-layer Correction for the Busemann Hypersonic Air Inlet (2003)

A critical aspect of engine design for such flight speeds is total pressure recovery in the inlet, a problem that is exacerbated by boundary-layer development on the inlet walls. A profile correction for the Busemann inlet is developed using radial-displacement thickness and numerical modeling. It is shown that the presence of viscosity increases the pressure ratio across the inlet by 24% and causes a reduction in total pressure. It is shown that a radial correction based on displacement thickness was sufficient to restore the design pressure ratio. A reduction of 16% in total pressure losses was observed with the corrected Busemann profile. Experimental surface pressure values are used to validate the results.
Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Chitinase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis EG5 Isolated from (2012)

The chitinolytic activity of the isolate B. licheniformis EG5 obtained from agricultural Egyptian soil was investigated. This isolate degraded chitin with the development of distinct zone of clearance on colloidal chitin agar. The isolate was identified by classical bacteriological examination, metabolic fingerprinting using Biolog Micro Plates and phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene nucleotide sequence. Evaluation of antifungal activity of the produced enzyme was done and revealed the potential antifungal activity especially against F. graminearum (NRRL 5883) & F. sp. (NRRL 37262) among strains of Fusarium tested. Chitinase enzyme from the isolate under study was produced under the determined optimum conditions. These conditions were static incubation for three days at initial pH 8.00 & incubation temperature 40 o C with chitin concentration 0.7 % (w/v). Under these conditions, the enzyme activity in culture supernatant was 6.18 UmL -1 . Purification of the produced enzyme was performed and the results revealed that the enzyme activity recorded, 11.35 UmL -1 , had increased by about factor of two. Chitinolytic activity of the partially purified enzyme was examined again in contrast to controls maintained with heat inactivated enzyme which did not record any chitinolytic zones. Final assessment of antifungal activity of the partially purified chitinase produced by this isolate was confirmed against controls inoculated and maintained with heat inactivated enzyme which also did not show any activity against Fusarium spp. tested. Molecular weight determination revealed the presence of one distinct band of about 63 KDa. (Abdel-Shakour E. H. Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Chitinase Produced by Bacillus licheniformis EG5 Isolated from Egyptian Soil. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):3560-3572) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 527
A Transient Multi-Phase Flow Simulation using Steady-State Correlations for Coiled-Tubing Applications – New Insights to Old Problems (2010)

Abstract In the past four decades, several computer programs have been developed to predict steady-state fluid flow in coiled tubing (CT) applications. They are useful in designing the ultimate treatment phase of an intervention but questions remain concerning how their results are affected by the transient nature of the overall job. Any change in the operating conditions on surface or down hole will introduce a transient response. Common treatments such as liquid unloading, under balanced drilling with nitrified fluid, well control, cementing and hole cleaning may never reach a steady state. Only a transient simulation can determine whether a steady state is achieved. If it is not, the simulation can be used by job programmers to develop procedures that will deal with transient phenomena. This paper describes a transient multi-phase flow simulation that has been developed based on the correlations used to describe steady-state multi-phase flow. The software was extensively validated against data collected on a full scale flow loop, field operations, and other transient software. Several field cases are used to illustrate the transient nature of CT applications and the benefits of using the transient simulation for the operational design, training and job execution.
Synthesis of a shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chain and decreased synthesis of pro-alpha 2(I) chains in a proband with osteogenesis imperfecta. (1983)

Synthesis of type I procollagen was examined in skin fibroblasts from a proband with a lethal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. The fibroblasts synthesized shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chains and these shortened chains accounted for all the pro-alpha 2(I) chains synthesized by the cells. In addition, there was a decrease in the relative rate of synthesis of pro-alpha 2(I) chains. Fragmentation of the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chains with vertebrate collagenase and cyanogen bromide demonstrated that the shortening was in alpha 2(I)-CB3,5A, a fragment from about the middle of the chain containing amino acid residues 361 to 775. Based on the relative mobility in electrophoretic gels, the shortening was about 20 amino acid residues. The decreased synthesis of pro-alpha 2(I) chains was demonstrated by an increase in the ratio for the rates of synthesis of pro-alpha 1(I):pro-alpha 2(I) chains. It was associated with an increase in the ratio of mRNAs for pro-alpha 1(I):pro-alpha 2(I) in the cells. Fibroblasts from the father also demonstrated a decreased synthesis of pro-alpha 2(I) chains as reflected by an increase in the ratio of newly synthesized pro-alpha 1(I):pro-alpha 2(I) chains. No shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chains were seen in fibroblasts from either the father or the mother. The observations suggested that the proband inherited a nonfunctioning pro-alpha 2(I) gene from her father and that the gene for the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chain probably arose from a sporadic mutation.
Just-in-time language modelling (2002)

Traditional approaches to language modelling have relied on a fixed corpus of text to inform the parameters of a probability distribution over word sequences. Increasing the corpus size often leads to better-performing language models, but no matter how large, the corpus is a static entity, unable to reflect information about events which postdate it. We introduce an online paradigm which interleaves the estimation and application of a language model. We present a Bayesian approach to online language modelling, in which the marginal probabilities of a static trigram model are dynamically updated to match the topic being dictated to the system. We also describe the architecture of a prototype we have implemented which uses the World Wide Web (WWW) as a source of information, and provide results from some initial proof of concept experiments.
Función del óxido nítrico (NO) en la respuesta de la planta al cadmio y a Fusarium oxysporum: Posible conexión entre ambas (2020)

In this thesis, we made a bioinformatics analysis of articles published over the last ten years on the production and/or function of NO in plant responses to heavy metals, including Cd. This analysis showed that exogenous applications of NO to the plant protect against heavy metals, particularly Cd, and that, in response to exposure to heavy metals, particularly Cd, plants initially produce NO, which can act as a signal molecule. At a later stage, the plant appears to be equipped with mechanisms to control NO levels, thus preventing further symptoms of toxicity. Using both biochemical techniques, involving modifications in NO levels through chemical donors and scavengers, and molecular approaches, involving the use of mutants with altered levels of NO, we subsequently analysed the role of NO in Arabidopsis seedling responses to Cd stress and its relationship to ROS. We also show that prolonged production of NO in plant responses to Cd can indeed affect antioxidant systems and induce oxidative stress, suggesting yet again that NO levels need to be strictly regulated in plant responses to Cd stress in order to prevent further damage to the plant. Peroxisomes have recently been shown to play a key role in a plant's early response to Cd stress. While both NO and RNS have been detected in these organelles, little is known about their effect on peroxisomal metabolism and dynamics. In this thesis, we analysed the role of NO in peroxisomal metabolism, distribution and dynamics under control conditions and in response to Cd stress. We showed that NO is involved in changes observed in peroxisomal dynamics which are necessary for the plant to respond to Cd stress. We also demonstrated the effect of NO on the oxidative metabolism of peroxisomes and their cellular distribution, as well as on organelledependent signalling. In addition, we analysed the little-known role of NO in Arabidopsis-Fusarium oxysporum interactions. We found that NO metabolism mutants have differential fungal responses with respect to WT in terms of ROS production, phenols, secondary and iron metabolisms; as well as defence gene induction Also, nitrate reductase appears to be essential for adequate cell wall assembly through the regulation of CESA4 and MYB46, given that the cell wall is a key barrier in the plant’s defence against Fusarium oxysporum. Finally, pre-treatment with Cd was found to protect plants against Fusarium oxysporum and to increase their survival. This could be explained by a priming effect, as certain genes are common to different plant responses to Cd and fungi, particularly Fusarium, suggesting that crosstalk takes place between both these stress conditions.
Prostaglandin E2, monocyte adherence and interleukin-1 in the regulation of human natural killer cell activity by monocytes. (1990)

Monocytes have previously been shown both to augment and suppress human natural killer (NK) cell activity depending upon the conditions. An interleukin-1/interleukin-2 (IL-1/IL-2)-dependent mechanism has been shown to be involved in the augmentative effect. In the current study, the role of the method of monocyte isolation was evaluated. Monocytes isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation were ineffective for modulating NK activity, but monocytes isolated by adherence from most donors exhibited increased augmentation with increased interval of adherence (up to 1 h). However, monocytes isolated by adherence from certain donors reproducibly exhibited increased suppression with increased interval of adherence. The observation of augmentation was correlated with an increase in the balance between IL-1 production and prostaglandin E (PGE) production by the monocytes. The roles of PGE2 and IL-1 were therefore examined by mixing these cytokines with enriched null lymphocyte preparations in the absence or presence of monocytes in the NK assay system. The participation of PGE2 was further examined using monocytes treated with indomethacin (10(-6) M), and the participation of monocyte-membrane-bound IL-1 was evaluated using monocytes fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde. The results revealed that PGE2 production is involved in the suppression of human NK activity by human monocytes, and the functional balance between IL-1 and PGE2 determines whether suppression or augmentation is observed. The data of this and previous studies are consistent with the suggestion that membrane-associated IL-1 is the important IL-1 moiety for the augmentation of human NK activity by monocytes.
Use of  <i>Mucor miehei</i>  Lipase to Improve Functional Properties of Yolk‐Contaminated Egg Whites (2011)

Egg yolk contamination of egg whites continues to be a serious problem in the egg industry. The ability of egg whites to form stable and voluminous foams is greatly inhibited by yolk contamination, even at very low levels, between 0.01% and 0.2% w/w yolk in white. Experiments were conducted to determine if Mucor miehei lipase could regenerate the functional properties of yolk-contaminated egg whites. Lipase from M. miehei and colipase from porcine pancreas were added to yolk-contaminated (0.2%, w/w) egg white samples to hydrolyze triglycerides originating from egg yolk. Enzymatic hydrolysis of triacylglycerols was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography. Treatment of yolk-contaminated samples with lipase and colipase yielded significant (P < 0.05) improvements in a number of the functional properties, including the final foam volume, foam capacity, and foaming power. These functional properties showed complete restoration to control levels. However, foam stability and foam drainage levels were not statistically different from yolk-contaminated samples that had not been enzymatically treated. Enzyme-treated yolk-contaminated egg whites were also tested in angel food cakes. Enzyme-treated, yolk-contaminated egg whites performed similarly to non-yolk-contaminated control, and much better than yolk-contaminated sample in angel food cakes. The results show that most negative effects of yolk contamination can be reversed by treatment with Mucor miehei lipase and colipase.
Abstract interpretation techniques for the verification of timed systems (2005)

En muchos sistemas, la correccion se puede decidir comparando las respuestas
a eventos del entorno con las descritas en la especificacion, En otros
dominios, la correccion no solo depende de que respuestas se produzcan,
sino tambien de cuando. La especificacion de estos sistemas, llamados sistemas
temporizados, contiene informacion temporal como los retardos de las acciones
internas y sucesos del entorno. Este concepto se puede generalizar en sistemas
temporizados parametricos, donde parte de la informacion temporal en la
especificacion es un parametro del sistema. Verificar un sistema con parametros
consiste en determinar el conjunto de valores aceptables para estos parametros
que garantizan un funcionamiento correcto. Sin embargo, muchas versiones
de este problema de verificacion son computacionalmente costosas o incluso
indecidibles.

Una clase importante de sistemas temporizados son los circuitos temporizados,
un estilo de diseno orientado a construir circuitos de alta velocidad.
Un circuito temporizado consigue un buen rendimiento, pero su correccion
solo esta garantizada si los retardos de sus puertas y cables satisfacen
un conjunto de restricciones de tiempo. Por otro lado, los disenadores
de un circuito temporizado tienen algun control sobre esos retardos. Formalizar
el circuito como un sistema temporizado parametrico permite retrasar la
eleccion de esos retardos hasta despues de verificar. Entonces, los retardos
pueden seleccionarse acorde con las restricciones impuestas por la verificacion,
evitando decisiones conservadores a priori. Una buena eleccion de retardos
puede mejorar la eficiencia de un circuito, p.ej., reduciendo su latencia.

Esta tesis estudia la verificacion de sistemas temporizados parametricos,
con atencion especial al dominio de los circuitos temporizados. Los metodos
propuestos se basan en la teoria de interpretacion abstracta, un metodo
general para el analisis estatico usad
Dose Equivalents for Antipsychotic Drugs: The DDD Method: Table 1. (2016)

The major strength of this method to define dose response is that DDDs are available for most drugs, including old antipsychotics, that they are based on a variety of sources, and that DDDs are an internationally accepted measure. The major limitations are that the information used to estimate DDDS is likely to differ between the drugs. Moreover, this information is not publicly available, so that it cannot be reviewed. The WHO stresses that DDDs are mainly a standardized measure of drug consumption, and their use as a measure of dose equivalence can therefore be misleading. We, therefore, recommend that if alternative, more "scientific" dose equivalence methods are available for a drug they should be preferred to DDDs. Moreover, our summary can be a useful resource for pharmacovigilance studies.