gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple description wavelet based image coding (2000)

We consider the problem of coding images for transmission over error-prone channels. The impairments we target are transient channel shutdowns, as would occur in a packet network when a packet is lost, or in a wireless system during a deep fade: when data is delivered it is assumed to be error-free, but some of the data may never reach the receiver. The proposed algorithms are based on a combination of multiple description scalar quantizers with techniques successfully applied to the construction of some of the most efficient subband coders. A given image is encoded into multiple independent packets of roughly equal length. When packets are lost, the quality of the approximation computed at the receiver depends only on the number of packets received, but does not depend on exactly which packets are actually received. When compared with previously reported results on the performance of robust image coders based on multiple descriptions, on standard test images, our coders attain similar PSNR values using typically about 50-60% of the bit rate required by these other state-of-the-art coders, while at the same time providing significantly more freedom in the mechanism for allocation of redundancy among descriptions.
Achieving High Mid‐IR Bolometric Responsivity for Anisotropic Composite Materials from Carbon Nanotubes and Polymers (2012)

Abstract An anisotropic carbon nanotube (CNT)‐polymer composite for bolometric applications in the mid‐IR spectral range (2.5–20 μm) is studied. Composite alignment in conjunction with non‐uniform distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix allows for a significant enhancement of the temperature coefficient of resistance (0.82% K −1 ) with respect to uniform composite (0.24% K −1 ). As a result a responsivity of ≈ 500 V W −1 is reached, which is the highest for CNT‐based bolometers reported to date. Such remarkable optical and thermal characteristics are explained in terms of fluctuation tunneling theory taking into account the composite anisotropy and the gradient of the CNT concentration. Flatness of the photoresponse in the broad spectral mid‐IR range and enhanced responsivity provide a great potential for the use of such novel composite for applications in IR spectroscopy and thermal imaging.
Correct-by-construction generation of device drivers based on RTL testbenches (2009)

The generation of device drivers is a very time consuming and error prone activity. All the strategies proposed up to now to simplify this operation require a manual, even formal, specification of the device driver functionalities. In the system-level design, IP functionalities are tested by using testbenches, implemented to contain the communication protocols to correctly interact with the device. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to automatically generate device drivers from the testbench of any RTL IP. The only manual step required is to tag the states corresponding to the different device functionalities. The Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs) are then used to create a correct-by-construction two-level device driver: the lower level deals with architectural choices, while the higher one is derived from the EFSMs and it implements the communication protocols. The effectiveness of this methodology has been proved by applying it to a platform provided by STMicroelectronics.
Analysis of MIMO Systems With Receive Antenna Selection in Spatially Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels (2009)

We consider a receive antenna selection multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system, where only one out of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> receive antennas is selected. Spatial channel correlation will be considered at the receiver side only. Our goal is to investigate the capacity performance of this system. In particular, we will derive a closed-form expression for the outage probability and an upper bound for the ergodic (average) capacity. These quantities will be expressed using an infinite series representation. To do so, we will first derive the joint cumulative distribution function and the joint probability density function of the squared row norms of the channel matrix. This is enabled by taking advantage of the statistical properties of multivariate chi-squared random variables. Using the outage expression derived, we demonstrate that the considered antenna selection system achieves a full diversity order that is similar to a MIMO system without antenna selection. Next, we derive the probability density function of the maximum of the squared row norms of the channel matrix and its moments, which is straightly related to the system ergodic capacity. We also analyze the error rate performance of the aforementioned receive antenna selection MIMO system while using orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) at the transmitter. Our simulation results are shown to validate our analytical findings.
<title>Novel microwave method for detection of finite surface cracks in metals</title> (1994)

An electromagnetic model for finite surface crack detection is presented. An open-ended waveguide sensor is used to scan a cracked metal surface. The crack is modelled as a large waveguide feeding a smaller one. The characteristics of the standing wave set up in the waveguide is altered when the waveguide is terminated by an imperfect short circuit load (crack surface). This is due to the generation of higher order modes as a result of the presence of the crack. Strategic probing of the standing wave properties is used to indicate the presence of a crack. A Fourier boundary matching technique is used to satisfy the boundary conditions at the waveguide aperture and the crack boundaries. The behavior of crack characteristic signals as a function of crack size and location within the sensor aperture is also studied. A finite fatigue crack is finally detected at 38 GHz to demonstrate the practical feasibility of this technique.
Endurance model for textured-poly floating gate memories (1984)

Textured Poly Floating Gate (TPFG) memories are beginning to dominate the commercial market. This is due to many of its inherent strengths. One of these is the consistency of its endurance. Its predictability is here developed theoretically. Starting with a model of emission from bumps based on the radial solutions of LaPlace's and Poisson's equation in spherical coordinates and the use of an Extreme Value distribution for the bump radii, an expression for charge build-up at constant current fits experimental data very well. This charge build-up is proportional to fluence. When these results are used in a model for continuous data changes, an expression is developed that relates endurance exponentially to a ratio of internal voltages.
Hydrogels as a Platform for Stem Cell Delivery to the Heart (2010)

Stem cell therapy offers great promise to repair the injured or failing heart. The outcomes of clinical trials to date, however, have shown that the actual benefit realized falls far short of the promise. A number of factors may explain why that is the case, but poor stem cell retention and engraftment in the hostile environment of the injured heart would seem to be a major factor. Improving stem cell retention and longevity once delivered would seem a logical means to enhance their reparative function. One way to accomplish this goal may be injectable hydrogels, which would serve to fix stem cells in place while providing a sheltering environment. Hydrogels also provide a means to allow for the paracrine factors produced by encapsulated stem cells to diffuse into the injured myocardium. Alternatively, hydrogels themselves can be used for the sustained delivery of reparative factors. Here the authors discuss chitosan-based hydrogels.
Amyloid β Binds Trimers as Well as Monomers of the 75-kDa Neurotrophin Receptor and Activates Receptor Signaling (2002)

p75(NTR), a nerve growth factor co-receptor that has been implicated in apoptosis of neurons, is structurally related to Fas and the receptors for tumor necrosis factor-alpha that display ligand independent assembly into trimers. Using embryonic day 17 fetal rat cortical neurons and p75(NTR)-expressing NIH-3T3 cells, we now show that p75(NTR) exists as a trimer as well as a monomer. Furthermore, we have reported and others have confirmed that amyloid beta binds p75(NTR), and that this binding leads to apoptotic cell death. We now report that amyloid beta binds to trimers of p75(NTR) as well as to p75(NTR) monomers but not to the p140(trkA), the nerve growth factor co-receptor that mediates neuronal survival. Furthermore, amyloid beta activates p75(NTR), strongly inducing the transcription of c-Jun mRNA and stimulating the stress-activated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, as measured by phosphorylation of its substrate (glutathione S-transferase-c-Jun-(1-79)). Our data suggest that p75(NTR) may be present as a preformed trimer that binds amyloid beta to induce receptor activation, and support the hypothesis that p75(NTR) activation by amyloid beta is causally related to Alzheimer's disease.
Optimization of printing buffer for protein microarrays based on aldehyde-modified glass slides (2007)

It is of great importance to efficiently immobilize probes onto a substrate with good spot quality for fabrication of protein microarrays. Printing buffers play an essential role in the fabrication process for the microarrays. In this work, antigen (Ag)/antibody (Ab) microarrays were fabricated on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified glass slides through glutaraldehyde (GA), a bis-aldehyde homobifunctional cross-linker. Different types of buffers such as triton X-100 and glycerol and their effects on the protein immobilization were investigated for improving the quality of microspots and the immobilization efficiency on the aldehyde-activated APTES silanized slides. In addition, the performance of the optimized printing buffer was characterized with fabricated Ag/Ab microarrays. The results indicated that the optimized printing buffer, 0.01 M PBS with additional 0.003% triton X-100 and 10% glycerol could effectively eliminate non-homogeneous morphology of the microspots and significantly improve the signal intensities. The results provide an improved approach to construct high performance Ag/Ab microarrays.
Recent Applications of Polymer Blends in Gas Separation Membranes (2013)

Abstract Polymeric membranes are extensively used for gas separations but their performance is limited by the upper bound trade‐off discovered by Robeson in 1991. Among the attractive modifications available to increase the performance of polymeric membranes, polymer blending is a unique technique because it offers a time‐ and cost‐effective method of tuning the properties of membranes. A variety of polymer blends has been explored in recent years. The application of polymer blends in gas separation membranes is described by critically analyzing the performance of polymer blend membranes. Polymer blend membranes of different polymer pairs are reviewed and evaluated in terms of phase behavior, permeability, and selectivity.
Genetic transformation of the C<sub>4</sub> plant, <i>Flaveria bidentis</i> (1994)

Summary An efficient and rapid transformation system for the dicotyledonous C 4 plant, Flaveria bidentis has been developed. The method involves Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of explants followed by regeneration of shoots from kanamycin‐resistant callus. Shoots first appear on callus 3–4 weeks after Agrobacterium infection, with plants in soil after another 12–15 weeks. Transformation has been verified by measuring the activity of the gusA and npt ‐II transgenes and by genomic Southern blots to show the stable integration of T‐DNA. Most regenerated plants show normal morphology, are self‐fertile and transgenes show expected Mendelian segregations in the next generation. This system allows one to test a number of gene constructions rapidly and should accelerate progress in studies of the cell‐specific expression of genes coding for C 4 enzymes and the mechanisms regulating the activities of C 4 enzymes.
Speculations on Typological Variation from a Third Factor Perspective (2012)

This paper proposes a third factor principle in the sense of Chomsky (2005) that can underlie typological variation across languages, namely, Maximize Externalization,‘ which results in minimizing the amount of Spell-Out, thereby reducing computational complexity. The working of this principle is associated with the universal Spec-head-complement word order hypothesis of Kayne (1994), regarded as the SVO hypothesis here, without the need for the head-parameter. I first show that well-known typical head-final languages like Korean and Dutch can be subjected to the SVO hypothesis. I then motivate the proposed third factor principle through the well known Extended Projection Principle and the Subject in-situ Generalization phenomena. I further discuss diverse externalization phenomena from several languages to confirm the principle. Lastly, speculations are made in an attempt to deal with externalization differences in size and mode among languages.
The −597 G→A and −174 G→C Polymorphisms in the Promoter of the IL-6 Gene Are Associated with Hyperandrogenism (2002)

To evaluate whether genetic variability at the IL-6 gene (IL-6) is associated with hyperandrogenism, we studied four common polymorphisms in the IL-6 promoter (-597G-->A, -572G--> C, -373A(n)T(n), -174G-->C) in 85 hyperandrogenic patients and 25 healthy women. We found 5 different haplotypes when considering the 3 biallelic polymorphisms at positions -597, -572, and -174 of IL-6 (relative frequencies in parentheses): GGG (0.505), AGC (0.377), GGC (0.059), GCG (0.055), and GCC (0.005). The frequencies of the GGG haplotype were 0.559 in patients and 0.320 in controls, whereas those of the AGC haplotype were 0.318 in patients and 0.580 in controls (chi(2) = 12.145; P < 0.02). The -597G-->A and -174G-->C polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (chi(2) = 152.220; P < 0.00001), and were associated with patient or control status. -597G and -174G alleles were more frequent in patients in homozygosity or considering subjects homozygous and heterozygous for G alleles as a whole (P < 0.05 for all analyses). In healthy women G alleles at -597 and -174 were associated with statistically significant higher circulating levels of IL-6 and basal cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and a tendency (P < 0.10) for higher total T concentrations compared with -597A and -174C alleles. On the contrary, neither the -572G-->C nor the -373A(n)T(n) polymorphism was related to hyperandrogenism or influenced any clinical or biochemical variable. In conclusion, our present results suggest that the -597G-->A and -174G-->C polymorphisms in IL-6 are involved in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenic disorders.
Transient extensional rheology of wormlike micelle solutions (2003)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jonathan P. Rothstein; Transient extensional rheology of wormlike micelle solutions. J. Rheol. 1 September 2003; 47 (5): 1227–1247. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1603242 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Trends in Phased Arrays (2005)

The advent of the ballistic missile threat has promoted interest in a complex form of RADAR commonly called a "phased array. " These RADARs, instead of using a single electrically large antenna such as a parabolic reflector, and mechanically moving it to point the beam, make use of many electrically small antennas (typically hundreds or thousands) and move the beam by varying the relative phasing of these antennas.
Cancer Orthodoxy (1960)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians publishes information about the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer, as well as nutrition, palliative care, survivorship, and additional topics of interest related to cancer care.
Just Sentences: Human rights to enable participation and equity for prisoners and all (2018)

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights holds up the right to opinion and expression for all. Just Sentences was a prison-based language-literacy pilot project for men, delivered by a speech-language pathologist at Risdon Prison in Tasmania, Australia. The pilot provided input into the various interpretative permutations of "just sentences". It enabled skills of opinion and expression. This commentary takes language and social reciprocity to be privileged drivers of personal agency and pro-social personal freedom. It notes the role of hope as an agent of positive change, including in desistance from crime. It describes the project and shares the reflections of the speech-language pathologist who delivered it.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information's Protein Clusters Database (2008)

Rapid increases in DNA sequencing capabilities have led to a vast increase in the data generated from prokaryotic genomic studies, which has been a boon to scientists studying micro-organism evolution and to those who wish to understand the biological underpinnings of microbial systems. The NCBI Protein Clusters Database (ProtClustDB) has been created to efficiently maintain and keep the deluge of data up to date. ProtClustDB contains both curated and uncurated clusters of proteins grouped by sequence similarity. The May 2008 release contains a total of 285 386 clusters derived from over 1.7 million proteins encoded by 3806 nt sequences from the RefSeq collection of complete chromosomes and plasmids from four major groups: prokaryotes, bacteriophages and the mitochondrial and chloroplast organelles. There are 7180 clusters containing 376 513 proteins with curated gene and protein functional annotation. PubMed identifiers and external cross references are collected for all clusters and provide additional information resources. A suite of web tools is available to explore more detailed information, such as multiple alignments, phylogenetic trees and genomic neighborhoods. ProtClustDB provides an efficient method to aggregate gene and protein annotation for researchers and is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=proteinclusters.
Automated assembly of large CFRP structures: Adaptive filling of joining gaps with additive manufacturing (2016)

This paper introduces an enhanced method to generate 3D prints of individual joining gaps in the automated assembly. Therefore the automated processes of surface measurement, virtual construction and additive manufacturing are combined to realize an Industry 4.0 compatible “Smart Factory”. The gap between two parts is calculated prior to physical assembly by measuring the joining surfaces optically. The two joining parts are assembled virtually with an automated gap analysis. Therefore the surface measurements are virtually aligned. To fill the gap with solid material, the gap is 3D printed with a new method processing two geometrically non combined point clouds to one closed volume model that represents the joining gap. Areas with gaps smaller than an assembly specific threshold are automatically omitted during printing. A methodology to reduce surface errors is performed and the 3D gap model is exported in a standardized file format to a printer. This process ensures a fully automated assembly and therefore a faster production. The described method is evaluated and tested on a one-to-one scale assembly cell for next generation vertical tail planes.
Tunneling criteria and breakdown for low resistive magnetic tunnel junctions (2003)

The tunneling criteria are evaluated using magnetic tunnel junctions having ultrathin alumina barrier with and without pinholes. It is shown that the tunneling criteria formulated by Rowell [J. Appl. Phys. 41, 1915 (1970)] clearly do not rule out the presence of pinholes in an ultrathin insulating barrier. In particular, the third criterion, a downward temperature dependence of resistance, cannot be used to decisively rule out the presence of pinholes. Examination of the breakdown mechanism will reveal the true nature of the barrier quality, and thus should be applied alongside the tunneling criteria to identify tunneling and the presence of pinholes.
Review on Online Monitoring of Electrical Machine using IOT (2019)

Online monitoring is the effective way to observe factual data. Internet of things based online monitoring is useful to access data remotely. IoT is the network of physical objects embedded with electronics, software and sensors that enable to collect and exchange data. IoT enables the flexibility and liberty to access the machine placed in a remote area access to keep a continuous track of the machine behavior in real time. Application of this technology in electrical engineering is beneficial to observe different parameters which are not easy to access. Electrical equipment performance can be monitored on a real time basis to improve the operating span. This is carried out using online monitoring system. IoT is used to observe different parameters on real time scale. This helps to measure and sense various parameters like energy, voltage, current, temperature, power factor and frequency of any given electrical equipment. This paper reviews suitability of IoT based online monitoring system for electrical equipment.
Escape of monocyte-derived dendritic cells of HIV-1 infected individuals from natural killer cell-mediated lysis (2003)

NK cell-mediated immune surveillance against infected DC may be effective only during early HIV infection and may not be restored by HAART.
Susceptibility of human monoclonal antibody–producing B cell lines to infection by human immunodeficiency virus (1992)

Seven immortalized B cell clones, five of which secreted specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against hepatitis B, tetanus toxoid, and Rhesus D antigens, were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Infection was confirmed in three human MAb-producing lines by detection of infectious virus and p24 antigen in culture supernates, by immunofluorescence, and by detection of viral DNA in cells by polymerase chain reaction. The infectable lines were as susceptible to HIV-1 infection as several T cell lines and remained persistently infected for several months, but in contrast to T cell controls, viral cytopathic effects were not observed. Levels of unintegrated viral DNA in the HB1 B cell line were significantly lower than in the HUT78 T cell line. Cell lines that were susceptible to HIV expressed HLA DR, CD20, and CD21, whereas the uninfectable cell lines did not express any of the markers tested. CD4 was undetectable or present on a small percentage of cells in two of the infectable cell lines. However, infection with HIV-1 was blocked more efficiently in B cells than in T cells by soluble CD4, anti-CD4 MAb, and dextran sulphate. The effect of HIV infection on human MAb secretion was variable, being reduced on a per-cell basis in one line, increased in another, and unchanged in a third.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)