gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Versatile and Tunable Coating Strategy Allows Control of Nanocrystal Delivery to Cell Types in the Liver (2011)

There are many liver diseases that could be treated with delivery of therapeutics such as DNA, proteins, or small molecules. Nanoparticles are often proposed as delivery vectors for such therapeutics; however, achieving nanoparticle accumulations in the therapeutically relevant hepatocytes is challenging. In order to address this issue, we have synthesized polymer coated, fluorescent iron oxide nanoparticles that bind and deliver DNA, as well as produce contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composition of the coating can be varied in a facile manner to increase the quantity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) from 0% to 5%, 10%, or 25%, with the aim of reducing opsonization but maintaining DNA binding. We investigated the effect of the nanoparticle coating on DNA binding, cell uptake, cell transfection, and opsonization in vitro. Furthermore, we exploited MRI, fluorescence imaging, and TEM to investigate the distribution of the different formulations in the liver of mice. While MRI and fluorescence imaging showed that each formulation was heavily taken up in the liver at 24 h, the 10% PEG formulation was taken up by the therapeutically relevant hepatocytes more extensively than either the 0% PEG or the 5% PEG, indicating its potential for delivery of therapeutics to the liver.
New Field Effect Deep‐UV <i>μ</i>LEDs Development (2018)

Mg‐doped AlGaN layers are needed for deep‐ultraviolet light emitting diodes (DUV‐LEDs). However because of the high activation energy of Mg in such layers, the ionization level of the Mg‐dopants is very low. In this paper a new design is proposed with a view to improve the wall plug efficiency (WPE) of DUV‐LEDs. The method consists in using a geometry combining a UV‐ μ LED and a gate covering the edges of the mesa. This approach is intended to by‐pass the problem of low ionization level of the dopants in p‐AlGaN. The simulated structures include a DUV‐LED mesa structure with Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 N/Al 0.7 Ga 0.3 N multiple quantum well (MQW) active region emitting around 265 nm. It also comprises a gate deposited on the sidewalls of the mesa. Simulations performed with Silvaco atlas will be presented. In particular we will show that by applying an appropriate voltage to the gate, holes can be efficiently injected into the active region. They reach the active region via an accumulation channel below the gate around the mesa, and then diffuse along the length of wells and easily recombine with electrons. Finally simulations show that the calculated WPE can be increased by a factor of 3 for an optimized structure geometry.
Effect of Exogenous Trehalose on the Drought-resisting of Tobacco Seedling under Drought Stress (2010)

[Objective]The theoretical basis of the technique of the seed processing and coating was provided through the research on the exogenous trehalose impacting the tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) seedling growth and its drought-tolerance.[Method]The effect of the different concentrations of trehalose on the tobacco seedling growth was compared through the experiment in the simulated drought stress of PEG6000.[Results]Under the simulated drought condition of PEG6000,the tobacco seedling was obviously affected by drought stress.The content of relative water and chlorophyll in leaf of tobacco seedling under drought stress could significantly be increased,the conductivity and the content of MDA could be reduced,the activity of POD,CAT and SOD could be improved after it was treated by exogenous trehalose.The statistical results showed that the best concentration of trehalose was 10-15 mmol/L.[Conclusion]The exogenous trehalose can alleviate the stress of drought to the tobacco seedling growth for the improvement of the drought-resisting of tobacco seedling.
Formation of Prostaglandins during the Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets (1973)

Prostaglandins E(2) and F(2alpha) were formed in response to ADP, L-epinephrine, or collagen by human platelets suspended in plasma containing citrate anticoagulant and stirred at 37 degrees C. The prostaglandins formed by platelets in response to collagen were rapidly released and the amounts formed were proportional to the amount of collagen added. The formation of the prostaglandins was associated with the single wave of aggregation induced by collagen or the second wave of aggregation induced by epinephrine. The above findings are discussed with reference to published studies on the biochemical changes occurring during platelet aggregation. It is suggested that the formation and release of prostaglandins is associated with the secretion of endogenous ADP and 5-hydroxytryptamine.
On the noise properties of balanced amplifiers (1998)

The balanced amplifier is used in applications requiring a better input match than is possible with a single-ended amplifier. While the impedance matching property of the balanced amplifier is well known, its noise behavior appears not to be widely understood. It is shown that the outgoing noise waves at the input and output of a balanced amplifier are uncorrelated even though they originate in the same components. Hence, a sliding short-circuit at the input produces no variation in the output noise of the amplifier. The properties of a balanced amplifier are similar to those of an amplifier preceded by an isolator, although the noise wave emerging from inputs of the two circuits originates in different elements. The noise theory of the balanced amplifier applies also to balanced mixers based on quadrature hybrids.
A Review of the Biology of Giant Salvinia (1993)

Giant salvinia (Salviniaceae) is a potentially serious aquatic weed that is native to Brazil. It has been reported in more than 20 countries, but is not established in the U.S. at this time. Mitchell and Tur (1975) reported that three years after the formation of the Kariba Reservoir in Africa, giant salvinia blanketed 21.5% or 1003 km2 of the reservoir surface area. Creagh (199111992) wrote, "A single small plant may grow to form a thick mat covering more than 100 sq. km. in just three months - choking lakes and waterways, reducing populations of aquatic plants and animals and in some countries threatening the livelihoods of ... thousands of people". Dense mats of giant salvinia. interfere with rice cultivation, clog fishing nets, and disrupt access to water for humans, livestock, and wildlife (Mitchell 1979), and recreation, transportation, irrigation, hydroelectric generation, and flood control are also hampered (Holm et al. 1977). Thick mats of giant salvinia form large floating islands which support secondary and tertiary colonizing plants and fill in waterbodies (Thomas 1979). Common names of S. molesta include giant salvinia, African pyle, and Kariba weed (Mitchell and Thomas 1972). These names allude to this species' relatively large size and to its successful invasion of Lake Kariba and other waters of Africa. The plant was originally reported as a form of S. auriculata Aubl. It was later reclassified as S. molesta, based on details of the male sporocarps (Mitchell 1972). This review reports on the pertinent scientific literature concerning giant salvinia.
Electro-optic measurements using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with domain reversals (1996)

The number of photonic devices based on integrated-optic waveguides with domain-inverted regions are currently experiencing rapid expansion. Implementation of domain reversals in guided-wave structures brings about an opportunity to significantly increase device efficiency as well as to simplify the structure. Domain inversion has proven beneficial both for nonlinear devices and electro- optic modulators. It should be noted in this regard that while the use of domain reversals for nonlinear interactions has been studied extensively, little information on the characteristics of electro-optic devices with such domain- inverted regions is available in the literature. This paper addresses the latter issue by studying the performance of an integrated-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator with electric-field poled domain-inverted sections. With this device, both the realization of waveguide sections with opposing values of the electro-optic coefficient (r<SUB>33</SUB>), and the measurement of the value of r<SUB>33</SUB> have been demonstrated experimentally.
Design of impurity band-based photonic crystal waveguides and delay lines for ultrashort optical pulses (2001)

We investigate the transmission of ultrashort pulses through impurity band-based photonic crystal waveguides. It is found that in the general case the transmission behavior depends strongly on the pulse width with respect to the resonance linewidth in impurity bands. By controlling the configuration of the waveguides, quasiflat impurity bands can be obtained in which the dependence of transmission on pulse width is very weak. As long as the pulse width is much narrower than the bandwidth, pulses can transmit through the quasiflat impurity bands with negligible distortion and attenuation. The conditions necessary for achieving quasiflat impurity bands are derived by examining waveguides of different configurations and properties. The mechanism responsible for the formation of quasiflat impurity bands is revealed from the discussion of the symmetry of single defect and their coupling.
Vision-based 3d human motion analysis for fall detection and bed-exiting (2013)

Fall is one of the most dangerous and costly accidents that threaten health of elderly people, and a large portion of falls occurs when a patient is trying to exit a bed. This thesis proposes two vision-based approaches for general fall detection and bed-exiting detection for elderly people, respectively. The Kinect sensor is chosen as the major monitoring device. The first approach exploits the Kinect sensor with its Windows SDK to detect fall activities. The recorded spatial coordinates of the human body joints from Kinect's 3D skeletal view are processed to extract posture features. Then the principle component analysis and k-means clustering algorithms are applied for dimensionality reduction, vector quantization and feature translation. HMMs are well known for their application in temporal pattern recognition, thus they are chosen for this project to classify human motion which is a temporal sequence of postures. HMMs are trained by the labelled extracted features to model and discriminate four fall motion classes and three non-fall classes. The second approach utilizes segmented motion history image (MHI) sequences to extract space-temporal features of a moving human body. Eight Hu image moments are calculated to translate the space-temporal features of each frame into vectors to describe video frames. The k-means clustering and HMM modelling are utilized for vector quantization and classification between bed-exiting activities and rolling-on-bed activities. In addition, likelihood probability curves are generated along the time line of all MHIs, endeavoring to predict a bed-exiting activity. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and result evaluation are documented in this thesis. The experimental results using human subjects verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approaches for general fall detection and bed-exiting prediction.
T8-Hydridospherosiloxanes: novel precursors for silicon dioxide thin films. 1. Precursor characterization and preliminary CVD (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTT8-Hydridospherosiloxanes: novel precursors for silicon dioxide thin films. 1. Precursor characterization and preliminary CVDM. D. Nyman, S. B. Desu, and C. H. PengCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 11, 1636–1640Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00035a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00035a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of a neutral N-alkylated diaminedithiol (dadt) 99TcV complex: syn[99TcO(NEt-tmdadt)] (1991)

syn-(4-Ethyl-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diaza-2,9-decanedithiolato)oxo (99Tc) technetium(V), syn-[99TcO(NEt-tmdadt)], [Tc(O)(C12H25N2S2)], Mr = 375, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 9.638(2), b = 14.371(5), c = 11.893(3) A, beta = 100.79(2) degrees, V = 1618.15(75) A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.54 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71069 A, mu = 11.0 cm-1, F(000) = 776, T = 293 K, R = 0.028, wR = 0.042 for 2788 unique observed reflections with I greater than sigma(I). This study is the first which conclusively establishes the structure of the major complex derived from the reaction of an N-substituted diaminedithiol ligand with reduced pertechnetate. An intramolecular repulsion exists between the ethyl substituent and the oxo-metal core, resulting in a larger-than-expected angle for N(2)-Tc-O, 104.7(1) degrees.
Gender, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age‐related macular degeneration: Results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997)

The results suggest that females may have a higher risk of AMD. The significant decrease in early AMD with increasing years from menarche to menopause supports the concept that a shorter duration of oestrogen production may increase risk of AMD.
Restoration of Astronomical Images by Iterative Blind Deconvolution (1993)

We have developed a modified version of the Iterative Blind Deconvolution (IBD) algorithm of Lane, applicable to different types of astronomical data. Besides using positivity, convolution, and support constraints, we have also applied band-limit, multiple image, and Fourier modulus constraints. By using all the available image constraining information, we are able to successfully recover object and point spread function information from noisy data. The algorithm's performance under controlled conditions using simulated data for a binary source object, a compact multiple quasi-point source object, and an extended object with low contrast are demonstrated. The ability of the algorithm to restore information beyond the conventional cutoff frequency is also demonstrated. Results are presented for infrared speckle imaging of (1) the nearby binary star Gl 914, which resolves the secondary component into two stars, and (2) the asteroid 4 Vesta. We also present results for "direct" imaging data in the form of a visible high-resolution image of Capella and an infrared adaptively corrected image of the Galactic center.
Delivery of real-time continuous media over the Internet (2002)

In this paper, we outline an architecture which enables the real-time delivery of continuous media over the Internet using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). We present our implementation of RTP with its control protocol RTCP. RTCP feedback reports are used by our adaptive rate controller to help reduce congestion. Then, we assess the functionality of RTP and its suitability for the future Internet. This leads us to investigate the resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) and evaluate RTP and RSVP together with respect to some transport protocols' requirement for the future Internet.
Substance Abuse (2004)

Abstract This chapter describes how to apply the strengths- and skills-building model to substance use disorders after building a rationale for the use of the model with this problem area. Specifically, motivational enhancement strategies help increase client commitment to changing substance abusing behaviors, solution-focused interviewing focuses on strengths-finding, and cognitive-behavioral therapy targets skills-building. Clients are seen as agents of change, and practitioners use language that implies and encourages change. A rationale is also provided for the use of art therapy in this particular chapter as it is consistent with a strengths orientation. Art therapy uses a non-confrontational, collaborative approach and validates the client's construction of the problem. The strengths- and skills-building model is applied, along with art therapy techniques, to a case example in a short-term inpatient substance abuse treatment facility.
Cationic Nickel Complexes Containing Bulky Phosphine Ligands:  Catalyst Precursors for Styrene Polymerization (2004)

The cationic complexes [Ni(η3-CH2C(R)CH2)(P)2][BPh4] (R = Me, H; (P)2 = (PMeiPr2)2, (PPhiPr2)2, 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane (dippe)) and [Ni(η-2-MeInd)(P)2][BPh4] (2-MeInd = 2-methylindenyl; (P)2 = (PMeiPr2)2, (PPhiPr2)2, dippe) have been prepared and characterized. These materials are catalyst precursors for the nonliving polymerization of styrene to polystyrene without the need of a cocatalyst such as methylaluminoxane. The polymerization reactions are carried out in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane, using a 1:1000 catalyst to styrene ratio, yielding essentially atactic polystyrenes with Mn in the range 14 500−155 000 Da and polydispersities between 1.89 and 9.70. The mass properties of the polymers and the overall yield depend much on the nature of the catalyst precursor.
Lipoxygenase‐Inhibitoren, 3. Mitt.: Synthese von Tetrahydrobenzazepinon‐phenylhydrazonen (1994)

Tetrahydro-2H-benz[b]azepin-2-ones as starting substances are synthesized by Beckmann rearrangement of Schmidt reaction. The tetrahydrobenzazepinones are transformed into the thiones, thiolactim ethers and phenylhydrazones. The compounds are tested as inhibitors of soja lipoxygenase.
Investigation of the active site and the conformational stability of nucleoside diphosphate kinase by site-directed mutagenesis. (1994)

Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) catalyzes phosphate exchange between nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates. Its 17 kDa subunits are highly conserved throughout evolution in both sequence and tertiary structure. Using site-directed mutagenesis we investigated the function of 8 amino acids (Lys16, Tyr56, Arg92, Thr98, Arg109, Asn119, Ser124, and Glu133) that are totally conserved among all nucleoside diphosphate kinases known to date. The mutant proteins all show decreased specific activity and support roles for these residues in catalysis, substrate binding, or both, as was previously proposed on the basis of the x-ray structure (Moréra, S., Lascu, I., Dumas, C., LeBras, G., Briozzo, P., Véron, M., and Janin, J. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 459-467). Furthermore, residues Lys16, Arg109, and Asn 119 were identified to play important roles in conformational stability or subunit interactions. We show that Lys16 and Asn119 form a rigid structure that is important for enzymatic function and that Arg109, known to interact with the phosphate moiety of the substrate, also plays an important role in subunit association. The dual roles of Lys16, Arg109, and Asn119 in both substrate binding and subunit assembly provide further evidence for a functional coupling between catalytic activity and quaternary structure in nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
Dominant Ideologies, Neoliberal Jesuses, and the Academic Study of Religion (2014)

Editor's introduction to the issue. This issue includes a panel on James Crossley's book, Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism (with responses by Justin Tse, Ian Henderson, and Roland Boer as well as a reply by James Crossley). This issue also includes an article on Pauline pseudepigraphy by Gregory Fewster and a pedagogical article by Erica Martin on effectively teaching extroverted and introverted students.
Identification of the Major Site of Rat Prolactin Phosphorylation as Serine 177 (1996)

Phosphorylation of prolactin by endogenous protein kinases within isolated secretory granules was shown to result in the production of both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues. The majority of the radiolabel was determined to be present in the C terminus of the molecule after specific cleavage with glandular kallikrein. Glandular kallikrein cleaves in three places at the C terminus, liberating three small peptides, only one of which contains a phosphorylatable residue. Sequencing of this phosphopeptide showed it to be Arg175-Lys185. Thus the major site of prolactin phosphorylation was determined to be serine 177. Using a synthetic peptide equivalent to this region of the molecule (Ser161-Val180), serine 177 was demonstrated to be a substrate for protein kinase A as well as for one of the endogenous granule kinases. Inclusion of the synthetic peptide in an endogenous granule phosphorylation reaction resulted in competition for the kinase and reduced phosphorylation of prolactin. Protein kinase A phosphorylation of purified prolactin resulted in the production of only phosphoserine and primarily the most abundant (monophosphorylated) variant. We conclude that serine 177 is the major in vivo phosphorylation site of rat prolactin and that phosphorylation of this site can be reproduced by protein kinase A in vitro. The minor threonine phosphorylation site was demonstrated by two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping and mass analysis to be either threonine 58 or 63, both of which are contained within a single peptide.
Transfection of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA virus into giardia lamblia by electroporation of a single-stranded RNA copy of the viral genome. (1990)

The development of a genetic vector for protozoan parasites is a major hurdle yet to be crossed in the study of the molecular and cellular biology of these parasites. We have identified and isolated a double-stranded RNA virus (G. lamblia virus [GLV]) from certain strains of the intestinal parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia (A. L. Wang and C. C. Wang, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 21:269-276, 1986), which is capable of infecting other virus-free strains of G. lamblia (R. L. Miller, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Exp. Parasitol. 66:118-123, 1988). Here we demonstrate that G. lamblia can be infected with GLV by electroporating uninfected cells with purified single-stranded RNA (E. S. Furfine, T. C. White, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7453-7467, 1989) representing a full-length copy of one strand of the GLV double-stranded RNA genome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in vivo that a single-stranded RNA is a competent replicative intermediate for this class of double-stranded RNA virus. In addition, this result represents the first long-term transfection of a protozoan by a single species of RNA and will hopefully expedite the development of GLV as a genetic transfecting vector.