gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Wikipedia as a Knowledge Source in Categorizing Topic related Korean Blogs into Facets (2011)

As blog services and blog tools are becoming more and more popular, people have been able to express one’s own interests as well as opinions on the Web. Search engines are then used for accessing various information that can be found in the blogosphere, where, given a search query, a ranked list of blog posts is provided as a search result. However, such a search result in the form of a ranked list is not usually helpful for a user to quickly identify blog posts that satisfy his/her information need. This is especially true when, given a search query, the search result is a mixture of blog posts that focus on various sub-topics. In such a situation, the framework of faceted search [8], which has been well studied in the information retrieval community, can be a solution. In this paper, we propose a framework of categorizing Korean blog posts according to their sub-topics, where, given a search query, those blog posts are collected from the Korean blogosphere. In our framework, the sub-topic of each blog post is regarded as a facet of an initial topic keyword, and a facet is automatically assigned to each blog post. For example, Figure 1 illustrates a result of faceted search for an initial topic keyword “global warming” within the Korean blogosphere. In this result, a number of collected blog posts regarding “global warming” are categorized into facets by identifying each blogger’s interest in a blog post. This procedure of assigning a facet to a blog post is realized by utilizing Wikipedia entries as a knowledge source and each Wikipedia entry title is considered as a facet label. In the evaluation, we can achieve about 50∼70 % accuracy.
Study of the Reaction Mechanism of the <scp>d</scp> -Glutamic Acid-Adding Enzyme from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

The D-glutamic acid-adding enzyme of Escherichia coli, or MurD, was purified from an overproducing strain and a few aspects of its reaction mechanism were studied. The existence of a reactive cysteinyl residue was shown by the following experiments: (1) two thiol-modifying reagents, (5,5'-dithiobis)2-nitrobenzoic acid and 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, inactivated the enzyme; (2) incubation with tetranitromethane led to inactivation and to the appearance of cysteic acid (not to 3-nitrotyrosine); (3) in each case, ATP or UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala (but not D-glutamic acid) protected the enzyme from inactivation. The existence of a reactive lysyl residue was shown by the action of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, a reagent specific for lysyl residues present in phosphate-binding sites. The formation of an acyl phosphate intermediate was consistent with three types of results: (1) the molecular isotope exchange reaction, which took place only in the presence of phosphate, but which was not strictly dependent on the presence of ADP; (2) a release of phosphate, measured by the molybdate assay, observed when the enzyme was incubated with ATP and UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala (without D-glutamic acid); (3) the appearance of a new radioactive compound (besides ATP and Pi) after incubation for a few minutes with UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala and [gamma-32P]ATP. Finally, the fact that phosphinate 1 was a good inhibitor of the enzyme (IC50 = 0.7 microM) strongly suggested that a tetrahedral transition state follows the acyl phosphate in the reaction pathway.
Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1): a Threat to Human Health (2007)

Pandemic influenza virus has its origins in avian influenza viruses. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 is already panzootic in poultry, with attendant economic consequences. It continues to cross species barriers to infect humans and other mammals, often with fatal outcomes. Therefore, H5N1 virus has rightly received attention as a potential pandemic threat. However, it is noted that the pandemics of 1957 and 1968 did not arise from highly pathogenic influenza viruses, and the next pandemic may well arise from a low-pathogenicity virus. The rationale for particular concern about an H5N1 pandemic is not its inevitability but its potential severity. An H5N1 pandemic is an event of low probability but one of high human health impact and poses a predicament for public health. Here, we review the ecology and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses, assess the pandemic risk, and address aspects of human H5N1 disease in relation to its epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Incidence of coxsackie (B) virus infection in diabetics. (1994)

45 diabetic patients were screened for raised titres against Coxsackie group of viruses. 11 diabetic patients showed raised titres of neutralising antibodies against one of the coxsackie group of viruses, as against 3 in 25 controls.
WHERE2 Location Aided Communications (2013)

This paper presents an overview of preliminary results of investigations within the WHERE2 Project on identifying promising avenues for location aided enhancements to wireless communication systems. The wide ranging contributions are organized according to the following targeted systems: cellular networks, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and cognitive radio. Location based approaches are found to alleviate significant signaling overhead in various forms of modern communication paradigms that are very information hungry in terms of channel state information at the transmitter(s). And this at a reasonable cost given the ubiquitous availability of location information in recent wireless standards or smart phones. Location tracking furthermore opens the new perspective of slow fading prediction.
Synthesis and Systemic Fungicidal Activity of Silicon-Containing Azole Derivatives. (2000)

A new series of azole derivatives containing silicon were synthesized and evaluated for fungicidal activity against rice sheath blight by submerged application. Among them, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpr opan-2-ol (9a) exhibited satisfactory efficacy at 12.5 grams per 10 ares.
Physician data entry: providing options is essential. (1998)

Getting doctors to enter data into computer-based patient records systems is a challenge. Many physicians are resisting using any of the available options, choosing instead to stick with dictating their notes for later transcription. To build support among physicians for electronic records, many health care organizations are placing a premium on identifying the easiest and most efficient data entry methods.
Structure fits the purpose: photonic crystal fibers for evanescent-field surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2010)

We report numerical simulation and hyperspectral Raman imaging of three index-guiding solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) of different air-cladding microstructures to assess their respective potential for evanescent-field Raman spectroscopy, with an emphasis on achieving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) over the entire fiber length. Suspended-core PCF consisting of a silica core surrounded by three large air channels conjoined by a thin silica web is the most robust of the three SERS-active PCFs, with a demonstrated detection sensitivity of 1x10(-10) M R6G in an aqueous solution of only approximately 7.3 microL sampling volume.
Modulatory<i>in vitro</i>effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or antisense oligonucleotide to interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell growth (1999)

We investigated the effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on the spontaneous proliferation and AML colony forming unit (CFU-AML) formation of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in 50 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Exposure to IL-1Ra (10 micrograms/ml) caused either decreased, unaltered or increased AML cell proliferation, as well as of CFU-AML colony formation, depending on the individual patient, but the inhibitory effects were dominant. To evaluate the involvement of IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) in the autonomous AML cell growth, the effects of an antisense oligonucleotide on ICE were examined in 19 of these patients. In a majority of patients, antisense ICE suppressed both AML cell proliferation and CFU-AML although a stimulatory effect was sometimes evident. The proportion of AML patients with suppression obtained by antisense ICE was higher than with IL-1Ra, suggesting the involvement of additional ICE-dependent cytokine(s) in AML cell growth besides IL-1. The presence of IL-1Ra or antisense ICE also suppressed the endogenous IL-1 beta production of AML cells, at both the level of pro-IL-1 beta and mature IL-1 beta. Although inhibition by IL-1Ra or antisense ICE on growth parameters of AML cells in vitro prevailed, indicating the importance of IL-1 activity in autonomous AML cell growth, stimulatory effects on the cells of some patients suggest that AML is a heterogenous disorder regarding IL-1 beta regulation.
Vascular adhesion molecules in nocturnal asthma: a possible role for VCAM‐1 in ongoing airway wall inflammation (1998)

Increased nocturnal airway obstruction in asthma is not associated with an increased nocturnal expression of vascular E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. The relationship between vascular VCAM-1 expression and sub-mucosal EG2 and CD25 positive cells, both at 16.00 h and 04.00 h, suggests a role for VCAM-1 in the ongoing airway wall inflammation of asthma.
Glucocorticoids Reduce Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy Patients (2018)

The prednisone therapy reduces overall aberrancy in IgA1 O-glycosylation in IgA nephropathy patients, but the measurement of IgA1 parameters does not allow us to predict the prednisone therapy outcome in individual patients.
Ultra long-haul transmission over 6,000 km of 100 Gb/s serial signal by using coherent detection (2009)

We have demonstrated a 100-Gb/s single channel transmission over the longest distance of 6,000 km ever reported using 2-subcarrier no-guard-interval PDM CO-OFDM. The unique DSP technology enabled to compensate for CD up to 109,200 ps/nm.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA encoding the pig plasma phospholipid transfer protein (1997)

Humans and the pig show marked similarities in lipoprotein metabolism; therefore, the pig has been used as a model in numerous nutritional studies. Pig plasma displays no activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is known to be responsible for half of the phospholipid mass transfer in human plasma, the other half being accounted for by the plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). This makes the pig an ideal subject for the study of PLTP structure and function. Here we report the molecular cloning of pig PLTP and the eukaryotic cell expression of its complementary DNA. Pig PLTP was found to share 93% amino acid sequence identity with human PLTP and 81% with mouse PLTP. Tissue expression of PLTP mRNA was examined by a method based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and solid-phase minisequencing in nine pig tissues. The highest PLTP mRNA levels were found in the pancreas, brain, lung, and liver. Medium from COS-1 cells expressing PLTP possessed phospholipid transfer activity, and the secreted recombinant PLTP was detectable by Western blotting in the culture supernatant. A mutant protein with a substitution of Cys at position 22 by Arg was found to display impaired secretion into growth medium indicating a role for cysteines in the correct folding of PLTP. This study forms the basis for future work on the structure-function relationships in pig PLTP.
Virtual‐Reality Simulator System for Double Interventional Cardiac Catheterization Using Fractional‐Order Vascular Access Tracker and Haptic Force Producer (2015)

This study proposes virtual-reality (VR) simulator system for double interventional cardiac catheterization (ICC) using fractional-order vascular access tracker and haptic force producer. An endoscope or a catheter for diagnosis and surgery of cardiovascular disease has been commonly used in minimally invasive surgery. It needs specific skills and experiences for young surgeons or postgraduate year (PGY) students to operate a Berman catheter and a pigtail catheter in the inside of the human body and requires avoiding damaging vessels. To improve the training in inserting catheters, a double-catheter mechanism is designed for the ICC procedures. A fractional-order vascular access tracker is used to trace the senior surgeons' consoled trajectories and transmit the frictional feedback and visual feedback during the insertion of catheters. Based on the clinical feeling through the aortic arch, vein into the ventricle, or tortuous blood vessels, haptic force producer is used to mock the elasticity of the vessel wall using voice coil motors (VCMs). The VR establishment with surgeons' consoled vessel trajectories and hand feeling is achieved, and the experimental results show the effectiveness for the double ICC procedures.
Role of the Menisci in the Distribution of Stress in the Knee (1984)

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-synthesizing cells were examined in the transitional areas of rheumatoid synovial membrane infiltrates, which are rich in lymphocytes undergoing blastic transformation, by an electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase-labeling technique. Peroxidase reaction products, indicating the presence of Ig, were initially observed in the perinuclear cisternae of lymphoblasts. These products were subsequently observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in parallel to cellular maturation. In highly differentiated plasma cells Ig was rarely seen in the endoplasmic reticulum. Blastic lymphocytes containing Ig in transitional areas were in close association with macrophages, indicating that the transitional area is a major site of immunologic induction of Ig synthesis in rheumatoid synovial membrane.
A 12.77-MHz on-chip relaxation oscillator with digital compensation for loop delay variation (2015)

This paper presents a 12.77-MHz low power, RC on-chip relaxation oscillator with self-compensation technique. A digital feedback loop is implemented to maintain the frequency stability. A replica comparator is added to generate a reference pulse width for the compensation. After compensation, the frequency is tuned by a digitally controlled delay element. The proposed design is fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS process. The main oscillator consumes 12.8 μW at 0.9-V supply voltage. The whole system consumes 56.2 μW when the digital compensation blocks are enabled. The measured output frequency variation is less than ±0.4% across -30 to 120°C. For a supply range of 0.6 V to 1.1 V, the frequency varies less than 0.5%/V after compensation.
A Finger Vein Image-Based Personal Identification System With Self-Adaptive Illuminance Control (2016)

As a biometric trait, finger vein pattern-based technology is highly effective for personal identification with high security. In this paper, we presented the design of a personal identification system based on near infrared (NIR) finger vein image. In this paper, we introduced an observation model of finger vein imaging, upon which a self-adaptive illuminance control algorithm is proposed and integrated into image acquisition hardware. According to the distribution of pixel intensity of the acquired image, the proposed algorithm could automatically adjust the illuminance distribution of lighting: increase the illuminance of lighting, under which the thicker part of finger body is presented and decrease the illuminance of lighting, under which the thinner part of finger body is presented. With this adaptation, the whole finger body could be illuminated appropriately according to its thickness distribution, and the overexposure and underexposure are avoided effectively. An NIR finger vein image database containing 2040 images is established and published in this paper. In the image preprocessing stage, Gabor filters are used to enhance captured raw finger vein images. In our experiment, the identification performance of our system is evaluated using the recognition rate and the margin distribution. A sparse representation-based algorithm is used to calculate the recognition rate and provide data for margin analysis. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed illuminance control algorithm and the whole system in finger vein-based personal identification.
Relaxin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is associated with activation of the NF-κB pathway in human THP-1 cells (2007)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and relaxin (RLX) are reported to play an important role in tissue remodeling and wound repair. When macrophages populate wound sites, they secrete biologically active substances, including MMPs. The transcription factor NF-kappaB is important in MMP gene regulation in macrophage cells. Thus, a monocyte/macrophage cell line, THP-1, was used to study the molecular mechanism of RLX action on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. After 24 h incubation with porcine RLX (100 ng/ml), conditioned media (CM) and THP-1 cells were collected. Gelatin zymography demonstrated an increase in pro-MMP-9 activity in response to RLX in CM, and no significant change in pro-MMP-2 expression was observed. Immunoblot analysis also revealed an increase in pro-MMP-9 in CM from RLX-treated THP-1 cells. Gel EMSA showed that NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity was elevated in THP-1 cells treated with RLX for 10 min and reached a peak at 30 min. The NF-kappaB DNA complex was supershifted using antibodies against NF-kappaB subunits p50 and p65. Increased expression of the p50 and p65 NF-kappaB subunits was also detected in THP-1 cells after RLX treatment. Incubation with RLX (90 min) reduced THP-1 expression of the NF-kappaB inhibitor protein, IkappaB-alpha. Using a specific NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarmate (PDTC) inhibited nuclear binding of NF-kappaB. Pre-exposure to PDTC suppressed pro-MMP-9 activity and protein levels in RLX-treated THP-1 cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that RLX-induced tissue remodeling through increasing MMP-9 expression is dependent on NF-kappaB activation.
Expeditious Synthesis of Papilionaceous Molecules Containing Oligobenzofurans (2012)

An efficient synthetic route to construct particular papilionaceous molecules containing oligobenzofurans is described. The key steps involved composing the backbone of the molecules by the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, followed by closing the benzofuran ring under alkaline conditions, and further aromatic cyclization of a multi-benzofuranyl precursor using ferric chloride as the oxidative reagent. Basic optical studies (UV-Vis, fluorescence, and fluorescence quantum yield) have been carried out on the synthesized molecules.
Performance problem localization in self-healing, service-oriented systems using Bayesian networks (2007)

In distributed, service-oriented environments, performance problem localization is required to provide self-healing capabilities and deliver the desired quality of service (QoS). This paper presents an automated approach to identifying system elements causing performance problems. Applying probabilistic inference to collected response time and elapsed time data, the approach 1) infers elapsed time for services where data is missing, 2) estimates the response time degradation caused by different services using the duration, abnormality and response time correlation of their elapsed times, and 3) identifies the services that are the most important causes of slow response time and yield the most benefit if recovered. The approach has been used to localize a performance problem on the test bed of a real-world service-oriented Grid. Evaluation using simulations shows that the approach consistently achieves better accuracy than traditional techniques in various service-oriented settings.
Conformational and thermodynamic consequences of the introduction of a nick in duplexed DNA fragments: an NMR study augmented by biochemical experiments (1989)

NMR studies were carried out on various equimolar mixtures consisting of a combination of oligomers: d(ACGGCT) (I). d(pACGGCT) (Ia), d(TGCAGT) (II), d(AGCCGTACTGCA) (III), d(TGCAGTACGGCT) (IV). It is shown that I + II + III (MI) and Ia + II + III (M2) form stable duplexes with nicks in the centre of the respective double helices. A close analysis of the NOESY experiments of M1 and M2 revealed that these fragments form B-DNA type duplex structures. A comparison of the chemical-shift data of the nicked duplexes with those of the intact duplex of III + IV (M3) demonstrated that only small local distortions occur when a nick is introduced. The chemical-shift profiles of M1 and M3 were used to obtain the thermodynamic data for the duplex/coil transitions. The profiles of M1 were analysed by means of a new thermodynamic model (TRIDUP). From the calculated thermodynamic data of M1 and M3 it is concluded that the melting behaviour of M1 occurs cooperatively. A ligation experiment demonstrated that the relatively small substrate (M2) was almost completely joined after an overnight incubation at 14 degrees C.
Improving automotive safety by pairing driver emotion and car voice emotion (2005)

This study examines whether characteristics of a car voice can affect driver performance and affect. In a 2 (driver emotion: happy or upset) x 2 (car voice emotion: energetic vs. subdued) experimental study, participants (N=40) had emotion induced through watching one of two sets of 5-minute video clips. Participants then spent 20 minutes in a driving simulator where a voice in the car spoke 36 questions (e.g., "How do you think that the car is performing?") and comments ("My favorite part of this drive is the lighthouse.") in either an energetic or subdued voice. Participants were invited to interact with the car voice. When user emotion matched car voice emotion (happy/energetic and upset/subdued), drivers had fewer accidents, attended more to the road (actual and perceived), and spoke more to the car. Implications for car design and voice user interface design are discussed.
Routing in Packet-Switching Broadcast Radio Networks (1976)

Packet-switching broadcast radio networks are receiving considerable attention as a feasible solution for applications involving fast network deployment requirements, inaccessible physical environments, and mobile communication devices. Such networks also offer economic alternatives to traditional multiplexing schemes for local distribution. Most of the published papers relating to packet-switching broadcast radio networks address the case in which all communication devices are within an effective transmission range of the destination receiver, thus forming a single-hop network in which no packet routing is involved. In this paper, we address multihop networks. The problems encountered in packet transportation are identified and strategies to resolve these are proposed.
Less than 3 pA/√Hz over 1–800 MHz noise current spectral density optical receiver for SCM-CATV systems (1993)

A low noise optical receiver for SCM-CATV systems is described which uses discrete, commercial devices. By using a symmetrical resonance tuned input configuration, the equivalent input noise current spectral density, measured according to an accurate method, is less than 3 pA/√Hz in the frequency range 1–800 MHz.
Resolution of an averaging paradox in the analysis of switched-mode DC-DC converters (1994)

The validity of an intuitive averaging method for estimating the low-frequency signals in switch-mode systems is rigorously examined It is shown that the approach may lead to erroneous results because it violates the Nyquist sampling theorem and that the resulting aliasing effects may interfere with the estimate of the low-frequency component of the signal. A procedure is proposed to estimate the expected error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>