gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Scanning Fizeau Interferometer: An Automated Instrument For Characterizing Optical Surfaces (1980)

Recently there has been increased interest in the measurement of the microtopography of optical surfaces. The information generated may be used either to predict the scattering characterisitics of a particular surface or to relate surface quality to damage thresholds. Previously, surface profiles have been measured by a variety of techniques including electro-mechanical profilometry and multiple beam interferometry. Surface profiles may also be measured using a scanning Fizeau interferometer. The instrument is similar to conventional Fizeau interferometers, with the exception that the interference pattern is temporally modulated by vibrating the test sample. A detector scanned across the modulated interference pattern produces an ac signal, with a phase that is directly proportional to the profile of the surface under test. An instrument based on this principle has been constructed and is capable of generating profiles of surfaces with rms roughnesses of approximately 20 A. The advantages and limitations of the instrument are discussed. Experimental results are presented.
[Obesity, hypertension, and socioeconomic status in western Santa Catarina, Brazil]. (2016)

This study provided consistent evidence of obesity being associate with HBP. Although this fact is widely known, what should be taken into consideration here is HBP regarding BMI category; normal, overweight and obese volunteers differed substantially between the genders.
Construction and applications of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses: a mini review (2021)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a serious threat to global public health and social stability. There is an urgent need for understanding the nature and infection mechanism of the virus. Owing to its high infectivity and pathogenicity and lack of effective treatments, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled in biosafety level 3 laboratories, which has impeded research into SARS-CoV-2 and the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Pseudotyped viruses that lack certain gene sequences of the virulent virus are safer and can be investigated in biosafety level 2 laboratories, providing a useful virological tool for the study of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will discuss the construction of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses based on different packaging systems, current applications, limitations, and further explorations.
Evaluation of an in vitro degranulation challenge procedure for equine pulmonary mast cells. (1998)

Pulmonary mast cells (PMC) are important components of the inflammatory process in equine allergic lung diseases such as heaves. Very little, however, is known of the degranulation kinetics of these cells and thus, their pathophysiologic role remains largely speculative. The purpose of this study was to develop a repeatable protocol for in vitro equine PMC degranulation. Five mature horses (sex: 2 M, 3 F; age: 8.8 +/- 6.5 y), historically free of pulmonary disease and normal on clinical respiratory examination, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary mechanics testing and histamine inhalation challenge, were studied. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on 4 separate occasions, at least 2 d apart, in a different lung lobe on each occasion. The lavage fluid was concentrated by centrifugation. Cells were resuspended in modified HEPES/Tyrode, assessed for viability by Trypan blue exclusion, and PMC concentration determined. Cell inocula containing 30,000 PMC were incubated with 10(-8) to 6 x 10(-5) M A23187. Cells were then separated by centrifugation and histamine release (HR) was determined by fluorometric assay. The procedure was readily performed and yielded sufficient PMC for 30 to 60 inocula per lavage. Maximal HR (34.4 +/- 16.1%) was obtained with 10(-5) M A23187. The degranulation process was largely complete by 20 min but cell lysis was negligible. The challenge was repeatable within horse and produced a mean coefficient of variability of 23.0% following 20 min incubation with 10(-5) M A23187. We conclude that equine PMC degranulation can be repeatably performed in vitro and speculate that this protocol may be useful in further studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of equine allergic lung diseases.
Nickel phosphate molecular sieves VSB-5 as heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of monosaccharides from formaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone (2012)

Condensation of dihydroxyacetone with formaldehyde was found to be effectively catalyzed by nickel phosphate molecular sieves (VSB-5 and Fe–VSB-5) in neutral aqueous medium. In the presence of VSB-5 the main products are erythrulose and 3-pentulose, while Fe–VSB-5 favours the formation of only erythrulose.
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with in situ charged micelles. 1. Evaluation of N-D-Gluco-N-methylalkanamide surfactants as anionic borate complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with in situ charged micelles. 1. Evaluation of N-D-Gluco-N-methylalkanamide surfactants as anionic borate complexesJoel T. Smith, Wassim. Nashabeh, and Ziad. El RassiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 7, 1119–1133Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00079a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An improved astigmatically compensated resonator for CW dye lasers (1972)

An improved resonator configuration for CW dye lasers is described, permitting minimum circular waist areas and compensation for comatic as well as astigmatic aberration.
Prospects Brighten for Converting Chitin Wastes to Valuable Products (1984)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTProspects Brighten for Converting Chitin Wastes to Valuable ProductsExoskeleton biopolymer from crustaceans and insects may find many uses, ranging from surgical sutures to contact lenses; but hurdles remainREBECCA L RAWLSView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1984, 62, 20, 42–45Publication Date (Print):May 14, 1984Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 14 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v062n020.p042https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v062n020.p042newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1984 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biopolymers Get e-Alerts
An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Ethers:  A Directly Reductive Deoxygenation of Esters Using an InBr<sub>3</sub>/Et<sub>3</sub>SiH Catalytic System (2007)

This study describes a novel one-pot procedure for a directly reductive conversion of the carbonyl function of esters to the corresponding ethers by Et3SiH in the presence of a catalytic amount of InBr3.
Comparison of the Long-Term Effects of Various Topical Antiglaucoma Medications on Meibomian Glands (2012)

Long-term use of antiglaucoma eye drops was associated with alterations in meibomian gland morphology and function.
Differential Inhibition of Calpain and Proteasome Activities by Peptidyl Aldehydes of Di-Leucine and Tri-Leucine (1996)

To explore membrane-permeable synthetic inhibitors that discriminate between endogenous calpain and proteasome in cells, we examined the inhibition of profiles against calpain and proteasome in vitro and in vivo of peptidyl aldehydes possessing di-leucine and tri-leucine. The tripeptide aldehyde benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucinal (ZLLLal) strongly inhibited calpain and proteasome activities in vitro. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) of the casein-degrading activity of calpain was 1.25 microM, and the IC50s for the succinyl-leucyl-leucyl-valyl-tyrosine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Suc-LLVY-MCA)- and benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucyl-leucine-4-methylcoumaryl -7-amide (ZLLL-MCA)-degrading activities of proteasome were 850 and 100 nM, respectively. On the other hand, the synthetic dipeptide aldehyde benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucinal (ZLLal) strongly inhibited the casein degrading activity of calpain (IC50 1.20 microM), but the inhibition of proteasome was weak (IC50S for SucLLVY-MCA- and ZLLL-MCA-degrading activities were 120 and 110 microM, respectively). Thus, while calpain was inhibited by similar concentrations of ZLLal and ZLLLal, the inhibitory potencies of ZLLLal against the ZLLL-MCA- and Suc-LLVY-MCA-degrading activities in proteasome were 1,100 and 140 times stronger than those of ZLLal, respectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of these inhibitors on intracellular proteasome, the induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells caused by proteasome inhibition was examined. ZLLLal and ZLLal initiated neurite outgrowth with optimal concentrations of 20 nM and 10 microM, respectively, again showing a big difference in the effective concentrations for the proteasome inhibition as in vitro. As for the effect on intracellular calpain, the concentration of ZLLLal and ZLLal required for the inhibition of the autolytic activation of calpain in rabbit erythrocytes were 100 and 100 microM or more, respectively. The almost equal inhibitory potencies of ZLLLal and ZLLal were in agreement with the inhibition of calpain in vitro. These differential effects of inhibitors against calpain and proteasome are potentially useful for identifying the functions of calpain and proteasome in cell physiology and pathology.
Development of the speaker-dependent voice activated dialing equipment (2003)

Presents the voice activated dialing equipment for a mobile telephone based on a newly developed speech recognition algorithm. This algorithm has overcome technical difficulties for speech recognition under noisy environments. Evaluation tests under the actual environment in a running car has proven that this equipment has a recognition rate of 98.2%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced thermal architecture for cooling of high power electronics (2002)

This paper presents a thermal architecture concept for analysis of thermal problems and solutions existing in electronics systems. The thermal problems are categorized into a total of seven levels from chip to system. Advanced thermal technologies for addressing the thermal problems at all seven levels are discussed. Integrating the thermal architecture with the electronic architecture can significantly improve the effectiveness of the thermal management.
Bacteriophage T7 DNA Ligase (1996)

The bacteriophage T7 DNA ligase gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction-based methods and cloned into a T7 promoter-based expression vector. The protein was overexpressed to greater than 15% of total soluble protein and purified to homogeneity, yielding 60-70 mg of protein per liter of bacterial culture. An initial physical and biochemical characterization of the enzyme reveals that it exists as a monomer and can ligate nicked, cohesive, and blunt-ended DNA fragments. Inhibition of the enzyme activity by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue was also investigated. The enzyme has been crystallized from methoxypolyethylene glycol. The crystals are of the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2 and diffract to 2.6 A. The unit cell dimensions are a = 66.1 A, b = 87.6 A, and c = 78.6 A, with one monomer in the asymmetric unit (Vm = 2.77 A3/Da). This is the first member of the DNA ligase family of enzymes to be crystallized.
Gram-negative Endotoxin: A Biologically Active Lipid (1988)

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (Nikaido and Vaara 1987) consists of proteins, glycerophospholipids, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Fig. 1). The lipid A component of LPS is unusual in that it is a fatty acylated derivative of glucosamine (see Figs. 2 and 3) instead of glycerol Raetz 1986,1987). The disposition of lipids in the outer membrane of E. coli is highly asymmetrical (Nikaido and Vaara 1987). The lipid A component of LPS makes up the outer monolayer of the outer membrane, whereas glycerophospholipids make up the inner monolayer.
Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction (1995)

"Smart and Moore are engaging writers, providing clear explanations for concepts in solid-state chemistry from the atomic/molecular perspective. The fourth edition is a welcome addition to my bookshelves. … What I like most about Solid State Chemistry is that it gives simple clear descriptions for a large number of interesting materials and correspondingly clear explanations of their applications. Solid State Chemistry could be used for a solid state textbook at the third or fourth year undergraduate level, especially for chemistry programs. It is also a useful resource for beginning graduate
Species-Specific Identification of a Wide Range of Clinically Relevant Fungal Pathogens by Use of Luminex xMAP Technology (2009)

In immunocompromised patients suffering from invasive fungal infection, rapid identification of the fungal species is a prerequisite for selection of the most appropriate antifungal treatment. We present an assay permitting reliable identification of a wide range of clinically relevant fungal pathogens based on the high-throughput Luminex microbead hybridization technology. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region, which is highly variable among genomes of individual fungal species, was used to generate oligonucleotide hybridization probes for specific identification. The spectrum of pathogenic fungi covered by the assay includes the most commonly occurring species of the genera Aspergillus and Candida and a number of important emerging fungi, such as Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Trichosporon, Mucor, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Absidia, and Acremonium. Up to three different probes are employed for the detection of each fungal species. The redundancy in the design of the assay should ensure unambiguous fungus identification even in the presence of mutations in individual target regions. The current set of hybridization oligonucleotides includes 75 species- and genus-specific probes which had been carefully tested for specificity by repeated analysis of multiple reference strains. To provide adequate sensitivity for clinical application, the assay includes amplification of the ITS2 region by a seminested PCR approach prior to hybridization of the amplicons to the probe panel using the Luminex technology. A variety of fungal pathogens were successfully identified in clinical specimens that included peripheral blood, samples from biopsies of pulmonary infiltrations, and bronchotracheal secretions derived from patients with documented invasive fungal infections. Our observations demonstrate that the Luminex-based technology presented permits rapid and reliable identification of fungal species and may therefore be instrumental in routine clinical diagnostics.
Comparative studies of <i>de novo</i> assembly tools for next-generation sequencing technologies (2011)

We studied and compared the performance of commonly used de novo assembly tools specifically designed for next-generation sequencing data, including SSAKE, VCAKE, Euler-sr, Edena, Velvet, ABySS and SOAPdenovo. Tools were compared using several performance criteria, including N50 length, sequence coverage and assembly accuracy. Various properties of read data, including single-end/paired-end, sequence GC content, depth of coverage and base calling error rates, were investigated for their effects on the performance of different assembly tools. We also compared the computation time and memory usage of these seven tools. Based on the results of our comparison, the relative performance of individual tools are summarized and tentative guidelines for optimal selection of different assembly tools, under different conditions, are provided.
ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 (2008)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 70465.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
Drinking habits: recent patterns and trends (2006)

Abstract Chapter 2 discusses the recent patterns and trends of alcohol consumption in the UK, and addresses the demographics and levels of drink and drug use.
Avidin binding of carboxyl-substituted biotin and analogs (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAvidin binding of carboxyl-substituted biotin and analogsKlaus Hofmann, Gail Titus, Judith A. Montibeller, and Frances M. FinnCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 5, 978–984Publication Date (Print):March 2, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 2 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00534a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00534a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views808Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A system to detect complex motion of nearby vehicles on freeways (2004)

We propose an improved computational model motivated by human cognitive processes for detecting changes of driving environments. The model, called dynamic visual model (DVM), consists of three major components: sensory, perceptual, and conceptual components. The proposed model is used as the underlying framework in which a system for detecting complex motions of nearby moving vehicles on a freeway is developed.
Seamless integration of distributed real time monitoring and control applications utilising emerging technologies (2002)

The seamless integration of distributed real time applications is mandatory for such demanding environments as the industrial environment or building management systems. Several technologies presenting different degrees of maturity have been developed to support this goal. The paper presents work done at the Industrial Systems Institute, which resulted in the definition of a system architecture utilising different emerging technologies, and its pilot implementation.
Multipath interference cancellation scheme for multicode CDMA systems in multipath fading channels (2004)

A new multipath interference cancellation (MIC) scheme is proposed and studied for multicode CDMA systems. The proposed MIC scheme can be divided into two sections: firstly, successive multipath interference cancellation for obtaining initial data estimation, and secondly, parallel multipath interference cancellation to further enhance the accuracy of data estimation. BER performance of the proposed MIC scheme is evaluated and compared with the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme in J Chen et al. (2002) using simulation. New simulation results show that the MIC scheme achieves improvement in BER performance than the PIC scheme in J Chen et al. (2002).
PEROXIDE-INDUCED ADDITIONS OF METHYL FORMATE TO OLEFINS (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPEROXIDE-INDUCED ADDITIONS OF METHYL FORMATE TO OLEFINSW. H. Urry and E. S. HuyserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4876–4877Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a550https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a550research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capacitive servo-device for microrobotic applications (1991)

The authors have performed a preliminary study of the servo-properties of a single-unit configuration of the linear rotary differential capacitance (LRDC) transducer. Although it was initially used only for angle sensing, recent experiments demonstrated an actuator function of the LRDC device. In the present work, both the sense and the drive functions have been simultaneously activated in a feedback network. Force control around 3*10-8 N has been accomplished with macro-sized (2-5 cm plate diameter) units. Previously demonstrated scaling properties predict that a micro-unit of similar design (size about 100 mu m) would have excellent sensitivity and respond at high speed. Thus the device is expected to find use as the principal component of a microrobot.