gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Fault Tolerance Model for Microservices Architecture (2019)

Microservices architecture is popular for its distributive system styles due to the independent character of each of the services in the architecture. Microservices are built to be single and each service has its running process and interconnecting with a lightweight mechanism that called application programming interface (API). The interaction through microservices needs to communicate internally. Microservices are a service that is likely to become unreachable to its consumers because, in any distributed setup, communication will fail on occasions due to the number of messages passing between services. Failures can occur when the networks are unreliable, and thus the connections can be latent which may lead to failure or slow response. This might be a problem for synchronous remote calls actively waiting for a response. If they do not use a proper timeout mechanism, they may end up waiting for an extended amount of time. Applications usually set a timeout for all remote calls to avoid hanging of the whole application due to network failure or component failure. However, this timeout needs to be set carefully to make the system or microservice application to work as required. This would prevent further problems because if a remote call is waiting too long for a reply, it can slow down the system in its entirety, and if a connection timeout is extremely fast, it may ignore a response that is sent after timeout. This thesis proposes a dynamic fault tolerance (DFTM) Model to improve the stability and resilience of the microservices architecture. The Model is designed using a two-states Circuit Breaker called Switch Circuit Breaker with Markov-Chain. In addition, a modified Circuit Breaker (three states – open, closed, and half-open) to Switch Circuit Breaker (two states – open and closed) is presented here. The Circuit Breaker uses timeout to detect fault but timeouts usage hinges on assumptions about the real-time behavior of the system and awaiting process can be deduced from the occurrence of a timeout that a failure has occurred. Therefore, DFTM model adopted Markov Chain based model to detect fault without a timeout. Then, it sends the fault directly to Switch Circuit Breaker that uses a 2-states to cover the faults. An important finding is that the DFTM model presents a solution to the problem of transient failures or faults in the interservice communication of microservices architecture. Also, it improves the performance and reliability of microservices architecture.
Bortezomib treatment diminishes hazelnut‐induced intestinal anaphylaxis in mice (2016)

Food allergy is a common health problem and can cause anaphylaxis. Avoidance of the offending food allergen is still the mainstay therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the role of plasma cell reduction by proteasome inhibition in a murine model of food allergy and examined the impact of this treatment on the systemic and local immune response. For this purpose, intestinal anaphylaxis was induced in BALB/c mice with the food allergen hazelnut, in conjunction with different adjuvants (alum and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B SEB) and different administration routes (oral and intraperitoneal). In both models, allergy symptoms were observed, but the clinical severity was more pronounced in the hazelnut-alum model than in the hazelnut-SEB model. Accordingly, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against hazelnut was detectable, and mast cell protease-1 in serum was increased after allergen provocation. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduced plasma cells and resulted in an abolishment of hazelnut allergen-specific IgE, which was associated with amelioration of clinical symptoms as well as a significant decrease in both CD19(+) and follicular B lymphocytes. Our data demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific IgE in food allergy and point to B cells as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
Discontinuous Control Systems (2008)

Discontinuous control systems are the oldest type of control system and the mostwidespreadtypeofnonlinearcontrolsystem. Thetheoryofdiscontinuous control, and the theory of relay feedback systems in pa
Do macrophages kill through apoptosis? (1996)

Macrophages can kill target cells independent of conventional immune specificity. Based on a re-examination of literature three decades old and recent experiments, Antonios Aliprantis and colleagues propose that macrophages kill target cells by inducing apoptosis. For this purpose, macrophages employ a selection of pro-apoptotic mediators including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and tumour necrosis factor alpha.
The Sweet-Home speech and multimodal corpus for home automation interaction (2014)

International audience
A Novel Natural NADH and NADPH Dependent Glutathione Reductase as Tool in Biotechnological Applications (2014)

The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is an important reducing agent in cell physiology. Glutathione reductases (GR) of humans and higher organisms convert oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to two reduced GSH molecules under consumption of the co-factor NADPH. GSH acts as an antioxidant eliminating reactive oxygen species in the cell. We found a novel GR being able to accept both NADPH and much cheaper NADH for GSSG reduction. For the first time we produced it in E. coli and purified active GR from Allochromatium vinosum, determined its Km-values for NADH (0.026 mM) and NADPH (0.309 mM), as well as its temperature optimum (20 °C) and pH optimum (pH 8). Since numerous bio-diagnostic assays and enzymatic processes are dependent on GRs the possibility to use a cheaper co-substrate could help to overcome cost limitations in future.
Technetium-99m-labeled anti-granulocyte antibodies in suspected bone infections. (1992)

The introduction of 99mTc-labeled anti-granulocyte antibodies seemed to provide advantages in comparison with formerly used in vitro methods to label autologous white blood cells for inflammation imaging. For this reason, we have undertaken a study to evaluate the clinical significance of this method. Thirty unselected patients with suspected bone infections were studied prospectively using the monoclonal 99mTc-labeled anti-granulocyte antibody. Twenty patients were referred with suspected infections of the peripheral bones (Group I), as well as 10 patients with suspected infections of the spine (Group II). Planar whole-body scans were performed 4 hr and 20 to 24 hr after administration of 500 MBq of the labeled antibody. Scans were considered positive for a bacterial (septic) infection when a focally increased antibody accumulation occurred. All scans were evaluated in blinded fashion by two experienced readers. Of the 20 studies from Group I patients, four false-positive scintigraphic findings were observed, and one false-negative, resulting in a specificity of only 64% and a sensitivity of 89%. In Group II (10 studies), five scans were true-negative, and five false-negative. For both groups, the specificity of the scintigraphic method was quite low (75%), and the sensitivity was also relatively low (57%). The results of this study demonstrate that in an unselected patient population in whom the diagnosis is not known, scintigraphy with 99mTc-anti-granulocyte antibodies is not a reliable method for detecting septic inflammatory lesions: In addition, use of this method excludes septic lesions with only a moderate likelihood (83% negative predictive value).
Lasers: Harnessing the Atom’s Light. (1998)

First Page
When Optimizer Chooses Table Scans (2018)

Recent studies show that table scans are increasingly more common than using secondary indices. Given that the optimizer may choose table scans when the selectivity is as low as 0.5% with large data, it is important to make initial query results faster for interactive data explorations. We formulate it as a query result timeliness problem, and propose two complementary approaches. The first approach builds lightweight statistics and judiciously determines an access order to data blocks for a given query. The second approach performs adaptive microscopic tuple reordering online without relying on pre-built statistics. Our systematic experimental evaluation further verifies the efficiency and efficacy of our approaches.
Isolation Housing Exacerbates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathophysiology in Aged APP/PS1 Mice (2015)

The results demonstrate that social isolation exacerbates Alzheimer's disease-like pathophysiology in aged APP695/PS1-dE9 transgenic mice, highlighting the potential role of group life for delaying or counteracting the Alzheimer's disease process.
Monocoque Stability in Compression (1939)

IN R. & M. 1679 and AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING, December, 1935, the author gave certain expressions for the stable loads which a stiffened‐skin panel, flat or curved, was capable of carrying without collapse by buckling. As regards the curved panel, it was there implicitly assumed that waving over relatively long lengths was impossible, because of the presence of rigid bulkheads or similar supports at intervals. While this will normally be the case in practice, it may happen that in some part of the structure a long length of panel remains without support other than that given to it by the ordinary frames and stringers. As this will tend to reduce the buckling load, it seems desirable to complete the theory to include the case of buckling in long waves.
Dual-Band Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna (2012)

A dual-band omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is proposed. The antenna comprises back-to-back microstrip patches fed by a coplanar waveguide. A very low frequency ratio of 1.182 has been achieved, which can be easily tuned by adjusting four lumped capacitors incorporated into the antenna. An analysis of the omnidirectional circular polarization mechanism as well the dual band operation is provided and confirmed by numerical and experimental data. Key parameters to tune the resonant frequencies and the axial ratio have been identified. The prototype antenna provides omnidirectional circular polarization in one plane with cross polar isolation better than 12 dB for both frequency bands.
3D multiple input single output near field automotive synthetic aperture radar (2017)

Radar sensors play an important role in the technology field of autonomous driving. In contrast to optical cameras, they work reliable by night, mist, snow and fog. Recent radar sensors have problems in near-field scenarios. In this paper, we investigate how the technique of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to reconstruct the 3D near-field environment up to 30m with several physical radar sensors using the global backprojection algorithm. The main challenge applying SAR to an automotive 77 GHz radar sensor with 2 GHz bandwidth and a short sweep duration of 10 μs is to avoid azimuth aliasing, which means avoiding ghost targets. In the case of monostatic SAR, the sensors have to be placed 1mm next to each other, which is unrealistic in practice. By using multiple input single output (MISO) sensors arranged in a circular manner we increase this distance to 4 cm, which is now feasible in practice. This sensor arrangement enables applying SAR to near-field automotive applications.
The influence of vasovasostomy on testicular alterations after vasectomy in Lewis rats (1987)

The occurrence of alterations in testicular weight and morphology after vasectomy and vasectomy reversal by vasovasostomy was studied in Lewis rats. Animals were studied 3, 4, and 7 months after bilateral vasectomy or a vasectomy followed 3 months later by vasovasostomy. Other rats served as sham-operated controls. The weights of the testes in vasectomy and vasovasostomy animals fell into two groups-small testes weighing less than 0.88 g and normal-sized testes of 1.2 g or more. When the extent of testicular alterations was estimated in sections for light microscopy by use of a semiquantitative testicular biopsy score count (TBSC), the morphology of the testes corresponded closely to the testis weight (r = .94), small testes having correspondingly low TBSC scores. In severely altered small testes, the seminiferous tubules were narrower than in sham-operated rats, and numbers of germ cells were greatly depleted. Many tubules contained only Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, although spermatocytes were present in a minority of tubules. A few seminiferous tubules contained multinucleate spermatids. Electron microscopy of severely altered tubules revealed closely apposed processes of Sertoli cells, which contained filaments, microtubules, and endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, testes with normal weight in vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups resembled those of the sham-operated animals. Comparison of distributions of testicular biopsy score counts demonstrated differences between vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups as time after operation increased. At the 3-4-month intervals, approximately one-third of the testes were severely altered in both vasectomy and vasovasostomy groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recombination and Spontaneous Mutation at the Major Cluster of Resistance Genes in Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) (2001)

Two sets of overlapping experiments were conducted to examine recombination and spontaneous mutation events within clusters of resistance genes in lettuce. Multiple generations were screened for recombinants using PCR-based markers flanking Dm3. The Dm3 region is not highly recombinagenic, exhibiting a recombination frequency 18-fold lower than the genome average. Recombinants were identified only rarely within the cluster of Dm3 homologs and no crossovers within genes were detected. Three populations were screened for spontaneous mutations in downy mildew resistance. Sixteen Dm mutants were identified corresponding to spontaneous mutation rates of 10(-3) to 10(-4) per generation for Dm1, Dm3, and Dm7. All mutants carried single locus, recessive mutations at the corresponding Dm locus. Eleven of the 12 Dm3 mutations were associated with large chromosome deletions. When recombination could be analyzed, deletion events were associated with exchange of flanking markers, consistent with unequal crossing over; however, although the number of Dm3 paralogs was changed, no novel chimeric genes were detected. One mutant was the result of a gene conversion event between Dm3 and a closely related homolog, generating a novel chimeric gene. In two families, spontaneous deletions were correlated with elevated levels of recombination. Therefore, the short-term evolution of the major cluster of resistance genes in lettuce involves several genetic mechanisms including unequal crossing over and gene conversion.
Tea classification and quality assessment using laser-induced fluorescence and chemometric evaluation (2012)

Laser-induced fluorescence was used to evaluate the classification and quality of Chinese oolong teas and jasmine teas. The fluorescence of four different types of Chinese oolong teas-Guangdong oolong, North Fujian oolong, South Fujian oolong, and Taiwan oolong was recorded and singular value decomposition was used to describe the autofluoresence of the tea samples. Linear discriminant analysis was used to train a predictive chemometric model and a leave-one-out methodology was used to classify the types and evaluate the quality of the tea samples. The predicted classification of the oolong teas and the grade of the jasmine teas were estimated using this method. The agreement between the grades evaluated by the tea experts and by the chemometric model shows the potential of this technique to be used for practical assessment of tea grades.
Using prediction to provide decision support for the elicitation of user preferences (2006)

In multi-criteria decision making problems such as selecting development policies, selecting software products, or searching for commodities to purchase, it is necessary to have a precise model of the user preferences. Studies have revealed that often people are unable to state their preferences up front, and that they start to evaluate solution alternatives with a small set of high-value preferences; but change the value of those preferences as they discovery other solution features which they can incorporate into their preference models (B. Faltings et al., 2004). While, a variety of preference elicitation models have been proposed, limited or no effort has been made to utilize historical data to provide decision support for the elicitation of user preferences. In this paper, we discuss using neural net to take advantage of historical data, and provide decision support for developing user preference models, as well as preference value functions; from a set of high-value preferences. Moreover, we report results of using our technique to elicit the user preferences for evaluating and selecting a commercial-off-the-shelf software component
Optical absorption edge of Si<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1980)

The optical absorption spectrum of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is calculated using tight-binding single-particle Hamiltonian and a screened Coulomb electron-hole interaction. The results of the calculation suggest strongly that all four features in ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$ are excitonic resonances, that the gap in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is 8.9 eV as indicated by internal photoemission, and that a Rydberg series of disallowed excitons exists beginning at 8.4 eV.
Toxic Amino Acids: Their Action as Antimetabolites (1967)

Introduction Analogs of Proline Analogs of Aromatic Amino Acids Analogs of Histidine Analogs of Arginine Analogs of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Miscellaneus Analogs and Toxic Amino Acids Conclusions and Sepeculation
Wireless Power Transmission Millimeter Waves Used to Power Mass Transit (2010)

(Abstract) Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is a means by which large amounts of electrical energy in the form of electromagnetic waves may be transferred cleanly, safely, silently, securely and unobtrusively from a fixed or mobile source to a remote fixed or mobile energy-consuming device. This WPT system replenishes on-board energy storage in a moving (or parked) vehicle utilizing a millimeter wave (MMW) energy beam focused on the vehicle's antenna so that there is no stray or wayward energy inside or around the vehicle. This wireless charging method is a transportation system and technology platform that will provide pollution-free motive power for public (and private) transit vehicles while having the same range, power, and maneuverability currently enjoyed by vehicles powered with the internal combustion (IC) engine. The vehicles will have an electric drive motor (or motors) with on-board energy storage (battery, flywheel, fuel cell, etc.) as a reservoir when not in the range of the recharge network. The goal is to retain all the positive attributes of the IC-engine driven vehicles while reducing pollution and dependency on hydrocarbon fuels for public transportation. This new system is especially suited for mass transportation vehicles. The system can start out small in downtown areas of large- or medium-sized cities with public transportation, and then expand in-to smaller towns and eventually into rural areas as well. The WPT network will be established along the roadside on existing power line (telephone/utility/street light) poles or new stand-alone poles. The recharge system can be used with electric or hybrid-electric vehicles. The mathematical model developed here represents the charging of a metal-wheeled vehicle traveling on a steel rail. Modeled after an existing route of Boston's public transit system (The MBTA), the Mattapan Line demonstrates that even a vehicle of this size (nominal full capacity 27,125 kg (59,800lbs)) can traverse its one-way, 2.6 mile (4.2km) or round trip, 5.2 mile (8.4km) route with wireless power beam charging at each terminus where the vehicles dwell for 10 minutes between runs. The model considers an energy balance on the accelerating or decelerating trolley as it stops to pick up passengers along the route as well as the losses while traveling at a constant velocity between passenger stops. The energy required to travel the round trip route with maximum capacity and maximum average velocity of 30MPH (48.3km/hr) is 7.8356 kW-hrs. With a 45kW power beam, 6 kW-hrs maximum on-board electrical energy storage, 80% transmission efficiency and 75% power duty cycle, the trolley will have a minimum 27% energy reserve on-board storage, whether traveling Mattapan to Ashmont or Ashmont to Mattapan. The model clearly demonstrates that a MMW power beam will easily power a PCC trolley with 2.6 miles between recharge stations.
Sub-diffraction imaging with compensating bilayers (2005)

We derive a general expression for the material properties of a compensating bilayer, which is a pair of material layers which transfer the field distribution from one side of the bilayer to the other with resolution limited only by the deviation of the material properties from specified values. One of the layers can be free space, a special case of which is the perfect lens, but the layers need not have equal thickness. Compensating a thick layer of free space with a thin layer creates a focusing device with increased working distance, and employs an anisotropic material. It is also possible to achieve compensation of materials with property tensors that are neither positive nor negative definite. In this case, we refer to such media as indefinite, and we analyse, in detail, bilayers of these media which support coupling of internal propagating waves to incident waves of any transverse wave vector. In this case, we find that the enhanced spatial resolution provided by large transverse wave vectors is far less sensitive to loss than that of the perfect lens.
Focusing through skull with time reversal mirrors. Application to hyperthermia (2002)

The time reversal process has been applied to aberration correction in transskull focusing. The objective is to focus high-power ultrasound beams through the skull bone for non-invasive local destruction of brain tumours. Although the location of brain tumours may be accurately determined with X-ray or MRI systems, the focusing of an ultrasonic wave remains difficult. Indeed, large differences between acoustic velocities in bone and soft tissues combined with variation of skull thickness result in severe phase aberrations. Additionally, the skull induces severe attenuation of ultrasound and thus, reduces the efficiency of the time reversal approach. An amplitude correction method is proposed to compensate for the attenuation. When the skull is close to the array, this method consists in inverting the amplitude modulation before the time reversal operation. The focal spot is then shifted electronically inside the whole volume of the tumour.
The acetone butanol fermentation on glucose and xylose. I. Regulation and kinetics in batch cultures (1986)

The kinetics in batch culture of the acetone butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum is compared on glucose, xylose, and mixtures of both sugars. The fastest initial growth and transition from an acid to a solvent metabolism occurs on glucose, with a final 62 g/L glucose conversion. On xylose, an initial slower growth rate and a longer metabolic transition result in higher cellular and acids concentration, thus in a level of fermented sugar limited to 47 g/L. Batch fermentations on mixtures of glucose and xylose show that both sugars can be fermented, with a higher rate for glucose. However, xylose fermentation is inducible and inhibited at glucose level above 15 g/L. Mixtures of glucose and xylose yield the highest amount of fermented sugars, up to 68 g/L, as a result of both a fast metabolic transition on glucose and a strong acid reconsumption on xylose. In all cases, solvent production is triggered at a total acid concentration between 4 and 5 g/L, whereas the final inhibition of the fermentation takes place at a total butanol and acid concentration between 18 and 20 g/L.