gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastable Pitting of Aluminum and Criteria for the Transition to Stable Pit Growth (1994)

Analysis of current spikes associated with pitting events was performed on high purity Al loop wire electrodes over a range of Cl− concentrations (10−4 to 1M) and potentiostatically applied potentials. A distribution of pitting and repassivation potentials was observed at each Cl− concentration. Factors controlling the transition from metastable to stable pitting were identified by comparing the electrochemical behaviors of stable pits at elapsed times equal to the mean lifetime of metastable pits. This comparison also provided insight on the origins of statistical distributions of pitting potentials. The key differences were that (i) stable pits had a faster rate of rise in pit current which implies a faster growth rate and, subsequently, larger pit radii at times equal to metastable pit lifetimes, and (ii) stable pits satisfied the criterion , at all times during growth, indicating that a concentrated solution must be maintained for pit survival. However, the pit growth rates were ohmically limited near the pitting potential. Chromate inhibitor decreased the metastable pit nucleation rate and minimized pit growth rates so that the 10−2 A/cm criterion was difficult to achieve; hence the chance for pit stabilization was reduced.
Pinanediol [.alpha.-(trimethylsilyl)allyl]boronate and related boronic esters (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPinanediol [.alpha.-(trimethylsilyl)allyl]boronate and related boronic estersDavid J. S. Tsai and Donald S. MattesonCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 2, 236–241Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00074a006https://doi.org/10.1021/om00074a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1104Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oral Tolerance Induced by Transfer of Food Antigens via Breast Milk of Allergic Mothers Prevents Offspring from Developing Allergic Symptoms in a Mouse Food Allergy Model (2012)

We examined whether maternal exposure to food antigens during lactation and maternal allergic status would affect the development of food allergy in offspring. OVA-sensitized or OVA-nonsensitized BALB/c female mice were exposed or unexposed to OVA during lactation. After weaning, their offspring were systemically sensitized twice with OVA and repeatedly given OVA by oral intubation. While 97.1% of the mice breastfed by OVA-nonsensitized and OVA-unexposed mothers developed allergic diarrhea, 59.7% of the mice breastfed by OVA-exposed nonallergic mothers during lactation and 24.6% of the mice breastfed by OVA-exposed allergic mothers during lactation developed food allergy. Furthermore, OVA was detected in breast-milk from OVA-exposed nonallergic mothers during lactation (4.6 ± 0.5 μg/mL). In addition, OVA-specific IgG1 titers were markedly increased in breast milk from allergic mothers (OVA-sensitized and OVA-unexposed mother: 11.0 ± 0.5, OVA-sensitized and OVA-exposed mother: 12.3 ± 0.3). Our results suggest that oral tolerance induced by breast milk-mediated transfer of dietary antigens along with their specific immunoglobulins to offspring leads to antigen-specific protection from food allergy.
The effect of environmentally induced stem temperature gradients on transpiration estimates from the heat balance method in two tropical woody species (1994)

Commercially available sap flow gauges were used to evaluate the performance of the stem heat balance (SHB) technique for measuring sap flow in coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Yellow Catuai) and koa (Acacia koa Gray) plants under greenhouse and field conditions. Transpiration rates measured gravimetrically and with the SHB technique were similar in greenhouse tests, provided that insulation in addition to that supplied by the gauge manufacturer was applied to reduce radiant heating in the vicinity of the sap flow gauges. Unrealistic estimates of transpiration rates were sometimes obtained under both field and greenhouse conditions as a result of negative stem temperature differentials from below to above the gauge heater, even in the absence of power applied to the heaters. It was possible to correct this environmentally induced bias by means of additional stem insulation that minimized the rate of change in stem temperature, or by applying simple corrections using the DeltaT values for unheated gauges operated as blanks. In the field, where dense canopies reduced the radiant energy load on stems, temperature corrections were unnecessary, because DeltaT values in unheated gauges were near zero.
Electrooxidation of Thiols in the Presence of Halide Ions—A Facile Preparative Method for Synthesis of Disulfides (1993)

Abstract The aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic disulfides were easily synthesized by the electrolysis of corresponding thiols. The electrochemical method is also convenient for synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted disulfides and “paired” synthesis of disulfide and sulfide.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of N‐Arylputrescines and Cadaverines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative analysis of flagellar movement in hyperactivated and acrosome‐reacted golden hamster spermatozoa (2002)

Caudal epididymal spermatozoa of golden hamsters were incubated in capacitation medium. Their movement patterns changed as they became hyperactivated and underwent the acrosome reaction. To understand the basic mechanism by which changes in movement pattern are brought about, digital image analysis was carried out on the flagellar movements recorded with a video system. The degree of flagellar bending increased with incubation time, especially in the proximal midpiece. The hyperactivated spermatozoa had remarkably asymmetrical flagellar waves of large amplitude because either the bends in the same direction as the hook of the head (referred as the "pro-hook bend") or the bends in the opposite direction to the hook of the head (referred as the "anti-hook bend") extremely increased their curvature; whereas, the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa had relatively symmetrical flagellar waves of large amplitude because both the pro- and anti-hook bends remarkably increased their curvature. Beat frequency significantly decreased while wavelength of flagellar waves increased after hyperactivation and further after the acrosome reaction. These results suggest that both extreme pro- and anti-hook bends are essential in the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa even though beat frequency decreased markedly.
Quantifying Peptides in Isotopically Labeled Protease Digests by Ion Mobility/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Ion mobility/time-of-flight techniques have been used to analyze mixtures of isotopically labeled peptides. The isotopic labels were generated by treatment of peptides with N-acetoxysuccinimide (or the deuterated analogue), which results in acetylation (or deuterioacetylation) of the primary amines (i.e., the N-terminus and lysine residues). The relative concentrations of a peptide in each sample are determined by comparing the peak intensities for isotopic pairs. An important consideration is that as mixtures become increasingly complex, isotopic pairs of peaks may overlap with other peaks in the mass spectrum. The influence of the acetyl and deuterioacetyl groups on the mobilities of peptides is considered. The coincidence in mobilities of isotopic pairs provides a means of distinguishing isotopic pairs from other isobaric interferences.
3-(2-Benzofuranyl)quinuclidin-2-ene Derivatives:  Novel Muscarinic Antagonists (1996)

A series of 26 derivatives of the novel muscarinic antagonist 3-(2-benzofuranyl)quinuclidin-2-ene (1) has been synthesized and evaluated for muscarinic and antimuscarinic properties. The affinity of the compounds was determined by competition experiments in homogenates of cerebral cortex, heart, parotid gland, and urinary bladder from guinea pigs using (-)-[3H]-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate as the radioligand, and the antimuscarinic-potency was determined in a functional assay on isolated guinea pig urinary bladder using carbachol as the agonist. The 5-fluorobenzofuranyl derivative was slightly more potent than 1. The 7-bromo-substituted 8 displayed a 14-fold tissue selectivity ratio for muscarinic receptors in the cortex versus the parotid gland. Comparative molecular field analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationship models were developed for this series of substituted benzofuranyl derivatives.
Faster across the PCIe bus: a GPU library for lightweight decompression (2017)

This short paper present a collection of GPU lightweight decompression algorithms implementations within a FOSS library, Giddy - the first to be published to offer such functionality. As the use of compression is important in ameliorating PCIe data transfer bottlenecks, we believe this library and its constituent implementations can serve as useful building blocks in GPU-accelerated DBMSes --- as well as other data-intensive systems.
Uncertainty Autoencoders: Learning Compressed Representations via Variational Information Maximization (2018)

Compressed sensing techniques enable efficient acquisition and recovery of sparse, high-dimensional data signals via low-dimensional projections. In this work, we propose Uncertainty Autoencoders, a learning framework for unsupervised representation learning inspired by compressed sensing. We treat the low-dimensional projections as noisy latent representations of an autoencoder and directly learn both the acquisition (i.e., encoding) and amortized recovery (i.e., decoding) procedures. Our learning objective optimizes for a tractable variational lower bound to the mutual information between the datapoints and the latent representations. We show how our framework provides a unified treatment to several lines of research in dimensionality reduction, compressed sensing, and generative modeling. Empirically, we demonstrate a 32% improvement on average over competing approaches for the task of statistical compressed sensing of high-dimensional datasets.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Exploring the Role of Cooperative Extension in Kansas Communities (2012)

TBIoptions helps survivors of traumatic brain injury and their families identify, locate, and contact helpful organizations in their local communities to promote successful living. This article discusses the role of county agents in the program and the support offered by community partners. Results of pre- and post-surveys for both groups are reported. The research provides information regarding changes in knowledge and noteworthy outcomes for participating agents and community partners. Through engagement in the issue of traumatic brain injury, Extension is better positioned to meet the needs of survivors, family members, and caregivers within Kansas.
Space vector PWM technique with minimum switching losses and a variable pulse rate [for VSI] (1997)

A novel randomized control strategy for three-phase voltage source inverters, based on voltage space vectors, is described. An implicit asymmetrical modulating function results in switching losses in the inverter being reduced by about half in comparison with those using the classic space vector pulsewidth PWM method. The pulse rate is varied within individual 60/spl deg/ sectors of the vector plane, so that the power spectra of the output voltage are spread over a wide frequency range and acquire a continuous part. Relevant theoretical analyses, computer simulations and experimental results are presented.
Regulation and localization of tyrosine<sup>216</sup>phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in cellular and animal models of neuronal degeneration (2000)

Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) by S(9) phosphorylation is implicated in mechanisms of neuronal survival. Phosphorylation of a distinct site, Y(216), on GSK3beta is necessary for its activity; however, whether this site can be regulated in cells is unknown. Therefore we examined the regulation of Y(216) phosphorylation on GSK3beta in models of neurodegeneration. Nerve growth factor withdrawal from differentiated PC12 cells and staurosporine treatment of SH-SY5Y cells led to increased phosphorylation at Y(216), GSK3beta activity, and cell death. Lithium and insulin, agents that lead to inhibition of GSK3beta and adenoviral-mediated transduction of dominant negative GSK3beta constructs, prevented cell death by the proapoptotic stimuli. Inhibitors induced S(9) phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3beta but did not affect Y(216) phosphorylation, suggesting that S(9) phosphorylation is sufficient to override GSK3beta activation by Y(216) phosphorylation. Under the conditions examined, increased Y(216) phosphorylation on GSK3beta was not an autophosphorylation response. In resting cells, Y(216) phosphorylation was restricted to GSK3beta present at focal adhesion sites. However, after staurosporine, a dramatic alteration in the immunolocalization pattern was observed, and Y(216)-phosphorylated GSK3beta selectively increased within the nucleus. In rats, Y(216) phosphorylation was increased in degenerating cortical neurons induced by ischemia. Taken together, these results suggest that Y(216) phosphorylation of GSK3beta represents an important mechanism by which cellular insults can lead to neuronal death.
Recent Developments in Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2010)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have rapidly progressed in recent years due to their unique characteristics and potential applications in flat panel displays. Significant advancements in top-emitting OLEDs have driven the development of large-size screens and microdisplays with high resolution and large aperture ratio. After a brief introduction to the architecture and types of top-emitting OLEDs, the microcavity theory typically used in top-emitting OLEDs is described in detail here. Then, methods for producing and understanding monochromatic (red, green, and blue) and white top-emitting OLEDs are summarized and discussed. Finally, the status of display development based on top-emitting OLEDs is briefly addressed.
A camera array system based on DSLR cameras for autostereoscopic prints (2020)

In this paper, we present a multi-view camera-array system by using commercial DSLR cameras. In order to produce quality autostereoscopic prints, we initially calibrated the color based on X-Rite color-checker, then automatically adjust the alignment of all images by one black-white checker. In this system, we also utilized an external electronic trigger based on Arduino for synchronizing all cameras to generate bullet-time effect photos. Finally, we converted all photos into multiplexed images then printed them on a lenticular lens panel to be an autostereoscopic photo frame.
<i>Drosophila</i> Maternal <i>Hsp83</i> mRNA Destabilization Is Directed by Multiple SMAUG Recognition Elements in the Open Reading Frame (2008)

SMAUG (SMG) is an RNA-binding protein that functions as a key component of a transcript degradation pathway that eliminates maternal mRNAs in the bulk cytoplasm of activated Drosophila melanogaster eggs. We previously showed that SMG destabilizes maternal Hsp83 mRNA by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase to trigger decay; however, the cis-acting elements through which this was accomplished were unknown. Here we show that Hsp83 transcript degradation is regulated by a major element, the Hsp83 mRNA instability element (HIE), which maps to a 615-nucleotide region of the open reading frame (ORF). The HIE is sufficient for association of a transgenic mRNA with SMG protein as well as for SMG-dependent destabilization. Although the Hsp83 mRNA is translated in the early embryo, we show that translation of the mRNA is not necessary for destabilization; indeed, the HIE functions even when located in an mRNA's 3′ untranslated region. The Hsp83 mRNA contains eight predicted SMG recognition elements (SREs); all map to the ORF, and six reside within the HIE. Mutation of a single amino acid residue that is essential for SMG's interaction with SREs stabilizes endogenous Hsp83 transcripts. Furthermore, simultaneous mutation of all eight predicted SREs also results in transcript stabilization. A plausible model is that the multiple, widely distributed SREs in the ORF enable some SMG molecules to remain bound to the mRNA despite ribosome transit through any individual SRE. Thus, SMG can recruit the CCR4-NOT deadenylase to trigger Hsp83 mRNA degradation despite the fact that it is being translated.
Effects of filter pore size on efficacy of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration therapy for Staphylococcus aureus-induced septicemia in immature swine (1998)

CAVH significantly improved survival in swine with S. aureus-induced sepsis. The superior performance of the 100-kD filter vs. the 50-kD filter suggests that higher molecular weight mediators that are not removed efficiently by the 50-kD filter may be responsible for the morbidity and mortality seen in this model of sepsis. These mediators may be removed in greater proportion by our customized (100-kD pore size) filter.
Fibronectin-Binding Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Are Involved in Adherence to Human Airway Epithelium (2002)

This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus adherence to human airway epithelium. Using a humanized bronchial xenograft model in the nude mouse and primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC), we showed that S. aureus adhered mainly to undifferentiated HAEC whereas weak adherence (11- to 20-fold lower) to differentiated HAEC was observed (P < 0.01). A fibronectin (FN)-binding protein (FnBP)-deficient strain of S. aureus had a fivefold-lower adherence level to undifferentiated HAEC than did the parental strain (P < 0.005), suggesting that S. aureus FN-binding capacity is involved in the adherence to HAEC. We also showed that 97% of 32 S. aureus clinical strains, isolated from the airway secretions of cystic fibrosis patients (n = 18) and patients with nosocomial pneumonia (n = 14), possessed the two fnb genes. The strains from pneumonia patients had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher FN-binding capacity than did the strains from CF patients. This result was confirmed by the expression of FnBPs, investigated by Western ligand affinity blotting. Our results suggest a major role of FnBPs in the colonization of the airways by S. aureus and point to the importance of the adhesin regulatory pathways in the staphylococcal infectious process.
Le mascaret sur la Seine (1955)

Musset René. Le mascaret sur la Seine . In: Supplément aux Annales de Normandie. 5ᵉ année, n°2, 1955. L'histoire locale à l'école : Les Normands en Italie. pp. 22-25.
Chemotactic Cytokine (IL-8 and MCP-1) Gene Expression by Human Whole Blood (1991)

The salient features of systemic or local inflammation are the myriad of cellular and humoral interactions that result in elicitation of inflammatory leukocytes. In this study using specialized connective tissue, intact whole blood, we demonstrate the gene expression of two novel chemotactic factors. The buffy-coat cellular expression of neutrophil chemotactic/activating factor/interleukin 8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemotactic/activating protein (MCP-1) mRNA were time and dose-dependent in response to either lipopolysaccharide or zymosan stimulation. This system with the complexity of tissue provides a unique model for the determination of chemotactic cytokine gene expression.
Inverse radiation treatment planning using the Dynamically Penalized Likelihood method (1997)

In this paper we present a new method of solving the inverse radiation treatment planning problem. The method is based on a Maximum Likelihood Estimator with dynamically changing penalization terms. The resulting Dynamically Penalized Likelihood (DPL) algorithm achieves a dose distribution of excellent uniformity in a tumor volume and a much lower dose in regions containing sensitive volumes. A simple model of a patient and of energy deposition has been used for the initial results presented: a two-dimensional computer generated phantom and monochromatic x rays, without scattering. Three two-dimensional problems are solved with the DPL algorithm, corresponding to different size and spatial relationships between the tumor and sensitive tissue volumes. The results show that the DPL algorithm is robust and flexible; it only requires moderate computation times and leads to promising solutions, even in rather difficult problems. The results encourage the extension of the present work to more realistic therapy situations.