gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-site catalysts in the industrial production of polyethylene (2012)

This review generalizes the data on the application of single-site catalysts (SSCs) in the industrial production of polyethylene. The history of their industrial application, the basic types of SSCs, the main processes of the production of polyethylene (PE) on the mentioned systems, the largest PE production plants using SSCs, and the application fields of polymers synthesized at these plants are described. The prospects for further development in this direction are discussed.
Numerical Mode-Matching Method for Tilted-Coil Antennas in Cylindrically Layered Anisotropic Media With Multiple Horizontal Beds (2007)

Tilted-coil antennas (TCAs) have been proposed to increase the directional sensitivity and anisotropy sensitivity of well-logging tools used in oilfield exploration. In this paper, we simulate TCAs in 3-D cylindrically layered and anisotropic earth formations with multiple horizontal beds using an extended numerical mode-matching (NMM) approach. The field components are expanded in terms of longitudinal (vertical) eigenmodes to facilitate the analysis of transverse electric and transverse magnetic fields, which are coupled in this case. The perfectly matched layer is incorporated into the NMM formulation to mimic the Sommerfeld radiation condition in the longitudinal (vertical) direction. NMM results are compared with 3-D simulation results using finite-difference time-domain method and a pseudoanalytical approach based on Sommerfeld integrals (for problems where the latter is applicable), showing very good agreement.
Combining Convolution Neural Network and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit for Sentence Semantic Classification (2018)

Many keywords in a sentence that represents the semantic propensity of the sentence. These words can exist anywhere in the sentence, which poses a great challenge to sentence semantic classification. The current sentence semantic classification methods usually tackle this problem by the use of attention mechanism, and most of them utilize softmax function to calculate each word’s weight. According to the observation that a word with higher score carries more valuable information in sentence modeling, this paper presents a novel low-complexity model termed as CNN-BiGRU by integrating both convolution neural network (CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). Both the contextual representations and the semantic distribution are obtained through BiGRU, and the latter is constrained to a Gaussian distribution. In addition, the proposed model utilizes a shallow word-level CNN to obtain intermediate representations, and the score of each word is denoted as the Euclidean distance between the intermediate representations and the semantic distribution. Then, the final representations are obtained by the combination of the contextual representations and the score of each word, and thus, the model learns a compact code for sentence sentiment classification and can be trained end-to-end with limited hyper-parameters. In conclusion, the proposed model is able to focus both the keywords and the underlying semantics of the words. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on seven benchmarks. Compared with the state-of-the-art models, our model has excellent performance.
Phosphate Enrichment of Dialysate for Use in Standard and Extended Haemodialysis (2012)

The study validates a simple, reliable and cost-effective protocol for phosphate supplementation in conventional and extended HD.
An Efficient Algorithm for Streaming Time-Series Matching that Supports Normalization Transform (2006)

According to recent technical advances on sensors and mobile devices, processing of data streams generated by the devices is becoming an important research issue. The data stream of real values obtained at continuous time points is called streaming time-series. Due to the unique features of streaming time-series that are different from those of traditional time-series, similarity matching problem on the streaming time-series should be solved in a new way. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for streaming time- series matching problem that supports normalization transform. While the existing algorithms compare streaming time-series without any transform, the algorithm proposed in the paper compares them after they are normalization-transformed. The normalization transform is useful for finding time-series that have similar fluctuation trends even though they consist of distant element values. The major contributions of this paper are as follows. (1) By using a theorem presented in the context of subsequence matching that supports normalization transform[4], we propose a simple algorithm for solving the problem. (2) For improving search performance, we extend the simple algorithm to use indexes. (3) For a given k, for achieving optimal search performance of the extended algorithm, we present an approximation method for choosing k window sizes to construct k indexes. (4) Based on the notion of continuity[8] on streaming time-series, we further extend our algorithm so that it can simultaneously obtain the search results for time points from present to a time point in the near future by retrieving the index only once. (5) Through a series of experiments, we compare search performances of the algorithms proposed in this paper, and show their performance trends according to k and m values. To the best of our knowledge, since there has been no algorithm that solves the same problem presented in this paper, we compare search performances of our algorithms with the sequential scan algorithm. The experiment result showed that our algorithms outperformed the sequential scan algorithm by up to 13.2 times. The performances of our algorithms should be more improved, as k is increased.
AN ASSAY METHOD FOR PROGESTERONE BASED UPON THE DECIDUAL REACTION IN THE RAT1 (1939)

Studies on the physiology of progesterone in the rat have met with difficulties because of the lack of clear-cut anatomic end-points of progestational effects. Detailed studies have heretofore been centred on the rabbit, wherein the transformation of the endometrium and the quiescence of the uterine musculature present striking evidence of corpus luteum hormone action. In the rat, uterine changes during pseudopregnancy, lactation, and after progesterone injections are by no means as striking. The decidual reaction, on the other hand, is a definite and specific indicator of corpus luteum activity in the rat and has therefore yielded the most exact information regarding the endocrine relations of early pregnancy. Because of its high degree of specificity, this response has been adapted to the assay of progesterone. Rats are more readily available in many laboratories than rabbits, and a satisfactory assay method based upon the rat may be useful in certain instances in
An adaptive tenuring policy for generation scavengers (1992)

One of the more promising automatic storage reclamation techniques, generation scavenging, suffers poor performance if many objects live for a fairly long time and then die. We have investigated the severity of this problem by simulating a two-generation scavenger using traces taken from actual 4-h sessions. There was a wide variation in the sample runs, with garbage-collection overhead ranging from insignificant, during three of the runs, to severe, during a single run. All runs demonstrated that performance could be improved with two techniques: segregating large bitmaps and strings, and adapting the scavenger's tenuring policy according to demographic feedback. We therefore incorporated these ideas into a commercial Smalltalk implementation. These two improvements deserve consideration for any storage reclamation strategy that utilizes a generation scavenger.
Synthesis and structural properties of hierarchically structured aluminosilicates with zeolite Y (FAU) frameworks (2013)

Hierarchical zeolites have emerged as an important class of materials for applications in adsorption, separation and catalysis. Herein, hierarchical zeolite Y was hydrothermally synthesized using an organosilane surfactant, which was added into the conventional synthesis composition for crystalline microporous aluminosilicates as mesopore-generating agent. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (with KBr and pyridine), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were used to characterize structural and textural features of the hierarchical zeolite Y. In addition, the molecular properties of the organosilane surfactant were investigated by density functional theory calculation. The hierarchical zeolite Y with mesoporous characteristics and the microporous crystalline structure of zeolites exhibited high catalytic activity and resistance to deactivation in the aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with n-butyl alcohol, as compared with conventional zeolite Y. This phenomenon could be attributed to improved mass transport ability of guest species through the interconnected micropore-to-mesopore networks. Such a hierarchical zeolite Y, that combines the advantages of two different pore structures, may find potential applications as advanced materials in various fields such as adsorption, separation and catalysis.
Concept-oriented Standardization and Statistics-oriented Classification: Continuing the Classification versus Nomenclature Controversy (1998)

Nowadays, most activities on controlled medical vocabularies focus on the provision of a sufficient atomic-level granularity for representing clinical data. Amongst others, clinical vocabularies should be concept oriented, compositional and should also reject "Not Elsewhere Classified". We strongly share the opinion that there is a need to deal with serious deficits of existing manually created vocabularies and with new demands for computer-based advanced processing and exchange of medical language data. However, we do not share the opinion that methodological requirements like observational and structural comparability needed for sound statistics should not be included in desiderata of controlled medical vocabularies. Statistical-oriented classifications are not developed for representing detailed clinical data but for providing purpose-dependent classes where cases of interest are assigned uniquely. Either statistical classifications are not included into the set of controlled medical vocabularies in the sense of Cimino, or his desiderata are misleading. We argue that statistical classifications should be linked to (formal) concept systems, but again this linkage does not change their different natures. With this article we continue the "classification versus nomenclature" controversy referring to Coté.
Factors influencing third party payer costs for allogeneic BMT. (1993)

To assess how payer costs for allogeneic BMT relate to patient characteristics and clinical complications, a retrospective cohort study of 402 persons undergoing allogeneic BMT between 1980 and 1987 at a university-based BMT center was designed to determine total inpatient payer costs, including hospital and physician costs, and number of days hospitalized during the first 180 days following BMT. The average total inpatient payer cost (in 1990 dollars) during the first 180 days following BMT was $208,410. Inflation-adjusted inpatient payer costs increased from $227,806 in 1980 to $308,545 in 1983, and then decreased to $156,163 by 1987. In multivariate analysis, inpatient payer costs were strongly associated with occurrence of CMV infection (increase of $53,517; p = 0.0001) or acute GVHD (increase of $46,500; p = 0.001), and significantly associated with malignant (versus non-malignant) disease (decrease of $36,633; p = 0.05), even after adjusting for length of survival and year of BMT. Inpatient payer costs were not related to patient age, sex or race. Despite recent reductions in inpatient payer costs for BMT, CMV infection and acute GVHD continue to be associated with tremendous costs to third party payers. Further reductions in the costs of BMT may require improved prevention of CMV infection and GVHD.
The Global Responses of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> to Physiological Levels of Copper (2008)

Copper (Cu) is a required micronutrient, but it is highly toxic at high concentrations. Therefore, the levels of Cu must be tightly regulated in all living cells. The phagosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to have variable levels of Cu. Previously, we showed that M. tuberculosis contains a copper-sensitive operon, cso, that is induced during early infection in mice. In this study, we showed that ctpV, a gene in the cso operon, is a copper-responsive gene and most likely encodes an efflux pump for Cu. Furthermore, the transcription of key genes in the cso operon is induced by Cu ions and not by other ions, such as Ni and Zn ions. To elucidate copper-responsive genes other than those in the cso operon, we utilized DNA microarrays to profile mycobacterial responses to physiological levels of Cu. A transcriptome analysis identified a novel set of 30 copper-responsive genes in M. tuberculosis, one-half of which were induced only when toxic levels of Cu were added. Interestingly, several transcriptional regulators, including the furA gene, were induced during toxic Cu exposure, indicating that there was a generalized response to oxidative stressors rather than a Cu-specific response. In general, the Cu-induced transcriptome generated should help elucidate the role of the Cu response in maintaining M. tuberculosis survival during infection and could provide novel targets for controlling this virulent pathogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroboration. Part 97. Synthesis of New Exceptional Chloroborane—Lewis Base Adducts for Hydroboration. Dioxane—Monochloroborane as a Superior Reagent for the Selective Hydroboration of Terminal Alkenes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spectral Analysis Tool (SAT) for Radio-Frequency Interference Analysis and Spectrum Management (1998)

A microcomputer-based software for analyzing radio-frequency interference is presented in this article. The latest enhancement (Version 5) of the Spectral Analy-sis Tool (SAT) contains numerous features essential for efiective spectrum manage-ment. Included in the SAT windows menu are editors of signal/interference, fllters, spikes, power spectrum plots, calculators for spectral power, telecommunication-link budget tables, and interference analysis tables. The conflguration menu for the analysis table contains options on antennas, ampliflers, and receivers for ground terminal characterization. The complete software package of SAT, with a Windows installation program, flts within a single 3.5-inch diskette for easy distribution. Sig-nal and ground terminal models are described. Finally, examples of the application of SAT also are included in this article. I.
Clusterin overexpression and relapse-free survival in breast cancer. (2009)

Our results suggest that clusterin overexpression might be a predictive factor for recurrence in <T2 stage breast cancer.
Effects of sugar solutions on the activity coefficients of aromatic amino acids and their N-acetyl ethyl esters (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of sugar solutions on the activity coefficients of aromatic amino acids and their N-acetyl ethyl estersT. S. Lakshmi and P. K. NandiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 3, 249–252Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100544a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100544a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effect of Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acid Pretreatments on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover (2003)

The pretreatment of corn stover with H2SO4 and H3PO4 was investigated. Pretreatments were carried out from 30 to 120 min in a batch reactor at 121°C, with acid concentrations ranging from 0 to 2% (w/v) at a solid concentration of 5% (w/v). Pretreated corn stover was washed with distilled water until the filtrate was adjusted to pH 7.0, followed by surfactant swelling of the cellulosic fraction in a 0–10% (w/v) solution of Tween-80 at room temperature for 12h. The dilute acid treatment proved to be a very effective method in terms of hemicellulose recovery and cellulose digestibility. Hemicellulose recovery was 62–90%, and enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose that remained in the solid was >80% with 2% (w/v) acid. In all cases studied, the performance of H2SO4 pretreatment (hemicellulose recovery and cellulose digestibility) was significantly better than obtained with H3PO4. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more effective using surfactant than without it, producing 10–20% more sugar. Furthermore, digestibility was investigated as a function of hemicellulose removal. It was found that digestibility was more directly related to hemicellulose removal than to delignification.
Wide band gap ferromagnetic semiconductors and oxides (2002)

Recent advances in the theory and experimental realization of ferromagnetic semiconductors give hope that a new generation of microelectronic devices based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron can be developed. This review focuses primarily on promising candidate materials (such as GaN, GaP and ZnO) in which there is already a technology base and a fairly good understanding of the basic electrical and optical properties. The introduction of Mn into these and other materials under the right conditions is found to produce ferromagnetism near or above room temperature. There are a number of other potential dopant ions that could be employed (such as Fe, Ni, Co, Cr) as suggested by theory [see, for example, Sato and Katayama-Yoshida, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 39, L555 (2000)]. Growth of these ferromagnetic materials by thin film techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy or pulsed laser deposition, provides excellent control of the dopant concentration and the ability to grow single-phase layers. The mechanism for the observed magnetic behavior is complex and appears to depend on a number of factors, including Mn–Mn spacing, and carrier density and type. For example, in a simple Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida carrier-mediated exchange mechanism, the free-carrier/Mn ion interaction can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic depending on the separation of the Mn ions. Potential applications for ferromagnetic semiconductors and oxides include electrically controlled magnetic sensors and actuators, high-density ultralow-power memory and logic, spin-polarized light emitters for optical encoding, advanced optical switches and modulators and devices with integrated magnetic, electronic and optical functionality.
PLASTIC SPLINTS AND APPLIANCES IN ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY (1948)

The advantages of plastics are well known, but there are still some who maintain that these materials are costly and difficult to manipulate. It is not usually remembered, however, that plastics already have their place in orthopaedic splint manufacture, for example in celluloid appliances of many kinds which are in everyday use. They are much lighter than plaster of Paris; they are unaffected by water and body secretions; and some are radiolucent. With the rapid development of modern plastics now taking place there is a wide field for research into their application in orthopaedic surgery. In describing a range of plastic splints and appliances, and outlining the details of their construction, we have tried to show that such research is worth while.
Factor XIII: A Coagulation Factor With Multiple Plasmatic and Cellular Functions (2011)

Factor XIII (FXIII) is unique among clotting factors for a number of reasons: 1) it is a protransglutaminase, which becomes activated in the last stage of coagulation; 2) it works on an insoluble substrate; 3) its potentially active subunit is also present in the cytoplasm of platelets, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, dendritic cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes; and 4) in addition to its contribution to hemostasis, it has multiple extra- and intracellular functions. This review gives a general overview on the structure and activation of FXIII as well as on the biochemical function and downregulation of activated FXIII with emphasis on new developments in the last decade. New aspects of the traditional functions of FXIII, stabilization of fibrin clot, and protection of fibrin against fibrinolysis are summarized. The role of FXIII in maintaining pregnancy, its contribution to the wound healing process, and its proangiogenic function are reviewed in details. Special attention is given to new, less explored, but promising fields of FXIII research that include inhibition of vascular permeability, cardioprotection, and its role in cartilage and bone development. FXIII is also considered as an intracellular enzyme; a separate section is devoted to its intracellular activation, intracellular action, and involvement in platelet, monocyte/macrophage, and dendritic cell functions.