gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Riser Foundation Design And Optimisation (2005)

Abstract Hybrid risers rely on axial tension, generated by a combination of aircan and distributed buoyancy, to control their static deflection and dynamic response. In deep water, the base tension required to achieve an acceptable response can be significant (70–1000Te). This tension must be reliably reacted into the seabed over the life of the development. Depending on the configuration of the selected foundation there may be, in addition to axial tension, bending moments, shear loads and loads arising from flexure of rigid base jumper spools. The result is a complex set of load conditions, which, when combined with installation issues, can lead to a foundation system that is a significant cost element in the overall riser system. A number of foundation designs have been proposed and used for free standing risers however, the selection and design process is often not clear. This paper presents a review of the potential design solutions depending on water depth and design loads and outlines approaches adopted on existing projects. The key design and installation drivers are discussed, allowing improved understanding of the issues and the impact on the global riser design and installation strategy. The paper also discusses issues and implications of extending free standing risers to ultra deep water, which often have soft seabed conditions, further compounding the foundation design process. Introduction Free standing hybrid risers are a proven solution for deepwater floating production systems and have been utilized in West Africa and Gulf of Mexico with numerous current proposals and studies for their use in other parts of the world. The free standing riser uses distributed and local buoyancy to support and tension a vertical riser, extending from the seabed and terminating near the water surface but typically below the influence of high currents and wave action. Aircan buoyancy has been used at or near the top of the riser to cost effectively generates the majority of the tension required to support and control the deflection of the riser under service conditions. The riser is connected to the floating production system via a flexible jumper(s) configured in a catenary configuration. This arrangement is highly compliant and allows the riser to accommodate large vessel motions and excursions whilst maintaining acceptable storm and fatigue performance. The ability to free stand without tension applied by a surface vessel offers free standing risers a strong benefit over other riser types in that it allows pre-installation to be considered. This can be an important selection factor for this riser type over catenary systems in that this ability can greatly reduce the risk and cost of the installation phase. This is particularly important in deep and ultra deep locations and also remote locations where the cost of mobilising installation vessels is high. Freestanding hybrid risers can be either single pipe SLOR (Single Line Offset Riser), pipe in pipe COR (Concentric Offset Riser) or a number of pipes configured in an internal or external bundle, Figure 1.
Unidirectional Freezing of Ceramic Suspensions: In Situ X-ray Investigation of the Effects of Additives (2013)

Using in situ X-ray radiography, we investigated unidirectional freezing of titanium dioxide suspensions. We showed how processing additives, which are generally used for ice-templating, strongly modified freezing dynamics during the solidification process. We observed and identified different freezing regimes by varying the amount of dispersant, binder, or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). We demonstrated that because each regime corresponds to a given final structure understanding the particle motion and redistribution at the ice-front level was essential. We also examined the transition from a random particles-entrapment regime to a well-defined lamellar regime and proposed and discussed two mechanisms by which additives might affect the solidification process.
The Development of High Performance Leaf Seals (2002)

Recently, from the environmental point of view, demand for combined cycle plant is increasing, and superior gas turbine performance is being rapidly promoted at the same time. As one of the key technologies for superior performance, reduction of secondary air leakage which is necessary for blade cooling and bearing sealing is required. Especially, reduction of air leakage through rotating parts and stationary parts clearance is critical problem. Hitherto, a non-contact type labyrinth seal has been widely used as a seal between rotating parts and stationary parts. However, this seal requires a large clearance to avoid contact, and this causes reduction of performance due to large amount of air leakage. Currently, application of brush seal is rapidly increasing as an improvement, however, a brush seal maintains contact not only at shut down, but also during operation, thereby wear of wire is accelerated during prolong operation, and reducing the sealing performance. In addition, since stiffness of the wire itself is low, differential sealing pressure is also low. In order to overcome these short comings, so-called “Leaf seal” which is MHI’s patent has been developed over the years. Leaf seal has a structure in which multi layered flexible leaves are arranged in the circumferential direction. In this seal, tip of the leaf is lifted up from the rotor surface by the hydrodynamic effect as the rotating speed is accelerated. As a result of this mechanism, wear of the seal is reduced during operation. The clearance generated by the leaf tip lifting up is negligibly small and, therefore, sealing performance is better. Moreover, because the leaf has an axial width, it can endure seal differential pressure several times that of the brush seal. The effect of the leaf lifting up and the leakage air amount were verified by rig tests. After these verification tests, this leaf seal is now being used for M501G gas turbine, installed at *T-point, in order to confirm sealing performance and durability. The leaf seal can sustain high differential pressure even if it is used in single stage, and has very good durability. To conclude it can be said that the leaf seal is the next generation seal replacing the brush seal. * MHI constructed the long-term in-house verification plant known as T-point for verifying new gas turbine technology prior to commercialization. The facility at T-Point consists of a M501G gas turbine, steam turbine, HRSG and associated controls. The output of the M501G gas turbine at T-Point is 225MW.
Changes in the Microstructure and Components of Eulaliopsis binata Treated by Continuous Screw Extrusion Steam Explosion (2016)

Eulaliopsis binata (EB) was pretreated by continuous screw extrusion steam explosion (SESE), with the aim of converting EB into useful materials on an industrial scale. The three main chemical components were characterized by component analysis using the Van Soest fiber detergent system, ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrophotometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy. Changes in the contents of detergent soluble species in the Van Soest process revealed the partial degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose, and the partial removal of lignin. GPC indicated that the molecular weight of lignin decreased from 4194 to 3710 g/mol over the first three SESE pretreatment cycles, but then increased to 4592 g/mol following the fourth SESE pretreatment cycle. UV absorption and 13C-NMR results indicated the partial removal of lignin and the depolymerization and repolymerization of lignin during SESE pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the epidermis and parenchyma of EB were almost completely desquamated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the crystallinity of EB initially increased and then subsequently decreased slightly, with increasing number of SESE pretreatment cycles. The varying physicochemical properties of EB resulting from different numbers of pretreatment cycles may find use in more diverse applications.
Identification of a Novel Arabinofuranosyltransferase AftB Involved in a Terminal Step of Cell Wall Arabinan Biosynthesis in Corynebacterianeae, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2007)

Arabinofuranosyltransferase enzymes, such as EmbA, EmbB, and AftA, play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan, and the anti-tuberculosis agent ethambutol (EMB) targets arabinogalactan biosynthesis through inhibition of Mt-EmbA and Mt-EmbB. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel arabinofuranosyltransferase, now termed AftB (Rv3805c), which is essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Deletion of its orthologue NCgl2780 in the closely related species Corynebacterium glutamicum resulted in a viable mutant. Analysis of the cell wall-associated lipids from the deletion mutant revealed a decreased abundance of cell wall-bound mycolic acids, consistent with a partial loss of mycolylation sites. Subsequent glycosyl linkage analysis of arabinogalactan also revealed the complete absence of terminal beta(1 --> 2)-linked arabinofuranosyl residues. The deletion mutant biochemical phenotype was fully complemented by either Mt-AftB or Cg-AftB, but not with muteins of Mt-AftB, where the two adjacent aspartic acid residues, which have been suggested to be involved in glycosyltransferase activity, were replaced by alanine. In addition, the use of C. glutamicum and C. glutamicumDeltaaftB in an in vitro assay utilizing the sugar donor beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1-monophosphoryl-decaprenol together with the neoglycolipid acceptor alpha-D-Araf-(1 --> 5)-alpha-D-Araf-O-C(8) as a substrate confirmed AftB as a terminal beta(1 --> 2) arabinofuranosyltransferase, which was also insensitive to EMB. Altogether, these studies have shed further light on the complexities of Corynebacterianeae cell wall biosynthesis, and Mt-AftB represents a potential new drug target.
A comparative study of EMD, EWT and VMD for detecting the oscillation in control loop (2016)

Adaptive time series decompositions can be used as a basis for oscillation detection in control loops at chemical plant. In general, the decomposition extracts a process time series into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Later, IMFs are characterized to detect the oscillation. This paper presents a comparative study of three well-known adaptive time series decomposition, i.e. empirical mode decomposition (EMD), empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). The study compares significancy, regularity and sparseness of each method with different process time series from chemical plant. The time series represents oscillation due to process disturbance, mistuned controller, sticking valve and faulty sensor. The comparison shows that EWT outperforms in consistent detection results over EMD and VMD.
Case Management in Contemporary Human Services (2000)

Case management has become a very important part in the delivery of human services, and though it has had its critics, it is widely accepted by public policy makers, administrators and front line practitioners. The political and organisational contexts in which case management thrives are examined by briefly reviewing the case management industry, case managers on the front line, system change and managed care.
Spectral Imaging and Electrochemical Study on the Response Mechanism of Ionophore‐Based Polymeric Membrane Amperometric pH Sensors (2003)

Abstract The response features of amperometric ionophore‐based chemical sensors were evaluated in regular ion‐selective membranes, poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with o‐nitrophenyl octyl ether, with a H + ‐selective chromoionophore as model ionophore. Direct imaging experiments upon discrete applied voltage pulses revealed that the diffusion coefficients in such membranes are very similar to that found in membranes under zero current conditions, at about 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 . In the potential range that defines the limiting current, it was found by these imaging experiments that the ionophore is saturated at the membrane surface, as expected. The observed concentration profiles could be well described with established diffusion theory. At more extreme potentials, the observed diffusion profiles were different, and could be explained by the extraction of additional, uncomplexed hydrogen ions into the membrane phase. The results were correlated to the amperometric response behavior of the same electrodes. At the limiting current, Cottrell fits were performed, and similar diffusion coefficients were found as in the imaging experiments. The pH‐dependent normal pulse voltammetric responses were analyzed in terms of their half wave potential, and found to show a Nernstian pH response, suggesting that they function in close analogy to their potentiometric counterparts. The breakdown of Nernstian pH response at low pH is explained by extraction of electrolyte into the membrane under these conditions, which renders the interface non‐polarizable and leads to loss of voltammetric features. The results adequately support the previously published response mechanism of such ionophore‐based amperometric sensors, including the origin of the limiting current, the capability of such membranes to be responsive to ion activities, the requirement of applying baseline potentials between pulses, and the reason for the altered selectivity at extreme potentials.
Reconstruction of the optical system of the human eye with reverse ray-tracing (2008)

We present a practical method for reconstructing the optical system of the human eye from off-axis wavefront measurements. A retinal beacon formed at different locations on the retina allows probing the optical structure of the eye by the outgoing beams that exit the eye through the dilated pupil. A Shack-Hartmann aberrometer measures the amount of wave aberrations in each beam at the exit pupil plane. Wavefront data obtained at different oblique directions is used for tomographic reconstruction by optimizing a generic eye model with reverse ray-tracing. The multi-configuration system is constructed by tracing pre-aberrated beams backwards from each direction through the exit pupil into the optical system of the aberrometer followed by the generic eye model. Matching all wave aberrations measured at each field point is equivalent to minimizing the size of the beacon spots on the retina. The main benefit of having a personalized eye model is the ability to identify the origin of the ocular aberrations and to find the optimal way for their correction.
Conductive artificial biofilm dramatically enhances bioelectricity production in Shewanella-inoculated microbial fuel cells (2011)

A new strategy of electrogen immobilization was developed to construct a conductive artificial biofilm (CAB) on an anode of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The MFCs equipped with an optimized CAB exhibited an eleven fold increase in power output compared with natural biofilms.
Massive MIMO From a Terminal Perspective (2019)

This thesis focuses on the terminal aspects of massive MIMO systems. Based on the degree of freedom a terminal have in a MaMi, different antenna configurations, transceiver topologies with associated transmission schemes, and the underlying algorithms are researched.The first studied topic concerns multiple-antenna terminals in a massive MIMO system for sub-6 GHz, operated at the center frequency of 3.7 GHz. Simulation environments based on fully-stochastic as well as geometric-stochastic approaches are developed and the results are compared to measured. For the measurements the Lund University Massive MIMO (LuMaMi) testbed has been used. To enable evaluation of multi-antenna terminals, modifications to the LuMaMi framework have been necessary. Real-time diversity schemes for dual antenna terminals as well as a channel capturing feature have been implemented. The latter, to enable analysis and post processing of measured channels from the multi-antenna terminals. Multi-antenna terminal prototypes with integrated antennas, based on real Sony Xperia smartphone chassis where designed for the evaluation. The three-dimensional antenna gain-patterns have been characterized in an anechoic chamber to ensure that simulations and measurements have a common ground. The second topic in this thesis relates to mm-wave massive MIMO systems. As a first step toward evaluation of handsets, a 28 GHz channel sounder has been developed for the measurement of dynamic, highly resolved, in both temporal and spatial domains, propagation channels. To enable measurements, a 256$\times$128 antenna-element system was designed together with a control program to handle the switching and the enormous amount of data.
Patterning Periodical Motif on Substrates Using Monolayer of Microspheres: Application in GaN Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

In this article, we present a method of patterning a GaN substrate using polystyrene spheres and its inversed structure as the mask. By dry etching, different surface morphologies and depths of the GaN substrate can be obtained by changing the etching time. We used such a sphere-patterned GaN substrate to fabricate GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LED). It was found that the total lighting output of the sphere-patterned GaN LED was increased by 37%.
ASCL1 phosphorylation and ID2 upregulation are roadblocks to glioblastoma stem cell differentiation (2022)

The growth of glioblastoma (GBM), one of the deadliest adult cancers, is fuelled by a subpopulation of stem/progenitor cells, which are thought to be the source of resistance and relapse after treatment. Re-engagement of a latent capacity of these cells to re-enter a trajectory resulting in cell differentiation is a potential new therapeutic approach for this devastating disease. ASCL1, a proneural transcription factor, plays a key role in normal brain development and is also expressed in a subset of GBM cells, but fails to engage a full differentiation programme in this context. Here, we investigated the barriers to ASCL1-driven differentiation in GBM stem cells. We see that ASCL1 is highly phosphorylated in GBM stem cells where its expression is compatible with cell proliferation. However, overexpression of a form of ASCL1 that cannot be phosphorylated on Serine-Proline sites drives GBM cells down a neuronal lineage and out of cell cycle more efficiently than its wild-type counterpart, an effect further enhanced by deletion of the inhibitor of differentiation ID2, indicating mechanisms to reverse the block to GBM cell differentiation.
ClipCrop: a tool for detecting structural variations with single-base resolution using soft-clipping information (2011)

ClipCrop can detect SVs with higher discovering rate and call accuracy than any other tool in our simulation data set.
Non-uniform current flow through thin oxide after Fowler-Nordheim current stress (1996)

Non-uniform current flow after Fowler-Nordheim current stress has been discussed. In a large thin oxide area, there are certain fixed spot areas which can trap electrons easily, and Fowler-Nordheim tunnel current is reduced at the spot areas. Enlargement of the stress induced leakage current due to trapped holes could happen at all spot areas with the same probability, but the spot areas are replaced easily by additional Fowler-Nordheim current stress. Each phenomenon occurs with very low probability. Using a 2M bit NOR flash EEPROM test array, non-uniform current flow occurring in a large area has been clarified by tracking all cell behavior individually.
Syntheses of Novel Carbazolylacetylene-Derived Macrocycles (2001)

The syntheses of novel cyclic oligomers based on the carbazolylacetylene unit are described. The desired cyclic tetramer could be synthesized in 14.3% yield by the reaction of 3,6-diethynyl-9-tetradecylcarbazole and 3,6-bis(3’-iodo-9’-tetradecylcarbazolyl)-9-tetradecylcarbazole in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4/CuI as catalysts under high dilution conditions and purified by column chromatography and isolated by preparative gel permeation chromatography. Besides the tetramer, a cyclic octamer was also isolated in 5.4% yield.
Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the human motor cortex (2011)

The aim of the present study was to investigate in healthy humans the possibility of a non-invasive modulation of motor cortex excitability by the application of static magnetic fields through the scalp. Static magnetic fields were obtained by using cylindrical NdFeB magnets. We performed four sets of experiments. In Experiment 1, we recorded motor potentials evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex before and after 10 min of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) in conscious subjects. We observed an average reduction of motor cortex excitability of up to 25%, as revealed by TMS, which lasted for several minutes after the end of tSMS, and was dose dependent (intensity of the magnetic field) but not polarity dependent. In Experiment 2, we confirmed the reduction of motor cortex excitability induced by tSMS using a double-blind sham-controlled design. In Experiment 3, we investigated the duration of tSMS that was necessary to modulate motor cortex excitability. We found that 10 min of tSMS (compared to 1 min and 5 min) were necessary to induce significant effects. In Experiment 4, we used transcranial electric stimulation (TES) to establish that the tSMS-induced reduction of motor cortex excitability was not due to corticospinal axon and/or spinal excitability, but specifically involved intracortical networks. These results suggest that tSMS using small static magnets may be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non-invasive, painless, and reversible way.
Signing the documents using National Telepresence Infrastructure (2019)

This paper focuses on the research of signing the documents in the collaborative environment of National Telepresence Infrastructure. The principal goal of this paper is to propose the experimental system where the electronic document with a reference for videoconference can be signed. Analysis of the existing systems used for videoconferencing is carried out. Technologies for processing and signing the electronic documents are analyzed as well. Based on analysis the system design is proposed, following the implementation of the final system. The experimental solution was tested on videoconference devices from National Telepresence Infrastructure (NTI), and its functionality was verified.
Dynamics of swelling and drying in a spherical gel (2016)

Swelling is a volumetric-growth process in which a porous material expands by spontaneous imbibition of additional pore fluid. Swelling is distinct from other growth processes in that it is inherently poromechanical: Local expansion of the pore structure requires that additional fluid be drawn from elsewhere in the material, or into the material from across the boundaries. Here, we study the swelling and subsequent drying of a sphere of hydrogel. We develop a dynamic model based on large-deformation poromechanics and the theory of ideal elastomeric gels, and we compare the predictions of this model with a series of experiments performed with polyacrylamide spheres. We use the model and the experiments to study the complex internal dynamics of swelling and drying, and to highlight the fundamentally transient nature of these strikingly different processes. Although we assume spherical symmetry, the model also provides insight into the transient patterns that form and then vanish during swelling as well as the risk of fracture during drying.