gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 5/2008 (2008)

Cover: The cover picture shows how cross‐linked polymers containing uniform, aqueous pores with diameters of ≤1.2 nm can be made by the radical photopolymerization of self‐organized lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) (i.e., surfactant) monomer assemblies. Depending on the shape of the LLC monomers and their packing preferences, cross‐linked networks with ordered 1‐D cylindrical or 3‐D interconnected pore systems can be generated. The resulting nanostructured polymer films are able to perform enhanced gas and liquid separations via control of the solubility‐diffusivity characteristics of the substrate molecules passing through them, or via molecular size‐exclusion through the nanopores. Further details can be found in the article by D. L. Gin, * J. E. Bara, R. D. Noble, and B. J. Elliott on page 367.
Trifluoromethanesulfanylamides as Easy‐to‐Handle Equivalents of the Trifluoromethanesulfanyl Cation (CF<sub>3</sub>S<sup>+</sup>): Reaction with Alkenes and Alkynes (2009)

Elegant eingeführt: Die CF3S-Einheit lässt sich mithilfe des Trifluormethansulfanylamid-Reagens elektrophil an Alkene und Alkine addieren (siehe Schema; Ts=Toluol-4-sulfonyl). Die erhaltenen Produkte könnten beispielsweise in der pharmazeutischen Chemie und den Materialwissenschaften von Interesse sein.
Clinical study for classification of benign, dysplastic, and malignant oral lesions using autofluorescence spectroscopy (2004)

Autofluorescence spectroscopy shows promising results for detection and staging of oral (pre-)malignancies. To improve staging reliability, we develop and compare algorithms for lesion classification. Furthermore, we examine the potential for detecting invisible tissue alterations. Autofluorescence spectra are recorded at six excitation wavelengths from 172 benign, dysplastic, and cancerous lesions and from 97 healthy volunteers. We apply principal components analysis (PCA), artificial neural networks, and red/green intensity ratio's to separate benign from (pre-)malignant lesions, using four normalization techniques. To assess the potential for detecting invisible tissue alterations, we compare PC scores of healthy mucosa and surroundings/contralateral positions of lesions. The spectra show large variations in shape and intensity within each lesion group. Intensities and PC score distributions demonstrate large overlap between benign and (pre-)malignant lesions. The receiver-operator characteristic areas under the curve (ROC-AUCs) for distinguishing cancerous from healthy tissue are excellent (0.90 to 0.97). However, the ROC-AUCs are too low for classification of benign versus (pre-)malignant mucosa for all methods (0.50 to 0.70). Some statistically significant differences between surrounding/contralateral tissues of benign and healthy tissue and of (pre-)malignant lesions are observed. We can successfully separate healthy mucosa from cancers (ROC-AUC>0.9). However, autofluorescence spectroscopy is not able to distinguish benign from visible (pre-)malignant lesions using our methods (ROC-AUC<0.65). The observed significant differences between healthy tissue and surroundings/contralateral positions of lesions might be useful for invisible tissue alteration detection.
Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Reduces Scar Formation after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery (2009)

VEGF was upregulated in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients and in the rabbit model, and it stimulated fibroblast proliferation in vitro. This suggests that it is involved in the scarring process after filtration surgery. Bevacizumab reduced the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro and improved surgical outcome.
Interactive 3D facial expression posing through 2D portrait manipulation (2008)

Sculpting various 3D facial expressions from a static 3D face model is a process with intensive manual tuning efforts. In this paper, we present an interactive 3D facial expression posing system through 2D portrait manipulation, where a manipulated 2D portrait serves a metaphor for automatically inferring its corresponding 3D facial expression with fine details. Users either rapidly assemble a face portrait through a pre-designed portrait component library or intuitively modify an initial portrait. During the editing procedure, when the users move one or a group of 2D control points on the portrait, other portrait control points are adjusted in order to automatically maintain the faceness of the edited portrait if the automated propagation function (switch) is optionally turned on. Finally, the 2D portrait is used as a query input to search for and reconstruct its corresponding 3D facial expression from a pre-recorded facial motion capture database. We showed that this system is effective for rapid 3D facial expression sculpting through a comparative user study.
Analysis of anaesthetics and analgesics in human urine by headspace SPME and GC (2009)

The determination of widely used anaesthetic and analgesic drugs in biological fluids is of major clinical importance. Typical methods used for sample preparation employ liquid-liquid extraction protocols which are complex, costly, not handy and not amenable to automation. In the present communication, we report the development of a methodology that employs headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for the determination of four anaesthetic (lidocaine, midazolam, diazepam and ketamine) and three analgesic drugs (fentanyl, remifentanyl and codeine) in human urine. Important parameters controlling SPME were studied: selection of SPME fibre, type and amount of salt added, preheating and extraction time, extraction temperature, sample volume and desorption time. GC with nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-NPD) facilitates sensitive and selective detection of the anaesthetics. The developed method renders an efficient tool for the precise and sensitive determination of the anaesthetics and analgesics in human urine (RSDs ranged from 7.7 to 12.6%, whereas LODs ranged from 0.01 to 1.5 ng/mL). The method was applied to the determination of the anaesthetics and analgesics in human urine from patients that had undergone coronary by-pass surgery operations. The proposed protocol can function as an attractive alternative for clinical acute intoxications and medico-legal cases.
The Design of a Stratosphere Rocket (1936)

A F T E R making several attempts during the years 1932, 1933, and 1934, to launch liquid-fuel rockets with only two partially successful flights, the Ex perimental Committee • of the American Rocket Society decided that proving stand development of the rocket reaction motor was urgently needed and had to be undertaken before further progress could be made. Consequently, in the following year, 1935, four series of ground tests were conducted on a proving field provided by G. E . Pendray, president of the Society, at Crestwood, N. Y. The data obtained from the careful records made of the reaction, the fuel and liquidoxygen feed pressures, the combustion chamber pressure, and the duration of the reaction for over 25 rocket motors was used in deriving three empirical rocket design formulas, which are presented in this paper. With these formulas as the basis for the rational design of a liquid fuel rocket, it is shown that the present development of the rocket motor is already sufficient to propel a meteorological rocket to an altitude of 7y2 miles.
Bioinspired Iron‐Based Catalyst for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2013)

Naturally occurring hemin, an iron-containing porphyrin, and its synthetic derivatives were used as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP; see picture) catalysts. The effects of the halide salt concentration, attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) moieties, and hydrogenation of the hemin vinyl groups on the catalyst performance were studied. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dual topoisomerase I/II poisons as anticancer drugs (1997)

Topoisomerases I and II, intranuclear enzymes that play vital roles in DNA replication and transcription, are attractive targets for cancer chemotherapy. Topoisomerase-active drugs either inhibit the ability of the enzymes to initially cleave DNA (catalytic inhibitors) or stabilise the fragile and normally transient 'cleavable complexes' they form by preventing strand religation (poisons). Many clinically useful drugs exert their cytotoxic effects through poisoning of either topo I or topo II. Because the level and time-course of expression of these enzymes vary in different cell types, and the development of resistance to one type of inhibitor is often accompanied by a concomitant rise in the level of the other enzyme, there is an increasing interest in drugs that can act as dual topo I/II poisons. The major classes of such dual poisons are benzophenanthridine alkaloids, indolocarbazoles and lipophilic bis(naphthalimides), but include anthraquinones, pyridoindoles, indenoquinolones and acridines. No overall structure-activity relationships are discernible for this property, but small structural changes within a particular series appear to markedly alter the relative activities of analogues towards the two enzymes. This observation supports the 'drug stacking' model of interaction, where inhibitors with a 'deep intercalation mode' are responsible for topo I-mediated cleavage and those with an 'outside binding mode' are responsible for topo II-mediated cleavage.
Toward Accurate and Fast Iris Segmentation for Iris Biometrics (2008)

Iris segmentation is an essential module in iris recognition because it defines the effective image region used for subsequent processing such as feature extraction. Traditional iris segmentation methods often involve an exhaustive search of a large parameter space, which is time consuming and sensitive to noise. To address these problems, this paper presents a novel algorithm for accurate and fast iris segmentation. After efficient reflection removal, an Adaboost-cascade iris detector is first built to extract a rough position of the iris center. Edge points of iris boundaries are then detected, and an elastic model named pulling and pushing is established. Under this model, the center and radius of the circular iris boundaries are iteratively refined in a way driven by the restoring forces of Hooke's law. Furthermore, a smoothing spline-based edge fitting scheme is presented to deal with noncircular iris boundaries. After that, eyelids are localized via edge detection followed by curve fitting. The novelty here is the adoption of a rank filter for noise elimination and a histogram filter for tackling the shape irregularity of eyelids. Finally, eyelashes and shadows are detected via a learned prediction model. This model provides an adaptive threshold for eyelash and shadow detection by analyzing the intensity distributions of different iris regions. Experimental results on three challenging iris image databases demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both accuracy and speed.
Phylogenetic Classification of <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i> Complex Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions (1998)

Using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences from 37 stock strains and clinical isolates provisionally termed Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in Japan, we demonstrated the mutual phylogenetic relationships of these strains. Members of this complex were classified into 3 ITS1-homologous groups and 13 ITS1-identical groups by their sequences. ITS1-homologous group I consists of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, T. mentagrophytes human isolates, and several strains of T. mentagrophytes animal isolates. Five strains of Arthroderma simii form a cluster comprising ITS1-homologous group II. The Americano-European and African races of Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and one strain of a T. mentagrophytes animal isolate constitute ITS1-homologous group III. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed with Trichophyton rubrum as an outgroup, ITS1-homologous groups I and II comprised a monophyletic cluster and ITS1-homologous group III constituted another cluster which was rather distant from the others in the complex. This system was applicable to the phylogenetic analysis of closely related strains. Using this technique, human and animal isolates of T. mentagrophytes were also clearly distinguishable from each other.
Compact low cost antenna for passive RFID transponder (2006)

This work discloses a new compact planar antenna for low cost RFID passive transponders. The proposed antenna takes advantage of its unique topology in order to assure conjugate matching with essentially complex impedance of the electronic chip directly embedded into radiator. Good performance is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally over an operating bandwidth of actual RFID system.
Antitumor Agents. 266. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-(Furan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol Derivatives as Potent and Selective Antibreast Cancer Agents (2009)

In a continuing study, we explored how the individual rings in neo-tanshinlactone (1) influence its potent and selective in vitro antibreast cancer activity. Accordingly, we discovered a novel class of antibreast cancer agents, 2-(furan-2-yl)naphthalen-1-ol derivatives, based on an active C-ring opened model compound 5. Further optimization led to 18 and 21, which showed decreased cytotoxic potency but better selectivity than neo-tanshinlactone analogue 2. Interestingly, 20 showed broad cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines.
Fingerprint classification based on fractal analysis (2002)

A new algorithm using the discrete fractal Brownian motion to classify fingerprint images is presented. It computes certain fractal parameters in a sub-fingerprint image and performs a mask-based classification. Experimental results demonstrate that this method provides a classification scheme that performs well and is more noise resistant than the traditional schemes.
Analysis on impact property of welded joint HAZ of 980 MPa high strength steel (2010)

Single and multiple thermal cycles of welded joint heat-affected zone (HAZ) for NiCrMoV 980 MPa low carbon bainite high strength steel are simulated by welding thermal simulation technique. The impact properties of HAZ are studied at room temperature and -50 ℃. Based on observations of microstructures and fracture surfaces for various HAZ, the experimental results indicate that the impact property of coarse grain zone is the best, and the impact property of fine grain zone is the worst. So the fine grain zone is the weakest part of the welded joint HAZ. The second heat cycle of coarse grain zone makes Charpy properties increase, and the second heat cycle of fine grain zone makes Charpy properties decrease. The coarse lath bainite dominates the microstructure of coarse grain zone, and large and deep dimples are integrated and connected more closely in the fracture surface of coarse grain zone. Twin martensite dominates the microstructure of fine grain zone. Small and shallow dimples are connected, and a small number of larger dimples are existed in the fracture surface of fine grain zone.
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene are common in patients with Parkinson's disease from Eastern Canada (2015)

GBA mutations were found to be a common genetic risk factor for PD in Eastern Canadian patients.
Of Attraction and Rejection — Asthma and the Microbial World (2007)

In the first half of the past century, it was thought that asthma was precipitated or prolonged by infection and that infection with several bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, had a role in asthma.1 Some investigators had suggested that bacterial allergy or chronic focal infection could be a cause of asthma.2 More recently, population-based studies relating infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae to asthma severity encouraged a resurgent debate, but clinical trials involving various antibiotics failed to demonstrate sustained clinical benefit.1 To understand this debate we need to consider asthma and wheeze in children. The greatest incidence . . .
1.4 W saturated output power from a fibre Raman amplifier (2003)

Fiber Raman amplifiers with high output power and a 50% net pump to signal conversion efficiency are reported. A 100-nm supercontinuum based upon a 10-GHz, 8-ps pulse source was generated strong nonlinear interaction in the amplifier.
Horseradish Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Generation of Acetophenone and Benzophenone in the Triplet State* (1996)

ABSTRACT Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of 2‐phenylpropanal and diphenylacetaldehyde at physiological pH to yield acetophenone and benzophenone partly in the triplet state, respectively. These excited products plus formic acid are expected from the thermolysis of dioxetane intermediates. The presence of acetophenone was demonstrated spectrophotometr‐ically and the chemiluminescence spectrum (δ max ‐ 430 nm) was consistent with its triplet state. Energy transfer to 9,10‐dibromoanthracene‐2‐sulfonate ion, a triplet carbonyl counter, but not to anthracene‐2‐sulfonate ion, a singlet carbonyl acceptor, occurred, confirming the triplet nature of the main emitter. In the case of the diphenylacetaldehydelperoxidase system, benzophenone could also be detected spectrophotometrically but the corresponding chemiluminescence spectrum showed only red emission (δ max ‐ 630 nm), which was tentatively attributed to singlet oxygen formed by triplet‐triplet energy transfer to ground state oxygen. Horseradish peroxidase can be replaced by other he‐meproteins such as myoglobin, hemoglobin and micro‐peroxidase as catalyst of the chemiluminescent reaction. The distinct emission spectra achieved with different hemeproteins suggest a role of the microenvi‐ronment in totally or partly protecting the excited species from oxygen collisions, resulting in emission maxima around 430 nm, 630 nm or both.
The fermentative production of acetone-butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum. (1976)

Fourteen different media were used in the fermentative production of acetone-butanol. The highest total yields were achieved in medium I. Potato starch and soluble starch were suitable as carbon sources. The best concentrations of potato starch and soluble starch were 500.0 and 10.0 g/l, respectively. Peptone was the most favourable nitrogen source. The best concentration of peptone was 4.0 g/l. Calcium carbonate in 3.6 g/l acted as buffering agent in the fermentation process. The best initial pH value of the fermentation medium was 6.0. The optimum temperature was 32--33degreesC. The fermentation process required 120 h to obtain maximum yields of acetone-butanol.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Channel IDs (2013)

This document describes a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension for
identifying client machines at the TLS layer without using bearer
tokens.
Tumor biology and cancer therapy – an evolving relationship (2009)

The aim of palliative chemotherapy is to increase survival whilst maintaining maximum quality of life for the individual concerned. Although we are still continuing to explore the optimum use of traditional chemotherapy agents, the introduction of targeted therapies has significantly broadened the therapeutic options. Interestingly, the results from current trials put the underlying biological concept often into a new, less favorable perspective. Recent data suggested that altered pathways underlie cancer, and not just altered genes. Thus, an effective therapeutic agent will sometimes have to target downstream parts of a signaling pathway or physiological effects rather than individual genes. In addition, over the past few years increasing evidence has suggested that solid tumors represent a very heterogeneous group of cells with different susceptibility to cancer therapy. Thus, since therapeutic concepts and pathophysiological understanding are continuously evolving a combination of current concepts in tumor therapy and tumor biology is needed. This review aims to present current problems of cancer therapy by highlighting exemplary results from recent clinical trials with colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients and to discuss the current understanding of the underlying reasons.
A Differential Molecular Biology Search for Genes Preferentially Expressed in Functional T Lymphocytes: The CTLA Genes (1988)

One approach to the isolation of molecules involved in T cell-mediated cytolysis stems from the postulate of a possible correlation between molecular phenotype and molecular functional involvement. Accordingly, CTL-specific molecules have been looked for, using a strategy based on the differential screening of a subtracted cDNA library. This led to the isolation and characterization of the following structures, expressed mostly (but no exclusively) in CTLs and inducible upon lymphocyte activation: CTLA-1 and CTLA-3 (serine-proteases), CTLA-4 (a member of the Ig superfamily) and CTLA-2 alpha and beta (homologues to the proregion of cysteine-proteases). The theoretical and practical limitations and the prospects of this type of approach are discussed.
More Than 1000-nm-wide Mid-IR Frequency Comb Based on Divide-by-2 Optical Parametric Oscillator (2010)

We implement a new approach for creating broadband mid-infrared frequency combs via degenerate divide-by-2 optical parametric oscillator. It was pumped by a 1560-nm femtosecond Er-fiber laser and produced > 1000-nm-wide frequency comb centered at 3.1μm.
Applications of acoustics to streamer/source positioning (1989)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1989Applications of acoustics to streamer/source positioningAuthors: Ian N. CourtIan N. CourtHorizon Exploration Ltd., Englandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889633 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889633FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1989ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1989 Pages: 1375 publication data© 1989 Copyright © 1989 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Ian N. Court, (1989), "Applications of acoustics to streamer/source positioning," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 610-612. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1889633 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...