gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> FLP/ <i>FRT</i> Recombination System in Filamentous Fungi for Marker Recycling and Construction of Knockout Strains Devoid of Heterologous Genes (2010)

To overcome the limited availability of antibiotic resistance markers in filamentous fungi, we adapted the FLP/FRT recombination system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for marker recycling. We tested this system in the penicillin producer Penicillium chrysogenum using different experimental approaches. In a two-step application, we first integrated ectopically a nourseothricin resistance cassette flanked by the FRT sequences in direct repeat orientation (FRT-nat1 cassette) into a P. chrysogenum recipient. In the second step, the gene for the native yeast FLP recombinase, and in parallel, a codon-optimized P. chrysogenum flp (Pcflp) recombinase gene, were transferred into the P. chrysogenum strain carrying the FRT-nat1 cassette. The corresponding transformants were analyzed by PCR, growth tests, and sequencing to verify successful recombination events. Our analysis of several single- and multicopy transformants showed that only when the codon-optimized recombinase was present could a fully functional recombination system be generated in P. chrysogenum. As a proof of application of this system, we constructed a DeltaPcku70 knockout strain devoid of any heterologous genes. To further improve the FLP/FRT system, we produced a flipper cassette carrying the FRT sites as well as the Pcflp gene together with a resistance marker. This cassette allows the controlled expression of the recombinase gene for one-step marker excision. Moreover, the applicability of the optimized FLP/FRT recombination system in other fungi was further demonstrated by marker recycling in the ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Here, we discuss the application of the optimized FLP/FRT recombination system as a molecular tool for the genetic manipulation of filamentous fungi.
Hardware Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Processor Over<tex>$rm GF(p)$</tex> (2006)

A novel hardware architecture for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$ GF(p)$</tex> is introduced. This can perform the main prime field arithmetic functions needed in these cryptosystems including modular inversion and multiplication. This is based on a new unified modular inversion algorithm that offers considerable improvement over previous ECC techniques that use Fermat's Little Theorem for this operation. The processor described uses a full-word multiplier which requires much fewer clock cycles than previous methods, while still maintaining a competitive critical path delay. The benefits of the approach have been demonstrated by utilizing these techniques to create a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design. This can perform a 256-bit prime field scalar point multiplication in 3.86 ms, the fastest FPGA time reported to date. The ECC architecture described can also perform four different types of modular inversion, making it suitable for use in many different ECC applications.
Shape-controlled synthesis of silver nanostructures (2005)

At room temperature, without any template and in the solid phase, shape-controlled silver nanostructures are synthesized using solid electrolyte RbAg(4)I(5) thin film under direct current electric field (DCEF) treatment. With different DCEF strengths, we have synthesized silver single-crystalline nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles and nanoframes. The growth mechanism and the relationship between the DCEF strength and the synthesized nanostructures are discussed briefly.
Feature extraction and temporal segmentation of acoustic signals (1998)

cote interne IRCAM: Rossignol98a
AFFCCA: a tool for critical area analysis with circular defects and lithography deformed layout (1995)

This paper describes the AFFCCA (Accurate, Fast, Flexible Computation of Critical Area) tool. The algorithms implemented in AFFCCA can handle arbitrary geometry, defects causing shorts of arbitrary shapes, and a spectrum of process induced layout deformations. The presented results indicate that the unique features of AFFCCA allow for significant improvements in the accuracy of critical area computations.
A Bayesian approach to human activity recognition (2003)

Presents a methodology for automatically identifying human action. We use a new approach to human activity recognition that incorporates a Bayesian framework. By tracking the movement of the head of the subject over consecutive frames of monocular grayscale image sequences, we recognize actions in the frontal or lateral view. Input sequences captured from a CCD camera are matched against stored models of actions. The action that is found to be closest to the input sequence is identified. In the present implementation, these actions include sitting down, standing up, bending down, getting up, hugging, squatting, rising from a squatting position, bending sideways, falling backward and walking. This methodology finds application in environments where constant monitoring of human activity is required, such as in department stores and airports.
Energy management and sizing of a hybrid locomotive (2007)

The French national railways company (SNCF) is involved in a new project called PLATHEE (energy- efficient and environmentally friendly train platform) which aims at investigating and testing energy- efficient and environmentally friendly traction systems. In particular, the design of a hybrid locomotive called LHyDIE has been started at 2005. This paper presents a new methodology for the hybrid electric vehicle design which exploits an energy management strategy based on a frequency approach. In particular, the design of the LHyDIE prototype and the energy management strategy implemented aboard are presented. The study mainly focuses on the battery and supercapacitor sizing taking account of the intrinsic energetic characteristics of these sources (i.e. energy and power densities, typical operating frequency) in the energy management strategy. The analysis of feasible configurations of the traction device determined in compliance with the battery stress, the system cost and the diesel oil consumption criteria and volume constraints is presented.
Approximation Theory II, (1976)

This book contains the proceedings of a Symposium on Approximation Theory which was held in Austin on January 18-21, 1976. The program of the symposium included seven one-hour invited expository lectures, more than forty one-half-hour invited research talks, and a large number of contributed fifteen minute talks. The expository papers describe recent developments in some important special fields. For example, D. Braess discusses nonlinear approximation, C. de Boor surveys the central role of B-splines in the general theory of splines, R. DeVore discusses the degree of approximation by polynomials, trigonometric polynomials, and splines, obtaining the results from a relation between the moduli of smoothness and Peetre's K-functionals, A. G. Vituskin has a new point of view upon entropy-he indicates its applications to coding, G. P. Nevai describes recent results (by himself, G. Freud and others) in the theory of convergence of interpolation formulas and of orthogonal polynomials, C. K. Chui surveys Pade approximations of arbitrary analytic functions, and L. L. Schumaker discusses fitting surfaces.
Functional Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain (2014)

Imaging studies suggest that individual differences in cognition and behavior might relate to differences in brain connectivity, particularly in the higher order association regions. Understanding the extent to which two brains can differ is crucial in clinical and basic neuroscience research. Here we highlight two major sources of variance that contribute to intersubject variability in connectivity measurements but are often mixed: the spatial distribution variability and the connection strength variability. We then offer a hypothesis about how the cortical surface expansion during human evolution may have led to remarkable intersubject variability in brain connectivity. We propose that a series of changes in connectivity architecture occurred in response to the pressure for processing efficiency in the enlarged brain. These changes not only distinguish us from our evolutionary ancestors, but also enable each individual to develop more uniquely. This hypothesis may gain support from the significant spatial correlations among evolutionary cortical expansion, the density of long-range connections, hemispheric functional specialization, and intersubject variability in connectivity.
Parahippocampal tau pathology in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early Alzheimer's disease (2002)

Abnormally phosphorylated tau accumulates as neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads in older persons with and without Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads and how they relate to cognitive function is unknown. This study investigated the relationship between phosphorylated tau lesions and cognitive function in 31 persons participating in the Religious Orders Study, a prospective, longitudinal clinicopathological study of aging and Alzheimer's disease. All subjects underwent detailed neuropsychological performance testing within a year of death and evidenced a spectrum of cognitive performance ranging from normal abilities to mild dementia. Measures of neurofibrillary tangle density and phosphorylated tau immunoreactive structures (predominantly neuropil threads) in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices by quantitative image analysis were significantly correlated (r = 0.5). In multiple linear regression analyses controlling for age, sex, and education, parahippocampal neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads were significantly lower in persons without cognitive impairment compared to those with mild cognitive impairment and/or Alzheimer's disease. Further, neurofibrillary tangles were significantly correlated to measures of episodic memory but not other cognitive abilities; neuropil tangles were not significantly related to memory or other cognitive functions. These data indicate that phosphorylated tau pathology in the ventromedial temporal lobe develop prior to the onset of clinical dementia and their presence is associated with cognitive impairment, particularly impairment of episodic memory.
Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol under Mild Conditions over Cu-Zeolites and beyond (2017)

In the recent years methane has become increasingly abundant. However, transportation costs are high and methane recovered as side product is often flared rather than valorized. The chemical utilization of methane is highly challenging and currently mainly based on the cost-intensive production of synthesis gas and its conversion. Alternative routes have been discovered in academia, though high temperatures are mostly required. However, the direct conversion of methane to methanol is an exception. It can already be carried out at comparably low temperatures. It is challenging that methanol is more prone to oxidation than methane, which makes high selectivities at moderate conversions difficult to reach. Decades of research for the direct reaction of methane and oxygen did not yield a satisfactory solution for the direct partial oxidation toward methanol. When changing the oxidant from oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, high selectivities can be reached at rather low conversions, but the cost of hydrogen peroxide is comparably high. However, major advancements in the field were introduced by converting methane to a more stable methanol precursor. Most notable is the conversion of methane to methyl bisulfate in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The reaction is carried out in 102% sulfuric acid using SO<sub>3</sub> as the oxidant. This allows for oxidation of the platinum catalyst and prevents the in situ hydrolysis of methyl bisulfate toward the less stable methanol. With a slightly different motif, the stepped conversion of methane to methanol over copper-zeolites was developed a decade ago. The copper-zeolite is first activated in oxygen at 450 °C, and then cooled to 200 °C and reacts with methane in the absence of oxygen, thus protecting a methanol precursor from overoxidation. Subsequently methanol can be extracted with water. Several active copper-zeolites were found, and the active sites were identified and discussed. For a long time, the process was almost unchanged. Lately, we implemented online steam extraction rather than off-line extraction with liquid water, which enables execution of successive cycles. While recently we reported the isothermal conversion by employing higher methane pressures, carrying out the process according to prior art only yielded neglectable amounts of methane. Using a pressure <40 bar methane gave higher yields under isothermal conditions at 200 °C than most yields in prior reports. The yield, both after high temperature activation and under isothermal conditions at 200 °C, increased monotonously with the pressure. With this account we show that the trend can be represented by a Langmuir model. Thus, the pressure dependence is governed by methane adsorption. We show that the isothermal and the high temperature activated processes have different properties and should be treated independently, from both an experimental and a mechanistic point of view.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and FTY720 as anti‐atherosclerotic lipid compounds (2007)

All stages of atherosclerosis have been identified as a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. In the last few years there is increasing evidence that endogenous lysophospholipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. The S1P analogue FTY720 that has been developed as a potent, orally active, immunosuppressant in the field of transplantation and autoimmune disease has interesting effects on inflammatory processes in the arterial vessel wall. S1P targets five specific S1P receptors (S1P(1-5)), which are ubiquitously expressed. S1P(1-3) receptor expression is identified in arterial vessels. S1P and FTY720 show potent silencing effects on some vascular proinflammatory mechanisms in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, the interaction of monocytes with the vessel wall is inhibited. As shown recently, FTY720 can effectively reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice having a high-cholesterol diet. It is not entirely clear which S1P receptor subtype is mainly involved in this process. However, it is currently speculated that the S1P(3) and probably the S1P(1) is involved in the anti-atherosclerotic effects of FTY720. This review summarizes the current knowledge about S1P- and FTY720-effects on mechanisms of vascular inflammatory disease. In addition S1P receptor subtypes are identified which might be interesting for molecular drug targeting.
Chapter 1 Principles of cardiovascular device design (1993)

The design of cardiovascular devices is a complex process that is partially, but never completely, illuminated by scientific information and precise specification of the performance wanted of the device. No design satisfies by only accomplishing its intended goal; it must also avoid unintended, unwanted effects, termed in this chapter failure modes. Discussion of these modes is the principal goal of this chapter, which, however, concludes with a discussion of a feasible process of design that can be carried out in the presence of substantial ignorance. Natural components of the cardiovascular system as models for the exploitation of current technology are suggested to be, at least at present, less useful than are precedent artificial systems.
Characterization and degradation of elastomeric four‐armed star copolymers based on caprolactone and <scp>L</scp>‐lactide (2012)

Although biodegradable polymers have found extensive applications in medical areas, there are limited reports that show elastomeric behavior. In this work, a biodegradable, elastomeric polymer is demonstrated from a four-armed star copolymer. With a fixed middle core composition, comprising caprolactone (CL) and L-lactide (LA), an elastomer is obtained by increasing the polylactide (PLA) end block lengths to obtain sufficient end block crystallinity. This increase suppressed the middle core's crystallinity yet ensured cocrystallization of the PLA ends of individual star copolymer chains to form a three-dimensional network via physical crosslinking. Cyclic and creep test of the star copolymers showed that at least 75% of recovery was achieved. Degradation study of the copolymer showed that degradation first occurred in the caprolactone-co-lactide (CLLA) core, followed by degradation in the PLA ends. Chain scission in the middle core resulted in immediate formation of CL crystals within the core and increased crystallinity over time, in both CLLA core and PLA ends.
21.8% Efficient Monolithic Perovskite/Homo-Junction-Silicon Tandem Solar Cell on 16 cm<sup>2</sup> (2018)

A monolithic (FAPbI3)0.83(MAPbBr3)0.17 perovskite/rear-textured-homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with a steady-state 21.8% efficiency has been achieved on 16 cm2 using a new front top metal grid design producing an impressive fill factor (76% under forward scan or 78% under reverse scan). The efficiency and fill factor are the highest for monolithic perovskite/Si tandems larger than 10 cm2.
Frequency locking a laser to an optical cavity by use of spatial mode interference (1999)

We present a novel technique to frequency lock a laser to an optical cavity. This technique, tilt locking, utilizes a misalignment of the laser with respect to the cavity to produce a nonresonant spatial mode. By observing the interference between the carrier and the spatial mode one can obtain a quantum-noise-limited frequency discriminator. Tilt locking offers a number of potential benefits over existing locking schemes, including low cost, high sensitivity, and simple implementation.
Raman spectroscopy of premixed CH4/N20 flames (1980)

Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy was used to make temperature and number density profile measurements in CH4/N20 flames. Preliminary measurements above the primary reaction zone agree with thermochemical equilibrium calculations. A temperature profile was measured through the primary reaction zone of this flame. This profile clearly demonstrates the capability of this diagnostic tool to make accurate temperature measurements with good spatial resolution.
Integrated optical-disk pickup that uses a focusing grating coupler with a high numerical aperture (1994)

An integrated optical-disk pickup that uses a focusing grating coupler with a numerical aperture of 0.45 (a focal length of 1.0 mm and an aperture of 1.0 mm × 0.8 mm) was developed, and the readout signal on an International Standards Organization (ISO) -formatted 90-mm optical disk was detected by the pickup. The signal-amplitude ratio of the minimum-limit data pattern to the maximum was 0.53 on the innermost track. It meets the requirement on the signal resolution for optical-disk storage devices.
Detection of interferences in an additive manufacturing process: an experimental study integrating methods of feature selection and machine learning (2019)

Additive manufacturing becomes a more and more important technology for production, mainly driven by the ability to realise extremely complex structures using multiple materials but without assembly or excessive waste. Nevertheless, like any high-precision technology additive manufacturing responds to interferences during the manufacturing process. These interferences – like vibrations – might lead to deviations in product quality, becoming manifest for instance in a reduced lifetime of a product or application issues. This study targets the issue of detecting such interferences during a manufacturing process in an exemplary experimental setup. Collection of data using current sensor technology directly on a 3D-printer enables a quantitative detection of interferences. The evaluation provides insights into the effectiveness of the realised application-oriented setup, the effort required for equipping a manufacturing system with sensors, and the effort for acquisition and processing the data. These insights are of practical utility for organisations dealing with additive manufacturing: the chosen approach for detecting interferences shows promising results, reaching interference detection rates of up to 100% depending on the applied data processing configuration.
Studies in early transition metal organometallic chemistry (1998)

The work in this thesis is separated into two sections: Chapters 1 to 6 are concerned with the synthesis and characterisation of amide functionalised cyclopentadienyl complexes of Group 4, 5, 6 and 8 transition metals. Chapters 7 to 9 involve a study into complexes containing potential a-agostic interactions. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to functionalised cyclopentadienyl complexes and also to the ligand C(_5)H(_5)(CH(_2))(_3)N(H)Me. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of the Group 6 complexes of tungsten and molybdenum, M[Æ(^5):Æ(^1)-C(_5)H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)NMe](NR)(_2) by different routes, their chemistry, and subsequent reactions. Chapter 3 covers the preparation of the Group 4 complexes of zirconium and titanium, M[Æ(^5):Æ -C(_5))H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)NMe](C(_5)H(_5))Cl, their subsequent reactions, and potential as olefin polymerisation catalysts. Chapter 4 contains the synthesis of the Group 5 complexes of niobium and tantalum, M[Æ(^5):Æ(^1)-C(_5)H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)NMe](N(^t)Bu)(NH(^t)Bu).Chapter 5 deals with the preparation of the Group 5 and 6 vanadium and chromium chloride complexes M[Æ(^5):Æ(^1)-C(_5)H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)NMe]Cl, their reactions, and potential as olefin polymerisation catalysts. Chapter 6 descibes the preparation of some iron complexes. The synthesis of the ferrocene, Fe[Æ(^5)-C(_5)H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)N(H)Me](_2), and the bridged carbonyl complex, {Fe[Æ(^5):Æ(^1)-C(_5)H(_4)(CH(_2))(_3)N(H)Me](CO)(Î¼-CO)}(_2), are described. Chapter 7 provides an introduction to a-agostic interactions, the use of the Isotopic Perturbation of Resonance (IPR) technique as a means of characterisation, and the preparation of deuterated starting materials to perform such investigations. Chapter 8 investigates the complexes MeTiC(_3)L (L = dme, tmeda, diphos), W(N(^t)Bu)(_2)Me(_2), and Mo(N-(_2),(_6)-(^i)Pr(_2)C(_6)H(_3))(_2)Me(_2) for a-agostic interactions, using the IPR technique Chapter 9 describes the synthesis of and investigation for a-agostic bonds in zirconium and titanium neopentyl chloro complexes MNp(_x)Cl(_4-x) (x = 1 - 4).The Appendices outline the preparative and analytical methods used, and X-ray crystallographic data.
Une photopile à haut rendement pour utilisation spatiale (1982)

L'épitaxie en phase vapeur d'arséniure de gallium à partir de composés organométalliques se prête bien à la réalisation de piles solaires. On étudie par cette méthode une homojonction d'arséniure de gallium dont la zone avant est suffisamment fine (de l'ordre de 500 Å) pour que la majorité des porteurs soit créée sous la jonction ; les pertes par recombinaison en surface sont ainsi minimisées. Les résultats déjà obtenus font ressortir un rendement photovoltaïque proche de 20 % sous un spectre solaire AM1,5 et les premiers essais sous irradiation indiquent un bon comportement en ambiance spatiale.