gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Evaluation of molecular weights of hyaluronate preparations by multi-angle laser light scattering]. (2003)

Hyaluronate (HA), a glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide, has been used for osteoarthritis, periartritis of the shoulder and rheumatoid arthritis by intraarticular administration, and in ophthalmic surgery such as anterior segment surgery, and eye lotion. In this study, the molecular weight (Mw) of HA preparations were estimated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) system consisted of a refractometer (RI) and a multi-angle laser light scattering (MALS). From the results, it has been clarified that a successful characterization of HA samples with Mw up to 2 - 3 x 10(6) g/mol was possible by multidetector system.
Is Mean-Variance Analysis Vacuous: Or was Beta Still Born? (1997)

Abstract We show in any economy trading options, with investors having mean-variance preferences, that there are arbitrage opportunities resulting from negative prices for out of the money call options. The theoretical implication of this inconsistency is that mean-variance analysis is vacuous. The practical implications of this inconsistency are investigated by developing an option pricing model for a CAPM type economy. It is observed that negative call prices begin to appear at strikes that are two standard deviations out of the money. Such out-of-the money options often trade. For near money options, the CAPM option pricing model is shown to permit estimation of the mean return on the underlying asset, its volatility and the length of the planning horizon. The model is estimated on S&P 500 futures options data covering the period January 1992–September 1994. It is found that the mean rate of return though positive, is poorly identified. The estimates for the volatility are stable and average 11%, while those for the planning horizon average 0.95. The hypothesis that the planning horizon is a year can not be rejected. The one parameter Black–Scholes model also marginally outperforms the three parameter CAPM model with average percentage errors being respectively, 3.74% and 4.5%. This out performance of the Black–Scholes model is taken as evidence consistent with the mean-variance analysis being vacuous in a practical sense as well.
Selective extraction of caffeine with hot water from intact tea leaves. (1985)

Caffeine was selective extracted with hot water from fresh, steamed and withered tea leaves. Hot water at 85°C for 1 min extracted about 71% of caffeine from intact fresh tea leaves. The caffeine extraction rate from fresh tea leaves was the same in steamed or withered leaves. The rate increased to 83% in 3min steeping. However, the extraction rate of catechins with hot water at 85°C for 1min from intact fresh tea leaves was below 10% and that of amino acids was below 20%. The extraction rates of catechins and amino acids from steamed and withered tea leaves were lower than those from intact fresh leaves. Steeping steamed tea leaves in boiling water for a few minutes before primary rolling seemed to be effective for reducing caffeine content in green tea.
Evaluation of Static Analysis Techniques for Fixed-Point Precision Optimization (2009)

Precision analysis and optimization is very important when transforming a floating-point algorithm into fixed-point hardware implementations. The core analysis techniques are either based on dynamic analysis or static analysis. We believe in static error analysis, as it is the only technique that can guarantee the desired worst-case accuracy. In this paper we study various underlying arithmetic candidates that can be used in static error analysis and compare their computed sensitivities. The approaches studied include Affine Arithmetic(AA), General Interval Arithmetic (GIA) and Automatic Differentiation (Symbolic Arithmetic). Our study shows that symbolic method is preferred for expressions with higher order cancellation. For programs without strong cancellation, any method works fairly well and GIA slightly outperforms others. We also study the impact of program transformations on these arithmetics.
An Efficient Routing System For Block Layqut (2005)

A flexible and powerfid routing system for arbitrarily sized blocks is presented. Through the years various algorithms have been proposed for individual phases of the routing process (channel slicing global routing, compaction, etc.). This paper describes a complete set of algorithms which solve the problems commonly encountered during different stages of block routing. Some of the features that set this apart from previously published work are: 1) A channel generator that breaks placement cycles and guarantees slicing; 2) An intelligent global router that considers routing congestion and wiring length trade-offs; 3) Density estimation and compaction modules that operate during the routing; 4) A single-pass design-rule driven gridless router that handles irregularly shaped channels. These modules combine to form a fast and efficient block routing system.
Prognostic Significance of a Combination of Soluble Fas and Soluble Fas Ligand in the Serum of Patients with Ta Bladder Cancer (2002)

Recurrence after transurethral resection is one of the major problems in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. However, there are no potent prognostic markers for recurrence in superficial bladder cancer at present. As circulating soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) have been implicated in protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis against cancers and may interfere with immune surveillance against autologous cancers, sFas and sFasL in the serum of patients with Ta bladder cancer were evaluated as prognostic tumor markers for recurrence. The serum levels of sFas and sFasL were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with Ta bladder cancer with low serum levels of both sFas and sFasL had a significantly longer postoperative tumor-free interval than those with high serum level of either sFas or sFasL in the 3-year follow-up. There was no correlation between the serum levels of sFas and sFasL. The present study has demonstrated that elevated serum sFas or sFasL predicts early recurrence in patients with Ta bladder cancer. These findings suggest that the serum levels of sFas and sFasL can be used as a prognostic indicator for recurrence in patients with Ta bladder cancer, and that sFas and sFasL may independently inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis.
The Relative Safety of Ephedra Compared with Other Herbal Products (2003)

Ephedra use is associated with a greatly increased risk for adverse reactions compared with other herbs, and its use should be restricted.
Zinc self-diffusion, electrical properties, and defect structure of undoped, single crystal zinc oxide (2000)

Zinc self-diffusion was measured in single crystal zinc oxide using nonradioactive Zn70 as the tracer isotope and secondary ion mass spectrometry for data collection. Crystal mass was closely monitored to measure ZnO evaporation. Diffusion coefficients were isotropic with an activation energy of 372 kJ/mol. Zinc self-diffusion is most likely controlled by a vacancy mechanism. Electrical property measurements exhibit a plateau in conductivity at intermediate pO2 with an increase in reducing atmospheres. An analysis of the defect structure is presented that indicates that oxygen vacancies are probably the intrinsic ionic defects responsible for n-type conductivity in reducing atmospheres.
A Batch Fabricated Elastomeric Actuator with Large out of Plane Displacement (2010)

Batch compatible laser micromachining of an elastomeric cantilever actuator composed of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bilayer (active/inactive) and soft-lithographically patterned conductive carbon grease electrodes is presented in this paper. Low actuation voltage and large out-of-plane displacement are unique characteristics of this new cantilever structure. An actuator which is 4mm long, 1mm wide, and 80μm thick can produce up to 1.2mm out of plane displacement and generate maximum force of 25μN when actuated by 450V.
On the shattering of clusters by surface impact heating (1996)

The onset of a shattering regime when a supersonic cluster undergoes an ultrafast heating by its impact at a surface, proposed on the basis of an information theoretic analysis, has now been demonstrated experimentally for molecular clusters. It is emphasized that the sudden onset of shattering as a function of impact velocity is a robust result depending essentially only on the multitude of possible isomers of larger clusters. There is one underlying assumption of the information theoretic approach—namely that there is a rather rapid thermalization of the translational degrees of freedom of the impact heated cluster so that mean energy is the only energetic constraint. When this is not necessarily the case, e.g., for ionic clusters at lower energies, there will not be extensive fragmentation.
Size‐exclusion chromatography with two‐angle laser light‐scattering (SEC‐TALLS) of high molecular weight and branched polymers (1995)

Abstract The accuracy and precision of results obtained from light‐scattering detection at two angles (TALLS) for size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) are examined for linear narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrenes between 1,290,000 and 20,000,000 MW and for branched polyesters. The ratio of light‐scattering intensities at 15° and 90° is used to calculate weight‐average molecular weight, M̄ w , and an average root‐mean‐square radius, r̄ gu , equivalent to the z ‐average radius. A shape for the polymer molecule is assumed and an analytical relationship for the particle‐scattering function is required. It is shown that analysis of the data using the particle‐scattering function for a random coil is valid for both high molecular weight, linear polystyrenes and long‐chain branched polyesters. The radius, r̄ gu , is determined with high precision by using the ratio of light‐scattering signals, which is insensitive to errors in sample concentration and changes in the eluent flow rate. The correct average radius for the whole polymer is obtained despite using low‐efficiency, large‐particle diameter SEC columns; however, axial dispersion significantly affects molecular weights and radii calculated at each retention volume that can limit the utility of plots used to deduce polymer conformation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Columnar Self‐Assembly in Electron‐Deficient Heterotriangulenes (2013)

A series of soluble carbonyl-bridged heterotriangulenes, in which flexible n-dodecyl chains are attached through different spacers to the planar nitrogen-centered polycyclic core, have been synthesized. The introduction of triisopropylsilylethynyl moieties enabled, for the first time, the characterization of single-crystal columnar packing of a substituted heterotriangulene by X-ray crystallography. Electrochemical studies disclosed the carbonyl-bridged heterotriangulene core as a reasonably strong acceptor for a reversible two-electron transfer. The tendency of substituted heterotriangulenes to self-assemble in solution, on surfaces, and in the bulk appeared to sensitively depend on the nature of the lateral substituents, their steric demand, and the applied solution processing conditions. It can be concluded that 1) additional phenylene moieties between the heterotriangulene core and the n-dodecyl chains facilitate self-assembly by extending the π-conjugated polycyclic disc, 2) the rod-like ethynylene spacers introduce some additional flexibility and hence lower the overall aggregation tendency, and 3) the combination of both features in the phenylene-ethynylene moieties induces thermotropic liquid crystallinity.
Can Feline Oncornaviruses Cause Leukemia in Man? (1972)

Evidence is examined relative to the possibility that feline oncornaviruses can play a role in the induction of some lymphoreticular neoplasms in man, and a hypothesis is presented to suggest how this can occur. Points that implicate the feline oncornaviruses in this way are: (1) many domestic cats in their natural environment excrete FeLV; (2) feline oncornaviruses will induce tumors in several species, including subhuman primates; (3) field strains of FeLV will replicate in human cells; (4) FSV will transform human cells; (5) immunologic depression can greatly interfere with in vivo virus neutralization; (6) immunologic depression greatly enhances the development of spontaneous lymphoreticular neoplasms and those induced in animals with oncornaviruses, and (7) children represent the age group most likely to be exposed to FeLV and to undergo temporary periods of immune depression due to exposure to the common childhood viral diseases and viral vaccines.
Long-term major clinical outcomes in patients with long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders before and after transition to triheptanoin treatment—A retrospective chart review (2015)

This retrospective study represents the largest analysis reported to date of treatment of LC-FAOD with triheptanoin. The data suggest that triheptanoin improves the course of disease by decreasing the incidence and duration of major clinical manifestations and should be the focus of prospective investigations. Significant heterogeneity in the routine clinical care provided to subjects during the periods studied and the natural variation of clinical course of LC-FAODs with time emphasize the need of additional study of the use of triheptanoin.
Pharmacokinetics (PK) of pertuzumab (rhuMAb 2C4) in phase II studies of ovarian, breast, prostate, and lung cancers (2005)

2532 Background: Pertuzumab, a humanized HER2-targeted antibody, represents the first in a new class of targeted therapeutic agents known as HER2 dimerization inhibitors (HDIs). Pertuzumab blocks ligand-associated HER2 dimerization with HER kinase family members (EGFR, HER3, HER4), thereby inhibiting intracellular signaling through MAP and PI3 kinases. Pertuzumab is currently being evaluated in phase II studies as a single-agent in ovarian, breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Interim pertuzumab PK data from the phase II studies is presented. Methods: Pertuzumab was administered once every 3 weeks (q3 week) as an IV infusion at a fixed dose of either 420 mg following an initial 840 mg loading dose (LD), or 1050 mg with no LD. PK data from four phase II studies were pooled for analysis by both descriptive and population PK (PopPK) modeling Methods: Results: PopPK modeling of the data from ovarian and breast cancer studies showed that a linear 2-compartment model best described the concentration-time profiles. For a ‘typical’ patient, pertuzumab clearance (CL), volume of distribution (Vc), and terminal half-life was 0.214 L/day, 2.74 L, and 17.2 days, respectively. Body weight (BW), serum albumin, and alkaline phosphatase were significant covariates affecting CL, with BW explaining only 8.3% of inter-patient variability for CL. Body surface area was the significant covariate affecting Vc. The q3 week 420 mg (840 mg LD) regimen attained mean serum trough concentrations of ≈50 μg/mL and steady-state concentrations were achieved by the 2nd treatment cycle in all studies. Conclusions: Pertuzumab PK supports a q3 week dosing regimen. At a fixed-dose of 420 mg (840 mg LD) steady-state was rapidly attained, and putative target trough concentrations of ≥20 μg/mL, based on in vivo xenograft tumor model data, were achieved in most patients. The PK of pertuzumab was similar to trastuzumab and bevacizumab. PopPK analysis supports the continued use of a fixed dose in women with ovarian and breast cancers. PopPK analysis for the patients in the prostate and lung cancer studies is ongoing and will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genentech Genentech
Care of a case of <i>Haemophius aphrophilus</i> endocarditis with a combination of fosfomycin and gentamicin (1986)

Journal Article Care of a case of Haemophius aphrophilus endocarditis with a combination of fosfomycin and gentamicin Get access S. MORENO, S. MORENO Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. EZPELETA, C. EZPELETA Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. PARRAS, F. PARRAS Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. BARROS, C. BARROS Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. MARTINEZ BELTRÁN, J. MARTINEZ BELTRÁN Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. BUZÓN L. BUZÓN Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Microbiologia, Centro Especial ‘Ramón y Cajal’Madrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 18, Issue 6, December 1986, Pages 771–772, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/18.6.771-a Published: 01 December 1986
The PRP31 gene encodes a novel protein required for pre-mRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The pre-mRNA splicing factor Prp31p was identified in a screen of temperature-sensitive yeast strains for those exhibiting a splicing defect upon shift to the non- permissive temperature. The wild-type PRP31 gene was cloned and shown to be essential for cell viability. The PRP31 gene is predicted to encode a 60 kDa polypeptide. No similarities with other known splicing factors or motifs indicative of protein-protein or RNA-protein interaction domains are discernible in the predicted amino acid sequence. A PRP31 allele bearing a triple repeat of the hemagglutinin epitope has been generated. The tagged protein is functional in vivo and a single polypeptide species of the predicted size was detected by Western analysis with proteins from yeast cell extracts. Functional Prp31p is required for the processing of pre-mRNA species both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that the protein is directly involved in the splicing pathway.
Membranpotentiale an Graphitoxydfolien (1957)

Abstract Es gelang mit Membranen aus Graphitoxyd bei 1–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten der Kationen H + , K + , Cs + , N(CH 3 ) 4 + Potentialdifferenzen von 58 mV je Zehnerpotenz Aktivitätsunterschied zu messen. Das Verhältnis der Aktivitäten rechts und links der Membran konnte > 10 2 betragen. Die Aktivität der Meßlösung konnte von 10 −0,5 bis 10 −4 , bei H‐Ionen bis 10 −5 variiert werden. Auch die Aktivitäten von Alkaloidionen konnten gemessen werden. Bei 2–1‐wertigen Elektrolyten der Kationen Ca 2+ und Ba 2+ reichte der entsprechende Meßbereich in Aktivitäten von 10 −2 bis 10 −4 . Das starke Umbiegen der Kurven bei höheren Aktivitäten hat vielleicht die gleiche Ursache wie die Umladung von Tonsuspensionen in konzentrierten Erdalkalisalzlösungen. Die Ursache für die Eignung der Graphitoxydmembranen sind die innerkristalline Quellung und die hohe Dichte an dissoziierten (austauschfähigen) Kationen. Diese Kationendichte läßt sich aus den bekannten chemischen Eigenschaften des Graphitoxyds in der richtigen Größenordnung errechnen.
<title>Fuzzy logic connectivity in semiconductor defect clustering</title> (1998)

In joining defects on semiconductor wafer maps into clusters, it is common for defects caused by different sources to overlap. Simple morphological image processing tends to either join too many unrelated defects together or not enough together. Expert semiconductor fabrication engineers have demonstrated that they can easily group clusters of defects from a common manufacturing problem source into a single signature. Capturing this thought process is ideally suited for fuzzy logic. A system of rules was developed to join disconnected clusters based on properties such as elongation, orientation, and distance. The clusters are evaluated on a pair-wise basis using the fuzzy rules and are joined or not joined based on a defuzzification and threshold. The system continuously re- evaluates the clusters under consideration as their fuzzy memberships change with each joining action. The fuzzy membership functions for each pair-wise feature, the techniques used to measure the features, and methods for improving the speed of the system are all developed. Examples of the process are shown using real-world semiconductor wafer maps obtained from chip manufacturers. The algorithm is utilized in the Spatial Signature Analyzer software, a joint development project between Oak Ridge National Lab. and SEMATECH.
Effective pseudo-relevance for Microblog retrieval (2016)

Microblog services such as Twitter have become a part of daily life for many users, with thousands of documents published each second. Microblog documents are often too short, overwhelming in their use of informal language and hard to understand due to a lack of contextual clues. Retrieving relevant documents from microblogs is somewhat challenging because of its nature and the massive scale of the data. However, microblog retrieval models suffer from a vocabulary mismatch problem that leads to insufficient performance. In this paper, we address microblog retrieval limitations by proposing a pseudo-relevance feedback model. Our model considers discriminative expansion to meet user interests. Experimental results on TREC 2011 and 2012 microblog datasets show that our model demonstrates significant improvements over the baseline models.
Electroplex emission from bi-layer blue emitting organic materials (2007)

Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of an electron donor, an (poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK))/electron acceptor, and a (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD)) bi-layer solid film are analysed. The EL emission peak has an apparent red-shift with the increase of driving voltage. There maybe exist an electroplex emission between the PVK and PBD interface under high electric field strength. According to their energy level, the electroplex emission peak should locate at 460 nm. There are great spectra overlapping between PVK emission and electroplex emission, and the ratio of electroplex emission intensity to exciton emission intensity (Ielectroplex/Iexciton) increases from 0.38 at 10 to 0.81 at 16 V. Therefore the measured emission peaks continuously shift from 410 nm at 10 V to 445 nm at 16 V.
Aerodynamic Components of Aircraft at High Speeds (1957)

Volume VII of the High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion series. It deals with applications to specific components of the complete aircraft. Sections of the volume include: aerodynamics of wings at high speed, aerodynamics of bodies at high speed, interaction problems, propellers at high speed, diffusers and nozzles, and nonsteady wing characteristics. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.