gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Damping factor in Google page ranking (2006)

Abstract Google, the largest search engine worldwide, adopts PageRank technology to determine the rank of website listings. This paper describes how damping factor is a critical factor in changing a website's ranking in traditional Google PageRank technology. A modified algorithm based on input–output ratio concept is proposed to substitute for the damping factor. Besides there is no need to choose an optimal damping factor value, the modified algorithm has an equivalent effect on computation as the traditional Google's PageRank algorithm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing of the Guard (1996)

October 1, 1995 was an eventful day for both Steve Jungst and myself. He was relieved of a mighty burden after ten years of yeoman service to the Forestry Department, and I attempted to shoulder that load on somewhat wobbly knees. From everything I have seen and heard, Steve has served both Iowa forestry and the ISU Forestry Department well during his term at the helm. I am sure we all wish him well as he returns to a full time role in teaching and research in the department.
Intravesical ATP concentration in bladder aliquots at 200 and 400mL in relation to afferent sensation during cystometry and baseline urinary pH. (2011)

Hexagonal platy composite particles with a hydrotalcite core and a nanoporous silica shell with a thickness of ca. 100 nm were synthesized by the reaction of a Mg-Al hydrotalcite with a homogeneous aqueous solution containing tetraethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, ammonia and methanol at 3 degrees C. The calcination of the products at 500 degrees C in air led to the composite particle with a Mg/Al mixed oxide core and a nanoporous silica shell. Hexagonal platy particles of nanoporous silica with a pore diameter of 2.3 nm and BET surface area of 700 m(2) (g of silica)(-1) were obtained by removing the Mg/Al mixed oxide core.
Ex Vivo Analysis of Tryptophan Metabolism Using <sup>19</sup>F NMR (2019)

Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is metabolized into a variety of small molecules capable of impacting human physiology, and aberrant tryptophan metabolism has been linked to a number of diseases. There are three principal routes by which tryptophan is degraded, and thus methods for measuring metabolic flux through these pathways can be used to understand the factors that perturb tryptophan metabolism and potentially to measure disease biomarkers. Here, we describe a method utilizing 6-fluorotryptophan as a probe for detecting tryptophan metabolites in ex vivo tissue samples via <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that 6-fluorotryptophan can be used to measure changes in tryptophan metabolism resulting from antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota composition. Taken together, we describe a general strategy for monitoring amino acid metabolism using <sup>19</sup>F nuclear magnetic resonance that is operationally simple and does not require chromatographic separation of metabolites.
Quantitative nonlinear dielectric microscopy of periodically polarized ferroelectric domains (1998)

A nonlinear dielectric scanning tip microwave near-field microscope capable of submicron quantitative imaging of nonlinear dielectric constant was developed. This nondestructive technique was used to image the nonlinear dielectric constant profiles of an yttrium-doped LiNbO3 single crystal with periodically polarized ferroelectric domains.
Application of Attenuated Total Reflectance IR spectroscopy to toilet articles and household products, 1., Qualitative analysis (1965)

SynOlSis--The application of IR spectroscopy to the identification of components in toilet articles and household products using a special reflection technique, i.e. Attenuated Total Reflectance, is described. This technique, which is essentially independent of sample thick- ness, permits spectra to be obtained from bulk samples which are equivalent to those obtained by transmission through thin films. Such a procedure overcomes the experimental diffi- culties encountered when attempting to study these types of products by transmission spectroscopy. Examples are quoted of the application of ATR, without any prior sample preparation, to soap-detergent combination bars, toothpastes, washing-up products, all-purpose cleaners, shampoos and bubble baths.
Intellectual Property Rights:A Perspective in Marine Fisheriesand Mariculture (2013)

Intellectual property rights, which connote the rights available for the protection and exploitation of technology for the benefit of patentee, society, and government, occupy an important place in today’s world. IP is generally categorized into industrial property, which concern patents, trademarks, designs and copyrights. Intellectual property safeguards the rights of an inventor in his invention, and at the same time facilitates social and economic growth by providing an impetus to the advancement of science and technology. Consequent to India becoming signatory to TRIPS in 1998, and with the latest amendments taking effect from 2006, the TRIPS compliant IP laws in India created the best investment opportunities and conducive environment for protection of valuable inventions and IP rights in marine fisheries and mariculture.
Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Using a Submerged, Vibration-Induced Jet (2006)

In this paper we describe a new two-phase cooling cell based on channel boiling and a vibration-induced liquid jet whose collective purpose is to delay the onset of critical heat flux by forcibly dislodging the small vapor bubbles that form on the heated surface during nucleate boiling and propelling them into the cooler bulk liquid within the cell. The submerged turbulent vibration-induced jet is generated by a vibrating piezoelectric diaphragm operating at resonance. The piezoelectric driver induces pressure oscillations in the liquid near the surface of the diaphragm, resulting in the time-periodic formation and collapse of cavitation bubbles that entrain surrounding liquid and generate a strong liquid jet. The resultant jet is directed at the heated surface in the channel. The jet enhances boiling heat transfer by removing attached vapor bubbles that insulate the surface and provides additional forced convection heat transfer on the surface. A small cross flow maintained within the cell increases heat transfer even further by sweeping the bubbles downstream, where they condense. In addition, the cross flow keeps the temperature of the liquid within the cell regulated. In the present experiments, the cell dimensions were 51×25×76mm and water was the working liquid. Heat fluxes above 300W∕cm2 were obtained at surface temperatures near 150°C for a horizontal cell.
An optimization-based approach for connecting partitioned mobile sensor/Actuator Networks (2011)

Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs) employ mobile nodes in addition to stationary tiny sensors. Similarly, mobile sensors make it possible to have the flexibility of mobility in mobile sensor network (MSN) applications. Mobility can be exploited to connect partitioned WSANs and MSNs due to large scale damages or deployment problems. However, since mobility consume significant energy and it can be limited due to terrain constraints, the travel distance for the mobile nodes should be minimized in such a recovery effort. In this paper, we present a mathematical model which minimizes the total travel distance for connecting a given number of partitions. The idea is based on network flows and the problem is modeled as a mixed integer nonlinear program. The nonlinear terms in the model are linearized using a polygon approximation for computational efficiency. We evaluated the performance of the proposed approach in terms of total distance as well as the time to reconnect the partitions. The results show that our approach outperforms the heuristic approach in terms of total distance and delay and reveals various trade-offs involved in connecting multiple partitions.
A New Method for the Synthesis of<i>tert</i>-Alkyl Chlorides from<i>tert</i>-Alcohols (1987)

Tert-Alkyl chlorides 5 are prepared in good yield from the corresponding alcohols 1 in a facile two step synthesis. The method involves treatment of the corresponding crude oxalyl monochloride alkyl ester 2 with N-hydroxy-pyridine-2-thione sodium salt 3 in tetrachloromethane at reflux to give the bright yellow N-(alkoxyoxalyloxy) pyridine-2-thiones 4 which undergo decomposition to the chlorides 5 in good yield. The reaction is conveniently monitored by the loss of colour from the mixed anhydride.
Impact of shallow trench isolation on reliability of buried- and surface-channel sub-/spl mu/m PFET (1995)

Shallow trench isolation exhibits all the required isolation-technology properties for ULSI. Its high degree of scaleability relies on the fact that its lateral (isolation width) and vertical (isolation depth) dimensions are decoupled due to an almost-ideal box-shape profile of the isolation. A consequence of the abrupt device edge is that a parasitic drain-to-source leakage path can exist at the corner and along the trench sidewall. This paper describes degradation mechanisms of surface-channel (SC) and buried-channel (BC) PFET devices that are directly related with a corner and sidewall parasitic leakage. Both parasitic regions show a characteristic degradation behavior that can limit device reliability for PFETs in the sub-/spl mu/m regime. The necessary processing conditions that overcome this limitation are also given.
Characterization of the ftsZ gene from Mycoplasma pulmonis, an organism lacking a cell wall (1996)

The ftsZ gene is required for cell division in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In these organisms, FtsZ is located in a ring at the leading edge of the septum. This ring is thought to be responsible for invagination of the septum, either causing invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane or activating septum-specific peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In this paper, we report that the cell division gene ftsZ is present in two mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma pulmonis and Acholeplasma laidlawii, which are eubacterial organisms lacking a cell wall. Sequencing of the ftsZ homolog from M. pulmonis revealed that it was highly homologous to other known FtsZ proteins. The M. pulmonis ftsZ gene was overexpressed, and the purified M. pulmonis FtsZ bound GTP. Using antisera raised against this purified protein, we could demonstrate that it was expressed in M. pulmonis. Expression of the M. pulmonis ftsZ gene in E. coli inhibited cell division, leading to filamentation, which could be suppressed by increasing expression of the E. coli ftsZ gene. The implications of these results for the role of ftsZ in cell division are discussed.
Studies on the Fibrinolytic System in Human Plasma: Quantitative Determination of Plasminogen Activators and Proactivators (1979)

Summary Effects due to plasma plasminogen activators and proactivators are usually studied in assay systems where inhibitors influence the activity and where the degree of activation of proactivators is unknown. Quantitative information on activator and proactivator levels in plasma is therefore not available Studies on the precipitating and activating properties of dextran sulphate in euglobulin fractionation presented in this paper resulted in the preparation of a fraction in which there was optimal recovery and optimal activation of a number of plasminogen activators and proactivators from human plasma. The quantitative assay of these activators on plasminogen-rich fibrin plates required the addition of flufenamate to eliminate inhibitors. The response on the fibrin plates (lysed zones) could be coverted to arbitrary blood activator units (BAU). Consequently, a new activator assay which enables one to quantitatively determine the plasma level of plasminogen activators and proactivators together is introduced. Two different contributions could be distinguished: an activity originating from extrinsic activator and one originating from intrinsic proactivators. The former could be assayed separately by means of its resistance to inhibition by Cl-inactivator. Considering the relative concentrations of extrinsic and intrinsic activators, an impression of the pattern of activator content in plasma was gained. In morning plasma with baseline levels of fibrinolysis, the amount of extrinsic activator was negligible as compared to the level of potentially active intrinsic activators. Consequently, the new assay nearly exclusively determines the level of intrinsic activators in morning plasma. A pilot study gave a fairly stable level of 100 ± 15 BAU/ml (n = 50). When fibrinolysis was stimulated by venous occlusion (15 min), the amount of extrinsic activator was greatly increased, reaching a total activator level of 249 ± 27 BAU/ml (n = 7).
Ultimate intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio for parallel MRI: Electromagnetic field considerations (2003)

A method is described for establishing an upper bound on the spatial encoding capabilities of coil arrays in parallel MRI. Ultimate intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), independent of any particular conductor arrangement, is calculated by expressing arbitrary coil sensitivities in terms of a complete set of basis functions that satisfy Maxwell's equations within the sample and performing parallel imaging reconstructions using these basis functions. The dependence of the ultimate intrinsic SNR on a variety of experimental conditions is explored and a physically intuitive explanation for the observed behavior is provided based on a comparison between the electromagnetic wavelength and the distance between aliasing points. Imaging at high field strength, with correspondingly short wavelength, is shown to offer advantages for parallel imaging beyond those already expected due to the larger available spin polarization. One-dimensional undersampling of k-space yields a steep drop in attainable SNR for more than a 5-fold reduction of scan time, while 2D undersampling permits access to much higher degrees of acceleration. Increased tissue conductivity decreases baseline SNR, but improves parallel imaging performance. A procedure is also provided for generating the optimal coil sensitivity pattern for a given acceleration, which will serve as a useful guide for future coil designs.
Design Parameters for the Cylindrical Mirror Energy Analyzer (1972)

Design parameters are presented for various geometrical arrangements of the cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer. The theory and operation of this high quality instrument are discussed and compared with an experimental device. Similar properties of a parallel plate analyzer with second order focusing are reviewed.
C‐peptide potentiates the vasoconstrictor effect of neuropeptide Y in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients (1999)

Recent findings suggest that proinsulin C-peptide improves renal and nerve function as well as microcirculation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes possibly by stimulating Na-K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, in vitro studies on proximal rat renal tubule cells show that the effect of C-peptide on Na+, K+-ATPase activity is potentiated in the presence of the vasoconstrictor peptide neuropeptide Y. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the effects of neuropeptide Y on resting forearm blood flow in insulin-dependent patients is altered in the presence of C-peptide. Forearm blood flow was measured by a plethysmographic method in eight insulin-dependent patients and six healthy control subjects. Neuropeptide Y (20, 200 and 2000 pmol min(-1)) was infused into the brachial artery before and during an i.v. infusion of C-peptide (5 pmol kg(-1) min(-1)). Basal blood flow was 36.7 +/- 2.2 mL min(-1) L(-1) tissue. It decreased in a dose dependent manner by 11 +/- 2, 18 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 3%, respectively, during infusion of neuropeptide Y. Administration of C-peptide increased basal blood flow by 25 +/- 6%, to 46.3 +/- 3.5 mL min(-1) L(-1) tissue (P < 0.01) and forearm glucose uptake by 76 +/- 34% (P < 0.05). Infusion of the three doses of neuropeptide Y during administration of C-peptide decreased forearm blood flow by 14 +/- 4, 22 +/- 3 and 42 +/- 4%. There was a significant difference (43%, P < 0.001) between the reduction in blood flow evoked by the high dose (2000 pmol min(-1)) of neuropeptide Y before and during C-peptide infusion. Similar differences were also obtained when data were calculated as changes in vascular resistance. C-peptide did not affect resting forearm blood flow or the response to neuropeptide Y in healthy controls. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that C-peptide increases resting forearm blood flow and augments the vasoconstrictor effects of neuropeptide Y in insulin-dependent patients.
Non-Viral Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Systemic Gene Silencing (2008)

New molecular biology techniques have uncovered the hidden role of genes in cancer. Identification of activated oncogenes, as fundamental genetic differences relative to normal cells, has made it possible to consider such genes as targets for antitumor therapy, namely by applying gene silencing strategies. In this regard, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs, constitute promising therapeutic tools. The widespread clinical application of such molecules as modulators of gene expression, is still dependent on several aspects that limit their bioavailability, including: enhanced biological stability, favourable pharmacokinetics, enhanced tumor cell uptake and, consequently, efficient targeted delivery. One of the most promising strategies to overcome the barriers faced by gene silencing molecules, upon systemic administration, involves the use of lipid-based nanoparticles. The first part of this review aims at providing the reader with the molecular mechanism of action of the most important gene silencing molecules used in anticancer therapy. The primary obstacle for translating gene silencing technology from an effective research tool into a feasible therapeutic strategy remains its efficient delivery to the targeted cell type in vivo . Therefore, an overview of different lipid-based strategies for nucleic acid delivery will be presented on the second part. As we learn more about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the carrier and/or of the gene silencing molecules, it will be possible to further improve the delivery strategy that likely in the future will lead to the ideal non-viral particle for targeted cancer systemic gene silencing.
Vertical Stand Transparent Light-Emitting Diode Architecture for High-Efficiency and High-Power Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

Using a transparent ZnO vertical stand as a submount, a novel Light-emitting diode architecture, which is similar to conventional lighting bulbs, was proposed. The emission power of a blue LED based on c -plane (0001) bulk GaN was increased by 14.2 and 5.1% compared with those of conventional and suspended die packages, respectively. The output power and external quantum efficiency of LEDs respectively reached 31.7 mW and 57.1% at a forward current of 20 mA under direct current conditions. The high thermal conductivity and refractive index of the transparent submount simultaneously resulted in high current operation and high external efficiency.
Reactivity of diazo ketones. IV. Reaction of .alpha.-diazo ketones with molecular oxygen (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of diazo ketones. IV. Reaction of .alpha.-diazo ketones with molecular oxygenMasanobu Tanaka, Toshikazu Nagai, and Niichiro TokuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 8, 1602–1605Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00948a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00948a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Further Studies on the Effects of Different Processing Temperatures on the Utilization of Solvent-Extracted Cottonseed Protein by Sheep (1964)

Digestibility, nitrogen-retention and growth trials were conducted to study the effects of various heat treatments upon sheep utilization of cottonseed protein. Cottonseed meal was produced by cold-hexane extraction with no heat being applied during extraction. Portions of this meal were then subjected to the following heat treatments (1) no heat, (2) autoclaved under 15 lb. steam pressure per square in. at 250° F. for 20 min., (3) for 60 min., (4) for 120 min., (5) for 180 min. and (6) for 240 min. The effect of increased autoclaving time, when fecal nitrogen loss (increased) and urinary nitrogen loss (decreased) were considered, did not differ from linearity. Nitrogen retention expressed as a function of intake, however, contained a cubic component which was caused by greatest retention for the 60-min. autoclaved meal and decreased retention with the longer autoclaving times. Autoclaving the raw cottonseed meal for 60 min. improved sheep gains and feed efficiencies significantly, when compared to the unheated meal and the meals autoclaved for 120 and 240 min.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Suicide Attempts in Mood Disorder Patients (2020)

Family and twin studies suggest that liability for suicide attempts is heritable and distinct from mood disorder susceptibility. The authors therefore examined the association between common genomewide variation and lifetime suicide attempts.
Management of Hernias and Tenckhoff Catheter Complications in CAPD (1984)

From October 1978 to December 1982, we placed 86 Tenckhoff catheters in 69 patients of whom 64 completed training and were followed on CAPD. All catheters were either straight or pigtail double-cuff Quinton type. The devices were implanted by the surgeon in the operating room under local anesthesia with direct exposure of the peritoneum. Abdominal hernias have developed in eight patients; there have been six cuff erosions; seven patients developed fluid leaks; 18 catheters were removed. Mean catheter life was 20.6::!:: 10.3 months in the 15 catheters removed because of infectious complications and 6.9::!::6.7 months in four catheters removed for non-infectious complications.