gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified method for DNA and protein staining of human hematopoietic cell samples (1981)

A rapid reproducible method yielding high resolution analysis of DNA and protein in human hematopoietic cell samples has been developed by modification of the propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate procedure. Cell staining involves sequential addition of each reagent (RNase, fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide) to ethanol-fixed cells and requires no centrifugation steps. Stained cells are analyzed in the reagent solutions. Analysis of bone marrow samples from multiple myeloma patients showed mixed normal and aneuploid populations with a major portion of the aneuploid cells having a significantly higher protein content. This approach permitted differential cell cycle analysis of normal and the aneuploid populations.
Slowing-down distances and times of 0.1- to 14-MeV neutrons in hydrogenous materials (1977)

The slowing-down distances and times of fast neutrons are calculated by extending the early work of Fermi to the case in which the neutron mean free path is energy dependent. This calculation is essentially a one-particle Monte Carlo treatment in which each path length is a mean free path and the neutron is always scattered through a scattering angle ϑ, such that cosϑ=〈cosϑ〉, the average of cosϑ in the laboratory system. The average results derived by this analytic method are shown to be in reasonable agreement with a detailed Monte Carlo computer calculation of the moderation of a 1-MeV neutron down to 40 eV in pure hydrogen. These calculations illustrate the Monte Carlo method and the broad spread in time and energy of the neutron flux resulting from an instantaneous point source in hydrogen. The results also graphically illustrate the greater penetrating distances of 14-MeV neutrons compared to 1-MeV neutrons in hydrogenous materials. Pedagogic, computer-oriented uses of this material are suggested.
Photochromism of liquid-crystal polyacrylates containing spiropyran groups (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochromism of liquid-crystal polyacrylates containing spiropyran groupsS. Yitzchaik, I. Cabrera, F. Buchholtz, and V. KrongauzCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 3, 707–713Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00205a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00205a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent advancements in combination subunit vaccine development (2016)

Viral structural proteins share a common nature of homotypic interactions that drive viral capsid formation. This natural process has been mimicked in vitro through recombinant technology to generate various virus-like particles (VLPs) and small subviral particles that exhibit similar structural and antigenic properties of their authentic viruses. Therefore, such self-assembled, polyvalent, and highly immunogenic VLPs and small subviral particles are excellent subunit vaccines against individual viruses, such as the VLP vaccines against the hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus, and hepatitis E virus, which have already been in the markets. In addition, various antigens and epitopes can be fused with VLPs, small subviral particles, or protein polymers, forming chimeric mono-, bi-, or trivalent vaccines. Owing to their easy-production, un-infectiousness, and polyvalence, the recombinant, chimeric vaccines offer a new approach for development of safe, low-cost, and high efficient subunit vaccines against a single or more pathogens or diseases. While the first VLP-based combination vaccine against malaria has been approved for human use, many others are under development with promising future, which are summarized in this commentary.
Individual assignment using microsatellite DNA reveals unambiguous breed identification in the domestic dog (2003)

Summary Modern individual clustering methods utilising hypervariable nuclear microsatellite DNA polymorphisms are being increasingly applied in the field of population genetics. This study explores the efficiency of the clustering methods in identifying the breeds of origin of 250 domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ) individuals based on 10 microsatellite loci. An allele sharing distance ( D AS ) matrix and the corresponding neighbour‐joining tree of individuals revealed monophyletic assemblages that corresponded perfectly with the breeds of origin of the dogs. Individual assignment tests using a Bayesian statistical approach, an allele frequency based method, and a D CE genetic distance based method were all extremely powerful. Most strikingly, the Bayesian method provided 100% assignment success of individuals into their correct breeds of origin and 100% exclusion success of individuals from all alternate reference populations with a high level of statistical confidence ( P < 0.0001). A Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo clustering approach revealed clear distinction of individuals into groups according to their breeds of origin, with a near‐zero level of ‘genetic admixture’ among breeds. The results demonstrate that an F ST of 0.18, mean expected gene diversity of 0.6 across 10 loci, and approximately 50 individuals per reference population suffice to provide maximum individual assignment success in C. familiaris . This refutes the traditional view that DNA based dog breed identification is not feasible at the individual level of resolution.
Streptomycetes: a new model to study cell death. (2000)

Colonies of streptomycetes are now viewed as multicellular entities containing morphologically and biochemically differentiated cell types which have specific functions and precise spatial relationships to one another. Like multicellular organisms, colony development in streptomycetes is also maintained by a tight balance between cell proliferation and cell death processes. This review describes the current state of knowledge concerning cell death in streptomycetes.
T2r+ Bacteriophage-induced Enzymes (1972)

Abstract The molecular weight of the T2r+ bacteriophage-induced deoxycytidylate deaminase was determined by sedimentation equilibrium to be 124,000 ± 1,800. Sedimentation of the enzyme in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride containing 0.1 m 2-mercaptoethanol yielded a homogeneous species with a molecular weight of 20,200 ± 100. Additional evidence that the enzyme is composed of six subunits, possibly identical, was obtained from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies before and after dimethyl suberimidate treatment and also by Sephadex G-200 chromatography. The molecular weight of the deaminase obtained by the latter procedure varied directly with the protein concentration; the lowest molecular weight approximated that of the monomer and the highest that of the hexamer. Intermediate values were considered weight average quantities resulting from the rapid equilibrium of monomer and hexamer. When deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate was included in the elution buffers, the concentration dependence of molecular weight was eliminated and only the hexamer was evident. Most of the data suggest that the hexamer is the active form of deoxycytidylate deaminase, but that conformation is also important as evidenced by the finding that 0.5 m guanidine hydrochloride can reduce the enzyme activity by 50% with little apparent change in the s20,w. Guanidine hydrochloride at concentrations of 1 m, however, effects an almost complete loss in activity accompanied by disaggregation of the enzyme protein to a form with an s20,w of 3.0. Studies on the rate and extent of deaminase reactivation following denaturation by 6 m guanidine hydrochloride reveal that the renaturation process is a complex function of many parameters.
VBR over VBR: the homogeneous, loss-free case (2002)

We consider the multiplexing of several variable bit rate (VBR) connections over one variable bit rate connection where the multiplexing uses a multiplexing buffer of size B. The VBR trunk is itself a connection and has a multidimensional connection descriptor, reflecting peak and sustainable rates. Given a cost function for the VBR trunk and a connection admission control (CAC) method for the input connections, we focus on the problem of finding the VBR trunk connection descriptor that minimizes the cost function and is able to accept set given set of VBR input connections. First, we show that, under reasonable assumptions on the cost function, the optimization problem can be reduced to a simpler one. Then we consider the homogeneous, loss-free case, for which we give an explicit CAC method. In this case, we find that, for all reasonable cost functions, the optimal VBR trunk is either of the CBR type, or is truly VBR, with a burst duration equal to the burst duration of the input connections. We show that the optimal peak cell rate is fixed for a given B (thus for a CBR trunk), and a VBR choice can only be an improvement. Lastly, we take as an example of the cost function the equivalent capacity of the VBR trunk. These results are expected to form the basis for a general method for a connection manager at a multiplexing node in an integrated services packet network.
HRG strapdown navigator (2002)

A new technology gyro, the hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG), has been developed which is ideally suited to strapdown navigation systems. The instrument offers greater reliability than current sensors due to its inherent simplicity. A fault-tolerant navigation system has been developed as a technology testbed to exhibit the instrument's capabilities. A successful flight test program of the system was completed in late 1989. This fault tolerant navigation system is configured with six independent sensor channels consisting of paired gyros and accelerometers. Each sensor channel utilizes a microprocessor, programmed in C, to control sensor readout and compensate for thermal errors. A central navigation processor, programmed in Ada, combines data from the independent sensor channels to provide redundancy management and an optimized navigation solution. A dodecahedron mounting structure for the instrument cluster provides an optimum alignment of the redundant inertial axes. Redundancy management of the sensors is accomplished by an enhanced generalized likelihood test. Key features demonstrated for the HRG navigator are rapid reaction, operation over a wide temperature range, and navigation accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An offset-canceling low-noise lock-in architecture for capacitive sensing (2003)

We describe an offset-canceling low-noise lock-in architecture for capacitive sensing. We take advantage of the properties of modulation and demodulation to separate the signal from the DC offset and use nonlinear multiplicative feedback to cancel the offset. The feedback also attenuates out-of-band noise and further enhances the power of a lock-in technique. Experimentally, in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS chip, a fabrication DC offset of 2 mV and an intentional offset of 100 mV were attenuated to 9 μV. Our offset-canceling technique could also be useful for practical multipliers that need tolerance to fabrication errors. We present a detailed theoretical noise analysis of our architecture that is confirmed by experiment. As an example application, we demonstrate the use of our architecture in a simple capacitive surface-microelectromechanical-system vibration sensor where the performance is limited by mechanical Brownian noise. However, we show that our electronics limits us to 30 μg//spl radic/Hz, which is at least six times lower than the noise floor of commercial state-of-the-art surface-micromachined inertial sensors. Our architecture could, thus, be useful in high-performance inertial sensors with low mechanical noise. In a 1-100-Hz bandwidth, our electronic detection threshold corresponds to a one-part-per-eight-million change in capacitance.
Facial Authentication System Based on Real-Time 3D Facial Imaging By Using Correlation Image Sensor (2006)

Biometrics is one hot and challenging area in computer vision, pattern recognition and real-time image sensing. Facial image recognition system based on real-time 3D facial imaging is rising and potential research direction in biometrics. We designed a facial image recognition system based on 3D real-time facial imaging by using correlation image sensor. Based on the normal vector map and intensity image obtained by three-phase correlation image sensor, the differential geometry theory was employed to find the key points of face image, according to curvature feature of facial image and these key points, the 3D facial image in different pose was corrected. The eigenface algorithm was implemented to get the authentication result. The experiments result shows that the performance for our test datasets is very satisfactory
Variable Frequency AC Motor Drive Systems (1988)

AC motors. Power switching devices. The six-step voltage source inverter for induction motors. The pulse width modulated voltage source inverter for induction motors. The six-step current source inverter drive. The six-step synchro-convertor system for synchronous motors. The current source inverter for the capacitor self-excited induction motor. The cycloconvertor. The slip energy recovery system for wound rotor induction motors.
Ice force and scour instrumentation for the White River, Vermont (2016)

Abstract : In January 1990 a bridge over the White River in White River Junction, Vermont, collapsed during a period of ice breakup. Based on the historic weather and stage data, the bridge had survived more dramatic breakups in previous winters. The ultimate failure was attributed to the progressive deterioration of the foundation due to scour. Twenty years of weather and stage data at the site are presented along with a failure scenario. Instrumentation to measure the ice forces on a bridge pier was incorporated into the design of the replacement bridge. Recognizing scour as the primary cause of failure, the new bridge piers have extensive scour protection. A pier for a bridge 2000 feet upstream of the new bridge was instrumented for scour. The objective was to develop real-time scour monitors that would survive ice and debris and allow correlation between the hydrograph and scour activity. Instrumentation and data acquisition packages for both instrumented bridge piers are presented. The results of the first two years of measurements are presented. Both winters were relatively mild, consequently the breakup loads were low. The maximum dynamic load was 26 kips, which, with a 4-foot-wide panel and 12 inches of ice translates to an ice pressure of 45 psi. The scour measurements were of extreme interest. The bulk of the scour occurred in the initial stages of breakup while the ice sheet was still intact. Apparently to compensate for the fixed ice surface, the mean velocity had to increase as the discharge increased. The faster velocity resulted in more aggressive bed scour. Once the ice sheet broke up and the ice was free floating, the scour activity subsided.
Dynamic Flexibility of Protein−Inhibitor Complexes:  A Study of the HIV-1 Protease/KNI-272 Complex (1998)

The dynamics and flexibility of protein−ligand complexes is central to understanding and predicting binding geometries and energetics. We have calculated various measures of the dynamic flexibility of a pseudo-C2-symmetric protein, HIV-1 protease, complexed with the asymmetric inhibitor KNI-272 based on molecular dynamics simulations. This system is expected to be an excellent candidate for observing asymmetric dynamics between the two monomers due to the differences in the interactions between the two monomers of the protease and the inhibitor. Experimental methods have thus far been unable to observe the expected asymmetry in this system. Our calculated results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data for the main-chain order parameters from a parallel 15N NMR study of the same inhibitor−protein complex, as well as the Debye−Waller temperature factors from X-ray crystallography. In our simulations, asymmetry between the monomers is found almost exclusively in the side-chain order parameters of the inhibitor and protease (especially residues 84A and 84B), for which experimental data are not yet available. We analyze the dynamic information obtained from the different methods and discuss protein−ligand interactions responsible for the dynamical behavior of the complex.
Iterative split-and-merge algorithm for vector quantization codebook generation (1998)

We propose a new iterative algorithm for the generation of a codebook in vector quantization. The algorithm starts with an initial code- book that is improved by a combination of merge and split operations. By merging small neighboring clusters, additional resources (codevectors) are released. These extra codevectors can be reallocated by splitting large clusters. This process can be iterated until no further improvement is achieved in the distortion of the codebook. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well in comparison to other tested methods, including the generalized Lloyd algorithm (GLA) and two hier- archical methods. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)01110-6)
A Coordination Chemistry Study of Hydrated and Solvated Cationic Vanadium Ions in Oxidation States +III, +IV, and +V in Solution and Solid State (2012)

The coordination chemistry of hydrated and solvated vanadium(III), oxovanadium(IV), and dioxovanadium(V) ions in the oxygen-donor solvents water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N'-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) has been studied in solution by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and EXAFS. The hydrated vanadium(III) ion has a regular octahedral configuration with a mean V-O bond distance of 1.99 Å. In the hydrated and DMSO-solvated oxovanadium(IV) ions, vanadium binds strongly to an oxo group at ca. 1.6 Å. The solvent molecule trans to the oxo group is very weakly bound, at ca. 2.2 Å, while the remaining four solvent molecules, with a mean V-O bond distance of 2.0 Å, form a plane slightly below the vanadium atom; the mean O═V-O(perp) bond angle is ca. 98°. In the DMPU-solvated oxovanadium(IV) ion, the space-demanding properties of the DMPU molecule leave no solvent molecule in the trans position to the oxo group, which reduces the coordination number to 5. The O═V-O bond angle is consequently much larger, 107°, and the mean V═O and V-O bond distances decrease to 1.58 and 1.97 Å, respectively. The hydrated and DMSO-solvated dioxovanadium(V) ions display a very distorted octahedral configuration with the oxo groups in the cis position with a mean V═O bond distance of 1.6 Å and a O═V═O bond angle of ca. 105°. The solvent molecules trans to the oxo groups are weakly bound, at ca. 2.2 Å, while the remaining two have bond distances of 2.02 Å. The experimental studies of the coordination chemistry of hydrated and solvated vanadium(III,IV,V) ions are complemented by summarizing previously reported crystal structures to yield a comprehensive description of the coordination chemistry of vanadium with oxygen-donor ligands.
Concepts, Strategies and the Ethnic Theory of Literature (2005)

(2005). Concepts, Strategies and the Ethnic Theory of Literature. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 31-38.
Coupling optical waveguides by tapers (1975)

The coupling of single-mode optical waveguides through the use of expanding and contracting tapers is examined theoretically. In particular, the problems of angular and transverse misalignments of an input and output taper are investigated along with the effects of the taper itself. A tradeoff is found to exist, that is, widening the guide by means of a taper leads to less critical coupling tolerances for transverse displacements, but tighter tolerances for angular misalignment. Similar considerations apply to large core singlemode fibers.
Dynamic vs. Static Flow-Sensitive Security Analysis (2010)

This paper seeks to answer fundamental questions about trade-offs between static and dynamic security analysis. It has been previously shown that flow-sensitive static information-flow analysis is a natural generalization of flow-insensitive static analysis, which allows accepting more secure programs. It has been also shown that sound purely dynamic information-flow enforcement is more permissive than static analysis in the flow-insensitive case. We argue that the step from flow-insensitive to flow-sensitive is fundamentally limited for purely dynamic information-flow controls. We prove impossibility of a sound purely dynamic information-flow monitor that accepts programs certified by a classical flow-sensitive static analysis. A side implication is impossibility of permissive dynamic instrumented security semantics for information flow, which guides us to uncover an unsound semantics from the literature. We present a general framework for hybrid mechanisms that is parameterized in the static part and in the reaction method of the enforcement (stop, suppress, or rewrite) and give security guarantees with respect to termination-insensitive noninterference for a simple language with output.
RISE: A RelIable and SEcure scheme for wireless Machine to Machine communications (2013)

Wireless Machine to Machine (M2M) communications enable ubiquitous sensing, controlling, and acting via sensors, actuators, and actors. Reliability and security are of foremost importance in wireless M2M systems. A simple, target distinguishing attack can result in M2M's failure. This paper presents a RelIable and SEcure scheme, RISE, which is a package of policies that guarantee the reliability of data (including sensor reports and actuator instructions) and devices (including sensors, actuators, and actors). The data reliability is improved by four algorithms, ChooseMedian, ChooseMost, ChooseNearest, and Trust-based Enhancement. Report attainability is improved via m repeat-sending and n multiple-reporting algorithms. Device reliability is guaranteed by device-indistinguishability, which comprises data-indistinguishability and behavior-indistinguishability. The security requirements are formally defined, and the security analysis proves the soundness and completeness of the scheme.