gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image registration and analysis for quantitative myocardial perfusion: application to dynamic circular cardiac CT (2011)

Large area detector computed tomography systems with fast rotating gantries enable volumetric dynamic cardiac perfusion studies. Prospectively, ECG-triggered acquisitions limit the data acquisition to a predefined cardiac phase and thereby reduce x-ray dose and limit motion artefacts. Even in the case of highly accurate prospective triggering and stable heart rate, spatial misalignment of the cardiac volumes acquired and reconstructed per cardiac cycle may occur due to small motion pattern variations from cycle to cycle. These misalignments reduce the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of myocardial perfusion parameters on a per voxel basis. An image-based solution to this problem is elastic 3D image registration of dynamic volume sequences with variable contrast, as it is introduced in this contribution. After circular cone-beam CT reconstruction of cardiac volumes covering large areas of the myocardial tissue, the complete series is aligned with respect to a chosen reference volume. The results of the registration process and the perfusion analysis with and without registration are evaluated quantitatively in this paper. The spatial alignment leads to improved quantification of myocardial perfusion for three different pig data sets.
Predictors of Congestive Heart Failure after Treatment with an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (2014)

In avosentan-treated patients, body weight increase, but not hemoglobin decrease, was associated with CHF development, indicating that close body weight monitoring could provide an early signal of CHF development in future trials with endothelin receptor antagonists.
Reactions of polystyryl anions with carbon dioxide and oxygen. Analysis of products by silica gel chromatography (1980)

Abstract Polystyryllithium was prepared by anionic polymerization. This “living polymer” and the polystyrylmagnesium bromide derived from it were treated with carbon dioxide (solid or gas). The highest yields of carboxylic acid were obtained when solid carbon dioxide was used with polystyryllithium or by treatment of polystyrylmagnesium bromide with gaseous carbon dioxide. The products from the reaction of polystyryllithium with oxygen were polymeric ketone X, the alcohols IXa and IXb, and coupling products (e. g., XI). The various functionalized and unfunctionalized polystyrene products were isolated by chromatography on silica gel and were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in combination with chemical transformations.
THE EFFECT OF THE CD28 ACTIVATION PATHWAY ON THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE ACTION OF CYCLOSPORINE (1991)

The effect of the CD28 activation pathway on the immunosuppressive action of CsA was assessed. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with anti-CD3, bryostatin (Bryo) a novel activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and anti-CD28 singly or in combination, to which graded doses of CsA were added to determine relative sensitivity. Proliferation, IL-2 production, and IL-2 receptor expression were assessed and the IC50 determined. Lymphocytes stimulated with Bryo exhibited a marginal proliferative response but expressed the IL-2 receptor despite the presence of CsA. Addition of anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 to Bryo-stimulated lymphocytes promoted a vigorous proliferative response. CsA effectively inhibited the proliferative response and IL-2 production induced with anti-CD3 and Bryo but did not inhibit the response of cells stimulated with anti-CD28 and Bryo. However, II-2 receptor expression in both sets of cultures were comparable due to the induction of IL-2 receptor by Bryo and was not inhibited by CsA. Costimulation of lymphocytes with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 resulted in a 2-3-fold enhancement of proliferation compared with lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 alone. Addition of CsA to lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 resulted in the dose-dependent suppression of the proliferative response and IL-2 production (IC50 = 10-25 nM) but less so for IL-2 receptor expression (IC50 = 100-150 nM). In comparison, the proliferative response and IL-2 production elicited by anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 was more resistant to the effects of CsA (IC50 = 100-200 nM). However, IL-2 receptor expression exhibited comparable sensitivity to CsA (IC50 = 100-200 nM) in the presence of anti-CD28. Combination drug:drug studies revealed that CsA and the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 were additive for both anti-CD3 and anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 response. On the other hand, the cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor H-8 was synergistic with CsA in inhibiting the response of lymphocytes to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 but only additive for responses to anti-CD3. Taken together, these data suggest that CsA inhibits T cell activation at two distinct levels, leading to inhibition of IL-2 production and inhibition of IL-2 receptor expression. Activation of the CD28 pathway partially overcomes the inhibitory activity of CsA on IL-2 production and may be mediated by indirect activation of a cGMP-dependent protein kinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Protective effect of total paeony glocoside against ischemia injury in cultured primary cortex neurons (2000)

Aim To investigate protective effects and mechanism of TPG on ischemia_like injury models. Methods Six ischemia models including hypoxia, hypoglucose, oxidant injury, calcium overload, nitric oxide neurotoxicity and excitatory amino acid injury were used to assay the anti_ischemic roles of TPG in cultured primary cortex neurons. Results It was found that TPG possessed obvious protective effects on primary neurons in injury models by the way of morphological examination. Crystal violet staining also indicated that TPG increased number of life neurons in injury models significantly. Couclusions 50～200 μg·ml-1 TPG protected rat cortex cells from all injury models effectively in vitro.
Anna Bellavitis, Famille, genre, transmission à Venise au xvie siècle. Rome, École française de Rome, 2008, Coll. de l’EFR, 408, 241 pages. (2011)

Cet ouvrage, issu d’une habilitation a diriger des recherches, propose une reflexion sur la transmission a l’interieur des familles venitiennes du xvie siecle avec le constant souci de montrer des differences de pratique entre hommes et femmes et entre milieux sociaux. Le plan adopte revele en partie le projet : la premiere partie (« Familles dans la cite ») etudie les lois qui reglementent la succession, la restitution de la dot a la veuve et l’attribution des tuteurs aux orphelins de pere e...
Effects of laser bandwidth on OPE in a modern lithography tool (2006)

The OPE signature of a lithographic stepper or scanner has become a very important characteristic of the tool, as it determines the OPC correction to be applied to reticles exposed on that tool. The signature depends on a variety of detailed information about the scanner lens and illuminator, which in turn depend on the characteristics of the illumination light from the laser. Specifically, changes in the laser bandwidth should impact OPE as the lens exhibits some chromatic aberration. Tool-to-tool differences and time fluctuation of the laser bandwidth could cause variations in OPE tool matching and stability. To assess this, a detailed study of laser bandwidth effects on OPE was performed. A sensitive spectrometer was connected to a litho laser, allowing careful measurements of both the FWHM and <i>E</i><sub>95</sub> parameters of the laser spectral profile. Lithographic modeling using the chromatic response of the lens was run in order to predict effects. Exposures of CD through pitch were made to test the modeling. Finally, the bandwidth data was correlated with litho sensitivity to create a "bandwidth effect", put in context with the other common scanner parameters affecting OPE.
A multi-energy material decomposition method for spectral CT using neural network (2018)

Spectral Computed Tomography (CT) has an advantage of providing energy spectrum information, which is valued on multi-energy material decomposition for material discrimination and accurate image reconstruction. However, due to the non-ideal physical effects of photon counting detectors (PCDs), such as charge sharing, pulse pileup and K-escape, serious spectral distortion is unavoidable in practical systems. The degraded spectrum will induce error into the decomposition model and affect the accuracy of material decomposition. Recently, artificial neural network has demonstrated great potential in the tasks of image segmentation, object detection, natural language processing, and etc. By adjusting the interconnection relationship among a large number of internal nodes, a neural network provides us a way to mine information from huge data depending on the complexity of the network system. Considering the difficulty of modeling the spectral CT system spectrum including the response function of a PCD and the superiority of data-driven characteristics of a neural network, we proposed a novel multi-energy material decomposition method using a neural network without the knowledge of spectral information. On one hand, specific linear attenuation coefficients can be obtained directly through our method. It would help further material recognition and spectral CT reconstruction. On the other hand, the network outputs show outstanding performance on image denoising and artifacts suppression. Our method can fit for different selections of training materials and different settings of imaging systems such as different number of energy bins and energy bin thresholds. According to our test results, the trained neural network has a good generalization ability.
Abstract C194: <i>In vivo</i> characterization of AMG 900, an orally active small molecule inhibitor of aurora kinases in phase 1 clinical trials (2009)

Abstract Background: The aurora family of serine-threonine kinases (Aurora-A, -B, -C) regulate cell-cycle progression in mammalian cells. Aurora kinases A and B are essential for proper chromosome congression, segregation, and cytokinesis during mitosis, whereas aurora kinase C function appears restricted to male meiosis. Aurora kinase B is responsible for the direct phosphorylation of histone H3 on serine-10 (p-histone H3). Aurora kinase A and B expression is elevated in a variety of human cancers and is associated with advanced clinical staging and poor prognosis. The emergence of aurora kinases as key mitotic regulators and their potential role in tumorigenesis has focused substantial interest in developing selective small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of human cancers. AMG 900 is a novel ATP competitive small molecule inhibitor that is highly potent and selective for aurora kinases A, B, and C. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the in vivo effects of AMG 900 by establishing a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship and profiling its antitumor activity across multiple human xenografts models using a variety of dosing schedules. Results: In nude mice, oral administration of AMG 900 inhibited phosphorylation of histone H3 in tumors and bone marrow in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The degree of p-histone H3 suppression in cells correlated with plasma drug concentrations. The effect of AMG 900 was tested in a panel of human tumor xenograft models. Oral administration of AMG 900 at 15 mg/kg BID for two consecutive days per week or 3 mg/kg BID every day inhibited tumor growth (50–97% inhibition; p ≤ 0.0044) in all nine of the xenograft models tested compared with the vehicle control group. Importantly, three of these xenograft models are resistant to paclitaxel, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. Mice treated with efficacious doses of AMG 900 showed a transient loss of body weight (0–10%) and bone marrow cellularity, consistent with its on-mechanism effects on normal proliferating cells. Since aurora kinase inhibitors are known to cause neutropenia, studies were performed to investigate the effects of prophylactic treatment of PEGylated-G-CSF (SD/02). In mice, administration of SD/02 shortened the duration of AMG 900-induced neutropenia. Conclusion: Based on these preclinical activities, AMG 900 has the potential to treat advanced cancers, including tumors resistant to standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel and docetaxel. AMG 900 is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical evaluation in patients with advanced solid tumors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C194.
Characterization of high affinity binding sites for charybdotoxin in human T lymphocytes. Evidence for association with the voltage-gated K+ channel (1991)

Charybdotoxin (ChTX) inhibits with high affinity a voltage-gated K+ channel that is present in human T lymphocytes. In this system, 125I-ChTX binds specifically and reversibly to a single class of sites which display a Kd of 8-14 pM, as measured by either equilibrium or kinetic binding protocols. The maximum density of sites, 542 sites/cell, correlates well with the density of K+ channel as determined by electrophysiological experiments. Binding of 125I-ChTX is modulated by the ionic strength of the incubation media and by Ca2+. Increasing concentrations of either K+, Na+, or Ca2+ cause inhibition of toxin binding. Inhibition of binding by Ca2+ is due, primarily, to an effect on toxin dissociation rates. Increasing the pH of the external media from 6.8 to 8.5 enhances toxin binding, due to an increase in affinity with no significant effect on the maximum density of receptor sites. Different agents that block the voltage-gated K+ channel in human T lymphocytes, inhibit toxin binding. Mitogen-stimulated T cells display 2.5-3-fold increase in toxin binding as compared with unstimulated control cells. These data, taken together, suggest that 125I-ChTX binding sites identified in this study, represent the predominant voltage-gated K+ channel present in peripheral human T lymphocytes. Therefore, 125I-ChTX is a useful probe for elucidating the physiological role of this type of K+ channel.
Hematopoietic Growth Factors: Interactions and Regulation of Production (1991)

Hematopoietic growth factors are the major regulatory molecules supporting constitutive and inducible hematopoiesis. Molecular biology techniques have led to the identification and cloning of a series of hematopoietic growth factor genes, and the synthesis of large amounts of these molecules has facilitated investigations or their physiological functions and the network of their interactions. The present article focuses on the role of hematopoietic growth factors, growth-factor-synergizing factors, and growth-factor-releasing factors in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitor cells. Cellular sources of growth factors, signal transduction pathways involved in their gene activation and transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms that govern regulation of expression of these genes are also detailed.
Lateral root formation is blocked by a gain‐of‐function mutation in the <i>SOLITARY‐ROOT/IAA14</i> gene of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2002)

Lateral root development is a post-embryonic organogenesis event that gives rise to most of the underground parts of higher plants. Auxin promotes lateral root formation, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. We have isolated a novel Arabidopsis mutant, solitary-root (slr), which has reduced sensitivity to auxin. This dominant slr-1 mutant completely lacks lateral roots, and this phenotype cannot be rescued by the application of exogenous auxin. Analysis with cell-cycle and cell-differentiation markers revealed that the slr-1 mutation blocks cell divisions of pericycle cells in lateral root initiation. The slr-1 mutant is also defective in root hair formation and in the gravitropic responses of its roots and hypocotyls. Map-based positional cloning and isolation of an intragenic suppressor mutant revealed that SLR encodes IAA14, a member of the Aux/IAA protein family. Green fluorescent protein-tagged mutant IAA14 protein was localized in the nucleus, and the gain-of-function slr-1/iaa14 mutation decreased auxin-inducible BA-GUS gene expression in the root, suggesting that SLR/IAA14 acts as a transcriptional repressor. These observations indicate that SLR/IAA14 is a key regulator in auxin-regulated growth and development, particularly in lateral root formation.
A generative statistical model for tracking multiple smooth trajectories (2011)

We present a general model for tracking smooth trajectories of multiple targets in complex data sets, where tracks potentially cross each other many times. As the number of overlapping trajectories grows, exploiting smoothness becomes increasingly important to disambiguate the association of successive points. However, in many important problems an effective parametric model for the trajectories does not exist. Hence we propose modeling trajectories as independent realizations of Gaussian processes with kernel functions which allow for arbitrary smooth motion. Our generative statistical model accounts for the data as coming from an unknown number of such processes, together with expectations for noise points and the probability that points are missing. For inference we compare two methods: A modified version of the Markov chain Monte Carlo data association (MCMCDA) method, and a Gibbs sampling method which is much simpler and faster, and gives better results by being able to search the solution space more efficiently. In both cases, we compare our results against the smoothing provided by linear dynamical systems (LDS). We test our approach on videos of birds and fish, and on 82 image sequences of pollen tubes growing in a petri dish, each with up to 60 tubes with multiple crossings. We achieve 93% accuracy on image sequences with up to ten trajectories (35 sequences) and 88% accuracy when there are more than ten (42 sequences). This performance surpasses that of using an LDS motion model, and far exceeds a simple heuristic tracker.
A data-driven analysis of capacitor bank operation at a distribution feeder using micro-PMU data (2017)

In this paper, we conduct a data-driven experimental analysis on capacitor bank switching event at a distribution grid in Riverside, CA using data from two distribution level phasor measurement units, a.k.a, μPMUs. Of particular interest was to detect the capacitor bank switching events based on feeder-level and load-level μPMUs and thus eliminating the need to install separate sensors for the switched capacitor banks. In addition, the operational parameters of capacitor bank is investigated. Moreover, the dynamic effects of capacitor bank switching events is also considered through voltage and current synchrophasor data. This paper takes a first step in using μPMU data to conducting a detailed analysis of how different voltage-levels are affected by capacitor bank switching events in distribution systems.
Clinical trial: effect of mitemcinal (a motilin agonist) on gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis – a randomized, multicentre, placebo‐controlled study (2007)

Mitemcinal is capable of accelerating gastric emptying in both diabetic and idiopathic patients with gastroparesis.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>Junction Transistors (1951)

The effects of diffusion of electrons through a thin $p$-type layer of germanium have been studied in specimens consisting of two $n$-type regions with the $p$-type region interposed. It is found that potentials applied to one $n$-type region are transmitted by diffusing electrons through the $p$-type layer although the latter is grounded through an ohmic contact. When one of the $p\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions is biased to saturation, power gain can be obtained through the device. Used as "$n\ensuremath{-}p\ensuremath{-}n$ transistors" these units will operate on currents as low as 10 microamperes and voltages as low as 0.1 volt, have power gains of 50 db, and noise figures of about 10 db at 1000 cps. Their current-voltage characteristics are in good agreement with the diffusion theory.
The Auckland keratoconus study: Identifying predictors of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus (2013)

Pacific ethnicity, history of eye-rubbing, poor VA at first hospital presentation and lack of family history were statistically associated with developing acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus in a New Zealand population. Greater understanding of such predisposing risk factors may help develop early management strategies to delay or prevent progression of this disease.
Design of Helical Poly(<i>N</i>-propargylamides) that Switch the Helix Sense with Thermal Stimuli (2004)

Copolymerization of chiral N-propargylamides, (S)-N-propargyl-2-methyldecanamide (1), and either (R)-N-propargyl-3,7-dimethyloctanamide (2) or (1S)-N-propargyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-acetamide (3) were conducted with (nbd)Rh+[η6-C6H5B-(C6H5)3] catalyst to obtain the corresponding copolymers with moderate molecular weights (Mn = 19 000−56 000) in good yields. The CD spectroscopic study showed that these two types of copolymers with various compositions formed helical structure and underwent a helix−helix transition driven by temperature change. In all cases, the optical activity became zero at certain temperatures, which depended on copolymer composition. The temperature dependence of helix sense of the copolymers allowed the determination of thermodynamic parameters. The helical structure of poly(1-co-2), which has long alkyl pendants, was affected by external stimuli more than poly(1-co-3) was. The thermodynamic parameters of helix inversion were also influenced by solvent polarity.
ジェットエンジン燃焼器出口ガス流の乱れの測定(I)-冷却フィルムプローブによる方法- (1970)

Recent trends in gas turbine engines indicate an increase in gas temperature to the turbine blades and a strong interest in cooled turbine blades. It is well known that free stream turbulence affects the nature of the flow around a body and it also affects the heat transfer rates. The present work is concerned with the turbulence in gases flowing from a gas turbine combustor. Extensive research has been made on turbulence itself and its measuring instruments. Many of these works are for isothermal flow and some studies on non isothermal flow are only for simplified conditions. One of the reasons for poor data of turbulence in hot gases is the lack of proper instruments. A recently developed instrument, the cooled film probe, should be useful in this field, and the present experiments employed this probe. A can-type combustor was designed and used for the experiments. This paper contains the description of characteristics of the combustor and the cooled film probe, as well as the results obtained for combustor performance and intensity of turbulence.