gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Environmental Complexity Promotes Recovery of Cognitive Function after Traumatic Brain Injury (1996)

This study was designed to determine whether exposure to a complex environment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) would promote the recovery of cognitive function. Rats were injured at a moderate level of fluid percussion injury (2.1 atm) or were prepared for injury but were not injured (sham injury). Immediately after the injury or sham injury, the injured/complex (n = 8) and the sham/complex (n = 7) groups were placed into a complex environment. The complex environment was a 89 x 89-cm enclosure with different types of bedding and objects that provided motor, olfactory, tactile, and visual stimulation. The injured/standard (n = 8) and the sham/standard (n = 8) groups were returned to the animal vivarium where they were housed individually in standard wire mesh cages (24 x 20 x 18 cm). On days 11-15 (postinjury), performance in the Morris water maze was assessed. Analysis of the latency to reach the goal platform indicated that injured animals recuperating in the complex environment performed significantly better than injured animals recovering in the standard environment (p < 0.01). In fact, injured animals in the complex environment performed as well as both sham-injured groups. The improved performance of injured rats recovering in the enriched environment occurred in the absence of environmentally induced alterations in brain weight. These results indicate that exposure to environmental complexity enhances recovery of cognitive function after TBI.
The chemistry of Bodipy: A new El Dorado for fluorescence tools (2007)

In the steadily expanding field of fluorescent dyes, labels and electroluminescent materials difluoroboron-dipyrromethenes play a prominent role. The review highlights recent advances made with these boron-stabilized cyanine dyes. The chemistry at the boron atom and increase of delocalization on the organic core allows one to address the problems of Stokes’ shifts, colours and emission wavelengths spanning from green to the NIR. The outcome is a diversity of molecules prepared by different strategies and exhibiting interesting and tunable spectroscopic, electrochemical and chemical properties. This perspective article describes the scope and spectroscopic attributes of this new class of fluorescent dyes amenable to applications in various disciplines.
CCR4 promotes metastasis via ERK/NF-κB/MMP13 pathway and acts downstream of TNF-α in colorectal cancer (2016)

Chemokines and chemokine receptors are causally involved in the metastasis of human malignancies. As a crucial chemokine receptor for mediating immune homeostasis, however, the role of CCR4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of CCR4 in CRC tissues was correlated with shorter overall survival and disease free survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that silencing CCR4 attenuated the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells, whereas ectopic overexpression of CCR4 contributed to the forced metastasis of these cells. We further demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) played an important role in CCR4-mediated cancer cell invasion, which is up-regulated by ERK/NF-κB signaling. Positive correlation between CCR4 and MMP13 expression was also observed in CRC tissues. Moreover, our investigations showed that the level of CCR4 could be induced by TNF-α dependent of NF-κB activation in CRC cells. CCR4 might be implicated in TNF-α-regulated cancer cells metastasis. Combination of CCR4 and TNF-α is a more powerful prognostic marker for CRC patients. These findings suggest that CCR4 facilitates metastasis through ERK/NF-κB/MMP13 signaling and acts as a downstream target of TNF-α. CCR4 inhibition may be a promising therapeutic option for suppressing CRC metastasis.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN VACUUM ARC SPRAYING (1992)

ABSTRACT Vacuum Are Spraying (VAS) represents a promising method to deposit highly pure, dense and corrosion resistant coatings of reactive materials such as titanium or tantalum. Following an introduction to the problems of vacuum arc spraying, stability criteria for the process will be examined. Moreover, a theoretical description of the arc phenomena will be undertaken. This model allows the calculation of arc length in dependence on pressure, voltage and the kind of atomizing gas, The results obtained from these calculations enable the development of a new vacuum arc spraying gun which allows stable operation down to chamber pressure of 85 hPa. The influence of two main process parameters, chamber pressure and spray distance, on the structure of titanium coatings will be examined. Moreover, roughness, hardness and gas content measurements of the titanium coatings gave information about the coating built up conditions. Optimized titanium coatings revealed no open porosity and a good corrosion resistance to HNO3 and H2SO4 Furthermore, a new concept for vacuum arc spraying with a single wire will also be introduced.
The effect of hydrothermal conditions on the mesoporous structure of TiO2 nanotubes (2004)

A systematic analysis of the influence of preparation conditions in the alkali hydrothermal synthesis on the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes is performed using HRTEM and low temperature nitrogen adsorption. The possible mechanisms of nanotube formation are reviewed and a mechanism based on the key stage of wrapping of intermediate multilayered titanate nanosheets is suggested. The driving force for wrapping is considered to be the mechanical stress arising during crystallisation/dissolution. The average diameter of the nanotubes was found to depend on the temperature and on the ratio of weight of TiO2 to the volume of sodium hydroxide solution. An increase in the temperature from 120 to 150 °C results in an increase in the average nanotube diameter. Subsequent increases in the temperature result in the formation of non-hollow TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of 75 nm, a wide distribution in diameter and a length in excess of 10 µm. The increase of the TiO2 : NaOH molar ratio results in an increase in the average diameter of nanotubes and a decrease of surface area. The average inner diameter of TiO2 nanotubes varied between 2 and 10 nm. The pore-size distribution was evaluated from TEM, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption data using the BJH method. It was shown that nitrogen adsorption is a suitable method for characterisation of the pore morphology of nanotubes.
An accelerated Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for feedforward network (2012)

This paper proposes a new Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm that is accelerated by adjusting a Jacobian matrix and a quasi-Hessian matrix. The proposed method partitions the Jacobian matrix into block matrices and employs the inverse of a partitioned matrix to find the inverse of the quasi-Hessian matrix. Our method can avoid expensive operations and save memory in calculating the inverse of the quasi-Hessian matrix. It can shorten the training time for fast convergence. In our results tested in a large application, we were able to save about 20% of the training time than other algorithms.
Localization of the Usher syndrome type ID gene (Ush1D) to chromosome 10 (1996)

The Usher syndromes (USH) are a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by progressive pigmentary retinopathy and sensorineural hearing loss. Five USH genes have been mapped and at least one additional gene is known to exist. By homozygosity mapping in a consanguineous family, a sixth USH gene has been localized. Clinical findings in the four affected children are consistent with established diagnostic criteria for Ush1. Linkage to known USH loci was excluded, and using two genomic DNA pools, one from the affected children and the other from the parents, 161 polymorphic markers evenly spaced across the autosomal human genome were screened. The location of the Ush1D gene was defined by the only region showing homozygosity by descent in the affected siblings, a 15 cM interval on chromosome 10q bounded by D10S529 and D10S573.
Evaluation of an endosseous titanium implant with a sandblasted and acid‐etched surface in the canine mandible: radiographic results (1996)

Previous studies have demonstrated in short-term experiments that sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium implant had a greater bone-to-implant contact than a titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) implant in non-oral bone. In the present study, an SLA implant was compared radiographically to a TPS implant under unloaded and loaded conditions in the canine mandible for up to 15 months. 69 implants were placed in 6 foxhounds. Standardized radiographs were taken at baseline, preload, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of loading. Loaded implants were restored with gold crowns similar to the natural dentition. Radiographic assessment of the bone response to the implants was carried out by measuring the distance between the implant shoulder and the most coronal bone-to-implant contact (DIB) and by evaluated of bone density changes using computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA). 5 different areas-of-interest (AOI) were defined coronally and apically along the implant. DIB measurements revealed that SLA implants had significantly less bone height loss (0.52 mm) than TPS implants (0.69 mm) at the preload evaluation (p = 0.0142) as well as at 3 months of loading (0.73 mm/1.06 mm; p = 0.0337). This difference was maintained between the implant types during the 1-year follow-up period. The same trend was also evident for CADIA measurements with SLA implants showing higher crestal bone density values when comparing preload to baseline data (p = 0.0890) and 3 months to baseline data (p = 0.0912). No measurable bone density changes were apparent in the apical areas of either implant. These results suggest that SLA implants are superior to TPS implants as measured radiographically in oral bone under unloaded and loaded conditions.
405: The EZC-Prostate Model: Non-Invasive Prostate Imaging in Living Mice (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004405: The EZC-Prostate Model: Non-Invasive Prostate Imaging in Living Mice Xiaoming Xie, Mamatha Seetha, Kevin M. Slawin, and David M. Spencer Xiaoming XieXiaoming Xie More articles by this author , Mamatha SeethaMamatha Seetha More articles by this author , Kevin M. SlawinKevin M. Slawin More articles by this author , and David M. SpencerDavid M. Spencer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37667-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "405: The EZC-Prostate Model: Non-Invasive Prostate Imaging in Living Mice." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 107 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 107 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Xiaoming Xie More articles by this author Mamatha Seetha More articles by this author Kevin M. Slawin More articles by this author David M. Spencer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Compromising Reflections-or-How to Read LCD Monitors around the Corner (2008)

We present a novel eavesdropping technique for spying at a distance on data that is displayed on an arbitrary computer screen, including the currently prevalent LCD monitors. Our technique exploits reflections of the screen's optical emanations in various objects that one commonly finds in close proximity to the screen and uses those reflections to recover the original screen content. Such objects include eyeglasses, tea pots, spoons, plastic bottles, and even the eye of the user. We have demonstrated that this attack can be successfully mounted to spy on even small fonts using inexpensive, off-the-shelf equipment (less than 1500 dollars) from a distance of up to 10 meters. Relying on more expensive equipment allowed us to conduct this attack from over 30 meters away, demonstrating that similar attacks are feasible from the other side of the street or from a close-by building. We additionally establish theoretical limitations of the attack; these limitations may help to estimate the risk that this attack can be successfully mounted in a given environment.
Effect of Preservative-free Artificial Eye Drop on Human Corneal Epithelial Cell<i>in vitro</i> (2010)

2 : . : Kynex , Hyalein Mini 0.3% , Refresh Plus MTT lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay , , . : MTT , . LDH
Individual Reading, A Guide fo Teaching Word Analysis Skills. Los Angeles Gramercy Press pp. 129, price not stated (1975)

"Individual Reading, A Guide fo Teaching Word Analysis Skills. Los Angeles Gramercy Press pp. 129, price not stated." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 5(2), p. 27
<title>Electro-optic holography method for determination of surface shape and deformation</title> (1998)

Current demanding engineering analysis and design applications require effective experimental methodologies for characterization of surface shape and deformation. Such characterization is of primary importance in many applications, because these quantities are related to the functionality, performance, and integrity of the objects of interest, especially in view of advances relating to concurrent engineering. In this paper, a new approach to characterization of surface shape and deformation using a simple optical setup is described. The approach consists of a fiber optic based electro-optic holography (EOH) system based on an IR, temperature tuned laser diode, a single mode fiber optic directional coupler assembly, and a video processing computer. The EOH can be arranged in multiple configurations which include, the three-camera, three- illumination, and speckle correlation modes.In particular, the three-camera mode is described, as well as a brief description of the procedures for obtaining quantitative 3D shape and deformation information. A representative application of the three-camera EOH system demonstrates the viability of the approach as an effective engineering tool. A particular feature of this system and the procedure described in this paper is that the 3D quantitative data are written to data files which can be readily interfaced to commercial CAD/CAM environments.
Identification of an operon involved in sulfolipid biosynthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1992)

Two new mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides deficient in sulfolipid accumulation were isolated by directly screening mutagenized cell lines for polar lipid composition by thin-layer chromatography of lipid extracts. A genomic clone which complemented the mutations in these two lines, but not the previously described sulfolipid-deficient sqdA mutant, was identified. Sequence analysis of the relevant region of the clone revealed three, in tandem open reading frames, designated sqdB, ORF2, and sqdC. One of the mutants was complemented by the sqdB gene, and the other was complemented by the sqdC gene. Insertional inactivation of sqdB also inactivated sqdC, indicating that sqdB and sqdC are cotranscribed. The N-terminal region of the 46-kDa putative protein encoded by the sqdB gene showed slight homology to UDP-glucose epimerase from various organisms. The 30-kDa putative protein encoded by ORF2 showed very striking homology to rabbit muscle glycogenin, a UDP-glucose utilizing, autoglycosylating glycosyltransferase. The 26-kDa putative protein encoded by the sqdC gene was not homologous to any protein of known function.
Biometrics-Based Secret Key Agreement by Public Discussion with RFID System (2014)

Cryptographic keys based on biometrics, besides offering information security and privacy, have the advantage of being strongly linked to the user. Three main techniques use biometric data to obtain cryptographic keys: cryptographic key release, cryptographic key generation and cryptographic key regeneration. The main objectives of these schemes are to ensure revocability and produce keys with high entropy. In this work, we propose a new technique for secret key agreement based on biometrics. Three security factors are used, represented by an iris code, an RFID tag and a password. The use of the protocol for reconciliation between the RFID reader and tag enables the agreement of a symmetric key with high entropy by discarding all the mismatching bits present in genuine samples, while it fails to do so for impostors that are therefore rejected. A new secret key is agreed after every positive authentication, increasing the security of the system. The system was evaluated on the public database ICE2005 and obtained a 270 binary digit cryptographic key with estimated entropy of about 156 bits at 0% False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and 3.68% False Rejection Rate (FRR).
Cellular membrane permeability of anthracyclines does not correlate with their delivery in a tissue-isolated tumor. (1999)

The clearance of anthracyclines from the vasculature was studied in perfused tissue-isolated tumors. Human tumor lines MCF-7, U87, and LS174T were implanted in the ovarian fat pad of immune-deficient mice and grown isolated from the surrounding tissue. The initial and continuous tissue uptakes of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and idarubicin were measured. The clearance of these anthracyclines from the perfused vasculature of the tissue-isolated tumor was calculated using BSA as an intravascular marker. The measured clearances ranged from 50-200 microl/min/g tumor tissue, and the fractional clearances were between 0.30 and 0.70. On the basis of the in vitro cellular uptake rates of the anthracyclines, we expected a higher clearance of idarubicin than of doxorubicin. No significant differences were found among the clearances of the anthracyclines or among the tumor lines. The observed similarities in clearance of the anthracyclines was largely explained by differences in their protein binding and tissue diffusion gradients.
Joint training of front-end and back-end deep neural networks for robust speech recognition (2015)

Based on the recently proposed speech pre-processing front-end with deep neural networks (DNNs), we first investigate different feature mapping directly from noisy speech via DNN for robust speech recognition. Next, we propose to jointly train a single DNN for both feature mapping and acoustic modeling. In the end, we show that the word error rate (WER) of the jointly trained system could be significantly reduced by the fusion of multiple DNN pre-processing systems which implies that features obtained from different domains of the DNN-enhanced speech signals are strongly complementary. Testing on the Aurora4 noisy speech recognition task our best system with multi-condition training can achieves an average WER of 10.3%, yielding a relative reduction of 16.3% over our previous DNN pre-processing only system with a WER of 12.3%. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the best published result on the Aurora4 task without using any adaptation techniques.
The influence of selenium and neuroleptics on the rat brain nuclear regulatory mechanism in carcinogenesis. (1998)

The potential clinical benefit of the antitumor effect of selenium (Se) has recently been confirmed in tumor-bearing animals and human tumor cells in culture. In clinical medicine, the reduced incidence of cancer among schizophrenic patients was attributed to neuroleptic medication. However, there has been little information on the effect of Se, carcinogen, and neuroleptic on the brain cells. This investigation was carried out on the brains of male Wistar rats treated with inorganic Se, 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, and chlorpromazine. Chromatin was prepared and purified from isolated brain cell nuclei. Various protein species (histones and nonhistone proteins), RNA, and DNA were extracted by different extraction procedures. A higher relative content of nonhistone proteins was found in the group of animals treated with Se alone, carcinogen alone, and Se plus carcinogen administered simultaneously when compared with other experimental and control groups. The ratio of nonhistone proteins and histones of < 1.0 in the group of animals treated with neuroleptic + carcinogen or with neuroleptic indicates a lower content of nonhistone proteins when compared to histones. We obtained a more pronounced susceptibility to degradation by DNase I in the group of animals treated with neuroleptic + carcinogen or with neuroleptic compared to chromatin in the animals treated with carcinogen alone. We conclude that neuroleptic increases protein synthesis, as well as chromatin susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, thus achieving an opposite effect of carcinogen.
Control Strategy for Zero-Voltage-Switching Multi-Resonant Three-Level Converters (2006)

Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant three-level converters have some advantages such as reduced the voltage stress of the switches and diodes; ZVS achieved in a wider range and significantly reduced filter. They use the interleaved PFM control strategy. This paper presents the implementation of the interleaved PFM control strategy. Due to slight differences between the control circuits and drive circuits of the switches, there is slight difference between the duty cycles of the two switches, which results in the voltage of flying capacitor is not equal to the half of the input voltage. This paper proposes voltage control of the flying capacitor, which adjusts turn-off time of the switches, to ensure the voltage of flying capacitor equal to the half of the input voltage. The experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods
XL-184, a MET, VEGFR-2 and RET kinase inhibitor for the treatment of thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and NSCLC. (2010)

XL-184 (BMS-907351), under development by Exelixis Inc and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, is a pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of medullary thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and NSCLC. The prinicipal targets of XL-184 are MET, VEGFR-2 and RET, but the drug is also reported to display inhibitory activity against KIT, FLT3 and TEK. Preclinical studies demonstrated that XL-184 potently inhibited multiple receptor tyrosine kinases in various cancer cell lines and animal xenograft models, and that the drug exhibited significant oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration. A phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid malignancies indicated that XL-184 accumulated dose-dependently in the plasma and had a long terminal half-life. A phase II trial in patients with progressive or recurrent glioblastoma revealed modest but promising median progression-free survival. Toxicity and side effects for the drug have generally been of low-to-moderate severity. At the time of publication, three additional trials of XL-184 were recruiting patients, including a phase I trial in combination with standard of care in patients with glioblastoma, a phase I/II trial in combination with erlotinib in patients with NSCLC, and a phase III trial in patients with medullary thyroid cancer.
Multinuclear NMR studies of naturally occurring nuclei. (1984)

The ability to obtain nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from spatially localized regions of living animals and patients has led to the possibility of measuring biochemical processes in vivo. Localization is generally achieved through the use of surface coils. Using this technique, intracellular pH, and concentrations of high-energy phosphates and "abnormal" marker compounds have been measured in animal organs (both in vitro and in vivo) and in human brain and muscle (in vivo). The majority of studies have used the P-31 nucleus, but carbon (C-13) and hydrogen (H-1) have also been studied. However, both C-13 and H-1 experiments have technical difficulties. Carbon-13 has a low natural abundance, and H-1-containing metabolites may have their signals obscured by the large water peak. The phosphorus studies have been largely preclinical, but diagnostic possibilities are appearing from the many research problems now under investigation.