gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding daily car use: Driving habits, motives, attitudes, and norms across trip purposes (2019)

This paper presents a classification of motives considered as relevant when selecting a mode of transport, and it examines the relative importance of driving habits, car attitudes, descriptive norms and motives for transport mode choices for commuting, shopping, leisure and child-related trips. A survey was sent by post to 3000 Swedish residents in metropolitan, semi-rural and rural areas (with a response rate of 34.6%). Through an ordinal factor analysis, three classes of motives were extracted: Perceived outcomes, Symbolic and Instrumental motives. Hierarchical proportional odds logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression models assess the relative importance of socio-demographic variables, motives, descriptive norms, car attitudes and driving habits for each kind of trip. These models indicate that the impact of socio-demographic and psychological variables varies across trip purposes. Commuting and child- related trips were primarily predicted by socio-demographic variables. Leisure and shopping trips were mostly predicted by driving habit. Driving habit was a common and strong predictor among all trip purposes. These results are evidence of the power of script-based trips to generate habitual travel behaviours across different trip purposes. Conclusions are made in the light of the usefulness of these results to practitioners and researchers who aim to foster sustainable transportation and to reduce private car use.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in NdCo/TM multilayered films (1990)

The magnetic and magnetooptic properties of NdCo/Co and NdCo/Fe multilayers are investigated. A perpendicular anisotropy in NdCo/Co multilayers increased when the bilayer thickness was decreased, but it was not sufficient to achieve perpendicular magnetization. However, a perpendicular magnetization state could be realized in NdCo/Fe multilayers. Kerr rotation of NdCo/Fe multilayers is larger than 0.4 degrees at the wavelength of 400 nm, but it decreases with decreasing film thickness. Exchange-coupled pseudobilayer structures consisting of NdCo/Fe multilayer and a TbFeCo layer were prepared to improve the characteristics for the recording media.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SYST-13 PHASE II STUDY OF THE COMBINATION OF LIPOSOMAL IRINOTECAN AND PEMBROLIZUMAB FOR TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER (TNBC) WITH BRAIN METASTASES (BM) (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers associated with brain metastases (BM). Up to 50% of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop BM which portends a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 4.4-7.3 months. There is a lack of effective systemic therapy. Irinotecan is a topoisomerase-1 inhibitor with a response rate of 5-23% in advanced breast cancer. Nal-IRI is an intravenous liposomal formulation of irinotecan, with greater efficacy in tumor growth inhibition and the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) than irinotecan, resulting in a prolonged survival in preclinical TNBC BM models. Additionally, Nal-IRI has demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity in patients with TNBC- BM in a phase-I trial (NCT01770353). Pembrolizumab is a humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody which has shown efficacy in TNBC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the combination of Nal-IRI and pembrolizumab can provide a synergic effect to control the CNS disease and prolong survival in TNBC with progressive BM. METHODS This is a phase II, single arm trial with a safety lead-in to evaluate the efficacy of nal-IRI (50-70mg/m2 IV Q2W) in combination with pembrolizumab (400mg IV Q6W). Simon’s 2-stage design is used, with 18 patients in the 1st stage and additional 24 at 2nd stage for a total of 42. The first 6 patients will serve as a safety lead-in. Key eligibilities include: histologically/cytologically confirmed TNBC with new or progressive BM; prior immunotherapy is allowed but not prior nal-IRI/irinotecan; prior sacituzumab-govitecan is permitted if disease stable for ≥16-week while on therapy and ≥24-week washout prior to starting trial; measurable disease; and ≤4 prior lines of therapy in the metastatic setting. The primary endpoint is CNS disease control rate (DCR) at 6 months using RANO-BM criteria. Secondary endpoints include CNS and non-CNS ORR, PFS and OS. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05255666)
A Time-Domain SAR Smart Temperature Sensor With Curvature Compensation and a 3σ Inaccuracy of −0.4°C ∼ +0.6°C Over a 0°C to 90°C Range (2010)

This paper describes a time-domain temperature sensor based on a successive approximation algorithm. Without using any bipolar transistor, a temperature sensor composed of a temperature-dependent delay line (TDDL) is utilized to generate a delay proportional to the measured temperature. A binary-weighted adjustable reference delay line (ARDL) is adopted with an effective delay varied by a SAR control logic to approximate the TDDL delay for output coding. For linearity enhancement, a curvature compensation between both delay lines is invented to achieve the best ever accuracy among inverter-delay-based smart temperature sensors. With two-point calibration, a -0.4°C ˜ +0.6°C inaccuracy (3σ) over a 0°C ˜ 90°C temperature operation range has been measured for 23 test chips. With 10 output bits, the proposed sensor achieves a resolution better than 0.1°C and a chip area of 0.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a TSMC 0.35-μm standard digital CMOS process. The sensor's average current consumption is 11.1 μA at a conversion rate of 2 samples/s.
Modem/radio IC architectures for ISM band wireless applications (1993)

pi /4-DQPSK (differential quadrature phase shift keying) and F-QPSK modem/radio IC architectures are presented for unlicensed consumer electronics applications in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands under FCC Part 15. An all-digital pi /4-DQPSK modulator design, which is the new US digital cellular standard, provides significant size and current drain reduction over conventional DSP-based techniques. The low-cost F-QPSK modem/radio architecture offers higher power efficiency as well as higher spectral efficiency. Detailed circuits and design aspects are presented. The performance of each scheme employed in an intelligent frequency-hopping system is evaluated for a Rayleigh-fading/AWGN environment. Experimental results and computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed modem/radio architectures have both power and spectral advantages for the ISM band wireless applications. With the intelligent frequency-hopping scheme, the BER (bit error rate) performance can be improved by 5-10 dB as compared to conventional QPSK systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adhesion of addition-reaction type silicone elastomers (1989)

—The adhesion mechanism of addition-reaction type silicone elastomers to various substrates was studied. The role of adhesion promoters and the effect of varying the type of silane functional crosslinker were determined using a novel test method. It is suggested that adhesion promoters need to have functionalities reative with both substrates and polymer networks in order to achieve good adhesion. The type of silane functional crosslinker affected the adhesion dramatically. The mechanism of adhesion obtained by treatment of substrates with SiH siloxanes was also studied, and hydrogen gas evolution was found to have a correlation with adhesion strength. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to obtain the depth profile of Si in the substrate.
PIANA: protein interactions and network analysis (2006)

PIANA is under the GNU GPL. Source code, database and detailed documentation may be freely downloaded from http://sbi.imim.es/piana.
Toughening Behavior of Silicon Carbide with Additions of Yttria and Alumina (1990)

The fracture‐toughness‐determining mechanism of silicon carbide with additions of yttria and alumina was studied. Observations of indentation crack profiles revealed that significant crack deflection had occurred. Median deflection angles increased with increased volume fractions of the second phases, which was accompanied by increased fracture toughness.
Biotinylated probes for epidemiological studies of drug resistance in <i>Salmonella krefeld</i> (1990)

A gene probe for ampicillin resistance and one for sulphonamide resistance were prepared to study the origin and the relation of multiple drug resistances in Salmonella krefeld. The resistance genes were cloned into the pACYC184 vector of Escherichia coli from a common plasmid of S. krefeld that encoded for resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulphonamide and tetracycline resistance. Restriction map analysis and deletion analysis of a recombinant plasmid (pACSS1) showed that the gene determining ampicillin resistance was located on a 1.34 and 1.12 kb PstI fragment, and that the gene for sulphonamide resistance was located on a 0.85 kb PstI fragment. These fragments were used as probes. Their specificity was tested by colony hybridization with various bacterial species, including sensitive and resistance S. krefeld isolates. Further study indicated that the ampicillin resistance gene probe reacted with the gene for TEM-1 beta-lactamase and that the gene probe for sulphonamide resistance reacted with the gene for type II dihydropteroate synthase. The two probes were sufficiently specific to allow study of the epidemiology of resistance in S. krefeld and other enteric bacteria.
Optical manipulation of nanoparticles: a review (2008)

Optical trapping is an established field for movement of micron-size objects and cells. However, trapping of metal nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods and molecules has received little attention. Nanoparticles are more challenging to optically trap and they offer ample new phenomena to explore, for example the plasmon resonance. Resonance and size effects have an impact upon trapping forces that causes nanoparticle trapping to differ from micromanipulation of larger micron-sized objects. There are numerous theoretical approaches to calculate optical forces exerted on trapped nanoparticles. Their combination and comparison gives the reader deeper understanding of the physical processes in an optical trap. A close look into the key experiments to date demonstrates the feasibility of trapping and provides a grasp of the enormous possibilities that remain to be explored. When constructing a single-beam optical trap, particular emphasis has to be placed on the choice of imaging for the trapping and confinement of nanoparticles.
Differentiating neural responses to emotional pictures: Evidence from temporal‐spatial PCA (2009)

Consistent with the notion that emotional stimuli receive preferential attention and perceptual processing, many event-related potential (ERP) components appear sensitive to emotional stimuli. In an effort to differentiate components that are sensitive to emotional versus neutral stimuli, the current study utilized temporospatial principal components analysis to analyze ERPs from a large sample (N=82) while pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images were passively viewed. Several factors sensitive to emotional stimuli were identified-corresponding to the N1, early posterior negativity (EPN), and P3; multiple factors resembling the late positive potential (LPP) emerged. Results indicate that the N1 represents the earliest component modulated by emotional stimuli; the EPN and the LPP represent unique components; the scalp-recorded LPP appears to include a P3-like positivity as well as additional positivities at occipital and central recording sites.
Intraocular injection of ceftazidime. Effects of inflammation and surgery. (1995)

Vitrectomy and lensectomy significantly shorten the half-life of ceftazidime after intravitreal injection. Inflammation increases clearance to a small degree in phakic and aphakic eyes.
Error-correction techniques and adaptive linearization in SDH radio (1993)

In high capacity digital radio-relay systems (DRRSs) it is necessary to make use of complex modulation schemes (e.g. 32-, 64-, 128-, 256- or even 512-QAM) to achieve desired spectral efficiency. These modulation schemes are particularly sensitive to many types of impairments and their use requires sophisticated techniques to deal with some of them. The article describes two countermeasures used to improve performances and to face problems related to noise and nonlinear distortions, respectively. It refers to a SDH DRRS, which uses 128-QAM modulation to carry a STM-1 payload in frequency bands with 28 to 30 MHz channel spacing.
<title>Performance characteristics of active constrained-layer damping</title> (1994)

Theoretical and experimental performance characteristics of the new class of actively controlled constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment are presented. The ACLD under consideration consists of a visco-elastic damping layer which is sandwiched between two piezo-electric layers. The three-layer composite ACLD when bonded to a vibrating structure acts as a SMART constraining layer damping treatment with built-in sensing and actuation capabilities. Particular emphasis is placed on studying the performance of ACLD treatments that are provided with sensing layers of different spatial distributions. The effect of the modal weighting characteristics of these sensing layers on the broad band attenuation of the vibration of beams that are fully treated with the ACLD is presented theoretically and experimentally. The equations governing the operation of ACLD treatments with modally shaped sensors are presented. The theoretical predictions of the model are compared with the experimental performance of a computer-controlled beam treated with Dyad 606 visco-elastic layer sandwiched between two layers of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezo-electric films. Comparisons with the performance of conventional passive constrained layer damping are also presented.
CNN Based Learning Using Reflection and Retinex Models for Intrinsic Image Decomposition (2018)

Most of the traditional work on intrinsic image decomposition rely on deriving priors about scene characteristics. On the other hand, recent research use deep learning models as in-and-out black box and do not consider the well-established, traditional image formation process as the basis of their intrinsic learning process. As a consequence, although current deep learning approaches show superior performance when considering quantitative benchmark results, traditional approaches are still dominant in achieving high qualitative results. In this paper, the aim is to exploit the best of the two worlds. A method is proposed that (1) is empowered by deep learning capabilities, (2) considers a physics-based reflection model to steer the learning process, and (3) exploits the traditional approach to obtain intrinsic images by exploiting reflectance and shading gradient information. The proposed model is fast to compute and allows for the integration of all intrinsic components. To train the new model, an object centered large-scale datasets with intrinsic ground-truth images are created. The evaluation results demonstrate that the new model outperforms existing methods. Visual inspection shows that the image formation loss function augments color reproduction and the use of gradient information produces sharper edges. Datasets, models and higher resolution images are available at https://ivi.fnwi.uva.nl/cv/retinet.
Identification of Minor Sex Pheromone Components of the Poplar Clearwing Moth Paranthrene tabaniformis (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) (2007)

A chemical analysis of the crude sex pheromone gland extracts of virgin calling Paranthrene tabaniformis females, obtained from the European part of Kazakhstan, revealed the presence of five compounds: (3E,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (E3,Z13-18:OH), (3Z,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (Z3,Z13-18:OH), (2E,13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dien-1-ol (E2,Z13-18:OH), (13Z)-octadec-13-en-1-ol (Z13-18:OH), and octadecan-1-ol (18:OH) at the ratios 64.0:32.4: 1.4:0.9:1.3, which are structurally related to sex pheromone components of clearwing moths. Our previous field tests showed synergistic effects of Z3,Z13-18:OH and E2,Z13-18:OH to attract P. tabaniformis males, when these compounds were tested in binary mixtures with the known sex pheromone E3,Z13-18:OH. The three dienic alcohols should all be considered as sex pheromone components of the P. tabaniformis species, while the role of Z13-18:OH and 18:OH remained unclear.
Inhibition of multiplication of influenza virus by tannic acid. (1948)

SummaryTannic acid inhibits both hemagglutination and multiplication of influenza A virus. In vitro, the virus is inactivated by tannic acid.
Analysis of the Mouse CSF-1 Gene Promoter in a Transgenic Mouse Model<sup>1</sup> (2003)

CSF-1 stimulates monocyte and osteoclast populations. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating CSF-1 gene expression are unclear. To identify regulatory regions that control normal CSF-1 gene expression, a -774/+183-bp fragment of the murine CSF-1 promoter was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional activity was high in cultured osteoblasts that express CSF-1 mRNA compared to ARH-77 B cells that lack CSF-1 gene expression. Transient transfection of osteoblasts with promoter deletion constructs showed that the -774-bp fragment conferred the highest transcriptional activity and contained activator and repressor sequences. To assess the ability of the CSF-1 promoter to confer normal tissue expression of CSF-1, transgenic mice containing the -774/+183-bp region driving the E. coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter gene were generated. beta-Gal analysis of whole tissue extracts showed transgene expression in all tissues tested except liver and kidney. At the cellular level, the pattern of beta-gal expression in the spleen, thymus, bone, lung, and testes of adult transgenic mice mimicked normal endogenous CSF-1 mRNA expression in non-transgenic littermates detected by in situ hybridization. This region also directed appropriate transgene expression to sites in other tissues known to synthesize CSF-1, with the exception of the liver and kidney. These findings indicate that the -774-bp fragment contains cis-acting elements sufficient to direct CSF-1 gene expression in many tissues. CSF-1 promoter/lacZ mice may be useful for studying the transcriptional mechanisms involved in regulating CSF-1 gene expression in tissues throughout development.
A pilot study of orlistat treatment in obese, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis patients (2004)

Orlistat therapy and dietary counselling were associated with significant decreases in body weight, haemoglobin A1c, ALT and AST. A 10% or greater reduction in weight improved steatosis and fibrosis as well as haemoglobin A1c levels in the majority of patients treated for 6 months. Controlled trials of longer duration are warranted to assess for histopathologic improvement as well as cost-efficacy in comparison to diet and exercise alone.
Review of the Incurvaria vetulella species-group in the Alps (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae) (1993)

Abstract Huemer, P.: Review of the Incurvaria vetulella species-group in the Alps (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae). Ent. scand. 24: 109-120. Copenhagen, Denmark. April 1993. ISSN 0013-8711. The Incurvaria vetulella species-group in the Alps is defined and reviewed. The following species are recognized: vetulella (Zetterstedt, 1839) (eastern Alps), triglavensis Hauder, 1912 stat. n. (southeastern Alps) and ploessli sp. n. (southwestern Alps). All species are described and/or redefined and adults, male and female genitalia are illustrated. Furthermore, Scandinavian specimens of vetulella and circulella (Zetterstedt, 1839) are illustrated for comparison. The considerable external variation between various alpine populations of vetulella is discussed and regarded as infraspecific. A lectotype of triglavensis is designated.
Soma-germline asymmetry in the distributions of embryonic RNAs in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1994)

Early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by a series of unequal cleavages that mark the stepwise separation of somatic and germ lineages. We have developed an in situ hybridization protocol to examine the localization of specific maternal and embryonically transcribed messenger RNAs during these early cleavages. We detected three classes of maternal RNAs: RNAs that are maintained in all cells, RNAs that are maintained in germline cells but are lost from somatic cells, and a population of RNAs that are associated with the germline-specific P granules. We observed embryonically transcribed RNAs in somatic cells as early as the 4-cell stage. These transcripts were not detected in germline cells. These observations suggest that mechanisms which distinguish between soma and germline cause asymmetries in mRNA stability and transcription within the first few cleavages of C. elegans embryogenesis.
Dissipation in Ultrahigh Quality Factor SiN Membrane Resonators (2014)

We study the mechanical properties of stoichiometric SiN resonators through a combination of spectroscopic and interferometric imaging techniques. At room temperature, we demonstrate ultrahigh quality factors of 5×107 and a f×Q product of 1×1014 Hz. To our knowledge, these correspond to the largest values yet reported for mesoscopic flexural resonators. Through a comprehensive study of the limiting dissipation mechanisms as a function of resonator and substrate geometry, we identify radiation loss through the supporting substrate as the dominant loss process. In addition to pointing the way towards higher quality factors through optimized substrate designs, our work realizes an enabling platform for the observation and control of quantum behavior in a macroscopic mechanical system.
Pharmacodynamic effects of antibiotics and antibiotic combinations on growing and nongrowing Staphylococcus epidermidis cells (1997)

The pharmacodynamic effects of amikacin, imipenem, ofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin were studied on the slime-producing, oxacillin-resistant strain Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 growing in Mueller Hinton broth or, in order to inhibit growth, incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. The investigated parameters were postantibiotic effect (PAE) and control-related effective regrowth time (CERT), which were determined by bioluminescence assay of bacterial ATP. PAE describes the delayed regrowth after drug removal, and CERT describes the combined effects of initial change in bacterial density during antibiotic exposure and delayed regrowth after drug removal. In growth cultures, PAE and CERT were drug concentration dependent for all antibiotics. The length of the PAE and CERT in the growing cultures were as follows: ofloxacin > rifampin > amikacin > vancomycin > imipenem. Imipenem combined with amikacin and vancomycin, respectively, induced a synergistic effect against growing cultures. In nongrowing cultures rifampin was the only drug that induced strong concentration-dependent effects. The combination of drugs induced no synergistic effects against nongrowing bacteria.
A Method for Detecting ancd Eliminating Feature Interactions Using ai Frame Model (1995)

This paper proposes a! method for detecting and eliminating feature interaction using a frame model. In the model construction, each specification is mapped onto the frame and analyzed. A detection method is proposed for three types of interaction, exclusive, connective and recursive. Detected interaction is automatically eliminated in the design process. Using frames to express the organization and relationships of various items of knowledge, our method can detect and eliminate feature interaction according to the designer's requirements. It should be possible to add new specipcations without consideration of the existing specifications or prograni organization.
Ilizarov bone transport and treatment of critical-sized tibial bone defects: a narrative review (2019)

V.