gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallkomplexe mit Tetrapyrrol‐Liganden, XLVIII. Vilsmeier‐Formylierung von Metallporphyrinen mit Co<sup>II</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup>, Pd<sup>II</sup>, Pt<sup>II</sup>, Cu<sup>II</sup>, Zn<sup>II</sup>, Co<sup>III</sup>, Cr<sup>III</sup>, Mn<sup>III</sup>, Fe<sup>III</sup>, Al<sup>III</sup>, Si<sup>IV</sup> und Pt<sup>IV</sup> in Abhängigkeit vom Zentralmetall (1988)

Abstract Die Vilsmeier‐Formylierung der Tetra‐ p ‐tolylporphyrin‐Komplexe M(TTP), M(TTP)LL′ und M(TTP)L [M = Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu ( 2B–2F ); MLL′ = CoCl(Py) ( 2Ba ); ML = CrCl ( 2Hb ), MnOMe ( 2Ic ), FeCl ( 2Kb ), AlOH ( 2Ld )] liefert die 2‐Formylderivate 5B–5F, 5Bh, 5Hh, 5Ii, 5Kb und 5Lg . Die Geschwindigkeit der Formylierung sinkt normalerweise mit der Oxidationszahl des Zentralmetall‐Ions in der Reihe M II > M III > M IV , da in gleicher Weise die negative Netto‐Ladung des Porphyrin‐Liganden fällt, und ebenso in der Serie Ni II > Cu II > Pd II > Pt II , da die Polarität der M – N‐Bindung entsprechend sinkt. Am schnellsten werden unerwartet die Porphyrin‐Komplexe von Al III , Co III und Cr III formyliert. Dies wird auf die Bildung anionoider Porphyrin‐Komplexe in Gegenwart des Vilsmeier‐Reagens zurückgeführt. Metallfreie Porphyrine, wie H 2 (TTP‐CHO) ( 5A ) und das Cyano‐Derivat H 2 (TTP‐CN) ( 9A ), sind durch Entmetallierung der jeweiligen Eisen‐Komplexe 2Kb bzw. 9Kb zugänglich.
Ellipsometry investigation of the amorphous-to-microcrystalline transition in a-Si:H under hydrogen-plasma treatment (2010)

We have investigated by ellipsometry the structural evolution of intrinsic and doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films during their exposure to a hydrogen plasma in conditions of chemical transport. The real-time kinetic ellipsometry trajectory at 4.2 eV allowed a precise determination of the amorphous-to-microcrystalline (a→μc) phase transition time. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry spectra were collected at both sides of the transition to identify the hydrogen induced changes in the film structure and its time evolution under hydrogen-plasma exposure. The whole ellipsometry diagnostics reveal that, while intrinsic and phosphorus-doped a-Si:H present a similar trend during the plasma treatment, boron-doped a-Si:H differs by the following special features: (i) a rapid formation of the hydrogen-rich subsurface layer with a high hydrogen excess. (ii) An early amorphous-to-microcrystalline phase transition. (iii) A less porous and small-grains formed transition layer. Such a particular behavior of the p-type material is attributed to the effects of boron which, on the one hand, reduces the etching rate by hindering the formation of volatile species such as SiH4 and, on the other hand, promotes quick and repeated nucleation of nanoparticles and/or crystallites which contribute to the growth film.
Anodic Oxidation of Polyhydric Alcohols on a Pt Electrode in Alkaline Solution (2002)

The electrochemical oxidation of various polyhydric alcohols, ethylene glycol, glycerol, meso-erythoritol, and xylitol, on a platinum electrode was investigated systemematically in acidic H2SO4, and in alkaline KOH and K2CO3 solutions to evaluate the potential of these polyhydric alcohols as fuels in micro-fuel cells for portable electronic devices. All polyhydric alcohols tested in the present study showed high reactivities in both alkaline solutions. Ethylene glycol showed the highest reactivity. Although the reactivity of ethylene glycol was lower in K2CO3 than in KOH, the carbonate solution is a potential candidate as an electrolyte solution due to its resistance to solution carbonation. Furthermore, ethylene glycol showed much less significant electrode poisoning by adsorbed CO upon oxidation in alkaline solution.
Evaluation of the Phadebact Gonococcus Test for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1980)

Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae grown on Thayer-Martin medium and media with and without serum were examined by the Phadebact Gonococcus Test. By using the direct method, in which colonies from growth media were mixed directly with the reagents on a microscope slide, Thayer-Martin medium, contrary to the manufacturer's claim, was not found to be the medium giving best results, and presence or absence of serum in the media did not affect the results. A large number of inconclusive results were obtained. A modification of the alternative procedure, which uses a heated suspension of the gonococcal cells as the antigen, is described. Of the 432 strains of N. gonorrhoeae examined by this method, 427 were accurately identified. Five strains, however, gave false-negative results. None of the 80 strains of N. meningitidis gave positive results. Nine of nineteen strains of N. lactamica, however, gave clear-cut positive results. Use of the o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside test in conjunction with the Phadebact Gonococcus Test, particularly on isolates from the pharynx, is recommended.
HEMATOLOGY: ISSUES IN THE DIALYSIS PATIENT: Anticoagulation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (2006)

ABSTRACT More than half of patients with acute renal failure in the intensive care unit require dialysis, and the majority of them have significant hemodynamic instability. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often the preferred dialysis modality in these patients. One requirement for CRRT is anticoagulation, which can expose patients to the risk of bleeding. However, absence of effective anticoagulation may result in clotting of the CRRT circuit and subsequently less effective treatment. While heparins are widely used for anticoagulation, because of potential side effects such as bleeding and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, alternative anticoagulation protocols should be considered. Citrate anticoagulation, regional heparin/protamine, predilution, r‐hirudin, prostacyclin, and nafamostat are among these methods.
Hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli. Partial purification and properties. (1988)

Hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, DEAE-cellulose, and phosphocellulose P-11 columns. Analysis of the enzymatic reaction products was carried out on a minicolumn of DEAE-cellulose and/or by paper chromatography, by following the release of the free base [3H]hypoxanthine from [3H]dIMP-containing phi X174 DNA. In native conditions, the enzyme has a molecular mass of 60 +/- 4 kDa, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and Sephacryl S-200 columns. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed a major polypeptide band of an apparent molecular mass of 56 kDa, and glycerol gradient centrifugation indicated a sedimentation coefficient of 4.0 S. Hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase from E. coli has an obligatory requirement for Mg2+ and is totally inhibited in the presence of EDTA. Co2+ can only partially replace Mg2+. The enzyme is inhibited by hypoxanthine which at 4 mM causes 85% inhibition. The optimal pH range of the enzymatic activity is 5.5-7.8, and the apparent Km value is 2.5 x 10(-7) M.
[Wilm's tumor: review and up-date based on our experience]. (1995)

Wilms' tumour represents 8% of tumours appearing during childhood, and it is the more frequent malignant tumour of the urinary tract in children. A review of 7 tumours occurring in our Hospital Area over the last 11 years is made, evaluating their incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as therapeutical approaches and complications. We also conducted a review of the most recent related literature, paying special attention to the new lines of research in the field of the genetics. Likewise, we contribute the latest guidelines and suggestions by the NWTS with regard to diagnosis and treatment of Wilms' tumour.
Robust classification of EEG signal for brain-computer interface (2006)

We report the implementation of a text input application (speller) based on the P300 event related potential. We obtain high accuracies by using an SVM classifier and a novel feature. These techniques enable us to maintain fast performance without sacrificing the accuracy, thus making the speller usable in an online mode. In order to further improve the usability, we perform various studies on the data with a view to minimizing the training time required. We present data collected from nine healthy subjects, along with the high accuracies (of the order of 95% or more) measured online. We show that the training time can be further reduced by a factor of two from its current value of about 20 min. High accuracy, fast learning, and online performance make this P300 speller a potential communication tool for severely disabled individuals, who have lost all other means of communication and are otherwise cut off from the world, provided their disability does not interfere with the performance of the speller.
Response of the adult newt ventricle to injury (1974)

Abstract A study was made of the response of adult newt ventricle to injury. The major events in the repair process after wounding involve blood clot formation, coagulation necrosis, macrophagic activity, regenerative activity of heart muscle, and connective tissue formation. Light microscopic autoradiography indicated that there was a definite area of labeled cells in trabeculae adjacent to the wound, beginning at about ten days after injury. Electron microscopic autoradiography confirmed that myocytes containing myofibrillae underwent DNA synthesis. It was concluded that adult newt myocardium is capable of reacting to injury by the proliferation of myocytes at the wound area as indicated by both DNA synthesis and mitosis.
Cadherin 6 Is a New RUNX2 Target in TGF-β Signalling Pathway (2013)

Modifications in adhesion molecules profile may change the way tumor cells interact with the surrounding microenvironment. The Cadherin family is a large group of transmembrane proteins that dictate the specificity of the cellular interactions. The Cadherin switch that takes place during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to loosening the rigid organization of epithelial tissues and to enhancing motility and invasiveness of tumor cells. Recently, we found Cadherin-6 (CDH6, also known as K-CAD) highly expressed in thyroid tumor cells that display mesenchymal features and aggressive phenotype, following the overexpression of the transcriptional regulator Id1. In this work, we explored the possibility that CDH6 is part of the EMT program in thyroid tumors. We demonstrate that CDH6 is a new transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) target and that its expression is modulated similarly to other EMT mesenchymal markers, both in vitro and in thyroid tumor patients. We show for the first time that CDH6 is expressed in human thyroid carcinomas and that its expression is enhanced at the invasive front of the tumor. Finally, we show that CDH6 is under the control of the transcription factor RUNX2, which we previously described as a crucial mediator of the Id1 pro-invasive function in thyroid tumor cells. Overall, these observations provide novel information on the mechanism of the EMT program in tumor progression and indicate CDH6 as a potential regulator of invasiveness in thyroid tumors.
Finite Element Analysis of the Stress Distribution in Silicon Nitride Bearing Balls (2010)

Silicon nitride balls in hybrid bearing applications are operated under heavy loads and/or high speeds. To better understand the role of the surface crack size in the failure mechanism of these balls, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to analyze the stress magnitude and direction at the crack tip on the surface of the silicon nitride ball under simulated loading and motion. The objectives of this study are to obtain the stress magnitude in a silicon nitride ball as a function of load and to obtain the stress magnitude at the crack tip of the surface flaw as a function of flaw size. ANSYS 5.3 was used for the 2D model. Loads between 1000 to 12000 lbs are applied to the ball to determine the stress field in the ballbearing system. The comparison between load, compressive stress and contact length for the FEA and Hertzian solutions are very close. It is found that tensile stress develops at the crack tip when the ball is subjected to a vertical loading force and a friction force between the ball and bearing raceway. The maximum tensile stress occurs at the crack tip. The stress distribution at the crack tip tends to open the crack so as to extend it towards the free surface, resulting in chipping. The FEA results explain the surface damage observed in silicon nitride balls which failed in bearing applications.
Digital Modulation Classification using Temporal Waveform Features for Cognitive Radios (2007)

This paper presents a novel digital modulation classification system for cognitive radios using only temporal waveform features. Temporal features extraction is desirable for cognitive radios because it is easy to implement them compared to the extraction of other features types such as spectral features. The features used for classification are extracted from instantaneous amplitude and phase of the digitized intermediate frequency signal. A hierarchical approach is used to first make separations into intermediate subclasses, where some of the subclasses can consist of more than one modulation type. Then a second classifier is used to discriminate between higher order modulation schemes using additional features. Compared to alternative methods, the simulation results show the overall effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of noise, especially for higher order digital modulations. Particularly, the overall success rate for the classification of seven common digital modulation schemes exceeds 95% at signal to noise ratios ranging from 10 dB to 80 dB.
Experimental culture condition for endothelial and their progenitor cells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (2004)

Background : The concept of ‘neovascularization’, which was first applied to describe the pathogenesis of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or rheumatoid arthritis, has been extended to other fields of study such as myocardial ischemia and tumorigenesis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), play a critical role in neovascularization and have been reported to also be capable of colonizing vascular grafts. In this study, EPCs were isolated from cord blood, peripheral blood and bone marrow, and then cultured. Various cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), Insulin growth factor(IGF), endothelial growth factor(EGF) fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b), stem cell factor(SCF), flt3-ligand(FL), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were added to the cultures and observed for their effects on endothelial cells for their potential use in antineoplastic therapy or treatment of regional ischemia. Methods : The mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from cord blood, peripheral blood buffy coat, and bone marrow. They were collected from healthy donors using Ficoll-Hypaque. CD34+ cells were isolated by MACS system. To evaluate the effect of various cytokines, purified CD34+ cells were cultured under conditions of various cytokine combinations including SCF, FI, TPO, VEGF, EGF, IGF, and FGF-b. After four weeks of culture , umbilical cord blood and bone-marrow derived adherent cells were analyzed for endothelial markers by immunohistochemical stain. Results : Cultured adherent cells expressed the endothelial specific markers, such as KDR, CD34, CD31, CD62E, and CD cadherin but did not express vWF antigen. Typical morphology of endothelial cells was observed, such as the cord-like structure and cobble stone appearance during the culture period, which suggested that the adherent cells were consistent with endothelial cells. Conclusion: We de scribed the experimental conditions in which endothelial progenitors were differentiated from CD34+ cell s isolated from three hematopoietic stem cell sources: bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood.
cDNA cloning and characterization of three genes in the <i>Bet v 1</i> gene family that encode pathogenesis‐related proteins<sup>*</sup> (1995)

ABSTRACT Bet v 1 isoforms, the major pollen allergens of white birch ( Betula verrucosa ), show sequence homology to a class of pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins identified in several other plant species. We recently reported that Bet v 1‐related mRNAs and proteins are induced by microbial pathogens in birch cell suspension cultures, which suggests that these pollen allergens and PR proteins are encoded by the same gene family. However, apart from the genes expressed in pollen, no other Bet v 1 clones have been characterized until now. Here we describe the isolation, by screening with a pollen Bet v 1 cDNA probe, of three full‐length cDNA clones, Bet v 1‐Sc1, Sc2 and Sc3 , from a cDNA library prepared from cultured birch cells grown in the presence of Pseudomonas syringae. Sequence analysis indicated that these clones are highly homologous, but different from the genes encoding the pollen isoallergens. Northern blots and RNase protection experiments showed that the three genes are transcriptionally activated, with similar kinetics, in birch cells co‐cultivated with bacteria or fungi, regardless of whether they were pathogenic for birch. Infection of leaves with the fungus Taphrina betulina , a natural pathogen of birch, also led to the coordinated activation of the Bet v 1‐Sc genes, although infection with Fusarium solani did not. These results demonstrate that the Bet v 1 gene family of pollen allergens includes a subset of genes, different from those constitu‐tively expressed in pollen, that are induced in somatic cells upon their interaction with microorganisms. The possible implications of these results for the function of Bet v 1 proteins in the defence reaction against pathogens, as well as for the incidence of Type I allergies, are discussed.
Ceramide induces activation of the mitochondrial/caspases pathway in Jurkat and SCC61 cells sensitive to γ-radiation but activation of this sequence is defective in radioresistant SQ20B cells (2002)

Ceramide appears to be a determining factor in the commitment phase of radiation-induced apoptosis. When ceramide is not generated, the whole pathway is ineffective and resistance to apoptosis may result.
Short-term Results of Infliximab Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2008)

【目的】RA患者に対するインフリキシマブ（以下IFX）の短期治療成績を報告する．【方法】対象はIFXによる治療を行った16例（男：女 2：14）で平均年齢56.8±10.8歳であった．CRP，DAS28(3)CRPの変動，および二次無効例について検討した．【結果】全例とも投与初期から関節の腫脹・疼痛が改善され，CRP値は投与前3.9±2.7mg/dlだったが，2･6･14週後は有意に低下していた．しかし，最終調査時には2.3±3.0mg/dlと低下傾向にあったものの有意な低下ではなかった．DAS28(3)CRPについても同様な結果であった．また二次無効例を3例に認めた．【結論】今後は，IFX投与間隔の短縮・増量について検討の余地があると考えられた．
A Deep Primal-Dual Network for Guided Depth Super-Resolution (2016)

In this paper we present a novel method to increase the spatial resolution of depth images. We combine a deep fully convolutional network with a non-local variational method in a deep primal-dual network. The joint network computes a noise-free, high-resolution estimate from a noisy, low-resolution input depth map. Additionally, a high-resolution intensity image is used to guide the reconstruction in the network. By unrolling the optimization steps of a first-order primal-dual algorithm and formulating it as a network, we can train our joint method end-to-end. This not only enables us to learn the weights of the fully convolutional network, but also to optimize all parameters of the variational method and its optimization procedure. The training of such a deep network requires a large dataset for supervision. Therefore, we generate high-quality depth maps and corresponding color images with a physically based renderer. In an exhaustive evaluation we show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art on multiple benchmarks.
Clinical evaluation of a method for detecting superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by light-induced fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX following topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid: Preliminary results (1997)

PpIX fluorescence induced by instillation into the bladder of 5-ALA is an efficient method of mapping the mucosa in bladder carcinoma.
Modification of Aminocyclitol Antibiotics (1980)

Chemical and biological modifications of aminocyclitol antibiotics have been extensively studied to elucidate a structure-antimicrobial activity relationship. Most of the works done so far concerns modifications of an amino sugar moiety of an antibiotic. Before 1969, few studies had been done on the dependence of antimicrobial activity on an aminocyclitol moiety structure. In 1969, Rinehart and his coworkers first prepared modified antibiotics named "Hybrimycins" by a newly devised technique of bioconversion (1,2,3). The hybrimycins are neomycin analogs in which an amino-cyclitol moiety of neomycin, 2-deoxystreptamine, has been replaced by streptamine (scyllo-inosadiamine-1,3) or 2-epistreptamine (myo-inosadiamine-1,3). This bioconversion is now called "mutasynthesis" and is used widely as a powerful tool for a preparation of new antibiotics. The investigations on hybrimycins stimulated us to initiate a study on a preparation of modified antibiotics that have other aminocyclitols rather than 2-deoxystreptamine in a 2-deoxystreptamine containing antibiotics. Besides mutasynthesis, there are two other approaches to
Fractionation of lignin during leaching and sorption and implications for organic matter “freshness” (2007)

Much of what we know about the cycling of terrigenous organic matter (OM) in freshwater and marine systems can be attributed to evidence derived from biomarkers such as lignin. Here we report the fractionation of lignin phenols both during solubilization from plant litters and again during sorption of resulting leachates to soils. Source parameters in both leached and sorbed lignin varied from the parent litters by as much as ten‐fold, while elevated lignin oxidation parameters in riverine dissolved OM (DOM) can be completely explained by dissolution and sorption. Carbon‐normalized dissolved lignin endmembers indicate a substantial fraction of riverine DOM may not be vascular plant‐derived, and thus derived from algal, microbial or non‐vascular plant sources such as mosses. These results demonstrate that riverine DOM is less degraded and likely more labile than previously thought, and helps resolve the paradox of diagenetically‐altered riverine DOM degrading rapidly in marine systems.
The Research of Web Page De-duplication Based on Web Pages Reshipment Statement (2009)

Web page de-duplication module is an important part of search engine system, which can improve its performance and quality with filtering the web pages downloaded by crawler system of search engine and eliminating the duplicated web pages. This paper from the source of duplicated web pages--reshipment proposes a web page de-duplication method that the information including original websites and web titles are extracted to eliminate duplicated web pages based on feature codes. Experiments show that this method can achieve satisfactory results in eliminating large-scale duplicated web pages.
Expression of MUC1 on Corneal Endothelium of Human (2002)

Human corneal endothelial cells produce MUC1, which is known to have protective and lubricative roles.