gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Atrial Fibrillation Organization to Evaluate the Efficacy of Guided Ablation (2019)

Catheter ablation is a widely-used therapy to treat atrial fibrillation (AF), but the identification of ablation targets remain challenging in persistent AF (PersAF). This work aims to study the anatomical relationship between rotors and areas of low-voltage, in addition to evaluate the outcomes of PersAF ablation guided by rotors maps in combination with pulmonary vein isolation, through frequency analysis of the electrograms (EGMs).Eight patients with PersAF and no previous ablation procedure were included in this study. Ablation procedures were guided by Carto®3 voltage maps and CardioInsight™ rotors maps. The location of rotors was qualitatively compared with low-voltage areas (<0.5 mV). In addition, frequency analysis was carried out with five bipolar EGMs, recorded by using a decapolar catheter located in the coronary sinus. Spectral analysis was performed using the Welch method. The highest peak in the spectrum was defined as the dominant frequency (DF). To measure the periodicity and organization of the signals, the regularity (IR) and organization (IO) indexes were implemented.Our results showed that rotors location largely corresponded to low-voltage zones (85.7%). In addition, although only one patient restored sinus rhythm after ablation and the remaining patients needed cardioversion, an improvement in DF, RI and OI was observed in 75% of cases.
Spectrochemical Trace Analysis for Metals and Metalloids. (1996)

International audience
Iterative Reprojection Reconstruction algorithm with attenuation correction applied to truncated projections in SPECT (1992)

When SPECT sinograms are truncated, the Iterative Reprojection Reconstruction (IRR) algorithm based on the Radon transform cannot restore the distribution that would be obtained with the complete projection data set, even in the field of view taken as a region of interest. Nevertheless, when the attenuation characteristics are known and an attenuation correction is incorporated in the IRR scheme, the source distribution can be recovered in the field of view and, in the particular case of a contrasted attenuation map, even outside the region.
A Pragmatic Protocol for Database Replication in Interconnected Clusters (2006)

Multi-master update everywhere database replication, as achieved by protocols based on group communication such as DBSM and Postgres-R, addresses both performance and availability. By scaling it to wide area networks, one could save costly bandwidth and avoid large round-trips to a distant master server. Also, by ensuring that updates are safely stored at a remote site within transaction boundaries, disaster recovery is guaranteed. Unfortunately, scaling existing cluster based replication protocols is troublesome. In this paper we present a database replication protocol based on group communication that targets interconnected clusters. In contrast with previous proposals, it uses a separate multicast group for each cluster and thus does not impose any additional requirements on group communication, easing implementation and deployment in a real setting. Nonetheless, the protocol ensures one-copy equivalence while allowing all sites to execute update transactions. Experimental evaluation using the workload of the industry standard TPC-C benchmark confirms the advantages of the approach
Design Issues in Permissioned Blockchains for Trusted Computing (2017)

A permissioned blockchain (BC) is a secure distributed ledger maintained by a number of trusted validation nodes. However, a validator may become compromised and send inconsistent messages to different nodes. To counter the problem, consensus protocols like Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) can be used. The paper presents a permissioned BC system and discusses various design issues including control messages, block size and window size of block creation time. Furthermore, it is necessary to identify those compromised nodes discovered during the consensus protocol. This paper then proposes a reputation system to track the trustworthiness of nodes as it is necessary to distinguish failed nodes from compromised nodes. A compromised node may send inconsistent messages to others or accuse other nodes compromised, and it should be removed as soon as it is identified and confirmed.
Genetic Maps: Integration (2006)

Abstract Genetic maps describe the order of polymorphisms along a chromosome; however, unlike physical maps, the map distances are related to recombination. The level of recombination varies with position along the chromosome and between the sexes. It is important to integrate genetic and physical or sequence‐based maps to identify regions of elevated or reduced recombination. The presence of recombination hot and cold spots has a bearing on efforts to map disease genes and for the understanding of the biological properties of chromosome location.
Inhibition of the release of endothelium‐derived relaxing factor <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> by dipeptides containing N<sup>G</sup>‐nitro‐<scp>l</scp>‐arginine (1991)

1. We have shown that dipeptides containing NG-nitro-L-arginine (NO2Arg) inhibit the biosynthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in vitro and in vivo. 2. In anaesthetized rats, intravenous administration at 1-30 mg kg-1 of the methyl ester of NO2Arg, NO2-Arg-L-phenylalanine (NO2Arg-Phe), L-alanyl-NO2Arg (Ala-NO2Arg) or NO2Arg-L-arginine (NO2Arg-Arg) produced dose-related increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) which were unaffected by D-arginine (D-Arg; 20 mg kg-1 min-1 for 15 min), but prevented by co-infusions of L-arginine (L-Arg; 20 mg kg-1 min-1 for 15 min) or by their parent dipeptides. 3. NO2Arg methyl ester, NO2Arg-Phe methyl ester or Ala-NO2Arg methyl ester (10 mg kg-1, i.v.) also inhibited the reduction in MABP caused by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (30 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 3 min), but not those induced by glycerly trinitrate (20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 3 min) or iloprost (6 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for 3 min) which act directly on the vascular smooth muscle. 4. Moreover, NO2Arg methyl ester, NO2Arg-Phe methyl ester or NO2Arg-Arg methyl ester (100 microM) inhibited the acetylcholine-induced relaxation of rabbit aortic strips, and NO2Arg-Phe methyl ester (30 microM) blocked the stimulated (bradykinin, 30 pmol) release of EDRF from bovine aortic endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads. 5. In endothelial cells grown in L-Arg-deficient medium, L-Arg-containing dipeptides such as L-Arg-LPhe, L-Ala-L-Arg or L-Arg-L-Arg increased both the basal and stimulated release of EDRF. Moreover, the L-Arg containing dipeptides, but not their NO2Arg analogues, were rapidly cleaved by these cells. 6. Thus, dipeptides containing NO2Arg can directly interfere with the biosynthesis of EDRF in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the potentiation of EDRF release from endothelial cells deprived of L-Arg by dipeptides containing L-Arg suggests that such peptides may serve as an additional or alternative substrate for the biosynthesis of EDRF.
<title>Image processing using acousto-optical tunable filtering</title> (1997)

We describe the construction and performance of an acousto- optic tunable filter (AOTF) camera system for obtaining images in the range of 450 to 1000 nm. A combination of a 10-bit digital video camera and a high speed frame grabber board allows continuous display of high-resolution, filtered images on a computer monitor at 30 frames per second. Ability for target recognition is significantly enhanced by processing filtered images. A typical speed in a basic operation that requires two frame grabs at two different filter settings and image processing is currently limited to 6 frames per second. The pre-processing of the target image by the AOTF simplifies subsequent image processing and is nearly real time.
Ensemble Learning for blind source separation (2001)

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Autonomic Vertical Elasticity of Docker Containers with ELASTICDOCKER (2017)

Elasticity is the key feature of cloud computing to scale computing resources according to application workloads timely. In the literature as well as in industrial products, much attention was given to the elasticity of virtual machines, but much less to the elasticity of containers. However, containers are the new trend for packaging and deploying microservices-based applications. Moreover, most of approaches focus on horizontal elasticity, fewer works address vertical elasticity. In this paper, we propose ELASTICDOCKER, the first system powering vertical elasticity of Docker containers autonomously. Based on the well-known IBM's autonomic computing MAPE-K principles, ELASTICDOCKER scales up and down both CPU and memory assigned to each container according to the application workload. As vertical elasticity is limited to the host machine capacity, ELASTICDOCKER does container live migration when there is no enough resources on the hosting machine. Our experiments show that ELASTICDOCKER helps to reduce expenses for container customers, make better resource utilization for container providers, and improve Quality of Experience for application end-users. In addition, based on the observed migration performance metrics, the experiments reveal a high efficient live migration technique. As compared to horizontal elasticity, ELASTICDOCKER outperforms Kubernetes elasticity by 37.63%.
Modification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase to Target Cells with Elevated Cellular dNTP Concentrations (2006)

Retroviruses and DNA viruses utilize cellular dNTPs as substrates for their DNA polymerases during viral replication in infected cells. However, because of S phase-dependent dNTP biosynthesis, the availability of cellular dNTPs significantly varies among cell types (e.g. dividing versus nondividing cells and normal versus tumor cells). Here we tested whether alterations in the dNTP utilization efficiency and dNTP binding affinity of viral DNA polymerases can switch viral infection specificity to cell types with different dNTP concentrations. We employed an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutant (Q151N), which is catalytically active only at high dNTP concentrations because of its reduced dNTP binding affinity. Indeed, the modified HIV-1 vector harboring the Q151N mutant RT preferentially transduced tumor cells containing higher cellular dNTP concentrations than primary cells (e.g. human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and human keratinocytes). Although the wild type HIV-1 vector transduced both HLFs and tumor cells, the Q151N vector failed to transduce HLFs and keratinocytes but efficiently transduced tumor cells. Pretreatment of HLFs with deoxynucleosides, which increase cellular dNTP pools, enabled the mutant vector to transduce HLFs, suggesting that the transduction failure of the RT mutant vector to primary cells is because of inefficient reverse transcription in low cellular dNTP environments. We also observed that the Q151N vector expressing herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase renders tumor cells sensitive to gancyclovir. This study validates a novel strategy in which modifications of viral DNA polymerases in various vector systems allow the delivery of target genes exclusively to tumor cells exploiting elevated cellular dNTP concentration as a tumor cell-specific host factor.
Blueprint for Business Middleware as a Managed Cloud Service (2014)

Cloud offers numerous technical middleware services such as databases, caches, messaging systems, and storage but very few business middleware services as first tier managed services. Business middleware such as business process management, business rules, operational decision management, content management and business analytics, if deployed in a cloud environment, is typically only available in a hosted (black-box) model. This is partly due to where cloud is in its evolution, and mostly due to the relatively higher complexity of business middleware vs. technical middleware in the deployment, provisioning, usage, etc. Business middleware consists of multiple functions for business processes design and modeling, execution, optimization, monitoring, and analysis. These functions and their associated complexity have inhibited the wholesale migration of existing business middleware to the cloud. To better understand the complexity in bringing business middleware to the cloud and to develop a systematic cloud enablement approach, we studied the deployment of IBM's Operational Decision Manager (ODM) business middleware product as a managed service (Cloud Decision Service) in IBM's BlueMix cloud platform. Our study indicates that complex middleware must be componentized along functional boundaries, and provide these functions for different business users and developers with cloud experience. In addition, middleware services must leverage other cloud services and they should provide interfaces so that they can be consumed by Java applications as well as by polyglot applications (JavaScript, Ruby, Python, etc). Applications can bind to and use our Cloud Decision Service in a matter of seconds. In contrast, it takes hours to days to setup such a service in the traditional packaged software model. Based on the lessons learned from this experiment we develop a blueprint for enabling high value business middleware as managed cloud services.
Embedding Metal in the Interface of a p-n Heterojunction with a Stack Design for Superior Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2016)

The construction of a p-n heterojunction is an efficient strategy to resolve the limited light absorption and serious charge-carrier recombination in semiconductors and enhance the photocatalytic activity. However, the promotion effect is greatly limited by poor interfacial charge transfer efficiency as well as reduced redox ability of charge carriers. In this work, we demonstrate that the embedding of metal Pd into the interface between n-type C3N4 and p-type Cu2O can further enhance the interfacial charge transfer and increase the redox ability of charge carriers through the design of the C3N4-Pd-Cu2O stack nanostructure. The embedded Pd nanocubes in the stack structure not only trap the charge carriers from the semiconductors in promoting the electron-hole separation but also act as a Z-scheme "bridge" in keeping the strong reduction/oxidation ability of the electrons/holes for surface reactions. Furthermore, Pd nanocubes also increase the bonding strength between the two semiconductors. Enabled by this unique design, the hydrogen evolution achieved is dramatically higher than that of its counterpart C3N4-Cu2O structure without Pd embedding. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) is 0.9% at 420 nm for the designed C3N4-Pd-Cu2O. This work highlights the rational interfacial design of heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Identifying the Function of Sorghum's Drought Tolerance Stay-Green QTL (2015)

The goal of this research is to understand the function of allelic variation of genes underpinning the stay-green drought adaptation trait in sorghum in order to enhance yield in water-limited environments. Stay-green, a delayed leaf senescence phenotype in sorghum, is primarily an emergent consequence of the improved balance between the supply and demand of water. Positional and functional fine-mapping of candidate genes associated with stay-green in sorghum is the focus of an international research partnership between Australian (UQ/DAFFQ) and US (Texas A&M University) scientists. Stay-green was initially mapped to four chromosomal regions (Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4) by a number of research groups in the US and Australia. Physiological dissection of near-isolines containing single introgressions of Stg QTL (Stg1-4) indicate that these QTL reduce water demand before flowering by constricting the size of the canopy, thereby increasing water availability during grain filling and, ultimately, grain yield. Stg and root angle QTL are also co-located and, together with crop water use data, suggest the role of roots in the stay-green phenomenon. Candidate genes have been identified in Stg1-4, including genes from the PIN family of auxin efflux carriers in Stg1 and Stg2, with 10 of 11 PIN genes in sorghum co-locating with Stg QTL. Modified gene expression in some of these PIN candidates in the stay-green compared with the senescent types has been found in preliminary RNA expression profiling studies. Further proof-of-function studies are underway, including comparative genomics, SNP analysis to assess diversity at candidate genes, reverse genetics and transformation.
Substitution of Aspartic Acid-686 by Histidine or Asparagine in the Human Androgen Receptor Leads to a Functionally Inactive Protein with Altered Hormone-Binding Characteristics (1991)

We have identified two different single nucleotide alterations in codon 686 (GAC; aspartic acid) in exon 4 of the human androgen receptor gene in three unrelated families with the complete form of androgen insensitivity. One mutation (G----C) results in an aspartic acid----histidine substitution (with 15-20% of wild-type androgen-binding capacity), whereas the other mutation (G----A) leads to an aspartic acid----asparagine substitution (with normal androgen-binding capacity, but a rapidly dissociating ligand-receptor complex). The mutations eliminate a Hinfl restriction site. Screening for the loss of the Hinfl site in both families with the Asp----Asn mutation resulted in the recognition of heterozygous carriers in successive generations of each. Both mutant androgen receptors were generated in vitro and transiently expressed in COS and HeLa cells. The receptor proteins produced had the same altered binding characteristics as those measured in fibroblasts from the affected subjects. R1881-activated transcription of a GRE-tk-CAT reporter gene construct was strongly diminished by both mutant receptors and was only partially restored using a 100-fold higher concentration of ligand compared with wild-type receptor. Thus, aspartic acid-686 appears essential for normal androgen receptor function. Substitution of this amino acid residue, by either histidine or asparagine, results in androgen insensitivity and lack of androgen-dependent male sexual differentiation.
Magellan: Charting Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming Topologies (2007)

Live peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming applications have been successfully deployed in the Internet. With relatively simple peer selection protocol design, modern live P2P streaming applications are able to provide millions of concurrent users adequately satisfying viewing experiences. That said, few existing research has provided sufficient insights on the time-varying internal characteristics of P2P topologies in live streaming. With 120 GB worth of traces in late 2006 from a commercial P2P live streaming system of UUSee Inc. in Beijing, this paper represents the first attempt in the research community to explore topological properties in practical P2P streaming, and how they behave over time. Starting from classical graph metrics, such as degree, clustering coefficient, and reciprocity, we explore and extend them in specific perspectives of streaming applications. We also compare our findings with existing insights from topological studies of P2P file sharing applications, which shed new and unique insights specific to streaming. Our characterization reveals the scalability of the commercial P2P streaming application even in case of large flash crowds, the clustering phenomenon of peers in each ISP, as well as the reciprocal behavior among peers, all of which play important roles in achieving its current success.
Experimental microdissection enables functional harmonisation of pancreatic cancer subtypes (2019)

Our findings add clarity to the nature and number of molecular subtypes in PDA, expand our understanding of global transcriptional programmes in the stroma and harmonise the results of molecular subtyping efforts across independent cohorts.
Variants of the Borda count method for combining ranked classifier hypotheses (2000)

The Borda count is a simple yet effective method of combining rankings. In pattern recognition, classifiers are often able to return a ranked set of results. Several experiments have been conducted to test the ability of the Borda count and two variant methods to combine these ranked classifier results. By using artificial data, domain-specific results were avoided. The results show the strength of the Borda count when many errors occur in the results, but also show its weakness in case of a limited number of large ranking errors.
Fast interpolation algorithm using FFT (1986)

An interpolation algorithm for finite-duration real sequences using the discrete Fourier transform is presented. The proposed method is shown to result in a significant saving of computational labour over the discrete version of the time-domain classical interpolation formula. Estimation of inbetween samples for large sequences is possible within a mean square error of 0.00114 with this method. Some considerations with regard to the computation of FFTs are also discussed.
Comparison of Fracture Response of Preflawed Tubes Under Internal Static and Detonation Loading (2004)

The role of loading rate and fluid properties in the fracture of piping under internal explosions is an important issue for designers and accident analysis. This was examined by fracture experiments on thin-walled and preflawed aluminum 6061-T6 tubes. The tubes were (1) statically loaded with oil, (2) statically loaded with nitrogen, and (3) dynamically loaded with gaseous detonations traveling at 2.4 km/s. The tubes were also instrumented with pressure transducers, crack detection gages, and strain gages. The experiments were controlled so that comparisons could be made on identical specimens. Fracture behavior was discussed along with fluid dynamics.
Epidemiological Evaluation of Dupuytren's Disease Incidence and Prevalence Rates in Relation to Etiology (2009)

Dupuytren's Disease (DD) is a common, fibroproliferative disorder affecting the palmar surface of the hands which is often irreversible and progressive. Understanding the epidemiology of DD is important in order to provide clues to its etiopathogenesis. This review aims to evaluate the epidemiological studies carried out in DD since 1951. Studies evaluating the epidemiology of DD were searched using Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus which dated back from 1951 to current date. Inclusion criteria were any studies investigating the prevalence or incidence of DD in any population group. A total of 620 articles were cited. Forty-nine studies were subsequently identified as relevant to evaluating the epidemiology of DD. The prevalence of DD in all studies increased with age with a male to female ratio of approximately 5.9:1. Prevalence rates ranged from 0.2% to 56% in varying age, population groups, and methods of data collection. The highest prevalence rate was reported in a study group of epileptic patients. Although, only one study calculated the incidence (as opposed to prevalence) of DD to be equal to 34.3 per 100,000 men (0.03%). In conclusion, the prevalence of DD in different geographical locations is extremely variable, and it is not clear whether this is genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. The majority of the prevalence studies have been conducted in Scandinavia or the UK, and the vast changes in population structure, the changes in prevalence of associated diseases, and the change in diagnostic criteria of DD makes understanding the epidemiology of this condition difficult.