gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclopropenone AcetalsSynthesis and Reactions (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropenone AcetalsSynthesis and ReactionsMasaharu Nakamura, Hiroyuki Isobe, and Eiichi NakamuraView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 4, 1295–1326Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2003Publication History Received5 June 2002Published online28 February 2003Published inissue 1 April 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0100244https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0100244research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4271Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Reaction products,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Femtosecond laser-pulse-induced birefringence in optically isotropic glass (2004)

We used a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser to create optical birefringence in an isotropic glass medium. Between two crossed polarizers, regions modified by the femtosecond laser show bright transmission with respect to the dark background of the isotropic glass. This observation immediately suggests that these regions possess optical birefringence. The angular dependence of transmission through the laser-modified region is consistent with that of an optically birefringent material. Laser-induced birefringence is demonstrated in different glasses, including fused silica and borosilicate glass. Experimental results indicate that the optical axes of laser-induced birefringence can be controlled by the polarization direction of the femtosecond laser. The amount of laser-induced birefringence depends on the pulse energy level and number of accumulated pulses.
Continuous and cyclical clodronate therapies and bone density in postmenopausal bone loss (1996)

One-year treatment with clodronate induces a gain in bone mass, especially in the spine. The continuous regimen does not result in any further benefit in lumbar bone density over the cyclical one, probably because of a greater suppression of bone turnover.
Developmental Regulation of <i>bicoid</i> mRNA Stability Is Mediated by the First 43 Nucleotides of the 3′ Untranslated Region (1998)

During the transition from the maternal to the zygotic developmental program, the expression of genes important for pattern formation or cell cycle regulation changes dramatically. Rapid changes in gene expression are achieved in part through the control of mRNA stability. This report focuses on bicoid, a gene essential for formation of anterior embryonic structures in Drosophila melanogaster. bicoid mRNA is synthesized exclusively during oogenesis. Here, we show that bicoid mRNA stability is regulated. While bicoid mRNA is stable in retained oocytes, in unfertilized eggs, and during the first 2 h of embryogenesis, specific degradation is activated at cellularization of the blastoderm. To identify cis-acting sequences required for bicoid mRNA's regulated stability, fusions between bicoid and genes producing stable mRNAs were introduced into the Drosophila germ line by P-element-mediated transformation. The analysis of the fusion mRNAs identified a bicoid instability element (BIE) contained within a 43-nucleotide sequence immediately following the stop codon. The BIE is sufficient to destabilize the otherwise-stable ribosomal protein A1 mRNA and is separable from the previously identified bicoid mRNA localization signals and from the "nanos response element." Similar mechanisms may regulate a class of developmentally important maternal genes whose mRNA has a temporal profile similar to that of bicoid.
The human Evi-1 gene is located on chromosome 3q24-q28 but is not rearranged in three cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias containing t(3;5)(q25;q34) translocations. (1990)

The murine Evi-1 gene encodes a protein that has multiple 28-amino acid repeats containing the consensus sequence found in the zinc finger domains of many transcriptional regulatory proteins. Activation of the expression of the Evi-1 gene is frequently found in murine myeloid leukemias and leukemia cell lines and is due to retroviral insertions in the 5' region of the gene in either the Evi-1 or the CB-1/FIM3 common sites of viral integrations. To examine the role of the Evi-1 gene in human leukemias we have cloned regions of the human locus corresponding to the coding region of the gene and regions corresponding to the Evi-1 and CB-1/FIM3 common sites of integrations. Using these probes we demonstrate that the human Evi-1 gene maps to chromosome 3q24-q28 in a region that is translocated in acute nonlymphocytic leukemias with a t(3;5)(q25;q34). By in situ hybridization with metaphase chromosomes from one patient with a 3;5 translocation, the Evi-1 gene was found to be translocated to the derivative 5 chromosome. However, no rearrangements were detected by Southern blot analysis with DNAs from three patients with a t(3;5) using probes from the Evi-1 or CB-1/FIM3 loci. No Evi-1 transcripts were detected with RNA from leukemic blasts of one patient with a t(3;5).
Coupled Mooring Analysis for a Deep Water CALM Buoy (2004)

The effect of the mooring loads on floator motions can be significant for small water plane are floaters like CALM buoys. Not only does the mooring system contribute to the static restoring force components, but the dynamic behaviour of the mooring lines also affects the inertia and damping of the moored CALM buoy. The results from model tests with a moored CALM buoy were compared with the results from two series of time-domain computer simulations. First, fully dynamic coupled simulations were carried out, in which the interaction between the floater motions and the dynamic mooring line loads was modelled for all 6 modes of motion. Second, quasi-static simulations were carried out, in which only the (non-linear) static restoring force characteristics of the mooring system were taken into account. The comparison of results from the simulations and the model tests clearly indicates that the fully dynamic coupled simulations show a much better correspondence with the model test results than the quasi-static simulations. It is concluded that for the simulation of the behavior of a moored CALM buoy in waves a fully dynamic coupled mooring analysis is essential.
Effect of substrate and cellulase concentration on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of steam-pretreated softwood for ethanol production (2000)

Economic optimization of the production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) requires knowledge about the influence of substrate and enzyme concentration on yield and productivity. Although SSF has been investigated extensively, the optimal conditions for SSF of softwoods have yet not been determined. In this study, SO2-impregnated and steam-pretreated spruce was used as substrate for the production of ethanol by SSF. Commercial enzymes were used in combination with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The effects of the concentration of substrate (2% to 10% w/w) and of cellulases (5 to 32 FPU/g cellulose) were investigated. SSF was found to be sensitive to contamination because lactic acid was produced. The ethanol yield increased with increasing cellulase loading. The highest ethanol yield, 68% of the theoretical based on the glucose and mannose present in the original wood, was obtained at 5% substrate concentration. This yield corresponds to 82% of the theoretical based on the cellulose and soluble glucose and mannose present at the start of SSF. A higher substrate concentration caused inefficient fermentation, whereas a lower substrate concentration, 2%, resulted in increased formation of lactic acid, which lowered the yield. Compared with separate hydrolysis and fermentation, SSF gave a higher yield and doubled the productivity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 204–210, 2000.
Acidic Oligosaccharide Sugar Chain, a Marine-Derived Acidic Oligosaccharide, Inhibits the Cytotoxicity and Aggregation of Amyloid Beta Protein (2004)

In this paper, we investigated interactions of the acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain (AOSC), derived from brown algae Echlonia kurome OKAM, with amyloid beta protein (Abeta). We observed that AOSC inhibited the toxicity induced by Abeta in both primarily cortical cells and the SH-SY5Y cell line. We also observed that AOSC inhibited the apoptosis induced by Abeta in SH-SY5Y by reducing the elevated level of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that AOSC had affinity for both freshly-dissolved Abeta and 48-h incubated Abeta. Furthermore, AOSC blocked the fibril formation of Abeta, which may be responsible for its anti-cytotoxic effects. Thus, our results indicate that AOSC might be a potentially therapeutic compound for Alzheimer's disease.
A nod factor binding lectin with apyrase activity from legume roots (1999)

A lectin isolated from the roots of the legume, Dolichos biflorus, binds to Nod factors produced by rhizobial strains that nodulate this plant and has a deduced amino acid sequence with no significant homology to any lectin reported to date. This lectin also is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds of nucleoside di- and triphosphates; the enzyme activity is increased in the presence of carbohydrate ligands. This lectin-nucleotide phosphohydrolase (LNP) has a substrate specificity characteristic of the apyrase category of phosphohydrolases, and its sequence contains four motifs characteristic of this category of enzymes. LNP is present on the surface of the root hairs, and treatment of roots with antiserum to LNP inhibits their ability to undergo root hair deformation and to form nodules on exposure to rhizobia. These properties suggest that this protein may play a role in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis and/or in a related carbohydrate recognition event endogenous to the plant.
Preparation of a Silanone through Oxygen Atom Transfer to a Stable Cyclic Silylene (2015)

Abstract We report the evaporation of a stable cyclic silylene and its oxidation (with ozone or N 2 O) through oxygen atom transfer to form the corresponding silanone under matrix isolation conditions. As uncomplexed silanones are rare owing to their very high reactivity, this method provides an alternative route to these sought‐after molecules. The silanone, as well as a novel bicyclic silane with a bridgehead silicon atom derived from an intramolecular silylene CH bond insertion, were characterized by comparison of high‐resolution infrared spectra with density functional theory (DFT) computations at the M06‐2X/cc‐pVDZ level of theory.
Quantum supremacy in constant-time measurement-based computation: A unified architecture for sampling and verification (2017)

While quantum speed-up in solving certain decision problems by a fault-tolerant universal quantum computer has been promised, a timely research interest includes how far one can reduce the resource requirement to demonstrate a provable advantage in quantum devices without demanding quantum error correction, which is crucial for prolonging the coherence time of qubits. We propose a model device made of locally interacting multiple qubits, designed such that simultaneous single-qubit measurements on it can output probability distributions whose average-case sampling is classically intractable, under similar assumptions as the sampling of noninteracting bosons and instantaneous quantum circuits. Notably, in contrast to these previous unitary-based realizations, our measurement-based implementation has two distinctive features. (i) Our implementation involves no adaptation of measurement bases, leading output probability distributions to be generated in constant time, independent of the system size. Thus, it could be implemented in principle without quantum error correction. (ii) Verifying the classical intractability of our sampling is done by changing the Pauli measurement bases only at certain output qubits. Our usage of random commuting quantum circuits in place of computationally universal circuits allows a unique unification of sampling and verification, so they require the same physical resource requirements in contrast to the more demanding verification protocols seen elsewhere in the literature.
Gene rearrangement and overexpression of PRAD1 in lymphoid malignancy with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation. (1992)

The proto-oncogene PRAD1 (parathyroid adenoma 1) on chromosome 11q13 was found to be overexpressed in all five B-cell lines with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation tested. One B-cell lymphoma and four myeloma cell lines with this translocation demonstrated more than 10-fold overexpression as determined by Northern blot analysis, when compared with normal lymphoid tissues such as thymus, spleen and lymph node. Hematopoietic cell lines without the translocation were also examined, but none of these demonstrated the overexpression, confirming that overexpression of the PRAD1 gene is associated with t(11;14) translocation. A truncated form of mRNA was seen in one of five cell lines with the translocation, SP-49. Hybridization with different regions of the PRAD1 cDNA revealed that the truncated form of mRNA retained the coding region but had lost the 3' untranslated region. Southern blot analysis demonstrated a gene rearrangement in this SP-49 cell line. To study the genetic alteration responsible for the truncated form of mRNA in this cell line, the rearranged allele as well as the germline allele were cloned. The restriction map revealed that the rearranged portion was at the 3' end of the PRAD1 gene, eliminating the mRNA-destabilizing signal AUUUA. Human-rodent hybrid cell analysis demonstrated that the region introduced 3' of PRAD1 was derived from chromosome 11, suggesting that the PRAD1 gene region is deleted at the 3' end. Over-expression of the PRAD1 gene in association with t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation suggested that in these cases the regulation of PRAD1 was altered by the juxtaposed gene, most likely the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene from chromosome 14.
The structural distortion of the anti-perovskite nitride Ca3AsN (1992)

The structure of the distorted anti-perovskite nitride Ca3AsN has been studied both by neutron powder diffraction at 305 and 15 K and by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. Ca3AsN is distorted to an orthorhombic cell with a and b ‡ a′ and c ∼ 2a′, where a′ is the lattice constant of the ideal undistorted cubic anti-perovskite. The distortion is produced by tilting of octahedra of Ca6N and results in six short and six long bond distances of the twelvefold coordinated As atom by Ca atoms.
Novel anticoagulants and laboratory testing (2013)

The introduction of several oral direct anticoagulants within the past 2-3 years has dramatically changed clinical practice and has also impacted on utilization and interpretation of coagulation laboratory testing. This article reviews the effects of the oral thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, and the oral factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban and apixaban, on screening and diagnostic coagulation tests, and describes methods for measuring the their anticoagulant activity in plasma. Currently, there are evidence gaps regarding the role of laboratory testing for surveillance and management of adverse events associated with these new anticoagulants which do not require routine therapeutic drug monitoring. This is a rapidly changing field, and coagulation laboratory experts have a major role in ensuring patients receive appropriate testing and accurate interpretations of results.
Experimenting Text Summarization Techniques for Contextual Advertising. (2011)

Abstract. Contextual advertising systems suggest suitable advertisings to users while surfing the Web. Focusing on text summarization, we propose novel techniques for contextual advertising. Comparative experiments between these techniques and existing ones have been performed.
A New Lizard of the Schiedi Group of Anolis from Mexico (1968)

A NEW LIZARD OF THE SCHIEDI GROUP OF ANOLIS FROM MEXICO.The anoles of the Atlantic drainage in Mexico that have weakly keeled or smooth ventrals include schiedi Wiegmann (actually known from no specific locality, but presumed to be from the Atlantic drainage), milleri Smith (Quetzaltepec, Oaxaca), cymbops Cope (central Veracruz), and limifrons Cope (lowlands, Isthmus of Tehuantepec to Panamai). A. laeviventris Wiegmann, often placed with this group, has distinctly keeled ventrals and is seemingly unrelated to the others. A. milleri and A. schiedi are apparently of moderately close relationship, but cymbops and limifrons with their very small ventrals are markedly different. The species of the schiedi group (including A. cobanensis of Guatemala, schiedi, milleri, and the species described below) seem clearly to be inhabitants of wet northern and eastern slopes at intermediate elevations. A. schiedi presumably occurs in Veracruz, and milleri represents the same stock farther south, in Oaxaca. The representative to the east of the Isthmus Tehuantepec, in Mexico, was first taken by the efforts of Mr. Thomas MacDougall, who secured as specimen in extreme northeastern Oaxaca in 1944 and again in 1960. It was subsequently found in 1965 by Dennis E. Breedlove and the junior author, in extreme northwestern Chiapas. The trans-Isthmian population is readily distinguishable from both A. cobanensis to the east and milleri to the west. It is here named in honor of Dr. Breedlove, who supplemented his primary botanical interests with fine herpetological collections accumulated through his extensive explorations in this area, much of whcih is an inaccessible as any in Mexico.
Using fixed-priority scheduling with deferred preemption to exploit fluctuating network bandwidth (2008)

Fixed Priority Scheduling with Deferred Preemption (FPDS) offers a balance between Fixed Priority Non-preemptive Scheduling (FPNS) and Fixed Priority Preemptive Scheduling (FPPS), by allowing preemptions only at specified preemption points. It provides finer grained preemptions than FPNS, improving the schedulability of higher priority tasks, and a coarser grain preemptions than FPPS, reducing switching overhead incurred during arbitrary preemptions. In this paper we investigate the extent of improvement of FPDS with respect to FPPS and qualify the costs of switching multiple resources under FPPS and FPDS, and the cost of a preemption point. It forms a starting point for our research into employing FPDS in an industrial case study, to improve an existing multimedia processing system from the surveillance domain. We focus on extending FPDS with optional preemption points, to guarantee resource provisions to tasks in spite of fluctuating resource availability, in the context of reservation-based multi-resource sharing.
Burr/Breakout Model Development and Experimental Verification (1996)

The mechanisms of burr formation and breakout in orthogonal cutting are analyzed. A burr formation/breakout model for orthogonal cutting is proposed, based on the observation of SEM micro-machining tests. It is found that a negative deformation plane begins to form when the steady-state chip formation stops as the tool approaches the end of the cut. Plastic bending and shearing of the negative deformation plane contributes to the burr formation, while crack propagation along the plane causes the breakout. Simulated orthogonal cutting experiments using copper, Al 2024-T4, and Al 6061-T6 were performed with a modified impact machine to verify the model. The tests showed excellent agreement with the model predictions.
Microfluidic pneumatic logic circuits and digital pneumatic microprocessors for integrated microfluidic systems (2009)

We have developed pneumatic logic circuits and microprocessors built with microfluidic channels and valves in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The pneumatic logic circuits perform various combinational and sequential logic calculations with binary pneumatic signals (atmosphere and vacuum), producing cascadable outputs based on Boolean operations. A complex microprocessor is constructed from combinations of various logic circuits and receives pneumatically encoded serial commands at a single input line. The device then decodes the temporal command sequence by spatial parallelization, computes necessary logic calculations between parallelized command bits, stores command information for signal transportation and maintenance, and finally executes the command for the target devices. Thus, such pneumatic microprocessors will function as a universal on-chip control platform to perform complex parallel operations for large-scale integrated microfluidic devices. To demonstrate the working principles, we have built 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, and 8-bit microprocessors to control various target devices for applications such as four color dye mixing, and multiplexed channel fluidic control. By significantly reducing the need for external controllers, the digital pneumatic microprocessor can be used as a universal on-chip platform to autonomously manipulate microfluids in a high throughput manner.
A Mild Photoactivated Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Switch (2005)

Surface modification using light is one of the most powerful methods for controlling the physical and chemical properties offunctionalized surfaces. In this paper, we report on systems where soft UV irradiation (lambda = 365 nm) converts a "low" activity fluorocarbon to a "high" activity amine-functionalized surface. An amine-functionalized SAM (self-assembled monolayer) is first masked using a tertiary amine catalyzed reaction with an N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonyl reagent. This mild, room-temperature reaction introduces a hydrophobic photocleavable nitrobenzyl "protecting group" terminated with a fluorocarbon end-chain. UV irradiation (lambda = 365 nm) of this hydrophobic/fluorocarbon surface cleaves the nitrobenzyl residue, returning the surface to the original hydrophilic/amine-functionalized state. This provides a mild, generic method of producing surfaces with hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterns or patterned with amine functional residues. Two different protecting groups, one terminated with a single and the other with three fluorocarbon end chains, are compared. In the case of the more bulky protecting group, only a small proportion of the amine residues react, but the surface is equally hydrophobic and the amine residues equally well shielded from further reaction. Surfaces are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, surface potential, and contact angle measurements. Images of the photopatterned SAMs were obtained using scanning electron microscopy.