gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of regulatory factors derived from T cell hybridomas and spleen cells. II. Evidence for glycosylation of T cell growth factor, T cell replacing factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (1982)

Isoelectric focusing demonstrated that T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell replacing factor (TRF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) derived from concanavalin A-stimulated T cell hybridomas and spleen cells are heterogeneous with respect to charge. The spleen cell-derived TCGF and TRF activities focused with isoelectric points (pI) between 3.5 and 6.5 whereas the range for GM-CSF activity was broader (pI, 3.5 to 8.0). The T cell hybridoma-derived activities were slightly more acidic. Neuraminidase treatment of both hybridoma 123 and spleen cell-derived material resulted in a major peak of each activity (TRF/TCGF pI, 4.9; GM-CSF pI, 4.7). Neuraminidase treatment of hybridoma T6-derived material resulted in peaks of TRF and TCGF around 6.0 as well as one around 5.0, suggesting that this charge heterogeneity was due to causes other than variations in the level of sialic acid on the relevant molecules. Tunicamycin-treated spleen cells or hybridoma 123 cells released biologically active TCGF, TRF, and GM-CSF. Each of these three activities from tunicamycin-treated spleen cells focused with pI around 5.0. A major fraction of TRF, TCGF, and GM-CSF activities bound to wheat-germ agglutinin. GM-CSF also bound to concanavalin A and lentil lectin. These results suggest that the molecules responsible for TCGF, TRF, and GM-SCF activities are glycosylated and that the observed heterogeneity in charge and lectin-binding characteristics is due in part to variable glycosylation. Glycosylation was not critical for any of the three biologic activities. No conclusive separation of TRF and TCGF activities was observed in these experiments although GM-CSF differed from TRF and TCGF in that it bound to Concanavalin A.
A Dose-Finding Study of Zoledronate in Hypercalcemic Cancer Patients (1999)

Zoledronate is a new heterocyclic imidazole bisphosphonate that is the most potent bisphosphonate administered in humans because it is 100-850 times more potent than pamidronate, according to in vitro or animal models of bone resorption. We conducted an open-label, dose-finding, single-dose phase I study in tumor-induced hypercalcemia (TIH), which has been similarly used as a model to determine the active doses of other bisphosphonates. The primary objective was to determine, with a dose escalation schedule, two nontoxic dose levels of zoledronate able to induce normocalcemia in at least 80% of patients with TIH after rehydration (corrected Ca for albumin levels >/=2.75 mmol/l). Based on estimates of potency, the starting dose was 0.002 mg/kg, and further tested doses were 0. 005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 mg/kg. To obtain a more precise estimate of the response rate, we treated 10 more patients at the highest of the two effective dose levels. The median infusion time of zoledronate was 30 minutes. Thirty out of the 33 treated patients were evaluable for efficacy. Thirty percent of the patients had breast cancer and 54% had metastatic bone involvement. For all groups combined, mean Ca levels at baseline was 3.0 mmol/l. The two effective dose levels were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.04 mg/kg. Five out of five patients became normocalcemic after 0.02 mg of zoledronate/kg and 14 out of 15 after 0.04 mg of zoledronate/kg. The success rate of the latter dose was thus 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68-100%). At this dose, the first day of normocalcemia was day 2 or 3 for all but one patient. The duration of normocalcemia for the two effective doses could be assessed in nine patients; seven patients remained normocalcemic throughout the trial (32-39 days). The fall in serum Ca was accompanied by a marked fall in fasting urinary Ca excretion. Zoledronate was well tolerated: 7 out of 33 patients developed transient hypophosphatemia, and 3 developed transient hypocalcemia. The only clinically detectable side effect was an increase in body temperature occurring in 10 (30%) patients. In summary, very low doses of zoledronate (0.02 mg/kg and 0.04 mg/kg, i. e., 1.2 mg and 2.4 mg for a 60-kg individual, respectively) administered by a short-time infusion effectively treated patients with TIH. The fall in serum Ca was rapid, and normocalcemia was often maintained for several weeks. Zoledronate was well tolerated. Future trials will determine whether prolonged treatment with this potent compound can have greater effects on the skeletal morbidity rate in patients with tumor bone disease than can be achieved with currently available bisphosphonates.
Neurophysiological identification of the subthalamic nucleus in surgery for Parkinson's disease (1998)

Microelectrode recording methods for stereotactic localization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and surrounding structures are described. These methods accurately define targets for chronic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mean firing rates and a burst index were determined for all recorded neurons, and responses to active and passive limb and orofacial movements were tested. STN neurons had a mean firing rate of 37+/-17 Hz (n = 248) and an irregular firing pattern (median burst index, 3.3). Movement-related activity and tremor cells were identified in the STN. Ventral to the STN, substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons had a mean rate of 71+/-23 Hz (n = 56) and a more regular firing pattern (median burst index, 1.7). Short trains (1-2 seconds) of electrical microstimulation of STN could produce tremor arrest but were not found to be useful for localization. Compared with data from normal monkeys our findings suggest that STN neuronal activity is elevated in Parkinson's disease.
The investigation of the influence of laser re‐melting on density, surface quality and microstructure of selective laser melting parts (2011)

Purpose Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder metallurgical (PM) additive manufacturing process whereby a three‐dimensional part is built in a layer‐wise manner. During the process, a high intensity laser beam selectively scans a powder bed according to the computer‐aided design data of the part to be produced and the powder metal particles are completely molten. The process is capable of producing near full density (∼98‐99 per cent relative density) and functional metallic parts with a high geometrical freedom. However, insufficient surface quality of produced parts is one of the important limitations of the process. The purpose of this study is to apply laser re‐melting using a continuous wave laser during SLM production of 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V parts to overcome this limitation. Design/methodology/approach After each layer is fully molten, the same slice data are used to re‐expose the layer for laser re‐melting. In this manner, laser re‐melting does not only improve the surface quality on the top surfaces, but also has the potential to change the microstructure and to improve the obtained density. The influence of laser re‐melting on the surface quality, density and microstructure is studied varying the operating parameters for re‐melting such as scan speed, laser power and scan spacing. Findings It is concluded that laser re‐melting is a promising method to enhance the density and surface quality of SLM parts at a cost of longer production times. Laser re‐melting improves the density to almost 100 per cent whereas 90 per cent enhancement is achieved in the surface quality of SLM parts after laser re‐melting. The microhardness is improved in the laser re‐molten zone if sufficiently high‐energy densities are provided, probably due to a fine‐cell size encountered in the microstructure. Originality/value There has been extensive research in the field of laser surface modification techniques, e.g. laser polishing, laser hardening and laser surface melting, applied to bulk materials produced by conventional manufacturing processes. However, those studies only relate to laser enhancement of surface or sub‐surface properties of parts produced using bulk material. They do not aim at enhancement of core material properties, nor surface enhancement of (rough) surfaces produced in a PM way by SLM. This study is carried out to cover the gap and analyze the advantages of laser re‐melting in the field of additive manufacturing.
Speech corpus recycling for acoustic cross-domain environments for automatic speech recognition (2016)

In recent years, server-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have become ubiquitous, and unprecedented amounts of speech data are now available for system training. The availability of such training data has greatly improved ASR accuracy, but how to maximize the ASR performance in new domains or domains where ASR systems currently fail (thus limiting data availability) is still an important open question. In this paper, we propose a framework for mapping large speech corpora to different acoustic environments, so that such data can be transformed to build high-quality acoustic models for other acoustic domains. In our experiments using a large corpus, our proposed method reduced errors by 18.6%.
Application of Open Agent Architecture and Data Mining Techniques to Transformer Condition Assessment System (2005)

The framework of transformer condition assessment system is proposed in this paper through mainly using data warehouse techniques, data mining techniques, and Open Agent Architecture. In this system, a data warehouse is used to collect transformers testing data, a multi-agent system is used to design the framework of the software, and data mining techniques are used to evaluate transformers conditions. The present framework is open and flexible, so the objective system is easy to be developed and maintained. The system can support transformers condition-based maintenance to reduce electric utilitys cost.Because the condition of a transformer depends on its design, present and historical operating data, and relates to its installation environment, load amounts, and so on, it is necessary to integrate all above information to evaluate transformers condition. However, the off-line testing results, operational data, fault records and weather conditions have been stored in different systems, so finding an effective method to utilize all this information for condition assessment is difficult. Therefore, a data warehouse has been set up to integrate all of the above data, and some data mining techniques have been used to find the pattern and trend of the condition of a transformer. Then whether it is healthy can be determined. In order to make the system open and flexible, Open Agent Architecture (OAA) is employed to compose the multi-agent system. Seven application agents are designed to evaluate transformers conditions synthetically. The Grey correlation method, grey theory prediction model GM(1,1), Bayesian network classifier and Bayesian network are employed in the agents.
Karl-Ferdinand Werner, Vom Frankenreich zur Entfaltung Deutschlands und Frankreichs (1986)

Theis Laurent. Karl-Ferdinand Werner, Vom Frankenreich zur Entfaltung Deutschlands und Frankreichs. In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 41ᵉ année, N. 1, 1986. pp. 151-152.
The N-terminal Domain of Drosophila Gram-negative Binding Protein 3 (GNBP3) Defines a Novel Family of Fungal Pattern Recognition Receptors (2009)

Gram-negative binding protein 3 (GNBP3), a pattern recognition receptor that circulates in the hemolymph of Drosophila, is responsible for sensing fungal infection and triggering Toll pathway activation. Here, we report that GNBP3 N-terminal domain binds to fungi upon identifying long chains of beta-1,3-glucans in the fungal cell wall as a major ligand. Interestingly, this domain fails to interact strongly with short oligosaccharides. The crystal structure of GNBP3-Nter reveals an immunoglobulin-like fold in which the glucan binding site is masked by a loop that is highly conserved among glucan-binding proteins identified in several insect orders. Structure-based mutagenesis experiments reveal an essential role for this occluding loop in discriminating between short and long polysaccharides. The displacement of the occluding loop is necessary for binding and could explain the specificity of the interaction with long chain structured polysaccharides. This represents a novel mechanism for beta-glucan recognition.
Immunoglobulin M Capture Assay for Serologic Confirmation of Early Lyme Disease: Analysis of Immune Complexes with Biotinylated <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> Sonicate Enhanced with Flagellin Peptide Epitope (1998)

We previously reported on the efficacy of the enzyme-linked immunoglobulin M capture immune complex (IC) biotinylated antigen assay (EMIBA) for the seroconfirmation of early Lyme disease and active infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. In earlier work we identified non-cross-reacting epitopes of a number of B. burgdorferi proteins, including flagellin. We now report on an improvement in the performance of EMIBA with the addition of a biotinylated form of a synthetic non-cross-reacting immunodominant flagellin peptide to the biotinylated B. burgdorferi B31 sonicate antigen source with the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex detection system used in our recently developed indirect IgM-capture immune complex-based assay (EMIBA). As in our previous studies, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivities of antibodies liberated from circulating ICs (by EMIBA) were compared with those of antibodies in unprocessed serum (antibodies found free in the serum, thus as an IgM-capture ELISA, but not EMIBA, because the antibodies were not liberated from ICs), the sample usually used in standard ELISAs and Western blot assays. The addition of the flagellin epitope enhanced the ELISA signal obtained with untreated sera from many Lyme disease patients but not from healthy controls. In tests with both free antibodies and ICs, with or without the addition of the flagellin epitope to the sonicate, we found the most advantageous combination was IC as the source of antibodies and sonicate plus the flagellin epitope as the antigen. In a blinded study of sera obtained from patients with early and later-phase Lyme disease, EMIBA with the enhanced antigenic preparation compared favorably with other serologic assays, especially for the confirmation of early disease.
Development of a sequencing system for spatial decoding of DNA barcode molecules at single-molecule resolution (2020)

Single-cell transcriptome analysis has been revolutionized by DNA barcodes that index cDNA libraries, allowing highly multiplexed analyses to be performed. Furthermore, DNA barcodes are being leveraged for spatial transcriptomes. Although spatial resolution relies on methods used to decode DNA barcodes, achieving single-molecule decoding remains a challenge. Here, we developed an in-house sequencing system inspired by a single-molecule sequencing system, HeliScope, to spatially decode DNA barcode molecules at single-molecule resolution. We benchmarked our system with 30 types of DNA barcode molecules and obtained an average read length of ~20 nt with an error rate of less than 5% per nucleotide, which was sufficient to spatially identify them. Additionally, we spatially identified DNA barcode molecules bound to antibodies at single-molecule resolution. Leveraging this, we devised a method, termed "molecular foot printing", showing potential for applying our system not only to spatial transcriptomics, but also to spatial proteomics.
Yb/Er co-doped phosphate all-solid single-mode photonic crystal fiber (2014)

An all-solid Yb(3+)/Er(3+) co-doped single-mode phosphate photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with Watt-level output power and 20 μm core diameter is demonstrated for the first time. A PCF whose refractivity of the active core is lower than that of the background glass is suggested and theoretically confirmed to be in single-mode operation at 40 μm core diameter.
In-vitro development of in-vivo produced rhesus monkey morulae and blastocysts to hatched, attached, and post-attached blastocyst stages: morphology and early secretion of chorionic gonadotrophin (1993)

The earliest time of secretion of chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) by primate embryos and its role during preimplantation development and implantation are not clearly determined. We cultured in-vivo fertilized/developed zona-intact, morphologically normal morulae (n = 11) and early blastocysts (n = 11), freshly recovered (by non-surgical uterine flushing) on days 5 and 6 of pregnancy, respectively (day 0 = the day following LH surge), from non-superovulated naturally bred rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Embryos were cultured for a minimum of 24 days in dishes containing 1 ml of CMRL-1066 supplemented with 20% bovine fetal serum in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37 degrees C. The culture medium was changed every 48 h. The percentage of hatched blastocysts, developed from morulae and early blastocysts, was 90.9; elapsed times (mean +/- SEM) were 67.8 +/- 4.4 h (morula) and 37.8 +/- 3.6 h (blastocyst). The minimum number of Hoechst-stained cells/hatched blastocyst was 531. The mean diameter (+/- SEM) of cultured embryos increased from 180 microns at the beginning of culture to 374 +/- 28 and 450 +/- 19 microns at the fully expanded and hatched blastocyst stages, respectively. Hatched blastocysts continued to expand (maximum diameter: 1125 +/- 25 microns); after an additional 94-96 h they attached firmly to the serum-coated dishes and produced highly proliferating multinucleate trophectodermal cells, extending to a maximum diameter of 2-6 mm by 11-21 days of culture. Biologically active CG in embryo-grown, serial spent media samples was measured in a mouse Leydig cell bioassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Maximum Power Point Tracking under stand-alone operation using energy storage device (2012)

Due to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problem, renewable energy has become one of the important energy resources. For the purpose of efficient power generation of the renewable energy sources, MPPT control is essential. But if the power conditioning system operates under stand-alone mode, MPPT control is unavailable for the parameter control of the local load. This paper proposes a maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) method for stand-alone operation of Photovoltaic(PV) systems with energy storage system including a bi-directional charger/discharger. In this paper, the operation principles and control scheme are presented, along with the performance evaluation using PSIM simulation and hardware prototype. 500W hardware prototype has been implemented for the analysis verification.
Increased detection rate of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapes by the polymerase chain reaction as compared to modified FISH and southern‐blot analysi (1989)

Cervical scrapes from 80 women with a positive cytology result were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and compared to the results obtained with the modified filter in situ hybridisation (FISH) and the Southern-blot techniques. The sensitivity of the modified FISH and the Southern-blot was similar, and HPV was detected in 46% of the patients. The sensitivity of the PCR appeared to be higher, and HPV was detected in 70% of the patients. HPV-DNA could be detected in 46 of the 68 patients with mild dysplasia, in 6 of the 8 patients with severe dysplasia, and in all 4 patients with carcinoma in situ. In 18 patients (21%) more than one HPV type could be detected by the PCR. The control group consisted of 100 women involved in a triennial checkup programme, who had normal smear results and no history of cervical lesions. HPV was detected in 5% of the women by the PCR. The PCR technique detected HPV in a high proportion of the cervical scrapes from women with a positive cytology result. These results give further evidence for an important role of HPV in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition protects the kidney from hypertension-induced damage. (2004)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) have antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties and play a role in the maintenance of renal vascular function. A novel approach to increase EET levels is to inhibit epoxide hydrolase enzymes that are responsible for conversion of biologically active EET to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). We hypothesized that soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH) inhibition would improve renal vascular function and ameliorate hypertension induced renal damage. Chronic administration of the specific SEH inhibitor 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea (CDU, 3 mg/d) for 10 d lowered BP in angiotensin hypertensive rats. The contribution of renal vascular SEH to afferent arteriolar function in angiotensin hypertension was also assessed. SEH protein expression was increased in renal microvessels from hypertensive rats. Although CDU did not change afferent arteriolar responsiveness to angiotensin in normotensive animals, CDU treatment significantly attenuated afferent arteriolar diameter responses to angiotensin in hypertensive kidneys from 51% +/- 8% to 28% +/- 7%. Protection of the renal vasculature and glomerulus during chronic CDU administration was demonstrated by histology. Urinary albumin excretion, an index of renal damage, was also lower in CDU-treated hypertensive rats. These data demonstrate that SEH inhibition has antihypertensive and renal vascular protective effects in angiotensin hypertension and suggests that SEH inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic intervention for cardiovascular diseases.
Thermodynamic properties of C<sub>4</sub>mim[Tf<sub>2</sub>N] ionic liquids (2010)

Thermal stabilities and heat capacities of C4mim[Tf2N] ionic liquids are determined at the temperature range of 298–600 K by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. Heat capacities measured by DTA and DSC methods showed good agreements. Based on the linear equation of heat capacity data, thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy changes are calculated and fitted into regression equations. These property data would be essential for the applications of ionic liquids in heat transfer and thermal energy storage systems.
The Local Edge Machine: inference of dynamic models of gene regulation (2016)

We present a novel approach, the Local Edge Machine, for the inference of regulatory interactions directly from time-series gene expression data. We demonstrate its performance, robustness, and scalability on in silico datasets with varying behaviors, sizes, and degrees of complexity. Moreover, we demonstrate its ability to incorporate biological prior information and make informative predictions on a well-characterized in vivo system using data from budding yeast that have been synchronized in the cell cycle. Finally, we use an atlas of transcription data in a mammalian circadian system to illustrate how the method can be used for discovery in the context of large complex networks.