gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of estrogen on global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats (2000)

We investigated the effects of estrogen on global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats that were ovariectomized (Ovx), sham-operated, or ovariectomized and then given 17beta-estradiol (E(2)beta) supplementation (Ovx+E(2)beta). Hearts were excised, cannulated, perfused with and then immersed in chilled (4 degrees C) cardioplegia solution for 30 min, and then retrogradely perfused with warm (37 degrees C), oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer for 120 min. The coronary flow rate, first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and nitrite production were all significantly lower in Ovx than in sham-operated or Ovx+E(2)beta hearts. However, coronary flow rates or nitrate production were not consistently different throughout the entire reperfusion period. Ca(2+) accumulated more in Ovx rat hearts than in sham-operated or Ovx+E(2)beta hearts, and mitochondrial respiratory function was lower in Ovx hearts than in hearts from the other two groups. Marked interstitial edema and contraction bands were seen in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of Ovx rat hearts but not in hearts from either of the other groups. Hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid-stained sections revealed fewer viable myocytes in hearts from the Ovx group than from the sham or Ovx+E(2)beta group. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated more severely damaged mitochondria and ultrastructural damage to myocytes in Ovx rat hearts. Our results indicate that estrogen plays a cardioprotective role in global myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in female rats.
Mechanism of enhancement of percutaneous absorption of molsidomine by oleic acid. (1987)

The mechanism of percutaneous absorption of molsidomine, enhanced by a two-component system consisting of oleic acid and propylene glycol, was studied in vitro and in vitro in rats. About 10-20% of the oleic acid was absorbed from the skin independently of the oleic acid-propylene glycol ratio. In contrast, about 95% of molsidomine and propylene glycol were transdermally absorbed from the two-component system containing 10% oleic acid in 6 h. The permeability (percent of dose) of molsidomine through the excised rat skin was comparable to that of propylene glycol (both about 80% in 24h). These results suggest that the molsidomine and propylene glycol permeated simultaneously through rat skin. Our proposed mechanism of percutaneous absorption of molsidomine assumes that oleic acid and propylene glycol penetrate into the stratum corneum and improve the permeability of the skin by dissolving hard lipoidal components, and then molsidomine, dissolved in the propylene glycol, passes through the modified stratum corneum.
Closed-loop control of composition and temperature during the growth of InGaAs lattice matched to InP (1999)

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) are used to control the Ga mole fraction and substrate temperature, respectively, during the growth of InGaAs lattice matched to InP. Ga mole fraction is controlled to within ±0.002 of its target value and substrate temperature is controlled to within ±2 °C of its target value. The same growth under constant thermocouple control would result in a 50 °C rise in real substrate temperature and a Ga composition 1% above its target value. In both cases, feedback control is achieved using a nested proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop, where, the inner loop consists of the conventional Eurotherm-thermocouple feedback loop and the outer loop updates the thermocouple setpoint using a PID control loop implemented in the control software. For composition control, the Ga cell thermocouple setpoint is increased (decreased) 0.2 °C for every 0.002 that the Ga mole fraction, given by the SE sensor, deviates below (above) the target value. During substrate temperature control, the thermocouple setpoint is updated based on the temperature difference between the DRS sensor and the user setpoint. Frequency loop shaping, based on a dynamical model of the system obtained from an identification experiment, is used to tune the outer PID loop.
A mutant of rice lacking the leaf large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase has drastically reduced leaf starch content but grows normally (2007)

A mutant of rice was identified with a Tos17 insertion in OsAPL1, a gene encoding a large subunit (LSU) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). The insertion prevents production of a normal transcript from OsAPL1. Characterisation of the mutant (apl1) showed that the LSU encoded by OsAPL1 is required for AGPase activity in rice leaf blades. In mutant leaf blades, the AGPase small subunit protein is not detectable and the AGPase activity and starch content are reduced to <1 and <5% of that in wild type blades, respectively. The mutation also leads to a reduction in starch content in the leaf sheaths but does not significantly affect AGPase activity or starch synthesis in other parts of the plant. The sucrose, glucose and fructose contents of the leaves are not affected by the mutation. Despite the near absence of starch in the leaf blades, apl1 mutant rice plants grow and develop normally under controlled environmental conditions and show no reduction in productivity.
Rational Design of Biosafety Level 2-Approved, Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Nutrient Auxotrophy (2018)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, defined as tuberculosis resistant to the two first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampin, poses a serious problem for global tuberculosis control strategies. Lack of a safe and convenient model organism hampers progress in combating the spread of MDR strains of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> We reasoned that auxotrophic MDR mutants of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> would provide a safe means for studying MDR <i>M. tuberculosis</i> without the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory. Two different sets of triple auxotrophic mutants of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> were generated, which were auxotrophic for the nutrients leucine, pantothenate, and arginine or for leucine, pantothenate, and methionine. These triple auxotrophic strains retained their acid-fastness, their ability to generate both a drug persistence phenotype and drug-resistant mutants, and their susceptibility to plaque-forming mycobacterial phages. MDR triple auxotrophic mutants were obtained in a two-step fashion, selecting first for solely isoniazid-resistant or rifampin-resistant mutants. Interestingly, selection for isoniazid-resistant mutants of the methionine auxotroph generated isolates with single point mutations in <i>katG</i>, which encodes an isoniazid-activating enzyme, whereas similar selection using the arginine auxotroph yielded isoniazid-resistant mutants with large deletions in the chromosomal region containing <i>katG</i> These <i>M. tuberculosis</i> MDR strains were readily sterilized by second-line tuberculosis drugs and failed to kill immunocompromised mice. These strains provide attractive candidates for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> biology studies and drug screening outside the BSL3 facility.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Elimination of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, the bacterium causing tuberculosis, requires enhanced understanding of its biology in order to identify new drugs against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i> as well as uncovering novel pathways that lead to <i>M. tuberculosis</i> death. To circumvent the need for a biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory when conducting research on <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, we have generated drug-susceptible and drug-resistant triple auxotrophic strains of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> suitable for use in a BSL2 laboratory. These strains originate from a double auxotrophic <i>M. tuberculosis</i> strain, H37Rv Δ<i>panCD</i> Δ<i>leuCD</i>, which was reclassified as a BSL2 strain based on its lack of lethality in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. A third auxotrophy (methionine or arginine) was introduced via deletion of <i>metA</i> or <i>argB</i>, respectively, since <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Δ<i>metA</i> and <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Δ<i>argB</i> are unable to survive amino acid auxotrophy and infect their host. The resulting triple auxotrophic <i>M. tuberculosis</i> strains retained characteristics of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> relevant for most types of investigations.
Reaction of b-Aminocrotonamide with Amino Acid Esters (1982)

A c y l a m i n o r n e t h y l l -6 -m e t h y l p y r i m 1 d i n -4 3 H -s (A), whlch are synthesized from 8-aminocrotonamide ( 1 1 and N-acyl derivatives (2) of amino acid esters, have been found to be novel and versatrle precursors for the synthesis of imidazoll.5-aIpyrlmidlnes(4, 5 , a n d 3 1 and imldaroI4.5-blp~ridines(1).Reaction of 1 with?i n the presence of sodium methox~de in methanol gave 3 i n good yields.Heating of 3 wlth PPA at 100 -110' gave 6.8-disubstltuted 2-methyl- imidazo[l,5-a]pyrimidln-4(1Hl-ones ($1.However, heatlng of 3 ~1 t h PPA at 180 -190 gave 2-substituted 7-hydrony-5-methylimidaz0I4,5-blpyridines (21.Pyrirn~dmones (2) were treated wlth phosphorus oxychlorlde at 90' to glve 6.8disubstituted 2-chloro-4-methyllmidazo[l,5-a1py~1midin ( 6 1 and 4-chloro-2methylimidazo[l,5-alpyrimldines (7).Imidazo[l,5-a]pyrim~dines (6 and 71 were also obtained from chlorination of with phosphorus oxychlorlde.
Highly reduced organometallics. 4. Syntheses and chemistry of pentacarbonylvanadate(3-) ion, V(CO)53- (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly reduced organometallics. 4. Syntheses and chemistry of pentacarbonylvanadate(3-) ion, V(CO)53-John E. Ellis, Kristi Lenz Fjare, and Thomas G. HayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 20, 6100–6106Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00410a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00410a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploring social influence via posterior effect of word-of-mouth recommendations (2012)

Word-of-mouth has proven an effective strategy for promoting products through social relations. Particularly, existing studies have convincingly demonstrated that word-of-mouth recommendations can boost users' prior expectation and hence encourage them to adopt a certain innovation, such as buying a book or watching a movie. However, less attention has been paid to studying the posterior effect of word-of-mouth recommendations, i.e., whether or not word-of-mouth recommendations can influence users' posterior evaluation on the products or services recommended to them, the answer to which is critical to estimating user satisfaction when proposing a word-of-mouth marketing strategy. In order to fill this gap, in this paper we empirically study the above issue and verify that word-of-mouth recommendations are strongly associated with users' posterior evaluation. Through elaborately designed statistical hypothesis tests we prove the causality that word-of-mouth recommendations directly prompt the posterior evaluation of receivers. Finally, we propose a method for investigating users' social influence, namely, their ability to affect followers' posterior evaluation via word-of-mouth recommendations, by examining the number of their followers and their sensitivity of discovering good items. The experimental results on real datasets show that our method can successfully identify 78% influential friends with strong social influence.
Study on Plant Resources of National Forest Park of Source of Huaihe River (2004)

National forest park of source of Huaihe River lies at the valley of Tongbai Mountain of the south-west part of Henan province.There are 1886 species or varieties vascular plants of 181 families and 785 genuses. And there are plentiful Chinese herbal medicine plant resources, sight-seeing and many rare or almost extinct plants. The vertical distributions of forest vegetation have certain discrepancy. The plant species are various,and there are many primitive or ancient genes. It is a plant area being warm zone character. Meanwhile, the transition patterns from warm zone and subtropical zone to warm temperature zone are protruding, and its evolution and living patterns have rich diversity.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Calyculin C. 2. Synthesis of the C<sub>26</sub>−C<sub>37</sub> Fragment and Model Wittig Couplings (1996)

We report our synthesis of the C(26)-C(37) fragment of serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A inhibitor calyculin C (1). Outlined in this paper are synthetic approaches to the two components based on disconnection at the C(33)-N(3) amide bond. We report the successful synthesis of the C(33)-C(37) aza-sugar derived from D-lyxose which was coupled onto a C(26)-C(32) aminooxazole originating from L-pyroglutamic acid. Elaboration of the resulting amide to a fully deprotected C(26)-C(37) fragment of calyculin C completed our synthesis. This provided an appropriate phosphonium salt for use in a Wittig olefination for joining both halves of the natural product.
Recent progress in MEMS technology development for military applications (2001)

The recent progress of ongoing efforts at the Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) to develop microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology for military applications is discussed in this paper. The current maturity level of low cost, low power, micro devices in industry, which range from simple temperature and pressure sensors to accelerometers in airbags, provides a viable foundation for the development of rugged MEMS devices for dual-use applications. Early MEMS technology development efforts at AMCOM emphasized inertial MEMS sensors. An Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) project was initiated to develop low cost inertial components with moderate angular rate sensor resolution for measuring pitch and yaw of missile attitude and rotational roll rate. Leveraging the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and other Government agencies has resulted in the development of breadboard inertial MEMS devices with improved robustness. During the past two years, MEMS research at AMCOM has been expanded to include environmental MEMS sensors for missile health monitoring, RF-MEMS, optical MEMS devices for beam steering, and micro-optic 'benches' for opto-electronics miniaturization. Additionally, MEMS packaging and integration issues have come into focus and are being addressed. Selected ongoing research efforts in these areas are presented, and some horizon MEMS sensors requirements for Army and law enforcement are presented for consideration.
Dengue Virus NS2B/NS3 Protease Inhibitors Exploiting the Prime Side (2017)

The mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (DENV) infects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Maturation of DENV particles requires proper cleavage of the viral polyprotein, including processing of 8 of the 13 substrate cleavage sites by dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease. With no available direct-acting antiviral targeting DENV, NS2/NS3 protease is a promising target for inhibitor design. Current design efforts focus on the nonprime side of the DENV protease active site, resulting in highly hydrophilic and nonspecific scaffolds. However, the prime side also significantly modulates DENV protease binding affinity, as revealed by engineering the binding loop of aprotinin, a small protein with high affinity for DENV protease. In this study, we designed a series of cyclic peptides interacting with both sides of the active site as inhibitors of dengue virus protease. The design was based on two aprotinin loops and aimed to leverage both key specific interactions of substrate sequences and the entropic advantage driving aprotinin's high affinity. By optimizing the cyclization linker, length, and amino acid sequence, the tightest cyclic peptide achieved a <i>K<sub>i</sub></i> value of 2.9 μM against DENV3 wild-type (WT) protease. These inhibitors provide proof of concept that both sides of DENV protease active site can be exploited to potentially achieve specificity and lower hydrophilicity in the design of inhibitors targeting DENV.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Viruses of the flaviviral family, including DENV and Zika virus transmitted by <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, continue to be a threat to global health by causing major outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions, with no available direct-acting antivirals for treatment. A better understanding of the molecular requirements for the design of potent and specific inhibitors against flaviviral proteins will contribute to the development of targeted therapies for infections by these viruses. The cyclic peptides reported here as DENV protease inhibitors provide novel scaffolds that enable exploiting the prime side of the protease active site, with the aim of achieving better specificity and lower hydrophilicity than those of current scaffolds in the design of antiflaviviral inhibitors.
Proton‐exchange membranes by radiation grafting of styrene onto FEP films. II. Mechanism of thermal degradation in copolymer membranes (1994)

Abstract The thermal degradation of radiation‐grafted and sulfonated FEP‐ g ‐polystyrene membrane has been investigated in the temperature range 50–650°C in an inert gas atmosphere by thermogravimetry. The evolved gaseous products were analyzed by FTIR in combination with mass spectrometry to correlate weight losses at different temperatures with molecular composition of the copolymer membrane. On the basis of these results, a simple degradation model has been established. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non-scorable Response Detection for Automated Speaking Proficiency Assessment (2011)

We present a method that filters out non-scorable (NS) responses, such as responses with a technical difficulty, in an automated speaking proficiency assessment system. The assessment system described in this study first filters out the non-scorable responses and then predicts a proficiency score using a scoring model for the remaining responses. The data were collected from non-native speakers in two different countries, using two different item types in the proficiency assess-ment: items that elicit spontaneous speech and items that elicit recited speech. Since the pro-portion of NS responses and the features avail-able to the model differ according to the item type, an item type specific model was trained for each item type. The accuracy of the mod-els ranged between 75 % and 79 % in spon-taneous speech items and between 95 % and 97 % in recited speech items. Two different groups of features, signal pro-cessing based features and automatic speech recognition (ASR) based features, were im-plemented. The ASR based models achieved higher accuracy than the non-ASR based mod-els. 1
Orbital Floor Restoration (2005)

Orbital blow-out fractures reconstruction aims to restore the continuity of the orbital floor, to provide support of orbital contents and prevent soft tissues' fibrosis. Different materials have been tested over the years to reach this purpose. Traditionally, autogenous grafts have been used as the material of choice; in recent years alloplastic materials have gained popularity because of their availability and ease of use. The purpose of this study was to review materials used in orbital floor reconstructive surgery at the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of University of Rome "La Sapienza", with emphasis on their biocompatibility, their shaping features, and mechanical properties. This report presents the results obtained by the application of these products on 379 patients who underwent surgical treatment for blow-out fractures from 1995 to 2003: the diagnosis of fracture of the orbital floor was based on clinical symptoms and CT axial scanning through coronal reconstruction. Follow-up period spanned from 1 to 8 years.
Antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (2008)

End stage liver disease due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) worldwide. Regretfully, infection of the graft by HCV occurs almost universally after LT, causing chronic hepatitis and early progression to cirrhosis in a significant proportion of recipients. Moreover, graft and patient survival are significantly worse in patients undergoing LT for HCV-related cirrhosis than in those transplanted for other indications. Therefore, many LT centers consider antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin the mainstay of managing recurrent HCV disease in LT recipients. The optimal time to start treatment is unclear. In most instances, treatment is initiated when histological evidence of disease recurrence, either at protocol or on-demand liver biopsies, is observed after LT. However, antiviral treatment initiated before LT is a potential option for some patients for two reasons: first, clearing or suppressing HCV before LT may reduce or eliminate the risk of recurrent hepatitis C in the transplanted liver and thereby improve survival; second, clearing HCV in cirrhotic patient may halt disease progression and avoid the need for transplantation. In this article, the results obtained by pre-transplant antiviral regimens administered to HCV-positive cirrhotic patients awaiting LT are discussed.
Stochastic volatility and transaction time: an activity-based volatility estimator (1999)

A number of different specifications of stochastic volatility have been suggested to describe the empirical leptokurtic distributions of stock returns. Geman and Ané have shown that the nonnormality of asset returns exhibited on a high-frequency database of equity indexes can be corrected through a renormalization of time, namely by the use of a stochastic clock directed by the number of trades. Building on this research, the authors introduce in this paper a so-called activity-related volatility estimator. It is established that this estimator is a better predictor of future realized volatility than the historical volatility, which in turn is itself superior to the implied volatility.
Suppression of HIV‐1 transcription by β‐chemokines RANTES, MIP1‐α, and MIP‐1β is not mediated by the NFAT‐1 enhancer element (1997)

Soluble factors derived from human CD8+ T-lymphocytes inhibit HIV-1 replication by suppressing transcription from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR), an effect shown to be mediated in part by an NFAT-1 enhancer sequence. We show here that the CD8+ derived beta-chemokines, RANTES, MIP1-alpha, and MIP-1beta, known suppressors of HIV-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, can suppress transcription from the HIV-1 LTR in transient transfection assays in cells of the Jurkat (acute T leukemia) line. Surprisingly, the suppression mediated by these beta-chemokines persisted in the absence of an intact NFAT-1 element, suggesting that there are at least two classes of HIV-1 suppressor factors--NFAT-1-dependent and NFAT-1-independent factors--produced by CD8+ T-lymphocytes.