gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buffer and controller minimisation for time-constrained testing of system-on-chip (2004)

Test scheduling and test access mechanism (TAM) design are two important tasks in the development of a system-on-chip (SOC) test solution. Previous test scheduling techniques assume a dedicated designed TAM which has the advantage of high flexibility in the scheduling process. However hardware overhead is incurred for implementing the TAM and additional routing is required. In this paper, we propose a technique that makes use of the existing functional buses for the test data transportation inside the SOC. We have dealt with the test scheduling problem with this new assumption and developed a technique to minimise the test-controller and buffer size for a bus-based multi-core SOC. We have solved the problem by using a constraint logic programming (CLP) technique and demonstrated the efficiency of our approach by running experiments on benchmark designs.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (1997)

There are 30 or more groups of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), such as farmer's lung, bird fancier's disease, humidifier lung, air-conditioner disease, and summer-type HP. Regardless of the causative agent or its environmental setting, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the groups are similar. Immune-complex formation and complement activation might play a role during the early inflammatory phase of the disease. Much evidence, however, supports a more important role of T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction than humoral hyperresponsiveness in the development of the disease. High-resolution CT findings, a striking increase in the number of T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and the presence of specific IgG and IgA antibodies to the causative antigens in the patient's serum samples are helpful in differentiating HP from other interstitial lung diseases. Management and treatment involve avoidance of antigen exposure and occasional use of corticosteroid therapy.
Advances in Clay Science in China (2011)

Reports of scientific investigations published in Clays and Clay Minerals address a wide range of topics covering virtually every physical and natural science and thousands of industrial products and processes worldwide. Even though these nano-sized materials occur naturally throughout the Earth's crust, a large proportion of the studies carried out in the past regarding their origins, nature, and uses, as reported in Clays and Clay Minerals , have arisen predominantly from North America and Europe. In recent years, however, manuscript submissions from China have increased appreciably (Figure 1). In the current issue, a number of those studies were selected for a compilation in order to highlight the contributions being made by Chinese colleagues, which gives a glimpse into the types of clay research under way in that country. The manuscripts selected do not, of course, represent a comprehensive treatise of clay research in China, but rather an opportune emphasis that is intended to call attention to the work being done there.
A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. Septic shock patients with a reduced ejection fraction have a circulating factor that depresses in vitro myocardial cell performance. (1985)

We have previously described a subpopulation of patients with septic shock who had a reversible depression of radionuclide-determined left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). To investigate the mechanism of this myocardial depression, an in vitro model of mammalian myocardial cell performance was established employing primary spontaneously beating rat myocardial cells. The contraction of a single cardiac cell was quantitated by recording the changes in area occupied by the cell during contraction and relaxation. In 20 septic shock patients during the acute phase, the mean left ventricular EF was decreased (mean = 0.33, normal mean = 0.50), and serum obtained during this acute phase induced a mean (+/- standard error of the mean) 33 +/- 4% decrease in extent and 25 +/- 4% decrease in velocity of myocardial cell shortening during contraction (P less than 0.001). In contrast, serum obtained from 11 of these same patients before shock (n = 2) or after recovery (n = 9) of the left ventricular EF (mean = 0.50) showed a return toward normal in extent and velocity of shortening (P less than 0.001). Sera from 17 critically ill nonseptic patients, from 10 patients with structural heart disease as a cause for a depressed EF, and from 12 healthy laboratory personnel, induced no significant changes in in vitro myocardial cell performance. In 20 patients during the acute phase of septic shock, the decreased EF in vivo demonstrated a significant correlation (r = +0.52, P less than 0.01) with a decrease in the extent of myocardial cell shortening in vitro. The quantitative and temporal correlation between the decreased left ventricular EF and this serum myocardial depressant substance argues for a pathophysiologic role for this depressant substance in producing the reversible cardiomyopathy seen during septic shock in humans.
Effects of blood contamination of cerebrospinal fluid on western blot analysis for detection of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona and on albumin quotient and immunoglobulin G index in horses. (1999)

During collection of CSF from horses, contamination with blood may introduce serum antibodies against S neurona at concentrations sufficient for detection by WB analysis, thus yielding false-positive results. When blood is moderately or strongly immunoreactive, the amount of contaminating albumin may be small enough as to not increase AQ above reference range. In these cases, AQ and IgG index should be interpreted with caution.
GLASS CUTTING WITH ELONGATION OPTICS IN COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL METHODS BY LASER (2016)

In this study, the authors applied a pico-second 532 nm laser with state of art elongated optics on cutting soda lime glasses and compared the results with three other methods by conventional focusing technique namely; dice-and break, direct wobbling cut (both by UV laser), and stealth cut (by pico-second IR laser). The dice-and-break method has the fastest speed, however, the roughness is poor. The wobbling method is poor in both roughness and cutting speed. The dual-focused beam has the smoothest cross-section with fast speed in one step. Of the four methods, the elongation optics has the best overall performance. The improved quality attributes to a well-managed energy distribution.
A Spin Esaki Diode (2001)

We demonstrate electrical electron spin injection via interband tunneling in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic semiconductor Esaki diodes. An interband tunnel junction between ferromagnetic p + -(Ga,Mn)As and nonmagnetic n + -GaAs under reverse-bias allows spin-polarized tunneling of electrons from the valence band of (Ga, Mn)As to the conduction band of n + -GaAs. The spin polarization of tunneled electrons is probed by circular polarization of electroluminescence (EL) from an n-GaAs/InGaAs/p-GaAs light emitting structure integrated with the diode. Clear hysteresis loop with ±6.5% remanence is observed in the magnetic-field dependence of the EL polarization at 6 K, below the Curie temperature of (Ga, Mn)As.
Mathematically assisted adaptive body bias (ABB) for temperature compensation in gigascale LSI systems (2006)

Process variations and temperature variations can cause both the frequency and the leakage of the chip to vary significantly from their expected values, thereby decreasing the yield. Adaptive Body Bias (ABB) can be used to pull back the chip to the nominal operational region. We propose the use of this technique to counter temperature variations along with process variations. We present a CAD perspective for achieving process and temperature compensation using bidirectional ABB. Mathematical models are used to determine the exact amount of body bias required to optimize the delay and leakage, and an algorithmic flow that can be adopted for gigascale LSI systems is provided.
Amino acid residues critical for RNA-binding in the N-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid protein are essential determinants for the infectivity of coronavirus in cultured cells (2006)

The N-terminal domain of the coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein adopts a fold resembling a right hand with a flexible, positively charged beta-hairpin and a hydrophobic palm. This domain was shown to interact with the genomic RNA for coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Based on its 3D structure, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify residues essential for the RNA-binding activity of the IBV N protein and viral infectivity. Alanine substitution of either Arg-76 or Tyr-94 in the N-terminal domain of IBV N protein led to a significant decrease in its RNA-binding activity and a total loss of the infectivity of the viral RNA to Vero cells. In contrast, mutation of amino acid Gln-74 to an alanine, which does not affect the binding activity of the N-terminal domain, showed minimal, if any, detrimental effect on the infectivity of IBV. This study thus identifies residues critical for RNA binding on the nucleocapsid surface, and presents biochemical and genetic evidence that directly links the RNA binding capacity of the coronavirus N protein to the viral infectivity in cultured cells. This information would be useful in development of preventive and treatment approaches against coronavirus infection.
Characterization of an <i>ntrX</i> Mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Reveals a Response Regulator That Controls Expression of Respiratory Enzymes in Oxidase-Positive Proteobacteria (2013)

NtrYX is a sensor-histidine kinase/response regulator two-component system that has had limited characterization in a small number of Alphaproteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of the response regulator NtrX showed that this two-component system is extensively distributed across the bacterial domain, and it is present in a variety of Betaproteobacteria, including the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of several components of the respiratory chain was reduced in an N. gonorrhoeae ntrX mutant compared to that in the isogenic wild-type (WT) strain 1291. These included the cytochrome c oxidase subunit (ccoP), nitrite reductase (aniA), and nitric oxide reductase (norB). Enzyme activity assays showed decreased cytochrome oxidase and nitrite reductase activities in the ntrX mutant, consistent with microarray data. N. gonorrhoeae ntrX mutants had reduced capacity to survive inside primary cervical cells compared to the wild type, and although they retained the ability to form a biofilm, they exhibited reduced survival within the biofilm compared to wild-type cells, as indicated by LIVE/DEAD staining. Analyses of an ntrX mutant in a representative alphaproteobacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus, showed that cytochrome oxidase activity was also reduced compared to that in the wild-type strain SB1003. Taken together, these data provide evidence that the NtrYX two-component system may be a key regulator in the expression of respiratory enzymes and, in particular, cytochrome c oxidase, across a wide range of proteobacteria, including a variety of bacterial pathogens.
Distributed medical intelligence. A systems approach for developing and integrative health care information distribution infrastructure. (1996)

Recent trends in healthcare informatics and telemedicine indicate that systems are being developed with a primary focus on technology and business, not on the process of medicine itself. Distributed Medical Intelligence promotes the development of an integrative medical communication system which addresses the process of providing expert medical knowledge to the point of need.
The dynamical analogy between microbial growth on mixtures of substrates and population growth of competing species (1998)

There is a similarity between the metabolic dynamics of a microbial species growing on a mixture of two substrates and the dynamics of growth of two competing populations. Specifically, the enzymes catalyzing the uptake and catabolism of substrates exhibit phenomena analogous to extinction and coexistence."Extinction" of the enzymes associated with one of the substrates results in sequential utilization of the substrates (diauxie) (Monod, 1942). "Coexistence" of the enzymes associated with the substrates results in simultaneous utilization of the substrates (Egli, 1995). Here, we formulate a simple model that shows the basis for this dynamical similarity: The equations describing the evolution of the enzyme levels are dynamical analogs of the Lotka-Volterra model for two competing species. The analogy suggests ways of capturing the experimentally observed preculture-dependent growth patterns, i.e., growth patterns that vary depending on the physiological state of the preculture.
[Anabolic and androgenic activities of 17-alpha-methyltestosterone and related steroids in castrated rats and mice]. (1964)

17α-Methyltestosterone (Ⅰ) and related steroids were studied for their anabolic and androgenic activities in castrated rats and mice. For rats the levator ani weight was taken as the criterion of anabolic activity, and the weight of the seminal vesicles served as a measure of androgenic activity. For mice the same parameters were used and, besides, the kidney weight was employed as an additional measure of anabolic activity. Results indicated that the anabolic and androgenic activities of 17α-methyl-(5α)-androstane-17β-ol-3-one (Ⅱ) or 17α-methyl-(5α)-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (Ⅲ), 4,5-hydro-genated analogues of (Ⅰ), at a dosage of 30 mg/kg by garage in castrated rats, were not significantly different from those of Ⅰ. However, when the doses were reduced to 12.5 mg/kg, the anabolic activity of Ⅱ in castrated mice was much greater than that of Ⅰ, while the androgenic activity of the two compounds was approximately equal. The anabolic and androgenic activities.of Ⅲ were weaker as compared with those of Ⅰ.The compound 17α-methyl-(5α)-androstane-17β-ol (Ⅳ) (3-deoxy-analog of Ⅰ) at a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg by gavage in castrated rats was shown to be more active on the levator ani and the seminal vesicles than Ⅰ. In castrated mice, Ⅳ caused similar anabolic effects as Ⅰ in doses of 12.5 mg/kg, while its androgenic potency was only one third of that of Ⅰ. Castrated rats and mice were treated with 5α-androstane-3-ol and 5α-androstane-3-one (17-deoxy analogue of testosterone) by gavage or by injection at a dosage of 30 and 40 mg/kg. Neither anabolic nor androgenic activities were observed. From the above results, it may be concluded that removal of the oxygen atom from C_3 and hydrogenation at C_4 and C_5 in 17α-methyltestosterone molecule may increase anabolic and/or decrease androgenic activity, while removal of the oxygen from C_(17) of testosterone results in loss of both anabolic and androgenic activities. In view of the increase in anabolic activity by removal of the oxygen at C_3, synthesis of and pharmacological studies on a series of 3-deoxy analogues of testosterone and cortisone are in progress and will be reported in due course.
Message-optimal connected dominating sets in mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

A connected dominating set (CDS) for a graph G(V,E) is a subset V1 of V, such that each node in V--V1 is adjacent to some node in V1, and V1 induces a connected subgraph. A CDS has been proposed as a virtual backbone for routing in wireless ad hoc networks. However, it is NP-hard to find a minimum connected dominating set (MCDS). Approximation algorithms for MCDS have been proposed in the literature. Most of these algorithms suffer from a very poor approximation ratio, and from high time complexity and message complexity. Recently, new distributed heuristics for constructing a CDS were developed, with constant approximation ratio of 8. These new heuristics are based on a construction of a spanning tree, which makes it very costly in terms of communication overhead to maintain the CDS in the case of mobility and topology changes.In this paper, we propose the first distributed approximation algorithm to construct a MCDS for the unit-disk-graph with a emph constant approximation ratio, and emph linear time and emph linear message complexity. This algorithm is fully localized, and does not depend on the spanning tree. Thus, the maintenance of the CDS after changes of topology guarantees the maintenance of the same approximation ratio. In this algorithm each node requires knowledge of its single-hop neighbors, and only a constant number of two-hop and three-hop neighbors. The message length is O( log n) bits.
Ultrasound bone detection using patient-specific CT prior (2012)

Registration of pre-operative CT datasets to intra-operative 3D freehand ultrasound has been of high interest for computer assisted orthopedic surgery. Feature-based registration relies on an accurate detection of the bone surface in the B-mode ultrasound images. In this work we present a fully automatic bone detection approach for US. The pre-operative CT is utilized to create a patient-specific bone model for our joint detection-registration framework. The model provides a geometric constraint for accurate and robust detection. Simultaneously to the detection, our method yields a close estimate of the rigid transformation from US to CT, which can be used as an initialization for further refinement through sophisticated intensity-/feature-based registration methods. We evaluated our approach on datasets of the human femur acquired in a cadaver study and demonstrate a mean bone detection error of below 0.4 mm.
An improved procedure for the isolation of intact chloroplasts of high photosynthetic capacity (1984)

An improved procedure for the mechanical isolation of chloroplasts of high degree of intactness (90-95%) and photosynthetic capacity (25-50 mmol of O2/s per mol of chlorophyll) is described. The combination of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) as starting material and the high reproducibility of the procedure readily and cheaply yields reliable intact chloroplasts for photosynthetic studies.
Mathematical modeling of melting of nano-sized metal particles (2011)

A physicomathematical model is developed to describe melting of nano-sized aluminum and gold particles within the framework of a single-phase Stefan problem with allowance for the experimentally established fact of melting temperature reduction with decreasing particle radius. The time of melting of aluminum and gold nanoparticles is determined as a function of the particle radius and ambient temperature. At identical ratios of the ambient temperature to the melting temperature, the ratio of the time of melting of aluminum particles to the time of melting of gold particles is found to remain approximately constant and equal to 4.
Noxed - A NOX Engine World Editor (2016)

Noxed is a 2D level editor built for – and with – the NOX Engine. It leverages the JSON file format of actors and world files to construct a world file that can be understood by the built-in means of world loading within the NOX Engine. It eases the process of creating levels for the games without the tedium of manual JSON addition or reliance on procedural generation to make game worlds of scale. The editor is configurable by the game developers, and they can manage the actors that can be used and expose options within their components for the level designer. In addition to that, the Noxed extensions to the engine provides a means of constructing modular graphical tile maps out of smart, context-sensitive tile maps.
Flexible dv/dt and di/dt control method for insulated gate power switches (2002)

Active gate control techniques are introduced in this paper for flexibly and independently controlling the dv/dt and di/dt of insulated-gate power devices during hard-switching events. In the case of dv/dt control, the output voltage dv/dt can be controlled over a wide range by electronically adjusting the effective gate-to-drain (-collector) capacitance (i.e., Miller capacitance). For di/dt control, similar techniques are applied for electronically adjusting the output current di/dt over a wide range using voltage feedback from a small inductor connected in series with the switch's source (emitter) terminal. Both techniques are designed to maximize their compatibility with power module implementations that combine the power switch and its gate drive, including integrated circuit gate drives. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the desirable performance characteristics of the presented dv/dt and di/dt control techniques.
Treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (2008)

Treating inborn errors of metabolism is a complex task that should be performed by a multidisciplinary team of which the pediatrician is the key member. This article provides practical information relating to the management of some inborn errors of metabolism and provides pediatricians with a general overview of recent developments in this area of medicine.
Targeting two co-operating cytokines efficiently shapes immune responses (2013)

For simultaneously mobilizing the adaptive and innate immune system against cancer, we fused interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 to generate a dual cytokine moiety that is targeted to neoplastic lesions by an antibody-binding domain. This approach elicits a broader attack of the immune system against cancer than the use of each cytokine alone.
Anesthesia for day-case surgery: a decade of remarkable progress (1997)

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5161 Harry Hines Boulevard, CS2.202, Dallas, TX 75235-9068, USA.
The design of TSC error C/D circuits for SEC/DED codes (1988)

A design technique for totally self-checking (TSC) error correcting/detection (C/D) circuits of single error correcting, double error detection (SEC/DED) codes is described. The structure of these circuits achieves concurrent fault detection and location under normal input conditions. A separate internal fault indication is provided. This improves the reliability, maintainability, and availability of the entire fault-tolerant system because faults are repaired before the appearance of input errors. The error C/D circuits are composed of TSC error detectors, error locators, and error correctors. These circuits are two-rail TSC checkers and are designed using an algebraic approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Verification of four-wave mixing suppression in WDM transmission experiments on the FSA commercial system with dispersion managed optical fiber cable (2005)

Summary form only given. This paper reports the results of WDM transmission experiments done using the FSA commercial submarine amplifier system: which manages the fiber cable dispersion to transmit a single-NRZ l0-Gbit/s signal.