gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Localized Deterioration Distributed along Single Pipelines by Reconstructive MOC Analysis (2014)

The detection of localized deterioration that is distributed along pipelines, including wall thickness reduction caused by large scale corrosion, is essential for targeted pipeline maintenance and the prevention of pipe failure. This paper proposes a novel technique for the detection of distributed deterioration along a pipeline by estimating the distribution of pipeline properties using a measured pressure transient trace. The proposed technique is referred to as reconstructive method of characteristics (MOC) analysis, and it is an inverse process of the traditional forward MOC calculation. The reconstructive MOC analysis reconstructs the MOC grid and estimates the pipe parameters, such as impedance and wave speed, reach by reach from downstream to upstream. Numerical simulations are performed on a pipeline with three pipe sections of impedance changes. These deteriorated sections are accurately detected and located by using the new technique. Experimental verification is also performed by successfully detecting a section of pipe with a thinner wall thickness in a single pipeline.
In situ hybridization: A valuable tool in diagnostic pathology (1992)

In situ hybridization or hybridohistochemistry has evolved in recent years in a new histologic modality. In situ hybridization (ISH) can be used for the detection of DNA (DISH) or RNA (RISH). The potential diagnostic value within a pathologic setting are well recognized. In this review paper, we summarize the use of DISH in a pathologic setting for the detection of chromosomal aberrations and localization of DNA-viruses like cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus. RISH which is still in a more experimental stage can be applied for the localization of RNA-virus, like human immunodeficiency virus. However, the most important application of RISH will be the detection of gene-expression at the level of mRNA. Potentially this has many applications especially in early diagnostics of neoplastic tissues. Finally, we have summarized some pitfalls which may hamper the introduction of in situ hybridization for diagnostic purposes and some future developments in ISH.
Effects of increased ventilation on lung lymph flow in unanesthetized sheep (1986)

To determine the effect of an increase in spontaneous minute ventilation on lung fluid balance, we added external dead space to the breathing circuit of six tracheostomized, unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing sheep in which lung lymph fistulas had been created surgically. The addition of 120-180 ml of dead space caused minute ventilation to increase by 50-100% (secondary to increases in both tidal volume and frequency), without changing pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, or arterial blood gas tensions. The increase in spontaneous ventilation was associated with an average increase of 27% in lung lymph flow (P less than 0.05) and an average reduction of 11% in the lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio (L/P) for total protein (P less than 0.05). Lymph flow and L/P for total protein approached stable values after 2-3 h of hyperpnea, and the increase in lymph flow persisted for at least 18 h of dead-space breathing. Removal of dead space was associated with a rapid return (within 45 min) of lymph flow to base-line levels. These results suggest that hyperpnea increases the pulmonary transvascular filtration rate. Since no changes in vascular pressures or cardiac output were observed, this increase in transvascular filtration is most likely due to a fall in interstitial fluid pressure.
Examination of raw beef products for the presence of Vero cytotoxin producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> , particularly those of serogroup O157 (1993)

Fifty-four of 310 (17%) samples of raw beef products contained Vero cytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) detected by DNA probes for the VT genes. VTEC strains examined in detail from a selection of the positive samples belonged to several O serogroups, some of which have been associated with human diarrhoea or haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Some of the strains possessed properties that may contribute to virulence in man. None of the food samples contained VT-producing E. coli O157 when tested by a combination of VT probe tests and colony immunoblotting with commercially available anti-O157 serum. Quantification of the immunoblotting technique indicated that O157 VTEC could be recovered from artificially-inoculated meat samples at a level of less than one organism per gram. Five of the food samples carried E. coli O157 strains that did not produce VT and differed in other properties from O157 VTEC.
User-level secure deletion on log-structured file systems (2012)

Deleting a file from a storage medium serves two purposes: it reclaims storage resources and ensures that any sensitive information contained in the file becomes inaccessible. When done for the latter purpose, it is critical that the file is securely deleted, meaning that its content does not persist on the storage medium after deletion. Secure deletion is the act of deleting data from a storage medium such that the data is afterwards irrecoverable from the storage medium. The time between deleting data and it becoming irrecoverable is called the deletion latency.
Modification of Sample Size in Group Sequential Clinical Trials (1999)

In group sequential clinical trials, sample size reestimation can be a complicated issue when it allows for change of sample size to be influenced by an observed sample path. Our simulation studies show that increasing sample size based on an interim estimate of the treatment difference can substantially inflate the probability of type I error in most practical situations. A new group sequential test procedure is developed by modifying the weights used in the traditional repeated significance two-sample mean test. The new test has the type I error probability preserved at the target level and can provide a substantial gain in power with the increase of sample size. Generalization of the new procedure is discussed.
Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of<i>Ascaris suum</i> (1996)

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg−1. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml−1. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml−1. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml−1. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl−-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl− ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca2+ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca2+ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl− conductance is discussed.
Synergy and contingency as driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by <i>Streptomyces</i> species (2003)

In this article we briefly review theories about the ecological roles of microbial secondary metabolites and discuss the prevalence of multiple secondary metabolite production by strains of Streptomyces, highlighting results from analysis of the recently sequenced Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis genomes. We address this question: Why is multiple secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces species so commonplace? We argue that synergy or contingency in the action of individual metabolites against biological competitors may, in some cases, be a powerful driving force for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production. This argument is illustrated with examples of the coproduction of synergistically acting antibiotics and contingently acting siderophores: two well-known classes of secondary metabolite. We focus, in particular, on the coproduction of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors, the coproduction of type A and type B streptogramins, and the coregulated production and independent uptake of structurally distinct siderophores by species of Streptomyces. Possible mechanisms for the evolution of multiple synergistic and contingent metabolite production in Streptomyces species are discussed. It is concluded that the production by Streptomyces species of two or more secondary metabolites that act synergistically or contingently against biological competitors may be far more common than has previously been recognized, and that synergy and contingency may be common driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by these sessile saprophytes.
Shape control in Sendzimir mills using both crown and intermediate roll actuators (1990)

A control philosophy utilizing both the As-U-Rolls and first intermediate rolls as shape control mechanisms is described. A robustness result for the design is developed. The result is useful, because such a mill is normally used to roll a large number of materials, and a single controller must therefore be used for many different schedules. A variety of simulation results are presented, showing the transient responses and performance of the multivariable shape control system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of an Epoxy-Functional Polyacrylate Emulsion to Textiles (1982)

Abstract A thermosetting composition consisting of an epoxy-functional polyacrylate emulsion and a minor proportion of polyethylenimine (PEI) is shown to form a durable finish on textile fabrics when applied by padding or exhaustion from a long liquor. In this system, the PEI plays a dual role of cross-linking agent and deposition aid (the latter in exhaust application). The properties of treated fabrics are modified by the deposition of polymer on fiber surfaces and the formation of bonds between adjacent fibers. The frequency of formation of interfiber bonds depends on the method of application and appears to determine such properties as shrink-resistance in wool and improved wrinkle recovery in nylon and cotton. Pad application is the more efficient on wool and nylon, whereas on cotton, both methods of application confer similar performance. The treatment is superior to treatment with commercial self-cross-linking polyacrylate emulsions in forming a highly durable finish on unmodified wool which, because of the hydrophobic character of its surface is a poor substrate for conventional textile adhesives.
Cytokines prevent dexamethasone-induced apoptosis via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways in a new multiple myeloma cell line. (2000)

A new human myeloma cell line, OPM-6, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with advanced IgG-kappa plasma cell leukemia. Cytogenetic and phenotypic analysis confirmed that the cells were derived from the patient's leukemic cells. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts as an autocrine growth factor in these cells. In addition, OPM-6 cells were particularly sensitive to dexamethasone (DEX), when endogenous IGF-1 was blocked. Under these conditions, >95% of the DEX-treated cells died within 36 h. Therefore, OPM-6 represents a potentially powerful tool for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of DEX-induced apoptosis, because it is possible to easily analyze the direct effects of DEX using this system. Using this culture system of OPM-6, we demonstrated that the treatment with DEX plus a monoclonal antibody to the human IGF-1 receptor (alphaIGF-1R) leads to the down-regulation of the gene expression of Bcl-xL, an antiapoptotic gene, and the activation of CPP32 during this apoptotic process. IFN-alpha as well as IL-6 prevented DEX plus alphaIGF-1R-induced apoptosis, and this prevention was blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, PD098059, or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. Therefore, both IL-6 and IFN-alpha blocked DEX plus alphaIGF-1R-induced apoptosis through activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways.
Review: Karl Durr, Alte und Neue Logik (1947)

The first chemical study on the stems and leaves of Daphniphyllum yunnanense led to the isolation of five new alkaloids, daphniyunnines A-E (1-5). Daphniyunnines B-E (2-5) are four unusual C-22 nor-Daphniphyllum alkaloids. The structures of these alkaloids were characterized by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the structure of 1. Daphniyunnine D (4) showed cytotoxicity against two tumor cell lines, P-388 and A-549, with IC(50) values of 3.0 and 0.6 microM, respectively.
Woven Temperature and Humidity Sensors on Flexible Plastic Substrates for E-Textile Applications (2013)

In this paper, a woven textile containing temperature and humidity sensors realized on flexible, plastic stripes is presented. The authors introduce two different sensors fabrication techniques: the first one consists of a conventional photolithography patterning technique; the second one, namely inkjet-printing, is here presented as an effective, low-cost alternative. In both cases, we obtain temperature and humidity sensors that can be easily integrated within a fabric by using a conventional weaving machine. All the sensors are fully characterized and the performances obtained with the two different fabrication techniques are compared and discussed, pointing out advantages and drawbacks resulting from each fabrication technique. The bending tests performed on these sensors show that they can be successfully woven without being damaged. A demonstrator, consisting of a mechanical support for the e-textile, a read-out electronic circuit, and a graphical PC interface to monitor the acquisition of humidity and temperature values, is also presented and described. This paper opens an avenue for real integration between printed electronics and traditional textile technology and materials. Printing techniques may be successfully used for the fabrication of e-textile devices, paving the way for the production of large area polymeric stripes and thus enabling new applications that, at the moment, cannot be developed with the standard lithography methods.
Patrol Strategies to Maximize Pristine Forest Area (2021)

Illegal extraction of forest resources is fought, in many developing countries, by patrols that try to make this activity less profitable, using the threat of confiscation. With a limited budget, officials will try to distribute the patrols throughout the forest intelligently, in order to most effectively limit extraction. Prior work in forest economics has formalized this as a Stackelberg game, one very different in character from the discrete Stackelberg problem settings previously studied in the multiagent literature. Specifically, the leader wishes to minimize the distance by which a profit-maximizing extractor will trespass into the forest---or to maximize the radius of the remaining ``pristine'' forest area. The follower's cost-benefit analysis of potential trespass distances is affected by the likelihood of being caught and suffering confiscation. In this paper, we give a near-optimal patrol allocation algorithm and a 1/2-approximation algorithm, the latter of which is more efficient and yields simpler, more practical patrol allocations. Our simulations indicate that these algorithms substantially outperform existing heuristic allocations.
Electronic Processes in Noncrystalline Materials (1973)

It is hard to think of a physicist other than Professor Mott who would be able to attempt successfully a book of such a broad compass and in Dr Davis, a specialist in the field of amorphous semiconductors, he has found an ideal co-author. The book is divided into two parts: the first deals with the theory of electrons in a noncrystalline medium and its application to liquid metals, amorphous semimetals and semiconductors.
Sympathetic dystrophies (1990)

The sympathetic dystrophies are poorly understood and underdiagnosed, especially in their milder forms. Although the two major syndromes, causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy, are similar in many aspects, significant differences remain in clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and management. This discussion of these syndromes focuses on clinical presentation and diagnosis for the primary care physician.
Transcription Factor SOX9 Plays a Key Role in the Regulation of Visual Cycle Gene Expression in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2014)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) performs specialized functions to support retinal photoreceptors, including regeneration of the visual chromophore. Enzymes and carrier proteins in the visual cycle function sequentially to regenerate and continuously supply 11-cis-retinal to retinal photoreceptor cells. However, it is unknown how the expression of the visual cycle genes is coordinated at the transcriptional level. Here, we show that the proximal upstream regions of six visual cycle genes contain chromatin-accessible sex-determining region Y box (SOX) binding sites, that SOX9 and LIM homeobox 2 (LHX2) are coexpressed in the nuclei of mature RPE cells, and that SOX9 acts synergistically with orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) to activate the RPE65 and retinaldehyde binding protein 1 (RLBP1) promoters and acts synergistically with LHX2 to activate the retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR) promoter. ChIP reveals that SOX9 and OTX2 bind to the promoter regions of RPE65, RLBP1, and RGR and that LHX2 binds to those of RPE65 and RGR in bovine RPE. ChIP with human fetal RPE cells shows that SOX9 and OTX2 also bind to the human RPE65, RLBP1, and RGR promoters. Conditional inactivation of Sox9 in mouse RPE results in reduced expression of several visual cycle genes, most dramatically Rpe65 and Rgr. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis predicts that multiple common microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate visual cycle genes, and cotransfection of miRNA mimics with luciferase reporter constructs validated some of the predicted miRNAs. These results implicate SOX9 as a key regulator of visual cycle genes, reveal for the first time the functional role of LHX2 in the RPE, and suggest the possible regulation of visual cycle genes by common miRNAs.
A Simple, Low-Cost Timing Device for Mammal Traps (1980)

Journal Article A Simple, Low-Cost Timing Device for Mammal Traps Get access Philip C. Withers, Philip C. Withers Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Republic of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Achleitner K. Achleitner Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, Republic of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 61, Issue 1, 20 February 1980, Pages 153–155, https://doi.org/10.2307/1379978 Published: 20 February 1980 Article history Received: 29 September 1978 Accepted: 31 May 1979 Published: 20 February 1980
Dimensional Crossover of Low-Energy Magnetic Excitation for Delafossite Oxide Cu<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ag<sub><i>x</i></sub>CrO<sub>2</sub> with a Spin-3/2 Antiferromagnetic Triangular Sublattice (2009)

Dimensional crossover from anisotropic-three-dimensional (3D) to 2D low-energy magnetic excitations was found in delafossite oxide Cu 1- x Ag x CrO 2 having a spin-3/2 antiferromagnetic (AF) triangular lattice. The crossover is evidenced by a decrease in AF transition temperature ( T N ), distinct 2D magnetic excitations above T N for Cu 0.85 Ag 0.15 CrO 2 , a disappearance of a peak of magnetic specific heat ( C mag ) around T N , and a successive change from T 3 to T 2 dependence of low- T C mag accompanying a low- T shift of magnetic entropy. These results may suggest a gradual change from AF to spin-liquid like states with an increase in x .
With similar visual angles, larger displays improve spatial performance (2003)

Large wall-sized displays are becoming prevalent.Although researchers have articulated qualitative benefits of group work on large displays, little work has been done to quantify the benefits for individual users.We ran two studies comparing the performance of users working on a large projected wall display to that of users working on a standard desktop monitor.In these studies, we held the visual angle constant by adjusting the viewing distance to each of the displays.Results from the first study indicate that although there was no significant difference in performance on a reading comprehension task, users performed about 26% better on a spatial orientation task done on the large display.Results from the second study suggest that the large display affords a greater sense of presence, allowing users to treat the spatial task as an egocentric rather than an exocentric rotation.We discuss future work to extend our findings and formulate design principles for computer interfaces and physical workspaces.
Koch's Postulates and the Etiology of Rickettsial Diseases (1987)

VICTORIA A. HARDEN; Koch's Postulates and the Etiology of Rickettsial Diseases, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 42, Issue 3, 1 J
Design and synthesis of benzothiadiazole–oligothiophene polymers for organic solar cell applications (2012)

A series of p-type copolymers based on oligothiophene and benzothiadiazole units was synthesised via Stille coupling and their physical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties were evaluated. The polymers varied in the number and type of oligothiophene units as well as in the position of the solubilizing alkyl chains relative to the benzothiadiazole unit. These differences in the polymer structure had a significant impact on the thin-film transistor mobility and the solar cell power conversion efficiency, thus illustrating the importance of these design factors for polymers in optoelectronic applications.
A meshless Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics algorithm for surgical simulation (2010)

Abstract A method is presented for computing deformation of very soft tissue. The method is motivated by the need for simple, automatic model creation for real‐time simulation. The method is meshless in the sense that deformation is calculated at nodes that are not part of an element mesh. Node placement is almost arbitrary. Fully geometrically nonlinear Total Lagrangian formulation is used. Geometric integration is performed over a regular background grid that does not conform to the simulation geometry. Explicit time integration is used via the central difference method. As an example the simple but fully nonlinear Neo‐Hookean material model is employed. The results are compared with a finite element simulation to verify the usefulness of the method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.