gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olestra affects serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids but not vitamin D or vitamin K status in free-living subjects. (1997)

Normal, healthy, free-living adults ingested either 18 g/d olestra, with or without 1.1 mg tocopheryl acetate/g olestra, or 18 g/d triglyceride placebo, for 16 wk in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, retinol and cholesterol were measured biweekly. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and plasma concentration of functional prothrombin (Simplastin-Ecarin assay) were measured at wk 0, 8 and 16. Relative to the placebo group, serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was reduced 6% for the group given 18 g/d olestra. Addition of tocopheryl acetate to olestra partially offset the effect of olestra. For the group given 18 g/d olestra plus 1.1 mg tocopheryl acetate/g olestra, serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was 4% less than the placebo value. Olestra reduced serum concentration of beta-carotene by 27%; the other carotenoids were similarly affected. Serum cholesterol concentration was reduced approximately 4.5% in the olestra groups, relative to placebo, but the differences were not significant. Serum triglycerides, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time or the plasma concentration of under-gamma-carboxylated prothrombin were unaffected by olestra. Clinical observations and laboratory measures indicated no health-related effects of olestra; mild-to-moderate transient gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, cramping, loose stools and diarrhea were reported by all groups.
<i>EGFR</i>Mutation Conferring Primary Resistance to Gefitinib in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

To the Editor: Patients with lung cancer who respond to gefitinib have been reported to have somatic mutations consisting of deletions in exon 19 and the L858R mutation in exon 21 of the epidermal ...
Selective Predictive Value of Rapid Automatized Naming in Poor Readers (1998)

This study considers the differential predictive value of rapid naming tests for various aspects of later reading, where the differential is between nondisabled and poor readers. Two large-N longitudinal samples of students who have been evaluated from third through eighth grades are studied: (a) a randomly accessed, normally distributed group including students with varying degrees of reading ability (N = 154), and (b) a group of poor readers whose single-word reading in third grade is at or below the population 10th percentile (N = 64). Outcomes in fifth and eighth grade were measured in both groups. Single-word reading in both grades was strongly predicted from third-grade rapid naming only within the poor readers, even when IQ, socioeconomic status, and third-grade single-word reading were statistically controlled. Although rapid naming had predictive value within the large, normally distributed group, its predictive power was entirely absent in the average-reading nondisabled students who were between the 10th and 90th percentiles (n = 122). The fact that rapid naming has predictive power only for poor readers but not for average readers is interpreted as suggesting that impaired readers are qualitatively different from the normal-reading population and are not simply the "tail" of a normal distribution of reading ability. It also seems that it is the automaticity of retrieval, not the knowledge of names itself (as in confrontational naming tasks), that gives the predictive power in rapid naming. These data are considered in light of the one- and two-factor theories of the underlying processes involved in reading disability or dyslexia.
Mutant human B cell lines deficient in class II major histocompatibility complex transcription. (1987)

By mutagenesis and selection, two independent Ia- mutant cell lines derived from the Ia+ human B cell line Raji were isolated. One mutant failed to express detectable surface HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules, while the other expressed very low levels of these molecules. mRNA encoding Ia molecules was correspondingly absent or reduced in these cell lines. In contrast, levels of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mRNA and protein were normal in these cells. The class II MHC genes of the mutant cells were grossly intact, suggesting that the defective expression of these genes was due to an absent or abnormal trans-acting regulatory factor. In vitro nuclear run-on transcription assays and measurement of class II MHC mRNA stability suggested that the specific defect in class II MHC gene expression in both mutant cell lines was at the level of transcription initiation.
Macrocyclic dinuclear silver(i) complexes based on bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands: synthesis and structural studies (2010)

A series of new (CH2)n-bridged diimidazolium (or dibenzimidazolium) salts (n = 3, 4 and 5) were prepared. Reaction of the diimidazolium (or dibenzimidazolium) salts with Ag2O or Ag2CO3 leads to eight macrocyclic dinuclear N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) complexes, [{1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-(CH2)n-diimidazol-2-ylidene}2Ag2]·2Z (2a: alkyl = Et, n = 3, Z = 1/2[Ag2Br4], 2b: alkyl = PhCH2, n = 3, Z = PF6; 2c: alkyl = Et, n = 4, Z = PF6; 2d: alkyl = PhCH2, n = 4, Z = PF6; 2e: alkyl = Et, n = 5, Z = PF6; 2f: alkyl = PhCH2, n = 5, Z = PF6) and [{1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-(CH2)3-dibenzimidazol-2-ylidene}2Ag2]·2PF6 (2g: alkyl = nBu; 2h: alkyl = PhCH2). In these complexes, each cationic macrocycle is composed of two silver(I) atoms and two (CH2)n-bridged dicarbene ligands. The 2+ charge of each cation is balanced by different anions ([Ag2Br4]2− for 2a and 2PF6− for 2b–2h). Interestingly, these cationic macrocycles of 2a–2h adopt four diverse conformations (i.e., trans, zigzag, helical and calix-like conformations) due to the different arrangements of bridging (CH2)n-chains in the solid state. Additionally, analyses of the crystal packings of 2a–2h reveal that 2D supramolecular layers of 2a, 2c, 2d and 2f–2h and 1D supramolecular chains of 2b and 2e are formed via intermolecular weak interactions, including π–π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonds and weak Ag⋯F bonds.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF 17 α-(2-METH ALL YL)-19-NORTESTOSTERONE, AN ORALLY ACTIVE PROGESTATIONAL AGENT (1958)

17α-(2-Methalryl)-19-nortestosterone (SC-9022) is an active progestational agent when studied in a number of biological tests. In the intrauterine assay it was estimated to be about 10 times as active as progesterone (range 5–20 times). In the subcutaneous Clauberg assay it was 25 times progesterone (12–50); in the oral Clauberg it was about 10(5–20) times the standard, progesterone administered by the subcutaneous route, and 500–2000 times orally administered progesterone. It was about 10 times as active as progesterone (a) in maintaining histamine-induced rat deciduomata, and (b) in causing increases in uterine carbonic anhydrase. SC-9022 maintained pregnancy in spayed rabbits and blocked copulation-induced ovulation in rabbits. It stimulated uterine growth in immature white mice, but antagonized the action of estronc inthe same test (3–5 times progesterone).It had essentially no estrogenic effects on vaginalsmears of spayed rats.
On Mixup Training: Improved Calibration and Predictive Uncertainty for Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Mixup~\cite{zhang2017mixup} is a recently proposed method for training deep neural networks where additional samples are generated during training by convexly combining random pairs of images and their associated labels. While simple to implement, it has been shown to be a surprisingly effective method of data augmentation for image classification: DNNs trained with mixup show noticeable gains in classification performance on a number of image classification benchmarks. In this work, we discuss a hitherto untouched aspect of mixup training -- the calibration and predictive uncertainty of models trained with mixup. We find that DNNs trained with mixup are significantly better calibrated -- i.e., the predicted softmax scores are much better indicators of the actual likelihood of a correct prediction -- than DNNs trained in the regular fashion. We conduct experiments on a number of image classification architectures and datasets -- including large-scale datasets like ImageNet -- and find this to be the case. Additionally, we find that merely mixing features does not result in the same calibration benefit and that the label smoothing in mixup training plays a significant role in improving calibration. Finally, we also observe that mixup-trained DNNs are less prone to over-confident predictions on out-of-distribution and random-noise data. We conclude that the typical overconfidence seen in neural networks, even on in-distribution data is likely a consequence of training with hard labels, suggesting that mixup be employed for classification tasks where predictive uncertainty is a significant concern.
Comparison of slurry preparation and microwave digestion of freshwater algae for multi-element analysis by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of slurry sampling for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis of freshwater algae. Slurry samples were prepared from freeze-dried algae by sonication. Solution samples were prepared by vapour-phase microwave digestion. TXRF analyses of 20-200 µg of specimens made from freeze-dried algal samples are reported. The concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were determined in the range 5-40 000 µg g –1 ; similar values have been published by other investigations for marine and freshwater algae samples. Good agreement was found between the results of the TXRF analysis of the slurries and the digested samples, and also the results of an additional inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis of the digested samples. Student's t-test was used to demonstrate the applicability of slurry sampling. It is concluded that the slurry preparation simplifies the sample treatment and is suitable for TXRF measurement.
The importance of the hematoma for fracture healing in rats (1993)

In 3 groups of rats, bilateral femoral fractures were produced. The fracture hematoma was removed on one side after 30 min, 2 days and 4 days in the 3 groups, respectively. The fractures were mechanically tested at 4 weeks. When the fracture hematoma was removed early, callus production, bending moment, and fracture energy were decreased. Removal of the hematoma at Day 2 or 4 impaired fracture healing even more, as both bending moment, bending rigidity and fracture energy were greatly decreased compared to the control fractures. We conclude that the fracture hematoma favors healing; removal of the hematoma after some days is more harmful to healing than when the hematoma is removed in the initial phase.
Model predictive control of a VSI with long prediction horizon (2011)

This work presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) used in a three-phase Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for critical loads. An MPC using continuous variables is proposed for solving this problem and the output of the controller is used as the reference voltage to be generated by a PWM modulator. The solution of this unconstrained MPC gives rise to an explicit solution that can be computed beforehand, allowing the prediction horizon to be easily extended. Therefore, the effect of the length of the prediction horizon over the system performance is also evaluated in the paper. This study addresses how this parameter should be chosen to minimize the error between the actual and the desired output voltage. The proposed control strategy has been tested on a simulated model of a UPS supplying a three-phase resistor load. This model has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink with PSIM software. The simulation results show that proposed continuous MPC controller achieves high performance and high degree of robustness.
Thermal/fluid characteristics of 3-D woven mesh structures as heat exchanger surfaces (2003)

The present work demonstrates the fabrication methodology of a three-dimensional (3-D), aluminum wire filament, bonded mesh deployed as a heat exchange surface. A model of the effective thermal conductivity of the mesh is developed. Apparatus to measure the coolant pressure-drop and heat transfer coefficient are described. Measurements are reported for fabricated test samples of varying thickness. Mesh Stanton number and friction factor correlations for a coolant with Prandtl number equal to 9.5 (chilled water) are reported. A heat exchanger performance evaluation, comparing the 3-D woven mesh technology to another exchanger surface technology, is described. We have found that the weaving/wire bonding process must be carefully controlled to insure that target porosity, specific surface area and effective thermal conductivity are achieved. Effective thermal conductivities are found to be at least two-times larger than achieved in other comparable porous media configurations. Mesh friction factor and Stanton number are comparable to those achieved with other exchanger surface technologies. The exchanger performance comparison shows that exchangers having superior performance can be configured.
Bias in Groundwater Samples Caused by Wellbore Flow (1989)

Design of physical installations and sampling procedures for ground-water monitoring networks, particularly for detection and analysis of possible contaminants, is a topic of great scientific and practical interest at the present time. Recent practice in the design of monitoring networks associated with known contaminant sources sometimes includes an array of monitoring wells with long well screens (up to 50 feet or more). Numerical experiments with a detailed three-dimensional ground-water flow model indicate that significant wellbore flow can occur in contaminant monitoring wells with long well screens that are embedded in homogeneous aquifers with very small vertical head differences in the aquifer. This ``short circuiting'' of flow through boreholes should exist at some level on all scales. Consideration of the general flow pattern within the borehole, the flow pattern in the aquifer adjacent to the borehole, and the process of obtaining water samples from the borehole suggests that in many situations the practice of installing long well screens in contaminant monitoring wells should be abandoned.
Immunosuppression in viral oncogenesis. III. Effects of virus infection on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 generation and responsiveness. (1986)

Malignant rabbit fibroma virus (MV) is an oncogenic immunosuppressive leporipoxvirus. We studied the effects of MV infection and MV-associated tumor-induced suppressor factor (TISF) on the production of and responsiveness to interleukins 1 and 2. Adherent cells from MV tumor-bearing rabbits elaborate adequate amounts of IL 1 in response to E. coli endotoxin. Neither live virus nor TISF alters the production or the responsiveness to IL 1. However, when we examined spleen cells from rabbits 7 days after MV inoculation, we noted that their ability to produce and respond to IL 2 is deficient. Despite their relatively poor capacity to produce IL 2, these spleen cells express receptor for IL 2 in normal amounts, as measured by the monoclonal antibody 7D4. TISF derived from T lymphocytes from MV tumor-bearing rabbits is by itself capable of inhibiting partially normal secretion of IL 2 and also the response of the cloned murine T cell line HT-2 to added IL 2. Full expression of the immunosuppressive capacity of spleen cells from MV tumor-bearing rabbits requires cell-cell contact, however, and cannot be replaced by either live virus or spleen cell supernatants. Such spleen cells inhibit normal mitogen responsiveness, a defect not remedied by adding exogenous IL 2. Immunologic dysfunction induced by MV infection is transient, and by 11 days after virus inoculation, actively mediated recovery from immunosuppression is observed. We found that spleen cells from rabbits studied 11 days postinoculation secreted IL 2 normally. Thus, immunologic dysfunction secondary to infection with malignant rabbit fibroma virus reflects deficiencies in both elaboration of and response to IL 2, and return of immune function later in the course of the infection is associated with return of the ability of lymphocytes to secrete IL 2.
Electrical resistivity (4K to 2100K) of annealed vapor grown carbon fibers (1987)

Carbon fibers have been grown from methane gas, on iron seeded substrates at 1370K, and subsequently annealed to a series of temperatures between 2800K and 3475K. The authors report on the subsequent measurement of the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature from 4K to 2100K. The two band model for the resistivity of graphite is well fit to the data, and results in physically reasonable parameters of the fits. The resistivity vs temperature results, for two boron doped fibers are reported as well. The product of the resistivity times density for these fibers is lower than that product for any refractory metal, for temperature above about 1000K, suggesting the usefulness of these fibers as a high temperature materials in space applications.
Hybridization process for back-illuminated silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays (2010)

We present a unique hybridization process that permits high-performance back-illuminated silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) to be bonded to custom CMOS readout integrated circuits (ROICs) - a hybridization approach that enables independent optimization of the GM-APD arrays and the ROICs. The process includes oxide bonding of silicon GM-APD arrays to a transparent support substrate followed by indium bump bonding of this layer to a signal-processing ROIC. This hybrid detector approach can be used to fabricate imagers with high-fill-factor pixels and enhanced quantum efficiency in the near infrared as well as large-pixel-count, small-pixel-pitch arrays with pixel-level signal processing. In addition, the oxide bonding is compatible with high-temperature processing steps that can be used to lower dark current and improve optical response in the ultraviolet.
The Past Decade of Experience With Isolated Hepatic Perfusion (2004)

Metastatic or primary unresectable cancers confined to the liver are the sole or life-limiting component of disease for many patients with colorectal cancer, ocular melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, or primary colangio- or hepatocellular carcinomas. Regional treatment strategies including infusional chemotherapy and local ablative therapy are under investigation, but have limitations with respect to the clinical conditions under which they can be employed. Isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) was first clinically applied over 40 years ago, but because of its technical complexity, the attendant potential morbidity, and the lack of documented efficacy, it has not enjoyed consistent or widespread evaluation. In light of the antitumor activity with isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and melphalan in patients with unresectable extremity sarcoma or in transit melanoma, this regimen has been administered via IHP at several centers worldwide for patients with unresectable liver cancers. IHP with TNF and melphalan can result in significant regression of advanced refractory cancers from multiple histologies confined to the liver. Patient selection is important to ensure good results with minimal morbidity and mortality. Work to define the appropriate clinical groups is ongoing at many clinical centers.
Synthese von (−)‐(<i>R</i>)‐Nephthenol und (−)‐(<i>R</i>)‐Cembren A (1988)

Synthesis of (−)‐( R )‐Nephthenol and (−)‐( R )‐Cembren A Starting for L ‐serine,(−)‐( R )‐nephthenol((−)‐ 2 ) and (−)‐( R )‐cembren A((−)‐ 3 ) were synthesized.
The RNA-binding Protein RNPC1 Stabilizes the mRNA Encoding the RNA-binding Protein HuR and Cooperates with HuR to Suppress Cell Proliferation (2012)

The RNA-binding protein HuR, a member of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision/Hu protein family, plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. Despite significant progresses in understanding how HuR functions, the mechanism by which HuR expression is controlled is still poorly understood. Here, we showed that RNA-binding protein RNPC1 post-transcriptionally regulates HuR expression via mRNA stability. Specifically, we showed that overexpression of RNPC1 increases, whereas knockdown or knock-out of RNPC1 decreases, the level of HuR transcript and protein. Moreover, we showed that RNPC1, but not mutant RNPC1 deficient in RNA binding, stabilizes HuR transcript via binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Furthermore, to determine the biological significance of RNPC1-enhanced HuR expression, we showed that HuR, by repressing c-Myc expression, facilitates RNPC1-mediated growth suppression. Together, we have uncovered a novel mechanism by which HuR is regulated by RNPC1 via mRNA stability and HuR is a mediator of RNPC1-induced growth suppression.
Tools for quantum repeaters: quantum teleportation, independent sources of entangled photons and entanglement purifcation (2010)

Dans cette thèse, après avoir décrit les bases de la communication quantique et le fonctionnement des répéteurs quantiques, nous décrivons trois expériences qui démontrent la faisabilité de trois éléments important pour la fabrication éventuelle de répéteurs quantiques et pour la communication quantique en général.
High efficiency gene transfer is an efficient way of defining therapeutic targets: a functional genomics approach (2001)

The use of adenoviral vectors may be a useful way of studying the role of genes in dendritic cell function.
Coating by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the deposition of solids by chemical reaction of gaseous feed materials, is older and more complex than vacuum coating. For a long time it remained a laboratory curiosity; however, in recent years, it has become firmly established in many areas of technology, and new applications are being found.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">CVD is a versatile process, yielding deposits of many metals, alloys, semimetals, oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides, and it has several advantages, the greatest of which is superior throwing power. However, to use it effectively requires an understanding of such factors as the chemistry of the available coating reactions, the chemical and thermal stability of the substrate being coated, and the effects on mass transport of the various vapor flow patterns encountered in coating objects of simple to complex shape.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The range of applicability of CVD is discussed with examples, and guidelines are given for successful coating.</div>
Selecting optimal features from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for discrete-frequency imaging (2018)

Tissue histology utilizing chemical and immunohistochemical labels plays an important role in biomedicine and disease diagnosis. Recent research suggests that mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging may augment histology by providing quantitative molecular information. One of the major barriers to this approach is long acquisition time using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Recent advances in discrete frequency sources, particularly quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), may mitigate this problem by allowing selective sampling of the absorption spectrum. However, DFIR imaging only provides a significant advantage when the number of spectral samples is minimized, requiring a priori knowledge of important spectral features. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a GPU-based genetic algorithm (GA) using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for DFIR feature selection. Our proposed method relies on pre-acquired broadband FTIR images for feature selection. Based on user-selected criteria for classification accuracy, our algorithm provides a minimal set of features that can be used with DFIR in a time-frame more practical for clinical diagnosis.