gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influenza infection in human host: challenges in making a better influenza vaccine (2016)

Influenza is a ubiquitous infection with a spectrum ranging from mild to severe. The mystery regarding such variability in the clinical spectrum has not been fully unravelled, although a role for the complex interplay among virus characteristics, host immune response and environmental factors has been suggested. Antivirals and current vaccines have a limited role in prophylaxis and treatment because they primarily target surface glycoproteins which undergo antigenic/genetic changes under host immune pressure. Targeting conserved internal proteins could lead the way to a universal vaccine which can be used against various types/subtypes. However, this is on the distant horizon, so in the meantime, developing improved vaccines should be given high priority. In this review, we discuss where the current influenza research stands in terms of vaccines, adjuvants, and how we can better predict the vaccine strains for upcoming influenza seasons by understanding complex phenomena which drive the continuous antigenic evolution.
West Nile virus blood transfusion‐related infection despite nucleic acid testing (2004)

WNV RNA detection by individual donation NAT demonstrates viremic blood escaping MP-NAT and supports transfusion-related WNV transmission. MP-NAT may not detect all WNV-infected blood donors, allowing WNV transmission to continue at low levels. WNV NAT assays might vary in sensitivity and pooling donations could further impact test performance. Understanding MP NAT limitations can improve strategies to maintain safety of the blood supply in the United States.
Identity theft solutions disagree on problem (2005)

Large-scale hacks into databases containing sensitive personal identification data are continuing to compromise personal data for thousands - and in some cases, millions - of individuals. Have these hacks become the flash point for converging legal and technological attempts to stem the data leaks? At both the state and federal levels, lawmakers in the US as well as Japan are introducing tough new legislation intended to punish database proprietors whose security is substandard. On 30 June 2005, the credit card industry put strict new security guidelines into effect. Meanwhile, security vendors are finding new markets in ensuring that merchants, payment processors, and storage facilities are free from cybertampering.
A Novel Soft Biomimetic Microrobot with Two Motion Attitudes (2012)

A variety of microrobots have commonly been used in the fields of biomedical engineering and underwater operations during the last few years. Thanks to their compact structure, low driving power, and simple control systems, microrobots can complete a variety of underwater tasks, even in limited spaces. To accomplish our objectives, we previously designed several bio-inspired underwater microrobots with compact structure, flexibility, and multi-functionality, using ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuators. To implement high-position precision for IPMC legs, in the present research, we proposed an electromechanical model of an IPMC actuator and analysed the deformation and actuating force of an equivalent IPMC cantilever beam, which could be used to design biomimetic legs, fingers, or fins for an underwater microrobot. We then evaluated the tip displacement of an IPMC actuator experimentally. The experimental deflections fit the theoretical values very well when the driving frequency was larger than 1 Hz. To realise the necessary multi-functionality for adapting to complex underwater environments, we introduced a walking biomimetic microrobot with two kinds of motion attitudes: a lying state and a standing state. The microrobot uses eleven IPMC actuators to move and two shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators to change its motion attitude. In the lying state, the microrobot implements stick-insect-inspired walking/rotating motion, fish-like swimming motion, horizontal grasping motion, and floating motion. In the standing state, it implements inchworm-inspired crawling motion in two horizontal directions and grasping motion in the vertical direction. We constructed a prototype of this biomimetic microrobot and evaluated its walking, rotating, and floating speeds experimentally. The experimental results indicated that the robot could attain a maximum walking speed of 3.6 mm/s, a maximum rotational speed of 9°/s, and a maximum floating speed of 7.14 mm/s. Obstacle-avoidance and swimming experiments were also carried out to demonstrate its multi-functionality.
Purification of Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Investigation of its Effects on Osteoblastic Cell Line UMR108. (1993)

It is well known that the bone matrix contains proteins which can induce ectopic endochondral bone formation in vivo. One class of these proteins is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). In order to investigate the physiological function of the BMP, its purification was attempted from an extract of demineralized bone matrix and its actions on the osteoblastic cell line were investigated. To isolate the BMP, a demineralized bone matrix was extracted with 4M guanidine-HCl. A water-insoluble fraction (G-WI) was separated from the demineralized bone extract by dialysis against distilled water and centrifugation. The BMP was purified from G-WI by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 HR, cation exchange with Mono-S, heparin affinity column and finally by C1/8 reverse phase chromatography. Peptide sequence analysis revealed that the purified BMP fraction contained "BMP-3" reported by Wozney et al. (1988). In order to investigate its function, the BMP was applied to the rat osteogenic sarcoma cell line UMR108. The BMP inhibited the growth of the UMR108 cells and enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-responsive manner.
Characterization of the phosphatidylinositol-glycan membrane anchor of human placental alkaline phosphatase. (1987)

Placental alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] is a member of a diverse group of membrane proteins whose attachment to the lipid bilayer is mediated by a phosphatidylinositol-glycan. To investigate structural aspects of the glycolipid anchor, cultured WISH cells were used because we found that they produce the enzyme in abundant quantities. When cell suspensions were incubated with purified phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, most of the placental alkaline phosphatase was released from membranes in a hydrophilic form. On incubation of the cells with [14C]ethanolamine, [14C]myristic acid, or myo-[3H]inositol, each was incorporated into the phosphatase near the carboxyl terminus, showing that these components, which are found in other phosphatidylinositol membrane-linked proteins, are also present in placental alkaline phosphatase.
Prediction of Target Object Based on Human Hand Movement for Handing-Over between Human and Self-Moving Trays (2006)

We aim to realize a robotic system that hands over a necessary object to a user as soon as he/she attempts to reach out for it. In order to realize such system, the following is required: 1) detection of the reaching movement, 2) prediction of the target object among multiple objects, and 3) handing over the object to a user. In this paper, the first two of them are described and discussed. We apply the smoothness and the speed of the hand movement to distinguish whether the movement is for reaching or not. And in order to predict the target object, we define the certainty according to the relative movement of the hand to each object. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compare the method with the minimum jerk model based approach. A description of the experimental results demonstrates the usefulness of the method proposed here
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,4,6‐Trifluoropyrimidines and 2‐ and 4‐ Aminodifluoropyrimidines with Ethylamine (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental demonstration of multidimensional switching nodes for all-optical data centre networks (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate network nodes that enable SDM/WDM/TDM switching. 1 Tbit/s/core error-free performance is achieved for connections with different granularities being switched between three network nodes interconnected with 7-core multicore fibres.
Neue Komponenten für das generative Fertigungsverfahren des 3D-Drucks (2012)

Kunststoffprodukte haben sich seit den fünfziger Jahren wegen ihrer Zähigkeit und ihres geringen Gewichts, aber auch wegen ihrer Verarbeitbarkeit durch das Schmel-ze¬verfahren des Spritzgusses durchgesetzt. Die Formenvielfalt und Akkuratesse, die der Spritzguss in schneller und preiswerter Produktion erlaubt, ist unerreicht. Aller¬dings muss dem Spritzguss immer der Bau eines Formwerkzeuges vorgeschaltet werden. Dessen Kosten amortisieren sich in der Großserienproduktion, nicht aber bei Kleinserien oder gar Einzelstücken. Dies hat den Wunsch nach werkzeugfreien Formgebungsverfahren, den generativen Fertigungsverfahren, geweckt. Bei den generativen Fertigungsverfahren wird der Formkörper querschnitts¬weise aufgebaut. Beim 3D-Druck, dem ökonomischsten und vielseitigsten Ver¬fahren, werden die Querschnitte mit einer Tinte in Pulverschichten gedruckt. Der resultierende Baukörper ist also eine Summe seiner Querschnitte. Die Tinte soll die Pulverkörner anquellen oder sogar auflösen. Anschließend soll sie polymerisiert werden, um die Poren zwischen den Körnern zu füllen, damit ein kompakter Baukörper erhalten werden kann. Konventionelle Tinten lösen die Pulverkörner an deren Oberfläche und führen nur zu punktuellen Verknüpfungen. Anschließend verdunsten sie und hinterlassen einen hochporösen Druckkörper, der extrem brüchig ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden neue Tinten und Pulversysteme entwickelt. Die neuartigen Monomertinten ermöglichten die Polymerisation im Anschluss an den Druck. Sie verdunsteten nicht, und bildeten daher keine Poren. Neue Synthesen ermöglichten die Herstellung von strukturierten Polymerpulvern, die die Tinte besonders effektiv aufnahmen und sich schnell auflösten. Dabei entstand eine homogene Tinten-Polymer-Lösung die nach Polymerisation zu mechanisch stabilen und homogenen Druckkörpern führten.
Impact of beamspace processing on accuracy of DOA estimation using MUSIC and Capon methods (2015)

In the paper superresolution direction-of-arrival estimation methods such as MUSIC, Capon after beamspace processing i.e. BS-MUSIC and BS-Capon are considered. The main difference of beamspace doa-estimation methods from classical ones is in that they decrease computational load of digital signal processing on CPU by using linear algebra with matrices and vectors of lower dimensions. The impact of choosing the decreasing computational load and dimensions methods of antenna array on accuracy of direction-of-arrival estimation are researched. The paper shows numerical values of root mean square error of BS-MUSIC and BS-Capon depending on signal-noise ratio, the number of orthogonal beam patterns. The estimations are studied in common typical environments which are most frequently encountered in real applications.
Modélisation numérique pour l'évaluation non destructive électromagnétique : application au contrôle non destructif des structures en béton. (2007)

Concrete is the most common building material and accounts for a large part of the systems that are necessary for a country to operate smoothly including buildings, roads, and bridges. Nondestructive testing is one of the techniques that can be used to assess the structural condition. It provides nonperceptible information that conventional techniques of evaluation unable to do.<br /><br />The main objective of this work is the numerical simulation of a particular technique of nondestructive testing: the radar. The numerical modeling of the radar assessment of concrete structures make it possible to envisage the behavior of the system and its capacity to detect defects in various configurations.<br /><br />To achieve this objective, it was implemented electromagnetic wave propagation models in concrete structures, by using various numerical techniques to examine different aspects of the radar inspection. First of all, we implemented the finite-difference time-domain method in 3D which allows to take into account concrete characteristics such as porosity, salt content and the degree of saturation of the mixture by using Debye models. In addition, a procedure to improve the radiation pattern of bowtie antennas is presented. This approach involves the Moment Method in conjunction with the Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm. Finally, we implemented imaging algorithms which can perform fast and precise characterization of buried targets in inhomogenous medium by using three different methods. The performance of the proposed algorithms is confirmed by numerical simulations.
A Multialgorithm Analysis of Three Iris Biometric Sensors (2012)

The issue of interoperability between iris sensors is an important topic in large-scale and long-term applications of iris biometric systems. This work compares three commercially available iris sensors and three iris matching systems and investigates the impact of cross-sensor matching on system performance in comparison to single-sensor performance. Several factors which may impact single-sensor and cross-sensor performance are analyzed, including changes in the acquisition environment and differences in dilation ratio between iris images. The sensors are evaluated using three different iris matching algorithms, and conclusions are drawn regarding the interaction between the sensors and the matching algorithm in both the cross-sensor and single-sensor scenarios. Finally, the relative performances of the three sensors are compared.
Transfer of T‐DNA and Vir proteins to plant cells by<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>induces expression of host genes involved in mediating transformation and suppresses host defense gene expression (2003)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that incites crown gall tumors by transferring to and expressing a portion of a resident plasmid in plant cells. Currently, little is known about the host response to Agrobacterium infection. Using suppressive subtractive hybridization and DNA macroarrays, we identified numerous plant genes that are differentially expressed during early stages of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Expression profiling indicates that Agrobacterium infection induces plant genes necessary for the transformation process while simultaneously repressing host defense response genes, thus indicating successful utilization of existing host cellular machinery for genetic transformation purposes. A comparison of plant responses to different strains of Agrobacterium indicates that transfer of both T-DNA and Vir proteins modulates the expression of host genes during the transformation process.
Sequestering High-Energy Electrons to Facilitate Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation in CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals (2011)

The photocatalytic H2O splitting activities of CdSe and CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots are contrasted. CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots constructed from 4.0 nm CdSe quantum dots are shown to be strongly active for visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution in 0.1 M Na2S/Na2SO3 solution with a turnover number of 9.94 after 5 h at 103.9 μmol/h. CdSe quantum dots themselves are only marginally active in 0.1 M Na2S/Na2SO3 solution with a turnover number of 1.10 after 5 h at 11.53 μmol/h, while CdSe quantum dots in pure H2O are found to be completely inactive. Broad-band transient absorption spectroscopy is used to elucidate the mechanisms that facilitate the enhancement in the CdSe core/shell quantum dots, which is attributed to passivation of surface-deep trap states with energies lying below the reduction potential necessary for H2O reduction. Thus, surface trapping dynamics and energetics can be manipulated to dictate the photocatalytic activities of novel CdSe quantum dot based photocatalytic materials.
The association of blood lead level and cancer mortality among whites in the United States. (2002)

Lead is classified as a possible carcinogen in humans. We studied the relationship of blood lead level and all cancer mortality in the general population of the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II (NHANES II) Mortality Study, 1992, consisting of a total of 203 cancer deaths (117 men and 86 women) among 3,592 whites (1,702 men and 1,890 women) with average of 13.3 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the dose-response relationship between blood lead and all cancer mortality. Log-transformed blood lead was either categorized into quartiles or treated as a continuous variable in a cubic regression spline. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated for site-specific cancers by categorizing lead above and below the median. Among men and women combined, dose-response relationship between quartile of blood lead and all cancer mortality was not significant (ptrend = 0.16), with RRs of 1.24 [95% percent confidence interval (CI), 0.66-2.33], 1.33 (95% CI, 0.57-3.09), and 1.50 (95% CI, 0.75-3.01) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively, compared with the first quartile. Spline analyses found no dose response (p = 0.29), and none of the site-specific cancer RRs were significant. Among men, no significant dose-response relationships were found for quartile or spline analyses (p trend = 0.57 and p = 0.38, respectively). Among women, no dose-response relationship was found for quartile analysis (ptrend = 0.22). However, the spline dose-response results were significant (p = 0.001), showing a threshold effect at the 94th percentile of blood lead or a lead concentration of 24 microg/dL, with an RR of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-5.2) compared with the risk at 12.5 percentile. Because the dose-response relationship found in women was not found in men, occurred at only the highest levels of lead, and has no clear biologic explanation, further replication of this relationship is needed before it can be considered believable. In conclusion, individuals with blood lead levels in the range of NHANES II do not appear to have increased risk of cancer mortality.
Evidence That Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Response to Endotoxin Is Augmented in Atherosclerotic Rabbits (1995)

Abstract Atherosclerotic lesions contain monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells and thus may have an increased capacity for generation of nitric oxide by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We used three approaches (contractile responses, generation of l -citrulline from l -arginine, and staining with NADPH-diaphorase) to test the hypothesis that after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo, generation of nitric oxide by inducible NOS is augmented in atherosclerotic arteries. New Zealand White (normal, n=18) and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (atherosclerotic, n=21) rabbits were anesthetized and injected intravenously with vehicle or LPS. Contractile responsiveness of aortic segments was examined in vitro 4 hours after injection of LPS in vivo. There was a substantial (approximately fivefold) decrease in contractile sensitivity of aortas from LPS-treated atherosclerotic rabbits and a small (approximately twofold) decrease in normal rabbits. Incubation of aortic segments with aminoguanidine, which inhibits inducible NOS, restored contractile responsiveness after LPS treatment. In vitro assay of conversion of [ 14 C] l -arginine to [ 14 C] l -citrulline by aortic segments demonstrated marked (approximately fivefold) increase in calcium-independent conversion of [ 14 C] l -arginine by LPS-treated atherosclerotic, but not normal, aortas. NADPH-diaphorase staining demonstrated positive cells only in the endothelium of normal rabbits and in the lesions and media of the atherosclerotic aortas in both vehicle- and LPS-treated rabbits. The general distribution of these NADPH-diaphorase–positive cells resembled that of smooth muscle cells and not macrophages. Thus, impairment of contractile responses, generation of l -citrulline, and staining with NADPH-diaphorase suggest that atherosclerotic arteries have increased capacity for generation of nitric oxide by inducible NOS.
Mutations of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 in Canine Hemangiosarcoma (2005)

We examined the presence of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) abnormalities that could contribute to the origin or progression of naturally occurring canine endothelial tumors (hemangiosarcoma). Our results document somatic point mutations or deletions encompassing the PTEN C-terminal domain in canine hemangiosarcoma that might provide cells a survival advantage within their microenvironment. This represents the first characterization of a naturally occurring, highly metastatic tumor with biologically significant mutations of PTEN in the C-terminal domain.
Patient-specific induced-pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulate the pathogenic phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy due to a novel DES mutation identified by whole exome sequencing (2013)

FIGURE 3. Benthana itaipuensis sp. n. (holotype). A, Left mandible. B, Right mandible. C, Maxillula. D, Maxilla. E, Maxilliped. Scales: 0.1 mm.
Adipogenesis in Obesity Requires Close Interplay Between Differentiating Adipocytes, Stromal Cells, and Blood Vessels (2007)

Living tissue imaging techniques provide novel evidence of the dynamic interactions between differentiating adipocytes, stromal cells, and angiogenesis in living obese adipose tissue.
The big 'R' in Indigneous health: responsibility (1998)

The author comments on recent reports in the Courier Mail and questions the motives of those whose clumsy half-truths and ill- informed discussions enter the public arena. (non-author abstract)
A host-inducible cytochrome P-450 from a host-specific caterpillar: molecular cloning and evolution. (1992)

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (P-450s) play a critical role in the detoxification of natural and synthetic toxins in a wide range of organisms. We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones encoding a P-450, CYP6B1, from larvae of Papilio polyxenes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), the black swallowtail butterfly. This P-450, cloned from a herbivorous insect, is highly inducible by xanthotoxin, a secondary metabolite abundant in the host plants of this specialized herbivore. On Northern blots, mRNAs crossreactive with CYP6B1 were detected in three Papilio species that, like the black swallowtail, have high levels of xanthotoxin-metabolic P-450 activity and encounter xanthotoxin or related compounds in their host plants; in contrast, no crossreactive mRNAs were detectable in three papilinid species that never encounter xanthotoxin in their host plants and lack detectable xanthotoxin-metabolic activity. These results provide evidence that new P-450s can arise as herbivores colonize different host plants and support the hypothesis that interactions between herbivores and their toxin-producing host plants have contributed to the diversification of the P-450 superfamily.
Impersonation attack on Tan-Zhu's remote loginscheme (2000)

Recently, Tan et al. proposed an efficient smart card-oriented remote login authentication scheme. The scheme has several merits: (i) the user can freely choose his password; (ii) no verification tables are required; and (iii) the computation overhead is low. However, the authors show the insecurity of Tan-Zhu's scheme.
Biological Control of Frost Injury: An Isolate of<i>Erwinia herbicola</i>Antagonistic to Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria (1983)

Effets des populations d'une souche non active d'E.h. sur des populations actives de P. syringae et d'E.h. sur jeunes plants de mais ainsi que sur les modifications de l'action du froid sur les plantes dues a la presence d'une souche non active