gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient hybrid synchronization technique for scalable multi-core instruction set simulations (2013)

Multi-core system simulation techniques have been especially essential to system development in recent years. Although these techniques have been studied extensively, we have found that both conventional polling and collaborative timing synchronization approaches all encounter a severe scalability issue when the number of target cores is more than that of the host cores. To resolve this issue, we propose an effective hybrid technique that combines the advantage of the two approaches. According to the experimental results, the proposed technique effectively resolves the scalability issue and shows one to four orders of improvement compared to conventional approaches.
The Hydroesterification of Propylene with Carbon Monoxide and Methanol in the Presence of Dicobalt Octacarbonyl (1965)

Abstract Propylene can be hydroesterified to methyl butyrate in a good yield and with an initial rate as high as the initial rate of the hydroformylation of propylene, provided a small amount of hydrogen and excess pyridine are present. Detailed data on the initial rates at the zero-conversion of propylene for both the hydroesterification and hydroformylation and the ratio between the two initial rates have been presented as a function of the amount of pyridine and hydrogen, together with data on the products obtained from the respective reactions. The initial rate of hydroesterification in this study has proved to be first-order with respect to the propylene concentration. This result is different from that of Ercoli et al., who carried out hydroesterification runs of olefins with pure carbon monoxide.
Photoinhibition and photoprotection in symbiotic dinoflagellates from reef-building corals (1999)

Pulse-amplitude-modulation fluorometry and oxygen respirometry were used to investigate die1 photosynthetic responses by symbiotic dnoflagellates to light levels in summer and winter on a high latitude coral reef. The symbiotic dinoflagellates from 2 species of reef-building coral (Porites cylindnca and Stylophora pistillata) showed photoinhibitory decreases in the ratio of variable (F,) to maximal (F,) fluorescence (F,/F,,,) as early as 09:00 h on both summer and winter days on the reefs associated wlth One Tree Island (23" 30'S, 1.52" 06' E; Great Barrier Reef, Australia). This was due to decreases in maximum, F,, and to a smaller extent minimum, F,, chlorophyll fluorescence. Complete recovery took 4 to 6 h and began to occur as soon as light levels fell each day. Chlorophyll fluorescence quenching analysis of corals measured during the early afternoon revealed classic regulation of photosystem I1 (PSII) efficiency through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). These results appear to be similar to data collected for other algae and higher plants, suggesting involvement of the xanthophyll cycle of symbiotic dinoflagellates in regulating the quantum efficiency of PSII. The ability of symbiotic dinoflagellates to develop significant NPQ, however, depended strongly on when the symbiotic dinoflagellates were studied. Whereas symbiotic dinoflagellates from corals in the early afternoon showed a significant capacity to regulate the efficiency of PSII using NPQ, those sampled before sunrise had a slower and much reduced capacity, suggesting that elements of the xanthophyll cycle are suppressed prior to sunrise. A second major finding of this study is that the quantum efficiency of PSII in symbiotic dinoflagellates is strongly diurnal, and is as much as 50 % lower just prior to sunrise than later in the day. When combmed with oxygen flux data, these results indicate that a greater portion of the electron transport occurring later in the day is likely to be due to the increases in the rate of carbon fixation by Rubisco or to higher fluxes through the MeNer-Ascorbate-Peroxidase (MAP) cycle.
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Conjugated Polymer−Silica Composite Spheres (2006)

A novel poly(p-phenylene) derivative (C12PPPC11OH) was synthesized and used as a template for silica polymerization under ambient conditions in the absence of added catalysts. A few polymers of analogous molecular structures were also simultaneously used in control experiments to derive a molecular mechanism for the observed catalytic activity of C12PPPC11OH. Silica spheres can be dispersed in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic solvents. The optical spectra of the solution-dispersed polymer−silica composite spheres indicated the presence of polymers incorporated in the silica matrix. The UV spectra of the silica−C12PPPC11OH composite dispersed in THF solution was similar to those of the polymer in THF, indicating no significant effect of solvent on the electronic structure of C12PPPC11OH in the composite. Moreover, confocal micrographs of the blue fluorescent spheres of the composites were also taken to show the presence of polymers in the composite. It is anticipated that, by appropriate modifications of the conjugated polymers, we may able to develop homogeneous semiconducting polymer−silica particles with tunable electrical and optical properties.
Multi-Method Analysis of MRI Images in Early Diagnostics of Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

The role of structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming more and more emphasized in the early diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to assess the improvement in classification accuracy that can be achieved by combining features from different structural MRI analysis techniques. Automatically estimated MR features used are hippocampal volume, tensor-based morphometry, cortical thickness and a novel technique based on manifold learning. Baseline MRIs acquired from all 834 subjects (231 healthy controls (HC), 238 stable mild cognitive impairment (S-MCI), 167 MCI to AD progressors (P-MCI), 198 AD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were used for evaluation. We compared the classification accuracy achieved with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM). The best results achieved with individual features are 90% sensitivity and 84% specificity (HC/AD classification), 64%/66% (S-MCI/P-MCI) and 82%/76% (HC/P-MCI) with the LDA classifier. The combination of all features improved these results to 93% sensitivity and 85% specificity (HC/AD), 67%/69% (S-MCI/P-MCI) and 86%/82% (HC/P-MCI). Compared with previously published results in the ADNI database using individual MR-based features, the presented results show that a comprehensive analysis of MRI images combining multiple features improves classification accuracy and predictive power in detecting early AD. The most stable and reliable classification was achieved when combining all available features.
Application of Type Synthesis Theory to the Redesign of a Complex Surgical Instrument (2002)

Surgical instruments consist of basic mechanical components such as gears, links, pivots, sliders, etc., which are common in mechanical design. This paper describes the application of a method in the analysis and design of complex surgical instruments such as those employed in laparoscopic surgery. This is believed to be the first application of type synthesis theory to a complex medical instrument. Type synthesis is a methodology that can be applied during the conceptual phase of mechanical design. A handle assembly from a patented laparoscopic surgical stapler is used to illustrate the application of the design method developed. Type synthesis is applied on specific subsystems of the mechanism within the handle assembly where alternative design concepts are generated. Chosen concepts are then combined to form a new conceptual design for the handle assembly. The new handle assembly is improved because it has fewer number of parts, is a simpler design and is easier to assemble. Surgical instrument designers may use the methodology presented here to analyze the mechanical subsystems within complex instruments and to create new options that may offer improvements to the original design.
Doppler-Free Laser Polarization Spectroscopy (1976)

We have demonstrated a sensitive new method of Doppler-free spectroscopy, monitoring the nonlinear interaction of two monochromatic laser beams in an absorbing gas via changes in light polarization. The signal-to-background ratio can greatly surpass that of saturated absorption. Polarization spectra of the hydrogen Balmer-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ line, recorded with a cw dye laser, reveal the Stark splitting of single fine-structure components in a Wood discharge.
The effect of aluminum stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean root of seedling (2004)

The effect of aluminum stress on morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean root of seedling was studied under different treatments of Al (aluminum) (0, 50, 500, 5 000mg/L) with the sand culture method. Two soybean varieties, Zhechun No.3 and Huachun No.18, were employed. The results indicated that low Al (50mg/L) promoted growth of soybean by increasing of the total root length, total surface area, total volume and root activity and decreasing of the membrane permeability of the root cells. High Al (5 000mg/L) restrained growth of soybean by significantly inhibiting root elongation, thickening of soybean root diameter, reducing root activity and greatly increasing membrane permeability of the root cells. Resistance to Al stress between two varieties of soybeans was different; Zhechun No.3 soybean was more tolerant to Al stress than Huachun No.18 soybean.
Multipath Routing, Congestion Control and Dynamic Load Balancing (2007)

Combining transport-layer congestion control with multi-path routing is a cross-layer approach that provides performance benefits over treating the layers separately. We phrase this as an optimisation problem, examine the case of data transfers, and show how a coordinated controller gives strictly better performance than an uncoordinated controller, which sets up parallel paths. For fixed demands, and the case of random-path selection, we show how coordinated control also achieves better load balancing than greedy least-loaded path selection. We then comment on adaptive path selection.
PreparationDNA and characteristics of DNA-nanoparticles targeting to hepatocarcinoma cells (2004)

The enhanced transfection efficiency and stronger ability to protect plasmid DNA from being degraded by nucleases are due to nanoparticles encapsulation.
Thermal-Aware Global Real-Time Scheduling on Multicore Systems (2009)

As the power density of modern electronic circuits increases dramatically, systems are prone to overheating. Thermal management has become a prominent issue in system design. This paper explores thermal-aware scheduling for sporadic real-time tasks to minimize the peak temperature in a homogeneous multicore system, in which heat might transfer among some cores. By deriving an ideally preferred speed for each core, we propose global scheduling algorithms which can exploit the flexibility of multicore platforms at low temperature. Compared with load-balancing strategies, the proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the peak temperature by up to 30degC to 70degC for simulated platforms.
Lower-limb deep venous thrombosis: direct MR imaging of the thrombus. (1998)

Direct MR imaging of clots appears capable of demonstrating venographically diagnosed DVT. This MR imaging technique is noninvasive, quick, and repeatable and allows a survey of the whole lower-limb venous system. Detection of thrombosis relies on the formation of methemoglobin, which appears to be sufficiently rapid to allow use of this technique in the clinical setting. Changes in the signal from clot over time may allow estimation of the age of the thrombus.
Electrodynamic Oscillating Compressors: Part 1—Design Based on Linearized Loads (1969)

An approximate method for the design of electrodynamic oscillating gas compressors is developed. A linear spring-damper load is used to approximate the gas load at a single design point. Equations are presented for the linear load and for the design of components. A scheme is developed for the determination of design trends, and the trends are discussed. The design method is applied to two existing designs, an experimental and a commercial electrodynamic compressor, as an independent check.
Development of a self-adapting intelligent system for building energy saving and context-aware smart services (2011)

Recent advances in ubiquitous technologies facilitate context-aware systems which can offer situation-based services. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become increasingly important in recent years due to their ability to monitor and manage situational information for various intelligent services in ubiquitous environments. However, existing energy management systems are not effectively implemented in home and building environments due to their architectural limitations, such as static system architecture and a finite battery lifetime. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Self-adapting intelligent system used for providing building control and energy saving services in buildings. Our system consists of a gateway (selfadapting intelligent gateway) and a sensor (self-adapting intelligent sensor). In addition, we also propose an energy-efficiency self-clustering sensor network (ESSN) and a node type indicator based routing (NTIR) protocol that considers the requirements of WSNs, such as network lifetime and system resource management. In order to verify the efficiency of our system, we implemented our system in real test bed and conducted experiments. The results show that autonomous power saving using our system is approximately 16-24% depending on the number of SIS.
High field magnetization measurements of Sm2Fe17, Sm2Fe17C<i>x</i>, and Sm2Fe17C<i>x</i>H5−<i>x</i> (1994)

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic compounds of Sm2Fe17, Sm2Fe17C0.6, and Sm2Fe17C0.6H4.4 were investigated. Sm2Fe17 nitrides, carbides, and carbohydrides are suitable for making high performance permanent magnets. The high field magnetization measurements performed up to 200 kOe in continuous fields are reported. In this article, the isothermal magnetization curves measured between 2 and 300 K on powder samples embedded in a resin and then aligned under a magnetic field of about 10 kOe in order to get oriented samples are presented. The magnetic anisotropy constants K1 and K2 are determined taking into account the angular distribution of the grains axis. The results are discussed in light of previously reported data and then the effects of C or H on the Sm contribution to the anisotropy is compared to that of N. It is shown that carbon and hydrogen have opposite influence on the Sm anisotropy and it is suggested that a wide range of magnetic anisotropy can be obtained depending on the H and C content. The influence of both interstitial elements H and C on magnetic features such as the Curie temperature and the saturation magnetization is analyzed.
Positron emission tomography scanning in malignant melanoma (2000)

FDG PET scanning can be helpful in managing patients with Stage III melanoma in whom further surgery is contemplated. Although false-positive areas are not uncommon, PET scans did change the management of patients 15% of the time. PET's inability to identify microscopic disease suggests that it is of limited use in evaluating patients with Stage I-II disease.
APP717 missense mutation affects the ratio of amyloid beta protein species (A beta 1-42/43 and a beta 1-40) in familial Alzheimer's disease brain (1994)

We have biochemically purified A beta from brains of two unrelated familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) pedigrees with the APP717 mutation (Val-->Ile) and from two sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and characterized them by means of mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed two types of amyloid beta protein (A beta), the short-tail form (A beta 1-40) and the long-tail form (A beta 1-42/43), in sporadic AD and FAD brains, and found that the ratio of the long-tail form of A beta (A beta 1-42/43) to total A beta was increased in FAD brains. These in vivo results were confirmed in vitro using cultured cells transfected with three kinds of APP cDNAs bearing the APP717 mutations (Val-->Ile, Gly, or Phe). Taken together with the hypothesis that A beta 1-42/43 functions as a "seed" that increases the kinetics of amyloid fibril formation (Jarrett, J. T., and Lansbury, P. T., Jr. (1993) Cell 73, 1055-1058), we conclude that the APP717 missense mutation does not create new A beta species but promotes the increased accumulation of A beta 1-42/43 in the brain, which results in the enhancement of amyloid fibril formation from soluble A beta. These findings provide a causal relationship between this FAD genotype and the pathological phenotype of A beta deposition and senile plaque formation.
Error detection in signed digit arithmetic circuit with parity checker [adder example] (2004)

This paper proposes a methodology for the development of simple arithmetic self-checking circuits using a signed digit representation. In particular, the architecture of an adder is reported and its self-checking capability with respect to the stuck-at fault set is shown. The main idea underlying the paper is to exploit the properties of signed digit representation, allowing carry-free operations. In a carry free adder, the parity can be easily checked, allowing therefore detecting the occurrence of a fault belonging to the considered stuck-at fault set. The proposed architecture is therefore very suitable for the implementation of self-checking adders that are also fast due to the same carry free property.
Comparison of 13 Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Overview and Serologic Response (1995)

Although serologic correlates of pertussis immunity are not defined, it is clear that DTaP vaccines can stimulate immune responses that exceed those of licensed whole-cell vaccine with respect to the measured antibodies. Particularly for PT, immunogenicity seems to depend on factors in addition to antigen concentration, possibly including antigen derivation and formulation. No DTaP was most or least immunogenic with respect to all included antigens.
Criminalising violence against women: solution or dead end? (2008)

Criminalisation has increasingly become the preferred remedy of the neo-liberal state when faced with social conflicts, deviance, and disorder. Thus, when national and international feminist moveme...
Elemental mapping with an energy-selecting imaging filter (1993)

Imaging filters produce energy-selected images in a few seconds, and chemical maps formed by processing of several images taken at different energy losses in typically less than one minute. On the other hand, imaging filters do not provide detailed spectra from each specimen point, and are vulnerable to artifacts due to variations in specimen thickness, and other effects influencing EELS background extrapolation and subtraction. These include diffraction contrast arising particularly in crystalline samples, edge overlap, and extended fine structures (EXELFS) in the pre-edge region caused by major edges at lower energies. We have therefore been exploring the practical usefulness of imaging filters on a range of specimens from materials science and biology. The results suggest that the imaging capability combined with full paralleldetection EELS performance delivers a very powerful experimental set-up. Figure 1 shows an energy-filtered bright field image of a steel sample containing about 1 % Cu, obtained at 120 keV with the Gatan Imaging Filter (GIF) attached to a Philips CM12ST microscope.
Saponins of Timo ( ?? ?? : Anemarrhenae Rhizoma). II. Structure of Timosaponin A-III. (1963)

Timosaponin A-III, the crystalline steroid saponin isolated from a commercial crude drug Timo (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), has been shown to be sarsasapogenin O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside. The biose which forms the sugar moiety of timosaponin A-III was obtained as crystals from the partial hydrolyzate of the saponin and named timobiose.
The Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA1 Protein (2012)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread human herpes virus that immortalizes cells as part of its latent infection and is a causative agent in the development of several types of lymphomas and carcinomas. Replication and stable persistence of the EBV genomes in latent infection require the viral EBNA1 protein, which binds specific DNA sequences in the viral DNA. While the roles of EBNA1 were initially thought to be limited to effects on the viral genomes, more recently EBNA1 has been found to have multiple effects on cellular proteins and pathways that may also be important for viral persistence. In addition, a role for EBNA1 in lytic infection has been recently identified. The multiple roles of EBNA1 in EBV infection are the subject of this paper.
Towards Generalization and Simplicity in Continuous Control (2017)

This work shows that policies with simple linear and RBF parameterizations can be trained to solve a variety of continuous control tasks, including the OpenAI gym benchmarks. The performance of these trained policies are competitive with state of the art results, obtained with more elaborate parameterizations such as fully connected neural networks. Furthermore, existing training and testing scenarios are shown to be very limited and prone to over-fitting, thus giving rise to only trajectory-centric policies. Training with a diverse initial state distribution is shown to produce more global policies with better generalization. This allows for interactive control scenarios where the system recovers from large on-line perturbations; as shown in the supplementary video.
The Retinoblastoma Protein: A Master Regulator of Cell Cycle, Differentiation and Apoptosis (1997)

The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene is a tumour suppressor and its product retinoblastoma protein (pRb) has been known for 10 years as a repressor of progression towards S phase. Its major activity was supposed to be sequestration or inactivation of the transcription factor E2F which is required for activation of S phase genes. However, within recent years growing evidence has been accumulating for a more general function of pRb at both the transcriptional level and the cellular level. pRb not only regulates the activity of certain protein-encoding genes but also the activity of RNA polymerase pol I and pol III transcription. This protein appears to be the major player in a regulatory circuit in the late G1 phase, the so-called restriction point. Moreover, it is involved in regulating an elusive switch point between cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Here, it seems to cooperate with another major tumour suppressor, p53. Thus, pRb sits at the interface of the most important cell-regulatory processes and therefore deserves close attention by specialists from different fields of research. This review provides an introduction to the complex functions of pRb.
Opera outside of itself (2012)

ABSTRACTIn this article, the author looks at the increasing interrelationships and convergences between media and explores the potential of a conception of digital opera that negotiates the current hybrid landscape of media and their histories. A notion of unity underpinning both film and opera is examined in relation to the deconstructive strategies of experimental music, in particular, operas by Robert Ashley (Perfect Lives, 1980) and John Cage (Europera 5, 1991). The voice, electronics, spatialization and fluid identities within the experimental tradition are considered as pertinent alternatives to the smooth space of the cinematic, which is increasingly becoming a dominant paradigm among diverse media, including opera.