gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E. Prospects for the therapy of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (1988)

MAST cells and basophils have a plasma membrane receptor that binds immunoglobulin E (IgE) with high affinity.<sup>1</sup>When the bound IgE reacts with antigen, there is an explosive discharge of preformed mediators of inflammation from storage granules, and newly synthesized potent lipids are likewise released. These substances account for many of the symptoms of allergic diseases.<sup>2</sup>Approaches to the therapy of immediate hypersensitivity reactions can be broadly categorized into four principal strategies: (1) suppression of IgE biosynthesis, (2) generation of "blocking" antibodies, (3) prevention of IgE-mediated stimulation of mast cells, and (4) "neutralization" of the effects of the released mediators. We will consider herein the third of these strategies and focus in particular on preventing activation of the cells by interfering with the binding of IgE to the receptor or by aborting the early events that follow triggering of the receptor. It is important to note that a
<title>Scanning cone-beam reconstruction algorithms for x-ray microtomography</title> (1992)

An x-ray shadow projection microscope using a scannable point source of x-rays is under development at SUNY. The point source is generated by a focused electron beam that can be steered electromagnetically in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the microscope. The specimen is mounted on a rotatable mechanical stage for microtomography. An elaborate feedback system is being implemented to measure and correct the motion error of the mechanical stage. The conventional cone-beam image reconstruction algorithm suffers from two constraints. Firstly, the specimen must be contained in a sphere-like reconstruction region. Secondly, the x-ray source must be moved along a circle in the specimen coordinate system. Considering the characteristics of the x-ray microscope system of ARTS-AMIL and the limitations of the conventional cone-beam reconstruction algorithm, a general cone-beam image reconstruction algorithm is presented. The general algorithm can be applied to various scanning geometries, such as polygonal, helical, or random scanning patterns, for different reasons. In order to study the general cone-beam reconstruction algorithm, a computer simulation has been performed. With various scanning parameters, projection data were generated mathematically and then the general cone-beam reconstruction algorithm tested with the simulated data. The experimental results shows that the different kinds of scanning loci of the x-ray source consistently resulted in satisfactory 3-D reconstructed images.
Production Rate Analysis of Fractured Horizontal Well considering Multitransport Mechanisms in Shale Gas Reservoir (2018)

Shale gas reservoir has been aggressively exploited around the world, which has complex pore structure with multiple transport mechanisms according to the reservoir characteristics. In this paper, a new comprehensive mathematical model is established to analyze the production performance of multiple fractured horizontal well (MFHW) in box-shaped shale gas reservoir considering multiscaled flow mechanisms (ad/desorption and Fick diffusion). In the model, the adsorbed gas is assumed not directly diffused into the natural macrofractures but into the macropores of matrix first and then flows into the natural fractures. The ad/desorption phenomenon of shale gas on the matrix particles is described by a combination of the Langmuir’s isothermal adsorption equation, continuity equation, gas state equation, and the motion equation in matrix system. On the basis of the Green’s function theory, the point source solution is derived under the assumption that gas flow from macropores into natural fractures follows transient interporosity and absorbed gas diffused into macropores from nanopores follows unsteady-state diffusion. The production rate expression of a MFHW producing at constant bottomhole pressure is obtained by using Duhamel’s principle. Moreover, the curves of well production rate and cumulative production vs. time are plotted by Stehfest numerical inversion algorithm and also the effects of influential factors on well production performance are analyzed. The results derived in this paper have significance to the guidance of shale gas reservoir development.
New technologies and therapies in the management of diabetes. (2007)

Although there are numerous effective pharmacotherapeutic agents available to treat type 2 diabetes, 5% to 10% of the population with diabetes experience secondary failure. To help combat this issue, it is imperative that clinicians understand the limitations of some current therapies. Secondary failure can be due to decreasing beta cell function, poor adherence to treatment, weight gain, reduction of exercise, changes in diet, or illness. Glycemic control and cardiovascular risk reduction are of paramount concern; however, the nonglycemic effects of several new therapies to treat diabetes may be advantageous and positively affect the long-term cost of therapy. The discoveries of amylin and glucagonlike peptide-1 have furthered our understanding of the abnormalities involved in diabetes, enabling the development of additional therapeutic options. Incretin-based therapy, including incretin mimetics such as exenatide and the yet-to-be-approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and new basal and inhaled insulin may change the way we currently treat type 2 diabetes.
Acoustic metafluids (2009)

Acoustic metafluids are defined as the class of fluids that allow one domain of fluid to acoustically mimic another, as exemplified by acoustic cloaks. It is shown that the most general class of acoustic metafluids are materials with anisotropic inertia and the elastic properties of what are known as pentamode materials. The derivation uses the notion of finite deformation to define the transformation of one region to another. The main result is found by considering energy density in the original and transformed regions. Properties of acoustic metafluids are discussed, and general conditions are found which ensure that the mapped fluid has isotropic inertia, which potentially opens up the possibility of achieving broadband cloaking.
MAGNETORESISTORS FOR AUTOMOBILE DETECTION AND TRAFFIC CONTROL (1996)

This paper describes how magnetoresistors can be combined with flux concentrators and electronic circuitry to sense stationary motor vehicles for counting and classification, toll booth activation, and freeway traffic control.
Retinal imaging using commercial broadband optical coherence tomography (2009)

The practical improvement with the broadband light source was significant, although it remains to be seen what the utility will be for diagnostic pathology. The approach presented here serves as a model for a more quantitative analysis of SD-OCT images, allowing for more meaningful comparisons between subjects, clinics and SD-OCT systems.
Heuristic planning techniques applied to forest road profiles (2005)

AbstractTwo heuristic techniques, the genetic algorithm (GA) and Tabu search (TS), both with an embedded linear programming routine for earthwork allocation, were compared to a manually designed forest road profile. The manually designed road length was 345.7m and its average gradient was 14.1%. The best costs of the profiles designed by GA and TS, without changing the placement of control points, were less than that designed manually. The best cost found by GA was almost the same as the global optimum solution. While TS could not find a better solution than GA, it usually found a good solution in less time. It was not possible to search all alternatives by changing the placement of control points and find the global optimum solution within a reasonable time. However, it can be concluded from the results that both GA and TS found good solutions within a reasonable time. Since it is not possible to manually evaluate many alternatives, road designers should find heuristic techniques helpful for design of the road profile. Moreover, the effect of the number of control points on construction costs was examined. The results indicated that increasing the number of control points reduces the construction costs. However, driving safety and comfort might be decreased.Key words: Forest road designGenetic algorithmTabu searchLinear programming
Stoichiometric and catalytic Si–N bond formation using the p-block base Al(NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2015)

The aluminium amide Al(NMe2)3 acts as a stoichiometric or catalytic reagent in dehydrogenic Si-N bond formation using amines and silanes. Although of limited substrate scope, this represents the first p-block metal catalytic system for N-H/Si-H dehydrocoupling. The observed catalytic rate law for the formation of aminosilane products in a model study of one of the catalytic reactions suggests a mechanism involving the silane component in the deprotonation of the amine (possibly in the form of a hypervalent silicon hydride).
Recent advances in chromosome breakage syndromes and their diagnosis. (2000)

Chromosome instability is a characteristic cytogenetic feature of a number of genetically determined disorders collectively called as the chromosome breakage syndromes or DNA-repair disorders. They are characterized by susceptibility to chromosomal breakages, increased frequency of breaks and interchanges occurring either spontaneously or following exposure to various DNA-damaging agents. These diseases are a group of genetic disorders sharing a number of features. They are all autosomal recessive, show an increased tendency for chromosomal aberrations and to develop malignancies. The principal diseases in this group having a diverse etiology and clinical manifestations include Fanconi anemia (FA), ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), Bloom syndrome (BS), xeroderma pigementosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). The underlying defect in these syndromes is the inability to repair a particular type of DNA damage. A number of repair disorder phenotypes are caused by more than one gene. The diagnosis of these syndromes is made by the characteristic clinical features specific to each disease, but the definitive diagnosis is achieved by laboratory investigations such as cytogenetic, biochemical and molecular methods. The importance of prenatal diagnosis and our experience are discussed in this article.
Direct Observation of Bloch Harmonics and Negative Phase Velocity in Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2005)

The eigenfield distribution and the band structure of a photonic crystal waveguide have been measured with a phase-sensitive near-field scanning optical microscope. Bloch modes, which consist of more than one spatial frequency, are visualized in the waveguide. In the band structure, multiple Brillouin zones due to zone folding are observed, in which positive and negative dispersion is seen. The negative slopes are shown to correspond to a negative phase velocity but a positive group velocity. The lateral mode profile for modes separated by one reciprocal lattice vector is found to be different.
Syrian Hamster as a Permissive Immunocompetent Animal Model for the Study of Oncolytic Adenovirus Vectors (2006)

Oncolytic adenoviruses represent an innovative approach to cancer therapy. These vectors are typically evaluated in immunodeficient mice with human xenograft tumors. However, in addition to being immunodeficient, this model is limited because normal and cancerous mouse tissues are poorly permissive for human adenovirus replication. This prompted us to search for a model that more accurately reflects the use of oncolytic adenoviruses in cancer patients. To this end, we developed a novel Syrian hamster model that is both immunocompetent and replication-permissive. We found that human adenovirus replicates well in Syrian hamster cell lines and confirmed replication in the lungs. Oncolytic adenovirus injection showed efficacy in three different hamster tumor models. Furthermore, i.t. oncolytic adenovirus injection resulted in suppression of primary and metastatic lesions, i.t. replication and necrosis, vector entrance into the bloodstream, replication in the liver and lungs, and anti-adenovirus antibody induction. Our findings show that the Syrian hamster is a promising immunocompetent model that is permissive to human adenovirus replication in tumors as well as normal tissues. Therefore, the Syrian hamster model may become a valuable tool for the field of oncolytic adenovirus vectors in which vector safety and efficacy can be evaluated.
CELLULAR GENES IN THE MOUSE REGULATE <i>IN TRANS</i> THE EXPRESSION OF ENDOGENOUS MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR VIRUSES (1985)

The transcriptional activities of the eleven mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviruses endogenous to two sets of recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, BXD and BXH, were characterized. Comparison of the levels of virus-specific RNA quantitated in each strain showed no direct relationship between the presence of a particular endogenous provirus or with increasing numbers of proviruses. Association of specific genetic markers with the level of MMTV-specific RNA was examined by using multiple regression analysis. Several cellular loci as well as proviral loci were identified that were significantly associated with viral expression. Importantly, these cellular loci associated with MMTV expression segregated independently of viral sequences.
Tree Projection-Based Frequent Itemset Mining on Multicore CPUs and GPUs (2010)

Frequent itemset mining (FIM) is a core operation for several data mining applications as association rules computation, correlations, document classification, and many others, which has been extensively studied over the last decades. Moreover, databases are becoming increasingly larger, thus requiring a higher computing power to mine them in reasonable time. At the same time, the advances in high performance computing platforms are transforming them into hierarchical parallel environments equipped with multi-core processors and many-core accelerators, such as GPUs. Thus, fully exploiting these systems to perform FIM tasks poses as a challenging and critical problem that we address in this paper. We present efficient multi-core and GPU accelerated parallelizations of the Tree Projection, one of the most competitive FIM algorithms. The experimental results show that our Tree Projection implementation scales almost linearly in a CPU shared-memory environment after careful optimizations, while the GPU versions are up to 173 times faster than standard the CPU version.
Direction‐of‐arrival estimation of speech using virtually generated multichannel data from two‐channel microphone array (2002)

Abstract Recently, with rapid progress in multimedia technologies, hopes for a speech‐based man‐machine interface have increased. For high‐quality voice collection and acquisition of the position information of the speaker, direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation technology for voice with a microphone array has been discussed. However, one problem is large‐scale implementation of the arrays. In the present research, a new DOA estimation method for a two‐channel microphone array based on the harmonic structure of vowels is proposed. The present method has been applied in a real‐world environment and its effectiveness has been confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(2): 33–42, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10038
Primary Cell Adhesion on RGD‐Functionalized and Covalently Crosslinked Thin Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films (2005)

Abstract Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are now widely used for biomedical applications. In this work, we investigated the primary osteoblast adhesion properties of PEMs of poly( L ‐lysine) (PLL), poly( L ‐glutamic acid) (PGA), poly(alginic acid) (Palg), and poly(galacturonic acid) (Pgal). In order to compensate for the poor adhesion of the as‐synthesized films, two kinds of film modifications were achieved: a purely physical modification by film crosslinking, and a chemical modification by grafting a arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide to PGA. Crosslinking was performed using a water‐soluble carbodiimide in combination with N ‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo‐NHS) to induce amide formation. This reaction was followed by Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy. For film functionalization, a 15‐amino‐acid peptide was grafted to PGA and deposited as the top layer of the film. PLL/PGA, PLL/Palg, and PLL/Pgal films were crosslinked or functionalized. The films were tested for both short‐term adhesion properties and long‐term proliferation of primary osteoblasts. Whereas the effect of film crosslinking on short‐term adhesion was moderate, it was much more important for the RGD‐functionalized films. On the other hand, the long‐term proliferation was the same or even higher for the crosslinked films as compared with the functionalized films. This effect was particularly enhanced for the PLL/Palg and PLL/Pgal films. Finally, we functionalized PLL/PGA that had been crosslinked prior to PGA‐RGD deposition. These architectures exhibited even higher short‐term adhesion and proliferation. These results clearly show the important role of the physical properties of the films, besides their chemical properties, for the modulation of primary cell‐adhesion behavior.
Hydrogen catalytic oxidation reaction on Pd-doped porous silicon (2002)

The efficiency of Pd-doped porous silicon (PS) as a catalytic material for hydrogen sensing is studied. Pd is deposited by an electroless process on the internal surface of porous silicon. The catalytic behavior of Pd-doped PS samples is estimated and the parameters that influence the kinetics of the chemical reaction are evaluated. The catalytic activity is examined through the kinetics of the chemical reaction, which occurs in low hydrogen content mixtures with air (up to 1% v/v in air), far below the mixture flammability limit. It was found that the catalytic activity of Pd-doped porous silicon at 160/spl deg/C is significantly higher than that of a planar surface covered with Pd. The dependence of the catalytic activity on processing conditions was also evaluated. These results open important new possibilities for applications in gas sensors.
Development of a deformable dosimetric phantom to verify dose accumulation algorithms for adaptive radiotherapy (2016)

Adaptive radiotherapy may improve treatment outcomes for lung cancer patients. Because of the lack of an effective tool for quality assurance, this therapeutic modality is not yet accepted in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a deformable physical phantom for validation of dose accumulation algorithms in regions with heterogeneous mass. A three-dimensional (3D) deformable phantom was developed containing a tissue-equivalent tumor and heterogeneous sponge inserts. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were placed at multiple locations in the phantom each time before dose measurement. Doses were measured with the phantom in both the static and deformed cases. The deformation of the phantom was actuated by a motor driven piston. 4D computed tomography images were acquired to calculate 3D doses at each phase using Pinnacle and EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc. These images were registered using two registration software packages: VelocityAI and Elastix. With the resultant displacement vector fields (DVFs), the calculated 3D doses were accumulated using a mass-and energy congruent mapping method and compared to those measured by the TLDs at four typical locations. In the static case, TLD measurements agreed with all the algorithms by 1.8% at the center of the tumor volume and by 4.0% in the penumbra. In the deformable case, the phantom's deformation was reproduced within 1.1 mm. For the 3D dose calculated by Pinnacle, the total dose accumulated with the Elastix DVF agreed well to the TLD measurements with their differences <2.5% at four measured locations. When the VelocityAI DVF was used, their difference increased up to 11.8%. For the 3D dose calculated by EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc, the total doses accumulated with the two DVFs were within 5.7% of the TLD measurements which are slightly over the rate of 5% for clinical acceptance. The detector-embedded deformable phantom allows radiation dose to be measured in a dynamic environment, similar to deforming lung tissues, supporting the validation of dose mapping and accumulation operations in regions with heterogeneous mass, and dose distributions.
Patch Assembly: An Automated Overlapping Grid Assembly Strategy (2010)

This paper presents a strategy called patch assembly for assembling overlapping grid systems. This strategy has been designed to deal efficiently with specific grid assembly cases. These are cases where the chimera technique is used to add a new feature, described in a patch grid, to a geometry defined in a background grid. The patch assembly algorithm automatically performs the blanking of the background grid using simple and robust algorithms. In particular, the algorithm is not based on any geometric mask, which can be difficult to build. The blanking performed ensures a minimum overlap between grids. This grid assembly strategy is applied to a simple two-dimensional case and to a big three-dimensional wing-body configuration for modeling control surfaces. On both configurations, results are compared to results obtained on grid setups manually set with masks. A favorable influence of the minimum overlap produced has been observed on these configurations.
Cloning and Sequencing of Feline and Canine Ice-Related cDNAs Encoding Hybrid Caspase-1 / Caspase-13-Like Propeptides (2000)

Caspases are cysteine proteases which have important roles in the activation of cytokines and in apoptosis. The ICE subfamily of caspases comprise peptides closely related to caspase-1, or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) converting enzyme (ICE), which promotes maturation of interleukin IL-1beta and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by proteolytic cleavage of precursor forms to generate biologically active peptides. Other members of this subfamily include caspase-4, -5, -13 and isoforms of these proteins. We report the cloning and sequencing of two feline and canine ICE-related cDNAs amplified by RT-PCR. The predicted proteins are 410 and 404 amino acids in length respectively and are most closely related to caspase-1 sequences across the N-terminal 115 amino acids and to human caspase-13 across the C-terminal sequence.
On Contact Rectification by Metallic Germanium (1925)

Outputs from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) include projections to the ventral pallidum and the ventral tegmental area and subtantia nigra in the ventral mesencephalon. The medium spiny neurons (MSN) that give rise to these pathways are GABAergic and consist of two populations of equal number that are segregated by differentially expressed proteins, including D1- and D2-dopamine receptors. Afferents to the ventral pallidum arise from both D1- and D2-MSNs, whereas the ventral mesencephalon is selectively innervated by D1-MSN. To determine the extent of collateralization of D1-MSN to these axon terminal fields we used retrograde labeling in transgenic mice expressing tdTomato selectively in D1-MSN, and found that a large majority of D1-MSN in either the shell or core subcompartments of the accumbens collateralized to both output structures. Approximately 70% of D1-MSNs projecting to the ventral pallidum collateralized to the ventral mesencephalon, whereas >90% of mesencephalic D1-MSN afferents collateralized to the ventral pallidum. In contrast, SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Activity in D1 dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the NAc is required for rodents to respond to cocaine-conditioned cues and relapse to drug seeking behaviors. The D1-expressing neurons project to both the ventral pallidum and ventral mesencephalon, and we found that a majority of the neurons that innervate the ventral pallidum also collateralize to the ventral mesencephalon. However, despite innervating both structures, only D1 innervation of the ventral pallidum mediates cue-induced cocaine seeking.