gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of ferromagnetic MnAl thin films with additives (1991)

MnAl thin films with additives were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. The ferromagnetic τ phase was obtained in the composition of Mn60Al40, which is Mn rich by 6 at. % as compared with the τ-phase bulk one. Excess Mn atoms are considered to occupy the Al site and cause the reduction in saturation magnetization Ms to one-fourth of the bulk one because of their antiparallel spin orientation. We tried to add Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ag separately to replace the antiparallelly oriented Mn atoms in order to increase Ms. A few atomic percent additions of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu brought 1.7–2.5 times the increase in Ms (i.e., 200–300 G), with the increase of Hc as well except that with the Cu addition. Further addition brought a sharp decrease in Hc. Different types of crystal orientation were observed regarding the film thickness and the kind of additives. For a τ-phase film thinner than 0.3 μm, (111) orientation was observed in every additive. In this case the easy magnetization axis, which is the c axis in the tetragonal structure, is neither in the film plane nor normal to the film plane. Consequently, magnetically isotropic films were obtained. For thicker ones than 0.3 μm, the addition of elements with an atomic radius smaller than that of Mn (i.e., Ni, Co, Fe) directed (110) to the normal plane, and therefore longitudinally magnetically oriented films were obtained. The crystallographic and magnetic properties as a function of anneal temperature were also evaluated and found practically to be invariable with the temperature under 250 °C.
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING AND MEASURING COMPONENTS IN A MIXTURE OF GAMMA-EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES, (1967)

Abstract : A computer program was developed for the analysis of the components of a gamma pulse-height distribution composed of a mixture of two or more gamma-emitting radionuclides. The program consists of (1) identifying the largest gamma photopeak and matching its energy with the largest photopeak of each of the individual radionuclides that compose the mixture, (2) subtracting enough of the individual radionuclide gamma pulse-height distribution from the mixture so that the photopeak in question is reduced by a certain small percentage, and (3) continuing the incremental subtraction process until the photopeaks in the mixture can no longer be identified. This computer program has several advantages over other computer programs that have been developed to do the equivalent of a radiochemical analysis on a mixture of radionuclides. It will be especially useful in analyzing the large number of low activity mixtures of radionuclides that are to be made in the program to determine the physical-chemical species of the radionuclide debris produced by underwater nuclear explosions. (Author)
Intralymphatic Administration of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces the Severity of Collagen-Induced Experimental Arthritis (2017)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with immunomodulatory properties. They have emerged as a very promising treatment for autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs, administered systemically, migrate to lymphoid tissues associated with the inflammatory site where functional MSC-induced immune cells with a regulatory phenotype were increased mediating the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. These results suggest that homing of MSCs to the lymphatic system plays an important role in the mechanism of action of MSCs <i>in vivo</i>. Thus, we hypothesized that direct intralymphatic (IL) (also referred as intranodal) administration of MSCs could be an alternative and effective route of administration for MSC-based therapy. Here, we report the feasibility and efficacy of the IL administration of human expanded adipose mesenchymal stem cells (eASCs) in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). IL administration of eASCs attenuated the severity and progression of arthritis, reduced bone destruction and increased the levels of regulatory T cells (CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> cells) and Tr1 cells (IL10<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>), in spleen and draining lymph nodes. Taken together, these results indicate that IL administration of eASCs is very effective in modulating established CIA and may represent an alternative treatment modality for cell therapy with eASCs.
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Ingestion Can Ameliorate Soreness from Eccentric Exercise (2010)

BCAA supplementation may attenuate muscle soreness, but it does not ameliorate eccentric exercise-induced decrements in muscle function or increases in reputed blood markers of muscle damage, when consumed before exercise and for 3 d after an eccentric exercise bout.
A tunable emerald laser (1982)

Emerald is a new broadly wavelength-tunable vibronic laser material with stimulated emission in the red to infrared due to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T_{2} \rightarrow</tex> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</tex> transitions of Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> . Emerald has gain from 12 050 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 14 000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> with high gain from about 12 300 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> to 13 700 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . An emerald laser oscillator has been achieved, but has high losses.
Mechanical Ageing Protocol Selection Affects Macroscopic Performance and Molecular Level Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Running Shoe Midsole Foam (2014)

Existing attempts to evaluate footwear via cyclic compression fail to sufficiently represent biofidelic force-time curves or provide the underlying mechanism of EVA foam fatigue. A uniaxial biofidelic waveform was compared to a sine wave of the same frequency to examine differences in (1) net displacement, (2) absorbed energy, and (3) peak force from ASTM F1614. A non-destructive molecular-level technique (ATR-FTIR) recorded differences in hydroxyl, ester, and unsaturated moieties due to EVA degradation. It was concluded that (1) biofidelic waveforms may better simulate human running, (2) material degradation is discernible, and (3) inferences regarding polymeric degradation and macroscopic performance require further investigation.
Insight into the Mechanism of the B <sub>12</sub> -Independent Glycerol Dehydratase from <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> :  Preliminary Biochemical and Structural Characterization (2004)

The molecular characterization of a B12-independent glycerol dehydratase from Clostridium butyricum has recently been reported [Raynaud, C., et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 5010-5015]. In this work, we have further characterized this system by biochemical and crystallographic methods. Both the glycerol dehydratase (GD) and the GD-activating enzyme (GD-AE) could be purified to homogeneity under aerobic conditions. In this form, both the GD and GD-AE were inactive. A reconstitution procedure, similar to what has been reported for pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE), was employed to reconstitute the activity of the GD-AE. Subsequently, the reconstituted GD-AE could be used to reactivate the GD under strictly anaerobic conditions. We also report here the crystal structure of the inactive GD in the native (2.5 A resolution, Rcryst = 17%, Rfree = 20%), glycerol-bound (1.8 A resolution, Rcryst = 21%, Rfree = 24%), and 1,2-propanediol-bound (2.4 A resolution, Rcryst = 20%, Rfree = 24%) forms. The overall fold of the GD monomer was similar to what has been observed for pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) and anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase (ARNR), consisting of a 10-stranded beta/alpha barrel motif. Clear density was observed for both substrates, and a mechanism for the dehydration reaction is presented. This mechanism clearly supports a concerted pathway for migration of the OH group through a cyclic transition state that is stabilized by partial protonation of the migrating OH group. Finally, despite poor alignment (rmsd approximately 6.8 A) of the 10 core strands that comprise the barrel structure of the GD and PFL, the C-terminal domains of both proteins align well (rmsd approximately 0.7 A) and have structural properties consistent with this being the docking site for the activating enzyme. A single point mutation within this domain, at a strictly conserved arginine residue (R782K) in the GD, resulted in formation of a tight protein-protein complex between the GD and the GD-AE in vivo, thereby supporting this hypothesis.
Copper Response Element and Crr1-Dependent Ni <sup>2+</sup> -Responsive Promoter for Induced, Reversible Gene Expression in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2003)

The Cpx1 and Cyc6 genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are activated in copper-deficient cells via a signal transduction pathway that requires copper response elements (CuREs) and a copper response regulator defined by the CRR1 locus. The two genes can also be activated by provision of nickel or cobalt ions in the medium. The response to nickel ions requires at least one CuRE and also CRR1 function, suggesting that nickel interferes with a component in the nutritional copper signal transduction pathway. Nickel does not act by preventing copper uptake/utilization because (i) holoplastocyanin formation is unaffected in Ni(2+)-treated cells and (ii) provision of excess copper cannot reverse the Ni-dependent activation of the target genes. The CuRE is sufficient for conferring Ni-responsive expression to a reporter gene, which suggests that the system has practical application as a vehicle for inducible gene expression. The inducer can be removed either by replacing the medium or by chelating the inducer with excess EDTA, either of which treatments reverses the activation of the target genes.
High-mobility pentacene organic field-effect transistors with a high-dielectric-constant fluorinated polymer film gate dielectric (2005)

High-performance pentacene organic thin-film transistors with double layers of the terpolymer electret poly(vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene) and the polymer poly(vinyl cinnamate) as a gate dielectric are reported. The electret is a high-k dielectric polymer with a static dielectric constant of ε=14. The transistors show an intrinsic field-effect mobility in the range of μi=1cm2∕Vs and an on- to off-current ratio of about 105. High-k polymer gate dielectrics seem promising for organic nonvolatile memory and sensor field-effect transistors.
Role of glucagon in diabetes (1977)

The glucagon-secreting A cell is a vital component of the organ system which regulates the distribution of fuel— the islets of Langerhans. Bihormonal control of glucoregulation through a push-pull system maintains the glucose concentration of extracellular fluid within narrow limits irrespective of glucose flux rates through relative equality of glucose influx and efflux. This equality requires appropriate secretion mixtures of the biologic antagonists, insulin and glucagon, directed by a glucose sensor. In severe diabetes, there are virtually no B cells and A cells are in contact largely with other A cells and their glucose-sensing capacity is lost. The A cell hypersecretes and in most juvenile type diabetics aggressive therapy with insulin fails to restore it to normal. Glucagon is a factor in the development of endogenous hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis. Its suppression may provide a possible approach in the future pharmacologic management of diabetic hyperglycemia. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>137:482-491, 1977)
Talking culture: ethnography and conversation analysis (1988)

Argues that anyone-anthropologist, psychologist, or policeman-who uses what people say to find out what people think had better know how speech itself is organized.
Osmium(0) nanoclusters stabilized by zeolite framework; highly active catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols under mild conditions (2010)

Osmium(0) nanoclusters stabilized by zeolite-Y framework were reproducibly prepared by a simple two step procedure involving the incorporation of osmium(III) cations into the zeolite matrix by ion-exchange, followed by their reduction within the cavities of zeolite with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution all at room temperature. The composition and morphology of osmium(0) nanoclusters stabilized by zeolite framework, as well as the integrity and crystallinity of the host material were investigated by using ICP-OES, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, TEM/EDX, mid-IR, far-IR spectroscopies, and N(2)-adsorption/desorption technique. The results of the multiprong analysis reveal the formation of osmium(0) nanoclusters within the cavities of zeolite-Y without causing alteration in the framework lattice, formation of mesopores, or loss in the crystallinity of the host material. More importantly, far-IR studies showed that after the reduction of Os(3+) cations by sodium borohydride the Na(+) cations reoccupy their authentic cation sites restoring the integrity of zeolite-Y. The catalytic activity of osmium(0) nanoclusters stabilized by zeolite framework was tested in the aerobic oxidation of activated, unactivated and heteroatom containing alcohols to carbonyl compounds and was found to provide high activity and selectivity even under mild conditions (80 degrees C and 1 atm O(2) or air). Moreover, they were found to be stable enough to be isolated and bottled as solid material, which can be reused as active catalyst under the identical conditions of the first run.
The Mobilization and Effect of Endogenous Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Wound Healing (2010)

Diabetic patients suffer from impaired wound healing, characterized by only modest angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Stem cells may stimulate healing, but little is known about the kinetics of mobilization and function of bone marrow progenitor cells (BM-PCs) during diabetic wound repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetics of BM-PC mobilization and their role during early diabetic wound repair in diabetic db/db mice. After wounding, circulating hematopoietic stem cells (Lin(-)c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)) stably increased in the periphery and lymphoid tissue of db/db mice compared to unwounded controls. Peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (CD34(+)VEGFR(+)) were 2.5- and 3.5-fold increased on days 6 and 10 after wounding, respectively. Targeting the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis induced an increased release and engraftment of endogenous BM-PCs that was paralleled by an increased expression of CXCL12/SDF-1α in the wounds. Increased levels of peripheral and engrafted BM-PCs corresponded to stimulated angiogenesis and cell proliferation, while the addition of an agonist (GM-CSF) or an antagonist (ACK2) did not further modulate wound healing. Macroscopic histological correlations showed that increased levels of stem cells corresponded to higher levels of wound reepithelialization. After wounding, a natural release of endogenous BM-PCs was shown in diabetic mice, but only low levels of these cells homed in the healing tissue. Higher levels of CXCL12/SDF-1α and circulating stem cells were required to enhance their engraftment and biological effects. Despite controversial data about the functional impairment of diabetic BM-PCs, in this model our data showed a residual capacity of these cells to trigger angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
Association of Serum Bilirubin Concentration with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (2000)

Taken together, the evidence presented in this review supports the concept that bilirubin, via its antioxidant potential, has antiatherogenic properties and that an inverse relationship exists between circulating bilirubin concentrations and risk of CAD.
Plasma Crystal: Coulomb Crystallization in a Dusty Plasma (1994)

A macroscopic Coulomb crystal of solid particles in a plasma has been observed. Images of a cloud of $7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}m$ "dust" particles, which are charged and levitated in a weakly ionized argon plasma, reveal a hexagonal crystal structure. The crystal is visible to the unaided eye. The particles are cooled by neutral gas to 310 K, and their charge is $>9800e$, corresponding to a Coulomb coupling parameter $\ensuremath{\Gamma}>20 700$. For such a large $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ value, strongly coupled plasma theory predicts that the particles should organize in a Coulomb solid, in agreement with our observations.
Model Selection in Overlapping Stochastic Block Models (2014)

Networks are a commonly used mathematical model to describe the rich set of interactions between objects of interest. Many clustering methods have been developed in order to partition such structures, among which several rely on underlying probabilistic models, typically mixture models. The relevant hidden structure may however show overlapping groups in several applications. The Overlapping Stochastic Block Model (2011) has been developed to take this phenomenon into account. Nevertheless, the problem of the choice of the number of classes in the inference step is still open. To tackle this issue, we consider the proposed model in a Bayesian framework and develop a new criterion based on a non asymptotic approximation of the marginal log-likelihood. We describe how the criterion can be computed through a variational Bayes EM algorithm, and demonstrate its efficiency by running it on both simulated and real data.
Denaturing Action of Typical Anionic Surfactants on Several Proteins (1976)

The denaturing action of typical anionic surfactants, alkyl sulfate (AS), alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), α-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and sodium alkane sulfonate (SAS), on four different proteins, keratin, albumin, enzyme and lysosome membrane has been investigated by measuring liberation of sulfhydryl group and by enzyme inhibition. The results indicate that in general these surfactants have high denaturing potency for such proteins in the decreasing order of LAS≥AS>AOS≥SAS, although the potency varies considerably with the alkyl-chain length of the surfactants. Moreover, a relationship between the denaturing potency and the skin irritating action of these surfactants has been discussed.
An embedded charging approach for RSVP (2002)

Charging mechanisms are needed to protect an integrated services network from arbitrary resource reservations and to create a funding mechanism to extend network capacity at the most desired locations at the expense of those users that actually use these resources. In this paper, we describe a charging model that can be embedded in the RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) architecture. Our model is open and flexible in that it imposes little or no restrictions to the pricing policy of network providers or the usage behaviour of end-users. At the same time, it provides mechanisms to enable fine-grained charging of network communication. After a user-centric identification of requirements for charging mechanisms, a formal framework is presented to model the prices and payments. We present protocol elements and an implementation rationale to realize our charging model. Furthermore, we identify potential problems that are inherent to RSVP with regard to precise charging and we point out future research issues towards a realistic charging architecture.
Temperature‐dependency analysis and correction methods of <i>in situ</i> power‐loss estimation for crystalline silicon modules undergoing potential‐induced degradation stress testing (2015)

Abstract We propose a method for in situ characterization of the photovoltaic module power at standard test conditions, using superposition of the dark current–voltage ( I–V ) curve measured at the elevated stress temperature, during potential‐induced degradation (PID) testing. PID chamber studies were performed on several crystalline silicon module designs to determine the extent to which the temperature dependency of maximum power is affected by the degradation of the modules. The results using the superposition principle show a mismatch between the power degradation measured at stress temperature and the degradation measured at 25 °C, dependent on module design, stress temperature, and level of degradation. We investigate the correction of this mismatch using two maximum‐power temperature translation methods found in the literature. For the first method, which is based on the maximum‐power temperature coefficient, we find that the temperature coefficient changes as the module degrades by PID, thus limiting its applicability. The second method investigated is founded on the two‐diode model, which allows for fundamental analysis of the degradation, but does not lend itself to large‐scale data collection and analysis. Last, we propose and validate experimentally a simpler and more accurate maximum‐power temperature translation method, by taking advantage of the near‐linear relationship between the mismatch and power degradation. This method reduces test duration and cost, avoids stress transients while ramping to and from the stress temperature, eliminates flash testing except at the initial and final data points, and enables significantly faster and more detailed acquisition of statistical data for future application of various statistical reliability models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immortalization of human aortic smooth muscle cells with origin‐minus simian virus 40 DNA (1992)

We established two cell lines of human smooth muscle cells (SMC) by transfection of cells from the aortic intima and aortic media with origin‐minus simian virus 40 (ori‐minus SV40) DNA. Ori‐minus SV40 DNA very efficiently immortalized human smooth muscle cells in culture. Proteins that these cell lines produced included type I, III, IV, and V collagens, fibronectin, and human matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)−1 (tissue collagenase), −2 (“type IV collagenase”), and −3 (stromelysin). The protein production in these cell lines generally mimicked that of normal SMC, but the immortalization stimulated the cell line of medial SMC to produce excessive MMP‐2 and to secrete MMP‐9 (92‐kDa gelatinase). However, since these cell lines did not show a fully malignant phenotype, we concluded that, in addition to the degradation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, including basement membrane components by MMP‐2, −3, and/or −9, some additional factors must be involved for the malignancy of fully transformed cells and that these immortalized human aortic SMC, which share many characteristics with normal SMC, will prove useful to study the role(s) of metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis.