gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical changes in premalignant intestines. (1976)

The immunological properties of thymidine kinase from a variety of human tumors suggest that the form of the tumor enzyme resembles that found in the placenta and in the nondividing colonic flat mucosa. To examine the placenta-like characteristics of tumor thymidine kinase, the jejunum and colon from rats ranging in age from fetal to old and from animals treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH), an intestinal carcinogen, have been studied. In normal jejunum, thymidine kinase activity decreased rapidly with age. Both the activity and the response to phospholipase C and to mercaptans in DMH-induced tumors resembled that of fetal gut, while those in abnormal appearing DMH-treated jejunum were intermediate between normal control of the same age and tumor. Similar but less pronounced changes were seen in the colon. In the jejunum, the level of another enzyme normally associated with rapid cell division, ornithine decarboxylase, was found to be over 100 times that of the liver, colon, and stomach. Treatment of the animals with acetylaminofluorene and with DMH resulted in elevated levels of the enzyme in liver and in colon, respectively, but had little effect on this enzyme in other tissues. The data presented indicate that there were premalignant changes in the levels of both of these enzymes in target tissues of animals treated with carcinogens.
Four cases of sebopsoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis of the face and scalp successfully treated with 1a-24 (R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol (tacalcitol) cream. (2000)

A 71-year-old woman visited our clinic due to the presence of widespread scaly erythema on her face, scalp, and lower extremities. She was tentatively diagnosed as having seborrheic dermatitis but the symptoms were difficult to distinguish from psoriasis vulgaris. As a result, she was diagnosed as having sebopsoriasis. She was treated topically with an active vitamin D3 compound, 1a-24 (R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol D3 (tacalcitol) cream. She applied tacalcitol cream twice daily for 4 weeks, and her facial eruptions thus cleared up completely. No recurrence was observed for 2 months thereafter, even though the use of tacalcitol cream was stopped. To investigate whether or not tacalcitol cream is generally effective for the treatment of such seborrheic dermatitis-like eruptions, three more patients were treated with tacalcitol cream. All patients exhibited scaly erythematous macules on the face and/or scalp, and their eruptions improved rapidly with tacalcitol cream. Tacalcitol cream was thus found to be effective and useful for the treatment of both sebopsoriasis and even seborrheic dermatitis of the face and scalp.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> emission increases with immobilization and decreases after aerobic training in young and older men (2015)

Currently, it is not known whether impaired mitochondrial function contributes to human ageing or whether potential impairments in mitochondrial function with age are secondary to physical inactivity. The present study investigated mitochondrial respiratory function and reactive oxygen species emission at a predefined membrane potential in young and older men subjected to 2 weeks of one-leg immobilization followed by 6 weeks of aerobic cycle training. Immobilization increased reactive oxygen species emission and decreased ATP generating respiration. Subsequent aerobic training reversed these effects. By contrast, age had no effect on the measured variables. The results of the present study support the notion that increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production mediates the detrimental effects seen after physical inactivity and that ageing per se does not cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, defined as increased oxidative stress and lower capacity for energy production, may be seen with ageing and may cause frailty, or it could be that it is secondary to physical inactivity. We studied the effect of 2 weeks of one-leg immobilization followed by 6 weeks of supervised cycle training on mitochondrial function in 17 young (mean ± SEM: 23 ± 1 years) and 15 older (68 ± 1 years) healthy men. Submaximal H2 O2 emission and respiration were measured simultaneously at a predefined membrane potential in isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle using two protocols: pyruvate + malate (PM) and succinate + rotenone (SR). This allowed measurement of leak and ATP generating respiration from which the coupling efficiency can be calculated. The protein content of the anti-oxidants manganese superoxide dismuthase (MnSOD), CuZn superoxide dismuthase, catalase and gluthathione peroxidase 1 was measured by western blotting. Immobilization decreased ATP generating respiration using PM and increased H2 O2 emission using both PM and SR similarly in young and older men. Both were restored to baseline after the training period. Furthermore, MnSOD and catalase content increased with endurance training. The young men had a higher leak respiration at inclusion using PM and a higher membrane potential in State 3 using both substrate combinations. Collectively, the findings of the present study support the notion that increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mediates the detrimental effects seen after physical inactivity. Age, on the other hand, was not associated with impairments in anti-oxidant protein levels, mitochondrial respiration or H2 O2 emission using either protocol.
The Primary Structure and Tissue Distribution of Cathepsin (1992)

A cDNA for rat cathepsin C (dipeptidylaminopeptidase I) was isolated. The encoded protein is composed of the signal peptide of 28 residues, the propeptide of 201 residues and the mature enzyme region of 233 residues. The amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme region has 39.5 to 30.5% identity to other papain family proteinases. Cathepsin C is, therefore, belongs to papain family, although its propeptide region is much longer than those of other cysteine proteinases and show no significant sequence similarity to any other cysteine proteinase. The mRNA and protein for cathepsin C are broadly distributed in rat tissues, but the relative proportions of cathepsin C and other cysteine proteinases are found to vary from tissue to tissue.
Routine EGFR and KRAS Mutation analysis using COLD-PCR in non-small cell lung cancer (2012)

Aims: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonists are particularly active in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumours bearing mutations in the EFGR gene. EGFR mutation prevalence is very low in squamous histology. Response rates using these drugs in patients with KRAS mutations are low, so available KRAS mutation information may aid treatment selection in the second-line setting. Since 2009, patients presenting to this hospital with non-squamous histology have been routinely screened for mutations in both the EGFR and KRAS genes, with results used to inform treatment. We present an analysis of 215 consecutive patients for whom EGFR mutation analysis was informative. Methodology: EGFR and KRAS mutations were identified using a COLD-PCR technique confirmed with sequencing, which makes no prior assumption about location of specific mutations. Results were correlated with clinical and demographic data from hospital records, where available. Results: The prevalence of patients with EGFR mutations was 14% and for KRAS mutations it was 27%. Despite the conventional understanding that EGFR and KRAS mutations are mutually exclusive, we identified two dual mutations. Of 29 patients identified with mutated EGFR, there were 3/8/8/10 mutations in exons 18/19/20/21 respectively. Exon 20 mutations were identified in a proportion exceeding many other series because of the unbiased mutation analysis used, and clinical benefit was seen in some of these. Of 23 different EGFR mutations identified, 11 have not previously been described in the literature. Conclusions: The high prevalence of EGFR, KRAS or both mutations (40%) in this non-squamous population tested in clinical practice supports a policy of routine screening for these mutations in NSCLC.
Plants foraged by bees for honey production in northern India: The diverse flora of India and its implications for apiculture (2017)

Abstract The plants foraged by bees for honey production vary from place to place in the diverse flora of India. This paper reports a palynological study of honey from eight sites of agriculture and urbanisation in the Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh (UP), and presents data from similar studies done in India. Pollen grains of 55 species were recorded in the honey from south-western, central and eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, where Ageratum conyzoides , a noxious invasive weed, is a very dominant plant taxon. The second plant community used for foraging by honeybees consists of Syzygium cumini , Feronia limonia , Eucalyptus globulus , Prosopis spicigera , Prosopis juliflora , Brassica campestris , Pimpinella tomentosa , Xanthium strumarium , and Ziziphus sp. The third plant community foraged by honeybees includes diverse plant species such as Capparis sp., Ficus sp., Murraya koenigii , Aegle marmelos , and Tinospora cordifolia , as well as Caryophyllaceae and nectarless families. The last group of plants foraged by honeybees comprises ca 37 species sparsely present in the vicinity. If honeybees have access to their preferred plant species they rarely visit non-preferred species, but in the urban and rural agricultural areas where the vegetation is sparse they are forced to forage several other plants including invasive species. The quality and character of honey, whether multifloral, monofloral, or bifloral, largely indicates the changing pattern of vegetation in a particular area, and can furnish decadal to century-scale information about the vegetational changes induced by climate or anthropopression. Palynological data also shed light on medicinally important or allergenic pollen protein present in honey (valuable information for consumers) and the details about plant taxa foraged by honeybees can be used for branding and marketing particular types of honey.
Photoelastic waveguides and their effect on stripe-geometry GaAs/Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As lasers (1979)

This paper describes a new type of waveguide mechanism found in oxide-insulated stripe-geometry GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs lasers. The photoelastic waveguide is formed by small variations of the refractive index of the active layer beneath the stripe contact of the laser. The refractive-index variations are caused by the effect of a strain field in the semiconductor surrounding the stripe window. The large photoelastic coefficients of III-V semiconductors cause significant changes in refractive index for relatively small strains. The strain field in the semiconductor is caused by the high compressive stress in the oxide film; it builds up to its highest value beneath the edges of the stripe window. The maximum calculated compressive strain in the active layer 2-μm beneath a stripe window 20 μm wide opened in an oxide film 2700 Å thick is 3×10−4. This strain reduces the dielectric constant of the active layer by approximately 10−2. The sign of the oxide stress, the stripe width, and the active layer depth determine whether a waveguide or antiwaveguide is formed. Experimental measurements have been carried out on two types of photoelastic waveguide at 1.15μm wavelength. The results confirm the theoretical calculations. These simply fabricated waveguides may be suitable for integrated optic applications. The effect of the photoelastic waveguide on operating stripe-geometry lasers has been determined by controlled experiments, which clearly indicate that it is the predominant builtin waveguide mechanism. The results also show that a reasonably strong builtin photoelastic waveguide is essential if well-behaved (’’kink’’-free) stripe lasers are to be made with stripe widths of about 20 μm.
Characterization of an IgM Fc-binding receptor on human T cells. (1993)

The existence of an IgM receptor on human T cells has been suggested by T cell rosetting with IgM-coated erythrocytes. In this study we used immunofluorocytometry to demonstrate that 1) after short-term culture, a majority of the T cells can bind IgM at easily detectable levels, 2) human and mouse IgM preparations bind to human T cells but other Ig isotypes do not, 3) the IgM binding is saturable and inhibitable only by Ig of IgM isotype and 4) the Fc portion of IgM is involved in the binding to a protease-sensitive cell surface protein. Biochemical analysis of the T cell receptor for IgM reveals a cell surface protein of 60 kDa in comparison with the 58 kDa Fc mu receptors (Fc mu R) on B-lineage cells. Although Fc mu R expression is up-regulated after B cell activation, the reverse is true after T cell activation. In addition, the T cell Fc mu R is relatively resistant to phospholipase C treatment. These results indicate that T- and B-lineage cells express Fc mu R with different biologic characteristics.
Leucocytosis-Promoting Factor of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> I. Purification and Characterization (1972)

The leucocytosis-promoting factor was purified from the supernatant fluid of spent cultures of Bordetella pertussis on solid medium. After precipitation at 67% saturation of ammonium sulfate, the leucocytosis-promoting factor was extracted with a 1.0 m NaCl solution. Purification was accomplished by starch block electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The purified preparation contained a high leucocytosis-promoting activity, and as small an amount as 0.04 mug of protein induced leucocytosis in mice. About 520-fold purification was attained, with a re-recovery of about 25% on an activity basis. The leucocytosis-promoting factor was composed solely of filamentous molecules of about 2 by 40 nm in size, with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 5.5S and a molecular weight of 108,000. It was insoluble in water but partially soluble in 1.0 m NaCl solution, and consisted mainly of protein, with some carbohydrate, lipid, and phosphorus.
Formation and growth of ice particles in stationary ultrasonic fields (1998)

The formation of ice particles in stationary ultrasonic fields (SUSFs) from ice aerosol was observed. Under suitable experimental conditions aerosol particles gather in stable ellipsoidal systems at temperatures down to &lt;50 K below ambient. We call these systems cold gas traps. The aerosol concentrates in the pressure node areas of the SUSF and conglomerates to form larger particles and snowflakes with diameters up to 10 mm. The resulting shapes are shown. Most of them are similar to those occurring in nature. An attempt is made to explain the effect. Three different processes of ice particle formation are visualized and discussed. Here the existence of a quasiliquid layer (QLL) on the particle surfaces seems to be essential because both the formation of ice particles and the QLL occur only at temperatures higher than about −25 °C. The observed trapping and generation process can be used, for example, in atmospheric physics for the study of particle aggregation, precipitation formation, and water and radiation transport phenomena.
The pharmacokinetics of oxycodone after intravenous injection in adults. (1991)

Oxycodone chloride (0.07 mg kg-1) was given by intravenous bolus to nine young adult surgical patients on the first postoperative day. Plasma was sampled for up to 12 h. Mean values of t1/2z, CL and Vss were 222 min, 0.78 l min-1 and 2.60 l kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of the metabolite noroxycodone was also measured. The mean AUC(0,12) ratio of noroxycodone to oxycodone was 0.33. Oxymorphone was not detected.
Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Enhanced Short-Circuit Current in Organic Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells (2011)

In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced organic thin-film photovoltaic cells and their improved photocurrent properties. The cell consists of a grating substrate/silver/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS structure. Blu-ray disk recordable substrates are used as the diffraction grating substrates on which silver films are deposited by vacuum evaporation. P3HT:PCBM films are spin-coated on silver/grating substrates. Low conductivity PEDOT:PSS/PDADMAC layer-by-layer ultrathin films deposited on P3HT:PCBM films act as the hole transport layer, whereas high conductivity PEDOT:PSS films deposited by spin-coating act as the anode. SPR excitations are observed in the fabricated cells upon irradiation with white light. Up to a 2-fold increase in the short-circuit photocurrent is observed when the surface plasmon (SP) is excited on the silver gratings as compared to that without SP excitation. The finite-difference time-domain simulation indicates that the electric field in the P3HT:PCBM layer can be increased using the grating-coupled SP technique.
‘‘Pot‐lid’’ technique for aesthetic removal of small lipoma on the face (2001)

The proposed modification of the NHET for lipoma removal improves the cosmetic outcome.
Physiological, morphological, and histochemical characterization of three classes of interneurons in rat neostriatum (1993)

Interneurons in lateral part of neostriatum were studied in isolated slices from juvenile rats (16-20 d postnatal) by whole-cell, current-clamp recording at 33-34 degrees C, followed by intracellular staining with biocytin and double immunocytochemical or histochemical staining for parvalbumin, ChAT, and NADPH diaphorase. Medium-sized spiny neurons (MS cells) had distal dendrites with many spines and were likely projection cells, while interneurons had dendrites with fewer spines. The neostriatal interneurons could be further divided into three classes by physiological, chemical, and morphological criteria. The first class of interneurons (fast-spiking cells, FS cells) fired very short-duration action potentials with short-duration afterhyperpolarizations at constant spike frequency during depolarizing current pulses. FS cells had more negative resting potentials and lower input resistances than the other two classes. At depolarized potentials, FS cells fired repetitive spikes in response to synaptic excitation. FS cells were immunoreactive for parvalbumin. As all parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the neostriatum were also immunoreactive for GABA, FS cells were considered to be GABAergic. FS cells were further divided into two morphological types: FS cells with local dendritic fields and FS cells with extended dendritic fields. The axons of both types of FS cells had their densest collateralization within or near their dendritic fields. The other two classes of interneuron, PLTS cells (persistent and low-threshold spike cells) and LA cells (long-lasting afterhyperpolarization cells), were distinguished from FS cells by longer-duration action potentials and larger input resistances, had less negative resting potentials, and had longer-lasting afterhyperpolarizations. Afterhyperpolarizations of PLTS cells had a shorter time to peak than those of LA cells. PLTS cells fired both Na(+)-dependent, persistent depolarization spikes and Ca(2+)-dependent, low-threshold spikes in addition to fast spikes. Low-threshold spikes in PLTS cells were induced only from hyperpolarized potentials. Both persistent depolarizations and low-threshold spikes could also be evoked by synaptic activation. PLTS cells were histochemically identified as NADPH diaphorase-positive cells. As all NADPH diaphorase-positive cells in the same tissue were immunoreactive for nitric oxide (NO) synthase, PLTS cells were considered to release NO. PLTS cells had the largest axonal fields. Some PLTS cells appeared to have two axonal origins from the somata and dendrites. LA cells were mostly large aspiny cells with Ca(2+)-dependent long-lasting afterhyperpolarizations and strong time-dependent hyperpolarizing rectification. As this slowly occurring anomalous rectification was blocked by 2 mM cesium, this potential was considered to be due to activation of Ih.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Combination of Chemical and Enzymatic RNA Synthesis (2004)

The potential of standard in vitro transcription reactions can be dramatically expanded, if chemically synthesized low-mol-wt compounds are used as building blocks in combination with standard nucleotide 5' triphosphates (NTPs). Short oligonucleotides that terminate in guanosine effectively compete with guanosine 5' triphosphate (GTP) as starter building blocks, and they are incorporated at the 5'-end of transcripts. Applications include production of RNAs with "unfriendly 5'-ends" (they do not begin with G), variations of the 5'-sequence are possible with the same DNA template, site-specific insertion of nucleotide modifications, and addition of 5'-labels, such as fluorescein for detection or biotin for capture. Clearly, chemically synthesized, modified NTPs are inserted at internal sites. The combination with phosphorothioate linkages for detection has been developed into a powerful high-throughput method to study site-specific interference of modifications with RNA function.
Stimulation of Interferon Production in Human Lymphocytes by Mitogens (1967)

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), poke weed mitogen, and streptolysin-O, all agents capable of stimulating mitosis in human lymphocytes in vitro also stimulated the production of an antiviral substance with biological, chemical, and physical properties identical to those of human interferon. Upon removal of PHA from human lymphocyte cultures interferon production ceased within 2 hours. Readdition of PHA resulted in reinitiation of interferon production.
A 1v 433/868MHz 25kb/s-FSK 2kb/s-OOK RF transceiver SoC in standard digital 0.18μm CMOS (2005)

A 1 V wireless SoC embedding an RF transceiver, a sensor interface, a 6.4 MHz RISC micro-controller with an 8k instruction SRAM and a power management unit is reported. The radio supports 25 kb/s FSK and 2 kb/s OOK modulations in the 433/868 MHz bands. In the 433 MHz band, the receiver draws 2.1 mA while providing a sensitivity of -108 dBm and the transmitter draws 27.6 mA for an output power of 10.5 dBm.
Needle–tissue interaction forces – A survey of experimental data (2012)

The development of needles, needle-insertion simulators, and needle-wielding robots for use in a clinical environment depends on a thorough understanding of the mechanics of needle-tissue interaction. It stands to reason that the forces arising from this interaction are influenced by numerous factors, such as needle type, insertion speed, and tissue characteristics. However, exactly how these factors influence the force is not clear. For this reason, the influence of various factors on needle insertion-force was investigated by searching literature for experimental data. This resulted in a comprehensive overview of experimental insertion-force data available in the literature, grouped by factor for quick reference. In total, 99 papers presenting such force data were found, with typical peak forces in the order of 1-10N. The data suggest, for example, that higher velocity tends to decrease puncture force and increase friction. Furthermore, increased needle diameter was found to increase peak forces, and conical needles were found to create higher peak forces than beveled needles. However, many questions remain open for investigation, especially those concerning the influence of tissue characteristics.
Detection of K-ras Gene Point Mutation＇s Style in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line PANC-1 by PCR-SSP (2006)

客观：在人的胰腺的癌症房间线 PANC-1 检测 K 地岬基因点变化的风格；确定地岬目标位置的 bp 顺序由 RNA 介入了。方法：为关于变化式样的聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 的三种特殊顺序教材(SSP )(GAT，法国总工会；GGT ) 在 12 K 地岬上的鳕鱼被用来学习人的胰腺的癌症房间线 PANC-1。扩大产品与 polyacrylamine 胶化电气泳动被学习检测点变化的风格。结果：在 12 上的鳕鱼的 K 地岬基因点变化的风格是在人的胰腺的癌症房间线的 GAT。结论：PCR-SSP 是快速的，方便；高特定。结果为胰腺的癌症由 RNA 干扰为进一步的基因治疗提供一个基础。