gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bigram based Real Time DNS Tunnel Detection Approach (2013)

DNS (Domain Name System) tunnels can provide high-bandwidth covert channels that pose a significant risk to sensitive information inside the company networks. Sensitive data are embedded in DNS query and response packets to exfiltrate and infiltrate the network boundaries. However, traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Firewalls let DNS packets pass without any checking. This paper explores a novel approach to detect in real time whether a DNS packet is in a tunnel by scoring the query domain based on bigram. Experiment shows that the bigrams of domains follow Zipf's law whereas tunnelled traffic is obedient to random distribution. The score mechanism in detecting DNS tunnels is proved to be usable theoretically and is confirmed in the experiment. Our approach can get a high accuracy of 98.74% and low false positive of 1.24%.
Amyloid plaques in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases). (2004)

Amyloid plaques are encountered in all cases of kuru and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) and in some 10-15% of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) cases. In variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) the particular type of plaque known as "florid" or "daisy" plaque exists in 100% of cases. By electron microscopy several types of amyloid plaque were delineated, corresponding to those seen by PrP immunohistochemistry. Unicentric "kuru" plaques consisted of stellate arrangements (stars or cores) of amyloid bundles emanating from a dense interwoven centre. A proportion of kuru plaques formed very dense stars, reminiscent of sea urchins in shape. Others presented a looser pattern. Amyloid stars were enveloped by astrocytic processes. High-power electron micrographs revealed that amyloid bundles were concealed within grooves of obscure cellular origin. Interestingly, basement membranes lined with electron-dense material were observed at the periphery of many amyloid plaques of GSS. Dystrophic neurites were seen only rarely. Microglial cells formed a significant part of the amyloid plaques. Occasionally clusters composed of several kuru plaques were found. These were intermediate forms to multi-centric plaques, which consisted of several merging stellate cores. Smaller amyloid deposits surrounded larger cores. In contrast to the kuru plaques, associated with a limited number of dystrophic neurites (DN), numerous such structures were seen at the periphery. The DN were filled with abnormal organelles such as electron-dense bodies, multi-vesicular bodies and multilamellar bodies and thus were indistinguishable from those seen in scrapie and CJD or Alzheimer's disease, except that they did not contain paired helical filaments (PHF). Instead, piled neurofilaments were often detected in the centres of DN. Similar DN were observed but these were not associated with any plaques. The last and, by the same token, the rarest type of plaque was the purely neuritic plaque. These consisted of large areas filled with DN of different sizes and shapes (sometimes bizarre) but not amyloid bundles. Analogously to the kuru and multi-centric plaques, astrocytic processes were observed at the periphery. By means of light microscopy and semi-thin (1 microm) sections discrete PrP-immunopositive plaques were observed (data not shown), in the subependymal region but not in the deep brain neuroparenchyma, in both 263K and 22C-H scrapie-infected hamster brains. These plaques were not discernible by routine haematoxylin and eosin staining. Ultrastructurally, plaques were recognised as areas of low electron density containing haphazardly-oriented fibrils which, when immunogold techniques were applied, were heavily decorated with PrP-conjugated gold particles.
Three-dimensional-networked NiCo2S4 nanosheet array/carbon cloth anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (2015)

We present the design and synthesis of three-dimensional (3D)-networked NiCo2S4 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) grown on carbon cloth along with their novel application as anodes in lithium-ion batteries. The relatively small (~60%) volumetric expansion of NiCo2S4 nanosheets during the lithiation process was confirmed by in situ transmission electron microscopy and is attributed to their mesoporous nature. The 3D network structure of NiCo2S4 nanosheets offers the additional advantages of large surface area, efficient electron and ion transport capability, easy access of electrolyte to the electrode surface, sufficient void space and mechanical robustness. The fabricated electrodes exhibited outstanding lithium-storage performance including high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability and high rate of performance. A reversible capacity of ~1275 mAh g−1 was obtained at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, and the devices retained ~1137 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, which is the highest value reported to date for electrodes made of metal sulfide nanostructures or their composites. Our results suggest that 3D-networked NiCo2S4 NSA/carbon cloth composites are a promising material for electrodes in high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Three-dimensional networks of NiCo2S4 nanosheets on carbon cloth substrates are highly promising as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Nanostructures made from metal sulphides make attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries except they tend to undergo large volume changes during electrochemical reactions, which lead to reduced capacity and poor cycling stability. Now, Wenjun Zhang and colleagues at City University of Hong Kong and Donghua University in Shanghai have demonstrated that NiCo2S4 nanosheet arrays on carbon cloths expand by only about 60% during lithiation as a result of their mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the arrays exhibited the highest specific capacity of any metal sulphide electrode reported to date as well as an excellent cycling stability and a high rate capability. They are thus excellent candidates for anode materials in high-performance lithium-ion batteries. 3D Networked NiCo2S4 nanosheet array/carbon cloth composites are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction and subsequent sulfurization process, and the rational material composition and structure design lead to their outstanding overall performance as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.
Cooling performance of ceiling-plenum-ducted containment systems in data centers (2014)

In an effort to improve the reliability and efficiency of data centers, racks and sometimes entire hot aisles are ducted to a dropped ceiling. The cooling performance of such systems strongly depends on IT and cooler airflow, the number and configuration of ducted objects and perforated ceiling tiles, the leakiness of the ceiling system, ceiling plenum depth, and other factors. Recently, a compact model has been proposed in which a Flow Network Model (FNM) representing the ducted equipment is embedded into a parent CFD model. By eliminating the need to explicitly model difficult-to-characterize leakage paths in CFD, this approach allows for realistic solutions while greatly improving the solutions speed and robustness of the CFD simulation. This paper employs the FNM (without CFD) to characterize and compare the cooling effectiveness of individually-ducted racks and ducted hot aisles subject to a given ceiling plenum pressure. Example resistance values needed in the FNM are provided. Additionally, an example data center layout is studied with the coupled FNM-CFD model to explore cooling performance as a function of ceiling leakiness, plenum depth, ratio of cooling to IT airflow, and rack density (IT airflow). Best-practice type recommendations for ducted equipment are provided.
iFCP - A Protocol for Internet Fibre Channel Storage Networking (2005)

This document specifies an architecture and a gateway-to-gateway
protocol for the implementation of fibre channel fabric functionality
over an IP network. This functionality is provided through TCP
protocols for fibre channel frame transport and the distributed fabric
services specified by the fibre channel standards. The architecture
enables internetworking of fibre channel devices through gateway-
accessed regions with the fault isolation properties of autonomous
systems and the scalability of the IP network. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
A map of security risks associated with using COTS (1998)

Combining Internet connectivity and COTS based systems results in increased threats from both external and internal sources. Traditionally, security design has been a matter of risk avoidance. Now more and more members of the security community realize the impracticality and insufficiency of this doctrine. It turns out that strict development procedures can only reduce the number of flaws in a complex system, not eliminate every single one. Vulnerabilities may also be introduced by changes in the system environment or the way the system operates. Therefore, both developers and system owners must anticipate security problems and have a strategy for dealing with them. This is particularly important with COTS based systems, because system owners have no control over the development of the components. The authors present a taxonomy of potential problem areas. It can be used to aid the analysis of security risks when using systems that to some extent contain COTS components.
Noah: low-cost file access prediction through pairs (2002)

Prediction is a powerful tool for performance and usability. It can reduce access latency for I/O systems, and can improve usability for mobile computing systems by automating the file hoarding process. We present recent research that has resulted in a file successor predictor that matches the performance of state-of-the-art context-modeling predictors, while requiring a small fraction of their space requirements. Noah is an online algorithm for predicting successor file access events, effectively identifying strong pairings (successor relationships) among files. Noah can accurately predict approximately 80% of all file access events while tracking only two candidate successors, of which only one requires regular dynamic updates.
Terahertz Transmitters and Receivers (2008)

THz spectroscopy promises attractive applications in various fields. Commercial use requires compact, room temperature and cost effective systems. The role of telecom technology and recent developments on novel InP devices are summarized in this paper.
Inducible Foxp3 <sup>+</sup> regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota (2010)

To maintain intestinal health, the immune system must faithfully respond to antigens from pathogenic microbes while limiting reactions to self-molecules. The gastrointestinal tract represents a unique challenge to the immune system, as it is permanently colonized by a diverse amalgam of bacterial phylotypes producing multitudes of foreign microbial products. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that inflammatory bowel disease results from uncontrolled inflammation to the intestinal microbiota. However, molecular mechanisms that actively promote mucosal tolerance to the microbiota remain unknown. We report herein that a prominent human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, directs the development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) with a unique "inducible" genetic signature. Monocolonization of germ-free animals with B. fragilis increases the suppressive capacity of Tregs and induces anti-inflammatory cytokine production exclusively from Foxp3(+) T cells in the gut. We show that the immunomodulatory molecule, polysaccharide A (PSA), of B. fragilis mediates the conversion of CD4(+) T cells into Foxp3(+) Treg cells that produce IL-10 during commensal colonization. Functional Foxp3(+) Treg cells are also produced by PSA during intestinal inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is required for both Treg induction and IL-10 expression. Most significantly, we show that PSA is not only able to prevent, but also cure experimental colitis in animals. Our results therefore demonstrate that B. fragilis co-opts the Treg lineage differentiation pathway in the gut to actively induce mucosal tolerance.
Evaluation of the endothelin receptor antagonists ambrisentan, darusentan, bosentan, and sitaxsentan as substrates and inhibitors of hepatobiliary transporters in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the two-part special issue entitled 20 Years of Endothelin Research. (2010)

To evaluate potential mechanisms of clinical hepatotoxicity, 4 endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) were examined for substrate activity and inhibition of hepatic uptake and efflux transporters in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. The 4 transporters studied were sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), organic anion transporter (OATP), bile salt export pump (BSEP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). ERA transporter inhibition was examined using the substrates taurocholate (for NTCP and BSEP), [(3)H]estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide (for OATP), and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin (for MRP2). ERA substrate activity was evaluated using probe inhibitors ritonavir (OATP and BSEP), bromosulfalein (OATP), erythromycin (P-glycoprotein), probenecid (MRP2 and OATP), and cyclosporin (NTCP). ERAs were tested at 2, 20, and 100 micromol*L-1 for inhibition and at 2 micromol*L-1 as substrates. OATP, NTCP, or BSEP transport activity was not reduced by ambrisentan or darusentan. Bosentan and sitaxsentan attenuated NTCP transport at higher concentrations. Only sitaxsentan decreased OATP transport (52%), and only bosentan reduced BSEP transport (78%). MRP2 transport activity was unaltered. OATP inhibitors decreased influx of all ERAs. Darusentan influx was least affected (84%-100% of control), whereas bosentan was most affected (32%-58% of control). NTCP did not contribute to influx of ERAs. Only bosentan and darusentan were shown as substrates for both BSEP and P-glycoprotein efflux. All ERAs tested were substrates for at least one hepatic transporter. Bosentan and sitaxsentan, but not ambrisentan and darusentan, inhibited human hepatic transporters, which provides a potential mechanism for the increased hepatotoxicity observed for these agents in the clinical setting.
Betaine and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide as Predictors of Cardiovascular Outcomes Show Different Patterns in Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study (2014)

Elevated plasma betaine concentration is a marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes; conversely low plasma betaine concentrations indicate increased risk in the absence of diabetes. We speculate that the difference reflects control of osmolyte retention in tissues. Elevated plasma TMAO is a strong risk marker in diabetes.
CRSM: Crowdsourcing Based Road Surface Monitoring (2013)

Detecting road potholes and road roughness levels is key to road condition monitoring, which impacts transport safety and driving comfort. We propose a crowd sourcing based road surface monitoring system, simply called CRSM. CRSM can effectively detect road potholes and evaluate road roughness levels using our hardware modules mounted on distributed vehicles. These modules use low-end accelerometers and GPS devices to obtain vibration pattern, location, and vehicle velocity. Considering the high cost of onboard storage and wireless transmission, a novel light-weight data mining algorithm is proposed to detect road surface events and transmit potential pothole information to a central server. The server gathers reports from the multiple vehicles, and makes a comprehensive evaluation on road surface quality. We have implemented a product-quality system and deployed it on 100 taxies in the Shenzhen urban area. The results show that CRSM can detect road potholes with up to 90% accuracy, and nearly zero false alarms. CRSM can also evaluate road roughness levels correctly, even with some interferences from small bumps or potholes.
Messenger-Tagging Electrosprayed Ions: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Suberate Dianions (2009)

The gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy of bare and monohydrated suberate dianions, (-)OOC-(CH(2))(6)-COO(-) and (-)OOC-(CH(2))(6)-COO(-).H(2)O, is studied by infrared photodissociation aided by electronic structure calculations. To this end, the corresponding ion-Kr atom complexes are formed in a cooled buffer-gas-filled ion trap, and their infrared vibrational predissociation spectra are measured in the range from 660 to 3600 cm(-1). The water molecule binds to one of the two carboxylate groups in a bidentate fashion, characterized by the splitting of the carboxylate stretching bands, a substantially blue-shifted water bending band, and the presence of anomalously broadened bands in the O-H stretching and H(2)O rocking region. The C-C backbone structure remains unperturbed by the addition of a water molecule or a Kr atom. At 63 K, the all-trans isomer is the most abundant species, but evidence for dynamically interconverting conformers is also present from contributions to the absorption cross section on the low-energy tail of the C-H stretching region.
Auto-antibody production and glomerulonephritis in congenic Slamf1-/- and Slamf2-/- [B6.129] but not in Slamf1-/- and Slamf2-/- [BALB/c.129] mice (2011)

Several genes in an interval of human and mouse chromosome 1 are associated with a predisposition for systemic lupus erythematosus. Congenic mouse strains that contain a 129-derived genomic segment, which is embedded in the B6 genome, develop lupus because of epistatic interactions between the 129-derived and B6 genes, e.g. in B6.129chr1b mice. If a gene that is located on chromosome 1 is altered through homologous recombination in 129-derived embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and if the resultant knockout mouse is backcrossed with B6, interpretation of the phenotype of the mutant mouse may be affected by epistatic interactions between the 129 and B6 genomes. Here, we report that knockout mice of two adjacent chromosome 1 genes, Slamf1(-/-) and Slamf2(-/-), which were generated with the same 129-derived ES cell line, develop features of lupus, if backcrossed on to the B6 genetic background. By contrast, Slamf1(-/-) [BALB/c.129] and Slamf2(-/-) [BALB/c.129] do not develop disease. Surprisingly, Slamf1(-/-) [B6.129] mice develop both auto-antibodies and glomerulonephritis between 3 and 6 months of age, while disease fully develops in Slamf1(-/-) [B6.129] mice after 9-14 months. Functional analyses of CD4(+) T cells reveals that Slamf2(-/-) T cells are resistant to tolerance induction in vivo. We conclude that the Slamf2(-/-) mutation may have a unique influence on T-cell tolerance and lupus.
THE TAXONOMY, HISTORY, AND DISTRIBUTION OF LINARIA DALMATICA (1962)

The taxonomy of Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. is discussed and a lectotype is selected, viz plant-number XII.10, Linaria latifolia Dalmatica, magno flore Bauh., in the Joachim Burser herbarium, which is preserved in Uppsala. A comprehensive description of the species is given. Two varieties are included: var. dalmatica, native from Yugoslavia to Iran, and var. macedonica (Griseb.) Vandas, indigenous to the mountains of southern Yugoslavia. Photographs of the type specimens of each are presented. L. grandiflora Desf. is shown to be a synonym of var. dalmatica, and Vandas is the correct authority for var. macedonica. Var. macedonica probably has never been cultivated but var. dalmatica was under cultivation at least as early as 1594 in Europe. It is now cultivated in Asia and North America as well as in Europe. Although probably introduced into North America by 1894, the earliest voucher specimen is dated 1920. Presently growing in 15 states in the U.S.A. and six provinces in Canada, var. dalmatica has escaped from cultivation and has spread as a weed in very diverse habitats, especially in coarse-textured soils west of the 100th meridian.
STUDIES OF THE CHRONIC INHALATION OF COAL FLY ASH BY RATS (1982)

Journal Article STUDIES OF THE CHRONIC INHALATION OF COAL FLY ASH BY RATS Get access OTTO G. RAABE, OTTO G. RAABE Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. S. TYLER, W. S. TYLER Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. LAST, J. A. LAST Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. W. SCHWARTZ, L. W. SCHWARTZ Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. O. LOLLINI, L. O. LOLLINI Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. L. FISHER, G. L. FISHER Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. D. WILSON, F. D. WILSON Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. DUNGWORTH D. L. DUNGWORTH Laboratory for Energy-Related Health Research and California Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Volume 26, Issue 2, 1982, Pages 189–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/26.2.189 Published: 01 February 1982
Contenido ideológico y militarismo en M.A.S.H. (2014)

M.A.S.H. fue una de las primeras películas que abordó abiertamente la Guerra de Vietnam durante la duración del propio conflicto. En este artículo proponemos una visión del film desde el punto de vista de su contenido ideológico y antimilitarista, haciendo hincapié en su paralelismo con los movimientos pacifistas dados en Estados Unidos en el época y su relación con el movimiento cinematográfico del New Hollywood en que se encuadra a su director, Robert Altman.
The method for SMD footprint design (1999)

Give a detailed recounting about the composition of SMD footprint,the problem that must be considered in the design process and the method for SMD footprint design.
Synthesis of Some 2-(2'~Thienoyl)Coumaran-3-Ones** (1980)

Chemistry Department, Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur-812 007. <em>Manuscript received 4 February 1980, revised 30 June 1980, accepted July 26, 1980</em> Synthesis of 2-(2'-Thienoyl)coumaran-3-one and its 7-methyl, 5-methyl, 5-chioro, 7-methyl-5-bromo, 5-methyl-7-bromo derivatives from two routes have been described. In one, the corresponding 2-(2'-thienoyloxy) acetophenones have been brominated using CuBr<sub>2</sub> to obtain high yields of the \(\omega\)-bromoacetophenones, which on Baker­-Venkataraman (B.V) transformation afforded the cournaran-3-ones. In the other, the thienoyloxy acetophenones have been first converted to the related 1:3 diketones by B. V. rearrangement. These ketones have then been converted to the conmaran-3-ones by careful bromination and cyclization.