gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipolar nickel-hydrogen batteries for aerospace applications (1984)

A bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery which effectively addresses all key requirements for a spacecraft power system, including long-term reliability and low mass, is discussed. The design of this battery is discussed in the context of system requirements and nickel-hydrogen battery technology in general. To achieve the ultimate goal of an aerospace application of a bipolar Ni-H2 battery several objectives must be met in the design and development of the system. These objectives include: maximization of reliability and life; high specific energy and energy density; reasonable cost of manufacture, test, and integration; and ease in scaling for growth in power requirements. These basic objectives translate into a number of specific design requirements, which are discussed.
Adhalin, the 50 kD dystrophin associated protein, is not the locus for severe childhood autosomal recessive dystrophy (SCARMD) (1994)

Mutations in the carboxyl-terminus in dystrophin are normally sufficient to produce severely dystrophic muscle. This portion of dystrophin binds a complex of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins (DAGs). The genes encoding these DAGs are candidate genes for causing neuromuscular disease. Immunoreactivity for adhalin, the 50 kD DAG, is absent in muscle biopsies from patients with SCARMD, a form of dystrophy clinically similar Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Prior linkage analysis in SCARMD families revealed that the disease gene segregates with markers on chromosome 13. To determine the molecular role that adhalin may play in SCARMD, human cDNA and genomic sequences were isolated. Primers were designed based on predicted areas of conservation in rabbit adhalin and used in RT-PCR with human skeletal and cardiac muscle. RT-PCR products were confirmed by sequence as human adhalin and then used as probes for screening human cDNA and genomic libraries. Human and rabbit adhalin are 90% identical, and among the cDNAs, a novel splice form of adhalin was seen which may encode part of the 35 kD component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. To our surprise, only human/rodent hybrids containing human chromosome 17 amplified adhalin sequences in a PCR analysis. FISH analysis with three overlapping genomic sequences confirmed the chromosome 17more » location and further delineated the map position to 17q21. Therefore, adhalin is excluded as the gene causing SCARMD.« less
Does the PKU diet contribute to impaired renal function? (2013)

The research cited was supported by grants awarded to D. M. Ney from the National Institutes of Health, National PKU Alliance, and United States Department of Agriculture HATCH grant WISO1517. D. M. Ney is a co-inventor on U.S. Patent Application US-2010-0317597, entitled “Glycomacropeptide (GMP) medical foods for nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU) and other metabolic disorders,” which is held by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and licensed to Cambrooke Foods, LLC. A percentage of all royalty payments is awarded to the inventors.
Dietary supplementation with vitamin E modulates avian intestinal immunity (2002)

The effect of dietary vitamin E on immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody production, which acts as the first line of defence at the intestinal mucosa, has not been evaluated in chickens. In the present study the impact of the inclusion of supplementary levels of vitamin E to the diet, on total and antigen-specific IgA antibody titres, T-cell subsets and Ia+ cells, was assessed. From hatching, chickens received a maize-based diet which was supplemented with either 25, 250, 2500 or 5000 mg dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg. Primary immunisation with tetanus toxoid (T. toxoid) emulsified in a vegetable oil-in-water adjuvant was administered by the intraperitoneal route at 21 d of age. At 35 d of age all birds received an oral booster vaccination of T. toxoid. Significantly higher total IgA antibody titres were present in the day 42 intestinal scrapings of birds receiving the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E-supplemented diet (VESD) ( P =0·05) and a notable increase was observed in birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD ( P =0·06). At days 21 and 42 total serum IgA antibody titres of birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD was significantly higher ( P <0·05) than the control birds. Following immunisation with T. toxoid, birds receiving the 250 and the 5000 mg/kg VESD had elevated anti-T. toxoid IgA antibody titres in final day intestinal scrapings, which, for the latter group was statistically significant ( P =0·02). Both of these groups also demonstrated increased titres of anti-T. toxoid IgA in the serum at day 42. Birds receiving the 250 mg/kg VESD exhibited a notable increase in the percentage of T-helper cells and Ia+ cells in peripheral blood on day 26. The results illustrate the potential for some levels of dietary vitamin E supplementation to act as an immunomodulator of total and antigen-specific IgA antibody.
Use of coregistered radar, visible and IR images for geologic remote sensing (1983)

The Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) obtained images over the southern portion of the San Rafael Swell in eastern Utah. SEASAT SAR and LANDSAT MSS images and thermal inertia data from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) were correlated with the SIR-A data. Radar images obtained with different incidence angles and different illumination directions were compared with images obtained in other portions of the spectrum for geologic remote sensing.
How do children ape? Applying concepts from the study of non‐human primates to the developmental study of ‘imitation’ in children (2002)

We highlight two aspects of research into social learning that have been neglected in existing developmental research, namely: (1) The role of social learning in learning to use tools, and (2) Whether children’s social learning involves copying the actions themselves (‘blind’ imitation or mimicry), or alternatively, the effects of those actions (emulation). In Part I of the paper we argue that the failure to distinguish between these different mechanisms is closely related to the lack of research on the social transmission of tool use and that both omissions limit our understanding of early social learning. We conclude Part I by outlining the requirements for an adequate study of these two issues. In Part II, we use this analysis to critically examine data from existing developmental research with children. We also assess the data currently available in the comparative literature which address these issues more directly. We conclude that children learn only what actions to perform via observation (‘blind’ imitation or mimicry), and not why those actions are effective (emulation). We close by identifying important potential pitfalls and unresolved questions for the future study of the social learning of actions on objects.
Electrodeposition of Gold: Depolarization Effects Induced by Heavy Metal Ions (1976)

Addition of trace quantities (ppm) of heavy metal ions such as Pb(II) or Tl(I) to soft gold electroplating baths induces a marked cathode depolarization that extends the current density range in which bright, fine‐grained deposits can be obtained and produces uniform coverage of irregularly shaped substrates. In this study it is shown that the trace foreign metal additives which are most effective as depolarizers are those which tend to deposit uniformly on a gold surface to form an adsorbed monolayer at electrode potentials positive to those where their cathodic deposition as bulk metals begins,i.e., at underpotentials. Of the series of Group B elements (As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl, and Zn) investigated for depolarization action in alkaline phosphate solutions (pH 8, 70°C), only Pb, Tl, Bi, and Hg were found to induce significant effects. The latter two metals have not previously been reported to act as depolarizers in gold electrodeposition processes. The kinetics of the potential relaxation effects induced by these species under galvanostatic conditions were found to be strongly dependent on mass transport rate, gold deposition rate (i.e., plating current density), and temperature. In addition, it was found that Pb, Bi, Hg, and particularly Tl enhance the anodic dissolution of gold in cyanide‐containing solutions. The ranges of underpotential deposition of the metals Pb, Tl, Bi, and Hg from very dilute (∼5 μM) solutions of their ions in pure phosphate supporting electrolyte at 70°C were determined under steady‐state mass transport conditions at a rotating gold disk electrode. By varying the disk rotational speed and the potential scan rate, it was shown that a significant amount of Pb(II) [the equivalent of ∼20% of a close‐packed monolayer of Pb(0)] is specifically adsorbed in the ionic double layer at the gold surface and is not desorbed even at high anodic potentials. A similar phenomenon was observed for the Bi(III) species. The depolarization induced by the trace heavy metal ions is examined in terms of electrocrystallization and electrocatalytic mechanisms. From the magnitude of the potential relaxation (∼0.2V), its temperature dependence, and the ability of Hg to alloy with Au, it is concluded that screw dislocation generation is not responsible for this effect. Failure of Cs+ ions to enhance the rate of electroreduction of anions and also the ability of Pb(II) to catalyze the electroreduction of indicates that electrostatic repulsion effects are of minor importance. It is concluded that the depolarization phenomenon is caused by an enhancement of nucleation rate produced by the strongly adsorbed foreign metal atoms. In addition, catalytic electrochemical displacement reactions are made possible by the fact that the exchange current densities of the various Mz+/M depolarizer couples are much greater than that of the couple and by the specific adsorption of the Mz+species. In the case of Hg, displacement is made thermodynamically possible by the complexation of Hg2+ by CN− ions released during the electroreduction of .
Diamond Nanoparticles: Jewels for Chemistry and Physics (2008)

Abstract Nanodiamond materials have become broadly available. Their synthesis is usually carried out by explosion or shock wave methods. They exhibit a unique surface structure and can be functionalized in various ways. This opens a broad range of applications in composites, biological systems, electronics, and surface technology.
Screening, expression, purification and characterization of CoA-transferases for lactoyl-CoA generation (2019)

Lactoyl-CoA is critical for the biosynthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible lactate-based copolymers, which have wide applications. However, reports on acetyl-CoA: lactate CoA-transferases (ALCTs) are rare. To exploit novel ALCTs, amino acid sequence similarity searches based on the CoA-transferases from Clostridium propionicum and Megasphaera elsdenii were conducted. Two known and three novel enzymes were expressed, purified and characterized. Three novel ALCTs were identified, one each from Megasphaera sp. DISK 18, Clostridium lactatifermentans An75 and Firmicutes bacterium CAG: 466. ME-PCT from Megasphaera elsdenii had the highest catalytic efficiency for both acetyl-CoA (264.22 s<sup>-1</sup> mM<sup>-1</sup>) and D-lactate (84.18 s<sup>-1</sup> mM<sup>-1</sup>) with a broad temperature range for activity and good stability. This study, therefore, offers novel and efficient enzymes for lactoyl-CoA generation. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the systematic mining of ALCTs, which offers valuable new tools for the engineering of pathways that rely on these enzymes.
Key design selections for the 20.4 MWh SMES/ETM (1991)

The 20.4-MWh superconducting magnetic energy storage engineering test model (SMES/ETM) will be the world's largest superconducting magnet by nearly two orders of magnitude in stored energy. Its size, Lorentz loads, and power delivery requirements dictate a number of fundamental design requirements. In addition, the SMES/ETM must fully accomplish its primary mission of demonstrating large-scale SMES technology, while at the same time minimizing technical, schedule, and cost risks. A discussion is presented of nine key design decisions that are fundamental to meeting these challenging goals. These are a conductor current of 200 kA, helium containment within the conductor, an operating temperature of 1.8 K, a CICC conductor with a hollow core, a conductor premanufactured in half-turn lengths, a circular and continuous coil pac structure, fiberglass-reinforced plastic pultrusion for the coil pack structure material, a coil pack operating position that is precompressed radially inward, and a liner for vacuum enclosure.
Bonding of lithium niobate to silicon in ambient air using laser irradiation (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a bonding method in ambient air using laser irradiation to the face-to-face interface of dissimilar materials. This method is performed while keeping whole wafers of the materials at room temperature. We demonstrate the bonding of LiNbO 3 to Si using pulsed nanosecond green laser irradiation. Laser use can minimize thermal stress owing to a large thermal expansion mismatch. The bonding characteristic obtained by an irradiation laser up to 2.5 J/cm 2 in fluence is investigated. It is found that a LiNbO 3 chip is strongly bonded to a Si chip by setting the laser fluence at the optimum range. A bond strength of over 2 MPa, which may be enough for the device applications, can be obtained.
Rapid Kinetics of Size and pH-Dependent Dissolution and Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles in Simulated Gastric Fluid (2015)

As silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a wide array of commercial products and can enter the human body through oral exposure, it is important to understand the fundamental physical and chemical processes leading to changes in nanoparticle size under the conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Rapid AgNP growth was observed using nanoparticle tracking analysis with 30 s resolution over a period of 17 min in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) to explore rapid kinetics as a function of pH (SGF at pH 2, 3.5, 4.5 and 5), size (20 and 110 nm AgNPs), and nanoparticle coating (citrate and PVP). Growth was observed for 20 nm AgNP at each pH, decreasing in rate with increasing pH, with the kinetics shifting from second-order to first-order. The 110 nm AgNP showed growth at ≤3.5 pH, with no growth observed at higher pH. This behavior can be explained by the generation of Ag<sup>+</sup> in acidic environments, which precipitates with Cl<sup>-</sup>, leading to particle growth and facilitating particle aggregation by decreasing their electrostatic repulsion in solution. These results highlight the need to further understand the importance of initial size, physicochemical properties, and kinetics of AgNPs after ingestion to assess potential toxicity.
Effect of green tea rich in ?-aminobutyric acid on blood pressure of Dahl salt-sensitive rats (1995)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure by modulating the neurotransmitter release in the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous systems. This study investigated the antihypertensive effect of green tea rich in GABA (GABA-rich tea) in young and old Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats. GABA-rich tea was made by fermenting fresh green tea leaves under nitrogen gas. In experiment 1, 21 11-month-old rats, fed a 4% NaCl diet for 3 weeks, were given water (group W), an ordinary tea solution (group T), or a GABA-rich tea solution (group G) for 4 weeks. The average GABA intake was 4.0 mg/rat per day. After 4 weeks of the treatment, blood pressure was significantly decreased in group G (176 +/- 4; P < .01) compared with group W (207 +/- 9) or group T (193 +/- 5 mm Hg). Plasma GABA levels were more elevated in group G (111 +/- 54) than in group W (not detectable) or group T (14 +/- 8 ng/mL; P < .01 v G). In experiment 2, 21 5-week-old rats, fed a 4% NaCl diet, were divided into groups W, T, and G. The average GABA intake was 1.8 mg/rat per day. Body weight or chow and beverage consumption did not differ significantly among the three groups. After 4 weeks of the treatment, although blood pressure was comparable in groups W and T (165 +/- 3 v 164 +/- 5 mm Hg, mean +/- SE), it was significantly lower in group G (142 +/- 3 mm Hg) than in the other groups (P < .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of Urinary Keratin Number 18 using a New Assay (1988)

The levels of the low-molecular weight keratin 18 appearing in the voided urine of 130 healthy volunteers was studied using a new immunoradiometric assay for keratin 18 (IRMAK-18). Keratin 18 was detected in 79 urines with an average level of 2.5 +/- 4.7 ng./ml. The assay does not detect complex epidermal keratins or non-keratin intermediate filaments. Only 50% of the purified keratin added to urine could be recovered. The recovered keratin had the same molecular weight as the input molecules, implying that substances in the urine physically inhibited the assay rather than destroyed the keratin. The independent variables of cell count, dead cells, and protein concentration were not found to be important in evaluating the results. However, the urine concentration, as measured by creatinine, might be an important consideration for assessing the levels of keratin detected.
The Role of the Intrachain Disulfide Bond in the Conformation and Stability of the Constant Fragment of the Immunoglobulin Light Chain1 (1979)

The conformation and stabilities of the CL fragment isolated from a type lambda Bence Jones protein and the fragment in which the intrachain disulfide bond had been reduced were studied by measuring CD, fluorescence, and ultraviolet absorption. The results indicated that no great conformational change occurs on reduction of the disulfide, unless the SH groups are alkylated. Intact CL was more resistant than reduced CL to guanidine hydrochloride. The denaturation curves were analyzed using an equation based on the binding of guanidine hydrochloride and the free energy changes of denaturation in the absence of the denaturant were estimated as about 6 kcal.mol-1 for intact CL and about 1.8 kcal.mol-1 for reduced CL. The difference in stability between intact CL and reduced CL was explained to a great extent in terms of the entropy change associated with reduction of the intrachain disulfide bond of the fragment in the denatured state.
On-line Performance Monitoring of Treatment Programs for MIC Control (2001)

Abstract The effective use of both oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides for control of MIC in cooling water systems was evaluated. Traditional off-line methods of monitoring and control were compared to a new on-line method. The on-line method utilizes a patented localized corrosion monitor (LCM) to monitor changes in localized corrosion rates within laboratory scale and pilot cooling tower systems under various biocide treatment regimes. Under many of these conditions, the changes in localized corrosion rates can be directly correlated to specific biocide feed. Standard culture techniques for indicator microorganisms of MIC such as Acid Producing Bacteria (APB) and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs) were also used to evaluate biocide performance. These tests were useful for selecting the best biocides against anaerobes associated with MIC, but the on-line LCM monitor was more effective in adequately providing the correct biocide dosage.
복합건축의 수직동선 이용자별 효율적인 제3동선의 설정 (2019)

The purpose of the study is to survey the effective methodology of composition and connection for the third pedestrian routes in mixed-use building by case studies. The study is performed as follows: First of all, pedestrian routes are classified into malling route, evacuation route, and the Third route. Secondly, case studies are conducted based on the classification. Thirdly, it is investigated about the composition and connection of the malling and the Third pedestrian route. The investigation is focused on gate, path, central area, vertical circulation(EV and escalator) and the four circulation elements. Finally, the effective methodology is extracted for setting the Third route in mixed-use buildings. The conclusion of the study is as follows: The enhancement of consistency and connection between the main route and the Third route is important for providing convenient paths especially to users who needs shortcut, EV/ES users. Additionally, the connections between EV and gate, between shortcut and EV/ES should be increased to enable users choosing their path as needed.
Cerebral subcellular distribution of CDP-choline and/or its metabolites after oral administration of methyl-14C CDP-choline. (1983)

Distribution of radioactivity in subcellular components of a cerebral extract after oral administration of methyl-14C labelled cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) was analyzed. Animals were decapitated 24 h after the administration and the brain immediately removed and gently homogenized in a buffer solution. The homogenate was fractionated by differential centrifugation and the protein concentration and the radioactivity were measured in each precipitate as well as in the final supernatant. Radioactivity was found to be associated mainly with membranous microsomal precipitate and with cytoplasmic membrane precipitate. Alternatively, materials sedimenting between 500 X g and 20,000 X g were fractionated in a density gradient centrifugation. Fractions were screened for enzymatic activities as indicators of cytoplasmic membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, microsomes and synaptosomes. Radioactivity was found to be associated with cytoplasmic and microsomal membrane fractions. Identification of some fractions as enriched in synaptosomes also accumulating radioactivity, as well as the possible incorporation of the radioactivity to choline and phosphorylcholine cerebral pools are discussed.
Solid-state characterization and dissolution properties of bicalutamide-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. (2008)

The solid-state properties and dissolution profile of bicalutamide beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) inclusion complex were investigated. The phase solubility profile of bicalutamide with beta-cyclodextrin was classified as A(L)-type. Stability constant with 1:1 molar ratio was calculated from the phase solubility diagram and the aqueous solubility of bicalutamide was found to be enhanced by 86% for beta-cyclodextrin. Binary systems of bicalutamide with betaCD were prepared by the kneading method. The solid-state properties of the complex were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. It could be concluded that bicalutamide could form an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin. The dissolution profile of the inclusion complex was determined and compared with those of bicalutamide alone and its physical mixture. The dissolution rate of bicalutamide was significantly increased bycomplexation with betaCD, as compared with pure drug and physical mixture.