gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time 3D pointing gesture recognition for natural HCI (2008)

Hand gestures play a natural and intuitive communication mode for all human dialogs. The use of human movements, especially hand gestures, has become an important part of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in recent years. Among natural human gestures occurring during non-verbal communication, pointing gesture can be easily recognized and included in more natural new human computer interfaces. Researchers have proposed many systems based on pointing gesture for HCI. Theses systems, however, share the same elements such as a video projector, a camera and a planar surface. Unlike these existing approaches, a novel approach to pointing gestures recognition based on binocular stereo vision is developed. The pointing direction is based on the line of sight connecting the point of pseudo-eyes. The mentioned model does not constrain the flat surface pointed to by user to be visible by the cameras. The unique feature of our system is that cameras do not need to capture entire bodies and faces. Experimental results show that the system works in real time on a low cost hardware platform. It is fairly accurate and independent of user characteristics and environmental changes.
Methanol Synthesis from CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation over CuZnCeTi Mixed Oxide Catalysts (2019)

CuZnCeTi mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and studied in methanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation. Compared with the CuCeTi ternary oxide catalyst and commercial CuZnAl catalyst, CuZnCeTi oxide catalysts presented an enhanced catalytic performance, showing a factor of 2 higher turnover frequency (TOF) value. The effects of chemical compositions were systematically studied. With increasing CuO content, the CO2 conversion first increased and then decreased, with the CuO content of 30 wt % being optimal. With increasing Zn/Cu molar ratio, the maximum CO2 conversion was reached at a Zn/Cu molar ratio of 1, while the maximum methanol yield was reached at a Zn/Cu ratio of 1.2. Further characterization revealed that the catalyst activity showed a good linear relationship with the amount of CO2 uptake over strong basic sites. The catalyst composition also affected the stability, and the catalyst with a Zn/Cu ratio of 2.0 was found to have the best stability.
111In oxine labelled mesenchymal stem cell SPECT after intravenous administration in myocardial infarction (2003)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential if successfully delivered to the intended site of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of 111In oxine labelling of MSCs and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging after intravenous administration in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. Adult farm pigs (n=2) were subjected to closed chest experimental myocardial infarction. 111In oxine labelled MSCs (1 x 10(7) to 2 x 10(7) cells) were infused intravenously, and SPECT imaging was performed initially and on days 1, 2, 7 and 14. High quality SPECT images were obtained through 2 weeks of imaging. High initial MSC localization occurred in the lungs and slow progressive accumulation occurred in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. Renal activity was mild and persistent throughout imaging. No appreciable accumulation occurred in the myocardium. It is concluded that 111In oxine radiolabelling of MSCs is feasible, and in vivo imaging with SPECT provides a non-invasive method for sequentially monitoring cell trafficking with good spatial resolution. Because intravenous administration of MSCs results in significant lung activity that obscures the assessment of myocardial cell trafficking, alternative routes of administration should be investigated for this application.
Osteoarthrosis in guinea pigs: histopathologic and scanning electron microscopic features. (1989)

Spontaneous cartilage degeneration of the femorotibial joint of male Hartley guinea pigs, 61 to 365 days old, was studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the incidence, age at onset, and to characterize the early changes. Knee joints of 61 day old animals were histologically and ultrastructurally normal. Focal minimal degeneration characterized by cell and proteoglycan loss with surface fibrillation was first observed by LM on the medial tibial plateau (MTP) in two of five 89 day old animals. Mild lesions characterized by focal surface disruption, primarily in the area of medial tibial plateau not covered by the meniscus, were observed in three of five 89 day old animals by SEM. Light microscopic alterations in knee joints of 4, 5, and 6 month old animals consisted of varying degrees of focal chondrocyte death, decreased toluidine blue matrix staining, and surface fibrillation. Small chondrocytic clones were first observed in medial tibial cartilage of 6 month old animals with moderate focal degeneration. Ultrastructurally, 4, 5, and 6 month old animals generally had moderate to severe fibrillation involving primarily the area of the medial tibial plateau not covered by the meniscus. Tibial osteophyte formation, mild synovial hyperplasia, medial femoral and meniscal cartilage degeneration, were first seen by LM in 9 month old animals. Lesions in 1 year old animals were similar, but more severe and included subchondral sclerosis of medial tibial and femoral bone. Bilateral fibrillation of greater than 50% of the medial tibial articular surface was observed in all 1 year old animals by SEM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Magnetic Properties and Spin Dynamics of an Organic Magnetic Salt 1-Methyl-3'-Ethyl-2,2'-Quinoselenacyanine-[TCNQ]<sub>2</sub> (1982)

The magnetic properties of an organic charge-transfer salt, (1-methyl-3'-ethyl-2,2'-quinoselenacyanine)-(tetracyanoquinodimethane) 2 –(MEQSeC-[TCNQ] 2 ) are studied by magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity and ESR measurements in the temperature region from 4.2 to 290 K. It is found that the spin correlation changes widely with changing temperature. The system is diamagnetic except impurity spins around 4.2K. However, the spin system changes to pair like (35∼65 K), 1-D like (65∼160 K) and 2-D or 3-D like (160∼290 K) systems gradually as the temperature increases from 30 to 290 K. The observed changes are explained by relating with the semiconductive nature of the crystal.
Simulation of the history dependence of primary dendrite spacing in directional solidification (2003)

Primary dendrite spacing (lambda(1)) in directionally solidified alloys is dependent not only on processing parameters, i.e. temperature gradient and pulling velocity, but also on the processing history, including seed density and acceleration/deceleration of the pulling velocity. A cellular automaton model of grain growth was combined with a finite difference model of solute diffusion (CA-FD) to simulate the dendritic solidification of binary alloys. Constitutional and curvature undercoolings are considered to calculate the velocity of the solid/liquid interface. Crystallographic anisotropy of cubic metal is accounted for by an adapted implementation of the decentred square/octahedron growth technique developed by Gandin and Rappaz [I]. The model was also extended into three dimensions. Simulation results show that a range of stable values of lambda(1) exists for columnar dendrites at each growth velocity, depending on their nucleation/thermal history. The upper limit of the distribution of lambda(1) is about three times of the lower limit under conditions of constant temperature gradient and pulling velocity. The factor is reduced to two when the pulling velocity is perturbed about an average value.
Cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and electron-phonon coupling in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

A classical model for the lattice distortions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ is derived and, in a mean field approximation, solved. The model is based on previous work by Kanamori and involves localized Mn d electrons (which induce tetragonal distortions of the oxygen octahedra surrounding the Mn) and localized holes (which induce breathing distortions). Parameters are determined by fitting to the room temperature structure of ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$. The energy gained by formation of a local lattice distortion is found to be large, most likely \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.6 eV per site, implying a strong electorn-phonon coupling and supporting polaronic models of transport in the doped materials. The structural transition is shown to be of the order-disorder type; the rapid x dependence of the transition temperature is argued to occur because added holes produce a ``random'' field which misaligns the nearby sites.
Exploratory Study of Internet Banking Technology Adoption (2017)

Internet has brought significant impact on the way people conduct life in the present-day scenario. In this premise the Indian economy has experienced rapid growth over the last decade, developing Internet Banking Technology (IBT) for transforming the traditional lines of banking. This shift has brought profound challenges and opportunities to both bank and its customers. Customers have found in IBT a new ease to do the financial transaction. Review of these literatures indicates that there are not many studies on IBT Adoption in Indian scenario. The review shows that existing study on IBT adoption in Indian context has shown little evidence of an integrated model for IBT Adoption. This indicates that a comprehensive research in the area of IBT adoption under Indian context is very much limited. This research attempts to analyse existing technology adoption theories for formulating an integrated framework to investigate the factors of IBT adoption in India.
Inhibition of Plant Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase by the Herbicide Acifluorfen-Methyl (1989)

The effect of acifluorfen-methyl on tetrapyrrole synthesis in greening chloroplasts of Cucumis sativus was examined. Formation of Mg-proto-porphyrin IX from delta-aminolevulinate was reduced 98% by 10 micromolar acifluorfen-methyl. Conversion of protoporphyrin IX to Mg-protoporphyrin IX was unaffected, but protoporphyrin IX synthesis from delta-aminolevulinate was blocked, indicating a site of inhibition prior to the Mg-chelatase. The enzymic oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX was highly sensitive to acifluorfen-methyl, indicating that the site of action of the herbicide is the protoporphyrinogen oxidase. ((c) 1989 FMC Corporation. All rights reserved.).
An electrophoretic karyotype for<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (1987)

The three chromosomal DNAs of S. pombe have been fractionated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The resulting molecular karyotype will greatly speed gene mapping in this organism, and it indicates that the separation range of the technique extends to DNA molecules as large as 9,000,000 base pairs.
C1q binding and C1 activation by various isolated cellular membranes. (1983)

Cellular and subcellular membranes obtained from heart, liver, and brain tissue from human, baboon, bovine, rabbit, and rat bound highly purified, radioiodinated human C1q with a high affinity (Ka = 10(8) to 10(10) M-1). The majority of these membrane preparations were able to activate fully assembled C1 as evidenced by the conversion of 125I-C1s, incorporated into C1 complexes, to 125I-C1s. C1 activation by baboon heart mitochondrial membranes required an intact C1 complex and appeared to be mediated by the binding of the C1q subcomponent in that excess C1q completely blocked C1 activation. Several experiments suggested that the heart mitochondrial membrane binding site for C1q is an integral component of the mitochondrial membrane and that C1q interacted with the membrane binding site through its globular head regions. It is suggested that the binding of C1q and the activation of C1 by cellular and subcellular membranes may be involved in the initiation and/or enhancement of the inflammatory process after acute tissue damage.
Transparent and highly oriented ZnO films grown at low temperature by sputtering with a modified sputter gun (1981)

Transparent, pure c-oriented ZnO films have been deposited on various substrates utilizing a magnetron sputter gun. The design of the gun and of the sputtering system helps to keep the substrate surface free from charged particle bombardment and excessive heat by radiation. The substrate temperature can be maintained as low as 98 °C reducing the effects of thermal stress to a minimum. A comparison is made between the conventional planar magnetron system and the sputter gun. The design of the sputter gun has overcome some of the difficulties which have existed in standard planar magnetron sputtering. Sputtering parameters and results are discussed as well as the advantages of using a reactively sputtered zinc target over a zinc-oxide target.
Verification of computer users using keystroke dynamics (1997)

This paper presents techniques to verify the identity of computer users using the keystroke dynamics of computer user's login string as characteristic patterns using pattern recognition and neural network techniques. This work is a continuation of our previous work where only interkey times were used as features for identifying computer users. In this work we used the key hold times for classification and then compared the performance with the former interkey time-based technique. Then we use the combined interkey and hold times for the identification process. We applied several neural network and pattern recognition algorithms for verifying computer users as they type their password phrases. It was found that hold times are more effective than interkey times and the best identification performance was achieved by using both time measurements. An identification accuracy of 100% was achieved when the combined hold and intekey time-based approach were considered as features using the fuzzy ARTMAP, radial basis function networks (RBFN), and learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network paradigms. Other neural network and classical pattern algorithms such as backpropagation with a sigmoid transfer function (BP, Sigm), hybrid sum-of-products (HSOP), sum-of-products (SOP), potential function and Bayes' rule algorithms gave moderate performance.
Spraying deposit in soybean plants as influenced by application volume and the degree of inclination of centrifugal energy nozzles (2014)

Studying and developing new techniques and equipments to apply phytosanitary products is of fundamental importance to place the product with higher precision on the chosen target. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application volume and the degree of inclination of centrifugal energy nozzles in relation to the spray boom. The experiment was carried out during the crop year of 2012/13 in the UNESP of Jaboticabal Experimental Farm using the BRS Valiosa RR soybean cultivar. The experimental units were distributed in the field according to a completely random design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme. The factor levels resulted from the combination of application volume (35 and 50 L ha -1 ) and degree of inclination (60, 40, and 20° pointing to the region behind the spray boom and 20° pointing to the area in front of the sprayer) of the centrifugal energy nozzle plus an additional treatment in which a hydraulic energy nozzle model TT11002 delivered a spray volume of 150 L ha -1 . To evaluate the deposits of the sprayed product a manganese sulfate metallic marker was added to the product. Immediately following the product application, soybean leafs were separately collected from the upper and down parts of the plant in order to measure quantity of the applied salt. A change in the degree of inclination with which the centrifugal nozzle is positioned in relation to the spray boom favors the pulverization deposit although the results are dependent on the application volume. These alterations are insufficient to cause significant differences in mean deposits in comparison with those attained when applications were made with the hydraulic energy nozzle. The largest deposits resulted when the hydraulic energy nozzle delivered a volume of 150 L ha -1
Effects of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Kaolin-Based Particle Films on Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Its Entomopathogen Pandora neoaphidis (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) (2006)

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic kaolin-based particle films are effective for control of insect pests in certain agricultural crops. How these products interact with potential biological control agents is not well documented. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the hydrophobic (M96-018) and hydrophilic (Surround WP) kaolin-based particle films (Engelhard Corporation, Iselin, NJ) on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on peas (Pisum spp.), and on the fungal aphid pathogen Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière and Hennebert) Humber. Over two field seasons (2001 and 2002) in northern Idaho, applications of M96-018 significantly reduced the rate of pea aphid increase on pea, but Surround WP, tested only in 2001, did not reduce aphid population growth rate. Neither particle film treatment was as effective as a standard application of esfenvalerate (DuPont Asana). In the laboratory, particle films suppressed pea aphid populations by up to 30%. M96-018 seemed to have some repellent activity based on aphid distributions after treating plants. When applied along with P. neoaphidis conidia, M96-018 but not Surround WP caused higher percentage of infection mortality of pea aphids by P. neoaphidis than occurred on controls treated only with P. neoaphidis conidia. P. neoaphidis conidia deposited on glass slides coated with M96-018, produced more germ tubes and secondary conidia than those deposited on untreated glass slides or slides treated with Surround WP. This result suggests that greater infection of pea aphids on plants treated with M96-018 is in part a result of a direct enhancement of fungal germination by the particle film.
Photonic Crystals (2001)

Photonic crystals are the central theme of this issue of Advanced Materials. A glimpse of the diverse range of topics covered in the fourteen articles that comprise this special issue can be obtained by reading the essay by the guest editor Younan Xia on page 369.
High expression of wee1 is associated with malignancy in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients (2013)

Our results suggest that Wee1 may be involved in the progression of vulvar carcinomas. Based on our in vitro results, Wee1 is unlikely to function as a target for mono-treatment of these patients.
Electrooptic sampling of a packaged high-speed GaAs integrated circuit (1988)

The authors describe the use of electrooptic sampling to characterize the performance of a packaged 1.7-GHz GaAs planar integrated decision circuit. To study the packaged device, it was necessary for the optical probe beam to impinge on the circuit from the front (active) side. This geometry enabled effective evaluation of the circuit, in spite of reduced spatial resolution and voltage sensitivity compared to a backside probing geometry. Using a gain-switched InGaAsP laser source, waveforms have been measured in the D flip-flop within the circuit and propagation delays of about 25 ps in the input buffers. Apparent crosstalk has been measured when the probe is positioned between adjacent active circuit lines and it is found that this crosstalk depends sensitively on the position of the probe beam.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maintenance treatment with antidepressants in panic disorder. (1990)

Because panic disorder is a chronic illness, patients may require long-term pharmacologic treatment. Unfortunately, the benefits and risks of such therapy have received little study. At least two classes of antidepressants, the tricyclic antidepressants and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are effective for the treatment of panic disorder, but because relapse is common when these drugs are discontinued, many patients require maintenance treatment. However, such long-term use of tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors exposes patients to risks that include potentially fatal overdoses and hypertensive crises. Patients should be aware of the risks involved and should weigh them against the benefits of long-term use. They should reduce the dose to the lowest effective level, from time to time gradually taper medications to assess continuing need, and avail themselves of other therapies rather than rely solely on drug treatment. Above all, more research should be done on the long-term risks and benefits of antidepressant drugs.
Gallium alloy interconnects for flip-chip assembly applications (2002)

For miniature interconnection applications, innovative material systems based on gallium alloys offer potentially attractive alternatives over commonly used bonding materials, such as solders and conductive adhesives, without the reliability and environmental drawbacks. Gallium alloys are mechanically alloyed mixtures of a liquid metal and metallic powders, formed at room temperature which cure to form solid intermetallic interconnects. Through the course of this work, gallium alloys have been investigated for flip-chip interconnect applications. Specifically, this paper presents the results of a preliminary feasibility study demonstrating the applicability of gallium alloys as flip-chip on laminate interconnect materials. The topics covered include the test vehicle assembly process, reliability screening results, preliminary failure mode analysis, and interconnect microstructure analysis. To demonstrate preliminary feasibility and application, gallium alloyed with copper and nickel was used as micro-miniature interconnects between bare silicon chips and printed circuit boards. This initial study shows feasibility of such interconnects and the reliability tests demonstrate sufficient cyclic fatigue reliability in the presence of underfill material. Moreover, through the course of this work a new micro-dispensing technology for gallium alloys was developed which leverages existing industry infrastructure. This initial study represents a significant advancement in microelectronic interconnect materials unveiling the potential for an innovative lead-free interconnect alternative.