gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Database-assisted multi-AP network on TV white spaces: Architecture, spectrum allocation and AP discovery (2011)

According to the FCC's final rule for the unlicensed use of TV white spaces, secondary users are required to query a geo-location database to determine whether a spectrum band is occupied or not. However, how to design a multi-cell infrastructure-based secondary network to dynamically access TV white spaces with the help of database is still an open issue. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of WhiteNet, a multi-cell infrastructure-based dynamic spectrum access system on TV white spaces. WhiteNet is compatible with the FCC's database architecture. In WhiteNet, the geo-location database is exploited to assist multi-AP coordination. A low-overhead distributed spectrum allocation algorithm is proposed to allocate spectrum among multiple APs in WhiteNet, considering the heterogeneous propagation property among various spectrum bands throughout TV white spaces. A novel AP discovery scheme is designed to enable users to discover and select the best access point to connect. We implement WhiteNet in a 7-node GNU Radio testbed, which demonstrates the feasibility of our system. Evaluation results show that our spectrum allocation algorithm can significantly increase total network throughput, besides, the AP discovery scheme is reliable and efficient.
Heterogeneity Aware Power Abstraction for Hierarchical Power Analysis (2019)

In modern day FinFET-based microprocessors, dynamic power consumes ~80% of chip power under high utilization conditions. These microprocessors cater to a broad range of workloads, each with its own unique power signature. In addition to the heterogeneity across the workloads, there is notable heterogeneity in power consumption profile across the chip, including within IP blocks. With increasing focus on reducing the time to market, new methods for efficient generation of accurate power abstracts of IP blocks, while capturing the heterogeneous signatures, are key for enabling rapid hierarchical chip power analysis. We present approaches to generate per clock gating domain parameterized power abstracts and evaluate it on real industry class high performance microprocessor designs. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach when compared with direct gate level simulation based power estimation and existing IP power abstraction techniques.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress As a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Cardiovascular disease constitutes a major and increasing health burden in developed countries. Although treatments have progressed, the development of novel treatments for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a major research goal. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular organelle in which protein folding, calcium homeostasis, and lipid biosynthesis occur. Stimuli such as oxidative stress, ischemic insult, disturbances in calcium homeostasis, and enhanced expression of normal and/or folding-defective proteins lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, a condition referred to as ER stress. ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain ER homeostasis. The UPR involves a group of signal transduction pathways that ameliorate the accumulation of unfolded protein by increasing ER-resident chaperones, inhibiting protein translation and accelerating the degradation of unfolded proteins. The UPR is initially an adaptive response but, if unresolved, can lead to apoptotic cell death. Thus, the ER is now recognized as an important organelle in deciding cell life and death. There is compelling evidence that the adaptive and proapoptotic pathways of UPR play fundamental roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, ischemic heart diseases, and atherosclerosis. Thus, therapeutic interventions that target molecules of the UPR component and reduce ER stress will be promising strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding UPR signaling in cardiovascular disease and its related therapeutic potential. Future studies may clarify the most promising molecules to be investigated as targets for cardiovascular diseases.
Automatic detection of pathological myopia using variational level set (2009)

Pathological myopia, the seventh leading cause of legal blindness in United States, is a condition caused by pathological axial elongation and eyes that deviates from the normal distribution curve of axial length, resulting in impaired vision. Studies have shown that ocular risks associated with myopia should not be underestimated, and there is a public health need to prevent the onset or progression of myopia. Peripapillary atrophy (PPA) is one of the clinical indicators for pathological myopia. In this paper, we introduce a novel method, to detect pathological myopia via peripapaillary atrophy feature by means of variational level set. This method is a core algorithm of our system, PAMELA, an automated system for the detection of pathological myopia. The proposed method has been tested on 40 images from Singapore Cohort study Of the Risk factors for Myopia (SCORM), producing a 95% accuracy of correct assessment, and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9 and 1 respectively. The results highlight the potential of PAMELA as a possible clinical tool for objective mass screening of pathological myopia.
Novel crosslinked nonlinear optical materials based on cellulose diacetate (2006)

Abstract Preparation of second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials based on cellulose diacetate and melamine derivatives was attempted. The NLO chromophore DR19 was incorporated into the crosslinking network resulting from the reaction of cellulose diacetate with trimethylolmelamine or hexamethylolmelamine. The poled and cured NLO materials exhibited electrooptic coefficient ( r 13 ) values of 1.11 or 1.03 pm/V, respectively, at a laser wavelength of 1550 nm, a modulation frequency of 12.7 kHz. The r 13 values decreased to 80 or 81.5% of the initial values after 4 days. The laser transmission loss was 0.50 or 0.44 db. The crosslinking materials showed better temporal stability than that of host/guest type materials, and 73% of the initial r 13 value remained after keeping the NLO film at 100°C for 15 h. No evident weight loss was found below 250°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2832–2837, 2006
A New Class of Hypnotics. Unsaturated Carbinols.<sup>1</sup> Part I (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Class of Hypnotics. Unsaturated Carbinols.1 Part IDomenick Papa, Frank J. Villani, and Helen F. GinsbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 17, 4446–4450Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01646a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01646a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plant genetic manipulation for crop protection. (1992)

Promoting crop protection by genetic engineering and conventional plant breeding - a comparison, H.W. Woolhouse (Waite Institute, South Australia) current methodologies employed in plant transformation, J. Webb, P. Morris (IGAP, Welsh Plant Breeding Station) legislation and marketing of genetically engineered crops, R. Connett, P. Barfoot (Agricultural Genetics Co., Cambridge, UK) genetically engineered plants for herbicide resistance, P. Mullineaux (IPSR, Norwich, UK) genetic engineering of plants for fungal resistance, H.J. Newbury (University of Birmingham) engineering of insect resistance using Bt.t genes, M. Peferoen (Plant Genetic Systems, Belgium) genetic engineering of crops for insect resistance using genes of plant origin, A. Gatehouse, V. Hilder et al engineering of crops for viral resistance, M. Mayo, B. Reavy (Scottish Crops Research Institute) potential use of secondary metabolites in genetic engineering of crops for resistance, J.A. Pickett, et al (Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK).
Phenolic Compounds in Spanish Olive Oils (1999)

Phenolic compounds in Spanish virgin olive oils were characterized by HPLC. Simple phenols such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were found in most of the oils. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were also found in most of the oils. The dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol was also detected, as were oleuropein and ligstroside aglycons. The structure of a new compound was elucidated by MS and NMR as being that of 4-(acetoxyethyl)-1,2-dihydroxybenzene. Changes of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oils with maturation of fruits were also studied. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and luteolin increased their concentration in oils with maturation of fruits. On the contrary, glucoside aglycons diminished their concentration with maturation. No clear tendency was observed for the rest of the phenolic compounds identified.
Cardiovascular Flow Measurement with Phase-Contrast MR Imaging: Basic Facts and Implementation (2002)

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a well-known but undervalued method of obtaining quantitative information on blood flow. Applications of this technique in cardiovascular MR imaging are expanding. According to the sequences available, phase-contrast measurement can be performed in a breath hold or during normal respiration. Prospective as well as retrospective gating techniques can be used. Common errors in phase-contrast imaging include mismatched encoding velocity, deviation of the imaging plane, inadequate temporal resolution, inadequate spatial resolution, accelerated flow and spatial misregistration, and phase offset errors. Flow measurements are most precise if the imaging plane is perpendicular to the vessel of interest and flow encoding is set to through-plane flow. The sequence should be repeated at least once, with a high encoding velocity used initially. If peak velocity has to be estimated, flow measurement is repeated with an adapted encoding velocity. The overall error of a phase-contrast flow measurement comprises errors during prescription as well as errors that occur during image analysis of the flow data. With phase-contrast imaging, the overall error in flow measurement can be reduced to less than 10%, an acceptable level of error for routine clinical use.
Efficient Rate Control for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC Transcoding (2005)

A new video coding standard, H.264/AVC, has recently been standardized. It achieves its high coding efficiency by employing a number of advances in video coding technology. We propose an efficient rate control method for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding. Specifically, the values of quantization parameters for I and B frames are computed adaptively based on the side information from the precoded video. Simulations show that our proposed method can meet the target bitrate accurately and achieves a better performance than the rate control scheme of the reference software, H.264/AVC JM 7.4, without increasing the complexity.
Lesion-to-lesion independence of restenosis after treatment by conventional angioplasty, stenting, or directional atherectomy. Validation of lesion-based restenosis analysis. (1993)

Luminal encroachment appears to occur at independent rates among multiple lesions treated in a single patient. The observed incidence of restenosis for patients with multiple treated lesions is accurately predicted assuming independent probabilities of restenosis. Lesion-based analysis, even when including multiple treated lesions within the same patient, is thus valid for evaluating conventional angioplasty, stenting, or directional atherectomy.
Photonic crystals enable infrared gas sensors (2004)

Sensors of trace gases are of enormous importance to diverse fields such as environmental protection, household safety, homeland security, bio-hazardous material identification, meteorology and industrial environments. The gases of interest include CO for home environments, CO<sub>2</sub> for industrial and environment applications and toxic effluents such as SO2, CH4, NO for various manufacturing environments. We propose a new class of IR gas sensors, where the enabling technology is a spectrally tuned metallo-dielectric photonic crystal. Building both the emitting and sensing capabilities on to a single discrete element, Ion Optics’ infrared sensorchip brings together a new sensor paradigm to vital commercial applications. Our design exploits Si-based suspended micro-bridge structures fabricated using conventional photolithographic processes. Spectral tuning, control of bandwidth and direction of emission were accomplished by specially designed metallo-dielectric photonic crystal surfaces.
β-Cell Function, Incretin Effect, and Incretin Hormones in Obese Youth Along the Span of Glucose Tolerance From Normal to Prediabetes to Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Using the hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp, we demonstrated impaired β-cell function in obese youth with increasing dysglycemia. Herein we describe oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-modeled β-cell function and incretin effect in obese adolescents spanning the range of glucose tolerance. β-Cell function parameters were derived from established mathematical models yielding β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS), rate sensitivity, and insulin sensitivity in 255 obese adolescents (173 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 48 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and 34 with type 2 diabetes [T2D]). The incretin effect was calculated as the ratio of the OGTT-βCGS to the 2-h hyperglycemic clamp-βCGS. Incretin and glucagon concentrations were measured during the OGTT. Compared with NGT, βCGS was 30 and 65% lower in youth with IGT and T2D, respectively; rate sensitivity was 40% lower in T2D. Youth with IGT or T2D had 32 and 38% reduced incretin effect compared with NGT in the face of similar changes in GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in response to oral glucose. We conclude that glucose sensitivity deteriorates progressively in obese youth across the spectrum of glucose tolerance in association with impairment in incretin effect without reduction in GLP-1 or GIP, similar to that seen in adult dysglycemia.
Complement Fixation in Human Malaria I. Results Obtained with Various Antigens (1940)

Summary 1.We have not been able to demonstrate cutaneous or precipitative reactions specific for malaria. 2.Complement-fixation tests have yielded highly specific results in human malaria. A large number of antigens have been tried but the best results have been obtained from use of an antigen prepared from P. knowlesi parasites collected from laked red cells of highly parasitized monkeys. The parasites were washed free of hemoglobin, dried, and ground. When ready for use this material is rehydrated with saline solution, frozen and thawed. Antigens of P. vivax and P. malariae have been prepared in the same manner from human blood. 3.The malarial antigen is group- rather than species-specific since those of P. vivax, P. malariae or P. knowlesi give strong complement-fixation with sera from patients infected with any one of the 3 types of parasites. 4.We have not found that complement-fixation with malarial antigen is modified by pre-existing syphilis. 5.We have observed that Wassermann-negative patients may give a negative Wassermann reaction and a 4+ complement-fixation for malaria at a time when malarial parasites are easily demonstrated in blood-smears.
The attachment mechanism of epithelial cells to titanium in vitro (1981)

It has previously been difficult to examine the nature of the attachment between tissues and metal implants. To resolve this problem, a technique has been developed in which oral epithelial cells are grown on very thin films of titanium on epoxy resin. Discs of epon/araldite were formed by polymerizing the liquid resin in 60 mm tissue culture dishes. Discs were then placed in a vacuum deposition chamber and titanium wire vaporized onto the surface to a final thickness of about 300Å. Discs were cleaned in acetone and 70 % alcohol before being placed in plastic culture dishes and plated with epithelial cells cultured from porcine periodontal ligament in MEM plus 15 % calf serum and antibiotics for fourteen days. Cultures were fixed in situ in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde, post‐fixed in OsO 4 and epon/ araldite polymerized on the surface of the discs. Thin sections were cut perpendicular to the surface and examined in the electron microscope. Results show that the epithelial cells attach to the titanium surface by means of basal lamina and hemidesmosomes, in much the same manner in which the epithelial attachment is applied to the surface of a tooth.
Trimethylchlorosilane Treatment of Ultralow Dielectric Constant Material after Photoresist Removal Processing (2002)

The dielectric properties of organic-porous silica films deteriorate after photoresist removal processing. plasma ashing has been commonly used to remove photoresist. Nevertheless, the plasma will destroy the functional groups and induce moisture uptake in porous silica films. In this study, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) is used to repair the damage to porous silica caused by the plasma ashing process. The leakage current and dielectric constant will decrease significantly after the TMCS treatment is applied to damaged porous silica. These experimental results show that the TMCS treatment is a promising technique to repair the damage to porous silica during photoresist removal processing. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Chemistry of Fire Retardancy (1984)

Fire retardancy of wood involves a complex series of simultaneous chemical reactions, the products of which take part in subsequent reactions. Most fire retardants used for wood increase the dehydration reactions that occur during thermal degradation so that more char and fewer combustible volatiles are produced. The mechanism by which this happens depends on the particular fire retardant and the thermal-physical environment. This chapter presents a literature review of the investigations into the mechanisms, a discussion of test methods used for determining fire retardancy, the various formulations used to make wood fire retardant, and the research needs in the field of fire retardancy.
Cell heterogeneity in sickle cell disease: quantitation of the erythrocyte density profile. (1985)

An increasing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that intracellular hemoglobin concentration and composition is a primary determinant of pathophysiology in sickle cell disease. To quantitate more precisely the heterogeneous distribution of intracellular hemoglobin concentrations in a given individual with this disease, we have calibrated the phthalate ester separation technique by using discontinuous Stractan density gradients to isolate subpopulations of red cells of relatively uniform corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values. We find that blood from individuals with sickle cell anemia exhibits a markedly broader distribution of corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values, containing both very light and very dense cells, than the red cell density profile from normal individuals. This increased breadth of cell densities in patients with sickle cell anemia remains even after exclusion of the very light and very dense subpopulations. In patients with stable sickle cell anemia, there appears to be minimal variation in the distribution of cell densities that are unimodal but skewed toward higher density values. The phthalate ester method can conveniently be used to follow changes in cell densities during vaso-occlusive events, to monitor therapy targeted at modifying intracellular hemoglobin S concentrations, and in sequential applications in large field trials designed to determine the relationship between red cell heterogeneity and specific manifestations of the sickle cell syndromes.
Preparation of Barium Titanate/Polyimide Composite Film and its Dielectric Properties (2013)

Polyimide (PI) was chosen as the matrix of the composites, barium titanate/polyimide (BT/PI) nanocomposite films were prepared with in-situ polymerization. The morphology of the samples was obtained by SEM. The factors affecting the dielectric properties are discussed. When the mass fraction of BT is 70%, the dielectric constant will be 19.32, and loss 0.00254 (at 10 3 Hz). The optimal solvent content and ultrasonic time were 9.2 ml and 30 min respectively. TG analysis shows that the film is stable below 500°C. The AC breakdown strength were 42 MV·m -1 and 64 MV·m -1 for 70% BT/PI and 60% BT/PI respectively, and corresponding energy storage density were 0.17 J·cm -3 and 0.30 J·cm -3 respectively.
Three‐dimensionally resolved NAD(P)H cellular metabolic redox imaging of the <i>in situ</i> cornea with two‐photon excitation laser scanning microscopy (1995)

Three-dimensional maps of cellular metabolic oxidation/reduction states of rabbit cornea in situ were obtained by imaging the fluorescence of the naturally occurring reduced pyridine nucleotides (both reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, NADH, and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, denoted here as NAD(P)H). Autofluorescence images with submicrometre lateral resolution were obtained throughout the entire 400 microns thickness of the cornea. Two-photon excitation scanning laser microscopy with near-infrared excitation provided high fluorescence collection efficiency, reduced photodamage, and eliminated ultraviolet chromatic aberration, all of which have previously degraded the visualization of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence. Sharp autofluorescence images of the basal epithelium (40 microns within the cornea) show substantial subcellular detail, providing the ability to monitor autofluorescence intensity changes over time, which reflect changes in oxidative metabolism and cellular dynamics necessary for maintenance of the ocular surface. The autofluorescence was confirmed to be mostly of NAD(P)H origin by cyanide exposure, which increased the fluorescence from all cell types in the cornea by about a factor of two. Autofluorescence images of individual keratocytes in the stroma were observed only after cyanide treatment, while in the predominant extracellular collagen (> 90% of the stromal volume), fluorescence was not distinguished from the background. Observation of keratocyte metabolism demonstrates the sensitivity made available by two-photon microscopy for future redox fluorescence imaging of cellular metabolic states.