gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAVE6D: A Tool for Collaborative Immersive Visualization of Environmental Data (1998)

This “Late Breaking Hot Topic Paper” introduces and tracks the progress of OceanDIVER, a project to develop a tele-immersive collaboratory that integrates archived oceanographic data with simulation and real-time data gathered from autonomous underwater vehicles. Specifically this paper describes the work in building CAVE6D, a tool for collaboratively visualizing environmental data in CAVEs, ImmersaDesks and desktop workstations.
Report on Acetylsalicylic Acid (1923)

Journal Article Report on Acetylsalicylic Acid Get access A E Paul A E Paul Associate Referee U. S. Food and Drug Inspection Station, Cincinnati, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 7, Issue 1, 15 August 1923, Pages 10–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/7.1.10 Published: 10 March 2020
701. The mechanism of electrical conduction in fused phosphoric and trideuterophosphoric acids (1959)

N. N. Greenwood and A. Thompson, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 3485 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590003485
Phase Relations in the System Na <sub>2</sub> O‐TiO <sub>2</sub> ‐SiO <sub>2</sub> (1979)

Liǵuid us and subsolidus phase relations were studied using the quenching technique. The system contains four ternary compounds stable to liquidus temperatures: Na 2 TiSi 4 O 11 , Na 2 TiSi 2 O 7 , Na 2 TiSiO 5 , and Na 2 Ti 2 Si 2 O 9 . Six eutectics, eight peritecties, and eight thermal maxima were located and a region of liquid immiscibility was delineated. X‐ray powder data are given for the stable and metastable crystalline phases. Glass‐transition temperatures were determined by thermal analysis. The relation between physical properties of melts and glasses and the configuration of the liquidus is discussed.
Measurement of Gaussian beam divergence using the combined interaction with stationary and traveling phase gratings (1986)

Enhanced optical probing of surface acoustic waves (SAW) using stationary phase gratings in proximity to the SAW was found to be sensitive to the divergence of the probing laser beam. The sensitivity of the probing technique was seen to fall off as the separation between the stationary phase grating and the traveling SAW was increased. This gradual falloff was observed to increase as a function of the probing beam’s divergence. 1 This paper presents a theoretical analysis using generalized plane waves to include divergent Gaussian beams. The analysis shows the sensitivity of the technique to the probing beam divergence increases for higher frequency SAW. Experimental measurements using y -cut LiNbO 3 for z propagation were made for frequencies of 17.4 and 87.2 MHz corresponding to SAW wavelengths of 200 and 40 μ m, respectively. The results of these experiments are shown for both frequencies at several beam divergences. Comparison of the calculated intensities for the 0 and ±1 orders of diffraction to the experimental results confirms the essential features of the analysis of the TEM 00 mode of a He-Ne laser.
Evaluation and Management of the Infected Total Hip and Knee (2008)

Infection should be in the differentia for any painful total hip or knee. A thorough history and physical, complete set of radiographs and appropriate labs including C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are essential in the initial evaluation. Ancillary tests such as aspiration and nuclear imaging may be helpful in unclear cases or when labs are concerning for infection. It is essential that all antibiotics are discontinued several weeks prior to gram stain and culture, if possible, to reduce the number of false negative test results. Classifying infection into acute versus late infection aids in the treatment plan. For acute infections presenting within 2 to 4 weeks of symptom onset, irrigation and debridement with polyethylene liner exchange and retention of components may be possible. When attempting component retention, thorough debridement and rapid treatment of the infection prior to the accumulation of any biofilm is paramount for a successful outcome. Other important prognostic factors to consider include the virulence of the microorganism as well as the immune status of the host. Despite expeditious management, irrigation and debridement of acute total hip and knee infections frequently leads to recurrent infection. Thus, patients should be counseled accordingly. Further management may be needed following an initial attempt at component retention. These options include resection arthroplasty with or without re-implantation, long term antibiotic suppressive therapy, arthrodesis and even above the knee amputation in rare circumstances. For chronic infections, a successful outcome depends on several factors including the baseline health status of the patient, implant removal with a thorough debridement followed by culture specific antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, methods of monitoring for persistent infection include following laboratory values such as the C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and cultures from joint aspirations. Whether to perform a direct exchange versus a delayed revision arthroplasty for chronic total hip and knee infections can be debated. Several published series have reported successful outcomes with single stage procedures when patients are carefully selected. However, the majority of chronic infections in the United States are treated with two stage resection, since this method has consistently provided the highest cure rates, with many current studies demonstrating >90% success.
Observations sur le rythme de synostose des structrues craniennes de Pygmées de l'Ituri (1953)

ObserMtions sur le rythme de synostose des sutures craniennes de Pygmes de l'Ituri.Parmi les sept squelettes de Pygmes rapports de l'Ituri (Congo Belge) par l'un de nous (Dr Ad), six crnes prsentent une oblitration partielle des sutures craniennes.Ce sont les -----su-j<rt uvants n! L 7-,d',--!l-'.7-ansi-ll:t., 2 30-aos n"--""'""--30 ans; n u 3, d', 30-35 ans; n u 4, , 50-60 ans; n u 5, d', 60-O ans.Chez ces Pygmes, le garon de 17 ans a encore la suture sphno-basilaire parfaitement ouverte, la 3 molaire n'est pas encore sortie de l'alvole, tandis que la suture sagittale est dj compltement oblitre dans les trois quarts postrieurs.Cette synostose prcoce de la.suture sagittale semble tre, ici, l apana e du lot-qne ous t1tdions 1misq11e l'homme-de 28-30 ans a cette suture dj largement oblitre et que, chez les autres plus gs, l'oblitration est complte.A la suture coronale, la synostose peut dbuter, chez ces Pygmes, assez tt, avant 28 ans, et progresser irrgulirement.
Distributed control plane for high performance switchbased VXLAN overlays (2015)

In this paper, we describe a distributed network operating system that runs on merchant silicon based switches. Multiple switches can form a fabric for orchestration and state sharing purposes independent of the network topology. Each switch in a fabric shares its state with other switches over TCP/IP and keeps a global view of virtual ports along with topology to make individual switching, forwarding and encapsulation decisions. This allows the distributed switch OS to track Virtual Machines as they migrate and dynamically orchestrate VXLAN overlays without needing software overlays in servers. Since the Switch OS offloads encapsulation/decapsulation for VXLAN to the switch ASIC, there is no performance penalty.
Recent progress in understanding and manipulating haemoglobin switching for the haemoglobinopathies (2017)

The major β-haemoglobinopathies, sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia, represent the most common monogenic disorders worldwide and a steadily increasing global disease burden. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative therapy, is only applied to a small minority of patients. Common clinical management strategies act mainly downstream of the root causes of disease. The observation that elevated fetal haemoglobin expression ameliorates these disorders has motivated longstanding investigations into the mechanisms of haemoglobin switching. Landmark studies over the last decade have led to the identification of two potent transcriptional repressors of γ-globin, BCL11A and ZBTB7A. These regulators act with additional trans-acting epigenetic repressive complexes, lineage-defining factors and developmental programs to silence fetal haemoglobin by working on cis-acting sequences at the globin gene loci. Rapidly advancing genetic technology is enabling researchers to probe deeply the interplay between the molecular players required for γ-globin (HBG1/HBG2) silencing. Gene therapies may enable permanent cures with autologous modified haematopoietic stem cells that generate persistent fetal haemoglobin expression. Ultimately rational small molecule pharmacotherapies to reactivate HbF could extend benefits widely to patients.
Reduced heat resistance of mutant spores after cloning and mutagenesis of the Bacillus subtilis gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 5 (1986)

Part of the gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 5 from Bacillus subtilis 168 was cloned in Escherichia coli with a synthetic oligonucleotide as a hybridization probe. The gene was designated dacA by analogy with E. coli. The nucleotide sequence was determined, and the predicted molecular mass was 45,594 daltons (412 amino acids). A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with that of the E. coli penicillin-binding protein 5 indicated that these enzymes showed about 25% identity. The B. subtilis dacA gene was mutated by integration of a plasmid into the structural gene by homologous recombination. A comparison of the mutant and control strains revealed that (i) the mutant lacked detectable penicillin-binding protein 5, (ii) the D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity of membranes isolated from the mutant was only 5% of that measured in membranes from the control strain, (iii) the mutant cells showed apparently normal morphology only during exponential growth, and after the end of exponential phase the cells became progressively shorter, (iv) the mutant sporulated normally except that the forespore occupied about two-thirds of the mother cell cytoplasm and, during its development, migrated towards the center of the mother cell, and (v) purified mutant spores were 10-fold less heat resistant but possessed normal refractility and morphology. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that the structure of the cortex of the mutant was different.
Solid Phase Organic Synthesis of Piperazinone Containing Enkephalin Mimetics:  A Readily Derivatized, Traceless Scaffold (1999)

The solid phase synthesis of a series of piperazinone-derived Leu-enkephalin analogues is presented. The initial step in the synthesis involved the N-alkylation of Wang resin bound N-(4-tert-butyloxy-phenethyl)-glycine with D or L Boc-serine-beta-lactone (the Vederas lactone). The resulting carboxylic acid was then coupled to a variety of monosubstituted benzylamine derivatives using benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris(dimethyl-amino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (the BOP reagent) to yield a series of resin bound tertiary amides. Treatment with 5% H2O in TFA resulted in the facile cleavage, deprotection, and cyclization of this linear precursor to yield a series of piperazinones (compounds 1-8).
GaInNAs-GaAs long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (1998)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes with GaInNAs-GaAs quantum-well (QW) active layers are demonstrated for the first time. GaInNAs permits the realization of a long-wavelength vertical-cavity laser grown directly on a GaAs substrate. Room-temperature (RT) pulsed operation is achieved, with an active wavelength near 1.18 μm, threshold current density of 3.1 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , slope efficiency of /spl sim/0.04 W/A, and output power above 5 mW for 45-μm-diameter devices. Laser oscillation is observed for temperatures at high as 95/spl deg/C.
High-Q 3D RF solenoid inductors in glass (2014)

In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of various 3D solenoid inductors using a glass core substrate. Solenoid inductors were fabricated in glass by drilling through holes in glass and semi-additive copper plating for metallization. This topology is compared to similar solenoid structures in terms of Q-factor performance and inductance density. Inductances of 1.8-4.5nH with Q ~ 60 at 1GHz were demonstrated.
Recent advances in power electronics (2002)

The author describes recent advances in several key areas of power electronics technology, such as power semiconductor devices, power converter circuits, and control of power electronics. The structure and characteristics of IGBT, SIT, SITH, and MCT devices are reviewed. The principal converter types and their recent trends are described. A brief review of power integrated circuits is given. Features of microcomputer and VLSI control are described, and recent advances in microcomputers are highlighted. The principles of expert systems, fuzzy control systems, and neural networks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hoechst 33258 Staining for Detecting Mycoplasma Contamination in Cell Cultures: a Method for Reducing Fluorescence Photobleaching (1994)

DNA fluorochrome staining with Hoechst 33258 bisbenzimide is commonly used for detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures. Photobleaching of Hoechst 33258 is pronounced under the conditions of intense illumination, high magnification and resolution required for detection of mycoplasmas. To reduce photobleaching we investigated the effects of some antioxidant molecules, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), n-propyl gallate (NPG) and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane (DABCO), which are known to reduce the fading rate of fluorescein. Mycoplasma-contaminated cell monolayers were stained with Hoechst 33258 and mounted in glycerol containing different amounts of antioxidant additives. The cells were examined in an epifluorescence microscope, and the emitted light intensity was recorded. Results showed that PPD and, to a lower degree, NPG, retarded the photobleaching of Hoechst 33258-stained cells, whereas DABCO was not effective. However, fluorescence half-life was increased about three-fold by NPG and almost 20-fold by PPD. The rate of fluorescence fading of Hoechst 33258 can therefore be retarded by PPD, with obvious advantages for reading and photographic recording of results.
Clinical consequences of MRI activity in treated multiple sclerosis (2011)

Lack of MRI remission during treatment with interferon beta-1b or glatiramer acetate is associated with higher relapse rate and worsening of physical and cognitive function.
Mutations in GDF5 presenting as semidominant brachydactyly A1 (2010)

Brachydactyly A1 (BDA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by shortness of all middle phalanges of the hands and toes, shortness of the proximal phalanges of the first digit, and short stature. Missense mutations in the Indian Hedgehog gene (IHH) are known to cause BDA1, and a second locus has been mapped to chromosome 5p. In a consanguineous French Canadian kindred with BDA1, both IHH and the 5p locus were excluded. Microsatellites flanking GDF5 on chromosome 20q were found to cosegregate with the disease. Sequencing of the GDF5 coding region revealed that a mildly affected individual in the family was heterozygous, and that all of the severely affected individuals were homozygous for a novel missense c.1195C>T mutation that predicts a p.Arg399Cys substitution at a highly conserved amino acid. Functional analysis demonstrated that although the p.Arg399Cys mutant is able to stimulate chondrogenesis, it is much less effective than wild-type GDF5. This data confirms genetic heterogeneity in BDA1, demonstrates that mutations upstream of IHH can result in BDA1, and shows that BDA1 can result from semidominant mutations in GDF5.
Unique Biological Properties and Molecular Mechanism of 5,6-Bridged Quinolones (2003)

We have characterized an early series of 5,6-bridged dioxinoquinolones which behaved strikingly different from typical quinolones. The 5,6-bridged dioxinoquinolones inhibited Escherichia coli DNA gyrase supercoiling activity but, unlike typical quinolones, failed to stimulate gyrase-dependent cleavable complex formation. Analogous unsubstituted compounds stimulated cleavable complex formation but were considerably less potent than the corresponding 5,6-bridged compounds. Consistent with a previous report (M. Antoine et al., Chim. Ther. 7:434-443, 1972) and contrary to established quinolone SAR trends, a compound with an N-1 methyl substitution (PGE-8367769) was more potent than its analog with an N-1 ethyl substitution (PGE-6596491). PGE-8367769 was shown to antagonize ciprofloxacin-mediated cleavable complex formation in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an interaction with the gyrase-DNA complex that overlaps that of ciprofloxacin. Resistance to PGE-8367769 in E. coli was found to arise through missense mutations in gyrA, implicating DNA gyrase as the primary antibacterial target. Notably, only 1 of 15 distinct mutations selected on PGE-8367769 (D87G) has previously been implicated in quinolone resistance in E. coli. The remaining 14 mutations (E16V, G31V, R38L, G40A, Y50D, V70A, A84V, I89L, M135T, G173S, T180I, F217C, P218T, and F513C) have not been previously reported, and most were located outside of the traditional quinolone resistance-determining region. These novel GyrA mutations decreased sensitivity to 5,6-bridged dioxinoquinolones by four- to eightfold, whereas they did not confer resistance to other quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, or nalidixic acid. These results demonstrate that the 5,6-bridged quinolones act via a mechanism that is related to but qualitatively different from that of typical quinolones.
Homocysteine redox receptor and regulation of extracellular matrix components in vascular cells (1998)

Dynamic changes in the reduction-oxidation (redox) state of the tissue lead to the pathophysiological condition. Reduced homocysteine causes dysfunctions in endothelium. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells may lead to occlusive vascular disease, ischemia, and heart failure, but whether fibrosis and hypertension are a consequence of smooth muscle proliferation is unclear. Redox changes during hyper-homocyst(e)inemia may be one of the causes of premature atherosclerotic heart disease. To examine the effect of homocystine on human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC), we isolated HVSMC from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathic hearts. Coronaries in these hearts were apparently normal. HVSMC numbers in culture were measured by hemocytometer in the presence and absence of homocystine. Results show that homocystine induced cellular proliferation. This proliferation was reversed by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Homocystine induces collagen expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as measured by Northern blot (mRNA) analysis. The 50% inhibitory concentration of 5 microM for collagen was estimated. The induction of collagen was reversed by the addition of NAC and reduced glutathione. To localize the receptor for homocystine on HVSMC, we synthesized fluorescamine-labeled homocystine conjugate. Incubation of labeled homocystine with HVSMC demonstrated membrane and cytosol localization of homocystine binding. The receptor-ligand binding was disrupted by NAC. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fluorography, we observed a 40- to 25-kDa homocystine redox receptor in HVSMC. Our results suggested that the redox homocysteine induces HVSMC proliferation by binding to the redox receptor and may exacerbate atherosclerotic lesion formation by inducing collagen expression.
Real-time transmission of 3-D images formed by parallax panoramagrams (1978)

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the real-time transmission of 3-D images formed by parallax panoramagrams are described. At the image-taking station, a 3-D image is optically decomposed into line images, which can be directly handled by a high resolution TV set. By registering a lenticular sheet to the reproduced line images on a monitor screen, the reconstructed 3-D image is seen by the naked eye. By using an ordinary color TV set with a 350-line resolution and a cylindrical lens array with a 3-mm pitch, 3-D color images composed of thirty-five elements in the horizontal direction and seen from four directions are successfully transmitted and reconstructed with clear parallax.
Laninamivir and its Prodrug, CS-8958: Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Influenza (2010)

Oseltamivir and zanamivir are currently licensed worldwide for influenza treatment and chemoprophylaxis. Both drugs require twice-daily administration for 5 days for treatment. A new influenza drug, laninamivir (code name R-125489), and its prodrug form, CS-8958 (laninamivir octanoate or laninamivir prodrug), which are long-acting neuraminidase inhibitors, are introduced in this review. Laninamivir potently inhibited the neuraminidase activities of various influenza A and B viruses, including subtypes N1-N9, pandemic (2009) H1N1 virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. Because of the long retention of laninamivir in mouse lungs after an intranasal administration of CS-8958, therapeutic administration of a single dose of CS-8958 showed superior efficacy to repeated administrations of zanamivir or oseltamivir in animal infection models for influenza A and B viruses. These include pandemic (2009) H1N1 virus and HPAI H5N1 virus. Prophylactic single administration of CS-8958, as early as 7 days prior to infection, also showed superior efficacy. Finally, the potential of a single inhalation of CS-8958 for influenza patients was demonstrated by clinical studies, and CS-8958 has been approved and is commercially available as Inavir(®) (Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo) in Japan.
Low drive-power integrated acoustooptic filter on X-cut Y-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/ (1991)

The authors fabricated very low power integrated acoustically tunable optical filters using walkoff-compensated miniature interdigital transducers, coupled to narrow-width acoustic waveguides. Nearly 100% transverse electric-transverse magnetic (TE-TM) polarization conversion efficiency was achieved using only 8 mW of applied RF power in a 1550-nm filter of 1.8-nm optical bandwidth. A power handling capacity of almost 100 channels was demonstrated by driving these transducers with 760 mW of RF power. These devices suffer little performance degradation in terms of filter width and sidelobe spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of the SAR Pattern Within an Interstitial Microwave Array through Variation of Antenna Driving Phase (1986)

The interstitial microwave antenna-array hyperthermia (IMAAH) system produces a pattern of specific absorption rate (SAR) that is nonuniform within a 2-cm square array driven in phase at 915 MHz. Theory and experiment show that the point of phase coherence (maximum SAR) can be shifted to a point where the SAR is small by changing the antenna driving phases. Rapid shifting makes the time-average SAR more uniform in the direction perpendicular to the antennas. In 95 percent of the antenna junction plane, the time-average SAR is constant within 10 percent.