gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Decadal Ecosystem Changes in the Western Arabian Sea and the Occurrence of Algal Blooms (2019)

Gradual decadal changes have taken place in the Western Arabian Sea over the last 50 years. These changes have affected wind speeds, atmospheric and sea surface temperature, thermohaline stratification, shoaling of the oxycline, and dust/iron inputs. A decrease in nitrate supply of the photic layer have caused an increase in annual frequency of harmful algal blooms and fish kills. Along with that, a decrease in diatom biomass and a shift from red Noctiluca to green Noctiluca during the northeast monsoon was observed during the last two decades, Even though these are the same species they have very different nutritional modes. The red one is a heterotroph with a preference for grazing diatoms, while the green one has a symbiont and thus it is a mixotroph. Recent results suggest that this shift may be caused by the shoaling oxycline since the green one grows better under low oxygen because the symbiont produces oxygen for its host. The western Arabian Sea is temporally and spatially complex. With the recent advances in remote sensing of the ocean, a further understanding of these temporal and spatial changes can be gained through analyzing frequent images with opportunistic ground-truthing.
Evaluation of the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of avitriptan (1998)

Bioavailability of avitriptan was found to decrease significantly when administered 5 min after a standard high fat meal. The studies described herein were carried out to gain insight into the mechanism of this food effect. A series of studies were conducted in humans to assess the effect of timing of meal, type of meal, gastric pH, change in the formulation and dose on the bioavailability of avitriptan. Avitriptan was administered as a 50 mg capsule under fasted condition and at 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 h after a standard high fat meal. The reduction in avitriptan bioavailability persisted even at 4 h post high fat meal, although as the time interval between the meal and dose increased, the effect of meal tended to decrease. Bioavailability of avitriptan also decreased significantly when the drug was administered after a high protein and a high carbohydrate meal. Elevation in gastric pH caused by food was not found to be responsible for the food-related decrease in bioavailability of avitriptan since ranitidine pretreatment did not lead to a decrease in bioavailability. When administered as a 50 mg 14C-labeled solution after a standard high fat meal, bioavailability of avitriptan decreased although the decrease was less compared with that observed for a capsule dosage form. Plasma concentrations and cumulative urinary excretion of total radioactivity also decreased in the fed condition, indicating the absorption of avitriptan was affected. The decrease in avitriptan AUC was somewhat more pronounced than the decrease in the exposure to the total radioactivity suggesting a food-related increase in the first-pass metabolism of avitriptan. Effect of the standard high fat meal on avitriptan administered as a 150 mg capsule was similar to that observed at the 50 mg dose. Overall, the results indicate that bioavailability of avitriptan is significantly reduced irrespective of the type of meal, dose and dosage form and the effect persists for as long as 4 h post meal. Thus, it appears that avitriptan absorption and bioavailability are highly sensitive to presence of food in the stomach and any food-related changes in gastric emptying time and gastrointestinal motility. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status of photovoltaic power technology. (1968)

The status of photovoltaic power technology is reviewed primarily from the viewpoint of current and future applications of the technology to the exploration and utilization of space. The photovoltaic solar cell has been the electric power workhorse throughout the first decade of the space age. The technology has shown steady improvement in reliability, increased efficiency, reduced cost, increased power per unit of hardware weight and ability to withstand extremes of the space environment. New developments are underway to increase solar cell and array size, to reduce stowage volume during boosting into orbit and to improve resistance to space radiation and thermal cycling. Silicon cell electrical contacts and interconnections, low energy proton damage to small exposed cell areas and instability of CdS thin film solar cells are examples of problems receiving attention at this time. The ongoing development of large, 2500–3000 ft2 , solar cell arrays to power the planned Apollo Applications Telescope/Workshop Cluster demonstrates the growing confidence in the ability of photovoltaic power to handle space missions of the future. As photovoltaic technology advances and economic conditions change, the solar cell may well find large scale terrestrial markets.
Revisión del uso recreacional de la ketamina (2002)

El clorhidrato de ketamina (ketamina), fue aprobado en 1970 para su uso médico y veterinario. Sus propiedades la convierten en un fármaco seguro y eficaz, pero también produce efectos indeseables como ensoñaciones, ilusiones y alucinaciones. Para algunos, estas desventajas médicas fueron un aliciente para su uso extrahospitalario, demostrándose pronto su enorme potencial psiquedélico e instaurándose ya en los años 70 un uso psiconáutico entre reducidos círculos de consumidores experimentados en la utilización de varias drogas. Desde finales de los 80 y coincidiendo con la expansión de la cultura techno, las raves y las drogas de síntesis, la ketamina se introdujo en las fiestas de jóvenes que realizan un uso recreativo, consumiéndola en dosis medias o bajas, generalmente vía esnifada, y mezclándola muchas veces con otras sustancias como el éxtasis o la cocaína. Los principales riesgos asociados al consumo son su elevado potencial de adicción psicológica, la alta tolerancia que produce y la posibilidad de dar lugar a heridas y accidentes al ser consumida en un entorno inadecuado. Hoy en día, aún siendo una sustancia de uso minoritario, sigue expandiéndose lenta y pausadamente, por lo que sería aconsejable iniciar cuanto antes un abordaje preventivo e interventivo específico.
Isoalloxazine Ring of FAD Is Required for the Formation of the Core in the Hsp60-assisted Folding of Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Subunit into the Assembly Competent Conformation in Mitochondria (1995)

We studied the role of FAD in the intramitochondrial folding and assembly of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), a homotetrameric mitochondrial enzyme containing a molecule of non-covalently bound FAD/monomer. In the MCAD molecule, FAD is buried in a crevice containing the active center. We have previously shown that upon import into mitochondria, newly processed MCAD is first incorporated into a high molecular weight (hMr) complex and that the hMr complex mainly consisted of MCAD-heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) complex (Saijo, T., Welch, W.J., and Tanaka, K (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 4401-4408). In the present study, we incubated in vitro synthesized precursor MCAD with mitochondria isolated from normal and riboflavin-deficient rat liver for 10-60 min and fractionated the solubilized mitochondria using gel filtration. The amount of MCAD in the hMr complex was larger and that of tetramer was smaller in riboflavin-deficient mitochondria than in control at any time point. In addition, riboflavin-deficient mitochondria were solubilized after 10-min import in a buffer containing ATP and were chased in the presence of FAD, FMN, or NAD+ or without any addition. The mitochondrial proteins were analyzed using gel filtration or immunoprecipitated with anti-hsp60 antibody. After 60-min chase in the presence of FAD, the majority of MCAD in the complex with hsp60 was transferred to tetramer, whereas no such transfer occurred after the chase in the absence of FAD. When chase was done in the presence of FMN, a significant amount of MCAD was transferred from the complex with hsp60 to tetramer, but the transfer was not as efficient as in the presence of FAD. The chase in the presence of NAD+ resulted in no transfer. These data suggest that isoalloxazine ring of FAD plays a critical role, exerting nucleating effect, in the hsp60-assisted folding of MCAD subunit into an assembly competent conformation, probably assisting the formation of the core.
LibGuides: Environmental Sciences: Home (2017)

Guide to environmental science information resources including indexes and databases for find peer reviewed journal articles. This guide also includes dictionaries, directories, and handbooks and manuals.
Computers and Visual Art (1971)

Computer graphic art is a logical outcome of graphic art produced by simpler machines and by calculation. Up to now digital and analog computers have been used that were originally designed for scientific and technical purposes, and they are adequate for the artistic task but their output still proves to be a bottleneck. A further difficulty arises from the fact that aesthetic theories suitable as a base for computer art are still in their infancy. The use of computers means breaking with some art traditions but, on the other hand, it may well lead to a breakthrough in art and a better, rational understanding of artistic phenomena.
	 L’art graphique par calculatrices est une consequence logique de l’art graphique obtenu avec des machines plus simples ou par le calcul. On a utilise des ordinateurs et des calculateurs analogiques initialement destines a un usage scientifique ou technique; or, s’ils conviennent a cette tâche artistique, leur rendement est encore un blocage. Une autre difficulte se presente du fait que les theories esthetiques qui pourraient servir de base a l’art par calculatrices sont encore balbutiantes. L’usage de calculatrices signifie une rupture par rapport a certaines traditions artistiques mais d’autre part, il se peut que cela amene une percee nouvelle dans le domaine de l’art et une meilleure comprehension rationnelle des phenomenes artistiques.
The AD-AS Model with the Shadow Economy (2018)

This theoretical paper includes the shadow economy in the popular AD-AS model and derives the main economic results for both the short-run and the long-run. This accounts for the presence of the shadow economy in countries around the world, as well its persistence over time. Precisely, if the shadow economy is capable of absorbing unemployment, then in the short-run there will be a supply-side positive shock on output (the “shadow shock”). The “shadow shock” is, however, temporary; in the long-run the effect of the shadow economy on potential output is negative.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer in Multi‐Modular Donor–Acceptor Conjugates (2012)

New multi-modular donor-acceptor conjugates featuring zinc porphyrin (ZnP), catechol-chelated boron dipyrrin (BDP), triphenylamine (TPA) and fullerene (C(60)), or naphthalenediimide (NDI) have been newly designed and synthesized as photosynthetic antenna and reaction-center mimics. The X-ray structure of triphenylamine-BDP is also reported. The wide-band capturing polyad revealed ultrafast energy-transfer (k(ENT) =1.0 × 10(12) s(-1)) from the singlet excited BDP to the covalently linked ZnP owing to close proximity and favorable orientation of the entities. Introducing either fullerene or naphthalenediimide electron acceptors to the TPA-BDP-ZnP triad through metal-ligand axial coordination resulted in electron donor-acceptor polyads whose structures were revealed by spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies. Excitation of the electron donor, zinc porphyrin resulted in rapid electron-transfer to coordinated fullerene or naphthalenediimide yielding charge separated ion-pair species. The measured electron transfer rate constants from femtosecond transient spectral technique in non-polar toluene were in the range of 5.0 × 10(9)-3.5 × 10(10) s(-1). Stabilization of the charge-separated state in these multi-modular donor-acceptor polyads is also observed to certain level.
Inhibition of lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by phorbol ester. (1989)

As previously reported, the culture of mouse spleen cells in the presence of high amounts of human rIL-2 for 4 days caused proliferation and generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, which could lyse a variety of tumor cells. However, an addition of PMA to the culture resulted in a striking inhibition of the generation of LAK cells. In contrast, IL-2-induced cell proliferation, IL-2R expression, and LFA-1 expression were enhanced by the addition of PMA. Kinetic studies revealed that the addition of PMA during the final 24 h, but not 4 h, of the culture was sufficient to inhibit the generation of LAK cells. The same inhibition of LAK activity was observed when 4-day cultured LAK cells were pretreated with PMA for over 12 h before cytotoxicity assay. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PMA pretreatment had no effect on the binding of LAK cells to target cells. PMA pretreatment of LAK cells caused total disappearance of protein kinase C (PKC) activity from LAK cells concomitant with the loss of LAK activity. However, PMA-pretreated LAK cells cultured for another 24 h in the absence of PMA revealed levels of PKC activity and cytotoxicity identical with untreated LAK cells. These results strongly suggest that PMA-induced down-regulation of LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is due to the inactivation of PKC-dependent transduction systems that are essential post LAK cell-target cell binding.
Comments on "Leading-One Prediction with Concurrent Position Correction" (2009)

In this report, we first point out and analyse an error in the implementation of the pre-encoding logic in the LOP module proposed in [1], and then present a modification method.
Oxidation of oleic acid at air/liquid interfaces (2007)

Oxidation of oleic acid monolayers by ozone was studied to understand the fate of fat‐coated aerosols from both freshwater and saltwater sources. Oleic acid monolayers at the air/water interface and at the air/sodium chloride solution interface were investigated using surface‐specific, broad‐bandwidth, sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Complementary techniques of infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy and surface pressure measurements taken during monolayer oxidation confirmed the sum frequency results. Using this nonlinear optical technique coupled with a Langmuir trough, concurrent spectroscopic and thermodynamic data were collected to obtain a molecular picture of the monolayers. No substantial difference was observed between oxidation of monolayers spread on water and on 0.6 M sodium chloride solutions. Results indicate that depending on the size of the aerosol and the extent of oxidation, the subsequent oxidation products may not remain at the surface of these films, but instead be dissolved in the aqueous subphase of the aerosol particle. Results also indicate that oxidation of oleic acid could produce monolayers containing species that have no oxidized acyl chains.
Further development of silk sericin as a biomaterial: comparative investigation of the procedures for its isolation from Bombyx mori silk cocoons (2016)

There is significant research dedicated to fibroin and sericin, the two major proteinaceous components of the silk threads produced by the domesticated silkworm, <i>Bombyx mori</i>. While fibroin is accepted as an established biomaterial, sericin (BMSS) has been largely neglected in this respect on the account of a hypothetical allergenic activity. Research over the past decade, including our previous study (Prog Biomater 2:14, 2013), demonstrated the biocompatibility of sericin and feasibility of its use as a biomaterial. However, the current procedures for isolating BMSS from the raw silk cocoons can only provide degraded proteins, where the size and distribution of their molecular masses are significantly altered. Based on the plausible assumption that such effects can have a negative impact on the properties of sericin as a biomaterial, in this study we investigated comparatively four different extraction procedures in order to find the method that would cause the least hydrothermal degradation of BMSS. The products resulting from commonly used procedures (extraction in boiling water, alkaline extraction, and extraction in autoclave) were compared to those resulting from aqueous extraction in mild conditions as described a long time ago by Anderlini. The molecular mass distribution in BMSS resulting from each procedure was examined by electrophoretic analysis performed on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE), while the conformational changes pertaining to secondary structure of BMSS were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectrometry. The electrophoretograms indicated that the aqueous extraction in mild conditions conducted at 50 °C for durations up to 4 weeks, with/without stirring, afforded the least degraded BMSS. The infrared spectrometric analysis showed that BMSS resulting from the mild extraction method contained predominantly β-sheet conformations, while the more degradative methods (alkaline, autoclave) led to BMSS where the random-coil conformations were preferential. The long-duration aqueous extraction at 50 °C (but not at 60 °C) appeared as a valid option for obtaining BMSS products where the hydrothermally induced fragmentation of the polypeptidic components is minimized.
Theory and design of the liquid crystal TV as an optical spatial phase modulator (1990)

An expression is derived for the complex amplitude transmittance of the liquid crystal TV (LCTV) and verified experimentally. It is shown that spatial phase modulation is realizable with good linearity, high transmission efficiency, and small intensity distortion. Although the commercial LCTV does not provide a sufficiently large dynamic range for continuous phase modulation, a dynamic range of 2'rr can be obtained by making appropriate changes in the design.
Antibacterial potential of contemporary dental luting cements. (2008)

The aims of this investigation were to evaluate the antibacterial activities of different types of dental luting cements and to compare antibacterial action during and after setting. Agar diffusion testing was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of seven types of dental luting cements (glass ionomer cements (GICs), resin modified GICs, resin composite, zinc oxide eugenol, zinc oxide non-eugenol, zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate cements) on Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Instantly mixed zinc phosphate cements showed the strongest antibacterial activity in contrast to the non-eugenol, eugenol and resin cements that did not show any antibacterial effects. Non-hardened glass ionomer, resin modified and zinc polycarboxylate cements exhibited moderate antibacterial action. Hardened cements showed weaker antibacterial activities, than those ones applied right after mixing.
A vascular cell-restricted RhoGAP, p73RhoGAP, is a key regulator of angiogenesis (2004)

Angiogenesis is a major therapeutic target. Ideal drug targets are genes expressed only in endothelial cells (ECs) or only during the angiogenic process. Here, we describe a gene, p73RhoGAP (p73), that has both of these properties. By using a PCR-based subtraction-hybridization approach to clone cDNAs from ECs undergoing capillary-tube formation, we identified a RhoGAP member, p73. p73 displays GTPase activity to Rho but not to Rac or Cdc42. Knockdown of p73 protein, achieved by adenovirus delivery of p73 antisense and by small interfering RNA into ECs, demonstrated the importance of this protein in EC function. Under such conditions, EC migration, proliferation, and capillary-tube formation were inhibited. Furthermore, angiogenesis in vivo was also inhibited by antisense p73. A mutant R82A alteration achieved a similar phenotype in vitro to the antisense, demonstrating the importance of the GTPase-activating protein activity to p73 function. Expression profiling of p73 shows that it is vascular cell-selective, being highly expressed in ECs and smooth-muscle cells but not in other cell types. Finally, we show that the mRNA of p73 is up-regulated in an angiogenic milieu with little or no regulation seen under nonangiogenic conditions. p73, a vascular cell-specific GTPase-activating protein, is an important modulator of angiogenesis and displays many of features that make it worthy of being a drug target.
Ultrasound Driven Assembly of Lignin into Microcapsules for Storage and Delivery of Hydrophobic Molecules (2014)

Oil-filled microcapsules of kraft lignin were synthesized by first creating an oil in water emulsion followed by a high-intensity, ultrasound-assisted cross-linking of lignin at the water/oil interface. The rationale behind our approach is based on promoting documented lignin hydrophobic interactions within the oil phase, followed by locking the resulting spherical microsystems by covalent cross-linking using a high intensity ultrasound treatment. As further evidence in support of our rationale, confocal and optical microscopies demonstrated the uniformly spherical morphology of the created lignin microparticles. The detailed elucidation of the cross-linking processes was carried out using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and quantitative (31)P NMR analyses. The ability of lignin microcapsules to incorporate and release Coumarin-6 was evaluated in detail. In vitro studies and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis were carried out to assess the internalization of capsules into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This part of our work demonstrated that the lignin microcapsules are not cytotoxic and readily incorporated in the CHO cells.
Controlled electrophoretic deposition of bacteria to surfaces for the design of biofilms (2000)

In this report, the formation of ordered clusters of both spherical and rod-shaped bacteria on an electrode during electrophoretic deposition is described. Inside clusters, adhering bacteria are regularly spaced with an interbacterial distance that can be controlled by adjusting the ionic strength of the suspending solution and the DC density used. Formed clusters can be immobilized on the surface by applying a sufficiently high current density. This method enables the design of bacterial biofilms for biotechnological and biomedical applications. When AC fields were used, rod-shaped bacteria adhering on the electrode were seen to align parallel to the applied field.
Vibrational Properties of Calcium Phosphate Compounds. 2. Comparison between Hydroxyapatite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate (1997)

A comparison between Raman spectra of polycrystalline Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and β-Ca3(PO4)2 is reported. Both compounds exhibit similar Raman spectra, which are dominated by the internal modes of the PO43- tetrahedra. However, several characteristic features of the Raman spectra allow us to establish a distinction between these two calcium phosphates. Besides the presence of peaks associated with vibrations of the OH- group in the Raman spectrum of hydroxyapatite, which are highly sensitive to sample crystallinity, other characteristic features such as the width of the PO43- internal bands can be used to distinguish between hydroxyapatite and β-Ca3(PO4)2.