gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elektronenstrahlbehandlung von PVD‐Hartstoffschichten (2003)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung der Wirkung einer Elektronenstrahlbehandlung auf die Struktur und die Eigenschaften hartstoffbeschichteter Stähle wurden Schichten des Typs CrN x , (Ti, Cr)N, (Ti, Al)N, Ti(C, N) und Ti(B, N) auf dem vergüteten Stahl C45 abgeschieden. Die Untersuchung des thermischen Verhaltens der Hartstoffschichten erfolgte durch einen gezielt variierten Energieeintrag und Einfrieren der Gefügeänderungen durch eine Selbstabschreckung. Eine parallel zur Schichtbehandlung auftretende unterschiedliche Härtung der Randschicht des Substrates bewirkte eine differenzierte Abstützung der Hartstoffschicht. Die thermische Stabilität der Hartstoffschichten unterscheidet sich beträchtlich. Die Oberflächenhärte, die Schichthaftung und die Verschleißbeständigkeit des Substrat‐Schicht‐Verbundes wurden in Abhängigkeit vom Energieeintrag erhöht. Die Anwendung von Elektronenstrahltechnologien ermöglicht auf diese Weise die Erzeugung von Stützschichten, die lokal die Beanspruchbarkeit hartstoffbeschichteter Stähle verbessern.
Fast electrically assisted regeneration of on-chip SERS substrates (2015)

A microfluidic chip approach utilising integrated electrically connected stationary SERS targets based on inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles is presented. It enables multiple interference-free consecutive surface-enhanced Raman measurements inside chip channels by electrically assisted regeneration of the stationary SERS substrate. Thereby it circumvents common adsorption and memory effect problems associated with stationary SERS targets allowing multiple consecutive measurements in a continuous-flow system.
Automatic Web Page Classification by Combining Feature Selection Techniques and Lazy Learners (2007)

Increasing with the number of users, the need for automatic classification techniques with good classification accuracy increases as search engines depend on previously classified web pages stored as classified directories to retrieve the relevant results. Machine learning techniques for automatic classification gains more interest as the classifier improves its performance with experience. In this paper we show that lazy learners are capable of solving the web page classification problem. Our experimental results show that lazy learners classify the web page with acceptable accuracy using optimum number of attributes and LBR classifies more accurately than LWL classifiers.
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Human Cornea in the Assessment of Peripheral Neuropathy and Systemic Diseases (2015)

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the living human cornea offers the ability to perform repeated imaging without tissue damage. Studies using corneal IVCM have led to significant contributions to scientific and clinical knowledge of the living cornea in health and pathological states. Recently the application of corneal IVCM beyond ophthalmology to wider clinical and research fields has been demonstrated. Abnormalities of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus have been associated with many forms of peripheral neuropathy and Langerhans cells correlate with systemic inflammatory states. There is a rapidly growing evidence base investigating the use of corneal IVCM in many systemic conditions and a well-established evidence base for IVCM imaging of the corneal subbasal plexus in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This paper reviews the potential use of corneal IVCM in general clinical practice as a noninvasive method of assessing peripheral neuropathies, monitoring inflammatory states and clinical therapeutic response.
Rhesus monkey model for <i>Leishmania major</i> transmitted by <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> sandfly bites (2001)

Leishmaniasis research needs a near-human model for investigations of natural infection processes, immunological responses and evaluation of treatments. Therefore, we developed a reproducible system using Leishmania major Yakimoff & Schokhor (Trypanosomatidae: Kinetoplastida), the cause of Old World zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), transmitted to rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta (Zimmerman) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) by sandfly bites of experimentally infected Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae). Eight monkeys of presumed Indian origin (Leishmania naive) were exposed to bites of female sandflies that had been infected with L. major by membrane-feeding on human blood seeded with amastigotes isolated from hamster footpad lesions. Infection rates of membrane-fed sandflies averaged > 85% seven days after the infective feed, with uniformly high numbers of promastigotes in the stomodaeal valve region of the sandfly gut. Nodules and ulcerating dermal lesions developed on 7/8 monkeys 2-4 weeks post-bite and persisted for 3-7 months. Monkeys also developed satellite lesions beyond the area of sandfly bites on the head, but not on the chest. Three re-challenged monkeys developed lesions that healed faster than lesions from their primary challenges. After infection, monkeys developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to a panel of Leishmania skin test antigens (LSTA) and, when tested by ELISA and IFA, showed significant post-infection antibody titres which typically rose for approximately 170 days and then gradually receded during the next 100 days following the first challenge. After the second challenge, antibody titres spiked higher within approximately 50 days and receded more rapidly. In contrast, four rhesus macaques of Chinese origin developed no lesions following infected sandfly bites, although they raised antibodies and LSTA reactions, indicating subclinical infection.
Construction of 3-D arterial volume meshes from magnetic resonance angiography (1996)

Finite element methods are well-suited for solving problems in arterial fluid dynamics, primarily due to their ability to handle flows in complex geometries. However, in order to use these computational methods to develop realistic models of pulsatile flow in intracranial arteries and associated aneurysms, it is necessary to construct a 3-D mesh, or grid, that accurately duplicates the arterial geometry of interest. In this paper, we present an efficient method to accurately develop realistic 3-D computational meshes of human intracranial arteries and aneurysms from serial magnetic resonance angiography images. However, these techniques may be applied to any other form of imaging data including computed tomographic angiography. First, raw grayscale images are segmented, converted to their binary form and arterial contours are extracted at each image slice. Next, the arterial contours are stacked and cubic splines are computed along the axial direction. This creates an affect similar to smooth integration in the axial direction and provides a set of points that define the 3-D arterial surface geometry. Then, surface patches are constructed and merged. A surface mesh is then computed with the ability to locally vary the mesh density as desired. Finally, nodal points on the surface mesh are used to compute the finite element volume mesh. The 3-D volume mesh accurately describes the arterial geometry and is used to develop patient-specific computational fluid dynamic models of flow phenomena in intracranial arteries and aneurysms. These flow models are then suitable for investigating the hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysm formation and test the end-effects of various medical and surgical treatments.
Contribution of polychromatic illumination to optical proximity effects in the context of deep-UV lithography (2002)

In this paper, various optical proximity effects are evaluated as a function of spectral properties of excimer laser illumination. Sensitivity of linewidth biasing and line-end pullback to spectral bandwidth and its variations is investigated using computer simulations based on PROLITH software. Studies are performed for isolated and dense lines ranging in size from 150nm to 130nm using projection lens numerical aperture of 0.7 and KrF illumination. Results show that a non-linear, through-pitch critical dimension sensitivity to laser bandwidth variation introduces additional feature biasing, which can not be compensated with optical proximity correction techniques, and can result in an additional shift of the iso-dense bias. Also, line-end pullback of isolated lines exhibits a non-linear response to bandwidth resulting in up to 7nm of pullback per 0.1pm of bandwidth change.
A 1.8 V 14 b 10 MS/s pipelined ADC in 0.18 μm CMOS with 99 dB SFDR (2004)

A 1.8 V, 14 b pipelined ADC using passive capacitor error-averaging and nested CMOS gain boosting achieves 99 dB SFDR for signal frequencies up to 5.1 MHz without trimming or calibration. With a 1 MHz analog input, DNL is 0.31 LSB, INL is 0.58 LSB, and SNDR is 73.6 dB. The chip occupies 15 mm/sup 2/ in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS and dissipates 112 mW.
Enforcing authorization policies using transactional memory introspection (2008)

Correct enforcement of authorization policies is a difficult task, especially for multi-threaded software. Even in carefully-reviewed code, unauthorized access may be possible in subtle corner cases. We introduce Transactional Memory Introspection (TMI), a novel reference monitor architecture that builds on Software Transactional Memory--a new, attractive alternative for writing correct, multi-threaded software.
A Useful Colony Colour Phenotype Associated with the Yeast Selectable/Counter‐Selectable Marker MET15 (1996)

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bearing null alleles of the met15 gene are methionine auxotrophs and become darkly pigmented in the presence of Pb2+ ions (Ono et al. (1991). Appl. Env. Microbiol. 57, 3183–3186). We describe the cloning of a useful fragment of the MET15 locus which complements both the methionine requirement and the colony colour phenotype. This colony colour phenotype is very useful for genetic screens and may be applicable for use in other yeast species. The combination of the size of MET15, along with its counter-selectability and the colour of met15 mutations make this perhaps the most versatile yeast genetic marker.
Methionine 35 Oxidation Reduces Fibril Assembly of the Amyloid Aβ-(1–42) Peptide of Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

The major component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is Abeta, a small peptide that has high propensity to assemble as aggregated beta-sheet structures. Using three well established techniques for studying amyloid structure, namely circular dichroism, thioflavin-T fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that oxidation of the Met-35 side chain to a methionine sulfoxide (Met-35(ox)) significantly hinders the rate of fibril formation for the 42-residue Abeta-(1-42) at physiological pH. Met-35(ox) also alters the characteristic Abeta fibril morphology and prevents formation of the protofibril, which is a key intermediate in beta-amyloidosis and the associated neurotoxicity. The implications of these results for the biological function and role of Abeta with oxidative stress in AD are discussed.
High Circulating CD34 Cells, Dacrocytes, Clonal Hematopoiesis, and JAK 2 Mutation Differentiate Secondary Myelofibrosis Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension from Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia. (2005)

Abstract Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized by splenomegaly and myelofibrosis. Like all myeloproliferative disorders, it is due to an acquired somatic mutation of a hematopoietic progenitor resulting in clonal erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. A single acquired point mutation of JAK2 1849G&gt;T (V617F), a tyrosine kinase with a key role in signal transduction from growth factor receptors, occurs in 50%–97% of patients with MMM, essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). We studied 25 myelofibrosis patients with myeloid metaplasia and myelofibrosis complicating PV or ET. These were compared to 19 patients with secondary myelofibrosis of equivalent severity associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) treated by epoprostenol. In these two groups we compared peripheral blood CD34 counts, clonality of granulocytes and platelets in peripheral blood, mutational status of JAK 2 kinase gene, and morphology of peripheral blood and bone marrow. Heterozygosity for JAK 2 1849G&gt;T somatic mutation was seen in 17 of 23 (74%) patients with MMM including 10 of 15 patients (67%) with idiopathic myelofibrosis and 7 of 8 patients (88%) with myelofibrosis complicating PV or ET, but was absent in all 19 patients with myelofibrosis associated with PH (P&lt;0.0001, Fisher exact test 2 tailed). The number of peripheral blood CD 34 cells was significantly higher in patients with MMM compared to patients with secondary myelofibrosis associated with PH; 1.1% (95% CI, 0.58%–1.64%) in patients with MMM versus 0.08% (95% CI, 0.04%–0.12%) in patients with PH, or 0.05% (95% CI, 0.03%–0.06%) in normal healthy controls (P&lt;0.01). Further, patients with PH lacked dacrocytes, erythroid precursors, or myeloid precursors (leukoerythroblastic picture) on examination of the blood smear. Clonal hematopoiesis was found only in those women with marrow fibrosis due to MMM, PV and ET and not in patients with secondary marrow fibrosis (P &lt; 0.0001). We conclude that a high circulating CD34 count, clonal platelets and granulocytes, presence of dacrocytes, and JAK2 1849G&gt;T (V617F) mutation of clonal progenitors are the intrinsic features present in patients with myelofibrosis due to myeloproliferative disorders and that these features are not due to the abnormal marrow architecture that is seen in secondary myelofibrosis.
Endocytosis of glycophospholipid-anchored and transmembrane forms of CD4 by different endocytic pathways. (1992)

A glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored form of the CD4 receptor was constructed by fusing the extracellular domain of CD4 to the COOH-terminus of decay accelerating factor (DAF), containing a signal for GPI-anchor attachment. The internalization of GPI-linked CD4 (CD4DAF) was compared to that of transmembrane CD4 using both [125I]gp120 and anti-CD4 antibodies. We show that transmembrane CD4 is rapidly endocytosed in transfected CHO cells, while CD4DAF is internalized at a rate approximately 3-fold slower. Immunoelectron microscopy suggests that whereas transmembrane CD4 is endocytosed via clathrin-coated vesicles, CD4DAF enters cells by an alternative pathway involving non-coated microinvaginations of the plasma membrane. Following internalization CD4DAF recycles through a primaquine-insensitive compartment, whereas the recycling of transmembrane CD4 is inhibited by primaquine, suggesting that the two receptors may recycle from distinct populations of early endosomes. Colocalization of both CD4DAF and CD4 with an antibody against a lysosomal membrane protein suggests that the two endocytic pathways may converge.
Obese-derived ASCs show impaired migration and angiogenesis properties (2013)

Efficient delivery of stem cells to target tissues is a major problem in regenerative medicine. Adipose derived stem cells have been proposed as important tools in cell therapy for recovering tissues after damage. Nevertheless, the ability of these ASCs to migrate or invade in order to reach the tissue of interest has not been tested so far. In this study we present evidence that the ASCs derived from obese subjects present a detrimental ability to migrate and invade in comparison with ASCs derived from control subjects. Besides, obese-derived ASCs are unable to respond to certain stimuli and to form enough capillaries after stimulation. We propose that the use of specific cytokines could overcome these deficiencies of the obese environment, offering a tool to optimize cell therapy.
Detection and prediction of a stochastic process having multiple hypotheses (1971)

A system is proposed which combines hypothesis testing and prediction to estimate the future value of a stochastic process whose statistics are known only to belong to some finite set of possible hypotheses. Bayes optimization of the individual components is performed and system performance is discussed for a modified version of the usual mean-squared error predictor cost functions. An example is given illustrating various features of the system's performance for a specific choice of input hypotheses.
Person Identification Using Top-View Image with Depth Information (2013)

In this paper, the authors describe a novel image-based person identification task. Traditional face-based person identification methods have a low tolerance for occluded situation, such as overlapping of people in an image. The authors focus on an image from an overhead camera. The authors utilize depth information for the identification task. By using depth information, the authors can capture the precise person’s area and rich information for the identification task as compared with popular RGB cameras. The authors apply four features extracted from images based on depth information to the identification method; (1) estimated body height, (2) estimated body dimensions, (3) estimated body size and (4) depth histogram. In the experiment, the authors evaluated two situations; (a) standing in front of a door and (b) touching a doorknob. The identification accuracy rates are 94.4% and 91.4% on the two situations. The authors obtained the high accuracy by the proposed method.
Variation-Aware System-Level Power Analysis (2009)

The operational characteristics of integrated circuits in nanoscale semiconductor technology are expected to be increasingly affected by variations in the manufacturing process and the operating environment. In this paper, we address the problem of incorporating the effects of variations into system-level power analysis tools. We consider both manufacturing-induced (die-to-die and within-die) variations in device characteristics, and operation-induced dynamic variations in on-chip temperature. To motivate our work, we first analyze the impact of variations on the power consumption of an example System-on-Chip (SoC). We show how simple extensions of current approaches to system-level power estimation (based on spreadsheets or system-level simulation) are not well-suited to performing variation-aware power-estimation. We propose a system-level power estimation methodology that accurately and efficiently analyzes the impact of variations on SoC power consumption. The proposed methodology combines fast trace analysis, power-state based leakage modeling, efficient thermal analysis, and Monte Carlo sampling to generate SoC power distributions, and power variability traces over time. The key benefit of the methodology is that it captures critical inter-dependencies between component workload profiles, leakage power, and variations in temperature and device parameters, while avoiding time-consuming iterative simulations. Our implementation of the proposed methodology within an in-house system-level power estimation framework indicates speedups of up to 4 orders of magnitude with negligible loss in accuracy as compared to Monte Carlo techniques. We also illustrate the application of our analysis framework can be used to explore a new class of “variation-aware” system-level power management techniques.
Fault Diagnosis Method of Check Valve Based on Multikernel Cost-Sensitive Extreme Learning Machine (2017)

Check valve is one of the most important components and most easily damaged parts in high pressure diaphragm pump, which is a typical representative of reciprocating machinery. In order to ensure the normal operation of the pump, it is necessary to monitor its running state and diagnose fault. However, in the fault diagnosis of check valve, the classification models with single kernel function can not fully interpret the classification decision function, and meanwhile unreasonable assumption of diagnostic cost equalization has a significant impact on classification results. Therefore, the multikernel function and cost-sensitive mechanism are introduced to construct the fault diagnosis model of check valve based on the multikernel cost-sensitive extreme learning machine (MKL-CS-ELM) in this paper. The comparative test results of check valve for high pressure diaphragm pump show that MKL-CS-ELM can obtain fairly or slightly better performance than ELM, CS-ELM, MKL-ELM, and multikernel cost-sensitive support vector learning machine (MKL-CS-SVM). At the same time, the presented method can obtain very high accuracy under imbalance datasets condition and effectively overcome the weakness of diagnostic cost equalization and improve the interpretability and reliability of the decision function of classification model. It, therefore, is more suitable for the practical application.
Performance Studies of a Quadrupole Mass Filter (1964)

The transmission efficiency and the resolving power of a quadrupole mass filter have been investigated as functions of entrance aperture size and frequency of excitation. The aperture size was varied from 10 to 40% of the rod diameter, and the frequency of excitation from 0.87 to 1.7 Mc. Larger transmitted ion currents at lower transmission efficiencies are observed with the larger aperture sizes. Higher resolution is obtained more readily with smaller apertures and higher frequencies.
A Reliable 3D Laser Triangulation-based Scanner with a New Simple but Accurate Procedure for Finding Scanner Parameters (2010)

In this paper, a low occlusion laser triangulation 3D scanner based on two different color lasers and one color CCD camera is proposed. By placing a laser source in each side of the camera, occlusion problems are decreased to a minimum. Finding scanner parameters is one of the critical issues in 3D scanner accuracy. A new simple procedure is proposed to accurately find scanner parameters. (Journal of American Science 2010;6(5):80-85). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
Towards a guide to social action for computer professionals (1993)

The Rodney King video, trial, verdict, and subsequent riots jolted Americans in many ways besides showing us acts of violence committed by police and citizens. It also made the inequities of American society painfully clear, and provided a clea r response to Langston Hughes' question: "What happens to a dream deferred?" Answer : it explodes. This caused many people to rethink how they are conducting their lives, and how we are conducting our neighborhoods, our cities, our states, and our nation.
Hooked (フックト) ハマるしかけ : 使われつづけるサービスを生み出す「心理学」×「デザイン」の新ルール (2014)

１ ハビット・ゾーン（習慣化された領域） ２ トリガー（きっかけ） ３ アクション（行動） ４ リワード（予測不能な報酬） ５ インベストメント（投資） ６ フック・モデルをどのように活かせばよいのか ７ ケース・スタディ：聖書アプリ（Ｂｉｂｌｅ Ａｐｐ） ８ 習慣性のテストと習慣化をうながす機会を探る
Butyrate modulates surfactant protein mRNA in fetal rat lung by altering mRNA transcription and stability (1994)

We examined the effects of Na butyrate, a known regulator of gene expression, on surfactant protein mRNA concentration, transcription, and degradation. Exposure of explants of 18-day fetal rat lung to Na butyrate resulted in a decrease in surfactant protein A (SP-A) mRNA concentration to 7% of control after 6 h and to 18% of control after 24 h. The reduction in SP-A mRNA concentration was associated with decreased mRNA transcription and stability at both these times. The effects on SP-B mRNA were similar to those on SP-A, but quantitatively less. In contrast, butyrate had a biphasic effect on SP-C mRNA concentration. There was an initial decrease to 30% of control at 6 h, followed by an increase to control levels by 24 h. Transcription of SP-C was increased at both these times, whereas degradation was enhanced at 6 h, but not at 24 h. The level of surfactant protein mRNA after butyrate treatment therefore depends on the balance between induced changes in transcription and degradation. Butyrate had no effect on gamma-actin mRNA concentration in this system. Circulating levels of butyric acid analogues are elevated in the mothers and fetuses in diabetic pregnancies. Some of these fetuses have delayed lung maturation and decreased amniotic fluid SP-A levels. We speculate that butyric acid analogues partially mediate the changes in pulmonary maturation induced by maternal diabetes.