gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-micromachined PbTiO3 pyroelectric detectors (1991)

Lead titanate (PbTiO3) thin-film pyroelectric infrared detectors have been fabricated on polycrystalline silicon micromechanical membranes. Pyroelectric PbTiO3 thin films of thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 μm were prepared by sol-gel spin casting techniques and deposited on 1.0-μm-thick polycrystalline silicon membranes suspended 1.0 μm above the surface of a silicon wafer. This composite structure offers high sensitivity and low thermal mass. The measured pyroelectric coefficient for 0.36-μm-thick PbTiO3 films is 90 nC/cm2 K. The measured blackbody voltage responsivity for a pyroelectric element with an active area of 7×10−4 cm2 at 297 K and a chopping frequency of 50 Hz is 4.2×104 V/W. The measured normalized detectivity D* at 297 K and 50 Hz is 1.0×109 cm Hz1/2/W.
SUPPRESSION OF AEROSOL GENERATION DURING SPRAYING AND DEPOSITION OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS (2005)

This study investigated droplet-size spectra and aerosol production from consumer products dispensed by disposable trigger sprayers for deposition on household surfaces. A strategy was devised to reduce the generation of small, mobile droplets through nozzle selection and manipulation of fluid properties. Parametric experiments with a generic laundry stain remover ("prespotter"), five spray dispenser designs, and four concentrations of a long-chain polymer were conducted. Surface tension of the test formulations ranged from 0.0350 to 0.0365 N/m. Shear viscosities ranged from 258 to 165 cps (shear rate of 7.5 s−1) and 66 to 48 cps (shear rate of 75 s−1). Polymer concentrations ranged from 0.00% to 0.10% w/w. Elongational viscosity characteristics were measured using a modified flow technique modeled after R. W. Dexter [14]. Droplet size spectra of the spray discharged from dispensers were measured with a laser-diffraction system. Design of the trigger spray nozzle significantly affected the droplet size spectra. For all trigger sprayers studied, addition of polymer to the spray formulation significantly reduced the generation of aerosol droplets. Mass transfer studies confirmed that addition of polymer reduced airborne spray aerosols by 86% to 94%. Similarly, addition of the polymer reduced the generation of mobile aerosols from spray impaction on target surfaces by 47−98%, depending on nozzle design and target surface characteristics.
Image-directed percutaneous biopsies with a biopsy gun. (1989)

Core tissue for histologic study is believed by many pathologists to be more diagnostic than material from needle aspiration. Recently, a biopsy "gun" has been introduced, which simplifies core biopsies. With this device, 182 biopsies of multiple anatomic sites were performed with ultrasonic, computed tomographic, and fluoroscopic guidance and 18-gauge needles. High-quality histopathologic specimens were obtained in 177 of the biopsies, and diagnostic target tissue was obtained in 167. Only three significant complications occurred: one bleeding complication that required transfusion and two cases of pneumothorax that necessitated placement of chest tubes. The biopsy gun eliminated the disjointed movements of conventional "skinny" needle biopsies, and none of the samples demonstrated significant "crush" artifact or obscuring blood, problems that are commonly associated with manual biopsy techniques. Patient discomfort was decreased with this system compared with that of manual biopsies, and the total procedure time was reduced. Because of these distinct advantages, the authors now use the biopsy gun exclusively for all percutaneous biopsies and recommend that other institutions consider the use of this biopsy method.
Immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) in conjunction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as potential determinants of response to EGFR-targeted therapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (C (2006)

B53 Introduction: Clinical trials of the EGFR-directed monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab have widely employed demonstration of EGFR expression by IHC as an entry or screening criteria. Recent reports have called into question the predictive value of this testing prompting the search for markers truly predictive of response. We postulate that the presence of TGF-α, a major autocrine ligand to EGFR implicated in CRC, may act as a surrogate marker for EGFR expression, which may be both transient and extremely heterogeneous, and be associated with response to therapy in supposed EGFR-undetectable tumors.Materials and Methods: Automated IHC assessment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 91 consecutive patients was performed for EGFR and TGF-α. Quantitative assessment of TGF-α was performed using digital imaging software to generate an average optical density (OD) for the tumor component of each specimen.Results: A total of 91 patients (117 total specimens) were evaluated for both EGFR and TGF-α. All 117 specimens demonstrated positive staining for TGF-α. Quantitative assessment of intratumoral TGF-α expression by image analysis showed no significant differences between 66 EGFR positive (0.25 median TGF-α OD, SD = 0.13) and 25 EGFR negative (0.26 median TGF-α OD, SD = 0.11) patients. Comparable levels of TGF-α were also seen in specimens from 85 primary tumors (0.25 median OD, SD = 0.15) and 32 various distant metastases (0.315 median OD, SD = 0.12). No statistically significant differences in TGF-α expression were observed between different EGFR staining intensities (0, 1+, 2+, 3+). In a subgroup of 14 patients with multiple tumor specimens available, no significant difference in TGF-α expression patterns were seen within individual patients.Conclusions: The ubiquitous expression of TGF-α by CRC observed across multiple anatomic sites suggests that the presence of the ligand, with or without coordinate EGFR expression, is likely a hallmark of CRC tumorogenesis rather than an indicator of EGFR-dependent growth and is therefore unlikely to differentiate either responsive or resistant tumors when considered in the context of the relatively low clinical response rates observed with cetuximab and panitumumab treatment. Examination of erbB receptor family co-expression, including HER-2 as the preferred EGFR dimerization partner, in combination with downstream markers of EGFR signaling activity should be considered.
Assessment of Hepatic Toxicity from Treatment with <sup>90</sup> Y-SMT 487 (OctreoTher™) in Patients with Diffuse Somatostatin Receptor Positive Liver Metastases (2003)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is evidence for hepatocellular radiation injury following treatment with (90)Y-SMT487 ((90)Y-DOTA-tyr3-octreotide, OctreoTher(TM)) in patients with extensive liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Patients reported in this study participated in a Phase II trial of efficacy and safety of (90)Y-SMT487. The trial design called for three treatment cycles of 120 mCi each (4400 MBq) of (90)Y-SMT487. (111)In-pentetreotide SPECT images were used to determine the extent of liver metastases. Serum AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase levels were obtained at baseline and following each cycle of therapy. Least squares fit was applied to the serial liver enzyme measurements in patients with extensive liver metastases. Post-therapy liver enzyme measurements were also evaluated using WHO common toxicity criteria. Repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-test were applied to the serial enzyme measures. There were 21 subjects. Fifteen of these had hepatic metastases with 12 demonstrating extensive (defined as 25% or more) liver involvement. In only 4 of these 15 did any of the three enzyme levels increase in WHO toxicity grade from baseline to final follow-up. We conclude that patients with diffuse SSTR positive hepatic metastases can be treated with a cumulative administered activity of 360 mCi (90)Y-SMT487 with only a small chance of developing mild acute or subacute hepatic radiation injury.
Non???Animal-Based Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Scientific and Technical Considerations (2007)

The remarkable biocompatibility of the hyaluronan group of agents in individuals of all skin types, allied with the superior aesthetic result and outstanding longevity of response, promises that patients will continue to demand safe these recent advances in filler technology.
Preferred Orientation of Platelets in X-Ray Diffractometer Powder Samples (1955)

A method is described for elimination of the effects of preferred orientation of platelets in a compressed powder sample having a plane surface exposed to the x-ray beam. The powder is diluted with a low absorption amorphous resin and the results extrapolated to zero concentration. The extrapolation is justified by analysis of an idealized model of the sample. A comparison between the analytical results and the results of an experimental study using silver iodide indicates the validity of the process.
Genome-wide signatures of differential DNA methylation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2013)

Our results suggest an important biological role for DNA methylation in the differences between ALL subtypes and in their clinical outcome after treatment.
<i> IGLV3-21 <i>*</i> 01 </i> is an inherited risk factor for CLL through the acquisition of a single-point mutation enabling autonomous BCR signaling (2020)

The prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) depends on different markers, including cytogenetic aberrations, oncogenic mutations, and mutational status of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain variable (IGHV) gene. The number of IGHV mutations distinguishes mutated (M) CLL with a markedly superior prognosis from unmutated (UM) CLL cases. In addition, B cell antigen receptor (BCR) stereotypes as defined by IGHV usage and complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) classify ∼30% of CLL cases into prognostically important subsets. Subset 2 expresses a BCR with the combination of IGHV3-21-derived heavy chains (HCs) with IGLV3-21-derived light chains (LCs), and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Importantly, the subset 2 LC carries a single-point mutation, termed R110, at the junction between the variable and constant LC regions. By analyzing 4 independent clinical cohorts through BCR sequencing and by immunophenotyping with antibodies specifically recognizing wild-type IGLV3-21 and R110-mutated IGLV3-21 (IGLV3-21<sup>R110</sup>), we show that IGLV3-21<sup>R110</sup>-expressing CLL represents a distinct subset with poor prognosis independent of IGHV mutations. Compared with other alleles, only <i>IGLV3-21<i>*</i>01</i> facilitates effective homotypic BCR-BCR interaction that results in autonomous, oncogenic BCR signaling after acquiring R110 as a single-point mutation. Presumably, this mutation acts as a standalone driver that transforms <i>IGLV3-21<i>*</i>01</i>-expressing B cells to develop CLL. Thus, we propose to expand the conventional definition of CLL subset 2 to subset 2L by including all IGLV3-21<sup>R110</sup>-expressing CLL cases regardless of IGHV mutational status. Moreover, the generation of monoclonal antibodies recognizing IGLV3-21 or mutated IGLV3-21<sup>R110</sup> facilitates the recognition of B cells carrying this mutation in CLL patients or healthy donors.
Introduction to MFC Programming with Visual C (2000)

I. OBJECT CONCEPTS IN CONSOLE APPLICATIONS. 1. Using MFC Utility Classes in Console Applications. 2. Classes: A Review of Concepts. 3. Collections, CFiles, and Serializing Objects. II. HANDCRAFTED MFC WINDOWS PROGRAMS. 4. Event Handling: Keyboard and Mouse Input. 5. Device Context Attributes and Functions. 6. Mouse and Keyboard Techniques. 7. Using Window Controls. 8. Menus and Dialogs. III. APPWIZARD APPLICATIONS WITH NO DOCUMENT. 9. The AppWizard and ClassWizard. 10. More on Menus, Toolbars, and Dialogs. 11. Timers and the XOR Draw Mode. 12. Bitmap Graphics. 13. Sending and Posting Messages. IV. THE DOCUMENT / VIEW ARCHITECTURE. 14. Using The Document / View Architecture. 15. Database Processing. Appendices. Appendix A: A Win32 Program. Appendix B: Using the Debugger. Appendix C: The Editor. What's On the CD?
Editorial: quelques observations et conseils du rédacteur en chef sortant (2008)

We have isolated and characterized a plasmid (pChug 20.1) that contains the cDNA of a nuclear uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) gene isolated from normal human placenta. This cDNA directed the synthesis of a fusion protein (Mr 66,000) that exhibited UDG activity. The enzymatic activity was specific for a uracil-containing polynucleotide substrate and was inhibited by a glycosylase antibody or a beta-galactosidase antibody. Sequence analysis demonstrated an open reading frame that encoded a protein of 335 amino acids of calculated Mr 36,050 and pI 8.7, corresponding to the Mr 37,000 and pI 8.1 of purified human placental UDG. No homology was seen between this cDNA and the UDG of herpes simplex virus, Escherichia coli, and yeast; nor was there homology with the putative human mitochondrial UDG cDNA or with a second human nuclear UDG cDNA. Surprisingly, a search of the GenBank data base revealed that the cDNA of UDG was completely homologous with the 37-kDa subunit of human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Human erythrocyte glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was obtained commercially in its tetrameric form. A 37-kDa subunit was isolated from it and shown to possess UDG activity equivalent to that seen for the purified human placental UDG. The multiple functions of this 37-kDa protein as here and previously reported indicate that it possesses a series of activities, depending on its oligomeric state. Accordingly, mutation(s) in the gene of this multifunctional protein may conceivably result in the diverse cellular phenotypes of Bloom syndrome.
Visual attention for implicit relevance feedback in a content based image retrieval (2010)

In this paper we propose an implicit relevance feedback method with the aim to improve the performance of known Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems by re-ranking the retrieved images according to users' eye gaze data. This represents a new mechanism for implicit relevance feedback, in fact usually the sources taken into account for image retrieval are based on the natural behavior of the user in his/her environment estimated by analyzing mouse and keyboard interactions. In detail, after the retrieval of the images by querying CBIRs with a keyword, our system computes the most salient regions (where users look with a greater interest) of the retrieved images by gathering data from an unobtrusive eye tracker, such as Tobii T60. According to the features, in terms of color, texture, of these relevant regions our system is able to re-rank the images, initially, retrieved by the CBIR. Performance evaluation, carried out on a set of 30 users by using Google Images and "pyramid" like keyword, shows that about the 87% of the users is more satisfied of the output images when the re-raking is applied.
It knows what you're going to do (2001)

The complexity of AI characters in computer games is continually improving; however they still fall short of human players. In this paper we describe an AI bot for the game Quake II that tries to incorporate some of the missing capabilities. This bot is distinguished by its ability to build its own map as it explores a level, use a wide variety of tactics based on its internal map, and in some cases, anticipate its opponents actions. The bot was developed in the Soar architecture and uses dynamical hierarchical task decomposition to organize it knowledge and actions. It also uses internal prediction based on its own tactics to anticipate its opponents actions. This paper describes the implementation, its strengths and weaknesses, and discusses future research.
Dictionary-Based Program Compression on Transport Triggered Architectures (2005)

Program code size has become a critical design constraint of embedded systems. Large program codes require large memories, which increase the size and cost of the chip. Poor code density is a problem, especially in parallel architectures where a long instruction word controls the concurrently operating hardware resources. Dictionary compression is one of the most often used compression methods to improve the code density due to its simplicity. In dictionary compression, unique bit patterns, e.g., instructions, are stored in a dictionary and replaced in the program code by indices pointing to the dictionary. Dictionary compression is evaluated on a transport triggered architecture, a customizable processor architecture that is particularly suitable for tailoring hardware resources according to the requirements of the application. Obtained results indicate significant improvements in code density.
Deterioration of polyamide powder properties in the laser sintering process (2008)

Polyamide 12 (PA12)-based powders are the most used materials in the laser sintering (LS) process for rapid manufacturing of functional parts. An average of 80–90 per cent of the powdered material in the LS building chamber is not sintered and could be reused. However, the properties of the recycled powder vary, which ultimately affects the quality of produced parts. These differences are due to the process conditions such as temperature and time, the LS machine design, and properties of the powder used for parts fabrication. This paper analyses the LS processing conditions and current recycling practices in relation with the deterioration or ageing of the PA12-based powders. Samples of new and recycled grades of PA2200 powder were artificially aged in a temperature-controlled oven and then tested using differential scanning calorimetry, melt flowrate indexer, and gel permeation chromatography. It has been found that the temperature and the time at which the unsintered powder was exposed are the most influential factors for the deterioration of LS powder properties.
Suppressor Mutations in the Chloroplast-encoded Large Subunit Improve the Thermal Stability of Wild-type Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (2000)

A temperature-conditional, photosynthesis-deficient mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, previously recovered by genetic screening, results from a leucine 290 to phenylalanine (L290F) substitution in the chloroplast-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39). Rubisco purified from mutant cells grown at 25 C has a reduction in CO 2 /O 2 specificity and is inactivated at lower temperatures than those that inactivate the wild-type enzyme. Second-site alanine 222 to threonine (A222T) or valine 262 to leucine (V262L) substitutions were previously isolated via genetic selection for photosynthetic ability at the 35 C restrictive temperature. These intragenic suppressors improve the CO 2 /O 2 specificity and thermal stability of L290F Rubisco in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, directed mutagenesis and chloroplast transformation were used to create the A222T and V262L substitutions in an otherwise wild-type enzyme. Although neither substitution improves the CO 2 /O 2 specificity above the wild-type value, both improve the thermal stability of wild-type Rubisco in vitro. Based on the x-ray crystal structure of spinach Rubisco, large subunit residues 222, 262, and 290 are far from the active site. They surround a loop of residues in the nuclear-encoded small subunit. Interactions at this subunit interface may substantially contribute to the thermal stability of the Rubisco holoenzyme.
Microarray background correction: maximum likelihood estimation for the normal-exponential convolution (2008)

Background correction is an important preprocessing step for microarray data that attempts to adjust the data for the ambient intensity surrounding each feature. The "normexp" method models the observed pixel intensities as the sum of 2 random variables, one normally distributed and the other exponentially distributed, representing background noise and signal, respectively. Using a saddle-point approximation, Ritchie and others (2007) found normexp to be the best background correction method for 2-color microarray data. This article develops the normexp method further by improving the estimation of the parameters. A complete mathematical development is given of the normexp model and the associated saddle-point approximation. Some subtle numerical programming issues are solved which caused the original normexp method to fail occasionally when applied to unusual data sets. A practical and reliable algorithm is developed for exact maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) using high-quality optimization software and using the saddle-point estimates as starting values. "MLE" is shown to outperform heuristic estimators proposed by other authors, both in terms of estimation accuracy and in terms of performance on real data. The saddle-point approximation is an adequate replacement in most practical situations. The performance of normexp for assessing differential expression is improved by adding a small offset to the corrected intensities.
Ear Biometrics: A Survey on Ear Image Databases and Techniques for Ear Detection and Recognition (2015)

Identifying the people by using their ear is the emerging trend in the modern era. Biometrics deals with the procedure to identify people, by using their measurable, unique and permanent features such as fingerprint, iris, face, vein, DNA, hand writing, hand geometry and many more. Biometrics serves as integrated part of modern security systems. This paper discuss about the ear biometrics. Human ear is the unique and clearly visible trait that is permanent for his/her lifetime. The increasing age of human being affects very less on the ear. This paper provides a detailed survey of 16 most popular image databases available for ear biometrics, which will be helpful for the researchers on which they can perform the experiments. This paper includes a comparative study of techniques used for ear detection and ear recognition techniques. Current research work in ear biometrics is limited to database of images captured under certain conditions.
Electrochemical Performance and in Operando Charge Efficiency Measurements of Cu/Sn-Doped Nano Iron Electrodes (2018)

Fe-air or Ni-Fe cells can offer low-cost and large-scale sustainable energy storage. At present, they are limited by low coulombic efficiency, low active material use, and poor rate capability. To overcome these challenges, two types of nanostructured doped iron materials were investigated: (1) copper and tin doped iron (CuSn); and (2) tin doped iron (Sn). Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was added to the electrode and LiOH to the electrolyte. In the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample, the addition of SWCNT increased the discharge capacity from 430 to 475 mAh g−1, and charge efficiency increased from 83% to 93.5%. With the addition of both SWCNT and LiOH, the charge efficiency and discharge capacity improved to 91% and 603 mAh g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the 4 wt. % Sn substituted sample performance is not on par with the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample. The dopant elements (Cu and Sn) and additives (SWCNT and LiOH) have a major impact on the electrode performance. To understand the relation between hydrogen evolution and charge current density, we have used in operando charging measurements combined with mass spectrometry to quantify the evolved hydrogen. The electrodes that were subjected to prolonged overcharge upon hydrogen evolution failed rapidly. This insight could help in the development of better charging schemes for the iron electrodes.
Repair of paracolostomy hernias with Marlex mesh (1982)

The author's limited experience with the use of Marlex mesh to repair large paracolostomy hernias on five patients supports the experiences of others who have used this method of repair. The use of synthetic material in the repair of these often troublesome hernias is by no means conclusive since it was used only in a small number of patients. However, it is encouraging enough to warrant further use.