gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency 4-Dimensional Ultrasound (4DUS): A Reliable Method for Assessing Murine Cardiac Function (2017)

In vivo imaging has provided a unique framework for studying pathological progression in various mouse models of cardiac disease. Although conventional short-axis motion-mode (SAX MM) ultrasound and cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two of the most prevalent strategies used for quantifying cardiac function, there are few notable limitations including imprecision, inaccuracy, and geometric assumptions with ultrasound, or large and costly systems with substantial infrastructure requirements with MRI. Here we present an automated 4-dimensional ultrasound (4DUS) technique that provides comparable information to cine MRI through spatiotemporally synced imaging of cardiac motion. Cardiac function metrics derived from SAX MM, cine MRI, and 4DUS data show close agreement between cine MRI and 4DUS but overestimations by SAX MM. The inclusion of a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy further highlights the precision of 4DUS compared with that of SAX MM, with narrower groupings of cardiac metrics based on health status. Our findings suggest that murine 4DUS can be used as a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective technique for longitudinal studies of cardiac function and disease progression.
Real-time trip planning with the crowd (2013)

When confronted with an unexpected turn of events or feeling spontaneous, travelers find themselves in need of on-the-spot planning assistance. We present Crowdcierge, a real-time crowd-powered trip planning application. Crowdcierge is capable of both planning new trips and re-planning on the fly based on unstructured natural language input. By using the retainer model, synchronous crowd collaboration, and crowdware, workers are quickly recruited to work together to accurately tag key ideas in a planning mission, plan the itinerary, and re-plan in response to problems that arise during the trip. This paper presents the design of each crowd task in Crowdcierge and preliminary results from the tagging task.
Neural network based estimation of feedback signals for a vector controlled induction motor drive (1995)

Neural networks are showing promise for application in power electronics and motion control systems. So far, they have been applied for a few cases, mainly in the control of converters and drives, but their application in estimation is practically new. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that such a technology can be applied for estimation of feedback signals in an induction motor drive with some distinct advantages when compared to DSP based implementation. A feedforward neural network receives the machine terminal signals at the input and calculates flux, torque, and unit vectors (cos /spl theta//sub e/ and sin /spl theta//sub e/) at the output which are then used in the control of a direct vector-controlled drive system. The three-layer network has been trained extensively by Neural Works Professional II/Plus program to emulate the DSP-based computational characteristics. The performance of the estimator is good and is comparable to that of DSP-based estimation. The system has been operated in the wide torque and speed regions independently with a DSP-based estimator and a neural network-based estimator, and are shown to have comparable performance. The neural network estimator has the advantages of faster execution speed, harmonic ripple immunity, and fault tolerance characteristics compared to DSP-based estimator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combining seismic inversion with basin modeling ‐ An Indonesia case study (2006)

There is a “missing link” between seismic inversion and basin modeling. Quality of basin modeling results such as pressure and flow depends on quality of rock properties provided by wells and by seismic inversion. Calculated flow directions, saturations, breakthroughs, etc. provide a good quality control tool for testing capillary entry pressure and connectivity assumptions. If utilized by seismic inversion it might lead to much better seismic inversion results. This paper presents methodology and workflows for building integrated seismic inversion / basin models. A case study from Indonesia is used to demonstrate this process and to evaluate seismic inversion combined with invasion percolation based methodologies applied to complex geologic settings of SE Asia Tertiary basins.
Design and Development of True-CSP (2005)

“Wafer Level Packaging” has been there in microelectronics industry since late 1990’s, but recently it is accepted as package of choice particularly for applications where the pin count is from low to medium. Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) is growing rapidly in consumer application such as cell phone, digital camera and wireless application. It combines the chip scale advantage of small size with efficient production approach based on batch packaging at wafer level. One existing technologies in WLCSP’s employ epoxy encapsulation over the pillar bumped wafer and surface polished prior to solder printing. A clear disadvantage of epoxy encapsulation on the whole wafer is the high resultant warpage. With a larger wafer, there is a corresponding requirement to increase the thickness of the wafer during the polishing process in order to relieve high warpage, which could hinder the polishing process. Excessive residual stress induced through the process could result in extensive wafer cracking. This becomes a potential draw back in wafer-level batch processing. This paper will disscuss an alternate novice method of processing WLCSP by leveraging on existing assembly house equipments. Advantages of this packages, developed by United Test and Assembly Center (UTAC) , would also be discussed. In it’s key process, the copper pillar bumped wafer is singulated and attached to a base carrier similar to coventional lead-frame strip. The base carrier strip is then over molded together with the copper pillar wafer before being solder mounted and singulated to its final size. The final package contains base carrier with the chips encapsulated by the compound. Package without base carrier is still under development as an option for ultra thin packaging soulution. This novice package had passed JEDEC Level 3 @ 260 with full environmental test. This paper also discussed the simulation study using Finite Element Analysis to assess the board-level reliability performance, which is a key concern for CSP structures. Parametric analysis has been included in the study to evaluate the reliability sensitivity of this new package, allowing a better understanding of the mechanical response thus achieving design optimization.
New therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension: an update on current bench to bedside translation (2010)

In spite of favorable results in experimental models, none of these strategies has achieved the ultimate goal of curing PAH. Further developments will depend on progress made in our pathobiological understanding of the disease and carefully designed randomized, controlled trials.
Current mode Z-source inverter-fed ASD system (2005)

The paper proposes a novel topology of Z-source inverter system and control for adjustable speed drives (ASD). The Z-source inverter employs a unique LC network to couple the inverter main circuit to the diode front end. By controlling the open-circuit duty cycle, the Z-source inverter can produce any desired output ac voltage, even less than the line voltage. As results, the new Z-source inverter system provides better low speed characteristics that the traditional current source inverter-fed ASD through the simple circuit structure and the unique control strategy. The simulation results testify the rationality of the topology.
A New Velocity Algorithm for Sing-Around-Type Flow Meters (1987)

Upprättat; 1987; 20070321 (ysko)
Influence of diagnostic criteria on the incidence of gestational diabetes and perinatal morbidity. (1993)

Fifty percent more cases of gestational diabetes were identified using the more inclusive, modified criteria. These cases had as much excess in maternal diabetes risk factors, infant macrosomia, and cord hyperinsulinemia and nearly as much increase in perinatal morbidity as subjects diagnosed by the recommended criteria. The incidence and perinatal impact of gestational diabetes may be greater than previously appreciated. The modified criteria deserve wider verification and use.
Biomarker method validation in anticancer drug development (2007)

Over recent years the role of biomarkers in anticancer drug development has expanded across a spectrum of applications ranging from research tool during early discovery to surrogate endpoint in the clinic. However, in Europe when biomarker measurements are performed on samples collected from subjects entered into clinical trials of new investigational agents, laboratories conducting these analyses become subject to the Clinical Trials Regulations. While these regulations are not specific in their requirements of research laboratories, quality assurance and in particular assay validation are essential. This review, therefore, focuses on a discussion of current thinking in biomarker assay validation. Five categories define the majority of biomarker assays from 'absolute quantitation' to 'categorical'. Validation must therefore take account of both the position of the biomarker in the spectrum towards clinical end point and the level of quantitation inherent in the methodology. Biomarker assay validation should be performed ideally in stages on 'a fit for purpose' basis avoiding unnecessarily dogmatic adherence to rigid guidelines but with careful monitoring of progress at the end of each stage. These principles are illustrated with two specific examples: (a) absolute quantitation of protein biomarkers by mass spectrometry and (b) the M30 and M65 ELISA assays as surrogate end points of cell death.
Induction of Bioluminescence Capability in the Marine Fish, <i>Porichthys Notatus</i>, by <i>Vargula</i> (Crustacean) [14C]Luciferin and Unlabelled Analogues (1988)

ABSTRACT Along the Pacific coast of North America, the marine fish, Porichthys notatus, is distributed as a northern nonluminescent population and a southern luminescent one. Bioluminescence capability is inducible in nonluminescent P. notatus by a single oral or intraperitoneal administration of a small amount of luciferin, a compound used by the marine ostracod crustacean, Vargula, as substrate for light emission. Once induced, the fish is capable of luminescing for more than 2 years. The results of the present study show that: (1) P. notatus photophores incorporate 14C-labelled Vargula luciferin: (2) the specific activity of the incorporated label is undiluted when recovered from the photophores 7 weeks later; (3) two chemical analogues of Vargula luciferin do not induce bioluminescence capability in the fish; (4) luciferinol, another close analogue of Vargula luciferin, induces a very weak bioluminescent capability in the fish; and (5) two key intermediates in the degradation of Vargula luciferin, oxyluciferin and etioluciferin, are ineffective in inducing bioluminescence capability. The conclusions to be drawn from this study are that P. notatus recycles luciferin and that, in the uninduced fish, the recycling does not involve the resynthesis of luciferin from oxyluciferin or etioluciferin.
Solvent-Induced Crystallization in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) during Mass Transport:  Mechanism and Boundary Condition (2004)

The mechanism of mass transport and the related crystallization in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were studied. Solvent-induced crystallization can occur during the transport process in PET at low temperature. The important effect of changing the surrounding medium to solvent molecules is to reduce the glass transition temperature. This phenomenon is called “plasticization”. The extent of plasticization relies on the amount of solvent around the polymer molecules, i.e., the concentration of solvent which will depend on the mass transport before saturation. Evidences for the transport mechanism in the first stage of crystallization were revealed. The distinct diffusion front was determined from the measurements of optical microscope and microhardness. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves displayed crystallization exothermic peaks whose areas decreased with the amounts of amorphous regions, representing the solvent-induced crystallization (SINC) process. The observed phenomenon of multiple-stage crystallizations is associated with the variation of boundary conditions during mass transport, which was ignored in most theoretical analyses.
Hotspot detection on post-OPC layout using full-chip simulation-based verification tool: a case study with aerial image simulation (2003)

OPC (Optical Proximity Correction) improves the feature CD (critical dimension) uniformity and pattern fidelity in general. However, since model calibration only takes CD measurements at optimum exposure dose and best focus condition, the correction result may not be desirable at non-optimum conditions due to significant sub-resolution process distortion. Certain specific patterns are prone to bridging or pinching (we refer this type of location as hotspot in this paper) when process drifts a little from optimum condition. Simulation based full-chip verification became the method of choice for capturing hotspots on post-OPC layouts prior to mask tape-out to save development time and cost. In this paper, a complete simulation and analysis flow using SiVL was experimented to capture hotspots for a 100nm node process. Calibrated process model and multiple optical models with different focus/threshold conditions were applied for simulation. The method and effectiveness of filtering and analyzing fatal errors from output error database was discussed. The analysis results were then correlated to actual wafer printing. A good match between prediction and experiment was found.
Endovascular electroencephalography during an intracarotid amobarbital test with simultaneous recordings from 16 electrodes (1998)

Recently, Boniface and Antoun1reported endovascular EEG during intra-arterial amobarbital tests using an endovascular guide wire as the different electrode for bipolar recordings against an extracranial surface electrode (T3) or an average reference. They concluded that their technique was feasible to identify intracranial epileptiform discharges and was less invasive than other intracranial EEG methods with the advantage that it was possible to move the guide wire between different intracranial sides. They also mentioned “the potential to …
Harnessing Sun’s Energy with Quantum Dots Based Next Generation Solar Cell (2012)

Our energy consumption relies heavily on the three components of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) and nearly 83% of our current energy is consumed from those sources. The use of fossil fuels, however, has been viewed as a major environmental threat because of their substantial contribution to greenhouse gases which are responsible for increasing the global average temperature. Last four decades, scientists have been searching for alternative sources of energy which need to be environmentally clean, efficient, cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable. One of the promising sustainable sources of energy can be achieved by harnessing sun energy through silicon wafer, organic polymer, inorganic dye, and quantum dots based solar cells. Among them, quantum dots have an exceptional property in that they can excite multiple electrons using only one photon. These dots can easily be synthesized, processed in solution, and incorporated into solar cell application. Interestingly, the quantum dots solar cells can exceed the Shockley<b>-</b>Queisser limit; however, it is a great challenge for other solar cell materials to exceed the limit. Theoretically, the quantum dots solar cell can boost the power conversion efficiency up to 66% and even higher to 80%. Moreover, in changing the size of the quantum dots one can utilize the Sun's broad spectrum of visible and infrared ranges. This review briefly overviews the present performance of different materials-based solar cells including silicon wafer, dye-sensitized, and organic solar cells. In addition, recent advances of the quantum dots based solar cells which utilize cadmium sulfide/selenide, lead sulfide/selenide, and new carbon dots as light harvesting materials has been reviewed. A future outlook is sketched as to how one could improve the efficiency up to 10% from the current highest efficiency of 6.6%.
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (gelatinase B) is expressed in multinucleated giant cells of human giant cell tumor of bone and is associated with vascular invasion. (1996)

Human giant cell tumor (GCT) consists of multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells, and is characterized by frequent vascular invasion without distant metastases. To study the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the vascular invasion, we examined production of MMP-1 (tissue collagenase), -2 (gelatinase A), -3 (stromelysin-1), -9 (gelatinase B), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and -2) in GCT. MMP-9 was highly and predominantly expressed in giant cells by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Expression of other MMPs was also observed in some cases but was inconstant. Sandwich enzyme immunoassays demonstrated that MMP-9 is the predominant MMP secreted by GCT. There was a definite imbalance between the amounts of MMP-9 and those of TIMPs in the culture media of GCT, leading to detectable gelatinolytic activity in an assay using 14C-gelatin. Gelatin zymography demonstrated the main activity at about 90 kd, which was identified as the zymogen of MMP-9 by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry for type IV collagen and laminin, major basement membrane components, showed that disappearance of the proteins is closely associated with MMP-9-positive giant cells. These results indicate the production of MMP-9 by multinucleated giant cells and suggest that the metalloproteinase may contribute to proteolysis associated with vascular invasion and local bone resorption in human GCT.
Facilities and Methods: Geant4 – A Simulation Toolkit (2007)

A toolkit? More a building set. But you get the idea. You can build what you want, tailor it to your requirements, but you have to build it yourself. That makes it flexible and versatile; it is also fun.Geant4 is a body of C++ code that models and simulates the interaction of particles with matter. The code is distributed freely under an open software license [1 For the Geant4 licence, http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/license/LICENSE.html [Google Scholar]]. Documentation, source code, databases and, for some computer platforms, binary libraries can be downloaded from the Geant4 website [2 The Geant4 website http://geant4.cern.ch [Google Scholar]]. Being a toolkit means you have to learn how it works and find good ways of putting the pieces together and to help you do this, Geant4 comes with many examples and a Web-based documentation system.
Closed-System, High-Flux Evaporative Spray Cooling (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Investigations into the feasibility of high-heat flux, evaporative spray cooling in a single-component, closed-system are reported. A spray cooling heat exchanger was designed, manufactured, and tested. Three specific areas were investigated. These were: (1) the effects of noncondensable gas on the heat transfer. (2) the maximum heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. (3) the effects of variation in spray characteristics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The experiments conducted in the saturated, single-component, closed-system demonstrated heat removal rates in excess of 1000 W/cm<sup>2</sup> with only a 27 ºc superheat. It was shown that removing the air from the system had little effect on the evaporation heat transfer efficiency. However, as expected, the condensation heat transfer efficiency improved greatly when the air was removed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The effects of nozzle size, flow rate, and average droplet diameter and velocity are explained through analysis of the experimental data. The measurements of the spray characteristics lend insight into the mechanisms responsible for causing critical heat flux.</div>
56‐1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Research on Commercial Foldable AMOLED and Relevant Technologies (2020)

In this work, a commercial foldable display of 8.0‐inch 2K AMOLED(Active Matrix Organic Light‐emitting Diode) was developed for foldable smart phones. By considering commercial requirements for a brand new product, fundamental performances are introduced. By new design concepts, display and touch performances are guaranteed, while the foldable reliabilities are also achieved to a commercial goal. Not only how to improve the bending abilities, but also the mechanical abilities of foldable display module are discussed. In bending performance, the endurance of dynamic folding and static folding are treated by different ways. The materials and layer stacks optimization are discussed. The root causes of the deformation in foldable display are analyzed. Solutions for the out‐folding display is suggested.
Interpreting thresholds for a clinically significant change in health status in asthma and COPD (2002)

Health status (or Health-Related Quality of Life) measurement is an established method for assessing the overall efficacy of treatments for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such measurements can indicate the potential clinical significance of a treatment's effect. This paper is concerned with methods of estimating the threshold of clinical significance for three widely used health status questionnaires for asthma and COPD: the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. It discusses the methodology used to obtain such estimates and shows that the estimates appear to be fairly reliable; ie. for a given questionnaire, similar estimates may be obtained in different studies. These empirically derived thresholds are all mean estimates with confidence intervals around them. The presence of these confidence intervals affects the way in which the thresholds may be used to draw inferences concerning the clinical relevance of clinical trial results. A new system of judging the magnitude of clinically significant results is proposed. Finally, an attempt is made to translate these thresholds into scenarios that illustrate what a clinically significant change with treatment may mean to an individual patient.
Supplemental Lighting Stimulates Growth and Lactation in Cattle (1978)

Sixteen hours of light daily (114 to 207 lux) increased weight gains and milk yield 10 to 15% in Holstein cattle in comparison with cattle exposed to natural-length photoperiods (39 to 93 lux) of 9 to 12 hours. The weight gain was accomplished without increased consumption of feed. Manipulation of supplemental light may thus cause dramatic increases in food supplies from animals.
ChemInform Abstract: The Response to Vapor Challenges of New Microsensor Coatings: Nicotinic Acid Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract Among 45 nicotinamide and pyridine derivatives such as (I)‐(III) and (IV) the derivatives (Ia) and (IIIa) give a significant reversible chemiresistor response to (V) vapor (good discrimination from the sulfur‐mustard‐gas simulant (VI)).