gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miR-1915 and miR-1225-5p Regulate the Expression of CD133, PAX2 and TLR2 in Adult Renal Progenitor Cells (2013)

Adult renal progenitor cells (ARPCs) were recently identified in the cortex of the renal parenchyma and it was demonstrated that they were positive for PAX2, CD133, CD24 and exhibited multipotent differentiation ability. Recent studies on stem cells indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding small RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression, may play a key role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Distinct sets of miRNAs are specifically expressed in pluripotent stem cells but not in adult tissues, suggesting a role for miRNAs in stem cell self-renewal. We compared miRNA expression profiles of ARPCs with that of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and renal proximal tubular cells (RPTECs) finding distinct sets of miRNAs that were specifically expressed in ARPCs. In particular, miR-1915 and miR-1225-5p regulated the expression of important markers of renal progenitors, such as CD133 and PAX2, and important genes involved in the repair mechanisms of ARPCs, such as TLR2. We demonstrated that the expression of both the renal stem cell markers CD133 and PAX2 depends on lower miR-1915 levels and that the increase of miR-1915 levels improved capacity of ARPCs to differentiate into adipocyte-like and epithelial-like cells. Finally, we found that the low levels of miR-1225-5p were responsible for high TLR2 expression in ARPCs. Therefore, together, miR-1915 and miR-1225-5p seem to regulate important traits of renal progenitors: the stemness and the repair capacity.
A NOVEL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR LASER THERMAL RECANALIZATION (1989)

A novel fiberoptic laser delivery system (Laserprobe) has been developed for the treatment of occlusive vessel disease. This delivery system provides means for converting laser energy into localized thermal energy, and for conducting the generated heat to the diseased tissue upon contact. The temperature of the heat generating element at the Laserprobe tip has been monitored during clinical use, and a thermal feedback control system was implemented. Initial attempts for clinical laser vascular recanalization have utilized for laser delivery a conventional fiberoptic under angioscopic guidance. These attempts have demonstrated that while angioscopy is feasible, this laser delivery system in incapable of producing channels of adequate size, and of avoiding vessel perforation. The Laserprobe (Trimedyne, Inc.) was devel oped[
A Wideband IM3 Cancellation Technique for CMOS ${\bf \Pi}$- and T-Attenuators (2013)

A wideband IM3 cancellation technique for CMOS attenuators is presented. With proper transistor width ratios, the dominant distortion currents of transistor switches cancel each other. As a result, a high IIP3 robust to PVT variations can be achieved without using large transistors. Two prototypes in a 0.16 µm standard bulk CMOS process are presented: a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\Pi}$</tex></formula> -attenuator with four discrete settings obtains +26 dBm IIP3 and +3 dBm 1 dB-compression point (CP) for 50 MHz to 5 GHz with only 0.0054 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex></formula> active area, and a similar T-attenuator system which obtains +27 dBm IIP3 and +13 dBm CP for 50 MHz to 5.6 GHz with only 0.0067 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex> </formula> active area.
Laser Treatment of Scars (1995)

The FLPDL is a useful adjuvant in the treatment of erythematous, hypertrophic scars.
Effect of the D178N Mutation and the Codon 129 Polymorphism on the Metabolism of the Prion Protein (1996)

Prion diseases are thought to be caused by the conversion of the normal, or cellular, prion protein (PrPC)(PrPres). There are three familial forms of human prion disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) which are all expressed at advanced age despite the congenital presence of the mutant prion protein (PrPM). The cellular mechanisms that result in the age-dependent conversion of PrPM into PrPres and the unique phenotypes associated with each PrPM are unknown. FFI and a familial type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD178), share the D178N mutation in the PrP gene but have distinct phenotypes linked to codon 129, the site of a methionine/valine polymorphism (129M/V). We analyzed PrP processing in cells transfected with constructs reproducing the FFI and CJD178 genotypes. The D178N mutation results in instability of the mutant PrP which is partially corrected by N-glycosylation. Hence, only the glycosylated forms of PrPM reach the cell surface whereas the unglycosylated PrPM is also under-represented in the brain of FFI patients validating the cell model. These results offer new insight into the effect of the D178N mutation on the metabolism of the prion protein.
The influence of temperature on the solubility of monosodium urate (1972)

Abstract The limited solubility of monosodium urate in the presence of physiological sodium concentrations is shown to fall sharply with decreasing temperature. It is suggested that this phenomenon may play a role in determining the clinically observed distribution of tophi and the susceptibility of certain joints to acute gouty arthritis.
Multimodal atomic force microscopy with optimized higher eigenmode sensitivity using on-chip piezoelectric actuation and sensing (2018)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers with integrated actuation and sensing provide several distinct advantages over conventional cantilever instrumentation. These include clean frequency responses, the possibility of down-scaling and parallelization to cantilever arrays as well as the absence of optical interference. While cantilever microfabrication technology has continuously advanced over the years, the overall design has remained largely unchanged; a passive rectangular shaped cantilever design has been adopted as the industry wide standard. In this article, we demonstrate multimode AFM imaging on higher eigenmodes as well as bimodal AFM imaging with cantilevers using fully integrated piezoelectric actuation and sensing. The cantilever design maximizes the higher eigenmode deflection sensitivity by optimizing the transducer layout according to the strain mode shape. Without the need for feedthrough cancellation, the read-out method achieves close to zero actuator/sensor feedthrough and the sensitivity is sufficient to resolve the cantilever Brownian motion.
ONGOING ACTIVITIES IN FLOW SIMULATION AND SHAPE OPTIMIZATION WITHIN THE GERMAN MEGADESIGN PROJECT (2006)

Within the framework of the third German aviation research program (2003-2007), the CFD project MEGADESIGN was initiated. The main goal of the project is the improvement and enhancement of the simulation and optimization capabilities of the German MEGAFLOW software. The project deals with several key issues regarding physical modeling, solver efficiency, fluid/structure coupling and advanced strategies for shape optimization. In order to meet the requirements of industrial implementations, a co-operative effort has been set up involving German aircraft industry, DLR, several universities and small enterprises specialized in numerical simulation and optimization. The paper outlines the main activities and achievements of the four-year project started mid 2003.
Decreased expression of the signal-transducing zeta chains in tumor-infiltrating T-cells and NK cells of patients with colorectal carcinoma. (1993)

An impaired immune response is frequently observed in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice. T-cells from mice with an experimental colon carcinoma were recently shown to express T-cell receptors that completely lacked the signal-transducing molecule CD3 zeta. Here, we have investigated the expression of the signal-transducing molecule zeta on lymphocytes from 14 patients with colorectal carcinomas using flow cytometric analysis of permeabilized cells with a monoclonal antibody (TIA-2; IgG1) specific for the cytoplasmic domain of the zeta chain as well as with immunoprecipitation and analysis on diagonal gel electrophoresis. We demonstrate that T-cells isolated from the tumors of the patients express significantly less CD3 zeta than T-cells in the peripheral blood of the same patients and that the peripheral blood of the patients express decreased levels of zeta chains, as compared to the levels found in lymphocytes from healthy controls. This decreased expression was also observed on zeta chains associated with the low affinity Fc receptor for IgG found in tumor-infiltrating NK cells (Fc gamma RIIIA alpha; CD16).
Modulatory Effect of Aliphatic Acid Amides from Zanthoxylum piperitum on Isolated Gastrointestinal Tract (2001)

beta-Sanshool and gamma-sanshool, unsaturated aliphatic acid amides isolated from the pericarpium of Zanthoxylum piperitum De Candolle (Rutaceae), relax the circular muscle of the gastric body, as well as contract the longitudinal muscle of the ileum and distal colon in an experimental system using the gastrointestinal tract isolated from a guinea pig.
A Mathematical Model for the Rational Design of Chimeric Ligands in Selective Drug Therapies (2013)

Chimeric drugs with selective potential toward specific cell types constitute one of the most promising forefronts of modern Pharmacology. We present a mathematical model to test and optimize these synthetic constructs, as an alternative to conventional empirical design. We take as a case study a chimeric construct composed of epidermal growth factor (EGF) linked to different mutants of interferon (IFN). Our model quantitatively reproduces all the experimental results, illustrating how chimeras using mutants of IFN with reduced affinity exhibit enhanced selectivity against cell overexpressing EGF receptor. We also investigate how chimeric selectivity can be improved based on the balance between affinity rates, receptor abundance, activity of ligand subunits, and linker length between subunits. The simplicity and generality of the model facilitate a straightforward application to other chimeric constructs, providing a quantitative systematic design and optimization of these selective drugs against certain cell-based diseases, such as Alzheimer's and cancer.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e26; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.2; advance online publication 13 February 2013.
Renal angiography using carbon dioxide. (2000)

The many advantages of carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography in the investigation of renal arterial disease include an absence of both nephrotoxicity and allergic reactions. An automated delivery system facilitates injection of CO2 whilst ensuring that there is no contamination of the injection with air. We report our initial experience using a prospective study of this delivery system in 47 patients referred for renal angiography, and assess diagnostic image quality and adverse reactions to CO2 angiography using the automated delivery system. The majority (37/47; 79%) of angiograms were of diagnostic quality and there were no significant adverse reactions in response to the CO2 contrast agent.
The Experimental Analysis on the Base Fluid of Liquid Magnetic Abrasive (2011)

Liquid magnetic abrasive is a late-model surfacing technology.Nowadays,there still exist some problems of stability of the base fluid.For example,after processing,the stability in redispersibility and sedimentation resistance largely decreases.Through experiments,sodium hexametaphosphate and PAA were found to be albe to increase the stability of redispersibility and antisettling,and adding nano-silica increased the antisettling of base fluid,thus improved the redispersibility.
Seeing the Light after 25 Years of Retinal Gene Therapy (2018)

The retina has been at the forefront of translational gene therapy. Proof-of-concept that gene therapy could restore vision in a large animal led to the initiation of the first successful clinical trials and, in turn, to the recent approval of the first gene therapy product for an ocular disease. As dozens of clinical trials of retinal gene therapy have begun, new challenges are identified, which include delivery of large genes, counteracting gain-of-function mutations, and safe and effective gene transfer to diseased retinas. Advancements in vector design, improvements of delivery routes, and selection of optimal timing for intervention will contribute to extend the initial success of retinal gene therapy to an increasing number of inherited blinding conditions.
Silicon Slice Analyzer Using a He-Ne Laser (1974)

Design criteria and performance characteristics are presented of an optical system capable of detecting imperfections (fractures, scratches, etc.) on the polished surfaces of semiconductor materials. This instrument is also capable of providing fast and accurate defect counting and distribution on polished, etched semiconductor surfaces. The principle involved is that of scanning a He‐Ne laser beam which is focused on the surface of the slice, and analyzing the reflected and scattered light via polarizers and photomultipliers.
Stimulated γδ T Cells Increase the In Vivo Efficacy of Trastuzumab in HER-2+ Breast Cancer (2011)

One fourth of women with HER-2(+) metastatic breast carcinoma are treated with a combination regimen with trastuzumab, but the frequent resistance to this Ab requires definition of new means to improve its bioactivity. The mechanisms of action of trastuzumab involve several pathways including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Because human γδ T lymphocytes mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and can be activated further by phosphoantigens, these cells are prone to improve the efficacy of Abs, as recently demonstrated for CD20(+) B cell lymphomas. Whether this concept applies as well with carcinomas remained to be demonstrated in vivo, however. In this study, we asked whether a combination of trastuzumab and phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ lymphocytes increases the efficacy of trastuzumab against HER-2(+) breast carcinoma cell lines in vivo. We report that repeated infusions of this combination had a better efficacy than that of trastuzumab alone against HER-2(+) mammary carcinoma xenografts in mice. In these models, reduction of tumor growth was observed together with trastuzumab opsonization of HER-2(+) cells and tumor infiltration by γδ lymphocytes. In addition in humans, the mammary carcinomas of 27 of 30 patients showed significant γδ T cell infiltrates. Altogether, these findings indicate that combination of trastuzumab and stimulated γδ cells represents a new strategy to improve the efficacy of Herceptin (trastuzumab) in HER-2(+) breast cancer.
Cooperative Cognitive Radio with Priority Queueing Analysis (2009)

In this paper, we model the hierarchical structures inherent in cognitive radio networks as the priority queueing system in which primary users interact with the highest priority and secondary users belong to the lowest priority class. In a M/G/l system containing one primary user and multiple secondary users, we obtain analytical forms of delay and throughput for different users with the function of traffic and channel conditions. Based on the analysis, the secondary user is considered to act as a relaying terminal to assist the primary communication by adopting an amplify-and-forward TDMA protocol. Cooperative diversity gains are examined next and the benefits of the secondary: improvement of throughput, is discussed with respect of the primary traffic.
Analysis of nonvolatile lipid oxidation products in vegetable oils by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (2000)

Abstract Nonvolatile triacylglyceride (TAG) oxidation products play an important role in the oxidative degradation of lipids. They serve as a reservoir of oxygen‐containing species and hence can act as off‐flavor precursors or as initiators for further oxidation reactions. Possible nonvolatile lipid oxidation products are TAG with a hydroperoxy, hydroxy, epoxy, or oxo (ketone or aldehyde) group or combination of these groups. The breakdown of TAG hydroperoxides yields nonvolatile glyceride species with two intact fatty acid chains and one short chain mostly ending in an aldehyde or hydroxy group (2 1/2 glycerides). By means of normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection, non‐volatile lipid oxidation products can be separated according to polarity. This results in separation into classes of TAG oxidation products, such as epoxy‐TAG, oxo‐TAG, hydroperoxy‐TAG, hydroxy‐TAG and 2 1/2 glycerides, which can be identified using selected ion chromatograms. The retention times of TAG oxidation products on the normal‐phase HPLC system and the signal intensity of the MS detector are stable enough to enable quantitative analysis based on external calibration. The normal‐phase HPLC‐MS method is very suitable for the characterization and quantitation of nonvolatile TAG oxidation products in oxidized TAG reference compounds as well as in real oils or oil phases isolated from emulsions, spreads, or other fat‐based food products. This method can give detailed information for the study of lipid oxidation mechanisms.
Morphometrics, sexual dimorphism, and growth in the angonoka tortoise<i>(Geochelone yniphora)</i>of western Madagascar (2001)

Abstract The most recent description of the morphology of the rare endemic Madagascar tortoise, Geochelone yniphora was based on fewer than 20 specimens. We collected morphological data for 200 free‐ranging tortoises from five populations over a four‐year period. Tortoises ranged in size from 43.5 mm carapace length at hatching to a maximum of 481 mm in an adult male. We were able to develop a logistic regression model to predict the sex of adult tortoises in one of the five populations using principal component analysis; the model correctly predicted the sex of 25 of 26 adult tortoises. Growth of 40 tortoises was monitored and as in other chelonians, the annual relative growth rate decreased with age. The relative growth rate in adults was approximately 5% per year as compared to approximately 16% in juveniles. Juvenile tortoises accrued one scute growth layer per year.
Telehealthcare for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane Review and meta-analysis (2012)

In COPD, telehealthcare interventions can significantly reduce the risk of emergency department attendance and hospitalisation, but has little effect on the risk of death.
Activation of caspase-3-like proteases in apoptosis induced by sphingosine and other long-chain bases in Hep3B hepatoma cells (1999)

Sphingosine and other long-chain bases (including sphinganine, dimethylsphingosine and stearylamine), but not octylamine (a short-chain analogue of sphinganine), induced apoptosis in Hep3B hepatoma cells. Because both D- and L-erythrosphingosine and stearylamine exert potent apoptotic effects on Hep3B cells, it is possible that these long-chain bases may activate apoptosis by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) activity. However, pretreatment with the PKC activator PMA could not rescue cells from apoptosis triggered by long-chain bases. Therefore the involvement of PKC in this apoptotic process requires further characterization. We also investigated whether these long-chain bases might be metabolized into ceramide in order to elicit their apoptotic action. We found that long-chain bases acted independently of ceramide in the induction of apoptosis, since addition of fumonisin B1, a fungal agent which effectively inhibits ceramide synthesis from sphingosine, did not protect against apoptosis. Additionally, we found that sphingosine-induced apoptosis was accompanied by activation of caspases. The functional role of caspases in this apoptotic process was examined by using specific caspase inhibitors. The general caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone, which exhibits a broad specificity for caspase-family proteases, effectively blocked sphingosine-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, our results indicate that caspase-3-like proteases, but not caspase-1, are activated during apoptosis triggered by sphingosine. Enhancement of caspase-3-like activity and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, an in vivo substrate for caspase-3, was clearly demonstrated in sphingosine-treated Hep3B cells. Considered together, these results suggest that caspase-3-like proteases participate in apoptotic cell death induced by sphingosine.
Pathway to Retinal Oximetry (2014)

Events and discoveries in oxygen monitoring over the past two centuries are presented as the background from which oximetry of the human retina evolved. Achievements and the people behind them are discussed, showing parallels between the work in tissue measurements and later in the eye. Developments in the two-wavelength technique for oxygen saturation measurements in retinal vessels are shown to exploit the forms of imaging technology available over time. The last section provides a short summary of the recent research in retinal diseases using vessel oximetry.
Luminescence of Cr3+ and energy transfer between Cr3+ and Nd3+ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet (1995)

The luminescence properties of Cr3+ ions and the energy transfer between Cr3+ and Nd3+ ions have been studied quantitatively in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). The energy level diagram and the emission spectrum of 4T2→4A2 transition of Cr3+ ions were calculated in this crystal using the single-configurational-coordination model and the absorption data. Our calculated Δ value (the energy difference between the 2E zero-vibrational level and the crossover point of 2E and 4T2 states), ∼730 cm−1 at room temperature, in contrast to the previously estimated value of ∼1000 cm−1, accounts for a variety of experimental results more satisfactorily. Both the 4T2 and 2E states of Cr3+ ions were found to contribute to the energy transfer to Nd3+ ions. The contribution of the former dominates at high temperatures and the latter at low temperatures. The thermal population distribution between the 4T2 and 2E states of Cr3+ ions was shown to be responsible for the temperature dependences of the Cr3+ luminescence properties and the Cr3+ to Nd3+ energy transfer processes. An electric dipole–dipole interaction mechanism was found to be adequate to describe the energy transfer process for temperatures up to about 400 K.
Pulsed-Interleaved Excitation FRET Measurements on Single Duplex DNA Molecules Inside C-Shaped Nanoapertures (2007)

Single-molecule fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) is a widely accepted method for determining the spatial separation between molecules. In combination with pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE), additional information about the stoichiometry of molecular interactions is obtained. PIE-FRET, however, as implemented with standard confocal optics, requires the dilution of the sample to biologically low concentrations. Here, we show that PIE-FRET measurements inside nanometer-sized apertures yield meaningful biochemical data at 1000 x higher concentrations.
Depletion regions in the aluminum-induced layer exchange process crystallizing amorphous Si (2005)

Annealing of aluminum/amorphous silicon bilayers below the eutectic temperature of the aluminum/silicon system leads to an exchange of the layer positions and a concurrent crystallization of silicon (aluminum-induced layer exchange). This letter discusses a model for the self-limited suppression of nucleation during the process. This characteristic feature is the reason why large grain sizes can be obtained. In our experiments, we combine nucleation caused by supersaturation and undercooling. Si depletion regions around existing grains are made visible. These experiments give direct proof of the idea that the suppression of nucleation occurs by Si depletion in the aluminum-induced layer exchange process.