gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topic Detection for Discussion Threads with Domain Knowledge (2010)

The online communities are becoming so popular along with the development of the web but indexing and searching for the discussion data are big challenges to current applications. Topic detection was proposed to solve the problem but the accuracy is still not satisfactory, mainly because key elements are usually implicit or ambiguous which literal content comparison cannot handle. In this paper, we propose to improve the basic topic detection model by combining domain knowledge. The domain knowledge can be automatically extracted from a collection of external knowledge sources and applied to the content analysis of the threads. Two approaches, i.e. the LDA and the Concept Mapping, are proposed to implement the knowledge extraction and integration. Experimental results show that both approaches make the detection accuracy outperform the previous model. The LDA approach achieves better overall performance while the Concept Mapping is more suitable for dynamic knowledge sources.
Raccoon Use of Den Trees and Plant Associations in Western Mesophytic Forests: Tree Attributes and Availability or Landscape Heterogeneity? (2012)

We monitored 15 radio-collared raccoons (Procyon lotor) on Davies Island in March 1987 - May 1988 to determine the extent to which individual tree attributes or spatial configuration of plant associations (habitat types) across the landscape influenced den use. Of 1091 verified den sites, 428 were in tree cavities. Raccoon occurrence among 4 cover types differed from that expected based on the total area of each across the island and varied across all seasons for all habitat types except Cedar Wood. Preference varied among age and sex groups and across seasons with some groups showing opposite selection for the same cover type in different seasons. Species and diameter-class distributions of selected den trees differed from a random sample of trees across the landscape. Species composition of trees with cavities also differed from the species composition across the study area. American beech (Fagus grandifolia—relative abundance 8.7%) was over-represented in the sample of trees with cavities (29.4%) and trees selected as dens (65%); diameter at breast height (dbh) of beech den trees averaged 80.0 cm, whereas all beech trees averaged 71.2 cm. For all species combined, mean dbh of den trees was 78.4 cm as compared to trees with cavities (67.6 cm), or all trees (50.4 cm). The relative availability of large, cavity-prone tree species was related to previous logging practices.
Managing the Calf at Calving Time (2008)

Perinatal mortality rates are increasing internationally, particularly in Holstein-Friesian primiparae. The prevalence of perinatal mortality in US dairy herds is currently 8%. This article outlines our current knowledge of bovine perinatal pathophysiology and presents practical guidelines on management of the calf at calving time. Biophysical profiling of the newborn calf, without sophisticated equipment, is the first step in diagnosing at-risk perinates. Resuscitative techniques adaptable for both the producer and the veterinarian are detailed. In addition, management of prolonged recumbence, hypothermia, failure to suck, umbilical antisepsis and calf movement after calving are discussed. Knowledge gaps constraining future progress towards better newborn calf management are highlighted. Finally, current topics in perinatal mortality are presented.
Two 7-R manipulators which provide controllably dexterous workspace (2003)

The controllably dexterous workspace of a tool-point is defined. A type-synthesis process, based on screw theory and geometry, is extended to identify two 7-R robots, each of which can provide the controllably dexterous workspace. The identification process is confined to those robots that control the motion of the end-effector with seven series-connected joints, the axes for the outermost three of which are concurrent. The result for each is a suitable set of angle dimensions for the links of the arm, where the angle choices are limited to the values 0, +or- pi /2, and pi . A geometric description of the kinematics for the dominant control function is included insofar as it is required to effect the identification. Also included are comments about motion planning in a controllably dexterous workspace.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
10.1016/0967-0653(93)90275-c (2000)

A method of handling hooked fish at intermediate depth was developed for species which occur deeper than conventional scuba depths. Juvenile pink snappers, Pristipomoides filamentosus, were hauled from 65-100 m to a depth of only 30 m, where the ambient pressure change was a fraction of that produced by hauling fish to the sea surface. This method afforded a unique opportunity to acoustically tag deepwater, physoclistous fish without the need to alter the fish's original swim bladder volume and without the high risk of further injury associated with surface handling. Tagged P. filamentosus survived and behaved well and were tracked successfully. This basic method could be applied to a variety of deepwater species in a number of research approaches, including tagging and dietary studies.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Potential Biolubricants based on Ricinoleic Acid (2010)

Abstract The desire to replace petroleum‐based materials with environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives has stimulated the development of vegetable oil‐based materials as biolubricants. Our studies have focused on molecules that might be produced by biosynthesis of genetically altered oilseed plants with limited post‐harvest modification. Various ricinoleate and 12‐hydroxystearate esters and estolides were synthesized and their melting points and viscosities were documented. The antifriction and antiwear properties of some esters were evaluated with a microtribometer. The purities of all the products were >98–99% by gas chromatography. Some of these compounds showed melting points, viscosities, and lubricity suitable for uses as biolubricants. Various ricinoleate esters acylated at the 12 positions with short‐chain acids were particularly promising.
Antisense Antibacterials: From Proof-Of-Concept to Therapeutic Perspectives (2012)

Recent years have witnessed several gram-negative bacteria (GNB) species and a few grampositive bacteria (especially the Staphylococcus aureus) posing overwhelming threats to the healthcare-associated infections as a series of frightening superbugs (Engel, 2010; Peleg & Hooper, 2010). It is primarily due to the fact that incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) or pan-drug resistance (PDR) bacteria have been escalating in a manner of global dimension, frequent prevalence and alarming magnitude. The predominate resistance issues are those related to GNB species, including Enterobacteriaceae (Deshpande & et al, 2010), Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Theses circulating isolates have created big problems for treatment of nosocomial infection because they carry highly transmissible elements encoding multiple resistance genes, e.g. extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) that inactivates different classes of first-line antibiotics (Bush, 2010; Engel, 2010), metallo-beta lactamase that hydrolyzes penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems, efflux pumps that decrease bacterial transporting ability to almost all antibiotics and natural antimicrobial products (Pages & et al, 2010), and promoters that ensure the transcription of these genes.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN JOINT BIOMECHANICS DURING WALKING Normative Study in Young Adults (1998)

The effect of gender on specific joint biomechanics during gait has been largely unexplored. Given the perceived, subjective, and temporal differences in walking between genders, we hypothesized that quantitative analysis would reveal specific gender differences in joint biomechanics as well. Sagittal kinematic (joint motion) and kinetic (joint torque and power) data from the lower limbs during walking were collected and analyzed in 99 young adult subjects (49 females), aged 20 to 40 years, using an optoelectronic motion analysis and force platform system. Kinetic data were normalized for both height and weight. Female and male data were compared graphically and statistically to assess differences in all major peak joint kinematic and kinetic values. Females had significantly greater hip flexion and less knee extension before initial contact, greater knee flexion moment in pre-swing, and greater peak mechanical joint power absorption at the knee in pre-swing (P < 0.0019 for each parameter). Other differences were noted (P < 0.05) that were not statistically significant when accounting for multiple comparisons. These gender differences may provide new insights into walking dynamics and may be important for both clinical and research studies in motivating the development of separate biomechanical reference databases for males and females.
The Impact of the Lambda Calculus in Logic and Computer Science (1997)

Abstract One of the most important contributions of A. Church to logic is his invention of the lambda calculus. We present the genesis of this theory and its two major areas of application: the representation of computations and the resulting functional programming languages on the one hand and the representation of reasoning and the resulting systems of computer mathematics on the other hand.
Radiation‐induced solid‐state polymerization of ring compounds (1962)

Abstract Ring compounds such as trioxane, β‐propiolactone, diketene, and 3,3‐bischloromethylcycloxabutane can be polymerized only in the solid state by γ‐radiation. These ring compounds polymerize by a ring‐opening, ionic mechanism to highly crystalline, high molecular weight, linear polymers. In general, the conversion vs. irradiation time curves reach a limiting value at relatively low yield. These saturation phenomena are due to the disruption of unreacted monomer lattice by the formed polymer. The polymers obtained from large‐monomer crystals are found to have outward appearances of large crystals which suggest the monomer crystalline lattice has influenced that of the polymer. Moreover, the polymers from large crystalline monomer have higher polymerization rate and better orientation of the crystallites, as ascertained through x‐ray diffraction and polarizing microscopic analyses. Polarizing microscopic photographs of the polymers show birefringence clearly. These facts indicate that the structure of the monomer lattice directly imposes order and orientation upon the polymer. X‐ray diffraction analyses show that the polydiketene chain has a spiral configuration and poly‐β‐propiolactone has a planar zigzag chain. Some consideration of the propagation mechanism in the crystalline state of 3,3‐bischloromethylcycloxabutene, γ‐propiolactone, diketene, and trioxane is made. Investigations of the binary systems with β‐propiolactone were carried out to determine the effects of additives upon the propagation mechanism.
MEK Inhibitor for Gastric Cancer with <i>MEK1</i> Gene Mutations (2014)

The prognosis for patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer remains poor. The identification of additional oncogenes with influences similar to those of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations, upon which the growth of cancer cells is dependent, is needed. In this study, we evaluated sensitivity to MEK inhibitors (GSK1120212 and PD0325901) in several gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and found three poorly differentiated gastric cancer cell lines that were hypersensitive to the inhibitors. The sequence analyses in these three cell lines revealed that one cell line had a novel MEK1 mutation, while the other two had previously reported KRAS and MEK1 mutations, respectively; the gene statuses of the other resistant cell lines were all wild-type. Experiments using MEK1 expression vectors demonstrated that the MEK1 mutations induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and had a transforming potential, enhancing the tumorigenicity. The MEK inhibitor dramatically reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced apoptosis in the cell lines with MEK1 mutations. In vivo, tumor growth was also dramatically decreased by an inhibitor. One of the 46 gastric cancer clinical samples that were examined had a MEK1 mutation; this tumor had a poorly differentiated histology. Considering the addiction of cancer cells to active MEK1 mutations for proliferation, gastric cancer with such oncogenic MEK1 mutations might be suitable for targeted therapy with MEK inhibitors.
c-rater:Automatic Content Scoring for Short Constructed Responses (2009)

The education community is moving towards constructed or free-text responses and computer-based assessment. At the same time, progress in natural language processing and knowledge representation has made it possible to consider free-text or constructed responses without having to fully understand the text. c-rater is a technology at Educational Testing Service (ETS) used for automatic content scoring for short, freetext responses. This paper describes some of the major developments made in c-rater recently.
The interplay between nonlinear effects in modern optical communications systems (2002)

Summary form only given. The authors review the guidelines for the design of modern optical communications systems, considering primarily the penalties and limitations posed by nonlinear effects in optical fibers. In WDM systems, nonlinear optical effects are traditionally divided into two categories. The first consists of intra-channel impairments where fiber nonlinearities interact with the transmitted waveform in a way that results in self imposed distortions, a mechanism known as self phase modulation. The second category consists of inter-channel effects, where the distortions experienced by one channel result from the propagation of other channels that are transmitted at other optical frequencies, mediated by fiber nonlinearities. The main nonlinear mechanisms that belong to this category are four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering.
STRING-MAN: Wire-robot technology for safe, flexible and human-friendly gait rehabilitation (2007)

The paper presents a novel concept of lightweight and inherently safe robotic systems for assisting the locomotion recovery therapy and training. This concept, referred to as STRING-MAN, is established on string-puppet idea and utilizes modular wire robot components and advanced artificial muscles drives. An overview of the system's fundamental components, such as mechanical structure, patient-machine interface, sensory systems, control algorithms, etc., is given in the paper. The results of initial experiments clearly demonstrate the benefits and potential of new concept. Finally further development of STRING-MAN idea towards practical and inherently safe robotic rehabilitation assistants has also been presented.
Inhibition of Mold in Bread By Dimethyl Fumarate (1982)

ABSTRACT Eleven batches of white bread containing 0–1.92g of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) or calcium propionate (CP) per kg flour were prepared by a sponge dough formulation. The loaves were packaged in polyethylene bags, stored at 22–23°C and 45–55% R.H., and periodically observed for visible signs of mold growth. The mold‐free shelf‐lives of loaves containing CP ranged from 16–30 days. Loaves containing 0.32g or more of DMF per kg flour exhibited no mold growth during 475 days of storage. The quality characteristics of loaves containing DMF, as determined by volume, firmness, % moisture, water activity and sensory evaluation were similar to those of loaves containing CP.
Tracking lava flow emplacement on the east rift zone of Kīlauea, Hawai‘i, with synthetic aperture radar coherence (2012)

Lava flow mapping is both an essential component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating lava flow behavior. Although maps are traditionally created through field surveys, remote sensing allows an extraordinary view of active lava flows while avoiding the difficulties of mapping on location. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, in particular, can detect changes in a flow field by comparing two images collected at different times with SAR coherence. New lava flows radically alter the scattering properties of the surface, making the radar signal decorrelated in SAR coherence images. We describe a new technique, SAR Coherence Mapping (SCM), to map lava flows automatically from coherence images independent of look angle or satellite path. We use this approach to map lava flow emplacement during the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō‐Kupaianaha eruption at Kīlauea, Hawai‘i. The resulting flow maps correspond well with field mapping and better resolve the internal structure of surface flows, as well as the locations of active flow paths. However, the SCM technique is only moderately successful at mapping flows that enter vegetation, which is also often decorrelated between successive SAR images. Along with measurements of planform morphology, we are able to show that the length of time a flow stays decorrelated after initial emplacement is linearly related to the flow thickness. Finally, we use interferograms obtained after flow surfaces become correlated to show that persistent decorrelation is caused by post‐emplacement flow subsidence.
Time-Voltage Area of the QRS for the Identification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (1996)

Standard electrocardiographic criteria have exhibited poor sensitivity for left ventricular hypertrophy at acceptable levels of specificity and perform less well in women than men, even when sex-specific criteria are used. The time-voltage integral of the horizontal plane vector QRS complex can improve identification of hypertrophy in men, but performance of this approach in women and the effect of sex-specific criteria on accuracy have not been examined. To evaluate the accuracy of the time-voltage integral of the QRS complex for the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in women and to examine the effect of sex-and non-sex-specific criteria on test performance, we obtained standard 12-lead and orthogonal-lead signal-averaged electrocardiograms and echocardiograms in 175 control subjects without hypertrophy (43 women and 132 men) and 75 patients with hypertrophy (26 women and 49 men) defined by echocardiographic criteria (indexed left ventricular mass > 110 g/m2 in women and > 125 g/m2 in men). Voltage of the QRS complex was integrated over the total QRS duration in leads X and Z for calculation of the time-voltage integral of the horizontal plane vector complex. With the use of a partition of 99.2 microV.s with a specificity of 98% in the entire normal group, sensitivity of the horizontal plane vector integral was significantly lower in women than men (31% versus 71%, P < .001). In contrast, use of sex-specific partitions of 75.4 microV.s in women and 99.2 microV.s in men with matched 98% specificity significantly improved sensitivity in women to 81% (P < .001), with no change in sensitivity in men (71%). Comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves with the use of sex-specific criteria demonstrated no significant difference in overall performance of the horizontal plane vector integral between men and women. The 81% and 71% sensitivities of the sex-specific horizontal plane vector integral were significantly greater than the 27% to 58% sensitivities of sex-specific 12-lead electrocardiographic criteria in this population. Thus, sex-specific criteria significantly improve performance of the time-voltage integral of the QRS for the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in women, with no loss of accuracy in men. Use of the time-voltage integral can improve the accuracy of the electrocardiogram for the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in both women and men.
Second Harmonic Generation in Composite Waveguides (1976)

Second harmonic generation in optical waveguides has been demonstrated using (1) a nonlinear guide and substrate, 1 (2) a nonlinear guide on a linear substrate, 2 (3) a linear guide on a nonlinear substrate with the harmonic coupled back into the guide, 3 and (4) a linear guide on a nonlinear substrate with the harmonic generated as Cerenkov radiation. 4
Morphological analysis for rule based machine translation (2011)

The Arabic language is a Semitic language and it exhibits systematic but complex morphological structure based on root-pattern design. The aim of the present paper is to propose a transfer-based approach using morphological analysis which induces a syntactic symmetry and morphology to improve machine translation system between Arabic and English. Both languages are highly asymmetrical in terms of morphological structures. Our system supposes segmentation the word in the morphologically rich language into the sequence of prefix (es)-stem-suffix (es). The system identifies morphemes to be merged or deleted in the morphologically rich language to make the desired morphological and syntactic symmetry. The technique applied aims to improve Arabic-to-English translation quality.
Recent advances in the synthesis of quinolines: a review (2014)

This review article gives information about the recent advances in the synthesis of quinoline derivatives by various eco-friendly, green and clean protocols.
Identification and biochemical analysis of mouse mutants deficient in cytoplasmic malic enzyme (1980)

During the biochemical screening of mutant enzymes in mice, individuals with an apparent nonfunctional allele at the locus (Mod-l) responsible for cytoplasmic malic enzyme were identified by starch gel electrophoresis and by enzyme activity measurements. A series of matings and genetic analyses were made, and mice homozygous for the nonfunctional or null allele (Mod-ln) were produced. The mutation appeared to occur spontaneously in the C57BL/6J strain. By double-immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoinactivation assays, the null mutants were shown to express no proteins that cross-react with the antiserum to cytoplasmic malic enzyme (CRM-negative). In liver homogenates of homozygous null mutants, lack of protein components that form complexes with IgG from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme specific antiserum was further demonstrated by passage of the original serum through a mutant liver homogenate--Sepharose column, where the postadsorbed serum retained its titer and specificity. The residual malic enzyme activity (< 10% of the normal) observed in various tissue homogenates of the homozygous null mutants was attributed to that of mitochondrial isozyme of malic enzyme. Assays of enzymes from tissues of different genotypes revealed no significant differences in activities of six other enzymes in the related metabolic pathways. However, in liver from mutant mice, a lower NADPH/NADP+ ratio was consistently observed in comparison to that from control mice. Both the mutant and the control mice of the same age were found to have comparable body weight and lipid content.
ISARA - Integrated Solar Array and Reflectarray CubeSat deployable Ka-band antenna (2015)

The Integrated Solar Array and Reflectarray Antenna (ISARA) is a new deployable antenna designed to fit into a standard CubeSat bus. It does not occupy payload volume, provides spacecraft prime power and imposes only a modest impact on overall mass. Measured data indicates that the 3 panel configuration achieves 33.5 dB gain at 26 GHz. Measured radiation patterns are in good agreement with calculations.
A review of the clinical use of anti-inflammatory therapies for reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction and stroke: where do we go from here? (2006)

A number of prominent studies have been conducted using anti-inflammatory therapies to reduce reperfusion injury in myocardial infarction and stroke. Unfortunately, most strategies have failed. This review summarizes in detail the human studies of anti-inflammatory therapy that have been conducted to date. The potential reasons for treatment failure will be discussed from a non-clinical perspective, as will lessons learned from these studies that might guide the design of future clinical studies in this important area.