gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A causal model for software cost estimating error (1998)

Software cost estimation is an important concern for software managers and other software professionals. The hypothesized model in this research suggests that an organization's use of an estimate influences its estimating practices which influence both the basis of the estimating process and the accuracy of the estimate. The model also suggests that the estimating basis directly influences the accuracy of the estimate. A study of business information systems managers and professionals at 112 different organizations using causal analysis with the Equations Modeling System (EQS) refined the model. The refined model shows that no managerial practice in this study discourages the use of intuition, guessing and personal memory in cost estimating. Although user commitment and accountability appear to foster algorithm-based estimating, such an algorithmic basis does not portend greater accuracy. Only one managerial practice-the use of the estimate in performance evaluations of software managers and professionals-presages greater accuracy. By implication, the research suggests somewhat ironically that the most effective approach to improve estimating accuracy may be to make estimators, developers and managers more accountable for the estimate even though it may be impossible to direct them explicitly on how to produce a more accurate one.
Human Sperm Motion Analysis By Automatic (Hamilton‐Thorn Motility Analyzer) and Manual (Image‐80) Digitization Systems (1990)

Two systems allowing quantitative, objective analysis of sperm movement were compared: 1) the Hamilton-Thorn Motility Analyzer (HTM), in which sperm images are digitized automatically, and 2) the Image-80, a modified image-analysis system in which sperm movement is digitized manually by hand tracing from videotape (Tessler and Olds-Clarke, 1985). Videotapes were made of human spermatozoa obtained by a swim-up procedure. The same videotape frames were analyzed by both systems. The mean percentage of motile spermatozoa was similar as judged by eye with either the HTM or Image-80 monitors and as reported by the HTM. For every motile spermatozoon, two motility parameters were calculated: linearity (a measure of track shape) and curvilinear velocity at 30 frames/second (a measure of track speed). When samples from five donors were averaged, there were no significant differences in mean linearity between automatic and manual systems. Also, linearity as reported by the HTM and Image-80 systems for the same track was significantly correlated (r = 0.72; N = 80). Whereas the absolute values for curvilinear velocity were slightly but significantly higher for the Image-80 system than for the HTM system, their correlation was also significant (r = 0.91). Since the two systems provide comparable data on percentage of motile sperm as well as speed and path shape parameters, this suggests that the HTM automatic digitization is accurate for images of human spermatozoa.
YAP1 Recruits c-Abl to Protect Angiomotin-Like 1 from Nedd4-Mediated Degradation (2012)

Our results uncover a novel function for cytoplasmic YAP1. YAP1 recruits c-Abl to protect AMOTL1 against Nedd4.2-mediated degradation. Thus, YAP1, excluded from the nucleus, contributes to the maintenance of tight junctions.
Thermophysical Measurements and Interfacial Adhesion Studies in Ultrathin Polymer Films Using Homodyne Photothermal Spectrometry (1993)

Homodyne laser photopyroelectric spectrometry (PPES) is a new photothermal detection scheme which uses electronic mixing to downshift a high-frequency swept wave photothermal response into a bandwidth of approximately one kilohertz. A rapid photopyroelectric impulse response is recovered from the downshifted component at high time resolution and is used, here, in two different geometries, to probe the thermal and interfacial properties of assemblies composed of submicron-thick-ness polymer films deposited on the metallized surface of a pyroelectric thin-film detector. In the thermal transmission mode geometry, the sample is excited by irradiation in a very thin opaque surface layer, and the transit time of a heat pulse through the sample to the pyroelectric transducer can be used to obtain a thickness or thermal diffusivity measurement. By the use of an inverse mode geometry, a metal/polymer interface is excited by irradiation of an optically transparent polymer thin-film sample attached to the metallized surface of the pyroelectric transducer. Heat flow at short distances from the bond interface can be monitored by the pyroelectric effect through the high time resolution of the homo-dyne photopyroelectric measurement. The combination of information obtained in these two geometries with an analysis of the thermal wave reflections which occur at interfaces between materials of dissimilar thermal effusivity can be used to evaluate relative interfacial adhesion between the metal and polymer layer.
Linear dispersion codes for MIMO systems based on frame theory (2002)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems provide high capacity due to the plurality of modes available in the channel. Existing signaling techniques for MIMO systems have focused primarily on multiplexing for high data rate or diversity for high link reliability. In this paper, we present a new linear dispersion code design for MIMO Rayleigh fading channels. The proposed design bridges the gap between multiplexing and diversity and yields codes that typically perform well both in terms of ergodic capacity as well as error probability. This is important because, as we show, designs performing well from an ergodic capacity point of view do not necessarily perform well from an error probability point of view. Various techniques are presented for finding codes with good error probability performance. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate performance of some example code designs in terms of ergodic capacity, codeword error probability, and bit error probability.
The Case of Saint William of York (1936)

The complicated series of disputes which followed the York election of 1140–1 is familiar in broad outline to all students of the period. From a small beginning the strife came to involve almost every person of importance in England, and many on the Continent, and lasted, in its ramifications, for some twenty years. Yet the history of this controversy, though it could not fail to receive some notice in any detailed account of the times, has not hitherto been set out in full with complete accuracy. This failure has been due in part to the nature of the records, which are scattered among English chronicles, papal documents and Cistercian sources, and can only be fully used by one who has them all before his eyes simultaneously; many of those who have treated the episode obiter have failed thus to assemble them with completeness. In part also it has been due to gaps in the evidence at more than one crucial point, which have thrown all historians back upon conjecture. These gaps, in part, still exist, but it so happens that within the last few years a number of independent studies have reconstructed much of the narrative that was hitherto dark, and some important documents have come to light; it is therefore possible to arrive at something approaching to a clear view of the whole business.
Deoximation of Oximes with 2-Iodylbenzoic Acid in Water in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin (2003)

Oximes of various aldehydes and ketones can be converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds at room temperature in impressive yields with 2-iodylbenzoic acid in water in the presence of β-cyclodextrin.
Endocronological and behavioural effects of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) oral administration to broody turkey hens (Meleagris gallopavo) (1989)

Changes in plasma levels of prolactin and LH, feed intake, water consumption, behavioural pattern and ovarian activity were recorded after oral administration of PCPA to broody turkey hens. A decrease in prolactin concentration was measured, from day 3, in 3 out of the 5 birds treated with 100 mg PCPA/kg body weight (BW) for 3 consecutive days. In these hens, broodiness was disrupted on day 6 and feeding activity subsequently increased to levels of photorefractory hens. Neither LH concentrations nor ovarian activity were affected after treatment with PCPA. Moreover, PCPA treatment was ineffective at a 50 mg/kg BW dose. These results confirm that a serotoninergic mechanism is probably involved in prolactin release and moreover suggest that prolactin is implicated in maintaining broody behaviour. However, the reductions in the plasma concentration of prolactin induced by PCPA were not sufficient to restore the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis to a physiological status characteristic of the laying hen. Therefore, PCPA does not appear to be a useful method of treating broodiness in commercial turkey hens.
Erratum: Quartz optical waveguide by ion implantation (1974)

First Page
Relevant document retrieval using a spoken document (2009)

In this paper, we proposed a method of retrieving documents from the world wide Web using a spoken document as a ldquokey.rdquo This method can be viewed as a speech version of an ordinary relevant document retrieval, where a text document is used as a query of retrieval. Basically the retrieval is based on an automatic transcription of a spoken document using a speech recognizer. The difficult point of this task is that the automatic transcription contains many recognition errors, therefore we cannot trust keywords extracted from the automatic transcription using conventional method such as tfmiddotidf. To solve this problem, we developed three methods. The first one is to measure relevance of a keyword to the spoken document by using Web documents retrieved using a Web search engine by specifying the keyword as a query. The second one is to compose a query from the selected keywords so that words derive from misrecognitions are excluded and similar words are gathered. The third one is to measure relevance of a downloaded Web document to the spoken document. The experimental results suggest that the proposed methods are promising for retrieving relevant documents of a spoken document.
Road information systems; impact of geographic information systems technology to automatic vehicle navigation and guidance (2003)

A prototype road information system being developed at the University is a special-purpose geographic information system that collects, organizes, and disseminates information related to the street and highway networks of a city or region. The basic structure is the road and street network made up of a series of nodes and links, by which attributes from different applications can be referenced. The structure, if properly designed, can serve many applications such as route determination and guidance, commercial and service information provision, dispatching and monitoring of fleet vehicles, and road inventory and traffic management. The current research effort of the prototype concentrates on data modeling, spatial database management, communications, and real-time applications for the many automatic vehicle location, navigation, and guidance systems presently being developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A software‐defined radio based cognitive radio demonstration over FM band (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we present a software‐defined radio (SDR) based cognitive radio (CR) implementation and demonstration over the frequency modulation (FM) band. Using GNU Radio as the software platform and USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) SDR boards as the hardware solution, we implement and demonstrate a CR that autonomously senses the entire FM band, detects all the active FM stations (occupied bands) as well as the spectrum holes (non‐occupied bands), exploits the available spectrum holes to transmit secondary users' data without interference with the existing FM transmission. Moreover, we demonstrate that when a primary user's transmission returns to its allocated spectrum band after a period of absence, the CR automatically adapts its transmission and hands off to a different spectrum hole that is available to avoid interference with the returning primary user. Moreover, we have proposed, implemented, and demonstrated a frequency hopping scheme over multiple spectrum holes to support multiple secondary users while attaining the minimum interference among the users. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Okadaic acid-induced, naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of glycine N-methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes (2003)

Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is an abundant cytosolic enzyme that catalyses the methylation of glycine into sarcosine, coupled with conversion of the methyl donor, S -adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), into S -adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). GNMT is believed to play a role in monitoring the AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio, and hence the cellular methylation capacity, but regulation of the enzyme itself is not well understood. In the present study, treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, was found to induce an overphosphorylation of GNMT, as shown by proteomic analysis. The analysis comprised two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation of (32)P-labelled phosphoproteins and identification of individual protein spots by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The identity of GNMT was verified by N-terminal Edman sequencing of tryptic peptides. Chromatographic separation of proteolytic peptides and (32)P-labelled amino acids suggested that GNMT was phosphorylated within a limited region, and only at serine residues. GNMT phosphorylation could be suppressed by naringin, an okadaic acid-antagonistic flavonoid. To assess the possible functional role of GNMT phosphorylation, the effect of okadaic acid on hepatocytic AdoMet and AdoHcy levels was examined, using HPLC separation for metabolite analysis. Surprisingly, okadaic acid was found to have no effect on the basal levels of AdoMet or AdoHcy. An accelerated AdoMet-AdoHcy flux, induced by the addition of methionine (1 mM), was likewise unaffected by okadaic acid. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, an activator of the hepatocytic AMP-activated protein kinase, similarly induced GNMT phosphorylation without affecting AdoMet and AdoHcy levels. Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by dibutyryl-cAMP, reported to cause GNMT phosphorylation under cell-free conditions, also had little effect on hepatocytic AdoMet and AdoHcy levels. Phosphorylation of GNMT would thus seem to play no role in regulation of the intracellular AdoMet/AdoHcy ratio, but could be involved in other GNMT functions, such as the binding of folates or aromatic hydrocarbons.
Investigating the impact of recommendation agents on e-commerce ecosystem (2017)

The influence of recommendation agents on e-commerce ecosystem is profound. Technological impact of predictive intelligence could be explained more reasonably by taking a collective perspective. However, the ecosystem perspective has only served as a prologue for discussion regarding technological influence. The lack of research development associated with the technological influence on business in the ecological lens has constrained our understanding of the penetration and the role of technology in business ecosystem evolution. This paper therefore focuses on the impact of recommendation agents for online shopping environment on e-commerce ecosystem. Moreover, this paper observes and explains the phenomena that most participants in the e-commerce ecosystem are taking recommendation agents as one of the strategic technological investments towards further development as a common goal.
Atomic resolution images of solid-liquid interfaces (1987)

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can provide atomic-resolution images of solids covered with a variety of liquids, including cryogenic fluids, both polar and nonpolar solvents, conductive aqueous solutions, oils, and even greases. This short overview includes images of solids covered with liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, paraffin oil, silicone oil, microscope immersion oil, silicone vacuum grease, fluorocarbon grease, glycerol, and salt water. These images show atoms, charge-density waves, grains in an evaporated metal film, and even corrosion processes as they occur in real time. The future includes not only basic research in surface science but also applied research in lithography, lubrication, catalysis, corrosion, electrochemistry, and perhaps even biology.
ProC Global: the first functional screening assay for the complete protein C pathway. (1997)

In clinical practice, venous thromboembolic complications are much more frequent than bleeding disorders. In fact, disturbances within the protein C pathway due to coagulation factor V (FV) Leiden mutation and deficiency of protein C or protein S are the most frequent abnormalities in hereditary thrombophilia. Furthermore, acquired dysfunctions of the protein C system may predispose the single individual to an increased thrombotic risk. A routine-suited screening assay that would allow the monitoring of the proper interplay of factors in the protein C pathway could add an important factor to the basic coagulation profile. This consists of the prothrombin time and of the activated partial thromboplastin time, which currently allow only a screening for increased risk for bleeding but not for venous thromboembolism. A new functional screening test for the protein C system such as the presented ProC Global should therefore facilitate detection of FV Leiden as well as deficiency of protein C and protein S. The results of the present evaluation indicate that ProC Global is highly sensitive to activated protein C resistance/FV Leiden (100%) and protein C deficiency (90%) and sensitive to protein S deficiency (63%). Furthermore, the assay gives a quantitative measure of the net potential of the protein C pathway in relation to the intrinsic procoagulant system. The use of this assay for a prospective assessment of thromboembolic risk is the subject of current studies.
Pneumolysin PCR-Based Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Children (1999)

Blood-based pneumolysin PCR was compared to blood culture and detection of pneumolysin immune complexes, as well as to detection of antibodies to pneumolysin and to C polysaccharide, in the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in 75 febrile children. Invasive pneumococcal infection was suspected on clinical grounds in 67 of the febrile children, and viral infection was suspected on clinical grounds in 8 of the febrile children. In addition, 15 healthy persons were examined to test the specificity of the PCR assay. Plasma, serum, and leukocyte fractions were analyzed by PCR. The combination of all test results led to the diagnosis of pneumococcal infection in 25 patients. Pneumolysin PCR was positive in 44% of these children, an increase occurred in the pneumolysin antibodies in 39% and in the C polysaccharide antibodies in 30% of the patients; pneumolysin immune complexes were found in convalescent serum in 30%, pneumolysin immune complexes occurred in acute-phase serum samples in 16%, and a positive blood culture was found in 20% of the patients. None of the healthy controls had positive results by PCR. The results suggest that the diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection from blood samples necessitates the use of several different assays. Pneumolysin PCR was the most sensitive assay, but its clinical value is reduced by the fact that three blood fractions are needed.
A Custom Precision Based Architecture for Accelerating Parallel Tempering MCMC on FPGAs without Introducing Sampling Error (2012)

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a method used to draw samples from probability distributions in order to estimate - otherwise intractable - integrals. When the distribution is complex, simple MCMC becomes inefficient and advanced, computationally intensive MCMC methods are employed to make sampling possible. This work proposes a novel streaming FPGA architecture to accelerate Parallel Tempering, a widely adopted MCMC method designed to sample from multimodal distributions. The proposed architecture demonstrates how custom precision can be intelligently employed without introducing sampling errors, in order to save resources and increase the sampling throughg put. Speedups of up to two orders of magnitude compared to software and 1.53x-76.88x compared to a GPGPU implementation are achieved when performing Bayesian inference for a mixture model.
Laser-assisted lead extraction: the European experience (2007)

Pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads can safely, effectively, and predictably be extracted. Open-heart extractions can be limited to special cases. The results indicate that the traditional policy of abandoning redundant leads, instead of removing them, may be obsolete in many patients.
Chemie der 2,3‐Dihydro‐2,3‐diminofurane (1982)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen 6 gehen mit Nucleophilen Kondensationsreaktionen in der 3 ‐Stellung ein, oder reagieren unter Ringöffnung und ‐umlagerung, wobei 2,3‐Furandione 2, 2,3 ‐Pyrroldione 3 sowie die 3‐Oxime, 3‐Imine und 3‐Hydrazone 5, 10, 11, 15 dieser Verbindungen und weiterhin 3‐Butenamide 8 und 5‐ bzw. 3‐Pyrazolcarboxamide 13, 14 gebildet werden. Mit Heterokumule‐nen 19, 21 und Thioglycolsäure ( 18 ) erfolgen meist [2 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen bzw. 2,3‐Cyclokondensationen nur an der β‐Iminogruppe, die zu Spiro[azetidin‐2,3′(2′‐ H )‐furanen] 23 , Spiro[furan‐3(2 H ),2′‐[2 H ‐1,3,5]thiadiazinen] 20 , dem Spiro[3 H ‐pyrrol‐3,2′‐[1,3]thiazolidin) 17 und dem Spiro[furan‐2(3 H ),2′‐[1,3]thiazolidin] 26 führen. In einer [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition unter Beteiligung beider Iminogruppen wird das Furo[2,3‐ b ]pyrazin 24 gebildet. Diese Ringsysteme sind noch nicht beschrieben worden.
STUDIES ON HOMOGENEOUS FIRST ORDER GAS REACTIONS: I. THE DECOMPOSITION OF ETHYLIDENE DIACETATE (1931)

The decomposition represented by the general equation[Formula: see text]has been found to take place according to the monomolecular law. In the case of the several homologous esters already investigated at pressures above 10 cm. of mercury the reaction is entirely homogeneous, is uninfluenced by the presence of inert gases and obeys the Arrhenius equation. This paper describes the experimental method and deals with the decomposition of ethylidene diacetate to acetaldehyde and acetic anhydride at temperatures of 220° to 268 °C. and at initial pressures of 11 to 46 cm. of mercury. The heat of activation is 32900 cal./mol and the velocity constants (sec −1 ) are given by the equation, ln [Formula: see text]. The theoretical significance of the data is discussed.
The Role of Hydroperoxide in Engine Wear and the Effect of ZnDDP/Dispersant/Detergent Interactions (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine wear, particularly that of the valve train, was examined in motored 2.2L and 2.3L engines. Procedures were developed which involved addition of synthetic hydroperoxide to the crank-case oil to simulate fired engine conditions. Cam lobe and follower wear occurred, apparently as a result of direct attack by the hydroperoxide on rubbing surfaces. This type of hydroperoxide-induced wear was identified in a fired bench engine test and in a field test. Similar hydroperoxide-induced wear was also observed in the lesser loaded engine contact areas such as bearings. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a useful tool to the understanding of the structure and antioxidant antiwear properties of ZnDDP and its interactions with dispersant/detergent combinations.</div>