gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MONITORING POPULATIONS OF THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH, TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA, USING PHEROMONE LURES (1996)

Webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, is a world-wide pest of clothing and textiles in domestic environments and also causes serious damage to textiles and ethnographic material in museum collections. Monitoring traps are an important component of pest control programmes but sticky traps without lures are not always very effective for the detection of moth adults. The female-produced pheromone was identified by Yamaoka in 1985 but it is only recently that the second component has been accurately identified, and a stable synthetic mixture of the two components is now available in a lure. The paper describes the results of trials in the UK and USA where the performance of synthetic Tineola bisselliella pheromone lures has been evaluated in practical situations. Traps were successfully used to monior moth populations in museums and stores, and the results show that traps with the lures caught about 20 times the number of moths caught on similar but unbaited traps. The value of lure-based traps for the early detection of adult moths is discussed together with proposals for the use of pheromone traps in pest management programmes.
Three Dimensional Signed Euclidean Distance Transform and Its Applications (2003)

The researches for distance transform have long history in image processing. In this paper, we extend two dimensional signed distance transform to three dimension, optimize it and analyze its computational complexity. Furthermore, we apply it to computer graphics. Firstly, it can be employed to transform the triangular mesh representation of graphics model into its distance field representation. By the three dimensional signed distance transform on the voxel representation of a graphics model, the global search for the point, which is closest to a given space point and on the graphical model, can be simplified to a local search. It greatly reduces the computational complexity. Secondly, and similarly, it can be employed to calculate the minimum distance between two pieces of surfaces in the space.
Apolipoproteins, lipids and risk of cancer (2016)

The epidemiological evidence for an obesity-cancer association is solid, whereas the association between obesity-associated lipoprotein levels and cancer is less evident. We investigated circulating levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and association to risk of overall cancer and common cancer forms. The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a population-based prospective cohort study, enrolled 17,035 women and 11,063 men (1991-1996). Incident cancer cases were ascertained by record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Registry until end of follow-up, January 1, 2012. Baseline serum levels of ApoA1 and ApoB were analyzed for the entire cohort and HDL-C and LDL-C levels in 5,281 participants. Hazard ratios, with 95% confidence interval, were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards analysis. In the entire cohort, none of the exposures were related to overall cancer risk (HRadj ApoA1 = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.95,1.01; HRadj ApoB = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.98-1.04). Among men, ApoB was positively associated with cancer risk (HRadj ApoB = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01,1.10). Female breast cancer risk was inversely associated with ApoB (HRadj = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86,0.99). Among both genders, ApoA1 was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (HRadj = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80,0.97), whereas high ApoB increased lung cancer risk (HRadj = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.99,1.18). Colorectal cancer risk was increased with high ApoB (HRadj = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01,1.16) among both genders. Apolipoprotein levels were not associated with prostate cancer incidence. Circulating levels of apolipoproteins are associated with overall cancer risk in men and across both genders with breast, lung and colorectal cancer risk. Validation of these findings may facilitate future primary prevention strategies for cancer.
Password-based single-file encryption and secure data deletion for solid-state drive (2014)

Recently, SSD sales are on the steady rise. The reason of sales is that SSD is faster and smaller than HDD. Therefore SSD serves as a typical alternative to HDD. In fact, SSD considerably emulates the technology of HDD such as the communication protocol and hardware interfaces. So, the technology of HDD can quickly be adapted to SSD. However, SSD slightly differ from HDD in the way of storing, managing and accessing the data. Because of the difference between SSD and HDD, it is possible that technology and command of HDD are not accurately operated on SSD. So various problems on the technology of SSD have occurred gradually including encryption and deletion. To solve this problem, we have to analyze the method of data encryption and secure data deletion suitable for SSD. In this paper, we research significant technology and security problem relevant to SSD. On the basis of analysis about SSD problems, we propose the password-based single-file encryption and secure data deletion for SSD and compare the previous researches with proposed method.
A simple non-linear model for the effect of partial shade on PV systems (2010)

The effect of shade from one PV module on another is incorporated into a model for the power generated by PV systems. The model is calibrated with data from the Tucson Electric Power solar test yard. Shade de-rating factors from the model are compared with data every minute of the day and every day of the year. The model is then used to predict final yields (kWh/kW <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DC</sub> ) for different PV system deployments with various (non-tracking) module orientations and ground-cover ratios. Several heuristics are put forth to help understand how the observed non-linear response to shade can impact the yield from PV systems. In one example, we find that a PV system deployed in the Tucson Electric Power solar test yard could produce 22% more kWh for the month of December (and 3.8% more annually) if the modules were separated by twice as much distance. In another example, we predict that a system in Tucson with south-facing modules at 12-degrees from horizontal can generate 1.5 times as many kWh/yr per square-meter of land compared to a system with modules at 32-degrees (the latitude angle). These examples emphasize the non-linear impact of partial shade on PV system performance.
The Identification and Optimization of Orally Efficacious, Small Molecule VLA-4 Antagonists (2004)

The identification of orally active, small molecule antagonists of the alpha4beta1 integrin, VLA-4, could lead to therapeutic agents with utility in a number of clinical settings, including asthma, multiple sclerosis and IBD. Starting from CDR3 sequences conserved among neutralizing alpha4 antibodies, peptides were identified that antagonized VLA-4 mediated adhesion in vitro. Through a series of structural modifications, these peptides evolved into small molecules that exhibited high potency and selectivity for VLA-4 in cell adhesion assays. Finally, through the optimization of physical and pharmacokinetic properties, compounds were identified that exhibited oral activity in animal models of asthma and multiple sclerosis.
Communication Rules for the Display of Emotions in Organizational Settings (2002)

Using a sample of employees from a wide range of occupations, this research examines the general communication rules that govern emotion management in all aspects of organizational involvement— with coworkers and not just customers. Through content analysis of examples of both appropriate and inappropriate displays or masking of positive and negative emotions, results showed that (a) maintaining “professionalism” is central to appropriate emotion management, (b) positive emotions, not just negative emotions, need to be displayed in appropriate ways, and (c) the appropriate display of negative emotions typically means masking those emotions. This leads to a broader view of the role of emotions in organizational communication, one that is frequently overlooked in the rational paradigm that permeates organizational research.
Beta-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling in the Heart (2008)

Beta-arrestin is a multifunctional adapter protein well known for its role in G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization. Exciting new evidence indicates that beta-arrestin is also a signaling molecule capable of initiating its own G-protein-independent signaling at GPCRs. One of the best-studied beta-arrestin signaling pathways is the one involving beta-arrestin-dependent activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK). ERK signaling, which is classically activated by agonist stimulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), can be activated by a number of GPCRs in a beta-arrestin-dependent manner. Recent work in animal models of heart failure suggests that beta-arrestin-dependent activation of EGFR/ERK signaling by the beta-1-adrenergic receptor, and possibly the angiotensin II Type 1A receptor, are cardioprotective. Hence, a new model of signaling at cardiac GPCRs has emerged and implicates classical G-protein-mediated signaling with promoting harmful remodeling in heart failure, while concurrently linking beta-arrestin-dependent, G-protein-independent signaling with cardioprotective effects. Based on this paradigm, a new class of drugs could be identified, termed "biased ligands", which simultaneously block harmful G-protein signaling, while also promoting cardioprotective beta-arrestin-dependent signaling, leading to a potential breakthrough in the treatment of chronic cardiac disease.
Unbiased Quantitation of Escherichia coli Membrane Proteome Using Phase Transfer Surfactants (2009)

We developed a sample preparation protocol for rapid and unbiased analysis of the membrane proteome using an alimentary canal-mimicking system in which proteases are activated in the presence of bile salts. In this rapid and unbiased protocol, immobilized trypsin is used in the presence of deoxycholate and lauroylsarcosine to increase digestion efficiency as well as to increase the solubility of the membrane proteins. Using 22.5 microg of Escherichia coli whole cell lysate, we quantitatively demonstrated that membrane proteins were extracted and digested at the same level as soluble proteins without any solubility-related bias. The recovery of membrane proteins was independent of the number of transmembrane domains per protein. In the analysis of the membrane-enriched fraction from 22.5 microg of E. coli cell lysate, the abundance distribution of the membrane proteins was in agreement with that of the membrane protein-coding genes when this protocol, coupled with strong cation exchange prefractionation prior to nano-LC-MS/MS analysis, was used. Because this protocol allows unbiased sample preparation, protein abundance estimation based on the number of observed peptides per protein was applied to both soluble and membrane proteins simultaneously, and the copy numbers per cell for 1,453 E. coli proteins, including 545 membrane proteins, were successfully obtained. Finally, this protocol was applied to quantitative analysis of guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate-dependent signaling in E. coli wild-type and relA knock-out strains.
Analysis of the Contact Deformation of Tread Blocks (1992)

Abstract The deformation behavior of a tire in contact with the roadway is complicated, in particular, under the traction and braking conditions. A tread rubber block in contact with the road undergoes compression and shearing forces. These forces may cause the loss of contact at the edges of the block. Theoretical analysis based on the energy method is presented on the contact deformation of a tread rubber block subjected to compressive and shearing forces. Experimental work and numerical calculation by means of the finite element method are conducted to verify the predicted results. Good agreement is obtained among these analytical, numerical, and experimental results.
Fast Vocabulary-Independent Audio Search Based on Syllable Confusion Network Indexing in Mandarin Spontaneous Speech (2007)

This paper presents a fast vocabulary-independent audio search method in Mandarin spontaneous speech which is based on syllable confusion network (SCN) indexing. Confusion network is linear and naturally suitable for indexing. The feasibility of using syllable confusion network as lattice representation is firstly investigated. Since direct syllabic decoding may not have a very high accuracy, long- span decoding units such as syllable collocation and word are also explored respectively. To handle spontaneous speech with high error rate and irregular prosody, syllable confusion matrix (SCM) is applied here to calculate the relevance score. Experiments carried out on conversational corpora for the keyword spotting task in the Chinese 2005 863 Evaluation show that this method can not only yield highly compact SCN lattices with syllable graph density (SGD) of 3.83, but also achieve an equal error rate (EER) of 32.45%, which is about 33% relatively reduction when comparing with the baseline top-1-based search method with an EER of 48.72%.
Application of magnetization transfer at 3.0 T in three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography of the intracranial arteries (2002)

MT at 3.0 T can significantly improve background suppression in 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the intracranial arteries without exceeding SAR guidelines.
Salt Tolerance, Ion Relations and the Effect of Root Medium on the Response of Citrus to Salinity (1995)

This paper describes the ion relations of two citrus genotypes, Etrog citron (Citrus medica L.), a salt-sensitive genotype, and Rangpur lime (Citrus reticulata var. austera hybrid?), a salt-tolerant genotype, under conditions of high NaCl concentrations. Root morphology was modified by establishing seedlings for 6 months in solution or sand culture. When established in sand culture, both genotypes displayed a high efficiency, relative to plants established in solution culture, to exclude Na from leaves, but differed in their capacities to exclude Cl; this capacity was much lower in Etrog citron than Rangpur lime. The net Cl root to shoot transport rates over 7 weeks for Etrog citron and Rangpur lime, treated with 50 mol m-3 NaCl, were 0.25 and 0.07 μmol g-1 root FW h-1, respectively. The net transport rates of Cl in Etrog citron were 10 times those in Rangpur lime between weeks 4 and 7. In Rangpur lime Cl reached pseudo steady-state levels in root and leaf tissue by week 4, thereafter, the net Cl root to shoot transport rate of Rangpur lime decreased while the rates in Etrog citron increased. The accumulation of Na and Cl in leaves of Rangpur lime, in contrast to Etrog citron, was not affected by transpiration. The high salt tolerance of Rangpur lime appears to be associated with low rates of net uptake and transport of Cl, feedback control of net root to shoot transport by Cl levels in the shoot, a low interaction between water flow and Cl and Na fluxes, and a reduction in the leafiroot ratio in response to salinity. When plants were established in solution culture the pioneer roots became elongated and the normal development of the laterals into a fibrous root system was suppressed. Plants of both genotypes, previously established in solution culture and then treated with 50 mol m-3 NaCl, accumulated levels of Na and Cl in leaves up to 200-400 mol m-3. Under these conditions the rates of net Cl root to shoot transport over the 7 weeks were 0.53 and 0.56 μmol g-1 root FW h-1 for Etrog citron and Rangpur lime, respectively. These high rates of Cl uptake and transport were attributed to changes in root permeability and increases in passive ion fluxes. Keywords: citrus, root morphology, root medium, transpiration, Cl, Na, salt accumulation, salinity.
Simultaneous Detection of Seven Human Coronaviruses by Multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF MS (2021)

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are associated with a range of respiratory symptoms. The discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant threat to human health. In this study, we developed a method (HCoV-MS) that combines multiplex PCR with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), to detect and differentiate seven HCoVs simultaneously. The HCoV-MS method had high specificity and sensitivity, with a 1–5 copies/reaction detection limit. To validate the HCoV-MS method, we tested 163 clinical samples, and the results showed good concordance with real-time PCR. Additionally, the detection sensitivity of HCoV-MS and real-time PCR was comparable. The HCoV-MS method is a sensitive assay, requiring only 1 μL of a sample. Moreover, it is a high-throughput method, allowing 384 samples to be processed simultaneously in 30 min. We propose that this method be used to complement real-time PCR for large-scale screening studies.
Genetics and physiology of sex determination in dioecious plants (1985)

Genetique et physiologie de la determination du sexe chez les plantes dioiques. Cannabis sativa, Vitis vinifera, Asparagus officinalis, Humulus lupulus et Actinidia chinensis
Multi-class least squares classification at binary-classification complexity (2011)

This paper deals with multi-class classification problems. Many methods extend binary classifiers to operate a multi-class task, with strategies such as the one-vs-one and the one-vs-all schemes. However, the computational cost of such techniques is highly dependent on the number of available classes. We present a method for multi-class classification, with a computational complexity essentially independent of the number of classes. To this end, we exploit recent developments in multifunctional optimization in machine learning. We show that in the proposed algorithm, labels only appear in terms of inner products, in the same way as input data emerge as inner products in kernel machines via the so-called the kernel trick. Experimental results on real data show that the proposed method reduces efficiently the computational time of the classification task without sacrificing its generalization ability.
Protection against autoimmune disease by bacterial agents. II. PPD and pertussis toxin as proteins active in protecting mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1993)

Bordetella pertussis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, routinely used to promote the development of autoimmune disease, were recently reported to also be effective in inducing protection against an autoimmune disease. Thus, we previously demonstrated that SJL/J and (SJL/J x BALB/c)F1 mice that are genetically susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) become highly refractory to the induction of the disease following their exposure to B. pertussis and M. tuberculosis. In the present study, the pertussis toxin (PT) from B. pertussis and the purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. tuberculosis, were found to be sufficient to fully protect against EAE and thus may be the major bacterial components responsible for conferring protection. The 65-kDa heat-shock protein played only a marginal role in the protection against EAE induced by these bacteria. Both PT and PPD were protective when given before, but not after, the encephalitogenic challenge, and minute amounts (5-50 ng) emulsified in oil were sufficient to confer long-lasting resistance to EAE. The effect of PT or PPD on EAE differed from that of mitogens or bacterial superantigens, suggesting that their protection ability was not attributable merely to mitogenic or superantigenic properties. The mechanism of protection is not yet clear. Preliminary studies revealed a complex mechanism of protection whereby PPD and PT may operate differently. Thus, only PPD-induced, but not PT-induced, protection was transferrable by CD4+ T lymphocytes bearing an alpha beta T cell antigen receptor. Neither PT nor PPD had a protective effect on EAE mediated by preformed pathogenic T lymphocytes and it is most likely that they exert their protection by affecting the development of such T lymphocytes. How bacteria such as B. pertussis and M. tuberculosis can either enhance the development of an autoimmune disease or protect against the disease is not yet clear. However, identifying PT and PPD as the bacterial components active in protection may allow a better understanding of the modulatory effects of bacteria and point to the potential use of such bacterial products in immunomodulation of autoimmune diseases.
Single Nanorod Devices for Battery Diagnostics: A Case Study on LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (2009)

This paper presents single nanostructure devices as a powerful new diagnostic tool for batteries with LiMn(2)O(4) nanorod materials as an example. LiMn(2)O(4) and Al-doped LiMn(2)O(4) nanorods were synthesized by a two-step method that combines hydrothermal synthesis of beta-MnO(2) nanorods and a solid state reaction to convert them to LiMn(2)O(4) nanorods. lambda-MnO(2) nanorods were also prepared by acid treatment of LiMn(2)O(4) nanorods. The effect of electrolyte etching on these LiMn(2)O(4)-related nanorods is investigated by both SEM and single-nanorod transport measurement, and this is the first time that the transport properties of this material have been studied at the level of an individual single-crystalline particle. Experiments show that Al dopants reduce the dissolution of Mn(3+) ions significantly and make the LiAl(0.1)Mn(1.9)O(4) nanorods much more stable than LiMn(2)O(4) against electrolyte etching, which is reflected by the magnification of both size shrinkage and conductance decrease. These results correlate well with the better cycling performance of Al-doped LiMn(2)O(4) in our Li-ion battery tests: LiAl(0.1)Mn(1.9)O(4) nanorods achieve 96% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C rate at room temperature, and 80% at 60 degrees C, whereas LiMn(2)O(4) shows worse retention of 91% at room temperature, and 69% at 60 degrees C. Moreover, temperature-dependent I-V measurements indicate that the sharp electronic resistance increase due to charge ordering transition at 290 K does not appear in our LiMn(2)O(4) nanorod samples, suggesting good battery performance at low temperature.
XML Syntax Conscious Compression (2006)

XML is the standard format of content representation and sharing on the Web. XML is a highly verbose language, especially regarding the duplication of meta-data in the form of elements and attributes. As XML content is becoming more widespread so is the demand to compress XML data volume. The paper presents the best XML compression ratios reported to date. Its advantage over other XML compression techniques is that it uses syntactic information to enhance compression. Therefore, it is a fully syntactic based XML compression. The syntactic information is parsed from XML documents by an innovative XML parser. We developed a new XML parser-generator for that purpose. Our parser-generator is based on a syntactic dictionary (DTD, XML-Schema, etc.) of the XML in order to create an efficient and compact XML parsers. This XML parser-generator is adopted to streaming technologies and can be used in a wide variety of XML applications such as validators, converters, gateways, routers, browsers editors etc. The parsers' symbols are encoded by a partial prediction matching (PPM) codec. We compare between the performance of our algorithm and other existing XML compression techniques. The proposed compression algorithm achieves better compression ratio in comparison to other XML compression techniques that do not utilize syntactic structure. The superiority of our compression technique is more evident when it is tested on XML data sets that contain only tags and not free text