gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ocular Effects of the Endothelins (1991)

Endothelins (ETs) are a family of potent vasoactive peptides present in the eye. In the rabbit eye, both ET-1 and ET-3 are present in high concentrations in the iris and ciliary body and in lower concentrations elsewhere. Forty-eight hours after injection of 2.5 micrograms of ET-1 and ET-3 into the anterior vitreous of conscious rabbits, intraocular pressure was reduced by 43% and 45%, respectively, and did not return to normal for at least 5 days. The decrease in intraocular pressure was not due to increased aqueous outflow and was not prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin. Injection of either ET-1 or ET-3 (2.5 to 10 micrograms) into the anterior chamber or posterior vitreous cavity resulted in marked vasoconstriction, which was initiated within seconds and persisted for greater than 4 hours. Both endothelins potently constricted the pupil when added to freshly excised rabbit anterior segments. Endothelins are therefore potential participants in the local regulation of intraocular pressure, ocular blood vessel tone, and iris smooth muscle tone and may be important mediators in ocular pathologic conditions. Endothelins at pharmacologic doses may be useful in the control of intraocular pressure or blood flow.
Tyrosine Residues within the Intracellular Domain of the Erythropoietin Receptor Mediate Activation of AP-1 Transcription Factors (1998)

Binding of erythropoietin (Epo) to the Epo receptor (EpoR) initiates a signaling cascade resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins and induction of AP-1 transcription factor(s). While Epo is known to activate c-fos gene expression, the mechanism of AP-1 activation is unknown. Here we show that AP-1 activation by Epo requires tyrosine kinase activity and also de novo protein synthesis. Using a mutant EpoR containing no cytosolic tyrosine residues, and a set of eight mutants containing a single cytosolic tyrosine residue, we show that multiple EpoR tyrosines, thought to activate multiple intracellular signal transduction proteins, can mediate AP-1 activation. An EpoR containing only tyrosine 343 or tyrosine 464 supports a maximal level of AP-1 activation. We also show that AP-1 activation does not require maximal STAT5 activation and may occur via a STAT5-independent signaling pathway.
Simplified method for concentration of mitochondrial membrane protein complexes (2010)

Extracting and concentrating mitochondrial protein complexes from gel strips after blue native PAGE (BN-PAGE) can be daunting tasks using the traditional methods, such as electroelution, passive diffusion and centrifugal concentration. We present a simplified gel electrophoresis method to concentrate mitochondrial protein complexes with excellent recovery rate. Mitochondrial complex I present in a long gel strip from BN-PAGE can be easily concentrated into a 0.8 cm gel strip when a second BN-PAGE is performed with a Y-shaped gel and the addition of 0.01% n-dodecyl beta-D-maltoside and 0.001% SDS in the cathode buffer. Once completed, the concentrated protein complex in the gel strip is ready for SDS-PAGE or proteomic studies.
Automated seed localization for intraoperative prostate brachytherapy based on 3D line segment patterns (2005)

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided brachytherapy is a treatment option for localized prostate cancer, in which <sup>125</sup>I or <sup>103</sup>Pd radioactive seeds are implanted into the prostate. In this procedure, automated seed localization is important for intra-operative evaluation of dose delivery, which permits the identification of under-dosed regions and remedial seed placement, and ensures that the entire prostate receives the prescribed dose. In this paper, we describe the development of an automated seed segmentation method for use with 3D TRUS images. It is composed of five steps: 1) 3D needle segmentation; 2) volume cropping along the detected needle; 3) non-seed structure removal based on tri-bar model projection; 4) seed candidate recognition using 3D line segment detection; and 5) localization of seed positions. Experiments with the agar and chicken phantom images demonstrated that our method could segment 93% of the seeds in the 3D TRUS images with a mean distance error of 1.0 mm in an agar phantom and 1.7 mm in a chicken phantom, both with respect to manual segmented seed positions. The false positive rate was 7% while the segmentation time on a PC computer with dual AMD Athlon 1.8GHz processor was 280 seconds.
老品牌的“中兴”之道 (2013)

一些品牌的疲软，只是受外部负债或市场低迷的影响，这好比一个人的生命周期并未到风烛残年，只是因外伤或外部环境的恶劣而体力虚弱。这类品牌在理论上都有实现“中兴”的可能。但所谓的复兴，绝不只是简单地增加销量，更包括增加品牌资产价值。
Stress Phenomena In Times Of Porous Low-k Dielectrics (2010)

Since the introduction of copper as an interconnect material into the Back End of Line (BEoL) stack approximately ten years ago, the biggest challenge for reducing the RC values is the reduction of the k‐value of the dielectric. Significant reduction can only be reached by the introduction of new ILD material. These new materials are very challenging with respect to all investigated BEoL reliability phenomena such as electromigration (EM), stress migration (SM) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB).In this paper we are going to give an overview over the reliability robustness challenges due to the introduction of porous dielectrics. Besides these general aspects we accentuate on how the general SM performance suffers from the introduction of the new material. Within this particular context we will show possible solutions for stress migration margin losses. It was not obvious before that the introduction of electromigration improvement options such as surface silicidation or metal capping of the copper line also significantly improves SM performance.
Lack of Effector Cell Function and Altered Tetramer Binding of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2002)

Tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses to MCA102 fibrosarcoma cells expressing the cytotoxic T cell epitope gp33 from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were studied. MCA102(gp33) tumors grew progressively in C57BL/6 mice, despite induction of peripheral gp33-tetramer(+) T cells that were capable of mediating antiviral protection, specific cell rejection, and concomitant tumor immunity. MCA102(gp33) tumors were infiltrated with a high number ( approximately 20%) of CD11b(+)CD11c(-) macrophage-phenotype cells that were able to cross-present the gp33 epitope to T cells. Tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells exhibited a highly activated phenotype but lacked effector cell function. Strikingly, a significant portion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed TCRs specific for gp33 but bound MHC tetramers only after cell purification and a 24-h resting period in vitro. The phenomenon of "tetramer-negative T cells" was not restricted to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from MCA102(gp33) tumors, but was also observed when Ag-specific T cells derived from an environment with high Ag load were analyzed ex vivo. Thus, using a novel tumor model, allowing us to trace tumor-specific T cells at the single cell level in vivo, we demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment is able to alter the functional activity of T cells infiltrating the tumor mass.
Introduction to the Pathogenic Anaerobes (1955)

Introduction to the Pathogenic Anaerobes Get access Introduction to the Pathogenic Anaerobes. Smith Louis Ds.. 248 pgs. The University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Ave., Chicago 37, 111. ( 1955) $7.50. AIBS Bulletin, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1955, Page 9, https://doi.org/10.1093/aibsbulletin/5.3.9-d Published: 01 July 1955
Particle Design Using a 4-Fluid-Nozzle Spray-Drying Technique for Sustained Release of Acetaminophen (2006)

We prepared matrix particles of acetaminophen (Act) with chitosan (Cht) as a carrier using a newly developed 4-fluid-nozzle spray dryer. Cht dissolves in acid solutions and forms a gel, but it does not dissolve in alkaline solutions. Therefore, we tested the preparation of controlled release matrix particles using the characteristics of this carrier. Act and Cht mixtures in prescribed ratios were dissolved in an acid solution. We evaluated the matrix particles by preparing a solid dispersion using a 4-fluid-nozzle spray dryer. Observation of the particle morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the particles from the spray drying process had atomized to several microns, and that they had become spherical. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the matrix particles by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dissolution rate analyses with a view to clarifying the effects of crystallinity on the dissolution rate. The powder X-ray diffraction peaks and the heat of the Act fusion in the spray-dried samples decreased with the increase of the carrier content, indicating that the drug was amorphous. These results indicate that the system formed a solid dispersion. Furthermore, we investigated the interaction between the drug and carrier using FT-IR analysis. The FT-IR spectroscopy for the Act solid dispersions suggested that the Act carboxyl group and the Cht amino group formed a hydrogen bond. In addition, the measurement results of the 13C CP/MAS solid-state NMR, indicated that a hydrogen bond had been formed between the Act carbonyl group and the Cht amino group. In the Act-Cht system, the 4-fluid-nozzle spray-dried preparation with a mixing ratio of 1 : 5 obtained a sustained release preparation in all pH test solutions.
Theory and Application of Gain Ranging to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging (2001)

Gain ranging is incorporated into the data acquisition and processing protocol for a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging spectrometer employing a focal plane array (FPA) detector. A model for predicting the signal, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for an FPA in terms of the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. Conventional gain ranging theory, modified to account for variation of noise with gain by incorporating a linear model for noise prediction, is shown to provide excellent agreement with observed values for the SNR advantage afforded by gain ranging. SNR improvement, as affected by collection parameters, was shown to be limited by the noise characteristics of the FPA detector. The advantages of gain ranging were demonstrated by spectroscopic imaging of a thin section of human prostate tissue.
A New Neural Network Pruning Method Based On The Singular Value Decomposition And The Weight Initialisation (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
A Multicast Routing Algorithm Reducing Congestion (1997)

A new multicast routing algorithm reducing congestion is presented in this article. The algorithm uses efficient routing by transmitting multicast packets across fewer links in the network. In addition, the algorithm balances the use of network nodes and links by reducing packet duplication in the nodes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of novel murine maternal mRNAs regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation. (1992)

The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) is an AU-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of many stored maternal mRNAs. The CPE directs the meiotic maturation-specific cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translational activation of these dormant mRNAs in Xenopus. The work presented here demonstrates that the CPE controls a similar regulation in mouse oocytes and utilizes the information to isolate novel maternal mRNAs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A degenerate CPE primer was used in an anchored PCR reaction with cDNAs from primary mouse oocytes. Clones were identified that contained the canonical polyadenylation signal AATAAA. A novel PCR test was then used to determine the polyadenylation state of the respective mRNAs before and after meiotic maturation. Two mRNAs, OM-1 and OM-2, are cytoplasmically polyadenylated upon maturation. Another mRNA is not polyadenylated during maturation, although it contains multiple CPE-like elements, indicating that this sequence element is not sufficient for adenylation during this time. Microinjection into primary oocytes of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against OM-1 destroys the mRNA but does not appear to interfere with maturation in vitro. These experiments identify two novel maternal mRNAs and establish a simple strategy for isolating other maternal messages that control meiotic maturation, fertilization, and early mouse development.
Hypertension and Cerebral Atherosclerosis (1969)

This study consisted of an analysis of autopsy material from 3,824 persons who were 30 years of age or older in whom the arterial circle of Willis was scored for the severity and extent of atherosclerosis. Several criteria were used for hypertension. These consisted of the heart weight, the clinical diagnosis of hypertension, and the blood pressure. Regardless of which criterion was used, a definite increase in the severity of atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis was noted in the presence of hypertension. The increase was most pronounced when clinical criteria were used.
DNA copy number analysis by MAPH: molecular diagnostic applications (2002)

DNA copy number variation is an important cause of genetic disease. There are several techniques available to detect copy number changes of various sizes, each with their limitations in resolution and cost. Here we outline the development of multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization (MAPH) into a high-throughput diagnostic technique for detecting copy number variation of almost any size. Its application in testing for genetic mutations causing diseases, such as familial breast cancer, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Type 1A, Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy and familial colorectal cancer is described, as well as its use in identifying chromosomal changes in some individuals with mental retardation. The analysis of the data produced by MAPH is also considered, along with its potential for automation and development of microarray-based MAPH.
Ectoenzymes of the kidney microvillar membrane. Differential solubilization by detergents can predict a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor (1988)

The pattern of solubilization of nine kidney microvillar ectoenzymes by a range of detergents distinguished two classes of membrane proteins: those released from the membrane by bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and those not so released. The latter group of transmembrane proteins were solubilized efficiently (greater than 80%) by all the detergents examined. In contrast, proteins released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C were solubilized effectively only by octyl glucoside, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate and sodium deoxycholate. Octyl glucoside solubilized the amphipathic forms of the ectoenzymes examined, suggesting that this may be a useful detergent in the purification of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored ectoenzymes.
Scaling up of naphtha cracking coils (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScaling up of naphtha cracking coilsPaul S. Van Damme, Gilbert F. Froment, and Wolff B. BalthasarCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1981, 20, 2, 366–376Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200013a029https://doi.org/10.1021/i200013a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ABOLITION OF THE EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORINE ON RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION BY THE NEW IMMUNOMODULATOR LS-2616 (LINOMIDE) (1989)

The effect of the quinoline-3-carboxamide LS-2616 (Linomide), given alone or together with cyclosporine, was studied in the first set cardiac allograft transplantation model in the rat. PVG rat hearts were transplanted heterotopically to Wistar/Kyoto rat recipients on day 0. The recipients were given LS-2616 orally on day -1 to rejection and/or CsA orally on days 0-9. In untreated animals rejection occurred on days 8-9, as judged by the absence of palpable pulsations. Treatment with CsA (5 or 10 mg/kg) resulted in prolongation of graft survival to days 17-21, i.e., the rejection occurred 8-10 days after cessation of treatment. LS-2616 in a dose of 160 mg/kg did not in itself have any impact on graft survival, but when given in doses of 40 or 160 mg/kg simultaneously with CsA (10 mg/kg), the effect of CsA was totally abolished. Animals treated with LS-2616 together with CsA had slightly lower trough blood levels than those treated with CsA alone. This interaction with CsA pharmacokinetics does not explain the results, as doubling of the CsA dose to 20 mg/kg, which well compensated for the difference in blood levels, was not sufficient to reverse the effect of LS-2616. To our knowledge this is the first compound known to abolish the effect of CsA. The mechanism is unknown, but is is possible that studies on the interaction between these two drugs will shed further light on the molecular basis of their modes of action.
Food applications of natural antimicrobial compounds (2012)

In agreement with the current trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds, particularly in food and biomedical applications, becomes very frequent. The direct addition of natural compounds to food is the most common method of application, even if numerous efforts have been made to find alternative solutions to the aim of avoiding undesirable inactivation. Dipping, spraying, and coating treatment of food with active solutions are currently applied to product prior to packaging as valid options. The aim of the current work is to give an overview on the use of natural compounds in food sector. In particular, the review will gather numerous case-studies of meat, fish, dairy products, minimally processed fruit and vegetables, and cereal-based products where these compounds found application.
Regioselective 1,2-Diol Rearrangement by Controlling the Loading of BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O and Its Application to the Synthesis of Related Nor-Sesquiterene- and Sesquiterene-Type Marine Natural Products (2017)

The regiocontrolled rearrangement of 1,2-diols has been achieved by controlling the loading of BF<sub>3</sub>·Et<sub>2</sub>O. Its applicability is showcased by the divergent synthesis of austrodoral, austrodoric acid, and 8-epi-11-nordriman-9-one, as well as a formal synthesis of siphonodictyal B and liphagal. A new light is shed on piancol-type rearrangements that will be useful in diversity-oriented synthesis of related natural products.
Adrenergic Receptors Modulate Motoneuron Excitability, Sensory Synaptic Transmission and Muscle Spasms After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

The brain stem provides most of the noradrenaline (NA) present in the spinal cord, which functions to both increase spinal motoneuron excitability and inhibit sensory afferent transmission to motoneurons (excitatory postsynaptic potentials; EPSPs). NA increases motoneuron excitability by facilitating calcium-mediated persistent inward currents (Ca PICs) that are crucial for sustained motoneuron firing. Spinal cord transection eliminates most NA and accordingly causes an immediate loss of PICs and emergence of exaggerated EPSPs. However, with time PICs recover, and thus the exaggerated EPSPs can then readily trigger these PICs, which in turn produce muscle spasms. Here we examined the contribution of adrenergic receptors to spasms in chronic spinal rats. Selective activation of the α(1A) adrenergic receptor with the agonists methoxamine or A61603 facilitated Ca PIC and spasm activity, recorded both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, the α(2) receptor agonists clonidine and UK14303 did not facilitate Ca PICs, but did decrease the EPSPs that trigger spasms. Moreover, in the absence of agonists, spasms recorded in vivo were inhibited by the α(1) receptor antagonists WB4010, prazosin, and REC15/2739, and increased by the α(2) receptor antagonist RX821001, suggesting that both adrenergic receptors were endogenously active. In contrast, spasm activity recorded in the isolated in vitro cord was inhibited only by the α(1) antagonists that block constitutive receptor activity (activity in the absence of NA; inverse agonists, WB4010 and prazosin) and not by the neutral antagonist REC15/2739, which only blocks conventional NA-mediated receptor activity. RX821001 had no effect in vitro even though it is an α(2) receptor inverse agonist. Our results suggest that after chronic spinal cord injury Ca PICs and spasms are facilitated, in part, by constitutive activity in α(1) adrenergic receptors. Additionally, peripherally derived NA (or similar ligand) activates both α(1) and α(2) adrenergic receptors, controlling PICs and EPSPs, respectively.
Study of Selective Gold Plating Technique on Leads of the Hybrid Integreted Circuit (2000)

The integral gold plating on the hybrid integrated circuit (HIC) package that has more leads and bigger volume will lead production cost to increase. In fact, gold only plated on the leads of HIC can meet the performance requirements. Selective gold plating after the general nickel plating in the whole package can realize this purpose. But the electrode potential of the nickel coating must be similar to that of gold, to prevent gold to be replaced out by nickel in the gold plating bath. An effective method of nickel plating and a satisfied formulation of gold plating both are given in this paper.
SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOYBEANS AND SOY PRODUCTS (1979)

ABSTRACT Soybeans, defatted soy flour, soy protein concentrates, and soy isolates possess appreciable antioxidant activity in lipid‐aqueous systems. The antioxidant properties of soybeans, defatted soy flour, and soy protein concentrates are due primarily to polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity of soy protein isolates are also due to polyphenolic compounds but other compounds also exert a marked antioxidant effect. Polyphenolic antioxidants of soy were found to be isoflavones, chlorogenic acid isomers, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. These compounds occurred primarily as glycosides. The isoflavone aglycones were identified as genistein (5,7,4′‐trihydroxyisoflavone), daidzein (7,4′‐dihydroxyisoflavone), and glycitein (7,4′‐dihydroxyd‐methoxyisoflavone. The compounds have antioxidant activity but not to the same extent as flavonoids with the dihydroxy configuration in either the α or β ring.