gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A non-BRICHOS<i>SFTPC</i>mutant (SP-C<sup>I73T</sup>) linked to interstitial lung disease promotes a late block in macroautophagy disrupting cellular proteostasis and mitophagy (2014)

Mutation of threonine for isoleucine at codon 73 (I73T) in the human surfactant protein C (hSP-C) gene (SFTPC) accounts for a significant portion of SFTPC mutations associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Cell lines stably expressing tagged primary translation product of SP-C isoforms were generated to test the hypothesis that deposition of hSP-C(I73T) within the endosomal system promotes disruption of a key cellular quality control pathway, macroautophagy. By fluorescence microscopy, wild-type hSP-C (hSP-C(WT)) colocalized with exogenously expressed human ATP binding cassette class A3 (hABCA3), an indicator of normal trafficking to lysosomal-related organelles. In contrast, hSP-C(I73T) was dissociated from hABCA3 but colocalized to the plasma membrane as well as the endosomal network. Cells expressing hSP-C(I73T) exhibited increases in size and number of cytosolic green fluorescent protein/microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3) vesicles, some of which colabeled with red fluorescent protein from the gene dsRed/hSP-C(I73T). By transmission electron microscopy, hSP-C(I73T) cells contained abnormally large autophagic vacuoles containing organellar and proteinaceous debris, which phenocopied ultrastructural changes in alveolar type 2 cells in a lung biopsy from a SFTPC I73T patient. Biochemically, hSP-C(I73T) cells exhibited increased expression of Atg8/LC3, SQSTM1/p62, and Rab7, consistent with a distal block in autophagic vacuole maturation, confirmed by flux studies using bafilomycin A1 and rapamycin. Functionally, hSP-C(I73T) cells showed an impaired degradative capacity for an aggregation-prone huntingtin-1 reporter substrate. The disruption of autophagy-dependent proteostasis was accompanied by increases in mitochondria biomass and parkin expression coupled with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. We conclude that hSP-C(I73T) induces an acquired block in macroautophagy-dependent proteostasis and mitophagy, which could contribute to the increased vulnerability of the lung epithelia to second-hit injury as seen in ILD.
Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism (2004)

In the RAS (renin-angiotensin system), Ang I (angiotensin I) is cleaved by ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) to form Ang II (angiotensin II), which has effects on blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis. We have examined the kinetics of angiotensin peptide cleavage by full-length human ACE, the separate N- and C-domains of ACE, the homologue of ACE, ACE2, and NEP (neprilysin). The activity of the enzyme preparations was determined by active-site titrations using competitive tight-binding inhibitors and fluorogenic substrates. Ang I was effectively cleaved by NEP to Ang (1-7) (kcat/K(m) of 6.2x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1)), but was a poor substrate for ACE2 (kcat/K(m) of 3.3x10(4) M(-1) x s(-1)). Ang (1-9) was a better substrate for NEP than ACE (kcat/K(m) of 3.7x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1) compared with kcat/K(m) of 6.8x10(4) M(-1) x s(-1)). Ang II was cleaved efficiently by ACE2 to Ang (1-7) (kcat/K(m) of 2.2x10(6) M(-1) x s(-1)) and was cleaved by NEP (kcat/K(m) of 2.2x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1)) to several degradation products. In contrast with a previous report, Ang (1-7), like Ang I and Ang (1-9), was cleaved with a similar efficiency by both the N- and C-domains of ACE (kcat/K(m) of 3.6x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1) compared with kcat/K(m) of 3.3x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1)). The two active sites of ACE exhibited negative co-operativity when either Ang I or Ang (1-7) was the substrate. In addition, a range of ACE inhibitors failed to inhibit ACE2. These kinetic data highlight that the flux of peptides through the RAS is complex, with the levels of ACE, ACE2 and NEP dictating whether vasoconstriction or vasodilation will predominate.
Partitioning: A unifying framework for adaptive systems, II: Control (1976)

In this paper, partitioning and the associated partitioned adaptive control algorithms are shown to constitute a unifying framework for adaptive control. Moreover, the partitioned adaptive controls (PAC's) are shown to have several interesting properties as well as a decoupled parallel-processing structure that is computationally attractive. Finally, using the partitioning framework and a related general class of PAC's the adaptive control problem is treated from a global viewpoint that unifies seemingly unrelated previously obtained suboptimal adaptive controls, and, most importantly, yields fundamentally new adaptive control algorithms. These new control algorithms are shown to have several important properties from both a theoretical and a realization or computational standpoint.
Although rare, severe complications following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment should not be overlooked! (2015)

Commentary (without abstract)
Methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA due to <i>carB</i>, an antibiotic‐resistance determinant from the carbomycin producer, <i>Streptomyces thermotolerans</i> (1990)

A resistance gene, carB, originally isolated from the carbomycin-producing organism, Streptomyces thermotolerans, confers on Streptomyces lividans high-level resistance to the drug. However, ribosomes from S. lividans expressing carB show only moderate resistance to this macrolide in vitro, although they are highly resistant to the action of lincosamide antibiotics. The carB product monomethylates the amino group of the adenosine residue located at position 2058 in 23S ribosomal RNA. In contrast, ribosomes from S. lividans expressing ermE, in which 23S RNA is dimethylated at this same position, are much more highly resistant to macrolides and insensitive to lincosamides.
Fabrication of a hierarchical structure by oxygen plasma etching of a photocured microstructure containing a silicon moiety (2011)

We present a simple and straightforward method for creating a hierarchical structure in which the nanoscale roughness is derived from a microstructure. This hierarchical structure is at the backbone of almost all biomimetic functions. A liquid blend of a photocurable prepolymer and a functionalized polysiloxane is moulded by photocuring, and then the moulded film is simply exposed to a blanket oxygen plasma to produce the hierarchical structure. The nanoscale roughness is controlled by varying the weight ratio of acrylate-functionalized polysiloxane to acrylated prepolymer. To demonstrate the efficacy of the fabrication method, a superhydrophobic surface was produced by coating the hierarchical structure with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).
Global analysis of the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Fur regulon and the iron starvation stimulon (2002)

The Bacillus subtilis ferric uptake repressor (Fur) protein coordinates a global transcriptional response to iron starvation. We have used DNA microarrays to define the Fur regulon and the iron starvation stimulon. We identify 20 operons (containing 39 genes) that are derepressed both by mutation of fur and by treatment of cells with the iron chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl. These operons are direct targets of Fur regulation as judged by DNase I footprinting. Analyses of lacZ reporter fusions to six Fur-regulated promoter regions reveal that repression is highly selective for iron. In addition to the Fur regulon, iron starvation induces members of the PerR regulon and leads to reduced expression of cytochromes. However, we did not find any evidence for genes that are directly activated by Fur or repressed by Fur under iron-limiting conditions. Although genome searches using the 19 bp Fur box consensus are useful in identifying candidate Fur-regulated genes, some genes associated with Fur boxes are not demonstrably regulated by Fur, whereas other genes are regulated from sites with little apparent similarity to the conventional Fur consensus.
Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and IGF-1/IGF-binding protein-3 complex (IGF-1/IGFBP3). (1998)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a cytokine that promotes oligodendrocyte development and myelin production. This study investigated whether treatment of chronic, relapsing murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with IGF-1 or IGF-1 associated with its binding protein, IGFBP3, altered the course of disease. Administration of IGF-1/IGFBP3 (1-100 mg/kg per day) delayed the onset of disease in a dose-dependent manner and histologic examination showed a delay in inflammatory cells entering the central nervous system. However, once signs of EAE developed, disease was enhanced in the mice that had been given the highest dose of IGF-1/IGFBP3. Treatment with IGF-1/IGFBP3 after the onset of signs resulted in a severe relapse. Administration of free IGF-1 (10 mg/kg per day) provided mild protection when given before disease onset, but did not significantly alter the course of disease if given after disease onset. Possible mechanisms that could explain the altered disease in IGF-1/IGFBP3-treated mice included (a) IGF-1/IGFBP3 administration delayed the onset of EAE by downregulating ICAM-1 gene expression in the central nervous system, and (b) IGF-1/IGFBP3 treatment of EAE resulted in more severe disease due to enhanced expansion of encephalitogenic T cells. Although IGF-1 may enhance remyelination, these results indicate that administration of IGF-1 associated with IGFBP3 may also accentuate autoimmune demyelinating disease.
A New Method for the Stabilization of White Wine (1984)

Commercial wines, when exposed to extremes of heat or cold become cloudy or hazy. Several methods for prevention or removal of this haze are presently used by industry. All of these methods cause large alterations in wine flavor and 2 to 3% wine loss. This report describes a new method for wine stabilization which employs an immobilized tannic acid derivative capable of removing the haze causing components while only minimally affecting wine flavor and wine loss.
Lactobacilli Producing Bispecific Llama-Derived Anti-Rotavirus Proteins <i>in vivo</i> for Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea (2011)

Expression of bispecific antibodies in lactobacilli resulted in slight improvement of their efficacy. Furthermore, increasing the specificity would theoretically reduce the rate of appearance of viral escape mutants and would have a broader capacity to be effective against a range of viral serotypes.
Effect of Mutation and Phosphorylation of Type I Keratins on Their Caspase-mediated Degradation (2001)

Type I keratins K18 and K19 undergo caspase-mediated degradation during apoptosis. Two known K18 caspase cleavage sites are aspartates in the consensus sequences VEVDA and DALDS, located within the rod domain and tail domain, respectively. Several K14 (another type I keratin) mutations within the caspase cleavage motif have been described in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Here we use extensive mutational analysis to show that K19 and K14 are caspase substrates and that the ability to undergo caspase-mediated digestion of K18, K19, or K14 is highly dependent on the location and nature of the mutation within the caspase cleavage motif. Caspase cleavage of K14 occurs at the aspartate of VEMDA, a consensus sequence found in type I keratins K12-17 with similar but not identical sequences in K18 and K19. For K18, apoptosis-induced cleavage occurs sequentially, first at 393 DALD and then at 234 VEVD. Hyperphosphorylation of K18 protects from caspase-3 in vitro digestion at 234 VEVD but not at 393 DALD. Hence, keratins K12-17 are likely caspase substrates during apoptosis. Keratin hyperphosphorylation, which occurs early in apoptosis, protects from caspase-mediated K18 digestion in a cleavage site-specific manner. Mutations in epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients could interfere with K14 degradation during apoptosis, depending on their location.
Characterization of Recombinant Human Aromatic <scp>l</scp>‐Amino Acid Decarboxylase Expressed in COS Cells (1990)

The expression vector containing the full-length cDNA of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) was transfected in COS cells by a modified calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. The cells transfected with plasmids that had a true direction of the cDNA gave a major immunoreactive band at 50 kDa. This expressed enzyme catalyzed the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) and L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine. The optimal pH of the enzyme activity with L-DOPA as a substrate was 6.5, whereas the enzyme had a broad pH optimum when L-5-HTP was used as a substrate. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate to the incubation mixture greatly enhanced the activity for both L-DOPA and L-5-HTP.
Mannitol Salt Agar-Cefoxitin Combination as a Screening Medium for Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

In disk diffusion tests, cefoxitin is now considered a better indicator than oxacillin for the presence of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. A logical extension of this work is the incorporation of cefoxitin into media selective for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This paper describes the development and subsequent testing of mannitol salt agar containing 4 mg/liter cefoxitin with a unique collection of well-characterized MRSA strains, including low-level methicillin-resistant strains and an equal number of known mecA-negative S. aureus strains. The agar supported the growth of 96.6% of the mecA-positive strains in the collection and inhibited the growth of 100% of the mecA-negative strains. These results suggest that selective media based on cefoxitin are superior to those based on oxacillin for the detection of MRSA.
High Temperature High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Substituted Anilines using a C<sub>18</sub> Hybrid Stationary Phase (2006)

Abstract Separation of twelve substituted anilines in less than ten minutes is reported. A C18 hybrid stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of pure water was used for separation. To separate the analytes a temperature program between 160°C and 200°C with 5°C/min was used. Under isothermal conditions van't Hoff plots were constructed between 150°C and 200°C. All the plots were straight lines indicating only one type of interaction between the analytes and the stationary phase. The compounds were detected using either UV or simultaneous UV and FID detection.
Small cytoplasmic RNA of Bacillus subtilis: functional relationship with human signal recognition particle 7S RNA and Escherichia coli 4.5S RNA (1992)

Small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA; 271 nucleotides) is an abundant and stable RNA of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. To investigate the function of scRNA in B. subtilis cells, we developed a strain that is dependent on isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside for scRNA synthesis by fusing the chromosomal scr locus with the spac-1 promoter by homologous recombination. Depletion of the inducer leads to a loss of scRNA synthesis, defects in protein synthesis and production of alpha-amylase and beta-lactamase, and eventual cell death. The loss of the scRNA gene in B. subtilis can be complemented by the introduction of human signal recognition particle 7S RNA, which is considered to be involved in protein transport, or Escherichia coli 4.5S RNA. These results provide further evidence for a functional relationship between B. subtilis scRNA, human signal recognition particle 7S RNA, and E. coli 4.5S RNA.
Receptor component protein (RCP): a member of a multi-protein complex required for G-protein-coupled signal transduction (2002)

The calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor component protein (RCP) is a 148-amino-acid intracellular protein that is required for G-protein-coupled signal transduction at receptors for the neuropeptide CGRP. RCP works in conjunction with two other proteins to constitute a functional CGRP receptor: calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). CRLR has the stereotypical seven-transmembrane topology of a G-protein-coupled receptor; it requires RAMP1 for trafficking to the cell surface and for ligand specificity, and requires RCP for coupling to the cellular signal transduction pathway. We have made cell lines that expressed an antisense construct of RCP and determined that CGRP-mediated signal transduction was reduced, while CGRP binding was unaffected. Furthermore, signalling at two other endogenous G-protein-coupled receptors was unaffected, suggesting that RCP was specific for a limited subset of receptors.
Induction of Pituitary Lactotrope Differentiation by Luteinizing Hormone α Subunit (1984)

Addition of gonadotropin releasing hormone to cultures of fetal rat pituitary induced differentiation of lactotropes as revealed by immunocytochemistry. Antiserum to luteinizing hormone (LH) (recognizing native LH), but not antiserum to LH-beta (recognizing both native LH and its beta subunit), inhibited this induction. Further addition of highly purified LH-alpha subunit in culture medium also induced lactotrope differentiation. Thus, the alpha subunit may have a specific biological activity of its own with probable practical use in clinical investigations.
Stress‐wave‐induced injury to retinal pigment epithelium cells in vitro (1996)

Background and Objective To determine the survival of in vitro retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells subjected to laser-generated stress transients (shock waves) and compare it to that of other cell lines. Study Design/Materials and Methods Normal and transformed human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines were used. The cells were imbedded in a gel to prevent motion and cavitation and located in a thin layer at the bottom of a pipette tube closed at one end by a polyimide film. Stress transients were generated by pulsed excimer laser (193 nm and 248 nm wavelength) ablation of the polyimide film. Cell survival, compared to that of unirradiated cells, was assessed by counting surviving cells. The stress was varied from 300 to 740 bars and the number of shock wave pulses applied varied from 5 to 150. Results Cell survival decreased sharply at the higher stresses but some cells always survived. The lowest survival rate was 50%. Increasing the number of shock wave pulses did not increase cell killing after 20 pulses, demonstrating a saturation effect. In contrast to the transformed cell line, normal cells could not be killed at the highest stress available to us. Conclusion The susceptibility of RPE cells to damage by stress waves varies with cell line. Transformed retinal pigment epithelium cells are more susceptible than normal ones. Saturation of the damage versus number of pulses is observed and a threshold-like behavior for cell killing versus stress is found. Because at least 50% of the cells survived, normal cell growth can serve to replenish damaged cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Philippe Poutignat et Jocelyne Streiff-Fenart : Théories de l'ethnicité, 1995 (1995)

Hani Elias. Philippe Poutignat et Jocelyne Streiff-Fenart : Théories de l'ethnicité, 1995. In: Hommes et Migrations, n°1191, octobre 1995. Musiques des Afriques. Voix maghrébines et tempos blacks en Europe. pp. 60-61.
Development of Pressure Measurement Type Tactile Soft Sensor for Life Assist Robot (2004)

Recently, robots have been expected to be used in various fields such as not only usual manufacturing industry but also medical welfare, agriculture, security system and so on. Especially, in the coming advanced aged society, the demand of robot will be more increased in medical welfare and human life assist technology. In such a field, sice robots must work together with human or contact with a human body directly, they require safety and flexibility. In this study, in order to realize a flexible mechanims satisfying the above requirements, a soft-mechanism has been developed. It is composed of a body made of silicone rubber and driven with a pneumatic power. Both the elasticity of rubber material and the air compressibility are effective to realize such a soft-mechanism. A developed tactile soft sensor is composed of cylindrical silicone rubber. When the force is applied to it, by detecting the inner pressure change with built-in pressure sensor, a tactile information can be detected. In this paper, firstly, we discuss the structure and the fundamental characeristics of this sensor. And then, applications of this sensor are experimentally discussed. The effectiveness of this sensor is shown from the results.
Effect of Enalapril on Proteinuria and Renal Function in Patients with Healed Severe Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (1991)

Five patients (median age 63 years) with severe crescentic glomerulonephritis had acute renal failure (median plasma creatinine 930, range 690-1390). Following induction of immunosuppressive treatment all patients achieved recovery of adequate renal function (median creatinine 440, range 290-570 mumol/l). After 3-6 months of continuous remission, all patients, despite stable renal function developed increasing proteinuria (median 4.4 g/24 h, range 3.2-6.1), and enalapril (5-20 mg per day) was substituted or introduced as antihypertensive therapy. Immunosuppression was not altered. After 1 year, renal function remained stable in four patients and plasma creatinine increased initially in one patient before becoming stable: proteinuria was reduced substantially in all patients to a median of 0.8 g/24 h, range 0.2-1.3). Patients with severe crescentic glomerulonephritis may develop persistent or increasing proteinuria despite successful treatment of acute disease. We have used enalapril to reduce proteinuria and maintain function in such patients.
Considerations in the design of MRI magnets with reduced stray fields (1987)

One of the major considerations in siting choice for an MRI system within a hospital is its interactions with its environment. This interaction places restrictions on the proximity of equipment sensitive to magnetic field and limits areas of general public access. In addition special account must be taken of the possible impact of environmental iron on magnet homogeneity. To date, the approach adopted by the MRI system scanner manufacturers to these problems has been to employ either YOKE or MIRROR iron (PASSIVE) shielding frequently requiring significant structural modifications with associated costs. An alternative approach to the shielding problem has been investigated at OXFORD using a geometry utilising superconducting counter running coils alone and prototypes with Central fields of 0.5T, 1.0T and 1.5T have been tested.
A Web-based E-learning Platform for Physical Education (2011)

The major purpose of this paper is to develop a Web-based E-learning Platform for physical education. The Platform provides sports related courseware which includes physical motions, exercise rules and first-aid treatment. The courseware is represented using digital multimedia materials which include video, 2D animation and 3D virtual reality. Courseware within digital multimedia materials not only can increase the learning efficient but also inspires students’ strong interest in learning, especially in the area of Physical Education. The design concept of our project is based on ADDIE model with the five basic phases of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Via the usage of this Web-based E-learning platform, user can learn the relative knowledge about sports at anytime and in everyplace. We hope to let players perform efficient self learning for sports skills, indirectly foster mutual help, cooperation, nice norms of law-abiding via the learning of exercise rules, and become skilled at accurate recreation knowledge and first-aid expertise. Moreover, coaches can use the system as a teaching facility to mitigate loading on teaching.