gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinect Skeleton Coordinate Calibration for Remote Physical Training (2014)

With the advent of the Microsoft Kinect sensor, skeleton coordinate systems have become an active part of interactive multimedia applications. The skeleton coordinate data captured by the Kinect sensor can be used to compare the similarity of remote users' motions in remote training systems. However, this approach is limited in that the remote users' initial positions have to be at the same position and face the sensor with the same angle. This paper proposes a Kinect Skeleton Coordinate Calibration (KSCC) algorithm to calibrate the remote user's arbitrary initial positions, thereby removing the above limitations on the initial positions and angles. It collects the remote user's initial position data, and calculates the initial centre coordinate of the user and initial angle between user and Kinect sensor. After the collection and calculation, all skeleton coordinates are transformed to a universal coordinate system according to the initial centre coordinate and rotated by a quaternion rotation. An evaluation test has been performed to assess the accuracy and limiting fields of the system. The results show that our approach is able to calibrate the Kinect skeleton coordinates with a high accuracy, with the requirements that the user's initial positions only need to be in the detection zone of the Kinect sensor. Keywords - Kinect skeleton coordinate; calibration; remote physical training; interactive multimedia I. INTRODUCTION
Synthesis of star‐shaped polystyrenes via nitroxide‐mediated stable free‐radical polymerization (2001)

High molecular weight star-shaped polystyrenes were prepared via the coupling of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) terminated polystyrene oligomers with divinylbenzene (DVB) in m-xylene at 138 °C. The optimum ratio of the coupling solvent (m-xylene) to divinylbenzene was determined to be 9 to 1 based on volume. Linear polystyrene oligomers (Mn = 19,300 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.10) were prepared in bulk styrene using benzoyl peroxide in the presence of TEMPO at approximately 130 °C under an inert atmosphere. Coupling of the TEMPO-terminated oligomers under optimum conditions resulted in a product with a number average molecular weight exceeding 300,000 g/mol (Mw/Mn = 3.03) after 24 h, suggesting the formation of relatively well-defined star-shaped polymers. Additionally, the intrinsic viscosities of the star-shaped products were lower than calculated values for linear analogs of equivalent molecular weight, which further supported the formation of a star-shaped architecture. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 216–223, 2001
New polyimides via hydrogen‐transfer polymerization (1969)

Abstract The synthesis and some properties of new linear polyimides obtained via hydrogen‐transfer polymerization between divinyl sulfone and diimides of tetracarboxylic acids are described.
Proposal of reliable cutoff wavelength measurement for bend insensitive fiber (2009)

Reliable technique to determine the cutoff wavelength using single-mode fiber as a reference is newly proposed. This technique identifies cutoff wavelength of 1st higher-order-mode in BIF precisely, which is difficult with existing techniques.
Community detection in networks using atom stabilization algorithm (2017)

Community detection problem has great importance for better understanding of the relationships among the nodes as well as the overall network. In this paper, Atom Stabilization Algorithm (ASA) is considered for identifying communities. Modified Isolability is used as an objective function. Isolability measures the ability of group of nodes to isolate them from rest of the network. The results are compared with four other methods in terms of five quality and five accuracy metrics. The experimental results show the competency of proposed approach.
An entropy coding method for floating-point texture coordinates of 3D mesh (2010)

3D mesh compression has been studies for compact storage and fast transmission of large 3D meshes for a variety of graphics applications. However, there is still much redundancy not well exploited by the previous works, e.g., the redundancy lying in the floating-point data texture coordinates. This paper investigates the statistical property of texture coordinates of a couple of 3D models and proposes a new entropy coding method to compress the floating-point texture coordinates of 3D mesh. It uses some reference buffers and proposes an updating scheme as well as a context based arithmetic coding algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed method can averagely reduce about 40% of bitrate compared with the state-of-art prior work.
Antirhinovirus drugs (1982)

Leading articles (1981) concluded that a 400 mg prophylactic dose was efficacious in preventing fungal infections in leukaemic patients but even this dose did not influence colonization rates with Candida albicans. Use of even larger doses may risk superinfection, particularly in view of ketoconazole's lack of reliable activity against the zygomycetes, Aspergillus sp. and T. glabrata.
Carbon-Loaded Teflon Electrodes for Chronic EEG Recordings in Microwave Research<sup>*</sup> (1979)

Conventional metal electrodes can cause serious modification and intensification of the rate of energy absorption in tissues during exposure of animals to microwaves. Carbon-loaded Teflon with a conductivity close to that of tissue has been implanted and maintained for four to six months at cortical and subcortical locations in rabbits. The EEG and its spectrum as recorded from the carbon-loaded Teflon electrodes are comparable to those recorded from conventional metal electrodes. Histological examination showed good tissue compatibility. Recordings made during acute exposure of rabbits to microwave radiation (2450-MHz) at 100 mW/cm2 showed no electromagnetic interference. The results indicate that carbon-loaded Teflon electrodes can be implanted chronically to record the EEG in animals during the course of microwave radiation.
Incidence and Prevalence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Among Children in a Managed Care Population, 1996–2009 (2013)

The incidence rate of JIA observed in the Kaiser Permanente population, 1996-2009, was similar to that reported in Rochester, Minnesota, USA, but 2 to 3 times higher than Canadian estimates.
Nicotine, an anti-inflammation molecule (2014)

The mechanism of bile acid induced cholestatic liver injury remains controversial, thus hindering the development of new therapies for these diseases. In this research highlight, we briefly review the evolution of our understanding of the pathogenesis of bile acid induced liver injury, and summarize our recent findings on this topic. Our data suggests that under pathophysiological conditions bile acid induced liver injury is mediated by inflammatory responses that are initiated from stressed hepatocytes. We conclude by mentioning potential new therapeutic approaches for treating cholestatic liver injury based on these pathophysiologic concepts.
β Recombinase Catalyzes Inversion and Resolution between Two Inversely Oriented six Sites on a Supercoiled DNA Substrate and Only Inversion on Relaxed or Linear Substrates (1998)

The beta recombinase, in the presence of a chromatin-associated protein such as Hbsu, catalyzes DNA resolution or DNA inversion on supercoiled substrates containing two directly or inversely oriented six sites. Hbsu stabilizes the formation of the recombination complex (Alonso, J. C., Weise, F., and Rojo, F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2938-2945). In this study we show that resolution by beta recombinase strictly requires supercoiled DNA, but inversion does not. On a substrate with two inversely oriented six sites, beta recombinase catalyzed both resolution and inversion if the DNA was supercoiled but only inversion if the substrate was relaxed or linear. Hbsu was critical for the formation of synaptic complexes; its concentration relative to that of the supercoiled DNA substrate determined whether resolution or inversion products were preferentially formed. The results suggest that the beta recombinase forms unproductive short-lived synaptic complexes between two juxtaposed inversely oriented six sites; the presence of 3 to 13 Hbsu dimers per supercoiled DNA molecule would stabilize a synaptic complex with a relative geometry of the six sites allowing beta recombinase preferentially to achieve resolution. Supercoiling probably helps to overcome an energetic barrier, since resolution does not occur in relaxed DNA. The presence of >30 Hbsu dimers per DNA molecule probably favors the formation of a recombination complex with a different geometry since the reaction is directed preferentially toward DNA inversion.
Real-Time Pose Estimation for Human-Robot Interaction (2020)

Text-based communication is one of the most popular categories used. Emails, SMS messages while the voice call is better than text. it connects several remote people at once and it is more personal and easier than text. currently, the video call is the best method for communication between people. After transmitting of text, voice, and video successfully the next step is motion transmission. Motion-based communication requires detection of human motion in the sending site and motivation of robot's servo motors in the receiving site. The most important step in motion-based communication is the detection of human pose in real-time and good accuracy because this detection will be driven to a servo motor. If there is some wrong in detection, it will be dangerous because the robot may be damage itself or the motion may be harmful. In this paper, we propose a realtime method for motion transmission by using deep neural networks (DNN) for the detection of human body joints, Then convert the obtained results into commands suitable to work in robot environment. And implement the results on robot so that the human motion corresponds to that of the robot in real-time.
Analysis on international patents of monoclonal antibody technologies (2009)

Patents are particular resources to discover new technologies,as well as for intelligence research,especially for competitive intelligence.This article analyzes international patents of monoclonal antibody technologies during priority years 1979-2007 from Derwent innovations index(DII) and review their development trend,in order to investigate the development status of monoclonal antibody technologies.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hypertension and their relationship to cardiovascular risk and treatmentA substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) (2004)

Hypertension results in structural changes to the cardiac and vascular extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) may play a central role in the modulation of this matrix. We hypothesized that both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 would be abnormal in hypertension, reflecting alterations in ECM turnover, and that their circulating levels should be linked to cardiovascular (CHD) and stroke (CVA) risk scores using the Framingham equation. Second, we hypothesized that treatment would result in changes in ECM indices. Plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured before and after treatment (median 3 years) from 96 patients with uncontrolled hypertension participating in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT). Pretreatment values were compared to circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Circulating pretreatment MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in the normotensive controls (P = .0041 and P = .0166, respectively). Plasma MMP-9 levels decreased, and TIMP-1 levels increased after treatment (P = .035 and P = .005, respectively). Levels of MMP-9 correlated with CHD risk (r = 0.317, P = .007) and HDL cholesterol (r = −0.237, P = .022), but not CVA risk. There were no significant correlations between TIMP-1 and CVA or CHD scores. Increased circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 at baseline in patients with hypertension could reflect an increased deposition and retention of type I collagen at the expense of other components of ECM within the cardiac and vascular ECM. After cardiovascular risk management, MMP-9 levels decreased and TIMP-1 levels increased. Elevated levels of MMP-9 also appeared to be associated with higher Framingham cardiovascular risk scores. Our observations suggest a possible role for these surrogate markers of tissue ECM composition and the prognosis of cardiovascular events in hypertension.
Hydrotropic properties of a novel alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (1999)

Abstract Alkylbenzenesulfonates based on toluene, xylene, as well as cumene, and alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, act as hydrotropes in surfactant systems. A novel sodium diisopropyl‐naphthalene sulfonate (SDIPNS) has been devepoped that contains about 92% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate, compared to other diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate preparations that contain less than 50% diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate. This material is both a hydrotrope and a surfactant. The color of a 35% solution is light yellow, Gardner 3, significantly lighter than comparable materials. Draves wetting time for a 0.5% solution is about 30 s. The Ross‐Miles foam test (1% solution) indicates a significant level of initial foam, but the foam is unstable. The solubilites of toluene and limonene in SDIPNS are much higher than in other hydrotropes tested. Hydrotropes raise the cloud point of nonionic surfactants; SDIPNS is the most efficient hydrotrope found for this application. Another measure of hydrotropicity is the amount of hydrotrope required to clear a cloudy detergent formulation; this hydrotrope is quite effective. Another measure is the modification of surfactant formulation viscosity; SDIPNS is quite effective. Additionally, SDIPNS changes the solubility of nonionic surfactants in water. SDIPNS is a surfactant as well as a hydrotrope, demonstrating a critical micelle concentration at about 1%.
Incremental quantile estimation for massive tracking (2000)

Data-call records, internet packet headers, or other transaction records-are coming down a pipe at a ferocious rate, and we need to monitor statistics of the data. There is no reason to think that the data are normally distributed, so quantiles of the data are important to watch. The probe attached to the pipe has only limited memory, though, so it is impossible to compute the quantiles by sorting the data. The only possibility is to incrementally estimate the quantiles as the data fly by. This paper provides such an incremental quantile estimator. It resembles an exponentially weighted moving average in form, processing and memory requirements, but it is based on stochastic approximation so we call it an exponentially weighted stochastic approximation or EWSA. Simulations show that the EWSA outperforms other kinds of incremental estimates that also require minimal main memory, especially when extreme quantiles are tracked for patterns of behavior that change over time. Use of the EWSA is illustrated in an application to tracking call duration for a set of callers over a three month period.
Comparison and evaluation of lupus nephritis response criteria in lupus activity indices and clinical trials (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. Although the approval of new therapies includes only one agent in 50 years, a number of promising new drugs are in development. Lupus nephritis is a dreaded complication of SLE as it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Advancing the treatment of lupus nephritis requires well-designed clinical trials and this can be challenging in SLE. The major obstacles involve identifying the correct population of patients to enroll and ensuring that a clinically appropriate and patient-centered endpoint is being measured. In this review, we will first discuss the clinical utility of endpoints chosen to represent lupus nephritis in global disease activity scales. Second, we will review completed and active trials focused on lupus nephritis and discuss the endpoints chosen. There are many important lessons to be learned from existing assessment tools and clinical trials. Reviewing these points will help ensure that future efforts will yield meaningful disease activity measures and well-designed clinical trials to advance our understanding of lupus management.
Cell-cell interactions during transendothelial migration of tumor cells (1998)

A key event in cancer metastasis is the transendothelial migration of tumor cells. This process involves multiple adhesive interactions between tumor cells and the endothelium. After adhering to the surface of endothelial cells, tumor cells must penetrate the endothelial junction, which contains high concentrations of the cell adhesion molecules VE-cadherin and PECAM-1. Studies using an in vitro model system, consisting of melanoma cells which are seeded onto a monolayer of endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel, have revealed reorganization of the cytoskeleton and dynamic changes in the cell shape of both tumor and endothelial cells. The initial stages of transmigration are characterized by numerous membrane blebs protruding from the basolateral surfaces of the melanoma cells. Contact regions also show an abundance of microfilaments arising from the underlying endothelial cells. These adhesive interactions lead to the redistribution of both VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 and, consequently, a localized dissolution of the endothelial junction. The penetration of the endothelial junction is initiated by melanoma pseudopods. Despite the disappearance of VE-cadherin from the retracting endothelial junction, heterotypic contacts between the tumor cell and its surrounding endothelial cells show a high concentration of pan-cadherin staining, suggesting that transmigration of melanoma cells might yet be facilitated by interactions with another member of the cadherin family. Upon adhesion to the Matrigel, melanoma cells begin to spread and invade the matrix material, while the endothelial cells extend processes over the melanoma cells to reform the monolayer. Interestingly, the leading margins of these endothelial processes contain a high concentration ofN-cadherin. VE-cadherin and PECAM-1 reappear only when the advancing endothelial processes meet to reform the endothelial junction. Together, these observations suggest that endothelial cells actively participate in the transmigration of tumor cells and specific cadherins are involved in different steps of this complex process.
Recombinant Production and Properties of Binding of the Full Set of Mouse Secreted Phospholipases A<sub>2</sub>to the Mouse M-Type Receptor (2007)

To date, 12 secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) have been identified in the mouse species and divided into three structural collections (I/II/V/X, III, and XII). On the basis of their different molecular properties and tissue distributions, each sPLA2 is likely to exert distinct functions by acting as an enzyme or ligand for specific soluble proteins or receptors, among which the M-type receptor is the best-characterized target. Here, we present the properties of binding of the full set of mouse sPLA2s to the mouse M-type receptor. All enzymes have been produced in Escherichia coli or insect cells, and their properties of binding to the cloned and native M-type receptor have been determined. sPLA2s IB, IIA, IIE, IIF, and X are high-affinity ligands (K0.5 = 0.3-3 nM); sPLA2s IIC and V are low-affinity ligands (K0.5 = 30-75 nM), and sPLA2s IID, III, XIIA, and XIIB bind only very weakly or do not bind to the M-type receptor (K0.5 > 100 nM). Three exogenous parvoviral group XIII PLA2s and two fungal group XIV sPLA2s do not bind to the receptor. Together, these results indicate that the mouse M-type receptor is selective for only a subset of mouse sPLA2s from the group I/II/V/X structural collection. Binding of mouse sPLA2s to a recombinant soluble mouse M-type receptor leads in all cases to inhibition of enzymatic activity, and the extent of deglycosylation of the receptor decreases yet does not abolish sPLA2 binding. The physiological meaning of binding of sPLA2 to the M-type receptor is discussed on the basis of our current knowledge of sPLA2 functions.
Structural Determinants Required for the Interaction between Rho GTPase and the GTPase-activating Domain of p190 (1997)

The Rho family small GTP-binding proteins are subjected to regulation by Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) in the course of transmitting diverse intracellular signals. To understand the mechanism of GAP-catalyzed GTP hydrolysis of Rho GTPases, we have studied the interaction between RhoA and p190, the RasGAP binding phosphoprotein which has been implicated as a Rho-specific GAP, by delineating the structural determinants of RhoA and p190 GAP domain (p190GD) that are involved in their functional coupling. Besides the conserved residues Tyr34, Thr37, and Phe39 in the switch I region of RhoA which are required for p190GD interaction, chimeras made between RhoA and Cdc42, a close relative of RhoA with which p190GD interacts 50-fold less efficiently, revealed that residues outside the switch I and neighboring regions of RhoA, residues 85-122 in particular, contain the major p190GD-specifying determinant(s). Mutation of the unique Asp90 of RhoA in this region mostly abolished p190GD stimulation, whereas the corresponding reverse mutation of Cdc42 (S88D) was able to respond to p190GD-catalysis similarly as RhoA. Further kinetic analysis of these mutants provided evidence that Asp90 of RhoA contributes primarily to the specific binding interaction with p190GD. On the other hand, two charged residues of p190GD, Arg1283 and Lys1321, which are located in the putative G-protein binding helix pocket of GAP domain, were found to be involved in different aspects of interaction with RhoA. The R1283L mutant of p190GD lost GAP activity but retained the ability to bind to RhoA, while K1321A failed to stimulate and to bind to RhoA. These results indicate that residue Asp90 constitutes the second GAP-interactive site in RhoA which is mostly responsible for conferring p190GD-specificity, and suggest that the role of p190GD in the GTPase reaction of RhoA is in part to supply active site residue Arg1283 for efficient catalysis.
Comparison of HPV genotyping by type-specific PCR and sequencing (2010)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide and there is a strong link between certain high-risk viral types and cervical carcinogenesis. Although there are several typing methods, it is still unclear which test is the best. This study compared the effectiveness of type-specific PCR (TS-PCR) and sequencing, with a focus on their clinical application. A total of 260 cervical samples from HPV-positive patients were tested for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 using TS-PCR and sequencing. The genotype was identified in 36% of cases by TS-PCR and in 75% by sequencing. Sequencing was four times more likely to identify the viral type in positive samples than TS-PCR (p = 0.00). Despite being more effective for virus genotyping, sequencing was unable to identify viral types in multiple infections. Combining both techniques resulted in highly sensitive detection (87% of cases), showing that they are complementary methods. HPV genotyping is an important step in HPV management, helping to identify patients with a higher risk of developing cervical cancer and contributing to the development of type-specific vaccines.