gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ultimate Rate of Quantum Communications (2015)

Quantum communications promises reliable transmission of quantum information, efficient distribution of entanglement and generation of completely secure keys. For all these tasks, we need to determine the optimal point-to-point rates that are achievable by two remote parties at the ends of a quantum channel, without restrictions on their local operations and classical communication, which can be unlimited and two-way. These two-way assisted capacities represent the ultimate rates that are reachable without quantum repeaters. By constructing an upperbound based on the relative entropy of entanglement and devising a dimension-independent technique dubbed teleportation stretching, we establish these capacities for many fundamental channels, namely bosonic lossy channels, quantum-limited amplifiers, dephasing and erasure channels in arbitrary dimension. In particular, we determine the fundamental rate-loss trade-off affecting any protocol of quantum key distribution. Our findings set the ultimate limits of point-to-point quantum communications and provide the most precise and general benchmarks for quantum repeaters.
Performance of Heat-Resistant Alloys in Emission-Control Systems (1974)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An extensive program has been established to screen and evaluate heat- and corrosion-resistant alloys that may have some potential application in emission-control systems anywhere from the exhaust manifold to the tailpipe. The various phases of this program, which include tests conducted in air and controlled exhaust atmospheres at temperatures between 1300-2200°F are described.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Some selected test data and the results of metallographic studies are presented to illustrate how representative alloys react to the various test conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The characteristics and functions of the basic emission-control devices are reviewed in light of their effect upon materials requirements.</div>
ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant Combines Immune Activation with Antigen Delivery to Dendritic Cells In Vivo Leading to Effective Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells (2011)

Cancer vaccines aim to induce CTL responses against tumors. Challenges for vaccine design are targeting Ag to dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, facilitating cross-presentation, and conditioning the microenvironment for Th1 type immune responses. In this study, we report that ISCOM vaccines, which consist of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant and protein Ag, meet these challenges. Subcutaneous injection of an ISCOM vaccine in mice led to a substantial influx and activation of innate and adaptive immune effector cells in vaccine site-draining lymph nodes (VDLNs) as well as IFN-γ production by NK and NKT cells. Moreover, an ISCOM vaccine containing the model Ag OVA (OVA/ISCOM vaccine) was efficiently taken up by CD8α(+) DCs in VDLNs and induced their maturation and IL-12 production. Adoptive transfer of transgenic OT-I T cells revealed highly efficient cross-presentation of the OVA/ISCOM vaccine in vivo, whereas cross-presentation of soluble OVA was poor even at a 100-fold higher concentration. Cross-presenting activity was restricted to CD8α(+) DCs in VDLNs, whereas Langerin(+) DCs and CD8α(-) DCs were dispensable. Remarkably, compared with other adjuvant systems, the OVA/ISCOM vaccine induced a high frequency of OVA-specific CTLs capable of tumor cell killing in different tumor models. Thus, ISCOM vaccines combine potent immune activation with Ag delivery to CD8α(+) DCs in vivo for efficient induction of CTL responses.
Determination of Ice Crystal Size Distributions in Frozen Desserts (1991)

Formation of the ice crystal size distribution during manufacture of frozen desserts plays an important role in determining textural characteristics. A crystal size distribution with a large mean size and wide variation results in a coarse product. A new methodology has been developed to characterize the ice crystal size distribution accurately. An optical microscope was used to produce photomicrographs of ice crystals in frozen products. The microscope was housed in a refrigerated glove box, which provided excellent temperature control and allowed samples to be analyzed at various stages of manufacture. The photomicmgraphs were analyzed using a digitizing board connected to a microcomputer.
Subcutaneous Fat Tissue Engineering Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Seeded onto a Collagen Scaffold (2012)

The authors' data clearly show the efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells for soft-tissue repair and skin aging because it induces a significant increase of the dermis thickness. Moreover, the authors' results demonstrate the interest of their acute wound model and allowed them to show the skin thickness variation over time of the experiment, which is one of the challenges with which clinicians struggle in fat grafting.
Production and partial characterization of an endopolygalacturonase from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1994)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae CECT1389 secreted an extracellular endopolygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) when grown in shake flasks in medium containing galactose alone, or either galactose and polygalacturonic acid or galactose and galacturonic acid as the carbon sources. The synthesis of the enzyme was repressed by glucose and by high oxygen tensions. The enzyme was partially purified by gel exclusion chromatography over Sephacryl S-200, where it showed an apparent molecular mass of 39 kDa; the value determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 65 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were 45 degrees C and 5.5, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for polygalacturonic acid were 4.7 mg.mL-1 and 6.4 nmol.mL-1.min-1. The Ki for HgCl2 was 6.8 x 10(-5) M. The enzyme exhibited an endo-splitting mechanism as deduced from viscosimetry experiments as well as from an HPLC study of the end products.
A multilayer neural network with nonlinear inputs and trainable activation functions: structure and simultaneous learning algorithm (2003)

Network size of neural networks is highly dependent on activation functions. A trainable activation function is proposed, which consists of a linear combination of some basic functions. The activation functions and the connection weights are simultaneously trained. An 8-bit parity problem can be solved by using a single output unit and no hidden unit. In this paper, we expand this model to multilayer neural networks. Furthermore, nonlinear functions are used at the unit inputs in order to realize more flexible transfer functions. The previous activation functions and the new nonlinear functions are also simultaneously trained. More complex pattern classification problems can be solved with a small number of units and fast convergence.
High School Bridge Program: A Multidisciplinary STEM Research Program (2010)

A Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) summer Bridge Program was developed for high school students. The program was designed to encourage students to consider choosing an engineering major in college and to explore STEM as a future career. This was accomplished through a 10-week program involving multidisciplinary research activities. The participants in the program included 33 high school students. Among former participants in position to make a choice in terms of attending college, 100% had chosen to continue on in college, and 86% had chosen to major in a STEM area. The results indicated that that the program had enhanced their confidence in STEM and motivated them in choosing careers in STEM areas. Overall, the participants were very positive about the program and expressed appreciation for the opportunity.
Millimeter-Scale, MEMS Gas Turbine Engines (2003)

The confluence of market demand for greatly improved compact power sources for portable electronics with the rapidly expanding capability of micromachining technology has made feasible the development of gas turbines in the millimeter-size range. With airfoil spans measured in 100’s of microns rather than meters, these “microengines” have about 1 millionth the air flow of large gas turbines and thus should produce about 1 millionth the power, 10–100 W. Based on semiconductor industry-derived processing of materials such as silicon and silicon carbide to submicron accuracy, such devices are known as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Current millimeter-scale designs use centrifugal turbomachinery with pressure ratios in the range of 2:1 to 4:1 and turbine inlet temperatures of 1200–1600 K. The projected performance of these engines are on a par with gas turbines of the 1940’s. The thermodynamics of MEMS gas turbines are the same as those for large engines but the mechanics differ due to scaling considerations and manufacturing constraints. The principal challenge is to arrive at a design which meets the thermodynamic and component functional requirements while staying within the realm of realizable micromachining technology. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of millimeter-size gas turbine engines, including system design and integration, manufacturing, materials, component design, accessories, applications, and economics. It discusses the underlying technical issues, reviews current design approaches, and discusses future development and applications.
Designing sparse sensing matrix for compressive sensing to reconstruct high resolution medical images (2015)

Compressive sensing theory enables faithful reconstruction of signals, sparse in domain $ \Psi $, at sampling rate lesser than Nyquist criterion, while using sampling or sensing matrix $ \Phi $ which satisfies restricted isometric property. The role played by sensing matrix $ \Phi $ and sparsity matrix $ \Psi $ is vital in faithful reconstruction. If the sensing matrix is dense then it takes large storage space and leads to high computational cost. In this paper, effort is made to design sparse sensing matrix with least incurred computational cost while maintaining quality of reconstructed image. The design approach followed is based on sparse block circulant matrix (SBCM) with few modifications. The other used sparse sensing matrix consists of 15 ones in each column. The medical images used are acquired from US, MRI and CT modalities. The image quality measurement parameters are used to compare the performance of reconstructed medical images using various sensing matrices. It is observed that, since Gram matrix of dictionary matrix ($ \Phi \Psi \mathrm{)} $ is closed to identity matrix in case of proposed modified SBCM, therefore, it helps to reconstruct the medical images of very good quality.
ChemInform Abstract: The Simulation of Chemical Reactions (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Niobium microbolometers for far-infrared detection (1995)

Microbolometers have been fabricated using a thin niobium film as the detector element. These detectors operate at room temperature, are impedance matched to planar antennas, and are suitable for broadband use at far-infrared wavelengths. We have achieved responsivities of up to 21 V/W at a bias of 6.4 mA, and electrical noise equivalent powers (NEP) of as low as 1.1/spl times/10/sup -10/ W//spl radic/(Hz) at 1 kHz at a bias of 3.6 mA. At this bias, the detectors are 1/f-noise limited below 1 kHz and are Johnson noise limited above 10 kHz. The 1/f noise in V//spl radic/(Hz) increases approximately linearly with bias with a typical level of 0.39 I(mA)//spl radic/(f(kHz)) This level of 1/f noise is approximately a factor of 7 below the best reported for bismuth microbolometers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neuroimmune mechanisms in postoperative ileus (2009)

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common clinical condition arising after almost every abdominal surgical procedure, leading to increased patient morbidity and prolonged hospitalisation. Recent advances in insight into the underlying pathophysiology have identified intestinal inflammation triggered by handling of the intestine as the main mechanism. Not only does the local inflammatory process compromise the contractile activity of the handled intestine, but it also activates inhibitory neural pathways and possibly triggers inflammation at distant untouched areas, leading to a generalised impairment of gastrointestinal motility. Macrophages residing in the muscularis externa and mast cells are the key players in this inflammatory cascade. Pharmacological interventions preventing the activation of these immune cells reduce the influx of leucocytes into the intestine, an effect associated with a reduction of the duration of POI. New potential therapeutic strategies to shorten POI based on these new insights will undoubtedly enter the clinical arena soon.
Dynorphin Agonist Therapy of Parkinsonʼs Disease (1993)

Striatal dynorphin system function may be altered in Parkinson's disease. To evaluate whether treatment with a selective dynorphin agonist improves motor symptoms, four parkinsonian patients received single daily injections of spiradoline under controlled conditions. Doses ranging from 1 to 4 micrograms/kg had no discernible effect on motor performance when given alone or in combination with levodopa-carbidopa. Three patients developed dose-limiting adverse effects, especially behavioral alterations. These results suggest that dynorphin replacement strategies, using spiradoline-like kappa-1 agonists, may have limited value in the therapy of patients with Parkinson's disease.
Separation of high-boiling petroleum distillates using gradient elution through dual-packed (silica gel-alumina gel) adsorption columns (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of high-boiling petroleum distillates using gradient elution through dual-packed (silica gel-alumina gel) adsorption columnsD. E. Hirsch, R. L. Hopkins, H. J. Coleman, F. O. Cotton, and C. J. ThompsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 6, 915–919Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60314a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (555 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Objective quality measures for halftoned images (1999)

Digital halftoning algorithms can produce results of very different quality and characteristics. To evaluate and improve the algorithms, it is important to have robust image quality measures. We propose a method to evaluate objectively the quality of halftoned images. The method is capable of evaluating any kind of monochrome original and is not limited by the choice of halftoning method. To perform the evaluation with respect to the perception of printed halftones, we use models for dot gain in prints and the human visual system. The main contribution and novelty of the method is an adaptive filter used to separate the halftone characteristics from the information about the original in the halftoned image. This approach facilitates the evaluation of the halftoned image’s resemblance to the original as well as of the characteristics of the halftoning method.
Computational Statistics and Optimization Theory at UCLA (2004)

Computational statistics is both growing in importance and evolving in nature. Graduate courses in computational statistics need to incorporate recent advances in high-dimensional optimization and integration. These advances are being driven by applications in data mining, bioinformatics, and imaging. Modern algorithms for optimization and integration can only be fully understand and extended by statisticians with considerable mathematical sophistication. Thus, graduate courses in computational statistics should stress those principles of mathematical and numerical analysis most pertinent to algorithm design and evaluation.
Differentiation of reversible and irreversible myocardial injury by MR imaging with and without gadolinium-DTPA. (1986)

The current study evaluated the capability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to distinguish myocardium subjected to reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. Nine dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary arterial occlusion for 15 minutes (reversible injury) and nine for 1 hour (irreversible injury), followed by reperfusion for 24 hours in both groups. Six dogs from each group received 0.5 mmol/kg of gadolinium-DTPA intravenously; the remaining dogs received no contrast media. In the dogs with irreversible injury but no contrast media, there were prolonged T1 and T2 of the infarcted myocardium and adequate visualization of the infarct. The percentage of contrast between normal and infarcted myocardium was greatest on T2-weighted images. In the group with irreversible injury and contrast media, Gd-DTPA produced significant T1 shortening of injured myocardium, with resultant high signal intensity of the infarct, and significantly enhanced contrast compared with the group that did not receive Gd-DTPA. In the dogs with reversible injury, there were no regional differences in intensity or relaxation times. MR has the capability to distinguish myocardium with irreversible injury from that with reversible injury. The difference of T1 between normal and reperfused infarcted myocardium is increased by Gd-DTPA; thus, contrast between these two is enhanced on MR images.
Review: <i>Pregnancy: Conception and Heredity</i>, by Eric Weiser (1965)

Book Review| October 01 1965 Review: Pregnancy: Conception and Heredity, by Eric Weiser Pregnancy: Conception and HeredityEric Weiser Hans O. Anderson Hans O. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1965) 27 (8): 643. https://doi.org/10.2307/4441129 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hans O. Anderson; Review: Pregnancy: Conception and Heredity, by Eric Weiser. The American Biology Teacher 1 October 1965; 27 (8): 643. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4441129 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1965 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
3D microlasers from self-assembled cholesteric liquid-crystal microdroplets (2010)

We demonstrate a tunable and omnidirectional microlaser in the form of a microdroplet of a dye-doped, cholesteric liquid crystal in a carrier fluid. The cholesteric forms a Bragg-onion optical microcavity and the omnidirectional 3D lasing is due to the stimulated emission of light from the dye molecules in the liquid crystal. The lasing wavelength depends solely on the natural helical period of the cholesteric and can be tuned by varying the temperature. Millions of microlasers can be formed simply by mixing a liquid crystal, a laser dye and a carrier fluid, thus providing microlasers for soft-matter photonic devices.
Downhole Measurement on Pumping Oil Wells (1987)

ABSTRACT For the past 60 years, the dynagraph has been useful in measuring well performance and diagnosing trouble conditions downhole. More recently, surface dynagraph data, with other well-specific parameters, has served as input to mathematical models for predicting downhole behavior. Various computer programs exist to perform this task, and none have previously been verified empirically. In fact, no downhole force measurements have been made since 1942, by Lamberger and Langer (see Ref. 1). An apparatus was developed, as a master's thesis project, to make these measurements. The device is a microcomputer-based data acquisition system that is wholly contained in a five-foot section of standard tubing. It was designed and built to mount in series with the sucker rod string, directly above the pump, and to sample and store real-time data of load, displacement, pressure, and temperature for analysis at the surface. This paper describes the unit, some of its development, and the results of the successful August 1986 field test, executed at over one mile of depth.
Radiation-induced cell signaling: inside-out and outside-in (2007)

Exposure of tumor cells to clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation causes DNA damage as well as mitochondria-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. DNA damage causes activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein, which induce cell cycle checkpoints and also modulate the activation of prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1/2, respectively. Radiation causes a rapid reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of ERBB family and other tyrosine kinases, leading to activation of RAS proteins and multiple protective downstream signaling pathways (e.g., AKT and ERK1/2), which alter transcription factor function and the apoptotic threshold of cells. The initial radiation-induced activation of ERK1/2 can promote the cleavage and release of paracrine ligands, which cause a temporally delayed reactivation of receptors and intracellular signaling pathways in irradiated and unirradiated bystander cells. Hence, signals from within the cell can promote activation of membrane-associated receptors, which signal back into the cytosol: signaling from inside the cell outward to receptors and then inward again via kinase pathways. However, cytosolic signaling can also cause release of membrane-associated paracrine factors, and thus, paracrine signals from outside of the cell can promote activation of growth factor receptors: signaling from the outside inward. The ultimate consequence of these signaling events after multiple exposures may be to reprogram the irradiated and affected bystander cells in terms of their expression levels of growth-regulatory and cell survival proteins, resulting in altered mitogenic rates and thresholds at which genotoxic stresses cause cell death. Inhibition of signaling in one and/or multiple survival pathways enhances radiosensitivity. Prolonged inhibition of any one of these pathways, however, gives rise to lineages of cells, which have become resistant to the inhibitor drug, by evolutionary selection for the clonal outgrowth of cells with point mutations in the specific targeted protein that make the target protein drug resistant or by the reprogramming of multiple signaling processes within all cells, to maintain viability. Thus, tumor cells are dynamic with respect to their reliance on specific cell signaling pathways to exist and rapidly adapt to repeated toxic challenges in an attempt to maintain tumor cell survival.