gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryomesh™: A New Substrate for Cryo-Electron Microscopy (2010)

Here we evaluate a new grid substrate developed by ProtoChips Inc. (Raleigh, NC) for cryo-transmission electron microscopy. The new grids are fabricated from doped silicon carbide using processes adapted from the semiconductor industry. A major motivating purpose in the development of these grids was to increase the low-temperature conductivity of the substrate, a characteristic that is thought to affect the appearance of beam-induced movement (BIM) in transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of biological specimens. BIM degrades the quality of data and is especially severe when frozen biological specimens are tilted in the microscope. Our results show that this new substrate does indeed have a significant impact on reducing the appearance and severity of beam-induced movement in TEM images of tilted cryo-preserved samples. Furthermore, while we have not been able to ascertain the exact causes underlying the BIM phenomenon, we have evidence that the rigidity and flatness of these grids may play a major role in its reduction. This improvement in the reliability of imaging at tilt has a significant impact on using data collection methods such as random conical tilt or orthogonal tilt reconstruction with cryo-preserved samples. Reduction in BIM also has the potential for improving the resolution of three-dimensional cryo-reconstructions in general.
Sensitivity-driven co-synthesis of distributed embedded systems (1995)

Abstract: Describes a new, sensitivity-driven algorithm for the co-synthesis of real-time distributed embedded systems. Many embedded computing systems are distributed systems: communicating periodic processes executing on several CPUs/ASICs connected by communication links. We use performance estimates to compute a local sensitivity of the design to process allocation. We propose a priority prediction method to schedule processes. Based on these techniques, we develop a gradient-search algorithm which co-synthesizes heterogeneous distributed systems of arbitrary topology and the associated application software architecture. Experimental results show that our algorithm can find good implementation architectures in small amounts of CPU time.
B-Cell Clones as Early Markers for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2009)

In peripheral blood obtained up to 77 months before a CLL diagnosis, prediagnostic B-cell clones were present in 44 of 45 patients with CLL.
Inactivation of ABL kinases suppresses non–small cell lung cancer metastasis (2016)

Current therapies to treat non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) have proven ineffective owing to transient, variable, and incomplete responses. Here we show that ABL kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, promote metastasis of lung cancer cells harboring EGFR or KRAS mutations. Inactivation of ABL kinases suppresses NSCLC metastasis to brain and bone, and other organs. ABL kinases are required for expression of prometastasis genes. Notably, ABL1 and ABL2 depletion impairs extravasation of lung adenocarcinoma cells into the lung parenchyma. We found that ABL-mediated activation of the TAZ and β-catenin transcriptional coactivators is required for NSCLC metastasis. ABL kinases activate TAZ and β-catenin by decreasing their interaction with the β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase, leading to increased protein stability. High-level expression of ABL1, ABL2, and a subset of ABL-dependent TAZ- and β-catenin–target genes correlates with shortened survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Thus, ABL-specific allosteric inhibitors might be effective to treat metastatic lung cancer with an activated ABL pathway signature.
Pulse compression effect in a laser-driven flash x-ray tube (1988)

The performance characteristics of a high-vacuum discharge flash x-ray tube, such as dose, maximum dose rate, discharge delay time, and pulse width, can be improved by triggering the tube with a laser-produced plasma at the cathode. The system consists of an open flash x-ray diode of classical coaxial electrode geometry, driven at 50 kV by a 10 Ω, 69 ns transmission line and a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser of 10 ns pulse width, which is focused onto the cathode rim. It could be demonstrated that already at small incident laser energy a significant x-ray pulse compression could be achieved, which also goes in parallel with an increase in dose output. Experiments with laser energies at 110 mJ indicate a saturation in optimum tube performance.
Cell-free co-production of an orthogonal transfer RNA activates efficient site-specific non-natural amino acid incorporation (2013)

We describe a new cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) method for site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) into proteins in which the orthogonal tRNA (o-tRNA) and the modified protein (i.e. the protein containing the nnAA) are produced simultaneously. Using this method, 0.9-1.7 mg/ml of modified soluble super-folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) containing either p-azido-l-phenylalanine (pAzF) or p-propargyloxy-l-phenylalanine (pPaF) accumulated in the CFPS solutions; these yields correspond to 50-88% suppression efficiency. The o-tRNA can be transcribed either from a linearized plasmid or from a crude PCR product. Comparison of two different o-tRNAs suggests that the new platform is not limited by Ef-Tu recognition of the acylated o-tRNA at sufficiently high o-tRNA template concentrations. Analysis of nnAA incorporation across 12 different sites in sfGFP suggests that modified protein yields and suppression efficiencies (i.e. the position effect) do not correlate with any of the reported trends. Sites that were ineffectively suppressed with the original o-tRNA were better suppressed with an optimized o-tRNA (o-tRNA(opt)) that was evolved to be better recognized by Ef-Tu. This new platform can also be used to screen scissile ribozymes for improved catalysis.
A Kalman filter approach to track fast impedance changes in electrical impedance tomography (1998)

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT), an estimate for the cross-sectional impedance distribution is obtained from the body by using current and voltage measurements made from the boundary. All well-known reconstruction algorithms use a full set of independent current patterns for each reconstruction. In some applications, the impedance changes may be so fast that information on the time evolution of the impedance distribution is either lost or severely blurred. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for EIT reconstruction that is able to track fast changes in the impedance distribution. The method is based on the formulation of EIT as a state-estimation problem and the recursive estimation of the state with the aid of the Kalman filter. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with a simulation of human thorax in a situation in which the impedances of the ventricles change rapidly. We show that with optimal current patterns and proper parameterization, the proposed approach yields significant enhancement of the temporal resolution over the conventional reconstruction strategy.
Finding Plagiarisms among a Set of Programs with JPlag (2000)

Abstract: JPlag is a web service that finds pairs of similar programs among a given set of programs. It has successfully been used in practice for detecting plagiarisms among student Java program submissions. Support for the languages C, C++ and Scheme is also available. We describe JPlag’s architecture and its comparsion algorithm, which is based on a known one called Greedy String Tiling. Then, the contribution of this paper is threefold: First, an evaluation of JPlag’s performance on several rather different sets of Java programs shows that JPlag is very hard to deceive. More than 90 percent of the 77 plagiarisms within our various benchmark program sets are reliably detected and a majority of the others at least raise suspicion. The run time is just a few seconds for submissions of 100 programs of several hundred lines each. Second, a parameter study shows that the approach is fairly robust with respect to its configuration parameters. Third, we study the kinds of attempts used for disguising plagiarisms, their frequency, and their success.
Synthesis of the NK3 receptor antagonist AZD2624 in C‐14‐, H‐3‐ and C‐13‐labeled forms (2011)

Abstract In support of a program to develop an antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia, three labeled forms of the NK3 receptor antagonist AZD2624 have been prepared. [ 3 H 2 ]AZD2624 was synthesized by tritiodehalogenation for use in receptor occupancy and autoradiographic studies. [ 13 C 6 ]AZD2624 was prepared for use as an internal standard through the intermediacy of [ 13 C 6 ]isatin, and two C‐14 isotopomers of AZD2624 were prepared from [ 14 C]benzoic acid and [ 14 C]isatin for a variety of DMPK studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Nastalique specific pre-recognition process for Urdu OCR (2009)

Urdu language is written using Arabic script in Nastalique writing style. Nastalique script is highly cursive, context sensitive and is hard to process as only the last character in its ligature sits on the baseline. In addition, it exhibits character and ligature level spatial overlap. Due to these factors, the placement of dots and other diacritics is also highly contextual and variable. There is now increasing amount of work to process and recognize Nastalique script to develop Urdu OCR. This paper proposes improvements to these methods. The paper focuses on Nastalique specific pre-processing methods which can be employed before the text recognition process. The recognition and post recognition processes will be addressed separately.
XcelLog: a deductive spreadsheet system (2007)

Abstract The promise of rule-based computing was to allow end-users to create, modify, and maintain applications without the need to engage programmers. But experience has shown that rule sets often interact in subtle ways, making them difficult to understand and reason about. This has impeded the widespread adoption of rule-based computing. This paper describes the design and implementation of XcelLog, a user-centered deductive spreadsheet system, to empower non-programmers to specify and manipulate rule-based systems. The driving idea underlying the system is to treat sets as the fundamental data type and rules as specifying relationships among sets, and use the spreadsheet metaphor to create and view the materialized sets. The fundamental feature that makes XcelLog suitable for non-programmers is that the user mainly sees the effect of the rules; when rules or basic facts change, the user sees the impact of the change immediately. This enables the user to gain confidence in the rules and their modification, and also experiment with what-if scenarios without any programming. Preliminary experience with using XcelLog indicates that it is indeed feasible to put the power of deductive spreadsheets for doing rule-based computing into the hands of end-users and do so without the requirement of programming or the constraints of canned application packages.
ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION OF NICKEL AND COBALT BASED ALLOYS (1968)

The electroless deposition of nickel and cobalt from hypophosphite- based solutions has found numerous applications by virtue of characteristics unmatched by electrodeposition. For example, since deposition is produced by contact of the catalytic surface with the solution, exceptionally good deposit uniformity may be obtained. Also, the presence of phosphorus (from hypophosphite) in the deposits provides exceptional hardness (1) and corrosion resistance (2) to nickel and valuable magnetic properties (3) to cobalt. Electroless deposits may, in addition, be directly applied to non-conductive materials (4). Electroless deposition of copper (5) and palladium (6) has also been successfully applied utilizing formaldehyde and hydrazine reducing agents respectively. The electroless deposition process, at present, is limited to the four metals mentioned above. It was felt that electroless deposits with a wider variety of chemical, physical, and magnetic properties might be achieved by means of codeposition of other metals during electroless nickel or cobalt deposition.
Applications of lignin-derived catalysts for green synthesis (2019)

This review intends to introduce the application of lignin-derived catalyst for green organic synthesis over latest two decades and aims to present a renewable alternative for conventional catalyst for future industry application. The structure of lignin is initially introduced in this review. Then, various pretreatment and activation technologies of lignin are systematically presented, which includes physical activation for the formation of well-developed porosity and chemical activation to introduce catalytic active sites. Finally, the catalytic performances of various lignin-derived catalysts are rationally assessed and compared with conventional catalysts, which involves lignin-derived solid acids for hydrolysis, hydration, dehydration (trans)esterification, multi-component reaction and condensation, lignin-derived solid base for Knoevenagel reaction, lignin-derived electro-catalysts for electro-oxidation, oxygen reduction reaction, and lignin-derived supported transition metal catalysts for hydrogenation, oxidation, coupling reaction, tandem reaction, condensation reaction, ring-opening reaction, Friedel-Crafts-type reaction, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, click reaction, Glaser reaction, cycloaddition and (trans)esterification. The above lignin-derived catalysts thus successfully promote the transformations of organic compounds, carbon dioxide, biomass-based cellulose, saccharide and vegetable oil into valuable chemicals and fuels. At the end of this review, some perspectives are given on the current issues and tendency on the lignin-derived catalysts for green chemistry. (C) 2019, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.
Inflammation and the Nervous System: The Connection in the Cornea in Patients with Infectious Keratitis (2011)

IVCM reveals an increased density and morphologic changes of central epithelial DCs in infectious keratitis. There is a strong and significant correlation between the increase in DC numbers and the decreased subbasal corneal nerves, suggesting a potential interaction between the immune and nervous system in the cornea.
Temozolomide in early stages of newly diagnosed malignant glioma and neoplastic meningitis. (2000)

Temozolomide is a novel, oral, second-generation alkylating agent. Preclinical and phase I/II studies have demonstrated its efficacy against newly diagnosed high-grade glioma and anaplastic astrocytoma. Its antineoplastic effect is accompanied by quality of life benefits in patients with these debilitating tumors. Neoplastic meningitis, a refractory disorder, develops in approximately 3% to 8% of patients with systemic cancers. Traditional approaches to leptomeningeal metastases, such as radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy, have limited success and a high degree of toxicity. Temozolomide offers a number of potential therapeutic advantages in this disorder, including activity against a wide spectrum of human cancers that produce neoplastic meningitis and penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Patients treated with temozolomide benefit from both its systemic and intracranial activity. Recently, intrathecal temozolomide has been shown to increase median survival in athymic rats bearing subarachnoid human malignant glioma xenografts. Its efficacy, convenient dosing, and predictable safety profile make it an ideal agent for future study of these difficult-to-treat central nervous system malignancies.
Successful SAP R/3 Implementation: Practical Management of ERP Projects (1999)

From the Publisher:
With the rapid growth in popularity of Enterprise Resource Planning software packages, such as SAP R/3, Baan & PeopleSoft, an increasing number of companies are making the decision to transfer to such systems. The implementation of an ERP package is an enormously complex task requiring specific project management skills and knowledge, a lack of which often leads to projects failing to meet deadlines and stay within budget. Anyone involved in the implementation of an ERP project will find this book essential reading. The authors provide readers with the knowledge and tools to help them avoid the problems and pitfalls which commonly occur during the implementation management process. Using a composite example case study of a large SAP R/3 implementation, it presents a wealth of practical advice, essential factors for successful project management and many practical tools which can be readily applied to any project to ensure success.
Scientific Method (1937)

Journal Article Scientific Method Get access H. W. U. H. W. U. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 172, Issue 15, 10 April 1937, Page 263, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/172.15.263b Published: 10 April 1937
New signal design method by coded addition of sequences (2002)

A method of "coded addition of sequences" is proposed for the signal design with many codewords for synchronous or approximately synchronized CDMA systems.
Os sistemas nacionais de inovação e aprendizagem: uma análise do papel da CTI para o desenvolvimento (2014)

O artigo analisa o papel da ciência, tecnologia e inovação para o desenvolvimento do país e os Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação e Aprendizagem. Teorias econômicas observam diferentemente o papel da inovação no processo produtivo e a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento. Sobre o estímulo à inovação, há diferenças de esforços entre as nações industrializadas e as de industrialização retardatária. As economias industrializadas constroem um Sistema Nacional de Inovação e desenvolve uma competitividade autêntica; já as economias de industrialização retardatária possuem um Sistema Nacional de Aprendizagem Tecnológico (passivo ou ativo) e desenvolvem, geralmente, uma competitividade espúria. Para o desenvolvimento sustentável, é preciso construir uma política de ciência e tecnologia, cooperativa, capaz de transformar o sistema de aprendizagem de passivo para ativo e, posteriormente, para um sistema de inovação, capaz de produzir novas tecnologias com independência e promover o desenvolvimento com benefícios sociais e ambientais.
Slip-Based Estimation of Tire-Road Friction (1995)

An approach to estimate the tire--road friction during normal drive using only the wheel slip, that is, the relative difference in wheel velocities, is presented. The driver can be informed about the maximal friction force and be alarmed for sudden changes. Friction related parameters are estimated using only signals from standard sensors in a modern car, and the physical relation between these parameters and the maximal friction force is determined from extensive field trials using a Volvo 850 GLT as a test car. 1 Introduction Tire---Road Friction Estimation (TRFE) has become an intense research area as the interest of information technology in vehicles increases. For instance, the need of TRFE is established as the problem area &quot;Common European Demonstrator 2.1&quot;, Friction Monitoring and Vehicle Dynamics, in the European Prometheus project and it is also identified by the Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Committee of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Society of America ([5]). TRFE is o...
Understanding Ignition Delay Effects With Pure Component Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine (2010)

In order to better understand how future candidate diesel fuels may affect combustion characteristics in diesel engines, 21 pure component hydrocarbon fuels were tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine. These pure component fuels included normal alkanes (C6–C16), normal primary alkenes (C6–C18), isoalkanes, cycloalkanes/-enes, and aromatic species. In addition, seven fuel blends were tested, including commercial diesel fuel, U.S. Navy JP-5 aviation fuel, and five Fischer–Tropsch synthetic fuels. Ignition delay was used as a primary combustion metric for each fuel, and the ignition delay period was analyzed from the perspective of the physical delay period followed by the chemical delay period. While fuel properties could not strictly be varied independently of each other, several ignition delay correlations with respect to physical properties were suggested. In general, longer ignition delays were observed for component fuels with lower liquid fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and liquid-air surface tension. Longer ignition delay was also observed for component fuels with higher fuel volatility, as measured by boiling point and vapor pressure. Experimental data show two regimes of operation: For a carbon chain length of 12 or greater, there is little variation in ignition delay for the tested fuels. For shorter chain lengths, a fuel molecular structure is very important. Carbon chain length was used as a scaling variable with an empirical factor to collapse the ignition delay onto a single trend line. Companion detailed kinetic modeling was pursued on the lightest fuel species set (C6) since this fuel set possessed the greatest ignition delay differences. The kinetic model gives a chemical ignition delay time, which, together with the measured experimental ignition delay, suggests that the physical and chemical delay period have comparable importance. However, the calculated chemical delay periods capture the general variation in the overall ignition delay and could be used to predict the ignition delay of possible future synthetic diesel fuels.
Design and Prototype of a Phased-Array Antenna for Nanosatellite Radar and Communication Applications (2018)

Reconfigurable software defined radios are capable of altering radio frequency parameters of a transceiver to add functionality and improve performance. Initially static by design, reconfigurable radios have become common on nanosatellites, assisting in reduction of launch costs and addition of functionality. Antenna designs have also become reconfigurable, by being able to change frequency range, polarization and many other characteristics. Some antenna designs also perform lobe (beam) steering; however, they are not commercially available for nanosatellites. Some of the added benefits of beam steering are debris detection and satellite-to-satellite communication. Therefore, this research combines antenna frequency reconfigurability and beam steering using an array to design an antenna that can be mounted on a nanosatellite.
A physically based scalable SPICE model for Shielded-Gate Trench Power MOSFETs (2016)

This paper proposes a novel physical scalable SPICE model for Shielded-Gate Trench Power MOSFETs. The model is based on process and layout parameters, enabling design optimization through a direct link between SPICE and process technology. The model has been validated with Fairchild's state of the art technology. The model is SPICE agnostic, working seamlessly across multiple industry standard simulation platforms.