gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Literature review of nitrogen oxide absorption into water and dilute nitric acid (1977)

The removal of gaseous nitrogen oxides from off-gas streams is important when reprocessing spent nuclear fuels. The absorption of nitrogen oxides has been the subject of several laboratory and engineering-scale experiments and the theory of nitrogen oxide absorption seems to be well established. However, previous engineering-scale experimental work is not directly applicable to proposed nitrogen oxide removal processes. A literature survey has been conducted to determine the ''state of the art'' in nitrogen oxide absorption. The purpose of this report is to give the results of that survey and make some general observations on nitrogen oxide absorption.
Production of gaba (&#947; - aminobutyric acid) by microorganisms: a review (2012)

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a four carbon non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms. As a metabolic product of plants and microorganisms produced by the decarboxylation of glutamic acid, GABA functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that directly affects the personality and the stress management. A wide range of traditional foods produced by microbial fermentation contain GABA, in which GABA is safe and eco-friendly, and also has the possibility of providing new health-benefited products enriched with GABA. Synthesis of GABA is catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase, therefore, the optimal fermentation condition is mainly based on the biochemical properties of the enzyme. Major GABA producing microorganisms are lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which make food spoilage pathogens unable to grow and act as probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. The major factors affecting the production of GABA by microbial fermentation are temperature, pH, fermentation time and different media additives, therefore, these factors are summarized to provide the most up-dated information for effective GABA synthesis. There has been a huge accumulation of knowledge on GABA application for human health accompanying with a demand on natural GABA supply. Only the GABA production by microorganisms can fulfill the demand with GABA-enriched health beneficial foods.
Ultrastructure of mouse vallate taste buds: III. Patterns of synaptic connectivity (1988)

We have used serial high voltage electron micrographs and computer-generated, three-dimensional reconstructions to study morphological relationships and patterns of synaptic connectivity in taste buds from the circumvallate papillae of the mouse. The intragemmal arborizations of 40 sensory nerve fibers were examined from 7 taste buds that were sectioned serially. We identified the synaptic connections from taste cells onto the reconstructed nerve fibers and classified the presynaptic taste cells based on previously established ultrastructural criteria. From these data we were able to extract the following information for the reconstructed nerve fibers: (1) the morphology of intragemmal nerve fibers and their arborizations within the taste bud, (2) the total number of synaptic connections from taste bud cells onto the nerve fibers, and (3) the taste cell types associated with each of the synapses. Fifty-six synapses were studied. Synapses were often found to be located at either the branch points or terminations of nerve fiber processes. The maximum number of taste cells observed to synapse onto a single nerve fiber was 5. Several nerve fibers had no apparent synapses. Dark cells (type I), intermediate cells, and light cells (type II) all formed synaptic connections with sensory nerve fibers. In no cases did dark cells and light cells synapse onto the same sensory nerve fiber. Our observation that any given nerve fiber receives its synaptic input from morphologically similar taste cells provides evidence for specificity in taste bud synaptic connections. We speculate that the observed pattern of synaptic connections is related to taste bud function. Since all of the synapses onto a given nerve fiber are from morphologically similar taste cells, we postulate that there is a correlation between taste cell morphology and sensory responsiveness. Intracellular electrophysiological studies on taste cells, in which responses to focally applied chemical stimuli are followed by characterization of the ultrastructural features of the same taste cells, will prove or disprove this hypothesis.
Discriminative Face Alignment (2008)

This paper proposes a discriminative framework for efficiently aligning images. Although conventional Active Appearance Models (AAMs)-based approaches have achieved some success, they suffer from the generalization problem, i.e., how to align any image with a generic model. We treat the iterative image alignment problem as a process of maximizing the score of a trained two-class classifier that is able to distinguish correct alignment (positive class) from incorrect alignment (negative class). During the modeling stage, given a set of images with ground truth landmarks, we train a conventional Point Distribution Model (PDM) and a boosting-based classifier, which acts as an appearance model. When tested on an image with the initial landmark locations, the proposed algorithm iteratively updates the shape parameters of the PDM via the gradient ascent method such that the classification score of the warped image is maximized. We use the term Boosted Appearance Models (BAMs) to refer to the learned shape and appearance models, as well as our specific alignment method. The proposed framework is applied to the face alignment problem. Using extensive experimentation, we show that, compared to the AAM-based approach, this framework greatly improves the robustness, accuracy, and efficiency of face alignment by a large margin, especially for unseen data.
Wavelet packet feature extraction for vibration monitoring (2000)

Condition monitoring of dynamic systems based on vibration signatures has generally relied upon Fourier-based analysis as a means of translating vibration signals in the time domain into the frequency domain. However, Fourier analysis provided a poor representation of signals well localized in time. In this case, it is difficult to detect and identify the signal pattern from the expansion coefficients because the information is diluted across the whole basis. The wavelet packet transform (WPT) is introduced as an alternative means of extracting time-frequency information from vibration signatures. The resulting WPT coefficients provide one with arbitrary time-frequency resolution of a signal. With the aid of statistical-based feature selection criteria, many of the feature components containing little discriminant information could be discarded, resulting in a feature subset having a reduced number of parameters without compromising the classification performance. The extracted reduced dimensional feature vector is then used as input to a neural network classifier. This significantly reduces the long training time that is often associated with the neural network classifier and improves its generalization capability.
Microfluidic Chip with Integrated Electrical Cell-Impedance Sensing for Monitoring Single Cancer Cell Migration in Three-Dimensional Matrixes (2013)

Cell migration has been recognized as one hallmark of malignant tumor progression. By integrating the method of electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) with the Boyden chamber design, the state-of-the-art techniques provide kinetic information about cell migration and invasion processes in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrixes. However, the information related to the initial stage of cell migration with single-cell resolution, which plays a unique role in the metastasis-invasion cascade of cancer, is not yet available. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device integrated with ECIS for investigating single cancer cell migration in 3D matrixes. Using microfluidics techniques without the requirement of physical connections to off-chip pneumatics, the proposed sensor chip can efficiently capture single cells on microelectrode arrays for sequential on-chip 2D or 3D cell culture and impedance measurement. An on-chip single-cell migration assay was successfully demonstrated within several minutes. Migration of single metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells in their initial stage can be monitored in real time; it shows a rapid change in impedance magnitude of approximately 10 Ω/s, whereas no prominent impedance change is observed for less-metastasis MCF-7 cells. The proposed sensor chip, allowing for a rapid and selective detection of the migratory properties of cancer cells at the single-cell level, could be applied as a new tool for cancer research.
Socially secure cryptographic election scheme (1991)

The use of cryptography in an election scheme is in vain if a necessarily ‘trusted’ third party is not trustworthy. In any major election it is unlikely that there is anyone who is completely disinterested in the outcome and who could be trusted to be impartial. A cryptographic election scheme is presented where security is not impaired by dishonesty on the part of any involved party.
Optimizing Magnetic Nanoparticle Design for Nanothermotherapy (2008)

Current developments in nanotechnology offer new tools to the design of nanometric heat-generating 'foci' that can be activated remotely by an external alternating magnetic field. These nanometric heat sources may serve for therapeutic hyperthermia alone or combined with other therapeutic modalities, such as drug delivery or gene therapy. Activable therapeutic tools at the nanoscale fulfill the requirements of future medicine in terms of spatial targeting and temporal control of therapy. The present review discusses fundamental aspects regarding the design of magnetic nanoparticles with optimized properties, by unraveling physical mechanisms that govern heating power in biological media. Towards therapy, achievements and promises of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer-localized hyperthermia, targeting strategies and multivalent functionalities are exposed.
The Concept of a Supporting Moiety as Applied to the Synthesis of Anti-viral Compounds (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Concept of a Supporting Moiety as Applied to the Synthesis of Anti-viral CompoundsG. CavalliniG. CavalliniMore by G. Cavallini and E. MassaraniE. MassaraniMore by E. MassaraniCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1959, 1, 4, 365–370Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm50005a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jm50005a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Neural networks and pseudo-measurements for real-time monitoring of distribution systems (1996)

A state estimation scheme for power distribution systems, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), is proposed. Despite the influence of measurement uncertainties, it allows quantities describing the distribution system operation to be identified on-line, thereby constituting neural "pseudo-instruments". Details of the design and optimization of such a neural scheme are discussed, underlining the importance of ANN tuning to achieve greater levels of accuracy. The performance obtained in a study case, for different types of operating conditions, was analyzed and confirmed the feasibility and the robustness of the proposed approach. This neural estimation scheme proves to be preferable to traditional mathematical approaches whenever there are online requirements, due to the typically high operating speed of ANNs.
The possible role of bradykinin as a mediator in bronchial asthma. (1983)

A variety of antiasthmatic drugs were examined in a bioassay of uterine cornua of rats for determining their influence upon Bradykinin induced contractions. 4 different actions were seen: pronounced, moderate and weak suppression of enhancement of Bradykinin-activity. The most pronounced blocking effect was seen with Fenoterol, Adrenaline and Pheniramine, a moderate effect with Prednisolone and Tolazoline, a weak effect with Propranolol and DSCG. Noradrenaline showed a stimulating effect. It is postulated that Bradykinin acts via alpha-stimulation with concomitant cAMP-decrease after specific binding to Bradykinin-receptors. The results of the study suggest that Bradykinin still must be discussed as a possible mediator in obstructive airway-disease.
Measurement of Multiphase Well Fluids by Positive Displacement Meter (1991)

ABSTRACT The paper describes a novel positive displacement flowmeter developed to measure the mass and volumetric flowrates of multiphase crude oil fluids in flowlines. After an introductory review of the technical and economic incentives for the development - particularly offshore and subsea, the paper goes on to explain the hydrodynamic problems that hitherto have inhibited the use of conventional metering techniques for multiphase flow measurement. The paper then describes how these problems have been resolved by a novel combination of simple, well tried principles. The design concepts of the new meter are outlined, together with a brief review of its development from conception to the completion of endurance and calibration tests on two field trial meters. Special features of the positive displacement mechanism design, which enable the meter to withstand rigorous multiphase flow regimes, are explained. Field trial results confirming the meter's capability to resist such conditions are reported, as are the results of independent checks of its measurement accuracy, assessed over a wide range of flow regimes and void fractions. Comparison is made between the performance of the meter and that of a test separator system.
Achieving per-stream QoS with distributed airtime allocation and admission control in IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs (2005)

To support the transmission of (high-rate and oftenbursty) multimedia data with performance guarantees in an IEEE 802.11e wireless local area network (LAN), it is crucial to design judicious algorithms for admission control and resource allocation. The traffic specification element (TSPEC) of the new IEEE 802.11e standard is used to facilitate the design of the admission control. Based on the traffic profile given in the TSPEC and the dual-token bucket regulation, a guaranteed rate is derived for our airtime-based admission control. The admission control is integrated with the contention-based enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA), which together can provide so-called "parameterized QoS" - as in the polling-based HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) - via a new distributed, quantitative control of stations' airtime usage. We also extend the current QoS signaling of HCCA defined in IEEE 802.11e to perform admission control for this enhanced EDCA. Furthermore, we extend the integrated scheme for QoS provisioning in ad hoc wireless LANs and design appropriate signaling procedures. We evaluate via simulation the effectiveness of this parameterized QoS-capable EDCA scheme, and demonstrate its advantages over the centralized, polling-based HCCA scheme.
Relative Contributions of Axonal and Somatic Na Channels to Action Potential Initiation in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons (2006)

Neuronal excitability is likely to be regulated by the site of action potential initiation, the location on a neuron that crosses threshold first. Although initiation is axonal in many neurons, in Purkinje cells, somatic conductances can generate spontaneous action potentials, suggesting that the perisomatic region (soma and/or initial segment) contributes to spike initiation and may regulate firing. To identify directly the cellular regions at which Na channel modulation significantly influences firing, we measured spontaneous and evoked action potentials in Purkinje cells in cerebellar slices from postnatal day 14-28 mice while applying drugs locally to either the soma/initial segment or the first node of Ranvier. Na currents were decreased by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or increased by beta-pompilidotoxin (beta-PMTX). Dual somatic and axonal recordings indicated that spike thresholds and input-output curves were sensitive to TTX or beta-PMTX at the perisomatic region but were unchanged by either drug at the first node. When perisomatic Na channel availability was reduced with subsaturating TTX, however, the input-output curve became shallower during additional TTX block of nodal channels, revealing a latent role for nodal Na channels in facilitating firing. In perisomatic TTX, axons failed to generate spontaneous or evoked spike trains. In contrast, choline block of the initial segment alone altered normal input-output curves. The data suggest that, although the first node reliably follows action potentials, spike initiation in Purkinje neurons occurs in the initial segment. Moreover, Purkinje cell output depends on the density, availability, and kinetics of perisomatic Na channels, a characteristic that may distinguish spontaneously firing from quiescent neurons.
Cosine Directional Tuning of Theta Cell Burst Frequencies: Evidence for Spatial Coding by Oscillatory Interference (2011)

The rodent septohippocampal system contains "theta cells," which burst rhythmically at 4-12 Hz, but the functional significance of this rhythm remains poorly understood (Buzsáki, 2006). Theta rhythm commonly modulates the spike trains of spatially tuned neurons such as place (O'Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971), head direction (Tsanov et al., 2011a), grid (Hafting et al., 2005), and border cells (Savelli et al., 2008; Solstad et al., 2008). An "oscillatory interference" theory has hypothesized that some of these spatially tuned neurons may derive their positional firing from phase interference among theta oscillations with frequencies that are modulated by the speed and direction of translational movements (Burgess et al., 2005, 2007). This theory is supported by studies reporting modulation of theta frequency by movement speed (Rivas et al., 1996; Geisler et al., 2007; Jeewajee et al., 2008a), but modulation of theta frequency by movement direction has never been observed. Here we recorded theta cells from hippocampus, medial septum, and anterior thalamus of freely behaving rats. Theta cell burst frequencies varied as the cosine of the rat's movement direction, and this directional tuning was influenced by landmark cues, in agreement with predictions of the oscillatory interference theory. Computer simulations and mathematical analysis demonstrated how a postsynaptic neuron can detect location-dependent synchrony among inputs from such theta cells, and thereby mimic the spatial tuning properties of place, grid, or border cells. These results suggest that theta cells may serve a high-level computational function by encoding a basis set of oscillatory signals that interfere with one another to synthesize spatial memory representations.
Fluorescent Nanoparticle Beacon for Logic Gate Operation Regulated by Strand Displacement (2013)

A mechanism is developed to construct a logic system by employing DNA/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugates as a basic work unit, utilizing a fluorescent beacon probe to detect output signals. To implement the logic circuit, a self-assembly DNA structure is attached onto nanoparticles to form the fluorescent beacon. Moreover, assisted by regulation of multilevel strand displacement, cascaded logic gates are achieved. The computing results are detected by methods using fluorescent signals, gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscope (TEM). This work is expected to demonstrate the feasibility of the cascaded logic system based on fluorescent nanoparticle beacons, suggesting applications in DNA computation and biotechnology.
Quality of fingerprint scans captured using Optical Coherence Tomography (2014)

The performance limitations of the state-of-the-art methods for fingerprint presentation attack detection motivate the application of the Optical Coherence Tomography as the scanning technology capable of capturing all the information necessary for both the fingerprint identification and the presentation attack detection. The previous research has evidenced the need for a reliable technique for assessing quality of the captured scans so that the compliance of the capture subject behavior with acquisition rules could be verified. Good quality of these scans is not only a precondition of good system performance but it also enables reliable processing of the scanned data in the first place. This paper's contribution consists of a novel approach for estimation of the layered structure of an OCT fingerprint scan as a set of analytical surfaces and a subsequent analysis of the quality property of the obtained scan that is related to non-compliant behavior of the capture subjects. The method was able to detect 98% of low-quality scans at a false detection rate of 3%.
Safety and security in industrial control (2010)

We present a view on the system security, which draws from the previous experiences in dealing with system safety. This survey paper focuses on exploring the commonalities between safety and security with both treated as mutually complementary view of the same problem: security as protecting a computer system against the threats of the external environment, and safety as protecting the environment from potential dangers of a computer system. Mutual relationships of safety and security are discussed.