gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propylene Polymerization in Packed Reactor - Liquid Phosphoric Acid Catalyst (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPropylene Polymerization in Packed Reactor - Liquid Phosphoric Acid CatalystS. R. Bethea and J. H. KarchmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 3, 370–377Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51398a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51398a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Erythropoietin stimulating agents in the management of anemia of chronic kidney disease (2008)

Anemia is a very common clinical problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. Erythropoietin is a hormone synthesized in the kidney responsible for red blood cell maturation in the bone marrow. It is deficient in the majority of patients with advanced kidney disease thereby predisposing to anemia. Since the approval of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) by the US FDA in 1989, epoetin alfa and similar agents now collectively known as erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) have become the standard of care for the treatment of the erythropoietin-deficient anemia that occurs in most patients with CKD. In this review, we have outlined the considerations that need to be taken into account when prescribing ESA for the treatment of anemia in CKD.
Composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activity of<i>Origanum dictamnus</i>(<i>dittany</i>) essential oil (2015)

The results revealed that O. dictamnus essential oil is a noteworthy growth inhibitor against the microbes studied. It also possesses significant antioxidant activity and demonstrated excellent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells. Taken together, O. dictamnus essential oil may represent an effective and inexpensive source of potent natural antimicrobial agents with health-promoting properties, which may be incorporated in food systems.
Low power real time electronic neuron VLSI design using subthreshold technique (2004)

We discuss a VLSI electronic neuron circuit that implements the Hindmarsh and Rose neuron model. Magnitude and time scaling techniques are employed for a 2 V power supply operation. A subthreshold operation technique and a single MOS resistor are used to minimize area and power consumption. Output bursts of the electronic neuron can be modulated dynamically by varying the input voltage level. The circuit is designed using a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS standard process, and the total power dissipation is 163.4 /spl mu/watt.
Global Structure of Microwave-Assisted Flash-Extracted Sugar Beet Pectin (2008)

The global structure of microwave-assisted flash-extracted pectins isolated from fresh sugar beet pulp has been studied. The objective was to minimize the disassembly and possibly the degradation of pectin molecules during extraction. These pectins have been characterized by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with light scattering, viscometric detection, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of molecular parameters was performed on 15 and 8 microm size column packings. Samples analyzed with 15 microm packing gave weight-average molar masses that ranged from 532,000 to 1.2 million Da, radii of gyration from about 35 to 51 nm, polydispersities from 1.78 to 2.58, intrinsic viscosities from about 3.00 to 4.30 dL/g, and recoveries from 8.40 to 14.81% of dry weight. Chromatography revealed that a bimodal distribution of high molar mass spherical particles and lower molar mass coils was obtained. AFM images of pectin corroborated this conclusion and further revealed that these strands and spherical particles were integrated into networks. It is demonstrated that microwave-assisted extraction of sugar beet pulp under moderate pressure and at relatively low temperature could extract under acid conditions high molar mass, moderate-viscosity pectin in minutes rather than hours as required by conventional heating.
RAPTOR: Release-Aware and Prioritized Bug-Fixing Task Assignment Optimization (2019)

Over a decade, many bug assignment methods have been proposed in order to assist developers to read bug reports submitted daily and numerously, and to assign an appropriate developer. However, they tend to concentrate their assignments on a small number of particular developers. Applying the methods to the projects which have releases would reduce the number of bugs that developers can fix by the next release date because the time that developers can devote to bug-fixing is limited. In this study, we propose the release-aware bug-fixing task assignment method to mitigate the task concentration and increase the number of bugs that developers can fix by the next release date. This method employs mathematical programming to find the best combination at project level while the traditional methods find the best pair of a bug and a developer (at individual level).
Facilities in the United States (1981)

With every advance in our ability to generate or use the electromagnetic spectrum has come a quantum leap in both science and technology. Consider, for example, the impact of the invention of the telescope, of the discovery of x rays or of the invention of the klystron. During the past decade we have been witnessing another such quantum leap as synchrotron radiation has come into its own as a powerful tool for many applications in research and technology. Those of us who participated in the developments will remember this exciting period when, in a sense, we were learning to use extremely complex electron accelerators or storage rings simply as light sources.
Geldanamycin, a Heat Shock Protein 90-Binding Benzoquinone Ansamycin, Inhibits Steroid-Dependent Translocation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus (1997)

When they are translated, steroid receptors are assembled into a multiprotein complex containing hsp90, p23, an immunophilin, and often some hsp70. Some of the receptors, such as that for progesterone, have nuclear localization signals that are functional in the absence of hormone, and they move into the nucleus where they exist in the same multiprotein heterocomplex with hsp90. Other receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor, are localized predominantly in the cytoplasm in the absence of hormone and move into the nucleus in a hormone-dependent fashion. We have previously proposed that hsp90 and the immunophilin play a role in receptor trafficking [Pratt, W. B. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 21455-21458]. In this work, we show that treatment of L cells with geldanamycin, a benzoquinone ansamycin that binds to hsp90 and disrupts its function, impedes dexamethasone-dependent trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Because geldanamycin treatment of hormone-free cells causes a rapid loss of steroid binding activity, receptors were prebound with dexamethasone by incubating cells with hormone at 0 degrees C prior to shifting the temperature to 37 degrees C for 20 min to permit receptor transformation and translocation in the presence or absence of geldanamycin. Geldanamycin does not cause steroid to dissociate from prebound receptors, and it does not inhibit hormone-mediated receptor transformation assayed by conversion to the DNA-binding state. However, as reported previously for the progesterone receptor, geldanamycin blocks assembly of the glucocorticoid receptor-hsp90 heterocomplex at an intermediate state of assembly where the receptor is bound to hsp70 and p60, both of which are required components in the assembly mechanism. Our observations support the proposal that dynamic association of receptors with hsp90 is required for receptor translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
V-NAS: Neural Architecture Search for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation (2019)

Deep learning algorithms, in particular 2D and 3D fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), have rapidly become the mainstream methodology for volumetric medical image segmentation. However, 2D convolutions cannot fully leverage the rich spatial information along the third axis, while 3D convolutions suffer from the demanding computation and high GPU memory consumption. In this paper, we propose to automatically search the network architecture tailoring to volumetric medical image segmentation problem. Concretely, we formulate the structure learning as differentiable neural architecture search, and let the network itself choose between 2D, 3D or Pseudo-3D (P3D) convolutions at each layer. We evaluate our method on 3 public datasets, i.e., the NIH Pancreas dataset, the Lung and Pancreas dataset from the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) Challenge. Our method, named V-NAS, consistently outperforms other state-of-the-arts on the segmentation task of both normal organ (NIH Pancreas) and abnormal organs (MSD Lung tumors and MSD Pancreas tumors), which shows the power of chosen architecture. Moreover, the searched architecture on one dataset can be well generalized to other datasets, which demonstrates the robustness and practical use of our proposed method.
Getting aggressive with passive devices (2000)

The circuit boards of many mixed-signal and digital systems are now dominated by individually placed discrete passive (DP) components. This article looks at thin-film integrated passives (IPs) as an alternative to DPs in the effort to save board space and improve electrical performance and system reliability. Integrated passive components have been utilized successfully with ceramic substrate technology for over 50 years in the form of thick-film resistive and dielectric firable pastes. However, this considerable infrastructure cannot be transferred to FR4 and flex substrates due to the high firing temperatures required, and these board materials make up the vast majority of interconnect substrates, in consumer and commercial systems. Mmat has been lacking is thin-film IP materials and fabrication processes that are compatible with organic boards.
Angiotensin receptor blocker selectivity at the AT<sub>1</sub>- and AT<sub>2</sub>-receptors: conceptual and clinical effects (2000)

The advent of specific angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockers (ARBs) some ten years ago has provided substantial information on the specific actions of the AT1- and AT2-receptors. Most of the early research concentrated on the AT1-receptor, and the actions and biological roles of the AT2-receptor are much less well characterised. The AT2-receptor is involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation, and in cell differentiation and development, regeneration and apoptosis. By raising local Ang II concentrations at the AT2-receptor, selective blocking of the AT1-receptor may therefore have beneficial effects. This concept may be important for antihypertensive therapy and in cardiovascular disease in general.
Providing access to a multimedia archive using the World Wide Web and an object-relational database management system (1996)

Reformatting information currently held in databases into Web pages requires significant effort in both creating the pages initially and their subsequent maintenance. We avoid these costs by coupling a Web server indirectly to a multimedia database using additional software we have developed. This software layer translates Web requests for information into SQL queries, and generates Web pages dynamically to display the results to the user. The method we have developed allows users to query the database directly and browse for information.
Carbon dioxide in Mississippian rocks of the Paradox Basin and adjacent areas, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona (1995)

Six gas samples and two core samples were obtained from the Mississippian Leadville Limestone in the McElmo field, Colorado, and the Lisbon field, Utah. Gas samples from the McElmo field contain 97-98 percent . The 813C value for calcite from the reservoir is -0.64%c, almost identical to that for calcite from normal marine limestones (-0.02%o).
Risk Assessment of Genotoxic Impurities in New Chemical Entities: Strategies To Demonstrate Control (2013)

The control of genotoxic impurities (GTIs) is a crucial activity that is performed for any new chemical entity intended for clinical use. A key element of this is the quality risk assessment. This article seeks to examine the primary components of such a strategy, focusing specifically on the effective use of in silico assessment tools to augment this process, in particular the calculation of theoretical purge factors based on the physicochemical properties of a specific GTI and its interrelationship to the process.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> is susceptible to the cereal ear blight fungal pathogens <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> (2002)

The fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum cause ear blight disease on cereal crops worldwide. The disease lowers both grain quality and grain safety. Disease prevalence is increasing due to changes in cropping practices and the difficulties encountered by plant breeders when trying to introgress the polygene-based resistance. The molecular basis of resistance to Fusarium ear blight in cereal species is poorly understood. This is primarily due to the large size of cereal genomes and the expensive resources required to undertake gene function studies in cereals. We therefore explored the possibility of developing various model floral infection systems that would be more amenable to experimental manipulation and high-throughput gene function studies. The floral tissues of tobacco, tomato, soybean and Arabidopsis were inoculated with Fusarium conidia and this resulted in disease symptoms on anthers, anther filaments and petals in each plant species. However, only in Arabidopsis did this initial infection then spread into the developing siliques and seeds. A survey of 236 Arabidopsis ecotypes failed to identify a single genotype that was extremely resistant or susceptible to Fusarium floral infections. Three Arabidopsis floral mutants that failed to develop anthers and/or functional pollen (i.e. agamous-1, apetala1-3 and dad1) were significantly less susceptible to Fusarium floral infection than wild type. Deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin production was also detected in Fusarium-infected flowers at >1 ppm. This novel floral pathosystem for Arabidopsis appears to be highly representative of a serious cereal crop disease.
Time reversal of electromagnetic fields and its application to lightning location (2013)

In this invited lecture, we present a general survey of the electromagnetic time reversal and its application to locate lightning discharges.
A formal model for module interconnection languages (1994)

A model is proposed that formalizes the design of hierarchical module structures. The model is specified by a collection of Z schema type definitions that is invariant across all applications. A particular application is described by specifying the values of generic parameters and adding application-specific declarations and constraints to the schema definitions. As applications, the definitions in the model are used to describe the Conic configuration language and the STILE graphical design and development environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trains of particles in finite-Reynolds-number pipe flow (2004)

In finite-Reynolds-number pipe flow, we have observed long-lived trains of particles aligned with the flow. These trains are located on the Segré–Silberberg equilibrium position which is an annulus close to the wall at the large Reynolds numbers investigated. The effect seems to be controlled by inertia and more precisely by the particle Reynolds number.
The Physics of Radiation Therapy (1953)

The author's purpose is to explain, for students and physicians, the physical principles basic to an understanding of radiotherapy. The first chapter on the nature of matter and of radiation is followed by six chapters on roentgen rays, one on energy absorption, two on radium, one on high energy devices such as the betatron, and one on artificial radioactivity with emphasis on the therapeutic use of materials like cobalt 60 that emit gamma rays. Two appendixes supply a wealth of precise technical information in the form of tables and diagrams. There are many good illustrations, a subject index, and an author index, and the book as a whole is legible and attractive. It can be recommended both as an introduction for students and as a reference work for specialists using ionizing radiations therapeutically.
Database design: the semantic modeling approach (1992)

This book covers the broad field of database design from the perspective of semantic modeling. Aimed at present and future designers of database applications, software engineers, systems analysts and programmers, it aims to offer a unified study of semantic, relational, network and hierarchical databases as seen through the semantic modeling approach. The book provides a stuctured top-down methodology of database design in all the models and presents the principal types of database languages. Readers will find explanations of concepts and examples covering the full spectrum of database design, application programming and database utilization. The book first analyzes the user's application and specifies it semantically, then converts this specification into a relational database schema.
Polarization-independent broad-band nearly perfect absorbers in the visible regime (2011)

Polarization-independent broad-band absorbers in the visible regime are theoretically investigated. The absorbers are three-layered structures consisting of a lossy dielectric grating on top of a low-loss dielectric layer and a substrate of the same lossy dielectric placed at the bottom. Enhanced absorption in the underlying structure is attained over a broad range of frequency for both TE and TM polarizations. In particular, a nearly perfect absorbance (over 99.6%) is achieved at λ ≈ 600 nm, around which the absorption spectra show a substantial overlap between two polarizations. The enhanced absorption is attributed to cavity resonance and its hybridization with a weakly bound surface wave. This feature is illustrated with the electric field patterns and time-averaged power loss density associated with the resonances.
Extracellular Calcium (Ca2+o)-Sensing Receptor in a Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cell Line (ST2): Potential Mediator of the Actions of Ca2+o on the Function of ST2 Cells* (1998)

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays key roles in extracellular calcium ion (Ca2+(o)) homeostasis by mediating the actions of Ca2+(o) on parathyroid gland and kidney. Bone marrow stromal cells support the formation of osteoclasts from their progenitors as well as the growth of hematopoietic stem cells by secreting humoral factors and through cell to cell contact. Stromal cells also have the capacity to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts. Bone resorption by osteoclasts probably produces substantial local increases in Ca2+(o) that could provide a signal for stromal cells in the immediate vicinity, leading us to determine whether such stromal cells express the CaR. In this study, we used the murine bone marrow-derived, stromal cell line, ST2. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis, using an antiserum specific for the CaR, detected CaR protein in ST2 cells. We also identified CaR transcripts in ST2 cells by Northern analysis using a CaR-specific probe and by RT-PCR with CaR-specific primers, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplified products. Exposure of ST2 cells to high Ca2+(o) (4.8 mM) or to the polycationic CaR agonists, neomycin (300 microM) or gadolinium (100 microM), stimulated both chemotaxis and DNA synthesis in ST2 cells. Therefore, taken together, our data strongly suggest that the bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, ST2, possesses both CaR protein and messenger RNA that are very similar if not identical to those in parathyroid and kidney. Furthermore, as ST2 cells have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, the CaR in stromal cells could participate in bone turnover by stimulating the proliferation and migration of such cells to sites of bone resorption as a result of local, osteoclast-mediated release of Ca2+(o) and, thereafter, initiating bone formation after their differentiation into osteoblasts.
OWQS: One-Way Quantum Computation Simulator (2012)

In one-way quantum computation (1WQC) model, universal quantum computations are performed using measurements to designated qubits in a highly entangled state. The choices of basis for these measurements as well as the structure of the entanglements specify a quantum algorithm. Although a number of methods have been proposed to simulate quantum circuit model on classical computers, no efficient tool has been developed to simulate the 1WQC model directly. In this paper, some techniques such as qubit elimination, implicit and in-place matrix-vector multiplication and pattern reordering are utilized to considerably reduce the time and memory needed for the simulations. These techniques were implemented in a tool called One-Way Quantum computation Simulator (OWQS). Experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Dictyostelium discoideum: a new host model system for intracellular pathogens of the genus Legionella (2000)

The soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a haploid eukaryote that, upon starvation, aggregates and enters a developmental cycle to produce fruiting bodies. In this study, we infected single-cell stages of D. discoideum with different Legionella species. Intracellular growth of Legionella in this new host system was compared with their growth in the natural host Acanthamoeba castellanii. Transmission electron microscopy of infected D. discoideum cells revealed that legionellae reside within the phagosome. Using confocal microscopy, it was observed that replicating, intracellular, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged legionellae rarely co-localized with fluorescent antibodies directed against the lysosomal protein DdLIMP of D. discoideum. This indicates that the bacteria inhibit the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes in this particular host system. In addition, Legionella infection of D. discoideum inhibited the differentiation of the host into the multicellular fruiting stage. Co-culture studies with profilin-minus D. discoideum mutants and Legionella resulted in higher rates of infection when compared with infections of wild-type amoebae. Because the amoebae are amenable to genetic manipulation as a result of their haploid genome and because a number of cellular markers are available, we show for the first time that D. discoideum is a valuable model system for studying intracellular pathogenesis of microbial pathogens.