gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum and Pleural Fluid Procalcitonin for Discriminating Complicated Non-Purulent from Uncomplicated Parapneumonic Effusions (2010)

Objective: In parapneumonic effusions (PPE), tube thoracostomy is indicated in complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPPE) and empyema. This study focused on assessing the value of procalcitonin (PCT) in serum and pleural fluid for the identification of patients with PPE that ultimately require chest tube drainage.
Methods: A retrospective clinical study was performed with two different patient groups. A total of thirty patients with PPE were included: twelve of these patients had CPPE, and eighteen had uncomplicated parapneumonic effusions (UPPE). Serum and pleural fluid PCT concentrations were evaluated before treatment. Three classical parameters (pH, glucose and LDH) in the pleural fluid were also assessed.
Results: Serum and pleural fluid PCT concentrations were statistically different between CPPE and UPPE groups (P=0.002 and P=0.006, respectively). A positive and significant correlation was detected between serum and pleural fluid PCT levels (r=0.72, P=0.000). Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity values for serum and pleural fluid PCT in discriminating CPPE from UPPE were 61% and 92%, and 71% and 83% at the 0.26 and 0.50 ng/mL cut-off values, respectively.
Conclusion: Serum and pleural PCT in patients with PPE were significantly different between the CPPE and UPPE. They may both contribute to the identification of CPPE with at least better sensitivity than the use of pH, glucose, or lactate dehydrogenase, but the accuracy of PCT should be further investigated.
[Synthesis and comparative pharmacological studies of 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates with non-identical ester functions (author's transl)]. (1981)

Michael-addition of 3-aminocrotonic acid ester 7 to aralkylidene acetoacetic acid esters 6 is followed by ring closure to give novel 4-aryl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates 8 with non-identical ester functions. In the series of 3-nitrophenyl derivatives (8, Ar=3-nitrophenyl) the pharmacological activities (coronary vasodilation, antihypertensive activity) of the asymmetrically substituted derivatives are shown to be superior to those of the corresponding symmetrically substituted derivatives in many cases. One representative of this class 3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (nitrendipine, Bay e 5009, No. 3) was selected for further development as an antihypertensive drug.
Appearance of Human Plasma Cells Following Differentiation of Human B Cells in NOD/SCID Mouse Spleen (2003)

Relatively little is known for the differentiation and maturation process of human B cells to plasma cells. This is particularly important in reconstitution work involving transfer of autoantibodies. To address this issue, we transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) directly into the spleen of irradiated NOD/SCID mice depleted of natural killer cell activity. Within 6 weeks, naive B cells differentiated into memory B cells and, importantly, the numbers of human CD138+ plasma cells in spleen increased by 100 fold after transplantation. Plasma cell numbers correlated with the detection of human IgM and IgG in serum, indicating that human B cells had differentiated into mature plasma cells in the murine spleen. In addition to CD19+ plasma cells, a distinct CD19- plasma cell population was detected, suggesting that downregulation of CD19 associated with maturation of plasma cells occurred. When purified human B cells were transplanted, those findings were not observed. Our results indicate that differentiation and maturation of human B cells and plasma cells can be investigated by transplantation of human PBMC into the spleen of NOD/SCID mice. The model will be useful for studying the differentiation of human B cells and generation of plasma cells.
In utero fate mapping reveals distinct migratory pathways and fates of neurons born in the mammalian basal forebrain (2001)

Recent studies suggest that neurons born in the developing basal forebrain migrate long distances perpendicularly to radial glia and that many of these cells reach the developing neocortex. This form of tangential migration, however, has not been demonstrated in vivo, and the sites of origin, pathways of migration and final destinations of these neurons in the postnatal brain are not fully understood. Using ultrasound-guided transplantation in utero, we have mapped the migratory pathways and fates of cells born in the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences (LGE and MGE) in 13.5-day-old mouse embryos. We demonstrate that LGE and MGE cells migrate along different routes to populate distinct regions in the developing brain. We show that LGE cells migrate ventrally and anteriorly, and give rise to the projecting medium spiny neurons in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, and to granule and periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb. By contrast, we show that the MGE is a major source of neurons migrating dorsally and invading the developing neocortex. MGE cells migrate into the neocortex via the neocortical subventricular zone and differentiate into the transient subpial granule neurons in the marginal zone and into a stable population of GABA-, parvalbumin- or somatostatin-expressing interneurons throughout the cortical plate.
A Survey of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2003)

A review of current research about routing protocols for mobile Ad Hoc networks is made. Based on classifying of them, the characteristic, the strength and the weakness of these protocols are evaluated respectively. Then some crucial strategies to improve the existing routing protocols are proposed. Besides, a frame of new routing protocol for Ad Hoc networks is put forward. Finally, open issues that still need investigation are listed.
Myelin‐phagocytosing macrophages in isolated sciatic and optic nerves reveal a unique reactive phenotype (2007)

Abstract Macrophages are key effectors in demyelinating diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system by phagocytosing myelin and releasing immunoregulatory mediators. Here, we report on a distinct, a priori anti‐inflammatory reaction of macrophages phagocytosing myelin upon contact with damaged nerve tissue. Macrophages rapidly invaded peripheral (sciatic) and central (optic) nerve tissues in vitro , readily incorporated myelin and expressed high levels of phagocytosis‐associated molecules (e.g., Fc and scavenger receptors). In contrast, factors involved in antigen presentation (MHC class‐II, CD80, CD86) revealed only a restricted expression. In parallel, a highly ordered appearance of cytokines and chemokines was detected. IL‐10, IL‐6, CCL22, and CXCL1 were immediately but transiently induced, whereas CCL2, CCL11, and TGFβ revealed more persisting levels. Such a profile would attract neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and Th2 cells as well as bias for a Th2‐supporting environment. Importantly, proinflammatory/Th1‐supporting factors, such as TNFα, IL‐12p70, CCL3, and CCL5, were not induced. Still the simultaneous presence of TGFβ and IL‐6 could assist Th17 development, further depending on yet not present IL‐23. The release pattern was clearly distinct from reactive phenotypes induced in isolated macrophages and microglia upon treatment with IL‐4, IL‐13, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, IFNγ, or purified myelin. Nerve‐exposed macrophages thus commit to a unique functional orientation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Not Alone Here?! Scalability and User Experience of Embodied Ambient Crowds in Distributed Social Virtual Reality (2019)

This article investigates performance and user experience in Social Virtual Reality (SVR) targeting distributed, embodied, and immersive, face-to-face encounters. We demonstrate the close relationship between scalability, reproduction accuracy, and the resulting performance characteristics, as well as the impact of these characteristics on users co-located with larger groups of embodied virtual others. System scalability provides a variable number of co-located avatars and Al-controlled agents with a variety of different appearances, including realistic-looking virtual humans generated from photogrammetry scans. The article reports on how to meet the requirements of embodied SVR with today's technical off-the-shelf solutions and what to expect regarding features, performance, and potential limitations. Special care has been taken to achieve low latencies and sufficient frame rates necessary for reliable communication of embodied social signals. We propose a hybrid evaluation approach which coherently relates results from technical benchmarks to subjective ratings and which confirms required performance characteristics for the target scenario of larger distributed groups. A user-study reveals positive effects of an increasing number of co-located social companions on the quality of experience of virtual worlds, i.e., on presence, possibility of interaction, and co-presence. It also shows that variety in avatar/agent appearance might increase eeriness but might also stimulate an increased interest of participants about the environment.
Measurement-based dynamic equivalent modeling for small and medium hydropower generator group (2016)

With the scale of small and medium hydropower increasing gradually, it is difficult to establish a detailed model because the parameters of each generating unit can barely be obtained. To build a dynamic equivalent model of the hydropower generator group, this paper presents an estimation-based equivalent method, which will keep the dynamic responses and the transient stability consistent before and after the equivalence. A 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order generator and a parallel static characteristic ZIP load model are selected as the dynamic equivalent model of hydropower generator group. Based on phasor measurements in the tie line which connects to the modeled hydropower generator group, the self-adaptive control parameters modified differential evolution (SACPMDE) algorithm is used to obtain the parameters of equivalent model. The proposed method is verified in the small and medium hydropower generator group with simulation in an actual power grid of China. The results show that the proposed equivalent model has highly precision on the dynamic responses and the parameters identification method is stable. The proposed method can be used for modeling a group of small and medium hydropower generators whose structures and parameters are unknown.
Klebsiella pneumoniae pulS gene encodes an outer membrane lipoprotein required for pullulanase secretion (1989)

The product of the Klebsiella pneumoniae gene pulS, which is located downstream from the pullulanase structural gene (pulA), is essential for the cell surface localization and extracellular release of pullulanase in Escherichia coli K-12. pulS is transcribed in the opposite direction to pulA, from which it is separated by a region of 624 nucleotides. Although this latter region contains a new component of the maltose regulon, pulB, which is transcribed from the pulA promoter, it is not required for pullulanase synthesis or secretion. Unlike pulA and all other pullulanase secretion genes characterized so far, the expression of pulS is not induced by growth in the presence of maltose and is unaffected by mutations in the maltose regulator gene malT. The pulS gene product was identified as a ca. 12-kilodalton outer membrane lipoprotein. The characterization of PulS brings to three the number of identified proteins which are known to be required for pullulanase secretion in addition to the components of the signal sequence-dependent general protein export pathway.
How Computing Will Change the Face of Retail (2011)

Pervasive computing platforms present a major new opportunity for retailers to lower costs and build a deeper relationship with customers.
The involvement of the cerebellum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease in which degenerative processes are not exclusively restricted to the upper and lower motor neurons. Herein, imaging and neuropathological evidence for involvement of the cerebellum, which to date is not thought to be involved in ALS, is reviewed. Evidence for involvement of the cerebellum in ALS comes from several neuropathological studies. Especially ubiquitinated forms of TDP-43 and ubiquitinated p62-positive inclusions were frequently observed. The widely used transgenic SOD1-G93A ALS mice model showed prominent cerebellar immunostaining of pERK and alterations of tau expression. Studies using advanced MRI techniques demonstrated that several cerebral areas, including the cerebellum, were recruited in order to compensate for functional motor decline. Functional MRI, voxel based morphometry, and diffusion-tensor imaging showed these cerebellar alterations as being of functional and structural nature.
Colorizing a Masterpiece [Applications Corner] (2011)

The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of colorizing a historical arti fact-a black and white archival photo of Bathers by a River, 1909-1917, by Henri Matisse (Art Institute of Chicago 1953.158), taken in November 1913, when the art ist was still working on the painting and showing it in a significantly differ ent state compared to the one seen today. Historical accounts describe a painting that was originally a more nat uralistic, pastoral image; but over the course of several years, and under the influence of Cubism and the circum stances of World War I, Matisse radical ly revised his monumental canvas (measuring 260 X 392 cm). Matisse later considered Bathers by a River to be one of the five most pivotal works of his career [1]. Historical photographs unearthed by archival research depict the painting at various stages. The painting, along with these historical photographs, our colorized image, and other works documenting the experi mental nature of the artist's output during a period that has been studied very little until now, have been the cen terpiece of a recent exhibit, Matisse: Radical Invention 1913-1917, that was at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in March-October 2010.
Transcriptome analysis documents induced competence of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>during nitrogen limiting conditions (2002)

DNA microarrays were used to analyze the changes in gene expression in Bacillus subtilis strain 168 when nitrogen limiting (glutamate) and nitrogen excess (ammonium plus glutamate) growth conditions were compared. Among more than 100 genes that were significantly induced during nitrogen starvation we detected the comG, comF, comE, nin-nucA and comK transcription units together with recA. DNA was added to B. subtilis grown in minimal medium with glutamate as the sole nitrogen source and it was demonstrated that the cells were competent. Based on these observations we propose a simplification of previously designed one-step transformation procedures for B. subtilis strain 168.
Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexing DDO-OFDM Transmission with Successive Interference Cancellation (2016)

Two independent 2.5-Gb/s DDO-OFDM signals are simultaneously transmitted over 25km SMF using digital domain power division multiplexing and successive interference cancellation. With optimized power division ratio and enhanced SD-FEC, the spectral efficiency can be doubled.
Boss, The Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System: Determination of Particulate Carbonaceous Material Using Diffusion Denuder Sampling Technology (2020)

This chapter reviews the development of BOSS and BIG BOSS diffusion denuder sampling systems for the determination of fine particulate organic material. Applications of the denuder sampling systems to the determination and chemical characterization of atmospheric fine particulate carbonaceous material are reviewed. Thus, the "positive" quartz filter artifact has been shown to be eliminated by the use of the diffusion denuder in the BOSS and BIG BOSS sampling systems for the determination of fine particulate organic material in four different field sampling programs. The collection of all particles on a single quartz filter after the denuder will give enough material on the collected sample for determination of total carbonaceous material by TPV or similar analyses, and for GC and GC/MS identification of organic compounds in the collected samples. The research completed to the present has identified sampling systems which can be used for the routine, accurate determination of fine particulate carbonaceous material.
Studies on sampling and homogeneous dual readout calorimetry with meta-crystals (2011)

The meta-crystals concept is an approach that consists of using both undoped and properly doped heavy crystal fibers of identical material as the active medium of a calorimeter. The undoped fibers behave as Cherenkov radiators while the doped ones behave as scintillators. A dual readout calorimeter can be built with its sensitive volume composed of a mixture of both types of crystals. In addition if the calorimeter is adequately finely segmented it can also function as a particle flow calorimeter at the same time. In this way one could possibly combine the advantages of both the particle flow concept and the dual readout scheme. We discuss the approach of dual readout calorimetry with meta-crystals made of Lutetium Aluminium Garnet (LuAG). We brie fly present studies on the material development and first testbeam activities and then focus on performance expectation studies based on simulation. We discuss in more detail the results from generic systematic scannings of the design parameters of a dual readout calorimeter. The parameters under study include the transverse and longitudinal granularity, the sampling frequency and readout fraction of the scintillation and the Cherenkov signals, the total calorimeter length, the mixture of homogeneous and sampling dual readout components, their corresponding composition etc. We close with a brief outlook on open issues and further R&D needed to proceed from an ideal conceptual case to the design of a realistic detector.
Security of EPR-based Quantum Key Distribution using three bases (2000)

Modifications to a previous proof of the security of EPR-based quantum key distribution are proposed. This modified version applies to a protocol using three conjugate measurement bases rather than two. A higher tolerable error rate is obtained for the three-basis protocol.
Reevaluation of C-Reactive Protein in Cancer Sera by Radioimmunoassay and Radial Immunodiffusion (1981)

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to be ubiquitous in sera when determined by a highly sensitive methods such as radioimmunoassay. Patients with some tumors appear to have much higher serum levels of CRP than others; in these, CRP seems to reflect the tumor burden. There is a positive correlation with TNM staging and the disease activity a the time of determination. CRP shows a high degree of 'uniqueness' when correlated with other routinely used cancer markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen, placental-like alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
Information Extraction Using Controlled English to Support Knowledge-Sharing and Decision-Making (2012)

Abstract : Current and future coalition operations involve multi-team and/or multi-nation collaborations. While large volumes of structured/unstructured data are often available, improvement of data access, information extraction, and knowledge sharing is critically important but remains a major challenge for effective and efficient C2 operations. In this paper, we propose an approach to information extraction using International Technology Alliance Controlled English (CE) to improve fact extraction and knowledge sharing, aiming to enhance situation awareness and support decision-making. CE is a subset of English with a restricted grammar to reduce complexity and avoid ambiguity. The current version of CE has a formal syntax and semantics and is consistent with First Order Predicate Logic. CE is used to model both the inputs and outputs of the information extraction process, and to support end-users in configuring information extraction tools. Thus, CE provides, among other things (i) A user-friendly language for queries and system-to-user report representation. (ii) A common form of expression that supports extending and modifying domain models (ontologies), and enables mapping between models and terminology or language variants. CE-based information extraction will greatly facilitate the processes in the cognitive and social domains that enable forces with diverse backgrounds to collaborate effectively and efficiently.
Immunodiagnosis of human cysticercosis (Taenia solium) with antigens purified by monoclonal antibodies (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies were generated from mice immunized with scolex protein antigen of Cysticercus cellulosae. Three monoclonal antibodies specific for cysticercal antigens, which did not show any cross-reactivity with Taenia solium or Taenia saginata antigens, were selected. Each monoclonal antibody coupled to Sepharose could purify one antigen, which appeared as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When antigens purified by monoclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody in serum samples taken from patients with cysticercosis, taeniasis, and other parasitic infections in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cross-reactivity was observed until a serum dilution of 1:128 was reached. Since serum samples from unexposed subjects showed positive reactions until a dilution of 1:64 was reached, we chose a discriminative dilution (1:128) above which no cross-reaction was observed. The percent positive serum samples from cysticercosis patients was 100% by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with any of the antigens purified by monoclonal antibodies.
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flow in a Transonic Compressor with Curved Rotors (2008)

The unsteady 3D flow fields in a single-stage transonic compressor under designed conditions are simulated numerically to investigate the effects of the curved rotors on the stage performance and the aerodynamic interaction between the blade rows. The results show that, compared to the compressor with un-curved rotors, the compressor under scrutiny acquires remarkable increases in efficiency with significantly reduced amplitudes of the time-dependent fluctuation. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation around the stator leading edge decreases at both endwalls, but increases at the mid-span in the curved rotors. The pressure fluctuation near the stator leading edge, therefore, becomes more uniform in the radial direction of this compressor. Except for the leading edge area, the pressure fluctuation amplitude declines remarkably in the tip region of stator surface downstream of the curved rotor, but hardly changes in the middle and at the hub.
Molecular Alterations in Prostate Carcinomas that Associate with <i>In vivo</i> Exposure to Chemotherapy: Identification of a Cytoprotective Mechanism Involving Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (2007)

Consistent molecular alterations were identified in prostate cancer cells exposed to docetaxel and mitoxantrone chemotherapy. These alterations include transcripts encoding cytokines known to be regulated through the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Chemotherapy-induced cytokines and growth factors, such as GDF15, contribute to tumor cell therapy resistance and may serve as targets to improve responses.