gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Operative Fiberpyeloscope (1975)

Operative pyeloscopes developed up to now have been of limited effectivness because of an inadequate visual field and difficulties in handling procedure. The author has made up a flexible fiber pyeloscope with which it is possible to extract renal pelvic and caliceal stones easily. This pyeloscope has the following specifications: effective length, 630 mm; diameter, 8.5 mm; field of vision, 60 degrees. In addition, the tip of the scope can be deflected 90 degrees up or down from the basic position with a hand manipulated angle deflector knob on the scope grip. This allows the inside of the renal pelvis to be observed clearly from every direction. Through the channel of the scope, specially designed stone grasping forceps can be inserted into the renal pelvis, and it is possible to grasp renal pelvic stones under direct observation. The fiberpyeloscope has been used in 2 cases of renal pelvic stones, in which the pelvis was exposed by subcostal flank incision. The stones were successfully extracted with the scope which was introduced through a small incision on the renal pelvis.
Relative Influence of Hydrophobicity and Net Charge in the Aggregation of Two Homologous Proteins (2003)

A potentially amyloidogenic protein has to be at least partially unfolded to form amyloid aggregates. However, aggregation of the partially or totally unfolded state of a protein is modulated by at least three other factors: hydrophobicity, propensity to form secondary structure, and net charge of the polypeptide chain. We propose to evaluate the relative importance of net charge, as opposed to the other factors, on protein aggregation and amyloidogenicity. For this aim, we have used two homologous proteins that were previously shown to be able to form amyloid fibrils in vitro, the N-terminal domain of HypF from Escherichia coli (HypF-N) and human muscle acylphosphatase (AcP). The aggregation process from an ensemble of partially unfolded conformations is ca. 1000-fold faster for HypF-N than for AcP. This difference can mainly be attributed to a higher hydrophobicity and a lower net charge for HypF-N than for AcP. By using protein engineering methods, we have decreased the net charge of AcP to a value identical to that of wild-type HypF-N and increased the net charge of HypF-N to a value identical to that of wild-type AcP. Amino acid substitutions were selected to minimize changes in hydrophobicity and secondary structure propensities. We were able to estimate that the difference in net charge between the two wild-type proteins contributes to 20-25% of the difference in their aggregation rates. An understanding of the relative influences of these forces in protein aggregation has implications for elucidating the complexity of the aggregation process, for predicting the effect of natural mutations, and for accurate protein design.
Introduction (1999)

Abstract This work deals with the region of southern Africa in relation to democratic consolidation, dynamic modes of representation, and the mitigation of ethnic (and regional) conflict. It starts with the premise that all three objectives are desirable, and poses the question: which institutional arrangements will best facilitate effective representation, political stability, and interethnic accommodation in the emerging democracies of southern Africa? The answer to this question is sought through a comparative analysis of the effect of institutional structures in five case study countries – Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe – chosen because all have made the transition from non-democratic government to multiparty competition with varying degrees of success, and they represent at least half of the southern African region, so they comprise a useful cross section of democratic types, societal dynamics, and institutional arrangements. The study uses a hybrid methodology drawn from both new institutionalist and cultural, ‘rich descriptive’, traditions, hence, it utilizes comparative electoral systems methodology; at the same time, the discussions of the case studies are based on detailed social and politically historical descriptions. The Introduction is arranged in five main parts which: address the relevance of question of the best institutional arrangements for democratization; define the dependent (object of study), intervening, and independent (macro-institutional explanatory) variables used in the study; explain why the focus of the study is on political institutions, and discuss various alternative approaches that could have been taken; and give an outline of the contents of the chapters that follow.
Separation of fatty acids/triacylglycerol by membranes (1996)

Abstract Separation of fatty acids from triacylglycerol by membrane separation technique has been studied. Mixtures of triacylglycerols and fatty acids were extracted with alcohol, and the alcohol extracts were treated for recovery of oil by membrane separation technique. The membranes used were of both cellulosic and noncellulosic types. Polyamide membranes showed better selectivity toward fatty acid separation as compared to cellulose acetate and polysulfone membranes. For groundnut oil/fatty acid/alcohol mixture and a polyamide membrane, the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in the permeate was 86.82% at 0.7 MPa pressure when the feed had 61.71% FFA. A reasonable permeate flux of 67.36 Im −2 h −1 was obtained. Results obtained have been useful in selecting membrane material suitable for such applications.
Maternal periconceptional vitamin use, genetic variation of infant reduced folate carrier (A80G), and risk of spina bifida (2002)

Women who consume folic acid in early pregnancy reduced their risks for delivering offspring with neural tube defects (NTDs). The underlying process by which folic acid facilitated this risk reduction is unknown. Investigating genetic variation that influences cellular absorption, transport, and metabolism of folate will help fill this data gap. We focused our studies on a candidate gene that is involved in folate transport, the reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). Using data from a California population-based case control interview study (1989-1991 birth cohorts), we investigated whether spina bifida risk was influenced by an interaction between a polymorphism of infant RFC1 at nucleotide 80 (A80G) and maternal periconceptional use of vitamins containing folic acid. Allelic variants of RFC1 were determined by genotyping 133 live-born spina bifida case infants and 188 control infants. The percentages of case infants with the A80/A80, G80/G80, and G80/A80 genotypes were 27.2%, 28.0%, and 44.7%, respectively. The percentages of control infants were similar: 26.1%, 29.3%, and 44.7%. Odds ratios of 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.5-2.0) for the G80/G80 genotype and 1.1 (0.6-2.0) for the G80/A80 genotype were observed relative to the A80/A80 genotype. Among mothers who did not use vitamins, spina bifida risk was 2.4 (0.8-6.9) for infants with genotype G80/G80 compared to those with A80/A80 genotype. Among mothers who did use vitamins, the risk was 0.5 (0.1-3.1) for infants with the G80/G80 genotype. Although this study did not find an increased spina bifida risk for infants who were heterozygous or homozygous for RFC1 A80G, it did reveal modest evidence for a gene-nutrient interaction between infant homozygosity for the RFC1 G80/G80 genotype and maternal periconceptional intake of vitamins containing folic acid on the risk of spina bifida.
Piezoresistivity in Polymer‐Ceramic Composites (1990)

Composite materials composed of randomly dispersed semiconducting ceramic particles in an insulating polymer matrix show a pronounced change in resistivity with pressure. Different amounts of iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) powder and antimony‐doped tin oxide (SnO 2 :Sb) powder were dispersed in an epoxy polymer matrix to form pressure‐sensitive composites. In each family of materials, an insulator‐to‐semiconductor transition is observed in agreement with percolation theory. Composites within a certain range of filler content showed substantial piezoresistive effect under both uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure in which sensitivity is controlled by the choice of filler material and the volume fraction. The effect of temperature on the piezoresistance effect was also examined. Piezoresistors made from Fe 3 O 4 composites showed larger temperature changes than those filled with Sb‐doped SnO 2 .
Allelic diversities in rice starch biosynthesis lead to a diverse array of rice eating and cooking qualities (2009)

More than half of the world's population uses rice as a source of carbon intake every day. Improving grain quality is thus essential to rice consumers. The three main properties that determine rice eating and cooking quality--amylose content, gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature--correlate with one another, but the underlying mechanism of these properties remains unclear. Through an association analysis approach, we found that genes related to starch synthesis cooperate with each other to form a fine regulating network that controls the eating and cooking quality and defines the correlation among these three properties. Genetic transformation results verified the association findings and also suggested the possibility of developing elite cultivars through modification with selected major and/or minor starch synthesis-related genes.
On implant-based multiple gate oxide schemes for system-on-chip integration (2003)

Integrating the entire system on a chip (SoC) is one of the main challenges for many researchers all over the world. One of the major breakthroughs toward achieving this goal has been the ability to manufacture multiple gate oxides for different requirements on the same chip. The most attractive of the techniques currently in the literature is the implantation of nitrogen in silicon, which can be used to achieve the goal of multiple gate oxide thickness. The rate of oxidation depends on the amount of nitrogen incorporated at the silicon/silicon oxide interface. By modulating the amount of nitrogen incorporated at the interface, the rate of oxidation and hence the oxide thickness can be moderated. This paper reviews the diffusion, oxidation, and device issues pertaining to the use of nitrogen implants in silicon and also compares it to other implant-based techniques related to the achievement of multiple oxide thickness across the chip for SoC integration.
AVO principles, processing and inversion (2006)

In this paper, we will review the basic principles of AVO and introduce some amplitude preserving algorithms. Seismic data processing sequences for AVO analysis and some algorithms for AVO inversion will be discussed. Topics related to AVO, such as rock physics, AVO modeling, AVO interpretation, and AVO pitfalls are beyond the scope of this report.
Wireless Communications Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (2008)

This state-of-the-art survey addresses wireless communication vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle to-infrastructure. With infrastructure is here meant roadside equipment. Today, wireless links\nare used for e.g. collecting tolls, telephony, traffic congestion warnings (TCM), positioning\n(GPS). Wireless communication can also be used within safety, efficiency and infotainment\nareas. The purpose of this report is to make a survey of the available open project related\ninformation and summarize it. The considered projects were located in Europe, USA and\nJapan.\nFinally a total of 79 projects were considered significant. The approach for getting an\noverview of these projects was to combine project descriptions (i.e. project explicit views)\nwith project classification metrics (i.e. project implicit views). It is believed that this approach\nresults in a representative state-of-the-art overview of wireless communication vehicle-to-vehicle\nand vehicle-to-infrastructure projects.\nIn this report links are also given to a number of related organisations (about a hundred).\nApart from the projects as such it is possible to see differences in Europe, USA and Japan\nusing the surveyed projects. There is a strong governmental support in USA and Japan. In\nEurope governmental support is indirect via the European Commission and the picture is\nmore heterogeneous with many different countries involved. As it seems this is reflected in\n\n* The higher number of projects in Europe compared to USA and Japan.\n* More overlapping projects in Europe compared to USA and Japan. Several projects seem to address the same issues.\n\nIn Europe, maybe the projects Coopers, Safespot and CVIS will become the central projects\nsince all three are large projects with many important participants and addressing many\napplication areas.
Degraded-First Scheduling for MapReduce in Erasure-Coded Storage Clusters (2014)

We have witnessed an increasing adoption of erasure coding in modern clustered storage systems to reduce the storage overhead of traditional 3-way replication. However, it remains an open issue of how to customize the data analytics paradigm for erasure-coded storage, especially when the storage system operates in failure mode. We propose degraded-first scheduling, a new MapReduce scheduling scheme that improves MapReduce performance in erasure-coded clustered storage systems in failure mode. Its main idea is to launch degraded tasks earlier so as to leverage the unused network resources. We conduct mathematical analysis and discrete event simulation to show the performance gain of degraded-first scheduling over Hadoop's default locality-first scheduling. We further implement degraded-first scheduling on Hadoop and conduct test bed experiments in a 13-node cluster. We show that degraded-first scheduling reduces the MapReduce runtime of locality-first scheduling.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW AND FACILE SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL N‐ARYLCARBAMATES (1982)

Abstract N‐Arylformamide (I) werden mit Bleitetraacetat in Tetrachlormethan zu Isocyanaten oxidiert und durch überschüssigen Alkohol (II) zu Urethanen (III) umgesetzt.
32×32 full-mesh (1024 path) wavelength-routingWDM network based on uniform-loss cyclic-frequency arrayed-waveguide grating (2000)

A 32 × 32 full-mesh WDM metro-scale network testbed has been established using a cyclic-frequency arrayed-waveguide grating router and the following features demonstrated: (i) 32 × 32 (1024) paths are realised by only thirty-two wavelengths; (ii) all the 1024 paths transmit 10 Gbit/s data, resulting in a throughput of 10 Tbit/s; (iii) the network can be upgraded without the need for loss management; and (iv) several different-protocol subnetworks are co-implemented.
GREEKS AND THEIR PAST IN THE SECOND SOPHISTIC (1970)

GREEKS AND THEIR PAST IN THE SECOND SOPHISTIC* E. L. Bowie E. L. Bowie Corpus Christi CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar *An earlier draft of this paper was read to the Oxford Philological Society on 1 December 1967. I am very grateful to its members and to the editorial board of this journal for their helpful criticism. Author Notes Past & Present, Volume 46, Issue 1, February 1970, Pages 3–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/46.1.3 Published: 01 February 1970
Incremental segmentation of lidar point clouds with an octree‐structured voxel space (2011)

Abstract Lidar (light detection and ranging) data implicitly contains abundant three‐dimensional spatial information. The segmentation of lidar point clouds is the key procedure for transforming implicit spatial information into explicit spatial information. Common criteria used for point cloud segmentation are proximity and coherence of point distribution. An effective segmentation algorithm may apply various steps or combinations of criteria depending on the application. This paper proposes a four‐step segmentation method for lidar point clouds to deliver incremental segmentation results. Segmentation results of each step can provide the fundamental data for the next step. In the first step, the input point cloud is organised into an octree‐structured voxel space, in which the point neighbourhood is established. In the second step, connected voxels which are not empty are grouped to obtain grouped points based on proximity. The third step is a coplanar point segmentation based on both coherence and proximity, which was performed on each point group obtained in the second step. Finally, neighbouring coplanar point groups are merged into “co‐surface” point groups based on the criteria of plane connection and intersection. This scheme enables an incremental retrieval and analysis of a large lidar data‐set. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the segmentation algorithm in handling both airborne and terrestrial lidar data. It is anticipated that the incremental segmentation results will be useful for object modelling using lidar data.
A Soft Decision Output Convolutional Decoder Based on the Application of Neural Networks (2006)

The paper investigates BER characteristics of a new algorithm for decoding convolutional codes based on neural networks. The novelty of the algorithm is in its capability to generate soft output estimates of the message bits encoded. It is shown that the defined noise energy function, which is traditionally used for the soft decoding algorithm of convolutional codes, can be related to the well known log likelihood function. The coding gain is calculated using a developed simulator of a coding communication system that uses a systematic 1/2-rate convolutional code
Multiwavelength (045–106 μm) angle-resolved scatterometer or how to extend the optical window (1993)

An apparatus to record scattered light in whole space over a large range of visible and infrared wavelengths (0.45-10.6 µm) is described. Parasitic light, calibration, and dynamic range are discussed to point out performances and limits of the experimental setup. Angular measurements at several wavelengths give access to bidimensional roughness spectra of polished samples in different frequency bandwidths. The results show overlap of the spectra at the intersection of the bandwidths, which provides an extended view of surface microroughness. In the midinfrared, measurements are more difficult, and specific problems such as thermal emission are analyzed.
Quantification of HIV-RNA from dried blood spots using the Siemens VERSANT(R) HIV-1 RNA (kPCR) assay (2011)

Quantification of HIV-RNA from DBS by the VERSANT automated sample preparation and detection method can be used to diagnose virological failure in HIV-positive patients.
Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion for Adjunct Management during Vaso-occlusive Episodes in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Series (2018)

The optimal management of recurrent painful episodes in individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains unclear. Currently, the primary treatment for these episodes remains supportive, using fluids and intravenous opioid and anti-inflammatory medications. Few reports have described the use of adjunct subanesthetic doses of ketamine to opioids for treatment of refractory pain in SCD. This article reports a retrospective case series of five patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with prolonged vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs). Patients were treated with a continuous-infusion of low-dose ketamine (up to 5 µg/kg/min) after insufficient pain control with opioid analgesic therapy. Outcomes studied included impact on opioid analgesic use, a description of ketamine dosing strategy, and an analysis of adverse events due to opioid or ketamine analgesia. Descriptive statistics are provided. During ketamine infusion, patients experienced a lower reported pain score (mean numeric rating scale [NRS] score 7.2 vs. 6.4), reduced opioid-induced adverse effects, and decreased opioid dosing requirements (median reduction of 90 mg morphine equivalents per patient). The average duration of severe pain during admission prior to ketamine therapy was 8 days. Only one of five patients reported an adverse effect (vivid dreams) secondary to ketamine infusion. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) was assessed throughout therapy, with only one patient experiencing light drowsiness. Low-dose ketamine infusion may be considered as an adjunct analgesic agent in patients with vaso-occlusive episodes who report continued severe pain despite high-dose opioid therapy, particularly those experiencing opioid-induced adverse effects.
Dehydrated Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane Allograft Nerve Wrap Around the Prostatic Neurovascular Bundle Accelerates Early Return to Continence and Potency Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Propensity Score–matched Analysis (2015)

We present a propensity-matched analysis of patients undergoing placement of dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane (dHACM) around the neurovascular bundle (NVB) during nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RARP). From March 2013 to July 2014, 58 patients who were preoperatively potent (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM] score >19) and continent (no pads) underwent full NS RARP. Postoperative outcomes were analyzed between propensity-matched graft and no-graft groups, including time to return to continence, potency, and biochemical recurrence. dHACM use was not associated with increased operative time or blood loss or negative oncologic outcomes (p>0.500). Continence at 8 wk returned in 81.0% of the dHACM group and 74.1% of the no-dHACM group (p=0.373). Mean time to continence was enhanced in group 1 patients (1.21 mo) versus (1.83 mo; p=0.033). Potency at 8 wk returned in 65.5% of the dHACM patients and 51.7% of the no-dHACM group (p=0.132). Mean time to potency was enhanced in group 1, (1.34 mo), compared to group 2 (3.39 mo; p=0.007). Graft placement enhanced mean time to continence and potency. Postoperative SHIM scores were higher in the dHACM group at maximal follow-up (mean score 16.2 vs 9.1). dHACM allograft use appears to hasten the early return of continence and potency in patients following RARP.
Augmenting the Driver's View with Peripheral Information on a Windshield Display (2015)

Windshield displays (WSDs) are information displays covering the entire windshield. Current WSD test setups place information at different distances, but always within the driver's foveal field of view. We built two WSD test setups, which present information not only at various distances within the driver's visual focus, but also in the peripheral field of view. Then we evaluated the display of information in the periphery on both WSD setups in a user study. While making sure the participants would look at the peripheral information, we measured the display's impact on driving performance. Subjects were also asked about their driving experience with the windshield displays and their preference among the two setups.
An application of group testing to the file comparison problem (2003)

The file comparison problem involves the detection of differences between two copies of the same file located at different sites in a distributed computing system. The file is assumed to be partitioned into n pages, and a signature (checksum) is available for each page. Some ideas from nonadaptive group testing are used to obtain a solution to this problem for the case of arbitrary d, where d is a fixed bound on the maximum number of differing pages. A deterministic construction is presented which, for the special case d=2, improves upon previous results. For values of n<2/sup 20/ and d<or=10, the construction results in a substantially smaller number of composite signatures than the best-known asymptotic upper bound.<<ETX>>