gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiently Inducing Features of Conditional Random Fields (2012)

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) are undirected graphical models, a special case of which correspond to conditionally-trained finite state machines. A key advantage of these models is their great flexibility to include a wide array of overlapping, multi-granularity, non-independent features of the input. In face of this freedom, an important question that remains is, what features should be used? This paper presents a feature induction method for CRFs. Founded on the principle of constructing only those feature conjunctions that significantly increase log-likelihood, the approach is based on that of Della Pietra et al [1997], but altered to work with conditional rather than joint probabilities, and with additional modifications for providing tractability specifically for a sequence model. In comparison with traditional approaches, automated feature induction offers both improved accuracy and more than an order of magnitude reduction in feature count; it enables the use of richer, higher-order Markov models, and offers more freedom to liberally guess about which atomic features may be relevant to a task. The induction method applies to linear-chain CRFs, as well as to more arbitrary CRF structures, also known as Relational Markov Networks [Taskar & Koller, 2002]. We present experimental results on a named entity extraction task.
Learning concept importance using a weighted dependence model (2010)

Modeling query concepts through term dependencies has been shown to have a significant positive effect on retrieval performance, especially for tasks such as web search, where relevance at high ranks is particularly critical. Most previous work, however, treats all concepts as equally important, an assumption that often does not hold, especially for longer, more complex queries. In this paper, we show that one of the most effective existing term dependence models can be naturally extended by assigning weights to concepts. We demonstrate that the weighted dependence model can be trained using existing learning-to-rank techniques, even with a relatively small number of training queries. Our study compares the effectiveness of both endogenous (collection-based) and exogenous (based on external sources) features for determining concept importance. To test the weighted dependence model, we perform experiments on both publicly available TREC corpora and a proprietary web corpus. Our experimental results indicate that our model consistently and significantly outperforms both the standard bag-of-words model and the unweighted term dependence model, and that combining endogenous and exogenous features generally results in the best retrieval effectiveness.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N‐(1‐OXIDO‐4‐PYRIDYLMETHYL)‐3,5‐DIMETHYLBENZAMIDE WITH MALONONITRILE IN ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (1984)

Abstract Das NoOxid (I) reagiert mit Malonitril (II) in Acetanhydrid zum Pyrimidinon (III).
Criteria for success with threaded cups (design, material and modularity). (2003)

The screw-in behavior of threaded cups is largely determined by the design of the threads. Material and surface of threaded cups influence osseointegration and therefore long-term results. Contemporary threaded cups have a narrow V-cut and saw threads or flat threads with depths up to 3 mm, on average 4 turns, and pith values of approximately 4.5 mm. Three generations of threaded cups development were necessary to procure the current form with highly satisfactory mid- and long-term results.
Multiplexed approach for the fiber optic gyro inertial measurement unit (1991)

A novel approach in fiber-optic gyro (FOG) technology was developed and incorporated into a strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU). In this approach, optical switches are used to multiplex a single light source, detector, and electronics among three FOG axes. The multiplexed operation of the FOG triad extends the inherent advantages of the single-axis FOG to attain small size, light weight, and low power dissipation and provides a high-performance low-cost IMUs with improved reliability and reduced random drift. A scheme of the triad system is presented.
Reversible H<sub>2</sub> Addition across a Nickel–Borane Unit as a Promising Strategy for Catalysis (2012)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of nickel complexes of the chelating diphosphine-borane ligands ArB(o-Ph(2)PC(6)H(4))(2) ([(Ar)DPB(Ph)]; Ar = Ph, Mes). The [(Ar)DPB(Ph)] framework supports pseudo-tetrahedral nickel complexes featuring η(2)-B,C coordination from the ligand backbone. For the B-phenyl derivative, the THF adduct [(Ph)DPB(Ph)]Ni(THF) has been characterized by X-ray diffraction and features a very short interaction between nickel and the η(2)-B,C ligand. For the B-mesityl derivative, the reduced nickel complex [(Mes)DPB(Ph)]Ni is isolated as a pseudo-three-coordinate "naked" species that undergoes reversible, nearly thermoneutral oxidative addition of dihydrogen to give a borohydrido-hydride complex of nickel(II) which has been characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR. Furthermore, [(Mes)DPB(Ph)]Ni is an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of olefin substrates under mild conditions.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and NBMPR-insensitive (ei) Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter Proteins (rENT1 and rENT2) from Rat Tissues (1997)

Equilibrative nucleoside transport processes in mammalian cells are either nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) or NBMPR-insensitive (ei). Previously, we isolated a cDNA from human placenta encoding the 456-residue glycoprotein hENT1. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, hENT1 mediated es-type transport activity and was inhibited by coronary vasoactive drugs (dipyridamole and dilazep) that may compete with nucleosides and NBMPR for binding to the substrate binding site. We now report the molecular cloning and functional expression of es and ei homologs of hENT1 from rat tissues; rENT1 (457 residues) was 78% identical to hENT1 in amino acid sequence, and rENT2 (456 residues) was 49-50% identical to rENT1/hENT1 and corresponded to a full-length form of the delayed-early proliferative response gene product HNP36, a protein of unknown function previously cloned in truncated form. rENT1 was inhibited by NBMPR (IC50 = 4.6 nM at 10 microM uridine), whereas rENT2 was NBMPR-insensitive (IC50 > 1 microM). Both proteins mediated saturable uridine influx (Km = 0.15 and 0.30 mM, respectively), were broadly selective for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, including adenosine, and were relatively insensitive to inhibition by dipyridamole and dilazep (IC50 > 1 microM). These observations demonstrate that es and ei nucleoside transport activities are mediated by separate, but homologous, proteins and establish a function for the HNP36 gene product.
Contact Angles of Lennard-Jones Liquids and Droplets on Planar Surfaces (2007)

The contact angles of liquids and droplets of Lennard-Jones particles on a solid surface are determined by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations show that the angles of contact are established within the first fluid layer. The droplets are not spherical segment-shaped. For an attractive surface corresponding to a small contact angle, the observed contact angles disagree with the corresponding angles obtained for macroscopic systems and using Young's equation and its extension for droplets with line tension.
Ti Nano-nodular Structuring for Bone Integration and Regeneration (2008)

Nanostructuring technology has been proven to create unique biological properties in various biomaterials. Here we present a discovered phenomenon of titanium nano-nodular self-assembly that occurs during physical vapor depositions of titanium (Ti) onto specifically conditioned micro-textured titanium surfaces, and test a hypothesis that the Ti nanostructure has the potential to enhance bone-titanium integration. The nanostructure creation effectively provided geometrical undercut and increased the surface area by up to 40% compared with the acid-etched surface with microtopography. Depending on the size control, the nano-nodules can be added without smearing the existing micro-texture, creating a nano-micro-hybrid architecture. Titanium implants with 560-nm nano-nodules produced 3.1 times greater strength of osseointegration than those with an acid-etched surface in a rat femur model. The discovered titanium nano-nodular self-structuring has been proven feasible on biocompatible materials other than titanium, offering new avenues for the development of implant surfaces and other implantable materials for better bone-generative and -regenerative potential.
[Expression of c-myc and c-ki-ras oncogene in human pancreatic carcinoma]. (1992)

Using Northern blot technique, the oncogene expression in normal pancreatic tissue and human pancreatic carcinoma PC-2 and PC-3 cell lines was studied. Four oncogene probes (c-N-ras, c-ki-ras, c-myc and c-fos) consisting of recovered endonuclease digested fragments were nick translated. After hybridization and autoradiography, none of the four oncogenes was expressed in the normal human pancreatic tissue, but the human pancreatic carcinoma PC-2 and PC-3 cell lines expressed the c-myc and c-ki-ras genes. Their transcripts were 2.7 and 6.0 kb, respectively. Expression of the other two oncogenes (c-N-ras and c-fos) was not detected. The results of this study together with those reported in the literature verify the fact that the expression of c-myc and c-ki-ras oncogenes may play a very important role in the development of human pancreatic carcinoma.
REPORTA ZARAGOZA AVANCES EN INVESTIGACIÓN, ENSEÑANZA, POSGRADO Y ASISTENCIA A LA POBLACIÓN (1998)

EL DOCTOR BENNY WEISS STEIDER PRESENTO EL 4 DE MAYO EL CUARTO INFORME DE LABORES DE SU SEGUNDO PERIODO COMO DIRECTOR DE LA FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES (FES) ZARAGOZA, ANTE EL RECTOR FRANCISCO BARNES DE CASTRO Y LOS DIRECTORES DE LAS OTRAS UNIDADES MULTIDISCIPLINARIAS. ENTRE LO MAS SOBRESALIENTE DE SU GESTION, DESTACO EL INCREMENTO DEL 81 POR CIENTO EN EL INDICE DE TITULACION; EL SERVICIO DE LAS UNIDADES MULTIDISCIPLINARIAS DE ATENCION INTEGRAL (UMAI) Y DE LOS CENTROS DE INVESTIGACION DE MODELOS DE SERVICIO EN ODONTOLOGIA (IMSO), Y EL DESARROLLO DE 325 PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACION, DE ENTRE LOS CUALES LA FACULTAD CUENTA CON DOS PATENTES, UNA EN SINTESIS DE F RMACOS Y OTRA EN MEDICINA, Y UNA MAS QUE EST  EN PROCESO DE APROBACION, EN EL  REA DE ODONTOLOGIA. INFORMO TAMBIEN SOBRE LOS CONVENIOS SIGNADOS CON DIFERENTES INSTITUCIONES PUBLICAS Y PRIVADAS; DE LA OBTENCION DE 379 PREMIOS DE SERVICIO SOCIAL GUSTAVO BAZ PRADA; DE LOS AVANCES EN EDUCACION CONTINUA Y POSGRADO, ASI COMO DEL ACERVO BIBLIOTECARIO DE ESTA UNIDAD MULTIDISCIPLINARIA.
Quarter-Level Analysis of Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis in Primiparous Heifers Following the Use of a Teat Sealant or an Injectable Antibiotic, or Both, Precalving (2007)

This study investigated the effect of infusion of a bismuth subnitrate teat canal sealant or an injectable antibiotic, or both, in heifers on the cure of existing intramammary infection (IMI), incidence of new IMI, prevalence of postcalving IMI, and incidence of clinical mastitis in the first 2 wk postcalving at the quarter level. Heifers (n = 1,067) in 30 seasonally calving, pasture-fed dairy herds were randomly assigned at the heifer level to 1 of 4 treatments (no treatment; 3 intramuscular injections of 5 g of tylosin antibiotic at 24-h intervals; infusion of a teat sealant into all 4 quarters; 3 intramuscular injections of 5 g of tylosin antibiotic and infusion of teat sealant into all 4 quarters). Mammary gland secretion samples were collected from each quarter of every heifer before treatment. Heifers within a herd were enrolled on one calendar day, 27 d (on average) before the planned start of the seasonal calving period. Duplicate milk samples were collected from each gland within 5 d after calving for bacterial culture and from glands the herdowners diagnosed as having clinical mastitis. The relative risk of effect of treatment on the incidence of cure, incidence of new IMI, prevalence of postcalving IMI, and incidence of clinical mastitis were calculated at the gland level using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Neither infusion of a teat sealant nor treatment with the injectable antibiotic increased the cure of precalving IMI. Infusion of the teat sealant reduced the risk of new IMI with any pathogen by 74%, reduced the prevalence of postcalving IMI by 65%, reduced the risk of new infection with Streptococcus uberis by 70% in quarters with an IMI precalving, and reduced the incidence of clinical mastitis from which a pathogen was isolated by 70% in quarters with an IMI precalving. Parenteral antibiotic treatment had no effect on any of these outcomes. In conclusion, use of an internal teat-canal sealant in heifers reduced the postcalving IMI prevalence and the incidence of pathogen-associated clinical mastitis postcalving by decreasing the incidence of new infections over this high-risk peripartum period, and may be a useful tool for reducing the risk of mastitis in heifers.
Enhancing Post-Expansion Chondrogenic Potential of Costochondral Cells in Self-Assembled Neocartilage (2013)

The insufficient healing capacity of articular cartilage necessitates mechanically functional biologic tissue replacements. Using cells to form biomimetic cartilage implants is met with the challenges of cell scarcity and donor site morbidity, requiring expanded cells that possess the ability to generate robust neocartilage. To address this, this study assesses the effects of expansion medium supplementation (bFGF, TFP, FBS) and self-assembled construct seeding density (2, 3, 4 million cells/5 mm dia. construct) on the ability of costochondral cells to generate biochemically and biomechanically robust neocartilage. Results show TFP (1 ng/mL TGF-β1, 5 ng/mL bFGF, 10 ng/mL PDGF) supplementation of serum-free chondrogenic expansion medium enhances the post-expansion chondrogenic potential of costochondral cells, evidenced by increased glycosaminoglycan content, decreased type I/II collagen ratio, and enhanced compressive properties. Low density (2 million cells/construct) enhances matrix synthesis and tensile and compressive mechanical properties. Combined, TFP and Low density interact to further enhance construct properties. That is, with TFP, Low density increases type II collagen content by over 100%, tensile stiffness by over 300%, and compressive moduli by over 140%, compared with High density. In conclusion, the interaction of TFP and Low density seeding enhances construct material properties, allowing for a mechanically functional, biomimetic cartilage to be formed using clinically relevant costochondral cells.
Cyclic ADP-Ribose Does Not Regulate Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release in Intact Cardiac Myocytes (1996)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular second messenger known to mobilize Ca2+ in sea urchin eggs, has been implicated in modulating Ca2+ release in a variety of mammalian tissues. On the basis of studies of isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles and single SR Ca2+ release channels, cADPR has also been proposed to be a modulator of SR Ca2+ release in heart. In the present study, we directly examined the ability of cADPR to trigger SR Ca2+ release and to modulate Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in intact rat ventricular myocytes. Voltage-clamped myocytes were dialyzed with up to 100 mumol/L caged cADPR and 0.6 mumol/L calmodulin along with the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye fluo 3. A step increase in the cADPR concentration induced by flash photolysis of caged cADPR neither directly triggered SR Ca2+ release nor modulated CICR in intact myocytes. In contrast, under similar conditions, extracellular application of caffeine (1 to 2.5 mmol/L) onto myocytes produced both effects. Under equivalent conditions, flash photolysis of caged cADPR-loaded sea urchin eggs resulted in large Ca2+ transients. Further, the sustained presence of high cytosolic concentrations of either cADPR or its antagonist, 8-amino-cADPR, was ineffective in altering normal CICR in myocytes. These findings indicate that cADPR does not regulate SR Ca2+ release in intact cardiac myocytes.
Complement Receptor 1 Expression on Mouse Erythrocytes Mediates Clearance of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>by Immune Adherence (2010)

Complement-containing immune complexes can be presented to phagocytes by human erythrocytes bearing complement receptor 1 (CR1). Although this has long been assumed to be a mechanism by which humans are able to protect themselves from "extracellular" bacteria such as pneumococci, there is little direct evidence. In these studies we have investigated this question by comparing results for erythrocytes from transgenic mice expressing human CR1 on their erythrocytes to the results for wild-type mouse erythrocytes that do not express CR1. We demonstrate that human CR1 expression on murine erythrocytes allows immune adherence to beads opsonized with either mouse or human serum as a source of complement. The role of CR1 in immune adherence was supported by studies showing that it was blocked by the addition of antibody to human CR1. Furthermore, human CR1 expression enhances the immune adherence of opsonized pneumococci to erythrocytes in vitro, and the pneumococci attached to erythrocytes via CR1 can be transferred in vitro to live macrophages. Even more importantly, we observed that if complement-opsonized pneumococci are injected intravenously with CR1(+) mouse erythrocytes into wild-type mice (after a short in vitro incubation), they are cleared faster than opsonized pneumococci similarly injected with wild-type mouse erythrocytes. Finally, we have shown that the intravenous (i.v.) injection of pneumococci into CR1(+) mice also results in more rapid blood clearance than in wild-type mice. These data support that immune adherence via CR1 on erythrocytes likely plays an important role in the clearance of opsonized bacteria from human blood.
The role of the Eph-ephrin signalling system in the regulation of developmental patterning (2002)

The Eph and ephrin system, consisting of fourteen Eph receptor tyrosine kinase proteins and nine ephrin membrane proteins in vertebrates, has been implicated in the regulation of many critical events during development. Binding of cell surface Eph and ephrin proteins results in bi-directional signals, which regulate the cytoskeletal, adhesive and motile properties of the interacting cells. Through these signals Eph and ephrin proteins are involved in early embryonic cell movements, which establish the germ layers, cell movements involved in formation of tissue boundaries and the pathfinding of axons. This review focuses on two vertebrate models, the zebrafish and mouse, in which experimental perturbation of Eph and/or ephrin expression in vivo have provided important insights into the role and functioning of the Eph/ephrin system.
Recent advances in palladium catalysts for aryl chlorides coupling reaction (2005)

Aryl chlorides, an inexpensive material with lower reactivity than bromo aryl or iodo aryl, can be used in the cross coupling reaction forming carbon-carbon bond and carbon-hetero bond when catalyzed by appropriate palladium catalyst. Recent advances in palladium catalysts for coupling reaction of aryl chlorides were reviewed. Palladium catalysts with suitable ligands can effectively catalyze Suzuki coupling, Negishi reaction, Stille reaction and Heck reaction of aryl chlorides and hetero-aryl chlorides.
Generation of 30 μJ single-cycle terahertz pulses at 100 Hz repetition rate by optical rectification (2008)

We report the generation of 30 microJ single-cycle terahertz pulses at 100 Hz repetition rate by phase-matched optical rectification in lithium niobate using 28 mJ femtosecond laser pulses. The phase-matching condition is achieved by tilting the laser pulse intensity front. Temporal, spectral, and propagation properties of the generated terahertz pulses are presented. In addition, we discuss possibilities for further increasing the energy of single-cycle terahertz pulses obtained by optical rectification.
Tabu Search for Job Shop Scheduling (1995)

Job shop scheduling with m different machines and n different jobs is a NP-hard problem of combinatorial optimization. The purpose of the paper is to develop the heuristic method using tabu search for job shop scheduling to minimize makespan or mean flowtime. To apply tabu search to job shop scheduling problem, in this paper we propose the several move methods that employ insert moves in order to generate the neighbor solutions, and present the efficient rescheduling procedure that yields active schedule for a changed operation sequence by a move of operations. We also discuss the tabu search techniques of diversifying the search of solution space as well as the simple tabu search. By experiments, we find the appropriate tabu list size and tabu attributes, and analyze the proposed tabu search techniques with respect to the quality of solutions and the efforts of computation. The experimental results show that the proposed tabu search techniques using long-term memory function have the ability to search a good solution, and are more efficient in the mean flowtime minimization problem than in the makespan minimization.
CFD Simulation of Liquid Film Flow on Inclined Plates (2004)

Abstract A two‐phase flow CFD model using the volume of fluid (VOF) method is presented for predicting the hydrodynamics of falling film flow on inclined plates, corresponding to the surface texture of structured packing. Using the proposed CFD model the influence of the solid surface microstructure, liquid properties and gas flow rate on the flow behavior was investigated. From the simulated results it was shown that under the condition of no gas flow the liquid flow patterns are dependent on the microstructure of the plates, and proper microstructuring of the solid surface will improve the formation of a continuous liquid film. It was also found that liquid properties, especially surface tension, play an important role in determining the thin‐film pattern. However, there are very different liquid film patterns under the action of gas flow. Thinner liquid films break easily, but thicker liquid films can remain continuous even at higher gas flow rates, which demonstrates that all factors affecting the liquid film thickness will affect the liquid film patterns under conditions of counter‐current two‐phase flow.
Implementing a Parallel Matrix Factorization Library on the Cell Broadband Engine (2009)

Matrix factorization (or often called decomposition) is a frequently used kernel in a large number of applications ranging from linear solvers to data clustering and machine learning. The central contribution of this paper is a thorough performance study of four popular matrix factorization techniques, namely, LU, Cholesky, QR and SVD on the STI Cell broadband engine. The paper explores algorithmic as well as implementation challenges related to the Cell chip-multiprocessor and explains how we achieve near-linear speedup on most of the factorization techniques for a range of matrix sizes. For each of the factorization routines, we identify the bottleneck kernels and explain how we have attempted to resolve the bottleneck and to what extent we have been successful. Our implementations, for the largest data sets that we use, running on a two-node 3.2 GHz Cell BladeCenter (exercising a total of sixteen SPEs), on average, deliver 203.9, 284.6, 81.5, 243.9 and 54.0 GFLOPS for dense LU, dense Cholesky, sparse Cholesky, QR and SVD, respectively. The implementations achieve speedup of 11.2, 12.8, 10.6, 13.0 and 6.2, respectively for dense LU, dense Cholesky, sparse Cholesky, QR and SVD, when running on sixteen SPEs. We discuss the interesting interactions that result from parallelization of the factorization routines on a two-node non-uniform memory access (NUMA) Cell Blade cluster.