gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waterflood Performance in the Presence of Stratification and Formation Plugging (1971)

Abstract Waterflooding a stratified formation consisting of communicating layers of different permeabilities poses serious problems of early permeabilities poses serious problems of early water breakthrough and prohibitively high producing water-oil ratios thereafter. One of producing water-oil ratios thereafter. One of the measures widely used for combatting such a situation is plugging of the high permeability zones within the wellbore, upon which large sums are spent annually. One of the purposes of the present study is to demonstrate the present study is to demonstrate the ineffectiveness of formation plugging as a means for correcting the flood conformance. A two-phase, three-dimensional reservoir simulator, including capillary and gravity effects, was developed, and used to investigate the flood performance under a number of situations involving reservoir permeability variations. The simulator was designed to utilize Stone's newly proposed Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP), which was found to be more Procedure (SIP), which was found to be more accurate and faster than ADIP in comparison runs. The simulator was tested under a variety of conditions, giving highly accurate material balances and relatively large stable time steps. Simulations of formation plugging in order to shut off high permeability strata showed that shortly beyond the plugged region the flow behavior is such as if no plugging were present. As a result, the waterflood recovery (at any throughput) is nearly the same as for the unplugged case, the variation with injection rate being negligibly small. In both the plugged and unplugged cases it was evident that the capillary and gravity effects play an important role in smoothing out the flood profile. Many of the simplified approaches, based upon no flow among the strata and neglecting said effects can lead to highly erroneous results. For instance, in one test the oil recovery as predicted by the simulator in such a situation was three times that predicted by Dykstra and Parson's method. predicted by Dykstra and Parson's method. Further tests were conducted to examine the effect of randomization of core data. It was found that the three-dimensional waterflood performance where core data are assumed to be a performance where core data are assumed to be a random sample of the reservoir is much better than if such data are assumed to represent a layered system. The simulator results point to the need for lateral permeability extrapolations that are intermediate to the above two extremes.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a uropathogen in an Irish setting (2017)

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in the community and in the hospital setting. Their treatment is complicated by drug-resistant pathogens and the colonization by microbes of indwelling urinary catheters. This study assessed the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) uropathogens isolated for 5 consecutive years at University Hospital Waterford between 2010 and 2014. We created 4 clinically relevant subdivisions, based on urine source: hospital inpatients, patients from the Emergency Department, patients referred from their General Practitioner, and Nursing Home patients. We performed a retrospective review from the hospital's electronic microbiological system and calculated resistance rates for each of the standard antimicrobial agents. During the 5-year study period, we studied 151 urine isolates obtained from 128 patients who had an MRSA cultured in their urine sample. There was 100% resistance of all MRSA isolates to Flucloxacillin and Coamoxiclav. Ninety-eight percent of isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The resistance rate for Trimethoprim was 7.4% and there was only 2.7% resistance for Nitrofurantoin. For a clinical subset of patients, we also demonstrated 100% sensitivity for samples tested against Teicoplanin and Vancomycin. Urinary MRSA is an infrequently studied phenomenon, but with the rising trend of hospital superbugs nationally, its management is of critical importance. Suitable agents to address this within our population include Nitrofurantoin in the well patient requiring urinary MRSA eradication or Vancomycin/Teicoplanin in the unwell patient requiring intravenous therapy. In all groups, fluoroquinolones should be avoided due to significant resistance rates.
Changes in Amino Acid Composition Associated with Tolerance to Partial Desiccation of Celery Somatic Embryos (1992)

Tolerance to partial desiccation and amino acid composition of celery (Apium graveolens L. cv. SB 12) somatic embryos were investigated under various culture durations and with exogenous application of 1 μ m ABA, proline, and/or γ -aminobutyrate (GABA). ABA consistently increased tolerance to partial desiccation and elevated proline and GABA content of embryos. The changes in tolerance to partial desiccation associated with changes in culture duration (optimum 9 to 10 days) correlated with embryo proline content. Exogenous proline increased embryo proline content and tolerance to partial desiccation. Exogenous GABA increased embryo GABA content and tolerance to partial desiccation only when applied in combination with proline. Chemical name used: abscisic acid (ABA).
Repeated invasive lung function measurements in intubated mice: an approach for longitudinal lung research (2011)

Invasive lung function measurements are useful tools to describe respiratory disease models in mice but only result in one time-point measurements because of tracheostomy. We explored if intubation may overcome the need for tracheostomy thereby allowing invasive lung function monitoring of individual mice over time. Repeated invasive lung function measurements with Scireq(©) - FlexiVent or Buxco(©) - Forced Pulmonary Maneuvers(®) were performed three times in BALB/c mice with intervals of 10 days. Each lung function assessment following intubation was compared with a similar measurement in age-matched tracheostomized mice, the golden standard in lung function measurements. Tracheostomy and intubation gave similar results for resistance, elastance and compliance of the whole respiratory system as assessed by Flexivent. Likewise, Forced Pulmonary Maneuvers used to measure lung volumes such as total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s and forced vital capacity, resulted in identical outcomes for both airway approaches. No interaction was found between the procedures for any of the pulmonary function variables. The observed changes over time were rather related to animal growth than to repetitive intubation. Eighty percent of the animals survived three consecutive intubations, which were hampered by transient breathing difficulties, weight loss and neutrophilic bronchoalveolar lavage immediately postextubation. Repetitive invasive lung function measurements by intubation are feasible and reproducible in healthy mice and results are comparable to the standard method. This may open new perspectives for longitudinal research in animal models of respiratory diseases.
Rolling route for refining grains of super light Mg-Li alloys containing Sc and Be (2010)

在 Sc 上开创工作或 / 并且被增加有精制谷物的 Mg-Li 合金被开始。这些 Mg-Li 合金上的各种各样的基于转动的 thermo 机械的处理被执行。四 Mg-Li 合金被融化过程的真空准备。为生产好谷物的一条唯一的线路被使用哪个在 350 癥 结束了答案处理吗？
PHOTOREGULATION OF ROOT: SHOOT RATIO IN SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS* (1990)

Abstract— The partitioning of plant growth between shoot and root has the potential to affect diverse physiological processes including water and nutrient uptake, nitrogen fixation, light interception, and interactions between plant and soil microorganisms. Root: shoot ratio is determined both by genetics and developmental status as well as by availability of water, nutrients and light. It is shown here that relative root growth was modulated by photomorphogenetic treatments designed to affect phytochrome (supplemental far‐red radiation given either as an end‐of‐day treatment or continuously during the photoperiod) or blue light photoreceptors (blue light‐deficient low pressure sodium lamps ± low irradiances of supplemental blue [i.e. 5% of total photon flux: 25 μ.mol m −2 s −1 ]). Photomorphogenetic control of root: shoot ratio was apparent within1–2 days when light treatments were initiated at emergence, and did not necessarily involve changes in net seedling growth. On the other hand, shortened daylength inhibited early seedling growth but had little effect on partitioning. Changes in relative root dry matter induced by supplemental far red radiation or blue light deficiency were similar to those caused by low irradiances, suggesting that phytochrome or blue light photoreceptors may be involved in regulating the partitioning of growth between shoot and root as a part of adaptation to vegetation shade. The influence of spectral quality on root: shoot ratio should be considered when comparing plants grown under different types of lighting or with different spacing.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 3‐Fluoro‐2‐piperazinyl‐5,8,13‐trihydro‐5‐oxoquino[1,2‐<i>a</i>][3,1]benzoxazine‐6‐carboxylic Acids as Potential Antibacterial Agents (1997)

Abstract 3‐Fluoro‐2‐piperazinyl‐5,8,13‐trihydro‐5‐oxoquino[1,2‐ a ][3,1]‐benzoxazine‐6‐carboxylic acids were designed and synthesized as potential DNA gyrase inhibitors and antibacterial agents. The design rationale rests on the proposition made by Ohta and Koga that in order for N 1 ‐aryl substituted quinolones to posses antibacterial activity the N 1 ‐aryl ring should be oriented out of the plane of the quinolone ring. α‐[Bis(methylthio)methylene]‐2,4,5‐trifluoro‐β‐oxobenzenepropanoic acid tert ‐butyl ester ( 6 ) obtained by the treatment of 2,4,5‐trifluoro‐β‐oxobenzenepropanoic acid tert ‐butyl ester ( 5 ) with carbon disulfide and methyl iodide in the presence of cesium carbonate was used as a key intermediate, yielding tert ‐butyl 2,3‐difluoro‐5,8,13‐trihydro‐5‐oxoquino[1,2‐ a ][3,1]benzoxazine‐6‐carboxylate ( 8 ) upon treatment with 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol. The coupling of 8 with piperazines followed by the hydrolysis of the ester under acidic conditions afforded the desired product ( 3 ). Contrary to expectation, both compounds ( 3a,b ) were, however, devoid of antibacterial activity, suggesting that for N 1 ‐aryl substituted quinolones to exhibit antimicrobial activity important structural feature(s) other than the conformational requirement of the N 1 ‐aryl ring with respect to the quinolone nucleus should also be satisfied.
Digital Production Switchers (1986)

This article describes the equipment developed for the experimental all-digital studio at Rennes, France. It concentrates on the digital switcher, which constitutes the heart of the studio. Some of the topics covered include the distribution system and its associated switching matrix, four effects buses, and two preset program buses allowing four-plane pictures to be made (two backgrounds and two foregrounds); and accessories such as the electronic pattern generator, colored backgrounds generator, and the subtitling unit. Some new features which are only feasible when using digital processing and recording include downstream chroma key, accurate color correction, and automatic phasing between differing input signals by use of digital signal words.
Effects of training data distribution on backpropagation generalization (2002)

The authors investigate the effects of the training data set distribution on the generalization capability of multilayer neural networks with backpropagation. The sensitivity of the neural network performance to the training data set distribution and how this performance varies are shown visually. An appropriate way to select this distribution is outlined. The results are presented by using a medical diagnosis pattern recognition problem, with different diagnosis of one main symptom: vaginal discharge of nonmenstruating women. This database permits easy generation of typical data of simulated patients by Monte Carlo random simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The approach of data mining methods for medical database (2005)

With the advancement of computer science; the database concept has been widely used in medical information system for processing large volumes of data. Symbolic and numeric data will define the need for new data analysis techniques and tools for knowledge discovery. Three popular algorithms for data mining which includes Bayesian Network (BN), C4.5 in Decision Tree (DT), and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) were evaluated in this paper. Two classes of dataset are used as testing data. The first dataset, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, is used to check whether the breast tumor is malignant. The second dataset, Tongue Diagnosis Image, is used to check whether upper GI is disorder. The result shows that BN had a good presentation in diagnosis ability. By using BN showed the accuracy about 94.6% in diagnosing breast tumor and 85.5% in upper GI disorder. The C4.5 learning algorithms in DT was able to explain diagnosis knowledge and rules. Its accuracy was 94.4% to diagnose a breast tumor, but it was just only 63.9% in upper GI disorder. The best performance among these three algorithms is BPN and its accuracy is 96.0% in diagnosing a breast tumor and 91.6% in diagnosing upper GI disorder, respectively.
Model prediction of subendocardial perfusion of the coronary circulation in the presence of an epicardial coronary artery stenosis (2008)

The subendocardium is most vulnerable to ischemia, which is ameliorated by relaxation during diastole and increased coronary pressure. Recent clinical techniques permit the measuring of subendocardial perfusion and it is therefore important to gain insight into how measurements depend on perfusion conditions of the heart. Using data from microsphere experiments a layered model of the myocardial wall was developed. Myocardial perfusion distribution during hyperemia was predicted for different degrees of coronary stenosis and at different levels of Diastolic Time Fraction (DTF). At the reference DTF, perfusion was rather evenly distributed over the layers and the effect of the stenosis was homogenous. However, at shorter or longer DTF, the subendocardium was the first or last to suffer from shortage of perfusion. It is therefore concluded that the possible occurrence of subendocardial ischemia at exercise is underestimated when heart rate is increased and DTF is lower.
A High-Speed Deep-Trench MOSFET With a Self-Biased Split Gate (2010)

A split-gate deep-trench MOSFET (DT-MOS) with its split gate self-biased to an integrated low voltage supply is proposed. Due to the split gate being biased to an approximately constant voltage, this structure has a smaller amount of gate-to-drain charge Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> without increase in the specific on-resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , compared with the conventional DT-MOS. Numerical simulation results show that the figure of merit (FOM = Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> ·R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ) is largely reduced, compared with that of the conventional DT-MOS.
Development and validation of a dual sensing scheme to improve accuracy of bradycardia and pause detection in an insertable cardiac monitor (2017)

The enhanced dual sense algorithm for bradycardia and pause detection in ICMs substantially reduced inappropriate episode detection with a minimal reduction in true episode detection.
Multi-Center Experience of Vedolizumab Effectiveness in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2016)

Our results suggest that vedolizumab is efficacious and safe in pediatric IBD patients, with UC patients experiencing earlier and higher rates of remission than CD patients. Anti-TNF-naive patients experienced higher remission rates than those with anti-TNF exposure. Controlled clinical trial data are needed to confirm these observations.
Tee-coupler for single-mode fibres (1979)

A new concept for an end face tee-coupler with single-mode fibres is described. The outer surfaces of the two fibres are ground and polished on one side and then fixed together. A third fibre is then butt-jointed. The dividing ratio between the two fibres can be chosen arbitrarily. The total loss is about 2 dB. The coupler is polarisation-independent.
Characterization of the binding of transforming growth factor-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 to recombinant beta 1-latency-associated peptide. (1992)

Preprotransforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is a 390-amino acid precursor polypeptide that undergoes a number of processing steps to yield mature TGF beta 1 (amino acid residues 279-390) and a pro portion (residues 30-278) termed beta 1-latency-associated peptide (beta 1LAP). The dimeric form of beta 1LAP has been shown to associate noncovalently with the mature growth factor, resulting in inactivation of biological activity. To further characterize this interaction, the mature TGF beta 1 was radioiodinated and used to determine dissociation constants. A cross-linking method using the bifunctional covalent cross-linker bis-(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate was found to be the best approach for measuring the amount of bound growth factor. The efficiency of cross-linking was constant within each experiment and varied between 45-55%. Saturation plots and their associated Scatchard analyses indicate apparent Kd values between 1.1-1.8 nM. Competition of TGF beta 1 binding to beta 1LAP by TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 (two closely related growth factors) revealed that the latter also bind beta 1LAP tightly, with apparent Kd values of 1.9 and 0.4 nM, respectively.
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and Miyoshi myopathy in an aboriginal Canadian kindred map to LGMD2B and segregate with the same haplotype. (1996)

We report the results of our investigations of a large, inbred, aboriginal Canadian kindred with nine muscular dystrophy patients. The ancestry of all but two of the carrier parents could be traced to a founder couple, seven generations back. Seven patients presented with proximal myopathy consistent with limb girdle-type muscular dystrophy (LGMD), whereas two patients manifested predominantly distal wasting and weakness consistent with Miyoshi myopathy (distal autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy) (MM). Age at onset of symptoms, degree of creatine kinase elevation, and muscle histology were similar in both phenotypes. Segregation of LGMD/MM is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance, and the putative locus is significantly linked (LOD scores >3.0) to six marker loci that span the region of the LGMD2B locus on chromosome 2p. Our initial hypothesis that the affected patients would all be homozygous by descent for microsatellite markers surrounding the disease locus was rejected. Rather, two different core haplotypes, encompassing a 4-cM region spanned by D2S291-D2S145-D2S286, segregated with the disease, indicating that there are two mutant alleles of independent origin in this kindred. There was no association, however, between the two different haplotypes and clinical variability; they do not distinguish between the LGMD and MM phenotypes. Thus, we conclude that LGMD and MM in our population are caused by the same mutation in LGMD2B and that additional factors, both genetic and nongenetic, must contribute to the clinical phenotype.
[Comparative study of hypothermic circulatory arrest and normothermic distal perfusion for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair]. (2003)

Early and mid-term outcome of TAAA repair was almost satisfactory and without neurospiral complications. The deep hypothermic operation is more likely to induce postoperative respiratory and renal dysfunction than the normothermic operation. TAAA repair using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest should be limited to patients with TAAA involving the distal arch or a severely calcified aortic wall.
Interpolation and Curve Fitting (2005)

It introduces interpolation and curve fitting. Interpolation is to connect discrete data points so that one can get reasonable estimates of data points between the given points. Curve fitting is to find a curve that could best indicate the trend of a given set of data.
Myeloperoxidase: a target for new drug development? (2007)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a member of the haem peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily, is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and to a lesser extent in monocytes and certain type of macrophages. MPO participates in innate immune defence mechanism through formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants and diffusible radical species. A unique activity of MPO is its ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate chlorinating oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. However, evidence has emerged that MPO-derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of acute and chronic vascular inflammatory disease. The fact that circulating levels of MPO have been shown to predict risks for major adverse cardiac events and that levels of MPO-derived chlorinated compounds are specific biomarkers for disease progression, has attracted considerable interest in the development of therapeutically useful MPO inhibitors. Today, detailed information on the structure of ferric MPO and its complexes with low- and high-spin ligands is available. This, together with a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms including redox properties of intermediates, enables a rationale attempt in developing specific MPO inhibitors that still maintain MPO activity during host defence and bacterial killing but interfere with pathophysiologically persistent activation of MPO. The various approaches to inhibit enzyme activity of MPO and to ameliorate adverse effects of MPO-derived oxidants will be discussed. Emphasis will be put on mechanism-based inhibitors and high-throughput screening of compounds as well as the discussion of physiologically useful HOCl scavengers.
Error modeling and performance analysis of error-correcting codes for the digital video recording system (1999)

The ’’Digital Video Recording system (DVR)” has achieved the storage capacity of 9.2GByte on 12cm optical disc with a red laser by a high numerical aperture (NA=0.85) lens and thin cover layer.
Takashi Murakami: the meaning of the nonsense of the meaning (2000)

Takashi Murakami is one of the most thoughtful -- and thought-provoking -- Japanese artists of the 1990s. His work ranges from cartoony paintings to quasi-minimalist sculptures to giant inflatable balloons to performance events to factory-produced watches, T-shirts, and other products, many emblazoned with his signature character, Mr. DOB. Murakami mixes and morphs on canvas, light boxes, posters, and other mediums. His rich body of work reflects his voracious appetite for postwar history, art, and popular culture from Japan and the West, and has attracted the attention of the international art world.Takashi Murakami is the first monograph on this important artist. With reproductions of dozens of Murakami's works, insightful essays, and an exuberant Tokyo-pop design, this book will appeal to contemporary art fans as well as people interested in anime (animation films), manga (comics), and other aspects of Japanese popular culture.