gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Live Imaging of Planarian Membrane Potential Using DiBAC<sub>4</sub>(3): Figure 1. (2008)

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes how to use the anionic membrane voltage-reporting dye DiBAC(4)(3) to generate images of cell membrane potential in live planarians. These images qualitatively reveal variations in time-averaged membrane potential across different regions of the organism. Changes in these images due to experimental treatments reveal how the particular treatment affects this physiological parameter. This method is a great improvement over standard electrophysiological techniques, which cannot be used to gain an understanding of the electrical properties of an entire worm or a regenerating fragment, due to small cell size and large cell number. When the proper controls are performed, this technique is a very powerful and simple way to gather physiologic data.
Covalent Fluorescence Labeling of His‐Tagged Proteins on the Surface of Living Cells (2008)

Labeling His-tagged proteins on living cells. NTA-based covalent labeling reagents for His-tagged proteins were designed by combining the oligo-His directing effect of Ni-NTA with the irreversible reaction of a photocrosslinker. Using these new probes, a simple five-minute protocol for labeling His-tagged proteins on living cells was derived. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800089_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
EPR demonstration of iron-nitrosyl complex formation by cytotoxic activated macrophages. (1990)

Activated macrophage cytotoxicity is characterized by loss of intracellular iron and inhibition of certain enzymes that have catalytically active nonheme-iron coordinated to sulfur. This phenomenon involves the oxidation of one of the terminal guanidino nitrogen atoms of L-arginine, which results in the production of citrulline and inorganic nitrogen oxides (NO2-, NO3-, and NO). We report here the results of an electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic study performed on cytotoxic activated macrophage (CAM) effector cells, which develop the same pattern of metabolic inhibition as their targets. Examination of activated macrophages from mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis (strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin) that were cultured in medium with lipopolysaccharide and L-arginine showed the presence of an axial signal at g = 2.039, which is similar to previously described iron-nitrosyl complexes formed from the destruction of iron-sulfur centers by nitric oxide (NO). Inhibition of the L-arginine-dependent pathway by addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (methyl group on a terminal guanidino nitrogen) inhibits the production of nitrite, nitrate, citrulline, and the g = 2.039 signal. Comparison of the hyperfine structure of the signal from cells treated with L-arginine with terminal guanidino nitrogen atoms of natural abundance N14 atoms or labeled with N15 atoms showed that the nitrosyl group in this paramagnetic species arises from one of these two atoms. These results show that loss of iron-containing enzyme function in CAM is a result of the formation of iron-nitrosyl complexes induced by the synthesis of nitric oxide from the oxidation of a terminal guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine.
α- and β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Fail to Prevent High Sodium Diet-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (1997)

High sodium diet (HS, 8% NaCl) induces left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in normotensive rats without an increase in pressure or volume load or in resting cardiac sympathetic activity. HS may affect LV adrenoceptors density or affinity or their postreceptor pathways, thereby causing LVH. We therefore assessed the effects of HS with and without blockade of alpha1- or beta-adrenoceptors by terazosin or nadolol, alone or in combination, on resting hemodynamics, LV and right ventricular (RV) weights, and LV dimensions of male WKY rats. HS increased LV weight by 14% to 17%, and the ratio of LV wall thickness to radius by 18% to 23%. Singly or in combination, the adrenoceptor antagonists did not prevent HS-induced LVH, but instead aggravated it. The increased ratio of LV wall thickness to radius and of LV to RV were attenuated by terazosin or nadolol alone. Neither the resting LV peak-systolic or end-diastolic pressures nor the right atrial pressure was changed by HS, either alone or in combination with the blockers. The failure of chronic alpha1- or beta-blockade to prevent HS-induced LVH suggests that adrenoceptor activation is not important in evoking the LVH. However, the blockers shifted the LVH from a concentric to an eccentric form, suggesting an involvement of additional trophic factors during adrenoceptor blockade.
Multi-focal light microscopy using liquid crystal spatial light modulators (2012)

Liquid crystal spatial light modulators are active optical elements that allow shaping the phase and amplitude of light. In combination with an optical microscope they can extend its imaging capabilities by acting as programmable diffractive beam splitters. In this way, multiple focal planes can be imaged simultaneously. We outline some practical considerations for this technique, such as limits for the achievable field of view, the maximal achievable focal shift as well as requirements for the illumination source.
Investigations of cochlear implant stimulation using a finite element head model (2015)

The cochlear implant (CI) is a medical technology that is widely used to treat hearing loss. In this, current pulses are injected at the electrode pads on the implanted intracochlear electrode array to stimulate the neurons in the modiolus. All the current must travel to the return electrode, which is located remotely on the side of the head for monopolar (MP) stimulation. Our understanding of the current conduction pathways and voltage distribution resulting from CI stimulation can help improve future designs and implementation strategies. A computational model would serve as a useful tool to improve our understanding of the current conduction pathways and voltage distributions as a result of MP stimulation. However, most of these models are only interested in the local cochlea region and assume particular boundary conditions. For a more reliable result, a Human Electro-Anatomical Total Head Reconstruction (HEATHER) was developed. This finite element (FE) model was created from the female Visible Human Project dataset to include twelve tissues and geometries of the cochlear implant and electrode array. A simulation of MP stimulation using HEATHER showed that current exits the cochlea via the modiolus, the basal end of the cochlea and the cochlear walls, and travels to the implant via the cranial cavity or scalp. All return locations were similar except for the internal auditory meatus. Blocking the basal end of the cochlea increased current going to the modiolus and cochlear walls. Global voltage distributions were sensitive to tissue resistivities of large tissues (scalp, bone, grey matter). Local voltages are also dependent on boundary conditions. With HEATHER, studies that would otherwise have been difficult or not feasible to perform in vivo can be tested in silico, making it valuable for CI research. Its flexibility allows it to be also used in other fields. The workflow used to generate HEATHER can be applied to other anatomical models.
Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos. (1992)

To determine whether embryonic cells transplanted from one zebrafish embryo to another can contribute to the germ line of the recipient, and to determine whether pigmentation can be used as a dominant visible marker to monitor cell transplants, we introduced cells from genetically pigmented (donor) embryos to albino recipients at midblastula stage. By 48 hr many of the resulting chimeras expressed dark pigment in their eyes and bodies, characteristics of donor but not albino embryos. By 4-6 weeks of age pigmentation was observed on the body of 23 of 70 chimeras. In contrast to fully pigmented wild-type fish, pigmentation in chimeras appeared within transverse bands running from dorsal to ventral. Pigmentation patterns differed from one fish to another and in almost every case were different on each side of a single fish. At 2-3 months of age chimeras were mated to albino fish to determine whether pigmented donor cells had contributed to the germ line. Of 28 chimeric fish that have yielded at least 50 offspring each, 5 have given rise to pigmented progeny at frequencies of 1-40%. The donor cells for some chimeras were derived from embryos that, in addition to being pigmented, were transgenic for a lacZ plasmid. Pigmented offspring of some germ-line chimeras inherited the transgene, confirming that they descended from transplanted donor cells. Our ability to make germ-line chimeras suggests that it is possible to introduce genetically engineered cells into zebrafish embryos and to identify the offspring of these cells by pigmentation at 2 days of age.
Transmission-electron-microscopy study of high-temperature superconducting phases in the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O system (1988)

Two phases have been identified by convergent-beam electron diffraction in multiphase compounds of ${\mathrm{TlBaCaCu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.5}$ with a superconductivity temperature of 114 K. They are subsequently found to be superconducting at 120.3 and 90.0 K. These phases are tetragonal with point group 4/mmm and lattice parameters of a=0.547 nm; c=3.61 nm and a=0.547 nm, c=2.97 nm, respectively. We have found by high-resolution lattice imaging that the 3.61 and 2.97 nm phases form coherent intergrowths. Both ordered and disordered intergrowths have been observed.
The Results of Transcatheter Occlusion of Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Success Rate and Complications Over 12 Years in a Single Center (2010)

Evolution of devices, cumulative experience, and health insurance covering the cost of devices have contributed to good outcomes in our center for percutaneous occlusion of PDA. Our results have improved over the years, particularly with the use of the Amplatzer duct occluder.
Phase I Trials of Anti-ENPP3 Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Advanced Refractory Renal Cell Carcinomas (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and recommended phase II dose of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting ectonucleotide phosphodiesterases-pyrophosphatase 3 (ENPP3) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) in subjects with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).<b>Patients and Methods:</b> Two phase I studies were conducted sequentially with 2 ADCs considered equivalent, hybridoma-derived AGS-16M8F and Chinese hamster ovary-derived AGS-16C3F. AGS-16M8F was administered intravenously every 3 weeks at 5 dose levels ranging from 0.6 to 4.8 mg/kg until unacceptable toxicity or progression. The study was terminated before reaching the MTD. A second study with AGS-16C3F started with the AGS-16M8F bridging dose of 4.8 mg/kg given every 3 weeks.<b>Results:</b> The AGS-16M8F study (<i>n</i> = 26) closed before reaching the MTD. The median duration of treatment was 12 weeks (1.7-83 weeks). One subject had durable partial response (PR; 83 weeks) and 1 subject had prolonged stable disease (48 weeks). In the AGS-16C3F study (<i>n</i> = 34), the protocol-defined MTD was 3.6 mg/kg, but this was not tolerated in multiple doses. Reversible keratopathy was dose limiting and required multiple dose deescalations. The 1.8 mg/kg dose was determined to be safe and was associated with clinically relevant signs of antitumor response. Three of 13 subjects at 1.8 mg/kg had durable PRs (range, 100-143 weeks). Eight subjects at 2.7 mg/kg and 1.8 mg/kg had disease control >37 weeks (37.5-141 weeks).<b>Conclusions:</b> AGS-16C3F was tolerated and had durable antitumor activity at 1.8 mg/kg every 3 weeks. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4399-406. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Initial Experience With Partial Liquid Ventilation in Adult Patients With the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1996)

Perflubron may be safely administered into the lungs of patients with severe respiratory failure receiving extracorporeal life support and may be associated with improvement in gas exchange and pulmonary compliance.
Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. XVIII. Strobilurin C and oudemansin B, two new antifungal metabolites from Xerula species (Agaricales). (1983)

Two new antifungal (E)-beta-methoxyacrylates, strobilurin C and oudemansin B, were isolated from cultures of Xerula longipes and Xerula melanotricha. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Both antibiotics inhibit the growth of a wide variety of saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi at very low concentrations. Like strobilurins A, B, and oudemansin A the new metabolites are potent inhibitors of respiration.
Cytokine expression profiles of immune imbalance in post-mononucleosis chronic fatigue (2012)

These results suggest that co-expression patterns in as few as 5 cytokines associated with Th17 function may hold promise as a tool for the diagnosis of post-infectious CFS.
Impact of PWM jitter to switching-mode power converter efficiency (2013)

This paper proposes a methodology to demonstrate the impact of the Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) jitter effect to the power conversion efficiency of switching power converters. First, the origin of PWM jitter is introduced. The power-loss equivalent circuit model with corresponding equations are developed to understand the mechanism of power losses. Both computer simulation and hardware circuit are established to verify the impact of the PWM jitter to the conversion efficiency. An external sinusoidal perturbation signal with variable frequency is induced to the voltage control loop to produce a controllable PWM jitter in order to observe the change of power converter efficiency. The validity of the proposed methodology is verified by the simulated and the measured results.
Natural antioxidants from herbs and spices (2006)

There is a growing interest in natural antioxidants found in plants because of the world-wide trend toward the use of natural additives in food and cosmetics. Herbs and spices are one of the most important targets to search for natural antioxidants from the point of view of safety. This review presents the results on stabilization of lipids and lipid-containing foods with different herbs and spices (ground materials or extracts) and reports the structure of the main antioxidatively acting compounds isolated from them. The review presents information about the antioxidative effects of rosemary, sage, oregano, thyme, ginger, summer savory, black pepper, red pepper, clove, marjoram, basil, peppermint, spearmint, common balm, fennel, parsley, cinnamon, cumin, nutmeg, garlic, coriander, etc. Among the herbs of the Labiatae family, rosemary has been more extensively studied and its extracts are the first marketed natural antioxidants. Sage and oregano, which belong to the same family, have gained the interest of many research groups as potential antioxidants.
The Geographical Distribution of Teacher Absenteeism in Large Urban School District Settings: Implications for School Reform Efforts Aimed at Promoting Equity and Excellence in Education. (2002)

… This study combines school district data gathering mechanisms on teacher absence rates at school sites with Geographical Information Systems (G.I.S.) to map the association between a school's geographical environmental space and the propensity for teacher absence.
Enabling Ligand Screening for Palladium‐Catalysed Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Addition Reactions (2006)

Abstract The bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)palladium(II) dihydrate complex, Pd(OTf) 2 ⋅2 H 2 O ( 1 ), is an active palladium(II) precursor for the generation of dicationic palladium(II) catalysts. Parallel ligand screening is enabled for the first time, and twenty‐four chiral ligands were evaluated for the asymmetric aza‐Michael addition of aromatic amines to α,β‐unsaturated N ‐alkenoylimides and carbamates. Enantioselectivities of >99% can be obtained. Catalytic precursors generated from 1 using the new protocol have been identified.
Antibacterial Activity of Some 3-(Arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-ones: Synthesis and Preliminary QSAR Studies (2007)

Synthesis of ten 3-(arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-ones is reported. All the compounds contained a common phenyl group at the 2-position, while the substituents on the arylideneamino group were varied. The compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus 6571 and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli K12 and Shigella dysenteriae 6) using a turbidometric assay method. It was found that the incorporation of the 3-arylideneamino substituent enhanced the anti-bacterial activity of the quinazolone system. The preliminary QSAR studies were done using some computer derived property descriptors, calculated values of partition coefficients as well as usual Hammett's sigma constants and the substituent's molar refractivity.
Electrically integrated SU-8 clamped graphene drum resonators for strain engineering (2013)

Graphene mechanical resonators are the ultimate two-dimensional nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) with applications in sensing and signal processing. While initial devices have shown promising results, an ideal graphene NEMS resonator should be strain engineered, clamped at the edge without trapping gas underneath, and electrically integratable. In this Letter, we demonstrate fabrication and direct electrical measurement of circular SU-8 polymer-clamped chemical vapor deposition graphene drum resonators. The clamping increases device yield and responsivity, while providing a cleaner resonance spectrum from eliminated edge modes. Furthermore, the clamping induces a large strain in the resonator, increasing its resonant frequency.
An Extendable and Retractable Bumper (2005)

An extendable and retractable bumper (E/R bumper) is presented in this paper. The E/R bumper is intended to automatically extend in situations in which there is a high risk of frontal impact to prepare the vehicle for crash and retract when the risk subsides. A functional demonstration vehicle and two experimental vehicles were built with the E/R bumper. Analytical and nonlinear finite element models were used to aid in the design of these vehicles, and to predict their crash performance in full, offset and oblique impact tests. While the functional demonstration vehicle was used to study its control and operation sequences, the experimental vehicles were crashed in a 56kph rigid barrier impact test and a 64kph 40% Offset Deformable Barrier impact test. These crash tests, together with nonlinear finite element analysis, showed that the additional crush space realized by extending the bumper could reduce the severity of the crash pulse and the amount of structural intrusion to the vehicle compartment.
12H-[2]-Benzothiepino[6,5a,5-bc]benzofuran: Synthesis of a Sulfur-Analog of Galanthamine (2001)

An analog of the anti-Alzheimer drug galanthamine, carrying a SO 2moiety instead of an amino-functionality, has been synthesized as a racemic mixture using tandem cyclization techniques to form a new four membered heterocyclic ring system.
Perception and Planning Architecture for Autonomous Ground Vehicles (2006)

By combining smart sensors and traversability grids with a JAUS-based component and messaging architecture, DARPA Grand Challenge finalist team CIMAR quickly developed a robust autonomous ground vehicle (AGV), a custom-built off-road vehicle. Key components included six smart sensors for detecting environmental conditions and reporting a priori data, a smart arbiter for fusing data from multiple smart sensors, and a reactive driver for providing real-time navigation planning and obstacle avoidance
Abnormalities of lectin histochemistry in familial polyposis coli and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (1990)

A transformation in the composition of colonic glycoconjugates has been described in adenomas, carcinomas, and certain premalignant conditions. These changes have been detected histochemically by the labeling patterns of fluorescein-conjugated lectins, which bind specific carbohydrate structures on fixed tissue sections. This study was performed to determine whether abnormal lectin binding patterns are present in tissues from patients genetically predisposed to colonic neoplasms and whether these patterns could be used as phenotypic markers for inheritance of the genotype. Lectin staining patterns of 22 colectomy specimens from patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) and rectal biopsy specimens from 47 patients at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (also known as Lynch syndromes I and II) were compared with rectal biopsy specimens from 27 sex-matched controls. The fluorescein-conjugated lectins included the agglutinins derived from peanut, Dolichos biflorus, Ulex europeus, and wheat germ (including the succinylated derivative). Using a technique for quantitating lectin binding on the tissue sections that provided a score from 0 to 400, labeling with certain lectins was found to vary slightly as a function of age and sex. Histologically normal mucosa from patients with FPC bound significantly less wheat germ agglutinin but significantly more U. europeus and succinylated wheat germ agglutinins than controls. Adenomas and dysplastic flat mucosa from the colectomy specimens of patients with FPC showed significantly less binding with D. biflorus, succinylated wheat germ, and wheat germ agglutinins than controls. Rectal tissues from patients at risk for HNPCC were found to bind significantly less peanut agglutinin and D. biflorus agglutinin than controls. Of interest, staining of the tissues by peanut and wheat germ lectins increased as a function of patient age; the control subjects were older than the patients with familial colon cancer, which could possibly account for the observations made with these two lectins. These results provide evidence that the premalignant colonic epithelium in familial polyposis and the hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndromes may be biologically different and indicate that glycoconjugate modifications are early events in the evolution of the neoplastic phenotype.
On rate-optimal MIMO signalling with mean and covariance feedback (2009)

We consider a single-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system in which the transmitter has access to both the channel covariance and the channel mean. For this scenario, we provide an explicit second-order approximation of the ergodic capacity of the channel, and we use this approximation to show that when the channel has a non-zero mean, the basis of the optimal input covariance matrix depends on the input signal power. (This basis is independent of the signal power in the zero-mean case.) The second-order approximation also provides insight into the way in which the low-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) optimal input covariance matrix is related to the optimal input covariance matrix at arbitrary SNRs. Furthermore, we show that the design of the input covariance matrix that optimizes the second-order approximation can be cast as a convex optimization problem for which the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions completely characterize the optimal solution. Using these conditions, we provide an efficient algorithm for obtaining second-order optimal input covariance matrices. The resulting covariances confirm our theoretical observation that, in general, the low-SNR optimal signal basis does not coincide with the optimal basis at higher SNRs. Finally, we show how our second-order design algorithm can be used to efficiently obtain input covariance matrices that provide ergodic rates that approach the ergodic capacity of the system.