gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteopedia: Rossmann fold: A beta‐alpha‐beta fold at dinucleotide binding sites (2015)

The Rossmann fold is one of the most common and widely distributed super-secondary structures. It is composed of a series of alternating beta strand (β) and alpha helical (α) segments wherein the β-strands are hydrogen bonded forming a β-sheet. The initial beta-alpha-beta (βαβ) fold is the most conserved segment of Rossmann folds. As this segment is in contact with the ADP portion of dinucleotides such as FAD, NAD, and NADP it is also called as an "ADP-binding βαβ fold". The Proteopedia entry on the Rossmann fold (Available at: http://proteopedia.org/w/Rossmann_fold) was generated to illustrate several structural aspects of super families of FAD and NAD(P) binding proteins: (1) The coenzymes FAD and NAD(P) share the basic adenosine diphosphate (ADP) structure. (2) The βαβ fold motif that is common to both FAD and NAD(P) binding enzymes accommodates the common ADP component of these two coenzymes. (3) In both FAD and NAD(P) binding sites, the tight turn between the first β-strand and the α-helix is in contact with the two phosphate groups of ADP. (4) This hairpin curve includes the first two conserved glycines (Gly-x-Gly) that allow the sharp turn of the polypeptide backbone. (5) The two β-strands of the βαβ fold may constitute the core of a larger β-sheet that may include up to seven β-strands generally in parallel orientation. (6) The structures of segments between additional strands vary greatly and may be composed of a variety of structures such as multiple short helices or coils.
Is Bifidobacterium breveeffective in the treatment of childhood constipation? Results from a pilot study (2011)

Bifidobacterium breve is effective in increasing stool frequency in children with functional constipation. Furthermore it has a positive effect with respect to stool consistency, decreasing the number of faecal incontinence episodes and in diminishing abdominal pain. A randomized placebo controlled trial is required to confirm these data.
Lowering the barrier to wireless and mobile experimentation (2003)

The success of ns highlights the importance of an infrastructure that enables efficient experimentation. Similarly, Netbed's automatic configuration and control of emulated and live network environments minimizes the effort spent configuring and running experiments. Learning from the evolution of these systems, in this paper we argue that a live wireless and mobile experimental facility focusing on ease of use and accessibility will not only greatly lower the barrier to research in these areas, but that the primary technical challenges can be overcome.The flexibility of Netbed's common abstractions for diverse node and link types has enabled its development from strictly an emulation platform to one that integrates simulation and live network experimentation. It can be further extended to incorporate wireless and mobile devices. To reduce the tedium of wireless and mobile experimentation, we propose automatically allocating and mapping a subset of a dense mesh of devices to match a specified network topology. To achieve low-overhead, coarse repeatability for mobile experiments, we outline how to leverage the predictability of passive couriers, such as PDA-equipped students and PC-equipped busses.
Refractive Index of AlAs (1971)

The refractive index of AlAs at 300 °K has been measured in the 0.5- to 2.2-eV range of photon energy. The long-wavelength dielectric constant with lattice vibrations neglected ε∞ is determined to be 8.16 ± 0.02, and the resulting static dielectric constant ε0 is 10.06 ± 0.04.
[Myxoma of the right atrium]. (1991)

The authors report the case of a 31 year-old male with right atrial myxoma whose clinical manifestations included: malaise, dizziness and dyspnea on great exertion. At physical examination, a tricuspid systolic and diastolic murmur of mean intensity was found. The chest radiography and the electrocardiogram signs were of right atrial and ventricular enlargement, and the diagnosis was made with the B-mode echocardiogram. The patient underwent surgical removal of the tumoral mass and diagnostic confirmation was made with the histopathologic study of the 75 x 50 x 40 mm piece. The patient obtained clinical, electrocardiographic and radiologic remission.
Arterial and venous thrombosis and prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype in a Polish family with type 1 antithrombin deficiency (antithrombin Krakow) (2011)

Arterial and venous thrombosis and prothrombotic fibrin clot phenotype in a Polish family with type 1 antithrombin deficiency (antithrombin Krakow) -
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation In Distributed Computing Systems (2009)

The problem of mapping tasks onto a computational grid with the aim to minimize the power consumption and the makespan subject to the constraints of deadlines and architectural requirements is considered in this paper. To solve this problem, we propose a solution from cooperative game theory based on the concept of Nash Bargaining Solution. The proposed game theoretical technique is compared against several traditional techniques. The experimental results show that when the deadline constraints are tight, the proposed technique achieves superior performance and reports competitive performance relative to the optimal solution.
Similar motor recovery of upper and lower extremities after stroke. (1994)

In patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke, the severity of motor impairment and the patterns of motor recovery are similar for the upper and lower extremities. The most rapid recovery for both extremities occurs within 30 days.
Optical Systems For Use In Combined Map And Cathode-Ray-Tube Displays (1980)

Airborne map displays have been in use for over 30 years. Over this period they have evolved from directly viewed paper maps to extreme optical systems projecting a combined image of a film based map and a Cathode-Ray-Tube (CRT). In the Horizontal Indicator used in the F13 Hornet, a magnified image of the map is formed on a screen. The screen image and the CRT display are then combined and reimaged within a restrictive space envelope using a high aperture (F/0.8), wide field (75°) inverse telephoto transfer lens. At this second image plane a field lens produces a real exit pupil at the pilot's head position. This system arrangement maximises the image brightness yet minimises the effect of high ambient illumination washing out the display. Greater resolution was required for a vehicle based Map/CRT display. This prevented the adoption of any optical system using intermediate screen images. A conventional system employing a double Gauss relay lens and binocular Erfle eyepieces was adopted.
Methylation of selected CpGs in the humanO6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter region as a marker of gene silencing (1999)

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a major determinant of susceptibility to methylating carcinogens and of tumor resistance to anticancer methylating and chloroethylating drugs. The silencing of MGMT expression that occurs in 20-30% of human tumor lines is tightly linked to methylation within the MGMTgene 5'CpG island. Previous studies on a very limited number of cell lines showed that such methylation was uneven, with hot-spots where methylation almost invariably occurred and intervening regions with very low incidences of methylation. To ascertain if such hot-spot methylation is in fact a ubiquitous hallmark of MGMT-silenced cells, we determined the methylation status of selected hot-spot CpGs in an extensive panel of MGMT-expressing and -silenced cell lines and xenografts. Using two simple and rapid bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction-based assays, we confirmed that in MGMT-silenced cells, methylation occurred at these sites whereas it was essentially absent in MGMT-expressing cells.
Dynamic Characteristics Study for Surface Composite of AMMNCs Matrix Fabricated by Friction Stir Process (2018)

In the present work, Aluminum Metal Matrix Surface Nano Composites (AMMSNCs) were manufactured using Friction Stir Processing (FSP). Moreover, the fabricated surface composite matrix was exposed to a different number of tool passes with different processing parameters. The tensile test and microstructure examinations were used to study the mechanical properties of the composite surface. The dynamic properties were predicted using modal analysis and finite element methods. After this, dynamic characterization was achieved by combining the numerical and experimental methods to investigate the effects of changing the number of passes on the natural frequency and the damping capacity of the AMMSNCs manufactured using FSP. The results indicated that the damping capacity and dynamic behavior improved with an increased number of FSP passes.
The<i>abi1‐1</i>mutation blocks ABA signaling downstream of cADPR action (2003)

Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid insensitive 1-1 (abi1-1) is a dominant mutant that is insensitive to the inhibition of germination and growth by the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA). The mutation severely decreases the catalytic activity of the ABI1 type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C). However, the site of action of the abi1-1/ABI1 in the ABA signal transduction pathway has not yet been determined. Using single cell assays, we showed that microinjecting mutant abi1-1 protein inhibited the activation of RD29A-GUS and KIN2-GUS in response to ABA, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), and Ca2+. The inhibitory effect of the mutant protein, however, was reversed by co-microinjection of an excess amount of the ABI1 protein. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants, overexpression of abi1-1 rendered the plants insensitive to ABA during germination, whereas overexpression of ABI1 did not have any apparent effect. Moreover, transgenic plants overexpressing abi1-1 were blocked in the induction of ABA-responsive genes; however, overexpression of ABI1 did not affect gene expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that abi1-1 is likely to be a dominant negative mutation and ABI1 likely acts downstream of cADPR in the ABA-signaling pathway. Our results on ABI1 overexpression in Arabidopsis are not compatible with a negative regulatory role of this phosphatase in ABA responses.
Platinum-nanoparticle-supported core–shell polymer nanospheres with unexpected water stability and facile further modification (2012)

Core-shell nanospheres (CSNSs) with hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic shells were fabricated via a simple mini-emulsion polymerization for the stabilization of platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). The CSNSs showed extremely high loading capacity of Pt-NPs (the largest loading amount of the Pt-NPs was about 49.2 wt%). Importantly, the Pt-NPs/CSNSs nanocomposites had unexpected stability in aqueous solution. DLS results revealed that the CSNSs loaded with Pt-NPs exhibited almost no aggregation after standing for a long time . However, the Pt-NPs immobilized on the CSNSs were not straitlaced: they could transport and redistribute between CSNSs freely when the environmental temperature was higher than the melting point of the CSNS shell. Owing to their excellent stability in aqueous solution, the surface of the Pt-NPs/CSNSs nanocomposites could be further decorated easily. For example, polyaniline (PANI)-coated Pt-NPs/CSNSs, nickel (Ni)-coated Pt-NPs/CSNSs and PANI/Pt-NPs dual-layer hollow nanospheres were facilely fabricated from the Pt-NPs/CSNS nanocomposites.
Heat pipes -integrated circuit coolers (2010)

Dissipation of heat from electronic components is a general phenomenon, and in the past several methods like the use of heat sinks, fans, coolers and convection methods have been used. The latest invention for cooling of electronic components is the heat pipes. The time of beginning of heat pipe science was near 40 years ago with first heat pipe definition and prediction of most simple cases. The interest stems in achieving extremely high heat flux near 1000W/cm2, needed for the future generation electronic cooling application. Now at the computer age some changes of basic equations are performed, more powerful predicting methods are available with increasing awareness of complexity of heat pipes and new heat pipe generations. But even today heat pipes are not completely understood and solution strategies still contain significant simplifications depending upon its applications. Micro and miniature heat pipes have some additional complications due to its small size. A review of heat pipes is presented in this paper.
Distribution and regulation of deoxythymidine kinase activity in differentiating cells of mammalian intestines. (1973)

Summary The distribution of deoxythymidine kinase activity has been reexamined in rat and human intestinal mucosa separated by a planing technique into cells in different stages of differentiation. When epithelial cells leave the crypts, a decrease in kinase activity was observed in both resuspended pellet and supernatant fractions. Commercial preparations of phospholipase C added to the assay system resulted in remarkable stimulation of kinase activity, an effect that was more pronounced in extracts from rat tissues and in pellet fractions of all the tissues studied. Although pellet activity in preparations from human mucosa was primarily associated with the nuclear fraction, significant activity was also found in the mitochondrial fraction. The effects of phospholipase C and/or detergents varied considerably with the various subcellular fractions. The degree of stimulation by phospholipase C appeared to be inversely related to the level of deoxythymidine kinase activity present under standard assay conditions. The implications of some aspects of these observations have been discussed.
Susceptibility to measles virus-induced encephalitis in mice correlates with impaired antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1993)

In measles virus (MV) infection in humans, meningitis and encephalitis are important complications. However, little is known of the pathogenesis of MV encephalitis, in particular about the role of the immune response. We have examined the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a mouse model of MV-induced encephalitis. We report here that the resistance of inbred strains of mice to MV-induced encephalitis correlated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype and that only resistant mouse strains mounted an effective CTL response to MV. Mice with low susceptibility to MV infection, such as the BALB/c strain (H-2d), generated CTL, whereas the highly susceptible strains, C3H (H-2k) and C57BL/6 (H-2b), revealed very poor CTL responses. MV-induced CTL were usually CD8+, and the generation of these cells was independent of the route of inoculation or the time postinfection. CD4+ T cells were generally only weakly lytic. The nucleocapsid protein was the major target antigen for CTL in BALB/c mice, although in some experiments the hemagglutinin was also recognized. CTL from C3H and C57BL/6 mice did not lyse MV-infected target cells. However, targets infected with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the nucleocapsid protein or hemagglutinin were lysed, but levels of cytotoxicity were still low. Experiments using target cells transfected with single MHC class I genes suggested inefficient antigen presentation of MV proteins by the MHC molecules of the H-2k and H-2b haplotypes.
Nonrandom connectivity of the epileptic dentate gyrus predicts a major role for neuronal hubs in seizures (2008)

Many complex neuronal circuits have been shown to display nonrandom features in their connectivity. However, the functional impact of nonrandom network topologies in neurological diseases is not well understood. The dentate gyrus is an excellent circuit in which to study such functional implications because proepileptic insults cause its structure to undergo a number of specific changes in both humans and animals, including the formation of previously nonexistent granule cell-to-granule cell recurrent excitatory connections. Here, we use a large-scale, biophysically realistic model of the epileptic rat dentate gyrus to reconnect the aberrant recurrent granule cell network in four biologically plausible ways to determine how nonrandom connectivity promotes hyperexcitability after injury. We find that network activity of the dentate gyrus is quite robust in the face of many major alterations in granule cell-to-granule cell connectivity. However, the incorporation of a small number of highly interconnected granule cell hubs greatly increases network activity, resulting in a hyperexcitable, potentially seizure-prone circuit. Our findings demonstrate the functional relevance of nonrandom microcircuits in epileptic brain networks, and they provide a mechanism that could explain the role of granule cells with hilar basal dendrites in contributing to hyperexcitability in the pathological dentate gyrus.
Dynamic Resource Provisioning in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (2010)

Today's Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) can include millions of concurrent players spread across the world and interacting with each other within a single session. Faced with high resource demand variability and with misfit resource renting policies, the current industry practice is to overprovision for each game tens of self-owned data centers, making the market entry affordable only for big companies. Focusing on the reduction of entry and operational costs, we investigate a new dynamic resource provisioning method for MMOG operation using external data centers as low-cost resource providers. First, we identify in the various types of player interaction a source of short-term load variability, which complements the long-term load variability due to the size of the player population. Then, we introduce a combined MMOG processor, network, and memory load model that takes into account both the player interaction type and the population size. Our model is best used for estimating the MMOG resource demand dynamically, and thus, for dynamic resource provisioning based on the game world entity distribution. We evaluate several classes of online predictors for MMOG entity distribution and propose and tune a neural network-based predictor to deliver good accuracy consistently under real-time performance constraints. We assess using trace-based simulation the impact of the data center policies on the quality of resource provisioning. We find that the dynamic resource provisioning can be much more efficient than its static alternative even when the external data centers are busy, and that data centers with policies unsuitable for MMOGs are penalized by our dynamic resource provisioning method. Finally, we present experimental results showing the real-time parallelization and load balancing of a real game prototype using data center resources provisioned using our method and show its advantage against a rudimentary client threshold approach.
Controlled nitriding and nitrocarburizing – state of the art (2011)

Abstract The process of gaseous nitriding is considered to be fully controllable by temperature and the nitriding potential. Most of the commercially used control systems are based on the Lehrer Diagram showing the relation between nitrogen-iron phases, temperature and the partial pressure ratio of ammonia and hydrogen. This is also reflected in the measuring equipment used to determine the nitriding potential. Lehrer's phase diagram was created out of the reactions between set gas mixtures of ammonia and hydrogen and pure iron powder. In industrial nitriding cycles, dealing with real materials and real parts, the results often do not match the expectations. This paper will try to explain the parameters that have to be taken into account and how to measure, set and control the nitriding and carburizing potentials by giving an overview of the available equipment.
The influence of bias on the depostion of metallic films in rf and dc sputtering (1974)

The effects of substrate bias on the electrical resistivity, accumulation rate, and impurity content of metal films deposited by rf and dc sputtering have been investigated. Some experimental techniques are described which make it possible to separate the effects of bias on resputtering, plasma density, and substrate temperature. The accumulation rate data as a function of bias have been analyzed in terms of a semiempirical equation. The analysis has elucidated the relative importance of bias-induced resputttering and plasma density changes in rf and dc sputtering.
Torques developed by different types of shoes on various playing surfaces (1975)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of shoe type, playing surface, weight supported and stance position upon the torques developed at the shoe-turf interface. The study was predicated upon the assumption that many knee injuries are torque-related and due to foot fixation, either by rigid cleating or by excessive traction between the shoe and playing surface. A laboratory apparatus was designed to measure the torque developed by various shoe-surface combinations. Under investigation were 11 shoe types, three artificial surfaces and natural grass, two player weights, and two player foot-stance positions. Torque data were gathered using impact loading, with an impact energy that is probably often experienced under competitive playing conditions. Resulting data indexed the shoes according to the mean torques developed on each of the playing surfaces, and comparisons of torque data with field studies by other researchers suggested which shoe-surface combinations might be the most potentially hazardous.
T-cell surface antigens in a patient with blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (1983)

There is little evidence to suggest that T lymphocytes are involved in the leukemic process in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A case of CML in blast phase is described in which T-cell surface antigens were detected by immunofluorescence on the patient's blasts using monoclonal antibodies. In order to determine that the T-cell blasts were derived from the original CML clone, cells bearing the T3 antigen were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chromosome analysis was performed. All metaphases examined had the Philadelphia chromosome, confirming their origin from CML.
<i>Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals</i>. 2nd Edition. (ed. Samuel, W. M., Pybus, M. J. and Kocan, A. A.) pp. 560. Manson Publishing, London, UK, 2001. ISBN 1-84076-009-5. £75.00 (2001)

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