gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-colonic features of irritable bowel syndrome. (1986)

In 100 patients with irritable bowel syndrome a wide variety of non-gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more common than in a group of 100 age, sex, and social class matched controls. Nocturia, frequency and urgency of micturition, incomplete bladder emptying, back pain, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, a constant feeling of tiredness and in women dyspareunia were particularly prominent (p less than 0.001). With reference to non-colonic gastrointestinal symptoms nausea, vomiting, dysphagia and early satiety were very common (p less than 0.0001). This symptom diversity was observed irrespective of whether the patient had a psychiatric disorder or not. Patients smoked more than controls (p = 0.02) drank more caffeine containing drinks (p = 0.03) and 26% had taken at least one week off work in the previous 12 months. Thirty three per cent of patients had a family history of irritable bowel syndrome. Cognisance of these diverse symptoms may prevent referral to the wrong medical specialty and inappropriate investigation. They may also be indicative of a much more diffuse disorder of smooth muscle than has previously been appreciated.
A meshfree method for incompressible fluid dynamics problems (2003)

Abstract We show that meshfree variational methods may be used for the solution of incompressible fluid dynamics problems using the R ‐function method (RFM). The proposed approach constructs an approximate solution that satisfies all prescribed boundary conditions exactly using approximate distance fields for portions of the boundary, transfinite interpolation, and computations on a non‐conforming spatial grid. We give detailed implementation of the method for two common formulations of the incompressible fluid dynamics problem: first using scalar stream function formulation and then using vector formulation of the Navier–Stokes problem with artificial compressibility approach. Extensive numerical comparisons with commercial solvers and experimental data for the benchmark back‐facing step channel problem reveal strengths and weaknesses of the proposed meshfree method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(thiophenes) Functionalized by Photochromic Spironaphthoxazine Groups (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Poly(thiophenes) Functionalized by Photochromic Spironaphthoxazine GroupsA. Yassar, C. Moustrou, H. Korri Youssoufi, A. Samat, R. Guglielmetti, and F. GarnierCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 13, 4548–4553Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00117a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Casting Design and Quality Assurance (1998)

Abstract This article provides general guidelines for casting design to provide progressive solidification, minimize heat concentration, eliminate cores, and prevent distortion. Casting design also affects tolerances. Casting tolerances depend on the alloy being poured, the size of the casting, and the molding method used. Designers can predict the effect of the design on the structure of the final part using solidification simulation models, namely finite element and finite difference models, and rapid prototyping. The article concludes with a short note on how the quality is assured in the foundry.
UNFAIR DISMISSAL (1975)

Journal Article UNFAIR DISMISSAL Get access G. ENGLAND G. ENGLAND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, Volume 4, Issue 1, 1975, Pages 247–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilj/4.1.247 Published: 01 June 1975
The cowpea mosaic virus M RNA-encoded 48-kilodalton protein is responsible for induction of tubular structures in protoplasts (1993)

Tubular structures extending from plasmodesmata in cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-infected tissue have been implicated to play an important role in cell-to-cell movement of this virus. Using a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-based transient expression vector, we show that expression of only the CPMV M RNA-encoded 48-kDa protein (48K protein) in cowpea protoplasts is sufficient to induce these structures. Strikingly, expression of the 48K protein in protoplasts from a number of nonhost plant species, such as barley, Arabidopsis thaliana, and carrot, also resulted in tubular structure formation. Thus, it is not likely that the viral 48K protein, though playing a key role in cell-to-cell movement of CPMV, has a role in determining the host range of CPMV.
Angiotensin II upregulates LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) expression in the vascular wall: a new pro-atherogenic mechanism of hypertension (2008)

The in vitro and in vivo data reported here indicate that Ang II upregulates LRP1 receptor expression and LRP1-mediated aggregated LDL uptake in vascular cells.
Sub-lethal exposure to neonicotinoids impaired honey bees winterization before proceeding to colony collapse disorder (2014)

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony collapse disorder (CCD) that appeared in 2005/2006 still lingers in many parts of the world. Here we show that sub-lethal exposure of neonicotinoids, imidacloprid or clothianidin, affected the winterization of healthy colonies that subsequently leads to CCD. We found honey bees in both control and neonicotinoid-treated groups progressed almost identically through the summer and fall seasons and observed no acute morbidity or mortality in either group until the end of winter. Bees from six of the twelve neonicotinoid-treated colonies had abandoned their hives, and were eventually dead with symptoms resembling CCD. However, we observed a complete opposite phenomenon in the control colonies in which instead of abandonment, they were re-populated quickly with new emerging bees. Only one of the six control colonies was lost due to Nosemalike infection. The observations from this study may help to elucidate the mechanisms by which sub-lethal neonicotinoids exposure caused honey bees to vanish from their hives.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized by direct photoreduction of metal salts. Application in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2008)

Abstract A simple synthesis method of silver nanoparticles and its application as an active surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) colloid are presented in this work. The photoreduction of AgNO 3 in presence of sodium citrate (NaCit) was carried out by irradiation with different light sources (UV, white, blue, cyan, green, and orange) at room temperature. The evaluation of silver nanoparticles obtained as a function of irradiation time (1–24 h) and light source was followed by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. This light‐modification process results in a colloid with distinctive optical properties that can be related to the size and shape of the particles. The Ag colloids, as prepared, were employed as active colloids in SERS. Pyridine and caffeine were used as test molecules. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Secure Microservice Framework for IoT (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has connected an incredible diversity of devices in novel ways, which has enabled exciting new services and opportunities. Unfortunately, IoT systems also present several important challenges to developers. This paper proposes a vision for how we may build IoT systems in the future by reconceiving IoT's fundamental unit of construction not as a "thing", but rather as a widely and finely distributed "microservice" already familiar to web service engineering circles. Since IoT systems are quite different from more established uses of microservice architectures, success of the approach depends on adaptations that enable them to met the key challenges that IoT systems present. We argue that a microservice approach to building IoT systems can combine in a mutually enforcing way with patterns for microservices, API gateways, distribution of services, uniform service discovery, containers, and access control. The approach is illustrated using two case studies of IoT systems in personal health management and connected autonomous vehicles. Our hope is that the vision of a microservices approach will help focus research that can fill in current gaps preventing more effective, interoperable, and secure IoT services and solutions in a wide variety of contexts.
Laboratory robotics and artificial intelligence (1990)

Intelligent robots, which incorporate artificial intelligence in their controlling software, are the next step in bringing the laboratory robot to its full potential. The areas currently under study in our laboratory are improved user interfaces for laboratory robotics, the integration of object-oriented databases into robot control programs, and strategies to optimize multi-step procedures. The ultimate goal of this work is the Standard Robotics Method. The Standard Robotics Method we envision would allow a robotic method to be transferred from one laboratory to another.
Quantitative Single‐Cell mRNA Analysis in Hydrogel Beads (2016)

In recent years, technologies capable of analyzing single cells have emerged that are transforming many fields of biological research. Herein we report how DNA-functionalized hydrogel beads can serve as a matrix to capture mRNA from lysed single cells. mRNA quantification free of pre-amplification bias is ensured by using padlock probes and rolling circle amplification followed by hybridization with fluorescent probes. The number of transcripts in individual cells is assessed by simply counting fluorescent dots inside gel beads. The method extends the potential of existing techniques and provides a general platform for capturing molecules of interest from single cells.
Asymmetry in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (2007)

The asymmetry in hearing loss severity may be attributed to the cortical pathways, specifically to the more pronounced efferent auditory system on the right side, which reduces the susceptibility of the right ear to cochlear insult.
The Effect of Ruboxistaurin on Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

In persons with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, treatment with ruboxistaurin reduced albuminuria and maintained eGFR over 1 year. Ruboxistaurin may add benefit to established therapies for diabetic nephropathy.
<title>Lobster-eye x-ray telescope prototype</title> (1996)

Wide field x-ray telescopes based upon the 'lobster eye' geometry can play an important role in future astronomical investigations. Our approach is based upon the geometry of Schmidt, 1975 in which a telescope is composed of two similar orthogonal stacks, each made from equally spaced identical flats that reflect on both faces. Its advantages are compatibility with large aperture and large field of view. Construction of a mirror reduces to two tasks, (1) mass producing thin, smooth, two sided flats and (2) securing them along two edges by a method that preserves their flatness. We are investigating both tasks in parallel. To address the first problem we are attempting to improve the flatness and reflectivity of an inexpensive, thin, commercial glass by replicating a smoother, flatter, gold coated surface on both faces. To address the second task, a small, 1D mirror assembly covering a 5 degree field of view was constructed from inexpensive, thin commercial glass that was coated on two sides with nickel. X-ray testing indicated that its resolution was consistent with theory and the approximately two arcminute deviation from flatness of the glass.
Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Indole Prenyltransferase from <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. SN-593 (2010)

Genome sequencing of Streptomyces species has highlighted numerous potential genes of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The mining of cryptic genes is important for exploring chemical diversity. Here we report the metabolite-guided genome mining and functional characterization of a cryptic gene by biochemical studies. Based on systematic purification of metabolites from Streptomyces sp. SN-593, we isolated a novel compound, 6-dimethylallylindole (DMAI)-3-carbaldehyde. Although many 6-DMAI compounds have been isolated from a variety of organisms, an enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a dimethylallyl group to the C-6 indole ring has not been reported so far. A homology search using known prenyltransferase sequences against the draft sequence of the Streptomyces sp. SN-593 genome revealed the iptA gene. The IptA protein showed 27% amino acid identity to cyanobacterial LtxC, which catalyzes the transfer of a geranyl group to (-)-indolactam V. A BLAST search against IptA revealed much-more-similar homologs at the amino acid level than LtxC, namely, SAML0654 (60%) from Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 and SCO7467 (58%) from S. coelicolor A3(2). Phylogenetic analysis showed that IptA was distinct from bacterial aromatic prenyltransferases and fungal indole prenyltransferases. Detailed kinetic analyses of IptA showed the highest catalytic efficiency (6.13 min(-1) microM(-1)) for L-Trp in the presence of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), suggesting that the enzyme is a 6-dimethylallyl-L-Trp synthase (6-DMATS). Substrate specificity analyses of IptA revealed promiscuity for indole derivatives, and its reaction products were identified as novel 6-DMAI compounds. Moreover, DeltaiptA mutants abolished the production of 6-DMAI-3-carbaldehyde as well as 6-dimethylallyl-L-Trp, suggesting that the iptA gene is involved in the production of 6-DMAI-3-carbaldehyde.
A broad-band microstrip-to-waveguide transition using quasi-Yagi antenna (1999)

A novel microstrip-to-waveguide transition utilizing a coplanar-strip Yagi-like antenna is presented. The compact and single-layered quasi-Yagi antenna fabricated on high dielectric-constant substrate has end-fire radiation patterns. This monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC)-compatible antenna is inserted in the E-plane of the rectangular waveguide to launch the TE/sub 10/ dominant mode. With this new scheme of excitation, compact design and low-cost fabrication is achieved without requiring multilayered substrate or backshort hermetic sealing. This transition, in addition, achieves very broad bandwidth and relatively low insertion loss. The transition's broad-band characteristics are analyzed, and optimization guidelines for individual components of the transition are discussed in detail. A tolerance study proves that the transition is robust in mechanical alignment. The X-band transition with alumina substrate demonstrates 35% bandwidth with return loss better than -12- and -0.3-dB insertion loss at the center frequency. This transition should find wide applications due to its high compatibility with microwave-integrated-circuit/MMIC technology and very low fabrication cost.
Regulation of different proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle in fasting and diabetes mellitus. (1994)

1. Proteins in eukaryotic cells are continually degraded and replaced under precise control mechanisms. Although this continual proteolysis may seem wasteful, it serves several important functions: cells selectively degrade proteins with abnormal sequences or conformations, the accumulation of which could be harmful; the rapid degradation of regulatory peptides and enzymes is essential for the control of metabolic pathways and the cell cycle; and the breakdown of proteins in starvation provides amino acids for gluconeogenesis and energy metabolism. 2. Protein breakdown in eukaryotic cells occurs through distinct pathways: A) lysosomal (involves cathepsins B, H, L, etc.); B) Ca(2+)-dependent (involves Ca(2+)-dependent proteases calpains I and II); C) ATP-dependent, that require or not ubiquitin (comprises at least two large cytosolic proteases, UCDEN and proteasome), and D) ATP-independent (it is not known which proteases are involved in this degradative system). Despite recent dramatic progress, the relative contributions of these pathways to the accelerated proteolysis occurring in normal and pathological states is still largely unknown. 3. In order to identify the cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy during fasting and diabetes mellitus, we have studied protein turnover in soleus and EDL muscles from control and fasted (for 24 h) or diabetic rats (1, 3, 5 and 10 days after streptozotocin injection). 4. The increase in muscle proteolysis during fasting seems to be attributable to an enhancement of the energy-requiring process. An increase in the ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway was evident 1 day after food restriction and probably accounted for all of the increased proteolysis demonstrated in the EDL muscles. In parallel with the alterations in the ATP-dependent process, an increase in the ubiquitin-mRNA and proteasome subunit-mRNA was detected. 5. In the acute phase of diabetes (1-3 days) there was an activation of Ca(2+)-dependent (soleus and EDL) and ATP-dependent (EDL) pathways. However, after 5 and 10 days of diabetes the activity of these two pathways fell to values even below control ones. No changes in the lysosomal proteolytic system were observed during diabetes. 6. Although appreciable progress has been made in this research, a large number of important questions remain to be answered, and some of them are discussed in the present paper.
Radical Dissociation of 2,2′-Bis(2-aryl-3-benzothiophenonyl)s by Mechanical Energy (1996)

Abstract On applying pressure with a press in the solid state, the title compounds undergo homolysis of the central C–C bond to give green-colored radicals. X-Ray structure analysis for p-chloro derivative showed that the central C(2)–C(2′) bond was not elongated but had a normal distance (1.576 Å) as a hexa-substituted Csp3–Csp3 bond. The amount of the radical formed by mechanical energy depended on the substituents on the 2-phenyl rings and on the solvent of crystallization. As for the crystals containing no solvent, p-bromo and p-chloro derivatives showed higher reactivity than the unsubstituted compound, probably due to smaller dissociation enthalpy. The radical dissociation was suppressed by the presence of some solvent of crystallization. In the solvated crystals, the excess energy supplied by external mechanical energy would be transferred mainly to vibrational modes of the solvent molecules rather than to the substrate.
In Vitro Characterization of Salmochelin and Enterobactin Trilactone Hydrolases IroD, IroE, and Fes (2005)

The iroA locus encodes five genes (iroB, iroC, iroD, iroE, iroN) that are found in pathogenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains. We recently reported that IroB is an enterobactin (Ent) C-glucosyltransferase, converting the siderophore into mono-, di-, and triglucosyl enterobactins (MGE, DGE, and TGE, respectively). Here, we report the characterization of IroD and IroE as esterases for the apo and Fe(3+)-bound forms of Ent, MGE, DGE, and TGE, and we compare their activities with those of Fes, the previously characterized enterobactin esterase. IroD hydrolyzes both apo and Fe(3+)-bound siderophores distributively to generate DHB-Ser and/or Glc-DHB-Ser, with higher catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) on Fe(3+)-bound forms, suggesting that IroD is the ferric MGE/DGE esterase responsible for cytoplasmic iron release. Similarly, Fes hydrolyzes ferric Ent more efficiently than apo Ent, confirming Fes is the ferric Ent esterase responsible for Fe(3+) release from ferric Ent. Although each enzyme exhibits lower k(cat)'s processing ferric siderophores, dramatic decreases in K(m)'s for ferric siderophores result in increased catalytic efficiencies. The inability of Fes to efficiently hydrolyze ferric MGE, ferric DGE, or ferric TGE explains the requirement for IroD in the iroA cluster. IroE, in contrast, prefers apo siderophores as substrates and tends to hydrolyze the trilactone just once to produce linearized trimers. These data and the periplasmic location of IroE suggest that it hydrolyzes apo enterobactins while they are being exported. IroD hydrolyzes apo MGE (and DGE) regioselectively to give a single linear trimer product and a single linear dimer product as determined by NMR.
Growth Characteristics of Infantile Hemangiomas: Implications for Management (2008)

Most infantile hemangioma growth occurs before 5 months, yet 5 months was also the mean age at first visit to a specialist. Recognition of growth characteristics and factors that predict the need for follow-up could help aid in clinical decision-making. The first few weeks to months of life are a critical time in hemangioma growth. Infants with hemangiomas need close observation during this period, and those who need specialty care should be referred and seen as early as possible within this critical growth period.
Expert diagnostic system for moving-coil loudspeakers using nonlinear modeling (2009)

This work aims at the development of an expert diagnostic system for moving-coil loudspeakers. Special emphasis is placed on the defects resulting from loudspeaker nonlinearities. As a loudspeaker operates in the large signal domain, nonlinear distortions may arise and impair sound quality. Analysis of nonlinear responses can shed light on potential design faults of a loudspeaker. By exploiting this fact, this expert diagnostic system enables classification of design faults using a defect database alongside an intelligent fault inference module. Six types of defects are investigated in this paper. A large signal model based on electromechanical analogous circuits is employed for generating the defect database, through which a neural-fuzzy network is utilized for inferring the defect types. Numerical simulations and experimental investigations were undertaken for validating the loudspeaker diagnostic system.