gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in penile and prostate growth in the rat during sexual maturation. (1998)

The goal of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) may contribute to the arrest of penile growth and the down-regulation of androgen receptors (AR) that occur during sexual maturation in the rat penis. For this purpose, body, penis, and prostate weights were obtained from male rats of increasing ages, and penis and prostate TGF-beta1 concentrations were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cytosol fraction was obtained from the shafts and glandes of immature (19-day-old) and adult (90-day-old) rat penises, and ARs were measured by a western blot assay. The effect of exogenous TGF-beta1 on penile growth was examined in vivo in two groups of immature rats (21 and 27 days old) implanted with miniosmotic pumps delivering either human TGF-beta1 or vehicle only directly into the corpora cavernosa for 6 days. The penises, prostates, and testes were weighed, and the AR content was estimated by western blot. The growth rate of the penis declined after 8 weeks of age, whereas the ventral prostate growth rate increased until 14 weeks of age and then slowed down. The content of penile AR protein decreased seven-fold in the adult rats compared to the immature animals. Penile TGF-beta1 concentration increased nearly three-fold from the 19-day-old rats to a peak at 60 days of age and then decreased over the next 4 months to the initial levels. In contrast, TGF-beta1 concentration in the prostate was not significantly affected by age and remained below the lowest penile values in all age groups. Transforming growth factor-beta1 given locally to the penis reduced penile shaft weight by 38 and 22% in two groups of immature rats, while the weights of the penile glans, testis, and ventral prostate remained unaffected. Androgen receptor content was higher in the glans than in the shaft and was not changed by TGF-beta1 treatment. These results suggest that the increase of TGF-beta1 levels in the penis may reinforce growth arrest caused by the down-regulation of penile ARs, whereas the maintenance of a high content of ARs and a low TGF-beta1 concentration may allow prostate growth to continue.
Technology 1993 - Test and measurement (1993)

Significant developments during 1992 are reviewed. Software-controlled, card-modular test and measuring instruments really took hold and seem likely to remain important for the rest of the 1990s. The number and variety of available instrument cards that fit into the VXIbus, plus the software to control them, reached a level of development during 1992 that enables test-system designers to assemble and program test setups for almost any imaginable application. The personal computer, now powerful enough, familiar, available, low in cost, and industrially hardened, has become the obvious platform for the new instrumentation. VXIbus began to attract non-US firms. Another package in the LabVIEW software family, which supports PC-controlled testing, became available. This one is LabVIEW for Windows, Version 2.5 for IBM-PC and compatibles outfitted with Microsoft's Windows.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Migratory Behavior of Apis cerana (2020)

Abstract Apis cerana also known as Asiatic honeybee or Himalayan honeybee is small bee native to southern and southeastern Asia. Apis cerana is one of the bee species that can be domesticated and used in apiculture, mostly in wooden box with frames. In size, they are similar or smaller than Apis melifera and have more prominent abdominal stripes. The capacity of adapting in wide range of climatic conditions has made Apis cerana more popular among the beekeepers around the world. Honey yield is lesser as they form small colonies but is of high nutritional and medicinal value and since the honey storage is in less amount, their tactic is to produce biological surplus to reproductive swarms. Excess number of young bees that result in too much brood food, limited space for brood, overcrowding of adult worker bees and reduced transmission of queen pheromone among the workers are the major reasons for swarming in Apis cerana. Swarming distance when they are in invasive mode is 10 Km whereas in colonization mode, the distance is lesser. Absconding is common but is reduced at colder regions. Migrations are seasonally predictable consequences of resource depletion or dearth, sharp decline in pollen and nectar availability, extreme drought, prolonged rainfall, cold or the predator and pest attacks. Migration is generally seasonal and prepared but can be instantaneous during predator attacks. Keywords: absconding, environmental effects, predation, swarming, Apis cerana Cite this Article Bipin Aryal. Migratory behavior of Apis cerana. Research & Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology. 2019; 8(3): 1–5p.
Changes in Serum Amino Acids in Migraine Patients without and with Aura and their Possible Usefulness in the Study of Migraine Pathogenesis (2015)

We found higher level of His in migraine patients without and with aura and lower level of Val and Leu in patients with migraine without aura.
Asynchronous notifications among distributed objects (1996)

Distributed object systems typically support synchronous requests from one distributed object to another. Often, a more decoupled style of communication among distributed objects is appropriate. We describe an object service called event channel that decouples distributed object communication. We describe SunSoft's implementation of the event channel and illustrate its use in a stock trading application.
Fabrication of CdS Nanoparticle Chains along DNA Double Strands (1999)

Positively charged CdS nanoparticles having diameter of 3.0 ± 0.2 nm were prepared by the chemical modification of their surfaces with thiocholine. Chains of size-quantized CdS nanoparticles were prepared by using the electrostatic interaction between positively charged nanoparticle surfaces and the phosphate groups of DNA molecules. The observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CdS nanoparticles were arranged in a quasi one dimension with dense packing. The line width of a nanoparticle array was equal to the diameter of CdS nanoparticles that was ca. 3.0 nm. The average distance between the centers of the adjacent nanoparticles was estimated to be 3.5 nm, which was almost equal to the length of 10 base pairs in DNA double strands.
Contact-Free Respiration Rate Monitoring Using a Pan–Tilt Thermal Camera for Stationary Bike Telerehabilitation Sessions (2014)

One typical remote consultation envisioned for in-home telerehabilitation involves having the patient exercise on a stationary bike. Making sure that the patient is breathing well while pedaling is of primary concern for the remote clinician. One key requirement for in-home telerehabilitation is to make the system as simple as possible for the patients, avoiding, for instance, to have them wear sensors and devices. This paper presents a contact-free respiration rate monitoring system measuring temperature variations between inspired and expired air in the mouth-nose region using thermal imaging. The thermal camera is installed on a pan-tilt unit and coupled to a tracking algorithm, allowing the system to keep track of the mouth-nose region as the patient exercises. Results demonstrate that the system works in real time even when the patient moves or rotates its head while exercising. Recommendations are also made to minimize limitations of the system, such as the presence of people in the background or when the patient is talking, for its eventual use in in-home telerehabilitation sessions.
HLA-A LOCUS MISMATCHES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODIES TO HLA AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION CORRELATE WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHIOLITIS OBLITERANS SYNDROME1 (1998)

These data suggest that BOS is the result of an immune process, that differences at the HLA-A locus may play an important role in this process, and antibody-mediated injury may play a role in BOS.
Enzymatic Syntheses of Chiral Building Blocks from Prochiral <i>meso</i>‐Substrates: Preparation of Methyl(hydrogen)‐1,2‐cycloalkanedicarboxylates (1984)

Chiral cis-monoesters 2 have been obtained from prochiral meso-diesters 1 of 1,2-cycloalkanedicarboxylic acids by enantioselective hydrolysis with procine liver esterase. In most cases the enantioselectivity is high. R is, e.g., CMe2, (CH2)2, or (CH2)4.
Action Spectra Studies of Phycocyanin Formation in a Mutant of Cyanidium caldarium (1962)

1. A chlorophyll-less mutant of Cyanidium caldarium was used to determine the action spectrum of phycocyanin formation. 2. The action spectrum for phycocyanin formation by young cells of the chlorophyll-less mutant (GGB) has maxima at 420 mμ and 550-600 mμ; this suggests that the primary photoreceptor (or precursor) may be an unidentified heme compound. 3. Evidence indicates that the hemelike compound proposed as a photoreceptor (or precursor) in young cells undergoes conversion in older cells to an unidentified form more strongly activated by light of longer wavelengths (550-650 mμ). 4. Conversion of the primary photoreceptor (or precursor) is promoted in older cells by pre-illumination in blue light (420 mμ). 5. The requirement of light in the reactions leading to the synthesis of phycocyanin can be eliminated by providing an unidentified factor(s) contained in some culture-media components.
<b>Rapid cloning of insect transposon insertion junctions using ‘universal’ PCR</b> (1997)

Very highly degenerate primers with short specific 3' anchor sequences and 5' adaptors were used in conjunction with nested specific primers to amplify large numbers of unknown insertion junctions of the insect retrotransposon Woot, using genomic DNA as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique, sometimes referred to as universal PCR, is a powerful method for molecular characterization of transposon insertions into genomes, and more generally for short-distance chromosome walking through unknown DNA. Twenty-four unique insertion junctions were cloned and sequenced from two strains of Tribolium castaneum and one strain of T. freemani. Inspection of these sequences revealed that integration of the Woot retrotransposon is cued by the insertion target motif, GTAC, in both species.
Isolation and Functional Analysis of a Gene, <i>tcsB</i> , Encoding a Transmembrane Hybrid-Type Histidine Kinase from <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2002)

We cloned and characterized a novel Aspergillus nidulans histidine kinase gene, tcsB, encoding a membrane-type two-component signaling protein homologous to the yeast osmosensor synthetic lethal N-end rule protein 1 (SLN1), which transmits signals through the high-osmolarity glycerol response 1 (HOG1) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in yeast cells in response to environmental osmotic stimuli. From an A. nidulans cDNA library, we isolated a positive clone containing a 3,210-bp open reading frame that encoded a putative protein consisting of 1,070 amino acids. The predicted tcsB protein (TcsB) has two probable transmembrane regions in its N-terminal half and has a high degree of structural similarity to yeast Sln1p, a transmembrane hybrid-type histidine kinase. Overexpression of the tcsB cDNA suppressed the lethality of a temperature-sensitive osmosensing-defective sln1-ts yeast mutant. However, tcsB cDNAs in which the conserved phosphorylation site His(552) residue or the phosphorelay site Asp(989) residue had been replaced failed to complement the sln1-ts mutant. In addition, introduction of the tcsB cDNA into an sln1delta sho1delta yeast double mutant, which lacked two osmosensors, suppressed lethality in high-salinity media and activated the HOG1 MAPK. These results imply that TcsB functions as an osmosensor histidine kinase. We constructed an A. nidulans strain lacking the tcsB gene (tcsBdelta) and examined its phenotype. However, unexpectedly, the tcsBdelta strain did not exhibit a detectable phenotype for either hyphal development or morphology on standard or stress media. Our results suggest that A. nidulans has more complex and robust osmoregulatory systems than the yeast SLN1-HOG1 MAPK cascade.
Hammers and Presses for Forging (2005)

Abstract Hammers and high-energy-rate forging machines are classified as energy-restricted machines as they deform the workpiece by the kinetic energy of the hammer ram. This article provides information on gravity-drop hammers, power-drop hammers, die forger hammers, counterblow hammers, and computer-controlled hammers. It describes the three basic designs of high-energy-rate forging (HERF) machines: the ram and inner frame, two-ram, and controlled energy flow. The article reviews forging mechanical presses, hydraulic presses, drive presses, screw presses, and multiple-ram presses.
Prevalence and stability of human serum antibodies to simian virus 40 VP1 virus-like particles (2005)

Possible human infection with simian virus 40 (SV40) has been of great concern ever since SV40 was discovered in polio vaccines. Human populations are SV40-seropositive, but because of serological cross-reactivity between SV40 and the human polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV), it is debatable whether these antibodies are specific. An SV40-specific serological assay was established, based on purified virus-like particles (VLPs), where the SV40 VLPs were blocked with hyperimmune sera to BKV and JCV. Competition with SV40 hyperimmune sera was used as a confirmatory test. Among 288 Swedish children of between 1 and 13 years of age, 7.6 % had SV40-specific antibodies. SV40 seroprevalence reached a peak of 14 % at 7-9 years of age. Among 100 control patients with benign tumours, 9 % were SV40-seropositive. However, SV40 DNA was not detectable in corresponding buffy-coat samples. In serial samples taken up to 5 years apart from 141 Finnish women participating in the population-based serological screening for congenital infections, only two of 141 women were SV40-seropositive in both samples. Six women seroconverted and eight women had a loss of antibodies over time. None of the SV40-seropositive samples contained detectable SV40 DNA. In conclusion, there is a low prevalence of SV40-specific antibodies in the Nordic population. The SV40 antibodies appear to have a low stability over time and their origin is not clear.
Electrical Transport Properties of Undoped CVD Diamond Films (1992)

Polycrystalline diamond films synthesized by microwave-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MACVD) were examined with transient photoconductivity, and two fundamental electrical transport properties, the carrier mobility and lifetime, were measured. The highest mobility measured is 50 centimeters squared per volt per second at low initial carrier densities (<10(15) per cubic centimeter). Electron-hole scattering causes the carrier mobility to decrease at higher carrier densities. Although not measured directly, the carrier lifetime was inferred to be 40 picoseconds. The average drift length of the carriers is smaller than the average grain size and appears to be limited by defects within the grains. The carrier mobility in the MACVD films is higher than values measured in lower quality dc-plasma films but is much smaller than that of single-crystal natural diamond.
Modern patient care using biotelemetry: its potential and technical realization at present and in the future. (1982)

Incorporation of biotelemetry has a number of advantages, such as reduction of the impediment of the information source (patient, subject or animal) reduction of the psychological effects on the information source, reduction of measuring artifacts, reduction of the risk for electroshock, reduction of the complexity of monitoring of physiological variables, as well as a potential reduction of the total cost of patient care. Therefore, biotelemetry may be incorporated advantageously not only in areas where this technique is absolutely needed (sport, work, function control during realistic circumstances of activity), but also in other areas such as patient monitoring during intensive care and in the operating room. There have been a number of drawbacks in biotelemetry for application in patient monitoring in the past mainly due to the problem of frequency allocations and regulations, but with the newly developed infrared systems future applications of biotelemetry in clinical monitoring seems promising.
Synthesis of 100‐gram quantities of highly purified mixed acid triglycerides (1967)

Abstract Monopalmitin, mono‐olein, and monostearin have been synthesized in quantities of up to 100 grams with recoveries ranging from. 80%‐85%. The monoglycerides were reacted with a 0.5 molar excess of pyridine and fatty acid chloride to produce 1, 3,‐diglycerides. The recoveries ranged from 60%‐70% and, in addition, considerable amounts of triglyceride were obtained from this reaction. Partial glycerides were converted to 100‐gram batches of triglyceride in a similar manner with recoveries ranging from 80%‐90%. Purification of the partial glycerides was achieved by crystallization. In addition to this technique, certain triglycerides were purified by elution through a column of alumina. Purity of the glycerides, as determined by TLC, G‐LC, and pancreatic lipolysis, was estimated to be at least 99%.
Deep neural networks for automatic detection of screams and shouted speech in subway trains (2016)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have recently become a popular technique for regression and classification problems. Their capacity to learn high-order correlations between input and output data proves to be very powerful for automatic speech recognition. In this paper we investigate the use of DNNs for automatic scream and shouted speech detection, within the framework of surveillance systems in public transportation. We recorded a database of sounds occurring in subway trains in real conditions of exploitation and used DNNs to classify the sounds into screams, shouts and other categories. We report encouraging results, given the difficulty of the task, especially when a high level of surrounding noise is present.
MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanoplates Consisting of Disordered Graphene-like Layers for High Rate Lithium Battery Anode Materials (2011)

MoS(2) nanoplates, consisting of disordered graphene-like layers, with a thickness of ∼30 nm were prepared by a simple, scalable, one-pot reaction using Mo(CO)(6) and S in an autoclave. The product has a interlayer distance of 0.69 nm, which is much larger than its bulk counterpart (0.62 nm). This expanded interlater distance and disordered graphene-like morphology led to an excellent rate capability even at a 50C (53.1 A/g) rate, showing a reversible capacity of 700 mAh/g. In addition, a full cell (LiCoO(2)/MoS(2)) test result also demonstrates excellent capacity retention up to 60 cycles.
Structuring of Parallel Algorithms (1968)

The structuring of algorithms suitable for execution on parallel processors is discussed. Two examples of such algorithms are given. The first example exhibits a restructuring of Bellman's dynamic programming technique; the second presents a method of parsing MAD-type statements in parallel.
Near-field probe measurements of microwave scattering from discontinuities in planar surfaces (2003)

In microwave scattering, nonradiating fields may contribute to radiating fields by local perturbations such as geometric discontinuities or variations in impedance or electromagnetic properties. Near-field measurements of scattering bodies provide insight into these scattering mechanisms by measuring both radiated and nonradiated fields. In this research, an H-field probe measured scattering from simple discontinuities in planar bodies at frequencies between 2 and 10 GHz. Illumination of the test-body was furnished by a focused lens system with a Gaussian-like tapered beam that locally illuminated inhomogeneities on the body. Measured data and model calculations are presented for scattered H-fields near canonical discontinuities (e.g. gaps and edges in conducting planes). Calculations of the plane wave spectrum of the measured and modeled data were used to distinguish specular reflected components from surface modes. A focused beam was simulated in a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model with a weighted sum of plane waves. FDTD results agreed with the measured near-field data.
The Bleeding Wound (2022)

"This book considers the significance of the the Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989) to Soviet politics, society, and the military in the twilight of the USSR, and its indirect influence on the evolution of its successor states. Yaacov Ro'i argues that the war had significant effects beyond its direct impact on the large number of Soviet citizens who served in Afghanistan during its course, either as soldiers (afghantsy) sent into Afghanistan to uphold the PDPA Marxist regime that had taken power in Kabul in April 1978, or as advisers and civilian specialists dispatched to Afghanistan to build up and modernize the country on the Soviet model and bring it closer to the Soviet Union. Even if officially the Soviets did not lose the war, the very fact that they were unable to decisively defeat the mujahidin comprised a blow to the self-esteem of the Soviet armed forces and undermined their prestige at home. In this comprehensive examination of the effects of the war on Soviet society and politics, Ro'i considers the portrayal of the war in Soviet media, and the struggles that afghantsy veterans faced as they readapted to civilian life. The war and the way it came to be understood by Soviet citizens also served to highlight the weaknesses of the Soviet regime during glasnost'. Through a detailed account of public opinion surrounding the war and its impact on Soviet politics and society in the Gorbachev era, including extensive interviews that the author conducted with Soviet war veterans in the early 1990s, Ro'i argues that the effects of the war certainly precipitated processes that would tear the country asunder in 1991"--
Preparation of Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) and their Selenium Analogs -Tetraselenafulvalenes (TSeF) (1976)

This review describes the synthetic approaches to tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) and their selenium analogs-tetraselenafulvalenes (TSeF). Synthetic methods are conveniently classified according to the general mechanistic paths found in the literature. Preparation of the precursors of tetrathia- and tetraselenafulvalenes, namely 1,3-dithiole and 1,3-diselenole derivatives, are also surveyed. The scope and limitations of each method for tetrathia- and tetraselenafulvalene synthesis are discussed in relation to synthetic methods for tetrathioethenes and reactivities of these precursors. Finally, chemical properties of tetrathiafulvalenes and some physical properties of charge transfer salts of tetrathia- and tetraselenafulvalenes are briefly described. 1. Classification of Synthetic Methods to Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) and Tetraselenafulvalenes (TSeF) 1.1. Deprotonation of 1,3-Dithiolium Ions 1.2. Desulfurization of 2-Thioxo-1,3-dithioles and Analogous Reactions 1.3. Reaction of Acetylenes with Carbon Disulfide 1.4. Pyrolysis of Orthothiooxalates 1.5. Decomposition of the Sodium Salts of Tosylhydrazones of Dithiocarbonates 1.6. Decomposition of 2-Alkoxy-1,3-dithioles 2. Preparation of 2-Thioxo-1,3-dithioles, 2-Oxo-1,3-dithioles, and their Selenium Analogs 2.1. Reaction of Sodium Acetylenide with Carbon Disulfide and Sulfur, and Anomalous Reactions with Selenium Compounds 2.2. Reaction of Ethylene Di- or Trithioacarbonates with Acetylenes 2.3. Cyclization of ß-Keto-O-Alkyl Dithiocarbonates 2.4. Dehydrobromination of 4-Bromo-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-dithioles 2.5. Reaction of Disodium Salt of Dimercaptomaleonitrile with Thiophosgene or Phosgene 2.6. Reaction of 2-Immonium-1,3-diselenolium Salts with Hydrogen Sulfide 2.7. Miscellaneous Methods 3. Scope and Limitations of Current Tetrathia- and Tetraselenafulvalene Syntheses 4. Reactions and Properties of Tetrathia- and Tetraselenafulvalenes 4.1. Reactions of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives 4.2. Charge Transfer Salts of Tetrathia- and Tetraselenafulvalenes with Electron Acceptors