gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Version management and composition of software components in different phases of software development life cycle (2009)

The key factor of component-based software development is the composition of pre-fabricated components. Although research efforts have focused on this issue, yet the optimal performance of component-based systems has not been achieved. If the concept of version management is introduced along with composition technology then it will help in locating the component mismatch in the earlier stages of software development life cycle. This paper analyses the significance of version management and composition of software components in different phases like analysis phase, design phase and deployment phase of software development life cycle. A comparative analysis of different available component models like COM, .NET, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), CORBA, SOFA, UML 2.0 and Web Services with respect to these two issues is also discussed.
Partial Fourier imaging in multi‐dimensions: A means to save a full factor of two in time (2001)

We present an improvement to the traditional one-dimensional partial Fourier method by extending the method to multi-dimensions. The modified method allowed a full factor of two savings in time with much better coverage of the central k-space information and, because of this, smaller reconstruction artifacts. The residual magnitude error was found to correlate strongly with the residual phase error. Numerical simulation also indicated that with a priori perfect phase information, the original magnitude image could be perfectly reconstructed with half of the k-space data points in the multi-dimensional case. Simulated, phantom, and human data sets were tested with edge differences ranging from 10% (consistent with variable Gibbs ringing) to 25% (consistent with a blurred version of the object). The method was found to be a valuable adjunct to human imaging for short TR, T1-weighted three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic methods, especially when short echo times were used.
Controlling the growth and field emission properties of silicide nanowire arrays by direct silicification of Ni foil (2008)

Nickel silicide nanowire arrays have been achieved by the decomposition of SiH(4) on Ni foil at 650 °C. It is indicated that the nickel silicide nanowires consist of roots with diameter of about 100-200 nm and tips with diameter of about 10-50 nm. A Ni diffusion controlled mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the nickel silicide nanowires. Field emission measurement shows that the turn-on field of the nickel silicide nanowire arrays is low, at about 3.7 V µm(-1), and the field enhancement factor is as high as 4280, so the arrays have promising applications as emitters.
Melting thermodynamics of organic nanocrystals (1999)

The size-dependent melting temperature and the size-dependent melting entropy of organic nanocrystals are predicted by use of our simple model being free of any adjustable parameter. The model predictions for the size-dependent melting temperature and the size-dependent melting entropy are supported by the experimental results on benzene, chlorobenzene, heptane, and naphthalene nanocrystals.
Klotho is a serum factor related to human aging. (2004)

Our data suggest that KL is a serum factor related to human aging.
RecoGym: A Reinforcement Learning Environment for the problem of Product Recommendation in Online Advertising (2018)

Recommender Systems are becoming ubiquitous in many settings and take many forms, from product recommendation in e-commerce stores, to query suggestions in search engines, to friend recommendation in social networks. Current research directions which are largely based upon supervised learning from historical data appear to be showing diminishing returns with a lot of practitioners report a discrepancy between improvements in offline metrics for supervised learning and the online performance of the newly proposed models. One possible reason is that we are using the wrong paradigm: when looking at the long-term cycle of collecting historical performance data, creating a new version of the recommendation model, A/B testing it and then rolling it out. We see that there a lot of commonalities with the reinforcement learning (RL) setup, where the agent observes the environment and acts upon it in order to change its state towards better states (states with higher rewards). To this end we introduce RecoGym, an RL environment for recommendation, which is defined by a model of user traffic patterns on e-commerce and the users response to recommendations on the publisher websites. We believe that this is an important step forward for the field of recommendation systems research, that could open up an avenue of collaboration between the recommender systems and reinforcement learning communities and lead to better alignment between offline and online performance metrics.
Hydrogenation of White Phosphorus to Phosphane with Rhodium and Iridium Trihydrides (1998)

Only one of the four P atoms of P4 reacts with rhodium and iridium trihydrides [(triphos)MH3] to provide phosphane [Eq. (a)]. The resulting cyclo-P3 fragment is efficiently scavenged by the metal fragment to give the complexes [(triphos)M(η3-P3)]. A mechanism accounting for the hydrogenation reaction is proposed in which the complexes [(triphos)MH(η1:η1-P4)] and [(triphos)M(η1:η2-HP4] are intermediates. The latter complex contains the unprecedented hydridotetraphosphane ligand HP4−.
Performance of Short Antennas (1947)

The purpose of this paper is to present experimental data on the performance of vertical antennas having a physical height of less than one-eighth wavelength. These data cover many conditions of top loading performed on a 300-foot, self-supporting, tapered vertical tower with measurements of antenna resistance and reactance from 120 to 400 kilocycles. For these conditions, field-intensity measurements were made to determine the unattenuated field intensity at one mile over a frequency range from 139 to 260 kilocycles. Field-intensity measurements along eight radials were made to determine the horizontal pattern and root-mean-square field intensity. The best results are obtained when adequate top loading is used in conjunction with a good ground system. Such top loading increases the value of the radiation-resistance component and lowers the capacitive-reactance component of the driving point impedance. Since the loss resistance remains essentially constant with various types of loading, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is materially improved by raising the value of the radiation resistance. Increasing the radiation resistance and lowering the capacitive reactance both tend to lower the effective Q of the antenna circuit. In wide-frequency-band applications a low value of Q is very important. With short antennas having a small resistance and a large capacitive reactance, extra precautions should be taken to minimize base insulator losses. With high humidity, mist, fog, or rain the input loss resistance of a short unloaded tower may increase several times over its normal dry value.
Structure-activity relationship in cinnamamides. 3. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of some derivatives of (E)- and (Z)-m-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamamide (1981)

The (E)- and (Z)-m-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha, beta-dimethylcinnamamides and some of their N-alkyl derivatives were prepared and pharmacologically tested as anticonvulsant agents in order to verify if a ring substituent, like the m-CF3 group, different from a halogen but possessing the same electronic effect could lead to equally active compounds. Some (E)-m-(trifluoromethyl)-alpha-methyl- and -non-methyl-substituted-cinnamamides were also prepared and tested. In the alpha, beta-dimethyl series the results show that the m-CF3 group leads to products more active than the ones unsubstituted on the phenyl ring but still less active than the p-halogen-substituted compounds previously studied. In the alpha-methyl and non-methyl-substituted series, the trend shows the m-CF3 group being able to produce less toxic and, in some cases, more active products than the previously studied amides.
Macrophage proteinase and inflammation: the production of chemotactic activity from the fifth complement by macrophage proteinase. (1972)

When the activation of complement proceeds through its fifth component (C5), a chemotactic fragment (C5a) is released (1–3) which attracts both macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). 4 Proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and PMN neutral proteinase also release C5a from C5 (2–4). This report shows that an acid-acting proteinase from both macrophages and lung (a tissue rich in macrophages) (5–7) could do likewise. It therefore describes what is possibly an important mechanism by which leukocytes accumulate in chronic inflammatory areas, namely, that macrophage proteinase could, from C5, produce C5a which attracts more macrophages and PMN to the site. Two sources of macrophage proteinase were used in these experiments. The acid-acting proteinase was partially purified from beef lung by the method of Dannenberg and Smith (5, 6), and further purified on CM-Sephadex columns. Homogenates of either peritoneal or pulmonary macrophages from rabbits also served as a source of this proteinase (7).
The magnetic-resonance force microscope: a new tool for high-resolution, 3-D, subsurface scanned probe imaging (2003)

The magnetic-resonance force microscope (MRFM) is a novel scanned probe instrument which combines the three-dimensional (3-D) imaging capabilities of magnetic-resonance imaging with the high sensitivity and resolution of atomic-force microscopy. It will enable nondestructive, chemical-specific, high-resolution microscopic studies and imaging of subsurface properties of a broad range of materials. The MRFM has demonstrated its utility for study of microscopic ferromagnets, and it will enable microscopic understanding of the nonequilibrium spin polarization resulting from spin injection. Microscopic MRFM studies will provide unprecedented insight into the physics of magnetic and spin-based materials. We will describe the principles and the state-of-the-art in magnetic-resonance force microscopy, discuss existing cryogenic MRFM instruments incorporating high-Q, single-crystal microresonators with integral submicrometer probe magnets, and indicate future directions for enhancing MRFM instrument capabilities.
Controlled AC Electrical Drives (2008)

The use of AC electrical machines in controlled electrical drive applications is reviewed. The major types of electrical machines are briefly summarized to set the context and establish the physical basis for the control techniques used. Machine properties, which are the key to successful control, can be obscured by the necessary mathematics required for machine analysis and control scheme derivations. The main focus of this paper is on control techniques which are being applied to make AC drives a rapidly growing area. Development of the control is discussed, with concentration on recent trends suitable for practical applications in the industry with good dynamic behavior. A particular feature is the increasing importance of speed or position sensorless techniques.
Review of current techniques for the verification of the species origin of meat (1990)

An overview of developments that have occurred in meat species identification over the last decade is presented. It starts by noting the different requirements for speciation techniques over the period, describes the complex nature of meat in terms of chemical composition and shows how the chain of events from slaughter to retail gives rise to opportunities for deliberate adulteration or innocent contamination. The limitations of techniques such as electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing are pointed out where the analysis of mixed meats is concerned; attention then focuses on the range of techniques based on antigen-antibody interactions: agar gel immunodiffusion, counter immuno-electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in three formats. The choice of analyte is discussed, firstly for the analyses of raw meat materials and secondly, for heat-processed meat products. In the first example, blood serum proteins are used almost exclusively despite the limitation that their presence does not necessarily denote the presence of the corresponding muscle tissue (meat). For cooked products, a new range of antisera are necessary, based on thermally stable components derived from the tissues. By using different formats of ELISA, it is demonstrated that different responses can be obtained for heat-processed meat versus processed offal, and that determination of a species meat content in a cooked mixed meat product is possible. Techniques for improving the specificity and performance of antisera are discussed briefly, with the future introduction of thermally stable, muscle-specific monoclonal antisera being seen as the way forward.
How to barter bits for chronons (2007)

Two trends are converging to make the CPU cost of a table scan a more important component of database performance. First, table scans are becoming a larger fraction of the query processing workload, and second, large memories and compression are making table scans CPU, rather than disk bandwidth, bound. Data warehouse systems have found that they can avoid the unpredictability of joins and indexing and achieve good performance by using massive parallel processing to perform scans over compressed vertical partitions of a denormalized schema.
Energy-aware task mapping and scheduling for reliable embedded computing systems (2014)

Task mapping and scheduling are critical in minimizing energy consumption while satisfying the performance requirement of applications enabled on heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. An area of growing concern for modern multiprocessor systems is the increase in the failure probability of one or more component processors. This is especially critical for applications where performance degradation (e.g., throughput) directly impacts the quality of service requirement. This article proposes a design-time (offline) multi-criterion optimization technique for application mapping on embedded multiprocessor systems to minimize energy consumption for all processor fault-scenarios. A scheduling technique is then proposed based on self-timed execution to minimize the schedule storage and construction overhead at runtime. Experiments conducted with synthetic and real applications from streaming and nonstreaming domains on heterogeneous MPSoCs demonstrate that the proposed technique minimizes energy consumption by 22% and design space exploration time by 100x, while satisfying the throughput requirement for all processor fault-scenarios. For scalable throughput applications, the proposed technique achieves 30% better throughput per unit energy, compared to the existing techniques. Additionally, the self-timed execution-based scheduling technique minimizes schedule construction time by 95% and storage overhead by 92%.
A Self-Tuning DVS Processor Using Delay-Error Detection and Correction (2006)

In this paper, we present a dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique called Razor which incorporates an in situ error detection and correction mechanism to recover from timing errors. We also present the implementation details and silicon measurements results of a 64-bit processor fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m technology that uses Razor for supply voltage control. Traditional DVS techniques require significant voltage safety margins to guarantee computational correctness at the worst case combination of process, voltage and temperature conditions, leading to a loss in energy efficiency. In Razor-based DVS, however, the supply voltage is automatically reduced to the point of first failure using the error detection and correction mechanism, thereby eliminating safety margins while still ensuring correct operation. In addition, the supply voltage can be intentionally scaled below the point of first failure of the processor to achieve an optimal tradeoff between energy savings from further voltage reduction and energy overhead from increased error detection and correction activity. We tested and measured savings due to Razor DVS for 33 different dies and obtained an average energy savings of 50% over worst case operating conditions by scaling supply voltage to achieve a 0.1% targeted error rate, at a fixed frequency of 120 MHz.
Distributed Node Selection for Threshold Key Management with Intrusion Detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), identity (ID)-based cryptography with threshold secret sharing is a popular approach for the key management design. Most previous work for key management in MANETs concentrates on the protocols and structures. How to optimally conduct node selection in ID-based cryptography with threshold secret sharing merits further investigation. In this paper, we propose a distributed scheme to dynamically select nodes with master key shares to provide the private key generation service. The proposed scheme considers the node security and energy states in the process of selecting best nodes to construct a private key generator (PKG). Intrusion detection systems are modeled as noisy sensors to monitor the system security situations. The node selection process is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Environmentally Friendly Process for Recovery of Wood Preservative from Used Copper Naphthenate-Treated Railroad Ties (2017)

Removal of copper naphthenate (CN) from used wooden railroad ties was investigated to improve the commercial viability of this biomass as a fuel source and avoid alternative disposal methods such as landfilling. Bench-scale thermal desorption of organic preservative components from CN-impregnated ties was followed by extraction of the copper fraction with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, or 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (PDA). Naphthenic acid (NA) and carrier oil were recovered at desorption temperatures between 225 and 300 °C and could potentially be recycled to treat new ties. The thermal treatment also mimicked torrefaction, improving the biomass properties for use as a thermochemical conversion feedstock. Chelation with PDA, a biodegradable chelating agent, after desorption had the highest extraction efficiency of copper and other naturally present inorganics, extracting 100% of the copper from both the raw and 225 °C-treated samples. Optimized desorbed material showed a 64% decrease in ash content when extracted with PDA; however, extraction efficiency decreased as desorption temperature increased, indicating that thermal treatment caused the inorganics to be less extractable. We concluded that the optimum desorption conditions were between 250 and 275 °C for 45 min followed by extraction with PDA when considering both NA removal and inorganic extraction efficiency.
Remote sensing of the chlorophyll-a based on OLI/Landsat-8 and MSI/Sentinel-2A (Barra Bonita reservoir, Brazil) (2017)

In this present research, we assessed the performance of band algorithms in estimating chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration based on bands of two new sensors: Operational Land Imager onboard Landsat-8 satellite (OLI/Landsat-8), and MultiSpectral Instrument onboard Sentinel-2A (MSI/Sentinel-2A). Band combinations designed for Thematic Mapper onboard Landsat-5 satellite (TM/Landsat-5) and MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer onboard Envisat platform (MERIS/Envisat) were adapted for OLI/Landsat-8 and MSI/Sentinel-2A bands. Algorithms were calibrated using in situ measurements collected in three field campaigns carried out in different seasons. The study area was the Barra Bonita hydroelectric reservoir (BBHR), a highly productive aquatic system. With exception of the three-band algorithm, the algorithms were spectrally few affected by sensors changes. On the other hands, algorithm performance has been hampered by the bio-optical difference in the reservoir sections, drought in 2014 and pigment packaging.
Elimination of pesticides in olive oil by refining using bleaching and deodorization (2005)

The effects of the processing steps on some pesticides during physical refining of olive oil were determined. Oil samples were spiked with four types of pesticides, i.e. endosulfan (alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate), simazine, oxifluorfen and diflufenican, and subjected to physical refining (bleaching and deodorization). The removal of contaminants by bleaching earths was compared using five types of commercial earths. Deodorization assays under laboratory (10 kg) and discontinuous pilot plant (200 kg) conditions at different temperatures and treatment times were carried out. Bleaching seemed effective only for the elimination of simazine. For removal of the other pesticides tested, a physical refining treatment was required at 240 degrees C in the deodorizing stage for different periods (1 h for diflufenican, oxifluorfen and alpha-endosulfan, 2 h for beta-endosulfan and 3 h for endosulfan sulphate).
Structure-preserving document image compression (2002)

Maintaining a document in image form is often preferable in order to avoid the high cost of manual conversion or the introduction of large numbers of errors by automatic OCR and/or graphics interpretation. The large volume of data in the image can be greatly reduced by using compression techniques. Text-intensive document images typically have a great deal of redundancy in the bitmap representations of symbols, and we make use of that redundancy for compression by clustering components, representing each cluster by a template and encoding the error. Our method is novel in modeling the error associated with each cluster and in preserving structure, an important component for readability and processing.
Facilitation of Fear Extinction by D-Cycloserine: Theoretical and Clinical Implications (2004)

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychological disturbances in the industrialized world. Current behavioral therapy procedures for these disorders are somewhat effective, but their efficacy could be substantially improved. Because these procedures are largely based on the process of extinction, manipulations that enhance extinction may lead to improvements in treatment effectiveness. We review the evidence that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial NMDA agonist, facilitates extinction of learned fear in rats. Although only a few studies have examined the effects of DCS on extinction of learned fear, this work suggests that this drug may have a number of potential clinical benefits. In addition, attempts at interpreting this research illustrate our limited understanding of the processes involved in extinction.
Bioinformatics for Clinical Next Generation Sequencing (2014)

Bioinformatics has become an important component in clinical laboratories generating, analyzing, maintaining, and interpreting data from molecular genetics testing. Given the rapid adoption of NGS-based clinical testing, service providers must develop informatics work flows that adhere to the rigor of clinical laboratory standards, yet are flexible to changes as the chemistry and software for analyzing sequencing data mature.