gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An <i>In Vivo/In Vitro</i> Study of Allyl Alcohol Toxicity Using Enzyme Inhibitors (1993)

The aim of this study was to verify an in vitro model of hepatotoxicity, designed to assess the production of reactive species from biologically-inert chemicals through their metabolic transformation. One example is allyl alcohol, which produces acrolein through the action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Acrolein is a highly hepatotoxic aldehyde which is detoxified to acrylic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). A deficiency of this enzyme, common in some Asian populations, can give rise to pathological conditions of hepatotoxicity. Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated with allyl alcohol with and without cyanamide, a known inhibitor of ALDH. The toxicity of allyl alcohol, assessed on the basis of release of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture medium, was dramatically increased by the addition of cyanamide. In vivo, the same treatment scheme was used in rats treated with allyl alcohol with or without cyanamide pretreatment. It was also demonstrated that allyl alcohol toxicity is dramatically enhanced by the addition of an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, as shown by plasma levels of hepatic enzymes (GOT, GPT and LDH) and by histological findings. We believe that this in vitro model, involving the use of enzyme inhibitors, could be useful for verification of the hypothesis that hepatotoxins, such as acrolein, are produced from some pharmaceutical and other chemical compounds.
Compressed Air Energy Storage: Plant Integration, Turbomachinery Development (1985)

Results of engineering and optimization of 25 MW and 50 MW turbomachinery trains for compressed air energy storage (CAES) power plant application are presented. Proposals submitted by equipment suppliers are based on commercially available equipment. Performance data and budget prices indicate that the CAES power plant is one of the most cost effective sources of providing peaking/intermediate power and load management. The paper addresses CAES power plant integration procedure and the specifics of turbomachinery design.
Double-staining chromogenic in situ hybridization as a useful alternative to split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization in lymphoma diagnostics (2009)

We conclude that double-staining chromogenic in situ hybridization is equally reliable as fluorescence in situ hybridization in detecting chromosomal breaks in lymphoid tissue. Although differences in morphology, hematoxylin staining and chromogenic signal intensity vary between the tumor entities none of the entities appeared more easy or difficult to score.
α-1-Antichymotrypsin Promotes β-Sheet Amyloid Plaque Deposition in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2001)

Alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT), an acute-phase inflammatory protein, is an integral component of the amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been shown to catalyze amyloid beta-peptide polymerization in vitro. We have investigated the impact of ACT on amyloid deposition in vivo by generating transgenic GFAP-ACT-expressing mice and crossing them with the PDGF-hAPP/V717F mice, which deposit amyloid in an age-dependent manner. The number of amyloid deposits measured by Congo Red birefringence was increased in the double ACT/amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice compared with transgenic mice that only expressed APP, particularly in the hippocampus where ACT expression was highest, and the increase was preceded by elevated total amyloid beta-peptide levels at an early age. Our data demonstrate that ACT promotes amyloid deposition and provide a specific mechanism by which inflammation and the subsequent upregulation of astrocytic ACT expression in AD brain contributes to AD pathogenesis.
An ultrasensitive chemical method for polysialic acid analysis (2001)

An ultrasensitive method for analysis of polysialic acid (polySia) chains, using fluorescence-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. The new method is a substantial improvement of our earlier method in which the reducing terminal Sia residues of a homologous series of oligo/polySia hydrolytically released during derivatization reaction were simultaneously labeled with a fluorogenic reagent, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) in situ. We first studied extensively the stability of oligo/polySia in the acid (0.02 M trifluoracetic acid) used for 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene derivatization under various conditions of reaction time and temperature, analyzing the hydrolytic products by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection (HPAEC-PED). Then we optimized the reaction conditions to minimize degradation of the parent polySia while maintaining high derivatization rate. Using a DNAPac PA-100 column rather than a MonoQ column, baseline resolution of polySia peaks up to DP 90 with a detection threshold of 1.4 femtomol per resolved peak was achieved. The new method was used to analyze the degree of polymerization of a polySia-containing glycopeptide fraction derived from embryonic chicken brain, and the results were compared with those obtained by HPAEC-PED.
Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Agency Travel Card Programs (2009)

The Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998 required federal employees to use travel charge cards to pay for the expenses of official government travel. The dollar volume of travel card transaction has nearly doubled from FY1999 to FY2009. This report discusses card misuse committed by federal employees, and Congress's response, which has included hearings and legislation intended to enhance travel card management and oversight.
On the sea trial test for the validation of an autonomous collision avoidance system of unmanned surface vehicle, ARAGON (2018)

ARAGON is an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) for ocean observation and sea surveillance of Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO). It has been constructed through the research and development project, which is entitled with “The development of intelligent unmanned surface vehicle for multipurpose mission of ocean observation and sea surveillance” under the financial support of Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries since 2011. Now, it is the final eighth fiscal year of the project. The length of ARAGON is about 7.5 meter and its maximum speed is over 40 knots. ARAGON has 400-HP diesel engine with single water-jet. In order to make USV navigate safely according to the convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972 (COLREGs) without human operation, autonomous navigation system is needed. A collision avoidance system is developed by using changeable action space searching. Action space can be flexibly changed according to the collision risk, which is estimated by using obstacle information on a basis of fuzzy inference. Navigational information of USV such as position, speed, course and attitude are acquired by using real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS and Integrated Navigation System (INS). Obstacles can be detected and tracked by using multi-sensors fusion of automatic identification system (AIS), Pulse radar, light detection and ranging (Lidar) and EO/IR (Electro Optical/Infra-Red) camera. Optimal route for collision avoidance is estimated according to the cost functions related to collision risk in real-time. Autopilot and speed controller is actuated for the following to the optimal route. In order to evaluate the performance of autonomous navigation of ARAGON, field tests are carried out in actual sea area, Busan on the complicated colliding situations such as head-on, crossing and overtaking with multiple obstacles. Three physical powerboats are used as moving obstacles in the colliding situation of head-on, port-crossing and starboard-crossing. Two virtual boats are used as moving obstacles in the colliding situation of the 2nd head-on and overtaking. In this paper, the main features of ARAGON and main results of field test are described.
Jak1 Expression Is Required for Mediating Interleukin-4-induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate and Stat6 Signaling Molecules (1997)

The Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Fes tyrosine kinases have been demonstrated to undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in response to interleukin (IL)-4 stimulation in different cell systems. However, it is not clear which, if any, of these kinases are responsible for initiating IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrates in vivo. In the present study, we have utilized a mutant Jak1-deficient HeLa cell line, E1C3, and its parental Jak1-expressing counterpart, 1D4, to analyze the role of Jak1 in mediating IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation events. IL-4 treatment rapidly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 in 1D4 but not in E1C3 cells. IL-4-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 was pronounced in 1D4 cells, while no IL-4-induced Stat6 phosphorylation was detected in E1C3 cells. IL-4 also induced Stat6 DNA binding activity from lysates of 1D4 but not E1C3 cells utilizing a radiolabeled immunoglobulin heavy chain germline epsilon promotor sequence (Iepsilon) in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Reconstitution of Jak1 expression in E1C3 cells restored the ability of IL-4 to induce IRS and Stat6 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results provide evidence that Jak1 expression is required for mediating tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of crucial molecules involved in IL-4 signal transduction.
Targeted inhibition of STATs and IRFs as a potential treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease (2016)

Key factors contributing to early stages of atherosclerosis and plaque development include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α, IFNγ and Interleukin (IL)-6 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimuli. Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) families. In particular, STAT1, 2 and 3; IRF1 and 8 have recently been recognized as prominent modulators of inflammation, especially in immune and vascular cells during atherosclerosis. Moreover, inflammation-mediated activation of these STATs and IRFs coordinates a platform for synergistic amplification leading to pro-atherogenic responses.Searches for STAT3-targeting compounds, exploring the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules including natural products. Only a few inhibitors for other STATs, but none for IRFs, are described. Promising results for several STAT3 inhibitors in recent clinical trials predicts STAT3-inhibiting strategies may find their way to the clinic. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT-specific, display toxicity and are not very potent. This illustrates the need for better models, and screening and validation tools for novel STAT and IRF inhibitors.This review presents a summary of these findings. It postulates STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 and IRF1 and IRF8 as interesting therapeutic targets and targeted inhibition could be a potential treatment strategy in CVDs. In addition, it proposes a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking of STAT-SH2 and IRF-DBD models with in vitro STAT and IRF activation inhibition validation, as a novel tool to screen multi-million compound libraries and identify specific inhibitors for STATs and IRFs.
Disease staging with positron emission tomography or gallium scanning and use of rituximab predict outcome for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation (2008)

Tumor status, as determined by positron emission tomography or gallium scanning (PET/G), may be an important predictor of outcome for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). ASCT conditioning regimens that include rituximab may reduce the rate of relapse. We evaluated the influence of rituximab on overall and progression-free survival in patients with DLBCL based on PET/G status before ASCT. A retrospective review of all patients with chemosensitive DLBCL who underwent ASCT in the context of research protocols at our institution between 1995 and 2005 was performed. Our study included 174 patients. Disease status before ASCT, according to PET/G, was negative in 136 patients (78%), positive in 29 patients (17%), and unknown in nine patients (5%). PET/G status and rituximab use were the only factors predictive of progression-free survival in multivariate analyses: the hazard ratios for relapse were 2.9 for PET/G-positive versus -negative patients (P < 0.001) and 0.4 for rituximab versus no rituximab use (P = 0.001). We conclude that evidence of disease on PET/G scanning prior to transplantation is associated with an increased risk for relapse after ASCT. Transplantation regimens containing rituximab can reduce this risk, regardless of PET/G status.
Perinatal hypothyroidism modulates antioxidant defence status in the developing rat liver and heart (2016)

In the present study, we investigated oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defence status in perinatal hypothyroid rat liver and heart. We found that the proteincarbonyl content did not differ significantly between the three groups both in the pup liver and in the heart. The OH˙ level was significantly decreased in the hypothyroid heart but not in the liver compared with controls. A slight but not significant decrease in SOD activity was observed in both perinatal hypothyroid liver and heart. A significantly increased activity of CAT was observed in the liver but not in the heart of hypothyroid pups. The GPx activity was considerably increased compared with controls in the perinatal hypothyroid heart and was unaltered in the liver of hypothyroid pups. We also found that vitamin E levels in the liver decreased significantly in hypothyroidism and were unaltered in the heart of perinatal hypothyroid rats. The GSH content was elevated significantly in both hypothyroid liver and heart. The total antioxidant capacity was higher in the liver of the hypothyroid group but not in the hypothyroid heart. Thyroxine replacement could not repair the above changes to normal. In conclusion, perinatal hypothyroidism modulates the oxidative stress status of the perinatal liver and heart.
Novel class of low molecular-weight organic resists for nanometer lithography (1996)

A novel class of low molecular-weight organic resist materials for nanometer lithography, 1,3,5-tris[4-(4-toluenesulfonyloxy)phenyl]benzene (TsOTPB) and 4,4′,4″-tris(allylsuccinimido) triphenylamine (ASITPA), was designed and synthesized. TsOTPB with a glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 64 °C and ASITPA with a Tg of 80 °C were found to function as positive and negative resists, respectively, enabling the fabrication of 150 and 70 nm line patterns on exposure to an electron beam at 50 keV.
Exfoliated Graphene Separated by Platinum Nanoparticles (2008)

Aggregation of isolated graphene sheets during drying graphene dispersions leads to a loss of its ultrahigh surface area advantage as a two-dimensional nanomaterial. We report a metal nanoparticle-graphene composite with a partially exfoliated graphene morphology derived from drying aqueous dispersions of platinum nanoparticles adhered to graphene. Platinum nanoparticles with diameters spanning several nanometers are adhered to graphene by a chemical route involving the reduction of metal precursors in a graphene dispersion. Face-to-face aggregation of graphene sheets is arrested by 3−4 nm fcc Pt crystallites on the graphene surfaces, and in the resulting jammed Pt−graphene composite, the Pt acts as spacers resulting in mechanically exfoliated, high-surface-area material of potential interest for supercapacitors and fuel cells.
Security certified simple identity-based non-interactive key sharing (2002)

A new identity-based non-interactive key sharing (IDNIKS) scheme has been proposed to realise an identity based cryptosystem. The algorithm is very simple and hence easily implemented. The security depends on the difficulty of factoring, and it seems to be very secure for user's collusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slow allotypic variants of the <i>NAT2</i> gene and susceptibility to early-onset Parkinson's disease (1998)

Slow-acetylation-mutated alleles may be considered low-penetrance genes in early-onset PD pathogenesis, with a relative risk ratio for individuals with slow-acetylation genotype of 2.92 (95% CI, 1.26 to 6.78). This study provides evidence for the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of sporadic PD.
Micro<scp>RNA</scp>‐137 suppresses tongue squamous carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion (2016)

Abstract Objectives Tongue squamous cell carcinoma ( TSCC ) is the most frequent type of oral malignancy. Increasing evidence has shown that mi RNA s play key roles in many biological processes such as cell development, invasion, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and migration. Materials and methods qRT ‐ PCR analysis was performed to measure miR‐137 expression. CCK ‐8 analysis, cell colony formation, wound‐healing analysis and invasion were performed to detect resultant cell functions. The direct target of miR‐137 was labelled and measured by luciferase assay and Western blotting. Results We demonstrated that expression of miR‐137 was downregulated in TSCC tissues compared to matched normal ones. miR‐137 expression was downregulated in TSCC lines ( SCC 4, SCC 1, UM 1 and Cal27) compared to the immortalized NOK 16B cell line and normal oral keratinocytes in culture ( NHOK ). In addition, we have shown that miR‐137 expression was epigenetically regulated in TSCC s. Overexpression of miR‐137 suppressed TSCC proliferation and colony formation. Ectopic expression of miR‐137 promoted expression of the epithelial biomarker, E‐cadherin, and inhibited the mesenchymal biomarker, N‐cadherin, as well as vimentin and Snail expression, indicating that miR‐137 suppressed TSCC epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ( EMT ). We also showed that ectopic expression of miR‐137 inhibited TSCC invasion and migration. In addition, we identified SP 1 as a direct target gene of miR‐137 in SCC 1 cells. SP 1 overexpression rescued inhibitory effects exerted by miR‐137 on cell proliferation and EMT . Conclusions These results indicate that miR‐137 acted as a tumour suppressor in TSCC by targeting SP 1.
Insulin Immunoassays: Fast Approaching 50 Years of Existence and Still Calling for Standardization (2007)

Insulin (51 amino acids, 5808 Da) is synthesized from its precursors preproinsulin and proinsulin (hPI; 86 amino acids) in the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A human insulin molecule is chemically homogeneous, consisting of 2 polypeptide chains, the A chain (21 amino acids) and B chain (30 amino acids), connected by 2 disulfide bonds (A7-B7 and A20-B19); a 3rd disulfide bond links the A6 and A11 residues. In serum, insulin circulates in a free form (not bound to carrier proteins) together with small quantities of its precursors, mainly intact hPI and des (31,32) split hPI (hPI cleaved at the junction between the B chain and C-peptide linking the A and B chains in the hPI molecule). Des (64,65) split hPI (hPI cleaved at the junction between the A chain and C-peptide) is a minor component of hPIs in serum (1).

Insulin is the only hypoglycemic hormone. Its measurement in serum plays a central role in the assessment of β-cell secretion and insulin resistance. Ideally, an insulin assay should be sensitive, specific, and applicable to a large number of samples. It should also be standardized to be efficiently used in large multicenter clinical studies and considered in guidelines.

Among insulin assay methods, only immunoassays are applicable to large numbers of samples. The 1st RIA for human insulin, described in 1959 by Yalow and Berson (2), relied on competitive binding of human insulin in plasma samples or calibrators and 131I-labeled bovine insulin to guinea-pig anti–bovine insulin polyclonal antibodies. Separation of the bound and free fractions was performed by chromatoelectrophoresis. Later the availability of human insulin in larger quantities (3) allowed the production of guinea-pig anti–human insulin antibodies, and an antibody precipitation technique made the assay easier to use. Except for 1 assay, RIAs detect both insulin and …
Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Relates to Cardiovascular Events in Adults Aged <45 Years (2015)

Although atherosclerosis starts in early life, evidence on risk factors and atherosclerosis in individuals aged <45 years is scarce. Therefore, we studied the relationship between risk factors, common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and first-time cardiovascular events in adults aged <45 years. Our study population consisted of 3067 adults aged <45 years free from symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline, derived from 6 cohorts that are part of the USE-IMT initiative, an individual participant data meta-analysis of general-population-based cohort studies evaluating CIMT measurements. Information on risk factors, CIMT measurements, and follow-up of the combined end point (first-time myocardial infarction or stroke) was obtained. We assessed the relationship between risk factors and CIMT and the relationship between CIMT and first-time myocardial infarction or stroke using a multivariable linear mixed-effects model and a Cox proportional-hazards model, respectively. During a follow-up of 16.3 years, 55 first-time myocardial infarctions or strokes occurred. Median CIMT was 0.63 mm. Of the risk factors under study, age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol related to CIMT. Furthermore, CIMT related to first-time myocardial infarction or stroke with a hazard ratio of 1.40 per SD increase in CIMT, independent of risk factors (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.76). CIMT may be a valuable marker for cardiovascular risk in adults aged <45 years who are not yet eligible for standard cardiovascular risk screening. This is especially relevant in those with an increased, unfavorable risk factor burden.
Clinical studies in familial VCP myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (2008)

Inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of the bone (PDB) and/or frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD, OMIM 167320), is a progressive autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the Valousin-containing protein (VCP, p97 or CDC48) gene. IBMPFD can be difficult to diagnose. We assembled data on a large set of families to illustrate the number and type of misdiagnoses that occurred. Clinical analysis of 49 affected individuals in nine families indicated that 42 (87%) of individuals had muscle disease. The majority were erroneously diagnosed with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facioscapular muscular dystrophy, peroneal muscular dystrophy, late adult onset distal myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy, scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) among others. Muscle biopsies showed rimmed vacuoles characteristic of an inclusion body myopathy in 7 of 18 patients (39%), however, inclusion body myopathy was correctly diagnosed among individuals in only families 5 and 15. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was diagnosed in 13 individuals (27%) at a mean age of 57 years (range 48.9-60.2 years); however, several individuals had been diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. Histopathological examination of brains of three affected individuals revealed a pattern of ubiquitin positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites. These families expand the clinical phenotype in IBMPFD, a complex disorder caused by mutations in VCP. The presence of PDB in 28 (57%) individuals suggests that measuring serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity may be a useful screen for IBMPFD in patients with myopathy.