gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Causes of hair loss and the developments in hair rejuvenation (2002)

Hair is considered to be a major component of an individual's general appearance. The psychological impact of hair loss results in a measurably detrimental change in self-esteem and is associated with images of reduced worth. It is not surprising that both men and women find hair loss a stressful experience. Genetic hair loss is the major problem affecting men and by the age of 50, up to 50% will be affected. Initial attempts to regenerate the lost hair have centred on applying a topical solution of between 2% to 5% minoxidil; however, the results proved disappointing. Recently, finasteride, a type II 5alpha reductase inhibitor has been found to regrow a noticeable amount of hair in about 40% of balding men. Further developments in treatments have lead to the use of a dual type I and type II inhibitor where 90% of those treated regrow a noticeable amount of hair. In women the major cause of hair loss before the age of 50 is nutritional, with 30% affected. Increased and persistent hair shedding (chronic telogen effluvium) and reduced hair volume are the principle changes occurring. The main cause appears to be depleted iron stores, compromised by a suboptimal intake of the essential amino acid l-lysine. Correction of these imbalances stops the excessive hair loss and returns the hair back to its former glory. However, it can take many months to redress the situation.
Status of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology and potential for transportation applications (1982)

The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology programs span a wide range of applications, including space power, ground power and undersea systems. The technology is also being used for water and chlorine electrolysis applications. During 1981, a study was conducted for the Los Alamos National Laboratory to determine the feasibility of using this technology for vehicular propulsion. The results show that with adequate development, a powerplant is possible which will meet the performance, size, and weight objectives, and that the costs for such a system could be competitive with other potential advanced power systems.
Ribosome Biogenesis and the Translation Process in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

Translation, the decoding of mRNA into protein, is the third and final element of the central dogma. The ribosome, a nucleoprotein particle, is responsible and essential for this process. The bacterial ribosome consists of three rRNA molecules and approximately 55 proteins, components that are put together in an intricate and tightly regulated way. When finally matured, the quality of the particle, as well as the amount of active ribosomes, must be checked. The focus of this review is ribosome biogenesis in Escherichia coli and its cross-talk with the ongoing protein synthesis. We discuss how the ribosomal components are produced and how their synthesis is regulated according to growth rate and the nutritional contents of the medium. We also present the many accessory factors important for the correct assembly process, the list of which has grown substantially during the last few years, even though the precise mechanisms and roles of most of the proteins are not understood.
Anti-hepatitis B virus efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-infected patients (2006)

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has shown in vitro activity against both HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of TDF (300 mg/d), administered as a part of anti-retroviral therapy, in a large cohort of HIV/HBV-coinfected patients. Sixty-five HIV/HBV-coinfected patients who received TDF for at least 6 months with serum HBV DNA levels above 2.3 log10 copies/mL at TDF initiation and who had stored serum samples before and during TDF therapy were included. Serum HBV DNA was measured on stored samples. The median follow-up period was 12 (Q1-Q3: 8-17) months. Serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was positive in 54 patients (83.1%). Fifty-two patients (80.0%) were receiving lamivudine (LAM) (150 mg twice a day), and 68.8% had documented LAM resistance at baseline. Among HBeAg-positive patients, the median reduction from baseline (8.17; Q1-Q3 = 7.30-8.30 log10 copies/mL) of serum HBV DNA was 4.56 log10 copies/mL (Q1-Q3 = 3.33-5.55) (P < .0001). In HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBV DNA decline from baseline (4.83; Q1-Q3 = 2.69-6.40 log10 copies/mL) was 2.53 log10 copies/mL (Q1-Q3 = 0.39-4.10). At the end of the study, HBV DNA became undetectable in 29.6% and 81.6% of the HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients, respectively. Serum HBeAg became negative in 4 patients, 2 of whom acquired serum hepatitis B e antibody. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis demonstrates the efficacy of TDF against wild-type, presumed precore mutants and LAM-resistant HBV when used as a part of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-coinfected patients.
Ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73) ‐mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis (2008)

Adenosine is a potent endogenous regulator of tissue repair that is released from injured cells and tissues. Hepatic fibrosis results from chronic hepatic injury, and we have previously reported that endogenously generated adenosine, acting at A(2A) receptors, plays a role in toxin-induced hepatic fibrosis. Adenosine may form intracellularly and then be transported to the extracellular space or it may form extracellularly from adenine nucleotides released from injured cells. Because ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the terminal step in extracellular adenosine formation from AMP, we determined whether CD73 plays a role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Mice were treated overnight with PBS, CCl(4), ethanol, or thioacetamide (TAA); their livers were harvested, and slices were incubated in medium for 20 h before adenosine concentration in the supernatant was measured by HPLC. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl(4) or TAA treatment in CD73 knockout (CD73KO and C57BL/6 background) and C57BL/6 control mice [wild-type (WT)] mice and quantified by digital analysis of picrosirius red stained slides and hydroxyproline content. mRNA expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein was quantified by Western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Livers from WT mice treated with CCl(4), ethanol, and TAA released 2- to 3-fold higher levels of adenosine than livers from comparably treated CD73KO mice. CD73KO mice were protected from fibrosis with significantly less collagen content in the livers of CD73KO than WT mice after treatment with either CCl(4) or TAA. There were far fewer alpha-smooth muscle actin positive hepatic stellate cells in CCl(4)-treated KO mice than that in WT mice. After CCl(4) treatment, the mRNA level of A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) adenosine receptors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-13r alpha1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-14, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1, and TIMP-2, and IL-13 level increased markedly in both CD73KO and WT mice, but Col1 alpha1, Col3 alpha1, and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA increased much more in WT mice than that in KO mice. Moreover, IL-13r alpha2, MMP-13 mRNA, and MMP-13 protein were higher in KO mice than that in WT mice. These results indicate that adenosine, formed extracellularly from adenine nucleotides, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and that inhibition of adenosine production or blockade of adenosine receptors may help prevent hepatic fibrosis.
Contents (2013)

Anti-computing explores forgotten histories and contemporary forms of dissent – moments when the imposition of computational technologies, logics, techniques, imaginaries, utopias have been questioned, disputed, or refused. It also asks why these moments tend to be forgotten. What is it about computational capitalism that means we live so much in the present? What has this to do with computational logics and practices themselves?This book addresses these issues through a critical engagement with media archaeology and medium theory and by way of a series of original studies; exploring Hannah Arendt and early automation anxiety, witnessing and the database, Two Cultures from the inside out, bot fear, singularity and/as science fiction. Finally, it returns to remap long-standing concerns against new forms of dissent, hostility, and automation anxiety, producing a distant reading of contemporary hostility.At once an acute response to urgent concerns around toxic digital cultures, an accounting with media archaeology as a mode of medium theory, and a series of original and methodologically fluid case studies, this book crosses an interdisciplinary research field including cultural studies, media studies, medium studies, critical theory, literary and science fiction studies, media archaeology, medium theory, cultural history, technology history.
The impact of phosphate scarcity on pharmaceutical protein production in S. cerevisiae: linking transcriptomic insights to phenotypic responses (2011)

Our study underlines the dynamic character of adaptive responses of cells towards a change in their nutrient access. The gradual decrease of the phosphate supply resulted in a step-wise modulated phenotypic response, thereby alternating the specific productivity and the secretory flux. Our work emphasizes the importance of reduced phosphate supply for improved secretory production of heterologous proteins.
Stochastic programming-based dynamic authorization model for cloud services environments (2012)

Due to the complexity of service resources and the dynamics of application requirements in cloud computing, the objects and subjects of access control model constantly change. Consequently, traditional access control models no longer meet the requirements of cloud security. In this paper, a multi-objective decision-making model based on stochastic programming is proposed. By introducing new variables such as risk and utility, we are able to quantify the current state of the cloud environment. Afterwards, we can use this information to select appropriate safety decision variables to compute the model, taking the minimization of risk and the maximization of utility as the goals. The results obtained by solving the model can be used to allow or deny the user's requests, while considering the dynamic structure of the cloud. In this way, the security of cloud resources can be assured at its core. The experimental results show that, depending on the user requirements and the current cloud environment, solving the model can effectively be used to grant the user the appropriate permissions to access different service resources.
PRÁTICAS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO COMO MEDIDA DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO SOLO E DA ÁGUA (2010)

A necessidade de elevacao nos indices de produtividade e rentabilidade dossistemas agricolas passa invariavelmente pelo manejo conservacionista dosrecursos hidricos e edaficos. Assim, o conhecimento sobre praticasconservacionistas e manejo de irrigacao se torna uma caracteristica indispensavelentre produtores de projeto de irrigacao. Atraves disto, este trabalho teve comoobjetivo levantar as possiveis causas do uso irracional da agua na irrigacao,estabelecendo e apresentando algumas alternativas do manejo de irrigacao comomedida conservacionista do solo e da agua. Concluiu-se que sustentabilidade daspraticas agricolas somente sera possivel atraves da adequacao aos metodos deirrigacao e a partir da educacao dos irrigantes nas tecnicas modernas demanutencao e manejo da agricultura irrigada.
Blind adaptive interference suppression for near-par resistant CDMA (2002)

Multiuser detection techniques can potentially solve the near-far problem in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. However, these techniques often assume knowledge of system parameters, suck as signature waveforms for all users, and associated timing, which may not be available, or may be inconvenient to obtain in practice. Recently proposed adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detectors do not require knowledge of signature waveforms; however, these techniques require a training sequence for adaptation. Here we propose a blind multiuser linear detector which requires only knowledge of the desired user's signature sequence (and associated timing). In particular, it does not require the use of a training sequence. Our approach is to decompose the filter impulse response into the sum of two orthogonal components: the matched filter corresponding to the desired user plus an adaptive filter. We show that if the adaptive filter is chosen to minimize the energy (i.e., variance) of output samples at each symbol interval, then a scaled version of the MMSE detector is obtained. Based on this observation, a simple adaptive gradient algorithm is derived, and numerical examples are presented which illustrate its performance in a synchronous CDMA system.
Simulated scatter performance of an inverse‐geometry dedicated breast CT system (2009)

The purpose of this work was to quantify the effects of scatter for inverse-geometry dedicated breast CT compared to cone-beam breast CT through simulations. The inverse geometry was previously proposed as an alternative to cone-beam acquisition for volumetric CT. The inverse geometry consists of a large-area scanned-source opposite a detector array that is smaller in the transverse direction. While the gantry rotates, the x-ray beam is rapidly sequenced through an array of positions, acquiring a truncated projection image at each position. Inverse-geometry CT (IGCT) is expected to detect less scatter than cone-beam methods because only a fraction of the object is irradiated at any time and the fast detector isolates the measurements from sequential x-ray beams. An additional scatter benefit is the increased air gap due to the inverted geometry. In this study, we modeled inverse-geometry and cone-beam dedicated breast CT systems of equivalent resolution, field of view, and photon fluence. Monte Carlo simulations generated scatter and primary projections of three cylindrical phantoms of diameters 10, 14, and 18 cm composed of 50% adipose/50% glandular tissue. The scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) was calculated for each breast diameter. Monte Carlo simulations were combined with analytical simulations to generate inverse-geometry and cone-beam images of breast phantoms embedded with tumors. Noise reprehenting the photon fluence of a realistic breast CT scan was added to the simulated projections. Cone-beam data were reconstructed with and without an ideal scatter correction. The CNR between breast tumor and background was compared for the inverse and cone-beam geometries for the three phantom diameters. Results demonstrated an order of magnitude reduction in SPR for the IGCT system compared to the cone-beam system. For example, the peak IGCT SPRs were 0.05 and 0.09 for the 14 and 18 cm phantoms, respectively, compared to 0.42 and 1 for the cone-beam system. For both geometries, the effects of scatter on contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were small for the 10 cm diameter phantom. The inverse-geometry improved the CNR by factors of 1.16 for the 14 cm phantom and 1.48 for the 18 cm phantom compared to a cone-beam acquisition without scatter correction. When an ideal scatter correction was applied to the cone-beam acquisition, the IGCT CNR improvements were 1.03 and 1.25 for the 14 and 18 cm phantoms. Overall, the results suggest that the inverse geometry may be advantageous for dedicated breast CT, an application that requires high-contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and dose efficiency.
Transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences between primary plasma cell leukemia and multiple myeloma even when sharing a similar genetic background (2019)

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a highly aggressive plasma cell dyscrasia characterised by short remissions and very poor survival. Although the 17p deletion is associated with poor outcome and extramedullary disease in MM, its presence does not confer the degree of aggressiveness observed in pPCL. The comprehensive exploration of isoform expression and RNA splicing events may provide novel information about biological differences between the two diseases. Transcriptomic studies were carried out in nine newly diagnosed pPCL and ten MM samples, all of which harbored the 17p deletion. Unsupervised cluster analysis clearly distinguished pPCL from MM samples. In total 3584 genes and 20033 isoforms were found to be deregulated between pPCL and MM. There were 2727 significantly deregulated isoforms of non-differentially expressed genes. Strangely enough, significant differences were observed in the expression of spliceosomal machinery components between pPCL and MM, in respect of the gene, isoform and the alternative splicing events expression. In summary, transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in the relative abundance of isoforms between pPCL and MM, even when they both had the 17p deletion. The mRNA processing pathway including RNA splicing machinery emerged as one of the most remarkable mechanisms underlying the biological differences between the two entities.
Measurement of gibbsian surface excess (2001)

Abstract The Gibbsian Surface Excesses (GSE) are the true experimental variables for measurement of equilibria and kinetics for pure and multicomponent gas‐solid adsorption. The gravimetric and volumetric methods, which are the most commonly used experimental procedures, are revisited. The common practice of ignoring helium adsorption during measurement of adsorbent density by helium pycnometry and measurement of void volumes in adsorption apparatus by helium expansion can lead to large errors in estimating GSE at high pressures and for less selectivity adsorbed components of a gas mixture. Methods to overcome these problems are described.
Effect of MHC class I and CD8 cell deficiency on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis pathogenesis. (1994)

MHC class I and CD8+ cell deficiency have either prevented systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in mice or enhanced type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. To study the involvement of MHC class I and class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in the induction of a classical Ab-mediated disease, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), we immunized beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2-m) gene-disrupted (beta 2 m-/-) C57BL10 (B10) mice, deficient in class I gene expression and CD8+ cells, and heterozygous (beta 2-m+/-) B10 mice with normal expression of class I molecules and sufficient CD8+ cells with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor in CFA, and assessed them for clinical and immunopathologic manifestations of EAMG. Despite MHC class I and CD8+ cell deficiency, beta 2-m-/- mice developed EAMG. Moreover, the incidence of EAMG in the beta 2-m-/- mice was higher than that of beta 2-m+/- heterozygous mice with normal class I expression and frequency of CD8+ cells. The finding provided direct genetic evidence against a pathogenic effector role in C57BL10 mice for MHC class I molecule and class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in EAMG pathogenesis.
Database integration in a distributed heterogeneous database system (1986)

This paper describes the approach to database integration in a heterogeneous distributed database environment utilized by the Amoco Distributed Database System (ADDS). We start with the definition of the extended relational data model that is used by ADDS for database integration. We demonstrate various aspects of resolving possible data conflicts occurring in the database integration process. The ADDS query and data definition languages are defined and their expressive power is discussed. We conclude with presentation of a query conversion algorithm to convert a user data request into a set of queries against supported physical databases.
Engineered turns of a recombinant antibody improve its <i>in vivo</i> folding (1995)

Using recombinant antibodies functionally expressed by secretion to the periplasm in Escherichia coli as a model system, we identified mutations located in turns of the protein which reduce the formation of aggregates during in vivo folding or which influence cell stability during expression. Unexpectedly, the two effects are based on different mutations and could be separated, but both mutations act synergistically in vivo. Neither mutation increases the thermodynamic stability in vitro. However, the in vivo folding mutation correlates with the yield of oxidative folding in vitro, which is limited by the side reaction of aggregation. The in vivo folding data also correlate with the rate and activation entropy of thermally induced aggregation. This analysis shows that it is possible to engineer improved frameworks for semi-synthetic antibody libraries which may be important in maintaining library diversity. Moreover, limitations in recombinant protein expression can be overcome by single amino acid substitutions.
Fluorescence microscopy imaging with a Fresnel zone plate array based optofluidic microscope (2011)

We report the implementation of an on-chip microscope system, termed fluorescence optofluidic microscope (FOFM), which is capable of fluorescence microscopy imaging of samples in fluid media. The FOFM employs an array of Fresnel zone plates (FZP) to generate an array of focused light spots within a microfluidic channel. As a sample flows through the channel and across the array of focused light spots, the fluorescence emissions are collected by a filter-coated CMOS sensor, which serves as the channel's floor. The collected data can then be processed to render fluorescence microscopy images at a resolution determined by the focused light spot size (experimentally measured as 0.65 μm FWHM). In our experiments, our established resolution was 1.0 μm due to Nyquist criterion consideration. As a demonstration, we show that such a system can be used to image the cell nuclei stained by Acridine Orange and cytoplasm labeled by Qtracker(®).
Complete nucleotide sequence, origin of isoform and functional characterization of the mouse hepsin gene (1999)

Hepsin, a type-II membrane-associated serine protease, has been implicated in cell growth and development as well as possible initiation of blood coagulation. Here, we report on the complete nucleotide sequence, functional characterization of key structural features and the promoter of the mouse hepsin gene. The gene has a size of approximately 17 kb, and is composed of 12, 13, or 14 exons depending on alternative intron splicings - one in the 5'-UTR and the other two in the second intron. The latter two, which occur in approximately half of the hepsin transcripts, generate a hepsin mRNA species with an extra exon, which is responsible for producing a hepsin isoform with a unique 20-residue sequence inserted in the cytoplasmic portion of hepsin. Most hepsin transcripts have the 5'-UTR intron spliced, and its splicing can occur independently of the other alternative splicings. The transcriptional initiation site was determined to be 636 bp upstream of the first ATG site in a cytidine-rich region. The 5'-flanking region of hepsin up to nucleotide 274 showed a substantial promoter activity in HepG2 cells, with its expression activity sevenfold higher in the presence of the 5'-UTR intron sequence in comparison to that without the intron sequence. The basal promoter region contains potential binding sites for several transcription factors including SP1, AP2, C/EBP, LF-A1, and E box, which may be responsible for ubiquitous, but liver- and kidney-preferred tissue expression of the hepsin gene.