gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of endocrine disruptors in surface waters by the yeast recombinant assay (2001)

Endocrine disruptors exert physiological effects at very low concentrations. Surface waters present often a mixture of high concentrations of low-potency disruptors and low amounts of very powerful ones, making their chemical analysis complicated and expensive. We developed a recombinant yeast assay (RYA) for estrogenic compounds using 96-well microtiter plates. This assay is based on three yeast strains, transformed with self-propagating plasmids. One strain contains an expression plasmid for the human estrogen hormone receptor and an appropriate reporter; it detects estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. The two other yeast strains, one expressing the human progesterone receptor and a second based on the yeast activator Gal4p, served to analyze the nature of antiestrogenic activities. We applied this technique to water samples from two tributaries on the Llobregat river (NE Spain) as well as from four sewage treatment plants discharging on them. Our results indicate that the efficiency of sewage treatment plants for eliminating estrogenic compounds varied notably, being in at least one case completely inefficient. We also observed a prevalence of an inhibitory activity all through the two rivers; this inhibition was hormone specific. These results were consistent to previously obtained chemical analyses of the same samples, although chemical and in vivo analyses showed rather different levels of sensitivity for some compounds. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the yeast recombinant assay for analyzing complex natural samples; at the same time, they stress the necessity of a panel of different yeast systems to adequately describe endocrine-disruptor activities.
Fundamental study on laser treatment of architectural materials (1990)

Although the use of lasers for cutting and welding metals has spread rapidly in recent years, laser processing of cement-base materials or natural stone used in the construction industry seems to have received relatively little attention. This paper presents the results of initial studies made to survey the feasibility of using laser treatment for surface modification of cement-base materials. CO2 laser irradiation of specimens containing pre-determined amounts of cement, zeolite and other additives yielded an emerald green glass surface layer which cannot usually be obtained by conventional methods of heating. The green colour is believed to be due to Fe2+ ions present in the mortar in the form of iron oxide. The laser irradiation experiments also yielded an important conclusion that the water content of the mortar needs to be carefully controlled in order to obtain good results. If the water content is improper, the surface tends to “explode” into fragments during laser beam irradiation. In addition to its decorative effect, the glass layer also possesses high hardness and serves as a barrier against the influx of moisture. However, the strength of the mortar is lowered by laser treatment due to the formation of a heat degraded zone just under the glass layer, and means of keeping such strength losses to a minimum need to be investigated in the future.
Los medios de comunicación y su función referencial (2003)

El tema de la mediacion aparece como elemento clave en la sociedad pluralizada, en ella la funcion referencial de los medio de comunicacion adquiere cada vez mayor importancia para las personas y las comunidades. Ladebilidad creciente que exhiben los referentes tradicionales, constituyentes de identidad y sentido, obliga a que esta funcion mediatica sea objeto de analisis y se medite en tornoa los desafios que implica su desempeno en un mundo globalizado
The Query Change Model (2015)

Modern information retrieval (IR) systems exhibit user dynamics through interactivity. These dynamic aspects of IR, including changes found in data, users, and systems, are increasingly being utilized in search engines. Session search is one such IR task—document retrieval within a session. During a session, a user constantly modifies queries to find documents that fulfill an information need. Existing IR techniques for assisting the user in this task are limited in their ability to optimize over changes, learn with a minimal computational footprint, and be responsive. This article proposes a novel query change retrieval model (QCM), which uses syntactic editing changes between consecutive queries, as well as the relationship between query changes and previously retrieved documents, to enhance session search. We propose modeling session search as a Markov decision process (MDP). We consider two agents in this MDP: the user agent and the search engine agent. The user agent’s actions are query changes that we observe, and the search engine agent’s actions are term weight adjustments as proposed in this work. We also investigate multiple query aggregation schemes and their effectiveness on session search. Experiments show that our approach is highly effective and outperforms top session search systems in TREC 2011 and TREC 2012.
Temperature-Compensated High-Frequency Surface Acoustic Wave Device (2013)

We report high-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with excellent temperature stability using a layered structure consisting of single-crystal LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thin film on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate. SAW devices with a wavelength of 2 μm have been fabricated and several wave modes ranging from ~ 1.5 to 2.1 GHz have been obtained. With the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interlayer providing the temperature compensation and the top single-crystal Z-cut LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> piezoelectric thin film for acoustic wave excitation, the fabricated SAW devices exhibit excellent temperature coefficients of frequency. Theoretical calculations are presented to elucidate temperature compensation of the proposed layered structure.
Effect of the Viscosity or Deacetylation Degree of Chitosan on Fecal Fat Excreted from Rats Fed on a High-fat Diet (1995)

Several chitosan preparations, either with a comparable degree of deacetylation but differing viscosity or with comparable viscosity but a differing degree of deacetylation, were examined for their effect on the fecal fat excreted from rats fed on a high-fat diet. As the viscosity or deacetylation degree of a chitosan preparation increased, the more its effect on the apparent fat digestibility by rats became conspicuous. A supplement of ascorbic acid to each chitosan diets resulted in a significant depression of fat digestion and absorption in the lumen. The chitosan intake caused a higher level of fat to be excreted in the feces of the corn oil-receiving rats than the lard-receiving ones, although the effect was strong with both diet groups.
Mouse SPNS2 Functions as a Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Transporter in Vascular Endothelial Cells (2012)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite that is produced inside the cells, regulates a variety of physiological and pathological responses via S1P receptors (S1P1-5). Signal transduction between cells consists of three steps; the synthesis of signaling molecules, their export to the extracellular space and their recognition by receptors. An S1P concentration gradient is essential for the migration of various cell types that express S1P receptors, such as lymphocytes, pre-osteoclasts, cancer cells and endothelial cells. To maintain this concentration gradient, plasma S1P concentration must be at a higher level. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which S1P is supplied to extracellular environments such as blood plasma. Here, we show that SPNS2 functions as an S1P transporter in vascular endothelial cells but not in erythrocytes and platelets. Moreover, the plasma S1P concentration of SPNS2-deficient mice was reduced to approximately 60% of wild-type, and SPNS2-deficient mice were lymphopenic. Our results demonstrate that SPNS2 is the first physiological S1P transporter in mammals and is a key determinant of lymphocyte egress from the thymus.
Hematology: A Pathophysiological Approach. (1984)

An Overview of the Blood RED BLOOD CELLS and THEIR DISEASES: Red Blood Cell Diseases: Red Cell Production, Red Cell Indices, And Reticulocyte Count. Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport: Disorders of Oxygen Binding. Heme Formation: The Supply of Iron, Iron Deficiency and Iron Excess. Heme Formation: Biosynthesis of the Tetrapyrrole, Porphyrias and Sideroblastic Anemias. DNA Replication and Hematopoiesis: Megaloblastic Anemias. Hypoproliferative Anemia. Hemolytic Anemias: Extravascular Destruction of Red Cells. Hemolytic Anemias: Intravascular Destruction of Red Cells. Hemoglobin Biosynthesis: Thalassemia and Hemoglobin E. Sickle Cell Amemiaand Related Hemoglobinpathies. Polycythemia COAGULATION: The Clotting Cascade and Its Regulation: Congenital and Acquired Clotting Factor Disorders. Platelets. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Antithrombotic Therapy: Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Drugs, And Fibronolytic Agents WHITE BLOOD CELLS and THEIR DISEASES: Immunoproteins and Immunoprotein Disorders. Phagocytes and Nonneoplastic Phagocytes Diseases. Lymphoid Cells and Immune Reactions Associated with Defence and Disease. Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity Caused By Defects in the Lymphoid System. Pathophysiology of Blood Cell Replication, Neoplasia, And Therapy of Hematological Malignancies. Stem Cell Disorders. Acute Myelogenous Leukemias. Lymphoid Neopasms: Overview. Acute Lympocytic Leukemia. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias. Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Plasma Cell Neoplasms. Immune Destruction of Blood Cells. Blood Transfusion Therapy. Bone Marrow Transplantation Index
Assessment of Handling of Inhaler Devices in Real Life: An Observational Study in 3811 Patients in Primary Care (2003)

The correct use of inhalation devices is an inclusion criterion for all studies comparing inhaled treatments. In real life, however, patients may make many errors with their usual inhalation device, which may negate the benefits observed in clinical trials. Our study was undertaken to compare inhalation device handling in real life. A total of 3811 patients treated for at least 1 month with an inhalation device (Aerolizer, Autohaler, Diskus, pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), or Turbuhaler) were included in this observational study performed in primary care in France between February 1st and July 14th, 2002. General practitioners had to assess patient handling of their usual inhaler device with the help of a checklist established for each inhaler model, from the package leaflet. Seventy-six percent of patients made at least one error with pMDI compared to 49-55% with breath-actuated inhalers. Errors compromising treatment efficacy were made by 11-12% of patients treated with Aerolizer, Autohaler, or Diskus compared to 28% and 32% of patients treated with pMDI and Turbuhaler, respectively. Overestimation of good inhalation by general practitioners was maximal for Turbuhaler (24%), and lowest for Autohaler and pMDI (6%). Ninety percent of general practitioners felt that participation in the study would improve error detection. These results suggest that there are differences in the handling of inhaler devices in real life in primary care that are not taken into account in controlled studies. There is a need for continued education of prescribers and users in the proper use of these devices to improve treatment efficacy.
Disconnected operations in mobile environments (2002)

The execution of distributed applications involving mobile terminals and fixed servers connected by wireless links raises the need for handling network disconnections, both involuntary during unexpected connection breakdowns, and voluntary when the user wants to save money and energy. In this paper, we investigate how standard CORBA mechanisms (Objects By Value and Portable Interceptors) can be used for enhancing legacy CORBA-based distributed applications in order to support voluntary and involuntary disconnections. We show that the first mechanism can be used for handling easily voluntary disconnections by copying on the terminal all the data necessary for running the application in a disconnected mode. The second mechanism allows also to handle involuntary disconnections; a switch between connected mode and disconnected mode can be performed transparently to the user.
Fine structure of heparan sulfate regulates syndecan-1 function and cell behavior. (1994)

Two myeloma cell lines, MPC-11 and P3X63Ag8.653 (P3), have almost identical amounts of syndecan-1 at their cell surface. The syndecan-1 molecules from both lines are similar in size, have indistinguishable core proteins, and have similarly sized heparan sulfate chains. Nevertheless, syndecan-1 on MPC-11 mediates cell adhesion to type I collagen, whereas P3 cells do not bind collagen. Affinity co-electrophoresis reveals that intact syndecan-1 isolated from P3 cells binds collagen poorly and that syndecan-1 heparan sulfate isolated from MPC-11 has a 20-fold higher affinity for collagen than syndecan-1 heparan sulfate from P3. Analysis of disaccharide composition and oligosaccharide mapping also reveals differences between MPC-11 and P3 heparan sulfate. Most notably, the level of N-sulfation and 2-O-sulfation is higher, and 6-O-sulfation lower, in syndecan-1 heparan sulfate from MPC-11 than from P3. Interestingly, levels of total sulfation of syndecan-1 heparan sulfate from MPC-11 and P3 are similar (75.6 and 72.6 sulfates/100 disaccharides, respectively), indicating that the difference in their affinity for collagen is not due to a difference in net charge. These data indicate that the fine structure of heparan sulfate can differ on identical proteoglycan core proteins, and these differences can control fundamental cellular properties such as cell-matrix adhesion.
A process-model control for linear systems with delay (1981)

This paper is concerned with linear systems containing time delay in control. A process-model control which utilizes a mathematical model of the process in the minor feedback loop around the conventional controller to overcome delay is developed. A new process-model control system which can yield zero steady-state error and desired transient responses to step disturbances and arbitrary initial conditions is proposed. The remarkable feature of the proposed system is that the states of the model and the integrator are unobservable in the output of the model. It is shown that this structural property is the key by which the major problems of process-model control can be solved.
Diagnostic Performances of Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptides Antibody and Antifilaggrin Antibody in Korean Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. We studied the diagnostic performances of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides antibody (anti-CCP) assay and recombinant anti-citrullinated filaggrin antibody (AFA) assay by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with RA in Korea. Diagnostic performances of the anti-CCP assay and AFA assay were compared with that of rheumatoid factor (RF) latex fixation test. RF, anti-CCP, and AFA assays were performed in 324 RA patients, 251 control patients, and 286 healthy subjects. The optimal cut off values of each assay were determined at the maximal point of area under the curve by receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve. Sensitivity (72.8%) and specificity (92.0%) of anti-CCP were better than those of AFA (70.3%, 70.5%), respectively. The diagnostic performance of RF showed a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 78.5%. Anti-CCP and AFA showed positivity in 23.8% and 17.3% of seronegative RA patients, respectively. In conclusion, we consider that anti-CCP could be very useful serological assay for the diagnosis of RA, because anti-CCP revealed higher diagnostic specificity than RF and AFA at the optimal cut off values and could be performed by easy, convenient ELISA method.
Scalable deterministic end-to-end probing and analytical method for overlay network monitoring (2011)

Overlay network monitoring is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of overlay networks. It faced with increasing demand for better throughput and response time performance. Given an overlay network with n end hosts, existing systems either require O (n2) measurements, and thus lack scalability, or can only estimate the latency but not failures or congestion. We propose a scalable deterministic network monitoring scheme that selectively monitors k linearly independent paths which can fully describe all the O (n2) paths. We use the loss rates and latency of the collected k path to deduce the loss rate and latency of the rest paths. Our method only assumes knowledge of the underlying IP topology, with links dynamically varying between normal and lossy. In this paper, we propose a novel Path Loss Inference Algorithm (in short, PLIA) which improves implements and extensively estimates such a monitoring method. We carry out our experiments in two different scenarios and the results from the experiments demonstrate that our approach increases accuracy in monitoring congested paths compared to other representative schemas'. Especially in a router-level topology, our approach can deliver almost a 12.5% increase.
Horizontal transmission and retention of malignancy, as well as functional human genes, after spontaneous fusion of human glioblastoma and hamster host cells <i>in vivo</i> (2011)

Cell fusion in vitro has been used to study cancer, gene mapping and regulation, and the production of antibodies via hybridomas. However, in-vivo heterosynkaryon formation by cell-cell fusion has received less attention. This investigation describes the spontaneous fusion of a human glioblastoma with normal hamster cells after xenogeneic transplantation, resulting in malignant cells that express both human and hamster genes and gene products, and retention of glioblastoma traits with an enhanced ability to metastasize. Three of 7 human genes found showed translation of their proteins during serial propagation in vivo or in vitro for years; namely, CD74, CXCR4 and PLAGL2, each implicated with malignancy or glioblastoma. This supports the thesis that genetic hybridization of cancer and normal cells can transmit malignancy and also, as first described herein, regulatory genes involved in the tumor's organotypic morphology. Evidence also is increasing that even cell-free human cancer DNA can induce malignancy and transfer genetic information to normal cells. Hence, we posit that the transfer of genetic information between tumor and stromal cells, whether by cell-cell fusion or other mechanisms, is implicated in the progression of malignancy, and may further define the crosstalk between cancer cells and their stromal neighbors.
Assessment of Bone Mineral Density and Markers of Bone Turnover in Children Under Long-term Oral Anticoagulant Therapy (2008)

Oral anticoagulants antagonize vitamin K action and potentially impair the carboxylation of osteocalcin, a protein essential for normal bone matrix formation. In the present study, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers were evaluated in 23 children under long-term oral anticoagulant therapy. BMD of the lumbar spine was assessed (Dual Energy x-ray Absorptiometry) and reported as z score. Osteoblast [bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin (Gla-Oc), amino-terminal procollagen 1 extension peptide] and osteoclast (urinary calcium and deoxypyridinoline, serum cross-linked C telopeptide) activity markers were measured. Vitamin D {[25(OH) D], parathormone, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium} and vitamin K status [factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, protein S, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-Oc)] were determined. The above parameters were also evaluated in 25 healthy controls. Patients presented with higher levels in Glu-Oc, parathormone, and bone resorption markers, lower levels in bone formation markers and 25(OH) D, whereas 52% of them showed signs of osteopenia (-1>BMD z score>-2.5). Statistical analysis demonstrated that anticoagulant therapy was an independent predictor of alterations in Glu-Oc, Gla-Oc, bone alkaline phosphatase, amino-terminal procollagen 1 extension peptide, and serum cross-linked C telopeptide levels. It seems that long-term use of coumarin derivatives may cause osteopenia in children with the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life.
Stress‐induced factors involved in flower formation in <i>Lemna</i> (1994)

At a concentration equivalent to 0.3–1 μ M , the norepinephrine solution in which the drought‐stressed plants of Lemna paucicostata 441 were immersed for 2 h, induced flowering in L. paucicosrata 151. Not only drought stress but also osmotic stress, 5 min on 0.5 M mannitol solution, and heat stress, 5 min on 45–55°C hot water, were effective in producing or releasing a factor capable of activating norepinephrine. Such a putative factor has been designated as factor C, The first supernatant obtained after immediate centrifugation of the homogenate of the plants had only weak factor C activity, hut the second supernatant, obtained after a 30‐min incubation of the suspension of the first pellet, showed high factor C activity. The water in which Lemna plants subjected to both drought and heat stresses had been immersed for 2 h. showed flower‐inducing activity even in the absence of added norepinephrine.
The more total cognitive load is reduced by cues, the better retention and transfer of multimedia learning: A meta-analysis and two meta-regression analyses (2017)

Cueing facilitates retention and transfer of multimedia learning. From the perspective of cognitive load theory (CLT), cueing has a positive effect on learning outcomes because of the reduction in total cognitive load and avoidance of cognitive overload. However, this has not been systematically evaluated. Moreover, what remains ambiguous is the direct relationship between the cue-related cognitive load and learning outcomes. A meta-analysis and two subsequent meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore these issues. Subjective total cognitive load (SCL) and scores on a retention test and transfer test were selected as dependent variables. Through a systematic literature search, 32 eligible articles encompassing 3,597 participants were included in the SCL-related meta-analysis. Among them, 25 articles containing 2,910 participants were included in the retention-related meta-analysis and the following retention-related meta-regression, while there were 29 articles containing 3,204 participants included in the transfer-related meta-analysis and the transfer-related meta-regression. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant cueing effect on subjective ratings of cognitive load (d = -0.11, 95% CI = [-0.19, -0.02], p < 0.05), retention performance (d = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.08, 0.46], p < 0.01), and transfer performance (d = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.56], p < 0.01). The subsequent meta-regression analyses showed that dSCL for cueing significantly predicted dretention for cueing (β = -0.70, 95% CI = [-1.02, -0.38], p < 0.001), as well as dtransfer for cueing (β = -0.60, 95% CI = [-0.92, -0.28], p < 0.001). Thus in line with CLT, adding cues in multimedia materials can indeed reduce SCL and promote learning outcomes, and the more SCL is reduced by cues, the better retention and transfer of multimedia learning.
[Inhibition of momordica anti-HIV protein of MAP30 on HBeAg expression by laser scanning confocal microscopy]. (2003)

MAP30 can effectively inhibit HBeAg expression in the 2.2.15 cells.