gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation by Iteratively Mining Common Object Features (2018)

Weakly-supervised semantic segmentation under image tags supervision is a challenging task as it directly associates high-level semantic to low-level appearance. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we propose an iterative bottom-up and top-down framework which alternatively expands object regions and optimizes segmentation network. We start from initial localization produced by classification networks. While classification networks are only responsive to small and coarse discriminative object regions, we argue that, these regions contain significant common features about objects. So in the bottom-up step, we mine common object features from the initial localization and expand object regions with the mined features. To supplement non-discriminative regions, saliency maps are then considered under Bayesian framework to refine the object regions. Then in the top-down step, the refined object regions are used as supervision to train the segmentation network and to predict object masks. These object masks provide more accurate localization and contain more regions of object. Further, we take these object masks as initial localization and mine common object features from them. These processes are conducted iteratively to progressively produce fine object masks and optimize segmentation networks. Experimental results on Pascal VOC 2012 dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.
Metabolism of Benzoate and the Methylbenzoates by <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> ( <i>arvilla</i> ) mt-2: Evidence for the Existence of a TOL Plasmid (1974)

Mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 which have lost the ability to grow at the expense of m- or p-toluate (methylbenzoate) but retain the ability to grow with benzoate arise spontaneously during growth on benzoate; this genetic loss occurs to a lesser extent during growth on nonaromatic carbon sources in the presence of mitomycin C. The mutants have totally lost the activity of the enzymes of the divergent meta pathway with the possible exception of 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase; unlike the wild type they utilize benzoate by the ortho pathway. Evidence is presented that these mutants have lost a plasmid coding for the enzymes of the meta pathway, which may be transmitted back to them or into other P. putida strains. Preliminary results from these mutants and from a mutant defective in the regulation of the plasmid-carried pathway suggest that the wild type contains two benzoate oxidase systems, one on the plasmid which is nonspecific in both its catalysis and its induction and one on the chromosome which is more specific to benzoate as substrate and is specifically induced by benzoate.
Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Mobilization for Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (2014)

Peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization practices vary significantly among institutions. Effective mobilization regimens include growth factor alone, chemotherapy and growth factor combined, and, more recently, incorporation of plerixafor with either approach. Many institutions have developed algorithms to improve stem cell mobilization success rates and cost-effectiveness. However, an optimal stem cell mobilization regimen has not been defined. Practical guidelines are needed to address important clinical questions, including which growth factor is optimal, what chemotherapy and dose is most effective, and when to initiate leukapheresis. We present recommendations, based on a comprehensive review of the literature, from the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.
New Adaptive HARQ Schemes in MIMO TDD System Using SVD (2007)

Inheriting the main advantages of hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO), we apply HARQ scheme into MIMO systems to get high reliability and throughput. This paper presents three kinds of adaptive HARQ schemes in MIMO-TDD system using SVD for different system complexity and quality of service (QoS) requirements. The first scheme makes full use of the freedom of antennas permutation and the process is very simple. The other two schemes utilize two degrees of freedom which include antennas permutation and power allocation to achieve better performance.
Measuring the Effects of Non-Identical Data Distribution for Federated Visual Classification (2019)

Federated Learning enables visual models to be trained in a privacy-preserving way using real-world data from mobile devices. Given their distributed nature, the statistics of the data across these devices is likely to differ significantly. In this work, we look at the effect such non-identical data distributions has on visual classification via Federated Learning. We propose a way to synthesize datasets with a continuous range of identicalness and provide performance measures for the Federated Averaging algorithm. We show that performance degrades as distributions differ more, and propose a mitigation strategy via server momentum. Experiments on CIFAR-10 demonstrate improved classification performance over a range of non-identicalness, with classification accuracy improved from 30.1% to 76.9% in the most skewed settings.
Ibrutinib Polymorphs: Crystallographic Study (2018)

In this paper, we present a comprehensive crystallographic study of Ibrutinib polymorphs and their behavior. Three neat polymorphs (A, B, and C) and a methanol solvate (F) were obtained and characterized. The structures of forms A, C, and F were solved from single-crystal diffraction data. Form B has only ever been prepared as a powder, and its structure solution has, so far, not been successful. Polymorph C is a desolvate of the methanol solvate F, and its structure was solved via the single-crystal to single-crystal transformation. The analysis of the solved structures revealed significant differences in the crystal packing of form A in comparison with the previously described Ibrutinib structures, enabling it to crystallize in a higher symmetry space group (monoclinic vs triclinic). The structures also revealed a high similarity between forms C and F, explaining their mutual transformability. To further analyze the solids, we performed DSC, long-term slurry transformations, intrinsic dissolution experiments, and DVS. FT-Raman spectroscopy was used for the preliminary characterization and fast distinction between the forms. We have also performed basic energy calculations to estimate the strength of the various present H-bonds. All methods confirmed the polymorph A to be the thermodynamically most stable form.
Vitamin D Insufficiency and Diabetes Risks (2010)

Diabetes is an increasing epidemic; hyperglycemia results from lack of insulin or inadequate insulin secretion following increases in insulin resistance. Huge costs are placed upon sufferers and health providers, aggravated as serious and disabling complications develop. Thus, measures to reduce the diabetic burden are public health concerns. Vitamin D, identified ≈100 years ago, promotes calcium absorption and utilization, preventing and curing rickets & osteomalacia. Calcium is necessary for insulin secretion, suggesting vitamin D may contribute to maintaining insulin secretion. Vitamin D, formed in skin in bright sunshine, is scarce in foodstuffs. Data linking hypovitaminosis D to hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic disorders increasing cardiovascular risk [metabolic 'syndrome'] has accumulated over ≈40 years. Many mechanisms are known whereby hypovitaminosis D could be causal, e.g. by increasing insulin resistance, reducing insulin secretion and increasing autoimmune or inflammatory damage to pancreatic islets. Major questions still to be answered are whether increasing vitamin D status to the maximum seen in healthy people would reduce the risk of diabetes, the severity of the disease or of its complications, including cardiovascular disease. These questions urgently require answers. If on-going/ planned RCTs confirm causality, maintenance of adequate vitamin D status at the population level by food-fortification or supplementation would be cost-effective measures likely to reduce the burden and costs of diabetes to individuals and health services. Additionally, vitamin D(2/3) supplementation is cheap but whether some non-hypercalcemia-inducing analogue may prove safer has not yet been addressed at the population level.
Hypertonic saline solution: an effective wound dressing solution. (1993)

In search of a cheaper and effective dressing solution for ulcers, 53 patients presenting with various types of ulcers at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were treated with different strengths hypertonic saline 0.3, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 3 osmoles. The ages of the ulcers were between 3 months and 3 years. Optimal results were obtained with solution of 1.5 mmols and above. Desloughing occurred within 2 weeks and granulation was fast and good enough for skin grafting where necessary. Healing was faster in other ulcers that were not due for grafting.
Enhanced Groupwise Detection with a New Receive Combiner for Spatial Multiplexing MIMO Systems (2010)

In this letter, we propose a new groupwise receive combiner design for multiple-input multiple-output spatial multiplexing systems. The conventional group detection (GD) suffers from a considerable performance loss since the noise components are not taken into account. The output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is defined in each subgroup in order to consider both the desired signal and noise statistics. Adopting the real-valued representation, we provide an optimal receive combiner which maximizes the SINR with a general group size. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a large performance gain over the conventional GD in coded systems. Also, when combining with near-optimal detection algorithms such as sphere decoder, the proposed GD scheme offers a comparable performance with significant reduced complexity.
Severe acute cholestatic hepatitis with prolonged cholestasis and bile-duct injury following atorvastatin therapy: a case report. (2009)

We report the case of a patient who exhibited severe acute hepatitis with symptomatic cholestasis for more than 3 months and bile duct injury following the prescription of atorvastatin. After withdrawal the drug, the patient's wellbeing slowly improves and biological features normalize in 4 months. Therapy aimed at treating severe liver steatosis and hypercholesterolemia. Atorvastatin is a highly effective 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutamyl- coenzyme A reductase (statin) used to lower low-density lipoprotein. Reported frequent adverse events of the medication include nausea, depression, myalgia, abdominal pain and abnormal liver function tests. Although abnormal liver function tests is not an uncommon side effect of the medication, more serious liver injury is rare. In a recent literature review, about ten cases of serious hepatotoxicity have been documented. In the typical presentation, the duration of exposure prior to hepatic toxicity is variable. Liver injury is generally of the mixed type. A prolonged cholestasis for more than 3 months has been seldom reported. Morphological changes includes canalicular cholestasis, feathery degeneration but no cholangiolitis nor cholangitis under the form of cytological and inflammatory changes at the level of interlobular bile ducts. This case report provides further evidence that among statins, atorvastatin may be implicated in drug-induced liver injury and indicates for the first time that such liver injury may be followed by prolonged cholestasis and interlobular bile duct injury. Atorvastatin has thus to be added to the list of medication potentially responsible for bile duct injury.
THE EFFECT OF WATER HARDNESS AND TEMPERATURE ON WATER STERILIZATION BY MIXTURES OF DETERGENTS AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (1956)

SUMMARY: Six QAC detergent mixtures and the QACs alone were tested for bactericidal efficiency in hard and distilled water, using E. coli as test organism, contact times of 1, 2 and 5 min and temperatures of 5, 10 and 17°. The efficiencies of the unformulated QACs were dissimilar. With all, 200 p/m in hard water was less efficient than 50 p/m in distilled water. The efficiencies of the QAC detergent mixtures were not related to that of the pure QAC, the efficiency of a QAC being increased by one detergent formulation and decreased by another. All materials were least efficient at 5°.
Use of GM-CSF as an adjuvant with cancer vaccines: beneficial or detrimental? (2010)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate these reports, while considering the most recent clinical data on immunotherapies. We aim to demonstrate the utility of this adjuvant, elucidate those instances in which GM-CSF may induce immune suppression and identify potential explanations for these recent findings.
Accelerating queries with group-by and join by groupjoin (2011)

Most aggregation queries contain both group-by and join operators, and spend a significant amount of time evaluating these two expensive operators. Merging them into one operator (the groupjoin ) significantly speeds up query execution. We introduce two main equivalences to allow for the merging and prove their correctness. Furthermore, we show experimentally that these equivalences can significantly speed up TPC-H.
Battery Availability for Near-Term (1998) Electric Vehicles (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Battery Requirements were determined for a wide spectrum of electric vehicles ranging from 2-passenger sports cars and microvans to full-size vans with a payload of 500 kg. All the vehicles utilize ac, high voltage (340-360 V) powertrains and have acceleration performance (0-80 km/h in less than 15 seconds) expected to be the norm in 1998 electric vehicles. Battery packs were configured for each of the vehicles using families of sealed lead-acid and nickel-cadmium modules which are either presently available in limited quantities or are being developed by battery companies which market a similar battery technology. It was found that the battery families available encompass the Ah cell sizes required for the various vehicles and that they could be packaged in the space available in each vehicle. The acceleration performance and range of the vehicles were calculated using the SIMPLEV simulation program. The results showed that all the vehicles had the required acceleration characteristics and ranges beween 80-160 km (50-100 miles) with the ranges using nickel-cadmium batteries being 40-60% greater than those using lead-acid batteries.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Significant changes in the design of electric vehicles over the last fifteen years are noted. These changes make the design of the batteries more difficult by increasing the peak power density required from about 60 W/kg to 100-150 W/kg and by reducing the Ah cell size needed from about 150 Ah to 30-70 Ah. Both of these changes in battery specifications increase the difficulty of achieving low $/kWh cost and long cycle life. This is true for both lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries.</div>
POSS-Containing Bioinspired Adhesives with Enhanced Mechanical and Optical Properties for Biomedical Applications (2016)

A new terpolymer adhesive, poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate-co-N-methacryloyl 3,4-dihydroxyl-l-phenylalanine-co-heptaisobutyl substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane propyl methacrylate) (poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) was synthesized by thermally initiated radical polymerization. In this study, we investigated the effect of the POSS component on adhesion, mechanical, and optical properties of the catechol-group containing bioinspired adhesives. The terpolymer contains the catechol group which is known to improve the adhesion properties of polymers. Only a very small amount of the POSS-containing monomer, MPOSS, was included, 0.5 mol %. In the presence of POSS, the synthesized poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) demonstrated strong adhesion properties, 23.2 ± 6.2 J/m<sup>2</sup> with 0.05 N preloading and 300 s holding time, compared to many previously prepared catechol-containing adhesives. The mechanical properties (Young's modulus and stress at 10% strain) of the POSS-containing terpolymer showed significant increases (6-fold higher) over the control polymer, which does not contain POSS. Optical transmittance of the synthesized terpolymer was also improved significantly in the visible light range, 450-750 nm. Cell testing with human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A) indicates that the new terpolymer is a promising candidate in biomedical adhesives without acute cytotoxicity. The synthesized poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) is the first example of POSS-containing pressure sensitive bioinspired adhesive for biomedical applications. The study of poly(MEA-co-MDOPA-co-MPOSS) demonstrated a convenient method to enhance two important properties, mechanical and optical properties, by the addition of a very small amount of POSS. Based on this study, it was found that POSS can be used to strengthen mechanical properties of bioinspired adhesive without the need for a covalent cross-linking step.
Decision Detection Using Hierarchical Graphical Models (2010)

We investigate hierarchical graphical models (HGMs) for automatically detecting decisions in multi-party discussions. Several types of dialogue act (DA) are distinguished on the basis of their roles in formulating decisions. HGMs enable us to model dependencies between observed features of discussions, decision DAs, and subdialogues that result in a decision. For the task of detecting decision regions, an HGM classifier was found to outperform non-hierarchical graphical models and support vector machines, raising the F1-score to 0.80 from 0.55. 1
Sol-gel glass waveguides prepared at low temperature (1993)

Planar waveguides of TiO2-organically modified silanes deposited on glass substrates were prepared by the sol-gel method, either in a pure form or doped by red perylimide laser dye, and their optical properties characterized. The refractive index increases and film thickness decreases as TiO2 contents rise. Waveguiding in the pure film and the trapped luminescence in the doped films were measured. Typically three guided modes were observed.
UPBOT: a testbed for cyber-physical systems (2010)

Developing software for cyber-physical systems presents a unique challenge. These systems are not simply software; they are composed of software running on a collection of machines that present a risk to human safety if anything goes wrong. Researchers want to create languages and tools that aid in the development of secure and fault-tolerant software, but they cannot simply “try out ” their ideas on a fighter jet. This paper describes our modest UPBOT testbed. Pronounced yoō-pē-bät, it has three features that aptly comprise a cyber-physical system: networked control, enforceable physical properties, and off-the-shelf components. We offer that UPBOT can be used to effectively test security threats and defenses against cyber-physical systems; it presents multiple points of attack on a programmable, component-based system whose on-board intelligence may maintain safety-critical properties despite malicious attack. Given its low cost and low barrier to entry it may be especially useful to: i) undergraduates interested in learning about the domain; ii) researchers who lack access to oft-unavailable real systems but want to evaluate their solutions for cyber-physical systems. 1
Cluster-orbital shell model and its application to the He isotopes (1988)

A model is proposed in which we take full advantage of both the shell and cluster models in order to describe a system of valence nucleons weakly coupled to a core. This is realized by introducing radius vectors of the valence nucleons relative to the core, new coordinates of independent particle nature. The model is applied to the neutron-rich He isotopes, $^{6\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}\mathrm{He}$, with reasonable success.
Reaction of Anisole with Carbon Monoxide under High Pressure (1967)

A kinetic study has been made of the synthesis of o- and p-anisaldehyde from anisole-BF3 complex and CO in hydrogen fluoride solution.In the preliminary investigation a new white complex was obtained below -60°C, the composition of which was 1 mole anisole-2 moles BF3-1 mole HF with a m. p. of -60°C. The apparent equilibrium constant for the complex formation has been determined to be 219 at 0°C on the assumption of the existence of o- and p-complex of σ-type.As to the reaction of anisole with CO, the conditions enabling the liquid phase reaction rate-determining were found to be: a charge ratio of Anisole/HF<30, a stirring speed above 750rpm and an operational temperature below 60°C; the latter being essential to prevent side reactions leading to the formation of tarry matter.The rate of each o- and p-aldehyde formation is of the first order with respect to the dissolved CO and the complex respectively. The apparent rate constants are 6.67×10-3 (kg-1cm2•min-1) for o- and 4.23×10-3 for p-aldehyde formation at 40°C and the apparent activation energies 9kcal•mole-1 for both products.Compared with the rates of the same reaction with toluene and m-xylene, the rate constant of anisaldehyde formation is much smaller.
The microstructure, molecular constituents, and stability of the graphite–antimony pentachloride intercalate (1983)

Reaction of SbCl5 with graphite at room temperature results in the formation of a dilute first-stage intercalate consisting of several species, including SbCl3, Sbcl52–, SbCl6– and SbCl63–; the occurrence of an unusual low-temperature phase transition is also discussed.
ZO-1 recruitment to α-catenin: a novel mechanism for coupling the assembly of tight junctions to adherens junctions (2013)

The formation of a barrier between epithelial cells is a fundamental determinant of cellular homeostasis, protecting underlying cells against pathogens, dehydration and damage. Assembly of the tight junction barrier is dependent upon neighboring epithelial cells binding to one another and forming adherens junctions, but the mechanism for how these processes are linked is poorly understood. Using a knockdown and substitution system, we studied whether ZO-1 binding to α-catenin is required for coupling tight junction assembly to the formation of adherens junctions. We found that preventing ZO-1 binding to α-catenin did not appear to affect adherens junctions. Rather the assembly and maintenance of the epithelial barrier were disrupted. This disruption was accompanied by alterations in the mobility of ZO-1 and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Thus, our study identifies α-catenin binding to ZO-1 as a new mechanism for coupling the assembly of the epithelial barrier to cell-to-cell adhesion.
Polarization independent resonant bandstop filters using 1D periodic layers with asymmetric profiles (2004)

We demonstrate polarization independent guided-mode resonance bandstop filters utilizing nondegenrate leaky modes excited with light at normal incidence. Narrowband and wideband filters are obtained by controlling the grating profile and modulation strength.