gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Host Factors to Treat West Nile and Dengue Viral Infections (2014)

West Nile (WNV) and Dengue (DENV) viruses are major arboviral human pathogens belonging to the genus Flavivirus. At the current time, there are no approved prophylactics (e.g., vaccines) or specific therapeutics available to prevent or treat human infections by these pathogens. Due to their minimal genome, these viruses require many host molecules for their replication and this offers a therapeutic avenue wherein host factors can be exploited as treatment targets. Since several host factors appear to be shared by many flaviviruses the strategy may result in pan-flaviviral inhibitors and may also attenuate the rapid emergence of drug resistant mutant viruses. The scope of this strategy is greatly enhanced by the recent en masse identification of host factors impacting on WNV and DENV infection. Excellent proof-of-principle experimental demonstrations for host-targeted control of infection and infection-induced pathogenesis have been reported for both WNV and DENV. These include exploiting not only those host factors supporting infection, but also targeting host processes contributing to pathogenesis and innate immune responses. While these early studies validated the host-targeting approach, extensive future investigations spanning a range of aspects are needed for a successful deployment in humans.
Cytoprotection by Neutral Fraction of Tannat Red Wine against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death (2004)

Some of the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on human pathologies have been attributed to red wine polyphenols. It has been postulated that the antioxidant activity of the latter would be also responsible for the cytoprotective capacity of red wine that has been reported in a few papers. Nevertheless, red wine shows a complex composition, and the active fraction is not known yet. In this context, the protective capacity of total lyophilized extracts of red wine and anthocyanin, neutral, or acidic fractions, was explored in PC12 cells in culture after a hydrogen peroxide insult. Although all fractions showed high antioxidant activity, only the neutral fraction was cytoprotective. The analysis of this active fraction showed that it was rich in the aglycons quercetin and myricetin as well as the glycosides of kaempferol, isorhamnetin, epicatechin, and catechin, some of which are known to be cytoprotective. This is the first paper to reveal the active fraction of total wine responsible of its cytoprotection.
Antagonism of NMDA receptors impairs acquisition but not retention of olfactory memory. (1989)

Prompted by evidence pointing to a key role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system in the induction of long-term potentiation and possibly in the formation of some types of memory, we examined the effect of chronic intraventricular administration of D-amino-phosphono-valeric acid (AP5), a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on olfactory discrimination and avoidance learning. These two tasks were selected because they are affected to very different degrees by damage to the hippocampus and other telencephalic structures rich in NMDA receptors. Twenty rats previously trained to solve a series of discriminations between two simultaneously presented odors were infused with either 20 mM D-AP5 or saline (n = 10 per group) for 14 days. An important and unusual feature of the paradigm was that it permitted a comparison of drug effects on acquisition of new discriminations versus retention of old ones. Animals treated with AP5 made significantly more errors than did saline controls in acquiring discriminations between low-intensity odors presented with long intertrial intervals (ITIs). However, no deficit was observed when short ITIs (less than 2 min) or strong odors were used. Animals treated with AP5 had no difficulty in recognizing odors on which they were trained before administration of the drug. After exhaustion of the pumps, performance of the AP5 group was indistinguishable from that of the control group. One-way active avoidance learning was not affected by chronic infusion of AP5. Several possibilities are discussed that could account for the selective olfactory learning deficit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life (1991)

When can we trust what we believe - that teams and players have winning streaks, that flattery works, or that more people who agree, the more likely they are to be right - and when are such beliefs suspect? Thomas Gilovich offers a guide to the fallacy of the obvious in everyday life. Illustrating his points with examples, and supporting them with the latest research findings, he documents the cognitive, social and motivational processes that distort our thoughts, beliefs, judgements and decisions. In a rapidly changing world, the biases and stereotypes that help us process an overload of complex information inevitably distort what we would like to believe is reality. Awareness of our propensity to make these systematic errors, Gilovich argues, is the first step to more effective analysis and action.
Elevated levels of circulating CD44 in patients with systemic sclerosis: association with a milder subset (2002)

Elevated sCD44 levels were associated with a relatively mild subset of SSc. These results suggest that CD44 could be a potential therapeutic target in SSc.
984. [K <sup>1</sup> . 20. e.] <i>Given the base BC of a triangle ABC, and the direction OM of the median which bisects BC in O, and also given the sum of the sides, to find the vertex A</i> . (1931)

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Constitutive α‐secretase cleavage of the β‐amyloid precursor protein in the furin‐deficient LoVo cell line: involvement of the pro‐hormone convertase 7 and the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM10 (2001)

The beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) undergoes a physiological cleavage triggered by one or several proteolytic activities referred to as alpha-secretases, leading to the secretion of sAPPalpha. Several lines of evidence indicate that the alpha-secretase cleavage is a highly regulated process. Thus, besides constitutive production of sAPPalpha, several studies have reported on protein kinase C-regulated sAPPalpha secretion. Studies aimed at identifying alpha-secretase(s) candidates suggest the involvement of enzymes belonging to the pro-hormone convertases and disintegrin families. The delineation of respective contributions of proteolytic activities in constitutive and regulated sAPPalpha secretion is rendered difficult by the fact that the overall regulated response always includes the basal constitutive counterpart that cannot be selectively abolished. Here we report on the fact that the furin-deficient LoVo cells are devoid of regulated PKC-dependent sAPPalpha secretion and therefore represent an interesting model to study exclusively the constitutive sAPPalpha secretion. We show here, by a pharmacological approach using selective inhibitors, that pro-hormone convertases and proteases of the ADAM (disintegrin metalloproteases) family participate in the production/secretion of sAPPalphas in LoVo cells. Transfection analysis allowed us to further establish that the pro-hormone convertase 7 and ADAM10 but not ADAM17 (TACE, tumour necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme) likely contribute to constitutive sAPPalpha secretion by LoVo cells.
The forward and inverse problems in time resolved infrared imaging (1993)

This paper introduces the general principles involved in inverse problems in medical imaging, and describes the main theoretical principles behind Time-resolved Optical Absorption and Scattering Tomography (TOAST). The problem is viewed as the optimisation of an error-norm derived from correlated statistics of the time-dependent photon intensity at the surface of an object. The field is compared with Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). A comparison of inverse methods are made and several regularisation schemes are described.
High rate, low-latency multi-touch sensing with simultaneous orthogonal multiplexing (2014)

We present "Fast Multi-Touch" (FMT), an extremely high frame rate and low-latency multi-touch sensor based on a novel projected capacitive architecture that employs simultaneous orthogonal signals. The sensor has a frame rate of 4000 Hz and a touch-to-data output latency of only 40 microseconds, providing unprecedented responsiveness. FMT is demonstrated with a high-speed DLP projector yielding a touch-to-light latency of 110 microseconds.
Risk and IT factors that contribute to competitive advantage and corporate performance (2009)

Existing research has established determinants of an IT-enabled strategy for competitive advantage which include IT Leadership, IT Skill, and IT Infrastructure (Sambamurthy 2000; Dehning and Stratopoulos 2003). Although research is emerging to demonstrate riskâs impact on competitive advantage, it still remains focused on mitigation and avoidance as its contribution (McGaughey et al. 1994). This study leverages and expands existing research in the area in three ways: first, it establishes higher-level constructs defined as Technical Leadership, Technical Skill, and Technical Infrastructure. Doing so affords us to have a more robust framework to accommodate additional technical capabilities and assets a firm possesses such as risk. Second, unique information to explain the individual impact of IT-centric and Risk-centric determinants on competitive advantage are uncovered. Third, the combined impact of risk determinants and IT determinants are analyzed and contrasted by creating interaction indices for both.
An asynchronous,low-power architecture for interleaved neural stimulation, using envelope and phase information (2007)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Fast Electromagnetic Analysis of MRI Transmit RF Coils Based on Accelerated Integral Equation Methods (2016)

A fast frequency domain full-wave electromagnetic simulation method is introduced for the analysis of MRI coils loaded with the realistic human body models. The approach is based on integral equation methods decomposed into two domains: 1) the RF coil array and shield, and 2) the human body region where the load is placed. The analysis of multiple coil designs is accelerated by introducing the precomputed magnetic resonance Green functions (MRGFs), which describe how the particular body model used responds to the incident fields from external sources. These MRGFs, which are precomputed once for a given body model, can be combined with any integral equation solver and reused for the analysis of many coil designs. This approach provides a fast, yet comprehensive, analysis of coil designs, including the port S-parameters and the electromagnetic field distribution within the inhomogeneous body. The method solves the full-wave electromagnetic problem for a head array in few minutes, achieving a speed up of over 150 folds with root mean square errors in the electromagnetic field maps smaller than 0.4% when compared to the unaccelerated integral equation-based solver. This enables the characterization of a large number of RF coil designs in a reasonable time, which is a first step toward an automatic optimization of multiple parameters in the design of transmit arrays, as illustrated in this paper, but also receive arrays.
From CFTR biology toward combinatorial pharmacotherapy: expanded classification of cystic fibrosis mutations (2016)

More than 2000 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been described that confer a range of molecular cell biological and functional phenotypes. Most of these mutations lead to compromised anion conductance at the apical plasma membrane of secretory epithelia and cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with variable disease severity. Based on the molecular phenotypic complexity of CFTR mutants and their susceptibility to pharmacotherapy, it has been recognized that mutations may impose combinatorial defects in CFTR channel biology. This notion led to the conclusion that the combination of pharmacotherapies addressing single defects (e.g., transcription, translation, folding, and/or gating) may show improved clinical benefit over available low-efficacy monotherapies. Indeed, recent phase 3 clinical trials combining ivacaftor (a gating potentiator) and lumacaftor (a folding corrector) have proven efficacious in CF patients harboring the most common mutation (deletion of residue F508, ΔF508, or Phe508del). This drug combination was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients homozygous for ΔF508. Emerging studies of the structural, cell biological, and functional defects caused by rare mutations provide a new framework that reveals a mixture of deficiencies in different CFTR alleles. Establishment of a set of combinatorial categories of the previously defined basic defects in CF alleles will aid the design of even more efficacious therapeutic interventions for CF patients.
Analysis of mobile measurement-based interference matrices in GSM networks (2002)

Frequency plans (FPs) based on mobile measurements present several advantages compared to those based on propagation predictions. These FPs use interference matrices (IMs) created from measurement reports (MMRs). MMRs, as described in the GSM specifications, present some limitations: quantization and truncation of measured values, only six strongest neighbours reported and BSIC (base station identity code) decoding procedure. In addition, different types of IMs, depending on the processing of the raw data, can be considered. In this paper, MMRs limitations and their impact on different types of IMs are analyzed. Simulations for macrocell and microcell scenarios have been carried out to reinforce the conclusions.
Data Field for Hierarchical Clustering (2011)

In this paper, data field is proposed to group data objects via simulating their mutual interactions and opposite movements for hierarchical clustering. Enlightened by the field in physical space, data field to simulate nuclear field is presented to illuminate the interaction between objects in data space. In the data field, the self-organized process of equipotential lines on many data objects discovers their hierarchical clustering-characteristics. During the clustering process, a random sample is first generated to optimize the impact factor. The masses of data objects are then estimated to select core data object with nonzero masses. Taking the core data objects as the initial clusters, the clusters are iteratively merged hierarchy by hierarchy with good performance. The results of a case study show that the data field is capable of hierarchical clustering on objects varying size, shape or granularity without user-specified parameters, as well as considering the object features inside the clusters and removing the outliers from noisy data. The comparisons illustrate that the data field clustering performs better than K-means, BIRCH, CURE, and CHAMELEON.
Anthocyanin metabolites in human urine and serum (2004)

In the present study we investigated the metabolic conversion of cyanidin glycosides in human subjects using solid-phase extraction,HPLC-diode array detector, MS, GC, and enzymic techniques. Volunteers consumed approximately 20 g chokeberry extract containing 1.3 g cyanidin 3-glycosides (899 mg cyanidin 3-galactoside, 321 mg cyanidin 3-arabinoside, 51 mg cyanidin 3-xyloside and 50 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside). Blood samples were drawn at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h post-consumption of the extract. Urine samples were also collected at 0, 4-5,and 22-24h. We have confirmed that human subjects have the capacity to metabolise cyanidin 3-glycosides, as we observed at least ten individual anthocyanin metabolites in the urine and serum. Average concentrations of anthocyanins and anthocyanin metabolites in the urine reached levels of 17.9 (range 14.9-20.9) l.mol/l within 5 h post-consumption and persisted in 24h urine samples at levels of 12.1 (range 11.1-13.0) nmol/l. In addition, average total levels of anthocyanins and anthocyanin metabolites detected in the serum were observed at 5917 (range 197.3-986.1) nmol/ within 2h post-consumption. Cyanidin 3-galactoside accounted for 55.4% (9.9(range 7-2-12-6) l.mol/) and 66.0% (390.6 (range 119.4-661-9) nmol V) of the detected anthocyanins in the urine and serum samples,respectively. The metabolites were identified as glucuronide conjugates, as well as methylated and oxidised derivatives of cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin glucuronide. Conjugation probably affects the biological activity of anthocyanins and these metabolic products are likely in part responsible for the reported health benefits associated with the consumption of anthocyanins.
Computational Aspects Of Determining Optical Flow (2005)

We study some computational aspects of determining optical flow. Necessary and sufficient con- ditions are investigated for the existence and uniqueness of the smoothing-spline from regularization. We discuss different boundary conditions: free, Neuman, and Dirich- let boundary conditions. We show that both free and Neuman boundary problems are ill-conditioned, and are not appropriate for optical flow computation. We discuss Dirichlet boundary problem in more details. As a com- mon practice in low-level vision, a continuous problem is formulated, and a discrete version of the problem is solved instead. We estimate the discretization errors, and com- pute the resulting discrete smoothing-splines. We study efficient iterative methods for solving the system of linear equations for the discrete smoothing-splines. We propose the Chebyshev method for the computation. The Cheby- shev method converges faster than the Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi methods, and is parallelizable.
Do “America's Best Hospitals” Perform Better for Acute Myocardial Infarction? (1999)

Admission to a hospital ranked high on the list of "America's Best Hospitals" was associated with lower 30-day mortality among elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. A substantial portion of the survival advantage may be associated with these hospitals' higher rates of use of aspirin and beta-blocker therapy.
Coeficientes de actividad de disoluciones acuosas de ZnSO4 por medidas de F.E.M. (1990)

espanolSe describe un sistema para obtener coeficientes de actividad de disoluciones acuosas de ZnSO4 por medidas de f.e.m. utilizando un montaje de pila doble. EnglishA simple system is described to obtain the activity coeficientes on ZnSO4 aqueous solutions from e.m.f. measurements, using a electrochemical double cell.
HyperDex (2012)

Distributed key-value stores are now a standard component of high-performance web services and cloud computing applications. While key-value stores offer significant performance and scalability advantages compared to traditional databases, they achieve these properties through a restricted API that limits object retrieval---an object can only be retrieved by the (primary and only) key under which it was inserted. This paper presents HyperDex, a novel distributed key-value store that provides a unique search primitive that enables queries on secondary attributes. The key insight behind HyperDex is the concept of hyperspace hashing in which objects with multiple attributes are mapped into a multidimensional hyperspace. This mapping leads to efficient implementations not only for retrieval by primary key, but also for partially-specified secondary attribute searches and range queries. A novel chaining protocol enables the system to achieve strong consistency, maintain availability and guarantee fault tolerance. An evaluation of the full system shows that HyperDex is 12-13x faster than Cassandra and MongoDB for finding partially specified objects. Additionally, HyperDex achieves 2-4x higher throughput for get / put operations.
Bayesian blind parafac receivers for DS-CDMA systems (2004)

In this paper an original Bayesian approach for blind detection for code division multiple access (CDMA) systems in presence of spatial diversity at the receiver is developed. In the noiseless context, the blind detection/identification problem relies on the canonical decomposition (also referred as parallel factor analysis [Sidiropoulos, IEEE SP'00], PARAFAC). The author in [Bro,INCINC'96] proposes a suboptimal solution in least-squares sense. However, poor performances are obtained in presence of high noise level. The recently emerged Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) signal processing method provides a novel paradigm for tackling this problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Thymidylate synthase mRNA level in adenocarcinoma of the stomach: a predictor for primary tumor response and overall survival. (1996)

The genetic expression of TS (TSmRNA level) influences response to 5FU-based chemotherapy and survival for a cohort of patients with primary gastric cancer. Confirmation of these data could lead to therapeutic decisions based on specific molecular properties within a tumor.
Tryptamine Metabolism in Depression (1965)

In a previous investigation we showed that large doses of DL-tryptophan (214 mg./kg. body weight) given to depressed patients receiving tranylcypromine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) potentiated the antidepressive effects of the drug (Coppen, Shaw and Farrell, 1963). This procedure increases the level of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) and tryptamine in the rat (Hess and Doepfner, 1961). Reserpine reduces the level of these amines in the brain, and it is known that patients being treated for hypertension with this drug often become depressed. Thus there is evidence that increasing certain brain amines may alleviate, and depleting brain amines may induce, a depressive illness. We therefore decided to study tryptophan metabolism in depressed patients. The pathways with which we were concerned are shown below.
A 1.2 μm CMOS implementation of a low-power 900-MHz mobile radio frequency synthesizer (2002)

A single-chip, low-power all CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer for digital mobile radio communication systems is presented. The design of PLL components: VCO, dual-modulus prescaler and phase-frequency detector are discussed. Novel circuit techniques and design methodology allow GHz frequency range operation, and result in good phase noise performance. The measured results of a monolithic 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS PLL implementation indicate a frequency range of 800 to 900 MHz with -94 dBc/Hz phase noise at a 1 MHz carrier offset, and a power consumption of 18 mW at 5 volts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>