gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are peripheral lymphatics damaged by high pressure manual massage? (1995)

Massage of the foot in men and the hindpaw in dogs was performed by applying external pressures of 70-100 mmHg for a period of one, three, five, and ten minutes with a frequency of 25 strokes per minute. This protocol was performed on individuals without edema, on dogs with experimental lymphedema and men with post-thrombotic venous edema. After ten minutes of forceful massage, focal damage of lymphatics was present. In a group of dogs with lymphedema and men with post-thrombotic venous edema, the alteration of lymphatics was greater than in normal individuals and evident only after 3 to 5 minutes of massage. At first, the forceful massage affected the endothelial lining of the initial lymphatics. Alterations of lymphatic collectors were visible later. The fluid in lymphedema was translocated by massage using high pressure from the interstitium into the lumen of lymphatics by means of the open junctions and by artificial cracks that develop from injury to the lymphatic wall. Vigorous massage in lymphedema also produces loosening of subcutaneous connective tissue, formation of large tissue channels and release of lipid droplets that enter the lymphatics. By this mechanism, massage helps reduce the amount of fat cells in the lymphedematous leg.
Behavioural Study of Piled Raft Foundation in Layered Deposits of Soft Soils (2013)

A piled raft foundation is a combination of a shallow foundation and a deep foundation with the best characteristics of each of its components. The piled raft foundation is a composite construction consisting of three bearing elements, piles, raft, and subsoil. Unlike the traditional design of foundation where the load is carried either by the raft or by the piles, in the design of a piled raft foundation the load share between the piles and the raft is taken into account. In this foundation, the piles usually are not required to ensure the overall stability of the foundation but to reduce the magnitude of settlements, differential settlements and the resulting tilting of the building and guarantee the satisfactory performance of the foundation system. The bearing behavior of a piled raft foundation is characterized by complex soil-structure interactions (Katzenbach, et al ., 1998). The modeling of these interactions requires a reliable and powerful analysis tool, such as the finite element (FE) method in combination with a realistic constitutive law. Different researches have been realized investigations about the numerical modeling of piled rafts with FE analysis and different constitutive models. The present research combines the 3D modeling with a modern and realistic constitutive model. An increasing number of structures, especially tall buildings are founded on piled rafts (O'Neil, et al ., 1996; Katzenbach, et al ., 2000; Poulos, 2001). For this reason, it is important to develop a methodology to study the bearing behavior of piled rafts. In this paper, different parameters of piled raft foundation such as diameter of the piles and thickness of rafts are discussed. It is incorporated with computational modeling of piled raft foundation.
Fabrication of pH-sensitive graphene oxide–drug supramolecular hydrogels as controlled release systems (2012)

A novel graphene oxide (GO)-based hydrogel with drug molecules as crosslinking agents was fabricated. Metformin hydrochloride (MFH), which has no aromatic groups, but only has N-containing functionalities, was chosen as a model drug. When a very small amount of MFH was introduced into a GO solution, a supramolecular assembled hydrogel was rapidly formed without any polymers or chemical additives. The gelation process can be influenced by the weight ratio of MFH to GO. The driving forces were hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. Both air-dried and freeze-dried samples of GO–MFH hydrogels were utilized for controlled drug release in water (pH = 7) and hydrochloric acid (pH = 1, 3 and 5). The release mechanism of capsulated MFH was Fickian diffusion according to the fitted results. Both the freeze-dried and air-dried samples released around 74% of the MFH in a strongly acidic medium after 70 h, but only 50% in a neutral solution. This pH-sensitivity makes it a potential candidate for the controlled release of drugs in the acidic environment of the stomach.
Mining activity clusters from low-level event logs (2006)

Abstract. Process mining techniques have proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing the execution of business processes. They rely on logs that identify events at an activity level, i.e., most process mining techniques assume that the information system explicitly supports the notion of activities/tasks. This is often not the case and only low-level events are being supported and logged. For example, users may provide different pieces of data which together constitute a single activity. The technique introduced in this paper uses clustering algorithms to derive activity logs from lower-level data modification logs, as produced by virtually every information system. This approach was implemented in the context of the ProM framework and its goal is to widen the scope of processes that can be analyzed using existing process mining techniques.
Antiviral Compounds. IX. Steroid Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiviral Compounds. IX. Steroid DerivativesG. Cavallini, E. Massarani, and D. NardiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 5, 673–675Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00335a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (355 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New preprocessing technique for digital facsimile transmission (1980)

A new preprocessing technique which removes unwanted notches and random noise generated by electronic scanners is presented. Using a 3 element by 3 element mask, the central picture element is altered from black to white, or vice versa, if the surrounding elements correspond to a predetermined pattern. A significant improvement in both subjective image quality and coding efficiency is observed.
Achievable rate degradation of ultra-wideband coherent fiber communication systems due to stimulated Raman scattering (2017)

As the bandwidths of optical communication systems are increased to maximize channel capacity, the impact of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on the achievable information rates (AIR) in ultra-wideband coherent WDM systems becomes significant, and is investigated in this work, for the first time. By modifying the GN-model to account for SRS, it is possible to derive a closed-form expression that predicts the optical signal-to-noise ratio of all channels at the receiver for bandwidths of up to 15 THz, which is in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. It is shown that, with fixed modulation and coding rate, SRS leads to a drop of approximately 40% in achievable information rates for bandwidths higher than 15 THz. However, if adaptive modulation and coding rates are applied across the entire spectrum, this AIR reduction can be limited to only 10%.
Production, optimization, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activities in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis wine (2017)

Wine has been considered as safe and healthy drink, besides an important adjunct to the diet. The present work was carried out to develop process methodology for the production of Herbal wine from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The prepared Hibiscus based herbal wines were evaluated for their effect against common food borne pathogens. Hibiscus petals extract supplemented with sugar proved to be a good medium for the growth of different Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for making the Hibiscus wine. The wine was found to be similar to any other wine in terms of its composition and sensory quantities. The wine exhibited bactericidal activity against common food borne pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, E. coli). Effect of different yeast strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, viz. MTCC 178, MTCC 180, MTCC 786 Strains on the enological and sensory characteristics of Hibiscus wines was determined. Different yeast strains influenced the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines produced to a variable extent. The higher rate of fermentation was shown by MTCC 178, compared to MTCC 180 and MTCC 786. Out of various strains, MTCC 178 gave the highest efficiency along with higher ethanol yield. The MTCC 786 strain produced lowest ethanol in wine. The wine made with MTCC 178 had higher titratable acidity. TSS, acidity, pH, total sugar, ethanol and colour did not contribute to separation of yeasts. Sensory evaluation scores of different wines revealed that the must fermented with the yeast strain MTCC 178 had higher scores for colour, taste, flavour, consistency and overall acceptability. Antioxidant potential of different yeast strain wine was evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by estimation of total phenolic & tannins contents, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP assey. amongest the three yeast strains screened for alcoholic fermentation of reconstituted Hibiscus petals extract, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 178 was found most potent strain. The optimal alcoholic fermentation of reconstituted Hibiscus extract by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 178 was recorded at 250c, initial pH of must 5.0 and total soluble solid 240 brix with an inoculam level of 10% (v/v). wine is very important along with other vinification practices as it influenced the chemical and sensorial quality of wine.
An enzyme–detergent method for effective prion decontamination of surgical steel (2005)

Prions, transmissible agents that cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and other prion diseases, are known to resist conventional sterilization procedures. Iatrogenic transmission of classical CJD via neurosurgical instruments is well documented and the involvement of lymphoreticular tissues in variant CJD (vCJD), together with the unknown population prevalence of asymptomatic vCJD infection, has led to concerns about transmission from a wide range of surgical procedures. To address this problem, conditions were sought that destroy PrP(Sc) from vCJD-infected human tissue and eradicate RML prion infectivity adsorbed onto surgical steel. Seven proteolytic enzymes were evaluated individually and in pairs at a range of temperatures and pH values and the additional effects of detergents, lipases and metal ions were assessed. A combination of proteinase K and Pronase, in conjunction with SDS, was shown to degrade PrP(Sc) material from highly concentrated vCJD-infected brain preparations to a level below detection. When RML prion-infected wires were exposed to the same enzymic treatment, intracerebral bioassay in highly susceptible hosts showed virtually no infectivity. The prion-degrading reagents identified in this study are readily available, inexpensive, non-corrosive to instruments, non-hazardous to staff and compatible with current equipment and procedures used in hospital sterilization units.
Graph@FIT Submission to the NVIDIA AI City Challenge 2018 (2018)

In our submission to the NVIDIA AI City Challenge, we address speed measurement of vehicles and vehicle re-identification. For both these tasks, we use a calibration method based on extracted vanishing points. We detect and track vehicles by a CNN-based detector and we construct 3D bounding boxes for all vehicles. For the speed measurement task, we estimate the speed from the movement of the bounding box in the 3D space using the calibration. Our approach to vehicle re-identification is based on extraction of visual features from "unpacked" images of the vehicles. The features are aggregated in temporal domain to obtain a single feature descriptor for the whole track. Furthermore, we utilize a validation network to improve the re-identification accuracy.
Understanding Bioinformatics (2007)

Suitable for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates, Understanding Bioinformatics provides a definitive guide to this vibrant and evolving discipline. The book takes a conceptual approach. It guides the reader from first principles through to an understanding of the computational techniques and the key algorithms. Understanding Bioinformatics is an invaluable companion for students from their first encounter with the subject through to more advanced studies.  The book is divided into seven parts, with the opening part introducing the basics of nucleic acids, proteins and databases. Subsequent parts are divided into 'Applications' and 'Theory' Chapters, allowing readers to focus their attention effectively.  In each section, the Applications Chapter provides a fast and straightforward route to understanding the main concepts and 'getting started'. Each of these is then followed by Theory Chapters which give greater detail and present the underlying mathematics. In Part 2, Sequence Alignments, the Applications Chapter shows the reader how to get started on producing and analyzing sequence alignments, and using sequences for database searching, while the next two chapters look closely at the more advanced techniques and the mathematical algorithms involved. Part 3 covers evolutionary processes and shows how bioinformatics can be used to help build phylogenetic trees. Part 4 looks at the characteristics of whole genomes. In Parts 5 and 6 the focus turns to secondary and tertiary structure – predicting structural conformation and analysing structure-function relationships. The last part surveys methods of analyzing data from a set of genes or proteins of an organism and is rounded off with an overview of systems biology.
Femtosecond Broadband Stimulated Raman: A New Approach for High-Performance Vibrational Spectroscopy (2003)

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a new technique that produces high-quality vibrational spectra free from background fluorescence. FSRS combines a narrow-bandwidth picosecond Raman pump pulse with an approximately 80 fs continuum probe pulse to produce stimulated Raman spectra from the pump-induced gain in the probe spectrum. The high intensity of the Raman pump combined with the broad bandwidth of the probe produces high signal-to-noise vibrational spectra with very short data acquisition times. FSRS spectra of standard solutions and solvents such as aqueous Na2SO4, aqueous KNO3, methanol, isopropanol, and cyclohexane are collected in seconds. Furthermore, stimulated Raman spectra can be obtained using just a single pump-probe pulse pair that illuminates the sample for only approximately 1 ps. Fluorescence rejection is demonstrated by collecting FSRS spectra of dyes (rhodamine 6G, chlorophyll a, and DTTCI) with varying degrees of fluorescence background and resonance enhancement. The high signal-to-noise, short data acquisition time, fluorescence rejection, and high spectral and temporal resolution of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy make it a valuable new vibrational spectroscopic technique.
ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATIONS OF <i>QUERCUS</i> LACTONES, (3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)- AND (3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-3-METHYL-4-OCTANOLIDE, FROM OAK WOOD AND CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MONO-CYCLIC γ-LACTONES (1981)

Abstract Absolute configurations of Quercus lactones were investigated by studying paramagnetic shifts of PMR spectra and the chemical correlation with 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid of known configuration. Chiroptical properties of several mono-cyclic γ-lactones were also studied.
Low-Sulfur Coal Obtained by Chemical Desulfurization Followed by Liquefaction (1976)

Abstract Coal combustion is the largest single source of sulfur oxide air pollution. Two major technologies for the desulfurization of coal prior to combustion, coal liquefaction and the Meyers Process, have been experimentally evaluated. While each process is individually capable of reducing a portion of U.S. coal reserves to an environmentally acceptable sulfur content, neither can meet all U.S. needs. An advantageous combination of the two processes is described which could eliminate a major technical hurdle in the application of liquefaction technology and thus expand the portion of U.S. coal which can be converted to an acceptably low-sulfur fuel. Information regarding the fate of sulfur forms during liquefaction is also presented.
Expert systems - a real tool for planning (1988)

In 1983 Houston Lighting and Power Company began an effort to make all maintenance activities a their operating plants more productive and cost-effective. The need for this effort was recognized internally, and actions were taken to implement a program that would maximize the effectiveness of the people and other resources needed for maintenance activities. A Texas Public Utility Commission audit in 1984 also addressed the need and value of such an effort. The Maintenance Management Control System is now operational and is being introduced in a phased manner to the plants in the system. This paper briefly discusses all aspects of the maintenance-management control system and ultimately focuses on the expert system being used for maintenance scheduling.
The oral iron chelator deferasirox represses signaling through the mTOR in myeloid leukemia cells by enhancing expression of REDD1 (2009)

To evaluate the effect of deferasirox in human myeloid leukemia cells, and to identify the molecular pathways responsible for antiproliferative effects on leukemia cells during chelation therapy, we performed gene expression profiling to focus on the pathway involved in the anticancer effect of deferasirox. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of deferasirox was 17-50 microM in three human myeloid cell lines (K562, U937, and HL60), while those in fresh leukemia cells obtained from four patients it varied from 88 to 172 microM. Gene expression profiling using Affymerix GeneChips (U133 Plus 2.0) revealed up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) encoding p21CIP, genes regulating interferon (i.e. IFIT1). Pathways related to iron metabolism and hypoxia such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and Regulated in development and DNA damage response (REDD1) were also prominent. Based on the results obtained from gene expression profiling, we particularly focused on the REDD1/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway in deferasirox-treated K562 cells, and found an enhanced expression of REDD1 and its down-stream protein, tuberin (TSC2). Notably, S6 ribosomal protein as well as phosphorylated S6, which is known to be a target of mTOR, was significantly repressed in deferasirox-treated K562 cells, and REDD1 small interfering RNA restored phosphorylation of S6. Although iron chelation may affect multiple signaling pathways related to cell survival, our data support the conclusion that REDD1 functions up-stream of tuberin to down-regulate the mTOR pathway in response to deferasirox. Deferasirox might not only have benefit for iron chelation but also may be an antiproliferative agent in some myeloid leukemias, especially patients who need both iron chelation and reduction of leukemia cells.
Convergent Evolution of Escape from Hepaciviral Antagonism in Primates (2012)

The ability to mount an interferon response on sensing viral infection is a critical component of mammalian innate immunity. Several viruses directly antagonize viral sensing pathways to block activation of the host immune response. Here, we show that recurrent viral antagonism has shaped the evolution of the host protein MAVS--a crucial component of the viral-sensing pathway in primates. From sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of MAVS from 21 simian primates, we found that MAVS has evolved under strong positive selection. We focused on how this positive selection has shaped MAVS' susceptibility to Hepatitis C virus (HCV). We functionally tested MAVS proteins from diverse primate species for their ability to resist antagonism by HCV, which uses its protease NS3/4A to cleave human MAVS. We found that MAVS from multiple primates are resistant to inhibition by the HCV protease. This resistance maps to single changes within the protease cleavage site in MAVS, which protect MAVS from getting cleaved by the HCV protease. Remarkably, most of these changes have been independently acquired at a single residue 506 that evolved under positive selection. We show that "escape" mutations lower affinity of the NS3 protease for MAVS and allow it to better restrict HCV replication. We further show that NS3 proteases from all other primate hepaciviruses, including the highly divergent GBV-A and GBV-C viruses, are functionally similar to HCV. We conclude that convergent evolution at residue 506 in multiple primates has resulted in escape from antagonism by hepaciviruses. Our study provides a model whereby insights into the ancient history of viral infections in primates can be gained using extant host and virus genes. Our analyses also provide a means by which primates might clear infections by extant hepaciviruses like HCV.
Electronic initiation and optimization of nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking in a fiber laser (2017)

We describe a system for automated modelocking and optimization of a fiber laser oscillator employing nonlinear polarization evolution. Using four liquid crystal variable retarders, we fully control the fiber launch and output polarization states, enabling compensation for mechanical and environmental perturbations to the fiber cavity. We demonstrate mapping of the modelocking regions for an ANDi fiber oscillator and demonstrate that local and global optimization algorithms can be used to maintain the laser in the same operating state. This technique enables robust operation of nonlinear polarization evolution modelocked fiber lasers, rivaling the stability of PM fiber lasers while maintaining the advantages of the NPE modelocking mechanism.
Noise, edge overcoating, and edge buildup phenomena associated with gas wiping in continuous hot dip galvanising and role of edge baffles (2001)

High noise levels and edge overcoating problems have been encountered in the gas wiping of hot dip galvanised layers on steel strip in a continuous line. These have been examined and analysed. Noise levels were decreased by up to 10 dBA by using edge baffles to reduce direct collision of wiping air jets. Average overcoating of zinc in the zone within 50 mm of the strip edge could be decreased by 50% or more during air wiping by using edge baffles with a baffle to strip distance of 20 mm or less. The extent of edge overcoating has been related to the edge drop of the gauge of the substrate. If the combined profile of the edge overcoating and the edge drop of the substrate exhibited a noticeable high spot of about 10 μm in the edge zone, edge buildup formed along the high spot, mostly in the edge area 10–30 mm from the edge. Edge baffles have effectively reduced this type of edge buildup.