gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations to Assess the Monitoring Zone Achieved during Low‐Flow Purging and Sampling (2006)

Abstract A detailed three‐dimensional numerical simulation of ground water flow into the screen of a monitoring well during “low‐flow” purging and sampling provides a means to investigate the actual monitoring zone (i.e., “where the water comes from”) achieved during these sampling operations. Such a simulation allows for examination of the influence of several variables such as pump placement, well screen and sand‐pack configuration, and aquifer heterogeneities on the actual part of the aquifer that is interrogated. In these simulations, ground water was sampled from the entire length of the well screen, although as could be expected, flux was higher into the well screen from zones of higher permeability, if present. Furthermore, at low flow rates, pump position within the screen had little influence on the vertical distribution of flux into the well, and in all cases where a monitoring well partially penetrates an aquifer, the zone monitored extended above and below the well screen. At the low flow rates examined (250 and 500 mL/min), there was no increase in flux (from the aquifer into the well screen) adjacent to the pump intake. The major implications of these findings are that a detection monitoring approach predicated on sampling from the entire well screen is valid when purging at low flow rates (i.e., contaminants are not “missed”), or conversely, that discrete vertical sampling may only be accomplished with very short well screens due to potential concentration averaging that would occur along the entire length of a screen. Finally, the simulation results emphasize that aquifer heterogeneities must always be recognized and considered in ground water monitoring design. Aquifer heterogeneities have the most significant influence on the actual monitoring zone (and therefore the potential to “hit” or “miss” contaminants in a detection program). Pump placement and purging rate have little influence on the vertical interval that is sampled (as compared to screen length and placement) and therefore should be selected only so as to minimize sampling artifacts and promote sampling efficiency.
Catalytic site of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase from bovine brain resides in subunit A. (1984)

The calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase from bovine brain is composed of two subunits: subunit A, Mr 60,000, and subunit B, Mr 16,500. Using in vitro immunization techniques, we have produced a monoclonal antibody specific for the phosphatase. The antibody was immobilized to Sepharose 4B to prepare an immunoabsorbent column, which was used to purify the enzyme. Phosphatase isolated from the column showed a polypeptide with Mr 60,000, equivalent to subunit A, which showed calmodulin-dependent phosphatase activity. Subunit B was not obtained from the column. Limited trypsin digestion stimulated phosphatase activity, yielding polypeptides of Mr 59,000, 43,000, and 16,000; the phosphatase activity after trypsin digestion was calmodulin independent. Chromatography of trypsin-treated phosphatase on an immunoaffinity column yielded two proteins, Mr 59,000 and 43,000, that were catalytically active and calmodulin independent. In a separate experiment, the two subunits of the phosphatase were separated by gel filtration in 6 M urea. Subunit A isolated from the filtration column showed little or no activity in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, but it showed calmodulin-dependent phosphatase activity in the presence of 0.8 mM Mn2+. Subunit B was catalytically inactive. Collectively, these results indicate that subunit A and its proteolytic fragment contain the catalytic site and the antigenic determinant for the monoclonal antibody.
On Adaptive Control With Closed-Loop Reference Models: Transients, Oscillations, and Peaking (2013)

One of the main features of adaptive systems is an oscillatory convergence that exacerbates with the speed of adaptation. Recently, it has been shown that closed-loop reference models (CRMs) can result in improved transient performance over their open-loop counterparts in model reference adaptive control. In this paper, we quantify both the transient performance in the classical adaptive systems and their improvement with CRMs. In addition to deriving bounds on L-2 norms of the derivatives of the adaptive parameters that are shown to be smaller, an optimal design of CRMs is proposed that minimizes an underlying peaking phenomenon. The analytical tools proposed are shown to be applicable for a range of adaptive control problems including direct control and composite control with observer feedback. The presence of CRMs in adaptive backstepping and adaptive robot control is also discussed. Simulation results are presented throughout this paper to support the theoretical derivations.
Use of Saturable Inductor to Improve the Dimming Characteristics of Frequency-Controlled Dimmable Electronic Ballasts (2004)

This work presents an investigation into the use of saturable inductor to improve the dimming characteristics of frequency-controlled dimmable electronic ballasts with a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter. The concept is based on the fact that the effective resonant frequency increases as the inductor current increases, if the unsaturable inductor in the resonant tank circuit is replaced with a saturable one. Susceptibility of the lamp power to the switching frequency variation at low luminous level can be reduced. This can lessen the problem of lamp flickers at dimmed level and result in a wider dimming range and improved controllability. The method gives a simple solution of improving the dimming characteristics without changing the circuit structure. A fundamental frequency model that includes the characteristics of the nonlinear lamp resistance and filament resistance is applied in the analysis. A PSIM simulation model for the saturable inductor is developed. Theoretical predictions are verified with the experimental results of a 36-W T8 prototype.
Differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastasis from cysts and hemangiomas with calculated T2 relaxation times and the T1/T2 relaxation times ratio (2006)

Although there is high sensitivity and specificity associated with the use of T2 relaxation times alone to discriminate carcinoma/metastases from hemangiomas/cysts, using the T1/T2 relaxation times ratio threshold of 5.8 allowed proper classification of all lesions.
Impact on patient care. 2652 PIC catheter days in the alternative setting. (1991)

Management of parenteral therapies in the home or nonacute setting is essential. Peripherally inserted long-line catheters establish venous access in patients in a safe, cost-effective, and improved manner. Data were collected on 130 cases from 24 offices in 16 states. The most frequently occurring types of therapies used were antibiotic, pain control, and parenteral nutrition. Average length of therapy was 20.4 days. The major reasons for catheter removal other than completion of therapy (58%) were occlusion (14%), breakage (5%), and phlebitis (4%).
Automatic analysis of dividing cells in live cell movies to detect mitotic delays and correlate phenotypes in time (2009)

Live-cell imaging allows detailed dynamic cellular phenotyping for cell biology and, in combination with small molecule or drug libraries, for high-content screening. Fully automated analysis of live cell movies has been hampered by the lack of computational approaches that allow tracking and recognition of individual cell fates over time in a precise manner. Here, we present a fully automated approach to analyze time-lapse movies of dividing cells. Our method dynamically categorizes cells into seven phases of the cell cycle and five aberrant morphological phenotypes over time. It reliably tracks cells and their progeny and can thus measure the length of mitotic phases and detect cause and effect if mitosis goes awry. We applied our computational scheme to annotate mitotic phenotypes induced by RNAi gene knockdown of CKAP5 (also known as ch-TOG) or by treatment with the drug nocodazole. Our approach can be readily applied to comparable assays aiming at uncovering the dynamic cause of cell division phenotypes.
Influence of allyl ethers in coating resins (1991)

Abstract The effects of allyl ethers in coating resins have been studied in relations to different systems. The details that have been investigated are: the reactions between allyl ethers‐styrene‐cobalt salt in air, the influence of cobalt salt on oxidized allyl ethers, and the interaction between allyl ethers and maleic esters with respect to copolymerization. The curing rates of allyl functional oligomers as coatings have also been studied. The results are summarized together with the results from a previous article by the same authors to give an overall view of the curing mechanism in allyl ether functional unsaturated polyester resins dissolved in styrene.
Influence of the test duration in Posturography performed by healthy adults, THA and TKA patients (2011)

The balance control after total hip and knee arthroplasty could be evaluated by means of Orthostatic Posturography. Unfortunately, there is a lack of standardization concerning the test protocol adopted for elderly subjects and arthroplasty patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of test duration on the posturographic parameters. Two 120 seconds long trials were performed by 220 subjects (47 healthy subjects; 74 total hip and 99 total knee arthroplasty patients), with eyes open and closed, respectively. The test were executed before surgery, and 6 and 12 months after surgery. The statokinesigram was subdivided into eight non-overlapping time windows (15 seconds each), calculating for each window: mean velocity; root-mean-square amplitude of the centre of pressure (resultant, antero-posterior and medio-lateral components); sway area; band of frequencies accounting for 95% of the power (antero-posterior and medio-lateral components). Results in the eyes closed test in healthy subjects and hip arthroplasty patients were significantly higher in the first time window (between 120% and 400% of the value over the whole record). One 60 seconds long test is sufficient to provide a reliable evaluation of balance control in healthy elderly subjects and total hip or knee replacement patients. The higher results obtained in the first 15 seconds suggest that this time window should be excluded from the analysis, to avoid bias due to delayed stabilization.
Assessing the Dependability of SOAP RPC-Based Web Services by Fault Injection (2004)

This paper presents our research on devising a dependability assessment method for SOAP-based Web Services using network level fault injection. We compare existing DCE middleware dependability testing research with the requirements of testing SOAP RPC-based applications and derive a new method and fault model for testing web services. From this we have implemented an extendable fault injector framework and undertaken some proof of concept experiments with a system based around Apache SOAP and Apache Tomcat. We also present results from our initial experiments, which uncovered a discrepancy within our system. We finally detail future research, including plans to adapt this fault injector framework from the stateless environment of a standard web service to the stateful environment of an OGSA service.
Effect of Machine Learning on Dispatcher Recognition of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During Calls to Emergency Medical Services (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04219306.
Oxidative Charge Transfer To Repair Thymine Dimers and Damage Guanine Bases in DNA Assemblies Containing Tethered Metallointercalators (1998)

Potent oxidants which intercalate in DNA serve as tools to probe DNA-mediated electron-transfer reactions. A photoexcited rhodium intercalator, Rh(phi)2DMB3+ (phi = 9,10-phenanthrenequinone diimine and DMB = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), tethered to DNA, promotes both oxidative damage to 5'-GG-3' doublets in DNA and the repair of thymine dimers from a remote site on the DNA duplex. DNA-mediated repair of a thymine dimer lesion by charge transfer from the tethered rhodium intercalator is quantitative, albeit with low photoefficiency, occurs in an intraduplex reaction over long range (36 A), and requires that the intervening bases be paired. When both oxidative reactions, repair and oxidative damage, are monitored on the same duplex, competition is evident; the presence of both a 5'-GG-3' site and the thymine dimer diminished the dimer repair efficiency by 20-40% and decreased damage at the 5'-GG-3' sites 2-fold compared to similar sequences lacking either the guanine doublet or thymine dimer, respectively. In addition to damage at the 5'-G of 5'-GG-3' sites, we also observe oxidation at the 3'-G of the 5'-GT<>TG-3' tetrad only in the presence of thymine dimer. Overall, the yield of repaired thymine strand was at least 10 times higher than the yield of oxidized guanine in the same sequences. While the 5-GG-3' may represent the thermodynamically favored site for oxidative reaction, repair of the thymine dimer appears to be kinetically more favorable. Dipyridophenanzine (dppz) complexes of ruthenium(III), less potent oxidants which intercalate in DNA, oxidize 5'-GG-3' doublets efficiently but cannot trigger the repair of the thymine dimer lesion. Oxidative damage to DNA from a distance, mediated by the DNA base pair stack, can, however, be utilized to probe the disruption in the base stack generated by the thymine dimer. The presence of the dimer does not diminish oxidation by a Ru(III) intercalator at a distal guanine doublet, suggesting that the disruption caused by the dimer does not block charge transfer through the DNA duplex. DNA-mediated electron-transfer reactions of metallointercalators therefore serve to illustrate important aspects of radical migration and its consequence with respect to reactions at a distance through the DNA base pair stack.
Indole alkaloid biosynthesis. IV (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndole alkaloid biosynthesis. IVJames P. Kutney, Vern R. Nelson, and Donald C. WigfieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 15, 4279–4280Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01043a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01043a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ataxin-1 Poly(Q)-induced Proteotoxic Stress and Apoptosis Are Attenuated in Neural Cells by Docosahexaenoic Acid-derived Neuroprotectin D1 (2012)

Neurodegenerative diseases share two common features: enhanced oxidative stress and cellular inability to scavenge structurally damaged abnormal proteins. Pathogenesis of polyglutamine (poly(Q)) diseases involves increased protein misfolding, along with ubiquitin and chaperon protein-containing nuclear aggregates. In spinocerebellar ataxia, the brain and retina undergo degeneration. Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is made on-demand in the nervous system and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in response to oxidative stress, which activates prosurvival signaling via regulation of gene expression and other processes. We hypothesized that protein misfolding-induced proteotoxic stress triggers NPD1 synthesis. We used ARPE-19 cells as a cellular model to assess stress due to ataxin-1 82Q protein expression and determine whether NPD1 prevents apoptosis. Ectopic ataxin-1 expression induced RPE cell apoptosis, which was abrogated by 100 nm docosahexaenoic acid, 10 ng/ml pigment epithelium-derived factor, or NPD1. Similarly, NPD1 was protective in neurons and primary human RPE cells. Furthermore, when ataxin-1 82Q was expressed in 15-lipoxygenase-1-deficient cells, apoptosis was greatly enhanced, and only NPD1 (50 nm) rescued cells from death. NPD1 reduced misfolded ataxin-1-induced accumulation of proapoptotic Bax in the cytoplasm, suggesting that NPD1 acts by preventing proapoptotic signaling pathways from occurring. Finally, NPD1 signaling interfered with ataxin-1/capicua repression of gene expression and decreased phosphorylated ataxin-1 in an Akt-independent manner, suggesting that NPD1 signaling modulates formation or stabilization of ataxin-1 complexes. These data suggest that 1) NPD1 synthesis is an early response induced by proteotoxic stress due to abnormally folded ataxin-1, and 2) NPD1 promotes cell survival through modulating stabilization of ataxin-1 functional complexes and pro-/antiapoptotic and inflammatory pathways.
Schizophrenic psychoses and the CNTF null mutation (1998)

Genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the development of schizophrenic psychoses, and the neural maldevelopment hypothesis is suggested by neuropathological and neuroimaging findings. We investigated the association between a null mutation in the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene and functional psychoses including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The frequency of mutant allele was significantly increased in patients with schizoaffective disorder, but not in those with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. The CNTF null mutation resulting in CNTF deficiency may confer potential susceptibility to schizoaffective disorder.
Optimal decentralized control in the random access multipacket channel (1989)

A decentralized control algorithm is sought that maximizes the stability region of the infinite-user slotted multipacket channel and is easily implementable. To this end, the perfect state information case in which the stations can use the instantaneous value of the backlog to compute the retransmission probability is studied first. The vest throughput possible for a decentralized control protocol is obtained, as well as an algorithm that achieves it. These results are then applied to derive a control scheme when the backlog is unknown, which is the case of practical relevance. This scheme, based on a binary feedback, is shown to be optimal, given some restrictions on the channel multipacket reception capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Among 17 inducers of differentiation only sodium butyrate causes a permanent down‐regulation of <i>c‐myc</i> in Burkitt's lymphoma (1995)

De-regulation of c-myc by chromosomal translocation is one crucial step for the development of Burkitt's lymphoma. The de-regulation is caused through juxtaposition of c-myc with one of the 3 immunoglobulin loci. We have reported earlier that treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma cells with n-butyrate causes transcriptional down-regulation of c-myc expression. Because of the possible therapeutic implication of this result, we looked for other compounds which, on the one hand, might be applicable in vivo and, on the other hand, might cause down-regulation of c-myc expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Since n-butyrate is known to induce differentiation, we have examined other differentiation inducers of different chemical nature for their ability to reduce c-myc expression in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Many of the substances tested caused down-regulation of c-myc expression, which, however, was transient except for n-butyrate. Three types of compounds proved to be particularly active: polar planar compounds (e.g., dimethylsulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (e.g., hypoxanthine), and short-chain fatty acids (e.g., n-butyric acid). The action of n-butyrate on c-myc suppression was exceptional not only in not being transient, but also in being allele-specific: it down-regulated the translocated allele without affecting the normal one. Medium transfer experiments revealed that neither degradation of the active compound nor an intracellular resistance mechanism can fully account for the reversibility of c-myc down-regulation after treatment with the transiently acting polar planar compounds.
Effect of Additives on Lithium Cycling Efficiency (1994)

Lithium cycling efficiency was evaluated for mixed‐solvent electrolyte with several additives: tetraalkylammonium chlorides with a long n‐alkyl chain and three methyl groups. The ammonium chlorides with n‐alkyl group longer than increased lithium cycling efficiency. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) produced the best improvement in lithium cycling efficiency. A figure of merit (FOM) of lithium for 0.01M CTAC was 46, which was 1.5 times the FOM for the corresponding additive‐free electrolyte. The with CTAC showed an increase in FOM with stack pressure, but the effect was less than that for the additive‐free . Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the addition of CTAC decreased the needle‐like lithium deposition and increased particulate lithium deposition. This deposition morphology may be the main cause of the increase in FOM. The additive had no effect on rate capability for cell cycling at 3 mA/cm2discharge and 1 mA/cm2 charge.
Concise Review: Cardiac Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Genetic cardiac diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Although animal models have been created to provide some useful insights into the pathogenesis of genetic cardiac diseases, the significant species differences and the lack of genetic information for complex genetic diseases markedly attenuate the application values of such data. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient-specific specimens and subsequent derivation of cardiomyocytes offer novel avenues to study the mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases, to identify new causative genes, and to provide insights into the disease aetiology. In recent years, the list of human iPSC-based models for genetic cardiac diseases has been expanding rapidly, although there are still remaining concerns on the level of functionality of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ability to be used for modeling complex cardiac diseases in adults. This review focuses on the development of cardiomyocyte induction from pluripotent stem cells, the recent progress in heart disease modeling using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and the challenges associated with understanding complex genetic diseases. To address these issues, we examine the similarity between iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and their ex vivo counterparts and how this relates to the method used to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells into a cardiomyocyte phenotype. We progress to examine categories of congenital cardiac abnormalities that are suitable for iPSC-based disease modeling.