gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Energy Storage System for Smart Grids (2016)

This paper forms a Virtual Energy Storage System (VESS) and validates that VESS is a cost-effective way to provide the function of energy storage through the utilization of the present network assets represented by flexible demand. As a solution to convert to low carbon cities, a VESS is firstly modelled to store and release energy in response to regulation signals by coordinating the demand response (DR) from domestic refrigerators in London and the conventional flywheel energy storage systems (FESS). The coordination of DR and FESS mitigates the uncertainties of DR and reduces the capacity of costly FESS. The VESS is applied to provide ancillary services to the power system and contributes to the reduction of carbon emission through the replacement of spinning reserve capacity of fossil fuel generators. Case studies were carried out to validate and quantify the capability of the VESS to vary the stored energy in response to grid frequency. Economic benefits of using VESS for frequency response services were firstly estimated and a potential saving of £91m-£103m is expected.
Procoagulant factors and the risk of myocardial infarction in young women (2006)

Non-O blood group, high VWF, factor VIII and factor IX levels are associated with an increased risk of MI in young women, while high factor XI levels are not.
Importin β Negatively Regulates Nuclear Membrane Fusion and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly (2003)

Assembly of a eukaryotic nucleus involves three distinct events: membrane recruitment, fusion to form a double nuclear membrane, and nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly. We report that importin beta negatively regulates two of these events, membrane fusion and NPC assembly. When excess importin beta is added to a full Xenopus nuclear reconstitution reaction, vesicles are recruited to chromatin but their fusion is blocked. The importin beta down-regulation of membrane fusion is Ran-GTP reversible. Indeed, excess RanGTP (RanQ69L) alone stimulates excessive membrane fusion, leading to intranuclear membrane tubules and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae-like structures. We propose that a precise balance of importin beta to Ran is required to create a correct double nuclear membrane and simultaneously to repress undesirable fusion events. Interestingly, truncated importin beta 45-462 allows membrane fusion but produces nuclei lacking any NPCs. This reveals distinct importin beta-regulation of NPC assembly. Excess full-length importin beta and beta 45-462 act similarly when added to prefused nuclear intermediates, i.e., both block NPC assembly. The importin beta NPC block, which maps downstream of GTPgammaS and BAPTA-sensitive steps in NPC assembly, is reversible by cytosol. Remarkably, it is not reversible by 25 microM RanGTP, a concentration that easily reverses fusion inhibition. This report, using a full reconstitution system and natural chromatin substrates, significantly expands the repertoire of importin beta. Its roles now encompass negative regulation of two of the major events of nuclear assembly: membrane fusion and NPC assembly.
A real-time implementation of an acoustic novelty detector on the BeagleBoard-xM (2014)

Novelty detection consists in recognising events that deviate from normality. This paper presents the implementation of a real-time statistical novelty detector on the BeagleBoard-xM. The application processes an incoming audio signal, extracts Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients and determines whether a novelty sound is present or not based on a statistical model of normality. The novelty detector has been implemented as a standalone graphical application capable of running in real-time on the BeagleBoard-xM platform. Experiments have been conducted to assess the performance of the solution in terms of both detection performance and of real-time capabilities. The results demonstrate that the system is able to operate in real-time on the BeagleBoard-xM with a real-time factor equal to 8.10%, and an F-Measure equal to 77.41%.
Extended theory of selective photothermolysis (2001)

Background and Objective We present a new theory of selective thermal damage of non-uniformly pigmented structures in biological tissues. Spatial separation of the heavily pigmented areas and the target requires limitation of the pigment temperature and heat diffusion from the pigmented to the targeted areas. Study Design/Materials and Methods A concept of selective target damage by heat diffusion is presented for three target geometries: planar, cylindrical, and spherical. An in vitro experiment is described in which the dependence of thermal damage on pulsewidth at constant fluence was evaluated. Results The in vitro experiment showed that the size of the damage zone for similar hair follicles was pulsewidth-independent over a very broad range of pulsewidths (30–400 ms). We formulated a new theory (extended theory of photothermolysis) to interpret the experimental results. Conclusions Based on this new theory, the treatment pulsewidth for non-uniformly pigmented targets is significantly longer than the target thermal relaxation time (TRT). The theory provides new recommendations for photoepilation and photosclerotherapy parameters. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:416–432, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Treatment of SW620 cells with Tomudex and oxaliplatin induces changes in 2-deoxy-D-glucose incorporation associated with modifications in glucose transport. (2000)

Changes in uptake of DG by SW620 colonic tumor cells responding to therapy is specific to the drug type. Modulation of glucose transport was associated with changes in 3H-DG uptake.
Imaging of dynamic heterogeneities in multiple-scattering media (1997)

A new method of visualizing objects with distinct internal dynamics of the constituent scattering particles embedded in a liquid multiple-scattering medium is presented. We report dynamic multiple-light-scattering experiments and a theoretical model, based on diffusing photon-density waves for concentrated colloidal suspensions in Brownian motion, as a background medium into which is inserted a capillary containing (i) the same suspension under flow, or (ii) suspensions of different particle sizes in Brownian motion. These model objects, with purely dynamic but no static scattering contrast, can be visualized by space-resolved measurements of the time autocorrelation function g2(τ) of the scattered light intensity at the sample surface. Maximum contrast occurs at a parameter-dependent finite correlation time τ. The physical origin of this effect is outlined. Our data are in excellent quantitative agreement with the model, with no adjustable parameter.
Enzymatic Oxidation of 1,4- and 1,8-Cineole using Plant Cultured Cells of Catharanthus Roseus (2004)

Oxidases present in plant cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus can hydroxylate saturated centers of natural products without double bond activation. When starting materials were 1,8- or 1,4-cineole, secondary and tertiary alcohols were produced and identified using NMR and mass spectroscopy. Our results indicate that hydroxylation position and stereochemistry are determined by the biotransformation organism. Keywords: 1,8-cineole, catharanthus roseus, biotransformation organism
Processing of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>Composites, ZrO<sub>2</sub>Fibres and Films (1993)

Some of the work carried out on ZrO2 ceramics in the author's laboratory is described. Al2O3—ZrO2, composites containing CeO2 stabilised tetragonal zirconia were processed by a hybrid sol-gel route starting with Al2O3 powder and a Zr-alkoxide sol. A uniform dispersion of tetragonal zirconia particles was obtained and K10 values exceeding 10 MPa.m were achieved. A colloidal approach to the processing of these composites is also outlined in which the heteroflocculation of Al2O3 and ZrO2 particles was encouraged by coating the ZrO2 particles with a thin layer of SiO,. In addition, the preparation of ZrO2 fibres by unidirectional freezing of a hydrogel and high temperature stability of ZrO2, film, prepared by sol-gel technique, on sapphire are also described. The length of the zirconia fibres was found to depend on the period of ageing of the hydrogel; due to low contact angle between ZrO2 and Al2O3, thin films of ZrO2 on sapphire developed porosity on heating to high temperatures.
Monoclonal antibodies to human platelet glycoprotein IIb beta that initiate distinct platelet responses (1985)

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) were prepared by fusing cells of a mouse myeloma line to spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified GPIIb. Six of the hybridomas secreted MoAbs that recognized epitopes on the 23,000-dalton, disulfide-linked subunit of GPIIb, GPIIb beta. All six of these MoAbs agglutinated platelets in the absence of calcium. The agglutination titers of three of the MoAbs, however, were enhanced between 2 and 6 log2 dilutions when titrated in the presence of mmol/L of calcium. The enhancement in titer was the result of MoAb- induced platelet activation followed by platelet aggregation, a reaction that could also be initiated by the monovalent Fab fragments prepared from one of the MoAbs. The MoAbs did not significantly agglutinate platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, confirming biochemical evidence that there is a paucity of GPIIb beta in the membranes of these cells. Our results show that MoAbs to epitopes on GPIIb beta initiate distinct platelet responses; therefore, they should be useful for studying the ways in which regions of surface glycoproteins are involved in platelet-platelet interactions. In addition, these reagents may prove of value in diagnosing and typing patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Coherent and incoherent scattering of microwaves from the ocean (1961)

This report, the third in a series, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> summarizes experimental studies of microwave over-ocean propagation on line-of-sight paths. Measurements at 5.3, 3.2, and 0.86 cm wavelength in 1955, in the Gulf of Mexico, between two oil drilling platforms one mile apart are compared with the results of the phenomenological model developed earlier. The total field was measured at maxima, and minima of the interference patterns using a sequence of receiver beam widths. The scattered field alone was measured by means of a narrow beam. The 1955, Gulf of Mexico data, are consistent with the previous 1953, Golden Gate data, in regions of overlap of certain parameters, and provide extended coverage for other values under different conditions. Specifically, some of the new findings are: a) The experimental values of the coherent reflected field are larger than exp [ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2(2\pi h\psi /1000\lambda)^{2}</tex> ] for values of "apparent ocean roughness" ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h\psi/\lambda</tex> ) greater than 110 milliradians, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</tex> =standard deviation of water surface, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\psi</tex> =grazing angle in milliradians, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda</tex> electromagnetic wavelength, b) After rising from zero, the incoherent scattered power exhibits a downtrend for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h\psi/\lambda</tex> greater than 110. The incoherent power divided by the square of the smooth sea reflection coefficient shows no polarization dependence, c) The distribution along the surface as measured by the narrow-beam antenna shows that the coherent and incoherent power are markedly peaked in the specular direction, d) The ratios of coherent-to-incoherent power (m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) obtained from the shapes of the probability distributions agree with the power ratios obtained by measurements of the magnitudes of the signals, e) Total signal spectra broaden with increasing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h\psi/\lambda</tex> as found at the Golden Gate; the relative shapes of spectra agree with those from the Golden Gate. Horizontally- and vertically-polarized total signal spectra are the same.
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS (1990)

UV radiation is a potent DNA damaging agent and a known inducer of skin cancer in experimental animals. There is excellent scientific evidence to indicate that most non-melanoma human skin cancers are induced by repeated exposure to sunlight. UV radiation is unique in that it induces DNA damage that differs from the lesions induced by any other carcinogen. The prevalence of skin cancer on sun-exposed body sites in individuals with the inherited disorder XP suggests that defective repair of UV-induced DNA damage can lead to cancer induction. Carcinogenesis in the skin, as elsewhere, is a multistep process in which a series of genetic and epigenetic events leads to the emergence of a clone of cells that have escaped normal growth control mechanisms. The principal candidates that are involved in these events are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes display a positive effect on transformation, whereas tumor suppressor genes have an essentially negative effect, blocking transformation. Activated ras oncogenes have been identified in human skin cancers. In most cases, the mutations in the ras oncogenes have been localized to pyrimidine-rich sequences, which indicates that these sites are probably the targets for UV-induced DNA damage and subsequent mutation and transformation. The finding that activation of ras oncogenes in benign and self-regressing keratoacanthomas in both humans and in animals indicates that they play a role in the early stages of carcinogenesis (Corominas et al., 1989; Kumar et al., 1990). Since cancers do not arise immediately after exposure to physical or chemical carcinogens, ras oncogenes must remain latent for long periods of time. Tumor growth and progression into the more malignant stages may require additional events involving activation of other oncogenes or deletion of growth suppressor genes. In addition, amplification of proto-oncogenes or other genes may also be involved in tumor induction or progression. In contrast to the few studies that implicate the involvement of oncogenes in UV carcinogenesis, the role of tumor suppressor genes in UV carcinogenesis is unknown. Since cancer-prone individuals, particularly XP patients, lack one or more repair pathways, one can speculate that DNA repair enzymes would confer susceptibility to both spontaneous and environmentally induced cancers. Another potential candidate that can function as a tumor suppressor gene is the normal c-Ha-ras gene. Spandidos and Wilkie (1988) have shown that the normal c-Ha-ras gene can suppress transformation induced by the mutated ras gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Pectin Distribution at the Surface of Potato Parenchyma Cells in Relation to Cell−Cell Adhesion (2001)

The crispness of fruits and vegetables is dependent, predominantly, on the maintenance of cell adhesion. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that cell adhesion in plants is controlled at the edge of cell faces rather than across the entire cell surface. The aim of the current study has been to exploit antibody-labeling techniques in conjunction with methods that induce cell separation to explore the distribution of highly esterified and weakly esterified pectic polysaccharides on the cell surface. Potato parenchyma tissue was subjected to cooking and chemical treatments, which induced softening through cell separation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed characteristic patterns on the surface of these separated cells, which outlined the imprint of neighboring cells. Monoclonal antibodies, JIM5 and JIM7, were used to locate weakly esterified and highly esterified pectin by silver-enhanced immunogold SEM. The edge-of-face structures labeled strongly with JIM5 but not JIM7, indicating that they contained polygalacturonic acid of low ester content. In addition, adhesion of the middle lamella to the face of the primary wall was found to differ from adhesion at the edge of each cell face. This, in conjunction with the antibody-labeling observations, complements previous transmission electron microscopy studies and is consistent with the edge-of-face regions having a specialist role in cell adhesion.
Resistance in Maize to Euxesta stigmatias Loew (Diptera: Otitidae)2 (2000)

The corn silk fly, Euxesta stigmatias Loew (Diptera: Otitidae), and related otitid species can cause severe crop losses to sweet corn, Zea mays L., grown in tropical and subtropical regions. In Florida, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and E. stigmatias are two debilitating insect pests on the sweet corn ear that are considered the most costly and difficult to control. Our purpose was to search for resistance to the corn silk fly in a diverse set of maize germplasm that included sweet, floury, field and popcorn, and to determine if any empirical relationship existed between E. stigmatias damage and S. frugiperda infestation in corn ears. The overall means across two sites, 3 yrs and 16 genotypes was 1.77 for corn silk fly damage, rated on a 0 to 4 prototype scale, and 30.1% for fall armyworm infestation. Clear differences existed between the sweet and popcorn types when compared to the field and floury types. The field and floury corns sustained significantly less damage by the corn silk fly than the sweet and popcorn types (0.91 vs 3.33). Five of these genotypes, CEW-R58, DDSB, GT-RI4, Mp704 and ‘Zapalote Chico 2451’, had both lower corn silk fly damage ratings and lower levels of fall armyworm infestation. Across this broad germplasm base no statistical relationship was identified between corn silk fly damage and fall armyworm infestation, suggesting that each insect species responds independently to different maize genotypes. Husk extension was partly related to reduced S. frugiperda infestation, and tip tightness was partly related to reduced E. stigmatias damage. These results indicate that field corn could possibly serve as source of resistance to the corn silk fly for the improvement of sweet corn.
Mapping of Supramolecular Chirality in Insect Wings by Microscopic Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Heterogeneity in Protein Distribution (2021)

The supramolecular chirality of the hindwing of <i>Anomala albopilosa</i> (male) was investigated using a microscopic vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) system, denoted as MultiD-VCD. The source of intense infrared (IR) light for the system was a quantum cascade laser. Two-dimensional maps of IR and VCD spectra were taken by scanning the surface area (ca. 2 mm × 2 mm) of the insect hindwing tissue. The spectra ranged from 1500 to 1700 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and the maps have a spatial resolution of 100 μm. The distribution of proteins, including their supramolecular structures, was analyzed from the location-dependent spectral shape of the VCD bands assigned to amides I and II. The results revealed that the hindwing consists of segregated domains of proteins with different secondary structures: an α-helix (in one part of the membrane), a hybrid of α-helix and β-sheet (in another part of the membrane), and a coil (in a vein).
Fiber inspired neural probes (2013)

Limitations in the currently available technology for neural probes impede our progress towards a comprehensive brain activity map. The lack of understanding the brain function leads to limited options for the treatment of neurological disorders. In this thesis, I employed a two-step thermal drawing process (TDP), widely used in fabrication of optical fibers, to create arrays of metal microelectrodes embedded in a polymer cladding. The pitch and size of the electrodes were determined on the macroscale and preserved during the TDP. I have applied these fiber-inspired probes to record spontaneous and stimulated neural activity in vivo.
<i>In situ</i> sample temperature measurement in plasma immersion ion implantation (1999)

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is an excellent surface modification technique because it is not restricted by the line-of-sight limitation that plagues conventional beamline ion implantation. However, the lack of in situ monitoring has hampered wider acceptance of the technique in industry. It is known that the implantation temperature has a large influence on the surface properties of the treated specimens in addition to the more obvious parameters such as implantation voltage, pulse duration, pulsing frequency, and so on. Direct measurement of the target temperature is complicated by the sample high voltage as well as by interference from the electromagnetic field and plasma. In this article, we present a novel interference-free, in situ temperature measurement technique employing a shielded thermocouple directly attached to the sample stage. Our experiments show that the setup can monitor the target temperature in real time, even under severe arcing conditions. Our results also indicate that in a hot filament glow discharge radiation heating is quite small, and sample heating is primarily caused by ion bombardment during the PIII cycles. The new design will open up other possibilities such as in situ dose monitoring if, for example, the thermocouple is replaced by a Faraday cup.
Using eye-tracking to assess different image retargeting methods (2011)

Assessing media retargeting results is not a trivial issue. When resizing one image to a particular percentage of its original size, some content has to be removed, which may affect the image's original meaning and/or composition. We examine the impact of the retargeting process on human fixations, by gathering eye-tracking data for a representative benchmark of retargeted images. We compute their derived saliency maps as input to a set of computational image distance metrics. When analyzing the fixations, we found that even strong artifacts may go unnoticed for areas outside the original regions of interest. We also note that the most important alterations in semantics are due to content removal. Since using an eye tracker is not always a feasible option, we additionally show how an existing model of prediction of human fixations also works sufficiently well in a retargeting context.
Gene Expression in First Trimester Preeclampsia Placenta (2010)

This study corroborates reduced FSTL3 expression in the first trimester of preeclampsia. Nonsignificant trends in the other genes may require follow-up in studies powered for medium or medium/large effect sizes. qRT-PCR verification of the prior microarray of CVS may support the placental origins of preeclampsia hypothesis. Replication is needed for the candidate genes as potential biomarkers of susceptibility, early detection, and/or individualized care of maternal-infant preeclampsia.