gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power saving in hand-held multimedia systems using MPEG-21 digital item adaptation (2004)

The MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework initiative aims to support a wide range of networks and devices in the delivery and consumption of multimedia resources. One of the primary goals of MPEG-21 is universal multimedia access (UMA) through Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), which supports multimedia streaming to heterogeneous terminal devices ensuring the same readability and seamlessness. We pioneer power saving of terminal devices with MPEG-21 DIA, so that the MPEG-21 DIA can also be used to support power saving, even though the framework is not primarily designed for power reduction and only limited power awareness is defined by DIA. We introduce several power-saving techniques conforming to MPEG-21 DIA specifications and show the dependency relation among introduced techniques. We achieve energy savings of up to 66% in hand-held multimedia devices with minor QoS (Quality of Service) degradation.
Supine and Prone Colon Registration Using Quasi-Conformal Mapping (2010)

In virtual colonoscopy, CT scans are typically acquired with the patient in both supine (facing up) and prone (facing down) positions. The registration of these two scans is desirable so that the user can clarify situations or confirm polyp findings at a location in one scan with the same location in the other, thereby improving polyp detection rates and reducing false positives. However, this supine-prone registration is challenging because of the substantial distortions in the colon shape due to the patient's change in position. We present an efficient algorithm and framework for performing this registration through the use of conformal geometry to guarantee that the registration is a diffeomorphism (a one-to-one and onto mapping). The taeniae coli and colon flexures are automatically extracted for each supine and prone surface, employing the colon geometry. The two colon surfaces are then divided into several segments using the flexures, and each segment is cut along a taenia coli and conformally flattened to the rectangular domain using holomorphic differentials. The mean curvature is color encoded as texture images, from which feature points are automatically detected using graph cut segmentation, mathematic morphological operations, and principal component analysis. Corresponding feature points are found between supine and prone and are used to adjust the conformal flattening to be quasi-conformal, such that the features become aligned. We present multiple methods of visualizing our results, including 2D flattened rendering, corresponding 3D endoluminal views, and rendering of distortion measurements. We demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our registration method by illustrating matched views on both the 2D flattened colon images and in the 3D volume rendered colon endoluminal view. We analytically evaluate the correctness of the results by measuring the distance between features on the registered colons.
The safety and efficacy of gemcitabine for the treatment of bladder cancer (2016)

Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer with an estimated incidence of more than 70,000 patients and had a mortality of 16,000 patients in the US in 2015. In more than 70% of cases the disease is diagnosed at the non-muscle invasive stage. However, muscle invasive or metastatic stages need multimodal treatment strategies including surgical treatment and chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant, adjuvant or palliative setting. Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine antimetabolite that has shown efficacy when used systemically in bladder cancer with only mild toxicity compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. This article aims to summarize the results of clinical trials in monotherapeutic, combined or sequential treatment strategies, especially considering efficacy and safety of the different therapeutic regimes.
Red‐shifted emission from 1,2‐dioxetane‐based chemiluminescent reactions (2014)

Commercial chemiluminescent reagents emit across a broad portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (400-500 nm). A challenge to the use of chemiluminescence to monitor biological processes is the presence of interfering substances in the biological optical window. In the present study, longer wavelength emitting fluorophores (the organic dyes Alexa 568 and Alexa 647), and a semiconductor nanoparticle (QDOT800) were used to red-shift the emission from commercially available 1,2-dioxetane-based chemiluminescent substrate reactions. By adding non-conjugated fluorescent emitters into chemiluminescent reaction mixtures, an emission peak occurred at the predicted wavelength of the fluorescent emitter. The excitation and emission from QDOT800 was preserved in the presence of a 100 µm-thick glass barrier separating it from the chemiluminescent reaction components. The maximum tissue phantom penetration by QDOT800 emission was 8.5 mm; in comparison, the native chemiluminescent emission at 500 nm was unable to penetrate the thinnest tissue phantom of 2.5 mm. The described method for red-shifted emissions from chemiluminescent reactions does not require direct interaction between the chemiluminescent reaction and the fluorescent emitters. This suggests that the mechanism of chemiluminescent excitation of fluorophores and QDOT800 is not exclusive to chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer or sensitized chemiluminescence, but rather by broad energization from the native chemiluminescent emission.
Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates (1989)

Sustained exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), adrenal hormones secreted during stress, can cause neural degeneration in the rat. This is particularly so in the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for GCs, in which GCs can exacerbate the rate of neuron death during normal aging, as well as the severity of neuronal damage after various neurological insults. Thus, stress can be a potent modulator of hippocampal degeneration in the rat. The present report suggests a similar association in the primate. Eight vervet monkeys, housed in a primate center in Kenya, that had died spontaneously from 1984 to 1986, were found at necropsy to have multiple gastric ulcers; a retrospective, neuropathological study was then done of this opportunistic population. Compared with controls euthanized for other research purposes, ulcerated monkeys had marked hippocampal degeneration that was apparent both quantitatively and qualitatively, and both ultrastructurally and on the light-microscopic level. Minimal damage occurred outside the hippocampus. Damage was unlikely to have been due to an agonal or post-mortem artifact. Instead, ulcerated monkeys appear to have been subject to sustained social stress, perhaps in the form of social subordinance in captive breeding groups: most came from social groups, had significantly high incidences of bite wounds at necropsy, and had hyperplastic adrenal cortices, indicative of sustained GC release. Moreover, the specific hippocampal cell fields damaged in ulcerated animals matched those damaged by GCs in the rodent hippocampus. Thus, this represents the first evidence suggesting that sustained stress, via GC hypersecretion, might be neurodegenerative in the primate.
Channel Surfing: Defending Wireless Sensor Networks from Interference (2007)

Wireless sensor networks are susceptible to interference that can disrupt sensor communication. In order to cope with this disruption, we explore channel surfing, whereby the sensor nodes adapt their channel assignments to restore network connectivity in the presence of interference. We explore two different approaches to channel surfing: coordinated channel switching, where the entire sensor network adjusts its channel; and spectral multiplexing, where nodes in a jammed region switch channels while nodes on the boundary of a jammed region act as radio relays between different spectral zones. For spectral multiplexing, we have devised both synchronous and asynchronous strategies to facilitate the spectral scheduling needed to improve network fidelity when sensor nodes operate on multiple channels. In designing these algorithms, we have taken a system-oriented approach that has focused on exploring actual implementation issues under realistic network settings. We have implemented these proposed methods on a testbed of 30 Mica2 sensor nodes, and the experimental results show that these strategies can each repair network connectivity in the presence of interference without introducing significant overhead.
Illustrating motion through DLP photography (2009)

Strobe-light photography creates beautiful high-frequency effects by capturing multiple object copies. Single-chip DLP projectors produce a similar effect, with two important distinctions. Firstly, strobing occurs at different frequencies: at 10000 Hz, due to the DMD chip, and at 120 Hz, due to the colorwheel. Secondly, DLP illumination lacks the perception of `on-off' flashing that characterizes a strobe-light, since these frequencies are beyond human perception. While higher spatial frequencies are preserved in a motion-blurred DLP photograph, deblurring is still difficult, especially for articulated and deformable objects, since the deconvolution kernel can be different at each pixel. Instead we process DLP photographs to create new images that either summarize a dynamic scene or illustrate its motion. We conclude by discussing the frequencies present in DLP photographs, comparing them to images taken under skylight and fluorescent light.
Solution-Processed Indium-Zinc Oxide Transparent Thin-Film Transistors (2007)

Transparent thin-film transistors (TTFTs) with an indium-zinc oxide (IZO) active layer by the solution-processed deposition method were fabricated and their TFT characterization was examined. Solution-processed IZO thin films were amorphous and highly transparent with transmittance in the visible region with an optical bandgap of . Spin-coated IZO TTFTs were operated in depletion mode and showed a field-effect mobility as high as , a threshold voltage of , an on/off current ratio greater than , and a subthreshold slope of .
The continuously varying transmission-line technique - application to filter design (1999)

In this paper, an original approach to analyze and optimize continuously varying transmission lines (CVTLs) is used to design planar microwave filters. The method is based on exact solutions of the telegrapher's relations of nonuniform transmission lines. The CVTL scattering parameters are investigated in detail in the frequency domain. In order to validate the method, several different CVTLs are built using microstrip and coplanar-waveguide technology. Measured data are presented and compared with theory over a wide frequency range.
Isolation of an Internal Deletion Mutant of the <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana ABI3</italic> Gene (1994)

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that produces green seeds that are highly insensitive to exogenous ABA, non-dormant and severely desiccation intolerant was isolated from a population of fast neutron-irradiated seeds. Molecular and genetic analysis of this mutant shows that these phenotypes are caused by an internal deletion of approximately one third of the ABI3 gene. Therefore abi3 mutants with the above phenotypes are representative of null alleles at this locus.
An improvement of Tukey's HSD with application to ranking institutions (2017)

When a ranking of institutions such as medical centers or universities is based on an indicator provided with a standard error, confidence intervals should be calculated to assess the quality of these ranks. We consider the problem of constructing simultaneous confidence intervals (CIs) for the ranks of centers based on an observed sample. We present a novel method based on Tukey's honest significant difference test (HSD) which is the first method to produce valid simultaneous CIs for ranks. Moreover, we introduce a new variant of Tukey's HSD based on the sequential rejection principle. The new algorithm ensures familywise error control, and produces simultaneous confidence intervals for the ranks uniformly shorter than those provided by Tukey's HSD for the same level of significance. We illustrate the method through both simulations and real data analysis from 64 hospitals in the Netherlands. Software for our new methods is available online in package \texttt{ICRanks} downloadable from CRAN. Supplementary materials include supplementary R code for the simulations and proofs of the propositions presented in this paper.
Serum Proteins and Secretory Component in Human Carious Dentin (1979)

By the use of the peroxidase-labeled antibody method, significant localization of IgG, IgA, albumin and transferrin was demonstrated in the deep lesion of 20 carious teeth, where the secretory component was absent. These serum proteins formed a distinct zone, surrounding the overlying, shallow lesion infected with bacteria.
UV−Visible Light:  A Novel Route to Tune the Type of an Emulsion (2001)

The light-induced control of the type (oil or water continuous medium) of emulsions stabilized by an appropriate combination of two polyelectrolyte surfactants is described in this paper. Due to its balanced hydrophilic−lipophilic properties, the first polymeric emulsifier (denoted BHL) has the ability to stabilize both direct and inverse emulsions and play the role of the main emulsifier of the n-dodecane−water system. The second one is a photoresponsive amphiphilic polymer (PR polymer) used at such low concentrations that the sole presence of the PR polymer as an emulsifier leads to the formation of unstable emulsions. The chromophore groups randomly distributed along the PR polymer backbone enable the adjustment of its HL properties upon irradiation by near-UV light. We demonstrate that the change in hydrophobicity of the PR polymer induced by irradiation can be suitably used to tune the type of the liquid−liquid dispersion containing both polymers. Consequently, UV−visible light is presented as a novel trigger to control the emulsion type.
Hepatitis B "e" Antigen: An Apparent Association with Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozyme-5 (1977)

Serums containing the "e" antigen of hepatitis B virus were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. An extra band appeared in the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme pattern, but this band was undetectable in serums containing antibodies to the e antigenic determinant. Prior separation of the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 fraction by chromatography of serum on minicolumns of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex-A50 improved electrophoretic identification of the extra band. Neutralization with antibodies to the e antigen as well as by antibodies to the homologous d or y component of the hepatitis B surface antigen removed the extra band; antibodies to the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 removed both the normal and the extra enzymatic band of isozyme-5. This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury.
Four valued logic for relational database systems (1990)

This paper proposes a specific four-valued logic (4VL) as a means of handling missing data in Relational Data Base Management systems. The proposed 4VL is a minor variant of the standard 4VL in which the “least true” condition is interpreted as “inapplicable” rather than “false”. The use of this 4VL is defended on the grounds that by defining several additional unary operators, the 4VL can be rendered intuitively manageable. The proposed unary operators contribute to the conceptual utility of the 4VL by providing an explicit way for users to relate familiar results of two-valued logic to analogous results in 4VL.
Design and implementation of distributed and scalable multimedia signage system (2010)

Digital signage systems have found many interesting applications in the areas of advertising, entertainment and education. There are a variety of digital signage architectures in use. Through this paper we present Infoshare, a distributed and scalable multimedia signage system. Infoshare is based on the architecture of a collection of autonomous signage players connected with servers via a web service interface. The signage players display XAML based screens with rich signage contents which are scheduled based on location and time. This paper provides an overview of the Infoshare system that is deployed as the news signage system of Graduate School of Media Design, Keio University.
Efficient Implementation of Sample Rate Converter (2010)

Within wireless base station system design, manufacturers continue to seek ways to add value and performance while increasing differentiation. Transmit/receive functionality has become an area of focus as designers attempt to address the need to move data from very high frequency sample rates to chip processing rates. Digital Up Converter (DUC) and Digital Down Converter (DDC) are used as sample rate converters. These are the important block in every digital communication system; hence there is a need for effective implementation of sample rate converter so that cost can be reduced. With the recent advances in FPGA technology, the more complex devices providing high-speed as required in DSP applications are available. The filter implementation in FPGA, utilizing the dedicated hardware resources can effectively achieve application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)-like performance while reducing development time cost and risks. So in this paper the technique for an efficient design of DDC for reducing sample rate is being suggested which meets the specifications of WiMAX system. Its effective implementation also ensures the pathway for the efficient applications in VLSI designs. Different design configurations for the sample rate converter are explored. The sample rate converter can be designed using half band filters, fixed FIR filters, poly-phase filters, CIC filters or even farrow filters.
Hydroxyapatite as a Carrier for Bone Morphogenetic Protein (2010)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can induce the formation of new bone in numerous orthopedic and dental applications in which loss of bone is the main issue. The combination of BMP with a biomaterial that can carry and deliver proteins has been demonstrated to maximize the therapeutic effects of BMPs. However, no ideal candidate with optimal characteristics as a carrier has emerged for clinical use of BMPs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a potential BMP carrier with its osteoconductive properties and desirable characteristics as a bone graft biomaterial. In this study, 3 different methods to load BMP into HA materials were characterized and compared based on the BMP uptake and release profile. BMP was loaded into HA in 3 ways: (1) incorporation of BMP during HA precipitation, (2) HA immersion in BMP solution, and (3) BMP incorporation during dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) conversion to HA. The size of HA crystals decreased when BMP was loaded during HA precipitation and HA immersion in BMP solution; however, it did not change when BMP was loaded during DCPD-to-HA conversion. The highest BMP uptake was achieved using the immersion method followed by HA precipitation, and the lowest via DCPD conversion. It is interesting to note that BMP loading during HA precipitation resulted in sustained and prolonged BMP release compared with the 2 other BMP loading methods. In conclusion, BMP incorporation during HA precipitation revealed itself to be the best loading method.
Analysis of Thermal Stress in Fatigue Fracture Specimen using Lock-in Thermography (2006)

This paper aims to describe the thermal stress analysis using Lock-in thermography as a nondestructive testing(NDT. Applying the method of IR thermographic measurement would significantly reduce the necessary specimens and testing duration. As this technology is based on the thermal elastic effects, it can be used only under dynamic loading conditions, but not under static conditions. This study examined the distribution of stresses in a specimen by applying the principle of thermal elasticity. From the relationship between strength and stress, it was found that changes of temperature caused by measured stresses camera were consistent with the applied loads.
Anti‐Lipase Activity of Kampo Formulations, Coptidis Rhizoma and Its Alkaloids against <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> (1996)

Anti-lipase activity of Kampo formulations, Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), and its alkaloids against Propionibacterium acnes were examined in vitro. The amounts of propionic and butyric acids in the medium were measured as growth and lipase activity of P. acnes, respectively. In tributyrin-PYG medium with each concentration of Kampo formulation, CR, or the alkaloids added, the production of propionic acid was suppressed remarkably more than that of butyric acid. The suppression of production of these acids by CR was higher than that of the alkaloids. Furthermore, no lipase-negative colonies were found on the medium to which Kampo formulations were added. From these observations, we concluded that not only Kampo formulations and CR, but also their alkaloids, showed suppression of growth of P. acnes, which reduced anti-lipase activity. Furthermore, it was suggested that Kampo formulations and Kampo crude drugs with anti-lipase activity to P. acnes should be synergistic when their ingredients are combined.
CNN-Based Preprocessing to Optimize Watershed-Based Cell Segmentation in 3D Confocal Microscopy Images (2019)

The quantitative analysis of cellular membranes helps understanding developmental processes at the cellular level. Particularly 3D microscopic image data offers valuable insights into cell dynamics, but error-free automatic segmentation remains challenging due to the huge amount of data generated and strong variations in image intensities. In this paper, we propose a new 3D segmentation approach that combines the discriminative power of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for preprocessing and investigates the performance of three watershed-based postprocessing strategies (WS), which are well suited to segment object shapes, even when supplied with vague seed and boundary constraints. To leverage the full potential of the watershed algorithm, the multi-instance segmentation problem is initially interpreted as three-class semantic segmentation problem, which in turn is well-suited for the application of CNNs. Using manually annotated 3D confocal microscopy images of Arabidopsis thaliana, we show the superior performance of the proposed method compared to the state of the art.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Steroid Hormones (1989)

In the present work, a practical, rapid, reliable and isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of estriol, estradiol-17 beta, estrone, testosterone, and progesterone. Chromatographic separation is complete in 16 min using a mobile phase of 50% acetonitrile (v/v) in water. The order of elution is estriol, testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, estrone, and progesterone; retention times are 2.5, 5.5, 5.6, 6.9, 16.3 min, respectively. Absorbance maxima of individual steroids is the limiting factor in quantitative determination. The recommended wavelengths for UV monitoring are E3 214, E2 280, T 254, E1 214, and P4 254 nm.