gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The preliminary experiment of microfiltration for the removal of microorganisms from raw milk. (2000)

The process of microfiltration removal bacteria from milk is introduced.A preliminary experiment was carried out to determine microfiltration for the removal of microorganisms in raw milk. The efficiencies in relation to removal of spoilage organisms and pathogenic bacteria were systematically assessed.
Abnormal Growth and Clonal Proliferation of Fibroblasts Derived from Kidneys with Interstitial Fibrosis (1990)

Renal fibroblasts from normal kidneys (NKF cells) and from kidneys with interstitial fibrosis (FKIF cells) were established from biopsy material. In primary and passage 1 cell cultures, the amount of fibroblasts was increased by a factor of 5-10 in cultures derived from kidneys with interstitial fibrosis as compared with cultures of normal origin. As tested by clonal growth and growth kinetic experiments, FKIF cells showed significant alterations in the proliferation capacity and generation time resulting in a hyperproliferative growth in primary and secondary fibroblast cultures in vitro. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiments of [35S]methionine-labeled intracellular polypeptides revealed that FKIF cells express two proteins, p53/6.1 and p48/7.5, that are not present in normal kidney and skin fibroblasts. In addition, as analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of medium supernatants of FKIF cells, two secreted proteins specific for FKIF cells could be demonstrated. Cross-feeding experiments using conditioned medium of FKIF cells on cultures of normal human skin fibroblasts (NSF cells) revealed that FKIF cells may secrete proteins into the medium or may modify preexisting serum factors that can induce hyperproliferation in normal dermal fibroblasts. As tested by serial subcultivation and clonal analysis, FKIF cells exert significant changes in the differentiation pattern of potentially mitotic fibroblasts populations.
Handling Sub-Image Queries in Content-Based Retrieval of High Resolution Art Images (2001)

The paper describes work which is part of the Artiste project to develop a distributed database of Art Images from four major European art galleries. One aspect of the project involves the development of content-based retrieval and navigation facilities and a particular objective is to provide a facility for retrieving an image from the collection or navigating to related information in the database, given a query image which may be only a part of a particular image in the collection. The query sub-image may be a poor quality reproduction of part of the original and may be digitised under significantly different conditions. The paper outlines one of the recent approaches we have developed to facilitate such modes of retrieval and navigation. It is based on the use of colour coherence vectors extracted from image patches for the query and target images at a range of scales with multiple vector matching in order to find the best sub-image matches. Some results of the application of the technique are described and its success at sub-image location from a collection of images, including many at very high resolution, is demonstrated.
“Alive” dyes as fluorescent sensors: fluorophore, mechanism, receptor and images in living cells (2010)

In this feature article, we report our recent progresses in fluorescent sensors of biological dyes from the viewpoint of supramolecular and bioorganic chemistry. For signalling fluorophores, we extended or created naphthalene-based ICT systems, e.g. amino-1,8-naphthalimides, amino-1,8-dicyanonaphthalenes and acenaphthopyrrol-9-carbonitriles. We also developed BODIPY derivatives with large Stokes shifts and high fluorescence quantum yields in polar solvents, and a rhodamine analogue working in strong competitive aqueous solution as well as its silaanthracene analogue with a bathochromic shift as large as 90 nm. For sensing mechanisms, we extended or developed the following methods to improve sensing: e.g. PET in a photogenerated electronic field, TICT promoted PET derived from aminoalkyl or piperazino aminonaphthalimides, and the translation/amplification effect of surfactant micelles or aggregation on fluorescent sensing. We also successfully designed deprotonation strengthened ICT, FRET-chemodosimeter sensing systems. For non-cyclic recognition receptors, naphthalimides with two or more side chains at their 4,5- or 3,4-positions, as a convenient and simple platform for ratiometric sensors, were created for the recognition of heavy and transition metallic cations; multi-armed polyamides with more side chains were innovated as a versatile platform for the sensing of metal ions with high affinity, selectivity and positive homotropic allosteric effects. We designed V-shape sensors of the bis(aminomethyl)pyridine receptor with two fluorophores to show high performance. Finally, the intracellular applications of the above sensors and dyes, e.g. imaging heavy and transition metal ions in cells, fluorescent marking of hypoxia of tumour cells, are also reviewed.
A comparison of bacterial aggregation induced by saliva, lysozyme, and zinc (1985)

Aggregation of bacteria by zinc and lysozyme was studied and compared with aggregation induced by a high-molecular-weight salivary agglutinin. Each ligand was found to exhibit a unique profile of properties when examined by both a microradiochemical centrifugation assay and a turbidimetric assay. Significant differences in rate of aggregation and bacterial species specificity were noted. Zinc- and lysozyme-mediated aggregations were shown to be calcium independent and to proceed rapidly at 0 degree C, in contrast to the salivary agglutinin. Zinc produced large, asymmetric aggregates, saliva produced intermediate-sized aggregates, and lysozyme produced the smallest aggregates. These size differences are consistent with many of the observed reaction properties.
Wirelessly interrogable SAW-sensors for vehicular applications (2002)

Wirelessly interrogated passive SAW sensors for measurements in a rough environment are shown. These can be applied when remote readout is necessary and other sensors cannot withstand heat, dirt, mechanical vibration and/or electromagnetic interference. We show applications of passive SAW sensors for sensing tasks, especially in vehicles. The implementation of SAW sensors for measurements of torque and speed of revolution on transmission shafts is discussed. We present measurements of railway disc brake temperature by on-disc SAW sensors. Furthermore the wireless measurement of the air pressure in the tyres of road vehicles in motion is shown. The applied SAW sensors and the systems for interrogation are described, practical results are shown.
Intracavity characterization of micro-comb generation in the single-soliton regime (2016)

Soliton formation in on-chip micro-comb generation balances cavity dispersion and nonlinearity and allows coherent, low-noise comb operation. We study the intracavity waveform of an on-chip microcavity soliton in a silicon nitride microresonator configured with a drop port. Whereas combs measured at the through port are accompanied by a very strong pump line which accounts for >99% of the output power, our experiments reveal that inside the microcavity, most of the power is in the soliton. Time-domain measurements performed at the drop port provide information that directly reflects the intracavity field. Data confirm a train of bright, close to bandwidth-limited pulses, accompanied by a weak continuous wave (CW) background with a small phase shift relative to the comb.
The ‘ultimate toponym’ and national imaginaries in Georgia and Azerbaijan: Constraining Imaginaries of Borchali among Georgian Azeri-Turks (2020)

A central component of any national imaginary is the extent to which it is or can be made marketable and consumable by audiences within and outside of the borders of the territorial state. Physical and symbolic delimitation of the “homeland” – in 2- and 3-D, on the ground and on maps, in speech and in individual thought processes - facilitates a certain degree of intra-group solidarity and out-group wariness. After expanding upon the theoretical utility of the concept of the national imaginary, the author examines the role played by the “ultimate toponym”, that of the bounded and institutionalized nation-state, in reifying dominant national imaginaries in Georgia and Azerbaijan. A further aim of this article is to demonstrate the ways that popular and elite-centric conceptions of Azerbaijani and/or Georgian nation-hood stymie Georgian Azeri-Turks’ abilities to imagine alternate forms of identification and belonging, using the phantom territory of “Borchali” as a key example.
THE CONVERSION OF QUATERNARY PYRROLIDINIUM SALTS TO OPEN-CHAIN DIAMINES (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONVERSION OF QUATERNARY PYRROLIDINIUM SALTS TO OPEN-CHAIN DIAMINESM. S. KHARASCH and CHARLES F. FUCHSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1944, 09, 4, 359–372Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01186a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01186a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nucleonics (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleonicsW. S. Lyon and H. H. RossCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 5, 83–88Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00269a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00269a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crack Statististics and Stress Analysis of Thick GaN on Patterned Silicon Substrate (2018)

In this work, crack statistics are developed for MOCVD‐grown 12 μm thick GaN on patterned Si substrate for different sizes, trench widths and trench heights of the mesas. Optical microscope is used to obtain the percentage of cracked mesas in order to develop the crack statistics. The crack statistics show that the size and the trench height of the mesas have large effects on the percentage of cracked mesas but the trench width has no significant effect. The stress on crack‐free thick GaN mesas is investigated by micro‐Raman scattering process at room temperature by varying the size, trench height and trench width of the mesas. Both crack statistics and stress measurement show the similar behavior while varying these features of the mesas. According to Raman analysis, the critical stress for cracking of 12 μm GaN films is about 1.8 GPa.
Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruits and vegetable crops: A review (2010)

Sustainable agriculture seeks to at least use nature as the model for designing agricultural systems. Since nature integrates her plants and animals into diverse landscape, a major tenet of sustainable agriculture is efficiency and lack of waste products in nature. When domestication of crops replaced hunting and gathering of food, landscape changed accordingly. By producing a limited selection of crop plants and animals, human kind has substantially reduced the level of biological diversity over much of the earth. There is more cooperation in nature than competition. Cooperation is exemplified by mutually beneficial relationships that occur between species within communities. If left undistributed and unplanted an abandoned crop field will first be colonized by just a few species of organisms but after several years a complex community made up of many wild species develops. Stability is reached by a community when it has reached a high level of diversity. Diverse communities have fewer fluctuations in numbers of a given species and are stable. The practices which promote diversity and stability on the farm are enterprise diversification, crop rotation, use of wind breaks, provision of more habitats for microorganisms, intercropping and integration of crop farming with livestock production. Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops at the same time in the same field. Its advantages are risk minimization, increased income and food security, reduction of soil erosion and pest and disease control. This paper discusses the practice of intercropping in horticultural crop production to promote sustainability. Many crop systems are discussed.
Sulfur-Alkyne Cyclizations for Formation of Dihydrothiophenes and Annulated Thiophenes (2000)

Cycloisomerization of homopropargylic thiols to dihydrothiophenes is promoted by group VI metal carbonyls. Related thiacyclization transformations under basic and radical conditions are also described, including regioselective formation of benzothiophenes from aryl methyl sulfides and alkynes.
BAli-Phy: simultaneous Bayesian inference of alignment and phylogeny (2006)

Software is available for download at http://www.biomath.ucla.edu/msuchard/bali-phy.
Heteropolyanions of Methylarsonate and Dimethylarsinate: The Crystal Structures of Guanidinium Hexamolybdomethylarsonate Hexahydrate, (CN3H6)2[CH3AsMo6O21(H2O)6]·6H2O and Guanidinium Tetramolybdodimethylarsinate Monohydrate, (CN3H6)2[(CH3)2AsMo4O14(OH)]·H2O (1979)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of polymolybdo complexes of methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate have been determined by the X-ray diffraction technique. The crystal of (CN3H6)2[CH3AsMo6O21(H2O)6]·6H2O is trigonal, with the space group R3 and the cell dimensions of a=9.653(6) Å, α=87.01(15)°, and Z=l. The anion is an assemblage of six MoO6 octahedra and a tetrahedral CH3AsO3 group. The six MoO6 octahedra constitute a ring with alternate edge- and corner-sharing, and the tetrahedral CH3AsO3 group joins the anion, with its three oxygen atoms shared with the ring. Each molybdenum atom has two terminal oxygen atoms in the cis position and is coordinated by one water molecule. (CN3H6)2[(CH3)2AsMo4O14(OH)]·H2O crystallizes in the space group P21/c of the monoclinic system, with the cell dimensions of a=8.530(5), b=8.532(4), c=30.121(15) Å, β=95.50(16)°, and Z=4. The Mo4O14(OH) moiety in the [(CH3)2AsMo4O14(OH)]2− anion is formed with two face- and two edge-sharings of MoO6 octahedra into an almost flat rectangle. The oxygen atom located at the center of the anion and bonded to all the four molybdenum atoms is protonated and is, in fact, a hydroxyl group.
Self and mutual impedances of monopoles on a circular disk (2007)

The input impedance of a quarter-wavelength monopole at different locations on a circular disk was measured by physical experiment. The results were compared to data where it is available in the literature. The coupling between two monopoles along the radius of a circular disk is presented. These measurements provide reference data for numerical computations and allow better designs for monopole-on- circular groundplane.
Role of <i>Dlx-1</i> and <i>Dlx-2</i> genes in patterning of the murine dentition (1997)

The molecular events of odontogenic induction are beginning to be elucidated, but until now nothing was known about the molecular basis of the patterning of the dentition. A role for Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 genes in patterning of the dentition has been proposed with the genes envisaged as participating in an 'odontogenic homeobox gene code' by specifying molar development. This proposal was based on the restricted expression of the genes in molar ectomesenchyme derived from cranial neural crest cells prior to tooth initiation. Mice with targeted null mutations of both Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 homeobox genes do not develop maxillary molar teeth but incisors and mandibular molars are normal. We have carried out heterologous recombinations between mutant and wild-type maxillary epithelium and mesenchyme and show that the ectomesenchyme underlying the maxillary molar epithelium has lost its odontogenic potential. Using molecular markers of branchial arch neural crest (Barx1) and commitment to chondrogenic differentiation (Sox9), we show that this population alters its fate from odontogenic to become chondrogenic. These results provide evidence that a subpopulation of cranial neural crest is specified as odontogenic by Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 genes. Loss of function of these genes results in reprogramming of this population of ectomesenchyme cells into chondrocytes. This is the first indication that the development of different shaped teeth at different positions in the jaws is determined by independent genetic pathways.
Solid-Phase SNAr Macrocyclizations To Give Turn-Extended-Turn Peptidomimetics (1999)

An optimized set of conditions was developed for the synthesis ofβ-turn mimics 1 by SNAr macrocyclizations. These allow efficient production of molecules containing two amino acids (to mimic part of a turn region) fused with a turn-inducing fragment. The turn-inducing fragment is formed from amino acids with nucleophilic side chains and the SNAr electrophile. This methodology facilitates production of focussed libraries based on target protein structures.
Spirocyclic penicillins (1987)

The intramolecular, mercury-mediated cyclisation of (6S)-benzyl 6-[(R)-and (S)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-6-(methylthio)penicillanates, (8) and (9), has been shown to give spiro[imidazolidine2,6′-penicillanate] derivatives. Unexpectedly, products (16) and (17), derived from attack on the morehindered β-face, were isolated in addition to the predicted products (10) and (11), formed by attack on the α-face. Formylation and removal of the carboxy protecting group gave spirocyclic penicillins devoid of useful antibacterial activity.
Fel d 1–derived peptide antigen desensitization shows a persistent treatment effect 1 year after the start of dosing: A randomized, placebo-controlled study (2012)

A short course of Cat-PAD improves the ocular and nasal components of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in subjects with cat allergy, with the treatment effect persisting 1 year after the start of treatment.
High Levels of Heat Shock Protein Hsp72 in Cancer Cells Suppress Default Senescence Pathways (2007)

The major heat shock protein Hsp72 is constitutively expressed in many tumor cell lines and biopsies, and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in several types of cancer. Hsp72 was suggested to play an important role in neoplastic transformation and tumor development. We addressed the role of Hsp72 in cancer cells by investigating the consequences of specific depletion of Hsp72 using small interfering RNA. Down-regulation of Hsp72 in certain cancer lines triggered cell senescence associated with activation and stabilization of p53 and induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Effects of Hsp72 depletion on senescence and p53 did not result from a proteotoxic stress, DNA instability, or activation of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related pathways. Instead, depletion of Hsp72 reduced stability and activity of the p53 inhibitor Hdm2. In addition, Hsp72 depletion triggered a p53-independent senescence program through inhibitory phosphorylation and down-regulation of the cell cycle kinase Cdc2. Therefore, Hsp72 provides a selective advantage to cancer cells by suppressing default senescence via p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: AZAINDOLE DERIVATIVES. 60. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN 6‐CHLORO‐5‐AZAINDOLINES (1982)

Abstract Die nucleophile Substitution von Halogen in den Azaindolinen (I) und (VII), welche zu den Alkoxy‐Derivaten (II) und (VIII) führt, wird untersucht.
Combination Regimens of <i>nab</i>-Rapamycin (ABI-009) Effective Against MDA-MB-231 Breast-Tumor Xenografts. (2009)

Abstract Background: The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a key intracellular kinase integrating cell proliferation and survival and is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Nab-rapamycin (ABI-009) was developed using proprietary nab-technology and showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics, safety up to 90 mg/kg and effective antitumor activity at 40 mg/kg in the human-tumor-xenograft panel. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of different combination regimens for ABI-009 against MDA-MB-231 breast-tumor xenografts.Materials and methods: Subcutaneous human-breast (MDA-MB-231) tumors were grown in athymic nude mice and treated intravenously (IV) with ABI-009 alone at 40 mg/kg (3xwkly/4wks) and in combination with Erlotinib (50 and 100 mg/kg/day/4wks, IP), Cetuximab (20 and 40 mg/kg, 3xwkly/4wks, IP), Doxorubicin (2 and 5 mg/kg, wkly/10 wks, IV), Oxaliplatin (5 and 10 mg/kg wkly/4 wks, IV), SAHA (50 mg/kg, qdx7 or qdx14, IP), and Perifosine (30 and 60 mg/kg, 3xwkly/4wks, PO). The animal weights and tumor measurements were recorded three times weekly and adverse observations recorded.Results: ABI-009 was highly effective as a single agent against MDA-MB-231 breast tumor xenografts with 75% tumor-growth inhibition (TGI). Combination with Erlotinib resulted in TGI of 85% and 95% (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), 83% and 87% for Cetuximab (20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively), 83% and 90% for Doxorubicin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively), 82% and 85% for Oxaliplatin (5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively), 82% and 90% for SAHA (7 and 14 day treatment, respectively), and 92% and 96% for Perifosine (30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Notably, Erlotinib and Perifosine were found to synergize with ABI-009 resulting in maximum TGI and tumor growth delay.Discussion: ABI-009 (nab-rapamycin) alone was highly effective against MDA-MB-231 human-breast-tumor xenografts. Antitumor activity of ABI-009 was significantly increased in combination with kinase inhibitors, Erlotinib (EGFR-kinase inhibitor) and Perifosine (AKT inhibitor). Antitumor activity of ABI-009 was also significantly increased in combination with Doxorubicin – a topoisomerase inhibitor, and SAHA – an HDAC inhibitor, but not in combination with Oxaliplatin – a DNA crosslinker. In contrast, combination of ABI-009 with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, Cetuximab was not effective. The synergy of these combinations confirmed that rapamycin is active only on TORC1 and that suppression of TORC2 via AKT or PI3K pathways is a means of increasing activity of mTOR inhibitors with potential relevance to breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6106.