gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The elementary unit of store-operated Ca2+ entry: local activation of CRAC channels by STIM1 at ER–plasma membrane junctions (2006)

The activation of store-operated Ca(2+) entry by Ca(2+) store depletion has long been hypothesized to occur via local interactions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane, but the structure involved has never been identified. Store depletion causes the ER Ca(2+) sensor stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) to form puncta by accumulating in junctional ER located 10-25 nm from the plasma membrane (see Wu et al. on p. 803 of this issue). We have combined total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and patch-clamp recording to localize STIM1 and sites of Ca(2+) influx through open Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in Jurkat T cells after store depletion. CRAC channels open only in the immediate vicinity of STIM1 puncta, restricting Ca(2+) entry to discrete sites comprising a small fraction of the cell surface. Orai1, an essential component of the CRAC channel, colocalizes with STIM1 after store depletion, providing a physical basis for the local activation of Ca(2+) influx. These studies reveal for the first time that STIM1 and Orai1 move in a coordinated fashion to form closely apposed clusters in the ER and plasma membranes, thereby creating the elementary unit of store-operated Ca(2+) entry.
You Can Call but You Can't Hide: Detecting Caller ID Spoofing Attacks (2014)

Caller ID (caller identification) is a service provided by telephone carriers to transmit the phone number and/or the name of a caller to a callee. Today, most people trust the caller ID information, and it is increasingly used to authenticate customers (e.g., by banks or credit card companies). However, with the proliferation of smartphones and VoIP, it is easy to spoof caller ID by installing corresponding Apps on smartphones or by using fake ID providers. As telephone networks are fragmented between enterprises and countries, no mechanism is available today to easily detect such spoofing attacks. This vulnerability has already been exploited with crucial consequences such as faking caller IDs to emergency services (e.g., 9-1-1) or to commit fraud. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end caller ID verification mechanism CallerDec that works with existing combinations of landlines, cellular and VoIP networks. CallerDec can be deployed at the liberty of users, without any modification to the existing infrastructures. We implemented our scheme as an App for Android-based phones and validated the effectiveness of our solution in detecting spoofing attacks in various scenarios.
Tissue characterization for beef grading using texture analysis of ultrasonic images (1993)

The primary factors in determining beef quality grades are the amount and distribution (or marbling) of intramuscular fat. Under the current USDA Grading system, the quality is subjectively graded by certified inspectors. There is a growing demand in the meat industry for an objective system of evaluating the quality of beef carcasses as well as live animals. A real-time ultrasound technique was used to characterize intramuscular fat in the longissimus dorsi (rib-eye) muscle of 126 live animals. Two approaches of B-mode image texture analysis, namely spacial gray-level dependence matrices and gray-level run-length matrices, were used. The significant texture parameters were used to develop models for predicting intramuscular %fat. With validation testing of these models, from more than 75 percent of the images, the %fat values were predicted to within 1.5 percentage and from about 68 percent of the images, the %fat was predicted to within one percent. The preliminary results showed a good potential of ultrasound and texture analysis for tissue characterization and objectively evaluating beef quality
Distributed text retrieval from overlapping collections (2007)

In standard text retrieval systems, the documents are gathered and indexed on a single server. In distributed information retrieval (DIR), the documents are held in multiple collections; answers to queries are produced by selecting the collections to query and then merging results from these collections. However, in most prior research in the area, collections are assumed to be disjoint. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of different combinations of server selection and result merging algorithms in the presence of duplicates. We also test our hash-based method for efficiently detecting duplicates and near-duplicates in the lists of documents returned by collections. Our results, based on two different designs of test data, indicate that some DIR methods are more likely to return duplicate documents, and show that removing such redundant documents can have a significant impact on the final search effectiveness.
An assay of ribonuclease H, endoribonucleases, and phosphatases. (1976)

An assay for ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.4.34) is described which permits the estimation of the number and the type of cleavages produced by the enzyme when acting on the ribo moiety of a DNA-RNA hybrid substrate. With six different homopolymer hybrids tested, the number of enzymically induced breaks varied widely. The method is applicable to other endoribonucleases, phosphodiesterases, and phosphatases.
Two‐Dimensional Nanosheet Crystals (2007)

Roll model: A new “shape-transformation” concept (see picture) that proceeds through a rolling out of 1D tungsten oxide nanorods for the fabrication of laterally confined 2D WS2 nanosheet crystals has been developed. The resulting 2D WS2 nanosheet crystals show a significantly enhanced discharge capacity for applications in lithium ion batteries owing to their 2D nanoscale characteristics. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z703175_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Drugs for Osteoporosis (2003)

Three simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are developed for the determination of some new drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis: risedronate sodium (I), alendronate sodium (II) and etidronate disodium (III). The first method is based on the measurement of difference in absorbance (Delta A) of risedronate sodium in 0.01 mol l(-1) hydrochloric and 0.1 mol l(-1) sodium hydroxide at 262 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over a concentration range of 15-150 microg ml(-1) with mean recovery 99.75+/-1.22 and molar absorptivity (epsilon) 1.891 x 10(3). The second method is based on the reaction of the primary amino group of (II) with ninhydrin reagent in methanolic medium in the presence of 0.05 mol l(-1) sodium bicarbonate. The colored product is measured at 568 nm, and the linearity range is found to be 3.75-45 microg ml(-1) with mean recovery 99.77+/-0.73 and epsilon 9.425 x 10(3). The third method is based on oxidation of the three mentioned drugs with ceric (IV) sulphate in 0.5 mol l(-1) sulphuric acid at room temperature and subsequent measurement of the excess unreacted cerium (IV) sulphate at 320 nm. The method obeyed Beer's law over a concentration range of 2-24 microg ml(-1) for the three drugs with mean recovery 99.79+/-1.16, 99.73+/-1.38 and 99.86+/-1.13 and epsilon 14.427 x 10(3), 13.813 x 10(3) and 14.000 x 10(3) for drugs I, II, III respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulations. The results were found to agree statistically with those obtained the reported methods. Furthermore, the methods were validated according to USP regulations and also assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
2,6-Difunctionalization of N-Substituted Dithienothiazines via Dilithiation (2013)

The regioselective lithiation of dithienothiazines followed by electrophilic trapping in a one-pot fashion is an efficient route to 2-mono- and 2,6-difunctionalized dithienothiazines. A pseudo five-component dilithiation–diformylation–double-Wittig olefination sequence gives a dithienothiazine symmetrically functionalized with α,β-unsaturated ester side chains in excellent yield.
Addition von Aldehyden an aktivierte Doppelbindungen, XIV. Über die katalysierte Reaktion von Aldehyden mit Mannich‐Basen (1977)

Abstract Alkalicyanid‐ und thiazoliumsalz‐katalysierte Additionen von Aldehyden an Mannich‐Basen von gesättigten und ungesättigten Ketonen führen zu 1,4‐Diketonen ( 1–6, 9–22 ).
A 0.6‐V low‐power armstrong VCO in 0.18 μm CMOS (2009)

Abstract A low‐power differential voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed and implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS 1P6M process. It consists of two single‐ended Armstrong oscillators via cross‐coupled transistors to obtain a differential output. At the supply voltage of 0.6 V, the output phase noise of the differential VCO is −120.02 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 3.85 GHz and the figure of merit is −188.5 dBc/Hz. Total VCO core power consumption is 2.1 mW. Tuning range is about 550 MHz, from 3.81 to 4.36 GHz, whereas the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 2.0 V. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 116–119, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24864
Direct Dry Air Capture of CO<sub>2</sub> Using VTSA with Faujasite Zeolites (2020)

The capture and concentration of CO2 from a dry ambient air stream by temperature vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) have been experimentally demonstrated on a small scale by using a single bed system packed with 20 g of zeolite X. Initially seven different commercially available type X zeolites were investigated, and one of them was chosen for a more comprehensive study. Breakthrough experiments were carried out by perturbing the He saturated bed with compressed ambient air with CO2 of around 410–440 ppm. In the process studied, a basic four-step TVSA cycle was investigated first, comprising the following steps: pressurization, adsorption, blowdown, and desorption. Four different regeneration temperatures were tested along with four different gas space velocities. With this cycle configuration, CO2 was concentrated to 95% from 400 ppm with total capture fractions as high as 81%. The energy consumption per ton of CO2 captured in the system is discussed for the different process configurations. The results from this study are discussed on how to improve the possibility of using low Si/Al ratio faujasite-structured zeolites in direct air capture of CO2.
Well-Defined Diblock Copolymers via Termination of Living ROMP with Anionically Polymerized Macromolecular Aldehydes (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTWell-Defined Diblock Copolymers via Termination of Living ROMP with Anionically Polymerized Macromolecular AldehydesJustin M. Notestein, Li-Bong W. Lee, and Richard A. RegisterView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 6, 1985–1987Publication Date (Web):February 7, 2002Publication History Received11 December 2001Published online7 February 2002Published inissue 1 March 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma012157xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma012157xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views899Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Aromatic compounds,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Flattening the gain spectrum of an erbium-dopedfibre amplifierby connecting an Er <sup>3+</sup> -doped SiO <sub>2</sub> -Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> fibreand an Er <sup>3+</sup> -doped multicomponent fibre (1994)

A technique is proposed for designing the gain spectrum in Er3+-doped fibre amplifiers. It uses an active fibre constructed by connecting two erbium-doped fibres with different host materials. An Er3+-doped SiO2-Al2O3 fibre and an Er3+-doped multicomponent fibre were connected to flatten the gain spectrum in the 1.55 µm band. A flat gain spectrum was achieved in the 1.543–1.558 µm bandwidth range with a signal gain of 26 dB and a noise figure of less than 6 dB.
Technique for Microfabrication of Polymeric-Based Microchips from an SU-8 Master with Temperature-Assisted Vaporized Organic Solvent Bonding (2009)

Novel means of fabricating polymeric microfluidic devices are presented. An SU-8 master is applied in two-stage embossing, followed by vaporized organic solvent bonding. The primary master is created by standard photolithography; the inexpensive SU-8 primary master is used in a two-stage process to generate microfeatures in hard polymers. A vaporized solvent bonding technique that readily produces complete microfluidic chips, without the need of a sacrificial layer to prevent channel deformation, was used to form complete multilayer microfluidic devices. This technique provides a more direct method to generate hard polymer microfluidic chips than classical techniques and therefore is highly amenable to rapid prototyping. The technique lends itself readily to many polymers, facilitating device production for a variety of applications, even permitting hybrid polymer chips, and provides a rapid, cost-effective, simple, and versatile approach to the production of polymer-based microdevices. The fabrication technique was tested to build microchips to perform several analyses, including chromatographic separations and a quantitative indicator assay. High separation efficiencies of 10,000-45,000 plates/m were obtained using the fabricated liquid chromatography (LC) microchip. The fabrication method was also tested in building a passive micromixer that contained high-density microfeatures and required three polymer layers. A glycine assay using o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) was performed in the micromixer. With glycine concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 2.6 microM, a linear calibration plot was obtained with a detection limit of 0.032 microM.
Monitoring of a Frame Structure Model for Damage Identification using Artificial Neural Networks (2012)

A structural parameter identification and damage detection approach using displacement measurement time series is proposed, and the performance of the approach is validated experimentally with a frame structure model in a healthy condition and with joint connection damages. The proposed approach is carried out using two neural networks: one is called time-delay neural network (TDNN) and the other is called traditional neural network (TNN). The theoretical basis and the selection of the input and output of the TDNN and the TNN are explained. The performance of the proposed methodology for damage detection of the frame structure model with different joint damage scenarios is introduced by direct use of displacement measurement under base excitations. A simulation study has been carried out for the incomplete measurement data. The proposed approach provides an alternative way for damage detection of engineering structures by direct use of structural dynamic displacement measurements.
Complete Human From Hellenism, Complete State From Rome Complete Human and Complete State From Ottoman (2016)

According to dominant view in ancient Greek ideology significance was attributed to economics as much as to human notion, which was effected by religion, philosophy and ethics perspectives. When we say Ancient Greece we are talking about an era in which the bases of sciences were set, as well as an era in which humankind discovered his honor. Therefore we call it Complete Human in Hellenism. Romans, on the other hand were warriors and statesman. They bequeathed parts that set the basics of law and politics for future civilizations. Thus, we call Complete State. In Ottoman logic structure, value was added to both human and to state notion. We called both human and state in Ottoman due to their fulfilled standing positions. Our work was done within this logic structure. A vast literature review was conducted. We researched university libraries in different cities in Turkey primarily in Istanbul. We also researched works not only from Turkish economics historians but also from western scholars. Through inductive reasoning we concluded that humanism found its notion in Hellenism, state in Rome and we found that both nurtured in Ottoman.
Clinical Vitamin B6 Analysis: An Interlaboratory Comparison of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate Measurements in Serum (2005)

Agreement among vitamin B(6) methods is good, but large differences in laboratory proficiency exist, pointing to the need for vitamin B(6) reference materials and external quality assurance programs.
Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2000)

The marked variability in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in response to cigarette smoking has been known for decades, but severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PI Z) remains the only proven genetic risk factor for COPD. With cigarette smoking, PI Z subjects tend to develop more severe pulmonary impairment at an earlier age than non-smoking PI Z individuals. However, PI Z individuals exhibit wide variability in pulmonary function impairment, even among individuals with similar smoking histories. Therefore, other genes and environmental exposures are also likely involved. The role of heterozygosity for the Z allele as a risk factor for COPD remains controversial, but accumulating evidence suggests that at least some PI MZ individuals are at increased risk of developing airflow obstruction. In individuals without alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, familial aggregation of COPD has been reported in several studies. To study novel genetic determinants of COPD, our research group enrolled 44 severe, early-onset COPD probands (FEV1 < 40%, age < 53 yrs, non-PI Z) and 266 of their relatives. A marked female predominance was noted among the early-onset COPD probands. In addition, increased risk to current or ex-smoking first-degree relatives of early-onset COPD probands for reduced FEV1, chronic bronchitis and spirometric bronchodilator responsiveness has been demonstrated. These data strongly support the genetic basis for the development of COPD and the potential for gene-by-environment interaction. A variety of studies have examined candidate gene loci with association studies, comparing the distribution of variants in genes hypothesized to be involved in the development of COPD in COPD patients and control subjects. For most genetic loci which have been tested, there have been inconsistent results. Genetic heterogeneity could contribute to difficulty in replicating associations between studies. In addition, case-control association studies are susceptible to supporting associations based purely on population stratification, which can result from incomplete matching between cases and controls--including differences in ethnicity. No association studies in COPD have been reported which used family-based controls, a study design which is immune to such population stratification effects. More importantly, no linkage studies have been published in COPD to identify regions of the genome which are likely to contain COPD susceptibility genes--regions in which association studies are likely to be more productive.
Aggregating Ordinal Labels from Crowds by Minimax Conditional Entropy (2014)

We propose a method to aggregate noisy ordi-nal labels collected from a crowd of workers or annotators. Eliciting ordinal labels is important in tasks such as judging web search quality and rating products. Our method is motivated by the observation that workers usually have diffi-culty distinguishing between two adjacent ordi-nal classes whereas distinguishing between two classes which are far away from each other is much easier. We formulate our method as min-imax conditional entropy subject to constraints which encode this observation. Empirical eval-uations on real datasets demonstrate significant improvements over existing methods. 1.
Can we teach what emotions a robot should express? (2012)

This paper presents a possibility that we can teach what emotions a robot should express. For this, we design an artificial emotion decision system learned by feedbacks of users. The proposed system consists of three parts: a personality space with probability model, an emotion decision process, and an emotion learning process. (1) The personality space is designed based on the Five-Factor Model. In the personality space, we set up probability distributions of emotions. (2) The emotion decision process determines the probability values of emotions using the probability distributions of emotions in the personality space. (3) The emotion learning process updates the probability distributions by the feedbacks that are the teaching information from users; then, different probability values of emotions are determined. By applying to a humanoid robot system, we have verified the validity of the proposed system by being learned from two persons who have different personalities.
Colorimetric Detection of Chelating Agents Using Polydiacetylene Vesicles (2011)

본 연구에서는 폴리다이아세틸렌(polydiacetylene, PDA) 베시클을 이용하여 여러 가지 킬레이트제(chelating agent)를 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 센서 시스템을 개발하였다. 다른 센서들과 비교하여 PDA기반 센서는 많은 장점이 있다. 첫째로, 형광물질의 부착이 필요 없는 무표지 검출(label-free detection)이 가능하여 실험 절차가 간단하고 빠르다. 둘째로, PDA는 청색에서 외부 자극에 의해 적색으로 변화하는 색전이를 일으키므로 육안으로 쉽게 검출을 확인할 수 있었다. 끝으로, 특정 파장에서의 colorimetric response를 측정하여 각각의 킬레이트제의 농도에 따른 정량검출도 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 5가지 종류의 킬레이트제, 즉 EDTA, EGTA, NTA, DCTA, DTPA를 PDA 베시클과 반응시켰으며, 이중에서 EDTA, DCTA는 특히 강한 반응으로 PDA의 색전이를 유도함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 PDA 베시클을 사용하여 어떠한 기계나 동력을 사용하지 않고 색전이를 이용하여 킬레이트를 성공적으로 검출할 수 있음을 보여주었다. In this research, we developed a sensor system which can easily detect several chelating agents using polydiacetylene(PDA) vesicles. In comparison to other sensors, PDA based sensor has several advantages. First, detection method is much simpler and faster because it does not require any labeling step in the experiment procedure. Second, significant color-transition from blue to red based upon external stimulus allows us the detection by naked eyes. Finally, it is also possible to perform quantitative analysis of the concentration of the chelating agent by measuring the colorimetric response. In this paper, five types of chelating agents were used, including EDTA, EGTA, NTA, DCTA and DTPA. Among them, EDTA and DCTA triggered especially strong color-transition. In conclusion, this study has led to a successful development of a color transition-based PDA sensor system for easy and rapid detection of chelating agents.