gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Producing bowtie limited diffraction beams with synthetic array experiment (1996)

Limited diffraction beams have a large depth of field and could have applications in medical ultrasound and other wave related areas such as electromagnetics and optics. However, these beams have higher sidelobes than conventional focused beams at their focuses. Recently, a new type of beam, called bowtie limited diffraction beams, was developed. These beams can achieve both low sidelobes and a large depth of field in medical imaging. In this paper, the production of bowtie beams in water with a synthetic array experiment is reported. A broad-band PZT ceramic/polymer composite transducer of about 1 mm diameter and 2.5 MHz central frequency was scanned in a raster format and placed at the centers of elements of an equivalent two-dimensional array of 50 mm diameter aperture. A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) needle hydrophone of 0.5 mm diameter was used to receive the waves produced by the transducer. Proper weighting functions were applied to the received signals to produce various beams. Results show that the bowtie beams produced with the synthetic array experiment are in good agreement with those derived from theory and obtained by computer simulations. The depth of field of these beams is about 216 mm and sidelobes of a tenth derivative bowtie X wave in pulse-echo imaging are about 30 dB lower than those of rotary symmetric limited diffraction beams such as the zeroth-order X wave discovered previously.
Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Chronic Intravenous Infusion of Prostaglandin E1 (1990)

The role of prostaglandins and their synthesis inhibitors in malignant disease is undefined. The following studies were done to determine the effects of continuous intravenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, on tumor growth and metastasis in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Male B6D2F1 mice underwent tumor implantation in the right axilla on day 0. After 10 days of tumor growth, mice underwent intravenous (IV) catheterization and were infused with either PGE1 at 3 micrograms/kg/minute (PG-LOW), PGE1 at 6 micrograms/kg/minute (PG-HIGH), indomethacin (INDO) at 1 microgram/kg/minute, or normal saline (NS). After 10 days of infusion, tumor volume, tumor weight, and the number of metastases greater than 2 mm in diameter were significantly decreased, and tumor doubling time was significantly prolonged in the PG-HIGH group compared to NS controls. None of the other experimental groups showed differences in these parameters. A second experiment with a similar experimental design was done infusing PGE1 at 6 micrograms/kg/minute and at 12 micrograms/kg/minute to determine the maximum dose response of IV PGE1. Again a decrease in tumor volume, tumor weight, and metastatic rates were identified when compared to saline control, but there were no significant difference between the two doses of PGE1.
Indexical interaction design for context-aware mobile computer systems (2006)

This paper presents findings from a current research project focusing on challenges of interaction design for context-aware mobile computer systems.These challenge are approached from a novel perspective on contextawareness; by exploiting knowledge about the user's context to create indexical user interfaces that carry a major part of their meaning implicitly through the settings in which they are used, thus reducing the need for explicit information representation cluttering the limited screen real estate of mobile devices.The project aims at creating a theoretical foundation for future research into interaction design with context-aware mobile computer systems and to develop the concept of indexicality as an interaction design principle for such systems.Achieving this, we are conducting a theoretical as well as a technical stream of research involving field studies into the context of mobile computer system use and experimental design, implementation and evaluation of prototype systems.
Item Banks for Measuring Emotional Distress From the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®): Depression, Anxiety, and Anger (2011)

The authors report on the development and calibration of item banks for depression, anxiety, and anger as part of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). Comprehensive literature searches yielded an initial bank of 1,404 items from 305 instruments. After qualitative item analysis (including focus groups and cognitive interviewing), 168 items (56 for each construct) were written in a first person, past tense format with a 7-day time frame and five response options reflecting frequency. The calibration sample included nearly 15,000 respondents. Final banks of 28, 29, and 29 items were calibrated for depression, anxiety, and anger, respectively, using item response theory. Test information curves showed that the PROMIS item banks provided more information than conventional measures in a range of severity from approximately -1 to +3 standard deviations (with higher scores indicating greater distress). Short forms consisting of seven to eight items provided information comparable to legacy measures containing more items.
GMPLS-controlled dynamic translucent optical networks (2009)

The evolution of optical technologies has paved the way to the migration from opaque optical networks (i.e., networks in which the optical signal is electronically regenerated at each node) to transparent (i.e., all-optical) networks. Translucent optical networks (i.e., optical networks with sparse opto-electronic regeneration) enable the exploitation of the benefits of both opaque and transparent networks while providing a suitable solution for dynamic connections. Translucent optical networks with dynamic connections can be controlled by the GMPLS protocol suite. This article discusses the enhancements that the GMPLS suite requires for the control of dynamic translucent optical networks with quality of transmission guarantees. Such enhancements concern QoT-awareness and regenerator-awareness and can be achieved by collecting and disseminating the information on QoT and regenerator availability, respectively, and by efficiently leveraging such information for traffic engineering purposes. More specifically, the article proposes two distributed approaches, based on the routing protocol and the signaling protocol, for disseminating regenerator information in the GMPLS control plane. Moreover, three strategies are introduced to efficiently and dynamically designate the regeneration node(s) along the connection route. Routing and signaling approaches are compared in terms of blocking probability, setup time, and control plane load during provisioning and restoration.
Matrix converter bi-directional switch commutation using intelligent gate drives (1998)

This paper deals with the problem of commutation in matrix power converters. Existing commutation methods are reviewed. A novel snubberless commutation method is presented which employs current detection within intelligent gate drive circuits for each bi-directional cell which communicate with the gate drives of other cells. The problems with other methods at low currents are overcome. Experimental results verifying the current direction sensing and commutation are presented.
Synthesis and Solution Properties of Phenylated Polyquinolines. Utilization of the Friedländer Reaction for the Synthesis of Aromatic Polymers Containing 2,6-Quinoline Units in the Main Chain (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Solution Properties of Phenylated Polyquinolines. Utilization of the Friedländer Reaction for the Synthesis of Aromatic Polymers Containing 2,6-Quinoline Units in the Main ChainS. O. Norris and J. K. StilleCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 3, 496–505Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60051a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60051a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased Sensitivity of Sars-Coronavirus to a Combination of Human Type I and Type II Interferons (2004)

There is currently an urgent need to identify effective antiviral agents that will prevent and treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. In this study, we have investigated and compared the antiviral effect of different interferons (IFNs) on SARS-CoV replication in the epithelial kidney monkey Vero cell line. The results showed that SARS-CoV grown in Vero cells is moderately sensitive to IFN-beta and only weakly sensitive to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, in comparison to other IFN-sensitive viruses, such as those for encephalomyocarditis, vesicular stomatitis and Newcastle disease. Simultaneous incubation of Vero cells with IFN-beta and IFN-gamma indicated that they may act synergistically against SARS-CoV replication. The IFN-induced MxA protein was detected in the IFN-treated Vero cells. The data, however, suggest that the antiviral activity of IFN against SARS-CoV virus is independent of MxA expression.
Increased Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital vs. Conventional Clock Drawing Test for Discrimination of Patients in the Early Course of Alzheimer’s Disease from Cognitively Healthy Individuals (2017)

The conventional Clock Drawing Test (cCDT) is a rapid and inexpensive screening tool for detection of moderate and severe dementia. However, its usage is limited due to poor diagnostic accuracy especially in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The diagnostic value of a newly developed digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) was evaluated and compared with the cCDT in 20 patients with early dementia due to AD (eDAT), 30 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 20 cognitively healthy controls (HCs). Parameters assessed by dCDT were time while transitioning the stylus from one stroke to the next above the surface (i.e., time-in-air), time the stylus produced a visible stroke (i.e., time-on-surface) and total-time during clock drawing. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated and logistic regression analyses have been conducted for statistical analysis. Using dCDT, time-in-air was significantly increased in eDAT (70965.8 ms) compared to aMCI (54073.7 ms; <i>p</i> = 0.027) and HC (32315.6 ms; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In addition, time-in-air was significantly longer in patients with aMCI compared to HC (<i>p</i> = 0.003), even in the aMCI group with normal cCDT score (54141.8 ms; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Time-in-air using dCDT allowed discrimination of patients with aMCI from HCs with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 72.2% while cCDT scoring revealed a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 83.3%. Most interestingly, time-in-air allowed even discrimination of aMCI patients with normal cCDT scores (80% from all aMCI patients) from HCs with a clinically relevant sensitivity of 80.8% and a specificity of 77.8%. A combination of dCDT variables and cCDT scores did not improve the discrimination of patients with aMCI from HC. In conclusion, assessment of time-in-air using dCDT yielded a higher diagnostic accuracy for discrimination of aMCI patients from HCs than the use of cCDT even in those aMCI patients with normal cCDT scores. Modern digitizing devices offer the opportunity to measure subtle changes of visuo-constructive demands and executive functions that may be used as a fast and easy to perform screening instrument for the early detection of cognitive impairment in primary care.
Interleukin-6 response to deliberate colonization of the human urinary tract with gram-negative bacteria (1991)

Intravesical inoculation of patients with Escherichia coli provided an opportunity to examine the interleukin-6 (IL-6) response to a gram-negative bacterial urinary tract infection in humans. All patients secreted IL-6 as a result of infection. Urinary IL-6 was not continuously secreted but appeared as a series of similar peaks during the first 48 h after infection. There was no significant difference in the ability to trigger IL-6 secretion between isogenic adhering or nonadhering strains, but a threshold concentration of 10(5) bacteria per ml of urine was necessary to fully stimulate IL-6 secretion. There was no detectable increase in IL-6 levels in the serum of the colonized individuals, suggesting mainly local IL-6 production. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is a part of the human mucosal response to gram-negative urinary tract infections.
A novel concept for regenerative braking of PWM-VSI drives employing a loss-free braking resistor (2002)

In this paper a simple circuit for feeding back the braking energy from the DC voltage link of a three-phase PWM AC drive system into the mains is proposed. The operating behavior of the system which consists of a series connection of a line-commutated three-phase bridge and a turn-off power semiconductor device and in principle does not require passive components is discussed. The stationary operating behavior is analyzed by analytical calculations and by digital simulation and represented in graphical form. Furthermore, the effects on the mains caused by the system for braking operation are analyzed and compared to the conditions for motoring operation and/or to the conditions for feeding of the DC link by an uncontrolled rectifier bridge. Finally, measures for guaranteeing high system operational safety are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit are compiled in the form of an overview.
Netscape Navigator 4 : An Introduction (1997)

Project 1 - introduction to Netscape project 2 - information mining and research using Web search engines project 3 - conversing over the Internet.
Self-Supervised Visual Planning with Temporal Skip Connections (2017)

In order to autonomously learn wide repertoires of complex skills, robots must be able to learn from their own autonomously collected data, without human supervision. One learning signal that is always available for autonomously collected data is prediction: if a robot can learn to predict the future, it can use this predictive model to take actions to produce desired outcomes, such as moving an object to a particular location. However, in complex open-world scenarios, designing a representation for prediction is difficult. In this work, we instead aim to enable self-supervised robotic learning through direct video prediction: instead of attempting to design a good representation, we directly predict what the robot will see next, and then use this model to achieve desired goals. A key challenge in video prediction for robotic manipulation is handling complex spatial arrangements such as occlusions. To that end, we introduce a video prediction model that can keep track of objects through occlusion by incorporating temporal skip-connections. Together with a novel planning criterion and action space formulation, we demonstrate that this model substantially outperforms prior work on video prediction-based control. Our results show manipulation of objects not seen during training, handling multiple objects, and pushing objects around obstructions. These results represent a significant advance in the range and complexity of skills that can be performed entirely with self-supervised robotic learning.
Fast multi-parameter anisotropic full waveform inversion with irregular shot sampling (2014)

Summary The goal of full waveform inversion (FWI) is to derive high-fidelity earth models for seismic imaging by fitting the acquired data. One of the major drawback of FWI is that it is highly compute-intensive. In this paper, we propose a fast multi-parameter FWI to dramatically reduce the computation cost. Considering the often significant numbers of sources (and receivers) in 3D seismic data acquisition, we propose a method to largely reduce the simulation time per iteration by using a reasonably small subset of sources instead of the full volume. We choose the subset by randomly picking a number of sequential sources, designed to follow an irregular sampling pattern. This subset will be re-selected and different at each iteration and needs to be sufficiently sampled to avoid artifacts. The results achieved from this subsampling approach are comparable to the conventional method, with a highly reduced computation cost at each iteration. Our forward modeling and its adjoint computation are based on the acoustic wave equation in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media and our target model includes three parameters that are P-wave velocity and Thomsen's anisotropy parameters (epsilon and delta). During the iterative process of the multiparameter FWI, we update three parameters simultaneously at each iteration. Multi-parameter VTI FWI does not require any extra wavefield computation than mono-parameter VTI FWI. Hense it is more efficient and speeds up the process if our target model includes more than one parameter. This paper presents the time domain implementation for a fast multi-parameter VTI FWI. This approach will be illustrated on 3D marine data from the Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico.
Characterization of Several Kinds of Dimer Minizyme: Simultaneous Cleavage at Two Sites in HIV-1 Tat mRNA by Dimer Minizymes (1996)

A minizyme is a hammerhead ribozyme with short oligonucleotide linkers instead of stem-loop II. In a previous study we demonstrated that a minizyme with high activity forms a dimeric structure with a common stem II. Because of their dimeric structure, minizymes are potentially capable of cleaving a substrate at two different sites simultaneously. In order to examine the properties of different kinds of minizyme, we constructed a number of minizymes with short oligonucleotide linkers (2-5 bases) instead of stem-loop II and examined their cleavage activities against HIV-1 tat mRNA. Analyses of melting curves, as well as Arrhenius plots, revealed that, in general, the longer the oligonucleotide linkers, the more stable and more active were the dimer minizymes. All minizymes examined cleaved the target substrate at two sites simultaneously. The activity of the dimer minizyme with a 5 nt linker was higher than that of the parental hammerhead ribozyme because the latter full-sized ribozyme was able to cleave at one site only.
Design and Development of RF Structures for Linac4 (2006)

Linac4 is a new 160 MeV Hâ linac proposed at CERN to replace the 50 MeV Linac2 as injector to the PS Booster, with the goal of doubling its brightness and intensity. The present design foresees after RFQ and chopping line a sequence of three accelerating structures: a Drift Tube Linac (DTL) from 3 to 40 MeV, a Cell-Coupled DTL (CCDTL) to 90 MeV and a Side Coupled Linac (SCL) up to the final energy. The DTL and CCDTL operate at 352 MHz, while in the SCL the frequency is doubled to 704 MHz. Although the injection in the PS Booster requires only a low duty cycle, the accelerating structures are designed to operate at the high duty cycle required by a possible future extension to a high-power linac driver for a neutrino facility. This paper presents the different accelerating structures, underlining the progress in the design of critical resonator elements, like post-couplers in the DTL, coupling slots in the CCDTL and bridge couplers for the SCL. Prototyping progress for the different structures is reported, including the RF design of a DTL tank prototype and results of low- and high-power tests on a CCDTL prototype.
Scaling of Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

Light emission from carbon nanotubes is expected to be dominated by excitonic recombination. Here we calculate the properties of excitons in nanotubes embedded in a dielectric, for a wide range of tube radii and dielectric environments. We find that simple scaling relationships give a good description of the binding energy, exciton size, and oscillator strength.
Methods for the Assessment of Barrier Function (2016)

Due to the ease of skin accessibility, a large variety of invasive and noninvasive in vitro and in vivo methods have been developed to study barrier function. The measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is most widely used in clinical studies. The different methods of determining TEWL, as well as skin hydration, skin pH, tape stripping and other modern less widely used methods to assess skin barrier function, are reviewed, including Raman spectroscopy and imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography and laser scanning microscopy. The modern imaging methods are important developments in the last decades which, however, determine the structure and, hence, cannot replace the measurement of TEWL in questions related to function.
Adamson′s Fringe, Horatio George Adamson, and Kligman′s experiments and observations on Tinea capitis (2011)

Adamson's fringe is located at the upper margin of the keratogenous zone of the hair follicle where the nucleated hair shaft cornifies completely and gets converted to hard anucleated keratin. It marks also the area of complete keratinization of the cuticle and Henle's layer of the inner root sheath and the beginning of the stem of the follicle. In Tinea capitis, dermatophytic infection of the hair shaft is restricted to this zone and the fungi do not penetrate further down the infected hair in the bulb of the follicle. The fungi in Adamson's words form "a fringe of mycelium surrounding the hair shaft and project below the lower margin of the sheath of spores around the root-stem." Horatio George Adamson (1865--1955), a British dermatologist first described this phenomenon, in 1895, and this article describes Adamson's fringe with a short biography of Adamson and discusses Kligman's experiments and observations on Tinea capitis which validated the observations of Adamson and the concept of Adamson's Fringe and described the pathogenesis in Tinea capitis.
Lower and upper bounds of cutoff frequencies in metallic waveguides (1992)

It is shown how the upper and lower bounds of the cutoff frequencies of TE and TM modes in many waveguides bounded by metallic lossless walls and which may be hollow or comprise one or more inner conductors can be computed using two independent methods. The methods are applicable whenever the cross-section of the waveguide can be split up into several regions bounded by lines having a fixed coordinate. The theory is illustrated with reference to a rectangular coaxial line.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>