gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer processing for deriving drop‐size distributions and vertical air velocities from VHF Doppler radar spectra (1990)

A fully automated data processing procedure has been developed for deriving the precipitation parameters from VHF Doppler radar spectra simultaneously with the background atmospheric parameters such as the mean wind velocity. The procedure has largely enhanced our capability in analyzing the data from continuous observations, which was hardly possible with human‐attained analysis. The accuracy of the derived parameters are quantitatively evaluated by means of numerical simulations. It is found that the rain parameters can be determined with an accuracy of 15% at a time and height resolution of 10 min and 600 m, respectively, for high signal‐to‐noise ratios, for example. Parameters for the background atmospheric turbulence are estimated with an accuracy more than twice the fitting procedure currently used to analyze clear‐air data. Experimental results of the MU radar observations are compared with the rain intensity measured on the ground for the first time. It is confirmed that the radar has a capability of measuring rain parameters with a rainfall rate sensitivity of about 1 mm h −1 .
ELEMENTARY LINEAR ALGEBRA (1998)

1.1 Introduction to linear equations................. 1 1.2 Solving linear equations..................... 5 1.3 The Gauss–Jordan algorithm.................. 8
Antineoplastic Agents. 605. Isoquinstatins (2017)

In order to further explore quinoline-type structural modification of the powerful anticancer drug dolastatin 10, an Indian Ocean sea hare constituent and parent molecule of the very successful antibody drug conjugate (ADC) Adcetris, our recent quinstatin study has been extended by replacing the quinoline ring with an isoquinoline. The resulting isoquinstatins (4-6) were modified to N-terminal desmethylisoquinstatins (7-9) and, in turn, bonded to appropriate linker units to give linker-desmethylisoquinstatin conjugates 11-13 in preparation for eventual monoclonal antibody attachment. Comparison of the new isoquinstatins with their quinstatin counterparts against six human cancer cell lines indicated the isoquinstatins to have GI<sub>50</sub> values that were comparable to or somewhat higher than those of the isomeric quinstatins. However, desmethylisoquinstatin 5 (7) was significantly more potent than its desmethylquinstatin 5 analogue. When evaluated against quinstatin 8, its isoquinstatin 8 (6) counterpart was somewhat less potent. In general, the isoquinstatins evaluated proved to be quite strong cancer cell growth inhibitors.
Bone Densitometry in Clinical Practice (2009)

Bone densitometry is a fascinating field of medicine. Even in its earliest phases of development, densitometry incorporated aspects of imaging, physics, quantitative analysis, statistics, and computer technology that were applied in the diagnosis and management of multiple disease states. This extraordinary combination of attributes, however, left densitometry without a well-defined niche in clinical medicine. Imaging has traditionally been the purview of the radiologist. Quantitative analysis is more familiar to the pathologist. Metabolic bone disease has been the concern of the internist, rheumatologist, or endocrinologist and occasionally the nephrologist and orthopedist. And of course, physics, statistics, and computer technology have been left to those hardy souls who enjoy such things.
Characterization of hepatitis D virus genotype III among Yucpa Indians in Venezuela (2001)

The complete genome sequences of hepatitis D virus (HDV) strains isolated from three Yucpa Amerindians in Venezuela were determined and found to be genotype III. Comparison of these three genotype III sequences demonstrated the presence of a hypervariable region containing numerous substitutions, insertions/deletions and a highly conserved region containing the self-cleavage domains, which have been reported previously for genotypes I and II. Amino acid changes within the first 90 amino acids of the hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) were found in the genotype III sequences, while the remainder of the HDAg-coding sequence was conserved. The secondary structure for the RNA-editing site differed between genotypes I and III. It was concluded that the serious delta hepatitis outbreaks characterized epidemiologically in the Yucpa Amerindians were caused by HDV genotype III isolates that were related to HDV genotype III isolates from other regions of South America.
Evaluation of an adenosine 5'-triphosphate assay as a screening method to detect significant bacteriuria (1976)

The bioluminescent reaction of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) with luciferin and luciferase has been used in conjunction with a sensitive photometer (Lab-Line's ATP photometer) to detect significant bacteriuria in urine. This rapid method of screening urine specimens for bacteriuria was evaluated by using 348 urine specimens submitted to the clinical microbiology laboratory at the University of Minnesota Hospitals for routine culture using the calibrated loop-streak plate method. There was 89.4% agreement between the culture method and the ATP assay, with 7.0% false positive and 27.0% false negative results from the ATP assay using 10(5) organisms/ml of urine or greater as positive for significant bacteriuria and less than 10(5) organisms/ml as negative for significant bacteriuria.
CD4+CD28-T cells and diabetes mellitus (2009)

CD4+CD28-T cells are an unusual subset of T lymphocytes. The frequency of CD4+CD28-T cells are significantly higher in some immune diseases. CD4+CD28-T cells which were lacking of surface CD28 play exceptionally roles in immune dysfunction, exhibit autoreactivity and are resistant to apoptosis. The changes in amounts, function, and proportion disequilibrium between regulation T cells and CD4+CD28-T cells are correlated with the pathogcnesis and development of diabetes mellitus. To investigate the biological characteristics and function of CD4+CD28-T cells can provide theoretical basis in the immunopathogenesis, clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Key words: 
CD4+CD28-T cells; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic complications
Speech recognition based on a model of human auditory system (2002)

The paper deals with a new phoneme recognition system based on a model of human auditory system. This system is made up of a model of the human cochlea and a simple multilayer recurrent neural network which has feedback connections of self-loop type. The ability of this system has been investigated by a phoneme recognition experiment using a number of Japanese words uttered by a native male speaker. The result of the experiment shows that recognition accuracies achieved with this system in the presence of noise are higher than those obtained by a combination of frequency spectral analysis by DFT and a conventional feedforward neural network and that the cochlea model effectively prevents deterioration due to noise of recognition accuracy.
Expanding fuel flexibility of gas turbines (2005)

Gas turbines are continuous-flow engines that develop steady aerodynamics and flame kinetics. These features reduce the constraints placed on fuel properties for combustion and provide a considerable margin for clean combustion. In particular, heavy-duty gas turbines can operate on a large number of primary fuels that are available in many branches of the industry. These accessible fuels include natural gas (NG) and diesel fuel (DF), as well as a number of industry byproducts generated by the refining and petrochemical sectors, coal and oil and gas activities, steel and mining branches, and by the agricultural industry (biofuels). This fuel flexibility enhances the existing qualities demonstrated by gas turbines, such as efficiency, reliability, versatility in applications [mechanical drive, simple and combined cycle, combined heat and power (CHP)], strong integration potential [integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), gas to liquid (GTL)], and low emissions. As a result, gas turbines that use local fuel resources, synfuels or industrial byproducts — and are deployed in simple or combined cycles or in CHP units — can play a prominent role in the creation of reliable, clean, and energy-efficient power systems. This article provides the energy community with comprehensive information about alternative gas turbine (GT) fuels, covering volatile fuels [naphtha, natural gas liquid (NGL), condensates], weak gas fuels from the coal/iron industry [coalbed gas, coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG)], ash-forming oils, and hydrogen-rich byproducts from refineries or petrochemical plants. The main technical considerations essential to the success of alternative fuel applications are reviewed and key experience milestones are highlighted. A special emphasis is placed on the combustion of hydrogen in gas turbines.
Learning to interpret natural language commands through human-robot dialog (2015)

Intelligent robots frequently need to understand re-quests from naive users through natural language. Previous approaches either cannot account for lan-guage variation, e.g., keyword search, or require gathering large annotated corpora, which can be ex-pensive and cannot adapt to new variation. We in-troduce a dialog agent for mobile robots that under-stands human instructions through semantic pars-ing, actively resolves ambiguities using a dialog manager, and incrementally learns from human-robot conversations by inducing training data from user paraphrases. Our dialog agent is implemented and tested both on a web interface with hundreds of users via Mechanical Turk and on a mobile robot over several days, tasked with understanding nav-igation and delivery requests through natural lan-guage in an office environment. In both contexts, We observe significant improvements in user satis-faction after learning from conversations. 1
A major myristylated substrate of protein kinase C and protein kinase C itself are differentially regulated during murine B- and T-lymphocyte development and activation. (1989)

The regulation and expression of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphomyristin C (PMC) (a principal substrate of PKC which is the major myristylated protein in lymphocyte and glioma lines that express it) in murine B and T lymphocytes were investigated. Both PMC and PKC are differentially regulated during T-cell development. The level of PMC expression is highest in CD4-8-, intermediate in CD4+8+, and lowest in J11d-, CD4, or CD8 single-positive thymocytes. PKC is equally expressed by all three thymic populations. In striking contrast to thymocytes, resting peripheral lymph node T cells and T-cell clones express little if any PMC and reduced levels of PKC. Neither PKC nor PMC is significantly induced upon the activation of lymph node T cells: treatment with anti-CD3 antibodies or anti-CD3 and interleukin-2 fails to induce PKC, whereas PMC is not induced by anti-CD3 alone and is only slightly induced by anti-CD3 and interleukin-2. In contrast to the situation with T cells, PMC and PKC are constitutively expressed at moderate levels in mature B cells. PMC is greatly increased in B-cell blasts generated by cross-linking the antigen receptor with anti-immunoglobulin. These results demonstrate that PMC and PKC are differentially regulated during the development and activation of B and T cells, suggesting that cellular events that rely upon PKC and PMC may differ during ontogeny and activation of different lymphocyte subsets.
Immune-mediated dormancy: an equilibrium with cancer (2008)

This brief review discusses the role of the immune system in tumor development, covering a history of cancer immunity and a summary of the concept of cancer immunoediting, including its three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. The latter half of this review then focuses specifically on the equilibrium phase, making note of previous work, suggesting that immunity might maintain cancer in a dormant state, and concluding with a description of a tractable mouse model unequivocally demonstrating that immunity can indeed hold preformed cancer in check. These findings form a framework for future studies aimed at validating immune-mediated cancer dormancy in humans with the hopes of devising new, immunotherapeutic strategies to treat established cancer.
Thermal monitoring of the myocardium under blood arrest preliminary study (2007)

A method for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging is presented. This method called Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) uses an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording time series of thermograms allows to calculate parametric images - distribution of the thermal time constant at the visible surface of the myocardium - correlated to the physiology state of tested tissues. In the experiment performed the blood arrest in the left ventricle (causing in longer period heart infarct) was generated by clamping the left anterior descending artery (LAD). During LAD occlusion the ADT procedure was applied using cooling external excitation source. In summary, the calculated time constant images provide data of the tested structure and functional information of myocardium infarct. This allows to track changes in blood flow in the myocardium and inspection of the quality of the intervention during cardiosurgical procedures.
The Impact of Neural Stem Cell Biology on CNS Carcinogenesis and Tumor Types (2011)

The incidence of gliomas is on the increase, according to epidemiological data. This increase is a conundrum because the brain is in a privileged protected site behind the blood-brain barrier, and therefore partially buffered from environmental factors. In addition the brain also has a very low proliferative potential compared with other parts of the body. Recent advances in neural stem cell biology have impacted on our understanding of CNS carcinogenesis and tumor types. This article considers the cancer stem cell theory with regard to CNS cancers, whether CNS tumors arise from human neural stem cells and whether glioma stem cells can be reprogrammed.
Proneurotrophins Require Endocytosis and Intracellular Proteolysis to Induce TrkA Activation (2008)

The uncleaved, pro-form of nerve growth factor (proNGF) functions as a pro-apoptotic ligand for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). However, some reports have indicated that proneurotrophins bind and activate Trk receptors. In this study, we have examined proneurotrophin receptor binding and activation properties in an attempt to reconcile these findings. We show that proNGF readily binds p75NTR expressed in HEK293T cells but does not interact with TrkA expressed under similar circumstances. Importantly, proNGF activates TrkA tyrosine phosphorylation, induces Erk and Akt activation, and causes PC12 cell differentiation. We show that inhibiting endocytosis or furin activity reduced TrkA activation induced by proNGF but not that induced by mature NGF and that proNGF123, a mutant form of NGF lacking dibasic cleavage sites in the prodomain, does not induce TrkA phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Therefore, endocytosis and cleavage appear to be prerequisites for proNGF-induced TrkA activity. We also found that proBDNF induces activation of TrkB in cerebellar granule neurons and that proBDNF cleavage by furin and metalloproteases facilitates this effect. Taken together, these data indicate that under physiological conditions, proneurotrophins do not directly bind or activate Trk receptors. However, endocytosis and cleavage of proneurotrophins produce processed forms of neurotrophins that are capable of inducing Trk activation.
Recent advances in developmental intervention for biologically vulnerable infants (1990)

With the dramatically increased survival of biologically vulnerable infants over the past two decades, there is heightened awareness and concern about the ultimate developmental and behavioral outcome of these graduates of intensive care. Developmental intervention approaches during this period have increasingly shifted in orientation from exclusively infant-focused to primarily family-focused. Comprehensive intervention programs now extend well beyond the hospital nursery into the home and community. Complex environmental impediments to even the best-designed interventions must be addressed in order to maximize developmental effectiveness.
FPGA-in-the-loop-simulations for dynamically reconfigurable applications (2009)

This contribution presents a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) design environment for FPGA-based systems. The presented tool-flow supports a two-stage verification process: A cycle-accurate HiL simulation using well-known simulation tools such as MATLAB/Simulink or Modelsim, and a real-time test using the target environment of the Design Under Test (DUT). The first stage allows an early verification of the DUT using a simulated environment, while the focus of the second stage is on monitoring internal states and I/Os of the DUT in operation, and on adjusting design parameters. All hardware and software interfaces required for both stages are generated individually and automatically by our tool-flow. The demo shows the benefits of using the presented HiL framework for applications targeting dynamic hardware reconfiguration. As an example, a two-controller system for an inverted pendulum is presented, where either a real system or an FPGA-based model combined with an augmented reality 3D animation can be used.
Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Co-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> Powders Synthesized by the Coprecipitation Technique (2007)

We have used the coprecipitation technique to synthesize polycrystalline Co-doped SnO2 diluted magnetic semiconductors with Co concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 2.0%. X-ray diffraction patterns showed for all samples the expected SnO2 tetragonal structure with no additional peaks corresponding to parasitic phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) did not indicate the presence of magnetic parasitic phases and confirmed that Co ions are uniformly distributed inside the samples. Optical absorption measurements showed an energy band gap which decreases when increasing the Co concentration. Raman spectroscopy shows an intensity loss of classical cassiterite SnO2 vibration lines, which is an indication of significant structural modifications and disorder of the SnO2 lattice. Magnetization measurements revealed a mixture of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic behavior for Co-doped SnO2 with no sign of ferromagnetism.
Method for Distinguishing Specific from Nonspecific Protein−Ligand Complexes in Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A new methodology for distinguishing between specific and nonspecific protein-ligand complexes in nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoES-MS) is described. The method involves the addition of an appropriate reference protein (P(ref)), which does not bind specifically to any of the solution components, to the nanoES solution containing the protein(s) and ligand(s) of interest. The occurrence of nonspecific protein-ligand binding is monitored by the appearance of nonspecific (P(ref) + ligand) complexes in the nanoES mass spectrum. Furthermore, the fraction of P(ref) undergoing nonspecific ligand binding provides a quantitative measure of the contribution of nonspecific binding to the measured intensities of protein and specific protein-ligand complexes. As a result, errors introduced into protein-ligand association constants, K(assoc), as determined with nanoES-MS, by nonspecific ligand binding can be corrected. The principal assumptions on which this methodology is based, namely, that the fraction of proteins and protein complexes that engage in nonspecific ligand binding during the nanoES process is determined by the number of free ligand molecules in the offspring droplets leading to gaseous ions and is independent of the size and structure of the protein or protein complex, are shown to be generally valid. The application of the method for the determination of K(assoc) for two protein-carbohydrate complexes, under conditions where nonspecific ligand binding is prevalent, is demonstrated.
Distinguishing between Closely Related Protein Kinases:  A Variation on the Bisubstrate Inhibitor Theme (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDistinguishing between Closely Related Protein Kinases: A Variation on the Bisubstrate Inhibitor ThemeXiongwei Yan, David S. Lawrence, Jackie D. Corbin, and Sharron H. FrancisView Author Information Department of Biochemistry The Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, New York 10461-1602 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee 37232Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 26, 6321–6322Publication Date (Web):July 3, 1996Publication History Received26 March 1996Published online3 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9609213https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9609213rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical specificity,Equilibrium constant,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Physical Interpretations of Curves Obtained through the Fabric Extraction Process for Handle Measurement (1992)

The major issues dealt with in this article are the possibility and principles of measuring multiple fabric properties with a single testing process, the fabric extraction method, which has been applied to handle measurement and evaluation. A theoretical model proposed by Alley is presented with some modifications to simulate the shape of the curve obtained using the fabric extraction method. Also, various approaches are used to explore the physical interpretations of the curve. Relations between fabric properties measured using the KES-F system and the data derived from the extraction curves are discussed so as to reveal specific practical meanings. An extraction curve can be characterized by five geometric features derived from that curve. These features can be treated as the indicators of fabric properties and are closely related to such properties as drape coefficient and crease recovery angle. The effects of fiber content and fabric construction on the shape of the curve are also demonstrated, indicating that the extraction method may be used for fabric identification or recognition.