gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF ULTRA-THIN FILM SILICON-ON-INSULATOR MOSFETs (2013)

State-of-the-Art devices are approaching to the performance limit of traditional MOSFET as the critical dimensions are shrunk. Ultrathin fully depleted Silicon-on-Insulator transistors and multi-gate devices based on SOI technology are the best candidates to become a standard solution to overcome the problems arising from such aggressive scaling. Moreover, the flexibility of SOI wafers and processes allows the use of different channel materials, substrate orientations and layer thicknesses to enhance the performance of CMOS circuits. From the point of view of simulation, these devices pose a significant challenge. Simulations tools have to include quantum effects in the whole structure to correctly describe the behavior of these devices. The Multi-Subband Monte Carlo (MSB-MC) approach constitutes today's most accurate method for the study of nanodevices with important applications to SOI devices. After reviewing the main basis of MSB-MC method, we have applied it to answer important questions which remain open regarding ultimate SOI devices. In the first part of the chapter we present a thorough study of the impact of different Buried OXide (BOX) configurations on the scaling of extremely thin fully depleted SOI devices using a Multi-Subband Ensemble Monte Carlo simulator (MS-EMC). Standard thick BOX, ultra thin BOX (UTBOX) and UTBOX with ground plane (UTBOX+GP) solutions have been considered in order to check their influence on short channel effects (SCEs). The simulations show that the main limiting factor for downscaling is the DIBL and the UTBOX+GP configuration is the only valid one to downscale SGSOI transistors beyond 20 nm channel length keeping the silicon slab thickness above the theoretical limit of 5 nm, where thickness variability and mobility reduction would play an important role. In the second part, we have used the multisubband Ensemble Monte Carlo simulator to study the electron transport in ultrashort DGSOI devices with different confinement and transport directions. Our simulation results show that transport effective mass, and subband redistribution are the main factors that affect drift and scattering processes and, therefore, the general performance of DGSOI devices when orientation is changed
Battery-Aware Embedded GPS Receiver Node (2007)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of an ultra low power embedded GPS receiver node for use in remote monitoring situations where battery life is of the utmost importance. The power consumed by a GPS radio is high when compared to other typical components of sensor networks. We offer several hardware and software solutions to prolong the battery life while preserving a required GPS tracking precision. A standard SiRF trickle mode, available on some of the latest chipsets switches between the full power and a single fixed duty cycle. If the fixed duty cycle is set too low, trickle mode causes too many signal drops; if set too high, consumes too much energy. Adding a low-power microcontroller allows us to dynamically change the operation mode by setting the duty cycle in relatively small steps, based on a set of less stringent and application dependant set of rules. In addition, an accelerometer is used as an energy efficient way of detecting that the object or person carrying the GPS is not moving. This allows the GPS-equipped node to switch to the lowest possible power consumption mode that still allows for fast restarts. Several hardware and software design aspects are explored and several measurements comparing system performance to commercially available products are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the system.
Dual band UHF-GPS folded monopole antenna (2007)

In this paper,an integrated dual frequency band antenna operating at UHF and GPS for portable radio is achievable using the coaxial folded type of monopole. This folded monopole antenna has good return loss and provided good gain at UHF and GPS frequency band. By using this folded monopole antenna, it eliminates the requirement to have two different discrete antennas to be used in a single portable radio.
X-Stream (2013)

X-Stream is a system for processing both in-memory and out-of-core graphs on a single shared-memory machine. While retaining the scatter-gather programming model with state stored in the vertices, X-Stream is novel in (i) using an edge-centric rather than a vertex-centric implementation of this model, and (ii) streaming completely unordered edge lists rather than performing random access. This design is motivated by the fact that sequential bandwidth for all storage media (main memory, SSD, and magnetic disk) is substantially larger than random access bandwidth.
Highly Efficient Preparation of Cyclic Dinucleotides via Engineering of Dinucleotide Cyclases in Escherichia coli (2019)

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are widely used secondary signaling molecules in bacterial and mammalian cells. The family of CDNs includes c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and two distinct versions of hybrid cGAMPs. Studies related to these CDNs require large doses that are relatively expensive to generate by current methods. Here we report what to our knowledge is the first feasible microbial-based method to prepare these CDNs including c-di-GMP, 3'3'-cGAMP and 2'3'-cGAMP. The method mainly includes two parts: producing high yield of CDNs by engineering the overexpression of the proper dinucleotide cyclases (DNCs) and other related proteins in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and purifying the bacteria-produced CDNs by a unified and simple process involving a STING affinity column, macroporous adsorption resin and C18 reverse-phase liquid chromatography. After purification, we obtained the diammonium salts of c-di-GMP, 3'3'-cGAMP and 2'3'-cGAMP with weight purity of >99, >96, >99% and in yields of >68, >26, and >82 milligrams per liter of culture, respectively. This technological platform enables the production of CDNs from cheaper material, provides a sustainable source of CDNs for scientific investigation, and can easily be further developed to prepare CDNs on a large scale for industry.
Multi-bit upsets in 65nm SOI SRAMs (2008)

We study multi-bit upsets (MBU) in 65 nm SOI SRAMs. Proton beam and thorium foil experiments demonstrate that SOI SRAMs have lower soft error rate than bulk SRAMs. Monte Carlo SER simulations show that SOI SRAMs have a lower fraction of MBU than bulk SRAMs. The probability of MBU correlates with the spacing of sensitive devices in neighboring cells.
Question of instrumental artifact in linear sweep voltammetry with positive feedback ohmic drop compensation (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuestion of instrumental artifact in linear sweep voltammetry with positive feedback ohmic drop compensationEugene E. WellsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 1, 87–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60296a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60296a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced CVSD--An Embedded speech coder for 64-16 kbps (2005)

A data stream from an embedded speech coder has one or more slower data streams included. If part of the high rate data stream is discarded, the slower remaining data can be used to produce a decoded speech signal. Several embedded schemes have been developed for various rate ranges. The system described in this report covers the range from 16 to 64 kbps. At the lowest rate the coder produces a 16 kbps CVSD (continuously variable slope delta modulation) data stream compatible with standard CVSD equipment. At 32, 48 and 64 kbps the coder includes a 2, 4 or 6 bit encoding of the CVSD difference signal at an 8 kHz sample rate. At these higher rates the backbone CVSD decoder output is augmented by the 2, 4 or 6 bit difference to produce an 8 kHz sample output.
Developments in UK cable-installation techniques to take account of environmental thermal resistivities (1975)

Accounts are given of the authoritative and novel recommendations concerning the current ratings of distribution cables which were promulgated by the ERA in 1969, and of the manner in which long-established rating and installation practices for transmission cables were transformed during the period 1962–1968. The second of those two accounts is preceded by a description of the evolution, composition and characteristics of the special backfills introduced during that period, provision of which is now obligatory for all buried CEGB transmission circuits.Attention is drawn to the dearth of information on the extent to which the latest ERA recommendations are being implemented; it is suggested that consideration should now be given to the possibility of wider application of some techniques now peculiar to one or other of the two main fields.
Flow injection potentiometric determination of phosphate in waste waters and fertilisers using a cobalt wire ion-selective electrode (1998)

Flow injection potentiometric (FIP) determinations of dihydrogenphosphate (H2PO4–) in fertilisers and waste waters were undertaken using a cobalt wire phosphate ion selective electrode (ISE). The cobalt wire electrode was used in the FIP determination of phosphate in a carrier containing 4 × 10–2 mol l–1 potassium hydrogenphthalate at pH 5. The FIP technique was validated for fertiliser and waste water samples against standard spectrophotometric methods of analysis. The experimental data demonstrated that FIP is a highly selective and accurate technique for the determination of phosphate in fertilisers [i.e., the FIP and spectrophotometric data compare to within a few per cent (relative)]. A significant chloride interference occurs in waste water samples; however, this problem can be eradicated by using the chloride selectivity coefficient, and chloride concentrations determined independently using ion-selective electrode potentiometry. The discrepancy between corrected FIP and spectrophotometric data for phosphate in waste waters is generally ±5% (relative). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) results suggest that the cobalt oxide surface film of the electrode is dissolved in phosphate media, facilitating the corrosion process that regulates the response of the cobalt wire electrode. It has been found that the EIS response of the cobalt wire electrode is dependent on both the pH and phosphate content of the solution. A charge-transfer reaction mechanism, and accompanying Nernst equation, have been proposed to explain the phosphate response of the cobalt wire electrode.
Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene from tomato (1990)

In plants, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR, EC 1.1.1.34) is a key enzyme regulating biosynthesis of phytosterols, plant growth regulators, carotenoids, antimicrobial defense compounds, and numerous other isoprenoids. To initiate molecular studies of HMGR in relation to defense responses in plants, we utilized yeast HMGR cDNA sequences to isolate tomato genomic sequences encoding HMGR. The nucleic acid sequence and gene structure was determined. The tomato HMGR gene (HMG2) contains four exons separated by three introns and encodes a polypeptide of 602 amino acid residues (about 64,714 Da). Two membrane-spanning regions are contained in the NH₂-terminus of the HMGR polypeptide. The COOH-terminus shares significant homology with HMGR sequences from different species. Genomic Southern hybridization analyses reveals that tomato contains 3 to 4 HMGR genes. The HMGz2 gene cross-hybridizes to mRNA of about 2.7 kb which is highly induced in tomato cells treated with fungal elicitors and in stems, leaves, or roots stressed by wounding suggesting that the HMGz2 is a defense-related gene in tomato. Hybridization with a gene specific probe indicates that the HMG2 gene is induced specifically during defense responses and is distinct from the gene(s) expressed during fruit development and ripening.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> Generation and Electrophilic Addition Reactions of the Elements of 'XF' (1973)

Addition of the elements of 'IF' and of 'BrF' to alkenes can be effected by the in situ generation of these electrophiles from the halogen-AgF. For cyclohexene, 3,3,6,6-tetradeuterocyclohexene, methylenecyclohexane, styrene, and indene, these reactions are simple. However, for acenaphthylene, halogen–fluorine exchange and other reactions make the overall reaction quite complex. Electrophilic addition reactions for 1-fluoro-acenaphthylene are also described. The n.m.r. spectra of many of the products are given and discussed in some detail.
Anophelin:  Kinetics and Mechanism of Thrombin Inhibition (1999)

Anophelin is a 6.5-kDa peptide isolated from the salivary gland of Anopheles albimanus that behaves as an alpha-thrombin inhibitor. In this paper, kinetic analyses and the study of mechanism of alpha-thrombin inhibition by anophelin were performed. Anophelin was determined to be a reversible, slow, tight-binding inhibitor of alpha-thrombin, displaying a competitive type of inhibition. The binding of anophelin to alpha-thrombin is stoichiometric with a dissociation constant (K(i)) of 5.87 +/- 1.46 pM, a calculated association rate constant (k(1)) of 2.11 +/- 0.06 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1), and a dissociation rate constant (k(-1)) of 4.05 +/- 0.97 x 10(-4) s(-1). In the presence of 0.15 and 0.4 M NaCl, a 17.6- and 207-fold increase in the K(i) of anophelin-alpha-thrombin complex was observed, respectively, indicating that ionic interactions are important in anophelin-alpha-thrombin complex formation. Incubation of alpha-thrombin with C-terminal hirudin fragment 54-65 that binds to alpha-thrombin anion binding exosite 1 (TABE1) attenuates alpha-thrombin inhibition by anophelin; anophelin also blocks TABE1-dependent trypsin-mediated proteolysis of alpha-thrombin. Using gamma-thrombin, an alpha-thrombin derivative where the anion binding exosite has been disrupted, anophelin behaves as a fast and classical competitive inhibitor of gamma-thrombin hydrolysis of small chromogenic substrate (K(i) = 0. 694 +/- 0.063 nM). In addition, anophelin-gamma-thrombin complex formation is prevented by treatment of the enzyme with D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK), a reagent that irreversibly blocks the catalytic site of thrombin. It is concluded that anophelin is a potent dual inhibitor of alpha-thrombin because it binds both to TABE1 and to the catalytic site, optimal binding being dependent on the availability of both domains. Finally, anophelin inhibits clot-bound alpha-thrombin with an IC(50) of 45 nM and increases the lag phase that precedes explosive in vitro alpha-thrombin generation after activation of intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Because of its unique primary sequence, anophelin may be used as a novel reagent to study the structure and function of alpha-thrombin.
Light-dependent effects of magnetic fields on nitric oxide activation in the land snail (1999)

The attenuation of opioid analgaesia is a well established effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields with light having a modulatory role in these effects such that when the ELF exposures are carried out in the dark, the inhibitory effects on analgesia are reduced. Here, we considered the light dependency of the effects of exposure to an ELF magnetic field prior to the induction of opioid analgesia. Brief exposure to a 60 Hz field potentiated in a light dependent manner the inhibitory effects of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine on the level of subsequent opioid-induced analgesia in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis. This suggests a general light dependency of the actions of magnetic fields and the involvement of NO in the mediation of the effects of magnetic fields.
Duration of vaginal retention and potential duration of antiviral activity for five nonoxynol-9 containing intravaginal contraceptives (1999)

The best vehicle for retaining nonoxynol-9 in the vagina appears to be foam. Further research in the effectiveness of nonoxynol-9 in prevention of the spread of HIV infection should be directed toward the use of foam vehicles to deliver nonoxynol-9 to the vagina.
A new approach to fault-tolerance in linear analog systems based on checksum-coded state space representations (2003)

An approach to designing fault-tolerant linear analog system based on checksum-coded state-space representations of these systems is described. It is assumed that under fault, the values of the resistors and capacitors of the analog circuits are different from their fault-free values. Some shorts and opens and faults in the operational amplifiers are corrected as long as the faulty circuit behaves as a linear system. The hardware overhead is virtually constant irrespective of the circuit size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A convenient synthesis of carbon labeled adenine nucleotides: Adenosine‐2‐<sup>13</sup>C 5′ ‐phosphate (1981)

Abstract Treatment of adenosine 5′‐phosphate 1‐oxide with base gave 5‐amino‐1‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosylimidazole‐4‐carboxamidoxime 5′‐ phosphate. Catalytic reduction of this amidoxime gave the versatile intermediate, 5‐amino‐1‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosylimidazole‐ 4‐carboxamidine 5′‐phosphate. Condensation of this nucleo‐ tide with formaldehyde‐ 13 C in the presence of palladium provided a simple preparation of adenosine‐2‐ 13 C 5′‐phosphate.
Potential of microporous metal–organic frameworks for separation of hydrocarbon mixtures (2016)

In the process industries, the separation of mixtures of hydrocarbons is important both for the preparation of feedstocks and for use as end products.
Ruminal biohydrogenation of linoleoyl methionine and calcium linoleate in sheep (1992)

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Hampshire wethers were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to determine whether linoleoyl methionine and calcium linoleate would increase duodenal flow of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 + cis C18:1). All animals received the same basal diet plus a treatment enclosed in gelatin capsules that were placed directly in the rumen. Of the four experimental treatments, one was a control (empty capsules) and three were 5 g of fatty acid equivalent as either free linoleic acid, calcium linoleate, or linoleoyl methionine. Linoleoyl methionine had the lowest ruminal disappearance of C18:2 + cis C18:1. Ruminal loss of unsaturated fatty acids from each supplement exclusive of feed unsaturated fatty acids was 69.8, 92.9, and 94.6% for linoleoyl methionine, free linoleic acid, and calcium linoleate, respectively. Duodenal flow of methionine also was higher for linoleoyl methionine than for control, free linoleic acid, or calcium linoleate (2.5, 1.7, 2.0, and 2.5 g/d, respectively). Plasma linoleic acid was higher for linoleoyl methionine than for control or free linoleic acid but was not different from calcium linoleate (22.0, 17.8, 18.9, and 20.2% of total fatty acids, respectively). Plasma methionine levels were not different among treatments. Intestinal disappearance of unsaturated fatty acids did not differ among treatments. Linoleoyl methionine resisted ruminal biohydrogenation and was digested normally in the intestine. Calcium linoleate did not escape biohydrogenation by ruminal bacteria.
Addressing link-level design tradeoffs for integrated photonic interconnects (2011)

Integrated photonic interconnects have emerged recently as a potential solution for relieving on-chip and chip-to-chip bandwidth bottlenecks for next-generation many-core processors. To help bridge the gap between device and circuit/system designers, and aid in understanding of inherent photonic link tradeoffs, we present a set of link component models for performing interconnect design-space exploration connected to the underlying device and circuit technology. To compensate for process and thermal-induced ring resonator mismatches, we take advantage of device and circuit characteristics to propose an efficient ring tuning solution. Finally, we perform optimization of a wavelength-division-multiplexed link, demonstrating the link-level interactions between components in achieving the optimal degree of parallelism and energy-efficiency.
Introduction to Educational Psychology by Remmers, H. H., Ryden, Einar R., and Morgan, Clellen L. Harper and Brothers, 420 pp. $4.00 (1955)

"Introduction to Educational Psychology by Remmers, H. H., Ryden, Einar R., and Morgan, Clellen L. Harper and Brothers, 420 pp. $4.00." , 19(2), pp. 245–246
Detection of different interleukin-1 activities in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. (1986)

Culture supernatants from normal human monocytes, monocyte hybrid cell lines, and myelomonoblastic cell lines were tested for human interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. In the present study, we report the detection of IL-1 secreted by several cell lines of monocyte origin and compare their biological and biochemical characteristics. IL-1 activity was tested by the regular assay of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of mouse thymus cells. IL-1 was found to be constitutively secreted by U937 and the M20 cell lines, as well as by three of the monocyte hybrid cell lines. The activity was always augmented following dialysis and did not require the presence of serum for its secretion. We compared the IL-1 activity of the myelomonoblastic M20 and hybrid 1C4 cell lines to that of normal monocytes. We found differences in the kinetics of IL-1 secretion, the pattern of activity following dilution of concentrated supernatants, and augmentation of activity by various inducers. The differences described may be explained by concomitant secretion of IL-1 inhibitory factors, as well as the secretion of activities other than IL-1. Preliminary biochemical analysis showed that all three cell sources tested shared some species of molecules characterized by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. However, some species of molecules expressing IL-1 activity were unique to the cell lines and were not found in normal monocytes.