gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depolarization properties of offset reflector antennas (1973)

The cross polarized radiation for linearly polarized excitation and the beam displacement for circularly polarized excitation have been investigated for offset reflector antennas. Numerical calculations are given to illustrate the dependence upon the angle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta_{0}</tex> between the feed axis and the reflector axis as well as upon the half-angle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta_{c}</tex> subtended at the focus by the reflector. In the case <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\theta_{0} = \theta_{c} = 45\deg</tex> , measured results have been obtained for both linearly and circularly polarized excitations with a dual mode feed illuminating an offset paraboloid. The cross polarized radiation of horn reflector and open Cassegrainian antennas rises sharply to rather high values off the beam axis; however, in general, the maximum cross polarized radiation of offset reflector antennas can be made small by using a small angle between the feed and reflector axes. The cross polarization caused by offset is compared with that caused by an unbalanced feed pattern. The effect of the longitudinal current distribution and of departure of the surface from a paraboloid on cross polarization are also examined. The clarification of these cross polarization properties is found to be valuable in the design of reflector antennas.
Effect of Some Natural Extracts on Growth and Chemical Constituents of Schefflera arboricola Plants (2012)

This investigation had been carried out at the Ornamental Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt and Ornamental Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt under a shade net house in the nursery in the two seasons of 2007–2008 and 2008–2009, in order to investigate the effect of some natural extracts on the growth and some chemical constituents of Schefflera arboricola. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: The highest values of plant height, stem diameter, dry weight of leaves/plant, leaf area, total carbohydrates and N contents were obtained with garlic extract followed by yeast extract, then aloe extract and finally henna extract in the two seasons. Also in the first season, the highest values of leaves fresh weight/plant were obtained with garlic extract, followed by yeast extract then aloe extract and finally henna extract; whereas in the second season the highest values of previous parameters were resulted in garlic extract followed by yeast extract, then henna extract and finally aloe extract. As well as, the highest values of leaves fresh weight/plant were obtained with garlic extract followed by aloe extract then yeast extract and finally henna extract in both seasons, thus application of garlic extract resulted in the highest values of all recorded characters. Whereas the lowest values of all recorded characters were resulted in control treatment in both seasons. At the same time the highest values of all recorded parameters were obtained with using soil drench technique as compared with foliar spray method except fresh weight of leaves/plant in the first season. The interaction between any extract type and any methods of application increased all recorded parameters as compared with interaction between the control treatment and any methods of application. The highest values of all recorded characters were obtained with the interaction between garlic extract and soil drench technique in most cases.
Computations of Standard Binding Free Energies with Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2009)

An increasing number of studies have reported computations of the standard (absolute) binding free energy of small ligands to proteins using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and explicit solvent molecules that are in good agreement with experiments. This encouraging progress suggests that physics-based approaches hold the promise of making important contributions to the process of drug discovery and optimization in the near future. Two types of approaches are principally used to compute binding free energies with MD simulations. The most widely known is the alchemical double decoupling method, in which the interaction of the ligand with its surroundings are progressively switched off. It is also possible to use a potential of mean force (PMF) method, in which the ligand is physically separated from the protein receptor. For both of these computational approaches, restraining potentials may be activated and released during the simulation for sampling efficiently the changes in translational, rotational, and conformational freedom of the ligand and protein upon binding. Because such restraining potentials add bias to the simulations, it is important that their effects be rigorously removed to yield a binding free energy that is properly unbiased with respect to the standard state. A review of recent results is presented, and differences in computational methods are discussed. Examples of computations with T4-lysozyme mutants, FKBP12, SH2 domain, and cytochrome P450 are discussed and compared. Remaining difficulties and challenges are highlighted.
<i>In vivo</i> morphological characterisation of skin by MRI micro‐imaging methods (2004)

Combining MT and other MRI data employing other contrast mechanisms provides a superior non-invasive in vivo technique for visualisation and also quantitative assessment of the constituents of the stratum corneum, epidermis, papillary dermis, reticular dermis and hypodermis as major structural layers of the skin. This type of study can be extended to cutaneous disease states or skin ageing, where defects in water mobility, concentration and/or macromolecular structural changes are expected.
Optimization of a rapid test by using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens (1988)

A mixture of two fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to optimize a direct specimen test (Chlamydia Direct Specimen Test IF; Clonatec, Paris, France) for detection of chlamydial elementary bodies in clinical specimens. One MAb reacted with a subspecies-specific epitope of the major outer membrane protein (molecular weight 43,000) of Chlamydia trachomatis, whereas the other reacted with the periodate-sensitive genus-specific antigen (molecular weight 11,000) of Chlamydia spp. Nonfat dry milk was the most efficient additive at suppressing the fluorescent background and was included in the antibody preparation. Fc-dependent binding of fluorescein-conjugated MAbs to protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by addition of purified rabbit immunoglobulin. The Chlamydia Direct Specimen Test IF was compared with tissue culture isolation by using 309 genital specimens. The sensitivity and specificity were 77.4 and 98%, respectively.
LISP Replication Engineering (2015)

This document describes a method to build and optimize inter-domain
LISP router distribution trees for locator-based unicast and multicast
replication of EID-sourced multicast packets.
Software-Hardware Cooperative DRAM Bank Partitioning for Chip Multiprocessors (2010)

DRAM row buffer conflicts can increase the memory access latency significantly for single-threaded applications. In a chip multiprocessor system, multiple applications competing for DRAM will suffer additional row buffer conflicts due to interthread interference. This paper presents a new hardware and software cooperative DRAM bank partitioning method that combines page coloring and XOR cache mapping to evaluate the benefit potential of reducing interthread interference. Using SPECfp2000 as our benchmarks, our simulation results show that our scheme can boost the performance of the most benchmark combinations tested, with the speedups of up to 13%, 14% and 8.06% observed for two cores (with 16 banks), two cores (with 32 banks) and four cores (with 32 banks).
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacteria from Aviation Fuel Spill Site at Ibeno, Nigeria (2012)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria were isolated from aviation fuel contaminated soil at Inua Eyet Ikot in Ibeno, Nigeria. PAH-degrading bacteria in the contaminated soil were isolated by enrichment culture technique. Isolates with high PAH degrading potential characterized by their extensive growth on PAH-supplemented minimal salt medium were screened for their naphthalene, phenanthrene and chrysene degradability. The screening medium which contained selected PAHs as the sole source of carbon and energy showed that Micrococcus varians AFS-2, Pseudomonas putida AFS-3 and Alcaligenes faecalis AFS-5 exhibited a concentration-dependent growth in all the PAH-compounds tested. There were visible changes in the color of growth medium suggesting the production of different metabolites. Their acclimation to different PAH substrates was also evident as A. faecalis AFS-5 isolated from chrysene grew well on other less complex aromatic compounds. The isolate exhibited best growth (0.44 OD(600)) when exposed to 10 ppm of chrysene for 5 days and could utilize up to 90 ppm of chrysene. This isolate and others with strong PAH-degrading potentials are recommended for bioremediation of PAHs in aviation fuel-contaminated sites in the tropics.
Mipomersen, an Antisense Oligonucleotide to Apolipoprotein B-100, Reduces Lipoprotein(a) in Various Populations With Hypercholesterolemia (2015)

Mipomersen consistently and effectively reduced Lp(a) levels in patients with a variety of lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk. Modest correlations were present between apolipoprotein B-100 and Lp(a) lowering but the mechanistic relevance mediating Lp(a) reduction is currently unknown.
Testosterone treatments: why, when, and how? (2006)

Testosterone treatment is controversial for men and even more so for women. Although long-term outcome data are not available, prescriptions for testosterone are becoming more common. Testosterone is used primarily to treat symptoms of sexual dysfunction in men and women and hot flashes in women. Potential benefits include improved libido, increased bone mass, and increased sense of well-being. In individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other chronic diseases, testosterone has been shown to improve mood and energy levels, even in patients with normal testosterone levels. Testosterone can be administered by injection, patch, topical gel, pill, or implant. Side effects in men include polycythemia and acne. Side effects in women include acne, hepatotoxicity, and virilization and usually only occur when testosterone is used in supraphysiologic doses. Long-term studies of the effects of testosterone on prostate cancer, breast cancer, and heart disease have not been completed. Mammograms and monitoring of prostate-specific antigen, hematocrit, and lipid levels are recommended for patients taking testosterone.
Reconstructive surgery of the human tibia by use of external ring fixator and the Ilizarov method (2009)

This work is dedicated to the Biomechanics LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics RikshospitaletUniversity of OsloNorway and to the Head of the LaboratoryDr. Harald Steen, MD/Ph.DThe clinical work wi...
Supramolecular exciton chirality of carotenoid aggregates (2003)

The conventional organic chemistry concept of chirality relates to single molecules. This article deals with cases in which exciton chirality is generated by the interaction of associated carotenoids. The handed property responsible for exciton signals in these systems is due to the alignment of neighboring molecules held together by secondary chemical forces. Their mutual positions are characterized by the overlay angle. Experimental manifestation is obtained by spectroscopic studies on carotenoid aggregates. Compared to molecular spectra, both UV/visible and circular dichroism spectroscopic observations reveal modified absorption bands and induced Cotton effects of opposite sign (exciton couplets), respectively. A new term, "supramolecular exciton chirality," is suggested for these phenomena, allowing the detection of weak chemical interactions not readily accessible for experimental studies, although highly important in the mechanism of biological processes.
Assessment of lattice strain, rotation and dislocation content using electron back-scatter diffraction (2011)

Cross-correlation based analysis methods have been developed for electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns that improve the angular sensitivity to ∼10−4 rads. This enables EBSD to be used to study the much smaller misorientations and even local elastic strain fields that are typical in semiconducting materials. Mapping of the lattice rotations and elastic strain variations provides sufficient detail for quantitative analysis of the threading dislocation density through the Nye tensor. The analysis will be briefly described and applications given to GaN and Si/SiGe based systems. Measurements of tilt, twist and elastic strain variations in GaN layers on basal plane sapphire will be reported and compared to results for some epitaxial lateral over grown (ELOG) GaN samples. The effects of misfit interfacial dislocations on the spatial distribution of the full strain and rotation tensors in a partially relaxed SiGe layer will also be shown.
Clinical Efficacy of Topiramate as Add‐On Therapy in Refractory Partial Epilepsy: The European Experience (1997)

In three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled add-on European trials, target daily topiramate (TPM) dosages of 400, 600, and 800 mg/day (200, 300, and 400 mg bid) were evaluated in adults with refractory partial seizures with or without becoming secondarily generalized. Median reductions from baseline in monthly seizure rate were 41% with TPM 400 mg/day vs. 1% with placebo (n = 0.065), 46% with TPM 600 mg/day compared to -12% (a 12% increase) with placebo (p < or = 0.005), and 36% with TPM 800 mg/day versus -18% (an 18% increase) with placebo (p < 0.001). Differences between TPM and placebo with respect to percent responders (percent of patients demonstrating a 50% or greater reduction in seizures) significantly favored TPM (p < 0.05) at all three target dosages. Significant reductions in secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures compared to placebo were also observed with 400 mg/day (p = 0.002) and 800 mg/day (p < 0.05) of TPM. TPM appears to be a promising new antiepileptic drug for use as adjunctive therapy in adults with refractory partial epilepsy.
The Development of the Infant and Young Child: Normal and Abnormal (1974)

Five editions in 12 years clearly indicate that this has been a successful book, and the reasons for its success are clearly apparent in this fifth edition. First, it is a very practical book written from the perspective of an active pediatric clinician. It deals with those aspects of child development that are of direct applicability to medical practice and describes both what to do and how to interpret what has been done. Directions are clear and closely integrated with relevant photographic illustrations. Second, it is a very personal book. Illingworth gives<i>his</i>interpretation of what he has read and what he has seen in practice. The literature reviews, while quite extensive, are limited to what he has found useful and relevant. He has done the teacher's job of separating the wheat from the chaff, and he uses the active voice and the first person "I" without embarassment. The reader
Cross‐Linking and Degradation Properties of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (2008)

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) of poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) biocompatible, biodegradable polymer films were produced alone and cross-linked with ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA). Degree of cross-linking was controlled via manipulation of the EGDA flow rate, which influenced the amount of swelling and the extent of degradation of the films in an aqueous solution over time. Noncross-linked pHEMA films swelled 10% more than cross-linked films after 24 h of incubation in an aqueous environment. Increasing degree of film cross-linking decreased degradation over time. Thus, PECVD pHEMA films with variable cross-linking properties enable tuning of gel formation and degradation properties, making these films useful in a variety of biologically significant applications.
International Law and Relations - The Relation of War to Society. By Ludwig Renn. (Oxford University Press, Pp. 276. $2.50.) (1940)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Ripening of Catanionic Aggregates upon Dialysis (2008)

We have studied the dialysis of surfactant mixtures of two oppositely charged surfactants (catanionic mixture) by combining HPLC, neutron activation, confocal microscopy, and NMR. In mixtures of n-alkyl trimethylammonium halides and n-fatty acids, we have demonstrated the existence of a specific ratio between both surfactant contents (anionic/cationic almost equal to 2:1) that determines the morphology, the elimination of ions, and the elimination of the soluble cationic surfactant upon dialysis. In mixtures prepared with lower anionic surfactant contents, ill-defined aggregates are formed, and dialysis quickly eliminates the ion pairs (H+X-) formed upon surfactant association and also the cationic surfactant until a limiting 2:1 ratio is reached. By contrast, mixtures prepared above the anionic/cationic 2:1 ratio form micrometer-sized vesicles resistant to dialysis. These closed aggregates retain a significant number of ions (30%) over 1000 hours, and dialysis is unable to eliminate the soluble surfactant. The interactions between surfactants have been estimated by measuring the partitioning of the CTA molecules between the catanionic bilayer, the bulk solution, and mixed micelles when they exist. The mean extraction free energy per CTA in the membrane has been found to increase by 1 kBT to 2 kBT as the soluble surfactant is depleted from the bilayer, which is enough to stop the dialysis. The vesicles produced above the anionic/cationic 2:1 ratio are formed by frozen bilayers and are resistant to extensive dialysis and therefore show an interesting potential for encapsulation as far as durability is concerned.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with a Fluorinated Asymmetric Frame (1) (1990)

Abstract New ferroelectric liquid crystals with a fluorinated asymmetric frame were synthesized utilizing optically active S-(-)-2-fluoroalkanols prepared from R-(+)-1,2-epoxyalkanes with pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride), and their mesomorphic and physical properties (phase behavior, spontaneous polarization, response time) were studied. The biphenyl-phenyl derivatives of three-ring systems exhibited enantiotropic chiral smectic C phase in a broad temperature range (108°C-185°C). The phenyl benzoate of two-ring systems exhibited chiral smectic C phase at temperature relatively close to room temperature, and were found to possess the spontaneous polarization larger than 35 nC/cm2.
Organic and Biological Chemistry, Study Guide (1996)

Organic Chemistry: Saturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Thioalcohols. Aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Amines and Amides. Optical Isomerism. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Proteins. Enzymes, Hormones, and Neurotransmitters. Extracellular Fluids of the Body. Nucleic Acids. Biochemical Energetics. Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Metabolism of Lipids. Metabolism of Nitrogen Compounds. Nutrition. Appendix. Glossary. Index.
Definition of a physiologic aging autoantigen by using synthetic peptides of membrane protein band 3: localization of the active antigenic sites. (1990)

Senescent cell antigen (SCA), an aging antigen, is a protein that appears on old cells and marks them for removal by the immune system in mammals. It is derived from band 3, a ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in diverse cell types and tissues. We have used synthetic peptides to identify aging antigenic sites on band 3, using a competitive inhibition assay and immunoblotting with IgG directed against the aging antigen on old cells. Results indicate that: (i) the active antigenic sites of the aging antigen reside on membrane protein band 3 residues that are extracellular regions implicated in anion transport (residues 538-554 and 788-827); (ii) a putative ankyrin-binding-region peptide is not involved in SCA activity; and (iii) carbohydrate moieties are not required for the antigenicity or recognition of SCA because synthetic peptides alone abolish binding of senescent cell IgG to erythrocytes. One of the putative transport sites that contributes to the aging antigen is located toward the carboxyl terminus. A model of band 3 is presented. Localization of the active antigenic site on the band 3 molecule facilitates definition of the molecular changes occurring during aging that initiate molecular as well as cellular degeneration.
Accurate Modeling and Simulation for the Circuit Behavior of Si-Tip FEA (1997)

The empirical circuit model of FE device prc~posed in this paper represents the output I-V characteristic in the entire range of non-linear largc signal operation regime. The simulation results of Si-tip FED operation are presented for which the complete circuit model of FED is constructed with the parasitic effects such as photo-current and cathode capacitance taken into account. It is also shown that PWM is preferred to PAM for the driving scheme of Si-based FEA with its superior output responses insensitive to the parasitic effects.
Improving asymmetric printing and low margin using custom illumination for contact hole lithography (2006)

Perhaps the most challenging level to print moving beyond 65 nm node for logic devices is contact hole. Achieving dense to isolated pitches simultaneously in a single mask print requires high NA with novel low-k1 imaging techniques. In order to achieve the desired dense resolution, off axis illumination (OAI) techniques such as annular and quasar are necessary. This also requires incorporation of sub-resolution assist features for improved semidense to isolated contact margin. We have previously discussed design related issues revolving around asymmetric contact hole printing and misplacement associated with using extreme off axis illumination (OAI). While these techniques offer the appropriate dense margin needed, there are regions of severe asymmetric printing which are unsolvable using optical proximity correction (OPC). These regions are impossible to avoid unless design rule restrictions or new illumination schemes are implemented. We continue this work with discussions revolved around illumination choices for alleviating these regions without losing too much dense margin.
Functional analysis of an olfactory receptor in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2001)

Fifty nine candidate olfactory receptor (Or) genes have recently been identified in Drosophila melanogaster, one of which is Or43a. In wild-type flies, Or43a is expressed at the distal edge of the third antennal segment in about 15 Or neurons. To identify ligands for the receptor we used the Gal4/UAS system to misexpress Or43a in the third antennal segment. Or43a mRNA expression in the antenna of transformed and wild-type flies was visualized by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled probe. Electroantennogram recordings from transformed and wild-type flies were used to identify cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol as ligands for the Or43a. This in vivo analysis reveals functional properties of one member of the recently isolated Or family in Drosophila and will provide further insight into our understanding of olfactory coding.