gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Transformation of Outer Charge-Transfer Complexes to Inner Complexes<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Transformation of Outer Charge-Transfer Complexes to Inner Complexes1aS. N. Bhat and C. N. R. RaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 14, 3216–3219Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (515 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Marketing landscapes: the social context (1999)

Explores the relationship between marketing theory and marketing activity within the context of rural entrepreneurship. The key to unlocking our understanding the dynamics of this relationship was to use a number of qualitative techniques including participant observation and unstructured interviews. The study revealed two groupings of entrepreneurs – the locals and the cosmopolitans who operated in contrasting marketing landscapes thus questioning the universal application of a marketing theory which is not context specific.
A 94-GHz Millimeter-Wave Sensor for Speech Signal Acquisition (2013)

High frequency millimeter-wave (MMW) radar-like sensors enable the detection of speech signals. This novel non-acoustic speech detection method has some special advantages not offered by traditional microphones, such as preventing strong-acoustic interference, high directional sensitivity with penetration, and long detection distance. A 94-GHz MMW radar sensor was employed in this study to test its speech acquisition ability. A 34-GHz zero intermediate frequency radar, a 34-GHz superheterodyne radar, and a microphone were also used for comparison purposes. A short-time phase-spectrum-compensation algorithm was used to enhance the detected speech. The results reveal that the 94-GHz radar sensor showed the highest sensitivity and obtained the highest speech quality subjective measurement score. This result suggests that the MMW radar sensor has better performance than a traditional microphone in terms of speech detection for detection distances longer than 1 m. As a substitute for the traditional speech acquisition method, this novel speech acquisition method demonstrates a large potential for many speech related applications.
Automated Compression Device for Viscoelasticity Imaging (2016)

Noninvasive measurement of tissue viscoelastic properties is gaining more attention for screening and diagnostic purposes. Recently, measuring dynamic response of tissue under a constant force has been studied for estimation of tissue viscoelastic properties in terms of retardation times. The essential part of such a test is an instrument that is capable of creating a controlled axial force and is suitable for clinical applications. Such a device should be lightweight, portable, and easy to use for patient studies to capture tissue dynamics under external stress. In this paper, we present the design of an automated compression device for studying the creep response of materials with tissue-like behaviors. The device can be used to apply a ramp-and-hold force excitation for a predetermined duration of time and it houses an ultrasound probe for monitoring the creep response of the underlying tissue. To validate the performance of the device, several creep tests were performed on tissue-mimicking phantoms, and the results were compared against those from a commercial mechanical testing instrument. Using a second-order Kelvin-Voigt model and surface measurement of the forces and displacements, retardation times T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> were estimated from each test. These tests showed strong agreement between our automated compression device and the commercial mechanical testing system, with an average relative error of 2.9% and 12.4%, for T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Also, we present the application of compression device to measure local retardation times for four different phantoms with different size and stiffness.
Kinetic Effect of Silkworm Hemolymph on the Delayed Host Cell Death in an Insect Cell-Baculovirus System (1999)

The kinetic effect of silkworm hemolymph on host cell viability during a baculovirus-induced insect cell death process was investigated. Host cell viability after viral infection is important for replication of the baculovirus DNA containing a recombinant gene and expression of the cloned gene. The baculovirus-induced insect cell death process can be divided into a delay phase and a first-order death phase, which are characterized by a delay time (t(d)) and a specific death rate (k(d)), respectively. For 0-10% silkworm hemolymph in the media, higher concentrations resulted in longer delay times and lower specific death rates. By adding 10% silkworm hemolymph, the delay time increased from 72 to 164 h, and the specific death rate was reduced from 13.8 x 10(-)(3) to 6.0 x 10(-)(3) h(-)(1). In addition, host cell viability correlated with DNA fragmentation, which is the biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. This indicates that the silkworm hemolymph inhibits the baculovirus-induced insect cell apoptosis. However, the silkworm hemolymph did not affect the number of hypothetical targets, which represents host cell susceptibility to the baculovirus. The concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the medium did not affect the delay time, while lower concentrations of silkworm hemolymph resulted in shorter delay times. This means that the substance which increases the longevity of the host cell is not in the FBS but in the silkworm hemolymph.
Ion‐exchange membranes by sulfonation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films (1964)

Abstract Attempted sulfonation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) film results predominantly in reaction at the surface of the film owing to lack of penetration by the reagents. When the film is pre‐swollen with a wide range of liquids, however, sulfonation with oleum proceeds smoothly through the body of the film, and a flexible membrane of low electrical resistance is produced. The more important variables in the swelling and sulfonation steps have been investigated. Side reactions during the sulfonation lead to the introduction of carbonyl and ethylenic groupings into the polymer molecule. The latter grouping is assumed to be responsible for the lack of stability of the membrane towards oxidants.
Effect of changes in intrathoracic pressure on cardiac function at rest and during moderate exercise in health and heart failure (2011)

This study investigated the effect of changes in inspiratory intrathoracic pressure on stroke volume at rest and during moderate exercise in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) as well as healthy individuals. Stroke volume was obtained by echocardiography during 2 min of spontaneous breathing (S), two progressive levels of inspiratory unloading (UL1 and UL2) using a ventilator, and two progressive levels of inspiratory loading using resistors in 11 patients with HFREF (61 ± 9 years old; ejection fraction 32 ± 4%; NYHA class I-II) and 11 age-matched healthy individuals at rest and during exercise at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer. At rest, inspiratory unloading progressively decreased stroke volume index (SVI; S, 35.2 ± 5.4 ml m(-2); UL1, 33.3 ± 5.1 ml m(-2); and UL2, 32.2 ± 4.4 ml m(-2)) in healthy individuals, while it increased SVI (S, 31.4 ± 4.6 ml m(-2); UL1, 32.0 ± 5.9 ml m(-2); and UL2, 34.0 ± 7.2 ml m(-2)) in patients with HFREF (P = 0.04). During moderate exercise, inspiratory unloading decreased SVI in a similar manner (S, 43.9 ± 7.1 ml m(-2); UL1, 40.7 ± 4.7 ml m(-2); and UL2, 39.9 ± 3.7 ml m(-1)) in healthy individuals, while it increased SVI (S, 40.8 ± 6.5 ml m(-2); UL1, 42.8 ± 6.9 ml m(-2); and UL2, 44.1 ± 4. ml m(-2)) in patients with HFREF (P = 0.02). Inspiratory loading did not significantly change SVI at rest or during moderate exercise in both groups. It is concluded that inspiratory unloading improved SVI at rest and during moderate exercise in patients with HFREF, possibly due to a reduction in left ventricular afterload.
Optical Simulation of Light Source Devices Composed of Blue LEDs and YAG Phosphor (2003)

The optical structures and luminous properties of light source devices composed of blue LEDs and YAG phosphor were examined using optical simulation. Results showed that the reflection-type light source device had a high luminous flux over 1.5 times greater than the transmission-type light source device. This suggests that using light reflected from the phosphor is an effective way of obtaining high output from light sources composed of LEDs and phosphor.
Dynamics of Tumor Cell Killing by Human T Lymphocytes Armed With an Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen Chimeric Immunoglobulin T-Cell Receptor (2000)

Chimeric immunoglobulin T-cell receptors (IgTCR) join the antigen-binding portion of an antibody to one of the signaling chains of the TCR. A previous report described the construction and functional testing of an IgTCR gene directed against the carcinoembryonic tumor antigen (CEA). These preclinical studies showed the proper assembly and cell surface expression of anti-CEA IgTCR molecules, specific target antigen binding, and activation of T-cell effector functions. Although IgTCR-modified T cells function well in vitro, therapeutic applications in humans may be complicated by various factors, such as the availability of appropriate T-cell cytokines, high systemic levels of antagonistic soluble CEA, and antigenic diversity in tumor cell populations. The current study analyzes tumor cell killing by IgTCR-modified human T cells under conditions that more closely model those that may be encountered in persons with cancer. This analysis shows that 1) depriving IgTCR-modified T cells of interleukin-2 does not diminish anti-CEA cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, but does eliminate killing by lymphokine-activated killer cells; 2) high levels of soluble CEA do not significantly inhibit tumor cell killing even when approximately 80% of the chimeric receptors are blocked; and 3) CEA+ tumor cells that can down-regulate cell surface CEA evade immune destruction by IgTCR-modified T cells. These results have important implications for application strategies and protocol design considerations for early clinical testing of IgTCR anti-tumor therapies.
Easy mask-mold fabrication for combined nanoimprint and photolithography (2009)

Hybrid transparent working stamps with both a surface relief and absorbing mask pattern were fabricated by replicating nanostructures in an Ormostamp film on prepatterned glass substrates. By using a combined nanoimprint and photolithography process, self-aligned mixed patterns of nano- and microstructures can be generated within one single resist layer. In this article the authors present a simple process based on the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer Ormostamp by replication on prepatterned Borofloat substrates. Using these working stamps, grating arrays with 35 nm half pitch were replicated in thermoplastic UV-curable resist. The method is easy to employ for generating mesas with nanostructures on top or the backfilling with microstructures in thermal nanoimprint lithography applications.
Supramolecular Assemblies for the Cytoplasmic Delivery of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide:  Polyion Complex (PIC) Micelles Based on Poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-Oligodeoxynucleotide Conjugate (2005)

A novel cytoplasmic delivery system of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN) was developed by assembling a PEG-asODN conjugate with disulfide linkage (smart linkage) (PEG-SS-asODN) into polyion complex (PIC) micelles through the complexation with branched poly(ethylenimine) (B-PEI). The PIC micelle thus prepared showed a significant antisense effect against luciferase gene expression in HuH-7 cells, far more efficient than nonmicelle systems (asODN and PEG-SS-asODN in free form) and PIC micelle encapsulating the conjugate without the disulfide linkage. Use of poly(l-lysine) (PLL) instead of the B-PEI for PIC micellization led to a substantial decrease in the antisense effect. These results indicate that the PIC micelles formulated from PEG-SS-asODN conjugate and B-PEI is successfully transported from the endosomal compartment into the cytoplasm by the buffering effect of the B-PEI, releasing hundreds of active asODN molecules via cleavage of the disulfide linkage into the cellular interior, responding to a high glutathione concentration in the cytoplasmic compartment. Furthermore, the type of smart linkage (glutathione-sensitive SS linkage vs pH-sensitive linkage) in the conjugates substantially affected the antisense effect of the PIC micelles, depending on the nature of the counter polycation (B-PEI vs PLL).
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma among people with AIDS: Incidence, presentation and public health burden (1997)

We describe the anatomic and histologic presentation and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) among people with AIDS (PWA) and determine their contribution to the NHL burden. We linked AIDS and cancer registries in selected areas of the United States and compared NHL sites and histologies in PWA and non-PWA, after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity. Among 51,033 PWA, we found 2,156 cases of NHL (4.3%). Half of NHL cases occurring post-AIDS were not reported to AIDS registries. NHL was part of an AIDS-defining condition for 3.2% of all PWA; the relative risk of NHL with 3.5 years of another AIDS diagnosis was 165-fold compared to non-PWA within the cancer surveillance system. Of NHLs, 39% were high grade (vs. 12% among non-PWA), 60% were nodal (vs. 74% among non-PWA) and 15% had brain primaries (vs. 1% among non-PWA). Excluding brain sites, extranodal sites were still 20% more common than expected. Relative risk was elevated for all histologic types, with the risk ranging from 652-fold for high-grade diffuse immunoblastic tumors and 261-fold for Burkitt's lymphomas to 113 for intermediate-grade lymphoma to 14-fold for low-grade lymphoma. Survival among PWA with NHL was poor, and tumor grade had little impact. In high-risk AIDS areas, AIDS-related NHLs constitute a major share of the NHL burden. We conclude that NHL risk is considerably under-estimated in AIDS registry data. The major differences between PWA and non-PWA were the high frequency of brain lymphoma and the increase in high-grade lymphomas in PWA. However, the grade of NHL did not influence the prognosis among PWA with lymphoma. The increasing risk of NHL in PWA has contributed substantially to the general increase in NHL rates in the United States since 1981. Int. J. Cancer 73:645–650, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Schottky barrier height modulation by atomic dipoles at the silicide/silicon interface (2011)

We studied the behavior of boron (B) atoms around the nickel silicide (NiSi)/silicon (Si) interface through first-principles calculations. We found that B atoms, absorbed at the most stable substitutional sites on the Si side along the interface, dramatically reduce the Schottky barrier height (SBH) for a hole owing to atomic-scale electric dipoles generated between the ionized B atom and the induced image charge in the NiSi layer. We also found that this interface dipole generation leads to an increase of several orders of magnitude in the B solubility limit around the interface, enhancing SBH modulation. The possibility of interface atomic dipoles reducing the SBH was verified by both the observed B profiles and the measured $I$-$V$ characteristics of the B-implanted NiSi/Si Schottky diodes.
Morphological correlates of functional recovery in the chicken inner ear after gentamycin treatment (1993)

Newly hatched chickens were allowed to survive 6, 10, 15, and 20 weeks after 10 days of gentamycin sulfate treatment. Ultrastructural studies of hair cells and nerve terminals in the auditory receptor organ, the basilar papilla, were carried out with transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Attention was paid to absolute sensory cell (hair cell) numbers, stereocilia maturity and orientation, and reinnervation within a band 100 micron wide centered 1,100 microns from the basal end of the avian cochlea. Sensory cell numbers were equivalent to those of untreated control animals within the study area in the earliest survival group. Both immature and mature appearing hair cells were identified throughout the recovery period. However, the ratio of mature to immature hair cells gradually increased to exceed 95% at 20 weeks. Stereocilia bundle reorientation also occurred throughout the study period. Orientation was often abnormal at 6 weeks, but by 20 weeks more than 95% of the regenerated hair cells were aligned within normal limits established in the control ears. Hair cell differentiation occurring at 10-15 weeks was associated with degeneration of the afferent nerve receptor complexes commonly observed in 6 week survivors. These complexes were replaced by one or two small bouton shaped efferent terminals per cell. At 20 weeks, two or three chalice shaped vesiculated terminals were observed per cell in both the gentamycin treated and control ears. On the basis of these observations normal physiological activity would be predicted at 20 weeks following gentamycin treatment, at which time sensory cell repopulation, maturation, reorientation, and innervation approximates the normal anatomical condition.
The Effects of Laser-Induced Collagen Shortening on the Biomechanical Properties of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament Complex (1999)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of laser-induced collagen shortening on the biomechanical properties of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex. Fifty-seven bone-ligament-bone specimens underwent uniaxial tensioning to 10% strain. Approximately half of the specimens then underwent 10% shortening by lasing using a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Both groups were again tensioned to 10% strain, and then loaded to failure. Ultimate strain and yield strain were significantly higher in the lased specimens than in the nonlased specimens. No significant difference was found for ultimate stress, yield stress, or elastic modulus between the two groups. Failure of the ligament did not appear to occur in the lased areas. The load-to-failure results suggested that the strength of the ligament complex was not significantly compromised by this lasing protocol.
Phosphoglucomutase 1: a gene with two promoters and a duplicated first exon (1993)

In view of its central role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and its polymorphic genetic variability, the phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) gene in man has been the target of protein structural studies and genetic analysis for more than 25 years. We have now isolated genomic clones containing the complete PGM1 gene and have shown that it spans over 65 kb and contains 11 exons. We have also shown that the sites of the two mutations which form the molecular basis for the common PGM1 protein polymorphism lie in exons 4 and 8 and are 18 kb apart. Within this region there is a site of intragenic recombination. We have discovered two alternatively spliced first exons, one of which, exon 1A, is transcribed in a wide variety of cell types; the other, exon 1B, is transcribed in fast muscle. Exon 1A is transcribed from a promoter which has the structural hallmarks of a housekeeping promoter but lies more than 35 kb upstream of exon 2. Exon 1B lies 6 kb upstream of exon 2 within the large first intron of the ubiquitously expressed PGM1 transcript. The fast-muscle form of PGM1 is characterized by 18 extra amino acid residues at its N-terminal end. Sequence comparisons show that exons 1A and 1B are structurally related and have arisen by duplication.
Partitioned Embedded Architecture Based on Hypervisor: The XtratuM Approach (2010)

Partitioned software architectures were conceived to fulfill security and avionics requirements where predictability is extremely important. Both, the availability of new processors and an increased necessity of security, have opened new possibilities to use efficiently this approach. Avionic industry has consolidated the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) as a solution to manage the software growth in functionality and in efficiency. Now, the aerospace sector is adapting these concepts on its developments. One of the solutions used to achieve partitioned systems is based on virtualisation techniques. In this paper we present XtratuM, a bare-metal hypervisor which implements para-virtualization and dedicated device techniques. XtratuM provides a virtual machine that is 'near' the native one. It permits to execute a set of partitions, containing each one an operating systems and its applications. Security is based on the temporal and spatial isolation properties provided by the hypervisor. This paper describes the main design criteria used to achieve temporal and spatial partition isolation and an approach to extend the trusted environment from the hardware level to the hypervisor level in order to verify the temporal and spatial isolation properties
Redundant Metering for Integrity with Information-Theoretic Confidentiality (2010)

Redundant metering is frequently used to verify the integrity of billing data reported by advanced metering infrastructure, but the redundant measurement introduces a potential confidentiality leak. We propose a way to encode the redundant measurement at a bit rate below its entropy, so that it cannot be decoded from the encoded bits alone. In this way, we guarantee information-theoretic confidentiality, regardless of the computational power of an eavesdropper. We provide practical Slepian-Wolf codes to realize security of up to 5 bit/sample for 8-bit samples based on actual power metering experiments.