gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State Reaction of Poly(1,6-di-<i>N</i>-carbazolyl-2,4-hexadiyne) with Electrophiles (1987)

13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR at 50.36 MHz reveals that the reaction of the crystalline polymer poly-N-dicarbazolyl-2,4-hexadiyne (poly-DCH) with the electrophilic reagents liquid bromine, gaseous chlorine, and nitric acid fumes results in the formation of covalent bonds in the polymer. Spectra have been obtained both of the products formed as well as of model compounds, and factors influencing the quantitative interpretation of peak intensities have been taken into consideration. The observed disappearance of peaks from carbon atoms either bonded to or adjacent to bromine atoms is due to a dipolar interaction not averaged to zero by magic-angle spinning. The NMR results show that the initial anisotropic reaction is a selective attack of the bromine at the 3,6 positions of the aromatic rings of the carbazole moiety, resulting in a polymer with four Br/repeat unit. At higher bromination levels electrophilic addition to the multiple bonds in the backbone occurs. Other evidence suggests that the triple bond may react preferentially, resulting in formation of a mixed polyacetylene for products of composition poly-DCH(Br6.0). The reaction of poly-DCH with nitric acid fumes appears to result in substitution at the 3,6 positions of the carbazole ring. In contrast, exposure of poly-DCH to chlorine gas most likely effects both electrophilic substitution and addition in the carbazole sidechains.
Simultaneous Estimation of Particle Size, Relative Refractive Index and Concentration of Latices by Turbidity Measurements (Special Issue on Polymer Chemistry X) (1973)

A method to estimate simultaneously the size and concentration of particles in latices and the relative refractive index of those to the surrounding medium by turbidity measurements at three different wavelengths is proposed.The values obtained for polystyrene latex by this method agreed well with those obtained by other methods.The validity of this method is discussed.
Cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in metabolism of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil (1999)

These results confirm that P450s 3A4, 3A5 and 2C8 play a major role in verapamil metabolism and demonstrate that norverapamil can also be further metabolized by the P450s.
Effects of Cuscutae Semen Extract on Prevention of Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats (2012)

Objectives: Osteoporosis, which occurs after menopause, is a kind of metabolic bone disorder. It develops when the bone mass begins to decrease radically, and its main symptoms are bone fracture and height-shortening. This thesis aims at what effects the Cuscutae Semen Extract(CSE) has on the prevention of osteoporosis in SD-rat that is caused by ovariectomy. Methods: The 24 female white rats, after removing their ovaries, were divided into the Normals, the Control group, and the CSE administrated group. For the next 8 weeks, distilled water to the normals and the control, and the CSE(45.9 mg/100 g) to the CSE administrated group were given in the mouths of them. After 8 weeks the rats were sacrificed. Weight, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, phosphorus, calcium, tetraiodothyronine, estradiol, the weight of the femur, the amount of tibia ash, the area of trabecular bone, and the thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: The serum analysis shows that the calcium and phosphorous of the CSE administrated group significantly increased compared to that of the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, total cholesterol, tetraiodothyronine of CSE group were decreased, but not so significant. Albumin, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride and estradiol of the group showed the tendency to increase, but the significance wasn't admitted. Regarding the variation of bone, the femur weight and the ash content of tibia, CSE group was more increased than the control group but the significance wasn't admitted. The histological observation shows that the trabecular thickness was more increased than the control group, and trabecular area increased significantly compared to those of the control group. The number of osteoclast and osteoblast area of the CSE groups decreased significantly compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: From the result of the above study, CSE should be effective for the osteoporosis cure and precaution and deeper study through bedside and clinical demonstration is much needed from now on.
An Update on Predictive Biomarkers for Treatment Selection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

It is now widely established that management of lung cancer is much more complex and cannot be centered on the binary classification of small-cell versus non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is now recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease that develops from genetic mutations and gene expression patterns, which initiate uncontrolled cellular growth, proliferation and progression, as well as immune evasion. Accurate biomarker assessment to determine the mutational status of driver mutations such as <i>EGFR</i>, <i>ALK</i> and <i>ROS1</i>, which can be targeted by specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, is now essential for treatment decision making in advanced stage NSCLC and has shifted the treatment paradigm of NSCLC to more individualized therapy. Rapid advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches to NSCLC treatment have been paralleled by development of a range of potential predictive biomarkers that can enrich for patient response, including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden. Here, we review the key biomarkers that help predict response to treatment options in NSCLC patients.
Female Sex Hormone Replacement in the Aged Woman (1948)

Results of experiments on the administration of estrogen and progesterone to elderly women have disclosed that menstrual periods can be induced in women many years after the menopause, and the theory is presented that considerable rejuvenation of the reproductive organs can be brought about after atrophy has occurred
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis (2011)

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by the acute deterioration in liver function in a patient with compensated or decompensated, but hitherto stable cirrhosis. It is precipitated by an acute event (e.g. bacterial infection, variceal hemorrhage or alcoholic hepatitis) and associated with failure of extrahepatic organs. The pathophysiology of ACLF is still poorly understood. However, data have been obtained in the context of bacterial infections which induce hyper-production of proinflammatory cytokines. This ‘cytokine storm’ plays a central role in the development of multi-organ failure. At the level of the microvasculature of vital organs proinflammatory cytokines activate endothelial cells by upregulating adhesion receptors and injure endothelial cells by inducing immune cells, and platelets to bind to endothelial cells. These cells release mediators such as proteases, oxidants, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. These mediators injure endothelial cells, leading to increased permeability, vasodilation, and alteration of the procoagulant–anticoagulant balance. Cytokines also activate a procoagulant response and induce the inducible nitric oxide synthase, which produces nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that worsens circulatory dysfunction. The diagnosis of ACLF is based on the recognition of: (a) an history of recent event that was the precipitating factor of ACLF; (b) systemic inflammation, (c) the rapid worsening of liver function, and (d) the development of at least one extrahepatic organ failure. Since the development of organ failures is associated with increased in-hospital mortality, any condition which could result in ACLF should be recognized at an early stage, in order to prevent the occurrence of organ failure.
The Leucine Zipper Motif of the <i>Drosophila</i> AF10 Homologue Can Inhibit PRE-Mediated Repression: Implications for Leukemogenic Activity of Human MLL-AF10 Fusions (2002)

In a screen for Drosophila genes that interfere with transcriptional repression mediated by the Polycomb group of genes, we identified a dominant mutation affecting the Alhambra (Alh) gene, the fly homologue of the human AF10 gene. AF10 has been identified as a fusion partner of both MLL and CALM in infant leukemias. Both fusion proteins retain the leucine zipper domain of AF10 but not its PHD domain. We show here that, while the full-length ALH protein has no activity on Polycomb group-responsive elements (PREs), overexpression of the isolated ALH leucine zipper domain activates several PREs. Within the ALH full-length protein, the PHD domain inhibits the PRE deregulation mediated by the leucine zipper domain. This deregulation is conserved in the human AF10 leucine zipper domain, which confers the same activity on an oncogenic MLL-AF10 fusion protein expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. These data reveal new properties for the leucine zipper domain and thus might provide new clues to understanding the mechanisms by which AF10 fusion proteins in which the PHD domain is lost might trigger leukemias in humans.
Characterisation of anthocyanidin reductase from Shuchazao green tea (2011)

The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of ANR activity in the tea plant.
SUPPLEMENTAL ELECTRONIC IN-CAB TRUCK DISPLAYS: AN INVENTORY OF DEVICES AND APPROACHES TO THEIR EVALUATION. FINAL REPORT (1989)

Today's medium-heavy truck driver, in many situations, operates under a heavy visual and attention workload. The driver's primary task is to maneuver his vehicle safely to its destination--a task which requires, at times, virtually uninterrupted visual monitoring of the roadway and relevant traffic events. Over the past few years there has been significant growth in the availability and use of supplemental electronic display devices. Most are clearly of benefit to drivers or fleet operators by virtue of their enhancement of operating efficiency, lower operating cost, driver control and maintenance scheduling, to list but a few. The inherent complexity of the driver-user/device interface, however, may be such that use of such devices during driving will decrease safety by increasing crash involvement, since they compete with the primary task of continuous roadway monitoring. A study was undertaken to 1) inventory current and near-term electronic supplemental in-cab displays, 2) estimate their use in the 1990s by truck type, and 3) identify alternative strategies for their evaluation relative to their compatibility with safe truck operation. Over 50 supplemental in-cab devices were identified and described and are classified under the following headings: Single/Integrated Display Systems; Vehicle Information Systems; Vehicle Navigation Systems; Vehicle Positioning Systems; Text Communication Systems; and Vehicle Safety Systems. Visual, motor and cognitive processing demand on the driver/user was estimated. A preliminary examination indicates that many devices impose a very heavy demand on the user and are designed to be used during driving, a situation which clearly will lead to decreased truck safety. The anticipated proliferation of such devices will no doubt lead to a broad highway safety problem. Short and long range objectives and safety evaluation strategies are outlined and a plan for research to describe and quantify current truck driver workload, fundamental to any subsequent safety evaluation, is presented.
Delocalized Nitrogen Carbanions in SRN1 Reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDelocalized Nitrogen Carbanions in SRN1 ReactionsM. Chahma, C. Combellas, and A. ThiebaultCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 24, 8015–8022Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00129a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Users' responses to contoured wheelchair handrims. (1986)

The responses of 28 spinal cord injured wheelchair users who tested a contoured handrim design were analyzed. Paraplegics, who had stronger grip strength, preferred the contoured design compared with their own handrims in 10 of 12 circumstances of use, as well as according to overall assessment. Most indicated they would pay the estimated additional cost to produce the test shape, which is designed for increasing the contact between hand and rim. Quadriplegics, with weaker and more viable grips, gave mixed responses. This opinion study illustrates some of the problems encountered in evaluation of a new equipment for disabled persons.
Antimalarial activity of new water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 2. Stereospecificity of the ether side chain (1989)

A new series of hydrolytically stable and water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives with optically active side chains was prepared as potential antimalarial agents. This was an effort to prepare compounds with activity superior to that of artelinic acid and to examine the impact of the stereospecificity of the introduced alkyl side chain on biological properties. The ester derivatives (6a-d) possess superior in vitro activity to artemisinin, artemether, and arteether against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum (D-6 and W-2); however, conversion of the esters to their corresponding acids drastically reduces their antimalarial activity. None of the new acids possess in vitro antimalarial activity superior to that of artelinic acid. Although there appears to be limited stereospecificity for antimalarial activity among the acids (7a-d) tested, significant differences in antimalarial activity was seen among the esters.
Dechlorinating Chloroacetanilide Herbicides by Dithionite-Treated Aquifer Sediment and Surface Soil (2006)

The prevalent use of chloroacetanilide herbicides has resulted in nonpoint contamination of some groundwater and surface water. We determined the efficacy of dithionite-treated sediment and soils to transform chloroacetanilides. When used alone, dithionite rapidly dechlorinates chloroacetanilides in water, with the following order of reactivity: propachlor > alachlor > acetochlor > metolachlor. Stoichiometric release of chloride occurs during reaction with dithionite, and thiosulfate herbicide derivatives are produced. Treating aquifer sediment with dithionite reduces native Fe(lII), creating a redox barrier of Fe(ll)-bearing minerals and surface-bound Fe(ll). Washing the reduced sediment (buffered with citrate-bicarbonate) with oxygen-free water removed Fe(ll) and excess dithionite and no alachlor transformation was observed. In contrast, a dithionite-treated surface soil, rich in clay and iron, effectively dechlorinated alachlor after washing. Exposing alachlor to aquifer sediment treated with dithionite in potassium carbonate buffer (pH 8.5-9.0) produced dechlorinated alachlor as the major degradation product. Our results provide proof-of-concept that dechlorination of chloroacetanilide herbicides by dithionite and dithionite-treated aquifer sediment and soil is a remediation option in natural environments where iron-bearing minerals are abundant.
Thin-film bulk acoustic resonator RF bandpass filter design technique using genetic algorithm (2003)

A thin-film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) filter design technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. Instead of using the approximate Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) model, the GA is used to optimise the structure of each FBAR with its exact analytical impedance expressions. US-PCS Rx/Tx bandpass filters, obtained by the proposed method, exhibit better response than those obtained by the BVD model.
Circulating Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Placental Thyroid Hormone Receptor Expression in Normal Human Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) (1998)

Thyroid hormones are critical to growth and development of the human fetus. Abnormal placental development, a major cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is associated with a high perinatal mortality and morbidity. Thyroid status has been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of such morbidity. In the present study, we have investigated fetal thyroid function and placental expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) alpha and beta variants during normal human pregnancy and in pregnancy associated with IUGR. Measurement of free thyroid hormones and TSH concentrations revealed significant rises in free T4 and free T3 between the second and third trimesters of normal pregnancy. Serum concentrations of free T4 and free T3 were lower in fetuses affected by IUGR, although serum TSH levels were not significantly different. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of TR alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 proteins within the nuclei of trophoblast and stromal placental cells. Immunostaining for these TR variants increased with increasing gestation in normal placenta. Comparison of IUGR placental samples with normal samples revealed greater immunostaining for TR alpha1, alpha2, and beta1 variants in IUGR. Examination of pretranslational expression of TR alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 variants by semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed increasing expression of TR alpha1, alpha2, and beta2 messenger RNAs with increasing gestation in normal pregnancy, which "mirrored" post-translational expression. However, and in contrast, there were no significant differences in expression of TR messenger RNAs in normal and IUGR placenta. The present findings of reduction in serum free thyroid hormones and increased expression of TR alpha and beta proteins in association with IUGR highlight the potential importance of thyroid status in influencing long-term fetal outcome in this condition.
Nonvolatile All‐Optical 1 × 2 Switch for Chipscale Photonic Networks (2016)

Integrated chip‐level photonics has the potential to revolutionize future computer systems by eliminating the “von‐Neumann information bottleneck” and the power losses resulting from the use of electrical interconnects. Yet, the need for optical‐to‐electrical conversion has so far hindered the implementation of chip‐level all‐optical routing schemes, which remain operational without continuous power consumption. Here, a crucial component to successful implementation of such all‐photonic networks is demonstrated – an effective, practicable all‐optical nonvolatile switch. Current integrated all‐optical switches require constant bias power to operate, and lose their state when it is removed. By contrast, our switch is entirely nonvolatile, with the direction of light flow altered by switching the phase state of an embedded phase‐change cell using 1 ps optical pulses. High on/off switching contrast devices are achieved that are fully integrated and compatible with existing photonic circuits. It is shown that individual switching events occur with transition times below 200 ps and thus hold promise for ultrafast light routing on chip. The approach offers a reliable and simple route toward hybrid reconfigurable photonic devices without the need for electrical contacting.
Utilization of Biologically Generated Acid for Drilling Fluid Damage Removal and Uniform Acid Placement Across Long Formation Intervals (1995)

Abstract A method of drilling damage removal is presented which uses biologically generated acid (BGA) as the stimulation fluid. The BGA solution is not reactive during the actual pumping stage which allows its displacement into the reservoir to be controlled by the relatively low permeability of the near wellbore damage. Catalytic generation of acid occurs at a controlled rate once the BGA has been injected into the formation and results in uniform damage removal around the near wellbore region. The ability of BGA to be generated under a variety of temperature and pressure conditions and the compatibility evaluation of BGA with a variety of commonly used oil and water based drilling muds is first presented to establish some of the operational guidelines for BGA use. Drilling damage removal studies utilizing the modified API linear conductivity flow cell and carbonate material with BGA is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this stimulation fluid. Dual core flow test data is then presented which shows BGA's ability and HCL's inability to remove drilling damage over long horizontal intervals in carbonate formations.
Spontaneous activity and responses to stimulation in the polychaete <i>Nereis diversicolor</i> (O. F. Müller) (1974)

Ragworms, Nereis diversicolor, kept under constant conditions were spontaneously active and performed a number of different responses. The initial reaction to stimulation from a variety of chemical, mechanical, light and electrical stimuli was usually posterior movement in the tube, and, on at least some occasions, this was probably a withdrawal reflex. Apart from this, there is evidence that stimulation affected the worms’ behaviour by accelerating, and to some extent modifying, the occurrence of patterns of behaviour which occur spontaneously in unstimulated worms. The performance of searching and reversal responses was certainly modified by stimulation, and data is presented which supports the hypothesis that their occurrence is regulated by mechanisms which balance the signals of the results of action (i.e. reinforcements) received by the animal. Food presents a complex stimulus situation and, in reacting to it, worms came successively into contact with a series of stimuli. These elicit different (reflex) responses and this, together with their effects on the occurrence of searching and reversal responses, resulted in them performing a sequence of responses.