gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Estimation of Pre- and Postpromotion Dips with Store-Level Scanner Data (2000)

One of the mysteries of store-level scanner data modeling is the lack of a dip in sales in the weeks following a promotion. Researchers expect to find a postpromotion dip because analyses of household scanner panel data indicate that consumers tend to accelerate their purchases in response to a promotion—that is, they buy earlier and/or purchase larger quantities than they would in the absence of a promotion. Thus, there should also be a pronounced dip in store-level sales in the weeks following a promotion. However, researchers rarely find such dips at either the category or the brand level. Several arguments have been proposed to account for the lack of a postpromotion dip in store-level sales data and to explain why dips may be hidden. Because dips are difficult to detect by traditional models (and by a visual inspection of the data), the authors propose models that can account for a multitude of factors that together cause complex pre- and postpromotion dips. The authors use three alternative distributed lead and lag structures: an Almon model, an unrestricted dynamic effects model, and an exponential decay model. In each model, the authors include four types of price discounts: without any support, with display-only support, with feature-only support, and with feature and display support. The models are calibrated on store-level scanner data for two product categories: tuna and toilet tissue. The authors estimate the dip to be between 4 and 25% of the current sales effect, which is consistent with household-level studies.
Supervisory Protection and Automated Event Diagnosis Using PMU Data (2016)

This paper presents a new framework for supervisory protection and situational awareness to enhance grid operations and protection using modern wide-area monitoring systems. In contrast to earlier approaches dealing with the combined processing of data from multiple phasor measurement units (PMUs), the proposed approach analyzes only the PMU data with the strongest or the most prominent disturbance signature. The specific contributions of this paper are: (a) new criteria for identification of PMU with the strongest signature, (b) simplified approach for quick detection of faults, (c) early classification of eight other disturbances suitable for near real-time response, (d) time-frequency transform-based feature extraction techniques for speedy and reliable classifiers, and (e) a promising approach to locate disturbances within narrow geographical constraints. The contributions are verified with exhaustive simulation data from the Western Electricity Coordination Council system model and limited real PMU data.
Treating underlying attention deficits as a means for improving conversational discourse in individuals with closed head injury: A preliminary study (2009)

Although the two treatment regimens had some effect on the participants' conversational performances it was not to the extent anticipated. The issues of candidacy for such treatments as well as the importance of incorporating natural contingencies into interventions for conversation training are discussed.
Modulation by adjuvants and carriers of the immunogenicity in xenogeneic hosts of mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23, an internal image of human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen. (1993)

The mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23 recognizes an idiotope in the antigen-combining site of the immunizing anti-human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74. Administration with an adjuvant of mAb MK2-23 conjugated to a carrier has been shown to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies both in syngeneic hosts and in patients with malignant melanoma. Adjuvant and carrier are required for the induction of anti-HMW-MAA immunity in BALB/c mice immunized with mAb MK2-23. Whether both adjuvant and carrier are required also in patients with malignant melanoma is not known and cannot be deduced from results obtained in a syngeneic animal model system. Therefore the present study has evaluated for the first time the effect of a carrier and an adjuvant on the immunogenicity of mAb MK2-23 in a xenogeneic host. Rabbits were selected for this purpose, since they have a constitutive expression of HMW-MAA in their normal tissues with a distribution similar to that in humans. The combined use of an adjuvant and a carrier enhances the immunogenicity of mAb MK2-23 in rabbits markedly more than each of them individually. Specifically, all the rabbits immunized with mAb MK2-23 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mixed with Freund's adjuvant (FA) produced antibodies which were shown with serological and immunochemical assays to be specific for HMW-MAA and to be both IgG and IgM. In contrast anti-HMW-MAA antibodies were detected in only one of the 3 rabbits immunized with mAb MK2-23 mixed with FA and were not detected in the rabbits immunized with mAb MK2-23 conjugated to KLH or with mAb MK2-23 without KLH and FA. These results indicate that active specific immunotherapy with mAb MK2-23 in patients with malignant melanoma is likely to benefit from the use of a carrier and an adjuvant, provide additional evidence that mAb MK2-23 bears the internal image of HMW-MAA, and suggest that the immune response elicited by mAb MK2-23 is T-cell dependent.
Pressure Measurement Made by the Utilization of Ruby Sharp-Line Luminescence (1972)

A rapid, convenient technique for precision pressure measurement in the diamond-anvil high-pressure cell, which makes use of the sharp-line (R-line) luminescence of ruby, has been developed. The observed shift is -0.77 +/-0.03 reciprocal centimeters per kilobar for R(1) and -0.84+/- 0.03 reciprocal centimeters per kilobar for R(2) to lower energy and is approximately linear in the range studied (to 22 kilobars). Line-broadening has been observed in some instances and has been tentatively identified with nonhydrostatic conditions surrounding the ruby sample.
Droplet Size Analysis: A New Tool for Improving Qilfield Separations (1988)

ABSTRACT A new approach in the development of oil-water separation equipment is based on droplet size analysis. Droplet sizes are critical information in the design and evaluation of oil-water separators. This paper illustrates how good sampling technique and droplet size analyzers can be combined to make droplet measurements in actual production streams. Droplet size measurements from actual field tests will be shown. Problems associated with droplet size measurements are discussed. Current limitations and future applications of this technique will also be presented. In addition, we have examined how droplet sizes can be used in applications to evaluate separators and other production equipment such as pumps, valves, and strainers.
Fructosamine: How Useful Is It? (1990)

The goal of laboratory medicine is to provide laboratory tests that are useful to physicians in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of their patients. The best laboratory medicine also encompasses participating in the care of patients by ensuring that these laboratory tests are wisely used. Probably the earliest example of the application of laboratory medicine to health care is the glucose test, which is necessary to diagnose diabetes mellitus and to guide its treatment and management. As the glucose concentration in blood can fluctuate widely in diabetic patients, a laboratory test capable of providing an indicator of glucose control with a single monthly measurement would be advantageous. The newest approach to meet this objective is determination of glycated proteins, or “fructosamine.” This article will review what fructosamine is, how it is measured, and how it is being applied in the care of patients with diabetes. It will also make some concluding recommendations about whether fructosamine is a useful test and, if so, what clinical laboratories ought to do about it.
New structure GaP&#8212;GaAlP heterojunction cold cathode (1979)

A negative electron affinity (NEA) GaP-GaAlP cold cathode with a new junction structure is proposed and demonstrated by improved fabrication techniques. Emission efficiencies as high as 0.7-1.1 percent were obtained from these cathodes. The energy distribution of the emitted electrons from the cold cathode had a full width at half-maximum of about 0.3 eV. A resolution of about 500 TV lines was obtained with a sealed off 1-in vidicon tube having the cold cathode and an Sb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> target. The electron beam temperature was about 650 K. At present, highly stable and long life NEA cold cathodes can only be obtained by improving the activation method. It is proposed that the NEA p-GaP surface can be stabilized by a Cs, Sb, and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> activation.
Amino Acids and Peptide in Seven Species of Marine Green Algae (1976)

7種の海産緑藻のエキスの遊離アミノ酸組成を調べた。その結果,アナアオサ(Ulva pertusa)にジペプチッド,L-arginyl-L-glutamineが著量に存在することを認めた。このペプチッドはイオン交換樹脂カラムクロマトグラフィーにより単離され,加水分解生成物の同定および合成によりその構造が確認された。アナアオサではL-arginyl-L-glutamineは全エキス窒素の約20%を占め,主成分をなしていた。さらにウスバアオノリ(Enteromorpha linza)にも検出されたが,外の5種には認められなかった。ウスバアオノリではarginyl-glutamineとともにprolineの含量が比較的高かった。この外,アサミドリシオグサ(Cladophora densa)ではglycineとproline,マユハキモ(Chlorodesmis comosa),ハイミル(Codium adhaerens)およびミル(Codium fragile)ではglutamic acidとglutamine,スリコギイワヅタ(Caulerpa racemosa)ではglycineの含量がそれぞれ高かった。

またこれら緑藻におけるアミノスルフォン酸の分布をペーパークロマトグラフィーにより調べた。その結果,taurineを4種の海藻に,D-cysteinolic acidを3種に,N-monomethyltaurineを2種に,homotaurineを1種にそれぞれ検出した。このうちアサミドリシオグサではhomotaurineを分離して確認した。
Stereochemical Relationships of the Isomeric 2,3-Butanediols and Related Compounds; Evidence of Walden Inversion (1936)

This investigation has been undertaken for the purpose of synthesizing cis- and trans-2-butene in a pure state and of studying the Walden inversion. Incidentally, the work has constituted an independent confirmation of the observation that the butene produced in the dehydration of 1-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid is approximately 68% trans-2-butene and 32% cis-2-butene. The reliability of this result has been questioned, on the basis that the dibromide method of analysis is faulty. This confirmation rests upon the observation that cis-2-butene is converted through the chlorohydrin to cis-2,3-epoxybutane and that the crude epoxybutane mixture obtained from the crude butene mixture is approximately 65% trons-2,3-epoxybutane and 35% cis-2,3-epoxybutane, with little or no 1,2-epoxybutane.
Non-progressing cancer patients have persistent B cell responses expressing shared antibody paratopes that target public tumor antigens (2017)

There is significant debate regarding whether B cells and their antibodies contribute to effective anti-cancer immune responses. Here we show that patients with metastatic but non-progressing melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, or renal cell carcinoma exhibited increased levels of blood plasmablasts. We used a cell-barcoding technology to sequence their plasmablast antibody repertoires, revealing clonal families of affinity matured B cells that exhibit progressive class switching and persistence over time. Anti-CTLA4 and other treatments were associated with further increases in somatic hypermutation and clonal family size. Recombinant antibodies from clonal families bound non-autologous tumor tissue and cell lines, and families possessing immunoglobulin paratope sequence motifs shared across patients exhibited increased rates of binding. We identified antibodies that caused regression of, and durable immunity toward, heterologous syngeneic tumors in mice. Our findings demonstrate convergent functional anti-tumor antibody responses targeting public tumor antigens, and provide an approach to identify antibodies with diagnostic or therapeutic utility.
Bryostatin 1-induced hairy cell features on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. (1993)

The phorbol esters induce differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Clinical use of this observation has been hampered by the fact that phorbol esters are also tumor promoters. In this study we demonstrate that another protein kinase C activator, without tumor promoting activity, has similar effects on CLL cells. Fresh leukemic cells from the peripheral blood of 13 patients with CLL were isolated and cultured in the absence (control) or presence of Bryostatin 1 or 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Aliquots of cells were then analyzed after 24, 72 and 120 hours for morphological changes, acid phosphatase (ACP) and the co-expression of two hairy cell-associated surface antigens, CD22 and CD11c, by flow cytometry. Bryostatin 1 induced changes in shape and morphology similar to TPA, with adherence and increase in cell size, abundant cytoplasm and irregular cytoplasmic membrane. Both agents induced a statistically significant increase in the expression of CD22 and CD11c compared with control (p < 0.0008). There was no significant difference between the two agents in the degree of expression of these two markers. Both agents also induced ACP that was tartrate resistant (TRAP). These changes indicate that Bryostatin is as effective as TPA in inducing further differentiation of CLL cells to a hairy cell stage.
Constructing Biocatalytic Cascades: In Vitro and in Vivo Approaches to de Novo Multi-Enzyme Pathways (2016)

The combination of sequential biocatalytic reactions, via non-natural synthetic cascades, is a rapidly developing field and leads to the generation of complex valuable chemicals from simple precursors. As the toolbox of available biocatalysts continues to expand, so do the options for biocatalytic retrosynthesis of a target molecule, leading to alternative routes employing enzymatic transformations. The implementation of such cascade reactions requires careful consideration, particularly with respect to whether the pathway is constructed in vitro or in vivo. In this Perspective, we describe the relative merits of in vitro, in vivo, and hybrid approaches to building biocatalytic cascades and showcase recent developments in the area. We also highlight the factors that influence the design and implementation of purely enzymatic or chemoenzymatic, one-pot, multistep pathways.
Embedded 1-Mb ReRAM-Based Computing-in- Memory Macro With Multibit Input and Weight for CNN-Based AI Edge Processors (2019)

Computing-in-memory (CIM) based on embedded nonvolatile memory is a promising candidate for energy-efficient multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations in artificial intelligence (AI) edge devices. However, circuit design for NVM-based CIM (nvCIM) imposes a number of challenges, including an area-latency-energy tradeoff for multibit MAC operations, pattern-dependent degradation in signal margin, and small read margin. To overcome these challenges, this article proposes the following: 1) a serial-input non-weighted product (SINWP) structure; 2) a down-scaling weighted current translator (DSWCT) and positive–negative current-subtractor (PN-ISUB); 3) a current-aware bitline clamper (CABLC) scheme; and 4) a triple-margin small-offset current-mode sense amplifier (TMCSA). A 55-nm 1-Mb ReRAM-CIM macro was fabricated to demonstrate the MAC operation of 2-b-input, 3-b-weight with 4-b-out. This nvCIM macro achieved <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\text {MAC}}= 14.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ns at 4-b-out with peak energy efficiency of 53.17 TOPS/W.
A novel measurement procedure for the Specific Absorption Rate conformity assessment of WiFi devices (2009)

The specific absorption rate (SAR) conformity assessment of WiFi devices is herein investigated. In order to derive the time-average of the SAR, a common approach is to evaluate an ensemble average of the measured samples. This approach cannot be applied when measuring non-deterministic signals typically transmitted by WiFi devices. The signal transmitted between WiFi devices during data exchange is complex and unpredictable. An alternative procedure based on the peak detection measurement of the signal is proposed. The feasibility of the peak detection scheme is studied by analyzing the probe's time-domain response and the salient features of the WiFi communication protocol.
Avirulent Avian Influenza Virus as a Vaccine Strain against a Potential Human Pandemic (1999)

In the influenza H5N1 virus incident in Hong Kong in 1997, viruses that are closely related to H5N1 viruses initially isolated in a severe outbreak of avian influenza in chickens were isolated from humans, signaling the possibility of an incipient pandemic. However, it was not possible to prepare a vaccine against the virus in the conventional embryonated egg system because of the lethality of the virus for chicken embryos and the high level of biosafety therefore required for vaccine production. Alternative approaches, including an avirulent H5N4 virus isolated from a migratory duck as a surrogate virus, H5N1 virus as a reassortant with avian virus H3N1 and an avirulent recombinant H5N1 virus generated by reverse genetics, have been explored. All vaccines were formalin inactivated. Intraperitoneal immunization of mice with each of vaccines elicited the production of hemagglutination-inhibiting and virus-neutralizing antibodies, while intranasal vaccination without adjuvant induced both mucosal and systemic antibody responses that protected the mice from lethal H5N1 virus challenge. Surveillance of birds and animals, particularly aquatic birds, for viruses to provide vaccine strains, especially surrogate viruses, for a future pandemic is stressed.
Video over IP using standard-compatible multiple description coding: an IETF proposal (2006)

Standard-compatible multiple description coding (MDC) and layered coding (LC) are efficient ways to ensure erasure resilient, scalable transmission of encoded multimedia sources via RTP, allowing a gradual degradation of the application quality with increasing packet loss rate and decreasing bandwidth/throughput on the network. In this paper we review the standard-compatible framework proposed to IETF. Alternative techniques such as robust source coding and channel coding techniques (ARQ: automatic repeat request, FEC: forward error correction) are presented; their integration into the proposed framework is also discussed. The performances of MDC and LC either coupled with channel coding or not, are summarized by reference to current literature. Typical cases and examples are illustrated.
Wireless Inflow Monitoring in a Subsea Field Development: A Case Study from the Hyme Field, Offshore Mid-Norway (2014)

Abstract Inflow distribution monitoring of long horizontal wells is a challenging issue. Input from such surveillance is needed to verify the clean-up of the well; to monitor the functionality of the completion solution; identify early water breakthrough; to calibrate the reservoir model, and to optimize the drainage strategy. These steps are crucial for increased oil recovery (IOR). A dual lateral well equipped with unique chemical inflow tracers distributed across ten compartments has been installed in a marginal field development on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The Hyme oil field development utilizes a 20 km subsea tie back to a platform where the inflow tracers are sampled. The monitoring efforts assess well performance from the clean-up, cross flow and back pressure in each lateral. Traditional wire-line conveyed production logging was not an option in the field's monitoring strategy due to lack of wire-line access to the reservoir zones. The multi-year life length of the deployed chemical inflow tracers enables monitoring of the well for a substantial period of time. Tracer samples are acquired on a regular basis depending on monitoring objectives. In addition, a large number of samples were acquired after a shut-in period to catch the flow-induced transient responses of the different tracers. Parameters such as clean-up quality, cross-flow during shut-in and back-pressure in the two branches were interpreted from tracer appearance, including peak arrival timing and overall shape of the different tracer transient responses. The tracer transient monitoring technology enabled quantification of oil contribution from each compartment in each lateral. A history matching process was used to match the observed tracer signatures after a shut-in period using a transient inflow tracer model that has been experimentally verified by flow-loop experiments. The estimated inflow profiles show good agreement with expected result, based on the reservoir properties, and what was acquired from individual testing of the two branches. The initial information gained since first oil has been valuable in understanding early production performance and updating transient wellbore and reservoir models for assessing well performance in relation to increasing field recovery without the need for interventions.
Capillary electrophoresis‐based immunoassays: Principles and quantitative applications (2008)

The use of CE as a tool to conduct immunoassays has been an area of increasing interest over the last decade. This approach combines the efficiency, small sample requirements, and relatively high speed of CE with the selectivity of antibodies as binding agents. This review examines the various assay formats and detection modes that have been reported for these assays, along with some representative applications. Most CE immunoassays in the past have employed homogeneous methods in which the sample and reagents are allowed to react in solution. These homogeneous methods have been conducted as both competitive binding immunoassays and as noncompetitive binding immunoassays. Fluorescent labels are most commonly used for detection in these assays, but enzyme labels have also been utilized for such work. Some additional work has been performed in CE immunoassays with heterogeneous methods in which either antibodies or an analog of the analyte is immobilized to a solid support. These heterogeneous methods can be used for the selective isolation of analytes prior to their separation by CE or to remove a given species from a sample/reagent mixture prior to analysis by CE. These CE immunoassays can be used with a variety of detection modes, such as fluorescence, UV/Vis absorbance, chemiluminescence, electrochemical measurements, MS, and surface plasmon resonance.
Preparation of monoglycerides by guanidine‐catalyzed processes (1998)

Abstract Glycerolysis of methyl stearate and tristearin has been carried out in the presence of alkylguanidines—strong nonionic bases—as catalysts. When applied at 10 mol%, 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo [4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene, 1,2,3‐tricyclohexylguanidine, and 1,3‐dicyclohexyl‐2‐ n ‐octylguanidine give monoglycerides in more than 90% selectivity, in a maximum of 6 h reaction time.
Decoupling technique for transmit coils in NMR spectroscopy and imaging (1990)

A decoupling structure using an additional LC resonant configuration for NMR transmit coils is analysed and the probe sensitivity of the receive coil with the decoupled transmit coil is calculated using simple circuit models. An adjustment-free technique for the decoupling circuit under different loading conditions is proposed using the calculated results and demonstrated by experiments. The proposed method can simplify the probe operation.
Study on Real-Time Simulation System of Vehicle Dynamics Via ve-DYNA (2006)

This paper presents a real-time simulation system based on ve-DYNA. A vehicle dynamics model is built with ve-DYNA, and then a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system for a kind of vehicle control unit is developed with dSPACE. Comparing the simulation results with the experiment results, it shows that the HILS system can provide a precise realtime simulation system for the development of vehicle control unit.