gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic resolution in the asymmetric hydroxylation of enolates. Stereospecific synthesis of (2S,3R)-(-)-verrucarinolactone (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic resolution in the asymmetric hydroxylation of enolates. Stereospecific synthesis of (2S,3R)-(-)-verrucarinolactoneFranklin A. Davis and Anil KumarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 12, 3337–3339Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00038a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00038a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A versatile radiotherapy treatment chair (1980)

Modern megavoltage radiation therapy is often provided by an isocentric treatment unit which rotates around the prone or supine patient. This method provides flexibility in the set-up and comfort for the patients. However, some lesions may be advantageously treated with the patients seated. The chair unit described provides for a great deal of flexibility in the set-up and treatment of seated patients including arc and full rotational therapy. The chair motion mechanism is completely below floor level facilitating easy access to the patient. We find it particularly useful for head and neck treatments where individually tailored fields are defined by Cerrobend shields. These patients are most often treated with a horizontally directed beam. A bite block is frequently used to ensure reproducible positioning of individual patients (Karzmark et al., 1975). The treatment unit used with the chair, a Varian Clinac 10 (Karzmark et al., 1973), is not isocentrically-mounted but moves vertically and rotates about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the beam axis. Figure 1, a scale model, illustrates the geometry and depicts the basic motions of the chair and Clinac by arrows. This particular combination of motions provides a co-ordinate system similar to that available in the conventional isocentric system. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the translation and rotation axes for the isocentric system (Fig. 2A), in contrast to the chair-treatment unit described herein (Fig. 2B and c).
Axonal damage in relapsing multiple sclerosis is markedly reduced by natalizumab (2010)

Our data demonstrate that natalizumab treatment reduces the accumulation of nerve injury in relapsing forms of MS. It is anticipated that highly effective anti-inflammatory treatment can reduce axonal loss, thereby preventing development of permanent neurological disability.
Conducting Polymers Crosslinked with Sulfur as Cathode Materials for High‐Rate, Ultralong‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2017)

Low electrical conductivity and a lack of chemical confinement are two major factors that limit the rate performances and cycling stabilities of cathode materials in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, sulfur is copolymerized with poly(m-aminothiophenol) (PMAT) nanoplates through inverse vulcanization to form the highly crosslinked copolymer cp(S-PMAT) in which approximately 80 wt % of the feed sulfur is bonded chemically to the thiol groups of PMAT. A cp(S-PMAT)/C-based cathode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 1240 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1 C and remarkable rate capacities of 880 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 C and 600 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 5 C. Moreover, it can retain a capacity of 495 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 1000 deep discharge-charge cycles at 2 C; this corresponds to a retention of 66.9 % and a decay rate of only 0.040 % per cycle. Such a remarkable rate performance is attributed to the highly conductive pathways of PMAT nanoplates, and the excellent cycling stability is ascribed mainly to the chemical confinement of sulfur through a large number of stable covalent bonds between sulfur and the thiol groups of PMAT. The results suggest that this strategy is a viable paradigm for the design and engineering of conducting polymers with reactive functional groups as effective electrode materials for high-performance Li-S batteries.
Word Processing with On-Line Script Recognition (1984)

Adding a graphics tablet, a stylus, and special software to a personal computer system enables its users to edit text with simple, handwritten commands.
Source-Dependent Frequency Content of Ultrashallow Seismic Reflection Data (2000)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from bssa.geoscienceworld.org.
Things a front-end developer should know about Drupal (2013)

Explore how to get started with a custom theme and work with templates, JavaScript and CSS. Plus, a look at considerations for mobile, performance tips and what's next in Drupal 8.
Singapore Inc: A success story (2003)

The success of Singapore's government‐led and managed economy has allowed it to box above its weight in the international trade and financial arena for decades. However, globalisation and technology are forcing a policy shift.
Capacity Fading Mechanisms on Cycling a High-Capacity Secondary Sulfur Cathode (2004)

The cycle life and capacity fading mechanisms of secondary sulfur electrodes prepared by two different electrode fabrication methods were studied in an effort to improve the energy density of the cathode. Cycle life improved substantially when the uniformity of carbon distribution around the sulfur particles improved and electrode density increased, improving the overall structural integrity of the carbon matrix. Capacity fading in a high-energy-density cathode is mainly due to structural failure by physical crack propagations of the electrode structure and subsequent formation of the electrochemically irreversible Li2S layer at cracked surfaces of carbon particles or masses. The capacity fading due to these mechanisms appears to be reduced substantially and significantly by improved structural integrity with uniform pore structure of the carbon matrix. A Li/S cell containing a cathode fabricated by the improved technique cycled over 400 cycles without any severe structural damage of the electrode structure.
Analogues of antijuvenile hormones (1982)

Several analogues of precocenes I and II have been synthesized, including derivatives of 6,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromen, 7,8-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromen, 7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitrochromen, and 6-amino-7-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromen. 5,6-Dimethoxy-3,3-dimethylindene was also synthesized. Improved procedures for the dehydration of chroman-4-ols to chromens and for the reduction of chroman-4-ones to chroman-4-ols are reported. Analogues have been tested for activity in the brown planthopper Nilaparvatus lugens Stal. None had significant morphogenetic effects, but two possessed insecticidal activity and showed both antagonism and synergism when used in conjunction with permethrin.
Transistorized Multiplier and Divider and Its Applications (1964)

The inverse pair of logarithmic and exponential functions obtained from current voltage characteristics of junction transistors have been combined here to devise a direct method of analog multiplication and division which has an inherent tendency of self-compensation for the effects of temperature variation and also of mutual cancellation of nonlinear distortion arising in the individual stages. Experimental curves for both the operations show an accuracy of 2 per cent over a range of one and one-half decades in multiplication and about two decades in division. It has further been shown how this system may be used with comparative advantages to realize ac power and root law amplifiers, volume compressors and volume expandors of compandor systems, linear amplitude modulators and amplitude stabilizers. The experimental observations of ac nonlinear amplifiers designed to follow square and square root law response functions show that the respective characteristics hold good within an accuracy of 2 per cent over a range of 50 db. The use of these inverse relationships as a conventional 2 to 1 compressor followed by an expandor yields over-all compandor characteristics having a linearity over a range of 55 db with a maximum deviation of about 0.6 db from a straight line appearing only at the extreme end of the dynamic range. The analog multiplication has further been used to produce a linear amplitude modulation of about 95 per cent.
Interaction with broadcast video (2002)

In video-on-demand (VOD) applications, it is desirable to provide the user with the video-cassette-recorder-like (VCR) capabilities such as fast-forwarding a video or jumping to a specific frame. We address this issue in the broadcast framework, where each video is broadcast repeatedly on the network. Existing techniques rely on data prefetching as the mechanism to provide this functionality. This approach provides limited usability since the prefetching rate cannot keep up with typical fast-forward speeds. Fast-forwarding a video for several seconds would inevitably exhaust the prefetch buffer. We address this practical problem in this paper by repeatedly broadcasting the interactive versions of the videos. For instance, an interactive version might contain only every fifth frame in the original video. Our client software leverages these "interactive" broadcasts to provide better VCR service. We formally prove the correctness of this approach, and compare its performance to a prefetch method, called active buffer management. This scheme has been shown to offer, in the broadcast environment, the best performance to date. Our simulation results indicate that the new technique is superior in handling long-duration VCR actions.
The information content of a Rieber sonogram (1961)

Abstract Shortly after F. Rieber originally proposed the seismic data processing method of controlled directional sensitivity (CDS), whose end-product is a "sonogram", considerable criticism and discussion of the method appeared in geophysical literature. Certain of this criticism apparently had to do with the belief that CDS did not faithfully preserve all the information contained in the original field recording. This paper shows by a simple argument based on Fourier Transforms that CDS causes no such loss of information.
Beyond “Dual”: Multi-Material Decomposition of Spectral CT Images (2013)

Spectral CT’s ability to determine material concentration drives its clinical application, but the complex make up of the human body poses a challenge. We developed methods for quantifying N > 3 materials, expanding spectral CT’s utility.
SAP Speaks PDDL: Exploiting a Software-Engineering Model for Planning in Business Process Management (2012)

Planning is concerned with the automated solution of action sequencing problems described in declarative languages giving the action preconditions and effects. One important application area for such technology is the creation of new processes in Business Process Management (BPM), which is essential in an ever more dynamic business environment. A major obstacle for the application of Planning in this area lies in the modeling. Obtaining a suitable model to plan with -- ideally a description in PDDL, the most commonly used planning language -- is often prohibitively complicated and/or costly. Our core observation in this work is that this problem can be ameliorated by leveraging synergies with model-based software development. Our application at SAP, one of the leading vendors of enterprise software, demonstrates that even one-to-one model re-use is possible. The model in question is called Status and Action Management (SAM). It describes the behavior of Business Objects (BO), i.e., large-scale data structures, at a level of abstraction corresponding to the language of business experts. SAM covers more than 400 kinds of BOs, each of which is described in terms of a set of status variables and how their values are required for, and affected by, processing steps (actions) that are atomic from a business perspective. SAM was developed by SAP as part of a major model-based software engineering effort. We show herein that one can use this same model for planning, thus obtaining a BPM planning application that incurs no modeling overhead at all. We compile SAM into a variant of PDDL, and adapt an off-the-shelf planner to solve this kind of problem. Thanks to the resulting technology, business experts may create new processes simply by specifying the desired behavior in terms of status variable value changes: effectively, by describing the process in their own language.
The molecular basis for the immunogenicity of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>mannoproteins (2006)

T-cell-mediated immunity is necessary for effective host defenses against infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Clinical and experimental studies have identified a heterogeneous family of mannoproteins as critical cryptococcal antigens responsible for stimulating T-cell responses. The archetypal mannoprotein has a signal sequence, a functional domain, a serine/threonine-rich region and a site for attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Extensive O-mannosylation, which occurs at the serine/threonine region, facilitates recognition by mannose receptors on antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells. This results in efficient antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells. Inhibition of mannose receptors or deglycosylation of mannoproteins profoundly inhibits T-cell responses, demonstrating the crucial contribution of mannosylation to immunogenicity.
Use of a Bacteriophage Lysin, PlyC, as an Enzyme Disinfectant against<i>Streptococcus equi</i> (2009)

Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of the purulent infection equine strangles. This disease is transmitted through shedding of live bacteria from nasal secretions and abscess drainage or by contact with surfaces contaminated by the bacteria. Disinfectants are effective against S. equi, but inactivation by environmental factors, damage to equipment, and toxicity are of great concern. Bacteriophage-encoded lysins (cell wall hydrolases) have been investigated as therapeutic agents due to their ability to lyse susceptible gram-positive organisms. Here, we investigate the use of one lysin, PlyC, as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. equi. This enzyme was active against >20 clinical isolates of S. equi, including both S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. Significantly, PlyC was 1,000 times more active on a per weight basis than Virkon-S, a common disinfecting agent, with 1 microg of enzyme able to sterilize a 10(8) CFU/ml culture of S. equi in 30 min. PlyC was subjected to a standard battery of tests including the Use Dilution Method for Testing Disinfectants and the Germicidal Spray Products Test. Results indicate that aerosolized PlyC can eradicate or significantly reduce the S. equi load on a variety of materials found on common stable and horse-related equipment. Additionally, PlyC was shown to retain full activity under conditions that mimic a horse stable, i.e., in the presence of nonionic detergents, hard water, or organic materials. We propose PlyC as the first protein-based, narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. equi, which may augment or supplement the use of broad-spectrum disinfectants in barns and stables where equine strangles is prevalent.
Successful treatment of meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with intravenous and intrathecal colistin. (2007)

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an emergent nosocomial pathogen. A 61-year-old woman developed meningitis caused by MDRAB 27 days after receiving a surgical intervention for invasive meningioma. The patient failed to respond to high doses of meropenem and sulbactam treatment and the organism persisted in the cerebrospinal fluids for two months. The regimen was changed to intravenous and intrathecal colistin for 28 days and the patient responded well. Administration of colistin both intravenously and intrathecally could be a suitable option as a salvage therapy for meningitis due to multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
A New Model for Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Flow of Drilling Muds (1993)

Abstract The concept of an "Effective" diameter is introduced for the flow of drilling muds through annuli. This new diameter accounts for both annular geometry and the effects of a non-Newtonian fluid. It provides the link between Newtonian pipe flow and non-Newtonian flow through concentric annuli. The method is valid in any flow regime and can be used to determine whether a non-Newtonian flow is laminar, transitional, or turbulent. An analytical procedure is developed for computing frictional pressure gradients in all three flow regimes. The analysis also quantifies how flow transition is delayed by increasing the yield stress of a fluid. In addition, it is shown that transition in an annulus is delayed to higher pump rates as the ratio of inner to outer diameter increases. Furthermore, the method accounts for wall roughness and its affects on transitional and turbulent pressure gradients for non-Newtonian flow through pipes and concentric annuli. Finally, the method runs on a 386 PC in only a few seconds.
Method for the Direct Specific Measurement of Vitamin B<sub>12 </sub>Bound to Transcobalamin II in Plasma (1993)

The concentration of plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin II was measured by two methods: QUSO and Heparin Sepharose (HS). The new HS procedure provided a specific, direct measurement of vitamin B12 bound to both R binder and transcobalamin II in plasma.
The U.K. Conference and Meetings Industry (2001)

Abstract During the last ten years, the U.K. meetings industry has developed rapidly. Regard for the industry and competition amongst venues is growing. The industry is attracting increasing levels of attention, while an intensified incidence of venues other than hotels are competing within this sector. This progressive expansion of demand experienced by the industry heightens the importance of the quality provision for customers when differentiating between venues. The ultimate aim of the research is to determine whether gaps exist between the attributes employed to assess the quality and desirability of a U.K. conference venue-firstly by conference organizers and conference delegates and secondly between their perceptions and the characteristics of the product provided. This paper presents an approach to the development of a research instrument to measure and compare an inventory of service quality attributes as perceived by meetings organizers and delegates.
Notes - Chlorination of 1,1-Difluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Chlorination of 1,1-Difluoro-2,2-dichloroethaneJ. Heberling, Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 4, 615–616Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online28 May 2003Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01098a604https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01098a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using an Electrical Potential to Reversibly Switch Surfaces between Two States for Dynamically Controlling Cell Adhesion (2012)

Smart surfaces presenting both antifouling molecules with a charged functional group at their distal end, and molecules that are terminated by RGD peptides for cell adhesion, were fabricated and characterized (see picture). By applying potentials of +300 or -300 mV, the surfaces could be dynamically switched to make the peptide accessible or inaccessible to cells.
Proteomic Analysis Uncovers Novel Actions of the Neurosecretory Protein VGF in Nociceptive Processing (2009)

Peripheral tissue injury is associated with changes in protein expression in sensory neurons that may contribute to abnormal nociceptive processing. We used cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as a model of axotomized neurons to investigate early changes in protein expression after nerve injury. Comparing protein levels immediately after DRG dissociation and 24 h later by proteomic differential expression analysis, we found a substantial increase in the levels of the neurotrophin-inducible protein VGF (nonacronymic), a putative neuropeptide precursor. In a rodent model of nerve injury, VGF levels were increased within 24 h in both injured and uninjured DRG neurons, and the increase persisted for at least 7 d. VGF was also upregulated 24 h after hindpaw inflammation. To determine whether peptides derived from proteolytic processing of VGF participate in nociceptive signaling, we examined the spinal effects of AQEE-30 and LQEQ-19, potential proteolytic products shown previously to be bioactive. Each peptide evoked dose-dependent thermal hyperalgesia that required activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. In addition, LQEQ-19 induced p38 phosphorylation in spinal microglia when injected intrathecally and in the BV-2 microglial cell line when applied in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrate rapid upregulation of VGF in sensory neurons after nerve injury and inflammation and activation of microglial p38 by VGF peptides. Therefore, VGF peptides released from sensory neurons may participate in activation of spinal microglia after peripheral tissue injury.
Novel pH-Reporter MRI Contrast Agents (2002)

Attractive alternatives to conventional contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications are the paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents based on saturation transfer (ST) to the solvent water resonance. The ratio of ST effects obtained upon irradiating Ln-coordinated water and amide protons in [Ln(dotamGly)] (dotam=1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane; see picture) complexes is pH dependent and concentration independent.