gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 77 GHz SiGe Mixer Circuit with LO Active Frequency Multiplier for Automotive Radar (2007)

This paper presents a direct-conversion mixer for 77 GHz integrated with an active 4times LO frequency multiplier. The circuit was manufactured using a SiGe technology. Noise figure, conversion gain, linearity and s-parameter measurement results will be shown.
New Process for Electrical Contacts on (100) N‐type Diamond (2017)

Obtaining ohmic contacts on n‐type diamond is a very compelling concern in the framework of designing power electronic devices. The present contribution considers a new technological process combining microstructuring and highly phosphorus‐doped overgrowth to investigate quasi‐ohmic contacts on (100) phosphorus doped diamond. For now, the two processes were tested on (100) and (111) diamond single crystal substrates. The results are exposed and discussed.
On generating continuous-curvature paths for line following problem with curvature and sharpness constraints (2011)

The main contribution of the paper is to provide a method to generate continuous curvature paths in order to converge to a line, based on combinations of clothoids with line segments and circular arcs. Different kinds of continuous curvature paths have been defined in order to solve problems with different complexity. The type of paths that we have generated get the benefits of higher comfort and safety. Generated paths take into account lower and upper bounds of sharpness and curvature simultaneously, while it is not the case of other continuous curvature paths such as Elementary and BiElementary paths. Wheeled mobile robots following a path with continuous curvature may also get benefit on wheels slippage reduction and low odometry errors, since transitions are softer with constant curvature rates.
SQSTM1 gene analysis and gene-environment interaction in Paget's disease of bone (2010)

Even though SQSTM1 gene mutations have been identified in a consistent number of patients, the etiology of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) remains in part unknown. In this study we analyzed SQSTM1 mutations in 533 of 608 consecutive PDB patients from several regions, including the high-prevalence area of Campania (also characterized by increased severity of PDB, higher number of familial cases, and peculiar phenotypic characteristics as giant cell tumor). Eleven different mutations (Y383X, P387L, P392L, E396X, M401V, M404V, G411S, D423X, G425E, G425R, and A427D) were observed in 34 of 92 (37%) and 43 of 441 (10%) of familial and sporadic PDB patients, respectively. All five patients with giant cell tumor complicating familial PDB were negative for SQSTM1 mutations. An increased heterogeneity and a different distribution of mutations were observed in southern Italy (showing 9 of the 11 mutations) than in central and northern Italy. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed only a modest reduction in age at diagnosis in patients with truncating versus missense mutations, whereas the number of affected skeletal sites did not differ significantly. Patients from Campania had the highest prevalence of animal contacts (i.e., working or living on a farm or pet ownership) without any difference between patients with or without mutation. However, when familial cases from Campania were considered, animal contacts were observed in 90% of families without mutations. Interestingly, a progressive age-related decrease in the prevalence of animal contacts, as well as a parallel increase in the prevalence of SQSTM1 mutations, was observed in most regions except in the subgroup of patients from Campania. Moreover, patients reporting animal contacts showed an increased number of affected sites (2.54 +/- 2.0 versus 2.19 +/- 1.9, p < .05) over patients without animal contacts. This difference also was evidenced in the subgroup of patients with SQSTM1 mutations (3.84 +/- 2.5 versus 2.76 +/- 2.2, p < .05). Overall, these data suggest that animal-related factors may be important in the etiology of PDB and may interact with SQSTM1 mutations in influencing disease severity.
Numerical simulation and PEPT measurements of a 3D conical helical‐blade mixer: A high potential solids mixer for solid‐state fermentation (2003)

Helical-blade solids mixers have a large potential as bioreactors for solid-state fermentation (SSF). Fundamental knowledge of the flow and mixing behavior is required for robust operation of these mixers. In this study predictions of a discrete particle model were compared to experiments with colored wheat grain particles and positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) measurements. In the discrete particle model individual movements of particles were calculated from interaction forces. It was concluded that the predicted overall flow behavior matched well with the PEPT measurements. Differences between the model predictions and the experiments with wheat grains were found to be due to the assumption that substrate particles were spherical, which was in the model. Model simulations and experiments with spherical green peas confirmed this. The mixing in the helical-blade mixer could be attributed to (1) the transport of particles up and down in the interior of the mixer, and (2) dispersion or micro-mixing of particles in the top region of the mixer. It appeared that the mixing rate scaled linearly with the rotation rate of the blade, although the average particle velocity did not scale proportionally. It may be that the flow behavior changes as a function of the rotation rate (e.g., changing thickness of the top region); further study is required to confirm this. To increase the mixing performance of the mixer, a larger blade or a change in the shape of the mixer (larger top surface/volume ratio) is recommended.
Growth hormone pulsatility in ram lambs of genotypes selected for fatness or leanness (1993)

Abstract Although it is known that growth hormone (GH) influences body composition in ruminants, the precise role of the pattern of GH secretion is not known. We have studied the pulsatile release of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF 1) secretion in the male progeny of rams from lines selected either for {fat genotype) or against (lean genotype) fatness. Seventy-two lambs (36 each of the fat and lean genotype) were kept on high-quality pasture and randomly allocated within genotype to treatment at 2, 3, 3·5, 4,5 or 6 months of age. The procedure, which was identical for each sampling period, was to sample each lamb through a jugular cannula every 10 min for 6 h, and then, following an overnight fast, to slaughter and analyse the carcass for fat. All blood samples were analysed for GH and samples taken each hour for total plasma IGF 1. The GH data were further analysed with the pulse detection routine PULSAR. Carcass fatness, adjusted for cold carcass weight, was greater for fat genotype animals than for the lean genotype. GH was pulsatile in all profiles but the pattern differed with time and genotype. Mean GH and pulse amplitude decreased with time but did not differ between genotype, although the lean genotype had higher mean GH at five of the six sampling periods. In contrast, GH pulse frequency and IGF 1 were significantly higher for the fat compared with the lean genotype lambs. GH mean and amplitude correlated negatively with carcass fatness in both genotypes and GH pulse frequency and total IGF 1 correlated positively with fatness for the lean genotype only. When carcass weight and genotype were fitted to these relationships, GH mean and total IGF 1 were found to have independent negative and positive effects, respectively, on carcass fatness. Because GH mean had a separate effect on fatness independent of genotype or cold carcass weight, it is likely that GH secretion influences composition by the same basic mechanism in both genotypes. However, although the slopes of these relationships did not differ significantly between the genotypes, the intercepts were significantly different indicating that over and above the basic mechanism, at any level of GH, the lean genotype lambs were leaner than the fat genotype lambs. This may indicate a measure ofGH resistance in the fat genotype lambs.
A Scheme for Improving Handover Feasibility in Convergence Networks (2007)

Mobile user's needs for seamless services are currently increasing. Users change their location by moving and use services. At this time, if a new target cell does not have sufficient resource for the service, the service can not be continuous. For solving this problem, we propose a seamless service support scheme to improve service continuity. The proposed scheme increases handover feasibility by using classified service with several classes. As analytical result, we show that the performance of the handover blocking probability in the proposed scheme is better than that of the existing scheme.
Fiber Bragg grating array sensor system using a bandpass wavelength division multiplexer and interferometric detection (1996)

A multiplexing approach for high-resolution sensing with Bragg gatings is described. The scheme uses a band-pass wavelength division multiplexer to separate the returned wavelengths from an array of gratings, and interferometric processing to attain high-strain resolution. A strain resolution of 1.5 nanostrain//spl radic/Hz is demonstrated, with a sensor bandwidth of 10 Hz-2 kHz for four sensors.
First plastic bridge (1995)

An analytical protocol for the determination of the extractable phosphorus contents in freshwater sediments has been harmonized through interlaboratory studies in the frame of the Standards Measurements and Testing Program of the European Commission. A homogeneous and stable sediment reference material has been prepared and certified on the basis of this protocol named SMT protocol, and will be available in spring of 2001. The SMT protocol, together with the reference material, are useful tools in the field of water management, especially at a time when quality assurance and data comparability are of paramount importance in laboratory analysis. The knowledge of the bioavailable forms of phosphorus is important not only for sediments but also for sludge and soils. Therefore, the SMT protocol could be extended to these materials and new CRMs could be prepared. The SMT protocol was used in a study of a reservoir, which allowed to calculate the P stock, therefore helping to predict the restoration delay of the lake. The paper describes the protocol and the CRM, and gives a brief outline of the case study.
Kinetic resolution of amines with enantiopure 3-N,N-diacylaminoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones (2001)

The title compounds (DAQs) are chiral when the two N-acyl groups are different because of the absence of rotation around the N–N bond (a chiral axis). Enantiopure DAQs have been obtained by incorporation of a chiral centre in enantiopure form either into the substituent at the Q2-position or into one of the N-acyl groups, or into both, followed by separation of diastereoisomers. This separation is unnecessary in one case because conversion of the N-monoacylaminoquinazolinone (MAQ) into the DAQ is completely diastereoselective. Neither is separation of diastereoisomers necessary with 3-[N,N-di-(S)-2-acetoxypropanoylamino]-2-diphenylmethylquinazolin-4(3H)-one 37a: this DAQ 37a has its N–N bond rendered a chiral axis by the bias in its imide moiety wholly in favour of one exo/endo conformation.
Low‐Temperature Cu(I)‐Catalyzed “Click” Reactions for Self‐Healing Polymers (2011)

Abstract Systematic investigations on the Cu(I)‐catalyzed “click” reaction between a three‐arm star polymer and low‐molecular‐weight alkynes are described. Liquid trivalent alkynes ( 2 – 7 ) are reacted either with monovalent azidotelechelic polyisobutylene 1b ( $ \overline M_{\rm n} $ = 1900 g mol −1 , PDI = 1.3) in solution, or with the trivalent azidotelechelic polyisobutylene 1a ( $ \overline M_{\rm n} $ = 4000 g mol −1 , PDI = 1.3). A significant autoacceleration is observed leading to increased reaction rates of the mono‐, di‐, and trisubstituted alkynes. Reaction in the solvent‐free state proved to be significantly faster than reaction in solution. Upon testing various Cu(I) catalysts, CuBr(PPh 3 ) 3, tripropargylamine 2 emerges as the ideal component for a room‐temperature “click” reaction with the three‐arm star polyisobutylene 1a .
Highly Selective CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by Triazine-Based Benzimidazole-Linked Polymers (2014)

Triazine-based benzimidazole-linked polymers (TBILPs), TBILP-1 and TBILP-2, were synthesized by condensation reaction of 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TFPT) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine tetrachloride (BTA) and 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaaminotriptycene (HATT), respectively. The Ar sorption isotherms at 87 K revealed high surface areas for TBILP-1 (330 m2 g–1) and TBILP-2 (1080 m2 g–1). TBILP-2 adsorbed significantly high CO2 (5.19 mmol g–1/228 mg g–1) at 1 bar and 273 K. Initial slope selectivity calculations demonstrated that TBILP-1 has very high selectivity for CO2 over N2 (63) at 298 K, outperforming all triazine-based porous organic polymers reported to date. On the other hand, the larger surface area of TBILP-2 leads to relatively lower selectivity for CO2/N2 (40) and CO2/CH4 (7) at 298 K. TBILPs showed moderate isosteric heats of adsorption for CO2: TBILP-1 (35 kJ mol–1) and TBILP-2 (29 kJ mol–1) enabling high and reversible CO2 uptake at ambient temperature. In addition, TBILPs displayed promising working capacity, regenerability, and sorbent selection parameter values for CO2 capture from gas mixtures under vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) conditions.
Status of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Development and Commercialization in the U.S. (1999)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) powerplants are expected to impact the natural gas stationary power distributed generation (DG) market -- 300-kilowatt (kW) to multi-megawatt (MW) -- the portable power market, the specialty applications (commercial and military) market, and transportation markets. Siemens Westinghouse is the leader in tubular SOFC technology. Several completely packaged and self-contained power plants, up to nominal 100-kW size, have been manufactured and tested by them. A manufacturing facility currently produces these power plants. In the U.S. several planar designs are also under development. Organizations developing planar designs include the Institute of Gas Technology, Ceramatec, Ztek, Technology Management Incorporated, and Allied Signal Aerospace Corporation. The high-efficiency, fuel cell-turbine hybrid, with and without networking or staging of fuel cells, represents the most efficient power plant type ever conceived. Siemens Westinghouse is planning the first test of a 60 percent efficient 250-kW fuel cell turbine hybrid in 1999.
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Cancer—An Update (1996)

The number of allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplants continues to grow worldwide. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become standard therapy for many patients with leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and testicular cancer. Encouraging results of autologous BMT in treating patients with poor-risk breast cancer have led to this approach being tested in nationwide randomized trials. In order to increase availability and efficacy of BMT, other sources of hematopoietic cells are explored for transplantation, such as from HLA-matched unrelated volunteer donors, partially matched related donors, placental/umbilical cord blood and allogeneic peripheral blood. Relapse of original malignancy remains the main obstacle for the success of BMT. Recent clinical investigations have demonstrated that donor-derived peripheral blood leukocytes are effective in inducing remissions in patients with hematological malignancies who relapse after allogeneic BMT. BMT procedures are associated with significant complexity and should be carried out only in transplant units that meet adequate standards. In order to better define the role of BMT in treating cancer, more phase III clinical trials are needed. The future of BMT will depend on further improvements in its efficacy and economic constraints.
Tetraprenylacetone Promotes Healing Process of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage in the Rat (1991)

Tetraprenylacetone (TPA: teprenon, geranylgeranylacetone) is a novel anti-ulcer agent developed in Japan. The aim of this study was to test whether TPA has the ability to promote the healing process of rat gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol (ET). Fasted rats received orally 5 ml/kg of absolute ET. Sixty minutes later, TPA (200 mg/kg) or saline (control) was administered intragastrically. Thereafter, the same dose of TPA or saline was given orally every 8 hours. To investigate the role of endogenous prostaglandins, indomethacin was given intraperitoneally every 8 hours. Twenty four or 48 hours after the first administration of TPA or saline, rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were removed. Administration of TPA significantly reduced lesion indices from 100 ± 12.9% (control) to 57.0 ± 12.8% (24 hours, P > 0.05) and from 100 ± 15.3% (control) to 17.6 ± 3.4% (48 hours, P > 0.01). Addition of indomethacin did not significantly affect this effect of TPA. Ultrastructual studies revealed that TPA stimulated regeneration of gastric mucosa damaged by ET after 24 and 48 hours. These results indicate that TPA has the ability to promote the healing process of gastric mucosal damage induced by absolute ET. It is, however, unlikely that endogenous prostaglandins are involved in this promotive effect of TPA on the healing process of gastric injury.
Addressing library creation challenges from recent Liberty extensions (2008)

The Liberty Format is an open source industry standard for library modeling that has seen significant enhancement in recent years to address the challenges introduced by the new smaller technologies at 65nm and below. Issues associated with modeling Timing, Power and Noise have seen an explosion in complexity. The paper discusses the challenges introduced by the new high accuracy models and techniques to ameliorate them for Library providers.
Cell‐free DNA is released from tumor cells upon cell death: A study of tissue cultures of tumor cell lines (2003)

To determine the source of cell-free DNA detected in the serum of cancer patients, we monitored the release of cell-free DNA and tumor markers from tumor cell lines using the cell culture technique. During the first 6 days of cell culture, we found very low concentrations of DNA and a steady increase of the CA 125 released from the SK-BR3 tumor cell lines during cell growth. A sudden increase of cell-free DNA detected in the cell medium coincided with cell death. As the cells died, the concentration of cell-free DNA declined but the concentration of CA 125 increased. The sudden release of cell-free DNA observed upon cell death was also found on the cell cultures of additional tumor cell lines, including A549, RD, and SK-N-SH cells. It appears that the majority of cell-free DNA detected in the serum of cancer patients comes from tumor cells following cell death and cell necrosis. The concentration of cell-free DNA released is related to the number of dead cells, whereas that of the tumor marker CA 125 is associated with the presence of the total number of cells (dead or alive).
Raf-1 protein kinase is an integral component of the oncogenic signal cascade shared by epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. (1992)

Our recent studies with cell mutants indicate that a cascade shared by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signals exists in NRK cells and mediates oncogenic signals induced by many oncogenes (A. Masuda, S. Kizaka-Kondoh, H. Miwatani, Y. Terada, H. Nojima, and H. Okayama, New Biol. 4:489-503, 1992). We have employed the antisense RNA technique to investigate possible involvement of Raf-1 kinase in this signal transduction cascade. NRK cell clones highly reduced in the Raf-1 production are generated by the expression of a c-raf-1 antisense RNA. They have no apparent growth defects and retain proper mitotic responses to growth factors but are refractory to transformation by EGF or PDGF plus transforming growth factor beta, v-erbB, v-fms, v-K-ras, v-mos, v-fos, v-src, simian virus 40 large T, and polyomavirus middle T but not by v-raf or adenovirus E1A. These results not only support our model for the oncogenic signal cascade but also lead to the conclusion that Raf-1 protein kinase is a downstream component of this oncogenic signal cascade shared by EGF and PDGF.
A lightweight and wide-swath UAV camera for high-resolution surveillance missions (2013)

Designed to execute mapping and surveillance missions for crisis monitoring on a solar powered High Altitude Long endurance UAV 18 km high up in the stratosphere, the MEDUSA high resolution camera is able to acquire frame images with a ground sampling distance of 30 cm and swath of 3 km. Since mass is a dominant driver for the UAV performance the MEDUSA payload was severely mass optimised to fit within the physical boundaries of 2.6 kg, 12 cm diameter and 1 m length. An inertial navigation system and data transmission equipment is included. Due to the innovative dual sensor on single chip concept the MEDUSA payload hosts two independent frame camera’s of each 10000x1200 pixels (one panchromatic and one colour sensitive). The MEDUSA stratospheric camera has completed its system level test campaign in autumn 2012 and is ready for its maiden flight. Using the main building blocks of this stratospheric camera a modified version is being developed which is adapted to more conventional UAV’s flying at lower altitude. The current design is targeting a ground resolution of 10 cm and swath of 1 km with each single image. First test flights have been conducted with an engineering model version of the camera generating representative image data. Also the functionality is being expanded by adding hyperspectral sensitivity to high spatial resolution image acquisition within the same compact camera system.
Generation of OAM waves with circular phase shifter and array of patch antennas (2015)

The design of an ‘orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna’ based on an original phase shifter and power divider combination at 2.5 GHz is presented. A prototype is manufactured and characterised based on return loss, radiation and phase patterns. Both simulation and experimental results evidence the properties of waves carrying OAM. This OAM antenna is simple, compact and easy to realise, which makes it suitable for radio communications and radar applications.