gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load-Rating Theory for Multichannel Amplifiers (1940)

The amplifiers of multichannel telephone systems must be so designed with regard to output capacity that interchannel interference caused by amplifier overloading will not be serious. Probability theory is applied to this problem to determine the maximum single-frequency output power which a multichannel amplifier should be designed to transmit as a function of N, the number of channels in the system. The theory is developed to include the effects of statistical variations in the number of simultaneous talkers, in the talking volumes, and in the instantaneous voltages from speech at constant volume.
15-GHz direct-modulation bandwidth of vapor phase regrown 1.3-μm InGaAsP buried heterostructure lasers (1985)

Very high-frequency direct modulation of AlGaAs and InGaAsP diode lasers has been reported.1,2 An intrinsic modulation bandwidth of 12.5 GHz of 1.3-μm InGaAsP vapor phase regrown buried hetero-structure lasers (VPR-BH) under pulse bias operation was demonstrated.2 A small-signal modulation bandwidth of a 15-GHz record is reported for the VPR-BH lasers operated at a pulse bias optical power of only 7.5 mW/facet.
GUARDRAIL PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN (1971)

BARRIER INSTALLATIONS ARE WARRANTED (OR JUSTIFIED) ONLY AT HIGHWAY LOCATIONS WHERE THE CONSEQUENCE OF AN ERRANT VEHICLE LEAVING THE ROADWAY IS JUDGED TO BE MORE HAZARDOUS THAN THE IMPACT WITH THE BARRIER INSTALLATION. A SIX DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM MATHEMATICAL MODEL WAS FOUND TO BE USEFUL IN DESCRIBING DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF A VEHICLE DURING IMPACT. PREDICTIONS OF VEHICLE AND BARRIER BEHAVIOR CORRELATED WITH RESULTS OBTAINED FROM FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS. CRASH CONDITIONS SIMULATED WITH A COMPUTER WERE USED TO IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE VEHICLE STATIC AND DYNAMIC AS WELL AS BARRIER PARAMETERS. VEHICLE WEIGHT, YAW MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA, AND DEFORMATION CONSTANT WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANT. AS EXPECTED, SUCH VEHICLE DYNAMIC PARAMETERS AS IMPACT SPEED AND ANGLE WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN VEHICLE-GUARDRAIL INTERACTION. THE SIGNIFICANT BARRIER PARAMETERS WERE ASCERTAINED TO BE THOSE RELATED TO POST STRENGTH, VEHICLE-BARRIER COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION, SOIL MODULUS, AND BEAM TENSION; THESE APPRECIABLY INFLUENCE THE ACCELERATION INTENSITIES INDUCED IN THE VEHICLE DURING REDIRECTION. FOR THE SYSTEMS EXAMINED, IT WAS FOUND THAT VEHICLE LATERAL ACCELERATIONS WERE HIGHER WITH RESPECT TO SUGGESTED HUMAN TOLERANCE LEVELS THAN THE LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CORRESPONDING SUGGESTED LEVELS. FOR A STANDARD TEST (I. E., 4000-LB. VEHICLE, 60 MPH, AND 25-DEGREE IMPACT), THE VEHICLE ACCELERATION PREDICTIONS WHEN COMPARED TO SUGGESTED HUMAN TOLERANCE LEVELS INDICATE THAT OCCUPANTS NEED BOTH LAP BELT AND CHEST HARNESS RESTRAINTS TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURIES. TO FACILITATE COMPARISONS OF BARRIER SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE, THE ORDER IN WHICH THE THREE MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS NEED BE CONSIDERED WAS ESTABLISHED AS BEING: (1) BARRIER STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AS DETERMINED WHETHER OR NOT A SYSTEM CAN REDIRECT A SELECTED ERRANT VEHICLE, (2) VEHICLE ACCELERATIONS DURING REDIRECTION, AND (3) POST-IMPACT TRAJECTORY OF THE VEHICLE. FOR SYSTEMS THAT SATISFY THIS BASIC REQUIREMENT THE EVALUATION PROCEDURE NEXT CONSIDERS VEHICLE ACCELERATIONS; THESE VEHICLE ACCELERATION VALUES SERVE AS INDICATORS OF THE SEVERITY OF REDIRECTION AND MAY BE USED IN PROJECTING POSSIBLE INJURIES OR FATALITIES AMONG VEHICLE OCCUPANTS. FINALLY, WHEN THE FIRST TWO FACTORS ARE EQUAL OR ACCEPTABLE, VEHICLE EXIT TRAJECTORY BECOMES A CRITICAL CRITERION AS IT REFLECTS THE HAZARDS PRESENTED TO OTHER TRAFFIC. THE REBOUNDING VEHICLE CAN BE THE CAUSE OF A MULTICAR COLLISION, ALTHOUGH THE INCIDENCE OF THIS IS CONJECTURED TO BE QUITE SMALL /NCHRP/
Etching parylene-N using a remote oxygen microwave plasma (2002)

The etching characteristics of parylene-N in a remote microwave oxygen plasma have been studied. The etch rate was measured over a range of pressures from 0.4 to 2.0 Torr and oxygen flow rates from 25 to 125 sccm using an applied plasma power of 250 W. In order to describe the etching behavior of the polymer as a function of different process parameters, a model has been developed to predict the concentration of reactive species at the polymer surface. The model uses two different plasma physics models to predict the net molecular oxygen dissociation rate in the microwave plasma. The species concentrations at the plasma outlet are used as the inlet condition for a model of the afterglow region, which includes a delivery tube and an etching chamber. The afterglow region is modeled using momentum and mass conservation equations. The predicted atomic oxygen concentrations at the polymer surface are inserted into a simple etch rate model and an etch rate is calculated and compared to etch rate data. The best agreement between theory and experiment was found using a plasma physics model developed by the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics and an etch rate model that has a reaction order of 0.5 with respect to the oxygen atom concentration.
Rasterization by Multiresolution Integration (2010)

Rasterization algorithms fall into two main categories, point-sampling and area-sampling. Point-sampling techniques allow for high quality reconstruction, but suffer from aliasing artifacts, time-costly to attenuate. On the other side, area-sampling, popularized by Edwin C. Catmull's Unweighted Area Sampling or UAS, is equivalent to point-sampling at an infinite rate, but reconstruction is restricted to a unit-size box-filter, which offers very poor reconstruction characteristics. We propose a new rasterization algorithm named multiresolution integration, MI which provides high quality reconstruction such as point sampling techniques may do, while achieving speed in the range of unweighted area sampling: a weighted average of box filters is used to approximate the convolution integral between the polygon and any kernel of finite extents. A simple and fast implementation is described, providing high quality 2D rasterization at interactive speed. Examples and benchmarks demonstrate both the quality and speed of this new method.
Designing and constructing a magnetic stimulator: theoretical and practical considerations (2005)

Magnetic nerve stimulation has proven to be an effective non-invasive technique that can be used to excite peripheral and central nervous systems. In this technique, the excitement of the neural tissue depends on exposing the body to a transient magnetic field. This field can be generated by passing a high pulse of current through a coil over a short period of time. This paper presents general guidelines for designing and constructing a magnetic stimulator. These guidelines cover theoretical concepts, hardware aspects and components required to build these systems. The critical points discussed in this paper are based on key findings and difficulties encountered during the process of building the system used for this study. Furthermore, some suggestions were addressed to improve future designs.
An appearance based approach for human and object tracking (2004)

A system for tracking humans and detecting human-object interactions in indoor environments is described. A combination of correlogram and histogram information is used to model object and human color distributions. Humans and objects are detected using a background subtraction algorithm. The models are built on the fly and used to track them on a frame by frame basis. The system is able to detect when people merge into groups and segment them during occlusion. Identities are preserved during the sequence, even if a person enters and leaves the scene. The system is also able to detect when a person deposits or removes an object from the scene. In the first case the models are used to track the object retroactively in time. In the second case the objects are tracked for the rest of the sequence. Experimental results using indoor video sequences are presented.
Using corpus and knowledge-based similarity measure in Maximum Marginal Relevance for meeting summarization (2008)

MMR (maximum marginal relevance) is widely used in summarization for its simplicity and efficacy, and has been demonstrated to achieve comparable performance to other approaches for meeting summarization. How to appropriately represent the similarity of two text segments is crucial in MMR. In this paper, we evaluate different similarity measures in the MMR framework for meeting summarization on the ICSI meeting corpus. We introduce a corpus- based measure to capture the similarity at the semantic level, and compare this method with cosine similarity and centroid score that only considers the salient words in the segments. Our experimental results evaluated by the ROUGE summarization metrics show that both the centroid score and the corpus-based similarity measure yield better performance than the commonly used cosine similarity. In addition, adding part-of-speech information in the corpus-based approach helps for the human transcripts condition, but not when using ASR output.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IN THE PRESENCE OF MATERIAL PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY (2012)

We present a sensitivity analysis of the optimization of the probe placement in radiofrequency (RF) ablation which takes the uncertainty associated with biophysical tissue properties (electrical and thermal conductivity) into account. Our forward simulation of RF ablation is based upon a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the electric potential of the probe and the steady state of the induced heat. The probe placement is optimized by minimizing a temperature-based objective function such that the volume of destroyed tumor tissue is maximized. The resulting optimality system is solved with a multilevel gradient descent approach. By evaluating the corresponding optimality system for certain realizations of tissue parameters (i.e., at certain, well-chosen points in the stochastic space) the sensitivity of the system can be analyzed with respect to variations in the tissue parameters. For the interpolation in the stochastic space we use an adaptive sparse grid collocation (ASGC) approach presented by Ma and Zabaras. We underscore the significance of the approach by applying the optimization to CT data obtained from a real RF ablation case.
Selective apoptosis of natural killer‐cell tumours by <b><scp>l</scp></b>‐asparaginase (2005)

Summary We examined the effectiveness of various anti‐tumour agents to natural killer (NK)‐cell tumour cell lines and samples, which are generally resistant to chemotherapy, using flow cytometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) assay. Although NK‐YS and NK‐92 were highly resistant to various anti‐tumour agents, l ‐asparaginase induced apoptosis in these two NK‐cell lines. NK‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples were selectively sensitive to l ‐asparaginase and to doxorubicin (DXR) respectively. Samples of chronic NK lymphocytosis, an NK‐cell disorder with an indolent clinical course, were resistant to both drugs. Our study clearly separated two major categories of NK‐cell disorders and ALL according to the sensitivity to DXR and l ‐asparaginase. We examined asparagine synthetase levels by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) and immunostaining in these samples. At least in nasal‐type NK‐cell lymphoma, there was a good correlation among asparagine synthetase expression, in vitro sensitivity and clinical response to l ‐asparaginase. In aggressive NK‐cell leukaemia, although asparagine synthetase expression was high at both mRNA and protein levels, l ‐asparaginase induced considerable apoptosis. Furthermore, samples of each disease entity occupied a distinct area in two‐dimensional plotting with asparagine synthetase mRNA level (RQ‐PCR) and in vitro l ‐asparaginase sensitivity (TUNEL assay). We confirmed rather specific anti‐tumour activity of l ‐asparaginase against NK‐cell tumours in vitro , which provides an experimental background to the clinical use of l ‐asparaginase for NK‐cell tumours.
Reviews (1968)

Journal Article Reviews Get access “MEASURE FOR MEASURE” AS ROYAL ENTERTAINMENT , by Josephine Waters Bennett . Columbia University Press , 1966 ; pp. x, 208 ; 45s. STEPHEN WALL STEPHEN WALL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 15, Issue 4, April 1968, Pages 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/15-4-159 Published: 01 April 1968
An auxiliary resonant soft switching matrix converter (2005)

This paper is concerned with the design, construction and testing of a 3-phase to 3-phase soft switching matrix converter. Two auxiliary soft switching circuits are added to each output phase in order to achieve soft switching without significantly increasing the conduction losses. The converter operation is discussed with reference to theoretical waveforms. The distribution of the switching losses with respect to load current and commutation voltage is investigated. Using the proposed topology it is possible to disable the auxiliary switch when the current and/or voltage is low. This simplifies the design of the auxiliary circuit as the range of operating conditions is reduced, allowing better optimisation in terms of switching losses and commutation speed. We present results from a 3-phase to 3-phase prototype matrix converter showing switching waveforms for all commutation scenarios. Measurements of the overall power circuit losses are presented and comparisons are made with conventional hard switching matrix converters. The distribution of losses between the different loss mechanisms will be investigated for both converters. It is shown that the switching losses for the main switches is reduced by about 50% but this is compensated for by the losses in the auxiliary switches resulting in no significant increase in efficiency. Further research will be required to develop viable soft switching matrix converter structures.
A Novel Framework for Frame Rate Up Conversion by Predictive Variable Block-Size Motion Estimated Optical Flow (2009)

This paper proposes a novel framework for frame rate up conversion. The framework contains a motion field estimator employing a hybrid of a novel predictive variable blocksize motion estimation and robust optical flow algorithm. This motion field is more robust and accurate than pure optical flow or pure motion estimation methods. Therefore, in-between frames can be estimated more accurately by the new hybrid method. After the motion field estimation, pixel interpolation following motion field interpolation is done for in-between frames. It is shown the proposed method has better than pure motion estimation and pure optical flow methods in terms of both subjective and objective measurements.
Scan matching in a probabilistic framework (2006)

We describe an interpretation of scan matching as a probability distribution approximation problem and we propose an algorithm that, employing a particle approximation to the target distribution, can take advantage of the knowledge of the evolution model and provide an estimate of the matching uncertainty. Experiments show it can work in unstructured environments, it is reliable to severe sensor occlusions and it handles under constrained situations gracefully
Cooperativity in ligand binding expressed at a model cell membrane by the vancomycin group antibiotics (1996)

M. S. Westwell, B. Bardsley, R. J. Dancer, A. C. Try and D. H. Williams, Chem. Commun., 1996, 589 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000589
A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a Cooling Channel Roughened with 90° Ramped Ribs (2016)

International audience
Hose elements for buoy moorings : design, fabrication and mechanical properties (2004)

This report describes the design of tire cord reinforced rubber hoses, which have found an application as mooring hoses for oceanographic and offshore aquaculture buoy systems. These hoses stand out due to their ruggedness and ability to significantly stretch under load. The ruggedness is achieved through a steam curing = vulcanization process of the completed hose, generating a similar toughness of the hoses like automobile tires. Elastic stretch ranges can be designed from 30 to 130 percent through variation of the arrangement of the load carrying tire cord layers in the hose body. The hoses can also be furnished with electrical conductors and possibly optical light-guides as part of the hose wall. This technical report describes the design, fabrication, and mechanical properties of the mooring hoses to allow engineers to custom develop hoses with tailored mechanical properties.
Cathepsins X and B Can Be Differentiated through Their Respective Mono- and Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Activities (2001)

Several new cysteine proteases of the papain family have been discovered in the past few years. To help in the assignment of physiological roles and in the design of specific inhibitors, a clear picture of the specificities of these enzymes is needed. One of these novel enzymes, cathepsin X, displays a unique specificity, cleaving single amino acid residues at the C-terminus of substrates very efficiently. In this study, the carboxypeptidase activities and substrate specificity of cathepsins X and B have been investigated in detail and compared. Using quenched fluorogenic substrates and HPLC measurements, it was shown that cathepsin X preferentially cleaves substrates through a monopeptidyl carboxypeptidase pathway, while cathepsin B displays a preference for the dipeptidyl pathway. The preference for one or the other pathway is about the same for both enzymes, i.e., approximately 2 orders of magnitude, a result supported by molecular modeling of enzyme-substrate complexes. Cleavage of a C-terminal dipeptide of a substrate by cathepsin X can become more important under conditions that preclude efficient monopeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity, e.g., nonoptimal interactions in subsites S(2)-S(1). These results confirm that cathepsin X is designed to function as a monopeptidyl carboxypeptidase. Contrary to a recent report [Klemencic, I., et al. (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 5404-5412], it is shown that cathepsins X and B do not share similar activity profiles, and that reagents are available to clearly distinguish the two enzymes. In particular, CA074 was found to inactivate cathepsin B at least 34000-fold more efficiently than cathepsin X. The insights obtained from this and previous studies have been used to produce an inhibitor designed to exploit the unique structural features responsible for the carboxypeptidase activity of cathepsin X. Although of moderate potency, this E-64 derivative is the first reported example of a cathepsin X-specific inhibitor.
Zeolite-like crystal structure of an empty microporous molecular framework (1999)

The rigidity of the coordination polymer framework of Ni2(4,4′-bipy)3(NO3)4 is demonstrated quantitatively by determination of the structures of both ethanol-loaded and desolvated forms, showing only a small relaxation of the structure on guest loss.
Identification of Chemokines Associated with the Recruitment of Decidual Leukocytes in Human Labour: Potential Novel Targets for Preterm Labour (2013)

Current therapies for preterm labour (PTL) focus on arresting myometrial contractions but are largely ineffective, thus alternative therapeutic targets need to be identified. Leukocytes infiltrate the uterus around the time of labour, and are in particularly abundant in decidua (maternal-fetal interface). Moreover, decidual inflammation precedes labour in rat pregnancies and thus may contribute to initiation of labour. We hypothesized that chemokines mediate decidual leukocyte trafficking during preterm labour (PTL) and term labour (TL), thus representing potential targets for preventing PTL. Women were recruited into 4 groups: TL, term not in labour (TNL), idiopathic PTL and PTL with infection (PTLI). Choriodecidual RNA was subjected to a pathway-specific PCR array for chemokines. Differential expression of 12 candidate chemokines was validated by real time RT-PCR and Bioplex assay, with immunohistochemistry to confirm cellular origin. 25 chemokines were upregulated in choriodecidua from TL compared to TNL. A similar pattern was detected in PTL, however a distinct profile was observed in PTLI consistent with differences in leukocyte infiltration. Upregulation of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein was confirmed in TL, with CCL8 upregulated in PTL. Significant correlations were detected between these chemokines and decidual leukocyte abundance previously assessed by immunohistochemical and image analysis. Chemokines were primarily expressed by decidual stromal cells. In addition, CXCL8 and CCL5 were significantly elevated in maternal plasma during labour, suggesting chemokines contribute to peripheral inflammatory events during labour. Differences in chemokine expression patterns between TL and idiopathic PTL may be attributable to suppression of chemokine expression by betamethasone administered to women in PTL; this was supported by in vitro evidence of chemokine downregulation by clinically relevant concentrations of the steroid. The current study provides compelling evidence that chemokines regulate decidual leukocyte recruitment during labour. The 6 chemokines identified represent potential novel therapeutic targets to block PTL.
Identification and Distribution of β-Phenylethylamine in the Rat (1973)

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of some amines present in mammalian tissues has been developed. It includes isolation of the amines by ion exchange chromatography followed by conversion to dansyl derivatives, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique. The use of an isotopically labelled internal standard improves the precision and sensitivity of the analysis.The concentrations of β-phenylethylamine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (ng/g); brain 1.8 ± 0.4, heart 5.7 ± 3.1, kidney 20.5 ± 2.2, liver 2.0 ± 0.7, lung 4.0 ± 1.4, and spleen 4.7 ± 2.7. In the brain the hypothalamus contained 25.3 ± 5.0, the cerebellum 3.4 ± 0.5, the stem 2.2 ± 0.9, the caudate nucleus 8.0 ± 0.3, and the 'rest' 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/g, respectively.
Performance of a fluorescent screen and CCD camera as a two-dimensional dosimetry system for dynamic treatment techniques (2000)

A two-dimensionally position sensitive dosimetry system has been tested for different dosimetric applications in a radiation therapy facility with a scanning proton beam. The system consists of a scintillating (fluorescent) screen, mounted at the beam-exit side of a phantom and it is observed by a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The observed light distribution at the screen is equivalent to the two-dimensional (2D)-dose distribution at the screen position. It has been found that the dosimetric properties of the system, measured in a scanning proton beam, are equal to those measured in a proton beam broadened by a scattering system. Measurements of the transversal dose distribution of a single pencil beam are consistent with dose measurements as well as with dose calculations in clinically relevant fields made with multiple pencil beams. Measurements of inhomogeneous dose distributions have shown to be of sufficient accuracy to be suitable for the verification of dose calculation algorithms. The good sensitivity and sub-mm spatial resolution of the system allows for the detection of deviations of a few percent in dose from the expected (intended or calculated) dose distribution. Its dosimetric properties and the immediate availability of the data make this device a useful tool in the quality control of scanning proton beams.