gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symmetry analysis and uniaxial-stress effect on the low-field electroreflectance of Si from 3.0 to 4.0 eV (1976)

The low-field electroreflectance (ER) spectra of Si in the energy range from 3.0 to 4.0 eV have been measured and analyzed in the absence and in the presence of strain. In the absence of strain, the symmetry location ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{K}}_{0}$ of a critical point can be deduced from both the polarization anisotropies and the line shape of a low-field ER spectrum. Uniaxial-stress effects on a low-field ER spectrum are also described in the low-strain limit. These results are used to reveal the 3.4-eV complexities. The structures of the low-field ER spectrum of Si from 3.0 to 4.0 eV may arise from two critical points with different symmetries. First, the main structure in the higher-energy side is attributed conclusively to a high-symmetry critical point along the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ axis (or at the $L$ point) in the Brillouin zone [${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{3}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{1}^{c}$ (or ${L}_{{3}^{\ensuremath{'}}}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{1}^{c}$) in Si]. The experimentally determined band-edge parameters are as follows: the critical-point energy ${E}_{g}=3.412\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ eV (300 K); the phenomenological broadening energy $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=0.060\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ eV (300 K); and the pair band deformation-potential parameters ${D}_{1}^{1}=\ensuremath{-}9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3$ eV, ${D}_{1}^{5}=6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.4$ eV, ${\mathfrak{D}}_{3}^{3}=4.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ eV, and ${\mathfrak{D}}_{3}^{5}=3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7$ eV (77 K). In addition, this critical point is three-dimensional ${M}_{1}$ type and the relations between the assumed reduced masses ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{T}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}$ are ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{T}\ensuremath{\ll}|{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}|$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{T}>0$, and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}<0$. From the mass relation, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{T}\ensuremath{\ll}|{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}|$, the critical point may be nearly two-dimensional (${M}_{0}$ type). Second, for the weak structure in the lower-energy side the experimental results under uniaxial stress can not be explained by any high-symmetry critical point except the degenerate critical point in the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ direction (${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{5}^{v}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}^{c}$ near $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ in Si). If we assume that this structure is attributed to the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ critical point, the experimentally determined parameters are as follows: ${E}_{g}=3.294\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ eV (300 K); $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=0.060\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ eV (300 K); and this critical point is three-dimensional ${M}_{0}$ type ($\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{T}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{L}}=1\ensuremath{-}3$).
LO STUDIO DELLA FUNZIONALITÀ RESPIRATORIA NEI PRIMI DUE ANNI DI VITA (2002)

Pattern ventilatorio: la curva flusso-volume a volume corrente valuta i parametri del pattern ventilatorio con le relative componenti di tempo. La morfologia della curva permette di identificare quadri ostruttivi e/o restrittivi a carico sia delle alte che delle basse vie aeree. Essa rappresenta un test semplice, riproducibile ed eseguibile, anche in bambini molto piccoli, nel sonno spontaneo. Meccanica polmonare: i parametri valutati sono la compliance, le resistenze e la costante di tempo del sistema respiratorio. La tecnica più utilizzata per la misura di questi parametri è quella della “occlusione singola” che sfrutta il riflesso di Hering Breuer. Capacità funzionale residua: i metodi di misurazione più utilizzati sono: il metodo di diluizione dell’elio ed il metodo di wash-out dell’azoto. Recentemente è stato introdotto il metodo di wash-in/wash-out con il gas inerte esafluoruro di zolfo (SF6). Misura dei flussi espiratori forzati: la tecnica della compressione toracoaddominale rapida si basa su un’espirazione forzata ottenuta, a fine inspirazione, a volume corrente, mediante un’insufflazione di una giacchetta gonfiabile applicata sul torace e sull’addome. Mediante uno pneumotacografo collegato con una maschera facciale viene misurata la curva flusso-volume espiratoria forzata. Questa tecnica permette di avere nel lattante una curva flusso-volume simile a quella che si ottiene nel bambino collaborante.
Learning 3D Deformation of Animals from 2D Images (2016)

Abstract Understanding how an animal can deform and articulate is essential for a realistic modification of its 3D model. In this paper, we show that such information can be learned from user‐clicked 2D images and a template 3D model of the target animal. We present a volumetric deformation framework that produces a set of new 3D models by deforming a template 3D model according to a set of user‐clicked images. Our framework is based on a novel locally‐bounded deformation energy, where every local region has its own stiffness value that bounds how much distortion is allowed at that location. We jointly learn the local stiffness bounds as we deform the template 3D mesh to match each user‐clicked image. We show that this seemingly complex task can be solved as a sequence of convex optimization problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on cats and horses, which are highly deformable and articulated animals. Our framework produces new 3D models of animals that are significantly more plausible than methods without learned stiffness.
Ring Transformation of 1,1-Dioxo-1,2-thiazine-6-carbaldehydes with Nitrogen Nucleophiles to Substituted Pyridine-3-sulfonanilides (1996)

1,1-Dioxo-1,2-thiazine-6-carbaldehydes 1 possessing a masked 1,5-dicarbonyl structure react with hydroxylamine with ring transformation to form the pyridine N-oxides 2. These can be deoxygenated with PCl3 to give the corresponding pyridine-3-sulfonanilides 3, which are available by the reaction of 1 with ammonia as well. The ring transformation of 1 with methylamine, benzylamine and hydrazine produces N-substituted mesoionic pyridinium salts 6-8. The cyclohexane-fused thiazine-6-carbaldehyde 9 can be transformed with ammonia to the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline 10. Reaction of 2 with NaNO2/HCl enables the introduction of the nitro group into the anilide part of the molecule.
Novel Fibers Prepared from Cellulose in NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution (2004)

Abstract Summary: Novel regenerated cellulose fibers have been successfully spun from the cellulose dope in NaOH/urea aqueous solution, which could rapidly dissolve cellulose. The fibers possess circular cross‐sections as well as relatively high molecular weight, and a crystallinity index with cellulose II family crystal structure, leading to good mechanical properties. This technology is simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly, promising to substitute for viscose rayon production having hazardous byproducts. SEM micrograph of the cross‐section of the novel cellulose fibers generated here. image SEM micrograph of the cross‐section of the novel cellulose fibers generated here.
Respiratory Gas Tensions in Tissues and Fluids of the Male Rat Reproductive Tract1 (1976)

Micro oxygen electrodes were used to measure PO2 gradients in rat testes and reproductive tracts. PO2 (mean mm Hg ± SD) in 14 rats was 15.2 ± 3.5 in interstitial tissue, 12.1 ± 3.3 in tubular lumina, 18.1 ± 5.4 in rete testes, 23.2 ± 2.5 and 24.3 ± 1.3, respectively, in caput and cauda epididymides and 23.1 ± 3.6 in vasa deferentia. Mean testicular vein (TV) PO2 in six similarly anesthetized rats was 31.3 ± 10.6 mm Hg. In 12 conscious rats with a mean testicular blood flow of 25.5 ± 7.0 ml/100 g/min, blood PO2 was 86.6 ± 4.7 and 53.4 ± 8.5 mm Hg for femoral artery (FA) and TV blood, respectively, yielding estimates for oxygen uptake of 116–148 μ[unknown] O2/100 mg of testis tissue/h. In five rats (testicular blood flow 19.8 ± 4.8 ml/100 g/min) the blood CO2 content was 38.6 ± 5.9 and 48.3 ± 2.9 ml/100 ml blood for FA and TV, respectively, yielding a CO2 production rate of 114 ± 57 μ[unknown]/100 mg testis tissue/h.
Text Mining (2009)

Giving a broad perspective of the field from numerous vantage points, Text Mining focuses on statistical methods for text mining and analysis. It examines methods to automatically cluster and classify text documents and applies these methods in a variety of areas, including adaptive information filtering, information distillation, and text search. The book begins with the classification of documents into predefined categories and then describes novel methods for clustering documents into groups that are not predefined. It concludes with various text mining applications that have significant implications for future research and industrial use.
Epidermal Cell Differentiation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Determined by a <i>Myb</i> Homolog, <i>CPC</i> (1997)

The roots of plants normally carry small hairs arranged in a regular pattern. Transfer DNA-tagged lines of Arabidopsis thaliana included a mutant with few, randomly distributed root hairs. The mutated gene CAPRICE (CPC) encoded a protein with a Myb-like DNA binding domain typical of transcription factors involved in animal and plant development. Analysis in combination with other root hair mutations showed that CPC may work together with the TTG gene and upstream of the GL2 gene. Transgenic plants overexpressing CPC had more root hairs and fewer trichomes than normal. Thus, the CPC gene determines the fate of epidermal cell differentiation in Arabidopsis.
Energy Harvesting in Pneumatic Tires through Piezoelectric Material and its Life Cycle Environmental Impact (2017)

This research aims to seek the current status of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in running vehicles and its life cycle assessment. The goal is to assess the piezoelectric value to be considered as a future reliable energy source for vehicles which rely on results from prototype demonstrations. Piezoelectric materials can transfer mechanical energy into electrical energy. This kind of energy can be stored and used for other devices. In this case, piezoelectric materials have the potential to provide reliable and cost effective replacement of energy sources. Thus, it can ulti- mately have potential to replace the battery and reduce user costs. This project evaluates the future potential of piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in cars and their environmental impacts. The use of piezoelectric materials in pneumatic tires enables capturing waste energy of cars because of deformations in the tire and weight of the vehicle as well. In the experimental phase a set-up was designed to simulate movement and pressure inside the contact patch of a given car. Outside of the model tire, piezoelectric elements were used to harness energy. Experimental results were compared to a research found in the literature. Comparison showed that this method harvests more energy. Based on the experimental results, this method produced 2.31 w for 56 piezo elements com- parable to 2.3 w for 160 piezo elements found in the literature.\nEnvironmental impacts of these kinds of resources of renewable energy were considered through a life cycle assessment study. The results of the research showed that further evaluation of technol- ogy is required to measure the durability and lifetime of piezoelectric materials. Anyway, to have cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy, it is required to keep costs lower and insure a health- ier environment for the next generation.\nKeywords: Piezoelectric, energy harvesting, waste energy, car, tires, Life cycle assessment
Markov reward approach to performability and reliability analysis (2002)

Performability and reliability modeling techniques and tools have been an area of intensive research activity in the last ten years. We present a unified mathematical framework for performability and reliability models in terms of Markov reward models. The framework presented is not the only one available for performability analysis, but it is the most commonly used one. To complete our exposition, we describe two modeling software packages: SHARPE (Symbolic Hierarchical Automated Reliability/Performance Evaluator) and SPNP (Stochastic Petri Net Package).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination of Snake Well Design & Smart Completions: Key Enablers for Champion West Development (2004)

Abstract This paper describes the combination of the snake well concept and intelligent completions, the introduction of which became the key enablers in developing the Champion West field. The field is characterized by uncertain fluid fills, thin multi-layered and intensely faulted reservoirs with complex fill distributions that include thin oil rims below large gas caps. The key success factors for such a development are the integration of multi-discipline approach in optimising the best development plan, real time interpretation of "reverse" logs, managing the mud rheology, records of drilling parameters for torque and drag and lastly but not the least, the robustness and flexibility of the completion design. All of the above are significantly beneficial as lateral learnings and findings for the Champion West Phase 2 & 3 development plan.
The usefulness of hydrazine derivatives for mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates (2013)

Over the last years, extensive studies have evaluated glycans from different biological samples and validated the importance of glycosylation as one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. Although a number of new methods for carbohydrate analysis have been published and there has been significant progress in their identification, the development of new approaches to study these biomolecules and understand their role in living systems are still vivid challenges that intrigue glycobiologists. In the last decade, the success in analyses of oligosaccharides has been driven mainly by the development of innovative, highly sensitive mass spectrometry techniques. For enhanced mass spectrometry detection, carbohydrate molecules are often derivatized. Besides, the type of labeling can influence the fragmentation pattern and make the structural analysis less complicated. In this regard, in 2003 we introduced the low scale, simple non-reductive tagging of glycans employing phenylhydrazine (PHN) as the derivatizing reagent. PHN-labeled glycans showed increased detection and as reported previously they can be analyzed by HPLC, ESI, or MALDI immediately after derivatization. Under tandem mass spectrometry conditions, PHN-derivatives produced useful data for the structural elucidation of oligosaccharides. This approach of analysis has helped to reveal new isomeric structures for glycans of known/unknown composition and has been successfully applied for the profiling of N-glycans obtained from serum samples and cancer cells. The efficacy of this labeling has also been evaluated for different substituted hydrazine reagents. This review summarizes all types of reducing-end labeling based on hydrazone-linkage that have been used for mass spectrometric analyses of oligosaccharides. This review is also aimed at correcting some past misconceptions or interpretations reported in the literature.
Speckle POF sensor for detecting vital signs of patients (2014)

In this work, both arterial pulse and respiratory rate have been successfully measured based on changes in speckle patterns of multimode fibers. Using two fiber-based transducers, one located on the wrist and another in the chest, both disturbances were transmitted to the fiber, varying the speckle pattern. These variations of the speckle pattern were captured using a commercial webcam and further processed using different methods. The achieved results have been presented and the simultaneous monitoring of both vital signs has been also discussed. The feasibility to use the proposed sensor system for this application is demonstrated.
Mice Lacking the TNF 55 kDa Receptor Fail to Sleep More After TNFα Treatment (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a well characterized sleep-regulatory substance. To study receptor mechanisms for the sleep-promoting effects of TNF, sleep patterns were determined in control and TNF 55 kDa receptor knock-out (TNFR-KO) mice with a B6 × 129 background after intraperitoneal injections of saline or murine TNFα. The TNFR-KO mice had significantly less baseline sleep than the controls. TNFα dose-dependently increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in the controls but did not influence sleep in TNFR-KO mice. Although TNFR-KO mice failed to respond to TNFα, they had an increase in NREMS and a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep after interleukin-1β treatment. These results indicate that TNFα affects sleep via the 55 kDa receptor and provide further evidence that TNFα is involved in physiological sleep regulation. Current results also extend the list of species to mice in which TNFα and interleukin-1β are somnogenic.
Bedside placement of enteral feeding tubes in the intensive care unit (1998)

Washington Hospital Center; Washington, DC (Zaloga) Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC (Roberts)
Team Learning in Technology-Mediated Distributed Teams (2010)

This study examines technological, educational/learning, and social affordances associated with the facilitation of projectbased learning and problem solving in technology-mediated distributed teams. An empirical interpretive research approach using direct observation is used to interpret, evaluate and rate observable manifested behaviors and qualitative content (i.e. discussions) associated with project-based team learning. The theory of affordances and social impact theory are integrated to develop a conceptual model that asserts that collaboration mode (collocated vs. non-collocated and videoconferencing supported) will dictate the quality of information exchange, progressive elaboration of ideas, and the social processes that influence team learning. Team learning is then suggested to yield better productivity and higher perceived interaction quality. Results showed that collaboration mode can impact team information exchange and interpretation and ultimately task outcomes. Further, collaboration mode can also create a social structure that influences the capacity for a team to maintain a mutual supportive and positive climate needed for successful project-based task outcomes. The results offer some extended insights into the technology-mediated collaborative learning process among students in a higher education context as well as in organizational settings. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Chronic depolarization enhances the trophic effects of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in rescuing auditory neurons following a sensorineural hearing loss (2005)

The development and maintenance of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) appears to be supported by both neural activity and neurotrophins. Removal of this support leads to their gradual degeneration. Here, we examined whether the exogenous delivery of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in concert with electrical stimulation (ES) provides a greater protective effect than delivery of BDNF alone in vivo. The left cochlea of profoundly deafened guinea pigs was implanted with an electrode array and drug-delivery system. BDNF or artificial perilymph (AP) was delivered continuously for 28 days. ES induced neural activity in two cohorts (BDNF/ES and AP/ES), and control animals received BDNF or AP without ES (BDNF/- and AP/-). The right cochleae of the animals served as deafened untreated controls. Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) were recorded immediately following surgery and at completion of the drug-delivery period. AP/ES and AP/- cohorts showed an increase in EABR threshold over the implantation period, whereas both BDNF cohorts exhibited a reduction in threshold (P < 0.001, t-test). Changes in neural sensitivity were complemented by significant differences in both SGN survival and soma area. BDNF cohorts demonstrated a significant trophic or survival advantage and larger soma area compared with AP-treated and deafened control cochleae; this advantage was greatest in the base of the cochlea. ES significantly enhanced the survival effects of BDNF throughout the majority of the cochlea (P < 0.05, Bonferroni's t-test), although there was no evidence of trophic support provided by ES alone. Cotreatment of SGNs with BDNF and ES provides a substantial functional and trophic advantage; this treatment may have important implications for neural prostheses.
Nonlinearities in the emission characteristics of stripe-geometry (AlGa)As double-heterostructure junction lasers (1976)

Significant changes in the optical and electrical properties of stripe-geometry (AlGa)As double-heterostructure junction lasers have been observed to accompany a nonlinearity in the current dependence of the lasing emission. Over the nonlinear range, the optical field of the lasing emission shifts continuously with current toward one boundary of the active stripe. Simultaneously, effective gain saturation is lost and additional transverse modes are excited. The increasing gain is believed to occur primarily in spatial regions where the optical intensity is reduced as a result of the transverse motion of the field. Additional observations suggest that this transverse motion results from an interaction between the intense lasing field and the active medium. Consequently, gain depletion is discussed as a possible cause for the transverse instability. Implications of this model for a qualitative understanding of the improved output performance recently obtained from lasers with narrow stripes are also considered.
A Comparison of Soil Shear Strengths as Determined with Field and Laboratory Vane Shear Apparatus (1966)

The increasing use of the field vane shear apparatus3,4 has been noted during the past several years. Even with the many limitations it possesses, a defined degree of reliability has been attached to this method of determining the undrained shear strength of fine-grain plastic soils. This paper presents a comparison of results of undrained shear strengths as obtained by the field vane shear test with those obtained by a laboratory vane shear device. Further comparisons are presented from the use of the “Q” type (unconsolidated-undrained) triaxial compression test on undisturbed specimens. A remolded strength was determined with the field and laboratory vane shear devices, and certain triaxial test specimens were remolded at unaltered water contents. This was also accomplished for comparative reasons. Close agreement under qualified conditions was found to exist between the strength values obtained by the two methods of vane testing as well as the triaxial tests. However, definite variation was found in the shear strengths obtained by laboratory vane testing within a given 30-in.-long undisturbed sample taken in a 3-in. diameter thin-walled tube with a piston sampler.
Buck-Boost Combined with Active Clamp Flyback Converter for PV Power System (2007)

This paper presents an LED lighting system with PV sources. The circuit of the proposed system adopts buck-boost converter associated with flyback converter to charge battery and to drive an LED lighting system. In this research, buck-boost converter is used as a charger for charging battery, and flyback converter with active clamp circuit is adopted to drive the LED lighting. To simplify the circuit structure, switches of two converters are integrated with a synchronous switch technique. With this approach, the proposed system has several merits, which are a less component count, lighter weight, smaller size and higher conversion efficiency. Compared with the conventional converter with hard-switching circuit, the proposed one can improve conversion efficiency of 5% and achieve efficiency about 83% under full load at driving the LED lighting. Experimental results obtained from a prototype with output voltage of 10 V and output power of 20 W have verified its feasibility.