gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Street outreach with no streets. (2005)

A street nurse position in the rural and small-town interior of British Columbia has been addressing the needs of street-involved or otherwise marginalized client populations by bringing healthcare services to wherever those clients are, rather than waiting for the clients to seek care. The primary reason for a street outreach approach is that marginalized populations face a variety of barriers to accessing traditional healthcare services--barriers such as homelessness, mental health problems, criminal involvement, lack of transportation, lack of ability to pay for prescriptions, lack of specialized or knowledgeable providers and provider discrimination. In the rural street nurse program, the target population includes the usual street nurse populations of illegal drug users and sex trade workers, which are more hidden in small communities than in larger urban centres, creating the community denial that is a barrier to healthcare access. Yet another barrier is the co-locaton of services common in small communities, where public health clinics might share a building with police services, making marginalized clients reluctant to attend clinics. The rural street nurse collaborates with public health nurses and other care providers (mental health workers, social workers, etc) with collegial advice and support, making and receiving referrals, and generally assisting one another--the street nurse through his rapport with the marginalized individuals and the others with their specialized knowledge. Rural street services are delivered whereverthe clientsfeel comfortable: a school, a drop-in centre, a mall, a youth centre or simplythe street. Services provided include sexually transmitted infection testing, chlamydia treatments, pregnancy testing emergency contraception pills and assistance with filling out forms for financial support. Accordingly, the street nurse's truck is equipped as a mobile treatment centre and office, with a cellphone and a stock of testing and treatment supplies.
Transmission of electronic effects by icosahedral carboranes; skeletal carbon-13 chemical shifts and ultraviolet–visible spectra of substituted aryl-p-carboranes (1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes) (1998)

A series of para-carboranes (1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes) substituted at one or both carbon atoms by phenyl groups bearing a range of electron-releasing or -withdrawing substituents (X = NMe2, NH2, OH, OMe, Me, CF3 or NO2), principally at the para positions, has been prepared. The carbon-13 NMR shifts of the monoaryl compounds (4-XC6H4)CB10H10CH showed a linear increase in shielding of the unsubstituted (antipodal) cage carbon, C12, and a linear decrease at the substituted position, C1, with increasing electron-donating power of the substituent represented by its Hammett σP value. Purely inductive, σI, or resonance σR, parameters gave less satisfactory plots. The diaryl series of 4-nitrophenyl derivatives showed the same relationships. Calculations of electron densities showed that the 13C NMR shifts correspond with charge density in the tangential p orbitals. The UV absorptions of the monoaryl p-carboranes have substantial red-shifts compared with the corresponding substituted benzenes, while those of the 4-nitrophenyl compounds having 4-dimethylamino or 4-oxide anion substituents in the second phenyl group extend into the visible. The colour is attributed to changes in the nitro n → π* absorption rather than conjugation or intermolecular charge transfer. Two anhydrous polymorphs and a hydrate of the (18-crown-6)potassium salt of this nitrophenoxide have been identified (18-crown-6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane). The results establish that p-carborane transmits electronic effects, perhaps as a formally unsaturated system or possibly in a similar manner to the staffanes (bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes) and other formally saturated hydrocarbon linkages.
Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor by adenosine: Evidence for A2 receptors on rat kupffer cells† (1994)

In liver grafts that will fail as a result of storage injury, reperfusion activates Kupffer cells. Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor by activated Kupffer cells may cause primary graft nonfunction, multiple organ failure and, eventually, death of graft recipients. Carolina rinse solution, adenosine, nisoldipine, pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 reduce graft failure from storage/reperfusion injury. To test the hypothesis that these agents act by suppressing cytokine release by activated Kupffer cells, we assessed the effect of each drug on tumor necrosis factor released from cultured rat Kupffer cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Adenosine, nisoldipine and prostaglandin E1 each suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release. The adenosine A2 receptor agonists. 5-n-ethylcarboxamidadenosine, 2-chloro-adenosine and R-phenylisopropyl adenosine also blocked tumor necrosis factor release in a potency suggestive of A2 receptor activity. Xanthine amine congener, a specific A1 receptor antagonist, failed to reverse the suppression by adenosine of tumor necrosis factor release, whereas CGS15943A, an A2 receptor antagonist, did reverse suppression by adenosine and 5-n-ethylcarboxamidadenosine. CGS15943A had no effect on suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release by nisoldipine or prostaglandin E1. Dibutyryl-cyclicAMP also suppressed tumor necrosis factor release. Adenosine, 5-n-ethylcarboxamidadenosine, prostaglandin E1 and pentoxifylline increased cyclicAMP levels in cultured Kupffer cells, but nisoldipine did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heterogeneous Nucleation in and out of Pores (2006)

We study the nucleation of a new thermodynamic phase in pores and find that the nucleation often proceeds via two steps: nucleation of pore filling, and nucleation out of the pore. These two rates have opposing dependencies on pore size, resulting in a pore size at which the nucleation rate of the new phase is maximal. This finding is relevant to attempts to design and use porous media to crystallize proteins.
Characterization of Controls on High-Resolution Stratigraphic Architecture in Wave-Dominated Shoreface-Shelf Parasequences Using Inverse Numerical Modeling (2011)

International audience
Functional Dichotomy between NKG2D and CD28-Mediated Co-Stimulation in Human CD8+ T Cells (2010)

Both CD28 and NKG2D can function as co-stimulatory receptors in human CD8+ T cells. However, their independent functional contributions in distinct CD8+ T cell subsets are not well understood. In this study, CD8+ T cells in human peripheral blood- and lung-derived lymphocytes were analyzed for CD28 and NKG2D expression and function. We found a higher level of CD28 expression in PBMC-derived naïve (CD45RA+CD27+) and memory (CD45RA-CD27+) CD8+ T cells (CD28Hi), while its expression was significantly lower in effector (CD45RA+CD27-) CD8+ T cells (CD28Lo). Irrespective of the differences in the CD28 levels, NKG2D expression was comparable in all three CD8+ T cell subsets. CD28 and NKG2D expressions followed similar patterns in human lung-resident GILGFVFTL/HLA-A2-pentamer positive CD8+ T cells. Co-stimulation of CD28Lo effector T cells via NKG2D significantly increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. On the contrary, irrespective of its comparable levels, NKG2D-mediated co-stimulation failed to augment IFN-γ and TNF-α production in CD28Hi naïve/memory T cells. Additionally, CD28-mediated co-stimulation was obligatory for IL-2 generation and thereby its production was limited only to the CD28Hi naïve/memory subsets. MICA, a ligand for NKG2D was abundantly expressed in the tracheal epithelial cells, validating the use of NKG2D as the major co-stimulatory receptor by tissue-resident CD8+ effector T cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that NKG2D may provide an expanded level of co-stimulation to tissue-residing effector CD8+ T cells. Thus, incorporation of co-stimulation via NKG2D in addition to CD28 is essential to activate tumor or tissue-infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells. However, boosting a recall immune response via memory CD8+ T cells or vaccination to stimulate naïve CD8+ T cells would require CD28-mediated co-stimulation.
Epstein–Barr virus can infect rabbits by the intranasal or peroral route: An animal model for natural primary EBV infection in humans (2010)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is spread universally in humans, and it causes infectious mononucleosis and sometimes induces serious EBV-associated disease. The detailed mechanism of primary infection in humans has remained unclear, because it is difficult to examine the dynamics of EBV in vivo. In this study, a natural EBV-infection rabbit model by intranasal or peroral inoculation is described. Ten male rabbits were examined for EBV-DNA or mRNA expression and anti-EBV antibodies in blood. Four of 10 rabbits showed the evidence of EBV infection; detection of EBV-DNA or EBV-related genes mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increased EBV antibodies in the plasma, and the presence of lymphocytes expressing EBER1 and EBV-related gene proteins in the lymphoid tissues of a rabbit. Three of four infected rabbits were detected transiently EBV-DNA and/or mRNA of EBV-related genes such as EBNA1, EBNA2, BZLF1, and EA in blood, while in one of four, EBV-DNA and/or mRNA were detected for more than 200 days after viral inoculation. The level of EA-IgG increased and its level was maintained in all infected rabbits, whereas those of VCA-IgM and VCA-IgG increased transiently, and EBNA-IgG was not elevated. Pathological examination of a rabbit infected transiently revealed some scattered lymphocytes expressing EBER1, LMP1, and EBNA2 in the spleen and lymph nodes. EA expression was also observed in the spleen. These findings suggest that EBV can infect the rabbit by the intranasal or peroral route, and that this rabbit model is useful for examining the pathophysiology of natural primary EBV infection in humans.
Noninvasive Image Texture Analysis Differentiates K-ras Mutation from Pan-Wildtype NSCLC and Is Prognostic (2014)

Lower kurtosis and positive skewness are significantly associated with K-ras mutations. A QTA feature such as kurtosis is prognostic for OS and DFS. Non-invasive QTA can differentiate the presence of K-ras mutation from pan-wildtype NSCLC and is associated with patient survival.
Combination effect of AC‐7700, a novel combretastatin A‐4 derivative, and cisplatin against murine and human tumors <i>in vivo</i> (2003)

The in vivo combination effect of AC-7700, a novel combretastatin A-4 derivative, and cisplatin (CDDP) was examined. The combination of AC-7700 and CDDP increased antitumor activity against murine colon 26 tumor in mice and cured the mice. This combination effect was found over wide dosage ranges of AC-7700 (20-80 mg/kg) and CDDP (2.5-5 mg/kg). Moreover, this combination augmented antitumor activity against murine S180 and M109 tumors, and human LX-1 and LS180 tumor xenografts in mice. The effect was the strongest when AC-7700 and CDDP were administered simultaneously. To study this combination effect, we measured the concentrations of CDDP in tumors, plasma and kidneys of the mice with colon 26 tumor. In the combination with AC-7700, the concentration of CDDP in the tumors increased from 0.5 to 96 h after administration, but did not change or decrease in plasma or kidneys. Against human LS180 xenografts in mice, the combination similarly increased the concentration of CDDP in the tumors. These results suggest that AC-7700 may specifically augment the accumulation of CDDP in tumors, and thus has the potential to be useful in combination chemotherapy with CDDP.
New Reflected-Light Microscope for Viewing Unstained Brain and Ganglion Cells (1967)

We have designed and constructed a new type of reflected-light microscope to form images including only light reflected near the plane of the object. This selectivity of image formation is based on a mechanical flying-spot technique. Objects difficult or impossible to see with earlier microscopes, such as unstained cells and cell processes in brains of living salamanders and in excised dorsal root ganglia of frogs, have been observed routinely with this microscope.
Liftoff lithography of metals for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask absorber layer patterning (2012)

The authors present a process for patterning Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) mask absorber metal using
electron beam evaporation and bi-layer liftoff lithography. The Line Edge Roughness (LER) and Critical Dimension
Uniformity (CDU) of patterned chrome absorber are determined for various chrome thicknesses on silicon substrates,
and the viability of the method for use with nickel absorber and on EUVL masks is demonstrated. Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) data is used with SuMMIT software to determine the absorber LER and CDU. The Lawrence
Berkeley National Labs Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT) is used to verify the printability of the pattern down to 24nm half
pitch. The effect of processing on the integrity of the mask multilayer is measured using an actinic reflectometer at the
College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering.
Theory of intrinsic and thermally induced interlayer magnetic coupling between ferromagnetic films separated by an insulating layer (1994)

A formalism developed previously to study the interlayer exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic metal spacer is applied to the case of an insulating spacer. It allows a unified treatment of both cases (metal and nonmetal spacer), provided one introduces the concept of a complex Fermi surface. In contrast to the metal-spacer case, where the exchange coupling decreases with increasing temperature, the coupling across an insulating spacer is found to increase with temperature. This finding is in agreement with recent experimental observations.
The TACO protocol processor simulation environment (2001)

Network hardware design is becoming increasingly challenging because more and more demands are put on network bandwidth and throughput requirements, and on the speed with which new devices can be put on the market. Using current standard techniques (general purpose microprocessors, ASIC's) these goals are difficult to reach simultaneously. One solution to this problem that has recently attracted interest is the design of programmable processors with network-optimized hardware, that is, network or protocol processors. In this paper a simulation framework for a family of TTA protocol processor architectures is proposed. The protocol processors consist of a number of buses with functional units that encapsulate protocol specific operations. The TACO protocol processor simulator is a C++ framework based on SystemC. Functional units are created as C++ classes, which makes it easy to experiment with different configurations of the processor to see its performance.
Steatohepatitis, Spontaneous Peroxisome Proliferation and Liver Tumors in Mice Lacking Peroxisomal Fatty Acyl-CoA Oxidase (1998)

Peroxisomal beta-oxidation system consists of four consecutive reactions to preferentially metabolize very long chain fatty acids. The first step of this system, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), converts fatty acyl-CoA to 2-trans-enoyl-CoA. Herein, we show that mice deficient in AOX exhibit steatohepatitis, increased hepatic H2O2 levels, and hepatocellular regeneration, leading to a complete reversal of fatty change by 6 to 8 months of age. The liver of AOX-/- mice with regenerated hepatocytes displays profound generalized spontaneous peroxisome proliferation and increased mRNA levels of genes that are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Hepatic adenomas and carcinomas develop in AOX-/- mice by 15 months of age due to sustained activation of PPARalpha. These observations implicate acyl-CoA and other putative substrates for AOX, as biological ligands for PPARalpha; thus, a normal AOX gene is indispensable for the physiological regulation of PPARalpha.
Functional Expression of a Tobacco Gene Related to the Serine Hydrolase Family (1997)

We have recently reported the isolation of a tobacco gene, hsr 203J, whose transcripts accumulate during the hypersensitive reaction, a plant response associated with resistance to pathogens. We present and discuss here some structural and biochemical properties of the gene product. Nucleotide sequence analysis has shown that the hsr 203J gene contains an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 335 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence contains the GXSXG motif characteristic of serine hydrolases, and displays limited but significant similarity to lipases and esterases of prokaryotic origin. The hsr 203J gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein, purified to near homogeneity, was able to degrade p-nitrophenylbutyrate, a general substrate for carboxylesterases. The enzyme was unable to hydrolyze lipids, and was active on short-chain acyl esters only. The hydrolytic activity was abolished by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and a derivative of isocoumarin, as expected for a member of the serine hydrolase family. Sequence similarities between the tobacco esterase and expressed sequence tags in databases suggest the existence of members of this enzyme family in various plant species.
Collins GLS architecture for regional and business aircraft (2002)

Regional airline and corporate operators stand to directly gain the most benefit from early use of satellite-based navigation equipment and will continue to benefit as GNSS-based operations and procedures are expanded. Even as a supplemental system, GPS will provide these operators access to new markets by providing instrument approach capabilities at air fields currently not equipped with ground-based navigation aids. To maximize the return on investment, the market has challenged avionics manufacturers to produce equipment that will support today's limited operational capabilities and cost-effective upgrades for future applications (GNSS Landing Systems, high integrity position reporting, etc.). To facilitate growth to a GNSS landing system (GLS) capability, new functional requirements must be anticipated and basic airborne requirements (accuracy, integrity, availability, and continuity), allocated to individual aircraft components. The Collins Pro Line 4 architecture has integrated the ARINC 743A compliant GPS-4000 in a manner that supports migration to GLS by provisioning for forward-compatibility with the Collins' differential GPS (DGPS) approach sensor, the APR-4000, and leveraging the Pro line 4 existing ILS interfaces. The paper presents, by example, the ability of this system architecture to adapt and support SCAT-I, LAAS, and WAAS-based GLS operations.
Indocyanine green clearance test and model for end-stage liver disease score of patients with liver cirrhosis. (2009)

The ICG clearance test and MELD score are good parameters for evaluating liver function. Moreover, K value and R15 have significant correlations with MELD score, especially the K value, which may be a convenient and appropriate indicator to evaluate liver function of patients with liver cirrhosis.
Gated Convolutional Neural Network for Semantic Segmentation in High-Resolution Images (2017)

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental task in remote sensing image processing. The large appearance variations of ground objects make this task quite challenging. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown outstanding performance in this task. A common strategy of these methods (e.g., SegNet) for performance improvement is to combine the feature maps learned at different DCNN layers. However, such a combination is usually implemented via feature map summation or concatenation, indicating that the features are considered indiscriminately. In fact, features at different positions contribute differently to the final performance. It is advantageous to automatically select adaptive features when merging different-layer feature maps. To achieve this goal, we propose a gated convolutional neural network to fulfill this task. Specifically, we explore the relationship between the information entropy of the feature maps and the label-error map, and then a gate mechanism is embedded to integrate the feature maps more effectively. The gate is implemented by the entropy maps, which are generated to assign adaptive weights to different feature maps as their relative importance. Generally, the entropy maps, i.e., the gates, guide the network to focus on the highly-uncertain pixels, where detailed information from lower layers is required to improve the separability of these pixels. The selected features are finally combined to feed into the classifier layer, which predicts the semantic label of each pixel. The proposed method achieves competitive segmentation accuracy on the public ISPRS 2D Semantic Labeling benchmark, which is challenging for segmentation by only using the RGB images.
High performance 1300-nm dilute-nitride quantum well lasers by MOCVD (2003)

InGaAsN QW active lasers have shown promise as the material of choice for the active region of 1300-nm GaAs-based VCSELs. One of the challenges of growing InGaAsN QW lasers by MOCVD is due to the difficulties in incorporating N into the InGaAs QW, while maintaining a high optical quality film. The low purity of the N-precursor used in MOCVD (U-Dimethylhydrazine) is suspected as a possible reason for the low optical quality of MOCVD-grown InGaAsN QWs. In our approach, U-Dimethylhydrazine and AsH/sub 3/ are utilized in the growth of our InGaAsN QW.
A TPD/AES study of the interaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate with iron oxide (.alpha.-Fe2O3) and silicon dioxide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA TPD/AES study of the interaction of dimethyl methylphosphonate with iron oxide (.alpha.-Fe2O3) and silicon dioxideM. A. Henderson, T. Jin, and J. M. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 19, 4607–4611Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100410a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100410a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts