gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Density Studies with a Gamma Gage (1958)

A gamma-gage technique was used successfully for the determination of bone density. In addition, this type of gage, with its great sensitivity, should be applicable to many other tissue-density problems in human subjects. (auth)
Antihypertensive Therapy and Progression of Diabetic Renal Disease (1994)

A number of changes in intrarenal hemodynamics and morphology are characteristic of diabetic nephropathy. These changes include: increases in intraglomerular pressure and volume, glomerular capillary permeability to macromolecules, and mesangial matrix expansion. Most antihypertensive drugs attenuate some of the increases in these parameters. Certain antihypertensive agents, however, have effects on all these parameters. Studies in animal models of diabetes demonstrate that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce both intraglomerular volume and pressure, mesangial matrix expansion, and albuminuria. The calcium antagonists TA-3090 (diltiazem-like) and verapamil recently have been shown to have most of these effects. Conversely, the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (nifedipine, felodipine, nitrendipine) do not attenuate increases in most of these parameters. In several clinical studies, nifedipine either did not affect or increased urinary albumin excretion in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency. Moreover, in animal models of diabetes, most dihydropyridine compounds do not prevent progression of glomerulosclerosis in spite of blood pressure control. Although the majority of clinical studies support the concept that reduction of arterial pressure preserves renal function, recent long-term clinical studies show that ACE inhibitors and heart-rate-lowering calcium antagonists (diltiazem, verapamil) attenuate progression of diabetes to a greater extent than most other agents do.
Growth of GaAs and AlGaAs on Si substrates by atomic hydrogen assisted MBE (H-MBE) for solar cell applications (2002)

The crystalline quality of both GaAs and AlGaAs films grown on Si substrates by atomic hydrogen-assisted low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (H-MBE) technique have been studied using time-resolved photoluminescence method. An average minority carrier lifetime of /spl tau/=1.93 ns has been successfully obtained for n-Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (x=0.2) films on Si grown at a low-temperature of 330/spl deg/C by H-MBE technique (n=2/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/), and was comparable to those grown on GaAs substrates by the conventional MBE. The role of atomic hydrogen in MBE growth process has been discussed based on the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis. The authors have also fabricated GaAs solar cell structures on Si substrates by their technique and their fundamental properties have been briefly discussed.
Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding (2016)

Global demand for macroalgal and microalgal foods is growing, and algae are increasingly being consumed for functional benefits beyond the traditional considerations of nutrition and health. There is substantial evidence for the health benefits of algal-derived food products, but there remain considerable challenges in quantifying these benefits, as well as possible adverse effects. First, there is a limited understanding of nutritional composition across algal species, geographical regions, and seasons, all of which can substantially affect their dietary value. The second issue is quantifying which fractions of algal foods are bioavailable to humans, and which factors influence how food constituents are released, ranging from food preparation through genetic differentiation in the gut microbiome. Third is understanding how algal nutritional and functional constituents interact in human metabolism. Superimposed considerations are the effects of harvesting, storage, and food processing techniques that can dramatically influence the potential nutritive value of algal-derived foods. We highlight this rapidly advancing area of algal science with a particular focus on the key research required to assess better the health benefits of an alga or algal product. There are rich opportunities for phycologists in this emerging field, requiring exciting new experimental and collaborative approaches.
Platelet procoagulant complex assembly in a tissue factor‐initiated system (1994)

The aim of this study was to examine the assembly of the factor IXa/VIIIa (Xase) and factor Xa/Va (IIase) complexes on the platelet surface in a system designed to mimic tissue factor-initiated coagulation. The experimental system contained tissue factor-bearing monocytes, unactivated platelets, and plasma concentrations of factors V, VIII, IX, X, prothrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), antithrombin III (ATIII), and small amounts of factor VIIa. The time courses of platelet activation, coagulation factor binding and thrombin generation were compared. In this system, thrombin generation by the combination of monocytes and platelets was synergistic compared to each cell type alone. Platelet activation and thrombin generation were minimal in the absence of prothrombin or factor X. After a lag period, platelet activation began, followed by progressive binding of factors Va and VIIIa. This was followed by factor IXa and Xa binding and the onset of thrombin generation. Unexpectedly, a transient early increase in platelet-associated factor IX and X was also seen, that was due to release from platelets. The amount of factor IX bound to isolated activated platelets was increased by addition of factor VIIIa, or by activation of factor IX to IXa. In contrast, factor VIIIa binding was not altered by the presence of factor IX or IXa. We conclude that in a tissue factor-initiated system, assembly of the procoagulant complexes on the platelet surface begins after platelet activation occurs. Platelet activation requires thrombin generation in the vicinity of the tissue factor bearing cells. The cofactors Va and VIIIa bind to the platelets and facilitate subsequent binding of factors IXa and Xa to form functional procoagulant complexes.
Presentation of Different Fine Pitch Interconnection Technologies Developed for Optic Applications (2018)

The growing interest for megapixels arrays optical devices (detecting array/emitting array) has highlighted the need for high pixel count and fine pitch interconnection. The LA2P laboratory developed different interconnection technologies in order to optimize the assembly process of optical device. First this paper present the different technologies developed by First, and theory is proposed that shows that the size limitation of “emitting” or “imaging” flip-chipped devices depends on ΔCTE and is independent on the pixel's pitch. Then, mechanical simulation are presented showing the constraint in interconnection technologies. To finish a room-temperature flip-chip consisting on the insertion of Gold capped micro-tubes inside soft Indium pads is presented with mechanical assembly for reliability tests and infrared demonstrator. This assembly process show the possibility to override limitations given by standard or production interconnection assembly process.
Construtivismo: a história de uma palavra como produção crítica do conhecimento e das estratégias educacionais (2008)

Este artigo é um ensaio teórico que analisa a palavra “construtivismo” no contexto da teoria epistemológica de Jean Piaget. Além disto, discute o modo como os educadores do ensino básico compreendem e utilizam este conceito, especialmente a partir da década de 1970. As teorias da linguagem de Mikhail Bakhtin e Walter Benjamin foram utilizadas como referências para a análise do sentido da palavra “construtivismo” no contexto das práticas discursivas dos professores do ensino básico. O uso meramente instrumental da linguagem e a preocupação exclusiva com métodos e técnicas de ensinoaprendizagem, nos cursos de formação de professores, são abordagens consideradas inadequadas para dar conta da complexidade do ato educativo, merecendo uma avaliação crítica dos profissionais da área.
Identification of the amino acid involved in the regulation of bacterial pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase (2013)

Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase (PEPS) catalyze the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Both are regulated by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism involving a bifunctional serine/ threonine kinase and a pyrophosphorylase (PPDK regulatory protein, PDRP, and PEPS regulatory protein, PSRP, respectively). In plants the regulatory mechanism involves phosphorylation of a threonine residue that is separated by a single amino acid from the histidine residue that forms a phosphorylated intermediate during catalysis. Using antibodies, we demonstrated that the regulation of both Listeria monocytogenes PPDK and Escherichia coli PEP synthetase involves the phosphorylation of a threonine residue located close to the catalytic histidine residue. The amino acid located between the regulatory threonine and the catalytic histidine is highly conserved being serine in PPDK and cysteine in PEPS. Using site-directed mutagenesis we have shown that both PPDK and PEPS in which the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, were substituted with an alanine the enzymes could be regulated indicating that the serine and cysteine residues, respectively, are not essential for regulation. We also demonstrated that altering the intermediate amino acid did not alter the specificity of the regulatory proteins for their protein substrates.
Cellular kinetics and modeling of bronchioalveolar stem cell response during lung regeneration (2008)

Organ regeneration in mammals is hypothesized to require a functional pool of stem or progenitor cells, but the role of these cells in lung regeneration is unknown. Whereas postnatal regeneration of alveolar tissue has been attributed to type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII), we reasoned that bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) have the potential to contribute substantially to this process. To test this hypothesis, unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX) was performed on adult female C57/BL6 mice to stimulate compensatory lung regrowth. The density of BASCs and AECII, and morphometric and physiological measurements, were recorded on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 45 after surgery. Vital capacity was restored by day 7 after PNX. BASC numbers increased by day 3, peaked to 220% of controls (P<0.05) by day 14, and then returned to baseline after active lung regrowth was complete, whereas AECII cell densities increased to 124% of baseline (N/S). Proliferation studies revealed significant BrdU uptake in BASCs and AECII within the first 7 days after PNX. Quantitative analysis using a systems biology model was used to evaluate the potential contribution of BASCs and AECII. The model demonstrated that BASC proliferation and differentiation contributes between 0 and 25% of compensatory alveolar epithelial (type I and II cell) regrowth, demonstrating that regeneration requires a substantial contribution from AECII. The observed cell kinetic profiles can be reconciled using a dual-compartment (BASC and AECII) proliferation model assuming a linear hierarchy of BASCs, AECII, and AECI cells to achieve lung regrowth.
Magnetic-Patchy Janus Colloid Surfactants for Reversible Recovery of Pickering Emulsions (2017)

We present a straightforward and robust method for the synthesis of Janus colloid surfactants with distinct amphiphilicity and magnetic responsiveness. To this end, hydroxyl-functionalized amphiphilic Janus microparticles (JMPs) are synthesized by seeded monomer swelling and subsequent photopolymerization. By incorporating controlled amounts of hydroxyl groups on poly(styrene-co-vinyl alcohol) seed particles, we adjust the interfacial tension between the seed polymer and the poly(tetradecyl acrylate) secondary polymer (γ<sub>13</sub>). From theoretical and experimental observations, we verify that when γ<sub>13</sub> is tuned to ∼8.5 mN/m in a medium with controlled solvency, which corresponds to a 0.6 volume fraction of ethanol in water, the particles bicompartmentalize to form oval or ellipsoidal JMPs with controllable bulb dimensions. We also show that bulb site-specific patching of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) can be achieved using the electrostatic interaction between the polyethylenimine-coated bulb surface and the polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs. Finally, we demonstrate that our magnetic-patchy JMPs can assemble at the oil-water interface, enabling magnetic-responsive reversible recovery of Pickering emulsions.
Development of Potential Pharmacodynamic and Diagnostic Markers for Anti-IFN-α Monoclonal Antibody Trials in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2008)

To identify potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers to guide dose selection in clinical trials using anti-interferon-alpha (IFN-α) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we used an Affymetrix human genome array platform and identified 110 IFN-α/β-inducible transcripts significantly upregulated in whole blood (WB) of 41 SLE patients. The overexpression of these genes was confirmed prospectively in 54 additional SLE patients and allowed for the categorization of the SLE patients into groups of high, moderate, and weak overexpressers of IFN-α/β-inducible genes. This approach could potentially allow for an accurate assessment of drug target neutralization in early trials of anti-IFN-α mAb therapy for SLE. Furthermore, ex vivo stimulation of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells with SLE patient serum and subsequent neutralization with anti-IFN-α mAb or anti-IFN-α receptor mAb showed that anti-IFN-α mAb has comparable effects of neutralizing the overexpression of type I IFN-inducible genes as that of anti-IFNAR mAb. These results suggest that IFN-α, and not other members of type I IFN family in SLE patients, is mainly responsible for the induction of type I IFN-inducible genes in WB of SLE patients. Taken together, these data strengthen the view of IFN-α as a therapeutic target for SLE.
Interaction of Two Actin-binding Proteins, Synaptopodin and α-Actinin-4, with the Tight Junction Protein MAGI-1 (2002)

In an attempt to find podocyte-expressed proteins that may interact with the tight junction protein MAGI-1, we screened a glomerulus-enriched cDNA library with a probe consisting of both WW domains of MAGI-1. One of the isolated clones contained two WW domain-binding motifs and was identified as a portion of the actin-bundling protein synaptopodin. In vitro binding assays confirmed this interaction between MAGI-1 and synaptopodin and identified the second WW domain of MAGI-1 to be responsible for the interaction. MAGI-1 and synaptopodin can also interact in vivo, as they can be immunoprecipitated together from HEK293 cell lysates. Another actin-bundling protein that is found in glomerular podocytes and shown to be mutated in an inheritable form of glomerulosclerosis is alpha-actinin-4. We show that alpha-actinin-4 is also capable of binding to MAGI-1 in in vitro binding assays and that this interaction is mediated by the fifth PDZ domain of MAGI-1 binding to the C terminus of alpha-actinin-4. Exogenously expressed synaptopodin and alpha-actinin-4 were found to colocalize along with endogenous MAGI-1 at the tight junction of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The interaction and colocalization of MAGI-1 with two actin-bundling proteins suggest that MAGI-1 may play a role in actin cytoskeleton dynamics within polarized epithelial cells.
The AEIOU hypermedia project (2002)

Austria is celebrating its millennium in 1996: although Austria is much older than 1000 years, the German name for Austria (Ostarici) is first found in a written document dated 996. For this celebration, one of the most ambitious networked multimedia presentations ever is currently being developed. For the name of the project, the acronym AEIOU has been chosen: one may read this as "Annotatable Electronic Interactive Ostarici Universal presentation" or as "Austria Erit In Orbe Ultima" ("Austria will be the best in the world"). Most aspects of Austria are covered by compiling a 50 GByte database that will be available as a series of CD-ROMs, as public kiosk applications and as a multi-platform presentation via the Internet. This paper describes the aim of the project, mentions some of the more unusual details and reports on the status of the development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication and Microstructure of Metal-Coated Carbon Nanofibers using Electroless Plating (2007)

The absorption and the interference shielding of electromagnetic wave have been very important issues for commercial and military purposes. The stealth technique is one of the most typical applications of electromagnetic wave absorption technology. This study has started for the development of composite fillers containing dielectric and magnetic lossy materials. To improve the electromagnetic characteristics of conductive nano fillers, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with nickel-phosphorous (Ni-P) or nickel-iron (Ni-Fe) have been fabricated by the electroless plating process. Observations by the electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) and element analyzer (EDS/ELLS) showed the uniform Ni-P and Ni-Fe coated CNFs. The compositions of the plating layers were about Ni-6wt%P and Ni-70wt%Fe, respectively. The average thicknesses of the plating layers were about .
A Mild Approach to 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and Fused 1,2,4-Triazoles. Diazenes as Intermediates? (1996)

Various hydrazides or heterocyclic hydrazines were used in a one-pot procedure leading to the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazoles or condensed 1,2,4-triazoles.
Profiling of micromagnetic stray fields in front of magnetic recording media and heads by means of a SEM (1984)

A modified scanning electron microscope (SEM) can be used for profiling micromagnetic stray field components in front of magnetic recordings and heads. The physical principle is the deflexion of the primary electron beam by the Lorentz force, if the beam passes the field region. This deflexion is monitored by a two-dimensional electron detector and quantified by a digital video frame memory in connection with a host process computer. Amplitude and direction of the deflexion are directly related to those components of the magnetic field vector which are normal to the electron beam direction. High spatial resolution and sensitivity lead to a high usefulness of the measurement system. The two-dimensional stray field distribution profile in front of a digital magnetic recording and a "flying head" are imaged.
Long Trace Profile Measurements On Cylindrical Aspheres (1989)

A new long-trace optical profiling instrument is now in operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory measuring surface figure and macro-roughness on large optical components, principally long cylindrical mirrors for use in synchrotron radiation beam lines. The non-contact measurement technique is based upon a pencil-beam interferometer system. The optical head is mounted on a linear air bearing slide and has a free travel range of nearly one meter. We are able to sample surface spatial periods between 1 mm (the laser beam diameter) and 1 m. The input slope data is converted to surface height by a Fourier filtering technique which distributes the random noise error contributions evenly over the entire trace length. A number of optical components have been measured with the instrument. Results are presented for fused silica cylinders 900 mm and 600 mm in length and for a fused silica toroid and several electroless nickel-plated paraboloids.
Retrobiosynthesis of D-glucaric acid in a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2010.
Demonstration of retiming capability of silicon bipolar time-division multiplexer operating to 24 Gbit/s (1991)

The retiming capability of a high-speed silicon bipolar time-division multiplexer IC is demonstrated. At an output data rate of 20 Gbit/s a clock phase margin of 150° was measured. The maximum data rate of 24 Gbit/s is the best experimental value reported for silicon multiplexers.
Comparison of Human Hematopoietic Reconstitution in Different Strains of Immunodeficient Mice (2016)

Immunodeficient mice play a critical role in hematology research as in vivo models of hematopoiesis and immunology. Multiple strains have been developed, but hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and immune reconstitution have not been methodically compared among them. Four mouse strains were transplanted with human fetal bone marrow or adult peripheral blood CD34<sup>+</sup> cells: NSG, NSG-3GS, hSCF-Tg-NSG, and hSIRPα-DKO. Hematopoietic engraftment in the bone marrow, blood, spleen, and liver was evaluated by flow cytometry 12 weeks after transplant. The highest levels of human engraftment were observed in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, whereas peripheral blood cell chimerism was notably less. The highest levels of tissue engraftment were in hSCF-Tg-NSG mice, but NSG mice exhibited the highest blood leukocyte engraftment. hSCF-Tg-NSG mice also exhibited the highest levels of CD133<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>++</sup> stem cells. hSIRPα-DKO engrafted poorly and exhibited poor breeding. Myelopoiesis was greatest in NSG-3GS mice, followed by hSCF-Tg-NSG and NSG mice, whereas B cell engraftment exhibited the opposite pattern. Engraftment of CD3<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD161<sup>+</sup> T cells, and CD3<sup>-</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup> NK cells was greatest in NSG-3GS mice. Mast cell engraftment was highest in hSCF-Tg-NSG mice, but was also elevated in spleen and livers of NSG-3GS mice. Basophils were most abundant in NSG-3GS mice. Overall, hSCF-Tg-NSG mice are the best recipient mice for studies requiring high levels of human hematopoiesis, stem cell engraftment, and an intermediate level of myelopoiesis, whereas NSG and NSG-3GS mice offer select advantages in the engraftment of certain blood cell lineages.
Evaluation of camellia oleifera as a source for biodiesel production (2011)

According to the major specifications of biodiesel standards of China, USA and Germany, a criterion has been established for the preliminary evaluation of eight different kinds of camellia oleosa seeds collected from Hubei province as potential biodiesel raw materials. The criterion included: (1) oil content>; 30% in seeds; (2) acid value<; 1mg/gKOH; (3) iodine number<; 120; (4) cetane number>;49; (5) 1.9mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s<; viscosity <; 6.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s; (6) CFPP (cold filter plugging point) <; 0 °C. Eight kinds of camellia oleosa seeds were collected from the southeast of Hubei province. Among those, three kinds of camellia oleosa seeds were found to be appropriate sources for biodiesel production, including chicken heart camellia, algae skin tongzi camellia, hybrid camellia. However, the other kinds of camellia oleosa were not suitable as raw materials for biodiesel due to the low oil content or high acid value.