gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>DeFer</i>: Deferred Decision Making Enabled Fixed-Outline Floorplanning Algorithm (2010)

In this paper, we present DeFer-a fast, high-quality, scalable, and nonstochastic fixed-outline floorplanning algorithm. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DeFer</i> generates a nonslicing floorplan by compacting a slicing floorplan. To find a good slicing floorplan, instead of searching through numerous slicing trees by simulated annealing as in traditional approaches, DeFer considers only one single slicing tree. However, we generalize the notion of slicing tree based on the principle of deferred decision making (DDM). When two subfloorplans are combined at each node of the generalized slicing tree <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">,</i> DeFer does not specify their orientations, the left-right/top-bottom order between them, and the slice line direction. DeFer even does not specify the slicing tree structure for small subfloorplan. In other words, we are deferring the decisions on these factors, which are specified arbitrarily at an early step in traditional approaches. Because of DDM, one slicing tree actually corresponds to a large number of slicing floorplan solutions, all of which are efficiently maintained in one single shape curve. With the final shape curve, it is straightforward to choose a good floorplan fitting into the fixed outline. Several techniques are also proposed to further optimize the wirelength. For both fixed-outline and classical floorplanning problems, experimental results show that DeFer achieves the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">best</i> success rate, the best wirelength, the best runtime, and the best area on average compared with all other state-of-the-art floorplanners.
Chirale Elektronentransfer‐aktive Chinone mit Triptycen‐Teilstrukturen: Synthesekonzeption und Eigenschaften (1988)

Abstract Triptycenazulenochinone 3, 6 und 9 werden aus den entsprechenden Triptycenchinonen 2 und 5 und 8‐Methoxyheptafulven 7 über eine [8 + 2]‐Cycloaddition hergestellt. Umsetzungen von 3 und 6 mit Bortribromid/Methanol ergeben die Bisarylverbindungen 4 und 10 . Mechanistische Aspekte und die Stereochemie letzterer Reaktion werden diskutiert. Die Verbindungen 4, 6 und 10 sind chiral sowie Elektronentransfer‐aktiv und weisen aufgrund ihrer Struktur Möglichkeiten für intramolekulare Wechselwirkungen auf. Durch spektroskopische, elektrochemische und spektroelektrochemische Methoden werden die Eigenschaften ausgewählter Verbindungen untersucht.
Endgruppenbestimmung und molekulare verteilung bei polyäthylenterephthalat. (1959)

Abstract Die Summe von Carboxyl‐ und Hydroxyl‐Endgruppen sehr verschiedenartig hergestellter Polyäthylenterephthalate (PET) wurde durch eine Deuterierungsmethode bestimmt. Es wurde dabei mit Hilfe eines Dichtegradientenrohres die Zusammensetzung von schwerem Wasser analysiert, das sich im Austauschgleichgewicht mit der PET‐Probe befindet. Gleichzeitige Lösungsviskositätsmessungen in Phenol‐Tetrachloräthan 1 : 1 (Gewichtsteile) bei 20°C ergaben unter Berücksichtigung des Methylester‐Endgruppengehaltes als Viskositäts‐Molekulargewichtsbeziehung der unfraktionierten Produkte Fraktionierungen in dem System Phenol‐Cyclohexan bei 70°C ergaben, daß die untersuchten Produkte eine Normalverteilung besaßen. Damit übereinstimmend wurden für Fraktionen bis zu 1,85 mal größere Molekulargewichte gefunden als für unfraktionierte Produkte gleicher Lösungsviskosität. Die Gleichgewichtskonstante der Polykondensation erwies sich als unabhängig vom Molekulargewicht (untersuchter Bereich 400 ≤ M̄ n ≤ 3000).
Electrical resistivity of ferromagnetic nickel and iron based alloys (1976)

International audience
Blood glucose optical bio-implant: Preliminary design guidelines (2010)

A preliminary investigation into the design of a near-infrared (NIR) optical bio-implant for accurate measurement of blood glucose concentration is reported. The use of an array of electrically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes at specific wavelengths for high-power narrow single-frequency emission leads to a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the measured NIR absorption spectrum while maximizing the sensor's sensitivity to small absorption changes. A Quantum well infrared (QWI) photodetector senses the received optical power after passage through the blood sample, followed by an artificial neural network (ANN) for the measurement of glucose in a whole blood matrix. For an independent test set made with bovine blood, the optimal ANN topology for processing the two selected spectral bands yielded a standard error of prediction of 0.42 mM (i.e., 7.56 mg/dl) over the concentration range of 4-20 mM.
<i>SOD2</i> Functions Downstream of Sch9 to Extend Longevity in Yeast (2003)

Signal transduction pathways inactivated during periods of starvation are implicated in the regulation of longevity in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, but the mechanisms responsible for life-span extension are poorly understood. Chronological life-span extension in S. cerevisiae cyr1 and sch9 mutants is mediated by the stress-resistance proteins Msn2/Msn4 and Rim15. Here we show that mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) is required for survival extension in yeast. Deletion of SOD2 abolishes life-span extension in sch9Delta mutants and decreases survival in cyr1:mTn mutants. The overexpression of Sods--mitochondrial Sod2 and cytosolic CuZnSod (Sod1)--delays the age-dependent reversible inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase, a superoxide-sensitive enzyme, and extends survival by 30%. Deletion of the RAS2 gene, which functions upstream of CYR1, also doubles the mean life span by a mechanism that requires Msn2/4 and Sod2. These findings link mutations that extend chronological life span in S. cerevisiae to superoxide dismutases and suggest that the induction of other stress-resistance genes regulated by Msn2/4 and Rim15 is required for maximum longevity extension.
Substituent-Control Exciton in J-Aggregates of Protonated Water-Insoluble Porphyrins (2003)

A series of protonated porphyrin J-aggregates of various water-insoluble tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives was prepared by aggregation at the liquid-liquid or gas-liquid interface. Using atomic force microscopy, we observed microcrystalline porphyrin J-aggregates. The J-aggregates have two strong exciton bands corresponding to the B (Soret)- and Q-bands of the protonated porphyrin. Interestingly, the excitation energy of the lower exciton (denoted by S1) markedly depends on the meso-substituents, whereas that of the higher exciton (denoted by S2) does not depend on them. These results indicate that the nature of the exciton coupling of the S1 transition dipole moment can be systematically changed by the substituents.
Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation - a systematic review (2017)

Overall, sphenopalatine ganglion is a promising target for treating cluster headache using blocks, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation. Sphenopalatine ganglion block also has some evidence supporting its use in a few other conditions. However, most of the controlled studies were small and without replications. Further controlled studies are warranted to replicate and expand on these previous findings.
How Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins Regulate the Metabolic Capacity of the Liver - Implications for Health and Disease (2008)

The liver plays a key role in glucose homeostasis, lipid and energy metabolism. Its function is primarily controlled by the anabolic hormone insulin and its counterparts glucagon, catecholamines and glucocorticoids. Dysregulation of this homeostatic system is a major cause for development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The features of the underlying dynamic molecular network that coordinates systemic nutrient homeostasis are less clear. But recently, considerable progress has been made in elucidating molecular pathways and potential factors involved in the regulation of energy and lipid metabolism and affected in diabetic states. In this review we will focus on important stations in the complex network of molecules that control the balance between glucose production, glucose utilization and regulation of lipid metabolism. Special attention will be paid to the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins with the two major isoforms IRS-1 and IRS-2 as a critical node in hepatic insulin signalling. IRS proteins act as docking molecules to connect tyrosine kinase receptor activation to essential downstream kinase cascades, including activation of the PI-3 kinase or MAPK cascade. IRS-1 and IRS-2 are complementary key players in the regulation of hepatic insulin signalling and expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis and lipid metabolism. The function of IRS proteins is regulated by their expression levels and posttranslational modifications. This regulation within the dynamic molecular network that coordinates systemic nutrient homeostasis will be outlined in detail under the following conditions: after feeding, during fasting and during exercise. Dysfunction of IRS proteins initially leads to post-prandial hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glucose production, and dysregulated lipid synthesis and is discussed as major pathophysiological mechanism for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the molecular regulation and the pathophysiological modifications of IRS proteins is crucial in order to identify new sites for potential intervention to treat or prevent hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In‐patient comparison of immediately loaded and non‐loaded implants within 6 months (2003)

According to the Brånemark protocol, a stress-free healing period is one of the most emphasised requirements for implant integration. Recent studies have encouraged a progressive shortening of the healing period and immediate loading has been proposed for the edentulous mandible. This prospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of 14 immediately loaded FRIALIT-2(R) implants compared with 28 non-loaded controls in an in-patient study. The results were based on clinical stability and on changes of bone level from implant placement to abutment connection 6 months after insertion. In the course of our investigation, seven patients with edentulous mandibles have been treated with 43 implants following an immediate-loading protocol. Six FRIALIT-2(R) implants were placed in the interforaminal region located at positions 34, 33, 32, 42, 43, 44. Bone level in relation to implant margin was measured and recorded. In order to obtain an in-patient comparison of immediately loaded and non-loaded implants, the ones at 33 and 43 were chosen to be immediately loaded by a Dolder-bar retained overdenture. The implants in position 32, 34, 42 and 44 were covered and left to heal. After a healing period of 6 months, second stage surgery was carried out. The clinical criteria to be checked at this point were survival, Periotest values and marginal bone level at the loaded and non-loaded implants. The mean Periotest value was -2.7 for the loaded and -5.6 for the non-loaded implants. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean bone level changes at prosthetic delivery were 0.9 mm resorption for the loaded implants and 0.33 mm for non-loaded implants. The difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). No implant failures were observed up to the prosthetic restoration 6 months post insertion. The results of this investigation allowed for direct comparison of implant survival and clinical results between immediately loaded implants and standard implants. Clinical bone changes at the 6-month evaluation demonstrated significantly higher crestal resorption around loaded implants. This fact was confirmed by higher median Periotest values (-3 vs. -6) of immediately loaded implants. According to the outcome of this study, immediate loading of two interforaminal implants with a Dolder-bar resulted in an intimate bone apposition comparable with implants with submerged healing. Nevertheless, the coronal bone level as well as clinical stability (PTV) were significantly lower in the case of the immediately loaded implants. Future studies will be necessary to evaluate marginal bone resorption, Periotest values and clinical success rates of mandibular immediately loaded implants in the long-term.
Chronic respiratory mycoplasmosis in C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N mice: lesion severity and antibody response (1995)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading, worldwide cause of death and disability due to pneumonia. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice is an invaluable model for the study of host defenses against respiratory mycoplasmas in vivo. C3H/HeN mice are much more susceptible to acute inflammatory lung disease due to M. pulmonis than C57BL/6N mice, but little is known about the chronic disease in these mouse strains. We infected C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N mice with 10(4) CFU of M. pulmonis UAB CT and evaluated them at weekly intervals by quantitative mycoplasma culture of nasal passages, trachea, and lungs, assessment of lesion severity in nasal passages, trachea, and lungs, and determination of serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that C3H/HeN mice had 2 to 5 logs more organisms in their lungs and far more severe lung disease than C57BL/6N mice through 63 days postinfection. Although both strains of mice developed the same classes of antibody, C3H/HeN mice had much greater anti-M. pulmonis immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in the IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses than C57BL/6N mice. These results suggest that adaptive immunity does not effect resolution of chronic mycoplasma infection and disease in the lungs.
International Economic Papers, No. 1: Translations Prepared for the International Economic Association (1952)

Introduction to the Collection A.Peacock Classified Index to Subjects and Contributors Volume 1 Number 1 (1951) Edited by A.T.Peacock, H.S.Houthakker, R.Turvey, F.A.Lutz & E.Henderson Number 2 (1952) Edited by A.T.Peacock, R.Turvey, F.A.Lutz & E.Henderson Volume 2 Number 3 (1953) Edited by A.T.Peacock, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Number 4 (1954) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Volume 3 Number 5 (1955) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Number 6 (1956) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.T.Turvey & E.Henderson Volume 4 Number 7 (1957) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Number 8 (1958) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Volume 5 Number 9 (1959) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & E.Henderson Number 10 (1960) Edited by A.T.Peacock, W.F.Stolper, R.Turvey & H.Liesner Volume 6 Number 11 (1962) Number 12 (1967)
Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists (2013)

Introducing the tools of statistics and probability from the ground up An understanding of statistical tools is essential for engineers and scientists who often need to deal with data analysis over the course of their work. Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists walks readers through a wide range of popular statistical techniques, explaining step-by-step how to generate, analyze, and interpret data for diverse applications in engineering and the natural sciences. Unique among books of this kind, Statistics and Prob
Focusing on the essential (2003)

Attentive displays address the need for rendering power and computer display resolution. The five examples presented here illustrate a common goal with very different approaches to achieving it.
GPS C/A Code Signal Simulation Based on MATLAB (2011)

It will be effectively helpful for GPS receiver's design and receiving algorithm research when the realization of GPS signal simulation. GPS 's range code includes coarse/acquisition code (C/A code) and Precise Code (P code), C/A code is used for civilian navigation. On the basis of studying the principle of C/A code signal and its relevance deeply, then simulated C/A code signal and analyzed its relevance by Matlab. The simulation results showed that this method is feasible, so it is really essential to make further research on the GPS signal in real environment based on this simulation platform so as to the receiver can capture and track the satellite signals in the complex environment, then the performance of the satellite receiver will be improved.
Development of Muscle Insulin Resistance After Liver Insulin Resistance in High-Fat–Fed Rats (1991)

Muscle and hepatic insulin resistance are two major defects of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Dietary factors may be important in the etiology of insulin resistance. We studied progressive changes in the development of high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in tissues of the adult male Wistar rat. In vivo insulin action was compared 3 days and 3 wk after isocaloric synthetic high-fat or high-starch feeding (59 and 10% cal as fat, respectively). Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism were assessed in the conscious 5- to 7-h fasted state with the euglycemic clamp (600 pM insulin) with a [3-3H]-glucose infusion. Fat feeding significantly reduced suppressibility of hepatic glucose output by insulin after both 3 days and 3 wk of diet (P less than 0.01). However, a significant impairment of insulin-mediated peripheral glucose disposal was only present after 3 wk of diet. Further in vivo [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake studies supported this finding and demonstrated adipose but not muscle insulin resistance after 3 days of high-fat feeding. Muscle triglyceride accumulation due to fat feeding was not significant at 3 days but had doubled by 3 wk in red muscle (P less than 0.001) compared with starch-fed controls. By 3 wk, high-fat-fed animals had developed significant glucose intolerance. We conclude that fat feeding induces insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissue before skeletal muscle with early metabolic changes favoring an oversupply of energy substrate to skeletal muscle relative to metabolic needs. This may generate later muscle insulin resistance.
LDL Cholesterol: Its Regulation and Manipulation (1990)

Elevated plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations result primarily from two mechanisms: LDL overproduction and loss of hepatic receptor-dependent LDL removal. This knowledge can be used to lower plasma cholesterol and thereby retard or even reverse atherosclerosis. Pharmacologic agents are useful, as are dietary approaches.
In vivo study of hot compressing molded 50:50 poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) antibiotic beads in rabbits (2002)

The authors investigated poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) beads as an antibiotic delivery system in vivo for the treatment of various surgical infections. In this study, the copolymer 50:50 poly (DL-lactide):co-glycolide was mixed with vancomycin powder and hot compressing molded at 55 degrees C to form 8 mm in diameter biodegradable antibiotic beads. The antibiotic beads were implanted in the distal femoral cavities of rabbits for in vivo investigation. The local concentration of vancomycin was well above the breakpoint sensitivity concentration (the antibiotic concentration at the transition point between bacterial killing and resistance to the antibiotic) for 56 days. The release was most marked during the first day. The diameters of the sample inhibition zone ranged from 8 to 18 mm, and the relative activity of vancomycin ranged from 9.1% to 100%. Only low systemic blood levels of vancomycin were measured after beads implantation. There was no increase in the concentration of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine after the implantation. Histological observations showed that the bead materials were biodegradable, resorbed slowly, and did not cause a significant host reaction. This study offers a biodegradable delivery system of antibiotics to treat various surgical infections.
Effect of multiple transverse modes in self-mixing sensors based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2007)

We investigate the effect of coexisting transverse modes on the operation of self-mixing sensors based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The effect of multiple transverse modes on the measurement of displacement and distance were examined by simulation and in laboratory experiment. The simulation model shows that the periodic change in the shape and magnitude of the self-mixing signal with modulation current can be properly explained by the different frequency-modulation coefficients of the respective transverse modes in VCSELs. The simulation results are in excellent agreement with measurements performed on single-mode and multimode VCSELs and on self-mixing sensors based on these VCSELs.
Retinoid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls apoptosis during thymopoiesis (2000)

To identify the physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, mice deficient in RORgamma function were generated by targeted disruption. RORgamma(-/-) mice lack peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, indicating that RORgamma expression is indispensable for lymph node organogenesis. Although the spleen is enlarged, its architecture is normal. The number of peripheral blood CD3(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes is reduced 6- and 10-fold, respectively, whereas the number of circulating B cells is normal. The thymus of RORgamma(-/-) mice contains 74.4% +/- 8.9% fewer thymocytes than that of wild-type mice. Flow cytometric analysis showed a decrease in the CD4(+)CD8(+) subpopulation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining demonstrated a 4-fold increase in apoptotic cells in the cortex of the thymus of RORgamma(-/-) mice. The latter was supported by the observed increase in annexin V-positive cells. RORgamma(-/-) thymocytes placed in culture exhibit a dramatic increase in the rate of "spontaneous" apoptosis. This increase is largely associated with CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes and may, at least in part, be related to the greatly reduced level of expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-X(L). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a 6-fold rise in the percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle among thymocytes from RORgamma(-/-) mice. Our observations indicate that RORgamma is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and plays an important regulatory role in thymopoiesis. Our findings support a model in which RORgamma negatively controls apoptosis in thymocytes.
Suppression of insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway and collagen expression in keloid-derived fibroblasts by quercetin: its therapeutic potential use in the treatment and/or prevention of keloids (2003)

Because the IGF system plays an important part in fibroblast cell proliferation and collagen production, the described activities of quercetin on the IGF system and collagen expression may provide a novel approach for the use of quercetin in treatment and/or prevention of hypertrophic scar and keloid.
Dendritic cells and the regulation of the allergic immune response (2005)

Studies in mouse models of asthma have revealed a critical role for airway dendritic cells in the induction of Th2 sensitization to inhaled allergens. Under some conditions, subsets of dendritic cells can also induce tolerance or Th1 responses to the same allergens, depending on the context in which the antigen is seen. This article discusses various aspects of DC biology as it relates to allergic sensitization and also provides a summary of the recent evidence that dendritic cells function beyond sensitization.