gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Debugger visualization techniques for parallel architectures (2003)

The author outlines the requirements for debugger visualizations and describes the difficulties involved in devising graphical techniques which reduce the complexity of parallel behavior to manageable proportions. Examples are presented which demonstrate that visualization techniques can elucidate several aspects of run-time behavior. In this sense, they can improve the usefulness of parallel debugging tools: the application of specialized representational schema facilitates the recognition of patterns which would be hidden in any textual report. This allows the human programmer, adept at identifying visual anomalies, to isolate behavioral problems more quickly and accurately.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hyaluronic Acid In the Treatment of TMJ Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2010)

Hyaluronate acid (HA) injections are gaining attention as a treatment option to manage symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, but updated evidence-based data on their effectiveness are actually lacking. The present paper aims to summarize and review systematically the clinical studies on the use of hyaluronic acid injections to treat TMJ disorders performed over the last decade. On November 9, 2009, a systematic search in the National Library of Medicine's PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) database was performed by means of a combined MeSH and word terms to identify all peer-reviewed papers published in the English literature dealing with the hyaluronic acid infiltration in patients affected by TMJ disorders. The selected papers were assessed according to a structured reading of articles format, which provided that the study design was methodologically evaluated in relation to four main issues, viz., population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. Nineteen (N=19) papers were selected for inclusion in the review, twelve (N=12) dealt with the use of hyaluronic acid in TMJ disk displacements and seven (N=7) dealt with inflammatory-degenerative disorders. Only nine groups of researchers were involved in the studies, and less than half of the studies (8/19) were randomized and controlled trials (RCTs). All studies reported a decrease in pain levels independently by the patients' disorder and by the adopted injection protocol. Positive outcomes were maintained over the follow-up period, which was varied among studies, ranging between 15 days and 24 months. The superiority of HA injections was shown only against placebo saline injections, but outcomes are comparable with those achieved with corticosteroid injections or oral appliances. The available literature seems to be inconclusive as to the effectiveness of HA injections with respect to other therapeutic modalities in treating TMJ disorders. Studies with a better methodological design are needed to gain better insight into this issue and to draw clinically useful information on the most suitable protocols for each different TMJ disorder.
Magnetic resonance imaging of large vessel vasculitis (2001)

Conventional x-ray angiography has traditionally played a prominent role in the radiologic evaluation of large vessel vasculitis. Recently, noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) methods have received much attention for their potential to complement and possibly supplant conventional angiography. In particular, promising advances have been made in the areas of MR angiography and physiologic imaging. MR provides high resolution anatomic information, including lumen configuration and vascular wall thickness, and physiologic data, such as measurements of the degree of wall enhancement and the presence of edema. Moreover, imaging data are obtained noninvasively in a multitude of obliquities. Owing to these features, MR occupies a unique role in the evaluation of large vessel vasculitis.
Analyzing the Ignored Environmental Contaminants (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTAnalyzing the Ignored Environmental ContaminantsThe U.S. Geological Survey reports some of the first monitoring data on pharmaceuticals and other emerging organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams.Britt E. EricksonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 7, 140A–145APublication Date (Web):April 1, 2002Publication History Published online1 April 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es022497dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es022497dnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2634Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (60 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Impurities Get e-Alerts
Three Cast Techniques for the Treatment of Extra-Articular Metacarpal Fractures<sbt aid="961535">Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes and Final Fracture Alignments</sbt> (2005)

Most extra-articular metacarpal fractures can be managed nonoperatively. While the conventional wisdom is that the metacarpophalangeal joint should be immobilized in a position of flexion, alternative methods for cast immobilization have been described. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate three methods of closed treatment; specifically, we investigated whether the position of immobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint or the absence of a range of motion of the interphalangeal joints affected the short-term outcome or fracture alignment.Between November 2000 and April 2004, extra-articular metacarpal fractures were immobilized for five weeks in one of three ways: with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 1); with the metacarpophalangeal joints in extension and full interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 2); and with the metacarpophalangeal joints in flexion, the interphalangeal joints in extension, and no interphalangeal joint motion permitted (Group 3). Radiographs and the range of motion were evaluated at five weeks after application of the cast, and the range of motion and grip strength were assessed at nine weeks.Two hundred and sixty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. At five weeks, there was no difference among the treatment methods with regard to the range of motion or the maintenance of fracture reduction. At nine weeks, there was no significant difference with regard to the range of motion or grip strength.When immobilization was discontinued by five weeks, the position of the metacarpophalangeal joints and the absence or presence of interphalangeal joint motion during the immobilization had little effect on motion, grip strength, or fracture alignment. This finding contradicts the conventional teaching that the metacarpophalangeal joint must be immobilized in flexion to prevent long-term loss of joint extension. Patient comfort, ease of application, and the surgeon's familiarity with the technique should influence the choice of immobilization.Therapeutic Level III.
New Evidenceon Cyclical and Structural Sources of Unemployment (2011)

We provide cross-country evidence on the relative importance of cyclical and structural factors in explaining unemployment, including the sharp rise in U.S. long-term unemployment during the Great Recession of 2007-09. About 75% of the forecast error variance of unemployment is accounted for by cyclical factors-real GDP changes (-Okun's Law), monetary and fiscal policies, and the uncertainty effects emphasized by Structural factors, which we measure using the dispersion of industry-level stock returns, account for the remaining 25 percent. For U.S. long-term unemployment the split between cyclical and structural factors is closer to 60-40, including during the Great Recession.
Blocking harmful blue light while preserving image color appearance (2016)

Recent study in vision science has shown that blue light in a certain frequency band affects human circadian rhythm and impairs our health. Although applying a light blocker to an image display can block the harmful blue light, it inevitably makes an image look like an aged photo. In this paper, we show that it is possible to reduce harmful blue light while preserving the blue appearance of an image. Moreover, we optimize the spectral transmittance profile of blue light blocker based on psychophysical data and develop a color compensation algorithm to minimize color distortion. A prototype using notch filters is built as a proof of concept.
Fast and stable acquisition by utilizing multi-component code under very low C/N conditions: Application to acquisition in TDMA satellite communication systems (2005)

The method of frame synchronization in which the acquisition time is drastically reduced by using multi-component code is well known. There is a danger in this method, however, that large acquisition delays may occur in a low C/N environment due to errors of the partial correlation values. The purpose of this paper is to apply a multi-component code to acquisition in an effort to improve the performance of TDMA systems. The operation of the proposed acquisition method and the acquisition time performance in a low C/N environment are evaluated by experiment, theoretical analysis, and computer simulation and guidelines for acquisition system design to achieve fast and stable operation are proposed. The S/N value at the correlator output required for realizing the desired performance is determined. It is also shown here that performance can be improved greatly by providing a correlation detector with hysteresis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(5): 50–66, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20157
『荘子』の孔子寓言研究 : 物語論的アプローチ (2007)

在于《庄子》的寓言, 最屡次登场的人物是孔子。关于这个孔子, 从来的研究重视孔子说话的意味内容。结果, 根据孔子的发言内容, 有的把孔子作为儒家, 有地把他作为道家。各个研究者为了解决这个矛盾, 让孔子的发言位置在历史演变上。可是, 这个研究究竟用于儒家和道家的图式掌握《庄子》里的孔子。在于这图式, 把《庄子》里的孔子作为儒家和道家的折中主义者, 有还是他在《庄子》旦被嘲笑而讥讽。还有些研究者说, 《庄子》把他作为儒家的象征批判当时的儒家。这些研究都是本文以外的知识来解释《庄子》寓言里所存在的孔子的意义。 可是, 我们, 不做分析物语言说, 不能解释物语内容、物语意味。我要从物语论的观点来分析孔子寓言。就是说, 把对话形式, 讲话的人, 听者, 登场人物, 直接叙述法, 间接叙述法, 时间, 场所转换, 时间推移作为分析项目, 明确孔子的机能。由于这个分析结果, 我们抽出以下的孔子的机能。孔子, 他是讲话的人的时候, 他经常说《庄子》思想, 而且听者是他的弟子或者为政者。他是昕者的时候, 讲话的人是老子, 大公任等等道家, 他们都说《庄子》思想。还有些孔子的机能, 但是其中最重要的是, 他昕《庄子》思想后, 自己反省, 而且把他自己改变自己的思想。换句话说, 孔子把他自己变成提倡《庄子》思想的人。这就是《庄子》里的孔子寓言的目的。
Regulation of Endothelial CD73 by Adenosine: Paracrine Pathway for Enhanced Endothelial Barrier Function (2000)

During episodes of inflammation, multiple cell types release adenine nucleotides in the form of ATP, ADP, 5'-AMP, and adenosine. In particular, following activation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes release larger quantities of 5'-AMP. Extracellular 5'-AMP is metabolized to adenosine by surface-expressed 5'-ectonucleotidase (CD73). Adenosine liberated by this process activates surface adenosine A(2B) receptors, results in endothelial junctional reorganization, and promotes barrier function. We hypothesized that adenosine signaling to endothelia provides a paracrine loop for regulated expression of CD73 and enhanced endothelial barrier function. Using an in vitro microvascular endothelial model, we investigated the influence of 5'-AMP; adenosine; and adenosine analogues on CD73 transcription, surface expression, and function. Initial experiments revealed that adenosine and adenosine analogues induce CD73 mRNA (RT-PCR), surface expression (immunoprecipitation of surface biotinylated CD73), and function (HPLC analysis of etheno-AMP conversion to ethenoadenosine) in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Subsequent studies revealed that similar exposure conditions increase surface protein through transcriptional induction of CD73. Analysis of DNA-binding activity by EMSA identified a functional role for CD73 cAMP response element and, moreover, indicated that multiple cAMP agonists induce transcriptional activation of functional CD73. Induced CD73 functioned to enhance 5'-AMP-mediated promotion of endothelial barrier (measured as a paracellular flux of 70-kDa FITC-labeled tracer). These results provide an example of transcriptional induction of enzyme (CD73) by enzymatic product (adenosine) and define a paracrine pathway for the regulated expression of vascular endothelial CD73 and barrier function.
List Mode PET reconstruction (2012)

PET technology has an important role in modern medical diagnostics. With this process we can view snapshot of a given part of the body’s metabolism which provides more information than examining the organ’s anatomy. Processing list mode measurement data is a demanding task, to solve this problem we use GPU which provides the necessary parallel architecture. The list mode approach’s main benefit is that we can assign TOF (Time Of Flight) and energy information to every annihilation event. In this work, we will show in detail how can we effectively utilize the GPU to reconstruct from list mode data.
Salivary cortisol measurement in normal-weight, obese and anorexic women: comparison with plasma cortisol (2001)

Salivary cortisol measurement is a valuable and convenient alternative to plasma cortisol measurement. It enables demonstration of the overdrive of the HPA axis in anorexia nervosa and subtle perturbations of the cortisol diurnal rhythm in women with visceral obesity. With the establishment of more specific and widely acceptable cut-off values for dynamic testing, measurement of salivary cortisol could largely replace plasma cortisol measurement.
Immunogenicity and Efficacy in<i>Aotus</i>Monkeys of Four Recombinant<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Vaccines in Multiple Adjuvant Formulations Based on the 19-Kilodalton C Terminus of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (2000)

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of four versions of recombinant C-terminal 19-kDa epidermal growth factor-like region of the major surface protein 1 (rMSP1(19)) of Plasmodium falciparum was studied in Aotus monkeys. Vaccination with each of the four rMSP1(19) constructs elicited high levels of antibodies to MSP1(19) but only one construct, the 19-kDa fragment expressed as a secreted fusion protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yP30P2MSP1(19)), induced a high degree of protective immunity in Aotus nancymai against lethal P. falciparum challenge. Protective formulation required Freund's adjuvant; vaccination with yP30P2MSP1(19) in six other adjuvants that are suitable for human use induced lower levels of antibody response and no protection. These results emphasize the need to continue the search for an adjuvant that is comparable to Freund's adjuvant in potency and is safe for use in humans.
A Lexicon-Enhanced Method for Sentiment Classification: An Experiment on Online Product Reviews (2009)

As an emerging communication platform, Web 2.0 has led the Internet to become increasingly user-centric. People are participating in and exchanging opinions through online community-based social media, such as discussion boards, Web forums, and blogs. Along with such trends, an increasing amount of user-generated content containing rich opinion and sentiment information has appeared on the Internet. Understanding such opinion and sentiment information has become increasingly important for both service and product providers and users because it plays an important role in influencing consumer purchasing decisions.
Sensitization of unmyelinated sensory fibers of the joint nerve to mechanical stimuli by interleukin‐6 in the rat: An inflammatory mechanism of joint pain (2006)

IL-6 has the potential to sensitize C fibers in the joint to mechanical stimulation. Thus, IL-6 contributes to mechanical hypersensitivity, most likely due to an action of IL-6 on nerve fibers themselves.
Targeted inhibition of p38 MAPK promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy through upregulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling (2003)

The MAPKs are important transducers of growth and stress stimuli in virtually all eukaryotic cell types. In the mammalian heart, MAPK signaling pathways have been hypothesized to regulate myocyte growth in response to developmental signals or physiologic and pathologic stimuli. Here we generated cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative mutants of p38α, MKK3, or MKK6. Remarkably, attenuation of cardiac p38 activity produced a progressive growth response and myopathy in the heart that correlated with the degree of enzymatic inhibition. Moreover, dominant-negative p38α, MKK3, and MKK6 transgenic mice each showed enhanced cardiac hypertrophy following aortic banding, Ang II infusion, isoproterenol infusion, or phenylephrine infusion for 14 days. A mechanism underlying this enhanced-growth profile was suggested by the observation that dominant-negative p38α directly augmented nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcriptional activity and its nuclear translocation. In vivo, NFAT-dependent luciferase reporter transgenic mice showed enhanced activation in the presence of the dominant-negative p38α transgene before and after the onset of cardiac hypertrophy. More significantly, genetic disruption of the calcineurin Aβ gene rescued hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and depressed functional capacity observed in p38-inhibited mice. Collectively, these observations indicate that reduced p38 signaling in the heart promotes myocyte growth through a mechanism involving enhanced calcineurin-NFAT signaling.
Towards A Standard in Forcast (1993)

SummaryThis paper reports on progress made towards providing a neutral form, within the EUREKA project FORCAST (reference EU:358), to support data exchange and the re-use of deliverables. First, a brief overview is given of FORCAST — a project which aims to improve the performance of production within industry. Next, work in the standardisation area of FORCAST is described which is mainly related to the provision of a common framework for the use of tools such as simulators and schedulers in manufacturing. The paper discusses standards used for FORCAST data modelling, the structure of the models themselves, the initial software developments, and the role for the emerging international standard, EXPRESS, within FORCAST.
Early development and regression in Rett syndrome (2013)

This study utilized developmental profiling to examine symptoms in 14 girls with genetically confirmed Rett syndrome and whose families were participating in the Australian Rett syndrome or InterRett database. Regression was mostly characterized by loss of hand and/or communication skills (13/14) except one girl demonstrated slowing of skill development. Social withdrawal and inconsolable crying often developed simultaneously (9/14), with social withdrawal for shorter duration than inconsolable crying. Previously acquired gross motor skills declined in just over half of the sample (8/14), mostly observed as a loss of balance. Early abnormalities such as vomiting and strabismus were also seen. Our findings provide additional insight into the early clinical profile of Rett syndrome.
Human Papillomavirus Drives Tumor Development Throughout the Head and Neck: Improved Prognosis Is Associated With an Immune Response Largely Restricted to the Oropharynx (2016)

Purpose In squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC), the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) is attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite commonly presenting at late stage, HPV-driven OPSCCs are associated with improved prognosis compared with HPV-negative disease. HPV DNA is also detectable in nonoropharyngeal (non-OPSCC), but its pathogenic role and clinical significance are unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HPV plays a causal role in non-OPSCC and to investigate whether HPV confers a survival benefit in these tumors. Methods Meta-analysis was used to build a cross-tissue gene-expression signature for HPV-driven cancer. Classifiers trained by machine-learning approaches were used to predict the HPV status of 520 HNSCCs profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas project. DNA methylation data were similarly used to classify 464 HNSCCs and these analyses were integrated with genomic, histopathology, and survival data to permit a comprehensive comparison of HPV transcript-positive OPSCC and non-OPSCC. Results HPV-driven tumors accounted for 4.1% of non-OPSCCs. Regardless of anatomic site, HPV+ HNSCCs shared highly similar gene expression and DNA methylation profiles; nonkeratinizing, basaloid histopathological features; and lack of TP53 or CDKN2A alterations. Improved overall survival, however, was largely restricted to HPV-driven OPSCCs, which were associated with increased levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with HPV-driven non-OPSCCs. Conclusion Our analysis identified a causal role for HPV in transcript-positive non-OPSCCs throughout the head and neck. Notably, however, HPV-driven non-OPSCCs display a distinct immune microenvironment and clinical behavior compared with HPV-driven OPSCCs.
Effect of Glucose upon Alkaline Picrate: A Jaffé Interference (1990)

The reactivity of glucose in aqueous alkaline picrate was investigated by spectrophotometry and polarography at 25 degrees C in 0.51 mol/l sodium hydroxide. Thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy studies have conclusively identified the presence of picramic acid in 5:1 and 10:1 glucose picrate test solutions incubated at 25 degrees C. The polarographic data of an alkaline picrate blank with a concentration of 0.284 mmol/l, show three well-defined nitro group reduction waves with approximate half-wave potentials of -0.62 V, -0.78 V, and -0.93 V and a fourth broad wave appearing near -1.31 V versus a saturated calomel electrode. The addition of glucose to alkaline picrate resulted in a decreased diffusion current for reduction waves 1-3, with little change in reduction wave 4. The reactivity of test solutions containing glucose:picrate in 1:1, 2:1, 5:1 and 10:1 molar ratios was investigated at varied time intervals between 10 and 180 minutes. The absorption spectra of a 10:1 glucose:picrate solution shifted from 356 nm to 375 nm and a broad tailing shoulder absorbance formed in the 450-600 nm region. An orange coloured minor product, separated by thin-layer chromatography, was observed to fluoresce. The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths were 318 nm and 545 nm, respectively. A major, red-coloured product was isolated and identified as picramic acid by infrared spectroscopy. For 10:1 glucose:picrate test solutions incubated at 25 degrees C, picramic acid formed within 10 minutes. Within the first minute, the colour was observed to change from yellow to orange and then to red.
Physics I for dummies (2011)

The fun and easy way to get up to speed on the basic concepts of physics For high school and undergraduate students alike, physics classes are recommended or required courses for a wide variety of majors, and continue to be a challenging and often confusing course. Physics I For Dummies tracks specifically to an introductory course and, keeping with the traditionally easy-to-follow Dummies style, teaches you the basic principles and formulas in a clear and concise manner, proving that you don't have to be Einstein to understand physics!