gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction de surfaces à partir d'images tridimensionnelles : approche discrète et approche par modèle déformable (1998)

This thesis is about the recovery of geometric representations from three-dimensional images. These representations are critical in many medical applications (surgical planning and simulation, intra-operative navigation, prosthesis manufacturing, etc) ; in cellular biology, they help in understanding the organization and metabolism of microscopic entities. Two approaches can be undertaken : - Methods based on discrete reconstruction quickly provide geometric representations from these data, but neglect the problem of segmenting the image into its components. Two of these methods are particularly used~ : the marching-cubes, which builds a triangulated surface, and the surface tracking, which delimits a digital surface. By introducing several features of digital topology, we show that these two representations are equivalent. Therefore, their respective properties can be combined efficiently. - Methods based on deformable models gather the operations of segmentation and reconstruction into a single process : models seek image components by deforming their shape according to external forces, computed from the image, and internal constraints, derived from their geometric structure. Existing models are often restricted to the recovery of simple shapes. We propose a generic deformable model, based on a triangulated surface, which can automatically adapt its mesh topology to the deformations of its geometry. With this ability, the model can track and recover arbitrarily complex shapes of images and carry out their coarse-to-fine extraction with a multi-resolution approach. Finally, we exhibit the potentialities of this model on biomedical data coming from various modalities. The results are compared with the ones obtained by discrete reconstruction, and then combined to take advantage of the characteristics of both approaches.
Serotyping of Vibrio anguillarum (1986)

A serotyping scheme based on the detection of O antigens by slide agglutination in fish-pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum is presented. Over a period of 5 years 270 Vibrio strains from feral and cultured fish, 189 strains from the environment, and 36 strains from invertebrates were collected. The strains were divided into 10 distinct serotypes (O1 through O10). More than 90% of the fish-pathogenic strains, but only 40% of the environmental strains, were typable; 71% of the strains isolated from cultured rainbow trout were serotype O1, whereas 78% of the strains isolated from feral fish were serotype O2. No dominating environmental serotype was found. A serotyping system for V. anguillarum is proposed. A total of 90 strains received from culture collections and laboratories in different countries were typed according to the present system.
The Kowledge-Based Simulation System (1986)

To answer what-if questions, KBS uses artificial intelligence techniques to model complex organizations, recognize cause-and-effect relations, and generates scenarios automatically.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and Radiation Synovectomy Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (1992)

Current research in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and radiation synovectomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor is reviewed. In the last few years, major emphasis has been placed on the development of BNCT primarily for treatment of brain tumors. This has required a concerted effort in epithermal beam design and construction as well as the development of analytical capabilities for 10B analysis and patient treatment planning. Prompt gamma analysis and high-resolution track-etch autoradiography have been developed to meet the needs, respectively, for accurate bulk analysis and for quantitative imaging of 10B in tissue at subcellular resolutions. Monte Carlo-based treatment planning codes have been developed to ensure optimized and individualized patient treatments. In addition, the development of radiation synovectomy as an alternative therapy to surgical intervention in joints that are affected by rheumatoid arthritis is described.
<i>In-vitro</i> evaluation of sulbactam, a penicillanic acid sulphone with β-lactamase inhibitory properties (1982)

The activity of the penicillanic acid sulphone, sulbactam, was investigated in vitro. The antibiotic exhibited similar activity to benzylpenicillin against ampicillin-sensitive Escherichia coli and maintained its activity against most ampicillin-resistant strains of enterobacteria. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of sulbactam restored the activity of ampicillin against most resistant enterobacteria irrespective of species. In experiments in an in-vitro model of the treatment of bacterial cystitis, sulbactam alone suppressed bacterial growth for therapeutically acceptable periods, providing sufficient concentration of the drug was achieved. Concentrations of sulbactam that alone had no antibacterial effect allowed ampicillin to achieve a prolonged inhibitory effect against otherwise resistant strains.
A nonparametric analysis of the personal income distribution across the provinces and states in the U.S. and Canada (2003)

Baumol (1986) and Quah (1993) have all been strong proponents of the idea of grouping similar countries or economies into different convergence clubs, such as the rich country club, the poor country club etc.While overall convergence may not exist, countries within a convergence club may show signs of convergence (club convergence). regression results.From the above one may realize that the test of multi-modality can be very useful in the research of income distributions.As indicated by Zhu ( 2002) important hypotheses such as income convergence, polarization, poverty traps and "vanishing middle class" can' be formulated as a question of multi-modality.In this paper, several nonparametric approaches, specifically, an adaptive kernel density estimator, one mode 4 testing procedures, stochastic kernel and Markov transition probability matrix were used to investigate convergence issues and analyze distribution dynamics of the personal income distribution across the 59 provinces and states in the US and Canada.The non-parametric approach used in this paper is different from a conventional one.No particular functional form is imposed on the underlying density as in parametric approach.The empirical results of this work indicate that over the study period 1950-2000, multimodality is a significant feature of the regional personal income distribution across the U.S. and Canada.Convergence (unimodality) is found over the 1950s and most of the 1960s.Evidence in favor of bimodality is found during the 1970's and the 1980's.In the 1990s, there is a strong indication that the number of the poor regions increased dramatically.A mode is defined as a point at which the gradient of the density changes from positive to negative.
Thermal performance of Inkjet-assisted spray cooling in a closed system (2012)

As the number of processors per die increase, chip thermal hotspots become increasingly more concentrated within smaller and smaller areas. Furthermore, these hotspots can change as processors are dynamically throttled or taken in and out of sleep mode based upon load and overall thermal budgets. Current cooling solutions (e.g. heatsinks, heatpipes, and even liquid cooling solutions) extract heat from the chip level but cannot independently control temperature at the hotspot level. The presented solution utilizes InkJet heads to deliver precise coolant flow rate independently to each chip location to maintain very high heat transfer rate via sustained liquid-to-vapor phase change. The result is a 10-100x improvement in thermal extraction rates over existing cooling solutions, achieving heat transfer rate as high as 4.5kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Additionally, because each hotspot is maintained independently eliminating any large temperature gradient over the entire chip surface area, the ability to operate chips at higher operating points is now possible. This paper presents a heat sink prototype based on the inkjet-assisted spray cooling technology. The heat sink utilizes an air-cooled vapor chamber to condense and recirculate the evaporated liquid to achieve a fully closed system within the vapor chamber enclosure. The design of the prototyped solution is presented.
Towards Automated Melanoma Screening: Exploring Transfer Learning Schemes (2016)

Deep learning is the current bet for image classification. Its greed for huge amounts of annotated data limits its usage in medical imaging context. In this scenario transfer learning appears as a prominent solution. In this report we aim to clarify how transfer learning schemes may influence classification results. We are particularly focused in the automated melanoma screening problem, a case of medical imaging in which transfer learning is still not widely used. We explored transfer with and without fine-tuning, sequential transfers and usage of pre-trained models in general and specific datasets. Although some issues remain open, our findings may drive future researches.
Impact of antipsychotic treatments on the motivation to eat: preliminary results in 153 schizophrenic patients (2009)

Many aspects of the motivation to eat are involved in the impairment of adequate food intake and body weight control. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by adopting widely used eating questionnaires, the Three Factors Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the associations of different antipsychotic medications with the food attitudes of 153 schizophrenic patients: we compared 93 individuals treated with atypical antipsychotics, 27 treated with conventional neuroleptics and 33 untreated patients. We did not find any difference according to sex, but the mean body mass index varied significantly among the three groups of patients. The DEBQ external eating factor was higher in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics than in patients who received conventional neuroleptics (P=0.035). The TFEQ disinhibition and DEBQ emotional eating scores tended to change among the three types of treatment. Patients with metabolic syndrome (19%) had lower DEBQ external eating scores (P=0.044) and a tendency of higher TFEQ disinhibition scores. The TFEQ disinhibition and hunger scores increased according to the body mass index (P=0.003; P=0.017). The main outcome of this study is that the patients treated with atypical antipsychotics were more reactive to external eating cues, which could partly explain the higher weight gain often reported in these patients.
Synthesis of related substances of Tramadol hydrochloride, analgesic drug (2012)

Tramadol hydrochloride is a mild, non-addictive, ce ntrally acting binary analgesic agent, during the p rocess development of Tramadol hydrochloride, four related substances (Impurities) were observed along with t he final API.Those impurities were identified as,[2-(3-metho xyphenyl) cyclohex-1-enyl]-N,N-dimethylmethanamine hydrochloride( 6),(1RS)-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-enyl]-N,N-di methylmethanaminehydrochloride( 7),(3((1R,2R)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-hydroxyclohexy l)phenol hydrochloride( 9) and 3,3'-Dimethoxy-biphenyl( 11 ). Present work describes the synthesis and characteri zation of all these four impurities.
Long Term Evolution (2010)

While 3G has been an outstanding success, the ever-growing demand for higher data rates and higher quality mobile communication services continues to fuel conflict between the rapidly growing number of users and limited bandwidth resources. In the future, a 100-fold increase in mobile data traffic is expected. That will necessitate further improvements to 3GPP LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and create limitless opportunities for engineers who understand the technology and how to apply it to deliver enhanced services.Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology outlines the best way to position yourself now for future success. With coverage ranging from basic concepts to current research, this comprehensive reference contains technical information about all aspects of 3GPP LTE. It details low chip rate, high-speed downlink/uplink packet access (HSxPA)/TDSCDMA EV 1x, LTE TDD, and 3G TDD. It introduces new technologies and covers methodologies to study the performance of frequency allocation schemes. The authors also discuss the proposed architecture of Mobile IPRR and distributed dynamic architecture in wireless communication, covering performance evaluation of the TD-SCDMA LTE System.With each passing day, more and more users are demanding mobile broadband data access everywhere, to facilitate synchronization of e-mails, Internet access, specific applications, and file downloads to mobile devices such as cell phones, smart phones, PDAs, and notebooks. LTE, successor to the 3G mobile radio network, is essential to creating radio coverage in the rollout phase and high capacity all over the radio cell in the long term. The 3GPP LTE will become increasingly crucial to supporting the high demand of data traffic rates generated by future mobile user terminals. Authored by international experts in the field, this practical book is an extremely valuable guide that addresses emerging current and future technologies associated with LTE and its future direction.
Enhanced Effector and Memory CTL Responses Generated by Incorporation of Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK)/RANK Ligand Costimulatory Molecules into Dendritic Cell Immunogens Expressing a Human Tumor-Specific Antigen (2003)

The outcome of dendritic cell (DC) presentation of Ag to T cells via the TCR/MHC synapse is determined by second signaling through CD80/86 and, importantly, by ligation of costimulatory ligands and receptors located at the DC and T cell surfaces. Downstream signaling triggered by costimulatory molecule ligation results in reciprocal DC and T cell activation and survival, which predisposes to enhanced T cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, we used adenoviral vectors to express a model tumor Ag (the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus 16) with or without coexpression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) or CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules, and used these transgenic DCs to immunize mice for the generation of E7-directed CD8(+) T cell responses. We show that coexpression of RANK/RANKL, but not CD40/CD40L, in E7-expressing DCs augmented E7-specific IFN-gamma-secreting effector and memory T cells and E7-specific CTLs. These responses were also augmented by coexpression of T cell costimulatory molecules (RANKL and CD40L) or DC costimulatory molecules (RANK and CD40) in the E7-expressing DC immunogens. Augmentation of CTL responses correlated with up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression in DCs transduced with costimulatory molecules, suggesting a mechanism for enhanced T cell activation/survival. These results have generic implications for improved tumor Ag-expressing DC vaccines, and specific implications for a DC-based vaccine approach for human papillomavirus 16-associated cervical carcinoma.
Nanoscale resonant-cavity-enhanced germanium photodetectors with lithographically defined spectral response for improved performance at telecommunications wavelengths (2013)

We demonstrate the use of a subwavelength planar metal-dielectric resonant cavity to enhance the absorption of germanium photodetectors at wavelengths beyond the material's direct absorption edge, enabling high responsivity across the entire telecommunications C and L bands. The resonant wavelength of the detectors can be tuned linearly by varying the width of the Ge fin, allowing multiple detectors, each resonant at a different wavelength, to be fabricated in a single-step process. This approach is promising for the development of CMOS-compatible devices suitable for integrated, high-speed, and energy-efficient photodetection at telecommunications wavelengths.
Individual and Domain Adaptation in Sentence Planning for Dialogue (2007)

One of the biggest challenges in the development and deployment of spoken dialogue systems is the design of the spoken language generation module. This challenge arises from the need for the generator to adapt to many features of the dialogue domain, user population, and dialogue context. A promising approach is trainable generation, which uses general-purpose linguistic knowledge that is automatically adapted to the features of interest, such as the application domain, individual user, or user group. In this paper we present and evaluate a trainable sentence planner for providing restaurant information in the MATCH dialogue system. We show that trainable sentence planning can produce complex information presentations whose quality is comparable to the output of a template-based generator tuned to this domain. We also show that our method easily supports adapting the sentence planner to individuals, and that the individualized sentence planners generally perform better than models trained and tested on a population of individuals. Previous work has documented and utilized individual preferences for content selection, but to our knowledge, these results provide the first demonstration of individual preferences for sentence planning operations, affecting the content order, discourse structure and sentence structure of system responses. Finally, we evaluate the contribution of different feature sets, and show that, in our application, n-gram features often do as well as features based on higher-level linguistic representations.
A <i>Salmonella dublin</i> virulence plasmid locus that affects bacterial growth under nutrient‐limited conditions (1992)

This paper reports the characterization of a new locus, vagC/vagD, on the virulence plasmid of Salmonella dublin. Strain G19, harbouring a TnA insertion in vagC, exhibited reduced virulence although vagC was outside the 8 kb essential virulence region. G19 was also unable to grow on minimal-medium containing various sole carbon/energy sources, unlike the wild-type and plasmid-cured strains. Sequencing of the locus revealed the presence of two ORFs (vagC and vagD) which overlapped by one nucleotide. The VagC polypeptide (12 kDa) was observed using minicell expression. Results indicated that vagD was responsible for the phenotypic differences observed between the wild type and G19, and that vagC modulated the activity of vagD. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of G19 cells harvested from minimal-medium plates showed that a high proportion of cells were elongated, which suggested that vagC and vagD might be involved in coordination of plasmid replication with cell division. We propose that vagD, under certain environmental conditions, acts to prevent cell division until plasmid replication is complete, thus aiding plasmid maintenance. vagC and vagD are absent from the related virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.
A chemometric study of active parameters and their interaction effects in a nebulized sheath‐liquid electrospray interface for capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (2004)

A chemometrics approach has been used for evaluating the effect of four experimental parameters when coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Electrospray voltage, sheath-liquid flow rate, nebulizing gas flow rate, and spray needle position in respect to the MS orifice were varied according to a full factorial design. In addition to main effects, two interaction effects could be identified as significant when measuring the peak intensity of the analytes, from a sample mixture containing peptides and pharmaceuticals. The first interaction effects, between the nebulizing gas flow rate and the sheath-liquid flow rate, and the second interaction effect, between the nebulizing gas flow rate and the spray position, could further explain the impact that these variables have on the spray performance. The number of theoretical plates and the baseline noise were also measured. The sheath-liquid flow was found to significantly affect the separation efficiency, while the noise level mainly was controlled by the nebulizing gas flow. The same factorial design was also used for a CE capillary with lower internal diameter (ID) and the effects of the same variables were compared on those capillaries using equal injection volume for both capillaries. Similar trends were obtained in both capillaries but capillary ID was shown to be a significant variable when evaluating both capillaries in a single model. It was found that a capillary with 25 microm ID provided improved CE-MS performance over than corresponding 50 microm ID capillary. Enhanced sensitivity was obtained using the narrow-bore capillary, and at lower sheath-liquid flow rate the 25 microm ID capillary also gave rise to more efficient peaks.
Generation and analysis of the improved human HAL9/10 antibody phage display libraries (2015)

The highly diverse universal antibody gene libraries HAL9/10 were constructed using an optimized scFv phagemid vector design. Analysis of selected antibodies revealed that the complete amino acid diversity in the CDR-H3 was also found in selected scFvs showing the functionality of the naive CDR-H3 diversity.
Grafted InGaAsP light emitting diodes on glass channel waveguides (1992)

Optically pumped λ = 1.3 μm InGaAsP LEDs have been integrated with glass channel waveguides using epitaxial liftoff. Coupling of light from the grafted LEDs to the waveguides has been achieved with the aid of an overlayer film with tapered ends. Under pulsed operation, devices exhibit a laser-like threshold but without spectral narrowing.
Smart structures and applications in civil engineering (1996)

This paper examines the issue of instrumentation for civil structures and in particular discusses the role of sensing systems in the evolution of the smart building concept. The sheer size of most structures of interest presents its own technological challenge in designing a suitable sensing architecture which will also conveniently address the area to be covered and will also provide sufficient sensing points to adequately characterize the structure under test. In addition, the measurement problem itself, which comprises both process monitoring and in use assessment must be defined. The former is very much process specific and may range from assessing whether concrete is dry to ensuring that protective materials are properly installed. The latter is almost entirely concerned with providing an alarm for either the onset of unacceptable corrosion within the structure or the appearance of physical damage for example due to foundation failure. This paper presents an analysis of the principal issues which the civil engineering smart structure must address and derives generic system specifications. It continues to argue that fiber optic solutions are the most appropriate sensing technologies and examines a number of distributed fiber optic technologies which enable both physical and chemical parameters to be addressed throughout a large structure.
Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the proliferation, migration and phenotypic modulation of airway smooth muscle cells (2008)

It appears that bFGF can directly stimulate proliferation and migration of ASMCs, however, the expressions of cells' contractive phenotype decreased.
Electroactive Thermoplastics (2000)

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are one of the most commercially important applications of electroactive polymers. It has been found that their performance can be optimized by controlling water transport via thin layers of ionomers with increasing equivalent weights in the catalyst layer (see Figure). Recent developments in this area are presented here within the context of development of innovative electroactive materials.