gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic profiling of Medicago truncatula cell cultures reveals the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on metabolism (2004)

GC-MS-based metabolite profiling was used to analyse the response of Medicago truncatula cell cultures to elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJa), yeast elicitor (YE), or ultraviolet light (UV). Marked changes in the levels of primary metabolites, including several amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates, were observed following elicitation with MeJa. A similar, but attenuated response was observed following YE elicitation, whereas little response was observed following UV elicitation. MeJa induced the accumulation of the triterpene beta-amyrin, a precursor to the triterpene saponins, and LC-MS analysis confirmed the accumulation of triterpene saponins in MeJa-elicited samples. In addition, YE induced a slight, but significant accumulation of shikimic acid, an early precursor to the phenylpropanoid pathway, which was also demonstrated to be YE-inducible by LC-MS analyses. Correlation analyses of metabolite relationships revealed perturbation of the glycine, serine, and threonine biosynthetic pathway, and suggested the induction of threonine aldolase activity, an enzyme as yet uncharacterized from plants. Members of the branched chain amino acid pathway accumulated in a concerted fashion, with the strongest correlation being that between leucine and isoleucine (r2=0.941). While UV exposure itself had little effect on primary metabolites, the experimental procedure, as revealed by control treatments, induced changes in several metabolites which were similar to those following MeJa elicitation. Sucrose levels were lower in MJ- and YE-elicited samples compared with control samples, suggesting that a portion of the effects observed on the primary metabolic pool are a consequence of fundamental metabolic repartitioning of carbon resources rather than elicitor-specific induction. In addition, beta-alanine levels were elevated in all elicited samples, which, when viewed in the context of other elicitation responses, suggests the altered metabolism of coenzyme A and its esters, which are essential in secondary metabolism.
A 146mb/s Time Space Switch Chip (1988)

A Time - Space switch chip, designed for use in an experimental broadband ISDN system will be discussed. All input and output links operate at 146.432Mb/s such a rate is desirable for applications in future braodband ISDN systems and is about 3-times faster than a previously-reported switch chip. Chip characteristics are summarized in a Table. The chip has 8 input links and 1 output link; all links are formatted into 8 timeslots which are bit·interleaved. Any of the 64 input timesluts (8 input links times 8 timeslots) can be switched to each of the a output timeslots (1 output link times 8 timeslots) by loading the appropriate code into a control memory on the chip. Each time slot carries an 18.304Mb/s channel (146.432Mb/s divided by 8).
Wavelength tunable high-power single-mode 1060-nm DBR lasers (2012)

The wavelength tunable 1060-nm distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser chip consists of three sections: a gain section for lasing, and phase and DBR sections for wavelength control. A micro-heater is lithographically integrated on the top of the DBR section to tune the emission wavelength. The phase section is designed with either a top heater or by current injection to provide fine tuning of the wavelength. The wavelength tuning efficiency of our DBR laser is approximately 9 nm/W at the laser heat sink temperature of 25°C. Single-mode output powers of 686 mW and 605 mW were obtained at a CW gain drive current of 1.25 A and heat sink temperatures of 25°C and 60°C, respectively. Gain-switching by applying 1.1 GHz sinusoidal signal mixed with 600 mA DC injection current produced approximately 58 ps long optical pulses with 3.1 W peak power and 228 mW average power. The average power increased to 267 mW and pulse width broadened to 70 ps with DC bias of 700 mA. In CW operation, one of the applications for high-power single-mode DBR lasers is for non-linear frequency conversion. The light emitted from the 1060-nm DBR laser chip was coupled into a single-mode periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal waveguide. Up to 350 mW optical power at 530 nm with the wall-plug efficiency of up to 15% was demonstrated.
Photochemical reactions of arenecarboxylic acid esters with electron-rich alkenes: 2 + 2 cycloaddition, hydrogen abstraction, and cycloreversion (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactions of arenecarboxylic acid esters with electron-rich alkenes: 2 + 2 cycloaddition, hydrogen abstraction, and cycloreversionThomas S. Cantrell and Andrew C. AllenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 1, 135–139Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00262a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (646 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photonic Structures in Biology: A Possible Blueprint for Nanotechnology (2014)

Nature has had millions of years to optimize photonic crystals - an endeavour mankind only really began in the 1980s. Often, we attempt to mimic and expand upon nature's designs in creating photonic structures that meet our technology-driven needs. While this strategy can be fruitful in fabricating novel architectures, one has to keep in mind that nature designed and optimized these structures for specific applications (e.g., colouration, camouflaging, signalling), but certainly not for use in photonic chips and optical circuits. To take full advantage of biological structures as blueprints for nanotechnology, it is important to understand the purpose and development of natural structural colours. In this review, we will discuss important aspects of the design, formation and evolution of the structures embedded in beetle exoskeletons that are responsible for their striking colouration. In particular, we will focus on the purpose of structural colours for camouflaging, mimicry and signalling. We will discuss their evolutionary and ecological development and compare the development of beetles with and without structural colours. Examples of non-colour-related structural functionalities will also be introduced and briefly discussed. Finally, a brief overview of nature's synthesis strategies for these highly evolved structures will be given, with particular focus on membrane assembly.
Probabilistic simulation-based analysis of complex real-time systems (2004)

Many industrial real-time systems have evolved over a long period of time and were initially so simple that it was possible to predict consequences of adding new functionality by common sense. However as the system evolves the possibility to predict the consequences of changes becomes more and more difficult unless models and analysis method can be used. Moreover, traditional real-time models, e.g., fixed priority analysis, may be too simple for accurately capturing a complex system's characteristics. For instance, assuming worst-case execution time may not be realistic. Hence, analyses based on these models may give an overly pessimistic result. In this paper we describe our approach to introducing analyzability into complex real-time control systems. The proposed method is based on analytical models and discrete-event based simulation of the system behavior based on these models. The models describe execution times as statistical distributions which are measured and calculated in the existing system. Simulation will not only enable models with statistical execution times, but also correctness criterion other than meeting deadlines, e.g., nonempty communication queues. The simulation result is analyzed by specifying properties in a probabilistic property language. The result of such an analysis is either of probabilistic nature or boolean depending on how the property is specified. Having accurate system models enable analysis of the impact on the temporal behavior of e.g., customizing or maintaining the software.
The digital control of D.C. power sources (1979)

Abstract The methods for controlling the voltage of D.C. power sources manually through a keyboard or directly from magnetic tape or direct computer control have been developed. Circuit operations of two different types of digitally controlled power supply, the series transistor and the SCR phase control, are discussed in detail and actual circuitry of both types have been implemented. Experimental results show the successful operation of these circuits.
Tumour necrosis factor haplotypes and asthma (1997)

Airway inflammation is a prominent feature of asthma. The pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumour Necrosis Factor shows constitutional variation in its level of secretion, which is linked to polymorphisms within the TNF gene complex and the surrounding MHC. In this study, 413 subjects in 88 nuclear families from a general population sample were examined for association with asthma and TNF polymorphisms. Ninety-two subjects were asthmatic, as defined by questionnaire. Asthma was significantly more common in subjects with allele 1 of the LT alpha NcoI polymorphism (LT alpha NcoI*1) (p = 0.005), and allele 2 of the TNF-308 polymorphism (TNF-308*2) (p = 0.004). The association was confined to the LT alpha NcoI*1/TNF-308*2 haplotype, so that it was not possible to differentiate between the effects of LT alpha NcoI and TNF-308 alleles. The HLA-DR locus was excluded as a cause of this association. The results suggest that genetic influences on inflammation may be important in the pathogenesis of asthma.
A causal skin-effect model of microstrip lines (2002)

A complete transmission line model including skin effect is derived to show the effects of conductor skin loss on the attenuation and phase factors. The frequency-dependent behavior of a microstrip line is included in the model. Distortions of a short pulse due to the skin effect, including attenuation dispersion, and propagation delay, are investigated. Simulation results indicate that the skin effect cannot be neglected in the phase factor in low-conductivity transmission lines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic Regulation of Secondary Metabolic Pathways in <i>Streptomyces</i> (2007)

Streptomyces species are (along with the fungi) the best-known antibiotic-producing organisms. Often, they make several different antibiotics. The biosynthesis of each antibiotic is encoded by a complex gene cluster that usually also contains regulatory and resistance genes. Typically, there may be more than one such pathway-specific regulatory gene per cluster. Both activator and repressor genes are known. Some of the regulatory genes for different pathways are related. In S. coelicolor, expression of several such biosynthetic gene clusters also depends on at least 11 globally acting genes, at least one of which is involved in the translation of a rare codon (UUA). A protein phosphorylation cascade also seems to be involved. Gene clusters closely similar to those for the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketide antibiotics determine spore pigment in some species. These genes show different regulation from antibiotic production genes. The evolution of gene clusters for polyketide antibiotics, and the possible adaptive benefits of secondary metabolism, are discussed.
Epidemiological factors associated with treated incidence of first‐episode non‐affective psychosis in Cantabria: insights from the Clinical Programme on Early Phases of Psychosis (2008)

The reported factors suggest that underlying biological and social factors modulate the risk of psychosis. This balance operates differently in males and females.
Studies on the Viability of the Isolated Vascularly Perfused Rat Colon (1996)

The colon contains large numbers of endocrine cells. Insight into their physiological function is limited. This is due to the fact that no sufficient model of isolated endocrine colon cells is available. In the present study we introduce an isolated vascularly perfused colon model for in vitro studies. This model offers the advantage that it keeps the endocrine cells in their physiological orientation and environment. The gut mucosa is highly sensitive to ischemia. Therefore, a careful validation of its viability is crucial in gut organ preparations. This study demonstrates that, by utilizing an oxygenated vascular medium supplemented with 25% washed bovine erythrocytes, a perfusion of the colon is achieved for at least 1 h without obvious tissue injuries. During this time parameters such as perfusion pressure, venous lactate dehydrogenase release, glucose consumption, lactate output, oxygen consumption, perfusate loss by the preparation and morphology were analyzed. Dependent on stimulation, the endocrine L cells of the colon released glucagon-like peptide-I upon arterial perfusion of methacholine or gastrin-releasing peptide. In conclusion, a model for the isolated perfusion of the colon is introduced which is suitable for studies of endocrine colon cells.
Adolescent Diabetes Management and Mismanagement (1995)

This study shows the importance of recognizing the prevalence of mismanagement among adolescents.
A distributed transaction processing protocol based on majority consensus (1982)

An n-failure-resilient protocol for distributed transaction processing regarding site crash, network partitioning, and local failures like abort of subtransactions is specified. The three-phased protocol contains concurrency control, a mechanism enforcing mutual consistency, and commitment based on majority consensus w.r.t. multiple copies of entities. To cope with transaction manager failures, backup processes for the manager are used. Data redundancy given by multiple copies in a partially redundant database is utilized to improve the resiliency of the protocol, i.e. to improve especially the successful commitment of update transactions processed by the protocol. The protocol is n-failure-resilient if the least redundant entity to be accessed by a transaction is mapped onto at least 2n+1 file copies in the distributed database.
IEC vs. HBM: How to optimize on-chip protections to handle both requirements? (2009)

In automotive products, on-chip ESD protection must withstand both HBM and system ESD pulses. Some unexpected failures at medium current can be explained by current filaments creation for low dissipated power density. Explanation of failure mechanisms and layout optimization, based on TCAD simulation, are proposed.
Innovation for Pandemics (2018)

Innovation for Pandemics What the world needs is a coordinated global approach to pandemics that will work regardless of whether the next pandemic is a product of humans or of nature. Specifically, we need better tools, an early detection system, and a global response system.
A Programmable Real-Time Video Signal-Processing System (1991)

A real-time video signal-processing system (the Picot system) has been developed that is composed of several hundred processors. It can handle a number of color time-varying images and includes such image-processing functions as edge detection, geometrical transformation, and video synthesis at video rate. Two large-scale integrations (LSIs) made with CMOS gate-array technology were also developed to make the system compact. A practical system that can be used as a video switcher is already in use in the video production center of NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corp.), and its effectiveness has been confirmed. Because of the flexibility of this system, many new video effects are being created by engineers in the production center.
Optimization and design of fast transceiver for DSL application in CMOS technology (2003)

Circuit optimization and design for a multi-bit rate fast transceiver for application of ISDN to SDSL rates (from 160 kb/s up to 2.3 Mb/s) is proposed. In the transmitter path is a sigma-delta time continuous multi-bit 14-bit DAC. It includes dynamic averaging for linearity improvement with simple filtering. The hybrid is also optimized using passive elements for the loop variations and with additional active filters for additional rejection. It is integrated for the simple reason of eliminating the high SNR requirement from the multi-bit sigma-delta ADC in the receive path (using AGC).
Beta-Glucans Improve Growth, Viability and Colonization of Probiotic Microorganisms (2012)

Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are frequently-used components for the elaboration of functional food. Currently, most of the commercialized probiotics are limited to a few strains of the genera Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, most of which produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). This suggests that the beneficial properties of these microorganisms may be related to the biological activities of these biopolymers. In this work we report that a 2-substituted-(1,3)-β-d-glucan of non-dairy bacterial origin has a prebiotic effect on three probiotic strains. Moreover, the presence of this β-d-glucan potentiates in vitro adhesion of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to human intestinal epithelial cells.
Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis: An Innovative Concept for Homogeneous Catalysis in Continuous Fixed‐Bed Reactors (2006)

Abstract Applications of ionic liquids to replace conventional solvents in homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis have increased significantly during the last decade. Biphasic ionic liquid/organic liquid systems offer advantages with regard to product separation, catalyst stability, and recycling but utilise in the case of fast chemical reactions only a small amount of expensive ionic liquid and catalyst. The novel Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalysis concept overcomes these drawbacks and allows the use of fixed‐bed reactors for continuous reactions. In this Microreview the SILP catalysis concept is surveyed by presenting results for the continuous gas‐phase hydroformylation of propene, as a reaction example. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Improved performance of an electric-discharge N2-CO mixing laser (1975)

An electric-discharge CO mixing laser is described in which N2 is vibrationally excited in a discharge and then mixed with cold CO providing laser action between 5.0 and 5.8 μ in a low-pressure high-Mach-number channel. Results of experiments with a 21-cm-wide 1.3-cm-high channel are described. Maximum laser power obtained is 720 W corresponding to an efficiency of 7% and a specific power of about 21 kW (kg/s)−1.
Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy using supercontinuum generated from a photonic crystal fiber (2004)

Femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is demonstrated using a Ti:Sapphire oscillator and a photonic crystal fiber. A spectrally dispersed CARS signal of cyclohexane exhibits well-defined beats with a period of 430fs, which agrees well with a frequency difference between the symmetric and antisymmetric CH2-stretching vibrational modes.
Biosynthesis of Lipids by Kinetoplastid Flagellates (1966)

Abstract Crithidia fasciculata, Crithidia oncopelti, Crithidia luciliae, Crithidia sp. from Arilus cristatus, Crithidia acanthocephali, Blastocrithidia culicis, Leishmania tarentolae, and Leptomonas leptoglossi were grown under axenic conditions in chemically defined media, and their fatty acids were determined. Palmitic, stearic, and a C19 cyclopropane acid were the major saturated fatty acids. Oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic were the major unsaturated fatty acids. α-Linolenic acid could not be detected in any of these organisms. Monounsaturated fatty acids were synthesized by direct oxidative desaturation of the corresponding saturated acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were synthesized by progressive desaturation and chain elongation of the monoenoic acids. The major lipids of C. fasciculata and C. oncopelti— triglycerides, sterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine—were identical. Phosphatidylethanolamine contained the bulk of the cyclopropane acid found in C. fasciculata. Ergosterol was the major sterol of Crithidia, Blastocrithidia, and Leishmania species. Methionine served as a source of methyl groups for the biosynthesis of both ergosterol and the cyclopropane acid.
Family-based association study between bipolar disorder andDRD2, DRD4, DAT, andSERT in Sardinia (1999)

Association analysis of candidate genes may represent a strategy for clarifying the genetic components involved in bipolar disorder. Polymorphism at dopamine receptor genes DRD2, DRD4, and dopamine and serotonin transporter genes (DAT, SERT) has been used in previous association studies. Some authors have reported positive association between certain alleles and bipolar disorder, using the case-control design. In this family-based association study of DRD2, DRD4, DAT, and SERT, the distribution of parental nontransmitted alleles was compared with that of alleles transmitted to 53 Sardinian probands suffering from bipolar disorder. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to detect any disproportionate transmission of alleles by heterozygous parents to affected children. No differences were found between the allele distribution of polymorphisms at DRD2, DRD4, DAT, and SERT in probands and parental nontransmitted chromosomes. TDT did not reveal any difference between transmitted and nontransmitted alleles. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a role for DRD2, DRD4, DAT, or SERT in bipolar disorder. Previously reported positive associations between DRD2 or SERT and bipolar disorder were conceivably due to stratification dependent on the case-control design, even though our sample might have failed to detect small associations due to limited power. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:522–526, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Ferroelectricity in ultrathin perovskite films [Phys. Rev. B<b>72</b>, 020101(R) (2005)] (2006)

We have performed calculations at both the theoretical 3.86 and the experimental 3.905 in-plane lattice parameters. We have only reported the rumplings for the experimental in-plane lattice constant, which are about 30% less than those for the theoretical lattice constant. Because the a parameter of ferroelectric tetragonal PbTiO 3 is known experimentally to lattice match to cubic SrTiO 3 common growth substrate, the use of the theoretical in-plane lattice parameter of 3.86 stress-free theoretical conditions probably best models experiments where PbTiO 3 is freestanding or grown on a bulk SrTiO 3 substrate.