gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]‐(S)‐fluoxetine: A selective serotonine uptake inhibitor (1993)

Abstract The (S)‐N‐methyl‐γ‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzenepropanamine, an antidepressant with potential applications in the treatment of other illnesses was labelled with fluorine‐18 for Positron Emission Tomography studies. The synthesis was accomplished from the [ 18 F]‐4‐chlorobenzotrifluoride where [ 18 F]‐(S)‐Fluoxetine was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 9–10% (decay corrected) and a specific radioactivity of 100–150 mCi/μmol (3.70–5.55 GBq/μmol) in a total synthesis time of 150 min. A facile isotopic exchange reaction was desmonstrated; it is expected to reduce the specific activity of the final [ 18 F]‐product. The experimental parameters play an important role, which is discussed.
Highly Efficient Photogeneration of Surface Relief Structure and Its Immobilization in Cross-Linkable Liquid Crystalline Azobenzene Polymers (2004)

A new family of azobenzene containing polymer applicable for photoinduced surface relief formation is reported. An azobenzene containing acrylate was copolymerized with methacrylate monomers bearing an oligo(ethylene oxide) chain via free radical copolymerization, yielding soft liquid crystalline polymers. These copolymers displayed a smectic liquid crystal phase at room temperature. After preexposure to ultraviolet light, thin films of the liquid crystalline polymers showed highly sensitive photoinduced material transfer to generate the surface relief structures. The typical exposure dose required for full polymer migration was as low as 50 mJ cm-2. The inscribed surface relief structures could be rapidly and fully erased either upon incoherent nonpolarized ultraviolet light irradiation or by heating close to the clear point of the soft liquid crystalline polymers. On the other hand, the chemical cross-linking, using a mixed vapor of hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde after surface relief inscription, resulted in a drastic improvement of the shape stability, maintaining the structure at high temperatures up to 250 °C. After cross-linking, the trans-to-cis photoisomerization readily proceeded without any modification of the surface morphology and can therefore be applied to the photoswitchable alignment of nematic liquid crystals.
A Single-Stranded DNA Aptamer That Selectively Binds to Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B (2012)

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a common foodborne pathogen capable of secreting a cocktail of small, stable, and strain-specific, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs). Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) results when improperly handled food contaminated with SEs is consumed. Gastrointestinal symptoms of SFP include emesis, diarrhea and severe abdominal pain, which manifest within hours of ingesting contaminated food. Immuno-affinity based methods directly detect, identify, and quantify several SEs within a food or clinical sample. However, the success of these assays depends upon the availability of a monoclonal antibody, the development of which is non-trivial and costly. The current scope of the available immuno-affinity based methods is limited to the classical SEs and does not encompass all of the known or emergent SEs. In contrast to antibodies, aptamers are short nucleic acids that exhibit high affinity and specificity for their targets without the high-costs and ethical concerns of animal husbandry. Further, researchers may choose to freely distribute aptamers and develop assays without the proprietary issues that increase the per-sample cost of immuno-affinity assays. This study describes a novel aptamer, selected in vitro, with affinity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) that may be used in lieu of antibodies in SE detection assays. The aptamer, designated APT(SEB1), successfully isolates SEB from a complex mixture of SEs with extremely high discrimination. This work sets the foundation for future aptamer and assay development towards the entire family of SEs. The rapid, robust, and low-cost identification and quantification of all of the SEs in S. aureus contaminated food is essential for food safety and epidemiological efforts. An in vitro generated library of SE aptamers could potentially allow for the comprehensive and cost-effective analysis of food samples that immuno-affinity assays currently cannot provide.
Novel bulk iron garnets for magneto-optic magnetic field sensing (1994)

We report measurements of the magneto-optic response function and frequency response for three bulk iron garnet crystals grown by a flux technique. The samples were the product of an intensive effort to develop iron garnet compositions with properties specifically optimized for magnetic field sensing. Sensitivity enhancement was achieved through both bismuth substitution (for increasing the saturation Faraday rotation) and gallium substitution (for reducing the saturation magnetization). One sample exhibited a value of magneto-optic sensitivity of 25/spl deg//mT for 1.3 /spl mu/m light. Frequency response measurements indicate that bismuth substitution actually improves performance (compared to unsubstituted yttrium iron garnet) in contrast with gallium, which causes substantial degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Circuit board testing through multi-spectral signal analysis (2006)

This paper describes a promising new approach for testing printed circuit boards that can greatly streamline the process through which test program sets (TPSs) are developed, and enhance their ability to detect catastrophic, marginal, and pending failures to a degree far beyond the capabilities of existing TPS technology. Multispectral analysis of applied and emitted signals and radiation ranging in frequency from DC to EHz allows for the examination of the internal structures of integrated circuits and other electronic components, as well as connectors, solder joints, and the printed circuit board itself. Such methods have been used successfully in applications as diverse as the detection of tumors in digital mammograms, to the discovery of foreign object debris in composite aircraft materials. Adaptation of these methods to PCB testing is a logical step in the evolution of TPS technology.
Propionic acid‐induced calcium mobilization in human neutrophils (1988)

The ability of propionic acid to elicit an increase in the level of cytoplasmic free calcium in human neutrophils was examined in detail. Propionic acid induced a rapid and dose-dependent mobilization of calcium that relied on both internal and external sources of calcium. The effects of propionic acid on the mobilization of calcium were inhibited by pertussis toxin, but not cholera toxin, implicating a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Furthermore, preincubation of the neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in a decreased mobilization of calcium. This inhibitory activity of phorbol myristate acetate was antagonized by the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7. Preincubation of the cells with the synthetic chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe caused a reduction in the magnitude of the calcium transient elicited by propionic acid. However, the calcium response to propionic acid was not affected by antagonists of fMet-Leu-Phe and platelet-activating factor binding or by an inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis. Propionic acid did not elicit a mobilization of calcium in monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, or undifferentiated HL-60 cells. However, the treatment of the HL-60 cells with dimethylsulfoxide resulted in the appearance of a calcium response to propionic acid. The potential physiological significance of these findings are discussed.
Low temeparture aln thin films growth for layered structure saw and baw devices (2005)

In this work, c-axis oriented aluminium nitride thin films on silicon substrates were deposited by reactive RF magnetron sputtering method at various substrate temperature (without heating - 400/spl deg/C) with the same thickness (1.4 /spl mu/m). The structural, morphological and optical properties of AlN films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectroscopy. It was found that the AlN films showed the same highly [002] preferred orientation with low full width of half maximum of rocking curve, which is about 2/spl deg/ for all the films elaborated in various temperatures. The optical properties of these films analysed by FTIR, exhibit absorption bands attributed to vibrational modes of Al-N bonds, in particular El(TO) at 678 cm/sup -1/ and Al(TO) at 613 cm/sup -1/. The surface roughness of films determined by AFM is less than 0.5 nm for the film grown at low temperature, which is very suitable for SAW device achievement. Elastic properties of deposited AlN films were evaluated by realisation and characterisation of AlN/silicon SAW device. Experimental results show that realised structure exhibits a good frequency response and practical values of electromechanical coupling coefficient and temperature coefficient of frequency.
The association of resting heart rate with cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality. Eight year follow-up of 3527 male Israeli employees (the CORDIS Study) (2000)

This study found that resting heart rate is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality after controlling (in various statistical models) for platelet counts, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell counts, total protein, and other recognized risk factors.
Purification and Characterization of Proteins from the 2S Fraction from Seeds of the Brassicaceae Family (1990)

The 2S protein fractions from Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Brassica napus seeds have been obtained and their components purified and characterized. These albumins represent about 13% of the total seed protein extracted with saline buffer. The calculated molecular weights of the eleven purified proteins are very similar, about 14 500 Daltons, although two components isolated from B. napus exhibit a lower molecular weight. The amino acid compositions of the isolated proteins present a series of common features: a high content of Cys and basic residues as well as a very high amount of Pro (15%) and Glx (30%). The eleven purified proteins cross-react with antibodies against Sin a I, the 2S protein from yellow mustard seeds. The obtained results suggest the existence of homology between the 2S albumins of Brassicaceae seeds.
The effect of a limited number of projections and reconstruction algorithms on the image quality of megavoltage digital tomosynthesis (2009)

In order to investigate the effect of the number of projections on digital tomosynthesis image quality, images were acquired over a 40 degree arc and sampled into sets of 2 to 41 projections used as input to three different reconstruction algorithms, namely the shift-and-add, Feldkamp-Davis-Kress filtered back projection algorithms, and the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique. The variation of several image characteristics, such as in-plane resolution, contrast to noise ratio, artifact spread, volumetric accuracy and dose, are investigated based on the reconstruction algorithms used and also the number of projections used as source data. The results suggest that the use of 11 projections along with the filtered back projection technique provides a good compromise for all aspects considered.
Stability of electrical properties of nitrogen-rich, silicon-rich, and stoichiometric silicon nitride films (1989)

Metal-nitride-silicon capacitors were used to explore the stability of the electrical properties of silicon nitride films of various stoichiometries. Silicon-rich silicon nitride films were found to display a large and symmetric hysteresis loop in the capacitance-voltage curve, a large flat-band voltage shift approximately symmetric with respect to the polarity of the voltage under bias temperature stress, and a current density-voltage characteristic which is approximately symmetric with respect to polarity. It is argued that in these silicon-rich silicon nitride films the dominant defects are silicon dangling bonds which can trap either electrons or holes. A different class of behavior was observed, however, for nitrogen-rich silicon nitride films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. These films have a much smaller and asymmetric hysteresis loop in the capacitance-voltage curve, an asymmetric flat-band voltage shift under bias temperature stress, and an asymmetric current density-voltage characteristic. In addition, the breakdown electric field was found to be higher for these films for positive than negative gate biases. Our proposed explanation for these observations is that silicon dangling bonds, which can trap either electrons or holes, are greatly reduced in nitrogen-rich films and the dominant residual traps are hole traps.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Orally Active Trypanocidal <i>N</i>-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors (2011)

N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) represents a promising drug target for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma brucei. We report the optimization of a high throughput screening hit (1) to give a lead molecule DDD85646 (63), which has potent activity against the enzyme (IC(50) = 2 nM) and T. brucei (EC(50) = 2 nM) in culture. The compound has good oral pharmacokinetics and cures rodent models of peripheral HAT infection. This compound provides an excellent tool for validation of T. brucei NMT as a drug target for HAT as well as a valuable lead for further optimization.
The biological chemistry of the elements: the inorganic chemistry of life (1992)

Part 1 The chemical and physical factors controlling the elements of life: the chemical elements in biology the principles of the chemical uptake and speciation of the elements in biology physical separation of the elements - compartments and zones in biology kinetic considerations of element reactions energy in biological systems and hydrogen biochemistry the functional value of the chemical elements in biological systems. Part 2 The roles of individual elements in biology: the role of biological macromolecules and polymers sodium and potassium - osmotic control, electrolyte equilibria and currents magnesium - primary metabolism and polynucleotide structures calcium - controls and triggers zinc - Lewis acid catalysis and regulation non-haem iron redox reactions and controls haem iron - coupled redox reactions manganese copper - extracellular redox reactions and matrix formation nickel and cobalt - primitive hydrogen and organmetallic biochemistry molybdenum and vanadium - nitrogen fixation and extracellular oxygen transfer phosphorus and silicon - condensation reactions of non-metals redox non-metals - sulphur, selenium and halogens. Part 3 The co-operative interaction of elements in living systems: biomineralization and shape homeostasis and morphogenesis man's interference in element distribution - medicines and pollutants.
The localization of a platelet GpIIb-IIIa-related protein in endothelial cell adhesion structures (1988)

Previous studies have shown that human endothelial cells (ECs) adhere to fibrinogen (fg) and fibronectin (fn) and organize their cytoskeleton on these substrata. However, the mechanism governing this chain of events is poorly known. In ECs glycoproteins immunologically and biochemically similar to the platelet membrane GpIIb-IIIa complex have been described. The functional role of this complex in ECs remains to be established. In this study we show that the antigens recognized by polyclonal antibodies raised against human platelet GpIIb-IIIa and crossreacting with the EC form have a discrete and well-organized distribution at cell adhesion structures. Indeed these antigens are located at vinculin-rich focal contacts found at the membrane insertion of microfilament bundles of the stress fiber type. They are also found at cell-to-cell contacts and, with a diffuse pattern, at the dorsal surface of ECs. GpIIb-IIIa antibodies, added to EC suspensions prior to plating, inhibit EC spreading on fg and vitronectin (vn) substrata in a concentration-dependent way. In contrast, the antibodies are very poorly active when the cells are seeded on fn-coated glass. The same antibodies, added to adherent cells, disrupt cell-to-cell contacts and cause their rounding and detachment. Overall these results indicate that EC GpIIb-IIIa complex is involved in controlling the adhesion mechanism of these cells to extracellular matrix proteins.
Proactive identification of performance problems (2006)

We propose to demonstrate Fa, an automated tool for timely and accurate prediction of Service-Level-Agreement (SLA) violations caused by performance problems in database systems. Fa periodically collects performance data at three levels: applications, database server, and operating system. This data is used to construct probabilistic models for predicting SLA violations. Fa currently uses graphical Bayesian network models because of their ability to support a wide range of inferences, including prediction and diagnosis, as well as their support for interactive visualization and presentation of complex system behavior in intuitive ways.
Ligand-controlled .alpha.-regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed arylation of butyl vinyl ether (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand-controlled .alpha.-regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed arylation of butyl vinyl etherWalter Cabri, Ilaria Candiani, Angelo Bedeschi, and Roberto SantiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 11, 3654–3655Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00298a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00298a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views842Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MiR-9 reduces human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 to decrease THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs and control a wide range of biological functions. Recent studies have indicated that miRNAs can regulate lipid and cholesterol metabolism in mammals. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is a key enzyme in cellular cholesterol metabolism. The accumulated cholesteryl esters are mainly synthesized by ACAT1 during the formation of foam cell, a hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we revealed that miR-9 could target the 3'-untranslated region of human ACAT1 mRNA, specifically reduce human ACAT1 or reporter firefly luciferase (Fluc) proteins but not their mRNAs in different human cell lines, and functionally decrease the formation of foam cells from THP-1-derived macrophages. Our findings suggest that miR-9 might be an important regulator in cellular cholesterol homeostasis and decrease the formation of foam cells in vivo by reducing ACAT1 proteins.
Mo<inf>2</inf>N/Mo gate MOSFETs (1982)

Molybdenum nitride coatings on molybdenum using a direct reaction of molybdenum with ammonia is used to improve the gate electrode properties of Mo gate self-aligned MOSFETs. The Mo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> N double layer gate shows resistance against oxidation, processing reagents and improved ion implantation masking. The work function of the double layer film was determined to be 4.69 ± 0.03 eV which is independent of the nitride thickness and annealing conditions. Boron implantation range is smaller in Mo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> N than Mo. A Mo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> N coating of 870Å over 2130Å Mo masks up to 60 keV B11 and 120 keV As75. The implantation study covers the energy range from 15 to 70 keV for boron and from 40 to 160 keV for arsenic.
Molecular signature of late-stage human ALS revealed by expression profiling of postmortem spinal cord gray matter (2004)

Little is known about global gene expression patterns in the human neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To address this, we used high-density oligonucleotide microarray technology to compare expression levels of approximately 6,800 genes in postmortem spinal cord gray matter obtained from individuals with ALS as well as normal individuals. Using Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), we discerned an ALS-specific signature. Moreover, it was possible to distinguish familial ALS (FALS) from sporadic ALS (SALS) gene expression profiles. Characterization of the specific genes significantly altered in ALS uncovered a pro-inflammatory terminal state. Moreover, we found alterations in genes involved in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, apoptosis, cytoskeletal architecture, RNA transcription and translation, proteasomal function, and growth and signaling. It is apparent from this study that DNA microarray analysis and appropriate bioinformatics can reveal distinct phenotypic changes that underlie the terminal stages of neurodegeneration in ALS.