gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Skin Penetration of Quantum Dot Nanoparticles in the Murine Model: The Effect of UVR (2008)

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has widespread effects on the biology and integrity of the skin barrier. Research on the mechanisms that drive these changes, as well as their effect on skin barrier function, has been ongoing since the 1980s. However, no studies have examined the impact of UVR on nanoparticle skin penetration. Nanoparticles (NP) are commonly used in sunscreens and other cosmetics, and since consumer use of sunscreen is often applied to sun damaged skin, the effect of UVR on NP skin penetration is a concern due to potential toxicity. In this study, we investigate NP skin penetration by employing an in vivo semiconductor quantum dot nanoparticle (QD) model system. This model system improves NP imaging capabilities and provides additional primary interest due to widespread and expanding use of QD in research applications and manufacturing. In our experiments, carboxylated QD were applied to the skin of SKH-1 mice in a glycerol vehicle with and without UVR exposure. The skin collection and penetration patterns were evaluated 8 and 24 h after QD application using tissue histology, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with EDAX analysis. Low levels of penetration were seen in both the non-UVR exposed mice and the UVR exposed mice. Qualitatively higher levels of penetration were observable in the UVR exposed mice. These results are the first for in vivo QD skin penetration, and provide important insight into the ability of QD to penetrate intact and UVR compromised skin barrier. Our findings raise concern that NP of similar size and surface chemistry, such as metal oxide NP found in sunscreens, may also penetrate UV damaged skin.
Squirrel (2002)

This paper presents a decentralized, peer-to-peer web cache called Squirrel. The key idea is to enable web browsers on desktop machines to share their local caches, to form an efficient and scalable web cache, without the need for dedicated hardware and the associated administrative cost. We propose and evaluate decentralized web caching algorithms for Squirrel, and discover that it exhibits performance comparable to a centralized web cache in terms of hit ratio, bandwidth usage and latency. It also achieves the benefits of decentralization, such as being scalable, self-organizing and resilient to node failures, while imposing low overhead on the participating nodes.
Endothelial FAK is essential for vascular network stability, cell survival, and lamellipodial formation (2006)

Morphogenesis of a vascular network requires dynamic vessel growth and regression. To investigate the cellular mechanism underlying this process, we deleted focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key signaling mediator, in endothelial cells (ECs) using Tie2-Cre mice. Targeted FAK depletion occurred efficiently early in development, where mutants exhibited a distinctive and irregular vasculature, resulting in hemorrhage and lethality between embryonic day (e) 10.5 and 11.5. Capillaries and intercapillary spaces in yolk sacs were dilated before any other detectable abnormalities at e9.5, and explants demonstrate that the defects resulted from the loss of FAK and not from organ failure. Time-lapse microscopy monitoring EC behavior during vascular formation in explants revealed no apparent decrease in proliferation or migration but revealed increases in cell retraction and death leading to reduced vessel growth and increased vessel regression. Consistent with this phenotype, ECs derived from mutant embryos exhibited aberrant lamellipodial extensions, altered actin cytoskeleton, and nonpolarized cell movement. This study reveals that FAK is crucial for vascular morphogenesis and the regulation of EC survival and morphology.
Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (2016)

Emerging evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be due to cell-to-cell transmission of misfolded preformed fibrils (PFF) of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanism by which α-syn PFF spreads from neuron to neuron is not known. Here, we show that LAG3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3) binds α-syn PFF with high affinity (dissociation constant = 77 nanomolar), whereas the α-syn monomer exhibited minimal binding. α-Syn-biotin PFF binding to LAG3 initiated α-syn PFF endocytosis, transmission, and toxicity. Lack of LAG3 substantially delayed α-syn PFF-induced loss of dopamine neurons, as well as biochemical and behavioral deficits in vivo. The identification of LAG3 as a receptor that binds α-syn PFF provides a target for developing therapeutics designed to slow the progression of PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
WDM RoF-MMW and linearly located distributed antenna system for future high-speed railway communications (2015)

In this article, we propose dual-hop network architecture capable of providing high-speed communications to high-speed trains (HSTs). The system uses a seamless fiber-millimeterwave system for backhaul transmission from a central station to antennas on trains, and a highspeed in-train Wi-Fi network. The system can be combined with signal processing and network control technologies to compensate for interference and the Doppler effect, and to reduce the number of handovers. It can realize seamless connectivity between the inside and outside of trains to avoid penetration loss and help organize the in-train network optimally to increase coverage and data rate. We present and discuss the possible network architecture and technologies that can help realize the proposed network. We also present a proof-of-concept demonstration on a high-performance seamless fiber- MMW system that can be applied for applications in backhaul networks. The proposed network can be an attractive solution to provide broadband services such as video on demand and high-speed mobile signals to users on HSTs.
Biotransformation of mulberroside A from Morus alba results in enhancement of tyrosinase inhibition (2010)

Mulberroside A, a glycosylated stilbene, was isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of the roots of Morus alba. Oxyresveratrol, the aglycone of mulberroside A, was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of mulberroside A using the commercial enzyme Pectinex. Mulberroside A and oxyresveratrol showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase with an IC(50) of 53.6 and 0.49 microM, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of oxyresveratrol was thus approximately 110-fold higher than that of mulberroside A. Inhibition kinetics showed mulberroside A to be a competitive inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA as substrate. Oxyresveratrol showed mixed inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition against L-tyrosine and L-DOPA, respectively, as substrate. The results indicate that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of mulberroside A was greatly enhanced by the bioconversion process.
The influence of alloying elements on the morphology of MC primary carbide precipitation in Mo-type high speed tool steel. (1984)

The influence of alloying elements on the morphology of MC-type carbide precipitation during solidification in JIS SKH51 type high speed tool steel has been investigated by means of the metallographic observation and thermal analysis of laboratory scale melts.The results were as follows:(1) The morphology of MC-type primary carbide changed from the globular to the dendritic type with decreasing N contents.(2) The MC-type primary carbide contained Ti, Nb, and Ta, solidified to the globular type, and formed in large size, by addition of these elements.(3) The MC-type primary carbide in the steel alloyed with Hf, Zr and REM did not contain these elements and solidified to dendritic type. The morphorogic difference from MC containing Ti, Nb and Ta was explained by decreasing N contents in molten steel as a result of precipitation of Hf, Zr and REM nitride.
Simultaneous dual-wavelength operation in cascaded strongly gain-coupled DFB lasers (1999)

Using cascaded strongly gain-coupled (SGC) DFB lasers, simultaneous dual-wavelength operation can be obtained with better than a 40-dB side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) under simple operating conditions at various temperatures. Dual-wavelength operation with various spacing can be achieved by grating fabrication and by simply activating the lasing section of the cascaded SGC DFB lasers. The lasing wavelengths can be tuned within several nanometers by base temperature variation and their spacing can be fine tuned by individual injection current.
Development of a continous scanning laminograph Final report, 20 Jun. 1966 - 30 Jun. 1968 (1968)

Continuous scanning X ray laminograph for nondestructive testing of multilayer printed circuits
Variable-rate pipelined multiplier design for reconfigurable DSP applications (2003)

This paper presents a VLSI design and implementation of a variable-rate multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) block for DSP applications. The pipeline depth of the multiplier is dynamically controlled given the throughput requirement of the application. The depth of pipeline varies at the hardware level which controls the rate of execution to save power consumption. The MAC is targeted for a coarse grain FPGA design to support a wide range of digital signal processing applications. The power consumption is lowered by reducing the unnecessary register switching. The technique is applied to carry-save and Booth recoded multipliers. The MAC circuit is designed in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS processing technology and evaluated for current DSP applications.
Coronary MR Imaging: Breath-hold Capability and Patterns, Coronary Artery Rest Periods, and β-Blocker Use (2006)

In 33% of patients (patterns 3 and 4), breath-hold pattern was unsuitable for high-spatial-resolution breath-hold MR imaging. LCA and RCA rest periods showed large variability in starting point and duration, with no correlation to heart rate.
Relation between ventricular and myocyte remodeling with the development and regression of supraventricular tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. (1991)

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) causes left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction. Termination of SVT appears to reduce LV size and improve function. However, changes in myocyte structure and morphology that accompany the development and regression of SVT-induced cardiomyopathy have not been studied. Accordingly, we measured LV function using echocardiography and catheterization in three groups of six pigs each: 3 weeks of atrial pacing (SVT; 240 beats/min), 4-week recovery from SVT (PST), and sham-operated controls. At each of these three end points, isolated myocyte dimensions and nuclear number were measured using fluorescence, and the volume percent of myocytes and myofibrils was computed from tissue sections using stereological techniques. SVT resulted in reduced LV fractional shortening (15 +/- 3% versus 31 +/- 2%, p less than 0.05), increased end-diastolic dimension (5.6 +/- 0.8 versus 3.8 +/- 0.2 cm, p less than 0.05), and no change in mass (2.6 +/- 0.1 versus 2.6 +/- 0.2 g/kg, p = NS) compared with controls. Myocyte length significantly increased with SVT (171 +/- 9 versus 109 +/- 11 microns, p less than 0.05), without significant changes in cell width (28 +/- 2 versus 26 +/- 2 microns). Nuclear number did not change with SVT; however, nuclear area/myocyte area significantly increased compared with controls (9.5 +/- 0.8 versus 8.7 +/- 0.8 x 10(-2), p less than 0.05). The volume percent of myocytes within the ventricular wall and the volume percent of myofibrils within myocytes decreased with SVT compared with controls (72 +/- 3% versus 80 +/- 3% and 45 +/- 5% versus 63 +/- 4%, respectively, p less than 0.05), with no change in total myocyte volume (54.2 +/- 2.7 versus 54.3 +/- 1.8 microns3 x 10(12)). In the PST group, LV fractional shortening returned to control values; however, there was persistent dilatation (end-diastolic dimension: 4.2 +/- 0.1 cm, p less than 0.05), and LV hypertrophy developed (3.3 +/- 0.3 g/kg, p less than 0.05). Increased myocyte length (158 +/- 5 microns, p less than 0.05) and width (33 +/- 2 microns, p less than 0.05) were observed in the PST group. The volume percent of myocytes and myofibrils returned to control values, with total myocyte volume significantly increased in the PST group compared with the control and SVT groups (74.5 +/- 2.6 microns3 x 10(12), p less than 0.05). In addition, the number of nuclei per myocyte in the PST group significantly increased from control values (5.1 +/- 0.1 versus 4.0 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Food interaction and steady-state pharmacokinetics of itraconazole capsules in healthy male volunteers (1993)

The influence of food on itraconazole pharmacokinetics was evaluated for 27 healthy male volunteers in a single-dose (200 mg) crossover study with capsules containing itraconazole-coated sugar spheres. This study was followed by a study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics for the same subjects with 15 days of administration of itraconazole at 200 mg every 12 h. Concentrations of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole, the active main metabolite, were measured in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of the food interaction segment showed that a meal significantly enhances the amount of itraconazole absorbed. The mean maximum concentration in plasma of unmetabolized itraconazole after fasting (140 ng/ml) was about 59% that after the standard meal (239 ng/ml). The rate of elimination was not affected (terminal half-life, approximately 21 h). The mean maximum concentration in plasma of hydroxyitraconazole after fasting was about 72% the postmeal concentration (287 and 397 ng/ml, respectively). The terminal half-life of hydroxyitraconazole was approximately 12 h. Steady-state concentrations of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were reached after 14 or 15 days of daily dosing. The average steady-state concentrations were approximately 1,900 ng/ml for itraconazole and 3,200 ng/ml for hydroxyitraconazole. The shape of the elimination curve for itraconazole after the last dose was indicative of saturable elimination. This conclusion was confirmed by the sevenfold increase in the area under the curve from 0 to 12 h at steady state compared with the area under the curve from 0 h to infinity after a single dose. It was furthermore confirmed by the larger-than-expected number of half-lives required to achieve steady-state plasma drug levels.
Construction and Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody Against Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (2000)

A novel recombinant single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against Western equine encephalitis virus (WEE) was constructed and characterized. Using antibody phage display technology, a scFv was generated from the WEE specific hybridoma, 10B5 E7E2. The scFv was fused to a human heavy chain IgG1 constant region (CH1-CH3) and contained an intact 6 His tag and enterokinase recognition site (RS10B5huFc). The RS10B5huFc antibody was expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography as a 70-kDa protein. The RS10B5huFc antibody was functional in binding to WEE antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Furthermore, the RS10B5huFc antibody was purified in proper conformation and formed multimers. The addition of the human heavy chain to the scFv replaced effector functions of the mouse antibody. The Fc domain was capable of binding to protein G and human complement. The above properties of the RS10B5huFc antibody make it an excellent candidate for immunodetection and immunotherapy studies.
Perceptual coding of images for halftone display (1991)

A new technique is presented for coding gray-scale images for facsimile transmission and printing on a laser printer. The authors use a gray-scale image encoder so that it is only at the receiver that the image is converted to a binary pattern and printed. The conventional approach is to transmit the image in halftoned form, using entropy coding (e.g. CCITT Group 3, or JBIG). The main advantages of the new approach are that it is possible to get higher compression rates and that the receiver can tune the halftoning process to the particular printer. A perceptually based subband coding approach is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
rhBMP‐Collagen Sponges as Osteoinductive Devices: Effects of <i>in Vitro</i> Sponge Characteristics and Protein pI on <i>in Vivo</i> rhBMP Pharmacokinetics (1999)

Osteoinductive devices, comprised of biodegradable collagen scaffolds and recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (rhBMPs), are being currently pursued for local bone induction. To better understand the biological performance of such devices, we have carried out a series of studies to investigate the effects of sponge properties and protein structural features on the pharmacokinetics of implanted rhBMPs. The results indicated little dependence of the rhBMP-2 pharmacokinetics on the in vitro determined sponge properties. The protein isoelectric point (pI), on the other hand, was found to significantly affect the initial implant retention of rhBMPs, but not the subsequent pharmacokinetics. A 100-fold difference in the implant-retained dose could be observed depending on the type of rhBMP implanted. We conclude that protein structural features are important variables controlling in vivo pharmacokinetics of rhBMPs, and possibly the osteoinductive potency of the devices.
Report on the first Latin American consensus conference for flow cytometric immunophenotyping of leukemia (1998)

On October 16, 1996, the first Latin American Consensus Conference for the Immunophenotyping of Leukemia took place in Puebla, Mexico, with representatives from 10 countries of the region and two external consultants. This document summarizes the major conclusions for which scientific consensus was achieved. The purpose of disseminating these guidelines to the international community is based on the potential interest for other countries with similar social conditions and economical restrictions.
An <scp>ll</scp>-Diaminopimelate Aminotransferase Defines a Novel Variant of the Lysine Biosynthesis Pathway in Plants (2005)

Although lysine (Lys) biosynthesis in plants is known to occur by way of a pathway that utilizes diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as a central intermediate, the available evidence suggests that none of the known DAP-pathway variants found in nature occur in plants. A new Lys biosynthesis pathway has been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that utilizes a novel transaminase that specifically catalyzes the interconversion of tetrahydrodipicolinate and LL-diaminopimelate, a reaction requiring three enzymes in the DAP-pathway variant found in Escherichia coli. The LL-DAP aminotransferase encoded by locus At4g33680 was able to complement the dapD and dapE mutants of E. coli. This result, in conjunction with the kinetic properties and substrate specificity of the enzyme, indicated that LL-DAP aminotransferase functions in the Lys biosynthetic direction under in vivo conditions. Orthologs of At4g33680 were identified in all the cyanobacterial species whose genomes have been sequenced. The Synechocystis sp. ortholog encoded by locus sll0480 showed the same functional properties as At4g33680. These results demonstrate that the Lys biosynthesis pathway in plants and cyanobacteria is distinct from the pathways that have so far been defined in microorganisms.
Beyond BT.709 (2014)

The recent high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard and current progress in the specification of HDMI 2.0 has revived discussion about video colorimetry. For years, BT.709 was successfully used to define the primary chromaticities of display devices and transformation to the Y'Cb'Cr' color space that is used for the compression of high-definition video. Current advances in display technologies, along with the introduction of ultra-high-definition television, makes the following question more relevant than ever before: Can we do better than BT.709? This paper attempts to answer this question by highlighting methods of extending the color gamut, showing the difficulties in the transformation from one color space to another, and pointing out the different conversion methods used to represent RGB data in the Y'Cb'Cr' color space. It emphasizes the importance of constant luminance transform for color perception and compares BT.709 to BT.2020 from different viewpoints. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of switching to BT.2020 are presented from a broadcast engineering perspective.
Deep Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network for Dynamic Scene Deblurring (2016)

Non-uniform blind deblurring for general dynamic scenes is a challenging computer vision problem as blurs arise not only from multiple object motions but also from camera shake, scene depth variation. To remove these complicated motion blurs, conventional energy optimization based methods rely on simple assumptions such that blur kernel is partially uniform or locally linear. Moreover, recent machine learning based methods also depend on synthetic blur datasets generated under these assumptions. This makes conventional deblurring methods fail to remove blurs where blur kernel is difficult to approximate or parameterize (e.g. object motion boundaries). In this work, we propose a multi-scale convolutional neural network that restores sharp images in an end-to-end manner where blur is caused by various sources. Together, we present multi-scale loss function that mimics conventional coarse-to-fine approaches. Furthermore, we propose a new large-scale dataset that provides pairs of realistic blurry image and the corresponding ground truth sharp image that are obtained by a high-speed camera. With the proposed model trained on this dataset, we demonstrate empirically that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in dynamic scene deblurring not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively.
Reconfigurable Multiprocessor Systems: A Review (2010)

Modern digital systems demand increasing electronic resources, so the multiprocessor platforms are a suitable solution for them. This approach provides better results in terms of area, speed, and power consumption compared to traditional uniprocessor digital systems. Reconfigurable multiprocessor systems are a particular type of embedded system, implemented using reconfigurable hardware. This paper presents a review of this emerging research area. A number of state-of-the-art systems published in this field are presented and classified. Design methods and challenges are also discussed. Advances in FPGA technology are leading to more powerful systems in terms of processing and flexibility. Flexibility is one of the strong points of this kind of system, and multiprocessor systems can even be reconfigured at run time, allowing hardware to be adjusted to the demands of the application.