gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginine, an indispensable amino acid for patients with inborn errors of urea synthesis. (1984)

The role of arginine as an essential amino was evaluated in four children with one of the deficiencies of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase, and argininosuccinase. Within 15-68 h after arginine deprivation nitrogen accumulated as ammonium or glutamine or both, but glutamine was quantitatively the largest nitrogen accumulation product. Concomitantly plasma and urinary urea levels decreased. Resumption of arginine intake (or citrulline in the case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency) promptly led to correction of the hyperammonemia, hyperglutaminemia and hypoargininemia. Ornithine was an unsatisfactory substitute for arginine. Arginine deprivation did not interfere with carbamyl phosphate synthesis as manifested by orotic aciduria. It is concluded that arginine is an indispensable amino acid for children with inborn errors of ureagenesis and its absence results in the rapid onset of symptomatic hyperammonemia.
Hydrogen chloride reaction with lime and limestone: kinetics and sorption capacity (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen chloride reaction with lime and limestone: kinetics and sorption capacityClaus E. Weinell, Peter I. Jensen, Kim Dam-Johansen, and Hans LivbjergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 1, 164–171Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00001a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00001a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of the cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub>receptor antagonist rimonabant on nociceptive responses and adjuvant‐induced arthritis in obese and lean rats (2007)

Rimonabant appears to be a potent inhibitor of sensorial hypersensitivity associated with CFA-induced arthritis in obese rats, in which the inflammatory reaction is more severe than in lean rats. It may thus have therapeutic potential in obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, particularly in the treatment of the pain associated with arthritis.
Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Novel Homo- and Heteroleptic Bismuth(iii) Thiocarboxylates (2013)

Two new thiocarboxylic acids, p-bromothiobenzoic BTA and thionaphthoic acid TNA, and five new homo- and heteroleptic bismuth(iii) compounds derived from thiocarboxylic acids: [Bi{S(C=O)C6H4Br}3] 1, [PhBi{S(C=O)C6H4Br}2] 2, [Bi{S(C=O)C10H7}3] 3, [PhBi{S(C=O)C10H7}2] 4, and [Ph2Bi{S(C=O)C10H7}] 5 were synthesised and fully characterised. The solid-state structure of complex [PhBi{S(C=O)C6H4Br}2] 2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. In complex 2, the two thiocarboxylate ligands are coordinated to the bismuth(iii) centre in a didentate fashion, forming a distorted octahedral geometry in which the phenyl group and the lone pair are oriented axial to the plane formed by the two thiocarboxylate ligands. Long-range Bi–S interactions (3.54 Å) link these monomeric units to form a one-dimensional polymer. These compounds, in addition to six previously synthesised complexes: [Bi{SC(=O)C6H5}3] 6, [PhBi{SC(=O)C6H5}2] 7, [Ph2Bi{SC(=O)C6H5}] 8, [Bi{SC(=O)C6H4NO2}3] 9, [PhBi{SC(=O)C6H4NO2}2] 10, and [PhBi{SC(=O)C6H4SO3}] 11, and the thiocarboxylic acids themselves, were assessed for their in vitro activity against Leishmania major promastigotes, and for general toxicity against human fibroblast cells. The thiocarboxylic acids, with the exception of thiobenzoic acid and sulfothiobenzoic acid, were toxic to both L. major parasites and the mammalian cells at high concentrations of 50–100 µM. The bismuth(iii) thiocarboxylate derivatives proved to be more active than the corresponding acids. Among these, the heteroleptic phenyl-substituted bismuth(iii) complexes 2, 4, 5, and 7 were highly active, showing IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values ranging from 0.39 to 4.69 µM, and a clear ligand dependence on activity.
Reconstruction of CSG solid from a set of orthographic three views (2003)

An interpretation method of orthographic three-views of a mechanical drawing based on dividing operations into primitive volumes is presented. The method outputs a constructive solid geometry (CSG) solid model composed of a binary tree of direct sum and difference operations for object shapes limited to combinations of six primitives. The main parts of the method are to extract all loops, to obtain the combinations of the loops of 2-D primitives for each view, to generate all possible combinations of 3-D primitives, and to generate a CSG tree of the direct sum and difference operations on them. The algorithm is described, and some examples are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Word Embeddings, Analogies, and Machine Learning: Beyond king - man + woman = queen. (2016)

Solving word analogies became one of the most popular benchmarks for word embeddings on the assumption that linear relations between word pairs (such as king:man :: woman:queen) are indicative of the quality of the embedding. We question this assumption by showing that the information not detected by linear offset may still be recoverable by a more sophisticated search method, and thus is actually encoded in the embedding. The general problem with linear offset is its sensitivity to the idiosyncrasies of individual words. We show that simple averaging over multiple word pairs improves over the state-of-the-art. A further improvement in accuracy (up to 30% for some embeddings and relations) is achieved by combining cosine similarity with an estimation of the extent to which a candidate answer belongs to the correct word class. In addition to this practical contribution, this work highlights the problem of the interaction between word embeddings and analogy retrieval algorithms, and its implications for the evaluation of word embeddings and the use of analogies in extrinsic tasks.
The Role of Limbic and Hypothalamic Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor in Behavioral Responses to Stress (1993)

CRF in the central nervous system appears to have activating properties on behavior and to coordinate behavioral responses to stress. These behavioral effects of CRF appear to be independent of the pituitary-adrenal axis and can be reversed by a CRF antagonist, alpha-helical CRF9-41. The CRF antagonist reverses not only decreases in behavior associated with stress, but also increases in behavior associated with stress, thus suggesting that the role of CRF is stress dependent and not intrinsic to a given behavioral response. Further, microinjection of alpha-helical CRF9-41 and immunotargeting of CRF neurons in separate brain compartments reveal a link between the anatomical sites that contain CRF and the nature of the behavioral response to stress that can be modified by suppression of endogenous CRF activity therein. Hence, consistent with the dual role of other hypothalamic-releasing factors in integrating hormonal and neural mechanisms by acting both as secretagogues for anterior pituitary hormones and as extrapituitary peptide neurotransmitters, CRF may coordinate coping responses to stress at several bodily levels (Fig. 6). Moreover, dysfunction in such a fundamental homeostatic system may be the key to a variety of pathophysiological conditions including mental disorders.
Room-Temperature Operation of Current Switching Circuit Using Integrated Silicon Single-Hole Transistors (2005)

We report the first room-temperature (RT) circuit operation using two integrated silicon single-hole transistors. We have developed a controllable fabrication process for silicon single-hole transistors (SHTs) in the form of ultranarrow-wire-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) whose channel is formed by reactive ion etching, wet etching, and slight thermal oxidation. Ultralarge Coulomb blockade (CB) oscillation with a peak-to-valley current ratio of over 10 3 (highest ever reported) is observed at RT in a fabricated SHT. A current switching circuit using two SHTs integrated under a single gate is successfully operated at RT. We also demonstrate the technique for controlling CB oscillation peaks by charge injection into silicon nanocrystal floating gates embedded in the gate oxide of SHTs at RT.
Immunosuppressive therapy abrogates unresponsiveness to renal allograft induced by thymic recognition of donor antigens. (1995)

This laboratory and others have previously shown that the intrathymic injection of donor cells or major histocompatibility complex allopeptides induced indefinite survival of a subsequent graft without immunosuppression. This approach may open interesting new perspectives for transplant medicine. Studies to explore the feasibility of the technique in humans can only be designed with some form of concomitant immunosuppression to avoid the risk of irreversible rejection in the case that the thymus approach fails. Thus, one of the first issue to address is whether conventional immunosuppression interfered with the process of thymus tolerance. This study was designed to investigate the above issue. In transplanted Lewis control rats, cyclosporin A (CsA) (10 mg/kg per day) and methylprednisolone (MP) (10 mg/kg twice daily) for 3 days were invariably followed by kidney graft rejection within 10 days. In subsequent experiments, five groups of Lewis rats were injected with medium alone or Brown-Norway (BN) leukocytes into the thymus, and 24 h later, they were orthotopically transplanted with major histocompatibility complex-incompatible kidneys from BN rats. At the time of transplantation, Lewis rats received MP (10 mg/kg twice daily) CsA (10 mg/kg per day), or the combination of the two (MP+CsA at the same dose) for 3 days. Lewis rats injected intrathymically with BN leukocytes but not receiving immunosuppressants had indefinite survival of their kidney graft. The effect of the intrathymic injection of donor cells of inducing unresponsiveness to a subsequent kidney graft was abolished by concomitant immunosuppression. All animals given immunosuppressants rejected their graft within 12 days after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation and Synthetic Application of a Novel Ketene Silyl Acetal of Methyl Trifluoropyruvate (2005)

[reaction: see text] A novel trifluoromethyl ketene silyl acetal (4) of methyl trifluoropyruvate (1) was prepared in 82% yield by metal Mg reduction in a (TMS)Cl/THF system. Subsequent carbon-carbon bond formation such as Mukaiyama aldol, Michael addition, and other nucleophilic reactions of 4 at the trifluoromethylated carbon with various electrophiles gave various coupling products in high yields.
State and parameter estimation of spatiotemporally chaotic systems illustrated by an application to Rayleigh–Bénard convection (2009)

Data assimilation refers to the process of estimating a system's state from a time series of measurements (which may be noisy or incomplete) in conjunction with a model for the system's time evolution. Here we demonstrate the applicability of a recently developed data assimilation method, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter, to nonlinear, high-dimensional, spatiotemporally chaotic flows in Rayleigh-Bénard convection experiments. Using this technique we are able to extract the full temperature and velocity fields from a time series of shadowgraph measurements. In addition, we describe extensions of the algorithm for estimating model parameters. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of our data assimilation technique to a broad class of experimental situations exhibiting spatiotemporal chaos.
Predicting outcomes of case based legal arguments (2003)

In this paper, we introduce IBP, an algorithm that combines reasoning with an abstract domain model and case-based reasoning techniques to predict the outcome of case-based legal arguments. Unlike the predictions generated by statistical or machine-learning techniques, IBP's predictions are accompanied by explanations.We describe an empirical evaluation of IBP, in which we compare our algorithm to prediction based on Hypo's and CATO's relevance criteria, and to a number of widely used machine learning algorithms. IBP reaches higher accuracy than all competitors, and hypothesis testing shows that the observed differences are statistically significant. An ablation study indicates that both sources of knowledge in IBP contribute to the accuracy of its predictions.
Exact Age Prediction in Social Networks (2015)

Predicting accurate demographic information about the users of information systems is a problem of interest in personalized search, ad targeting, and other related fields. Despite such broad applications, most existing work only considers age prediction as one of classification, typically into only a few broad categories.
AutoToon: Automatic Geometric Warping for Face Cartoon Generation (2020)

Caricature, a type of exaggerated artistic portrait, amplifies the distinctive, yet nuanced traits of human faces. This task is typically left to artists, as it has proven difficult to capture subjects' unique characteristics well using automated methods. Recent development of deep end-to-end methods has achieved promising results in capturing style and higher-level exaggerations. However, a key part of caricatures, face warping, has remained challenging for these systems. In this work, we propose AutoToon, the first supervised deep learning method that yields high-quality warps for the warping component of caricatures. Completely disentangled from style, it can be paired with any stylization method to create diverse caricatures. In contrast to prior art, we leverage an SENet and spatial transformer module and train directly on artist warping fields, applying losses both prior to and after warping. As shown by our user studies, we achieve appealing exaggerations that amplify distinguishing features of the face while preserving facial detail.
The Influence of Product Brand-to-Brand Variability on Superdisintegrant Performance<i>A Case Study with Croscarmellose Sodium</i> (2006)

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing croscarmellose sodium functionality with special emphasis on developing a discriminating model tablet formulation to evaluate product brand-to-brand variability. The particle size distribution, water uptake, and swelling properties of five brands of croscarmellose sodium in either neutral water or 0.1 N HCl were studied. Differences were observed in all properties between brands. Media with acidic pH had a negative impact, but to different extents, on both the water uptake and swelling of all croscarmellose sodium brands due to the presence of carboxymethyl sodium substituents. A tablet matrix composed of lactose (75% w/w) and dicalcium phosphate (25% wt/wt) was used to compare the functional equivalency of the five brands of croscarmellose sodium. The tablet disintegration times were inversely proportional to the swelling ability of superdisintegrant in the testing medium regardless of medium temperature and disintegrant concentration. In conclusion; the particle size, total degree of substitution, and the ratio of basic to acidic substituents are important factors that should be considered during product optimization. The tablet matrix composed of lactose and dicalcium phosphate at a weight ratio of 3:1 can be used as a model formulation for product lot-to-lot consistency and product brand-to-brand comparison purposes.
Adaptive postprocessors with DCT-based block classifications (2003)

In this paper, an adaptive postprocessor figured with discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based block classification to effectively remove the so-called blocky effect from compressed video sequences is proposed. The proposed DCT-based detection algorithms for both intraframes and interframes require much lower computation complexity than the spatial-domain approaches. In order to preserve the edge information, the adaptive postprocessor is also designed with a DCT-based edge detection mechanism such that a one-dimensional median filter can be adaptively adjusted to match with the edge orientation. Simulation results show that the proposed DCT-based detection algorithms accurately classifies smooth, edge, or nonsmooth blocks to help the adaptive postprocessor to effectively remove the blocky effect and sharply preserve the edge information.
Evaluation of an algorithm for the assessment of the MTF using an edge method (2000)

An algorithm to calculate the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) of an imaging system from an angled edge image has its own inherent transfer function. Factors such as the angle of the sampling aperture to the edge, registration of edge function profiles using the determined edge angle, differentiation, smoothing, and folding all combine to produce the frequency response of the algorithm. In this work, the profile registration transfer function accounting for an error in the determined edge angle has been derived. This has been incorporated with other, previously reported, algorithm component transfer functions to fully characterize the MTF calculation algorithm. When registering profiles, small errors in the edge angle determination were found to result in large errors in the MTF, as the misalignment errors increase with the number of profiles. For example, registering 50 profiles a 0.07 degree error in a 7 degree edge angle (1% error) produces a 36% error in the MTF at the system cutoff frequency f=f(c) when profiles are oversampled at a frequency f(s)=8f(c)(f(c) is defined as the maximum frequency reproducible without aliasing when sampling at the limiting system Nyquist frequency f(s) = 2f(c)). These results highlight the importance of quantifying the transfer function of the algorithm used to determine an imaging system modulation transfer function. The MTF calculation algorithm and the transfer function analysis have been incorporated into a Windows-based software program to be made available for general use.
Effects of different durations of estrogen and progesterone treatment on development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in female Lewis rats. (2007)

The duration of E/P treatment is an essential factor for the suppression of mammary carcinogenesis.
Specific gas-liquid interfacial area and liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient in a slurry bubble column. (1987)

A partir de resultats experimentaux d'une precedente etude concernant le coefficient de transfert de matiere volumetrique evaluation separee du coefficient de transfert de matiere et de l'aire interfaciale specifique
Improving the Rprop Learning Algorithm (2000)

The Rprop algorithm proposed by Riedmiller and Braun is one of the best performing first-order learning methods for neural networks. We introduce modifications of the algorithm that improve its learning speed. The resulting speedup is experimentally shown for a set of neural network learning tasks as well as for artificial error surfaces.
Resurgence of Acute Rheumatic Fever (1989)

Between February 1987 and September 1988, there were eight published reports of outbreaks or increases of acute rheumatic fever cases in civilian as well as in military populations in the United States. This is a change from the past decade. Because rheumatic fever is no longer a reportable disease to local or state health departments, we thought it important to attempt to ascertain the extent of this middle 1980s resurgence. We contacted 56 physicians by telephone, all of them pediatric cardiologists. Essentially, all practice in large referral medical centers.
Menthol as an Ergogenic Aid for the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games: An Expert-Led Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Method (2020)

Consensus was reached on 62 statements in total (38/24 topical application/rinsing), enabling the development of guidance on safe menthol administration, with a view to enhancing performance and perception in the heat without impairing body temperature regulation.
[The effect of envelope protein mutation on hepatitis B virus assemble]. (2005)

There was no effect of envelope protein mutation on the expression and secretion of S protein. Envelope protein mutation could interfere the assembly of HBV particle and cause reduction of secretion of HBV.
A reusable operational software architecture for advanced robotics (1996)

Robotic software can be broadly categorized into two levels. The first is the actuator control software. The other level is the system control software. Three layers further comprise the system control software. The top-most is the man-machine interface. The lowest is the real-time control layer. The middle layer is known as the operational software layer.
Current industrial robots are monolithic six degrees-of-freedom manipulators that have minimal operational software requirements. On the other hand, advanced robots are based on modularity, redundancy, fault-tolerance, and performance. The operational software layer for these robots should be general and reconfigurable, and should support kinematics, dynamics, deflection modeling, performance criteria, fault-tolerance, and condition-based maintenance. The development of a reusable and general architecture for the operational software layer is the prime goal of this research. This includes: (1) requirements generation for an advanced robotic software system, (2) the selection of a development, execution, and test environment, (3) the development of a reusable software architecture to support Operational Software Components for Advanced Robots (OSCAR), (4) the development of applications to demonstrate OSCAR in simulation on a wide variety of robots and in real-time on a seventeen degrees-of-freedom dual-arm manipulator, (5) the design and development of experiments to validate the advantages of OSCAR, (6) development and demonstration of a real-time formulation of the direct-search generalized inverse kinematics scheme.
The development of OSCAR is based on object-oriented design. Object-oriented design professes the development of software components that are extensible and have standardized interfaces. The application of this philosophy led to the break-down of the advanced robotics domain into sub-domains. An analysis of these sub-domains lead to the identification of components that made up the sub-domain. A detailed analysis and design of these components then followed.
Applications and experimentation validated the effectiveness of this software architecture. Achieved goals of this software architecture were demonstrated by the applications. The experiments demonstrated that OSCAR provided a 30% improvement in its 'ease of use' and an approximately 200% reduction in program development time as compared to the other robotic software in use at the Robotics Research Group.
The real-time formulation of the direct-search inverse kinematics technique showed a 170-times performance improvement when used on a seven degrees-of-freedom robot.