gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation and Photochemical <scp>W</scp> olff Rearrangement of Cyclic α‐Diazo Ketones: <scp>D</scp> ‐Norandrost‐5‐en‐3β‐ol‐16‐Carboxylic Acids (2003)

Abstract Formation and photochemical Wolff rearrangement of cyclic α‐diazo ketones: D ‐norandrost‐5‐en‐3β‐ol‐16‐carboxylic acids intermediate: 16‐ Oximinoandrost ‐5‐ en ‐3β‐ ol ‐17‐ one intermediate: 7.50 g. (0.0239 mole) of 16‐diazoandrost‐5‐en‐3β‐ol‐17‐one product: D ‐norandrost‐5‐en‐3β‐ol‐16α‐carboxylic acid product: methyl D ‐norandrost‐5‐en‐3β‐ol‐16β‐carboxylate
Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Water-Soluble Benzoylphenylureas. (1999)

Water-soluble benzoylphenylurea derivatives were synthesized as candidate prodrugs and their antitumor activities were examined in vivo against P388 leukemia. Some of the prodrugs were highly soluble in water and showed good antitumor activities against P388 leukemia cells in mice when injected intravenously.
Use of Battery Energy Storage System to Improve the Power Quality and Stability of Wind Farms (2006)

This paper presents the use of battery energy storage system for power smoothing in generation systems in which power flow variations can occur. These variations are the norm in wind energy generation. A simulation model for a battery energy storage system and a wind farm using squirrel cage induction generators magnetized with fixed capacitor banks are presented. And a decoupling and feed forward compensating control strategy is proposed. Simulations have been carried out and demonstrate that the BESS has the potential to significantly improve the wind farm's performance. Through control of the charging and discharging of the BESS using a power electronic interface, it is shown that the wind farm's output power can be controlled to a constant value. In addition, there is an overall improvement in the transient and dynamic response of the system.
Design and assembly of a double-sided 3D package with a controller and a DRAM stack (2012)

The microelectronic packaging field is moving into the third dimension for miniaturization, low power consumption, and better performance. In this paper, we present a double-sided flip-chip organic substrate with a memory controller on one side of the package, and 3D stacked disaggregated memory chips on the other side of the package. This design allows the controller to interface with the DRAM stack directly through the substrate providing the shortest possible interconnect path, and thus achieving the fastest signaling speed. However, this double-sided flip chip on organic substrate also causes yield, assembly, test, and reliability challenges. In order to optimize the assembly process, a sequential 3D finite-element model was developed to simulate the package assembly process. In these simulations, various assembly process sequences were simulated with different conditions and materials. In addition, a probing test model was also built to study the connectivity of the Land Grid Array (LGA) pin array with the PCB sockets. Results show that the careful selection of assembly steps and package materials are crucial for the successful package assembly and also important for the probing test.
Detection of Water or Gas Entries in Horizontal Wells From Temperature Profiles (2006)

Abstract The temperature profiles in a horizontal oil-producing well can be measured precisely with distributed temperature sensors, which are being increasingly installed in intelligent well completions. With temperature resolution on the order of 0.1 °F, modern temperature-measuring instruments can detect small temperature changes along the wellbore that can indicate the locations of water or gas entries into an oil well. These temperature changes are primarily caused by differences in Joule-Thomson effects for each phase (oil, water, and gas) caused by the pressure drop in the well. In this paper, we illustrate a specific condition for which water entry locations can be identified from the temperature profile of a horizontal well. The criterion for such discrimination is that a measurable change in the slope of the temperature profile occurs at the water entry location. Using a numerical model of temperature and pressure in the reservoir and the wellbore, we calculate time-varying temperature profiles for a bottom water drive reservoir. In these calculations, one section of the well was experiencing a large flow rate, while the rest of the open section of the well produced oil at a smaller rate. We varied the production rate and types of oil to see their effects on the temperature profiles. From these sensitivity studies, we identified the relative water production rates that create identifiable temperature anomalies in the temperature profile along a horizontal well. The results confirm the utility of temperature profiles in identifying water or gas entries if the well rate is large.
2A1-P01 A Mobile Robot for Visually Impaired to Avoid The Obstacle Not Included in Numeric Map(Localization and Mapping) (2011)

We study the system with Virtual Haptic Map that is aimed to support self-walking of visually disabled persons. In this paper, we report on the system to avoid the obstacle not included in numeric map. This system recognizes positions of obstacles with a laser range sensor and recognizes impassableness areas. The visually disabled persons independent walking support was achieved while evading the obstacle that combined this with a past system and was not displayed in Virtual Haptic Map.
The potential of upstream social marketing (2013)

Since social marketing emerged in the 1970s, much of the focus in the field has been on individual behaviour change. However, since the mid 1990s, scholars have proposed that social marketing should broaden its scope beyond individuals, or groups of consumers, and attempt to influence those that help shape the determinants of human behaviour such as policy makers, regulators, managers, educators and the media (Goldberg, 1995; Andreasen, 2006). The premise is that marketing concepts and techniques, alongside other tools, can be used to influence the behaviours of decision makers and opinion formers for example to induce policy change. This in turn can influence the environment in which individual behaviours operate. For example, upstream social marketing has been influential in changing the environment in relation to smoking, including bans on tobacco marketing and introduction of smoke free legislation (Pollay, 2004). Yet there remains a lack of guidance, and absence of test cases of how upstream social marketing can and should operate (Hoek and Jones, 2011).
Partialsynthese von Adenosyl-corrinoiden und dem 1.N<sup>6</sup>-Äthen-adenosyl-cobalamin mit fluoreszierendem Nucleosidanteil / Partial Synthesis of Adenolylcorrinoids and of 1,N<sup>6</sup>-Etheno-Adenosylcobalamin with a Fluorescent Nucleoside (1975)

Adenosylcobalamin and several analogs of this corrinoid are prepared by an improved method and separated by an one-step-chromatography on columns of carboxymethylcellulose. Pure water is the eluting agent. The same method is suitable for the preparation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosylcobalamin, a corrinoid with fluorescent nucleoside.
Notch signal transduction is not regulated by SEL1L in leukaemia and lymphoma cells in culture. (2003)

The transduction of Notch signal plays an intricate role in cell differentiation and pathogenesis of haematological malignancies as well as in certain congenital conditions. The functionality of Notch signalling was tested using HES1 gene activation. SEL1 gene product has been postulated to be a negative regulator of Notch signalling. We investigated the relationship between Notch signalling and the expression of SEL1L gene in a number of leukaemia and lymphoma cells in culture. The cell lines could be separated into two groups. Group 1 contained lymphoma cell lines in which Notch signalling was intact; of these 4 cell lines were SEL1L+/HES1- and 3 SEL1L-/HES1-. Notch signalling was not subverted by EBNA2 expression in these lymphoma cells. In Group 2 cell lines Notch signalling was constitutively active but 6 out of 7 cell lines expressed SEL1L at high levels. In summary, a majority of cell lines of both groups express SEL1L and no inverse relationship is evident between SEL1L expression and the status of Notch signalling. The present investigation therefore suggests that SEL1L may not exert a negative regulatory influence on Notch signalling. No genomic alterations affecting SEL1L were detected either in the lymphoma or T-ALL cell lines tested. Taken together the present findings do not support the postulated negative regulatory role for SEL1L in Notch signalling.
First Principles Simulations of Li Ion Migration in Materials Related to LiPON Electrolytes (2010)

In an effort to understand stability and ionic conduction mechanisms in the LiPON family of solid electrolytes, we have carried out first principles calculations of several related crystalline materials. Simulation results include heats of formation, zone center lattice vibrational modes, and activation energies for Li ion migration. In the course of this work, we discovered new stable crystalline forms of Li2PO2N, based on the previously known phosphate chain structure of LiPO3.
An application of photoconductive switch for high-speed testing (2002)

This paper describes a high speed test technique for CMOS device with I/O terminals using photoconductive switch (PC-switch). Since the switching speed of the PC-switch is high, it can be utilized by fast test systems. The PC-switch uses indium phosphide (InP), and has an on-resistance 40-60 /spl Omega/, a switching time of 1 ns, a capacitance between terminals of 31 fF, and a break down voltage 9.5 V. The PC-switch can be used with a laser diode (LD) to implement an optical driven line switch (ODLS). The performance of ODLS is suitable for testing devices with high speed I/O pins. The ROUND TRIP DELAY of less than 500 ps is achievable by assembling the I/O switch on a performance board in close proximity to the device pin. The I/O switching characteristics of this PC-switch have been verified by simulation and experimentation.
Synthesis of Hierarchical Mesoporous Mn–MFI Zeolite Nanoparticles: A Unique Architecture of Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides (2013)

Abstract An efficient procedure for aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides catalyzed by new self‐assembled hierarchical mesoporous Mn–MFI in the presence of air under solvent‐free conditions as well as in aqueous medium is reported. The mesoporosity and Mn 4+ loading, together with a highly crystalline microporous pore wall structure of the MFI framework were achieved through a newly designed hydrothermal process. This hydrothermal approach leads to hierarchical self‐assembled mesoporous zeolite structures through isomorphous substitution of Si by Mn and Al. It is shown that Mn‐containing mesoporous zeolites are capable to form disulfide bonds from thiols in the presence of air. The zeolitic materials were characterized by XRD, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 29 Si NMR, 27 Al NMR, and EPR spectroscopy, as well as AAS analysis and N 2 sorption studies. N 2 sorption analysis revealed high surface areas and narrow pore size distributions (1.2–6.0 nm) for different samples. The mesoporous Mn–ZSM‐5 acted as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst with maximum catalytic activity in the benzenethiol conversion to diphenyldithiol.
A Parallel Distributed Weka Framework for Big Data Mining Using Spark (2015)

Effective Big Data Mining requires scalable and efficient solutions that are also accessible to users of all levels of expertise. Despite this, many current efforts to provide effective knowledge extraction via large-scale Big Data Mining tools focus more on performance than on use and tuning which are complex problems even for experts. Weka is a popular and comprehensive Data Mining workbench with a well-known and intuitive interface, nonetheless it supports only sequential single-node execution. Hence, the size of the datasets and processing tasks that Weka can handle within its existing environment is limited both by the amount of memory in a single node and by sequential execution. This work discusses DistributedWekaSpark, a distributed framework for Weka which maintains its existing user interface. The framework is implemented on top of Spark, a Hadoop-related distributed framework with fast in-memory processing capabilities and support for iterative computations. By combining Weka's usability and Spark's processing power, DistributedWekaSpark provides a usable prototype distributed Big Data Mining workbench that achieves near-linear scaling in executing various real-world scale workloads - 91.4% weak scaling efficiency on average and up to 4x faster on average than Hadoop.
Prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor immunoreactivity in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa (1998)

To evaluate the clinical significance of the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cases of this tumour and ten samples of normal oral mucosa were immunostained with a monoclonal anti-EGFr antibody using an immunoalkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. EGFr immunoreactivity was detected in 36 of 100 tumours and in all samples of normal mucosa. Tumour cells demonstrated distinct membrane staining in 14 cases and predominantly cytoplasmic staining in 22 additional cases. EGFr was exclusively localized on the cell membrane of normal epithelial cells. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess overall survival and disease-free survival. A significant positive correlation was shown between EGFr membranous immunoreactivity and prolonged survival, in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Accordingly, patients with oral SCC showing down-regulated expression of membranous EGFr, who are more likely to suffer recurrence and death, should be strictly followed up and possibly treated with more aggressive therapeutic regimens.
Pyruvate is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant molecule. (2006)

Pyruvic acid, an intermediate metabolite of glucose, an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, reduces circulating levels of HMGB1 (high mobility group B1), decreases COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and IL-6 (interleukin-6) mRNA expression in liver, ileal mucosa, and colonic mucosa in animal models with endotoxemia. These studies suggest that pyruvate has potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Insulin influences the production of pyruvate by its action on glucose metabolism and pyruvate is an insulin secretagogue. This suggests that in metabolic syndrome X, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer (where insulin resistance is common due to enhanced TNF-alpha production) pyruvate plays a role. This may have relevance to the use of glucose-insulin-potassium regimen in these clinical conditions, sepsis, and cancer.
Protein Aggregation and Polyasparagine-Mediated Cellular Toxicity in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

It is well established that protein aggregation is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders including polyglutamine diseases, but a mechanistic understanding of the role of protein aggregates in the disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Previously thought to be the cause of cellular toxicity such as cellular dysfunction and cell death, protein aggregation is now proposed to serve a protective role by sequestering toxic oligomers from interfering with essential physiological processes. To investigate the relationship between protein aggregation and cellular toxicity, we have characterized and compared the effects of two GFP-fusion proteins that form aggregates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one with a polyasparagine repeat (GFP(N104)) and one without (GFP(C)). Although both proteins can form microscopically visible GFP-positive aggregates, only the GFP(N104)-containing aggregates exhibit morphological and biochemical characteristics that resemble the aggregates formed by mutant huntingtin in yeast cells. Formation of both the GFP(C) and GFP(N104) aggregates depends on microtubules, while only the GFP(N104) aggregate requires the chaperone Hsp104 and the prion Rnq1 and is resistant to SDS. Although no microscopically visible GFP(N104) aggregates were observed in the hsp104Delta and rnq1Delta mutant cells, SDS-insoluble aggregates can still be detected by the filter trap assay. These observations argue that the GFP(N104)-containing aggregates can exist in at least two distinct states in vivo. We also show that a nucleus-targeted GFP(N104) interferes with transcription from two SAGA-dependant promoters and results in a decrease in cell viability. Overall, the results imply that the GFP(N104) protein behaves similarly to the mutant huntingtin in yeast cells and provides a new model for investigating the interplay between protein aggregates and the associated phenotypes.
Pharmacologically active benzo[b]thiophen derivatives. Part VII. Analogues of tryptamine and heteroauxin (1969)

Some 2-(5-substituted 3-benzo[b]thienyl)ethylamines have been prepared by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride and aluminium chloride in dry ether of the corresponding 3-benzo[b]thienylacetonitriles. Hydrolysis of these cyanides with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid, glacial acetic acid, and water (1 : 1 : 1 v/v) gave the corresponding 3-benzo[b]thienylacetic acid derivatives, which reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid chlorides. Treatment of the 5-chloro-compound with t-butyl alcohol gave the t-butyl ester, and of all the acid chlorides with methylamine or dimethylamine gave the corresponding secondary or tertiary amides, which were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride and aluminium chloride in dry ether to the corresponding N-methyl-or NN-dimethyl-tryptamine analogues. 3-Benzo[b]thienylmethylamine, 2-(3-benzo[b]thienyl)ethylamine, and their 5-chloro-derivatives reacted with aqueous potassium cyanate to give the corresponding substituted ureas, and with S-methylthiouronium iodide to give the corresponding substituted guanidine hydroiodides. A similar series of compounds with the side-chain in the 2-position of 5-chloro- and 5-bromobenzo[b]thiophen, has been prepared. Some pharmacological results are briefly reported.
Experimental radioimmunotherapy with I-131-antibody against a differentiation antigen (1985)

The authors have previously shown that I-131-labeled antibodies (Ab) against the Thyl.l antigen can care AKR/Cu (Thyl.2+) mice bearing the AKR/J (Thy 1l.1+) SL2 T-cell lymphoma. The authors have now extended these studies to therapy with I-131-anti-Thyl.1 of SL2 lymphoma in AKR/J mice where Ab reacts with both tumor and normal cells. A 25 ..mu..g bolus was rapidly cleared from serum by binding to spleen cells (75% with Tl/2 <60 min.) and only low concentrations of Ab(<2% ID/gm) were present in tumor after infusion. Therapy of AKR/J mice bearing established s.c. lymphoma nodules with 1500 ..mu..Ci I-131-anti-Thyl.1 resulted in complete regression of the nodule in 6/6 animals although tumor eventually regrew and all animals died of metastatic lymphoma. In contrast, I-131-irrelevant Ab given to produce the same amount of whole body radiation (750 ..mu..Ci) did not affect tumor growth. These studies suggest that radiolabeled-AB against differentiation antigens may be useful for therapy in spite of binding to normal cell populations.
Preparation of Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerisation in the Presence of Insulin (2001)

Butyl cyanoacrylate has been polymerised by dispersion in acidified water, with introduction of insulin during the reaction, to yield nanoparticles containing the drug. Polymer molecular weight measurement, carried out by gel permeation chromatography, shows that insulin is capable of initiating polymerisation of this monomer, but if the drug is included at the beginning of the synthesis the reaction is not controllable and nanoparticles are not formed. Introduction of insulin into a dispersed monomer system that has already been initiated by the hydroxyl ion, but is still polymerising, gives a controllable synthesis yielding nanoparticles. Molecular weight measurement suggests that the insulin is covalently bound to the polymer chain.
CeO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method: evolution from nanospheres to nanorods (2011)

Ceria (CeO2) plays a vital role in emerging technologies for environmental and energy-related applications. The catalytic efficiency of ceria nanoparticles depends on its morphology. In this study, CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method under different synthesis temperatures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering results indicated that all the synthesized samples had a pure cubic CeO2 structure. Rietveld analysis and Raman scattering also revealed the presence of structural defects due to an associated reduction in the valence of the Ce4+ ions to Ce3+ ions caused by an increasing molar fraction of oxygen vacancies. The morphology of the samples was controlled by varying the synthesis temperature. The TEM images show that samples synthesized at 80 °C consisted of spherical particles of about 5 nm, while those synthesized at 120 °C presented a mix of spherical and rod-like nanoparticles and the sample synthesized at 160 °C consisted of nanorods with 10 nm average diameter and 70 nm length. The microwave-assisted method proved to be highly efficient for the synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles with different morphologies.
Exploiting semantic extraction for spatiotemporal indexing in GeoNODE (2000)

This paper presents an approach to information access based on spatiotemporal indexing. We describe GeoNODE, a &quot;news on demand&quot; system that visualizes news stories and other articles in terms of chronological time lines, geographical maps, and spatiotemporal animations. This spatiotemporal indexing is critically informed by our information extraction system, Alembic. This paper thus covers several dimensions of the technological partnership between GeoNODE and Alembic. We start with the end product, the display of spatiotemporally indexed documents, and work our way back through the various aspects of information extraction that underlie the indexing. We focus especially on those extraction tasks that operate at a common semantic level across diverse document sources and diverse languages. Introduction We are concerned in this work with exploiting the fruits of information extraction to provide indexed visualization of news stories. News, in these millenial times, has become a hetero...