gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Existing approaches to tight rock laboratory petrophysics: a critical review (2015)

A review of the existing methods for tight rock porosity, saturation, and permeability determination was performed taking into account that these methods should be applicable for Bazhenov formation evaluation. The following methods were considered: Archimedes mercury immersion; mercury displacement; caliper; helium pycnometry on crushed samples; nuclear magnetic resonance; modified retort method; modified Dean-Stark extraction; pulse decay method; and pressure decay test on crushed samples. The applicability of the pressure decay test on a crushed sample for Bazhenov formation evaluation is checked experimentally with the SMP-200 commercial permeameter. All the above listed methods were combined into five protocols for tight rock petrophysical evaluation. These protocols were analyzed and compared according to the following criteria: accuracy of the results; usage experience; time of measurements; easiness of interpretation; reliability and safety; price. The obtained results revealed that the most effective protocol is the one that includes pressure pulse on a core plug for permeability determination, He pycnometry and modified retort analysis on crushed samples for porosity and saturation determination. As there were cases when the proposed protocol was less effective vs. other protocols, a special scheme was suggested in order to choose the most effective protocol for tight rock petrophysical properties evaluation in definite conditions.
Benzoic Acid, a Weak Organic Acid Food Preservative, Exerts Specific Effects on Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Pathways in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2004)

Microbial spoilage of food causes losses of up to 40% of all food grown for human consumption worldwide. Yeast growth is a major factor in the spoilage of foods and beverages that are characterized by a high sugar content, low pH, and low water activity, and it is a significant economic problem. While growth of spoilage yeasts such as Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can usually be retarded by weak organic acid preservatives, the inhibition often requires levels of preservative that are near or greater than the legal limits. We identified a novel synergistic effect of the chemical preservative benzoic acid and nitrogen starvation: while exposure of S. cerevisiae to either benzoic acid or nitrogen starvation is cytostatic under our conditions, the combination of the two treatments is cytocidal and can therefore be used beneficially in food preservation. In yeast, as in all eukaryotic organisms, survival under nitrogen starvation conditions requires a cellular response called macroautophagy. During macroautophagy, cytosolic material is sequestered by intracellular membranes. This material is then targeted for lysosomal degradation and recycled into molecular building blocks, such as amino acids and nucleotides. Macroautophagy is thought to allow cellular physiology to continue in the absence of external resources. Our analyses of the effects of benzoic acid on intracellular membrane trafficking revealed that there was specific inhibition of macroautophagy. The data suggest that the synergism between nitrogen starvation and benzoic acid is the result of inhibition of macroautophagy by benzoic acid and that a mechanistic understanding of this inhibition should be beneficial in the development of novel food preservation technologies.
SrNb2O6 nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic activity (2010)

SrNb2O6 having a rhombic nanotubular structure with a diameter of 300 nm, average length of 3 μm and wall thickness of 50 nm was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. The prepared powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field-emission electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to the same material prepared by the solid-state reaction method, the rhombic nanotubes of SrNb2O6 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the production of H2 from pure water, which was mainly attributed to their higher surface area. Moreover, the increased optical absorption properties resulting from the variation of the crystal structure also contributed to their higher photocatalytic activity.
Synergistic inhibitory effect of gemcitabine and angiotensin type-1 receptor blocker, losartan, on murine pancreatic tumor growth via anti-angiogenic activities (2009)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death, and represents a challenging chemotherapeutic problem. The crucial role of angiogenesis in tumor growth has been widely recognized, and several reports have revealed that the combination treatment of the conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and anti-angiogenic agents exerted synergistic anti-cancerous effects. It has been reported that the clinically used angiotensin type-1 receptor blocker (ARB) exerted potent anti-angiogenic activity. The aim of our current study was to examine the combination effect of gemcitabine (GEM), a widely used conventional chemotherapeutic drug against pancreas cancer, and losartan (Lo), an ARB, on murine pancreatic tumor growth, especially in conjunction with angiogenesis. When used individually, GEM and Lo at clinically comparable low doses moderately suppressed pancreatic tumor development. The combination treatment with GEM and Lo exerted a marked inhibitory effect as compared with single agent treatments even after the tumor was fully established. Neovascularization and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central angiogenic factor, in the tumor were both markedly suppressed in a magnitude similar to the inhibitory effects against the tumor growth. Since both agents are widely used in the clinical practice, the combination regimen of GEM and Lo may represent a potential new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer in the future.
Crosslinkable TAPC‐Based Hole‐Transport Materials for Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Reduced Efficiency Roll‐Off (2012)

Abstract 1‐Bis[4‐[ N , N ‐di(4‐tolyl)amino]phenyl]‐cyclohexane (TAPC) has been widely used in xerography and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but derivatives are little known. Here, a new series of solution‐processable, crosslinkable hole conductors based on TAPC with varying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies from −5.23 eV to −5.69 eV is implemented in blue phosphorescent OLEDs. Their superior perfomance compared with the well‐known N4,N4,N4′,N4′‐tetraphenylbiphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine (TPDs) analogues regarding hole‐injection and mobility, electron and exciton blocking capabilities, efficiency, and efficiency roll‐off is demonstrated. Overall, the TAPC‐based devices feature higher luminous and power efficiency over a broader range of brightness levels and reduced efficiency roll off. A systematic broadening of the emission zone is observed as the hole‐injection barrier between the anode and the hole‐transporting layer increased.
The influence of iridium chemical oxidation state on the performance and durability of oxygen evolution catalysts in PEM electrolysis (2017)

Nanosized Ir-black (3 nm) and Ir-oxide (5 nm) oxygen evolution electrocatalysts showing high performance in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis based on Aquivion® short-side chain ionomer membrane are investigated to understand the role of the Ir oxidation state on the electrocatalytic activity and stability. Despite the smaller mean crystallite size, the Ir-black electrocatalyst shows significantly lower initial performance than the Ir-oxide. During operation at high current density, the Ir-black shows a decrease of cell potential with time whereas the Ir-oxide catalyst shows increasing cell potential resulting in a degradation rate of about 10 μV/h, approaching 1000 h. The unusual behaviour of the Ir-black results from the oxidation of metallic Ir to IrOx. The Ir-oxide catalyst shows instead a hydrated structure on the surface and a negative shift of about 0.5 eV for the Ir 4f binding energy after 1000 h electrolysis operation. This corresponds to the formation of a sub-stoichiometric Ir-oxide on the surface. These results indicate that a hydrated IrO2 with high oxidation state on the surface is favourable in decreasing the oxygen evolution overpotential. Modifications of the Ir chemical oxidation state during operation can affect significantly the catalytic activity and durability of the electrolysis system.
An Analytical and Experimental Analysis for a One-Dimensional Passive Stand-Off Layer Damping Treatment (2000)

Passive stand-off layer (PSOL) damping treatments are presently being implemented in many commercial and defense designs. In a passive stand-off layer damping treatment, a stand-off or spacer layer is added to a conventional passive constrained layer (PCL) damping treatment. An analytical model which quantifies the bending and shearing contributions of the stand-off layer has been developed for a passive stand-off layer damping treatment applied to a beam. The equations of motion were derived and solved in order to simulate the frequency responses of several beams treated with passive stand-off layer damping. A series of experiments was conducted in order to test this analytical model. These experiments measured the frequency responses of a variety of beams treated with passive stand-off layer damping treatments. The experimentally measured results were normalized and calibrated and then compared with the theoretical predictions using the new analytical model. This comparison showed that the analytical model was able to predict very accurately the frequency responses of the beams treated with passive stand-off layer damping. [S0739-3717(00)01004-7]
Low-profile WCDMA Internal Antenna (2001)

A compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with a coplanar parasitic element for WCDMA mobile communication handset terminals is presented. The antenna has small size, good radiation performance, minimal degradation of performance caused by user proximity, wide bandwidth and two unique close resonant frequencies that are ideally suited for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) WCDMA systems with a 190MHz-frequency separation.
Water proton NMR—a sensitive probe for solute association (2015)

It is found that the transverse relaxation rate R2 of the water protons can be used to quantify protein aggregation and surfactant micellization in water. The simplicity and high intensity of the water proton signal enables non-invasive chemical analysis not readily achievable through solute proton signals, such as inspecting finished biologic products.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN IL-2-ACTIVATED NATURAL KILLER AND T CELLS ON GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AND GRAFT-VERSUS-LEUKEMIA IN SCID MICE BEARING HUMAN LEUKEMIC CELLS (1995)

We have previously reported that xenogeneic lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was induced by transplantation of a mixture of human IL-2 activated natural killer (NK) and T cells into SCID mice conditioned with 4 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI), but not by IL-2-activated pure human T cells or NK cells. TBI and transplantation of the mixture of activated cells were both required to produce the lethal effect. We now report the effect of human IL-2 activated NK, T, or NK+T effector cells on the development of acute and chronic GVHD and GVL in SCID mice bearing human leukemic cells. Ten days after being inoculated i.v. with 2 x 10(7) human U-937 or K-562 leukemic cells, SCID mice, hereafter termed hu-leukemic mice, were radiated with 4 Gy TBI and transplanted i.v. with 5 x 10(7) human IL-2-activated NK, T, or NK+T effector cells. Hu-leukemic control mice received neither TBI nor effector cell transplantation. Acute GVHD-positive control SCID mice were transplanted with 5 x 10(7) H-2-incompatible C57Bl/6 splenocytes following 4 Gy TBI. The mice were observed for signs of GVHD and leukemia for 90 days. Twenty of 20 non-effector cell-transplanted control hu-leukemic mice developed signs related to leukemia and died with leukemic infiltration in the brain, liver, kidney, and lung 50-65 days after inoculation. Flow cytometry (FC) demonstrated 21-89% human leukemic cell infiltration in the bone marrow. Fourteen of 14 hu-leukemic mice transplanted with NK+T effector cells did not develop signs of advanced leukemia but died within 17 days of acute GVHD. FC demonstrated no human leukemic cells in their marrow. Twelve of 15 and 18 of 25 hu-leukemic mice transplanted with either NK or T cells survived 90 days without any evidence of symptomatic leukemia (P < 0.01 compared with non-effector cell-transplanted groups). NK-transplanted hu-leukemic animals experienced mild-to-moderate acute GVHD during the first 10-20 days posttransplantation, but gradually recovered and did not develop chronic GVHD. Hu-leukemic animals transplanted with T effector cells manifested no signs of leukemia or acute GVHD but chronic GVHD skin lesions appeared 80-90 days after transplantation. We conclude that acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and GVL are associated but separable phenomena.
Loss of glomerular foot processes is associated with uncoupling of podocalyxin from the actin cytoskeleton (2001)

Podocalyxin (PC), the major sialoprotein of glomerular epithelial cells (GECs), helps maintain the characteristic architecture of the foot processes and the patency of the filtration slits.PC associates with actin via ezrin, a member of the ERM family of cytoskeletal linker proteins.Here we show that PC is linked to ezrin and the actin cytoskeleton via Na + /H + -exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2), a scaffold protein containing two PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domains and an ERM-binding region.The cytoplasmic tail of PC contains a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (DTHL) that binds to the second PDZ domain of NHERF2 in yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays.By immunocytochemistry NHERF2 colocalizes with PC and ezrin along the apical domain of the GEC plasma membrane.NHERF2 and ezrin form a multimeric complex with PC, as they coimmunoprecipitate with PC.The PC/NHERF2/ezrin complex interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, and this interaction is disrupted in GECs from puromycin aminonucleoside-, protamine sulfate-, or sialidase-treated rats, which show a dramatic loss of foot processes, comparable to that seen in the nephrotic syndrome.Thus NHERF2 appears to function as a scaffold protein linking PC to ezrin and the actin cytoskeleton.PC/NHERF2/ezrin/actin interactions are disrupted in pathologic conditions associated with changes in GEC foot processes, indicating their importance for maintaining the unique organization of this epithelium.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (2010)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a relatively rare disease but is one of the most extensively studied and best understood neoplasms, and one for which a direct gene link has been found. CML is characterized by a balanced genetic translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), involving a fusion of the Abelson oncogene (ABL) from chromosome 9q34 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22q11.2. This rearrangement is known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The molecular consequence of this translocation is the generation of a BCR-ABL fusion oncogene, which in turn translates into a Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Bcr-Abl displays transforming activity owing to its constitutive kinase activity, which results in multiple signal transduction pathways leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis and resulting in the malignant expansion of pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow. CML is usually diagnosed in the chronic phase (CP) and, if not treated, progresses through an accelerated phase (AP) to a terminal blastic phase (BP).
BodyLAN--a low-power communications system (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation Sites at Amino Acids 239 and 240 of Shc Are Involved in Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Mitogenic Signaling That Is Distinct from Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the Shc adapter protein, which plays an important role in EGF-stimulated mitogenesis. Shc stimulates Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through forming a complex with Grb2 at the phosphorylated tyrosine (Y) residue 317. In this study, we identified novel phosphorylation sites of Shc, at Y239 and Y240. To define the Shc pathway further, we used NIH 3T3 cells expressing the previously characterized mutant EGF receptor (EGF-R) which lacks all known autophosphorylation sites but retains EGF-stimulated mitogenesis with selective phosphorylation of Shc. We constructed wild-type (WT) or mutant Shc cDNAs in which Y317 or/and Y239 and Y240 are replaced with phenylalanine (F) and introduced them into NIH 3T3 cells expressing WT or mutant EGF-R. In the WT EGF-R-expressing cells, the Y239/240/317F Shc, but not Y317F or Y239/240F Shc, decreased EGF-stimulated cell growth. In the mutant EGF-R-expressing cells, Y317F Shc or Y239/240F Shc decreased EGF-stimulated cell growth significantly, though Y317F was a little more potent than Y239/240F. Although cells expressing the Y317F Shc hardly activated MAPK in response to EGF, cells expressing the Y239/240F Shc fully activated MAPK. In contrast, Y239/240F Shc, but not Y317F Shc, reduced the EGF-induced c-myc message. These results suggest that Shc activates two distinct signaling pathways, Y317 to Ras/MAPK and Y239 and Y240 to another pathway including Myc, and that both are involved in EGF-induced mitogenic signaling.
The Definitive Guide to MongoDB: A complete guide to dealing with Big Data using MongoDB (2013)

The Definitive Guide to MongoDB, Third Edition, is updated for MongoDB 3 and includes all of the latest MongoDB features, including the aggregation framework introduced in version 2.2 and hashed indexes in version 2.4. The Third Edition also now includes Node.js along with Python. MongoDB is the most popular of the "Big Data" NoSQL database technologies, and it's still growing. David Hows from 10gen, along with experienced MongoDB authors Peter Membrey and Eelco Plugge, provide their expertise and experience in teaching you everything you need to know to become a MongoDB pro.
Electrostatically driven fiber-optic micromechanical on/off switch and its application to subscriber transmission systems (1990)

The structural design of the switch element is evaluated theoretically and experimentally, and an optimum combination of membrane length and insulator thickness is obtained. Based on the results, a 32-element electrostatically driven switch array is fabricated; its switching performance was found to be excellent. The switch array is applied to a subscriber transmission system using an abnormal subscriber end. A disturbance light from an abnormal subscriber end is successfully interrupted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Wavelength Scaling Holographic Elements</title> (1981)

A simple technique to generate holographic optical elements with diffraction-limited performance at a wavelength different from the construction wavelength has been developed. The method consists of specifying the desired grating performance at the operating wavelength, selecting one construction beam, and utilizing a ray trace program to compute the aberrated construction beam required to create the hologram. A lens capable of focusing this aberrated beam to a point may then be designed using ACCOS-5. A point source used with this lens thus serves to generate the second required construction beam. A sample design which may be used to construct with 0.4579-μm light a grating to operate at 2.8 µm is presented.
Resonant snubber-based soft-switching inverters for electric propulsion drives (1997)

This paper summarizes recently developed soft-switching inverters and proposes two possible options for electric propulsion motor drive applications. The newly developed soft-switching inverter employs an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor per phase to produce a zero voltage across the main switch, so that the main switch can turn-on at the zero-voltage condition. Both the auxiliary switch and the resonant inductor are operating at a fractional duty and, thus, are small in size as compared to the main inverter circuit components. Operation modes in a complete zero-voltage switching cycle for the single-phase soft-switching inverter are described in detail, with graphical explanations. The circuit operation was first verified by a computer simulation, and then further tested with a 1 kW single-phase and a 100 kW three-phase inverter. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to show the superior performance in efficiency improvement, EMI reduction and dv/dt reduction of the proposed soft-switching inverters.
Solid phase epitaxy of diamond cubic Sn<i>x</i>Ge1−<i>x</i> alloys (1996)

Solid phase epitaxy of amorphous SnxGe1−x films on strain relieved Ge films on Si(001) substrates was investigated for alloy compositions in the range 0.02≤x≤0.26. Films with compositions x&lt;0.05 crystallize by solid phase epitaxy as substitutional, strain relieved, diamond cubic alloys without phase separation or surface segregation of Sn. Films with higher Sn compositions exhibit more complicated behavior in which phase separation is believed to follow solid phase epitaxy. This sequence of transformations for higher Sn compositions yields epitaxial, substitutional, strain relieved, diamond cubic SnxGe1−x films with x∼0.05, and excess Sn is segregated in ∼100 nm size domains within the epitaxial alloy film.
World Chemical Outlook 2012 (2012)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTWorld Chemical Outlook 2012Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90, 2, 11–19Publication Date (Print):January 9, 2012Publication History Published online29 March 2013Published inissue 9 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09002-coverhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09002-covernewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts