gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Guinea Pigs to Two Major Polypeptides Derived from Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (1978)

SUMMARY Guinea pigs immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), types adw, adr and ayw, and with two major polypeptides derived from HBsAg/adw developed cell-mediated immunity as determined by the macrophage migration inhibition assay. Peritoneal exudate cells from animals immunized with a 22000- or a 25000-mol. wt. polypeptide derived from HBsAg/adw showed significant migration inhibition after challenge with either polypeptide or with purified HBsAg. Significant inhibition of macrophage migration was not observed when polypeptide-sensitized cells were challenged with normal human serum or with normal human liver extract. Similarly, a cell-mediated immune response was not observed in peritoneal exudate cells from animals sensitized to normal human serum or normal human liver extract which were challenged with either of the polypeptides. The humoral immune response to either of the polypeptides, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was substantially lower than that observed in animals immunized with intact particles. This apparent difference between cellular and humoral responses suggests that the macrophage migration assay is a sensitive indicator of the immunogenicity of the smaller mol. wt. HBsAg-derived polypeptides in guinea pigs.
The High Aqueous Solubility of  K 2 S  and Its Effect on Bulk and Photoelectrochemical Characteristics of Cd ( SeTe )  /  S x  =  Cells: II . Variation of Sulfur/Sulfide Ratio (1986)

Variation of sulfur/alkali sulfide ratio is shown to modify significantly transparency, redox potential, and half‐life of aqueous polysulfide solutions. In electrolytes containing 3m total sulfur and various concentration of , shift in from 2.5 to 0.4 is calculated to change the primary polysulfide species from to in solution. When these electrolytes are employed in photoelectrochemical solar cells, a decrease in , from 2.5 to 1.8, increases relative optical to electrical conversion efficiencies by 50%, due primarily to improvement in fill factor, paralleled by an increase in . At , photovoltage, photocurrent, and fill factor are depressed. Photovoltage decrease is attributed to negative shifts in redox potential not paralleled by commensurate shifts in flatband potential. At low , an observed decrease in fill factor and photocurrent are related to a decrease in in solution and to ion pairing.
A Self‐Supporting Electrode for Supercapacitors Prepared by One‐Step Pyrolysis of Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Blends (2005)

A new type of supercapacitor electrode is reported, prepared by pressing a carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile blend and then pyrolyzing the pellet (see Figure). Although their specific surface area is very low, e.g., 200 m2 g–1, the C/C composites demonstrate high values of capacitance, up to 100 F g–1. The authors propose two explanations for these remarkable values.
Single-camera stereo vision for obstacle detection in mobile robots (2007)

Stereo vision is attractive for autonomous mobile robot navigation, but the cost and complexity of stereo camera systems and the computational requirements make full stereo vision impractical. A novel optical system allows the capture of a pair of short, wide stereo images from a single camera, which are then processed to detect vertical edges and infer obstacle positions and locations within the planar field of view, providing real-time obstacle detection. Our optical system involves a pair of right-angle prisms stacked vertically, splitting the camera field of view vertically in half. Right angle mirrors on either side redirect the image forward but at a horizontally displaced location, creating two virtual cameras. Tilting these mirrors provides an overlapping image area. Alternately, tilting the prisms produces the same effect. This image area is wide but not very tall. However, in a mobile robot scenario the majority of obstacles of interest intersect this field of view.
Cerebral blood velocity and other cardiovascular responses to 2 days of head-down tilt (1993)

Spaceflight induces a cephalad redistribution of fluid volume and blood flow within the human body, and space motion sickness, which is a problem during the first few days of spaceflight, could be related to these changes in fluid status and in blood flow of the cerebrum and vestibular system. To evaluate possible changes in cerebral blood flow during simulated weightlessness, we measured blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) along with retinal vascular diameters, intraocular pressure, impedance cardiography, and sphygmomanometry on nine men (26.2 +/- 6.6 yr) morning and evening for 2 days during continuous 10 degrees head-down tilt (HDT). When subjects went from seated to head-down bed rest, their heart rate and retinal diameters decreased, and intraocular pressures increased. After 48 h of HDT, blood flow velocity in the MCA was decreased and thoracic impedance was increased, indicating less fluid in the thorax. Percent changes in blood flow velocities in the MCA after 48 h of HDT were inversely correlated with percent changes in retinal vascular diameters. Blood flow velocities in the MCA were inversely correlated (intersubject) with arterial pressures and retinal vascular diameters. Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic arterial pressure, and at times pulse pressure and blood flow velocities in the MCA were greater in the evening. Total peripheral resistance was higher in the morning. Although cerebral blood velocity is reduced after subjects are head down for 2 days, the inverse relationship with retinal vessel diameters, which have control analogous to that of cerebral vessels, indicates cerebral blood flow is not reduced.
Allosteric Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Structure, Function, and Coactivator Recruitment by Different Estrogen Response Elements (2002)

Hormone-activated ERs (ERalpha and ERbeta) bind with high affinity to specific DNA sequences, estrogen response elements (EREs), located within the regulatory regions of target genes. Once considered to function solely as receptor tethers, there is an increasing amount of recent evidence to suggest that the sequence of the ERE can influence receptor activity. In this study, we have performed a systematic analysis of the role of different EREs in ER pharmacology. Specifically, by measuring ER activity on the vitellogenin A2, complement 3 gene, pS2, and lactoferrin EREs, we demonstrate that the activities of E2 and xenoestrogen ligands through ERalpha and ERbeta are significantly influenced by the nature of the response element. Using a series of ERalpha and ERbeta interacting peptides that contain the coactivator-binding motif LXXLL, we show that the type of ERE with which the receptor associates regulates the structure of the coactivator pocket on ER. Furthermore, using a novel ELISA developed to measure ER-coactivator interactions revealed that these different conformational states of ERalpha and ERbeta are functionally relevant, as they dictate receptor coactivator binding preference. Together, these results indicate that the DNA response element is a key regulator of receptor structure and biological activity and suggest the ERE sequence influences the recruitment of coactivators to the ER at target gene promoters. We propose that DNA-induced alteration of protein structure and coregulator recruitment may serve as a universal regulatory component for differential gene expression by other nuclear hormone receptors and unrelated transcription factors.
Delivery of an miR155 inhibitor by anti-CD20 single-chain antibody into B cells reduces the acetylcholine receptor-specific autoantibodies and ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (2014)

MicroRNA-155 (miR155) is required for antibody production after vaccination with attenuated Salmonella. miR155-deficient B cells generated reduced germinal centre responses and failed to produce high-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 antibodies. In this study, we observed up-regulation of miR155 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), and miR155 was also up-regulated in torpedo acetylcholine receptor (T-AChR)-stimulated B cells. We used an inhibitor of miR155 conjugated to anti-CD20 single-chain antibody to treat both the cultured B cells and the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) mice. Our results demonstrated that silencing of miR155 by its inhibitor impaired the B cell-activating factor (BAFF)-R-related signalling pathway and reduced the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB into the nucleus. Additionally, AChR-specific autoantibodies were reduced, which may be related to the altered amounts of marginal zone B cells and memory B cells in the spleens of EAMG mice. Our study suggests that miR155 may be a promising target for the clinical therapy of MG.
Procedures for Using a Revised Colour Appearance Model (1989)

AbstractA previously published model of colour vision has been revised to provide a more realistic balance between the relative contributions from the cones and the rods to the achromatic signal, at various levels of adaptation. Distinctions have also been drawn between visual areas denoted as the adapting field, the surround, the background, and the local induction field. Various minor changes have also been made to make the model more convenient to use. The steps required in using the model are described, and a worked example is included. There are only small differences, between the former and revised models, in the results obtained for hue, colourfulness, saturation, and brightness, for samples viewed on grey, or typical average-scene, backgrounds, at normal photopic levels of illumination.
Concept analysis—a new framework for program understanding (1998)

Concept analysis transforms any relation between objects and attributes into a complete lattice. This concept lattice can be studied by algebraic means and offers remarkable insight into properties and structure of the original relation. As relations between objects and attributes occur all the time in software technology, concept analysis is an attractive foundation for a new class of program analysis tools. The article presents a short overview of the underlying theory, as well as applications for software component retrieval, analysis of configuration spaces, and modularization of legacy code.
Managing evolving shapes in sensor networks (2014)

This work addresses the problem of efficient distributed detection and tracking of mobile and evolving/deformable spatial shapes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The shapes correspond to contiguous regions bounding the locations of sensors in which the readings of the sensors satisfy a particular threshold-based criterion related to the values of a physical phenomenon that they measure. We formalize the predicates representing the shapes in such settings and present detection algorithms. In addition, we provide a light-weight protocol and aggregation methods for energy-efficient distributed execution of those algorithms. Another contribution of this work is that we developed efficient techniques for detecting a co-occurrence of shapes within a given proximity from each other. Our experiments demonstrate that, when compared to the centralized techniques -- which is, predicates being detected in a dedicated sink -- as well as distributed periodic contours construction, our methodologies yield significant energy/communication savings.
Effect of microstructure on the magnetic-field dependence of the local critical current density in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductors (1992)

A contactless method for determining the local critical current density ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) and the effective magnetic permeability of \ensuremath{\mu} of ceramic superconductors is presented. Using this method we have carried out systematic investigations of the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the local critical current density in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ samples with different microstructures. The results show that the character of Josephson junctions in sintered ceramics changes as a function of heat treatment temperature. In spite of the differences in the values of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) and in the types of Josephson junctions, the dependence of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) for various kinds of ceramics has a common universal behavior. Using a scaling procedure it is possible to plot all experimental values of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B), obtained for samples prepared by solid-state sintering, on a single curve. At low magnetic fields this universal function is nearly constant with field and at higher fields it varies as ${\mathit{B}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/2}$. The universal behavior of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) breaks down as the field exceeds the first critical magnetic field of the grains, when the function ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) approaches a constant value. The universal behavior is completely defined by the critical current properties of individual Josephson junctions, a set of which forms the network of weak links in ceramics. Flux pinning therefore does not need to be considered when describing the current carrying capabilities of isotropic sintered ceramics which are weak linked. Analogous universal properties of ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$(B) are observed in nontextured samples prepared by melt-processing technology.
The high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 is expressed in the human and rat testis where it may function as an antibacterial factor (2006)

HMGB1 is expressed by Sertoli cells and germ cells in the mammalian testis. In addition, purified testicular HMGB1 shows antibacterial activity, indicating that this protein may function as a paracrine host defence factor in the testis.
Enzymatic transformation of aliphatic polyesters into cyclic oligomers using enzyme packed column under continuous flow of supercritical carbon dioxide with toluene (2006)

The enzymatic degradation of chemically synthesized typical biodegradable plastics, such as poly(R,S-3-hydroxybutanoate), poly(3-caprolactone) and poly(butylene adipate), into reactive cyclic oligomers under the continuous flow of supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) with toluene through an enzyme column was studied with reference to chemical recycling. It was confirmed that all the tested polymers were quantitatively transformed into the corresponding cyclic oligomers by passage through the column packed with immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) at 40 8C under the continuous flow of scCO2 with some organic solvent. Compared to the pure organic solvents, by the addition of scCO2 as a mobile phase degradation of the polymer was significantly promoted with respect to the reaction time, temperature and polymer concentration for complete transformation of the polyesters into oligomers through the enzyme column. This phenomenon is ascribed to the high diffusivity, low viscosity and better mass-transfer properties of scCO2 as the reaction media. The degradation activity of the enzyme column was maintained for at least 6 months at 40 8C.
Design, manufacturing and test of a spline-profile square horn for focal array applications (2012)

Radiating element optimization is a key factor to improve the overall performances of an array antenna: its type and design must meet RF specifications while being competitive in terms of cost, bulkiness and weight. This paper focuses on the design, manufacturing and test of a splineprofile square horn, designed to be used for telecommunication focal array applications with high efficiency requirements.
Probabilistic models for discovering e-communities (2006)

The increasing amount of communication between individuals in e-formats (e.g. email, Instant messaging and the Web) has motivated computational research in social network analysis (SNA). Previous work in SNA has emphasized the social network (SN) topology measured by communication frequencies while ignoring the semantic information in SNs. In this paper, we propose two generative Bayesian models for semantic community discovery in SNs, combining probabilistic modeling with community detection in SNs. To simulate the generative models, an EnF-Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed to address the efficiency and performance problems of traditional methods. Experimental studies on Enron email corpus show that our approach successfully detects the communities of individuals and in addition provides semantic topic descriptions of these communities.
Central Nervous and Metabolic Effects of Intranasally Applied Leptin (2004)

In obesity, due to the resistance of leptin receptors at the blood brain barrier, increased peripheral leptin levels cannot act appropriately at brain sites relevant for appetite regulation. In this study, we focused on the intranasal application of leptin. This mode of administration provides a promising tool for a direct access of peptides to the brain by circumventing the blood brain barrier. Male Wistar rats were treated daily with 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg leptin intranasally for 4 wk. Compared with controls, leptin-treated animals gained significantly less weight and exhibited significantly reduced food and water intake. Corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus showed a tendency for up-regulation by leptin; neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus was decreased. In the central nucleus of the amygdala, corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA was significantly elevated in leptin-treated animals, suggesting a role in affective and/or emotional aspects of food intake. Serum leptin levels were unchanged, indicating a direct action of leptin in the central nervous system without prior access to the periphery. The intranasal application thus represents a useful tool to administer leptin in a noninvasive way with rapid permeation into the central nervous system.
Agent-based modeling of electric power markets (2014)

A novel agent-based model, the Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS) model, is designed to study market restructuring and the impact of new technologies on the power grid. The agent-based approach captures the complex interactions between the physical infrastructure and the economic behaviors of various agents operating in an electricity market. The electric power system model consists of power generating plants, transmission lines, and load centers. The electric power market is composed of generating company agents who bid capacity and prices into power pools administered by an Independent System Operator (ISO). The ISO agent balances supply and demand for day-ahead markets. EMCAS also simulates real-time market operation to account for the uncertainties in day-ahead forecasts and availability of generating units. This paper describes the model, its implementation, and its use to address questions of congestion management, price forecasting, market design, and market power.
A High-Q Millimeter-Wave Dielectric-Resonator Bandpass Filter Using Whispering-Gallery Modes (2000)

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate global uncertainty in the prediction of Distribution coefficients (Kds) for several Trace Metals (TM) (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) through the probabilistic use of a geochemical speciation model, and to conduct sensitivity analysis in speciation modeling in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty in Kd prediction. As a case study, data from the Loire river (France) were considered. The geochemical speciation model takes into account complexation of TM with inorganic ligands, sorption of TM with hydrous ferric oxides, complexation of TM with dissolved and particulate organic matter (i.e. dissolved and particulate humic acids and fulvic acids) and sorption and/or co-precipitation of TM to carbonates. Probability Density Functions (PDFs) were derived for physico-chemical conditions of the Loire river from a comprehensive collection of monitoring data. PDFs for model parameters were derived from literature review. Once all the parameters were assigned PDFs that describe natural variability and/or knowledge uncertainty, a stepwise structured sensitivity analysis (SA) was performed, by starting from computationally 'inexpensive' Morris method to most costly variance-based EFAST method. The most sensitive parameters on Kd predictions were thus ranked and their contribution to Kd variance was quantified. Uncertainty analysis was finally performed, allowing quantifying Kd ranges that can be expected when considering all the sensitive parameters together.
Antioxidant α‐tocopherol ameliorates glycemic control of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes (2000)

We have shown recently that oxidative stress by chronic hyperglycemia damages the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of non-obese type 2 diabetes, which may worsen diabetic condition and suggested the administration of antioxidants as a supportive therapy. To determine if natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has beneficial effects on the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes, GK rats were fed a diet containing 0, 20 or 500 mg/kg diet alpha-tocopherol. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed a significant increment of insulin secretion at 30 min and a significant decrement of blood glucose levels at 30 and 120 min after glucose loading in the GK rats fed with high alpha-tocopherol diet. The levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, an indicator of glycemic control, were also reduced. Vitamin E supplementation clearly ameliorated diabetic control of GK rats, suggesting the importance of not only dietary supplementation of natural antioxidants but also other antioxidative intervention as a supportive therapy of type 2 diabetic patients.
High rate of early virological failure with the once-daily tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine combination in naive HIV-1-infected patients (2008)

In ARV-naive HIV-1-infected patients, the once-daily lamivudine, tenofovirDF and nevirapine regimen resulted in a high rate of early virological failures. The reasons for the failures remain unclear.