gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of thaxtomin C (1997)

N-Methyl-L-4-nitrotryptophan methyl ester (2) and t-Boc- L-phenylalanine (3) were condensed to form the dipeptide 4, which was then cyclized to give 12-N-methylcyclo-(L-4-nitrotryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl) (1), a.k.a. thaxtomin C, the principle phytotoxin associated with Streptomycesipomoeae. Keywords: Streptomycesipomoeae, phytotoxin, thaxtomin C.
Education in semiconductor manufacturing processes through physically-based dynamic simulation (2002)

We have developed physically-based dynamic simulators relevant to semiconductor manufacturing processes, which realistically reflect the time-dependent behaviour of equipment, process, sensor, and control systems using commercial simulation software (VisSim/sup TM/) under Windows. Following on their successful research use for engineering design, we are applying them to manufacturing education and training. Because they reflect quantitatively and visually the detailed response of the system to user-initiated actions in real time, these simulators promise a new paradigm of active learning through "hands-on" operation of sophisticated expensive processing equipment. The student experience is open-ended, offering not only guided exercises but also the chance to experiment freely with the virtual equipment. Simulator modules are in development for use by both experienced engineers and manufacturing operators, with enhanced graphical interfaces tailored to the student and application.
Regional brain activation in conscious, nonrestrained rats in response to noxious visceral stimulation (2008)

Preclinical drug development for visceral pain has largely relied on quantifying pseudoaffective responses to colorectal distension (CRD) in restrained rodents. However, the predictive value of changes in simple reflex responses in rodents for the complex human pain experience is not known. Male rats were implanted with venous cannulas and with telemetry transmitters for abdominal electromyographic (EMG) recordings. [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine was injected during noxious CRD (60 mmHg) in the awake, nonrestrained animal. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)-related tissue radioactivity was quantified by autoradiography and analyzed in the three-dimensionally reconstructed brain by statistical parametric mapping. 60-mmHg CRD, compared with controls (0 mmHg) evoked significant increases in EMG activity (267+/-24% vs. 103+/-8%), as well as in behavioral pain score (77+/-6% vs. 3+/-3%). CRD elicited significant increases in rCBF as expected in sensory (insula, somatosensory cortex), and limbic and paralimbic regions (including anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala). Significant decreases in rCBF were seen in the thalamus, parabrachial nucleus, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus and pons. Correlations of rCBF with EMG and with behavioral pain score were noted in the cingulate, insula, lateral amygdala, dorsal striatum, somatosensory and motor regions. Our findings support the validity of measurements of cerebral perfusion during CRD in the freely moving rat as a model of functional brain changes in human visceral pain. However, not all regions demonstrating significant group differences correlated with EMG or behavioral measures. This suggests that functional brain imaging captures more extensive responses of the central nervous system to noxious visceral distension than those identified by traditional measures.
[Determination of shionone in Radix Asteris by HPLC]. (2003)

The content of shionone was from 0.06% to 0.18%, depending on different locations and markets.
Polysaccharides in fungi. XXVI. Two branched (1.RAR.3)-.BETA.-D-glucans from hot water extract of Yu er. (1991)

Two water-insoluble glucans, U-3-N ([alpha]D +1.0 degree, 0.5 M sodium hydroxide) and U-3-AP1 ([alpha]D +2.5 degrees, 1 M sodium hydroxide) were isolated from hot-water extract of the fruiting bodies of Yũ ĕr (Chinese name) (Auricularia sp.). U-3-N and U-3-AP1 were investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that U-3-N (molecular weight, 6.1 x 10(5)) was similar to beta-(1----6)-branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucan (N-5P: molecular weight, 5.6 x 10(5)) isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruiting bodies, and U-3-AP1 (molecular weight, 6.3 x 10(4)) was beta-(1----6)-branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucan containing beta-(1----6)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues. U-3-N showed potent anti-tumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180, although U-3-AP1 had little effect on the tumor.
DNA recognition by rhodium(III) polyamine intercalators: considerations of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA recognition by rhodium(III) polyamine intercalators: considerations of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactionsAchim H. Krotz, Louis Y. Kuo, Thomas P. Shields, and Jacqueline K. BartonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 3877–3882Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Behaviors and Anion Recognition of Ferrocene Modified Hyperbranched Polyether (2009)

A series of ferrocene modified hyperbranched polyethers HBPO-Fc with different ferrocene content were obtained by cation ring-opening polymerization followed by esterification. Electrochemical behaviors of HBPO-Fc were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the influence of ferrocene content of HBPO-Fc, scan rate, solvent and electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical behaviors of HBPO-Fc were discussed, and the dynamic parameters in electrode processes were calculated. Anion recognition of HBPO-Fc was studied by CV and UV−vis. The binding capacities of HBPO-Fc to different anions were compared, and the binding capacities of HBPO-Fc with different ferrocene content were also discussed. Finally, binding models of HBPO-Fc to anions were proposed.
A Cognitive Radio (CR) Testbed System Employing a Wideband Multi-Resolution Spectrum Sensing (MRSS) Technique (2006)

A cognitive radio (CR) access technique is a promising solution for the dynamic spectrum resource usage. This paper presented a CR testbed system employing a wideband multi-resolution spectrum sensing (MRSS) technique. Analog implementation of the MRSS block offers wideband, low-power, and real-time operation. The MRSS experiments were performed using the developed CR testbed system. The experiment results showed that the MRSS technique detected wideband 100-MHz spectrum in a sparse or a precise manner without any increase of hardware burden. Moreover, this MRSS technique detected a variety of sophisticated signal formats adopted in the current and emerging wireless standards - IS-95, WCDMA, GSM, EDGE, Wi-Fi (IEEE802.Ha/b/g), ATSC, DVB, etc.
Effect of benzyl-alpha-GalNAc, an inhibitor of mucin glycosylation, on cancer-associated antigens in human colon cancer cells. (1992)

Many cancer-associated antigens are present on mucin glycoproteins. These include peripheral antigens such as sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex and core region carbohydrate antigens such as T, Tn, and Sialyl Tn. We have recently described an inhibitor of mucin glycosylation, benzyl-alpha-GalNAc. The purpose of this study was to determine its effect on expression of mucin carbohydrate antigens. HM7 colon cancer cells were treated for 2 days in culture with 2 mM benzyl-alpha-GalNAc. This treatment did not affect viability or doubling time, but inhibited synthesis of [3H]glucosamine-labeled mucins. There was also secretion of benzyl-oligosaccharides and a decrease in the proportion of long oligosaccharides on 3H-labeled mucins. Mucins were purified from spent media by gel filtration and assayed for binding of monoclonal antibodies and lectins. Mucins from benzyl-alpha-GalNAc-treated cells had increased binding of peanut agglutinin (specific for T antigen, Gal beta 3GalNAc) and Vicia villosa agglutinin B4 (specific for Tn antigen, GalNAc alpha-Thr/Ser), but decreased binding of monoclonal antibodies 19-9, SNH3, and 91.9H (specific for sialyl Lea, sialyl Lex, and sulfomucin, respectively). Treatment of the cells with benzyl-alpha-GalNAc also decreased their binding to E-selectin (ELAM-1), which recognizes sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex. Thus, benzyl-alpha-GalNAc treatment, which decreases the level of peripheral carbohydrate carbohydrate antigens on mucins with accumulation of core region antigens, may be useful in modifying the immunological and biological properties of colon cancer cells.
122 Microvascular Dressing for Burn Applications (2004)

Vascular structures are a ubiquitous element of living tissues that allow for efficient mass transfer with the bulk of the tissue. Reasons for the vascularization of tissue include: 1) efficiency of transport over large distances (>1 mm) by convection, 2) spatial control of delivery and evacuation of solute from the tissues, and 3) centralization of the influx and efflux from the tissue; this centralization allows for temporal control and monitoring to be performed. Many of these characteristics would also be valuable in synthetic materials designed for interaction with biological systems. We will present the design and fabrication of a wound dressing that incorporates microvasculature in the form of embedded microchannels. As in living systems, the basic principle behind our design is that active convection is used to carry solute over large distances, while diffusion acts over smaller distances. We will describe the microfabrication procedure, based on soft‐lithographic techniques, used to fabricate the microvascular dressing. We will also discuss the design parameters which are important for the optimization of mass transfer and a model of the system will be presented. We will report on the physical characterization of the system, with respect to the mass transport properties. Finally, we will discuss initial considerations about the use of these structures as wound dressings.
Self-Aligned AlGaN/GaN FinFETs (2017)

We have demonstrated highly scaled, self-aligned AlGaN/GaN fin-shaped field-effect transistors (FinFETs), which were fabricated using e-beam lithography and a regrown n+ GaN ohmic process with a sacrificial dummy gate. Our devices were very aggressively scaled, with fin widths, gate length, and source drain spacing as small as 50,60, and 200 nm, respectively.DC characteristics, when normalized to active device periphery (number of fins times fin width), showed peak transconductance of 1.5 mS/μm and ON resistance of 390 Ω-μm. Enhancement mode device operation was observed for fin widths below 100 nm.
Simultaneous Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of mRNA and rRNA in Environmental Bacteria (2004)

We developed for Bacteria in environmental samples a sensitive and reliable mRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol that allows for simultaneous cell identification by rRNA FISH. Samples were carbethoxylated with diethylpyrocarbonate to inactivate intracellular RNases and pretreated with lysozyme and/or proteinase K at different concentrations. Optimizing the permeabilization of each type of sample proved to be a critical step in avoiding false-negative or false-positive results. The quality of probes as well as a stringent hybridization temperature were determined with expression clones. To increase the sensitivity of mRNA FISH, long ribonucleotide probes were labeled at a high density with cis-platinum-linked digoxigenin (DIG). The hybrid was immunocytochemically detected with an anti-DIG antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Subsequently, the hybridization signal was amplified by catalyzed reporter deposition with fluorochrome-labeled tyramides. p-Iodophenylboronic acid and high concentrations of NaCl substantially enhanced the deposition of tyramides and thus increased the sensitivity of our approach. After inactivation of the antibody-delivered HRP, rRNA FISH was performed by following routine protocols. To show the broad applicability of our approach, mRNA of a key enzyme of aerobic methane oxidation, particulate methane monooxygenase (subunit A), was hybridized with different types of samples: pure cultures, symbionts of a hydrothermal vent bivalve, and even sediment, one of the most difficult sample types with which to perform successful FISH. By simultaneous mRNA FISH and rRNA FISH, single cells are identified and shown to express a particular gene. Our protocol is transferable to many different types of samples with the need for only minor modifications of fixation and permeabilization procedures.
Using an Eye-Tracking System to Improve Camera Motions and Depth-of-Field Blur Effects in Virtual Environments (2008)

This paper describes the use of user's focus point to improve some visual effects in virtual environments (VE). First, we describe how to retrieve user's focus point in the 3D VE using an eye-tracking system. Then, we propose the adaptation of two rendering techniques which aim at improving users' sensations during first-person navigation in VE using his/her focus point: (1) a camera motion which simulates eyes movement when walking, i.e., corresponding to vestibulo-ocular and vestibulocollic reflexes when the eyes compensate body and head movements in order to maintain gaze on a specific target, and (2) a depth-of-field (DoF) blur effect which simulates the fact that humans perceive sharp objects only within some range of distances around the focal distance. Second, we describe the results of an experiment conducted to study users' subjective preferences concerning these visual effects during first-person navigation in VE. It showed that participants globally preferred the use of these effects when they are dynamically adapted to the focus point in the VE. Taken together, our results suggest that the use of visual effects exploiting users' focus point could be used in several VR applications involving first- person navigation such as the visit of architectural site, training simulations, video games, etc.
Intra prediction mode coding for scalable HEVC (2013)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard introduced an increased number of intra prediction directions in order to improve intra prediction performance by efficiently modeling the directional structures found in typical video contents. Efficient coding of intra prediction mode information is realized through a Most Probable Mode (MPM) list approach. In a scalable system, due to high correlation between the layers, utilization of base layer intra prediction mode can improve coding performance. In this paper, we propose a new intra prediction mode coding algorithm for scalable extension of HEVC where only the difference between the intra prediction modes of base and enhancement layers is coded. We provide experimental results and also a comparison of the proposed algorithm with an MPM list based approach where base layer intra prediction mode is added to the list as the most probable mode. Experimental results show BD-rate gains up to 1.1% in 2x spatial scalability and 0.7% in 1.5x scalability for all intra configuration.
Cyclosporine vs Tacrolimus Therapy for Posterior and Intermediate Uveitis (2005)

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine were similar with regard to efficacy for posterior segment intraocular inflammation, but the results suggested a more favorable safety profile for tacrolimus therapy.
An Experimental Study of the Matrix-fracture Interaction During Miscible Displacement in Fractured Porous Media: A Micromodel Study (2013)

During miscible displacements in fractured porous media, one of the most important factors that plays a significant role in oil production is the matrix-fracture interaction. In this work, a series of hydrocarbon injection experiments have been performed on a fractured glass micromodel that was designed specifically to study matrix-fracture interaction. A high quality image analysis method was used to determine the fluid flow behavior, solvent front movement, and viscous fingering associated with solvent movement in matrix and fractures. Observations showed that in the case of unit viscosity ratio, the injection rate increased the slope of recovery curve and consequently improved the final oil recovery. However, when using a viscosity ratio of 65, the injection rate increased the oil recovery at earlier times due to the breakthrough and fracture drainage. At later times, diffusion and dispersion became dominant and oil recovery decreased. Studying the effect of molecular diffusion revealed that by using an optimum solvent the oil recovery at both early and late times increased. Fingering phenomena appeared in the matrix as fingers and in the matrix as channeling, which drained fracture in early times of the process. In higher viscosity ratios, dispersion dominantly takes place in an upward direction, however, in the lower viscosity ratio the effect of fracture in flooding decreased and dispersion takes place in a left-to-right direction. It can be concluded that during miscible displacement in fractured porous media dispersion in fracture is directly proportional to viscosity ratio while dispersion in matrix is inversely proportional to it. The results of this work are helpful in understanding the matrix-fracture interaction, the effect of injection rate, molecular diffusion, and viscous fingering behavior, which are crucial for accurate prediction of oil recovery in fractured reservoirs during miscible displacements.
Direct Writing Patterns for Electroless Plated Copper Thin Film on Plastic Substrates (2012)

A simple and efficient method is developed to create conductive copper thin films on polymer surfaces. Instead of regular palladium colloid inks, micropatterns of silver nitrate inks, which serve as an activating agent for copper plating, were printed and dried on flexible plastic substrates. The printed plastic sheets were then immersed in an electroless copper plating bath at 55 °C for 2 min to create copper thin films on the printed patterns. The prepared copper films have an electrical conductivity as high as 83% of bulk copper and show good adhesion on PET or PI substrates.
Detergents (2001)

Surfactants are amphiphile molecules. They can be anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric. They are among the main ingredients encountered in detergents and personal care products. They have to meet increasingly more stringent requirements of biodegradability and come from renewable raw materials. Anionic surfactants, particularly alkylbenzene sulfonates, are, at the present time, the most widely used surfactants in detergents and personal care products. Among the nonionics, those with ethyle oxide groups are the most common and those coming from entirely renewable raw materials, such as alkyl polyglucosides (APG), are expected to play an important role in the future
Signal filtering technique to remove Doppler clutter caused by wind turbines (2012)

Abstract We construct a physics‐based basis to model the radar backscattering from a wind turbine. This basis is used in conjunction with the matching pursuit algorithm to iteratively remove the Doppler clutter due to wind turbines. The algorithm is tested using radar return generated using the high‐frequency electromagnetic simulation code Ahilo. It is shown that the presence of multiple turbines overwhelms the return from a weak moving target. However, the target is revealed once the filtering algorithm is applied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1455–1460, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26819
An Efficient Downlink Radio Resource Allocation with Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced Networks (2014)

In long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) networks, the carrier aggregation technique is incorporated for user equipments (UEs) to simultaneously aggregate multiple component carriers (CCs) for achieving higher transmission rate. Many research works for LTE-A systems with carrier aggregation configuration have concentrated on the radio resource management problem for downlink transmission, including mainly CC assignment and packet scheduling. Most previous studies have not considered that the assigned CCs in each UE can be changed. Furthermore, they also have not considered the modulation and coding scheme constraint, as specified in LTE-A standards. Therefore, their proposed schemes may limit the radio resource usage and are not compatible with LTE-A systems. In this paper, we assume that the scheduler can reassign CCs to each UE at each transmission time interval and formulate the downlink radio resource scheduling problem under the modulation and coding scheme constraint, which is proved to be NP-hard. Then, a novel greedy-based scheme is proposed to maximize the system throughput while maintaining proportional fairness of radio resource allocation among all UEs. We show that this scheme can guarantee at least half of the performance of the optimal solution. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the schemes in previous studies.
Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies for the Detection of Volatile Biomarker Metabolites in the Human Breath (2015)

Recent advancements in the use of electronic-nose (e-nose) devices to analyze human breath profiles for the presence of specific volatile metabolites, known as biomarkers or chemical bio-indicators of specific human diseases, metabolic disorders and the overall health status of individuals, are providing the potential for new noninvasive tools and techniques useful to point-of-care clinical disease diagnoses. This exciting new area of electronic disease detection and diagnosis promises to yield much faster and earlier detection of human diseases and disorders, allowing earlier, more effective treatments, resulting in more rapid patient recovery from various afflictions. E-nose devices are particularly suited for the field of disease diagnostics, because they are sensitive to a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can effectively distinguish between different complex gaseous mixtures via analysis of electronic aroma sensor-array output profiles of volatile metabolites present in the human breath. This review provides a summary of some recent developments of electronic-nose technologies, particularly involving breath analysis, with the potential for providing many new diagnostic applications for the detection of specific human diseases associated with different organs in the body, detectable from e-nose analyses of aberrant disease-associated VOCs present in air expired from the lungs.