gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Visual Features for Lipreading (2009)

For automatic lipreading, there are many competing methods for feature extraction. Often, because of the complexity of the task these methods are tested on only quite restricted datasets, such as the letters of the alphabet or digits, and from only a few speak-ers. In this paper we compare some of the leading methods for lip feature extraction and compare them on the GRID dataset which uses a constrained vocabulary over, in this case, 15 speakers. Pre-viously the GRID data has had restricted attention because of the requirements to track the face and lips accurately. We overcome this via the use of a novel linear predictor (LP) tracker which we use to control an Active Appearance Model (AAM). By ignoring shape and/or appearance parameters from the AAMwe can quantify the effect of appearance and/or shape when lip-reading. We find that shape alone is a useful cue for lip-reading (which is consistent with human experiments). However, the incremental effect of shape on appearance appears to be not significant which implies that the inner appearance of the mouth contains more information than the shape. Index Terms: lip-reading, feature extraction, feature comparison, tracking
Application of the Autosynchronized Oscillator to Frequency Demodulation (1937)

A new frequency-operated demodulator is described which does not respond to amplitude modulation. These results are achieved by making use of a controlled oscillator at the receiver which automatically synchronizes with the transmitter frequency. If desired, this method can be made to give a large response with extremely small amounts of frequency shift. On the other hand, it can also be used when the maximum frequency shift is many times as great as the signal band width. Other advantages are its linear response and its simplicity which requires the addition of only one tube to existing receivers. Tests show that a frequency-modulated signal and an amplitude-modulated signal may be applied simultaneously to the same carrier without noticeable interference at the receiver. Other applications of the synchronized oscillator are also described.
<scp>L</scp>-Alanine hydrochloride monohydrate (2008)

Colorless crystals of l-alanine hydrochloride monohydrate, C(3)H(8)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, were obtained from a powder sample that had been left standing in a refrigerator for a few years. The structure displays several inter-molecular hydrogen bonds: the hydroxyl O atom is involved in a single hydrogen bond to the chloride anion, while the ammonium group forms one hydrogen bond to the chloride anion and two hydrogen bonds to water mol-ecules. An intermolecular bond between the carbonyl O atom and the ammonium group [2.8459 (15) Å] is also found.
Nanoscale assembly of high-temperature oxidation-resistant nanocomposites (2009)

Structural considerations for designing a high-temperature oxidation-resistant metallic material are proposed, based on the dependence of the material structure on a promotion of the development of a protective scale of chromia or alumina. The material should have numerous sites on its surface for nucleating the protective oxides at the onset of oxidation and abundant grain boundaries in deeper areas for simultaneously supplying sufficient flux of the protective-oxide-forming elements toward the surface for a rapid linkage of the oxide nuclei through their lateral growth. Based on these considerations, we fabricated, using an electrochemical deposition method, novel nanocomposites which have a nanocrystalline metal matrix containing Cr and/or Al nanoparticles dispersed at the nano length scale. The validity of the design considerations is verified by comparing the high-temperature oxidation of a typical Ni-Cr nanocomposite system with two types of conventional Ni-Cr materials having similar or higher Cr content but different structure: one is a composite having a nanocrystalline Ni matrix containing Cr microparticles dispersed at the microscale and the other are micron-grained Ni-Cr alloys with the Cr distribution at the atomic length scale.
Two distinct gene expression signatures in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia with MLL rearrangements. (2003)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with 11q23 translocations is usually associated with MLL gene rearrangement, but little is known about its leukemogenesis. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of pediatric ALL samples according to their translocations. Using oligonucleotide microarray analysis, we identified distinct expression profiles for 23 ALL samples with 11q23 translocations, including t(4;11) (n = 15), t(11;19) (n = 6), and t(5;11) (n = 2), compared with 9 ALL samples with other translocations, including t(12;21) (n = 6) and t(1;19) (n = 3). Gene expression scores of FLT3, MeisI, and CD44 for samples with MLL rearrangements were particularly high compared with those for other ALL samples. Statistical analysis of the gene expression profiles for the 21 ALL samples with MLL rearrangements at diagnosis revealed two subgroups that exclusively correlated with prognosis but not with any other clinico-pathological factor. The transcription factors CBF2 and CDP were highly expressed in the poor and good prognosis subgroups, respectively. In addition, their downstream target genes were differentially expressed. These findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms of leukemogenesis and prognosis for pediatric ALL with MLL rearrangements.
Histochemical and Fluorometric Assays for <I>uidA</I> (GUS) Gene Detection (2004)

Transgenic plant production has been intimately connected to the beta-glucuronidase (uidA or GUS) gene used as a reporter marker gene. The enzyme stability and the high sensitivity and amenability of the GUS assay to qualitative (histochemical assay) and to quantitative (fluorometric or spectrophotometric assay) detection are some of the reasons that explain the extensive use of uidA gene in plant genetic transformation. Methods for uidA gene detection have been thoroughly described in the literature. The aim of this chapter is to describe the basic protocols needed for GUS detection in a plant genetic transformation laboratory.
Ultrastructure of Glandular Trichomes of Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Xanthi (1978)

Electron microscopy confirms previous light microscope observations that tobacco leaf trichomes are glandular and that there are two different types. Both the tall trichome (multicellular stalk, unicellular or multicellular head) and the short trichome (unicellular stalk; multicellular head) exhibit characteristics common to gland cells—a dense cytoplasm, numerous mitochondria, and little vacuolation. The tall trichome contains structurally well developed chloroplasts and an elaborate network of endoplasmic reticulum. The short trichome contains undifferentiated plastids and endoplasmic reticulum which parallels the nucleus and plasmalemma. Few dictyosomes are seen either in the short trichome or in the tall trichome. The short trichome appears to undergo structural changes concurrently with the appearance of secretory product within the cells. The most noticeable change is the formation of the extraplasmic space between the cell wall and the plasmalemma. Electron dense secretory product is observed between the plasmalemma and the cell wall and within the intercellular spaces.
The role of didanosine in the management of HIV-1 infection. (1997)

Large-scale clinical end point studies comparing antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine alone, didanosine alone, and zidovudine combined with didanosine indicate that both didanosine alone and zidovudine/didanosine provide a better clinical outcome than zidovudine alone in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The superiority of combination didanosine/zidovudine therapy over zidovudine monotherapy was most significant in treatment-naive patients, but benefit was also seen in patients who had previously received zidovudine and also in all stages of disease. Activity marker data from other studies suggest that double or triple combination therapies that include didanosine and nucleoside analogues other than zidovudine, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors result in powerful suppression of viral replication that will provide additional clinical benefits. Apart from mostly mild gastrointestinal disturbances, didanosine alone and in various combination therapies has been generally well tolerated. Thus, didanosine represents a potent, versatile nucleoside analogue with potential benefits in both current and future antiretroviral regimens for HIV infection.
Power system analysis (1999)

This text is intended for undergraduates studying power system analysis and design. It gives an introduction to fundamental concepts and modern topics with applications to real-world problems. This is the first text in this area to fully integrate MATLAB and SIMULINK throughout. It also provides students with an author-developed POWER TOOLBOX DISK organized to perform analyses and explore power system design issues with ease.
Antigen-stimulated human B cell clones are committed to the production of a single class of antibody <i>in vitro</i>. (1984)

We have investigated the isotype(s) of antibody produced in vitro by antigen-stimulated human B cell clones. An analysis of the class(es) of antibody produced in multiple replicate cultures containing a mean of less than one precursor B cell per well was consistent with the hypothesis that individual B cell precursors produced a single class of antibody. This result was obtained by using cells isolated from either the peripheral blood or tonsils. Thus, under the culture conditions utilized, no intraclonal isotype switching was detected.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic negative schizophrenia: a pilot study (1999)

Localisation of voxels in which cerebral glucose metabolism was impaired during vegetative state (in yellow) and after recovery to consciousness (in blue), compared with the control population. SPM{Z} threshold was set at voxel level corrected p<0.05 and projected on the patient's coregistered MRI, normalised to the stereotaxic space of Talairach.
Effective Data Management for VLSI Design (1985)

The need for good data management in a VLSI design system is becoming increasingly important as designs become more complex and as the number of different aspects of a cell which the design system handles increases. Neither standard tree-structured file-systems nor commercially available database management systems are adequate. The VTI chip manager uses a different data model more appropriate for CAD, allowing both easy sharing of parts of a design whilst insulating users from tentative changes being made by others. It is designed to be implementable on a wide range of real-world file-systems.
The Layout Synthesizer: An Automatic Block Generation System (1992)

This paper describes a recently introduced commercial product called the Layout Synthesizer (LAS), which generates CMOS transistor-level layout from netlists without requiring library leaf-cells. LAS can generate blocks with different aspect ratios and pin locations. Comparisons with industry examples show consistently better density than standard cell approach and comparable density with manual designs. Custom blocks of 2,000 transistors can be generated in less than 30 CPU minutes. nth row I ground
RawNet: Advanced end-to-end deep neural network using raw waveforms for text-independent speaker verification (2019)

Recently, direct modeling of raw waveforms using deep neural networks has been widely studied for a number of tasks in audio domains. In speaker verification, however, utilization of raw waveforms is in its preliminary phase, requiring further investigation. In this study, we explore end-to-end deep neural networks that input raw waveforms to improve various aspects: front-end speaker embedding extraction including model architecture, pre-training scheme, additional objective functions, and back-end classification. Adjustment of model architecture using a pre-training scheme can extract speaker embeddings, giving a significant improvement in performance. Additional objective functions simplify the process of extracting speaker embeddings by merging conventional two-phase processes: extracting utterance-level features such as i-vectors or x-vectors and the feature enhancement phase, e.g., linear discriminant analysis. Effective back-end classification models that suit the proposed speaker embedding are also explored. We propose an end-to-end system that comprises two deep neural networks, one front-end for utterance-level speaker embedding extraction and the other for back-end classification. Experiments conducted on the VoxCeleb1 dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance among systems without data augmentation. The proposed system is also comparable to the state-of-the-art x-vector system that adopts data augmentation.
Effect of cerulenin on the growth and differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum (1976)

The growth of Dictyostelium discoideum Ax-2 was inhibited completely by cerulenin at a concentration of 5 mug/ml. This inhibition of growth was found to be due to the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Acetate incorporation into a long-chain fatty acid was inhibited completely by cerulenin, and the growth inhibition could be reversed by inclusion of certain saturated fatty acids in the medium. Unsaturated fatty acids and sterols failed to reverse the inhibitory effect. The fatty acid and sterol compositions of cerulenin-treated cells were determined to establish whether the drug could be used to manipulate the organism's lipid composition. Only relatively small manipulations were obtained under the conditions employed in this study. Cerulenin inhibited differentiation but only at high concentrations (150 mug/ml). This inhibition could be reversed by palmitic acid, suggesting that the prime cause of the inhibition was an inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Thus, it appears that continued fatty acid synthesis is required for the cellular process of differentiation in D. discoideum.
<title>Proposed electro-optic package with bidirectional lensed coupling</title> (1991)

Optical packages with multiple optical I/Os and without optical pigtails or conventional connectors are proposed. These conceptual packages are of a hybrid PGA style with LSI chips and arrays of optical sources and detectors. A central theme is the use of only moderate extensions of current single chip and PWB packaging technologies. The light coupling between devices and waveguides is to be achieved using an array of lenses and/or microprisms. The feasibility of such a package is discussed from engineering manufacturing and repairability viewpoints.
Post Detection Integration for Ultra-Wideband Systems with Binary Orthogonal Signaling (2006)

In this paper, an iterative non-coherent post detection integration (PDI) scheme is analyzed for binary orthogonal signaling which is a suitable approach for simple detection in ultra-wideband systems with slowly fading channel characteristics. Unlike in the coherent case relying on first-order channel characteristics, the PDI operation depends exclusively on second-order moments such as the power-delay profile and the thermal noise power spectral density. We derive analytic and numeric expressions for the uncoded bit-error rate in Gaussian delay-dispersive fading channels and discuss the performance for different values of system parameters. It turns out that in a typical indoor environment, the PDI exhibits a 6 dB loss in signal-to-noise ratio as compared to the optimum coherent detection with perfect channel knowledge.
Entry and Fusion Inhibitors: an Update (2002)

radication of hiv has not been possible with currently available reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors; and multiclass drug-resistant mutants of hiv—along with a multitude of disabling and sometimes life-threatening side effects—are a growing threat. Thus, there is a great need for compounds that target non-protease and reverse transcriptase elements of the hiv lifecycle. Not only might such novel therapies increase the potency of initial hiv treatment, but they may also provide hope for patients who have exhausted current treatment options. This article, based on prn lectures delivered by Drs. Joseph Eron and Christine Hogan in January 2002, reviews one of the most promising areas of hiv drug development: inhibitors of hiv fusion and entry. As reviewed by both investigators, two fusion inhibitors targeting hiv’s gp41 envelope protein (T-20 and T-1249) continue to advance through clinical trials and have both received fast-track designations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. As for other entry inhibitors targeting cellular proteins in the earlier stages of development (e.g., inhibitors of CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4), Drs. Eron and Hogan noted some of the advances and setbacks that have occurred over the past few years.
Studies on radiation effects of PTFE. II. Radiation–induced structural changes and the temperature effect (1990)

Abstract In this work PTFE sheets irradiated with γ rays at 150°C and 200°C were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main structural changes in PTFE due to radiation are the formation of CF3 and CF groups. An irradiation temperature dependence of the relative content of the three kinds of groups in irradiated PTFE was observed. The CF3 groups, especially when irradiation is carried out a lower temperatures, can defluorinate in the same manner as previosly reported for CF2 groups. The CF groups, on the other hand, are observed to increase with increasing írradiation dose and irradiation temperature; the latter was explained as due to an increase in branching structures.
Crowd Map: Accurate Reconstruction of Indoor Floor Plans from Crowdsourced Sensor-Rich Videos (2015)

Lack of an accurate and low-cost method to reconstruct indoor maps is the main reason behind the current sporadic availability of digital building floor plans. The conventional approach using professional equipment is very costly and only available in the most popular areas. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate CrowdMap, a crowd sourcing system utilizing sensor-rich video data from mobile users for indoor floor plan reconstruction with low-cost. The key idea of CrowdMap is to first jointly leverage crowd sourced sensory and video data to track user movements, then use the inferred user motion traces and context of the image to produce an accurate floor plan. In particular, we exploit the sequential relationship between each consecutive frame abstracted from the video to improve system performance. Our experiments in three college buildings show that CrowdMap achieves a precision of hallway shape around 88%, a recall around 93% and a F-measure around 90%. In addition, we achieve on average 9.8% room area error and on average 6.5% room aspect ratio error. The evaluation result demonstrates a significant improvement of accuracy compared with other crowd sourcing floor plan reconstruction systems.
A process for high-speed digital-analog LSI (1970)

A monolithic compatible process has evolved from a development of an LSI parallel correlator for the Naval Electronic System Command. This circuit includes over 12,000 devices operating in both a digital and an analog mode. Digital propogation delays of less than 10 µsec and analog inaccuracies of less than 5% over the -55°C to +125°C range established the device processing guidelines.
Immediate Activation Fails To Rescue Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Quiescent CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2007)

ABSTRACT Unlike activated T cells, quiescent CD4 + T cells have shown resistance to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to a block in the early events of the viral life cycle. To further investigate the nature of this block, we infected quiescent CD4 + T cells with HIV-1 NL4-3 and immediately stimulated them. Compared to activated (prestimulated) cells, these poststimulated cells showed slightly decreased viral entry and delays in the completion of reverse transcription. However, the relative efficiency of integration was similar to that of prestimulated cells. Together, this resulted in decreased expression of tat / rev mRNA and synthesis of viral protein. Furthermore, based on cell cycle staining and BrdU incorporation, poststimulated cells expressing viral protein failed to initiate a second round of their cell cycle, independently of Vpr-mediated arrest. Together, these data demonstrate that the early stages of the HIV life cycle are inefficient in these poststimulated cells and that efficient replication cannot be induced by subsequent activation.
Centro Portland, en Oregón (1962)

Este espectacular edificio ofrece una particularidad interesante dentro de las construcciones deportivas: a través del gigantesco prisma envolvente, se transparenta el «cuenco» del terreno de juego y los graderíos, a la vez que desde las gradas más altas, y gracias al anillo ondulante de remate del mismo, puede verse el luminoso panorama circundante.
简报：一个关于北京2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍情况的流行病学调查 (2006)

目的：本调查旨在调查北京地区2～12岁儿童的睡眠障碍情况。方法：自2001年10月至2002年6月期间，随机选择的北京6个区县的5979名2～12岁儿童接受了问卷调查。结果：平均每天总睡眠时间从2岁儿童的11．38h降低至12岁儿童的9．34h。总的睡眠障碍的发病率为21．2％，包括了深眠状态（夜间磨牙6．5％、说梦话4．9％、遗尿1．0％、梦游0．6％、不安静睡眠5．0％和蹬腿1．9％）和睡眠障碍性呼吸症状（频繁打鼾5．6％、口式呼吸4．1％、气哽／气喘0．9％和呼吸暂停0．2％）。结论：虽然某些具体的症状表现有些不同，但是，北京地区由父母报告的大样本量儿童的睡眠障碍的发病率与其他国家所报告的情况相似。
The role of Al on Ohmic contact formation on n-type GaN and AlGaN∕GaN (2005)

A standard metallization scheme for the formation of Ohmic contacts on n-type GaN does exist. It has the following multilayer structure: Ti∕Al∕metal∕Au. Ti is known to extract N out of the GaN. This leaves a high density of N vacancies (donors) near the interface pinning the Fermi level. The created tunnel junction is responsible for an Ohmic contact behavior. Au is deposited as the final metal layer to exclude oxidation of the contact and the metal should limit the diffusion of Au into the layers below and vice versa. Al in the metallization scheme is known to improve the contact resistance, but the reason why has not been reported yet. We studied Ti and Ti∕Al contacts on GaN and AlGaN∕GaN as a function of annealing temperature by transmission electron microscopy. The role of Al in the metal multilayer, and of Al in the AlGaN on the Ohmic contact formation, has been determined. The latter result indicates that the standard metallization scheme for GaN cannot be simply transferred to AlGaN∕GaN structures.
Studies on 2-Aziridinecarboxylic Acid. VI. Synthesis of β-Alkoxy-α-Amino Acids <i>via</i> Ring-opening Reaction of Aziridine (1982)

Abstract The reaction of aziridine derivatives having a urethane-type protecting group with several alcohols in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate afford the corresponding optically pure O-alkylserine and O-alkylthreonine derivatives via a ring-opening reaction of aziridine in good yield.