gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curvilinear component analysis: a self-organizing neural network for nonlinear mapping of data sets (1997)

We present a new strategy called "curvilinear component analysis" (CCA) for dimensionality reduction and representation of multidimensional data sets. The principle of CCA is a self-organized neural network performing two tasks: vector quantization (VQ) of the submanifold in the data set (input space); and nonlinear projection (P) of these quantizing vectors toward an output space, providing a revealing unfolding of the submanifold. After learning, the network has the ability to continuously map any new point from one space into another: forward mapping of new points in the input space, or backward mapping of an arbitrary position in the output space.
Robot planning and control via potential functions (1989)

There mingle in the contemporary field of robotics a great many disparate currents of thought from a large variety of disciplines. Nevertheless, a largely unspoken understanding seems to prevail in the field to the effect that certain topics are conceptually distinct. In general, methods of task planning are held to be unrelated to methods of control. The former belong to the realm of geometry and logic whereas the latter inhabit the earthier domain of engineering analysis; geometry is usually associated with off-line computation whereas everyone knows that control must be accomplished in real-time; the one is a “high level” activity whereas the other is at a “low level”. This article concerns one circle of ideas that, in contrast, intrinsically binds action and intention together in the description of the robot’s task. From the perspective of task planning, this point of view seeks to represent abstract goals via a geometric formalism which is guaranteed to furnish a correct control law as well. From the perspective of control theory, the methodology substitutes reference dynamical systems for reference trajectories. From the point of view of computation, less is required off-line, while more is demanded of the real-time controller. From the historical perspective, these techniques represent the effort of engineers to avail themselves of natural physical phenomena in the synthesis of unnatural machines.\nFor more information: Kod*Lab
SETTING FINANCIAL TONES (2012)

China’s financial industry focuses on serving the real economy The painful meltdown of Wall Street’s virtual economy has taught China a valuable lesson: Overexpansion of the virtual economy can have serious consequences. At the fourth National Financial Work Conference on January 6-7,
The Marketing Researcher as a Decision Maker: Myth or Reality? (1975)

A steady growth in the number of marketing research departments: over half of 1,121 respondent companies have such departments. An acceleration in the establishment of new marketing research departments in industrial products companies: 59%, compared with 70% of consumer products companies. An upward shift in the corporate reporting structure: approximately 40% of marketing research directors were found to be directly accountable to top management.1
Structure-function relations in glucagon. Properties of highly purified Des-his1-, monoiodo-, and [Des-Asn<sup>28</sup>,Thr<sup>29</sup>](homoserine lactone<sup>27</sup>)-glucagon (1975)

We have compared the ability of glucagon and three highly purified derivatives of the hormone to activate hepatic adenylate cyclase (an expression of biological activity of the hormone) and to compete with [125]glucagon for binding to sites specific for glucagon in hepatic plasma membranes. Relative to that of glucagon, biological activity and affinity of [des-Asn-28,Thr-29](homoserine lactone-27)-glucagon, prepared by CNBr treatment of glucagon, were reduced equally by 40- to 50-fold. By contrast, des-His-1-glucagon, prepared by an insoluble Edman reagent and highly purified (less than 0.5% contamination with native glucagon), displayed a 15-fold decrease in affinity but a 50-fold decrease in biological activity relative to that of the native hormone. At maximal stimulating concentrations, des-His-1-glucagon yielded 70% of the activity given by saturating concentrations of glucagon. Thus, des-His-1-glucagon can be classified as a partial weak agonist. Highly purified monoiodoglucagon and native glucagon displayed identical biological activity and affinity for the binding sites. Our findings suggest that the hydrophilic residues at the terminus of the carboxy region of glucagon are involved in the process of recognition at the glucagon receptor but do not participate in the sequence of events leading to activation of adenylate cyclase. The amino-terminal histidyl residue in glucagon plays an important but not obligatory role in the expression of hormone action and contributes to a significant extent in the recognition process.
Current Mode Control Integrated Circuit with High Accuracy Current Sensing Circuit for Buck Converter (2007)

A current mode control integrated circuit with accuracy current sensing circuit ( CSC ) for buck converter is presented in this the proposed accurate integrated current sensed inductor with the internal ramp be used for DC-DC converter feedback proposed CSC doesn't need an op amp to implement, and has been fabricated with a standard 0.35 mum CMOS process. Simulation result show that the switching converter can be operated up to 1 MHZ. The supply is suitable for signal cell lithium-ion battery supply power efficiency is over 85% for supply voltage from 2.5 V to 5 V and output current is 200 mA. The performance of the proposed circuit is the good compared to the other circuits.
Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Clonal Types in the Czech Republic (1999)

Molecular surveillance studies have documented the extensive spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones. Studies carried out by Centro de Epidemiologia Molecular-Network for Tracking Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria (CEM/NET) led to the identification of two international multidrug-resistant strains, which were designated as the Iberian and Brazilian MRSA clones and which were defined by multiple genomic typing methods; these included ClaI restriction digests hybridized with mecA- and Tn554-specific DNA probes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The genotypic characteristics of these clones are distinct: the Iberian clone is defined as mecA type I, Tn554 type E (or its variants), and PFGE pattern A (I:E:A), whereas the Brazilian clone is defined as mecA type XI (or its variants), Tn554 type B, and PFGE pattern B (XI:B:B). In this study, we characterized 59 single-patient isolates of MRSA collected during 1996 and 1997 at seven hospitals located in Prague and five other cities in the Czech Republic by using the methodologies mentioned above and by using ribotyping of EcoRI and HindIII digests hybridized with a 16S-23S DNA probe. The Brazilian MRSA clone (XI:B:B) was the major clone (80%) spread in two hospitals located in Prague and one located in Brno; the Iberian MRSA clone (I:E:A or its variant I:DD:A), although less representative (12%), was detected in two hospitals, one in Prague and the other in Plzen. Almost all the strains belonging to clone XI:B:B (45 of 47) corresponded to a unique ribotype, E1H1, whereas most strains of the I:E:A and I:DD:A clonal types (6 of 7) corresponded to ribotype E2H2.
Über die Kompression von feuchtem Pulver fester Körper und die Formbildung der Gesteine (1888)

Article Über die Kompression von feuchtem Pulver fester Körper und die Formbildung der Gesteine was published on January 1, 1888 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 2U, issue 1).
Asynchronous Control Arrays (1974)

This paper introduces a class of programmable cellular arrays, called control arrays, and presents a technique for programming these arrays to realize asynchronous control systems. Control arrays are two-dimensional uniform networks composed of a collection of identical cells that can be independently programmed to one of two internal states. A control system is a device that controls one or more operations by means of initiation and termination signals that are transmitted through bidirectional control links. A control system model is developed by augmenting the marked graph model in order to represent constraints on the generation of these control signals. Finally, an array synthesis procedure for realizing control systems with control arrays is presented.
Building the IBM Containers cloud service (2016)

Linux® containers have been employed for operating system-level virtualization since around 2008, but only recently they have started to gain tremendous popularity, fueled by open source projects such as Warden and Docker. Initially, container technologies have been used mainly for stateless web applications in platform-as-a-service (PaaS) clouds, but as the technology matures, they are being used for a larger variety of cloud workloads that are typically run on infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds. For this reason, we developed the IBM Containers service, a cloud service that allows multiple developers to compose, deploy, and manage the lifecycle of complex application topologies with security and isolation on a shared infrastructure. The service provides developers with features of a PaaS cloud and flexibility of an IaaS cloud. In this paper, we discuss the challenges, architecture, security considerations, and capabilities of the service.
On Clustering Binary Data (2005)

Clustering is the problem of identifying the distribution of patterns and intrinsic correlations in large data sets by partitioning the data points into similarity classes. This paper studies the problem of clustering binary data. This is the case for market basket datasets where the transactions contain items and for document datasets where the documents contain “bag of words”. The contribution of the paper is two-fold. First a new clustering model is presented. The model treats the data and features equally, based on their symmetric association relations, and explicitly describes the data assignments as well as feature assignments. An iterative alternating least-squares procedure is used for optimization. Second, a unified view of binary data clustering is presented by examining the connections among various clustering criteria.
Diagnosis and Management of Peritoneal Metastases from Ovarian Cancer (2012)

The management and the outcome of peritoneal metastases or recurrence from epithelial ovarian cancer are presented. The biology and the diagnostic tools of EOC peritoneal metastasis with a comprehensive approach and the most recent literatures data are discussed. The definition and the role of surgery and chemotherapy are presented in order to focuse on the controversial points. Finally, the paper discusses the new data about the introduction of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Protective efficacy of the chimeric Staphylococcus aureus vaccine candidate IC in sepsis and pneumonia models (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus causes serious sepsis and necrotic pneumonia worldwide. Due to the spread of multidrug-resistant strains, developing an effective vaccine is the most promising method for combating S. aureus infection. In this study, based on the immune-dominant areas of the iron surface determinant B (IsdB) and clumping factor A (ClfA), we designed the novel chimeric vaccine IsdB151-277ClfA33-213 (IC). IC formulated with the AlPO4 adjuvant induced higher protection in an S. aureus sepsis model compared with the single components alone and showed broad immune protection against several clinical S. aureus isolates. Immunisation with IC induced strong antibody responses. The protective effect of antibodies was demonstrated through the opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) and passive immunisation experiment. Moreover, this new chimeric vaccine induced Th1/Th17-skewed cellular immune responses based on cytokine profiles and CD4(+) T cell stimulation tests. Neutralisation of IL-17A alone (but not IFN-γ) resulted in a significant decrease in vaccine immune protection. Finally, we found that IC showed protective efficacy in a pneumonia model. Taken together, these data provide evidence that IC is a potentially promising vaccine candidate for combating S. aureus sepsis and pneumonia.
Accelerating sequences in the presence of metal by exploiting the spatial distribution of off‐resonance (2014)

This work presents the feasibility of acceleration in the presence of metal by exploiting the spatial sensitivities of off-resonance bins.
Interactions of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> with soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) leaf explants in tissue culture (1986)

Wounded petiole surfaces of excised soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves of 'Peking' formed neoplastic growths testing positive for opines after inoculation with a tumorigenic strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. During the 48-h inoculation period, uninoculated explants and explants inoculated with A136 (avirulent), A208 (tumorigenic), and ASE1-200 (nontumorigenic) strains of A. tumefaciens showed initiation of mitotic activity at the wound surface conforming with classical descriptions of the wound response; however, shortly after explant transfer to tissue culture medium, morphogenetic patterns in explants inoculated with tumorigenic A. tumefaciens deviated from the uninoculated and A136 inoculated controls. This developmental deviation was correlated to the presence of the Ti plasmid in the bacterium. Explants inoculated with nontumorigenic A. tumefaciens showed a morphogenetic pattern intermediate between the controls and explants inoculated with tumorigenic bacteria. This suggests that the latter plant response might be due to a plant regulator gene found in the vir region of the Ti plasmid. Explants inoculated with tumorigenic bacteria showed decreasing efficiency of transformation if inoculations were delayed 4 h after excision and explants showed greatest thermosensitivity to transformation during the 48-h inoculation period. Reduced thermosensitivity was evident after transfer to tissue culture medium supplemented with carbenicillin. In this in vitro inoculation procedure, 'Peking' was shown to be twice as transformable as 'Corsoy 79'. This offers an opportunity to determine if there is a heritable component associated with transformation in this soybean explant system.Key words: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Glycine, transformation, wound response, tissue culture.
Genetics of Leprosy (1991)

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of man which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is mainly a disease of the skin and the peripheral nerves although, in some cases, M. leprae can be found in large numbers in other tissues. Presently, it is estimated that about 15 million people are affected by the disease, mainly in developing countries of the Third World. Clinically, a number of different forms of leprosy can be distinguished. Indeterminate leprosy is probably the earliest sign of infection. Only few, slightly hypopigmented skin plaques are seen and bacilli are detected only rarely in these lesions. Many of those affected by indeterminate leprosy resolve the infection without treatment and, like subclinically infected contacts, are considered as innately resistant to leprosy, thus defining the limits of resistance and susceptibility to clinically evident infection. Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by the presence of few, hypopigmented skin lesions involving differing degrees of anesthesia.
Design of network security early-warning system based on network defense in depth model (2013)

With the development of networks countermeasure technology, network security early-warning has become a key technology of constructing networks defense in depth architectures. Focusing on network real environment, upgrading comprehensive capacity of the network security defense, a complete set of network security early-warning control mechanism are first discussed; then, based on network defense in depth model, the design ideas, reaching goals, design principle and implementation technology of network security early-warning system are presented; and finally, from the dynamic monitoring, intrusion detection, real-time early-warning and process status tracking, the system function design and the procedure design of main function module are also given. This design model is valuable for guiding the developing practice of network security early-warning system.
Variable-Load Constant-Efficiency Power Amplifier for Mobile Communications Applications (2003)

A SiGe HBT Class-B power amplifier has been developed with a voltage-controlled variable load, for constant efficiency also at low power levels. The output matching network includes varactor diodes that can change the load impedance at the collector of the transistor. The load line can therefore be adjusted to provide a variable output power saturation level, shifting the peak of the efficiency to the desired power level. Constant efficiency over a wide output power range is obtained. This amplifier minimises power consumption for variable output power applications, as required in mobile communications systems.
Forced swimming stimulates the expression of vasopressin and oxytocin in magnocellular neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (2001)

Previous studies have shown that a 10-min forced swimming session triggers the release of both vasopressin and oxytocin into the extracellular fluid of the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) in rats. At the same time oxytocin, but not vasopressin, was released from the axon terminals into the blood. Here we combined forced swimming with in situ hybridization to investigate whether (i) the stressor-induced release of vasopressin and oxytocin within the PVN originates from parvo- or magnocellular neurons of the nucleus, and (ii) central release with or without concomitant peripheral secretion is followed by changes in the synthesis of vasopressin and/or oxytocin. Adult male Wistar rats were killed 2, 4 or 8 h after a 10-min forced swimming session and their brains processed for in situ hybridization using 35S-labelled oligonucleotide probes. As measured on photo-emulsion-coated slides, cellular vasopressin mRNA concentration increased in magnocellular PVN neurons 2 and 4 h after swimming (P < 0.05). Similarly, oxytocin mRNA concentration was significantly increased in magnocellular neurons of the PVN at 2 and 8 h (P < 0.05). We failed to observe significant effects on vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA levels in the parvocellular PVN and in the SON. Taken together with results from previous studies, our data suggest that magnocellular neurons are the predominant source of vasopressin and oxytocin released within PVN in response to forced swimming. Furthermore, in the case of vasopressin, central release in the absence of peripheral secretion is followed by increased mRNA levels, implying a refill of depleted somato-dendritic vasopressin stores. Within the SON, however, mRNA levels are poor indicators of the secretory activity of magnocellular neurons during stress.
Vespucci: a system for building annotated databases of nascent transcripts (2013)

Global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) is a recent addition to the series of high-throughput sequencing methods that enables new insights into transcriptional dynamics within a cell. However, GRO-sequencing presents new algorithmic challenges, as existing analysis platforms for ChIP-seq and RNA-seq do not address the unique problem of identifying transcriptional units de novo from short reads located all across the genome. Here, we present a novel algorithm for de novo transcript identification from GRO-sequencing data, along with a system that determines transcript regions, stores them in a relational database and associates them with known reference annotations. We use this method to analyze GRO-sequencing data from primary mouse macrophages and derive novel quantitative insights into the extent and characteristics of non-coding transcription in mammalian cells. In doing so, we demonstrate that Vespucci expands existing annotations for mRNAs and lincRNAs by defining the primary transcript beyond the polyadenylation site. In addition, Vespucci generates assemblies for un-annotated non-coding RNAs such as those transcribed from enhancer-like elements. Vespucci thereby provides a robust system for defining, storing and analyzing diverse classes of primary RNA transcripts that are of increasing biological interest.
Expression, purification and properties of multidrug efflux proteins (2000)

A general strategy is described for the amplified expression, purification and characterization in Escherichia coli of multidrug efflux proteins from Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Methanococcus janaschii and E. coli. They all catalyse drug/H+ antiport of substrates such as quinolones and ethidium and exemplify a family of putatively 12-helix membrane proteins. The gene for each protein was cloned downstream of the tac promoter in plasmid pTTQ18; an oligonucleotide encoding six histidine residues was added, in frame, to the C-terminus to facilitate purification. Growth conditions were optimized in 1–25-litre cultures of E. coli host strains to amplify the expression of each protein; the retention of activity was confirmed by assays of antibiotic resistance in vivo and/or assays of energized transport activity in vitro with synthetic substrates. Proteins were solubilized in dodecylmaltoside and purified to more than 90% homogeneity with Ni2+-nitrilo-triacetate-affinity column chromography, yielding 5–25 mg per 25 litres of original culture. All the transport proteins migrated anomalously in SDS/PAGE at apparent molecular masses below those predicted from the gene sequence; identity and integrity were therefore confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and Western blotting for the C-terminal hexahistidine tag. Examination of the secondary structure of detergent-solubilized proteins by CD or Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy following purification indicated a high content of α-helix (more than 75%). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS confirmed the high degree of purity and the true molecular mass. The formation of three-dimensional crystals is being attempted but crystals have yet to be grown that diffract X-rays. The growth of two-dimensional protein arrays has been more successful, with diffraction of electrons at low resolution. Proteins have been fused to green fluorescent protein or maltose-binding protein to facilitate these structural analyses. In addition, ligands for efflux proteins labelled with 13C or 15N have been synthesized to implement solid-state NMR studies of the ligand-binding site.
The Morphology of Three Previously Uncharacterized Human Respiratory Viruses that Grow in Organ Culture (1967)

Summary A simple method is described for examining organ cultures by electron microscopy for the presence of virus particles. The method was used to detect the presence of three hitherto uncharacterized viruses. Two of these have particles resembling those of infectious bronchitis of chickens and the third morphologically resembles the parainfluenza group of viruses.
An Optimal Data Association Problem in Surveillance Theory (1964)

This paper contains a theoretical analysis of the data association problem of a common type of surveillance system. By a method of inverse probability, the optimal data processor is obtained which permits maximum likelihood estimates to be made of the true data-surveillance object association. The maximum likelihood estimator is given in a form that lends itself to sequential computations performed in real time as the data arrives. Examples of the use of this estimator make clear the precise mathematical meaning of such terms as tentative, confirmed, and established data tracks, and the concept of search areas. The analytical technique is of general use in a variety of surveillance situations. Computer implementations are possible.