gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated SEM Offset using programmed defects (2011)

Defect inspection plays a large role in the development and manufacture of semiconductor technologies. Defects detected in today's inspections tools are generally a fraction of a micron and require SEM review to analyze and justify corrective measures. It is very important that the review SEM drives to the exact location of the defects as a FoV (Field of View) of 2 μm is necessary to provide the resolution needed for defect redetection without the inefficiencies associated with repeated `zooming' of the image. A methodology which allows quick and accurate alignment of the review SEM to the defects in the results file is presented. This methodology uses a special structure containing programmed defects. The methodology is illustrated using the challenging example of PWQ wafers.
Pocket: elastic ephemeral storage for serverless analytics (2018)

Serverless computing is becoming increasingly popular, enabling users to quickly launch thousands of short-lived tasks in the cloud with high elasticity and fine-grain billing. These properties make serverless computing appealing for interactive data analytics. However exchanging intermediate data between execution stages in an analytics job is a key challenge as direct communication between serverless tasks is difficult. The natural approach is to store such ephemeral data in a remote data store. However, existing storage systems are not designed to meet the demands of serverless applications in terms of elasticity, performance, and cost. We present Pocket, an elastic, distributed data store that automatically scales to provide applications with desired performance at low cost. Pocket dynamically rightsizes resources across multiple dimensions (CPU cores, network bandwidth, storage capacity) and leverages multiple storage technologies to minimize cost while ensuring applications are not bottlenecked on I/O. We show that Pocket achieves similar performance to ElastiCache Redis for serverless analytics applications while reducing cost by almost 60%.
A curve evolution approach to object-based tomographic reconstruction (2003)

We develop a new approach to tomographic reconstruction problems based on geometric curve evolution techniques. We use a small set of texture coefficients to represent the object and background inhomogeneities and a contour to represent the boundary of multiple connected or unconnected objects. Instead of reconstructing pixel values on a fixed rectangular grid, we then find a reconstruction by jointly estimating these unknown contours and texture coefficients of the object and background. By designing a new "tomographic flow", the resulting problem is recast into a curve evolution problem and an efficient algorithm based on level set techniques is developed. The performance of the curve evolution method is demonstrated using examples with noisy limited-view Radon transformed data and noisy ground-penetrating radar data. The reconstruction results and computational cost are compared with those of conventional, pixel-based regularization methods. The results indicate that the curve evolution methods achieve improved shape reconstruction and have potential computation and memory advantages over conventional regularized inversion methods.
Identification of structural motifs from protein coordinate data: Secondary structure and first‐level supersecondary structure* (1988)

A computer program is described that produces a description of the secondary structure and supersecondary structure of a polypeptide chain using the list of alpha carbon coordinates as input. Restricting the term "secondary structure" to the conformation of contiguous segments of the chain, the program determines the initial and final residues in helices, extended strands, sharp turns, and omega loops. This is accomplished through the use of difference distance matrices. The distances in idealized models of the segments are compared with the actual structure, and the differences are evaluated for agreement within preset limits. The program assigns 90-95% of the residues in most proteins to at least one type of secondary element. In a second step the now-defined helices and strands are idealized as straight line segments, and the axial directions and locations are compiled from the input C alpha coordinate list. These data are used to check for moderate curvature in strands and helices, and the secondary structure list is corrected where necessary. The geometric relations between these line segments are then calculated and output as the first level of supersecondary structure. A maximum of six parameters are required for a complete description of the relations between each pair. Frequently a less complete description will suffice, for example just the interaxial separation and angle. Both the secondary structure and one aspect of the supersecondary structure can be displayed in a character matrix analogous to the distance matrix format. This allows a quite accurate two-dimensional display of the three-dimensional structure, and several examples are presented. A procedure for searching for arbitrary substructures in proteins using distance matrices is also described. A search for the DNA binding helix-turn-helix motif in the Protein Data Bank serves as an example. A further abstraction of the above data can be made in the form of a metamatrix where each diagonal element represents an entire secondary segment rather than a single atom, and the off-diagonal elements contain all the parameters describing their interrelations. Such matrices can be used in a straightforward search for higher levels of supersecondary structure or used in toto as a representation of the entire tertiary structure of the polypeptide chain.
Status and Controls Requirements of the Planned Heavy Ion Tumor Therapy Accelerator Facility HICAT (2001)

The HICAT project is a Heavy Ion accelerator for light ion Cancer Treatment to be built for the clinics in Heidelberg, Germany. It consists of a 7 MeV/u linac, a compact synchrotron and three treatment places, one of them equipped with a 360 degree gantry beam-line. The facility will implement the intensity controlled raster-scanning technique that was developed and successfully demonstrated at GSI with over 100 patients at present. In order to produce the beams with the characteristics requested by the treatment sequencer, the accelerator must operate on a pulse-to-pulse basis with different settings. This concept imposes strict and challenging demands on the operation of the accelerators and hence the control system of the facility. The control system should be developed, installed and maintained by and under the complete responsibility of an industrial system provider, using a state-of-the-art system and wide-spread industrial components wherever possible. The presentation covers the status of the project and the requirements on the control system.
Uncoupling global and fine-tuning replication timing determinants for mouse pericentric heterochromatin (2006)

Mouse chromocenters are clusters of late-replicating pericentric heterochromatin containing HP1 bound to trimethylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (Me3K9H3). Using a cell-free system to initiate replication within G1-phase nuclei, we demonstrate that chromocenters acquire the property of late replication coincident with their reorganization after mitosis and the establishment of a global replication timing program. HP1 dissociated during mitosis but rebound before the establishment of late replication, and removing HP1 from chromocenters by competition with Me3K9H3 peptides did not result in early replication, demonstrating that this interaction is neither necessary nor sufficient for late replication. However, in cells lacking the Suv39h1,2 methyltransferases responsible for K9H3 trimethylation and HP1 binding at chromocenters, replication of chromocenter DNA was advanced by 10-15% of the length of S phase. Reintroduction of Suv39h1 activity restored the later replication time. We conclude that Suv39 activity is required for the fine-tuning of pericentric heterochromatin replication relative to other late-replicating domains, whereas separate factors establish a global replication timing program during early G1 phase.
Dityrosine bridge formation and thyroid hormone synthesis are tightly linked and are both dependent on <i>N</i>‐glycans (1996)

Formation of dityrosine bridges is a ubiquitous process mainly attributed to oxidative stress leading to protein degradation and cellular damages. Here we show that dityrosine formation is involved in a physiological process, thyroid hormone synthesis, and is strictly dependent on structural characteristics, namely N-glycans, presented by the protein acting as the prothyroid hormone. We used two isoforms of the N-terminal thyroid hormone forming domain (NTD) of human thyroglobulin: one without N-glycan (19 kDa isoform) and the other with high mannose type structures (25 kDa isoform). Both isoforms were able to form iodotyrosines after in vitro iodination. However, iodotyrosine coupling to form thyroxine did not occur with the unglycosylated 19 kDa NTD. In contrast, the 25 kDa isoform formed thyroxine. Strikingly, thyroxine synthesis was accompanied by dimerization of the 25 kDa isoform and formation of a dityrosine bridge; none of this was observed with the 19 kDa isoform. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that dimerization through dityrosine bridging accompanies and could have a role in thyroid hormone synthesis.
Noninvasive Imaging of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Changes during 100% Oxygen Inhalation Using Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging (2008)

The DeltaM signal intensity decreased significantly with oxygen inhalation; however, after accounting for changes in blood T1 with oxygen, CBF decreases were small. Such measurements support the use of hyperoxia as an MR imaging contrast agent and may be helpful to interpret hyperoxia-based stroke trials.
Kinetics of Crystallization of Stoichiometric SiO <sub>2</sub> Glass in H <sub>2</sub> O Atmospheres (1966)

Crystallization rates were measured in vacuum, dry nitrogen, and water‐saturated nitrogen atmospheres from 1300° to 1540°C. In all cases the observed rates were linear. Three reactions appeared to contribute to crystallization: the intrinsic crystallization, the impurity effect of H 2 O vapor, and furnace contamination. Enhancement of crystallization by both water vapor and furnace contamination is attributed to the breaking of silicon—oxygen bonds of the glass structure. Competitive adsorption mechanisms were proposed to characterize the adsorption of water and impurity species. The activation energy for apparent intrinsic crystallization was 134 kcal/mole; the activation energy for crystallization in H 2 O vapor was 77 kcal/mole.
Complete inhibition of transferrin recycling by monensin in K562 cells. (1984)

Monensin blocks human transferrin recycling in a dose-dependent and reversible manner in K562 cells, reaching 100% inhibition at a noncytocidal dose of 10(-5) M, whereas transferrin recycling is virtually unaffected by noncytocidal doses of chloroquine. The intracellular pathway of human transferrin in K562 cells, both in the presence and absence of 10(-5) M monensin, was localized by indirect immunofluorescence. Monensin blocks transferrin recycling by causing internalized ligand to accumulate in the perinuclear region of the cell. The effect of 10(-5) M monensin on human transferrin kinetics was quantitatively measured by radioimmunoassay and showed a positive correlation with immunofluorescent studies. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of human transferrin as it cycles through K562 cells reveals the appearance of perinuclear transferrin-positive multivesicular bodies within 3 min of internalization, with subsequent exocytic delivery of the ligand to the cell surface via transferrin-staining vesicles arising from these perinuclear structures within 5 min of internalization. Inhibition of ligand recycling with 10(-5) M monensin causes dilated transferrin-positive multivesicular bodies to accumulate within the cell with no evidence of recycling vesicles. A coordinated interaction between multivesicular bodies and the Golgi apparatus appears to be involved in the recycling of transferrin in K562 cells. Cell-surface-binding sites for transferrin were reduced by 50% with 10(-5) M monensin treatment; however, this effect was not attenuated by 80% protein synthesis inhibition with cycloheximide, supporting the idea that the transferrin receptor is also recycled through the Golgi.
HTRA1 promoter polymorphism predisposes Japanese to age-related macular degeneration. (2007)

The HTRA1 promoter polymorphism, rs11200638, is a strong candidate with a functional consequence that predisposes Japanese to develop neovascular AMD.
Affinity labeling of the protein kinase associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor in membrane vesicles from A431 cells. (1982)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a mitogenic polypeptide hormone, stimulates the phosphorylation of certain endogenous proteins in membrane preparations derived from A431 cells, a human tumor cell line. Membrane vesicles prepared from A431 cells were reacted with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (5'-p-FSO2BzAdo). Reaction of the vesicles with 5'-p-FSO2BzAdo results in a time-dependent inhibition of EGF-stimulable protein kinase activity which parallels an increase in incorporation into the vesicles of the 5'-p-sulfonylbenzoyl-[8-14C]adenosine moiety from 5'-p-FSO2Bz[14C]Ado. The primary bands labeled have Mr = 170,000 and 150,000. Labeling of these bands by 5'-p-FSO2Bz[14C]Ado is inhibited by incubation of the membrane vesicles with adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, an ATP analog. Inactivation of the kinase with N-ethylmaleimide or by heating results in a sharply decreased labeling of the proteins with Mr = 170,000 and 150,000. Proteins of these molecular weights have previously been identified in these cells as the EGF receptor and a degradation product of the receptor. These experiments provide chemical evidence that the EGF receptor and the EGF-stimulable kinase are the same protein.
Research on supersonic combustion (1993)

Introduction S OME qualifications to the pretentious nature of the title of this Paper are in order. Research in this context is applied, i.e., it is directed toward the design and development of devices. The devices are air breathing propulsion systems, wherein supersonic combustion is inherent or it provides an adjunct benefit. Principal applications of the former are manned hypersonic aircraft, transatmospheric accelerators, and missiles. Typical examples of the latter are external burning systems that sustain thrust or reduce drag when used in tandem with primary accelerator engines. This Paper is not at all representative of the complete body of the research on supersonic combustion. Instead, what is presented is primarily based on material with which the writer has had either direct involvement or a first-hand knowledge. It does not do justice to the exemplary works of many other investigators. Hopefully, this is somewhat rectified by the extensive list of references. The reader is encouraged to consult these manuscripts to obtain a more balanced perspective. This applied research must be viewed from the perspective of the engineer who is charged with expediting development and is in the need of design tools. Exact physics have frequently been abandoned to produce functional models. Much of the experimental verification upon which the models are based has been obtained in facilities which have known imperfections with respect to duplication of flight conditions. Moreover, compromises have been made in the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data, in part due to imperfect or incomplete diagnostic instrumentation, and in part due to a limited understanding of the underlying physics. An example that embodies all of these deficiencies would be a design model that is based on the use of integral techniques to describe combustion in supersonic flow from experiments conducted in an arc-heated tunnel.
HPLC simultaneous determination of three phenylethanoids in Phlomis umbrosa (2011)

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of forsythoside B,verbascoside and isoverbascoside in Phlomis umbrosa.Methods:The separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),using acetonitrile and water(potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,pH 2.5) 20∶80 as the mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1;The detection wavelength was 334 nm.Results:The linear ranges of forsythoside B,verbascoside and isoverbascoside was 0.32-1.60 μg(r=0.9999)and 0.48-2.40 μg(r=0.9995)and 0.36-1.80 μg(r=0.9998),respectively,the average recoveries(n=3) was 99.6% with RSD of 0.88%,99.4% with RSD of 0.40%,98.6%with RSD of 1.0%,respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and can be used for quality control of Phlomis umbrosa.
Inter-domain and DoS-resistant call establishment protocol (IDDR-CEP) (2010)

VoIP security is a tricky issue in inter-domain open context where interconnection proxies are reachable from anywhere on the public Internet and may be the subject of DoS and SPIT attacks. This paper proposes a secure call establishment protocol designed for this context with a particular focus on DoS protection. The mechanism performs session key agreement in the signalling plane and can be integrated to SIP call establishment. It is based on symmetric cryptography algorithms and implicit transaction identifiers to protect against DoS attacks. We provide heuristic analysis of various security properties among which privacy and resistance to off-line passive attacks. The IDDR-CEP protocol is presented in a three party architecture but can be adapted to a two party architecture; it may also be adapted to non-VoIP applications.
Evaluation condition of transformer based on infrared thermography results (2009)

Transformer is one of the most important equipment in electricity grid since problems in transformer will influence electrical power system stability. Therefore early knowing on transformer abnormality and ability to evaluate the problems can avoid damage on the transformer. Among methods of transformer abnormality monitoring is thermography Monitoring. In PLN P3B Jawa Bali thermographic monitoring of transformer is a new method that have been applied recently. The parts of the transformer that being observed are transformer tank, tap changer, radiator, and bushing. The testing process, transformer tank, radiator, and bushing shared be three side, top, middle, and bottom. In normal condition the thermal pattern of the transformer tank and radiators is cooler at the bottom and gradually warmer towards the top. Unusual thermal pattern of the transformer tanks indicates problems inside the transformer. Based on this result we are able to propose transformer tests such as DGA, oil quality test, checking radiator valves, checking fans, clamp of bushings. As for the cases study we analyze a 150/20 kV transformer 2 in Balara high voltage substation and a 150/20 kV transformer 1 in Cikupa high voltage substation based on abnormality indication on the radiator and maintank.
Design of New Calcium Antagonists. 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐5‐Carboxylates from Olefinic Acetoacetic Esters and Amidine via Regiospecific Ring Closure [1] (1986)

Abstract 5‐Functionalized‐l,4‐dihydropyrimidines ( 5 ) were prepared via a twostep reaction between arylidene acetoacetic esters ( 1 ) and amidines ( 2 ). Intermediate 6‐hydroxytetrahydropyrimidines ( 4 ) were isolated under mild conditions, and subsequently dehydrated by heating in glacial acetic acid. Warming a solution of 1a and 2a , without isolation of the intermediate product, afforded 5‐acetyl‐6‐oxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidine ( 3 ), indicating ring closure via the α,β ‐unsaturated ester fragment of 1 . The mechanism of formation and structure of cyclic adduct intermediates 4 , and final dihydropyrimidines 5 are discussed.
On the Synthesis of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) by Nitration of 4,6-Dihydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine (2006)

The synthesis of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) by nitration of 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine and hydrolysis of the resulting intermediate 2-dinitromethylene-5,5-dinitropyrimidine-4,6-dione has been studied. By varying the reaction parameters the optimal conditions for the synthesis of FOX-7 have been identified and gave a >90% yield of the pure product. The optimised process allowed the spent acid to be recycled without loss of yield, with almost stoichiometric consumption of nitric acid. The purity of the FOX-7 has been determined using a newly developed HPLC method
Analytic hierarchy process (2001)

This paper discusses the use of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in assigning weights to a group of elements. The weighting of elements has two major functions. First, it is employed to prioritize (rank) elements so that the key elements can be determined. This may for example help to establish the key measures for business performance. Second, assigning weight to selected measures (or criteria) may provide a more accurate judgement. It is, therefore, useful in making business decisions, such as the evaluation of alternative marketing strategies, the selection of candidates for jobs, etc. In addition, AHP employs a consistency test to purify the usable questionnaire responses and an iterative process to improve consistency, which differentiate it from other research methods. Comments and discussions regarding the AHP method are also provided.
An OCR based translation system between simplified and complex Chinese characters (2002)

A new automatic translation system between simplified and complex Chinese characters based on OCR approaches is proposed in this paper. This system can demonstrate an efficient feature extraction algorithm for recognizing either complex or simplified printed Chinese characters. In addition, a new post-processing model proposed in the authors' system not only translates texts between complex and simplified characters, but also corrects character recognition errors. Experimental results show that the average recognition rates are about 99.2% and 95.3% for single font and multi-font recognition respectively. In testing on real documents of simplified characters, it achieves a recognition rate of 96.2% without contextual post-processing. Using the proposed language model for post-processing, one can improve the final accuracy rate to 97.8% including the text translation process and the recognition error correction.
Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array (2019)

Engineering controllable, strongly interacting many-body quantum systems is at the frontier of quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Arrays of laser-cooled neutral atoms in optical tweezers have emerged as a promising platform because of their flexibility and the potential for strong interactions via Rydberg states. Existing neutral atom array experiments utilize alkali atoms, but alkaline-earth atoms offer many advantages in terms of coherence and control, and also open the door to new applications in precision measurement and time keeping. In this Letter, we present a technique to trap individual alkaline-earth-like ytterbium (Yb) atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The narrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} intercombination line is used for both cooling and imaging in a magic-wavelength optical tweezer at 532 nm. The low Doppler temperature allows for imaging near the saturation intensity, resulting in a very high atom detection fidelity. We demonstrate the imaging fidelity concretely by observing rare (<1 in 10^{4} images) spontaneous quantum jumps into and out of a metastable state. We also demonstrate stochastic loading of atoms into a two-dimensional, 144-site tweezer array. This platform will enable advances in quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. The demonstrated narrow-line Doppler imaging may also be applied in tweezer arrays or quantum gas microscopes using other atoms with similar transitions, such as erbium and dysprosium.