gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Character Recognition Techniques: A survey (2013)

This paper presents a literature review on English OCR techniques. English OCR system is compulsory to convert numerous published books of English into editable computer text files. Latest research in this area has been able to grown some new methodologies to overcome the complexity of English writing style. Still these algorithms have not been tested for complete characters of English Alphabet. Hence, a system is required which can handle all classes of English text and identify characters among these classes.
Role of FcγRIIa (CD32) in IgG anti‐RhD‐mediated red cell phagocytosis <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

To test the role of Fc gamma RIIa in IgG anti-RhD-mediated phagocytosis three IgG1 and two IgG3 human monoclonal anti-D antibodies were tested for ability to mediate binding/phagocytosis of cDE/cde and -D-/-D- red cells by Fc gamma RIIa-R131 and Fc gamma RIIa-H131 cDNA-transfected 3T6 fibroblasts. Both IgG3 monoclonal antibodies brought about -D-/-D- cell interaction with IIa-transfected fibroblasts, while only one of them, Og3, mediated binding of cDE/cde targets. Although Fc gamma RIIa expression was three times greater on IIa-R131 than on IIa-H131 fibroblasts, the latter bound significantly more Og3-coated cDE/cde- and IgG3 anti-D-sensitized -D-/-D- cells, respectively, than the former effectors and showed some phagocytosis of the -D-/-D- targets. IgG1 anti-D antibodies were inactive in mediating red cell interaction with the fibroblasts. Moreover, monoclonal anti-Fc gamma RII IV.3 partially inhibited the phagocytosis by adult or fetal monocytes of Og3-sensitized cDE/cde cells. Fc gamma RIIa-H/H131 monocytes exhibited higher phagocytic indices towards these targets than monocytes of other IIa allotypes. The results indicate that Fc gamma RIIa can participate in the phagocytosis of red cells coated with IgG3 anti-D; in this case the allotype of the receptor will modify the extent of red cell destruction.
Terpenoids as Models for New Agrochemicals (1988)

This chapter examines the evidence that some terpenoids serve as plant growth regulators (allelochemicals) as well as anti-herbivore agents. The plant origin and bioassay method of terpenoid allelopathic agents is explored. The role these same compounds play in plant-insect communication due to volatiles, and their involvement as insect pheromones is discussed. The agrochemical possibilities are far-reaching.
Isolation of the specific glomerular basement membrane antigen involved in Goodpasture syndrome. (1984)

The antigen involved in the glomerulonephritis associated with antibodies to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was purified from human GBM digested with highly purified clostridial collagenase. The purified nonreduced sample contained two components with closely similar mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After reduction they moved as one, nonantigenic, component, corresponding to a molecular weight of 26,000. Immunologically identical aggregates of higher molecular weight (i.e., 48,000) were also identified in the crude digest. Reduction of such aggregates after purification released some protein with a molecular weight of 26,000, but a large proportion was insensitive to reduction. Seven patients with Goodpasture syndrome all had circulating anti-GBM antibodies directed only against the purified antigen.
Cooperation between the surface hydroxyl groups of Ru–SiO<sub>2</sub>@mSiO<sub>2</sub>and water for good catalytic performance for hydrogenation of quinoline (2014)

A new core–shell catalyst showing excellent performance and stability was used in the hydrogenation of quinoline in water.
Millimeter-wave passive components on silicon for wireless communication applications (2009)

The performance of on-chip passives and their application at mm-wave frequencies in two key silicon technologies are presented in this paper. Power and linear combiners designed in advanced 130 nm SiGe-BiCMOS and 65 nm CMOS-SOI are used as demonstrators. Multi-port transformer and shielded-CPW-on-SOI power combiners realize insertion loss as low as 0.5 dB and reflected port to port impedance uniformity within 2.5% at 60 GHz in simulation. Linear combiner voltage amplitude and phase imbalances (from simulation) are better than 4.9% and 0.5 ¿, respectively. Test and measurement strategies for the multi-port passives are also described.
Semantic-Gap-Oriented Active Learning for Multilabel Image Annotation (2011)

User interaction is an effective way to handle the semantic gap problem in image annotation. To minimize user effort in the interactions, many active learning methods were proposed. These methods treat the semantic concepts individually or correlatively. However, they still neglect the key motivation of user feedback: to tackle the semantic gap. The size of the semantic gap of each concept is an important factor that affects the performance of user feedback. User should pay more efforts to the concepts with large semantic gaps, and vice versa. In this paper, we propose a semantic-gap-oriented active learning method, which incorporates the semantic gap measure into the information-minimization-based sample selection strategy. The basic learning model used in the active learning framework is an extended multilabel version of the sparse-graph-based semisupervised learning method that incorporates the semantic correlation. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark image data sets demonstrated the importance of bringing the semantic gap measure into the active learning process.
Bacterial arylsulphatase (1952)

suggests that a little fibrin was lost by solution; the described procedure was therefore preferred: in this also, the manipulation of fibrin was found to be easier in the smaller volume.
Models for the active site of oxygen-binding hemoproteins. Dioxygen binding properties and the structures of (2-methylimidazole)-meso-tetra(.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II)-ethanol and its dioxygen adduct (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels for the active site of oxygen-binding hemoproteins. Dioxygen binding properties and the structures of (2-methylimidazole)-meso-tetra(.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II)-ethanol and its dioxygen adductGeoffrey B. Jameson, Frank S. Molinaro, James A. Ibers, James P. Collman, John I. Brauman, Eric Rose, and Kenneth S. SuslickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 9, 3224–3237Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00529a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00529a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views662Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Processing of predicted substrates of fungal Kex2 proteinases from Candida albicans, C. glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris (2008)

Abstract Background Kexin-like proteinases are a subfamily of the subtilisin-like serine proteinases with multiple regulatory functions in eukaryotes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the Kex2 protein is biochemically well investigated, however, with the exception of a few well known proteins such as the α-pheromone precursors, killer toxin precursors and aspartic proteinase propeptides, very few substrates are known. Fungal kex2 deletion mutants display pleiotropic phenotypes that are thought to result from the failure to proteolytically activate such substrates. Results In this study we have aimed at providing an improved assembly of Kex2 target proteins to explain the phenotypes observed in fungal kex2 deletion mutants by in vitro digestion of recombinant substrates from Candida albicans and C. glabrata . We identified CaEce1, CA0365, one member of the Pry protein family and CaOps4-homolog proteins as novel Kex2 substrates. Conclusion Statistical analysis of the cleavage sites revealed extended subsite recognition of negatively charged residues in the P1', P2' and P4' positions, which is also reflected in construction of the respective binding pockets in the ScKex2 enzyme. Additionally, we provide evidence for the existence of structural constrains in potential substrates prohibiting proteolysis. Furthermore, by using purified Kex2 proteinases from S. cerevisiae , P. pastoris , C. albicans and C. glabrata , we show that while the substrate specificity is generally conserved between organisms, the proteinases are still distinct from each other and are likely to have additional unique substrate recognition.
An Automatic Clustering Algorithm and Its Properties in High-Dimensional Spaces (1972)

An economical technique for approximating a joint N-dimensional probability density function has been described by Sebestyen and Edie [20]. The algorithm searches for clusters of points and considers each cluster as one hyperellipsoidal cell in an N-dimensional histogram. Among the advantages of this scheme are: 1) the histogram cell descriptors-location, shape, and size-can be determined adaptively from sequentially introduced data samples of known classification and, 2) the number of cells required for a good fit can usually be held to a small number. No assumptions are required about the underlying statistical structure of the data. The algorithm requires three types of "control parameters" which critically affect its performance and are dependent upon the number of dimensions. The three factors control the birth, shape, and growth rate of the cells. Guides were presented in [20] for choosing the control parameter values. These guides functioned well for spaces of 3 dimensions or less, but did not yield usable values for spaces of greater dimensionality. This paper presents heuristics which were developed to automate the selection of the control parameters. The properties of these parameters were studied as a function of dimension. Two of the control parameters were found to be linearly related to dimension. This provides a method for determining their value by extrapolation, thereby avoiding a great deal of computation.
User-defined gestures for connecting mobile phones, public displays, and tabletops (2010)

Gestures can offer an intuitive way to interact with a computer. In this paper, we investigate the question whether gesturing with a mobile phone can help to perform complex tasks involving two devices. We present results from a user study, where we asked participants to spontaneously produce gestures with their phone to trigger a set of different activities. We investigated three conditions (device configurations): phone-to-phone, phone-to-tabletop, and phone to public display. We report on the kinds of gestures we observed as well as on feedback from the participants, and provide an initial assessment of which sensors might facilitate gesture recognition in a phone. The results suggest that phone gestures have the potential to be easily understood by end users and that certain device configurations and activities may be well suited for gesture control.
TCP Veno revisited (2004)

Diverse links (i.e., wireless links, satellite links and ADSL links) are being widely deployed in current Internet, unlike wired links, these heterogeneous links are causing significant performance degradation of TCP. Recently one sender-side enhancement of TCP, called Veno TCP, is proposed to mainly eliminate TCP's suffering in wireless environments. Real network measurements and live Internet results validated Veno's throughput improvement and its harmonious co-existence with legacy TCP connections. In this paper, we revisit Veno TCP and evaluate its performance in more practical way. Specifically, we measure Veno from four metrics - compatibility, flexibility, robustness and deployablity. Our extensive arguments not only prove Veno's advantages, but also illuminate some basic philosophies behind Veno, which could provide helpful guidelines for future protocol design.
Physical plasma-treated saline promotes an immunogenic phenotype in CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (2019)

Metastatic colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Current options in palliation such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) present severe side effects. Recent research efforts suggested the therapeutic use of oxidant-enriched liquid using cold physical plasma. To investigate a clinically accepted treatment regimen, we assessed the antitumor capacity of plasma-treated saline solution. In response to such liquid, CT26 murine colon cancer cells were readily oxidized and showed cell growth with subsequent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers in vitro. This was accompanied by marked morphological changes with re-arrangement of actin fibers and reduced motility. Induction of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype was not observed. Key results were confirmed in MC38 colon and PDA6606 pancreatic cancer cells. Compared to plasma-treated saline, hydrogen peroxide was inferiorly toxic in 3D tumor spheroids but of similar efficacy in 2D models. In vivo, plasma-treated saline decreased tumor burden in Balb/C mice. This was concomitant with elevated numbers of intratumoral macrophages and increased T cell activation following incubation with CT26 cells ex vivo. Being a potential adjuvant for HIPEC therapy, our results suggest oxidizing saline solutions to inactivate colon cancer cells while potentially stimulating antitumor immune responses.
Syntheses and .BETA.-adrenergic blocking activities of carbostyril derivatives. (1981)

Many 5-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-8-alkoxy and acyloxy-3, 4-dihydrocarbostyrils and 5-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-8-alkoxycarbostyrils were synthesized from 5, 8-dihydroxy-3, 4-dihydrocarbostyril, and their β-adrenergic blocking activities were examincd. Among them, 8-acetonyloxy-5-[3-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenethylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3, 4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride hydrate (IVh) was found to have potent β1-selective adrenergic blocking activity.
China’s Visible Hand: An Analysis of the Chinese Government’s Intervention in its Economy During 2015–17 (2019)

While the Washington Consensus supports limited government involvement in economic life, the new structural economics holds that government can play a facilitating role. This paper contributes to this debate by examining examples of the Chinese government’s intervention in its economy during 2015–2017. The Chinese government’s intervention has been generally successful, including significant reduction in overcapacity in the steel and coal industry, reduced liquidity of Chinese real estate as an asset class, and change in investment style through direct intervention in stock markets. Under President Xi Jinping, the governance model of China Inc. resembles family ownership and family management; thus, with Xi Jinping as an owner–manager, it is expected that the current government would outperform its predecessors, under presidents who were mainly managers. This study is the first of its kind to examine the performance of Chinese government intervention from the perspective of financial economics.
4417 Association between Brain Volumes and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Unit Survivors (2020)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To explore the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in association with hippocampal and amygdala volumes in ICU survivors. We hypothesize that the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in ICU survivors is associated with lower volumes of both the hippocampus and amygdala. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Secondary analysis of the VISIONS study, a prospective sub-study of the BRAIN-ICU cohort, which included survivors of critical illness. Patients were screened for preexisting PTSD before discharge. The PTSD Checklist Specific (PCL-S) was used at 3 and 12 months to evaluate the ICU as a traumatic experience. A score of >30, indicated significant symptoms of PTSD. A Philips Achieva 3T MRI scanner was used to scan patients at both discharge and 3-month follow-up. To compare median brain volumes at discharge and 3 months for those with and without significant PTSD symptomatology (PCL-S ≥30) at 3 and 12 months, we used a Kruskal-Wallis (KW) equality-of-populations rank test. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The median age for our sample was 58.5 (52.6, 63.7). One-third of the sample was female, and 90% were Caucasian. Fifty-seven percent of individuals (N = 12) had at least one prior mental health diagnosis, with two having a prior history of PTSD. One third of individuals experienced delirium during their critical illness. At 3-month follow up, there were three patients with PTSD symptomatology and one at 12-month follow up. Median brain volumes (hippocampus or amygdala) did not differ between individuals with or without PTSD symptomatology at either 3 or 12 months (p-values for all tests >0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although our study did not reveal significant differences in brain volumes between PTSD patients and non-PTSD patients, sample size is a major limitation and larger scale studies should be undertaken to elucidate possible neurobiological markers of PTSD in ICU survivors. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Dr. Wilson would like to acknowledge salary support from the Vanderbilt Faculty Research Scholars Program (1KL2TR002245), HL111111 and GM120484. Drs. Ely and Jackson as well as Mrs. Kiehl all receive funding for their time working on this investigation from AG035117 and HL111111. Dr. Ely would additionally like to acknowledge salary support from the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC). Dr. Ely will also disclose additional funding for his time from AG027472 and having received honoraria from Orion and Hospira for CME activity; he does not hold stock or consultant relationships with those companies. The authors would like to acknowledge the following: this work was conducted in part using the resources of the Center for Computational Imaging at Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science and the Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, and study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at Vanderbilt University.
A survey of direct interrupt delivery techniques in I/O virtualization (2017)

Input/Output (I/O) virtualization has become the determinant of system performance. In I/O virtualization environment, the performance overhead associated with the data path becomes largely negligible with the help of the direct memory access (DMA). Directly delivering interrupt into their target VM can significantly minimize the I/O virtualization performance overhead and has become a hot topic in both academic and industry research areas. This paper studies the existing direct interrupt delivery mechanisms and provides a comprehensive survey of interrupt processing mechanism in I/O virtualization. Our primary attention is to propose a research overview to reflect the state-of-the-art direct interrupt delivery issues and also provide critical guidance on the design of next-generation I/O virtualization framework.
Treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis (2013)

Pulmonary exacerbations have very important consequences in cystic fibrosis (CF), both in terms of current morbidity as well as implications for long term morbidity and mortality. Even though there is no universally agreed definition of pulmonary exacerbation, prompt and aggressive treatment with a multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Maintenance treatments reduce the risk of exacerbations. Antibiotics should be targeted against the common CF bacteria and these can be given orally, although i.v. antibiotics will be required for ongoing symptoms or severe exacerbations. The evidence base for recommendations regarding the optimal regimens, route and frequency of administration of antibiotics, location, and duration of i.v. antibiotic treatment will be discussed. Management of comorbidities, like poor nutrition and diabetes, is critical in improving outcomes.
Three-Dimensional Printing Antimicrobial and Radiopaque Constructs (2018)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing holds tremendous potential as a tool for patient-specific devices. This proof-of- concept study demonstrated the feasibility, antimicrobial properties, and computed tomography(CT) imaging characteristics of iodine/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 3D meshes and stents. Under scanning electron microscopy, cross-linked PVA displays smoother and more compacted filament arrangements. X-ray and transaxial CT images of iodized PVA vascular stents show excellent visibility and significantly higher Hounsfield units of radiopacity than control prints. Three-dimensional PVA prints stabilized by glutaraldehyde cross-linking and loaded with iodine through sublimation significantly suppressed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth in human blood agar disk diffusion assays. It is suggested that PVA 3D printing with iodine represents an important new synthetic platform for generating a wide variety of antimicrobial and high-visibility devices.
Predictive Torque Control of Induction Machines Based on State-Space Models (2009)

In this paper, we present a predictive control algorithm that uses a state-space model. Based on classical control theory, an exact discrete-time model of an induction machine with time-varying components is developed improving the accuracy of state prediction. A torque and stator flux magnitude control algorithm evaluates a cost function for each switching state available in a two-level inverter. The voltage vector with the lowest torque and stator flux magnitude errors is selected to be applied in the next sampling interval. A high degree of flexibility is obtained with the proposed control technique due to the online optimization algorithm, where system nonlinearities and restrictions can be included. Experimental results for a 4-kW induction machine are presented to validate the proposed state-space model and control algorithm.
A collision warning algorithm for rear-end collisions (1998)

The purpose of this paper is to develop an experimentally-based rear end collision warning algorithm for the situation where two vehicles are initially traveling at the same speed in the same direction when the lead vehicle begins to brake. The full variety of initial conditions of vehicular motion are analyzed to determine the proper collision warning algorithm. The analysis shows that knowledge of traveling speed, headway, and lead-vehicle deceleration is sufficient to determine the type of relative motion. This can be coupled with warning logic and principles of vehicle dynamics to produce warning algorithms. An approach to warning implementation is suggested that avoids the difficult problem of estimating the lead-vehicle deceleration; using instead other measurable quantities such as range and range-rate.