gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study of a pocket-sized gas chromatographic air analyzer. Final contract report (1977)

The feasibility of producing a pocket-sized air contaminant monitor based upon a miniature gas chromatograph and an integrated microcomputer has been demonstrated and a practical design for the instrument is presented. This pocket-sized instrument is intended to be used as a personal exposure monitor which is unobtrusively carried by an industrial worker throughout the day. The proposed instrument is fully self-contained in an 8 cm x 4 cm x 15 cm package weighing approximately 0.6 kg. It is build around a miniature integrated gas chromatograph (GC) consisting of a capillary column, a sample injection valve, and detector. A state-of-the-art integrated circuit microcomputer is included in the instrument to handle control and data processing functions. The proposed instrument will be capable of sampling the atmosphere automatically once a minute for eight hours, measuring the concentrations of up to 10 different vapors simultaneously to within 10% accuracy, calculating and storing the time-weighted-average and peak concentrations for each of the gases, measuring concentrations at the 10 ppm level, displaying any of the stored concentrations upon demand, and sounding an alarm when any concentration exceeds a predetermined value. The desirable features of this instrument -- its small size, automatic operation, and ability to monitormore » multiple gases -- should make it a useful analytical tool and of significant use in the fields of industrial hygiene and occupational safety.« less
Characterisation of novel protein families secreted by muscle stage larvae of Trichinella spiralis (2008)

Proteins secreted by Trichinella spiralis have a potential role in remodelling host skeletal muscle. However, whilst many parasite-secreted proteins have been identified, it has rarely been demonstrated that these are secreted into the nurse cell. Using an informatics-based analysis, we have searched the T. spiralis expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets for cDNAs encoding potential secreted proteins. Here we describe the characterisation of three of the top candidates isolated from our analysis, termed secreted from muscle stage larvae (SML)-1, -2 and -3. All three proteins were demonstrated to be secreted by muscle stage larvae, and immunohistochemical analysis established that SML-1 and -2 are secreted into developing nurse cells. We also show that SML-2 is processed from a precursor into smaller peptides by a metalloprotease contained within T. spiralis-secreted products. With the identification of these and other secreted proteins, we now have molecules to test in functional assays designed to dissect molecular features of the developing nurse cell.
Thermal Conversion of Methoxy Species on Dimethyl Ether Adsorbed CeO<sub>2</sub> (1996)

The behavior of methoxy species on dimethyl ether (DME) adsorbed CeO2 was investigated using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. TPD experiments showed that the thermal desorption peaks at 470−500 and 570 K are all DME from DME/CeO2 adsorbed at 300 K. These DME desorptions are attributed to the recombination of the surface methoxy species on CeO2. IR spectra of DME-adsorbed CeO2 showed two bands at 1158 and 1070 cm-1 at 300 K. These bands were assigned to the C−O stretching (ν(CO)) bands of surface methoxy species bound to one Ce ion (terminal-OCH3) and two Ce ions (bridged-OCH3), respectively. These bands decreased with increasing the temperature of CeO2. The increase of the temperature to 490 K led to the appearance of a new band at 1025 cm-1 which was identified as ν(CO) of μ-OCH3 bound to more than three Ce ions. The TPD and IR results suggest that only the μ-OCH3 is decomposed into carbonate via a formate intermediate. The reactions of surface methoxy species on CeO2 are discussed.
Security for Java Web Applications Using Apache Shiro (2014)

Web applications have become a necessity to almost any organization worldwide, but these applications can considerably weak the corporation’s security network since they may be turned into security breaches by people with malicious intentions, causing damage to finances and to a company’s reputation. \n\nApache Shiro is a Java security framework built as a solution for developers to easily integrate security features such as authentication, authorization, cryptography, and session management, on any type of Java application. Its main objective is to reduce the complexity regarding to the management of an application’s security.\n\nThis study examined the integration and usability of Apache Shiro as a security framework for Java applications and it reached for an understanding of the framework where custom behavior was needed, instead of sensible defaults. \n\nAs practical work, a prototype was created to supply a security solution for a Java web application. The goal was to provide user management features requested, such as user role control access and the possibility of authentication through the use of user data stored within a rational database. \n\nBesides the prototype being a success, this study has helped to gain a wider view of security and user management within Java web applications and further study will be placed to accomplish more reliable and secure applications.
Form follows function: the genomic organization of cellular differentiation (2004)

The extent to which the nucleus is functionally organized has broad biological implications. Evidence supports the idea that basic nuclear functions, such as transcription, are structurally integrated within the nucleus. Moreover, recent studies indicate that the linear arrangement of genes within eukaryotic genomes is nonrandom. We suggest that determining the relationship between nuclear organization and the linear arrangement of genes will lead to a greater understanding of how transcriptomes, dedicated to a particular cellular function or fate, are coordinately regulated. Current network theories may provide a useful framework for modeling the inherent complexity the functional organization of the nucleus.
Analysis and control of active power filter with optimized injection (1989)

An active filter that removes harmonics from the AC line by the injection of pulse-width-modulated (PWM) controlled currents is described. These compensating currents are optimized for the removal of all harmonic components up to a specified order using a filter that requires no supply other than the line to which it is connected. The required bidirectional power flow in the filter is achieved by establishing an internal inductor current within upper and lower limits by a purely fundamental current flow into the filter from the line. The performance characteristics of the proposed method are investigated by analysis and simulation. Experimental results from a microcomputer-controlled model establish the validity of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
En guise de conclusion : deux mémoires, ou deux histoires ? (2011)

Les systèmes d’archives, passés ou présents, sont l’une des structures des mémoires nationales. Or, dans le cas de la France et du Royaume-Uni, les deux systèmes ont souvent eu une évolution divergente. Le caractère administratif précoce des archives de la monarchie anglaise s’oppose ainsi au caractère patrimonial et dynastique des premières archives capétiennes. De même, l’action des deux monarchies sur la production et le statut des archives privées dans les deux espaces politiques a conduit à des pratiques d’écriture et de conservation différentes. Inversement, la Révolution française, en transférant massivement des archives privées de l’Église et de la noblesse, les a rendues publiques à travers ses Archives nationales et le réseau des archives dépa rtementales : le fait qu’elles soient restées privées en Angleterre a en retour retardé l’apparition des archives des comtés. Or, ces différences ne devraient pas masquer le fait que les sources nous révèlent une histoire commune jusqu’à la fin du Moyen Âge, et par la suite deux histoires si imbriquées qu’il est toujours utile de les aborder en conjonction et bénéfique de les intégrer dans une approche comparative.
Design of all-optical nonlinear functionalities based on resonators (2004)

The design of resonator-based Kerr-nonlinear functionalities for all-optical signal processing is investigated based on an analytical one-dimensional model. The influence of different device parameters is analyzed and aspects of design optimization are discussed. It is shown that important tradeoffs are to be made in terms of power budget, device length, and signal bandwidth, making these functionalities for the moment only feasible for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems. Several issues concerning nonlinear integration in standard technologies are highlighted.
IMRT verification by three‐dimensional dose reconstruction from portal beam measurements (2002)

A method of reconstructing three-dimensional, in vivo dose distributions delivered by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is presented. A proof-of-principle experiment is described where an inverse-planned IMRT treatment is delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom. The exact position of the phantom at the time of treatment is measured by acquiring megavoltage CT data with the treatment beam and a research prototype, flat-panel, electronic portal imaging device. Immediately following CT imaging, the planned IMRT beams are delivered using the multiple-static field technique. The delivered fluence is sampled using the same detector as for the CT data. The signal measured by the portal imaging device is converted to primary fluence using an iterative phantom-scatter estimation technique. This primary fluence is back-projected through the previously acquired megavoltage CT model of the phantom, with inverse attenuation correction, to yield an input fluence map. The input fluence maps are used to calculate a "reconstructed" dose distribution using the same convolution/superposition algorithm as for the original planning dose calculation. Both relative and absolute dose reconstructions are shown. For the relative measurements, individual beam weights are taken from measurements but the total dose is normalized at the reference point. The absolute dose reconstructions do not use any dosimetric information from the original plan. Planned and reconstructed dose distributions are compared, with the reconstructed relative dose distribution also being compared to film measurements.
CV.—Phenol p-sulphoxide (1907)

S. Smiles and A. W. Bain, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1907, 91, 1118 DOI: 10.1039/CT9079101118
GMIP: generalized maximum intensity projection (2004)

We describe a generalization of the ubiquitous Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) method of volume visualization, the Generalized MIP (GMIP). It combines the classification step employed by volume and surface rendering with the maximum intensity projection of the MIP algorithm. We compare and contrast this new algorithm with traditional surface and volume rendering methods on a variety of data sets and demonstrate how useful visualization of structures often considered to be challenging to visualize can be efficiently created without explicit hard or fuzzy segmentation. Briefly, this new technique allows the user to arbitrarily specify a range of intensity values of interest which are then mapped to the highest intensities in the scene while other intensity values are assigned other, lower values. This allows the user to not only restrict the range of values that are actually projected but to modify them as well. Whereas the MIP method projects the maximum intensity value along a particular line, the GMIP uses a function to transform the intensity values first. The maximum of these transformed intensity values along a particular line is then projected in the GMIP. This new method is computationally fast and is a conceptually straightforward extension of the familiar MIP method but provides a great deal of new capabilities. For example, GMIP allows one to render soft tissue structures in CT and MRI and even low intensity structures such as airway in CT, and bone in MRI. We compare and contrast this new method with other well known volume visualization methods.
The triple point of sulfur hexafluoride (2016)

A cryogenic fixed point cell has been filled with high purity (99.999%) sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and measured in an adiabatic closed-cycle cryostat system. Temperature measurements of the SF6 melting curve were performed using a capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometer (CSPRT) calibrated over the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) subrange from the triple point of equilibrium hydrogen to the triple point of water. The measured temperatures were corrected by 0.37 mK for the effects of thermometer self-heating, and the liquidus-point temperature estimated by extrapolation to melted fraction F = 1 of a simple linear regression versus melted fraction F in the range F = 0.53 to 0.84. Based on this measurement, the temperature of the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride is shown to be 223.555 23(49) K (k = 1) on the ITS-90. This value is in excellent agreement with the best prior measurements reported in the literature, but with considerably smaller uncertainty. An analysis of the detailed uncertainty budget of this measurement suggests that if the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride were to be included as a defining fixed point of the next revision of the International Temperature Scale, it could do so with a total realization uncertainty of approximately 0.43 mK, slightly larger than the realization uncertainties of the defining fixed points of the ITS-90. Since the combined standard uncertainty of this SF6 triple point temperature determination is dominated by chemical impurity effects, further research exploring gas purification techniques and the influence of specific impurity species on the SF6 triple point temperature may bring the realization uncertainty of SF6 as a fixed point material into the range of the defining fixed points of the ITS-90.
Both CP15 and CP25 are left as trails behind gliding sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa) (1994)

Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum were examined after gliding upon glass microscope slides using monoclonal antibodies to the 15 and 25 kDa surface molecules and immunogold-silver enhancement. Both antibodies bound to surface antigen deposited as trails behind parasites, suggesting that both surface molecules are involved in substrate attachment.
Surface condition effects on flame impingement heat transfer (1997)

Flame impingement heating is used in many industrial applications, including the heating and melting of both glass and metal. This heating process usually comprises multiple heat transfer mechanisms, such as forced convection, thermal radiation, and thermochemical heat release. However, little experimental data are available that can be used to determine the importance of each mechanism. This information would be useful for optimizing the heating process and for developing computer models. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of thermal radiation and to determine how the thermochemical heat release is affected by the surface properties of the target. This study investigated the heat transfer from oxygen-enhanced, natural gas flames (15 kW) impinging normal to a water-cooled metal disk (db = 135 mm) segmented into concentric calorimetric rings. Polished, untreated, and blackened surfaces were used to study emissivity effects. The heat flux to the blackened and polished surfaces was the highest and lowest, respectively. The flux to untreated surfaces was between the highest and lowest fluxes. The largest difference in the flux, between the polished and blackened surfaces, was only 9.8%. Catalyticity effects were investigated by using alumina-coated (nearly noncatalytic), untreated, and platinum-coated (highly catalytic) surfaces. The heat flux to platinum-coated surfaces was the highest. The fluxes to untreated surfaces were similar to those for alumina-coated surfaces. The largest difference in the flux, between the platinum-coated and the alumina-coated surfaces, was only 12%. Therefore, both nonluminous flame radiation and the thermochemical heat release from surface catalytic reactions were relatively small fractions of the total heat flux.
Gold–glutathione supramolecular hydrogels (2007)

The ability of gold(I) thiolates to self-assemble into polymeric species has been exploited to create a pH responsive supramolecular hydrogel based on glutathione.
An improved Langmuir probe formula for modeling satellite interactions with near‐geostationary environment (1994)

The Langmuir plasma probe model is an important tool in spacecraft current collection and charging calculations. In ideal geometries, such as a sphere or an infinitely long cylinder, the model is well understood. However, the realistic geometries of current collectors, or spacecraft, are nonideal. An empirical formula for a Langmuir probe with a given nonideal geometry would be useful. We derive such a formula for the SCATHA satellite by using the SC10 potential data obtained during electron beam emissions. The satellite rotated perpendicular to sunlight with the SC10 booms in the equatorial plane. We choose one special mode of operation during a quiet space environment. In this mode the beam current increased continuously, while the energy remained constant. We analyzed the variations of the vehicle potential responding to the unique driving factor, the beam current. To provide physical explanation to the behavior of the SC10 potential data, we model the interactions between the beam, photoelectron, and ambient currents. We present an algorithm which successfully yields an empirical Langmuir probe formula for SCATHA, from which we obtain improved estimate of ambient electron temperatures and densities. The results predicted by the improved Langmuir probe model compare favorably with the very few published measurements from the region.
Active Vision for Door Localization and Door Opening using Playbot: A Computer Controlled Wheelchair for People with Mobility Impairments (2008)

Playbot is a long-term, large-scale research project, whose goal is to provide a vision-based computer controlled wheelchair that enables children and adults with mobility impairments to become more independent. Within this context, we show how Playbot can actively search an indoor environment to localize a door, approach the door, use a mounted robotic arm to open the door, and go through the door, using exclusively vision-based sensors and without using a map of the environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of active vision for localizing objects that are too large to fall within a single camerapsilas field of view and show that well-calibrated vision-based sensors are sufficient to safely pass through a door frame that is narrow enough to tolerate a wheelchair localization error of at most a few centimetres. We provide experimental results demonstrating near perfect performance in an indoor environment.
Human Kinetic Modeling of the 5HT6 PET Radioligand <sup>11</sup>C-GSK215083 and Its Utility for Determining Occupancy at Both 5HT6 and 5HT2A Receptors by SB742457 as a Potential Therapeutic Mechanism of Action in Alzheimer Disease (2015)

Collectively, these data support the use of (11)C-GSK215083 as a 5HT6 clinical imaging tool and suggest that blocking both the 5HT6 and the 5HT2A receptors may be required for the optimal therapeutic action of SB742457 in AD.
Do cyanobacteria swim using traveling surface waves? (1996)

Bacteria that swim without the benefit of flagella might do so by generating longitudinal or transverse surface waves. For example, swimming speeds of order 25 microns/s are expected for a spherical cell propagating longitudinal waves of 0.2 micron length, 0.02 micron amplitude, and 160 microns/s speed. This problem was solved earlier by mathematicians who were interested in the locomotion of ciliates and who considered the undulations of the envelope swept out by ciliary tips. A new solution is given for spheres propagating sinusoidal waveforms rather than Legendre polynomials. The earlier work is reviewed and possible experimental tests are suggested.
Platelet aggregation inhibitors in hot water extract of green tea. (1990)

The effect of hot water extract of green tea on the collagen-induced aggregation of washed rabbit platelets was examined. The extract lowered submaximal aggregation and prolonged the lag time in a dose-dependent manner. After fractionation of the extract, it was revealed that the tea catechins (tannins) are active principles for inhibition and that ester-type catechins are more effective than free-type catechins. One of the ester type catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), suppressed the collagen-induced platelet aggregation completely at the concentration of 0.2 mg/ml (= 0.45 mM). Comparing IC50 values of EGCG and aspirin it was found that the potency of EGCG is comparable to that of aspirin. Thrombin- and platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation was also inhibited by EGCG. The elevation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) level was not observed in EGCG treated platelets.
Characterization of a Protein-based Adhesive Elastomer Secreted by the Australian Frog <i>Notaden </i><i>bennetti</i> (2005)

When provoked, Notaden bennetti frogs secrete an exudate which rapidly forms a tacky elastic solid ("frog glue"). This protein-based material acts as a promiscuous pressure-sensitive adhesive that functions even in wet conditions. We conducted macroscopic tests in air to assess the tensile strength of moist glue (up to 78 +/- 8 kPa) and the shear strength of dry glue (1.7 +/- 0.3 MPa). We also performed nanomechanical measurements in water to determine the adhesion (1.9-7.2 nN or greater), resilience (43-56%), and elastic modulus (170-1035 kPa) of solid glue collected in different ways. Dry glue contains little carbohydrate and consists mainly of protein. The protein complement is rich in Gly (15.8 mol %), Pro (8.8 mol %), and Glu/Gln (14.1 mol %); it also contains some 4-hydroxyproline (4.6 mol %) but no 5-hydroxylysine or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa). Denaturing gel electrophoresis of the glue reveals a characteristic pattern of proteins spanning 13-400 kDa. The largest protein (Nb-1R, apparent molecular mass 350-500 kDa) is also the most abundant, and this protein appears to be the key structural component. The solid glue can be dissolved in dilute acids; raising the ionic strength causes the glue components to self-assemble spontaneously into a solid which resembles the starting material. We describe scattering studies on dissolved and solid glue and provide microscopy images of glue surfaces and sections, revealing a porous interior that is consistent with the high water content (85-90 wt %) of moist glue. In addition to compositional similarities with other biological adhesives and well-known elastomeric proteins, the circular dichroism spectrum of dissolved glue is almost identical to that for soluble elastin and electron and scanning probe microscopy images invite comparison with silk fibroins. Covalent cross-linking does not seem to be necessary for the glue to set.