gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO2 removal for ventilatory support: a comparison of dialysis with and without carbonic anhydrase to a hollow fiber lung. (1991)

All CO2 in blood is in equilibrium, catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase (CA). This has prompted some investigators to consider treating ventilatory failure by using dialysis to remove HCO3-. Since there is at least 18 times more CO2 in the form of HCO3- than dissolved CO2, theoretically, lower blood flows could be used than with current extracorporeal support with artificial membrane lungs. HCO3- removal for ventilatory support has required alkalinization to compensate for the resulting acidosis and has been capable of removing 26 to 38 ml CO2/100 ml blood flow, compared to 14 ml CO2/100 ml for clinically employed silicone membrane lungs. We designed a HCO3- removal system using recirculation of dialysate through a membrane lung to remove CO2, rather than alkalinization of blood, and removed 8.8 ml CO2/100 ml. Adding CA improved this to 12.2 ml CO2/100 ml, but a conventional hollow fiber lung removed 30 ml CO2/100 ml. We conclude that the complexities of an HCO3- removal system may not be necessary with the advent of more efficient hollow fiber lungs.
Charge transfer doping of graphene without degrading carrier mobility (2017)

Density functional calculations are used to analyze the charge transfer doping mechanism by molecules absorbed onto graphene. Typical dopants studied are AuCl3, FeCl3, SbF5, HNO3, MoO3, Cs2O, O2, and OH. The Fermi level shifts are correlated with the electron affinity or ionization potential of the dopants. We pay particular attention to whether the dopants form direct chemisorptive bonds which cause the underlying carbon atoms to pucker to form sp3 sites as these interrupt the π bonding of the basal plane, and cause carrier scattering and thus degrade the carrier mobility. Most species even those with high or low electronegativity do not cause puckering. In contrast, reactive radicals like -OH cause puckering of the basal plane, creating sp3 sites which degrade mobility.
Folklore for Children and Young People. A Critical and Descriptive Bibliography for Use in the Elementary and Intermediate School. Compiled and Annotated by Ramsey Eloise. (Philadelphia: The American Folklore Society, 1952.) XII + 110 pp. $4.50. (1954)

Folklore for Children and Young People. A Critical and Descriptive Bibliography for Use in the Elementary and Intermediate School. Compiled and Annotated by Ramsey Eloise. (Philadelphia: The American Folklore Society, 1952.) XII + 110 pp. $4.50. - Volume 6
Aspects on dynamic processes in hydraulically driven automatic tools changing devices (2002)

An automatic changing mechanism (ATCM) puts into effect the preparatory motions of the tools to an intermediate waiting position, the tool change, and the return of a tool that has completed its work to the magazine. For most typical designs of hydraulic drive for an ATCM, standard types of mathematical models of a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic cylinder are suitable.
Early Indicators and Contributors to Psychological Distress in Relatives During Rehabilitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2006)

The model highlights the impact on families when the person with TBI experiences restrictions in participation. Clinically, a greater focus on the provision of respite or case management services may assist in reducing relative distress.
Focused-ion beam induced deposition of copper (1993)

As the dimensions of integrated circuits (ICs) decrease into the submicron range, the problems of circuit delay and interconnect reliability become more urgent. Due to its low resistivity (1.67 μΩ cm) and high electromigration resistance, copper has received attention as a candidate metal for the ICs of the future. In addition, the focused-ion beam (FIB), with its capability for milling and deposition at linewidths of 0.1 μm or below, has proved useful as a tool for integrated IC ‘‘microsurgery.’’ FIB induced deposition of copper from a novel organometallic precursor compound, Cu(hfac)TMVS, has been achieved using 25–35 keV Ga+ ions from a liquid metal ion source. Submicron copper lines deposited at room temperature from this precursor exhibit resistivities as low as 50 μΩ cm; a sharp drop in these values is noted for deposition above 67 °C, and deposition on a substrate heated above ∼100 °C yields resistivities near those of pure bulk copper. Composition analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy shows the high temperature deposition to be nearly pure copper. Deposition yields of 14 copper atoms per incident Ga+ ion have been obtained on both silicon and silicon dioxide substrates, with growth rates of up to 2.2 nm/s at an average ion current density of 200 μA/cm2. The quality and microstructure of the deposited film seems to be inextricably tied to the ability of the carbon-containing by-product molecules to desorb from the growing film. For instance, high-temperature deposition results in a low resistivity film with few impurities, most likely because this condition allows greater by-product desorption. Under the proper conditions, this particular precursor compound shows great promise for use in the FIB induced deposition of low resistivity, submicron interconnects on ICs for repair processes.
Metabolic gene polymorphisms and<i>p53</i>mutations in healthy centenarians and younger controls (2003)

To obtain insights into the genetic mechanisms of ageing, we studied the frequency of the simultaneous presence of polymorphisms in phase I and phase II genes and of several p53 germline mutations in a group of 66 nonagenarians and centenarians in good health, selected from a larger sample of a multicentre Italian study in Northern Italy, and in a sample of 150 young healthy volunteers of the same ethnic group. We found a statistically significant difference in the frequency of 1the GSTT1 deletion and the p53 genotypes: the absence of any p53 polymorphisms and of GSTT1 deletion, and the simultaneous presence of the three p53 polymorphisms and of GSTT1 deletion, were much more frequent in young subjects than in centenarians (41.5% versus 26.9% and 8.8% versus 3.8%, respectively). One hypothesis to explain this difference is that subjects with both GSTT1 deletion and p53 polymorphisms may accumulate carcinogens and may have reduced DNA repair ability, and thus are more at risk for cancer. Another possible explanation is that both metabolic genes and p53 act on pathways related to cell ageing and death, and therefore certain composite genetic patterns could represent a generic mechanism of protection against ageing, not just against the development of chronic diseases. It is likely that longevity is related to a complex genetic trait as well as to certain environmental exposures.
Fatty acid composition of seed oils from six<i>Adansonia</i> species with particular reference to cyclopropane and cyclopropene acids (1982)

The oil content of sixAdansonia species (Bombacaceae family) of Madagascar (Adansonia grandidieri, A. za, A. digitata, A. fony, A. madagascariensis andA. suarenzensis) and Africa (A. digitata) ranges from 8 to 46%. All the oils give a positive response to the Halphen test. Malvalic, sterculic and dihydrosterculic acids were detected using gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Epoxy or hydroxy fatty acids were not found in these oils. Fatty acid composition was determined by GLC using glass capillary columns coated with BDS and Carbowax 20 M. Results obtained for cyclopropenic fatty acids (CPEFA) were compared to those given by glass capillary GLC after derivatization with silver nitrate in methanol, by hydrogen bromide titration and by proton magnetic resonance (PMR). Good agreement was observed for the results given by the various methods. Malvalic acid content ranges from 3 to 28%, sterculic acid from 1 to 8% and dihydrosterculic acid from 1.5 to 5.1%. Odd-numbered fatty acids (Pentadecanoic and hepatadecanoic) were also observed in minute amounts (0.1-1.1%). Among the normal fatty acids, we observed mainly palmitic (21-46%), oleic (15-40%) and linoleic (12-32%). The relationship between fatty acid composition andAdansonia species is discussed.
Verifiable-text attacks in cryptographic protocols (2002)

The author introduces a form of attack, a verifiable-test attack, in which an attacker obtains secret information, such as a password used in a protocol, without breaking the underlying cryptosystem. An investigation is made of the essence of a verifiable-text attack, and an algorithm for examining protocols and searching for vulnerabilities to such an attack is developed. Caution has to be exercised in certifying that a protocol is not vulnerable because a healthy protocol may become vulnerable when it interacts with another vulnerable or even healthy protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2002)

A novel method of preparing macroporous hydroxyapatite (HA) by dual-phase mixing was developed: HA slurry and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin were mixed together at the volume ratio of 1:1. After pyrolytic removal of the PMMA phase, HA with an open porous structure was obtained. In this way, the porosity of the ceramic was limited to 50%. Attempts to increase the porosity by adding more PMMA resin were confronted with the technical hurdle of sample collapse during the pyrolysis process. To increase the porosity and to improve pore interconnection, an extra foaming step was introduced before the polymerization of PMMA resin. Three foaming agent systems were tried, based on the reactions of citric acid and (bi)carbonate salts: sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate. Although all the three foaming agents were able to increase the porosity up to 70%, keeping all the pores interconnected throughout, only ammonium bicarbonate system turned out to be applicable to make HA scaffolds or implants, because both NaHCO(3) and CaCO(3) systems caused alkalic residues in the final ceramic. The porous HA samples were fully characterized by FTIR, XRD, ESEM (EDX), and optical microscopy.
Biofunctional Paper via the Covalent Modification of Cellulose (2012)

Paper-based analytical devices are the subject of growing interest for the development of low-cost point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring technologies, and research tools for limited-resource settings. However, there are limited chemistries available for the conjugation of biomolecules to cellulose for use in biomedical applications. Herein, divinyl sulfone (DVS) chemistry was demonstrated to immobilize small molecules, proteins, and DNA covalently onto the hydroxyl groups of cellulose membranes through nucleophilic addition. Assays on modified cellulose using protein-carbohydrate and protein-glycoprotein interactions as well as oligonucleotide hybridization showed that the membrane's bioactivity was specific, dose-dependent, and stable over a long period of time. The use of an inkjet printer to form patterns of biomolecules on DVS-activated cellulose illustrates the adaptability of the DVS functionalization technique to pattern sophisticated designs, with potential applications in cellulose-based lateral flow devices.
Non-Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography at 3 Tesla in Patients with Advanced Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (2014)

Non-enhanced ECG-gated HR-QISS performs very well in subjects with severe PAOD and is a good alternative for patients with a high risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
High efficiency genetic modification of hair follicles and growing hair shafts (2002)

A technique for genetic modification of hair follicles was developed which results in efficient alteration of the hair shaft phenotype. High-level in vivo transgene expression was maintained in hair follicles such that growing hair shafts were phenotypically altered. Mouse anagen skin fragments, maintained in histoculture, were genetically modified at high efficiency with adenoviral-GFP. The histocultured skin fragments were treated with collagenase which made hair follicles accessible to the adenoviral GFP gene, allowing high-efficiency transduction. These skin fragments were subsequently grafted on to nude mice where GFP was readily visualized in as many as 75% of hair follicles. Most follicles produced GFP-fluorescent growing hair shafts. This technique has produced efficient genetic modification of the hair shaft.
Efficient design methodology for microwave frequency multiplexers using infinite-array prototype circuits (1994)

Frequency multiplexers of the manifold type, in which individual channel filters connect to a main trunk line without the use of isolating directional circuit components, are noted for their compactness, achieved through controlled signal interactions among channel circuits. A major drawback often associated with manifold designs is the potentially large number of network variables that must be handled simultaneously. The new multiplexer design approach being presented utilizes infinite-array prototype circuits based on logarithmic-periodic principles which, in turn, allow a significant reduction in the simultaneous-variable count. The technique is not confined to manifold architectures and can accommodate both contiguous and noncontiguous channels with a wide variety of frequency band allocations. The versatility of the approach is illustrated by two experimental contiguous-band five-channel multiplexer circuits that operate at C- and X-band frequencies, with one circuit designed for equal fractional bandwidths of 20%, and the other for constant absolute bandwidths of 800 MHz. These examples are believed to represent the first practical and successful utilizations of logarithmic periodicity in microwave multiport network design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Paramagnetic Liposome Nanoparticles for Cellular and Tumour Imaging (2010)

In this review we discuss the development of paramagnetic liposomes incorporating MRI contrast agents and show how these are utilized in cellular imaging in vitro. Bi-functional, bi-modal imaging paramagnetic liposome systems are also described. Next we discuss the upgrading of paramagnetic liposomes into bi-modal imaging neutral nanoparticles for in vivo imaging applications. We discuss the development of such systems and show how paramagnetic liposomes and imaging nanoparticles could be developed as platforms for future multi-functional, multi-modal imaging theranostic nanodevices tailor-made for the combined imaging of early stage disease pathology and functional drug delivery.
La tachicardia ventricolare idiopatica: significato clinico e terapia (2010)

Tra le tachicardie ventricolari (TV) idiopatiche le TV del tratto di efflusso sono le più frequentemente osservate nella pratica clinica.<BR>Il compito del cardiologo è reso particolarmente difficile dalla necessità di porre una corretta diagnosi differenziale con forme di TV secondarie a cardiopatia strutturale, in particolare la malattia aritmogena del ventricolo destro. Correttamente identificate, le TV idiopatiche del tratto di efflusso presentano una prognosi favorevole nella stragrande maggioranza dei casi. L’evoluzione tecnologica e l’affinamento dell’esperienza nell’ambito dell’ablazione transcatetere consentono oggi di fornire una cura definitiva e con percentuali di complicanze accettabili ad un numero sempre più elevato di questi pazienti.
Evaluating Causation for the Opposite Lower Limb (2012)

Abstract Causation analysis always should be based on current scientific evidence and the facts of a specific case rather than common opinions or beliefs, eg, the myth that “favoring” one lower extremity often results in injury or illness of the opposite lower limb. Temporal sequence does not prove causation, and in causation analysis one also must consider temporal disparity: Was an injury or exposure likely to cause the condition in question, or is there another, more probable, cause? To conclude that a given cause and effect are etiologically associated with a reasonable degree of medical probability or certainty (ie, more than 50% probability), all three of the following criteria must be met: the cause is medically probably; the effect is medially probably; and the cause and effect probably are etiologically related. That is, causation analysis must be based on an analytical approach and not patient history alone. The medical literature reveals no generally accepted studies that support a causal relationship based on an individual's “favoring” one extremity. Rather, evaluators must base conclusions on scientific evidence and facts of the case at hand rather than relying solely on patient history or false logic such as the post hoc propter hoc fallacy.
Two-handed spatial interface tools for neurosurgical planning (1995)

A computer-based neurosurgical planning system lets neurosurgeons easily manipulate 3D data using their everyday skills from handling tools with two hands. It has been tested in actual surgical procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient distributed, dynamic traffic control in a frequency hopping CDMA system (2003)

A decentralized traffic congestion control algorithm for a frequency hopping code-division multiple-access (FH-CDMA) communication system is proposed. It utilizes one of the unique characteristics of a frequency hopping communication: each user can monitor and estimate the traffic in the channel by receiver table(s). This characteristic, in conjunction with a previous study of retransmission strategy and multiple block transmissions with error detection in a FH-CDMA system, enables individual users to adjust their packet transmission rates depending on their current status and the traffic condition in the channel. The proposed algorithm shows that the system does not suffer from channel saturation in bursty heavy traffic arrivals, thus maintaining the maximum throughput of the system. Significantly reduced retransmission delay, is obtained by allowing immediate retransmissions after repeat requests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into solid fullerene C60 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical intercalation of lithium into solid fullerene C60Yves Chabre, David Djurado, Michel Armand, William R. Romanow, Nicole Coustel, John P. McCauley Jr., John E. Fischer, and Amos B. Smith IIICite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2, 764–766Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00028a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views863Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Involvement of the carboxyl-terminal region in modulation by TPA of the NMDA receptor channel (1993)

The epsilon 1/zeta 1 and epsilon 2/zeta 1 heteromeric N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but not the epsilon 3/zeta 1 and epsilon 4/zeta 1 channels, are positively modulated by the treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Failure of potentiation in the presence of staurosporine suggests the involvement of protein kinases in the TPA effect. To identify the structural domain involved in the modulation of the NMDA receptor channel by the TPA treatment, we constructed chimeric subunits between the epsilon 2 and epsilon 3 subunits. Functional analysis of heteromeric channels containing chimeric epsilon subunits has shown that the carboxyl-terminal region of the epsilon 2 subunit is responsible for the activation of the epsilon 2/zeta 1 channel by the TPA treatment.
Phenylene–2,5-dimethylpyrazine co-oligomers: synthesis by Suzuki couplings, X-ray structures of neutral and diprotonated teraryl species and efficient blue emission (2003)

Phenylene–2,5-dimethylpyrazinyl co-oligomers and a dipyridylpyrazine derivative have been synthesised by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions starting from 2,5-dibromo-3,6-dimethylpyrazine. X-Ray crystal structures are reported for two teraryl derivatives, viz. 2,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyrazine 2 and 2,5-bis(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3,6-dimethylpyrazine 6, and a diprotonated pyrazinyl dication salt, viz. 2,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyrazinium bis(tetrafluoroborate) salt 3. Compounds 2 and 6 and the dication in 3 have crystallographic Ci symmetry and adopt twisted conformations: dihedral angles between the aryl and pyrazine rings are 74.0° (2), 56.4° (3) and 44.6° (6). Violet-blue photoluminescence is seen for 2λmax 372 nm, 5λmax 418 nm and 6λmax 387 nm in ethanol solution. [Compound 5 is 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-bis{2-(5-tert-butylphenyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazinyl)benzene}]. Blue electroluminescence, λmax 444 nm, is observed for the device structure ITO/PEDOT/5/Ca with no long-wavelength emission from π-aggregates or exciton states.
El Neorrealismo de ayer y de hoy: la construcción fílmica de una realidad social (2009)

espanolEl articulo se centra en explicar como ante determinados acontecimientos sociales, politicos y culturales, el realismo se constituye en el medio mas eficaz para denunciar y contar la verdad. De manera que la camara cinematografica —asi lo entendieron los cineastas vinculados al movimiento conocido como Neorrealismo italiano— se convierte en el elemento idoneo que permite construir una realidad filmica, es decir, una realidad prevista a priori, a partir de elementos de otra realidad social que, en la mayoria de los casos, son objeto de rechazo. Es asi como ante sucesos que se repiten en diferentes epocas y lugares de la historia, el Neorrealismo cobra fuerza sin perder esa componente estetica que eleva algunos de estos films a la categoria de obras de arte. Tal es el caso de algunos de los titulos, como veremos, de Sayajit Ray o Amin Korki. EnglishThis article aims to explain how in light of certain social, political and cultural events, realism becomes the most effective means for telling of and denouncing a reality. As the filmmakers of the Italian Neo-realism movement understood, the cinematographic camera is the ideal element to construct a film reality; a reality already built from elements belonging to another social reality, which in many cases, is the object of rejection. Neo-realism has gained force by depicting events that have been repeated in different times and places of history, without losing sight of the aesthetic component that has merited ranking many of these films as authentic works of art. As we will see, this is the case of films such as those directed by Sayajit Ray or Amin Korki.
Getting it printed (1993)

A practical, hands-on guide to working with printers and graphic arts services to ensure quality, meeting deadlines and controlling costs. Recently revised and updated with info on electronic design and prepress.