gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytochrome B and at Least One Other Phytochrome Mediate the Accelerated Flowering Response of Arabidopsis thaliana L. to Low Red/Far-Red Ratio (1994)

We have investigated the involvement of phytochrome B in the early-flowering response of Arabidopsis thaliana L. seedlings to low red:far-red (R/FR) ratio light conditions. The phytochrome B-deficient hy3 (phyB) mutant is early flowering, and in this regard it resembles the shade-avoidance phenotype of its isogenic wild type. Seedlings carrying the hy2 mutation, resulting in a deficiency of phytochrome chromophore and hence of active phytochromes, also flower earlier than wild-type plants. Whereas hy3 or hy2 seedlings show only a slight acceleration of flowering in response to low R/FR ratio, seedlings that are doubly homozygous for both mutations flower earlier than seedlings carrying either phytochrome-related mutation alone. This additive effect clearly indicates the involvement of one or more phytochrome species in addition to phytochrome B in the flowering response as well as indicating the presence of some functional phytochrome B in hy2 seedlings. Seedlings that are homozygous for the hy3 mutation and one of the fca, fwa, or co late-flowering mutations display a pronounced early-flowering response to low R/FR ratio. A similar response to low R/FR ratio is displayed by seedlings doubly homozygous for the hy2 mutation and any one of the late-flowering mutations. Thus, placing the hy3 or hy2 mutations into a late-flowering background has the effect of uncovering a flowering response to low R/FR ratio. Seedlings that are triply homozygous for the hy3, hy2 mutations and a late-flowering mutation flower earlier than the double mutants and do not respond to low R/FR ratio. Thus, the observed flowering responses to low R/FR ratio in phytochrome B-deficient mutants can be attributed to the action of at least one other phytochrome species.
A cell impedance sensor chip for cancer cells detection with single cell resolution (2013)

In this study, we present a new cell-based impedance sensor chip with integrated microfluidics for cancer cells detection with single cell resolution. To overcome the limitation of cell resolution posed by conventional approaches, a simple but effective cell-trapping method was proposed to position single cells on top of microelectrodes for sequential measurement. Impedance spectra change induced by single cells on microelectrode arrays was successfully recorded and modeled by using an electrical equivalent circuit. The preliminary measurement reveals a high sensitivity of sensor demonstrated by monitoring single cancer cells adhered on microelectrodes with different surface properties. The impedance magnitudes were also recorded to monitor the activities of single cell on microelectrode in real time. The proposed sensor chip has the potential for further detection and quantification of cancer cells from various tumor stages.
Anodic oxidation potentials of substituted pyrroles: derivation and analysis of substituent partial potentials (1984)

With cyclic voltammetry, anodic oxidation potentials for a series of 117 substituted pyrroles have been measured and analyzed. The pyrroles studied are useful intermediates for the synthesis of polypyrrole pigments, and the information gained is related to reactivity in pyrrole systems and should be applicable to synthetic endeavors. Substituent partial potentials for the various common peripheral groups are derived by using a least-squares analysis and are interpreted. With a few exceptions, on the basis of the derived substituent contributions it is possible to deduce accurate calculated oxidation potentials for virtually any common substituted pyrrole. Calculated and measured oxidation potentials differ in two major circumstances: (a) when two strongly electron-with drawing substituents are located at the 2-and 5-positions and (b) when an unsubstituted 2-position occurs concomitantly with a strongly electron-with drawing 5-position substituent. Though correlations between electrochemical substituent partial potentials and standard σp and σm coefficients are not apparent, a good correlation was obtained between pKa and oxidation potential for a series of pyrrole-5-carboxylic acids. © 1984, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Diallyl Disulfide Prevents Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats through the Inhibition of Oxidative Damage, MAPKs, and NF-κB Pathways (2015)

This study investigated the possible effects and molecular mechanisms of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rats. Inflammation response was assessed by histopathology and serum cytokines levels. We determined the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress, urinary nitrite-nitrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Finally, we studied the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling in the protective effects of DADS against CP-induced HC. CP treatment caused a HC which was evidenced by an increase in histopathological changes, proinflammatory cytokines levels, urinary nitrite-nitrate level, and the protein expression of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). The significant decreases in glutathione content and glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and the significant increase in MDA content and urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels indicated that CP-induced bladder injury was mediated through oxidative DNA damage. In contrast, DADS pretreatment attenuated CP-induced HC, including histopathological lesion, serum cytokines levels, oxidative damage, and urinary oxidative DNA damage. DADS also caused significantly decreased the protein expressions of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, p-JNK, and p-ERK. These results indicate that DADS prevents CP-induced HC and that the protective effects of DADS may be due to its ability to regulate proinflammatory cytokines production by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs expressions, and its potent anti-oxidative capability through reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the bladder.
Microlens array diffuser for a light-emitting diode backlight system (2006)

Microlens array (MLA) diffusers for light-emitting diode (LED) backlight systems have been developed. A high fill-factor photoresist mold for the MLA was fabricated using three-dimensional diffuser lithography, and the patterns were transferred to a nickel master mold for UV-curable polymer replication. The fabricated microlens had various paraboloidal profiles, and its aspect ratio was controlled from 1.0 to 2.1. The MLA diffuser showed a batwing radiation pattern with a radiation angle of 150 degrees. The fabricated MLA diffuser may greatly enhance the color-mixing characteristics of LED backlight systems and help reduce the number of LEDs required.
A differential reference voltage source and its output buffer used in high-speed high-precision pipelined ADC (2012)

An analysis of performance degradation due to limited precision of reference voltage for pipelined ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) is presented in this paper. For the MDAC (multiplying D/A converter) and subADC in pipelined ADC have very different requirements for the precision of reference voltage, an improved differential reference voltage source and its buffer circuit is proposed. The reference voltage for MDAC and subADC are provided and designed the output buffer separately, so that to reduce the crosstalk between MDAC and subADC. Also, the driving ability of the proposed circuit is controllable with the help of programmable bias circuit which regulates the circuit's entire power consumption. Spectre post-layout simulation results show that the reference source has the minimum power of 15mW, and the entire set-up time is 5.842ns; has the maximum power of 58mW, and the entire set-up time is 1.036ns. The reference source can meet the requirement of 14-bit 80MSPS to 450MSPS pipelined ADC.
Design of a lens-to-channel waveguide system as a solar concentrator structure (2014)

We present a lens-to-channel waveguide solar concentrator, where the lens array and the channel waveguide act as the primary and the secondary concentrator. Sunlight collected by the lens array is coupled into channel waveguides and exits from one end of the tapered waveguide directly onto photovoltaic cells. A 45°coupler is placed at each lens focal point to couple light into the waveguides. This configuration eliminates any inherent decoupling losses. We provide a detailed math model and simulation results using exemplar system parameters, showing that this structure can achieve 800x concentration at 89.1% optical efficiency under ±0.7° incidence angle.
Template Adaptation For Improving Automatic Music Transcription. (2014)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
A triboluminescent europium(III) complex (2001)

The crystal structure of (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)tris[3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(2-thenoyl)propan-2-onato]europium(III), or more commonly (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)tris(2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)europium(III), [Eu(C8H4F3O2S)3(C12H12N2)], has been determined. Crystals of the complex emit vivid red light when scratched or fractured. This triboluminescent activity seems to correlate with the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and disorder of the thienyl rings and CF3 groups which is present here and in similar compounds. While modeling the thienyl-ring disorder, it was noted that the bond angle at the C atom replaced by S is a sensitive sign of even small rotational ring disorder. The coordination geometry of the Eu(III) ion can be described as square antiprismatic, with coordination by the six O atoms of the three chelating beta-diketonate ligands and the two N atoms of the neutral bipyridyl ligand.
Trapped flux in superconductors (1955)

Abstract When a magnetic field is applied to a superconductor the normal state may be restored, and on removing the field the superconducting state is re-established, usually with a proportion of the field trapped in normal channels. The amount of flux trapped has been studied systematically as a function of temperature in rods of pure tin and of tin alloyed with indium up to 3 %. In order to obtain significant results the specimens must be single crystals, homogenized by prolonged annealing, and having well-polished surfaces. The proportion of flux trapped is very small ( ~0.1% ) in pure tin, increasing steadily as the indium concentration is increased. For indium concentrations less than about 2-3 % the proportion trapped tends to zero as the temperature tends to the transition temperature. For greater indium concentrations there is a sharp rise in trapping to a very high value ( ~ 50%) at the transition temperature. The trapped flux is rather firmly bound. In order to account for these results a model of the superconducting state is developed, based on the theories of London & London and of Gorter & Casimir, and incorporating the idea of coherence. Typical processes such as spontaneous nucleation of the superconducting phase are analyzed and used to discuss the factors influencing the coalescence of adjacent superconducting domains, which is an essential part of the trapping mechanism. It is concluded that for not too great indium concentrations coalescence is achieved only through the presence of flaws, and that the sudden change in behaviour at 2.3 % indium marks the beginning of spontaneous coalescence. The model appears to be capable of accounting qualitatively for most of the details of the observed behaviour.
Near-infrared-to-visible image conversion using a Si liquid-crystal light valve (1988)

A real-time near IR-to-visible image converter using a Hughes silicon liquid-crystal light valve (Si LCLV) has been demonstrated. A 1.06-microm image was converted to a 0.633-microm laser wavelength. The major advantages of this near-IR-to-visible image converter are its high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, coherent- (incoherent-) to-coherent (incoherent) image conversion, up and down wavelength conversion capability, high resolution (>10(5) resolution elements), room-temperature operation, and high damage threshold.
Application-oriented document processing supported by knowledge database (2005)

Computer-automatic or computer-aided document generation is highly desired in applications. Because it can implement standardized document management, establish new workflows and working modes, improve work efficiency and accelerate the process of enterprise information. In this paper a framework, with a new document structure description language - DSDL language, a syntax model and a semantic model, for application-oriented document processing supported by knowledge database is proposed. Using this framework, we have implemented a prototype system and successfully run many examples. The work in this paper also uses machine learning method to provide most of the information for document generation.
Intravascular brachytherapy physics: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 60 (1999)

Recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that irradiation using ionizing radiation in the dose range of 15 to 30 Gy may reduce the occurrence of restenosis in patients who have undergone an angioplasty. Several delivery systems of intravascular brachytherapy have been developed to deliver radiation doses in this range with minimal normal tissue toxicity. In late 1995 the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) formed a task group to investigate these issues and to report the current state of the art of intravascular brachytherapy physics. The report of this task group is presented here.
Fibre dispersion compensation using a chirpedin-fibre Bragg grating (1994)

A linearly chirped in-fibre Bragg grating has been used to compensate for the pulse broadening arising from negative group-delay dispersion in singlemode optical fibre. Numerical simulations of the fibre and the Bragg grating produce good agreement with the experiment.
Classification of acceleration waveform in a continuous walking record (2002)

We attempted to distinguish walking on level ground from walking on a stairway using a waist acceleration signal. A triaxial accelerometer was fixed to the waist and the three acceleration signals were recorded by a portable data logger at a sampling rate of 256 Hz. Twenty healthy male subjects were asked to walk through a corridor, or up and down a stairway continuously without any instruction. The data were analyzed using discrete wavelet transform. Walking patterns were classified according to two steps. At the first step, the times when walking pattern changed were detected using the low-frequency component of the anterio-posterior acceleration (LF/sub A/) and of the vertical acceleration (LF/sub V/). At the second step, three types of walking patterns were distinguished by comparing powers of wavelet coefficients in the vertical direction (P/sub WCV/) and in the anterio-posterior direction (P/sub WCA/). Changes in walking patterns could be detected by using both LF/sub A/ and LF/sub V/. Walking down stairs could be distinguished from the other types of walking by the largest value in P/sub WCV/ and walking up stairs could be discriminated from level walking by P/sub WCA/. Level and stairway walking could be distinguished by waist acceleration.
First-in-Human Molecular Imaging of HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer Metastases Using the <sup>111</sup>In-ABY-025 Affibody Molecule (2014)

(111)In-ABY-025 appears safe for use in humans and is a promising noninvasive tool for discriminating HER2 status in metastatic breast cancer, regardless of ongoing HER2-targeted antibody treatment.
Miniaturized real-time PCR system: Toward smart diagnostic device for point-of-care food pathogens DNA analyze (2008)

Human illnesses caused by food pathogen are cost-generating problem in societies all over the world. The portable, sensitive and cheap devices for rapid detection of these pathogen are in great interest of many research groups. In this paper the description and first results of test of a miniaturized system for detection of common food pathogens by a real-time PCR is presented. The novel fluorescence optical readout instrumentation has been applied. The unique coupling of CCD-based microdetectors array and expertise software enables detection of DNA in ng/ml range. The ral-time PCR of Campylobacter jejuni DNA has been successfully carried out.
Effect of Ti on Aging Characteristics and Strength of Cu-Cr <I>in situ</I> Composite (1998)

Effect of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-15 mass%Cr alloy was investigated. The main results are summarized as follows:(1) Dislocations introduced by cold working were accumulated in the Cu matrix, which leads to the formation of band structure.(2) Tensile strength of cold rolled specimen follows the Hall-Petch relation and was inversely proportional to the root square of thickness of Cu phase, d.(3) Hardening by aging treatment occurs owing to the precipitation of Cr and Ti in Cu matrix and also to the precipitation Ti in Cr fiber.(4) A linear relation between the tensile strength and hardness exits for the cold worked and aged specimens, but the linearity constant is quite different between them.(5) A good combination of tensile strength higher than 1000 MPa and electrical conductivity higher than 70%IACS was obtained by cold working to η=6.9 and aging at 748 K for 1 h.
Heat capacity and other thermodynamic properties of linear macromolecules X. Update of the ATHAS 1980 Data Bank (1991)

The prior published ATHAS 1980 Data Bank of experimental heat capacities of linear macromolecules that included critically reviewed material on almost 100 polymers is updated. In addition, the data bank has been computerized so that future updates can be made continuously, and new print-outs or computer files will be available from the authors from, 1990 on.
On the correlation between NBTI, SILC, and flicker noise (2012)

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) is suspected to be linked to various other MOSFET phenomena. We report measurements of increased drain current noise, increased gate leakage current, and decreased recoverable threshold voltage shift after multiple cycles of negative bias temperature stress and relaxation for three different technologies. We also find that stress conditions have to be carefully selected, otherwise oxide breakdown will be erroneously interpreted as a correlation between NBTI, noise and gate leakage. Finally, the implications of our findings on the modelling of oxide defects are highlighted.
Four newly located pseudouridylate residues in Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal RNA are all at the peptidyltransferase center: Analysis by the application of a new sequencing technique (1993)

A new technique has been developed for the facile location of pseudouridylate (psi) residues in any RNA molecule. The method uses two known modification procedures which in combination uniquely identify U residues which have been converted into psi. The first procedure involves reaction of all U-like and G-like residues with N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4-methylmorpholinium)ethylcarbodiimide p-tosylate (CMC), followed by alkaline removal of all CMC groups except those linked to the N3 of psi. This stops reverse transcription, resulting in a gel band which identifies the U residue. The second procedure is uridine-specific hydrazinolysis which cleaves the RNA chain at all U residues and produces a gel band upon reverse transcription. psi residues, being resistant to hydrazinolysis, are not cleaved and do not stop reverse transcription. This leads to the absence of a band at psi residues. The combined method can also distinguish psi from 5-methyluridine, 4-thiouridine, uridine-5-oxyacetic acid, and 2-thio-5-methylaminomethyluridine as shown by treating rRNA and tRNA species known to contain these modified bases at defined sites. By this procedure, four new sites for psi in Escherichia coli 23S RNA were discovered, and one was disproven. The four new sites are at positions 2457, 2504, 2580, and 2605. The erroneous site is at position 2555. These four new psi residues, which are all in or within 2-3 residues of the peptidyltransferase ring, are thus in a position to play a functional and/or structural role at the peptidyltransferase center.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurement technique for eddy-current arrays (1990)

In eddy-current arrays employing large numbers of coil elements, a sensitive, fast measurement system employing the minimum of hardware components is required. A novel technique, which meets the above criteria and which is directly compatible with digital technology, is described. It relies on the generation of transient waveforms obtained when the initial current oscillation in the test coil is switched through a high resistive load. Amplitude and time measurements taken on these waveforms yield results which are sensitive to coil lift-off changes and flaw presence. The absolute coil impedance can also be found. An equivalent circuit is used to analyse the system transients, allowing a comparison to be made between the modelled waveforms and those obtained by experiment.
Storm@twitter (2014)

This paper describes the use of Storm at Twitter. Storm is a real-time fault-tolerant and distributed stream data processing system. Storm is currently being used to run various critical computations in Twitter at scale, and in real-time. This paper describes the architecture of Storm and its methods for distributed scale-out and fault-tolerance. This paper also describes how queries (aka. topologies) are executed in Storm, and presents some operational stories based on running Storm at Twitter. We also present results from an empirical evaluation demonstrating the resilience of Storm in dealing with machine failures. Storm is under active development at Twitter and we also present some potential directions for future work.
Extraction of a Plasma Time-Activity Curve From Dynamic Brain PET Images Based on Independent Component Analysis (2005)

A compartment model has been used for kinetic analysis of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) data [e.g., 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)]. The input function of the model [the plasma time-activity curve (pTAC)] was obtained by serial arterial blood sampling. It is of clinical interest to develop a method for PET studies that estimates the pTAC without needing serial arterial blood sampling. For this purpose, we propose a new method to extract the pTAC from the dynamic brain PET images using a modified independent component analysis [extraction of the pTAC using independent component analysis (EPICA). Source codes of EPICA are freely available at http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/ũkimura/Software/top.html]. EPICA performs the appropriate preprocessing and independent component analysis (ICA) using an objective function that takes the various properties of the pTAC into account. After validation of EPICA by computer simulation, EPICA was applied to human brain FDG-PET studies. The results imply that the EPICA-estimated pTAC was similar to the actual measured pTAC, and that the estimated blood volume image was highly correlated with the blood volume image measured using 15O-CO inhalation. These results demonstrated that EPICA is useful for extracting the pTAC from dynamic PET images without the necessity of serial arterial blood sampling.