gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenylpropanoids as naturally occurring antioxidants: from plant defense to human health. (2007)

Phenylpropanoids (PPs) belong to the largest group of secondary metabolites produced by plants, mainly, in response to biotic or abiotic stresses such as infections, wounding, UV irradiation, exposure to ozone, pollutants, and other hostile environmental conditions. It is thought that the molecular basis for the protective action of phenylpropanoids in plants is their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. These numerous phenolic compounds are major biologically active components of human diet, spices, aromas, wines, beer, essential oils, propolis, and traditional medicine. Last few years, much interest has been attracted to natural and synthetic phenylpropanoids for medicinal use as antioxidant, UV screens, anticancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antibacterial agents. They are of great interest for cosmetic and perfume industries as active natural ingredients. In the present review, the metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants and the mechanism of phenylpropanoid-mediated plant defense are described. Learning from plants, free radical-driven, molecular and cellular processes modulated by phenylpropanoids in human cell cultures in vitro and in the in vivo animal models of tumors, inflammation, and cellular damage are also reviewed.
Tautomerism of 1-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one: theoretical calculations, solid and solution NMR studies and X-ray crystallography (1998)

To gain a better understanding of the tautomerism of 1-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 2, different studies were performed. In order to simulate the gas phase, several MO calculations at the semiempirical (AM1 and PM3) and abinitio (HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G*) levels were carried out on the different tautomers of this compound and on those of the corresponding 1-phenyl derivative 4. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded in solution for compound 2. Finally, to investigate the solid state, 13C CPMAS NMR studies and the crystal structure analysis of this pyrazolinone and that of its isomer [1-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)-3-hydroxy-5-methylpyrazole, 3, whose chemical structure was incorrectly reported in the literature] were performed. In solution, the most abundant tautomer for both pyrazolinones, 2 and 4, depends on the solvent used. For compound 2 it was found that the CH tautomer was the most stable in the gas and solid states as opposed to its 1-phenyl analogue, which appears as the CH form in the gas phase and as NH and OH tautomers in the crystal.
Lingual Lipase and Its Role in the Digestion of Dietary Lipid (1973)

The serous glands of rat tongue were found to contain a potent lipolytic enzyme which hydrolyzed triglyceride to mostly diglyceride and free fatty acids (FFA) at pH 4.5-5.4. Homogenates of lingual serous glands from adult rats hydrolyzed 40-70 mmol of triglyceride/g per h. The soft palate, anterior oral pharyngeal wall, and lateral oral pharyngeal glands also contained the activity, but at a much lower level. The lipolytic activity was also found in saliva collected through an esophageal cannula and in stomach contents of rats fed a fat-rich meal. The stomach contained very little activity, however, when saliva was excluded. Lipolytic activity was not found in the stomach wall or in the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The findings suggest that the lingual serous glands secrete a lipase which catalyzes in the stomach the conversion of triglyceride to partial glycerides and FFA. It is proposed that this reaction is the first step in the digestion of dietary lipid.
Sweat electrolytes in patients with advanced renal failure. (1994)

The sweat gland has some similarity with the convoluted tubules of the kidney. Little is known about sweat secretion and electrolyte content of sweat in the uremic gland. A pilocarpine ionotophoresis sweat test was performed in 40 patients with advanced renal failure (RF). Sweat secretion was measured and analyzed for Na, K, and Cl and correlated to blood parameters, type, and duration of dialysis. The sweat weight was significantly lower in all RF patients when compared with this parameter in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). No difference was noted between patients undergoing hemodialysis, those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and those not undergoing dialysis. Men sweated more than women among RF patients and among controls (p < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was found between sweat weight and blood calcium levels (p < 0.001). Sweat K concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with RF than in healthy controls, while the concentrations of Na and Cl were similar. Several mechanisms are suggested as possible explanations for these changes.
All-angle beam refocusing in nonuniform triangular photonic crystal slabs (2007)

Negative ray refraction in optimized nonuniform triangular 2D photonic crystal slabs is used for efficient far-field refocusing of a point source. It is shown by numerical simulations that photonic crystal slabs with thicknesses between 10 and 0.6μm in conjunction with proposed superstructure transitions are able to refocus a point source diffraction limited with efficiencies of up to 97%.
Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake of Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Positron Emission Tomography: New Contrary Data on Prognostic Role (2007)

As expected, tumor stage is prognostic in NSCLC. However, tumor FDG uptake does not provide additional prognostic information. This prospective study contradicts prior reports.
Optical characteristics of refractive-index-matching diffusion layer in organic light-emitting diodes (2019)

We developed a diffusion layer with a refractive index-matching layer added to a transparent nanoscale polymer-based structure to obtain its effective scattering effects. The diffusion layer had higher haze when the refractive index-matching layer to a higher refractive index was used. This diffusion layer was applied to conventional organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and micro-cavity OLEDs (MC-OLEDs) to evaluate the characteristics. When a diffusion layer was applied to conventional OLEDs, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) was 31.1% higher than that of the device without a diffusion layer due to the reduction of the substrate mode, and the viewing angle characteristic was also improved. Then, when the diffusion layer was applied to the MC-OLEDs, all devices showed similar EQE values regardless of the presence or absence of the diffusion layer, and the viewing-angle-dependent characteristics were greatly improved by the diffusion layer. Furthermore, when the diffusion layer was used with polarizer film, the black color implementation was not affected by the polarizer film, proving that it is applicable to actual OLED display products.
Bacterial inhibition by electrical activation of percutaneous silver implants (1986)

Percutaneous silver wire implants were looped through the dorsal skin of rats and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus to test the effect on bacteria in the tract. The silver was activated with four brief daily applications of anodic microcurrent. Contralateral 316L stainless steel implants, identically inoculated, served as controls. Cultures from the silver tracts showed a marked reduction or elimination of bacteria, which persisted for the 3-week study period. In tracts with colonization established for 1 week, subsequent electrical activation of the silver also suppressed the bacteria. Inflammatory reactions at 3 weeks were mild at both the silver and stainless implants and no giant cells or toxicity were seen. This suggests that electrically activated silver may be useful in preventing or treating infection at percutaneous devices.
Multistage Continuous Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal (MSMPR) Crystallization with Solids Recycle (2015)

Continuous crystallization process has potential advantages such as lower cost and improved flexibility in pharmaceutical production when compared to batch crystallization. A good continuous crystallization process should achieve a high product yield and purity comparable to current batch crystallization processes. For compounds that have low growth rates, a high yield is difficult to achieve without long residence times. Solids recycle is a potential solution for this problem as it can increase the surface area of crystals in the crystallizer thus increasing the mass deposition rate. In this study, solids recycle was used in a two-stage continuous mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) cooling crystallization. Manual solids recycle and the use of a designed column for automatic slurry concentration were employed. The crystallization of cyclosporine, which has very low growth rate (about 0.1 μm/min) at low temperatures in acetone, showed only 65.0% yield in a two-stage MSMPR without solids recycle. With solids recycle to the second stage and both stages, 75.3% and 79.8% in yield were achieved, respectively. The product purity remained the same, while the yield was enhanced. A population balance model was developed to estimate the final yield of continuous process with solids recycle. The simulation results showed that optimization in stage number, stage temperatures, and solids recycle ratios could improve the yield to 83.9% in four-stage MSMPR crystallization with solids recycle. This yield was close to the batch yield at equilibrium, i.e., 86.0%.
Faraday effect optical current clamp using a bulk-glass sensing element (1993)

A new topology for an openable Faraday current sensor is presented with a demonstrated resolution of 7.2 mA/ radicalHz over a measurement range from 1 to 1500 A. The sensitivity of the system is 2.21 x 10(-5) rad/A. Since this sensor is fabricated in an openable form, emulating a conventional current clamp, it can be used either in permanent installations or for short-term diagnostic studies.
Metallography and Microstructures of Low-Carbon and Coated Steels (2004)

Abstract This article reviews various phases and constituents found in the microstructures of low-carbon and coated steels. It provides information on the criteria for selecting proper metallographic procedures. Techniques used to prepare metallographic specimens of low-carbon steels and coated steels, such as sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching, are discussed. The article also reviews the simple and proven manual sample preparation techniques of coated steel specimens.
Acoustic holography in air with an electronic reference (1967)

This letter describes the formation of acoustic holograms retaining the properties of holograms made by the Leith-Upatneiks method without requiring the use of an acoustic reference wave. Holograms are recorded by scanning a linear transducer over an inclined plane; the phase reference is synthesized electronically in the receiver. Experimental results in air at 25 kHz are described.
Watching a DNA polymerase in action (2014)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: DNA repairmutagenesissubstrate channelingDNA polymerasepryophosphorolysistime-lapse crystallographyThis article is related to:
Content-based Transformations (2003)

Content processing is a vast and growing field that integrates different approaches borrowed from the signal processing, information retrieval and machine learning disciplines. In this article we deal with a particular type of content processing: the so-called content-based transformations. We will not focus on any particular application but rather try to give an overview of different techniques and conceptual implications. We first describe the transformation process itself, including the main model schemes that are commonly used, which lead to the establishment of the formal basis for a definition of content-based transformations. Then we take a quick look at a general spectral based analysis/synthesis approach to process audio signals and how to extract features that can be used in the content-based transformation context. Using this analysis/synthesis approach we give some examples on how content-based transformations can be applied to modify the basic perceptual axis of a sound and how we can even combine different basic effects in order to perform more meaningful transformations. We finish by going a step further in the abstraction ladder and present transformations that are related to musical (and thus symbolic) properties rather than to those of the sound or the signal itself.
Geometry and Strain Dependence of the Proton Radiation Behavior of MuGFET Devices (2007)

The proton irradiation effects on n-MuGFET devices with three different geometries (single fin, wide fin and multiple fin) are studied. Also, the effect of tensile strain in the fin on the radiation behavior is investigated. A fundamental difference in the radiation behavior between the non-strained and the strained devices is found. The degradation of the strained devices is most affected by the mobility decrease of the backside transistor. The non-strained devices show a much lesser back gate mobility degradation. For these devices the creation of positive oxide traps is dominant. This shifts the onset of the back channel to lower gate voltages, inducing a transconductance increase at intermediate gate voltages. This effect is less pronounced for single fin MuGFETs. At higher gate voltage, the transconductance decreases for the strained and increases for the non-strained transistors.
Artificial Insemination with Canine Semen Stored at a Low Temperature. (2003)

Cooled canine semen solutions for storage were investigated with three stock solutions: egg yolk-citrate-glycine-glucose solution, egg yolk Tris-fructose citrate solution (EYT-FC), and egg yolk sodium citrate dihydrate solution (EYCD). For the control group, the second fraction of semen was examined. Nine male beagles and 37 female (47 experimental cases) beagles for artificial insemination (AI) were used. The qualities of semen stored at 4 degrees C deteriorated earlier in the control and EYCD groups. In the other two groups, sperm motility was 60% or higher after storage for 6 days and 20% or higher after storage for 12 days. On a comparison of these two groups, the sperm motility and viability were slightly higher in the EYT-FC group. A high conception rate was obtained by AI using semen stored at a low temperature for a maximum of two days in the control group and four days in the EYT-FC group.
ECPKS: An Improved Location-Aware Key Management Scheme in Static Sensor Networks (2008)

A location-aware scheme uses a priori knowledge of the deployed sensor nodes of some target field in a sensor network. Such location-aware schemes improve substantially higher network connectivity and resilience against node captures if the deployment error between the actual and expected locations of the deployed sensor nodes is smaller. The ideas of using pre-deployment and post-deployment knowledges for the key pre-distribution techniques in a sensor network are two mutually orthogonal techniques. Therefore, it may be desirable to combine them together to provide better performances. In this paper, we propose a scheme which takes advantages of both pre-deployment and post-deployment knowledges of the deployed sensor nodes in a sensor network. Our scheme significantly improves the performance of establishing pairwise keys between neighbor sensor nodes than the existing previous key pre-distribution schemes. Moreover, it provides a better trade-off among network connectivity, communication overhead, computational overhead, storage requirement and security against node capture than the existing schemes. In addition, it supports addition of new sensor nodes after the initial deployment of sensor nodes and also works for any deployment topology.
Scalable recommendation with hierarchical Poisson factorization (2015)

We develop hierarchical Poisson matrix factor-ization (HPF), a novel method for providing users with high quality recommendations based on implicit feedback, such as views, clicks, or purchases. In contrast to existing recommen-dation models, HPF has a number of desirable properties. First, we show that HPF more accu-rately captures the long-tailed user activity found in most consumption data by explicitly consider-ing the fact that users have finite attention bud-gets. This leads to better estimates of users ’ la-tent preferences, and therefore superior recom-mendations, compared to competing methods. Second, HPF learns these latent factors by only explicitly considering positive examples, elimi-nating the often costly step of generating arti-ficial negative examples when fitting to implicit data. Third, HPF is more than just one method— it is the simplest in a class of probabilistic models with these properties, and can easily be extended to include more complex structure and assump-tions. We develop a variational algorithm for ap-proximate posterior inference for HPF that scales up to large data sets, and we demonstrate its per-formance on a wide variety of real-world recom-mendation problems—users rating movies, lis-tening to songs, reading scientific papers, and reading news articles. 1
Simple Methylol Determination (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple Methylol DeterminationR MartinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 6, 883–884Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60054a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60054a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement Of Marine Seismic Data As A Result Of Source Signature Studies (1978)

ABSTRACT A typical marine signature results from the combination of source signature, source and receiver ghosts, receiver array response, and recording instrument response. In the time domain, these elements are combined by convolution to form the signature. In the frequency domain, they are combined by multiplication of their amplitude spectra and addition of their phase spectra. These components are Illustrated individually in both domains. Each of the component elements of the signature Is band limited in some way and thus degrades the resolution of the data. Some of these elements may also degrade the depth of penetration of the data by limiting its low frequency content. Certain data acquisition parameters should therefore be carefully tailored to suit the objectives of the survey. When the signatures associated with seismic data sets are known, it is possible in processing to use this knowledge to enhance the resolution of the data. It is advantageous to attempt this improvement in two separate steps. First, the phase spectrum of the seismic wavelet may be reduced to zero with an appropriate all-pass filter. In the second step, an attempt is made to broaden the amplitude spectrum. This step is usually more difficult. Due to the limitations inherent in the acquisition of the data, there is an unavoidable trade off between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, efforts to broaden the spectrum tend to degrade this ratio, In spite of this limitation, careful spectral balancing can produce remarkable results. These effects are displayed with illustrations from real data. INTRODUCTION In true first part of this paper we will describe a typical marine seismic wavelet, showing how it may be synthesized from field measurements. We will then explore ways in which this knowledge of the wavelet can be exploited to improve resolution in seismic data, both in the acquisition and processing phases. Finally, we will show an example of real data illustrating these improvements. The term "signature" as used in this paper will refer to the shape of the acoustic pulse radiated by the seismic source as modified by source and receiver ghosts, receiver array, and recording instruments. Specifically excluded from this definition are reverberations, multiples or any periodicities associated with the water bottom or subsurface layering. By the term "ghost" we mean the reflection of an upgoing wave at the sea-air surface. "Near-field" will mean less than one wavelength distant from the source. "Far-field" will mean many wavelengths distant. A TYPICAL MARINE SIGNATURE In Figure 1 we see a typical marine signature or wavelet. The energy source was an array of 6 airguns consisting of 3 airguns of 300 cu.in. size and 3 air guns of 540 cu.in. size. Two airguns of each size were equipped with bubble suppression devices and one airgun of each size was without the bubble suppressor. The airguns were pressurized to 2000 psi.
Uptake, penetration, and binding of monoclonal antibodies with increasing affinity in human osteosarcoma multicell spheroids. (1998)

The antibodies might be useful in radioimmunotherapy of micrometastases.
Preparation, Properties, and Applications of n‐Pentenyl Arabinofurnosyl Donors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immediately loaded titanium implant with a tissue‐stabilizing/maintaining design (‘beyond platform switch’) retrieved from man after 4 weeks: a histological and histomorphometrical evaluation. A case report (2008)

Abutments smaller than the diameter of the implant body (platform switching) in combination with an absence of micromovement and microgap may protect the peri-implant soft and mineralized tissues, explaining the observed absence of bone resorption. Immediate loading did not interfere with bone formation and did not have adverse effects on osseointegration.
Nicotine stimulates secretion of both catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells (1983)

There is conflicting evidence from studies on sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla concerning the morphological and biochemical localization and physiological role(s) of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, the origin of the AChE released from the adrenal medulla (whether from chromaffin cells or splanchnic nerve, or both) has not been firmly established. We have examined the efficacy of cholinergic agonists to release endogenous AChE and catecholamines (CA) from monolayer cultures of purified bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The nicotinic agonist (nicotine), but not the muscarinic agonist (methacholine), released both AChE and CA from the adrenal chromaffin cells. The concomitant release of CA and AChE evoked by nicotine was Ca++ dependent with a correlation coefficient r = 0.82 (p less than 0.001). The results show that adrenal chromaffin cells in vitro, a system free of splanchnic nerve elements, can still release AChE. The finding that concomitant release of AChE and catecholamines occurs on exposure of the cells to nicotinic agonists suggests that released AChE may have a physiological role at neuroeffector junctions.