gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Updating the Land Cover Map Using Satellite Data. In Order to Integrated Management of Natural Resources (2008)

Having updated spatial data from natural resources is essential for their integrated management. Latest available related data in our country, are land cover maps, (produced by Forest, Range and Watershed organization (FRWO)) and range type maps (produced by Research Institute of Forest and Range (RIFR)) which are published gradually till 2004, emphasizing on fieldwork. Considering some contradictions in mentioned maps and the necessity of coordination and uniformity of the land cover data in natural resources areas, leads to definition of this project by FRWO. The aim of this study was updating the existent land cover map and producing the range type map via joining them. Surveying the 8 sheets of 1:250000 maps (12 million ha) which are situated in the central part of Iran, has been given to Yekom consulting engineers. At first TERRA-Aster and IRS1D-LISSIII satellite data acquired in 2001-2005 were Orthorectified with RMSE less than 1 pixel. Then appropriate spectral and spatial transformations were carried out on images. These images were interpreted using interpretation pattern derived from GCPs (a control point per 30000 ha) and other ancillary data. On-screen digitizing method was performed to edit the boundaries of primary land cover map. By doing a complementary fieldwork, as a final check probable mistakes and uncertainties had remedied. The produced final map was overlaid with the range type map and range types were transferred into the range polygons in the mentioned map. In dissimilar areas, the fieldwork determines the type of the range. The final outputs of the project are cartographic maps, database of rangeland and the final report.
AUTOMATIC LINE MATCHING AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS FROM MULTIPLE VIEWS (1999)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Web Scraping: State-of-the-Art and Areas of Application (2019)

Main objective of Web Scraping is to extract information from one or many websites and process it into simple structures such as spreadsheets, database or CSV file. However, in addition to be a very complicated task, Web Scraping is resource and time consuming, mainly when it is carried out manually. Previous studies have developed several automated solutions. The purpose of this article is to revisit the different existing Web Scraping approaches, categories, and tools, but also its areas of application.
JACK: a toolkit for manipulating articulated figures (1988)

The problem of positioning and manipulating three dimensional articulated figures is often handled by ad hoc techniques which are cumbersome to use. In this paper, we describe a system which provides a consistent and flexible user interface to a complex representation for articulated figures in a 3D environment. Jack is a toolkit of routines for displaying and manipulating complex geometric figures, and it provides a method of interactively manipulating arbitrary homogeneous transformations with a mouse. These transformations may specify the position and orientation of figures within a scene or the joint transformations within the figures themselves. Jack combines this method of 3D input with a flexible and informative screen management facility to provide a user-friendly interface for manipulating three dimensional objects.
[Characterization of arterial stenosis using 3D imaging. Comparison of 3 imaging techniques (MRI, spiral CT and 3D DSA) and 4 display methods (MIP, SR, MPVR, VA) by using physical phantoms)]. (1999)

Even though 3D DSA is the most accurate acquisition technique for visualization, the combined use of SR and MPVR appears to be the best compromise to describe the morphology and degree of stenosis. Further improvements in automatic 3D image processing could offer a better understanding and increased possibilities for assessing arterial stenosis.
An Advanced Synthetic Image Generation Model and its Application to Multi/Hyperspectral Algorithm Development (1999)

RÉSUMÉLa nécessité de disposer d'ensembles de données robustes pour le développement et la mise au point d'algorithmes a suscité un intérêt pour les images synthétiques en tant que supplément aux images réelles. Les algorithmes avancés s'appuient fortement sur les images synthétiques pour reproduire à la fois les caractéristiques spectro-radiométriques et spatiales des images réelles. Cet article décrit un modèle de génération d'image synthétique (SIG) visant à inclure les processus radiométriques qui affectent la formation et la capture d'images spectrales. En particulier, il s'intéresse aux développements récents dans le domaine de la modélisation SIG qui tentent de capturer la corrélation spatiale/spectrale inhérente aux images réelles. On met en relief les besoins du processus SIG à l'aide de deux algorithmes avancés faisant appel aux images SIG en support au développement d'algorithmes.
Cost & effect: using integrated cost systems to drive profitability and performance (1998)

Preface 1. Introduction: Cost and Performance Management Systems 2. Four-Stage Model for Designing Cost and Performance Measurement Systems 3. Stage II: Standard Cost and Flexible Budgeting Systems Appendix: GPK Cost System 4. Stage III Systems for Learning and Improvement: Upgrading and Supplementing Standard Cost Systems 5. Stage III Systems for Learning and Improvement: Kaizen Costing and Pseudo-Profit Centers 6. Activity-Based Costing: Introduction Appendix: ABC Activity and Process Dictionary 7. Measuring the Cost of Resource Capacity 8. Activity-Based Management: Operational Applications Appendix: Value- and Non-Value-Added Activities 9. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Product Mix and Pricing 10. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Customers 11. Strategic Activity-Based Management: Supplier Relationships and Product Development Appendix: Target Costing 12. ABC in Service Industries 13. Extending Activity-Based Cost Systems 14. Stage IV: Integrating ABC with Enterprise-Wide Systems 15. Stage IV: Using ABC for Budgeting and Transfer Pricing Notes Index About the Authors
Efficacy of Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation in Circumferential Interbody Fusions As Compared to Pedicle Screw Fixation (2006)

The success of translaminar facet screws in circumferential fusions is justified.
Tunable magnetoresistance behavior in suspended graphitic multilayers through ion implantation (2011)

We report a tunable magnetoresistance (MR) behavior in suspended graphitic multilayers through point-defect engineering by ion implantation. We find that ion implantation drastically changes the MR behavior: the linear positive MR in pure graphitic multilayers transforms into a negative MR after introducing significant short-range disorders (implanted boron or carbon atoms), consistent with recent non-Markovian transport theory. Our experiments suggest the important role of the non-Markovian process in the intriguing MR behavior for graphitic systems, and open a new window for understanding transport phenomena beyond the Drude-Boltzmann approach and tailoring the electronic properties of graphitic layers.
CP-101606 Pfizer Inc. (2000)

CP-101606 is a potent, selective NMDA receptor (NR2B subunit) antagonist under development by Pfizer for its potential as a neuroprotectant in head injury and neurodegenerative disease. It is in phase II trials in the US and in phase I in Japan for the potential treatment of head injury [267139], [320737], [378812]. As of March 2000, CP-101606 had completed US phase I trials successfully and was well tolerated with a good safety profile. Results of an open-label study in patients treated with CP-101606 (24 to 72 h infusion) following severe head trauma showed that 80% of patients had good recovery at the 3-month follow-up stage [360864]. In August 2000, Merrill Lynch predicted that the phase II trials program could be complete by the end of 2000 with the possibility of a filing based on its results if positive [379892]. The drug lacks the amnesic side effects of other NMDA receptor antagonists and it has no effects on long-term potentiation (LTP) [347642]. According to presenters at the 1999 Society for Neuroscience meeting, this may result from a novel activity-dependent or NR2B-selective mechanism of action [345079]. It is thought to act by inhibiting the damaging influx of Ca2+ across neuronal cell membranes following glutamate release triggered by tissue injury, e.g., stroke [300847]. CP-101606 prevents glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons when given during or immediately after glutamate perfusion, (IC50 = 11 and 35 nM, respectively). In contrast, CP-101606 does not protect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar neurons, up to a dose of 10 microM. These results are consistent with CP-101606 being a potent NMDA antagonist, selective for the type of NMDA receptor associated with the hippocampus [195435]. CP-101606 is a single isomer analog of CP-98113 (Pfizer Inc) [254010]. CP-101581 (Pfizer Inc) is an isomer of CP-101606 [254010]. In December 1998, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter predicted sales of US $5 million in 2001, rising to US $80 million by 2005 [315350].
Smac mimetics synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to promote tumour immunity against glioblastoma (2017)

Small-molecule inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) antagonists, called Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs), sensitize tumours to TNF-α-induced killing while simultaneously blocking TNF-α growth-promoting activities. SMCs also regulate several immunomodulatory properties within immune cells. We report that SMCs synergize with innate immune stimulants and immune checkpoint inhibitor biologics to produce durable cures in mouse models of glioblastoma in which single agent therapy is ineffective. The complementation of activities between these classes of therapeutics is dependent on cytotoxic T-cell activity and is associated with a reduction in immunosuppressive T-cells. Notably, the synergistic effect is dependent on type I IFN and TNF-α signalling. Furthermore, our results implicate an important role for TNF-α-producing cytotoxic T-cells in mediating the anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors when combined with SMCs. Overall, this combinatorial approach could be highly effective in clinical application as it allows for cooperative and complimentary mechanisms in the immune cell-mediated death of cancer cells.
Analysis of 130 cases with diabetes and hypertension (2011)

Objective: To investigate the treatment of hypertension with diabetes.Methods: A total of 130 diabetes patients complicated with hypertension served observation group.All patients were given Lotensin combined with catalytic sodium besides reasonable diet and hypoglycemic drug.They were followed up for 12 months.And the changes of blood pressure,sodium,potassium,cholesterol and cardiovascular changes were observed.Results: After treatment,blood pressure of all patients were significantly declined(P0.05).The total efficacy was 94.6%(123/130).There were no significant changes in serum levels of sodium,potassium,and total cholesterol(P0.05).A total of 3 patients had angina,2 cases had cerebral infarction,2 cases had cerebral hemorrhage,and cardiovascular event rate was 5.4%.Conclusions: Sodium Lotensin combined with Lotensin is effective on diabetes complicated with hypertension.
Standardized evaluation methodology for 2-D-3-D registration (2005)

In the past few years, a number of two-dimensional (2-D) to three-dimensional (3-D) (2-D-3-D) registration algorithms have been introduced. However, these methods have been developed and evaluated for specific applications, and have not been directly compared. Understanding and evaluating their performance is therefore an open and important issue. To address this challenge we introduce a standardized evaluation methodology, which can be used for all types of 2-D-3-D registration methods and for different applications and anatomies. Our evaluation methodology uses the calibrated geometry of a 3-D rotational X-ray (3DRX) imaging system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) in combination with image-based 3-D-3-D registration for attaining a highly accurate gold standard for 2-D X-ray to 3-D MR/CT/3DRX registration. Furthermore, we propose standardized starting positions and failure criteria to allow future researchers to directly compare their methods. As an illustration, the proposed methodology has been used to evaluate the performance of two 2-D-3-D registration techniques, viz. a gradient-based and an intensity-based method, for images of the spine. The data and gold standard transformations are available on the internet (http://www.isi.uu.nl/Research/Databases/).
Effects of WO <sub>3</sub> Particle Size in WO <sub>3</sub> /Epoxy Resin Radiation Shielding Material (2012)

To verify the influence of the functional elements particular size for the radiation attenuation coefficients and mechanical properties radiation shielding material based on epoxy resin, we prepare two WO3/E44 samples with different particular sizes of WO3 by a solidified forming approach. The linear attenuation coefficients of these samples are measured for γ-ray photo energies of 59.6, 121.8, and 344.1 keV, etc. using narrow beam transmission geometry. It is found that the linear attenuation coefficients would increase with the decreasing particle size of the WO3 in the epoxy resin based radiation shielding material. The theoretical values of the linear attenuation coefficients and mass attenuation are calculated using WinXcom, and good agreements between the experimental data and the theoretical values are observed. From the studies of the obtained results, it is reported that from the shielding point of view the nano-WO3 is more effective than micro-WO3 in the epoxy resin based radiation shielding material.
Influence of the Chemical Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Materials on Their Biomedical Activity (2011)

Influence of the Chemical Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Materials on Their Biomedical Activity
Modification and Tuning of the Universal Okumura-Hata Model for Radio Wave Propagation Predictions (2007)

In this paper, a new definition is proposed for the transmitter antenna height of the universal Okumura-Hata model. The parameters of this modified model is tuned based on a Levenberg-Marquardet method. The electric field strength predictions of this modified tuned model is compared with the measurement data obtained by utilizing the IS-95 pilot signal in a commercial CDMA network in the rural Australia.
A multi-classifier image based vacant parking detection system (2013)

With the rapid expansion of major cities, the tremendous increase in the number of vehicles, and the construction of huge buildings and parking areas, there is a need to develop smart parking systems to assist drivers finding the nearest available parking spots. Such systems have witnessed substantial research efforts in developed countries. There are mainly four categories of car parking management systems: counter-based, wired-sensor-based, wireless-sensor-based, and image-based. In this paper, we develop, implement, and test an image-based system for the detection of vacant spaces in a parking area. Following an initial edge detection stage, we combine edge density, closed contour density, and foreground/background pixel ratio, at every car parking spot, to identify whether a car is present or not. Combining the features above results in a robust vacant space detection system at low computational cost.
Analysis of an End Launcher for an X-Band Rectangular Waveguide (1979)

The analysis of an end-launcher type, coaxial-to-rectangular waveguide transition, exciting dominant TE/sub 01/ mode in X-band rectangular waveguide is presented. Expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the input impedance seen by the coaxial line are derived for the general case of an offset launcher using self-reaction of an assumed current over the loop. The dimensions of the combined electric and magnetic loops having low input VSWR in the coaxial line are determined. There is satisfactory agreement between theoretical and experimental results.
Chimeric Tomato Plants Show That Aphid Resistance and Triacylglucose Production Are Epidermal Autonomous Characters (1990)

Joseph C. Goffreda, Eugene J. Szymkowiak, Ian M. Sussex, Martha A. Mutschler, Chimeric Tomato Plants Show That Aphid Resistance and Triacylglucose Production Are Epidermal Autonomous Characters, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 7 (Jul., 1990), pp. 643-649
Ophthalmic Surgical Simulation (2013)

Simulation has been widely used to great effect in many high-risk industries and well validated in a number of medical disciplines. Different forms of medical simulation exist, from traditional wet laboratories, through immersive scenarios, to modern high-fidelity simulation such as virtual reality. What remains unestablished is the exact when, where, and how this technology should fit within recognized ophthalmic training systems. The International Forum of Ophthalmic Simulation is a multinational, multicenter collaborative established to introduce and evaluate virtual-reality simulation through a global cloud of networked simulators. In this article, we detail the modern evolution of virtual-reality simulation in ophthalmology and present the ultimate goal of the profession and the International Forum of Ophthalmic Simulation, which is to develop a virtual-reality program that augments and accelerates surgical training, thereby improving outcomes for trainees, trainers, and patients.
Nanofocusing probe limitations for a ultra-high density optical memory (2004)

The limitation aspects of nanofocusing recording probes are discussed in this paper. The definitions of nanophotonics and nanofocusing are underlined. In this nano-age optical nanophenomena are described for nanometric architectures and nanostructural photonic devices. The nanofocusing probe limitations are connected with the wave-optics diffraction limit, geometrical beam tiny focusing, electromagnetic wave design, fabrication errors, nanoprobe energetic efficiency, near-field air gap and optical disk surface conditions. The micro-structure of the designed near-field optical head is discussed. The obtained nanofocused spot size is about 20 nm for the near-field space. The computed finite differential time domain (FDTD) power density spot is under 200 nm without any optical optimization. The far-field functions have a diffraction limit of 150 nm. The energy intensity can be elevated by more than 70 times in the FDTD calculated focal point using a convex microlens (ML) surface for focusing of a 8 µm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) beam. The optical power density is compressed up to 1024 times to the exact nanofocused spot in comparison with the entrance VCSEL micro-beam. The experimentally fabricated ML arrays and single lenses are presented. The optical quality and ML radius control with an AFM method is fulfilled. The optical integration technology for the proposed nanofocusing probe fabrication is announced. The nanofocusing probe spots are 10–13 nm for the central zone of the ML surface. The merit spot sizes are 10–18 nm for the entire ML nanofocusing diameter. For a single ML nanofocusing near-field head the energy spots have sizes from 9 to 15 nm, limited by technological aberrations.
SALAMANDER: A Distributed Sensor System for Aquatic Environmental Measurements (2008)

This report details a new distributed measurement system, "SALAMANDER, " which stands for serial amphibious linear arrays of micro and nano devices for environmental research. The SALAMANDER platform is designed for a wide range of users, from students to environmental researchers. Modular construction allows users to customize a high spatial density sensor array for fundamental and applied studies of sediment transport. We demonstrate integration of temperature, pressure, flow rate and optical turbidity sensors into a data collection system designed for a two-week battery life. Specifications are given for integrating new sensor types such as sample collectors and chemical sensors for determining the composition of sediment in this multi-year project.
The Promise and Perils of Wide‐Bandgap Semiconductor Nanowires for Sensing, Electronic, and Photonic Applications (2007)

What's next for wires? As reported in this journal and others, enormous research interest currently exists in the preparation and application of semiconductor nanowires, but is there justification for all of this work, particularly in terms of the actual utility of the devices that result? The Essay discusses what might (and might not) be achieved in the near future. The image shows small ZnO nanowires growing from the edge of a larger ZnO nanowire.
Recovering signals from optical fiber interferometric sensors (1991)

This dissertation examines three methods of recovering signals cheaply from one class of highly sensitive Optical Fiber Interferometric Sensors (OFIS). This class of sensors consists of a laser light source; a 2x2 optical fiber coupler to split the beam in two; a differential transducer which converts a signal of interest into optical phase shift in the laser light transmitted through the two optical fibers in the interferometer; and a 3x3 optical fiber coupler which recombines the two beams, producing interference which can be detected electronically. The three outputs can be operated on symmetrically or asymmetrically to recover the signal of interest. The use of the 3x3 coupler permits Passive Homodyne Demodulation of the phase-modulated signals provided by the interferometer without feedback control or modulation of the laser itself and without requiring the use of electronics within the interferometer. One of the three methods discussed in this dissertation performs symmetric demodulation with analog electronics. Another uses analog-to-digital conversion of the signals and performs asymmetric demodulation in digital hardware. The third method discussed uses asymmetric fringe-rate demodulation. The three methods are characterized by their harmonic distortion, minimum detectable signal, bandwidth, dynamic range, noise, complexity, and approximate cost.
Fingertip force and contact position and orientation sensor (2011)

This paper presents a novel integrated system that is composed of a fingerprint sensor and a force sensor to measure contact position and orientation of the fingertip along with the contact force. The system uses fingerprints from the fingerprint sensor to identify the contact position and orientation with fingerprint features such as core point and ridge orientations. The contact position and orientation are represented in a fingerpad coordinate system for grasping studies. An experiment has been designed to evaluate the proposed system in terms of accuracy and resolution with three subjects. The proposed system can be used in human grasping studies to characterize the fingerpad contact.