gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of sugars to ethylene glycol with nickel tungsten carbide in a fed-batch reactor: high productivity and reaction network elucidation (2013)

Bifunctional nickel tungsten carbide catalysis was used for the conversion of aqueous sugar solutions into short-chain polyols such as ethylene glycol. It is shown that very concentrated sugar solutions, viz. up to 0.2 kg L−1, can be converted without loss of ethylene glycol selectivity by gradually feeding the sugar solution. Detailed investigation of the reaction network shows that, under the applied reaction conditions, glucose is converted via a retro-aldol reaction into glycol aldehyde, which is further transformed into ethylene glycol by hydrogenation. The main byproducts are sorbitol, erythritol, glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. They are formed through a series of unwanted side reactions including hydrogenation, isomerisation, hydrogenolysis and dehydration. Hydrogenolysis of sorbitol is only a minor source of ethylene glycol. To assess the relevance of the fed-batch system in biomass conversions, both the influence of the catalyst composition and the reactor setup parameters like temperature, pressure and glucose addition rate were optimized, culminating in ethylene glycol yields up to 66% and separately, volume productivities of nearly 300 gEG L−1 h−1.
Design of Monopulse Antenna Difference Patterns with Low Sidelobes* (1968)

The flexibility of modern monopulse radar antenna systems makes possible the independent optimization of sum and difference patterns. The two parameter difference pattern, developed here for the circular aperature antenna, is designed to have nearly equal sidelobes similar to those of the Taylor sum pattern. The difference pattern is asymptotic to a model difference pattern which has the greatest slope (angle sensitivity) for a given sidelobe level. The model function is unrealizable because it has uniform sidelobes which are infinite in extent. The two parameter difference pattern is realizable and is expressed in a Fourier — Bessel series of N terms in a manner similar to Taylor's treatment of the sum pattern. The other parameter, A, controls sidelobe level. Comprehensive tables of the Fourier — Bessel coefficients are given for both the circular aperture series and the difference pattern series. Directivity and angle sensitivity are investigated and found to have maximum values that decrease as sidelobe level decreases. The monopulse system performance using the asymptotic difference pattern and the Taylor sum pattern compares favorably with a maximum likelihood angle estimation system. Development of a line source difference pattern is presented in the appendix.
Lipopolysaccharides: Structural Principles and Biologic Activities (1984)

Structural principles of the three regions of the lipopolysaccharide molecule are briefly discussed. One of the recently available, chemically synthesized lipid A analogues has been tested for biologic activities. The preparation was found to be toxic, pyrogenic, and mitogenic. The amounts, however, needed for expression of effects similar to those of lipid A were about 500 times higher. These investigations are aimed at verifying the proposed structure of lipid A and at evaluating structure-activity relationships.
Permeability of liposomal membranes composed of unnatural types of synthetic lecithin-analogues. (1978)

Workflow nets are recognized as a modelling paradigm for the business process modelling. We introduce and investigate several correctness notions for workflow nets, ranging from proper termination of cases to their mutual independence. We define refinement operators for nets and investigate preservation of correctness through these operators. This gives rise to a class of nets that are provably correct.
[Results of the active detection and 2-year treatment of arterial hypertension at a polyclinic]. (1982)

Patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in one of out-patient clinics (group I) were actively treated and supervised during two years according to a special programme, the elements of which had been adjusted to the conditions and possibilities of an out-patient clinic. Patients with arterial hypertension in another clinic (group II) were treated in a conventional way by district physicians. This work proves the possibility of taking a complex of active measures against AH in a municipal out-patient clinic, which allows one to improve significantly the aid to patients with AH and to increase the number of patients treated and receiving an adequate treatment.
Spectral Image Acquisition and Analysis of Omnidirectional Scene (2008)

This paper describes a method for spectral image acquisition and analysis of omnidirectional scene. A multi-band omnidirectional imaging system with high spatial resolution is proposed in a simple system. This system consists of an RGB trichromatic digital camera, a fisheye lens, and two color filters of commercial use. First, we describe the practical spectral imaging system and analyze the spatial resolution of the captured images. Second, algorithms are presented for creating HDR omnidirectional images, estimating illuminant spectra, and chromaticity analysis in omnidirectional scene. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed in experiments on natural scenes.
Absence of dc-Conductivity in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:math>-DNA (2000)

The electrical conductivity of biomaterials on a molecular scale is of fundamental interest in the life sciences. We perform first principles electronic structure calculations, which clearly indicate that lambda-DNA chains should present large resistance values. We also present two direct procedures to measure electrical currents through DNA molecules adsorbed on mica. The lower limit for the resistivity is 10(6) Omega . cm, in agreement with our calculations. We also show that low energy electron bombardment induces a rapid contamination and dramatically affects the measured conductivity, thus providing an explanation to recent reports of high DNA conductivity.
Ferroelectrics and their Memory Applications (1956)

For information storage purposes, BaTiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> single crystals were grown, and typical data of the product are presented. Storage condensers using multidomain and c-domain crystals as a dielectric were produced. Memory as well as switching properties were studied with particular reference to their application in a multicondenser memory matrix. A method for testing bistable storage condensers was developed; typical data are presented. A gated, bidirectional pulse transformer circuit was developed, providing pulses of opposite polarity for writing and reading on the matrix leads. This circuit permits increase of the absolute ratio of matrix switching pulses from 2 to 1 to 3 to 1. Sequential, random or simultaneous sequential- and random-scanning of a multicondenser matrix are equally practical.
항공사 Call Center 근무형태 결정을 위한 정수계획법 활용 (2003)

요약 흔녕사의 콜센터(Call Center)는 대표적인 수신전문 콜센터로 다른 어떤 요소보다 인적요소의 비중이 매우큰 조직으로 최적화된 인력투입의 여부가 콜센터 운영의 성패를 가르는 가장 큰 변수라고 할 수 있다 사례 항공사의 콜센터에서는 매시점별 투입인력의 을 결정하고， 이를 충족시키기 위한 인력의 배치툴 위해 여러 가지의 근무 형태(shift)뼈를 설정하여 운영하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 일련의 과정이 업무 담당자의 경험을 바탕으로 하고 있어 최적의 인력투입 모댈의 설계가 불가능하고 경우에 따라서는 비효율적인 인력투입의 사례가 발생될 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 단위시간당 투입필요 인원수에 따라 근무조(shift)뼈를 편성하기 위해 정수계획모델(integer programming model)을 설계하고 최적해를 구함으로써 효율적인 인력운영을 위한 과학적인 근무조(shift)편성 방법을 제시하였다.
Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability) (2003)

1. Sally E. Shaywitz, MD*
2. Bennett A. Shaywitz, MD†


 

1. *Professor of Pediatrics and Co-Director, NICHD-Yale Center for the Study of Learning and Attention

2. †Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology and Co-Director, NICHD-Yale Center for the Study of Learning and Attention, New Haven, CT

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Define dyslexia and its relationship to intelligence.

2. Distinguish dyslexia from other disorders that feature reading difficulties.

3. Describe the process of diagnosing dyslexia.

4. Characterize the management of dyslexia.

5. Discuss the prognosis of dyslexia.

Developmental dyslexia is characterized by an unexpected difficulty in reading in children and adults who otherwise possess the intelligence and motivation considered necessary for accurate and fluent reading. Historically, dyslexia initially was noted in adults in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and developmental dyslexia first was reported in children in 1896. In the 1920s, it was believed that defects in the visual system were to blame for the reversals of letters and words thought to typify dyslexia. Subsequent research has shown, however, that in contrast to a popular myth, children who have dyslexia are not unusually prone to seeing letters or words backwards. Rather, they have significant difficulty in naming the letters, often calling a “b” a “d” or reading “saw” as “was.” The problem is linguistic, not visual.

Dyslexia represents one of the most common problems affecting children and adults; the prevalence in the United States is estimated to be 5% to 17% of school-age children, with as many as 40% reading below grade level. Dyslexia (or specific reading disability) is the most common and most carefully studied of the learning disabilities, affecting at least 80% of all individuals identified as being learning disabled. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that like hypertension and obesity, dyslexia fits a dimensional model. Within the population, reading ability and reading disability occur along a continuum, with reading disability representing the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability. Good evidence based on sample surveys of randomly selected populations of children now indicate that dyslexia affects boys and girls comparably (Fig. …
Depot‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and risk of edometrial cancer (1991)

Abstract The use of depot‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a long‐acting progestational contraceptive, in relation to risk of epithelial ovarian cancer was examined in a hospital‐based case‐control study conducted in Mexico and Thailand. Women with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 224) diagnosed between 1979 and 1988 were compared with hospital controls (n = 1,781) matched on age, hospital and year of interview. Overall, 9.8% of cases and 12.9% of controls had ever used DMPA. The relative‐risk (RR) estimate in women who had ever used DMPA, controlling for the confounding effects of number of live births and oral contraceptive use, was 1.07 (95% CI 0.6, 1.8). No consistent patterns of increasing or decreasing risk were noted according to duration of use, time since first or most recent use or age at first use of DMPA. These results suggest that the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is not altered by the use of DMPA.
High-temperature and -pressure system for laser Raman spectroscopy of aqueous solutions (1988)

A high-temperature, high-pressure experimental system is presented that is compatible with a state-of-the-art laser Raman spectrometer. The apparatus and associate electronics and valving, which allow Raman spectra acquisition from ambient conditions to 500 °C and 1-kbar pressure in corrosive aqueous solutions, are described. Diamond windows and a titanium bodied optical design are used to obtain these conditions. Automatically controlled heating jackets have been built that allow ±0.4 °C temperature stability over this range. Raman spectra are presented that demonstrate the capabilities of this experimental apparatus for aqueous studies as a function of temperature and pressures.
Automotive V2X on Phones: Enabling Next-generation Mobile ITS Apps (2016)

Automotive connectivity standards promise to usher in new apps and services that utilize vehicle-to-vehicle communications, and mobile app trends point to the potential of direct device-to-device connections. The convergence of the two, made possible by new hardware, system software, and programming abstractions, promises to realize next-generation mobile ITS apps. The city-scale impact of such convergence can now be projected using new evaluation infrastructure that captures interactions between humans, vehicles, devices and networks.
Successful eradication of helical rim keloids with surgical excision followed by pressure therapy using a combination of magnets and silicone gel sheeting (2015)

Extremely limited data are available for the treatment of helical rim keloids. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the successful treatment of helical rim keloids using surgical exicison followed by a newly designed pressure therapy device. We treated 40 pure helical rim keloids in 36 patients with surgical excisions followed by pressure therapy using a combination of magnets and silicone gel sheeting for 12 hours over a period of 2 years, from May 2012 to February 2014, at tertiary medical centre. The follow-up period was 18 months. Primary outcome was recurrence of keloids. Secondary outcome was patient satisfaction as assessed by the Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). The overall recurrence-free rate was 95·0% after a follow-up period of 18 months. Scores obtained from the POSAS showed that most items were reported to be improved. This adjuvant therapy protocol resulted in excellent outcomes in cases of helical rim keloids compared to previously published protocols.
[Study on the stability of tetrandrine microsphere]. (2005)

Tetrandrine microsphere is steady under the room temperature condition, but is unstable to hot, and ought to keep in conformity with low-temperature.
Kinetics of crystallization in semicrystalline/amorphous polymer mixtures (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of crystallization in semicrystalline/amorphous polymer mixturesG. C. Alfonso and T. P. RussellCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 4, 1143–1152Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00158a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00158a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1272Altmetric-Citations223LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CCL2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Mediates Enhanced Transmigration of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Leukocytes across the Blood–Brain Barrier: A Potential Mechanism of HIV–CNS Invasion and NeuroAIDS (2006)

Encephalitis and dementia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, microglia activation, aberrant chemokine expression, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and eventual loss of neurons. Little is known about whether human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection of leukocytes affects their ability to transmigrate in response to chemokines and to alter BBB integrity. We now demonstrate that HIV infection of human leukocytes results in their increased transmigration across our tissue culture model of the human BBB in response to the chemokine CCL2, as well as in disruption of the BBB, as evidenced by enhanced permeability, reduction of tight junction proteins, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. HIV-infected cells added to our model did not transmigrate in the absence of CCL2, nor did this condition alter BBB integrity. The chemokines CXCL10/interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa, CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, or CCL5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) did not enhance HIV-infected leukocyte transmigration or BBB permeability. The increased capacity of HIV-infected leukocytes to transmigrate in response to CCL2 correlated with their increased expression of CCR2, the chemokine receptor for CCL2. These data suggest that CCL2, but not other chemokines, plays a key role in infiltration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and the subsequent pathology characteristic of NeuroAIDS.
Evaluation of the Cervical Canal With the Endocervical Brush (1993)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the cytologic information obtained from the endocervical brush and the histologic information obtained from the standard endocervical curettage (ECC) used to evaluate the endocervical canal in patients with an abnormal Papanicolaou test. Methods: Three hundred eighty-eight patients underwent evaluation of an abnormal Papanicolaou test with a repeat Papanicolaou test, a separate endocervical brush test, colposcopy, directed biopsies, and ECC. The study group comprised 101 patients who subsequently underwent conization and/or hysterectomy. The brush and ECC results were evaluated against the final pathologic findings. Results: Sixty-five patients had a satisfactory colposcopy and 36 had an unsatisfactory colposcopy. Results for these two groups are reported separately. For the total group, the sensitivities of the ECC and brush were 49 and 93%, respectively (P< .001); the specificities were 82 and 26% (P< .001), the positive predictive values were 69 and 52% (P= .99), and the negative predictive values were 65 and 82% (P= .004). Conclusion: The endocervical brush appears to be a sensitive test for disease in the endocervical canal but yields a high false-positive rate. The role of the brush in this setting will require further study. The ECC is more specific but is also a suboptimal test for identifying disease in the endocervical canal.(Obstet Gynecol 1993;82:573-7)
Stimulated Kerr scattering and reorientation work of molecules in liquid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1990)

A Stokes shifted superbroadening stimulated scattering has been studied in a ${\mathrm{CS}}_{2}$ liquid-core hollow fiber system with a long gain length (2.5 m) by using \ensuremath{\approxeq}10-ns laser pulses with a pump intensity range of (${10}^{6}$--5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). The salient features of this stimulated scattering are that the spectral broadening range is very large (\ensuremath{\ge}700 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) and no detectable shift of the spectral maximum or periodical modulation structure is observed. In order to interpret our experimental results, various possible mechanisms and processes are discussed. A model based on stimulated Kerr scattering of anisotropic molecules in liquid is suggested to explain the observation. This model assumes a single-step reorientation of anisotropic molecules induced by an intense optical field.
Restoring mucosal tolerance by non-digestible oligosaccharides under inflammatory conditions : a key role for galectins (2013)

The prevalence of inflammatory diseases, including allergy and IBD, are rapidly increasing in Western society. There is a strong need to develop novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage these diseases as there is currently no cure. Understanding the immune system and selecting appropriate immune modulators is crucial for generating safe, preventive and potentially therapeutic treatment strategies. This thesis aims at understanding the mucosal immune system of the intestine and modulation of the GALT through observations on changes in immune cell subsets and function resulting from dietary intervention using specific non- digestible oligosaccharides to induce immunological tolerance
Exception Based Enterprise Rights Management : Towards a Paradigm Shift in Information Security and Policy Management (2009)

Abstract. Enterprise DRM is still dominated by vendor driven proprietary approaches fundamentally lacking interoperability features and essentially relying on strong cryptography lacking the flexibility to accommodate unanticipated work situations requiring exceptional actions. Consequently users increasingly circumvent corporate security policies just to get their work done and such incidents simply go unnoticed. From a management and security point of view this represents a risk in an increasingly compliance driven and networked economy. This paper explores the opportunity to apply an exception-based model for Enterprise DRM building on the proposition that monitoring security policies could be as effective as strong enforcement and provide more accurate information to manage and tune corporate digital policies. 1
Use of ?living? radical polymerizations to study the structural evolution and properties of highly crosslinked polymer networks (1997)

Crosslinked polymer networks are used in a wide variety of applications. To use these materials effectively, a fundamental understanding of their structural evolution and the relationship between material properties and structure is essential. In this article, a novel technique employing “iniferters,” i.e., living radical polymerizations, to photopolymerize these networks is utilized to study the property and structural evolution of these highly desirable materials. Living radical polymerizations are used in this work since this technique avoids the problem of carbon radical trapping encountered while using conventional initiators. Dynamic mechanical measurements are performed on highly crosslinked methacrylate networks to glean information regarding their structural heterogeneity. By performing these measurements on homopolymerized samples at various stages of the reaction and on copolymerized samples of multifunctional methacrylates, the mechanical properties are characterized as a function of double bond conversion and comonomer composition. From such analyses, with respect to both temperature and frequency, quantitative conclusions regarding the structure of the networks are drawn. This effort is aimed at exploiting the living radical polymerizations initiated by p-xylylene bis(N,N-diethyl dithiocarbamate) (XDT), to study the mechanical property evolution and structural heterogeneity of crosslinked polymers which is nearly impossible otherwise. Polymers examined in this study include networks formed by homopolymerization of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and polyethylene glycol 600 dimethacrylate (PEG600DMA) as well as copolymers of DEGDMA and PEG600DMA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2297–2307, 1997