gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aids to Analysis of Patterns Obtained in the Diffraction of Electrons by Gases (1948)

Three techniques have been found particularly useful in the analysis of the electron diffraction patterns produced in the scattering of electrons by gases. The first is the use of a continuously rotating shutter which is placed directly in front of the photographic plate used to record the patterns. The shutter has an angular opening proportional to the third power of the distance from the center of the pattern and serves to reduce greatly the high background intensity gradient which is characteristic of electron scattering. The second is the application of a Fourier computing scheme to the transformation from intensity curves, derived from observed patterns, to the ``radial distribution function'' which is of value in selecting a model for the molecule whose structure is being determined by the analysis. The third technique is the computation of patterns corresponding to various molecular models by means of a graphical synthesizer in (sinx)/x. This synthesizer has advantages over the usual numerical computing schemes in that it takes account of the angular variation of atomic structure factor for electron scattering and also makes evident the contributions of scattering by specific atom pairs to the complete synthesized intensity curve.
On- and Off-Eye Spherical Aberration of Soft Contact Lenses and Consequent Changes of Effective Lens Power (2003)

For thin soft contact lenses, the level of spherical aberration and the consequent power change is similar on-eye and off-eye. Soft contact lenses corrected for spherical aberration in air will be expected to be aberration-free on-eye and produce only negligibly small power changes. For soft contact lenses without aberration correction, for higher levels of ametropia and large pupils, the soft contact lens power should be determined with trial lenses with their power and p value similar to the prescribed lens. The benefit of soft contact lenses corrected for spherical aberration depends on the level of ocular spherical aberration.
Application of sequenator analysis to the study of proteins (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of sequenator analysis to the study of proteinsMark A. Hermodson, Lowell H. Ericsson, Koiti Titani, Hans Neurath, and Kenneth A. WalshCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 24, 4493–4502Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00774a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00774a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations284LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NADPH oxidase plays a crucial role in the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (2007)

Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in pancreatic fibrosis and inflammation, where oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis. NADPH oxidase might be a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the injured pancreas. This study aimed to clarify the expression and regulation of cell functions by NADPH oxidase in PSCs. PSCs were isolated from rat and human pancreas tissues. Expression of NADPH oxidase was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and immunostaining. Intracellular ROS production was assessed using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. The effects of diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, on key parameters of PSC activation were evaluated in vitro. In vivo, DPI (at 1 mg.kg body wt(-1).day(-1)) was administered in drinking water to 10-wk-old male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats for 10 wk and to rats with chronic pancreatitis induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC). PSCs expressed key components of NADPH oxidase (p22(phox), p47(phox), NOX1, gp91(phox)/NOX2, NOX4, and NOX activator 1). PDGF-BB, IL-1beta, and angiotensin II induced ROS production, which was abolished by DPI and apocynin. DPI inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation, IL-1beta-induced chemokine production, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen. DPI inhibited transformation of freshly isolated cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. In addition, DPI inhibited the development of pancreatic fibrosis in Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats and in rats with DBTC-induced chronic pancreatitis. In conclusion, PSCs express NADPH oxidase to generate ROS, which mediates key cell functions and activation of PSCs. NADPH oxidase might be a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic fibrosis.
Azide/Alkyne-&#x201C;Click&#x201D; Reactions: Applications in Material Science and Organic Synthesis (2006)

The fixation of ligands onto molecules, surfaces and materials by use of reactions using a simple and unified chemistry is among the everlasting desires of chemists. Besides the general insensitivity with respect to the chemical structures of the ligand, the completeness of the reaction as well as the insensitivity from external reaction parameters (i.e.: solvents, ambient temperature) is wished. The copper(I)-catalysed azide/alkyne “click”-reaction (also termed Sharpless “click”-reaction, a variation of the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between terminal acetylenes and azides) is a recent re-discovery of a reaction fulfilling these requirements. Extremely high yields (usually above 95%) are combined with a high tolerance of functional groups and reactions running at moderate temperatures (25°C - 70 °C). The present review assembles recent literature for applications of these reactions in the field of material science, in particular on surfaces, polymers, and for the ligation of ligands to larger biomolecules, including own publications in this field. Since this is an extremely fast developing area, this review offers important knowledge to the interested reader. A number of > 64 references are included. Keywords: cycloaddition reaction, regioselectivity, Cu-acetylide, Sharpless-type-click-reaction, self assembled monolayers (SAMs)
Reactive perforating collagenosis of diabetes mellitus and renal failure. (1983)

We believe that the disease we are reporting is associated with diabetes, particularly in patients on renal dialysis, and the perforation is initiated by scratching. Decreasing pruritus is the only needed treatment as the lesions tend to resolve on their own. While this entity has been called Kyrle's disease, it more correctly is reactive perforating collagenosis, both clinically and histologically. Whether this is a variant of what Kyrle originally described is not clear. We propose that this entity be called reactive perforating collagenosis of diabetes and renal failure.
High performance parallel logic simulations on a network of workstations (1993)

An approach for high performance parallel logic simulation on a local area network of workstation computers is discussed in this paper. The single, shared transmission medium often found in such networks places limitations on parallel execution, hence a reduction in the frequency of synchronization is pursued by combining a circuit partitioning methodology with a specific synchronization constraint. A consequence of the partitioning methodology is replication of objects between blocks of a partition. A partitioning procedure based on iterative improvement is described for reducing replication while preserving load balance. Two interprocessor synchronization techniques for parallel simulation are studied: conservative and optimistic synchronization. Experiments conducted on three large sequential circuits indicate that reasonable speedup is achievable for well-balanced partitions, and that optimistic synchronization provides a modest improvement in performance over conservative synchronization.
Genome-scale modeling enables metabolic engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for succinic acid production (2013)

In this work, we describe the application of a genome-scale metabolic model and flux balance analysis for the prediction of succinic acid overproduction strategies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The top three single gene deletion strategies, Δmdh1, Δoac1, and Δdic1, were tested using knock-out strains cultivated anaerobically on glucose, coupled with physiological and DNA microarray characterization. While Δmdh1 and Δoac1 strains failed to produce succinate, Δdic1 produced 0.02 C-mol/C-mol glucose, in close agreement with model predictions (0.03 C-mol/C-mol glucose). Transcriptional profiling suggests that succinate formation is coupled to mitochondrial redox balancing, and more specifically, reductive TCA cycle activity. While far from industrial titers, this proof-of-concept suggests that in silico predictions coupled with experimental validation can be used to identify novel and non-intuitive metabolic engineering strategies.
Establishment of an in vitro cell model system to study human prostate carcinogenesis (1996)

A positive family history of prostate cancer is a risk factor for this disease, suggesting that alterations of certain genes may play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. However, genetic alterations responsible for initiation and acquisition of metastatic phenotypes by prostate cancer are not well defined. We have observed a consistent change in chromosome 5 in an in vitro cell model of human prostate carcinogenesis in which the near-diploid cells from the surrounding tissue of an adenocarcinoma of the prostate obtained from a 42-year-old patient were subjected to in vitro cell culture and passages. We have examined three different passages of this cell strain by conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods and have seen an increased number of alterations in chromosome 5 in higher passage cells, with accompanying changes in cell morphology. In late passages of this cell line, no cell showed two normal copies of chromosome 5 as analyzed by G-banding and fluorecent in situ hybridization (FISH). The long arm (q) of chromosome 5 was either missing or involved in structural rearrangements. This observation suggests that the q arm of chromosome 5 may carry a tumor suppressor gene(s) that is well-expressed in normal prostate tissue, but when one of these tumor suppressor gene(s) is mutated or deleted and its encoded mRNA and protein are differentially expressed or not expressed at all in the prostate cells, then it may lead to initiation of tumor growth and development. Cytogenetic analyses of early passage cells in this cell strain revealed that approximately 78.8% of metaphases were normal, with a 46,XY chromosome constitution, and 21.2% of cells had clonal alterations mostly of chromosomes 5, 7, 8, 15, 16 and Y. In the middle passages, abnormal cells increased in number (78.26%) and also showed a large number of chromosomal changes. In the late passages, all cells showed structural and numerical abnormalities of the same chromosomes, in addition to some new markers; no cells were found to have a normal karyotype. These chromosomal aberrations could be considered early markers of prostate carcinogenesis. Some of the markers present in late passage cells were similar to those reported in a well-characterized prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP.
1,3-Dialkyltriazenes: tautomeric equilibria and rates and products of decomposition (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,3-Dialkyltriazenes: tautomeric equilibria and rates and products of decompositionRichard H. Smith Jr., Brian D. Wladkowski, Andrew F. Mehl, Michael J. Cleveland, Elizabeth A. Rudrow, Gwendolyn N. Chmurny, and Christopher J. MichejdaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5, 1036–1042Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00266a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00266a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Muscle Changes in Denervation and Re-innervation (1945)

A study of the changes in human voluntary muscle during denervation and re-innervation is essential for a proper under-
The performance analysis and implementation of an input access scheme in a high-speed packet switch (1994)

The performance analysis of an input access scheme in a high-speed packet switch for broadband ISDN is presented. In this switch, each input port maintains a separate queue for each of the outputs, thus n/sup 2/ input queues in an (n/spl times/n) switch. Using synchronous operation, at most one packet per input and output will be transferred in any slot. We derive lower and upper bounds for the throughput which show close to optimal performance. The bounds are very tight and approach to unity for switch sizes on the order of a hundred under any traffic load, which is a significant result by itself. Then the mean packet delay is derived and its variance is bounded. A neural network implementation of this input access scheme is given. The energy function of the network, its optimized parameters and the connection matrix are determined. Simulation results of the neural network fall between the theoretical throughput bounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-cue onboard pedestrian detection (2009)

Various powerful people detection methods exist. Surprisingly, most approaches rely on static image features only despite the obvious potential of motion information for people detection. This paper systematically evaluates different features and classifiers in a sliding-window framework. First, our experiments indicate that incorporating motion information improves detection performance significantly. Second, the combination of multiple and complementary feature types can also help improve performance. And third, the choice of the classifier-feature combination and several implementation details are crucial to reach best performance. In contrast to many recent papers experimental results are reported for four different datasets rather than using a single one. Three of them are taken from the literature allowing for direct comparison. The fourth dataset is newly recorded using an onboard camera driving through urban environment. Consequently this dataset is more realistic and more challenging than any currently available dataset.
Biologically active peptides derived from proteins - a review. (2008)

Proteins play an important role in body functioning. They can also be a good source of peptides with different activities. Such peptides are defined as biologically active (bioactive peptides). Bioactive peptides interact with proper body receptors and such an effect can be beneficial or not. Biopeptides as components of food with desired features have become an interesting issue for scientific research. Many of bioactive peptides are found in milk and dairy products, plant, animal and microbial proteins. They function mainly as inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme but there is a plenty of peptides derived from other sources that can even prevent chronic diseases. This paper focuses on peptides derived from different sources and their physiological role in the body as well as functional aspects of their application in food production. In this article we concentrate on the peptides exerting the following activities: affecting blood pressure, prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors, coeliac toxic, immunomodulating and opioid.
Design And Analysis Of Two-Phase Boost Dc-Dc Converter (2010)

Multiphasing of dc-dc converters has been known to give technical and economical benefits to low voltage high power buck regulator modules. A major advantage of multiphasing dc-dc converters is the improvement of input and output performances in the buck converter. From this aspect, a potential use would be in renewable energy where power quality plays an important factor. This paper presents the design of a 2-phase 200W boost converter for battery charging application. Analysis of results from hardware measurement of the boost converter demonstrates the benefits of using multiphase. Results from the hardware prototype of the 2-phase boost converter further show the potential extension of multiphase beyond its commonly used low voltage high current domains.
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (1995)

Montgomery and Runger's bestselling engineering statistics text provides a practical approach oriented to engineering as well as chemical and physical sciences. By providing unique problem sets that reflect realistic situations, students learn how the material will be relevant in their careers. With a focus on how statistical tools are integrated into the engineering problem-solving process, all major aspects of engineering statistics are covered. Developed with sponsorship from the National Science Foundation, this text incorporates many insights from the authors' teaching experience along with feedback from numerous adopters of previous editions.
Stilbene Derivatives from <i>Cissus</i> <i>quadrangularis</i> (1999)

Three new stilbene derivatives, quadrangularins A, B, and C (2−4), have been isolated from the stems of Cissus quadrangularis, together with four known ones: resveratrol, piceatannol, pallidol (1), and parthenocissine A (5). Structure elucidation of the new compounds was achieved using 2D NMR experiments.
Oxidative Desulfurization Using Polyoxometalates (2006)

Oxidative desulfurization of model compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene) with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid using polyoxometalates as catalysts has been studied. The tetrabutylammonium salts of [W6O19]2-, [V(VW11)O40]4-, [PVW11O40]4-, and [PV2Mo10O40]4- were prepared, and their activities were compared with (VO)2P2O7. The experimental results show that the highest active catalyst is [V(VW11)O40]4-. The method was also used for the treatment of gas oil. The combination of solvent extraction and alumina adsorption can efficiently separate sulfone products. The resulting oil contained less than 0.055% sulfur, and this corresponds to 90 % removal.
Secure Ad-hoc Pairing with Biometrics: SAfE (2007)

The pairing problem is to enable two devices, which share no prior context with each other, to agree upon a security association that they can use to protect their subsequent communication. Secure pairing should offer guarantees of the association partner's identity and it should be resistant to eavesdropping or to a man-in the middle attack. We propose a user friendly solution to this problem. Keys extracted from images of the participants are used for authentication. Details of the SAfE pairing system are presented along with a discussion of the security features and a usability analysis
The NF-κB-dependent and -independent transcriptome and chromatin landscapes of human coronavirus 229E-infected cells (2017)

Coronavirus replication takes place in the host cell cytoplasm and triggers inflammatory gene expression by poorly characterized mechanisms. To obtain more insight into the signals and molecular events that coordinate global host responses in the nucleus of coronavirus-infected cells, first, transcriptome dynamics was studied in human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)-infected A549 and HuH7 cells, respectively, revealing a core signature of upregulated genes in these cells. Compared to treatment with the prototypical inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1, HCoV-229E replication was found to attenuate the inducible activity of the transcription factor (TF) NF-κB and to restrict the nuclear concentration of NF-κB subunits by (i) an unusual mechanism involving partial degradation of IKKβ, NEMO and IκBα and (ii) upregulation of TNFAIP3 (A20), although constitutive IKK activity and basal TNFAIP3 expression levels were shown to be required for efficient virus replication. Second, we characterized actively transcribed genomic regions and enhancers in HCoV-229E-infected cells and systematically correlated the genome-wide gene expression changes with the recruitment of Ser5-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II and prototypical histone modifications (H3K9ac, H3K36ac, H4K5ac, H3K27ac, H3K4me1). The data revealed that, in HCoV-infected (but not IL-1-treated) cells, an extensive set of genes was activated without inducible p65 NF-κB being recruited. Furthermore, both HCoV-229E replication and IL-1 were shown to upregulate a small set of genes encoding immunomodulatory factors that bind p65 at promoters and require IKKβ activity and p65 for expression. Also, HCoV-229E and IL-1 activated a common set of 440 p65-bound enhancers that differed from another 992 HCoV-229E-specific enhancer regions by distinct TF-binding motif combinations. Taken together, the study shows that cytoplasmic RNA viruses fine-tune NF-κB signaling at multiple levels and profoundly reprogram the host cellular chromatin landscape, thereby orchestrating the timely coordinated expression of genes involved in multiple signaling, immunoregulatory and metabolic processes.
Liquid Optical Fibers (1972)

A small-diameter jet of a transparent liquid having a refractive index greater than the surrounding medium can entrap a light beam and act as an optical fiber. The liquid stream can be bent through quite large angles and will still retain the light. Electrically controlled bending of the liquid stream, and hence the light beam, has been achieved directly by means of electrostatic forces and indirectly by the use of hydraulic devices and associated transducers. Several ways have been demonstrated for separating the light from the liquid stream. The liquid optical fiber principle can be used for building both analog and digital one-or two-dimensional light deflectors.