gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced black state induced by spatial silver nanoparticles in an electrochromic device (2017)

The use of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical indium tin oxide (ITO) branches of electrochromic devices (ECDs) is an effective approach for increasing the optical properties via localized surface plasmon resonance compared with two-dimensional nanostructured electrodes. ECDs with 3D branches were designed to operate in transparent, mirror and black states. Finite-difference time-domain simulation was used to find the electrical field distributions in three types of ECD: glass/ITO with Ag film, glass/ITO branches and glass/ITO branches with Ag nanoparticles. The ECDs had an optical transmittance of 73.76% in the transparent state, a reflectance of 79.77% in the mirror state and a reflectance of 8.78% in the black state. We achieved an ECD with high stability that can show ∼10 000 switching cycles among the three states. An electrode that isolates silver nanoparticles using 3D branches can operate displays in transparent, mirrored or black states on demand. Silver nanoparticles are increasingly being used in electrochromic devices such as light-adjusting ‘smart’ windows because they appear either reflective or see-through under different electrical conditions. Now, Jong-Lam Lee from POSTECH in South Korea and co-workers have accessed an additional, light-trapping black state using indium tin oxide nanorods bearing perpendicular branches. The researchers fabricated the nanostructures using electron-beam evaporation and then assembled them into an electrochromic device containing another flat electrode and a silver electrolyte. Application of different voltages caused the transparent silver ions to either precipitate into a mirror on the flat electrode or form segregated nanoparticles on the branched electrode. The nanoparticles promoted localized surface plasmon resonances that trapped over 90% of incoming light. Highly transparent and conductive three-dimensional ITO branches were used as a scaffold to improve the optical properties of electrochromic device (ECD). During the operation of ECD, Ag nanoparticles were spatially separated on ITO branches. This unique geometry of ITO branch and Ag nanoparticle showed a strong plasmonic light absorption, resulting in deep black state (average reflectance of 8.78%). Also, the ECD could reversibly switch the three states of transparent, mirror and black states for 10 000 cycles without degradation.
LDL Oxidation and Extent of Coronary Atherosclerosis (1998)

Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative modification of LDL plays an important role in the atherogenic process. Therefore, we investigated the relation between coronary atherosclerosis and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in a case-control study in men between 45 and 80 years of age. Case subjects and hospital control subjects were selected from subjects undergoing a first coronary angiography. Subjects with severe coronary stenosis (> or = 85% stenosis in one and > or = 50% stenosis in a second major coronary vessel) were classified as case subjects (n=91). Hospital control subjects with no or minor stenosis (< or = 50% stenosis in no more than two of the three major coronary vessels, n=94) and population control subjects free of plaques in the carotid artery (n=85) were pooled for the statistical analysis into one control category. Enrollment procedures allowed for similar distributions in age and smoking habits. Case subjects had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Resistance time, maximum rate of oxidation, and maximum diene production were measured ex vivo using copper-induced LDL oxidation. A borderline significant inverse trend was observed for coronary atherosclerosis risk at increasing resistance time. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the successive quartiles were 1.0 (reference), 0.77 (0.39 to 1.53), 0.67 (0.33 to 1.34), and 0.55 (0.27 to 1.15) (ptrend=0.07). No relation with maximum rate of oxidation was found, and higher maximum diene levels were found in control subjects (P<.01). The main determinant of oxidation was the fatty acid composition of LDL. No effect of smoking or use of medication was observed. We conclude that although LDL resistance to oxidation may be a factor in atherogenesis, the ex vivo measure is not a strong predictor of severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
Discovering and Browsing of Power Users by Social Relationship Analysis in Large-Scale Online Communities (2008)

Community Web sites on specific topics are very popular on the Web. Some active Web communities are so huge and diverse that it becomes a challenging issue to efficiently mine meaningful knowledge from the Web communities. In this paper, we develop schemes to discover and browse power users by their activities in online communities. The novelties of this work are two-fold. 1) We define new features to describe user's social activities: statistical features to summarize userspsila activities and relationship-based features to describe interactions between individual users. And, through extensive user study and experiments to compare the performances of the ranking models based on various features, it is shown that the cross reference (CR) feature plays an unique and effective role in discovering power users in post-dominant online communities. 2) Thereafter, we develop a novel interface for effective exploration of power users based on the CR rank. Two schemes are proposed to incrementally navigate a large number of candidate power users with higher CR values: threshold-based navigation and traversal-based one. Experimental results shows that the proposed CR rank can be used for effective browsing of power users: about 70% precision is maintained while retrieving all the power users, which means that we can discover all the power users with relatively small number of false alarms.
Domestic power consumption measurement and automatic home appliance detection (2006)

There is an increasing concern for the intelligent management of domestic power consumption based on intelligent sensors and actuators (attached to domestic appliances). This paper describes the electronic power meter sensor module of an intelligent management system being developed which is based on a network of functionally independent intelligent sensor and actuator modules. The actuator architecture has different modules to interface and read values from sensors and to communicate with other actuators. The electronic power meter sensor module is responsible for measuring energy and instantaneous and average power. Its functionalities allow it to be used for simple domestic electric power measurement applications. Moreover, it can store power consumption profiles and automatically identify and detect malfunctions of home appliance connected to the network at a given moment. The communication with external devices is implemented using standard serial interfaces.
Precautions in Medical Care of, and in Handling Materials from, Patients with Transmissible Virus Dementia (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) (1977)

We have formulated a series of precautions to be observed in caring for patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in handling their tissues. The virus resists inactivation by simple boiling in water. Also ineffective are 10 per cent formalin, 70 per cent alcohol and ionizing and ultraviolet radiation. Autoclaving for one hour at 121 degrees C and 20 psi inactivates the agent completely. Five per cent hypochlorite, 0.03 per cent permanganate, phenolics and iodine solutions are adequate disinfectants inactivating large infective doses of the virus. Special isolation wards for afflicted patients seem unwarranted. Workers exposed to infected saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, urine or feces need to and should wash thoroughly with ordinary soap. Needles and needle electrodes should be autoclaved or incinerated and discarded. Demented persons should not be used for donations of blood or other tissues. Although precautions are necessary, the epidemiologic evidence does not suggest an unusual risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease for medical workers.
Progress in the Research of Zinc and Zinc Alloy Plating (2000)

Status of zinc and zinc alloy plating is overviewed,with world's latest technology of zinc plating(recipes).Conclusion ideas are appended at the end of this article.
Combination method of DC-DC converter and LDO to improve efficiency and load regulation (2011)

Presented is a new combination method of a DC-DC converter and a low dropout voltage regulator (LDO), where the DC-DC converter takes the output voltage of the LDO's error amplifier as the feedback voltage. This new method can dynamically adjust the dropout voltage of the LDO according to load current so that efficiency is improved especially for driving small loads. Simultaneously, this method can dramatically improve load regulation by reducing the variation of the input voltage difference of the LDO's error amplifier.
Competition Versus Cooperation on the MISO Interference Channel (2008)

We consider the problem of coordinating two competing multiple-antenna wireless systems (operators) that operate in the same spectral band. We formulate a rate region which is achievable by scalar coding followed by power allocation and beamforming. We show that all interesting points on the Pareto boundary correspond to transmit strategies where both systems use the maximum available power. We then argue that there is a fundamental need for base station cooperation when performing spectrum sharing with multiple transmit antennas. More precisely, we show that if the systems do not cooperate, there is a unique Nash equilibrium which is inefficient in the sense that the achievable rate is bounded by a constant, regardless of the available transmit power. An extension of this result to the case where the receivers use successive interference cancellation (SIC) is also provided. Next we model the problem of agreeing on beamforming vectors as a non-transferable utility (NTU) cooperative gametheoretic problem, with the two operators as players. Specifically we compute numerically the Nash bargaining solution, which is a likely resolution of the resource conflict assuming that the players are rational. Numerical experiments indicate that selfish but cooperating operators may achieve a performance which is close to the maximum-sum-rate bound.
Source Localization from Quantized Time of Arrival Measurements (2006)

In this paper, we consider the localization of a source from quantized measurements of time of arrivals (TOA) or time difference of arrivals (TDOA). Applications include, as particular examples, acoustic source localization from a network of microphones under communication constraints, and the localization of a base station using a geolocalized mobile station using tuning advance measurements. We use a maximum likelihood approach, based on an efficient implementation of the EM algorithm. Contrary to previously reported work, our technique takes into account not only the measurement noise, but also the presence of outliers (for example, non line of sight propagation) and the quantization. We illustrate our findings using simulated data and real field measurements
Intracellular Amyloid &#946;-Protein and Its Associated Molecules in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease (2006)

Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therapeutic strategies inhibiting Abeta aggregation and promoting extracellular Abeta removal are currently advocated. Here, we review recent literature on intracellular Abeta, especially intranuclear Abeta, and its associated molecules. We also discuss alternative therapeutic strategies to inhibit intracellular Abeta-related pathogenesis.
Halogen Bonding in Supramolecular Chemistry (2015)

A study is conducted to investigate halogen bonding in supramolecular chemistry. The study gives an overview of how computational methods have been applied to understand the nature of halogen bonding (XB) interactions, starting with quantum mechanics (QM) and moving on to methods based on classical force fields. QM is used to study weak intermolecular interactions as the characteristics of the noncovalently bonded system can be difficult to separate from other effects in condensed phases. Extensive investigations also reveal that halogen atoms are among the more electronegative elements, and covalently bonded halogens are usually considered to be electron rich.
The Effect of Froth on Flotation Kinetics-A Mass Transfer Approach (1989)

Abstract The effect of gas rate and froth thickness on the kinetics of transfer in the froth phase of laboratory semi-batch and continuous laboratory cells is described. Increasing froth thickness increases the dropback constant from the froth to the slurry, and decreases transfer rate constant into the concentrate. Increasing gas rate increases both the dropback constant and the froth transfer constant Hydraulic entrainment increases with increasing gas rate and decreasing froth thickness. A reasonable compromise that minimizes hydraulic entrainment and maximizes recovery of hydrophobic particles is the use of higher gas rate and froth thickness Preliminary testwork with wash water added to the froth yielded rejection of fine liberated gangue of up to 70%, at wash water superficial rates of 0.05-0.08 cm/s. Rejection is highly correlated to the rejection of feed water from the concentrate.
Leakage Power Analysis attacks: Well-defined procedure and first experimental results (2009)

In this paper, attacks aiming at recovering the secret key of a cryptographic core from measurements of its static (leakage) power are presented. These attacks exploit the dependence of the leakage current of CMOS Integrated Circuits (ICs) on their inputs (e.g., the secret key of a cryptographic circuit). For this reason, these novel attacks are referred to as Leakage Power Analysis (LPA) attacks in this paper. Since the leakage power increases much faster than the dynamic power at each new technology node, LPA attacks are shown to be a serious threat to information security of cryptographic circuits in sub-100 nm technologies. For the first time in the literature, a well-defined procedure to perform LPA attacks is presented. Advantages and measurement issues are also analyzed in comparison with traditional Power Analysis attacks based on dynamic power measurements. An experimental attack to a register is finally performed for the first time.
Containment of Bioaerosol Infection Risk by the Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and Its Applicability to Point-of-Care Settings (2010)

The recently introduced Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) has point-of-care potential, but its capacity for biohazard containment remained to be studied. We compared the bioaerosols generated by the Xpert assay to acid-fast bacillus (AFB) microscope slide smear preparation. The Xpert assay sample treatment reagent (SR) was also studied for its sterilizing capacity, stability, and effect on assay sensitivity after prolonged treatment. During the preparation of AFB smears, sputum samples spiked with Mycobacterium bovis BCG at 5 × 10(8) CFU/ml produced 16 and 325 CFU/m(3) air measured with an Andersen impactor or BioSampler, respectively. In contrast, neither the sample preparation steps for the Xpert assay nor its automated processing produced any culturable bioaerosols. In testing of SR sterilizing capacity, clinical sputum samples from strongly smear-positive tuberculosis patients treated with SR at a 2:1 ratio eliminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in all but 1/39 or 3/45 samples cultured on solid or liquid medium, respectively. These few unsterilized samples had a mean 13.1-day delay in the time to positive culture. SR treatment at a 3:1 ratio eliminated growth in all samples. SR retained a greater than 6-log-unit killing capacity despite storage at temperatures spanning 4 to 45°C for at least 3 months. The effect of prolonged SR sample treatment was also studied. Spiked sputum samples could be incubated in SR for up to 3 days without affecting Xpert sensitivity for M. tuberculosis detection and up to 8 h without affecting specificity for rifampin resistance detection. These results suggest that benchtop use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay limits infection risk to the user.
Reward, Motivation, Cognition: Psychobiology of Mesotelencephalic Dopamine Systems (1986)

The sections in this article are: 1 Organization and Regulation of Mesolimbic DA System 1.1 Anatomy 1.2 Chemistry 1.3 Physiology 2 Motor Functions 2.1 Regional Considerations 2.2 Stereotypy 2.3 Biochemical Anatomy of Mesolimbic Motor System 2.4 Rotation 2.5 Theoretical Implications 3 Dopaminergic Substrates of Reward 3.1 Intracranial Self-Stimulation 3.1.1 Mapping Studies 3.1.2 Pharmacology 3.1.3 Intracranial Administration of DA Receptor Antagonists 3.1.4 Biochemical Correlates 3.1.5 Lesion Studies 3.1.6 DA-Enkephalin Interactions 3.2 Intravenous Self-Administration 3.3 Place-Preference Conditioning 3.4 Functional Significance 4 Adjunctive Behaviors 4.1 Electrical Stimulation of Lateral Hypothalamus 4.2 Tail Pinch-Induced Behaviors 5 Learning, Memory, and Cognition 6 Possible Role of Mesotelencephalic DA Systems in Motivation and Emotion
Shaping women's work: gender, employment and information technology (1997)

Introduction - the terrain of this book. Perspectives on women's work and technology gender relations in the shaping of technologies information technologies and the shaping of women's employment secretaries and seamstresses, clerks and cashiers - information technologies and women's labour processes women in systems design - values, methods and artefacts the lessons of feminist research on women's work and IT.
Online discriminative dictionary learning for visual tracking (2014)

Dictionary learning has been applied to various computer vision problems, such as image restoration, object classification and face recognition. In this work, we propose a tracking framework based on sparse representation and online discriminative dictionary learning. By associating dictionary items with label information, the learned dictionary is both reconstructive and discriminative, which better distinguishes target objects from the background. During tracking, the best target candidate is selected by a joint decision measure. Reliable tracking results and augmented training samples are accumulated into two sets to update the dictionary. Both online dictionary learning and the proposed joint decision measure are important for the final tracking performance. Experiments show that our approach outperforms several recently proposed trackers.
Alfalfa Stem Tissues: Cell-wall Development and Lignification (1998)

Alfalfa stems contain a variety of tissues with different patterns of cell-wall development. Development of alfalfa cell walls was investigated after histochemical staining and with polarized light using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Samples of the seventh internode, from the base of stems grown on cut stems, were harvested at five defined stages of development from early internode elongation through to late maturity. Internode seven was elongating up to the third sample harvest and internode diameter increased throughout the entire sampling period. Chlorenchyma, cambium, secondary phloem, primary xylem parenchyma and pith parenchyma stem tissues all had thin primary cell walls. Pith parenchyma underwent a small amount of cell-wall thickening and lignification during maturation. Collenchyma and primary phloem tissues developed partially thickened primary walls. In contrast to a recent report, the formation of a ring shaped, lignified portion of the primary wall in a number of cells in the exterior part of the primary phloem was found to precede the deposition of a thick, non-lignified secondary wall which was degradable by rumen microbes. In numerous xylem fibres from the fourth harvest date onwards, an additional highly degradable secondary wall layer was deposited against a previously deposited lignified and undegradable secondary wall. The pattern of lignification observed in alfalfa stem tissues suggests that polymerization of monolignols by peroxidases at the luminal border of the primary cell wall creates an impermeable zone which restricts lignification of the middle lamella region of tissues with thick primary walls.
Asymmetric Four-Point Crack Specimen (1999)

Accurate results for the stress intensity factors for the asymmetric four-point bend specimen with an edge crack are presented. A basic solution for an infinitely long specimen loaded by a constant shear force and a linear moment distribution provides the reference on which the finite geometry solution is based. [S0021-8936(00)03601-1]
Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Cleaving Properties of an Ellipticine−Salen·Copper Conjugate (1997)

The synthesis of a DNA-cutting agent that conjugates an ellipticine chromophore and a copper complex of bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, referred to as a salen, is reported. The presence of the salen.Cu complex allows cleavage of DNA via oxygen-based radicals, and the ellipticine moiety serves as a DNA anchor. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that the intercalation geometry of the ellipticine chromophore is preserved with the hybrid. The cleavage is much more efficient with the conjugate than with the Schiff base copper complex alone.
The Cyclin A1-CDK2 Complex Regulates DNA Double-Strand Break Repair (2004)

Vertebrates express two A-type cyclins; both associate with and activate the CDK2 protein kinase. Cyclin A1 is required in the male germ line, but its molecular functions are incompletely understood. We observed specific induction of cyclin A1 expression and promoter activity after UV and gamma-irradiation which was mediated by p53. cyclin A1-/- cells showed increased radiosensitivity. To unravel a potential role of cyclin A1 in DNA repair, we performed a yeast triple hybrid screen and identified the Ku70 DNA repair protein as a binding partner and substrate of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair was deficient in cyclin A1-/- cells. Further experiments indicated that A-type cyclins activate DNA DSB repair by mechanisms that depend on CDK2 activity and Ku proteins. Both cyclin A1 and cyclin A2 enhanced DSB repair by homologous recombination, but only cyclin A1 significantly activated nonhomologous end joining. DNA DSB repair was specific for A-type cyclins because cyclin E was ineffective. These findings establish a novel function for cyclin A1 and CDK2 in DNA DSB repair following radiation damage.
The dynamics a PWM boost converter with resistive input (2002)

An average modeling methodology is proposed for deriving PWM programming rules that cause DC-DC power converters to look resistive at the input terminals. The proposed approach was verified by average and cycle-by-cycle simulation. The study investigated the large and small signal response issues and, in particular, the inner loop gain and outer loop response. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can be useful in the design of robust active power factor correctors with low total harmonic distortion (THD).