gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of TaN<sub><i>x</i></sub>-TiN Films by CVD (1990)

TaNx-TiN films were prepared on fused silica substrates from the gas mixture of TaCl5-TiCl4-N2-H2 under an atmospheric pressure. The deposition rate, constituent phase, chemical composition and microstructure of the films were investigated as a function of deposition temperature and input gas composition. The films consisted of TaNx and TiN. At the deposition temperature of 900°C, the deposition rate and the composition of TaNx-TiN films were in good agreement with expectations based on each deposition behavior of TaNx and TiN films. On the other hand, at 1000° and 1100°C, the deposition of TaNx was suppressed in TaNx-TiN films compared with the expectation. TaNx-TiN films were consisted of finer particles comparing with TaNx and TiN films.
Hydrochlorination of thujopsene (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrochlorination of thujopseneAlan R. Hochstetler and Garry C. KitchensCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 17, 2750–2752Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00982a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00982a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel stable (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-2,6(3H,7H)-dione based donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for n-type organic thin film transistors (2013)

(3E,7E)-3,7-Bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6(3H,7H)-dione (IBDF) was used as a new electron-acceptor building block for polymer semiconductors with very low-lying energy levels. A copolymer of IBDF and thiophene showed stable electron transport performance in thin film transistors.
Al-Induced Crystallization of an Amorphous Si Thin Film in a Polycrystalline Al/Native SiO<sub>2</sub>/Amorphous Si Structure (1996)

Al-induced crystallization of an amorphous Si (a-Si) thin film in a polycrystalline Al/native SiO 2 /a-Si structure has been investigated on an atomic level using cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A 7-nm polycrystalline Al layer was thermally deposited onto a 50-nm a-Si thin film, deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and covered with a 2.2-nm layer of native SiO 2 . The a-Si thin film in this structure was partially crystallized at 250°Cand completely crystallized at 500°C after 30 min. Lattice fringes of Si(111) were observed in the original Al layer and interfacial native SiO 2 layer after the annealing process. From the above results, it was concluded that Al-induced crystallization of the a-Si thin film occurred by interdiffusion of Al and Si atoms through the native oxide layer even though the 2.2-nm native SiO 2 layer was not removed completely at the Al/a-Si interface. A possible model, that can be used to explain the Al-induced crystallization phenomena by taking into account the changes that take place within or near the native SiO 2 layer during the annealing process, was proposed.
Application of Boolean algebra to switching circuit design and to error detection (1954)

A solution is sought to the general problem of simplifying switching circuits that have more than one output. The mathematical treatment of the problem applies only to circuits that may be represented by “polynomials” in Boolean algebra. It is shown that certain parts of the multiple output problem for such circuits may be reduced to a single output problem whose inputs are equal in number to the sum of the numbers of inputs and outputs in the original problem. A particularly simple reduction may be effected in the case of two outputs. Various techniques are described for simplifying Boolean expressions, called “+ polynomials,” in which the operation “exclusive or” appears between terms. The methods described are particularly suitable for use with an automatic computer, and have been tested on the Illiac. An unexpected metric relationship is shown to exist between the members of certain classes of “+ polynomials” called “nets.” This relationship may be used for constructing error-detecting codes, provided the number of bits in the code is a power of two.
Serotonin Transporter (5‐HTTLPR) Genotype, Childhood Abuse, and Suicide Attempts in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients (2006)

There is growing evidence that a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderates the impact of negative life events (e.g., childhood abuse) on the development of depression. However, it is unclear whether the gene x environment interaction predicts suicide attempts specifically. In addition, previous studies have not examined different forms of childhood abuse separately. In the current study, we found that 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the link between childhood physical and sexual, but not emotional, abuse and adult psychiatric inpatients' histories of suicide attempts.
APTES Modification of Molybdenum Disulfide to Improve the Corrosion Resistance of Waterborne Epoxy Coating (2021)

MoS2 has been regarded as a promising addition for the preparation of epoxy-based coatings with high anticorrosion ability. However, its dispersion and compatibility remain significant challenges. In the present work, an organic thin layer was well coated on lamellar molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) via a simple modification of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The modification of hydrolyzing APTES on lamellar MoS2 effectively improved the dispersity of MoS2 in water-borne epoxy (WEP) and successfully enhanced the compatibility and crosslinking density of MoS2 with WEP. The influence of introducing MoS2-APTES into WEP coating on anticorrosion property for N80 steel was tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and salt spray test. The results exhibited that the |Z|0.01Hz value of MoS2-APTES/WEP still reached 3.647 × 107 Ω·cm2 even after the immersion time of 50 days in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, showing an extraordinary performance of corrosion resistance. The enhanced anticorrosion performance of composite coating could be resulted from the apparently increased dispersibility and compatibility of MoS2 in WEP.
Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spastic Movement Disorders (1978)

Clinical results of electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at three different clinics are reported for 53 patients suffering from different spastic movement disorders out of a series of 164 cases tested transitorily. Two-thirds of the cases were multiple sclerosis patients. The difficulty of objective assessment is emphasized. Motor function was principally evaluated and surprisingly showed a marked improvement 1-5 years after the implantation of an electrical device. Other criteria are analyzed and compared with literature. Dorsal cord stimulation seems to be a valuable method for improving the quality of life in a limited percentage of cases of neurological motor disorders.
Use of Quantum Sampling to Calculate Mean Values of Observables and Partition Function of a Quantum System (2009)

We describe an algorithm for using a quantum computer to calculate mean values of observables and the partition function of a quantum system. Our algorithm includes two sub-algorithms. The first sub-algorithm is for calculating, with polynomial efficiency, certain diagonal matrix elements of an observable. This sub-algorithm is performed on a quantum computer, using quantum phase estimation and tomography. The second sub-algorithm is for sampling a probability distribution. This sub-algorithm is not polynomially efficient. It can be performed either on a classical or a quantum computer, but a quantum computer can perform it quadratically faster.
An Evaluation of "Talking Signs" for the Blind (1983)

A new orientation system for the blind was evaluated in terms of its efficiency in assisting goal-oriented travel performance. Blind subjects were asked to locate rooms independently on one floor of a large building. In one condition, the subjects used audio speech signals presented via an infrared transmitter and hand-held receiver; in the other condition they used conventional raised-print labels. Performance, in terms of time required to reach goal, was compared for the two conditions. The results indicate that it took significantly less time to reach the goal locations when subjects used the audio system. The role of such a system in aiding the orientation and travel efficiency of blind pedestrians is discussed, as are additional applications of the system, effective techniques developed by the subjects for using the device, and suggested improvements for future versions.
On Descent Spectral CG Algorithms for Training Recurrent Neural Networks (2009)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of descent conjugate gradient methods and we propose a new algorithm for training recurrent neural networks. The presented algorithm preserves the advantages of classical conjugate gradient methods while simultaneously avoids the usually inefficient restarts. Simulation results are also presented using three different recurrent neural network architectures in a variety of benchmarks.
Screening of epoxy systems for high performance filament winding applications (1975)

Several promising epoxy systems for high performance filament winding applications are described. Viscosities, gel times, and cast resin tensile behavior are given, as well as heat deflection under load and water absorption measurements.
Design of a family of ring-core fibers for OAM transmission studies (2015)

We propose a family of ring-core fibers, designed for the transmission of OAM modes, that can be fabricated by drawing five different fibers from a single preform. This novel technique allows us to experimentally sweep design parameters and speed up the fiber design optimization process. Such a family of fibers could be used to examine system performance, but also facilitate understanding of parameter impact in the transition from design to fabrication. We present design parameters characterizing our fiber, and enumerate criteria to be satisfied. We determine targeted fiber dimensions and explain our strategy for examining a design family rather than a single fiber design. We simulate modal properties of the designed fibers, and compare the results with measurements performed on fabricated fibers.
Listeria monocytogenes isolates can be classified into two major types according to the sequence of the listeriolysin gene (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of a 3.5-kb BamHI fragment from Listeria monocytogenes 12067, a human clinical isolate of serotype 4b, has been determined. The DNA fragment harbors the gene for listeriolysin, part of the gene for a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, and part of the gene for a metalloprotease. Comparison of the sequence with corresponding sequences from two other L. monocytogenes isolates revealed a significant number of nucleotide differences. Several of the differences give rise to amino acid substitutions. The most variable region was the examined part of the mpl gene, whereas the lisA gene showed a relatively high degree of conservation, particularly at the amino acid level. To analyze the pattern of sequence variability in the lisA gene, a 160-bp region covering nine nucleotide differences was sequenced from 36 isolates of different origins. This work showed that the strains can be grouped into two major types according to the nucleotide sequences. Oligonucleotide probing of a larger number of L. monocytogenes isolates showed that the observed differences can be used to subdivide the species. The data suggest a correspondence between the sequence type of the lisA gene and flagellar antigens. Assays based on hybridization or the polymerase chain reaction with type-specific oligonucleotides may provide fast and easy alternative methods for strain typing.
Egg Hatch Rate and Nymphal Survival of the Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) After Exposure to Insecticide Sprays (2016)

Few studies have addressed the efficacy of insecticides used against eggs and first-instar nymphs of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Insect eggs are often resistant to insecticides; therefore, information on which products are effective is important. We evaluated the efficacy of four commonly used insecticide sprays applied directly to bed bug eggs. We also evaluated the efficacy of these insecticides to first-instar nymphs exposed to residuals resulting from directly spraying eggs. Temprid SC (beta-cyfluthrin, imidacloprid) was the most effective insecticide at preventing egg hatch (13% hatch rate) for pyrethroid-resistant, field-strain (Jersey City) bed bugs compared with a control (water [99% hatch rate]), Bedlam (MGK-264, sumithrin [84% hatch rate]), Demand CS (lambda-cyhalothrin [91% hatch rate]), and Phantom SC (chlorfenapyr [95% hatch rate]). Demand CS and Temprid SC were most effective at preventing egg hatch (0%) for an insecticide-susceptible (Harold Harlan) strain, followed by Bedlam (28%). Phantom SC produced a hatch rate similar to the control (97% and 96%, respectively). Harold Harlan-strain nymphs showed 100% survival for the control but 0% survival for Bedlam and Phantom SC. Jersey City-strain nymphs showed 100% survival for the control, 99% survival for Bedlam, 0% survival for Demand CS, 4% survival for Phantom SC, and 38% survival for Temprid SC. Demand CS was less effective at preventing hatch (91% hatch rate) of Jersey City-strain nymphs but was the only product to kill all nymphs (0% survival). One of the least effective products for preventing Jersey City-strain egg hatch (Phantom SC, 95% hatch rate) was the second most effective at killing nymphs, leaving only six of 141 alive. These findings indicate that survival of directly sprayed eggs and residually exposed, first-instar nymphs varies by strain, life stage, and product used.
Superlattice structures for nanocrystalline silicon solar cells (2008)

We propose two new techniques for enhancing the performance of nanocrystalline silicon solar cells. The first technique involves the use of superlattice structures of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon layers. We show that the thickness of the amorphous layer is critical in determining the transport properties of the device and that the optimum thickness varies with the nanocrystalline silicon layer thickness. The second design involves the use of high growth temperatures to enhance the grain size. We show that by increasing the grain size, we can attain good device properties, if the intrinsic layer is subjected to post deposition hydrogen anneal while rapidly cooling down. Also we are able to obtain an enhanced response in the infrared quantum efficiency.
Knowledge Extraction and Applications utilizing Context Data in Knowledge Graphs (2019)

Context is widely considered for NLP and knowledge discovery since it highly influences the exact meaning of natural language. The scientific challenge is not only to extract such context data, but also to store this data for further NLP approaches. Here, we propose a multiple step knowledge graphbased approach to utilize context data for NLP and knowledge expression and extraction. We introduce the graph-theoretic foundation for a general context concept within semantic networks and show a proof-of-concept-based on biomedical literature and text mining. We discuss the impact of this novel approach on text analysis, various forms of text recognition and knowledge extraction and retrieval.
A Survey on Quality of Experience of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (2014)

Changing network conditions pose severe problems to video streaming in the Internet. HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is a technology employed by numerous video services that relieves these issues by adapting the video to the current network conditions. It enables service providers to improve resource utilization and Quality of Experience (QoE) by incorporating information from different layers in order to deliver and adapt a video in its best possible quality. Thereby, it allows taking into account end user device capabilities, available video quality levels, current network conditions, and current server load. For end users, the major benefits of HAS compared to classical HTTP video streaming are reduced interruptions of the video playback and higher bandwidth utilization, which both generally result in a higher QoE. Adaptation is possible by changing the frame rate, resolution, or quantization of the video, which can be done with various adaptation strategies and related client- and server-side actions. The technical development of HAS, existing open standardized solutions, but also proprietary solutions are reviewed in this paper as fundamental to derive the QoE influence factors that emerge as a result of adaptation. The main contribution is a comprehensive survey of QoE related works from human computer interaction and networking domains, which are structured according to the QoE impact of video adaptation. To be more precise, subjective studies that cover QoE aspects of adaptation dimensions and strategies are revisited. As a result, QoE influence factors of HAS and corresponding QoE models are identified, but also open issues and conflicting results are discussed. Furthermore, technical influence factors, which are often ignored in the context of HAS, affect perceptual QoE influence factors and are consequently analyzed. This survey gives the reader an overview of the current state of the art and recent developments. At the same time, it targets networking researchers who develop new solutions for HTTP video streaming or assess video streaming from a user centric point of view. Therefore, this paper is a major step toward truly improving HAS.
A Class of Waveguide Filters for Over-Moded Applications (1974)

As the frequency spectrum extends to the millimeter wave range, the rapid rise in intrinsic loss and the diminishing physical dimensions greatly curtail the usefulness of conventional waveguide filters in dominant mode waveguide. The incentive for designing filters in over-moded waveguide is all too apparent. However, filter design in over-moded waveguide faces challenging design criteria, such as mode conversion loss and intrinsic loss, ease of being analyzed and synthesized, and feasibility for economical fabrication. A filter structure is presented which fulfills all aspects of the design objectives. The structure involves a type of discontinuity which is not only free from mode conversion but also extremely simple to characterize analytically. The latter renders feasible the use of available filter synthesis techniques. While the proposed filter structure can be designed either as a bandpass filter, a bandstop filter or a low-pass filter in an over-moded uniform waveguide of arbitrary cross section, for illustration purposes only the low-pass filter in over-moded circular waveguide is discussed in great detail. Design theories are presented which allow the proposed structure to be designed either by the image method or by operating parameter filter synthesis. Excellent agreement between the theory and measurements made on filter models is shown.
Edge Landmarks in Monocular SLAM (2006)

While many visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems use point features as landmarks, few take advantage of the edge information in images. Those SLAM systems that do observe edge features do not consider edges with all degrees of freedom. Edges are difficult to use in vision SLAM because of selection, observation, initialization and data association challenges. A map that includes edge features, however, contains higher-order geometric information useful both during and after SLAM. We define a well-localized edge landmark and present an efficient algorithm for selecting such landmarks. Further, we describe how to initialize new landmarks, observe mapped landmarks in subsequent images, and address the data association challenges of edges. Our methods, implemented in a particle-filter SLAM system, operate at frame rate on live video sequences.
Mouse homologues of human hereditary disease. (1994)

Details are given of 214 loci known to be associated with human hereditary disease, which have been mapped on both human and mouse chromosomes. Forty two of these have pathological variants in both species; in general the mouse variants are similar in their effects to the corresponding human ones, but exceptions include the Dmd/DMD and Hprt/HPRT mutations which cause little, if any, harm in mice. Possible reasons for phenotypic differences are discussed. In most pathological variants the gene product seems to be absent or greatly reduced in both species. The extensive data on conserved segments between human and mouse chromosomes are used to predict locations in the mouse of over 50 loci of medical interest which are mapped so far only on human chromosomes. In about 80% of these a fairly confident prediction can be made. Some likely homologies between mapped mouse loci and unmapped human ones are also given. Sixty six human and mouse proto-oncogene and growth factor gene homologies are also listed; those of confirmed location are all in known conserved segments. A survey of 18 mapped human disease loci and chromosome regions in which the manifestation or severity of pathological effects is thought to be the result of genomic imprinting shows that most of the homologous regions in the mouse are also associated with imprinting, especially those with homologues on human chromosomes 11p and 15q. Useful methods of accelerating the production of mouse models of human hereditary disease include (1) use of a supermutagen, such as ethylnitrosourea (ENU), (2) targeted mutagenesis involving ES cells, and (3) use of gene transfer techniques, with production of 'knockout mutations'.