gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Reversible Regulation between G13 and Rho Exchange Factors (2002)

The heterotrimeric G proteins, G(12) and G(13), mediate signaling between G protein-coupled receptors and the monomeric GTPase, RhoA. One pathway for this modulation is direct stimulation by Galpha(13) of p115 RhoGEF, an exchange factor for RhoA. The GTPase activity of both Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) is increased by the N terminus of p115 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). This region has weak homology to the RGS box sequence of the classic regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), which act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) for G(i) and G(q). Here, the RGS region of p115 RhoGEF is shown to be distinctly different in that sequences flanking the predicted "RGS box" region are required for both stable expression and GAP activity. Deletions in the N terminus of the protein eliminate GAP activity but retain substantial binding to Galpha(13) and activation of RhoA exchange activity by Galpha(13). In contrast, GTRAP48, a homolog of p115 RhoGEF, bound to Galpha(13) but was not stimulated by the alpha subunit and had very poor GAP activity. Besides binding to the N-terminal RGS region, Galpha(13) also bound to a truncated protein consisting only of the Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. However, Galpha(13) did not stimulate the exchange activity of this truncated protein. A chimeric protein, which contained the RGS region of GTRAP48 in place of the endogenous N terminus of p115 RhoGEF, was activated by Galpha(13). These results suggest a mechanism for activation of the nucleotide exchange activity of p115 RhoGEF that involves direct and coordinate interaction of Galpha(13) to both its RGS and DH domains.
Advances in Discrete and Computational Geometry (1999)

Geometric range searching and its relatives by P. K. Agarwal and J. Erickson Deformed products and maximal shadows of polytopes by N. Amenta and G. M. Ziegler Flag complexes, labelled rooted trees, and star shellings by L. J. Billera, C. S. Chan, and N. Liu Discrepancy bounds for geometric set systems with square incidence matrices by B. Chazelle Computational topology by T. K. Dey, H. Edelsbrunner, and S. Guha Recent progress on packing and covering by G. Fejes Toth Acoptic polyhedra by B. Grunbaum A proof of the strict monotone 4-step conjecture by F. Holt and V. Klee Interactions between real algebraic geometry and discrete and computational geometry by I. Itenberg and M.-F. Roy Open problems in the combinatorics of visibility and illumination by J. O'Rourke Halving lines and perfect cross-matchings by J. Pach and J. Solymosi Three-dimensional grid drawings of graphs by J. Pach, T. Thiele, and G. Toth On polygonal covers by M. Pocchiola and G. Vegter The universality theorems for oriented matroids and polytopes by J. Richter-Gebert Periodic and aperiodic tilings of $E^n$ by M. Senechal The early years of computational geometry-A personal memoir by M. I. Shamos Arrangements of surfaces in higher dimensions by M. Sharir Geometric discrepancy theory by J. Spencer Proof of Reay's conjecture on certain positive-dimensional intersections by H. Tverberg Progress in geometric transversal theory by R. Wenger Recent progress on polytopes by G. M. Ziegler Application challenges to computational geometry (CG impact task force report).
Competence versus Care? Gender and Caring Work Revisited (1995)

Feminist scholarship and campaigning have been notably successful in recent years in putting the concept of the unpaid carer onto the public agenda. The caring that women do as a feature of paid work, however, has proved a more intractable topic. This paper argues that masculinist visions gender the concepts of bureaucracy and profession, dichotomizing competence and care, and masking both the reality and the potential of public carework. The paper proposes a distinction between caregiving, carework and professional care. It then develops an analysis of professional care by reference to a recent campaign by the leading nurses' organization in the UK, seeking to highlight the worth of nursing work. It notes that the carework discussion has barely any echo in the debate about the 'new managerialism' in the public sector and argues that a critical understanding of the centrality of binary gendered thought is crucial to a constructive critique of today's emphasis on bringing health care into the market-place.
Degree of entanglement for two qubits (2001)

We demonstrate that any pure bipartite state of two qubits may be decomposed into a superposition of a maximally entangled state and an orthogonal factorizable one. Although there are many such decompositions, the weights of the two superposed states are, remarkably, unique. We propose a measure of entanglement based on this decomposition. We also demonstrate that this measure is connected to three measures of entanglement previously set forth: maximal violation of Bell's inequality, concurrence, and two-particle visibility.
Autoimmune diseases in the TH17 era (2009)

A new subtype of CD4+ T lymphocytes characterized by the production of interleukin 17, i.e., TH17 cells, has been recently described. This novel T cell subset is distinct from type 1 and type 2 T helper cells. The major feature of this subpopulation is to generate significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, therefore appearing to be critically involved in protection against infection caused by extracellular microorganisms, and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergy. The dynamic balance among subsets of T cells is important for the modulation of several steps of the immune response. Disturbances in this balance may cause a shift from normal immunologic physiology to the development of immune-mediated disorders. In autoimmune diseases, the fine balance between the proportion and degree of activation of the various T lymphocyte subsets can contribute to persistent undesirable inflammatory responses and tissue replacement by fibrosis. This review highlights the importance of TH17 cells in this process by providing an update on the biology of these cells and focusing on their biology and differentiation processes in the context of immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases.
Itraconazole, a new triazole that is orally active in aspergillosis (1984)

Itraconazole is a new orally active triazole derivative with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. This drug is effective in experimental aspergillosis and possesses in vitro activity against various species and strains of Aspergillus. Morphological destruction of inoculated hyphae and complete inhibition of hyphal outgrowth in culture is obtained from 0.07 micrograms ml-1 (10(-7)M) onward. These properties make itraconazole a likely candidate for clinical evaluation in disseminated aspergillosis.
South Africa - The business environment for industrial small and medium enterprises (1996)

To resolve South Africa's pressing unemployment problems, the country urgently needs to move towards a more labor-demanding pattern of growth. As it emerges from the apartheid era, it is important that there be enhanced opportunities for business participation by historically excluded segments of society. A new trajectory of industrial development which can yield increases in employment and productivity, increased output and investment and broader-based participation is called for. Consequently, an ambitious program of industrial reform is now underway - including tariff reforms, a progressive relaxation of exchange controls, a systematic drive to promote small, micro and medium enterprises (SMEs), initiatives to upgrade labor skills, and a heightened emphasis on fostering technological and organizational development within firms. Since 1991, the World Bank has supported these efforts - working collaboratively with South Africans on a series of informal studies, and arranging for international experts to participate in the formulation of new policies and programs. As a result, over the past 3 years, the outline of an industrial strategy which has the potential to achieve these objectives has come into view. One key element of that strategy is to strengthen the export and domestic competitiveness of downstream, light manufacturing. This study draws on the results of a survey of 165 firms conducted in August 1993 to explore to what extent South Africa's SMEs have the potential to participate centrally in a labor-demanding industrial strategy built around exports of light manufactures. It probes what are the constraints to SME participation, and how these might be relieved. The paper first reviews the performance of a sample selection of SMEs. It then addresses some constraints on SME performance. Finally, the paper describes industry structure as well as competitive conduct.
Application of Nonlinear Vibration Isolators (1957)

Suitable combinations of nonlinear coil springs are developed in the form of vibration isolators to provide relatively high isolation values for small static deflections. Isolator properties, determined by spring parameters are; static deflection, dynamic spring rate, linear range, and snubbing effect. Inherent features of these isolators are lateral as well as axial stability, which, together with comparatively small over-all dimensions are found to be of advantage in practical application.
<i>N</i>-(2-Aminoethyl) Ethanolamine-Induced Morphological, Biochemical, and Biophysical Alterations in Vascular Matrix Associated With Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm (2015)

Dissecting aortic aneurysm (DAA) is an extended tear in the wall of the aorta along the plane of the vascular media. Our previous studies indicated in a developmental animal model, that DAA was related to pathological alteration in collagen, especially collagen type III. Accordingly, in the present studies, neonatal aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams were treated with N-(2-aminoethyl) ethanolamine (AEEA), which, as shown previously, causes DAA in offspring. Morphological changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by VSMC in vitro were detailed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biochemical changes in cells and ECM produced by VSMCs were defined by Western blotting. Biophysical changes of the collagen extracted from both the ECM produced by VSMC and extracted from fetal rat aortas were studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). ECM disruption and irregularities were observed in VSMCs treated with AEEA by SEM. Western blotting showed that collagen type I was much more extractable, accompanied by a decrease of the pellet size after urea buffer extraction in the AEEA-treated VSMC when compared with the control. AFM found that collagen samples extracted from the fetal rat aortas of the AEEA-treated dam, and in the in vitro formed ECM prepared by decellularization, became stiffer, or more brittle, indicating that the 3D organization associated with elasticity was altered by AEEA exposure. Our results show that AEEA causes significant morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical alterations in the ECM. These in vitro and in vivo strategies are advantageous in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of DAA.
[The effect of phytogenic brassinosteroid steroidal hormones on transport of 86Rb+ ions into human erythrocytes]. (1997)

The uptake of 86Rb+ ions by human erythrocytes as the measure of inhibition or stimulation of Na+, K(+)-ATPase by synthetic brassinolides, steroid fytohormonal promotors, was determined. No compound of the 12 tested brassinosteroids exerted higher inhibition of ATPase than digitoxin. A lower but significant inhibition of ion transport by 3 of tested derivatives, and a stimulation by 4 compounds was found. All active compounds were steroids with a 7-membered B-ring with an oxygen atom in the position 7a and with an oxogroup in position 6, i.e. they contained an lactone ring which is characteristic for natural brassinosteroids.
Automatic visual solder joint inspection (1985)

An approach is described for the automatic inspection of solder joints on printed circuit boards. Common defects are identified in solder joints and a joint is classified as being good or belonging to one of the defective classes. The motivation for this classification is not just the detection of defective joints, but the desire to automatically take corrective action on the assembly line. The features used for classification are based on characteristics of intensity surfaces. It is shown that features derived from facets and Gaussian curvature are effective in the classification of solder joints using a minimum-distance classification algorithm. Class separation plots are shown to be useful for quickly studying individual effectiveness of a feature or pair of features in classification. Results show the efficacy of the described approach.
Techniques for Thick-Section Golgi Impregnation of Formalin-Fixed Brain Tissue (2004)

The histologic staining technique for central nervous system (CNS) tissue known as the Golgi technique was initially developed more than 125 yr ago. It was with this technique that, for the first time, whole nerve cells and their processes were simultaneously observed microscopically. Although the technique was widely used in the early 20th century, its use languished to some extent until the late 1900s when, used in conjunction with ultrastructural studies, it began to provide new insights into microscopic anatomy and pathology of the CNS. Several permutations of the technique have evolved since its early stages. The one represented in this chapter was developed so that Golgi-impregnated CNS tissues could be embedded in polymerized plastic and cut into relatively thick sections for light microscopic study. The advantages are that (a) sections of the clear and almost colorless plastic allow enhanced visualization of the intricate structure and ramification of dendritic elements of CNS neurons, (b) because of the relatively thick microscopic sections (25-30 micro m), details of lengths and arborization of dendritic "trees" can be studied and photographed to provide greater detail than in thinner sections, and (c) numbers and morphologic characteristics of synaptic spines can be precisely evaluated.
Verification studies of thermophoretic protection for extreme ultraviolet masks (2005)

A “thermophoretic pellicle” has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional organic pellicle as a means of protecting extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic photomasks from particle contamination. The thermophoretic pellicle protects a mask from particles by exploiting the thermophoretic force, which is exerted on a particle by a surrounding gas in which a temperature gradient exists. Two critical requirements of the thermophoretic pellicle are: (1) the mask is kept warmer than its surroundings and (2) the surrounding gas pressure is kept sufficiently high to enable thermophoretic protection. Experiments are presented which verify the viability of thermophoretic protection for EUV masks. In these experiments, wafers are exposed to a monodisperse, polystyrene-latex-sphere aerosol under carefully controlled experimental conditions. Robust thermophoretic protection is observed over a wide range of argon gas pressures (50–1600mTorr or 6.66–213Pa), particle sizes (65–300nm), and temperature gradients (2–15K∕cm). Numerical simulations of the thermophoretic pellicle show good agreement with the data.
Sonographic demonstration of duodenobiliary reflux with soda enhancement (2004)

Cholangitis rarely occurs after sphincteroplasty if there is no biliary obstruction. We report the case of a patient who developed recurrent cholangitis despite having a patent biliary tract after sphincteroplasty. Duodenobiliary reflux was demonstrated on sonography after enhancement of the reflux flow with a novel oral contrast agent, a carbonated soda beverage. Sonography with contrast enhancement provided by soda solution may prove satisfactory to detect duodenobiliary reflux after sphincteroplasty safely, effectively, and economically.
Video summarization using personal photo libraries (2006)

In this paper, we propose a video summarization system which takes into account users' individual preferences by using their personal photo libraries. Nowadays it is common, especially among people of younger generations, to store thousands of photos inside their PCs and manage them using software such as iPhoto and Picasa. These personal photo libraries contain rich information about the user's tastes, personalities, and lifestyles. Since still photos are in many aspects similar to video as a medium, we assume that these personal photo libraries can be used to estimate users' preferences on video summarization.Our system first divides a movie into short segments, and uses image classification techniques to judge whether each segment is meaningful to the user or not. If many photos with contents similar to the segment can be found in the user's photo library, the segment is judged as being "important" to the user. Conventional image classification techniques use public or commercial photo databases as training data, while our system uses personal photo libraries. This difference leads to the need of several modifications in the classification process.We have implemented a prototype version of our system, and have validated the effectiveness of our approach through evaluating both the accuracy of our image classification algorithm, and users' subjective satisfaction levels of the summarization results.
Benefit of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in<b><i> Fusarium </i></b>Keratitis (2012)

Fusarium keratitis is a severe ocular infection. We report on the use of PHMB in 3 patients given additionally or as sole antifungal drug. We emphasize the benefit of PHMB 0.02% in Fusarium keratitis which might be considered as a therapeutic option especially in cases refractory to common antifungal therapy and possibly in keratitis due to other fungi.
[Relationship between the stage of diabetic nephropathy and serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations--influence of hypoproteinemia]. (1996)

1) The serum Lp(a) levels in diabetics were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic controls. 2) Serum Lp(a) concentrations in microalbuminuric subjects were significantly higher than those in normoalbuminuric subjects, and were further increased in macroalbuminuric subjects. 3) In macroalbuminuric subjects, serum Lp(a) concentrations were inversely correlated with serum protein concentrations, but not with serum creatinine. 4) Once hemodialysis was started, the decrement of both serum Lp (a) and LDL-C concentrations were associated with the increment of serum protein concentrations. These data indicate that elevation of serum Lp (a) concentration in overt nephropathy could be, at least in part, due to hypoproteinemia.
Structure Property Analysis of Pentamethine Indocyanine Dyes:  Identification of a New Dye for Life Science Applications (2004)

A collection of nine pentamethine indocyanine dyes was synthesized, and the photophysical characteristics relevant to applications in cell biology and single molecule detection were analyzed in detail. Substituents at the aromatic system covering the auxochromic series and substitutions in the polymethine chain were investigated with respect to absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence autocorrelations. Substitutions in the polymethine chain increased the nonradiative energy dissipation of the excited singlet state and decreased the fluorescence quantum yield, relative to the unsubstituted compound. For substituents at the aromatic rings the fluorescence quantum yield negatively correlates with the position of the substituents in the auxochromic series -SO(3)(-), -H, -F, -CH(3). Compounds with sulfonic acid groups or halogen atoms attached to the indolenine systems had the highest fluorescence quantum yields. The compound S0387 had nearly 70% of the quantum yield of Cy5 and comparable photostability. The free carboxylic acid of S0387 was attached to peptides in high yield and purity by established procedures of solid-phase synthesis. The dye-labeled peptides did not aggregate or bind to tissue culture cells and proteins unspecifically. The indocyanine dye S0387 is therefore an attractive new fluorophore for in vitro and cell-based detection of receptor ligand interaction at nanomolar concentrations by flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and laser scanning microscopy.
Efficient Lipid Delivery to Hybridoma Culture by Use of Cyclodextrin in a Novel Granulated Dry‐Form Medium Technology (2003)

Lipids are critical nutrients for high density eukaryotic cell cultivation, but inclusion of lipid components into dry-form media has been technically challenging. Lipid supplements are usually supplied for separate addition after powder reconstitution and filtration, which increases manipulation and risk in a biopharmaceutical manufacturing facility. Advanced Granulation Technology (AGT) is a novel dry-form media format designed for large-scale biopharmaceutical manufacture. All components of a complex formulation are homogeneously incorporated into a single granulated medium that simply requires water addition to yield a complete reconstituted 1X medium. We investigated whether cyclodextrin technology could be combined with the AGT process to deliver usable lipid in a dry medium format. The test lipids were cholesterol and several fatty acids supplied either as an aseptic supplement to liquid media or as part of a complete AGT formulation. The test system utilized a cholesterol auxotroph, NS0, and a protein-free basal formulation (CD Hybridoma Medium), with or without supplemental lipid. Post-filtration recovery of cholesterol from AGT-processed materials compared favorably with media supplemented with liquid lipid concentrates. Cell growth and viability and expression of recombinant protein were equivalent in all test media.
Extension of the DNA binding consensus of the chicken c-Myb and v-Myb proteins (1992)

The chicken c-myb gene and the v-myb oncogene transduced by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) encode DNA binding transcription activators. The DNA binding domain of AMV v-Myb displays a number of amino acid changes relative to c-Myb; v-Myb proteins in which one or more of three crucial residues in the DNA binding domain are mutated to resemble the c-Myb sequence display altered transformation phenotypes. In order to establish whether the spectrum of DNA binding sites which AMV v-Myb can recognise is different from that seen by chicken c-Myb, a site selection protocol was used to derive consensus binding sequences for three variant Myb proteins made in vitro, and also using nuclear extract from the v-myb transformed cell line BM2. The results show that the original consensus binding site defined for v-Myb, YAA-CKG, can be extended to YAACKGHH, and that this new consensus holds for both v-Myb and chicken c-Myb.