gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Hepatotoxic Effect of KC Chemokine in the Liver Without Infiltration of Neutrophils (2005)

KC is a mouse homolog of human chemokine gro-alpha (CXCL1), expression of which is increased in liver diseases. We show that activated, but not quiescent, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) express KC. Hepatic stellate cells constitutively express the KC receptor, CXCR2. Addition of recombinant KC to HSCs undergoing activation in culture increases secretion and processing of Type I collagen. Overexpression of endogenous KC in the mouse liver could be achieved by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4), followed after 24 hrs by an injection of recombinant KC into circulation. This protocol resulted in about a 14-fold increase in concentration of KC protein in the liver. Overexpression of KC was associated with upregulation of the mRNA for CXCR2 and MIP-2 and with necrosis and increased synthesis of Type I collagen. This suggests that KC has a direct hepatotoxic effect, which led to a massive liver necrosis after 48 hrs. No accumulation of neutrophils was seen in the livers as judged by histology and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of myeloperoxidase mRNA. Autostimulation of KC and CXCR2 expression by recombinant KC protein in the mice with preexisting liver injury indicates a positive feedback regulation. Such regulation and direct hepatotoxicity of KC with increased collagen synthesis represent novel findings about the role of KC/ gro-alpha in liver pathology.
Pediatric Intensive Care: The Parentsʼ Experience (1998)

A child's emergent admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can strike fear and feelings of helplessness into the hearts of parents who only hours earlier had been in control of their lives. Acute critical illness seriously threatens the parents' ability to fulfill their familiar and important roles of protecting and providing for their child. The PICU setting can rapidly undermine the sense of competence, control, and stability of even the most dedicated parents. Parental stress is primarily caused by their displacement from familiar roles, the child's appearance and behavior, and difficulties in communicating with staff members. In planning interventions, these issues should be considered as well as the specific needs that parents have emphasized: accurate information, ready access to their children, and meaningful participation in their children's care. Advanced practice nurses are in an excellent position to improve delivery of psychosocial services to parents of critically ill children through direct care, acting as models of care practices and mentoring staff, staff education, policy development, and clinical research.
Remote memory as a resource in distributed systems (2003)

To reduce reliance on disk I/O, the remote memory model is extended, such that dedicated server machines with substantial amounts of memory provide backing storage to client workstations. Remote memory provides the traditional service of swap space, but at faster access speeds. The remote memory server manages objects created, named, and destroyed by client machines. Objects are named by clients and can be shared by multiple clients. The memory server keeps track of idle memory available on other machines, shipping objects to those machines as needed. The memory server is operating-system- and architecture-independent, allowing all network clients to use the memory server. Thus, performance of the overall system can be improved by adding memory to the shared server.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Economía urbana y calidad de vida. Una revisión del estado de conocimiento en España (2006)

Quality of life is increasingly becoming a concept researched empirically and theoretically in the field of economics. In urban economics in particular, this increasing interest stems mainly from the fact that quality of life affects urban competitiveness and urban growth: research shows that when households and businesses decide where to locate, quality of life considerations can play a very important role. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the way economic literature and urban economic literature in particular, have adopted quality of life considerations in the economic thinking. Moreover, it presents the ways various studies have attempted to capture the multidimensional nature of the concept, and quantify it for the purposes of empirical research. Additionally we focus on the state of the art in Spain. Looking at the experiences in the last years we see very important possibilities of developing new studies in the field.
Minimal Neuropsychological Assessment of MS Patients: A Consensus Approach (2002)

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet patients seen in MS clinics and neurologic practices are not routinely assessed neuropsychologically. In part, poor utilization of NP services may be attributed to a lack of consensus among neuropsychologists regarding the optimal approach for evaluating MS patients. An expert panel composed of neuropsychologists and psychologists from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia was convened by the Consortium of MS Centers (CMSC) in April, 2001. Our objectives were to: (a) propose a minimal neuropsychological (NP) examination for clinical monitoring of MS patients and research, and (b) identify strategies for improving NP assessment of MS patients in the future. The panel reviewed pertinent literature on MS-related cognitive dysfunction, considered psychometric factors relevant to NP assessment, defined the purpose and optimal characteristics of a minimal NP examination in MS, and rated the psychometric and practical properties of 36 candidate NP measures based on available literature. A 90-minute NP battery, the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS), emerged from this discussion. The MACFIMS is composed of seven neuropsychological tests, covering five cognitive domains commonly impaired in MS (processing speed/working memory, learning and memory, executive function, visual-spatial processing, and word retrieval). It is supplemented by a measure of estimated premorbid cognitive ability. Recommendations for assessing other factors that may potentially confound interpretation of NP data (e.g., visual/sensory/motor impairment, fatigue, and depression) are offered, as well as strategies for improving NP assessment of MS patients in the future.
Thiazolopyridine analogs of nalidixic acid. 2. Thiazolo[4,5‐<i>b</i>]pyridines (1984)

Abstract A series of 2‐substituted 4‐ethyl‐4,7‐dihydro‐7‐oxothiazolo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine‐6‐carboxylic acids were synthesized. Antibacterial activity was tested in vitro . None of the new compounds prepared showed any interesting antibacterial activity in vitro against the strains tested.
Immunohistologic evaluation of metastatic carcinomas of unknown origin: an algorithmic approach. (2000)

Pathologists are now asked frequently to determine the primary site for metastatic carcinomas of unknown origin (MCUO), using adjunctive morphological techniques such as electron microscopy, immunohistology, and other modalities. The authors present an algorithmic immunohistochemical approach to this problem that is based on their experience with over 2,800 routinely-processed epithelial malignancies of various types. These have been studied with antibodies to keratins, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, MOC-31, tumor associated-glycoprotein-72 (recognized by monoclonal antibody B72.3), prostate-specific antigen, thyroglobulin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125, CA19-9, placental alkaline phosphatase, S100 protein, and estrogen receptor protein. The algorithm that is structured around these 14 analytes is based on the relative predictive value of each marker, which in turn, determines its place in the sequence of interpretation. The authors' experience with this approach shows 67% accuracy with regard to the ultimately determined site of origin for MCUO, a figure which is similar to that reported by other investigators.
Alteration of reaction and substrate specificity of a bacterial type III polyketide synthase by site-directed mutagenesis (2002)

RppA, which belongs to the type III polyketide synthase family, catalyses the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN), which is the key intermediate of melanin biosynthesis in the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. The reaction of THN synthesis catalysed by RppA is unique in the type III polyketide synthase family, in that it selects malonyl-CoA as a starter substrate. The Cys-His-Asn catalytic triad is also present in RppA, as in plant chalcone synthases, as revealed by analyses of active-site mutants having amino acid replacements at Cys(138), His(270) and Asn(303) of RppA. Site-directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues that are likely to form the active-site cavity revealed that the aromatic ring of Tyr(224) is essential for RppA to select malonyl-CoA as a starter substrate, since substitution of Tyr(224) by amino acids other than Phe and Trp abolished the ability of RppA to accept malonyl-CoA as a starter, whereas the mutant enzymes Y224F and Y224W were capable of synthesizing THN via the malonyl-CoA-primed reaction. Of the site-directed mutants generated, A305I was found to produce only a triketide pyrone from hexanoyl-CoA as starter substrate, although wild-type RppA synthesizes tetraketide and triketide pyrones in the hexanoyl-CoA-primed reaction. The kinetic parameters of Ala(305) mutants and identification of their products showed that the substitution of Ala(305) by bulky amino acid residues restricted the number of elongations of the growing polyketide chain. Both Tyr(224) (important for starter substrate selection) and Ala(305) (important for intermediate elongation) were found to be conserved in three other RppAs from Streptomyces antibioticus and Streptomyces lividans.
ACIDIFIED WHOLE MILK AS A ROUTINE INFANT FOOD (1923)

Some young infants may be satisfactorily fed on whole undiluted cow's milk given in the same amounts as human breast milk. The majority, however, when so fed fail to thrive in a normal manner and develop gastro-intestinal and nutritional disturbances. This fact has led to the common practice of feeding infants lesser amounts of cow's milk than of breast milk, and making up the deficiency in calories by the addition of some form of carbohydrate. The total volume of the food is made up by the addition of water. In other words, the milk is diluted and sugar is added. Various theoretical explanations for the necessity of such modifications of cow's milk have been given. It has been assumed, for example, that the infant is incapable of digesting protein when it occurs in a concentration of 3.5 per cent., as in cow's milk, but can digest it when its concentration
Asbestos, Lung Cancers, and Mesotheliomas (2010)

Fifteen years have passed since we published findings in the AJRCMB demonstrating that induction of early response fos/jun proto-oncogenes in rodent tracheal and mesothelial cells correlates with fibrous geometry and pathogenicity of asbestos. Our study was the first to suggest that the aberrant induction of signaling responses by crocidolite asbestos and erionite, a fibrous zeolite mineral associated with the development of malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) in areas of Turkey, led to altered gene expression. New data questioned the widely held belief at that time that the carcinogenic effects of asbestos in the development of lung cancer and MM were due to genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Later studies by our group revealed that proto-oncogene expression and several of the signaling pathways activated by asbestos were redox dependent, explaining why antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes were elevated in lung and pleura after exposure to asbestos and how they alleviated many of the phenotypic and functional effects of asbestos in vitro or after inhalation. Since these original studies, our efforts have expanded to understand the interface between asbestos-induced redox-dependent signal transduction cascades, the relationship between these pathways and cell fate, and the role of asbestos and cell interactions in development of asbestos-associated diseases. Of considerable significance is the fact that the signal transduction pathways activated by asbestos are also important in survival and chemoresistance of MMs and lung cancers. An understanding of the pathogenic features of asbestos fibers and dysregulation of signaling pathways allows strategies for the prevention and therapy of asbestos-related diseases.
Postnatal Cadmium Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and Blood Pressure in Children at 2, 5, and 7 Years of Age (2009)

We found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study.
N-terminal halves of gramicidin S synthetase 1, and tyrocidine synthetase 1 as novel members of firefly luciferase family. (1990)

It was found, by computer-assisted homology search, that the N-terminal halves of gramicidin S synthetase 1 and tyrocidine synthetase 1 are homologous with beetle luciferases and plant 4-coumarate:CoA ligases. The comparison of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes showed that they are involved in similar reactions; the adenylation of their substrates and the formation of thiolester. Structural and functional implication of the sequence homology and molecular evolution of these proteins are discussed.
MELT PROCESSING OF YBaCuO SUPERCONDUCTORS AND CRITICAL CURRENTS (1990)

In the Y–Ba–Cu–O system, the superconducting phase is produced by a peritectic reaction: Y 2 BaCuO 5 (211) + L → 2YBa 2 Cu 3 O x (123). In order to promote the continuous growth of the 123 phase, uniform distribution of 211 in the liquid is required. In this review, I first present the melt process which enables us to achieve fine dispersion of 211 in the liquid. Large 123 crystals can be grown from this precursor structure by slow cooling in temperature gradient. As a result of incomplete peritectic reaction, the crystals contain fine 211 inclusions. The fine dispersion of 211 inclusions in the 123 matrix is considered to have three beneficial effects: 1) to suppress crack formation; 2) to promote oxygen diffusion; and 3) to provide pinning centers. Such crystals exhibit large J c values exceeding 10 4 A/cm 2 at 77 K and 1 T according to both transport and magnetic measurements. Magnetization measurements also show that the critical state model is established in the sample indicating that no weak-link is present. Flux creep rate is reasonably small compared to that of single crystals. Attainable J c due to the 211 inclusions is estimated based on the conventional flux pinning theory. Finally, I propose the application of such crystals as a superconducting permanent magnet.
NECESIDAD DE CREACIÓN DE UNA IMAGEN DEFINIDA PARA LA EURORREXIÓN GALICIA-NORTE DE PORTUGAL: UN PRODUCTO DESCONOCIDO PARA SUS CONSUMIDORES (2010)

The Eurorregion Galicia-North Portugal looks like a future space for students of University in Portugal and Galicia. Our investigation is about the knowledge they have
Ultrasonic Removal of Organic Deposits and Polymer Induced Formation Damage (1996)

Abstract Experiments were conducted that evaluate the feasibility of using high intensity acoustic sources to remove near wellbore formation damage caused by organic deposits (paraffins and asphaltenes) and polymers (HEC). It is shown that mechanical agitation provided by the acoustic waves effectively re-suspends the paraffin and restores the effective permeability of the core to oil to its undamaged condition in a relatively short period of time. The depth of treatment is approximately 12-15 cm. This suggests that an acoustic source with or without solvents may provide an effective method of removing paraffins from the wellbore and the near wellbore region. Acoustics was not found to be as effective at restoring the permeability of cores damaged by polymers (HEC). Only small (factor of 1.5) increases in permeability were obtained for both poorly mixed and well mixed HEC. Experiments conducted over a range of frequencies and acoustic intensities allow us to specify the design requirements for a field deployable transducer. Eight such transducers have been incorporated into a through tubing tool that has recently been built and is now available for field testing. Our results demonstrate that acoustic cleaning may be a viable method for cleaning both the wellbore and near wellbore region when paraffin precipitation is a problem. The method would be particularly effective at treating long sections of pay (horizontal wells) where chemical methods may be too expensive. Acoustic cleaning is much less effective for treating polymer damage problems.
Improving reading rates and comprehension through timed repeated reading (2013)

Thirteen English as a foreign language students read 26 passages during a 13-week period. Each passage was read five times, and students answered comprehension questions after the first and the fifth reading. Another 13 students read the same number of passages but without repetition and only answered the comprehension questions once. All students were tested based on two practiced texts and one unpracticed text before and after the intervention. The results of reading rates showed that the repeated reading students increased 47 words and 45 words per minute in the practiced and unpracticed texts respectively, but the non-repeated students increased 13 and 7 words only. The comprehension levels of the repeated reading students improved 19% and 17% for the practiced and unpracticed texts, but this was 5% and 3% for the non-repeated reading students. Possible reasons for the higher gains compared to previous studies are discussed.
A User Study with GUIs Tailored for Smartphones and Tablet PCs (2013)

Usually, Web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are not specifically tailored for different devices with touch-screens, such as smartphones and tablet PCs, where interaction is affected mainly by screen size. There is little scientific evidence on the conditions under which additional taps for navigation are better than scrolling or vice versa. Therefore, we conducted a user study in which we experimentally evaluated GUIs tailored for a smartphone and a tablet PC, respectively. Each participant performed the same task with two different layouts of the same GUI, either on a given smartphone or tablet PC. We collected quantitative data through measuring task completion time and error rates, as well as qualitative data through subjective questionnaires. The main result is that tailoring a GUI specifically for a smartphone or tablet PC, respectively, is important, since screen size matters. Users performed significantly better when they could use the tailored version on the given device. This preference was also reflected in their subjective opinions.
Design and full-wave analysis of supershaped patch antennas (2013)

The rapid development of wireless communication systems and the subsequent burst of wireless devices place several demands on the antenna designs. In particular, the development of high-performance radio systems require the adoption of broadband antennas featuring low profile, high gain, embedded installation and reduced manufacturing costs. Printed antennas, despite their inherent limitations can meet most of these requirements by employing innovative design solutions aiming at improving their electromagnetic performance. In this respect, a novel class of supershaped patch antennas is introduced and thoroughly investigated. The geometry of the proposed radiating structures is described by the polar equation known in the scientific literature as superformula or Gielis equation. Such equation can generate a large variety of different nature-inspired and abstract shapes which translates into the possibility of automatically reshaping the geometry of the radiating patch through the tuning of its parameters and consequently modifying the circuital performance and the radiation properties. In this context, the commercially available CST Studio Suite, based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT), is used to perform the numerically based time domain full-wave analysis of the supershaped patch antennas. These simulations help to the deduction of useful conclusions upon the characteristics of general supershaped patch antennas as a function of the pertinent Gielis parameters. Moreover, a new developed semi-analytical method is used in order to obtain a meaningful physical insight to the operation of these antennas. At the end, we explore the possibilities of building novel high-performance antenna structures based on the supershape formula that are intended for modern applications. This investigation led in the conception of two dual-band supershaped patch antenna configurations designed for the WLAN IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards. The proposed planar designs are not only low-cost and simple to manufacture but also exhibit a plethora of attractive characteristics such as exact mathematical shaping definition, multi-band/wideband operation, very low cross-polarization levels, high radiation efficiency, frequency control capability, etc.
Pulmonary arterial and alveolar development in normal postnatal rat lung. (1982)

The postnatal development of rat lung was studied by quantitative light microscopic techniques at 12 hours and at 3, 8, 11, 15, 22, and 36 days of age. Particular emphasis was placed on the pulmonary arterial circulation. At birth the lung is not the adult lung in miniature; adaptation occurs through a series of relatively fast steps. A spurt of alveolar multiplication occurs between 3 and 8 days of age, followed, between 8 and 11 days, by one of arterial multiplication. Muscular, partially muscular, and nonmuscular arteries are present within the acinus from birth and their proportion, in each intra-acinar region, is similar at all ages examined except in the alveolar wall where muscular arteries are not found before 11 days of age. Between 12 hours and 8 days, medial thickness of the intra-acinar arteries decreases. At about 15 days of age this decrease is followed, in both pre-acinar and intra-acinar regions, by an increase in medial thickness. Between 12 hours and 3 days, absolute weight of the right ventricle decreases. This pattern of growth indicates that, at certain times, lung development is especially susceptible to injury and, also, that the nature of the disturbance is determined by its timing.
EVALUATION, PROGNOSIS, AND MEDICAL TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS OF METASTATIC BONE TUMORS (1992)

Metastatic cancer can cause severe pain and disability. Metastases can occur in any bone, but usually are located in the axial or proximal appendicular skeleton. The most frequently encountered primary tumors that spread to bone are those of the prostate, breast, kidney, lung, and thyroid. When the origin of the primary cancer is known, skeletal metastases are more often from breast or prostate. When the primary site is unknown, the lung and kidney should be suspected as sites of origin. The nonoperative management of skeletal metastases from multiple myeloma and from carcinomas of the prostate, breast, kidney, lung, and thyroid are discussed.
Urea cycle disorders in Spain: an observational, cross-sectional and multicentric study of 104 cases (2014)

Studies like this make it possible to analyze the frequency, natural history and clinical practices in the area of rare diseases, with the purpose of knowing the needs of the patients and thus planning their care.