gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal bacteria antagonistic to <i>Clostridium difficile</i> in mice (1987)

Overgrowth by Clostridium difficile has been reported in conventional mice injected intraperitoneally with ampicillin. In this study, we aimed to determine which types of indigenous intestinal bacteria were eliminated by ampicillin to allow overgrowth by C. difficile. C. difficile overgrowth was associated with a decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli, an increase in bacteroidaceae and a slight decrease in the frequency of isolation of fusiform-shaped bacteria (clostridia). C. difficile cytotoxin was detected in caeca from mice in which the numbers of C. difficile were greater than 10(5) per gram of faeces. Gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with various groups of intestinal anaerobes to determine which members of the indigenous flora would antagonize C. difficile. Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with three strains of lactobacilli, 37 strains of bacteroides or 46 strains of clostridia isolated from limited-flora mice were unable to eliminate C. difficile. C. difficile was eliminated, however, from the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with whole faeces or chloroform-treated faeces from conventional mice or whole faeces from limited-flora mice containing only clostridia.
Assessment of tidal volume over time in preterm infants using respiratory inductance plethysmography (1997)

Non-invasive techniques for monitoring ventilation in infants are widely used in short-term laboratory-studies but have not been evaluated in routine clinical settings. To determine whether respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) can provide reproducible measurements of tidal volume (VT) in premature infants over an extended period of time, we monitored respiration in eight healthy preterm infants over 4.9 +/- 1.0 hours (mean +/- SD). The algebraic sum (Sum) of rib cage (RC) and abdominal (AB) motion signals (obtained by RIP) was calculated and presented over the entire recording period as percent of an initial 5 minute calibration period. VT was simultaneously measured with a nasal mask pneumotachometer with infants in prone and supine positions during active and quiet sleep. Infants were studied in the morning (AM) and again in the afternoon (PM). Between these studies they were returned to the nursery wearing the RIP in a continuous record mode. For all patients there was a significant linear relationship between VT (in mL measured by pneumotachometer) and Sum (in % of calibration value, RIP). Neither the slope of the relationship (0.074 +/- 0.03 in AM vs. 0.071 +/- 0.02 in PM), nor its variability as measured by standard error of the estimate (SEE) (2.3 +/- 0.5 in AM vs. 2.5 +/- 0.8 in PM) changed significantly from AM to PM. The relationship between VT and Sum, as well as the variability of that relationship, was not altered by position, asynchrony of RC and AB, respiratory rate, or percent RC contribution to Sum. We conclude that RIP produces consistent measurements of respiratory effort over 5 hours in healthy preterm infants without need for recalibration and is not affected by routine care.
Evaluating change in clinical status: reliability and measures of agreement for the assessment of glenohumeral range of motion. (2010)

Assessment of AROM and PROM in supine achieves superior reliability. The use of either a single or multiple raters affects the number of movements that achieved clinically meaningful reliability. Some movements consistently did not achieve the criterion and may not be the best movements to monitor treatment outcome.
Chemistry of olefin oligomerization over ZSM-5 catalyst (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of olefin oligomerization over ZSM-5 catalystRichard J. Quann, Larry A. Green, Samuel A. Tabak, and Frederick J. KrambeckCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 4, 565–570Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00076a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00076a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3913Altmetric-Citations260LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Posttransplantation hemodynamics and exercise function are not affected by body-size matching of donor and recipient. (1993)

Because the number of heart transplantations performed is limited by the number of available donor hearts, many centers have expanded the acceptable criteria for donor hearts in an attempt to provide a sufficient number of donors for the number of patients awaiting heart transplantation. Traditionally, body-size matching has been an important criteria for matching donors with potential heart transplant recipients. Although initially thought to be detrimental, studies have shown no difference in survival of patients who receive hearts from smaller donors, but heart performance in this subset of patients who receive undersized hearts has not been extensively examined. We assessed exercise capacity and 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics in 72 consecutive adult orthotopic heart transplant recipients, grouped according to donor-recipient weight ratio and the ratio of donor to recipient body surface area. Total exercise time and relative oxygen consumption were not significantly different among three groups of patients grouped according to donor-recipient body weight ratio as follows: low, 0.60 to 0.79; mid, 0.80 to 1.0; high, more than 1.0. No difference was noted among the three donor-recipient weight ratio groups with respect to 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics. Similarly, 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics were not different between patients with a body surface area ratio of less than 1.0 versus those with a body surface area ratio of 1.0 or more. Differences in pretransplantation hemodynamics or graft preservation did not affect our results. Neither donor-recipient weight ratio nor body surface area ratio correlated with any posttransplantation hemodynamic measurement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rhes Suppression Enhances Disease Phenotypes in Huntington's Disease Mice (2014)

In Huntington's disease (HD) mutant HTT is ubiquitously expressed yet the striatum undergoes profound early degeneration. Cell culture studies suggest that a striatal-enriched protein, Rhes, may account for this vulnerability. We investigated the therapeutic potential of silencing Rhes in vivo using inhibitory RNAs (miRhes). While Rhes suppression was tolerated in wildtype mice, it failed to improve rotarod function in two distinct HD mouse models. Additionally, miRhes treated HD mice had increased anxiety-like behaviors and enhanced striatal atrophy as measured by longitudinal MRI when compared to control treated mice. These findings raise caution regarding the long-term implementation of inhibiting Rhes as a therapy for HD.
Object mapping for layered cooperative systems (2003)

The paper introduces a new model for inter-layer message communication called object mapping model that achieves separation between message preparation and destination selection. In this model, as opposed to traditional message delivery model, sender objects of messages need not indicate the destination objects of the messages. The messages can be intercepted by special objects called mapper objects. When mapper objects intercept messages, they can decide to which objects the messages should be sent. Using this model, layered cooperative systems can be realized by using objects to construct each layer and using mapper objects to realize object mapping relationship, and object mapping model has many advantages such as modularity, transparency, implicit invocation and dynamic mapping.
The influence of spray cryotherapy on wound healing following endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis (2015)

These preliminary results reveal an improvement in postoperative scores, demonstrating enhanced healing following spray cryotherapy. However, without patient subjective outcomes, the study is limited. Additional studies with longer follow-up and larger samples are needed to describe the effects of cryotherapy on wound healing.
Identification of Reactive Species in Photoexcited Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>Films by Wide-Wavelength-Range (400−2500 nm) Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (2004)

Reactive species, holes, and electrons in photoexcited nanocrystalline TiO2 films were studied by transient absorption spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 400 to 2500 nm. The electron spectrum was obtained through a hole-scavenging reaction under steady-state light irradiation. The spectrum can be analyzed by a superposition of the free-electron and trapped-electron spectra. By subtracting the electron spectrum from the transient absorption spectrum, the spectrum of trapped holes was obtained. As a result, three reactive speciestrapped holes and free and trapped electronswere identified in the transient absorption spectrum. The reactivity of these species was evaluated through transient absorption spectroscopy in the presence of hole- and electron-scavenger molecules. The spectra indicate that trapped holes and electrons are localized at the surface of the particles and free electrons are distributed in the bulk.
CoO<i><sub>x</sub></i>/CeO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Powders:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity (2005)

CoOx/CeO2 nanocomposite materials with increasing Co/Ce atomic ratio were prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic techniques, by BET and by thermal analysis. CoO is prevalent in the samples with lower cobalt content, whereas Co3O4 is the main presence at high Co/Ce atomic ratios. CeO2 is slightly reduced: Ce(III) is evident at the interface supported/ supporting oxide. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy allowed us to obtain interesting information concerning particle dimensions and growing morphology. The acidic/basic properties of the catalysts surfaces were investigated by studying the interaction of CoOx/CeO2 powder samples with pyridine and CO2. New acidic/basic sites are evident on the surface of the nanocomposites; this is particularly evident in the samples with lower cobalt content. The interaction with methanol was also investigated. Methanol chemisorbs molecularly and dissociatively on the CoOx/CeO2 samples; dissociation is prevalent in the sample characterized by a lower content of cobalt oxide. The oxidation of methanol is evident at rather low temperatures. When water is added to methanol, the oxidation temperature decreases (373 K instead of 433 K) and the formation of carbon monoxide is not observed.
Multiple paths to loss of anergy and gain of autoimmunity (2007)

B cells and autoimmunity: cells of the immune system have the capacity to recognize/neutralize a myriad array of disease-causing pathogens, while simultaneously minimizing damage to self tissue. Obvious breakdowns in this ability to distinguish between self and non-self are evident in multiple forms of autoimmune disease, where B and T cells mount damaging attacks on cells and organs. B cells may directly damage tissue by producing pathogenic antibodies that bind self antigen, fix complement or form immune complexes. Recent evidence also suggests B cells indirectly induce autoimmunity by concentrating low avidity self antigen through the B cell receptor and presenting self-peptides to autoreactive T cells. B cells may also initiate autoimmunity when provided sufficient help from autoreactive T cells that have escaped deletion in the thymus. Here, we will review the role of anergy in maintenance of tolerance and how alterations in the normal balance of positive and negative signals may contribute to the development of autoimmune disease in mouse models and humans.
PINEALOBLASTOMA WITH RETINOBLASTOMATOUS DIFFERENTIATION (1979)

A case of primitive neuroectodermal tumour originating from pineal parenchymal cells in a 2 1/2-year-old boy is described. The tumour exhibited divergent lines of differentiation including neuroblastic and photoreceptor differentiation, thus aligning it with neuroblastomas and with retinoblastomas. The tumour recalls the function of the pineal as a photoreceptor organ at an earlier stage of its phylogenesis.
Interorganelle Signaling Is a Determinant of Longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

Replicative capacity, which is the number of times an individual cell divides, is the measure of longevity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, a process that involves signaling from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, called retrograde regulation, is shown to determine yeast longevity, and its induction resulted in postponed senescence. Activation of retrograde regulation, by genetic and environmental means, correlated with increased replicative capacity in four different S. cerevisiae strains. Deletion of a gene required for the retrograde response, RTG2, eliminated the increased replicative capacity. RAS2, a gene previously shown to influence longevity in yeast, interacts with retrograde regulation in setting yeast longevity. The molecular mechanism of aging elucidated here parallels the results of genetic studies of aging in nematodes and fruit flies, as well as the caloric restriction paradigm in mammals, and it underscores the importance of metabolic regulation in aging, suggesting a general applicability.
Retained Surgical Items: A Problem Yet to Be Solved (2012)

Longer duration of surgery, safety variances, and incorrect counts during the procedure result in elevated RSI risk. The possible positive influence of trainee presence on RSI risk deserves additional study. Our findings highlight the need for zero tolerance for safety omissions, continued study and development of novel approaches to RSI reduction, and establishing anonymous RSI reporting systems to better track both the incidence and risks associated with this problem, which has yet to be solved.
High Levels of Lp(a) With a Small Apo(a) Isoform Are Associated With Coronary Artery Disease in African American and White Men (2000)

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and the presence of small isoforms of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in whites but not in African Americans. Because of marked race/ethnicity differences in the distribution of Lp(a) levels across apo(a) sizes, we tested the hypothesis that apo(a) isoform size determines the association between Lp(a) and CAD. We related Lp(a) levels, apo(a) isoforms, and the levels of Lp(a) associated with different apo(a) isoforms to the presence of CAD (>/=50% stenosis) in 576 white and African American men and women. Only in white men were Lp(a) levels significantly higher among patients with CAD than in those without CAD (28.4 versus 16.5 mg/dL, respectively; P:=0.004), and only in this group was the presence of small apo(a) isoforms (<22 kringle 4 repeats) associated with CAD (P:=0.043). Elevated Lp(a) levels (>/=30 mg/dL) were found in 26% of whites and 68% of African Americans, and of those, 80% of whites but only 26% of African Americans had a small apo(a) isoform. Elevated Lp(a) levels with small apo(a) isoforms were significantly associated with CAD (P:<0.01) in African American and white men but not in women. This association remained significant after adjusting for age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. We conclude that elevated levels of Lp(a) with small apo(a) isoforms independently predict risk for CAD in African American and white men. Our study, by determining the predictive power of Lp(a) levels combined with apo(a) isoform size, provides an explanation for the apparent lack of association of either measure alone with CAD in African Americans. Furthermore, our results suggest that small apo(a) size confers atherogenicity to Lp(a).
Crystallization in polymer melt spinning (1987)

The crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) melt spun into fiber monofilaments was examined using a laboratory set-up. The wind-up speeds ranged from free fall under gravity to 1500 m/min. The major additional variables that were manipulated included the mass flow rate and the filament temperature profile. The structure of the as-spun fibers was probed using tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry, optical birefringence, and x-ray diffraction. It was found that while the filaments that had been spun nonisothermally were essentially amorphous, those that had been made under isothermal conditions at temperatures ranging from 180°C to 240°C were oriented and crystalline. In addition, the rate of oriented crystallization was much greater than that under quiescent conditions at the same temperature. This is perhaps the first published study which shows that highly crystalline (up to 40% crystallinity) PET fibers can be obtained at low spinning speeds merely by altering the fiber temperature profile while the material is still above the polymer glass transition temperature.
Conformational Analysis of the 20 Naturally Occurring Amino Acid Residues Using ECEPP (1977)

Conformational energy calculations using ECEPP (Empirical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides) were carried out on the N-acetyl-N'-methylamides of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Minimum-energy conformations were located, and the relative conformational energy, librational entropy, and free energy each minimum were calculated. The effects of intrinsic torsional potentials, intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and librational entropy on relative conformational energies and locations of minima are discussed. The results are categorized most easily by use of a new conformational letter code that is introduced here.
MicMac – a free, open-source solution for photogrammetry (2017)

The publication familiarizes the reader with MicMac - a free, open-source photogrammetric software for 3D reconstruction. A brief history of the tool, its organisation and unique features vis-à-vis other software tools are in the highlight. The essential algorithmic aspects of the structure from motion and image dense matching problems are discussed from the implementation and the user’s viewpoints.
Haemophilus ducreyi Isoprenoid Quinone Content and Structure Determination (1988)

We found that Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of chancroid, contains two isoprenoid quinone structural types, demethylmenaquinone and menaquinone, with six- and seven-unit unsaturated isoprene side chains, respectively. Eleven strains of H. ducreyi and a control strain of Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Haemophilus aegyptius) were grown in a liquid medium with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Quinones were extracted from bacterial membrane preparations and isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The chemical structure of both quinone types was determined by using ultraviolet and mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The presence of both a demethylmenaquinone and a menaquinone in H. ducreyi represents a major physiological and chemotaxonomic difference between H. ducreyi and other Haemophilus species.
Die informations- und institutionenökonomische Modellierung des Wettbewerbsprozesses als Erklärungsmuster für Standardisierungsprozesse (1999)

Will man den Marktprozeß als zeitkonsumierenden Prozeß im o.g. Sinne beschreiben, so dienen die Erklärungsansätze nicht nur für die Beantwortung der Frage, warum Markthandeln selbst zeitaufwendig ist, sondern darüber hinaus lassen sich auch Anhaltspunkte dafür finden, warum sich im Zeitverlauf unterschiedlich viele Markthandlungen feststellen lassen. Die zu Beginn eines Produktlebenszyklus u.U. hohe Komplexität der Leistung und die damit verbundenen Unsicherheiten sowie der geringe 'Organisationsgrad' des Marktes führen zu mehreren Prozessen, aufgrund derer sich langwierige Transaktionen einstellen können: Zum einen sehen sich die Transaktionspartner mit dem Problem konfrontiert, daß die zu beschaffenden Informationen seitens des Anbieters erst generiert bzw. seitens der Nachfrager auch bereitgestellt werden müssen. Zum anderen ist es aufgrund der beschriebenen Unsicherheiten u.U. nötig, daß die Marktakteure vor der eigentlichen Transaktion zunächst den entsprechenden insitutionellen Rahmen schaffen müssen, um dem drohenden 'Marktversagen' wirkungsvoll begegnen zu können. Dadurch verlängert sich die Dauer der Transaktionen dahingehend, daß zunächst der institutionelle Rahmen vor der Transaktion durch die Marktbeteiligten geschaffen werden muß. Die Generierung der Rahmenbedingungen unterliegt dabei auch den Marktgesetzen des 'trialand-error' und dem unternehmerischen Geschick einzelner oder von Gruppen. Auch hier gilt es, ein entsprechendes 'Leistungsergebnis' — eine Problemlösung — zu entdecken, mit deren Hilfe die Transaktion durchgeführt werden kann. Somit sehen sich die Anbieter mit dem gleichen Problem konfrontiert, wie z.B. bei der Gestaltung eines Leistungsangebotes, das erkanntem Bedarf gegenübergestellt wird. Bildeten im Rahmen der direkten Netzeffekte Anbieter- und Nachfragerverbände die Institutionen, die der Transaktion vorgelagert waren, konnten im Fall der indirekten Netzeffekte auch Institutionen etabliert und genutzt werden, die nicht direkt mit der zu tauschenden Leistung in Verbindung stehen. Der zeitliche Aspekt ist dabei insoweit bereits vorweggenommen, als z.B. Geschäftsbeziehungen oder Kundenzufriedenheit Institutionen darstellen, die bereits vor der Transaktion aufgebaut wurden und im hier interessierenden Zusammenhang insoweit nur noch genutzt werden. Gleichwohl können auch sie als Ergebnis eines zeitaufwendigen Selbstorganisationsprozesses des Marktes aufgefaßt werden und können deshalb ebenfalls als Wettbewerbsparameter in Märkten Berücksichtigung finden.
GPS Compass: A Novel Navigation Equipment (1996)

A GPS (Global Positioning System)-based compass is
designed, which consists of three parts: the pointer, the
sensor, and the controller. Using the carrier phase
signals from GPS satellites, the I-m long pointer
equipped with two GPS receivers can point to the desired
direction with accuracy less than one degree. A baseline
rotation method is proposed to resolve the problem of
integer ambiguities. The classical antemla swap method
is simply a special case of the rotation method. The
rotating character of the compass provides the convenient
environment for applying the rotation technique. Such
compass may replace the traditional heading devices in
navigation system, such as the magnetic compasses or
gyroscopes.