gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFERENTIAL TOXICITY OF AMMONIUM SALTS (1958)

Intravenous LD50's were determined in young Swiss albino mice, weighing 18 to 22 Gm. (average, 19.7 Gm.). One ml. of isotonic saline containing the ammonium compounds (reagent grade) in varying concentrations was injected into a tail vein during an average time of 1.9 seconds. The lethal effect was determined in 10 animals for each of three to five concentration levels. The mice were observed continually until all signs of acute toxicity disappeared and then were examined during the course of several days for the appearance of any latent toxicity. Blood pH was determined with a Beckman Model GS
Identification of two cell cycle regulated genes affecting the β1,3‐glucan content of cell walls in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

The Calcofluor white-hypersensitive mutants cwh52 and cwh53 are severely reduced in beta 1,3-glucan. CWH52 was equivalent to GAS1. CWH53 represented a new gene, located on the right arm of chromosome XII, and predicted to encode a 215 kDa protein with multiple transmembrane domains. The transcription of CWH53 was cell cycle-dependent and, similar to GAS1/CWH52, increased in late G1, indicating that the formation of beta-glucan is cell cycle-regulated. Further, in some mutant alleles of both gas1/cwh52 and cwh53 lethal concentrations of Calcofluor induced growth arrest at a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Nonlinear all-optical beam scanner (1990)

An all-optical integrated optics beam-scanning device is analyzed. It consists of a surface relief grating used to couple both a control and a signal beam into and out of a nonlinear planar waveguide, respectively. Varying the control beam power tunes the signal beam out-coupling angle. Both local and diffusive nonlinearities are considered, and various design parameters are discussed. The theoretical results are compared to experimental data from ZnS waveguides for the thermal diffusive case.
Photosynthesis in modulated light: Quantitative dependence of photosynthetic enhancement on flashing rate (1986)

In order to predict the potential benefit associated with mixing devices designed to introduce periodic light modulations in dense cultures of microalgae, it is necessary to develop a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the frequency of the modulations and the resulting photosynthetic efficiency enhancement. To explore this relationship, the photosynthetic rate of cells of Phaeodactylum tricornutum from a dense steady state culture was determined as a function of modulation frequency, intensity of light received, and the proportion of the total cycle period during which the cells were illuminated. At high flash frequencies, the photosynthetic rate was determined by the average intensity received by the cells (full light intensity integration), while at low frequencies the cells responded to the instantaneous intensity (no light intensity integration). Full integration was approached asymptotically with increasing flash frequency. The frequency response could be described by a rectangular hyperbola, and the parameters of this hyperbola were nearly independent of the illumination intensity and the flash proportion. The saturation constant of the hyperbola, at which the response is one-half of the maximum, was 0.67 Hz.
High range resolution radar using narrowband linear chirps offset in frequency (2002)

This paper introduces a method to combine a number of narrow-bandwidth chirp pulses stepped in frequency in order to achieve high range resolution in SAR images. The limitations of this method are discussed, as well as some of the design constraints appropriate to designing a high-resolution stepped-frequency SAR system. Results obtained from processing simulated and E-SAR data are presented and discussed.
Structure and function of the Pseudomonas putida integration host factor (1996)

Integration host factor (IHF) is a DNA-binding and -bending protein that has been found in a number of gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe the cloning, sequencing, and functional analysis of the genes coding for the two subunits of IHF from Pseudomonas putida. Both the ihfA and ihfB genes of P. putida code for 100-amino-acid-residue polypeptides that are 1 and 6 residues longer than the Escherichia coli IHF subunits, respectively. The P. putida ihfA and ihfB genes can effectively complement E. coli ihf mutants, suggesting that the P. putida IHF subunits can form functional heterodimers with the IHF subunits of E. coli. Analysis of the amino acid differences between the E. coli and P. putida protein sequences suggests that in the evolution of IHF, amino acid changes were mainly restricted to the N-terminal domains and to the extreme C termini. These changes do not interfere with dimer formation or with DNA recognition. We constructed a P. putida mutant strain carrying an ihfA gene knockout and demonstrated that IHF is essential for the expression of the P(U) promoter of the xyl operon of the upper pathway of toluene degradation. It was further shown that the ihfA P. putida mutant strain carrying the TOL plasmid was defective in the degradation of the aromatic model compound benzyl alcohol, proving the unique role of IHF in xyl operon promoter regulation.
Malonyl-CoA Synthetase, Encoded by <i>ACYL ACTIVATING ENZYME13</i>, Is Essential for Growth and Development of <i>Arabidopsis</i>    (2011)

Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis and elongation. It is also one of the building blocks for the biosynthesis of some phytoalexins, flavonoids, and many malonylated compounds. In plants as well as in animals, malonyl-CoA is almost exclusively derived from acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2). However, previous studies have suggested that malonyl-CoA may also be made directly from malonic acid by malonyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.14). Here, we report the cloning of a eukaryotic malonyl-CoA synthetase gene, Acyl Activating Enzyme13 (AAE13; At3g16170), from Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant AAE13 protein showed high activity against malonic acid (K(m) = 529.4 ± 98.5 μM; V(m) = 24.0 ± 2.7 μmol/mg/min) but little or no activity against other dicarboxylic or fatty acids tested. Exogenous malonic acid was toxic to Arabidopsis seedlings and caused accumulation of malonic and succinic acids in the seedlings. aae13 null mutants also grew poorly and accumulated malonic and succinic acids. These defects were complemented by an AAE13 transgene or by a bacterial malonyl-CoA synthetase gene under control of the AAE13 promoter. Our results demonstrate that the malonyl-CoA synthetase encoded by AAE13 is essential for healthy growth and development, probably because it is required for the detoxification of malonate.
Isonucleosides. 2. Purine and pyrimidine derivatives of 1,4-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arabinitol (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsonucleosides. 2. Purine and pyrimidine derivatives of 1,4-anhydro-2-deoxy-D-arabinitolJohn A. Montgomery and H. Jeanette ThomasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 4, 541–544Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00398a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00398a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient thermal spin injection in metallic nanostructures (2017)

Thermal spin injection is a unique and fascinating method for generating spin current. If magnetization can be controlled by thermal spin injection, various advantages will be provided in spintronic devices, through its wireless controllability. However, the generation efficiency of thermal spin injection is believed to be lower than that of electrical spin injection. Here, we explore a suitable ferromagnetic metal for an efficient thermal spin injection, via systematic experiments based on diffusive spin transport under temperature gradients. Since a ferromagnetic metal with strong spin splitting is expected to have a large spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient, a lateral spin valve based on CoFe electrodes has been fabricated. However, the superior thermal spin injection property has not been observed, because the CoFe electrode retained its crystalline signature—where s-like electrons dominate the transport property in the ferromagnet. To suppress the crystalline signature, we adopt a CoFeAl electrode, in which the Al impurity significantly reduces the contribution from s-like electrons. Highly efficient thermal spin injection has been demonstrated using this CoFeAl electrode. Further optimization for thermal spin injection has been demonstrated by adjusting the Co and Fe composition.
A 5.2Gbps HyperTransport¿ Integrated AC Coupled Receiver with DFR DC Restore (2007)

A HyperTransport <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> receiver with integrated AC coupling achieves an extended DC input common mode voltage without resorting to AC encoding like 8B10B. The receiver supports all HyperTransport <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> Revision 3 (HT3) data rate from 2.4 Gbps to 5.2 Gbps. A decision feedback restore (DFR) method is used to counter baseline wander. The design is implemented in a 65 nm SOI CMOS process.
Laser cooling of a fast ion beam (1985)

A theoretical analysis of light-pressure cooling of a fast ion beam is given. The light-induced velocity changes are compensated by accelerating the ions by an external electric field. By analyzing the Fokker–Planck equation, cooling times and the ultimate temperature of the ions are given. It is argued that the transverse heating and the diffusion to velocities that are not cooled should pose no serious problems in realistic experimental cases. The particular physical conditions in a heavy-ion storage ring are finally discussed.
An improved sliding mode observer of sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (2004)

Speed and torque controls of permanent magnet synchronous motors are usually attained by the application of position and speed sensors. However, speed and position sensors require the additional mounting space, reduce the reliability in harsh environments and increase the cost of a motor. Therefore, many studies have been performed for the elimination of speed and position sensors. This paper investigates an improved sliding mode observer for the speed sensorless control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The proposed control strategy is the sliding mode observer with a variable boundary layer for a low-chattering and fast-response control. The proposed algorithm is verified through the simulation and experimentation.
Novel flower-like CoS hierarchitectures: one-pot synthesis and electrochemical properties (2010)

Novel 3D flower-like CoS hierarchitectures and CoS microspheres have been synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. A growth mechanism has been proposed for the nanostructures. Temperature and precursor concentration are the key factors influencing the nanostructures. Electrochemical measurements display high discharge capacity and excellent cycle stability.
Dual Emission from a Family of Conjugated Dinuclear Ru<sup>II</sup> Complexes (2005)

Dual emission is observed from a family of simple acetylene-linked dinuclear RuII complexes, where two MLCT excited states coexist at room temperature and in fluid solution. This unique behavior is attributed to a specific substitution pattern on the bridging ligand and provides the opportunity to investigate the structural and electronic features that result in decoupling of standard nonradiative decay pathways.
The Trauma of the Transferred Executive (1974)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Preparation and characterization of spray dried inhalable powders containing chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery of isoniazid (2011)

The aim of this study was to prepare spray dried inhalable powders containing isoniazid-loaded chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles for sustained delivery of the drug to the lung. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. In-vitro drug release study indicated that the rate of drug release from nanoparticles was decreased by increasing the amount of chitosan. Entrapment of isoniazid into chitosan/TPP nanoparticles decreased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the drug against mycobacterium avium intracellulare. Nanoparticles were spray dried using excipients such as lactose, mannitol and maltodextrin alone or with leucine. Results showed that the obtained powders had different aerosolization property. It was observed that by adding leucine, the particle size of microparticles deceased and the process yield and fine particle fraction (FPF) increased significantly. The in-vitro deposition data indicated that spray drying of isoniazid-loaded nanoparticles with lactose in the presence of leucine resulted in the production of inhalable powders with the highest FPF (45%).
Eigenvalue assignment of two-dimensional systems using PID controllers (1981)

The paper considers the problem of eigenvalue assignment of linear multivariable two-dimensional systems using dynamic state or output feedback. The particular compensator applied is of the PID form, i.e. it involves a proportional (P), an integral (I) and a derivative (D) term. The algorithm proposed reduces the problem to that of solving a linear system of equations. Furthermore, conditions are established for the problem to have a solution.
A comparison of operators for solving time dependent traveling salesman problems using genetic algorithms (2000)

This paper describes which genetic operators can best solve time dependent traveling salesman problems (TDTSPs) containing up to 50 cities. We first provide an overview of the TDTSP and illustrate its relation to other scheduling and routing problems. Next we describe a genetic algorithm that implements eight common genetic operators, plus Julstrom's adaptive operator probability and Goldberg's population re-initialization mechanisms. We present the results of 280 experiments and show that one combination of these operators and mechanisms outperforms a well-known dynamic programming heuristic. An analysis of the test results indicates that hybrid solutions incorporating solution techniques for both scheduling and the traveling salesman problems may generate better results than either technique alone.
CBP/p300 Functions as a Possible Transcriptional Coactivator of Ah Receptor Nuclear Translocator (Arnt) (1997)

A heterodimer of AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) and Arnt (AhR nuclear translocator) conveys a transactivation signal of aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3-methylcholanthrene to the genes for a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes. This inducible expression of the genes is inhibited by adenovirus E1A, suggesting that CBP/p300 is somehow involved in the transactivation of the genes by the AhR and Arnt heterodimer. Yeast and mammalian two hybrid systems revealed that CBP/p300 interacted with the transactivation domain of Arnt, but not with that of AhR, via the CREB-binding domain. The pull down assay using GST-Arnt hybrid protein confirmed the interaction between Arnt and CBP/p300. Considering these results and that Arnt or Arnt2 functions as a common partner in the formation of transcriptional regulators with other bHLH/PAS proteins such as AhR, HLF, and HIF-1alpha, the possibility arises that CBP/p300 is extensively involved as a coactivator in the transactivation process by bHLH/PAS (a conserved sequence motif among Per, Arnt, and Sim) heterodimer transcription factors through interaction with Arnt or Arnt2.
Identifying and treating wife abuse. (1993)

The focus groups served as an effective method to engage family physicians in isolating their own as well as their patients' difficulties in confronting this serious problem.
The unactivated form of the first component of human complement, C1 (1976)

The first component of complement, C1, was isolated unactivated from human serum by repeated additions of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate during isolation. The unactivated subcomponents were also isolated, and evidence is given that the three subcomponents C1q, C1r and C1s account wholly for the activity of component C1 in serum. No evidence could be found for a fourth subcomponent, C1t. The approximate molar proportions of the subcomponents in serum are C1q/C1r/C1s = 1:2:2. Optimum activity by haemolytic assay was found at approximate molar proportions C1q/C1r/C1s of 1:4:4. No activity was found when subcomponents were assayed singly or in pairs, except for subcomponents C1q and C1s, which in molar ratio 1:4 gave 15-20% of the activity of the mixture C1q + C1r + C1s. The proteolytic activity of the isolated subcomponent C1s varied according to the method of activation used. Subcomponents C1q + C1r + C1s and C1q + C1s in the presence of antibody-antigen aggregates were activated and inactivated simultaneously, showing a peak of activity and subsequent loss of activity. Both reactions are probably due to proteolysis, and analysis of the peptide bonds split will be necessary to distinguish these two phenomena.
Detection of Microcalcification in Mammograms Using Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Shell Clustering (2010)

Microcalcifications in mammogram have been mainly targeted as a reliable earliest sign of breast cancer and their early detection is vital to improve its prognosis. Since their size is very small and may be easily overlooked by the examining radiologist, computer-based detection output can assist the radiologist to improve the diagnostic accuracy. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm for detecting microcalcification in mammogram. The proposed microcalcification detection algorithm involves mammogram quality enhancement using multirresolution analysis based on the dyadic wavelet transform and microcalcification detection by fuzzy shell clustering. It may be possible to detect nodular components such as microcalcification accurately by introducing shape information. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for microcalcification detection is confirmed by experimental results.
Controversies surrounding human papilloma virus infection, head & neck vs oral cancer, implications for prophylaxis and treatment (2009)

Head & Neck Cancer (HNC) represents the sixth most common malignancy worldwide and it is historically linked to well-known behavioural risk factors, i.e., tobacco smoking and/or the alcohol consumption. Recently, substantial evidence has been mounting that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is playing an increasing important role in oral cancer. Because of the attention and clamor surrounding oral HPV infection and related cancers, as well as the use of HPV prophylactic vaccines, in this invited perspective the authors raise some questions and review some controversial issues on HPV infection and its role in HNC, with a particular focus on oral squamous cell carcinoma. The problematic definition and classification of HNC will be discussed, together with the characteristics of oral infection with oncogenic HPV types, the frequency of HPV DNA detection in HNC, the location of HPV-related tumours, the severity and prognosis of HPV-positive HNC, the diagnosis of oral HPV infection, common routes of oral infection and the likelihood of oro-genital HPV transmission, the prevention of HPV infection and novel therapeutic approaches.
Doping of acceptor impurities into ZnO (2002)

Fabrication of p-type ZnO is a recent issue. Elements of I and V column are used as p-type dopant of ZnO. Nitrogen (N) is considered as proper p-type dopant of ZnO. When N is substitute for O, the estimated covalent length between Zn and N is 0.201 nm, which is nearly close to the length of Zn-O (0.197 nm) compared with other p-type dopants of Zn-P (0.248 nm) and Zn-As (0.256 nm). This small difference in covalent length reduces the strain in ZnO lattice from doping. However, N-doped ZnO showed high resistive n-type conductivity, even though N-doping concentration was above /spl sim/E20/cm/sup 3/. The alternative for p-type dopant is Li/sub 3/N. In this case, both elements of Li and N are useful for p-type dopant in ZnO. We report a systematic study of N and Li/sub 3/N doped ZnO layers. N and Li incorporation are confirmed by SIMS. Incorporation of N and Li into ZnO layers greatly influences structural and optical properties of ZnO layers.
Assessing the Effects of a Soft Cut-Off in the Twitter Social Network (2011)

Most popular OSNs currently restrict the number of social links that a user can have, in order to deal with the problems of increasing spam and scalability in the face of a rapid rise in the number of users in recent years. However such restrictions are often being criticized by socially active and popular users, hence the OSN authorities are facing serious design-choices while imposing restrictions; this is evident from the innovative ‘soft’ cut-off recently imposed in Twitter instead of the traditional ‘hard’ cut-offs in other OSNs. Our goal in this paper is to develop an analytical framework taking the restriction in Twitter as a case-study, that can be used to make proper design-choices considering the conflicting objectives of reducing system-load and minimizing user-dissatisfaction. We consequently define a simple utility function considering the above two objectives, and find that Twitter’s policy well balances both. From a network science perspective, this is the first analysis of ‘soft’ cut-offs in any sort of network, to the best of our knowledge.
Donor Cells for Nuclear Cloning: Many Are Called, but Few Are Chosen (2002)

The few viable clones obtained at the end of a typical cloning experiment are genetic copies of the donor cell genome of a non-reproductive (somatic) or embryonic cell used for nuclear transfer. Nuclear totipotency has to be reestablished by erasing epigenetic constraints imposed on the donor genome during differentiation in a process which involves active chromatin remodeling. Various donor cell types and cell cycle combinations have proven to be capable of generating cloned offspring. However, an ideal nuclear donor may have not yet been found. This review summarizes current theoretical aspects of donor cell selection. It focuses on the impact of genetic and epigenetic differences between donor cell types on successful mammalian cloning.
Effect of pressure on Raman spectra of solid bromine (1983)

The effect of pressure on Raman spectra of solid bromine has been measured up to 33 GPa using a diamond anvil cell. Four of six Raman-active modes could be observed in first-order Stokes and anti-Stokes spectra at room temperature. Overlap of the two intramolecular peaks takes place at 24 GPa. The relative scattering intensities of the two intermolecular modes vary with pressure, exceeding finally those of the intramolecular modes.