gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of gold nanoparticles in polymethylmethacrylate by UV irradiation (2007)

Gold–polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites were fabricated with a photoreduction method using UV irradiation. The irradiated samples are compared with unirradiated ones to investigate the mechanism of gold nanoparticle formation and the effect of UV irradiation and polymer matrix on the morphology of the particles. The triangular gold nanoparticles were formed in polymer medium at a specific concentration of gold salt and UV exposure. The particle size decreased when the gold salt to polymer ratio was increased. The samples were analysed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interfacial interaction of Au nanoparticles and PMMA polymer has been discussed.
Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of Therapeutic RNA Oligonucleotides (2019)

Gene therapy is an exciting field that has the potential to address emerging scientific and therapeutic tasks. RNA-based gene therapy has made remarkable progress in recent decades. Nevertheless, efficient targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics is still a prerequisite for entering the clinics. In this review, we introduce current delivery methods for RNA gene therapeutics based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We focus on the clinical appeal of recent RNA NPs and discuss existing challenges of fabrication and screening LNP candidates for effective translation into drugs of human metabolic diseases and cancer.
Experiment Study of Antibacterial Constituents of Ficus Carical Leaves (2005)

Antibacterial activities of Ficus Carical Leaves against tested bacteria were studied. The results show that Ficus Carical Leaves extracts have excellent antibacterial activity, and the minimal inhibitory concentraction against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus tetragenus, and proteus vulgaris is 0.025g/mL and that against escherichia coli, erwinia uredovora, botrytis cinerea, and pestalotiopsis mangiferae is 0.050g/mL. Antibacterial constituents were separated by column chromatography with silica gel, whose seperators were isolated, and were identified as bergapten and psoralen by spectral analysis.
LAFIN: A Convolutional Neural Network-based Technique for Singular Point Extraction and Classification of Latent Fingerprints (2018)

Latent fingerprints left at crime scenes are useful evidence in the court of law. Law enforcement agencies have been using latent fingerprints for many years as a reliable forensic evidence for crime scene analysis. However, due to poor quality images and complex image background, current state-of-the-art for automatic latent fingerprint processing is not as reliable as rolled or live scan fingerprints. In this paper, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model (LAFIN) to classify latent fingerprints into five different classes. The classification result along with fingerprint image is then fed to a mini classifier to extract the singular points (if any) present in the latent fingerprint. The CNN model for latent fingerprint classification is trained on different fingerprint images from IIIT-D latent database and NIST Special database 4. The results on publicly available IIIT-D latent fingerprint database demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Prunus sunhangii: A new species of Prunus from central China (2019)

A new species of Rosaceae from Central China, <b><i>Prunus sunhangii</i></b> D. G. Zhang & T. Deng, <b><i>sp. nov.</i></b> , is described and illustrated. The new species is placed in <i>Prunus</i> subgenus <i>Cerasus</i> by flower and fruit characteristics. It is most similar to <i>Prunus cerasoides</i>, but differs by having longitudinally 2-lobed apical petals, an acuminate leaf apex, 17-25 stamens, white petals, dark black drupes, brown hypanthium, and different phenology. The phylogenetic placement of this species was assessed based on morphological and molecular data. Molecular analysis (<i>cp</i>DNA + ITS) corroborated its placement in subgenus <i>Cerasus</i>, specifically <i>P</i>runus section <i>Serrula</i>.
Reaction of Epoxides with (Alkylthio)methyl Chloride (2005)

The reaction of (methylthio)methylchloride with 1,2-epoxybutane and styrene oxide furnishes eleven and eight compounds, respectively. The probable mechanism of their formation and their mass spectral characterization are presented in this article.
Studies upon the mode of action of vitamin D (1937)

Research Article| January 01 1937 Studies upon the mode of action of vitamin D: The influence of vitamin D on the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the rat Ragnar Nicolaysen Ragnar Nicolaysen 1 1The Nutritional Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Medical Research Council Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1937) 31 (1): 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0310122 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Ragnar Nicolaysen; Studies upon the mode of action of vitamin D: The influence of vitamin D on the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the rat. Biochem J 1 January 1937; 31 (1): 122–129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0310122 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1937 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1937 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Protein N-Terminal Processing: Substrate Specificity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Human Methionine Aminopeptidases (2010)

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the N-terminal methionine from newly synthesized polypeptides. The extent of removal of methionyl from a protein is dictated by its N-terminal peptide sequence. Earlier studies revealed that MetAPs require amino acids containing small side chains (e.g., Gly, Ala, Ser, Cys, Pro, Thr, and Val) as the P1' residue, but their specificity at positions P2' and beyond remains incompletely defined. In this work, the substrate specificities of Escherichia coli MetAP1, human MetAP1, and human MetAP2 were systematically profiled by screening against a combinatorial peptide library and kinetic analysis of individually synthesized peptide substrates. Our results show that although all three enzymes require small residues at the P1' position, they have differential tolerance for Val and Thr at this position. The catalytic activity of human MetAP2 toward Met-Val peptides is consistently 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of MetAP1, suggesting that MetAP2 is responsible for processing proteins containing N-terminal Met-Val and Met-Thr sequences in vivo. At positions P2'-P5', all three MetAPs have broad specificity but are poorly active toward peptides containing a proline at the P2' position. In addition, the human MetAPs disfavor acidic residues at the P2'-P5' positions. The specificity data have allowed us to formulate a simple set of rules that can reliably predict the N-terminal processing of E. coli and human proteins.
Cardiac sympathetic denervation correlates with clinical and pathologic stages of Parkinson's disease (2008)

Attention has been drawn to cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease (PD) based on clinical studies using [123I] metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy; however, the histologic correlates and time course of cardiac sympathetic denervation are poorly understood. To address these issues, we used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry to detect cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers in the epicardium of 4 normal controls, 11 cases with incidental Lewy bodies (iLBs), and 14 cases of PD. Cardiac sympathetic innervation was significantly less in PD than in normal controls and cases with iLBs (P < 0.05). There was also a decrease in TH-immunoreactive fibers in iLB cases compared to normal controls (P < 0.01). TH-immunoreactive fibers correlated with the PD stage (r = -0.75, P < 0.001), as well as with Hoehn & Yahr clinical stage (r = -0.61, P < 0.001), and disease duration (r = -0.63, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry for alpha-synuclein showed neurites in epicardium in PD and iLB cases, but not in normal controls. The density of alpha-synuclein neurites correlated with Braak PD stage (r = 0.38, P < 0.05), Hoehn & Yahr clinical stage (r = 0.44, P < 0.05), and disease duration (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that cardiac sympathetic degeneration and alpha-synuclein pathology is present in presymptomatic phase of PD, and that both increase with disease duration and severity.
Ability of flt3 ligand to stimulate the in vitro growth of primitive murine hematopoietic progenitors is potently and directly inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1996)

The recently cloned flt3 ligand (FL) stimulates the growth of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells through synergistic interactions with multiple other cytokines. The present study is the first demonstrating cytokines capable of inhibiting FL-stimulated hematopoietic cell growth. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta l) potently inhibited the clonal growth of murine Lin-Sca-l+ bone marrow progenitors stimulated by FL alone or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-11, or IL-12. TGF-beta 1 inhibited more than 96% of the myeloid colony formation in response to these cytokine combinations, whereas TNF-alpha reduced the number of colonies by 58% to 96% depending on the cytokine by which FL was combined. In addition, both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 inhibited more than 90% of B220+ cell production from B220- bone marrow cells stimulated by FL + IL-7. The effects of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 appeared to be due to a direct effect and on the early progenitors because the inhibition was observed at the single cell level, and because delayed addition of the two inhibitors for only 48 hours dramatically reduced their inhibitory effects. A neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody showed the presence of endogenous TGF-beta in the cultures and potently enhanced the ability of FL to stimulate progenitor cell growth in the absence of other cytokines. Agonistic antibodies specifically activating the p75 TNF receptors were more efficient than wild type murine TNF-alpha in signaling growth inhibition of Lin-Sca-l+ progenitor cells, whereas the p55 agonist had less effect than murine TNF-alpha. Finally, TGF-beta increased the number of FL + IL-11-stimulated Lin-Sca-1+ cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle with 76%, whereas TNF-alpha only had a marginal effect on cell cycle distribution. Thus, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and p75 TNF receptor agonists are potent direct inhibitors of FL-stimulated progenitor cell growth in vitro.
Remission in IDDM: Prospective Study of Basal C-Peptide and Insulin Dose in 268 Consecutive Patients (1987)

To elucidate beta-cell function, insulin requirement, and remission period in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a study was undertaken comprising 268 patients consecutively admitted to Steno Memorial Hospital with newly diagnosed IDDM. The patients were characterized by sex, age, and seasonal variation at onset of diabetes mellitus. During the first 36 mo of the disease, an evaluation was performed for basal C-peptide, HbA1c, and insulin dose per kilogram. Total remission was interpreted as complete discontinuation of insulin therapy for at least 1 wk while still metabolically well controlled, and partial remission was interpreted as an insulin need that was less than or equal to 50% of the insulin dose at discharge from the hospital. During the first 18 mo of the disease, 12.3% of the patients entered total remission (median 6 mo), and 18.3% of the patients entered partial remission (median 6 mo). Patients entering remission had significantly higher basal C-peptide levels than those who did not. Sex, age, and initial HbA1c levels did not influence the frequency of remission.
Lawyer Ethics Code Drafting in the Twenty-First Century (2002)

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many studies have explored the influencing factors of rumor spreading, such as anxiety, risk perception and information source credibility, but few studies have focused on the impact of individual differences. Based on the theory of behavioral immune systems, we investigated the impact of perceived infectability on rumor spreading and the mediating role of rumor trust in the context of COVID-19. Two studies were investigated using the scale and recall-report task of rumor spreading. The results show that perceived infectability was a significant positive predictor of rumor spreading. However, the impact of perceived infectability on rumor spreading was not direct, and it mainly indirectly affected rumor spreading through the mediating role of rumor trust. Overall, the findings suggest that individuals with high perceived infectability are more likely to believe rumors and then spread rumors during the epidemic. This study advances the literature on rumor spreading and behavioral immune systems and provides practical implications to anti-rumor campaigns.
Multi‐layer neural network for received signal strength‐based indoor localisation (2016)

In received signal strength (RSS)‐based indoor wireless localisation system, radio pathloss model or radio map must be readily obtainable. However, the unpredictability of wireless channel makes it difficult to achieve high accuracy localisation in practice. In this study, the authors employed a multi‐layer neural network (MLNN) for RSS‐based indoor localisation without using the radio pathloss model or comparing the radio map. The proposed MLNN localisation system integrate the RSS signals transforming section, the raw data denoising section and the node locating section into a deep architecture. Furthermore, a boosting method is designed to promote location accuracy of the MLNN effectively. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility and suitability of the proposed algorithm.
β4-Galactosyltransferase-5 is a lactosylceramide synthase essential for mouse extra-embryonic development (2010)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are important for various biological functions in the nervous system, the immune system, embryogenesis and in other tissues and processes. Lactosylceramide (LacCer), which is synthesized from glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by LacCer synthase, is a core structure of GSLs, including gangliosides. LacCer synthase was reported to be synthesized by the beta4-galactosyltransferase-6 (beta4GalT-6) gene in the rat brain. However, the existence of another LacCer synthase gene was shown in cultured cells lacking beta4GalT-6. Here, we report that LacCer synthase is mainly synthesized by the beta4GalT-5 gene during early mouse embryogenesis, and its disruption is embryonic lethal. beta4GalT-5-deficient embryos showed developmental retardation from E7.5 and died by E10.5 as reported previously. LacCer synthase activity was significantly reduced in beta4GalT-5-deficient embryos and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells derived from blastocysts, and it was recovered when beta4GalT-5 cDNA was introduced into beta4GalT-5-deficient XEN cells. The amounts of LacCer and GM3 ganglioside were drastically reduced, while GlcCer accumulated in the beta4GalT-5-deficient XEN cells. Hematoma and ectopically accumulated trophoblast giant cells were observed in the anti-mesometrial pole of the extra-embryonic tissues, although all three embryonic layers formed. beta4GalT-5-deficient embryos developed until E12.5 as chimeras with wild-type tetraploid cells, which formed the extra-embryonic membranes, indicating that extra-embryonic defects caused the early embryonic lethality. Our results suggest that beta4GalT-5 is essential for extra-embryonic development during early mouse embryogenesis.
Regulation of protein traffic in polarized epithelial cells. (1995)

The plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells is divided into apical and basolateral surfaces with different compositions. Proteins can be sent directly from the trans Golgi network (TGN) to either surface, or can be sent first to one surface and then transcytosed to the other. The glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor is a signal for apical targeting. Signals in the cytoplasmic domain containing a beta-turn determine basolateral targeting and retrieval, and are related to other shorting signals. Transcytosed proteins, such as the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) are endocytosed from the basolateral surface and delivered to the apical recycling compartment underneath the apical surface. This compartment is a central sorting station, as it receives material from both surfaces and sorts them to the correct surface. Delivery to the apical surface from both the TGN and the apical recycling compartment is regulated by protein kinase A and protein kinase C, and endocytosis from the apical surface is also regulated by kinases. Transcytosis of the pIgR is additionally regulated by phosphorylation of the pIgR and by ligand binding to the pIgR. Regulation of traffic in polarized epithelial cells plays a central role in cellular homeostasis, response to external signals, and differentiation.
Improved Red-emitting Firefly Luciferase Mutant for Biotechnical Applications (2009)

Luciferase from the North American firefly Photinus Pyralis catalyzes a highly efficient bioluminescent reaction that produces yellow-green light (557 nm at pH 7.8). This bioluminescence system has been adapted for a variety of applications including gene reporter assays, detection of bacteria and toxins, whole-cell biosensor measurements, and in vivo imaging. A luciferase variant with a red-shifted bioluminescence spectra and high specific activity, two qualities that are challenging to achieve simultaneously, would be especially useful when paired with a green-emitting enzyme in a dual-color reporter assay, or used alone for improved imaging in living animals. Our lab previously reported a red-emitting mutant named Ppy RE, which contained a single mutation at S284T that shifted the emission maximum from the 557 nm to 615 nm at pH 7.8. In a subsequent publication, Ppy RE was enhanced with five mutations to make Ppy RE-TS, which exhibited improved thermostability at 37°C, but at the expense of reducing the red-shift to 610 nm. In this report, we further improve upon Ppy RE-TS with four rational point mutations that red-shift the emission maximum to 617 nm, dramatically increase the enzyme thermostability, and improve the total light emission during 8-second assays. This new enzyme, named PRET7, is characterized and evaluated for performance in E. Coli and HEK293 mammalian cell lines. Compared to a commercially available enzyme called CBR, which has been codon-optimized for expression in mammalian cells, PRET7 produces a stronger signal over 8-second assays in which the least expensive reagents available are used. Aiming to improve the already impressive performance of PRET7, we are currently awaiting results from collaborators who are evaluating a human codon-optimized version of PRET7 in HEK293 cells.
Mitral regurgitation in coronary heart disease. (1977)

Mitral reguritation is a relatively common finding in coronary heart disease. In this series of 127 patients, selected with a view to coronary or left ventricular surgery on the basis of severity of symptoms, the incidence was 39 (31%). Mitral regurgitation is significantly more common in patients with a history or electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial infarction. Clinically it may present as a pan- or late systolic or even a mid-systolic, ejection type murmur at the apex or at the left sternal edge; but in 39 per cent of the patients with angiographic mitral regurgitation no murmur was present. Angiographically important mitral regurgitation (grades 2-4/4) was usually associated with a systolic murmur; this finding was independent of ejection fractions. Left ventricular enlargement clinically or radiographically is likely to accompany mitral regurgitation but left atrial enlargement (electrocardiographically or on chest x-ray) is a more reliable pointer to mitral regurgitation and pulmonary venous hypertension is even more strongly suggestive of its presence. The electrocardiographic signs of papillary muscle infarction were rare in this series (15%) and were not related to angiographic mitral regurgitation. There was no difference in the incidence of mitral regurgitation in association with anterior or inferior myocardial infarction or in distribution of coronary artery disease. There is, however, a higher incidence of mitral regurgitation in more severe coronary arterial disease (P less than 0-05). The incidence of mitral regurgitation is significantly higher with reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (P less than 0-001), with rise in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0-02), and with abnormal contraction patterns, but the severity of mitral regurgitation is not significantly related to these findings.
Three spontaneous H-2Db mutants are generated by genetic micro-recombination (gene conversion) events. Impact on the H-2-restricted immune responsiveness. (1988)

Sequence analysis of the mutant Dbm13, Dbm14, and Dbm24 genes indicate that they differ from the parental Db gene by 4, 1, and 8 nucleotides, respectively. The mutant sequences substituted into Dbm13 and Dbm24 are identical to those found in the Kb gene, at the homologous positions. Thus, similar to the Kb gene, the Db gene is able to undergo micro-recombination (gene conversion) events with other class I genes. Such data suggest that micro-recombination events could be an important mechanism for the diversification of all H-2 genes. The Db mutant products share a common theme: the alterations in all occur at amino acid residues whose side chains in the homologous class I HLA-A2 molecule project into the postulated peptide antigen-binding cleft, and hence, would be expected to alter the binding of foreign or self peptides. Due to such changes, the bm14 mouse has become a nonresponder in the CTL response to Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), as the alteration of one amino acid residue at position 70 (a Gln to His) is sufficient to entirely abrogate the cell-mediated response to the virus. On the other hand, the bm13 mouse has shifted the major part of its M-MuLV restriction to Kb, a profound alteration in CTL responsiveness due to the alteration of three amino acids (Leu to Gln at 114, Phe to Tyr at 116, and Glu to Asp at 119) in a peptide stretch of beta-pleated sheet structure lining the bottom of the antigen-binding cleft. Thus, study of these mutants reveals that, in one step, micro-recombination at the genetic level has resulted at the protein level in profound changes in the immune response to viral infection. Such a mechanism operating at the population level can be a driving force during evolution for modulating the character of CTL immunity.
Effect of Preswelling on Durable-Press Performance of Cotton (1969)

Treatment of cotton twill with liquid ammonia, followed by aqueous rinsing and drying left the fabric supple and soft. Pretreatment of cotton twill with liquid ammonia prior to cross-linking for durable press improved wash-wear rating and abrasion resistance. At the same time, it improved significantly the hand and reduced initial modulus of extension with improvement of resiliency.