gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromyography of the oral stage of swallowing in man (1972)

Abstract The geniohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, and genioglossus muscles of 20 human subjects were studied electromyographically to determine the temporal relationships of their activities during the act of swallowing. Although the firing order of the four muscles varied within the same subject, the best estimate of the “true” firing sequence was established for each of the 18 subjects who provided statistically significant data. However, no definite universal pattern could be established for the four muscles because there was great inter‐subject variability in both the duration and the sequence of activity. Therefore, at least with respect to these four muscles, each individual has his own swallowing pattern, but different people may swallow quite differently. The type of bolus (saliva vs water) may influence the duration of the muscles' activity. On the other hand, posture (semi‐reclined vs sitting) did not seem to have any influence. There was no evidence to indicate that posture and/or the type of bolus are correlated with the sequence of muscular activity. The anterior belly of the digastric muscle was not active in one‐quarter of the swallows studied. When active during deglutition, all muscles had a general electromyographic pattern of one to many summations of activity separated by relatively quiet periods before and after each swallow.
Defective p53 signaling in p53 wild-type tumors attenuates p21waf1 induction and cyclin B repression rendering them sensitive to Chk1 inhibitors that abrogate DNA damage-induced S and G2 arrest (2008)

DNA damage induces cell cycle arrest to provide time for repair and enhance cell survival. The Chk1 inhibitor 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) can overcome both S and G(2) arrest and drive cells through a lethal mitosis. S-phase arrest induced by the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38 results from activation of Chk1 and degradation of Cdc25A phosphatase that occurs independent of p53 status. However, p53-mediated induction of p21(waf1) and repression of cyclin B prevent abrogation of S and G(2) arrest, respectively. Surprisingly, incubation of MCF10A immortalized breast cells with UCN-01 fails to elevate Cdc25A protein due to p53-mediated inhibition of Cdc25A transcription. Suppression of p21(waf1) in MCF10A cells overcame this transcriptional inhibition, and the S-phase-arrested cells became sensitive to UCN-01, although they now arrested in G(2) as cyclin B expression remained suppressed. We also compared the response of p53 wild-type tumors to the combination of SN38 and UCN-01. In CAKI-1, U87MG, and SUM102, SN38 induced p21(waf1) and the cells were resistant to UCN-01. In contrast, HCT116 and MCF7 cells had markedly attenuated induction of p21(waf1) and failed to repress cyclin B. Accordingly, these cells were susceptible to UCN-01-mediated abrogation of both S and G(2) arrest. SN38 induced expression of another p53-inducible gene, 14-3-3sigma, suggesting selective dysregulation of p53 response genes. In summary, several cell lines commonly considered wild-type for p53 appear to have defects in expression of selected p53 response genes following DNA damage, and this makes them sensitive to the combination of DNA damage plus Chk1 inhibitor.
Tunneling magnetoresistance in ultrathin Co–SiO2 granular films (2003)

Tunneling giant magnetoresistance (MR) properties have been examined for ultrathin Co–SiO2 granular films, forming the pseudo-two-dimensional alignment of Co granules. The resistivity follows well the relation for the tunneling transport between Co granules. The values of resistivity and the activation energy for tunneling depend on both the Co composition and the film thickness, owing to the change in morphological structure. In the 35 vol % Co films of 5 and 10 nm thickness, the MR ratio increased with reducing temperature similar to thick films. On the other hand, in the 28 and 32 vol % Co films thinner than 5 nm, the MR ratio decreased drastically below 100 K with reducing temperature reflecting the two-dimensional alignment of Co granules.
RECENT RESEARCH ON FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF BCS CLASS II DRUGS – A REVIEW (2013)

BCS class II drugs pose challenging problems in their pharmaceutical product development process because of their low solubility and dissolution rates. They require enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate in their formulation development especially solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Several conventional methods and new emerging technologies have been developed for formulation development of BCS class II drugs. Literature on these methods as well as recent research on formulation development of BCS class II drugs is reviewed in this article.
Immunohistochemical Loss of LKB1 Is a Biomarker for More Aggressive Biology in <i>KRAS</i> -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma (2015)

LKB1 IHC is a reliable and efficient assay to evaluate for loss of LKB1 in clinical samples of NSCLC. LKB1 loss is more common in smokers, and is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype in KRAS-mutant NSCLC patients, accordingly to preclinical models.
IcmS‐dependent translocation of SdeA into macrophages by the <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> type IV secretion system (2005)

Legionella pneumophila replicates inside alveolar macrophages and causes an acute, potentially fatal pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. The ability of this bacterium to grow inside of macrophages is dependent on the presence of a functional dot/icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). Proteins secreted by the Dot/Icm T4SS are presumed to alter the host endocytic pathway, allowing L. pneumophila to establish a replicative niche within the host cell. Here we show that a member of the SidE family of proteins interacts with IcmS and is required for full virulence in the protozoan host Acanthamoeba castellanii. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and adenylate cyclase fusions, we show that SdeA is secreted into host cells by L. pneumophila in an IcmS-dependent manner. The SidE-like proteins are secreted very early during macrophage infection, suggesting that they are important in the initial formation of the replicative phagosome. Secreted SidE family members show a similar localization to other Dot/Icm substrates, specifically, to the poles of the replicative phagosome. This common localization of secreted substrates of the Dot/Icm system may indicate the formation of a multiprotein complex on the cytoplasmic face of the replicative phagosome.
Quantitative measurements of energy contamination in ULE2 deceleration (2003)

Deceleration is used in several new implanters to produce large fluxes of low energy ions, but charge exchange in the beamlines produces energy contamination. We have found that several issues must be addressed to obtain confident estimates of the energy contamination. Pre-amorphized wafers are used to eliminate channeling effects. A least squares fitting method is described that uses multiple drift mode reference profiles accommodate SIMS artifacts and variability. The limitations and accuracy of the method will be discussed.
Terahertz generation in an actively controlled femtosecond enhancement cavity (2008)

We report on terahertz generation by Cherenkov-type optical rectification in lithium niobate using an actively controlled femtosecond pumped enhancement cavity. In this way a much higher pump power is available inside the cavity and an increased terahertz output power is obtained. The advantages of terahertz generation in the Cherenkov geometry are verified by comparing it with other types of emitters by means of electro-optical detection as well as by bolometer measurements.
Coordination of Swarming Motility, Biosurfactant Synthesis, and Biofilm Matrix Exopolysaccharide Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

Biofilm formation is a complex process in which many factors are involved. Bacterial swarming motility and exopolysaccharides both contribute to biofilm formation, yet it is unclear how bacteria coordinate swarming motility and exopolysaccharide production. Psl and Pel are two key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This opportunistic pathogen has three types of motility, swimming, twitching, and swarming. In this study, we found that elevated Psl and/or Pel production reduced the swarming motility of P. aeruginosa but had little effect on swimming and twitching. The reduction was due to decreased rhamnolipid production with no relation to the transcription of rhlAB, two key genes involved in the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipid-negative rhlR and rhlAB mutants synthesized more Psl, whereas exopolysaccharide-deficient strains exhibited a hyperswarming phenotype. These results suggest that competition for common sugar precursors catalyzed by AlgC could be a tactic for P. aeruginosa to balance the synthesis of exopolysaccharides and rhamnolipids and to control bacterial motility and biofilm formation inversely because the biosynthesis of rhamnolipids, Psl, and Pel requires AlgC to provide the sugar precursors and an additional algC gene enhances the biosynthesis of Psl and rhamnolipids. In addition, our data indicate that the increase in RhlI/RhlR expression attenuated Psl production. This implied that the quorum-sensing signals could regulate exopolysaccharide biosynthesis indirectly in bacterial communities. In summary, this study represents a mechanism that bacteria utilize to coordinate swarming motility, biosurfactant synthesis, and biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide production, which is critical for biofilm formation and bacterial survival in the environment.
Ex vivo pediatric brain tumors express Fas (CD95) and FasL (CD95L) andare resistant to apoptosis induction (2001)

Fas (APO-1/CD95/TNFRSF6) is a member of the tumor necrosis/nerve growth factor receptor family that signals apoptotic cell death in sensitive cells. Expression of Fas and its agonistic ligand (FasL/TNFSF6) was investigated in ex vivo pediatric brain tumor specimens of various histologic types. Fas expression was identified in all of the 18 tumors analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. FasL expression was identified in most of the 13 tumors analyzed by both Western analysis and immunohistochemistry. Nine of these tumor specimens were treated with either the agonistic anti-Fas antibody (APO-1) in combination with protein A or FasL in short-term cytotoxicity assays. Sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, was also assessed. Despite the presence of Fas, all the specimens analyzed demonstrated a high degree of resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. These 9 specimens also showed a high degree of resistance to etoposide. Only 2 of the 9 specimens were susceptible to etoposide-induced cell death, whereas only 3 were sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. One brain tumor was sensitive to both Fas ligation and etoposide treatment. This contrasted with the high degree of susceptibility to both etoposide- and Fas-induced apoptosis observed in the reference Jurkat cell line. The results suggest that Fas expression may be a general feature of tumors of the CNS and that a significant degree of resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis may exist in ex vivo pediatric brain tumor specimens.
A hybrid Silicon-On-Glass (SOG) lateral micro-accelerometer with CMOS readout circuitry (2003)

A hybrid micro-accelerometer system consisting of a new bulk Silicon-On-Glass (SOG) lateral capacitive micro-accelerometer and a CMOS interface circuit is presented. The accelerometer has a 120 /spl mu/m-thick proof mass, 2.2 mm /spl times/ 3.0 mm in size with a 3.2 /spl mu/m sensing gap defined by DRIE. The circuit has a 95 dB dynamic range, a low offset of 370 /spl mu/V and can resolve better than 75 aF. The hybrid system has a measured sensitivity of 40 mV/g and resolution of 100 /spl mu/g//spl radic/(Hz).
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of <i>N</i>′‐benzoyl‐<i>N</i>‐(<i>tert</i>‐butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 3. Modification of <i>N‐tert</i>‐butylhydrazine moiety (2002)

Nineteen analogues were synthesized by modifying the tert-butylhydrazine moieties of N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide and N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methylchromane-6-carbohydrazide (chromafenozide), and the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura F. While all of the synthesized analogues had insecticidal activity inferior to those of the lead compounds, several of the analogues nonetheless showed high insecticidal activity. Chromafenozide has shown very high selectivity toward lepidopteran species.
Sub‐basalt depth imaging using simultaneous joint inversion of seismic and electromagnetic (MT) data: A CRB field study (2008)

Integration of seismic and magnetotelluric data for sub‐basalt imaging in the Columbia River Basin is implemented in a prestack depth migration (PSDM) workflow by means of simultaneous joint inversion of seismic and magnetotelluric residuals. The layer‐stripping joint inversion and PSDM workflow is repeated iteratively to generate an improved image of the sub‐basalt section when compared to time‐domain results. The successful first application of simultaneous PSDM‐joint inversion of seismic and electromagnetic data for a sub‐basalt imaging case suggests that the methodology could be applied to other land or marine sub‐basalt prospects.
Neural Model of Adaptive Hand-Eye Coordination for Single Postures (1988)

A neural network model has been developed that achieves adaptive visual-motor coordination of a multijoint arm, without a teacher. The model learns to position an arm so that it reaches a cylinder arbitrarily positioned in space. The model uses a new neural architecture and a new algorithm for modifying neural-connection strengths. Computer simulations show that the model performs with an average position error of 4% of the arm's length and with an average orientation error of 4 degrees. The model is designed to be generalized for coordinating any number of topographic sensory inputs with limbs of any number of joints.
Reliability investigation of InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (1996)

During elevated-temperature bias stress, InGaP/GaAs HBT's grown by MOCVD show a medium-term degradation in current gain of about 20%, with an activation energy of 0.64 eV. They also show a corresponding decrease in base resistance and an increase in turn-on voltage. InGaP/GaAs HBTs grown by GSMBE, however, do not show this degradation. SIMS measurements show a five times greater than GSMBE-epi hydrogen concentration of about 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ in the base layer of the MOCVD-grown epi. The degradation can be explained by acceptor depassivation due to hydrogen out-diffusion from the epi during stress.
A low power, low datarate integrated 433 MHz wireless transceiver in CMOS (2004)

This paper describes the design of a low power all CMOS Wireless transceiver integrated circuit for use at 433 MHz. This device includes a number of unique features that provide additional flexibility, reduce power consumption, reduce system cost and improve system performance. The design was accomplished in AMI Semiconductors' standard 0.35 micrometer CMOS mixed signal process. The transceiver can operate at data rates from 1.2 Kb/sec to over 19.2 Kb/sec. The modulation used is On/Off Keying. Key features of the transceiver are integrated dual receiver chains that provide antenna diversity and a quick start capability, which can significantly reduce power consumption.
Clustered Support Vector Machines (2013)

In many problems of machine learning, the data are distributed nonlinearly. One way to address this kind of data is training a non-linear classifier such as kernel support vector machine (kernel SVM). However, the com-putational burden of kernel SVM limits its application to large scale datasets. In this paper, we propose a Clustered Support Vec-tor Machine (CSVM), which tackles the data in a divide and conquer manner. More specif-ically, CSVM groups the data into several clusters, followed which it trains a linear sup-port vector machine in each cluster to sepa-rate the data locally. Meanwhile, CSVM has an additional global regularization, which re-quires the weight vector of each local linear SVM aligning with a global weight vector. The global regularization leverages the in-formation from one cluster to another, and avoids over-fitting in each cluster. We derive a data-dependent generalization error bound for CSVM, which explains the advantage of CSVM over linear SVM. Experiments on sev-eral benchmark datasets show that the pro-posed method outperforms linear SVM and some other related locally linear classifiers. It is also comparable to a fine-tuned ker-nel SVM in terms of prediction performance, while it is more efficient than kernel SVM. 1
A Test Strategy for High Resolution Image Scanners. (1983)

Prepared for Battelle Columbus Laboratories, Research Triangle Park Office, 200 Park Drive - P.O. Box 12297, Research Triangle Park, NC: ARO Contract No. DAAG29-81-D-0100, OSURF Project No. 715198
Photoluminescence quenching at a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">y</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">h</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">h</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>heterojunction (2000)

Quenching of photoluminescence in a substituted polythiophene in the presence of a deposited ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ layer is studied by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The steady-state PL is evaluated by considering the interference of the absorbed and emitted electro-optical field in the thin film coupled to exciton diffusion in the conjugated polymer. PL quenching occurs for excitons generated within 5 nm from the heterojunction. A blueshift of the polymer emission spectrum is observed when ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is deposited on top of a polymer thin film. The blueshift is shown to be caused by PL quenching before the excitation is transferred to the lowest-energy sites.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD (2011)

In this study, the antimicrobial activity of colloidal silver nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method was investigated, and the turbidity, viscosity and pH of the colloidal solutions were determined. The size of the silver nanoparticles was measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the colloidal solution resistance to test microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out by the Broth Microdilution Method. It was found that the silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth and multiplication of the tested microorganisms, including the fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial activity was observed against all tested microorganisms at a very low concentration of 2-4 μg/ml of nano silver.
An Efficient Anonymous Batch Authentication Scheme Based on HMAC for VANETs (2016)

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), when a vehicle receives a message, the certificate revocation list (CRL) checking process will operate before certificate and signature verification. However, large communication sources, storage space, and checking time are needed for CRLs that cause the privacy disclosure issue as well. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose an efficient anonymous batch authentication scheme (ABAH) to replace the CRL checking process by calculating the hash message authentication code (HMAC). In our scheme, we first divide the precinct into several domains, in which road-side units (RSUs) manage vehicles in a localized manner. Then, we adopt pseudonyms to achieve privacy-preserving and realize batch authentication by using an identity-based signature (IBS). Finally, we use HMAC to avoid the time-consuming CRL checking and to ensure the integrity of messages that may get loss in previous batch authentication. The security and performance analysis are carried out to demonstrate that ABAH is more efficient in terms of verification delay than the conventional authentication methods employing CRLs. Meanwhile, our solution can keep conditional privacy in VANETs.
Context sensitive symbolic pointer analysis (2005)

One of the bottlenecks in the recent movement of hardware synthesis from behavioral C programs is the difficulty in reasoning about runtime pointer values at compile time. The pointer analysis problem has been investigated in the compiler community for two decades and has yielded efficient, polynomial time algorithms for context-insensitive (CI) analysis. However, at the accuracy level for which hardware synthesis is desired, namely context and flow sensitive analysis, the time and space complexity of the best algorithms reported grow exponentially with program size. In this paper, we propose a new analysis technology to combat the inefficiency encountered in traditional algorithms. The key idea is to implicitly encode the pointer-to relation in the Boolean domain by Bryant's binary decision diagram, thereby capturing the procedure transfer function completely, compactly and canonically. With symbolic transfer functions, we can establish a common framework to perform both CI and context-sensitive (CS) pointer analysis efficiently. In addition, we propose a symbolic representation of the invocation graph, which can otherwise be exponentially large. In contrast to the classical frameworks, where CS point-to information of a procedure has to be obtained by the application of its transfer function exponentially many times, our method can obtain point-to information of all contexts in a single application. Our experimental evaluation on a wide range of C benchmarks indicates that our CS pointer analysis can be made almost as fast as its CI counterpart.
BASALT FIBER COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE (1997)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project focused on an evaluation of the feasibility of using composite rebar in concrete reinforcement based on studies of the properties of basalt fiber and reinforced composite. The progress report focuses on the technical characteristics of basalt-fiber composite/concrete. Basalt fibers exhibit a high level of mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, modulus) and chemical stability in cement media. An evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of basalt-fiber composites is provided. The technical characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete are considered and suitable basalt fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete applications are defined.