gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maladie et privation d'amour (1989)

In region-of-interest (ROI)-based video coding, ROI parts of the frame are encoded with higher quality than non-ROI parts. At low bit rates, such encoding may produce attention-grabbing coding artifacts, which may draw viewer's attention away from ROI, thereby degrading visual quality. In this paper, we present a saliency-aware video compression method for ROI-based video coding. The proposed method aims at reducing salient coding artifacts in non-ROI parts of the frame in order to keep user's attention on ROI. Further, the method allows saliency to increase in high quality parts of the frame, and allows saliency to reduce in non-ROI parts. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is able to improve visual quality of encoded video relative to conventional rate distortion optimized video coding, as well as two state-of-the art perceptual video coding methods.
Structural changes in the hippocampus in major depressive disorder: contributions of disease and treatment (2010)

Our results suggest that decreased hippocampal tail and hippocampal head volumes could be trait changes, whereas hippocampal body changes may be dependent on treatment. We showed that long-term antidepressant treatment may affect hippocampal volume in patients with MDD.
An Efficient, Durable Vocational Truck Gasoline Engine (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the potential for the use of Dedicated EGR® (D-EGR®) in a gasoline powered medium truck engine. The project goal was to determine if it is possible to match the thermal efficiency of a medium-duty diesel engine in Class 4 to Class 7 truck operations. The project evaluated a range of parameters for a D-EGR engine, including displacement, operating speed range, boosting systems, and BMEP levels. The engine simulation was done in GT-POWER, guided by experimental experience with smaller size D-EGR engines.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The resulting engine fuel consumption maps were applied to two vehicle models, which ran over a range of 8 duty cycles at 3 payloads. This allowed a thorough evaluation of how D-EGR and conventional gasoline engines compare in fuel consumption and thermal efficiency to a diesel. The project results show that D-EGR gasoline engines can compete with medium duty diesel engines in terms of both thermal efficiency and GHG emissions. Since gasoline has less energy per gallon than diesel, the D-EGR engine will have higher fuel consumption in gallons than the diesel, but the higher price of diesel fuel makes up for this difference in the US market.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">D-EGR also results in much lower in-cylinder and exhaust temperatures, which will help improve durability compared to a conventional gasoline engine. A D-EGR engine with its 3-way catalyst will be far cheaper than a diesel with DPF and SCR, so there is an opportunity for gasoline engines to regain medium truck market share.</div></div>
Molecular Characterization of Glycogen Storage Disease Type III (2002)

Deficiency of the glycogen debranching enzyme (gene, AGL) causes glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-III), an autosomal recessive disease affecting glycogen metabolism. Most GSD-III patients have AGL deficiency in both the liver and muscle (type IIIa), but some have it in the liver but not muscle (type IIIb). Cloning of human AGL cDNAs and determination of the genomic structure and mRNA isoforms of AGL have allowed for the study of GSD-III at the molecular level. In turn, the resulting information has greatly facilitated our understanding of the molecular basis of this storage disease with remarkable clinical and enzymatic variability. In this review, we summarize all 31 GSD-III mutations in the literature and discuss their clinical and laboratory implications. Most of the mutations are nonsense mutations caused by a nucleotide substitution or small insertion or deletion; only one is caused by a missense amino acid change. Some important genotype-phenotype correlation have emerged, in particular, that exon 3 mutations (17delAG and Q6X) are specifically associated with GSD-IIIb. Three other mutations have appeared to have some phenotype correlation. Specifically, the splice mutation IVS32-12A>G was found in GSD-III patients having mild clinical symptoms, while the mutations 3965delT and 4529insA are associated with a severe phenotype and early onset of clinical manifestations. A molecular diagnostic scheme has been proposed to diagnose GSD-III noninvasively. The characterization of AGL mutations in GSD-III patients has also helped the structure-function analysis of this bifunctional enzyme important for glycogen metabolism.
Sputter target erosion and its effects on long duration DC magnetron sputter coating (2009)

Atherosclerosis is probably caused by multiple interacting factors such as disturbed lipid metabolism; endothelial cell damage, leading to platelet aggregation and monocyte invasion with the release of mitogenic factors; and disorders of fibrin balance, leading to persisting fibrin deposits. Deficient fibrinolysis may (1) predispose to fibrin deposition and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and (2) contribute to occlusive thrombus formation on fissured plaque, provoking atherothrombosis. Prospective epidemiologic studies have so far not provided definitive evidence that deficient fibrinolysis constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Two recent findings, however, strongly suggest a contribution: (1) Increased lipoprotein(a) levels that reduce tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-mediated clot lysis are a clear risk factor for atherosclerosis; and (2) increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in patients with disturbed glucose tolerance predispose to an accelerated development of atherosclerotic disease. However, deficient fibrinolysis constitutes a risk factor for the development of thrombotic complications (acute myocardial infarction) in patients with coronary artery disease. The potential role of deficient fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and of atherothrombosis suggests that drugs normalizing deficient endogenous fibrinolysis by either reducing PAI-1 synthesis or by stimulating endogenous t-PA synthesis may be of clinical value. Although regulation of the gene expression of PAI-1 and t-PA is presently under active investigation, no potent specific and safe agents to downregulate PAI-1 or to upregulate t-PA have as yet been identified. Retinoic acid appears to be a specific inducer of t-PA synthesis in human endothelial cells in culture and may constitute a model for the development of drugs that stimulate endogenous t-PA synthesis.
Current Worldwide Competitive Status of Jackup Design and Construction (2012)

Retrospecting the manufacture of jackups in the latest 20 years,the mainstream jackup types and their market share is analyzed and the competitiveness of jackup design and manufacturing enterprise groups is compared in this paper.Finally,the progress of jackup turnkey contracting capacity of Chinese maritime industry was forecasted.
Intraregional Social Interaction in Late Prehistory: Paste Compositional Analysis of Oneota Pottery Vessels in the Lake Koshkonong Region (2012)

At least six large Oneota sites are distributed along the northwestern shore of Lake Koshkonong, which is more than 50 kilometers from other known Oneota settlements.Temporal and material cultural relationships among these sites have been unclear.Pottery production and acquisition of raw materials are significant unresolved questions.Did the occupants of Oneota sites on Lake Koshkonong utilize the same raw material resources?Did they follow the same paste recipes in pottery production?The close proximity of sites suggests strong social interaction and sharing of knowledge, but these connections have yet to be demonstrated.Paste compositional analysis of 226 pottery sherds from three sites-the Crescent Bay Hunt Club, Schmeling, and Koshkonong Creek Village-using ceramic petrography and energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) methods is conducted to determine the degree of connection and autonomy among occupants of Oneota sites in the region.
Characterisation of Anisotropic and Non-linear Behaviour of Human Skin<i>In Vivo</i> (1999)

The aim of this work is to characterise the in-plane mechanical behaviour of human skin in vivo. For this purpose the structural skin model proposed by Lanir [1] is employed and a mixed numerical-experimental method is developed. The numerical-experimental method is based on the confrontation of measured data from an experiment, with calculated data from a finite element model, eventually leading to the determination of some of the parameters of a constitutive model, in the present case Lanir's Skin Model. Since collagen, the main constituent of skin, dominates the anisotropic and non-linear behaviour of skin, the parameters of Lanir's Skin Model concerning the mechanical behaviour of the collagen fibres are estimated. In vivo experiments were carried out on the volar forearm. During the experiments, reaction forces and the displacement field at different states of deformation are measured. Both data sets are used for the determination of the parameters.
A measurement based connection admission control for ATM networks (2002)

A new adaptive measurement-based connection admission control (CAC) for ATM networks is proposed. Several CAC methods are considered, and the efficiency/complexity trade-off is studied. In all methods, when a new call arrives, the CAC makes a decision to accept or reject the call according to a novel procedure for free bandwidth evaluation. This procedure is based on online measurements and on an adaptive feedback mechanism. The most complex CAC scheme involves keeping records of the total amount of work that has arrived for every single connection during its entire duration and the use of a "warming up period" for conservative CAC operation. Also multiple time-scale histograms keep track of the aggregate traffic per link. In the simpler CAC scheme, different aspects of this complex approach are simplified. Simulation results based on real VBR traces demonstrate that a utilization level of over 70% can be achieved without the need for call-by-call measurements and use of the "warming up period".
Sodium-Stimulated Transport of Glutamate in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1969)

Wild-type Escherichia coli B grew poorly on glutamate as the sole carbon source, except at very high concentrations of the amino acid. The addition of sodium ion markedly stimulated the growth. It had the same effect in a mutant of E. coli B selected for the ability to grow at low glutamate concentrations. Sodium ion also potentiated growth inhibition by analogues of glutamate. The uptake of glutamate by nongrowing cells of the mutant was markedly stimulated by sodium ion in the presence of an energy source, chloramphenicol, and arsenite, which retarded glutamate degradation.
Advancements in Transmitters and Sensors for Biological Tissue Imaging in Magnetic Induction Tomography (2012)

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT), which is also known as Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) or Mutual Inductance Tomography, is among the imaging modalities of interest to many researchers around the world. This noninvasive modality applies an electromagnetic field and is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties of a material that are conductivity, permittivity and permeability. MIT is categorized under the passive imaging family with an electrodeless technique through the use of excitation coils to induce an electromagnetic field in the material, which is then measured at the receiving side by sensors. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges of the MIT technique and summarize the recent advancements in the transmitters and sensors, with a focus on applications in biological tissue imaging. It is hoped that this review will provide some valuable information on the MIT for those who have interest in this modality. The need of this knowledge may speed up the process of adopted of MIT as a medical imaging technology.
Botulinum toxin A complex exploits intestinal M cells to enter the host and exert neurotoxicity (2015)

To cause food-borne botulism, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the gastrointestinal lumen must traverse the intestinal epithelial barrier. However, the mechanism by which BoNT crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier remains unclear. BoNTs are produced along with one or more non-toxic components, with which they form progenitor toxin complexes (PTCs). Here we show that serotype A1 L-PTC, which has high oral toxicity and makes the predominant contribution to causing illness, breaches the intestinal epithelial barrier from microfold (M) cells via an interaction between haemagglutinin (HA), one of the non-toxic components, and glycoprotein 2 (GP2). HA strongly binds to GP2 expressed on M cells, which do not have thick mucus layers. Susceptibility to orally administered L-PTC is dramatically reduced in M-cell-depleted mice and GP2-deficient (Gp2(-/-)) mice. Our finding provides the basis for the development of novel antitoxin therapeutics and delivery systems for oral biologics.
Preparation of Silane Dendrimer (II) (1995)

Silane dendrimer with 96 allylic end groups has been synthesized in excellent yield using repetitive alkenylation-hydrosilylation cycles. Each of the two steps provided the products in almost quantitative yields. After a simple chromotograpic purification (silica gel, chloroform), pure dendrimers were obtained and their purity was checked with 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopic method and elemental analysis.
Somatic in vivo alterations of the DPC4 gene at 18q21 in human lung cancers. (1996)

The chromosome region 18q21 is frequently deleted in lung cancers. Recent identification of JV18-1 at this locus led us to examine whether or not it might also be altered in lung cancers, as is the case for the closely related DPC4 tumor suppressor gene. A missense somatic mutation and a 9-bp in-frame deletion were detected in the highly conserved region of JV18-1 among 57 lung cancer specimens taken directly from patients. The total alterations in JV18-1 and DPC4, however, are not sufficient to account for all 18q21 deletions in lung cancers. These findings suggest that although JV18-1 and DPC4 may play roles in a limited fraction of lung cancers, another tumor suppressor gene may also exist in this chromosome region.
Characterization of the ATF/CREB site and its complex with GCN4 (1998)

We have studied DNA minicircles containing the ATF/CREB binding site for GCN4 by using a combination of cyclization kinetics experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Cyclization rates were determined with and without GCN4 for DNA constructs containing the ATF/CREB site separated from a phased A-tract multimer bend by a variable length phasing adaptor. The cyclization results show that GCN4 binding does not significantly change the conformation of the ATF/CREB site, which is intrinsically slightly bent toward the major groove. Monte Carlo simulations quantitate the ATF/CREB site structure as an 8 degrees bend toward the major groove in a coordinate frame near the center of the site. The ATF/CREB site is underwound by 53 degrees relative to the related AP-1 site DNA. The effect of GCN4 binding can be modeled either as a decrease in the local flexibility, corresponding to an estimated 60% increase in the persistence length for the 10-bp binding site, or possibly as a small decrease (1 degrees) in intrinsic bend angle. Our results agree with recent electrophoretic and crystallographic studies and demonstrate that cyclization and simulation can characterize subtle changes in DNA structure and flexibility.
Über Digitanolglykoside, 15. Synthese von 12α.20<i>R</i>‐Epoxy‐5α.14β.17βH‐pregnanen (1967)

Abstract Ausgehend von Hecogeninacetat wurden auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen erstmals synthetisch 5α.14β.17βH‐Pregnane ( 9, 19 ) mit einem 12α.20 R ‐Oxidring hergestellt, wie er im Diginigenin, dort allerdings in der 20 S ‐Konfiguration, vorkommen soll.
Classification and management of congenital abnormalities of the femur (1983)

Sixty-nine patients with congenital abnormality of the femur were reviewed. Their manifestation of femoral dysplasia ranged from an intact femur approximately 60 per cent of the length of the normal leg to a subtotal absence of the femur in which only the femoral condyles remained, often with a congenital fusion of the knee joint. Two groups were defined: Group I consisted of those with congenital hypoplastic femur in which the hip and knee could be made functional and where, in some patients at least, leg equalisation was possible; Group II consisted of those with true proximal focal femoral deficiency where the hip joint was never normal and the knee joint was always useless. The patients in each group were examined and evaluated with respect to clinical signs, surgical procedures performed, and prosthetic requirements and function. A protocol of treatment for both groups is suggested.
Handbook for electronics engineering technicians (1976)

This popular handbook has been revised and expanded to include information on logic and signature analysis, fiber optics, microwaves, active filters, digital multimeters, microprocessors, and oscilloscopes. There is comprehensive coverage of such important topics as integrated circuit technology, operational amplifiers, AC and DC circuit analysis, resistors and capacitors, transformers and semiconductor devices.
Extension of service location protocol for IPv6 communication mobility (2002)

IPv6 Communication Mobility (IPCM) is a new concept enabling to redirect an IPv6 communication from a station to another one. The mechanisms used are related to SLP (Service Location Protocol) mechanisms. We present communication mobility, and a solution for IPv6 using several mechanisms already implemented in SLP or in Mobile IPv6.
Kostmann syndrome: severe congenital neutropenia associated with defective expression of Bcl-2, constitutive mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and excessive apoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells (2004)

Abstract Kostmann syndrome, or severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), is an autosomal recessive disorder of neutrophil production. To investigate the potential role of apoptosis in SCN, bone marrow aspirates and biopsies were obtained from 4 patients belonging to the kindred originally described by Kostmann and 1 patient with SCN of unknown inheritance. An elevated degree of apoptosis was observed in the bone marrow of these patients, and a selective decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was seen in myeloid progenitor cells. Furthermore, in vitro apoptosis of bone marrow-derived Kostmann progenitor cells was increased, and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c was detected in CD34+ and CD33+ progenitors from patients, but not in controls. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) restored Bcl-2 expression and improved survival of myeloid progenitor cells. In addition, cytochrome c release was partially reversed upon incubation of progenitor cells with G-CSF. In sum, these studies establish a role for mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in the pathogenesis of Kostmann syndrome and yield a tentative explanation for the beneficial effect of growth factor administration in these patients. (Blood. 2004;103:3355-3361)
Low power mode and IEEE 1149.1 compliance: a low power solution (2002)

The requirements of a low power mode, built into complex VLSI IC's such as microprocessors, seem to conflict with the IEEE 1149.1 Standard (JTAG). The perception that the TAP Pins-T~R~S~T~, TMS, and TDI-must be equipped with power-consuming pullup resistors or that low power and 1149.1 modes of operation are mutually exclusive is erroneous. Certain techniques can be used during the design and implementation of the TAP and the TAP controller that will allow the IC to enter low power mode without interference or unnecessary power consumption from the JTAG logic and will allow JTAG operations during low power mode while maintaining full compliance to the 1149.1 standard.
The Role of p75<sup>NTR</sup>in Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Structure and Function (2014)

The role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ) in adult cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) neurons is unclear due to conflicting results from previous studies and to limitations of existing p75 NTR -knock-out mouse models. In the present study we used a novel conditional knock-out line (ChAT-cre p75 in/in ) to assess the role of p75 NTR in the cBF by eliminating p75 NTR in choline acetyl-transferase-expressing cells. We show that the absence of p75 NTR results in a lasting increase in cBF cell number, cell size, and cholinergic innervation to the cortex. Analysis of adult ChAT-cre p75 in/in mice revealed that mutant animals show a similar loss of cBF neurons with age to that observed in wild-type animals, indicating that p75 NTR does not play a significant role in mediating this age-related decline in cBF neuronal number. However, the increased cholinergic axonal innervation of the cortex, but not the hippocampus, corresponded to alterations in idiothetic but not allothetic navigation. These findings support a role for p75 NTR -mediated regulation of cholinergic-dependent cognitive function, and suggest that the variability in previous reports of cBF neuron number may stem from limited spatial and temporal control of p75 NTR expression in existing knock-out models.
Lossy transmission line metamaterials (2004)

Abstract Lossy purely LH and generalized CRLH TL metamaterials are analyzed using both an ideal approach, assuming perfectly homogeneous media, and a lumped‐element approach, taking into account the real periodic LC configuration of artificial metastructures. The effects of losses are identified and discussed. A CRLH TL metamaterial with small losses is shown to exhibit propagation characteristics identical to that of a lossless metamaterial. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 112–114, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20392
The presence of persistent high‐risk hpv genotypes in dysplastic cervical lesions is associated with progressive disease: Natural history up to 36 months (1995)

To evaluate the clinical significance of HPV genotyping for the prediction of progressive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with cytomorphologically abnormal smears, a prospective, blind, non-intervention study was performed. A total of 342 patients screened with cytomorphologically abnormal cervical smears were monitored every 3-4 months by cervical cytology, colposcopy and HPV testing using PCR. Women with progressive CIN disease were defined as patients developing lesions with a colposcopic impression of CIN III over more than 2 quadrants or resulting in a cytological smear equivalent to Pap 5. These patients were subsequently treated according to standard procedures. If any doubt arose about the true status of the patients (n = 75) these patients were censored and biopsied. The mean follow-up time was 16.5 months (range 3-36 months). Nineteen women showed progressive CIN disease and all appeared to be continuously HPV-positive from the start of the study. At biopsy, all these patients were histologically classified as CIN III. Seventeen of these women were positive for high-risk HPV types. Two cases were classified as still unidentified HPV. No progression was seen in the absence of HPV DNA or in the presence of low-risk HPV types. In life-table analysis the cumulative rate of progressive, histologically verified CIN disease was 17% after 36 months. Further analyses showed that other risk factors such as age, sexarche, number of sexual partners or smoking hardly influenced the effect of HPV on progression. The results show that the continuous presence of high-risk HPV types in women with cytomorphologically abnormal smears is a strong marker for progressive CIN disease.