gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Ordered Macroporous Polymer Films by Templating Breath Figures (2005)

Study of Ordered Macroporous Polymer Films by Templating Breath Figures\n\nLulu Song\n\n193 pages\n\nDirected by Dr. Mohan Srinivasarao\n\n\nMacroporous films with highly ordered pore patterns have many potential applications. Some examples include microstructured electrode surfaces, photonic band gap materials and filters for cell sorting and bio-interfaces. In this dissertation we discuss a moist-casting method to prepare hexagonally-ordered macroporous films with pore sizes in the range of sub-micron to several microns, where condensed water droplets (breath figures) work as templates. Compared with other templating methods, this one is fast and simple. Well-ordered porous films can be obtained in tens of seconds and the pore size can be easily tailored and dynamically controlled by adjusting the casting conditions. More importantly, there is no need to remove the templates; water droplets just evaporate when the casting processes are finished. \n\nThis study was carried out with the intention of characterizing the structures, understanding film-formation processes and exploring special properties and possible applications. For the structural characterization, film morphology was studied in detail by normal optical microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Several interesting features have been revealed. Meanwhile, the degree of the order of the porous structures were characterized both in real space via Voronoi diagram and bond-orientational correlation function, and in reciprocal space via Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. To further understand the mechanism, the evaporation of the polymer solutions during the film formation was studied by monitoring their mass over time. Besides, the evolution of breath figures formed on the evaporating polymer solutions was in-situ recorded via a high-speed camera coupled to an optical microscope. Combined with the information on the film structures obtained via LSCM, explanations for some detailed features have been attempted. Wetting property of these films was studied in some detail. The films exhibited lotus effect, mimicking natural non-wetting surfaces. To improve the solvent stability and mechanical properties of the macroporous films for possible applications, crosslinking of the polymer matrix was tried by heating. Crosslinked structures with hexagonal arrays of cone-like air holes were obtained, which might find use as micron-sized beakers for small-quantity analysis.
Comparison between clinical examination, transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis (2007)

TVUS had better sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in cases of deep retrocervical and rectosigmoid endometriosis when compared with MRI and digital vaginal examination, confirming that it is an important preoperative examination for the definition of surgical strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and UV—VIS Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes Derived from (Dialkylamino)thiazole Dimers. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of a Gene for Glucan-binding Protein from Streptococcus mutans in Escherichia coli (1985)

The structural gene for a glucan-binding protein (GBP) of Streptococcus mutans has been inserted into a bacteriophage lambda vector and expressed in Escherichia coli K12. Lysates of E. coli infected with the recombinant phage contain an antigenic protein of the same size as S. mutans GBP. The GBP synthesized in E. coli can be affinity-purified on immobilized glucan and antiserum raised against it has been shown to precipitate fructosyltransferase activity from S. mutans.
pWalrus: Towards better integration of parallel file systems into cloud storage (2010)

Amazon S3-style storage is an attractive option for clouds that provides data access over HTTP/HTTPS. At the same time, parallel file systems are an essential component in privately owned clusters that enable highly scalable dataintensive computing. In this work, we take advantage of both of those storage options, and propose pWalrus, a storage service layer that integrates parallel file systems effectively into cloud storage. Essentially, it exposes the mapping between S3 objects and backing files stored in an underlying parallel file system, and allows users to selectively use the S3 interface and direct access to the files. We describe the architecture of pWalrus, and present preliminary results showing its potential to exploit the performance and scalability of parallel file systems.
Flood of Sequence Data Yields Clues But Few Answers (2003)

The unprecedented computer and brain power focused on the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak is beginning to yield hints about how to fight the disease. Within 3 weeks of fingering the culprit, scientists in several labs had sequenced the novel 30,000-base coronavirus. Last week, researchers from Singapore described their comparison of sequences drawn from 14 patients around the world, providing insights on the mutation rate of the virus and tools to track its spread. And on 13 May, researchers from Germany used the sequence to work out a probable structure for one of the key proteins involved in the virus's replication, a development that could provide a possible drug target.
Two Major Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci are Required to Counteract the Increased Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight of the <i>Rht‐D1b</i> Dwarfing Gene in Wheat (2011)

ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) disease of global importance. The widely used dwarfing allele Rht‐D1b has recently been shown to compromise FHB resistance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of this dwarfing allele in a segregating population with major resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) derived from ‘Sumai‐3’ and Nobeokabozu, and to determine how many resistance QTL are needed to counteract its negative effect. Fusarium head blight resistance was evaluated in four field trials with spray inoculation and two field trials with point inoculation in a double‐haploid (DH) population from a cross between the Swedish cv. Avle (susceptible spring type; wild‐type allele Rht‐D1a ) and Line 685 (resistant winter type; semi‐dwarf allele Rht‐D1b ). The Rht‐D1 locus explained up to 38% of the phenotypic variation and was the most important QTL for FHB severity under spray inoculation but did not show any effect after point inoculation. Fhb1 on 3BS was detected with both inoculation methods but was relatively more important after point inoculation. Another two QTL on 5A and 2BL were detected after spray inoculation and a QTL on 2D after point inoculation. Comparison of phenotypic effects of different allele combinations revealed that a combination of both Fhb1 and the 5A QTL was required to counteract the increased susceptibility of Rht‐D1b . Although breeding of FHB resistant cultivars with this dwarfing allele is possible, it requires the pyramiding of several resistant QTL to achieve adequate levels of resistance.
Selectivity of Dinoseb in an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier (1971)

The relative susceptibility of 40 plant species to postemergence applications of 2- sec -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) in isoparaffinic oil was determined. Peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Holland Virginia 56R’), with an I 50 of greater than 2.24 kg/ha, were the most tolerant, and johnsongrass ( Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) seedlings, with an I 50 of 0.011 kg/ha, were the most susceptible. This is greater than a 200-fold difference in susceptibility, due primarily to internal tolerance, because penetration differences were reduced with the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Legumes generally were the most tolerant, and grasses ranged from tolerant to the most susceptible. Several species, primarily grasses, showed greater than 25% inhibition of shoot fresh weight from the isoparaffinic oil carrier alone.
FGFR4 Prevents Hyperlipidemia and Insulin Resistance but Underlies High-Fat Diet–Induced Fatty Liver (2007)

FGFR4 plays essential roles in systemic lipid and glucose homeostasis. FGFR4 activity in hepatocytes that normally serves to prevent systemic hyperlipidemia paradoxically underlies the fatty liver disease associated with chronic high-fat intake and obesity.
Antibacterial activity of BMS-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam (1997)

The in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, BMS-180680 (SQ 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. BMS-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, with MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Proteus spp., and Providencia spp. BMS-180680 had moderate activities (MIC90s of 2 to 8 microg/ml) against Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Shigella spp., and non-E. aerogenes Enterobacter spp. BMS-180680 was the only antibiotic evaluated that was active against >90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90, 0.25 microg/ml), Burkholderia cepacia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MIC90s, 1 microg/ml) strains tested. BMS-180680 was inactive against most strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas diminuta, and Burkholderia pickettii. BMS-180680 was moderately active (MIC90s of 4 to 8 microg/ml) against Alcaligenes spp. and Acinetobacter lwoffii and less active (MIC90, 16 microg/ml) against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanii complex. BMS-180680 lacked activity against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Both tonB and cir fiu double mutants of E. coli had greatly decreased susceptibility to BMS-180680. Of the TEM, PSE, and chromosomal-encoded beta-lactamases tested, only the K1 enzyme hydrolyzed BMS-180680 to any measurable extent. Like aztreonam, BMS-180680 bound preferentially to penicillin-binding protein 3. The MICs of BMS-180680 were not influenced by the presence of hematin or 5% sheep blood in the test medium or with incubation in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. BMS-180680 MICs obtained under strict anaerobic conditions were significantly higher than those obtained in ambient air.
Human and Rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H Demonstrate a Conserved Capacity To Restrict Vif-Deficient HIV-1 (2011)

Successful intracellular pathogens must evade or neutralize the innate immune defenses of their host cells and render the cellular environment permissive for replication. For example, to replicate efficiently in CD4(+) T lymphocytes, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a protein called viral infectivity factor (Vif) that promotes pathogenesis by triggering the degradation of the retrovirus restriction factor APOBEC3G. Other APOBEC3 proteins have been implicated in HIV-1 restriction, but the relevant repertoire remains ambiguous. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of the complete, seven-member human and rhesus APOBEC3 families in HIV-1 restriction. In addition to APOBEC3G, we find that three other human APOBEC3 proteins, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, and APOBEC3H, are all potent HIV-1 restriction factors. These four proteins are expressed in CD4(+) T lymphocytes, are packaged into and restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1 when stably expressed in T cells, mutate proviral DNA, and are counteracted by HIV-1 Vif. Furthermore, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H of the rhesus macaque also are packaged into and restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1 when stably expressed in T cells, and they are all neutralized by the simian immunodeficiency virus Vif protein. On the other hand, neither human nor rhesus APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, nor APOBEC3C had a significant impact on HIV-1 replication. These data strongly implicate a combination of four APOBEC3 proteins--APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H--in HIV-1 restriction.
An Improved ICP Algorithm Based on the Sensor Projection for Automatic 3D Registration (2008)

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) registration is the process aligning the range data sets form different views in a common coordinate system. In order to generate a complete 3D model, we need to refine the data sets after coarse registration. One of the most popular refinery techniques is the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, which starts with pre-estimated overlapping regions. This paper presents an improved ICP algorithm that can automatically register multiple 3D data sets from unknown viewpoints. The sensor projection that represents the mapping of the 3D data into its associated range image and a cross projection are used to determine the overlapping region of two range data sets. By combining ICP algorithm with the sensor projection, we can make an automatic registration of multiple 3D sets without pre-procedures that are prone to errors and any mechanical positioning device or manual assistance. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve more precise 3D registration of a couple of 3D data sets than previous methods. 1
An improved method for rapid purification of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA over a wide size range (1992)

An improved method has been developed for the large-scale purification of covalently closed circular (CCC) plasmid DNA molecules of sizes ranging from 4.3 to 73 kb. This protocol uses an alkaline-lysis procedure followed by acid-phenol extraction but with several modifications to previously reported methods. The principal modification is the replacement of NaCl by MgCl2 in the extraction buffer to improve yield and to remove chromosomal and other non-CCC plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA can be purified in less than 1 h and used successfully in restriction enzyme analysis and cloning experiments.
Introducing autonomous vehicles in logistics: a review from a broad perspective (2016)

Vehicle automation technologies are rapidly developing and will be available soon. Businesses in the logistics industry can develop a competitive advantage when effectively adopting this new technology. However, only limited research exists about the impact of autonomous vehicles on the logistics industry. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad introduction to autonomous vehicles, after which the usage and potential consequences of autonomous vehicles in logistics is discussed. It is clear the adoption of AVs holds the promise of completely innovating the way in which mobility and transportation logistics are dealt with and many research opportunities remain unexplored.
FIFO networking: Punctual event-triggered communication (2009)

It is desirable to be able to combine ease of implementation of a network with the ability to analyze the properties of the network. In order to address this we present a MAC protocol where the network acts as a FIFO, and examine the resulting properties of the network using both a theoretical study of the waiting times and a simulation experiment. It turns out that this type of protocol would allows us to achieve real-time guarantees for an event-triggered system, as well as controlled jitter for message delivery. Further, temporal composability, and how to design a system using FIFO networking, is discussed.
Self-Assembly of Active IrO<sub>2</sub> Colloid Catalyst on an ITO Electrode for Efficient Electrochemical Water Oxidation (2005)

Active catalysts for water oxidation to evolve O(2) are required for the construction of artificial photosynthetic devices that are expected to be promising energy-providing systems in the future. The citrate-stabilized IrO(2) colloid was self-assembled onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to form a monolayer of the colloidal IrO(2) particles when it was dipped in the colloid solution. The self-assembly could be achieved by a chemical interaction between carboxylate groups on the citrate stabilizer and hydroxyl groups on the ITO surface to form ester bonds. Efficient electrocatalysis for water oxidation was demonstrated using the electrode modified by the self-assembled IrO(2) colloid to yield the highest turnover frequency ((2.3-2.5) x 10(4) h(-1)) of IrO(2) in the hitherto-reported catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation.
Rapid Microbiologic and Pharmacologic Evaluation of Experimental Compounds against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2006)

The assessment of physiochemical and pharmacological properties at early stages of drug discovery can accelerate the conversion of hits and leads into candidates for further development. A strategy for streamlined evaluation of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the early preclinical stage is presented in this report. As a primary assay to rapidly select experimental compounds with sufficient in vitro activity, the growth inhibition microtiter plate assay was devised as an alternative to current methods. This microdilution plate assay is a liquid culture method based on spectrophotometric readings of the bacillary growth. The performance of this method was compared to the performance of two established susceptibility methods using clinical available tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Data generated from all three assays were similar for all of the tested compounds. A second simple bioassay was devised to assess the oral bioavailability of compounds prior to extensive in vivo efficacy testing. The bioassay estimates drug concentrations in collected serum samples by a microdilution MIC plate method using M. tuberculosis. In the same assay, the MIC of the compound is also determined in the presence of 10% mouse serum as an indication of protein binding. The method was validated using different clinically available TB drugs, and results are discussed in this report. With these methodological advances, screening of compounds against tuberculosis in the preclinical phase will be rapid, can be adapted to semi-high-throughput screening, and will add relevant physicochemical and basic pharmacological criteria to the decision process of drug discovery.
Tremendous Spin-Splitting Effects in Open Boron Nitride Nanotubes:  Application to Nanoscale Spintronic Devices (2006)

Our calculations demonstrate that the intrinsic magnetism of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) can be induced by their open ends, and the resulting magnetic moment is sensitive to the chirality of BNNTs. It is found that BNNTs, a pure sp-electron system, present a tremendous spin-splitting larger than 1 eV and that B-rich-ended and N-rich-ended BNNTs exhibit "conjugate", spin-polarized, deep-gap states. Tremendous spin-splitting effects combined with considerable local spin-polarizations at the open ends make BNNTs significant for applications of nanoscale spintronics such as spin-polarized electron emitters.
The Development of a Continuous Manufacturing Method for a Deployable Satellite Mast in CFRP (1986)

Long booms or masts are frequently required on spacecraft for a variety of purposes, such as supports for solar arrays, as antennas, or to locate experiments remote from the spacecraft environment. Prior to, and during launch, the masts must be stored in a compact form on board the spacecraft. There may also be a need to retract and redeploy masts when in orbit, for example to minimize the angular momentum during changes in the attitude of the spacecraft. A variety of designs of extendable or foldable masts have been developed. Some are based on a series of telescopic tubes, others make use of the de Haviland tube principle consisting of a thin-walled tube of elastic material, split longitudinally, which is opened out flat and coiled for launch. When uncoiled, it reverts to a circular cross-section and in some designs, provision is made for the edges of the split to interlock mechanically to increase the rigidity. The Collapsible Tube Mast (CTM) is a closed tube of lenticular cross-section that can be flattened and then reeled on a drum for storage in a relatively small volume. Collapsible masts made from thin metal sheet were explored in the United States space programme in the 1960&apos;s1,2,3 and steel CTM&apos;s were used in the Viking Lander 1 and 2 spacecraft to collect soil samples on Mars in 19764. Early use of collapsible tubes in carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) for the construction of deployable
Fuzzy Adaptive Stabilization of Higher Order Kalman Filters in Application to Precision Kinematic GPS (1996)

Kinematic GPS measurements are used to estimate
absolute coordinates and velocities of moving vehicles.
Particularly, when GPS receivers are integrated into
navigation systems, they serve as sensors providing input
to the navigation computer. The major objective of data
processing algorithms implemented in the computer is to
separate useful signals from measurement noise. Currently,
the most effective tool for reduction of random noise in
real-time systems is the Kahnan filter. However, the
uncertainty in the specification of the vehicle dynamics
model can lead to instability of the Kalman filter and
substantial navigation errors.
Proposed in this paper is a method for Kalman filter
stabilization, based on joining the least mean squares
(LMS) method and Kahnan filtering. Our approach allows
one to incorporate the simple method of weight function
construction for the LMS method with the recursive
Kahnan filtering approach. We propose an attractive
computational method for the construction of weight
functions on the basis of fuzzy theory. The algorithm has
been simulated using MATLAB Fuzzy Toolbox and tested
on several examples.
New Isomalabaricane Triterpenes from the Marine Sponge <i>Stelletta globostellata</i> That Induce Morphological Changes in Rat Fibroblasts (2000)

Three new isomalabaricane triterpenes, 29-hydroxystelliferin D (2), 3-epi-29-hydroxystelliferin E (3), and 3-epi-29-hydroxystelliferin A (4), were isolated from the marine sponge Stelletta globostellata. Their structures, including absolute stereochemistry, were determined on the basis of spectral data and chemical methods. Rat fibroblasts treated with 0.2 microM of 2-4 exhibited unusual morphological characteristics, followed by death in 5 days.
A comparison of LC and SFC for cellulose‐ and amylose‐derived chiral stationary phases (1995)

Abstract This paper presents a systematic comparison of liquid chromatography (LC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD chiral stationary phases (CSPs), performed using various chiral compounds having a known or potential pharmaceutical activity. The chiral recognition mechanisms involved in LC and SFC for the enantiomeric separation of β‐blockers have been studied more particularly. As a general rule, it appears that the presence of polar functions, like primary or secondary hydroxyl or amine functions, may result in marked discrepancies in selectivity between LC and SFC. This result is peculiar to cellulose‐ and amylose‐derived CSPs, for which the interactions involved in chiral recognition mechanism are not always well balanced, contrary to what happens for independent CSPs. In the case of chiral resolution of polar solutes or polymer‐type CSPs, the analyst should try both the LC and SFC techniques to be able to choose the more stereoselective one. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frustrated total internal reflection an alternative for optical cross-connect architectures (1998)

As wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) becomes widely deployed though the interoffice, local loop and enterprise network, optical ADD/DROP, restoration and protection switching will become a necessity to manage optical networks cost effectively. A technology refereed to as frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) provides a very promising atternative to both mechanical and solid state optical switching. This paper will discuss the theory behind the FTIR optical switch.