gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defective RNA splicing in the absence of adenovirus-associated RNAI. (1986)

We have analyzed late gene expression in 293 cells infected with an adenovirus type 5 mutant dl331, which is defective in production of the low molecular weight virus-associated (VA) RNAI. The results show that several steps in late gene expression are affected. In addition to the previously characterized defect in late mRNA translation, mutant infected cells also show an aberrant selection of RNA splice sites and a substantially reduced L2, L3, and L5 mRNA accumulation. Normal or even slightly elevated amounts of mRNA from region L1 are produced. However, the L1 pre-mRNA is spliced only to generate the mRNA encoding the Mr 52,000-55,000 polypeptide and no detectable mRNA for polypeptide IIIa. Cotransfection of a plasmid encoding VA RNAI complemented the splicing defect in trans, suggesting that the abnormalities are due to the absence of VA RNAI, rather than to a cis-acting change in the nuclear precursor RNA. In a HeLa cell variant, which allows late protein synthesis also in the absence of VA RNAI, because of a lack of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase expression, a normal repertoire of late mRNA was produced. We conclude that a soluble factor, most likely a late viral protein, controls differential RNA splicing and late mRNA accumulation during an adenovirus infection.
The rhetoric of managed contagion (2013)

This article investigates the ramifications of the epidemiological metaphor at the centre of viral marketing. In particular, it explores the tension that exists between the presentation of the viral marketing message as an independent, quasi-organic entity with a threatening, wild potential and the apparently contradictory assertion that it can also be ‘domesticated’ through careful management of its design parameters and infection vectors. The influence of both memetics and the tipping point motif on this depiction is discussed, and the article considers the persuasive advantages of implications of message agency in the marketing of viral marketing itself. This article is the first study of the root metaphors underlying the discourse of viral marketing and serves to contextualise that discourse within the historical influence of memetic theory and the early literature on word-of-mouth marketing, and the more general relationship that marketing continues to have with issues of control.
Spotlights (2016)

The paper contributes a novel technique that can improve user performance in skim reading. Users typically use a continuous-rate-based scrolling technique to skim works such as longer Web pages, e-books, and PDF files. However, visual attention is compromised at higher scrolling rates because of motion blur and extraneous objects with overly brief exposure times. In response, we present Spotlights. It complements the regular continuous technique at high speeds (2--20 pages/s). We present a novel design rule informed by theories of the human visual system for dynamically selecting objects and placing them on transparent overlays on top of the viewer. This improves the quality of visual processing at high scrolling rates by 1) limiting the number of objects, 2) ensuring minimal processing time per object, and 3) keeping objects static to avoid motion blur and facilitate gaze deployment. Spotlights was compared to continuous scrolling in two studies using long documents (200+ pages). Comprehension levels for long documents were comparable with those in continuous-rate-based scrolling, but Spotlights showed significantly better scrolling speed, gaze deployment, recall, lookup performance, and user-rated comprehension.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF PICENE WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (1973)

Abstract Picen (I) reagiert mit Maleinsäureanhydrid (II) zum Addukt (III), das in (IV) übergeht und zu (V) decarboxyliert werden kann.
What Does International Law Mean to Us? (1936)

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In Vivo Effect of Chronic Ethanol Abuse on Membrane αl‐Glycoprotein of Lymphocytes and Immune Response to Various Stimulating Agents (1989)

Data on the immune status of chronic alcoholic patients are rather conflicting probably due to the interference of liver disease and/or malnutrition on immune function. In order to avoid this kind of interference, peripheral lymphocytes from 12 chronic alcoholic patients in good nutritional status and without heavy liver damage and 15 healthy controls were examined in this study. Lymphocyte functional activity was evaluated by means of response to phytohemagglutinin, calcium ionophore A 23187, and autologous non-T-cells [autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR)]. Phenotypical analysis was carried out by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies specific to CD5 (mature T-lymphocytes), CD4 (helper/inducer T-lymphocytes), CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes), glycoproteins, and an immunoglobulin fraction from rabbit directed to membrane alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) that is involved in T-cell activation process. Our results show significant impairment in AMLR while response to phytohemagglutinin, heterologous non-T-cells and carcinoma ionophore did not differ from controls. No differences were present in circulating T-lymphocytes expressing CD5, CD4, and CD8 on their membrane, whereas AGP-bearing lymphocytes were significantly lower in chronic alcoholics (14.4 +/- 8.6) than in controls (31.9 +/- 8.1; p less than 0.001). These results support the hypothesis of a direct action of alcohol on one of the pathways of lymphocyte activation and the role of the lymphocyte membrane AGP on the AMLR.
Ordered and disordered structures in borosilicates with a pentasil-type framework (1984)

X-ray diffraction patterns of two different zeolite-like borosilicates, BOR-C and BOR-D, are subjected to investigation. The structure of BOR-C is interpreted in terms of a regular stacking of `pentasil' layers correlated by inversion centres (i-type stacking). Conversely, the structure of BOR-D may only be described as a layer sequence in which the prevailing i-type stacking is interrupted by faults consisting of mirror-related layers (σ-type stacking). A statistical model where both the crystal surfaces and the stacking faults (with a 25% probability) are randomly distributed (Bernoullian model) leads to Lorentzian profiles and the resulting calculations show a good fit with experiment. In view of the very strong X-ray similarity among BOR-D, the ZSM-11 aluminosilicate and the pure silica analogue silicalite-2, the same statistical model is proposed for the two latter structures.
Laser-ignited glow discharge in lithium vapor (2000)

Ignition of lithium glow discharge below self-breakdown voltage is studied for three cases of laser excitation of lithium vapor: the quasiresonant line at 460.3 nm $(2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}4d),$ the two-photon resonant line at 639.1 nm $(2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}3d$ transition), or the first resonance at 670.8 nm $(2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{s}2p$ transition). The conditions for laser ignition of the discharge are described. The differences between the self-breakdown voltage and the breakdown voltage for laser initiation of the discharge are given for different lithium number densities.
Expanding the Subproteome of the Inner Mitochondria Using Protein Separation Technologies (2006)

Currently no single proteomics technology has sufficient analytical power to allow for the detection of an entire proteome of an organelle, cell, or tissue. One approach that can be used to expand proteome coverage is the use of multiple separation technologies especially if there is minimal overlap in the proteins observed by the different methods. Using the inner mitochondrial membrane subproteome as a model proteome, we compared for the first time the ability of three protein separation methods (two-dimensional liquid chromatography using the ProteomeLab PF 2D Protein Fractionation System from Beckman Coulter, one-dimensional reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) to determine the relative overlap in protein separation for these technologies. Data from these different methods indicated that a strikingly low number of proteins overlapped with less than 24% of proteins common between any two technologies and only 7% common among all three methods. Utilizing the three technologies allowed the creation of a composite database totaling 348 non-redundant proteins. 82% of these proteins had not been observed previously in proteomics studies of this subproteome, whereas 44% had not been identified in proteomics studies of intact mitochondria. Each protein separation method was found to successfully resolve a unique subset of proteins with the liquid chromatography methods being more suited for the analysis of transmembrane domain proteins and novel protein discovery. We also demonstrated that both the one- and two-dimensional LC allowed for the separation of the alpha-subunit of F1F0 ATP synthase that differed due to a change in pI or hydrophobicity.
Saliva and Plasma Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Detection and Surveillance of Human Papillomavirus–Related Head and Neck Cancer (2014)

Using a combination of pretreatment plasma and saliva can increase the sensitivity of pretreatment HPV-16 status as a tool for screening patients with HPV-16-positive OPSCC. In addition, analysis of HPV-16 DNA in saliva and plasma after primary treatment may allow for early detection of recurrence in patients with HPV-16-positive OPSCC.
Electronic Properties of N-Heteroaromatics. XXX. : Chemica1 Carcinogens. (7). : Conversion of 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide into 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-Oxide in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid (1969)

Qualitative and quantitative studies were made on the reduction of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide by ascorbic acid. It was confirmed that 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and 4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide were formed as the main and minor reduction products, respective1y, of the nitro compound. Methods for the determination of these reduction products were established, which included paper chromatographic separation and fluorometric measurements of N-oxide compounds. By using these methods examinations were made on the effect of pH, temperature, and ascorbic acid concentration on the yields of both reaction products. In a typical experiment carried out at pH 8.0 and 37°, 87% of the nitro compound was converted into the hydroxyamino compound. It was revealed that the formation of the hydroxyamino compound in alkaline solution was inhibited by the presence of thiol compounds, such as glutathione, L-cysteine, and thiamine. From the experimental results it was presumed that the amino compound was formed through self-oxidation-reduction of the hydroxyamino compound. Possible significance of the above observations in chemical carcinogenesis has also been discussed.
Use of negative ion mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of sulfur isotope ratios Î´33S and Î´34S (2016)

We describe a newly constructed dual inlet system and triple collector for precision study of sulfur isotope anomalies, 33 S, using negative ion mass spectrometry.SO 2 gas is admitted to the ion source where it is ionized either to SO -or S -by low energy electrons (resonant ionization) and the ion beam is analyzed by a single focusing magnetic analyzer.Another gas which can be used for 33 S and 34 S analysis by negative ion mass spectrometry is SF 6 on mass spectrum of SF 5 -ions.
Een juridische blik op de uitsluiting van homoseksuelen als bloeddonor (2011)

Redelijke argumenten lijken aanwezig aan beide kanten van het bloeddonatie debat: bezorgdheid over de publieke gezondheid aan de ene kant en een strijd tegen stigmatisering en discriminatie aan de andere. Maar welke schaal van de balans weegt het meeste door? Welke zijde heeft het recht aan haar kant? Deze bijdrage zal een antwoord trachten te bieden op die vragen door de lens van de rechtspraak van het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens (EHRM).
Regulation of muscle transcription by the MyoD family. The heart of the matter. (1993)

The two striated muscle cell types, skeletal and cardiac muscle, express overlapping sets of muscle-specific genes. Activation of muscle-specific transcription in skeletal muscle is controlled by the MyoD family of regulatory factors, which are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle. Members of the MyoD family share homology within a basic helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif that mediates DNA binding and dimerization and form heterodimers with widely expressed HLH proteins, referred to as E proteins. Although many of the genes that are regulated by members of the MyoD family are also expressed in cardiac muscle, known members of the MyoD family have never been detected in cardiac muscle, suggesting that cardiac myocytes either express unique cell type-specific HLH proteins or rely on a distinct regulatory strategy for activation of cardiac muscle transcription. This review will summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms through which the MyoD family activates skeletal muscle transcription and will consider potential mechanisms that may regulate gene expression in the heart.
Clinical and Biochemical Phenotype in 11 Patients With Mevalonic Aciduria (1993)

These observations establish the broad range of clinical symptoms and biochemical findings in mevalonic aciduria. It is concluded that although patients with mevalonic aciduria have a recognizable phenotype of serious clinical manifestations, some patients are likely to remain undiagnosed and may be found in a variety of subspecialty clinics, including neurology, gastroenterology, cardiology, and genetics.
Oxidation of 3-Aminoquinazolinones with Lead Tetraacetate. A Novel Synthesis of Naphtho-Fused Azirino-Pyrazolo- and 1,4,5-Oxadiazepino-Quinazolinones (2002)

Oxidation of 3-aminoquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative 3c using lead tetraacetate in methylene chloride at −20°C gave aziridine 4, while reaction of 7b and 7c under similar conditions gave the oxadiazepine derivatives 7H-naphtho[2′,1′:6,7][1,4,5]oxadiazepino[3,4-b]quinazolin-9(15H)-one (9) and 16H-naphtho[1′,2′:6,7][1,4,5]oxadiazepino[3,4-b]quinazolin-14(8H)-one (11), respectively.
An assessment of developing dual use electric actuation technologies for military aircraft and commercial application (2002)

In recognition of today's shrinking defense budgets, the DoD decided that military products must share, wherever possible, technologies being developed-in the commercial sector in support of DoD's desire. The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) sponsored and funded the Technology Reinvestment Project (TRP) in 1993. The TRP's goal was to develop militarily useful, commercially viable dual-use technology in order to improve the DoD's access to more affordable and advanced technologies being developed for commercial applications. One such project was the Electric Actuation and Control System (EACS) program. The objective of the EACS program was to develop, demonstrate, and package an electric actuation and control system for a large critical flight control surface. A second objective was to design and build an affordable dual use electrohydraulic valve for earth moving equipment hydraulic systems and an aircraft utility actuation system. The focus of this paper is a discussion on the military electric actuation activities performed under the EACS program. In addition, a discussion covers the potential influence of commercial technologies and design practices on electric actuators for future military weapon systems.
Prostaglandin F-2α is transferred from the uterus to the ovary in the sheep by lymphatic and blood vascular pathways (1985)

[3H]Prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGF-2 alpha) was infused into a uterine lymphatic vessel or a uterine vein for up to 1 h, or injected into the uterine lumen of anaesthetized non-pregnant sheep 7-15 days after oestrus. After an intraluminal injection, labelled PGF-2 alpha was recovered in uterine lymph and peak radioactivity was reached 50 min after injection. [3H]PGF-2 alpha infused at a constant rate into a uterine lymphatic vessel resulted in a maximum concentration of radioactivity in plasma which was 5.6- and 1.7-fold higher in the adjacent utero-ovarian and ovarian vein, respectively, than in carotid arterial plasma. Estimation of the amount of infusate transferred from a lymphatic into ovarian venous blood gave a value (0.4%) similar to that for transfer from a uterine vein (0.3%). Evidence for local transfer was substantiated by the presence of significantly higher concentrations of 3H-labelled compounds in the ovary and corpus luteum adjacent to the site of intra-lymphatic infusion compared with those in the opposite organs. The concentrations in the adjacent ovary and corpus luteum were significantly greater when an intra-lymphatic rather than intra-uterine vein infusion was adopted. The results show that [3H]PGF-2 alpha is transferred locally from uterine lymphatic vessels into the adjacent ovary, corpus luteum and ovarian vein.
Critical Review of Noninvasive Optical Technologies for Wound Imaging (2016)

<b>Significance:</b> Noninvasive imaging approaches can provide greater information about a wound than visual inspection during the wound healing and treatment process. This review article focuses on various optical imaging techniques developed to image different wound types (more specifically ulcers). <b>Recent Advances:</b> The noninvasive optical imaging approaches in this review include hyperspectral imaging, multispectral imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, laser Doppler imaging, laser speckle imaging, spatial frequency domain imaging, and fluorescence imaging. The various wounds imaged using these techniques include open wounds, chronic wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, decubitus ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and burns. Preliminary work in the development and implementation of a near-infrared optical scanner for wound imaging as a noncontact hand-held device is briefly described. The technology is based on NIRS and has demonstrated its potential to differentiate a healing from nonhealing wound region. <b>Critical Issues:</b> While most of the optical imaging techniques can penetrate few hundred microns to a 1-2 mm from the wound surface, NIRS has the potential to penetrate deeper, demonstrating the potential to image internal wounds. <b>Future Directions:</b> All the technologies are currently at various stages of translational efforts to the clinic, with NIRS holding a greater promise for physiological assessment of the wounds internal, beyond the gold-standard visual assessment.
Investigation of the Influence of electrical parameters on dynamic property of Self-integrating Rogowski coil (2013)

Rogowski coil as the special mutual inductor is often applied to measure high amplitude and transient currents in electrical industry. Since there are no iron core, they cannot be driven into saturation. In this paper, the transfer function of the self-integrating Rogowski is proposed based on the analysis of the Rogowski coil. According to the transfer function, bode diagram simulates the effect of changing some of these parameters. Also, the influences of self-inductance, sampling resistance and stray capacitance are disussed in details. Moreover, a high-frequency current transducer for measurement of PD is developed based on the self-integrating Rogowsk,and the actual dynamic response are performed by adopting function generator. Based on the transducer, measurements of PD of needle-plate model under impulse voltage is identical to the results of theory analysis. Finally, the method to obtain an optimum dynamic property in self-integrating Rogowski coil is suggested. Streszczenie. W artykule wyznaczono charakterystyke przetwarzania paska Rogowskiego bez ukladu calkującego. Wyznaczono charakterystyki czestotliwościowe czujnika prądu a nastepnie sprawdzono parametry na przykladzie badania wyladowan niezupelnych. (Badania wplywu parametrow elektrycznych na wlaściwości dynamiczne paska Rogowskiego)
Factors affecting the intraocular penetration of antibiotics. The influence of route, inflammation, animal species and tissue pigmentation. (1978)

Antibiotics which are sparingly lipid-soluble, such as the penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, penetrate the eye with great difficulty, achieving intravitreal concentrations which are only a small percentage of the peak serum level. As a result, it is common practice to administer these agents by periocular injection. We have compared the penetration of gentamicin in albino rabbits with that in squirrel monkeys, in normal and infected eyes, after retrobulbar and subconjunctival administration. Generally speaking, the subconjunctival route produced levels equal to or higher than those resulting from retrobulbar injection in both species; it was distinctly superior with regard to cornea and aqueous humor. Inflammation had a neutral or enhancing influence upon intraocular penetration in the monkey, but had a more variable effect in the rabbit; this may be related to the balance between diminution of the blood-ocular barrier and increased dissipation of antibiotic into the systemic circulation. Interspecies differences were much more striking in normal than in infected eyes. This underlines the necessity for the investigator to study inflamed eyes if the results are to be relevant to the clinical situation. Iris and choroid-retina from pigmented rabbits contained significantly more clindamycin and less gentamycin and less gentamicin, in terms of diffusible drug, than tissues from albino animals. These discrepancies reflect opposite interactions between melanin and the two antibiotics in vivo.
Screening gene expression libraries for epitopes recognized in <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> by mouse T cells (1991)

Parasite expression libraries have so far been screened with antibodies, DNA probes or T cell clones. Immunity to many parasites, such as Mycobacterium leprae, is largely mediated by T cells, and so the screening of such libraries for T cell epitopes is an important step toward the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic reagents. A new method for screening of lambda gt11 libraries with uncloned T cell populations is presented here, which takes advantage of the fact that the recombinant proteins contain beta-galactosidase as their leader peptide; this allows them to be semipurified by means of anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies coated on the bottom of microtiter plate wells, within which a proliferation assay can then be carried out. Optimum conditions for the assay were determined, using the M. leprae 18-kDa antigen as a test antigen.
High Molecular Permeance in a Poreless Ceramic Membrane (2007)

A novel composite membrane without continuous pores (see figure) with very high permeance for hydrogen is reported. The membrane is composed of a thin (30 nm) permselective silica layer deposited on a graded γ-alumina multilayer substrate, consisting of size-controlled boehmite (AlOOH) sols deposited in order of decreasing size on a macroporous alumina support. A theory involving jumps of permeating molecules between adjacent solubility sites explains its behavior.
The thermal decomposition of silver oxalate (1948)

F. C. Tompkins, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1948, 44, 206 DOI: 10.1039/TF9484400206