gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microalgae Growth Using High‐Strength Wastewater Followed by Anaerobic Co‐Digestion (2012)

Integration of algal biofuel production to wastewater anaerobic digestion infrastructure has the potential to increase biogas production, decrease high and variable internal nitrogen loads, and improve sludge digestibility and dewaterability. In this research, two species of microalgae, Spirulina platensis and Chlorella sp., were grown on sludge centrate and a centrate and nitrified wastewater effluent mixture. Harvested algae were co-digested with waste activated sludge (WAS) at varying ratios. High-growth (6.8 g m(-2) x d(-1)), nitrogen (36.5 g m(-3) x d(-1)), and phosphorus (6.5 g m(-3) x d(-1)) uptake rates were achieved with Chlorella on centrate. No growth was observed with S. platensis under the same conditions; however, both organisms grew well on the centrate and effluent mixture. Co-digestion of algae with WAS improved volatile solids reduction. Although co-digestion with S. platensis improved biosolids dewaterability, Chlorella had a slight negative effect on dewaterability compared to WAS alone. The efficiency of energy conversion from photons to biogas generated from Chlorella was estimated at 1.4%.
Dynamic Analysis of Planetary Gears With Bearing Clearance (2012)

This study investigates the dynamics of planetary gears where nonlinearity is induced by bearing clearance. Lumped-parameter and finite element models with bearing clearance, tooth separation, and gear mesh stiffness variation are developed. The harmonic balance method with arc length continuation is applied to the lumped-parameter model to obtain the dynamic response. Solution stability is analyzed using Floquet theory. Rich nonlinear behavior is exhibited, consisting of nonlinear jumps, a hardening effect induced by the transition from no bearing contact to contact, and softening induced by tooth separation. Bearings of the central members (sun, carrier, and ring) impact against the bearing races near resonances, which leads to coexisting solutions in wide speed ranges, grazing bifurcation, and chaos. Secondary Hopf and period-doubling bifurcations are the routes to chaos. Input torque can suppress some of the nonlinear effects caused by bearing clearance.
Metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 Is Necessary for Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Peptide Degradation (1999)

We have investigated the functional relationship between metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 (MP24.15) and the amyloid precursor protein involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and discovered that the enzyme promotes Abeta degradation. We show here that conditioned medium (CM) of MP24.15 antisense-transfected SKNMC neuroblastoma has significantly higher levels of Abeta. Furthermore, synthetic-Abeta degradation was increased or decreased following incubation with CM of sense or antisense-transfected cells, respectively. Soluble Abeta1-42 was degraded more slowly than soluble Abeta1-40, while aggregated Abeta1-42 showed almost no degradation. Pretreatment of CM with serine proteinase inhibitors 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride and diisopropyl fluorophosphate completely inhibited Abeta degradation. Additionally, alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), a serpin family inhibitor tightly associated with plaques and elevated in AD brain, blocked up to 60% of Abeta degradation. Interestingly, incubation of CM of MP24. 15-overexpressing cells with ACT formed an SDS-resistant ACT complex, suggesting an ACT-serine proteinase interaction. Recombinant MP24. 15 alone did not degrade Abeta. 14C-Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-radiolabeled CM from MP24.15-overexpressing cells contained increased levels of several active serine proteinases, suggesting that MP24.15 activates one or more Abeta-degrading serine proteases. Thus, ACT may cause Abeta accumulation by inhibiting an Abeta-degrading enzyme or by direct binding to Abeta, rendering it degradation-resistant. Identification of the Abeta-degrading enzyme and MP24.15's role in its activation is underway. Pharmacological modulation of either enzyme may provide a means of regulating Abeta in the brain.
Mild Fluid Percussion Injury in Mice Produces Evolving Selective Axonal Pathology and Cognitive Deficits Relevant to Human Brain Injury (2010)

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to 80% of clinical TBI and can result in cognitive impairment and white matter damage that may develop and persist over several years. Clinically relevant models of mild TBI for investigation of neurobiological changes and the development of therapeutic strategies are poorly developed. In this study we investigated the temporal profile of axonal and somal injury that may contribute to cognitive impairments in a mouse model of mild TBI. Neuronal perikaryal damage (hematoxylin and eosin and Fluoro-Jade C), myelin integrity (myelin basic protein and myelin-associated glycoprotein), and axonal damage (amyloid precursor protein), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry at 4 h, 24 h, 72 h, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after mild lateral fluid percussion brain injury (0.9 atm; righting time 167 +/- 15 sec). At 3 weeks post-injury spatial reference learning and memory were tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Levels of damage to neuronal cell bodies were comparable in the brain-injured and sham groups. Myelin integrity was minimally altered following injury. Clear alterations in axonal damage were observed at various time points after injury. Axonal damage was localized to the cingulum at 4 h post-injury. At 4 and 6 weeks post-injury, axonal damage was evident in the external capsule, and was seen at 6 weeks in the dorsal thalamic nuclei. At 3 weeks post-injury, injured mice showed an impaired ability to learn the water maze task, suggesting injury-induced alterations in search strategy learning. The evolving localization of axonal damage points to ongoing degeneration after injury that is concomitant with a deficit in learning.
Generation and suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in single liquid droplets (1989)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) from micrometer-sized single water and methanol droplets was observed with a Brillouin shift that varied within a range determined by the k-vector spread and the optical feedback provided by the droplet interface. The inability to observe SBS in carbon disulfide droplets is attributed to phase-modulation broadening of the input and Brillouin radiation resulting from the large intensity-dependent index of refraction of carbon disulfide.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli:</i> New Genes and New Strains (2001)

Recombinant Escherichia coli has been considered as a strong candidate for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) because it possesses several advantages over other bacteria. However, PHA productivity obtainable by recombinant E. coli harboring the Ralstonia eutropha PHA biosynthesis genes was much lower than that can be obtained by employing Alcaligenes latus. To endow the superior PHA biosynthetic machinery of A. latus to E. coli, the PHA biosynthesis genes of A. latus were cloned and several recombinant E. coli strains harboring the A. latus PHA biosynthesis genes were constructed. In flask culture, recombinant E. coli harboring the A. latus PHA biosynthesis genes produced more poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] than recombinant E. coli harboring the R. eutropha PHA biosynthesis genes. By the pH-stat fed-batch cultures of several recombinant E. coli strains harboring the A. latus PHA biosynthesis genes, much higher cell and P(3HB) concentrations, and productivity could be obtained. When this P(3HB) production employing recombinant E. coli harboring the A. latus PHA biosynthesis genes is coupled with recovery method of simple alkali digestion, the production cost of P(3HB) could be $ 3.32/kg P(3HB).
Intra- and inter-estuary differences in assemblages of fishes associated with shallow seagrass and bare sand (1996)

Differences in the assemblages of fishes associated with the seagrass Zostera capricorni and bare sand were assessed across eight estuaries spanning 300 km of the coast of northern New South Wales, Australia. Assemblages consistently differed between habitats in all estuaries, as species affinities within each habitat were relatively consistent. A greater diversity and abundance of fishes generally occurred over seagrass than over sand. Great variation in the abundances of individual species was evident but there were no consistent geographic (inter-estuary) effects. The abundances of most species varied as much between locations (0.5-2.0 km apart) within each estuary as among estuaries (15-300 km apart). Juveniles of economically important species occurred over seagrass (e.g. Rhabdosargus sarba, Acanthopagrus australis, Girella tricuspidata) and sand (e.g. Sillago ciliata). Before the true value of different nursery habitats to fisheries resources can be identified, the contribution of the juvenile fishes residing in the different nursery habitats to future (exploited) populations needs to be quantified.
Design and Analysis of High Frequency Power Converters for Envelope Tracking Applications (2015)

In the field of power electronics, designers are constantly researching new methods to improve efficiency while optimizing dynamic performance. As communication technologies progress we are more often dealing with systems of increasing speed and complexity. For instance, from 1991 to 2013 we have observed the mobile broadband communication sector evolve from ~230 Kbits/s (2G) speeds to ~100 Mbits/s (4G LTE), a 430% increase in communication speed. In contrast, we have not observed the same\nevolutionary development in industrial power converters. Most switch-mode power supplies are still manufactured for 100 KHz to 800 KHz operating frequencies. The main reason for this is that most electrical devices only require steady-state DC power, so high speed conversion performance is largely unnecessary. But as size expectations for portable electronic devices continue to decrease, the only way to meet future demand is to realize power electronics that operate at much higher switching frequencies. Furthermore there is increasing demand to improve the transient response requirements\nin processor-based systems and achieve practical envelope tracking in RF communication systems. The most straightforward method of increasing the dynamic response for these systems is to increase the switching frequency of the power electronics in a sustainable and coherent manner.
Standard‐geometry chains fitted to X‐ray derived structures: Validation of the rigid‐geometry approximation. I. Chain closure through a limited search of “loop” conformations (1991)

Abstract The Gō–Scheraga algorithm to produce rigid‐geometry chain closures for polypeptide chains (N. Gō and H.A. Scheraga, Macromolecules , 3 , 178, 1970) has been updated to allow each residue in the chain to adopt different bond lengths or bond angles. A treatment of five‐residue local chain deformations is presented in detail. For chain sections shorter than five residues in length, it is shown that satisfactory closures may be obtained by direct fitting, indicating that the rigid‐geometry approximation is adequate to model even short sections of chains having perturbed local geometry. The new implementation of the algorithm has been applied to several problems in protein structure determination and molecular modeling. The first of these is the problem of finding standard‐geometry closures for short regions of chains having irregular geometry. It is shown that standard‐geometry closures which superimpose well upon the coordinates of the irregular structures may be obtained routinely for chain sections that are five amino acid residues or more in length. Another application of the algorithm is to generate a large number of closures for a short segment of a protein chain, as a method to search the conformational space of this segment. The latter application should prove useful in studies in which the conformation of some region of a given protein has not been determined experimentally. Such applications include the modeling of proteins which have a sequence homology to a crystallized protein, and modeling regions of crystallized proteins which are not well‐defined in electron density maps.
Evaluating geo-social influence in location-based social networks (2012)

The emerging location-based social network (LBSN) services not only allow people to maintain cyber links with their friends, but also enable them to share the events happening on them at different locations. The geo-social correlations among event participants make it possible to quantify mutual user influence for various events. Such a quantification of influence could benefit a wide spectrum of real-life applications such as targeted advertising and viral marketing.
Phloretin-like Action of Bioflavonoids on Sugar Accumulation Capability of Isolated Intestinal Cells (1978)

Flavanones and flavones are structural analogues of phloretin. Like phloretin they inhibit the non-Na+-dependent, facilitated diffusion transport system for sugars associated with the lateral serosal boundary of intestinal epithelial cells. The degree of inhibition varies with the extent and position of hydroxylation of the flavonoid nucleus. Flavones are more potent than corresponding flavanones. Tri- and tetrahydroxylated forms are more inhibitory than similar penta- and hexahydroxylated molecules. With one exception, none of the 18 flavonoids tested has secondary effects as metabolic inhibitors, as does phloretin. Inhibition of the passive sugar transport system with flavonoids allows the concentrative Na+-dependent sugar transport system to establish a better concentration gradient than is observed in untreated cells. The degree of gradient enhancement is proportional to the degree of inhibition of the sugar "leak." The flavonoid glycosides, which can be considered as phlorizin analogues, also inhibit the non-Na+-dependent sugar carrier, but less well than corresponding nonglycosylated agents. Only one of the glycosides inhibits the Na+-dependent transport system, and much less potently than phlorizin.
Recent advances in research on neuropathological aspects of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations: neuronal Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions and astrocytic hyaline inclusions. (1999)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily involves the motor neuron system. Of all patients with ALS, approximately 5%-10% of them are familial and most of the others are sporadic. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene mutations are shown to be associated with about 20% of familial ALS (FALS) patients. FALS is neuropathologically classified into two subtypes: classical FALS in which degeneration is restricted to only motor neurons and FALS which is characterized by the degeneration of the posterior column in addition to the lesion of the motor neuron system. The neuronal Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion (LBHI) is a characteristic neuropathological marker of mutant SOD1-linked FALS with posterior column involvement. Inclusions similar to the neuronal LBHIs have been discovered in astrocytes in certain patients with FALS exhibiting SOD1 gene mutations. The purpose of this review is to discuss the novel neuropathological significance of the astrocytic hyaline inclusions (Ast-HIs) and neuronal LBHIs in brain tissues from individuals with the posterior-column-involvement-type FALS with SOD1 gene mutations. In hematoxylin and eosin preparations, both Ast-HIs and neuronal LBHIs are eosinophilic inclusions and sometimes show eosinophilic cores with paler peripheral halos. Immunohistochemically, both inclusions are intensely positive for SOD1. At the ultrastructural level, both inclusions consist of approximately 15-25 nm-sized granule-coated fibrils and granular materials. Immunoelectron microscopically, these abnormal granule-coated fibrils and granular materials are positive for SOD1. Therefore, the FALS disease process originating from SOD1 gene mutations occurs in astrocytes as well as neurons and is involved in the formation of both inclusions.
Effects of Various Drugs on Bladder Function in Conscious Rats (1989)

In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of various intravenous administered drugs, which had been shown to influence bladder function in anesthetized animals, on the cystometrogram in conscious rats placed in a restraining cage. Thiopental, diazepam, baclofen, Clonidine and flavoxate, considered to act on the micturition center in the brain stem, hardly increased bladder capacity (time to micturition in cystometrogram) in conscious rats, but morphine, indomethacin and lidocaine, considered to act on the micturition center in the sacral cord or bladder mechanoreceptors, increased it. In a chronic conscious rat, histopathological findings show that the bladder tissue at 2 days after implantation of the catheter to the bladder showed experimental cystitis characterized by severe edema in the submucosa and an increase in prostaglandin E2 content, which is thought to stimulate directly and/or indirectly the capsaicinsensitive sensory fiber in the afferent branch of the micturition reflex, and there was hyperreflexia characterized by decreases in both bladder capacity and urine volume. In conclusion, cystometrography in conscious rats placed in a restraining cage is thought to be a useful model for evaluating the true effect of a newly developed agent on bladder function.
Direct introduction of a formamido group into the 7.ALPHA.(6.ALPHA.)-position of cephalosporins (pencillins). (1990)

A novel direct introduction of a formamido group into the 7 alpha (6 alpha)-position of cephalosporins (penicillins) was achieved by treatment of 7 beta (6 beta)-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1- ylidene)methylimino]cephem (penam) esters with N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)formamide, followed by deblocking with Girard reagent T to give the corresponding 7 alpha (6 alpha)-formamido-7 beta (6 beta)-amino derivatives. Three 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins were prepared by the conventional N-acylation of 7 alpha-formamidocephem. All of them were resistant to beta-lactamases, showing similar MIC values against both of a pair of a beta-lactamase-producing strain and the corresponding non or low-producing strain of the same species of bacteria, when tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii.
Dynamic Modification of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex by the Nodulus and Uvula (1985)

The time constant of the decay of slow-phase eye velocity of postrotatory nystagmus or optokinetic after-nystagmus is reduced during exposure to a stationary visual surround (visual suppression). It is also reduced after tilting the head (tilt suppression). A "dump" mechanism in the vestibulo-ocular reflex has been proposed to rapidly discharge activity from the central vestibular system during both types of suppression. Monkeys lost this mechanism after lesions of the nodulus and uvula. They also lost the ability to habituate the time constant of nystagmus on repeated exposure to optokinetic and vestibular stimuli. Periodic alternating nystagmus, which is believed to represent an instability in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, was observed in two of three monkeys. These data indicate that the nodulus and uvula play an important role in suppressing, habituating, and stabilizing the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
<i>In Vitro</i> Biocompatibility of a Heat -Sterilized, Low Toxic, and Less Acidic Fluid for Peritoneal Dialysis (1995)

The results demonstrate that it is possible to improve biocompatibility of PD fluids by simply changing the way the fluid is produced.
Axyl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in Morris hepatoma 5123D. (1975)

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Morris hepatoma 5123D is very low, but apparently increases by the administration of 3-methylcholanthrene, as demonstrated in the host liver, small intestine, and lung from the rats bearing this tumor. The peak level of the increased activity in tumor appears 48 hr after the initial administration when the repeated treatment is given intragastrically every 24 hr. 7,8-Benzoflavone increases the enzyme activity in tumor and lung, but not in liver and small intestine. Among the subcellular fractions of the tumor cells, induction of the enzyme by 3-methylcholanthrene was observed in microsomes and nuclei, and the increased level of the activity was higher in microsomes than in nuclei.
Convolutional LSTM Networks for Video-based Person Re-identification (2016)

In this paper, we present an end-to-end approach to simultaneously learn spatio-temporal features and corresponding similarity metric for video-based person re-identification. Given the video sequence of a person, features from each frame that are extracted from all levels of a deep convolutional network can preserve a higher spatial resolution from which we can model finer motion patterns. These low-level visual percepts are leveraged into a variant of recurrent model to characterize the temporal variation between time-steps. Features from all time-steps are then summarized using temporal pooling to produce an overall feature representation for the complete sequence. The deep convolutional network, recurrent layer, and the temporal pooling are jointly trained to extract comparable hidden-unit representations from input pair of time series to compute their corresponding similarity value. The proposed framework combines time series modeling and metric learning to jointly learn relevant features and a good similarity measure between time sequences of person. Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance for video-based person re-identification on iLIDS-VID and PRID 2011, the two primary public datasets for this purpose.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetically responsive albumin microspheres containing <i>cis</i>‐hydroxyproline for scar inhibition (1991)

Magnetically responsive albumin microspheres containing the proline analog, cis-hydroxyproline, were synthesized and their in-vitro physical properties were characterized. These microspheres have an average size of 1.1 +/- 0.3 microns with 94% of the microspheres less than 2.0 microns. They are uniformly spherical and contain 67% albumin, 22% magnetite, and 8% cis-hydroxyproline. The cis-hydroxyproline is releasable during a 72-h period and demonstrates a slow, releasable pool that constitutes approximately 50% of the incorporated drug. cis-Hydroxyproline is neither chemically nor biologically altered during its incorporation into the microsphere. cis-Hydroxyproline release from microspheres results in the in vitro inhibition of collagen secretion, which is indistinguishable from unincorporated cis-hydroxyproline. In a rat-tail animal model these microspheres were selectively targeted using an external magnetic field applied to a 1.5-2.0-cm target site. Fifty to 80% of the infused microspheres were localized to this site, whereas without a magnetic field only 15-20% of the microspheres are localized to this site. cis-Hydroxyproline microspheres resulted in a 16% decrease in collagen content in a scar model when compared with untreated animals (p less than 0.05). With further refinement of this method of drug delivery, clinically useful inhibition of scar formation may result.