gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental determination of scanning probe microscope cantilever spring constants utilizing a nanoindentation apparatus (2000)

A rapid, nondestructive, and accurate method for determining the normal spring constants of scanning probe microscopy cantilevers is presented. Spring constants are determined using a commercial combination atomic force microscope and nanoindentation apparatus configured with a W-indenter tip geometrically configured into either a scanning tunneling microscope pointed tip or chisel shape that may be placed onto the cantilever of interest with high accuracy. A load is applied to the cantilever tip and the corresponding displacement is measured. From the force–displacement curve, the spring constant is determined. For cantilevers with spring constants greater than 1 N/m, the derived spring constants are believed to be accurate to within ±10%, with better accuracy for stiffer levers. This method has been used to measure the stiffness of cantilevers from several manufacturers.
Acidic and basic properties of hydroxylated metal oxide surfaces (1971)

Hydroxyl groups on the surface of metal oxides are amphoteric in character. From experiments with anatase, rutile, η-alumina, α-Fe2O3,CeO2, and SnO2, half the OH groups are acidic in character, the other half are mainly basic and may be exchanged for other anions. This behaviour is explained by the structure of the hydroxylated surface. Acidity and basicity depend on the nature of the oxide. Several reactions are described for the determination of total OH content as well as the quantities of acidic and basic OH groups.
Extrasynaptic GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptors: Form, Pharmacology, and Function (2009)

GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition, termed "tonic" inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABA(A) receptors underlie classical "phasic" GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This mini-symposium review highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Flexible Frequency Discrimination Subsystems for Reconfigurable Radio Front Ends (2005)

The required flexibility of the software-defined radio front end may currently be met with better overall performance by employing tunable narrowband circuits rather than pursuing a truly wideband approach. A key component of narrowband transceivers is appropriate filtering to reduce spurious spectral content in the transmitter and limit out-of-band interference in the receiver. In this paper, recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective, circuit components applicable to reconfigurable SDR front ends are reviewed. The paper contains discussion regarding the filtering requirements in the SDR context and the use of intelligent, adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination. Wide tuning-range frequency-selective circuit elements are surveyed including bandpass and bandstop filters and narrowband tunable antennas. The suitability of these elements to the mobile wireless SDR environment is discussed.
Journalists, Trespass, and Officials: Closing the Door on Florida Publishing Co. v. Fletcher (1989)

REVIEWpany officials into private places.One California television producer said he entered private residences with authorities "ten to fifteen times" to acquire film footage for a single documentary on paramedics
Robust quadrilateral detection method for using rectangle feature (2017)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to detect a quadrilateral on image in order to use a rectangle as a high-level feature. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is verified through comparison with existing quadrilateral detection algorithm.
Analysis of periodically switched linear circuits (1977)

A new approach, to the exact analysis of linear circuits containing periodically operated switches is presented. After reformulation of the state equations conventional Fourier analysis is used to determine the response to arbitrary deterministic or stochastic inputs. The analysis is applicable also to improper circuits and circuits causing discontinuities in the state variables at the switching instants. The switches may operate in an arbitrary fashion with a common switching period. Explicit closed form solutions for both the (Fourier coefficients of the) periodically time-varying transfer function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\hat{H}(f, t)</tex> and the impulse response <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h(t,\tau)</tex> are derived. These results are most suitable for computer aided design. Applications to switched filters and modulators are given.
Advances in Chemical Rejuvenation of Submarine Cables (2007)

Submarine cables spanning two or more kilometers have proven challenging to apply conventional rejuvenation technology. Novel approaches, which include new installation methods and new materials to extend the life of submarine power cables, are described. Theory, experiments, and field results demonstrate that these new approaches address the shortcomings of the earlier technology. The technology described can be tailored to provide: (1) more rapid short-term reliability, (2) longer rejuvenated cable life, (3) an inherently safer installation, (4) a tailored formulation paradigm which adjusts the chemistry to account for significant operational variables, and (5) a process which can address any length of cable.
The combination of intravenous Reolysin and gemcitabine induces reovirus replication and endoplasmic reticular stress in a patient with KRAS-activated pancreatic cancer (2015)

This is the first report of reoviral protein detection in primary tumor biopsies taken from a pancreatic cancer patient receiving intravenous Reolysin therapy. The accumulation of reoviral protein was associated with ER stress induction and caspase-3 processing suggesting that Reolysin and gemcitabine treatment exhibited direct pro-apoptotic activity against the tumor.
A Pinacol Rearrangement/Oxidation Synthetic Route to Hydroxyphenstatin<sup>1</sup> (2000)

In an attempt to develop biologically active compounds from the inactive trans isomer (3a) of stilbene 1a, after asymmetric dihydroxylation to optically pure (R,R)-diol 8 the unexpected racemic diphenylacetaldehyde (9) was generated via a Pinacol rearrangement. Several derivatives of diphenylacetaldehyde 9 were synthesized (11-15) and reported. Further reaction of aldehyde 9 during desilylation through autoxidative decarbonylation afforded benzophenone 2b, designated hydroxyphenstatin, a potent antitumor and antimitotic agent. Hydroxyphenstatin showed potent inhibition of the tubulin assembly (IC(50) 0.82 microM) and exhibited an ED(50) of 2.5 microg/mL against the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line.
Efficient temporal join processing using time index (2002)

Time is an attribute of all real-world phenomena and many real-world database applications naturally involve time-varying information. As in traditional databases, joins are the most important and costly operators in temporal databases. Hence, efficient processing strategies for temporal joins are needed. The Entity Join operation is used to group temporal attributes of an entity into a single relation, and is important because those temporal attributes are likely to reside in separate relations due to normalization. In this paper, we propose an efficient Entity-join algorithm for both non-ordered and append-only temporal databases. The proposed approach can be applied to other temporal join operations, such as valid-time equijoin.
<i>N</i>-methyl-<scp>d</scp>-aspartate receptor coagonist<scp>d</scp>-serine suppresses intake of high-preference food (2015)

d-Serine is abundant in the forebrain and physiologically important for modulating excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission as a coagonist of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. NMDA signaling has been implicated in the control of food intake. However, the role of d-serine on appetite regulation is unknown. To clarify the effects of d-serine on appetite, we investigated the effect of oral d-serine ingestion on food intake in three different feeding paradigms (one-food access, two-food choice, and refeeding after 24-h fasting) using three different strains of male mice (C57Bl/6J, BKS, and ICR). The effect of d-serine was also tested in leptin signaling-deficient db/db mice and sensory-deafferented (capsaicin-treated) mice. The expression of orexigenic neuropeptides [neuropeptide Y (Npy) and agouti-related protein (Agrp)] in the hypothalamus was compared in fast/refed experiments. Conditioned taste aversion for high-fat diet (HFD) was tested in the d-serine-treated mice. Under the one-food-access paradigm, some of the d-serine-treated mice showed starvation, but not when fed normal chow. HFD feeding with d-serine ingestion did not cause aversion. Under the two-food-choice paradigm, d-serine suppressed the intake of high-preference food but not normal chow. d-Serine also effectively suppressed HFD intake but not normal chow in db/db mice and sensory-deafferented mice. In addition, d-serine suppressed normal chow intake after 24-h fasting despite higher orexigenic gene expression in the hypothalamus. d-Serine failed to suppress HFD intake in the presence of L-701,324, the selective and full antagonist at the glycine-binding site of the NMDA receptor. Therefore, d-serine suppresses the intake of high-preference food through coagonism toward NMDA receptors.
Digital micromirror array for projection TV (1994)

A reflective, spatial, light modulator composed of an array of rotatable aluminum mirrors has shown promise as an alternative to LCD technology for standard and high-definition projection television (PTV) systems. Results demonstrate that the modulator, called a digital micromirror device (DMD), offers performance equal to or better than a cathode ray tube. Fundamentally, the DMD is an advanced micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) that utilizes a mature address circuit technology. It offers potential as a display device (Fig. 1) that can be manufactured with high yield at marketable cost [1][2].
Bio-inspired mechanisms for inclined locomotion in a legged insect-scale robot (2014)

Legged locomotion is an open problem in robotics, particularly for non-level surfaces. With decreasing robot size, different issues for climbing mechanisms and their attachment and detachment appear due to the physics of scaling. This paper describes micro-scale phenomena for different adhesion methods that can be employed in microrobots. These adhesion methods are applied to a sub-2 gram legged robot, the Harvard Ambulatory MicroRobot (HAMR), by leveraging recent advances in milli- and micrometer-scale manufacturing. The presented designs utilize different passively oriented adhesives on the legs of the robot to improve inclined locomotion performance. A 3DoF ankle joint is designed and implemented and the effects of a passive tail are studied. As a result, HAMR's climbing capability is increased from 3° inclines to 22° inclines and 45° declines. Finally, an analytical model of leg and foot force generation is presented and compared with experimental force data from the attachment mechanism on a single-leg experimental setup.
Multiphoton molecular dissociation in intense laser fields (1976)

In this paper we advance a model for multiphoton photofragmentation of an ’’isolated,’’ collision-free, polyatomic molecule on the ground state potential surface. The molecular energy levels are separated into three regions. In the low energy range the level structure is sparse and only dynamic Stark shifts will be exhibited. In the intermediate energy range the density of bound vibrational states is high and the level structure can be described in terms of mixed (zero-order) states. We argue that in this energy range intrastate anharmonic scrambling may be of central importance in the excitation process, but that intrastate vibrational relaxation and energy redistribution is not encountered for medium-sized molecules. In the high energy region dissociative channels open up and reactive intramolecular decay is handled in terms of resonance theory. The time evolution of a multilevel system, whose highest energy levels are metastable, and which is driven by an intense laser field, is handled by the effective Hamiltonian formalism. Explicit expressions are derived for the photofragmentation yields and their dependence on the molecular parameters and on the field parameters. Specific applications to two distinct model systems are presented. First, we treat the quasidiatomic model, which disregards level scrambling in the intermediate energy range, whereupon near-resonant radiative coupling prevails between the states of a truncated anharmonic oscillator. Second, we have considered the two-ladder model where in the low energy range near-resonant radiative coupling occurs within an anharmonic ladder, while in the intermediate energy range resonant radiative coupling between mixed states prevails. We present numerical simulations of the photofragmentation yields and their dependence on the molecular parameters, such as the diagonal anharmonicity, the molecular dissociation energy, the predissociative widths, and the isotopic shift. We have also explored the dependence of the photofragmentation yields on the pulse parameters, such as the off-resonance energy, the field intensity, and the pulse duration. The quasidiatomic model seems to overestimate the power onset for photodissociation and the power required for the onset of saturation effects, while the two-ladder model is quite adequate to account for the gross features of coherent multiphoton molecular photofragmentation.
Solubilization of functional and stable follitropin receptors from light membranes of bovine calf testis. (1986)

Rapid destabilization of FSH receptor after solubilization by detergents is a serious problem complicating its purification and further study. We have developed a procedure for the solubilization of stable and functional FSH receptors with Triton X-100. The new protocol selectively utilizes pure lighter membranes isolated from bovine calf testes by preparative sucrose density gradient centrifugation as the source of receptor. The conditions of detergent solubilization were optimized to reduce the required ratio of Triton X-100 to membrane protein to a minimum. In addition, during detergent extraction the membranes were treated with petroleum ether to remove interfering neutral lipids, thus facilitating solubilization of FSH receptors by the detergent. FSH receptors so obtained appeared to be soluble by criteria such as failure to sediment at 145,000 X g after 90 min, passage through 0.22-micron Millipore filters, and retardation upon chromatography on Sepharose 6B column. Approximately 86% of receptors originally present in the light membranes were recovered after solubilization, with a 24-fold increase in specific activity. The detergent-soluble fraction has several interesting properties not previously reported. It contains only high affinity receptors for FSH (Ka = 1.02 X 10(10) M-1), which are stable in the absence of glycerol for 4 days at 1 degree C or 6 months at -80 degrees C. Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin receptor activity usually associated with detergent-solubilized extracts of testes is low due to incomplete solubility of these receptors under the conditions utilized for solubilization of FSH receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of the receptor in the detergent extract to respond to added FSH with stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Adenylate cyclase activity also responds to F- stimulation and the detergent extract retains full guanosine 5'-imidotriphosphate-binding activity. This suggests that under the extraction conditions employed, a high proportion of soluble receptors are associated with related components of the adenylate cyclase system. Our data are consistent with the notion that the solubilized hormone-binding sites represent the physiologically relevant and functional receptors originally present in the light membrane fraction of calf testis. The availability of this detergent-soluble, stable and functional receptor fraction in larger amounts (2.2 g of protein from each batch of 11.5 kg bovine calf testes) than heretofore possible should facilitate further studies on FSH receptor purification and its mechanism of action.
EFFECT OF ION-ENERGY ON THE PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS <font>GaN</font> FILMS PRODUCED BY ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION (2001)

Amorphous GaN films were deposited on various substrates viz. Si (100), quartz, glass, Al, stainless steel and glassy carbon by thermal evaporation of gallium in the presence of energetic nitrogen ions from a Kaufman source. The films were deposited at room temperature and 5 × 10 -4 mbar nitrogen partial pressure. The effect of a low energy nitrogen ion beam during the synthesis of films was investigated for energies 40 eV and 90 eV. The N:Ga atomic ratio, bonding state, microstructure, surface morphology, and electrical properties of the deposited a-GaN films were studied by different characterisation techniques. The films are found to be X-ray amorphous in nature, which is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) indicate the N:Ga atomic ratio in the films. The 400-750 eV energy range is thought to be optimal for the production of single-phase amorphous GaN . The effect of ion-energy on optical, Raman, and electrical conductivity measurements of the films is also presented.
Abnormal profile of serum proteinase inhibitors in cancer patients. (1984)

We reported previously that an antitryptic glycoprotein, EDC1 (Mr 27,500), which is immunologically related to the normal serum proteinase inhibitor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IATI), is excreted in large quantities in the urine of metastatic cancer patients. We have now measured immunoreactive titers of urinary EDC1 and five serum proteinase inhibitors (including IATI) in 16 patients with hematological cancers, 9 patients with various solid tumors, and 32 healthy subjects. The mean urinary EDC1 levels were 22-fold greater in all cancer patients as compared to normals [187.0 +/- 136.6 (S.D.) versus 8.4 +/- 8.2 mg/g creatinine; p less than 0.001]. In the cancer group, serum levels of immunoreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (also called alpha 1-antitrypsin), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and C1 inactivator averaged 152, 237, and 165% of the normal values, respectively (p less than 0.01). Immunoreactive alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were unchanged, and immunoreactive IATI levels were depressed (75% of the normals; p less than 0.01). The lower levels of IATI and elevated levels of EDC1 are consistent with the latter being derived from the former. In spite of the increased immunoreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor level, the serum antitryptic capacity of the cancer group averaged only 50% of the normal group (p less than 0.01; range, 5 to 110% of normal average). This suggests that about 70% of the serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the cancer group is functionally inert.
Aerodynamic Force Modeling for Unsteady Wing Maneuvers (2014)

Abstract : We report on the development of an aerodynamic force model for a at-plate wing undergoing unsteady motions of surging, pitching, and the combination thereof in two- dimensional ow. This investigation aims to extend the conventional quasi-steady aero- dynamic theory to account for the influence of large-scale vortices generated from the massively separated ow at high angles of attack. A data set compiled from direct numerical simulation is used to develop the force model. Particular focus is placed on examining the influence of large-amplitude wing motion on the unsteady aerodynamics force. This is especially important since the resulting circulatory component of force is significant in size and is nonlinearly related to the ow field causing deviation from conventional aerodynamic theories. The present force model is constructed to predict the aerodynamic force on the body for the duration of the wing motion.
Hot-carrier-induced degradation in ultra-thin, fully-depleted, deep-submicron nMOS and pMOS SOI transistors (1994)

The hot-carrier-injected oxide region is systematically investigated for fully depleted surface-channel (SC) nMOS and SC- and buried-channel pMOSFETs fabricated on an ultra-thin (50 nm)-film SIMOX wafer. NMOSFET degradation is shown to be caused mainly by hot-carriers injected into the drain side of the front oxide and pMOSFET degradation by hot-electrons injected into the drain side of both the back oxide and the front oxide. It is shown experimentally for the first-time that these fully depleted devices with effective channel lengths of 0.1-0.2 /spl mu/m have fairly high hot-carrier immunity, even for single-drain structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Universal serial bus enhances virtual instrument based distributed power monitoring (2002)

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) links a distributed multi-circuit power monitoring system to its virtual instrument (VI) host computer. The distributed interconnection provides enhanced system performance at reduced cost, since the USB host controller is a standard function of up-to-date personal computers (PCs) and low-cost high-performance USB hardware is readily available. The 12 Mbps, recently updated to 480 Mbps, transfer rate of USB improves data transmission capability and boosts the real-time performance of the whole VI monitoring system when compared with conventional serial communications. In addition, the USB dynamic attachment and removal feature allows each meter to be connected or disconnected from its VI host computer without any system interruption. However, the complete VI solutions are not currently supported by any USB hosts and devices. This paper presents an innovative USB VI strategy to implement integrated power monitoring applications and shows its superior performance.