gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Bilayer Membrane with Atomic Step Structure: Supported Bilayer on a Step-and-Terrace TiO<sub>2</sub>(100) Surface (2008)

The formation of a supported planar lipid bilayer (SPLB) and its morphology on step-and-terrace rutile TiO 2(100) surfaces were investigated by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The TiO 2(100) surfaces consisting of atomic steps and flat terraces were formed on a rutile TiO 2 single-crystal wafer by a wet treatment and annealing under a flow of oxygen. An intact vesicular layer formed on the TiO 2(100) surface when the surface was incubated in a sonicated vesicle suspension under the condition that a full-coverage SPLB forms on SiO 2, as reported in previous studies. However, a full-coverage, continuous, fluid SPLB was obtained on the step-and-terrace TiO 2(100) depending on the lipid concentration, incubation time, and vesicle size. The SPLB on the TiO 2(100) also has step-and-terrace morphology following the substrate structure precisely even though the SPLB is in the fluid phase and an approximately 1-nm-thick water layer exists between the SPLB and the substrate. This membrane distortion on the atomic scale affects the phase-separation structure of a binary bilayer of micrometer order. The interaction energy calculated including DLVO and non-DLVO factors shows that a lipid membrane on the TiO 2(100) gains 20 times more energy than on SiO 2. This specifically strong attraction on TiO 2 makes the fluid SPLB precisely follow the substrate structure of angstrom order.
Separation of C<sub>5</sub>-Hydrocarbons on Microporous Materials: Complementary Performance of MOFs and Zeolites (2010)

This work studies the liquid-phase separation of the aliphatic C(5)-diolefins, mono-olefins, and paraffins, a typical feed produced by a steam cracker, with a focus on the seldomly studied separation of the C(5)-diolefin isomers isoprene, trans-piperylene, and cis-piperylene. Three adsorbents are compared: the metal-organic framework MIL-96, which is an aluminum 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, and two zeolites with CHA and LTA topology. All three materials have spacious cages that are accessible via narrow cage windows with a diameter of less than 0.5 nm. The mechanisms determining adsorption selectivities on the various materials are investigated. Within the diolefin fraction, MIL-96 and chabazite preferentially adsorb trans-piperylene from a mixture containing all three C(5)-diolefin isomers with high separation factors and a higher capacity compared to the reference zeolite 5A due to a more efficient packing of the trans isomer in the pores. Additionally, chabazite is able to separate cis-piperylene and isoprene based on size exclusion of the branched isomer. This makes chabazite suitable for separating all three diolefin isomers. Its use in separating linear from branched mono-olefins and paraffins is addressed as well. Furthermore, MIL-96 is the only material capable of separating all three diolefin isomers from C(5)-mono-olefins and paraffins. Finally, the MOF [Cu(3)(BTC)(2)] (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) is shown to be able to separate C(5)-olefins from paraffins. On the basis of these observations, a flow scheme can be devised in which the C(5)-fraction can be completely separated using a combination of MOFs and zeolites.
Structure and metrology for an analog testability bus (2002)

This paper gives a proposal for an analog testability bus that could be used as the basis for a standard such as IEEE P1149.4. The proposed testability structure is imposed on the I/O pin cells of the analog and mixed technology ICs. It is a superset of the existing IEEE/ANSI 1149.1 testability standard for digital ICs and is intended to cooperate with it. This allows for the testing of interconnect failures such as shorts and opens, the testing of discrete analog components and networks between ICs, and supports the testing of analog functions within the ICs themselves. This paper is a companion to the result of a cooperative effort between AT&T, Ford Motor, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola and the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of generic testing strategies for mixed-signal integrated circuits (1992)

The paper describes work at the Polytechnic of Huddersfield on SERC/DTI research project IED 2/1/2121 conducted in collaboration with GEC-Plessey Semiconductors, Wolfson Microelectronics, and UMIST. The aim of the work is to develop generic testing strategies for mixed-signal (mixed analogue and digital) integrated circuits. The paper proposes a test structure for mixed-signal ICs, and details the development of a test technique and fault model for the analogue circuit cells encountered in these devices. Results obtained during the evaluation of this technique in simulation are presented, and the ECAD facilities that have contributed to this and other such projects are described.
Chemotherapy-elicited upregulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma (2013)

Malignant cells constitutively express Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) or DNAX Accessory Molecule-1 (DNAM-1) ligands, yet they are often unable to trigger a robust cytotoxic cell response. It may be therapeutically useful to implement strategies aimed at increasing the density of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands on the surface of cancer cells, endowing them with the capacity to activate potent antitumor natural killer-cell responses.
Fabrication and characterization of Si-MOSFET's with PECVD amorphous Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> gate insulator (1997)

Silicon MOS transistors having amorphous Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ insulator gates have been fabricated. The Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ films were deposited using a low pressure (a few mtorr) plasma-enhanced CVD process in a microwave (2.45 GHz) excited electron cyclotron resonance reactor. The source gas was TaF/sub 5/. Electrical characteristics of p-channel Al gate transistors are presented.
Molten Salt Synthesis and Characterization of Potassium Polytitanate Ceramic Precursors with Varied TiO <sub>2</sub> /K <sub>2</sub> O Molar Ratios (2008)

Semi‐crystalline potassium titanates, useful as precursors to produce composite materials and coatings, were synthesized by thermal treatment of powdered TiO 2 in molten mixtures of KNO 3 and KOH at 450°–550°C. The products obtained had similar structures of laminar crystals, aggregated in particles of about 3 μm of n =TiO 2 /K 2 O molar ratio in the range 2.8–6.0. The value of n could be regulated by the temperature of synthesis, the weight ratio of [KOH]/[KNO 3 ] in the molten salt mixture, and the number of water washing operations. The reduction of the TiO 2 /K 2 O molar ratio increased the contents of H 2 O in the composition of potassium polytitanate, from 5.3 to 11.4 and from 0.2 to 8.6 (wt%) in the adsorbed and structural forms. The thermal treatment of the potassium polytitanate precursors obtained resulted in dehydration and chemical interaction with unreacted TiO 2 at 500°–750°C, amorphization at 750°–850°C, crystallization of K 2 Ti 4 O 9 (in some cases K 3 Ti 8 O 17 ) at 850°–1090°C, and crystallization of K 2 Ti 6 O 13 at temperatures >1090°C. The mechanisms of the structural transformation and phase evolution were considered as a function of the TiO 2 /K 2 O molar ratio in the potassium polytitanate.
Sequence-Modified Antibiotic Resistance Genes Provide Sustained Plasmid-Mediated Transgene Expression in Mammals (2017)

Conventional plasmid vectors are incapable of achieving sustained levels of transgene expression in vivo even in quiescent mammalian tissues because the transgene expression cassette is silenced. Transcriptional silencing results from the presence of the bacterial plasmid backbone or virtually any DNA sequence of >1 kb in length placed outside of the expression cassette. Here, we show that transcriptional silencing can be substantially forestalled by increasing the An/Tn sequence composition in the plasmid bacterial backbone. Increasing numbers of An/Tn sequences increased sustained transcription of both backbone sequences and adjacent expression cassettes. In order to recapitulate these expression profiles in compact and portable plasmid DNA backbones, we engineered the standard kanamycin or ampicillin antibiotic resistance genes, optimizing the number of An/Tn sequence without altering the encoded amino acids. The resulting vector backbones yield sustained transgene expression from mouse liver, providing generic DNA vectors capable of sustained transgene expression without additional genes or mammalian regulatory elements.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging with an ultrashort echo time (2013)

The UTE-based fMRI technique can detect the neuronal activity corresponding to neuronal function. The UTE-based method should be able to improve spatial localization and has much lower sensitivity to field inhomogeneities. Therefore, UTE-based fMRI can be useful to the neurosciences and clinical populations.
CENP‐F expression is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal instability in patients with primary breast cancer (2007)

Abstract DNA microarrays have the potential to classify tumors according to their transcriptome. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) facilitate the validation of biomarkers by offering a high‐throughput approach to sample analysis. We reanalyzed a high profile breast cancer DNA microarray dataset containing 96 tumor samples using a powerful statistical approach, between group analyses. Among the genes we identified was centromere protein‐F ( CENP‐F ), a gene associated with poor prognosis. In a published follow‐up breast cancer DNA microarray study, comprising 295 tumour samples, we found that CENP‐F upregulation was significantly associated with worse overall survival ( p < 0.001) and reduced metastasis‐free survival ( p < 0.001). To validate and expand upon these findings, we used 2 independent breast cancer patient cohorts represented on TMAs. CENP‐F protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 91 primary breast cancer samples from cohort I and 289 samples from cohort II. CENP‐F correlated with markers of aggressive tumor behavior including ER negativity and high tumor grade. In cohort I, CENP‐F was significantly associated with markers of CIN including cyclin E, increased telomerase activity, c‐Myc amplification and aneuploidy. In cohort II, CENP‐F correlated with VEGFR2, phosphorylated Ets‐2 and Ki67, and in multivariate analysis, was an independent predictor of worse breast cancer‐specific survival ( p = 0.036) and overall survival ( p = 0.040). In conclusion, we identified CENP‐F as a biomarker associated with poor outcome in breast cancer and showed several novel associations of biological significance. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison between BSA, PASI, PLASI and SAPASI as measures of disease severity and improvement by therapy in patients with psoriasis (2008)

Comparing the slopes and intercepts of the regression lines revealed PLASI as the most reliable measure for the severity and therapeutic improvement in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. PLASI proved to be a marginally more accurate than PASI, and much more accurate than SAPASI and BSA. The superiority of PLASI may be a result of the logarithmic scale of the affected skin surface.
Gamma-actin: unusual mRNA 3'-untranslated sequence conservation and amino acid substitutions that may be cancer related. (1987)

beta-Actin mutations in chemically transformed human cell lines have been associated with tumorigenicity, an association consistent with other evidence suggesting that altered cytoskeletal proteins may have an important role in cancer initiation or progression. From a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, we have isolated a gamma-actin cDNA clone with amino acid substitutions in a region highly conserved in the many actins analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a variant gamma-actin in a human neoplasm. A separate finding from the analysis of this clone is that the gamma-actin 3'-untranslated region is among the most highly conserved of all 3'-untranslated sequences so far reported, but is entirely different from the beta-actin 3'-untranslated region. The high degree of evolutionary conservation suggests that the 3'-untranslated regions of these two mRNAs have important and distinct functional roles that were already fully differentiated more than 100 million years ago. Mutations affecting four major cytoskeletal components have now been identified in human neoplastic cells. These findings suggest that mutated cytoskeletal genes may be members of a class of oncogenes, fundamentally different from both the nuclear-acting (e.g., myc and simian virus 40 large tumor antigen) and growth factor/receptor/protein kinase-related (e.g., sis, erbB, and ras) types of oncogenes.
Asimetría y conceptos psicológicos (2014)

En este artículo defiendo dos tesis: (1) que la asimetría entre primera persona y tercera persona puede ser explicada apelando a las características gramaticales de los conceptos psicológicos implicados y (2) que, dada la heterogeneidad de los conceptos psicológicos involucrados, es natural pensar que no lograremos formular una explicación unificada de la asimetría. Para ello, en § II presento los conceptos psicológicos y muestro cuán heterogéneos son. Luego, en § III, exploro los límites de la explicación expresivista, y en § IV examino el caso de las actitudes proposicionales. La conclusión (§ V) es un alegato a favor del pluralismo.
A Phase-Field Model of Dendrite Growth of Electrodeposited Zinc (2019)

Zinc possesses good electrochemical reversibility, high energy density, easy availability and low cost, which is widely used in secondary batteries. However, the problem of dendrite growth remains unresolved in the process of zinc regeneration, severely influencing cycle life of zinc base batteries. It is of great importance for inhibition of dendritic morphology to explore the mechanism of dendrite growth at the electrode surface. Here we present a phase-field model of shape change of electrodeposited zinc, simulating morphological behavior of the liquid-solid interface and investigating effects of activation overpotential, ion concentration, electrolyte conductivity and ion diffusivity and anisotropy of interfacial energy on dendrite growth of electrodeposited zinc. The results demonstrate that dendrite growth is mainly related to uneven distribution of ions from electrochemical reaction, and the dendritic morphology can be effectively controlled by means of increase of zinc oxide concentration, electrolyte conductivity and ion diffusivity. These findings can be applicable to metal electrodeposition and zinc base batteries.
Monitoring Crack Initiation in Metallic Components through Acoustic Emission (2005)

Acoustic Emission has been finding increasing application f or monitoring of aging infrastructures. The materials undergo degradation mechanism during long service exposure. High stresses result in microscopic movement of grains generating voids. These voids further grow under dynamic conditions resulting in cavity formation accompanied by release of s train energy. This energy is picked up by A.E. sensors for analysis. Experiments have been carried out on different steel grades normally used in thermal power plant boilers. Pre-notched samples have bee n subjected to gradual loading. The material initially undergoes elastic deformation with the moveme nt of dislocation upto certain level and thereafter turns to plastic range. A sudden burst of energy is released which the sensors signifying the crack initiation process pick up. The release of energy co ntinues with the load in parabolic fashion. The samples with varying notch sizes were studied. An interest ing conclusion is drawn based on the experiments carried out. The initial energy release is foun d to be same irrespective of the initial notch size or the loading pattern. The experiments were repeat ed with different materials and the results were found to be the same. This would lead to believe that the initial energy release is a material property. Since the energy release pattern is fixed for a materia l for crack initiation process, this could lead to monitoring the healthiness of components through on line A .E. monitoring.
Spin-Orbit Coupled Fermi Gases across a Feshbach Resonance (2011)

In this Letter we study both ground state properties and the superfluid transition temperature of a spin-1/2 Fermi gas across a Feshbach resonance with a synthetic spin-orbit coupling, using the mean-field theory and the exact solution of two-body problem. We show that a strong spin-orbit coupling can significantly enhance the pairing gap for negative scattering length a(s), due to increased density of state at Fermi surface. Strong spin-orbit coupling can also significantly enhance the superfluid transition temperature Tc to a sizable fraction of Fermi temperature when a(s) ≤ 0, while it suppresses Tc slightly for positive a(s). The interaction energy and pair size at resonance are also discussed.
{DOTA-bis(amide)}lanthanide Complexes: NMR Evidence for Differences in Water-Molecule Exchange Rates for Coordination Isomers (2001)

Two derivatives of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane with trans-acetate and trans-amide side-chain ligating groups have been prepared and their complexes with lanthanide cations examined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. These lanthanide complexes exist in aqueous solution as a mixture of slowly interconverting coordination isomers with 1H chemical shifts similar to those reported previously for the major (M) and minor (m) forms of the tetraacetate ([Ln(dota)]−) and tetraamide ([Ln(dtma)]3+) complexes. As in the [Ln(dota)]− and [Ln(dtma)]3+ complexes, the m/M ratio proved to be a sensitive function of lanthanide size and temperature. An analysis of 1H hyperfine shifts in spectra of the Yb3+ complexes revealed significant differences between the axial (D1) and non-axial (D2) components of the magnetic susceptibility tensor anisotropy in the m and M coordination isomers and the energetics of ring inversion and m⇔︁M isomerization as determined by two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (EXSY). 17O shift data for the Dy3+ complexes showed that both have one inner-sphere water molecule. A temperature-dependent 17O NMR study of bulk water linewidths for solutions of the Gd3+ complexes provided direct evidence for differences in water exchange rates for the two coordination isomers. The bound-water lifetimes (τ) in the M and m isomers of the Gd3+ complexes ranged from 1.4–2.4 μs and 3–14 ns, respectively. This indicates that 1) the inner-sphere water lifetimes for the complexes with a single positive charge reported here are considerably shorter for both coordination isomers than the corresponding values for the [Gd(dtma)]3+ complex with three positive charges, and 2) the difference in water lifetimes for M and m isomers in these two series is magnified in the [Gd{dota-bis(amide)}] complexes. This feature highlights the remarkable role of both charge and molecular geometry in determining the exchange rate of the coordinated water.
GeoZui3D: data fusion for interpreting oceanographic data (2002)

GeoZui3D stands for geographic zooming user interface. It is a new visualization software system designed for interpreting multiple sources of 3D data. The system supports gridded terrain models, triangular meshes, curtain plots, and a number of other display objects. A novel center of workspace interaction method unifies a number of aspects of the interface. It creates a simple viewpoint control method, it helps link multiple views, and is ideal for stereoscopic viewing. GeoZui3D has a number of features to support real-time input. Through a CORBA interface external entities can influence the position and state of objects in the display. Extra windows can be attached to moving objects allowing for their position and data to be monitored. We describe the application of this system for heterogeneous data fusion, for multibeam QC and for ROV/AUV monitoring.
vPerfGuard (2013)

Many business customers hesitate to move all their applications to the cloud due to performance concerns. White-box diagnosis relies on human expert experience or performance troubleshooting "cookbooks" to find potential performance bottlenecks. Despite wide adoption, the scalability and adaptivity of such approaches remain severely constrained, especially in a highly-dynamic, consolidated cloud environment. Leveraging the rich telemetry collected from applications and systems in the cloud, and the power of statistical learning, vPerfGuard complements the existing approaches with a model-driven framework by: (1) automatically identifying system metrics that are most predictive of application performance, and (2) adaptively detecting changes in the performance and potential shifts in the predictive metrics that may accompany such a change. Although correlation does not imply causation, the predictive system metrics point to potential causes that can guide a cloud service provider to zero in on the root cause.
Assessment of Charge-Air Cooler Health in Diesel Engines Using Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of Intake Manifold Temperature (2009)

Degradation in the cooling effectiveness of a charge-air cooler (CAC) in a medium-duty turbocharged diesel engine has significant impact on engine performance. This degradation lowers the boost pressure and raises the intake manifold temperature. As a result, the engine provides lower horsepower and higher hydrocarbon levels than the rated values. The objective of this research is to monitor the health of the charge-air cooler by analyzing the intake manifold temperature signal. Experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB series turbocharged diesel engine, a 6-cylinder inline configuration with a 5.9 l displacement volume. Air flowing over the cooler was blocked by varying amounts, while various engine temperatures and pressures were monitored at different torque-speed conditions. Similarly, data were acquired without the introduction of any fault in the engine. For the construction of the manifold temperature trajectory vector, average mutual information estimates and a global false nearest neighbor analysis were used to find the optimal time parameter and embedding dimensions, respectively. The prediction of the healthy temperature vector was done by local linear regression using torque, speed, and their interaction as exogenous variables. Analysis of residuals generated by comparing the predicted healthy temperature vector and the observed temperature vector was successful in detecting the degradation of the charge-air cooler. This degradation was quantified by using box plots and probability density functions of residuals generated by comparing intake manifold temperature of healthy and faulty charge-air coolers. The general applicability of the model was demonstrated by successfully diagnosing a fault in the exhaust gas recirculation cooler of a different engine.