gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An H.323 Gatekeeper Prototype: Design, Implementation, and Performance Analysis (2004)

In recent years, Internet telephony or voice-over IP is attracting an increasing amount of attention for the reason that it has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of long-distance voice communication. To provide the interoperability between different manufacturers and vendors, ITU-T is actively drawing up the standard for the Internet telephony as ITU-T Recommendation H.323. While H.323 is continuously revised, there are, however, still many important issues needed to be further discussed. In particular, the bandwidth management, address translation, and intelligent call signaling/routing, which are the major functions of an H.323 gatekeeper, have not yet been fully addressed. In view of this, we develop in this paper an H.323 gatekeeper prototype which fully complies with the H.323 recommendation, and explicitly illustrate the usefulness of this prototype by devising two improved call-routing methods to deal with the load-balancing problem among the gatekeepers. As a matter of fact, the existing call-routing method used in the current version of the H.323 is very primitive and will cause the loads of the gatekeepers unbalanced. Using the gatekeeper prototype devised, two improved call-routing methods are proposed based on Multiple-Registration with Multicasted Location Request (MRML) and Multiple-Registration with Hierarchical Database (MRHD). To evaluate the performance improvement by these two load-balancing methods, we design an event-driven simulator and conduct some experiments on it. We focus on two performance metrics, call-blocking rate and channel utilization , which are both sensitive to the load distribution. The experimental results show that the call-blocking ratio and channel utilization are optimized with the proposed load-balancing methods. It is also observed from our empirical results that the call-blocking ratio is more sensitive to the traffic load whereas the channel utilization is more sensitive to the duration of a call.
Regio- and Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Ketones through Allyl Enol Carbonates (2005)

The Pd-catalyzed reorganization of enol allyl carbonates to allylated ketones occurs asymmetrically in the presence of chiral ligands previously developed in this group. With 2-methylcyclohexanone, asymmetric regioselective alkylation occurs at the more substituted carbon without complications of polyalkylation. Alkylation to create quaternary centers in indanones and benzonabenone occurs in much higher ee than using tin or lithium enolates. The sense of enantioinduction in tetralones is opposite from the tin and lithium enolate examples. For the first time, asymmetric creation of tertiary centers occurs with high ee (78-99%). The different results between this reaction and the use of lithium or tin enolates suggest different mechanisms may be involved.
Direct Chemisorption Site Selectivity for Molecular Halogens on the Si(111)-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>Surface (1996)

Direct chemisorption site preferences within the Si(111)- $(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ unit cell are examined for ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, C${\mathrm{l}}_{2}$, and B${\mathrm{r}}_{2}$. Abstractive chemisorption, which produces a single chemisorbed halide atom, always prefers center adatom adsorption, indicating that the site with the lowest electron density is the more reactive. Dissociative chemisorption, which produces a pair of chemisorbed halide atoms, shows an extreme preference for the closest neighboring pair of center adatoms. The notion of a stepwise direct chemisorption mechanism is upheld by these results.
Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (2000)

This article reviews data on the prevalence of panic, social phobia, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and research documenting the comorbidity of these disorders with major depression (MDD). These anxiety disorders are frequently comorbid with MDD, and 50-60% of individuals with MDD report a lifetime history of one or more of these anxiety disorders. The anxiety disorders are also highly correlated with one another, and approximately one-quarter to one-half of individuals with each of the anxiety disorders report a lifetime history of an alcohol or substance use disorder. Anxiety disorders rarely exist in isolation, with several studies reporting that over 90% of individuals with anxiety disorders have a lifetime history of other psychiatric problems. Implications for research are discussed, including the potential benefit of using combined categorical and dimensional rating scale approaches in future genetic, biochemical, neuroimaging, and treatment studies. The clinical implications of the findings are also discussed, and the results of recent clinical trials summarized. Available data suggests selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first-line pharmacological treatment for these disorders, and that newer serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors show significant promise, especially for comorbid cases. Comorbidity among depression and anxiety disorders is associated with greater symptom severity, and a considerably higher incidence of suicidality. Increased public awareness about these disorders and the availability of effective treatments is sorely needed.
An empirical study of algorithms for point-feature label placement (1995)

A major factor affecting the clarity of graphical displays that include text labels is the degree to which labels obscure display features (including other labels) as a result of spatial overlap. Point-feature label placement (PFLP) is the problem of placing text labels adjacent to point features on a map or diagram so as to maximize legibility. This problem occurs frequently in the production of many types of informational graphics, though it arises most often in automated cartography. In this paper we present a comprehensive treatment of the PFLP problem, viewed as a type of combinatorial optimization problem. Complexity analysis reveals that the basic PFLP problem and most interesting variants of it are NP-hard. These negative results help inform a survey of previously reported algorithms for PFLP; not surprisingly, all such algorithms either have exponential time complexity or are incomplete. To solve the PFLP problem in practice, then, we must rely on good heuristic methods. We propose two new methods, one based on a discrete form of gradient descent, the other on simulated annealing, and report on a series of empirical tests comparing these and the other known algorithms for the problem. Based on this study, the first to be conducted, we identify the best approaches as a function of available computation time.
Frequency of Binary Toxin Genes among <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Strains That Do Not Produce Large Clostridial Toxins (2003)

Pathogenic strains of Clostridium difficile commonly produce two large clostridial toxins (LCTs), A and B, virulence factors responsible for C. difficile disease. Some strains have been reported to produce an additional toxin, a binary toxin designated CDT. Binary toxin has cytotoxic effects on cells in culture, but its role in human disease is not yet defined. In this study we examined the frequency of binary toxin genes (cdtB and cdtA) among C. difficile isolates that do not produce LCTs (A(-) B(-)) from a large United States-based collection organized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) typing. Of 58 strains tested, 9 (15.5%) were cdtB and cdtA positive, including 4 of 46 (8.7%) non-LCT-producing REA groups, with an estimated prevalence of at least 2% of all non-LCT-producing isolates within the collection. Five of the binary toxin-positive strains belonged to toxinotype XI, which does not produce LCTs but has minor parts of the LCT coding region or pathogenicity locus (PaLoc). We describe two new binary toxin-positive variants, one without any remnant of the LCT genes. This previously unknown variation was found in three isolates that were unrelated by REA typing. LCT-negative, binary toxin-positive strains were isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and from the hospital environment.
In vivo analysis of the pivot shift phenomenon during computer navigated ACL reconstruction (2008)

ACL insufficiency can be documented clinically with the pivot shift maneuver, but the specific pathologic kinematics of the pivot shift is difficult to quantify. Navigation provides an opportunity to analyze in vivo the motions that comprise the pivot shift and the kinematic changes that are inherent after ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized that tibial rotation, anterior tibial translation (ATT), acceleration of posterior translation (APT) and the newly described angle of P, quantified during navigated pivot shift examination, correlate with clinical grading of the pivot shift phenomena. Navigation data from 12 patients who underwent navigated ACL surgery were retrospectively reviewed. A characteristic P-shaped track of motion is recorded by the navigation software during the pivot-shift examination. The "angle of P" was developed as a means characterizing this track of motion and was measured in all cases. The tibial rotation, maximum anterior tibial translation and acceleration of posterior translation during the pivot shift were also measured. The charts of these patients were reviewed to obtain information on the clinical grading of the pivot-shift before and after ACL reconstruction. Spearman correlation analysis was then used to identify significant correlations between clinical grade of the pivot shift and the angle of p measured with computer navigation. After reconstruction, the clinical grade of the pivot shift was zero in all patients. The tibial rotation, maximum ATT, APT and the angle of p also decreased. On analysis of 24 EUAs, 12 before reconstruction and 12 after, there was excellent and significant correlation between the clinical grade of pivot shift examination and the angle of P (R2 = 0.97, p < 0.001). Only good correlation was noted between the clinical pivot shift and the rotation (R2 = 0.77, p < 0.0001), maximum ATT (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.0001) and APT (R2 = 0.81, p < 0.0001). There was a stepwise increase of 6-7 mm of translation and 5-6 degrees of rotation for each increasing grade of pivot shift. There were also increases in the angle of P and APT for each increasing grade of pivot. A decrease in tibial rotation, maximum ATT, APT and angle ofp is detected by computer navigation with ACL reconstruction, correlating with clinical grading. Clinical quantification of the distinct elements of the pivot shift may allow for more accurate evaluation of different ACL reconstruction constructs. There is also potential for these variables to be measured intraoperatively and guide ACL reconstruction when computer navigation is employed.
Beta-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as an early diagnostic marker of Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

We successfully established a sensitive and robust ELISA for the measurement of brain-enriched beta-synuclein, which we could show is localised in glutamatergic synapses. We confirmed previous, mass spectrometry-based observations of increased beta-synuclein levels in CSF of patients with AD and CJD supporting its potential use as a marker of synaptic degeneration.
Exposing the network: support for topology-sensitive applications (2002)

One of the traditional goals of networking has been to hide details of network topology from end users. As networks become larger and more heterogeneous, however, situations arise in which the ability to identify particular topological properties enables capabilities and performance that are difficult to achieve with a purely "black box" interface to network topology. Examples of such situations include deployment of active networking functionality to strategic points (e.g., upstream from a lossy link) or the construction of a secure overlay topology on a network with selective support for IP security. On the other hand, an approach that "opens up" the network without constraints seems neither necessary nor practical. We therefore propose a method to query and synthesize network information that allows constrained programmability. We demonstrate the method on a set of examples, and we discuss our implementation within an active networking environment.
Optical study of solar tower power plants (2015)

The central receiver technology for electricity generation consists of concentrating solar radiation coming from the solar tracker field into a central receiver surface located on the top of the tower. The heliostat field is constituted of a big number of reflective mirrors; each heliostat tracks the sun individually and reflects the sunlight to a focal point. Therefore, the heliostat should be positioned with high precision in order to minimize optical losses. In the current work, a mathematical model for the analysis of the optical efficiency of solar tower field power plant is proposed. The impact of the different factors which influence the optical efficiency is analyzed. These parameters are mainly, the shading and blocking losses, the cosine effect, the atmospheric attenuation and the spillage losses. A new method for the calculation of blocking and shadowing efficiency is introduced and validated by open literature.
A Railway Traction Power Conditioner Using Modular Multilevel Converter and Its Control Strategy for High-Speed Railway System (2016)

With the development of high-speed and high-power electrified railway, power quality of traction power grid becomes more serious. In order to achieve three-phase balance of traction power grid, a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based railway traction power conditioner (RTPC) is studied, which is characterized by modular multilevel cascaded structure. The RTPC consists of four H-Bridge links and output filter inductors, which can be connected to 27.5-kV traction feeders in co-phase supply system directly. This conditioner can be used for different kinds of traction system, especially suited to Scott traction system. According to the analysis of equivalent electrical model and power balance of RTPC, a hierarchical control strategy is put forward aiming to balance the submodule capacitor voltages, which ensures the safety and stability of system. Finally, the structure and its control strategy are verified by the simulation and experiment effectively.
Submicroscopic crystals inosteoarthritic synovial fluids (1994)

Objectives-To investigate thehypothesis thatsynovial fluid (SF)frompatients with osteoarthritis (OA)may contain calcium phosphate crystals thatareeithertoo small,or too few in number to be identified by conventional lightmicros- copytechniques. Methods-Twelve SF from 11patients withestablished kneeOA,fiveSF from patients withrheumatoid arthritis (RA), and two control samplesofSF from patients withpseudogout weresubjected to an enzyme/hypochlorite extraction
Integrating UML and GPSS for business process modeling and simulation (2008)

Simulation is a dynamic modeling technology. However there is little integration of business process static modeling and simulation, which prevents simulation from becoming a mainstream modeling method/tool. Firstly, UML activity diagram is extended using UML extensibility mechanism for BPS, which enhances activity diagram's ability of describing business process and adds some information which the simulation needs. Secondly, the principles and methods that can be used to translate extended UML activity diagram into the GPSS model are proposed, which realizes the integration of the static model and the dynamic model. Finally, a supporting software tool system of integrating UML and GPSS for business process modeling and simulation has been developed based on our proposed methods.
Kinetic and thermodynamic control of protein adsorption (2000)

Control of nonspecific protein adsorption is very important for the design of biocompatible and biomimetic materials as well as drug carriers. Grafted polymer layers can be used to prevent protein adsorption. We have studied the molecular factors that determine the equilibrium and kinetic control of protein adsorption by grafted polymer layers. We find that polymers that are not attracted to the surface are very effective for kinetic control but not very good for equilibrium reduction of protein adsorption. Polymers with attractions to the surface show exactly the opposite behavior. The implications for molecular design of biocompatible materials also are discussed in this paper.
Designing optimal spectral indexes for remote sensing applications (1996)

Satellite remote sensing data constitute a significant potential source of information on our environment, provided they can be adequately interpreted. Vegetation indexes, a subset of the class of spectral indexes, represent one of the most commonly used approaches to analyze data in the optical domain. An optimal spectral index is very sensitive to the desired information (e.g. the amount of vegetation), and as insensitive as possible to perturbing factors (such as soil color changes or atmospheric effects). Since both the desired signal and the perturbing factors vary spectrally, and since the instruments themselves only provide data for particular spectral bands, optimal indexes should be designed for specific applications and particular instruments. This paper describes a rational approach to the design of an optimal index to estimate vegetation properties on the basis of the red and near-infrared reflectances of the AVHRR instrument, taking into account the perturbing effects of soil brightness changes, atmospheric absorption and scattering. The rationale behind the Global Environment Monitoring index (GEMI) is explained, and this index is proposed as an alternative to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for global applications. The techniques described here are generally applicable to any multispectral sensor and application.
A Sequence-specific Exopeptidase Activity Test (SSEAT) for “Functional” Biomarker Discovery (2007)

One form of functional proteomics entails profiling of genuine activities, as opposed to surrogates of activity or active "states," in a complex biological matrix: for example, tracking enzyme-catalyzed changes, in real time, ranging from simple modifications to complex anabolic or catabolic reactions. Here we present a test to compare defined exoprotease activities within individual proteomes of two or more groups of biological samples. It tracks degradation of artificial substrates, under strictly controlled conditions, using semiautomated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting patterns. Each fragment is quantitated by comparison with double labeled, non-degradable internal standards (all-d-amino acid peptides) spiked into the samples at the same time as the substrates to reflect adsorptive and processing-related losses. The full array of metabolites is then quantitated (coefficients of variation of 6.3-14.3% over five replicates) and subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Using this approach, we tested serum samples of 48 metastatic thyroid cancer patients and 48 healthy controls, with selected peptide substrates taken from earlier standard peptidomics screens (i.e. the "discovery" phase), and obtained class predictions with 94% sensitivity and 90% specificity without prior feature selection (24 features). The test all but eliminates reproducibility problems related to sample collection, storage, and handling as well as to possible variability in endogenous peptide precursor levels because of hemostatic alterations in cancer patients.
Why Are the Hydroxy Groups of Partially Protected <i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine Derivatives Such Poor Glycosyl Acceptors, and What Can Be Done about It? A Comparative Study of the Reactivity of <i>N</i>-Acetyl-, <i>N</i>-Phthalimido-, and 2-Azido-2-deoxy-glucosamine Derivatives in Glycosylation. 2-Picolinyl Ethers as Reactivity-Enhancing Replacements for Benzyl Ethers (2001)

Competition experiments were used to determine that the 4-OH of a 2-deoxy-2-azidoglucose derivative is more reactive than that of the corresponding N-phthalimido glucose derivative which, in turn, is more easily glycosylated than the N-acetyl derivative. Glycosylation of the 4-OH groups of the N,N-diacetyl and N-acetyl-N-benzyl glucosamine was also found to be superior to that of the simple N-acetyl substance. The 3-O-picolinyl ether of a 4,6-O-benzylidene-protected N-acetylglucosamine was shown to have a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond to the adjacent acetamide group. This interaction does not persist in the 3-O-picolinyl-6-O-benzyl N-acetylglucosamine derivative, owing to a probable competing hydrogen bond between the 4-OH and the picolinyl ether. However, in the 3-O-picolinyl-4-O-benzyl N-acetylglucosamine regioisomer the picolinyl-acetamide hydrogen bond persists and leads to an enhancement of reactivity of the 6-OH, over and above that in the corresponding 3-O-benzyl ether, due to disruption of the typical intermolecular amide hydrogen bonding scheme. It is demonstrated that the picolinyl ether is readily removed by hydrogenolysis at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Phase-Modulated Grating Lenses for Two-Dimensional Optical Branching (1992)

Phase-modulated grating lenses, which have composite functions of focusing and branching, have been investigated. Grating lenses for two-dimensional optical branching were designed by introducing a phase-modulation function. The phase-modulation function was optimized, so as to balance the optical intensity values for the required branchings and to suppress those for undesirable branchings. The grating lens has an advantage, wherein the branching characteristics can be precisely controlled by the two-dimensional grating pattern.
Localization and DNA sequence analysis of the<i>C</i>gene of bacteriophage Mu, the positive regulator of Mu late transcription (1986)

The C gene of bacteriophage Mu, required for transcription of the phage late genes, was localized by construction and analysis of a series of deleted derivatives of pKN50, a plasmid containing a 9.4 kb Mu DNA fragment which complements Mu C amber mutant phages for growth. One such deleted derivative, pWM10, containing only 0.5 kb of Mu DNA, complements C amber phages and transactivates the mom gene, one of the Mu late genes dependent on C for activation. The DNA sequence of the 0.5 kb fragment predicts a single long open reading frame coding for a 140 amino acid protein. Sequence analysis of DNA containing a C amber mutation located the base change to the second codon of this reading frame. Generation of a frameshift mutation by filling in a BglII site spanning codon 114 of this reading frame resulted in the loss of C complementation and transactivation activity. These results indicate that this open reading frame encodes the Mu C gene product. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the C protein with those of other transcriptional regulatory proteins revealed some similarity to a region highly conserved among bacterial sigma factors.