gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of few-layered graphene by ion implantation of carbon in nickel thin films (2011)

The synthesis of few-layered graphene is performed by ion implantation of carbon species in thin nickel films, followed by high temperature annealing and quenching. Although ion implantation enables a precise control of the carbon content and of the uniformity of the in-plane carbon concentration in the Ni films before annealing, we observe thickness non-uniformities in the synthesized graphene layers after high temperature annealing. These non-uniformities are probably induced by the heterogeneous distribution/topography of the graphene nucleation sites on the Ni surface. Taken altogether, our results indicate that the number of graphene layers on top of Ni films is controlled by the nucleation process on the Ni surface rather than by the carbon content in the Ni film.
Micro- and nanoparticles self-assembly for virtually defect-free, adjustable monolayers (2008)

As chips further shrink toward smaller scales, fabrication processes based on the self-assembly of individual particles into patterns or structures are often sought. One of the most popular techniques for two-dimensional assembly (self-assembled monolayers) is based on capillary forces acting on particles placed at a liquid interface. Capillarity-induced clustering, however, has several limitations: it applies to relatively large (radius > approximately 10 microm) particles only, the clustering is usually non-defect-free and lacks long-range order, and the lattice spacing cannot be adjusted. The goal of the present article is to show that these shortcomings can be addressed by using an external electric field normal to the interface. The resulting self-assembly is capable of controlling the lattice spacing statically or dynamically, forming virtually defect-free monolayers, and manipulating a broad range of particle sizes and types including nanoparticles and electrically neutral particles.
Role of Coagulation Factor XII in Atherosclerosis (2014)

Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall which is not only modulated by innate and adaptive immune responses but also by factors of the blood coagulation system. 
In general hypercoagulability seems to increase the development and progression of experimental atherosclerosis in mice on an atherogenic background. In addition, the great majority of coagulation proteins including coagulation factor XII (FXII) have been detected in early and advanced human atherosclerotic lesions supporting the cross-link between the coagulation system and atherosclerosis. Moreover, FXII has been detected in close proximity to macrophages, foam cells and smooth muscle cells in these lesions and has been demonstrated to be functionally active in human plaques. Although these data indicate that factor XII may play a role in atherogenesis a direct contribution of FXII to atherogenesis has not been addressed experimentally to date. Furthermore, clinical studies examining the function of FXII in vascular disease have yielded conflicting results. 
Hence, in order to investigate the function of coagulation factor XII in atherosclerosis apolipoprotein E and FXII-deficient (F12\(^{-/-}\) apoE\(^{-/-}\)) mice were employed. Compared to F12\(^{+/+}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) controls, atherosclerotic lesion formation was reduced in F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice, associated with diminished systemic T-cell activation and Th1-cell polarization after 12 weeks of high fat diet. Moreover, a significant decrease in plasma levels of complement factor C5a was evidenced in F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice. Interestingly, C5a increased the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced their capacity to trigger antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production in OTII CD4\(^+\) T cells in vitro. Importantly, a reduction in frequencies of IL-12 expressing splenic DCs from atherosclerotic F12\(^{-/-}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) versus F12\(^{+/+}\)apoE\(^{-/-}\) mice was observed in vivo, accompanied by a diminished splenic Il12 transcript expression and significantly reduced IL-12 serum levels. 
Consequently, these data reveal FXII to play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion formation and to promote DC-induced and systemic IL 12 expression as well as pro-inflammatory T-cell responses likely at least in part via the activation of the complement system.
Practical downlink transmission schemes for future LTE systems with many base-station antennas (2013)

We consider downlink multi-user MIMO transmission of a wireless system in which the base station is equipped with a large number of antennas. We propose two downlink schemes based on random beamforming and subspace tracking and show that while reducing signaling overhead, these schemes can improve the system performance compared to conventional systems with a smaller number of antennas at the base station.
Synthesis of halo enol lactones. Mechanism-based inactivators of serine proteases (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of halo enol lactones. Mechanism-based inactivators of serine proteasesGrant A. Krafft and John A. KatzenellenbogenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 18, 5459–5466Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00408a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00408a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1419Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE SYSTEM GALLIUM-INDIUM (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYSTEM GALLIUM-INDIUMSIDNEY J. FRENCHSIDNEY J. FRENCHMore by SIDNEY J. FRENCH, DONALD J. SAUNDERSDONALD J. SAUNDERSMore by DONALD J. SAUNDERS, and GEORGE W. INGLEGEORGE W. INGLEMore by GEORGE W. INGLECite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1938, 42, 2, 265–274Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/j100897a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (484 KB) Get e-Alerts
The Addition of Sulfur, Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptans to Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Sulfur, Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptans to Unsaturated HydrocarbonsS. O. Jones and E. Emmet ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 10, 2452–2455Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01277a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01277a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional differences between HOX proteins conferred by two residues in the homeodomain N-terminal arm. (1994)

Hox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulators that function during development to specify positional identity along embryonic axes. The homeodomain is composed of a flexible N-terminal arm and three alpha helices, and it differentially binds DNA. A number of homeodomains recognize sites containing a TAAT core motif. The product of the murine Hoxd-4 (Hox-4.2) gene functions in a positive autoregulatory fashion in P19 cells that is dependent on two TAAT motifs in the Hoxd-4 promoter. This effect is specific in that murine HOXA-1 (HOX-1.6) is unable to activate transcription through the Hoxd-4 autoregulatory element. Here we show that this is due to an inability of the HOXA-1 homeodomain to bind a HOXD-4 recognition site effectively. We have produced chimeras between HOXD-4 and HOXA-1 to map specific residues responsible for this functional difference. When positions 2 and 3 in the N-terminal arm of HOXA-1 were converted to HOXD-4 identity, both strong DNA binding and transcriptional activation were rescued. This substitution appears to confer an increased DNA-binding ability on the HOXA-1 homeodomain, since we were unable to detect a high-affinity recognition sequence for HOXA-1 in a randomized pool of DNA probes. The contribution of position 3 to DNA binding has been implicated by structural studies, but this is the first report of the importance of position 2 in regulating homeodomain-DNA interactions. Additionally, specific homeodomain residues that confer major differences in DNA binding and transcriptional activation between Hox gene products have not been previously determined. Identity at these two positions is generally conserved among paralogs but varies between Hox gene subfamilies. As a result, these residues may be important for the regulation of target gene expression by specific Hox products.
Pre- and perinatal risk factors involved in the development of autistic spectrum disorders in children (2017)

The aetiology of autism is unknown, although multiple research into the identification of factors involved in certain periods of gestation has been conducted in epidemiological research centers over the last 40 years. Currently, it is considered that the mechanism underlyng the development of autistic spectrum disorders is most likely polygenic and environmental factos can interact with genetic factors to increase the risk. Although the neuropathological mechanism are described evasively, the studies have shown that there are macroscopic, microscopic and functional abnormalities in the brain of these childrens. These different brain abnormalities suggest that the relevant aetiology may be in the pre- and peripartum period or in early childhood. A recent meta-analysis has centralized 60 studies that analized the association between perinatal, neonatal factors and autism. The factors identified as having an increased risk of autism are: folic acid deficiency in the first trimester of pregnancy, Rubella infections during pregnancy, smoking, pregnant women with an increased Body Mass Index, autoimmune thyroid diseases, abnormal presentations, fetal distress, obstetric trauma, multiple births, maternal bledding, birth in the summer, underweight foetuses registered at birth, congenital malformations, meconium aspiration, APGAR score decreased after 5 minutes from birth, neonatal feeding difficulties, neonatal anemia, RH and ABO incompatibility with isoimmunization, hyperbilirubinemia.
Wafer-scale, three-dimensional helical porous thin films deposited at a glancing angle (2014)

Minimization of helices opens a door to impose novel functions derived from the dimensional shrinkage of optical, mechanical and electronic devices. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) enables one to deposit three-dimensional helical porous thin films (HPTFs) composed of separated spiral micro/nano-columns. GLAD integrates a series of advantageous features, including one-step deposition, wafer-scale production with mono-handedness of spirals, flexible engineering of spiral materials and dimensions, and the adaption to various kinds of substrates. Herein, we briefly review the fabrication of HPTFs by GLAD, specific growth mechanisms, physical properties in structures, mechanics and chiral optics, and the emerging applications in green energy. A prospective outlook is presented to illuminate some promising developments in enantioselection, bio-dynamic analyses, wirelessly-controlled drug delivery and mass production.
Low-intensity laser-triggering of rail-gaps with magnesium-aerosol switching-gases (2002)

In this paper a new approach to low-intensity laser-triggering of overvolted, gas-insulated spark gaps is demonstrated. The method is based on the addition of Mg-particles with a diameter of about 100 nm to the switching-gas. The spherical particles are suspended in Ar/SF/sub 6/ and N/sub 2//SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures and illuminated by unfocussed nitrogen laser radiation. A laser energy of only a few 100 nJ is required for releasing seed electrons by photoemission from Mg-aerosol particles causing spark-gap ignition with a jitter less than 1 ns.
An enhanced authentication protocol for WRANs in TV white space (2015)

Cognitive radio technique has been recognized as an effective solution to the dilemma introduced by the rapid growth of wireless communications and the scarcity of spectrum resources. One example of the cognitive radio systems is the wireless regional area network operating in television white space TVWS spectrum, which has been specified by IEEE 802.22 standard. The wireless regional area networks in TVWS face not only the traditional security threats but also cognitive security challenges. Especially, the authentication between the base station and the customer premises equipment is vital for secure communication. We discovered that the authentication protocol specified in IEEE 802.22 is vulnerable to the interleaving attacks and cannot achieve mutual key confirmation. In this paper, an Enhanced Certificate-based Authentication scheme ECA has been proposed to overcome the vulnerability of the authentication scheme in IEEE 802.22 standard with much less requirements on the computation and communication resources. The drawbacks of the authentication protocol in IEEE 802.22 standard has been explored followed by the presentation of the proposed enhanced authentication protocol, ECA. The ECA protocol has been evaluated in terms of security functionality and the performance. The correctness of the Enhanced Certificate-based Authentication scheme is analyzed by the Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical efficacy and safety of single cycle rituximab as induction therapy for aggressive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a resource limited center: a preliminary study (2020)

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation is an open access journal, with focuses on neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation research, and coverage extending to other basic and clinical studies related to neuroscience.
Vaccines for the Leishmaniases: Proposals for a Research Agenda (2011)

The International Symposium on Leishmaniasis Vaccines, held in Olinda, Brazil, on March 9–11, 2009, congregated international experts who conduct research on vaccines against the leishmaniases. The questions that were raised during that meeting and the ensuing discussions are compiled in this report and may assist in guiding a research agenda. A group to further discussion on issues raised in this policy platform has been set up at http://groups.google.com/group/leishvaccines-l.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of ABT‐627, an oral ETA selective endothelin antagonist, in humans (2000)

Aims Endothelins (ETs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the orally active ETA selective receptor antagonist ABT‐627 in healthy humans. Methods Healthy volunteers were included in two studies with cross‐over design. Subjects received single or multiple dose (an 8 day period) administration of oralABT‐627 or matched placebo, in a dose range of 0.2–40 mg. The pharmacokinetics of ABT‐627 were described and its effects on systemic haemodynamics under resting conditions and on forearm vasoconstriction in response to ET‐1 were assessed. Results ABT‐627 was generally well tolerated in both studies, with transient headache being the most reported adverse event (in 62% vs 4% during placebo, P < 0.05, for Study 1 and in 42% vs 60%, P = 0.2, for Study 2). ABT‐627 was rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum plasma levels at ≈ 1 h post dose. Single dose ABT‐627, at a dose of 20 and 40 mg, inhibited ET‐1 induced forearm vasoconstriction at 8 h post dose. Eight days ABT‐627 treatment, at a dose level of 5 mg and above, also effectively blocked forearm vasoconstriction to ET‐1. ABT‐627 caused a significant reduction in peripheral resistance as compared with placebo (16 ± 1 vs 19 ± 1, 18 ± 2 vs 23 ± 3, 15 ± 1 vs 17 ± 1 AU at 1, 5, 20 mg in Study 2) with only a mild decrease in blood pressure (79 ± 2 vs 84 ± 3, 80 ± 4 vs 90 ± 5, 75 ± 3 vs 79 ± 1 at 1, 5, 20 mg in Study 2). ABT‐627 caused a moderate dose‐dependent increase in circulating immunoreactive ET levels (a maximal increase of 50% over baseline at the 20 mg dose level). Conclusions The oral ETA receptor blocker ABT‐627 is well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, effectively blocks ET‐1 induced vasoconstriction and causes a decrease in total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure. Our data suggest that ABT‐627 may be a valuable tool in treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Hierarchical performance modeling for distributed system architectures (2002)

Performance modeling and evaluation techniques are essential when designing and implementing distributed software systems. Constructing performance models for such systems can require significant effort. This paper presents Hierarchical Performance Modeling as a technique to model performance for different layers of abstraction. Once the system architecture and software functionality have been specified, this model supports performance model generation for the evaluation and analysis of computation delays of software processes, communication delays of distributed software architectures, and hardware platform alternatives. A simplified example is presented to illustrate the concepts of the Hierarchical Performance Model.
A coding scheme for stereoscopic television sequences based on motion estimation-compensation using a 3D approach (1995)

The implementation of a new television service (in this case stereoscopic television or 3DTV) requires research into four fundamental areas: pick-up equipment, transmission (including, bandwidth reduction), display and picture quality. This paper focuses on the algorithm aspects for the definition of an optimal coder well-suited to 3DTV. We present a 3D approach linking 2D left and right motion in order to define a 3D coding scheme based on motion estimation-compensation. This 3D scheme is more efficient than current 2D schemes because it allows for the possibility of using a unique channel for transmitting motion estimation-compensation information instead of two or three channels motion (2D left motion, 2D right motion and eventually 2D disparity). A 3D approach could then offer new possibilities for increasing the compression rate (by about a factor 2 for additional motion information) by merging all 2D information in an unique set of 3D information.
Epigenetic Profiling in Severe Sepsis: A Pilot Study of DNA Methylation Profiles in Critical Illness* (2019)

DNA methylation marks may provide important causal and potentially biomarker information in critically ill patients with sepsis.
Electron Spin Resonance Dating of Animal and Human Bones (1980)

Ages of fossil bones were determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The electron spin resonance signal is associated with lattice defects or trapped centers produced by natural radiation in the bones and gives a measure of the total dose of natural radiation, or the archeological dose. Archeological doses were determined for samples of known age from a variety of sites and used to estimate apparent average annual rates of natural radiation at the sites. The method has the advantage that the sample need not be ground or heated, and it should be useful for dating biological materials.
Moving-average output interface for digital stochastic computers (1974)

A new logic circuit suitable for use as an output interface for digital stochastic computers is presented. The logic element is based on the theory of moving averages, and is demonstrated to provide a significant improvement in transient-response characteristics, without loss in accuracy.