gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of The Oxalate-Consuming Activities Of Probiotic Microorganisms (2008)

This study identifies the oxalate-consuming capabilities of mixtures of probiotic microorganisms, present as commercial probiotics, as well as in seventeen pure cultures of probiotic microorganisms. Probiotics are sold commercially as powders, tablets, and supplements of live microorganisms that, when taken in large amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Increased levels of urinary oxalate coincide with the formation of kidney stones, so this study sought to identify organisms capable of oxalate consumption that could potentially be manufactured for those suffering from calcium oxalate kidney stones. This study determined that consumption of oxalate was not directly tied to active growth by L. acidophilus NCFM and B. lactis BL-07. Further, consumption of oxalate by cultures of L. acidophilus NCFM occurred more rapidly in older cultures of cells (120 h) and in cultures previously exposed to oxalate. Metabolic profiling shed insight into the possibility that L. acidophilus NCFM shares the same method of oxalate catabolism to that of 0. formigenes, in which formate is produced during oxalate consumption. PCR assays and analysis revealed the presence of the oxc gene, similar to that of 0. formigenes, in several species of probiotic microorganisms. PCR analysis also revealed the apparent diversity of the oxc gene between 0. formigenes, a "specialist" of oxalate catabolism, and species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are "generalists" in regards to oxalate consumption. Further clinica.l trials will be necessary in order to determine the oxalate-consuming activities of pro biotic microorganisms in vivo, if they are to be used as treatments for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease in the future.
Fabrication of low-loss GaAs/AlGaAs Mach Zehnder modulators using proton isolation (1997)

Opto-electronic devices offer a wide-band, low power, compact solution to a variety of functional requirements in both military and civilian systems. The applications include switching and modulation for telecommunications, microwave and mm wave radar and electronic warfare. The integration of opto-electronic devices on to waveguides promises the benefit of increased functionality and reduced cost systems. A key requirement of such integration is that devices be electrically isolated from each other but remain optically connected. This isolation may be achieved by etching a notch through the top conducting layer of a p-i-n structure, for example using reactive ion etching. This can be problematical owing to the need to control etch depths to high precision. We have developed a process for isolating hard walled AlGaAs/GaAs waveguides using proton implantation. The effect of the proton energy and the level and type of doping on the degree of isolation and transparency achievable have been investigated. Post implantation annealing has been found to have a significant effect. We have found that our process does not significantly alter the transparency of the waveguides and gives excellent electrical isolation. In contrast to the etched notch method our process also gives very good yield. Using this technique MachZehnder (MZ) modulators have successfully been fabricated and demonstrated. Keywords: Optoelectronics, proton isolation, waveguides, integration.
A language for creating and manipulating VRML (1995)

Article Free Access Share on A language for creating and manipulating VRML Authors: Terrence J. Parr Parr Research Corporation, 1535 Francisco St #9, San Francisco, CA Parr Research Corporation, 1535 Francisco St #9, San Francisco, CAView Profile , Timothy F. Rohaly ORC Incorporated, 603 Fox Bow Dr. Suite B, Bel Air, MD ORC Incorporated, 603 Fox Bow Dr. Suite B, Bel Air, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims VRML '95: Proceedings of the first symposium on Virtual reality modeling languageJanuary 1995 Pages 123–131https://doi.org/10.1145/217306.217323Published:01 January 1995Publication History 2citation512DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads512Last 12 Months69Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
An Overview of Machine Learning Approaches in Wireless Mesh Networks (2019)

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been extensively studied for nearly two decades as one of the most promising candidates expected to power the high-bandwidth, high-coverage wireless networks of the future. However, consumer demand for such networks has only recently caught up, rendering efforts at optimizing WMNs to support high capacities and offer high QoS, while being secure and fault-tolerant, more important than ever. To this end, a recent trend has been the application of machine learning (ML) to solve various design and management tasks related to WMNs. In this work, key ML techniques are discussed and past efforts applying them in WMNs are analyzed, while noting some existing issues and suggesting potential solutions. Directions are provided on how ML could advance future research. Recent developments in the field are also examined.
Recent results about fan noise: Its generation, radiation and suppression (1982)

Fan noise including its generation, radiation characteristics, and suppression by acoustic treatment is studied. In fan noise generation, results from engine and fan experiments, using inflow control measures to suppress noise sources related to inflow distortion and turbulence, are described. The suppression of sources related to inflow allows the experiments to focus on the fan or engine internal sources. Some of the experiments incorporated pressure sensors on the fan blades to sample the flow disturbances encountered by the blades. From these data some inferences can be drawn about the origins of the disturbances. Also, hot wire measurements of a fan rotor wake field are presented and related to the fan's noise signature. The radiation and the suppression of fan noise are dependent on the acoustic modes generated by the fan. Fan noise suppression and radiation is described by relating these phenomena to the mode cutoff ratio parameter. In addition to its utility in acoustic treatment design and performance prediction, cutoff ratio was useful in developing a simple description of the radiation pattern for broadband fan noise. Some of the findings using the cutoff ratio parameter are presented.
User centric QoS management framework and its implementation (2000)

There have been numerous proposals for managing the end-to-end Quality of Service of multimedia applications. These approaches can be categorised into two groups, namely schemes that attempt to provide service guarantees, and schemes that provide bes
MULTIDETECTOR LWD SIGMA LOGGING PRINCIPLES, PETROPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (2013)

Sigma logging is important in formation evaluation because it provides a measurement of water saturation that is independent of resistivity and that can be used in combination with resistivity to estimate salinity of connate water. A multidetector Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) Sigma design provides insight into the presence of invasion in the shallow near-wellbore zone. One LWD tool includes two gamma-ray detectors and a thermal-neutron detector that have different depths of investigation and vertical resolution. The use of multiple detectors brings two enhancements to Sigma logging. First, the distinct response of the detectors enables the assessment of mud-filtrate invasion at typical shallow LWD invasion depths. Second, the use of a high vertical resolution thermal-neutron sensor allows the detection and evaluation of thinly bedded formations.
Evaluation of Waste Anesthetic Gases, Monitoring Strategies, and Correlations Between Nitrous Oxide Levels and Health Symptoms (1994)

The release of waste anesthetic gases (WAG) in hospital operating rooms (ORs) was evaluated to determine if staff exposure to nitrous oxide exceeded the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV®) and investigate possible correlations between symptoms and nitrous oxide exposure. The monitoring strategy consisted of nitrous oxide measurements by personal monitoring of the anesthetists and scrub nurses, and area monitoring at the exhaust grills. In addition, room ventilation rates and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured. Self-administered questionnaires were given to both the operating room personnel and staff on control wards. Nitrous oxide levels exceeded the current TLV of 50 ppm in 4 of 12 ORs. Anesthetists typically received the highest nitrous oxide exposure. There was a strong correlation (r2=0.90) for nitrous oxide dosimetry results between anesthetists and scrub nurses, and a fair correlation (r2=0.35) between area monitoring results and the anesthetists' personal exposures. Carbon dioxide levels commonly exceeded 1000 ppm on control wards. A correlation between reported symptoms and nitrous oxide exposure was not demonstrated. Reported symptoms more closely correlated with carbon dioxide levels. Nitrous oxide dosimetry of the anesthetists appears to be the only accurate strategy for monitoring human exposure to WAG in an operating room.
Simple Subtraction Method for Determining the Mean Path Length Traveled by Photons in Turbid Media (1998)

The mean path length is a key parameter in the study of light propagation in turbid media such as living tissues. In this paper, we propose a simple subtraction method for determining the mean path length traveled by photons in turbid media. The method is based on the fact that the mean time delay (i.e., the center of gravity) of the measured re-emission profile is the sum of the mean time delays of the instrumental function (i.e., the impulse response of the measuring system) and the impulse response of a highly scattering medium. Using this method, the mean path length can be calculated quickly and accurately without the need for performing deconvolution. The theory, computer simulation and experimental demonstration are described.
Extraction and Purification of Bioproducts and Nanoparticles using Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Strategies (2008)

Abstract Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems (ATPS) is a primary recovery technique that has shown great potential for the efficient extraction and purification of high value biological compounds. The main advantages of this technique include scaling up feasibility, process integration capability and biocompatibility. In this review, the efficient use of ATPS for the extraction of proteins, genetic material, low molecular weight compounds, bioparticles, nanoparticles and cells is highlighted. The important role of ATPS in process integration, i.e., extractive conversion, extractive fermentation, cell disruption integrated with product recovery, and extractive purification, is discussed. A novel approach to protein molecular characterization combining ATPS and 2‐dimension electrophoresis (2‐DE) is introduced as a first step in the process development. Novel approaches for downstream processing using ATPS and dielectrophoresis are presented. Finally, trends concerning the application of ATPS strategies to address the future challenges of bioseparation are discussed.
Polypeptide and Polypeptide Hybrid Copolymer Synthesis via NCA Polymerization (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tunable Organophotocatalysts for Polymerization Reactions Under Visible Lights. (2012)

New organic photocatalysts derived from pyrene, anthracene, naphthacene, and pentacene are presented here for the formation of free radicals through a photoredox catalysis. These OPCs can work according to an oxidative cycle in a three component system in combination with diphenyl iodonium salt and a silane or in a reductive cycle in combination with amine and alkyl halide. This OPC behavior is highlighted through an investigation of the associated excited state and redox properties. The free radicals generated are characterized by ESR or photolysis experiments. Upon household LED bulb or Xe lamp exposure, the oxidative three-component system is able to promote the ring-opening polymerization ROP of an epoxide whereas the reductive three-component system is very efficient to initiate the free radical photopolymerization FRP of an acrylate. This ability of OPCs to initiate different polymerization reactions (ROP and FRP) is clearly an outstanding property.
Activationless charge transport across 4.5 to 22 nm in molecular electronic junctions (2013)

In this work, we bridge the gap between short-range tunneling in molecular junctions and activated hopping in bulk organic films, and greatly extend the distance range of charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Three distinct transport mechanisms were observed for 4.5-22-nm-thick oligo(thiophene) layers between carbon contacts, with tunneling operative when d < 8 nm, activated hopping when d > 16 nm for high temperatures and low bias, and a third mechanism consistent with field-induced ionization of highest occupied molecular orbitals or interface states to generate charge carriers when d = 8-22 nm. Transport in the 8-22-nm range is weakly temperature dependent, with a field-dependent activation barrier that becomes negligible at moderate bias. We thus report here a unique, activationless transport mechanism, operative over 8-22-nm distances without involving hopping, which severely limits carrier mobility and device lifetime in organic semiconductors. Charge transport in molecular electronic junctions can thus be effective for transport distances significantly greater than the 1-5 nm associated with quantum-mechanical tunneling.
Comparison of pupil perimetry and visual perimetry in normal eyes: decibel sensitivity and variability. (2001)

The high intereye correlation for either pupil or visual sensitivity may provide an important tool for detecting focal or asymmetric visual field damage. Although the basic shape of the sensitivity profile of pupil and visual responses was similar under the conditions of testing, the two did not correlate well within each eye among the normal subjects. This highlights that similarities do exist in the sensitivity profile of the two pathways, but they do not seem to vary in the same proportion between normal individuals.
Discovery of potent, cyclic calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonists (2011)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent dilator of cerebral and dural vasculature, is known to be elevated in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid during migraine attacks. Selective blockade of the CGRP receptor offers the promise of controlling migraine headache more effectively and without the side-effects associated with the use of triptans. Our efforts to develop a novel, peptide-based CGRP antagonist focused on the C-terminal portion of the peptide which is known to bind the receptor but lack agonist properties. Extensive SAR studies of the C-terminal CGRP (27-37) region identified a novel cyclic structure: Bz-Val-Tyr-cyclo[Cys-Thr-Asp-Val-Gly-Pro-Phe-Cys]-Phe-NH(2) (23) with a kb value of 0.126 nM against the cloned human CGRP receptor. Additional SAR studies directed at enhancement of potency and improvement of physicochemical properties yielded a series of analogs with kb values in the 0.05-0.10 nM range.
New Books (1929)

This large, well illustrated and finely printed volume in- cludes a discussion of insects and other Arthropods in their relations to disease in man.The text is arranged in the form of lectures and laboratory exercises as presented to students in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.The general arrangement of material is strictly adapted to this especial teaching purpose and a considerable amount of space is given up to laboratory directions and the descrip- tions of demonstration material.Nevertheless, there is a large amount o information which will be of great value to entomologists as well as to medical men, since as a whole the book forms a bala.
Analysis of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in liquorice root with microwave‐assisted micellar extraction and pre‐concentration (2007)

The feasibility of employing a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) as an alternative and effective solvent for the microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin from liquorice root has been demonstrated. When compared with commonly used solvents, 5% Triton X-100 yielded higher extraction efficiency than aqueous solutions of ethanol or methanol. Under optimal conditions, i.e. 5% Triton X-100 (v/v) and microwave-assisted extraction for 3-5 min at 100 degrees C, the percentage extraction of active ingredients reached the highest value. The pre-concentration factor for the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin was about 13, and the cloud-point extraction recoveries for the two ingredients were 98.4 and 96.1%, respectively. The results showed that the coupling of microwave-assisted extraction and cloud-point extraction could be employed as a new and effective approach for the rapid extraction and pre-concentration of pharmacologically active ingredients from liquorice root without disturbing the subsequent chromatographic analysis.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Sterols as Potential Hypocholesterolemic Agents (1995)

A new series of sterols was synthesized and tested in a CHO cell-based LDL receptor/luciferase (LDLR/Luc) assay to investigate the capability of derepressing the transcription of LDL receptor promoter in the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol. The effect of various substitutions on antagonizing the repressing effect mediated by 25-hydroxycholesterol was also studied in terms of regio- and stereochemistry, lipophilicity, steric bulk, and pi-electron density. Except 12, compounds active in the primary LDLR/Luc assay were not active in the secondary simian virus 40/luciferase (SV40/Luc) assay, demonstrating the specificity of their in vitro activity. Eight active compounds of various structural types were selected and screened in a [1-14C-acetate]cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition assay; none has shown any interference with the cholesterol biosynthesis in CHO cells. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, generally, compounds that were active in vitro were active in vivo and vice versa, with the exception of three in vitro inactive compounds: 3 beta-ols 3a' and 3c' as well as 3-ketone 2a. Experimental results from the livers of hamsters revealed that the in vivo conversion of 3a' or 2a to 3a has in part contributed to the observed in vivo activity, and it is also anticipated that 3c' may similarly be converted to 3c in hamsters.
Estimating the value of medical treatments to patients using probabilistic multi criteria decision analysis (2015)

Preferences elicited from patients can be used to weigh clinical evidence in a probabilistic MCDA model. The resulting treatment values can be contrasted to results from experts, and the impact of uncertainty can be quantified using rank probabilities. Future research should focus on integrating the model with regulatory decision frameworks and on including other types of uncertainty.
Increasing profitability and improving semiconductor manufacturing throughput using expert systems (1994)

This paper describes a new procedure for using a machine-learning classification technique coupled with an expert system to increase profitability and improve throughput in a semiconductor manufacturing environment. The authors show how to use this procedure to identify relationships between work-in-process data (information obtained during semiconductor fabrication) and potential integrated circuit yield. The relationships, in the form of IF-THEN rules, are extracted from databases of previously fabricated integrated circuits and final yield. It is further shown that these rules, when incorporated into expert systems, can advise the human operator as to which batches of circuits are likely to produce submarginal yield if processed to completion, thereby providing a basis for developing or enhancing a quality control strategy. These rules also identify the parameters and values which have historically provided the highest and lowest final wafer yields. A cost analysis is given to illustrate the cost-effectiveness of this procedure. An introduction to semiconductor manufacturing and a glossary are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sun's SKIP Firewall Traversal for Mobile IP (1998)

The Mobile IP specification establishes the mechanisms that enable a mobile host to maintain and use the same IP address as it changes its point of attachment to the network.Mobility implies higher security risks than static operation, because the traffic may at times take unforeseen network paths with unknown or unpredictable security characteristics.The Mobile IP specification makes no provisions for securing data traffic.The mechanisms described in this document allow a mobile node out on a public sector of the internet to negotiate access past a SKIP firewall, and construct a secure channel into its home network.In addition to securing traffic, our mechanisms allow a mobile node to roam into regions that (1) impose ingress filtering, and (2) use a different address space.
Optimized 3-D Simulation Method for Modeling Out-of-Plane Radiation in Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits (2011)

We present an accurate and fast 3-D simulation scheme for out-of-plane grating couplers, based on 2-D rigorous [finite difference time domain (FDTD)] grating simulations, the effective index method, and the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula. In comparison with full 3-D FDTD simulations, the rms difference in electric field is below 5% and the difference in power flux is below 3%. A grating coupler for coupling from a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit to an optical fiber positioned 0.1 mm above the circuit is designed as an example.
Cholesterol accumulation in human cornea: evidence that extracellular cholesteryl ester-rich lipid particles deposit independently of foam cells (1996)

The cornea is a connective tissue site where lipid accumulates as a peripheral arcus lipoides. We found that cholesterol, in predominantly esterified form, progressively accumulated with age in the peripheral corneas of 20- to 90-yr-old individuals. Ultrastructural studies showed extracellular solid spherical lipid particles (< 200 nm in diameter) enmeshed between collagen fibers. Immunostaining showed significant apoE and apoA-I, but very little apoB in the peripheral cornea. Lipid particles were extracted from minced corneas into a buffer and subjected to isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The lipid particles had a density < 1.02 g/ml, contained > 75% of their cholesterol in esterified form, and were distributed in two populations with average diameters of 22 +/- 5 nm (SD) and 79 +/- 26 nm. Gel-filtration chromatographic analysis of the corneal lipid particles showed that most cholesterol eluted with the larger particles and these larger particles lacked apoB. ApoA-I was associated with lipid particles the size of HDL. Most apoE was associated with lipid particles larger than the apoA-I-containing lipid particles and smaller than the large lipid particles that carried most of the corneal cholesterol. Thus, the cholesteryl ester-rich lipid particles that accumulate in the cornea are 1) similar to lipid particles previously localized within and isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions, 2) accumulate without foam cells, and 3) may be derived from low density lipoproteins that have lost their apoB and fused.