gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulated Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Nephropathy (2003)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. TGF-beta1 has been identified as the key mediator of ECM accumulation in diabetic kidney. High glucose induces TGF-beta1 in glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells and in diabetic kidney. Antioxidants inhibit high glucose-induced TGF-beta1 and ECM expression in glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells and ameliorate features of diabetic nephropathy, suggesting that oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic renal injury. High glucose induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mesangial and tubular epithelial cells. High glucose-induced ROS in mesangial cells can be effectively blocked by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase, and mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex I, suggesting that PKC, NADPH oxidase, and mitochondrial metabolism all play a role in high glucose-induced ROS generation. Advanced glycation end products, TGF-beta1, and angiotensin II can also induce ROS generation and may amplify high glucose-activated signaling in diabetic kidney. Both high glucose and ROS activate signal transduction cascade (PKC, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) and transcription factors (nuclear factor-kappaB, activated protein-1, and specificity protein 1) and upregulate TGF-beta1 and ECM genes and proteins. These observations suggest that ROS act as intracellular messengers and integral glucose signaling molecules in diabetic kidney. Future studies elucidating various other target molecules activated by ROS in renal cells cultured under high glucose or in diabetic kidney will allow a better understanding of the final cellular responses to high glucose.
Highly color-stable solution-processed multilayer WOLEDs for lighting application (2010)

White organic and especially polymeric light emitting devices (WPLEDs) have received particular attention due to their potential to provide cost-effective and simply manufactured solid-state light sources. The largest acceptable variation of Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates is typically specified as Δx,y < 0.01 for general illumination purposes and even down to Δx,y < 0.005 by the automotive industry. Over the last few years great progress has been made regarding color-stability of OLEDs. In the first publications large color shifts of about Δx,y = 0.2,0.1 were reported. Current publications present devices with CIE variations as small as Δx,y = 0.02,0.02 or better, even for polymeric OLEDs. Here, we present a highly color-stable white fluorescent multilayer OLED consisting of a two-layer (yellow EML/blue EML) stack. The devices show white emission with CIE values of 0.324,0.346. Because of their extremely well-balanced electron and hole distribution, these devices show nearly no change in their CIE values (± 0.009,0.006) between 100 and 10 000 nits. Brightness in that range can be obtained at low voltages (4–8 V), at the same time providing a high efficiency of 6 cd A−1. In addition, due to the broad spectral width of the emission the devices exhibit a color rendering index of 84. This value complies favourably with actual demands for ambient lighting. The extrapolated half-brightness lifetime at an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2 exceeds 1000 h. All systems include the crosslinking of each layer either photo-chemically or thermally to enable the solution-processed complex multilayer OLED-structures.
Induction of vigorous cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus (1997)

Although live attenuated vaccine strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have proven highly effective in protecting macaques against challenge with pathogenic SIV strains, little is known about the mechanisms of protective immunity induced by these vaccines. We examined cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses against SIV in animals infected with SIVmac239delta nef (deficient in nef) or SIVmac239delta 3 (deficient in nef, vpr, and upstream sequences in U3). To enhance detection of SIV-specific CTL activity, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous B-lymphoblastoid cell lines which had been infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing SIV proteins and subsequently inactivated with psoralen and UV light. Animals chronically infected with SIV239delta nef or SIV239delta 3 mounted vigorous CTL responses against the SIV Gag and Env proteins. This CTL activity was major histocompatibility class restricted and mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes. CTL responses persisted at relatively high levels for more than 6 years after infection. Limiting dilution precursor frequency assays demonstrated that the frequency of SIV-specific CTLs was as high as 234 CTL precursors per 100,000 cells. Animals acutely infected with SIV239delta nef developed CTL activity by day 14 after infection, coincident with decreases in viral load. Animals acutely infected with SIV239delta 3 developed CTL responses within 4 weeks of infection. Thus, vaccination of juvenile or adult animals with SIV239delta nef or SIV239delta 3 results in the induction of a vigorous CTL response which arises early in the course of infection and persists for years after a single inoculation of virus.
Studies on the constituents of Actinostemma lobatum MAXIM. III. Structures of actinostemmosides E and F, new baccharane-type triterpene glycosides isolated from the herb. (1988)

From the dried herb of Actinostemma lobatum MAXIM. (Cucurbitaceae), two new baccharane-type triterpene glycosides, actinostemmosides E and F, were isolated. The structure of actinostemmoside F was elucidated mainly on the basis of 13C-13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) correlation spectrometry as the 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside of 3β, 17β, 21, 26, 30-pentahydroxybacchar-24-ene. The structure of actinostemmoside E was determined as the 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside of 3β, 17β, 21, 26-tetrahydroxybacchar-24-ene by comparison of the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra with those of actinostemmoside F.
Kinetics of One-Electron Oxidation of Thiols and Hydrogen Abstraction by Thiyl Radicals from .alpha.-Amino C-H Bonds (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of One-Electron Oxidation of Thiols and Hydrogen Abstraction by Thiyl Radicals from .alpha.-Amino C-H BondsRong Zhao, Johan Lind, Gabor Merenyi, and Trygve E. EriksenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 26, 12010–12015Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1078Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (582 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hepatic nitric oxide production following acute endotoxemia in rats is mediated by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression (1995)

In the present studies, we analyzed the effects of acute endotoxemia on hepatocyte nitric oxide production and functional activity. Treatment of rats with 5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces acute endotoxemia, caused an increase in nitric oxide production in the liver, as measured by electron paramagnetic spin trapping, which was evident within 6 hours. This was associated with expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger (m) RNA in hepatocytes and in sinusoidal cells throughout the liver lobule. Acute endotoxemia also caused alterations in hepatic structure, including hypertrophy, vacuolization, and chromosomal emargination, however these changes were not apparent for 24 to 48 hours. Hepatocytes isolated from endotoxemic rats released increased amounts of nitric oxide, measured by nitrite production, in response to interferon gamma (gamma-IFN) alone or in combination with LPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, or hepatocyte growth factor. These results show that hepatocytes are sensitized by acute endotoxemia to respond to inflammatory mediators and growth factors. Increased nitrite production by hepatocytes was due to increased expression of iNOS mRNA and protein and was correlated with the time following induction of acute endotoxemia. Thus, cells isolated 48 hours after induction of acute endotoxemia released significantly more nitrite than cells recovered after 6 hours, a response that was not due to alterations in hepatocyte viability. Hepatocytes isolated from endotoxemic rats also exhibited a marked increase in proliferative capacity when compared with cells from control rats. Nitric oxide production by hepatocytes in vitro was associated with inhibition of cell growth and protein synthesis, which was reversed by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA). Agarose gel electrophoresis showed extensive cytoplasmic DNA fragmentation in hepatocytes treated with LPS and gamma-IFN, a characteristic of apoptosis, which was also reversed by L-NMMA. These results, together with our findings that treatment of rats with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase partially reversed the structural alterations in the liver associated with acute endotoxemia suggest that nitric oxide may contribute to the pathophysiologic response to this bacterially derived toxin.
Analysis of Flavonoids and Iridoids in <i>Vitex Negundo</i> by HPLC-PDA and Method Validation (2013)

The leaves of Vitex negundo have been reported to contain various bioactive constituents including iridoids and flavonoids. This is the first report on the simultaneous determination of iridoids and flavonoids by HPLC in three different samples of V. negundo leaves collected from three regions of India. Separation of iridoids and flavonoids was accomplished by HPLC and further elaborated for their quantification in V. negundo leaves using a C-18 column with detection at 254 and 330 nm, respectively. The developed HPLC method showed good linearity (r2 > or = 0.999), high precision (RSD < 5%) and a good recovery (99.3-103.0%) of the compounds. All the validation parameters of the developed HPLC were found to be within the permissible limits according to the ICH guidelines. The developed method was robust, accurate and reliable for the quality control of V. negundo leaves.
Advanced Surface Cleaning Strategy for 65nm CMOS Device Performance Enhancement (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Management of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with CAD and DM constitute roughly one quarter of the total CAD population and are at increased risk of death compared to nondiabetic patients, regardless of the clinical setting. As a consequence, aggressive use of medical and revascularization therapies are appropriate for patients with DM given this increased risk. Among patients with chronic stable CAD, patients with DM have been demonstrated to benefit from specific therapies, including antiplatelet, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonists, aggressive blood pressure control, and aggressive lipid management. In addition, attention to angina and evaluation of ischemic symptoms is important in the outpatient management of the diabetic patient with CAD. Presentation with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) is currently characterized as ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), and Unstable Angina or Non-ST Elevation MI (UA/NSTEMI). Specific characteristics of diabetic patients have been identified among both ACS conditions, and particular benefits have been described from use of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies, reperfusion therapy, administration of beta adrenergic and RAAS antagonists, lipid lowering therapy, and revascularization techniques. In general, an aggressive approach to treatment of DM and CAD is recommended for both the stable and ACS populations.
CDMA‐Based 2G and 3G Systems (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: EIA/TIA IS-95 System ETSI WCDMA System Discussion: Lessons to Learn
Pulse-wave model of brachial arterial pressure modulation in aging and hypertension (1986)

We apply a pulse-wave theory to a model of the human arm arterial system that predicts the changes in the arterial pressure waveform as it traverses the vasculature (increased pulse pressure, sharper main wave, disappearance of the aortic incisura, and appearance of a diastolic dicrotic wave) and also predicts the observed modulation of the waveform during phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction and nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation. The model considers the arm arterial system as a tapered, distensible tube that bifurcates and then ends in a loop, with sidebranch networks represented by distributed Windkessels. The model uses verifiable values for realistic parameters. We found that the vertical modulation of the dicrotic wave, in humans, decreased with advancing age and with high blood pressure. The model explained these findings in terms of increasing vascular rigidity and decreasing small vessel vasodilator responsiveness. We noted a significant negative correlation between the arterial level of plasma norepinephrine and the amount of modulation of the dicrotic wave after nitroglycerin among subjects 40 yr old or younger, suggesting a sympathetic neurogenic contribution to the vascular abnormalities observed in relatively young patients with essential hypertension.
Clean label is maatwerk : onderzoek naar verwachtingen consument (2016)

Clean label is trending. Veel fabrikanten van voedingsmiddelen werken eraan, vaak vanuit een technologisch perspectief. Experts van Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research onderzochten wat de verwachtingen zijn van consumenten van clean label.
Therapeutic Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides and ω-3 Fatty Acids in a Patient With the Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (1997)

We have studied the underlying molecular defect in a patient presenting with recurrent pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridemia, and virtually undetectable postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mass and activity, who normalized her triglycerides 3 to 6 months after initiation of either medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil or omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3-FA) therapy. After treatment, postheparin plasma LPL activity and mass ranged from 24% to 39% of normal and LPL specific activity was normal (1.0 nmol.ng-1.min-1). On discontinuation of MCT oil or omega-3-FA, plasma triglyceride increased to > 2000 mg/dL. Northern blotting revealed both normal size and abundance of LPL mRNA isolated from adipocytes as well as macrophages. Sequence analysis of the LPL gene, which included all 10 exons, intron-exon splice junctions, and 1.7 kb of the 5'-flanking region, and of LPL cDNA failed to identify any mutations. ApoC-II activity and mass assays revealed the presence of normal levels of a fully functional cofactor as well as the absence of circulating plasma inhibitors of lipase function. In summary, we describe a unique patient presenting with classical features of the familial chylomicronemia syndrome who manifests an unusually beneficial therapeutic response to MCT oil and omega-3-FA therapy. Unlike that in most patients with LPL deficiency, the chylomicronemia in this patient is not caused by a mutation in the structural LPL gene but possibly by a posttranscriptional defect. Thus, a subset of LPL-deficient patients with unique genetic defects respond to therapy by normalizing fasting plasma triglycerides; a therapeutic trial with MCT oil should be considered in all patients presenting with the familial chylomicronemia syndrome.
Oscillation Energy Analysis of Inter-Area Low-Frequency Oscillations in Power Systems (2015)

Low-frequency inter-area oscillation is a potentially dangerous phenomenon in power systems involving exchange of power among generators in different areas. In this paper, we study the characteristics of inter-area oscillation by analyzing the distribution of the oscillation energy. First, we introduce equations for the kinetic energy of generators and the potential energy of network branches, derived from the linearization of system dynamic equations. Then, we study the mode composition and the distribution of the generators' kinetic energy during low-frequency oscillations. A modal kinetic energy participation factor is proposed for evaluating the participation of each generator in the oscillation. The relationships among electromagnetic power oscillation distribution, rotor speed deviation, and generator kinetic energy are analyzed and compared to their modal parameter left eigenvectors, right eigenvectors, and linear participation factors, respectively. The bus voltage angle deviation, active power oscillation, and branch potential energy are calculated using the right eigenvector from modal analysis. The distribution characteristics of voltage angle oscillation and branch potential energy in inter-area oscillation is developed. The simulation results for a four-generator two-area system and the New England 10-machine 39-bus system illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed theory and method for analysis of inter-area oscillations.
A meter for the measurement of pulse amplitude from electrical nerve stimulators (1984)

Stimulators with constant current output may be provided with a calibrated amplitude control. Those without a true constant current output can have no such calibration without separately measuring electrode impedance. Even the setting of a calibrated control is no absolute guarantee of correct stimulation. All 'constant current' output stages have a limit on the range of load impedance accepted. This limit is imposed by the magnitude of voltage drive available. In cases of raised electrode impedance, poor contact or broken leads, monitoring the magnitude of actual stimulation is essential. This paper describes a simple circuit which gives such indication. It was originally designed for the setting up of stimulators used for treating scoliosis, but its application may be much wider.
Versatile direct dehydrative approach for diaryliodonium(iii) salts in fluoroalcohol media (2007)

We have found that the use of fluoroalcohol media greatly enhanced the efficiency and scope of the direct dehydrative condensation of arenes and hypervalent iodine(III) compounds; the present clean method has a broad range of applicability as well as unique selectivity in the aromatic substrates, and is highly efficient even in polymer functionalization.
The Language Teacher: An Interpreter of Culture (1971)

richt versucht deshalb, m6glichst viel Landeskunde in den Kursus selbst zu integrieren. 8. 'Marktforschung' und Motivationsuntersuchung bei Studenten und Schulern sind wichtige Hilfsmittel fOr eine nahere Bestimmung der kulturkundlichen Themen. Sie schliegen allerdings die Gefahr ein, dag das Nachstliegende (Gegenwart, Politik) bevorzugt wird, dag die Literatur zu kurz kommt ('Literatur-Defaitismus', Korlen) und die auf festen Lernzielen beruhende Bildung verfallt (Bauer).
An expert system for a resource allocation problem (1985)

We describe an expert system for resource allocation in a particular military domain. The system incorporates variants of several important techniques of artificial intelligence and makes the first use of the Merit system for question selection. This technique enables the system to direct the acquisition of information by finding questions with a high ratio of probable importance to difficulty. In the current application, each resource is a military weapon, each task to which such a resource can be allocated is firing at a military target, and the objective function is the expected reduction in value of targets. The coefficients that relate a particular resource to a particular task are not provided explicitly. Instead, in the first phase of the allocation process, the system uses a computation network to determine the effectiveness of each individual weapon against each prospective target. The network, built by a domain expert in advance, allows reasoning with logical, Bayesian, and expert-defined operators. After the calculation of individual effectiveness values, portions of an allocation tree are constructed to determine good allocation plans for the set of weapons. The individual effectiveness values are used to direct the traversal and pruning of the allocation tree.
A Monolithic Data Acquisition Channel (1983)

A monolithic data acquisition channel has been fabricated using a double level polysilicon NMOS process. The channel consists of a switched-capacitor filter, a continuous-time active RC filter, and a successive approximation analog-to digital converter. The IC is in the form of a parts kit for a data acquisition channel so that each functional component can be characterized independently. Stitch bonds are used to connect the elements together to form the complete monolithic channel. Each element is implemented with a symmetric, fully differential structure. The measured dynamic range of the channel is 86.1 dB when using +- 5 V supplies.
Sams teach yourself Microsoft Excel 2000 in 10 minutes (1999)

From the Publisher:
Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft Excel 2000 covers the most common tasks and features used in Excel. You will save time by completing the 10-minute lessons on the most used features rather than weeding through pages and pages of reference material. The perfect down and dirty little tutorial to get up and running with Excel QUICKLY.