gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional expression of Shaker K+ channels in cultured Drosophila "giant" neurons derived from Sh cDNA transformants: distinct properties, distribution, and turnover (1995)

Expression of transgenic Shaker (Sh) channels has not previously been examined in Drosophila neurons. We studied K+ current by whole-cell recording in cultured "giant" neurons derived from germline transformants. Independent lines were generated by using a P-element vector, in which transcription of the 29-4 cDNA, one of the Sh splicing variants (Iverson and Rudy, 1990), was under the control of a heat shock (HS)-inducible promoter. Transformants in wild-type and two different Sh mutant backgrounds all exhibited an HS-inducible, A-type K+ current that was characterized by a much slower recovery from inactivation and a higher sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine than native K+ currents of Sh 29-4 currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Despite similarities in the kinetic and pharmacological properties of the HS-induced current in all backgrounds examined, host-dependent differences in the peak current amplitude have been consistently observed between multiple lines of 29-4 ShM and 29-4 Sh120 that might reflect differential channel subunit assembly in different hosts. Isolation of the novel 29-4 currents allowed determination of the channel turnover rate in cultured neurons. These currents persisted for up to 3 d or more, comparable with the durations previously reported for Na+ and Ca2+ channels. Surprisingly, the percentage of cells expressing inactivating K+ currents remained approximately the same with or without HS induction, suggesting that some mechanisms exist to restrict functional expression of inactivating K+ channels, including transgenic Sh channels and those not encoded by the Sh locus, to certain types of neurons.
Studies on the Changes in the Extraction of Phenolics and Color Characteristics by the Enzyme Treatment of Red Grape(Muscat Bailey A) Wine during Fermentation (2010)

Abstract This study was designed to test the effects of enzyme treatments on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and on color characteristics in wines from domestic MBA(Muscat Bailey A) grapes. The total phenolic compound content of the MBA grape wine was 1,352.8±37.8 ㎎/lat 10 days of fermentation. Furthermore, MBA wines treated with 2%(v/v) of Pectinex and Viscozyme had 14.5%(p<0.05) and 3.8% increase, respectively, in total phenolic compound content by 10 days of fermentation. Pectinex treatment was more effective for phenolic levels than Viscozyme treatment. The L, a and b values of the MBA grape wine were 7.4, 9.2 and － 1.2, respectively, by 10 days of fermentation. The values in case of Pectinex enzyme treatment were 7.0, 10.6 and － 0.8, respectively, and these values were significantly different according to Pectinex treatment(p<0.05). But the values in case of Viscozyme enzyme treatment were 7.2, 9.8 and － 1.1, respectively, and these values were not different according to Viscozyme treatment. The hue and color intensity values of the MBA grape wine were 0.492 and 0.785, respectively, by 10 days of fermentation. The values in case of Pectinex enzyme treatment were 0.460 and 0.881, respectively. And as a result of the Pectinex treatment, the hue value of wine was decreased and color intensity was increased slightly(p<0.05). But the values in case of Viscozyme enzyme treatment were 0.482 and 0.805, respectively, and these values were not different according to the Viscozyme treatment.Key words: phenolic compounds, wine color, MBA grape wine, pectinex, viscozyme.
White matter diseases. (1989)

White matter disease is imaged with great sensitivity and poor specificity on MRI. Congenital, vascular, infectious, and autoimmune diseases as well as those with many other causes, may create similar-appearing lesions on MR. A knowledge of disease patterns and pulse sequences may improve the diagnostic specificity, but there is no substitute for an adequate clinical history.
Phosphorylation regulates nucleophosmin targeting to the centrosome during mitosis as detected by cross-reactive phosphorylation-specific MKK1/MKK2 antibodies (2004)

Phosphorylation-specific antibodies provide a powerful tool for analysing the regulation and activity of proteins in the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase and other signalling pathways. Using synchronized cells, it was observed that phosphorylation-specific antibodies developed against the active form of MKK1/MKK2 (MAP kinase kinase-1 and -2) reacted with a protein that was approx. 35 kDa during G2/M-phase of the cell cycle. Failure of the 35 kDa protein to react with phosphorylation-independent MKK1/MKK2 antibodies suggested that this protein was not related to MKK1 or MKK2. Thus the 35 kDa protein was isolated by immunoprecipitation with the phospho-MKK1/MKK2 antibody and identified by MS. Peptide sequence analysis revealed matches with NPM (nucleophosmin/B23), a phosphoprotein involved in nucleolar assembly, centrosome duplication and ribosome assembly and transport. Biochemical and immunocytochemistry analyses verified that the phospho-MKK1/MKK2 antibodies cross-reacted with NPM that was phosphorylated at Thr234 and Thr237 during G2/M-phase, which are the same sites that are targeted by Cdc2 (cell division cycle protein-2) during mitosis. Using phosphorylation site mutants, we show that phosphorylation of Thr234 and Thr237 is required for NPM immunoreactivity with the phospho-MKK1/MKK2 antibody. Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr234 and Thr237 was demonstrated to regulate NPM localization to the centrosome after nuclear envelope breakdown in mitotic cells. These findings reveal a new insight into the role of phosphorylation in regulating NPM targeting during mitosis. However, caution should be used when using commercially available phospho-MKK1/MKK2 antibodies to examine the regulation of MKK1/MKK2 during mitotic transitions, owing to their cross-reactivity with phosphorylated NPM at this time of the cell cycle.
Unequivocal Evidence for a Liquid−Gas Phase Transition in Monolayers of Decanol Adsorbed at the Air/Water Interface (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUnequivocal Evidence for a Liquid−Gas Phase Transition in Monolayers of Decanol Adsorbed at the Air/Water InterfaceBrian D. Casson and Colin D. BainView Author Information Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11, 2615–2616Publication Date (Web):March 4, 1999Publication History Received21 October 1998Published online4 March 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja983675zCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (36 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Equilibrium,Interfaces,Liquids,Monolayers,Phase transitions Get e-Alerts
Image coding using lattice vector quantization of wavelet coefficients (1991)

An image coding scheme has been introduced by the authors (see IEEE ICASSP, p.2297, 1990). This scheme involves two steps. A biorthogonal wavelet transform is applied to the original image, and wavelet coefficients are then vector quantized using the LBG (Linde, Buzo and Gray, 1980) method. The purpose of this work is to propose a new scheme for vector quantization of wavelet coefficients. The proposed method is based on lattice vector quantization. The application of the D/sub 4/, E/sub 8/ and Barnes-Wall Lambda /sub 16/ lattices is investigated. These lattices are used to encode wavelet coefficients whose PDFs are close to Laplacian. A variable-length coding method is applied and the trade-off between distortion and optimal rate is investigated. Experimental results on the Lena image using the Lambda /sub 16/ lattice leads to a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 31.14 dB at 0.08 bpp. This result outperforms, to the authors knowledge, all other methods. Edges which are most of interest for image analysis are particularly sharp without any smoothing artefacts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Candida tropicalis and Pachysolen tannophilus for conversion of xylose to ethanol (1982)

Production of ethanol by Pachysolen tannophilus can take place under either aerobic or strictly anaerobic conditions, with Candida tropicalis ATCC 1369, the conversion requires oxygen. Although P. tannophilus generally forms ethanol in higher concentrations and under a wider range of conditions than does C. tropicalis, the specific rates of ethanol production by immobilized cells of the two organisms are similar in shake flasks (0.22 and 0.20 g/g dry wt. cells/day, respectively). P. tannophilus immobilized in a column of calcium alginate beads continuously forms up to 0.38M ethanol from 0.5M xylose for three weeks; under similar conditions, C. tropicalis escapes from the beads and clogs recirculation lines. 4 figures, 2 tables.
Randomized clinical trial of symptom control after stapled anopexy or diathermy excision for haemorrhoid prolapse (2009)

ISRCTN68315343 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
ON SOME PELAGIC POLYCHAETA FROM THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC NORTH OF LATITUDE 40° N. AND EAST OF LONGITUDE 175° W. (1957)

Two species (Otopsis longipes Ditlevsen and Epidiopatra hupferiana Augener) new to the Pacific Ocean and four new to it north of latitude 40° N. (Phalocrophorus pictus Greef, Plotohelmis tenuis (Apstein), Tomopteris cavallii Rosa, and Travisiopsis lobifera Levinsen) are recorded. Four others, one of which (Typhloscolex mülleri Busch) was taken at a more northerly latitude in the northeast Pacific than previously, are also listed.
Understanding the Impact of Emerging Non-Volatile Memories on High-Performance, IO-Intensive Computing (2010)

Emerging storage technologies such as flash memories, phase-change memories, and spin-transfer torque memories are poised to close the enormous performance gap between disk-based storage and main memory. We evaluate several approaches to integrating these memories into computer systems by measuring their impact on IO-intensive, database, and memory-intensive applications. We explore several options for connecting solid-state storage to the host system and find that the memories deliver large gains in sequential and random access performance, but that different system organizations lead to different performance trade-offs. The memories provide substantial application-level gains as well, but overheads in the OS, file system, and application can limit performance. As a result, fully exploiting these memories' potential will require substantial changes to application and system software. Finally, paging to fast non-volatile memories is a viable option for some applications, providing an alternative to expensive, powerhungry DRAM for supporting scientific applications with large memory footprints.
Dialkylformamldines: depurination resistant N<sup>6</sup>-protecting group for deoxyadenosine (1983)

Sterically hindered N6-dialkylformamidine protected deoxyadenosine is more stable to acidic depurination than N6-benzoyldeoxyadenosine and is potentially a valuable protecting group in the synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides.
Brain angiotensin AT<sub>1</sub>receptors as specific regulators of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychoemotional stress (2010)

1. Cardiovascular reactivity, an abrupt rise in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in response to psychoemotional stress, is a risk factor for heart disease. Pharmacological and molecular genetic studies suggest that brain angiotensin (Ang) II and AT(1) receptors are required for the normal expression of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to various psychological stressors. Moreover, overactivity of the brain AngII system may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular reactivity in hypertension. 2. Conversely, brain AT(1) receptors appear to be less important for the regulation of sympathetic cardiovascular responses to a range of stressors involving an immediate physiological threat (physical stressors) in animal models. 3. Apart from threatening events, appetitive stimuli can induce a distinct, central nervous system-mediated rise in BP. However, evidence indicates that brain AT(1) receptors are not essential for the regulation of cardiovascular arousal associated with positively motivated behaviour, such as anticipation and the consumption of palatable food. The role of central AT(1) receptors in regulating cardiovascular activation elicited by other types of appetitive stimuli remains to be determined. 4. Emerging evidence also indicates that brain AT(1) receptors play a limited role in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to non-emotional natural daily activities, sleep and exercise. 5. Collectively, these findings suggest that, with respect to cardiovascular arousal, central AT(1) receptors may be involved primarily in the regulation of the defence response. Therefore, these receptors could be a potential therapeutic target for selective attenuation of BP hyperreactivity to aversive stressors, without altering physiologically important cardiovascular adjustments to normal daily activities, sleep and exercise.
Mice protected by oral immunization with<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>secreting fusion protein of<i>Escherichia coli</i>enterotoxin subunit protein (2007)

A green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was ligated to the Lactobacillus reuteri-specific nisin-inducible expression-secretion vector pNIES, generating a pNIES-GFP vector capable of secreting the cloned gene as a GFP-fusion protein with fluorescent activity. To develop this system as a live vehicle carrying the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and heat-labile enterotoxin B (LT(B)) of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a recombinant 5'-ST-LT(B)-3' DNA fragment was cloned into pNIES-GFP. The resulting L. reuteri/pNIES-GFP:STLT(B) system was found to possess the capability of adhering to the mice gut, secreting GFP:STLT(B) product at 0.14 and 0.026 pgcell(-1) under induced and noninduced conditions, respectively. Further analysis of the GFP:STLT(B) product confirmed its ganglioside-binding ability, LT(B) antigenicity and relative freedom from the ST-associated toxicity, making it suitable for use as an oral vaccine in mice. Oral inoculation of the L. reuteri/pNIES-GFP:STLT(B) culture in mice elicited significant (P<0.01) serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies against the STLT(B) antigen. These immunized mice were subsequently challenged with ETEC and showed full protection against the fluid influx response in the gut. This is the first report of using L. reuteri as a vaccine carrier to induce complete immunologic protection against ETEC.
Comparison of ultrasound scattering properties of Optison(R) with a liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticle contrast agent (2002)

Previously we reported that useful ultrasound contrast enhancement could be obtained using a liquid emulsion contrast agent developed in our laboratory. The physical basis for this enhancement was unknown at the time of our report, although the effect was reproducible, in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesize that microbubble formation does not play a significant role in the acoustic behavior of these contrast agents, otherwise attenuation and backscatter would be. significantly affected by changes in hydrostatic pressure, acoustic pressure, and show evidence of scattering agent destruction as the duration of ultrasound exposure increased. Measurements of attenuation coefficient and backscatter of Optison and the emulsion were made in a water bath maintained at temperatures ranging from 37/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/C. The emulsion nanoparticles were produced by methods standard in our laboratory using perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB: boiling point 142/spl deg/C) or perfluorooctane (PFO: boiling point 99/spl deg/C) as the major component. Particle size was measured at 435 and 375 /spl plusmn/ 30 nm respectively. We varied ambient hydrostatic pressure (-50 to 200 mm Hg in 50 mm steps), duration of exposure to insonifying acoustic field (2, 20, 40, 80 s), peak positive and negative acoustic pressure (0.038 to 3.0 MPa).
Fully automated partial volume correction in PET based on a wavelet approach without the use of anatomical information (2007)

A well-known consequence of the limited spatial resolution in positron emission tomography is partial volume effects (PVE). These latter hamper accurate quantification by attenuating intensity in areas of size similar to the point spread function, and by inducing cross-contamination in adjacent tissues. Most existing PVE correction methods necessitate the segmentation of tissues either from MRI or CT images. Moreover, adequate tissue correlation between PET and MRI or CT is mandatory and difficult to achieve especially because of physiological motion of organs, patient uncontrollable movement in a more general sense, and possible difference in tissue homogeneity. In a previous work we proposed a method aiming at producing PVE corrected images without drawing regions of interest. On the other hand, this methodology requires an anatomical image and consequently, the correction suffers from the limitations related to the tissue spatial correlation described above. In the present article, we describe a modification of this algorithm eliminating the need for the use of anatomical images but keeping all of the advantages of the previously described approach. The basic modification is based on the use of iterative deconvolution of the PET image for the creation of the high resolution information instead of the anatomical image. In addition, noise propagation typical of deconvolution is suppressed by using a specific thresholding in the wavelet domain. An initial evaluation of this new methodology was performed on a series of 39 PET images (24 from patients and 15 simulated) in both oncology and brain domains. Results demonstrate large improvements in quantitative accuracy along with significant image enhancement. The approach lead to images with better delineated tissues and organs, without losing the functional information of emission tomography.
Studies on the Plant-Hormones (1956)

From the results obtained from the series of the studies1, 2, 3), the authors have taken interest in the plant hormone activity of 1, 2-dihydro-naphthoic acid-(1). This substance was synthetized by the following new method. Synthesis of 1, 2-dihydro-naphthoic acid-(1) (IX): 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydronaphthoic acid-(1) (V) or its ester (VI) was brominated with N-bromo-succinimide and then the mono-bromide produced was dehydrobrominated or concurrently hydrolyzed by refluxing with a theoretical amount of 10 per cent solution of methanolic potash. The crude acid obtained (IX and I) was recrystallized from methyl acetate, and pure acid (IX), m.p. 98°, was isolated in a yield of 40-60 per cent of the starting substances (V) or (VI) (cf.Figure 1). The acid (IX), thus obtain_??_was found to differ remarkably in m.p. fr_??_those substances previously reported by t two workers4, 5). Nevertheless, the followi_??_ experiments, indicate that the newly synth tized acid (IX) is undoubtedly 1, 2-dihydx naphthoic acid-(1). Confirmation of chemical structure of t_??_acid (IX): 1) Absorbing I mol. of hydrogen throu_??_catalytic hydrogenation, acid (IX) ga 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthoic acid-(1) qua titatively (Figure 1). 2) Acid (IX) was stable in hot alkali_??_solution, in which 1, 4-dihydro-naphthoic aci (1) (III) was labile to give 3, 4-dihydr naphthoic acid-(1) (IV) (Figure 1). 3) Both dibromo- and dihydroxy-deriv tives of acid (IX) showed higher melti_??_points than those of the homologues deriv_??_from 3, 4-dihydro(IV) and 1, 4-dihydro-nap thoic acid-(1) (III) (Table I). 4) Acid (IX) was oxidized with 1 p cent solution of potassium permanganate stepwise, and phthalic acid (XIII) was fin_??_ly obtained via glycolic acid (XI) and tric_??_boxylic acid (XII) (cf. Figure 2). Plant growth activity of the acid (IX): T results of plant hormone activity tests rev_??_that the acid is a strong plant hormo substance (Table II).
Time-of-flight depth image denoising using prior noise information (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel way of using time-of-flight camera depth and amplitude images to reduce the noise in depth images with prior knowledge of spatial noise distribution, which is correlated with the incident light falling on each pixel. The denoising is done in wavelet space and the influence and implications of the extended noise model to wavelet space and common denoising methods are shown.
Silicon Substrate Removal of GaN DHFETs for Enhanced (<1100 V) Breakdown Voltage (2010)

In this letter, we present a novel approach to enhance the breakdown voltage <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{\rm BD})$</tex></formula> for AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double-heterostructure FETs (DHFETs), grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on Si (111) substrates through a silicon-substrate-removal and a layer-transfer process. Before removing the Si substrate, both buffer isolation test structures and DHFET devices showed a saturation of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> due to the electrical breakdown through the Si substrate. We observed a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> saturation of 500 V for isolation gaps larger than 6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> . After Si removal, we measured a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD}$</tex></formula> enhancement of the AlGaN buffer to 1100 V for buffer isolation structures with an isolation gap of 12 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> . The DHFET devices with a gate–drain <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $(L_{\rm GD})$</tex></formula> distance of 15 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> have a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V_{\rm BD} > \hbox{1100}\ \hbox{V}$</tex></formula> compared with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex></formula> 300 V for devices with Si substrate. Moreover, from Hall measurements, we conclude that the substrate-removal and layer-transfer processes have no impact on the 2-D electron gas channel properties.