gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weight windows &#x2014; An improved approach (2014)

Weight windows are an important part of spectral analysis, especially in radar Doppler processing. Presently their study is in a stalemate, accepting the present tradeoff between mainlobe width and sidelobes attenuation as a fait accompli. An exception is Stankwitz et. al. Apodization technique for sidelobe reduction in SAR images. Our paper suggests an improved approach to windowing with performances expected from “Tri-Apodization” but with computational complexity of “Dual Apodization”. The new approach achieves smaller SNR loss than a single low-sidelobes window. Basically the processor performs two FFTs following different windows and chooses the minimum at each output element. The predicted improved performances are confirmed by results from measured radar data.
Detail Preserved Surface Reconstruction from Point Cloud (2019)

In this paper, we put forward a new method for surface reconstruction from image-based point clouds. In particular, we introduce a new visibility model for each line of sight to preserve scene details without decreasing the noise filtering ability. To make the proposed method suitable for point clouds with heavy noise, we introduce a new likelihood energy term to the total energy of the binary labeling problem of Delaunay tetrahedra, and we give its <i>s</i>-<i>t</i> graph implementation. Besides, we further improve the performance of the proposed method with the dense visibility technique, which helps to keep the object edge sharp. The experimental result shows that the proposed method rivalled the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and completeness, and performed better with reference to detail preservation.
Role of cadherins 5 and 13 in the aortic endothelial barrier (1997)

We investigated the role of the cadherins 5 and 13 in the solute barrier formed by aortic endothelial cells in vitro. In confluent monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells, immunofluorescence with antibodies to the external domain of cadherin 5 (Mab 9H7) or to cadherin 13 (Mab Ec6C10) found staining for both cadherins at endothelial cell borders. Western blotting with an antibody to the characteristic cadherin cytoplasmic tail or with an antibody to the extracellular domain of cadherin 5 revealed a single 125 kD protein band. A second larger band was found at 130 kD with the anti-cadherin 13 Mab which was not recognized by an antibody to the cadherin cytoplasmic tail. A calcium switch strategy was used to investigate the involvement of these cadherins in the endothelial barrier. Changes in the permeability of small solutes in an endothelial cell column produced by a decrease in calcium concentration followed by a return to normal calcium, with or without antibody, were recorded. We found that anti-cadherin 5 IgG (10 micrograms/ml) interfered with the reforming of interendothelial junctions after restoration of calcium at every time point tested for a total of 45 min after restoration of calcium. The anti-cadherin 13 IgG (10 micrograms/ml) did not block reforming of the endothelial barrier in a similar manner. The presence of this antibody delayed only by 15 min the restoration of the normal barrier. Without calcium switch, addition of either monoclonal antibody (10 micrograms/ml) to the endothelial cell column had no effect on solute permeability. These results suggest that cadherin 5 in bovine aortic endothelial cells has a major functional role in forming the calcium-sensitive endothelial junction in vitro and may play an important role in the normal structure and function of the in vivo barrier.
<title>Synergistic combination of document security techniques</title> (2000)

The value of security features tends to decrease gradually, partly because of the continuously increasing ability of counterfeiters to counterfeit or imitate these features and partly because of the increasing capability and availability of equipment. As a countermeasure, numerous non-iridescent and iridescent optically variable devices (OVDs) are continuously being developed. The former comprise novel laser engraving techniques, the latter DOVIDs and ISISs. Although these novel techniques appear highly effective, there are indications that they are beginning to fail, not in the least because organized crime appears to have acquired some of those newer techniques. The response is the synergistic combination of those techniques, which combination expectedly remains beyond the capability of criminal organizations. This ongoing development is currently providing new and exciting security potential. Examples are combinations of diffractive and interference phenomena and of laser perforation techniques with OVDs. The latter combination provide strong protection against counterfeiting as well as forgery.
Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Measured by Ultrasonography Correlates with Hyperlipidemia and Steatohepatitis in Obese Children (2015)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured by ultrasonography (US) and serum lipid profile and liver transaminases in obese children. Methods: One hundred and sixty-six children diagnosed with obesity from May 2001 to December 2013 were included in this study. Data on serum lipid profile and liver transaminases were collected from clinical records. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and grade of hepatic steatosis were evaluated by US. Results: Of the 166 children, 107 were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis by US, 46 with grade I, 56 with grade II, and five children with grade III. According to the grade of hepatic steasosis, the average values of midline abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and right flank abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured 2.90.8 cm and 1.90.7 cm in the normal group, 3.30.8 cm and 2.00.7 cm in grade I, 3.80.8 cm and 2.30.8 cm in grade II, and 4.10.8 cm and 2.81.4 cm in grade III, respectively. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with grade of hepatic steatosis (p0.01). In addition, abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness correlated with concentration of serum lipids and liver transaminases in the age group of 12-14 years (p0.01).
Cellobiohydrolase Hydrolyzes Crystalline Cellulose on Hydrophobic Faces (2011)

Biodegradation of plant biomass is a slow process in nature, and hydrolysis of cellulose is also widely considered to be a rate-limiting step in the proposed industrial process of converting lignocellulosic materials to biofuels. It is generally known that a team of enzymes including endo- and exocellulases as well as cellobiases are required to act synergistically to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose. The detailed molecular mechanisms of these enzymes have yet to be convincingly elucidated. In this report, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to image in real-time the structural changes in Valonia cellulose crystals acted upon by the exocellulase cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) from Trichoderma reesei. Under AFM, single enzyme molecules could be observed binding only to one face of the cellulose crystal, apparently the hydrophobic face. The surface roughness of cellulose began increasing after adding CBH I, and the overall size of cellulose crystals decreased during an 11-h period. Interestingly, this size reduction apparently occurred only in the width of the crystal, whereas the height remained relatively constant. In addition, the measured cross-section shape of cellulose crystal changed from asymmetric to nearly symmetric. These observed changes brought about by CBH I action may constitute the first direct visualization supporting the idea that the exocellulase selectively hydrolyzes the hydrophobic faces of cellulose. The limited accessibility of the hydrophobic faces in native cellulose may contribute significantly to the rate-limiting slowness of cellulose hydrolysis.
A comparison on thickening effects of medical hormone and plant growth regulators upon Eucommia ulmoides Bark (2000)

The thickening effects of medical hormone and plant grouth regulators on the bark of 6-year Eucommia ulmoides trees were compared. The results showed that medical hormone made the bark thickness increased to 3.5 mm in one year growth period, 2.2 times as thick as the contrast position. The increase by medical hormone was 20% more than ABT1~(), 37% more than NAA. Xylem of trunk thickened obviously at the same time while the bark was thickened.
Molecular Basis of Altered Enzyme Specificities in a Family of Mutant Amidases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1979)

A family of mutant amidases has been derived by experimental evolution of the aliphatic amidase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAC1. Mutation amiE16, in the structural gene for the enzyme, results in the production of the mutant B amidase by strain B6. This strain, unlike the wild-type, can utilize butyramide for growth. Strain B6 gave rise by a single mutational event to strain V9, utilizing valeramide, and strain PhB3, utilizing phenylacetamide. Strain V9 was not itself able to utilize phenylacetamide but gave rise by mutation to the phenylacetamide-utilizing mutant PhV1. Peptide 108 was isolated from chymotryptic digests of mutant amidases from strains B6, PhB3 and PhV1, but could not be detected in chymotryptic digests of the wild-type amidase. The sequence of peptide 108 was established as Met-Arg-His-Gly-Asp-Ile-Phe. Thermolytic digests of mutant amidases from strains B6, PhB3, PhV1 and V9 were compared with digests of the wild-type amidase. A peptide of the composition Met, Arg, His, Gly2, Asp3, Ile, Ser3, Thr, Val was found in the digest of the wild-type amidase and was replaced in the digests of the mutant amidases by a peptide of the composition Met, Arg, His, Gly2, Asp3, Ile, Ser3, Thr, Val, Phe. Mutation amiE16 is common to the four mutant enzymes and can be accounted for by the mutation Ser leads to Phe. The sequence of the chymotryptic peptide corresponds with the N-terminal sequence of the amidase protein, and can also be related to the thermolysin peptides. It is concluded that mutation amiE16 is a Ser leads to Phe change at position 7 from the N-terminus and the effect of this on the enzyme conformation is discussed.
Porous silk fibroin 3‐D scaffolds for delivery of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2006)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays a key role in osteogenesis. Biomaterials used for the sustained delivery of BMP-2 in vivo have shown therapeutic benefits. In the present study, BMP-2 was loaded in porous silk fibroin scaffolds derived from silkworm cocoons (2.4 +/- 0.14 microg per scaffold). The release profile of BMP-2 under dynamic culture conditions (spinner flasks) showed that after 1 week in culture 25% of the initial BMP-2 was retained adsorbed to the scaffold; up to 4 weeks no additional BMP-2 was released. BMP-2 induced human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation when the seeded scaffolds were cultured in medium supplemented with osteogenic stimulants for 4 weeks, based on elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and transcript levels for bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, osteocalcin, BMP-2, and cbfa-1. Micro-computed tomography revealed densely deposited mineral at the center of the scaffolds. In contrast, hMSCs cultured in control scaffolds (no BMP-2) exhibited limited osteogenesis. When implanted in critical sized cranial defects in mice, scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 and seeded with hMSCs resulted in significant bone ingrowth. These results were qualitatively similar to scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 but no hMSCs or with BMP-2 and hMSCs but not pregrown into bone-like tissue. Bone-related outcomes were improved when compared with the scaffold controls implanted without BMP-2. These studies illustrate the potential use of slow degrading silk fibroin 3-D scaffolds loaded with BMP-2, in combination with hMSCs, in osteogenesis studies in vitro and in vivo, and provide a new range of material properties for these applications.
Application of Highly Ordered TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays in Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

TiO(2) nanotube arrays prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti foils show impressive light to electricity conversion efficiency in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The length of the TiO(2) nanotube arrays (5-14 microm) was controlled by varying the anodization time from 2 to 20 h. The influence of nanotube lengths on the photovoltaic performance of DSCs was investigated by impedance. A flexible DSC using TiO(2) nanotube arrays on a Ti foil as a working electrode and polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) as counterelectrode in combination with solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte achieved 3.6% photovoltaic conversion efficiency under simulated AM 1.5 sunlight.
MsrR contributes to cell surface characteristics and virulence in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

MsrR, a factor contributing to methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, belongs to the LytR-CpsA-Psr family of cell envelope-associated proteins. Deletion of msrR increased cell size and aggregation, and altered envelope properties, leading to a temporary reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity, diminished colony-spreading ability, and an increased susceptibility to Congo red. The reduced phosphorus content of purified cell walls of the msrR mutant suggested a reduction in wall teichoic acids, which may explain some of the observed phenotypes. Microarray analysis of the msrR deletion mutant revealed only minor changes in the global transcriptome, suggesting that MsrR has structural rather than regulatory functions. Importantly, virulence of the msrR mutant was decreased in a nematode-killing assay as well as in rat experimental endocarditis. MsrR is therefore likely to play a role in cell envelope maintenance, cell separation, and pathogenicity of S. aureus.
Tooling Metamodels with Patterns and OCL (2003)

Computing is moving to a new paradigm where models are first class artefacts. Metamodelling is one of the foundations of this future. However, it is all very well to have metamodels and languages with which to define them (i.e. MOF), but what should we do with them once they are defined? One task should be to populate the model described by the metamodel definition and ensure that the well-formedness constraints are correctly specified; another task may be to create a tool based on the metamodel. In order to enable experiments with variations in the metamodel an automated approach to building such tools is required. Judicious use of patterns can facilitate automatic generation of such tools. The ability to auto-generate a tool from a metamodel definition facilitates experimentation and general confidence in the definition of the metamodel. The tool generated can be subsequently used as the foundation for a more functionally rich hand-coded tool.
Ovarian cancer: emerging concept on cancer stem cells (2008)

Emerging evidence suggests that the capacity of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. In fact, cancer cells, like stem cells, can proliferate indefinitely through a dysregulated cellular self-renewal capacity. Cancer stem cells may originate due to the distribution into self-renewal and differentiation pathways occurring in multi-potential stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells, progenitor cells and cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that ovarian cancer also contains stem cells or tumor-initiating cells. Moreover, ovarian serous adenocarcinomas were disaggregated and subjected to growth conditions to select for self-renewing, non-adherent spheroids previously shown to be derived from tissue stem cells. A recent study showed that epithelial ovarian cancer was derived from a sub population of CD44+, CD117+ and CD133+ cells. The existence of cancer stem cells would explain why only a small minority of cancer cells is capable of extensive proliferation of the tumor. In this review, we have discussed the studies on ovarian cancer stem cells along with the molecular pathways that could be involved in these cancer stem cells.
Efficient similarity search in streaming time sequences (2004)

Query processing in data streams is a very important research direction. The challenge in a database of data streams is to provide efficient algorithms and access methods for query processing, taking into consideration the fact that the database changes continuously as new data arrive. Traditional access methods that continuously update the data are considered inefficient, due to the significant update costs. In this paper we present IDC-Index, an efficient technique for similarity query processing in streaming time sequences, which is based on a multidimensional access method enhanced with a deferred update policy and an incremental computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which is used as a feature extraction method. The method manages to reduce the number of false alarms examined and therefore achieves high answers/candidates ratio. Moreover, an extensive performance evaluation based on synthetic random walk and real time sequences have shown that the proposed technique outperforms significantly existing approaches for similarity range query processing.
Sensitized Lymphocytes and CD40 Ligation Augment Interleukin‐12 Production by Human Dendritic Cells in Response to<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that can stimulate T cell responses by secreting cytokines. During Toxoplasma gondii infection, host immunity is mediated by interferon-gamma, which is induced by interleukin-12 (IL-12). Whether T. gondii infection would stimulate human DC to produce IL-12 was determined. DC were generated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant human IL-4. DC secreted high levels of IL-12 in response to lipopolysaccharide but not to either live T. gondii tachyzoites or soluble antigen. However, IL-12 production in response to T. gondii was observed when DC were cocultured in contact with lymphocytes isolated from seropositive donors. Ligation of CD40:CD154 was partially essential for IL-12 secretion. These data demonstrate that signals obtained from contact with sensitized lymphocytes are critical for human DC to secrete IL-12 in response to T. gondii.
Colocalization of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate‐1 to caveolae in primary human adipocytes (2004)

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with several functions, one of which appears to be to organize receptor mediated signalling. Here we report that in primary human subcutaneous adipocytes the insulin receptor was localized to caveolae by electron microscopy/immunogold detection and by isolating caveolae from plasma membranes. Part of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), the immediate downstream signal mediator, was colocalized with the insulin receptor in the plasma membrane and caveolae, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunogold electron microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy of transfected recombinant HA-IRS1. In contrast, rat epididymal adipocytes lacked IRS1 at the plasma membrane. Depletion of cholesterol from the cells using beta-cyclodextrin blocked insulin stimulation of glucose uptake, insulin inhibition of perilipin phosphorylation in response to isoproterenol, and insulin stimulation of protein kinase B and Map-kinases extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS1 was not affected, indicating that caveolae integrity is required downstream of IRS1. In conclusion we show that insulin receptor and IRS1 are both caveolar proteins and that caveolae are required for both metabolic and mitogenic control in human adipocytes. Our results establish caveolae as foci of insulin action and stress the importance of examining human cells in addition to animal cells and cell lines.
Stream-Based Admission Control and Scheduling for Video Transcoding in Cloud Computing (2013)

This paper presents a novel approach for stream-based admission control and job scheduling for video transcoding called SBACS (Stream-Based Admission Control and Scheduling). SBACS uses queue waiting time of transcoding servers to make admission control decisions for incoming video streams. It implements stream-based admission control with per stream admission. To ensure efficient utilization of the transcoding servers, video streams are segmented at the Group of Pictures level. In addition to the traditional rejection policy, SBACS also provides a stream deferment policy, which exploits cloud elasticity to allow temporary deferment of the incoming video streams. In other words, the admission controller can decide to admit, defer, or reject an incoming stream and hence reduce rejection rate. In order to prevent transcoding jitters in the admitted streams, we introduce a job scheduling mechanism, which drops a small proportion of video frames from a video segment to ensure continued delivery of video contents to the user. The approach is demonstrated in a discrete-event simulation with a series of experiments involving different load patterns and stream arrival rates.
Mimicking Biological Structured Surfaces by Phase-Separation Micromolding (2009)

In this letter, we present a very convenient and efficient technique of direct replication of biological structures via a two-step phase-separation micromolding process (PSmicroM). Our study has demonstrated that PSmicroM can be used to replicate the surface structure of a lotus leaf. On one hand, the micro/nanostructures of the lotus leaf are well replicated after a two-step PSmicroM. On the other hand, the replicated artificial lotus leaf shows good superhydrophobicity, similar to that of the natural lotus leaf. In addition, we have also applied the same technique to replicate a rice leaf and have confirmed that replicated artificial rice leaves can exhibit not only a very similar structure of the natural rice leaf but also surface anisotropic wetting. It is greatly anticipated that this PSmicroM can be extended to mimic many other biostructures, therefore opening new avenues for surface molecular engineering.
Efficacy and Safety of Abatacept in Lupus Nephritis: A Twelve‐Month, Randomized, Double‐Blind Study (2013)

Although the primary end point was not met, abatacept showed evidence of biologic activity and was well tolerated in patients with active class III or IV lupus nephritis.
<i>O</i>-Debenzylation of a Pyrrolo[2,1-<i>c</i>][1,4]benzodiazepine in the Presence of a Carbinolamine Functionality: Synthesis of DC-81 (1990)

In contrast to other methods of reduction, catalytic transfer hydrogenation allows debenzylation of a phenolic hydroxyl in a carbinolamine-containing pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine, while leaving the biologically-important carbinolamine moiety intact. This has been demonstrated by synthesis of the naturally occurring anti-tumour antibiotic DC-81 (10). An efficient synthesis of 4-benzyloxy-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid (5), an important intermediate in the production of certain pyrrolobenzodiazepine antitumour agents, is also reported.
The apolipoprotein E E4 allele and sex-specific risk of Alzheimer's disease (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently, Dr Payami and colleagues proposed a difference in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk between men and women who have one copy of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) E4 allele.<sup>1</sup>Specifically, they suggested that men with no or one copy of<i>E4</i>(the<i>E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4</i>, and<i>E3/E4</i>genotypes) have a decreased risk of AD compared with men with two copies (the<i>E4/E4</i>genotype), while women with no copy of<i>E4</i>have a decreased risk of AD compared with those with one or two copies. Our studies do not suggest this sex-specific pattern of risk.<sup>2,3</sup>We find instead that risk of AD, both familial and sporadic (ie, no family history), increases with the number of<i>E4</i>alleles in men and women. The<i>E4</i>gene dose effect was initially found in 234 members of 42 AD families older than 60 years and can be seen when