gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Neuronal Synchronization during Experimental Seizures (2002)

Synchronization between CA1 pyramidal neurons was studied using dual-cell patch-clamp techniques simultaneous with an extracellular measurement of network activity. We explored various linear and nonlinear methods to detect weak synchronization in this network, using cross-correlation, mutual information in one and two dimensions, and phase correlation in both broad and narrow band. The linear and nonlinear methods demonstrated different patterns of sensitivity to detect synchrony in this network, depending on the dynamical state of the network. Bursts in 4-amino-pyridine (4AP) were highly synchronous events. Unexpectedly, seizure-like events in 4AP were desynchronous events, both in comparison with interictal periods preceding the seizure without bursts (cut Schaffer collateral tract) and in comparison with bursts preceding the seizures (intact Schaffer collateral tract). The finding that seizure-like events are associated with desynchronization in such networks is consistent with recent theoretical work, suggesting that asynchrony is necessary to maintain a high level of activity in neuronal networks for sustained periods of time and that synchrony may disrupt such activity.
Evaluating Adversarial Interfaces: An Automated Approach (2016)

Contrary to the idealistic notion that human-computer interfaces are designed to actively help users accomplish their goals, millions of people who use the World Wide Web every day encounter a wide variety of interfaces that aggressively divert users toward the goals of the designer and away from those of the user. We label such strategies "adversarial interface design." Techniques of adversarial design include coercion, confusion, distraction, exploiting errors, forced work, interruption, manipulating navigation, obfuscation, restricting functionality, shock, and trickery [10]. See Figure 1 for several illustrations of these techniques. A key distinction of adversarial design from bad design is the deliberate attempt by the designer to manipulate the user or subvert user intentions.
Epigenetic Modifiers in Immunotherapy: a Focus on Checkpoint Inhibitors (2016)

Immune surveillance should be directed to suppress tumor development and progression, involving a balance of coinhibitory and costimulatory signals that amplify immune response without overwhelming the host. Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit in 'immunogenic tumors', whereas in other tumors the responses are modest. Thus, immune checkpoint inhibitors may need to be combined with strategies to boost immune response or increase the tumor immune profile. Epigenetic aberrations contribute significantly to carcinogenesis. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic drugs prime the immune response by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens and immune-related genes, as well as modulating chemokines and cytokines involved in immune system activation. This review describes our current understanding regarding epigenetic and immunotherapy combination, focusing on immune response priming to checkpoint blockade.
Alfuzosin, a selective α<sub>1</sub>‐adrenoceptor antagonist in the lower urinary tract (1993)

1. Phenylephrine-induced contractions of rabbit isolated trigone and urethra were antagonized in a competitive manner by alfuzosin (pA2 7.44 and 7.30, respectively) and prazosin. 2. The characteristics of [3H]-prazosin binding to human prostatic adenoma tissue were evaluated. [3H]-prazosin was potently displaced by alpha 1-adrenoceptor specific agents including alfuzosin, its (+)- and (-)-enantiomers and prazosin (IC50 0.035, 0.023, 0.019 and 0.004 microM, respectively), but only weakly by alpha 2-adrenoceptor selective agents, for example, yohimbine (IC50 = 6.0 microM). 3. In the pithed rat, alfuzosin (0.03-0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.) markedly inhibited pressor responses produced by the alpha 1-selective agonist, cirazoline but inhibited only slightly responses to the alpha 2-selective agonist, UK 14,304. Alfuzosin (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) had minimal effects against responses mediated by stimulation of prejunctional alpha 2-receptors (UK 14,304-induced inhibition of sympathetic tachycardia). 4. In the anaesthetized cat, alfuzosin (0.001-1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and prazosin (0.001-0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.) produced dose-related inhibition of the increases in urethral pressure caused by stimulation of sympathetic hypogastric nerves. Prazosin was approximately 5 fold more potent than alfuzosin. When phenylephrine was employed to induce urethral and vascular alpha 1-mediated tone simultaneously, prazosin inhibited both stimuli with similar potency whereas alfusozin was 3-5 fold more potent against elevated urethral pressure. This functional uroselectivity of alfuzosin was more evident by the intraduodenal route, since doses of 0.03 and 0.1 mg kg-1 alfuzosin inhibited urethral pressure with minimal effects on arterial blood pressure. 5. Alfuzosin is a potent selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist in tissues of the lower urinary tract including the human prostate. This provides a pharmacological basis for its use in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Public feedback for better banknote design (2006)

The euro banknotes recently celebrated their 4th year anniversary (2002 − 2006)! DNB has monitored the Dutch public's acceptance of the euro banknotes through surveys in 2002, 2003 and 2005, contrasting its findings with those for the former guilder notes as well as the results of other recent consumer surveys conducted by the US Treasury (2002), Bank of Canada (2003) and several others. A unique time line is presented of the public's knowledge of security features in the Netherlands over the years 1983 − 2005.
Experimental Requirements for an Efficient Control of Free‐Radical Polymerizations via the Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Process (2006)

Abstract Summary: Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a recent and very versatile controlled radical polymerization technique that has enabled the synthesis of a wide range of macromolecules with well‐defined structures, compositions, and functionalities. The RAFT process is based on a reversible addition‐fragmentation reaction mediated by thiocarbonylthio compounds used as chain transfer agents (CTAs). A great variety of CTAs have been designed and synthesized so far with different kinds of substituents. In this review, all of the CTAs encountered in the literature from 1998 to date are reported and classified according to several criteria : i) the structure of their substituents, ii) the various monomers that they have been polymerized with, and iii) the type of polymerization that has been performed (solution, dispersed media, surface initiated, and copolymerization). Moreover, the influence of various parameters is discussed, especially the CTA structure relative to the monomer and the experimental conditions (temperature, pressure, initiation, CTA/initiator ratio, concentration), in order to optimise the kinetics and the efficiency of the molecular‐weight‐distribution control. Schematic of the RAFT polymerization. magnified image Schematic of the RAFT polymerization.
Molecular basis of LMAN1 in coordinating LMAN1-MCFD2 cargo receptor formation and ER-to-Golgi transport of FV/FVIII (2010)

The LMAN1-MCFD2 (lectin, mannose binding 1/multiple coagulation factor deficiency protein 2) cargo receptor complex transports coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). LMAN1 (ERGIC-53) is a hexameric transmembrane protein with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) on the ER luminal side. Here, we show that mutations in the first beta sheet of the CRD abolish MCFD2 binding without affecting the mannose binding, suggesting that LMAN1 interacts with MCFD2 through its N-terminal beta sheet, consistent with recently reported crystal structures of the CRD-MCFD2 complex. Mutations in the Ca(2+)- and sugar-binding sites of the CRD disrupt FV and FVIII interactions, without affecting MCFD2 binding. This interaction is independent of MCFD2, as LMAN1 mutants defective in MCFD2 binding can still interact with FVIII. Thus, the CRD of LMAN1 contains distinct, separable binding sites for both its partner protein (MCFD2) and the cargo proteins (FV/FVIII). Monomeric LMAN1 mutants are defective in ER exit and unable to interact with MCFD2, suggesting that the oligomerization of LMAN1 is necessary for its cargo receptor function. These results point to a central role of LMAN1 in regulating the binding in the ER and the subsequent release in the ERGIC of FV and FVIII.
Mesenchymal stem cells (2012)

<p>This book presents a comprehensive insight into the biology of adult stem cells and their utility in current regeneration therapies. The adult stem cell populations reviewed in this book include bone marrow derived MSCs, adipose derived stem cells (ASCs), umbilical cord blood stem cells, and placental stem cells. MSC circulation and trafficking, neuroprotective properties, and the nurturing roles and differentiation potential of multiple lineages have been discussed in details. In terms of therapeutic applications, the strengths of MSCs have been presented and their roles in disease treatments such as osteoarthritis, Huntington's disease, periodontal regeneration, and pancreatic islet transplantation have been discussed. <br/></p>
Jointly optimized trellis-coded residual vector quantization (2001)

The union of residual vector quantization (RVQ) and trellis-coded vector quantization (TCVQ) was considered by various authors where the emphasis was on the sequential design. We consider a new jointly optimized combination of RVQ and TCVQ with advantages in all categories. Necessary conditions for optimality of the jointly optimized trellis-coded residual vector quantizers (TCRVQ) are derived. A constrained direct sum tree structure is introduced that facilitates RVQ codebook partitioning. Simulation results for jointly optimized TCRVQ are presented for memoryless Gaussian, Laplacian, and uniform sources. The rate-distortion performance is shown to be better than RVQ and sequentially designed TCRVQ.
La responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración de Trabajo (2014)

El presente articulo tiene por objeto el examen de las sentencias mas relevantes dictadas por la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo de la Audiencia Nacional en materia de responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administracion de Trabajo. Se trata de sentencias en las que las cuantias reclamadas no suelen superar el limite que permite el acceso a la casacion, de aqui su interes, pues, de facto, la Audiencia se convierte en unica y definitiva instancia. Por lo demas, la sentencias contribuyen a configurar el estandar de lo que debe considerarse una buena gestion de los intereses publicos.
Some new indexes of cluster validity (1998)

We review two clustering algorithms (hard c-means and single linkage) and three indexes of crisp cluster validity (Hubert's statistics, the Davies-Bouldin index, and Dunn's index). We illustrate two deficiencies of Dunn's index which make it overly sensitive to noisy clusters and propose several generalizations of it that are not as brittle to outliers in the clusters. Our numerical examples show that the standard measure of interset distance (the minimum distance between points in a pair of sets) is the worst (least reliable) measure upon which to base cluster validation indexes when the clusters are expected to form volumetric clouds. Experimental results also suggest that intercluster separation plays a more important role in cluster validation than cluster diameter. Our simulations show that while Dunn's original index has operational flaws, the concept it embodies provides a rich paradigm for validation of partitions that have cloud-like clusters. Five of our generalized Dunn's indexes provide the best validation results for the simulations presented.
Electrostatically Force-Balanced Silicon Accelerometer (1991)

A low-cost silicon accelerometer intended for use in tactical missile and multisensor applications is presented. The proof mass, flexure, and frame structure are anisotropically etched from single-crystal silicon using semiconductor batch processing to yield 109 devices per wafer. This small, rugged accelerometer has inherently high gas damping, which is used to eliminate structural resonances. The accelerometer chips have been assembled into triad housings, along with hybrid preamp electronics, for testing. Test data on 10 g full-scale devices is presented; 100 g range accelerometers are being developed.
Nanoparticle-enabled phase control for arc welding of unweldable aluminum alloy 7075 (2019)

Lightweight materials are of paramount importance to reduce energy consumption and emissions in today's society. For materials to qualify for widespread use in lightweight structural assembly, they must be weldable or joinable, which has been a long-standing issue for high strength aluminum alloys, such as 7075 (AA7075) due to their hot crack susceptibility during fusion welding. Here, we show that AA7075 can be safely arc welded without hot cracks by introducing nanoparticle-enabled phase control during welding. Joints welded with an AA7075 filler rod containing TiC nanoparticles not only exhibit fine globular grains and a modified secondary phase, both which intrinsically eliminate the materials hot crack susceptibility, but moreover show exceptional tensile strength in both as-welded and post-weld heat-treated conditions. This rather simple twist to the filler material of a fusion weld could be generally applied to a wide range of hot crack susceptible materials.
A temperature adaptive piston design for swash plate type axial piston machines (2016)

The authors propose a temperature adaptive piston design for axial piston machines of swash plate type. The proposed piston helps to keep the film thickness between piston and cylinder close to optimal with respect to energy dissipation while operating temperature can change in a wide range. The authors utilize the thermal deformation of piston and cylinder, which varies with temperature, to design the interface that adapt the gap height to compensate the change of the fluid viscosity with the temperature. An in-house developed fluid-structure and thermal interaction model together with recently developed port and case temperature prediction model are used to analyze the piston/cylinder interface and to predict resulting part temperatures, deformations, the fluid film properties and resulting energy dissipation, friction and leakage of the proposed novel design. The results show a reduction of energy dissipation over a large range of operating temperature for the proposed design compared to the baseline design.
Receptor synergy of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor-I in myeloma cells that highly express IL-6 receptor α (2003)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a growth and antiapoptotic factor for human myeloma cells. The autocrine loop and increased expression of the growth factor receptors have been postulated as the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Here we show that IL-6 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptors in a human myeloma cell line, NOP2, highly expressing IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6R alpha) and in the IL-6R alpha-transfected U266 cell line. IL-6-dependent complex formation of IL-6R alpha with IGF-I receptor beta was found in NOP2 where IL-6R alpha colocalized with IGF-I receptors at lipid rafts. Moreover, the IL-6-induced phosphorylation of IGF-I receptor beta was not blocked by a Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) inhibitor. In addition to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, IL-6 stimulation led to the activation of Akt, presumably following the phosphorylation of IGF-I receptors. Thus, our results suggest that in NOP2, IL-6R alpha and IGF-I receptors exist on the plasma membrane in close proximity, facilitating the efficient assembly of 2 receptors in response to IL-6. The synergistic effects of highly expressed IL-6R alpha on IGF-I receptor-mediated signals provide a novel insight into the Jak-independent IL-6 signaling mechanism of receptor cross-talk in human myeloma cells.
Semantic parsing of street scenes from video (2012)

Semantic models of the environment can significantly improve navigation and decision making capabilities of autonomous robots or enhance level of human and robot interaction. We present a novel approach for semantic segmentation of street scene images into coherent regions, while simultaneously categorizing each region as one of the predefined categories representing commonly encountered object and background classes. We formulate the segmentation on small blob-based superpixels and exploit a visual vocabulary tree as an intermediate image representation. The main novelty of our approach is the introduction of an explicit model of spatial co-occurrence of visual words associated with superpixels and utilization of appearance, geometry and contextual cues in a probabilistic framework. We demonstrate how individual cues contribute towards global segmentation accuracy and how their combination yields superior performance compared with the best known method on the challenging benchmark dataset which exhibits diversity of street scenes with varying viewpoints, a large number of categories, captured in daylight and dusk.
Characterization of the flowing afterglows of an N<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub>reduced-pressure discharge: setting the operating conditions to achieve a dominant late afterglow and correlating the NO<sub>β</sub>UV intensity variation with the N and O atom densities (2007)

International audience
An optical parametric oscillator in the visible using pcf (2003)

A photonic crystal fibre based optical parametric oscillator operating in the blue-green region of the spectrum is demonstrated. Efficient conversion of red pump light into blue light has been obtained by pumping in the normal dispersion region.
Modeling and Simulation of a Condenser Microphone (2007)

A nodal analysis model of a condenser microphone has been implemented in an IC design environment. The fundamental characteristics, including sensitivity, frequency response and output referred noise are obtained by co-simulation with the microphone and the readout circuit using Cadence/Spectre <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> simulator. The new model is capable of dealing with the multi-field coupling effects including acoustical, mechanical and electrostatic behavior. Both the numerical analysis and measured data agree with the nodal simulation results. Co-simulating the microphone and readout circuit, enables trade-off analysis between the acousto-electro-mechanical and electronic design parameters.
Rolled-Up Magnetic Sensor: Nanomembrane Architecture for In-Flow Detection of Magnetic Objects (2011)

Detection and analysis of magnetic nanoobjects is a crucial task in modern diagnostic and therapeutic techniques applied to medicine and biology. Accomplishment of this task calls for the development and implementation of electronic elements directly in fluidic channels, which still remains an open and nontrivial issue. Here, we present a novel concept based on rolled-up nanotechnology for fabrication of multifunctional devices, which can be straightforwardly integrated into existing fluidic architectures. We apply strain engineering to roll-up a functional nanomembrane consisting of a magnetic sensor element based on [Py/Cu](30) multilayers, revealing giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The comparison of the sensor's characteristics before and after the roll-up process is found to be similar, allowing for a reliable and predictable method to fabricate high-quality ultracompact GMR devices. The performance of the rolled-up magnetic sensor was optimized to achieve high sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. We demonstrate that the rolled-up tube itself can be efficiently used as a fluidic channel, while the integrated magnetic sensor provides an important functionality to detect and respond to a magnetic field. The performance of the rolled-up magnetic sensor for the in-flow detection of ferromagnetic CrO(2) nanoparticles embedded in a biocompatible polymeric hydrogel shell is highlighted.
A time-domain approach to transmission network equivalents via Prony analysis for electromagnetic transients analysis (1995)

This paper presents a method of obtaining transmission network equivalents from the network's response to a pulse excitation signal. The proposed method is based on modal decomposition representation for the large-scale interconnected system. In this framework we use Prony analysis to identify the network function of the system and to decompose the large system into a parallel combination of simple first-order systems. As a result the network function of the transmission network can be identified easily, and a Thevenin-type of discrete-time filter model can be generated. It can reproduce the driving-point impedance characteristic of the network. Furthermore, the proposed model can be implemented into the EMTP in a direct manner. The simulation results with the full system representation and the developed equivalent system showed a good agreement.
Controlling filamentation in broad-area semiconductor lasers and amplifiers (1996)

We show that with the introduction of a new pair of epitaxial layers, sandwiched between the active and cladding regions, self-defocusing can play an important role in stabilizing the lateral mode in broad-area semiconductor lasers and amplifiers. Under certain conditions, it can be used to eliminate filamentation and provide a nearly flat mode profile by adjusting the band gap of the new self-defocusing layers. We discuss the use of a strained multiple-quantum-well laser for producing such a stable lateral mode.
Nearly ideal electronic properties of sulfide coated GaAs surfaces (1987)

We have discovered that a class of inorganic sulfides [Li2S, (NH4)2S, Na2S⋅9H2O, etc.] imparts excellent electronic properties to GaAs surfaces. The surface recombination velocity at the interface between Na2S⋅9H2O and GaAs begins to approach that of the nearly ideal AlGaAs/GaAs interface. We propose the formation of a robust covalently bonded sulfide layer to explain the favorable electronic quality of such interfaces.
A 3-dimensional sift descriptor and its application to action recognition (2007)

In this paper we introduce a 3-dimensional (3D) SIFT descriptor for video or 3D imagery such as MRI data. We also show how this new descriptor is able to better represent the 3D nature of video data in the application of action recognition. This paper will show how 3D SIFT is able to outperform previously used description methods in an elegant and efficient manner. We use a bag of words approach to represent videos, and present a method to discover relationships between spatio-temporal words in order to better describe the video data.