gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes linked to systemic hypertension (HTN) and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) are not associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) (1996)

Purpose: POAG is a complex genetic trait whose etiology is unknown but likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HTN and adult-onset diabetes mellitus (AODM) have been identified as a risk factors for POAG. Polymorphisms within the genes for angiotensinogen (AGT) and glucokinase (GCK) have been linked to HTN and MODY (a variant of AODM), respectively. Genetic studies were performed on families with POAG using ACT and GCK as candidate genes in order to determine if either or both are associated with POAG.Methods: Fourteen families with a total of 44 sampled affected individuals were ascertained for POAG by Duke and the New England Medical Centers. POAG was defined as IOP>21 mm Hg OU and glaucomatous optic nerve and visual field loss in one or both eyes. Individuals with other forms of glaucoma were excluded from analysis. All family members were genotyped using polymorphic intragenic markers for AGT (1q42-43) and GCK (7p14-15). Linkage analysis was performed using both model-dependent (LOD score) and model-independent (sibpair and affected pedigree member (APM)) methods.Results: LOD score analysis excluded tight linkage in these data when assuming either a dominant or recessive genetic model. In addition, there was no significant evidence of linkage with either the sibpair or APM analyses.Conclusion: POAG does not appear to be associated with AGT or GCK. This does not exclude the possibility that other genes associated with HTN or AODM may be associated with POAG.
Application oriented development of multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) (2010)

This paper describes the development of a large area monolithic array type MPPC and its package. The 16 channel 3×3mm elements are fabricated onto one die. A new buttable and non-magnetic type package was also developed for the monolithic array. Finally we describe the time resolution improvements by increasing the quenching resistor parallel capacitance.
The ``Inca City'' Region of Mars: Test Field for Dark Dune Spots Origin (2002)

Plate-like osteoma cutis is widely thought to be present at birth, but it has never been illustrated in early infancy until now. We report on an infant that presented with congenital plate-like osteoma cutis, showing the earliest clinical aspect of the lesion and its initial morphologic changes.
MimicTile (2012)

MimicTile is a novel variable stiffness deformable user interface for mobile devices that implements two key features. The first feature is an input interface that accepts a variety of deformation-based gestures, providing a user with several ways of interacting with a small mobile device. The other feature is the ability to provide information to the user through haptic feedback by varying the stiffness of the interface. The features are suitable for enhancing mobile applications. They were implemented using only shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as the actuator. SMA wire is extremely flexible, making it ideal for deformable user interfaces. In MimicTile, SMA wires act as both actuators and external input sensors. The actuator function works by altering stiffness based on user input. This study also discusses ideas for further development of deformable user interfaces.
A Digital-Calibrated Transmitter-to-Receiver Isolator in Radar Applications (2012)

A digital-calibrated isolator for radar is proposed to improve transmitter-to-receiver isolation in this letter. The proposed isolator consists of feedforward and digital-calibrated circuits to cancel the transmitter-to-receiver leakage power. The proposed isolator is implemented in 0.18- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m CMOS technology which shows 27.3 dB isolation while consuming 13.5 mW dc power. The <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm OP}_{1\,{\rm dB}}$</tex></formula> of the transmitter-to-antenna is better than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${+}13.5$</tex> </formula> dBm.
Corrosion Behavior of a P130x Graphite Fiber Reinforced 6063 Aluminum Composite Laminate in Aqueous Environments (1991)

The aqueous corrosion behavior of 0/90 cross‐plied P130x graphite fiber reinforced 6063 Al composite laminates was studied in deaerated and aerated aqueous and solutions using immersion and electrochemical techniques. Special emphasis was given to the identification of the principal mechanism(s) of corrosion. It was demonstrated conclusively via microscopic and electrochemical considerations that galvanic attack of the matrix was by far the dominant mechanism of corrosion in both solutions when Al and graphite are simultaneously exposed. Localized attack of microstructural segregations, if operative, was negligible compared to galvanic corrosion. When graphite is not exposed to the electrolyte, pitting of the surface foil, followed by galvanic attack of the matrix once the pit penetrates to the underlying graphite fibers, was found to be the primary corrosion mechanism. The effects of matrix heat‐treatment, solution pH, sulfite ion contamination, and solution aeration on the electrochemical parameters and the overall corrosion behavior in 3.5% solutions were also studied. In general, the susceptibilities of general, galvanic, and localized corrosion were found to increase at lower pH levels and in the presence of sulfite ion contamination. Progressive aging of the matrix decreased corrosion susceptibility in deaerated solutions, but seemed to increase it in aerated solutions. The impact of each of the above parameters on the electrochemical nature of the various operative corrosion processes has been discussed in detail.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Denmark 1993-1995. (1997)

Multidrug resistance was present in less than one present of patients with tuberculosis. One patient died from tuberculosis without revision of treatment, and eight patients responded favourably to a regimen of pyrazinamide, streptomycin or amikacin, ofloxacin and cycloserine. In two patients, this regimen was supplemented with para-aminosalicylic acid and thiacetazone respectively. All patients needed prolonged hospitalization and had observed treatment. It is possible to cure such patients, but it is a lengthy and expensive process. It is expected that similar cases will be imported into the country and that they will occur within Denmark in the future.
Anti-Photoaging Effect of Korean Mint (Agastache rugosa Kuntze) Extract on UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2019)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced photoaging leads to wrinkles, dryness, and skin roughness. UVB irradiation activates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stimulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway, which promotes expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory cytokines. The current study aimed to assess the anti-photoaging activity of <i>Agastache rugosa</i> extract (ARE) on UVB-treated human dermal fibroblasts. ARE treatment reduced the overproduction of ROS and promoted mRNA expression of anti-oxidant enzymes. ARE treatment significantly inactivated the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway, which downregulated the expression of MMPs. Moreover, ARE promoted the production of type-I procollagen and upregulated mRNA expression of collagen genes. Additionally, ARE suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, by preventing expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. Collectively, our findings show that ARE could be a potential candidate for anti-photoaging treatment.
The significant change for the Timed 25-Foot Walk in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (2000)

The Timed 25-Foot Walk is under evaluation as a clinical tool to follow patients with MS. Several approaches have been taken to define a clinically significant change in this measurement. This study was undertaken to define the range of values expected for the Timed 25-Foot Walk and to correlate prospectively the change in walk-time that occurs during an exacerbation of MS associated with subjective difficulty walking. Five results from this study are emphasized. (1) Patients who were minimally affected by MS frequently walked 25 feet between three and five seconds. (2) the walk-time variability, defined as the ratio of the longest to the shortest walk-time, minus 1, times 100%, for three consecutive trials was generally 20% or less; (3) if the two fastest walk-times obtained in three trials were compared, the walk-time variability was almost always 10% or less; (4) for clinically stable individuals, the walk-times of single trials separated by 12 months or less generally varied less than 20%; and (5) patients who complained of difficulty walking, but who did not have changes otherwise detectable by examination, generally had a prolongation of walk-time. These results suggest that an increase of more than 20% in the Timed 25-Foot Walk may indicate a significant change in gait. Multiple Sclerosis (2000) 6 286 - 290
State machines (2002)

We are surrounded by real-world state machines: ballpoint pen retractor mechanisms, vending machines, washing-machine controllers, digital watches. They are a trivial but underused technology that can simplify how we implement programs that must track how they got to their current state before handling a new event. However, many programmers feel that state machines are only useful when they're developing communication protocol stacks, which is not an everyday activity. This is unfortunate. State machines can be appropriate in surprising circumstances. Correctly applied, they will result in faster, more modular, less coupled, and easier to maintain code. State machines make it easy to eliminate duplication, honoring the DRY principle. They also let you write more expressive code, because you can specify intent and implementation independently. These are all good, pragmatic, reasons to investigate them further, so let's look at some simple state machine implementations and problems they can solve.
Effects of the duration of progesterone treatment on the resolution of cerebral edema induced by cortical contusions in rats. (2001)

Our data are consistent with earlier findings showing that longer durations of progesterone administration lead to more complete behavioral recovery as well as to an increased number of surviving neurons.
Recombinant human erythropoietin treatment of anemic cancer patients. (1996)

Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the use of recombinant human erythropoietin may prevent or ameliorate anemia by significantly increasing the hematocrit in patients who receive chemotherapy. This can reduce the proportion of patients who require erythrocyte transfusions. In addition, responding patients experience an improvement in quality of life.
Towards an Efficient Method for Spreading Information in Social Network (2009)

Nowadays, content distribution is of high attention in peer to peer information systems. There are two main problems that could be mentioned in this context. The first problem is how to disseminate fragments of information efficiently and the next is to avoid missing same rare fragments towards end of download. For overcoming these problems, a new mechanism is presented in this paper which uses gossip algorithms on basis of social networks. Our mechanism maintains simplicity of gossip and has low overhead. This mechanism includes two phases for managing traffic and solving bottleneck problem: one for spreading rumors inside the social network and finding network of interests and the other for collecting messages in the network of interests with consideration of a threshold of independent paths.
Accelerator Aging Effects During Copper Electrodeposition (2003)

Slow sweep rate voltammetric analysis of the Cu/Cu(II) deposition reaction is shown to be an effective tool for examining aging effects associated with thiol and disulfide additives that are widely employed as brighteners. Sulfonate-terminated short chain thiols are spontaneously oxidized by Cu(II) to form disulfide molecules with the conversion being complete within a few hours of electrolyte preparation. An additional aging effect occurs during electrolysis in conventional unseparated electrochemical cells. At the anode, the disulfide is reduced by Cu(I) forming thiolate complexes which subsequently affect the copper deposition reaction occurring at the cathode. The latter effect may be avoided by using a cation selective membrane to isolate the anode compartment. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Controlled placement of multiple CNS cell populations to create complex neuronal cultures (2017)

In vitro brain-on-a-chip platforms hold promise in many areas including: drug discovery, evaluating effects of toxicants and pathogens, and disease modelling. A more accurate recapitulation of the intricate organization of the brain in vivo may require a complex in vitro system including organization of multiple neuronal cell types in an anatomically-relevant manner. Most approaches for compartmentalizing or segregating multiple cell types on microfabricated substrates use either permanent physical surface features or chemical surface functionalization. This study describes a removable insert that successfully deposits neurons from different brain areas onto discrete regions of a microelectrode array (MEA) surface, achieving a separation distance of 100 μm. The regional seeding area on the substrate is significantly smaller than current platforms using comparable placement methods. The non-permanent barrier between cell populations allows the cells to remain localized and attach to the substrate while the insert is in place and interact with neighboring regions after removal. The insert was used to simultaneously seed primary rodent hippocampal and cortical neurons onto MEAs. These cells retained their morphology, viability, and function after seeding through the cell insert through 28 days in vitro (DIV). Co-cultures of the two neuron types developed processes and formed integrated networks between the different MEA regions. Electrophysiological data demonstrated characteristic bursting features and waveform shapes that were consistent for each neuron type in both mono- and co-culture. Additionally, hippocampal cells co-cultured with cortical neurons showed an increase in within-burst firing rate (p = 0.013) and percent spikes in bursts (p = 0.002), changes that imply communication exists between the two cell types in co-culture. The cell seeding insert described in this work is a simple but effective method of separating distinct neuronal populations on microfabricated devices, and offers a unique approach to developing the types of complex in vitro cellular environments required for anatomically-relevant brain-on-a-chip devices.
Preparation of lrone (2012)

Irone is characteristic flavor compound of iris oil extracted from Iris plant,which is widely used in food and tobacco industry.Irone consists of three main isomers(α,β,γ).Preparation methods of irone were summarized, including extraction from plant,biotechnology method and chemical synthesis method.Irone extracted from Iris plant is the most direct and simple method.However,it is difficult to meet the needs of the market due to limit of Iris plant resource. Irone can be prepared by biotechnology under mild conditions,but screening of stable strains is challenging. Chemical synthesis method is the main preparation method of Irone.This review focused on synthetic methods of irone using plant secondary metabolites and petrochemical product as raw material.The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation were reviewed.Most synthesis is still in the stage of laboratory research,the synthetic process are long and in harsh reaction conditions with low yields.Therefore,synthetic route with less synthetic steps,milder reaction conditions,and higher yield and selectivity will be the future research targets.
Neutron Detector Gamma Insensitivity Criteria (2009)

The shortage of 3He has triggered the search for an effective alternative neutron detection technology for radiation portal monitor applications. Any new detection technology must satisfy two basic criteria: 1) it must meet the neutron detection efficiency requirement, and 2) it must be insensitive to gamma ray interference at a prescribed level, while still meeting the neutron detection requirement. It is the purpose of this document to define this latter criterion.
In Vitro Activity of the Type II Anti-CD20 Antibody GA101 in Refractory, Genetic High-Risk CLL. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2379 Poster Board II-356 Introduction: Anti-CD20 (i.e. rituximab) based immuno-chemotherapies are now considered standard of care in CLL. However, addition of rituximab does not appear to decisively alter the dismal clinical outcome for 17p- / TP53 mutated CLL. Relatively little is known about activity of different anti-CD20 antibodies in genetic subgroups of CLL. Methods: In an effort to assess the activity of the next generation mAb GA101 in vitro, we studied B cell depletion / apoptosis in a set of CLL patients. CLL samples were genetically characterized with respect to genetics (genomic aberrations, TP53 mutation, IGHV mutation status), as well as clinical course and immunophenotype. To study the effect on CLL cells, we assessed GA101, Rituximab and Alemtuzumab by in vitro treatment after ficoll separation with FACS (7-AAD) for viability. In addition, in order to maintain ADCC and to mirror the in vivo situation, we studied the effect of GA101 in a whole blood culture (n=10). Results: With increasing concentrations (0.01-100mg/ml) of GA101 we observed significant cell death as measured by a B cell depletion assay (whole blood) after GA101 exposure (n=10). After 3 hours the maximum effect was observed at a concentration of 10mg/ml with a reduction of CLL cells to 43% of untreated cells. The results after 8h were similar, again showing the profound effect in GA101 treated samples (mean B-cell depletion to 34.6% remaining cells). Interestingly, further increasing the dose to 100mg/ml did not increase the B-cell depletion by the antibody, but appeared to decrease the ability to deplete CLL cells (Fig. 1). In contrast treatment with control antibodies (isotype control, rituximab, alemtuzumab) did not lead to similar B-cell depletion (101%, 69%, and 73% of control cells at 3h). We were particularly interested in any potential effect in cases with TP53 mutation. While the sample number is still low (TP53 mutation / 17p deletion n=3), currently we have no indication of differential response in different genetic subgroups. Conclusion: Compared to the currently most widely used mAb in CLL (Rituximab), GA101 appears more potent at equivalent concentration in depleting CLL cells. Further in vitro studies are currently ongoing to assess this antibody in particular in genetic high-risk, refractory CLL. Disclosures: Zenz: Roche: Honoraria. Klein:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Umana:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Döhner:Roche: Research Funding. Stilgenbauer:Roche, Bayer Schering Pharma: Honoraria, Research Funding.
Dyskeratosis Congenita - A Disease of Dysfunctional Telomere Maintenance (2005)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with abnormalities of the skin, fingernails, and tongue. Other clinical manifestations may include epiphora, lung fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, osteoporosis, and a predisposition to develop a variety of malignancies. The clinical picture often resembles that of a premature aging syndrome and tissues affected are those with a high cell turnover. DC has been linked to mutations in at least four distinct genes, three of which have been identified. The product of these genes, dyskerin, the telomerase RNA (TERC), and the catalytic unit of telomerase (TERT) are part of a ribonucleoprotein complex, the telomerase enzyme, that is essential for the elongation and maintenance of chromosome ends or telomeres. All patients with DC have excessively short telomeres, indicating that the underlying defect in these individuals is an inability to maintain the telomeres. The purpose of the current review is to highlight recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of DC. We discuss the impact these findings have on our current understanding of telomere function and maintenance, and on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of patients with conditions caused by dysfunctional telomeres.
Three-dimensional model of cytochrome P450 human aromatase (2005)

A three-dimensional (3-D) structure of human aromatase (CYP 19) was modeled on the basis of the crystal structure of rabbit CYP2C5, the first solved X-ray structure of an eukaryotic cytochrome P450 and was evaluated by docking S-fadrozole and the steroidal competitive inhibitor (19R)-10-thiiranylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione, into the enzyme active site. According to a previous pharmacophoric hypothesis described in the literature, the cyano group of S-fadrozole partially mimics the steroid backbone C(17) carbonyl group of (19R)-10-thiiranylestr-4-ene-3,17-dione, and was oriented in a favorable position for H-bonding with the newly identified positively charged residues Lys 119 and Arg435. In addition, this model is consistent with the recent combined mutagenesis/modeling studies already published concerning the roles ofAsp309 and His480 in the aromatization of the steroid A ring.
Atomic carbon vapor as a diamond growth precursor in thermal plasmas (1994)

A detailed surface chemistry mechanism is proposed for chemical vapor deposition of diamond films, which extends the growth-by-methyl mechanism proposed by Harris to treat any CHm radical, m=0–3, as a growth monomer. Numerical computations were performed in which the mechanism was coupled to a model for the boundary layer above the substrate, for conditions typical of diamond deposition in an atmospheric-pressure thermal plasma. The predicted linear growth rate increases strongly as the boundary layer thickness δ is decreased, and the results indicate a strong dependence of the diamond growth chemistry on δ. For relatively thick boundary layers (modest velocities of the reactant jet) growth is dominated by CH3. For very thin boundary layers (high velocities) the model predicts that growth is dominated by C. For the transition region where C and CH3 each contribute about 40% to growth, CH2 also contributes about 17%. The carbon conversion efficiency is also predicted to peak in the transition region, and drops sharply for very thin boundary layers.
Signal processing method for improving the dynamic range of A/D and D/A converters (1980)

A method is described for improving the dynamic range of A/D and D/A converters. In the case of A/D conversion it consists of an analog preprocessing, an A/D converter of B' bits operating at a high sampling rate f' <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> , followed by a digital postprocessing. This system effectively operates as an A/D converter with B > B' bits with low sampling rate f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> . A relation between the required oversampling factor N = f' <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> /f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> and the improvement in dynamic range (R = B- B') is derived which indicates that for moderate values of R (3 to 5 bits) the oversampling factor must range from 6-15, which is quite acceptable. The method is also applicable to D/A conversion, but then the pre-processing has to be digital and file postprocessing analog.