gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case-Encapsulated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Energy from Reciprocating Sliding Motion (2014)

Reciprocating motion is a widely existing form of mechanical motion in natural environment. In this work we reported a case-encapsulated triboelectric nanogenerator (cTENG) based on sliding electrification to convert reciprocating motion into electric energy. Patterned with multiple sets of grating electrodes and lubricated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles, the cTENG exported an average effective output power of 12.2 mW over 140 kΩ external load at a sliding velocity of 1 m/s, in corresponding to a power density of 1.36 W/m(2). The sliding motion can be induced by direct-applied forces as well as inertia forces, enabling the applicability of the cTENG in addressing ambient vibration motions that feature large amplitude and low frequency. The cTENG was demonstrated to effectively harvest energy from human body motions and wavy water surface, indicating promising prospects of the cTENG in applications such as portable and stand-alone self-powered electronics.
Geomechanical and Thermal Dynamics of Distributed and Far-Field Dielectric Heating of Rocks Assisted by Nano-Enablers — A Numerical Exploration (2017)

Abstract Thermal methods based on dielectric heating are of interest in several stimulation and production applications; however, most downhole fluids and rocks have uneven electromagnetic absorption. A potential solution is to create particles that can act as centers of electromagnetic absorption. These are known as enablers. In this technique, the rocks and fluids are not directly heated by the electromagnetic radiation; rather the enablers absorb the electromagnetic radiation, transform it into heat, and warm up the formation and fluids. This paper presents the numerical characterization of the thermal and geomechanical dynamics in this process as a function of different rock types and varying enabler distributions. The numerical analysis explored the dynamics of high-power electromagnetic radiation (HPEM) and revealed key optimization variables and interactions. The results provide new insights about the relations between the competing physics, and suggest how to control the coupling dynamics to enhance different applications. Ultimately, the techniques and results detailed in this work could prove essential to optimize the next generation of electromagnetic heating and recovery methods. Thermal and geomechanical modeling showed that the sudden increase in temperature across multiple points, could be used to enhance fracturing and induce other mechanical changes in the formation that are valuable for stimulation of tight formations. A comprehensive statistical analysis was used to determine key variables and optimal heating dynamics, as a function of volume and spatial distribution of enablers. It was observed that the efficiency of the energy transferred to the formation, depends on the volume and spatial distribution of the enablers within the rock matrix. The latter suggests that micro- and nano-particle size enablers could potentially improve heating and energy transfer for oil and gas applications.
Single-strand DNA cleavages by eukaryotic topoisomerase II (1988)

A new purification method for eukaryotic type II DNA topoisomerase (EC 5.99.1.3) is described, and the avian enzyme has been purified and characterized. An analysis of the cleavage reaction has revealed that topoisomerase II can be trapped as a DNA-enzyme covalent complex containing DNA with double-stranded and single-stranded breaks. The data indicate that DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II proceeds by two asymmetric single-stranded cleavage and resealing steps on opposite strands (separated by 4 bp) with independent probabilities of being trapped upon addition of a protein denaturant. Single-strand cleavages were directly demonstrated at both strong and weak topoisomerase II sites. Thus, a match to the vertebrate topoisomerase II consensus sequence (sequence; see text) (N is any base, and cleavage occurs between -1 and +1) [Spitzner, J.R., & Muller, M.T. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 5533-5556)] does not predict whether a cleavage site will be single stranded or double stranded; however, sites cleaved by topoisomerase II that contain two conserved consensus bases (G residue at +2 and T at +4) generally yield double-strand cleavage whereas recognition sites lacking these two consensus elements yield single-strand cleavages. Finally, single-strand cleavages with topoisomerase II do not appear to be an artifact caused by damaged enzyme molecules since topoisomerase II in freshly prepared, crude extracts also shows the property of single-strand cleavages.
Coprecipitation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Principles of Precipitation and Nucleation Raw Materials Precipitation Conditions Process Operation Examples New Developments in Process Monitoring Acknowledgments References
Cell culture models to investigate the selective vulnerability of motoneuronal mitochondria to familial ALS‐linked G93ASOD1 (2006)

Mitochondrial damage induced by superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutants has been proposed to have a causative role in the selective degeneration of motoneurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In order to investigate the basis of the tissue specificity of mutant SOD1 we compared the effect of the continuous expression of wild-type or mutant (G93A) human SOD1 on mitochondrial morphology in the NSC-34 motoneuronal-like, the N18TG2 neuroblastoma and the non-neuronal Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell lines. Morphological alterations of mitochondria were observed in NSC-34 expressing the G93A mutant (NSC-G93A) but not the wild-type SOD1, whereas a ten-fold greater level of total expression of the mutant had no effect on mitochondria of non-motoneuronal cell lines. Fragmented network, swelling and cristae remodelling but not vacuolization of mitochondria or other intracellular organelles were observed only in NSC-G93A cells. The mitochondrial alterations were not explained by a preferential localization of the mutant within NSC-G93A mitochondria, as a higher amount of the mutant SOD1 was found in mitochondria of MDCK-G93A cells. Our results suggest that mitochondrial vulnerability of motoneurons to G93ASOD1 is recapitulated in NSC-34 cells, and that peculiar features in network dynamics may account for the selective alterations of motoneuronal mitochondria.
Web-based systems for communication and scheduling (2003)

Communication and scheduling are very important in today's computer driven world. People are bound to meetings, tasks, and other events that run their daily lives. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a Web-based communication and scheduling system. Our goal was to create an efficient usable system that will allow users to stay in touch via e-mail and to provide a means for them to access their schedule from any where that is Web accessible whether it is a wired computer or a wireless mobile device. We discuss the problems we encountered in converting our Web application that we designed for a wired computer to its equivalent wireless interface.
Claiming the Cabinets: The Right to Mine in Wilderness Areas (1986)

This portent reveals a fundamental conflict inherent in public land laws which were passed at different stages in our nation's history.Due to the Mining Act of 1872^ and certain provisions of the 1964 Wilderness Act,^ miners were granted a foothold in wilderness areas.'*America's public policy of promoting the settlement and mining of federal lands was pervasive in the latter half of the 19th century.The 1872 Mining Act *Farling, Mining may com e to a wilderness, High Country News <13 M ay 1985), at 1
Fibre Channel and related standards (1996)

The Fibre Channel is an ANSI standard for attachment of high-performance I/O devices to processors and for clustering processors. We provide an overview of the Fibre Channel, a summary of a performance study, a discussion of related interconnects, and a description of current industry activity.
Measurement of biaxial extensional viscosity of wheat flour doughs (1993)

The biaxial extensional viscosity of wheat flour doughs was measured using the lubricated squeeze film apparatus. Two disks of different diameters, 80 and 57.2 mm, were employed, with an extension rate (0.011 s−1) which remained approximately constant with both disks. Using polydimethylsiloxane a steady state lasted from 40 to 70 s. Obtaining steady extensional flow with wheat doughs, on the other hand, necessitated 10 to 200 s depending on the magnitude of normal stresses which ranged from 5.018 to 0.361 KPa. Doughs with different protein contents (13.2%, 16.0%, and 18.8% based on 14%MB) showed different biaxial extensional viscosities. These increased with increasing protein content. At an extensional rate of 7.3×10−5 s−1 the biaxial extensional viscosity approached 6η; Trouton’s ratio (ratio of ηE to η) increases with extension rate. The differences between biaxial extensional viscosities and shear viscosities become more profound when viscosities are plotted versus stresses.
Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything (2001)

Emotions seem to come and go as they please. However, we actually hold considerable sway over our emotions: We influence which emotions we have and how we experience and express these emotions. The process model of emotion regulation described here suggests that how we regulate our emotions matters. Regulatory strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have quite different outcomes than strategies that act later. This review focuses on two widely used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing how we think about a situation in order to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It involves inhibiting the outward signs of emotion. Theory and research suggest that reappraisal is more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases the experience and behavioral expression of emotion, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease the experience of emotion, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding in both the suppressors and their social partners.
Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition Improves Synaptic Function, Memory, and Amyloid-  Load in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model (2009)

Memory loss, synaptic dysfunction, and accumulation of amyloid beta-peptides (A beta) are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Downregulation of the nitric oxide/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase/c-AMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) cascade has been linked to the synaptic deficits after A beta elevation. Here, we report that the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5) sildenafil (Viagra), a molecule that enhances phosphorylation of CREB, a molecule involved in memory, through elevation of cGMP levels, is beneficial against the AD phenotype in a mouse model of amyloid deposition. We demonstrate that the inhibitor produces an immediate and long-lasting amelioration of synaptic function, CREB phosphorylation, and memory. This effect is also associated with a long-lasting reduction of A beta levels. Given that side effects of PDE5 inhibitors are widely known and do not preclude their administration to a senile population, these drugs have potential for the treatment of AD and other diseases associated with elevated A beta levels.
Novel Vaginal Controlled-Delivery Systems Incorporating Coprecipitates of Nonoxynol-9 (1999)

The purpose of this study was to formulate Nonoxynol-9 (N-9) into a solid coprecipitate form which can be used in preparing pharmaceutically attractive and nonirritating vaginal controlled-release delivery systems (DDSs) such as gelatin capsules (HGC) and tablets. N-9 was coprecipitated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with or without iodine to produce solid powders which were incorporated into either (a) bilayer tablet DDSs which possess a fast- (outer) and slow- (inner core) releasing compartment, and (b) HGC DDSs (named Triad HGC) composed of fast- (outer), intermediate- (granules), and slow- (pellets) releasing compartments. The rates of release of iodine and/or [14C]N-9 from the two DDSs were studied in vitro in phosphate buffer at pH 5.0, in human seminal plasma and in vivo after intravaginal administration in rabbits. In all of the above-described release studies, the DDSs were shown to release their N-9 or iodine content rapidly, reaching spermicidal levels within 3 min. This was further substantiated by experiments in which the DDSs were introduced in whole human semen containing live spermatozoa. Complete spermicidal kill was obtained in less than 1 min and in less than 3 min from the bilayer tablet and the Triad HGC, respectively. Furthermore, the release of N-9 from the two DDSs was shown to continue for at least 4 hr in buffers (pH 5.0), human seminal fluid, and after intravaginal administration in rabbits. The resulting powder from the coprecipitation of N-9 and PVP (K-30) can be appropriately formulated into a controlled-released HGC or bilayer tablet to produce vaginal controlled-release DDSs which are nonirritating and have the potential to become effective spermicidal products.
A review on the role of gut microbiota in immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer (2021)

Gut microbiota has been studied in relation to human health and disease prediction for decades. Also, immune checkpoints (ICPs) are enthusiastically investigated for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Recent studies show potential of gut microbiome and gut cytokines as biomarkers for carcinogenesis and response prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response. Evidence has revealed that intestinal microorganisms play a major role in the effectiveness of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade. In this review, we have focused on how microbiome and microbiome-generated cytokines affect immune checkpoints. We have also described the molecular mechanisms behind this interplay and the bacterial strains that have a potential role in immunotherapy.
SUPERCAVITATION - PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES (2001)

A brief review of some investigations, which were initiated at the IHM, and new research of the hydrodynamic\nsupercavitation are given in this paper. The main applications of the supercavitaion at underwater high-speed body\nmotion with artificial supercavity, supercavitating water jets and noise suppression are presented. The main features\nof artificial supercavitation as gas leakage and supercavity closure are discussed. Further perspectives of\nsupercavitation method development are analyzed.
Transplantation of Xenogeneic Cells Secreting β-Endorphin for Pain Treatment: Analysis of the Ability of Components of Complement to Penetrate through Polymer Capsules (1997)

The permeation of components of complement and secreted peptides through polymer capsules (PM30, K6305, and K5708) were examined. To analyze permeability by complement, the degree of hemolysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) (1 × 10 9 /ml) enclosed in each type of capsule was examined after 24-h incubation in culture medium containing 10% human serum. PM30 and K6305 prevented the permeation of complement well, while K5708 did not. EA suspended in alginate prevented hemolysis even in K5708. Peptide permeation through the capsules was assessed by measuring the concentration of ACTH secreted by proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-gene-transfected-Neuro2A in the culture medium on days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after encapsulation. The ACTH levels in the culture medium remained high until day 28. Alginate appeared to prevent the secretion, because ACTH levels decreased in alginate-suspended cells after day 14. The PM30-K6305 double capsules containing cell lines, Neuro2A, BHK21 (hamster fibroblasts), L929 (mouse fibroblasts), and HF-SKFII (human fibroblasts) were transplanted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space of the monkeys in the lumber region. The morphological examination showed the partial survival of Neuro2A, and BHK21 and HF-SKFII, which were cells concordant with the monkeys. On the other hand, L929 cells, which were discordant with the monkeys, could not survive at all. Because these results suggest that the complement components penetrate the polymer capsules, concordant cells are preferable for xenografting with polymer capsules into the CSF space.
S-band active phased array antenna with analog phase shifters using double-balanced mixers for mobile SATCOM vehicles (2005)

We propose an S-band active phased array antenna (APAA) with analog phase shifters (PSs) that use double-balanced mixers (DBMs). The quadrature phase shift keying modulator integrated circuits (ICs) used as the phase shifters can control both the amplitude and phase of the input signal continuously and independently by using the control voltages. The phase and amplitude errors during phase rotation were 0.5/spl deg/ rms (max=1.7/spl deg/) and 0.3 dB rms (max=0.7 dB), respectively. The range in which the amplitude could be linearly changed was 7 dB. The proposed antenna exhibited sufficient performance for mobile vehicles to handle satellite communications: beam-pointing resolution of 0.04/spl deg/, beam-pointing accuracy in the null pointing of 0.4/spl deg/ rms, and sidelobe suppression with an amplitude taper achieved by setting the amplitude of the PS using two DBMs. Comparison between the analog PS and a reflection-type four-bit digital PS showed that although the analog one is unsuitable for use in a passive PAA, it is suitable for use in an APAA.
Increased Blood Volume and CD34 <sup>+</sup> CD38 <sup>−</sup> Progenitor Cell Recovery Using a Novel Umbilical Cord Blood Collection System (2000)

A major problem with the use of umbilical cord/placental blood (UCB) is the limited blood volume that can be collected from a single donor. In this study, we evaluated a novel system for the collection of UCB and analyzed the kinetics of output of hematopoietic stem cells in the collected blood. Sequential UCB fractions were collected from 48 placentas by gravity following common procedures. When UCB flow was ended, collection was continued using the device. Nucleated cell (NC) density in each fraction was evaluated and the expression of CD34, CD38 and other hematopoietic markers was assessed by flow cytometry. The total collected volume was 60.9 ± 26.2 ml (mean ± SD, range 17-141.5). The device yield (volume collected using the device/total volume) was 26.5 ± 15.1%. No significant difference was observed in NC count in sequential fractions. A significant increase in CD34+ cell content in sequential fractions and a 2.07 ± 1.18-fold increase in the percentage of CD34+ cells in the last versus first fraction were observed. Furthermore, within the CD34+ population, the percentage of CD38− pluripotent stem cells in the first fraction was 3.24 ± 1.39, while in the last fraction it raised to 34.43 ± 22.62. Thus, at the end of a collection performed following current procedures, further blood rich in the most primitive progenitor cells can be recovered. Therefore, the optimization and standardization of collection procedures are required to obtain maximal recovery from each placenta and increase the percentage of UCB units suitable for clinical use.
MHC class I down-regulation: tumour escape from immune surveillance? (Review) (2004)

Malignant conversion and subsequent in vivo selection can give rise to the cell populations that show stable expression of an immune escape phenotype, MHC class I deficient neoplasms. Deficiencies associated with the MHC class I down-regulation are either irreversible, such as beta2 microglobulin and class I heavy chain gene disabling mutations, or reversible. The reversible MHC class I deficiencies involve all levels of the MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation machinery. They can be repaired, at least partially and in vitro, by cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalpha) or by DNA demethylation/histone hyperacetylation procedures. The reduced levels of MHC class I antigens result in decreased sensitivity to MHC class I-restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis, the major component of the tumour rejection reaction. MHC class I down-regulation helps tumour cells evade the classical T cell-dependent immune responses but simultaneously imposes another, the NK cell-mediated, surveillance stimulated by the 'missing self' signals. The innate and adaptive antitumour immunity may be under some conditions interconnected: primary activation of the MHC class I-unrestricted surveillance mechanisms may lead to the production of IFNgamma by the activated NK/gammadelta T cells; the in situ produced IFNgamma may then up-regulate the MHC class I molecule expression on the tumour cell surface and in this way it may stimulate the more efficient, MHC class I-restricted, adaptive immunity. If we accept that the MHC class I down-regulation can, under some conditions, indeed be a mechanism of the tumour escape from the immune defence, the problem arises how to cope efficiently with this escape. Either therapeutic procedures aiming at up-regulation of MHC class I expression, or enhancement of MHC class I-unrestricted (CD4+, NK, NKT, gammadelta T) tumour defence effector mechanisms by dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccines, by cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFNgamma, GM-CSF), or by the cytokine gene-based, genetically modified tumour vaccines should be considered.