gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TAS-116, a Highly Selective Inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90α and β, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Activity and Minimal Ocular Toxicity in Preclinical Models (2014)

The molecular chaperone HSP90 plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth and survival by stabilizing cancer-related proteins. A number of HSP90 inhibitors have been developed clinically for cancer therapy; however, potential off-target and/or HSP90-related toxicities have proved problematic. The 4-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-1-yl)benzamide TAS-116 is a selective inhibitor of cytosolic HSP90α and β that does not inhibit HSP90 paralogs such as endoplasmic reticulum GRP94 or mitochondrial TRAP1. Oral administration of TAS-116 led to tumor shrinkage in human tumor xenograft mouse models accompanied by depletion of multiple HSP90 clients, demonstrating that the inhibition of HSP90α and β alone was sufficient to exert antitumor activity in certain tumor models. One of the most notable HSP90-related adverse events universally observed to differing degrees in the clinical setting is visual disturbance. A two-week administration of the isoxazole resorcinol NVP-AUY922, an HSP90 inhibitor, caused marked degeneration and disarrangement of the outer nuclear layer of the retina and induced photoreceptor cell death in rats. In contrast, TAS-116 did not produce detectable photoreceptor injury in rats, probably due to its lower distribution in retinal tissue. Importantly, in a rat model, the antitumor activity of TAS-116 was accompanied by a higher distribution of the compound in subcutaneously xenografted NCI-H1975 non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors than in retina. Moreover, TAS-116 showed activity against orthotopically transplanted NCI-H1975 lung tumors. Together, these data suggest that TAS-116 has a potential to maximize antitumor activity while minimizing adverse effects such as visual disturbances that are observed with other compounds of this class.
Crystallographic description of phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor (1987)

Single-crystal x-ray techniques were used to determine two structures that comprise the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. A green phase has the orthorhombic ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{BaCuO}}_{5}$ structure. An opaque phase (${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathrm{x}}$, 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1.0) is tetragonal (a=3.859 A\r{}, c=11.71 A\r{}; space group P4\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}m2;Z=1). The structure is related to a 1:1:3 AB${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskite: Ba and Y order in A sites and Cu is in B sites. Systematic oxygen vacancies between adjacent copper atoms lead to a fivefold-coordinate Cu in proximity to Y and a twofold-coordinate Cu in the vicinity of the Ba site.
Aufbau und Durchführung von Karrierestrategien (1993)

ZusammenfassungEine gute Ausbildung ist wichtig für die Karriere. Die praktische Umsetzung, Anwendung und die Bewährung im Beruf ist jedoch noch wichtiger.
Development of a monoclonal antibody‐based immunodetection assay for Botrytis cinerea (1992)

Three hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies that specifically recognize Botrytis cinerea and B.fabae , but not B. allii, have been raised from splenocytes of mice immunized with a low molecular‐weight fraction (30 kDa) from surface washings of B. cinerea. Antibodies from these cell lines have been used to develop an antigen‐based elisa test that will detect B. cinerea in strawberries. This monoclonal antibody immunoassay detection assay should prove useful to both the cut‐flower and wine industries. Supernatants from the three specific cell lines recognize mycelial fragments, saline extracts of mycelia and germinating conidia by both ELISA and immunofluorescence. Recognition of non‐germinating spores is poor. Supernatants from the specific cell lines did not recognize other fungi normally involved in post‐harvest spoilage of fruits and vegetables. Supernatants from KH4 gave the lowest background values with healthy tissue. Indirect evidence from heat, protease and periodate treatment of the antigens indicates that antibodies from all three specific cell lines are recognizing carbohydrate epitopes on a glycoprotein.
Professional Development Entitlements in the Workplace (2009)

The professional development (PD) entitlements available to employees in their workplace largely depend on individual workplace agreements. However, employees are entitled to a reasonable level of PD in their workplace as they are expected to update their skills in their field.
CO Chemisorption at Metal Surfaces and Overlayers (1996)

A database of ab initio calculations of the chemisorption energy of CO over Ni(111), Cu(111), Ru(0001), Pd(111), Ag(111), Pt(111), Au(111), $\mathrm{Cu}{}_{3}$Pt(111), and some metallic overlayer structures is presented. The trends can be reproduced with a simple model describing the interaction between the metal $d$ states and the CO $2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ and 5 $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ states, renormalized by the metal $\mathrm{sp}$ continuum. Our model rationalizes the results by Rodriguez and Goodman [Science 257, 897 (1992)] showing a strong correlation between the CO chemisorption energy and the surface core level shift.
Prospects of power generation from geothermal energy using thermoelectric modules (2015)

This paper presents the prospects of power generation from geothermal energy using thermoelectric modules. A heat exchanger thermosiphon with a number of thermoelectric cells is proposed for this research. Thermosiphon heat exchanger is a passive device that can transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir. The heat from the geothermal source is transferred to the liquid in the thermosiphon. The liquid absorbs the heat and changes to vapour phase. The vapour then travels to the heat exchanger and transfers heat to the thermoelectric cells by condensation. Thermoelectric cells generate electricity when a temperature difference is created across these generators due to Seebeck effect. The hot and cold surface of these generators generates electrical potential and current flows when a load is applied. These thermoelectric cells are silent due to the absence of moving parts, scalable to meet any power demand and require no maintenance. The proposed system is able to generate electricity at an overall efficiency (thermal to electricity) of 89%. The cost of power generation is in the range that can be competitive to other power generation plants. The proposed system can be used as an environmental friendly and sustainable alternative to other power generation systems.
Syntheses of Reduced Lipoic Acid and Analogs of Lipoic Acid (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of Reduced Lipoic Acid and Analogs of Lipoic AcidDonald S. AckerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2533–2536Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syntheses of <i>N</i>‐(2,4‐Dinitrophenyl)nitroazoles (1970)

Abstract Several N ‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)nitroazoles which cannot be obtained by direct nitration of N ‐phenylazoles have been prepared by condensation of 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene with the appropriate nitroazoles. The structures of the products are assigned on the basis of their proton magnetic resonance spectra; in all the examples studied, condensations occur at positions remote from the nitro group of the nitroazole.
Hormone Allergy (2006)

This paper describes evidence of antibodies to the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone, estrogen and their metabolites, after binding to human tissue proteins, such as albumin or globulin, may act as antigens and promote Type 2 helper cell development, thereby regulating antibody synthesis and allergy. This leads to the possibility of treating a wide variety of disorders by determining hormone allergy and initiating desensitization. Two obvious applications for determination and treatment of hormone allergies are pre-menstrual asthma and menstrual migraines.
Acoustic Filters to Aid Digital Voice* (1979)

Digital conversion of speech requires that the signal be band-limited. The band limitation customarily is accomplished by electrical filtering. Typically, the cost of electrical filtering is a noticeable fraction of the total cost of voice digitization. We propose here that a large part, if not all, of the requisite filtering can be economically accomplished through acoustic design of the transducer housing (both at transmitter and receiver). We derive a design technique for voice-band acoustic filters, and we compute and construct several prototype filters. We make free-space acoustic measurements on the prototypes, used in combination with electret microphones. Finally, we demonstrate that the acoustic filters can approximate the band-limit specifications for the D-channet bank.
High resolution imaging of colliding blast waves in cluster media (2007)

Strong shocks and blast wave collisions are commonly observed features in astrophysical objects such as nebulae and supernova remnants. Numerical simulations often underpin our understanding of these complex systems, however modelling of such extreme phenomena remains challenging, particularly so for the case of radiative or colliding shocks. This highlights the need for well-characterized laboratory experiments both to guide physical insight and to provide robust data for code benchmarking. Creating a sufficiently high-energy-density gas medium for conducting scaled laboratory astrophysics experiments has historically been problematic, but the unique ability of atomic cluster gases to efficiently couple to intense pulses of laser light now enables table top scale (1 J input energy) studies to be conducted at gas densities of > 10(19) particles cm(-3) with an initial energy density >5 x 10(9) J g(-1) . By laser heating atomic cluster gas media we can launch strong (up to Mach 55) shocks in a range of geometries, with and without radiative precursors. These systems have been probed with a range of optical and interferometric diagnostics in order to retrieve electron density profiles and blast wave trajectories. Colliding cylindrical shock systems have also been studied, however the strongly asymmetric density profiles and radial and longitudinal mass flow that result demand a more complex diagnostic technique based on tomographic phase reconstruction. We have used the 3D magnetoresistive hydrocode GORGON to model these systems and to highlight interesting features such as the formation of a Mach stem for further study.
Development of real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction methods for human rabies diagnosis (2009)

To improve timely ante-mortem human rabies diagnosis, methods to detect viral RNA by TaqMan-based quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) have been developed. Three sets of two primers and one internal dual-labeled probe for each primer set that target distinct conserved regions of the rabies virus N gene were designed and evaluated. Using a collection of 203 isolates representative of the world-wide diversity of rabies virus, all three primers/probe sets were shown to detect a wide range of rabies virus strains with very few detection failures; the RABVD1 set in particular was the most broadly reactive. These qRT-PCR assays were shown to be quantitative over a wide range of viral titer and were 100-1,000 times more sensitive than nested RT-PCR; however, both the standard and real-time PCR methods yielded concordant results when used to test a collection of archived human suspect samples. The qRT-PCR assay was employed to monitor virus load in the saliva of a rabies virus-infected patient undergoing the Milwaukee treatment protocol. However in this case it would appear that reduction of the viral load in the patient's saliva over time did not appear to correlate well with clearance of viral components from the brain.
ChemInform Abstract: The Spectroscopy of the (Ru(bpy)3)2+ System (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Costs and benefits of rapid screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care units: a prospective multicenter study (2012)

In a low endemic setting for MRSA, RDT safely reduced the number of unnecessary isolation days on ICUs by 44%, at the costs of €121.76 to €136.04 per isolation day avoided.
Assignment of the human gene for the low density lipoprotein receptor to chromosome 19: synteny of a receptor, a ligand, and a genetic disease. (1984)

The availability of a species-specific monoclonal antibody that recognizes the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor of human but not hamster origin permitted assignment of the structural gene for the human receptor to chromosome 19. The antibody was used to detect the human LDL receptor in a series of hamster-human somatic cell hybrids by two assays: (i) a structural assay that measured cellular incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoprecipitable receptor and (ii) a functional assay that measured the rate of receptor-dependent uptake and degradation of the 125I-labeled anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Both assays showed that the human LDL receptor was expressed in 15 out of 20 hybrid cell lines. Expression of the human LDL receptor was 100% concordant with the presence of human chromosome 19; all other human chromosomes showed at least 25% discordance. As expected, the gene for the LDL receptor (LDLR) is located on the same chromosome as the gene for the disease familial hypercholesterolemia, which has been previously mapped to chromosome 19 by pedigree studies and is caused by allelic mutations at the LDL receptor locus. The gene for apolipoprotein E, a ligand for the LDL receptor, is also known to be located on chromosome 19, raising the possibility of an evolutionary link between a protein ligand and its receptor.
A general, abstract model of incremental dialogue processing (2009)

We present a general model and conceptual framework for specifying architectures for incremental processing in dialogue systems, in particular with respect to the topology of the network of modules that make up the system, the way information flows through this network, how information increments are 'packaged', and how these increments are processed by the modules. This model enables the precise specification of incremental systems and hence facilitates detailed comparisons between systems, as well as giving guidance on designing new systems.
Polo-Like Kinase 1: Target and Regulator of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome–Dependent Proteolysis (2006)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a key regulator of progression through mitosis. Although Plk1 seems to be dispensable for entry into mitosis, its role in spindle formation and exit from mitosis is crucial. Recent evidence suggests that a major role of Plk1 in exit from mitosis is the regulation of inhibitors of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), such as the early mitotic inhibitor 1 (Emi1) and spindle checkpoint proteins. Thus, Plk1 and the APC/C control mitotic regulators by both phosphorylation and targeted ubiquitylation to ensure the fidelity of chromosome separation at the metaphase to anaphase transition. The mechanisms underlying the control of genomic stability by Plk1 are discussed in this review.
A novel, tapered, both in dimension and in index, velocity coupler switch (1993)

A digital optical switch using a velocity coupler tapered both in dimension and in index, which shows the smallest voltage-length product reported so far for digital optical switches, is presented. Numerical results for the graded-index channel waveguide coupler, which can be applied to all z-variant structures with 2D graded-index profile, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects (2008)

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we observed no overall effect of 26 weeks of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on cognitive performance.
Solution Structure of Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (Residues 1–34) Containing an Ala Substituted for an Ile in Position 15 (PTHrP[Ala15]-(1–34)) (1997)

The structure of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) related protein (residues 1-34) containing an Ala substituted for an Ile in position 15 was studied by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This mutant retains quite high levels of adenylate cyclase activity based on slightly reduced PTH receptor binding capacity. Three segments of helix were revealed extending from His5 to Lys11, Lys13 to Arg19, and from Phe22 to Thr33/Ala34, with a decided kink between the first two helices around Gly12. N- and C-terminal helices were stabilized by charged and hydrophobic side chain interactions between His5 and Glu30, Asp17 and both His9 and His25, and between Leu8 and Ala29, resulting in a globular molecule occupying a single conformation. While the structure of the entire mid-molecule region differed greatly from the structure of the native peptide, the structure of both N- and C-terminal regions remains essentially unaltered. The residues responsible for initiating signal transduction in the mutant are located in the vicinity of the residues responsible for receptor binding. The C-terminal amphipathic helix forming the receptor binding site exhibits reduced binding as a result of the closely applied N-terminal signal transduction-activating region. Although not contributing directly to receptor binding, the N-terminal region can sterically affect hormone binding through modifications to certain N-terminal side chains.
MaJIC (2002)

This paper presents and evaluates techniques to improve the execution performance of MATLAB. Previous efforts concentrated on source to source translation and batch compilation; MaJIC provides an interactive frontend that looks like MATLAB and compiles/optimizes code behind the scenes in real time, employing a combination of just-in-time and speculative ahead-of-time compilation. Performance results show that the proper mixture of these two techniques can yield near-zero response time as well as performance gains previously achieved only by batch compilers.
Standard System for Infecting Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (1993)

A standard system for infecting ticks with the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner is defined. Rodents infected via tick feeding or inoculation of tick homogenates were more infectious to ticks than rodents infected with culture-derived spirochetes. White laboratory mice were more infectious than hamsters. Three strains of B. burgdorferi (JD1, B31, and WI210) produced batches of infected ticks with >80% infection when mice were infected with tick-derived material. Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman & Corwin were 3.6× more efficient than I. pacificus Cooley & Kohls in acquiring and maintaining infection with two California strains of B. burgdorferi, originally isolated from I. pacificus.
Development Finance (2011)

The Chinese banking system remained resilient during the 2007 global financial crisis because of three factors: (1) capital-control policies have limited its exposure to international capital and credit markets; (2) it is focused on traditional banking rather than securitization activities; and (3) it is dominated by state-owned banks that avail themselves of public trust. Although China's state-owned banks are often criticized for lending primarily to state-owned enterprises, this article argues that through credit generation, Chinese banks help to produce a Schumpeterian-Keynesian credit-investment-income-creation process that has led to the country's decades of fast growth. Given that credit creation is not constrained by prior savings, lending to state-owned enterprises need not be reduced in order to increase lending to private enterprises. The article concludes by examining three main challenges facing Chinese banks.
A Comparison of the Normal Stress And Hydraulic Conductivity Coupling For Fractures In the Laboratory And In-situ (2010)

The coupling between hydraulic conductivity and normal stress along a discrete fracture has been developed from laboratory tests on small-scale samples. Those results for crystalline rock show a strong coupling between flow and normal stress, particularly when the normal stress is less than approximately 10 MPa. The flow for 611 discrete fractures was determined at the Forsmark site over depths ranging from 100 to 800 m. The orientation of the these discrete fractures were determined using Bips images and the normal stress acting on the fracture calculated from the in-situ stress model for the site. The strong coupling between stress and flow observed in small-scale laboratory tests is not supported by the in situ results.
Tetrathiomolybdate Inhibits Copper Trafficking Proteins Through Metal Cluster Formation (2009)

Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is an orally active agent for treatment of disorders of copper metabolism. Here we describe how TM inhibits proteins that regulate copper physiology. Crystallographic results reveal that the surprising stability of the drug complex with the metallochaperone Atx1 arises from formation of a sulfur-bridged copper-molybdenum cluster reminiscent of those found in molybdenum and iron sulfur proteins. Spectroscopic studies indicate that this cluster is stable in solution and corresponds to physiological clusters isolated from TM-treated Wilson's disease animal models. Finally, mechanistic studies show that the drug-metallochaperone inhibits metal transfer functions between copper-trafficking proteins. The results are consistent with a model wherein TM can directly and reversibly down-regulate copper delivery to secreted metalloenzymes and suggest that proteins involved in metal regulation might be fruitful drug targets.