gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Optical Power Splitter With Variable Power Splitting Ratio (2011)

An optical power splitter based on two parallel and identical spot-size mode converters is proposed. The mode converters are used to couple light directly from a lensed single-mode fiber, and lights in the mode converters are further separated with respective connecting s-bend waveguides. Factors affecting coupling efficiency and power splitting ratio of the device have been investigated with simulations. An optical power splitter based on silicon-on-insulator has been fabricated and optically characterized. Both the simulations and experiments show that the splitter can achieve variable optical power splitting ratio and have very low excess loss. The splitter can also be inversely used to combine two beams from a photonic integrated circuit into a fiber.
Coaggregation and biofilm growth of Granulicatella spp. with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2015)

G. elegans failed to form biofilm with F. nucleatum despite the strongest coaggregation with it. The ability of Granulicatella spp. to coaggregate and/or form biofilms with F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans strains suggests that Granulicatella spp. have the potential to integrate into dental plaque biofilms.
Application of Chromatography. XXXIV. Structure of the Purple Fluorescent Substance produced by Eremothecium ashbyii. (1958)

Basing on various experimental results the authors corrected the conclusion made in previous papers. In the present work the photodecomposition product of V-compound produced by Er. ashbyii was established to be 2, 4, 7-trihydroxy-6-methylpteridine, and therefore the structure of V-compound was presumed to be as shown below.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H) in the Salvage Treatment of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia—Change of Regimen Needed? (2003)

We report on the response rate and tolerability of Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in a series of heavily pretreated patients with B-CLL with a special focus on treatment-related problems. All patients tested positive for CD52 on B-lymphocytes before entering the trial. Thirteen patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), 1 prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), 1 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and 1 leukemic immunocytoma (IC) transformed into a high-grade NHL were included. Median age was 62 years (range 40-73), and pretreatment consisted of median 3 prior regimens (range 1-11). All patients received 3, 10 and 30 mg of Campath-1H on sequential days, and then were subsequently scheduled for 30 mg 3 times weekly. Nine out of 16 patients responded. One patient attained complete remission (CR), 8 patients achieved partial remission (PR), while 4 patients had stable disease (SD). Three patients had progressive disease (PD). Beginning with initiation of treatment recurrent profound leukopenia became evident in 13 out of 16 patients leading to treatment discontinuation. Severe nonhematological toxicity (WHO grade IV bronchospasm) occurred in the first patient of this series, who initially had no concomitant steroids. Therefore, we developed a steroid co-medication regimen for the first 4 Campath-1H applications with quick tapering thereafter. Following this regimen, no infusion associated side effects WHO grade > II were observed. Infectious complications leading to treatment discontinuation consisted of pulmonary aspergillosis in one and bacterial pneumonia in another case. One patient with refractory B-CLL and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia plus CMV reactivation died. In summary, Campath-1H appears to be effective against leukemic low-grade B-NHL, also in advanced stage. In our series, application 3 times weekly was not possible due to hematotoxicity. We recommend, therefore, flexible time intervals depending on the leukocyte counts. Whether a cumulative dosage according to 3 x 30 mg Campath-1H for 12 weeks is needed still remains to be clarified.
Optical Crystallograpy by E. E. Wahlstrom (1951)

REVIEWSintensities.Thus the overall computational accuracy of 5~o, which the author recommends, will be required for very precise determinations only.In the main part of the book the author discusses the different ' methods for computing one-, two-and threedimensional syntheses by direct calculation or by Hollerith machines, and other mechanical, electrical and optical devices.This part contains many interesting ideas and may give valuable suggestions to those who are concerned with the development of new equipment for Fourier synthesis, and, indeed, for everybody who has repeatedly to carry out such calculations.The second volume consists of tables of the function cos 27rhx cos 21rky in steps of ~8 for x and y between 0 and ½.The reviewer regrets to say that this table is only of very limited use.In many cases a step difference of 1 is not sufficient; an efficient use of the table can be
Einleitende Bemerkungen (1994)

Wir haben uns in dieses Gelände ein Stück weit vorgewagt. Anlaß hierfür waren Literaturbefunde, die Unzulänglichkeiten in der Behandlung des Führungsphänomens bei einer ausschließlichen Fokussierung auf die Führer- und Geführtenposition beklagten sowie gleichlautende Aussagen von Führungspraktikern, die in Gesprächen des öfteren darauf hinwiesen, daß sich Führer und Geführter in einem Beeinflussungsgeflecht verschiedener Interessen befänden und dieser Sachverhalt in den ihnen vermittelten Führungstheorien insgesamt nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt werde.
Spontaneous Two-Photon Emission from a Single Quantum Dot (2011)

Spontaneous two-photon emission from a solid-state single quantum emitter is observed. We investigated photoluminescence from the neutral biexciton in a single semiconductor quantum dot coupled with a high Q photonic crystal nanocavity. When the cavity is resonant to the half energy of the biexciton, the strong vacuum field in the cavity inspires the biexciton to simultaneously emit two photons into the mode, resulting in clear emission enhancement of the mode. Meanwhile, the suppression of other single photon emission from the biexciton was observed, as the two-photon emission process becomes faster than the others at the resonance.
Topotecan research moves forward at last. (1995)

Research on SmithKline Beecham's topotecan, stalled during a patent dispute, is now being investigated for its anti-HIV and AIDS-related malignancy potential. One study found that treatment with high doses of topotecan over three months resulted in no new virus production, even when stimulated with HIV promoters, and further analysis of the genes revealed mutations in HIV that seemed to render the virus sterile. SmithKline claims the drug is too toxic to use simply as an anti-HIV agent so it has embarked on two AIDS-related malignancy studies: a lymphoma trial and a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) study. Researchers of both studies will monitor patients' CD4 and CD8 cell counts as well as HIV load changes. It is believed that a topotecan derivative inactive against topoisomerase I may still inhibit HIV via the HIV long terminal repeat. Such a topotecan analog could be much less toxic than topotecan itself and therefore more applicable as a treatment against HIV. Studies may start in April or May. One study indicated that topotecan was active against the JC virus, the pathogen for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). AIDS activists have put considerable pressure on SmithKline to release enough drug for a pilot study of topotecan's effects on patients with PML, and SmithKline has agreed.
1 kW Power Transmission Using Wireless Acoustic-Electric Feedthrough (WAEF) (2008)

A variety of space applications require the delivery of power into sealed structures. Since the structural integrity can be degraded by holes for cabling we present an alternative method of delivering power and information using stress waves to the internal space of a sealed structure. One particular application of this technology is in sample return missions where it is critical to preserve the sample integrity and to prevent earth contamination. Therefore, the container has to be hermetically sealed and the integrity of the seal must be monitored in order to insure to a high degree of reliability the integrity of the sample return vessel. In this study we investigated the use of piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feed-through devices to transfer electric power wirelessly through a solid wall by using elastic or acoustic waves. The technology is applicable to a range of space and terrestrial applications where power is required by electronic equipment inside sealed containers, vacuum or pressure vessels, etc., where holes in the wall are prohibitive or may result in significant structural performance degradation or unnecessarily complex designs. To meet requirements of higher power applications, the feasibility to transfer kilowatts level power was investigated. Pre-stressed longitudinal piezoelectric feed-through devices were analyzed by finite element models and an equivalent circuit model was developed to predict the power transfer characteristics to different electric loads. Based on the results of the analysis a prototype device was designed, fabricated and a demonstration of the transmission of electric power up to 1.068-kW was successfully conducted. Efficiencies in the 80–90% range were also demonstrated and methods to increase the efficiency further are currently being considered.
Inrush current reduction technology of DAB converter for low‐voltage battery systems and DC bus connections in DC microgrids (2020)

Low‐voltage battery energy storage system and dual active bridge (DAB) converter control method for DC bus connection in DC microgrid. To use power efficiently in a DC microgrid, power must be easily transferred in both directions. DAB converters can easily transfer power in both directions using only the phase shift of the gate at 50% fixed duty on the primary and secondary sides. In the transient state, however, an overcurrent occurs to charge the output capacitor. A soft start algorithm is used to overcome this overcurrent problem. In the conventional method, the control complexity and response characteristics are slow because the duty control is included and the algorithm is performed in several stages. In this study, a gate drive circuit is constructed using a pulse transformer for 50% fixed duty control and short circuit protection. A soft start control algorithm is proposed, including a first‐order phase shift scheme for the stable soft start at 50% fixed duty. The 3 kW prototype DAB converter is designed and implemented for bidirectional power conversion testing. The experimental results show that stable power transfer is achieved in the initial transient state through bidirectional output control and soft start.
From Vetiver to Patchouli: Discovery of a NewHigh‐Impact Spirocyclic Patchouli Odorant (2005)

Abstract In the course of synthetic work on new vetiver odorants, a new, potent patchouli odorant was discovered. Its structure was elucidated as 1‐hydroxy‐1,4,7,7,9‐pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan‐2‐one ( 15 / 16 ), and both diastereoisomers were synthesized from the previously reported 4,7,7,9‐tetramethyl‐1‐methylenespiro[4.5]decan‐2‐one by epoxidation with m ‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid, reduction with lithium aluminum hydride, and subsequent oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate or Dess–Martin periodinane. The 1,4‐ unlike ‐isomer 15 was found to be the diastereoisomer with the most powerful odor, and its excellent odor threshold of 0.067 ng/L air triggered the synthesis of the derivatives 19 , 22 , 23 , and 26 possessing a different methyl substitution pattern or ring size. Glycol cleavage in the oxidation step was circumvented by Swern oxidation. Three further 4‐ demethylated derivatives, 32 , 33 , and 34 , were prepared by a short sequence consisting of Diels–Alder reaction with 4‐methylene‐5‐oxohexanenitrile ( 28 ), reductive radical cyclization mediated by the titanocene(III) complex Cp 2 Ti(Ph)( i Pr), and standard hydrogenation. Finally, the enantiomers of 15 were separated by forming their SAMP hydrazones, which were subsequently cleaved by ozonolysis. The odor of the racemate 15 was shown to be exclusively due to the (+)‐(1 S ,4 R ,5 R ,9 S )‐configured enantiomer 38 , the stereocenters of which superimpose well with those of (–)‐patchoulol ( 3 ), the odorous principle of patchouli oil. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Effects of adjunct glucosamine sulfate on relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis progression: Preliminary findings of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2010)

Adding glucosamine sulfate to routine disease modifying-therapy had no significant effect on relapse rate or disease progression during the treatment period. A larger phase-III multicenter study of glucosamine sulfate in RRMS is warranted to more assess the efficacy of this intervention.
Comparison of Four SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays (2020)

Neutralizing antibodies are a major correlate of protection for many viruses including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vaccine candidates should potently induce neutralizing antibodies to render effective protection from infection. A variety of in vitro assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies has been described. However, validation of the different assays against each other is important to allow comparison of different studies. Here, we compared four different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays using the same set of patient samples. Two assays used replication competent SARS-CoV-2, a focus forming assay and a TCID<sub>50</sub>-based assay, while the other two assays used replication defective lentiviral or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike. All assays were robust and produced highly reproducible neutralization titers. Titers of neutralizing antibodies correlated well between the different assays and with the titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein binding antibodies detected in an ELISA. Our study showed that commonly used SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays are robust and that results obtained with different assays are comparable.
Thrombomodulin alfa prevents oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic symptoms through activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and protein C without affecting anti-tumor activity (2020)

Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used to treat colorectal cancer, but it induces peripheral neuropathy as a serious dose-limiting side effect. Recently, thrombomodulin alfa, a recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, was reported to prevent oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in a clinical phase 2 study. Here we conducted preclinical pharmacology studies. Rats were given oxaliplatin (6 mg/kg) intravenously to induce mechanical hyperalgesia associated with peripheral neuropathy. Single intravenous administration of thrombomodulin alfa (0.1, 0.3, 1 mg/kg) dose dependently prevented the development of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, with no sex difference in the efficacy. The preventative effect of thrombomodulin alfa on mechanical hyperalgesia was attenuated by antithrombin or carboxypeptidase inhibitor. In addition, carboxypeptidase B, a homolog of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and human-derived activated protein C, prevented mechanical hyperalgesia, whereas antithrombin or other anti-coagulants did not. These results suggest that thrombomodulin alfa prevents sensory symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy through the activation of TAFI and protein C by modulating thrombin activity, but the effects are independent of an anticoagulant effect. On the other hand, thrombomodulin alfa did not affect the anti-cancer activity of oxaliplatin on human colon cancer cell lines or mice transplanted with HCT116 cells. These results indicate that thrombomodulin alfa prevents sensory symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy without affecting the anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin. Therefore, thrombomodulin alfa is a promising drug to prevent the symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Diffusion of Moisture in Adhesively Bonded Joints (2001)

Abstract In this article, diffusion of moisture in adhesively bonded composite joints is discussed and analysed experimentally, analytically and numerically. The experimental studies concentrate on moisture diffusion in adhesive films and in unidirectional and multidirectional composite substrates exposed to two different conditioning environments, namely 45°C/85% RH and 90°C/97% RH for the absorption studies and 90°C/ambient for the desorption studies. The coefficients of diffusion are determined from the water uptake plots. The analytical solutions for diffusion in joints with impermeable adherends are based on the classical theory of diffusion and are used to derive equations in two-dimensions for different adhesive fillet shapes, namely radiused fillet, triangular fillet and rectangular fillet. In the finite element analysis, the diffusion of moisture from the composite substrates into lap-strap joints is also taken into account. Both unidirectional and multidirectional composites are considered, as well as two different fillet shapes, i.e., rectangular and triangular fillet. A comparison between the results obtained using FEA and those obtained using the analytical solution is made. Finally, fatigue test data for lap-strap joints aged and tested in different environments is presented and a tentative link between fatigue threshold and water concentration at the site of failure initiation is made, indicating a semi-empirical method of predicting the strength of joints subjected to moisture-induced degradation.
Two-photon absorption and Kerr coefficients of silicon for 850–2200nm (2007)

The degenerate two-photon absorption coefficient β and Kerr nonlinearity n2 are measured for bulk Si at 300K using 200fs pulses with carrier wavelength of 850&lt;λ&lt;2200nm for which indirect gap transitions occur. With a broad peak near the indirect gap and maximum value of 2±0.5cm∕GW, the dispersion of β compares favorably with theoretical calculations of Garcia and Kalyanaraman [J. Phys. B 39, 2737 (2006)]. Within our wavelength range, n2 varies by a factor of 4 with a peak value of 1.2×10−13cm2∕W at λ=1800nm.
Effect of a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, LY293111, on allergen induced responses in asthma. (1996)

These results demonstrate an influence of LTB4 on neutrophil influx and activation in the airway following allergen challenge. Despite this anti-inflammatory effect, there was no measured physiological benefit and this questions the functional role of the neutrophil in the pathophysiology of allergen induced asthma.
Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by the PPARα ligand, Wy-14,643, is dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway (2003)

Impairment of the fibrinolytic system, mostly due to elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), is often associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and insulin-resistance syndrome. Moreover, insulin, as we have previously shown, directly stimulates PAI-1 production with a mechanism underlying a complex signaling network which ultimately leads to ERK activation. In this study we have analyzed the effects of agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma on PAI-1 biosynthesis in HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of insulin. The high affinity PPARalpha agonist, Wy-14,643, increased basal and insulin-stimulated PAI-1 antigen release with a mechanism involving gene transcription. We then investigated whether the MAP kinase pathway also plays a role in the stimulatory properties of Wy-L4,643. Wy-L4,643 increases phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in a time-dependent manner without affecting that of SAPK/JNK or ERK5. Moreover, the MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitors, PD98059 and UO126, completely prevented PAI-1 induction by Wy-14,643 without inhibiting the activation of a reporter gene carrying the PPRE element. Interestingly, the addition of p38 inhibitor followed by insulin and Wy-14,643 resulted in a greater than additive stimulation of PAI-1 secretion acting through ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, did not change PAI-1 level, although this compound induced transcription from the PPRE-driven luciferase reporter construct. In conclusion, Wy-14,643 induces PAI-1 gene expression, in the presence or absence of insulin, with a mechanism which is independent on PPARalpha activation and requires signaling through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Test of the potential of a dATP surrogate for sequencing via MALDI-MS (1997)

1-(2'-Deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole phosphate was incorporated into a DNA decamer and analyzed via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The extent and composition of the various fragment peaks were compared with those in the MALDI-MS spectrum of dT4AT5. The nitropyrrole-containing oligomer proved to be more robust. Two different DNA template assays were then used to attempt to identify DNA replicating enzymes that would incorporate the corresponding triphosphate, i.e. 1-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3-nitropyrrole triphosphate (dXTP). It was shown that dXTP was not incorporated by some enzymes and it inhibited others. However, DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase incorporated dXTP in place of dATP and then replicated the template overhang in the usual way. The potential of dXTP as a surrogate for dATP in DNA sequencing with MALDI-MS analysis is discussed.
Reduction Operations in Parallel Loops for GPGPUs (2014)

Manycore accelerators offer the potential of significantly improving the performance of scientific applications when offloading compute intensive portions of programs to the accelerators. Directive-based programming models such as OpenACC and OpenMP are high-level programming model for users to create applications for accelerators by annotating region of code for offloading with directives. In these programming models, most of the offloaded kernels are data parallel loops processing one or multiple multi-dimensional arrays, and it is often that scalar variables are used in the parallel loop body for reduction operations. Since reduction operation itself has loop-carried dependency preventing the parallelization of the loops, this could have a significant impact on the performance if not handled properly.
Molecular Mobility in Amorphous Biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) and Poly(ethylene 2,4-furandicarboxylate) (2018)

Among all the emergent biobased polymers, poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (2,5-PEF) seems to be particularly interesting for packaging applications. This work is focused on the investigation of the relaxation dynamics and the macromolecular mobility in totally amorphous 2,5-PEF as well as in the less studied poly(ethylene 2,4-furandicarboxylate) (2,4-PEF). Both biopolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy in a large range of temperatures and frequencies. The main parameters describing the relaxation dynamics and the molecular mobility in 2,5-PEF and 2,4-PEF, such as the glass transition temperature, the temperature dependence of the α and β relaxation times, the fragility index, and the apparent activation energy of the secondary relaxation, were determined and discussed. 2,5-PEF showed a higher value of the dielectric strength as compared to 2,4-PEF and other well-known polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), which was confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. According to the Angell’s classification of glass-forming liquids, amorphous PEFs behave as stronger glass-formers in comparison with other polyesters, which may be correlated to the packing efficiency of the macromolecular chains and therefore to the free volume and the barrier properties.