gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Microsupercapacitors Based on Two-Dimensional Graphene/Manganese Dioxide/Silver Nanowire Ternary Hybrid Film (2015)

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), as one type of significant power source or energy storage unit in microelectronic devices, have attracted more and more attention. However, how to reasonably design electrode structures and exploit the active materials to endow the MSCs with excellent performances in a limited surface area still remains a challenge. Here, a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2)/silver nanowire (AgNW) ternary hybrid film (RGMA ternary hybrid film) is successfully fabricated by a facile vacuum filtration and subsequent thermal reduction, and is used directly as a binder-free electrode for MSCs. Additionally, a flexible, transparent, all-solid state RMGA-MSC is also built, and its electrochemical performance in an ionic liquid gel electrolyte are investigated in depth. Notably, the RGMA-MSCs display superior electrochemical properties, including exceptionally high rate capability (up to 50000 mV·s(-1)), high frequency response (very short corresponding time constant τ0 = 0.14 ms), and excellent cycle stability (90.3% of the initial capacitance after 6000 cycles in ionic liquid gel electrolyte). Importantly, the electrochemical performance of RGMA-MSCs shows a strong dependence on the geometric parameters including the interspace between adjacent fingers and the width of the finger of MSCs. These encouraging results may not only provide important references for the design and fabrication of high-performance MSCs, but also make the RGMA ternary hybrid film promising for the next generation film lithium ion batteries and other energy storage devices.
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using a Unilateral Single Cage and a Local Morselized Bone Graft in the Degenerative Lumbar Spine (2009)

PLIF using a unilateral single cage filled with a local morselized bone graft has the advantages of a shorter operation time, less blood loss and a shorter hospital stay, as compared with the PLIF using bilateral cages, for treating degenerative lumbar spine disease. This technique also provides excellent outcomes according to the clinical and radiological evaluation.
Comparison of two interferon-gamma release assays (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB) in testing for latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected adults (2013)

There is currently no 'gold standard' for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and both the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used for diagnosis; the latter have a higher sensitivity than tuberculin skin tests for diagnosis of LTBI in HIV-infected individuals with lower CD4 counts. No evidence base exists for selection of IGRA methodology to identify LTBI among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the UK. We prospectively evaluated two commercially available IGRA methods (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube [QFG] and T-SPOT.TB) for testing LTBI among HIV-infected patients potentially nosocomially exposed to an HIV-infected patient with 'smear-positive' pulmonary tuberculosis. Among the exposed patients median CD4 count was 550 cells/µL; 105 (90%) of 117 were receiving antiretroviral therapy, of who 104 (99%) had an undetectable plasma HIV load. IGRAs were positive in 12 patients (10.3%); QFG positive in 11 (9.4%) and T-SPOT.TB positive in six (5.1%); both IGRAs were positive in five patients (4.3%). There was one indeterminate QFG and one borderline T-SPOT.TB result. Concordance between the two IGRAs was moderate (κ = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.85). IGRAs were positive in only 4 (29%) of 14 patients with previous culture-proven tuberculosis. No patient developed tuberculosis during 20 months of follow-up.
Prevention and Control of Influenza (1985)

These recommendations update for 1985-86 the information on the vaccine and antiviral agent available for control of influenza. Changes include addition of statements about the route of vaccine administration; the use of amantadine in medical personnel during influenza A outbreaks; the need to prepare contingency plans to expedite use of amantadine in aborting influenza A outbreaks among residents of institutions; and reduction in the dosage of amantadine for older patients or persons with seizure disorders.
A new conformation-specific infrared band of A-DNA in films (1980)

A band at 1185 cm-1 occurs in the infrared spectra of nucleic acids in their A-type conformation which has been reproduced in the literature, too. The absorbance of this band is proportional to the fraction of the A form of DNA samples containing a mixture of different forms. The 1185 cm-1 band has been assigned tentatively to a vibration of the sugar-phosphate backbone with a fairly high contribution from the sugar moiety. Drastic dehydration of the DNA films is accompanied by a continuous intensity decrease of the 1185 cm-1 band indicating a collapse of the A form.
A Bayesian Multiple Testing of Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes in Two-sample Comparison Problem (2006)

The Bayesian approach to multiple testing procedure for one sample testing problem proposed by Scott and Berger (2003) is extended to two-sample comparison problem in microarray experiments. The prior distribution of each gene's mean for one sample is given conditionally on the corresponding gene's mean for the other sample. Posterior distributions of interesting parameters are derived and estimated based on an importance sampling method. A simulated example is given for illustration.
Optical Characterization of Bio-assembled Hybrid Nanostructures (2006)

Biological systems exemplify the utilization of highly specific recognition processes with a diverse set of building blocks for the synthesis and assembly of precisely defined nanomaterials. Consequently, these specialized biological processes and components are appealing for materials synthesis and have included the use of oligonucleotides, proteins, viruses, and antibodies as the primary organizational element. As a result, we present a peptide for gold reduction and synthesis, antibody recognition, and the antibody mediated assembly of gold/QDot nanostructures through a network of antibody-epitope and streptavidin/biotin interfaces. Optically, these structures exhibited increased quenching of fluorescence dependent on the number of attached gold particles. This was furthermore confirmed and consistent with theoretical calculations of exciton-energy transfer processes involving mixed numbers of gold particles per quantum dot.
Preparation, Structure and Application of Mesophase Pitches Prepared from Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using HF/BF3 as Catalysts (1992)

Preparation, structure, properties and a variety of application of mesophase pitches from aromatic hydrocarbons are reviewed to clarify their unique natures in the carbon science and technology. HF/BF3 catalyst oligomerizes a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons into oligomers ranging dimers to decamers, which carry naphthenic hydrogens produced through aryl-aryl coupling. The mesophase pitches can exhibit a variety of properties, reflecting their starting structure and polymerization conditions. For example, softening points of 100% anisotropic pitch range from 210 to 300°C. The mesophase pitches shows excellent carbon yields of 80-90% under atmospheric pressure and over 90% under 3.1 MPa. High reactivity for oxidation in the air and thermal stability under inert atmosphere are additional advantage of the present pitch. Such properties allow a number of their applications for the carbon fiber, carbon tape, composites, high density carbon, porous carbon composite and carbon ceramic composite. Such products exhibited excellent mechanical properties by facile preparation procedure, reflecting the unique properties of the present mesophase pitches whichare now available by a large quantity at a reasonable price.
Ground clutter model for airborne MPRFradarsin look-down search mode (1996)

The performances of a medium pulse repetition frequency (MPRF) radar operating in air-to-air look-down mode are strongly influenced by the presence of ground clutter. The clutter echo received both on the antenna main beam and side lobes can increase the number of false alarms. To correctly account for the effects of ground clutter, one has to develop a model capable of reproducing clutter characteristics as a function of range and frequency. The authors propose a model to estimate range/Doppler distribution of ground clutter mean power. The proposed discrete model permits an easy development of simulation packages which quantify the effects of ground clutter in MPRF systems and which allow the evaluation of MPRF radars performances in most typical operating conditions. Three-dimensional plots of the range/Doppler distribution of mean ground clutter power, obtained by a FORTRAN code that implements the model, are presented. Moreover, the dependence of ground clutter power on important mission and radar parameters is discussed.
Ly6 family member C4.4A binds laminins 1 and 5, associates with galectin‐3 and supports cell migration (2005)

C4.4A is a member of the Ly6 family, with low homology to uPAR. It has been detected mainly on metastasizing carcinoma cells and proposed to be involved in wound healing. So far, C4.4A has been observed as an orphan receptor, and its functional activity has not been explored. Using recombinant rat C4.4A (rrC4.4A) made in a eukaryotic expression system, we demonstrate by immunohistology that C4.4A ligands are strongly expressed in tissues adjacent to squamous epithelia of, e.g., tongue and esophagus, the expression pattern partly overlapping with laminin (LN) and complementing the C4.4A expression that is found predominantly on the basal layers of squamous epithelium. ELISA screening of several components of the extracellular matrix revealed selective binding of rrC4.4A to LN1 and LN5 and that transfection of the BSp73AS tumor line with C4.4A cDNA (BSp73AS-1B1) promoted LN1 and LN5 binding. Binding of BSp73AS-1B1 to LN5 and, less markedly, LN1 induced spreading, lamellipodia formation and migration. C4.4A also associates with galectin-3 in nontransformed tissues and tumor lines. There is evidence that the association of C4.4A with galectin-3 influences LN adhesion. C4.4A was described originally as a metastasis-associated molecule. Our findings that LN1 and LN5 are C4.4A ligands, that galectin-3 associates with C4.4A and that C4.4A ligand binding confers a migratory phenotype are well in line with the supposed metastasis association.
Distributed Sampling-Based Roadmap of Trees for Large-Scale Motion Planning (2005)

High-dimensional problems arising from complex robotic systems test the limits of current motion planners and require the development of efficient distributed motion planners that take full advantage of all the available resources. This paper shows how to effectively distribute the computation of the Sampling-based Roadmap of Trees (SRT) algorithm using a decentralized master-client scheme. The distributed SRT algorithm allows us to solve very high-dimensional problems that cannot be efficiently addressed with existing planners. Our experiments show nearly linear speedups with eighty processors and indicate that similar speedups can be obtained with several hundred processors.
Synthesis of Marine Natural Products in Brazil (1998)

Sche me 1. Synthe sis of the sup po sed struc tu re of de bro mo i so apl ysin-20.
Partial Spreading of a Laser Beam into a Light Sheet by Shock Waves and Its Use as a Shock Detection Technique (1994)

It is observed that when a laser beam is allowed to fall on a shock surface at a grazing incidence, a small part of the beam spreads out in a thin, diverging sheet of light normal to the surface, and both upstream and downstream of the shock. The phenomenon is visualized by observing a cross section of the light sheet on a screen placed normal to the laser path after it touches a shock. The light sheet disappears when the beam is moved to any other locations where there is no shock or the beam pierces the shock surface, i.e., at a non-grazing incidence. The spread angle of the light sheet is considerably higher than the angle by which the beam may bend as it passes through the shock, which produces a small difference of refractive index. Various details indicate that the spread light is a result of diffraction of a small part of the laser beam by the shock whose thickness is nearly the same as that of the laser wavelength. Shocks formed in underexpanded free jets of fully expanded Mach numbers 1.4 to 1.8 are used for this experiment. The above optical phenomenon is used as the basis of a novel shock detection technique which depends on sensing the spread light using a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The locations of the shock surfaces in the underexpanded supersonic jet, obtained using this technique, match with those inferred from the Schlieren photographs and velocity measurements. Moreover, if the shock oscillates, a periodic PMT signal is obtained which provides information about the frequency and amplitude of shock motion.
Free radical biology – terminology and critical thinking (2004)

What is an antioxidant? Can one, at a cellular level, speak of direct and indirect antioxidants? Can oxidative stress be quantified and characterized? What are the oxidant species that may have regulatory functions in a cell? Since the above concepts have become of frequent use in all Journals, it may be appropriate if some critical thinking outlined in this review could become available to a broad public.
OXIDATION OF CELLULOSE (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOXIDATION OF CELLULOSERichard L. Kenyon, R. H. Hasek, Lee G. Davy, and K. J. BroadbooksCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 1, 2–8Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50469a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50469a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A comparison of novel and state-of-the-art polynomial Bayesian network learning algorithms (2005)

Learning the most probable a posteriori Bayesian network from data has been shown to be an NP-Hard problem and typical state-of-the-art algorithms are exponential in the worst case. However, an important open problem in the field is to identify the least restrictive set of assumptions and corresponding algorithms under which learning the optimal network becomes polynomial. In this paper, we present a technique for learning the skeleton of a Bayesian network, called Polynomial Max-Min Skeleton (PMMS), and compare it with Three Phase Dependency Analysis, another state-ofthe-art polynomial algorithm. This analysis considers both the theoretical and empirical differences between the two algorithms, and demonstrates PMMS’s advantages in both respects. When extended with a greedy hill-climbing Bayesianscoring search to orient the edges, the novel algorithm proved more time efficient, scalable, and accurate in quality of reconstruction than most state-of-the-art Bayesian network learning algorithms. The results show promise of the existence of polynomial algorithms that are provably correct under minimal distributional assumptions.
Oxazoline <i>N</i>-Oxide-Mediated [2+3] Cycloadditions. Application to a Synthesis of (−)-Tetrahydrolipstatin (1999)

[reaction: see text] A [2+3] cycloaddition of camphor-derived oxazoline N-oxide to alpha,beta-unsaturated ester afforded adduct 8. Tetrahydrolipstatin 1 was prepared from this compound in a nine-step sequence of reactions.
Examining the Causal Relationships Among Selected Antecedents of Responsible Environmental Behavior (2000)

Abstract Attitude models have been widely applied to natural resource management to ensure responsible environmental behavior. For a variety of applications, the causality among selected antecedents, such as knowledge of environmental issues, locus of control, attitude, personal responsibility, and intention to act on responsible environmental behavior has not yet been tested empirically. A hypothesized causal model based on Hine's (1986) model on responsible environmental behavior was developed. The data from 523 visitors to the urban forest trail in the Kwang-Reung Arboretum, Korea, during September 1995 were used for testing the suggested causal model. Path analysis using the LISREL program tested the model fit and statistical effects of variables. In terms of the effects on intention to act, locus of control and attitude are more important than knowledge and personal responsibility. Our findings suggest that in order to enhance responsible environmental behavior, environmental education and interpretation systems need to focus on changing the internal locus of control. Several recommendations, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Harmine activates intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma (2011)

Harmine activates both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and regulates some transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
High‐Resolution <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR Spectroscopy of Free and Glycosidically Linked <i>O</i>‐ Acetylated Sialic Acids (1982)

A number of naturally occurring and synthetic, partially O-acetylated derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycoloylneuraminic acids have been investigated by 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. O-Acetylation causes strong downfield shifts for the resonances of neighbouring sugar-skeleton protons. The chemical shifts of these resonances, together with their characteristic multiplet shapes, can be used for localisation of the position of O-acetyl substituents in the molecule. The number of such substituents in the molecule can be inferred from the number of acetyl-methyl singlets, which also have characteristic resonance positions. This method for determination of the number and position of O-acetyl substituents in sialic acid residues is very powerful for structural analysis of underivatized carbohydrate chains derived from glycoconjugates. This is demonstrated for the oligosaccharide N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminosyl-(alpha 2 leads to 3)-lactose isolated from echidna milk.
Integration of MOSFET Transistors in MEMS Resonators for Improved Output Detection (2007)

Micro-electromechanical (MEM) laterally vibrating square resonators and beams, fabricated via a prototyping technology combining FIB-micromachined gaps with conventional UV lithography in 1.35 μm thick SOI are presented. Resonators with both capacitive and MOSFET detection and gaps of ~100 nm are demonstrated. Resonance frequencies of 32 MHz and 13 MHz were measured for squares and beams, respectively. The square shaped resonators have Q-factors in the order of 4000. This paper reports on a vibrating body MOS transistor active detection scheme integrated in a MEMS fabrication process to improve the signal read out.
A General Solution to the Modular Synthesis of Polyketide Building Blocks by Kanemasa Hydroxy-Directed Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions This work was supported by the ETH-Zürich, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Merck, and Novartis. J.W.B. thanks the National Science Foundation (USA) for a predoctoral fellowship. We are grateful to Boehringer-Ingelheim for a generous gift of (R)-3-buten-2-ol. (2001)

A single, convenient reaction protocol and the same set of readily available starting materials suffice for the modular synthesis of all possible polypropionate diastereomers. This general method for the diastereoselective synthesis of syn, anti, and methyl ketone aldol adducts utilizes a powerful Mg<sup>II</sup> -mediated, hydroxy-directed nitrile oxide cycloaddition. The free hydroxy group provides an ideal synthetic handle enabling the rapid assembly of complex polyketide structures. TBS=tBuMe<sub>2</sub> Si.
Hand Tracking and Gesture Recognition for Human-Computer Interaction (2005)

The proposed work is part of a project that aims for the control of a videogame based on hand gesture recognition. This goal implies the restriction of real-time response and unconstrained environments. In this paper we present a real-time algorithm to track and recognise hand gestures for interacting with the videogame. This algorithm is based on three main steps: hand segmentation, hand tracking and gesture recognition from hand features. For the hand segmentation step we use the colour cue due to the characteristic colour values of human skin, its invariant properties and its computational simplicity. To prevent errors from hand segmentation we add a second step, hand tracking. Tracking is performed assuming a constant velocity model and using a pixel labeling approach. From the tracking process we extract several hand features that are fed to a finite state classifier which identifies the hand configuration. The hand can be classified into one of the four gesture classes or one of the four different movement directions. Finally, using the system’s performance evaluation results we show the usability of the algorithm in a video game environment.
Secure Payment Routing Protocol for Economic Systems Based on Blockchain (2018)

Blockchain, as secure means for asset transfer, greatly attracts the attention of the global economic community. However, scalability strongly hampers the growth of economic systems based on the blockchain technology. Bidirectional micropayment channels are suitable solutions for scalability on economic systems based on blockchain. However, the challenge presented by micropayment channels is the inefficient routing mechanisms and timelocks generated per channel for a given path chosen to execute a transaction. In this paper, we develop suitable routing algorithms for economic systems based on blockchain. We additionally derive suitable equations to generate unique timelocks for channels belonging to selected paths chosen to execute a transaction. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of the protocol based on number of connections and bandwidth with evidence showing the efficiency and scalability of the routing mechanism.