gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved diagonal queue medical image steganography using Chaos theory, LFSR, and Rabin cryptosystem (2016)

In this article, we have proposed an improved diagonal queue medical image steganography for patient secret medical data transmission using chaotic standard map, linear feedback shift register, and Rabin cryptosystem, for improvement of previous technique (Jain and Lenka in Springer Brain Inform 3:39-51, 2016). The proposed algorithm comprises four stages, generation of pseudo-random sequences (pseudo-random sequences are generated by linear feedback shift register and standard chaotic map), permutation and XORing using pseudo-random sequences, encryption using Rabin cryptosystem, and steganography using the improved diagonal queues. Security analysis has been carried out. Performance analysis is observed using MSE, PSNR, maximum embedding capacity, as well as by histogram analysis between various Brain disease stego and cover images.
Streptococcus iniae SF1: Complete Genome Sequence, Proteomic Profile, and Immunoprotective Antigens (2014)

Streptococcus iniae is a Gram-positive bacterium that is reckoned one of the most severe aquaculture pathogens. It has a broad host range among farmed marine and freshwater fish and can also cause zoonotic infection in humans. Here we report for the first time the complete genome sequence as well as the host factor-induced proteomic profile of a pathogenic S. iniae strain, SF1, a serotype I isolate from diseased fish. SF1 possesses a single chromosome of 2,149,844 base pairs, which contains 2,125 predicted protein coding sequences (CDS), 12 rRNA genes, and 45 tRNA genes. Among the protein-encoding CDS are genes involved in resource acquisition and utilization, signal sensing and transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and defense against host immune response. Potential virulence genes include those encoding adhesins, autolysins, toxins, exoenzymes, and proteases. In addition, two putative prophages and a CRISPR-Cas system were found in the genome, the latter containing a CRISPR locus and four cas genes. Proteomic analysis detected 21 secreted proteins whose expressions were induced by host serum. Five of the serum-responsive proteins were subjected to immunoprotective analysis, which revealed that two of the proteins were highly protective against lethal S. iniae challenge when used as purified recombinant subunit vaccines. Taken together, these results provide an important molecular basis for future study of S. iniae in various aspects, in particular those related to pathogenesis and disease control.
Generating pluripotent stem cells: Differential epigenetic changes during cellular reprogramming (2012)

Pluripotent stem cells hold enomous potential for therapuetic applications in tissue replacement therapy. Reprogramming somatic cells from a patient donor to generate pluripotent stem cells involves both ethical concerns inherent in the use of embryonic and oocyte-derived stem cells, as well as issues of histocompatibility. Among the various pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)--derived by ectopic expression of four reprogramming factors in donor somatic cells--are superior in terms of ethical use, histocompatibility, and derivation method. However, iPSC also show genetic and epigenetic differences that limit their differentiation potential, functionality, safety, and potential clinical utility. Here, we discuss the unique characteristics of iPSC and approaches that are being taken to overcome these limitations.
kem mutations affect nuclear fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

Abstract We have identified mutations in three genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, KEM1, KEM2 and KEM3, that enhance the nuclear fusion defect of kar1-1 yeast during conjugation. The KEM1 and KEM3 genes are located on the left arm of chromosome VII. Kem mutations reduce nuclear fusion whether the kem and the kar1-1 mutations are in the same or in different parents (i.e., in both kem kar1-1 X wild-type and kem X kar 1-1 crosses). kem 1 X kem 1 crosses show a defect in nuclear fusion, but kem 1 X wild-type crosses do not. Mutant kem 1 strains are hypersensitive to benomyl, lose chromosomes at a rate 10-20-fold higher than KEM+ strains, and lose viability upon nitrogen starvation. In addition, kem 1/kem 1 diploids are unable to sporulate. Cells containing a kem 1 null allele grow very poorly, have an elongated rod-shape and are defective in spindle pole body duplication and/or separation. The KEM 1 gene, which is expressed as a 5.5-kb mRNA transcript, contains a 4.6-kb open reading frame encoding a 175-kD protein.
Las teorías sobre la estructura de la materia: discontinuidad y vacío (2000)

Esta investigacion analiza las teorias sobre la naturaleza discontinua de la materia y el vacio mantenidas por adolescentes y adultos universitarios con diferente nivel de instruccion en quimica. Las respuestas de los sujetos a un cuestionario preparado para esta investigacion, se analizaron teniendo en cuenta tanto la proporcion de aciertos, basada en la idea de que entre las particulas de una sustancia existe un espacio vacio, como el uso relativo de las distintas concepciones alternativas, en funcion del nivel de instruccion y el contenido de la tarea. Uno de los datos mas relevantes que se obtienen es la escasa comprension de la idea de vacio a pesar de la instruccion cientifica. La concepcion discontinua de la materia se enfrenta a fuertes concepciones alternativas, muy estables y diferentes en funcion del contenido quimico de la tarea (el estado de agregacion de las sustancias estudiadas). Los sujetos no activan las mismas representaciones para todas las sustancias, sino que estas dependen de la apariencia perceptiva adoptada por la materia.
Production of lactic acid from lignocellulose in a single stage of hydrolysis and fermentation (1997)

Abstract Samples of a model lignocellulosic substrate (wood subjected to treatments of delignification and swelling) were hydrolyzed and fermented in a single stage to obtain lactic acid. The hydrolysis stage was carried out using commercial cellulases with or without addition of fresh cellobiase, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii NRRL B‐445 was used for converting both glucose and cellobiose into lactic acid. Assays were performed starting the hydrolysis and fermentation stages at the same time (Simultaneous Sacchariflcation and Fermentation, SSF) or inoculating hydrolysis media partially saccharified (Combined Hydrolysis and Fermentation, CHF). Both glucose and cellobiose were rapidly depleted by microorganisms, showing a kinetic pattern governed by the hydrolysis stage. The effect of selected operational variables (enzyme loading, substrate concentration and duration of the process) was explored. Under the best conditions assayed, lactic acid concentrations in the vicinity of 30 g/L were reached in experiments lasting 40–60 hours.
Long range acoustic imaging of the continental shelf environment: The Acoustic Clutter Reconnaissance Experiment 2001 (2005)

An active sonar system is used to image wide areas of the continental shelf environment by long-range echo sounding at low frequency. The bistatic system, deployed in the STRATAFORM area south of Long Island in April-May of 2001, imaged a large number of prominent clutter events over ranges spanning tens of kilometers in near real time. Roughly 3000 waveforms were transmitted into the water column. Wide-area acoustic images of the ocean environment were generated in near real time for each transmission. Between roughly 10 to more than 100 discrete and localized scatterers were registered for each image. This amounts to a total of at least 30000 scattering events that could be confused with those from submerged vehicles over the period of the experiment. Bathymetric relief in the STRATAFORM area is extremely benign, with slopes typically less than 0.5 degrees according to high resolution (30 m sampled) bathymetric data. Most of the clutter occurs in regions where the bathymetry is locally level and does not coregister with seafloor features. No statistically significant difference is found in the frequency of occurrence per unit area of repeatable clutter inside versus outside of areas occupied by subsurface river channels.
Ikaros deletions in BCR-ABL-negative childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with a distinct gene expression signature but do not result in intrinsic chemoresistance (2014)

IKZF1 knockdown alone does not impart intrinsic chemotherapy resistance suggesting that the association with a poor prognosis may be due to additional lesions, microenvironmental interactions with the bone marrow niche, or other factors.
Dynamic External Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures (1997)

Thirty adult patients with closed comminuted and mostly intraarticular fractures of the distal radius were treated by closed reduction and immobilization with a dynamic external wrist fixator during a 2-year period. In 13 patients with severely comminuted and unstable fractures, additional Kirschner wires were used. After 10 to 14 days of rigid fixation in neutral position, the motion element was unlocked to allow up to 30 degrees flexion. Six weeks later, the fixator was removed. The patients then were observed for an average of 24 weeks. An excellent functional outcome was seen in 6 patients (20%), a good outcome in 20 patients (67%), and a fair outcome in 4 patients (13%). Anatomically, 15 patients (50%) had an excellent result, 14 (47%) a good outcome, and 1 (3%) a fair outcome. Only minimal loss of reduction averaging 1 degree palmar tilt was seen during mobilization. There were 2 major complications: 1 deep Kirschner wire tract infection and 1 index metacarpal fracture. Minor complications such as sensory disturbances and pin tenderness were present but recovered completely after removal of the fixator. This study provides promising data and offers an alternative method in the treatment of distal radius fractures with severe comminution. In cases with postreductive unstable fragments, additional Kirschner wires should be used to allow early mobilization of the wrist.
Recent advances in the understanding of the direct conversion of soot: and NO on Fe2O3 catalyst in diesel exhaust (2010)

This article reviews the fundamentals of the catalytic reaction of soot and NO in diesel exhaust to form N 2 and C0 2 focussing on the model catalyst Fe 2 O 3 . It was found out that the soot/NO reaction is a side reaction of the soot/O 2 conversion, in which the Fe 2 O 3 catalyst acts as oxygen pump transferring oxygen from the gas-phase via its surface to the soot. However, the catalyst is not directly involved in the soot/NO reaction other than increasing the number of C * sites. These sites were considered to be responsible for the NO reduction on the soot facilitating the dissociation of NO and formation of N 2 . Based on this mechanism a global-kinetic model was constructed.
Deconstructing Membrane Proteins (2005)

Progress in understanding how a protein finds its three-dimensional structure in seconds has been hard-won, and some of the successes have come from studying the intermediate stages (or lack thereof) of protein structures when they are stressed by pH, denaturants, or mechanical force. The historic nomenclature of structures (primary, secondary, and so forth) largely reflects the current thinking that helices form early and relatively independently, that interactions between helices help steer the folding trajectory (by clamping posts and beams) into domains, and that fitting amino acid side chains into pockets (like tenons and mortises) locks everything into place. Most unfolding studies have avoided the complications of membranes; structure determination of intact membrane proteins is not easy, and the study of pH- or denaturant-treated membrane proteins is truly daunting.
Hepatic encephalopathy (2017)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a reversible syndrome of impaired brain function occurring in patients with advanced liver diseases. The precise pathophysiology of HE is still under discussion; the leading hypothesis focus on the role of neurotoxins, impaired neurotransmission due to metabolic changes in liver failure, changes in brain energy metabolism, systemic inflammatory response and alterations of the blood brain barrier. HE produces a wide spectrum of nonspecific neurological and psychiatric manifestations. Minimal HE is diagnosed by abnormal psychometric tests. Clinically overt HE includes personality changes, alterations in consciousness progressive disorientation in time and space, somnolence, stupor and, finally, coma. Except for clinical studies, no specific tests are required for diagnosis. HE is classified according to the underlying disease, the severity of manifestations, its time course and the existence of precipitating factors. Treatment of overt HE includes supportive therapies, treatment of precipitating factors, lactulose and/or rifaximin. Routine treatment for minimal HE is only recommended for selected patients.
Dynamics of an argon gas-embedded Z-pinch micro-channel as a function of the initial preionization (1989)

We have studied experimentally the relation between the preionization of a plasma micro-channel in Argon at atmospheric pressure and the dynamics of the discharge initiated by preionization. Preionization is obtained in two different ways: (a) injecting the soft X rays produced by a 3 J, 3 ns YAG laser focused on a copper target through a pinhole (b) direct focusing of a 4ω laser (0·26 μm) along the Argon column. Both experiments and simple numerical models are presented in this paper.
Jointly Designed Architecture-Aware LDPC Convolutional Codes and High-Throughput Parallel Encoders/Decoders (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A novel design approach is proposed for low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs), that jointly optimizes the code, encoder and decoder to achieve high-throughput parallel encoding and decoding. A series of implementation-oriented constraints are applied to construct architecture-aware (AA) codes by introducing algebraic structures into the parity-check matrix. The resulting AA codes have bit error rate performance comparable to other published LDPC-CCs. Given these AA LDPC-CCs, new architectures are proposed for a parallel LDPC-CC encoder with built-in termination and an LDPC-CC decoder that is parallel in the node dimension as well as pipelined in the iteration dimension. ASIC synthesis results for a 90-nm CMOS process show that the proposed encoder and the decoding processor achieve 2.0-Gbps throughputs at 250-MHz clock frequencies within silicon areas of 0.1 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$</tex></formula> and 1 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$</tex></formula> respectively. </para>
Phase-Controlled Growth of Metastable Fe<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> Nanowires by a Vapor Transport Method (2007)

We report the synthesis of single-crystalline nanowires (NWs) of metastable Fe5Si3 phase via an iodide vapor transport method. Free-standing Fe5Si3 NWs are grown on a sapphire substrate placed on a Si wafer without the use of any catalyst. The typical size of the Fe5Si3 nanowires is 5-15 microm in length and 100-300 nm in diameter. Synthesis of the metastable phase is induced by composition-dependent nucleation from the gas-phase reaction. Depending on the concentration ratio of FeI2(g) to SiI4(g), different phases of iron silicides are formed. The growth of nanowires is facilitated by the initial nucleation of silicide particles on the substrate and further self-seeded growth of the NWs. The present work not only provides a method for the synthesis of metastable Fe5Si3 nanowires but also suggests that the phase controlled synthesis can be further optimized to produce other metal-rich silicide nanostructures for future spintronic devices.
Estimación de las emisiones del transporte urbano de las ciudades intermedias mexicanas (2020)

espanolEn el marco de la economia ecologica, existe un limite que esta cerca de superar el punto de no retorno, el de la generacion de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), que elevan la temperatura media mundial y aceleran el cambio climatico; si las tendencias actuales continuan, alcanzaremos el punto en que los seres vivos ya no podran adaptarse. Las emisiones de GEI no distinguen entre fronteras: medirlas, controlarlas y disminuirlas son problemas globales. Entre las principales fuentes de GEI se encuentran el transporte motorizado y las ciudades medianas (aquellas con 0.5 a 1 millon de habitantes), especialmente en los paises en desarrollo, estos son un factor de riesgo potencial debido a su generacion a un ritmo mayor. En el caso de Mexico, es importante analizar estas crecientes emisiones, ya que en 2014 el pais fue el undecimo en la generacion de emisiones de GEI en el mundo. El presente trabajo utiliza una metodologia de arriba hacia abajo para estimar las emisiones de 2014, mostrando un analisis del consumo de combustible fosil de los vehiculos de motor y una proyeccion de emisiones hasta 2030 mediante una metodologia ascendente EnglishWithin the framework of ecological economy, there is a limit near to exceed the point of no return, the one of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, which increase the average global temperature and accelerate climate change; if the current trends continue, we will reach the point where living beings will no longer be able to adapt. GHG emissions do not distinguish among frontiers: measuring, controlling and decreasing them are global problems. Among the main sources of GHG stands motorized transportation and midsize cities (those with 0.5 to 1 million inhabitants) and, especially in developing countries, these are a potential risk factor because of their generation at a greater pace. In the case of Mexico, it is important to analyze these growing emissions, since in 2014 the country was the eleventh in the generation of GHG emissions in the world. The present work uses a top-down methodology to estimate 2014 emissions, presents an analysis of the fossil fuel consumption of motor vehicles and an emissions projection to 2030 by means of a bottom-up methodology
A general control system for imaging arrays (1994)

A fully general control system capable of driving almost any kind of imaging array (including conventional CCDs of two, three and four phases, charge sweep devices, charge injection devices, and FET-switched arrays) has been developed. This paper describes the design and operation of both the system electronics and software. The control system is based around an IBM compatible computer, yet offers an unusual degree of versatility.
Glutaredoxin-3 from Escherichia coli (1996)

The primary and secondary structure of glutaredoxin-3 (Grx3), a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli, has been determined. The amino acid sequence of Grx3 consists of 82 residues and contains a redox-active motif, Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys, typical of the glutaredoxin family. Sequence comparison reveals a homology (33% identity) to that of glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1) from E. coli as well as to other members of the thioredoxin superfamily. In addition to the active site cysteine residues, Grx3 contains one additional cysteine (Cys65) corresponding to one of the two non-active site (or structural) cysteine residues present in mammalian glutaredoxins. The sequence-specific 1H and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of reduced Grx3 have been obtained. From a combined analysis of chemical shifts, 3JHNalpha coupling constants, sequential and medium range NOEs, and amide proton exchange rates, the secondary structure of reduced Grx3 was determined and found to be very similar to that inferred from amino acid sequence comparison to homologous proteins. The consequences of the proposed structural similarity to Grx1 are that Grx3, while possessing a largely intact GSH binding cleft, would have a very different spatial distribution of charged residues, most notably surrounding the active site cysteine residues and occurring in the proposed hydrophobic protein-protein interaction area. These differences may contribute to the observed very low Kcat of Grx3 as a reductant of insulin disulfides or as a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase. Thus, despite an identical active site disulfide motif and a similar secondary structure and tertiary fold, Grx3 and Grx1 display large functional differences in in vitro protein disulfide oxido-reduction reactions.
GAMBL, Genetic Algorithm Optimization of Memory-Based WSD (2004)

GAMBL is a word expert approach to WSD in which each word expert is trained using memory based learning. Joint feature selection and algorithm parameter optimization are achieved with a genetic algorithm (GA). We use a cascaded classifier approach in which the GA optimizes local context features and the output of a separate keyword classifier (rather than also optimizing the keyword features together with the local context features). A further innovation on earlier versions of memory based WSD is the use of grammatical relation and chunk features. This paper presents the architecture of the system briefly, and discusses its performance on the English lexical sample and all words tasks in SENSEVAL-3.
Optimal feedback control for character animation using an abstract model (2010)

Real-time adaptation of a motion capture sequence to virtual environments with physical perturbations requires robust control strategies. This paper describes an optimal feedback controller for motion tracking that allows for on-the-fly re-planning of long-term goals and adjustments in the final completion time. We first solve an offline optimal trajectory problem for an abstract dynamic model that captures the essential relation between contact forces and momenta. A feedback control policy is then derived and used to simulate the abstract model online. Simulation results become dynamic constraints for online reconstruction of full-body motion from a reference. We applied our controller to a wide range of motions including walking, long stepping, and a squat exercise. Results show that our controllers are robust to large perturbations and changes in the environment.
Wavelength specific patterns of p53 induction in human skin following exposure to UV radiation. (1993)

We report that, in human skin, exposure to equally erythemogenic doses of UVA, UVB, and UVC increases immunocytochemically detected p53 in a wavelength-specific pattern. UVC produced immunostaining confined to the upper epidermis. With UVB, staining was seen throughout the epidermis, whereas with UVA staining predominated in the basal layer. The results with UVB and UVC are understandable on the basis of their known differences in penetration, whereas those with UVA are not. This suggests that within one cell type the pattern of p53 response to UV radiation is wavelength dependent.
Dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked polyurethanes containing sodium tetraphenylborate (1981)

Abstract Crosslinked polyurethane elastomers consisting of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide segments crosslinked with an aromatic triisocyanate have been studied. Networks have been prepared containing different amounts of sodium tetraphenylborate. The effects of temperature and salt concentration on their viscoelastic properties have been investigated by modulus and loss‐tangent measurements. Variations of the storage modulus with salt concentration or network chemical structure are directly correlated with variations in the glass transition temperature. In fact, superposition of the various modulus plots on a reduced temperature scale, T ‐ T g , suggests that there is no dependence on salt concentration or polyether chemical structure.
Rapid Method for Determination of Asphaltene Contents in Residual Oils using Spectrophotometer (1980)

重質油に含まれるアスファルテンは, 重油直接脱硫装置の触媒活性低下の要因となり, その含有量を迅速かつ精度よく測定することは工程管理上必要である。試料油を軽質飽和炭化水素に溶解し, そのものと不溶分をろ過除去したものとの光学密度の差からアスファルテン含有量を測定する迅速測定法について検討した。その結果, IP法と相関係数が0.979と極めて高い値を示し, 測定精度も同程度を示すことから, 工程管理のための試験法として十分使用できると考えられる。また, 使用する試薬もn-ヘプタンのみでありその使用量も少量であることから経済的な方法であると言える。