gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Mechanism Analysis of Mesoporous‐Silica‐Nanoparticle‐Induced Cancer Immunotherapy (2016)

A plain mesoporous silica nanoparticle without any immunomodulatory molecules significantly enhances anticancer immunity in vivo. Comprehensive mechanism of mesoporous-silica-nanoparticle-induced cancer immunotherapy is analyzed in this paper. The mesoporous silica nanoparticle promotes both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, as it accelerates lymphocytes proliferation, stimulates IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokine secretion by lymphocytes ex vivo, and increases IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgM, and IgA antibody titers in mice serum compared with those of alum and adjuvant-free groups. Moreover, the mesoporous silica nanoparticle enhances effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations in three most important immune organs (bone marrow, lymph node, and spleen) of mice compared with those of alum and adjuvant-free groups three months after adjuvant injection. The present study paves the way for the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticle as immunoadjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.
An approach for alignment, mounting, and integration of IXO mirror segments (2009)

The telescope on the International X-ray Observatory (IXO) comprises nearly 15 thousand thin glass mirror segments, each of them is capable of reflecting board-band soft x-rays at grazing angles. These mirror segments form densely packed, two-staged shells, in a Wolter type I optical design, in which each pair of the mirrors focus x-ray onto the focal plane in two reflections. The requirement in angular resolution of the IXO telescope is 5 arc-seconds. This requirement places severe challenges in forming precisely shaped mirror segments as well as in aligning and mounting these thin mirrors, which are 200 to 400 mm in size and 0.4 mm in thickness. In this paper, we will describe an approach for aligning and mounting the IXO mirror segments, in which no active adjustment is made to correct for any existing figure errors. The approach comprises processes such as suspension of a mirror under gravity to minimize gravity distortion, temporary bonding onto a strongback, alignment and transfer to a permanent structure and release of mirror from the temporary mount. Experimental results and analysis in this development are reported.
Isolation and Characterization of a Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene (PTTG) (1997)

Pathogenesis of tumor formation in the anterior pituitary has been intensively studied, but the common mechanism involved in pituitary cell transformation and tumorigenesis remains elusive. In this study, we used mRNA differential display PCR to identify mRNAs that are differentially expressed in rat pituitary tumor cells compared with normal pituitary tissue. An mRNA exclusively expressed in pituitary tumor but not in normal pituitary was characterized. Using this pituitary tumor-specific PCR product as a probe to screen a cDNA library constructed from rat pituitary tumor GH4 cells, a cDNA of 974 bp was isolated. This cDNA encodes a novel protein of 199 amino acids, which contains no well characterized functional motifs. The mRNA of this cDNA is detected in normal adult testis and in embryonic liver, where the transcript is about 300 bp shorter and expressed at a much lower level than that detected from pituitary tumor cells. Overexpression of this protein in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts shows that it inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell transformation in vitro. Injection of transfected 3T3 cells into athymic nude mice resulted in tumor formation within 3 weeks in all animals. These results indicate that pituitary tumor cells express a unique and potent transforming gene (PTTG), which may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis.
Electrical characterization of platinum deposited by focused ion beam (2003)

Focused ion beam (FIB) systems are commonly used to image, repair and modify integrated circuits by cutting holes in passivation to create vias or to selectively break metal tracks. The ion beam can also be used to deposit a metal, such as platinum, to create new connections. These techniques are very useful tools for debugging designs and testing possible changes to the circuit without the expense of new mask sets or silicon. This paper presents test structures which can be used to characterize a FIB induced platinum deposition process. Sheet resistance test structures have been fabricated using a FIB tool and the results of testing these structures are presented. The sheet resistance data has been used to fabricate platinum straps with a known resistance. This extends the capability of the focused ion beam system beyond the deposition of simple conducting straps. The design of the test structures has been improved through the use of current flow simulation to investigate the effects of geometry and misalignment on the measurement accuracy. The results of these simulations are also presented.
The clinical pharmacology of paclitaxel (Taxol). (1993)

Although paclitaxel (TAXOL) may be one of the most important antineoplastic agents to emerge from drug screening over the last several decades, with activity demonstrated to date against ovarian, breast, lung, and head and neck cancers, there is a relative lack of pharmacologic data available compared with other agents in similar phases of development. This has been due to the aqueous insolubility of paclitaxel and the inherent insensitivity of standard analytic assays in measuring the full range of biologically significant drug concentrations achieved in small animals, a fact that has limited preclinical pharmacologic studies. This report reviews the clinical pharmacology of paclitaxel as determined during early single-agent studies with the drug administered in various intravenous and intraperitoneal schedules and in combination with other antineoplastic agents. Additionally, available information pertaining to the pharmacodynamic and metabolic profiles of paclitaxel is discussed. Such information may be useful in designing rational treatment regimens using paclitaxel as a single agent and in chemotherapy combinations, potentially resulting in the optimal use of this important agent in cancer chemotherapeutics.
Allylic vs. vinylic deprotonation reactions of cyclic vinyl ethers. 7-Lithio-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrooxepin: synthesis and carbon-13 NMR spectrum (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllylic vs. vinylic deprotonation reactions of cyclic vinyl ethers. 7-Lithio-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrooxepin: synthesis and carbon-13 NMR spectrumFred T. Oakes, Fu An Yang, and John F. SebastianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 16, 3094–3097Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00137a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00137a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views978Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Conjugated to DNA-Transfecting Complexes Targeted at the Transferrin Receptor of HeLa Cells (1997)

Modification of streptavidin (biotinylated transferrin)-biotinylated polylysine conjugates for DNA delivery by covalent addition of polyethylene glycol chains was investigated. It was found that addition of two to four monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol chains to bio20-polylysine100, a component of the transfecting conjugate, increased luciferase activity approximately four- to five-fold in a HeLa cell system. The increase occurred only in the presence of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine and was inhibited by free transferrin. The latter result indicating that DNA uptake was via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. Titration of cell cultures with transfecting complexes, with and without attached polyethylene glycol, showed luciferase activity to decrease at higher concentrations of the complexes. This was more marked with complexes containing polyethylene glycol. Complexes containing higher concentrations of attached polyethylene glycol inhibited luciferase expression strongly. Free polyethylene glycol at equivalent concentrations was without effect. It is suggested that at higher complex concentrations, the larger amounts of polyethylene glycol present occlude transferrin receptors, thus preventing uptake of DNA-containing complexes. The results indicate that transfecting complexes containing small amounts of polyethylene glycol function more efficiently than those without.
Fibroblast Growth Factor in the Extracellular Matrix of Dystrophic (mdx) Mouse Muscle (1989)

Polyclonal antibody F547 reacts with a bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and a human recombinant bFGF, but not with bovine acidic fibroblast growth factor. This antibody localized bFGF in the extracellular matrix of mouse skeletal muscle, primarily in the fiber endomysium, which includes the heparin-containing basal lamina. In mdx mouse muscle, which displays persistent regeneration, FGF levels in the extracellular matrix are higher than those in controls. Overabundance of matrix FGF in mdx muscles may be related to an increase in both satellite cell and regenerative activity in the dystrophic muscle and may help explain the benign phenotype of mdx animals compared with the genetically identical human Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Effect of protein on hemoglobin and hematocrit assays with a conductivity-based point-of-care testing device: comparison with optical methods. (2004)

Point-of-care testing (POCT) for blood hemoglobin and hematocrit (H/H) levels provides rapid patient assessment including the need for transfusion. Conductivity-based methods of blood H/H determinations can be influenced by plasma protein concentration. To assess this factor, we measured H/H levels at varying protein concentrations using two POCT instruments: iSTAT-1 (conductivity method) and Hemocue (optical method). These H/H results were compared to results obtained by our core laboratory hematology analyzer (GenS). Anticoagulated whole blood was centrifuged to sediment the red blood cells; the plasma was removed to serve as source of protein for mixing studies. A series of reconstituted samples was prepared with varying H/H and protein levels. To mimic hemodilution in clinical practice, samples were diluted with saline or lactated Ringer's solutions. Following H/H analysis, the samples were centrifuged and protein determined in the supernatant plasmas. The H/H results obtained with the Hemocue instrument correlated exactly with those of the GenS analyzer at protein concentrations from 0.7 to 6.2 g/dl. The correlation was unaffected when hemodilution was performed with either saline (r = 0.999) or lactated Ringer's (r = 1.000). The H/H results obtained with the iSTAT-1 instrument gave slightly less correlation with those of the GenS analyzer (r = 0.978 - 0.980) over this protein range. However, the iSTAT-1 results were generally lower than the GenS results, with discrepancies up to 2 g/dL for hemoglobin values and up to 4% for hematocrits at the lowest protein concentration. Therefore, it is recommended that H/H testing in patients with suspected hypoproteinemia or substantial hemodilution should be tested with a non-conductivity-based method.
Compact slot and dielectric resonator antenna with dual-resonance, broadband characteristics (2005)

The goal of this study is to improve the bandwidth of a miniaturized antenna. The proposed technique combines a slot antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) to effectively double the available bandwidth without compromising miniaturization or efficiency. With proper design it is observed that the resonance of the slot and that of the dielectric structure itself may be merged to achieve extremely wide bandwidth over which the antenna polarization and radiation pattern are preserved. In addition, using the DRA, a volumetric source, improves the radiation power factor of the radiating slot. A miniaturized antenna figure of merit (MAFM) is defined to simultaneously quantify aspects of miniaturized antenna performance including the degree of miniaturization, efficiency, and bandwidth. Figures for various common types of antennas are given and compared with that of the proposed structures. In order to determine the effects of varying design parameters on bandwidth and matching, sensitivity analysis is carried out using the finite-difference time-domain method. Numerous designs for miniaturized slot-fed dielectric resonator antennas are simulated and bandwidths exceeding 25% are achieved. Two 2.4 GHz antennas are built, characterized, and the results compared with theory.
Evaluation of growth promotion and inhibition from mycobactins and nonmycobacterial siderophores (Desferrioxamine and FR160) in Mycobacterium aurum (1997)

Heterologous mycobactins and the synthetic FR160 [N4-nonyl,N1,N8-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl) spermidine hydrobromide (C3 0H4 6N3, O6 Br)] promoted growth in Mycobacterium aurum in low concentrations. They were otherwise highly inhibitory, as opposed to homologous mycobactin, which was strictly growth promoting. Desferrioxamine B (Desferal) had no significant effect on growth.
Spontaneous parametric downconversion in waveguides: what's loss got to do with it? (2015)

We derive frequency correlation and exit probability expressions for photons generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in nonlinear waveguides that exhibit linear scattering loss. Such loss is included within a general Hamiltonian formalism by connecting waveguide modes to reservoir modes with a phenomenological coupling Hamiltonian, the parameters of which are later related to the usual loss coefficients. In the limit of a low probability of SPDC pair production, the presence of loss requires that we write the usual lossless generated pair state as a reduced density operator, and we find that this density operator is naturally composed of two photon, one photon, and zero photon contributions. The biphoton probability density, or joint spectral intensity (JSI), associated with the two-photon contribution is determined not only by a phase matching term, but also by a loss matching term. The relative size of the loss coefficients within this term lead to three qualitatively different regimes of SPDC JSIs. If either the pump or generated photon loss is much higher than the other, the side lobes of the phase matching squared sinc function are washed out. On the other hand, if pump and generated photon loss are appropriately balanced, the lossy JSI is identical to the lossless JSI. Finally, if the generated photon loss is frequency dependent, the shape of the JSI can be altered more severely, potentially leading to generated photons that are less frequency correlated though also produced less efficiently when compared to photons generated in low-loss waveguides.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Aluminum Soaps (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Absorption Spectra of Aluminum SoapsW. W. Harple, S. E. Wiberley, and W. H. BauerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 4, 635–638Publication Date (Print):April 17, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60064a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60064a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seizure outcomes after resective surgery for extra–temporal lobe epilepsy in pediatric patients (2013)

While temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults, seizures in children are more often extratemporal in origin. Extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) in pediatric patients is often medically refractory, leading to significantly diminished quality of life. Seizure outcomes after resective surgery for pediatric ETLE vary tremendously in the literature, given diverse patient and epilepsy characteristics and small sample sizes. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including 10 or more pediatric patients (age ≤ 19 years) published over the last 20 years examining seizure outcomes after resective surgery for ETLE, excluding hemispherectomy. Thirty-six studies were examined. These 36 studies included 1259 pediatric patients who underwent resective surgery for ETLE. Seizure freedom (Engel Class I outcome) was achieved in 704 (56%) of these 1259 patients postoperatively, and 555 patients (44%) continued to have seizures (Engel Class II-IV outcome). Shorter epilepsy duration (≤ 7 years, the median value in this study) was more predictive of seizure freedom than longer (> 7 years) seizure history (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-2.14), suggesting that earlier intervention may be beneficial. Also, lesional epilepsy was associated with better seizure outcomes than nonlesional epilepsy (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.49). Other predictors of seizure freedom included an absence of generalized seizures (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.35) and localizing ictal electroencephalographic findings (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.93). In conclusion, seizure outcomes after resective surgery for pediatric ETLE are less favorable than those associated with temporal lobectomy, but seizure freedom may be more common with earlier intervention and lesional epilepsy etiology. Children with continued debilitating seizures despite failure of multiple medication trials should be referred to a comprehensive pediatric epilepsy center for further medical and surgical evaluation.
Novel Technique to Eliminate Gas Condensation in Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Thermochemical Fluids (2018)

In situ heat generation is one of the promising techniques to enhance hydrocarbon production, by removing the condensate damage from the near-wellbore region, and improve gas mobility. This technology is performed by injecting two thermochemical solutions that will react at reservoir conditions and generate heat and pressure. The use of thermochemical fluids will reduce the injection cost to within 60% compared to the solvent injection. During thermochemical treatment, a considerable alteration in the fluid phase behavior will take place. This paper presents a novel technique and the first application of using thermochemicals to eliminate gas condensation. Experimental measurements and computer modeling group (CMG) modeling were performed to investigate the effect of injecting thermochemical fluids on the gas condensate behavior. A new reactor was fabricated to study the reaction kinetics of thermochemical materials. Thereafter, the influence of thermochemical treatments on removing the condensate, reducing the capillary forces, and improving the gas production was studied. Also, the impact of energizing the condensate region with nitrogen that was generated by thermochemical reaction was emphasized. Finally, the propagation depth of the generated heat from thermochemical reaction was determined as a function of injection time. The obtained results showed that injecting thermochemical fluids will increase the reservoir temperature and pressure beyond the dew point curve. At reservoir conditions, a pressure of 1300 psi could be achieved from the thermochemical reaction. The generated pressure is higher than the dew point pressure; therefore, the condensate liquid will be converted into the gaseous phase. Calculations of capillary forces revealed that thermochemical treatment reduced capillary forces by 25–36%. An exponential relationship was observed between the injection time and the radius of heat propagation. Increasing the injection time will increase the radius of the heated area exponentially. The heat propagation model can be used to determine the injection time required to heat the condensate region inside the reservoir.
Coarse-to-Fine Visual Object Catching Strategy Applied in Autonomous Airport Baggage Trolley Collection (2020)

In this study, a systematic solution for mobile manipulation with the application of autonomous trolley collection in the airport is presented. The developed system features a novel integrated hardware and software system, incorporating a specially designed manipulator capable of tightly catching the trolley. Particularly, we innovatively present a supervisory control guided coarse-to-fine visual trolley catching strategy in large-scale airport environments. At the coarsest level, an image-based visual servoing method is utilized to approach the trolley from far to near, where a learning-based object detection method is adopted to identify trolleys in the environment in real-time. At the finest level, we present an accurate point cloud registration based object pose estimation method to promote the object manipulation with a position-based visual servoing controller. The tightly integrated system and the subsystems are evaluated through conducting experiments in the trolley collection task and comparing the key module with the state of the art. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework can find and fetch the trolley robustly. Notably, the proposed object detection and pose estimation methods exhibit higher accuracy, providing credible perceptual approaches for mobile manipulation. Moreover, the proposed framework can be easily extended to other mobile manipulation tasks for object search and retrieval.
RF receiver front-end with +3dBm out-of-band IIP3 and 3.4dB NF in 45nm CMOS for 3G and beyond (2009)

A receiver front-end in standard 45 nm CMOS technology is presented. The receiver achieves WCDMA system performance without requirement for an inter-stage SAW filter. High out-of-band linearity performance is achieved by reducing the RF circuitry and filtering the out-of-band blockers after direct conversion. For the receiver at 1.9 GHz, a +3.1 dBm IIP3 is achieved for blockers at 40 MHz and 80 MHz away from the RF carrier. NF is 3.4 dB, out-of-band IIP2 is +51 dBm and current is 19.5 mA for both I, Q channels with VDD of 1.4 V. LO is provided using an on-chip VCO followed by a quadrature divider.