gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> high affinity α‐synuclein binding sites for the amyloid imaging agent PIB are not matched by binding to Lewy bodies in postmortem human brain<sup>1</sup> (2008)

Amyloid containing deposits are a defining neuropathological feature of a wide range of dementias and movement disorders. The positron emission tomography tracer PIB (Pittsburgh Compound-B, 2-[4'-(methylamino)phenyl]-6-hydroxybenzothiazole) was developed to target senile plaques, an amyloid containing pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, formed from the amyloid-beta peptide. Despite the fact that PIB was developed from the pan-amyloid staining dye thioflavin T, no detailed characterisation of its interaction with other amyloid structures has been reported. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of a high affinity binding site (K(d) approximately 4 nM) for benzothiazole derivatives, including [3H]-PIB, on alpha-synuclein (AS) filaments generated in vitro, and further characterise this binding site through the use of radioligand displacement assays employing 4-N-methylamino-4'-hydroxystilbene (SB13) (K(i) = 87 nM) and 2-(1-{6-[(2-fluoroethyl(methyl)amino]-2-naphthyl}ethylidene)malononitrile (FDDNP) (K(i) = 210 nM). Despite the presence of a high-affinity binding site on AS filaments, no discernible interaction of [3H]-PIB was detected with amygdala sections from Parkinson's disease cases containing frequent AS-immunoreactive Lewy bodies and related neurities. These findings suggest that the density and/or accessibility of AS binding sites in vivo are significantly less than those associated with amyloid-beta peptide lesions. Lewy bodies pathology is therefore unlikely to contribute significantly to the retention of PIB in positron emission tomography imaging studies.
The Epistemological Significance of Reflective Access (2010)

This thesis is, in part, a defence of a broad-based approach to epistemology. We should be wary of taking too narrow a focus and thus neglecting important aspects of knowledge. If we are too focused on one methodology then we are likely to miss insights that can come about from a different perspective. With this in mind, I investigate two particular methodologies in detail: Kornblith’s naturalism and Craig’s ‘genealogical’ approach. Kornblith emphasises the importance of looking at knowledge in the context of the natural world, thus stressing the continuity between animal and human knowledge. Craig, on the other hand, focuses on a distinctly human aspect of knowledge: the importance of enquiry and the sharing of information. As such, the two theories of knowledge that are developed have different emphases. I argue that by bringing them together we can better understand what knowledge is. \n\nThis leads us to the other main contribution of this thesis, which is a defence of the role of reflection in epistemology. This has often been neglected in contemporary epistemology, primarily because of the effectiveness of externalist theories of knowledge. The focus on externalism has lead to reflection being sidelined. I do not argue that reflection is necessary for knowledge, but rather want to bring back attention to the important role that it plays in human life. Reflectively accessible justification is necessary for our knowledge claims and therefore plays a vital role in enquiry. If we add reflectively accessible justification to knowledge then it is both more stable and more valuable. Even if it is not necessary for knowledge, reflection should not be neglected.
Development of advanced lightweight containment systems (1981)

Parametric type data were obtained on advanced lightweight containment systems. These data were used to generate design methods and procedures necessary for the successful development of such systems. The methods were then demonstrated through the design of a lightweight containment system for a CF6 size engine. The containment concept evaluated consisted basically of a lightweight structural sandwich shell wrapped with dry Kevlar cloth. The initial testing was directed towards the determination of the amount of Kevlar required to result in threshold containment for a specific set of test conditions. A relationship was then developed between the thickness required and the energy of the released blade so that the data could be used to design for conditions other than those tested.
Nitrogen and carbohydrate responses of dwarf napiergrass tillers to N fertilizer (2000)

Mott' dwarf napiergrass [Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schum.] is a productive forage species, but it is difficult to propagate. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of autumn N application on nitrogen and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in tiller components. Zero and 100 kg N ha-1 were applied on four dates (4 Oct., 21 Oct., 11 Nov., and 2 Dec. 1988) at Beeville, TX, U.S.A. Similar rates were applied on 3 Oct. and 24 Oct. 1988 at College Station, TX, U.S.A. Tillers were harvested twice weekly and separated into leaf blade, sheath, stem base (lower 30 cm), stem top (above 30 cm), and dead tissue. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy estimated both nitrogen and TNC concentrations. Tissue from unfertilized plots decreased in nitrogen and TNC concentration from October through the end of the study except stem base which increased at Beeville and did not change at College Station. Nitrogen concentration of most samples increased (P 0.05) at either location. Approximately 30-80% nitrogen and TNC content in napiergrass tillers was found in leaf blades, suggesting that use of intact tillers as seed pieces might improve establishment of dwarf napiergrass.
Tunable center frequency continuous time bandpass ΔΣ modulators for wireless transceivers (2004)

Top level analytical models of the center frequency tunable 4 th and 6 th order continuous time bandpass (CT BP) ∆Σ modulators are presented. Validity of the models is confirmed by mixed-signal behavioral simulations for both the AC and transient modes of operation. We examined the readiness of these models in a frequency upconversion application for an analog front end of a software defined radio.
Rapid Activation of the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor by Submillisecond Calcium Stimuli (1999)

The local control concept of excitation-contraction coupling in the heart postulates that the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor channels (RyR) is controlled by Ca(2+) entry through adjoining sarcolemmal single dihydropyridine receptor channels (DHPRs). One unverified premise of this hypothesis is that the RyR must be fast enough to track the brief (<0.5 ms) Ca(2+) elevations accompanying single DHPR channel openings. To define the kinetic limits of effective trigger Ca(2+) signals, we recorded activity of single cardiac RyRs in lipid bilayers during rapid and transient increases in Ca(2+) generated by flash photolysis of DM-nitrophen. Application of such Ca(2+) spikes (amplitude approximately 10-30 microM, duration approximately 0.1-0.4 ms) resulted in activation of the RyRs with a probability that increased steeply (apparent Hill slope approximately 2.5) with spike amplitude. The time constants of RyR activation were 0.07-0.27 ms, decreasing with spike amplitude. To fit the rising portion of the open probability, a single exponential function had to be raised to a power n approximately 3. We show that these data could be adequately described with a gating scheme incorporating four sequential Ca(2+)-sensitive closed states between the resting and the first open states. These results provide evidence that brief Ca(2+) triggers are adequate to activate the RyR, and support the possibility that RyR channels are governed by single DHPR openings. They also provide evidence for the assumption that RyR activation requires binding of multiple Ca(2+) ions in accordance with the tetrameric organization of the channel protein.
Multiobjective Placement of Electronic Components Using Evolutionary Algorithms (2004)

The optimal placement of electronic components on a printed circuit board is a well-studied optimization task. However, despite the involvement of multiple conflicting objectives, researchers have mainly used a single objective of minimizing the overall wire length or minimizing the overall heat generation or minimizing the overall time delay in its functioning. In this paper, the problem is treated as a two-objective optimization problem of minimizing the overall wire length and minimizing the failure-rate of the board arising due to uneven local heat accumulation. The proposed strategy uses a novel representation procedure and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm capable of finding multiple Pareto-optimal solutions simultaneously. Moreover, the flexibility and efficacy of the proposed strategy have been demonstrated by simultaneously optimizing the placement of components and the layout of the board. The convergence and the extent of spread obtained in the solutions reliably by repetitive applications of the proposed procedure should encourage further application of the approach to more complex placement design problems.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza–Specific Signaling in Rice Transcends the Common Symbiosis Signaling Pathway (2008)

Knowledge about signaling in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses is currently restricted to the common symbiosis (SYM) signaling pathway discovered in legumes. This pathway includes calcium as a second messenger and regulates both AM and rhizobial symbioses. Both monocotyledons and dicotyledons form symbiotic associations with AM fungi, and although they differ markedly in the organization of their root systems, the morphology of colonization is similar. To identify and dissect AM-specific signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), we developed molecular phenotyping tools based on gene expression patterns that monitor various steps of AM colonization. These tools were used to distinguish common SYM-dependent and -independent signaling by examining rice mutants of selected putative legume signaling orthologs predicted to be perturbed both upstream (CASTOR and POLLUX) and downstream (CCAMK and CYCLOPS) of the central, calcium-spiking signal. All four mutants displayed impaired AM interactions and altered AM-specific gene expression patterns, therefore demonstrating functional conservation of SYM signaling between distant plant species. In addition, differential gene expression patterns in the mutants provided evidence for AM-specific but SYM-independent signaling in rice and furthermore for unexpected deviations from the SYM pathway downstream of calcium spiking.
Silver Delafossite Oxides (2008)

A single-step, low-temperature (<210 degrees C) and -pressure (<20 atm) hydrothermal method has been developed to synthesize a series of silver delafossites, AgBO2 (B = Al, Ga, Sc, and In). Experimental and computational studies were performed to understand the optical and electric properties of these silver delafossites, including the first in-depth study of AgAlO2 and AgScO2. Their properties were examined as a function of the trivalent cation radius and compared to those of copper delafossites to elucidate the role of both the A- and B-site cations. While optical band gaps for silver delafossites were larger and visible light absorption was lower than values previously reported for polycrystalline powder samples of copper delafossites, the conductivities of silver delafossites are similar or lower. Electronic structure calculations indicate that these properties are due to the scarcity of silver 4d states just below the valence band maximum.
N-Alkylation of macrocyclic secondary amine complexes of nickel(II) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Alkylation of macrocyclic secondary amine complexes of nickel(II)F. Wagner and E. Kent. BarefieldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 2, 408–417Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50156a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50156a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views798Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE AND MAGNESIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE AND MAGNESIUM PYROPHOSPHATEF. L. Oetting and R. A. McDonaldCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 12, 2737–2743Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/j100806a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (879 KB) Get e-Alerts
Preclinical Safety Studies on Autologous Cultured Human Skin Fibroblast Transplantation (2013)

Recently, FDA approved the clinical use of autologous fibroblasts (LAVIV™) for the improvement of nasolabial fold wrinkles in adults. The use of autologous fibroblasts for the augmentation of dermal and subcutaneous defects represents a potentially exciting natural alternative to the use of other filler materials for its long-term corrective ability and absence of allergic adverse effects proved by clinical application. However, compared to the clinical evidence, preclinical studies are far from enough. In this study, human skin-derived fibroblasts were cultured and expanded for both in vitro and in vivo observations. In vitro, the subcultured fibroblasts were divided into two groups. One set of cells underwent cell cycle and karyotype analysis at passages 5 and 10. The second group of cells was cocultured in medium with different concentrations of human skin extract D for the measurement of collagen concentration and cell count. In vivo, the subcultured fibroblasts were injected into nude mice subcutaneously. Biopsies were taken for morphology observation and specific collagen staining at 1, 2, and 3 months after injection. The results in vitro showed no significant differences in cell cycle distribution between passages 5 and 10. Cell proliferation and secretion were inhibited as the concentration of extract D increased. In vivo, the fibroblasts were remarkably denser on the experimental side with no dysplastic cells. Mitotic cells were easily observed at the end of the first month but were rare at the end of the third month. Type III collagen was detected at the end of the first month, while collagen type I was positive at the end of the second month. The content of both collagens increased as time passed. The above results indicated that the use of the autologous fibroblasts was safe, providing a basic support for clinical use of fibroblasts.
Modèle de soins et pattern de pratique infirmière en oncologie ambulatoire (2013)

Contexte : Le fardeau du cancer à l’échelle mondiale exige des stratégies de gestion des soins en cancérologie à la fois plus efficaces et efficientes (Organisation mondiale de la santé, 2012). En particulier, le modèle retenu pour les soins ambulatoires a d’énormes répercussions sur les résultats pour les patients et sur les résultats administratifs (Knight, 2007; Lynch, Marcone & Kagan, 2007; Moore, Johnson, Fortner & Houts, 2008). Néanmoins, on sait très peu de choses sur le pattern des pratiques et sur les opérations des cliniques dans ce milieu. Réalisée dans le cadre du programme de remaniement des soins ambulatoires de l’hôpital Princess Margaret, cette enquête a pour but de : a) passer en revue et décrire les modèles existants de soins ambulatoires utilisés par de grands centres de cancérologie du pays et de l’étranger; b) dégager les modèles ou les éléments de modèles qu’il convient d’adopter aux fins de la pratique exemplaire. Méthodes : Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de dix cadres supérieurs de 10 centres (N=10). Les participants étaient priés de décrire : a) le modèle de soins ambulatoires utilisé par leur établissement (p. ex. le champ de compétence et le modèle de pratique infirmière ambulatoire); b) les stratégies employées dans leurs établissements pour prendre en charge des problèmes courants dans le domaine des soins aux patients. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées et analysées en fonction des objectifs de cette enquête. Résultats : Une majorité des centres de cancérologie utilisaient des modèles de soins similaires au modèle actuel de notre hôpital en ce qui concerne les soins ambulatoires et rencontraient des problèmes similaires sur le plan de la prestation des soins. On en a conclu qu’il n’était pas nécessaire d’adopter un quelconque modèle des centres représentés dans l’enquête. Conclusion : Il est essentiel que les administrateurs signalent et partagent leurs pratiques exemplaires afin de favoriser des soins optimaux. La présente enquête sur la pratique actuelle n’a pas fourni de données suffisantes à l’appui de l’implantation de modèles particuliers dans les milieux de soins ambulatoires de notre hôpital. Néanmoins, les résultats du présent examen appuient les principes proposés pour le nouveau modèle de soins ambulatoires de l’hôpital.
Magnetic force and optical force sensing with ultrathin silicon resonator (2003)

In this article, we demonstrated magnetic and optical force measurements using an ultrathin silicon cantilever down to 20 nm or 50 nm in thickness. The cantilever was heated in an ultrahigh vacuum for enhancing the Q factor and a magnetic particle was mounted at the end of the cantilever using a manipulator. The vibration was measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer and its signal was fed to an opposed metal electrode for electrostatic self-oscillation. An application of a magnetic field with a coil exerted a force to the magnetic material, which results in the change of the resonant frequency. However, the change in the mechanical properties of the cantilever, due to mechanical instability and temperature variation, drifts the resonance peak. Force balancing between the magnetic force and an electrostatic force in the opposite phase can minimize the vibration amplitude. From the electrostatic force at the minimum point, the exerted force can be estimated. A magnetic moment of 4×10−20 J/T was measured by this method. The same technique was also applied to measure the optical force of ∼10−17 N, impinging on the cantilever by a laser diode.
Complete loss of PTEN expression as a possible early prognostic marker for prostate cancer metastasis (2006)

The EGF/IGF growth factors are potent mitogens that regulate cell proliferation and cell survival and are involved in prostate cancer development. Using laser microdissection technology and real-time PCR, together with immunohistochemistry, we have explored the growth factor and integrin dependent PI3-kinase/PTEN/Akt signalling pathway in prostate cell lines and tumour samples by analysing EGF-R, IGF1-R, ILK, beta3 integrin, PTEN and p-Akt protein expression. We provide evidence that loss of PTEN expression rather than upregulated EGF/IGF1 receptor expression was responsible for increased p-Akt in neoplastic prostate cells. We therefore compared PTEN expression in patient biopsies at first time diagnosis recruited prospectively (Study I, 112 patients) and patients with confirmed metastasis recruited retrospectively from the Luxembourg cancer registry (Study II, 42 patients). In Study I, loss of PTEN expression at first time diagnosis was found in 26 of 112 patients (23%). In Study II, 25 of the 42 patients (59%) with lymph node metastasis had complete loss of PTEN expression in both the neoplastic glands of the prostate and the invasive prostate cancer cells in the lymph node, and of these 13 (52%) exhibited already loss of PTEN expression at first diagnosis. These findings demonstrate that loss of PTEN expression is an important factor in progression towards metastatic disease and could potentially serve as an early prognostic marker for prostate cancer metastasis.
Calcium Regulates Key Components of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell–Derived Matrix Vesicles to Enhance Mineralization (2011)

In contrast to the coordinated signaling response observed in chondrocyte MVs, mineralization of VSMC-MVs is a pathological response to disturbed intracellular calcium homeostasis that leads to inhibitor depletion and the formation of AnxA6/phosphatidylserine nucleation complexes.
LDL-Apheresis in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: Technical and Clinical Aspects (2015)

A clinical pilot study to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of LDL-apheresis is described. An automated system comprising two columns, alternatively loaded and desorbed on a volume controlled basis, was used throughout. The average patient was treated over a period of 9 months every 9 to 10 days for about 3 h. 7–18 g LDL were actually removed per treatment and plasma LDL cholesterol of 8 patients decreased about 70% during each procedure. The average loss of about 130 g of LDL cholesterol over a 9-month treatment period exceeds that reported for extensive plasma exchange therapy. If weekly intratreatment intervals are not exceeded, an average LDL level of less than 200 mg/dl can be established. The laboratory data corresponds well with a visible reduction and softening of xanthomata and subjective improvement. So far LDL-apheresis using specific immunosorption represents a safe, economic, and most efficient treatment for hypercholesterolemia.
Polarization-independent active metamaterial for high-frequency terahertz modulation (2009)

We present a polarization-independent metamaterial design for the construction of electrically tunable terahertz (THz) devices. The implemented structure consists of an array of gold crosses fabricated on top of an n-doped gallium arsenide (GaAs) layer. Utilizing THz time-domain spectroscopy, we show that the electric resonance and thus the transmission properties of the cross structure can be tuned by an externally applied bias voltage. We further demonstrate the fast amplitude modulation of a propagating THz wave for modulation frequencies up to 100 kHz.