gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen‐specific T cell unresponsiveness in cloned helper T cells mediated via the CD2 or CD3/Ti receptor pathways (1987)

We have investigated the role of the CD2 protein in the negative regulation of immune function and report that similar to antigen and anti-CD3, the monoclonal anti-CD2 antibodies (T112 and T113) can induce specific unresponsiveness. Antigen and anti-CD2 tolerogenic signals both down-regulated the phenotypic expression of CD3-Ti. In contrast CD2 surface expression was up-regulated after exposure to peptide and down-regulated after anti-T112 and T113 preincubation. However, in both instances interleukin 2 receptor surface levels were increased. These phenotypic changes could only be partly explained by variations in the levels of the transcripts encoding the CD3-Ti and CD2 molecules.
Wavelet transform filtering and nonlinear anisotropic diffusion assessed for signal reconstruction performance on multidimensional biomedical data (2001)

Computer tomography (CT) techniques are the most widely applicable noninvasive methods for obtaining two- and three-dimensional insights into biological objects. They comprise CT for medical applications, as well as electron tomography used for investigating macromolecular and cellular specimens. Recent advances in the recording schemes improve the speed and resolution frontiers and provide new insights into structural organizations of different objects. However, many data sets suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio, which severely hinders the application of methods for automated data analysis, such as feature extraction, segmentation, and visualization. We propose the multidimensional implementation of two powerful signal reconstruction techniques, namely invariant wavelet filtering and nonlinear anisotropic diffusion. We establish quantitative measures to assess the signal reconstruction performance on synthetic data and biomedical images. The appropriate multidimensional implementations of wavelet and diffusion techniques allow for a superior performance over conventional noise-reduction methods. We derive the conditions for the choice between wavelet and diffusion techniques with respect to an optimal signal reconstruction performance. Results of applying the proposed methods in two very different imaging domains-molecular biology and clinical research-are provided.
Influence of annealing on structural, electrical and optical properties of Dy-doped ZnO thin films (2007)

Transparent conductive Dy-doped zinc oxide thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. The effects of post-deposition annealing treatment on structural, electrical and optical properties of the ZnO : (Dy) thin films were investigated. The films show high transparency and conductivity. Van der Pauw measurements reveal that the films are n-type degenerate semiconductors. The electrical resistivity of the films deposited at 300 °C is 2.74 × 10−4 Ω cm with a carrier density of 9.33 × 1020 cm−3 and a Hall mobility of 24.48 cm2 V−1 s−1. The resistivity can be further reduced to as low as 2.12 × 10−4 Ω cm by post-deposition annealing at 420 °C for 2 h in nitrogen. Post-annealing increased the grain size and surface roughness of the films. The average transmission of the ZnO : (Dy) films (with a thickness about 529 nm) in the visible range is above 80%. The optical direct band gap value of the films is about 3.7 eV, which is slightly dependent on the annealing treatment in nitrogen.
Estimation of platelet function under high shear conditions to assist a rapid diagnosis of Heyde Syndrome (2008)

Loss of high molecular weight von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers in patients suffering from aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding has been regarded as the missing link between aortic stenosis and bleeding. Electrophoretic analysis of VWF multimers is laborious and time-consuming. Further, determination of overall haemostatic competence rather than evaluation of restricted portions thereof may be advantageous. Accumulating evidence suggests that, recently developed in vitro and ex vivo platelet reactivity tests under high shear conditions mirror the in vivo situation. We report on a case of a 79-year-old man who presented with recurrent GI bleeding and severe aortic stenosis. Platelet function testing under high shear conditions using the commercially available cone and plate(let) analyser-Impact-R revealed significantly impaired shear dependent platelet function, suggesting VWD. This test offers an easy to use diagnostic tool to evaluate platelet function in suspected Heyde Syndrome thus leading to immediate tailored patient's management.
A new target and detector for high-density magnetic recording channels (1997)

A new equalization target for the high-density magnetic recording channel is proposed based on the PR1 partial response combined with decision feedback. A detector for the new target is developed and shown to allow practical implementation. The performance of the detector is assessed through analysis and simulation. It is shown that the detector is suitable for channel recording densities of 3 bits per PW/sub 50/.
Speech pitch detection in noisy environment using multi-rate adaptive lossless FIR filters (2004)

In this paper a new approach to pitch detection for spontaneous speech in noisy environment is proposed. It uses multi-rate lossless FIR filter to build a model which connects acoustic tubes and wavelet transform. An "on-line" eigen-structure algorithm is used to control the parameters of the model based on the state description of the physical system and input speech signal. The pitch periods are determined by identifying the "events" from the trajectories of modeling parameters. The simulations illustrate that the proposed method features higher accuracy, more robustness to noise and the capacity of "on-line" pitch detection for synthetic and natural speech signal in comparison with other existing wavelet-based pitch detection algorithms.
Sex as a Factor in Domestic Discord (1936)

T WO VIEWS have generally been taken with reference to the role of sex as a factor in domestic discord. One view is that sex is the chief factor, overshadowing all others. The second view holds that sex is of little or no importance, adjustments in this realm being achieved spontaneously if the couple is otherwise well-mated. In a sense both views have in them some validity, the errors in each growing out of over-emphasis and a failure to understand the fundamental nature of sexual adjustment. In the writer's experience as a consultant, sex has always been present as a factor in every case of domestic discord, but it has never appeared as the exclusive factor. Neither is sex the simple nor the isolated factor it is often thought to be, for it appears in a wide range of forms. Some of these variations may be readily recognized, in spite of their indirect expression, but more often sex is intertwined with other elements and becomes thus a part of the general conflict pattern finding expression symbolically, rather than directly. The temptation is to think of sex in too restricted a sense, and this has led to the contradictory views already mentioned. Sex, of course, refers to a physiological impulse, belonging to the larger class of appetites. But like all basic cravings, it becomes overlaid, except in extreme cases, with social experience, finding expression quite as much in demonstrations of affection, mutual identification and sympathy, as in the release of physiological tensions. In fact, such release itself tends to be satisfactory or unsatisfactory to the extent to which it becomes a part of the larger response pattern. This broadening of sex into response is, of course, a variable matter, giving rise to a range of conflict patterns from those in which sex appears in much of its original form, to those in which it all but disappears, so overlaid does it become with sentiment and the emotions of love and affection. Basic to all marriage is the necessity of adjusting to this sex-response situation. Adjustments in this realm are the results of accom-
Advising roles of a computer consultant (1986)

Several hours of advisory protocols from a consultant for Personal Computing were taped and analysed in terms of the role which the advisor played in the interaction. The advisor's role was determined by the user's initial approach and the advisor's perception of the needs of the user: informing the user about available information, defining terms or procedures, indexing into appropriate solution sources or methods for more complex problems or structuring a nebulous or poorly understood problem. A taxonomy of stages of information exchange is outlined and the patterns of alternation within each advisor role is described. We suggest implications of this study for the design of advisory systems.
High Temperature and High Pressure Well Drilling Practice in Ying-Qiong Area South China Sea (1998)

Abstract There are lots of potential risks and difficulties in the high temperature and high pressure well drilling. Ying-Qiong Area South China Sea is one of the areas in the world where high pressure and high temperature coexists. This paper reviews the high temperature and high pressure well drilling operations conducted by China Offshore Oil Nanhai West Corporation in the Ying-Qiong Area South China Sea and probes the technology applied to the high temperature and high pressure well drilling operation. It emphasizes on the prediction of formation pore pressure, well casing program design, casing wear prevention and well drilling technical measures, etc. P. 95
Nicotinic Receptors at the Amino Acid Level (2000)

nAChRs are pentameric transmembrane proteins into the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that includes the 5HT3, glycine, GABAA, and GABAC receptors. Electron microscopy, affinity labeling, and mutagenesis experiments, together with secondary structure predictions and measurements, suggest an all-beta folding of the N-terminal extracellular domain, with the connecting loops contributing to the ACh binding pocket and to the subunit interfaces that mediate the allosteric transitions between conformational states. The ion channel consists of two distinct elements symmetrically organized along the fivefold axis of the molecule: a barrel of five M2 helices, and on the cytoplasmic side five loops contributing to the selectivity filter. The allosteric transitions of the protein underlying the physiological ACh-evoked activation and desensitization possibly involve rigid body motion of the extracellular domain of each subunit, linked to a global reorganization of the transmembrane domain responsible for channel gating.
연구논문 : 우리나라 시대별 부엌디자인 환경 변화에 관한 연구 (2003)

주택은 인간이 안주하기 위한 필수적인 공간이며 일상적인 생활을 영위하는 장소로, 인간생활과 사회적 환경에 민감한 속성을 지닌다. 따라서, 주택은 시대의 변천 속에서 새로운 환경에 맞게 점진적으로 개선되고 발전되어 오고 있다. 우리나라의 근대 대중 주거변천은 가족생활 문화를 바탕으로 하는 일반 거주자의 요구에 의한 주거 형태라기보다는 주택의 효율적 공급에 초점을 맞춘 기술 중심의 변천이라 볼 수 있다. 따라서 우리나라의 근대 주택 유형의 변천은 사회적 변화에 의한 대중들의 주거 문화에 대한 선행 연구를 바탕으로 개발되어온 주거 유형이라기보다는 소위 선진 서구개념의 주거 형태를 지향하며, 수구형 주거가 급속히 대중들에게 도입되었다. 근대 주거의 변천은 거주자들의 생활 변화에 의한 내적 주요구에 기인하기보다는 사회 외적 요인의 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있다.
Pharmacologic treatment of neuropathic pain. (2001)

There is currently no consensus concerning the optimal therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain, despite an increasing number of clinical trials demonstrating successful pain relief with several drugs. Treatments have generally been selected on the basis of evidence for efficacy in randomized placebo-controlled trials conducted in disease-based groups of patients, notably in postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy. These studies plead in favour of the overall efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants, standard and newer antiepileptics, opioids, tramadol, systemic and topical local anaesthetics, and some NMDA receptor antagonists; whereas evidence for efficacy is less for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antiarrhythmics (mexiletine), and capsaicin. Pharmacological tests, notably therapeutic infusions, have been proposed for predicting the effectiveness of long-term treatments, but are not routinely performed. An analysis of the various neuropathic symptoms, aimed at selecting treatments targeted at mechanisms, may ultimately help the choice of different pharmacologic agents.
New Function of Type I IFN: Induction of Autophagy (2014)

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process responsible for recycling of intracellular material. It is induced by different stress signals, including starvation, cytokines, and pathogens. Type I interferons (IFN) are proteins with pleiotropic functions, such as antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. Several recent studies showed type I IFN-induced autophagy in multiple cancer cell lines as evidenced by autophagic markers, for example, the conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B, also known as LC3-I) to LC3-II and the formation of autophagosomes by electron microscopy. In addition, studies suggest the involvement of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) and mechanistic target of rapamycin, serine/threonine kinase (mTOR) pathways in the induction of autophagy. This review highlights a new function of type I IFN as an inducer of autophagy. This new function of type I IFN may play an important role in viral clearance, antigen presentation, inhibition of proliferation, as well as a positive feedback loop for the production of type I IFN.
Frequency Regulation Contribution Through Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a new method to enhance the participation of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS) in existing frequency regulation mechanisms. The proposed approach, based on a modified inertial control scheme, takes advantage of the fast response capability associated with electronically-controlled WECS, allowing the kinetic energy stored by rotational masses to be partly and transiently released in order to provide earlier frequency support. An additional improvement is achieved by communicating the WECS response to conventional generators so that these can eventually take care of the full load imbalance. Several simulations using a two-area test system are performed to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed scheme. </para>
Hydrolytic Stability of Organic Monolayers Supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> (2004)

The hydrolytic stability of C18 monolayers supported on TiO2 and ZrO2 was studied. Three types of monolayers were prepared from the following octadecyl modifiers: (1) octadecyldimethylchlorosilane (C18H37Si(CH3)2Cl); (2) octadecylsilane (C18H37SiH3); and (3) octadecylphosphonic acid (C18H37P(O)(OH)2). The hydrolysis of the surfaces prepared was studied under static conditions at 25 and 65 degrees C at pH 1-10. On the basis of the loss of grafted material, the stability of the monolayers fall in the following range: C18H37P(O)(OH)2 > or = C18H37SiH3 >> C18H37Si(CH3)2Cl. At 25 degrees C, monolayers from C18H37P(O)(OH)2 showed only approximately 2-5% loss in grafting density after one week at pH 1-10. The high stability of these monolayers was explained because of the strong interactions of the phosphonic acids with the substrates. Monolayers from C18H37Si(CH3)2Cl showed poor hydrolytic stability at any pH, which was explained because of the low stability of Ti-O-Si and Zr-O-Si bonds. Unlike monofunctional silanes, trifunctional silane (C18H37SiH3) yielded surfaces that showed good hydrolytic stability. This suggests that the stability of the monolayers from trifunctional silanes is primarily due to "horizontal" bonding (Si-O-Si or Si-OH...HO-Si) rather than due to bondingwith the matrix (M-O-Si). At 65 degrees C, all C18 surfaces become more susceptible to hydrolysis; however, the trend observed for 25 degrees C remained unchanged. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption was used to study the adsorption properties of the monolayers as a function of their grafting density. The energy of adsorption interactions showed a significant increase as the grafting density of the monolayers decreased. The order of the alkyl groups in the monolayers, as assessed from CH2 stretching, decreased as the grafting density of the monolayers decreased.
Role of extracellular matrix in the action of basic fibroblast growth factor: Matrix as a source of growth factor for long‐term stimulation of plasminogen activator production and DNA synthesis (1989)

When bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells were treated with 10 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for 10 or 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, washed extensively with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in bFGF-free medium, plasminogen activator (PA) production was stimulated to the same extent as in cells exposed continuously to bFGF. Three methods of removing bFGF from heparin-like binding sites in the extracellular matrix, but not from bFGF receptors, abolished this long-term effect of a brief exposure to bFGF. First, BCE cells exposed to bFGF for 30 minutes were washed with 2M NaCl and incubated in bFGF-free medium. Second, BCE cells were incubated with bFGF for 10 minutes in the presence of heparin, and cells were washed with PBS and incubated in bFGF-free medium. Third, BCE cell cultures were treated with heparinase and exposed to bFGF. Each of these treatments abolished the long-term (24-48 hours) stimulation of PA production normally observed after brief exposure to bFGF. In each of these experiments, incubation of cells in bFGF-containing medium after the treatments resulted in normal stimulation of PA production, demonstrating that the treatments did not harm the cells. Stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed when cells were exposed to bFGF for 2 hours at 4 degrees C, incubated in bFGF-free medium for 24 hours at 37 degrees C, and assayed for 3H-thymidine incorporation. However, no stimulation was observed if the 2 hours incubation at 4 degrees C was carried out in the presence of heparin. Thus, long-term stimulation of PA activity and DNA synthesis after a brief exposure to bFGF seems to be a consequence of bFGF binding to the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix may act as a physiologic buffer, binding bFGF when concentrations are high and releasing it later for interaction with its receptor. This interaction with matrix may be required for the in vivo action of bFGF.
Lanthanide compounds containing a benzo-15-crown-5 derivatised [60]fullerene and the related [Tb(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(acac)]·C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>5</sub>supramolecular adduct (2004)

Novel lanthanum(III), europium(III) and terbium(III) compounds of a benzo-15-crown-5 [60]fulleropyrrolidine were isolated in the solid state and characterised using vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectroscopy and by 13C CP MAS NMR for the lanthanum(III) compound. The photoluminescence properties were investigated for the europium(III) and terbium(III) compounds. The related [Tb(H2O)3(NO3)2(acac)]·C14H20O5 [where acac− = acetylacetonate and C14H20O5 = benzo-15-crown-5] supramolecular adduct was isolated using similar synthetic conditions, in the absence of [60]fullerene, and its crystal structure used as a model for the coordination sphere of the lanthanide [60]fullerene derivatives, with further supporting evidence given by photoluminescence measurements.
Clinical aspects of indocyanine green pharmacokinetics following portal vein administration (1998)

The clearance of ICG after portal administration was useful for estimating hepatic blood flow and intrinsic clearance in perioperative management of liver surgery.
Regulation of IgE and Cytokine Production by cAMP: Implications for Extrinsic Asthma (1996)

Recent investigations indicate that pharmacologic agents which elevate intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) also enhance immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. This review proposes that elevation of intracellular cAMP is a prominent mechanism which enhances IgE production. Enhancement is mediated by two mechanisms. First, cAMP-elevating agents directly target B lymphocytes, promoting recombination of the Ig heavy chain loci. Second, these agents indirectly promote IgE production by inducing a T-helper type 2 (Th2) profile of cytokine secretion. In turn, Th2-type cytokines interact with B lymphocytes and direct isotype switching to the epsilon locus. One type of cAMP-elevating agents, the beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists (beta2-agonists), are used to treat asthma. A number of detrimental phenomena have been associated with beta2-agonist use such as, rebound hyperresponsiveness and increases in asthma mortality. This review theorizes that beta2-agonists enhance IgE and Th2 cytokine production and that these mediators exacerbate extrinsic, IgE-dependent asthma.
Dendritic cells: regulators of alloimmunity and opportunities for tolerance induction (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely well-equipped antigen-presenting cells (APCs) regarded classically as sentinels of the immune response, which induce and regulate T-cell reactivity. They play critical roles in central tolerance and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance in the normal steady state. Following cell or organ transplantation, DCs present antigen to T cells via the direct or indirect pathways of allorecognition. These functions of DCs set in train the rejection response, but they also serve as potential targets for suppression of alloimmune reactivity and promotion of tolerance induction. Much evidence from various model systems now indicates that DCs can induce specific T-cell tolerance. Although underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, the capacity to induce T-regulatory cells may be an important property of tolerogenic or regulatory DCs. Efforts to generate "designer" DCs with tolerogenic properties in the laboratory using specific cytokines, immunologic or pharmacologic reagents, or genetic engineering approaches have already met with some success. Alternatively, targeting of DCs in vivo (e.g. by infusion of apoptotic allogeneic cells) to take advantage of their inherent tolerogenicity has also demonstrated exciting potential. The remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of these important APCs present additional challenges to optimizing DC-based therapies that may lead to improved tolerance-enhancing strategies in the clinic.
A New MAC Scheme Supporting Voice/Data Traffic in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

In wireless ad hoc networks, in addition to the well-known hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems, the location-dependent contention may cause serious unfairness and priority reversal problems. These problems can severely degrade network performance. To the best of our knowledge, so far there is no comprehensive study to fully address all these problems. In this paper, a new busy-tone based medium access control (MAC) scheme supporting voice/data traffic is proposed to address these problems. Via two separated narrow-band busy-tone channels with different carrier sense ranges, the proposed scheme completely resolves the hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems. Furthermore, with the use of transmitter busy-tones in the node backoff procedure, the proposed scheme ensures guaranteed priority access for delay-sensitive voice traffic over data traffic. The priority is also independent of the user locations, thus solving the priority reversal problem. The fairness performance for data traffic in a non-fully-connected environment is also greatly improved (as compared with the popular IEEE 802.11e MAC scheme) without the need for extra information exchanges among the nodes.