gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiment and Simulation Study of Proppant Pack Compression (2012)

Abstract Realistic laboratory simulation of fractures propped with sand, engineered ceramic proppants, and resin-coated proppants to determine the impact of temperature, stress, and stress cycling on proppant-pack structure and pack permeability is both difficult and expensive. Large, specialized testing equipment and long testing times are required, which can lead to high testing costs. This paper presents a new dynamic compression device (DCD) that permits rapid proppant-pack analysis to optimize proppant selection. Understanding the mechanical and fluid dynamics of hard granular particle packs subjected to high closure stress and cyclic stress is important for understanding fracture conductivity and the impact of production operations. Few experimental studies have been reported where the compression of proppant with variable stress rates was used that also includes simultaneous direct visualization of the proppant structure. The DCD imposes a controlled strain on the proppant pack while measuring the stress response, up to a compressive loading of 7,100 psi. Simultaneously, the liquid permeability and a detailed visualization of the proppant-pack structure are acquired. The stress loading and unloading process, performed in either a single or repeated (cycling) protocol, can be performed with precise measurement of the resulting system-level strain. Permeability results obtained using the DCD were comparable to those obtained using standard API linear conductivity determinations. Particle rearrangement by direct visualization during stress cycling was comparable to that predicted by use of a popular, commercial, three-dimensional particle-flow numeric simulator. The DCD is a small, bench-top device that uses a small proppant sample. It has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool to experimentally determine the impact of closure stress, stress-change rate, proppant-packing properties, and the effect of multiple stress cycles on liquid permeability, while providing direct proppant-pack structure visualization. This new device enables rapid testing to determine the impact of expected downhole production conditions on proppant-pack permeability and permit selection of optimum proppant and proppant coatings.
Bootstrapping free-space optical networks (2006)

We introduce a challenging problem in establishing and initially configuring or bootstrapping a Free Space Optical (FSO) network. In such networks, it is assumed that each communication node is a base station, including a router and wireless optical communications hardware, and its number of transceivers is limited. In addition, the FSO networks are characterized by narrow beam, directional links (e.g., operating at 1550 nm) and support up to Gbps data rates. The problem of initially configuring the transceivers to form a connected topology is NP-complete because of the transceiver limitation. What makes this problem even more challenging is the need to configure the transceiver in a "distributed" fashion, because a node can have only direct knowledge of its neighbors. We have developed a fully distributed approximation algorithm, which constructs a spanning tree with maximal node degree at most one larger than that in the optimal solution. Due to its distributed nature, this algorithm outperforms known serial algorithms. For a graph with 200 nodes generated in some randomized model, speed-ups greater than 6 have been demonstrated.
Photoinduced Optical Anisotropy in Langmuir Blodgett Films as a New Method of Creating Bistable Anchoring Surfaces for Liquid Crystal Orientation (1995)

We report a new method to prepare surfaces that creates two degenerate states for liquid crystal orientation. The method uses Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films exhibiting the effect of photoinduced optical anisotropy. We illuminate LB films twice with polarized light of perpendicular orientations to produce a special shape for the molecular distribution function in a LB film. Nematic liquid crystal molecules (NLC) aligned by these films can show two stable orientations, i.e. surface induced bistability. The results observed are interpreted in terms of a micro domain distribution in LB film. The origin of the bistability is “extrinsic”.
Large-scale coherent structures in the wake of axisymmetric bodies (1979)

The unsteady flow past a circular disk is studied with hot-wire and microphone probes positioned in planes normal to the axis of symmetry at 3 and 9 disk diameters down-stream. Both the fluctuating velocity and pressure signals are shown to be continuously dominated by large-scale coherent motions enveloping the wake flow as a whole. This suggests narrowband two-point space correlations as an experimental tool for describing spatial coherence and phase characteristics of the basically random signals. The specific symmetry imposed by the axisymmetric boundary conditions of the disk enables a decomposition of the large-scale flow phenomena into relatively simple elementary structures or modes. The resulting azimuthal constituents are quantified in terms of their respective magnitudes and individual power spectra. The capability of the approach to uncover characteristic features of turbulence as far as its large-scale domain is concerned is demonstrated by a comparison of the present results with certain remarkably different features found in earlier jet flow investigations: the m = 1 and m = 2 modes are found to clearly dominate in wakes whereas the m = 0 and m = 1 modes were dominant in jets in a relevant range of Strouhal numbers. These large-scale coherent structures are more than just an interesting flow phenomenon; they must have a tremendou back-reaction on rigid flow boundaries (particularly if these allow a vibrational response) and may give rise to specific feedback mechanisms. The analysing technique proposed for studying large-scale flow phenomena injets and wakes removes part of the randomness in the turbulent signals without artificially exciting or forcing them in one way or another. No conditional sampling of the naturally occurring fluctuations is required, either. The method may be applicable to other than strictly axisymmetric flow configurations, too.
Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis (2017)

<b>Background</b>There is no consensus as to whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used as part of the initial clinical evaluation of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).<b>Aims</b>(a) To assess the logistical feasibility of routine MRI; (b) to define the clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in patients with FEP.<b>Method</b>Radiological reports from MRI scans of two FEP samples were reviewed; one comprised 108 patients and 98 healthy controls recruited to a research study and the other comprised 241 patients scanned at initial clinical presentation plus 66 healthy controls.<b>Results</b>In the great majority of patients, MRI was logistically feasible. Radiological abnormalities were reported in 6% of the research sample and in 15% of the clinical sample (odds ratio (OR)=3.1, 95% CI 1.26-7.57, χ<sup>2</sup>(1) = 6.63, <i>P</i> = 0.01). None of the findings necessitated a change in clinical management.<b>Conclusions</b>Rates of neuroradiological abnormalities in FEP are likely to be underestimated in research samples that often exclude patients with organic abnormalities. However, the majority of findings do not require intervention.
High resolution bubble patterns obtained by electron image projection (1979)

The packing density in magnetic bubble circuits is increasing very rapidly. When the smallest dimensions in these circuits are 1 μm or less a successor for the optical lithography becomes necessary. For this purpose an electron image projector is a proper candidate. To study the reliability of the technique for making bubble patterns with this projector a single mask 8 kbit shift register has been realized. The NiFe elements are structured via a Ti lift-off procedure and subsequent reactive sputter etching of the NiFe. The lift-off technology is, among other things favorable owing to the slightly negative slope in the PMMA-resist. A high sputter etch rate ratio between NiFe and Ti during the reactive sputter etching process makes a very thin Ti masking layer feasible. It is shown that bubble devices with smallest features of 1 μm can be made. Uniformity over 2 in. slices is good. Proximity effects are of minor importance.
Parents at Risk (1992)

NP Reviewers Choose 1991's Outstanding Health Care Books: Book Reviews: Maternal-Child Health Care Issues: PDF Only
Influence of nuclear background on transcription of a chimeric gene (<i>orf256</i>) and <i>coxI</i> in fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile wheats (1994)

Crosses between Triticum timopheevi, as maternal donor, and T. aestivum can lead to cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) plants. The T. timopheevi derived mitochondrial DNA from parental, cms, and fertility-restored lines differs from that of T. aestivum derived mtDNA in the coxI gene region. Our previous results for cms lines showed that there is an open reading frame, orf256, upstream from coxI in T. timopheevi derived mtDNA that is not present in T. aestivum DNA. The 5' flanking region and the first 33 nucleotides of the coding region of orf256 are identical to the corresponding region of T. aestivum coxI, whereas the rest of orf256, including the 3' flank, is not related to coxI. Also, the organization of orf256 and coxI on a HindIII fragment from T. timopheevi derived mtDNA are identical in T. timopheevi, cms, and fertility-restored lines. We now report that the DNA sequence of orf256 is identical in T. timopheevi, cms, and fertility-restored lines. Major transcripts in cms and fertility-restored lines encode both orf256 and coxI with 5' termini like coxI mRNA of T. aestivum, whereas parental mitochondria from T. timopheevi have major transcripts with 5' termini within the orf256 coding region. Mitochondria from cms and fertility-restored lines have the potential to produce a protein that would not be present in parental T. timopheevi or in T. aestivum.
Collaborative Searching: Social Searching, Together. (2009)

Information Retrieval (IR) is typically an individual pursuit where an individual searcher will engage with a search system, working alone, until their information need is satisfied. Yet in the real world there are many scenarios, both work-related and related to leisure, entertainment or hobbies, where we want to search as part of a team, maybe even a group of only two people. Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR) refers to technologies which support collaboration in the retrieval process. In this presentation we will present both synchronous and asynchronous CIR as well as covering remote and co-located search, and the various combinations of these. In our work we are particularly interested in synchronous collaborative IR (SCIR) where a group of users work collectively to address some shared information need. We describe two systems we have developed to demonstrate SCIR, one on a gesture-based tabletop computer and the other on touch-based mobile devices (iPODs). We believe SCIR to be an important kind of social search even though the tools to support this are neither widespread nor reliable and are limited by the technology we currently use. Despite this we expect the importance of SCIR to grow as a consequential fallout of growth in social networks and the trend towards social networks now acting as platforms for applications, like search.
Associations of Dietary Fiber With Glucose Metabolism in Nondiabetic Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

The results support evidence that a high intake of dietary fiber is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and therefore may have a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Optical and terahertz measurement techniques for flat-faced pharmaceutical tablets: a case study of gloss, surface roughness and bulk properties of starch acetate tablets (2008)

Surface and bulk properties of flat-faced starch acetate tablets were studied. For surface quality inspection optical coherence tomography and recently developed diffractive glossmeter were utilized. Both these optical devices together provide local information on surface roughness and gloss of a tablet over a measured area. The concepts of mean topography and mean gloss profile for surface quality of a tablet are introduced. It was observed that the surface quality of the tablet varies, and compression at high pressure may not guarantee a good surface quality of the tablet. Using novel statistical parameters for gloss and relevant surface roughness parameter, it is possible to get more comprehensive quantitative data on the surface condition of a tablet. THz spectrometer was utilized for detection of THz pulse delay in transmission measurement mode from the tablets. The delay time and thickness ratio of the tablet are consistent with the porosity of the tablet as a function of compression pressure. We suggest that the multimeasurement scheme using three different devices helps tablet makers to better assess bulk and surface quality of their products.
Detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences by ligation-mediated PCR (DIPS-PCR) and molecular characterization in cervical cancer cells (2001)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes usually persist as episomal molecules in HPV associated preneoplastic lesions whereas they are frequently integrated into the host cell genome in HPV-related cancers cells. This suggests that malignant conversion of HPV-infected epithelia is linked to recombination of cellular and viral sequences. Due to technical limitations, precise sequence information on viral-cellular junctions were obtained only for few cell lines and primary lesions. In order to facilitate the molecular analysis of genomic HPV integration, we established a ligation-mediated PCR assay for the detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences (DIPS-PCR). DIPS-PCR was initially used to amplify genomic viral-cellular junctions from HPV-associated cervical cancer cell lines (C4-I, C4-II, SW756, and HeLa) and HPV-immortalized keratinocyte lines (HPKIA, HPKII). In addition to junctions already reported in public data bases, various new fusion fragments were identified. Subsequently, 22 different viral-cellular junctions were amplified from 17 cervical carcinomas and 1 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN III). Sequence analysis of each junction revealed that the viral E1 open reading frame (ORF) was fused to cellular sequences in 20 of 22 (91%) cases. Chromosomal integration loci mapped to chromosomes 1 (2n), 2 (3n), 7 (2n), 8 (3n), 10 (1n), 14 (5n), 16 (1n), 17 (2n), and mitochondrial DNA (1n), suggesting random distribution of chromosomal integration sites. Precise sequence information obtained by DIPS-PCR was further used to monitor the monoclonal origin of 4 cervical cancers, 1 case of recurrent premalignant lesions and 1 lymph node metastasis. Therefore, DIPS-PCR might allow efficient therapy control and prediction of relapse in patients with HPV-associated anogenital cancers.
The use of intranasal midazolam in the treatment of paediatric dental patients* (2007)

The aim of this study was to assess the use of intranasal midazolam in paediatric dental patients requiring extractions or simple surgical procedures who may otherwise have required a general anaesthetic. Twenty children aged between 2-9 years who required simple surgical procedures were given 0.25 mg.kg(-1) midazolam, administered using a MAD (Mucosal Atomization Device; Wolfe Tory Medical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA). Compliance with the full dose was achieved in 14 patients, 13 of whom completed the treatment. One of two patients who allowed only partial administration completed the treatment and three patients did not comply. The mean time to starting treatment was 13 min (range 6-25 min) and patients were discharged after a mean of 46 min (range 25-67 min). Physiological parameters remained stable throughout with no clinically significant episodes of desaturation. One patient vomited at home postoperatively. Midazolam in a dose of 0.25 mg.kg(-1) administered intranasally provided adequate anxiolysis for the majority of children, allowing them to complete their treatment.
[Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles and sudden death--report of two siblings]. (1993)

We describe two siblings with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, who died suddenly presumably due to fatal arrhythmia. Case 1. A 26-year-old man with a 4 year-history of progressive muscle weakness and wasting was hospitalized in April, 1989. The family history showed that his younger brother had the same disease, but his parents, not consanguineous, and other family members had no neuromuscular diseases. On admission, neurologic examination showed muscle weakness and atrophy in the distal portions of four extremities. No myotonia or fasciculation was present. The deep tendon reflexes were absent except diminished bilateral PTR. Sensation and co-ordination were normal. The creatinine kinase (CK) level was moderately elevated to 691 IU/l, and the aldolase mildly to 6.9 IU/l. Normal laboratory values included serum electrolytes, glucose and thyroid function study. An ischemic forearm exercise test revealed a normal rise in serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations. The glucose response after glucagon was normal in the fasting state. An electrocardiogram and chest film were normal. An electromyogram revealed myopathic changes with mild neuropathic changes, including positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials at rest. The muscle biopsy specimen from the left anterior tibial muscle showed scattered fibers with rimmed vacuoles and moderate variation in fiber size. Neither fiber necrosis nor inflammatory cellular infiltration was seen. Regenerating fiber was not present. An electron microscopic examination showed numerous lamellar bodies of various size. Nerve biopsy was normal. He was diagnosed as having distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Muscle weakness progressed gradually over the next two years, but his general condition was good. He asked to receive the corticosteroid therapy, and rehospitalized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An algorithm for real-time stereo vision implementation of head pose and gaze direction measurement (2002)

To build smart human interfaces, it is necessary for a system to know a user's intention and point of attention. Since the motion of a person's head pose and gaze direction are deeply related with his/her intention and attention, detection of such information can be utilized to build natural and intuitive interfaces. We describe our real-time stereo face tracking and gaze detection system to measure head pose and gaze direction simultaneously. The key aspect of our system is the use of real-time stereo vision together with a simple algorithm which is suitable for real-time processing. Since the 3D coordinates of the features on a face can be directly measured in our system, we can significantly simplify the algorithm for 3D model fitting to obtain the full 3D pose of the head compared with conventional systems that use monocular camera. Consequently we achieved a non-contact, passive, real-time, robust, accurate and compact measurement system for head pose and gaze direction.
2′‐Methoxy‐6‐methylflavone: a novel anxiolytic and sedative with subtype selective activating and modulating actions at GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors (2011)

2'MeO6MF will serve as a tool to study the complex nature of the activation and modulation of GABA(A) receptor subtypes.
Design and Demonstration of an In-Plane Silicon-on-Insulator Optical MEMS Fabry–Pérot-Based Accelerometer Integrated With Channel Waveguides (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer sensor dedicated to space applications. An in-plane Fabry-Pérot (FP) microcavity (FPM) with two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is used to detect the acceleration. One of the DBR mirrors is attached to two suspended proof masses, allowing the FP gap to change while proof masses experience acceleration. Acceleration is then detected by measuring the spectral shift of the FPM. The optical accelerometer presented here uses silicon strip waveguides integrated with MEMS on a single silicon-on-insulator wafer, making it compact and robust. All of the device components are fabricated using one single fabrication step. Immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity and resolution capability, integrability, reliability, low cross-sensitivity, simple fabrication, and possibility of having two- and three-axis sensitivities are numerous advantages of our sensor compared to the conventional ones. The sensor performance demonstrated a 90-nm/g sensitivity and 111-μg resolution and better than 250-mg dynamic range.
Acid-Base and Electrolyte Management in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (2002)

Continuous renal replacement techniques are often utilized to manage acid-base and electrolyte problems in the critically ill patient. These techniques have an inherent capacity to manipulate the plasma composition and can be utilized efficiently to maintain homeostasis and metabolic control. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these techniques also permits wide variation in their use and can result in complications if they are not used appropriately. In most instances complications can be prevented by recognition of the operating principles and careful attention to detail. This article provides an overview of the principles of acid-base and electrolyte management with continuous renal replacement therapy.
Short‒chain diacyl phosphatidylglycerols: which one to choose for the NMR structural determination of a membrane‒associated peptide from <i>Escherichia coli</i>? (2004)

Diacyl phosphatidylglycerols (PG) are the major anionic lipids in the Escherichia coli membrane. Short‒chain dihexanoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DHPG) was previously utilized for the structural determination, by NMR spectroscopy, of the peptide corresponding to the N‐terminal membrane anchor of the glucose‒specific enzyme IIA (IIA Glc ) from E. coli . This study explores the possible use of lipid micelles of dioctanoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and didecanoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DDPG) as alternatives to DHPG. At a peptide concentration of 1 mM, the minimum peptide/lipid molar ratios required for the formation of the lipid‒binding amphipathic helix are approximately 1 :40, 1 :5, and 1 :5 for DHPG, DOPG, and DDPG, respectively. Based on the lipid titration, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of DHPG was estimated to be ~50 mM. The 1 H spectral linewidths of the peptide bound to a variety of lipid micelles decrease in the following order: DDPG > DOPG > DHPG. The helical regions of the peptide in different anionic lipids were elucidated based on chemical shift indexes (CSI). Residues Leu2‒Leu9, Leu2‒Val10, and Leu2‒Val10 were found to be helical in DHPG, DOPG, and DDPG, respectively, indicating that the lipid chain length had only a subtle effect on the amphipathic helix of the peptide. In light of the minimum peptide/lipid ratio and the spectral linewidth, and the CSI‒derived peptide structure, DOPG is proposed as a good compromise for structural studies of this membrane‒associated peptide by solution NMR spectroscopy.