gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infections Due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in Patients with Cancer: Report of Three Cases and Review (1994)

Limited information is available regarding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of infection with Cunninghamella bertholletiae. In this report, we describe the clinical courses of three patients with leukemia and fatal C. bertholletiae infection and review the literature. In all patients, the infection developed in the setting of severe neutropenia following high doses of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clinical presentation always consisted of fever and pneumonia and could be associated with dissemination to numerous organs. The course of infection was very rapid, and the diagnosis was made around or after the time of death. The most important risk factors for C. bertholletiae infection described in the literature include corticosteroid administration and prolonged severe granulocytopenia. Four infectious syndromes due to Zygomycetes have been described: rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous and soft tissue, and disseminated. The outcome of disseminated infection with C. bertholletiae has been almost uniformly fatal. Most previously described patients, however, did not receive aggressive treatment consisting of amphotericin B administration, resection of infected tissues, and, most importantly, control of the underlying disease.
Metal Chaperones: A Holistic Approach to the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

As evidence for the role of metal ion dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple CNS disorders grows, it has become important to more precisely identify and differentiate the biological effects of various pharmacological modulators of metal ion homeostasis. This is particularly evident in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), where the use of metal chaperones (that transport metals), as opposed to chelators (which exclude metals from biological interactions), may prove to be the first truly disease modifying approach for this condition. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the emerging notion that metal chaperones, such as PBT2 (Prana Biotechnology), modulate a variety of critical pathways affecting key aspects of the AD cascade to provide a more "holistic" approach to the treatment of this disease.
Liquid-chromatographic determination of cyclosporine in serum with use of a rapid extraction procedure. (1982)

Abstract In this procedure, reversed-phase liquid chromatography is used to measure cyclosporine, a fungal metabolite with immunosuppressive activity, in human serum. With a gradient elution, the retention times for cyclosporine and cyclosporin D were 14.1 and 15.7 min, respectively. Ultraviolet absorbance at 215 nm was used to detect cyclosporine; this wavelength improved assay accuracy without decreasing sensitivity, as compared with detection at 205 nm, which is near the absorption maximum. The major advantage of our procedure is the clean-up method, which involves use of disposable extraction columns. This extraction is simple and requires only 10 to 15 min per sample. Results by radioimmunoassay for cyclosporine were unpredictably greater than those measured by the present method. Dosing guidelines for cyclosporine need re-evaluation, based on more specific assay methods.
75-MHz <sup>13</sup>C NMR Studies on Polystyrene and Epimerized Isotactic Polystyrenes (1984)

Isotactic polystyrene was epimerized to various extents by reaction with KOtBu in hexamethylphosphoramide solution at 100°. The 13C-NMR spectra of the epimerized samples and of polystyrene in 9:1 trichlorobenzene: nitrobenzene-d6 solution at 150° were recorded and analyzed using stereosequence distributions that were calculated for the samples by Monte Carlo simulation of the epimerization process. Triad, pentad and heptad assignments were developed for the aromatic C-1 carbon resonance patterns and triad assignments previously proposed for the methine carbon resonances of polystyrene were verified. Based on the assignments developed, the 13C-NMR spectrum of polystyrene indicates it to be almost atactic, P(m)=0.45.
A Correlation-Aware Page-Level FTL to Exploit Semantic Links in Workloads (2018)

NAND Flash based Solid State Disks (SSDs) are gaining tremendous popularity in today's storage market due to their unique erase-before-write feature. The Flash Translation Layer (FTL) in the SSDs redirects the incoming writes to a free physical address and manages a logical to physical address mapping table. However, this induces significant performance degradation to the SSDs. One of the main reasons is that current cache management in FTLs is mainly optimized for the temporal or spatial locality. However, because of multiple levels of data buffers in the whole storage architecture, the locality of internal disk I/O is relatively low. What's more, the increasing capacity of SSD not only generates large mapping tables, but also imposes high pressure on the efficiency of page-level address mapping. To overcome this limitation, we propose Correlation-Aware Page-level FTL, a.k.a CPFTL, which exploits I/O correlations in the workloads. In CPFTL, we develop a correlation-aware mapping table based on the correlation in read operations. We then build a correlation prediction table to support fast mapping entry lookup in the correlation-aware mapping table. Finally, we split read and write caches and build a skew-aware dirty entry index to improve the cache hit ratio and reduce the garbage collection overhead. Our emulator and prototype are open-sourced at: https://github.com/janzhou/SSD-Emulator. The experimental results show that CPFTL can reduce the average response time by 63.4 percent for read dominant workloads and 32.9 percent for transaction workloads.
Device application feasibility of single-crystal CdCr&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;Se&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt;, a ferromagnetic semiconducting spinel (1968)

Active device application feasibility of single-crystal CdCr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Se <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> , a ferromagnetic semiconducting spinel, has been demonstrated by the successful fabrication of p-n junctions which operate below the Curie temperature. The junction construction techniques and some of the characteristics of the junctions are discussed.
Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics (2008)

1. Nuclear Reactions 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Nuclear Reaction Fundamentals 1.3 The Curve of Binding Energy 1.4 Fusion Reactions 1.5 Fission Reactions 1.6 Fissile and Fertile Materials 1.7 Radioactive Decay 2. Neutron Interactions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Neutron Cross Sections 2.3 Neutron Energy Range 2.4 Cross Section Energy Dependence 2.5 Neutron Scattering 3. Neutron Distributions in Energy 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nuclear Fuel Properties 3.3 Neutron Moderators 3.4 Neutron Energy Spectra 3.5 Energy-Averaged Reaction Rates 3.6 Infinite Medium Multiplication: 4. The Power Reactor Core 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Core Composition 4.3 Fast Reactor Lattices 4.4 Thermal Reactor Lattices 5. Reactor Kinetics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Neutron Balance Equations 5.3 Multiplying Systems Behavior 5.4 Delayed Neutron Kinetics 5.5 Step Reactivity Changes 5.6 Prolog to Reactor Dynamics 6. Spatial Diffusion of Neutrons 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Neutron Diffusion Equation 6.3 Non-multiplying Systems- Plane Geometry 6.4 Boundary Conditions 6.5 Non-multiplying Systems- Spherical Geometry 6.6 Diffusion Approximation Validity 6.7 Multiplying Systems 7. Neutron Distributions in Reactors 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The Time-Independent Diffusion Equation 7.3 Uniform Reactors 7.4 Neutron Leakage 7.5 Reflected Reactors 7.6 Control Poisons 8. Energy Transport 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Core Power Distribution 8.3 Heat Transport 8.4 Thermal Transients 9. Reactivity Feedback 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Reactivity Coefficients 9.3 Composite Coefficients 9.4 Excess Reactivity and Shutdown Margin 9.5 Reactor Transients 10. Long Term Core Behavior 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Reactivity Control 10.3 Fission Product Buildup and Decay 10.4 Fuel Depletion 10.5 Fission Product and Actinides Inventories Appendices A. Useful Mathematics B. Bessel's Equation and Functions C. Derivation of Neutron Diffusion Properties D. Fuel Element Heat Transfer E. Nuclear Data
On the "localness" of user-generated content (2010)

The "localness" of participation in repositories of user-generated content (UGC) with geospatial components has been cited as one of UGC's greatest benefits. However, the degree of localness in major UGC repositories such as Flickr and Wikipedia has never been examined. We show that over 50 percent of Flickr users contribute local information on average, and over 45 percent of Flickr photos are local to the photographer. Across four language editions of Wikipedia, however, we find that participation is less local. We introduce the spatial content production model (SCPM) as a possible factor in the localness of UGC, and discuss other theoretical and applied implications.
Next-generation phenotyping of electronic health records (2012)

The national adoption of electronic health records (EHR) promises to make an unprecedented amount of data available for clinical research, but the data are complex, inaccurate, and frequently missing, and the record reflects complex processes aside from the patient's physiological state. We believe that the path forward requires studying the EHR as an object of interest in itself, and that new models, learning from data, and collaboration will lead to efficient use of the valuable information currently locked in health records.
Automatic utilization of constraints for timing analysis (1999)

Users of real-time systems are not only interested in obtaining correct computations from their programs, but timely responses as well. Responses that are given past a deadline is not acceptable. Areal-time system is often comprised of a set of tasks that are statically scheduled. Therefore, it is necessary to determine a program’s execution
Nature′s Swiss Army Knife: The Diverse Protective Roles of Anthocyanins in Leaves (2004)

Anthocyanins, the pigments responsible for spectacular displays of vermilion in the leaves of deciduous trees, have long been considered an extravagant waste of a plant's resources. Contemporary research, in contrast, has begun to show that the pigments can significantly influence the way a leaf responds to environmental stress. Anthocyanins have been implicated in tolerance to stressors as diverse as drought, UV-B, and heavy metals, as well as resistance to herbivores and pathogens. By absorbing high-energy quanta, anthocyanic cell vacuoles both protect chloroplasts from the photoinhibitory and photooxidative effects of strong light, and prevent the catabolism of photolabile defence compounds. Anthocyanins also mitigate photooxidative injury in leaves by efficiently scavenging free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Far from being a useless by-product of the flavonoid pathway, these red pigments may in some instances be critical for plant survival.
Prediction Based DRAM Row-Buffer Management in the Many-Core Era (2011)

Modern processors are experiencing interleaved memory access streams from different threads/cores, reducing the spatial locality that is seen at the memory controller, making the combined stream appear increasingly random. Traditional methods for exploiting locality at the DRAM level, such as open-page and timer-based policies, become less effective as the number of threads accessing memory increases. Employing closed-page policies in such systems can improve performance but it eliminates any possibility of exploiting locality. In this paper, we build upon the key insight that a history-based predictor that tracks the number of accesses to a given DRAM page is a much better indicator of DRAM locality than timer based policies. We extend prior work to propose a simple Access Based Predictor (ABP) that tracks limited access history at the page level to determine page closure decisions, and does so with much smaller storage overhead than previously proposed policies. We show that ABP, with additional optimizations, can improve system throughput by 12.3% and 21.6% over open and closed-page policies, respectively. The proposed ABP requires 20 KB of storage overhead and is outside the critical path of memory access.
Land Disposal Restrictions and Mixed Waste Management (1991)

The Land Disposal Restrictions, imposed by Congress in 1984 and implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency, impose constraints on the management of mixed waste. Except in very limited circumstances where a specific treatment is mandated, these constraints include requirements for treatment of mixed wastes prior to land disposal and prohibitions on long-term storage.
Toward a Query Language for Network Attack Data (2006)

The growing sophistication and diversity of malicious activity in the Internet presents a serious challenge for network security analysts. In this paper, we describe our efforts to develop a database and query language for network attack data from firewalls, intrusion detection systems and honeynets. Our first step toward this objective is to develop a prototype database and query interface to identify coordinated scanning activity in network attack data. We have created a set of aggregate views and templatized SQL queries that consider timing, persistence, targeted services, spatial dispersion and temporal dispersion, thereby enabling us to evaluate coordinated scanning along these dimensions. We demonstrate the utility of the interface by conducting a case study on a set of firewall and intrusion detection system logs from Dshield.org. We show that the interface is able to identify general characteristics of coordinated activity as well as instances of unusual activity that would otherwise be difficult to mine from the data. These results highlight the potential for developing a more generalized query language for a broad class of network intrusion data. The case study also exposes some of the challenges we face in extending our system to more generalized queries over potentially vast quantities of data.
[Arsenic trioxide inhibits P-glycoprotein expression in multidrug-resistant human leukemia K562/ADM cell line that overexpresses mdr-1 gene and enhances their chemotherapeutic sensitivity]. (2003)

As(2)O(3) induces growth-inhibition and apoptosis of multidrug-resistant K562/ADM cells, and augments synergistically the sensitivity of the cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents via down-regulation of P-gp expression.
Effects of cholesterol levels on the excitability of rat hippocampal neurons (2008)

Changes in the cholesterol levels dynamically alter the microenvironment of the plasma membrane and have been shown to modify functions of ion channels. However, the cellular effect of these modifications is largely unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that cholesterol levels modulate neuronal excitability in rat hippocampal neurons. Reduction of cholesterol levels shortened the duration and increased the firing frequency and peak amplitude of action potentials, while enrichment of cholesterol reversed the effect. Furthermore, we showed that reduction of cholesterol levels increased, while enrichment of cholesterol decreased the amplitude of the delayed rectifier I(K) currents. On the other hand, reduction of cholesterol levels slowed down the inactivation of the fast transient I(A) currents, but enrichment of cholesterol had no significant effect on the I(A) currents. Besides, alteration in cholesterol levels had no significant effect on the action potential in the presence of blockers for both I(K) and I(A) currents. These observations demonstrate that cholesterol levels bi-directionally regulate the neuronal excitability mainly through modifications of the I(K) and I(A) currents, suggesting an optimum level of cholesterol for the optimum excitability of neurons. Alterations in the neuronal cholesterol levels have been associated with aging, cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Therefore, our findings are important for a deeper understanding of the relationship between the cholesterol level and dysfunctions of the brain at the molecular level.
Application-layer multicast with Delaunay triangulations (2002)

Recently, application-layer multicast has emerged as an attempt to support group applications without the need for a network-layer multicast protocol, such as IP multicast. In application-layer multicast, applications arrange themselves as a logical overlay network and transfer data within the overlay network. In this paper, Delaunay triangulations are investigated as an overlay network topology for application-layer multicast. An advantage of Delaunay triangulations is that each application can locally derive next-hop routing information without the need for a routing protocol in the overlay. A disadvantage of a Delaunay triangulation as an overlay topology is that the mapping of the overlay to the network-layer infrastructure may be suboptimal. It is shown that this disadvantage can be partially addressed with a hierarchical organization of Delaunay triangulations. Using network topology generators, the Delaunay triangulation is compared to other proposed overlay topologies for application-layer multicast.
Complications of Shoulder Arthroscopy (1997)

Summary: Uses of shoulder arthroscopy for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes have greatly expanded in recent years. As applications of this procedure increase, so do potential problems and complications associated with its use. General pitfalls associated with preoperative diagnoses, positioning, traction, optics, irrigation, and cauterization are discussed. Procedure-specific complications are reviewed, and the relevant literature is summarized. Known postoperative complications of shoulder arthroscopy are also cited, illustrated by pertinent references. Discussion of each of these issues has been expanded to include appropriate preventative strategies.
Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment of horses with signs of chronic thoracolumbar pain (2005)

TPSs are useful for evaluating the efficacy of various analgesic methods used for treatment of thoracolumbar pain in horses. Electroacupuncture was effective for treatment of chronic thoracolumbar pain in horses. Results provided evidence that 3 sessions of electroacupuncture treatment can successfully alleviate signs of thoracolumbar pain in horses. The analgesic effect induced by electroacupuncture can last at least 2 weeks. Phenylbutazone administered PO did not effectively alleviate signs of thoracolumbar pain in horses in this study.
Signaling mechanism of TGF-beta1-induced collagen contraction mediated by bovine trabecular meshwork cells. (2002)

TGF-beta1 induces TM-cell-mediated collagen gel contraction through activation of Rho and the Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes PKC and MLCK. These same signaling molecules contribute to TGF-beta1-induced rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, cell spreading, and cell motility.
Cross-bridge dynamics in human ventricular myocardium. Regulation of contractility in the failing heart. (1992)

Because myopathic hearts have a markedly diminished energy reserve, the slowing of the cross-bridge cycling rate plays an important adaptational role in the observed contractility changes in human heart failure. Although the potential to generate maximal Ca(2+)-activated force is similar in normal and myopathic hearts, alterations in contractile protein composition could explain the diminished cross-bridge cycling rate in failing hearts.
Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in Goto-Kakizaki rats and counterpart control Wistar rats (2009)

Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) was compared in two animal models: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous non-obese animal model for type II diabetes, and their counterpart control Wistar rats. First, the effect of a single oral administration of mulberry leaf aqueous extract (MLE) on postprandial glucose responses was determined using maltose or glucose as substrate. With maltose-loading, MLE reduced peak responses of blood glucose significantly in both GK and Wistar rats (P < 0.05), supporting the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by MLE in the small intestine. With glucose-loading, MLE also significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations, measured at 30 min, in both animal models (P < 0.01), proposing the inhibition of glucose transport by MLE. Next, dried mulberry leaf powder (MLP) was administered for 8 weeks by inclusion in the diet. By MLP administration, fasting blood glucose was significantly reduced at weeks 4 and 5 (P < 0.05), but then returned to values that were similar to those of the control at the end of experimental period in GK rats. Insulin, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides tended to be decreased by MLP treatment in GK rats. All other biochemical parameters were not changed by MLP administration in GK rats. Collectively, these findings support that MLE has significant postprandial hypoglycemic effect in both non-obese diabetic and healthy animals, which may be beneficial as food supplement to manage postprandial blood glucose. Inhibitions of glucose transport as well as alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine were suggested as possible mechanisms related with the postprandial hypoglycemic effect of MLE.
Role of 5HT in the morbidity of cerebral infarction-a study in the gerbil stroke model. (1981)

Cerebral infarction was produced by unilateral carotid ligation in the gerbil, and 5HT levels in the cerebral hemispheres were assayed 3.5 hours later. A bilateral fall as confirmed, with the greatest change occurring on the side of carotid ligation in animals showing the clinical sequelae of infarction. Neither absolute levels nor right left differences in 5HT content related directly to the nature or prevalence of neurological morbidity. Neither putative 5HT receptor antagonists nor agents causing increasing brain 5HT levels produced consistent changes in the prevalence of neurological morbidity. It is argued that the fall in 5HT in a cerebral infarct is more likely to be due to reduced synthesis and turnover than to release of the amine into the synaptic cleft. These findings cast doubt on the hypothesis that a significant part of the morbidity and mortality of cerebral infarction is due to the sequelae of 5HT release.
Risk factors in early childhood for sensitization to airborne allergens (1992)

To examine the association between environmental exposure during the first two years of life and development of atopic disease later in child‐hood, 115 children sensitized to airborne allergens and 54 non allergic controls were investigated. Fifty‐seven of the atopic children were skin prick test (SPT) positive to house dust mites (HDM). Information on exposure was obtained from questionnaires. Parental allergy was a more important risk factor for development of atopy than any of the environmental risk factors. Exposure during the 2 first yr of life to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and home dampness was more frequently found among the HDM‐sensitized children than among the controls (OR = 2. 8, CI 1. 0‐7. 3 and OR = 4. 6, CI 1. 4‐15. 0 respectively). A combination of these two factors seemed to be particularly harmful (OR = 8. 7, CI 2. 3‐33. 1). Similar but less pronounced effects were seen for children with other allergies. Later in life exposure both to dampness and ETS was of the same magnitude in the atopic children as in the controls. It appears that exposure to environmental factors during the first few years of life may trigger for development of atopic disease and that interactions may be of particular importance.