gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of the Cyanide-Resistant and Azide-Resistant Catalase of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (1965)

Johnston, M. A. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and E. A. Delwiche. Isolation and characterization of the cyanide-resistant and azide-resistant catalase of Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Bacteriol. 90:352-356. 1965.-Lactobacillus plantarum T-1403-5 has been shown to possess a very active cyanide- and azide-resistant catalase. By means of fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, removal of nucleic acids with protamine sulfate, adsorption on calcium phosphate gel, and pH gradient chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, the catalase "activity" was purified approximately 14-fold. The purified enzyme preparation was insensitive to the heme poisons cyanide and azide, the metal chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetate and o-phenanthroline, and the sulfhydryl binding agent p-chloromercuribenzoate. The purified enzyme moved at a uniform rate in the electrophoretic field (isoelectric point, pH 4.7). The ultraviolet-light absorption spectrum was negative for heme-iron components, and fluorescence measurements yielded negative results with regard to flavin components. Acriflavin and Atabrine had no effect on enzyme activity. The nonheme catalase displayed a much broader pH range of activity than the heme-iron catalase of a control culture of Escherichia coli and the azide-sensitive catalase developed by L. plantarum NZ48 when grown in the presence of preformed hematin. The nonheme catalase was more resistant to heat inactivation. No retention of the enzyme on a chromatographic column could be obtained with Sephadex 200, nor could the enzyme be separated from crystalline beef-liver catalase by the gel filtration technique. Sedimentation was obtained in a centrifugal field of 144,000 x g for 12 hr.
A hypertext knowledge based for primary care - LIMEDS in LINCKS (1989)

In organized health care, primary care is the first level. It is characterized by the wide span of health problems managed as well as remote location from traditional medical information and knowledge sources. The LIMEDS project has formulated the special requirements for integrated knowledge and data base management in primary care. This paper presents Gösta's book , a hypertext knowledge base implemented in LINCKS, an object oriented, networked database system. Firstly, aspects which make integrated hypermedia systems particularly suitable for application in primary health care are explored. We then describe the hypertext knowledge base, consisting of 500 basic text objects and 3000 links, and current implementations using the NODE data model. NODE is implemented on a SUN III fileserver, and the user interface for the hypertext context on Apple Macintosh (TM). Combination of design methods towards a parallel means-ends strategy was found to be necessary to achieve Gösta's book . Design groups need to be composed of computer science, medical, psychological and organizational competences.
First‐principle studies of intermolecular and intramolecular catalysis of protonated cocaine (2005)

We have performed a series of first-principles electronic structure calculations to examine the reaction pathways and the corresponding free energy barriers for the ester hydrolysis of protonated cocaine in its chair and boat conformations. The calculated free energy barriers for the benzoyl ester hydrolysis of protonated chair cocaine are close to the corresponding barriers calculated for the benzoyl ester hydrolysis of neutral cocaine. However, the free energy barrier calculated for the methyl ester hydrolysis of protonated cocaine in its chair conformation is significantly lower than for the methyl ester hydrolysis of neutral cocaine and for the dominant pathway of the benzoyl ester hydrolysis of protonated cocaine. The significant decrease of the free energy barrier, approximately 4 kcal/mol, is attributed to the intramolecular acid catalysis of the methyl ester hydrolysis of protonated cocaine, because the transition state structure is stabilized by the strong hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of the methyl ester moiety and the protonated tropane N. The relative magnitudes of the free energy barriers calculated for different pathways of the ester hydrolysis of protonated chair cocaine are consistent with the experimental kinetic data for cocaine hydrolysis under physiologic conditions. Similar intramolecular acid catalysis also occurs for the benzoyl ester hydrolysis of (protonated) boat cocaine in the physiologic condition, although the contribution of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding to transition state stabilization is negligible. Nonetheless, the predictability of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding could be useful in generating antibody-based catalysts that recruit cocaine to the boat conformation and an analog that elicited antibodies to approximate the protonated tropane N and the benzoyl O more closely than the natural boat conformer might increase the contribution from hydrogen bonding. Such a stable analog of the transition state for intramolecular catalysis of cocaine benzoyl-ester hydrolysis was synthesized and used to successfully elicit a number of anticocaine catalytic antibodies.
Metal‐free graphene/boron nitride heterointerface for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction: Surface curvature controls catalytic activity and selectivity (2020)

Abstract Searching environmentally friendly and low‐cost catalysts for CO 2 reduction is critical for the development of sustainable energy and environmental technologies. In this work, we report a novel heterointerface between graphene and BN nanotubes or nanoribbons as efficient catalysts for CO 2 reduction with high activity and selectivity. The active sites are found to be at the C‐N interfaces of graphene‐BN (G‐BN) and their excellent catalytic performance is derived from the surface curvature effect. The density functional theory (DFT) results reveal that the most energy favorable pathway for the formation of CH 3 OH is * + CO 2 → *COOH → *CO → *OCH → *OCH 2 → *OCH 3 → *CH 3 OH → * + CH 3 OH. And the formation of CH 4 is through * + CO 2 → *COOH → *CO → *OCH → *OCH 2 → *OCH 3 → *O + CH 4 → *OH + CH 4 → *H 2 O + CH 4 pathway. Moreover, the calculated results further demonstrate that for the smaller index of G‐BN nanotubes, such as G‐BN (3), the formation of CH 3 OH product is much easier than the *O intermediate and CH 4 molecule due to the lower free energy change. However, for the higher indexed G‐BN nanotubes, after forming *OCH 3 intermediate, the generation of *O and CH 4 molecule is more feasible, particularly for G‐BN (9), and the calculated limiting potential is only −0.42 V, which is higher than the best Cu‐based materials, like −0.93 V on Cu(111), and −0.74 V on Cu (211). This metal free heterostructure is confirmed to facilitate CO 2 conversion with high activity and selectivity, demonstrating a great potential as a new type of catalyst for CO 2 reduction. image
Pathology of inherited manganese transporter deficiency (2014)

We followed a patient with manganese transporter deficiency due to homozygous SLC30A10 mutations from age 14 years until his death at age 38 years and present the first postmortem findings of this disorder. The basal ganglia showed neuronal loss, rhodanine-positive deposits, astrocytosis, myelin loss, and spongiosis. SLC30A10 protein was reduced in residual basal ganglia neurons. Depigmentation of the substantia nigra and other brainstem nuclei was present. Manganese content of basal ganglia and liver was increased 16-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Our study provides a pathological foundation for further investigation of central nervous system toxicity secondary to deregulation of manganese metabolism.
Augmentation of T Cell Levels and Responses Induced by Androgen Deprivation (2004)

Androgen has been implicated as a negative regulator of host immune function and a factor contributing to the gender dimorphism of autoimmunity. Conversely, androgen deprivation has been suggested to potentiate male host immunity. Studies have shown that removal of androgen in postpubertal male mice produces an increase in size and cellularity of primary and peripheral lymphoid organs, and enhances a variety of immune responses. Yet, few details are known about the effect of androgen removal on T cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we demonstrate two pronounced and independent alterations in T cell immunity that occur in response to androgen deprivation, provided by castration, in postpubertal male mice. First, we show that levels of T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice are increased by androgen deprivation. Second, T cells from these mice transiently proliferate more vigorously to TCR- and CD28-mediated costimulation as well as to Ag-specific activation. In addition, androgen deprivation accelerates normalization of host T and B cell levels following chemotherapy-induced lymphocyte depletion. Such alterations induced by androgen deprivation may have implications for enhancing immune responses to immunotherapy and for accelerating the recovery of the immune system following chemotherapy.
Facile preparation of gadolinium(<scp>iii</scp>) chelates functionalized carbon quantum dot-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance/fluorescence multimodal imaging (2014)

Suffering from high inherent toxicity generated from heavy metals in semiconductor quantum dots and a complex preparation process, the medical application of conventional gadolinium(iii)/semiconductor quantum dot-based magnetic resonance/fluorescence multimodal imaging (MRI/FI) contrast agent has been limited. In this paper, a new kind of biocompatible carbon quantum dot functionalized by gadolinium(iii) chelates (named as Gd(iii)/CQDs) was obtained through one-step pyrolysis of gadopentetate monomeglumine, which provides simultaneously a carbon source and a gadolinium(iii) source. The Gd(iii)/CQDs show good magnetic resonance response and photoluminescence properties with longitudinal relaxation rate and quantum yield of 5.5-6.4 mM L<sup>-1</sup> S<sup>-1</sup> [Gd(iii)%, 0.5 mM] and 2.6-8.9%, respectively. The Gd(iii)/CQDs with diameters in the range of 2-3 nm can be well dispersed in deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline buffer solution or culture medium to form a stable dispersion, which with low cytotoxicity can penetrate into cells and show green fluorescence (excitation at 488 nm), presenting a great potential to be used as an MRI/FI contrast agent.
A Cloud Based Mobile Dispatching System with Built-in Social CRM Component: Design and Implementation (2015)

Mobile dispatching applications have become popular for at least two major reasons. The first reason is a more mobile-centric usage pattern, where users relate to apps for fulfilling different needs that they have. In this respect, a vehicle dispatching application for mobile phones is perceived as a modern way of booking a vehicle. The second reason has to do with the advantages that this method has over traditional dispatching systems, such as being able to see the vehicle approaching on a map, being able to rate a driver and the most importantly spurring customer retention. The taxi dispatching business, one of the classes of dispatching businesses, tends to be a medium to lower class fidelity service, where users mostly consider the closest taxi as opposed to quality, which is regarded as being at a relatively consistent level. We propose a new approach for the taxi ordering application , a mobile dispatching system, which allows for a more engaged user base and offers fidelity rewards that are used to enhance the customer retention level based on a built in social customer relationship management (CRM) component. With this approach, we argue that in a business world which is shifting from a consumer-centric marketing to a human-centric model, this apps will allows taxi businesses to better interact with their clients in a more direct and responsible manner. Also this distributed system helps taxi drivers, which can receive orders directly from their clients and will be able to benefit from offering quality services as they can get higher ratings.
DeltaSyn (2009)

During the IC design process, functional specifications are often modified late in the design cycle, after placement and routing are completed. However, designers are left either to manually process such modifications by hand or to restart the design process from scratch---a very costly option. In order to address this issue, we present DeltaSyn, a method for generating a highly optimized logic difference between a modified high-level specification and an implemented design. DeltaSyn has the ability to locate boundaries in implemented logic within which changes can be confined. DeltaSyn demarcates the boundary in two phases. The first phase employs fast functional and structural analysis techniques to identify equivalent signals forming the input-side boundary of the changes. The second phase locates the outputside boundary of the changes through a novel dynamic algorithm that detects matching logic downstream from the changes required by the ECO. Experiments on industrial designs show that together these techniques successfully implement ECOs while preserving an average of 97% of the existing logic. Unlike previous approaches, the use of bitparallel logic simulation and fast SAT solvers enables high performance and scalability. DeltaSyn can process and verify a typical ECO for a design of around 10K gates in about 200 seconds or less.
New results for coaxial re-entrant cavity with partially dielectric filled gap (1992)

Resonant frequencies, Q-factor and electromagnetic field intensity are presented for a set of varied parameters of a coaxial re-entrant cavity with a gap partially filled with a dielectric. The cavity is analyzed using the mode matching technique. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Based on the numerical results, a scheme for mode identification is proposed and the mode transition is discussed. Furthermore, the equivalent gap capacitances are obtained and compared with the results from an existing formula which has been modified for the dielectric loaded gap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-Dose Immunization with Adenovirus Expressing the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor A-Subunit Deviates the Antibody Response toward That of Autoantibodies in Human Graves’ Disease (2003)

Immunization with adenovirus expressing the TSH receptor (TSHR) induces hyperthyroidism in 25-50% of mice. Even more effective is immunization with a TSHR A-subunit adenovirus (65-84% hyperthyroidism). Nevertheless, TSHR antibody characteristics in these mice do not mimic accurately those of autoantibodies in typical Graves' patients, with a marked TSH-blocking antibody response. We hypothesized that this suboptimal antibody response was consequent to the standard dose of TSHR-adenovirus providing too great an immune stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we compared BALB/c mice immunized with the usual number (10(11)) and with far fewer viral particles (10(9) and 10(7)). Regardless of viral dose, hyperthyroidism developed in a similar proportion (68-80%) of mice. We then examined the qualitative nature of TSHR antibodies in each group. Sera from all mice had TSH binding-inhibitory (TBI) activity after the second immunization, with TBI values in proportion to the viral dose. After the third injection, all groups had near-maximal TBI values. Remarkably, in confirmation of our hypothesis, immunization with progressively lower viral doses generated TSHR antibodies approaching the characteristics of autoantibodies in human Graves' disease as follows: 1) lower TSHR antibody titers on ELISA and 2) lower TSH-blocking antibody activity without decrease in thyroid-stimulating antibody activity. In summary, low-dose immunization with adenovirus expressing the free TSHR A-subunit provides an induced animal model with a high prevalence of hyperthyroidism as well as TSHR antibodies more closely resembling autoantibodies in Graves' disease.
Surge-Energy and Overvoltage Ruggedness of P-Gate GaN HEMTs (2020)

An essential ruggedness of power devices is the capability of safely withstanding the surge energy. The surge ruggedness of the GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), a power transistor with no or minimal avalanche capability, has not been fully understood. This article unveils the comprehensive physics associated with the surge-energy withstand process and the failure mechanisms of p-gate GaN HEMTs. Two commercial p-gate GaN HEMTs with Ohmic- and Schottky-type gate contacts are studied. Two circuits are developed to study the device surge ruggedness: an unclamped inductive switching circuit is first used to identify the withstand dynamics and failure mechanisms, and a clamped inductive switching circuit with a controllable parasitic inductance is then designed to mimic the surge energy in converter-like switching events. The p-gate GaN HEMT is found to withstand the surge energy through a resonant energy transfer between the device capacitance and the load/parasitic inductance rather than a resistive energy dissipation as occurred in the avalanche. If the device resonant voltage goes below zero, the device reversely turns on and the inductor is discharged. The device failure occurs at the transient of peak resonant voltage and is limited by the device overvoltage capability rather than the surge energy, dV/dt, or overvoltage duration. Almost no energy is dissipated in the resonant withstand process and the device failure is dominated by an electric field rather than a thermal runaway. These results provide critical understandings on the ruggedness of GaN HEMTs and important references for their qualifications and applications.
Immunologic evidence that the properties of human antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) are attributes of a single molecular species (1976)

Preparations of human plasma rich in antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) correct the coagulative defect of classic hemophilic plasma, form precipitates with specific heterologous antiserum, and support aggregation of platelets by ristacetin and retention of platelets by columns of glass beads. Whether these various properties can all be attributed to a single molecular species is disputed. Antiserums were prepared in rabbits to partially purified AHF and to high molecular weight (MW) and low MW fragments separated by gel filtration through columns of agarose in the presence of 0.25 M calcium chloride. Antiserums to AHF and to its high or low MW fragments all inactivated procoagulant AHF in plasma or in preparations of AHF. In contrast, antiserums to AHF and its low MW fragment inactivated procoagulant AHF in the low MW fragment, while that against the high MW fragment lacked this property. Thus, the low MW fragment appeared to have some antigenic sites not present or accessible to the antiserum against the high MW fragment. In agreement with this, the low MW fragment did not block antiserum against the high MW fragment as tested by the capacity of this antiserum to inactivate functional AHF in plasma. These immunologic studies support the view that the various properties of preparations of human AHF are attributes of a single molecular species.
Sharp Thresholds for High-Dimensional and Noisy Sparsity Recovery Using $\ell _{1}$-Constrained Quadratic Programming (Lasso) (2009)

The problem of consistently estimating the sparsity pattern of a vector beta* isin R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> based on observations contaminated by noise arises in various contexts, including signal denoising, sparse approximation, compressed sensing, and model selection. We analyze the behavior of l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -constrained quadratic programming (QP), also referred to as the Lasso, for recovering the sparsity pattern. Our main result is to establish precise conditions on the problem dimension p, the number k of nonzero elements in beta*, and the number of observations n that are necessary and sufficient for sparsity pattern recovery using the Lasso. We first analyze the case of observations made using deterministic design matrices and sub-Gaussian additive noise, and provide sufficient conditions for support recovery and l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> -error bounds, as well as results showing the necessity of incoherence and bounds on the minimum value. We then turn to the case of random designs, in which each row of the design is drawn from a N (0, Sigma) ensemble. For a broad class of Gaussian ensembles satisfying mutual incoherence conditions, we compute explicit values of thresholds 0 < thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> (Sigma) les thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> (Sigma) < +infin with the following properties: for any delta > 0, if n > 2 (thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> + delta) klog (p- k), then the Lasso succeeds in recovering the sparsity pattern with probability converging to one for large problems, whereas for n < 2 (thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> - delta)klog (p - k), then the probability of successful recovery converges to zero. For the special case of the uniform Gaussian ensemble (Sigma = I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ptimesp</sub> ), we show that thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> = thetas< <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> = 1, so that the precise threshold n = 2 klog(p- k) is exactly determined.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Precise Phytophthora Decision Support (2005)

The development of wireless sensor networks opens the possibility to extend spatial information withtemporal information for precise decision support in agriculture. Possibilities of measuring themicroclimate in a potato crop for a new generation Phytophthora control system are investigated.Experiments are carried out with mica2dot nodes to study the propagation of radio waves in a cropcanopy. An architecture is developed to collect sensor data in agricultural fields for use in decisionsupport systems.<br><br>Results on propagation showed that a dry, full developed crop canopy limits the distance that radioscan cover to around 11 meters when placed near the soil surface. Wet conditions improvepropagation. A number of 140 nodes collect data on temperature and relative humidity in a potatocrop. This information is forwarded by an energy efficient protocol to a gateway at the side of thefield. From there it is forewarded to a data warehouse and a decision support system. It is shown thatprinciples of the ISO11783 standard can be used for both infield wireless communication and fordata exchange between the field and the decision support systems.