gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Landmine Signature using SAW-based Polymer-coated Chemical Sensor (2004)

The explosive charge within a landmine is the source for a mixture of chemical vapours that form a distinctive chemical signature indicative of a landmine. The concentrations of these compounds in the air over landmines is extremely low (parts-per-trillion or lower), well below the minimum detection limits of most field-portable chemical sensors. This paper describes a portable  surface acoustic wave-based polymer-coated sensor for the detection of hidden explosives. The sensitivity and selectivity of polymer-based sensors depend on several factors including the chemo-selective coating used, the physical properties of the vapour(s) of interest, the selected transducers, and the operating conditions. The polymer-based sensor was calibrated in the  laboratory using the explosive vapour generator. The preliminary results indicated that the carbowax 1000 could be a very good chemical interface to sense low levels of chemical signature of explosive material. Response for 50 ppb of TNT vapours was observed to be 400 Hz for an exposure of 2 min.
[Development of biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials]. (2009)

Magnesium is a macroelement which is indispensable to human bodies. As a lightweight metal with high specific strength and favorable biocompatibility, magnesium and its alloys have been introduced in the field of biomedical materials research and have a broad application prospect. It is possible to develop new type of biodegradable medical magnesium alloys by use of the poor corrosion resistance of magnesium. Bioabsorbable magnesium stents implanted in vivo could mechanically support the vessel in a short term, effectly prevent the acute coronary occlusion and in-stent restenosis, and then be gradully biodegraded and completely absorbed in a long term. Osteoconductive bioactivity in magnesium-based alloys could promote the apposition growth of bone tissue. This paper reviews the progress of magnesium and its alloys applied in bone tissue and cardiovascular stents, and the prospect of the future research of magnesium-based biomaterials is discussed.
Increase of pullout strength of spinal pedicle screws with conical core: Biomechanical tests and finite element analyses (2004)

Screw loosening can threaten pedicle screw fixation of the spine. Conical screws can improve the bending strength, but studies of their pullout strength as compared with that of cylindrical screws have shown wide variation. In the present study, polyurethane foam with two different densities (0.32 and 0.16 gm/cm3) was used to compare the pullout strength and stripping torque among three kinds of pedicle screws with different degrees of core tapering. Three-dimensional finite element models were also developed to compare the structural performance of these screws and to predict their pullout strength. In the mechanical tests, pullout strength was consistently higher in the higher density foam and was closely related to screw insertion torque (r=0.87 and 0.81 for the high and low density foam, respectively) and stripping torque (r=0.92 and 0.78, respectively). Conical core screws with effective foam compaction had significantly higher pullout strength and insertion torque than cylindrical core screws (p<0.05). The results of finite element analyses were closely related to those of the mechanical tests in both situations with or without foam compaction. This study led to three conclusions: polyurethane foam bone yielded consistent experimental results; screws with a conical core could significantly increase pullout strength and insertion torque over cylindrical; and finite element models could reliably reflect the results of mechanical tests.
Effect of ADAMTS13 activity turnaround time on plasma utilization for suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2015)

Implementation of a rapid turnaround assay for ADAMTS13 resulted in a significant reduction in plasma utilization for patients with suspected TTP, without an increase in mortality. This study demonstrates that these data, provided in a timely fashion, can avoid unnecessary plasma exchange in patients who do not have TTP.
A Monolithic Polymide Nozzle Array for Inkjet Printing (1998)

A monolithic polyimide nozzle array for thermal inkjet printing has been developed. This print head was realized by molding polyimide nozzles on top of a silicon wafer with a micro heater array. On this print head, closely spaced nozzles and 22m high micro cavities/channels are formed using a direct photolithographic process on a photosensitive polyimide and a sacrificial etch on a thick photoresist using a low temperature (<300 C) process. The micro cavities under each nozzle are separated from each other by polyimide columns which in this design have a minimum width of 6m. All the micro cavities connect to a common ink reservoir which is formed during the same sacrificial etch used to build the ink cavities. Ink is supplied to the reservoir through a hole in the silicon substrate. Nozzle arrays with densities ranging from 300 dots per inch (dpi) to 800 dpi have been designed and fabricated.
Metabolism of trimipramine in man. (1989)

This paper describes studies on the metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressant 5-(3-dimethylamino-2-methylpropyl)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine (trimipramine, Stangyl) in man. The metabolites were identified after cleavage of conjugates, extraction and derivatisation by acetylation in human urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Besides the unchanged trimipramine (T), the following 15 metabolites could be identified: mono- and dihydroxy-T, hydroxy-methoxy-T; iminodibenzyl (I), mono- and dihydroxy-I, hydroxy-methoxy-I; nor-T (NT), mono- and dihydroxy-NT, hydroxy-methoxy-NT; bis-nor-T (BNT), mono- and dihydroxy-BNT and hydroxy-methoxy-BNT. Therefore 3 overlapping metabolic pathways can be postulated: N-dealkylation of the nitrogen in the iminodibenzyl ring, 1- and 2-fold N-demethylation of the nitrogen in the side chain and 1- and 2-fold aromatic hydroxylation of the iminodibenzyl ring. The dihydroxy metabolites are partly methylated at one of the hydroxy groups. The hydroxy metabolites are conjugated additionally.
A CMOS serial link for fully duplexed data communication (1995)

This paper describes a CMOS serial link allowing fully duplexed 500 Mbaud serial data communication. The CMOS serial link is a robust and low-cost solution to high data rate requirements. A central charge pump PLL for generating multiphase clocks for oversampling is shared by several serial link channels. Fully duplexed serial data communication is realized in the bidirectional bridge by separating incoming data from the mixed signal on the cable end. The digital PLL accomplishes process-independent data recovery by using a low-ratio oversampling, a majority voting, and a parallel data recovery scheme. Mostly, digital approach could extend its bandwidth further with scaled CMOS technology. A single channel serial link and a charge pump PLL are integrated in a test chip using 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology. The test chip confirms upto 500 Mbaud unidirectional mode operation and 320 Mbaud fully duplexed mode operation with pseudo random data patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Progressive ganglion cell loss and optic nerve degeneration in DBA/2J mice is variable and asymmetric (2006)

A comparison of the data collected from the two cohorts of mice used for this study suggests that the initial site of damage in this disease is to the axons in the optic nerve, followed by the subsequent death of the ganglion cell soma.
Algorithms for Computing the Volume and Other Integral Properties of Solid Objects (1981)

This memo is based in part on a Dissertation submitted by Y.T. Lee in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the M.Sc. degree in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Rochester. Y.T. Lee is on leave from the University of Leeds, U.K.
Oral Immunization Against Experimental Salmonellosis I. Development of Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Vaccines (1970)

Mutant strains of Salmonella enteritidis were selected for their inability to proliferate at 37 C; when exposed to this temperature, these organisms formed tangled masses of long filaments in liquid media, presumably as a result of their inability to form cross septa. The mutants were also incapable of synthesizing flagella protein. A study of the biological charateristics of the mutants indicated that in most respects they resembled the parent strain of S. enteritidis; however, they were avirulent for mice, presumably because of the restriction of growth imposed by the body temperature of the animal. Preliminary studies have suggested that these mutants are highly effective in inducing protection against severe challenge infections of S. enteritidis; of especial interest is the fact that, when given orally, the mutants conferred a substantial degree of protection against oral infection with the virulent strain.
Trials with a new molluscicide, Bayer 73, in Southern Rhodesia. (1961)

The molluscicide Bayer 73 has been tested widely in laboratories and in small field experiments. It was decided in Southern Rhodesia, where mollusciciding is an important weapon in the control of bilharziasis, that the chemical should be tested against the local host snails both in the laboratory and on a large field scale. The results have been most encouraging and have led to the conclusion that Bayer 73 is one of the most effective molluscicides produced to date.
Quantification of 7-methyldeoxyguanosine using immunoaffinity purification and HPLC with electrochemical detection (1993)

7-Methylguanine (7-meG) could be a useful marker of recent past exposure to environmental methylating agents for use in epidemiological studies. A method is described that is appropriate for such an application. 7-meG was released from DNA by thermal hydrolysis under conditions (pH 9, 70 degrees C, 8 h) that preferentially released the base from DNA rather than RNA and, following immunopurification using antibodies specific for this DNA adduct, quantification was achieved either by HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) or by ELISA. The detection limits of the two approaches were 0.5 and 2 pmol 7-meG/DNA sample respectively. 7-meG was analysed in DNA samples contaminated with known amounts of RNA to test the possible interference in the analysis by the minor modified nucleoside 7-methylguanine, which is present as a normal component of RNA. 7-meG levels measured in human pancreas and untreated rat liver DNA were between 2 and 7 pmol 7-meG/mumol guanosine and this level could not be explained by RNA contamination. The combination of immunoaffinity purification and HPLC with ECD provides a method that is sensitive and specific for 7-meG and suitable for integration into molecular epidemiological studies.
Current and Emerging Approaches for Natural Product Biosynthesis in Microbial Cells (2005)

Abstract Microorganisms and plants synthesize a tremendous diversity of chemical compounds. For centuries, these compounds have been used as medicines, foods and other useful materials. The still largely unexplored structural and chemical diversity of natural products is unmatched by synthetic methodology and continues to be the most successful source for the discovery of novel scaffolds with important biological activities. Thus, exploiting the selectivity and specificity of the biosynthetic machineries that make these complex compounds can provide ways of synthesizing diverse natural products or their core scaffolds for further synthetic modification. Microbial cells can be fitted with new biosynthetic abilities using metabolic and genetic engineering strategies to overproduce desired compounds. Efforts in genome sequencing give access to an incredible number of genes from microorganisms and, more recently, from plants that can be in silico screened for new biosynthetic functions allowing tapping into the synthetic potential of microorganisms, and especially plants. In addition, by exploiting natural biodiversity by using traditional screening methods or metagenomics approaches, novel biosynthetic pathways and genes can be discovered for the synthesis of additional structures in engineered microbial cells. In this review, we will describe some of the recent developments in natural product biosynthesis, and also describe some of the emerging approaches to harness the chemical diversity that lies hidden in nature.
Case-Control Study of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma among Women and Heterosexual Men in the San Francisco Bay Area, California (1999)

A population-based case-control study was conducted between 1988 and 1995 in the San Francisco Bay Area of California to determine risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Participants completed in-person interviews, and blood was drawn to test for viruses and lymphocyte subsets. This report includes data for 1,281 cases and 2,095 controls. In multivariate analyses, the factors associated with a decreased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were allergy to plants, bee and wasp stings, five or more vaccinations, drugs to lower blood cholesterol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, total number of sexual partners, and lifetime marijuana use, whereas an increased risk was associated with cimetidine and other histamine H2-receptor antagonists, splenectomy, gonorrhea, and body mass index. Unique to sex-specific models was an increased risk for endocrine gland disorders among women and for polio among men. Median CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and lymphocyte counts for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were significantly lower than those for controls. These results implicate environmental factors that may influence the early stages of lymphomagenesis by stimulating the immune system. Antigen-driven B cells that accumulate to form lymphoma may be suppressed by immunologic stresses such as exposure to an increased number of sexual partners and to certain medications. A history of allergies provides evidence for a persistent capacity for B-cell differentiation and therefore a decreased accumulation of B cells. The decreased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cholesterol-lowering drugs is consistent with a macrophage inflammatory role in B-cell proliferation.
High resolution ordering of DNA markers by multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization of prophase chromosomes (1994)

To improve resolution for physical ordering of adjacent DNA loci, prophase chromosomes were used for multi-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The prophase chromosomes were prepared from cultured lymphocytes by a thymidine synchronization, bromodeoxyuridine release technique and then treating the synchronized cultures with topoisomerase II inhibitors ICRF154 or ICRF193. Almost all mitotic figures exhibited highly elongated prophase chromosomes without significant reduction of the mitotic index. Using multi-color FISH with these prophase chromosomes, we were able to distinguish signals for loci separated by as little as 50 kb, and determine their orientation. Furthermore, using this prophase ordering system, we confirmed the linear order and defined the orientation of seven cosmid markers within a 360-kb region surrounding D10S102, a locus that is closely linked to the disease locus in families segregating an allele causing multiple endocrine neoplasia IIA (MEN2A). This prophase FISH system, by rapidly and precisely providing the linear order of loci that are very close, can expedite construction of fine cytogenetic maps and contribute to positional-cloning studies in which the precise ordering of DNA loci in a target region is critical.
An efficient coding method for the local motion vector by using global motion (1998)

A new fast local motion estimation (ME) method is proposed for the two-stage estimation algorithm of global and local motions. The local motion part is extracted from the block motion used in the global ME and it is used as an initial motion vector in the local ME, resulting in a remarkable reduction of the search range for the local ME.
Interorgan Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthetic Genes by Pollination (1993)

Sharman D. O'Neill, Jeanette A. Nadeau, Xian Sheng Zhang, Anhthu Q. Bui, Abraham H. Halevy, Interorgan Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthetic Genes by Pollination, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Apr., 1993), pp. 419-432
Stimulation of Human Neutrophil Degranulation by Mefloquine (1988)

The effect of the antimalarial drug mefloquine on human neutrophil degranulation, chemiluminescence, superoxide production and viability was examined in vitro. Mefloquine was found to significantly stimulate the release of lysozyme, beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxide at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (2.5 X 10(-5) M) without loss of cell viability. At 40 micrograms/ml mefloquine (1 X 10(-4) M) cell viability was significantly decreased. Mefloquine at 10 micrograms/ml also significantly increased the release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase but not myeloperoxidase when neutrophils were stimulated with opsonized zymosan. At a lower zymosan concentration myeloperoxidase release was also increased. Enzyme activity was not directly stimulated by mefloquine. Mefloquine at 10 micrograms/ml significantly increased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence but significantly inhibited lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence when neutrophils were stimulated with opsonized zymosan. Under these conditions superoxide release, measured by cytochrome c reduction, was inhibited to a lesser degree. These results are discussed with reference to our previous report that mefloquine inhibits the neutrophil iodination reaction [Immunology 58: 125-130, 1986] and the use of mefloquine as an anti-inflammatory drug.
Chlamydia trachomatis Can Be Transmitted by a Nonporous Plastic Surface In Vitro (1995)

Chlamydial conjunctivitis is a disease associated with venereal transmission through direct sexual contact or autoinoculation with genital secretions. Appropriate therapy for patients and their sexual partners involves important questions regarding the source of infection and mode of transmission. This study explored the potential role of a fomite, i.e., an environmental surface, as a possible vector of transmission. We determined the in vitro recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from a nonporous plastic surface under ambient and humid conditions using the standard shell vial technique and confirmation by direct monoclonal immunofluorescence. Under ambient conditions, the TP50 (time at which 50% of samples were positive for Chlamydia) was 5 min, with complete desiccation occurring at 45 min. Under humid conditions, the TP50 was 52.5 min and complete desiccation did not occur up to 3 h. Beyond 45 min, a significantly greater number of positive chlamydial samples were collected under humid conditions (11 of 30) than under ambient conditions (0 of 30) (p = 0.00016). We conclude that a fomite, such as a nonporous plastic surface, may serve as a potential vector for the transmission of chlamydial infection to the eye, especially under humid conditions. This new information may prove useful in counseling patients and their sexual partners.
Transformation of LPG into Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen over Zeolite Catalysts (1994)

Abstract A way to increase the value of LPG cut from petroleum feedstocks is its direct transformation to H2 and aromatic products; these aromatic products, BTX—essentially benzene (B), toluene (T), and C, -aromatics (X)—can be used as raw material for the petrochemical industry or as a blending mixture to enhance the octane number of gasoline. However, these transformations require high temperatures. Thermodynamic data show that the conversion of paraffins into aromatics is favored by increasing the length of the chain, and that aromatics are favored in relation to olefins (Table 1) [1,2]. Whereas aromatization of propane and higher paraffins can be carried out at temperatures lower than 500°C, transformation of ethane, and especially that of methane, requires much higher temperatures. This is experimentally supported by the transformation of various hydrocarbons, at constant temperature and space velocity. For instance, over H-[All-ZSM-5, butane and isobutane react four times faster than propane and 100 times faster than ethane [3].
Regional CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes inferred from mixing ratio measurements: estimates from flask air samples in central Kansas, USA (2006)

We estimated regional fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) using mixing ratios measured in a tallgrass prairie in central Kansas, USA over 3 yr (2002–2004). Glass flasks were used to collect whole air samples in the midafternoon for determining CO2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotopic composition. Regional CO2 fluxes were calculated assuming atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) approaches an equilibrium state on a monthly basis. CO2 mixing ratios derived from the marine boundary layer data were used as a proxy to represent those in the free troposphere, which allowed for determining a boundary layer CO2 gradient primarily resulting from surface exchange. We estimated temporal changes in the ABL height for this region on a monthly basis (600–1700 m asl for a 5-yr average between 1997 and 2001) from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model data. Accordingly, we estimated the rate of entrainment (flux density) by interpolating NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data to the estimated ABL height. Our study differentiates from previous studies in several aspects: (1) we used flask-based mixing ratio measurements; (2) only discrete midday CO2 mixing ratio data were used to construct weekly CO2 gradients between free troposphere and the ABL and (3) we propose a new means for estimating monthly values of vertical transport. Modelled regional CO2 fluxes were compared to net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 fluxes measured by eddy covariance method. Assuming negligible vertical CO2 gradients between mid-ABL and the surface layer and with no correction applied, calculated NEE showed a general agreement with measured NEE fluxes throughout the growing season. Using CO mixing ratio data, we show that fossil fuel burning contributed negligible CO2 fluxes in summer but partially explained the discrepancy between modelled regional CO2 fluxes and measured NEE in winter. This wintertime fossil fuel input was consistent with carbon isotope measurements of CO2. We demonstrate in this study that CO2 mixing ratios subsampled at midday in the surface layer can be used to gain insights into regional CO2 flux exchange in the U.S. Great Plains area.