gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease: synapses gone cold (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by insidious cognitive decline and memory dysfunction. Synapse loss is the best pathological correlate of cognitive decline in AD and mounting evidence suggests that AD is primarily a disease of synaptic dysfunction. Soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid beta (Aβ), the peptide that aggregates to form senile plaques in the brain of AD patients, have been shown to be toxic to neuronal synapses both in vitro and in vivo. Aβ oligomers inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) and facilitate long-term depression (LTD), electrophysiological correlates of memory formation. Furthermore, oligomeric Aβ has also been shown to induce synapse loss and cognitive impairment in animals. The molecular underpinnings of these observations are now being elucidated, and may provide clear therapeutic targets for effectively treating the disease. Here, we review recent findings concerning AD pathogenesis with a particular focus on how Aβ impacts synapses.
Benzodiazepines: Abuse and New Use (1991)

Both abuse and new uses for benzodiazepines are reviewed. The pharmacology of benzodiazepines is summarized and statistics regarding their general use are given. The question of benzodiazepine abuse is reviewed in some detail and the question of rebound, recurrence of symptoms and physiological withdrawal is differentiated. Benzodiazepines are regarded as a very safe class of drugs and the abuse potential is felt to be negligible provided that they are prescribed for appropriate conditions and monitored carefully. The dangers of alternatives to benzodiazepines such as alcohol or barbiturates is emphasized. New uses for benzodiazepines are reviewed including the use of benzodiazepines in panic disorder, as well as an adjunct in the therapy of mania and some psychotic states. Rational prescribing of benzodiazepines is encouraged and the attitude that these are dangerous and addictive drugs is discouraged and put into perspective.
Stereoscopic video generation based on efficient layered structure and motion estimation from a monoscopic image sequence (2005)

This paper presents a novel object-based method for the generation of a stereoscopic image sequence from a monoscopic video, using bidirectional two-dimensional motion estimation for the recovery of rigid motion and structure and a Bayesian framework to handle occlusions. The latter is based on extended Kalman filters and an efficient method for reliably tracking object masks. Experimental results show that the layered object scene representation, combined with the proposed algorithm for reliably tracking object masks throughout the sequence, yields very accurate results.
Block copolymers via thermal polymeric iniferters. Synthesis of silicone-vinyl block copolymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock copolymers via thermal polymeric iniferters. Synthesis of silicone-vinyl block copolymersC. P. Reghunadhan Nair and G. ClouetCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 5, 1361–1369Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00207a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00207a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 30-GHz GaAs FET Amplifier (2005)

A Ka-band GaAs FET amplifier with 11 dB maximum single-stage gain at 33 GHz has been developed. At reduced drain currents and drain source voltages, noise figures as low as 5.5 dB were measured, and minimum noise measures of 7.0 dB were obtained from the experimental data. The Hughes 0.5 mu m GaAs FETs used in this development were fabricated using electron-beam lithography. The device fabrication technology of these Hughes FETs and the design and performance of the 30 GHz FET amplifier are discussed in some detail.
The cdc2Ms Kinase Is Differently Regulated in the Cytoplasm and in the Nucleus (1997)

To study a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), an antibody was raised against the C-terminal 16 amino acids of the protein cdc2aMs. The cdc2Ms protein was immunopurified with this antibody and its histone kinase activity was measured. The cdc2Ms kinase is activated at the G1/S transition when phosphate-starved cells from the G0 phase re-enter the cell cycle and remain active as cells transit the S, G2, and M phases, indicating that the same CDK regulates all of these phases in alfalfa. In contrast, when cdc2Ms kinase was purified by binding to p13suc1, it was active only in the G2 and M phases. In immunoblots the C-terminal antibody detected an equal amount of the cdc2Ms protein in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. By indirect immunofluorescence, however, the cytoplasmic form of cdc2Ms could not be found in the S phase of the cells, indicating that the epitope for the cdc2 antibody is not accessible. Binding of putative inhibitor proteins to cdc2 was shown by inactivation of purified plant CDK when cell extracts were added. Furthermore, purified CDK inhibitors, such as the mouse p27kip1 and the yeast p40sic1, blocked the purified plant CDK activity.
Effect of glycol on movement of borate from fused borate rods (2002)

The effects of glycol compounds on borate distribution (as sodium borates) were investigated using Douglas-fir heartwood blocks conditioned to 30 or 60 percent moisture content (MC). Glycol had relatively small effects on borate diffusion at 15 or 60 percent MC. Borate diffusion was nearly always complete at the higher MC, largely negating the need for glycol. Glycol effects at 15 percent MC were similar to those found with the addition of comparable levels of water. The effect of glycol was most pronounced at 30 percent MC, although the results did not differ markedly from those with water addition. The results suggest that, while glycol can produce a slight enhancement in borate diffusion, the added costs probably do not justify the use of this compound in place of water as a medium for enhanced diffusion.
Choroid plexus ependymal cells host neural progenitor cells in the rat (2005)

We previously demonstrated that choroid plexus epithelial (modified ependymal) cells (CPECs) differentiated into astrocytes after grafting into the spinal cord. In the present study, we examined whether CPECs from rats at postnatal 1 day (P1), 7 day (P7), and 8 weeks (P8W) can function as neural progenitor cells that give rise to neurons and glial cells. Cell spheres were produced in cultures of whole tissue of the choroid plexus from the fourth ventricle of rats at each postnatal period. beta-tubulin class III (Tuj-1), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-, and O4-positive cells differentiated from cell spheres in the differentiation medium. We produced a monoclonal antibody 3E6 specifically labeling microvilli of CPECs. Using this monoclonal antibody, CPECs were isolated from the choroid plexus of P8W rats by cell sorter (FACS). Immunocytochemistry confirmed that there was no contamination from fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, or Schwann cells in the FACS-isolated 3E6-labeled cells. Cell spheres formed in the cultures of these 3E6-labeled CPECs. After expansion, these cell spheres gave rise to Tuj-1- (5%), GFAP- (45%), and O4-positive cells (0.16%). The remaining cells (45%) were unlabeled neural or glial markers. Some CPECs of the P8W rat were immunohistochemically stained with lineage-associated markers of Musashi-1 and epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R). In addition, infusion of EGF or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) into the ventricle increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells among CPECs from 0.03% (untreated) to 1.14% (38-fold, EGF) and 1.03% (35-fold, FGF2), respectively. These findings indicate that neural progenitor cells exist among CPECs in the rat.
New and rare to species of Sphaeropsidales the Polish flora (2014)

The paper presents a list of 23 species of <i>Sphaeropsidales (Ascochyta, Phoma, Phyllostica, Septoria</i> and <i>Stagonospora</i>) new or raie to the Polish flora. Some of them arę very rare in Europe and are known from a few countries all over the world.e.g. <i>Ascochyta geraniicola, A. kleinii, A. teretiuscula</i> var. <i>caridcola, A.pachyphragmae, Phoma funkiae-albomarginatae, Phyllosticta lunariae</i> and <i>Septoria cucubali</i>.
Rapid Batch Fractionation of Ryegrass Pollen Allergens (1980)

A rapid batch fractionation procedure employing ion-exchange matrices has been used to fractionate ryegrass pollen antigens and allergens. After sequential elution through CM-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephadex, a group of four electrophoretically distinct allergens with a molecular weight of approximately 32,000 was fractionated. These allergens correspond to the group I allergens previously isolated by Johnson and Marsh. This material may be suitable for clinical use where a characterised group I allergen preparation is required.
Positive airway pressure: Making an impact on sleep apnea (2019)

Positive airway pressure (PAP) devices deliver a pressurized column of air to open the airway in patients with sleep apnea. For patients with moderate to severe sleep apnea, PAP therapy is the gold standard for treatment, with demonstrated improvements in daytime sleepiness and cardiovascular measures that are superior to conservative treatments. For a variety of reasons, adherence to PAP therapy is a challenge for many patients, resulting in deficits in the frequency and duration of use. To improve use and compliance to therapy, several advanced features are available to enhance comfort, pressure, and humidification factors associated with PAP devices. Patient motivation strategies such as motivational interviews, desensitization protocols, and PAP "NAPs" are also being employed to improve adherence to therapy.
Preparation of Neutral Ionophores for Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations and their application in ion selective membrane electrodes (1975)

Abstract The preparation of a series of non‐cyclic, uncharged ligands able to selectively complex alkali and alkaline earth metal cations is described. These molecules are designed to be used as carriers for cations through membranes. Some of the compounds show high Ca 2+ and Na + selectivity, respectively, in liquid membrane electrodes.
Fund Managers’ Risk Adjustment Behavior:The Viewpoint of Prospect Theory (2011)

This paper develops a model from the viewpoint of “Prospect Theory” and uses it to investigate the relationship among fund managers’ overconfidence, promotion system and their risk adjustment behavior. Our results describe as follows. Fund managers will be conservative while under relative gain situation, and becoming speculative while under relative loss situation. The consideration of promotion system will let fund managers more speculative while under relative gain situation, and more conservative while under relative loss situation. The demonstration shows that when considering the mind of overconfidence, fund managers may increase their portfolio risk under relative gain situation; fund managers instead decrease their portfolio risk under relative loss situation. It means that promotion system and overconfidence both can affect fund managers’ portfolio risk choice, the key point is fund managers is relative winner or loser. Overall, our results suggest that only fund managers become relative winner or loser could they reveal self-interest risk adjustment behavior. Key words: Promotion system, Overconfidence, Prospect theory, Self-interest risk adjustment behavior
A point mutation in the bile acid biosynthetic enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase in a family with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. (1994)

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare familial disorder characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and xanthomas with sterol storage in the nervous system, vessels, and tendons. Increased serum cholestanol, derived from intermediates of cholesterol catabolism, may possibly be a major cause of the disease. An examination was made of the cDNA encoding cytochrome P450 sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) in hepatic mitochondria, considered a defective enzyme inducing CTX, in a Japanese housewife afflicted with CTX and her family. The proposita and one of her brothers, who also had CTX symptoms and hypercholestanolemia, were found to be homozygotic, carrying a point mutation in the CYP27 gene at Arg104 (CGG) to Trp104 (TGG). The mutant position has a 100% conserved positive charge in all known vertebrate cytochrome P450s and even in bacterial cytochrome P450cam. The mother of the proposita and another brother were both free of CTX symptoms and were heterozygotic for the mutation, although their plasma cholesterol increased moderately. An increase in plasma cholestanol alone would, thus, not appear to be a direct cause of sterol storage in CTX, while CTX is strongly suggested to be caused by defects in both alleles of the CYP27 gene.
[Elementary events and characteristics of calcium signalling]. (2000)

There are many different elementary intracellular calcium signalling in the cell. These events appear to have a hierarchical organization depending on stimulus intensity. Low levels of stimulation activate individual channels such as the blips or quarks; The next level of organization is the puffs and sparks, which appear to be derived from small clusters of channels. At high stimulus intensities these elementary events are coordinated to give global events. These events not only present the character of Ca2+ release unit, also lead to different complex spatiotemporal organization of calcium signalling, emphasizing the hierarchical organization and local control model of calcium signalling.
CopraRNA and IntaRNA: predicting small RNA targets, networks and interaction domains (2014)

CopraRNA (Comparative prediction algorithm for small RNA targets) is the most recent asset to the Freiburg RNA Tools webserver. It incorporates and extends the functionality of the existing tool IntaRNA (Interacting RNAs) in order to predict targets, interaction domains and consequently the regulatory networks of bacterial small RNA molecules. The CopraRNA prediction results are accompanied by extensive postprocessing methods such as functional enrichment analysis and visualization of interacting regions. Here, we introduce the functionality of the CopraRNA and IntaRNA webservers and give detailed explanations on their postprocessing functionalities. Both tools are freely accessible at http://rna.informatik.uni-freiburg.de.
Evidence of Breed-dependent Differences in Susceptibility to Porcine Circovirus Type-2-associated Disease and Lesions (2006)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been confirmed as the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). However, in the field, PMWS is seen only in a small percentage of pigs infected with PCV2. The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine whether host genetic differences in the susceptibility to PCV2-associated disease exist among selected breeds of pigs. This study included Duroc (n = 23), Landrace (n = 19), and Large White (n = 21) pigs. The pigs were infected intranasally and intramuscularly at 5-7 weeks of age with PCV2. A portion of the pigs (31/63; 30.2%) had low passively acquired PCV2 antibodies at the time of infection. There were no differences in mean weight gain, rectal temperature, or respiratory score. Clinical disease compatible with PMWS was observed only in the Landrace pigs. Most of the PCV2-infected pigs had enlarged lymph nodes, and individual Duroc and Landrace pigs had mottled tan lungs. PCV2-associated lymphoid depletion and granulomatous inflammation were observed in pigs of all breeds. Three of 19 Landrace pigs and none of the Duroc or Large White pigs developed severe lymphoid lesions associated with large amounts of intralesional PCV2 antigen typical of PMWS. Compared with seronegative Landrace pigs, Landrace pigs that had low maternal antibodies at the time of PCV2 inoculation had significantly (P < 0.05) less-severe PCV2-associated lesions. The results suggest a predisposition of the Landrace pigs of this study to PCV2-induced disease and lesions, and that low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective.
<i>β</i>-lactamase I from <i>Bacillus cereus</i>. Structure and site-directed mutagenesis (1987)

The sequence of the gene for beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus 569/H has been redetermined. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been carried out, and the effects of the changes on the ampicillin-resistance of Escherichia coli TG1 expressing the mutant genes have been studied. Lysine-73, close to the active-site serine-70 and a highly-conserved residue, has been converted into arginine. This change had a large effect on activity, but did not abolish it. An even larger effect was found in the mutant in which glutamate-166 had been converted into glutamine; this had little or no activity. On the other hand, the conversion of glutamate-168 into aspartate gave fully active enzyme. Glutamate-166 is an invariant residue, but glutamate-168 is not. Alanine-123 has been replaced by cysteine, to give active enzyme; this change forms part of the plan to introduce a disulphide bond into the enzyme.
Graphic representation of pain (1976)

Of the different types of visual analogue and graphic rating scales tested in a series of experiments, only two were satisfactory: these were the visual analogue scale and the graphic rating scales used horizontally with the words spread out along the whole length of the line. Other types of scale used gave distributions of results which were not uniform. Unusual distribution of results occurred when patients selected a position adjacent either to descriptive terms or preferred numbers. In some experiments, the distribution of results was determined by the nature of the experiment. Alternation of the ends of a scale did not affect the results. The behaviour of the graphic rating scale was different in patients accustomed to completing it and in those not so accustomed. The results of pain severity measured by these methods showed a very good correlation with pain severity measured by the simple descriptive pain scale. Changes in visual analogue scores also correlated well with changes in simple descriptive pain scores. The visual analogue and graphic rating scales were more sensitive than the traditional simple descriptive pain scale. Most patients could readily use visual analogue and graphic rating scales despite having no previous experience. The failure rate was slightly lower with the graphic rating method. Use of these scales is the best available method for measuring pain or pain relief.
Solvothermal Synthesis of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Hierarchically Dumbbell-Like Microstructures by Nanoplate Self-Assembly and Their Application as a Cathode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2009)

In this work, LiFePO4 with hierarchical microstructures self-assembled by nanoplates has been successfully synthesized by using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the surfactant in a benzyl alcohol system. The resulting dumbbell-like LiFePO4 microstructures are hierarchically constructed with two-dimensional nanoplates with ∼300 nm length and ∼50 nm thicknesses, while these tiny plates are attached side by side in an ordered fashion. Both benzyl alcohol and LiI acting as reducing agents promote the formation of LiFePO4, and the presence of PVP plays an important role in the construction of the hierarchically self-assembled microstructures. A reasonable formation mechanism is proposed on the basis of the result of time-dependent experiments. In addition, the cell performance of the synthesized LiFePO4 is better than that of the commercial LiFePO4, which makes it a promising cathode material for advanced electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
4. The Archangel as Guardian and Psychopomp (2005)

þis is se halga heahengel Sanctus Michael goda hirde ðaes dryhtenlican eowdes, se ðe ne laeteð wulf ne ðeof nanewuht gewirdan on his hlafordes heorde. Anonymous, “In Praise of Michael” homily, CCCC MS 41 The notion that a guardian spirit watches over each human enjoys a long history in Judeo-Christian tradition. As the epigraph from the anonymous Old English homily “In Praise of St. Michael” suggests, the concept was firmly established in Anglo-Saxon England. Indeed, for the Anglo-Saxons, St. Michael was the preeminent guardian of the bodies and souls of the faithful. AElfric, in the Euangelium portion of his homily for St. Michael's feast day, September 29, reflects on the doctrine of guardian angels. Commenting on the second clause of Matthew 18:10, AElfric declares, “By these words is manifested that over every believing man an angel is set as a guardian who shields him against the devil's machinations and supports him in holy virtues.” From a patchwork of quotes on the roles and charges of angels through salvation history, AElfric reaches the conclusion that “It is now credible that the archangel Michael has care of Christian men, he who was prince of the Hebrew folk when they believed in God.” The inclusion of this material in AElfric's homily indicates the degree to which St. Michael's role as a guardian spirit was firmly established by the tenth century in England. According to Christian tradition, St. Michael was also charged with the conveyance of the souls of the faithful to heaven at death. Several additional verse-paragraphs of the Corpus 41 homily suggest that one of the archangel’s most common roles in early medieval England was as psychopomp, or conveyor of the souls of the faithful to heaven at death. Verse-paragraph 14 suggests that it is St. Michael “who leads the soul of each and every true man through the gates of eternal life into the kingdom of heaven.”
Accuracy of Aerodynamic Model Parameters Estimated from Flight Test Data (1997)

An important put of building mathematical models based on measured date is calculating the accuracy associated with statistical estimates of the model parameters. Indeed, without some idea of this accuracy, the parameter estimates themselves have limited value. An expression is developed for computing quantitatively correct parameter accuracy measures for maximum likelihood parameter estimates when the output residuals are colored. This result is important because experience in analyzing flight test data reveals that the output residuals from maximum likelihood estimation are almost always colored. The calculations involved can be appended to conventional maximum likelihood estimation algorithms. Monte Carlo simulation runs were used to show that parameter accuracy measures from the new technique accurately reflect the quality of the parameter estimates from maximum likelihood estimation without the need for correction factors or frequency domain analysis of the output residuals. The technique was applied to flight test data from repeated maneuvers flown on the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle. As in the simulated cases, parameter accuracy measures from the new technique were in agreement with the scatter in the parameter estimates from repeated maneuvers, whereas conventional parameter accuracy measures were optimistic.