gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY SKIN CLOSURE OF A LARGE GROIN DEFECT AFTER INGUINAL LYMPHADENECTOMY FOR PENILE CANCER USING A SKIN STRETCHING DEVICE (1998)

Large skin defects can be closed primarily using a skin stretching device. The primary advantage of the procedure are its simplicity and avoidance of the need for more complicated reconstructive surgery.
New techniques in food and beverage microbiology. (1993)

Extraction and concentration of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by lectin magnetic separation Immunomagnetic separation tecniques for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in foods Rapid separation and detection of food-spoilage yeasts and moulds by means of lectins Separation of Salmonella from foods with magnetic antibody-based biosorbents Ultrasonic standing waves: microbiological applications Detection and enumeration of viable bacteria by flow cytometry Industrial application of flow cytometry for the rapid detection of microorganisms New techniques for the detection of protozoan parasites in water Indirect impedance for microbial screening in the food and beverage industries Monoclonal antibody-based ELISAS Specific and rapid detection of foodborne bacteria with rRNA sequences and the polymerase chain reaction Detection of toxigenic microorganisms in foods by PCR Combined subtraction hybridisation and PCR amplification for generating high specificity bacterial DNA probes Microbial detection and two-dimensional preservative mapping by lux-based bioluminescence Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins Tissue culture assay for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis Epidemiological typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens by pyrolysis mass spectroscopy Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for epidemiological typing of Listeria monocytogenes Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the analysis of bacterial populations Ribotyping and arbitrary primer PCR-fingerprinting of Campylobacters Epidemiological typing of bacterial isolates by random amplification of polymorphic DNA
Aromatic and Azaaromatic Diselenides, Benzisoselenazolones and Related Compounds as Immunomodulators Active in Humans: Synthesis and Properties (1993)

Abstract Convenient syntheses of aryl diselenides 2 , 1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2 H )‐ones 4 and their 1‐oxides 7 are reported. Reductive conversions of these compounds to bis(2‐carbamoyl)‐phenyl diselenides 5 and oxidative cyclization of 5 to 1,2‐benzisoselenazol‐3(2 H )‐one 1‐oxides 7 as the methods for the synthesis of these compounds are reported. Their ability to induce cytokines, such as TNF and IFN‐γ, in human peripheral blood leucocyte cultures is described.
Glutamic acid-induced shoot differentiation in tobacco callus tissues and changes in nicotine content and in activities of aminotransferases, ornithine transcarbamylase, and arginase. (1991)

Floral bud calluses of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Anand-2 produced multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.4 mg/l kinetin (Kn), and L-glutamic acid (2.5 mM). However cultures of calluses on MS medium containing only the IAA and Kn did not differentiate shoots. Specific activities of phenylalanine aminotransferase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and ornithine aminotransferase were over 7-, 5- and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the glutamic acid-treated calluses than in the nonshoot-forming ones on the day of shoot emergence. Activities of ornithine transcarbamylase and arginase decreased after the onset of the differentiation process. Implications of the enzyme activities in the differentiation process and in nicotine biogenesis are discussed.
A numerical optimization approach for tuning fuzzy logic controllers (1999)

This paper develops a method to tune fuzzy controllers using numerical optimization. The main attribute of this approach is that it allows fuzzy logic controllers to be tuned to achieve global performance requirements. Furthermore, this approach allows design constraints to be implemented during the tuning process. The method tunes the controller by parameterizing the membership functions for error, change-in-error, and control output. The resulting parameters form a design vector which is iteratively changed to minimize an objective function. The minimal objective function results in an optimal performance of the system. A spacecraft mounted science payload line-of-sight pointing control is used to demonstrate results.
Recent Advances in Multiband Printed Antennas Based onMetamaterial Loading (2012)

It is shown that printed antennas loaded with metamaterial resonators can be designed to exhibit multiband functionality. Two different antenna types and metamaterial loading are considered: (i) printed dipoles or monopoles loaded with open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) and (ii) meander line or folded dipole antennas loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs) or spiral resonators (SRs). In the first case, multiband operation is achieved by series connecting one or more OCSRRs within the dipole/monopole. Such resonators force opens at their positions, and by locating them at a quarter wavelength (at the required operating frequencies) from the feeding point, it is possible to achieve multiple radiation bands. In the second case, dual-band functionality is achieved through the perturbation of the antenna characteristics caused by the presence of the metamaterial resonators. This latter strategy is specially suited to achieve conjugate matching between the antenna and the chip in radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags at two of the regulated UHF-RFID bands.
Cu/single-walled carbon nanotube laminate composites fabricated by cold rolling and annealing (2007)

The remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted extensive research interest as structural and functional materials. In particular, SWCNTs have been used to reinforce polymers and ceramic composites and great progress has been made. For metal matrix composites, the limitation of the conventional manufacturing process and the difficulty in dispersing nanotubes within metal matrices hinder the development of metal matrix composites. In this paper, we demonstrate a successful fabrication of Cu/SWCNT laminate composites by combined techniques of cold rolling and annealing, using 19 layers of large-area SWCNT films sandwiched between 20 layers of Cu thin foils. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the resultant laminate composites are 361 MPa and 132 GPa, respectively, exhibiting an improvement over the comparative pure Cu foils processed under identical conditions. These results suggest that good interfacial adhesions between nanotubes and the Cu matrix have been achieved after the rolling–annealing–rolling processes.
Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gurus (1999)

From the Publisher:
Tricks of the Windows Game Programmin Gurus, 2E takes the reader through Win32 programming, covering all the major components of DirectX including DirectDraw, DirectSound, DirectInput (including Force Feedback), and DirectMusic. Andre teaches the reader 2D graphics and rasterization techniques. Finally, Andre provides the most intense coverage of game algorithms, multithreaded programming, artificial intelligence (including fuzzy logic, neural nets, and genetic algorithms), and physics modeling you have ever seen in a game book.
Temporal Action Detection Using a Statistical Language Model (2016)

While current approaches to action recognition on presegmented video clips already achieve high accuracies, temporal action detection is still far from comparably good results. Automatically locating and classifying the relevant action segments in videos of varying lengths proves to be a challenging task. We propose a novel method for temporal action detection including statistical length and language modeling to represent temporal and contextual structure. Our approach aims at globally optimizing the joint probability of three components, a length and language model and a discriminative action model, without making intermediate decisions. The problem of finding the most likely action sequence and the corresponding segment boundaries in an exponentially large search space is addressed by dynamic programming. We provide an extensive evaluation of each model component on Thumos 14, a large action detection dataset, and report state-of-the-art results on three datasets.
Expression of functional parvoviral NS1 from recombinant vaccinia virus: Effects of mutations in the nucleotide-binding motif (1992)

The gene encoding the major replicative protein, NS1, of minute virus of mice (MVM) was transferred into a recombinant vaccinia virus vector in place of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene. The NS1 gene was placed under control of a bacteriophage T7 promoter and expressed in cells coinfected with another recombinant vaccinia virus, vTF7-3, which encodes the T7 RNA polymerase. Expression of NS1 was further enhanced by the presence of a 5' untranslated region, derived from encephalomyocarditis virus, which allows efficient cap-independent translation. This system was used to produce and analyze wild-type NS1 and two mutant forms of the protein, NS1K405R and NS1K405M, in which the highly conserved lysine codon located in the putative purine triphosphate binding site of NS1 was changed to arginine and methionine, respectively. Full-length NS1 was expressed efficiently in both human and mouse cells infected with each of the three recombinant viruses, and in each case the NS1 was rapidly and efficiently translocated into the nucleus. Wild-type NS1 expressed in this way was biologically active. It was able to trans-activate an MVM P38 promoter located in a host chromosomal site, whereas the two mutant forms of NS1 showed no significant activity in this assay, and it was capable of resolving palindromic junction fragments cloned from multimeric MVM replicative form DNA molecules. These substrates, representing MVM genomic left-end:left-end and right-end:right-end fusions, were resolved in a DNA synthesis-dependent in vitro reaction supplemented with nuclear extracts containing recombinant wild-type NS1. Neither of the two mutant forms of the polypeptide had any detectable activity in this assay.
<i>HRAS</i> mutations in Costello syndrome: Detection of constitutional activating mutations in codon 12 and 13 and loss of wild‐type allele in malignancy (2005)

Costello syndrome (CS) is a complex developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, failure to thrive, developmental delay, cardiac and skeletal anomalies, and a predisposition to develop neoplasia. Based on similarities with other cancer syndromes, we previously hypothesized that CS is likely due to activation of signal transduction through the Ras/MAPK pathway [Tartaglia et al., 2003]. In this study, the HRAS coding region was sequenced for mutations in a large, well-characterized cohort of 36 CS patients. Heterogeneous missense point mutations predicting an amino acid substitution were identified in 33/36 (92%) patients. The majority (91%) had a 34G --> A transition in codon 12. Less frequent mutations included 35G --> C (codon 12) and 37G --> T (codon 13). Parental samples did not have an HRAS mutation supporting the hypothesis of de novo heterogeneous mutations. There is phenotypic variability among patients with a 34G --> A transition. The most consistent features included characteristic facies and skin, failure to thrive, developmental delay, musculoskeletal abnormalities, visual impairment, cardiac abnormalities, and generalized hyperpigmentation. The two patients with 35G --> C had cardiac arrhythmias whereas one patient with a 37G --> T transversion had an enlarged aortic root. Of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of CS, neoplasia was the most consistent phenotypic feature for predicating an HRAS mutation. To gain an understanding of the relationship between constitutional HRAS mutations and malignancy, HRAS was sequenced in an advanced biphasic rhabdomyosarcoma/fibrosarcoma from an individual with a 34G --> A mutation. Loss of the wild-type HRAS allele was observed, suggesting tumorigenesis in CS patients is accompanied by additional somatic changes affecting HRAS. Finally, due to phenotypic overlap between CS and cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndromes, the HRAS coding region was sequenced in a well-characterized CFC cohort. No mutations were found which support a distinct genetic etiology between CS and CFC syndromes.
Megahertz streak-mode Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (2011)

Here we present an ultrahigh-speed Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) that records the OCT spectrum in streak mode with a high-speed area scan camera, which allows higher OCT imaging speed than can be achieved with a line-scan camera. Unlike parallel OCT techniques that also use area scan cameras, the conventional single-mode fiber-based point-scanning mechanism is retained to provide a confocal gate that rejects multiply scattered photons from the sample. When using a 1000 Hz resonant scanner as the streak scanner, 1,016,000 A-scans have been obtained in 1 s. This method's effectiveness has been demonstrated by recording in vivo OCT-image sequences of embryonic chick hearts at 1000 frames/s. In addition, 2-megahertz OCT data have been obtained with another high speed camera.
High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bile salts: individual proton assignments for sodium cholate in aqueous solution at 400 MHz. (1982)

The 400 MHz 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of sodium cholate in dilute aqueous solution has been successfully resolved using a combination of decoupling, partial relaxation, and decoupled partial relaxation techniques. The individual carbon resonances in the 13C-NMR spectrum of sodium cholate have also have assigned. Assignments of individual methylene protons were made by consideration of the molecular structure of sodium cholate and the expected couplings and 1H-nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments. Verification of the assignments of the methine protons was made by application of single frequency 1H-decoupled 13C-NMR. Variation of pH* from 6.0 to 11.0 did not alter the individual chemical shifts except for those between 2.12 delta and 2.30 delta, originating from the protons on the C23 position adjacent to the ionizable carboxyl group. The chemical shifts of the proton resonances were independent of concentration below 5 mM. Above 10 mM (micellar region), the proton chemical shifts were altered slightly and some band broadening occurred. These data are consistent with the formation of small micellar aggregates (up to N = 4) of cholate molecules.
A never ending race for new and improved fluorescent proteins (2012)

Bioluminescent and fluorescent proteins are now used as tools for research in all organisms. There has been massive progress over the past 15 years in creating a palette of fluorescent proteins with a wide spectrum of specific properties. One of the big challenges is to decide which variant may be best for a certain application. A recent article by Mann et al. in BMC Biotechnology describes a new orange fluorescent protein in plants.
Maternal Nicotine Exposure Upregulates Collagen Gene Expression in Fetal Monkey Lung (2002)

The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in pulmonary fibroblasts suggests that in utero nicotine exposure may alter collagen expression by these cells in the developing lung. To test this hypothesis, timed-pregnant rhesus monkeys were administered nicotine (1-1.5 mg/kg/d, subcutaneously) using osmotic minipumps from Days 26-134 or 26-160 of gestation (term = 165 d). In utero nicotine exposure significantly increased airway wall area per unit epithelial basement membrane. Collagen type I and III mRNA expression and immunostaining were significantly increased in the airway and alveolar walls of the nicotine-treated group. Elastin mRNA expression increased, but protein expression in parenchyma remained unchanged. Dual labeling studies colocalized alpha7 nAChR and collagen to the same cells in airway wall cells, and colocalization of alpha7 nAChR and collagen was confirmed in isolated pulmonary fibroblasts. These findings suggest that nicotine may directly interact with alpha7 nAChR to increase collagen accumulation in airway and alveolar walls following in utero nicotine exposure. These data suggest that passage of nicotine across the placenta to increase collagen deposition and therefore increase airway wall dimensions in fetal lung may partially explain the observed alterations in lung mechanics in the infants of mothers who smoke during pregnancy.
Design and simulation of extremum-seeking open-loop optimal control of current profile in the DIII-D tokamak (2008)

In a magnetic fusion reactor, the achievement of a certain type of plasma current profiles, which are compatible with magnetohydrodynamic stability at high plasma pressure, is key to enable high fusion gain and non-inductive sustainment of the plasma current for steady-state operation. The approach taken toward establishing such plasma current profiles at the DIII-D tokamak is to create the desired profile during the plasma current ramp-up and early flattop phases. The evolution in time of the current profile is related to the evolution of the poloidal flux, which is modeled in normalized cylindrical coordinates using a partial differential equation usually referred to as the magnetic diffusion equation. The control problem is formulated as an open-loop, finite-time, optimal control problem for a nonlinear distributed parameter system, and is approached using extremum seeking. Simulation results, which demonstrate the accuracy of the considered model and the efficiency of the proposed controller, are presented.
Nonpolarizing edge filters: Part 2 (1984)

By abandoning the concept of detuned Fabry-Perot interference filters for the design of nonpolarizing edge filters at oblique incidence and applying classical Herpin equivalent layer theory, the number of usable structures can be greatly expanded, and exact equations for aligning the edges in all cases can be derived.
Interstitial Pneumonitis from Treatment with Gemcitabine (2014)

Radiographic findings, clinical symptoms, and clinical suspicion can lead to early recognition of interstitial pneumonitis from gemcitabine. Physician awareness of this adverse effect and early recognition are keys to providing prompt treatment in resolving symptoms and decreasing mortality.
A positive future for double-negative metamaterials (2005)

Metamaterials (MTMs), which are formed by embedding inclusions and material components in host media to achieve composite media that may be engineered to have qualitatively new physically realizable response functions that do not occur or may not be easily available in nature, have raised a great deal of interest in recent years. In this paper, we highlight a large variety of the physical effects associated with double- and single-negative MTMs and some of their very interesting potential applications. The potential ability to engineer materials with desired electric and magnetic properties to achieve unusual physical effects offers a great deal of excitement and promise to the scientific and engineering community. While some of the applications we will discuss have already come to fruition, there are many more yet to be explored.
Defect studies on single and bilayer resist systems (1992)

Defect detection equipment and procedures to qualify resist systems with regard to defects have been investigated. An analysis was carried out for two bilayer resist systems which were compared to a single layer resist. One of the bilayer resists was developed for the mid-UV exposure range, the other for deep-UV. It showed that the pinhole-limited yield measured by metal–oxide–semiconductor test structures is approximately 10% lower for one of the bilayer resists compared to a single layer resist. The other bilayer resist scheme was compared to a single layer resist with regard to particulates. Here the dry-developed bilayer resist scheme showed approximately four times higher additive defect densities than the wet-developed single layer resist. A short dry etch process for opening an anti reflective coating underneath a single layer resist increased the defect densities. Water rinse steps are capable of reducing these defect levels substantially. The dry-developed resist schemes had higher defect densities, but it is certainly possible to reduce these to the densities of single layer resists.
Palladium-Complex-Catalyzed Decarboxylation-Carbonylation of Allyl Diethylcarbamates (1992)

Diethylcarbamic acid allylic esters 1 undergo decarboxylation-carbonylation to give the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated amides 2 under rather forcing conditions [CO (50-80 atm) at 100 °C] in the presence of a palladium (0)-triphenylphosphine complex as catalyst.
Design of the Stack Structure Based on DNA Computing Model (2012)

DNA computer is a new type of computer which computing by biological molecular techniques. If DNA computer want to realize its practicability, it must be the same as a traditional computer. In order to settle the issues of representation and organizational in DNA computer, we need a reasonable data structures to effectively represent and organize the information of DNA computer. The thesis designs a stack structure model based on DNA computing, which can express limited stack constraints through hairpin structure. At the same time, it can complete the operations of entering stack and leaving stack using two different restrictive enzymes.
Head morphogenesis in embryonic avian chimeras: evidence for a segmental pattern in the ectoderm corresponding to the neuromeres (1990)

Abstract Areas of the superficial cephalic ectoderm, including or excluding the neural fold at the same level, were surgically removed from 3-somite chick embryos and replaced by their counterparts excised from a quail embryo at the same developmental stage. Strips of ectoderm corresponding to the presumptive branchial arches were delineated, thus defining anteroposterior ‘segments’ (designated here as ‘ectomeres’) that coincided with the spatial distribution of neural crest cells arising from the adjacent levels of the neural fold. This discrete ectodermal métamérisation parallels the segmentation of the hindbrain into rhombomeres. It seems, therefore, that not only is the neural crest patterned according to its rhombomeric origin but that the superficial ectoderm covering the branchial arches may be part of a larger developmental unit that includes the entire neurectoderm, i.e., the neural tube and the neural crest.
Rapid Detection and Subtyping of Human Influenza A Viruses and Reassortants by Pyrosequencing (2011)

In summary, this pyrosequencing assay is a sensitive and specific procedure for screening large numbers of viruses for reassortment events amongst the commonly circulating human influenza A viruses, which is more rapid and cheaper than using conventional sequencing approaches.
The Utilization of the Microflora Indigenous to and present in Oil-Bearing Formations to Selectively Plug the More Porous Zones Thereby Increasing Oil Recovery During Waterflooding (1998)

The use of indigenous microbes as a method of profile control in waterfloods is investigated. It is expected that as the microbial population is induced to increase the expanded biomass will selectively block the more permeable zones of the reservoir thereby forcing injection water to flow through the less permeable zones which will result in improved sweep efficiency.