gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Calculation of Complex Directional-Well Trajectories on the Basis of the Minimum-Curvature Method (2019)

Summary The vector-algebra method and the minimum-curvature method were used to solve the trajectory design challenge for intersecting two wells. In accordance with known parameters, we expressed algorithms for intersecting a horizontal well. The geometrical shape of the target area was extended to attain the algorithms needed for landing on spherical and cylindrical surfaces. Combined with the expression for calculating the tool-face angle, the algorithms needed for calculating the closest distance to an existing well and landing surface were also proposed. The algorithms presented here provide a theoretical basis for the design and control of complex directional-well trajectories.
Semi-permanent split end mending with a polyelectrolyte complex. (2007)

Split ends form through mechanical stresses during grooming procedures and are more likely to appear in hair damaged as a result of excessive combing forces. Although there are no conventional systems that will permanently mend split ends, a semi-permanent mending composition has been achieved through a polyelectrolyte complex. The complex is formed as a result of the ionic association of a cationic polymer, Polyquaternium-28, and an anionic polymer, PVM/MA Copolymer. Hair tresses containing tagged split ends are used in measuring mending efficacy. The tagging allows the fate of the split ends to be determined after different types of treatment regimens which test the durability of the mend. Monitoring of the repair and mending durability is carried out with the aid of a stereomicroscope. Results obtained with this method indicate that the complex both by itself and when formulated into a simple lotion provided a high level of split end mending not only after initial treatment but more importantly after combing showing the durability of the mend. Cumulative effects and durability to washing indicate that the polymer complex does not build up on the hair and rinses off with shampoo making possible its usage as a post shampoo treatment. The formulated lotion has higher durability performance as compared to a commercial product with a split end mending claim. The proposed mechanism of action entails a crosslinking microgel structure that infiltrates the damaged hair sites binding them together. This model is supported by the analysis of phase behavior, viscometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and absorption of ionic dyes.
Promoter elements required for developmental expression of the maize Adh1 gene in transgenic rice. (1994)

To define the regions of the maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) promoter that confer tissue-specific expression, a series of 5' promoter deletions and substitution mutations were linked to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase A (uidA) reporter gene and introduced into rice plants. A region between -140 and -99 not only conferred anaerobically inducible expression in the roots of transgenic plants but was also required for expression in the root cap, embryo, and in endosperm under aerobic conditions. GC-rich (GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3) or GT-rich (GT-1 and GT-2) sequence motifs in this region were necessary for expression in these tissues, as they were in anaerobic expression. Expression in the root cap under aerobic conditions required all the GC- and GT-rich motifs. The GT-1, GC-1, GC-2, and GC-3 motifs, and to a lesser extent the GT-2 motif, were also required for anaerobic responsiveness in rice roots. All elements except the GC-3 motif were needed for endosperm-specific expression. The GC-2 motif and perhaps the GT-1 motif appeared to be the only elements required for high-level expression in the embryos of rice seeds. Promoter regions important for shoot-, embryo-, and pollen-specific expression were proximal to -99, and nucleotides required for shoot-specific expression occurred between positions -72 and -43. Pollen-specific expression required a sequence element outside the promoter region, between +54 and +106 of the untranslated leader, as well as a silencer element in the promoter between -72 and -43.
Synthese des L‐Glucomethylose‐3‐methyläthers und seine Identifizierung mit Thevetose. Desoxyzucker, 19. Mitteilung (1948)

Abstract Die Synthese des L‐Glucomethylose‐3‐methyläthers (= L‐Chinovose‐3‐methyläthers) wird beschrieben. Er wurde krystallisiert erhalten und erwies sich als identisch mit natürlicher Thevetose aus Neriifolin.
Novel Photo Affinity Cross-linking Resin for the Isolation of Heparin Binding Proteins (2000)

A new photo cross-linking reagent, 2-(4-azidophenylamino)-4-(1-ammonio-4-azabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-1-yl)-6-morpho-lino-1,3,5-triazine chloride (named AA-D) was developed, which was used for the identification of several heparin-binding proteins on the surface of intact platelets. Also a functional resin for the isolation of heparin-binding proteins from a protein mixture was prepared. Heparin was first immobilized onto a polystyrene Merrifield resin or Argo-gel using a reductive amination reaction. Then the immobilized heparin was coupled with the AA-D reagent to give a functional resin. The resin was incubated with an individual protein, such as ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), antithrombin III (ATIII) or a synthetic peptide corresponding to the heparin-binding domain of ATIII, or with a mixture of the above proteins. This was then photo-irradiated to induce the cross-linking between the heparin and the protein bound to it. Ovalbumin, a non-heparin-binding protein, was recovered from the supernatant of the irradiated incubation mixture. BSA, known to bind to heparin nonspecifically, was found in the washing of a high ionic strength solution. In contrast, native ATIII and its heparin-binding domain peptide were covalently bound to the heparin on the resin and liberated from the resin only after degradation of the resin-bound heparin with nitrous acid or heparinase I treatment. The experiments demonstrated that the resin modified with heparin and the AA-D have a definite practical value in the selective isolation of heparin-binding proteins.
Application of a novel phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (RePAT) gene in developing glufosinate-resistant rice (2016)

Currently, only few glufosinate-resistant genes are available for commercial application. Thus, developing novel glufosinate-resistant genes with commercial feasibility is extremely important and urgent for agricultural production. In this study, we transferred a newly isolated RePAT gene into a japonica rice variety Zhonghua11, resulting in a large number of independent T0 transgenic plants, most of which grew normally under high-concentration glufosinate treatment. Four transgenic plants with one intact RePAT expression cassette integrated into the intergenic region were selected. Agronomic performances of their T2 progenies were investigated, and the results suggested that the expression of RePAT had no adverse effect on the agronomic performance. Definite glufosinate resistance of the selected transgenic plants was further confirmed to be related to the expression of RePAT by assay on the medium and qRT-PCR. The inheritance and expression of RePAT in two transgenic plants were confirmed to be stable. Finally, the two-year field assay of glufosinate resistance suggested that the agronomic performance of the transgenic plant (PAT11) was not affected by high dosage of glufosinate (5000 g/ha). Collectively, our study proves the high resistance of a novel gene RePAT to glufosinate and provides a glufosiante-resistant rice variety with agricultural application potential.
Evidence for the Involvement of Retinoic Acid Receptor RARα-dependent Signaling Pathway in the Induction of Tissue Transglutaminase and Apoptosis by Retinoids (1995)

In this study, we show that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a potent inducer of tissue transglutaminase (TGase II) and apoptosis in the rat tracheobronchial epithelial cell line SPOC-1. We demonstrate that these cells express the retinoid receptors RAR alpha, RAR gamma, and RXR beta. To identify which of these receptors are involved in regulating these processes, we analyzed the effects of several receptor-selective agonists, an antagonist, and a dominant-negative RAR alpha. We show that the RAR-selective retinoid SRI-6751-84 strongly increased TGase II expression at both the protein and mRNA levels, whereas the RXR-selective retinoid SR11217 had little effect. The RAR alpha-selective retinoid Ro40-6055 was also able to induce TGase II, whereas the RAR gamma-selective retinoid CD437 was inactive. The induction of TGase II by the RAR-selective retinoid was completely inhibited by the RAR alpha-antagonist Ro41-5253. Overexpression of a truncated RAR alpha gene with dominant-negative activity also inhibited the induction of TGase II expression. The increase in TGase II is associated with an induction of apoptosis as revealed by DNA fragmentation and the generation of apoptotic cells. We demonstrate that apoptosis is affected by retinoids in a manner similar to TGase II. Our results suggest that the induction of TGase II expression and apoptosis in SPOC-1 cells are mediated through an RAR alpha-dependent signaling pathway.
Evaluation of a Naloxone Distribution and Administration Program in New York City (2008)

Naloxone, an opiate antagonist that can avert opiate overdose mortality, has only recently been prescribed to drug users in a few jurisdictions (Chicago, Baltimore, New Mexico, New York City, and San Francisco) in the United States. This report summarizes the first systematic evaluation of large-scale naloxone distribution among injection drug users (IDUs) in the United States. In 2005, we conducted an evaluation of a comprehensive overdose prevention and naloxone administration training program in New York City. One hundred twenty-two IDUs at syringe exchange programs (SEPs) were trained in Skills and Knowledge on Overdose Prevention (SKOOP), and all were given a prescription for naloxone by a physician. Participants in SKOOP were over the age of 18, current participants of SEPs, and current or former drug users. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed overdose experience and naloxone use. Naloxone was administered 82 times; 68 (83.0%) persons who had naloxone administered to them lived, and the outcome of 14 (17.1%) overdoses was unknown. Ninety-seven of 118 participants (82.2%) said they felt comfortable to very comfortable using naloxone if indicated; 94 of 109 (86.2%) said they would want naloxone administered if overdosing. Naloxone administration by IDUs is feasible as part of a comprehensive overdose prevention strategy and may be a practicable way to reduce overdose deaths on a larger scale.
A CMOS Gas Sensor Array Platform With Fourier Transform Based Impedance Spectroscopy (2012)

A CMOS gas sensor array platform with digital read-out containing 27 sensor pixels and a reference pixel is presented. A signal conditioning circuit at each pixel includes digitally programmable gain stages for sensor signal amplification followed by a second order continuous time delta sigma modulator for digitization. Each sensor pixel can be functionalized with a distinct sensing material that facilitates transduction based on impedance change. Impedance spectrum (up to 10 KHz) of the sensor is obtained off-chip by computing the fast Fourier transform of sensor and reference pixel outputs. The reference pixel also compensates for the phase shift introduced by the signal processing circuits. The chip also contains a temperature sensor with digital readout for ambient temperature measurement. A sensor pixel is functionalized with polycarbazole conducting polymer for sensing volatile organic gases and measurement results are presented. The chip is fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology and requires a single step post processing for functionalization. It consumes 57 mW from a 3.3 V supply.
A low-cost time optimum position control system of induction motor (2004)

A high-performance high-speed position system of induction motor with low-cost encoder based on the optimum principle of bang-bang controller is proposed in this paper. The induction motor with V/f control is modeled with a second order fast time optimum position control system. The experimental waveforms are provided to practise the proposition.
Engineered T cells and their therapeutic applications in autoimmune diseases (2022)

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are engineered recombinant T cells, which were initially used to treat hematopoietic malignancies and are now widely used in the treatment of various diseases. Considering their intrinsic targeting efficiency, CAR-T cells show considerable potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Treg), a subset of CD4 T cells exhibiting immunosuppressive functions, have attracted increasing attention regarding CAR-Treg cell production. In this review, we report on recent developments in preclinical and clinical studies on CAR-T cells in autoimmune diseases and provide an outlook on opportunities and challenges of CAR-T application in such diseases.
Modulating Retro-Reflectors: Technology, Link Budgets and Applications (2012)

Satellite communications systems today -- usually radio frequency (RF) -- tend to have low data rates and use a lot of on-board power. For CubeSats, communications often dominate the power budget. We investigate the use of modulating retro-reflectors (MRRs), previously demonstrated on the ground, for high data-rate communication downlinks from small satellites. A laser ground station would illuminate a retro-reflector on-board the satellite while an element in the retro-reflector modulates the intensity of the reflected signal, thereby encoding a data stream on the returning beam. A detector on the ground receives the data, keeping the complex systems and the vast majority of power consumption on the ground. Reducing the power consumption while increasing data rates would relax constraints on power budgets for small satellites, leaving more power available for payloads. In the future, this could enable the use of constellations of nano-satellites for a variety of missions, possibly leading to a paradigm shift in small satellite applications.
Coherence vector of Oriented Gradients for traffic sign recognition using Neural Networks (2011)

This paper makes use of Coherence Vector of Oriented Gradients (CVOG) for traffic sign recognition. Experiments are conducted on German Traffic Sign benchmark dataset. The results on traffic sign recognition using CVOG features with neural network classifier is promising. The results based on the combination of other features gave better recognition rates.
Embedded System Design Based On Webservices (2002)

The structure of Internet applications and scenarios is changing rapidly today. This offers new potential for established technologies and methods to expand their area of application. New technologies encourage new methodologies to design processes and business-to-business applications. The application of such new advancements should be extended into the domain of the electronic design automation (EDA) industry. In this paper we present an approach to use webservices in the field of embedded system design.
Full Waveform Inversion for Seismic Velocity and Anelastic Losses in Heterogeneous Structures (2007)

We present a least-squares optimization method for solving the nonlinear full waveform inverse problem of determining the crustal velocity and intrinsic attenuation properties of sedimentary valleys in earthquake-prone regions. Given a known earthquake source and a set of seismograms generated by the source, the inverse problem is to reconstruct the anelastic properties of a heterogeneous medium with possibly discontinuous wave velocities. The inverse problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints are the partial and ordinary differential equations governing the anelastic wave propagation from the source to the receivers in the time domain. This leads to a variational formulation in terms of the material model plus the state variables and their adjoints. We employ a wave propagation model in which the intrinsic energy-dissipating nature of the soil medium is modeled by a set of standard linear solids. The least-squares optimization approach to inverse wave propagation presents the well-known difficulties of ill posedness and multiple minima. To overcome ill posedness, we include a total variation regularization functional in the objective function, which annihilates highly oscillatory material property components while preserving discontinuities in the medium. To treat multiple minima, we use a multilevel algorithm that solves a sequence of subproblems on increasingly finer grids with increasingly higher frequency source components to remain within the basin of attraction of the global minimum. We illustrate the methodology with high-resolution inversions for two-dimensional sedimentary models of the San Fernando Valley, under SH-wave excitation. We perform inversions for both the seismic velocity and the intrinsic attenuation using synthetic waveforms at the observer locations as pseudoobserved data.
Core-Clickable PEG-<i>Branch</i>-Azide Bivalent-Bottle-Brush Polymers by ROMP: Grafting-Through and Clicking-To (2010)

The combination of highly efficient polymerizations with modular "click" coupling reactions has enabled the synthesis of a wide variety of novel nanoscopic structures. Here we demonstrate the facile synthesis of a new class of clickable, branched nanostructures, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-branch-azide bivalent-brush polymers, facilitated by "graft-through" ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a branched norbornene-PEG-chloride macromonomer followed by halide-azide exchange. The resulting bivalent-brush polymers possess azide groups at the core near a polynorbornene backbone with PEG chains extended into solution; the structure resembles a unimolecular micelle. We demonstrate copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click-to" coupling of a photocleavable doxorubicin (DOX)-alkyne derivative to the azide core. The CuAAC coupling was quantitative across a wide range of nanoscopic sizes (∼6-∼50 nm); UV photolysis of the resulting DOX-loaded materials yielded free DOX that was therapeutically effective against human cancer cells.
Soap Bubbles (and the Forces Which Mold Them) (1960)

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Both vitamin B6 and total homocysteine plasma levels predict long-term atherothrombotic events in healthy subjects (2007)

tHcy and plasma vitamin B6 are long-term independent risk factors for coronary and cerebrovascular events.
<title>Multilevel systems security and interoperability between differently classified networks</title> (1999)

This paper discusses technical challenges and concerns that must be resolved in order to implement a computer network security architecture for accessing differently classified data from a single network computer. Most multilevel security approaches utilize a trusted operating system (OS) to maintain data separation between differently classified data. The goal is to enable simultaneous or multiplexed viewing of differently classified data through a Windows manager. However, application development costs are expensive due to strict compliance requirements imposed by secure (trusted) OS procedures. Furthermore, security mechanisms employed in a trusted OS, sometimes preclude customer-required features, and integrating government off-the-shelf (GOTS) software from competing vendors on the application server can be problematic. A computer system security architecture provides a superior alternative to the cumbersome and costly trusted OS approach for displaying differently classified data on the same computer screen. Given the proper security architecture, the system should be accredited for government use, liberating software programmers to apply modern development techniques without excessive concern over security. This will leave the developer more time to concentrate on code functionality and reduce the cost of GOTS applications.
Evaluating user interface systems research (2007)

The development of user interface systems has languished with the stability of desktop computing. Future systems, however, that are off-the-desktop, nomadic or physical in nature will involve new devices and new software systems for creating interactive applications. Simple usability testing is not adequate for evaluating complex systems. The problems with evaluating systems work are explored and a set of criteria for evaluating new UI systems work is presented.
Embryological strategies for overcoming recurrent assisted reproductive technology treatment failure (2002)

In every assisted reproductive technology (ART) programme there are patients who experience repeated failure. If all laboratory and stimulation parameters are controlled, it is assumed that the underlying cause of failure is physiological, and is attributable to either of the gametes or the embryo. Within the laboratory, few tools are available, other than careful observation and embryo selection, to aid in selecting the right embryo to overcome this failure. The morphology of the zygote, the state of the cleaving embryos on day 2 and day 3 of development, and the blastocyst can influence implantation rates. However, without functional gametes it is unlikely that success can be achieved. An early indicator of this functionality is the morphology of the zygote, which can be influenced by either the oocyte or the spermatozoon, and can be altered by either improving oocyte quality during stimulation or by using donor sperm if the failure to conceive is attributable to the male gamete. Subsequently, selecting embryos for transfer on the basis of the morphology of zygotes and embryos at day 3 or day 5 of development with the addition of fragmentation scoring and assisted hatching has been found to overcome many cases of repetitive failure to conceive after ART.
[Effects of acute hypoxia on plasma lactic acid and lactic dehydrogenase content in pilots]. (2000)

Objective. To study the effect of acute moderate hypoxia on plasma lactic acid (LA) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) content in pilots. Method. Concentrations of plasma LA and LDH were measured by colorimetry in 16 healthy male pilots in the early morning (6:00 a.m.), following acute moderate hypoxic exposure (10:00 a.m.) and 6 hours after returned to the ground (4:00 p.m.). 16 healthy male ground people served as control group, and their plasma LA and LDH contents were assayed at corresponding time. Result. Plasma LA after moderate hypoxic exposure in the pilot group was significantly higher than that at 6:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and control group (P < 0.01). While the content at 6:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m. in pilot group was not significantly different from the control group (P > 0.05). The content of plasma LDH after moderate hypoxic exposure in the pilot group was not significantly higher than that at 6:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Acute moderate hypoxia can make the plasma LA content increase in pilots, and reach to the normal level within 6 h. While the LDH content has no significantly change.