gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood velocities in the uterine artery in humans during labour (1985)

Blood velocities in the uterine arteries were measured during labour in humans, by means of the pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocity meter (UNIDOP). The uterine arteries were approached through the abdominal wall at the lateral border of the uterus and through the lateral vaginal fornix. At a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm from the lateral vaginal fornix there were three different arteries in each woman. One of these arteries had similar velocity spectra to the uterine artery as measured through the abdominal wall higher up along the uterus, and the velocities were in the same range. The mean velocities were high and the velocities in diastole were high compared to those in systole. During uterine contractions the velocities were reduced during diastole, reducing mean velocities by 20-40% as measured through the vagina and by 50-60% when measured higher up through the abdominal wall. A second artery, which we believe is a branch of the uterine artery traversing the myometrium, had lower mean velocities and a greater difference between systole and diastole. During contractions the velocities were reduced by 100%. A third artery, which we believe is the descending branch of the uterine artery, supplying the cervix and vagina, had the lowest mean velocities, with backflow during diastole. During contractions the velocities increased 100-140%.
Improved MUSIC-Based SMOS RFI Source Detection and Geolocation Algorithm (2015)

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission has been providing L-band brightness temperature (BT) using its instrument, the Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis. In the measurements, the negative effect of radio frequency interference (RFI) is clearly present, deteriorating the quality of geophysical parameter retrieval. Detection and geolocation of RFI sources are essential to remove or at least mitigate the RFI impacts and ultimately improve the performance of parameter retrieval. This paper discusses a new approach to SMOS RFI source detection, based on the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Recently, the feasibility of MUSIC direction-of-arrival estimation has been shown for the RFI source detection of the synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer. This paper refines the MUSIC RFI source detection algorithm and tailors it to the SMOS scenario. To consolidate the RFI source detection procedure, several required steps are devised, including the rank estimation of the covariance matrix, local peak detection and thresholds, and multiple-snapshot processing. The developed method is tested using a number of SMOS visibility samples. In the test results, the MUSIC method shows an improvement on the accuracy and precision of the RFI source geolocation, compared with a simple detection method based on the local peaks of BT images. The MUSIC results especially outperform the SMOS BT image on the spatial resolution.
Computerized Method for Preliminary Structural Design of Composite Wind Turbine Blades (2001)

A computerized method has been developed to aid preliminary design of composite wind turbine blades. The method allows for arbitrary specification of the chord, twist, and airfoil geometry along the blade and an arbitrary number of shear webs. Given the blade external geometry description and its design load distribution, the Fortran code uses ultimate-strength and buckling-resistance criteria to compute the design thickness of load-bearing composite laminates. The code also includes an analysis option to obtain blade properties if a composite laminates schedule is prescribed. These properties include bending stiffness, torsion stiffness, mass, moments of inertia, elastic-axis offset, and center-of-mass offset along the blade. Nonstructural materials—gelcoat, nexus, and bonding adhesive—are also included for computation of mass. This paper describes the assumed structural layout of composite laminates within the blade, the design approach, and the computational process. Finally, an example illustrates the application of the code to the preliminary design of a hypothetical blade and computation of its structural properties.
Implantation of Modular Photovoltaic Subretinal Prosthesis (2016)

Subretinal implantation of multiple photovoltaic arrays via a single retinotomy, followed by their tiling, minimizes the scleral and retinal incisions and provides better fit to the spherical shape of the eye ball, compared to a single, larger module. Such minimally traumatic procedure can be performed with 20-gauge intraocular instruments.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonane derivatives (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and stereochemistry of tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nonane derivativesGeorge R. Wenzinger and Jose A. OrsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 14, 2060–2063Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00928a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00928a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Follow-the-leader algorithm for the payload inspection and processing system (1995)

This report summarizes the author's summer 1995 work at NASA Kennedy Space Center in the Advanced System Division. The assignment was path planning for the Payload Inspection and Processing System (PIPS). PIPS is an automated system, programmed off-line for inspection of Space Shuttle payloads after integration and prior to launch. PIPS features a hyper-redundant 18-dof serpentine truss manipulator capable of snake-like motions to avoid obstacles. The path planning problem was divided into two segments: (1) determining an obstacle-free trajectory for the inspection camera at the manipulator tip to follow; and (2) development of a follow-the-leader (FTL) algorithm which ensures whole-arm collision avoidance by forcing ensuing links to follow the same tip trajectory. The summer 1995 work focused on the FTL algorithm. This report summarizes development, implementation, testing, and graphical demonstration of the FTL algorithm for prototype PIPS hardware. The method and code was developed in a modular manner so the final PIPS hardware may use them with minimal changes. The FTL algorithm was implemented using MATLAB software and demonstrated with a high-fidelity IGRIP model. The author also supported implementation of the algorithm in C++ for hardware control. The FTL algorithm proved to be successful and robust in graphical simulation. The author intends to return to the project in summer 1996 to implement path planning for PIPS.
Epigenetic regulation of embryonic stem cell marker miR302C in human chondrosarcoma as determinant of antiproliferative activity of proline-rich polypeptide 1 (2015)

Metastatic chondrosarcoma of mesenchymal origin is the second most common bone malignancy and does not respond either to chemotherapy or radiation; therefore, the search for new therapies is relevant and urgent. We described recently that tumor growth inhibiting cytostatic proline-rich polypeptide 1, (PRP-1) significantly upregulated tumor suppressor miRNAs, downregulated onco-miRNAs in human chondrosarcoma JJ012 cell line, compared to chondrocytes culture. In this study we hypothesized the existence and regulation of a functional marker in cancer stem cells, correlated to peptides antiproliferative activity. Experimental results indicated that among significantly downregulated miRNA after PRP-1treatment was miRNAs 302c*. This miRNA is a part of the cluster miR302‑367, which is stemness regulator in human embryonic stem cells and in certain tumors, but is not expressed in adult hMSCs and normal tissues. PRP-1 had strong inhibitory effect on viability of chondrosarcoma and multilineage induced multipotent adult cells (embryonic primitive cell type). Unlike chondrosarcoma, in glioblastoma, PRP-1 does not have any inhibitory activity on cell proliferation, because in glioblastoma miR-302-367 cluster plays an opposite role, its expression is sufficient to suppress the stemness inducing properties. The observed correlation between the antiproliferative activity of PRP-1 and its action on downregulation of miR302c explains the peptides opposite effects on the upregulation of proliferation of adult mesenchymal stem cells, and the inhibition of the proliferation of human bone giant-cell tumor stromal cells, reported earlier. PRP-1 substantially downregulated the miR302c targets, the stemness markers Nanog, c-Myc and polycomb protein Bmi-1. miR302c expression is induced by JMJD2-mediated H3K9me2 demethylase activity in its promoter region. JMJD2 was reported to be a positive regulator for Nanog. Our experimental results proved that PRP-1 strongly inhibited H3K9 activity comprised of a pool of JMJD1 and JMJD2. We conclude that inhibition of H3K9 activity by PRP-1 leads to downregulation of miR302c and its targets, defining the PRP-1 antiproliferative role.
Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment (2016)

Information asymmetries are important in theory but difficult to identify in practice. We estimate the empirical importance of adverse selection and moral hazard in a consumer credit market using a new field experiment methodology. We randomized 58,000 direct mail offers issued by a major South African lender along three dimensions: 1) the initial interest appearing on direct mail solicitations; 2) a contract interest equal to or less than the offer interest rate and revealed to the over 4,000 borrowers who agreed to the initial offer rate; and 3) a dynamic repayment incentive that extends preferential pricing on future loans to borrowers who remain in good standing. These three randomizations, combined with complete knowledge of the Lender's information set, permit identification of specific types of private information problems. Specifically, our setup distinguishes adverse selection from moral hazard effects on repayment, and thereby generates unique evidence on the existence and magnitudes of specific credit market failures. We find evidence of both adverse selection (among women) and moral hazard (predominantly among men), and the findings suggest that about 20% of default is due to asymmetric information problems. This helps explain the prevalence of credit constraints even in a market that specializes in financing high-risk borrowers at very high rates.
XIV.—Di-n-butylaniline (1918)

J. Reilly and W. J. Hickinbottom, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1918, 113, 99 DOI: 10.1039/CT9181300099
Initial report of a clinical trial of anti-1 amino 3 [18F]fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-[18F]FACBC) PET-CT in recurrent prostate cancer (2009)

521 Objectives Detecting the presence of extraprostatic spread has profound treatment implications in patients with recurrent prostate carcinoma. anti-[18F]FACBC is a synthetic L-leucine analog PET radiotracer with reported utility in detection of recurrent prostate carcinoma. Methods 8 patients with elevated PSA (2-29 ng/mL) after initial definitive therapy for prostate carcinoma underwent imaging of the abdomen and pelvis on a GE Discovery PET-CT at 4, 17, and 29 minutes after IV injection of 374-444 MBq of anti-[18F]FACBC. Each study was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Maximum SUV in the prostate bed and within lymph nodes was correlated with presence of disease confirmed by biopsy or clinical/imaging criteria. Results anti-[18F]FACBC PET-CT was positive in the prostate bed in 7/8 patients and at extraprostatic nodes in 6/8 patients. In the prostate bed: 6/8 true positives, 1/8 false negative and 1/8 false positive studies. For nodal disease: 5/8 true positives, 2/8 true negatives, and 1/8 false positive studies. Mean (SD) SUV in malignant nodes (n=15; 8-31 mm): 7.4 (1.9) at 4 min; 6 (1.7) at 17 min. Benign nodes (n=10; 6-12 mm): SUV 3 (.9) at 4 min; 2 (1.1) at 17 min. Differences between benign and malignant nodal SUV were significant (p Conclusions anti-[18F]FACBC PET-CT identifies prostatic and extraprostatic recurrence with high accuracy including small lymph node involvement undetected by conventional imaging. Research Support Research sponsored by the NIH (1 R01 CA 129356-01)
Cable-Driven Finger Exercise Device With Extension Return Springs for Recreating Standard Therapy Exercises (2013)

Finger therapy exercises, which include table top, proximal-interphalangeal blocking, straight fist, distal-interphalangeal blocking, hook-fist, and fist exercises, are important for maintaining hand mobility and preventing development of tendon adhesions in postoperative hand-injury patients. Continuous passive motion devices act as an adjunct to the therapist in performing therapy exercises on patients; however, current devices are unable to recreate these exercises well. The current study aimed to design and evaluate a finger exercise device that reproduces the therapy exercises by adopting a cable-actuated flexion and spring-return extension mechanism. The device comprises of phalanx interface attachments, connected by palmar-side cables to spooling actuators and linked by dorsal-side extension springs to provide passive return. Two designs were tested whereby the springs had similar (design 1) or different stiffnesses (design 2). The device was donned onto a model hand and actuated into the desired therapy postures. Our findings indicated that design 1 was able to recreate table top, straight fist, and fist exercises while design 2 was capable of further replicating distal-interphalangeal blocking, proximal-interphalangeal blocking, and hook-fist exercises. This work demonstrated the possibility of replicating finger therapy exercises using a cable-actuated flexion and spring-return extension design, which lays the groundwork for prospective finger exercise devices that can be donned on patients to assess the efficacy in postoperative joint rehabilitation.
PEG10 plays a crucial role in human lung cancer proliferation, progression, prognosis and metastasis (2014)

Paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) has been identified as a genetic imprinted gene, which is important for apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Mounting evidence suggests that PEG10 is expressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with growth-promoting activity. In the present study, we evaluated the correlation between PEG10 expression and the clinicopathological features of lung, breast and HCC tumors, and predicted the relationship between survival and expression levels of PEG10 in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, we chose non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 as a model to analyze the function of PEG10 in proliferation and metastasis in vitro. Our results revealed that expression of PEG10 was closely correlated with clinical TNM grade and patient prognosis in lung cancer. PEG10 enhanced cell proliferation and promoted tumor cell migration and invasion by upregulating the expression of β-catenin, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin in the A549 cells. Our findings provide significant insight into the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer and offer novel ideas for designing new therapeutic targets for lung carcinoma.
Global Metabolite Profiling of Human Colorectal Cancer Xenografts in Mice Using HPLC–MS/MS (2013)

Reversed-phase gradient LC-MS was used to perform untargeted metabonomic analysis on extracts of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (COLO 205, HT-29, HCT 116 and SW620) subcutaneously implanted into age-matched athymic nude male mice to study small molecule metabolic profiles and examine possible correlations with human cancer biopsies. Following high mass accuracy data analysis using MS and MS/MS, metabolites were identified by searching against major metabolite databases including METLIN, MASSBANK, The Human Metabolome Database, PubChem, Biospider, LipidMaps and KEGG. HT-29 and COLO 205 tumor xenografts showed a distribution of metabolites that differed from SW620 and HCT 116 xenografts (predominantly on the basis of relative differences in the amounts of amino acids and lipids detected). This finding is consistent with NMR-based analysis of human colorectal tissue, where the metabolite profiles of HT-29 tumors exhibit the greatest similarity to human rectal cancer tissue with respect to changes in the relative amounts of lipids and choline-containing compounds. As the metabolic signatures of cancer cells result from oncogene-directed metabolic reprogramming, the HT-29 xenografts in mice may prove to be a useful model to further study the tumor microenvironment and cancer biology.
[AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Africa]. (1988)

AIDS and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have become major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. The annual incidence of AIDS is 500-1000 cases/million population in some areas of Central Africa. The prevalence of HIV-1 antibodies varies between 0.5- 15% in the general population but is as high as 27-88% in high risk groups such as female prostitutes. The major mode of transmission is heterosexual intercourse and to a lesser degree blood transfusion contaminated injections and perinatal transmission. Of HIV-1 infected individuals 2-6% develop AIDS annually and 15-25% the AIDS-related complex. HIV strains isolated from African patients exhibit a wider genetic diversity than European isolates. The spread in West Africa of a related human retrovirus HIV-2 further complicates the epidemiology natural history and diagnosis of HIV infections and AIDS in Africa and Europe. The most frequent clinical expression of HIV infection in Africa is a diarrhea-wasting syndrome. The same opportunistic infections are observed as in European patients although they occur in different relative frequencies. AIDS and HIV infection have a profound impact on public health and the social and economic development of Africa. (authors)
Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase (1995)

Xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase are enzymes involved in the metabolism of purines and pyrimidines in various organisms. Their relationship to one another has been the subject of considerable debate, primarily because of their proposed roles in ischemia/reperfusion damage in tissues. Differences in the kinetics and oxidation-reduction behavior of the two forms are accounted for by the presence in the dehydrogenase of a binding site for NAD+, as well as a substantially lower reduction potential for the flavin FADH./FADH2 couple of the dehydrogenase relative to the oxidase. This review presents recent advances of our understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of these systems, including a model for the overall morphology of xanthine oxidizing enzymes. The evidence that the two enzymes represent alternate forms of the same gene product, in some cases reversibly interconvertible between one another, is discussed.
Approximate algorithms for time separation of events (1997)

We describe a polynomial-time approximate algorithm for computing minimum and maximum time separations between all pairs of events in systems specified by acyclic timing constraint graphs. Even for acyclic graphs, the problem is NP-complete. We propose finding an approximate solution by first approximating the non-convex feasible space with a suitable convex ``envelope'', and then solving the problem efficiently in the approximate convex space. Unlike previous works, our algorithm can handle both min and max-type timing constraints in the same system, and has a computational complexity that is polynomial in the number of events. Although the computed separations are conservative in the worst-case, experiments indicate that our results are highly accurate in practice.
Curcumin Induces Cell Death in Esophageal Cancer Cells through Modulating Notch Signaling (2012)

Curcumin is a potent inhibitor of esophageal cancer growth that targets the Notch-1 activating γ-secretase complex proteins. These data suggest that Notch signaling inhibition is a novel mechanism of action for curcumin during therapeutic intervention in esophageal cancers.
Epidemiological Features of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Women Living in Mainland China (2013)

Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, more than 85% of the cases occurring in developing countries such as China. In China, since a national cancer registry is already set up but with geographically limited data generated, the burden of cervical cancer is believed to be underestimated. High- risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence among women attending routine cervical cancer screening programs has been shown to correlate well with cervical cancer incidence rates based on independently obtained HPV prevalence data as well as findings for the worldwide cervical cancer burden. Therefore, reviewing data on HR-HPV prevalence in population-based screening studies and hospital-based case studies will be important in the context of better understanding the cervical cancer burden and for the evaluation of the potential impact of HPV vaccination in the country. With the advent of prophylactic vaccines, significant progress is likely to be made in cervical cancer prevention. This article reviews available data on the HPV epidemiology over a 12-year time period (2001-2012) in mainland China under different epidemiological aspects: by age group of study population, by ethnicity, by geographic area, as well as time period. The authors also review the potential acceptability of HPV vaccination among Chinese women.
By-passing the out-of-order execution pipeline to increase energy-efficiency (2007)

Out-of-order execution significantly increases the performanceof superscalar processors. The out-of-order execution mechanismis, however, energy-inefficient, which inhibits scaling superscalar processorsto high issue widths and large instruction windows. In this paper, we build on the observation that between 19% and 36% of the instructions are immediately ready for execution, even before entering the issue queue. Yet, these instructions proceed to the energy-consuming steps ofinstruction wake-up and select and they needlessly occupy space in theissue queue. To save energy, we propose for these instructions to by-pass the out-of-order execution core. Instead, we execute them on an energy-efficient single-issue in-order by-pass pipeline.The by-pass pipeline executes a significant fraction of all instructions,allowing performance-energy trade-offs with respect to the issue width of the out-of-order pipeline and to the issue queue size.By making these trade-offs, we show energy reductions of 53% for the issue queue, 33% for the register file and 31% in the write-back and wake-up logic. Performance remains almost unaffected.