gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel mouse Nedd4 protein suppresses the activity of the epithelial Na <sup>+</sup> channel (2001)

Liddle's syndrome is a form of inherited hypertension linked to mutations in the genes encoding the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). These mutations alter or delete PY motifs involved in protein-protein interactions with a ubiquitin-protein ligase, Nedd4. Here we show that Na+ transporting cells, derived from mouse cortical collecting duct, express two Nedd4 proteins with different structural organization and characteristics of ENaC regulation: 1) the classical Nedd4 (herein referred to as Nedd4-1) containing one amino-terminal C2, three WW, and one HECT-ubiquitin protein ligase domain and 2) a novel Nedd4 protein (Nedd4-2), homologous to Xenopus Nedd4 and comprising four WW, one HECT, yet lacking a C2 domain. Nedd4-2, but not Nedd4-1, inhibits ENaC activity when coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes and this property correlates with the ability to bind to ENaC, as only Nedd4-2 coimmunoprecipitates with ENaC. Furthermore, this interaction depends on the presence of at least one PY motif in the ENaC complex and on WW domains 3 and 4 in Nedd4-2. Thus, these results suggest that the novel suppressor protein Nedd4-2 is the regulator of ENaC and hence a potential susceptibility gene for arterial hypertension.
Statistical tests for differential expression in cDNA microarray experiments (2003)

Extracting biological information from microarray data requires appropriate statistical methods. The simplest statistical method for detecting differential expression is the t test, which can be used to compare two conditions when there is replication of samples. With more than two conditions, analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used, and the mixed ANOVA model is a general and powerful approach for microarray experiments with multiple factors and/or several sources of variation.
Giordana’s I cento passi: renegotiating the Mafia codes (2005)

The ‘codes’ to which the title of this article refers are the narrative and visual codes of a particular genre model, the Mafia film. The article traces the tradition of Mafia film-making with the purpose of establishing how it gives meaning to Marco Tullio Giordana’s film I cento passi , which is shown to be one of a crop of contemporary Italian films that addresses the Mafia question from a new perspective - through humour (Roberto Benigni, Robert Torre) or through emphasis on a little-known protagonist (Scimeca, Giordana). Giordana’s film is shown to renegotiate, through intertextual citation, the cinematic codes of Hollywood (Coppola’s The Godfather ) and of the European tradition (the films of Francesco Rosi). The article concludes by demonstrating that the impetus behind the current films is found in the climate of anti-Mafia opinion that predominated in Sicily, following the Mafia murders of judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino in 1992.
Contribution of inflammatory processes to Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms (2006)

There is compelling evidence that Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition is associated with a local inflammatory response, which is initiated by the activation of microglia and the recruitment of astrocytes. These cells secrete a number of cytokines and neurotoxic products that may contribute to neuronal degeneration and cell death. It has been documented that long-term intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the risk for developing AD and delay the onset of the disease. The mechanism behind these NSAIDs is still controversial and several hypotheses have been raised, including changes in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, in Abeta aggregation and a decrease in inflammatory mediators. Recently, it was proposed that some NSAIDs might activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). PPAR-gamma belongs to a family of nuclear receptors that are able to regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as iNOS. The activation of PPAR-gamma has been recently reported to reduce Abeta levels in cell culture and AD animal models. The implication of PPAR-gamma in the control of Abeta-induced inflammation suggests a new target for AD therapy and emphasize the contribution of neuroinflammatory mechanisms to the pathogenesis of AD.
Hepatotoxicity Despite Early Administration of Intravenous <i>N</i>‐Acetylcysteine for Acute Acetaminophen Overdose (2008)

Hepatotoxicity developed in 5.2% of cases, suggesting that the 21-hour IV NAC regimen is suboptimal in some patients. In addition to high initial plasma APAP concentrations, APAP product formulation and persistently elevated plasma APAP concentrations were identified as factors possibly associated with developing hepatotoxicity. The authors propose a tailored approach to the discontinuation of IV NAC and point out the need for reevaluation of optimal doses and duration of therapy.
802.11ec: Collision Avoidance Without Control Messages (2013)

In this paper, we design, implement, and evaluate 802.11ec (Encoded Control), an 802.11-based protocol without control messages: Instead, 802.11ec employs correlatable symbol sequences that, together with the timing the codes are transmitted, encode all control information and change the fundamental design properties of the MAC. The use of correlatable symbol sequences provides two key advantages: 1) efficiency, as it permits a near order of magnitude reduction of the control time; 2) robustness, because codes are short and easily detectable even at low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and even while a neighbor is transmitting data. We implement 802.11ec on a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based software defined radio. We perform a large number of experiments and show that, compared to 802.11 (with and without RTS/CTS), 802.11ec achieves a vast efficiency gain in conveying control information and resolves key throughput and fairness problems in the presence of hidden terminals, asymmetric topologies, and general multihop topologies.
Joint motion estimation and segmentation based on the MDL principle (2002)

We consider the problem of joint motion segmentation and estimation. An algorithm based on region-merging and the minimum description length (MDL) principle is presented here. The proposed technique is an unsupervised bottom-up merging method which could be separated into two parts: initial segmentation and further segmentation. The error map of the motion-compensated prediction error (MCPE) of each region is used to check the motion correlation of the contiguous regions and to obtain the motion vectors of the newly merged one. The MDL-based criteria are used to evaluate each possible fusion in further segmentation. The criteria are also used as a test for stopping the merging process. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. (1994)

We studied the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on rat development and growth. Primigravid female Fischer rats were fed control or CLA-supplemented (0.25% or 0.5% CLA) diets during gestation and/or lactation. Conjugated linoleic acid was incorporated into milk fat and tissue lipids proportional to the level of CLA fed and the duration of CLA feeding. Conjugated linoleic acid was incorporated into fetal and neonatal tissues; it did not affect litter size nor induce apparent abnormalities. To the contrary, feeding CLA to the dams during gestation and lactation improved the postnatal body weight gain of pups (P < 0.05), measured on d 10 of lactation. Pups that continued to receive the CLA-supplemented diet after weaning had significantly greater body weight gain and improved feed efficiency relative to control animals (P < 0.05).
Autonomic dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (2010)

It has been recognized that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease which has been shown to negatively affect the cardiovascular and autonomic nerve system. The complexity of the physiologic basis by which autonomic dysfunction occurs in patients with COPD is considerable and the knowledge in this field remains elementary. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of important potential mechanisms which might affect the autonomic nervous system in patients with COPD. This review aims to summarize the basic research in the field of autonomic dysfunction in patients with COPD. In COPD patients the activity of sympathetic nerves may be affected by recurrent hypoxemia, hypercapnia, increased intrathoracic pressure swings due to airway obstruction, increased respiratory effort, systemic inflammation and the use of betasympathomimetics. Furthermore, experimental findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction characterized by a predominance of sympathetic activity can significantly modulate further inflammatory reactions. The exact relationship between autonomic dysfunction and health status in COPD remains to be elucidated. Treatment aimed to restore the sympathovagal balance towards a reduction of resting sympathetic activity may modulate the inflammatory state, and possibly contributes to improved health status in COPD.
Charge trapping in plasma-polymerized thin films (1980)

The surface potential of freshly plasma-polymerized films of hexamethyldisiloxane was measured for film thicknesses ranging from about 0.1 to 1 μm. The films are found to be in an electret state under certain fabrication conditions. Experimental evidence is given which indicates that charge trapped during plasma polymerization is uniformly distributed across the sample thickness. It has been found that other electret properties such as the polarity of trapped charge, and the charge retention characteristics can also be controlled by an appropriate choice of polymerization conditions.
Multiple Bragg wave coupling in photonic band-gap crystals (2000)

We report angle and polarization resolved reflectivity from strongly photonic fcc crystals consisting of air spheres in titania. For a $30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ range of angles of incidence, multiple peaks with distinct polarization dependence are observed that clearly reveal avoided crossing behavior. Calculated photonic dispersion curves show that the multiple peaks result from band repulsion of Bloch states due to simultaneous Bragg diffraction by (111) and (200) planes. Our results demonstrate that many-wave coupling leads to substantial deviations from simple Bragg diffraction, with significantly flattened bands, a requirement for the appearance of complete photonic band gaps.
Evidential reasoning neural networks (2002)

This paper proposes an neural network architecture for evidential reasoning. This has been achieved by combining an extended multilayered neural network for learning rules and decision trees with a new interpretation. The new interpretation of the decision tree converts a decision tree into an evidential reasoning construct called hierarchy tree (HT). Fuzzy knowledge representation methods have been used in the HTs for approximate reasoning. Fusing the HT into a neural network it is shown that imprecision and ignorance can be handled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A real time face tracking system using rank deficient face detection and motion estimation (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel real-time face tracking system using rank deficient face detection. Real time computer vision systems need to be fast and efficient to be of practical application. Moreover, the system should be adaptable to diverse real life situations with varied availability of resources. We detect human face in an input grayscale image using a rank deficient face detection algorithm, which has been shown to be 4 to 6 times faster than unconstrained reduced set systems. The algorithm works on grayscale images and so easily adapts to change in ambient conditions like lighting conditions and different people, and is compatible with both color and grayscale cameras. One major problem in face tracking system used in environments with multiple candidate faces is which face to track and how to keep tracking a heuristically selected face without actually involving face authentication procedures. We have developed a highly flexible yet robust algorithm to deal with these problems. In case of multiple faces in the frame, the most prominent face is identified and automatically selected for tracking, and Webcam focused on the desired face. Motion estimation and compensation is then incorporated to ensure robust tracking, to minimize false detections, and for persistent tracking of the desired face. The system showed a robust 10 fps and a false detection rate of 0.6% on a 1.4 GHz Pentium IV workstation using an Intel CS110 Webcam. The principle used in this system can be applied to real time tracking of other objects, viz. cars, the human hand, etc. by using an appropriate training set. It can also be extended to provide face authentication and subsequent tracking of desired face.
Nonlinear effects in sputtering of organic liquids by keV ions (1997)

The principal features of the spike probability model are summarized, and calculations based on the model are compared with the keV-ion sputtering data recently obtained from organic liquids. This data, which includes yields for anions of mononucleotides, cations of an organic surfactant, and hydride ions, permits the validity of the spike probability model to be examined over a wider range of both primary particles and impact energies than heretofore possible. It is demonstrated that the nonlinear sputtering effects observed when liquid organics are bombarded by atomic and multiatomic keV ions are described well when energy straggling in the transfer of primary ion energy to the target is used as a basis for calculating the probability of forming energy spikes. This spike probability model accounts for experimental yields in several cases where treatments based solely on mean stopping power are found deficient. Specifically, the model's more complete description seems to be required when, as in the case of intact molecules sputtered from condensed organic phases, spike phenomena predominate.
An 8-bit 50+ Msamples/s pipelined A/D converter with an area and power efficient architecture (2002)

An efficient architecture for a pipelined A/D converter is described. By sharing amplifiers along the pipeline and also completely eliminating the amplifier from the last stage, an 8-bit converter is realized using just 3 amplifiers (instead of 7 amplifiers with a conventional pipeline architecture). By using two such pipelines in parallel, a sampling rate of over 50 Msamples/s has been achieved in a 0.9-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Atomic Frequency Standards: A Survey (1974)

The last comprehensive survey on atomic frequency standards was done by McCoubrey [1]. This survey reviews the more recent historical background of atomic frequency standards leading to the present developments. A discussion of the underlying physical and engineering principles is given. Modern atomic frequency standards, including their performance, are compared quantitatively, and projections are attempted at likely future developments and performance characteristics. As in 1966, the standards principally used in technical and scientific applications are rubidium gas cell devices, cesium beam tubes, and hydrogen maser oscillators. However, substantial advances in physical and performance characteristics can be reported. New developments include passive hydrogen devices, saturated absorption stabilized lasers, ion storage devices, and atomic beams in the far infrared and infrared region, as well as new techniques to evaluate frequency biases such as those encountered in cesium and hydrogen standards. The survey includes a discussion of the effects of past and current developments in atomic frequency standards on the technical and scientific user community.
Nano‐W Dispersed Gamma Radiation Shielding Materials (2014)

We present a nano‐W dispersed polymer composite whose gamma attenuation is greatly enhanced. In situ pulverization and simultaneous encapsulation of polyethylene (PE) onto the nano‐W particles was successfully performed by ball milling. Adhesive encapsulation of PE was observed by means of interstitial diffusion of atomic W at the boundary using transmission electron microscope. Prepared nano‐W/PE particles were dispersed into ethylene‐propylene‐based polymer mixture using melt mixing. Attenuation of gammas for the nano‐W composites was enhanced up to ∼75% for Ba‐133 (∼0.3 MeV) compared to the micro‐W composites, while it decreases as the photon energy increases. MCNP simulation also shows similar gamma attenuation behaviors.
Fast and robust shape diameter function (2018)

The shape diameter function (SDF) is a scalar function defined on a closed manifold surface, measuring the neighborhood diameter of the object at each point. Due to its pose oblivious property, SDF is widely used in shape analysis, segmentation and retrieval. However, computing SDF is computationally expensive since one has to place an inverted cone at each point and then average the penetration distances for a number of rays inside the cone. Furthermore, the shape diameters are highly sensitive to local geometric features as well as the normal vectors, hence diminishing their applications to real-world meshes which often contain rich geometric details and/or various types of defects, such as noise and gaps. In order to increase the robustness of SDF and promote it to a wide range of 3D models, we define SDF by offsetting the input object a little bit. This seemingly minor change brings three significant benefits: First, it allows us to compute SDF in a robust manner since the offset surface is able to give reliable normal vectors. Second, it runs many times faster since at each point we only need to compute the penetration distance along a single direction, rather than tens of directions. Third, our method does not require watertight surfaces as the input-it supports both point clouds and meshes with noise and gaps. Extensive experimental results show that the offset-surface based SDF is robust to noise and insensitive to geometric details, and it also runs about 10 times faster than the existing method. We also exhibit its usefulness using two typical applications including shape retrieval and shape segmentation, and observe a significant improvement over the existing SDF.
Smart Region Definition:  A New Way To Improve the Predictive Ability and Interpretability of Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationships (1997)

This report describes a new methodology aimed at grouping 3D-QSAR interaction energy descriptors into regions of neighbor variables bearing the same chemical and statistical information. These regions represent the structural variability of the series better than individual descriptor variables and can advantageously replace them in the chemometric analysis. The algorithm used to generate such regions is described, together with their application for improving the quality of GOLPE variable selection. The method is illustrated on a series of 47 glucose analogues, inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b, and is shown to improve both the predictive ability and the interpretability of the 3D-QSAR models obtained, comparing favorably with other methods previously described.
1902 (1985)

On 16 January 1902, the British Australasian noted: Lady Bective, one of the most cultivated leaders of London society, has had Mr Percy Grainger to her house several times lately, and is greatly taken with the musical gifts of the young Australian pianist who will shortly give another recital in London. KeywordsYoung LadySwedish MasseurSavage ClubManchester GuardianPiano ConcertoThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Tiling stencil computations to maximize parallelism (2012)

Most stencil computations allow tile-wise concurrent start, i.e., there always exists a face of the iteration space and a set of tiling hyperplanes such that all tiles along that face can be started concurrently. This provides load balance and maximizes parallelism. However, existing automatic tiling frameworks often choose hyperplanes that lead to pipelined start-up and load imbalance. We address this issue with a new tiling technique that ensures concurrent start-up as well as perfect load-balance whenever possible. We first provide necessary and sufficient conditions on tiling hyperplanes to enable concurrent start for programs with affine data accesses. We then provide an approach to find such hyperplanes. Experimental evaluation on a 12-core Intel Westmere shows that our code is able to outperform a tuned domain-specific stencil code generator by 4% to 27%, and previous compiler techniques by a factor of 2× to 10.14×.
Dynamic mechanical properties of polystyrene‐based block copolymers blended with poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (2003)

Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of a model system consisting of a styrene–butadiene (SB) symmetric block copolymer blended with poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) have been studied. It is shown that PPO is effectively incorporated in the rigid domains of the material but that the distribution of the homopolymer is not strictly uniform inside the polystyrene lamellae. The time–temperature superposition in these blends is discussed. Similar experiments were carried out on industrial compounds based on a polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene–butylene)‐ block ‐polystyrene thermoplastic elastomer and prepared in a twin screw extruder. Mechanical measurements indicate incorporation of PPO in the polystyrene phase but also a relaxation of the modulus at temperatures below the glass transition of the rigid phase. This is interpreted in terms of broad interfaces in which hard and soft segments of the polymer chains are mixed. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Tissue Specific Promoters in Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. In the most advanced stages, the use of chemotherapy induces a poor response and is usually accompanied by other tissue damage. Significant progress based on suicide gene therapy has demonstrated that it may potentiate the classical cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer. The inconvenience still rests with the targeting and the specificity efficiency. The main target of gene therapy is to achieve an effective vehicle to hand over therapeutic genes safely into specific cells. One possibility is the use of tumor-specific promoters overexpressed in cancers. They could induce a specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several promoters have been assayed into direct suicide genes to cancer cells. This review discusses the current status of specific tumor-promoters and their great potential in colorectal carcinoma treatment.