gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Forensic on Encrypted Peer-to-Peer VoIP Traffics and the Detection, Blocking, and Prioritization of Skype Traffics (2007)

Skype is a popular peer-to-peer (P2P) voice over IP (VoIP) application evolving quickly since its launch in 2003. However, the ability to traverse network address translation (NAT) and bypass firewalls, as well as the induced bandwidth burden due to the super node (SN) mechanism, make Skype considerably a threat to enterprise networks security and availability. Because Skype uses both encryption and overlays, detection and blocking of Skype is non- trivial. Motivated by the work ofBiondi and Desclaux [3], we adopt the view of Skype as a backdoor and we take a forensic approach to analyze it. We share our experience in this paper. With the forensic evidence, we identify a transport layer communication framework for Skype. We further formulate a set of socket-based detection and control policies for Skype traffics. Our detection method is a hybrid between payload and non-payload inspections, with improved accuracy and version sustainability over the traditional payload-only approaches. Our solution is practicable both inside and outside the NAT firewalls. This breakthrough makes the detection, blocking, and prioritization of Skype traffics possible in both the enterprise internal networks and the Internet Services Providers carrier networks.
The status of faculty in community colleges: What do we know? (1994)

Abstract A challenge for community college leaders will be to move beyond the rhetoric and push for increasing the employment opportunities for faculty of color.
Characterization of a Heaterless Hollow Cathode (2013)

The parameters of a thermionic heaterless hollow cathode operating in the diode mode were determined using various diagnostic methods, and studied in relation to the discharge current, in the range 0.5–1.5 A, the orifice plate–anode gap, and the xenon-gas flow rate. It was shown that the cathode ignition consists of breakdown, heating, and keeping phases, and it realizes in the timescale of a few seconds depending on the xenon-gas flow rate. Dependencies of the cathode and orifice potential vs the gas flow rate and discharge current were obtained. The plasma plume parameters (plasma density and temperature) were studied using double Langmuir probe and spatial resolved optical spectroscopy. The energy distribution of the generated electron beam was obtained by the retarding energy analyzer and biased collimated Faraday cup. The processes involved in the hollow cathode ignition, heating, and dc operation are discussed, and the influence of initial conditions on the reliability and efficiency of the operation of a hollow cathode is determined. Finally, a simple model for estimation of the emitter temperature during the cathode operation is suggested.
Oligospermic Infertility Treated by In‐Vitro Fertilization (1986)

A series of 451 couples receiving treatment in an IVF programme were classified according to the quality of semen produced by the male partner, and were regarded as either severely oligospermic (less than or equal to 5 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml X n = 29), moderately oligospermic (5.1 to 11.9 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml; n = 46) or normospermic (greater than or equal to 12 X 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml; n = 376). Despite similar insemination numbers, a significant reduction in the proportion of oocytes fertilized was seen when the normospermic group (1,314/1,815; 72%) was compared with the moderately oligospermic group (134/239; 56%) and the severely oligospermic group (57/190; 30%) and there was a progressive increase in the proportion of couples with total fertilization failure in the 3 groups (18/376, 5%; 10/46, 22%; 12/29, 41%) respectively. In addition, 10 couples with severe oligospermia chose to divide the oocytes collected for insemination by the husband and a donor. The fertilization rates achieved using the husband's spermatozoa (9/31; 23%) are significantly lower than with donor (26/35; 74%), despite similar insemination densities, suggesting a functional defect in the spermatozoa of oligospermic husbands. Nonetheless, the pregnancy rates following embryo transfer were similar for all groups, suggesting that once fertilization is achieved, all embryos have the same potential to result in a successful pregnancy.
The Early Christian Sarcophagi of the Lateran Museum and Their Historical Suggestiveness (1928)

In the Lateran Museum at Rome perhaps the largest and most interesting collection of ancient Christian sarcophagi in the world has been gathered together. It is hard to say just how many different specimens are represented. At least thirty-eight are more or less complete; and there are, besides, numerous fragments of others, some of which have doubtless been reckoned in the larger estimates sometimes given. A few were found in the various catacombs which like the encampments of a besieging army encircle the walls of Rome. The majority came from the early basilicas, which sprang up so rapidly after Constantine's Edict had proclaimed that the victory of these Christian hosts had indeed been won. It would be difficult to assign an exact date to many of these sarcophagi; but in general it may be said that they represent the fourth and fifth centuries, with a few specimens from still earlier generations, and a few others which reach forward into the sixth century.
Overexpression of a <i>Knotted</i>-Like Homeobox Gene of Potato Alters Vegetative Development by Decreasing Gibberellin Accumulation (2003)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) homeobox 1 (POTH1) is a class I homeobox gene isolated from an early-stage tuber cDNA library. The RNA expression pattern of POTH1, unlike that of most other class I knotted-like homeobox genes, is widespread in the cells of both indeterminate and differentiated tissues. Using in situ hybridization, POTH1 transcripts were detected in meristematic cells, leaf primordia, and the vascular procambium of the young stem. Overexpression of POTH1 produced dwarf plants with altered leaf morphology. Leaves were reduced in size and displayed a "mouse-ear" phenotype. The mid-vein was less prominent, resulting in a palmate venation pattern. The overall plant height of overexpression lines was reduced due to a decrease in internode length. Levels of intermediates in the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic pathway were altered, and the bioactive GA, GA(1), was reduced by one-half in sense mutants. Accumulation of mRNA for GA 20-oxidase1, a key biosynthetic enzyme, decreased in overexpression lines. In vitro tuberization was enhanced under both short- and long-day photoperiods in several POTH1 overexpression lines. Sense lines produced more tubers at a faster rate than controls. These results imply that POTH1 mediates the development of potato by acting as a negative regulator of GA biosynthesis.
Segmental Awareness of Speech and Learning the Alphabetic Code (1987)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Automated segmentation of coronary wall and plaque from intravascular ultrasound image sequences (2002)

The authors report an automated method for segmentation of intravascular ultrasound image (IVUS) sequences that uses a priori knowledge about coronary anatomy and ultrasound physics. External and internal elastic laminae and plaque borders are automatically identified as globally optimal borders using a graph searching approach that detects dual echoes demarcating the coronary wall. The method was applied to six image sequences acquired at a single location in 3 minimally diseased cadaveric left anterior descending coronary arteries subjected to 4 static pressures ranging from 50 to 200 mmHg. A good correlation was obtained between computer identified and observer-defined lumen and plaque areas (r=0.91, y=1.04x-0.50; r=0.83, y=1.08x+0.06; respectively). Border positions were quite accurate with a root-mean-square border positioning error of 0.10/spl plusmn/0.03 mm. The authors' results demonstrate the feasibility of automated border detection in IVUS coronary sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human brain tumorO6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase mRNA and its significance as an indicator of selective chloroethylnitrosourea chemotherapy (1996)

O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes and repairs chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU)-induced O(6)-methylguanine-DNA by accepting the alkyl group at a cysteine moiety. MGMT activity is, therefore, predictive of resistance or sensitivity to CENU chemotherapy. We measured the levels of MGMT mRNA expression in human brain tumors using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and studied the significance of MGMT mRNA levels in CENU chemotherapy. The level of MGMT mRNA was represented as a percentage relative to the MGMT mRNA in U138MG brain tumor cells. Forty-three patients with brain tumors were entered into the study. High-grade gliomas had significantly lower levels of MGMT mRNA than did low-grade gliomas and non-glial tumors (p < 0.05 determined by analysis of covariance). Out of 14 high-grade gliomas, 4 had a level of MGMT mRNA below 10%, indicating chemosensitivity to CENU. Out of 11 patients who received CENU chemotherapy, 3 had a partial response. All 3 responders had a low level of MGMT mRNA. The time to tumor progression (TTP) for 6 patients with a level lower than the median was short, but significantly longer than the TTP for 5 patients with a higher level (p < 0.05 determined by Gehan's Wilcoxon test). These results indicate that a fraction of brain tumors have a low expression of MGMT mRNA, and that the level of MGMT mRNA is a useful indicator of effectiveness in selective CENU chemotherapy.
Role of gut microflora and probiotic effects in the irritable bowel syndrome. (2006)

The increased colonisation by Bifi-dobacterium longum W11, after the cyclic administration of rifaximin, which eradicates the bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine, may reduce symptoms, especially those related to bowel habit and stool frequency in patients with IBS. The abnormalities observed in the colonic flora of IBS suggest, in fact, that a probiotic approach will ultimately be justified.
S -adenosylmethionine protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in two mouse models (1992)

Because S-adenosylmethionine promotes synthesis of hepatic glutathione in chronic liver disease and is well tolerated in man, we investigated its use as an antidote to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in two mouse models. In C57Bl6 mice, deaths were abolished by S-adenosylmethionine given within 1 hr of 3.3 mmol/kg body wt acetaminophen (0 of 32 vs. 13 of 49, p less than 0.005) and reduced if given 2 to 5 hours after acetaminophen administration (4 of 42 vs. 13 of 49, p less than 0.01). Mixed disulfate/tosylate salt of S-adenosylmethionine abolished mortality in C3H mice given 2 mmol/kg body wt acetaminophen (0 of 24 vs. 4 of 18; p less than 0.05). In both mouse models, S-adenosylmethionine reduced depletion of plasma (median = 20.8 mumol/L vs. 14.6 mumol/L) and liver glutathione (198% vs. 100%; p less than 0.05), liver damage and release of AST after acetaminophen administration. Pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine, which inhibits glutathione synthesis, abolished the beneficial effect of S-adenosylmethionine on survival and plasma glutathione level. S-adenosylmethionine reduces acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by metabolism of the active moiety to glutathione. This benefit may last as long as 5 hr after acetaminophen ingestion.
Sand-fly Fever and Benign Lymphocytic Meningitis (1941)

mind was lucid throughout the illness.She could always put the spatula in her mouth during the spasms to prevent damage to her tongue. TreatmentGeneral.-Special points to be emphasized: separate and darkened room; quiet enforced; special day and night nurses.Specific.-Serum: 200,000units concentrated A.T.S. intra- venously the first day; 40,000 units intramuscularly the second, repeated on the third and fourth days.Suilphonamiiide Cheemotherapy.-Soluseptasine 10 c.cm. 5% solution four-hourly from admission for twenty-four hours, then 1 gramme sulphapyridine by mouth with an occasional injection of the former if the tablets could not be taken.Sulphonamide therapy stopped on the third day owing to the patient being markedly cyanosed.Sedatives.-(M)Evipan sodium 0.5 to 0.75 gramme ; intravenous and intramuscular injections enabled the patient to obtain four to five hours repose. (2)Avertin, given in a dosage of 0.1 gramme Per kg.body weight, provided lengthy and adequate rest.(3) Paraldehyde, 5 to 6 drachms rectally, was of little value. (4)Nembutal, 4grains by oral and rectal routes, gave very short periods of rest.(5) Chloral hydrate, 60 grains orally, gave much comfort during the day, two doses usually being sufficient. ( 6 Hypodermic injection of morphine 1/3 grain appeared a bene- ficial substitute for the chloral hydrate.Diet.-We were always able to feed the patient by mouth with fluids, small and frequent quantities being taken through a straw.Fluids given: Horlick's, ovaltine, glucose fruit drinks, meat broths, bovril; egg, milk, and brandy beaten up together; also cream brought in by the patient's relatives.From the eleventh day she was able to take soft solids such as fish and vegetable purees, jellies, etc.Oral hygiene: Mouth cleansed with glycothymolin swabs.Back: This was treated dailv.Bowels kept open by gentle enemata.Rash: Calamine and carbolic lotion employed for this.Vaginal discharge: Gentle hydrogen peroxide douches daily.
Assembly of Human Hemoglobin (1997)

The alpha-globin of human hemoglobin was expressed in Escherichia coli and was refolded with heme in the presence and in the absence of native beta-chains. The functional and structural properties of the expressed alpha-chains were assessed in the isolated state and after assembly into a functional hemoglobin tetramer. The recombinant and native hemoglobins were essentially identical on the basis of sensitivity to effectors (Cl- and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate), Bohr effect, CO binding kinetics, dimer-tetramer association constants, circular dichroism spectra of the heme region, and nuclear magnetic resonance of the residues in the alpha1beta1 and alpha1beta2 interfaces. However, the nuclear magnetic resonance revealed subtle differences in the heme region of the expressed alpha-chain, and the recombinant human normal adult hemoglobin (HbA) exhibited a slightly decreased cooperativity relative to native HbA. These results indicate that subtle conformational changes in the heme pocket can alter hemoglobin cooperativity in the absence of modifications of quaternary interface contacts or protein dynamics. In addition to incorporation into a HbA tetramer, the alpha-globin refolds and incorporates heme in the absence of the partner beta-chain. Although the CO binding kinetics of recombinant alpha-chains were the same as that of native alpha-chains, the ellipticity of the Soret circular dichroism spectrum was decreased and CO binding kinetics revealed an additional faster component. These results show that recombinant alpha-chain assumes alternating conformations in the absence of beta-chain and indicate that the isolated alpha-chain exhibits a higher degree of conformational flexibility than the alpha-chain incorporated into the hemoglobin tetramer. These findings demonstrate the utility of the expressed alpha-globin as a tool for elucidating the role of this chain in hemoglobin structure-function relationships.
Synthesis and characterization of thianthrene-based poly(phenylene sulfide)s with high refractive index over 1.8 (2011)

Highly refractive thianthrene-based poly(phenylene sulfide)s (TPPSs) have been developed. The TPPSs were prepared from 2,7-difluorothianthrene and dithiols, including 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT), m-benzenedithiol (mBDT), or sodium sulfide nonahydrate based on aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, and showed excellent thermal stabilities such as relatively high glass transition temperatures in the range of 143–147 °C and 5% weight-loss temperatures over 430 °C. All of the TPPSs exhibited very high refractive indices reaching 1.8020 along with a high transparency in the visible region and low birefringence in the range of 0.0037–0.0039.
How Maps Work (1992)

This paper proposes a new definition of the map. It is argued that a map is a weapon in the fight for social dominion, one disguised as a representation of the world, but which in reality links territory with what comes with it (with voting rights or military service obligations, with rates of rainfall or types of vegetation). The map achieves this linkage by fusing onto a common plane (that of the map) multicoded images of the very world the map itself will bring into being.
[Foreign bodies of the ear]. (1997)

The paper presents practical aspects of diagnosis and management of foreign bodies found in the ear. Methodological approaches of medical aid to patients with foreign bodies in the ear are described. It is shown that such foreign bodies can provoke severe complications. The authors have developed a convenient classification which enables valid assessment of the clinical situation and facilitates a choice of the adequate therapeutic policy.
Polyamine Metabolism (1990)

Currently, two major pathways are distinguished along which the polyamines are metabolized: the interconversion pathway and the so-called terminal polyamine catabolism. In vertebrates, the interconversion pathway is a cyclic process which controls polyamine turnover. In conjunction with polyamine transport, it regulates intracellular polyamine homeostasis. In vertebrates, putrescine, the precursor of spermidine and spermine, is exclusively formed by decarboxylation of ornithine--as far as de novo synthesis is concerned. Spermidine and spermine synthase form spermidine from putrescine, and spermine from spermidine, by transfer of aminopropyl residues from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine. In the catabolic branch of the interconversion cycle, spermine is degraded to spermidine, and spermidine to putrescine. The first step in this sequence is acetylation in the N1 position. This is followed by oxidative splitting of the acetylated polyamines, whereby the aminopropyl residues which originated from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine are removed. The enzyme catalyzing this step is an FAD-dependent oxidase (polyamine oxidase). Ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and acetyl CoA:polyamine N1-acetyltransferase are highly regulated, inducible enzymes with a high turnover rate. Depending on the physiological situation, each of these enzymes may become rate limiting. Terminal polyamine catabolism is catalyzed by Cu2(+)-dependent amine oxidases, of which only diamine oxidase has been well defined. By oxidative deamination of a primary amino group, each intermediate of the interconversion cycle can be transformed into an aldehyde, which is further oxidized to an amino acid or a gamma-lactam. The products of the terminal catabolism as well as the acetylated polyamines are urinary excretory products. In addition to intracellularly synthesized polyamines, polyamines from various tissues and from exogenous sources (such as the gastrointestinal tract) may be utilized by those tissues which have a high demand. Polyamines play a paramount role in growth processes. In order to control growth (for example of tumors), it is necessary to block all major polyamine sources. If only one source is blocked, the remaining sources are usually capable of furnishing sufficient polyamines to support growth processes.
The identification and development of antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1998)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis throughout the world. Notwithstanding the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, the world prevalence of HBV has not declined significantly, thus resulting in the need for a selective antiviral agent. HBV is a small, partially double-stranded DNA virus which replicates through an RNA intermediate. Most efforts to develop anti-HBV agents have been targeted to the viral DNA polymerase which possesses reverse transcriptase activity. Currently, the most promising anti-HBV agents are nucleoside analogs which interfere with viral DNA replication. Although earlier nucleoside analogs such as vidarabine (ara-A) and fialuridine (FIAU) have displayed unacceptable toxicities, newer analogs such as lamivudine (3TC), bis-POM PMEA (GS-840), lobucavir, and BMS-200,475 have demonstrated clinical utility. In particular, the use of lamivudine has generated considerable interest in the development of other L-enantiomeric nucleoside analogs for use against HBV. Here, we provide an overview of HBV structure and replication strategy and discuss the use of cell culture systems, in vitro viral polymerase systems, and animal models to identify and evaluate anti-HBV agents. We also discuss the various classes of nucleoside analogs in terms of structure, mechanism of action, status in clinical development, ability to select for resistant HBV variants, and use in combination therapies. Finally, we present a discussion of novel antiviral approaches, including antisense and gene therapy, and address the various challenges to successful anti-HBV chemotherapeutic intervention.
Production of Recombinant Proteins in Mammalian Cells (1998)

The best strategy for consistent production of larger quantities of pure protein is stable expression. Popular hosts for stable expression are Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, myeloma cells, and the transformed kidney cell line 293. Protocols for stable production in CHO cells are described in this unit. Typical methods for transfection using commercially available plasmid expression vectors are described, along with methods to select for stable expression and methods for amplifying the expression level in the transfected cell. Following this, procedures are presented for efficient cell growth to obtain significant amounts of protein product. Support protocols describe freezing of cells, determination of growth rates, determination of specific productivity of cells, preparing samples for assay, and setting up a 10-day shaker-flask growth curve.
The Development of Concrete and Corrosion Condition Sensors for Railway Tunnels (1986)

A 54-year-old man had been diagnosed as having macroglobulinemia 10 years earlier; Ultrasonography and liver scintigraphy showed a space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver; CT scan showed abnormal density in the same region. IgG was more than 7,000 mg/dl. The tumor was isolated, and liver function was good. On laparotomy, biopsy of the tumor and one of the enlarged lymph nodes in the hepatoduodenal ligament was undertaken. The diagnosis the from frozen tumor section was hepatocellular carcinoma; malignancy was not found in the lymph node. Right lobectomy was done. The patient left the hospital two months later after an uneventful recovery.
Telemetry Transmitters Using Solid-State Wideband Microwave Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (1967)

A practical approach for meeting the immediate and future needs of communication systems that require very wideband transmitters capable of operating in the S-, C-, and X-band frequency ranges is described. Included are: 1) a review of the basic studies conducted to determine the most practical transmitter approach for wideband applications; 2) a discussion of a prototype 10-watt frequency-modulated transmitter developed to demonstrate the feasibility of a wideband system; and 3) a review of the preliminary computer analyses and empirical results obtained on the development of a unit capable of wide deviation with reasonable linearity at baseband frequencies up to 10 Megahertz.