gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic test pattern generation for functional register-transfer level circuits using assignment decision diagrams (2001)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for generating test patterns automatically from functional register-transfer level (RTL) circuits that target detection of stuck-at faults in the circuit at the logic level. In order to do this, we utilize a data structure named assignment decision diagram that has been proposed previously in the field of high-level synthesis. With the advent of RTL synthesis tools, functional RTL designs are now widely used in the industry to cut design turn around time. This paper addresses the problem of test pattern generation directly at this level due to a number of advantages inherent at the RTL. Since the number of primitive elements at the RTL is usually less than the logic level, the problem size is reduced leading to a reduction in the test-generation time over logic-level automatic test pattern generation (ATPG). Also, a reduction in the number of backtracks can lead to improved fault coverage and reduced test application time over logic-level techniques. The test patterns thus generated can also be used to perform RTL-RTL and RTL-logic validation. The algorithm is very versatile and can tackle almost any type of single-clock design, although performance varies according to the design style. It gracefully degrades to an inefficient logic-level ATPG algorithm if it is applied to a logic-level circuit. Experimental results demonstrate that over 1000 times reduction in test-generation time can be achieved by this algorithm on certain types of RTL circuits without any compromise in fault coverage.
Multi-view video coding via virtual view generation (2007)

In this paper, a multi-view video coding method via generation of virtual picture sequences is proposed. Pictures are synthesized for the sake of better exploitation of the redundancies between neighbouring views in a multi-view sequence. Pictures are synthesized through a 3D warping method to estimate certain views in a multi-view set. Depth map and associated colour video sequences are used for view generation and tests. H.264/AVC coding standard based MVC draft software is used for coding colour videos and depth maps as well as certain views which are predicted from the virtually generated views. Results for coding these views with the proposed method are compared against the reference H.264/AVC simulcast method under some low delay coding scenarios. The rate-distortion performance of the proposed method outperforms that of the reference method at all bit-rates. Index Terms—MVC, video coding, virtual view synthesis. 1.
A New Example of Edge-to-Face Interaction of Aromatic Rings in Oligopeptides: Cyclolinopeptide A (1990)

The analysis of the aromatic region of 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of cyclolinopeptide A (cyclic nonapeptide with the sequence c—(Pro— Pro— Phe—Phe—Leu— Ile— Ile— Leu— Val— ), (CLA)) shows that Phe-3 and Phe-4 aromatic rings are oriented nearly perpendicularly to each other, forming edge-to-face pair. It signifies the strong limitation of the free rotation of aromatic residues, probably because of the steric hindrance exerted by proximal aliphatic side chains of CLA.
Maintenance of a Neutral Cytoplasmic pH Is Not Obligatory for Growth of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis at an Alkaline pH1 (1990)

Both Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis grew in an alkaline medium containing 100 microM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Our data suggested that CCCP functioned as a protonophore at a high pH and that the proton-motive force was dissipated almost completely under such conditions. The pH gradient measured with dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and acetylsalicylic acid was very small in both bacteria at a high pH above 8, and was not affected significantly by the addition of CCCP. Based on these findings, we propose that the maintenance of neutral cytoplasmic pH is not obligatory for the growth of E. coli and S. faecalis in an alkaline medium.
One‐Step Synthesis of Folic Acid Protected Gold Nanoparticles and Their Receptor‐Mediated Intracellular Uptake (2009)

We report here a facile method to obtain folic acid (FA)-protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by heating an aqueous solution of HAuCl(4)/FA in which FA acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation of FA-protected Au NPs is demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles is facilitated by HeLa cells overexpressing the folate reporter, which itself is significantly inhibited by free FA in a competitive assay as quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). This simple one-step approach affords a new perspective for creating functional nanomaterials, and the resulting biocompatible, functional Au NPs may find some prospective applications in various biomedical fields.
Efficient Synthesis of S-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine Natural Product Analogues and Their Use to Elucidate the Structural Determinant for Cofactor Binding of the DNA Methyltransferase M·HhaI (2000)

5′-Acetylthio-5′-deoxy-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine (8) was directly prepared from commercially available 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine (7) and thioacetic acid under Mitsunobu conditions in almost quantitative yield. In situ cleavage of the acetylthio function of 8 followed by coupling with different alkyl bromides proceeded with high yields. Deprotection of the obtained 5′-thionucleosides yielded the S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine analogues decarboxylated AdoHcy (11), deaminated AdoHcy (14) and 5′-[3-(cyano)propylthio]-5′-deoxyadenosine (16) in good overall yields. Direct deprotection of the thionucleoside 8 delivered 5′-thio-5′-deoxyadenosine (18) in excellent yield. In addition, binding constants of these AdoHcy analogues and the DNA methyltransferase M·HhaI were determined in a fluorescence assay.
Web prefetching using partial match prediction (1998)

MSc thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1998 (available as Technical Report CSRG-376).
Investigations of Response Time Parameters of a Pneumatic 3/2 Direct Acting Solenoid Valve Under Various Working Pressure Conditions (2013)

In pneumatic circuits, a solenoid valve is a key component for controlling and directing pneumatic energy. The solenoid valve functional performances are defined as response time parameters with respect to its actuations in terms of direction changing time. This paper aims to present response time parameters of solenoid valves under various working pressures. An experimental setup is employed in order to measure response time with reference to the input signals. The response time plays significant role for evaluating the valve performance in sensitive applications. The response time parameters includes the on delay, the off delay, the on time, the off time, the cycle time and the switching frequency. In this experimental investigation the influence of various input pressure conditions is recorded and tabulated. Valves with varying orifice diameter are employed and the investigation reveals the influence of orifice diameter in response time variations. The newly-proposed six response time parameters can be used to rate and select the appropriate valve for various industrial applications.
The First Human Epitope Map of the Alphaviral E1 and E2 Proteins Reveals a New E2 Epitope with Significant Virus Neutralizing Activity (2010)

The VEEV-neutralizing capacity of the hMAb F5 nIgG is similar to that exhibited by the humanized mMAb Hy4 IgG. The Hy4 IgG has been shown to limit VEEV infection in mice both prophylactically and therapeutically. Administration of a cocktail of F5n and Hy4 IgGs, which bind to different E2 epitopes, could provide enhanced prophylaxis or immunotherapy for VEEV, while reducing the possibility of generating possibly harmful virus neutralization-escape variants in vivo.
Cryosurgical Effects on Growing Vessels (1999)

Cryosurgical treatment of unresectable hepatic malignancies has proven beneficial in adults. Concerns regarding its use in children include the effect on growth and the risk of injury to adjacent structures. To test the effect of cryoablation on adjacent vascular structures in a growing animal, liquid nitrogen cryoablation was performed on a juvenile murine model. Sprague Dawley rats underwent double freeze-thaw cryoablation of the abdominal aorta with interposed liver tissue. Serial sacrifices were performed over 120 days. Comparisons were made with sham-operated controls. Overall, animal growth paralleled that of sham controls through all time points. Gross examination of aortic diameter also showed similar growth in vessel size between the groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated injury after cryoablation with smooth muscle cell vacuolization, followed by cell death. Aortic media layer collapse resulted from cellular loss, however, elastin fiber composition was maintained. Aortic patency was preserved despite evidence of cellular injury and aortic wall remodeling. An associated thermal sink effect on the opposing wall was identified. After cryoablation adjacent to the abdominal aorta in adolescent rats, vascular patency is maintained and animal growth and structural function is preserved, despite cellular injury and wall compression. These observations suggest that cryoablation may be a useful treatment adjunct in young subjects.
Crowdsourcing Narrative Intelligence (2013)

Narrative intelligence is an important part of human cognition, especially in sensemaking and communicating with people. Humans draw on a lifetime of relevant experiences to explain stories, to tell stories, and to help choose the most appropriate actions in real-life settings. Manual authoring the required knowledge presents a significant bottleneck in the creation of systems demonstrating narrative intelligence. In this paper, we describe a novel technique for automatically learning script-like narrative knowledge from crowdsourcing. By leveraging human workers’ collective understanding of social and procedural constructs, we can learn a potentially unlimited range of scripts regarding how real-world situations unfold. We present quantitative evaluations of the learned primitive events and the temporal ordering of events, which suggest we can identify orderings between events with high accuracy. 1.
On the Complexity of Electrostatic Suspension Stabilization of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles for Biotargeting and Imaging Applications (2008)

Different means of attaching streptavidin to surface functionalized silica particles with a diameter of 240 nm were investigated with special focus on suspension stability for electrostatically stabilized suspensions. The influence of two different fluorescent dyes covalently linked to the streptavidin on suspension stability was also studied. The results clearly show that the stability of the suspensions is crucially dependent on all functional groups present on the surface. The surface functions may either directly affect the effective surface charge if the functions contain charged groups, or indirectly by affecting the relative concentration of charged groups on the particle surface. Poly(ethylene imine)‐functionalized silica particles, where the polymer is grown by surface hyperbranching polymerization, are shown to be promising candidates for bioapplications, as the zeta‐potential can remain strongly positive even under biologically relevant conditions.
Measurement of feet-ground interaction for real-time person localization, step characterization, and gaming (2010)

We introduce a setup for detailed and unobtrusive feet mapping in a room. Two cameras arranged in a stereo pair detect when an object touches ground by analyzing the occlusions on a fluorescent tape that is attached to the baseboard of a room. The disparity between both cameras allows localization of a person's feet and the calculation of step size and walking speed. People are separated from furniture such as chairs and tables by studying the occlusion duration. We present and discuss data-association and filtering algorithms and the algorithms that are needed for presence detection, step characterization and gaming.
Diagnostic Value of the Hemopexin N-Glycan Profile in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients (2010)

This study demonstrated hemopexin to be a model protein for studying liver-specific N-glycosylation. The hemopexin glycan marker could be a valuable complementary test to alpha-fetoprotein measurements for detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Additional study of its utility for diagnosis and follow-up is recommended.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homeostasis: the role of the PHA synthase (2003)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers with properties of thermoplastics Production of these polymers in an economically competitive fashion via bioengineering requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and its regulation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanism of the class I and III PHA synthases: the initiation, elongation and termination processes. It also summarizes our current understanding of the phase transition from soluble substrates (coenzyme A esters of beta-hydroxyalkanoates) to insoluble granules and our understanding of the requirement for a transcription factor, phasin proteins, and depolymerases in PHA homeostasis.
Ion-capture electrodialysis using multifunctional adsorptive membranes (2021)

Technologies that can efficiently purify nontraditional water sources are needed to meet rising global demand for clean water. Water treatment plants typically require a series of costly separation units to achieve desalination and the removal of toxic trace contaminants such as heavy metals and boron. We report a series of robust, selective, and tunable adsorptive membranes that feature porous aromatic framework nanoparticles embedded within ion exchange polymers and demonstrate their use in an efficient, one-step separation strategy termed ion-capture electrodialysis. This process uses electrodialysis configurations with adsorptive membranes to simultaneously desalinate complex water sources and capture diverse target solutes with negligible capture of competing ions. Our methods are applicable to the development of efficient and selective multifunctional separations that use adsorptive membranes.
Abnormal urinary excretion of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. (1990)

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most frequently described metabolic disorder of fatty acid oxidation in humans. Acute episodes are usually characterized biochemically by the appearance of nonketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. In addition, other abnormal metabolites, such as suberylglycine, n-hexanoylglycine, 3-phenylpropionylglycine, and octanoylcarnitine, are excreted in the urine. Urinary organic acids were determined using dual capillary column gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. In three cases of MCAD deficiency we observed a disproportionate increase in the excretion of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids compared to either fasting control children with expected ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria or patients with nonketotic dicarboxylic aciduria not associated with MCAD deficiency. The most significant increase was in the urinary excretion of cis-4-decendioic acid. Additionally, the urinary excretions of cis-3-octenedioic and cis-5-decenedioic acids were slightly decreased whereas the excretion of cis-5-dodecenedioic acid was increased. These data are consistent with the notion that as a result of MCAD deficiency the metabolic oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleate and oleate is inhibited more than saturated fatty acids.
Gamma Irradiation for Inactivation of <i>C. parvum</i> <b>,</b> <i>E. coli</i> <b>, and Coliphage MS-2</b> (2000)

Wastewater and drinking water disinfection are typically achieved via chlorination, ozonation, or UV irradiation. However, there has been increased interest in recent years in alternative disinfectants. This interest came about primarily as a result of concerns over the toxicological effects of disinfection by-products created by conventional disinfection processes and the resistance of some recalcitrant microorganisms to these disinfectants. The work reported herein represents an investigation of the effect of an alternative disinfectant, gamma radiation, on the viability of three important waterborne microorganisms. Escherichia coli, coliphage MS-2, and Cryptosporidium parvum were chosen for this investigation as representative bacterial, viral, and protozoan microorganisms, respectively. A 60Co irradiator was used to expose test microorganisms to a controlled radiation dose. Experiments were performed for each of the test microorganisms to evaluate the effect of dissolved oxygen concentration and carbonate alkalinity on inactivation efficiency. For each microorganism, a strong effect of dissolved oxygen was observed, regardless of alkalinity. A subtle effect of alkalinity was observed for E. coli and coliphage MS-2, but only in air-saturated solutions. No significant alkalinity effect was observed for Cryptosporidium parvum. Inactivation kinetics were modeled for E. coli and coliphage MS-2 using single-target theory to calculate an inactivation rate constant. Multitarget theory was used to represent the inactivation response of Cryptosporidium parvum. The inactivation models based on target theory were found to provide suitable representations of experimental observations.
Multiple Object Detection for Pick-and-Place Applications (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting multiple instances of the same object for pick-and-place automation. The working conditions are very challenging, with complex objects, arranged at random in the scene, and heavily occluded. This approach exploits SIFT to obtain a set of correspondences between the object model and the current image. In order to segment the multiple instances of the object, the correspondences are clustered among the objects using a voting scheme which determines the best estimate of the object’s center through mean shift. This procedure is compared in terms of accuracy with existing homography-based solutions which make use of RANSAC to eliminate outliers in the homography estimation. 1
STUDIES WITH INAGGLUTINABLE ERYTHROCYTE COUNTS. V. SPONTANEOUS AND X-RAY-INDUCED HEMOLYSIS IN MALIGNANCY 12 (1954)

Anemia in patients with malignant disease is currently ascribed (2) to blood loss, nutritional disturbances, metastases to the bone marrow, and, rarely, to failure of elaboration of the intrinsic fac- tor of Castle. Slowly evidence is accumulating that a hemolytic mechanism also may be operable in many instances. In 1907, Weil (3) reported extensive experiments in which extracts of nor- mal kidneys and livers of dogs produced slight and somewhat variable hemolysis of dogs' erythrocytes in vitro, but extracts of sarcomas and carci- nomas were much more potent in their destruction of red blood cells. He also noted that extracts of necrotic portions of tumors were much more hemo- lytic than undegenerated tissues. Dogs' kidneys were exposed extraperitoneally, their pedicles li- gated, and the organs replaced in the body. The resulting necrotic kidneys were recovered subse- quently and extracts from them proved to be many times more hemolytic against dogs' erythrocytes in sitro than extracts of nomal dogs' kidneys.
Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. VI. Multivariate distributions and matrix notation. (1980)

To represent multivariate data, matrix notation is required. Its equivalence to the arithmetic notation is shown with a bivariate example. With matrix notation one can then readily represent and evaluate multivariate data sets; however, most multivariate procedures require that one find that inverse of the variance-covariance matrix. This is shown using the Cholesky factorization with a numerical example.
Infectious in vitro transcripts from cloned cDNA of a potyvirus, tobacco vein mottling virus. (1989)

Full-length cDNA copies of tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) RNA were constructed downstream from bacteriophage T7 or T3 RNA polymerase promoters. The plasmids were designed to produce in vitro transcripts containing, respectively, one or two guanosine residues at the 5' terminus not derived from the TVMV sequence and a single cytidine residue at the 3' terminus following the poly(A) tail. Introduction of transcripts from either plasmid into tobacco mesophyll protoplasts resulted in the accumulation of TVMV coat protein and RNA. Neither coat protein nor viral RNA accumulated in protoplasts inoculated with linearized cDNA or with in vitro transcripts synthesized in the absence of 7-methylguanosine(5')triphospho(5')guanosine (m7GpppG). Tobacco seedlings inoculated with native TVMV RNA developed symptoms a few days before those inoculated with in vitro transcripts; however, 3 weeks after inoculation, the symptoms produced by the two inocula were indistinguishable.
Studies on Condensed Pyrimidine Systems. IV.<sup>1</sup> Some Thiazolo [5,4-d] pyrimidines (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Condensed Pyrimidine Systems. IV.1 Some Thiazolo [5,4-d] pyrimidinesElvira A. Falco and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3203–3205Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a112https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a112research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts