gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Analysis of Indy Race Car Crashes (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the results of an ongoing project in the GM Motorsports Safety Technology Research Program to investigate Indianapolis-type (Indy car) race car crashes using an on-board impact recorder as the primary data collection tool. The paper discusses the development of specifications for the impact-recording device, the selection of the specific recorder and its implementation on a routine basis in Indy car racing. The results from incidents that produced significant data (crashes with peak decelerations above 20 G) during the racing seasons from 1993 through the first half of 1998 are summarized.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The focus on Indy car crashes has proven to provide an almost laboratory-like setting due to the similarity of the cars and to the relative simplicity of the crashes (predominantly planar crashes involving single car impacts against well-defined impact surfaces). The recording of the vehicle decelerations in real racing car crashes adds unique, new information on the impact tolerance of the human body. Over 262 recordings have been catalogued to date. Examples of impact recordings are given which are remarkable in terms of the severity of crashes and, in most cases, the resulting lack of significant injuries. A total of 202 cases with peak decelerations above 20 G are summarized. The mean peak rigid body chassis decelerations for the sample were on the order of 53 G. Peak decelerations in excess of 60 G (some as high as 127 G) have been recorded for significant durations in many frontal, side and rear impacts. Associated mean total velocity change was 28.3 mph for the sample, with some velocity changes as high as 60 to 70 mph.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Using this data to provide new insights into the tolerance of the human body to impact loading will require associated laboratory testing and modeling to obtain specific information on the loads to body regions such as the head and lower extremities. However, the relatively tight coupling of the driver's torso to the chassis allows direct inferences of the loads on the torso, particularly in side impacts. The data calls into question the use of chest acceleration as an injury assessment criterion in both frontal and side impacts.</div>
Organogold(III) Supramolecular Polymers for Anticancer Treatment (2012)

Gold cures: the depicted gold(III) complex self-assembles into supramolecular polymers which form nanofibrillar networks that display sustained cytotoxicity and can also act as carriers for other cytotoxic agents.
Navigating with the IFRS convergence roadmap (2009)

Abstract The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been moving toward letting U.S. firms prepare financial statements using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), “converging” U.S. and international reporting standards. Even firms not otherwise involved in international trade may have to follow IFRSs. The author takes a close look at the SEC's proposed convergence road map, discusses the possible effects of IFRS convergence, pinpoints issues and concerns, and examines strategies to handle the changes ahead. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective-Medium Properties of Cylindrical Transmission-Line Metamaterials (2011)

This letter presents a cylindrical negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterial composed of radially oriented NRI-TL layers. This arrangement introduces radially inhomogeneous and anisotropic effective permeability and permittivity, whose profiles may be extracted from full-wave simulations using a discrete multilayer approximation. It is shown that a cylindrical NRI-TL metamaterial of single-unit-cell thickness may be described as a homogeneous, anisotropic effective medium exhibiting resonances akin to those observed in isotropic cylindrical structures, which may be used to enhance the radiated power of nearby antennas. An analytical formulation describing the near fields, radiation patterns, and power-ratio enhancement displays very good agreement with full-wave simulations.
Reduction of Cytochrome <i>c</i> by Halide-Modified, Laser-Ablated Silver Colloids (1996)

Silver colloids of 20 nm mean particle diameter were prepared by laser ablation and modified by adsorption of iodide and bromide ions. Addition of cytochrome c to this colloid resulted in the reduction of the protein, which was monitored by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering and absorption spectroscopies. Colloidal metal films, prepared from the same Ag colloid, were employed to minimize contributions from aggregation. Effects of surface modification on the Ag plasmon resonance were studied in both colloidal suspensions and colloidal metal films. The conclusion was made that adsorption of I- and Br- results in charging of the Ag particle as a whole and a shift of its potential to more negative values. The donated charge is delocalized in a thin surface layer and does not significantly affect the plasmon resonance frequency of the particle.
Prevention of liver fibrosis by the purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonate (PPADS). (2008)

Blockade of purinergic receptors is a novel approach to prevention of non- biliary liver fibrosis. The primary action of PPADS is to inhibit HSC proliferation and fibrogenesis. Future design of purinergic receptor inhibitors may be an effective pharmacologic treatment to prevent liver fibrosis.
Surgeon Assessment of Renal Preservation with Partial Nephrectomy Provides Information Comparable to Measurement of Volume Preservation with 3-Dimensional Image Analysis (2013)

Surgeon assessment of volume preservation provides a reliable estimate of renal functional preservation with characteristics comparable to those of more time intensive alternatives. We propose that surgeon assessment of volume preservation should be routinely reported to facilitate analysis of partial nephrectomy outcomes.
Antisense oligonucleotide pharmacokinetics and metabolism (2009)

Although there are several different classes of oligonucleotides being developed as therapeutic agents, their pharmacokinetic properties by class are primarily a function of their backbone chemistry and the resulting chemical relationship to biological stability and plasma protein binding properties.
Exploring cultural diversity. (1997)

"Exploring Cultural Diversity" and "Out of the Comfort Zone" are companion articles written from a professor's and student's perspective about experiences in transcultural nursing. The nursing professor describes the planning and implementation phases of the program, and the student describes the life-changing experiences and impressions which occurred. The theory portion of the program takes place at the university in the semester prior to the clinical segment, and the experiential component of the course includes traveling to, living, and practicing within a developing country. A journey to the Dominican Republic in 1994 is recounted. Together the articles emphasize the need for increasing global understanding of the relationship of culture to health in order to promote high level wellness for all the citizens of this planet.
EcoGene: a genome sequence database for Escherichia coli K-12 (2000)

The EcoGene database provides a set of gene and protein sequences derived from the genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. EcoGene is a source of re-annotated sequences for the SWISS-PROT and Colibri databases. EcoGene is used for genetic and physical map compilations in collaboration with the Coli Genetic Stock Center. The EcoGene12 release includes 4293 genes. EcoGene12 differs from the GenBank annotation of the complete genome sequence in several ways, including (i) the revision of 706 predicted or confirmed gene start sites, (ii) the correction or hypothetical reconstruction of 61 frame-shifts caused by either sequence error or mutation, (iii) the reconstruction of 14 protein sequences interrupted by the insertion of IS elements, and (iv) pre-dictions that 92 genes are partially deleted gene fragments. A literature survey identified 717 proteins whose N-terminal amino acids have been verified by sequencing. 12 446 cross-references to 6835 literature citations and s are provided. EcoGene is accessible at a new website: http://bmb.med.miami.edu/EcoGene/EcoWeb. Users can search and retrieve individual EcoGene GenePages or they can download large datasets for incorporation into database management systems, facilitating various genome-scale computational and functional analyses.
Haematopoietic development and leukaemia in Down syndrome (2015)

Children with constitutional trisomy 21 (cT21, Down Syndrome, DS) are at a higher risk for both myeloid and B-lymphoid leukaemias. The myeloid leukaemias are often preceded by a transient neonatal pre-leukaemic syndrome, Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM). TAM is caused by cooperation between cT21 and acquired somatic N-terminal truncating mutations in the key haematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 . These mutations, which are not leukaemogenic in the absence of cT21, are found in almost one-third of neonates with DS. Analysis of primary human fetal liver haematopoietic cells and of human embryonic stem cells demonstrates that cT21 itself substantially alters human fetal haematopoietic development. Consequently, many haematopoietic developmental defects are observed in neonates with DS even in the absence of TAM. Although studies in mouse models have suggested a pathogenic role of deregulated expression of several chromosome 21-encoded genes, their role in human leukaemogenesis remains unclear. As cT21 exists in all embryonic cells, the molecular basis of cT21-associated leukaemias probably reflects a complex interaction between deregulated gene expression in haematopoietic cells and the fetal haematopoietic microenvironment in DS.
Improved Methods for Multivariate Optimization of Field Development Scheduling and Well Placement Design (1998)

Abstract Optimization of reservoir development requires many evaluations of the possible combinations of the decision variables, such as well locations and production scheduling parameters, to obtain the best economic strategies. Running a simulator for such a large number of evaluations may be infeasible due to the computation time involved. This study investigated two multivariate interpolation algorithms, Least Squares and Kriging, to generate new realizations from a limited number of simulations in order to predict the optimal strategies in a field development scheduling project and a waterflood project. The result was a significant reduction in the simulation effort required. The recommended solutions were obtained by searching for the optimal objective function values among the interpolation realizations. Additional simulation runs were performed to refine the search for the final optimal solution in the vicinity of the intermediate optimal region. The net present value was used as the objective function in both projects. The field development scheduling simulation was achieved by an economic model taking account of all the costs and profits during the time period being studied. In the waterflooding application, movement of the waterfront was tracked and the oil and water production at each production well was calculated, after which the optimum well placement strategy was determined. The results obtained using the interpolation methods showed that the algorithms are able to reduce the number of simulation runs, to provide a global sketch of the objective function surface, to avoid possible failure at local optima, and to reach the absolute optimum by refining the grids near the intermediate optima. The approaches were shown to be practical, and will be useful in full-scale optimization problems in which simulation costs would be prohibitive for iterative nonlinear optimization methods.
Carrier Surface Scattering in Silicon Inversion Layers (1964)

The field effect surface-channel conductance and transconductance of both p-type and n-type Si inversion layers were measured as a function of external field. In the small signal region, the channel conductance was found to vary logarithmically with the transverse field. The results are interpreted in terms of reduction of carrier mobility that is due to surface scattering. A model which consists of a uniformly distributed charge layer and self-consistent field is proposed to explain the observed results. It was found that in most samples measured a combination of specular and diffuse scattering is involved. Examples of completely diffuse scattering as well as the diffuse and specular combination are given. The temperature dependence of the surface mobility between 77° and 300°K is presented.
Hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazolyl Moiety as Bioisoster of the Carboxy Function. Synthesis, Ionization Constants, and Pharmacological Characterization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Related Compounds (2006)

Three 4-substituted 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-ols containing aminoalkyl substituents (analogues and homologues of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) were synthesized to investigate the hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazolyl moiety as a bioisoster for a carboxyl group at GABA receptors. The pK(a) values of the target compounds were close to those of GABA. At GABA(A) receptors of cultured cerebral cortical neurons, weak agonist and partial agonist profiles were identified, demonstrating the 4-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl unit to be a nonclassical carboxyl group bioisoster.
The role of facial microexpression state ( <scp>FMES</scp> ) change in the process of conceptual conflict (2013)

Abstract This paper explores whether facial microexpression state ( FMES ) changes can be used to identify moments of conceptual conflict, one of the pathways to conceptual change. It is known that when the preconditions of conceptual conflicts are met and conceptual conflicts are detected in students, it is then possible for conceptual change to take place. There were 102 university and high school students who were involved in this research, and about 80% of the participants held erroneous preconceptions on the scientific topic chosen. The results showed that FMES changes were detected in the majority of the students who made erroneous predictions as they underwent conceptual conflict. Furthermore, the lack of FMES change was shown to indicate a lowered likelihood of conceptual change, while the presence of FMES change doubled the likelihood of conceptual change. The results confirm that FMES can be useful in determining learners’ awareness of conflicting concepts and their progress towards scientific understanding. Educational implications are discussed.
Unsupervised metric fusion by cross diffusion (2012)

Metric learning is n fundamental problem in computer vision. Different features and algorithms may tackle a problem from different angles, and thus often provide complementary information. In this paper; we propose a fusion algorithm which outputs enhanced metrics by combining multiple given metrics (similarity measures). Unlike traditional co-training style algorithms where multi-view features or multiple data subsets are used for classification or regression, we focus on fusing multiple given metrics through diffusion process in an unsupervised way. Our algorithm has its particular advantage when the input similarity' matrices are the outputs from diverse algorithms. We provide both theoretical and empirical explanations to our method. Significant improvements over the state-of-the-art results have been observed on various benchmark datasets. For example, we have achieved 100% accuracy (no longer the bull's eye measure) on the MPEG-7 shape dataset. Our method has a wide range of applications in machine learning and computer vision.
The Structure of Helvolic Acid. III<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Helvolic Acid. III1,2NORMAN L. ALLINGER and JAMES L. COKECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4522–4529Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a078https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An FHIR-based Framework for Consolidation of Augmented EHR from Hospitals for Public Health Analysis (2017)

Health Information Exchanges (HIEs) are the infrastructures for sharing health data between providers, patients, health agencies, researchers and other stakeholders. One of the important stakeholders are the public health policy makers or departments that can base their valuable decisions on real time Electronic Health record (EHR) data in addition to traditional surveillance data. Our proposed framework provides support to public health data systems to integrate data from a heterogeneous EHR and other sources, and consolidate them for public health analysis or mining. Models are created for both hospital EHR and FHIR formats and automated transformations are created to convert EHR to Public Health Record (PHR). This framework provides staff in public health departments a consolidated picture of a population's health based on individual EHR and contextual information such as social, economic, environmental and epidemiology elements. Unlike existing frameworks, this research proposes an infrastructure that sends complete longitudinal story of health record of public health interest instead of aggregated information. The framework also obviates the need for a single EHR format to be followed at every participating healthcare facility. This is done through an adapter at each site. This framework provides a comprehensive means of support for public health agencies to identify the determinants of health based on ground truth when considering priority populations and using EHR data and contextual information to focus public health action.
Gd‐DOTA as a gastrointestinal contrast agent for gastric emptying measurements with MRI (1994)

Current MR meal markers may interfere with gastric motility and secretion restricting the use of MRI in the measurement of gastric physiology. We therefore evaluated Gd-DOTA as a liquid phase marker, in vitro by determining dissociation, and adherence to the solids, and in vivo by simultaneous MRI (0.35 T scanner, multiple T1-weighted sections of the upper abdomen) and double indicator (perfusion marker PEG 4000, meal marker 99mTc-DTPA) measurements of emptying and secretion, following ingestion of 500 ml 10% glucose. In vitro Gd-DOTA was stable at a pH > 2 with < 2% dissociation at 24 h during incubation with HCl. Dissociation during incubation with HCl was linearly dependent on H+ concentration (0.77 < pH < 2.02). Less Gd-DOTA was absorbed onto the solid phase than 99mTc-DTPA (25% cf 36%). In vivo Gd-DOTA marked gastric contents provided strong positive contrast. Similar emptying curves were observed with both MRI and double-indicator techniques (r = 0.987, P < 0.001). Gd-DOTA has the potential to be a useful liquid phase contrast agent in MR studies on gastric function.
Faster Compared With Standard Insulin Aspart During Day-and-Night Fully Closed-Loop Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial (2019)

Fully closed-loop insulin delivery using either faster or standard insulin aspart was safe and efficient in achieving near-normal glucose concentrations outside postprandial periods. The closed-loop algorithm was better adjusted to the standard insulin aspart.
The oxidation products of melatonin derivatives exhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (2008)

It is already well documented that melatonin exhibits strong antioxidant properties. It traps several reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Also, peroxynitrite-induced reactions are inhibited by melatonin. The oxidation of melatonin by singlet molecular oxygen [O(2) ((1)Delta(g))] may produce cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin whose structure we have already studied. In this investigation we report on the synthesis of several melatonin analogues having a carbamate substituent instead of the methoxy group at 5 position of the indole ring. These compounds behave analogously to melatonin with respect to singlet oxygen and produce the corresponding cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin analogues. The structures of the products were investigated with spectral methods and X-ray crystallography. The compounds obtained possess the 2,3,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole heterocyclic system which is a structural motif characteristic of alkaloids, physostigmine and phenserine, that are potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors used in the Alzheimer's disease treatment. We measured the inhibitory activity of the obtained compounds against AChE and BChE from human erythrocytes and serum. In the case of the compounds having a phenylcarbamate and methoxyphenylcarbamate substituents, the inhibitory activity (IC(50)) ranged from 0.252 +/- 0.033 to 3.804 +/- 0.581 microM. Other compounds were less active and showed rather complex interactions with the structure-activity relationship in need of further investigation.
Electric current characteristic of anodic bonding (2015)

In this paper, a novel current–time model of anodic bonding is proposed and verified experimentally in order to investigate underlying mechanisms of anodic bonding and to achieve real-time monitoring of bonding procedure. The proposed model provides a thorough explanation for the electric current characteristic of anodic bonding. More significantly, it explains two issues which other models cannot explain. One is the sharp rise in current when a voltage is initially applied during anodic bonding. The other is the unexpected large width of depletion layers. In addition, enlargement of the intimately contacted area during anodic bonding can be obtained from the proposed model, which can be utilized to monitor the bonding process. To verify the proposed model, Borofloat33 glass and silicon wafers were adopted in bonding experiments in SUSS SB6 with five different bonding conditions (350 °C 1200 V; 370 °C 1200 V; 380 °C 1200 V; 380 °C 1000 V; and 380 °C 1400 V). The results indicate that the observed current data highly coincide with the proposed current-time model. For widths of depletion layers, depth profiling using secondary ion mass spectrometry demonstrates that the calculated values by the model are basically consistent with the experimental values as well.