gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SINGLE STAGE PULSED INDUCTION REACTION ENGINE (1981)

i c t i o n r e a c t I )n engine i s desc r i b e d which uses aluminum o r any o t h e r good meta ll i c conductor as r e a c t i o n mass. A capac i to r d i s charge i s used t o e x c i t e a pu lse c o i l which i s magn e t i c a l l y coupled very s t r o n g l y t o an aluminum f o i l r i n g se rv ing as the r e a c t i o n mass. Th is mass i s r e p e l l e d a t a h i g h v e l o c i t y and vapor izes dur ing t h e d ischarge thus avo id ing the problems of a t r a i l o f s o l i d p a r t i c l e s . V e l o c i t i e s above 1 km/s and acc e l e r a t i o n s o f 10 m i l l i o n gee's o f gram s i z e masses a r e demonstrated. Modeling ind ica tes t h a t a tenf o l d increase i n performance a t above 90 percent e f f i c i e n c y i s poss ib le . S u i t a b l e charg ing and sw i tching schemes f o r a h igh t h r u s t system a r e discussed.
Potent and Selective Ketoamide-Based Inhibitors of Cysteine Protease, Cathepsin K (2004)

Cathepsin K, a lysosomal cysteine protease of the papain superfamily, is abundantly and selectively expressed in osteoclasts, suggesting that this enzyme is crucial for bone resorption. Prevention of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption via inhibition of cathepsin K could be an effective approach to prevent osteoporosis. Potent and selective reversible ketoamide-based inhibitors have been identified in the present study. Using a known crystal structure of a ketoamide-based inhibitor, information from residues that form the P2/P3 pocket was used in the design of inhibitors that could allow for gains in selectivity and potency. Further, incorporation of P' selective heterocycles, along with the P2/P3 modifications, is also described. These modifications have resulted in potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitors that allow for improvements in their physiochemical properties and represent a viable lead series for the discovery of new therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
New Clean Fuel DME (2005)

Abstract Dimethyl Ether(DME) is currently used as propellant of spray can, while it could be a clean and economical alternative fuel if it is produced in a large quantity at low cost. The properties of DME are similar to those of LPG and it can be used for various sectors; household, transportation, power generation, etc. DME can be produced from various resources as natural gas, coal or coal bed methane through synthesis gas. Various utilization technologies for DME are being developed. An innovative process of direct synthesis of DME from synthesis gas has been developed. Newly developed catalyst in a slurry phase reactor gave a high conversion and high selectivity of DME. After pilot plant (5 tons/day) testing, for further technical development to commercialization, demonstration plant (100 tons/day) project has started in 2002 with the Japanese government support. In 2003 and 2004, three continuous test operations of two to three months duration have been successfully conducted. Various process parameters targeted for ATR and DME synthesis were achieved under very stable condition. Based on the obtained data, scale-up studies to a commercial scale plant are underway. Introduction Dimethyl ether (DME) is an innovative clean fuel, as its properties are similar to those of LPG (liquid petroleum gas).Nowadays, DME is used mainly as a propellant for spray cans. Approximately 150,000 tons/year are produced worldwide by a dehydration reaction of methanol. In order to use DME as a fuel, it must be produced at low cost in large quantities. As methanol, itself, is produced from synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide), it would be more efficient to produce DME directly from synthesis gas. We have carried out the technical development of DME direct synthesis process from synthesis gas for the past 15 years. In the fundamental research, a new efficient catalyst and slurry phase process for DME synthesis were developed (1). On these fundamental results, five years development project using a 5 tons/day pilot plant was successfully conducted since 1997 with funds provided by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (2). At this stage, a reformer technology to give adequate synthesis gas was also started to be developed. In 2002, five years development project using 100 tons/day demonstration plant has started by DME Development Co., Ltd. which is a consortium of nine Japanese companies and one French company with funds provided by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (3). In addition to the production technologies, how to transport and utilize DME is extensively investigated in Japan, because DME could be a promising option to diversify energy resources in the future.
Effect of Shrinking Microbubble on Gas Hydrate Formation (2003)

Microbubble technology is now gathering much interest in industrial fields for its excellent gas-dissolving ability. This study was the first trial in using microbubbles in hydrate formation, and it has been demonstrated that a microbubble system is a promising method for hydrate formation for two reasons: (1) its excellent gas-dissolution ability and (2) its ability to make the conditions of hydrate nucleation more mild due to the microbubbles' property of increasing interior gas pressure while decreasing in size under water.
Tumor‐suppressive <i>micro<scp>RNA</scp>‐135a</i> inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting the <i>c‐<scp>MYC</scp></i> oncogene in renal cell carcinoma (2012)

Recently, many studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer cell development, invasion, and metastasis of various types of human cancers. In a previous study, miRNA expression signatures from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) revealed that expression of microRNA-135a (miR-135a) was significantly reduced in cancerous tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of miR-135a and to identify miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways in RCC cells. Restoration of mature miR-135a significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced G0 /G1 arrest in the RCC cell lines caki2 and A498, suggesting that miR-135a functioned as a potential tumor suppressor. We then examined miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways using genome-wide gene expression analysis and in silico analysis. A total of 570 downregulated genes were identified in miR-135a transfected RCC cell lines. To investigate the biological significance of potential miR-135a-mediated pathways, we classified putative miR-135a-regulated genes according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics pathway database. From our in silico analysis, 25 pathways, including the cell cycle, pathways in cancer, DNA replication, and focal adhesion, were significantly regulated by miR-135a in RCC cells. Moreover, based on the results of this analysis, we investigated whether miR-135a targeted the c-MYC gene in RCC. Gain-of-function and luciferase reporter assays showed that c-MYC was directly regulated by miR-135a in RCC cells. Furthermore, c-MYC expression was significantly upregulated in RCC clinical specimens. Our data suggest that elucidation of tumor-suppressive miR-135a-mediated molecular pathways could reveal potential therapeutic targets in RCC.
Surface structure, composition, and polarity of indium nitride grown by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition (2006)

The structure and surface bonding configuration of InN layers grown by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition have been studied. Atomic hydrogen cleaning produced a contamination free surface. Low-energy electron diffraction yielded a 1×1 hexagonal pattern demonstrating a well-ordered c-plane surface. High-resolution electron energy loss spectra exhibited a Fuchs–Kliewer surface phonon and modes assigned to a surface N–H species. Assignments were confirmed by observation of isotopic shifts following atomic deuterium cleaning. No In–H species were observed, and since an N–H termination of the surface was observed, N-polarity indium nitride is indicated.
Bearing cage temperature measurement using radio telemetry (2001)

Two different versions of a temperature telemeter were designed and developed for use in tribological environments and their usefulness as a condition-monitoring instrument for bearings is demonstrated. The first version is a battery-powered telemeter and it is designed to have extremely small size and mass, which are essential for application in rolling element bearings. The second version is a remotely powered design, which has similar features to that of the battery-powered telemeter but provides the advantage of an almost infinite life and even smaller size. The telemeters were installed on the cage of a tapered rolling element bearing and tests were conducted under normal and severe conditions to determine the feasibility of the cage temperature as a condition-monitoring parameter on a bearing. A finite element model of the cage was developed to study and compare with experimental results. The tests conducted indicate that the cage temperature demonstrates a very fast response to tribological changes such as interruption in lubrication supply, speed or torque variation and it is thus a good parameter for determining the temperature condition of a rolling element bearing.
Speech perception problems of the hearing impaired reflect inability to use temporal fine structure (2006)

People with sensorineural hearing loss have difficulty understanding speech, especially when background sounds are present. A reduction in the ability to resolve the frequency components of complex sounds is one factor contributing to this difficulty. Here, we show that a reduced ability to process the temporal fine structure of sounds plays an important role. Speech sounds were processed by filtering them into 16 adjacent frequency bands. The signal in each band was processed by using the Hilbert transform so as to preserve either the envelope (E, the relatively slow variations in amplitude over time) or the temporal fine structure (TFS, the rapid oscillations with rate close to the center frequency of the band). The band signals were then recombined and the stimuli were presented to subjects for identification. After training, normal-hearing subjects scored perfectly with unprocessed speech, and were approximately 90% correct with E and TFS speech. Both young and elderly subjects with moderate flat hearing loss performed almost as well as normal with unprocessed and E speech but performed very poorly with TFS speech, indicating a greatly reduced ability to use TFS. For the younger hearing-impaired group, TFS scores were highly correlated with the ability to take advantage of temporal dips in a background noise when identifying unprocessed speech. The results suggest that the ability to use TFS may be critical for "listening in the background dips." TFS stimuli may be useful in evaluating impaired hearing and in guiding the design of hearing aids and cochlear implants.
InGaN laser diodes on SiC substrates (2002)

Due to the difficulty in making large, high-quality bulk GaN crystals, the selection of a substrate for InGaN laser diodes is still an important problem to be considered. We have reported that SiC is very attractive for the reasons concerning cleavage, thermal and electrical conductivity. In this paper, we introduce the latest characteristics of InGaN laser diodes fabricated on SiC substrates. We also show that the high thermal conductivity of SiC effectively facilitates the heat dissipation from the devices.
The antimicrobial peptide human cationic antimicrobial protein-18/cathelicidin LL-37 as a putative growth factor for malignant melanoma (2010)

Cathelicidin LL-37 was primarily expressed in human malignant skin cancer. LL-37 promoted melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. We report that an increase in the level of LL-37 is associated with malignant skin tumours such as malignant melanoma. These results highlight the importance of LL-37 in the malignant tendency of skin tumours.
New decision support tool for acute lymphoblastic leukemia classification (2012)

In this paper, we build up a new decision support tool to improve treatment intensity choice in childhood ALL. The developed system includes different methods to accurately measure furthermore cell properties in microscope blood film images. The blood images are exposed to series of pre-processing steps which include color correlation, and contrast enhancement. By performing K-means clustering on the resultant images, the nuclei of the cells under consideration are obtained. Shape features and texture features are then extracted for classification. The system is further tested on the classification of spectra measured from the cell nuclei in blood samples in order to distinguish normal cells from those affected by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The results show that the proposed system robustly segments and classifies acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on complete microscopic blood images.
Aspects of the use of electric arc furance dust in concrete (2011)

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a by-product of the electric steelmaking industry produced in large quantities around the world. In Saudi Arabia, a form of EAFD known as Bag House Dust (BHD) is being used in small amounts as concrete additive, because higher levels of addition caused excessive retardation of setting and hardening. The use of this material is recent, therefore little is known about its effects on durability. This research aims to examine effects of BHD additions on certain properties of cement pastes, mortars and concretes, particularly those believed to affect the susceptibility of embedded steel reinforcement to chloride-induced corrosion as this is a major cause of degradation of reinforced concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf region.\n\nStudies of the effects of 2 % BHD addition on pore solution chemistry of hydrated-cement pastes with various levels of internal chloride contamination indicated that both free chloride concentration and hydroxyl ion concentration increased. Electrochemical monitoring of the corrosion behaviour of embedded steel in chloride-contaminated mortars showed that the rates of corrosion were reduced slightly in the presence of BHD.\n\nMeasurements of the coarse capillary porosities of hydrated-cement pastes revealed significantly lower results in 2-3 % BHD-specimens compared to plain cement pastes. Attempts to measure the consequent changes in apparent diffusion coefficients of chloride in related concrete specimens showed that the BHD additions caused no adverse effects on chloride penetration rates.\n\nElectrochemical monitoring of the corrosion behaviour of steel bars embedded in mortars exposed to chloride ingress at 20 °C and 40 °C demonstrated that the threshold chloride level for the initiation of crevice corrosion was significantly increased by the presence of BHD. This was thought to be partly influenced by BHD in reducing bleeding which affects the integrity of the layer of hydration products formed around the steel surface.\n\nHaving found that 2-3.5 % BHD additions had no detrimental effects on the properties studied, the possibility of using chloride-free accelerators to increase levels of BHD addition without causing excessive retardation of cement hydration was investigated. Calcium nitrite and calcium formate were both found to be reasonably effective in increasing the rates of hardening of specimens with 8 % addition of BHD.
Validation of a Flow Cytometry Based Binding Assay for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Recognizing EGF Receptor (2011)

An ideal test used to characterize a product must be appropriate for the measurement of product quality, manufacturing consistency, product stability, and comparability studies. Flow cytometry has been successfully applied to the examination of antibodies and receptors on membrane surfaces; however, to date, the analytical validation of cytometry based assays is limited. Here we report on the validation of a flow cytometry-based assay used in the evaluation of nimotuzumab binding to cells over-expressing EGFR on cell surface. The assay was validated by examining, assay robustness, specificity, repeatability and intermediate precision. The assay was highly specific, robust for all studied factors except for cell fixation with 1% paraformaldehyde and met criteria for precision with RSD < 2%. In addition the assay has stability-indicating properties evidenced by the ability to detect changes in mAb degraded samples. Most importantly, the assay demonstrated to be useful for its intended use.
When is Bit Allocation for Predictive Video Coding Easy? (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of bit allocation among frames in a predictively encoded video sequence. Finding optimal solutions to this problem potentially requires making an exponential number of calls to the encoder. To better understand the structure of the rate-distortion data output by video encoders, a simple model of a sequentially encoded autoregressive Gaussian random field is theoretically investigated. The rate-distortion data for the model exhibits an additive-separability property, i.e. the rate can be decomposed into a sum of independent functions of single distortion variables. This property implies the near-optimal behavior of a non-backtracking steepest-descent (SD) based bit allocation algorithm. The SD algorithm when applied to video coding produces near-optimal solutions by making a linear number of calls to the encoder. Results are presented for MPEG-2 encoding of standard video sequences.
Electrochemical determination of serotonin in urine samples based on metal oxide nanoparticles/MWCNT on modified glassy carbon electrode (2017)

The electrochemical response of serotonin on the modified electrode based on multiwalled-carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) doped respectively with nickel, zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles coating on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) at physiological pH 7 was determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The modified GCE/MWCNT-metal oxide electrodes exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the detection of serotonin at large peak current and lower oxidation potentials compared to other electrodes investigated. The dynamic range for the serotonin determination was between 5.98 × 10− 3 μM to 62.8 μM with detection limits 118, 129 and 166 nM for GCE/MWCNT-NiO, GCE/MWCNT-ZnO and GCE/MWCNT-Fe3O4 sensors respectively. GCE-MWCNT-NiO was the best electrode in terms of serotonin current response, electrode stability, resistance to fouling and limit of detection towards the analyte. The developed sensors were found to be electrochemically stable, reusable, economically effective due to their extremely low operational cost, and have demonstrated good limit of detection, sensitivity and selectivity towards serotonin determination in urine samples.
Fine-steering mirror technology supports 10 nanoradian systems (1990)

The profusion of lasers and related sensors has created new demands for line-of-sight stability in precision pointing devices. Meeting these needs for space-based devices on platforms that vibrate because of moving parts of satellites and structural bending modes presents a problem that needs a technically creative solution. Operational scenarios indude earth observation, surveillance, laser communication, and high-energy lasers. These applications often require the best optical quality available. The difficulty of this design issue is compounded by the friction-induced errors of beam-steering components that have bearings. There is a series of fine-steering mirrors now available that meets these needs in space, aircraft, and land vehicles, as well as stationary environments. These mirrors are based on reactionless concepts that cancel steering forces and torques at the point where they are generated. Also important is the use of highly linear actuators, sensors, and suspensions. Suspensions are made to avoid bending the mirror, which is designed to be stiff and light for achieving high bandwidth. Technological progress has been made in developing high-bandwidth fine-steering mirrors by solving critical design issues associated with wavefront quality, positioning accuracy, and quick and fast operation. These issues affect the design of the suspension, actuators, mirror, sensors, and reaction cancellation components. This paper explains some of the techniques we use to achieve 1/20 wave surface accuracy over a 7 in. mirror surface, positioning accuracy of 0.02% of the travel range, 5000 rad/s2 acceleration, and control bandwidths up to 4000 Hz. Although individual mirror designs cannot meet all of these performance parameters simultaneously, any of these can be met and all of these can be approached in various combinations. Tests on these mirrors, when operating in a tracking configuration with a low-noise optical sensor, show that they can achieve line-of-sight stability as low as 10 nrad.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CYBER INCIDENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS IN INDONESIA (2020)

Maraknya serangan siber yang terjadi di Indonesia berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya insiden pada institusi/perusahaan. Guna mengantisipasi terjadinya insiden, maka setiap institusi/perusahaan dapat mempersiapkan diri dengan melakukan penerapan manajemen insiden yang baik. Banyak framework manajemen insiden yang dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dalam penerapannnya. Namun disisi lain, terkadang pada institusi/perusahaan kesulitan dalam memilih framework mana tepat dan cocok untuk mereka gunakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis perbandingan terhadap data berasal dari studi pustaka dan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan framework SIM3 dan CREST. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan pada 2 (dua) framework manajemen insiden yang dibandingkan. Perbedaan tersebut dilihat dari sisi pendefinisian skema pelevelan aktifitas, pendefinisian tingkat kematangan penerapan manajemen insiden, dan jumlah aktifitas dalam framework yang dapat diimplementasikan. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini, setiap institusi/perusahaan mendapatkan gambaran terkait framework mana yang akan digunakan serta pendekatan tingkat level mana yang sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kebutuhan institusi/perusahaan dalam menerapkan manajemen insiden siber.
A Brief Survey of Pineal Gland-Immune System Interrelationships (1992)

The present paper summarizes evidence that support the hypothesis of the existence of bilateral interactions between pineal gland and the immune system. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments show that the pineal gland, via its hormone melatonin, enhances immune function. Mechanisms involved in this immunostimulatory effect are not well understood, but some evidence suggests the existence of specific binding sites for melatonin on immune cells. Moreover, the release of opioid peptides and interleukin-2 by T-helper cells may also participate in this mechanism by activating, at least natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Some immune signals, i.e., gamma-interferon, may be involved in regulating pineal function, thereby representing a regulatory mechanism in the opposite direction. The physiological and clinical significance of these data remains to be studied.