gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Day-to-Day Variability of Serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels (1990)

The National Cholesterol Education Program has recently published guidelines for the assessment of cardiovascular risk and goals for laboratory accuracy. To test the impact of biologic and analytic variability on the ability of a single lipid measurement to assess risk accurately, lipids were measured on three occasions in 51 volunteers. Notable day-to-day variability of total cholesterol (5%), triglyceride (20%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10%), and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (8%) levels was found. Analytic variability contributed significantly to total variability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Confidence intervals constructed around National Cholesterol Education Program cutoff points suggested that classification was reliable from a single measurement if total cholesterol value was below 4.78 (<185 mg/DL), between 5.56 and 5.81 (215 and 225 mg/DL), or above 6.59 mmol/L (>225 mg/dL). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value classification from a single measurement was only accurate at below 3.00 (<1166 mg/dL) or above 4.50 mmol/L (>174 mg/dL). This study documents significant day-to-day variability of serum lipids and suggests that patients near the National Cholesterol Education Program cutoff points may require repeated measurements to assign risk accurately. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1990;150:1653-1657)
파압에 의한 해안구조물-해저지반의 침하거동에 대한 수치해석 (2013)

태풍에 의해 발생된 파랑하중에 의해 방파제, 안벽 등과 같은 해안구조물 하부의 해저지반 침하가 발생될 수 있다. 만약 해저지반이 모래인 경우, 잔류과잉간극수압발생과 반복적인 파랑하중에 의해 해저지반의 침하현상이 더 발생될 확률이 높아질 것이다. 그러나 대부분의 해안구조물은 설계에서 파랑하중을 정적상태의 등분포하중으로 구조물에만 작용하는 것으로 가정하고 있지만 실제로는 동적인 파랑하중이 구조물과 해저지반에 동시에 작용한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시간에 따른 실제파압을 고려하고, 구조물뿐만 아니라 해저지반에도 작용하는 것으로 고려하였다. 수치해석 결과 파랑하중이 구조물과 해저지반에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 시간에 따른 해저지반의 변형거동이 해석되었으며 해저지반에서 유효응력의 변화와 유효응력경로의 변화를 분명하게 확인할 수 있었다.
Human Response to <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 Infection: Antibodies to Secreted Virulence Factors (2000)

Vaccination has been proposed for the prevention of disease due to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), but the immune response following human infection, including the choice of potential antigens, has not been well characterized. To study this, sera were obtained from five pediatric patients with acute diarrhea caused by E. coli O157:H7 0, 8, and 60 days after hospitalization. These sera were used to examine the immune response to four different EHEC virulence factors: Tir (translocated intimin receptor, which is inserted into the host cell membrane), intimin (bacterial outer membrane protein which binds to Tir), EspA (secreted protein which forms filamentous structures on EHEC surface), and EspB (inserted into the host membrane and cytoplasm). The response to O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide was also examined. Sera were assayed against purified recombinant proteins using immunoblot analysis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the sera's titers to each of the antigens in all patients. We found that there was little reaction to EspA, EspB, and intimin in the acute-phase sera, although there was some reactivity to Tir. By day 8, titers of antibody to all four virulence factors were present in all patients, with a very strong response against Tir (up to a titer of 1:256,000), especially in hemolytic-uremic syndrome patients, and lesser strong responses to the other three antigens. The titer to the antigens 60 days after hospitalization was decreased but was still highest for Tir. These results suggest that there is a strong immune response to Tir, and to a lesser extent to the other three virulence factors, following EHEC disease, indicating that these bacterial molecules are potential vaccine candidates for preventing EHEC disease. They also suggest that bacterial virulence factors that are inserted into host cells during infection by type III secretion systems (Tir or EspB) are still recognized by the host immune response.
Simultaneous multislice acquisition with arterial‐flow tagging (SMART) using echo planar imaging (EPI) (1998)

Abstract Arterial spin tagging techniques have been used to image tissue perfusion in MR without contrast injection or ionizing radiation. Currently, spin tagging studies are performed primarily using single‐slice imaging sequences, which are time consuming. This note reports a multislice echo‐planar arterial spin tagging technique (Simultaneous Multislice Acquisition with aRterial‐flow Tagging, or “SMART”). Multiband RF encoding (Hadamard) is used to provide simultaneous multislice acquisition capability for spin tagging techniques (such as echo planar imaging signal targeting with alternating radio frequency and flow‐sensitive alternative inversion recovery). The method is illustrated with a two‐slice pulse sequence that was implemented using the FAIR technique to generate two perfusion weighted images simultaneously. Compared with single‐slice sequences, this two‐slice sequence provided similar image quality, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and twice the spatial coverage compared with the single‐slice technique within the same scan time.
Chirality effect of single-wall carbon nanotubes on field emission (2003)

The chirality effect of an opened-end single-wall carbon nanotube on field emission is studied by using the tunneling theory with the tight-binding approximation. The characteristic of the emission-current line density versus field is found to be dependence on the chirality of nanotubes. A metallic tube has a line density higher than that of a semiconducting one. Also, for semiconducting tubes, a tube of larger chiral angle has a line density higher than that of smaller chiral angle; a zigzag semiconducting tube has a smallest line density among the others. Further, the Fowler–Nordheim plots may have a nonlinear behavior in high current region. Finally, at temperature T&lt;1000 K, the emission current is almost independent of temperature. Our results are explained by the energy band structure of nanotubes.
Design Challenges of Millimeter Wave Communications: A MAC Layer Perspective (2014)

As the spectrum is becoming more scarce due to exponential demand of formidable data quantities, the new millimiterwave (mmW) band is considered as an enabling player of 5G communications to provide multi-gigabits wireless acccess. MmW communications exhibit high attenuation and blockage, directionality due to massive beamforming, deafness, low-interference, and may need micro waves networks for coordination and fallback support. The current mmW standardizations are challenged by the overwhelming complexity given by such heterogeneous communication systems and mmW band characteristics. This demands new substantial protocol developments at all layers. In this paper, the medium access control issues for mmW communications are reviewed. It is discussed that while existing standards address some of these issues for personal and local area networks, little has been done for cellular networks. It is argued that the medium access control layer should be equipped with adaptation mechanisms that are aware of the special mmW characteristics. Recommendations for mmW medium access control design in 5G are provided. It is concluded that the design of efficient access control techniques for mmW is in its infancy and much work still has to be done.
User-adaptive home video summarization using personal photo libraries (2007)

In this paper, we propose a user-adaptive video summarization system which accounts for individual preferences by analyzing contents of the user's personal photo library. Nowadays, it is common practice for people to keep thousands of photos in their PCs, taken with their digital cameras. Due to the similarities in characteristics between video and still photos, we assume that these libraries can be used to infer each user's preferences on video summarization. The system uses image classification techniques to determine which sections of the movie are "important" to the user, and performs summarization by cutting off sections regarded as unimportant, while taking care not to overly disrupt the continuity of the video. We have implemented a prototype of the system, and conducted a series of evaluation tests to assess its effectiveness. The results show that our overall approach has the potential to serve as a powerful automatic/semi-automatic video summarization solution.
An Ultra-Low Power, “Always-On” Camera Front-End for Posture Detection in Body Worn Cameras Using Restricted Boltzman Machines (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoTs) has triggered rapid advances in sensors, surveillance devices, wearables and body area networks with advanced Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). One such application area is the adoption of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement officials. The need to be ‘always-on’ puts heavy constraints on battery usage in these camera front-ends, thus limiting their widespread adoption. Further, the increasing number of such cameras is expected to create a data deluge, which requires large processing, transmission and storage capabilities. Instead of continuously capturing and streaming or storing videos, it is prudent to provide “smartness” to the camera front-end. This requires hardware assisted image recognition and template matching in the front-end, capable of making judicious decisions on when to trigger video capture or streaming. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) based neural networks have been shown to provide high accuracy for image recognition and are well suited for low power and re-configurable systems. In this paper we propose an RBM based “always-on’’ camera front-end capable of detecting human posture. Aggressive behavior of the human being in the field of view will be used as a wake-up signal for further data collection and classification. The proposed system has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7VX485T platform. A minimum dynamic power of 19.18 mW for a target recognition accuracy while maintaining real time constraints has been measured. The hardware-software co-design illustrates the trade-offs in the design with respect to accuracy, resource utilization, processing time and power. The results demonstrate the possibility of a true “always-on” body-worn camera system in the IoT environment.
Life-Cycling of Cancer: New Concept (2013)

The basic questions about cancer must be answered to demystify this scary disease and solve the “Oncogenic Paradox” described by the Nobel Prize laureate Albert Szent-Gyorgyi [1]: “The malignant transformation of tissues ... is a very specific process which must involve very specific changes in a very specific chemical machinery. Accordingly, one would expect that such transformation can be brought about only by a very specific process, as locks can be opened only by their own keys. Contrary to this, a malignant transformation can be brought about by an infinite number of unspecific influences, such as pieces of asbestos, high-energy radiation, irritation, chemicals, viruses, etc. It is getting more and more difficult to find something that is not carcinogenic”.
Remote control android application for second screen DTV environment (2014)

Living room is a shared space, in which families carry out their daily routines. The proliferation of personal devices (handhelds or laptops) has modified traditional family behaviors including watching television. Great improvement of hardware performance for handheld devices such as tablets and smartphones is the main reason of their increased usage as a second screen device and their newly acquired popularity with digital TV vendors. In this paper, one proposal of system architecture and SW framework for a second screen concept is presented. The paper focuses on implementation of DVB multimedia second screen broadcasting, providing live TV and mosaic content as well as other digital television services such as: EPG, teletext, subtitles, PVR, and remote controller for the TV or STB on the second screen.
Laser radar for remote detection of oil spills (1978)

A laser radar system that is capable of remotely detecting oil spills, in the daytime and at night, in sea water has been developed. The system employs the second harmonic and fourth harmonic of a repetitively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as the light sources and a gated optical multichannel analyzer as a high speed detection device. The results show that the comparison of backscattering spectra obtained from different samples enables us to detect and characterize oil spills in sea water. Raman backscattering and backscattered fluorescence of kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, and sea water have been investigated both in the laboratory and in the harbor of Seto Inland Sea of Japan by using the laser radar system described above. The SNR of this laser radar system for the detection of Raman backscattering of kerosene and fluorescence of oil is also described.
A baseline study of vicine–convicine levels in faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) germplasm (2013)

Vicine and convicine are anti-nutritional compounds that accumulate in the cotyledons of faba beans. When humans consume beans with high levels of these compounds, it can cause a condition called favism in individuals harbouring a deficiency in the activity of their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. When faba beans are used in animal feeds, there can be effects on performance. These concerns have resulted in increasing interest within plant breeding in developing low vicine and convicine faba bean germplasm. In order to facilitate this objective, we developed a rapid and robust screening method for vicine and convicine, capable of distinguishing between faba beans that are either high (wild type) or low in vicine and convicine. In the absence of reliable commercial reference materials, we report an adaptation of a previously published method where a biochemical assay and spectral data were used to confirm the identity of our analytes, vicine and convicine. This method could be readily adopted in other facilities and open the way to the efficient exploitation of diverse germplasm in regions where faba beans play a significant role in human nutrition. We screened a collection of germplasm of interest to a collaborative plant breeding programme developing between the National Institute for Agricultural Botany in the UK and L'Institut Nationale d'Agronomie de Tunisie in Tunisia. We report the results obtained and discuss the prospects for developing molecular markers for the low vicine and convicine trait.
Dahrendorf as champion of a liberal society–border crossings between political practice and sociopolitical theory (2019)

Ralf Dahrendorf is internationally known for his work on role and conflict theory but rather less so for his large body of writing on liberalism, civil society, and the constitutional concept of freedom, little of which has been translated into English or other languages. Focusing on Dahrendorf’s German-language publications, the present article addresses this gap. In developing his concept of liberalism and its implications for practical politics, Dahrendorf centrally invokes his theory of roles—the roles the individual is called upon to play—and strongly defends the individual against the behavioral expectations of society. And from his fundamental thesis of the productivity of regulated conflicts he concludes that such conflicts are fundamental to a free society: a society in which errors can always be revised. In his later publications, the social question of maximizing individual opportunities in life (or what he called life chances) became more central. Even after his death in 2009, Dahrendorf’s ideas have continued to influence discussion about the development of a liberal society.
Enzyme activities and antifungal action of fertilization envelope extract from fish eggs (1991)

Abstract Extracts from fertilization envelopes (FE) of activated eggs of two species of fish, Plecoglossus altivelis and Tribolodon hakonensis , have been demonstrated to contain carboxymethylcellulase, carboxymethylchitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase (or laminaranase), lichenase, xylanase, dextranase, mannase, protease, and lysozyme activities by an agar plate method. Vitelline envelope (VE) extracts in contrast had no enzyme activities. The FE extracts exerted an antifungal or fungicidal action on the fungus Saprolegnia parasitica which was isolated from the body surface of a carp with mycosis. Inhibition of hyphal growth from the mycelial pieces was time‐dependent. The VE extracts had no antifungal action. FE extracts treated with pronase exerted no antifungal or fungicidal action on S. parasitica , but trypsinized FE extracts still retained their antifungal or fungicidal effect. These results suggest that the FE may be able to protect the embryo through enzymatic activity, which is acquired after the process of cortical reaction, and may help to degrade the cell walls of potential pathogens.
Stimulated Cores and their Applications in Medical Imaging (1994)

Representing geometric properties of objects in medical images independent of object size necessarily requires a multiscale, or scale space, analysis. We describe means called cores for representing middle and width properties of greyscale image objects via scale space measurements and describe an efficient algorithm for their computation called stimulated cores. We present applications of stimulated cores in a variety of medical imaging tasks.
A self-balancing direct current comparator for 20 000 amperes (1965)

The direct current comparator is a current ratio device which uses a two-core magnetic modulator as an ampere-turn balance detector. The applications of this comparator to precision measurements are very limited, unless it is made self-balancing by feedback. A transistorized self-balancing direct current comparator for 20 000 amperes which employs two stages to obtain a maximum ratio of 20 000/1 is described. The self-balancing circuit has a range of ±10 percent and an open loop gain of over 10 000. An analysis is made of the errors of the comparator including the effects of large external magnetic fields, magnetic memory, and alternating currents in the ratio windings. The total error increases with the amount of self-balancing required, but does not exceed 10 parts per million, provided the comparator is operated near its rated ampere-turn level. Applications of the comparator to the calibration of transductors (tic current transformers) and dc shunts at full rated current are discussed.
Tissue-characterization of the prostate using radio frequency ultrasonic signals (1999)

In this paper, we will present a complete method and system for the detection of prostatic carcinoma, providing color-coded images of the estimated probability of malignancy by processing radio-frequency ultrasonic echo signals. For this, a hardware setup based on a conventional diagnostic sonograph was realized. The image-processing software works on ultrasound images automatically segmented into regions of about 3x3.5 mm. System-dependent effects, as well as tissue attenuation, were measured and compensated for. Tissue-characterisation parameters, which have been used successfully by other authors, were calculated for each segment. To demonstrate the methods of selection of relevant parameters and comparison of different classifiers, a first clinical study using data of 33 patients with local prostatic carcinoma was performed. For these patients, location and extent of the carcinoma were known from histological findings after radical prostatectomy. Classifiers investigated during the study were: the linear and quadratic Bayes classifier, a nearest neighbor classifier, and several classifiers based on Kohonen-maps. The best classifier was used to calculate color-coded result images. Applying a threshold of 50% to the estimated probability of malignancy, produced the encouraging results of 82 and 88% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Supra-Molecular EcoBioNanocomposites Based on Polylactide and Cellulosic Nanowhiskers: Synthesis and Properties (2012)

Successful filler dispersion and establishment of good interfacial contact with the surrounding matrix are essential for optimized reinforcement in polymeric nanocomposites. In particular, in renewable-based composites this can be challenging, where hydrophilic attractions between nanofillers facilitate aggregation. Here an innovative approach to prepare cellulosic nanowhisker (CNW) reinforced polylactide (PLA) is presented. The lactide ring-opening polymerization is initiated from CNW surface hydroxyl groups after partial acetylation to control the grafting density. Grafting of PLA chains is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The resulting nanocomposites display exceptional properties; a heat distortion temperature of 120 °C is achieved at 10 wt % CNW loading and can be further enhanced to reach 150 °C at 15 wt % CNW. The formation of a percolating network is verified by comparison of modulus data with an established theoretical model. Additionally, nucleation by CNWs reduces the crystallization half-time to 15 s compared with 90 s for PLA. Melt-pressed films retain transparency indicating good filler dispersion.
HVAC system dynamics and energy use in existing buildings - Part I. (1984)

Presentation des resultats initiaux du projet ASHRAE RP 321 intitule «Dynamique des systemes de conditionnement d'air et utilisation de l'energie dans les immeubles existants»: description du systeme etudie et des modeles d'ordinateur developpes, comparaison de ces modeles avec des donnees existantes, et resultats d'essais de reponse de l'equipement de conditionnement d'air
The HNRC 500-Neuropsychology of Hiv infection at different disease stages (1995)

The present study examined neuropsychological (NP) functioning and associated medical, neurological, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychiatric findings in 389 nondemented males infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1), and in 111 uninfected controls. Using a comprehensive NP test battery, we found increased rates of impairment at each successive stage of HIV infection. HIV-related NP impairment was generally mild, especially in the medically asymptomatic stage of infection, and most often affected attention, speed of information processing, and learning efficiency; this pattern is consistent with earliest involvement of subcortical or frontostriatal brain systems. NP impairment could not be explained on the bases of mood disturbance, recreational drug or alcohol use, or constitutional symptoms; by contrast, impairment in HIV-infected subjects was related to central brain atrophy on MRI, as well as to evidence of cellular immune activation and neurological abnormalities linked to the central nervous system.
A voltage-source inverter using IGBTs for a 50 kHz 10 kV corona surface treater (2003)

The authors describe a 50 kHz 5 kVA voltage-source inverter using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), a series-resonant circuit including a step-up transformer of turn ratio 1:10, and a corona surface treater. The series-resonant circuit is used as a matching circuit between the inverter of output voltage 250 V and the corona surface treater of input voltage 10 kV. Experimental results obtained from the prototype inverter system are shown to verify the stable inverter operation and proper corona discharge irrespective of load conditions. The estimated inverter efficiency is 95%, and the measured overall efficiency of the system is 74%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-resolution wide-field imaging of perfused capillaries without the use of contrast agent (2011)

Optical imaging of retinal capillaries in human patients based on motion contrast is noninvasive, comfortable, safe, and can be repeated as often as required for early diagnosis, treatment guidance, and follow up of retinal disease progression.