gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gluconic Acid Production (2007)

Gluconic acid, the oxidation product of glucose, is a mild neither caustic nor corrosive, non toxic and readily biodegradable organic acid of great interest for many applications. As a multifunctional carbonic acid belonging to the bulk chemicals and due to its physiological and chemical characteristics, gluconic acid itself, its salts (e.g. alkali metal salts, in especially sodium gluconate) and the gluconolactone form have found extensively versatile uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, construction and other industries. Present review article presents the comprehensive information of patent bibliography for the production of gluconic acid and compares the advantages and disadvantages of known processes. Numerous manufacturing processes are described in the international bibliography and patent literature of the last 100 years for the production of gluconic acid from glucose, including chemical and electrochemical catalysis, enzymatic biocatalysis by free or immobilized enzymes in specialized enzyme bioreactors as well as discontinuous and continuous fermentation processes using free growing or immobilized cells of various microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast-like fungi and fungi. Alternatively, new superior fermentation processes have been developed and extensively described for the continuous and discontinuous production of gluconic acid by isolated strains of yeast-like mold Aureobasidium pullulans, offering numerous advantages over the traditional discontinuous fungi processes.
Gossamer Superconductor, Mott Insulator, and Resonating Valence Bond State in Correlated Electron Systems (2003)

Gutzwiller variational method is applied to an effective two-dimensional Hubbard model to examine the recently proposed gossamer superconductor by Laughlin (LANL cond-mat/0209269). The ground state at half filled electron density is a gossamer superconductor for smaller intrasite Coulomb repulsion U and a Mott insulator for larger U. The gossamer superconducting state is similar to the resonating valence bond superconducting state, except that the chemical potential is approximately pinned at the mid of the two Hubbard bands away from the half filled.
SORBENTS FOR OIL SPILL REMOVAL (1971)

ABSTRACT Materials that float on water, attract and absorb oil and can easily be removed from the water constitute one of the most effective means for completely separating spilled oil from the water environment. Three classes of materials can be used for this purpose inorganic products, natural organic products and synthetic organic products. Several examples of each of these classes are evaluated for their potential use as sorbents. Laboratory procedures are utilized to determine oil and water sorption capacity, oil retention capacity, buoyancy with and without absorbed oil, effect of petroleum product variation, and sorbent/oil coherence. Of twenty sorbent materials evaluated, the polymeric foams exhibited the highest sorption capacities for oils. These foams also absorb water. While this reduces their capacity for oil, some of the foams still retain a high sorption capacity. On the average, much lower oil sorption capacities were exhibited by the inorganic and the natural organic materials.
2016 AAHA Oncology Guidelines for Dogs and Cats* (2016)

All companion animal practices will be presented with oncology cases on a regular basis, making diagnosis and treatment of cancer an essential part of comprehensive primary care. Because each oncology case is medically unique, these guidelines recommend a patient-specific approach consisting of the following components: diagnosis, staging, therapeutic intervention, provisions for patient and personnel safety in handling chemotherapy agents, referral to an oncology specialty practice when appropriate, and a strong emphasis on client support. Determination of tumor type by histologic examination of a biopsy sample should be the basis for all subsequent steps in oncology case management. Diagnostic staging determines the extent of local disease and presence or absence of regional or distant metastasis. The choice of therapeutic modalities is based on tumor type, histologic grade, and stage, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and adjunctive therapies, such as nutritional support and pain management. These guidelines discuss the strict safety precautions that should be observed in handling chemotherapy agents, which are now commonly used in veterinary oncology. Because cancer is often a disease of older pets, the time of life when the pet-owner relationship is usually strongest, a satisfying outcome for all parties involved is highly dependent on good communication between the entire healthcare team and the client, particularly when death or euthanasia of the patient is being considered. These guidelines include comprehensive tables of common canine and feline cancers as a resource for case management and a sample case history.
A multi-scale approach to 3D scattered data interpolation with compactly supported basis functions (2003)

We propose a hierarchical approach to 3D scattered data interpolation with compactly supported basis functions. Our numerical experiments suggest that the approach integrates the best aspects of scattered data fitting with locally and globally supported basis functions. Employing locally supported functions leads to an efficient computational procedure, while a coarse-to-fine hierarchy makes our method insensitive to the density of scattered data and allows us to restore large parts of missed data. Given a point cloud distributed along a surface, we first use spatial down sampling to construct a coarse-to-fine hierarchy of point sets. Then we interpolate the sets starting from the coarsest level. We interpolate a point set of the hierarchy, as an offsetting of the interpolating function computed at the previous level. An original point set and its coarse-to-fine hierarchy of interpolated sets is presented. According to our numerical experiments, the method is essentially faster than the state-of-the-art scattered data approximation with globally supported RBFs (Carr et al., 2001) and much simpler to implement.
Preoperative Evaluation of Patients Before Cataract and Refractive Surgery (2011)

International Ophthalmology Clinics: Spring 2011 - Volume 51 - Issue 2 - p 97-107 doi: 10.1097/IIO.0b013e31820f1f76
Role of laminin receptor in tumor cell migration. (1987)

Polyclonal antisera were made against biochemically purified laminin receptor protein as well as against synthetic peptides deduced from a complementary DNA clone corresponding to the COOH-terminal end of the laminin receptor (U.M. Wewer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83: 7137-7141, 1986). These antisera were used to study the potential role of laminin receptor in laminin-mediated attachment and haptotactic migration of human A2058 melanoma cells. The anti-laminin receptor antisera reacted with the surface of suspended, nonpermeabilized melanoma and carcinoma cells. The anti-laminin receptor antisera blocked the surface interaction of A2058 cells with endogenous laminin, resulting in the inhibition of laminin-mediated cell attachment. The A2058 melanoma cells migrated toward a gradient of solid phase laminin or fibronectin (haptotaxis). Anti-laminin antiserum abolished haptotaxis on laminin but not on fibronectin. Synthetic peptide GRGDS corresponding to the fibronectin cell-binding domain inhibited haptotaxis on fibronectin but not on laminin. Both types of anti-laminin receptor antisera inhibited haptotaxis on laminin but not on fibronectin. Using immunohistochemistry, invading human carcinoma cells in vivo exhibited a marked cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for the receptor antigen. Together these findings indicate a specific role for the laminin receptor in laminin-mediated migration and that the ligand binding of the laminin receptor is encompassed in the COOH-terminal end of the protein.
The use of GPS arrays in detecting the ionospheric response during rocket launchings (2014)

In this paper we investigate the form and dynamics of shock acoustic waves (SAW) generated during the rocket Proton launching from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 1998 and 1999. In spite of the difference of geophysical conditions, the ionospheric response for all launchings has a period of about 300 s and the amplitude exceeding background fluctuations under quiet and moderate geomagnetic conditions by factors of 2 to 5 as a minimum. The angle of elevation of the SAW wave vector varies from 45° to 60°, and the SAW phase velocity (900–1200 m/s) approaches the sound velocity at heights of the ionospheric F region maximum. The position of the SAW source, inferred by neglecting refraction corrections, corresponds to the segment of the rockets path at a distance no less than 700–900 km from the launch pad, which is consistent with the estimated delay time of SAW source triggering (250–300 s).
van der Waals epitaxy of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride on copper foil: growth, crystallography and electronic band structure (2015)

We investigate the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on copper foil by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LP-CVD). At low pressure, h-BN growth proceeds through the nucleation and growth of triangular islands. Comparison between the orientation of the islands and the local crystallographic orientation of the polycrystalline copper foil reveals an epitaxial relation between the copper and h-BN, even on Cu(100) and Cu(110) regions whose symmetry is not matched to the h-BN. However, the growth rate is faster and the islands more uniformly oriented on Cu(111) grains. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal a well-defined band structure for the h-BN, consistent with a band gap of 6 eV, that is decoupled from the copper surface beneath. These results indicate that, despite a weak interaction between h-BN and copper, van der Waals epitaxy defines the long range ordering of h-BN even on polycrystalline copper foils and suggest that large area, single crystal, monolayer h-BN could be readily and cheaply produced.
Two rings in them all: The labdane-related diterpenoids (2010)

Covering: up to the end of March 2010
The Tumor Suppressive MicroRNA <i>miR-218</i> Targets the mTOR Component <i>Rictor</i> and Inhibits AKT Phosphorylation in Oral Cancer (2011)

The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is rising rapidly in developed countries, posing a growing challenge due to the poor management of this type of malignancy at present. In this study, we profiled tumor suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) that are silenced by DNA hypermethylation in OSCC using a function-based screening approach. This approach employed a cell proliferation assay for 327 synthetic miRNAs in two OSCC cell lines. Among the 110 miRNAs identified in this set that exhibited inhibitory properties, we compared DNA methylation and expression status in a wider panel of OSCC cell lines and primary tumor tissues, resulting in the identification of miR-218 and miR-585 as functionally significant miRNA genes that are frequently silenced in OSCC by DNA hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of miR-218 and miR-585 in OSCC cells lacking endogenous expression reduced cell growth in part through caspase-mediated apoptosis. Notably, miR-218 reduced levels of the rapamycin-insensitive component of mTOR, Rictor, in a manner associated with a suppression of Akt S473 phosphorylation. Together our findings define miR-585 as a tumor suppressive function that is often epigenetically silenced in OSCC, and they identify Rictor as a novel target of miR-218, suggesting that activation of the mTOR-Akt signaling pathway induced by Rictor contributes centrally to oral carcinogenesis.
TACE (ADAM17) inhibits Schwann cell myelination (2011)

Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE; also known as ADAM17) is a proteolytic sheddase that is responsible for the cleavage of several membrane-bound molecules. We report that TACE cleaves neuregulin-1 (NRG1) type III in the epidermal growth factor domain, probably inactivating it (as assessed by deficient activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase pathway), and thereby negatively regulating peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of TACE in vitro in dorsal root ganglia neurons accelerates the onset of myelination and results in hypermyelination. In agreement, motor neurons of conditional knockout mice lacking TACE specifically in these cells are significantly hypermyelinated, and small-caliber fibers are aberrantly myelinated. Further, reduced TACE activity rescues hypomyelination in NRG1 type III haploinsufficient mice in vivo. We also show that the inhibitory effect of TACE is neuron-autonomous, as Schwann cells lacking TACE elaborate myelin of normal thickness. Thus, TACE is a modulator of NRG1 type III activity and is a negative regulator of myelination in the PNS.
Intraperitoneal Gossypibomas: The Need to Count Sponges (2000)

Intraperitoneal forgotten foreign bodies are prone to create adhesions and to encapsulate, or to provoke an exudative response, with or without accompanying bacterial infection. Often a process of self-extrusion is initiated. This is also true for gossypibomas, retained surgical sponges. Presentation is possible as a pseudotumoral, occlusive, or septic syndrome; several cases, however, have remained asymptomatic for as long as several decades. Ultrasonography and radiology (especially computed tomography) contribute significantly to the detection of gossypibomas; magnetic resonance imaging is a less used technique. Detection by plain radiography is difficult. Ultrasonography demonstrates a hyperreflective mass with hypoechoic rim and a strong posterior shadow. Computed tomography shows a well defined mass with internal heterogeneous densities. Therapy consists of operative removal of the foreign body in association with resolving its complications. Adding a series of five cases to the existing literature reports, the fate of intraperitoneal forgotten surgical sponges is reviewed.
Microstereolithography and other Fabrication Techniques for 3D MEMS (2001)

Preface. Microelectromechanical Systems. Fundamentals of Polymer Synthesis for MEMS. Stereolithography (SL). Microstereolithography Techniques I--Scanning Method. Microstereolithography Techniques II--Projection Method. Polymeric MEMS Architecture with Silicon, Metal, and Ceramics. Combined Silicon and Polymeric Structures. Micromolding. Applications. Appendix 1: Some Polymers for MEMS. Appendix 2: An Example of CAD Model and NC Codes for Microstereolithography. Index.
Negative growth selection against rodent fibroblasts targeted for genetic inhibition of farnesyl transferase. (1993)

The Ras oncoprotein must be modified by farnesyl transferase (FTase) for biological activity. Therefore, inhibition of FTase may offer a means to block ras induced cell transformation. To address this hypothesis, we have introduced antisense and dominant inhibitory FTase expression plasmids into a panel of normal, mutant ras-, and mos- transformed rodent fibroblasts in an effort to genetically suppress FTase activity. Antisense FTase constructs reduced colony formation efficiency approximately 29% in normal and approximately 41% in ras-transformed cells relative to control plasmids. In contrast, antisense FTase plasmids did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on colony formation efficiency in mos-transformed transfectants. FTase alpha N199K is a mutant form of the alpha subunit of FTase that exhibits dominant inhibitory activity versus native FTase. Only mos-transformed transfectants exhibited expression of alpha N199K RNA in 15 of 16 fibroblast lines that were randomly selected and characterized. Our data suggest that genetic inhibition of FTase may result in a selection against animal cell growth.
Brasilien. Sozial- und wirtschaftsräumliche Disparitäten - regionale Dynamiken (2010)

Seit jeher ist Brasilien durch wirtschaftliche, soziale und räumliche Disparitäten gekennzeichnet, in denen sich historisches Erbe, Entwicklungsstile und ihre Folgen sowie in jüngeren Jahren sicherlich auch die Konsequenzen der Einbindung des Landes in die Globalisierung niederschlagen. Gleichzeitig ist Brasilien gerade in jüngeren Jahren Bühne zahlreicher dynamischer Prozesse in sozioökonomischer und politischer Hinsicht gewesen, die den Anspruch des Landes als Führungsmacht des Südens unterstreichen.
Plasmodium Hemozoin Formation Mediated by Histidine-Rich Proteins (1996)

The digestive vacuole of Plasmodium falciparum is the site of hemoglobin degradation, heme polymerization into crystalline hemozoin, and antimalarial drug accumulation. Antibodies identified histidine-rich protein II (HRP II) in purified digestive vacuoles. Recombinant or native HRP II promoted the formation of hemozoin, and chloroquine inhibited the reaction. The related HRP III also polymerized heme, and an additional HRP was identified in vacuoles. It is proposed that after secretion by the parasite into the host erythrocyte cytosol, HRPs are brought into the acidic digestive vacuole along with hemoglobin. After hemoglobin proteolysis, HRPs bind the liberated heme and mediate hemozoin formation.
A Human Protein Interaction Network Shows Conservation of Aging Processes between Human and Invertebrate Species (2009)

We have mapped a protein interaction network of human homologs of proteins that modify longevity in invertebrate species. This network is derived from a proteome-scale human protein interaction Core Network generated through unbiased high-throughput yeast two-hybrid searches. The longevity network is composed of 175 human homologs of proteins known to confer increased longevity through loss of function in yeast, nematode, or fly, and 2,163 additional human proteins that interact with these homologs. Overall, the network consists of 3,271 binary interactions among 2,338 unique proteins. A comparison of the average node degree of the human longevity homologs with random sets of proteins in the Core Network indicates that human homologs of longevity proteins are highly connected hubs with a mean node degree of 18.8 partners. Shortest path length analysis shows that proteins in this network are significantly more connected than would be expected by chance. To examine the relationship of this network to human aging phenotypes, we compared the genes encoding longevity network proteins to genes known to be changed transcriptionally during aging in human muscle. In the case of both the longevity protein homologs and their interactors, we observed enrichments for differentially expressed genes in the network. To determine whether homologs of human longevity interacting proteins can modulate life span in invertebrates, homologs of 18 human FRAP1 interacting proteins showing significant changes in human aging muscle were tested for effects on nematode life span using RNAi. Of 18 genes tested, 33% extended life span when knocked-down in Caenorhabditis elegans. These observations indicate that a broad class of longevity genes identified in invertebrate models of aging have relevance to human aging. They also indicate that the longevity protein interaction network presented here is enriched for novel conserved longevity proteins.
Toluidine Blue in the Management of Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity (1968)

THE EARLY diagnosis and management of carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx continues to present a great challenge. Carcinoma in an early stage of development is hard to detect because the lesion may be impalpable and the color changes not very different from the color of the surrounding mucosa. When the tumor is still intraepithelial, the only evidence may be an area of "erosion" where the thin covering layer of keratin or flattened cells is missing. Because carcinoma in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx is often multicentric in origin, it is common to find satellite tumors adjacent to the main tumor mass; the satellite tumor may be inconspicuous and overlooked during definitive therapy. Many carcinomas of the oral cavity start out as surface lesions which spread over the mucosa much more than they infiltrate1; the margins of the tumor may be hard to define, especially if there is
The Singularities of the Solutions of the Cauchy Problem (1969)

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of linear partial differential equation with holomorphic coefficients in complex domain. The Cauchy-Kowalewski theorem asserts that locally there exists a unique holomorphic solution of the Cauchy problem provided that the initial surface is non-character istic and the initial data are holomorphic.
Kondensationen von 1.2‐Mercaptoaminen mit α‐Ketocarbonsäureestern (1962)

Abstract Im Gegensatz zu o‐Aminophenolen und 1.2‐Aminoalkoholen liefern o‐Aminothiophenol und 2‐Mercapto‐äthylamin bei der Kondensation mit α‐Ketoestern ausschließlich Benzthiazolin‐ und Thiazolidin‐Derivate. Die gesuchten 1.4‐Thiazinone‐(2) konnten nicht erhalten werden.
Reconciling privacy with social media (2012)

Social media is one way that individuals share information, present themselves, and manage their social interactions in both personal and professional contexts. While social media benefits have been examined in the literature, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship of privacy to these benefits. Privacy has traditionally been framed as a way for individuals to protect themselves from the consequences of too much information disclosure. However, privacy can be a means to enhance social media outcomes and is essential for coordinating cooperative relationships. In this workshop we seek to: a) broaden the lens of social media privacy research to examine the benefits and outcomes of interactional privacy as they relate to social media goals; and b) discuss the design of social media interfaces that are responsive to both relational and privacy needs.
Green Ox (2007)

”Green Ox” was written specifically for a midterm exam in an MBA marketing management class. Rather than focus on one particular concept or issue (e.g., segmentation, product line depth), the case challenges students to develop a marketing strategy for a food and beverage manufacturer’s new line of sports beverages, which contain beneficial antioxidants. Focal decisions include choosing a segmentation scheme(s) and a specific target segment(s) and articulating a positioning statement(s) for the new product—all in light of market trends, customer information, and competitor positions. Students must also make recommendations regarding the product name, number of products in the line, and the price (including a break-even analysis). Distribution and promotion issues are downplayed, yet there is sufficient information to determine whether students’ recommendations on the larger issues account for the necessary integration of the 4Ps.