gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: immunological aspects and therapeutic guidelines. (2006)

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1-3% of the European population. Chronic plaque psoriasis, the commonest form of the condition - affecting the majority of patients - usually manifests as red, heavily scaled plaques on elbows, knees, scalp and lower back, but any skin surface may be affected. Psoriasis is associated with an inflammatory sero-negative arthritis, namely "psoriatic arthritis", in approximately 15%of patients with psoriasis and occurs more commonly in people with inflammatory bowel disease such as patients with Crohn's disease. Several studies have demonstrated the role of genetic predisposition, innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. There is considerable evidence that innate immunity and specifically a dysregulation of the innate immune response is central to the development of psoriasis. The role of TNFalpha is particularly intriguing. The evidence includes further observations that a variety of anti-TNF approaches such as monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins of soluble TNF receptors are effective therapies both in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. In this review, in addition to pathogenetic aspects, some preliminary guidelines for the use of anti-TNFalpha therapy in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis will be discussed.
Privilege federation between different user profiles for service federation (2008)

Service providers often incorporate services other than the main ones they offer for user convenience. Such service providers need to exchange personal attributes with other providers they interact with and link user accounts. Some service providers, however, can not federate the accounts, because the subject of them is not always same; for instance, one subject of an account is a user of a personal profile, and the other of another account is the one of a family profile. Thus a mechanism is needed to federate user profiles. To address this issue, we propose a privilege federation framework for personal attribute exchange between different user profiles. This framework enables the providers to exchange attributes based on identity federation established by privilege exchange. With it, they can determine what attributes to be exchanged with the privilege assertion and protect privacy information against leakage.
Segmentation of building facades using procedural shape priors (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel approach to the perceptual interpretation of building facades that combines shape grammars, supervised classification and random walks. Procedural modeling is used to model the geometric and the photometric variation of buildings. This is fused with visual classification techniques (randomized forests) that provide a crude probabilistic interpretation of the observation space in order to measure the appropriateness of a procedural generation with respect to the image. A random exploration of the grammar space is used to optimize the sequence of derivation rules towards a semantico-geometric interpretation of the observations. Experiments conducted on complex architecture facades with ground truth validate the approach.
Emergent Translation in Multi-Agent Communication (2017)

While most machine translation systems to date are trained on large parallel corpora, humans learn language in a different way: by being grounded in an environment and interacting with other humans. In this work, we propose a communication game where two agents, native speakers of their own respective languages, jointly learn to solve a visual referential task. We find that the ability to understand and translate a foreign language emerges as a means to achieve shared goals. The emergent translation is interactive and multimodal, and crucially does not require parallel corpora, but only monolingual, independent text and corresponding images. Our proposed translation model achieves this by grounding the source and target languages into a shared visual modality, and outperforms several baselines on both word-level and sentence-level translation tasks. Furthermore, we show that agents in a multilingual community learn to translate better and faster than in a bilingual communication setting.
Two-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Cycle for Nuclear-Electric Power Conversion (1962)

To circumvent the high temperatures required in a magnetohydrodynamic power conversion system employing a plasma as the conductor, it is proposed that a liquid metal be employed as the conductor, the metal being accelerated by the vapor of a second fluid in a two-phase nozzle and extracted by a liquid-gas separator. It is estimated that a cycle efficiency of 10% is attainable at a radiator-toreactor temperature ratio of 0.7. The specific weight of such a two- fluid MHD conversion system would be about the same as that of a turboelectric system. (auth)
Using big data to improve customer experience and business performance (2014)

In an environment where communications service providers (CSPs) increasingly have the same service offers and devices, offering a superior customer experience is a priority to compete. Solutions that have the ability to highlight what really matters in driving customer satisfaction and deliver actionable insights from their wide-reaching customer, network, and service data are key differentiators for CSPs. This paper explores ways of integrating big data insights with automated and assisted processes related to key customer touchpoints to ultimately improve the customer experience. We show how innovation from Alcatel-Lucent and Bell Labs helps CSPs improve their business performance, using unique methodology designed to select the right key quality indicators, build accurate key business objective “formula,” predict customer behavior, and ultimately understand which factors are influencing the most. This can be used for example to improve the Net Promoter Score (NPS). The net result is a happier customer and a higher customer value.
Novel microwave GaAs field-effect transistors (1979)

A technology is described for the fabrication of Schottky-barrier f.e.t.s with electrodes on either or both sides of a submicrometre thick single-crystal layer of GaAs. Preliminary d.c. and microwave results are given together with possible advantages of these novel f.e.t. structures.
Abolition of morphine-immunosuppression in mice lacking the μ-opioid receptor gene (1998)

Opiates are potent analgesic and addictive compounds. They also act on immune responses, and morphine, the prototypic opiate, has been repeatedly described as an immunosuppressive drug. Pharmacological studies have suggested that the inhibitory action of opiates on immunity is mediated by multiple opioid receptor sites but molecular evidence has remained elusive. Recently, three genes encoding mu- (MOR), delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors have been cloned. To investigate whether the mu-opioid receptor is functionally implicated in morphine immunosuppression in vivo, we have examined immune responses of mice with a genetic disruption of the MOR gene. In the absence of drug, there was no difference between wild-type and mutant mice with regard to a large number of immunological endpoints, suggesting that the lack of MOR-encoded protein has little consequence on immune status. Chronic morphine administration induced lymphoid organ atrophy, diminished the ratio of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells in the thymus and strongly reduced natural killer activity in wild-type mice. None of these effects was observed in MOR-deficient mice after morphine treatment. This demonstrates that the MOR gene product represents a major molecular target for morphine action on the immune system. Because our previous studies of MOR-deficient mice have shown that this receptor protein is also responsible for morphine analgesia, reward, and physical dependence, the present results imply that MOR-targeted therapeutic drugs that are developed for the treatment of pain or opiate addiction may concomitantly influence immune responses.
Identification of two Sox17 messenger RNA isoforms, with and without the high mobility group box region, and their differential expression in mouse spermatogenesis. (1996)

The different mRNA isoforms of the mouse Sox17 gene were isolated from adult mouse testis cDNAs. One form (referred to as form Sox17) encodes an Sry-related protein of 419 amino acids containing a single high mobility group box near the NH2-terminus, while the other form (referred to as form t-Sox17) shows a unique mRNA isoform of the Sox17 gene with a partial deletion of the HMG box region. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that these two isoforms were produced at least by alternative splicing of the exon corresponding to the 5' untranslated region and NH2-terminal 102 amino acids. RNA analyses in the testis revealed that form Sox17 began at the pachytene spermatocyte stage and was highly accumulated in round spermatids. Protein analyses revealed that t-Sox17 isoforms, as well as Sox17 isoforms, were translated into the protein products in the testis, although the amount of t-Sox17 products is lower in comparison to the high accumulation of t-Sox17 mRNA. By the electrophoretic mobility-shift assay and the random selection assay using recombinant Sox17 and t-Sox17 proteins, Sox17 protein is a DNA-binding protein with a similar sequence specificity to Sry and the other members of Sox family proteins, while t-Sox17 shows no apparent DNA-binding activity. Moreover, by a cotransfection experiment using a luciferase reporter gene, Sox17 could stimulate transcription through its binding site, but t-Sox17 had little effect on reporter gene expression. Thus, these findings suggest that Sox17 may function as a transcriptional activator in the premeiotic germ cells, and that a splicing switch into t-Sox17 may lead to the loss of its function in the postmeiotic germ cells.
Characterization of a novel cell-surface molecule expressed on subpopulations of activated T and B cells (1993)

A mAb, GL7, is described that reacts with a 35-kDa protein on subsets of activated mouse B cells as well as activated CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T cells. In normal mice analyzed by flow cytometry, GL7 bound at low surface density to 0 to 9% of splenic B cells and 0 to 1% of splenic T cells. In contrast, GL7 bound at high density to a subpopulation comprising approximately 20% of TCR-bright thymocytes, and to B220+ cells in the bone marrow. The activation of B cells by various stimuli resulted in high levels of expression of the surface molecule identified by GL7 on up to 70% of B cells after 48 h; the remaining B cells expressed low or undetectable levels of this molecule, despite evidence of other activation-specific changes in cell-surface phenotype. The GL7-positive population of B cells induced by IL-5 stimulation exhibited high levels of both proliferative and IgM secretory activity, whereas the GL7-negative population showed little of either activity. Activation of splenic T cells with Con A for 48 h resulted in the expression of this determinant at high density on both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. GL7 thus appears to identify a previously uncharacterized cell-surface molecule expressed selectively on subpopulations of activated B and T cells as well as on discrete subpopulations of T and B lineage cells in vivo.
Effects of port congestion in the gate control list scheduling of time sensitive networks (2017)

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) can provide deterministic traffic behavior over Ethernet networks, for time sensitive traffic, whilst also bound the delay/jitter. To do so, the IEEE TSN working group introduced a network-wide transmission port scheduling mechanism. The duration of this schedule is directly related with the delay; hence reducing it can be beneficial within the TSN paradigm. This paper investigates the effects of port congestion, in the duration of the network wide schedule. A congested port can make scheduling more complex, leading to longer network-wide schedules. To verify this, the same set of experiments was repeated, with and without considering port congestion during path allocation. The computed paths were given as input to an implementation of the shifting bottleneck heuristic algorithm. The shifting bottleneck heuristic, computed the network-wide gating schedule. The results show that with port congestion as a metric during path allocation the duration of the gating schedule in multipath networks can be reduced up to 26%.
Faceted metadata for image search and browsing (2003)

There are currently two dominant interface types for searching and browsing large image collections: keyword-based search, and searching by overall similarity to sample images. We present an alternative based on enabling users to navigate along conceptual dimensions that describe the images. The interface makes use of hierarchical faceted metadata and dynamically generated query previews. A usability study, in which 32 art history students explored a collection of 35,000 fine arts images, compares this approach to a standard image search interface. Despite the unfamiliarity and power of the interface (attributes that often lead to rejection of new search interfaces), the study results show that 90% of the participants preferred the metadata approach overall, 97% said that it helped them learn more about the collection, 75% found it more flexible, and 72% found it easier to use than a standard baseline system. These results indicate that a category-based approach is a successful way to provide access to image collections.
Enhanced responsiveness of committed macrophage precursors to macrophage-type colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) induced <i>in vitro</i> by interferons <i>alpha</i> + <i>beta</i>. (1983)

Contrasting effects of interferon alpha + beta (IFN) on colony-stimulating factor- (CSF) induced macrophage stem cell proliferation resulted when nucleated murine femoral marrow cells were exposed to IFN either before addition of CSF or simultaneously with CSF. Responsiveness to macrophage type L cell CSF was measured by two different assays: by determination of [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation and by enumeration of colonies formed in response to CSF. Incubation of nucleated marrow cells concurrently with CSF and IFN resulted in depressed proliferation that was dependent on the dose of IFN. Preincubation of marrow cells with IFN, however, produced a dose-dependent enhancement of CSF responsiveness in comparison to preincubation of marrow cells in the absence of IFN. The enhancing effect of IFN was observed only when preincubated cells were stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of CSF. At optimal CSF concentrations, differences were not observed in either 3H-TdR incorporation or in colony formation. On the basis of data accumulated by both assays for CSF responsiveness, IFN pretreatment was hypothesized not to increase the total population of existing progenitor cells, but to influence the capacity of pre-existing progenitor cells to respond to suboptimal doses of the growth factor.
AARF: Any-Angle Routing for Flow-Based Microfluidic Biochips (2018)

Flow-based microfluidic biochips are promising with significant applications for automating and miniaturizing laboratory procedures in biochemistry. Automated design methods for flow-based microfluidic biochips are becoming increasingly important due to the advancement in both integration scale and design complexity for complicated biochemical applications. Though the multilayer soft lithography fabrication provides flexibility to route both flow and control channels in any angle, existing routing algorithms still adopt Manhattan routing metrics, which design channel in either vertical or horizontal direction only. Moreover, based on the computational fluid dynamics analysis, rectilinear channels with 90° bends have the following issues: 1) reduced the fluidic flow rate, which degrades the performance of the biochip and may even result in the erroneous outcome of the whole procedure and 2) increased pressure at the right-angle bend, which negatively affects the reliability of the biochip. To fully utilize the routing flexibility, this paper proposes the first any-angle routing algorithm for flow-based microfluidic biochip, called AARF. Computational simulation results show that compared with traditional Manhattan routing method, the proposed AARF significantly improves the total wirelength and total effective wirelength (considering the turning angles) by 17.11% and 35.91%, respectively, which prove the effectiveness of the AARF routing flow.
Diagnosis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Quan-Chao Zhuang1, Xiang-Yun Qiu1,2, Shou-Dong Xu1,2, Ying-Huai Qiang1 and Shi-Gang Sun3 1Li-ion Batteries Lab, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and technology, Xuzhou 3State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
60 GHz WLAN applications and implementation aspects (2011)

Various wireless applications are currently under development for the unlicensed 60 GHz band. This paper describes three examples with different system requirements. The first two are point-to-multipoint wireless networks (in an airplane and in a car) and the third one is a short range point-to-point connection. Special requirements of the applications are a high number of users for the point-to-multipoint connection and a high data rate of 10 Gbit/s for the point-to-point connection system. Implementation aspects are pointed out, which are important to demonstrate the functionality of the system in a relevant environment and are key aspects to develop the related products. For example, integration aspects of the antenna into an airplane passenger seat and the receiver concept of the radio frequency-(RF) front-end to reducing the power consumption at ultrahigh data rates are described. Additionally, to determine the geometrical system architecture, ray-tracing simulations inside an aircraft and inside a car were performed.
Me, me, me (2010)

‘You look like a proper walker,’ said a patient. What prompted the comment, he said, was the way I was tearing around our department like Roadrunner – I only needed to say ‘beep beep’ and you would not have been able to tell us apart.
Strategies for Real-Time System Specification (1987)

From the Publisher:
Here is a casebook, practical reference, and indispensable guide for creating a systematic, formal methodology for large, real-time, software-based systems. 
The book develops a major extension of the DeMarco analysis method and augments it with more than 200 diagrams that describe how external events control the system's operating behavior. 
Many diagrams illustrate the techniques used in the requirements specification of a flight management computer system. 
You'll learn how to integrate a finite state machine structure into classical analysis methods. The Hatley-Pirbhai techniques, now widely used in major avionics and electronics companies worldwide, are automated by most major CASE tools, including TurboCASE/Sys by StructSoft, Inc.
Epigenetics in cancer (2009)

Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered gene function and malignant cellular transformation. Global changes in the epigenetic landscape are a hallmark of cancer. The initiation and progression of cancer, traditionally seen as a genetic disease, is now realized to involve epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNA expression. The reversible nature of epigenetic aberrations has led to the emergence of the promising field of epigenetic therapy, which is already making progress with the recent FDA approval of three epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of alterations in the epigenetic landscape that occur in cancer compared with normal cells, the roles of these changes in cancer initiation and progression, including the cancer stem cell model, and the potential use of this knowledge in designing more effective treatment strategies.
Perforin Gene Defects in Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (1999)

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare, rapidly fatal, autosomal recessive immune disorder characterized by uncontrolled activation of T cells and macrophages and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. Linkage analyses indicate that FHL is genetically heterogeneous and linked to 9q21.3-22, 10q21-22, or another as yet undefined locus. Sequencing of the coding regions of the perforin gene of eight unrelated 10q21-22-linked FHL patients revealed homozygous nonsense mutations in four patients and missense mutations in the other four patients. Cultured lymphocytes from patients had defective cytotoxic activity, and immunostaining revealed little or no perforin in the granules. Thus, defects in perforin are responsible for 10q21-22-linked FHL. Perforin-based effector systems are, therefore, involved not only in the lysis of abnormal cells but also in the down-regulation of cellular immune activation.
Membrane protein molecules of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus also expose the carboxy-terminal region on the external surface of the virion (1995)

The binding domains of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the M protein of the PUR46-MAD strain of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) have been located in the 46 carboxy-terminal amino acids of the protein by studying the binding of MAbs to recombinant M protein fragments. Immunoelectron microscopy using these MAbs demonstrated that in a significant proportion of the M protein molecules, the carboxy terminus is exposed on the external surface both in purified viruses and in nascent TGEV virions that recently exited infected swine testis cells. The same MAbs specifically neutralized the infectivity of the PUR46-MAD strain, indicating that the C-terminal domain of M protein is exposed on infectious viruses. This topology of TGEV M protein probably coexists with the structure currently described for the M protein of coronaviruses, which consists of an exposed amino terminus and an intravirion carboxy-terminal domain. The presence of a detectable number of M protein molecules with their carboxy termini exposed on the surface of the virion has relevance for viral function, since it has been shown that the carboxy terminus of M protein is immunodominant and that antibodies specific for this domain both neutralize TGEV and mediate the complement-dependent lysis of TGEV-infected cells.