gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Measurement of the Amount of Incoming Light in a Virtual Green House. (2004)

It is very important to analyze the various kinds of light environment of a plant factory to provide the optimal growth conditions to the cultivated plants. In this paper, we propose an intelligent simulation tool which can be utilized in a construction of a real plant factory using virtual environment techniques. Incoming light to the virtual environment can be divided into natural and artificial kinds and artificial light can again be partitioned to panel light and point light, according to the shape of the light sources. To analyze the global illumination conditions inside the plant factory, three different types of light specular, diffuse and ambient have to be considered properly. A proposed algorithm combines ray tracing for direct irradiation from light sources and radiosity for light coming to objects indirectly light from the object’s surroundings. The results show the combined method effectively calculates the relative amount of incoming light in a virtual green house according to the number, location and distance of each light source.
Millimeter-wave ad-hoc wireless access system. (1) System overview (2004)

We present an overview of the millimeter-wave ad-hoc wireless access systems that we are developing. These systems have the advantages of easy connectivity, network flexibility, and high-speed data transmission using a wide frequency bandwidth. This paper describes the concept of the system, and the hardware design.
Influence of visual information on bimanual haptic manipulation (2015)

The coordination of the upper limbs has been shown to be beneficial for post-stroke treatment. In virtual reality based rehabilitation, bimanual exercises can be performed by exploiting haptic rendering techniques that allow object manipulation with two haptic devices. Haptic interaction generally involves spherical end-effectors with invariant shapes. Furthermore, the position of the end-effectors can only be sensed haptically after object contact, which impacts the ability to determine the real position of the end effector and dynamically manipulate the object. The present study sought to examine whether additional visual information regarding the penetration of the wrists into the virtual object (i.e., the color and shape of the spheres changed according to the level of force exerted by the subject) leads to improved bimanual task performance in a virtual environment. To this end, six neurologically healthy participants performed an object manipulation task with haptic feedback (haptic condition) and with haptic feedback as well as additional visual cues (haptic+visual condition). Results demonstrated that interlimb coordination was enhanced during the haptic+visual condition. It is speculated that the presence of visual information provides a more natural way for individuals to exploit inter-limb coordination synergies, and may have useful implications for VR game development and post stroke rehabilitation protocols.
The interaction of trypsin with neutral substrates and modifiers (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe interaction of trypsin with neutral substrates and modifiersBarbara M. Sanborn and George E. HeinCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 10, 3616–3624Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00850a039https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00850a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VAGINAL ACIDITY AND PH. A REVIEW (1955)

Vaginitis Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Customized Software in Distributed Embedded Systems: ISOBUS and the Coming Revolution in Agriculture (2007)

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University
Weighted Multi-marker Genetic Risk Scores for Incident Coronary Heart Disease among Individuals of African, Latino and East-Asian Ancestry (2018)

We examined the clinical utility of two multi-locus genetic risk scores (GRSs) previously validated in Europeans among persons of African (AFR; n = 2,089), Latino (LAT; n = 4,349) and East-Asian (EA; n = 4,804) ancestry. We used data from the GERA cohort (30-79 years old, 68 to 73% female). We utilized two GRSs with 12 and 51 SNPs, respectively, and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) to estimate 10-year CHD risk. After a median 8.7 years of follow-up, 450 incident CHD events were documented (95 in AFR, 316 in LAT and 39 EA, respectively). In a model adjusting for principal components and risk factors, tertile 3 vs. tertile 1 of GRS_12 was associated with 1.86 (95% CI, 1.15-3.01), 1.52 (95% CI, 1.02-2.25) and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.77-1.83) increased hazard of CHD in AFR, LAT and EA, respectively. Inclusion of the GRSs in models containing the FRS did not increase the C-statistic but resulted in net overall reclassification of 10% of AFR, 7% LAT and EA and in reclassification of 13% of AFR and EA as well as 10% LAT in the intermediate FRS risk subset. Our results support the usefulness of incorporating genetic information into risk assessment for primary prevention among minority subjects in the U.S.
Analysis of Sequence Variations in Several Human Genes Using Phosphoramidite Bond DNA Fragmentation and Chip-Based MALDI-TOF (2004)

The challenge in the postgenome era is to measure sequence variations over large genomic regions in numerous patient samples. This massive amount of work can only be completed if more accurate, cost-effective, and high-throughput solutions become available. Here we describe a novel DNA fragmentation approach for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery and sequence validation. The base-specific cleavage is achieved by creating primer extension products, in which acid-labile phosphoramidite (P-N) bonds replace the 5' phosphodiester bonds of newly incorporated pyrimidine nucleotides. Sequence variations are detected by hydrolysis of this acid-labile bond and MALDI-TOF analysis of the resulting fragments. In this study, we developed a robust protocol for P-N-bond fragmentation and investigated additional ways to improve its sensitivity and reproducibility. We also present the analysis of several human genomic targets ranging from 100-450 bp in length. By using a semiautomated sample processing protocol, we investigated an array of SNPs within a 240-bp segment of the NFKBIA gene in 48 human DNA samples. We identified and measured frequencies for the two common SNPs in the 3'UTR of NFKBIA (separated by 123 bp) and then confirmed these values in an independent genotyping experiment. The calculated allele frequencies in white and African American groups differed significantly, yet both fit Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This demonstrates the utility and effectiveness of PN-bond DNA fragmentation and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS analysis for the high-throughput discovery and measurement of sequence variations in fragments up to 0.5 kb in length in multiple human blood DNA samples.
Transthoracic Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Variables That Affect Risk of Pneumothorax (1999)

Smaller lesion size and emphysema are strongly correlated with occurrence of pneumothorax. Pneumothorax was more than three times less frequent if no aerated lung was traversed. After pneumothorax, chest tube placements were related to the presence of emphysema.
Automatic Generation of Functional Coverage Models from Behavioral Verilog Descriptions (2007)

As an industrial practice, the functional coverage models are developed based on a high-level specification of the design under verification (DUV). However, in the course of implementation a designer makes specific choices which may not be reflected well in a functional coverage model developed entirely from a high-level specification. We present a method to automatically generate implementation-aware coverage models based on the static analysis of a HDL description of the DUV. Experimental results show that the functional coverage models generated using our technique correlate well with the detection of randomly injected errors into a design
Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervation of secondary lymphoid organs: role in experimental rheumatoid arthritis. (1992)

Noradrenergic (NA) and peptidergic nerve fibres are present in both primary and secondary lymphoid organs, distributing with the vasculature, trabecular and capsular smooth muscle, and within the parenchyma among cells of the immune system. NA nerve terminals directly abut lymphocytes and macrophages in spleen and lymph nodes. In these organs, norepinephrine has fulfilled the basic criteria for neurotransmission with cells of the immune system as targets. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated NA modulation of primary and secondary antibody responses, cytotoxic T cell responses, natural killer cell activity, and proliferation and differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes. Substance P (SP) has been shown to modulate inflammatory responses, lymphocyte proliferation, and other immunologic reactivity. We investigated the role of NA and SP nerve fibres within lymph nodes in experimental allergic auto-immune arthritis in Lewis rats. Denervation of NA nerve fibres in popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes with 6-hydroxy-dopamine resulted in earlier onset and enhanced severity of arthritic changes as well as inflammation in bilaterally induced experimental arthritis, while denervation of SP nerve fibres in popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes with capsaicin resulted in delayed onset and diminished severity of the inflammatory changes ipsilaterally, and prevention of contralateral arthritic changes in unilaterally induced experimental arthritis. These findings suggest that NA and SP nerve fibres in lymph nodes can modulate the time course of onset and the severity of experimental arthritis in Lewis rats. These modulatory effects are distinctly different from the effects of NA and SP nerve fibres in the joints themselves.
Influence of Leukotriene Pathway Polymorphisms on Response to Montelukast in Asthma (2005)

Genetic variation in leukotriene pathway candidate genes contributes to variability in montelukast response.
Spin polarization of electrons tunneling from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>ferromagnetic metals and alloys (1977)

The electron spin polarization (ESP) of a wide range of alloys of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, or Ti in Ni was measured by the spin-polarized tunneling technique using thin-film Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-ferromagnetic-alloy tunnel junctions. The measurements were made at a temperature of 0.4 K and in an applied magnetic field of 3.5-4.0 T. A phenomenological correlation between electron spin polarization and atomic magnetic moment which was previously observed for the pure ferromagnetic elements (Fe, Co, Ni), is shown to be valid for all the alloys measured. Various methods were used for the deposition of the thin-film alloys. Each of these methods gave the same relative values of ESP when compared to Ni deposited by the same method. The dependence of the measured polarization on deposition parameters of the ferromagnetic films is presented. The effect of the properties of the superconducting aluminum films and other sources of systematic error are analyzed. The present results greatly constrain possible explanations of spin-polarized tunneling currents from $3d$ ferromagnetic metals based on current theories of itinerant ferromagnetism.
Proportion of energy attributable to comminution (2012)

This paper reviews the proportion of energy attributable to comminution within the Australiangold and copper mining sector. The need for this is motivated by inconsistencies in the quotedenergy usage data and the lack of a common basis for reporting the fraction of energy in miningthat is attributable to comminution. This study should form a reliable basis from which to assessboth demand and opportunities to reduce energy consumption.     The proportion of milling energy was calculated for the major producers in the Australian goldand copper sector. A sampling methodology created by Powell et al (2003 - 2010) was initially usedto provide an accurate and meaningful measure of the energy used in the comminution process.However, no useful method for grouping similar mines was found. Fortunately, a surprisinglylarge amount of high quality data was found from a number of different sources, allowing thedevelopment of robust relationships to be used to estimate a high proportion of the unknownvalues. The fraction of energy attributable to comminution was found to be dependent on howthe total energy consumption was defined. For instance, comminution accounted for 52 per centof the electrical energy, but only 21 per cent of the total energy publicly reported by the minesbecause a substantial proportion of energy used on a mine is in the form of transportation fuel(mostly d iesel). Critically, the measured electrical energy consumption does not account fortransmission and generation losses, while diesel energy usage is typically quoted according to itscalorific value. This review proposes that diesel should instead be converted via the mechanicalefficiency factor for diesel engines. Using this conversion, comminution was found to account for36 per cent of the available energy on average. This approach allows a useful basis of comparisonfor mines regardless of whether milling energy is obtained from electrical or diesel generation.A summary of the results are shown in Figure 7 with other values obtained from literature. Thetotal comminution energy assessed in this study accounts for 1.3 per cent of Australia's electricityconsumption, this figure will increase as the other mineral commodities are added to the study.
[Progress of research in osteoarthritis. Metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis]. (2009)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage induced by accumulated mechanical stresses to joints. Destruction of the articular cartilage in OA is caused by the combination of (1) increased degradation of ECM (extracellular matrix), (2) decreased production of ECM and (3) chondrocyte death. Members of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) gene families are considered to play key roles in the degradation of cartilage ECM. On the other hand, members of the membrane-type ADAM gene family may be involved in the initiation and progression of OA by regulation of chondrocyte metabolism through shedding of membrane proteins.
Internal reflections in bleached reflection holograms (1983)

Bleached reflection holograms produced by two plane waves in Agfa 8E56 photographic emulsion and recorded in an index-matching liquid tank at 514 nm are studied. Replay at 514 nm is both in the tank and in air, boundary reflections giving rise to multiple-output beams in the latter case. The intensities in the various output beams are measured as a function of the angle of incidence of the input beam. A simple theory based on two-wave grating diffraction and the Fresnel boundary coefficients is formulated and shown to agree with good approximation with the observed intensities of all significant output beams.
Backprojection by upsampled Fourier series expansion and interpolated FFT (1992)

A fast backprojection method through the use of interpolated fast Fourier transform (FFT) is presented. The computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction by the convolution backprojection (CBP) method has produced precise images. However, the backprojection part of the conventional CBP method is not very efficient. The authors propose an alternative approach to interpolating and backprojecting the convolved projections onto the image frame. First, the upsampled Fourier series expansion of the convolved projection is calculated. Then, using a Gaussian function, it is projected by the aliasing-free interpolation of FFT bins onto a rectangular grid in the frequency domain. The total amount of computation in this procedure for a 512x512 image is 1/5 of the conventional backprojection method with linear interpolation. This technique also allows the arbitrary control of the frequency characteristics.
Pd-catalyzed Reactions Promoted by Ultrasound and/or Microwave Irradiation (2008)

Palladium-catalyzed reactions are a cornerstone of modern synthetic chemistry. No other transition metal, has lately displayed a comparable efficiency and versatility in catalysis. Its compounds have revolutionized organic and organometallic synthesis, being systematically employed to catalyze a series of important and elegant carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, whose applications range from natural products and pharmaceuticals to polymers and advanced materials. Many of them require prolonged heating and may be plagued by the formation of side- or unwanted products. The current drive toward cleaner chemistry and chemical engineering has spurred a search for more selective and energy-saving protocols, prompting a reconsideration of some metal-catalyzed processes that were once regarded as ideal syntheses. Two non-conventional activation tools, microwaves and ultrasound, have been shown to substantially reduce reaction times, increase product yields and enhance product purity by reducing or even eliminating side reactions. The present article provides an overview of this topic, showing how these energy sources have been successfully applied to some representative Pd-catalyzed reactions. Microwaves and ultrasound can be used alone, as well as combined in either sequential or simultaneous fashion; these variations can lead to significantly different results. These technical aspects are now becoming economically relevant, as Pd-catalyzed reactions are on the verge of being promoted out of the laboratory to the production scale by means of safe and reliable flow systems. Keywords: Pd-catalyzed Reactions, Microwave Irradiation, synthetic chemistry, transition metal, carbon-heteroatom, natural products
THE WATER-MIST FIRE SUPPRESSION EXPERIMENT (Mist): PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE STS-107 MISSION (2003)

An investigation of the effect of water mists on premixed flame propagation has been conducted onboard the Space Shuttle to take advantage of the prolonged microgravity environment to study the effect of uniformly distributed clouds of polydisperse water mists on the speed and shape of propagating propane-air premixed flames. The suspension of a quiescent and uniform water mist cloud was confirmed during the microgravity tests. Preliminary results show good agreement with trends obtained by the numerical predictions of a computational model that uses a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation to simulate the two-phase, flame/mist interaction. Effective flame suppression is observed at progressively higher water loadings and smaller water droplet sizes. Other unusual flame behavior, such as flame front breakup and pulsating flames, is still under investigation. The promising results from the microgravity tests will be used to assess the feasibility of using water mists as fire suppressants on Earth and on spacecraft.
Towards a computational treatment of superlatives (2007)

I propose a computational treatment of superlatives, starting with superlative constructions and the main challenges in automatically recognising and extracting their components. Initial experimental evidence is provided for the value of the proposed work for Question Answering. I also briefly discuss its potential value for Sentiment Detection and Opinion Extraction.
Effect of thymoxamine on aqueous humor formation in the normal human eye as measured by fluorophotometry. (1981)

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of 0.5% topical thymoxamine hydrochloride an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, on the rate of aqueous humor formation in the eyes of 25 normal human subjects was performed with fluorophotometry. The effect of thymoxamine on intraocular pressure and anterior chamber volume was also studied. four of the 25 subjects were used to study the effect of thymoxamine on the permeability to fluorescein of the blood-aqueous barrier. Pupillography was used to confirm that alpha blockade was present in the iris. Thymoxamine-treated eyes had 12% greater aqueous humor flow than placebo-treated eyes, but this difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in the rate of aqueous humor formation, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber volume, or premeability of the blood-aqueous barrier between thymoxamine-treated and placebo-treated eyes. The lack of an effect on the aqueous system could be interpreted as being a result of too low a concentration of thymoxamine in the ciliary body, lack of blockable receptors in the ciliary body, lack of physiologic tone in a blockable receptor system, or lack of a role of such a receptor system in the formation of aqueous humor.
Phenotypes to remember: Evolutionary developmental memory capacity and robustness (2020)

There is increased awareness of the possibility of developmental memories resulting from evolutionary learning. Genetic regulatory and neural networks can be modelled by analogous formalism raising the important question of productive analogies in principles, processes and performance. We investigate the formation and persistence of various developmental memories of past phenotypes asking how the number of remembered past phenotypes scales with network size, to what extent memories stored form by Hebbian-like rules, and how robust these developmental "devo-engrams" are against networks perturbations (graceful degradation). The analogy between neural and genetic regulatory networks is not superficial in that it allows knowledge transfer between fields that used to be developed separately from each other. Known examples of spectacular phenotypic radiations could partly be accounted for in such terms.
Improved Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Alkylmandelic Acids Utilizing Highly Diastereoselective Alkylation of 5-Aryl-2-(1-naphthyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-ones (2006)

A practical method for the synthesis of optically pure α-alkylmandelic acids 1 is described. The present improved robust method involved two reactions: a mild, convenient, stereoselective preparation of chiral cis-5-aryl-2-(1-naphthyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-ones, 9a−c, and highly diastereoselective alkylation of 9a−c, followed by the hydrolysis.