gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclic amine initiation of polypivalolactone (1970)

Abstract Certain monocyclic and polycyclic tertiary amines initiate polymerization of, and copolymerize with, pivalolactone. These comprise three‐, four‐, and five‐membered monocyclic amines and 1‐azapolycyclic amines. The polymerization proceeds in three steps: (a) initiation to form a cyclic amine/pivalate betaine, (b) propagation to yield a polylactone zwitterion by an anionic mechanism, and (c) interlinking by a carboxylate end attacking a cyclic amine end to incorporate amine as a comonomer in the chain. When polymerization is carried out at low temperatures, the more stable cyclic amine ring systems yield isolatable step b polymers. These polymeric zwitterions undergo step c by heating, even in the solid state. The mechanism suggests that, for the more labile cyclic amines, a lactone could be the initiator for polyamine formation by a cationic mechanism. Interlinking would lead to incorporation of lactone initiator. In intermediate cases, block copolymers would result. With a proper balance of reactivities, 1:1 alternating copolymers would be possible.
Improving Availability of Multicore Real-Time Systems Suffering Both Permanent and Transient Faults (2019)

CMOS scaling has greatly increased concerns for both lifetime reliability due to permanent faults and soft-error reliability due to transient faults. Most existing works only focus on one of the two reliability concerns, but often times techniques used to increase one type of reliability may adversely impact the other type. A few efforts do consider both types of reliability together and use two different metrics to quantify the two types of reliability. However, for many systems, the user's concern is to maximize system availability by improving the mean time to failure (MTTF), regardless of whether the failure is caused by permanent or transient faults. Addressing this concern requires a uniform metric to measure the effect due to both types of faults. This paper introduces a novel analytical expression for calculating the MTTF due to transient faults. Using this new formula and an existing method to evaluate system MTTF, we tackle the problem of maximizing availability for multicore real-time systems with consideration of permanent and transient faults. A framework is proposed to solve the system availability maximization problem. Experimental results on a hardware board and simulation results of synthetic tasks show that our scheme significantly improves system MTTF (and hence availability) compared with existing techniques.
Egocentric context-aware programming in ad hoc mobile environments (2002)

Some of the most dynamic systems being built today consist of physically mobile hosts and logically mobile agents. Such systems exhibit frequent configuration changes and a great deal of resource variability. Applications executing under these circumstances need to react continuously and rapidly to changes in operating conditions and must adapt their behavior accordingly. The development of such applications demands a reexamination of the notion of context and the mechanisms used to manage the application's response to contextual changes. This paper introduces EgoSpaces, a coordination model and middleware for ad hoc mobile environments. EgoSpaces focuses on the needs of application development in ad hoc environments by proposing an agent-centered notion of context, called a view, whose scope extends beyond the local host to data and resources associated with hosts and agents within a subnet surrounding the agent of interest. An agent may operate over multiple views whose definitions may change over time. An agent uses declarative specifications to constrain the contents of each view by employing a rich set of constraints that take into consideration properties of the individual data items, the agents that own them, the hosts on which the agents reside, and the physical and logical topology of the ad hoc network. This paper formalizes the concept of view, explores the notion of programming against views, discusses possible implementation strategies for transparent context maintenance, and describes our current prototype of the system. We include examples to illustrate the expressive power of the view abstraction and to relate it to other research on coordination models and middleware.
Optimization of pH sensing using silicon nanowire field effect transistors with HfO<sub>2</sub>as the sensing surface (2011)

Silicon nanowire field effect transistor sensors with SiO(2)/HfO(2) as the gate dielectric sensing surface are fabricated using a top down approach. These sensors are optimized for pH sensing with two key characteristics. First, the pH sensitivity is shown to be independent of buffer concentration. Second, the observed pH sensitivity is enhanced and is equal to the Nernst maximum sensitivity limit of 59 mV/pH with a corresponding subthreshold drain current change of ∼ 650%/pH. These two enhanced pH sensing characteristics are attributed to the use of HfO(2) as the sensing surface and an optimized fabrication process compatible with silicon processing technology.
Importance of seed-borne inoculum in the etiology of the Ascochyta blight complex of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Victoria (1995)

Fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex of field peas were isolated from 436 of 691 seedlots tested. Of the fungi detected, 94.8% of isolates were Mycosphaerella pinodes, 4.2% Phoma medicaginis, and 1.0% Ascochyta pisi. The levels of infestation of seed varied considerably from year to year and between seedlots, depending on the amount of rainfall between flowering and maturity. Within a particular pea-growing region, the level of seed-borne infection was often highest in seed from crops harvested latest. In addition, crops sown early were usually more severely affected by disease than late-sown crops, and this resulted in higher levels of seed infection. There was no correlation between the level of seed infestation by M. pinodes and the severity of ascochyta blight; however, where the level of seed infection was high (>11%) there was a significant reduction in emergence, which caused a reduction in grain yield. It may therefore be possible to use seed with high levels of seed-borne ascochyta blight fungi, provided the seeding rate is increased to compensate for poor emergence.
A high-affinity interaction between NusA and the <i>rrn nut</i> site in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2004)

The bacterial NusA protein enhances transcriptional pausing and termination and is known to play an essential role in antitermination. Antitermination is signaled by a nut-like cis-acting RNA sequence comprising boxB, boxA, and boxC. In the present study, we demonstrate a direct, specific high-affinity interaction between the rrn leader nut-like sites and the NusA proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli. This NusA-RNA interaction relies on the conserved region downstream of boxA, the boxC region, thus demonstrating a key function of this element. We have established an in vivo assay for antitermination in mycobacteria and use this to show that the M. tuberculosis rrn nut-like site enhances transcriptional read-through of untranslated RNA consistent with an antitermination signal within this site. Finally, we present evidence that this NusA-RNA interaction affects transcriptional events further downstream.
The effect of some anti-ulcer agents on the early vascular injury of gastric mucosa induced by ethanol in rats. (1989)

The effect of some gastroprotective agents cysteamine, sodium salicylate, atropine, cimetidine, and pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives, rimazolium, Ch-127 and a mast cell stabilizer, BMY-26517-31 was studied on the enhanced vascular permeability of gastric mucosa induced by 100% ethanol, on the enhanced vascular permeability of peritoneal blood vessels due to 0.3% acetic acid and on carrageenin edema test. We found that cysteamine, sodium salicylate, rimazolium and BMY-26517-31 inhibited the alcohol-induced enhanced vascular permeability. They also decreased the carrageenin-induced edema and--with the exception of BMY-26517-31--the acetic-acid-induced enhanced vascular permeability of the peritoneal vessels. These results suggest that similar events are present in the early phase of acute inflammation and chemically induced mucosal lesions. Consequently, antiinflammatory activity might play role in the protective mechanism of some anti-ulcer agents.
Monitoring Response and Resistance to Treatment in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2011)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) results from expression of the constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tki), is highly effective in the treatment of cml. However, some patients treated with imatinib will fail to respond, will respond suboptimally, or will relapse because of primary or acquired resistance or intolerance. Research activities focusing on the mechanisms that underlie imatinib resistance have identified mutations in the BCR-ABL gene, clonal evolution, and amplification of the BCR-ABL gene as common causes. Cytogenetic and molecular techniques are currently used to monitor cml therapy for both response and relapse. With multiple and more potent therapeutic options now available, monitoring techniques can permit treatment to be tailored to the individual patient based on disease characteristics-for example, according to BCR-ABL mutation profile or to patient characteristics such as certain comorbid conditions. This approach should benefit patients by increasing the potential for better long-term outcomes.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a recombinant immunotoxin against folate receptor β on the activation and proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells (2006)

Our findings show that dsFv anti-FRbeta-PE38 immunotoxin would be a promising tool for the treatment of RA synovitis, especially when administered intraarticularly.
Phonon heat transport in silicon nanostructures (2005)

Phonon heat conduction is one of the critical research areas for nanoelectronics. The thermal conductivity of silicon nanostructures is studied to gain insight into heat conduction in silicon and related semiconductors. We experimentally show that phonon-boundary scattering results in a significant reduction in the thermal conductivity of crystalline silicon films of thickness below 100 nm at room temperature, which is consistent with the previously reported data for silicon nanowires. Analysis of the data suggests that phonon modes that dominate heat conduction in silicon are fully excited at temperatures substantially below the Debye temperature.
Novel ways to significantly enhance the conductivity of transparent PEDOT:PSS (2009)

Two novel approaches are reported to significantly enhance the conductivity of transparent PEDOT:PSS (PEDOT:PSS = poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)). The first method is to add anionic surfactants into aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS. Conductivity enhancement by a factor of hundreds was observed, and it was strongly dependent on the chemical structure of the surfactant. Conductivity enhancement from 0.16 S cm-1 to 80 S cm-1 was observed, when anionic surfactant SDS was added. The effect of the anionic surfactants on the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS was attributed to the substitution of the PSS anions by the surfactant anions. The addition of a nonionic surfactant had moderate effect on the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, while cationic surfactant almost did not affect the conductivity. The second method to significantly enhance the conductivity is to treat the PEDOT:PSS film with solutions of certain salts. CuCl2 or InCl3 solution could enhance the conductivity by a factor of hundreds, while the effect by NaCl is negligible. The salt effect on the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is attributed to the loss of PSS from PEDOT:PSS and conformational change of PEDOT chains during the treatment.
Role of the Ets Transcription Factors in the Regulation of the Vascular-Specific Tie2 Gene (1999)

The Tie2 gene encodes a vascular endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for normal vascular development and is also upregulated during angiogenesis. The regulatory regions of the Tie2 gene that are required for endothelium-specific gene expression in vivo have been identified. However, the transcription factors required for Tie2 gene expression remain largely unknown. We have identified highly conserved binding sites for Ets transcription factors in the Tie2 promoter. Mutations in 2 particular binding sites lead to a 50% reduction in the endothelium-specific activity of the promoter. We have compared the ability of several members of the Ets family to transactivate the Tie2 promoter. Our results demonstrate that 1 of 3 distinct isoforms of the novel Ets transcription factor NERF, NERF2, is expressed in endothelial cells and can strongly transactivate the regulatory regions of the Tie2 gene in comparison to other Ets factors, which have little or no effect. NERF2 can bind to the Tie2 promoter Ets sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These studies support a role for Ets factors in the regulation of vascular-specific gene expression and suggest that the novel Ets factor NERF2 may be a critical transcription factor in specifying the expression of the Tie2 gene in vascular endothelial cells.
Synergistic effects of co‐expression of the Th1 cytokines il‐2 and IFNγ on generation of murine tumor‐reactive cytotoxic cells (1995)

While the effect of cytokines on the generation of tumor-reactive cytotoxic cells has been a topic of active investigation, the effect of physiological cytokine combinations has not been determined. We have investigated the effect of co-expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma on the generation of cytotoxic cells against the murine line 1 tumor in vivo. These cytokines were selected because they are normally produced in concert by a subset of T-helper cells called T-helper 1 (Th1). We transfected the line 1 murine carcinoma with cDNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma, alone or combined. IFN-gamma alone does not elicit rejection of the transfectant, but IL-2 increases the tumorigenic dose by 10,000-fold above the parental cells. Co-expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 increases this rejection to at least 100,000-fold above parental line 1. Unlike IL-2 transfectants, tumor cells expressing both IFN-gamma and IL-2 can also elicit rejection of admixed parental tumor cells. Finally, the IFN-gamma/IL-2 transfectants are more effective at generating memory cells that are cytolytic for the parental tumor. Our results show that synergistic interactions of Th1 cytokines can remarkably enhance the cytotoxic response to tumors.
M867, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Caspase-3 Enhances Cell Death and Extends Tumor Growth Delay in Irradiated Lung Cancer Models (2008)

M867 enhances the cytotoxic effects of radiation on lung cancer and its vasculature both in vitro and in vivo. M867 has the potential to prolong tumor growth delay by inhibiting tumor proliferation. Clinical trials are needed to determine the potential of this combination therapy in patients with locally advanced lung cancer.
Antibacterial Activity of Isolates from Piper longum and Taxus baccata (2001)

This study describes the antibacterial activity of the pure isolates from Piper longum (L.) (black pepper) and Taxus baccata (L.) (Yew).Three isolates of black pepper were active against Gram-positive bacteria and moderately active against Gram-negative bacteria.Each isolate was highly active against at least one particular species of bacteria; piperlonguminine (1) against Bacillus subtilis, piperine (2) against Staphylococcus aureus, and pellitorine (3) against Bacillus sphaericus.3-(3-4-5-Trimethoxyphenyl) propionicacid (4) did not show any antibacterial activity.The isolate (-)-rhododendrol (5) of Taxus baccata (L.) inhibited Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas syringae, while 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-butan-2-one (6) and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-trans-but-3-en-2-one (7) inhibited Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus sphaericus.It is therefore evident that all the isolates of Piper longum had antibacterial activity except 3-(3-4-5-trimethoxyphenyl) propionicacid (4), whereas isolates of T. baccata showed moderate activity.
Bias and Variance in the Estimate of the Doppler Frequency Induced by a Wall Motion Filter (1989)

In pulsed Doppler flowmeters, processing of the Doppler signals is often done digitally. The first step in the analysis of the echoes is the filtering which is needed to remove stationary components and low frequency shifts induced by wall motion. This preliminary step is of utmost importance. The influence of uncorrelated noise on the measurement of Doppler signals at the input of this filter is analysed. The frequencies of the Doppler signals are extracted by an algorithm based on correlation techniques. We observed that the filter induces a correlated noise term, which results in an overestimation of the frequency. An effect similar to frequency aliasing may appear. The level of the bias is dependent on filter characteristics and noise level. Our study was carried out on simulated Doppler signals using first and second order filters. An especially desirable solution in flow mapping is proposed in order to decrease this error.
Protective CD8 Memory T Cell Responses to Mouse Melanoma Are Generated in the Absence of CD4 T Cell Help (2011)

This work establishes that CD4 T cell help is dispensable for the generation of protective memory T cell responses to melanoma. Our findings support further use of CD4 T cell depletion therapy for inducing long-lived immunity to cancer.
Measuring the Real-Ear to Coupler Difference Transfer Function With an Insert Earphone and a Hearing Instrument: Are They the Same? (2005)

The RECD is dependent on the acoustic impedance of the sound source, the coupling system, and the coupler and ear. The acoustic impedance may be different for an insert earphone and a given hearing instrument. Therefore, the RECD measured with an insert earphone may not always accurately represent the difference in performance of a hearing instrument measured in the real ear and the 2-cc coupler.
3D Microfabrication using Stimuli-Responsive Self-Folding Polymer Films (2013)

Abstract Fabrication of complex 3D objects using folding of thin films is a novel and very attractive research field. This manuscript overviews recent progress in development, investigation, and application of self-folding polymer films which are able to fold and form various 3D structures. The review discusses the basic principles of design of self-folding films, fabrication of self-folding films, possibilities to build complex 3D shapes, their responsive properties, and applications. Keywords: polymerstimuli-responsivehydrogelactuatorself-folding Acknowledgement The author is grateful to DFG (Grant IO 68/1-1) for financial support.
The multi-threaded, parity-protected 128-word register files on a dual-core Itanium-family processor (2005)

The dual-thread 18-port 128w/spl times/82b FPU register file, and the 22-port 128w/spl times/65b integer register file of the microprocessor is described. Parity embedded into each register provides soft error detection. The design integrates a charge-compensated thread switch and power-saving features to operate at 1.1V consuming 400mW at maximum frequency.
Adult Education and Teilhardian Thought: Contextualizing Socialization into Globalization (2004)

Globalization is defined as the compression of the world internationally and the intensification of consciousness globally. There is much to reorient adult learners toward the emerging reality of globalization who hold mental models formed from previous educational experiences. Nothing less than a transformation of their social literacy is required so that many adults do not to become future dysfunctional global citizens. Global education is the socialization process into globalization. The challenge for adult educators is to develop innovative global education programs to meet the challenges of socialization of adult learners into globalization. The central thesis of this article is that avant‐garde French intellectual Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's (1881–1955) philosophy of evolution is congruent with a globalization conceptualization. As such, Teilhardian thought can effectively serve as the theoretical foundation that contextualizes adult global education and learning experiences.
Synthesis of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>by Hydrolysis of Metal Alkoxides (1987)

Very fine LiNbO{sub 3} powders can be prepared by the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides. The coordination states of metal alkoxides in alcohol were examined by ir and NMR spectroscopy; double alkoxides were formed during controlled refluxing. Under optimum conditions the fine powder can be prepared, crystallizing at lower temperatures, 250{degree}C. Crystallization and removal of the carbonate ion proceeded efficiently by heating the as-precipitated powder in a flow of water vapor and oxygen gas.
A high-density and high-speed 1T-4MTJ MRAM with Voltage Offset Self-Reference Sensing Scheme (2006)

A high-density and high-speed memory cell named 1-transistor 4-magnetic tunnel junction (1T-4MTJ) has been proposed for magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The new 1T-4MTJ cell has been successfully demonstrated by a 1 Mb MRAM test device, using a 130 nm CMOS process. The sensing scheme of a self-reference sense amplifier with Voltage offset (SRSV) enables high-speed memory operation (access time) of tAC=56 nsec and 50 MHz@4cycle.
Major Neutralizing Sites on Vaccinia Virus Glycoprotein B5 Are Exposed Differently on Variola Virus Ortholog B6 (2007)

Immunization against smallpox (variola virus) with Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VV), was effective, but now safety is a major concern. To overcome this issue, subunit vaccines composed of VV envelope proteins from both forms of infectious virions, including the extracellular enveloped virion (EV) protein B5, are being developed. However, since B5 has 23 amino acid differences compared with its B6 variola virus homologue, B6 might be a better choice for such a strategy. Therefore, we compared the properties of both proteins using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to B5 that we had previously characterized and grouped according to structural and functional properties. The B6 gene was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the ectodomain was cloned and expressed in baculovirus as previously done with B5, allowing us to compare the antigenic properties of the proteins. Polyclonal antibodies to B5 or B6 cross-reacted with the heterologous protein, and 16 of 26 anti-B5 MAbs cross-reacted with B6. Importantly, 10 anti-B5 MAbs did not cross-react with B6. Of these, three have important anti-VV biologic properties, including their ability to neutralize EV infectivity and block comet formation. Here, we found that one of these three MAbs protected mice from a lethal VV challenge by passive immunization. Thus, epitopes that are present on B5 but not on B6 would generate an antibody response that would not recognize B6. Assuming that B6 contains similar variola virus-specific epitopes, our data suggest that a subunit vaccine using the variola virus homologues might exhibit improved protective efficacy against smallpox.
NEWLY DEVELOPED BLOOD SUBSTITUTES (1995)

Winslow, Robert M.; Vandegriff, Kim D.; Gonzales, Armando; Kerger, Heinz*; Tsai, Amy G.*; Intaglietta, Marcos* Author Information
Low-Dose Oral Propranolol Could Reduce Brown Adipose Tissue F-18 FDG Uptake in Patients Undergoing PET Scans (2007)

In this patient cohort, there was significant reduction of FDG uptake in BAT following propranolol administration, allowing for adequate interpretation of FDG-PET and software-fused FDG-PET with CT images, particularly in the mediastinal area, without affecting tumor tracer uptake.