gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histoplasmosis (2000)

Histoplasmosis is worldwide in distribution but is more prevalent in certain parts of North and Latin America. Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum grows best in soil contaminated with bat or bird droppings. Patients often report exposure to microfoci-contaminated materials. Spores or mycelial fragments are inhaled and cause localized or patchy pneumonitis. Hematogenous dissemination to other tissues commonly follows during the first 2 weeks of infection before specific immunity has developed.KeywordsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseChest RadiographHistoplasma CapsulatumBird DroppingPulmonary HistoplasmosisThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
[Bioprogressive therapy simplified]. (1990)

With the usage of the new wire compositions, Hilgers introduces a simplification of the Bioprogressive Therapy, which the author analyzes in it's different aspects for the extraction therapy.
Fluorescence enhancement on silver nanostructures: studies of components of ribosomal translation in vitro (2008)

Metallic particles, silver in particular, can significantly enhance the fluorescence of dye molecules in the immediate vicinity (5-20 nm) of the particle. This magnifying effect can be theoretically explained/predicted by considering the change of photonic mode density near the fluorophore due to coupling to the conducting surface. We are using this method to observe fluorescence from a single ribosomal particle in a project aimed at acquiring sequence information from the translating ribosome (NIH's $1000 Genome Initiative). Several quartz slides with silver nanostructures were made using electron beam lithography techniques. The structures were approximately 50 nm high silver tiles measuring 400-700 nm on the side, and were spaced differently over a total area of 1 mm x 1 mm on any given quartz slide. In a preliminary experiment, we coated this surface with the Alexa 647-labeled antibodies and collected single molecule images using the MicroTime 200 (PicoQuant) confocal system. We showed that the fluorescence intensity measured over the silver islands film was more than 100-fold higher than fluorescence from a comparable site on uncoated section of the quartz slide. No noticeable photobleaching was seen. The fluorescence lifetime was very short, about 200 ps or less (this is the resolution limit of the system). The method has great promise for investigations of biologically relevant single molecules.
Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of low band gap copolymers based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and tetrathienoacene with different conjugated bridges (2013)

Using tetrathienoacene (TT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units as donor and acceptor blocks, three new low band gap (LBG) conjugated copolymers (PTTDPO, PTTDPS and PTTDPSe) with different heterocycle bridges (furan, thiophene and selenophene) were designed and synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization reactions. Their structures were verified by 1HNMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All these copolymers exhibit broad absorption bands with small band gaps. UV-vis absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements indicated that the selenophene inclusion resulted in a reduction in the band gap, which could be attributed to a reduction of oxidation potentials and an increase of the electron affinities of the related copolymer. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that PTTDPSe with selenophene bridges favoured a much more planar conformation than PTTDPO and PTTDPS, which afforded a higher hole mobility of 7.9 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Photovoltaic properties of the copolymers blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as an electron acceptor were investigated. The polymer solar cell (PSC) based on the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PTTDPSe:PC71BM (1 : 1.5, w/w)/Ca/Al exhibited a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.68% with an improved short circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.62 mA cm−2. The primary results show that changing heterocycle bridges with different electron-donating ability can easily and finely tune the optical absorptions, band gaps and energy levels of DPP-containing copolymers. The results also demonstrate that the TT unit is a new and promising electron-donating donor block for constructing highly efficient LBG photovoltaic materials.
Challenges and solutions in the calibration of projection lens pupil-image metrology tools (2009)

As imaging requirements and limits continue to be pushed tighter and lower, it has become imperative that accurate and repeatable measurement of the projection lens (PL) pupil be readily available. These are important for setup and adjustment of the illumination distribution, measurement and optimization of the lens aberrations, and verification of lens NA and transmission. Accurate testing of these items is critical during initial installation and setup of a photolithography tool, but it continues to prove useful each time any projection lens pupil-image measurement is made. The basic raw data from any such measurement is in the form of a pixelized 'image' captured by a projection lens pupil microscope. Such images have typically been referred to as pupilgrams1, and many prior works have reported on their application and analysis1,2,3. Each of these measurements can be affected by errors in the measurement tool used. The error modes can be broadly divided into two distinct groups: uncompensated transmission loss, and uncompensated distortion (or remapping) error. For instance, in illuminator measurements, the first will yield intensity error and the second will yield image shape mapping error. These errors may or may not lie exclusively in the optics of the measurement tool. But, regardless of their source, they will propagate through the analysis of the pupilgram images. For this reason, at minimum they must be measured and judged for relative impact, if only to confirm that the errors do not change the conclusions or results. In this paper, we will discuss and present methods for measuring the image distortion present in a PL pupil-image microscope. These data are used to build a 'map' of errors vs. position in the lens pupil. The maps then serve as the basis for image-processing-based compensation that can be applied to all subsequent microscope images. A novel vitally important feature of the technique presented is that it calibrates the distortion of the microscope image field using fundamental optical physics. This is achieved by imaging, capturing, and analyzing the diffraction pattern of reticle gratings. Several different reticle pattern pitches are imaged and their diffraction patterns are captured by the microscope. The image field of the microscope is then calibrated to the spacing of the diffraction orders, meaning that the calibration is traceable through fundamental optics to the very precise reticle patterns. Details of this procedure, including an example, will be presented.
Biophysical modelling of proton radiation effects based on amorphous track models (2001)

Designed for heavy ion applications, the models show weaknesses in the prediction of proton radiation effects. Amorphous track models are based on assumptions about the properties of the biological target and the radiation field that can be questioned. In particular, the assumption of subtargets and the multitarget/single-hit response function on one hand and the parameterization of radial dose and high dose cellular response on the other hand leave question marks.
SAO-based core technological components' identification (2016)

Technologies play an important role in the survival and development of enterprises. Understanding and monitoring the core technological components (e.g., technology process, operation method, function) of a technology is an important issue for researchers to develop R&D policy and manage product competitiveness. However, it is difficult to identify core technological components from a mass of terms, and we may experience some difficulties with describing complete technical details and understanding the terms-based results. This paper proposes a Subject-Action-Object (SAO)-based method, in which (1) SAO structures are extracted from patents for describing the function, relationship and operation in specified topics; (2) a systematic method is built to extract and screen technological components from SAOs; and (3) we propose a “relevance indicator” to calculate the relevance of the technological components to requirements, and finally identify core technological components based on this indicator. An empirical study of graphene is performed to demonstrate the proposed method. The resulting knowledge may hold interest for R&D management and corporate technology strategies in practice.
Planar-type sectored antenna based on slot Yagi–Uda array (2005)

The authors present a novel planar-type sectored antenna construction useful for broadband wireless communication systems. The proposed configuration is based on a slot Yagi–Uda array integrated on a dielectric substrate, which is suitable for mass-production at low cost. First, the slot Yagi–Uda array is analysed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. In order to obtain the data for the design of the planar-type sectored antenna, the radiation characteristics and return loss of the array are evaluated as a function of the number of directors. Next, based on the results obtained, a 6-sector antenna is designed by employing a 4-element slot Yagi–Uda array, and its performance is investigated with FDTD analysis and experiments. The mutual coupling between the neighbouring sectors is found to be less than –38 dB, and the radiation pattern that can cover the entire azimuth direction with a crossover depth of –3 dB is obtained.
Efficacy of cabazitaxel in mouse models of pediatric brain tumors (2014)

These data support further testing of cabazitaxel as a therapy for treating human pediatric brain tumors.
Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Bathing to Reduce Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients (2007)

Daily cleansing of MICU patients with CHG-impregnated cloths is a simple, effective strategy to decrease the rate of primary BSIs.
Selective destruction of renal afferent versus efferent nerves in rats (1985)

Previous anatomic studies demonstrated that afferent projections from the left kidney of the rat passed predominantly through the dorsal roots of spinal segments T10-L1. Selective destruction of renal afferent nerves, without damaging renal efferent nerves, was attempted by severing the dorsal roots carrying the afferent fibers. In anesthetized rats, the dorsal left side of the spinal cord was exposed through a partial laminectomy at vertebral sections T10-L1; and the dorsal roots were carefully isolated and cut. Four to ten days after surgery, arterial pressure and hindquarter vascular resistance were maximally reduced by 14 +/- 2 mmHg and 42 +/- 1%, respectively, during electrical stimulation of renal afferent fibers in sham-operated rats. In rats with selective dorsal rhizotomy no significant changes in arterial pressure or hindquarter vascular resistance were observed after renal afferent nerve stimulation. Renal vasoconstrictor responses to electrical stimulation of the left greater splanchnic nerve or posterior hypothalamic area were not different between sham and rhizotomized rats. These data demonstrate that severing dorsal roots T10-L1 cause a functional afferent denervation of the kidney, without impairing renal efferent nerve function.
Therapy of other viral infections: herpes to hepatitis (2004)

Over the past several years, there has been an increase in knowledge pertaining to the diagnosis and management strategies for the herpes family (Types 1-8), the pox viruses, mumps, measles, rubella, and parvovirus B19 as well as the viral etiologies of hepatitis. Various antiviral treatments, such as nucleoside analogs and interferon therapy, have been available to reduce the signs and symptoms of these common viral infections. This article summarizes the preferred treatment strategies to be employed for each of the viruses for reducing severity, duration, recurrences (notably in the herpes family), transmission rates, as well as preventive alternatives. The majority of the therapeutic options attenuate the course of disease. Treatment decisions are driven by knowledge of the natural history and often are tailored to incorporate clinical circumstances for individual patients. Promotion of community awareness and the development of vaccines should be emphasized in the battle against these common viruses, particularly the herpes simplex viruses, the pox viruses, and hepatitis B.
Recombinant plant‐expressed tumour‐associated MUC1 peptide is immunogenic and capable of breaking tolerance in MUC1.Tg mice (2011)

The human epithelial mucin MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein that is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated on over 90% of human breast cancers. The altered glycosylation of MUC1 reveals an immunodominant peptide along its tandem repeat (TR) that has been used as a target for tumour immunotherapy. In this study, we used the MUC1 TR peptide as a test antigen to determine whether a plant-expressed human tumour-associated antigen can be successfully expressed in a plant system and whether it will be able to break self-antigen tolerance in a MUC1-tolerant mouse model. We report the expression of MUC1 TR peptide fused to the mucosal-targeting Escherichia coli enterotoxin B subunit (LTB-MUC1) in a plant host. Utilizing a rapid viral replicon transient expression system, we obtained high yields of LTB-MUC1. Importantly, the LTB-MUC1 fusion protein displayed post-translational modifications that affected its antigenicity. Glycan analysis revealed that LTB-MUC1 was glycosylated and a MUC1-specific monoclonal antibody detected only the glycosylated forms. A thorough saccharide analysis revealed that the glycans are tri-arabinans linked to hydroxyprolines within the MUC1 tandem repeat sequence. We immunized MUC1-tolerant mice (MUC1.Tg) with transiently expressed LTB-MUC1, and observed production of anti-MUC1 serum antibodies, indicating breach of tolerance. The results indicate that a plant-derived human tumour-associated antigen is equivalent to the human antigen in the context of immune recognition.
Purely wavelength- and amplitude-modulated quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (2016)

We report here on a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) sensor employing a quantum cascade laser (QCL) structure capable of operating in a pure amplitude or wavelength modulation configuration. The QCL structure is composed of three electrically independent sections: Gain, Phase (PS) and Master Oscillator (MO). Selective current pumping of these three sections allows obtaining laser wavelength tuning without changes in the optical power, and power modulation without emission wavelength shifts. A pure QEPAS amplitude modulation condition is obtained by modulating the PS current, while pure wavelength modulation is achieved by modulating simultaneously the MO and PS QCL sections and slowly scanning the DC current level injected in the PS section.
Fast Access Method Of Optical Disk Memory (1987)

A fast access control method of optical disk memory was developed. When this method is used, an optical spot can directly reach any destination track by driving a linear motor which carries the optical head in radial direction of a pregrooved disk, even though its track pitch is as narrow as only 1.6 μm. To realize this method, in the first, distorted track crossing signal by recorded pits, which was detected by a split-type photo detector in an optical head, was compensated by an appropriate signal processing method. Therefore, the total number of crossing tracks can be counted correctly and the traveling velocity of the head can be controlled accurately by utilizing the compensated crossing sensor signal. In the next, a state observer based on the advanced control theory was applied to make the velocity controlling performance improve high enough. As a result, the track crossing velocity of the optical spot has been able to be controlled accurately while seeking. Since it hardly needs to make reseeks and any track jump motion, the average access time of optical disk memory has been shortened no more than 70 msec including average rotational latency.
Differential Roles of Smad1 and p38 Kinase in Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activating Receptor γ during Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2-induced Adipogenesis (2003)

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) promotes the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into adipocytes. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that regulate this differentiation process, we studied the relationship between BMP2 signaling and peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma (PPARgamma) during adipogenesis of mesenchymal cells by using pluripotent mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2. In C3H10T1/2 cells, BMP2 induced expression of PPARgamma along with adipogenesis. Overexpression of Smad6, a natural antagonist for Smad1, blocked PPARgamma expression and adipocytic differentiation induced by BMP2. Overexpression of dominant-negative PPARgamma also diminished adipocytic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, suggesting the central role of PPARgamma in BMP2-induced adipocytic differentiation. Specific inhibitors for p38 kinase inhibited BMP2-induced adipocytic differentiation and transcriptional activation of PPARgamma, whereas overexpression of Smad6 had no effect on transcriptional activity of PPARgamma. Furthermore, activation of p38 kinase by overexpression of TAK1 and TAB1, without affecting PPARgamma expression, led the up-regulation of transcriptional activity of PPARgamma. These results suggest that both Smad and p38 kinase signaling are concomitantly activated and responsible for BMP2-induced adipocytic differentiation by inducing and up-regulating PPARgamma, respectively. Thus, BMP2 controls adipocytic differentiation by using two distinct signaling pathways that play differential roles in this process in C3H10T1/2 cells.
Effect of gravity on aerosol dispersion and deposition in the human lung after periods of breath holding (2000)

To determine the extent of the role that gravity plays in dispersion and deposition during breath holds, we performed aerosol bolus inhalations of 1-microm-diameter particles followed by breath holds of various lengths on four subjects on the ground (1G) and during short periods of microgravity (microG). Boluses of approximately 70 ml were inhaled to penetration volumes (V(p)) of 150 and 500 ml, at a constant flow rate of approximately 0.45 l/s. Aerosol concentration and flow rate were continuously measured at the mouth. Aerosol deposition and dispersion were calculated from these data. Deposition was independent of breath-hold time at both V(p) in microG, whereas, in 1G, deposition increased with increasing breath hold time. At V(p) = 150 ml, dispersion was similar at both gravity levels and increased with breath hold time. At V(p) = 500 ml, dispersion in 1G was always significantly higher than in microG. The data provide direct evidence that gravitational sedimentation is the main mechanism of deposition and dispersion during breath holds. The data also suggest that cardiogenic mixing and turbulent mixing contribute to deposition and dispersion at shallow V(p).
High-yield exfoliation of three-dimensional graphite into two-dimensional graphene-like sheets (2010)

Edge-functionalized graphite (EFG) is prepared via a "direct" covalent attachment of organic molecular wedges. The EFG is dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with a concentration as high as 0.27 mg mL(-1), leading to high-yield exfoliation of the three-dimensional graphite into two-dimensional graphene-like sheets.
Collaboration transparency in the DISCIPLE framework (1999)

Sharing single-user software applications is a major goal of synchronous groupware particularly because the majority of applications continues to be developed for single users. We present a mechanism for sharing collaboration-transparent single-user applications in our DISCIPLE collaboration framework. DISCIPLE is the equivalent of a Web browser that allows sharing applets (Java components, both transparent and aware of collaboration). It allows users with no programming background to quickly assemble arbitrary collaborative applications. Even though the presented solutions are specific to Java, many apply to other platforms as well. We introduce a novel concept of resource servers to solve the problem of resource access in collaboration-transparent applications. We also discuss the limitations of the framework in particular and of sharing collaboration-transparent applications in general. The framework has been implemented and tested on a variety of applications. Preliminary experimental results are reported.
O GARRA e a Abordagem da Agroecologia no Assentamento Jânio Guedes da Silveira, São Jerônimo, RS (2009)

O Grupo de Apoio a Reforma Agraria (GARRA) vem atuando desde 2005 no assentamento estadual Jânio Guedes da Silveira, no municipio de Sao Jeronimo (RS), buscando, em conjunto com os assentados, a revalorizacao da biodiversidade da regiao, trazendo discussoes na aplicabilidade de tecnicas alternativas de producao baseadas nos principios da agroecologia. Uma dessas acoes foi a construcao de um viveiro de especies arboreas nativas, utilizado para recuperacao de areas degradadas, para incremento da biodiversidade local e em contraponto ao crescente cultivo de especies arboreas exoticas para industria papeleira da regiao, possibilitando tambem a formacao de seus participantes para uma consciencia mais critica dos problemas ambientais e sociais.
A High Power Rechargeable Nonaqueous Multivalent Zn/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Battery (2016)

A beyond Li-ion battery based on Zn metal, aprotic electrolyte, and a hydrated bilayered V2O5 cathode with a large gallery spacing of 11–13 Å is introduced. The battery exhibits high 20 C rate capability with good specific capacity of 130 mA h g−1. This work provides some design rules for Zn intercalation behavior in host electrodes in a nonaqueous environment. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selective bond fission in methyl mercaptan at 193 nm via radial derivative coupling between the 2 1<i>A</i>″ and 1 1<i>A</i>″ adiabatic electronic states (1992)

We investigate the origin of the observed fission of the stronger S–H bond over the weaker C–S bond in CH3SH excited at 193 nm using the complementary techniques of mass-resolved photofragment time-of-flight spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy. The velocities and angular distributions of the CH3S and SH photofragments show that both C–S and S–H bond fission occur on a subpicosecond timescale and impart considerable energy to relative product translation. The dispersed emission from photoexcited CH3SH molecules in a flow cell evidences a progression in the CH3 umbrella mode and combination bands with one quantum in the C–S stretch, but no progression with S–H stretch. Examination of the results with reference to previous ab initio calculations of the excited state surfaces reveals the importance of nonadiabatic coupling in the dissociation dynamics. This is a clear example of selective bond fission upon excitation of an electronic state that is not repulsive in the bond that breaks. We discuss the implication of the work with respect to using the Born–Oppenheimer approximation in reactive collisions near a saddle point along the reaction coordinate.