gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Structure of the Organoboron Oxides (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of the Organoboron OxidesCorliss R. Kinney and Donald F. PontzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 2, 197Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01293a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01293a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A randomized trial of five cisplatin-containing treatments in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. (1991)

Six hundred eighty assessable patients with measureable stage III M1, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomized to one of five treatment arms including cisplatin, etoposide (VP-16) +/- methylglyoxal bisguanylhydrazone (MGBG; PVp, PVpM); cisplatin, vinblastine (PVe); or PVe alternating with vinblastine, mitomycin (PVeMi); or fluorouracil, vincristine, mitomycin/cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin (FOMi/CAP). The overall response rate was 20% with 3% complete responses and 17% partial remissions. The duration of these responses was not statistically different by treatment regimen and varied from 2.7 months to 5.0 months. The overall median survival for all patients was 5.3 months and is not different by treatment. Toxicity was greater in PVpM. The similarity of results for response, duration of response, and survival does not establish the superiority of any of these platinum-based regimens for standard clinical usage.
Control of plague vectors on diurnal rodents in the Sierra Nevada of California by use of insecticide bait-boxes (1960)

Trials were conducted in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California to test the effectiveness of 10% DDT dust in insecticide bait-box stations against the fleas of native diurnal rodents. The principle host species involved were the chipmunks Eutamias amoenus and E. speciosus , and the golden-mantled ground squirrel, Citellus lateralis . The important flea species were Monopsyllus eumolpi and M. ciliatus on chipmunks, and Diamanus montanus and Oropsylla idahoensis on ground squirrels. When baited daily for 12 days and furnished with 50 g. of 10% DDT dust, the bait-box stations reduced fleas strikingly within 24 hr., but very little residual control was obtained. A second application in which boxes were baited only twice weekly but for 28 days, also resulted in rapid knockdown and a residual control still effective 42 days after removal of the bait-boxes. The effect of the DDT was apparent at a distance of 400 ft. from the nearest bait-box due to the relatively extensive home ranges of the hosts. Although, in these trials, bait-box stations were spaced 100 ft. apart, 200 ft. spacing probably would be as effective with these hosts.
In Utero Delivery of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors: Intraperitoneal Gene Transfer Produces Long-Term Expression (2001)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are promising gene transfer vectors that produce long-term expression without toxicity. To investigate future approaches for in utero gene delivery, the efficacy and safety of prenatal administration of rAAV were determined. Using luciferase as a reporter, expression was assessed by whole-body imaging and by analysis of luciferase activity in tissue extracts, at the time of birth and monthly thereafter. Transgene expression was detected in all injected animals. Highest levels of luciferase activity were detected at birth in the peritoneum and liver, while the heart, brain, and lung demonstrated low-level expression. In vivo luciferase imaging revealed persistent peritoneal expression for 18 months after in utero injection and provided a sensitive whole-body assay, useful in identifying tissues for subsequent analyses. There was no detectable hepatocellular injury. Antibodies that reacted with either luciferase or rAAV were not found. AAV sequences were not detected in germ-line tissues of injected animals or in tissues of their progeny. In utero AAV-mediated gene transfer in this animal model demonstrates that novel therapeutic vectors and strategies can be rapidly tested in vivo and that rAAV may be developed to ameliorate genetic diseases with perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Strength of hydrogen bonding in the novolak‐type phenolic resin blends (1998)

The specific interaction strength of novolak-type phenolic resin blended with three similar polymers [i.e., poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)] were characterized by means of glass transition temperature behavior and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The interassociation formed within phenolic blends with the addition of a modifier not only overcomes the effect of self-association of the phenolic upon blending, but also increases the strength of phenolic blend. The strength of interassociation within the phenolic blend is the function of the hydrogen bonding group of a modifier, in increasing order, is phenolic/PVA, phenolic/PEG, and phenolic/PEO blend, corresponding to the result of “q” value in the Kwei equation. The FTIR result is in agreement with the inference of Tg behavior. In addition, the fact that the specific strength of hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl–hydroxyl is stronger than that of hydroxyl–ether can also be concluded. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1721–1729, 1998
Dual mode superconducting planar filters based on slotted square resonators (2001)

A new kind of dual-mode filter based on cross and transverse slotted square resonators is presented. A pair of unequal crossed slots formed on a square patch resonator provides both a reduction of the filter size and a simple and controllable way to couple the two degenerate modes. Transverse cuts opportunely realized on the patch further decrease the operating frequency without any appreciable change in the power handling capability of the device. Three examples of single stage filters operating in C-band with 1% and 10% fractional bandwidth are designed with a commercial 2.5D software and fabricated using Nb and YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ films grown on LaAlO/sub 3/ [100] substrates. The filters response is characterized at different temperatures and the insurgence of non-linearity investigated varying the input power and carrying out intermodulation measurements.
Gene expression of two kinds of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in injured spinal cord tissue. (2002)

Expression of constitutive NOS (cNOS) in spinal co rd tissue was up-regulated after injury mainly in the early stage. cNOS as a wh ole offers protection in spinal cord injury, but different cNOS may play different roles.
Preserved Particulate Fascia Lata for Injection: A New Alternative (1999)

This patient series indicates that injectable preparations of preserved fascia lata have the same high biocompatibility as experienced with whole-tissue implants. The safety record of preserved fascia lata implants is reviewed.
Diagonal slotted diamond shaped dual circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with dumbbell aperture coupling (2005)

Improvement in ellipticity bandwidth with a diagonal slotted diamond shaped microstrip patch antenna is analyzed in this paper. The antenna is electro-magnetically fed using two orthogonally oriented dumbbell shaped apertures fed by a 3dB 90/spl deg/ hybrid for dual polarization operation. The radiating element is a 45/spl deg/ rotated square patch (aspect ratio a/b = 1.015) forming a diamond. The antenna is designed to transmit and receive the two differently circularly polarized wide band signals simultaneously with a single antenna. It is observed that by cutting an electrically small rectangular slot along one of the diagonal of the square patch significantly improves the ellipticity bandwidth without altering its impedance bandwidth. The current distribution of the patch remains unaltered and hence the radiation pattern is also not affected. The use of a thick, low cost dielectric foam yields further improvement in bandwidth. A 2:1 impedance bandwidth of 26.5% and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 20.4% has been achieved in simulation with the above geometry. An improvement of 5% in impedance bandwidth and 9% in ellipticity bandwidth is obtained over a patch of similar geometry with conventional rectangular shaped apertures. When compared to a non-slotted patch with dumbbell apertures the improvement in axial ratio bandwidth is of the order of 5% while the impedance bandwidth remains unaltered. The use of dielectric foam makes the antenna light weight and low cost. The above features make it an ideal element for wide band application as required for personal, mobile satellite and wireless communication systems.
Controlling Agglomeration of Protein Aggregates for Structure Formation in Liquid Oil: A Sticky Business (2017)

Proteins are known to be effective building blocks when it comes to structure formation in aqueous environments. Recently, we have shown that submicron colloidal protein particles can also be used to provide structure to liquid oil and form so-called oleogels ( de Vries , A. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017 , 486 , 75 - 83 ) . To prevent particle agglomeration, a solvent exchange procedure was used to transfer the aggregates from water to the oil phase. The aim of the current paper was to elucidate on the enhanced stability against agglomeration of heat-set whey protein isolate (WPI) aggregates to develop an alternative for the solvent exchange procedure. Protein aggregates were transferred from water to several solvents differing in polarity to investigate the effect on agglomeration and changes in protein composition. We show that after drying protein aggregates by evaporation from solvents with a low polarity (e.g., hexane), the protein powder shows good dispersibility in liquid oil compared to powders dried from solvents with a high polarity. This difference in dispersibility could not be related to changes in protein composition or conformation but was instead related to the reduction of attractive capillary forces between the protein aggregates during drying. Following another route, agglomeration was also prevented by applying high freezing rates prior to freeze-drying. The rheological properties of the oleogels prepared with such freeze-dried protein aggregates were shown to be similar to that of oleogels prepared using a solvent exchange procedure. This Research Article provides valuable insights in how to tune the drying process to control protein agglomeration to allow for subsequent structure formation of proteins in liquid oil.
The growth of human diploid fibroblasts as aggregates with cellulose fibres in suspension. (1985)

Human diploid fibroblasts can grow as small cell masses in aggregation with cellulose fibres in suspension but not as conventional monolayers on the surface of the fibres. Using Eagle's MEM with 10% calf serum and various anionic cellulose exchangers in suspension, added human fibroblasts build aggregates of cells with the cellulose fibres enmeshed within these clumps. A concentration of 3 mg cellulose per ml inoculated with between 1 X 10(5) to 1.3 X 10(5) cells per mg cellulose gave an estimated yield of at least 1.5 X 10(6) cells per ml after 7 to 8 days incubation. Cell growth was measured as an increase in protein by a modification of Lowry's method.
[Presence of genetic rearrangements in E1/E2 regions of episomal HPV 16 isolates from cervical carcinomas 5-8]. (2000)

Analysis of genetic situations of E1/E2 region of episomal HPV 16 isolates from cervical carcinomas.Physical statues of HPV 16 DNAs from cervical carcinomas were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. E1/E2 regions of episomal RPV 16 isolates were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were cloned and sequenced.Eight isolates from totally 28 cases showed extrachromosomal HPV 16 DNA. PCR cloned sequence analysis revealed that all the eight isolates contained intact E1/E2 regions, whereas 4 isolates had different ratios of genetic rearrangements, including insertion of E1 repeat sequence and several deletions. Only one case showed the same G deletion at position 1138 as HPV 16 prototype.DNA rearrangements were present in E1/E2 regions of episomal HPV 16 isolates from cervical cancers and might play a role in tumorigenesis. Different viral genotypes in an identical tumor tissue might indicate that the tumor occurring at the same position of a patient may derive from two or even more cell clones.
Role of Additives like Polymers and Surfactants in the Crystallization of Mebendazole (2008)

Crystallization in the presence of additives like surfactants and polymers is a relatively less explored area but is important for polymorphic screening of a compound during its developmental stage. Surfactants and polymers act by various mechanisms to influence either the growth or the nucleation phase, resulting in modification of either the polymorphic form or the crystal habit. The present study was aimed at understanding the crystallization behavior of the model drug mebendazole (MBZ) in the presence of an inert polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and an anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Crystals were generated by the antisolvent approach using the surfactant and polymer solutions in water as the antisolvents. Change in habit from needles to plates took place as a result of modification of the crystallization process in the presence of additive molecules. This was confirmed by quantification of these additives using specific analytical methods, which revealed their presence in small amounts in the final product (0.02, 0.15, and 0.24% w/w SLS in crystals generated using 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% SLS, respectively, and 0.94, and 1.24% w/w PVP K30 and PVP K90, respectively). Their presence in the crystals led to modification in the dissolution of the drug. SLS improved the extent of dissolution while PVP had a negative impact and led to reduction in the amount of MBZ released even below that of the pure drug. The study highlights the influence of polymeric and surfactant additives on the crystallization process leading to modified performance.
Purification and Characterization of 3-Methylcrotonyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase from Higher Plant Mitochondria (1993)

3-Methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase was purified to homogeneity from pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber mitochondria. The native enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 530,000 in pea leaf and 500,000 in potato tuber as measured by gel filtration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate disclosed two nonidentical subunits. The larger subunit (B subunit) is biotinylated and has an apparent molecular weight of 76,000 in pea leaf and 74,000 in potato tuber. The smaller subunit (A subunit) is biotin free and has an apparent molecular weight of 54,000 in pea leaf and 53,000 in potato tuber. The biotin content of the enzyme is 1 mol/133,000 g of protein and 1 mol/128,000 g of protein in pea leaf and potato tuber, respectively. These values are consistent with an A4B4 tetrameric structure for the native enzyme. Maximal 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase activity was found at pH 8 to 8.3 and at 35 to 38[deg]C in the presence of Mg2+. Kinetic constants (apparent Km values) for the enzyme substrates 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA, ATP, and HCO3- were: 0.1 mM, 0.1 mM, and 0.9 mM, respectively, for pea leaf 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase and 0.1 mM, 0.07 mM, and 0.34 mM, respectively, for potato tuber 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the carboxylase-catalyzed carboxylation of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA gave rise to parallel line patterns in double reciprocal plots of initial velocity with the substrate pairs 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA plus ATP and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA plus HCO3- and an intersecting line pattern with the substrate pair HCO3- plus ATP. It was concluded that the kinetic mechanism involves a double displacement. Purified 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase was inhibited by end products of the reaction catalyzed, namely ADP and orthophosphate, and by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. Finally, as for the 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylases from mammalian and bacterial sources, plant 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase was sensitive to sulfhydryl and arginyl reagents.
A Semantically Rich Framework for Knowledge Representation of Code of Federal Regulations (2020)

Federal government agencies and organizations doing business with them have to adhere to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The CFRs are currently available as large text documents that are not machine processable and so require extensive manual effort to parse and comprehend, especially when sections cross-reference topics spread across various titles. We have developed a novel framework to automatically extract knowledge from CFRs and represent it using a semantically rich knowledge graph. The framework captures knowledge in the form of key terms, rules, topic summaries, relationships between various terms, semantically similar terminologies, deontic expressions, and cross-referenced facts and rules. We built our framework using deep learning technologies like TensorFlow for word embeddings and text summarization, Gensim for topic modeling, and Semantic Web technologies for building the knowledge graph. In this article, we describe our framework in detail and present the results of our analysis of the Title 48 CFR knowledge base that we have built using this framework. Our framework and knowledge graph can be adopted by federal agencies and businesses to automate their internal processes that reference the CFR rules and policies.
Coprecipitation of Nickel−Copper−Aluminum Takovite as Catalyst Precursors for Simultaneous Production of Carbon Nanofibers and Hydrogen (2005)

A series of nickel-, copper-, and aluminum-containing catalysts at a (Ni+Cu)/Al mole ratio of 3 and Cu/Ni mole ratio in the range of 0.03−0.4 was prepared by coprecipitation from corresponding metal nitrate solutions at alkaline pH. The composition and structure of the precipitates were determined by chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns confirmed that the precipitates are of hydrotalcite-like structures and, more specifically, they are takovite. The brucite-like layers consist of nickel, copper, and aluminum ions of composition [CuyNix-yAl1-x(OH)2](1-x)+, while the interlayers consist of CO32- and crystalline water. The observed variation of lattice parameters with copper content led us to conclude that the copper and aluminum ions were randomly substituted for the nickel ions in the brucite layer. The catalytic conversion tests at 670 °C showed a significantly enhanced catalytic reactivity of 2 mol % copper-doped catalysts as compared to a pristine nickel catalyst. A higher copper doping led to a less significant improvement in catalytic reactivity. A scanning electron micrograph (SEM) confirmed the production of carbon nanofibers.
Recent advances in novel targeted therapies for HER2-positive breast cancer (2012)

The monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has improved the outcomes of patients with breast cancer that overexpresses the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). However, despite this advancement, many tumors develop resistance and novel approaches are needed. Recently, a greater understanding of cellular biology has translated into the development of novel anti-HER2 agents with varying mechanisms of action. The small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib has demonstrated activity in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and in the preoperative setting. Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody with a distinct binding site from trastuzumab, which inhibits receptor dimerization. In recent studies, the addition of pertuzumab to combination therapy has led to improvements in progression-free survival in patients with HER2-positive MBC and higher response rates in the preoperative setting. An alternative approach is the use of novel antibody-drug conjugates such as trastuzumab-emtansine, which recently demonstrated activity in MBC. Neratinib, a pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which irreversibly inhibits HER1 and HER2, also has proven activity in MBC. A range of compounds is being developed to attempt to overcome trastuzumab resistance by targeting heat shock protein 90, a molecular chaperone required for the stabilization of cellular proteins. Furthermore, agents are being developed to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin, a downstream component of the PTEN/PI3K pathway, which has been implicated in trastuzumab resistance. Finally, there are emerging data indicating that combinations of anti-HER2 agents may circumvent resistance mechanisms and improve patient outcomes. In this review, recent data on these emerging agents and novel combinations for HER2-positive breast cancer are discussed.
Different Rates of Synthesis and Degradation of Two Chloroplastic Ammonium-Inducible NADP-Specific Glutamate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes during Induction and Deinduction in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> Cells (1987)

The kinetics of accumulation (per milliliter of culture) of the alpha- and beta- subunits, associated with chloroplast-localized ammonium inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) isoenzymes, were measured during a 3 hour induction of synchronized daughter cells of Chlorella sorokiniana in 29 millimolar ammonium medium under photoautotrophic conditions. The beta-subunit holoenzyme(s) accumulated in a linear manner for 3 hours without an apparent induction lag. A 40 minute induction lag preceded the accumulation of the alpha-subunit holoenzyme(s). After 120 minutes, the alpha-subunit ceased accumulating and thereafter remained at a constant level (i.e. steady state between synthesis and degradation). From pulsechase experiments, using (35)SO(4) and immunochemical procedures, the rate of synthesis of the alpha-subunit was shown to be greater than the beta-subunit during the first 80 minutes of induction. The alpha- and beta-subunits had different rates of degradation during the induction period (t((1/2)) = 50 versus 150 minutes, respectively) and during the deinduction period (t((1/2)) = 5 versus 13.5 minutes) after removal of ammonium from the culture. During deinduction, total NADP-GDH activity decreased with a half-time of 9 minutes. Cycloheximide completely inhibited the synthesis and degradation of both subunits. A model for regulation of expression of the NADP-GDH gene was proposed.