gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Functional Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate/Phosphoinositide Binding Domain in the Clathrin Adaptor AP-2 α Subunit. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY (1996)

Clathrin-coated pits are sites of concentration of ligand-bound signaling receptors. Several such receptors are known to recruit, bind, and activate the heterodimeric phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, resulting in the generation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate. We report here that dioctanoyl-phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-P3 binds specifically and saturably to soluble AP-2 and with greater affinity to AP-2 within assembled coat structures. Soluble -myo-inositol hexakisphosphate shows converse behavior. Binding to bovine brain clathrin-coated vesicles is evident only after detergent extraction. These observations and evidence for recognition of the diacylglyceryl backbone as well as the inositol phosphate headgroup are consistent with AP-2 interaction with membrane phosphoinositides in coated vesicles and with soluble inositol phosphates in cytoplasm. A discrete binding domain is identified near the N terminus of the AP-2 alpha subunit, and an expressed fusion protein containing this sequence exhibits specific, high affinity binding that is virtually identical to the parent protein. This region of the AP-2 alpha sequence also shows the greatest conservation between a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog and mammalian alpha, consistent with a function in recognition of an evolutionarily unchanging low molecular weight ligand. Binding of phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate to AP-2 inhibits the protein's clathrin binding and assembly activities. These findings are discussed in the context of the potential roles of phosphoinositides and AP-2 in the internalization and trafficking of cell surface receptors.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF POISSON, BINOMIAL AND NEGATIVE-BINOMIAL DATA (1948)

Journal Article THE TRANSFORMATION OF POISSON, BINOMIAL AND NEGATIVE-BINOMIAL DATA Get access F. J. ANSCOMBE F. J. ANSCOMBE Rothamsted Experimental Station Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 35, Issue 3-4, December 1948, Pages 246–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/35.3-4.246 Published: 01 December 1948
The design on the antenna array with high gain and scanning beam (2012)

Because of the geometrical character of the parabolic cylinder, the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna can be used as the beam scanning antenna with high gain. The paper analyzes the character of the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna firstly, then derives radiant field with the beam scanning character, and finally gives a design example and the measurement results of the parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna fed by a feed array in order to form the scanning beam.
High birefringence in tension-coiled single-mode fibers (1980)

Coiling a single-mode fiber of radius r under tension onto a cylinder of radius R produces a linear birefringence of βtc ≃ 28 × 107∊2r/R deg/m in the fiber at λ = 0.63 μm, where ∊z is the relative fiber elongation. Polarization beat lengths down to 2.5 cm have been realized this way, providing excellent polarization holding.
Generalized Majority Voter Design Method for N-Modular Redundant Systems Used in Mission- and Safety-Critical Applications (2019)

Mission- and safety-critical circuits and systems employ redundancy in their designs to overcome any faults or failures of constituent circuits and systems during the normal operation. In this aspect, the N-modular redundancy (NMR) is widely used. An NMR system is comprised of N identical systems, the corresponding outputs of which are majority voted to generate the system outputs. To perform majority voting, a majority voter is required, and the sizes of majority voters tend to vary depending on an NMR system. Majority voters corresponding to NMR systems are physically realized by enumerating the majority input clauses corresponding to an NMR system and then synthesizing the majority logic equation. The issue is that the number of majority input clauses corresponding to an NMR system is governed by a mathematical combination, the complexity of which increases substantially with increases in the level of redundancy. In this context, the design of a majority voter of any size corresponding to an NMR specification based on a new, generalized design approach is described. The proposed approach is inherently hierarchical and progressive since any NMR majority voter can be constructed from an (N − 2)MR majority voter along with additional logic corresponding to the two extra inputs. Further, the proposed approach paves the way for simultaneous production of the NMR system outputs corresponding to different degrees of redundancy, which is not intrinsic to the existing methods. This feature is additionally useful for any sharing of common logic with diverse degrees of redundancy in appropriate portions of an NMR implementation.
Preparation of NiAl <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> /SiO <sub>2</sub> and Co <sup>2+</sup> ‐Doped NiAl <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> /SiO <sub>2</sub> Nanocomposites by the Sol–Gel Route (2006)

NiAl 2 O 4 /SiO 2 and Co 2+ ‐doped NiAl 2 O 4 /SiO 2 nanocomposite materials of compositions 5% NiO – 6% Al 2 O 3 – 89% SiO 2 and 0.2% CoO – 4.8% NiO – 6% Al 2 O 3 – 89% SiO 2 , respectively, were prepared by a sol–gel process. NiAl 2 O 4 and cobalt‐doped NiAl 2 O 4 nanocrystals were grown in a SiO 2 amorphous matrix at around 1073 K by heating the dried gels from 333 to 1173 K at the rate of 1 K/min. The formations of NiAl 2 O 4 and cobalt‐doped NiAl 2 O 4 nanocrystals in SiO 2 amorphous matrix were confirmed through X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical absorption spectroscopy techniques. The TEM images revealed the uniform distribution of NiAl 2 O 4 and cobalt‐doped NiAl 2 O 4 nanocrystals in the amorphous SiO 2 matrix and the size was found to be ∼5–8 nm.
Compression of the ambulatory ECG by average beat subtraction and residual differencing (1991)

We implemented a method for compression of the abulatory ECG that includes average beat subtraction and first differencing of residual data. Our previous investigations indicated that this method is superior to other compression methods with respect to data rate as a function mean-squared-error distortion. Based on previous results we selected a sample rate of 100 samples per second and a quantization step size of 35 microV. These selections allow storage of 24 h of two-channel ECG data in 4 Mbytes of memory with a minimum rms distortion. For this sample rate and quantization level, we show that estimation of beat location and quantizer location can significantly affect compression performance. Improved compression resulted when beats were located with a temporal resolution of 5 ms and coarse quantization was performed in the compression loop. For the 24-h MIT/BIH arrhythmia database our compression algorithm coded a single-channel of ECG data with an average data rate of 174 bits per second.
Static and Dynamic Rock Mechanical Properties in the Hugoton and Panoma Fields, Kansas (1994)

ABSTRACT An understanding of the mechanical properties of petroleum reservoirs is important for drilling, well stimulation and horizontal well development. Static and dynamic rock mechanical properties were measured on a suite of core samples taken through the Chase and Council Grove carbonate sequences of the Hugoton and Panoma fields, Kansas. The purpose of the study was to characterize the mechanical properties of the different facies and calibrate the dynamic mechanical properties so acoustic well logs from other wells can be utilized more effectively in determining areal and lithologic variation in mechanical properties of the field. The mechanical properties of rocks can be measured in the laboratory from triaxial tests ("static" tests) or they can be estimated from wireline measurements of compressional and shear acoustic velocities and rock density ("dynamic" tests). Static measurements on cores are much more indicative of the mechanical properties of the reservoir than the dynamic results, however, the information from acoustic well logs covers much more of the reservoir than core measurements and is less expensive. Since there can be significant differences between static and dynamic values, it important to be able to translate the "dynamically" derived mechanical properties to the static values which better represent the reservoir. Results of the tests show that Young's modulus correlates strongly with lithofacies and porosity. The Chase and Council Grove carbonate sequences can be separated into six "mechanical facies", defined by their modulus-porosity trends and their lithology. Only small percentages of secondary minerals (dolomite and anhydrite) appear necessary to alter the rocks properties significantly. Poisson's ratio is less sensitive to lithology but correlates with porosity. The dynamic Young's moduli are higher than the static values but dynamic and static Poisson's ratios correlate well with each other for liquid saturated samples. Dynamic to static transforms based on lithofacies were developed from these data to correct the acoustic log derived mechanical properties to static values appropriate for reservoir deformations. The corrected mechanical properties along with the trends observed between mechanical properties, lithofacies, and porosity allow for the design of more effective hydraulic fracture treatments by utilizing accurate values for the reservoir's mechanical properties and their variability.
Understanding the shape of Java software (2006)

Large amounts of Java software have been written since the language's escape into unsuspecting software ecology more than ten years ago. Surprisingly little is known about the structure of Java programs in the wild: about the way methods are grouped into classes and then into packages, the way packages relate to each other, or the way inheritance and composition are used to put these programs together. We present the results of the first in-depth study of the structure of Java programs. We have collected a number of Java programs and measured their key structural attributes. We have found evidence that some relationships follow power-laws, while others do not. We have also observed variations that seem related to some characteristic of the application itself. This study provides important information for researchers who can investigate how and why the structural relationships we find may have originated, what they portend, and how they can be managed.
A Ferrocene-Functionalized [2]Rotaxane with Two Fluorophores as Stoppers (2012)

In the past few decades, bistable [2]rotaxanes have been extensively studied because of their applications in the fields of functional molecules and molecular machines. In this paper, a di-ferrocene-functionalized [2]rotaxane with two fluorophores as stoppers was designed, prepared, and studied. In this bistable [2]rotaxane, a dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycle functionalized with two ferrocene moieties as electron donors can reversibly shuttle between two distinct stations, namely, a dialkylammonium recognition site and a N-methyltriazolium recognition site, by external acid-base stimuli, which has been demonstrated using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. It has been shown that, by introducing two ferrocene units into the macrocycle component, the fluorescence of two fluorescent stoppers, namely, the anthracene fluorophore and the 4-morpholin-naphthalimide fluorophore, can be changed in an alternate mode by an adjustable, distance-dependent photoinduced electron transfer process that occurs between the ferrocene electron donors and each of the two fluorophores.
Comparing Soft-String and Stiff-String Methods Used to Compute Casing Centralization (2014)

Summary Good casing centralization during cementing operations is a key factor for achieving proper mud displacement and obtaining hydraulic isolation in the annulus. To this end, centralizers are often placed along the casing to position it centrally in the borehole. The optimal number of centralizers and their spacing are determined with simulation software. Until now, the industry has typically used calculation methods derived from American Petroleum Institute (API) Spec. 10D (2002, 2004) to predict casing eccentricity in the wellbore. The calculations are based on an analytical soft-string method, which models an element of casing string between two centralizers as a bifixed-ends beam. However, in drilling operations, the use of a numerical stiff-string method to compute torque-and-drag forces is now becoming widespread. It accounts for tubular bending stiffness and provides a more realistic analysis of the stresses and loads acting upon the drillstring and the borehole. The stiff-string technique that is based on the finite-element method is thus proposed as an alternative and more effective solution for computing casing centralization for cementing operations. Measured and calculated casing centralizations were compared in several field cases. The casing eccentricity was measured after the cement placement by use of recently developed ultrasonic logging tools and diagnostics. Discrepancies between analytical and numerical calculation methods were analyzed; then, advantages and disadvantages to each method were assessed. The results of the calculation methods were used to formulate an optimal approach to casing centralization.
Parameter optimization of detecting coil design for fuel ball counter in high temperature gas-cool reactor (2010)

The magnetic shielding effect of the thick walled stainless steel pipe strongly reduces the detection signal of fuel ball counter sensors in the high temperature gas-cooled reactor(HTGR).Optimization of the coil parameters will improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce wrong or missed detection.The finite element method using ANSYS was used to analyze the influences of the stimulant frequency,number of turns,and frame parameters on the detection sensitivity.The simulations were used to develop an optimized fuel ball detection sensor for testing.The simulations and test results show that the sensor gives good performances with a frequency of 4 kHz,150 turns,and a distance between the inner and outer coils of 36 mm.
A Keyword-Set Search System for Peer-to-Peer Networks (2002)

The Keyword-Set Search System (KSS) is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) keyword search system that uses a distributed inverted index. The main challenge in a distributed index and search system is finding the right scheme to partition the index across the nodes in the network. The most obvious scheme would be to partition the index by keyword.
Valoración crediticia de la deuda de las comunidades autónomas españolas: una aplicación del análisis discriminante (1996)

Utilizando la tecnica de Analisis Discriminante, se lleva a cabo una valoracion de los ratings que las agencias Moody's Standard & Poor's conceden a la Deuda emitida por diversas Comunidades Autonomas espanolas. Se definen y contrastan cuatro modelos. En el primero, se introducen exclusivamente variables presupuestarias. El resultado obtenido apunta a las CC.AA. de Andalucia y Valencia como las que mas prudentemente han llevado a cabo la politica fiscal, consiguiendo la puntuacion mas alta, El segundo modelo agrega a las variables del primero el grado de diversificacionproductiva medido por la aportacion de cada sector a la formacion del PIB regional. En estos dos casos las CC.AA. con tejido productivo mas diversificado y mayor nivel de riqueza relativa alcanzan los primeros puestos en cuanto a puntuacion global del rating. Por ultimo, el cuatro modelo anade el grado de autonomia financiera medido por la proporcion de ingresos propios en relacion a los ingresos totales. Pais Vasco, Navarra y, en menor medida, Cataluna, aparecen claramente beneficiadas por la introduccion de esta variable. Tenemos que destacar que el unico modelo que no se ajusta a los ratings asignados por las agencias es el primero, esto es, el que contiene solo variables presupuestarias que pueden controlar directamente los gobiernos regionales. Los otros tres modelos asigna un rating igual al de las agencias. Por ultimo, se asigna un rating teorico a otras CC.AA. No calificadas. La tecnica utilizada permite realizar previsiones de calificacion.
Chemical Cross-Linking and High-Performance Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Protein Interaction Analysis:  Application to a Calmodulin/Target Peptide Complex (2004)

Chemical cross-linking has proved successful in combination with mass spectrometry as a tool for low-resolution structure determination of proteins. The integration of chemical cross-linking with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry to determine protein interfaces was tested on the calcium-dependent complex between calmodulin (CaM) and a 26-amino acid peptide derived from the skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (M13). Different amine-reactive, homobifunctional cross-linkers and a "zero-length" cross-linker were employed. The covalently attached complexes were separated from nonreacted proteins by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the bands of interest were excised and in-gel digested with trypsin. Digestion of the cross-linked complexes resulted in complicated peptide mixtures, which were analyzed by nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry. The distance constraints obtained by chemical cross-linking were in agreement with the published NMR structure of the CaM/M13 complex, pointing to residues Lys-18 and Lys-19 of M13 being cross-linked with the central alpha-helix of CaM. Thus, the integrated approach described herein has proven to be an efficient tool for mapping the topology of the CaM/M13 complex. As such it is applicable as a general strategy for the investigation of the spatial organization of protein complexes and complements existing techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy.
Spontaneous M6 protein size mutants of group A streptococci display variation in antigenic and opsonogenic epitopes. (1988)

Deletions of highly, but not entirely, homologous intragenic sequence repeats result in amino acid sequence and conformational changes in the M proteins of spontaneous M protein-size variants of group A streptococci. To determine if antigenic changes occurred as a result of these deletion mutations, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies with defined epitopes were used in competition assays. Competing antigens were either purified pepsin-derived fragments (representing the amino-terminal half of the molecule) of parent and mutant M proteins or were intact bacterial cells. These assays showed that antigenic variation occurred at the site(s) of these deletions but not at adjacent or distant epitopes. Once cleaved from the bacterium by pepsin, the M molecules also underwent conformational changes, which were reflected in their ability to compete. A monoclonal antibody opsonic for M6 streptococci lost its ability to completely opsonize one of the size mutants in this study. Therefore, spontaneous intragenic events between repeats within emm-6, the structural gene for the M6 protein, do result in structural variations within the mutant M molecules. This variation alters the ability of certain antibodies, originally produced in response to sequences in the parental M molecule, to bind to the mutant M molecules or opsonize the mutant organisms. Group A streptococci have evolved a mechanism for generating antigenic diversity that differs from currently known mechanisms in other bacterial species.
Combining macula clinical signs and patient characteristics for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis: a machine learning approach (2015)

Both black-box and white box methods performed well in identifying diagnoses of AMD and their decision pathways. Machine learning models developed through the proposed approach, relying on clinical signs identified by retinal specialists, could be embedded into EHR to provide physicians with real time (interpretable) support.
Two‐year experience with aerobic culturing of apheresis and whole blood–derived platelets (2006)

These data corroborate the fact that the rate of detection of truly contaminated PLT apheresis products in the United States is approximately 1 in 5000 (0.02%); this is lower than the 0.03 to 0.05 percent rates that were generally quoted in the literature before the implementation of prospective bacterial culturing programs.
Isolation and Characterization of an Fe(III)-Chelating Compound Produced by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> (1986)

The phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae produces a fluorescent pigment when it is grown in iron-deficient media. This pigment forms a very stable Fe(III) complex that was purified in this form by using a novel procedure based on ultrafiltration and column chromatography. The Fe(III) complex has a molecular weight of 1,100 and contains 1 mol of Fe(III). The pigment is composed of an amino acid moiety with three threonines, three serines, one lysine, delta-N-hydroxyornithine, and a quinoline-type fluorescent chromophore. These features and its stability constant (in the range of 10) suggest that the fluorescent pigment of P. syringae is related to the siderophores produced by another Pseudomonas species.
Competitive algorithms for the dynamic selection of component implementations (2003)

As component-based development matures, more and more applications are built by integrating multiple distributed components. We suggest providing components with multiple implementations, each optimized for a particular workload, and augmenting the component run-time environment with a mechanism for switching between implementations. This mechanism monitors the types of requests the component is receiving, and adaptively switches implementations for optimal application performance. Achieving this optimal performance depends on making good choices as to when and how to switch implementations, a problem we refer to as the adaptive component problem. We first formalize the generic problem, and then provide an algorithm, named Delta, for switching implementations in the special case when the component has exactly two implementations. We show that this algorithm is (3 + epsilon)-competitive with respect to the optimal algorithm, where epsilon is a small fraction. We establish a 3-competitive lower bound for the problem, which implies that Delta is close to optimal. We describe two applications of these results to the distributed pub/sub problem, and the data structure selection problem.
DMRG Study of the Striped Phase in the 2D t-J model (1997)

Using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), we study the 2D t-J model at a hole doping of x=1/8 on clusters as large as 19x8. We find a striped phase which is consistent with recent neutron scattering experiments. We find that bond-centered and site-centered stripes have nearly the same energy, suggesting that in the absence of pinning effects the domain walls can fluctuate.