gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The cytotoxins alpha-sarcin and ricin retain their specificity when tested on a synthetic oligoribonucleotide (35-mer) that mimics a region of 28 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. (1988)

An oligoribonucleotide (35-mer) that mimics the alpha-sarcin and the ricin region of eukaryotic 28 S rRNA was transcribed in vitro from a synthetic template with T7 RNA polymerase and was used to test whether the specificity of the hydrolysis by the toxins was retained. alpha-Sarcin, at a low concentration, cleaved a single phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of a guanosine residue in the synthetic oligomer that corresponds to G-4325 in 28 S rRNA, the site of action of the toxin in intact ribosomes. At a high concentration of alpha-sarcin, the substrate (35-mer) was hydrolyzed after each of its purines. alpha-Sarcin was without an effect on a synthetic RNA (20-mer) that reproduces the near universal sequence of nucleotides in the loop, but lacks the stem, of the toxin's domain. Thus, the specificity of the attack of alpha-sarcin on a precise region of 28 S rRNA appears to be contingent on the sequence of the nucleotides and the structure of the domain. Ricin depurinated a nucleotide in the synthetic oligomer (35-mer), and in the presence of aniline the phosphoribose backbone was cleaved at a position that conforms to A-4324 in 28 S rRNA, the site of action of the toxin in vivo.
Ion Mobility Separations of Isomers based upon Long Path Length Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations Combined with Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omic measurements, including proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics, are increasingly transforming our ability to characterize and understand biological systems. Multi-omic analyses and the desire for comprehensive measurement coverage presently have limitations due to the chemical diversity and range of abundances of biomolecules in complex samples. Advances addressing these challenges increasingly are based upon the ability to quickly separate, react and otherwise manipulate sample components for analysis by MS. Here we report on a new approach using Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) to enable long serpentine path ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) separations followed by MS analyses. This approach provides previously unachieved resolution for biomolecular species, in conjunction with more effective ion utilization, and a basis for greatly improved characterization of very small sample sizes.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: report of a case responding to chemotherapy (1980)

Metastases of basal cell carcinoma are very uncommon. Only 10 reported cases have been treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, and no good responses have been documented. The case is presented of a 54-year-old male who had several basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) removed surgically and who, 12 years after his first presentation, developed respiratory symptoms related to metastatic pulmonary BCCs. These failed to respond to initial chemotherapy with methotrexate, bleomycin, and vincristine, but regressed when treated with cyclophosphamide and cis-diamine dichloroplatinum.
DNA ploidy in prostate cancer: potential measurement as a surrogate endpoint biomarker. (1994)

Measurements of DNA ploidy have considerable promise for serving as surrogate endpoint biomarkers (SEBs) for prostate carcinoma. Studies of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissue by flow cytometry (FCM), image analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for ploidy invariably show normal DNA content and chromosome numbers. In contrast, most aggressive prostate cancers are aneuploid, particularly when new, sensitive methodologies are applied. Certain tumors which have appeared to be DNA diploid by FCM can be shown to be aneuploid with only one or a few abnormal chromosomes by FISH studies. Certain cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) are also known to be aneuploid by FISH ploidy using alpha satellite probes for centromere counting. The latest data suggest abnormalities of chromosomes 7 and 8 are most frequently detected. Therefore, a surrogate endpoint assay which detects aneusomies of chromosomes 7 or 8 in histologically normal or dysplastic prostate tissue might serve as a very significant intermediate endpoint biomarker to identify neoplastic prostate cells on their way to becoming clinically aggressive prostate carcinomas.
Polar Effect of Successive Fluorination of Dimethyl Carbonate on Physical Properties (2007)

Abstract Successive fluorination of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) exerts a polar effect on various fundamental properties. We describe the temperature dependence of the mass density (ρ), refractive index (nD), relative permittivity (εr), dynamic viscosity (η), and kinematic viscosity (ν) of trifluorinated, difluorinated, and monofluorinated DMCs (TFDMC, DFDMC, and MFDMC, respectively). η decreased in essentially the same order as εr: DFDMC &gt; TFDMC &gt; MFDMC &gt; DMC. However, ν and the boiling point of the TFDMC were lower than those of the MFDMC.
Synthesis and conformational study of poly(0,0′‐dicarbobenzoxy‐<scp>L</scp>‐β‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐α‐alanine) (1977)

Abstract High‐molecular‐weight poly(0,0′‐dicarbobenzoxy‐ L ‐β‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐α‐alanine) was prepared by the N ‐carboxyanhydride method. From the results obtained by a study of the optical rotation, nuclear magnetic resonance, and solution infrared absorption, the conformation of poly(0,0′‐dicarbobenzoxy‐ L ‐β‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐α‐alanine) depended greatly on the solvent taking a right‐handed helix with [θ] 225 = −13,600 ∼ −18,900 in alkyl halides, a left‐handed helix with [θ] 228 = 22,100 ∼ 24,800 in cyclic ethers or trimethylphosphate, and a random coil structure in dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or hexafluoroacetone sesquihydrate. The polypeptide underwent a right‐handed helix‐coil transition in chloroform/dichloroacetic acid (or trifluoroacetic acid) mixed solvents and a left‐handed helix‐coil transition in dioxane/dichloroacetic acid (or trifluoroacetic acid) mixed solvents. The results were compared with those of poly(0‐carbobenzoxy‐ L ‐tyrosine).
Study of subjective and objective quality assessment of retargeted images (2012)

This paper presents the result of a recent large-scale subjective study of image retargeting quality on a collection of images generated by several representative image retargeting methods. Owning to many approaches to image retargeting that are developed, there is a need for a diverse independent public database of the retargeted images and the corresponding subjective scores that is freely available. We build an image retargeting quality database, in which 171 retargeted images (obtained from 57 natural source images of different contents) were generated by several representative image retargeting methods. The perceptual quality of each image is evaluated by at least 30 human subjects and the mean opinion scores (MOS) were recorded. Furthermore, several publicly available quality metrics for the retargeted images are evaluated on the built database. The database is made available [1] to the research community in order to further research on the perceptual quality assessment of the retargeted images.
Preparation of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries by a Citric Acid Complex Method (2006)

LiFePO4 powders were prepared by a citric acid complex method. The effects of source composition and firing conditions on the formation of LiFePO4 were investigated. Single phase and well-crystallized LiFePO4 powders were obtained at 500°C for 5h. The particle size of the obtained powder is smaller than that of powder prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method.
TFIIIC1 Acts through a Downstream Region To Stabilize TFIIIC2 Binding to RNA Polymerase III Promoters (1996)

An in vitro system reconstituted with highly purified RNA polymerase III, TFIIIC2, and TFIIIB has been used to identify two chromatographically distinct human RNA polymerase III transcription factors, TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC1', which are functionally equivalent to the previously defined TFIIIC1 (S. T. Yoshinaga, P. A. Boulanger, and A. J. Berk, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3585-3589, 1987). Interactions between TFIIIC2, TFIIIC1 (or TFIIIC1'), and the VA1 and tRNA1(Met) templates have been investigated by DNase I footprint analysis. Homogeneous TFIIIC2 alone shows only a weak footprint over the B-box region of the VA1 and tRNA1(Met) templates, whereas TFIIIC1 (or TFIIIC1') alone shows both a strong interaction over the downstream termination region and a very weak interaction near the A-box region. Importantly, when both factors are present simultaneously, TFIIIC1 (or TFIIIC1') dramatically enhances the level of TFIIIC2 binding and extends the footprint to a region that includes the A box. The downstream termination region is essential for this cooperative interaction between TFIIIC2 and TFIIIC1 (or TFIIIC1') on the VA1 and tRNA1(Met) templates and plays a role in the overall accuracy and efficiency of RNA polymerase III transcription.
Anisotropic Tribological Properties of Silicon Carbide (1980)

The effects of crystallographic orientation on the tribological properties of single-crystal silicon carbide surfaces in contact with various solids are investigated for adhesive and abrasive wear processes. In the adhesive wear process, the adhesion and wear of silicon carbide is found to be markedly dependent on crystallographic orientation. The force resisting shearing fracture of the adhesive bonds at the interface is lower in preferred crystallographic direction of slip. In the abrasive wear process, the 1 0 -1 0 direction on the basal plane of silicon carbide exhibits the lowest coefficient of friction and the greatest resistance to abrasion.
Revealing the threat of emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations to antibody therapies (2021)

The ongoing massive vaccination and the development of effective intervention offer the long-awaited hope to end the global rage of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapidly growing SARS-CoV-2 variants might compromise existing vaccines and monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies. Although there are valuable experimental studies about the potential threats from emerging variants, the results are limited to a handful of mutations and Eli Lilly and Regeneron mAbs. The potential threats from frequently occurring mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) to many mAbs in clinical trials are largely unknown. We fill the gap by developing a topology-based deep learning strategy that is validated with tens of thousands of experimental data points. We analyze 261,348 genome isolates from patients to identify 514 non-degenerate RBD mutations and investigate their impacts on 16 mAbs in clinical trials. Our findings, which are highly consistent with existing experimental results about variants from the UK, South Africa, Brazil, US-California, and Mexico shed light on potential threats of 95 high-frequency mutations to mAbs not only from Eli Lilly and Regeneron but also from Celltrion and Rockefeller University that are in clinical trials. We unveil, for the first time, that high-frequency mutations R346K/S, N439K, G446V, L455F, V483F/A, E484Q/V/A/G/D, F486L, F490L/V/S, Q493L, and S494P/L might compromise some of mAbs in clinical trials. Our study gives rise to a general perspective about how mutations will affect current vaccines.
White, Anglo-Celtic Male - Black, Melanesia Female: A Valid Research Situation? (2007)

The issue of power relationships and power gradients between researcher and researched are significant considerations in the conduct of qualitative fieldwork. The validity of responses to questions asked as well as the possibility of the appropriation of information gained are areas for serious consideration. Personal relationships are another area of concern for some researchers as objectivity can also questioned. Personal relationships, cultural and gender difference need not be obstacles to good qualitative research. Indeed they can work to ensure truthfulness and objectivity to the responses of the researched person in some situations.
Site‐specific transgenesis of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Y‐chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9 (2018)

Despite the importance of Y-chromosomes in evolution and sex determination, their heterochromatic, repeat-rich nature makes them difficult to sequence (due, in part, to ambiguities in sequence alignment and assembly) and to genetically manipulate. Therefore, they generally remain poorly understood. For example, the Drosophila melanogaster Y-chromosome, one of the most extensively studied Y-chromosomes, is widely heterochromatic and composed mainly of highly repetitive sequences, with only a handful of expressed genes scattered throughout its length. Efforts to insert transgenes on this chromosome have thus far relied on either random insertion of transposons (sometimes harbouring 'landing sites' for subsequent integrations) with limited success or on chromosomal translocations, thereby limiting the types of Y-chromosome-related questions that could be explored. Here, we describe a versatile approach to site-specifically insert transgenes on the Y-chromosome in D. melanogaster via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair. We demonstrate the ability to insert, and detect expression from, fluorescently marked transgenes at two specific locations on the Y-chromosome, and we utilize these marked Y-chromosomes to detect and quantify rare chromosomal nondisjunction effects. Finally, we discuss how this Y-docking technique could be adapted to other insects to aid in the development of genetic control technologies for the management of insect disease vectors and pests.
Database Replication Using Epidemic Update (2000)

Due to severe performance penalties associated with synchronous replication, there is an increasing interest in asynchronous replica management protocols in which database transactions are executed locally, and the effects of these transactions are incorporated asynchronously on remote database copies. However, the asynchronous protocols currently in use either do not guarantee consistency and serializability as needed by transactional semantics or they impose restrictions on placement of data and on which data objects can be updated. In this paper we investigate an epidemic update protocol that guarantees consistency and serializability in spite of a write-anywhere capability. We conducted experiments on a detailed simulation of a distributed, replicated database to evaluate this protocol. Our results establish that this epidemic approach is indeed a viable alternative to traditional eager update protocols for a distributed database environment where consistency and full seri...
Reporting of Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials (2006)

The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement, including a checklist and a flow diagram, was developed to help authors improve their reporting of randomized controlled trials. Its primary focus was on individually randomized trials with 2 parallel groups that assess the possible superiority of one treatment compared with another but is now being extended to other trial designs. Noninferiority and equivalence trials have methodological features that differ from superiority trials and present particular difficulties in design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation. Although the rationale for such trials occurs frequently, those designed and described specifically as noninferiority or equivalence trials appear less commonly in the medical literature. The quality of reporting of those that are published is often inadequate. In this article, we present an adapted CONSORT checklist for reporting noninferiority and equivalence trials and provide illustrative examples and explanations for those items amended from the original CONSORT checklist. The intent is to improve reporting of noninferiority and equivalence trials, enabling readers to assess the validity of their results and conclusions.
Responsiveness of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma to tamoxifen. A gynecologic oncology group study of second-line therapy in 105 patients (1991)

One hundred five patients with Stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer whose disease had persisted or recurred after primary surgery and first-line chemotherapy were given tamoxifen (20 mg orally twice daily) and evaluated for response. Eighteen percent of the patients responded: 10% demonstrated a complete response (CR) and 8% showed a partial response (PR). Thirty-eight percent of the patients had short-term disease stabilization. CR had a median duration of 7.5 months, with the longest lasting 17 months. For patients with PR or stable disease, the median duration of response was 3 months (maximum duration, 9 months). When estrogen receptors of tumor tissue from patients demonstrating CR were evaluated, eight of nine (89%) had elevated estrogen receptor levels. This contrasts with patients who had stable or progressive disease as only 59% of them had measurable estrogen receptors (P = 0.16).
Image Indexing and Retrieval Using Spatial Chromatic Histograms and Signatures (2002)

We introduce an innovative image retrieval algorithm, the Dynamic Spatial Chromatic Histogram, that makes it possible to take into account spatial information in a flexible way without drastically increasing the computation cost. The results of experimental trials on a database of about 3000 images are here reported and compared with Spatial Chromatic Histogram matching and more standard techniques based on human perceptual judgments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed.
Hepatitis C virus infection and long-term survivors of childhood cancer: Issues for the pediatric oncology nurse (2001)

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major public health concern today because of its prevalence in the United States. Acute HCV is commonly asymptomatic and often results in chronic disease. However, symptoms related to chronic disease may not appear for decades. Patients with HCV have a broad spectrum of symptoms, which vary from elevated liver function test results to cirrhosis, liver cancer and end stage liver disease. Past treatment therapies have not been highly effective; however, a new treatment is currently available. Today, many high-risk activities are associated with HCV infection. Blood transfusions are no longer a risk factor. However, 20% of individuals who received transfused blood products contracted hepatitis C nearly two decades ago. Therefore, cancer survivors who received blood products to combat chemotherapy induced anemia and thrombocytopenia before 1980 represent a population at risk. It is important that nurses caring for these patients understand the pathophysiology, etiology, transmission, and course of HCV. This knowledge will enable nurses to encourage serological testing to identify infected individuals. Once identified, patients with hepatitis C can receive social support and appropriate referrals to help them deal with the psychosocial issues related to long-term effects and secondary illnesses.
Carbon nanotube growth for field-emission cathodes from graphite paste using Ar-ion bombardment (2005)

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MW-CNT) have been synthesized from solid-phase graphite. The graphite is deposited as a thick-film paste and irradiated with a 1.2keV flood Ar-ion beam, transforming the graphite surface to a composite of MW-CNT embedded in the graphite matrix. Micro-Raman measurements have verified that the nanotubes are metallic in nature. The technique was used to make printed field-emission cathodes. Emission from these cathodes demonstrates Fowler–Nordheim tunneling characteristics. The irradiated film emits at an extraction field of 5.0V∕μm, which is less than one-sixth of the minimum extraction field of the nonirradiated graphite film, and exhibit lower noise and greater emission uniformity.
A method for noise suppression in image morphing using co-occurrence frequency image (2011)

This paper proposes a method for suppressing the noise in image morphing due to the incorrect correspondence between the texture edge borders. The proposed method was applied to the situation where there are some ill correspondences between input images. In the proposed method, the incorrectly corresponded region is detected by using the co-occurrence frequency image (CFI). A smart method for suppressing morphing noise was applied to the detected region. Experimental considerations and the coming subjects are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Kilometer-range, high resolution depth imaging via 1560 nm wavelength single-photon detection (2013)

This paper highlights a significant advance in time-of-flight depth imaging: by using a scanning transceiver which incorporated a free-running, low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, we were able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in daylight at stand-off distances of the order of one kilometer at the relatively eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm. The detector used had an efficiency of 18% at 1 kHz dark count rate, and the overall system jitter was ~100 ps. The depth images were acquired by illuminating the scene with an optical output power level of less than 250 µW average, and using per-pixel dwell times in the millisecond regime.
Camellianoside, a Novel Antioxidant Glycoside from the Leaves of<i>Camellia japonica</i> (2006)

A novel flavonol glycoside named camellianoside and three known flavonol glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Camellia japonica. The structure of camellianoside was established as quercetin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The antioxidant activities of these glycosides evaluated by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging reaction was higher than those of L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid used as the reference antioxidants.
"Bottom, thou art translated": the making of VRML Dream (1999)

Bringing virtual theater to the Web requires 3D graphics, efficient networking, and strong content. We discuss the VRML Dream Project, a real time Internet performance. In the late summer of 1997, the authors sat in a pub in Toronto, Canada, and began planning an ambitious project: to create a new entertainment medium. The idea was to mount a live performance of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and "broadcast" it over the Internet. The sets, props, and all the characters were to be modeled using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 2.0. A group of actors would provide the voices, and puppeteers would control the characters. Both the voices and the motion data would be digitized, compressed, and sent out over the Internet in real time. Moreover, people would be able to access this broadcast with a 28.8-Kbps modem connection and a 150-MHz Pentium computer. Less than six months later, VRML Dream made Internet history (D. Coco, 1998). VRML Dream was the first live, streaming, VRML entertainment project with a running time of more than two or three minutes, and it proved that streaming both motion and voice data over standard Internet connections was possible. The article looks at the development of the project, its models and technology, and the main issues that influenced the final design. It also examines the technology needed to create live, streaming, real time 3D animation for the Internet as well as some of the challenges that lie ahead.