gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General Preparation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Aryl Amines by the Oxidative Coupling of Polyfunctional Aryl and Heteroaryl Amidocuprates (2006)

A tolerant reaction: Functionalized tertiary amines have been prepared by the oxidative coupling of amidocuprates with chloranil used as the oxidant (see Scheme). A high tolerance of functional groups and insensitivity to steric hindrance characterize this general amination reaction.
The transient subthreshold response of spherical and cylindrical cell models to extracellular stimulation (1992)

The effect of extracellular stimulation on excitable tissue is evaluated using analytical models. Primary emphasis is placed on the determination of the rate of rise of the membrane potential in response to subthreshold stimulation. Three models are studied: 1) a spherical cell in a uniform electric field, 2) an infinite cylindrical fiber with a point source stimulus, and 3) a finite length cable with sealed ends and a stimulus electrode at each end. Results show that the rate of rise of the transmembrane potential was more rapid than the step response of a space-clamped membrane for all geometries considered. The response of the cylindrical fiber to extracellular stimulation is compared to previously reported studies of the cylindrical fiber response to intracellular stimulation. It is found that the location of the stimulus has little effect on the infinite fiber response. For terminated cables, however, an accurate model of stimulus response must discriminate between intracellular and extracellular stimulation.
A highly sensitive multimodal capacitive tactile sensor (2017)

As technology develops, manufacture process becomes more and more automated using robots. There is demand for high performance tactile sensor which can support robotic grippers in manipulation tasks especially for unstructured flexible objects. Despite the efforts that have been spent, the fabrication process of those functional sensor remains complicated due to their requirement of specialized materials and equipment. The proposed multimodal sensor overcomes the difficulty by enhancing the electrical and mechanical design therefore simplifying the manufacture steps. In this version, static and dynamic sensing are integrated in the same layer of capacitive sensor with direct written microstructured dielectric. This structure allows it to have large range of force sensing as well as the ability of detecting contact events such as slippage or losing of contact.
Media compression via data hiding (2002)

Data hiding procedures embed digital data in a host audio, image or video signal. The embedded data is perceptually and statistically invisible until extracted by the proper algorithm. In this paper we investigate the use of data hiding for media compression. We propose a media compression scheme which applies data hiding procedures to "fold" a media signal into itself. Specifically the media signal to be compressed is split into host and residual parts. The residual part is compressed and embedded into the host part. The host part is compressed with standard compression techniques and transmitted to the decoder. As a result, only part of the original signal is needed to be compressed, and the perceptual quality of the compressed signal is not sacrificed. Bit rate reduction by the proposed method is proportional to the redundancy and irrelevancy remaining in the compressed signal. The proposed scheme works since no current compression schemes can completely remove the redundancy and irrelevancy in a signal.
Emission-Tunable Near-Infrared Ag<sub>2</sub>S Quantum Dots (2011)

Emission-tunable near-infrared Ag2S quantum dots covering from 690 to 1227 nm have been successfully synthesized. By varying the injection temperature and growth time, the fluorescence emissions could be tuned from 690 to 820 nm. After seed-mediated growth, the fluorescence emission increased to 1227 nm.
A murine skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury model: differential pathology in BALB/c and DBA/2N mice (1998)

Ischemia-reperfusion injuries can occur with diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke and during surgical procedures such as organ transplantation and correction of aortic aneurysms. We developed a murine model to mimic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with cross-clamping of the aorta distal to the renal artery. After model development, we compared the normal complement BALB/c mouse with the C5-deficient DBA/2N mouse. To assess quantitative differences, we measured neuromuscular function up to 72 h after ischemia with a subjective clinical scoring system, as well as plasma chemistries, hematology, and histopathology. There were significant increases in clinical scores and creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and muscle histopathology scores in BALB/c mice compared with those in DBA/2N mice and sham-surgery mice. Muscle histopathology scores of the cranial tibialis and quadriceps correlated well with clinical signs, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and indicated the greatest pathology in these muscle groups. We developed a murine model of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury that can utilize the benefits of murine genetic and transgenic models to assess therapeutic principles of this model. Additionally, we have shown a significant reduction in clinical signs, plasma muscle enzyme concentrations, and muscle pathology in the C5-deficient DBA/2N mouse in this model.
IS901, a new member of a widespread class of atypical insertion sequences, is associated with pathogenicity in <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> (1991)

An insertion sequence (IS901), found in pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium avium, but absent in M. avium complex isolates from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been isolated and sequenced. This insertion element has a nucleotide sequence of 1472 bp, with one open reading frame (ORF1), which codes for a protein of 401 amino acids. The amino acid sequence, terminal ends and target site of IS901 are similar to those of IS900, present in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. However, the DNA sequences of these two IS elements exhibit only 60% homology, compared to a DNA homology of 98% between their respective hosts. IS901, like IS900, appears to belong to a family of related insertion elements present in actinomycetes and other bacteria. M. avium strains containing IS901 were found to be more virulent in mice than closely related strains lacking IS901. IS901 may be a useful tool for the study of the genetics of virulence in the M. avium complex and for obtaining stable integration of foreign genes into mycobacteria.
Immunological properties of recombinant porin of Haemophilus influenzae type b expressed in Bacillus subtilis (1993)

The major surface-located, channel-forming protein in the outer membrane of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is porin (341 amino acids; M(r), 37,782). In order to generate Hib porin that is devoid of lipooligosaccharides and capsular polysaccharide, the Hib porin gene ompP2 was subcloned into a plasmid vector and recombinant Hib porin was expressed in Bacillus subtilis. Recombinant porin was produced in large quantities in B. subtilis and formed intracellular inclusion bodies. Recombinant porin was extracted from inclusion bodies and shown to be active in forming pores in synthetic black lipid membranes. However, these pores demonstrated different pore characteristics than wild-type Hib porin. Mouse hyperimmune sera against recombinant porin were generated and subjected to epitope scanning with a library of 336 overlapping synthetic hexapeptides that corresponded to the entire sequence of Hib porin. The epitope specificities of the anti-recombinant porin antibodies were similar to those of antibodies against Hib porin: selected regions near the amino terminus which include a buried loop in the native structure of Hib porin were more immunogenic than regions at the carboxy terminus. Although some mouse anti-recombinant porin antibodies mediated complement-dependent binding to Hib by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in opsonophagocytosis assays, the antibodies were not bactericidal, nor did they abrogate bacteremia in the infant rat model of infection. It was concluded that the native state of Hib porin is required for the generation of a protective immune response against the bacterium.
An adaptive retrofit reconfigurable flight controller (2003)

In this paper we propose an adaptive retrofit reconfigurable control (ARRC) algorithm suitable for flight control applications. The algorithm is relatively simple and easy to implement, and assures that the control objective will be achieved despite the presence of the unknown loss of effectiveness of the control effectors. The proposed approach retains the existing nominal controller and adds a suitably chosen signal that assures that the desired closed-loop performance is achieved despite the failure. The approach is based on the properties of the system controlled by the nominal controller, and judiciously chosen adaptation signals. Performance of the resulting closed-loop system is illustrated through simulations of the F/A-18C/D aircraft in the presence of loss of effectiveness of multiple critical control effectors.
Competitive Performance of Carbon “Quantum” Dots in Optical Bioimaging (2012)

Carbon-based "quantum" dots or carbon dots are surface-functionalized small carbon nanoparticles. For bright fluorescence emissions, the carbon nanoparticles may be surface-doped with an inorganic salt and then the same organic functionalization. In this study, carbon dots without and with the ZnS doping were prepared, followed by gel-column fractionation to harvest dots of 40% and 60% in fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. These highly fluorescent carbon dots were evaluated for optical imaging in mice, from which bright fluorescence images were obtained. Of particular interest was the observed competitive performance of the carbon dots in vivo to that of the well-established CdSe/ZnS QDs. The results suggest that carbon dots may be further developed into a new class of high-performance yet nontoxic contrast agents for optical bioimaging.
Selection of DDX5 as a novel internal control for Q-RT-PCR from microarray data using a block bootstrap re-sampling scheme (2007)

Together, these quantification strategies for Q-RT-PCR data processing procedure, which focused on minimal variation, ought to significantly facilitate internal control evaluation and selection for Q-RT-PCR when corroborating microarray data.
Wildcatters welcome: the need for new antimicrobial agents (2004)

‘Many large pharmaceutical companies with rich histories of producing anti-infective agents eliminated their antibacterial discovery groups entirely.’ In a 1969 address to the US Congress, the Surgeon General suggested that it was time to close the book on infectious diseases [1]. Twenty years of successes associated with clinical use of penicillin and other antimicrobial agents had buoyed the hopes of clinicians and the public alike. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry was on the verge of a dramatic expansion in developing new antimicrobial agents that would offer broader coverage, improved safety and more convenient dosing regimens. The success of the smallpox and polio vaccines suggested that major viral illnesses would be controlled and yeasts and molds had not yet become common
Does the Human Skeletal Muscle Harbor the Murine Equivalents of Cardiac Precursor Cells? (2009)

The limited plasticity of adult muscle- or bone marrow- derived stem cells intended for cardiac regeneration impedes their conversion into cardiomyocytes. Since murine skeletal muscle was reported to harbor cardiac precursor cells, we assessed whether similar cells exist in man. Skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from 39 patients were sorted by flow cytometry which generated three populations (CD90+/CD34(-), CD34+/CD90(-), CD90(-)/CD34(-)) expressing similar levels of cardiac (Nkx2.5, cTn-T, cTn-I, Cx43) and skeletal muscle (Myf-5, MyoD, myogenin) mRNAs, as assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. However, compared to unpurified myoblasts, CD34+/CD90(-) cells expressed greater amounts of endothelium-specific mRNAs and were, therefore, selected for transplantation experiments. Thirty immunosuppressed rats then underwent coronary artery ligation and, 4 weeks later, were intramyocardially injected with culture medium, myoblasts, or CD34+/CD90(-) cells. After 1 month, left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in the CD34+/CD90(-) group than in the control and myoblast-injected hearts, which was associated with smaller fibrosis and greater angiogenesis. The low engraftment rate suggested a paracrine mechanism supported by the greater release of growth factors by CD34+/CD90(-) cells than by unsorted myoblasts. In conclusion, the human skeletal muscle does not harbor cardiac-specified cells but contains a CD34+ fraction endowed with an angiogenic potential providing superior functional and structural benefits.
Electronic Structure and Stability of the CH3NH3PbBr3 (001) Surface (2016)

The energetics and the electronic structure of methylammonium lead bromine (CH3NH3PbBr3) perovskite (001) surfaces are studied based on density functional theory. By examining the surface grand potential, we predict that the CH3NH3Br-terminated (001) surface is energetically more favorable than the PbBr2-terminated (001) surface, under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of bulk CH3NH3PbBr3. The electronic structure of each of these two different surface terminations retains some of the characteristics of the bulk, while new surface states are found near band edges which may affect the photovoltaic performance in the solar cells based on CH3NH3PbBr3. The calculated electron affinity of CH3NH3PbBr3 reveals a sizable difference for the two surface terminations, indicating a possibility of tuning the band offset between the halide perovskite and adjacent electrode with proper interface engineering.
Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas spp (2012)

A novel biochemical technique, the Carba NP test, has been evaluated to detect carbapenemase production in Pseudomonas spp. This test was specific (100%), sensitive (94.4%), and rapid (<2 h). This cost-effective test, which could be implemented in any microbiology laboratory, offers a reliable technique for identification of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp.
Polarimetric infrared spectroscopic imaging using quantum cascade lasers (2020)

Infrared spectroscopic imaging has emerged as a powerful label-free diagnostic tool to study the molecular composition and organization in biological tissues and cells. We report infrared spectroscopic imaging using polarized light to study differential absorption of plane-polarized light by an oriented sample to detect valuable information, such as, birefringence and dichroism. For instance, the organization of collagen, specifically fiber orientation and alignment, is crucial in understanding the progression and metastasis of cancer. Recent advancements in the development of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) sources have opened new avenues for high SNR measurements in the field of IR spectroscopy. In addition, QCL sources are intrinsically polarized and orientation information can be obtained at discrete frequencies with different polarization orientations, allowing much faster acquisition than a corresponding FT-IR approach. We demonstrate improved performance in terms of fast and comprehensive polarimetric image acquisition and analysis using custom-built QCL microscope and evaluate its impact on applications by analyzing the important spectral bands of surgical tissue sections.
DEHAR: A distributed energy harvesting aware routing algorithm for ad-hoc multi-hop wireless sensor networks (2010)

One of the key design goals in Wireless Sensor Networks is long lasting or even continuous operation. Continuous operation is made possible through energy harvesting. Keeping the network operational imposes a demand to prevent network segmentation and power loss in nodes. It is therefore important that the best energy-wise route is found for each data transfer from a source node to the sink node. We present a new adaptive and distributed routing algorithm for finding energy optimised routes in a wireless sensor network with energy harvesting. The algorithm finds an energy efficient route from each source node to a single sink node, taking into account the current energy status of the network. By simulation, the algorithm is shown to be able to adapt to changes in harvested and stored energy. Simulations show that continuous operation is possible.
Planar-buried-heterostructure laser diodes with oxidized AlAs insulating current blocking (1999)

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel planar-buried-heterostructure laser diode that includes oxidized AlAs current blocking layers exhibiting the overall lasing performance improvement. Superior current blocking characteristics of the insulating layers significantly improve maximum output power compared to a conventional buried heterostructure with a p-n-p-n thyristor configuration. A forward breakover at the current blocking layers was not observed at an injection current of more than 1 A for a 300-/spl mu/m-long device with both cleaved facets. The excellent lasing performance at a threshold current of 6 mA, a slope efficiency of 0.51 W/A under continuous-wave conditions, and a maximum output power of up to 150 mW under pulsed conditions was also demonstrated.
Spectrum of imaging and characteristics for liver tumors treated with irreversible electroporation (2012)

Therapeutic irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a relatively new technique for targeted tumor ablation. Needle electrodes are placed into or around the targeted region to deliver a series of brief electric pulses that disrupt cell membrane integrity, killing cells in a non-thermal manner that does not affect the extracellular matrix or sensitive structures such as major vasculature and bile ducts; making IRE an advantageous technique, especially for tumors that are unresectable or ineligible for thermal ablation. Here, we present on the imaging findings from IRE liver tumor treatments from ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography. Imaging aids planning and implementing treatments by visualizing the targeted volume and guiding electrode placement. Immediate changes to the affected IRE region may be observed to verify complete ablation of the tumor with margin during the procedure, and permits follow-up evaluation of clinical outcome. In particular, we present tumor treatments in regions adjacent to sensitive structures that contraindicate thermal therapies.
Influence of some polyvalent organic acids and salts on the colloidal stability of milk (1983)

Fifteen polyvalent organic salts and acids increased, some very markedly, the heat stability of milk progressively with increasing concentration; acetate and mesaconic acid had no effect, and maleate caused destabilization. Citrate, oxalate and EDTA markedly reduced the [Ca + ] in the milk and increased its ethanol stability by shifting the ethanol/pH profile to lower pH values. These additives ≥ 20 mmol/l prevented the coagulation of milk by rennet, but the other additives caused only slight increases in RCT . Citrate, EDTA and oxalate disrupted casein micelles and would therefore not be suitable additives: however, the other acids and salts did not alter the appearance of the milk and might be recommended as suitable additives to improve the heat stability. In terms of the response to the level of Ca 2+ and colloidal calcium phosphate in milk, there appeared to be a correlation between ethanol stability and rennet coagulation time.
Impact of search engines on page popularity (2004)

Recent studies show that a majority of Web page accesses are referred by search engines. In this paper we study the widespread use of Web search engines and its impact on the ecology of the Web. In particular, we study how much impact search engines have on the popularity evolution of Web pages. For example, given that search engines return currently popular" pages at the top of search results, are we somehow penalizing newly created pages that are not very well known yet? Are popular pages getting even more popular and new pages completely ignored? We first show that this unfortunate trend indeed exists on the Web through an experimental study based on real Web data. We then analytically estimate how much longer it takes for a new page to attract a large number of Web users when search engines return only popular pages at the top of search results. Our result shows that search engines can have an immensely worrisome impact on the discovery of new Web pages.
Inferring Taxi Status Using GPS Trajectories (2012)

In this paper, we infer the statuses of a taxi, consisting of occupied, non-occupied and parked, in terms of its GPS trajectory. The status information can enable urban computing for improving a city's transportation systems and land use planning. In our solution, we first identify and extract a set of effective features incorporating the knowledge of a single trajectory, historical trajectories and geographic data like road network. Second, a parking status detection algorithm is devised to find parking places (from a given trajectory), dividing a trajectory into segments (i.e., sub-trajectories). Third, we propose a two-phase inference model to learn the status (occupied or non-occupied) of each point from a taxi segment. This model first uses the identified features to train a local probabilistic classifier and then carries out a Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM) for globally considering long term travel patterns. We evaluated our method with a large-scale real-world trajectory dataset generated by 600 taxis, showing the advantages of our method over baselines.
Improvement of the performances of SOI CMOS operational amplifiers by means of a gain-boosting stage (2002)

Both measurements and simulations have shown that the use of a gain-boosting architecture increases significantly the gain of the amplifier. Up to now, we have obtained very encouraging measurement results: a DC gain of 90 dB and a transition frequency of 30 MHz on a 16 pF load. The next prototypes under fabrication should give full satisfaction and correspond to the initial specifications: a DC gain of 120 dB and a transition frequency of 60 MHz on a 16 pF load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From a Work in Progress (1994)

WE RISE.Were there but two things, to hold in each hand.We know that we speak, I to the face of the clouds where I have drawn your voice, slipping the drawer back flush with the seamless world were I we.Holding first I within then I within, lift this we lift just once.The trees are filled with birds and it is time to write this.Where am I? I am here, out in the tall yellow grass that is a sheet.