gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Application of PWM Switching for DC Traction Circuit Breakers (2006)

Problems experienced with the use of conventional high speed circuit breakers (HSCB) in rail traction systems is highlighted. The design of a solid state breaker is investigated and after reviewing specifications of various power devices and reports it was decided that the integrated gate controlled thyristor (IGCT) would be the most suitable device for use in a DC circuit breaker as recommended. A novel design employing PWM switching, for shaping the trip curve, has been simulated and a prototype suggested. Matlab/Simulink simulations based on practical traction substation parameters show expected voltages and currents at various points in the circuit. A simplified traction schematic diagram shows the basis of the simulations and an area of typical application. A block schematic diagram highlights the basic electrical design. In conclusion an air-cooled mechanical design of the suggested 4 kV 4 kA power module is discussed.
PEM Fuel Cell System Evaluation for Navy Surface Ship Applications (1999)

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Intravenous administration of mannosylated cationic liposome/NFκB decoy complexes effectively prevent LPS‐induced cytokine production in a murine liver failure model (2006)

The purpose of this study was to inhibit endotoxin induced cytokines production and liver injury by liver non-parenchymal cell (NPC) selective delivery of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) decoy using mannosylated cationic liposomes (Man-liposomes). In this study, we examined the distribution, inhibitory effect on cytokines production and ALT/AST of intravenously injected Man-liposome/NFkappaB decoy complex. Man-liposome/[(32)P] NFkappaB decoy complexes mostly accumulated in the liver, preferentially in NPC. In a murine lipopolysaccharide-induced liver failure model, the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), IFNgamma, IL1-beta, ALT and AST were effectively reduced by Man-liposome complexes. However, cationic or galactosylated cationic liposome complexes could not inhibit TNFalpha production.
Work of the Heart Under the Effect of Induced Arterial Pressure Oscillations Studied in Intact Anesthetized Dogs (1962)

The arterial system of intact anesthetized dogs and a physical model, which consisted of a "heart," an elastic "arterial" reservoir, and a "peripheral resistance," have both been studied in comparison. In both systems, the volume contained in the arterial reservoir was rhythmically altered by means of a slow sinusoidal piston pump which resulted in slow oscillations of the mean arterial pressure with the arterial pressure pulsations superimposed. It was found that in the physical model, the systolic pressure pulse was larger during the phase of rising pressure (increasing volume) than during the phase of falling pressure (decreasing volume), while in the animal the systolic pressure pulses were equal in either phase. The aortic pressure pulse of the animal was a linear function of the presystolic aortic pressure during pressure oscillation and independent of the induced volume alteration. Recordings of the stroke output of the heart revealed that the heart of the animal adjusted its output in such a manner that the induced systolic changes of the arterial contents were quantitatively compensated. The mechanism by which this is accomplished is of particular interest, since it would also enable the heart to compensate instantaneously for physiological alterations of the volume in the arterial system as caused by changes in peripheral runoff. This mechanism of instantaneous adjustment of the stroke output can be explained on the basis of Starling's Law of the Heart if the procedure of the calculation of the external work is modified.
FPGA implementation of modified radix 2 SRT division algorithm (2006)

The flexibility of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can provide arithmetic intensive applications with the benefits of custom hardware but without the high cost of custom silicon implementations. In this paper, we present the adaptation of modified radix 2 division algorithm by Cquillan, et al. (1993) for lookup table based FPGAs implementation. For this modified scheme, the result digits and the residuals are computed concurrently and the computations in adjacent rows are overlapped. The implementation has been done with Xilinx technology and FPGA-Advantage CAD tools.
The v-ski oncogene encodes a truncated set of c-ski coding exons with limited sequence and structural relatedness to v-myc. (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of a biologically active v-ski gene from a cloned proviral segment shows that ski is a 1,312-base sequence embedded in the p19 region of the avian leukosis virus gag gene. The v-ski sequence contains a single open translational reading frame that encodes a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 49,000 daltons. The predicted amino acid sequence includes nuclear localization motifs that have been identified in other nuclear oncoproteins. It also contains a proline-rich region and a set of cysteine and histidine residues that could constitute a metal-binding domain. Two regions of the amino acid sequences of v-ski and v-myc are related, and the two proteins exhibit similar distributions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. Cloned segments of the chicken c-ski proto-oncogene totaling 65 kilobases have been analyzed, and regions related to v-ski have been sequenced. The results indicate that v-ski is derived from at least five coding exons of c-ski, that it is correctly spliced, and that it is missing c-ski coding sequences at both its 5' and 3' ends. The c-ski and avian leukosis virus sequences that overlap the 5' virus/v-ski junction in Sloan-Kettering virus contain an 18-of-20-base sequence match that presumably played a role in the transduction of ski by facilitating virus/c-ski recombination.
Base-catalysed prototropic isomerization. Part V. A novel method for the preparation of enamines (1968)

Allylamines (I) have been isomerized cleanly to prop-1-enylamines (II) on a dispersion of potassium amide on alumina. (CH2CH·CH2)xR3–xN →(CH3·CHCHxR3–xN, (x= 1, 2, 3) The method has many advantages over older ones for the preparation of some of the lower enamines, and for the preparation of di- and tri-(prop-1-enyl)amines (II; x= 2 and 3). The yields are good and the recovery of the product of isomerization is easier than with older techniques. However, the method is not general and is useful only for the preparation of propenylamines.
Postprandial triacylglycerol uptake in the legs is increased during exercise and post‐exercise recovery (2005)

Six young, healthy male subjects were each studied in two experiments: (1) during resting conditions before and for 360 min after a meal (54% of energy as carbohydrate, 30% of energy as lipid, and 16% of energy as protein) comprising 25% of their total daily energy intake (M-->R); and (2) while exercising on a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 50% of the peak oxygen consumption commencing 60 min after the meal (M-->E) and then for another 240 min. Regional metabolism was measured by Fick's Principle in a leg and in the splanchnic tissue. The combination of food intake and exercise led to increased plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake and clearance in the exercising legs immediately and for at least 4 h post-exercise, while food intake per se did not change leg plasma TAG uptake or clearance for up to 6 h. It is hypothesized that the effect of exercise on leg plasma TAG metabolism is a result of capillary recruitment leading to exposure of the plasma lipoprotein particles to a larger amount of active LPL. In spite of the increased TAG uptake in the exercising legs the arterial plasma TAG concentration had a tendency to increase faster during exercise after a meal than during rest, but it also decreased faster implying that the total lipaemic response was the same whether exercise was performed or not. The amount of lipid taken up in the legs was higher than could be accounted for by whole body lipid oxidation during post-exercise recovery, indicating accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle in this period. Neither food intake alone nor the combination of food and exercise affected the splanchnic net balance of TAG. Finally, there is an additive effect of exercise and food intake on splanchnic net glucose balance.
Exogenous Administration of 15d-PGJ2–Loaded Nanocapsules Inhibits Bone Resorption in a Mouse Periodontitis Model (2012)

The 15-deoxy-(Δ12,14)-PG J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) has demonstrated excellent anti-inflammatory results in different experimental models. It can be used with a polymeric nanostructure system for modified drug release, which can change the therapeutic properties of the active principle, leading to increased stability and slower/prolonged release. The aim of the current study was to test a nanotechnological formulation as a carrier for 15d-PGJ(2), and to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this formulation in a mouse periodontitis model. Poly (D,L-lactide-coglycolide) nanocapsules (NC) were used to encapsulate 15d-PGJ(2). BALB/c mice were infected on days 0, 2, and 4 with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and divided into groups (n = 5) that were treated daily during 15 d with 1, 3, or 10 μg/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC. The animals were sacrificed, the submandibular lymph nodes were removed for FACS analysis, and the jaws were analyzed for bone resorption by morphometry. Immunoinflammatory markers in the gingival tissue were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, or ELISA. Infected animals treated with the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC presented lower bone resorption than infected animals without treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, infected animals treated with 10 μg/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC had a reduction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in the submandibular lymph node (p < 0.05). Moreover, CD55 was upregulated, whereas RANKL was downregulated in the gingival tissue of the 10 μg/kg treated group (p < 0.05). Several proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the group treated with 10 μg/kg 15d-PGJ(2)-NC, and high amounts of 15d-PGJ(2) were observed in the gingiva. In conclusion, the 15d-PGJ(2)-NC formulation presented immunomodulatory effects, decreasing bone resorption and inflammatory responses in a periodontitis mouse model.
Smaller Dendritic Spines, Weaker Synaptic Transmission, but Enhanced Spatial Learning in Mice Lacking Shank1 (2008)

Experience-dependent changes in the structure of dendritic spines may contribute to learning and memory. Encoded by three genes, the Shank family of postsynaptic scaffold proteins are abundant and enriched in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of central excitatory synapses. When expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons, Shank promotes the maturation and enlargement of dendritic spines. Recently, Shank3 has been genetically implicated in human autism, suggesting an important role for Shank proteins in normal cognitive development. Here, we report the phenotype of Shank1 knock-out mice. Shank1 mutants showed altered PSD protein composition; reduced size of dendritic spines; smaller, thinner PSDs; and weaker basal synaptic transmission. Standard measures of synaptic plasticity were normal. Behaviorally, they had increased anxiety-related behavior and impaired contextual fear memory. Remarkably, Shank1-deficient mice displayed enhanced performance in a spatial learning task; however, their long-term memory retention in this task was impaired. These results affirm the importance of Shank1 for synapse structure and function in vivo, and they highlight a differential role for Shank1 in specific cognitive processes, a feature that may be relevant to human autism spectrum disorders.
Illuminating the shadows: Tomography, attenuation, and pore-pressure processing in the South Caspian Sea (1998)

The South Caspian Sea is a major oil and gas producing area, characterized by thick sedimentary deposits and complex tectonic structure. Structural trends include anticlinal folds, steep dips, and mud volcanoes. Many of the large anticlinal folds contain world-class producing fields. However, conventional processing of seismic data often fails to correctly image through the seismic “shadow zones” frequently observed in this region. These shadow zones are characterized by low-amplitude events or low signal-to-noise ratio, arrival-time delay, attenuation of high-frequency information, and distortion of underlying reflectors. This often makes interpretation difficult to impossible.
Effects of pyridoxine-pyrrolidon-carboxylate on hepatic and cerebral ATP levels in ethanol treated rats. (1980)

ATP levels were measured in the liver and brain of rats acutely intoxicated with ethanol. The pretreatment of the animals with pyridoxine-pyrrolidon carboxylate (Metadoxine) prevented the marked fall in ATP concentration caused by ethanol in both organs.
P2X7 Nucleotide Receptors Mediate Blebbing in Osteoblasts through a Pathway Involving Lysophosphatidic Acid (2006)

Extracellular nucleotides, released in response to mechanical or inflammatory stimuli, signal through P2 receptors in many cell types, including osteoblasts. P2X7 receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that can induce formation of large membrane pores. Disruption of the gene encoding the P2X7 receptor leads to decreased periosteal bone formation and insensitivity of the skeleton to mechanical stimulation. Our purpose was to investigate signaling pathways coupled to P2X7 activation in osteoblasts. Live cell imaging showed that ATP or 2 ',3 '-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP), but not UTP, UDP, or 2-methylthio-ADP, induced dynamic membrane blebbing in calvarial osteoblasts. Blebbing was observed in calvarial cells from wildtype but not P2X7 knock-out mice. P2X7 receptors coupled to activation of phospholipase D and A2, inhibition of which suppressed BzATP-induced blebbing. Activation of these phospholipases leads to production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA caused dynamic blebbing in osteoblasts from both wild-type and P2X7 knock-out mice, similar to that induced by BzATP in wildtype cells. However, LPA-induced blebbing was more rapid in onset and was not affected by inhibition of phospholipase D or A2. Blockade or desensitization of LPA receptors suppressed blebbing in response to LPA and BzATP, without affecting P2X7-stimulated pore formation. Thus, LPA functions downstream of P2X7 receptors to induce membrane blebbing. Furthermore, inhibition of Rho-associated kinase abolished blebbing induced by both BzATP and LPA. In summary, we propose a novel signaling axis that links P2X7 receptors through phospholipases to production of LPA and activation of Rho-associated kinase. This pathway may contribute to P2X7-stimulated osteogenesis during skeletal development and mechanotransduction.
Varying effects of temperature, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cytochalasin on fusion activity mediated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 glycoproteins (2000)

We examined fusion mediated by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) envelope glycoproteins under various experimental conditions. Incubation of HeLa cells expressing HIV-2(ROD) and HIV-2(SBL/ISY) envelope glycoproteins with HeLa-CD4 target cells resulted in fusion at temperatures >/=25 degrees C whereas fusion with cells expressing HIV-1(Lai) occurred only at >/=31 degrees C. HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion proceeded in the absence of Ca(2+) in the culture medium, whereas HIV-1 fusion required Ca(2+) ions for fusion. In contrast to HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein fusion, incubations in the presence of the 0.5 microM cytochalasin B completely inhibited HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion. Our results suggest that in contrast to HIV-2, HIV-1 fusion is dependent on dynamic processes in the target membrane.
Rapid Identification of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> by Whole-Cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic marine bacterium that is the main causative agent of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. An increase in the frequency of V. parahaemolyticus-related infections during the last decade has been attributed to the emergence of an O3:K6 pandemic clone in 1995. The diversity of the O3:K6 pandemic clone and its serovariants has been examined using multiple molecular techniques including multilocus sequence analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and group-specific PCR analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a powerful tool for rapidly distinguishing between related bacterial species. In the current study, we demonstrate the development of a whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS method for the distinction of V. parahaemolyticus from other Vibrio spp. We identified 30 peaks that were present only in the spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined in this study that may be developed as MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers for identification of V. parahaemolyticus. We detected variation in the MALDI-TOF spectra of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from different geographical locations and at different times. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of the V. parahaemolyticus strains examined were distinct from those of the other Vibrio species examined including the closely related V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. campbellii. The results of this study demonstrate the first use of whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS analysis for the rapid identification of V. parahaemolyticus.
Implementation of a diagnostic and troubleshooting multi-agent system for cellular networks (1999)

This article presents the implementation of a maintenance application for cellular switching system using the multi-agent paradigm. The main philosophy behind the design of the multi-agent system is based on the TMN framework, where each agent can be mapped with one or several TMN functional blocks. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural Localization of the α4-Subunit of the Neuronal Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptor in the Rat Substantia Nigra (1999)

The distribution of the alpha4-subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the rat brain was examined at light and electron microscopy levels using immunohistochemical staining. In the present study we demonstrate the specificity, in both tissue homogenates and brain sections, of a polyclonal antibody raised against the rat nAChR alpha4-subunit. The characterization of this antibody involved: (1) Western blot analysis of rat brain homogenates and membrane extracts from cells previously transfected with diverse combinations of neuronal nAChR subunits, and (2) immunohistochemistry using transfected cells and rat brain tissue. At the light microscope level, the alpha4-subunit-like-immunoreactivity (LI) was widely distributed in the rat brain and matched the distribution of the alpha4-subunit transcripts observed previously by in situ hybridization. Strong immunohistochemical labeling was detected in the mesencephalic dopaminergic nuclei. The nAChRs in this region are thought to be responsible for the modulation of dopaminergic transmission. The neurotransmitter identity of alpha4-immunolabeled neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the ventral tegmental area was thus assessed by investigating the possible colocalization of the nAChR alpha4-subunit with tyrosine hydroxylase using confocal microscopy. The double labeling experiments unambiguously indicated that the alpha4-subunit-LI is present in dopaminergic neurons. At the electron microscope level, the neurons in the SNpc exhibited alpha4-subunit-LI in association with a minority of postsynaptic densities, suggesting that the alpha4-subunit may be a component of functional nAChRs mediating synaptic transmission between midbrain cholinergic neurons and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.
Selection method for both‐way circuit groups between multiunit offices (1986)

Abstract Introduction of common channel signaling system makes the both‐way circuit operation easy and therefore efficient operation of communication network is expected. An effective selection method is required for the circuit groups with both‐way circuit operation between multiunit offices in order to avoid service degradation in traffic between the offices caused by improper selection method at one side. In this paper, we propose new selection methods which make use of the number of idle circuits and the idle probability of circuit groups. We also clarify the effectiveness of these methods by a comparison with existing methods, e.g., the method of selecting a circuit group in proportion to the number of idle circuits in each group, etc., that had been used in oneway circuit operation, from the viewpoint of traffic characteristics.
The Xenopus Suc1/Cks Protein Promotes the Phosphorylation of G2/M Regulators (1999)

The entry into mitosis is controlled by Cdc2/cyclin B, also known as maturation or M-phase promoting factor (MPF). In Xenopus egg extracts, the inhibitory phosphorylations of Cdc2 on Tyr-15 and Thr-14 are controlled by the phosphatase Cdc25 and the kinases Myt1 and Wee1. At mitosis, Cdc25 is activated and Myt1 and Wee1 are inactivated through phosphorylation by multiple kinases, including Cdc2 itself. The Cdc2-associated Suc1/Cks1 protein (p9) is also essential for entry of egg extracts into mitosis, but the molecular basis of this requirement has been unknown. We find that p9 strongly stimulates the regulatory phosphorylations of Cdc25, Myt1, and Wee1 that are carried out by the Cdc2/cyclin B complex. Overexpression of the prolyl isomerase Pin1, which binds to the hyperphosphorylated forms of Cdc25, Myt1, and Wee1 found at M-phase, is known to block the initiation of mitosis in egg extracts. We have observed that Pin1 specifically antagonizes the stimulatory effect of p9 on phosphorylation of Cdc25 by Cdc2/cyclin B. This observation could explain why overexpression of Pin1 inhibits mitotic initiation. These findings suggest that p9 promotes the entry into mitosis by facilitating phosphorylation of the key upstream regulators of Cdc2.
Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Isolated Using an Automated Point of Care System Improve the Patency of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Vascular Grafts (2013)

We evaluated the use of an automated, point-of-care instrument to derive canine adipose stromal vascular fraction cells, and the subsequent deposition of these cells onto the luminal surface of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular graft for use as a bypass graft. The hypothesis evaluated was that an instrument requiring minimal user interface will provide a therapeutic dose of cells to improve the patency of synthetic vascular grafts in an autologous animal model of graft patency. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were isolated using an automated adipose tissue processing and cell isolation system and cells sodded onto the surface of an ePTFE vascular graft. Control grafts, used off-the-shelf without cell treatment were used as a control to assess patency effects. Each animal received a control, untreated graft implanted in one carotid artery, and the cell-treated graft implanted in the carotid artery on the contralateral side. The grafts were implanted for 6 months utilizing 12 animals. Results indicate a fully automated adipose tissue processing system will consistently produce functional autologous cells for immediate use in the operating room. Cell-sodded polymeric grafts exhibited improved patency compared to control grafts after 6 month implantation in the canine carotid artery model.