gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship of <i>5HTT</i> (<i>SLC6A4</i>) methylation and genotype on mRNA expression and liability to major depression and alcohol dependence in subjects from the Iowa Adoption Studies (2007)

Serotonin Transporter (5HTT or SLC6A4) mRNA transcription is regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Unfortunately, despite intense scrutiny, the exact identity and contribution of each of these regulatory mechanisms, and their relationship to behavioral illness remain unknown. This lack of knowledge is critical because alterations in SLC6A4 function are posited to be central to a wide variety of CNS disorders. In order to address this shortcoming, we quantified 5HTTLPR genotype, SLC6A4 mRNA production and CpG methylation using biomaterial from 192 lymphoblast cell lines derived from subjects who participated in the latest wave of the Iowa Adoption Studies. We then analyzed the resulting data with respect to clinical characteristics. We confirmed prior findings that the short (s) 5HTTLPR allele is associated with lower amounts of mRNA transcription, but there was no significant effect of the "Long G" allele on mRNA transcription. We also found that CpG methylation was higher (P < 0.0008) and mRNA production (P < 0.0001) was lower in females as compared to males. Those subjects with a lifetime history of Alcohol Dependence had higher levels of SLC6A4 mRNA. There was a trend for an association of increased overall methylation with lifetime history of major depression. Finally, we confirm our prior findings that the exact levels of 5HTT mRNA expression are dependent on how it is measured. We conclude that both genetic variation and epigenetic modifications contribute to the regulation of SLC6A4 function and that more in-depth studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling gene activity and the relationship of these mechanisms to behavioral illness are indicated.
Evaluation of a Novel, Hand-Held, Acoustic Emissions Detector To Monitor Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae) in Wood (1993)

A hand-held, battery-powered acoustic emissions (AE) detector designed to locate and monitor wood-feeding insects was evaluated for its ability to detect termites in wood. It was possible to detect 20 Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Incisitermes snyderi (Light), and Neotermes jouteli (Banks) pseudergates in small wooden blocks 100% of the time during an experimental 5-min interval. If undisturbed, 20 Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) pseudergates could be detected at a 98% frequency. AE production was governed largely by termite species and density. In detection tests along longitudinally oriented wood grain, termites could be detected up to 80 cm from the AE sensor, although detection at progressively shorter distances from termites was increasingly more likely. Detection of termites in wood in a tangential orientation (against grain) was unlikely beyond 8 cm. Although counts were high (up to 299 per min), there was a poor relationship between I. snyderi numbers and AE event counts in naturally infested logs. The only termite behavior observed to elicit detection by the AE units was wood feeding. Most ambient noises were not registered by the detector. It was concluded that this device offers a reliable method for localized, nondestructive detection of termites in wood.
Polymerase Acidic Protein–Basic Protein 1 (PA–PB1) Protein–Protein Interaction as a Target for Next-Generation Anti-influenza Therapeutics (2016)

The limited therapeutic options against the influenza virus (flu) and increasing challenges in drug resistance make the search for next-generation agents imperative. In this context, heterotrimeric viral PA/PB1/PB2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an attractive target for a challenging but strategic protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibition approach. Since 2012, the inhibition of the polymerase PA-PB1 subunit interface has become an active field of research following the publication of PA-PB1 crystal structures. In this Perspective, we briefly discuss the validity of flu polymerase as a drug target and its inhibition through a PPI inhibition strategy, including a comprehensive analysis of available PA-PB1 structures. An overview of all of the reported PA-PB1 complex formation inhibitors is provided, and approaches used for identification of the inhibitors, the hit-to-lead studies, and the emerged structure-activity relationship are described. In addition to highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of all of the PA-PB1 heterodimerization inhibitors, we analyze their hypothesized binding modes and alignment with a pharmacophore model that we have developed.
Unicellular-Unilineage Erythropoietic Cultures: Molecular Analysis of Regulatory Gene Expression at Sibling Cell Level (1999)

In vitro studies on hematopoietic control mechanisms have been hampered by the heterogeneity of the analyzed cell populations, ie, lack of lineage specificity and developmental stage homogeneity of progenitor/precursor cells growing in culture. We developed unicellular culture systems for unilineage differentiation of purified hematopoietic progenitor cells followed by daughter cell analysis at cellular and molecular level. In the culture system reported here, (1) the growth factor (GF) stimulus induces cord blood (CB) progenitor cells to proliferate and differentiate/mature exclusively along the erythroid lineage; (2) this erythropoietic wave is characterized by less than 4% apoptotic cells; (3) asymmetric divisions are virtually absent, ie, nonresponsive hematopoietic progenitors with no erythropoietic potential are forced into apoptosis; (4) the system is cell division controlled (cdc), ie, the number of divisions performed by each cell is monitored. Single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was applied to this culture system to investigate gene expression of diverse receptors, markers of differentiation, and transcription factors (EKLF, GATA-1, GATA-2, p45 NF-E2, PU.1, and SCL/Tal1) at discrete stages of erythropoietic development. Freshly isolated CD34(+) cells expressed CD34, c-kit, PU.1, and GATA-2 but did not express CD36, erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), SCL/Tal1, EKLF, NF-E2, GATA-1, or glyocophorin A (GPA). In early to intermediate stages of erythroid differentiation we monitored the induction of CD36, Tal1, EKLF, NF-E2, and GATA-1 that preceeded expression of EpoR. In late stages of erythroid maturation, GPA was upregulated, whereas CD34, c-kit, PU.1, and GATA-2 were barely or not detected. In addition, competitive single-cell RT-PCR was used to assay CD34 mRNA transcripts in sibling CD34(+)CD38(-) cells differentiating in unilineage erythroid cultures: this analysis allowed us to semiquantitate the gradual downmodulation of CD34 mRNA from progenitor cells through their differentiating erythroid progeny. It is concluded that this novel culture system, coupled with single-cell RT-PCR analysis, may eliminate the ambiguities intrinsic to molecular studies on heterogeneous populations of hematopoietic progenitors/precursors growing in culture, particularly in the initial stages of development.
20.2 A frequency-reconfigurable mm-Wave power amplifier with active-impedance synthesis in an asymmetrical non-isolated combiner (2016)

A frequency-agile mm-Wave power amplifier capable of reconfiguring itself to operate near-optimally over a wide range of tunable frequencies, yet producing output power >22dBm with PAE>20%, is useful for a wide range of applications in reconfigurable communication systems supporting multi-Gb/s over large links to hyper-spectral sensing and imaging. While recent works have demonstrated high efficiency in Watt-level mm-Wave power amplifiers [1-5], most of the architectures operate over a limited frequency range, primarily dominated by the bandwidth of the output-matching or combiner networks. A frequency-agile power amplifier, therefore, needs a widely reconfigurable, yet an efficient output network, which is difficult to achieve with on-chip variable passives due to their poor quality factors in silicon IC processes. In this paper, we present an architecture where an optimal impedance at the output of each unit cell is synthesized exploiting their interaction in a non-isolated power-combiner network. By controlling the amplitude and phase of unit cells, close-to-optimal impedances can be synthesized over a wide operating range at mm-Wave frequencies thus enabling frequency agility. The chip is implemented in a 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS process and achieves Psat>22dBm between 40 and 65GHz and peak PAE>25% between 40 and 60GHz.
A Nanosized Uranyl Camphorate Cage and its Use as a Building Unit in a Metal−Organic Framework (2009)

The reaction of uranyl nitrate with (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acid (H2L) in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) gives the chiral octanuclear cage [(UO2)8(L12H8)]·12H2O (1), which displays an approximately cubic shape with the metal ions as apexes and an internal cavity of ca. 7 Å in length. Complex 1, which is the first example of a homoleptic nanosized cage including uranyl ions, can further be used as a supramolecular building block to generate coordination polymers, as exemplified by the compound [Ba(H2O)8]2[(UO2)8Ba2(L12)(H2O)4]·8H2O (2), obtained in the presence of Ba(CH3COO)2. In 2, which retains the overall packing mode of cages present in 1, a two-dimensional assembly is formed through bridging by the carboxylate-bound alkaline-earth metal cations. However, whereas 1 displays extended channels, these are obstructed by counterions in 2.
Fading Signatures of Critical Brain Dynamics during Sustained Wakefulness in Humans (2013)

Sleep encompasses approximately a third of our lifetime, yet its purpose and biological function are not well understood. Without sleep optimal brain functioning such as responsiveness to stimuli, information processing, or learning may be impaired. Such observations suggest that sleep plays a crucial role in organizing or reorganizing neuronal networks of the brain toward states where information processing is optimized. Increasing evidence suggests that cortical neuronal networks operate near a critical state characterized by balanced activity patterns, which supports optimal information processing. However, it remains unknown whether critical dynamics is affected in the course of wake and sleep, which would also impact information processing. Here, we show that signatures of criticality are progressively disturbed during wake and restored by sleep. We demonstrate that the precise power-laws governing the cascading activity of neuronal avalanches and the distribution of phase-lock intervals in human electroencephalographic recordings are increasingly disarranged during sustained wakefulness. These changes are accompanied by a decrease in variability of synchronization. Interpreted in the context of a critical branching process, these seemingly different findings indicate a decline of balanced activity and progressive distance from criticality toward states characterized by an imbalance toward excitation where larger events prevail dynamics. Conversely, sleep restores the critical state resulting in recovered power-law characteristics in activity and variability of synchronization. These findings support the intriguing hypothesis that sleep may be important to reorganize cortical network dynamics to a critical state thereby assuring optimal computational capabilities for the following time awake.
Mucosal Delivery of Vaccines: Role of Mucoadhesive/Biodegradable Polymers (2010)

Majority of infectious microorganism make their gateway to the host through mucosal surfaces, such as gastrointestinal tract, nasal and vaginal tract. Mucosal immune response structured as sIgA can effectively prevent the attachment and invasion of the microorganism from mucosal surface and thereby serves as an efficient tool against infectious disease. There has been an increased demand for the development of novel vaccine that leads to the induction of immune response in systemic circulation as well as at mucosal surfaces against infectious disease. Mucosal delivery of vaccine provides basis for induction of both mucosal as well as systemic immune responses against the infectious organisms. However, a variety of factors such as mucociliary clearance, presence of deteriorating enzymes, pH extremes (GIT), low permeation and metabolic degradation limit the mucosal delivery of vaccine. Numerous strategies have been explored in the meadow of mucosal vaccination for the purpose of efficient antigen delivery through mucosal route(s). Polymeric carrier(s) such as nanoparticles and microparticles loaded with the antigen can serve as the basis for creation of important formulations for improved vaccine. Biodegradable and mucoadhesive polymeric carrier(s) seems to be most promising candidate for mucosal vaccine delivery. Several polymers from natural and synthetic origin, such as polylactide-co-glycolide, chitosan, alginate, carbopol, gelatin etc., have been explored for the efficient mucosal vaccine delivery and significant results have been obtained. This review outlines the polymers used in mucosal vaccine delivery with special reference to mucoadhesive/biodegradable polymers. This article also covers the recent patent granted in the field on polymeric carrier mediated mucosal vaccination.
In vitro evaluation of ABT-719, a novel DNA gyrase inhibitor (1995)

ABT-719 (A-86719.1) is the first compound of a new class of novel DNA gyrase inhibitors, the 2-pyridones, with potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. ABT-719 was more active than ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and clinafloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. ABT-719 was particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited [MIC90] = 0.015 micrograms/ml) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 = 0.03 micrograms/ml). ABT-719 was also the most active of the compounds tested against ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus isolates, with an MIC90 of 0.25 micrograms/ml, compared with 64 micrograms/ml for ciprofloxacin. Against gram-negative organisms, ABT-719 was as active as or slightly more active than ciprofloxacin and was the most active compound against ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90 = 2.0 micrograms/ml). ABT-719 was also the most active compound against both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes, with MIC90s ranging from 0.12 to 0.25 micrograms/ml.
Compression of cold atoms to very high densities in a rotating-beam blue-detuned optical trap (2000)

We propose and demonstrate a scheme for a blue-detuned optical dipole trap for cold atoms which consists of a single, rapidly rotating laser beam. We characterize a parameter range in which the optical potential can be accurately described by a quasistatic time-averaged potential. The trap is loaded with $>{10}^{6}$ Rb atoms, and is then compressed adiabatically by a factor of 350 to a final density of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}.$ $\mathrm{A}\ensuremath{\sim}4$ times adiabatic increase in the peak phase-space density of the trapped atoms is obtained due to the change in the shape of the trap potential. The two-body elastic and inelastic collision rates of atoms in the compressed trap are determined.
Control Unit System (1969)

The control unit system consists of the combination of elements which direct and control the operation and functions of the system. It includes the stores and processing units as well as the elements of the man-machine interface. This paper describes the organization of these units, the processor order structure, and some rationale as to why certain design choices were made.
Diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability: United States, 2004-2006. (2008)

About 5% of children had ADHD without LD, 5% had LD without ADHD, and 4% had both conditions. Boys were more likely than girls to have each of the diagnoses (ADHD without LD, LD without ADHD, and both conditions). Children 12-17 years of age were more likely than children 6-11 years of age to have each of the diagnoses. Hispanic children were less likely than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children to have ADHD (with and without LD). Children with Medicaid coverage were more likely than uninsured children and privately insured children to have each of the diagnoses. Children with each of the diagnoses were more likely than children with neither ADHD nor LD to have other health conditions. Children with ADHD were more likely than children without ADHD to have contact with a mental health professional, use prescription medication, and have frequent health care visits. Children with LD were more likely than children without LD to use special education services.
AMPNet: Asynchronous Model-Parallel Training for Dynamic Neural Networks (2017)

New types of machine learning hardware in development and entering the market hold the promise of revolutionizing deep learning in a manner as profound as GPUs. However, existing software frameworks and training algorithms for deep learning have yet to evolve to fully leverage the capability of the new wave of silicon. We already see the limitations of existing algorithms for models that exploit structured input via complex and instance-dependent control flow, which prohibits minibatching. We present an asynchronous model-parallel (AMP) training algorithm that is specifically motivated by training on networks of interconnected devices. Through an implementation on multi-core CPUs, we show that AMP training converges to the same accuracy as conventional synchronous training algorithms in a similar number of epochs, but utilizes the available hardware more efficiently even for small minibatch sizes, resulting in significantly shorter overall training times. Our framework opens the door for scaling up a new class of deep learning models that cannot be efficiently trained today.
Modeling roles with Cascade (1999)

In building an object-oriented system, we can characterize an object's dynamic nature by modeling its roles. But some modeling abstractions represent roles without addressing the relationships among them. The Cascade pattern, which represents layered and ordered whole-part relationships between objects, solves this problem. The author's examples from a public transportation system demonstrate how important this precision can be.
Physical Chemical Principles of Photovoltaic Conversion with Nanoparticulate, Mesoporous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

We review the status of the understanding of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), emphasizing clear physical models with predictive power, and discuss them in terms of the chemical and electrical potential distributions in the device. Before doing so, we place the DSSC in the overall picture of photovoltaic energy converters, reiterating the fundamental common basis of all photovoltaic systems as well as their most important differences.
The Role of the Transcription Factor atF4iin Tumor Progression Under Nutrient Deprivation and Hypoxia (2010)

The transcription factor ATF4 regulates the expression of mRNAs involved in amino acid metabolism, redox homeostasis and ER stress responses. Its overexpression in human solid tumors suggests an important role in tumor biology. Here we report that inhibition of ATF4 expression blocks proliferation and survival of transformed cells, despite an initial activation of cytoprotective macroautophagy. Knockdown of ATF4 significantly reduced the levels of asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Overexpression of ASNS or supplementation of asparagine in trans, reverses the proliferation block and increases survival in ATF4 knockdown cells. Both amino acid and glucose deprivation, stresses found in solid tumors, activate the upstream eIF2 alpha kinase GCN2 to upregulate ATF4 target genes involved in amino acid synthesis and transport. Levels of total GCN2, phospho-GCN2 and phospho-eIF2 alpha were upregulated in samples of human and mouse tumors compared to normal tissues and abrogation of ATF4 or GCN2 expression significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. ATF4 also contributes to the hypoxic resistance of tumor cells. We conclude that the GCN2-eIF2 alpha-ATF4 pathway is critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis in tumor cells, making it a novel and attractive target for anti-tumor therapy.
Nanoparticles Deposition at Specific Sites Using Aligned Fiber Networks (2012)

We report a new method to precisely locate inorganic nanoparticles at polymeric fiber crossing sites. Polymeric fibers are aligned by a previously reported non-electrospinning Spinneret based Tunable Engineered Parameters (STEP) polymeric fiber manufac- turing technique. Cross-hatch pattern (perpendicular) of polymeric fibers embedded with inorganic nanoparticles (e.g.: Fe(NO3)3 or Bi(NO3)3) were fabricated on top of each other and the fiber compositions re-acted during annealing process, thus, producing a desired phase (e.g.: BiFeO3) only at the crossing site. Our method of-fers an easy way to mass arrange and locate nanoparticles at designed positions on virtually all types of substrates.
Yeast n‐Hybrid Systems for Molecular Evolution (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Technical Considerations Yeast two-hybrid assay Alternative assays Applications Protein-protein interactions Protein-DNA interactions Protein-RNA interactions Protein-small molecule interactions Conclusion
Research on Technology in Data Recovery Based on Flash Memory (2013)

The technology indata recovery based on flash memory is a very important research subject in the field of information security.As the storage characteristics of flash memory are unique which differ from the disk memory,the storage methods are different between flash and disk memory.The flash file system,which is decided based on the flash storage characteristics,uses the flash translation layerto read and write data and manage the chip. Therefore,the technology in data recovery based on flash memory is researched in the aspects ofboth file system and chips.Finally,furth erre search directions are pointed out.
Detection and assessment of insomnia. (1992)

Insomnia is one of the most common complaints encountered by the primary care physician. Yet, in many cases, physicians treat the symptom of insomnia rather than evaluating and treating the underlying causes of insomnia. Because the subjective complaint of insomnia does not always correlate with evidence of objective sleep disruption, a careful history and evaluation are required. Assessment of the duration of insomnia and quantification of the impact of nocturnal sleep disruption on daytime functioning provide the most reliable indices of severity. Primary insomnia may be due to a number of different causes, such as poor sleep hygiene or circadian rhythm disruption. Insomnia may also be the presenting symptom of other primary sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea syndrome or nocturnal myoclonus, or of a variety of medical or psychiatric illnesses. The treatment of the patient with insomnia should address the underlying cause, when identifiable. When the cause cannot be identified, treatment should be conservative; nonpharmacologic therapies should be used whenever possible. When pharmacologic approaches are indicated, short-acting benzodiazepines should be administered in concordance with strict prescribing guidelines. Frequent follow-up is necessary to ensure continued therapeutic efficacy of the prescribed therapy.