gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Potency and Pharmacodynamics of ASL-8123, the Primary Acid Metabolite of Esmolol (1988)

Summary: The β-adrenoreceptor antagonist properties of ASL-8123, the primary metabolite of esmolol, were determined in vitro and in vivo. ASL-8123 demonstrated weak competitive β-adrenoreceptor blocking activity in isolated guinea pig right atria with a pA2 of 3.73 ± 0.07; no agonist-like activity was observed in this tissue at concentrations of ASL-8123 from 3 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−2M. In anesthetized dogs, ASL-8123 was infused at increasing dosages from 0.2-25.6 mg/kg/min, each dose rate maintained for 20 min. The compound produced a slight decrease in heart rate of 15-22 beats/min at cumulative doses of 508-1,020 mg/kg and decreased diastolic blood pressure by 14-47 mm Hg at cumulative doses of 252-1,020 mg/kg. ASL-8123 dose-dependently inhibited the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure responses to isoproterenol (0.5 μg/kg i.v.). Blood levels of ASL-8123 were linearly correlated with inhibition of the heart rate response to isoproterenol (r = 0.95-0.99 for each dog, n = 6). The blood level of ASL-8123 that produced a 50% inhibition of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia averaged 293 ± 65 μg/ml. Recovery from β-adrenoreceptor blockade after terminating the infusion of ASL-8123 occurred slowly, decreasing from 81% at the end of the infusion to 55% 60 min later, and was paralleled by a slow decrease in blood levels of ASL-8123. Thus, ASL-8123 is a weak β-adrenoreceptor antagonist which is approximately 1,600-1,900 times less potent than its parent, esmolol.
Adipose Overexpression of Desnutrin Promotes Fatty Acid Use and Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity (2009)

We show that by increasing lipolysis, desnutrin overexpression causes reduced adipocyte TAG content and attenuation of diet-induced obesity. Desnutrin-mediated lipolysis promotes fatty acid oxidation and re-esterification within adipocytes.
Action of a silk fabric treated with AEGIS<sup>TM</sup> in children with atopic dermatitis: A 3‐month trial (2007)

Irritation of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis by contact with rough fibres of synthetic or woollen clothes is well known. Therefore, it has been recommended that patients should wear cotton clothes. However, cotton also consists of rough fibres able to irritate the skin, whereas silk is characterized by smooth fibres without irritating potential. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical effect of Dermasilk- a special silk fabric (sericin-free silk treated with AEGIS AEM5772/5 which has antibacterial properties) - in children with atopic dermatitis. A total of 22 children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis were recruited for a study period of 3 months. All of them received three different tube-fabrics - Dermasilk, sericin-free silk fabric without AEGIS AEM 5772/5 and cotton, covering the cubital region. Patients were advised to wear the Dermasilk fabric all day long during the whole study period on one arm, whereas the sericin-free AEGIS-free silk tube had to be used during the first 2 wk only on the other arm followed by the use of the cotton tube for the rest of the study period. Evaluation of the local SCORAD score was carried out at the beginning of the study, after 2, 4, 8 and 12 wk. A significant reduction of the local SCORAD index of the Dermasilk covered arm was observed after 4, 8 and 12 wk in comparison with the cotton-covered arm score [median (quartile 1-quartile 3)] 6.5 (5-8) vs. 8 (7-9), p < 0.002; 6 (5.25-7.75) vs. 8 (7-9), p < 0.0001; and 6 (5-6) vs. 8 (7.25-10), p < 0.0001. The use of Dermasilk has a significant beneficial effect in atopic dermatitis because of the non-irritating properties of silk as well as the antibacterial capacity of AEGIS AEM 5772/5.
Parametric studies of dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile stimulation (1975)

Dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile input were recorded in segments L3-S2 of unanesthetized, low-spinal cats. Single units were characterized with regard to receptive field (RF) location, RF size and shape, spontaneous discharge rate, central delay, and convergence of four tactile afferent types. 1. RF size increased from the toes to the calf region. 2. Length-width ratio increased from the toes to the calf and declined from the calf to the hip. 3. The relation between RF size and position on the limb was independent of segmental and laminar location of the neurons. 4. RF size was positively correlated with spontaneous discharge rate. 5. The relation between RF size and shape and RF position can be interpreted in terms of regional variations in the magnitude of the gradient of representation in the dorsal horn somatotopic map. 6. Central delay was negatively correlated with both RF size and rate of ongoing discharge. 7. There were no statistically significant differences among the laminae with respect to central delay, RF size or shape, ongoing discharge, or convergence combinations of the four tactile afferent systems. 8. Data presented were at variance with Wall's laminar cascading model for laminae IV-VI. Our results suggest that the model should be modified, at least to emphasize monosynaptic tactile input to all three of these laminae.
Solution-Grown Germanium Nanowire Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Solution-grown germanium (Ge) nanowires were tested as high capacity anodes in lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. Nanowire films were formulated and cast as slurries with conductive carbon (7:1 Ge:C w/w), PVdF binder and 1.0 M LiPF(6) dissolved in various solvents as electrolyte. The addition of fluorethylene carbonate (FEC) to the electrolyte was critical to achieving stable battery cycling and reversible capacities as high as 1248 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles, which is close to the theoretical capacity of 1,384 mA h g(-1). Ge nanowire anodes also exhibited high rate capability, with reversible cycling above 600 mA h g(-1) for 1200 cycles at a rate of 1C. The batteries could also be discharged at 10C with a capacity of 900 mA h g(-1) when charged at 1C.
DETECTION OF EXTRAORDINARY LARGE BIO-MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH FROM HUMAN HAND DURING EXTERNAL QI EMISSION (1992)

It is generally accepted that more than 10(-6) gauss order magnetism was not detected in normal human condition. However, we detected 10(-3) gauss (mGauss) order bio-magnetic field strength from the palm in special persons who emitted External Qi ("Chi" or "Ki"). This detection was possible by special arranged magnetic field detection system, consisted of a pair of 2 identical coils with 80,000 turns and a high sensitivity amplifier. Each of the coils were rolled 80,000 turns accurately, and were connected in series in opposite direction, actuating as a gradiometer. We measure bio-magnetic field strength in 37 subjects with this detection system. The only 3 subjects of them exhibited strong bio-magnetic field of 2 to 4 mGauss in frequency range of 4 to 10 Hz. This magnetic field strength was greater than that of normal human bio-magnetism by 1,000 times at least. A simultaneous measurement of bio-magnetic field strength and its corresponding bio-electric current was examined in one subject. During exhibiting such strong bio-magnetism, its corresponding electric current was not detectable. Therefore, the extra-ordinary large bio-magnetic field strength can not derive from internal body current alone, hence the origin of the large bio-magnetism is still unknown. We suppose that the extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength might be originated from "Qi" energy in the oriental medicine or in the oriental traditional philosophy.
OpenNVM: An open-sourced FPGA-based NVM controller for low level memory characterization (2015)

Accurate characterization of real device samples is essential for understanding the true potential of the emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) and identifying their optimal placement in the memory hierarchy. Even though, NVM devices are now available from different manufacturers, lack of an appropriate NVM controller and evaluation platform in the public domain is the main challenge in extracting empirical data from these real devices. In this paper, we present Open-NVM, an open-sourced, highly configurable FPGA based evaluation/characterization platform for various NVM technologies. Through our OpenNVM, this work reveals important low-level NVM characteristics, including i) static and dynamic latency disparity, ii) error rate variation, iii) power consumption behavior, vi) interrelationship between frequency and NVM operational current. In addition, we also examine state-of-the-art write-once-memory (WOM) codes on a real NVM device and study diverse system-level performance impacts based on our findings. All FPGA source code and detailed information of our hardware design is ready to be open-sourced and downloaded for free.
MISMATCH NEGATIVITY IN CHILDHOOD TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY: A PROPOSED PARADIGM FOR TESTING CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING (2013)

Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a neurological disorder that directly affects cortical areas responsible for auditory processing. The resulting abnormalities can be assessed using event-related potentials (ERP), which have high temporal resolution. However, little is known about TLE in terms of dysfunction of early sensory memory encoding or possible correlations between EEGs, linguistic deficits, and seizures. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an ERP component – elicited by introducing a deviant stimulus while the subject is attending to a repetitive behavioural task – which reflects pre-attentive sensory memory function and reflects neuronal auditory discrimination and perceptional accuracy. Hypothesis We propose an MMN protocol for future clinical application and research based on the hypothesis that children with TLE may have abnormal MMN for speech and non-speech stimuli. The MMN can be elicited with a passive auditory oddball paradigm, and the abnormalities might be associated with the location and frequency of epileptic seizures. Significance The suggested protocol might contribute to a better understanding of the neuropsychophysiological basis of MMN. We suggest that in TLE central sound representation may be decreased for speech and non-speech stimuli. Discussion MMN arises from a difference to speech and non-speech stimuli across electrode sites. TLE in childhood might be a good model for studying topographic and functional auditory processing and its neurodevelopment, pointing to MMN as a possible clinical tool for prognosis, evaluation, follow-up, and rehabilitation for TLE.
Complete hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis for quantum communication (2010)

It is impossible to unambiguously distinguish the four Bell states in polarization, resorting to linear optical elements only. Recently, the hyperentangled Bell state, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, has been used to assist in the complete Bell-state analysis of the four Bell states. However, if the additional degree of freedom is qubitlike, one can only distinguish 7 from the group of 16 states. Here we present a way to distinguish the hyperentangled Bell states completely with the help of cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Also, we discuss its application in the quantum teleportation of a particle in an unknown state in two different degrees of freedom and in the entanglement swapping of hyperentangled states. These applications will increase the channel capacity of long-distance quantum communication.
Treadmill walking as an external pacemaker to improve gait rhythm and stability in Parkinson's disease (2005)

Recent reports suggest that external cueing improves stride length and gait speed in Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of treadmill walking on gait variability. The 36 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2--2.5) were compared to 30 controls. Subjects walked three times for 2 minutes each: (1) walking on level ground (unassisted), (2) walking on level ground while using a walker, and (3) walking on a treadmill. Stride time variability and swing time variability were significantly increased in the patients compared to the control subjects when walking on level ground with a walker. In both groups, the use of a walking aid did not significantly affect stride time variability or swing time variability, but the treadmill reduced stride time variability and swing time variability in the patients and in the controls. These results indicate that, during treadmill walking, PD subjects are able to walk with a less variable and more stable gait. Because the treadmill walking speed was set to the gait speed on level ground and because this effect was not seen with a walking aid, we suggest that the treadmill may be acting as an external cue to enhance gait rhythmicity and reduce gait variability.
Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Disciform Keratitis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (1993)

Disciform keratitis is a well-known sequela of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and varicella. 1 The clinical course can persist for many years with longterm dependence on low-dose topical steroids to suppress recurrent inflammation. The mechanism for disciform keratitis development is not known but is thought to be a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen in the cornea. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we have demonstrated the presence of VZV DNA in the cornea of a patient who underwent penetrating keratoplasty 2 years following development of HZO. Report of a Case. —A 47-year-old woman was afflicted with HZO in V-1 and V-2 dermatomes on the left side in October 1989. Zoster keratouveitis resulted in secondary, open angle glaucoma. The patient presented in February 1991 with disciform keratitis and Streptococcus viridans corneal ulceration that was successfully treated with topical vancomycin (50 mg/mL) and topical penicillin G (100000 U/mL) (Fig 1).
Drug binding by branched DNA: selective interaction of the dye Stains-All with an immobile junction (1990)

The thiacarbocyanine dye Stains-All (4,5:4',5'-dibenzo-3,3'-diethyl-9-methylthiacarbocyanine bromide) is one of a large number of cyanine dyes introduced as photosensitizers in the photographic industry. Stains-All is used in histology as a stain for nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. We report here that the dye colors branched DNA molecules differently from linear duplexes and use footprinting experiments with methidiumpropyl-EDTA-Fe(II) [MPE.Fe(II)] and bis(o-phenanthroline)copper(I) [(O-P)2Cu(I)] to show that Stains-All interacts preferentially at the branch point of a four-arm DNA structure. A titration experiment allows us to estimate that the interaction of the dye with the branch has a dissociation constant below 45 nM, tighter than that of ethidium or methidium by over 2 orders of magnitude. Probing the interaction with the purine-specific reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) implies that the dye induces an asymmetric distortion near the branch in the major grooves of double helix in the junction.
Principles of key management (1993)

Security services based on cryptographic mechanisms assume keys to be distributed prior to secure communications. The secure management of these keys is one of the most critical elements when integrating cryptographic functions into a system, since any security concept will be ineffective if the key management is weak. This work approaches the problem of key management in a modular and hierarchical manner. It discusses key management security requirements, deals with generic key management concepts and design criteria, describes key management services and building blocks, as well as key management facilities, key management units, and their interrelationship.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contrasting Effects of EWI Proteins, Integrins, and Protein Palmitoylation on Cell Surface CD9 Organization (2006)

CD9, a tetraspanin protein, makes crucial contributions to sperm egg fusion, other cellular fusions, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, cell motility, and tumor suppression. Here we characterize a low affinity anti-CD9 antibody, C9BB, which binds preferentially to homoclustered CD9. Using mAb C9BB as a tool, we show that cell surface CD9 homoclustering is promoted by expression of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins and by palmitoylation of the CD9 and beta4 proteins. Conversely, CD9 is shifted toward heteroclusters upon expression of CD9 partner proteins (EWI-2 and EWI-F) or other tetraspanins, or upon ablation of CD9 palmitoylation. Furthermore, unpalmitoylated CD9 showed enhanced EWI-2 association, thereby demonstrating a previously unappreciated role for tetraspanin palmitoylation, and underscoring how depalmitoylation and EWI-2 association may collaborate to shift CD9 from homo- to heteroclusters. In conclusion, we have used a novel molecular probe (mAb C9BB) to demonstrate the existence of multiple types of CD9 complex on the cell surface. A shift from homo- to heteroclustered CD9 may be functionally significant because the latter was especially obvious on malignant epithelial tumor cells. Hence, because of its specialized properties, C9BB may be more useful than other anti-CD9 antibodies for monitoring CD9 during tumor progression.
Investigating Change of Polydispersity and Rheology of Crude Oil and Bitumen Due to Asphaltene Oxidation (2020)

This paper examines the effect of oxidation of asphaltene molecules on the overall polydispersity and rheology of a bituminous matrix. The research hypothesis is that oxidation of asphaltene molecules increases bitumen polydispersity; it is further hypothesized that increased polydispersity leads to reduction in crossover modulus and viscosity of the bituminous matrix. To test this hypothesis, laboratory experiments combined with molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the properties of bitumen samples containing different concentrations of oxidized asphaltenes. To prepare samples, asphaltene was initially solvent-extracted from the bitumen sample; a portion of the extracted asphaltenes was then oxidized using an ozone treatment oven. The oxidized portion and nonoxidized portion were then blended and added back to the original bitumen sample via solvent blending to ensure uniform distribution. Rheological characterization of bitumen samples containing oxidized asphaltene showed that viscosity measured at shear rates above 1 s–1 decreases as the concentration of oxidized asphaltenes increases. Our molecular level analysis showed that aggregation of asphaltene molecules increases with the increase in concentration of oxidized asphaltene, which in turn increases the polydispersity in the bitumen matrix. Polydispersity is inversely related to crossover modulus, so an increase in polydispersity is expected to reduce the crossover modulus. The latter was confirmed by our rheometry results showing a significant reduction in crossover modulus when the content of oxidized asphaltene molecules increased. The outcome of this study shows that oxidation of asphaltene molecules alone leads to formation of nanoaggregates of asphaltene that easily move against each other reducing bitumen viscosity at high shear rates. The latter reduction effect may be masked in the field when asphaltene oxidation is accompanied by the loss of volatiles, aromatization, and carbonation as aging progresses. The study highlights the role of oxidized asphaltene molecules in the flow behavior of bitumen; this, in turn, helps refineries and blending terminals tune viscous flow and bitumen rheology by controlling the extent of asphaltene oxidation and subsequent aggregation.
Synthesis and Complexation Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Linked Mono- and Bis-dioxocyclams (2000)

Both tri- and tetra(ethylene glycol) linked bis-chromium carbene complexes have been synthesized. These carbene complexes were photolyzed with N-protected imidazolines to give protected azapenams. These were transformed into polyether-linked basket dioxocyclams 4a,b and bis-dioxocyclams 5a,b. These compounds have cavities for the complexation of both "hard" and "soft" metal ions. The complexes of Ni, Ba, and Gd were synthesized.
Aspects of sentence retrieval (2007)

Sentence Retrieval is the task of retrieving a relevant sentence in response to a query, a question, or a reference sentence. Tasks such as question answering, summarization, novelty detection, and information provenance make use of a sentence-retrieval module as a preprocessing step. The performance of these systems is dependent on the quality of the sentence-retrieval module. Other tasks such as information extraction and machine translation operate on sentences, either using them as training data, or as the unit of input or output (or both), and may benefit from sentence retrieval to build a training corpus, or as a post-processing step.
Nocturnal hemodialysis (1998)

There is evidence that high frequency, as well as long duration, hemodialysis provides better clinical outcomes. We developed nocturnal hemodialysis, a new innovative form of renal replacement therapy, which is performed six to seven nights per week for 8 to 10 h during sleep at home. Blood flow was set at 300 ml/min and dialysate flow at 100 ml/min. An internal jugular catheter was used as the vascular access. Special precautions were taken to prevent accidental disconnection during sleep, as well as air embolization. Dialysis functions from the patient's home were monitored continuously via a modem at the nocturnal hemodialysis center. Twelve patients have completed training and have been successfully performing nocturnal hemodialysis for up to 34 mo. This study represents 170 patient months of experience accumulated over 3 yr. There was hemodynamic stability and significant subjective improvement in patient well being. Nightly Kt/V was 0.99. Weekly removal of phosphate was twice as high and beta2 microglobulin 4 times as high as conventional hemodialysis. All patients have discontinued their phosphate binders and have increased dietary phosphate and protein intake. BP control was achieved with fewer medications. Dialyzer reuse has decreased the operating costs to the level of the other form of home dialysis. Complications were infrequent and were related primarily to the dialysis access. Nocturnal hemodialysis represents the most efficient form of dialysis at low cost and should be considered as an option for patients who can be trained for home hemodialysis.
Catalytic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Arylation of Free Primary Amines with an <i>exo</i> Directing Group Generated In Situ (2016)

Herein, we report the palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds in free primary amines. This method takes advantage of an exo-imine-type directing group (DG) that can be generated and removed in situ. A range of unprotected aliphatic amines are suitable substrates, undergoing site-selective arylation at the γ-position. Methyl as well as cyclic and acyclic methylene groups can be activated. Furthermore, when aniline-derived substrates were used, preliminary success with δ-C-H arylation was achieved. The feasibility of using the DG component in a catalytic fashion was also demonstrated.
Aerobic catalytic oxidative coupling of 2-naphthols and phenols by VO(acac)2 (1999)

In the presence of a catalytic amount of VO(acac)2, oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol or phenol derivatives with molecular oxygen occurred at room temperature and selectively gave the corresponding ortho–ortho coupling products in moderate to high yields.
Memory in quantum-dot photoluminescence blinking (2005)

10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/197