gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gaussian Orthogonal Relay Channels: Optimal Resource Allocation and Capacity (2005)

A Gaussian orthogonal relay model is investigated, where the source transmits to the relay and destination in channel 1, and the relay transmits to the destination in channel 2, with channels 1 and 2 being orthogonalized in the time-frequency plane in order to satisfy practical constraints. The total available channel resource (time and bandwidth) is split into the two orthogonal channels, and the resource allocation to the two channels is considered to be a design parameter that needs to be optimized. The main focus of the analysis is on the case where the source-to-relay link is better than the source-to-destination link, which is the usual scenario encountered in practice. A lower bound on the capacity (achievable rate) is derived, and optimized over the parameter /spl theta/, which represents the fraction of the resource assigned to channel 1. It is shown that the lower bound achieves the max-flow min-cut upper bound at the optimizing /spl theta/, the common value thus being the capacity of the channel at the optimizing /spl theta/. Furthermore, it is shown that when the relay-to-destination signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than a certain threshold, the capacity at the optimizing /spl theta/ is also the maximum capacity of the channel over all possible resource allocation parameters /spl theta/. Finally, the achievable rates for optimal and equal resource allocations are compared, and it is shown that optimizing the resource allocation yields significant performance gains.
Testing and Results of Hindi-Dogri Machine Translation System (2015)

The Hindi-Dogri Machine Translation System is based on the direct approach of Machine Translation (MT). It translates Hindi text into Dogri. This paper presents in brief the development of the system and details of testing and the evaluation of the results of this system. Keywords: Accuracy Testing, Hindi-Dogri MTS, Intelligibility Testing, Quantitative Testing
Regulation of 25-OH-D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase activities along the rat nephron and in isolated kidney cells. (1985)

The regulation of 25-OH-D3 metabolism in isolated cells of one kidney and microdissected single nephron segments from the contralateral kidney was studied. Preparations from rats fed a normal diet produced only 24,25-OH2-D3, in isolated cells (7.9 pmol/1.25 X 10(6) cells/min; 5 micron 25-OH-D3), in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT; 1.9 pmol/mm/min; 0.1 mM 25-OH-D3), and proximal straight tubules (PST; 1.5 pmol/mm/min; 0.1 mM 25-OH-D3). Distal tubules (DT) did not metabolize 25-OH-D3. Rats pretreated with 1,25-(OH)2-D3 produced more 24,25-(OH)2-D3 in PST (2.49 pmol/mm/min), with no change of metabolism in the isolated cells, PCT and DT. Preparations from vitamin D deficient rats produced both 24,25-(OH)2-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3: 7.2 and 4.6 pmol/1.25 X 10(6) cells/min, respectively, in the cells, 0.9 and 0.3 pmol/mm/min in PCT and 1.2 and 0.4 in PST. These results confirm that rat PCT and PST have 24-hydroxylase activity, that in vitamin D deficiency, rat renal cells, PCT and PST all have both 24-hydroxylase and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and that 1,25-(OH)2-D3 pretreatment increases the 24-hydroxylase activity in the PST but not in the PCT.
Calibration of digital optical phase conjugation setups based on orthonormal rectangular polynomials (2016)

Digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) has proven to be a promising technique in deep tissue fluorescence imaging. Nonetheless, DOPC optical setups require precise alignment of all optical components to accurately read the wavefront of scattered light in a turbid medium and playback the conjugated beam toward the sample. Minor misalignments and possible imperfections in the arrangement or the structure of the optical components significantly reduce the performance of the method. In this paper, a calibration procedure based on orthogonal rectangular polynomials is introduced to compensate major imperfections including the optical aberration in the wavefront of the reference beam and the substrate curvature of the spatial light modulator without adding extra optical components to the original setup. The proposed algorithm also provides a systematic calibration procedure for mechanical fine tuning of DOPC systems. It is shown experimentally that the proposed calibration process improves the peak-to-background ratio when focusing light after passing through a highly scattering medium.
Application studying of PIV on groove drag reduction characteristics (2008)

This article discusses in detail the principle of drag-reducing using the grooved surface. The flow boundary layer over five kinds of different shapes grooved surface are studied experimentally by PIV technology, obtained velocity distribution at flow direction and normal direction. used the loss method of flow momentum and Ludwieg & Tillman experience formula method, respectively, calculated the local drag coefficient of groove and smooth plate and make a detailed comparative analysis. Investigated the factors on the impact of resistance of influence groove resistance properties, and analysis the mechanism of drag reduction, Show that groove has the function of weakened the role of turbulence, and this implies that the local friction of the flow is reduced. The maximum drag reduction efficiency in the 2<sup>#</sup> groove plate is the drag reduction 5.89 %. The experimental results indicate that using the PIV technology to measure the turbulent boundary layer is totally feasible.
Molasses as a Source of Vitamin B. (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolasses as a Source of Vitamin B.V. E. Nelson, V. G. Heller, and E. I. FulmerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1925, 17, 2, 199–201Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50182a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50182a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Identification of Genetic Loci in Lactobacillus plantarum That Modulate the Immune Response of Dendritic Cells Using Comparative Genome Hybridization (2010)

Comparative genome hybridization led to the identification of gene loci in L. plantarum WCFS1 that modulate the immune response of DCs.
In search of clusters: the coming battle in lowly parallel computing (1995)

I. WHAT IS A CLUSTER, AND WHY USE THEM? 1. Introduction. Working Harder. Working Smarter. Getting Help. A Neglected Paradigm. What Is To Come. 2. Examples. The Farm. Fermilab. Many Others. Cluster System Products. Cluster Software Products. Availability Clusters. Not the End. 3. Why Clusters? The Standard Litany. Why Now? Why Not Now? Cluster Enablers. 4. Definition, Distinctions, and Initial Comparisons. Definition. Distinction From Parallel Systems. Distinctions from Distributed Systems. Concerning System Other Comparisons. Reactions. II. HARDWARE. 5. A Cluster Bestiary. Exposed vs. Enclosed. Glass-House vs. Campus-Wide Cluster Hardware Structures. Communication Requirements. 6. Symmetric Multiprocessors. What Is an SMP? What Is a Cache, and Why Is It Necessary? Memory Contention. Cache Coherence. Sequential and Other Consistencies. Input/Output. Summary. III. SOFTWARE. 7. Workloads. Why Discuss Workloads? Serial: Throughput. Parallel. Amdahl's Law. The Point of All This. 8. Basic Programming Models and Issues. What Is a Programming Model? The Sample Problem. Uniprocessor. Shared Memory. Message-Passing. Both at Once. SIMD and All That. Importance. 9. Commercial Programming Models. Small N vs. Large N. Small-N Programming Models. Large-N I/O Programming Models. Large-N Processor-Memory Models. Shared Disk or not Shared Disk? Small N vs. Large N in Commercial Subsystems. 10. Single System Image. Single-System-Image Boundaries. Single-System-Image Levels. The Application and Subsystem Levels. The Operating System Kernel Levels. Hardware Levels. SSI and System Management. IV. SYSTEMS. 11. Symmetric Multiprocessors vs. Clusters. What's Being Compared? Conventional Wisdom. SMP and Other Scaling. SMP-Cluster Performance Comparisons. Other Comparisons. Conclusions? 12. Why We Need the Concept of Cluster. Benchmarks. Development Directions. Confusion of Issues. The Lure of Large Numbers. 13. Conclusion. Cluster Operating Systems. Communication Overhead. Standards. Software Pricing. Coda: The End of Parallel Computer Architecture. Annotated Bibliography. Index. About the Author.
19.4 An Adaptive Clock Management Scheme Exploiting Instruction-Based Dynamic Timing Slack for a General-Purpose Graphics Processor Unit with Deep Pipeline and Out-of-Order Execution (2019)

Cycle-by-cycle dynamic timing slack (DTS), which represents extra timing margin from the critical-path timing slack reported by the static timing analysis (STA), has been observed at both program level and instruction level. Conventional dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) works at the program level and does not provide adequate frequency-scaling granularity for instruction-level timing management [1]. Razor-based techniques leverage error detection to exploit the DTS on a cycle-by-cycle basis [2]. However, it requires additional error-detection circuits and architecture-level co-design for error recovery [3]. Supply droop-based adaptive clocking was used to reduce timing margin under PVT variation, but does not address the instruction-level timing variation [4]. Recently, instruction-based adaptive clock schemes have been introduced to enhance a CPU's operation [5-6]. For example, instruction types at the execution stage were used to provide timing control for a simple pipeline structure. However, this scheme lacks adequate consideration for other pipeline stages whose timing may not be opcode dependent [5]. In [6], the instruction-execution sequence was evaluated at the compiler level with the timing encoded into the instruction code. The scheme considers all pipeline stages but relies on in-order execution of instructions for proper timing encoding from the compiler.
Lipid raft-dependent death receptor 5 (DR5) expression and activation are critical for ursodeoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells (2011)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known as a suppressor of cholestatic liver diseases and colorectal cancer development. Here, we demonstrate that UDCA induces apoptosis without necrotic features in SNU601, SNU638, SNU1 and SNU216 human gastric cancer cells, implying its possible use as an effective chemotherapeutic agent in treatment of gastric cancer. UDCA-induced apoptosis was dominantly mediated by an extrinsic pathway dependent on caspase-8, -6 and -3. UDCA increased expression of death receptor 5 [(DR5), also known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2], and this DR appeared to be responsible for UDCA-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by DR5 knockdown. UDCA triggered formation of lipid rafts that played crucial roles in UDCA-induced apoptotic actions. Lipid rafts were required not only for provision of a proper site for DR5 action but also for mediation of DR5 expression. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C (PKC) δ appeared to be implicated in UDCA-induced raft-dependent DR5 expression. Our results indicate that UDCA-induced apoptosis is mediated by DR5 expression, which is regulated by the raft formation/ROS production/PKCδ activation pathway and DR5 localization into lipid rafts in gastric cancer cells. Tumor-suppressive activity of UDCA was confirmed in an in vivo system: UDCA (120 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased tumor growth in gastric cancer xenograft mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that UDCA can be used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of gastric cancer.
Electron Microscopical and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Induction of "Qi" Employing Needling Manipulation (1992)

During a sparrow-pecking and twisting-needle manipulation to the acupoints BL 23, 24 and 25 for an induction of "Qi", it was found that some transparent materials were binding to the needles after removed from the volunteer's skin. Electron-microscopical analysis of the transparent materials revealed that they corresponded to the injured fascia made up of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells. Rarely were nerve fiber-like structures observed in the materials. Immunohistochemically, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibers could be demonstrated in the acupoint BL 24 associated fascia. A possible functional relationship between the needle manipulation and the induction of Qi-sensation is discussed along with the acupoint tissue constitution.
Mobile Edge Computing via a UAV-Mounted Cloudlet: Optimization of Bit Allocation and Path Planning (2017)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been recently considered as means to provide enhanced coverage or relaying services to mobile users (MUs) in wireless systems with limited or no infrastructure. In this paper, a UAV-based mobile cloud computing system is studied in which a moving UAV is endowed with computing capabilities to offer computation offloading opportunities to MUs with limited local processing capabilities. The system aims at minimizing the total mobile energy consumption while satisfying quality of service requirements of the offloaded mobile application. Offloading is enabled by uplink and downlink communications between the mobile devices and the UAV, which take place by means of frequency division duplex via orthogonal or nonorthogonal multiple access schemes. The problem of jointly optimizing the bit allocation for uplink and downlink communications as well as for computing at the UAV, along with the cloudlet's trajectory under latency and UAV's energy budget constraints is formulated and addressed by leveraging successive convex approximation strategies. Numerical results demonstrate the significant energy savings that can be accrued by means of the proposed joint optimization of bit allocation and cloudlet's trajectory as compared to local mobile execution as well as to partial optimization approaches that design only the bit allocation or the cloudlet's trajectory.
Irradiation effects in perovskite-type fluorides (1983)

Abstract Nominally pure as well as variously doped ABF3 crystals were irradiated by X-rays or by monochromatic UV radiation in the spectral region from 300 to 110 nm. It appears that some of the absorption bands, induced by the low energy radiation are due to the same defects as the electron induced bands at the same wavelengths; this is supported by the finding, that the related bands decay in both cases in a similar way. Correlations were also found between the spectral composition of the TL emitted during thermal annealing of certain radiation defects and the emission bands of the X-luminescence. Some emission bands are attributed to a radiative decay of self trapped excitons, others to the recombination of holes with F centers or with electrons trapped at the sites of impurity ions. Experimental data obtained even from differently structured samples, showed similar and consistent results, indicating that radiolysis processes are responsible for the defect formation by X and by VUV-radiation also in this type of crystals.
Flexible superconducting Nb transmission lines on thin film polyimide for quantum computing applications (2016)

We describe progress and initial results achieved towards the goal of developing integrated multi-conductor arrays of shielded controlled-impedance flexible superconducting transmission lines with ultra-miniature cross sections and wide bandwidths (dc to >10 GHz) over meter-scale lengths. Intended primarily for use in future scaled-up quantum computing systems, such flexible thin-film Nb/polyimide ribbon cables provide a physically compact and ultra-low thermal conductance alternative to the rapidly increasing number of discrete coaxial cables that are currently used by quantum computing experimentalists to transmit signals between the low-temperature stages (from ~ 4 K down to ~ 20 mK) of a dilution refrigerator. S-parameters are presented for 2-metal layer Nb microstrip structures with lengths ranging up to 550 mm. Weakly coupled open-circuit microstrip resonators provided a sensitive measure of the overall transmission line loss as a function of frequency, temperature, and power. Two common polyimide dielectrics, one conventional and the other photo-definable (PI-2611 and HD-4100, respectively) were compared. Our most striking result, not previously reported to our knowledge, was that the dielectric loss tangents of both polyimides are remarkably low at deep cryogenic temperatures, typically 100$\times$ smaller than corresponding room temperature values. This enables fairly long-distance transmission of microwave signals without excessive attenuation and permits usefully high rf power levels to be transmitted without creating excessive dielectric heating. We observed loss tangents as low as 2.2$\times$10$^{-5}$ at 20 mK. Our fabrication techniques could be extended to more complex structures such as multiconductor, multi-layer stripline or rectangular coax, and integrated attenuators and thermalization structures.
Audio-video recording of informed consent process: Boon or bane (2014)

The Drugs Technical Advisory Board has recommended inclusion of audio-video (AV) recording of the informed consent process while conducting clinical trials in India. It is included as draft rule in the gazette of India notification dated 7(th) June 2013. This will soon become a law. There are many anticipated advantages of AV recording like reliability, transparency, and improvement in quality of conduct of informed consent process. However, at the same time the industry will need to address challenges in infrastructure, maintaining confidentiality, cost implication, and so on. AV recording will help reassure the government and community about standards maintained by the industry/institute while conducting informed consent process, thereby increasing society's faith in clinical research.
The Action of Bismuth against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Mimics but Is Not Caused by Intracellular Iron Deprivation (2004)

Helicobacter pylori is highly susceptible to bismuth, a heavy metal with antimicrobial activity linked to its effect on bacterial iron uptake. Three strains of H. pylori were analyzed for indicators of iron limitation following exposure to the MIC of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (MIC(CBS)). Similar morphologic and outer membrane changes were observed following growth in iron-limiting medium and at the MIC(CBS) that inhibited the growth of all three strains. These changes, which were also observed for iron-limited bacteria, were alleviated by the addition of iron to the cultures. H. pylori ATP levels, reduced in iron-limiting medium, were below the limits of detection in two of the three strains following exposure to bismuth. The addition of iron partially restored bacterial ATP levels in these two strains, although not to normal concentrations. In contrast, exposure of the same strains to the MIC(CBS) failed to deplete intracellular levels of iron, which were significantly reduced by culturing in iron-limiting medium. Thus, the antimicrobial effect of bismuth and of iron limitation on H. pylori may be similar. However, the respective mechanisms of intracellular action would appear to be mediated by different pathways within the cell.
A novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily expressed in rat carcinoma cell lines. (1994)

Defined by monoclonal antibody E4, the pE4 antigen is a 66,000-Da glycoprotein which is expressed at the cell surface of rat colon and mammary carcinomas, but only in trace amounts in normal adult rat tissues. To determine the structure of this tumor-associated antigen and to identify its functional domains, we have cloned a cDNA coding for this protein. It encodes a 416-amino acid protein with an expected molecular weight for the core protein of approximately 42,000. The predicted amino acid sequence reveals that pE4 contains the conserved amino acids and domain structures characteristic of members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Comparison of this sequence with data banks revealed a significant homology with the human and mouse receptors for polio-virus. However, pE4 is not the rat receptor for poliovirus, as different patterns were obtained by hybridization of rat genomic DNA with both probes. A major approximately 2.2-kilobase transcript of the pE4 gene was detected in all the rat tumor cell lines tested. In contrast, barely detectable levels of pE4 mRNA were found in normal adult rat tissues.
Spectral Color Reproduction Based on a Six-Color InkJet Output System (2001)

The accuracy of a six-color inkjet printing system was tested using object-color spectral datasets known to both span and exceed the system's spectral gamut. The theoretical basis of the system is the Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer equation implemented in an iterative optimization process minimizing spectral RMS error. Results of the end-to-end system based on the reproduction of 170 object colors compiled by Vrhel, et al. show a mean ΔE*94 of 3.2 while 384 randomly selected printed color samples (in-gamut) were reproduced with a mean ΔE*94 of 0.9.
Mobile Visual Location Recognition (2011)

With recent advances in CBIR, mobile visual location recognition becomes feasible. Using video recordings of a mobile device as a visual fingerprint of the environment and matching them to a georeferenced database provides pose information in a very natural way. Hence, LBSs can be provided without complex infrastructure in areas where the accuracy and availability of GPS is limited. This includes indoor environments where georeferenced data are just about to become publicly available.