gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Bidirectional Coupler For Full Duplex Transmission On A Single Optical Fiber</title> (1978)

An analysis has been made of several bi-directional coupling schemes that allow duplex transmission over a single optical fiber through the use of wavelength separation. Three basic generic types of couplers have been considered: prism, grating, and dichroic mirror. Included in the analysis is a detailed comparison with respect to throughput loss, internal crosstalk and external crosstalk rejection of two potential implementations of each generic type. The throughput loss calculation includes the effect of scattering and absorption from component surfaces and volumes, and an approximate calculation of losses due to basic diffraction limitations. A detailed crosstalk analysis based on the estimated scattering mainly from component surfaces has also been performed.
Recruitment of antigenic gamma-tubulin during mitosis in animal cells: presence of gamma-tubulin in the mitotic spindle (1994)

It has been claimed repeatedly that gamma-tubulin is exclusively localized at the spindle poles in mitotic animal cells, where it plays a role in microtubule nucleation. In addition to this localization, we have observed a gamma-tubulin-specific staining of the mitotic spindle in several animal cells (human, kangaroo rat, mouse, Chinese hamster, Xenopus and Drosophila) using five polyclonal antibodies raised against unique gamma-tubulin sequences and four different fixation protocols. In HeLa and PtK2 cells, gamma-tubulin was detected in the mitotic spindle from late prometaphase to telophase. In contrast, in other cell types, it was detected in metaphase only. In all cases we failed to detect gamma-tubulin in the short aster microtubules at the spindle poles. Electron microscopic observation revealed that at least part of the gamma-tubulin localized on the surface of spindle microtubules with a preferential distribution along kinetochore microtubules. In HeLa cells, the amount of antigenic gamma-tubulin was fairly constant in the spindle poles during mitosis from prometaphase to telophase. In contrast, gamma-tubulin appeared in the mitotic spindles in prometaphase. The amount of gamma-tubulin decreased in telophase, where it relocalized in the interzone. In metaphase cells about 15-25% of the total fluorescence was localized at the spindle poles, while 75-85% of the fluorescence was distributed over the rest of the spindle. These results suggest that the localization and timing of gamma-tubulin during the cell cycle is highly regulated and that is physiological role could be more complex and diverse than initially assumed.
Diffusional Deposition of Charged Latex Particles on Water−Solid Interfaces at Low Ionic Strength (1998)

The deposition of positively charged latex particles with radii between 20 and 100 nm on a negatively charged mica surface is investigated with atomic force microscopy at low ionic strengths. The polystyrene latex spheres with amidine headgroups are characterized as to their size distribution, electrophoretic mobility, and aggregation behavior. Surface coverage measurements take into account the polydispersity of the particles on the surface. Deposition kinetics from a quiescent solution are, for low coverage, in good agreement with diffusion-limited adsorption. At long times, the surface coverage tends toward a maximum surface coverage θmax independent of the particle concentration but depending on ionic strength. This work extends the available data for θmax for small particle size and very low ionic strengths. The values for θmax decrease with decreasing ionic strength; this trend is described with a simple model based on random sequential adsorption and the effect of overlapping double layers. Particle size polydispersity can modify the results for θmax substantially; its influence is investigated in detail.
A real-time asymmetric multiprocessor reconfigurable system-on-chip architecture (2005)

We propose an asymmetric multi-processor SoC architecture, featuring a master CPU running uClinux, and multiple loosely-coupled slave CPUs running real-time threads assigned by the master CPU. Real-time SoC architectures often demand a compromise between a generic platform for different applications, and application-specific customizations to achieve performance requirements. Our proposed architecture offers a generic platform running a conventional embedded operating system providing a traditional software-oriented development approach, while multiple slave CPUs act as a dedicated independent real-time threads execution unit running in parallel of master CPU to achieve performance requirements. In this paper, the architecture is described, including the application / threading development environment. The performance of the architecture with several standard benchmark routines is also analysed.
Acidities of polyfluorinated hydrocarbons. I. Aryl-substituted 2-hydro-2-phenylhexafluoropropanes. Intermediate carbanion stability and geometry (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidities of polyfluorinated hydrocarbons. I. Aryl-substituted 2-hydro-2-phenylhexafluoropropanes. Intermediate carbanion stability and geometryKenneth J. Klabunde and Donald J. BurtonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 3, 820–828Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00758a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00758a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanoimprinted transparent metal electrodes and their applications in organic optoelectronic devices (2009)

A new type of transparent and conductive electrode (TCE) in the form of nanoscale periodically perforated metal mesh film by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been developed. The developed transparent metal electrodes have the characteristics of high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity, a combination of properties that makes them suitable as a replacement for indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), a predominant choice as a TCE for organic optoelectronic device applications. Not only do metals provide different work functions, but also nanoscale metallic gratings exhibit unique optical properties due to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which can be exploited in specially designed solar cells to achieve enhanced light absorption. The future low-cost and high performance organic optoelectronic devices will need a TCE which should be available with low-cost and high mechanical stability, the properties which ITO does not have. This work shows that transparent metal (e.g. Cu) electrodes on flexible plastic substrates exhibit not only high transmittance and conductivity, but also a superior mechanical strength to compared ITO electrode. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been demonstrated using transparent metal (Au, Ag, and Cu) electrodes as a TCE on both hard (glass) and soft (PET) substrates and showed comparable performance to the device using conventional ITO electrode. To demonstrate the possibility of PCE enhancement of OSCs using developed metal electrode, OSCs have been fabricated with a periodic (220 nm) Ag grating electrode, acting as not only a transparent electrode but also to support surface plasmon modes with localized and concentrated light distribution. Absolute PCE enhancement of about 35 % for the device with Ag electrode relative to the ITO device was achieved. It has also been demonstrated that the SPR enhances the external quantum efficiency (EQE) by about 2.5 times for the Ag device compared to the ITO device. The experimental results suggested that higher enhancement would be possible for a thinner organic layer. Therefore, the use of transparent metal electrode as a TCE instead of ITO could help to realize low-cost, high performance large area flexible organic optoelectronic devices such as OSCs and OLEDs.
Spectral Properties of Fricative Consonants (1956)

Energy density spectra of gated segments of fricative consonants were measured. The spectral data were used as a basis for developing objective identification criteria which yielded fair results when tested. As a further check gated segments of fricatives were presented for identification to a group of listeners and their responses evaluated in terms of the objective identification criteria.
Accuracy of urine pH testing in a regional metabolic renal clinic: is the dipstick accurate enough? (2013)

Urine pH is a useful marker for assessing treatment need and efficacy in patients with nephrolithiasis. Though the gold standard of measurement is with a pH electrode, dipsticks offer the convenience of cost, ease of use, and the possibility of patients measuring their own values outside the clinic. The aim of this study was to determine whether dipsticks offer the same accuracy as the electrode. Paired measurements of freshly voided urine pH with both electrode and dipstick were analysed in a multidisciplinary renal clinic. We found that although there was a high Pearson correlation between the samples (0.89, p = 0.001), urine dipstick measurements carried an approximately 1 in 4 risk of producing clinically significant differences (pH differences > 0.5 pH unit) from meter values. We also found that at high and low urine pH, the dipstick tended to over- and underestimate true pH readings, respectively. Examining the values in the 98 patients where a need for pharmacological urinary pH manipulation was indicated by the true pH, we found 14 who would not have been appropriately treated, and 5 who would have been unnecessarily medicated, if the stick pH value had been used. We conclude that dipstick pH measurement is insufficiently reliable for guiding clinical decision-making.
DDoS Intrusion Detection Through Machine Learning Ensemble (2019)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have been the prominent attacks over the last decade. A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) should seamlessly configure to fight against these attackers' new approaches and patterns of DDoS attack. In this paper, we propose a NIDS which can detect existing as well as new types of DDoS attacks. The key feature of our NIDS is that it combines different classifiers using ensemble models, with the idea that each classifier can target specific aspects/types of intrusions, and in doing so provides a more robust defense mechanism against new intrusions. Further, we perform a detailed analysis of DDoS attacks, and based on this domain-knowledge verify the reduced feature set [27, 28] to significantly improve accuracy. We experiment with and analyze NSL-KDD dataset with reduced feature set and our proposed NIDS can detect 99.1% of DDoS attacks successfully. We compare our results with other existing approaches. Our NIDS approach has the learning capability to keep up with new and emerging DDoS attack patterns.
Fabrication of <i>in situ</i> Ohmic contacts patterned in three dimensions using a focused ion beam during molecular beam epitaxial growth (1997)

Focused ion beam doping during molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth is a novel technique that allows the in situ fabrication of unique three-dimensional semiconductor structures with doping profiles unobtainable using standard planar lithography. Conventional MBE growth uses a thermal Si effusion cell as the dopant source during two-dimensional layer growth of III–V semiconductor material. In the technique described here, a scanning Si focused ion beam (FIB) has been added onto the growth chamber to introduce the dopant atoms selectively in a maskless lithographic process. As the FIB is rastered in the xy plane under computer control during crystal growth in the z direction, it is possible to generate specific three-dimensional dopant patterns embedded within the semiconductor. Furthermore, the patterned semiconductor crystal requires no post growth anneal as the dopant ions are decelerated by a retarding electric field on the sample. The dopant is thus deposited on the epilayer surface rather than impinging at high energy, minimizing crystal damage. In this article, we report the successful fabrication and electrical measurements of highly doped GaAs/AlGaAs structures, directly written by focused ion MBE (FIMBE). The scanning Si FIB has been used to form both lateral and vertical, low resistance Ohmic contacts to two-dimensional electron gases at low temperatures. Lateral patterning was initially exploited to form extended contacts to an electrostatically induced electron gas. This was achieved by FIMBE using both selective modulation doping (forming two-dimensional electron gas sheet contacts to the induced gas) and selective n+ doping directly in the quantum well. Field-effect transistor action and Shubnikov de Haas oscillations were observed, thus demonstrating that the conventionally difficult constraint of self-alignment in undoped GaAs/AlGaAs field-effect transistor structures can be eliminated. Vertical patterning was used to form degenerately doped n+ columns embedded within a conventional high electron mobility transistor structure. The resulting I–V characteristics, recorded at room temperature and at 1.5 K in the presence of a 5 T magnetic field, will be discussed. The ability to introduce specific doping within a structure opens the possibility of forming three-dimensional integrated conducting pathways which would not be possible by any other means.
Safety of Continuous Nebulized Albuterol for Bronchospasm in Infants and Children (1993)

Continuous albuterol therapy appears to be safe in our patient population as there was no significant evidence of cardiotoxicity. The significance of the transient elevation of CK-MB without other evidence of cardiotoxicity remains to be determined.
Template Design of Microreactors with Colloidal Assemblies:  Control the Growth of Copper Metal Rods (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVResearch ArticleNEXTTemplate Design of Microreactors with Colloidal Assemblies: Control the Growth of Copper Metal RodsM. P. Pileni, T. Gulik-Krzywicki, J. Tanori, A. Filankembo, and J. C. DedieuView Author Information Laboratoire SRSI, URA CNRS 1662, Université P. et M. Curie (Paris VI), B.P. 52, 4 Place Jussieu, F-752 31 Paris Cedex 05, France, CEA-CEN Saclay, DRECAM-SCM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France, and Centre de Génétique Moléculaire-CNRS, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France Cite this: Langmuir 1998, 14, 26, 7359–7363Publication Date (Web):December 5, 1998Publication History Received22 April 1998Revised10 August 1998Published online5 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la980461mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la980461mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views870Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Copper,Interfaces,Metals,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
The cap-choke catheter antenna for microwave ablation treatment (1996)

A matched-dipole type catheter antenna is described for intracavitary and/or transluminal microwave treatment of diseases that may be responsive to thermal ablation therapy. This cap-choke antenna consists of an annular cap and coaxial choke design that can yield SAR distributions in and can produce heating of tissue surrounding the distal end of the catheter antenna. The cap-choke antenna is simple in construction, provides the desired specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution, and is efficient, i.e., the measured power reflection coefficient is 2% in tissue equivalent phantom modeling materials.
A CMOS Self-Powered Front-End Architecture for Subcutaneous Event-Detector Devices: Three-Electrodes Amperometric Biosensor Approach (2011)

Preface / Abstract. Abbreviations. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Energy Harvesting in Human and Non-Human Activities. 1.2 BioSensors. 1.3 Circuits for Three Electrodes BioSensors. 1.4 Contribution of this Book. 1.5 Outline of the Book. 1.6 References. 2 Energy Harvesting (Multi Harvesting Power Chip). 2.1 Multi Harvesting Power Chip (MHPC). 2.2 Solar and Inductive Power Harvesting. 2.3 Piezoelectric Harvesting. 2.4 Chapter Conclusions. 2.5 References. 3 Biomedical Integrated Instrumentation. 3.1 General Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation. 3.2 Electrochemical Biosensors. 3.3 Potentiostat (Sensor Instrumentation). 3.4. Low-Frequency Lock-In Amplifier. 3.5 Biotelemetry for Implanted Devices. 3.6 Chapter Conclusions. 3.7 References. 4 CMOS Front-End Architecture for In-Vivo Biomedical Subcutaneous Detection Devices. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Front-End General Architecture. 4.3 Prototypes Design and Results. 4.4 Chapter Conclusions. 4.5 References. 5 Conclusions and Future Work. 5.1 Conclusions. 5.2 Future Work. Appendix 1. Appendix 2. Appendix 3.
The Aml14 and Aml14.3D10 Cell Lines: A Long‐Overdue Model for the Study of Eosinophils and More (1998)

Over the past three decades, a number of myeloid cell lines have been established and have proven useful for the study of various aspects of normal and disordered hematopoiesis. However, one myeloid lineage for which a useful cell line model has been sorely lacking is the eosinophil. We review the characteristics of the recently developed AML14 and AML14.3D10 cell lines and summarize how they have been used to obtain important new information relevant to eosinophil biology. Observations regarding the apparent ability of the AML14.3D10 cell line to "switch" lineages and to produce and use GM-CSF in an autocrine fashion are also reviewed.
XXII.—On etherification (1852)

A. W. Williamson, Q. J. Chem. Soc., 1852, 4, 229 DOI: 10.1039/QJ8520400229
Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov., Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov. (1990)

Evidence from numerical taxonomic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization supports the proposal of new species in the genera Actinobacillus and Pasteurella. The following new species are proposed: Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., from the vaginas of postparturient sows; Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., associated with epididymitis of sheep; Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., associated with human Bartholin gland abscess and finger infections; Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov. (the BLG group), which causes bovine lymphangitis; Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., which causes abortion in sows; and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov., formerly biovar T of Pasteurella haemolytica, which causes septicemia in older lambs.
Continuous-wave operation and 10-Gb/s direct modulation of InAsP/InP sub-wavelength nanowire laser on silicon photonic crystal (2017)

We demonstrated sub-wavelength (∼111 nm diameter) single nanowire (NW) continuous wave (CW) lasers on silicon photonic crystal in the telecom-band with direct modulation at 10 Gb/s by optical pumping at cryogenic temperatures. To estimate the small signal response and pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) modulation of our CW lasers, we employed a new signal detection technique that employs a superconducting single photon detector and a time-correlated single photon counting module. The results showed that our NW laser was unambiguously modulated at above 10 Gb/s and an open eye pattern was obtained. This is the first demonstration of a telecom-band CW NW laser with high-speed PRBS modulation.
Active kernel learning (2008)

Identifying the appropriate kernel function/matrix for a given dataset is essential to all kernel-based learning techniques. A number of kernel learning algorithms have been proposed to learn kernel functions or matrices from side information (e.g., either labeled examples or pairwise constraints). However, most previous studies are limited to "passive" kernel learning in which side information is provided beforehand. In this paper we present a framework of Active Kernel Learning (AKL) that actively identifies the most informative pairwise constraints for kernel learning. The key challenge of active kernel learning is how to measure the informativeness of an example pair given its class label is unknown. To this end, we propose a min-max approach for active kernel learning that selects the example pair that results in a large classification margin regardless of its assigned class label. We furthermore approximate the related optimization problem into a convex programming problem. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing it to two other implementations of active kernel learning. Empirical study with nine datasets on semi-supervised data clustering shows that the proposed algorithm is more effective than its competitors.
Insecticides and acaricides : resistance and environmental impact (1994)

Insecticides continue to be the primary means of control for ectoparasites on livestock. Intensive use of these materials has led to resistance to organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids among populations of Haematobia irritans irritans, H. irritans exigua and Lucilia cuprina. Similarly, use of acaricides has led to resistance in one-host Boophilus ticks to all currently-used organophosphate-carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids and amidines. Resistance in multi-host ticks is less widespread. New chemicals are available for the control of resistant ectoparasites, but there are concerns over resistance and residues problems, which prompt the authors to discuss new pest management strategies. Environmental concerns are raised regarding the use of pesticides on livestock.
Bovine Colostrum Ameliorates Diarrhea in Infection with Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli, and E. coli Expressing Intimin and Hemolysin (1999)

Bovine colostrum is well tolerated and diminishes frequency of loose stools in children with E. coli-associated diarrhea. A prospective study should be conducted among a larger number of children with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli identified early in illness, to determine the effectiveness of colostrum therapy.