gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DSAF: Dynamic Slice Allocation Framework for 5G Core Network (2019)

Network slicing is a key to supporting different quality-of-service requirements for users and application in the 5G network. However, allocating network slices efficiently while providing a minimum guaranteed level of service in a mobile core is challenging. To address this question, in our previous work we proposed an optimization model to allocate slices. It provided a static and manual allocation of slices. In this paper, we extend our work to dynamically allocated slices. We propose a dynamic slice allocation framework for the 5G core network. The proposed framework provides user-interaction to request slices and any required services that need to run on a slice(s). It can accept a single or multiple allocation requests, and it dynamically allocates them. Additionally, the framework allocates slices in a balanced fashion across available resources. We compare our framework with the First Come First Serve and First Available allocation scheme.
Advances in Quenching (1992)

In this paper we shall survey the literature on the so called quenching problem since 1985, when the last survey on the subject appeared [18]. We shall also present some open problems which have arisen in consequence of the results of the recent literature.
Resilient state estimation against switching attacks on stochastic cyber-physical systems (2015)

In this paper, we address the resilient state estimation problem for some relatively unexplored security issues for cyber-physical systems, namely switching attacks and the presence of stochastic process and measurement noise signals, in addition to attacks on actuator and sensor signals. We model the systems under attack as hidden mode stochastic switched linear systems with unknown inputs and propose the use of the multiple model inference algorithm developed in [1] to tackle these issues. We also furnish the algorithm with the lacking asymptotic analysis. Moreover, we characterize fundamental limitations to resilient estimation (e.g., upper bound on the number of tolerable attacks) and discuss the issue of attack detection under this framework. Simulation examples of switching attacks on benchmark and power systems show the efficacy of our approach to recover unbiased state estimates.
Information, Returns, and Bidding Behavior in OCS Auctions: 1954-1969 (1986)

This paper examines federal auctions for leases on the Outer Continental Shelf in the light of the predictions of the first-price, sealed-bid, common-values model of auctions. The authors find that the data strongly support the model for auctions in which one bidder is better informed than the other bidders. The evidence for auctions in which bidders have noisy, but qualitatively similar, information is less conclusive but is consistent with a model in which each bidder does not know either the actual or potential number of bidders on a lease. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF METHYNOLIDE (1979)

Abstract (+)-Methynolide, the aglycon of a macrolide antibiotic, methymycin, was synthesized via its acetylenic analogue, 8,9-didehydromethynolide. The lactonization of the seco-acids was carried out by the newly developed mixed anhydride method using 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride.
Diagnostic Biomarkers for Stroke: A Stroke Neurologist’s Perspective (2005)

Since 2003, four articles on stroke biomarkers as potential diagnostic tests have been published in Clinical Chemistry (1)(2)(3)(4). Each has described an initial foray into attempting to find a holy grail in clinical stroke—a blood test for stroke—and each has provided early exciting results that suggest that we may yet welcome a new era of stroke diagnostics into the clinical realm.

Human stroke is remarkably heterogeneous. Stroke varies widely in severity with a majority of strokes being mild. Stroke comes in 3 major types. In North America and Europe, ischemic stroke comprises 85% of all strokes, intracerebral hemorrhage 8%, and subarachnoid hemorrhage 7%. These ratios differ in Asia with up to 30% of strokes occurring as intracerebral hemorrhages. For the neurologist, stroke is relatively easy to diagnose clinically. It is the most common cause of a sudden acute neurologic deficit in both adults and children. Imaging is the mainstay of identifying stroke type because it is not possible to distinguish ischemia from hemorrhage reliably on clinical grounds alone.

A brain computed tomographic scan rules in an intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage and in many cases …
Tagging tags (2010)

Social image sharing websites like Flickr have successfully motivated users around the world to annotate images with tags, which greatly facilitate search and organization of social image content. However, these manually-input tags are far from a comprehensive description of the image content, which limits effectiveness of the tags in content-based image search. In this paper, we propose an automatic scheme called tagging tags to supplement semantic image descriptions by associating a group of property tags with each existing tag. For example, an initial tag "tiger" will be further tagged with "white", "stripes" and "bottom-right" along three tag properties: color, texture and location, respectively. In the proposed scheme, a lazy learning approach is first applied to estimate the corresponding image regions of each initial tag, and then a set of property tags, which involve six exemplary property aspects including location, color, texture, shape, size and dominance, are derived for each tag according to the content of the regions and the entire image. These tag properties enable much more precise image search especially when certain tag properties are included in the query. The results of the empirical evaluation show that tag properties remarkably boost the performance of social image retrieval.
An optimized authentication protocol for mobile network reconsidered (2002)

In [6], an authenticated key transport protocol was proposed for establishing secure communications between a base station and a mobile unit. The protocol is public-key based and relies on certificates to validate public keys of communicating parties. A signature scheme was also proposed and used in the certification mechanism of the protocol. We find that the signature scheme is vulnerable to an attack which allows an adversary to generate a signature on any message at its will. In this paper, we describe the attack and explain how the entire system can be compromised by an intruder after eavesdropping only one single run of the protocol.
Possible correlation between increased vigour and chitinase activity expression in tobacco (1997)

Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants with several-fold increased chitinase enzyme activity levels were obtained through transformation with a Zea mays (maize) chitinase cDNA clone, Ch2, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. There was a linear correlation (r=0.74, P = 0.009) between the endochitinase activity and the weight of homozygous seedlings grown in the greenhouse in some experiments. Progeny seedlings of self-pollinated regenerants (heterozygous for Ch2) grown for 18 d in Petri plates could be separated into vigorous and non-vigorous categories based on size, which were predicted to be 2/7 or 1n and null, respectively, for Ch2. Testing showed that the visually estimated vigour of these progeny co-segregating for Ch2 and npfll generally correlated with resistance to kanamycin and chitinase activity. There was also a correlation between growth and chitinase activity in suspension cultures derived from transgenic and wild-type when measured after 20 d. Twelve-day-old wild-type and transformed seedlings grown in soil under culture room conditions in closed plastic containers were visibly taller and had higher seedling weights than their counterparts grown under mist in the greenhouse. Likewise, the chitinase activity in the cell wall-bound proteins of the faster growing seedlings was more than double that of the greenhouse-grown seedlings. While these studies do not always demonstrate the correlation between vigour and chitinase activity, overall, they do support the hypothesis that chitinases have a role in plant growth.
Positional Distribution of DHA and EPA in Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine from Different Tissues of Squids. (2001)

The distribution of docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3; DHA) and icosapentaenoic (20:5n-3; EPA) acids in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and/or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from different tissues of two species of squids, spear squid Loligo bleekeri and Pacific flying squid Todarodes pacificus, was studied. Mantles, fins, arms, and integuments of squid and liver of the former species contained small amounts of lipid (TL: 1.8-4.3% of wet weight) comprised almost entirely of PC (47.9-67.0%), sterols (14.2-32.7%), and PE (12.2-15.7%). Liver of the latter species contained copious amounts of TL (36.2%) with higher triacylglycerols (97.0%). In PC and PE from squid tissue, DHA (24.7-37.6% for PC and 7.4-25.0% for PE), EPA (6.3-18.4% and 18.9-38.8%, respectively) and palmitic acid (28.6-44.0% and 11.0-22.5%, respectively) were characteristically present. In squid tissue, except the liver, component fatty acids at sn-position 2 of PC and PE were polyunsaturated for the most part with the predominant component of DHA (71.3-78.7% for PC and 17.1-45.3% for PE) and EPA (10.9-14.4% and 37.2-58.0%, respectively). These acids at sn-position 1 of PC and PE were more saturated with palmitic (66.4-72.9% for PC and 15.9-41.6% for PE) and stearic (4.2-6.9% and 9.8-30.0%, respectively) acids. LysoPC, enriched with DHA (66.1%) and EPA (11.1%), was obtained from squid tissue PC (DHA: 36.4%, EPA: 6.7%) by Lipase M10 hydrolysis.
Direct Probing of Zwitterion Formation in Unsolvated Peptides (2003)

Molecular beam electric deflection measurements have been used to determine electric susceptibilities for small unsolvated alanine-based peptides. The electric susceptibility provides information about the charge distribution within the peptide and can be used to distinguish between zwitterionic and canonical forms. Measured electric susceptibilities for WAn peptides (n = 1-5) are similar to those for capped Ac-WAn-NH2 peptides (which cannot form zwitterions). Susceptibilities calculated using a simulated tempering-based approach are substantially larger for the zwitterionic form than for the canonical form. The measured susceptibilities are in good agreement with those calculated for the canonical form. For the larger peptides, the lowest potential energy structure found in the simulations is hairpin-like, while the lowest free energy structure found at room temperature is extended. The zwitterionic form is constrained by intramolecular interactions which make it entropically unfavorable.
In Vivo Photovoltaic Performance of a Silicon Nanowire Photodiode–Based Retinal Prosthesis (2018)

These results show that subretinal electrical stimulation with nanowire electrodes can elicit EEPs in the visual cortex, providing evidence for the viability of a subretinal nanowire prosthetic approach for vision restoration.
P2Y2 Nucleotide Receptors Enhance α-Secretase-dependent Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing (2005)

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is proteolytically processed by beta- and gamma-secretases to release amyloid beta, the main component in senile plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Alternatively, APP can be cleaved within the amyloid beta domain by alpha-secretase releasing the non-amyloidogenic product sAPP alpha, which has been shown to have neuroprotective properties. Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate alpha-secretase-dependent processing of APP; however, the role of G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors in APP processing has not been investigated. Here it is demonstrated that activation of the G protein-coupled P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) subtype expressed in human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells enhanced the release of sAPP alpha in a time- and dose-dependent manner. P2Y2 R-mediated sAPP alpha release was dependent on extracellular calcium but was not affected by 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,-trimethylammonium salt, an intracellular calcium chelator, indicating that P2Y2R-stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization was not involved. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203 or by PKC down-regulation with phorbol ester pre-treatment had no effect on UTP-stimulated sAPP alpha release, indicating a PKC-independent mechanism. U0126, an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, partially inhibited sAPPalpha release by UTP, whereas inhibitors of Src-dependent epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by P2Y2Rs had no effect. The metalloprotease inhibitors phenanthroline and TAPI-2 and the furin inhibitor decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone also diminished UTP-induced sAPP alpha release. Furthermore, small interfering RNA silencing of an endogenous adamalysin, ADAM10 or ADAM17/TACE, partially suppressed P2Y2R-activated sAPP alpha release, whereas treatment of cells with both ADAM10 and ADAM17/TACE small interfering RNAs completely abolished UTP-activated sAPP alpha release. These results may contribute to an understanding of the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP.
Changing epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Western Australia (1995)

The epidemiology of MRSA in WA is changing rapidly, with increases in both the numbers of notifications and the proportion from country regions. A new strain of MRSA (WA MRSA) that is less resistant to antibiotics than imported MRSA has emerged and is threatening the State's success in preventing establishment of MRSA in its hospitals.
Construction of Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes for AWGN and Binary Erasure Channels: A Finite Field Approach (2007)

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, finite fields were successfully used to construct linear block codes, especially cyclic codes, with large minimum distances for hard-decision algebraic decoding, such as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. This paper shows that finite fields can also be successfully used to construct algebraic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for iterative soft-decision decoding. Methods of construction are presented. LDPC codes constructed by these methods are quasi-cyclic (QC) and they perform very well over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), binary random, and burst erasure channels with iterative decoding in terms of bit-error probability, block-error probability, error-floor, and rate of decoding convergence, collectively. Particularly, they have low error floors. Since the codes are QC, they can be encoded using simple shift registers with linear complexity.
Properties of erythrocyte membrane binding and autolytic activation of calcium-activated neutral protease (1989)

The binding of a calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) with high calcium sensitivity (muCANP) to erythrocyte membranes and its subsequent autolytic activation on the membranes were analyzed by an immunoblot technique. In the presence of calcium ions, muCANP bound to the erythrocyte membranes as a heterodimer of 79- and 28-kDa subunits and was converted quickly on the membranes to an active form with a 76-kDa large subunit. The active form was then released from the membranes to the soluble fraction. These sequential reactions, however, were not specific to inside-out vesicles, but occurred also, except for some Ca2+-independent binding, on right side-out vesicles. A rapid degradation of some membrane proteins was observed after binding of muCANP to the membranes. The binding of muCANP to erythrocyte membranes was inhibited by substrates and the endogenous CANP inhibitor, which is also a suicide substrate. These results strongly suggest that muCANP binds to membranes by recognition of membrane proteins as substrates and not at a special site for activation. Thus, a possible mechanism for muCANP activation on membranes is that muCANP first binds to substrates on membranes, is activated, and then degrades the substrates to deform the membrane structures.
MTD132-a new subnanosecond multi-hit CMOS time-to-digital converter (1991)

A novel 8-channel, 16-hit, subnanosecond resolution, 16-bit dynamic range time-to-digital VLSI CMOS circuit is described. It can operate in either common start or common stop mode and records either leading, trailing, or both input edges. Double-pulse resolution is 15 ns. Readout is lessened. and input signal levels are ECL (emitter coupled logic) compatible while control and output levels are CMOS compatible. The measured performance of prototype devices is presented. A CAMAC and a FASTBUS TDC (time-to-digital converter) board using this chip are under development.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transatlantic Touch: A Study of Haptic Collaboration over Long Distance (2004)

The extent to which the addition of haptic communication between human users in a shared virtual environment (SVE) contributes to the shared experience of the users has not received much attention in the literature. In this paper we describe a demonstration of and an experimental study on haptic interaction between two users over a network of significant physical distance and a number of network hops. A number of techniques to mitigate instability of the haptic interactions induced by network latency are presented. An experiment to evaluate the use of haptics in a collaborative situation mediated by a networked virtual environment is examined. The experimental subjects were to cooperate in lifting a virtual box together under one of four conditions in a between-groups design. Questionnaires were used to report the ease with which they could perform the task and the subjective levels of presence and copresence experienced. This extends earlier work by the authors to consider the possibility of haptic collaboration under real network conditions with a number of improvements. Using the technology described in this paper, transatlantic touch was successfully demonstrated between the Touch Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA and Virtual Environments and Computer Graphics (VECG) lab at University College London (UCL), UK in 2002. It was also presented at the Internet II demonstration meeting in 2002 between University of Southern California and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Fluid Replacement During Exercise (1993)

Current evidence indicates that adequate fluid ingestion during exercise enhances athletic performance, prevents a fall in plasma volume, stroke volume, cardiac output and skin blood flow, maintains serum sodium concentrations and serum osmolality, lowers rectal temperature and the perception of effort, and prevents a progressive rise in heart rate. Rates of sweating and urine flow are not influenced by fluid ingestion. The evidence suggests that the maintenance of serum osmolality and serum sodium concentrations at pre-exercise levels is the important determinant of these beneficial effects of fluid ingestion on cardiovascular function and thermoregulation. The provision of glucose in the ingested solution may be necessary to optimize performance; glucose ingestion that enhances fluid and sodium absorption in the small bowel may also present a progressive rise in oxygen consumption during exercise. Sweetened carbohydrate-containing drinks may also increase fluid intake during exercise, thereby minimizing voluntary dehydration. Hence, the optimum solution for ingestion during exercise should provide carbohydrate, probably at rates of about 1 g/min and electrolytes in concentrations that, when drunk at the optimum rate, maintain serum osmolality and plasma volume at pre-exercise levels by replacing exactly that water and electrolyte losses from the extracellular space. At present, the composition of the fluid that will optimize electrolyte and fluid replacement of the extracellular space is not established. Neither are the optimum rates of fluid ingestion during exercise known. At low sweat rates (< 1 liter/hr), it is probable that all of the lost fluid can and should be replaced; rates of fluid ingestion needed to offset higher sweat rates may exceed the maximum intestinal absorptive capacity for water. Furthermore, high rates of fluid intake (> 1 liter/hr) are achieved with difficulty during exercise, especially when running, and are likely to lead to feelings of abdominal discomfort, possibly due to the accumulation of unabsorbed fluid in the small bowel or colon. Practicing to drink regularly during training might reduce the severity and frequency of these symptoms, possibly by increasing intestinal absorptive capacity. Most athletes are "reluctant" drinkers during exercise and do not ingest fluid at rates equal to their rates of fluid loss; hence, they develop progressive (voluntary) dehydration during prolonged exercise. Surprisingly, the level of voluntary dehydration that develops during exercise is relatively independent of the duration or intensity of the activity. The factors that explain these phenomena remain elusive. Fluid consumption during exercise is enhanced by the ingestion of cold, sweet fluids. Simultaneous food consumption also stimulates fluid ingestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of a genetic variant of human hepatitis A virus (1992)

Human isolates of hepatitis A (HAV) are a single serotype; however, recent genetic surveys using limited nucleotide sequencing have provided evidence that more than one genotype is responsible for HAV infection in different parts of the world (Jansen et al. [1990]: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2867-2871; Robertson et al. [1991] J Infect Dis 163:286-292). One of these genotypes was originally isolated from Panamanian owl monkeys (strain PA21), but has subsequently been found associated with human cases of HAV from Sweden in 1979 (H-122) and the United States of America in 1976 (GA76). The nucleic acid sequence of the exposed capsid polypeptide region of GA76 differs from other human HAV sequences by approximately 20%, yet differs by only 2.4% when compared with P1 sequence of the PA21 strain. The 20% nucleic acid variability between GA76 and other human HAV results in limited amino acid changes (3%), while a comparison with PA21 revealed only four homologous amino acid substitutions within VP2, VP3, and VP1 polypeptides. HAV infected stool specimens from Nepal and northern India during 1989 and 1990 were found to contain virus whose genetic makeup was related to the PA21 and GA76 isolates. This genotype of HAV appears to be circulating in some parts of the world where HAV is hyperendemic, and is a potential cause of hepatitis A infection within a susceptible population.