gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Behaviors of a Nonautonomous Discrete Predator‐Prey System Incorporating a Prey Refuge and Holling Type II Functional Response (2012)

A nonautonomous discrete predator‐prey system incorporating a prey refuge and Holling type II functional response is studied in this paper. A set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the persistence and global stability of the system are obtained, respectively. Our results show that if refuge is large enough then predator species will be driven to extinction due to the lack of enough food. Two examples together with their numerical simulations show the feasibility of the main results.
Specific assembly pathway of sarcoglycans is dependent on beta‐ and delta‐sarcoglycan (2004)

Mutations in sarcoglycans (SG) have been reported to cause autosomal-recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and dilated cardiomyopathy. In skeletal and cardiac muscle, sarcoglycans exist as a complex of four transmembrane proteins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-SG). In this study, the assembly of the sarcoglycan complex was examined in a heterologous expression system. Our results demonstrated that the assembly process occurs as a discrete stepwise process. We found that beta-SG appears to play an initiating role and its association with delta-SG is essential for the proper localization of the sarcoglycan complex to the cell membrane. The incorporation of alpha-SG into the sarcoglycan complex occurs at the final stage by interaction with gamma-SG. These findings were supported by chemical cross-linking of endogenous sarcoglycans in cultured myotubes. We have also provided evidence that glycosylation-defective mutations in beta-SG and a common mutation in gamma-SG (C283Y) disrupt sarcoglycan-complex formation. Our proposed model for the assembly and structure of sarcoglycans should generate important insight into their function in muscle as well as their role in muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies.
Guidelines for IRB Review of International Collaborative Medical Research: A Proposal (1999)

The increase in the scope of international collaborative medical research involving human subjects is raising the problem of whether and how to maintain Western ethical standards when research is conducted in countries with very different social and ethical values. Existing international ethical guidelines for research largely reflect Western concepts of human rights, focusing on the bioethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. However, in countries and societies where these values are understood differently or are not expressed in local cultures and institutions, it may be impossible or of no practical value to insert them into the research setting. In the United States, individual informed consent is considered ethically imperative for research involving human subjects. However, this imperative may be difficult to instill in societies that define persons by their relations to others, and important decisions are commonly made by heads of households or group leaders rather than by individuals. The baseline economic and health care conditions in foreign communities may also create ethical conflicts.
Magnitude of Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect in Tumors with Different Phenotypes: <sup>89</sup>Zr-Albumin as a Model System (2011)

These studies suggest that minimal differences in tumor uptake exist at early time points, dependent on the tumor type. However, these differences equalize over time, reaching around 5.0 percentage injected dose per gram at 20 h after injection. These data provide strong support for the introduction of mandatory experimental controls of future macromolecular or nanoparticle-based drugs, particularly regarding the development of targeted radiotracers.
Electrophysiology (1991)

Though tachyarrhythmias occur commonly in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, many patients remain asymptomatic. Recent studies suggest that routine electrophysiologic testing in these individuals is of limited value. However, electrophysiologic testing remains very helpful in the symptomatic patient for predicting arrhythmia recurrence and for determining accessory pathway location and function. Unfortunately, noninvasive tests to predict high-risk WPW patients has not been proven helpful because of their low specificity. A number of recent studies have shown that autonomic function can markedly improve accessory pathway function and even counteract the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. Given the frequent failure of antiarrhythmic therapy in the WPW syndrome, there has been increasing interest in nonpharmacologic therapies, including high-energy DC shock and radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways, which may prove to be more cost-effective than surgery.
Darstellung von Indol‐2‐carboxamiden und Estern von (Indol‐2‐ylcarbonylamino)carbonsäuren nach der Imidazolidmethode (1979)

Abstract Nach der Imidazolidmethode sind in einem Eintopfverfahren bei Raumtemperatur und wesentlich geringerem Arbeitsaufwand mit äquimolaren Mengen Aminosäureesterhydrochlorid Indol‐2‐carboxamidoester in guten Ausbeuten aus Indol‐2‐carbonsäuren erhältlich. Nach der gleichen Methode sind auch Indol‐2‐carboxamide leicht zugänglich.
Congo Red Populates Partially Unfolded States of an Amyloidogenic Protein to Enhance Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation (2003)

Congo red (CR) has been reported to inhibit or enhance amyloid fibril formation by several proteins. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) for these apparently paradoxical effects, we studied as a model amyloidogenic protein, a dimeric immunoglobulin light chain variable domain. With a range of molar ratios of CR, i.e. r = [CR]/[protein dimer], we investigated the aggregation kinetics, conformation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and thermal stability of the protein. In addition, we used isothermal titration calorimetry to characterize the thermodynamics of CR binding to the protein. During incubation at 37 degrees C or during thermal scanning, with CR at r = 0.3, 1.3, and 4.8, protein aggregation was greatly accelerated compared with that measured in the absence of the dye. In contrast, with CR at r = 8.8, protein unfolding was favored over aggregation. The aggregates formed with CR at r = 0 or 0.3 were typical amyloid fibrils, but mixtures of amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates were formed at r = 1.3 and 4.8. CR decreased the apparent thermal unfolding temperature of the protein. Furthermore, CR perturbed the tertiary structure of the protein without significantly altering its secondary structure. Consistent with this result, CR also increased the rate of hydrogen-deuterium exchange by the protein. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that CR binding to the protein was enthalpically driven, indicating that binding was mainly the result of electrostatic interactions. Overall, these results demonstrate that at low concentrations, CR binding to the protein favors a structurally perturbed, aggregation-competent species, resulting in acceleration of fibril formation. At high CR concentration, protein unfolding is favored over aggregation, and fibril formation is inhibited. Because low concentrations of CR can promote amyloid fibril formation, the therapeutic utility of this compound or its analogs to inhibit amyloidoses is questionable.
Conserved interaction between distinct\n Krüppel-associated box domains and the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 β (2001)

The Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, originally\n identified as a 75-aa sequence present in numerous Krüppel-type\n zinc-finger proteins, is a potent DNA-binding-dependent transcriptional\n repression domain that is believed to function through interaction with\n the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) β. On the basis of\n sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis, we have recently defined\n three distinct subfamilies of KRAB domains. In the present study,\n individual members of each subfamily were tested for transcriptional\n repression and interaction with TIF1β and two other closely related\n family members (TIF1α and TIF1γ). All KRAB variants were shown,\n (i) to repress transcription when targeted to DNA\n through fusion to a heterologous DNA-binding domain in mammalian cells,\n and (ii) to interact specifically with TIF1β, but not\n with TIF1α or TIF1γ. Taken together, these results implicate\n TIF1β as a common transcriptional corepressor for the three distinct\n subfamilies of KRAB zinc-finger proteins and suggest a high degree of\n conservation in the molecular mechanism underlying their\n transcriptional repression activity.
Metallic glass matrix composite with precipitated ductile reinforcement (2002)

We report a composite material consisting of precipitated micron-scale Ta-rich solid solution particles distributed in a bulk metallic glass matrix. The reinforcing ductile particles are precipitated during melting of the master alloy of glass-forming (Zr70Ni10Cu20)82Ta8Al10, by using previously prepared metastable Zr–Ta solid solution binary ingots. Upon cooling from the melt, the matrix undergoes a glass transition to produce an amorphous phase while the particles of precipitated Ta solid solution are distributed in the glass matrix. The resulting material not only shows high strength (∼2.1 GPa), but also has dramatically enhanced plastic strain to failure in uniaxial compression relative to single-phase bulk metallic glasses. The composite also displays limited tensile ductility.
A Method for Incorporating Nonlinear Tire Behavior Into Model Predictive Control for Vehicle Stability (2010)

Given the increase in computing power over the last decade, model predictive control has received renewed attention as a technique for accomplishing high-level vehicle control. However, tire nonlinearities present a challenge for rapidly solving the optimization problem required to do model predictive control. This paper presents an approach which extracts the tire nonlinearities outside the MPC optimization, leaving a convex problem that can be solved rapidly and with guaranteed optimality. Experimental results are presented from an MPC controller using this technique that demonstrate the controller’s ability to handle tire nonlinearities during highly dynamic manuevers that saturate the tires and induce lateral-longitudinal force coupling effects.
Overview of Prescription Opioid Deaths in the Oklahoma State Medicaid Population, 2012–2016 (2018)

Several comorbidities indicative of opioid use disorder and greater exposure to opioids and concomitant benzodiazepines were associated with unintentional prescription opioid overdose fatalities. Prescribers and state agencies should be aware of these addressable patient-level factors among the Medicaid population. Targeting these factors with appropriate policy interventions and education may prevent future deaths.
Shape representation and recognition through morphological curvature scale spaces (2006)

A multiscale, morphological method for the purpose of shape-based object recognition is presented. A connected operator similar to the morphological hat-transform is defined, and two scale-space representations are built, using the curvature function as the underlying one-dimensional signal. Each peak and valley of the curvature is extracted and described by its maximum and average heights and by its extent and represents an entry in the top or bottom hat-transform scale spaces. We demonstrate object recognition based on hat-transform scale spaces for three large data sets, a set of diatom contours, the set of silhouettes from the MPEG-7 database and the set of two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects from the COIL-20 database. Our approach outperforms other methods for which comparative results exist.
Neurons in the dorsal column white matter of the spinal cord: Complex neuropil in an unexpected location (1999)

It is common to think of gray matter as the site of integration in neural circuits and white matter as the wires that connect different groups of neurons. The dorsal column (DC) white matter, for example, is the spinal cord axonal pathway through which a topographic map of the body is conveyed to the somatosensory cortex. We now describe a network of neurons located along the midline of the DCs. The neurons are present in several mammals, including primates and birds, and have a profuse dendritic arbor that expresses both the neuron-specific marker, microtubule-associated protein-2, and the neurokinin-1 receptor, a target of the neuropeptide, substance P. Electron microscopy and double immunostaining for synaptophysin and a marker of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic terminals documented a rich synaptic input to these neurons. Finally, injection of a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist or of substance P into the cerebrospinal fluid of the rat spinal cord induced Fos expression and internalization of the neurokinin-1 receptor in these neurons, respectively, indicating that the DC neurons are under tonic inhibitory control and can respond to neurotransmitters that circulate in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Magnetic penetration depth measurements of superconducting thin films by a microstrip resonator technique (1991)

The microstrip resonator technique is a convenient way to sensitively measure the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth, λ(T), in superconducting thin films. Because the method relies on measuring the resonant frequency of a microwave transmission line resonator, one can very precisely measure small changes in λ(T). This technique can resolve changes in λ on the order of several angstroms, allowing a direct measurement of the low-temperature behavior of λ(T), which is a measure of the low-lying pair breaking excitations of the superconductor. Absolute penetration depth values can also be obtained from a self-consistent fit to the data to an assumed temperature dependence. Measurements of the penetration depth of Nb and NbCN film give results that are consistent with the predictions of BCS theory in which 2Δ/kTc is treated as an adjustable parameter, while YBa2Cu3O7−δ films give results that are not completely understood at this time. We also compare this technique with other methods of measuring the penetration depth of superconducting thin films, and discuss the systematic errors present in the measurement.
DNA—RNA hybridization (1975)

Abstract Interest in nucleic acid hybridization stems mainly from its great power as a tool in biological research. It is used in several quite distinct ways. Because of the high degree of specificity that they show, hybridization techniques can be used to measure the amount of one specific sequence within a very heterogeneous mixture of sequences. Measurements of 1/106-107 have been recorded. In extension of this, various properties of a specific sequence can often be studied. Secondly, because the kinetics of nucleic acid hybridization are quite well understood, it can be used to characterize both a pure sequence and a very complex mixture of sequences, like the genome of a vertebrate. Thirdly, again because of its specificity, it can be used to measure homologies between different populations of nucleic acids. Lastly, in conjunction with other techniques, it can be used as a basis for the fractionation of nucleic acid populations and the purification of specific sequences. Specific examples of these applications are given, with special reference to the organization of the genome in higher eukaryotes.
Etching Characteristics of Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> Using High-Density Helicon Plasma for the Nonvolatile Phase-Change Memory Applications (2005)

We investigated the etching behaviors of GST, which has been mainly employed for the realization of phase-change type nonvolatile memory devices, using high-density helicon plasma etching system under the various etching gas conditions. Our results provide the etch rates of GST thin films as a function of gas mixing ratio when the gas mixtures of Ar/Cl 2 and Ar/CHF 3 were applied. It was found that the etch selectivities of GST to SiO 2 and to TiN were optimized at Ar/Cl 2 = 90/10 and Ar/CHF 3 = 80/20, respectively. It was also confirmed that there is no significant change in composition of GST after the etching process. Using the obtained results, we can design the etching process in a systematic way for the fabrication of GST-loaded phase-change type memory devices.
Exploring the Usability of CAPTCHAS on Smartphones: Comparisons and Recommendations (2015)

Author(s): Gerardo Reynaga, Sonia Chiasson, Paul C. van Oorschot Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (captchas) are challenge-response tests used as a security mechanism on the web to distinguish human … Continued
Influence of the sputtering pressure on the properties of transparent conducting zirconium-doped zinc oxide films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering (2009)

Influence of the sputtering pressure on the properties of transparent conducting zirconium-doped zinc oxide films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, Liu Hanfa, Zhang Huafu, Lei Chengxin, Yuan Changkun
Disulfide Bond Formation in the Regulation of eIF-2 α Kinase by Heme (1989)

The inhibition of the autophosphorylation of the heme-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 alpha kinase (HRI) by hemin is very similar to that produced by thiol oxidation by diamide. The results obtained from the analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated HRI under reducing and nonreducing conditions indicate that hemin promotes disulfide formation in HRI. Hemin-promoted disulfide formation in HRI occurs under quasi-physiological conditions, i.e. 30 degrees C, 10 min at hemin concentrations of 5-10 microM. Under nondenaturing conditions, unphosphorylated HRI, phosphorylated HRI, hemin-treated unphosphorylated HRI, and hemin-treated prephosphorylated HRI are all eluted identically on Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography with an apparent molecular mass of 290,000 daltons. It appears, therefore, that the disulfide formation promoted by hemin occurs within the unit of 290,000 daltons. In addition, hemin treatment of phosphorylated HRI results in the appearance of a disulfide-linked form of higher molecular mass when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. A similar high molecular mass form is observed when HRI is treated with 1,6-bismaleimidohexane, a double sulfhydryl cross-linker agent, and the autophosphorylation of HRI and the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha by HRI are greatly diminished; these effects are similar to the effects of hemin on HRI. We conclude that disulfide formation by hemin provides a likely mechanism by which hemin prevents the activation and inhibits the activity of HRI.
IMPROVED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH AEROSOLIZED CYCLOSPORINE IN EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY TRANSPLANTATION1 (1992)

Rejection remains a major obstacle to long-term success of pulmonary transplantation. Direct delivery of cyclosporine to lung allografts may produce better control of rejection by generating high intragraft concentrations of drug with decreased systemic delivery and toxicity. The efficacy of inhaled cyclosporine in preventing allograft rejection was compared with systemic delivery by intramuscular injections in a rat model of lung transplantation (Brown-Norway to Lewis). Group 1 animals were given no immunosuppression. Group 2 received a single i.m. injection of 25 mg/kg CsA on the day of operation while group 3 received daily doses on postoperative days 0-3. Groups 4-7 received aerosolized CsA daily for seven days. The aerosol generator produced an airborne concentration of CsA of 180 mg/m3 with a mean particle size of 0.7 mu and estimated pulmonary depositions of CsA of 0.98-3.6 mg/kg/day. Animals were killed on POD 7, and the transplanted lungs graded histologically in a blinded fashion. All control animals showed destructive grade 4 changes by POD 7. Animals receiving high-dose aerosolized CsA (groups 6 and 7) showed minimal changes with a mean rejection grade of 1.3. A single i.m. dose of CsA (group 2) failed to prevent rejection; the mean grade was 2.2. Animals given four i.m. doses of CsA had a mean grade of 1.8. Aerosolized CsA provided significantly better control of rejection than did systemic CsA (groups 6 and 7 vs. groups 2 and 3; P less than 0.0002 and less than 0.0054, respectively). Local delivery of CsA by aerosol inhalation is effective in limiting acute rejection of the rat lung allograft.
The effects of sodium oxybate on clinical symptoms and sleep patterns in patients with fibromyalgia. (2003)

Sodium oxybate effectively reduced the symptoms of pain and fatigue in patients with FM, and dramatically reduced the sleep abnormalities (alpha intrusion and decreased slow-wave sleep) associated with the nonrestorative sleep characteristic of this disorder.
Mucin biosynthesis: purification and characterization of a mucin beta 6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (1991)

We have purified, to apparent homogeneity, a mucin beta 6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 6GlcNAc transferase) from bovine tracheal epithelium. Golgi membranes were isolated from a 0.25 M sucrose homogenate of epithelial scrapings by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The Golgi membranes were solubilized with 1% Triton X-100 in the presence of 1 mM Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha benzyl (Bzl) to stabilize the beta 6GlcNAc transferase. The solubilized enzyme was bound to a UDP-hexanolamine-Actigel-ALD Superflow affinity column equilibrated with 1 mM Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha Bzl and 5 mM Mn2+. Elution of the enzyme with 0.5 mM UDP-GlcNAc resulted in a 133,800-fold purification with a 1.3% yield and a specific activity of 70 mumol/min/mg protein. Radioiodination of the purified enzyme followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed a single band at 69,000 Da. Kinetic analyses of the beta 6GlcNAc transferase-catalyzed reaction showed an ordered sequential mechanism in which UDP-GlcNAc binds to the enzyme first and UDP is released last. The Km values for UDP-GlcNAc and Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha Bzl were 0.36 and 0.14 mM, respectively. Acceptor competition studies showed that the purified beta 6GlcNAc transferase can use core 1 and core 3 mucin oligosaccharides as well as GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta R as acceptor substrates. Proton NMR analyses of the three products demonstrated that GlcNAc was added in a beta 1-6 linkage to the penultimate GalNAc or Gal, suggesting that this enzyme is capable of synthesizing all beta 6GlcNAc structures found in mucin-type oligosaccharides.