gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooled EUV collector optics for LPP and DPP sources (2011)

For several years Sagem has invested in technologies and engineering to develop innovative solutions for collecting optics for LPP and DPP EUV sources. Among the technological challenges for collecting mirrors, thermal control plays a very important role in avoiding degradation of in band EUV reflectivity and maintaining far field optical performance during scanner operation. Sagem proposes solutions based on a metallic mirror with embedded cooling circuits to stabilize the temperature of the mirror during source operation. Results of simulation as well as first technology validations obtained on prototypes will be shown to demonstrate the performance of the cooled mirror design. Another critical performance about the collector is the HSFR (micro roughness) requirements of the optical surface for limiting scattering and optimizing the in band EUV reflectivity. Thanks to the specific polishing process, HSFR values of below 2 Angstroms have been achieved on demonstrator metallic mirrors with high departure aspheres. Reflectivity measurements performed after coating of these parts with MoSi multilayers confirm that the obtained polishing quality is compliant with polishing specifications for high performance EUV optics. Finally, upcoming developments at Sagem in the field of EUV collecting optics will be presented.
Handbook of Chemical Synonyms and Trade Names (2019)

To this Eighth Edition of the late Mr William Gardner‘s Chemical Synonyms and trade Names there have been added some 3,300 new entries, principally in the field of plastics, alloys and pharmaceuticals. A number of entries describing products known to the Editors to be no longer commercially available have been deleted, with the principal object of keeping the bulk of the book within reasonable bounds; but it has been possible to add nearly 400 names to the Index of Manufacturers to be found at the end of the book. The sum of these additions and deletions represents a net increase of about 10 per cent, in the scope of this Eighth Edition as compared with its predecessor published in 1971.
Laser welding of aluminium alloys and dissimilar metals (2004)

(2004). Laser welding of aluminium alloys and dissimilar metals. Welding International: Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 618-625.
Insect Juvenile Hormone: Activity of Selected Terpenoid Compounds (1970)

A nuimber of compounds with terpenoid skeletons attached to various functional groups were prepared and tested for their effects as a juvenile hormone in the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor. Several of these compounds showed high activity.
From albumin to the cytoplasm: the hepatic uptake of organic anions. (1990)

The subject of this chapter is the hepatic uptake of albumin-bound «organic anions», substances that are negatively charged at physiologic pH and tightly bound to albumin
Expression of type II nitric oxide synthase in primary human astrocytes and microglia: role of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (1996)

In this work, we studied the expression of type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia. Cytokine-activated human fetal astrocytes expressed a 4.5-kb type II NOS mRNA that was first evident at 8 h, steadily increased through 48 h, and persisted through 72 h. The inducing signals for astrocyte NOS II mRNA expression were in the order IL-1beta + IFN-gamma > IL-1beta + TNF-alpha > IL-1beta. SDS-PAGE analysis of cytokine-stimulated astrocyte cultures revealed an approximately 130-kDa single NOS II band that was expressed strongly at 48 and 72 h (72 h > 48 h). Specific NOS II immunoreactivity was detected in cytokine-treated astrocytes, both in the cytosol and in a discrete paranuclear region, which corresponded to Golgi-like membranes on immunoelectron microscopy. In human microglia, cytokines and LPS failed to induce NOS II expression, while the same stimuli readily induced TNF-alpha expression. In cytokine-treated human astrocytes, neither NOS II mRNA/protein expression nor nitrite production was inhibited by TGF-beta, IL-4, or IL-10. In contrast, IL-1 receptor antagonist exerted near complete inhibition of NOS II mRNA and nitrite induction. Monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 mRNA was induced in TGF-beta-treated astrocytes, demonstrating the presence of receptors for TGF-beta in astrocytes. These results confirm that in humans, cytokines stimulate astrocytes, but not microglia, to express NOS II belonging to the high output nitric oxide system similar to that found in rodent macrophages. They also show that the regulation of type II NOS expression in human glia differs significantly from that in rodent glia. A crucial role for the IL-1 pathway in the regulation of human astrocyte NOS II is shown, suggesting a potential role for IL-1 as a regulator of astrocyte activation in vivo.
Unified techniques for vector quantization and hidden Markov modeling using semi-continuous models (2003)

A semicontinuous hidden Markov model (HMM), which can be considered as a special form of continuous-mixture HMM with the continuous output probability density functions sharing in a mixture Gaussian density codebook, is proposed. The semicontinuous output probability density function is represented by a combination of the discrete output probabilities of the model and the continuous Gaussian density functions of a mixture Gaussian density codebook. The amount of training data required, as well as the computational complexity of the semicontinuous HMM, can be reduced in comparison to the continuous-mixture HMM. Parameters of the codebook and HMM can be mutually optimized to achieve an optimal model/codebook combination, which leads to a unified modeling approach to vector quantization and hidden Markov modeling of speech signals. Experimental results are included which show that the recognition accuracy of the semicontinuous HMM is measurably higher than those of both the discrete and the continuous HMM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A review on Speech and Speaker Authentication System using Voice Signal feature selection and extraction (2009)

This paper discusses a speech-and-speaker (SAS) identification system. The speech signal is recorded and then processed. The speech signal is treated graphically in order to extract the essential image features as a basic step in successful data mining applications in the biometric techniques. The object considered here is the human-voice signal. The identifying and classifying methods are performed with Burg's estimation model and the algorithm of Toeplitz matrix minimal eigenvalues is used as the main tools for signal-image description and feature extraction. The extracted feature-carrying image comprises the elements of Toeplitz matrices to consecutively compute their minimal eigenvalues and introduce a set of feature vectors within a class of voices. At the stage of classification, both conventional and neural-network-based methods are used. This helps in speech recognition and speaker authentication. Some examples on applications and comparisons are presented. The required computations were performed in Matlab proving speech-signal image recognition in a simple and easy-to-use way. any special hardware and can be used along with other biometric technologies in hybrid systems for multi-factor verification.
LMO3 Interacts with Neuronal Transcription Factor, HEN2, and Acts as an Oncogene in Neuroblastoma (2005)

LIM-only proteins (LMO), which consist of LMO1, LMO2, LMO3, and LMO4, are involved in cell fate determination and differentiation during embryonic development. Accumulating evidence suggests that LMO1 and LMO2 act as oncogenic proteins in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, whereas LMO4 has recently been implicated in the genesis of breast cancer. However, little is known about the role of LMO3 in either tumorigenesis or development. In the present study, we have identified LMO3 and HEN2, which encodes a neuronal basic helix-loop-helix protein, as genes whose expression levels were higher in unfavorable neuroblastomas compared with those of favorable tumors. Immunoprecipitation and immunostaining experiments showed that LMO3 was associated with HEN2 in mammalian cell nucleus. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells stably overexpressing LMO3 showed a marked increase in cell growth, a promotion of colony formation in soft agar medium, and a rapid tumor growth in nude mice compared with the control transfectants. More importantly, the increased expression of LMO3 and HEN2 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in 87 primary neuroblastomas. These results suggest that the deregulated expression of neuronal-specific LMO3 and HEN2 contributes to the genesis and progression of human neuroblastoma in a lineage-specific manner.
Atomic structure of defects and interfaces in TiO<sub>2</sub>-B and Ca:TiO<sub>2</sub>-B (CaTi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>11</sub>) films grown on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (2015)

An atomic-scale analysis of the interfacial structure and defects in CaTi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>11</sub>grown on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>and TiO<sub>2</sub>-B grown on CaTi<sub>5</sub>O<sub>11</sub>is presented.
Epigenetic Epidemiology of Common Complex Disease: Prospects for Prediction, Prevention, and Treatment (2010)

As part of the PLoS Epigenetics Collection, Caroline Relton and George Davey Smith discuss the potential of epigenetics for the treatment and prevention of common complex diseases, including cancer.
Chronic Administration of Satsuma Mandarin Fruit (Citrus unshiu MARC.) Improves Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Liver (2006)

Fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamins, and phenolic phytochemicals. Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants may reduce the risk for diabetes or its complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of the chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin fruit on an antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat liver. After a ten-week administration of Satsuma mandarin, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in the liver were evaluated. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione level in the STZ-induced diabetic rats liver decreased significantly compared with those in the age-matched normal rats. The glutathione-reductase (GR) activities did not differ significantly between these two groups. In contrast, the SOD, GR, and glutathione levels in the Satsuma mandarin (1% or 3%) diet-fed STZ-diabetic rat livers were significantly higher than those in the normal diet-fed STZ-diabetic rat livers. In addition, although the serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl-aminotransferase concentrations of normal diet-fed STZ-diabetic rats were significantly higher than those of the age-matched normal rats, these increments of serum liver enzymes were diminished by the chronic administration of Satsuma mandarin. These results suggest that Satsuma mandarin may act as a suppressor against liver cell damage and inhibit the progression of liver dysfunction induced by chronic hyperglycemia.
Antifertility Effects of an Intracervical Progestational Device (1972)

Chlormadinone acetate impregnated silastic devices placed in the cervix of rabbits interfered with fertilization, implantation and sperm transport. At a release rate of 13.7-22.8 µg/ kg/day the devices were 100% contraceptive, while at a dose between 2.4 and 7.0 µg/kg/day there was no interference with fertilization. At an intermediate dose (8.2-13.3 µg/kg/day) 47% of recovered ova were fertilized. There was no evidence of accelerated egg transport even with the highest release rates.
Regulation of tumor cell invasion by extracellular matrix. (1999)

The ability of malignant tumor cells to invade normal surrounding tissue contributes in large part to the significant morbidity and mortality of these cancers. The process of invasion involves adherence of the tumor cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM), degradation of matrix components, and movement of the cell body. Attachment-to ECM molecules is mediated by the integrin family of extracellular matrix receptors. Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric proteins which transduce a variety of signals from the ECM. Ligand occupancy is critical for activation of integrin signaling. This signaling may occur via several different pathways. One of the best characterized of these pathways is the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. This serial phosphorylation of substrate proteins terminates in activation of transcription factors which regulate expression of target genes. Many of these genes are critical for extracellular matrix degradation or cell migration. Among these are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a large family of ECM-degrading enzymes. Regulatory elements in the promoters of MMPs have been characterized, providing insight into how MMP expression is controlled. This review focuses on mechanisms by which the ECM regulates tumor cell invasion through integrin signaling via the MAPK pathway using MMP expression as the model.
Lanthanides in organic synthesis. Samarium metal promoted selective formation of azoxy compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanides in organic synthesis. Samarium metal promoted selective formation of azoxy compoundsZhaomin Hou, Yuzo Fujiwara, and Hiroshi TaniguchiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 13, 3118–3120Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00248a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00248a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diamond detectors in particle physics (2000)

Particle detectors made from artificial diamond have great promise for future experiments in particle physics because they are far less vulnerable to radiation damage than any other detector type. We review the history of diamond detectors and describe their current state of development. We also discuss the evidence which proves the resistance of these detectors to damage by various forms of incident radiation.
The Presentation and Management of Pituitary Tumours in the Elderly (1989)

Twenty-two patients presenting with pituitary tumours (16 non-functioning) after the age of 70 years were identified in a review of all patients assessed in Oxford hospitals between 1982 and 1986. They were matched with younger patients, to compare modes of presentation and treatment outcome. Younger patients presented more commonly than elderly with symptoms of deficiency of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone or gonadotrophin, although the prevalence of biochemical deficiency was similar in the two groups. Trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy was performed on 12 elderly patients with visual impairment. Of those with field loss, seven improved, one was unchanged and two deteriorated after surgery, though one of the last was improved by haematoma evacuation, and two cranial nerve palsies resolved. There were no other peri-operative complications in the elderly. Transsphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice for non-functioning tumours causing visual failure; it decompresses the adenoma with minimal morbidity and endocrine impairment, and is well tolerated by elderly patients.
A Perfect Correlation Between Mind and Brain: William James's Varieties and the Contemporary Field of Mind/Body Medicine (2003)

Two thousand and two marks the one-hundredth anniversary publication of William James's now-classic text, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902), and efforts are underway in the United States and Europe to celebrate both the intellectual significance and the spiritual meaning of James's ideas by philosophers, psychologists, religious scholars, and educated laymen and -women alike. One of the most important implications of James's work, in this regard, has to do with its effect on understanding the mind/body relationship, particularly where there is evidence that a text on the psychology of religion has had a documented influence on a newly emerging aspect of medical science. I refer specifically to the field of mind/body medicine, especially the investigations of Dr. Herbert Benson at the Harvard Medical School and the role his reading of Varieties played in understanding the physiology of meditation. The implications of this work for philosophy are potentially significant because they suggest the power that philosophical ideas have on the dramatic alteration of bodily processes, corroborating James's observation that, while they do not assure its occurrence, [End Page 40] intention and systematic practice can favorably alter the conditions for the onset of mystical awakening.
A Bank with a Divided Mandate (2020)

Abstract This chapter examines the two mandates of Norges Bank. In autumn of 1818, Norges Bank began providing ordinary services to the public, discounting bills and lending directly against real estate. The institution was now both the nation’s bank of issue and its sole bank. Expectations of what the bank was to achieve pulled in two diametrically opposed directions. On the one hand, the bank was to take control of the inflated monetary system and bring the value of money back to par, namely the silver value guarantee issued when the Storting established the bank in 1816. Based on both contemporary and modern wisdom, this would speak in favour of tightening the money supply. On the other hand, the bank was to meet the country’s considerable need for credit, which would speak in favour of adding liquidity. However, a desire to supply more credit to farmers, merchants, timber traders, and others competed with the long-term goal of returning money to par. Indeed, the reason why the road to par became so long and winding has to do with the desire to supply the nation with credit: both the money supply and credit volumes were expanded repeatedly to meet the country’s borrowing needs.
Phosphorylation- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Far1p in budding yeast (1997)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) play key roles in controlling the eukaryotic cell cycle by coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation. Understanding the roles of CKIs requires knowledge of how they are regulated both through the cell cycle and in response to extracellular signals. Here we show that the yeast CKI, Far1p, is controlled by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Wild-type Far1p was stable only in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Biochemical and genetic evidence indicate that its degradation required the components of the G1-S ubiquitination system, Cdc34p, Cdc4p, Cdc53p, and Skp1p. We isolated a mutant form of Far1p (Far1p-22) that was able to induce cell cycle arrest in the absence of alpha-factor. Cells that overexpress Far1-22p arrested in G1 as large unbudded cells with low Cdc28p-Clnp kinase activity. Wild-type Far1p, but not Far1-22p, was readily ubiquitinated in vitro in a CDC34- and CDC4-dependent manner. Far1-22p harbors a single amino acid change, from serine to proline at residue 87, which alters phosphorylation by Cdc28p-Cln2p in vitro. Our results show that Far1p is regulated by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and suggest that phosphorylation of Far1p by the Cdc28p-Clnp kinase is part of the recognition signal for ubiquitination.
Role of zinc and α2macroglobulin on thymic endocrine activity and on peripheral immune efficiency (natural killer activity and interleukin 2) in cervical carcinoma (1998)

Decreased natural killer (NK) activity as well as interleukin 2 (IL-2) are risk factors for the progression of cervical carcinoma. NK activity and IL-2 may be thymus controlled. Plasma levels of active thymulin, a zinc-dependent thymic hormone (ZnFTS), are reduced in cancer because of the low peripheral zinc bioavailability. Zinc and thymulin are relevant for normal immune functions. Alpha2-macroglobulin is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) against invasive tumour proliferation. Because alpha2-macroglobulin has a binding affinity (Kd) for zinc that is higher than does thymulin, it may play a key role in immune efficiency in cancer. Plasma samples of 22 patients (age range 35-60 years) with locally advanced squamous cervical carcinoma and with FIGO stage Ib2-IIb were examined. They showed reduced active thymulin, decreased NK activity and IL-2 production, increased soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and augmented alpha2-macroglobulin in the circulation, whereas plasma zinc levels were within the normal range for age. Significant positive correlations were found between zinc or active thymulin and alpha2-macroglobulin (r = 0.75, P < 0.01, r = 0.78, P < 0.01, respectively) in cancer patients. In vitro zinc increases IL-2 production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients. These data suggest that an increase in alpha2-macroglobulin, which competes with thymulin for zinc binding, may be involved in causing a thymulin deficit with a consequent decrease of IL-2 and NK cytotoxicity. Thus, physiological zinc treatment in cervical carcinoma maybe restores impaired central and peripheral immune efficiency.
Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy with Continuous Daily Oral Micronized Estradiol and Progesterone (1989)

The safety and efficacy of a daily combination of micronized estradiol (E2) (0.7-1.05 mg) and progesterone (200-300 mg) were evaluated in ten menopausal women with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and/or vaginal atrophy over a 12-month study interval. For comparison, five similar women were placed on conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg daily, and medroxyprogesterone acetate, 10 mg daily, for the first 10 days of each calendar month for 12 months. Patients were evaluated at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Estrogens rose significantly from baseline in both groups (P less than .01). Progesterone increased significantly above baseline in the E2 and progesterone group (P less than .01), but did not change in the conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate users. All women on E2 and progesterone had a decrease in total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline (P less than .01). Those on conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate had no significant change from baseline in total cholesterol; however, they did have an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values (P less than .01). In the E2 and progesterone group, the endometrial histology became completely quiescent and there was no uterine bleeding after 6 months of observation. Four of five women on conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate continued regular withdrawal bleeding throughout the study period, but no endometrial hyperplasia was encountered. This study demonstrates that the daily administration of a combination of micronized E2 and progesterone results in symptomatic improvement, minimal side effects, an improved lipid profile, and amenorrhea without endometrial proliferation or hyperplasia in menopausal women.