gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activities and Ecological Role of Adult Aquatic Insects in the Riparian Zone of Streams (1989)

Most adult aquatic insects that emerge from streams live briefly in the nearby riparian zone. Adult activities, such as mating, dispersal, and feeding, influ- ence their distribution in the terrestrial habitat. A study at Big Sulphur Creek, California, has shown that both numbers and biomass of adult aquatic insects are great- est in the near-stream vegetation; however, adults can be relatively common 150 meters or more from the stream. Because adult aquatic insects are abundant, they repre- sent a primary food resource for many riparian insecti- vores. The role of adult aquatic insects in the riparian zone must be better understood for riparian manage- ment plans to be complete. The adult stages of most stream insects inhabit the riparian zone (e.g., Anderson and Wallace 1984; Erman 1984). Although adults are generally short-lived (from one day to a week), they often exhibit physical character- istics and life history traits that facilitate their survival in the terrestrial environment and their reproductive success (e.g., Butler 1984; Jackson 1988). Such adap- tations suggest that the brief interaction between adult aquatic insects and the riparian zone has been, and pre- sumably continues to be, important to their survival. At the same time, aquatic insects can influence the distribu- tion and abundance of riparian insectivores because the adults of aquatic insects often represent an important food resource (Jackson and Fisher 1986). The purpose of this paper is to summarize some activities and roles of adult aquatic insects in riparian zones in California and other regions.
COVID-19 and Your Smartphone: BLE-Based Smart Contact Tracing (2021)

While contact tracing is of paramount importance in preventing the spreading of infectious diseases, manual contact tracing is inefficient and time consuming as those in close contact with infected individuals are informed hours, if not days, later. This article proposes a smart contact tracing (SCT) system utilizing the smartphone's Bluetooth low energy signals and machine learning classifiers to automatically detect those possible contacts to infectious individuals. SCT's contribution is two-fold: a) classification of the user's contact as high/low-risk using precise proximity sensing, and b) user anonymity using a privacy-preserving communication protocol. To protect the user's privacy, both broadcasted and observed signatures are stored in the user's smartphone locally and only disseminate the stored signatures through a secure database when a user is confirmed by public health authorities to be infected. Using received signal strength each smartphone estimates its distance from other user's phones and issues real-time alerts when social distancing rules are violated. Extensive experimentation utilizing real-life smartphone positions and a comparative evaluation of five machine learning classifiers indicate that a decision tree classifier outperforms other state-of-the-art classification methods with an accuracy of about 90% when two users carry their smartphone in a similar manner. Finally, to facilitate research in this area while contributing to the timely development, the dataset of six experiments with about 123 000 data points is made publicly available.
Galanin receptor subtypes as potential therapeutic targets (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywordscentral nervous systemgalaninGalRG-protein-coupled receptorsligandsneuropeptides
A distributed mapping system to support mobility in identifier/locator separation architecture (2009)

The future network will support global roaming seamless and service provider portability. An identifier locator (ID/Loc) separation solution can achieve such a goal. Nevertheless, this ID/Loc separation scheme implies the need of adding a mapping system to store and maintain the binding between locators and identifiers. And this approach may introduce large signaling of the location update and the call delivery into the mapping system. This paper proposed a scalable, robust and high-throughput mapping system. The proposed mapping system consists of a number of three-level tree subsystems, the top-level mapping servers of which constitute a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) ring. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed distributed mapping system in terms of supporting mobility, we propose a location management mechanism, establish an analytical model, and formulate the location update and the call delivery cost. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed mapping system can effectively reduce the burden of mapping systems as well as the signaling traffic and achieve greater scalability by supporting a high user density.
Coordinated effects of distal mutations on environmentally coupled tunneling in dihydrofolate reductase (2006)

One of the most intriguing questions in modern enzymology is whether enzyme dynamics evolved to enhance the catalyzed chemical transformation. In this study, dihydrofolate reductase, a small monomeric protein that catalyzes a single C-H-C transfer, is used as a model system to address this question. Experimental and computational studies have proposed a dynamic network that includes two residues remote from the active site (G121 and M42). The current study compares the nature of the H-transfer step of the WT enzyme, two single mutants, and their double mutant. The contribution of quantum mechanical tunneling and enzyme dynamics to the H-transfer step was examined by determining intrinsic kinetic isotope effects, their temperature dependence, and activation parameters. Different patterns of environmentally coupled tunneling were found for these four enzymes. The findings indicate that the naturally evolved WT dihydrofolate reductase requires no donor-acceptor distance fluctuations (no gating). Both single mutations affect the rearrangement of the system before tunneling, so some gating is required, but the overall nature of the environmentally coupled tunneling appears similar to that of the WT enzyme. The double mutation, on the other hand, seems to cause a major change in the nature of H transfer, leading to poor reorganization and substantial gating. These findings support the suggestion that these distal residues synergistically affect the H transfer at the active site of the enzyme. This observation is in accordance with the notion that these remote residues are part of a dynamic network that is coupled to the catalyzed chemistry.
Direct genetic demonstration of Gα13 coupling to the orphan G protein-coupled receptor G2A leading to RhoA-dependent actin rearrangement (2000)

G2A is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), expressed predominantly in T and B cells and homologous to a small group of GPCRs of unknown function expressed in lymphoid tissues. G2A is transcriptionally induced in response to diverse stimuli, and its ectopic expression suppresses transformation of B lymphoid precursors by BCR-ABL. G2A induces morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Microinjection of constructs encoding G2A into Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts induces actin reorganization into stress fibers that depends on RhoA, but not CDC42 or RAC. G2A elicits RhoA-dependent transcriptional activation of serum response factor. Direct evaluation of RhoA activity demonstrates elevated levels of RhoA-GTP in G2A-expressing cells. Microinjection of embryonic fibroblasts derived from various G alpha knockout mice establishes a requirement for G alpha 13 but not G alpha 12 or G alpha q/11 in G2A-induced actin rearrangement. In conclusion, G2A represents a family of GPCRs expressed in lymphocytes that may link diverse stimuli to cytoskeletal reorganization and transcriptional activation through a pathway involving G alpha 13 and RhoA.
Building Multilingual Search Index using open source framework (2012)

This paper presents a comparison of open source search engine development frameworks in the context of their malleability for constructing multilingual search index. The comparison study reveals that none of these frameworks are designed for this task. This paper elicits the challenges involved in building a multilingual index. We also discuss policy decisions and the implementation changes made to an open source framework for building such an index. As a main contribution of this work, we propose an architecture that can be used for building multilingual index. It also lists some of the open research challenges involved.
Small cell transformation of ROS1 fusion-positive lung cancer resistant to ROS1 inhibition (2020)

Histologic transformation from non-small cell to small cell lung cancer has been reported as a resistance mechanism to targeted therapy in <i>EGFR</i>-mutant and <i>ALK</i> fusion-positive lung cancers. Whether small cell transformation occurs in other oncogene-driven lung cancers remains unknown. Here we analyzed the genomic landscape of two pre-mortem and 11 post-mortem metastatic tumors collected from an advanced, <i>ROS1</i> fusion-positive lung cancer patient, who had received sequential ROS1 inhibitors. Evidence of small cell transformation was observed in all metastatic sites at autopsy, with inactivation of <i>RB1</i> and <i>TP53</i>, and loss of <i>ROS1</i> fusion expression. Whole-exome sequencing revealed minimal mutational and copy number heterogeneity, suggestive of "hard" clonal sweep. Patient-derived models generated from autopsy retained features consistent with small cell lung cancer and demonstrated resistance to ROS1 inhibitors. This case supports small cell transformation as a recurring resistance mechanism, and underscores the importance of elucidating its biology to expand therapeutic opportunities.
Attack on A New Public Key Cryptosystem from ISC'02 (LNCS 2433). (2002)

In ISC 2002, J. Zheng [8] proposed a new public key cryptosystem whose security is based upon the algebraic problem of reducing a high degree matrix to its canonical form by similarity transformations. In this paper, we show that factoring a polynomial over a finite field can be used to break down Zheng’s public key cryptosystem. The complexity of our attack is polynomial time. In other word, the underlying problem of Zheng’s public key cryptosystem is not a “hard” problem.
DeepLINK: Deep learning inference using knockoffs with applications to genomics (2021)

We propose a deep learning-based knockoffs inference framework, DeepLINK, that guarantees the false discovery rate (FDR) control in high-dimensional settings. DeepLINK is applicable to a broad class of covariate distributions described by the possibly nonlinear latent factor models. It consists of two major parts: an autoencoder network for the knockoff variable construction and a multilayer perceptron network for feature selection with the FDR control. The empirical performance of DeepLINK is investigated through extensive simulation studies, where it is shown to achieve FDR control in feature selection with both high selection power and high prediction accuracy. We also apply DeepLINK to three real data applications to demonstrate its practical utility.
Time series similarity measures (tutorial PM-2) (2000)

A time series is a sequence of real numbers, representing the measurements of a real variable at equal time intervals -Stock price movements -V o l u m e o f sales over time -Daily temperature readings
Polymer reactors and molecular weight distribution. VII. Further development of gel permeation chromatography (1968)

Abstract The results of an investigation into molecular weight and resolution calibration of a gel permeation chromatograph are reported. Effects of sample amounts and solvent flow rate were observed. Severe skewing and tailing of the standard chromatograms were observed at 2.0 ml/min flow rate, relative to 1.0 and 3.0 ml/min. Resolution calibration by flow reversal was inadequate when skewing and tailing or sample impurity effects were significant. Differential molecular weight distributions (MWD) of broad‐distribution polystyrenes were compared for four methods of resolution correction. Inconsistent oscillations were observed in the MWD's at low resolutions and higher molecular weights. None of the methods was completely adequate in accounting for skewing and tailing.
[Drug therapy of female urinary incontinence]. (1995)

Urinary incontinence is a frequently encountered and highly disabilitating disorder in women, especially after menopause. Several causes, sometimes associated, have been identified. After menopause, lower oestrogen levels lead to general cellular, biochemical, bacteriological and anatomic modifications in the urinary tract resulting in vaginal atrophy, diminished sphincter tone and increased bladder sensitivity. Treatment should always be based on results of urodynamic studies and adapted to the aetiologic diagnosis and patient demands. Medical treatment is usually associated with behavioural and physical therapy techniques. Drugs with an effect on bladder instability include: parasympathicolytic or anticholinergic agents which lower bladder pressure by inhibiting bladder receptors; tricyclic antidepressant for their central and peripheral anticholinergic effects; non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents which decrease urethral tone; antispasmodics; and oestrogens in menopaused women. Beta-mimetics, calcium inhibitors, opioids and myorelaxants are also used but in a limited number of cases due to side effects. Urethral instability may respond to tetracycline in case of infection or non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs. Oestrogens play an important role in improving urethral trophicity and sensitive response to alpha-stimulants. Surgery may be indicated in a limited number of specific cases.
The effect of supplements of formaldehyde-treated casein on the partitioning of nutrients between cow and calf in lactating <i>Bos indicus</i> × <i>Bos taurus</i> heifers fed a roughage diet (1988)

The effect of a supplement of formaldehyde-treated casein on partition of nutrients and productivity of Bos indicus x Bos taurus (50% x 50%) first-calf heifers was studied. Sixteen pregnant heifers were fed a long-chopped roughage diet (13 g N/kg organic matter) ad lib. for approximately 3 weeks before calving and for 16 weeks after calving. Half the animals were supplemented with formaldehyde-treated casein (300 g per day). There were also 8 non-pregnant, non-lactating controls, half of which were supplemented with formaldehyde-treated casein. Supplementation had no significant effect on intake, irrespective of the physiological state of the heifers. There was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) positive multiple regression between peak intake during lactation and the weight change of both heifer and calf in the first 8 weeks of lactation. Milk yield was not significantly affected by supplementation for the first 8 weeks. In the second half of lactation supplemented heifers produced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) less milk, but not less milk solids, than unsupplemented heifers. During the latter half of lactation there was a highly significant (P &lt; 0.001) positive relationship between milk yield and lactose secretion. The mean (¦ s.e.m.) length of the period of anoestrus after calving was 17 ¦ 2.5 and 12 ¦ 1.7 weeks for unsupplemented and supplemented heifers respectively. The length of the period of anoestrus was positively related to milk production (P &lt; 0.01) and peak intake during lactation (P &lt; 0.05). Supplemented lactating heifers had significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher plasma insulin concentrations and significantly (P &lt; 0.01) lower plasma growth hormone concentrations than unsupplemented lactating heifers. In supplemented heifers in the second 8 weeks of lactation plasma insulin concentration was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) negatively correlated with milk yield and yield of milk constituents. Supplementation with formaldehyde-treated casein did not increase roughage intake but did affect the partition of nutrients via a positive insulin and negative growth hormone response. Nutrients were preferentially diverted into maternal body growth rather than milk synthesis in the second half of lactation.
Dominant speaker identification for multipoint videoconferencing (2012)

A multi-point conference is an efficient and cost effective substitute for a face to face meeting. It involves three or more participants placed in separate locations, where each participant employs a single microphone and camera. The routing and processing of the audiovisual information is very demanding on the network. This raises a need for reducing the amount of information that flows through the system. One solution is to identify the dominant speaker and partially discard information originating from non-active participants. We propose a novel method for dominant speaker identification using speech activity information from time intervals of different lengths. In comparison to other speaker selection methods, experimental results demonstrate reduction in the number of false speaker switches and improved robustness to transient audio interferences.
Application of Lactoferrin and<i>α</i>1-Antitrypsin in Gingival Retention Fluid to Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease (2018)

The data can promote an application of the measurements of lactoferrin and <i>α</i>1-antitrypsin in GRF to clinical practice on periodontal disease.
Acoustic grating fringe projector for high-speed and high-precision three-dimensional shape measurements (2007)

A new acoustic grating fringe projector (AGFP) was developed for high-speed and high-precision 3D measurement. A new acoustic grating fringe projection theory is also proposed to describe the optical system. The AGFP instrument can adjust the spatial phase and period of fringes with unprecedented speed and accuracy. Using rf power proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and CCD synchronous control, we obtain fringes with fine sinusoidal characteristics and realize high-speed acquisition of image data. Using the device, we obtained a precise phase map for a 3D profile. In addition, the AGFP can work in running fringe mode, which could be applied in other measurement fields.
High-Content Analysis of Sequential Events during the Early Phase of Influenza A Virus Infection (2013)

Influenza A virus (IAV) represents a worldwide threat to public health by causing severe morbidity and mortality every year. Due to high mutation rate, new strains of IAV emerge frequently. These IAVs are often drug-resistant and require vaccine reformulation. A promising approach to circumvent this problem is to target host cell determinants crucial for IAV infection, but dispensable for the cell. Several RNAi-based screens have identified about one thousand cellular factors that promote IAV infection. However, systematic analyses to determine their specific functions are lacking. To address this issue, we developed quantitative, imaging-based assays to dissect seven consecutive steps in the early phases of IAV infection in tissue culture cells. The entry steps for which we developed the assays were: virus binding to the cell membrane, endocytosis, exposure to low pH in endocytic vacuoles, acid-activated fusion of viral envelope with the vacuolar membrane, nucleocapsid uncoating in the cytosol, nuclear import of viral ribonucleoproteins, and expression of the viral nucleoprotein. We adapted the assays to automated microscopy and optimized them for high-content screening. To quantify the image data, we performed both single and multi-parametric analyses, in combination with machine learning. By time-course experiments, we determined the optimal time points for each assay. Our quality control experiments showed that the assays were sufficiently robust for high-content analysis. The methods we describe in this study provide a powerful high-throughput platform to understand the host cell processes, which can eventually lead to the discovery of novel anti-pathogen strategies.
Chloride and sodium ion concentrations in saliva and sweat as a method to diagnose cystic fibrosis (2018)

Saliva chloride concentration and saliva sodium concentration are candidates to be used in cystic fibrosis diagnosis, mainly in cases where it is difficult to achieve the correct sweat amount, and/or CFTR mutation screening is difficult, and/or reference methods for sweat test are unavailable to implement or are not easily accessible by the general population.
Internet & World Wide Web Visually (1997)

From the Publisher:
Everyone talks about how visual the Internet and World Wide Web are, so what better way to learn about them than visually? That's just what you can do with Teach Yourself the Internet and World Wide Web VISUALLY. Full of the inimitable illustrations and concise, practical information that have made maranGraphics books the favorite way to explore new technology for millions of readers, Teach Yourself the Internet and World Wide Web VISUALLY clarifies all the high-tech, online stuff that everyone's been so excited about. Turn here to discover everything from what the Internet is and how to get connected to it to what's special about the World Wide Web portion of the Internet and what e-mail, mailing lists, newsgroups, chats, and other things have to offer for you.
Ideal observer model for detection of blood perfusion and flow using ultrasound (2003)

Abstract. An ideal observer model is developed for the task of detecting blood perfusing or flowing through tissue. The ideal observer theory relies on a linear systems model that describes tissue and blood object functions and electronic noise as random processes. When aliasing is minimal, the system is characterized by a quantity similar to Noise-Equivalent Quanta used in photon imaging modalities. A simple 1-D model is used to illustrate the effect of the system and object parameters on task performance. Velocity and decorrelation are seen to be advantageous for detection. Aliasing can degrade performance. The ideal observer model provides a framework for assessing the performance of Power Doppler ultrasound systems, and may aid in their design. 1
A New High-Performance Reagent and Procedure for Latent Bloodstain Detection Based on Luminol Chemiluminescence (2006)

A new occult blood revealing agent was designed such that DNA material would be preserved and a DNA profile could be obtained. Indeed, there were uncertainties about previous chemicals that might alter blood DNA content and have adverse effects on DNA typing. BlueStar® is a chemiluminescent bloodstain detecting agent resulting from our research. It combines ease-of-use with minimum health risks and does not have any harmful effects on DNA profile determination.
Statistical Reproducibility of the Dynamic and Static Fatigue Experiments. (1980)

The number of test samples used to characterize the fatigue constants needed for failure predictions for ceramic materials determines the confidence in these predictions. The statistical reproducibility of the dynamic and static fatigue experiments used to measure the fatigue constants was analyzed using both statistical theory and a Monte Carlo computer simulation technique. It was found that the statistical reproducibility depended not only on the number of test samples but also on the other experimental test variables. It was shown that the uncertainty in the statistical reproducibility can be large especially for sample size less than about 100. Guidelines for selecting the optimum sample size for a given dynamic or static fatigue experiment are given. It is recommended that before meaningful conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of a test variable on fatigue, the statistical reproducibility of the experiment be determined. (Author)
Electrochemical conversion of functionalised aryl chlorides and bromides to arylzinc species (1992)

Electroreduction of aromatic chlorides or bromides in a cell fitted with a sacrificial zinc anode, in the presence of a nickel, 2,2′-bipyridine complex affords the corresponding organozinc species in good yield.