gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS IRON REMOVAL IN SOILS (1972)

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Amino Acid Transport and Metabolism in Mycobacteria: Cloning, Interruption, and Characterization of an <scp>l</scp> -Arginine/γ-Aminobutyric Acid Permease in <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG (2000)

Genes encoding L-arginine biosynthetic and transport proteins have been shown in a number of pathogenic organisms to be important for metabolism within the host. In this study we describe the cloning of a gene (Rv0522) encoding an amino acid transporter from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and the effects of its deletion on L-arginine transport and metabolism. The Rv0522 gene of BCG was cloned from a cosmid library by using primers homologous to the rocE gene of Bacillus subtilis, a putative arginine transporter. A deletion mutant strain was constructed by homologous recombination with the Rv0522 gene interrupted by a selectable marker. The mutant strain was complemented with the wild-type gene in single copy. Transport analysis of these strains was conducted using (14)C-labeled substrates. Greatly reduced uptake of L-arginine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but not of lysine, ornithine, proline, or alanine was observed in the mutant strain compared to the wild type, grown in Middlebrook 7H9 medium. However, when the strains were starved for 24 h or incubated in a minimal salts medium containing 20 mM arginine (in which even the parent strain does not grow), L-[(14)C]arginine uptake by the mutant but not the wild-type strain increased strongly. Exogenous L-arginine but not GABA, lysine, ornithine, or alanine was shown to be toxic at concentrations of 20 mM and above to wild-type cells growing in optimal carbon and nitrogen sources such as glycerol and ammonium. L-Arginine supplied in the form of dipeptides showed no toxicity at concentrations as high as 30 mM. Finally, the permease mutant strain showed no defect in survival in unactivated cultured murine macrophages compared with wild-type BCG.
The role of sensory cues in the rehabilitation of parkinsonian patients: A comparison of two physical therapy protocols (2000)

We devised a single-blind study to assess the role of providing external sensory cues in the rehabilitation of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty stable, nondemented patients with PD entered a 6-week rehabilitation program and were randomly assigned to two balanced protocols which were differentiated by the use of external sensory cues ("non-cued" vs "cued"). Patients were evaluated by a neurologist, who was blind to group membership, with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) at baseline, end of treatment, and after 6 weeks. Patient groups were comparable for age, disease duration, and severity. A significant reduction of UPDRS scores (activities of daily living and motor sections) was present after the rehabilitation phase in both groups. However, at follow up, while this clinical improvement had largely faded in the "non-cued" group, mean UPDRS scores of the "cued" group were still significantly lower than baseline values. The incorporation of external sensory cues in the rehabilitation protocol can extend the short-term benefit of physical therapy in moderately disabled patients with PD, possibly as a result of the learning of new motor strategies. "Cued" physical therapy for PD should be targeted to compensate for the defective physiological mechanisms.
Myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2C expression in human brain development (1994)

Myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2C (MEF2C) activates transcription by binding to the myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2 (MEF2) regulatory element and has been shown previously to be expressed in muscle and in the brain. We have now studied MEF2C expression in human brain using an antiserum raised against amino acids 140-238 of MEF2C. Western blotting demonstrated that, in fetal brain, MEF2C-immunoreactive bands have the same apparent molecular weight as those in extracts of COS cells transfected with MEF2C complementary DNA. In adult brain, however, MEF2C-immunoreactive bands have a higher molecular weight. In the cerebral cortex, MEF2C immunoreactivity is present in the cortical plate, and is not found in the intermediate zone or ventricular zone. At 14 weeks of gestation, the earliest age examined, MEF2C immunoreactivity is present in cell nuclei throughout the cortical plate. Subsequently, MEF2C immunoreactivity develops a bilaminate and then a trilaminate distribution, and ultimately is expressed preferentially in layers II, IV and VI of mature neocortex. MEF2C immunoreactivity is also found in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, claustrum, cerebellum and amygdala, and in scattered cells in the thalamus. These findings suggest a role for MEF2C in postmitotic neuronal differentiation, in particular, in the development of certain cortical layers, but also in differentiation of other neurons as well.
Novel insertion mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1985)

The mutation e1662 is an allele of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-54 gene induced with the difunctional alkylating agent 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane. unc-54 encodes the major myosin heavy chain isozyme of body wall muscle cells. Filter-transfer hybridization and DNA sequence analysis show that e1662 is an insertion of 288 base pairs of DNA within unc-54. The inserted DNA is identical to a 288-base pair region of unc-54 located ca. 600 base pairs from the insertion site. Thus, e1662 is a displaced duplication. A 14-base pair sequence located at one end of the duplicated segment is found adjacent to the site of insertion. These homologous sequences are juxtaposed head-to-tail by the insertion event. e1662 thus contains a tandem direct repeat extending across one of its junctions.
Gate Oxide Wear-Out and Breakdown Effects on the Performance of Analog and Digital Circuits (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> To investigate the impact of gate oxide degradation and breakdown (BD) on complimentary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuit functionality, an accurate description of the electrical characteristics of the stressed devices, which can be included in circuit simulators, is needed. In this paper, a description of the stressed device performance that considers, on the one hand, the variation of the channel current and, on the other, the increase in the gate current due to the oxide degradation and BD is presented, which is able to account for different levels of oxide damage. The parameters extracted from device experimental data have been introduced in a circuit simulator to evaluate the effect of the oxide degradation and BD on simple analog (current mirror) and digital [reset set (RS) latches] circuits. The impact of the increase in the gate leakage current and the variation of the conduction along the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor channel due to the oxide degradation on the circuit performances has been separately analyzed. </para>
Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 signaling antagonist in controlling mouse lung development (2011)

Lung morphogenesis is a well orchestrated, tightly regulated process through several molecular pathways, including TGF-β/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Alteration of these signaling pathways leads to lung malformation. We investigated the role of Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), a secreted follistatin-module-containing glycoprotein, in lung development. Deletion of Fstl1 in mice led to postnatal lethality as a result of respiratory failure. Analysis of the mutant phenotype showed that Fstl1 is essential for tracheal cartilage formation and alveolar maturation. Deletion of the Fstl1 gene resulted in malformed tracheal rings manifested as discontinued rings and reduced ring number. Fstl1-deficient mice displayed septal hypercellularity and end-expiratory atelectasis, which were associated with impaired differentiation of distal alveolar epithelial cells and insufficient production of mature surfactant proteins. Mechanistically, Fstl1 interacted directly with BMP4, negatively regulated BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling, and inhibited BMP4-induced surfactant gene expression. Reducing BMP signaling activity by Noggin rescued pulmonary atelectasis of Fstl1-deficient mice. Therefore, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence to demonstrate that Fstl1 modulates lung development and alveolar maturation, in part, through BMP4 signaling.
THE HIGH SPEED TRAIN (1977)

The vice chairman of the British Railways Board discusses the High Speed Train and BR's strategy for its intercity passenger services. The train is a combination of lightweight traction and the most comfortable coaches to be developed. The roles of service, scheduling and the next generation--the Advanced Passenger Train--are all discussed.
A prototype of an optical sensor for the identification of diesel oil adulterated by kerosene (2018)

Liquid fuel adulteration has several far-reaching impacts such as environmental pollution. A widespread practice is typically the adulteration of diesel oil by kerosene. The relatively cheap price of kerosene is probably the most important reason for its usage in illegal adulteration. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a prototype optical sensor for efficient tracking of adulterated diesel oil. In this study, a prototype of an optical sensor for screening of fake diesel oil is proposed. The device exploits the phenomenon of laser light reflection from a fuel film over a roughened glass plate. The sensing mechanism of the devise is based on the refractive index mismatch between the glass and the fuel sample, and the wetting property of the fuel film over the roughened surface. For the sake of comparison, the refractive index for each of the fuel samples was measured at room temperature with the aid of an automatic temperature controlled Abbe table refractometer. The sensitivity of this prototype optical sensor was tested using training sets of diesel oil samples adulterated with low concentrations of kerosene. Originally, a commercial handheld glossmeter, with a new innovation of a removable sensor head for liquid inspection is presented as a prototype sensor for the screening of possible adulteration of diesel oils with kerosene. The significant difference in the signal readings obtained from carefully prepared training sets of adulterated diesel oil composed of low percentages (5–15%) of kerosene has proven the high sensitivity of the developed sensor. The ability to detect low concentrations of kerosene in diesel using the newly developed hand-held prototype sensor proves its high sensitivity compared to a high-accuracy Abbe refractometer. We envisage that this proposed sensor could, in the future, be made accessible to the authorities as a mobile fake fuel measurement unit.
The Oxford dictionary of sports science & medicine (2006)

The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine provides comprehensive and authoritative definitions of nearly 8000 sports science and sports medicine terms. All major areas are covered, including exercise psychology, sports nutrition, biomechanics, anatomy, sports sociology, training principles and techniques and sports injury and rehabilitation The dictionary will be an invaluable aid to students, coaches, athletes and anyone wanting instant access to the scientific principles, anatomical structures, and physiological, sociological and psychological processes that affect sporting performance. It will also be of interest to the general reader interested in sports science and medicine terminology.
The vitamin D pathway: a new target for control of the skin’s immune response? (2008)

The surface of our skin is constantly challenged by a wide variety of microbial pathogens, still cutaneous infections are relatively rare. Within cutaneous innate immunity the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a primary system for protection against infection. Many AMPs can be found on the skin, and these include molecules that were discovered for their antimicrobial properties, and other peptides and proteins first known for activity as chemokines, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and neuropeptides. Cathelicidins were among the first families of AMPs discovered on the skin. They are now known to have two distinct functions; they have direct antimicrobial activity and will initiate a host cellular response resulting in cytokine release, inflammation and angiogenesis. Dysfunction of cathelicidin is relevant in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous diseases including atopic dermatitis where cathelicidin induction is suppressed, rosacea, where cathelicidin peptides are abnormally processed to forms that induce cutaneous inflammation and a vascular response, and psoriasis, where a cathelicidin peptide can convert self-DNA to a potent stimulus of an autoinflammatory cascade. Recent work has unexpectedly identified vitamin D3 as a major factor involved in the regulation of cathelicidin expression. Therapies targeting the vitamin D3 pathway and thereby cathelicidin may provide new treatment modalities in the management of infectious and inflammatory skin diseases.
Material discrimination and imaging improvement using high count rate X-ray spectrometric detector for non-destructive testing and security applications (2016)

High flux X-ray imaging detectors with spectroscopy capabilities are of particular interest for security and non-destructive testing applications. Multix S.A. has developed a linear array spectrometric detector, known as the ME100, able to provide a fully resolved energy spectrum over 128 energy bins, in real time and under high photon flux. Primary in this paper we present the ME100 detector performances compared to the simulations. Then we present results obtained with the ME100 detector showing the benefits of using multi-energy X-rays through two examples: 3 materials decomposition to recover the linear attenuation and highly precise fat in meat quantification for non-destructive testing (NDT).
A RISC-V vector processor with tightly-integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converters in 28nm FDSOI (2015)

This work demonstrates a RISC-V vector microprocessor implemented in 28nm FDSOI with fully-integrated non-interleaved switched-capacitor DCDC (SC-DCDC) converters and adaptive clocking that generates four on-chip voltages between 0.5V and 1V using only 1.0V core and 1.8V IO voltage inputs. The design pushes the capabilities of dynamic voltage scaling by enabling fast transitions (20ns), simple packaging (no off-chip passives), low area overhead (16%), high conversion efficiency (80-86%), and high energy efficiency (26.2 DP GFLOPS/W) for mobile devices.
A new PWM/PFM control technique for improving efficiency over wide load range (2008)

this paper proposed a novel controlling technique of pulse width modulation (PWM) mode and pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode to keep the high efficiency within width range of loading. The novel control method is using PWM and PFM detector to achieve two modes switching appropriately. The controlling technique can make the efficiency of current mode DC-DC buck converter up to 88% at light loading and this paper is implemented by TSMC 0.35μm CMOS process.
Evolving GSM data services (2002)

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) already includes basic data services, but growing demand for higher bit rates and efficient bandwidth utilization has motivated a plan to introduce several new data services. These new high speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) and general packet radio service (GPRS) are described. An architectural vision has been created which introduces distributed packet data switching separated from the mobile switching center as a generation 2.5 network on the road to the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
Developmental and tissue-regulated expression of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNAs in Sparus aurata (1996)

Recent studies have shown that homologues of the mammalian IGF-I and -II genes are also found in teleosts. We report here the cDNAs coding for IGF-I and IGF-II cloned from the gilthead seabream, Sparus aura ta. Sequence comparisons revealed that both IGFs have been well conserved among teleosts, although Sparus IGF-I is shorter bv three amino acid residues due to truncated B-and C-domains. Using the cloned cDNAs as probes, the relative expression of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNAs were assayed in different Sparus tissues. Sparus liver clearly contained the highest level of IGF-I mRNA while relatively high levels of IGF-II mRNA were found in liver, heart and gill using the ribonuclease protection assay. After GH administration the amount of IGF-I mRNA was increased by 220% in liver but no changes in IGF-II mRNA levels were detected in any tissue. We also assayed the expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in Sparus during early development. The IGF-II mRNA level was highest in larva I day after hatching and decreased thereafter. In contrast, IGF-I mRNA was detected in 1-day-old larva but there was an increase in expression in 12- and 16-day-old larva. These results demonstrated that the expression of IGF-I and IGF-II is highly regulated in teleosts and suggest that they play distinct roles during growth and development.
A fragment-based retransmission scheme with QoS considerations for wireless networks (2007)

In order to satisfy QoS requirements for real-time multimedia applications over wireless networks, IEEE 802.11e has been proposed to enhance wireless-access functionalities. However, as system load is heavy, collisions occur most often and then the time needed for successfully transmitting data is lengthened seriously due to contention, handshaking, and long backoff processes for collision avoidance. It is important to keep QoS requirements satisfied. Therefore, we propose a fragment-based retransmission (FBR) scheme with QoS considerations for IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN). By utilizing IEEE 802.11e with FBR, the retransmission delay will be improved to conform strict time requirements for real-time multimedia applications. The capability of the proposed scheme is evaluated by a series of experiments, for which we have encouraging results.
Preface to Breast Cancer (2010)

Advances in breast imaging over the last two decades have led to a dramatic improvement in the quality of care offered to patients with breast disease.
Biosensors and biofuel cells with engineered proteins (2010)

Proteins have been synergistically combined with electrochemistry to develop biosensors and biofuel cells. The focus of this review is to discuss the role of enzymes and highlight how protein engineering and immobilization can enhance device performance.
Optimized carrier-based pulse width modulation technique with double switching frequencies for three-phase inverters (2015)

Power demand is increase where this growth mandate the use of power electronics technology. However, power electronics devices inject harmonics into the power grid where it degrades the power quality. Besides, the switching associated with the power electronics devices increase the losses in the transmitted power. This paper presents an optimization of a novel carrier-based power width modulation technique for voltage source inverter to reduce the THD and increase the fundamental component of inverter output. The carrier has a shape of double-frequency inverse sinusoidal pulse width modulation. The modulation of the inverter modulate with low frequency when the reference sinusoidal wave is at the peak because the information rate change is low. The implementation of the conventional SPWM does not utilize the inverter DC input where the proposed PWM method improve this utilization by increase the ON state of the inverter switching devices. The proposed method was verified by simulation using PSCAD/EMTDC. It was compared with commonly used modulation techniques such as SPWM. The switching frequencies then optimized to operate at lower THD and switching and higher THD.
8-pole superconducting quasi-elliptic function filter for mobile communications application (2002)

This paper presents recent developments of an 8-pole planar high temperature superconductor bandpass filter with a quasi-elliptic function response. A novel planar filter configuration that allows a pair of transmission zeros to be placed at the band edges is described. The miniature filter has a bandwidth of 15 MHz at a centre frequency of 1777.5 MHz it is designed for mobile communication base station applications. The filter is fabricated using double sided YBCO thin film on an MgO substrate of size 0.3/spl times/22.5/spl times/39 mm. The preliminary results are presented.
Control memory word width optimization using multiple-valued circuits (1981)

The optimization of read-only memory (ROM) digit dimension for microprogrammed digital computers is considered. The design of integrated injection logic (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L) multiple valued ROMs is reviewed and designs for corresponding digit-line decoders are presented. Results are presented for determining microoperation groupings that achieve the lower bound digit dimension for multivalued encodings, thus extending to arbitrary radix the theory for the binary case. To illustrate the applicability of these results, the microprogram specifications for previously published optimization examples, as well as that for the Digital Equipment Corporation EDP-9, are shown to have optimal encodings using either three- or four-valued ROMs and either ternary- or quaternary-to-binary decoders, resulting in dramatic savings in device count for the control memory portion of the corresponding machine.
A 3T1R Nonvolatile TCAM Using MLC ReRAM for Frequent-Off Instant-On Filters in IoT and Big-Data Processing (2017)

Existing nonvolatile ternary content-addressable-memory (nvTCAM) suffers from limited word-length (WDL), large write-energy (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</sub> ) and search-energy (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> ), and large cell area (A). This paper develops a 3T1R nvTCAM cell using a single multiple-level cell (MLC)-resistive RAM (ReRAM) device to achieve long WDL, lower E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W</sub> and E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> , and reduced cell area. Two peripheral control schemes were developed, dual-replica-row selftimed and invalid-entry power consumption suppression (IEPCS), for the suppression of dc current in 3T1R nvTCAM cells in order to reduce E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> . Two versions of the IEPCS scheme were developed (basic and charge-recycle-controlled) to alter the tradeoff between area overhead and power consumption in the updating of invalid-bits. A 128 b × 64 b 3T1R nvTCAM macro was fabricated using back-end-of-line ReRAM under 90-nm CMOS process. The fabricated MLC-based 3T1R nvTCAM macro achieved sub-1-ns search-delay and sub-6-ns wake-up time with supply voltage of 1 V and WDL = 64 b.