gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pt‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Disilazanes (2016)

In nearly every total synthesis, silylating agents are employed in synthetic steps to protect sensitive functional groups. A Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of various unsaturated substrates to prepare novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical disilazanes is described. The developed synthetic methodology is widely applicable and tolerates all manner of functional groups (e.g., amines, ethers, esters, halogens, silanes, etc.). To demonstrate the value of the described method, mono-substituted 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazanes were further selectively converted to completely new unsymmetrical derivatives.
Dealing with future nuclear dangers (1997)

The odds are increasing that some regional power or terrorist group will use nuclear weapons in the next decade. This scenario is one of several types of crises in which attacks with a few nuclear weapons will not inevitably lead to massive nuclear responses. Unfortunately, U.S. strategy does not recognize the growing plausibility of these crises and does not provide for dealing with the potentially disastrous political and military consequences of a next nuclear use. America cannot continue to assume that the post‐World War II tradition of nonuse will continue indefinitely. National security strategy, military planning and programming, and intelligence activities should take prudent steps now to reduce the dangers associated with a next nuclear use and to prepare for those that cannot be prevented.
A βIV-spectrin/CaMKII signaling complex is essential for membrane excitability in mice (2010)

Ion channel function is fundamental to the existence of life. In metazoans, the coordinate activities of voltage-gated Na(+) channels underlie cellular excitability and control neuronal communication, cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, and skeletal muscle function. However, despite decades of research and linkage of Na(+) channel dysfunction with arrhythmia, epilepsy, and myotonia, little progress has been made toward understanding the fundamental processes that regulate this family of proteins. Here, we have identified β(IV)-spectrin as a multifunctional regulatory platform for Na(+) channels in mice. We found that β(IV)-spectrin targeted critical structural and regulatory proteins to excitable membranes in the heart and brain. Animal models harboring mutant β(IV)-spectrin alleles displayed aberrant cellular excitability and whole animal physiology. Moreover, we identified a regulatory mechanism for Na(+) channels, via direct phosphorylation by β(IV)-spectrin-targeted calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Collectively, our data define an unexpected but indispensable molecular platform that determines membrane excitability in the mouse heart and brain.
A framework for investigating radio resource management algorithms in TD-SCDMA systems (2005)

TDD-CDMA, globally recognized as the basis for Chinese 3G, is designed for symmetrical and asymmetrical 3G mobile services. As a time-division duplexing system, TD-SCDMA works in unpaired frequency allocations, supporting the flexible allocation of uplink/downlink slots in one carrier, and adapting to the different system loads between uplink and downlink. Dynamic time slot allocations make it more spectrally efficient than paired uplink/downlink carriers. Consequently, TD-SCDMA can make full use of the radio spectrum through optimal adaptive radio resource allocation. In order to support peak rates of 5 Mb/s or higher, the TD-SCDMA standard is enhanced via high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) mode. In this article the properties and strategies of radio resource management (RRM) are introduced, and the differences in admission control, power control, handover, load control, dynamic channel allocation, and adaptive HSDPA techniques between TDD-CDMA and the conventional FDD-CDMA system are analyzed. Some advanced strategies and architectures for TDD-CDMA RRM algorithms are presented. Since uplink multi-user detection (MUD) and smart antenna (SA) techniques are adopted in TD-SCDMA, the RRM algorithms based on MUD and SA are investigated further. In addition, these advanced RRM algorithms are characterized by an OPNET-based dynamical system-level simulator.
Relationship of the “Septal Syndrome” to Genetic Differences in Emotionality in the Rat (1959)

A problem of recent interest is that of the role of the septal region of the brain in emotional behavior. Working with rats, Brady and Nauta ( 1 ) and King ( 5 ) made lesions in the septal region and rated emotional behavior before and after surgery. Septa1 lesions, they found, increased strikingly the display of emotionality. The present experiment confirms these general findings. Its principal purpose, however, was to determine whether the heightened emotionality that follows septal lesions is a function of preoperative strain differences in emotionality. That such strain differences in affective behavior exist has long been recognized (see 3 ) , and a recent report by Broadhurst ( 2 ) carefully analyzes certain of these differences among five strains of rats. Casual observations before the experiment had suggested that rats of the hooded Lashley strain were normally more tense, excitable, fearful, and aggressive than albino rats of the Wistar strain, and this observation was borne out in the experimental tests. The two types of animals have provided two normal, but distinct, levels of emotionality, one high and the other low, upon which the effects of identical lesions have been studied. Comparisons were made by means of a six-component rating scale of emotional display.
Lengua y emigración: España y el español en las migraciones internacionales (2010)

El proposito de este trabajo es investigar el papel que la lengua tiene en los procesos de decision de los emigrantes y en los resultados de su experiencia migratoria, tomando como referencia el caso espanol. Para ello se recurre a bases de datos y a enfoques muy poco explorados hasta el momento. Los resultados confirman que la comunidad de lengua incide en la seleccion del mercado de destino del emigrante, incorpora un premio en su retribucion laboral y facilita los procesos de integracion social en el mercado espanol.
The approximation of symmetric X-ray peaks by Pearson type VII distributions (1977)

Some symmetric X-ray diffraction peaks can be approximated in shape by Pearson type VII distributions: y(x) = y_0[1 + (x - \bar x)^{2}/ma^2]^{-m}.This distribution is Cauchy for m = 1, modified Lorentzian for m = 2, and Gaussian for m = ∞. Some properties of the distribution and some illustrative applications are presented.
Accounting for social return on investment: the costs and benefits of family-centred care by the Ronald McDonald Foundation (2018)

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) often require tools that assess the outcomes of their activities. This article aims to assess the effectiveness of Social Return on Investment (SROI) as a measure of the social impact produced by NPOs that support family-centered care, an approach that focuses on the pivotal role of families in paediatric health care. We offer an analytical evaluation of the SROI created by the Italian branch of the Ronald McDonald House Charity. We highlight a) the participatory analysis of stakeholders and outcomes; b) the measurement of inputs; c) the definition of outputs and proxies for the measurement of outcomes; d) the calculation of the SROI ratio; and e) the sensitivity analysis. Our research can provide guidance to SROI analysts, while also drawing attention to the most suitable proxies and indicators for evaluating the SROI of NPOs operating in the health care field. This study also discusses the advantages and shortcomings of SROI analyses, the practical implications of our research for governance and management, and the role of engagement in managing the expectations of stakeholders. Furthermore, we assess and discuss the potentiality of SROI measurements for strategic and management purposes, with particular reference to the governance of relations with stakeholders.
Reconstruction of uptake patterns in <scp>PET</scp>: The influence of regularizing prior (2017)

The assessed regularizing priors improve PET uptake pattern reconstruction accuracy. Therefore, they should be considered both for oncological lesion detection and uptake spatial distribution assessment. Pitfalls and open challenges are also discussed.
Facile covalent functionalization of graphene oxide using microwaves: bottom-up development of functional graphitic materials (2010)

Graphene oxide (GO) exfoliated sheets were used as two dimensional platforms to covalently tether on their surface thousands of optically active quaterthiophene molecules (T4), using an innovative microwave-assisted silanization reaction. This method allowed to perform GO functionalization in one-step, under mild conditions in a few tens of minutes rather than days. The hybrid GOT4 could be processed in either H2O or apolar organic solvents and deposited as single sheets, microplatelets or macroscopic membranes. Absorption/emission spectroscopy reveals that GOT4 combines limited T4-T4 interactions with strong T4-GO ones. These findings, combined with the ‘user-friendly’ engineering approach presented here, pave the way towards the bottom-up fabrication of new GO-based tailored materials for electronics, sensors and biological applications.
Identification of Genes Encoding Exported <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Proteins Using a Tn <i>552′phoA</i> In Vitro Transposition System (2000)

ABSTRACT Secreted and cell envelope-associated proteins are important to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and the generation of protective immunity to M. tuberculosis . We used an in vitro Tn 552′phoA transposition system to identify exported proteins of M. tuberculosis . The system is simple and efficient, and the transposon inserts randomly into target DNA. M. tuberculosis genomic libraries were targeted with Tn 552′phoA transposons, and these libraries were screened in M. smegmatis for active PhoA translational fusions. Thirty-two different M. tuberculosis open reading frames were identified; eight contain standard signal peptides, six contain lipoprotein signal peptides, and seventeen contain one or more transmembrane domains. Four of these proteins had not yet been assigned as exported proteins in the M. tuberculosis databases. This collection of exported proteins includes factors that are known to participate in the immune response of M. tuberculosis and proteins with homologies, suggesting a role in pathogenesis. Nine of the proteins appear to be unique to mycobacteria and represent promising candidates for factors that participate in protective immunity and virulence. This technology of creating comprehensive fusion libraries should be applicable to other organisms.
The comprehensive examination (1966)

An examination is an expression of policy. For better or worse, whether it is a course examination or a comprehensive, whether it is extramural or intramural, it exemplifies the philosophy of those who give it. It sets standards and establishes orientation, and therefore becomes a guide to the true expectations of the examining body, quite apart from its examining function, that is, it becomes a guide to learning as well as a test of learning. It is these two functions that demand either reconciliation or clear-cut separation. I have often explained this dichotomy to anxious students by the story of the man who entered a restaurant and ordered and ate, in sequence, two complete meals, the first of high calories and low cost, and the second a superbly expensive meal of more modest calories. When questioned about this performance, he stated that the first meal was for his tapeworm, the
Application of Cellulose Nanofiber as Environment-Friendly Polymer for Oil Development (2015)

Abstract Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a biodegradable material. It can be obtained from natural cellulose through simple process; TEMPO oxidation. Its suspension in water shows high viscosity by the entanglement of fibers each other, owing to its high aspect ratio and the balance of electrical repulsion and hydrogen bond between fibers. In addition, it can regain its viscosity after shearing, which seems to be efficient polymer for E&P industry. In this study, we conducted the next core flooding experiments; polymer flooding and profile modification, and evaluated the applicability of CNF as environment-friendly polymer for EOR process. For the polymer flooding, Berea sandstone core of 145 mm in length and 1 inch in diameter was first prepared to be the residual oil saturated condition by the enough volume of water flooding with the API brine. After that, the 0.1 wt% CNF suspension was injected. As a result, additional oil was recovered, but the differential pressure between inlet and outlet of the core reached 5 MPa when 0.9 PV of the CNF suspension was injected. For the profile modification, we introduced high permeability column of 16 mm in diameter along the center of the sandstone core axis by packing and sintering glass beads. First, the core was saturated by the oil and the primary water flooding with the API brine from upstream was carried out until no more oil was recovered. Second, pure water for pre-flash, the 0.4 wt% CNF suspension and cross-linker solution of AlCl3 were injected successively from downstream for gel blocking inside high permeability zone. After the gel treatment, the secondary water flooding was carried out, and it improved oil recovery from 13.3 % to 24.3 %. We could confirm the ability of CNF suspension to control mobility owing to its viscosity, and to make bypass in low permeability zone by blocking up easy channel when cross-linked with aluminum ion. However, we got the results that the CNF suspension shows poor injectivity because filtration occurs in the sandstone core during injection.
New Ultrasound-Based Wearable System for Cardiac Monitoring (2006)

This work deals with the realization of an innovative wearable system for detecting current cardiac status. Signals acquired necessary to detect this status are the breathing signal, the heart apex pulse and the heart mechanical behavior. This system is based on a bi-modal sensor (an ultrasound transducer constituted by PVDF polymer) able to switch its sensitivity frequency range from low to high. The transducer, which has a low Q factor in order to exhibit a large broad bandwidth, is placed inside a textile belt. The wearable system is able to detect cardiac sounds from which the heart beat and the respiratory signal can be extracted, to generate ultrasound signals which can bounce off the heart, and to receive the back-propagated echoes. Innovative electronic tactics are implemented for maximizing sensor sensitivity at low frequency, saving power consumption and, at the same time, providing the right amount of energy for ultrasound investigation. The system is completely portable and wearable, powered by a rechargeable battery.
Ultra-high-field magnetic resonance: Why and when? (2010)

This paper briefly summarizes the development of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in medicine. Aspects of magnetic resonancephysics and -technology relevant at ultra-high magnetic fields as well as current limitations are highlighted. Based on the first promising studies, potential clinical applications at 7 Tesla are suggested. Other aims are to stimulate awareness of the potential of ultra-high field magnetic resonance and to stimulate active participation in much needed basic or clinical research at 7 Tesla or higher.
Cosine-Weighted B-Spline Interpolation: A Fast and High-Quality Reconstruction Scheme for the Body-Centered Cubic Lattice (2013)

In this paper, Cosine-Weighted B-spline (CWB) filters are proposed for interpolation on the optimal Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) lattice. We demonstrate that our CWB filters can well exploit the fast trilinear texture-fetching capability of modern GPUs, and outperform the state-of-the-art box-spline filters not just in terms of efficiency, but in terms of visual quality and numerical accuracy as well. Furthermore, we rigorously show that the CWB filters are better tailored to the BCC lattice than the previously proposed quasi-interpolating BCC B-spline filters, because they form a Riesz basis; exactly reproduce the original signal at the lattice points; but still provide the same approximation order.
The Endocannabinoid System in Ageing: A New Target for Drug Development (2006)

Endocannabinoids are a new class of lipids, which include amides, esters and ethers of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are the main endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors able to mimic several pharmacological effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle of Cannabis sativa preparations like hashish and marijuana. AEA is released "on demand" from membrane lipids, and its activity at the receptors is limited by cellular uptake followed by intracellular hydrolysis. Together with AEA and congeners, the proteins which bind, synthesize, transport and hydrolyze AEA form the "endocannabinoid system". Endogenous cannabinoids are present in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues, suggesting a physiological role as broad spectrum modulators. This review summarizes the main features of the endocannabinoid system, and the latest advances on its involvement in ageing of central and peripheral cells. In addition, the therapeutic potential of recently developed drugs able to modulate the endocannabinoid tone for the treatment of ageing and age-related human pathologies will be reviewed.
[Expression of human aspartyl beta-hydroxylase and preparation of its monoclonal antibody]. (2011)

We investigated the mechanism of human aspartyl beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) in early diagnosis of tumors. The encoding gene of HAAH was cloned from the hepatic carcinoma by RT-PCR and expressed as a fused protein in the prokaryotic vector pBV-IL1. The expressed HAAH was purified by Ni(2+)-NTA purification column and the purified protein was then used to immunize Balb/c mice. Three hybridoma cell lines (respectively designated H3/E10, E4/F12 and G4/D8) stably expressing the monoclonal antibody specific to HAAH fusion protein were obtained. The specificity and sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody were assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Finally, the monoclonal antibody expressed by H3/E10 cell line was used to detect the expression of HAAH in several tumor cell lines by indirect immuno-fluorescence, and the specific fluorescence was observed. In conclusion, this study successfully constructed the recombinant prokaryotic vector pBV-IL1-HAAH and prepared HAAH-specific monoclonal antibody for further study of the structure and function of the protein. The result may also lay solid foundation for the research of the molecular mechanism of HAAH in early diagnosis of tumors.
The small gtp-binding protein rab6p is distributed from medial golgi to the <i>Trans</i>-golgi network as determined by a confocal microscopic approach (1992)

A key role in the regulation of membrane traffic is played by the rab proteins, members of a family of ras-related small GTP-binding proteins. This family comprises at least 25 identified members, the intracellular localization of only a few of which has been investigated. rab6p has been shown to be distributed along the exocytic pathway in association with the medial and trans regions of the Golgi apparatus. A confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) approach coupled with image analysis was used to compare the localization of rab6p with selected reference Golgi markers by double immunofluorescence on culture cell lines. CLSM analysis shows that, under a set of well-defined conditions, one can investigate the possible colocalization of known markers of Golgi compartments and orientate a couple of labeled Golgi antigens with regard to the polarity of the Golgi apparatus. Thus, having validated the CLSM analysis, the localization of rab6p was studied and compared with some of these markers and the VSV-G protein in VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus)-infected cells blocked at 20 degrees C. rab6p is shown to be associated in all the cell lines used with the last cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and particularly with the trans-Golgi network (TGN), the site of protein sorting at the exit of the Golgi apparatus. These results were supported by an electron microscopic study using double-immunolabeled cryosections: rab6p was found in some flat cisternae of the Golgi stack and colocalized with the VSV-G protein in the TGN. Our results show that the small GTP-binding protein rab6p is distributed from medial Golgi to TGN along the exocytic pathway.
Brain covariance selection: better individual functional connectivity models using population prior (2010)

Spontaneous brain activity, as observed in functional neuroimaging, has been shown to display reproducible structure that expresses brain architecture and carries markers of brain pathologies. An important view of modern neuroscience is that such large-scale structure of coherent activity reflects modularity properties of brain connectivity graphs. However, to date, there has been no demonstration that the limited and noisy data available in spontaneous activity observations could be used to learn full-brain probabilistic models that generalize to new data. Learning such models entails two main challenges: i) modeling full brain connectivity is a difficult estimation problem that faces the curse of dimensionality and ii) variability between subjects, coupled with the variability of functional signals between experimental runs, makes the use of multiple datasets challenging. We describe subject-level brain functional connectivity structure as a multivariate Gaussian process and introduce a new strategy to estimate it from group data, by imposing a common structure on the graphical model in the population. We show that individual models learned from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data using this population prior generalize better to unseen data than models based on alternative regularization schemes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross-validated model of spontaneous brain activity. Finally, we use the estimated graphical model to explore the large-scale characteristics of functional architecture and show for the first time that known cognitive networks appear as the integrated communities of functional connectivity graph.
Misorientation Mapping for Visualization of Plastic Deformation via Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (2006)

The ability to map plastic deformation around high strain gradient microstructural features is central in studying phenomena such as fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. A method for the visualization of plastic deformation in electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) data has been developed and is described in this article. This technique is based on mapping the intragrain misorientation in polycrystalline metals. The algorithm maps the scalar misorientation between a local minimum misorientation reference pixel and every other pixel within an individual grain. A map around the corner of a Vickers indentation in 304 stainless steel was used as a test case. Several algorithms for EBSD mapping were then applied to the deformation distributions around air fatigue and stress corrosion cracks in 304 stainless steel. Using this technique, clear visualization of a deformation zone around high strain gradient microstructural features (crack tips, indentations, etc.) is possible with standard EBSD data.