gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of mitochondrial topoisomerase I ( <i>TOP1mt</i> ) impairs liver regeneration (2015)

The liver has an exceptional replicative capacity following partial hepatectomy or chemical injuries. Cellular proliferation requires increased production of energy and essential metabolites, which critically depend on the mitochondria. To determine whether Top1mt, the vertebrate mitochondrial topoisomerase, is involved in this process, we studied liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. TOP1mt knockout (KO) mice showed a marked reduction in regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation. The hepatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) failed to increase during recovery from CCl4 exposure. Reduced glutathione was also depleted, indicating increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Steady-state levels of ATP, O2 consumption, mtDNA, and mitochondrial mass were also reduced in primary hepatocytes from CCl4-treated KO mice. To further test whether Top1mt acted by enabling mtDNA regeneration, we tested TOP1mt KO fibroblasts and human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells and measured mtDNA after 3-d treatment with ethidium bromide. Both types of TOP1mt knockout cells showed defective mtDNA regeneration following mtDNA depletion. Our study demonstrates that Top1mt is required for normal mtDNA homeostasis and for linking mtDNA expansion with hepatocyte proliferation.
Pemphigus: Current Concepts (1980)

Pemphigus is an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. There are four clinically recognized variants of this disease. The histopathologic hallmark is acantholysis, which is disruption of normal cell-to-cell adhesion. Patients produce an IgG antibody directed against an antigen present in the intercellular substance of the epidermis. The antibody binds to the intercellular spaces in vivo and can be frequently detected in patients' sera. Immunofluorescent examination of perilesional tissue and serum is an extremely valuable diagnostic technique. Recently, pemphigus-like lesions have been produced in skin explants grown in tissue culture media enriched with pemphigus serum. Before corticosteroid therapy was available, pemphigus was a fatal disease. Steroids, and more recently immunosuppressive agents, have drastically improved the prognosis.
Motility of <i>Colwellia psychrerythraea</i> Strain 34H at Subzero Temperatures (2003)

We examined the Arctic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H for motility at temperatures from -1 to -15 degrees C by using transmitted-light microscopy in a temperature-controlled laboratory. The results, showing motility to -10 degrees C, indicate much lower temperatures to be permissive of motility than previously reported (5 degrees C), with implications for microbial activity in frozen environments.
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is mandatory for CD40‐mediated rescue of germinal center B cells from apoptosis (1993)

Spontaneous apoptosis in germinal center (GC) B cells can be arrested either by engaging cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) with immobilized ligand or, more effectively, by treatment with soluble monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against CD40. The present study examines the intracellular signal transduction pathways through which rescue from spontaneous apoptosis is engendered in GC B cells following ligation of surface CD40. Cross-linking the surface CD40 of GC B cells with mAb consistently resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation on a number of distinct substrates: this process could be blocked, in a dose-dependent fashion, by pre-treating GC B cells with the selective protein tyrosine kinase(s) (PTK) inhibitor, herbimycin A. Moreover, the pattern of phosphorylation on tyrosine observed following treatment with anti-CD40 was remarkably similar to that triggered by polyvalent anti-Ig. By contrast, anti-CD40 failed to stimulate the increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and cytosolic free calcium observed in both GC B cells and resting B lymphocytes following ligation of surface Ig. The involvement of the signaling pathways generated in the rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis was studied by using selective inhibitors of PTK and of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+. Pre-incubation with the PTK inhibitor herbimycin A (5 microM) abrogated anti-CD40-mediated rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis, while genistein (40 microM) and the tyrphostins AG490 (10 microM) and AG814 (25 microM) significantly inhibited this process. Consistent with these results, herbimycin A (5 microM) abolished the expression of the 26 kDa bcl-2 protooncogene product, which confers resistance to apoptosis, normally observed following culture with anti-CD40. The Ca2+ chelators BAPTA and EGTA did not significantly affect CD40-promoted rescue. Taken together, these results indicate that CD40 of GC B cells is coupled to functional PTK but not to the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and that tyrosine phosphorylation is mandatory for CD40-mediated rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis.
Highly sensitive inspection system for lithography-related faults in agile-fab - detecting algorithm for monitoring and evaluation of yield impact (2002)

The authors performed automatic detection of lithography-related faults by characteristic factors calculated from fail bit count (FBC) data. They used the autocorrelation function to define a characteristic factor for a certain lithography-related failure mode. The frequency of lithography-related faults was monitored as time series data. Also, components of the characteristic factor quantified the direction of the inclination of lithography-related patterns. They changed according to time. The origin of faults varies with patterns. Thus, it is presumed that their causes differed with each period. Fault sourcing for a failure mode was carried out by correlating machine data and the characteristic factor with /spl chi//sup 2/ test. Since the characteristic factor included only one failure factor, this test could be performed with high sensitivity. The authors classified lithography-related faults and evaluated their yield impact from their frequency and yield loss automatically.
Conversion of .alpha.-halo boronic esters to inverted .alpha.-(methylsulfonyl)oxy boronic esters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of .alpha.-halo boronic esters to inverted .alpha.-(methylsulfonyl)oxy boronic estersDonald S. Matteson and Ali A. KandilCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 23, 5121–5124Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00232a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (558 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pseudo-Brown's Syndrome as a Complication of Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery (1993)

Two cases of pseudo-Brown's syndrome occurring after superior nasal implantation of glaucoma filtering devices are described. We hypothesize that this restriction in ocular motility was due to the mechanical effects of large filtering blebs or increased inflammation and scar formation in the superior nasal quadrant. Serial ultrasound examinations of our patients demonstrated development of a large bleb, coincidental with the disturbance in motility. Because of the risk of strabismus, we no longer recommend placing large implant devices in the superior nasal quadrant in eyes that have good vision.
Real-Time Cement Expansion/Shrinkage Testing Under Downhole Conditions for Enhanced Annular Isolation (2003)

Abstract Ongoing problems with sustained annular gas pressure on producing wells wordwide is a prime indicator that more work is needed in understanding how cement system design can impact long-term annular isolation. One important area is the relative expansion or shrinkage of cement systems as they hydrate in the annulus of a well. Most Portland cement systems undergo chemical and bulk shrinkage as they set. A number of chemical materials have been developed that can be added to cementing systems to overcome this shrinkage, and in some cases, even impart a degree of expansion. However, the process whereby the degree of shrinkage or expansion is measured has almost universally been some type of a single point test, performed at ambient conditions. This is typically the case even if the cement sample was first hydrated under downhole conditions. The authors detail new methodology and test equipment that allows for the tracking of cement shrinkage and/or expansion real-time, under downhole conditions of pressure and temperature. The system allows for the application of curing pressures in either an aqueous or non-aqueous environment. Data acquisition is totally computerized and can be maintained for whatever time interval is required, without exposing the hydrating cement to surface conditions. With this new technology, the authors will detail how cement expansion and shrinkage can be significantly different under downhole conditions of pressure and temperature than when measured at ambient conditions. It has also been observed by the authors that cement expansion or shrinkage is a dynamic process that may take many hours or even days before any significant degree of volumetric stability is achieved. Finally, a successful field application of the new testing methodology will be presented as validation for the transfer of this new technology from the laboratory to the real world of oil and gas well cementing.
N-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes As a Source and Precursor of <i>N</i>-Nitrosodimethylamine: Implications for Environmental Fate, Transport, and Toxicity (2014)

Hazardous byproducts may be generated during the environmental processing of engineered nanomaterials. Here, we explore the ability of carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing surface groups (N-CNTs) to generate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chemical disinfection. Unexpectedly, we observed that commercial N-CNTs with amine, amide, or N-containing polymer (PABS) surface groups are a source of NDMA. As-received powders can leach up to 50 ng of NDMA per mg of N-CNT in aqueous suspension; presumably NDMA originates as a residue from N-CNT manufacturing. Furthermore, reaction of N-CNTs with free chlorine, monochloramine, and ozone generated byproduct NDMA at yields comparable to those reported for natural organic matter. Chlorination also altered N-CNT surface chemistry, with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicating addition of Cl, loss of N, and an increase in surface O. Although these changes can increase N-CNT suspension stability, they do not enhance their acute toxicity in E. coli bioassays above that observed for as-received powders. Notably, however, dechlorination of reacted N-CNTs with sulfite completely suppresses N-CNT toxicity. Collectively, our work demonstrates that N-CNTs are both a source and precursor of NDMA, a probable human carcinogen, while chemical disinfection can produce CNTs exhibiting surface chemistry and environmental behavior distinct from that of native (i.e., as-received) materials.
An Approach to the Design of Mass-correlated Delayed Extraction in a Linear Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer (1997)

An algorithm is suggested that allows the implementation of first order velocity (energy) focusing in a linear, single field, time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF/MS) over a broad mass range using a time-dependent mass-corrected extraction field. The interpolation formula for extraction field dependence on time for a particular geometry of TOF/MS is presented. There are two values that determine the expression for temporal dependence of the extraction field: the geometry scale parameter (the ratio of the ion source and field-free drift tube lengths) and the initial point (low-mass limit) of scanning in the mass spectrum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activities Designed to Improve Listening Skill (1954)

Activities Designed to Improve Listening Skill Get access Charles E. Irvin Charles E. Irvin 1Michigan State College, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 4, Issue 1, March 1954, Pages 14–16, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1954.tb00212.x Published: 07 February 2006
Polylysine conjugates of Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor as targeted anti-carcinogenic agents (1991)

Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI), an 8000 mol. wt polypeptide with anti-carcinogenic activity, was coupled to poly(D-lysine) (BBI-SS-PDL) and poly(L-glutamate) (BBI-SS-PLG) with a disulfide-cross-linking agent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). In vitro transformation assays showed that BBI-SS-PDL, but not BBI-SS-PLG, retained the full anticarcinogenic activity of BBI. When administered i.v. to Balb/c mice, a selective localization in the lungs was found with BBI-SS-PDL but not with BBI or BBI-SS-PLG. At 30 min, 3 h and 24 h after the injection of BBI-SS-PDL, the amounts of BBI in the lungs were 118%, 74% and 19% of the injected dose/g of tissue respectively. At the same time points, the amount of radioactivity in the lungs of mice injected with BBI was 5%, 3% and 1% of the injected dose/g of tissue respectively. Therefore, higher amounts of BBI could be targeted to the lungs by injecting BBI as a PDL conjugate. BBI-SS-PDL was also retained in the lungs for a longer period of time than free BBI. In previous studies, BBI has been shown to suppress lung carcinogenesis. The results presented here suggest that BBI-SS-PDL could be more effective than BBI as an anti-carcinogenic agent for the lung.
Toward Privacy and Regulation in Blockchain-Based Cryptocurrencies (2019)

Privacy is supreme in cryptocurrencies since most users do not want to reveal their identities or the transaction amount in financial transactions. Nevertheless, achieving privacy in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies remains challenging since blockchain is by default a public ledger. For instance, Bitcoin provides builtin pseudonymity rather than true anonymity, which can be compromised by analyzing the transactions. Several solutions have been proposed to enhance the transaction privacy of Bitcoin. Unfortunately, full anonymity is not always desirable, because malicious users are able to conduct illegal transactions, such as money laundering and drug trading, under the cover of anonymity in cryptocurrencies. As a result, regulation in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies is very essential. In this article, we analyze the privacy issues in Bitcoin and investigate some existing privacy-enhancing techniques in blockchain- based cryptocurrencies as well as some privacy-focused altcoins. In addition, we review and compare some works dealing with regulation of cryptocurrencies. Finally, we propose two possible solutions from a top view to balance privacy and regulation of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. One solution is based on decentralized group signature, in which a group manager is responsible for building a group and tracing the real payer of the group in a transaction. The other solution is based on verifiable encryption, in which a tracing manager is not actively involved in normal transactions but can trace suspicious transactions via an encrypted tag.
Novel mechanisms of action of classical chemotherapeutic agents on sphingolipid pathways (2015)

The prevailing mechanisms of action of traditional chemotherapeutic agents have been challenged by sphingolipid cancer research. Many studies have shown that ceramide generation in response to cytotoxic agents is central to tumor cell death. Ceramide can be generated either via hydrolysis of cell-membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases, hydrolysis of cerebrosides, or via de novo synthesis by ceramide synthases. Ceramide can act as a second messenger for apoptosis, senescence or autophagy. Inherent or acquired alterations in the sphingolipid pathway can account for resistance to the classic chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, it has been shown that activation of the acid ceramidase can lead to the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate, which then antagonizes ceramide signaling by initiating a pro-survival signaling pathway. Furthermore, ceramide glycosylation catalyzed by glucosylceramide synthase converts ceramide to glucosylceramide, thus eliminating ceramide and consequently protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. In this review, we describe the effects of some of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on ceramide generation, with a particular emphasis on strategies used to enhance the efficacy of these agents.
Urbanism: Imported or Exported? Native Aspirations and Foreign Plans (2005)

Urbanism: Imported or Exported? Native Aspirations and Foreign Plans, Joe Nasr and Mercedes Volait (eds), Chichester, John Wiley, 2003, 354 pp., £55.00 (h/b), £19.99 (p/b) Urbanism Imported or Exported?, edited by Joe Nasr and Mercedes Volait, develops and expands the field of urban and planning literature in several significant directions. It highlights the impact of colonialism and foreign occupation, mainly on cities in the Mediterranean area (though the book is not limited to that area), and brings the notion of the diffusion of city building and planning ideas to the forefront. The book addresses both formal colonialism and other occupations. In this review, colonialism is employed in a broader sense to include these occupations by outsiders. This usage should not undermine the editors' intentional omission of 'colonialism' from the title of the book (p. xii) in the interest of highlighting the transportation of planning ideas As with most edited volumes, the contributions are uneven. Instead of theorising the findings, many chapters outline and describe a series of predictable impacts. As a whole, the book considers the importing and exporting of planning to be a complicated endeavour which goes beyond a simple one-way process of colonial or other imposition on subject societies. It thus challenges scholars to addresses complexities of planning and urbanisni. The book aptly begins with a chapter by Anthony D. King, a principal initiator and long-time leading scholar of colonial and transnational urbanism. Blurring any sharp boundaries between colonial and postcolonial periods, the contributors demonstrate the continuing impact that colonialism has on today's postcolonial urban environments. They highlight, as most postcolonial critics do, that postcolonialism is a dialogue with colonialism. Combining this time dimension with one of space, the authors discuss the voluntary and involuntary importing and exporting of city building and planning ideas between the metropoles and the colonies (and occupier and occupied societies). As the title of the Introduction indicates, the focus of the book is on 'transporting planning'. It surpasses the conventional focus on exporting planning ideas thought of as a one-way process in which the receivers are silent, oppressed and impotent, if not outright invisible. Most contributors examine the transportation of planning from the perspective of those who import these models. The book thus stresses the significance of not constraining the study of urbanism and planning within national boundaries. It acknowledges that planning influences go in multiple directions, including back to the source of dissemination, a topic especially addressed by Alicia Novick in regard to French experts in Buenos Aires (1907-32). …
여객프로세스 간소화 연구에 대한 타당성 조사 (2008)

As International Civil Avation Organization (ICAO) and aircraft makers predict the demand of aviation transportation will rapidly increase to two to threefold by 2020 it is significant to solve the delay in the passenger travel process in the airport by developing intellectual and efficient airport management technology. Considering the limitation of expanding physical space and facility, Ynagbing Ju and David R. Pendergraft already researched on simplifying passenger travel to reduce the delay time. Therefore, in this research, based on the SWOT and technical level analysis of Incheon International Airport, we propsed the necessity and range of the research on SPT(Simplifying Passenger Transport).
Differentiation of Mononuclear Blood Cells into Macrophages, Fibroblasts and Endothelial Cells in Thrombus Organization (1988)

The organization of thrombi and emboli may be performed exclusively by mononuclear blood cells which represent precursors of various mesenchymal cell types. Between the 10th and 20th day after the onset of blood clotting, mononuclear cells within the fibrinous matrix differentiate into (1) macrophages responsible for hematoclasia and hematophagocytosis, (2) endothelial cells lining autolytic slits in the fibrinous matrix and forming new capillaries, and (3) fibroblasts and even smooth muscle cells building up a young mesenchymal connective tissue.
Metabolic alterations in broiler chickens experimentally infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima (2014)

Metabolic and morphometric alterations of the duodenal villi caused by parasitism of chickens by Eimeria maxima were evaluated, using 100 male Cobb birds, randomly distributed into two groups (control and infected). The infected group was inoculated with 0.5 ml of a solution containing 5 × 10³ sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima. Ten birds per sample were sacrificed on the 6th, 11th, 22nd and 41st days post-infection (dpi). In order to evaluate the alterations, samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum fragments were collected after necropsy for histological analysis. Villus biometry was determined by means of a slide graduated in microns that was attached to a binocular microscope. To evaluate the biochemical data, 5 ml of blood were sampled from the birds before sacrifice. The statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad 5 statistical software for Windows. Tukey's multiple comparison test (p <0.05) was performed for the different dpi's and the unpaired t test for the difference between the groups. Infection by E. maxima causes both qualitative and quantitative alterations to the structure of the intestinal villi, thereby interfering with the absorption of nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein and lipids, with consequent reductions in the birds' weights.