gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimal Contribution of Fasting Hyperglycemia to the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects With Normal 2-h Plasma Glucose (2009)

OBJECTIVE To assess the relative contribution of increased fasting and postload plasma glucose concentrations to the incidence of type 2 diabetes in subjects with a normal 2-h plasma glucose concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 3,450 subjects with 2-h plasma glucose concentration <140 mg/dl at baseline were followed up in the San Antonio Heart Study (SAHS) and the Botnia Study for 7-8 years. The incidence of type 2 diabetes at follow-up was related to the fasting, 1-h, and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations. RESULTS In subjects with 2-h plasma glucose <140 mg/dl, the incidence of type 2 diabetes increased with increasing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations. In a multivariate logistic analysis, after adjustment for all diabetes risk factors, the FPG concentration was a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes in both the SAHS and the Botnia Study (P < 0.0001). However, when the 1-h plasma glucose, but not 2-h plasma glucose, concentration was added to the model, FPG concentration was no longer a significant predictor of type 2 diabetes in both studies (NS). When subjects were matched for the level of 1-h plasma glucose concentration, the incidence of type 2 diabetes markedly increased with the increase in 1-h plasma glucose, but the increase in FPG was not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS An increase in postload glycemia in the normal range is associated with an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. After controlling for 1-h plasma glucose concentration, the increase in FPG concentration is not associated with an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in <i>Candida albicans</i> (1994)

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans produces secretory aspartyl proteinases, which are believed to be virulence factors in infection. We have studied the in vitro expression of seven known members of the SAP gene family in a range of strains and serotypes by Northern analysis. SAP1 and SAP3 were regulated during phenotypic switching between the white and opaque forms of the organism. The SAP2 mRNA, which was the dominant transcript in the yeast form, was found to be autoinduced by peptide products of Sap2 activity and to be repressed by amino acids. The expression of the closely related SAP4-SAP6 genes was observed only at neutral pH during serum-induced yeast to hyphal transition. No SAP7 mRNA was detected under any of the conditions or in any of the strains tested. Our data suggest that the various members of the SAP gene family may have distinct roles in the colonization and invasion of the host.
Atomic layer deposition of Ti-Nb-O thin films onto electrospun fibers for fibrous and tubular catalyst support structures (2017)

Here, the authors report on the preparation of core–shell carbon-ceramic fibrous as well as ceramic tubular catalyst supports utilizing electrospinning and atomic layer deposition (ALD). In this paper, ALD of Ti-Nb-O thin films using TiCl4, Nb(OEt)5, and H2O as precursors is demonstrated. According to the time-of-flight-elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, carbon and hydrogen impurities were relatively low, but depend on the pulsing ratio of the precursors. Optimized ALD process was used for coating of sacrificial electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) template fibers to yield tubular Ti-Nb-O structures after thermal or solution based PVA removal. Another approach utilized 200–400 nm thick carbon fibers prepared by electrospinning from polyacrylonitrile and subsequent thermal treatment.
Studies on the Manufacture of Distillated Liquor. Part IV (1965)

(1)ブランデーの仕込に際して醪の差が原酒の成分組成にどのような差異を与えるかにつき検討した.原料として甲州種を用い,混合部,汁液部,圧搾部,粕部に分けて醗酵,蒸留した. (2)醪の組成で糖分は余り差がなく,酸は圧搾部に多く,窒素は混合部,粕部に多い.醗酵は汁液部が最も遅く酵母の増殖も少ない.逆に粕部は醗酵が速くかつ酵母数も多く汁液部の3倍となる.醗酵醪は酸は圧搾部に多く,粕部はアルコールの生成がやや低い. (3)粗留液,分留液,再留液ではエステルが最も大きな差を示し,汁液部が最も多く,他の3～4倍量になる. (4)再留液の紫外部吸収曲線は270mμにピークをもち,吸収の強さは混合部>圧搾部>粕部>汁液部の順に強かった. 220～240mμの吸収は粕部で強い. (5)ガスクロマトグラフィーの結果は酢酸エチルは,汁液部で他の4～8倍を示した.イソアミルアルコールは混合部,粕部に多い.またイソブチルアルコールに対するイソアミルアルコールの比率は,混合部や粕部は汁液部や圧搾部の2～3倍を示した. (6)全体的にみて汁液部は不純物少なくエステル多く,混合部,粕部は不純物多くエステル少なく,フーゼル油を多くもつ.香気の点からは汁液部が最も好ましく,ブランデーの仕込に際して醪を区分して仕込むことも一法といえよう.
Formation of a nitride interface in epitaxial graphene on SiC (0001) (2015)

We report on a nitride interface structure formed between epitaxial graphene and SiC (0001). The nitride interface can be obtained by the pretreatment of SiC in an $\mathrm{Ar}/{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ atmosphere at 1600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, followed by graphene growth in Ar at 1700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Our detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a nitride atomic layer between the 0th carbon layer and the SiC substrate. Due to the nitride interface, the interface carrier scattering was reduced, which resulted in an improvement of the room temperature mobility of graphene, indicating that this is another technique to modify the electronic properties of graphene.
Homogeneous nonisotopic assay for phenytoin evaluated. (1982)

We evaluated a new homogeneous immunoprecipitation assay for phenytoin in human serum. No sample dilution or pretreatment is required. The new method is based on spectrophotometry of the inhibition by free phenytoin of the precipitating reaction between anti-phenytoin antibody and a phenytoin-human serum albumin conjugate. A serum test sample is simultaneously mixed with the phenytoin-albumin conjugate and rabbit antiserum to phenytoin in a centrifugal analyzer, and the subsequent reaction is monitored at 3 min. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were well below 7%. The relation between results for patients' test sample as determined by immunoprecipitation assay (y) and an enzyme immunoassay (x) can be expressed as y = 1.10x + 1.1 (r = 0.966, n = 66).
Analysis of the transcript encoding the latent Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen I: a potentially polycistronic message generated by long-range splicing of several exons. (1985)

The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA I) present in latently infected cells is encoded in a 2-kilobase exon contained in the BamHI K viral genomic fragment. This exon is, however, found within a 3.7-kilobase mRNA transcript. The origin of the remaining 1.7 kilobases is unknown, although it is not derived from adjacent Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences. A 1.1-kilobase cDNA clone generated by primer extension using an oligonucleotide complimentary to a sequence 245 base pairs 3' to the putative initiation codon for EBNA I in the BamHI K fragment has been isolated. This clone contains seven exons (from the BamHI W, Y, U, E, and K viral genomic fragments), which are spread over approximately 70 kilobases of the viral genome. However, this clone does not appear to contain the complete 5' end of the transcript. In addition to the open reading frame in the exon encoding EBNA I, three other open reading frames are found in this transcript that potentially encode other viral antigens present in latently infected cells.
Capture of cytokine-responsive genes (NACA and RBM3) using a gene trap approach (2000)

We have developed a gene trap approach to select specific cytokine receptor/ligand responsive genes in the cell line TF-1. This cell line exhibits a dependency on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) and responds to interleukin-5 (IL-5). In an attempt to detect genes modulated by one of these factors, cells were infected with the Rosabetageo retrovirus in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 and clones were selected for retroviral integration on the basis of G418 resistance. Housekeeping and cytokine-regulated trapped genes were then differentiated on the basis of G418 resistance versus sensitivity in the presence of the different cytokines. To determine the reliability of this screen, DNA sequences upstream of the proviral integration site were identified by 5' rapid amplification of DNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR) from selected GM-CSF-treated and -infected clones. Comparison of the sequences with those in the Genbank database revealed that 2 sequences correspond to known genes: NACA and RBM3. NACA was recently defined as a coactivator of c-jun-mediated transcription factors in osteoblasts, and RBM3 as a protein from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. Data from transcriptional analysis of these 2 genes in TF-1 cells showed a specific up-regulation by GM-CSF. Both transcripts were also found to be up-regulated in purified CD34(+) cells, suggesting their involvement in proliferative processes during hematopoiesis. Interestingly, down-regulation was observed during monocytic differentiation of TF-1 cells, suggesting their extinction could contribute to monocytic lineage development. This study demonstrates that this gene trap approach is a useful method for identifying novel, specific cytokine-responsive genes that are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis. (Blood. 2000;95:3750-3757)
Rapid Assessment of Silage Fermentation Characteristics by Electrometric Titration (1993)

Inaccurate prediction of silage intake is often the greatest source of error in ration formulation but improvements have been hindered by an inadequate description of the silage fermentation in advisory practice. Until recently, only pH and ammonia N have been routinely measured as indicators of silage fermentation characteristics. A new method, based on research in Finland (Moisio and Heikonen, 1989) has been developed and is now in use by SAC. This involves automated titration of juice squeezed from the silage to pH 2 (with HC1) followed by stepwise titration (with NaOH) to pH 12. Concentrations of juice constituents are predicted from the buffering capacities measured over segments of the titration curve (pH 2 to pH 12). Calibrations have been obtained empirically by the addition of known increments of standards to a range of silage juices. Proportions of variance (R 2 ) of measurements made by reference methods accounted for by predictions from titrations for a validation set of 93 silages were 0.90, 0.78, 0.92, 0.82 and 0.82 for lactic acid, acetic+butyric acids (VFA), soluble N, sugar and ammonia N respectively.
Solid dispersions, Part I: recent evolutions and future opportunities in manufacturing methods for dissolution rate enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs (2011)

Introduction: In recent years, the number of active pharmaceutical ingredients with high therapeutic impact, but very low water solubility, has increased significantly. Thus, a great challenge for pharmaceutical technology is to create new formulations and efficient drug-delivery systems to overcome these dissolution problems.
Factors affecting stability of colored substances in paprika powders (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFactors affecting stability of colored substances in paprika powdersPeter A. Biacs, Beatrix. Czinkotai, and Agoston. HoschkeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 3, 363–367Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00015a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00015a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Indoor GPS positioning - challenges and opportunities (2006)

This paper provides an overview of the challenges encountered in the acquisition and tracking of weak GPS signals present in indoor environments. Successful acquisition and tracking of weak GPS signals requires longer integration times, effective strong/weak signal decoupling, and correct multipath detection and rejection. The weak signal acquisition and tracking can be improved substantially with aiding information provided by cellular networks.
Robotic Self-replication in Structured Environments: Physical Demonstrations and Complexity Measures (2008)

In this paper we define a complexity ratio that measures the degree to which a robot is self-replicating based on the number and complexity of subsystems that it can assemble to form a functional replica. We also quantify how structured the environment must be in order for a robot to function. This calculation uses Sanderson's concept of parts entropy. Together, the complexity measure of the robot and environmental entropy provide quantitative benchmarks to assess the state of the art in the subfield of self-replicating robotic systems, and provide goals for the design of future systems. We demonstrate these principles with three prototype systems that show different degrees of robotic self-replication. The first robot is controlled by a microprocessor and consists of five subsystems. The second has no microprocessor and is implemented as a finite-state machine consisting of discrete logic chips that are distributed over five subsystems. The third design consists of six subsystems and is able to handle greater environmental entropy. These systems demonstrate the desired progression towards self-replicating robots consisting of greater numbers of subsystems, each of lower complexity, and which are able to function in environments with increasing levels of disorder.
[Hypothermic management of brain dead dogs]. (1996)

For preventing graft failure, the effects of hypothermic management of brain dead dogs was investigated. Forty-three brain dead dogs were divided into two groups according to the degree of esophageal temperature; a normothermic group (37.2 +/- 0.3 degree C, mean +/- SEM, n = 22), and a hypothermic group (31.8 +/- 0.3 degree C, n = 21) which was obtained by introducing ice slush in the peritoneal cavity. During the management of brain dead dogs, 1) heart rate, pressure product, and a total amount of catecholamine were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group, 2) mean blood pressure, the maximum rate of the rise of left ventricle (LVdp/dt) and cardiac output were not different between both groups, 3) lactate content in the coronary sinus, and O2-extraction rate of the heart tended to be lower in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group. After transplantation, the recovery of cardiac function was better in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group. Hypothermic management of brain dead dogs may safely decrease cardiac stress, and keep cardiac aerobic circumstances.
Report on Scoping the Apparel Manufacturing Enterprise (1993)

Identifies a set of manufacturing data interfaces that could be standardized for the effective computer integration of the information required to operate an apparel manufacturing enterprise. The interfaces are called Application Protocols. Describes a method using pieces of information, referred to as Units of Functionality, as building blocks for designing Application Protocols.
Longitudinal Measurement of Clinical Mammographic Breast Density to Improve Estimation of Breast Cancer Risk (2007)

An increase in BI-RADS breast density category within 3 years may be associated with an increase in breast cancer risk and a decrease in density category with a decrease in risk compared to breast cancer risk in women in whom breast density category remains unchanged. Two longitudinal measures of BI-RADS breast density may better predict a woman's risk of breast cancer than a single measure.
Functional Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Inhibitors of α2-Antiplasmin that Accelerate Fibrinolysis in Different Animal Plasmas (1997)

In humans with acute thrombotic disease, thrombi often appear to resist fibrinolysis induced by plasminogen activators. To examine the potential role of alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) in thrombus resistance in vivo, we generated monoclonal antibody inhibitors of alpha 2AP. In a somatic cell fusion, 99 hybridomas were obtained that produced MAbs that bound to human 125I-alpha 2AP in a capture assay. Screening assays showed that 3 of these MAbs, 49, 70, and 77, neutralized the function of alpha 2AP. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that these MAbs recognized an epitope present in native alpha 2AP that was destroyed by denaturation with SDS. Each of these MAbs fully inhibited the binding of the other MAbs to alpha 2AP, but none of them competed with the binding of another anti-alpha 2AP MAb, RWR. When tested for their binding to nonhuman alpha 2APs in plasmas, all three MAbs were strongly crossreactive with all primate plasmas tested but showed an idiosyncratic pattern of binding to alpha 2AP in other plasmas, suggesting unique fine epitope specificities. In human plasma, all three MAbs amplified the lysis of human plasma clots induced by plasminogen activators, increasing the potency of urokinase by nearly 50- to 100-fold. These MAbs also markedly amplified the lysis of clots from baboon, cynomolgus, african green monkey plasmas, and to a lesser extent, ferret and dog. By virtue of their ability to potently inhibit alpha 2AP in other animal plasmas, these MAbs should be useful for examining the role of alpha 2AP in thrombus resistance to fibrinolysis in vivo.
IT Infrastructure for Providing Energy-as-a-Service to Electric Vehicles (2012)

Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are set to be the defining trend in road transportation for the 21st century. Unfortunately, the process of charging a large number of PHEVs will put a prohibitive amount of stress on conventional power grids. As per current estimates, it will not be possible to satisfy the peak demand of charging millions of PHEVs with current infrastructure. Additionally, to ensure stability of the power grid, the demand needs to be closely matched with supply all the time. This is difficult to ensure in a dynamic scenario like PHEV charging, where it is not possible to predict the load in the future. This problem is further complicated by the introduction of intermittent sources of alternate energy like wind power. This paper proposes an IT infrastructure for managing energy usage of PHEVs. The paper introduces a generalized currency of energy called a token, which entitles its owner to produce or consume a certain amount of electrical energy. Furthermore, the paper propose an IT infrastructure to manage tokens produced by millions of PHEVs and power stations. Simulation results for the system that consider the behavior of millions of PHEVs using data in prior work and traces from the Australian power grid for the last five years are also presented.
Adoptive Immunotherapy Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (1998)

Some of the recent advances in our knowledge of immune recognition have provided new tools to circumvent or reverse some of the major disadvantages of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The pretransplant conditioning regimen produces a major defect in the immune system that greatly favors the occurrence of life-threatening infections, caused particularly by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. However, adoptive transfer of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can reconstitute specific immunity and/or cure viral disease in immunocompromised post-BMT patients. The other major drawback of allogeneic BMT is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although potentially detrimental, it is closely associated with an antileukemia reaction (graft-versus- leukemia, GVL). The most direct evidence of the GVL effect has been provided by the efficacy of donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). DLI can induce long-lasting remissions, especially in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who relapse post-BMT. Although allogeneic cell therapy should still be considered a “naive” form of immunotherapy, work in progress on the identification of leukemia-specific antigens will improve the outcome and enlarge its applications.
Structure-activity studies of highly potent cyclic [Cys4, Cys10]melanotropin analogs (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-activity studies of highly potent cyclic [Cys4, Cys10]melanotropin analogsJames J. Knittel, Tomi K. Sawyer, Victor J. Hruby, and Mac E. HadleyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1983, 26, 2, 125–129Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00356a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00356a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mice Deficient in Oocyte-Specific Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like Protein OAS1D Display Reduced Fertility (2005)

The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced interferon response is a defense mechanism against viral infection. Upon interferon activation by dsRNA, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1A) is induced; it binds dsRNA and converts ATP into 2',5'-linked oligomers of adenosine (called 2-5A), which activate RNase L that in turn degrades viral and cellular RNAs. In a screen to identify oocyte-specific genes, we identified a novel murine cDNA encoding an ovary-specific 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein, OAS1D, which displays 59% identity with OAS1A. OAS1D is predominantly cytoplasmic and is exclusively expressed in growing oocytes and early embryos. Like OAS1A, OAS1D binds the dsRNA mimetic poly(I-C), but unlike OAS1A, it lacks 2'-5' adenosine linking activity. OAS1D interacts with OAS1A and inhibits the enzymatic activity of OAS1A. Mutant mice lacking OAS1D (Oas1d(-/-)) display reduced fertility due to defects in ovarian follicle development, decreased efficiency of ovulation, and eggs that are fertilized arrest at the one-cell stage. These effects are exacerbated after activation of the interferon/OAS1A/RNase L pathway by poly(I-C). We propose that OAS1D suppresses the interferon/OAS/RNase L-mediated cellular destruction by interacting with OAS1A during oogenesis and early embryonic development.