gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching feedback controllers based on the maximal CPI sets for stabilization of humanoid robots (2009)

Humanoid robots should be able to stand and walk despite reasonable external disturbances. This paper addresses the robustness of a humanoid robot to unknown disturbances. Although there are control methods to absorb the disturbances based on the COG-ZMP inverted pendulum model, they do not consider the physical constraint on ZMP. In this paper, the authors enable the control law to consider the physical constraint explicitly with the maximal CPI set. Furthermore, the switching control framework is applied to a COG-ZMP inverted pendulum model, allowing for an improved robustness to external disturbances. The validity of the proposed method is verified with both of simulation and experiment.
Detecting patients at a high risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: cross sectional case finding study (2002)

Trained practice assistants could check all patients who smoke for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at little cost to the practice. Cough and age are the most important predictors of the disease. By testing one smoker a day, an average practice could identify one patient at risk a week.
<title>Pincushion correction techniques and their effects on calculated 3D positions and imaging geometries</title> (1996)

Two techniques for pincushion correction are evaluated based on their effect on calculation of the image geometry and 3D positions of object points. Images of a uniform wire mesh and a calibration phantom containing lead beads in its surface were acquired on the image intensifier TV systems in our catheterization labs. The radial mapping functions relating points in the original images and in the corrected images were determined using the mesh image. The undistorted mesh model was also used to determine and correct the distortions locally, i.e., for each square region between the mesh points. Thus, two corrected images were obtained. Images of the calibration phantom before and after correction were analyzed to determine the 3D position of the lead beads and the imaging geometry, using a calibration algorithm and the enhanced Metz-Fencil technique. In comparing the 3D positions calculated from the radially corrected and locally corrected images, the calculated 3D positions using the calibration technique vary by less than 0.6 mm in the x and y direction and less than 5.0 mm in the z direction. The uncorrected data yields differences of over 1 cm in the z direction. The 3D positions calculated using the enhanced Metz-Fencil technique appear to be more accurate when pincushion correction is applied.
Use of sterically stabilized polymer colloids as electrostatically‐based liquid developers (1985)

Abstract Liquid immersion development (LID) of a latent electrostatic image has become established as an important alternative to dry toning during the past decade. In this development method, a charged, colloidally stable colored particle that is dispersed in a dielectric fluid undergoes electrophoresis under the influence of an applied field. These particles then neutralize a latent electrostatic image of opposite polarity, which resides on either a photoreceptor drum or on dielectric paper. This results in a hard copy of the latent image being obtained. In this paper we outline the physicochemical properties that are demanded of a liquid toner and describe an alternative approach to the preparation of a LID materials package. This new approach utilizes a nonaqueous polymer colloid as the vehicle, which when colored and charged, gives a LID toner. The advantage of nonaqueous dispersions is that the steric stabilizer is irreversibly attached to the particle. Since desorption of the stabilizer is not a problem, these materials are colloidally stable for an indefinite period of time. The particles were colored using both dyes and pigments. While neither approach was entirely satisfactory, the feasibility of coloring such particles was demonstrated. A positive charge was imparted to the particles by specific adsorption of the cation of a metal soap at the polymer–fluid interface. It was found that these experimental LID toners were able to develop a latent electrostatic image in a commercially available printer with the image being well fixed to the paper. While this approach has not been optimized, it appears to be an attractive route for preparing novel LID developers.
Establishing a Direct Role for the <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i> Invasion-Associated Locus B (IalB) Protein in Human Erythrocyte Parasitism (2001)

The invasion-associated locus A and B genes (ialAB) of Bartonella bacilliformis were previously shown to confer an erythrocyte-invasive phenotype upon Escherichia coli, indirectly implicating their role in virulence. We report the first direct demonstration of a role for ialB as a virulence factor in B. bacilliformis. The presence of a secretory signal sequence and amino acid sequence similarity to two known outer membrane proteins involved in virulence suggested that IalB was an outer membrane protein. To develop an antiserum for protein localization, the ialB gene was cloned in frame into an expression vector with a six-histidine tag and under control of the lacZ promoter. The IalB fusion protein was purified by nickel affinity chromatography and used to raise polyclonal antibodies. IalB was initially localized to the bacterial membrane fraction. To further localize IalB, B. bacilliformis inner and outer membranes were fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and identified by appearance, buoyant density (rho), and cytochrome b content. Inner and outer membrane proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and IalB was positively identified by Western blot. Contrary to expectations, IalB was localized to the inner membrane of the pathogen. To directly demonstrate a role for IalB in erythrocyte parasitism, the B. bacilliformis ialB gene was disrupted by insertional mutagenesis. The resulting ialB mutant strain was complemented in trans with a replicative plasmid encoding the full-length ialB gene. PCR and high-stringency DNA hybridization confirmed mutagenesis and transcomplementation events. Abrogation and restoration of ialB expression was verified by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. In vitro virulence assays showed that mutagenesis of ialB decreased bacterial association and invasion of human erythrocytes by 47 to 53% relative to controls. Transcomplementation of ialB restored erythrocyte association and invasion rates to levels observed in the parental strain. These data provide direct evidence for IalB's role in erythrocyte parasitism and represent the first demonstration of molecular Koch's postulates for a Bartonella species.
Updates on the diagnosis and management of the most common hereditary porphyrias: AIP and EPP (2020)

The porphyrias are a family of metabolic disorders caused by defects in the activity of one of the enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding hydroxymethylbilane synthase, can lead to hepatocyte overaccumulation and systemic distribution of the proximal porphyrin precursors, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). ALA and PBG are toxic to neurons and extrahepatic tissue and cause the neurovisceral clinical manifestations of AIP. Management of AIP includes awareness and avoidance of triggering factors, infusions of hemin for severe acute attacks, and, if indicated for chronic suppressive therapy, maintenance treatment with hemin or givosiran, a small interfering RNA molecule that antagonizes ALA synthase 1 transcripts. Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is most commonly caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the gene encoding ferrochelatase (FECH), the heme pathway terminal enzyme. FECH deficiency leads to erythrocyte overaccumulation and high plasma levels of lipophilic protoporphyrins that photoactivate in the skin, causing burning pain and erythema. Protoporphyrins excreted in the bile can cause gallstones, cholestasis, fibrosis, and ultimately liver failure. Management of EPP includes skin protection and afamelanotide, an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog that increases melanin pigment and reduces photoactivation. Liver transplantation may be necessary for severe EPP-induced liver complications. Because AIP and EPP arise from defects in the heme biosynthetic pathway, hematologists are often consulted to evaluate and manage suspected or proven porphyrias. A working knowledge of these disorders increases our confidence and effectiveness as consultants and medical providers.
A Novel and Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1986)

A novel two-step procedure for preparation of pyrrolo [2,3-dlpyrimidines is reported. During the course of our research on the chemistry of p y r i d o [ Z , j -d l p y r i m i d i n e s , 1we Found a novel and general method for preparation of pyrrolo[2,3-dlpyrimidines.Treatment of 1,3-dialkyl-6-alkylaminouracil (1) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in methanol at room temperature afforded dimethyl 2-(1,3-dialkyl-6alkylaminouracil-5-y1)fumalate (zI2 in 30 -40% yield together with small amount
Purification and properties of a cellulase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1977)

A cellulolytic enzyme was isolated from a commercial cellulase preparation form Aspergillus niger. A yield of about 50mg of enzyme was obtained per 100g of commerial cellulase. The isolated enzyme was homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge at pH 4.0 and 8.0, and in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis but showed one major and two minor bands in disc gel electrophoresis. No carbohydrate was associated with the protein. Amino acid analysis revealed that the enzyme was rich in acidic and aromatic amino acids. Data from the amino acid composition and dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated a molecular weight of 26000. The purified enzyme was active towards CM-cellulose, but no activity towards either cellobiose or p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside was detected under the assay conditions used. The pH optimum for the enzyme was pH 3.8-4.0, and it was stable at 25 degrees C over the range pH 1-9; maximum activity (at pH 4.0) was obtained at 45 degrees C. The cellulase was more stable to heat treatment at pH 8.0 than at 4.0. Kinetic studies gave pK values between 4.2 and 5.3 for groups involved in the enzyme-substrate complex.
1929 : California dahlias / (1929)

EachLarge double flowers, full to center, with broad flat, somewhat loosely arranged floral rays with broad points or rounded tips.A1 Koran-A beautiful blossom suffused with golden rod and amber on a long strong stem.... |.50
Stakeholders in supply chain discuss shortages (2010)

Journal Article Stakeholders in supply chain discuss shortages Get access Cheryl A. Thompson Cheryl A. Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 68, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 9–10, https://doi.org/10.2146/news100088 Published: 01 January 2011
Performance of Narrowband Signal Detection under Correlated Rayleigh Fading Based on Synthetic Array (2009)

The performance of a single moving antenna receiver in detecting a narrowband signal under correlated Rayleigh fading is considered. The spatial motion of the antenna during signal capture provides a realization of a synthetic antenna array. As shown, there is a net processing gain obtained by using a synthetic antenna array compared to the equivalent static antenna in Rayleigh fading environments subject to constant processing time. The performance analysis is based on average Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) metrics for design parameters of probability of detection<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>and probability of false alarm<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>. An optimum detector based on Estimator-Correlator (EC) is developed, and its performance is compared with that of suboptimal Equal-Gain (EG) combiner in different channel correlation scenarios. It is shown that in moderate channel correlation scenarios the detection performance of EC and EG is identical. The sensitivity of the proposed method to knowledge of motion parameters is also investigated. An extensive set of measurements based on CDMA-2000 pilot signals using the static antenna and synthetic array are used to experimentally verify these theoretical findings.
Environmental Monitoring by Wireless Communication Networks (2006)

The global spread of wireless networks brings a great opportunity for their use in environmental studies. Weather, atmospheric conditions, and constituents cause propagation impairments on radio links. As such, while providing communication facilities, existing wireless communication systems can be used as a widely distributed, high-resolution atmospheric observation network, operating in real time with minimum supervision and without additional cost. Here we demonstrate how measurements of the received signal level, which are made in a cellular network, provide reliable measurements for surface rainfall. We compare the estimated rainfall intensity with radar and rain gauge measurements.
In vitro hydrolysis of RR,SS‐<i>threo</i>‐methylphenidate by blood esterases—differential and enantioselective interspecies variability (1991)

Enantioselective in vitro hydrolysis of methylphenidate (MPH) by the blood esterases of seven mammalian species is reported. The species included rats, rabbits, dogs, cattle, horses, monkeys, and humans. In vitro incubations up to 8 h were carried out in plasma, red blood cells, and whole blood of the various species. Enantioselective differences were evident among the different species on comparison of the data obtained from the three biological fluids. The esterases present in plasma appeared to show greater activity in the hydrolysis of MPH in all species where comparison with the other two biofluids was possible. Only in the case of humans did esterases present in plasma and red blood cells demonstrate opposite enantioselectivity in the hydrolysis of MPH. Thus after 8 h incubation, the RR-MPH/SS-MPH ratios in plasma and red blood cells were 0.31 and 1.16, respectively.
Integration of Multiple UAVs for Collaborative ISR Missions in an Urban Environment (2012)

Military conflicts are shifting from jungles and deserts to cities. This is because terrorists, insurgents, and guerillas find these areas provide a rich target environment and good hideouts. With the use of UAVs, urban threats can be tracked and targeted effectively. However, in an urban environment where there is little or no GPS signals and many obstacles, navigation of UAVs is a major challenge. Multiple UAVs can be employed to share sensor information to counter these challenges and to perform Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions with greater ground coverage and better success rates. This thesis explored the various types of UAVs deployed for urban operations and investigated the trends of the UAVs in terms of their parameters such as weight, altitude, speed, and sensor suite. The challenges and requirements for interoperability of multi-UAV operations in urban environments were also discussed. A direct-method-based control system for multiple UAV collaboration and obstacle collision avoidance was proposed. The UAVs were able to share and integrate their sensors information for joint cooperation. A dynamic model was developed for the simulation testing of the algorithm. Following that, physical experiment was carried out in an indoor environment on Quanser QBall-X4 UAV to evaluate the results.
THE EFFECTS ON RENAL ACTIVITY OF THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PHLORIZIN IN MAN (1934)

Chasis, Jolliffe and Smith (1) have shown that phlorizin administered intravenously to man, raises the level of the glucose clearance to that of the simultaneous xylose and sucrose clearances, the duration of this effect depending upon the size of the dose. In the largest doses given, the cre- atinine clearance was not significantly affected with respect to the clearances of the non-metabolized sugars.
A Practical Approach to Homo Trialkyl Phosphonates: A Catalytic Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction (1990)

Abstract Homo trialkyl phosphonates are efficiently prepared by iodine catalyzed isomerization of the correspondind homo trialkyl phosphites. The product is isolated by simple distillation.
Resistance Exercise Increases Muscle Protein Synthesis and Translation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2Bϵ mRNA in a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-dependent Manner (2004)

The contribution of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to the resistance exercise-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis was assessed by administering rapamycin to Sprague-Dawley rats 2 h prior to a bout of resistance exercise. Animals were sacrificed 16 h postexercise, and gastrocnemius protein synthesis, mTOR signaling, and biomarkers of translation initiation were assessed. Exercise stimulated the rate of protein synthesis; however, this effect was prevented by pretreatment with rapamycin. The stimulation of protein synthesis was mediated by an increase in translation initiation, since exercise caused an increase in polysome aggregation that was abrogated by rapamycin administration. Taken together, the data suggest that the effect of rapamycin was not mediated by reduced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (BP1), because exercise did not cause a significant change in 4E-BP1(Thr-70) phosphorylation, 4E-BP1-eIF4E association, or eIF4F complex assembly concomitant with increased protein synthetic rates. Alternatively, there was a rapamycin-sensitive decrease in relative eIF2Bepsilon(Ser-535) phosphorylation that was explained by a significant increase in the expression of eIF2Bepsilon protein. The proportion of eIF2Bepsilon mRNA in polysomes was increased following exercise, an effect that was prevented by rapamycin treatment, suggesting that the increase in eIF2Bepsilon protein expression was mediated by an mTOR-dependent increase in translation of the mRNA encoding the protein. The increase in eIF2Bepsilon mRNA translation and protein abundance occurred independent of similar changes in other eIF2B subunits. These data suggest a novel link between mTOR signaling and eIF2Bepsilon mRNA translation that could contribute to the stimulation of protein synthesis following acute resistance exercise.
Synthesis of Dendrimers with a N−Si−C Framework (1999)

A novel family of air-stable dendrimers with a N−Si−C framework has been prepared up to the fourth generation. The divergent synthesis starts with the hydrosilylation of the trisilazane N(SiMe2vinyl)3 [0-G(vinyl)] by HSiMe2Cl, which gives the three-directional core molecule N(SiMe2CH2CH2SiMe2Cl)3 [0-G(Cl)]. A 1-to-2 branching achieved by reacting the core molecule [0-G(Cl)] with 3 equiv of KN(SiMe2vinyl)2 affords the first generation dendrimer [1-G(vinyl)]. By repeating the above two steps, the second [2-G(vinyl)], third [3-G(vinyl)], and fourth generation [4-G(vinyl)] can be obtained. The compounds have been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, by elemental analysis, and up to the third generation by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Gel permeation chromatography was used to prove the fourth generation [4-G(vinyl)].
Preferential Flow in Water‐Repellent Sands (1998)

Abstract Water‐repellent soils occur all over the world and affect both groundwater pollution and crop yield. The finger‐like wetting patterns in these soils have many similarities with unstable wetting fronts in coarse‐grained sandy soils. Our objectives were to study the water movement in water‐repellent sand and to examine how the theory for unstable wetting fronts applies to water‐repellent sands. Infiltration experiments, in which moisture content and matric potentials were measured, were carried out in slab chambers with identical sands but with different levels of water repellence. Soil water characteristics were determined in separate experiments. Infiltration in the hydrophilic soil resulted in a uniform and horizontal front. All water‐repellent sands showed a fingered flow pattern. For negative water‐entry values, water infiltrated without delay. For positive values, water entered the soil only after the depth of the ponded water equaled or exceeded the water‐entry pressure, which increased with increasing repellency. The finger widths predicted with the unstable flow theory agreed rather well with the observed values. In general, the research showed that the wetting patterns of water‐repellent sands depended directly on the soil water characteristic curve. This implies that the type of wetting front and risk to groundwater pollution can be predicted based on laboratory‐measured soil hydraulic properties.
Derivative Delay Embedding: Online Modeling of Streaming Time Series (2016)

The staggering amount of streaming time series coming from the real world calls for more efficient and effective online modeling solution. For time series modeling, most existing works make some unrealistic assumptions such as the input data is of fixed length or well aligned, which requires extra effort on segmentation or normalization of the raw streaming data. Although some literature claim their approaches to be invariant to data length and misalignment, they are too time-consuming to model a streaming time series in an online manner. We propose a novel and more practical online modeling and classification scheme, DDE-MGM, which does not make any assumptions on the time series while maintaining high efficiency and state-of-the-art performance. The derivative delay embedding (DDE) is developed to incrementally transform time series to the embedding space, where the intrinsic characteristics of data is preserved as recursive patterns regardless of the stream length and misalignment. Then, a non-parametric Markov geographic model (MGM) is proposed to both model and classify the pattern in an online manner. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superior classification accuracy of the proposed DDE-MGM in an online setting as compared to the state-of-the-art.
Three‐Dimensional Hierarchical GeSe<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures for High Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors (2012)

Highly flexible stacked and in-plane all-solid-state supercapacitors are fabricated on 3D hierarchical GeSe2 nanostructures with high performance, and, when configured as a self-powered photodetector nanosystem, can be used to power CdSe nanowire photodetectors.