gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot Plant Scale Vacuum Distillation of Liquid Steel to Remove Copper (1979)

Experiments in a 3m3 vacuum chamber (3–20 Pa pressure) have confirmed that vacuum distillation of copper from liquid steel is feasible but that refining times are considerably longer in large (> 1 m3.) systems than in bench scale (≍ 10−3 m3) systems. 80–100% of an initial copper content of 1–3 wt.% can be eliminated from 20 kg steel melts in 1.5–3 h.The predominate factor causing the slow rates is the presence of a surface film on the melt. This film appears to originate during melt down as a consequence of air leakage into large vacuum chambers. Leakages of air during the distillation itself do not adversely affect refining rates because metal oxidation occurs remote from the melt surface at a vapour-oxygen flame front. The vapour phase oxidation might in fact enhance refining rate by providing a "sink" for metal vapours.A considerable proportion of condensation takes place on the melt container walls. This might lead to refluxing of metal back into the melt causing a low apparent rate of evaporation. Résumé Des experiences, conduites dans une enceinte à vide de 3m3 et sous une pression de 3 à 20 Pa, ont confirmé que l'elimination du cuivre par distillation sous vide de l'acier liquide était possible mais que les temps d'affinage sont beaucoup plus longs dans de grands dispositifs (> 1 m3) qu'a l'échelle du laboratoire (10−3 m3). 80 à 100% de la quantité initiale de cuivre—1 à 3% en poids–peut être éliminés de 20kg d'acier fondu en 1.5 à 3 h.Le facteur préponderant dans la cause de la cinétique lente est la présence d'un film superficiel sur le bain. Ce film semble prendre naissance lors de la fusion par suite d'entrées d'air dans les grandes enceintes avide. Les fuites au cours de la distillation elle même n'affectent pas la cinétique d'affinage car l'oxydation du métal se produit alors loin de la surface du bain, sur un front de combustion vapeur–oxygéne. L'oxydation de la phase gazeuse pourrait en fait accélerer l'affinage en crèant un puits pour les vapeurs metalliques.Une fraction considérable de la condensation a lieu sur les parois du récipient contenant le bain liquide. Ceci pourrait conduire à un retour du métal dans le bain entrainant ainsi une faible cinétique apparente d'évaporation.
Cardiac CD47 Drives Left Ventricular Heart Failure Through Ca <sup>2+</sup> ‐CaMKII‐Regulated Induction of HDAC3 (2014)

These data identify a proximate role for the TSP1-CD47 axis in promoting LVHF by CaKMII-mediated up-regulation of HDAC3 and suggest novel therapeutic opportunities.
Testing Quantum Coherence in Stochastic Electrodynamics with Squeezed Schrödinger Cat States (2019)

The interference pattern in electron double-slit diffraction is a hallmark of quantum mechanics. A long-standing question for stochastic electrodynamics (SED) is whether or not it is capable of reproducing such effects, as interference is a manifestation of quantum coherence. In this study, we used excited harmonic oscillators to directly test this quantum feature in SED. We used two counter-propagating dichromatic laser pulses to promote a ground-state harmonic oscillator to a squeezed Schrödinger cat state. Upon recombination of the two well-separated wavepackets, an interference pattern emerges in the quantum probability distribution but is absent in the SED probability distribution. We thus give a counterexample that rejects SED as a valid alternative to quantum mechanics.
Growth of Lanthanum Manganate Buffer Layers for Coated Conductors via a Metal-Organic Decomposition Process (2005)

Perovskite LaMnO/sub 3/ (LMO) in thin film embodiment has been identified as a potential candidate for use as a buffer layer in coated conductors. This paper delineates the process-properties relationships investigated for the metal-organic decomposition (MOD) growth of LMO thin films on bare cube-textured Ni-W tape sections. Epitaxial films of pseudocubic perovskite LMO were obtained for samples fired at 1100/spl deg/C in a humidified forming gas (Ar/4% H/sub 2/, P/sub H2O//spl sim/2 Torr) ambient atmosphere. The surface morphology, epitaxy, and composition of the films are reported.
Design, Modeling, Control, and Application of Everting Vine Robots (2020)

In nature, tip-localized growth allows navigation in tightly confined environments and creation of structures. Recently, this form of movement has been artificially realized through pressure-driven eversion of flexible, thin-walled tubes. Here we review recent work on robots that "grow" via pressure-driven eversion, referred to as "everting vine robots," due to a movement pattern that is similar to that of natural vines. We break this work into four categories. First, we examine the design of everting vine robots, highlighting tradeoffs in material selection, actuation methods, and placement of sensors and tools. These tradeoffs have led to application-specific implementations. Second, we describe the state of and need for modeling everting vine robots. Quasi-static models of growth and retraction and kinematic and force-balance models of steering and environment interaction have been developed that use simplifying assumptions and limit the involved degrees of freedom. Third, we report on everting vine robot control and planning techniques that have been developed to move the robot tip to a target, using a variety of modalities to provide reference inputs to the robot. Fourth, we highlight the benefits and challenges of using this paradigm of movement for various applications. Everting vine robot applications to date include deploying and reconfiguring structures, navigating confined spaces, and applying forces on the environment. We conclude by identifying gaps in the state of the art and discussing opportunities for future research to advance everting vine robots and their usefulness in the field.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery (2010)

The relationship between urinary NGAL and AKI after cardiac surgery varies with baseline renal function, with optimal discriminatory performance in patients with normal preoperative function.
GRAND computer conferencing-what have we learned? (2003)

GRANDiose, a distributed application system running on cooperating servers throughout a computer network, is presented. Its purpose is to enhance, broaden, and speed the transfer of information among people by using the power of computers and the connective breadth of computer networks. The initial design of its computer conferencing application and some of the thinking behind the design are discussed. The comments received from users over a three-year period are categorized and analyzed. Some of the significant observations are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of fully synthetic promoters for high‐level gene expression in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2013)

ABSTRACT Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial organism that is widely used in the production of amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. To extend its product spectrum and improve productivity, C. glutamicum needs to undergo further engineering, including the development of applicable promoter system. Here, we isolated new promoters from the fully synthetic promoter library consisting of 70‐bp random sequences in C. glutamicum . Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter, highly fluorescent cells were screened from the library by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). Twenty potential promoters of various strengths were isolated and characterized through extensive analysis of DNA sequences and mRNA transcripts. Among 20 promoters, 6 promoters which have different strengths were selected and their activities were successfully demonstrated using two model proteins (antibody fragment and endoxylanase). Finally, the strongest promoter (P H36 ) was employed for the secretory production of endoxylanase in fed‐batch cultivation, achieving production levels of 746 mg/L in culture supernatant. This is the first report of synthetic promoters constructed in C. glutamicum , and our screening strategy together with the use of synthetic promoters of various strengths will contribute to the future engineering of C. glutamicum . Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2959–2969. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing the diagnostic quality of ECGs in mobile environments (2015)

As the leading cause of deaths worldwide, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has imposed a serious burden onto society. Being reactive in approach, the current healthcare infrastructure struggles to address the problem properly. In contrast, a proactive approach can offer better disease management by predicting impending episodes. The key to the proactive approach is remote continuous monitoring. Traditional long-term monitoring faces serious challenges in transmission as data must be sent out continuously for further processing, leading to short battery life of the sensor node and defying the very notion of continuous monitoring. However, with intelligent signal processing algorithms, signal analysis may directly take place at the sensor node itself. Hence one does not need to transmit data until abnormality is detected. This in turn may save the energy at the sensing node and therefore preserve the notion of continuous monitoring.<br/><br/>In this thesis, we first investigate the automated feature detection of Electrocardiogram (ECG) fiducial points by proposing two different algorithms based on time-domain morphology and gradient, as well as time-frequency-domain with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) respectively. Secondly, to tolerate the possible misdetection errors from ECG fiducial points detection algorithms, we investigate spectral energy as a feature for normal and abnormal ECG classification in feature calculation, as well as statistical analysis of its variation and classification performance under worst-case misdetection. Our exploration shows that spectral energy mostly manages to tackle misdetection error and shows better classification performance than wave duration-based classification. Thirdly, we explore the possibility of adding more time and frequency domain features for enhancing the classification accuracy. Different levels of improvements in classification performance can be observed with respect to the classification models and number of ECG leads involved. Finally, hardware architecture is proposed to integrate spectral energy calculation and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifier for an on-body ECG classifier. Verification and power estimation of the system is carried out and shown to be efficient for on-body ECG normal and abnormal classification.<br/>
Purification and characterization of a sea squirt beta-galactosidase. (1991)

A beta-galactosidase was extracted from the internal organs of a sea squirt, Styela plicata, and purified 959-fold, with an 18% yield, by successive gel chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing, and affinity chromatography on a Con A-Sepharose column. The purified enzyme was fairly homogeneous, as judged on disc PAGE, SDS-PAGE, and gel chromatography on a Sephadex G-200 column. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 77,000 and 75,000 by gel chromatography and SDS-PAGE, respectively, and its isoelectric point was determined to be 4.9 by the isoelectric focusing method. The enzyme was substantially stable in the pH range of 3.5 to 7.5, the optimum pH being 4.0. The enzyme was significantly inhibited by 9 mM HgCl2 and 9 mM DFP, while the inhibition by 0.9% PCMB was only 60% at 0 degrees C for 30 min. The purified beta-galactosidase apparently liberated galactose from a sea squirt antigen (H-antigen), two allergenically active glycopeptides (Gp-1 and Gp-2) derived from another sea squirt antigen (Gi-rep), asialo-ovomucoid glycopeptide, asialo-fetuin glycopeptide, GA1, CDH, and an ABEE-derivative (Gal beta 1----3ThrNAc-ABEE) of Gal beta 1----3GalNAc-ol isolated from bovine submaxillary gland mucin.
The PRK2 Kinase Is a Potential Effector Target of both Rho and Rac GTPases and Regulates Actin Cytoskeletal Organization (1997)

The Ras-related Rho family GTPases mediate signal transduction pathways that regulate a variety of cellular processes. Like Ras, the Rho proteins (which include Rho, Rac, and CDC42) interact directly with protein kinases, which are likely to serve as downstream effector targets of the activated GTPase. Activated RhoA has recently been reported to interact directly with several protein kinases, p120 PKN, p150 ROK alpha and -beta, p160 ROCK, and p164 Rho kinase. Here, we describe the purification of a novel Rho-associated kinase, p140, which appears to be the major Rho-associated kinase activity in most tissues. Peptide microsequencing revealed that p140 is probably identical to the previously reported PRK2 kinase, a close relative of PKN. However, unlike the previously described Rho-binding kinases, which are Rho specific, p140 associates with Rac as well as Rho. Moreover, the interaction of p140 with Rho in vitro is nucleotide independent, whereas the interaction with Rac is completely GTP dependent. The association of p140 with either GTPase promotes kinase activity substantially, and expression of a kinase-deficient form of p140 in microinjected fibroblasts disrupts actin stress fibers. These results indicate that p140 may be a shared kinase target of both Rho and Rac GTPases that mediates their effects on rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton.
Cultivation of<i>Babesia</i>and<i>Babesia</i>-Like Blood Parasites: Agents of an Emerging Zoonotic Disease (2002)

Babesia and its close relatives are members of a group of organisms called piroplasms, a name which comes from their pear-shaped outlines. Long associated with blood diseases of cattle and other mammals, members of the genus Babesia have been recognized since the 1950s as infectious agents in humans. Species of this protozoan blood parasite that have routinely been isolated from mice (B. microti) or cattle (B. divergens) have also been isolated from humans. In addition to these familiar species, new isolates that resist being placed in existing taxonomic categories are the basis for rethinking their phylogenetic relationships based on sequencing data. The parasite represents a threat to the safety of the blood supply in that blood from asymptomatic humans can transmit Babesia to blood recipients. Such transmissions have occurred. The development of methods for cultivation of these organisms represents a significant opportunity to study their biology and disease potential. In addition, in vitro cultivation has provided a basis for studying immune responses of mammals to these infectious agents, with the hope of ultimately producing attenuated strains that could be used for immunizing of cattle and, perhaps, humans who live in areas of endemicity. The microaerophilous stationary phase culture technique, which uses a tissue culture medium base supplemented with appropriate serum and erythrocytes, has made it possible to obtain large numbers of parasitized erythrocytes for studying the biology of this parasite.
Characterization of tire impact on the pavement behaviour (2004)

The paper presents research conducted following an investigation carried out by the Quebec Ministry of Transportation's Roadwork Service on the effects of tire width. The study looked at the impact of tires on the surface layer of pavement and the pavement behaviour as a result of this impact. The strains at a depth of 25 mm in the pavement, at the base of the pavement, and at the top of the subgrade were measured. Measurements were taken over two seasons representative of conditions prevailing in Quebec, in spring and in summer. Three parameters, the type of tire, the inflation pressure of the tire, and finally the load, were varied. The amplitude of damage produced by the circulation of a vehicle was then quantified to evaluate and compare the overall impact of various types of tires on pavement according to the various configurations.Key words: pavement, surface layer, tire, interface, strain.
The Synthesis and Cyclization of α-Methylamino-β-(4-carboxy-3-indole)-propionic Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Cyclization of α-Methylamino-β-(4-carboxy-3-indole)-propionic AcidFrederick C. Uhle and Louis S. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 102–109Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microwave spectral analysis based on photonic compressive sampling with random demodulation (2012)

In this Letter, we present a photonic compressive sampling scheme based on optical sampling and random demodulation for microwave spectral analysis. A novel (to our knowledge) approach to realizing the multiplication of a pseudorandom binary sequence and the input microwave signal of interest in the optical domain is proposed, which largely simplifies the implementation of the compressive sampling. A spectrally sparse signal can be successfully captured by an electrical digitizer with a sampling rate much lower than the Nyquist rate with the help of random demodulation and the sparse reconstruction algorithm. Identification of the signals with multiple frequency components is successfully demonstrated.
Polymer-derivatized Proteins: Analytical and Preparative Problems (1997)

Derivatization of proteins and peptides with polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) is now a relatively common approach used to solve many of the problems of using these agents as pharmaceuticals. These constructs raise a range of analytical, preparative, and other problems. The stochastic nature of coupling reactions using activated polymers that can bind covalently at more than one site on the target means that mixtures of polymern-protein with a range of n values are produced. Preparation of products with a unique n value is not usually necessary when a mild coupling method which conserves biological activity over several values of n (e.g. the PolyMASC method) is used. However, it is important to monitor the reaction precisely and to evaluate the relative proportions of the different products accurately. Applying a range of standard analytical procedures (gelpermeation chromatography, SDS-PAGE, reverse-phase liquid chromatography and capillary-zone electrophoresis) we have found some discrepancies between the different methods, particularly with respect to their capacity to give an accurate estimate of the extent to which modified products contain residual unmodified material. Different techniques can give remarkably varied values. This difference between techniques is protein specific and probably reflects variation in the distribution of the polymer chains on the surface of the target molecule. This and other properties of different coupling methods might impact on the functionality of the polymer-protein conjugate. Physicochemical characterization therefore needs to be performed by multiple analytical techniques and accompanied by biological assays since polymer chain number is not the only factor in biological and pharmacological performance.
TV clips (2009)

The explosion in content availability, coupled with the diversity in consumption devices, has fragmented the market. Users need new mechanisms for content discovery and navigation, while providers and advertisers need new ways to analyze and monetize usage. In this paper, we advocate 'social bookmarking' as a solution, given its proven utility in enabling affinity-based discovery online. But, adapting such web-centric ideas to rich media consumption raises technical and business challenges. With TV Clips, we introduce a system that tackles these concerns for broadcast television with extensibility to 3-screen usage. We describe the initial architecture and prototype, and discuss its evolution to support product-centric requirements like scalability and rights management. A secondary goal is to share our experiences in developing this prototype for a commercial environment (i.e., TV) and motivate further research in adapting 'social search' strategies to such media-rich domains.
Identification of two new hydrophobic residues on basic fibroblast growth factor important for fibroblast growth factor receptor binding (1998)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of vascular and connective diseases. A key step in the discovery of bFGF receptor antagonists to mitigate these actions is to define the functional epitopes required for receptor binding of the growth factor. Using structure-based site-directed mutagenesis, two critical areas on the bFGF surface for the high affinity receptor binding have already been identified [Springer, B.A., Pantoliano, M.W., Barberal, F.A., Gunyuzlu, P.L., Thompson, L.D., Herblin, W.F., Rosenfeld, S.A. and Book, G.W. (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 269, 26879-26884; Zhu, H.Y., Ramnarayan, K., Anchin, J., Miao, Y., Sereno, A., Millman, L., Zheng, J., Balaji, V.N. and Wolff, M.E. (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270, 21869-21874; Zhu, H.Y., Anchin, J., Ramnarayan, K., Zheng, J., Kawai, T., Mong, S. and Wolff, M.E. (1997) Protein Engng, 10, 417-421]. According to these studies, one receptor binding site includes two polar residues Glu96 and Asn104 on bFGF whereas the other includes four hydrophobic residues Tyr24, Tyr103, Leu140 and Met142. Using a protein modelling technique, we report here the identification of a new hydrophobic patch on bFGF which includes residues Tyr73, Val88 and Phe93. The role of this area on receptor binding affinity was evaluated by mutating each of these residues individually and determining the mutated protein's (mutein's) receptor binding affinity. In addition, we examined the role of two other hydrophobic residues, Phe30 and Leu138, on bFGF for high-affinity receptor binding. These two residues are the neighbors of the hydrophobic residues Tyr24 and Tyr103, respectively. Replacement of Val88 and Phe93 with alanine reduced the receptor binding affinity about 10- and 80-fold, respectively, compared with wild-type bFGF. In contrast, substitution of Phe30 and Leu138 with alanine has no effect on the receptor binding affinities. We conclude that the newly identified hydrophobic residues, Val88 and Phe93, are crucial for the receptor binding. The present data, together with the previous identification of four hydrophobic residues (Tyr24, Tyr103, Leu140 and Met142), suggests that there are two hydrophobic receptor binding sites on the bFGF surface. Our findings can be employed in the discovery and design of potent bFGF antagonists using computational methods.