gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a standardized mouse model of hepatic fibrosis for biomedical research (2014)

Liver injury causes nodule and scar tissue formation and diffuse fibrosis, which are characteristic of liver cirrhosis. Since there are currently no efficacious therapies to prevent fibrosis, the development of animal models of liver fibrosis is necessary to facilitate further in vivo studies of this pathology. In this study, a mouse model of liver fibrosis was generated using Swiss mice and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment. Induction of liver fibrosis was analyzed using 0.8, 1.0, or 1.2 mL/kg CCl4 to determine the effective dose. In this study, we aimed to develop a standardized hepatic fibrosis mouse model by using CCl4 induction to facilitate further studies in this field. In Swiss mice, we evaluated the dose of CCl4 and the criteria of fibrosis, such as serum markers, fibrosis marker genes, and histopathology. Mice were administered CCl4 three times per week for 8 consecutive weeks. Body weights, survival rates, levels of serum markers (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase [AST/ALT]) and fibrosis markers (fibronectin, procollagen, nt5e, transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β], and integrin), and histopathology (using hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining) were analyzed to determine the optimal dose of CCl4 for induction of liver fibrosis. Results showed that 1.0 mL/kg CCl4 was the most efficient dose for the establishment of a liver fibrosis mouse model. In a standardized liver fibrosis model, mice were treated with 1.0 mL/kg CCl4 three times per week for 11 consecutive weeks, and levels of serum markers (AST, ALT, bilirubin, and albumin), expression of fibrosis marker genes (using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), histopathology (using Hematoxylin and eosin staining), and connective tissue formation (using Massive trichrome staining) were analyzed. The outcomes showed that serum markers and the levels of fibrosis marker genes were significantly increased in the standardized liver fibrosis model. Additionally, we observed sharp increases in fibronectin and procollagen expression (1222.40 ± 4.20 and 241.35 ± 1.18, respectively), and the development of cirrhosis (fibrosis stage 3–5/6) in liver tissues of the standardized mouse model of hepatic fibrosis.
Protein Characterization of a Candidate Mechanism SNP for Crohn's Disease: The Macrophage Stimulating Protein R689C Substitution (2011)

High throughput genome wide associations studies (GWAS) are now identifying a large number of genome loci related to risk of common human disease. Each such locus presents a challenge in identifying the relevant underlying mechanism. Here we report the experimental characterization of a proposed causal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a locus related to risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The SNP lies in the MST1 gene encoding Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP), and results in an R689C amino acid substitution within the β-chain of MSP (MSPβ). MSP binding to the RON receptor tyrosine kinase activates signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response. We have purified wild-type and mutant MSPβ proteins and compared biochemical and biophysical properties that might impact the MSP/RON signaling pathway. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding studies showed that MSPβ R689C affinity to RON is approximately 10-fold lower than that of the wild-type MSPβ and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) showed that the thermal stability of the mutant MSPβ was slightly lower than that of wild-type MSPβ, by 1.6 K. The substitution was found not to impair the specific Arg483-Val484 peptide bond cleavage by matriptase-1, required for MSP activation, and mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments of the mutated protein showed that the free thiol introduced by the R689C mutation did not form an aberrant disulfide bond. Together, the studies indicate that the missense SNP impairs MSP function by reducing its affinity to RON and perhaps through a secondary effect on in vivo concentration arising from reduced thermodynamic stability, resulting in down-regulation of the MSP/RON signaling pathway.
Different every time: A framework to model real-time instant message conversations (2017)

As startups and micro teams adopt real-time collaborative instant messaging solutions, a wealth of data is generated from day to day usage. Making sense of this data can be a challenge to teams, given the lack of inbuilt analytical tooling. In this study we model the distributions of duration, inter-arrival time, word count and user count of real-time electronic chat conversations in a framework, where these distributions can be used as an analogue to service time estimation of problem determination. Using both an enterprise and an open-source dataset, we answer the question of what distribution family and fitting techniques can be used to adequately model real-time chat conversations. Our framework can help startups and micro teams alike to effectively model their real-time chat conversations to allow high value decisions to be made based on their collaboration outputs.
Precision comparison of surface temperature measurement techniques for GaAs ICs (1993)

Surface temperature measurement technology for GaAs integrated circuits (ICs) is considered. The three predominant techniques are examined and their precision compared quantitatively. Although infrared microscopy is found to be more imprecise than was previously believed, a measurement procedure with high accuracy based on the diode drop technique (an electrical method) and the transition point technique (a liquid crystal method) is established. The latter has been determined to have a precision as great as +or-2 degrees C for measuring the actual hot spot of nonsealed GaAs ICs. The former is the only method which is useful for sealed ICs. Although it cannot provide actual hot spot information, an accurate temperature with at most +or-1 degrees C error has been obtained at 15 mu m from the spot by utilizing small (3.0 mu m by 1.5 mu m) diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE REACTION OF 2-CHLOROCYCLOHEXANONE WITH GRIGNARD REAGENTS AND THE REARRANGEMENT OF THE RESULTING CHLOROHYDRINS (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF 2-CHLOROCYCLOHEXANONE WITH GRIGNARD REAGENTS AND THE REARRANGEMENT OF THE RESULTING CHLOROHYDRINSR. L. HUANGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 8, 1363–1369Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01373a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01373a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Paste Extrusion of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Fine Powder Resins (2002)

Abstract The rheology of non‐melt processible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pastes has been studied using a capillary rheometer. It was found that fibrils of submicron dimensions are created during PTFE paste processing, which are responsible for the final strength of the extrudate. The mechanism of fibrillation is explained in terms of the unwinding of crystallites. To describe the effects of die design, a simple mathematical model has been developed. The model takes into account the elastic‐plastic (strain hardening) and viscous nature of the material in its non‐melt state. The model predictions are found to be consistent with experimental results obtained from macroscopic pressure drop measurements and flow visualization experiments.
Pulse saturation of APD application circuit and the solution (2009)

The saturation from APD application circuit due to a large-signal pulse laser input was proved in the experiments,due to the lifetime of the carriers and limits from carriers release speed.A novel circuit solution presented in the paper was demonstrated to depress the influence.By means of acceleration the release of both the photon-generated carrier and the avalanche multiplication carrier,the application circuit still met expected level amplitude response from the small signal.The method could be useful to increase the short-range detection scope of laser range finder.
Comparison of Agar Dilution, Disk Diffusion, MicroScan, and Vitek Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods to Broth Microdilution for Detection of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Isolates of the Family <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (1999)

Fluoroquinolone resistance appears to be increasing in many species of bacteria, particularly in those causing nosocomial infections. However, the accuracy of some antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for detecting fluoroquinolone resistance remains uncertain. Therefore, we compared the accuracy of the results of agar dilution, disk diffusion, MicroScan Walk Away Neg Combo 15 conventional panels, and Vitek GNS-F7 cards to the accuracy of the results of the broth microdilution reference method for detection of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance in 195 clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from six U.S. hospitals for a national surveillance project (Project ICARE [Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology]). For ciprofloxacin, very major error rates were 0% (disk diffusion and MicroScan), 0.9% (agar dilution), and 2.7% (Vitek), while major error rates ranged from 0% (agar dilution) to 3.7% (MicroScan and Vitek). Minor error rates ranged from 12.3% (agar dilution) to 20.5% (MicroScan). For ofloxacin, no very major errors were observed, and major errors were noted only with MicroScan (3.7% major error rate). Minor error rates ranged from 8.2% (agar dilution) to 18.5% (Vitek). Minor errors for all methods were substantially reduced when results with MICs within +/-1 dilution of the broth microdilution reference MIC were excluded from analysis. However, the high number of minor errors by all test systems remains a concern.
A simple output feedback PD controller for nonlinear cranes (2002)

A simple output feedback PD controller is proposed that stabilizes a nonlinear crane. Global asymptotic stability is achieved at any equilibrium point specified by the controller. The control scheme relies solely on the winches position and velocity and hence no cable angle measurement, or no direct measurement of the load position, is needed. The controller can be extended to many different kinds of existing cranes.
xCT inhibition sensitizes tumors to γ-radiation via glutathione reduction (2018)

About 3 million US cancer patients and 1.7 million EU cancer patients received multiple doses of radiation therapy (RT) in 2012, with treatment duration limited by normal adjacent tissue damage. Tumor-specific sensitization could allow treatment with lower radiation doses, reducing normal tissue damage. This is a longstanding, largely unrealized therapeutic goal. The cystine:glutamate exchanger xCT is expressed on poor prognosis subsets of most solid tumors, but not on most normal cells. xCT provides cells with environmental cystine for enhanced glutathione synthesis. Glutathione is used to control reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are therapeutic effectors of RT. We tested whether xCT inhibition would sensitize xCT<sup>+</sup> tumor cells to ionizing radiation. We found that pretreatment with the xCT inhibitor erastin potently sensitized xCT<sup>+</sup> but not xCT<sup>-</sup> cells, <i>in vitro</i> and in xenograft. Similarly, targeted gene inactivation also sensitized cells, and both modes of sensitization were overcome by glutathione supplementation. Sensitization prolongs DNA damage signaling, increases genome instability, and enhances cell death, revealing an unforeseen role for cysteine in genome integrity maintenance. We conclude that an xCT-specific therapeutic would provide tumor-specific sensitization to RT, allowing treatment with lower radiation doses, and producing far fewer side effects than other proposed sensitizers. Our data speaks to the need for the rapid development of such a drug.
Vision-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Navigation Using Geo-Referenced Information (2009)

This paper investigates the possibility of augmenting an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation system with a passive video camera in order to cope with long-term GPS outages. The paper proposes a vision-based navigation architecture which combines inertial sensors, visual odometry, and registration of the on-board video to a geo-referenced aerial image. The vision-aided navigation system developed is capable of providing high-rate and drift-free state estimation for UAV autonomous navigation without the GPS system. Due to the use of image-to-map registration for absolute position calculation, drift-free position performance depends on the structural characteristics of the terrain. Experimental evaluation of the approach based on offline flight data is provided. In addition the architecture proposed has been implemented on-board an experimental UAV helicopter platform and tested during vision-based autonomous flights.
Synthesis of monoclinic monazite, LaPO4, by direct precipitation (2009)

The direct synthesis of LaPO4 and La0.96Sr0.04PO4monazite using nitrates and phosphoric acid to produce uniform and non-agglomerated monazite powders without the formation of any intermediate hydrated rhabdophane phase (LaPO4·½H2O) is described.
Rheological Measurements by AFM of the Formation of Polymer Nanofibers (2008)

After a comprehensive taxonomic assessment of descriptions/ illustrations of all known (118) species of the spider mite genus <i>Schizotetranychus</i> Trägårdh (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), five species groups are proposed based on the number of tactile setae on tibia II in female, i.e., <i>vermiculatus</i> with four setae (four spp.), <i>schizopus</i> with five setae (52 spp.), <i>spireafolia</i> with six setae (10 spp.), <i>asparagi</i> with seven setae (20 spp.), and <i>bambusae</i> with eight setae on tibia II (22 spp.). The species group <i>schizopus</i> is further divided into three species subgroups based on tactile setae on tibia I: <i>schizopus</i> with eight/ nine setae (21 spp.), <i>andropogoni</i> with seven setae (26 spp.), and <i>taquarae</i> with six tactile setae excluding the solenidion on tibia I (five spp.). Eight <i>Schizotetranychus</i> species were not assigned to any species group because of brief descriptions and/ or illustration and without information on the number of tactile setae on tibiae I and II. Moreover, two <i>Schizotetranychus</i> species, <i>S.gausus</i> Baker & Pritchard and <i>S.luculentus</i> Tseng that have six setae/ structures including a spinneret and a solenidion on the palp tarsus, are provisionally transferred to the genus <i>Stigmaeopsis</i> Banks. Finally, keys to species groups and subgroups of the world species of <i>Schizotetranychus</i> are provided.
The impact of China's investment increase in fixed assets on ecological environment: an empirical analysis (2011)

In this paper, sequential data for 1990-2009 in China is used to conduct empirical analysis of impact of China's fixed assets investment increase on ecological environment. The results show that China's fixed asset investment has longterm stable correlation with economic growth, energy consumption, industrial wastewater and solid waste emissions. China's rapid growth in fixed asset investment, particularly irrational investment structure is important reason for severely damaged ecological environment; Economic growth and high energy consump tion cause the same impact on deterioration of the ecological environment. Therefore, control of investment in fixed asset and development of energy saving and green economy is the key in the further reform.
Prevention by nicotinamide of desensitization to thyrotropin stimulation in cultured human thyroid cells. (1981)

The presence of 50 mM nicotinamide together with 100 milliunits/ml of TSH in the incubation medium prevented the decline in human thyroid cell cAMP from maximum, stimulated levels (15-30 min) that occurs when the cells are exposed to TSH alone. Nicotinamide in the absence of TSH did not increase thyroid cell cAMP content. TSH desensitization, and its prevention by nicotinamide, occurred in the presence or absence of 3-isobutyl-methylxanthine. 1-Methyl nicotinamide and N'-methyl nicotinamide similarly prevented TSH desensitization. Recovery from TSH desensitization was prolonged and incomplete after 72 h. The presence of 50 mM nicotinamide hastened recovery from desensitization. Desensitization of the cAMP response to 10(6) M prostaglandin E1 and 1 mM adenosine was unaffected by nicotinamide. Other inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity, 5-bromouridine, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, and thymidine (all at 50 mM) completely or partially prevented TSH desensitization. Pyridoxine (50 mM) similarly prevented this phenomenon. As with dog thyroid cells, 10(-4) M cycloheximide blocked TSH desensitization. The combination of 10(-4) M cycloheximide and 50 mM nicotinamide had a synergistic effect in augmenting the thyroid cell cAMP response to TSH stimulation.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule aptamer functionalized PLGA-lecithin-curcumin-PEG nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (2014)

To improve the efficacy of drug delivery, active targeted nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are gaining considerable attention as they have the potential to reduce side effects, minimize toxicity, and improve efficacy of anticancer treatment. In this work CUR-NPs (curcumin-loaded lipid-polymer-lecithin hybrid nanoparticles) were synthesized and functionalized with ribonucleic acid (RNA) Aptamers (Apts) against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) for targeted delivery to colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. These CUR-encapsulated bioconjugates (Apt-CUR-NPs) were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation, stability, and release. The in vitro specific cell binding, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of Apt-CUR-NPs were also studied. The Apt-CUR-NP bioconjugates exhibited increased binding to HT29 colon cancer cells and enhancement in cellular uptake when compared to CUR-NPs functionalized with a control Apt (P<0.01). Furthermore, a substantial improvement in cytotoxicity was achieved toward HT29 cells with Apt-CUR-NP bioconjugates. The encapsulation of CUR in Apt-CUR-NPs resulted in the increased bioavailability of delivered CUR over a period of 24 hours compared to that of free CUR in vivo. These results show that the EpCAM Apt-functionalized CUR-NPs enhance the targeting and drug delivery of CUR to colorectal cancer cells. Further development of CUR-encapsulated, nanosized carriers will lead to improved targeted delivery of novel chemotherapeutic agents to colorectal cancer cells.
High-Dose Sirolimus and Immune-Selective Pentostatin plus Cyclophosphamide Conditioning Yields Stable Mixed Chimerism and Insufficient Graft-versus-Tumor Responses (2015)

Immune-selective PC conditioning represents a new approach to safely achieve alloengraftment without neutropenia. However, allogeneic T cells generated ex vivo in sirolimus are not resistant to the tolerance-inducing effects of in vivo sirolimus drug therapy, thereby cautioning against use of this intervention in patients with refractory cancer.
A.C. Polarography Employing Operational Amplifier Instrumentation. Evaluation of Instrument Performance and Application to Some New A.C. Polarographic Techniques. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA.C. Polarography Employing Operational Amplifier Instrumentation. Evaluation of Instrument Performance and Application to Some New A.C. Polarographic Techniques.D. E. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 12, 1811–1820Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60205a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60205a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FAST SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION FROM MAGNITUDE SPECTROGRAM OF CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED ON SPECTROGRAM CONSISTENCY (2014)

The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can be seen as a filterbank having logarithmic frequency subbands spacing similar to the human auditory system. Thus, to make computers imitate the significant functions of the human auditory system, one promising approach would be to model, analyze and process magnitude spectrograms given by the CWT. To realize this approach, we must be able to convert a processed or modified magnitude CWT spectrogram, which contains no information about the phase, into a time domain signal specifically for those applications in which the aim is to generate audio signals. To this end, this paper proposes a fast algorithm for estimating the phase from a given magnitude CWT spectrogram to reconstruct an audio signal. The experimental results revealed that the proposed algorithm was around 100 times faster than a conventional algorithm, while the reconstructed signals obtained with the proposed algorithm had almost the same audio quality as those obtained with the previous study.
<i>In situ</i> controlled fabrication of stacks of high-Tc intrinsic Josephson junctions (1997)

Stacked series arrays of intrinsic Josephson (IJ) tunnel junctions have been fabricated on the surfaces of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystals using photolithography and Ar-ion milling together with in situ monitoring of the resulting current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The number of unit-cell-sized junctions in the stack (along the c-axis) may be varied from 1–5 to ∼200 in a controlled way. The c-axis resistivity ρc, estimated from the resistance of an individual tunnel junction is ≈30 Ω cm at 90 K. The temperature dependence ρc(T)∝ exp(Λ/T) with Λ≈43 meV, suggesting thermally activated hopping mechanism of transport in the c-axis direction.
A monolithic 12b 3 µ s ADC (1982)

This report will cover a bipolar chip (140×152 mils) which contains a monotonic untrimmed 12b DAC, comparator, bandgap voltage reference, successive approximation register, three-state outputs and control logic for microprocessor interfacing.