gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentially Private Generative Adversarial Networks for Time Series, Continuous, and Discrete Open Data (2019)

Open data plays a fundamental role in the 21th century by stimulating economic growth and by enabling more transparent and inclusive societies. However, it is always difficult to create new high-quality datasets with the required privacy guarantees for many use cases. This paper aims at creating a framework for releasing new open data while protecting the individuality of the users through a strict definition of privacy called differential privacy. Unlike previous work, this paper provides a framework for privacy preserving data publishing that can be easily adapted to different use cases, from the generation of time-series to continuous data, and discrete data; no previous work has focused on the later class. Indeed, many use cases expose discrete data or at least a combination between categorical and numerical values. Thanks to the latest developments in deep learning and generative models, it is now possible to model rich-semantic data maintaining both the original distribution of the features and the correlations between them. The output of this framework is a deep network, namely a generator, able to create new data on demand. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach on real datasets from the French public administration and classic benchmark datasets.
Matching Neuromorphic Events and Color Images via Adversarial Learning (2020)

The event camera has appealing properties: high dynamic range, low latency, low power consumption and low memory usage, and thus provides complementariness to conventional frame-based cameras. It only captures the dynamics of a scene and is able to capture almost "continuous" motion. However, different from frame-based camera that reflects the whole appearance as scenes are, the event camera casts away the detailed characteristics of objects, such as texture and color. To take advantages of both modalities, the event camera and frame-based camera are combined together for various machine vision tasks. Then the cross-modal matching between neuromorphic events and color images plays a vital and essential role. In this paper, we propose the Event-Based Image Retrieval (EBIR) problem to exploit the cross-modal matching task. Given an event stream depicting a particular object as query, the aim is to retrieve color images containing the same object. This problem is challenging because there exists a large modality gap between neuromorphic events and color images. We address the EBIR problem by proposing neuromorphic Events-Color image Feature Learning (ECFL). Particularly, the adversarial learning is employed to jointly model neuromorphic events and color images into a common embedding space. We also contribute to the community N-UKbench and EC180 dataset to promote the development of EBIR problem. Extensive experiments on our datasets show that the proposed method is superior in learning effective modality-invariant representation to link two different modalities.
Near Infrared Light Reduces Oxidative Stress and Preserves function in CNS Tissue Vulnerable to Secondary Degeneration following Partial Transection of the Optic Nerve (2010)

Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is accompanied by the spreading damage of secondary degeneration, resulting in further loss of neurons and function. Partial transection of the optic nerve (ON) has been used as a model of secondary degeneration, in which axons of retinal ganglion cells in the ventral ON are spared from initial dorsal injury, but are vulnerable to secondary degeneration. We have recently demonstrated that early after partial ON injury, oxidative stress spreads through the ventral ON vulnerable to secondary degeneration via astrocytes, and persists in the nerve in aggregates of cellular debris. In this study, we show that diffuse transcranial irradiation of the injury site with far red to near infrared (NIR) light (WARP 10 LED array, center wavelength 670 nm, irradiance 252 W/m(-2), 30 min exposure), as opposed to perception of light at this wavelength, reduced oxidative stress in areas of the ON vulnerable to secondary degeneration following partial injury. The WARP 10 NIR light treatment also prevented increases in NG-2-immunopositive oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that occurred in ventral ON as a result of partial ON transection. Importantly, normal visual function was restored by NIR light treatment with the WARP 10 LED array, as assessed using optokinetic nystagmus and the Y-maze pattern discrimination task. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that 670-nm NIR light can reduce oxidative stress and improve function in the CNS following traumatic injury in vivo.
<title>Removal of adsorbed gases with CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> snow</title> (1991)

During the outgassing of orbiting astronomical observatories, the condensation of molecular species on optical surfaces can create difficulties for astronomers. The problem is particularly severe in ultraviolet astronomy where the adsorption of only a few atomic layers of some substances can be very damaging. In this paper the removal of adsorbed atomic layers using carbon dioxide snow is discussed. The rate of removal of adsorbed layers of isopropyl alcohol, Freon TF, and deionized distilled water on Teflon substrates was experimentally determined. The removal of fingerprints (containing fatty acids such as stearic acid) from optical surfaces is also demonstrated. The presence and rate of removal of the multilayers was monitored by detecting the molecular dipole field of adsorbed molecular species. For isopropyl alcohol, Freon TF (trichlorotrifluoroethane), and water adsorbed multilayers were removed in under 1.5 seconds. Fingerprint removal was much more difficult and required 20 seconds of spraying with a mixture of carbon dioxide snow flakes and atomized microdroplets of isopropyl alcohol.
3D Printing Design for Minimizing Flection Phenomenon (2014)

3D 프린터는 3D도면을 입력받아 적층가공 방식으로 재료를 쌓아 원하는 제품을 제작하는 프린터이다. 3D 프린터는 다양한 입체 제품을 출력할 수 있고, 짧은 시간 내에 제품 출력이 가능하여 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 이러한 3D 프린터는 다양한 종류의 출력방식과 재료가 있는데 본 논문에서는 이중 ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)수지를 녹여 쌓는 FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling)방식을 고려한다. 이 방식을 사용한 3D 프린터는 고온에서 제품을 출력하여 짧은 시간 내에 냉각이 진행되는데, 이 과정에서 출력물의 크기나 주변 환경의 상태에 따라서 휘어짐 현상이 발생한다. 이러한 휘어짐 현상을 최소화하기 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 방법은 온도를 적정선으로 유지해주는 방식이다. 이 방식은 온도 유지를 위한 추가적인 장비가 필요하여 본 논문에서는 휘어짐 현상을 최소화하기 위한 3D 프린팅 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 제품의 최초설계 시 휘어짐 위치를 고려하여 적당한 구멍(홈)을 생성시켜 출력하는 방법을 기반으로 한다. 제안된 방법에 대한 수학적 모델을 제시하고, 성능평가를 위해 일반적인 방식을 사용한 출력물과 제안된 방법으로 설계한 출력물을 측정하고 분석한다. 3D printer is based on an additive manufacturing technology, which helps in creating the three-dimensional object using a 3D drawing. It is used in various fields, because it prints out a variety of three-dimensional products in a short period of time. In this paper, we consider a technique using the FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) method by dissolving the ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) resin among a diversity of printing technique and materials. This kind of the 3D printer prints out a product in high temperature and cools down it. In this process, a flection phenomenon is occurred according to the size of the printing product and the surrounding environment. Conventional methods for mitigating this phenomenon maintain the temperature at the optimum level, but they require using additional devices. In order to minimize the flection phenomenon in 3D printing products without additional devices, in this paper, we propose a noble technique, which creates holes on suitable positions when they are designed by 3D drawing tools. Also, we suggest mathematical model for the proposed method, and measure and analyse a printing output using a proposed technique.
Radial Collapse of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced by the Cu<sub>2</sub>O Surface (2009)

We studied the radial collapse of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the Cu2O surface using molecular dynamic simulations. When the diameter of CNTs exceeds a threshold, the CNTs approach the Cu2O surface and collapse spontaneously by the van der Waals force between the CNTs and the Cu2O surface. Because the collapsed CNTs are much more like graphenes, this collapse process of CNTs seems the reverse process of folding graphene nanoribbons to form CNTs. The collapsed CNTs exhibit as linked graphene ribbons and have the largest area to contact with the Cu2O surface, which greatly enhances adhesion between the CNTs and the Cu2O surface and keeps the system much more stable. Due to the hydrophobic properties of CNTs, the collapsed CNTs on the oxide surface can isolate the metal oxide from water solution, which suggests that the collapsed CNTs on the metal oxide surfaces have potential applications in corrosion protection and scale inhibition fields.
Electron field emission from polymer films treated by a pulsed ultraviolet laser (2001)

The poly(phenylcarbyne) polymer films were coated on silicon substrates and then irradiated by a pulsed ultraviolet laser (λ=248 nm) with various fluences (1–60 mJ/cm2) at an atmospheric pressure of nitrogen. The structures of the resulted films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The morphologies of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electron field emission properties of the films as cathodes were studied. Raman spectrum analysis and SEM results indicate that the polymer film is converted to nanoparticle carbon film with the laser fluence from 10 to 60 mJ/cm2. The conversion mechanism from the polymer to nanoparticle carbon and electron field emission mechanism from the converted carbon film is discussed. The converted carbon film showed better field emission properties, i.e., lower turn-on threshold emission field, higher emission current density, and higher emission light spot density with increasing laser fluence from 10 to 50 mJ/cm2. By increasing the laser fluence from 50 to 60 mJ/cm2, the emission property showed a slight degradation. A turn-on threshold emission field of 1.8 V/μm (at 1 nA/cm2) and emission current density of 30 mA/cm2 with an emission light spot density of 104/cm2 (at 14 V/μm) were observed for the polymer film irradiated with a fluence of 50 mJ/cm2. Circular and multiple-line field emission patterns are demonstrated using the laser irradiation of the poly(phenylcarbyne) polymer.
Functional expression of the Chlorella hexose transporter in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1990)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells were transformed with an S. pombe expression vector containing a full-length cDNA of the Chlorella hexose transporter. The transformed cells accumulated 3-O-methylglucose up to 10-fold, whereas wild-type S. pombe and control transformants could only equilibrate this sugar analogue. In a pH-jump experiment, in which extracellular pH was lowered by 1.9 units, the accumulation ratio was increased in transformed cells but not in control cells. This result indicates that the gene product, Chlorella H+/glucose-symporter protein, and a pH gradient suffice for active sugar uptake. Km values for glucose, 6-deoxyglucose, and 3-O-methylglucose of 1.5 x 10(-5) M, 2.7 x 10(-4) M, and 1.0 x 10(-3) M, respectively, were identical in Chlorella and in S. pombe cells transformed with Chlorella cDNA and approximately 100-fold lower than those of the endogenous transport system of S. pombe.
Reductive Retrofunctionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

As if nothing had happened: A detailed mechanistic investigation of the nucleophilic addition of organolithium reagents onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) revealed that the initial functionalization step is part of an equilibrium. Consequently, the functionalization of the sidewalls of SWCNTs is reversible, and the introduced substituents can be detached easily by reduction.
High-frequency, silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles using multiple Fourier horns (2004)

This paper presents the design, simulation, and characterization of microfabricated 0.5 MHz, silicon-based, ultrasonic nozzles. Each nozzle is made of a piezoelectric drive section and a silicon resonator consisting of multiple Fourier horns, each with half wavelength design and twice amplitude magnification. Results of finite element three-dimensional (3-D) simulation using a commercial program predicted existence of one resonant frequency of pure longitudinal vibration. Both impedance analysis and measurement of longitudinal vibration confirmed the simulation results with one pure longitudinal vibration mode at the resonant frequency in excellent agreement with the design value. Furthermore, at the resonant frequency, the measured longitudinal vibration amplitude at the nozzle tip increases as the number of Fourier horns (n) increases in good agreement with the theoretical values of 2(n). Using this design, very high vibration amplitude gain at the nozzle tip can be achieved with no reduction in the tip cross-sectional area for contact of liquid to be atomized. Therefore, the required electric drive power should be drastically reduced, decreasing the likelihood of transducer failure in ultrasonic atomization.
Selective D-1 dopamine receptor agonist effects in hyperkinetic extrapyramidal disorders. (1989)

The motor and cognitive effects of a selective D-1 dopamine receptor agonist, SKF 39393, were assessed in patients with Huntington's disease, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and torsion dystonia, using a double-blind placebo-controlled design. Over daily doses ranging from 3.2 to 32 mg/kg and treatment intervals extending from one to seven weeks, no consistent changes could be discerned. The contribution of D-1 receptor mediated mechanisms to the pathophysiology of hyperkinetic extrapyramidal disorders remains uncertain.
The ASK1-specific inhibitors K811 and K812 prolong survival in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure. To develop effective treatments for this devastating disease, an appropriate strategy for targeting the molecule responsible for the pathogenesis of ALS is needed. We previously reported that mutant SOD1 protein causes motor neuron death through activation of ASK1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Additionally, we recently developed K811 and K812, which are selective inhibitors for ASK1. Here, we report the effect of K811 and K812 in a mouse model of ALS (SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice). Oral administration of K811 or K812 significantly extended the life span of SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice (1.06 and 1.08% improvement in survival). Moreover, ASK1 activation observed in the lumbar spinal cord of mice at the disease progression stage was markedly decreased in the K811- and K812-treated groups. In parallel, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that K811 and K812 treatment inhibited glial activation in the lumbar spinal cord of SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. These results reinforce the importance of ASK1 as a therapeutic target for ALS treatment.
Neighborhood-Aware Address Translation for Irregular GPU Applications (2018)

Recent studies on commercial hardware demonstrated that irregular GPU workloads could bottleneck on virtual-to-physical address translations. GPU's single-instruction multiple-thread (SIMT) execution can generate many concurrent memory accesses, all of which require address translation before accesses can complete. Unfortunately, many of these address translation requests often miss in the TLB, generating many concurrent page table walks. In this work, we investigate how to reduce address translation overheads for such applications. We observe that many of these concurrent page walk requests, while irregular from the perspective of a single GPU wavefront, still fall on neighboring virtual page addresses. The address mappings for these neighboring pages are typically stored in the same 64-byte cache line. Since cache lines are the smallest granularity of memory access, the page table walker implicitly reads address mappings (i.e., page table entries or PTEs) of many neighboring pages during the page walk of a single virtual address (VA). However, in the conventional hardware, mappings not associated with the original request are simply discarded. In this work, we propose mechanisms to coalesce the address translation needs of all pending page table walks in the same neighborhood that happen to have their address mappings fall on the same cache line. This is almost free; the page table walker (PTW) already reads a full cache line containing address mappings of all pages in the same neighborhood. We find this simple scheme can reduce the number of accesses to the inmemory page table by 37% on average. This speeds up a set of GPU workloads by an average of 1.7×.
Speech dereverberation by data-dependent beamforming with signal pre-whitening (2015)

Among different microphone array processing techniques, data-dependent beamforming has been proven to be effective in suppressing ambient noise. When applied for dereverberation, however, the adaptation process results in a biased estimate of the beamformer coefficients leading to strong distortions at the beamformer output. In this paper, we investigate the origin of this bias for the generalized sidelobe canceller. It is shown that an unbiased estimate of the beam-former coefficients and thus dereverberation can be achieved if the source signal is a white random signal. Based on these findings, a pre-whitening approach for speech signals is proposed and combined with a generalized sidelobe canceller for speech dereverberation. The concept is demonstrated for the case of stationary speech-shaped noise as a source signal.
Levelling the playing field: games handicapping (2006)

Imagine the look on your ten year old sons face having just been totally annihilated by an over zealous big brother/father combination in Halo-2. Ignoring the fact that he may be scarred for life by this experience, his whole attitude towards the enjoyment of multiplayer games is tarnished.

This is the experience of many multiplayer gamers, they purchase a game and having gotten to grips with the key-strokes and combination moves decide to join an online game server. They are completely destroyed by players who have been playing the game for the past three week's non-stop, no eating, no drinking just playing the game, the so-called game experts. This puts the whole regime of online community in jeopardy.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse possible algorithms to develop a handicapping system which would allow a newbie to compete with an expert in a multiplayer environment and both still achieve a satisfying game. In addition a series of simulated handicapped Halo-2 games are analysed to assess one form of handicapping and provide a forum for discussion of other approaches with experienced players.

Finally, a new algorithm is postulated which would provide suitable co-operative play without losing challenge.
Comparing Matched Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells Made by Solution-Sequential Processing and Traditional Blend Casting: Nanoscale Structure and Device Performance (2014)

Polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell active layers can be created by traditional blend casting (BC), where the components are mixed together in solution before deposition, or by sequential processing (SqP), where the pure polymer and fullerene materials are cast sequentially from different solutions. Presently, however, the relative merits of SqP as compared to BC are not fully understood because there has yet to be an equivalent (composition- and thickness-matched layer) comparison between the two processing techniques. The main reason why matched SqP and BC devices have not been compared is because the composition of SqP active layers has not been accurately known. In this paper, we present a novel technique for accurately measuring the polymer:fullerene film composition in SqP active layers, which allows us to make the first comparisons between rigorously composition- and thickness-matched BHJ organic solar cells made by SqP and traditional BC. We discover that, in optimal photovoltaic devices, SqP active layers have a very similar composition as their optimized BC counterparts (≈44–50 mass % PCBM). We then present a thorough investigation of the morphological and device properties of thickness- and composition-matched P3HT:PCBM SqP and BC active layers in order to better understand the advantages and drawbacks of both processing approaches. For our matched devices, we find that small-area SqP cells perform better than BC cells due to both superior film quality and enhanced optical absorption from more crystalline P3HT. The enhanced film quality of SqP active layers also results in higher performance and significantly better reproducibility in larger-area devices, indicating that SqP is more amenable to scaling than the traditional BC approach. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis absorption, and energy-filtered transmission electron tomography collectively show that annealed SqP active layers have a finer-scale blend morphology and more crystalline polymer and fullerene domains when compared to equivalently processed BC active layers. Charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurements, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, also show that the top (nonsubstrate) interface for SqP films is slightly richer in PCBM compared to matched BC active layers. Despite these clear differences in bulk and vertical morphology, transient photovoltage, transient photocurrent, and subgap external quantum efficiency measurements all indicate that the interfacial electronic processes occurring at P3HT:PCBM heterojunctions are essentially identical in matched-annealed SqP and BC active layers, suggesting that device physics are surprisingly robust with respect to the details of the BHJ morphology.
Low voltage time based CMOS active pixel sensor (2008)

This paper proposes a low voltage time based CMOS active pixel sensor (TBAPS). The TBAPS applies the ramp signal to the pixel and performs the charge-to-time conversion in the pixel. The readout circuit detects the moment of event rather than reading the voltage signal. The proposed TBAPS improves the detection of the low illumination signal compared with the conventional TBAPS. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides 1 V signal range with a 1.5 V power supply voltage and 22% fill factor of 2.2 mum pixel pitch in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology.
Production of colony-stimulating factor(s) for granulocyte-macrophage and multipotential (granulocyte/erythroid/megakaryocyte/macrophage) hematopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-GEMM) by clonal lines of human IL-2-dependent T-lymphocytes. (1984)

Human T-lymphocyte lines that were selected for recognition of HLA-DR6 antigen and were dependent for growth in vitro on an added source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were derived from the peripheral blood of normal individuals. Each was tested for production of a lymphokine(s) with properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) using as target cells nonadherent cells from human long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) or fresh marrow. Each of eight T-lymphocyte lines that were OKT3, OKT4, and HLA-DR positive produced GM-CSF that stimulated colony formation by both LTBMC cells and fresh marrow. Individually examined single-cell-derived bone marrow colonies growing in T-cell GM-CSF contained peroxidase-positive neutrophils, and macrophage-monocytes (GM-CFUc). Supernatant from a single-cell-derived T-cell clonal line designated F1 stimulated formation of granulocyte-macrophage colonies, megakaryocyte colonies, macroscopic erythroid bursts, and multipotential colonies containing erythroid cells, megakaryocytes, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes, and monocyte-macrophages (CFU-GEMM) in the presence of added erythropoietin. These data indicate that human IL-2-responsive T-lymphocytes produce lymphokine(s) that stimulate proliferation of primitive as well as committed hematopoietic stem cells, and implicate human T-lymphocytes in regulation of human multipotential hematopoietic stem cells in vivo.