gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seedless Growth of Free-Standing Copper Nanowires by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2004)

Free-standing copper nanowires were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition process at low substrate temperatures using Cu(etac)[P(OEt)3]2 as a precursor. The process requires neither templates nor catalysts to produce copper nanowires of 70-100 nm in diameter, which exhibited high purity and crystallinity with [111] orientation. The grain structures of the films deposited from a series of Cu(I) alkyl 3-oxobutanoate complexes indicated that the high precursor stability was responsible for the columnar growth of the grains, which was evolved to the nanowires eventually.
Zeolite sorbent that effectively removes mercury from flue gases (2002)

The measurement and control of mercury (Hg) emissions from utility power plants continue to be the subjects of much study. In a programme funded by the Department of Energy, Physical Sciences Inc (PSI) has developed a Hg sorbent using a zeolite material with a proprietary agent for improved capture of elemental as well as oxidized Hg. Joseph R Morency, Thomai Panagiotou & Constance L Senior present some promising laboratory results.
An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of HPV16(+) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2019)

The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). Although whole-genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses have identified altered signaling pathways in HPV-induced HNSCCs, additional tools are needed to investigate the unique pathobiology of OPSCC. Herein, bioinformatics analyses of human HPV(+) HNSCCs revealed that all tumors express full-length E6 and identified molecular subtypes based on relative E6 and E7 expression levels. To recapitulate the levels, stoichiometric ratios, and anatomic location of E6/E7 expression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model whereby balanced expression of E6/E7 is directed to the oropharyngeal epithelium. The addition of a mutant PIK3CA<sup>E545K</sup> allele leads to the rapid development of pre-malignant lesions marked by immune cell accumulation, and a subset of these lesions progress to OPSCC. This mouse provides a faithful immunocompetent model for testing treatments and investigating mechanisms of immunosuppression.
Thermal stability of nickel silicide films in submicron p-type polysilicon lines (2002)

In this work, we found that very low resistivity NiSi can be thermally stable and is independent of linewidth for deep submicron p-type poly-Si lines up to 700-750/spl deg/C for 0.5 and 1 hr annealing, and for linewidths as narrow as 0.2-0.1 /spl mu/m. It widens the thermal budget windows and process tolerance for NiSi and further suggests that NiSi is a very promising contact material candidate for future ULSI devices.
Compressing Electrical Power Grids (2010)

In this paper we apply the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis to examining the coupling structure of an electrical power grid in order to highlight opportunities for reducing the network traffic, by identifying what are the salient data that need to be communicated between parts of the infrastructure to apply a control action. Our main finding is that typical grid admittance matrices have singular values and vectors with only a small number of strong components. The SVD sparsity can be exploited to construct an efficient decentralized system-wide monitoring and control architecture. We also discuss the potential applications of the proposed architecture and its robustness under contingency; and experiment the SVD analysis with the NYISO-2935 system and the IEEE-300 system.
Reagent control over the size, uniformity, and composition of Co–Fe–O nanoparticles (2008)

Cobalt–iron–oxide (Co–Fe–O) nanoparticles have been prepared by the thermal decomposition in benzyl ether of Fe(acac)3 and Co(acac)2 in the presence of a mixture of oleic acid and oleylamine templating (surface capping) ligands, and 1,2-hexadecanediol (HDD) as an accelerating agent. The Co percentage may be tuned by adjusting the amount of Co(acac)2 precursor without influencing the average particle size or particle size distribution. Counter to prior reports the presence of the HDD accelerating agent results in broader nanoparticle diameter distribution; however, for the smallest average sizes a small amount of HDD appears to be beneficial. The effects of changes in the templating ligand concentration and the relative amounts of oleic acidversusoleylamine have been investigated to optimize particle size distribution. Dilution of all the reagents is detrimental to particle size control. Our method for producing 5 nm Co–Fe–O nanoparticles with narrow distributions has reduced the amount of HDD while simultaneously reducing the reaction time.
Predicting the Ninety-Fifth Percentile Dust Environment for Passenger Vehicles in the Continental United States (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of this work is define the ninety fifth percentile dust environment of passenger car and truck customers in the continental U.S.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The sources of airborne dust particulates are discussed in detail. The procedure used to define this environment uses data obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), vehicular testing, and customer usage statistics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The EPA data is used to determine naturally occurring dust levels. Emphasis is on naturally occurring or background particulates, dust storm activity, and annual number of rain days. It is used to determine the ninety fifth percentile dust environment for passenger cars and trucks in the continental U.S.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The vehicular testing was conducted at the GM Proving Grounds in Mesa, AZ, which is in Maricopa county. Using dust collecting samplers, we are able to show that vehicular generated particulates are a definable and repeatable amount.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Customer usage statistics were collected on drivers around the United States. Three different surveys were used to determine percent of kilometers driven on dirt and gravel roads as percent of total. Five categories of customers were developed; luxury car, intermediate car, vans, trucks, and small trucks.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">From this information a methodology is demonstrated that predicts the quantity of airborne particulate a vehicle will encounter during 160,900 KM of operation.</div>
Genetic and immunologic characterization of a novel serotype 4, 15 strain of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2000)

The porin proteins of Neisseria meningitidis are important components of outer membrane protein (OMP) vaccines. The class 3 porin gene, porB, of a novel serogroup B, serotype 4, 15 isolate from Chile (Ch501) was found to be VR1-4, VR2-15, VR3-15 and VR4-15 by porB variable region (VR) typing. Rabbit immunization studies using outer membrane vesicles revealed immunodominance of individual PorB (class 3) VR epitopes. The predominant anti-Ch501 PorB response was directed to the VR1 epitope. Anti-PorB VR1 mediated killing was suggested by the bactericidal activity of Ch501 anti-sera against a type 4 strain not expressing PorA or class 5 OMPs. Studies that examine the molecular epidemiology of individual porB VRs, and the immune responses to PorB epitopes, may contribute to the development of broadly protective group B meningococcal vaccines.
Multimodal Speaker Localization In A Probabilistic Framework (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Sensitivity-Enhanced Transmission Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

Transmission Raman sensitivity for a representative commercial pharmaceutical tablet was increased by a factor of 40 using optics that returned lost laser and Raman photons to the tablet surface. A new achromatic one-way mirror is introduced that uses the spatial coherence of laser light to nondestructively force laser photons through the reflective tablet coating. Transmission Raman mapping and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) mapping were developed and used to better understand the sensitivity-enhancement technology. Fundamental limitations of the sensitivity-enhancement approach are described and used to guide the design of the optics. The sensitivity-enhancement optics are compatible with commercial transmission Raman instruments.
Developing a restaurant revenue-management strategy (1999)

Propounding theories is one thing, but too often the intended beneficiary hasn't the time or tools to check their usefulness. Here's a case where researchers worked with a local restaurant to test their ideas, make recommendations for improvement, and track the results.
Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera) Oil and Evaluation as Biodiesel (2011)

Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared in high yield by transesterification of osage orange (Maclura pomifera L.) seed oil. The crude oil was extracted using supercritical CO2 and was initially treated with mineral acid and methanol to lower its content of free fatty acids, thus rendering it amenable to homogeneous, alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. The principle components identified in osage orange methyl esters (OOMEs) were methyl linoleate (76.4%), methyl oleate (11.9%), methyl palmitate (7.0%), and methyl stearate (2.4%). As a result of the high content of methyl linoleate, OOMEs exhibited cetane number (44.9) and induction period (IP; 2.4 h) values below the ranges specified in the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The addition of 500 ppm tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) resulted in a higher IP (6.4 h) compliant with the biodiesel standards. Furthermore, the high content of methyl linoleate resulted in an iodine value (IV; 144 g of I2/100 g) in excess of the maximum limit specified in EN 14214. The acid value (AV), glycerol content, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, phosphorus content, and sulfur content of OOMEs were within the limits prescribed in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. In addition, data collected for density, lubricity, and energy content were typical for biodiesel fuels. The cold-flow properties of OOMEs were superior to those reported for several other biodiesel fuels. Also investigated were B5 and B20 blends of OOMEs in petrodiesel, which yielded AVs, kinematic viscosities, moisture contents, sulfur contents, lubricities, and densities within the limits prescribed in the petrodiesel standards. The addition of 500 ppm TBHQ to the blends resulted in IPs above the minimum thresholds specified in ASTM D7467 and EN 590. In summary, osage orange seeds provide a low-cost, non-food, high-oil-producing feedstock suitable for production of biodiesel.
Improving network video quality with delay cognizant video coding (2002)

Delay critical network video like videoconferencing requires bandwidth reservations higher than the long-term average rate in order to accommodate its bursty traffic output. While prior research contributed to the estimation of the required bandwidth, which is often known as the effective bandwidth, few if any of the previous work attempted to make use of the rate gap (residual bandwidth) between the average and effective rates. In this paper, we presented an application of delay cognizant video coding (DCVC) to improve the quality of network video by using this residual bandwidth. DCVC generates two compressed video flows with differential delay requirements, one delay-critical flow at the average rate to establish an initial presentation and the second delay-relaxed flow at the residual rate to improve its quality. At no additional cost to end users, significant quality improvement can be achieved and it is demonstrated through both objective and subjective measures of a simulated network video connection.
Zur ambivalenten Reaktivität des <i>O</i>‐Acetylsalicylsäurechlorids (1974)

Abstract In Übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen russischer Autoren 1) wurde eine ambivalente Reaktivität des U‐Acetylsalicylsäurechlorids (1) mit nucleophilen Partnern festgestellt. Es gelang erstmals, die cyclische Zwischenstufe 6 als Hexachloroantimonat 11 zu fassen. In zahlreichen Fällen konnten, bei Wahl geeigneter Reaktionsbedingungen, cyclische Produkte 13 isoliert werden.
Biofilm formation by<i>Candida albicans</i>mutants for genes coding fungal proteins exhibiting the eight-cysteine-containing CFEM domain (2006)

Several features and functions of a Candida albicans gene, PGA10 (also designated as RBT51), coding for a putative polypeptide species belonging to a subset of fungal proteins containing an eight-cysteine domain referred as CFEM (Common in several Fungal Extracellular Membrane proteins), are described. The ORF of the gene (ORF19.5674) encoded a protein of 250 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 25.17 kDa. The product of the PGA10 gene also exhibited some features reminiscent of a class II-type hydrophobin. Deletion of PGA10 resulted in a cascade of pleiotropic effects, mostly affecting cell-surface-related properties. Thus, the null pga10Delta mutant displayed an increased sensitivity to cell-wall-perturbing agents and formed fragile biofilms that appeared partially split and weakly attached to the substratum. The biofilm-forming ability of several C. albicans mutants with single, double and triple deletions of genes encoding other protein species also containing the CFEM domain (RBT5 and WAP1/CSA1) was determined. These mutants also exhibited an abnormal ability to form biofilms. Overall, the evidence presented here suggests that fungal proteins containing the CFEM domain (Pga10p/Rbt51p, Rbt5p and Wap1p/Csa1p) may play a key role in the formation, development and/or maintenance of the biofilm structure in C. albicans.
Nutrient recommendations for wound healing. (2002)

Current knowledge about nutritional therapy and wound healing in humans is presented in this review. Recommendations for vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, protein, arginine, and water, as well as their roles in wound healing, are discussed. Where available, scientific data supporting each recommendation are included, along with assessment methods. A brief overview of the wound healing process is presented.
Accuracy in optical overlay metrology (2016)

In this paper we discuss the mechanism by which process variations determine the overlay accuracy of optical metrology. We start by focusing on scatterometry, and showing that the underlying physics of this mechanism involves interference effects between cavity modes that travel between the upper and lower gratings in the scatterometry target. A direct result is the behavior of accuracy as a function of wavelength, and the existence of relatively well defined spectral regimes in which the overlay accuracy and process robustness degrades (`resonant regimes’). These resonances are separated by wavelength regions in which the overlay accuracy is better and independent of wavelength (we term these `flat regions’). The combination of flat and resonant regions forms a spectral signature which is unique to each overlay alignment and carries certain universal features with respect to different types of process variations. We term this signature the `landscape’, and discuss its universality. Next, we show how to characterize overlay performance with a finite set of metrics that are available on the fly, and that are derived from the angular behavior of the signal and the way it flags resonances. These metrics are used to guarantee the selection of accurate recipes and targets for the metrology tool, and for process control with the overlay tool. We end with comments on the similarity of imaging overlay to scatterometry overlay, and on the way that pupil overlay scatterometry and field overlay scatterometry differ from an accuracy perspective.
Large-area, three-dimensional interconnected graphene oxide intercalated with self-doped polyaniline nanofibers as a free-standing electrocatalytic platform for adenine and guanine (2013)

In this work, we prepared large-area, three-dimensional interconnected graphene oxide (GNO) intercalated by self-doped polyaniline nanofibers (SPAN, a copolymer of aniline and m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) through a simple adsorption and intercalation route via sonication of the mixed dispersions of both components. The strong π-π* stacking between the backbones of SPAN and the GNO basal planes, and the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged SPAN and graphene oxide sheets yield a unique free-standing, three-dimensional interconnected nanostructure. The nanocomposite possesses a large specific surface area and maintains a homogenous and stable dispersion with SPAN, which endows it with a high conductivity and good electrocatalytic activity. Because the negative charge and specific structure of the nanocomposite can prompt the adsorption of positively charged guanine and adenine via strong π-π* interactions or electrostatic adsorption, the hybrid was adopted as an excellent sensing platform for highly sensitive determination of guanine and adenine. The electrocatalytic platform exhibited some advantages, such as high sensitivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability.
[A and B apoproteins and serum lipids in clinically healthy males]. (1982)

Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), Apoprotein A (Apo A) and Apoprotein B (Apo B) were determined in 125 healthy male subjects (bank clerks), aged 20-59 years, in order to screen risk factors of atherosclerosis (ATS) in our population. TC, TG, LDL-C and Apo B increase with aging, while HDL-C and Apo A do not. HDL-C correlates inversely with LDL-C, Apo B ad TG and positively with Apo A. LDL-C, TC and TG show a positive correlation with Apo A. Weight index, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP) negatively affect HDL-C levels which present a positive relation with alcohol intake. Apo B, TC and TG are, moreover, significantly increased by smoking and body weight. A multiple linear regression analysis choosing HDL-C and Apo B as dependent variables indicates that Apo A, TG, SBP, age and alcohol consumption are the attributes mostly associated with HDL-C while TC, smoking, Apo A and SBP are the independent variables which best explain total variance of Apo B. It is worth noting, in this respect, the effect of smoking on Apo B: such a result could provide a further explanation of the well-known connection between smoking and ATS.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2015)

The diagnosis of IBS relies on the identification of characteristic symptoms and the exclusion of other organic diseases. Management of patients with IBS is optimized by an individualized, holistic approach that embraces dietary, lifestyle, medical, and behavioral interventions.
The Talent War [Associate Editor?s View] (2011)

In response to the "Thousand Talents Plan," a newly devised policy by the China Central Government to attract talent worldwide, local governments all over the country are eager to find candidates, especially established senior managers, technical experts, and full professors in developed countries. To encourage 2,000 highly talented Chinese students and expatriates to return from overseas in the coming five to ten years, the Thousand Talents Plan offers perks such as government subsidized medical care, housing, and income tax benefits, in addition to a relocation package of 1 million reminbi (US$146,000) per person. As of May 2010, the program had already recruited 662 people. However, a reverse brain drain is about to start, as the recent financial crisis has placed significant pressure on employers in developed countries to retain their talent. The timing could not be better for China. The talent war has just begun.
A Chimeric AtMYB23 Repressor Induces Hairy Roots, Elongation of Leaves and Stems, and Inhibition of the Deposition of Mucilage on Seed Coats in Arabidopsis (2005)

We reported previously that a chimeric repressor, in which a transcription factor was fused to the EAR motif repression domain, acted as a dominant repressor and suppressed the expression of target genes, such that resultant phenotypes were similar to those associated with loss-of-function alleles. We report here that expression of the chimeric AtMYB23 repressor induced a variety of morphological changes, namely the ectopic formation of root hairs, a short primary root, elongation of leaves and of inflorescence stems, and absence of the accumulation of mucilage on seed coats, in addition to disruption of the development of trichomes. The short primary root and the elongation of leaves and stems appeared to be due to the reduced and enhanced lengthwise expansion, respectively, of epidermal cells. Expression of the GL2 gene, which is involved in the formation of root hairs and the accumulation of mucilage, was suppressed in both the roots and siliques of the transgenic plants. In contrast, the expression of genes related to cell elongation, such as DWF1, SAUR, AQP, AGP15, DET3 and XET-1, was enhanced in leaves of the transgenic plants. Results suggest that the AtMYB23 transcription factor has the molecular function of regulating the development of epidermal cells not only in leaves but also in stems, roots and seeds. We describe that this type of chimeric repressor can be exploited as a useful tool for the functional analysis of redundant transcription factors.
High performance squarylium dyes for high‐tech use (2001)

The syntheses of various squarylium dyes are reviewed in this paper. Possible applications of these dyes are also discussed, including their electrochromic, electroluminescence, electrophotographic and metal ion sensing properties.
Math-Based Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Car: Side Impact Protection (2002)

This study used finite element models to assess potential benefits of selected unconventional features implemented in this study for occupant protection in side impact. These features include door lockdown, gullwing door with a corrugated aluminum panel and cross-car beams. The intrusion and intrusion velocity of the B-pillar were used as the parameters for measuring side impact protection performance. No attempt was made here to assess manufacturablity, design feasibility, mass implications or market interest.
논문 : 제품디자이에 있어서 유사성 분류방법에 관한 연구 - 자동차의 형태를 중심으로 - (1998)

그 동안 수많은 과학적 연구방법들이 디자인에 적용되어 왔다. 이러한 디자인 연구방법의 적용은 실무에 매우 유용하게 활용되고 있지만 그것은 본질적인 디자인 이론은 아니었다. 본 논문은 범주와 유사성에 기초를 두고 가시적인 새로운 제품군의 모델을 설명하기 위한 실험적 이론으로 사용하고자 한다. 이러한 형태들은 제품군과 특징적으로 위치한 샘플공간에 있어 인지되는 위치를 정의하는 방법으로 구별된다. 
본 연구에서는 제품디자인에 있어서 유사성 판단에 관한 실험을 통해 같은 제품집단의 형태적 특성을 고찰한다. 따라서, 본 논문은 형태를 인지하는데 매우 필요하고, 샘플군에 속한 각각의 제품들을 특징별로 지각하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다.
Wide-dynamic-range promoters engineered for cyanobacteria (2013)

The non-native inducible promoters developed in the present study are ready to be used to further explore the notion of custom designed cyanobacterial cells in the complementary frameworks of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.