Intervertebral Disk Diseases: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis (1981)

1 Introduction 2 History and terminology History Terminology Anatomy and pathology Clinical syndromes 3 Epidemiology Lifetime prevalence Point and annual prevalence Localization and frequency International figures 4 General anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics Development of the intervertebral disk Anatomy Fine structure and biochemistry Biomechanics The disk and the intervertebral joints Therapeutic approaches 5 Non-degenerative disk diseases Developmental disturbances Inflammatory and infectious disorders Tumors Involvement of the intervertebral disks by systemic illness 6 Diskosis Definition Classification Etiology Pathogenesis Biochemical changes of aging The biomechanical basis of disk tissue displacement Effects on the osmotic system Instability of the motion segment Prediscotic deformities 7 Traumatology Etiologies and types of spinal injury, and the role of preexisting degenerative changes Sprains of the motion segment Isolated traumatic disk rupture Vertebral body fracture with injury of the intervertebral disk 8 Pain: its pathogenesis and chronification Local and radiating pain Nerve supply of the spine The foramino-articular region Discogenic pain Spine deformities without pain Pain arising from the posterior longitudinal ligament Radicular pain Intervertebral joint pain (facet syndrome, pseudoradicular syndrome) Muscle pain Combined types of pain Nociception and chronification Chronification Pharmacological pain therapy 9 Cervical syndrome Definition and prevalence Special anatomy and physiology of the cervical motion segments Biomechanics Special pathoanatomy and pathophysiology Clinical features of cervical syndromes General differential diagnosis Classification of cervical syndromes Treatment of cervical syndromes Special patient exercises, rehabilitation, and back school Treatment planning 10 Thoracic syndrome Definition and prevalence Special anatomy, biomechanics, and pathoanatomy of the thoracic motion segments Classification Clinical features of thoracic disk prolapse Intercostal neuralgia Differential diagnosis Treatment 11 Lumbar syndrome Definition and prevalence Special anatomy of the lumbar motion segments Special biomechanics of the lumbar spine, by H. J. Wilke Special pathological anatomy and pathophysiology Clinical features of lumbar syndromes Clinical syndromes The treatment of lumbar syndromes 12 Spontaneous course L5/S1 case illustration: prolapse with infradiscal extension and spontaneous resorption L4/5 case illustration: spontaneous resorption of an infradiscal L4/5 disk prolapse 13 The spine and the mind Psychosomatic processes Mind-body interactions as described in the literature The spine as a projective field for mental disturbances (psychosomatic changes) The effect of disk disease on the mind (somatopsychic changes) The deliberate instrumentalization of disk disease Psychotherapy, relaxation techniques 14 Back school The biomechanical principles of back school 15 Exercise in a pain-free range of motion (EPFRM) Exercise and nociception Which exercises are suitable? EPFRM units 16 Sports Introduction, literature Sports and the cervical spine Sports and the lumbar spine Sporting activities that are good and bad for the intervertebral disks Index