gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3D cell culture system: Separation distance between INS‐1 cell and endothelial cell monolayers co‐cultured in fibrin influences INS‐1 cells insulin secretion (2012)

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro cell culture system allowing studying the effect of separation distance between monolayers of rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) co-cultured in fibrin over INS-1 cell insulin secretion. For this purpose, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture chamber was designed, built using micro-fabrication techniques and validated. The co-culture was successfully carried out and the effect on INS-1 cell insulin secretion was investigated. After 48 and 72 h, INS-1 cells co-cultured with HUVEC separated by a distance of 100 µm revealed enhanced insulin secretion compared to INS-1 cells cultured alone or co-cultured with HUVEC monolayers separated by a distance of 200 µm. These results illustrate the importance of the separation distance between two cell niches for cell culture design and the possibility to further enhance the endocrine function of beta cells when this factor is considered.
Decitabine: development of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor for hematological malignancies. (2003)

Decitabine (DAC) is a small molecule nucleotide analog that is incorporated into DNA and traps human DNA methyltransferases. Although initially developed as a cytotoxic agent, low-dose DAC is enjoying a revival as a specific inhibitor of hypermethylation in cancer. DAC has activity in several hematological diseases, especially myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical and preclinical advances are presented in this review.
TURTLE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS (1972)

Journal Article TURTLE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS: III. THE THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SALMONELLAE IN COMMERCIAL TURTLE BREEDING PONDS Get access ARNOLD F. KAUFMANN, ARNOLD F. KAUFMANN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARSHALL D. FOX, MARSHALL D. FOX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE K. MORRIS, GEORGE K. MORRIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BRUCE T. WOOD, BRUCE T. WOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES C. FEELEY, JAMES C. FEELEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARY K. FRIX MARY K. FRIX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 95, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 521–528, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121420 Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Received: 05 January 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
Cell‐mediated mutagenesis in cultured chinese hamster cells by polycyclic hydrocarbons: Mutagenicity and DNA reaction related to carcinogenicity in a series of compounds (1979)

Abstract Three potycyclic hydrocarbons, benz( a )anthracene, 3‐methylcholanthrene and 7,12‐dimethyl‐benz( a )anthracene, have been studied in a cell‐mediated mutagenesis system using BHK 21 cells to metabolize the hydrocarbons and V‐79 cells as targets for detecting induced cytotoxicity and mutation. In large‐scale experiments, the DNA of V‐79 cells was analyzed by column chromatography to determine the nature and true extent of reaction of hydrocarbons with deoxyribonucleosides. Products with DNA formed by the two carcinogenic compounds were qualitatively very similar to those reported to occur in vivo and in primary cell cultures. Binding indices were calculated from the tritium content of DNA‐hydrocarbon products, related to overall metabolism, for these two compounds together with benzo( a )pyrene and 7‐methylbenz( a )‐anthracene using data from a previous study. These values reflected differences in carcinogenic potency between the compounds. Induced mutation frequencies were related to the extent of DNA reaction with each compound. At equivalent extents of DNA reaction with hydrocarbon products, levels of induced mutation were not significantly different.
Use of conducting crucibles in medium-frequency induction melting of non-ferrous metals (1987)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy at Loughborough University.
The White-hat Bot: A Novel Botnet Defense Strategy (2012)

Abstract : Botnets are a threat to computer systems and users around the world. Botmasters can range from annoying spam email propagators to nefarious criminals. These criminals attempt to take down networks or web servers through distributed denial-of-service attacks, to steal corporate secrets, or to launder money from individuals or corporations. As the number and severity of successful botnet attacks rise, computer security experts need to develop better early-detection and removal techniques to protect computer networks and individual computer users from these very real threats. I will define botnets and describe some of their common purposes and current uses. Next, I will reveal some of the techniques currently used by software security professionals to combat this problem. Finally I will provide a novel defensive strategy, the White-hat Bot (WHB), with documented experiments and results that may prove useful in the defense against botnets in the future.
A parallel processing algorithm for vector quantizer design based on subpartitioning (1991)

A technique for designing vector quantizers that is well suited for parallel processing environments is presented. The input space is iteratively partitioned into M disjoint connected regions composed of unions of partition regions. Each of M processors then independently commutes an optimal subquantizer for its restricted input space. The partitions can regularly be changed to further improve the overall quantizer performance. This technique can improve on the performance of the generalized Lloyd algorithm by following the traditional design process with the subpartitioning iterations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Theory of Entrepreneurial Overconfidence, Effort, and Firm Outcomes (2015)

We present a theory of entrepreneurial behavior that explores the relationship between overconfidence and successful firm outcomes, such as acquisition or IPO. In our model, increasing overconfidence produces two conflicting effects on the probability of a successful outcome: it not only induces an entrepreneur to increase the riskiness of a venture (which lowers the likelihood of successful exit), but also drives higher entrepreneurial effort, increasing likelihood of a successful exit. Due to this conflict, a kinked or U-shaped relationship may exist between overconfidence and positive outcomes. Furthermore, our model suggests that increased outside equity mitigates the effects of overconfidence.
An Opsin Homologue In The Retina And Pigment Epithelium (2015)

A novel heptahelical receptor defines a distant evolutionary branch of the visual pigment tree. The selective localization of this putative receptor, its abundance in RPE and retina, and its homology to the visual pigments suggest that the function of this receptor is important in a visual process involving the RPE and Müller cells.
Provide, obtain and exchange information: the e-publishing technology information platform CARPET (2012)

Scientific communication has been radically changed by electronic publishing (e-publishing) technology. Today, knowledge travels the globe at enormous speed and is accessible everywhere. The success of e-publishing is the result of many projects or individual endeavours which have developed technical solutions for publishing tasks. The software is mostly released under an Open Source licence and the re-use of existing tools and services is often the most effective way for institutions looking to set up an e-publishing system. But information on e-publishing tools and services is often hard to get or tends not to get passed on. In order to fill this gap, the CARPET platform provides information on e-publishing technology and supports the sustainability of existing e-publishing projects and their solutions.
Cerebral decreases in opioid receptor binding in patients with central neuropathic pain measured by [<sup>11</sup>C]diprenorphine binding and PET (2004)

Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is pain resulting from damage to the central nervous system. Up till now, it has not been possible to identify a common lesion or pharmacological deficit in these patients. This preliminary study in a group of patients with CNP with predominantly post-stroke pain, demonstrates that there is significantly less opioid receptor binding in a number of cortical and sub-cortical structures that are mostly, but not exclusively, within the medial pain system in patients compared to age-matched pain-free controls. The reductions in opioid receptor binding within the medial system were observed mainly in the dorsolateral (Brodman area 10) and anterior cingulate (Brodman area 24 with some extension into area 23) and insula cortices and the thalamus. There were also reductions in the lateral pain system within the inferior parietal cortex (Brodman area 40). These changes in binding could not be accounted for by the cerebral lesions shown by CT or MRI, which were outside the areas of reduced binding and the human pain system. To our knowledge this is the first systematic demonstration of a reduction in opioid receptor-binding capacity in neurones within the human nociceptive system in patients with CNP. This may be a key common factor resulting in undamped nociceptor activity within some of the structures that are predominantly within the medial nociceptive system. If confirmed, these findings may explain why certain patients with CNP require high doses of synthetic opiates to achieve optimum analgesia. The findings also raise the possibility of new pharmacological approaches to treatment.
The analysis of EUV mask defects using a wafer defect inspection system (2010)

EUVL is the strongest candidate for a sub-20nm lithography solution after immersion double-patterning. There are still critical challenges for EUVL to address to become a mature technology like today's litho workhorse, ArF immersion. Source power and stability, resist resolution and LWR (Line Width Roughness), mask defect control and infrastructure are listed as top issues. Source power has shown reasonably good progress during the last two years. Resist resolution was proven to resolve 32nm HP (Half Pitch) lines and spaces with good process windows even though there are still concerns with LWR. However, the defectivity level of blank masks is still three orders of magnitude higher than the requirement as of today. In this paper, mask defect control using wafer inspection is studied as an alternative solution to mask inspection for detection of phase defects on the mask. A previous study suggested that EUVL requires better defect inspection sensitivity than optical lithography because EUVL will print smaller defects. Improving the defect detection capability involves not only inspection system but also wafer preparation. A few parameters on the wafer, including LWR and wafer stack material and thickness are investigated, with a goal of enhancing the defect capture rate for after development inspection (ADI) and after cleaning inspection (ACI). In addition to defect sensitivity an overall defect control methodology will be suggested, involving mask, mask inspection, wafer print and wafer inspection.
Towards reliable interactive data cleaning (2016)

Data cleaning is frequently an iterative process tailored to the requirements of a specific analysis task. The design and implementation of iterative data cleaning tools presents novel challenges, both technical and organizational, to the community. In this paper, we present results from a user survey (N = 29) of data analysts and infrastructure engineers from industry and academia. We highlight three important themes: (1) the iterative nature of data cleaning, (2) the lack of rigor in evaluating the correctness of data cleaning, and (3) the disconnect between the analysts who query the data and the infrastructure engineers who design the cleaning pipelines. We conclude by presenting a number of recommendations for future work in which we envision an interactive data cleaning system that accounts for the observed challenges.
An Open NFV Architectural Framework for Virality Based Content Caching (2014)

One of the key goals of Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is
achieving energy efficiency through workload consolidation. A good
example for maximizing energy savings is the Virtualization of Content
Delivery Networks (vCDNs) NFV use case where the video streaming
workloads exhibit significant difference between prime- time and non-
prime-time usage of the infrastructure. This draft examines the
practical challenges in maximizing energy efficiency for vCDN
workloads. This draft proposes an open NFV architectural framework for
conveying content virality information from Cloud applications such as
YouTube, Twitter and mechanisms for leveraging it to maximize the
energy efficiency for vCDN workloads.
ENTWICKLUNGSKONZEPT EINER "EURO-KLIMAANLAGE" (1991)

Vorgestellt wird die sogenannte Euro-Klimaanlage. Mit diesem Entwicklungskonzept will die Firma Behr Abhilfe schaffen, dass bislang Klimaanlagen meist nur in Fahrzeugen der Mittel- und Oberklasse aber nicht in der Kompaktklasse eingebaut werden konnten. Preis und Platzbedarf sollen durch eine Anpassung der Kaelteleistung an die gemaessigten europaeischen Klimaverhaeltnisse und durch kleinere, standardisierte Bauteile gesenkt werden. Im Beitrag wird eine Euro- mit einer Mittelklasse-Klimaanlage verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass bei einem Verzicht auf extreme Leistungen auch mit kleinen, preisguenstigen Anlagen ein behagliches Innenraumklima erzeugt werden kann, und dies mit einem viel geringeren Energieaufwand als bei den heutigen Anlagen. Der kompakte Aufbau der Euro-Klimaanlage zeigt ferner auch Moeglichkeiten auf, Raum zu gewinnen, zum Beispiel fuer den Beifahrer-Airbag, der sich auch in Europa durchsetzen wird. Titel in Englisch: Euro-air-conditioning concept.
Proactive fault management based on risk-augmented routing (2010)

Carrier networks need to provide their customers with high availability of communication services. Unfortunately, failures are managed by recovery mechanisms getting involved only after the failure occurrence to limit the impact on traffic flows. However, there are often forewarning signs that a network device will stop working properly. We propose to take into account this risk exposure in order to improve the performance of the existing restoration mechanisms, in particular for IP networks. Based on an embedded and real-time risk-level assessment, we can perform a proactive fault-management and isolate the failing routers out of the routed topology, and thus totally avoid service unavailability. Our novel approach enables routers to preventively steer traffic away from risky paths by temporally tuning OSPF link cost.
Hyperoxaluria and systemic oxalosis: an update on current therapy and future directions (2012)

Due to lack of familiarity with PH and its heterogeneous clinical expression, diagnosis is often delayed until advanced disease is present, a condition, requiring intensive hemodialysis and timely transplantation. Achieving the most beneficial outcome largely depends on the knowledge of the clinical spectrum, early diagnosis, and initiation of treatment before renal failure ensues. A number of preconditions required for substantial improvement in the care of orphan disease like PH have now been achieved or soon will come within reach, so new treatment options can be expected in the near future.
Characterization of C3a receptor‐proteins on guinea pig platelets and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1989)

The expression of specific membrane receptors for C3a was determined on guinea pig C3a-sensitive (gp R+) platelets and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (hu PMNL). Binding studies with 125I-labeled C3a from gp or hu sources and Scatchard analysis applied to the binding data revealed the existence of two receptor classes on gp R+ platelets; a high-affinity class with about 200 binding sites/cell and Kd = 1.7 x 10(-9) M, and a relatively low-affinity class with Kd = 10(-8) M and about 500 sites/cell. Hu PMNL express a homogeneous receptor class with Kd = 3 x 10(-8) M and 40,000 sites/cell. Molecular characterization of the C3a receptor on gp R+ platelets was achieved by (a) cross-linking photoaffinity-labeled receptors to bound 125I-labeled C3a; (b) photoaffinity labeling receptors with a 13-amino acid residue C3a analogue 125I-Nap-Ahx-13; and (c) use of chemical cross-linkers like disuccinimidylsuberate to cross-link receptors with 125I-C3a. All three techniques gave rise to very similar labeling patterns. With the photoaffinity labeling methods, a diffuse band pattern was observed with an apparent molecular mass of 95-123 kDa with 125I-C3a as label, and 85-105 kDa with 125I-Nap-Ahx-13 as label. Chemical cross-linking of 125I-C3a revealed three distinct bands with molecular masses of approximately 123, 108 and 95 kDa. Subtracting the contribution of the cross-linked ligands, the C3a receptor on gp R+ platelets appears to be a protein complex, consisting of one to three components with estimated molecular masses between 83-114 kDa.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1<i>α</i>(MIP-1<i>α</i>), MIP-1<i>β</i>, and RANTES mRNA semiquantification and protein expression in active demyelinating multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions (2000)

MS is a demyelinating disease characterized by infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma, destruction of oligodendrocytes and loss of myelin. Since chemokines play a major role in the migration of monocytes and T cells, we here investigated the expression of the CC chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES in brain tissue from MS patients using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques. Both MIP-1beta as well as RANTES were found to be significantly elevated in brain tissue of MS patients. In addition, MIP-1alpha was also increased, although not significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, whereas RANTES was mainly localized in reactive astrocytes, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta immunoreactivity was predominantly found in perivascular and parenchymal macrophages, containing myelin degradation products. Thus, chemokines appear to be associated with MS and an increased chemokine expression may further enhance disease progression by attracting more leucocytes into the brain parenchyma and by activation of effector functions of astrocytes and microglial cells.
Public Health Engineering (1930)

Public Health Engineering Affiliation Arthur P. Miller CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.20.7.777 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Humoral Immunity to<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>N40 Decorin Binding Proteins during Infection of Laboratory Mice (1998)

A Borrelia burgdorferi N40 genomic expression library was screened with serum from actively infected mice to identify gene products that elicit protective immunity. A clone that contained a putative bicistronic operon containing two genes that encoded 20- and 22-kDa lipoproteins was identified and sequenced. These genes showed homology with the genes encoding decorin binding proteins DbpB and DbpA, respectively, of B. burgdorferi 297 and B31. N40-dbpA DNA hybridized with B. burgdorferi N40 DNA on a single 48-kb linear plasmid. Homologous genes could be amplified under various degrees of stringency by PCR or hybridized by Southern blotting from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto N40 and B31, and from B. burgdorferi sensu lato PBi and 25015, but not PKo. Recombinant N40-DbpB and N40-DbpA were reactive with antibody in serum from infected mice, and serum was more reactive against N40-DbpA than against B. burgdorferi N40 recombinant P39, OspC, or OspA. Sera from mice infected with B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains PKo and PBi were weakly reactive against N40-DbpB and N40-DbpA, and sera from mice infected with 25015 were moderately reactive, compared to sera from mice infected with B. burgdorferi N40. Hyperimmunization of mice with N40-DbpA, but not N40-DbpB, induced protective immunity against syringe challenge with cultured B. burgdorferi N40. DbpA may therefore be one of the antigens responsible for eliciting protective antibody known to exist in serum from infected mice. DNA amplification and serology suggest that DbpB and DbpA are likely to have homologs throughout the B. burgdorferi sensu lato family, but they are likely to be heterogeneous.
A silicon nanomembrane platform for the visualization of immune cell trafficking across the human blood–brain barrier under flow (2018)

Here we report on the development of a breakthrough microfluidic human in vitro cerebrovascular barrier (CVB) model featuring stem cell-derived brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) and nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN) membranes (µSiM-CVB). The nanoscale thinness of NPN membranes combined with their high permeability and optical transparency makes them an ideal scaffold for the assembly of an in vitro microfluidic model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) featuring cellular elements of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Dual-chamber devices divided by NPN membranes yield tight barrier properties in BLECs and allow an abluminal pericyte-co-culture to be replaced with pericyte-conditioned media. With the benefit of physiological flow and superior imaging quality, the µSiM-CVB platform captures each phase of the multi-step T-cell migration across the BBB in live cell imaging. The small volume of <100 µL of the µSiM-CVB will enable in vitro investigations of rare patient-derived immune cells with the human BBB. The µSiM-CVB is a breakthrough in vitro human BBB model to enable live and high-quality imaging of human immune cell interactions with the BBB under physiological flow. We expect it to become a valuable new tool for the study of cerebrovascular pathologies ranging from neuroinflammation to metastatic cancer.
Growth and evolution of ZnCdSe quantum dots (2002)

ZnCdSe quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated successfully under Stranski–Krastanow mode by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Prior to growth, the critical thickness was first calculated in terms of strain relaxation and the growth was then performed with the help of the calculation. The evolution of the QDs was also studied by atomic force microscopy and spectroscopy. Two kinds of variations in the QDs appeared over time, the Ostwald ripening process and dot-formation process. Moreover, the shape of the dots changed from pyramidlike to domelike, with the transition explained by the theory of crystal growth. By analyzing photoluminescence spectra, two emission mechanisms were revealed and were thought to be zero-dimensional (0D) and 2D-like excitons. With increasing growth interruptions, the luminescence intensity ratio of the 0D to 2D-like excitons increased, which gave further evidence of the evolution of QDs.
A Logical Group Formation and Key Distribution Scheme in WSN (2007)

This paper deals with essentially secure group management and key transfer methods in a wireless sensor network environment. To provide an efficient security service to a widespread network with a large number of sensor nodes, the network has to be made up by several security groups, and Group Key distribution and group management are needed. In this paper we propose a mechanism for efficiently constructing and managing a security node by constructing a group using an algorithm to construct a logical group. Previous Group Key Transport method has special condition. When Base Station transports Group Key, all sensor nodes must share Secret Key with Base Station before it is intended to be deployed. Hence, we also propose a Key transport mechanism without sharing Secret Key between Base Station and sensor node.