gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microinjection : methods and applications (2009)

As the number of sequenced genomes continues to increase, understanding the functions of newly discovered molecules will require greater efficiency and further study within the context of live cells. In Microinjection: Methods and Applications, expert researchers contribute methods utilizing microinjection techniques ranging from expression of RNA to the integration of DNA into the genome with the ultimate goal of learning about gene expression, signal transduction, and protein function within these living cells. This versatile volume updates established techniques such as cRNA expression in Xenopus oocytes, and examines new, cutting-edge technologies, including antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, RNAi for knockdown experiments, and the use of integrase to produce transgenic animals, all through microinjection techniques that can be easily adopted by any lab. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and easily accessible, Microinjection: Methods and Applications is an ideal source for new ideas and techniques certain to aid in the advance of biological research
Method and apparatus for zero point calibration of ultrasonic thickness gauge (1980)

First Page
Carnosine induces intestinal cells to secrete exosomes that activate neuronal cells (2019)

Recently, we showed that imidazole dipeptide such as carnosine contained abundantly in chicken breast meat improves brain function in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we investigated whether carnosine activates intestinal epithelial cells and induces the secretion of factors that activate brain function. We focused on exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells as mediators of brain-gut interaction. Results showed that exosomes derived from Caco-2 cells treated with carnosine significantly induced neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells. To clarify the molecular basis of this finding, we performed integrated analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) with altered expression in exosomes in response to carnosine treatment and mRNAs with altered expression in target cells in response to exosome treatment to identify related miRNAs and their target genes. The combination of miR-6769-5p and its target gene ATXN1 was found to be involved in the exosome-induced activation of neuronal cells.
Should being aged over 70 years hinder penile prosthesis implantation? (2009)

A penile prosthesis remains a highly promising treatment in older patients with a similar satisfaction rate to those published for younger patients. Thus, the motivation of the patient and not the age of the patient should be the main determinant factor in this surgical procedure.
Antioxidants reduce cyclooxygenase-2 expression, prostaglandin production, and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. (1998)

Increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and overproduction of prostaglandins (PGs) have been implicated in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent observations suggest that reactive oxygen intermediates play a role in tumor cell growth regulation and expression of the inducible COX, COX-2. We therefore evaluated the effects of various antioxidants on COX expression and cellular growth in the human CRC cell line HCA-7. The antioxidants pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), N-acetylcysteine, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and U74006 decreased PG production, intracellular redox status, and cellular growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The decrease in cellular growth was associated with the induction of apoptosis. Unlike the selective COX inhibitors 1-[(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-trifluoromethyl-5-[(4-fluoro)phenyl]pyraz ole (SC 58125) and (2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide (NS 398) that inhibit COX-2 catalytic activity, these antioxidants decreased COX-2 expression at the transcriptional level. Combined treatment of HCA-7 cells with PDTC and SC 58125 resulted in an additive decrease in PG levels and anchorage-dependent and -independent growth. Furthermore, whereas antioxidants or SC 58125 reduced tumor growth in vivo, coadministration of PDTC and SC 58125 resulted in actual tumor regression. These results suggest that combined therapy with NSAIDs and antioxidants might be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of CRC.
<i>CDKL5</i> variants (2017)

These findings have implications for genetic diagnosis, providing evidence for the reclassification of specific variants previously thought to result in CDKL5 deficiency. Together, these analyses support the view that the predominant brain isoform in humans (hCDKL5_1) is crucial for normal neurodevelopment and that the catalytic domain is the primary functional domain.
An Evaluation of Antigen Retrieval Procedures for Immunoelectron Microscopic Classification of Amyloid Deposits (1999)

The advantages of using immunoelectron microscopy in amyloid research and surgical pathology for the classification of amyloid deposits are well documented. The aim of this study was to improve single-labeling postembedding immunostaining by testing different antigen retrieval (AR) techniques. Etching and AR procedures were applied to sections from aldehyde-fixed and Epon-embedded autopsy specimens of patients who had suffered from generalized AA amyloidosis, systemic senile ATTR amyloidosis, or generalized kappa-light chain amyloidosis. The procedures used were no AR, H(2)O(2), saturated aqueous sodium metaperiodate (mPJ), heating in deionized water (dH(2)O), heating in sodium citrate buffer (SCB), heating in EDTA (each 91C, 30 min), and combinations of etching and heating. Little effect was evident after treatment with H(2)O(2), mPJ, and heating in dH(2)O, but the signal density markedly increased after heating in 1 mM EDTA. Heating in SCB affected immunolabeling with anti-transthyretin and anti-kappa-light chain, whereas no effect was achieved for immunolabeling with anti-AA amyloid. We concluded that AR may significantly improve immunostaining of specimens that have undergone conventional fixation and embedding procedures for electron microscopy. The effect of AR on the detection of amyloid fibril proteins was probably mediated in part through chelation or binding of metal ions by the AR medium. (J Histochem Cytochem 47:1385-1394, 1999)
Complexity of Equivalence Class and Boundary Value Testing Methods (2009)

There are two groups of domain testing methods – equivalence class testing (ECT) methods and boundary value testing (BVT) methods reviewed in this paper. This paper surveys 17 domain testing methods applicable to domains of independent input parameters of a program. This survey describes the basic algorithms used by domain testing methods for test case generation. The paper focuses on the theoretical bounds of the size of test suites or the complexity of domain testing methods. This paper also includes a subsumption hierarchy that attempts to relate various coverage criteria associated with the identified domain testing methods.
One-path and Selective Conversion of Ethanol to Propene on Scandium-modified Indium Oxide Catalysts (2012)

Abstract The direct and stable conversion of ethanol to propene with yields up to 60 mol % was achieved on scandium-modified indium oxide catalysts at 823 K in the presence of water and hydrogen. The reaction pathways are also suggested, ethanol → acetaldehyde → acetone → propene, which is quite different from those on zeolites and on nickel ion-loaded silica catalysts.
The Royal Power of Dissolution of Parliament in the British Commonwealth (1944)

Journal Article The Royal Power of Dissolution of Parliament in the British Commonwealth Get access The Royal Power of Dissolution of Parliament in the British Commonwealth. By Eugene A. Forsey, M.A., Ph.D. With a Foreword by J. A. R. Marriott. 1943. (London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press. 9¼″ × 6½″. xix + 316 pp. Biblio. 21s.) J. L. Morison J. L. Morison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 20, Issue 4, October 1944, Pages 570–571, https://doi.org/10.2307/3017160 Published: 01 October 1944
Direct observation of short-circuit diffusion during the formation of a single cupric oxide nanowire (2007)

Short-circuit diffusion was observed in a single CuO nanowire synthesized using a thermal oxidation method. The confocal Raman spectra of a single CuO nanowire permit direct observation of the nature of an individual CuO nanowire. The parameter order obtained from the inverse Raman Bg2 peak linewidth results in the length dependence of the linewidth and a short-circuit diffusion length of 3.3 µm. The observed structural information is also consistent with the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic mapping. The results confirm that the growth of CuO nanowires occurs through the short-circuit diffusion mechanism.
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Mediated Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging at 7 Tesla in Glioblastoma Patients (2014)

NOE mediated CEST Imaging at 7 T provides additional information on the structure of peritumoral hyperintensities in glioblastoma and displays isolated high intensity regions within the CE-T1 tumor that cannot be acquired on CE-T1 or T2-weighted images. Further research is needed to determine the origin of NOE mediated CEST and possible clinical applications such as therapy assessment or biopsy planning.
Concentric agonist-antagonist robots for minimally invasive surgeries (2017)

We present a novel continuum robot design concept, Concentric Agonist-Antagonist Robots (CAAR), that uses push-pull, agonist-antagonist action of a pair of concentric tubes. The CAAR tubes are designed to have noncentral, offset neutral axes, and they are fixed together at their distal ends. Axial base translations then induce bending in the device. A CAAR segment can be created by selectively cutting asymmetric notches into the profile of two stock tubes, which relocates the neutral bending plane away from the center of the inner lumen. Like conventional concentric-tube robots (CTRs) based on counter-rotating precurved tubes, a CAAR can be made at very small scales and contain a large, open lumen. In contrast with CTRs, the CAAR concept has no elastic stability issues, offers a larger range of motion, and has lower overall stiffness. Furthermore, by varying the position of the neutral axes along the length of each tube, arbitrary, variable curvature actuation modes can be achieved. Precurving the tubes can additionally increase the workspace of a single segment. A single two-tube assembly can be used to create 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot segments, and multiple segments can be deployed concentrically. Both additive manufacturing and traditional machining of stock tubes can create and customize the geometry and performance of the CAAR. In this paper, we explore the CAAR concept, provide kinematic and static models, and experimentally evaluate the model with a both a straight and a precurved CAAR. We conclude with a discussion of the significance and our plans for future work.
Treatment of Orofacial Venous Malformations with Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate (1994)

Thirty-two patients with orofacial venous malformations treated with intralesional injections of Sotradecol (STS) are discussed. Sotradecol, which is a sclerosing agent, causes fibrous tissue which obliterates the vascular channel, resulting in a decrease of the size of venous malformations. Affected females outnumber males by 2.6:1. The age range was from 5 months to 49 years and the average is 16.2 years. The number of injections ranged from one to thirteen with an average of 3.4. Most venous malformations represented are located on the lip (11 cases) and mouth angle (7 cases), occupying 56% of all patients. The follow-up period varied from 4 months to 3 years. All patients showed modest (44%) to striking (56%) improvement in appearance and function with minimal complications, which were easily controlled or subsided spontaneously or no complications. The intralesional injection of STS may be a good choice for certain cases of orofacial venous malformations.
Central Osteophytes in the Knee (2001)

Central osteophytes are common in patients referred for MR imaging of the knee. When central osteophytes are seen in the knee there is a high likelihood of an associated full thickness or near-full thickness articular cartilage defect.
Global Phenotypic Analysis and Transcriptional Profiling Defines the Weak Acid Stress Response Regulon in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Weak organic acids such as sorbate are potent fungistatic agents used in food preservation, but their intracellular targets are poorly understood. We thus searched for potential target genes and signaling components in the yeast genome using contemporary genome-wide functional assays as well as DNA microarray profiling. Phenotypic screening of the EUROSCARF collection revealed the existence of numerous sorbate-sensitive strains. Sorbate hypersensitivity was detected in mutants of the shikimate biosynthesis pathway, strains lacking the PDR12 efflux pump or WAR1, a transcription factor mediating stress induction of PDR12. Using DNA microarrays, we also analyzed the genome-wide response to acute sorbate stress, allowing for the identification of more than 100 genes rapidly induced by weak acid stress. Moreover, a novel War1p- and Msn2p/4p-independent regulon that includes HSP30 was identified. Although induction of the majority of sorbate-induced genes required Msn2p/4p, weak acid tolerance was unaffected by a lack of Msn2p/4p. Ectopic expression of PDR12 from the GAL1-10 promoter fully restored sorbate resistance in a strain lacking War1p, demonstrating that PDR12 is the major target of War1p under sorbic acid stress. Interestingly, comparison of microarray data with results from the phenotypic screening revealed that PDR12 remained as the only gene, which is both stress inducible and required for weak acid resistance. Our results suggest that combining functional assays with transcriptome profiling allows for the identification of key components in large datasets such as those generated by global microarray analysis.
Murine hematopoietic stem cells committed to macrophage/dendritic cell formation: Stimulation by Flk2-ligand with enhancement by regulators using the gp130 receptor chain (1997)

The stimulation by Flk2-ligand (FL) of blast colony formation by murine bone marrow cells was selectively potentiated by the addition of regulators sharing in common the gp130 signaling receptor-leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M, interleukin 11, or interleukin 6. Recloning of blast colony cells indicated that the majority were progenitor cells committed exclusively to macrophage formation and responding selectively to proliferative stimulation by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Reculture of blast colony cells initiated by FL plus LIF in cultures containing granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus tumor necrosis factor alpha indicated that at least some of the cells were capable of maturation to dendritic cells. The cells forming blast colonies in response to FL plus LIF were unrelated to those forming blast colonies in response to stimulation by stem cell factor and appear to be a distinct subset of mature hematopoietic stem cells.
Magnetorheological fluids based multifunctional actuator for assistive knee braces (2009)

This paper is aimed to develop a new actuator used in assistive knee braces for helping elderly or disabled people to recover their mobility. In the design, magneto-rheological (MR) fluids are integrated into the actuator to provide controllable torque and improve the braking control performance. With MR fluids, the actuator possesses multiple functions as motor, clutch, and brake while meeting the requirement of normal walking as well. In this paper, design considerations including actuator configuration, magnetic circuit and influence of permanent magnet on MR fluids are discussed. Finite element model of the actuator is built and analyzed. Modeling of the actuator in different functions is presented. A prototype of the actuator is fabricated and tested. Braking torque control of the actuator is investigated. The results show that the developed multifunctional actuator is promising for assistive knee braces.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Characterization of an Efficient Hydrolytic Antibody: Evidence for the Formation of an Acyl Intermediate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and Mechanistic Characterization of an Efficient Hydrolytic Antibody: Evidence for the Formation of an Acyl IntermediateJincan Guo, Wei Huang, and Thomas S. ScanlanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 14, 6062–6069Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00093a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1009 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Beyond the Hype. AI and Law: An Update (2019)

To go by some media reports, one might be forgiven for thinking that the lawyer of the 21st century is destined for the same fate as the switchboard operator or the ‘knock-er-upper’ in the 20th – rendered superfluous by the accelerating march of automation. In particular, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are suspected of taking over a large part of what is presently done by human lawyers. Our research has suggested that the future may not be quite so bleak. The practice of law will, however, change and, as with other forms of technological change, that change will not necessarily happen in an orderly or linear fashion. In this article, we suggest some of the areas where that change might be most pronounced.
An intelligent modeling system for simulation manufacturing processes (1987)

This paper presents the development of an intelligent system for simulating manufacturing processes. The emphasis of this paper is placed on the following elements of the intelligent system: the natural language interface, especially the parser, the simulation analyzer, and the simulation writer. An application of the intelligent manufacturing simulation system in an industrial environment is also presented.
Newly available treatments for psoriatic arthritis and their impact on skin psoriasis (2003)

Far from being a "benign" arthropathy, as it was initially characterized, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affects approximately 0.2% of the US population and can be associated with considerable joint damage, symptomatology, and quality of life impairment. PsA shares many characteristics with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and new, rationally designed drugs that are effective in RA also are proving active in PsA. Two such drugs, etanercept and infliximab, target tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key component of the inflammatory response. This review discusses the rationale for and experience with the use of these agents in PsA. Etanercept is a dimeric fusion protein that binds specifically to TNF, blocking its interaction with cell surface TNF receptors. Infliximab is a chimeric (murine/human) monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF and inhibits its binding to its receptor. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of etanercept in PsA found statistically significant benefits for this agent in measures of arthritic activity and psoriatic severity. There have been anecdotal reports of the efficacy of infliximab in PsA, but results from controlled clinical trials of this agent in PsA have not been reported. TNF inhibitors represent new therapeutic options for patients with PsA. The potential advantages of treatment with etanercept and infliximab early in the disease course are discussed.
A current-mode DC-DC converter using a quadratic slope compensation scheme (2009)

A quadratic slope compensation scheme for a current-mode DC-DC converter to obtain stable frequency characteristics without depending on the input and output voltages is proposed. A 5 MHz and 500 mA buck DC-DC converter with input voltages ranging from 3.3 V to 2.5 V and with output voltages ranging from 2.5 V to 0.5 V was fabricated by using a 0.35 μm CMOS process to verify the effectiveness of the scheme. Little variation of frequency characteristics at frequencies above 200 KHz for the various input and output voltages was observed.
Ultrasensitive single-cell proteomics workflow identifies >1000 protein groups per mammalian cell (2020)

Abstract We report on the combination of nanodroplet sample preparation, ultra-low-flow nanoLC, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), and the latest-generation Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer for greatly improved single-cell proteome profiling. FAIMS effectively filtered out singly charged ions for more effective MS analysis of multiply charged peptides, resulting in an average of 1056 protein groups identified from single HeLa cells without MS1-level feature matching. This is 2.3 times more identifications than without FAIMS and a far greater level of proteome coverage for single mammalian cells than has been previously reported for a label-free study. Differential analysis of single microdissected motor neurons and interneurons from human spinal tissue indicated a similar level of proteome coverage, and the two subpopulations of cells were readily differentiated based on single-cell label-free quantification.
Automatic text classification and property extraction applications in medicine (2015)

The paper describes different cases of combination of statistical, rule-based and pattern-based approaches for text classification, entity extraction and discernment of entity properties applied to medical domain.
Techniques for approximating a trigram language model (2002)

Several methods are proposed for reducing the size of a trigram language model (LM), which is often the biggest data structure in a continuous speech recognizer, without affecting its performance. The common factor shared by the different approaches is to select only a subset of the available trigrams, trying to identify those trigrams that mostly contribute to the performance of the full trigram LM. The proposed selection criteria apply to trigram contexts, both of length one or two. These criteria rely on information theory concepts, the back-off probabilities estimated by the LM, or on a measure of the phonetic/linguistic uncertainty relative to a given context. Performance of the reduced trigram LMs are compared both in terms of perplexity and recognition accuracy. Results show that all the considered methods perform better than the naive frequency shifting method. In fact, a 50% size reduction is obtained on a shift-1 trigram LM, at the cost of a 5% increase in word error rate. Moreover, the reduced LMs improve by around 15% the word error rate of a bigram LM of the same size.