gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular thermodynamics of aqueous two‐phase systems for bioseparations (1988)

Abstract Aqueous polymer‐polymer two‐phase systems provide a powerful method for separating biomolecules by extraction. When a complex mixture of biomolecules (e.g., a fermentation broth or a solution of lysed cells) is added to such a system, biomolecules partition uniquely between the two phases, achieving separation. A thermodynamic framework is presented for optimizing extraction performance in biological separations. First, a molecular‐thermodynamic model, based on the osmotic virial equation, is proposed to describe phase equilibria for dilute aqueous mixtures containing polymers and protein. Second, experimental phase‐equilibrium data (protein partition coefficients) are reported for a number of model proteins including albumin, lysozyme, and α‐chymotrypsin. To interpret and correlate the experimental data, Low‐Angle Laser‐Light Scattering (LALLS) measurements were made to determine osmotic second virial coefficients for aqueous mixtures containing polymers, proteins, salts (KCl, KH 2 PO 4 and K 2 SO 4 at concentrations of 50 and 100 mM) and several combinations of polymer‐polymer and polymer‐protein pairs. Combined with electrochemical measurements (differences in potential between the two phases and protein net charge), these data provide parameters for the model to calculate the desired phase equilibria. A comparison of calculated and experimental results indicates that the virial‐equation model provides good prediction of binodals and a reliable basis for estimating infinite‐dilution protein partition coefficients for biotechnical process design.
On the use of current sensors for the control of power converters (2003)

This paper describes the use of current sensors for the control of power converters. No voltage sensor is required in the whole system. The sensed current and the rate of change of the inductor current in different circuit topologies are used to determine the input and output voltages of the converters, and for current programming and maximum current protection. Apart from reducing the number of sensors, the proposed method provides inherent electrical isolation between the power conversion stage and the controller and lessens noise-coupling problems. The proposed technique is illustrated with a current-programmed DC/DC boost regulator with feedforward and feedback control. The regulator's steady state and transient responses under input source and output load disturbances are presented.
Decoding low-density parity check codes with normalized APP-based algorithm (2002)

We propose a normalized a posteriori probability (APP) based algorithm for the decoding of low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. The normalized APP-based algorithm utilizes normalization to improve the accuracy of the soft values delivered by the simplified APP-based algorithm from one iteration to another during the iterative decoding, and can achieve very good tradeoff between decoding complexity and performance.
Lagrangian-Based Pattern Extraction for Edge Computing in the Internet of Things (2019)

Edge computing can improve the scalability and efficiency of IoT systems by performing some of the analysis and operations on the nodes or on intermediary edge devices. This will reduce the energy consumption, data transmission load and latency by shifting some of the processes to the edge devices. In this paper, we introduce a pattern extraction method which uses both the Lagrangian Multiplier and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to create patterns from raw sensory data. We have evaluated our method by applying a clustering method on constructed patterns. The results show that by using our proposed Lagrangian-based pattern extraction method, the existing clustering algorithms perform more accurately - by up to 20% higher compared with the state-of-the-art methods, especially in dealing with dynamic real-world data. We have conducted our evaluations based on synthetic and real-world data sets and have compared the results to the existing state-of-the-art approaches. We also discuss how the proposed methods can be embedded into the edge computing devices in IoT systems and applications.
Reducing thyratron losses in CVL modulator (2002)

By addition of a snubber magnetic assist and a by-pass diode the anode dissipation of the thyratron in a CVL modulator has been reduced from 5.6 kW to 560 W. It is argued that the origin of the excessive 5 kW is de-ionization loss. 'Radar experience' indicates that long life is expected from such a circuit, even for a small inexpensive thyratron. It is shown that RMS current by itself cannot be used as a figure of merit for modulator circuits. Finally, it is noted that there is no advantage in using hollow anode thyratrons for CVL modulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-stage osteolytic spinal bone lesion detection from CT data with internal sensitivity control (2012)

Spinal bone lesion detection is a challenging and important task in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. In this paper we present a method for fully-automatic osteolytic spinal bone lesion detection from 3D CT data. It is a multi-stage approach subsequently applying multiple discriminative models, i.e., multiple random forests, for lesion candidate detection and rejection to an input volume. For each detection stage an internal control mechanism ensures maintaining sensitivity on unseen true positive lesion candidates during training. This way a pre-defined target sensitivity score of the overall system can be taken into account at the time of model generation. For a lesion not only the center is detected but also, during post-processing, its spatial extension along the three spatial axes defined by the surrounding vertebral body's local coordinate system. Our method achieves a cross-validated sensitivity score of 75% and a mean false positive rate of 3.0 per volume on a data collection consisting of 34 patients with 105 osteolytic spinal bone lesions. The median sensitivity score is 86% at 2.0 false positives per volume.
Dynamic Contention Window for Quality of Service in IEEE 802.11 Networks (2004)

There is limited QoS support for multimedia applications in Wireless LANS (WLANs). In this paper the authors present a novel mechanism to allow prioritized medium access for applications with QoS requirements. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated through simulations and the results are compared with EDCF scheme.
The significance of maintenance care in the treatment of periodontal disease (1981)

Abstract The present investigation was performed to assess the efficacy of a maintenance care program to prevent recurrence of disease in patients subjected to treatment of advanced periodontitis. In addition, the periodontal status was monitored of a group of patients who following the end of active treatment were referred back to genera] practitioners for maintenance care. The material consisted of 90 patients who in 1972 were referred for specialist treatment of advanced periodontal disease. The patients were first subjected to an initial examination including assessment of oral hygiene, gingivitis, probing depths and attachment levels. They were on an individual basis given case presentation, instructed how to practice proper tooth‐cleaning methods, their teeth were scaled and eventually the periodontal pockets were treated using the modified Widman technique. During the first 2 months following surgery the patients were recalled once every 2 weeks for professional tooth cleaning. Two months after the end of surgical treatment, the patients were reexamined to provide baseline data. Every third patient was thereafter referred back to the general dentist for maintenance care. Two out of three patients were maintained in a carefully designed and controlled maintenance care program at the university clinic. This program involved recalls once every 2–3 months and included instruction and practice in oral hygiene, meticulous scaling and professional tooth cleaning. The patients were reexamined 3 and 6 years after the baseline examination. The results demonstrated that in patients suffering from destructive periodontitis, a treatment program that involved oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root planing and modified Widman flap procedures resulted in the establishment of clinically healthy gingiva and shallow pockets. Patients who were placed on a carefully designed recall program were over a 6‐year period able to maintain excellent oral hygiene standards and unaltered attachment levels. In contrast patients who subsequent to active treatment were not maintained in a supervised program showed obvious signs of recurrent periodontitis at the follow‐up examinations.
Collagen and elastin of human dermis. (1960)

As connective tissue ages, the following changes have been observed: (1) a reduction in its swelling properties as noted by Banfield (1) and Elden (2); (2) an alteration in the contraction and relaxation of collagen described by Banga et al. (3) as well as by Verzar (4) ; (3) an increase in the size of collagen fibers reported by Jackson (5); and (4) a reduction in the ratio of hexosamine to collagen reported by Sobel (6). In order to determine any alteration in the quantity of collagen and elastin in human connective tissue age, the following study was made. Corium from non-exposed areas of the body was studied in human beings of both sexes and of varying ages. This report presents the results of these studies.
Glycosylated Hemoglobins and Glycosylated Plasma Proteins in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (1984)

Total and stable glycosylated hemoglobins and glycosylated plasma proteins were determined on 53 patients referred for a glucose tolerance test. Significant correlations were found with fasting blood glucose (r greater than 0.89), 2-h glucose (r greater than 0.69), and area under the glucose tolerance curve (r greater than 0.75), but the correlations with labile glycosylated proteins were not significant. Thirty-one of the patients were normal, five had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and seventeen diabetes mellitus (DM) according to the WHO criteria. Comparison of the glycosylated protein values showed that, in all cases, the values for those with IGT and DM were significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than the values for normals. The range of values of stable glycosylated hemoglobins for those with DM (9.4-24.4%), those with IGT (8.6-10.0%), and normals (5.0-8.5%) shows that there was no overlap between overt diabetic subjects and normal subjects. This was also found for total glycosylated hemoglobins. The results for glycosylated plasma proteins, total and stable, were comparable, but one patient with overt DM and two with IGT had values within the normal range. The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins and glycosylated plasma proteins by the simple, precise, affinity-chromatography method is potentially a quick, accurate, and simple screening test for patients with DM and IGT and deserves consideration as criteria for their diagnosis.
CHD7 Targets Active Gene Enhancer Elements to Modulate ES Cell-Specific Gene Expression (2010)

CHD7 is one of nine members of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes found in mammalian cells. De novo mutation of CHD7 is a major cause of CHARGE syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by multiple congenital anomalies. To gain insights to the function of CHD7, we used the technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to map CHD7 sites in mouse ES cells. We identified 10,483 sites on chromatin bound by CHD7 at high confidence. Most of the CHD7 sites show features of gene enhancer elements. Specifically, CHD7 sites are predominantly located distal to transcription start sites, contain high levels of H3K4 mono-methylation, found within open chromatin that is hypersensitive to DNase I digestion, and correlate with ES cell-specific gene expression. Moreover, CHD7 co-localizes with P300, a known enhancer-binding protein and strong predictor of enhancer activity. Correlations with 18 other factors mapped by ChIP-seq in mouse ES cells indicate that CHD7 also co-localizes with ES cell master regulators OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. Correlations between CHD7 sites and global gene expression profiles obtained from Chd7(+/+), Chd7(+/-), and Chd7(-/-) ES cells indicate that CHD7 functions at enhancers as a transcriptional rheostat to modulate, or fine-tune the expression levels of ES-specific genes. CHD7 can modulate genes in either the positive or negative direction, although negative regulation appears to be the more direct effect of CHD7 binding. These data indicate that enhancer-binding proteins can limit gene expression and are not necessarily co-activators. Although ES cells are not likely to be affected in CHARGE syndrome, we propose that enhancer-mediated gene dysregulation contributes to disease pathogenesis and that the critical CHD7 target genes may be subject to positive or negative regulation.
Versican-Derived Matrikines Regulate Batf3–Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Promote T Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer (2017)

Colorectal cancer originates within immunologically complex microenvironments. To date, the benefits of immunotherapy have been modest, except in neoantigen-laden mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Approaches to enhance tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor bed may substantially augment clinical immunotherapy responses. In this article, we report that proteolysis of the tolerogenic matrix proteoglycan versican (VCAN) strongly correlated with CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer, regardless of mismatch repair status. Tumors displaying active VCAN proteolysis and low total VCAN were associated with robust (10-fold) CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration. Tumor-intrinsic WNT pathway activation was associated with CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell exclusion and VCAN accumulation. In addition to regulating VCAN levels at the tumor site, VCAN proteolysis results in the generation of bioactive fragments with novel functions (VCAN-derived matrikines). Versikine, a VCAN-derived matrikine, enhanced the generation of CD103<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>hi</sup>MHCII<sup>hi</sup> conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) from Flt3L-mobilized primary bone marrow-derived progenitors, suggesting that VCAN proteolysis may promote differentiation of tumor-seeding DC precursors toward IRF8- and BATF3-expressing cDCs. Intratumoral BATF3-dependent DCs are critical determinants for T cell antitumor immunity, effector T cell trafficking to the tumor site, and response to immunotherapies. Our findings provide a rationale for testing VCAN proteolysis as a predictive and/or prognostic immune biomarker and VCAN-derived matrikines as novel immunotherapy agents.
Alphaherpesviruses and Chemokines: Pas de Deux Not Yet Brought to Perfection (2008)

The coexistence of viruses and their hosts implies constant and mutual evolutionary pressure.In addition to the fundamental systems necessary for viruses to replicate and spread, viruses have developed accessory systems to escape killing by the host's immune system.Herpesviruses have been coevolving with their hosts over millions of years and are exquisitely well adapted to their respective partners.Biological criteria have long been used to subdivide the family Herpesviridae into three subfamilies, namely Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaherpesvirinae.Members of the Alphaherpesvirinae have a narrow in vivo host range, a short replication cycle, and the capacity to establish lifelong, latent infections, primarily but not exclusively in neurons of sensory ganglia (50).Their linear, double-stranded DNA genomes vary between 124 and 177 kbp in length and generally consist of regions of unique sequences flanked by direct or inverted repeat sequences.The subfamily includes human pathogens as well as a number of animal viruses of considerable agricultural and economic importance (Table 1).The human pathogens herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/ shingles, respectively.Some of the animal herpesviruses can cause diseases with potentially devastating economic consequences.Infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) results in respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders; bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) leads to respiratory infections and abortions in cattle; pseudorabies virus (PRV) (suid herpesvirus 1) infection (Aujeszky's disease) is characterized by respiratory and neurological disorders, abortion, and infertility in swine; and Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, causes massive immunosuppression and invariably lethal T-cell lymphomas in unvaccinated chickens.Infection with herpesviruses, as is the case with most viruses, normally stimulates the production of cytokines and chemokines, and some of the components of the immune system for viral subversion are ligands and receptors of the cytokine and chemokine network (4, 56).These secreted proteins mediate and regulate fundamental processes such as immune responses, inflammation, and hematopoiesis and play a crucial
Clopidogrel bioavailability: absence of influence of food or antacids. (1999)

Two open, randomized, crossover bioavailability studies were carried out to assess the influence of concurrent antacid medication and food on the bioavailability of clopidogrel. A fed/fasting study was conducted in 12 elderly male subjects. Each subject took a single 75 mg dose of clopidogrel on two occasions-in the morning after an overnight fast, either during a standardized breakfast, or with breakfast delayed by 4 hours after dosing. A washout period of 7 days was observed between the two dosings. Twelve healthy male subjects participated in the antacid study. They fasted overnight and for 4 hours after dosing and took a single 75 mg dose of clopidogrel at 8:00 a.m. on two occasions separated by a washout period of 14 days. For one dose, Maalox 2 x 400 mg tablets were taken 1 hour before the clopidogrel dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters of SR26334, the main circulating metabolite of clopidogrel, were derived from plasma concentrations of the latter compound determined before and at regular intervals over 36 hours after dosing. For the fed/fasting study, mean Cmax values (+/-SD) were 2.7+/-0.62 mg/L and 2.1+/-0.96 mg/L for the fasting state and the fed state, respectively and the 90% CI of Cmax ratio was [0.57 - 0.97]. Mean AUC(0-obs) values (AUC to the last observed value) were 7.1+/-1.6 mg.h/L and 7.4+/-1.64 mg.h/L, respectively, and the 90% Cl of AUC ratios were [0.90 - 1.02] and [0.89 - 0.97], respectively. For the antacid study, mean Cmax values were 2.6+/-0.84 mg/L and 2.5+/-0.87 mg/L for the no-antacid regimen and the antacid regimen, respectively, and the 90% CI of Cmax ratio was [0.74 - 1.16]. Mean AUC(0-obs) values were 6.3+/-1.34 mg.h/L and 5.8+/-1.33 mg.h/L, respectively, and the 90% CI of AUC ratios was [0.89+/-0.97]. Thus, exposure to SR26334, and therefore net absorption of clopidogrel, was not significantly modified by food or by prior antacid ingestion.
The Pathophysiologic Effects of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Growth and Development of Skeletal Tissues (1994)

In humans, the skeleton is constantly remodeling. The cells involved in maintaining the skeleton fall into two categories: those responsible for the removal of bone (bone resorption) and those responsible for bone formation. Skeletal tissue is known to contain various growth factors. Growth factors are thought to regulate bone turnover in growing and mature skeletal tissue. In addition, growth factors may participate in the anabolic processes involved in fracture repair. Peptide growth factors are proteins that stimulate cellular proliferation by binding to specific cell membrane receptors. Low concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulate bone resorption via the enhanced local production of PGE2, and it can also stimulate PGI2 synthesis in chronic inflammatory processes to elicit or accelerate osteolysis. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates bone resorption also by a mechanism that involves the enhanced local production of PGE2. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) may be involved in the local regulation of bone formation; FGF is present in bone, osteoblast-like bone cells are target cells for FGF in cultures, and bone cells synthesize FGF-line molecules in cultures. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are produced by bone cells and are stored in the bone matrix, and stimulate bone cell DNA synthesis and type I collagen production. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is abundant in bones and platelets, promotes wound healing in vivo, and is a potent stimulator of the production of extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a newly described hematopoietic growth factor that has the capacity to stimulate the formation of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells. The effect of cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF on bone metabolism are profoundly inhibitory, with the rank order of potency IL-1 beta greater than IL-1 alpha and greater than TNF. The interaction of cytokines and bone growth factors with osteoblasts are likely to be of critical importance in the regulation of bone mass at local inflammatory sites. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) exists in the bone matrix and acts on immature mesenchymal cells to initiate bone induction through endochondral bone differentiation. Other factors that have been reported to be present in the bone matrix and have BMP-like activity include osteoinductive factor (OIF), osteogenin, active, and cartilage-inducing factor (CIF). In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that peptide growth factors, cytokines, and bone morphogenetic proteins may all otain certain important pathophysiologic effects in the growth and development of skeletal tissues.
Reactions of Aralkyl Amines with Carbon Dioxide (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Aralkyl Amines with Carbon DioxideH. B. Wright and M. B. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3865–3866Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a097https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a097research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1034Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts