gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Viscous and Buoyancy Forces on the Mobilization of Residual Tetrachloroethylene during Surfactant Flushing (1996)

The potential for nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) mobilization is one of the most important considerations in the development and implementation of surfactant-based remediation technologies. Column experiments were performed to investigate the onset and extent of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) mobilization during surfactant flushing. To induce mobilization, the interfacial tension between residual PCE and the aqueous phase was reduced from 47.8 to 0.09 dyn/cm by flushing with different surfactant solutions. The resulting PCE desaturation curves are expressed in terms of a total trapping number (NT), which relates viscous and buoyancy forces to the capillary forces acting to retain organic liquids within a porous medium. The critical value of NT required to initiate PCE mobilization fell within the range of 2 × 10-5 to 5 × 10-5, while complete displacement of PCE was observed as NT approached 1 × 10-3. The interplay of viscous and buoyancy forces during PCE mobilization is illustrated in horizontal column experiments, in which angled banks of PCE were displaced through the columns. These results demonstrate the potential contribution of buoyancy forces to PCE mobilization and provide a novel approach for predicting NAPL displacement during surfactant flushing.
Shared Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac in Independent Strains of Pink Bollworm (2004)

Classical and molecular genetic analyses show that two independently derived resistant strains of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), share a genetic locus at which three mutant alleles confer resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac. One laboratory-selected resistant strain (AZP-R) was derived from individuals collected in 1997 from 10 Arizona cotton fields, whereas the other (APHIS-98R) was derived from a long-term susceptible laboratory strain. Both strains were previously reported to show traits of “mode 1” resistance, the most common type of lepidopteran resistance to Cry1A toxins. Inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac (10 μg per gram of diet) was recessive in both strains. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F1 progeny from crosses between the two strains were resistant to the diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac. These results indicate that a major resistance locus is shared by the two strains. Analysis of DNA from the pink bollworm cadherin gene (BtR) using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests showed that the previously identified resistance alleles (r1, r2, and r3) occurred in both strains, but their frequencies differed between strains. In conjunction with previous findings, the results reported here suggest that PCR-based detection of the three known cadherin resistance alleles might be useful for monitoring resistance to Cry1Ac-producing Bt cotton in field populations of pink bollworm.
The importance of ATP as a regulator of glycolytic flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2000)

The control of glycolytic flux in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by using permeabilized cells. Cells were harvested from chemostat cultures and, after removal of the cell wall, nystatin was used to permeabilize the spheroplasts. By this method it is possible to study the performance and regulation of a complete and functional metabolic pathway and not only a single enzymatic step. The results showed that ATP has a strong negative effect on glycolytic activity affecting several of the glycolytic enzymes. However, the main targets for ATP inhibition was phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Phospofructokinase was inhibited by ATP concentrations starting at about 1–2 mM, while pyruvate kinase required ATP levels above 2.5 mM before any inhibition was visible. These ATP concentrations were in the same range as measured for nitrogen- and glucose-limited cells cultivated in chemostat cultures. Other potential candidates as enzymes susceptible to ATP inhibition included hexokinase and enolase. The ATP:ADP ratio, as well as trehalose-6-phosphate levels, did not seem to influence the glycolytic activity. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autoradiography in the lung (1998)

This chapter is an attempt to assemble a set of guidelines that can be followed by investigators interested in using autoradiography as a research tool in lung biology. Different research teams have developed autoradiographic techniques suitable for pulmonary research that vary in detail, but which are substantively similar. The general aim of this document is to provide a summary of the knowledge that we have accumulated regarding the application of autoradio-graphic methods appropriate to investigations of a range of binding site-ligand interactions in the respiratory tract. While it is true to say that the methods that we have described are not the only ones that work well, it is also the case that these techniques have proven to be reliable in our hands over many years and are thus likely to be of use to the novice and the expert alike.
THE ROLE OF DIETARY FAT TO PRODUCE CHICKEN MEAT AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD: A REVIEW (2015)

Production of chicken meat is an important branch of food industry. Generally, poultry meat farmers aim to produce birds with superior body weight and feed conversion ratio. However, in line with current developments, there are other parameters that must to be taken into account such as lower body fat deposition and improvement in the nutrient composition of products corresponding to consumer requirements. Nowadays, extra focus has been given to designing and enrichment foods as functional foods, with components that have beneficial effects on human wellbeing. In definition, functional foods contain particular nutrients and / or non-nutrients that have an effect on human health, beyond what is usually known as nutritional effects. There are several compounds in foods that improve consumer’s health status. Among them the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, n-6 and n-3 series) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are the most functional and bioactives components of lipids. Chicken meat has been a common objective of nutritional modification because the absorbed dietary fatty acids from the small intestine directly enter into the chicken tissue lipids. This paper tries to review the recent findings in the area of chicken meat enrichment using dietary fats.
Stipe Trimming at Harvest Increases Shelf Life of Fresh Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) (1992)

ABSTRACT Trimming the stipe of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus , from 35 mm to 5 mm from the cap immediately after harvest resulted in improved shelf life as indicated by reduced browning and slower cap opening. This effect was evident after 3 days storage at 12°C, and became more pronounced after 6 days. Trimming the stipes had no significant effect on postharvest respiration rate or bacterial growth; thus, the shelf life improvement was due to other factors. Stipe trimming reduced the weight (yield) of saleable mushrooms by about 10%; thus, shelf life improvement would need to offset any economic loss to growers to make this practice commercially feasible.
Antiprotozoal Activity and DNA Binding of Dicationic Acridones (2015)

Dicationic acridone derivatives were synthesized and their antiparasitic activity was evaluated. Acridones displayed in vitro nanomolar IC50 values against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB900 with selectivity indices >1000. Compounds 1b, 3a, and 3b were as potent as the reference drug melarsoprol in this assay. Submicromolar-range activities were observed against wild-type (NF54) and resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whereas no significant activity was detected against Trypanosoma cruzi or Leishmania donovani. Compounds 1a and 1b were curative in the STIB900 mouse model for human African trypanosomiasis. UV spectrophotometric titrations and circular dichroism (CD) experiments with fish sperm (FS) DNA showed that these compounds form complexes with DNA with binding affinities in the 10(4) M(-1) range. Biological and biophysical data show that antiparasitic activity, toxicity, and DNA binding of this series of acridones are dependent on the relative position of both imidazolinium cations on the heterocyclic scaffold.
The oral microbiome in health and disease and the potential impact on personalized dental medicine (2011)

Every human body contains a personalized microbiome that is essential to maintaining health but capable of eliciting disease. The oral microbiome is particularly imperative to health because it can cause both oral and systemic disease. The oral microbiome rests within biofilms throughout the oral cavity, forming an ecosystem that maintains health when in equilibrium. However, certain ecological shifts in the microbiome allow pathogens to manifest and cause disease. Severe forms of oral disease may result in systemic disease at different body sites. Microbiomics and metagenomics are two fields of research that have emerged to identify the presence of specific microbes in the body and understand the nature of the microbiome activity during both health and disease. The analysis of the microbiome and its genomes will pave the way for more effective therapeutic and diagnostic techniques and, ultimately, contribute to the development of personalized medicine and personalized dental medicine.
Stepwise Differentiation of CD4 Memory T Cells Defined by Expression of CCR7 and CD27 (2005)

To study the steps in the differentiation of human memory CD4 T cells, we characterized the functional and lineage relationships of three distinct memory CD4 subpopulations distinguished by their expression of the cysteine chemokine receptor CCR7 and the TNFR family member CD27. Using the combination of these phenotypic markers, three populations were defined: the CCR7+CD27+, the CCR7-CD27+, and the CCR7-CD27- population. In vitro stimulation led to a stepwise differentiation from naive to CCR7+CD27+ to CCR7-CD27+ to CCR7-CD27-. Telomere length in these subsets differed significantly (CCR7+CD27+ > CCR7-CD27+ > CCR7-CD27-), suggesting that these subsets constituted a differentiative pathway with progressive telomere shortening reflecting antecedent in vivo proliferation. The in vitro proliferative response of these populations declined, and their susceptibility to apoptosis increased progressively along this differentiation pathway. Cytokine secretion showed a differential functional capacity of these subsets. High production of IL-10 was only observed in CCR7+CD27+, whereas IFN-gamma was produced by CCR7-CD27+ and to a slightly lesser extent by CCR7-CD27- T cells. IL-4 secretion was predominantly conducted by CCR7-CD27- memory CD4 T cells. Thus, by using both CCR7 and CD27, distinct maturational stages of CD4 memory T cells with different functional activities were defined.
A study on oral hygiene practices and habits among dental professionals in Andhra Pradesh (2011)

on the activity of perpetrating self care goals for the year 2020. WHO has setup the promotion of self care, as one of the goals for the year 20204. According to American Dental Association (ADA) Recommended Oral Self Care (ROSC) includes tooth brushing more than once a day, lesser consumption of sugar containing snacks in between meals and regular use of fluoride contains tooth paste 4. Dental professionals are role models to the public patients. Evaluation of ROSC of dental professionals will provide key to assess the knowledge and attitude of oral hygiene practice. Stammers FA in 1940 suggested the association between smoking and periodontal status. Pindborg JJ in 1947 suggested that smoking and diabetes are the strong risk factors for periodontitis5. J Orofac Sci, 3(2)2011 5 The purpose of this study is to assess oral hygiene practices among dental professionals and to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards the consequences of tobacco usages. MATERIALS AND METHODS American Dental Association (ADA) Recommended Oral Self Care (ROSC) questionnaire was given to blinded, pre-tested, customized, close-ended group of 500 dental professionals in Andhra Pradesh. The questionnaire included about oral hygiene practice, oral health behaviour, knowledge about preventive dental care and oral health concepts regarding tobacco usage and its products (Annexure I). The questionnaire form contains eighteen questions, out of which nine were about oral hygiene practices and nine pertained to oral health concepts. Out of 500 dental professionals 280(56.3%) were males and 220(44.2%) were females. The individual 35 years (71.5%), 120 were between 36 – 44 years (24%) and 25 were between 45 years (5%). The questionnaire also had vital demographic data of the dentist. Obtained data was subjected for statistical analysis using SPSS soft ware (Statistical Package for Social Studies) version 13.0. Annexure I: Questionnaire about oral hygiene practices and oral health concept11. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was evaluated using Chi – square test using logistical regression analyze to estimate difference in relation to age, sex, knowledge scores. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were defined (p 0.005).
A Model-Based Approach to Requirements Analysis for Complex Products in Engineering Design (2012)

The requirements analysis process has been identified as a core design activity for a successful product development. However, the process continues to pose significant challenges. It is challenging for many companies, because requirements are typically managed either manually using documents, or in special-purpose systems that are disconnected from the rest of the product design data. There is the lack of a collaborative attribute and the requirements analysis process is not defined with the precision and uniformity with computer-based tools as in, for instance, software engineering. Engineering design projects has become multifaceted and product complexity has increased and this demand more rigorous and formalized design practices. Modeling as well as simulation is indispensable when designing complex products.\nThis thesis investigates requirement development practices and methodologies with the social aim to improve the requirements analysis process in engineering design. Thereby, a comprehensive requirements analysis framework is developed and evaluated based on which a model-based computer support is built using formalized models of design to support the described task of requirements analysis. The work is based on the design research methodology which reflects and addresses the scientific rigor necessary and the systematic validation of knowledge in design research. A case study research is used as a supplement to identify additional characteristics and information of the requirements analysis process as it happens.\nThe main result of this dissertation can be summarized as a model-based requirements analysis process contributing to an improved requirements analysis process in engineering design. In addition, the study highlights the potential of the use of requirement checklist to ensure a conscious process to arrive at a complete collection of requirements and to improve traceability. The requirements analysis process is developed as a set of identifiable and repeatable actions, which are followed to derive, validate, manage and maintain quantifiable requirements. Therefore, providing a modeling scheme, which are easy to validate through simulation. One essential aspect highlighted is the importance of information in developing requirements. The support model creates an important basis for information system management and integration. It will also act as an information search portal and as a valuable communication source.
Survival Efficacy of Adjuvant Cytosine-Analogue CS-682 in a Fluorescent Orthotopic Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer (2004)

Adjuvant treatment with the cytosine analogue 1-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-N(4)-palmitoylcytosine (CS-682) results in a highly significant increase in survival in the aggressive orthotopic MIA-PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer mouse model. Seven days after implantation, mice were randomized into eight groups, depending on whether they were to be treated by tumor resection, 5 weeks of CS-682 chemotherapy at 40-60 mg/kg once daily, or both. Throughout the course of treatment, noninvasive optical whole-body imaging based on brilliant red fluorescent protein expression of the tumor permitted visualization and quantification of primary, metastatic, and recurrent disease. Total tumor burden negatively correlated with survival. Untreated mice died of disseminated disease with a median survival of 26 days. Surgical resection alone conferred a small but significant survival advantage (median survival, 28 days, P = 0.03). Primary CS-682 treatment at all doses also significantly prolonged survival compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05) and was more effective than surgery alone at doses of 50 and 60 mg/kg (median survival, 34 days, P = 0.045, and 38.5 days, P = 0.03, respectively). Maximal survival (median, 48 days, with 30% of animals surviving longer than 60 days) was achieved by adjuvant CS-682 (50 mg/kg), given after surgical resection of the primary pancreatic tumor (P = 0.004 compared with surgery alone). The results demonstrate that adjuvant oral administration of CS-682 for pancreatic cancer is highly effective with acceptable toxicity, suggesting its potential for cure of this disease in appropriate combinations.
[Prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in patients with acute myocardial infarction using single photon emission computed tomography with thallium-201 and iodine-123-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid]. (1995)

The relationships between myocardial perfusion, fatty acid metabolism, and cardiac function were investigated using dual single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with thallium and iodine-123-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) during the acute (10 +/- 1 days) and recovery (60 +/- 14 days) phases in 29 patients with acute myocardial infarction. There were 18 patients who underwent successful primary coronary angioplasty (PTCA group) and 11 patients who received conservative therapy (non PTCA group). Thallium and BMIPP uptakes were scored visually by a 4-point system and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by radionuclide ventriculography. Although significant positive correlations between thallium and 123I-BMIPP scores were observed during both phases, BMIPP scores were significantly lower than thallium scores in both acute and recovery phases in the PTCA group. No significant difference in thallium and 123I-BMIPP scores was observed at the recovery phase in the non PTCA group. LVEF significantly correlated with thallium and 123I-BMIPP scores in both phases in the PTCA group. Furthermore, the difference between thallium and 123I-BMIPP scores during the acute phase significantly correlated with the improvement of LVEF during the follow-up period in the PTCA group (y = 0.92x-0.77, r = 0.65, p < 0.005). These findings suggest that mismatch of perfusion and metabolism in infarcted myocardium assessed by thallium and 123I-BMIPP SPECT is increased by reperfusion therapy and persists at least until the recovery phase of myocardial infarction. The recovery of left ventricular function depends on the extent of the mismatched uptake, indicating a predictor for functional recovery following acute myocardial infarction.
A newborn screening method for cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis using bile alcohol glucuronides and metabolite ratios (2017)

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a treatable neurodegenerative metabolic disorder of bile acid synthesis in which symptoms can be prevented if treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation is initiated early in life, making CTX an excellent candidate for newborn screening. We developed a new dried blood spot (DBS) screening assay for this disorder on the basis of different ratios between the accumulating cholestanetetrol glucuronide (tetrol) and specific bile acids/bile acid intermediates, without the need for derivatization. A quarter-inch DBS punch was extracted with methanol, internal standards were added, and after concentration the extract was injected into the tandem mass spectrometer using a 2 min flow injection analysis for which specific transitions were measured for cholestanetetrol glucuronide, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (t-CDCA), and taurotrihydroxycholestanoic acid (t-THCA). A proof-of-principle experiment was performed using 217 Guthrie cards from healthy term/preterm newborns, CTX patients, and Zellweger patients. Using two calculated biomarkers, tetrol:t-CDCA and t-THCA:tetrol, this straightforward method achieved an excellent separation between DBSs of CTX patients and those of controls, Zellweger patients, and newborns with cholestasis. The results of this small pilot study indicate that the tetrol:t-CDCA ratio is an excellent derived biomarker for CTX that has the potential to be used in neonatal screening programs.
Boundary Detection of Radiographic Images by a Threshold Method. (1971)

Abstract A threshold method based on statistical principles and heuristics is developed to detect boundaries in radiographic images. Each local region of the image containing a portion of boundary is characterized by a mixture of two (normal) intensity distributions. Thresholds are set dynamically according to local, rather than global, characteristics estimated from the observed intensity histograms. A program to implement the method has been written. Experimental results on cardioangiograms are presented to successfully demonstrate the feasibility of the method for low quality images. The method is insensitive to shading or gradually varying interference.
ORAL EFFICACY OF THE MACROLIDE IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT SDZ RAD AND OF CYCLOSPORINE MICROEMULSION IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY KIDNEY ALLOTRANSPLANTATION (2000)

SDZ RAD, in the absence of any other immunosuppressant and at doses that do not show any overt toxicity, considerably prolongs rejection-free survival of cynomolgus monkeys after life-supporting kidney allotransplantation.
Reducing the Annotation Burden in Text Classification (2009)

In this paper we describe a method which combines semi-supervised and active learning for the classification task. In particular, we propose a semi-supervised PLSA (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis) algorithm [4] combined with a certainty-based active learning method, in order to classify text documents.
Augmented venous return for minimally invasive open heart surgery with selective caval cannulation (1999)

Despite the smaller diameter of the vena cavae compared to the right atrium, and a smaller internal diameter of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass cannulae compared to classic ones; the centrifugal pump improves the venous drainage significantly so that minimally invasive open heart procedures can be performed under optimal and safe perfusion conditions.
Parallelizing subroutines in sequential programs (1994)

An algorithm for making sequential programs parallel is described, which first identifies all subroutines, then determines the appropriate execution mode and restructures the code. It works recursively to parallelize the entire program. We use Fortran in our work, but many of the concepts apply to other languages. Our hardware model is a shared-memory multiprocessor system with a fixed number of identical processors, each with its own local memory connected to a common memory that is accessible to all processors equally. The model implements interprocessor synchronization and communication via special memory locations or special storage. Systems like the Cray X-MP, IBM 3090, and Alliant FX/8 fit this model. Our input is a sequential, structured Fortran program with no overlapping branches. With today's emphasis on writing structured code, this restriction is reasonable. A prototype of a system to implement the algorithm is under development on an IBM 3090 multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>