gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED YIELD OF β-CAROTENE FROM MICROALGAE SPIRULINA PLATENSIS USING ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION (2015)

Microalgae Spirulina has been considered as the rich nutrition microorganism including β-carotene. The β-carotene plays an important role in human’s body as an antioxidant. The extraction of this compound from microalgae by using conventional method resulted low yield and required longer extraction time. The objective of this research was to investigate the use of ultrasound irradiation to assist extraction of β-carotene in order to accelerate the extraction process and increase the yield. The experiment was conducted by varying extraction variables such as solvent volume (20, 40, 60 ml) and extraction time (5, 15, 25 minutes) on a fixed temperature of 40°C. The result showed that the optimum condition was at ultrasound frequency of 40kHz, extraction time of 25 minutes and ratio of biomass to solvent 1:6, while the maximum yield was 1.38 mg/mL.
Probability of detection for fluctuating targets (1960)

This report considers the probability of detection off a target by a pulsed search radar, when the target has a fluctuating cross section. Formulas for detection probability are derived, and curves off detection probability vs, range are given, for four different target fluctuation models. The investigation shows that, for these fluctuation models, the probability of detection for a fluctuating target is less than that for a non-fluctuating target if the range is sufficiently short, and is greater if the range is sufficiently long. The amount by which the fluctuating and non-fluctuating cases differ depends on the rapidity of fluctuation and on the statistical distribution of the fluctuations. Figure 18, p. 307, shows a comparison between the non-fluctuating case and the four fluctuating cases considered.
Exploiting transistor-level reconfiguration to optimize combinational circuits (2017)

Silicon nanowire reconfigurable field effect transistors (SiNW RFETs) abolish the physical separation of n-type and p-type transistors by taking up both roles in a configurable way within a doping-free technology. However, the potential of transistor-level reconfigurability has not been demonstrated in larger circuits, so far. In this paper, we present first steps to a new compact and efficient design of combinational circuits by employing transistor-level reconfiguration. We contribute new basic gates realized with silicon nanowires, such as 2/3-XOR and MUX gates. Exemplifying our approach with 4-bit, 8-bit and 16-bit conditional carry adders, we were able to reduce the number of transistors to almost one half. With our current case study we show that SiNW technology can reduce the required chip area by 16 despite larger size of the individual transistor, and improve circuit speed by 26%.
Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA:tyramine N‐hydroxycinnamoyltransferase from tobacco (1999)

The sequences of three cDNA clones that include the complete coding region of hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA:tyramine N‐hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (THT) from tobacco are reported. The three cDNAs were isolated by antibody screening of a cDNA expression library produced from poly(A) + RNA purified from tobacco leaves ( Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bottom Special), previously infiltrated with an incompatible strain of Ralstonia solanacearum . The identity of these clones was confirmed by the detection of THT activity in extracts of transformed Escherichia coli and by matching the translated polypeptides with tryptic enzyme sequences. cDNA clones tht4 and tht11 differ only by their 5′ leader and 3′ UTRs and therefore encode the same protein, whereas tht10 and tht11 exhibit 95 and 99% sequence identity at the DNA and deduced amino acid levels, respectively. The three clones encode proteins of 226 amino acids with calculated molecular masses of 26 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequences show no similarity with the sequence of anthranilate hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase from Dianthus caryophyllus , the only enzyme exhibiting hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity to be cloned so far in plants. In contrast, comparison of the THT amino acid sequence with protein sequence databases revealed substantial homology with mammalian diamine acetyltransferases. The THT clones hybridized to a 0.95‐kb mRNA from elicited tobacco cell‐suspension cultures and also to a mRNA of similar size from wound‐healing potato tubers. The messengers for THT were also found to be expressed at relatively high levels in tobacco root tissues. Southern hybridization of tobacco genomic DNA with THT cDNA suggests that several copies of the THT gene occur in the tobacco genome. Inhibition experiments using amino‐acid‐specific reagents demonstrated that both histidyl and cysteyl residues are required for THT activity. In the course of these experiments THT was also found to be inhibited by (2‐hydroxyphenyl) amino sulfinyl acetic acid 1,1‐dimethylethyl ester, an irreversible inhibitor of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.
Designed catalysts. A synthetic network polymer that catalyzes the dehydrofluorination of 4-fluoro-4-(p-nitrophenyl)butan-2-one (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesigned catalysts. A synthetic network polymer that catalyzes the dehydrofluorination of 4-fluoro-4-(p-nitrophenyl)butan-2-oneJames V. Beach and Kenneth J. SheaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 379–380Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (260 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 and Stem Cell Factor Promote Primordial Follicle Formation in the Hamster: Modulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone1 (2004)

Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and stem cell factor (SCF) influence follicle formation beyond the primary stage; however, factors influencing the formation of primordial follicles remain elusive. To determine whether GDF-9 and SCF promoted primordial follicle formation during ovarian morphogenesis in the hamster, and whether FSH had any modulatory influence, fetal ovaries were collected on Gestation Day 15 from pregnant hamsters treated with or without an FSH antiserum on Gestation Day 12 and cultured in vitro up to Day 9 with SCF, GDF-9, or FSH. The percentages and diameters of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles and their oocytes were determined by morphometric evaluation, and the expression of GDF-9 was detected by immunolocalization. SCF, GDF-9, and FSH promoted primordial and primary follicle formation, but GDF-9 was more efficient. The diameters of the follicles developed under GDF-9 or FSH, but not SCF, compared well with those developed in vivo. FSH- and GDF-9-induced folliculogenesis was attenuated by the SCF antibody. Similarly, in vitro formation of primordial follicles decreased markedly in ovaries exposed to the FSH antiserum in utero, which was reversed by SCF, GDF-9, or FSH; however, GDF-9 had a profound effect on follicular development. GDF-9 protein appeared exclusively in the oocytes on Postnatal Day 4; however, it appeared in vitro by 48 h, and the expression was upregulated by FSH. These results suggest that although SCF-induced primordial follicle formation constitutes primarily somatic cell development, GDF-9 influences both the oocyte and its companion somatic cells. FSH plays an important role in primordial folliculogenesis in the hamster via GDF-9 and SCF.
Calcium phosphorus and vitamin D necessary for good teeth (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalcium phosphorus and vitamin D necessary for good teethScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1930, 7, 1, 68Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1930Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1930Published inissue 1 January 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/ed007p68.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (648 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Novel cell-penetrating peptide-adaptors effect intracellular delivery and endosomal escape of protein cargos (2016)

There was an error published in J. Cell Sci. 129, 893–897.In Fig. 2, the -TaT-CaM images shown in panel C were inadvertently duplicated as the -TaT-CaM images in panel B. The correct Fig. 2 is shown below. There are no changes to the figure legend, which is accurate. This error does not affect the conclusions of the study. The authors apologise to the readers for any confusion that this error might have caused.
A Miniature Instrument for Residual Stress Measurement (1983)

Abstract The Pennsylvania State University has developed and tested a miniature x-ray instrument for the measurement of residual stress (strains). The stress head including x-ray source and detection surface is approximately four and one-half inches long and can be inserted into an orifice less than two and one-half inches in diameter. This head is on the end of a several-foot long cable and is extremely manipulatable. The instrumentation design is based upon a unique position sensitive scintillation detector which ie capable of applying the single-exposure x-ray stress measurement technique. Total lapse time data collection periods for aluminum alloys are less than ten seconds with x-ray tube powers of 120 watts. Results from a four-point bend test on an aluminum alloy specimen showed excellent precision. The configuration of the instrument and the procedures for its application are described.
Adhesion characteristics of oxygen plasma-treated rayon fibers (1994)

The effect of oxygen plasma treatment of fiber on the adhesion between regenerated cellulose fiber and polyethylene (PE) was investigated using the single-fiber fragmentation test. In addition to allowing the determination of the interfacial shear strength, the fragmentation test provided a great deal of useful information on shear stress transfer and failure mechanisms in the systems. It was found that oxygen plasma treatment considerably enhanced the interfacial adhesion, as established by both the shear strength values that were measured and the birefringence patterns observed. The influence of the duration of treatment on adhesion was studied and found to be a very important parameter. The roles of surface chemistry, surface energetics, and surface topography of fiber in the interaction balance were investigated using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was seen that neither the plasma-induced changes in the surface energetics nor those in the surface topography could have exerted a positive effect on adhesion. Instead, the improved adhesion was ascribed to covalent bonds formed between the fiber and the matrix, as hydroperoxides, which were created on the fiber surface by the plasma treatment, decomposed during the fabrication of single-fiber specimens.
Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor 1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells facilitates tumor cell dissemination but does not support the development of macrometastases in the lungs or lymph nodes. (1999)

Mice bearing primary tumors produced by LacZ-tagged MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells transfected with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 have frequent micrometastases, but macrometastases are not observed. i.v. injection of FGF-1-transfected tumor cells produced no pulmonary macrometastases, and removal of primary tumors resulted in the disappearance of spontaneous micrometastases. Thus, failure of micrometastases to proliferate was not due to inhibitory factors released from the primary tumor, and the presence of the primary tumor is required for maintenance of the micrometastases. This indicates that the micrometastases result from continued seeding from the primary tumor balanced by clearance from the metastatic site. Tumor emboli trapped in the vessels of lungs and lymph nodes and single tumor cells observed in the pulmonary vein implied that FGF-1-overexpressing MCF-7 cells are deficient in their ability to extravasate. The frequency of tumor cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine was consistently lower in lung tissues when compared with primary tumors, indicating that disseminated tumor cells were unable to maintain a high rate of proliferation. Increased angiogenesis resulting from FGF-1 production by the transfected cells with a concomitant increased rate of intravasation into developing blood vessels may be the underlying determinant of spontaneous micrometastasis produced by these cells when compared with parental MCF-7 cells.
Start-up Procedure and Soft-starting Strategy for Dual Active Bridge Converter (2020)

Dual active bridge converters are widely used in applications with high power density and bidirectional power transmission, such as distributed energy, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. Aiming at the problems of DC bias and shock of the inductor current during the start-up of the dual active bridge converter, this paper focuses on the analysis of the start-up process of the dual active bridge converter with active load at two start timings and proposes two new soft-start methods. The first method is to achieve fast soft start by changing the start timing. And the second is to gradually increase the duty cycle of the square wave voltage of the AC sides of the H-bridge and adjust the output current reference simultaneously to achieve the soft start of the DAB converter.Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis of the start-up process of the DAB converter with active load and the proposed method for suppressing start-up inrush current and DC bias are verified by simulation.
A guide to the application-oriented selection of AC/AC converter topologies (1993)

A comprehensive review and a comparative evaluation of AC/AC converter topologies are presented. The aim is to provide guidelines for selecting an optimum technology for a given application. The topologies are discussed and evaluated based on the type of link they use. The essential features associated with the links are included. Mixed topologies, which are the focus of significant research activity, are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A survey on cloud computing resource allocation techniques (2013)

Cloud Computing is a type of computing which can be considered as a new era of computing. Cloud can be considered as a rapidly emerging new paradigm for delivering computing as a utility. In cloud computing various cloud consumers demand variety of services as per their dynamically changing needs. So it is the job of cloud computing to avail all the demanded services to the cloud consumers. But due to the availability of finite resources it is very difficult for cloud providers to provide all the demanded services. From the cloud providers' perspective cloud resources must be allocated in a fair manner. So, it's a vital issue to meet cloud consumers' QoS requirements and satisfaction. This paper mainly addresses key performance issues, challenges and techniques for resource allocation in cloud computing. It also focuses on the key issues related to these existing resource allocation techniques and summarizes them.
Relationship between oversizing of self-expanding stents and late loss index in carotid stenting (1998)

Stenting of the internal carotid artery is facilitated by stenting across the carotid bifurcation and sizing the diameter of a self-expanding stent to the large common carotid segment. This usually results in marked oversizing of the self-expanding stent in the internal carotid segment. This study was done to determine the relationship between stent oversizing and late luminal loss index after stenting of the internal carotid artery. Between September 1995 and March 1997, there were 165 patients (189 vessels) who underwent successful carotid stenting with self-expanding stents. Fifty-nine patients (63 vessels) had six-month follow-up carotid angiograms and on-line quantitative angiographic analysis. The mean reference diameter of the internal carotid arteries was 4.93+/-1.31 mm. Nominal stent size was 5 mm in 4 patients, 6 mm in 6 patients, 8 mm in 106 patients, 10 mm in 77 patients, and 12 mm in 1 patient. The average stent/patient was 1.03+/-0.16. There were three patients who had more than 50% diameter renarrowing at follow-up. The mean late loss index was 0.25+/-0.41. By linear regression analysis, there was no clear linear relationship between stent oversizing and late loss index after stenting (correlation coefficient = -0.21, P = 0.09). When analysis of variance with linear contrast was used to analyze six groups of different stent/artery ratios (from 1.4 to > or = 2), late loss indexes are significantly lower in the groups of high stent/artery ratio than the groups of low stent/artery ratio (P = 0.01). The process of oversizing of self-expanding stents deployed in the internal carotid artery does not appear to be associated with late restenosis and high stent/artery ratio seems to be associated with low late loss index.
Effects of small interfering RNAs targeting Fascin on gene expression in oral cancer cells (2009)

Our results suggest that expression of Fascin protein may play an essential role in regulation of progression of OSCC and contributes to the event of EMT in the early aggressiveness of OSCC.
Pyridazine Derivatives. IV. The Structures of Aminopyridazines. (1963)

The infrared absorption spectra of the two aminopyridazines were observed and compared with those of the three aminopyridines and aniline. The amino-form of the two aminopyridazines was confirmed, and at the same time the structural similarity of 4-aminopyridazine with 4-aminopyridine was shown by their infrared spectra. Similarly, the spectrum of 3-aminopyridazine was close to that of 2-aminopyridine. In addition, the correlation between the position and the nature of substituent was discussed.
Alternative Methodologies for the Determination of Aldehydes by Capillary Electrophoresis (1999)

Abstract This paper describes 2 alternative methodologies for the determination of selected aldehydes (form-aldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, and benzaldehyde) by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The first approach is based on the formation of aldehyde-bisulfite adducts and employs free solution CE with reversed electroosmotic flow and indirect detection, using 10 mmol/L 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (pH 4.5) containing 0.2 mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the electrolyte. This novel methodology showed a fairly good sensitivity to concentration, with detection limits with respect to a single aldehyde on the order of 10-40 μg/L, a reasonable analysis time (separation was achieved in &lt;8 min), and no need for sample manipulation. A second approach was proposed in which 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of the aldehydes were detected in a micellar electrolyte medium (20 mmol/L borate buffer containing 50 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 15 mmol/L β-cyclodextrin). This latter methodology included a laborious sample preconcentration step and showed much poorer sensitivity (0.5-2 mg/L detection limit, with respect to a single aldehyde), despite the use of sodium chloride to promote sample stacking. Both methodologies proved adequate to evaluate aldehyde levels in vehicular emissions. Samples from the tailpipe exhaust of a passenger car vehicle without a catalytic converter and operated with an ethanol-based fuel were collected and analyzed; the results showed high levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (0.41-6.1 ppm, v/v). The concentrations estimated by the 2 methodologies, which were not in good agreement, suggest the possibility of striking differences in sample collection efficiency, which was not the concern of this work.
Lanthanide Nitrates as Effective Promoters of a Ru/Al2O3 Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis (1990)

Abstract Nitrates of La, Ce, and Sm were proved to be better promoters than CsNO3 for an ammonia synthesis Ru/Al2O3 catalyst. A small amount of lanthanide nitrate (M/Ru = 1) was as effective as a large amount of CsNO3 (Cs/Ru = 10) for 2wt% Ru/Al2O3 prepared from Ru3(CO)12.
ERG Conductance Expression Modulates the Excitability of Ventral Horn GABAergic Interneurons That Control Rhythmic Oscillations in the Developing Mouse Spinal Cord (2007)

During antenatal development, the operation and maturation of mammalian spinal networks strongly depend on the activity of ventral horn GABAergic interneurons that mediate excitation first and inhibition later. Although the functional consequence of GABA actions may depend on maturational processes in target neurons, it is also likely that evolving changes in GABAergic transmission require fine-tuning in GABA release, probably via certain intrinsic mechanisms regulating GABAergic neuron excitability at different embryonic stages. Nevertheless, it has not been possible, to date, to identify certain ionic conductances upregulated or downregulated before birth in such cells. By using an experimental model with either mouse organotypic spinal cultures or isolated spinal cord preparations, the present study examined the role of the ERG current (I(K(ERG))), a potassium conductance expressed by developing, GABA-immunoreactive spinal neurons. In organotypic cultures, only ventral interneurons with fast adaptation and GABA immunoreactivity, and only after 1 week in culture, were transformed into high-frequency bursters by E4031, a selective inhibitor of I(K(ERG)) that also prolonged and made more regular spontaneous bursts. In the isolated spinal cord in which GABA immunoreactivity and m-erg mRNA were colocalized in interneurons, ventral root rhythms evoked by NMDA plus 5-hydroxytryptamine were stabilized and synchronized by E4031. All of these effects were lost after 2 weeks in culture or before birth in coincidence with decreased m-erg expression. These data suggest that, during an early stage of spinal cord development, the excitability of GABAergic ventral interneurons important for circuit maturation depended, at least in part, on the function of I(K(ERG)).