gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The angiogenesis inhibitor protease-activated kringles 1–5 reduces the severity of murine collagen-induced arthritis (2002)

During rheumatoid arthritis there is enlargement and increased cellularity of the synovial lining of joints, before invasion by the synovium of the underlying cartilage and bone. This increased tissue mass requires a network of blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen. Disruption of synovial angiogenesis is thus a desirable aim of antiarthritic therapies. Protease-activated kringles 1-5 (K1-5) is an angiogenesis inhibitor related to angiostatin. In common with angiostatin, K1-5 contains the first four kringle domains of plasminogen, but also encompasses the kringle 5 domain, which confers enhanced antiangiogenic activity when compared with angiostatin. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect on murine arthritis of K1-5. Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice by a single injection of bovine collagen. Treatment with K1-5 was commenced on the day of arthritis onset and continued for 10 days, until the end of the experiment. Daily intraperitoneal administration of K1-5 (2 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced both paw swelling and clinical score (a composite index of the number of arthritic limbs and the severity of disease). The clinical efficacy of this treatment was reflected by a reduction in joint inflammation and destruction, as assessed histologically. These data suggest that antiangiogenic therapies, which block formation of new blood vessels and hence reduce synovial expansion, might be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
NOx Reduction with EGR in a Diesel Engine Using Emulsified Fuel (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper investigates the combined effect of EGR and emulsified fuels on engine performance. The influence of intake air temperature (25∼86°C) on engine performance was examined prior to uncooled EGR experiments. Compared with gas oil, emulsified fuel gave simultaneous improvements in NOx concentration, smoke density, and specific fuel consumption (BSFC) over the tested range. The effect of EGR on engine performance were investigated with various water to fuel ratios at two load conditions (BMEP=0.52MPa and 0.26MPa). It was confirmed that at 11% EGR with the emulsified fuel at the rated output resulted in a significant reduction in NOx concentration without worsening smoke density and BSFC.</div>
Increased Heating Efficiency and Selective Thermal Ablation of Malignant Tissue with DNA-Encased Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Nanoparticles, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), strongly absorb near-infrared (nIR) radiation and efficiently convert absorbed energy to released heat which can be used for localized hyperthermia applications. We demonstrate for the first time that DNA-encasement increases heat emission following nIR irradiation of MWNTs, and DNA-encased MWNTs can be used to safely eradicate a tumor mass in vivo. Upon irradiation of DNA-encased MWNTs, heat is generated with a linear dependence on irradiation time and laser power. DNA-encasement resulted in a 3-fold reduction in the concentration of MWNTs required to impart a 10 degrees C temperature increase in bulk solution temperature. A single treatment consisting of intratumoral injection of MWNTs (100 microL of a 500 microg/mL solution) followed by laser irradiation at 1064 nm, 2.5 W/cm(2) completely eradicated PC3 xenograft tumors in 8/8 (100%) of nude mice. Tumors that received only MWNT injection or laser irradiation showed growth rates indistinguishable from nontreated control tumors. Nonmalignant tissues displayed no long-term damage from treatment. The results demonstrate that DNA-encased MWNTs are more efficient at converting nIR irradiation into heat compared to nonencased MWNTs and that DNA-encased MWNTs can be used safely and effectively for the selective thermal ablation of malignant tissue in vivo.
Perception of Motion in Equiluminous Kinematograms (1985)

Two fields of random dots that were identical except for a slight shift in a central square region were presented in rapid alternation. This produced a vivid impression of a square moving back and forth above the background. When the kinematogram is presented in equiluminous red/green, the motion of the central region can still be seen, although over a narrower range of alternation rates, interstimulus intervals, and displacements than for black/white presentation. The perception of motion for equiluminous stimuli indicates that colour and motion can be analyzed conjointly by the visual system. However, as originally reported by Ramachandran and Gregory, the segregation of the oscillating central square from the background is lost at equiluminance. This segregation process therefore appears to be colour-blind.
Conversion of Methanol to Lower Olefins. Kinetic Modeling, Reactor Simulation, and Selection (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of Methanol to Lower Olefins. Kinetic Modeling, Reactor Simulation, and SelectionA. N. Rene Bos, Peter J. J. Tromp, and Henk N. AkseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 11, 3808–3816Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00038a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00038a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2389Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the self-regulation of the occipital alpha rhythm: Control strategies, states of consciousness, and the role of physiological feedback. (1976)

In an experiment investigating the self-control of occipital alpha strength, a factorial design was employed with two levels of feedback (available or non-available), three levels of instruction (Cognitive, Oculomotor, and none), and two levels of lighting (on and off), except that the no-feedback-no-instruction group was not run. The Cognitive instructions were based on the strategies reported in the literature: To generate alpha, persons were instructed to relax, "let go", try to feel pleasant and serene, and allow themselves to review pleasant personal experiences; to suppress alpha, persons were instructed to concentrate, try hard, exert themselves mentally, and try to fell anxious or frustrated. The Oculomotor instructions to generate alpha were to visually blur and not focus, and to suppress alpha were to "look" and focus. The results led to the following conclusions: (a) Feedback-augmented enhancement and suppression of occipital alpha strength is always mediated by learned control of oculomotor processes, although sometimes persons are not aware that they are employing this strategy, especially in the case of alpha enhancement; alpha feedback trainees learn to "not look" in order to enhance alpha strength. (b) Whenever Cognitive strategies are successful in producing alpha strength changes, this is due to the fact that they can be efficient mediators of changes in oculomotor processes. (c) Feedback together with simple Oculomotor instructions leads to more successful alpha control than either alone. (d) High or enhanced levels of occipital alpha strength are not invariably accompanied by the "alpha experience", in fact, if a person is not led to expect it, the alpha experience will usually not occur during occipital alpha enhancement feedback. (e) States of nonsensory awareness, such as an absorption in thoughts and feelings, are reliably associated with enhanced occipital alpha strength. This association is what would be expected: Since vision is the dominant sensory modality in humans, it is reasonable that when visual processing is reduced during alpha enhancement feedback that there is also reduced sensory awareness in general and often greater attention to thoughts and feelings. (f) Alpha feedback per se is neither necessary for nor especially facilitative of the achievement of the alpha experience. Thus, if the alpha experience is more likely to occur with alpha feedback than without it, this is due to the special circumstances that make up the feedback situation and not due to alpha feedback per se.
VisPortal: Deploying Grid-enabled Visualization Tools through a Web-portal Interface (2003)

The LBNL/NERSC Visportal effort explores ways to deliver advanced Remote/Distributed Visualization(RDV) capabilities through a Grid-enabled web-portal interface. The effort focuses on latency tolerant distributed visualization algorithms, GUI designs that are more appropriate for the capabilities of web interfaces, and refactoring parallel-distributed applications to work in a N-tiered component deployment strategy. Most importantly, our aim is to leverage commercially supported technology as much as possible in order to create a deployable, supportable, and hence viable platform for delivering grid-based visualization services to collaboratory users.
Active shape models with invariant optimal features (IOF-ASM) application to cardiac MRI segmentation (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of accurate segmentation of the endocardial contours of both ventricles and the epicardium of the entire heart. It reports on an extension of the active shape model framework making use of a non-linear appearance model as in the optimal features ASMs (OF-ASM) approach by van Ginneken et al. and incorporating a reduced set of differential Cartesian invariant features as local image descriptors. The new method is coined invariant optimal features ASM (IOF- ASM). Validation results on a vast cardiac MR data-set have shown that the new approach outperforms the original ASM (p < 0.001) and that both optimal features algorithms have barely the same performance, yielding reliable segmentations.
Using a programmable network switch TCAM to find the best alignment of two DNA sequences (2016)

With the latest advances in molecular biology, a huge amount of data is being generated each day at the labs. The need to process this data in an efficient way poses a challenge for the modern computational infrastructure. One of the most common operations in computational biology is sequence comparison. In this paper we present a method and implementation prototype to find the best alignments between two DNA sequences, using a ternary context addressable memory (TCAM) and modern switch programming paradigms. These elements allows utilizing the existing processing power of high performance switch processors to perform a variety of general purpose computations. We present a simple framework and an implementation to find DNA alignments involving substrings of sequences.
SAXS Analysis of the Thermal Relaxation of Anisotropic Morphologies in Oriented Nafion Membranes (2006)

The current study uses variable temperature, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to examine the thermal relaxation behavior of oriented Nafion films as a means to evaluate the morphological stability of this ionomer at elevated temperatures. The SAXS patterns of uniaxially oriented films are characterized by strong equatorial scattering peaks which are attributed to scattering arising from the oriented ionic domains (ionomer peak ca. q = 2 nm-1). The intensity of the equatorial peaksobtained from integration in the azimuthal direction (χ)and the degree of orientationcalculated using the Hermans orientation function (f)were monitored as a function of temperature. At lower temperatures, a constant value of f and a correlation between the β relaxation and a slight decrease in the scattering intensity of the equatorial peaks are in agreement with our earlier assignment of the β relaxation to the Tg of Nafion. At temperatures in the vicinity of the β relaxation, the static electrostatic network inhibits long-range molecular relaxation and yields a persistent anisotropic morphology. In contrast, significant changes in intensity of the equatorial peaks and values of the orientation parameter at elevated temperatures were shown to correlate well with the α relaxation observed in DMA. At temperatures in the vicinity of the α relaxation, a significant destabilization of the oriented electrostatic network occurs (i.e., through the activation of a dynamic network involving significant ion-hopping processes), thus facilitating the observed relaxation to an isotropic morphology. Therefore, morphological stability in this ionomer is principally governed by the thermal stability of the electrostatic network and not the glass transition.
Interactions of Influenza A Virus with Sialic Acids Present on Porcine Surfactant Protein D (2003)

Pigs can be infected with both human and avian influenza A virus (IAV) strains and are therefore considered to be important intermediates in the emergence of new IAV strains due to mixing of viral genes derived from human, avian, or porcine influenza viruses. These reassortant strains may have potential to cause pandemic influenza outbreaks in humans. The innate immune response against IAV plays a significant role in containment of IAV in the airways. We studied the interactions of IAV with porcine surfactant protein D (pSP-D), an important component of this first line defense system. Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate. Analysis by both lectin staining and by cleavage with linkage-specific sialidases shows that the carbohydrate of pSP-D is exclusively sialylated with alpha(2,6)-linked SAs, in contrast to surfactant protein A, which contains both alpha(2,3)- and alpha(2,6)-linked SAs on its N-linked carbohydrate. Enzymatic modification of the SA-linkages present on pSP-D demonstrates that the type of SA-linkage is important for its hemagglutination-inhibitory activity, and correlates with receptor-binding specificity of the IAV strains. The SAs present on pSP-D appear especially important for interactions with poorly glycosylated IAV strains. It remains to be elucidated to what extent the unique sialylation profile of pSP-D is involved in host range control of IAV in pigs, and whether it facilitates adaptation of avian or human IAV strains that can contribute to the production of reassortant strains in pigs.
The release of genetically modified crops into the environment (2003)

Despite numerous future promises, there is a multitude of concerns about the impact of GM crops on the environment. Key issues in the environmental assessment of GM crops are putative invasiveness, vertical or horizontal gene flow, other ecological impacts, effects on biodiversity and the impact of presence of GM material in other products. These are all highly interdisciplinary and complex issues. A crucial component for a proper assessment is defining the appropriate baseline for comparison and decision. For GM crops, the best and most appropriately defined reference point is the impact of plants developed by traditional breeding. The latter is an integral and accepted part of agriculture. In many instances, the putative impacts identified for GM crops are very similar to the impacts of new cultivars derived from traditional breeding. When assessing GM crops relative to existing cultivars, the increased knowledge base underpinning the development of GM crops will provide greater confidence in the assurances plant science can give on the risks of releasing such crops.
Folic Acid Food Fortification—Its History, Effect, Concerns, and Future Directions (2011)

Periconceptional intake of folic acid is known to reduce a woman's risk of having an infant affected by a neural tube birth defect (NTD). National programs to mandate fortification of food with folic acid have reduced the prevalence of NTDs worldwide. Uncertainty surrounding possible unintended consequences has led to concerns about higher folic acid intake and food fortification programs. This uncertainty emphasizes the need to continually monitor fortification programs for accurate measures of their effect and the ability to address concerns as they arise. This review highlights the history, effect, concerns, and future directions of folic acid food fortification programs.
Heparin sorptivity and blood compatibility of carbon surfaces (1970)

Abstract The influences of the conditioning treatments, surface topography, and crystal structure of carbonaceous surfaces on their ability to sorb heparin and their in vivo compatibility with blood were investigated. The results of the sorption studies indicated that the adsorption of heparin on the surfaces of turbostratic and graphitic materials is not crystallographically selective and that the amount adsorbed on relatively smooth surfaces is near the amount expected for monolayer formation. Although the adsorption of heparin on relatively smooth carbon surfaces is not influenced by the presence of benzalkonium chloride, the sorption of heparin in porous carbons can be greatly increased by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride. This increase was found to be due to the formation and entrapment of the insoluble heparin‐benzalkonium complex in the accessible porosity. Since the heparin sorptions in Dag‐154 coatings were found to be enhanced by a pretreatment with benzalkonium chloride, it was inferred that these coatings contain accessible porosity and that their initial thromboresistance depends on the formation of the benzalkonium‐heparin complex in pores. In vivo tests showed that polished and outgassed, impermeable isotropic carbons deposited at low temperatures were significantly thromboresistant without the exogenous application of heparin. There was no relationship between the amount of heparin sorbed on these materials and their compatibility with blood. Polishing, for example, which reduced heparin sorption, enhanced the thromboresistance of these carbons, and while chemisorption of oxygen markedly reduced their thromboresistance, it did not influence the amount of heparin that could be sorbed. Although the heparin‐benzalkonium complex sorbed in a porous carbon conferred excellent thromoboresistance in a 2‐hr test, the long‐tern (14‐day) compatibility was not as good as for carbon surfaces that were deposited at low temperatures and then polished and outgassed prior to implanting. In vivo tests of HTI carbon structures and annealed LTI carbons indicate that the blood compatibility of a turbostratic carbon is not significantly dependent on crystallite size, L e . Limited tests of surfaces that had a preponderance of c‐faces oriented parallel to the blood‐carbon interface at the surface suggest that orientations of this sort are better than others.
Real-time, Doppler global velocimetry (1991)

A new optical Doppler-velocimetry technique for seeded flow fields illuminated by a monochromatic laser light sheet has been developed. In contrast to conventional laser Doppler velocimetry based on scanned, point-by-point measurement, this technique yields global, simultaneous, quantitative visualization of the flow velocities over the illuminated plane. This technique is applied to a free-expansion jet at near sonic velocities in a small wind tunnel. 8 refs.
Decontamination Effect of the Spindle and 222-Nanometer Krypton-Chlorine Excimer Lamp Combination against Pathogens on Apples ( <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.) and Bell Peppers ( <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) (2019)

In this study, we developed a washing system capable of decontaminating fresh produce by combining the Spindle apparatus, which detaches microorganisms on sample surfaces, and a 222-nm krypton-chlorine excimer lamp (KrCl excilamp) (Sp-Ex) and investigated their decontamination effect against <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7, <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium, and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> on apple (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.) and bell pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) surfaces. Initial levels of the three pathogens were approximately 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/sample. Both <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>S.</i> Typhimurium were reduced to below the detection limit (2.0 log CFU/sample) after 5 and 7 min of treatment on apple and bell pepper surfaces, respectively. The amounts of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> on apple and bell pepper surfaces were reduced by 4.26 and 5.48 logs, respectively, after 7 min of treatment. The decontamination effect of the Sp-Ex was influenced by the hydrophobicity of the sample surface as well as the microbial cell surface, and the decontamination effect decreased as the two hydrophobicity values increased. To improve the decontamination effect of the Sp-Ex, Tween 20, a surfactant that weakens the hydrophobic interaction between the sample surface and pathogenic bacteria, was incorporated into Sp-Ex processing. It was found that its decontamination effect was significantly (<i>P < </i>0.05) increased by the addition of 0.1% Tween 20. Sp-Ex did not cause significant quality changes in apple or bell pepper surfaces during 7 days storage following treatment (<i>P > </i>0.05). Our results suggest that Sp-Ex could be applied as a system to control pathogens in place of chemical sanitizer washing by the fresh-produce industry.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Although most fresh-produce processing currently controls pathogens by means of washing with sanitizers, there are still problems such as the generation of harmful substances and changes in product quality. A combination system composed of the Spindle and a 222-nm KrCl excilamp (Sp-Ex) developed in this study reduced pathogens on apple and bell pepper surfaces using sanitizer-free water without altering produce color and texture. This study demonstrates the potential of the Sp-Ex to replace conventional washing with sanitizers, and it can be used as baseline data for practical application by industry. In addition, implementation of the Sp-Ex developed in this study is expected not only to meet consumer preference for fresh, minimally processed produce but also to reduce human exposure to harmful chemicals while being beneficial to the environment.
The Relationship between Primary and Secondary Recrystallization Texture of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel (2002)

The relationship between primary and secondary recrystallization texture of grain oriented silicon steel, of which process is the only one case applying the secondary recrystallization phenomenon in the steel industry, was examined. The specimens with various kinds of the primary texture were obtained by changing the cold rolling reduction and carbon content, and were secondary-recrystallized by injected inhibitor method. It was reconfirmed that in order to realize the sharp Goss orientation ({110}<001>), the intensity of Σ9 coincidence boundaries for Goss orientation will be strong and Σ9 coincidence boundaries will move faster than Σ5 boundaries.