gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organocuprate-mediated methods for the stereospecific introduction of steroid side chains at C-20 (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganocuprate-mediated methods for the stereospecific introduction of steroid side chains at C-20Norman R. Schmuff and Barry M. TrostCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 9, 1404–1412Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00157a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00157a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views745Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BNC105: A Novel Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor That Selectively Disrupts Tumor Vasculature and Displays Single-Agent Antitumor Efficacy (2010)

Vascular disruption agents (VDA) cause occlusion of tumor vasculature, resulting in hypoxia-driven tumor cell necrosis. Tumor vascular disruption is a therapeutic strategy of great potential; however, VDAs currently under development display a narrow therapeutic margin, with cardiovascular toxicity posing a dose-limiting obstacle. Discovery of new VDAs, which display a wider therapeutic margin, may allow attainment of improved clinical outcomes. To identify such compounds, we used an in vitro selectivity screening approach that exploits the fact that tumor endothelial cells are in a constant state of activation and angiogenesis and do not undergo senescence. Our effort yielded the compound BNC105. This compound acts as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and displays 80-fold higher potency against endothelial cells that are actively proliferating or are engaged in the formation of in vitro capillaries compared with nonproliferating endothelial cells or endothelium found in stable capillaries. This selectivity was not observed with CA4, a VDA currently under evaluation in phase III clinical trials. BNC105 is more potent and offers a wider therapeutic window. CA4 produces 90% vascular disruption at its no observed adverse event level (NOAEL), whereas BNC105 causes 95% vascular disruption at 1/8th of its NOAEL. Tissue distribution analysis of BNC105 in tumor-bearing mice showed that while the drug is cleared from all tissues 24 hours after administration, it is still present at high concentrations within the solid tumor mass. Furthermore, BNC105 treatment causes tumor regressions with complete tumor clearance in 20% of treated animals.
The multiple complexes formed by the interaction of platelet factor 4 with heparin (1980)

The anisotropy of the fluorescence of dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1- sulphonyl) groups covalently attached to human platelet factor 4 was used to detect the macromolecular compounds formed when the factor was mixed with heparin. At low heparin/protein ratios a very-high-molecular-weight compound (1) was formed that dissociated to give a smaller compound (2) when excess heparin was added. 2. A large complex was also detected as a precipitate that formed at high protein concentrations in chloride buffer. It contained 15.7% (w/w) polysaccharide, equivalent to four or five heparin tetrasaccharide units per protein tetramer. In this complex, more than one molecule of protein binds to each heparin molecule of molecular weight greater than about 6 X 10(3).3. The stability of these complexes varied with pH, salt concentration and the chain length of the heparin. The limit complexes found in excess of the larger heparins consisted of only one heparin molecule per protein tetramer, and the failure to observe complexes with four heparin molecules/protein tetramer is discussed.
Antifungal Resistance in Pathogenic Fungi (2002)

Pathogenic fungi are the cause of life-threatening infections in an increasing number of immunocompromised patients. The intrinsic resistance to antifungal therapy observed in some genera, along with the development of resistance during treatment in others, is becoming a major problem in the management of these diseases. We reviewed the epidemiology of the most common systemic fungal infections for which antifungal resistance is a potential problem, the mechanisms of antifungal resistance, the correlation between in vitro susceptibility testing and clinical outcome, and the clinical implications of antifungal resistance.
Depletion of abundant proteins from non‐human primate serum for biomarker studies (2006)

Non-human primates are an important biomedical research model organism and offer great promise for serum biomarker proteomic studies. However, potential obstacles to these studies include affinity serum depletion methods based on human antigens, depletion methods altering quantitation, and incomplete non-human primate genome sequences for protein identification. In the present study, high-abundance protein removal from monkey serum using a human multiple affinity removal system (MARS) was shown to be specific and did not alter quantitation. Depleted serum also demonstrated greater sensitivity for previously masked, lower-abundance proteins.
Cancellation techniques for LO leakage and Dc offset in direct conversion systems (2008)

This paper presents LO leakage and dc offset cancelling techniques for direct conversion systems. Dc offset at the mixer output, partially due to LO leakage, degrades system sensitivity by inducing Flicker noise, while LO leakage on the antenna side may cause additional interference. To reduce these problems, LO leakage and dc offset cancelling techniques were studied for both transceiver and receiver configurations. Using a mixer LO leakage canceller for the receiver configuration, zero dc offset and 17dB of LO leakage reduction were achieved. Flicker noise was also reduced by 19.3 dB as a result of the minimized dc offset. In a transceiver configuration, simultaneous cancellation of LO leakage and transmit signal leakage resulted in a 21.7dB reduction in Flicker noise. This transceiver compensation technique can also be used to cancel clutter reflections.
Detecting Trace of Seam Carving for Forensic Analysis (2014)

Seam carving, which preserves semantically important image content during resizing process, has been actively researched in recent years. This paper proposes a novel forensic technique to detect the trace of seam carving. We exploit the energy bias and noise level of images under analysis to reliably unveil the evidence of seam carving. Furthermore, we design a detector investigating the relationship among neighboring pixels to estimate the inserted seams. Experimental results from a large set of test images indicates the superior performance of the proposed methods for both seam carving and seam insertion.
《马克斯·维贝尔的政治社会学》简评 (1985)

人们对马克斯·维贝尔的兴趣至今未减,围绕着他的争论至今未休。这部新书包括12篇论文。除其中一篇之外,其他论文最初都曾在新泽西州威廉·帕特森学院于1980年10月举行的维贝尔学术讨论会上发表过。R.本迪克斯为该书写了序言,V.默瓦写了结语。本文副标题“一种关于理性化世界的悲观论力来出源于维贝尔悲观主义的预言,他认为,官僚政治将证明是未来支配经济
Regulation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase through Alternative Transcripts (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) participates in diverse physiological processes ranging from neurotransmission to muscle relaxation. Neuronal-derived NO can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on the cellular context. Neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) must therefore be tightly regulated. One level of regulation involves synthesis of numerous nNOS mRNA transcripts. At least six distinct molecular species of nNOS mRNA are expressed in a tissue and developmentally-regulated manner. Alternative splicing allows the creation of nNOS proteins differing in both enzymatic characteristics and structural features. As one example, we find that there are nNOS mRNAs lacking exon 2. One isoform, nNOS beta, retains full enzymatic activity but lacks a major protein-protein interaction domain (PDZ domain) responsible for targeting nNOS to synaptic membranes. This alternative splicing produces a mislocalized but fully active protein which may be relevant to certain pathologies. As evidence of this, we find that many human brain tumors express an alternatively spliced form of nNOS that co-migrates with nNOS beta, and lacks exon 2. Finally, we also find a 2.5-kb testis-specific nNOS mRNA corresponding to the C-terminal reductase domain of nNOS whose function is unclear.
Work-function difference between Al and n-GaN from Al-gated n-GaN∕nitrided-thin-Ga2O3∕SiO2 metal oxide semiconductor structures (2004)

In most previous reports on Al-gated n-GaN∕SiO2 metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures, the work–function difference between Al and n-GaN (ϕms) has been chosen as 0V by assuming that the work function of the Al gate and n-GaN are both 4.1eV. In this letter, ϕms is determined as ∼0.1V using Al-gated n-GaN∕nitrided-thin-Ga2O3∕SiO2 MOS capacitors by measuring flatband voltage as a function of oxide thickness. Formation of an ultrathin (∼0.6-nm-thick) Ga2O3 layer on n-GaN prior to the deposition of SiO2 is important to prevent uncontrolled parasitic oxidation of then-GaN surface and possibly reduces the interface dipole between n-GaN and SiO2.
Chemical Retting of Flax Straw Under Alkaline Conditions (2002)

More controllable retting procedures to produce quality fibers from flax are sought by applying chelators at high pH and enzyme chelating formulations at lower pH. Using the Fried Test as an in vitro method for evaluating fiber separation from shive, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) at 8 mM levels and sodium tripolyphosphate at 50 mM levels, both with 25 mM NaOH, effectively ret flax stems. Sodium gluconate, trisodium phosphate, and sulfuric acid are ineffective as retting agents. In 50 g laboratory scale retting trials, chemical retting at high pH with EDTA or sodium tripolyphosphate produces fine fiber yields (as produced through the Shirley Analyzer) that are about half that with enzyme chelator formulations; fibers are coarser with chemical versus enzyme retting. Chemical retting is influenced by chelator type and level, sodium hydroxide levels, and plant condition and maturity. These factors plus resultant fiber properties require consid eration when optimizing chemical retting with chelators at high pH.
In-vehicle man-machine interaction-the SOCRATES approach (2002)

This paper discusses the man-machine interaction (MMI) activities as part of the DRIVE II project, SOCRATES (System of Cellular RAdio for Traffic Efficiency and Safety). SOCRATES consists of three pilot projects based in London, Gothenburg and the Rhein/Hessen area of Germany, and a Kernel project which forms a focus for research and aims to feed back results to be implemented by the pilot projects. During the DRIVE I programme, the original SOCRATES project successfully proved the technology and demonstrated the feasibility of the SOCRATES approach. Hence, little effort was spent in developing the man-machine interface. The next phase of SOCRATES, in the DRIVE II programme, builds on the concept, and will implement dynamic route guidance (DRG) systems for a number of vehicles at each of the pilot sites. In addition, the initial route planning and DRG facilities are being extended to include applications such as driver information, local warnings, emergency call etc. It is therefore imperative that in the progression from field trials onwards commercial implementation, that man-machine interaction issues are addressed. As the facilities offered to the driver become more complex, so the need to simplify the interaction with the man-machine interface become greater. The interface for both DRG and for additional applications must be considered from a user point of view and the effects on driving performance considered. The MMI activities to date have included the identification of problem areas and the synthesis of data from behavioural science research which may offer solutions. The human factors issues fall into three categories: (i) Application issues. For example, what are the special requirements of an interface for a multi-function system, with particular reference to stationary or on-the-move interaction? (ii) Evaluation issues. How can the pilot studies gain both system effectiveness and behavioural data from the pilot trials? (iii) Research issues. These include consideration of the use of new technologies, such as head-up displays, in an automotive environment. This paper discusses the human factors and MMI issues being addressed within SOCRATES and relates them to research data and the pilot trials activities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple Activities of the Plant Pathogen Type III Effector Proteins WtsE and AvrE Require WxxxE Motifs (2009)

The broadly conserved AvrE-family of type III effectors from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria includes important virulence factors, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which these effectors function inside plant cells to promote disease. We have identified two conserved motifs in AvrE-family effectors: a WxxxE motif and a putative C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum membrane retention/retrieval signal (ERMRS). The WxxxE and ERMRS motifs are both required for the virulence activities of WtsE and AvrE, which are major virulence factors of the corn pathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii and the tomato or Arabidopsis pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, respectively. The WxxxE and the predicted ERMRS motifs are also required for other biological activities of WtsE, including elicitation of the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants and suppression of defense responses in Arabidopsis. A family of type III effectors from mammalian bacterial pathogens requires WxxxE and subcellular targeting motifs for virulence functions that involve their ability to mimic activated G-proteins. The conservation of related motifs and their necessity for the function of type III effectors from plant pathogens indicates that disturbing host pathways by mimicking activated host G-proteins may be a virulence mechanism employed by plant pathogens as well.
Role of<i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>leukotoxin in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (2002)

Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis continues to be a major respiratory disease in feedlot cattle despite the recent advances in our understanding of the underlying complexities of causation. The etiological agent, Mannheimia haemolytica, possesses several virulence factors, including capsule, outer membrane proteins, adhesins, neuraminidase, endotoxin and exotoxic leukotoxin. Accumulating scientific evidence implicates leukotoxin as the primary factor contributing to clinical presentation and lung injury associated with this disease. Unlike other virulence factors, leukotoxin shows cell-type- and species-specific effects on bovine leukocytes. Recent investigations have delineated the mechanisms underlying the target-cell-specificity of leukotoxin and how this contributes to the pathogenesis of lung damage. This review summarizes current understanding of the secretion, regulation, mechanisms of action and evolutionary diversity of leukotoxin of M. haemolytica. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of leukotoxin is critical for the development of more effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to control this complex disease.
From macromolecules to biological assemblies (1983)

Research Article| May 01 1983 From macromolecules to biological assemblies: Nobel lecture, 8 December 1982 Aaron Klug Aaron Klug 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biosci Rep (1983) 3 (5): 395–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01121953 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Aaron Klug; From macromolecules to biological assemblies: Nobel lecture, 8 December 1982. Biosci Rep 1 May 1983; 3 (5): 395–430. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01121953 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBioscience Reports Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 The Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A rapidly scanning laser Doppler anemometer (1984)

A rapidly scanning directionally sensitive fringe-type laser Doppler anemometer (SLDA) which scans the measurement volume perpendicular to the optical axis of the transmitting optics is described. Scan frequencies up to 60 Hz over scan distances of 40 cm have been used, although scan frequencies up to 150 Hz are possible. The maximum scanning velocity of the measurement volume that can be used is directly proportional to the shift frequency of the Bragg cell since each signal-producing particle must cross a minimum number of fringes to produce a valid signal. Signal-averaging bias is lower with a scanning LDA than with pointwise measurements. Results obtained for a separating turbulent boundary layer show that very good mean and RMS velocity profiles can be obtained in less than 1 min of data acquisition.
A Dual Role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor System in Adult Brain: Isoform-Selective Regulation of SDF-1 Expression Modulates CXCR4-Dependent Neuronal Plasticity and Cerebral Leukocyte Recruitment after Focal Ischemia (2002)

The chemoattractant stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) are key modulators of immune function. In the developing brain, SDF-1 is crucial for neuronal guidance; however, cerebral functions of SDF-1/CXCR4 in adulthood are unclear. Here, we examine the cellular expression of SDF-1 isoforms and CXCR4 in the brain of mice receiving systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or permanent focal cerebral ischemia. CXCR4 mRNA was constitutively expressed in cortical and hippocampal neurons and ependymal cells. Hippocampal neurons targeted the CXCR4 receptor to their somatodendritic and axonal compartments. In cortex and hippocampus, CXCR4-expressing neurons exhibited an overlapping distribution with neurons expressing SDF-1 transcripts. Although neurons synthesized SDF-1alpha mRNA, the SDF-1beta isoform was selectively expressed by endothelial cells of cerebral microvessels. LPS stimulation dramatically decreased endothelial SDF-1beta mRNA expression throughout the forebrain but did not affect neuronal SDF-1alpha. After focal cerebral ischemia, SDF-1beta expression was selectively increased in endothelial cells of penumbral blood vessels and decreased in endothelial cells of nonlesioned brain areas. In the penumbra, SDF-1beta upregulation was associated with a concomitant infiltration of CXCR4-expressing peripheral blood cells, including macrophages. Neuronal SDF-1alpha was transiently downregulated and neuronal CXCR4 was transiently upregulated in the nonlesioned cerebral cortex in response to ischemia. Although endothelial SDF-1beta may control cerebral infiltration of CXCR4-carrying leukocytes during cerebral ischemia, the neuronal SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 system may contribute to ischemia-induced neuronal plasticity. Thus, the isoform-specific regulation of SDF-1 expression modulates neurotransmission and cerebral infiltration via distinct CXCR4-dependent pathways.
La transparencia fiscal (2000)

El objeto de este estudio general de diferentes aspectos relacionados con la transparencia fiscal es ofrecer una guia que ayude a comprender sus posibilidades fiscales en el ambito de este regimen tributario empresarial.
Stimulating beta cell replication and improving islet graft function by GPR119 agonists (2011)

G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is predominantly expressed in β cells and intestinal L cells. In this study, we investigated whether oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a GPR119 endogenous ligand, and PSN632408, a GPR119 synthetic agonist, can stimulate β-cell replication in vitro and in vivo and improve islet graft function in diabetic mice. We found that OEA and PSN632408 significantly increased numbers of insulin(+)/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) β cells in cultured mouse islets in a dose-dependent manner. All diabetic recipient mice, given marginal syngeneic islet transplants with OEA or PSN632408 or vehicle, achieved normoglycemia at 4 weeks after transplantation. However, normoglycemia was achieved significantly faster in OEA- or PSN632408-treated diabetic mice than in vehicle-treated diabetic mice (P < 0.05). The percentage of insulin(+)/BrdU(+) β cells in islet grafts in OEA- and PSN632408-treated mice was significantly higher than in vehicle-treated mice (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that OEA and PSN632408 can stimulate β-cell replication in vitro and in vivo and improve islet graft function. Targeting GPR119 is a novel therapeutic approach to increase β-cell mass and to improve islet graft function by stimulating β-cell replication.
Non–Positive Airway Pressure Modalities: Mandibular Advancement Devices/Positional Therapy (2008)

Although positive airway pressure is the most efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its clinical effectiveness is limited by its obtrusive interface. Two alternative treatment modalities used in clinical practice are mandibular advancement devices (MADs) and positional therapy. The goals in treatment of OSA are to prevent obstructive apneas and hypopneas, to improve symptoms, and to modify the increased cardiovascular risk. MADs achieve this by mechanically protruding the mandible, thereby increasing the dimensions of the upper airway and reducing its collapsibility. By avoiding supine sleep, positional therapy improves the patency of the upper airway in those with positional OSA. There is now a relatively strong evidence base to support the use of MADs in clinical practice, with research studies assessing the impact of treatment on a range of health outcomes. The revised clinical practice parameters of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommend their use for mild to moderate OSA; or for patients with severe OSA who are unable to tolerate or refuse treatment with positive airway pressure. The evidence base for positional therapy is emerging, but is less well developed. A better understanding of the range of OSA phenotypes and predictors of response to different treatment modalities is required to allow physicians to tailor the choice of treatment to the individual patient.