gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Intake and the Risk for Pancreatic Cancer in Two Cohort Studies (2006)

Vitamin D and its analogues exhibit potent antitumor effects in many tissues, including the pancreas. Normal and malignant pancreatic tissues were recently shown to express high levels of vitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase, which converts circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. We examined associations between dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and retinol and subsequent risk for pancreatic cancer. We conducted prospective studies in cohorts of 46,771 men ages 40 to 75 years as of 1986 (the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), and 75,427 women ages 38 to 65 years as of 1984 (the Nurses' Health Study), documenting incident pancreatic cancer through the year 2000. Diet was ascertained by semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We identified 365 incident cases of pancreatic cancer over 16 years of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest category of total vitamin D intake (<150 IU/d), pooled multivariate relative risks for pancreatic cancer were 0.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-1.01] for 150 to 299 IU/d, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.40-0.83) for 300 to 449 IU/d, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36-0.87) for 450 to 599 IU/d, and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40-0.88) for >/=600 IU/d (P(trend) = 0.01). These associations may be stronger in men than women. After adjusting for vitamin D intake, calcium and retinol intakes were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In two U.S. cohorts, higher intakes of vitamin D were associated with lower risks for pancreatic cancer. Our results point to a potential role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Modern WLAN Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning Methods and Deployment Challenges (2017)

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have become a promising choice for indoor positioning as the only existing and established infrastructure, to localize the mobile and stationary users indoors. However, since WLANs have been initially designed for wireless networking and not positioning, the localization task based on WLAN signals has several challenges. Amongst the WLAN positioning methods, WLAN fingerprinting localization has recently garnered great attention due to its promising performance. Notwithstanding, WLAN fingerprinting faces several challenges and hence, in this paper, our goal is to overview these challenges and corresponding state-of-the-art solutions. This paper consists of three main parts: 1) conventional localization schemes; 2) state-of-the-art approaches; and 3) practical deployment challenges. Since all proposed methods in the WLAN literature have been conducted and tested in different settings, the reported results are not readily comparable. So, we compare some of the representative localization schemes in a single real environment and assess their localization accuracy, positioning error statistics, and complexity. Our results depict illustrative evaluation of the approaches in the literature and guide to future improvement opportunities.
UWB Radar for Railway Fall on Track Object Detection and Identification (2009)

This paper presents a new system for detecting and identifying objects fallen onto railway tracks. The proposed solution is based on an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar technique combined with a long travelling wave radiating microwave transmission line. This line is maintained adequately all along the railway station platform. Scheduled steps for system realization are presented. A preliminary analysis of different transmission lines which could be used and their performance is provided. Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) application, which describes identification procedure, is discussed. An overview of extraction methods is provided and a procedure of selection of contributing poles is presented. Available target identification techniques based on UWB pulse are analyzed and compared to experimental results.
Cytokines for psychologists: Implications of bidirectional immune-to-brain communication for understanding behavior, mood, and cognition. (1998)

The brain and immune system form a bidirectional communication network in which the immune system operates as a diffuse sense organ, informing the brain about events in the body. This allows the activation of immune cells to produce physiological, behavioral, affective, and cognitive changes that are collectively called sickness, which function to promote recuperation. Fight-flight evolved later and coopted this immune-brain circuitry both because many of the needs of fight-flight were met by this circuitry and this cooptation allowed the immune system to respond to potential injury in anticipatory fashion. Many sequelae of exposure to stressors can be understood from this view and can take on the role of adaptive responses rather than pathological manifestations. Finally, it is argued that activation of immune-brain pathways is important for understanding diverse phenomena related to stress such as depression and suppression of specific immunity.
Vanillic Acid Derivatives from the Green Algae <i>Cladophora socialis</i> As Potent Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors (2007)

A novel vanillic acid derivative (1) and its sulfate adduct (2) were isolated from a green algae, Cladophora socialis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated from NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Both compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme involved in the regulation of insulin cell signaling. Compounds 1 and 2 had IC50 values of 3.7 and 1.7 microM, respectively.
Microwave Magnetics and Considerations for Systems Design (2021)

The adoption of non-linear magnetic devices in Radio Frequency (RF) systems has been relatively slow due to their unique characteristics that do not lend themselves well to traditional design tools and methodologies. Herein we present the practical considerations in employing such devices in modern RF system design with an emphasis on realizable improvements in performance and adaptability in addition to the common design methodology that has been adopted to account for their unique behavior. Specifically, this article begins by presenting how a standalone nonlinear device such as a Frequency Selective Limiter (FSL) can enable a higher-level subsystem such as the Frequency Selective Canceller (FSC). This discussion sheds light on the importance of characterizing the behavior of an FSL and how this behavior is different from other, more traditional RF components such as a Pin Diode Limiter, as explained in the second part of the article. Lastly, a Magnetostatic Wave (MSW) delay line that leverages the recent advancements in non-linear magnetic device design is introduced in order to provide an attractive alternative to traditional delay lines. A more complete understanding of system-level performance benefits and device-level functionality will undoubtedly facilitate the widescale deployment of nonlinear magnetic devices to help mitigate spectrum congestion challenges faced by modern and future RF systems.
New production technologies and applications of poly(vinyl alcohol) film (1988)

Abstract The following aspects of the manufacture, properties and applications of biaxially oriented poly(vinyl alcohol) (PV‐OH) films are discussed: selection of starting PV‐OH; method of production by successive biaxial orientation: technical aspects of production; characteristics and applications of the film. Biaxially oriented PV‐OH films have good antistatic properties, good thermal resistance, oil and solvent resistance, and excellent gas barrier properties, and are used in food packaging applications. The following aspects of the manufacture, properties and applications of poly(vinyl alcohol) film produced by a blown film technique are discussed: selection of starting PV‐OH; process for the production of hot‐water‐soluble (HWS) film; technical aspects of film production; characteristics and applications of the film. Blown films, which are hot‐water‐soluble, are produced in tubular form, for conversion into disposable laundry bags.
Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity of polyvinylidene fluoride corona‐poled at elevated temperature (1980)

Abstract X‐ray diffraction, thermally stimulated depolarization, and piezoelectric and pyroelectric current measurements have been carried out on biaxially oriented polyvinylidene fluoride film, corona‐poled both negatively and positively, at elevated temperature. Larger piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients are obtained at lower values of the poling field, when corona charging takes place at elevated temperature rather than room temperature. Negative charging is more effective than positive. The polarization mechanism is dipole alignment, and a conversion of Form‐II crystallites to Form I. The large space‐charge injected by the corona, and trapped in the material, acts through creation of high internal fields, and shows little, if any, piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects of its own.
[Non-antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections]. (2006)

Urinary-tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently and hence have significant financial implications. Antibiotic prophylaxis can be considered in women with recurrent UTIs. However, frequent exposure to antibiotics can lead to antimicrobial resistance and side effects. The most important steps in the pathogenesis of UTIs are the colonisation and adherence of uropathogens. Lactobacilli impede intravaginal colonisation by competing with uropathogens. Cranberries interfere with the adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. Therefore, cranberries and lactobacilli are potential alternatives in the prophylaxis of UTIs. Randomised clinical trials comparing these compounds with long-term, low-dose antibiotics for the prevention of recurrent UTIs in women have not yet been conducted. Such a trial has recently been started in The Netherlands: the 'Non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections' (NAPRUTI) study.
[Effective method of simultaneous isolation from human serum of highly purified factors B and D of the alternative pathway of complement activation]. (1983)

A simple method for isolation from human serum of the complement alternative pathway factor B, in a yield over 40% and purity over 80% with respect to protein, has been developed. Such a high yield was reached due to rejection of ammonium sulphate fractionation and employment of only two chromatographic stages: on CM-Sephadex C-50 and on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. An additional chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-50 provides factor B of 100% purity but with a loss of some amount of protein (yield approximately 20%). One of the fractions, obtained at the first stage of factor B purification, contained also factor D. After rechromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 it afforded factor D in yield more than 60% and purity above 100%.
Blockade of protease-activated receptors on T cells correlates with altered proteolysis of CD27 by gingipains of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2007)

Cysteine proteinases, termed gingipains, of Porphyromonas gingivalis are able to inactivate a broad range of host proteins involved in cellular responses and have been implicated as key virulence factors in the onset and progression of adult periodontitis. In the present study, the high molecular weight Arg-gingipain, RgpA, produced a time- and concentration-dependent hydrolysis of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha receptor family member CD27 on resting T cells. As a consequence of CD27 degradation, a reduction in CD27-ligation dependent co-stimulatory CD40L expression was observed. Concomitantly, RgpA activated the protease-activated receptors (PAR)-1, PAR-2 and PAR-4 and induced CD69 and CD25 expression on T cells, thereby demonstrating T cell activation. The Lys-gingipain Kgp demonstrated a low capacity to degrade CD27 but the ability to affect CD27 expression and biological activity was increased when T cells were pretreated with blocking peptide against PAR-2. CD70, the ligand for CD27 induced on activated B cells, was significantly reduced by RgpA treatment and weakly affected by Kgp. These findings suggest that while RgpA can activate T cells through PARs, the parallel action of direct hydrolysis of membrane CD27 as well as CD70 indicates a potential down-regulatory effect through inhibition of CD27/CD70-mediated cell activation in periodontitis.
Impact of torrefaction technique on the moisture contents, bulk density and calorific value of briquetted biomass (2015)

Abstract The concept of different compositional biomass is introduced to enhance the binding properties and utilize the use of different seasonal biomasses. The effect of densification on the heating values of single pure and mixed compositional biomasses is observed with and without applying special type of pretreatment named as ‘Torrefaction’. The moisture contents and bulk densities were also calculated for these briquettes. The effects of average moisture contents and bulk density (which show the swelling nature) on the heating values are also observed. The experiments have been performed on the pelletizer equipment to form briquetted biomass and bomb calorimeter was used to determine the calorific values of different briquettes. Finally, the percentage decrease in the average moisture contents of different categories of torrefied briquettes from non-torrefied briquettes were also calculated and compared.
Circular dichroism: electronic (2011)

Abstract First‐principles calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) are widely used to determine absolute configurations of chiral molecules. In addition, ECD is a sensitive probe for the three‐dimensional molecular structure, making ECD calculations a useful tool to study conformational changes. In this review, we explain the origin of ECD and optical activity using response theory. While the quantum‐mechanical underpinnings of ECD have been known for a long time, efficient electronic structure methods for ECD calculations on molecules with more than 10–20 atoms have become widely available only in the past decade. We review the most popular methods for ECD calculation, focusing on time‐dependent density functional theory. Although single‐point vertical ECD calculations yield useful accuracy for conformationally rigid systems, inclusion of finite‐temperature effects is necessary for flexible molecules. The scope and limitations of modern ECD calculations are illustrated by applications to helicenes, fullerenes, iso‐schizozygane alkaloids, paracyclophanes, β ‐lactams, and transition metal complexes. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 00 1–17 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.55 This article is categorized under: Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Pressure Ulcer Staging Revisited (2011)

Deficiencies in the current pressure ulcer classification system create the impetus for the current discourse on the clinical, legal, and economic implications of staging and considering shifting the paradigm in pressure ulcer description and assessment.
Holographic Recording on Thermoplastic Films (1974)

Experimental results related to holographic recording on thermoplastic films will be given. Covered are the following areas: the various recording processes, the photosensitivity measurements, the induced frost, the deformation growth process, the bandwidth problem, and the corona damage. These, aspects are of relevance to the thermoplastic's being used as a storage medium in a read-write holographic memory. A specific recording process will be reported that possesses the combined advantages of consistency, high diffraction efficiency, and large bandwidth recording.
Thirty Years' Experience With Silicate as a Corrosion Inhibitor In Water Systems (1960)

The development of a simple, economical proportional liquid feeding device for distributing sodium silicate in domestic water pipes permitted effective and widespread use of this inhibitor. For the past 32 years it has been used for protection of galvanized iron, galvanized steel, yellow brass, and copper water piping in thousands of buildings in East Coast cities which have corrosive water supplies. Properly controlled, silicate treatment has eliminated rusty water, maintained satisfactory flow rates, and minimized failures due to pitting and to clogging by corrosion products. Comparative field experiments have demonstrated its effectiveness. Most cases of poor results when using a silicate inhibitor have resulted from improper feeding by dosing methods, piping defects, poor plumbing design or fabrication, or improper operation of the water system, particularly with respect to lack of hot water temperature control. Studies of the protective mechanism have shown that it involves formation of a thin film containing both silica gel and an absorption compound of silica and the metal hydroxide. Further basic studies are desirable for understanding the respective roles in protective film formation of alkalinity and silica in natural. waters as compared to those in added silicate. 5.8.2
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. (2003)

Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
Spironolactone in chronic hemodialysis patients improves cardiac function. (2009)

We performed this study to assess whether low dose spironolactone could be administered in hemodialysis (HD) patients with moderate to severe heart failure to improve cardiovascular function and reduce hospitalization without inducing hyperkalemia. We enrolled 16 chronic HD patients with moderate to severe heart failure and left ventricle ejection fraction :5 45%. In a double blinded randomized placebo controlled study, one group of 8 patients received 25 mg of spironolactone after each dialysis session within six months, and the rest received a placebo. Echocardiography was performed on all the patients to assess ejection fraction and left ventricular mass during 12 hours after completion of hemodialysis at the beginning and the end of study. Serum potassium was measured predialysis every 4 weeks. The mean ejection fraction increased significantly more in spironolactone group during the study period than in the placebo group (6.2 +/- 1.64 vs. 0.83 +/- 4.9, P= 0.046). The mean left ventricular mass decreased in the spironolactone group, but increased significantly in the placebo group during the period (-8.4 +/- 4.72 vs. 3 +/- 7.97. 95%, P= 0.021). The incidence of hyperkalemia was not significantly increased in the study or controlled groups. In conclusion, we found in this study that administration of spironolactone in chronic HD patients with moderate to severe heart failure substantially improved their cardiac function and decreases left ventricular mass without development of significant hyperkalemia.
Final Technical Report (2007)

This project is conducted under the leadership and guidance of Sandia National Laboratory as part of the DOE Office of Science FAST-OS Program. It was initiated at the California Institute of Technology February 1, 2005. The Principal Investigator (PI), Dr. Thomas Sterling, accepted a position of Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science at Louisiana State University (LSU) on August 15, 2005, while retaining his position of Faculty Associate at California Institute of Technology’s Center for Advanced Computing Research. To take better advantage of the resources, research staff, and students at LSU, the award was transferred by DOE to LSU where research on the FAST-OS Config-OS project continues in accord with the original proposal. This brief report summarizes the accomplishments of this project during its initial phase at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Backpropagation without Multiplication (1993)

The back propagation algorithm has been modified to work without any multiplications and to tolerate computations with a low resolution, which makes it. more attractive for a hardware implementation. Numbers are represented in floating point format with 1 bit mantissa and 3 bits in the exponent for the states, and 1 bit mantissa and 5 bit exponent. for the gradients, while the weights are 16 bit fixed-point numbers. In this way, all the computations can be executed with shift and add operations. Large networks with over 100,000 weights were trained and demonstrated the same performance as networks computed with full precision. An estimate of a circuit implementation shows that a large network can be placed on a single chip, reaching more than 1 billion weight updates per second. A speedup is also obtained on any machine where a multiplication is slower than a shift operation.
Using output codes to boost multiclass learning problems (1997)

This paper describes a new technique for solving multiclass learning problems by combining Freund and Schapire&apos;s boosting algorithm with the main ideas of Dietterich and Bakiri&apos;s method of error-correcting output codes (ECOC). Boosting is a general method of improving the accuracy of a given base or &quot;weak&quot; learning algorithm. ECOC is a robust method of solving multiclass learning problems by reducing to a sequence of two-class problems. We show that our new hybrid method has advantages of both: Like ECOC, our method only requires that the base learning algorithm work on binary-labeled data. Like boosting, we prove that the method comes with strong theoretical guarantees on the training and generalization error of the final combined hypothesis assuming only that the base learning algorithm perform slightly better than random guessing. Although previous methods were known for boosting multiclass problems, the new method may be significantly faster and require less programming effort in creating the base\nlearning algorithm. We also compare the new algorithm\nexperimentally to other voting methods.
Modulation Of Glutamate Receptors: Molecular Mechanisms And Functional Implications (1989)

Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic ...Read More