gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinal vascular biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease (2013)

The earliest detectable change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the buildup of amyloid plaque in the brain. Early detection of AD, prior to irreversible neurological damage, is important for the efficacy of current interventions as well as for the development of new treatments. Although PiB-PET imaging and CSF amyloid are the gold standards for early AD diagnosis, there are practical limitations for population screening. AD-related pathology occurs primarily in the brain, but some of the hallmarks of the disease have also been shown to occur in other tissues, including the retina, which is more accessible for imaging. Retinal vascular changes and degeneration have previously been reported in AD using optical coherence tomography and laser Doppler techniques. This report presents results from analysis of retinal photographs from AD and healthy control participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing. This is the first study to investigate retinal blood vessel changes with respect to amyloid plaque burden in the brain. We demonstrate relationships between retinal vascular parameters, neocortical brain amyloid plaque burden and AD. A number of RVPs were found to be different in AD. Two of these RVPs, venular branching asymmetry factor and arteriolar length-to-diameter ratio, were also higher in healthy individuals with high plaque burden (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02 respectively, after false discovery rate adjustment). Retinal photographic analysis shows potential as an adjunct for early detection of AD or monitoring of AD-progression or response to treatments.
Real‐time measurement of electrode impedance during intracochlear electrode insertion (2013)

Impedance values seem systematically affected by electrode position, with higher values being associated with proximity to the cochlear wall. The new software is capable of acquiring impedance measurements during electrode insertion, and these data may be useful to guide surgeons to achieve optimal and atraumatic electrode insertion, to guide robotic electrode insertion, and to provide insights about electrode position in the cochlea.
Object-oriented implementation of an interactive and automatic field-processing surface (2000)

Post-processing of multiple and hybrid finite element field solutions requires a post-processor that is more general than standard available tools. A novel three-level hierarchic post-processor structure is proposed. The first level of the post-processing environment is a library of programming objects representing mathematical entities such as fields, tables, geometries, meshes and numbers and of operations manipulating them. Frequently used post-processing tasks may be coded explicitly in this kernel and compiled into executable code. An interpreter for mathematical expressions forms the second level of the post-processor structure, Characteristic sequences of operations can be gathered in scripts or in functions and interpreted at run-time. The third level passes commands to the field parser or to the visualization routines. Selected simulation examples demonstrate the capabilities of the chosen approach.
Kinetics of volume phase transition in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels (2002)

Kinetics of volume phase transition in poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPA) gels jumped from a low-temperature swollen phase to a high-temperature shrunken phase was studied as functions of NIPA monomer and crosslinker concentrations. We found for the first time a clear kinematical boundary at which the shrinking relaxation time of gels changes discontinuously by 102–104 times, and that the profile of the boundary correlates with the sol-gel transition line and the contour line of turbidity of gels. A “morphological” boundary which characterizes the emergence of the bubble formation on gel surface was also determined. The theoretical calculation of the phase diagram on the basis of the mean field theory shows qualitatively that the shrinking speed of gels could be connected with the depth of the thermodynamic region of the spinodal instability (K+4μ/3=0) into which they are transferred where K and μ are the bulk and the shear moduli, respectively. A mechanism of discontinuous change of the shrinking speed is discussed in connection with the thermodynamic properties as well as the inhomogeneity of network structure.
Bending losses of coated single-mode optical fibers (1978)

Peaks appear in bending losses of coated single-mode fibers due to interference between the guided mode and rays which are radiated from the guided mode and are reflected at cladding-coating boundary. This paper reports derivation of bending loss formulas for coated slab waveguides and coated fibers. Plane wave concepts are also used to explain the appearance of the loss peaks. Measurements were performed by using two coated single-mode fibers. The agreement between theory and experimental results is found to be excellent. It is possible to obtain the refractive index difference from measured peak wavelengths.
Membrane Affinity of the Amphiphilic Marinobactin Siderophores (2002)

Marinobactins are a class of newly discovered marine bacterial siderophores with a unique amphiphilic structure, suggesting that their functions relate to interactions with cell membranes. Here we use small and large unilamellar L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles (SUVs and LUVs) as model membranes to examine the thermodynamics and kinetics of the membrane binding of marinobactins, particularly marinobactin E (apo-M(E)) and its iron(III) complex, Fe-M(E). Siderophore-membrane interactions are characterized by NMR line broadening, stopped-flow spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching, and ultracentrifugation. It is determined that apo-M(E) has a strong affinity for lipid membranes with molar fraction partition coefficients K(x)()(apo)(-)(M)E = 6.3 x 10(5) for SUVs and 3.6 x 10(5) for LUVs. This membrane association is shown to cause only a 2-fold decrease in the rate of iron(III) binding by apo-M(E). However, upon the formation of the iron(III) complex Fe-M(E), the membrane affinity of the siderophore decreased substantially (K(x)()(Fe)(-)(M)E = 1.3 x 10(4) for SUVs and 9.6 x 10(3) for LUVs). The kinetics of membrane binding and dissociation by Fe-M(E) were also determined (k(on)(Fe)(-)(M)E = 1.01 M(-)(1) s(-)(1); k(off)(Fe)(-)(M)E = 4.4 x 10(-)(3) s(-)(1)). The suite of marinobactins with different fatty acid chain lengths and degrees of chain unsaturation showed a range of membrane affinities (5.8 x 10(3) to 36 M(-)(1)). The affinity that marinobactins exhibit for membranes and the changes observed upon iron binding could provide unique biological advantages in a receptor-assisted iron acquisition process in which loss of the iron-free siderophore by diffusion is limited by the strong association with the lipid phase.
Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Guide for Physicians (2009)

Abstract Roughly 1.9 million people are afflicted with Parkinson’s disease and, according to the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, that number is on the rise! Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Guide for Physicians will comprehensively cover Parkinson’s disease (PD), including diagnosis, testing, prognosis, and possible causes. Its primary focus will be on treatment, specifying appropriate drugs, doses, and common side effects. It will address not only the treatment of motor problems (tremor, gait, etc.), but everything else that routinely arises in a PD practice, including osteoporosis prevention, blood pressure, sexual, bowel, or bladder dysfunction, dementia, depression, common skin rashes, and more. This book will mirror Dr. Ahlskog’s earlier book, The Parkinson’s Treatment Book: Partnering with Your Doctor to Get the Most from Your Medications (2005). Each chapter in the current book will follow the same outline and cover nearly the same material as in each chapter of the earlier patient book, but it will be more succint and direct, with many teaching points summarized wtih bullet points or in small tables. In effect, the clinician and patient can both be reading, or have read, the same material.
Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein NSP2 Self-assembles into Octamers That Undergo Ligand-induced Conformational Changes (2001)

The nonstructural protein NSP2 is a component of the rotavirus replication machinery and binds single-stranded RNA cooperatively, with high affinity, and independent of sequence. Recently, NSP2 has been shown to form multimers and to possess an NTPase activity, but its precise function remains unclear. In the present study, we have characterized the solution structure of recombinant NSP2 by velocity and equilibrium ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. We found that NSP2 exists as an octamer, which is functional in the binding of RNA and ADP. In the presence of magnesium, a partial dissociation of the octamer into smaller oligomers was observed. This was reversed by binding of ADP and RNA. We observed an increased sedimentation rate in the presence of ADP and a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, which suggests a change toward a significantly more compact octameric conformation. The secondary structure of NSP2 showed a high fraction of beta-sheet, with small changes induced by magnesium that were reversed in the presence of RNA. That NSP2 can exist in different conformations lends support to the previously proposed hypothesis (Taraporewala, Z., Chen, D., and Patton, J. T. (1999) J. Virol. 73, 9934-9943) of its function as a molecular motor involved in the packaging of viral mRNA.
Teaching systems analysis and design using multimedia and patterns (2005)

Research in educational multimedia shows many benefits of learning with the use of multimedia environments. To take advantage of these benefits we developed the Multimedia Assisted Teaching Environment (MATE), which is currently trialed in supporting our teaching of IT subjects. MATE's main strength is its ability to facilitate reuse of multimedia components while developing teaching material. We describe MATE from the perspective of a student learning systems analysis and design via projects and case studies. We illustrate the workings of the MATE tool with an example that shows our approach to teaching design skills with reusable design patterns.
Mutation screening of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene: Positive association of a functional polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2002)

The -173-MIF*C allele confers increased risk of susceptibility to JIA. Our data suggest a cell type-specific regulation of MIF, which may be central to understanding its role in inflammation.
Design considerations for a distributed power system (2002)

Aspects of integrating subsystems to form a high-performance distributed power system are addressed. Both intermediate bus and system input filters are designed for a two-stage conversion topology to minimize bus interaction and degradation of loop-gains. The effect of a nonideal source on system performance is determined. It is shown that the impedances at the interface bus provide all of the necessary information to determine the location of the integrated system eigenvalues. The system eigenvalues can be determined graphically using the impedance comparison technique. The technique is particularly useful for large-scale systems where analytical equations ar not available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The electronic RFP (1995)

Article Free Access Share on The electronic RFP: changing the way the government does business Author: Gail Thornburg Frontier Engineering, Inc. Frontier Engineering, Inc.View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGDOC '95: Proceedings of the 13th annual international conference on Systems documentation: emerging from chaos: solutions for the growing complexity of our jobsFebruary 1996 Pages 162–170https://doi.org/10.1145/223984.224014Published:01 February 1996Publication History 0citation380DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads380Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Performance of Solid Oxide Iron-Air Battery Operated at 550°C (2013)

"Metal-air" batteries have garnered much attention in recent years due to their high intrinsic specific energy and use of inexhaustible and storage-free oxygen source -air- for the "metal-oxygen" reaction. In this study, we report the performance of a new type of all solid-state "iron-air" battery operated at 550°C. The results show that CeO2 nanoparticles incorporated into the Fe-Fe3O4 redox-couple can improve the specific energy (Wh/kg) and round trip efficiency by 15% and 29%, respectively, over the baseline Fe-Fe3O4 battery. Use of supported Fe-Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the redox couple can increase the specific energy and round-trip efficiency by 13% and 48% over the baseline battery, respectively. However, the nanoparticle redox-couple is susceptible to thermal coarsening under operating conditions, causing cycle stability problem. Future research needs to focus on improving battery's performance and stability by utilizing thin-film electrolyte and high-performance and stable electrodes, and preventing thermal growth of active redox couple nanoparticles. A most recent testing on an optimized battery component has shown promising results: discharge specific energy can reach 91.0% of the maximum theoretical specific energy with a round-trip efficiency of 82.5%.
Further protection studies using recombinant forms of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> cysteine proteinases (2006)

Significant levels of protection against Haemonchus contortus have been achieved in sheep by vaccination with a cysteine proteinase-enriched fraction (TSBP) isolated from the gut of adult parasites. Protection is associated with three cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinases (hmcp 1, 4 & 6). Lambs vaccinated with these proteinases, expressed in bacteria as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, had significantly reduced (38%) worm burdens compared to challenge controls although, intriguingly, egg output was unaffected. Here, a repeat trial with similar results is reported and protection obtained compared to that induced by vaccination with the predicted mature forms of hmcp1, 4 and 6 expressed in bacteria as non-fusion proteins. Sheep immunized with a cocktail of these non-fusion proteins had reduced faecal egg counts of 27% (P = 0.17) and worm burdens of 29% (P = 0.01) compared to controls. High levels of host serum IgG were detected in GST-hmcp and non-fusion hmcp-immunized animals, although no correlation with protection could be determined. Sera from these groups bound to the microvillar surface of the gut of H. contortus.
Expression of osteopontin and osteonectin in breast cancer (1998)

Osteopontin (OP) and osteonectin (ON) are bone matrix proteins produced by mammary and other cancers. These proteins may play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis through integrin-mediated signal transduction. We evaluated expressions of OP and ON in 253 resected infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, using immunohistochemical staining and follow-up data. OP and ON were detected 87.4% and 54.2% of 253 cases, respectively. The OP and ON positive staining were localized in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. OP and ON did not correlate with various clinicopathological parameters, such as age, lymph node involvement, tumor size, histologic grade, expression of p53 and estrogen receptor (ER). In the multivariate model, lymph node involvement and histologic grade were statistically significant prognostic factors. Assessed by a log rank test, the 5-year-survival rates of OP and ON positive groups and their negative groups were not statistically different. In conclusion, OP and ON immunopositivity of infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast provide no additional prognostic information in this study.
Low-Angle Laser Light Scattering—Rayleigh Factors and Depolarization Ratios (1974)

The Rayleigh factors and depolarization ratios at 6328 A have been measured for carbon disulfide, toluene, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, butanone, acetone, methanol, and water using an improved model of the low-angle laser light-scattering (LALLS) photometer. Small errors in some of the Rayleigh factors published using an earlier model of this instrument have been revealed. Depolarization ratios are measured by a new method involving detection of the full cone of forward scattered light.
On-board Battery Monitoring and Prognostics for Electric-Propulsion Aircraft (2018)

The reliability of the propulsion system of an aircraft is paramount for the aircraft safety and hence the aircraft health must be monitored continuously. In contrast to fuel-operated aircraft, electric battery-operated propulsion system poses specific problems, such as, the remaining battery power does not linearly decrease and cannot be measured directly. In this paper, we describe a combined monitoring and prognostics architecture that can continuously monitor all components of the electric propulsion system with respect to safety and performance properties as well as state of charge and rest of useful life for the battery. Our system combines a detailed electrochemical battery model for Li-ion batteries with a powerful prognostics engine based upon an Unscented Kalman Filter with the R2U2 monitoring device, which provides efficient observers for metric temporal logic and Bayesian reasoning. R2U2 is a real-time, REALIZABLE, RESPONSIVE, UNOBTRUSIVE UNIT, which continuously monitors sensor readings, outputs of the prognostics engine, as well as the flight software status for safety, performance, and security properties. We illustrate our architecture with two case studies, one reporting actual flight tests with an X8+ octo-copter and the other a software-in-the-loop simulation with an unmanned Edge 540 electric aircraft model.
Integrated hardware interfaces for modular sensor networks (2007)

Sensor networks have reached a great relevance during the last years. The idea is to use a large number of nodes measuring different physical parameters in several environments, which implies different research challenges (low power consumption, communication protocols, platform hardware design, etc). There is a tendency to use modular hardware nodes in order to make easier rapid prototyping as well as to be able to redesign faster and reuse part of the hardware modules. One of the main obstacles for rapid prototyping is that sensors present heterogeneous interfaces. In this paper, a VHDL library for sensors/actuators interfaces is proposed. The purpose is to have a set of different sensor interfaces that include the most common in the sensors/actuators world, enabling the rapid connection to a new sensor/actuator. Moreover, the concept presented here may be used for new interfaces that can be easily developed. The VHDL implementation is independent of the final platform (any FPGA or ASIC) in order to minimize redesign effort and make easier rapid prototyping. The interfaces are installed in a UPM platform for sensor networks.
Improved differential detection of chip-level differentially encoded direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals (2002)

In a paper by Cavallini et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, p.456-63, Apr. 1997), chip-level differential encoding/detection for direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals was proposed to cope with frequency-nonselective fast fading channels. It was shown that, unlike in the additive white Gaussian noise channel, in time-varying fading channels the system performance may be considerably improved, especially when the spreading factor is increased. In this paper, noncoherent sequence detection, recently proposed by the authors, is the starting point for the derivation of receivers with improved performance with respect to that of standard differential detection. For M-ary phase-shift keying signals, a theoretical analysis is performed and the results are confirmed by means of computer simulation. The performance advantage of taking into account a larger phase memory, with respect to the minimum accounted for by differential detection, is demonstrated. In particular, the amount of phase memory is optimized as a function of the Doppler spread for a Rayleigh frequency-nonselective fading channel. The robustness in the presence of phase noise is also investigated by means of computer simulation.
Method for measuring user-induced load on mobile terminal antenna (2009)

A method for measuring user-induced load on a triple-band GSM PIFA antenna is presented. The capacitance, total efficiency and matching of the antenna were measured in terms of the increased load of a phantom hand. Up to 10% tuning of the centre frequency occurred, with from 52 to 15% decreased total efficiency owing to the undesired hand grip. The comparable capacitance increased proportionally from 3.83 to 4.45 pF, allowing evaluation of the magnitude of the load.
Widespread Impact of HLA Restriction on Immune Control and Escape Pathways of HIV-1 (2012)

The promiscuous presentation of epitopes by similar HLA class I alleles holds promise for a universal T-cell-based HIV-1 vaccine. However, in some instances, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) restricted by HLA alleles with similar or identical binding motifs are known to target epitopes at different frequencies, with different functional avidities and with different apparent clinical outcomes. Such differences may be illuminated by the association of similar HLA alleles with distinctive escape pathways. Using a novel computational method featuring phylogenetically corrected odds ratios, we systematically analyzed differential patterns of immune escape across all optimally defined epitopes in Gag, Pol, and Nef in 2,126 HIV-1 clade C-infected adults. Overall, we identified 301 polymorphisms in 90 epitopes associated with HLA alleles belonging to shared supertypes. We detected differential escape in 37 of 38 epitopes restricted by more than one allele, which included 278 instances of differential escape at the polymorphism level. The majority (66 to 97%) of these resulted from the selection of unique HLA-specific polymorphisms rather than differential epitope targeting rates, as confirmed by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISPOT) data. Discordant associations between HLA alleles and viral load were frequently observed between allele pairs that selected for differential escape. Furthermore, the total number of associated polymorphisms strongly correlated with average viral load. These studies confirm that differential escape is a widespread phenomenon and may be the norm when two alleles present the same epitope. Given the clinical correlates of immune escape, such heterogeneity suggests that certain epitopes will lead to discordant outcomes if applied universally in a vaccine.