gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of remnant-like particles isolated by immunoaffinity gel from the plasma of type III and type IV hyperlipoproteinemic patients (1999)

Previous studies have investigated the potential atherogenicity and thrombogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants by isolating them from plasma within a remnant-like particle (RLP) fraction, using an immunoaffinity gel containing specific anti-apoB-100 and anti-apoA-I antibodies. In order to characterize lipoproteins in this RLP fraction and to determine to what extent their composition varies from one individual to another, we have used automated gel filtration chromatography to determine the size heterogeneity of RLP isolated from normolipidemic control subjects (n = 8), and from type III (n = 6) and type IV (n = 9) hyperlipoproteinemic patients, who by selection had similarly elevated levels of plasma triglyceride (406 +/- 43 and 397 +/- 35 mg/dl, respectively). Plasma RLP triglyceride, cholesterol, apoB, apoC-III, and apoE concentrations were elevated 2- to 6-fold (P < 0. 05) in hyperlipoproteinemic patients compared to controls. RLP fractions of type III patients were enriched in cholesterol and apoE compared to those of type IV patients, and RLP of type IV patients were enriched in triglyceride and apoC-III relative to those of normolipidemic subjects. In normolipidemic subjects, the majority of RLP had a size similar to LDL or HDL. The RLP of hyperlipoproteinemic patients were, however, larger and were similar in size to TRL, or were intermediate in size (i.e., ISL) between that of TRL and LDL. Compared to controls, ISL in the RLP fraction of type III patients were enriched in apoE relative to apoC-III, whereas in type IV patients they were enriched in apoC-III relative to apoE. These results demonstrate that: 1) RLP are heterogeneous in size and composition in both normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects, and 2) the apoE and apoC-III composition of RLP is different in type III compared to type IV hyperlipoproteinemic patients.
Chemokine Regulation of Normal and Pathologic Immune Responses (2001)

Chemokines are small basic proteins that are the major mediators of all leukocyte migration. There are at least 46 distinct chemokines, and 19 chemokine receptors, making it easily the largest cytokine family. Chemokines can be both beneficial and harmful, by either stimulating an appropriate immune response to microbial invasion, or by mediating pathologic tissue destruction in many types of human disease. Chemokines have been implicated in the tissue destruction seen in autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, allograft rejection, and neoplasia. Chemokines also play essential roles in normal lymphocyte trafficking to primary and secondary lymphoid organs for antigen presentation and lymphocyte maturation. Chemokines also regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homing and proliferation. Therefore, it is likely that chemokines will become important targets for pharmacologic intervention in a wide variety of human diseases in the future.
A Detective Method for SYN Flood Attacks (2006)

DoS (Denial of Service) attacks are easily performed by utilizing the weakness of the network protocol. If should be notable that the firewall host hardly filters the SYN flood attacks, and the spoofed IP address keeps the position of the attacker from being traced. Early detection of this SYN flood attacks as well as the mechanism of escaping from the half-open state on TCP is required. In this paper, we present a detective method for SYN flood attacks in early stage. We implemented a program to send the SYN packet and collected the SYN+ACK response packet from the server. Our method firstly built a standard model generated by observations for the activity of the server. Secondly, we detect the slight fluctuations in relation to the packet response rate and the average response delay. Finally, the RST packet is sent to the server on which half-open state on TCP is released
Framework for Intelligent Message Routing Policy Adaptation (2015)

Monitoring message workflow transmission is a very challenging problem, especially in pervasive environments, mainly because of the wide range of unexpected events (e.g. Human and material resources unavailability) and context changes (e.g. Source and target localizations) that may occur at run-time. In this paper, we propose an information system and services orchestration framework enabling intelligent message routing policy adaptation. Our objective is to build a reliable routing strategy that can autonomously and intelligently adapt its own behavior and decisions according to source and target context changes as well as to controlled message status (e.g. Exceeded deadlines for message reception). We present a solution that emphasizes some cutting-edge characteristics that we believe are crucial for enhancing the quality of message communication, such as intelligence, controllability, scalability, adaptivity and personalization. The routing decisions can be adapted at different levels of decision-making such as message itinerary, delay for message treatment, etc., by means of advanced AI methods that we detail for some of the most sensitive self-adaptive services.
Infrared Spectroscopy of the Microhydrated Nitrate Ions NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>1−6</sub> (2009)

We present infrared photodissociation spectra of the microhydrated nitrate ions NO(3)(-)(H(2)O)(1-6), measured from 600 to 1800 cm(-1). The assignment of the spectra is aided by comparison with calculated B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ harmonic frequencies, as well as with higher-level calculations. The IR spectra are dominated by the antisymmetric stretching mode of NO(3)(-), which is doubly degenerate in the bare ion but splits into its two components for most microhydrated ions studied here due to asymmetric solvation of the nitrate core. However, for NO(3)(-)(H(2)O)(3), the spectrum reveals no lifting of this degeneracy, indicating an ion with a highly symmetric solvation shell. The first three water molecules bind in a bidentate fashion to the terminal oxygen atoms of the nitrate ion, keeping the planar symmetry. The onset of extensive water-water hydrogen bonding is observed starting with four water molecules and persists in the larger clusters.
Organic thin film crystal growth for nonlinear optics: present methods and exploratory developments (2002)

We discuss different methods to grow organic single crystalline thin films from solution. Specifically, we address exploratory developments and apply them on the highly nonlinear material DAST (4′-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate) in a DAST/methanol system. We describe the nucleation and growth thermodynamics in solution using a solubility diagram and its Ostwald–Meiers metastable region. The important experimental parameters for bidimensional growth are discussed and first promising results are presented.
Effects of Dried Dairy Ingredients on Physical and Sensory Properties of Nonfat Yogurt (2006)

Physical and sensory attributes are important factors that influence food acceptance and choices. In this study, sensory and texture properties of nonfat yogurts made from reconstituted skim milk powder (SMP) fortified with SMP as a control, whey protein isolate (WPI), yogurt texture improver (TI), and sodium caseinate (NaCn) were investigated over a 12-d storage period. Viscosity and syneresis were measured as physical quality parameters. Descriptive sensory analysis was carried out for each sample to determine the profiles of the products. Consumer acceptance testing (n = 143 consumers) was also conducted to measure the acceptability of yogurts; panelists were asked to rank their preference for the different yogurt samples. Differences among physical and sensory attributes of yogurts were defined. Addition of WPI improved the physical properties of yogurts, resulting in the highest viscosity and the lowest syneresis. On the other hand, yogurt with WPI did not have desirable sensory properties. The descriptive panel indicated that yogurt with WPI had the lowest fermented flavor attribute. In general, yogurts fortified with NaCn and TI displayed better physical and sensory properties than did control and WPI-fortified yogurts. Consumer testing showed that yogurts with NaCn and TI were not different from the control with regard to their flavor acceptability. Yogurts fortified with NaCn and TI were the most preferred samples by Turkish consumers.
Adaptive MCS Selection in OFDM Systems Based on Channel Frequency Coherence (2009)

This paper presents a joint adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme, which exploits the coherence bandwidth of the wireless channel to divide the transmitted frame into independent sub-channels that correspond to the channel coherence bandwidth. This strategy is implemented for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with channel state information (CSI) feedback. Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are utilized for encoding by employing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) dependent coding rates, as well as distinct modulation schemes to achieve adaptivity to time-varying channel conditions. The performance of the proposed system was tested on Rayleigh fading channels that exhibit frequency coherent bands. Numerical results obtained via simulation demonstrate that the throughput of the proposed system and bit error rate (BER) performance are better than previously suggested approaches.
2002, ‘Distributed Partial Information Management (DPIM) schemes for survivable networks - Part I (2002)

This paper describes a novel framework called Distributed Partial Information Management (or DPIM). It addresses several major challenges in achieving efficient shared path protection under distributed control with only partial information, including (1) how much partial information about existing active and backup paths (or APs and BPs respectively) is maintained and exchanged; (2) how to obtain a good estimate of the bandwidth needed by a candidate BP, called BBW, and subsequently select a pair of AP and BP for a connection establishment request so as to minimize total bandwidth consumption and/or maximize revenues; (3) how to distributively allocate minimal BBW (and de-allocate maximal BBW) via distributed signaling; and (4) how to update and subsequently exchange the partial information. Two DPIM schemes, one using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and the other using a heuristic to find a pair of AP and BP, as well as several possible information exchange methods based on the modifications or extensions to existing IP-based routing protocols, are proposed. The performances of the two DPIM schemes are shown to be much better than an existing ILP-based scheme requiring about the same amount of partial information. In addition, the trade-offs between the performance and information exchange frequency are also studied, and an efficient information exchange method is identified. The paper also presents an elegant way to support dynamic requests for protected, unprotected, and pre-emptiable connections in the unified DPIM framework. I.
Whole-arm manipulation : kinematics and control (1989)

This thesis explores the kinematics and control issues associated with an approach to manipulation that employs all of the available surfaces of a robot to interact with the workspace. This thesis explores manipulations of this type which we term whole-arm manipulation (WAM). A classification of WAM tasks into pushing, searching, enclosure, and exclusion is presented and examples of each are given. A technique for describing the task kinematics and compliance in terms of compliant line motions is presented. Compliance control requirements are discussed in light of these task requirements. Implementation of the kinematic solutions and control for whole-arm tasks is described for the MIT-WAM robot. The inverse kinematic problem of placing the last link of the robot along a desired line is derived and the resulting transformations are applied to a maximum path deviation algorithm to plan manipulator motions. The endtip cartesian kinematics is derived and applied to the problem of sensin...
Controllable Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Polyaniline Nanowires and Nanotubes (2011)

A novel chemical oxidative polymerization approach has been proposed for the controllable preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid MoO(x)/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites based on the nanowire precursor of Mo(3)O(10)(C(6)H(8)N)(2)·2H(2)O with sub-nanometer periodic structures. The nanotubes, nanowires, and rambutan-like nanoparticles of MoO(x)/PANI were successfully obtained through simply modulating the pH values to 2.5-3.5, ≈2.0 and ≈1.0, respectively. Through systematic physicochemical characterization, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and so forth, the composition and structure of MoO(x)/PANI hybrid nanocomposites are well confirmed. It is found that the nanowire morphology of the precursor is the key to achieve the one-dimensional (1D) structures of final products. A new polymerization-dissolution mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of such products with different morphologies, in which the match between polymerization and dissolution processes of the precursor plays the important role. This approach will find a new way to controllably prepare various organic-inorganic hybrid 1D nanomaterials especially for polymer-hybrid nanostructures.
Origin of Enhanced Activity in Palladium Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2007)

We explored the origin of the enhanced activity of Pd-alloy electrocatalysts for the O2 reduction reaction by correlating the electrocatalytic activity of intrinsic Pd and Pt surfaces and Pd and Pt overlayers on several substrates with their electronic properties, and established the volcano-type dependence of O2 reduction activity on the binding energy of oxygen and the d-band center of the top metal layer. Intrinsic Pd and Pt surfaces bind oxygen too firmly to allow efficient removal of the adsorbed reaction intermediates. Therefore, they do not have the highest activity and are not on the top of the volcano plot. A Pd overlayer on a Pd3Fe(111) alloy, was predicted to lie on top of the volcano plot, and thus, it appears to be the most active catalyst among investigated ones because of its moderate interaction with oxygen. The results can help in designing better electrocatalysts for fuel cells and other applications.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence. 77. DNA Hybridization Detection at High Amplification with [Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>-Containing Microspheres (2004)

An ultrasensitive DNA hybridization detection method based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) using polystyrene microspheres/beads (PSB) as the carrier of the ECL labels, namely, tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2), is reported. Probe single-stranded DNA (p-ssDNA) was attached to the surface of magnetic beads (MB) and hybridized with target-ssDNA (t-ssDNA) with immobilized PSB containing a large number of water insoluble Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2 species (∼7.5 × 109 molecules/bead). With this approach a large amplification factor of Ru(bpy)3[B(C6F5)4]2 molecules for each t-ssDNA can be achieved, when each PSB is attached to a limited number of t-ssDNA. The p-ssDNA−MB ↔ t-ssDNA−PSB/Ru(bpy)32+ conjugates formed were magnetically separated from the reaction media and dissolved in MeCN containing tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as an ECL coreactant. ECL was produced with a potential scan from 0 to 3.0 V versus Ag/Ag+, and the integrated ECL intensity was found to be linearly proportional to the t-ssDNA concentration in a range of 1.0 fM to 10 nM under optimized conditions. ECL signals associated with two base pair mismatched ssDNA and noncomplementary ssDNA can be distinguished well from the ECL signal related to the complementary DNA hybridization. A Poisson distribution is followed when a large number of MB reacts with PSB, and the minimum number of 1.0- and 2.8-μm diameter MB required to bind and magnetically separate a single 10-μm diameter PSB from the reaction solution was estimated to be three and one, respectively. The principle described in this paper could be also applied to many other ECL analyses, such as immunoassays.
A Comparison of Methods for Sniff Measurement Concurrent with Olfactory Tasks in Humans (2006)

There is a growing appreciation for the role of sniffing in the formation of the olfactory percept. With this in mind, monitoring and measurement of sniffing is an important aspect of olfactory experiments. There are several methods for measuring human sniffs concurrent with odor delivery in olfactory experiments. Here, we set out to compare the temporal sensitivity and power of these different methods by applying them all simultaneously with an olfactory task. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method and conclude in recommending the use of a nasal cannula linked to a pressure sensor whenever possible.
Parametric modeling of photoelectron effects in x-ray lithography (1993)

In the energy range of interest for x-ray lithography, absorption of x rays by atoms results in the emission of photoelectrons and Auger secondaries, as well as the generation of a shower of low-energy electrons. The development of accurate models for the image formation in x-ray lithography requires that this mechanism be included. The electronic processes produce a redistribution of the x-ray energy over a finite volume. The interaction of the electrons with the medium is complex, and can be treated in the framework of a response theory (dielectric function). A simplified model can be obtained by separating elastic and inelastic interactions. The elastic interactions are treated with atomic Mott cross sections, and the inelastic interactions by a continuous slowing down approximation based on the dielectric response function. The model accounts for all the physical interactions of interest, and includes tabulated values for ε from published data. These models were incorporated in a Monte Carlo simulation code and have successfully benchmarked it with published results of Murata et al. [Optik 84, 163 (1990)]. The low efficiency of the Monte Carlo method motivates the need to parameterize the energy redistribution results from the simulation. This parameterization was performed, for a given material, in two steps: First, as a function of the photoelectron initial kinetic energy and then as a function of the photon energy. Parameterization as a function of the photoelectron initial kinetic energy is interpreted as a response of the medium to a particular electron. The parameterization as a function of the photon energy is the weighted sum of individual electron responses, according to the electrons emitted. Both can be used as point-spread functions as appropriate.
A multi-format Blu-ray player SoC in 90nm CMOS (2009)

A Blue-ray Disc (BD) player, back-end SoC supporting multiple protection, video and display formats is fabricated in a 90 nm 1P7M CMOS process with a core area of 62.95 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This SoC adopts a general copy protection (GCP) unit to integrate various kinds of protection algorithms (e.g. AES, CSS, CPPM/CPRM, DES, SHA-1/MD5), designs a dedicated memory management unit (MMU) for realizing multiple video standards (e.g. MPEG-1/2/4, H.264, VC-1), and exploits a reduced display path so as to provide two display outputs simultaneously. Moreover, a 3.7 Gb/s/ch HDMI TX circuit is proposed to support different color depths and display resolutions. For BD player applications, AACS decryption, 60 fps H.264 decode, 1080 pHD with 480 pSD picture overlay (PIP), and HDMI-1.3 12b deep color-mode output is achieved at 200 MHz, 200 MHz, 148.5 MHz and 222.5 MHz clock frequency, respectively. It dissipates about 1.605 W at 1.0 V core and 1.2/3.3 V HDMI macro.
High-Speed Visible Light Communications Using Individual Pixels in a Micro Light-Emitting Diode Array (2010)

The high-frequency modulation of individual pixels in III-nitride-based micro-pixel light-emitting diode arrays, where each array consists of 16 × 16 individually addressable 72-μm-diameter pixels, are reported. The devices investigated have peak emission wavelengths at 370, 405, and 450 nm, respectively. The optical -3-dB modulation bandwidth of a typical pixel from the 450-nm-emitting device was found to be approximately 245 MHz. Data transmission at rates of up to 1 Gb/s is demonstrated from a single pixel emitting at 450 nm, using on-off keying nonreturn-to-zero modulation, with a bit-error ratio of less than 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> . Such devices have potential for free-space or fiber-coupled visible light communications.
Clustered Nyström Method for Large Scale Manifold Learning and Dimension Reduction (2010)

Kernel (or similarity) matrix plays a key role in many machine learning algorithms such as kernel methods, manifold learning, and dimension reduction. However, the cost of storing and manipulating the complete kernel matrix makes it infeasible for large problems. The Nyström method is a popular sampling-based low-rank approximation scheme for reducing the computational burdens in handling large kernel matrices. In this paper, we analyze how the approximating quality of the Nyström method depends on the choice of landmark points, and in particular the encoding powers of the landmark points in summarizing the data. Our (non-probabilistic) error analysis justifies a "clustered Nyström method" that uses the k-means clustering centers as landmark points. Our algorithm can be applied to scale up a wide variety of algorithms that depend on the eigenvalue decomposition of kernel matrix (or its variant), such as kernel principal component analysis, Laplacian eigenmap, spectral clustering, as well as those involving kernel matrix inverse such as least-squares support vector machine and Gaussian process regression. Extensive experiments demonstrate the competitive performance of our algorithm in both accuracy and efficiency.
CFRP strengthening of concrete bridges with curved soffits (2003)

The objective of this experimental program has been to study CFRP strengthening of existing concrete bridges that contain soffit curvature. In the presence of such curvature, the FRP laminates attempt to straighten under tension, leading to direct transverse tensile stress in the adhesive, which may cause premature peeling. This tensile stress could also lead to the cover being ripped off prematurely. In this research program, six beams, each 6m in length and each having different extents of curvature, were tested under a three-point static load test setup at the University of Missouri – Rolla (UMR). One of the beams containing soffit curvature was anchored using GFRP anchor spikes to prevent the expected premature peeling.