gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise reduction for differently exposed images (2012)

For scenes under low lighting condition, cameras are usually set to a high sensitivity (ISO) mode to reduce motion blur at the cost of increased image noise. When multiple differently exposed images are used to generate a high dynamic range (HDR) image, the high ISO noise from each low dynamic range (LDR) image can be further amplified by the HDR synthesis algorithm which would result in severely degradation of visual quality. This paper proposes an intensity mapping function based noise reduction method for differently exposed images with high ISO noise. The proposed method does not require any knowledge on either camera response functions or exposure times. In addition, the method is simple yet effective for noise removal from the LDR images without introducing any blurring or other artifacts.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Short-Chain Fatty Acid Characterization in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2019)

There were alterations of SCFAs in IBD patients, and inconsistent SCFA alterations were found in CD and UC. More importantly, inverse SCFA alterations existed in patients with active UC and those in remission.
Las diferencias regionales en el bienestar : un análisis desde la perspectiva del ocio (2005)

El ocio, claro indicador del grado de desarrollo de las economías y exponente del bienestar de sus ciudadanos, se manifiesta en dos ámbitos fundamentales: el temporal y el monetario. Así, las actividades de ocio conllevan para el demandante una utilización intensiva de tiempo y, a menudo, también un gasto monetario. Lo anterior no significa, sin embargo, que tiempo y dinero empleado en ocio discurran siempre en paralelo, pues muchas de estas actividades consumen tiempo pero apenas generan un gasto monetario. El objetivo de la presente comunicación es analizar las pautas que muestran los individuos de las distintas regiones españolas en sus decisiones de ocio, así como explicar los posibles motivos que las justifican. Uno de los factores explicativos más importantes será la existencia de diferencias de renta, pero con toda probabilidad, no el único. Adicionalmente se trata de comprobar si las regiones más ricas son también las que disfrutan de más ocio, tanto en términos de gasto como de tiempo. Puesto que el nivel de bienestar alcanzado a través del ocio puede depender tanto del gasto realizado como del tiempo que se le dedique, el objetivo anterior se aborda considerando ambos puntos de vista. Para ello se explota la información que ofrecen dos encuestas del INE: la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares y la Encuesta de Usos de Tiempo.
Component analysis of a Sentiment Analysis framework on different corpora (2014)

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is the computational study of people's opinions about certain topics. With the massive growth of web 2.0 technologies, many sources of data and corpora are available for SA. There are some recent frameworks proposed in this field that can deal with different corpora. This paper presents a component analysis of recently proposed sentiment analysis framework. The framework components are divided to three stages, each of which contains many alternatives. The first stage is the text processing which include “handling negations, removing stopwords, and using selective words of part-of-speech tags”. The second stage is the feature extractions which are “unigrams and bigrams”. The third stage is the text classification which was done using “Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree” classifiers. It is important to analyze the components of the framework to configure which scenario is better for each corpus used. The analysis is enhanced by applying the framework components on the benchmark corpus movie reviews in addition to the prepared corpora from online social network sites and a review site. The results show that applying all the stages of text processing techniques ultimately decrease the classifiers' training time with no significant penalty in accuracy. The results also show that “Naïve Bayes” gives higher accuracy in case of balanced benchmark corpus while “Decision tree” classifier is better for imbalance data from social network.
Experimental Test of Multi-Stage Vertical-Axis Turbines for Cellular Communication Applications (2012)

A multi-year research program has generated a working prototype for a vertical-axis wind turbine that is capable of powering cellular communication equipment. The turbine is designed to be affixed to already existing communication towers and thereby has a reduced cost of installation. The turbine is driven by air drag forces rather than by lift. It has a number of novel features including venting slots that are created to reduce the thrust loading on the communication tower. In addition, contoured caps are affixed to the upper and lower edges of the turbine blades to increase power production. As previously mentioned, the turbine design itself is a drag-based concept rather than the more typical lift-driven devices. The advantages of the drag-based design are: 1. lower startup wind speed, 2. slower rotation and a lessened vibrational load on the tower, 3. less sensitive to wind direction, and 4. it can be aligned with the tower. The design of the device was carried out through a combination of numerical simulation and experimentation. The simulations have evolved from preliminary two-dimensional calculations to a fully three dimensional, unsteady, computational fluid dynamic analysis. Simultaneously, the experiments have included both in-field and wind-tunnel tests of various stages of the turbine design. An outcome of the effort is a third-generation working vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) that is currently being evaluated with in-field tests. The results of the tests are positive and confirm the expectations that were developed during the product design phase. The turbine, which can be constructed with various rotor stages, has the capability of producing approximately 2–3 kW of power in wind-speed environments of 12–16 m/s. These power production levels are greatly in excess of that required to fully power the electronics equipment on a typical cellular communication tower. Unfortunately, subsequent tests showed that the turbine production dropped approximately sevenfold. The cause of the decrease in performance was friction in the mechanical components which coupled the rotating shaft to the support structure. This recognition reinforces the importance of low-resistance mechanical design for VAWTs. Another aspect of the turbine design is the specialized electronics which allow the electronics to adapt to local wind speeds and consequently increase the efficiency of the power production.
Transaction Internet Protocol Version 3.0 (1998)

In many applications where different nodes cooperate on some work, there is a need to guarantee that the work happens atomically. That is, each node must reach the same conclusion as to whether the work is to be completed, even in the face of failures. This document proposes a simple, easily-implemented protocol for achieving this end.
Clinical Significance of Long Non-Coding RNA CASC8 rs10505477 Polymorphism in Lung Cancer Susceptibility, Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Response, and Toxicity (2016)

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CASC8 rs10505477 polymorphism has been identified to be related to risk of many kinds of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and invasive ovarian cancer, and it may be involved in the prognosis of gastric cancer patients who have received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgical treatment. So far, there is no study investigating the clinical significance of lncRNA CASC8 rs10505477 in lung cancer susceptibility and treatment. In this study, we genotyped 498 lung cancer patients and 213 healthy control subjects to explore the correlation between the rs10505477 polymorphism and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Among the 498 patients, 467 were selected for the chemotherapy response and toxicity study. We found that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs10505477 was greatly related to lung cancer risk in male and adenocarcinoma subgroups in recessive model (adjusted OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.29-0.90, p = 0.02; adjusted OR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.30-0.89, p = 0.02, respectively). It was also closely correlated with platinum-based chemotherapy response in dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.05-2.39, p = 0.03). Additionally, we observed that CASC8 rs10505477 polymorphism was significantly relevant to severe hematologic toxicity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subgroup in dominant model (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.35-0.98, p = 0.04) and in additive model (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.43-0.90, p = 0.01). Furthermore, it was found that rs10505477 polymorphism was greatly associated with gastrointestinal toxicity in SCLC and cisplatin subgroups in dominant model (adjusted OR = 7.82, 95%CI = 1.36-45.07, p = 0.02; adjusted OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.07-3.53, p = 0.03, respectively). Thus, lncRNA CASC8 rs10505477 could serve as a possible risk marker for diagnosing lung cancer, and could be used to forecast the response and toxicity of platinum-based treatment in lung cancer patients.
4-(Phenylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-diones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) (2008)

The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), as complexes with their respective partners, the cyclins, are critical regulators of cell cycle progression. Because aberrant regulations of CDK4/cyclin D1 lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer, small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D1 are attractive as prospective antitumor agents. The series of 4-(phenylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives reported here represents a novel class of potent inhibitors that selectively inhibit CDK4 over CDK2 and CDK1 activities. In the headpiece of the 4-(phenylaminomethylene)isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione, a basic amine substituent is required on the aniline ring for the CDK4 inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity is further enhanced when an aryl or heteroaryl substituent is introduced at the C-6 position of the isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione core. We present here SAR data and a CDK4 mimic model that explains the binding, potency, and selectivity of our CDK4 selective inhibitors.
A review of CAD/CAM procedures for the production of custom made artificial hip joints (2003)

A review is given of the procedures necessary for the design and manufacture of custom-made hip joints. It is shown that the failure rate in the under-50 patients can be greatly reduced by the use of a cementless prosthesis. Up to 50 sizes of implant are available worldwide, and these can be stored in the memory to form a library of suitable off-the-shelf prostheses. In the event of the bioengineer being unable to find a suitable match, a custom-designed prosthesis is developed using a video display.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanism of Hydrogen Generation via Water Reaction with Aluminum Alloys (2010)

Solid alloys of aluminum, gallium, indium and tin have been shown to react with water at room temperature to produce hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide in an exothermic reaction. The gallium, indium and tin components are inert and recoverable. The aluminum hydroxide can be recycled back to aluminum by the Hall-Heroult process. Several different experiments have been conducted to understand the reaction mechanism. There is strong evidence indicating that the presence of a liquid phase in the alloy microstructure allows for a continuous reaction between aluminum and water to generate hydrogen. Hydrogen yield and reaction rate kinetics were studied for various compositions and reaction temperatures. Alloy reactivity displayed a strong dependence on microstructure, resulting from variations in composition and method of preparation.
A new approach to clustering using eigen decomposition (2010)

We propose a novel approach to relational clustering: Given a matrix of pairwise similarity values between objects our algorithm computes a partition of the objects such that similar objects belong to the same cluster and dissimilar objects belong to different clusters. The proposed approach is based on the assumption that the given similarities are products of cluster membership variables. It is based on eigen vector decomposition and minimizes the squared error between the similarities and the products of membership vectors in an efficient, non-iterative way with guaranteed global optimality. In experiments with real world data we show superior performance to conventional iterative clustering approaches.
Polymer-capped gold nanoparticles by ligand-exchange reactions (2008)

The thiol-for-DMAP (4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine) exchange-reaction is demonstrated to be very effective in preparing polymer-capped gold nanoparticles. A number of PEO- and PS-capped gold nanoparticles are thus prepared using mild reaction conditions with a minimal amount of excess thiol ligand. Excellent thermal stability, retention of gold core size and morphology as well as very high surface grafting of the polymeric ligand on the gold core are features of this procedure.
Structure–Activity Relationships for a Family of Benzothiophene Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Including Raloxifene and Arzoxifene (2007)

The search for the "ideal" selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) as a substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or use in cancer chemoprevention has focused on optimization of estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding. Based on the clinical and preclinical benzothiophene SERMs, raloxifene and arzoxifene, a family of SERMs has been developed to modulate activity and oxidative lability. Antiestrogenic potency measured in human endometrial and breast cancer cells, and ER ligand binding data were correlated and seen to provide a guide to SERM design only when viewed in toto. The in vitro studies were extended to the juvenile rat model, in which the desired antiestrogenic profile and putative cardiovascular benefits of SERMs were observed.
The design of a data transfer module over intranet in EIT system (2006)

A data transfer module used to transfer the impedence information of tissue obtained by EIT system is developed. This module consists of a hardware circuit and a DLL (dynamic link library) driver. Its architecture is client/server mode. The maximum transfer speed of this module is up to 500 KB/S. With its high speed, remote communication and electric isolated features, it has potential use in many medical applications.
Multiplexed paper analytical device for quantification of metals using distance-based detection (2015)

Exposure to metal-containing aerosols has been linked with adverse health outcomes for almost every organ in the human body. Commercially available techniques for quantifying particulate metals are time-intensive, laborious, and expensive; often sample analysis exceeds $100. We report a simple technique, based upon a distance-based detection motif, for quantifying metal concentrations of Ni, Cu, and Fe in airborne particulate matter using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Paper substrates are used to create sensors that are self-contained, self-timing, and require only a drop of sample for operation. Unlike other colorimetric approaches in paper microfluidics that rely on optical instrumentation for analysis, with distance-based detection, analyte is quantified visually based on the distance of a colorimetric reaction, similar to reading temperature on a thermometer. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, Ni, Cu, and Fe were measured individually in single-channel devices; detection limits as low as 0.1, 0.1, and 0.05 μg were reported for Ni, Cu, and Fe. Multiplexed analysis of all three metals was achieved with detection limits of 1, 5, and 1 μg for Ni, Cu, and Fe. We also extended the dynamic range for multi-analyte detection by printing concentration gradients of colorimetric reagents using an off-the-shelf inkjet printer. Analyte selectivity was demonstrated for common interferences. To demonstrate utility of the method, Ni, Cu, and Fe were measured from samples of certified welding fume; levels measured with paper sensors matched known values determined gravimetrically.
Using an active Radio Frequency Identification Real-Time Location System to remotely monitor animal movement in zoos (2016)

Radio and satellite telemetry collars have been used across taxa, including with elephants, in situ for decades to collect data used for various analyses. To quantify the movement patterns of African elephants, Loxodonta africana, in a zoo, we modified a Real-Time Location System using active Radio Frequency Identification tags originally developed for inventory and asset tracking in warehouses. This is the first phase of a multi-phase project that we have termed the Real-Time Observer of Animal Movement. It allows for the continuous data collection and data analytics of elephant movement and space use in a mixed-species African savanna habitat at the Dallas Zoo. This system could prove to be a useful remote welfare tool for a variety of animal species at multiple facilities. We determined that a Real-Time Location System using Radio Frequency Identification tags could be used to continuously monitor elephant movement, social relationships, and exhibit use remotely over several acres in a zoo with a volume of data not otherwise possible to achieve. Real-time visual outputs include current location in the habitat, paths taken around the habitat, habitat preferences, social relationships between the elephants, and data tables with average rate of travel and distance traveled. The pilot system at the Dallas Zoo is the first-ever use of active Radio Frequency Identification technology to observe zoo animal behavior patterns and monitor welfare. It has proven to be an effective tool for efficiently collecting data continuously and remotely throughout the day and night. It represents the first phase of a multifaceted project that will add capabilities and functionality for additional species and other zoos to form a network for sharing data to inform captive animal management strategies.
Curcumin impregnation improves the mechanical properties and reduces the inflammatory response associated with poly(L-lactic acid) fiber (2005)

We investigated poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers and coils, simulating stents and the influence of impregnation with curcumin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, intended to reduce the pro-inflammatory property of these implants. Fibers obtained by melt extrusion of 137 kDa PLLA resin containing 10% curcumin (C-PLLA) exhibited a stable curcumin release rate for periods up to 36 days. Curcumin increased the fiber tensile strength at break and decreased embrittlement vs. controls in 36 day 37 degrees C saline incubation. A mouse peritoneal phagocyte model was employed to test the anti-inflammatory properties of C-PLLA fibers in vitro. Myeloperoxidase and non-specific esterase activity assays were performed for adherent cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages (MPhi), respectively). PMN and MPhi adhesion to C-PLLA fibers were significantly reduced compared to control PLLA fibers (2.6 +/- 0.91) x 10(5) vs. (5.6 +/- 0.67) x 10(5) PMN/cm2 and (3.9 +/- 0.23) x 10(3) vs. (9.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(3) MPhi/cm2 (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, superoxide release in the phagocyte pool contacting C-PLLA fibers was 97% less than that for PLLA controls. A fresh human whole blood recirculation system was employed to analyze cell adhesion under flow conditions, employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Reduced adhesion of cells on C-PLLA fiber coils vs. controls was observed. These in vitro studies demonstrate that bulk curcumin impregnation can reduce the inflammatory response to bioresorbable PLLA fibers, whilst improving mechanical properties, thereby suggesting curcumin loading may benefit PLLA-based implants.
The Flight Speed of Honeybees: a Quantitative Approach (1963)

SUMMARYForaging bees were trained to feeding stations 210 and 420 m. from their hive, and individually marked. Wind speeds were measured 7 m. from the ground; bees were regarded as flying with or against the wind according to whether the wind struck them at angles of 135–180° or 0–45° from the flight path. Winds at 45–90° were not considered; those at 90–135° were regarded as neutral winds.Wind affected speed of flight, but much less than if wind speed were simply superimposed on a constant air speed. Regression lines gave ground speeds of 7·5 and 6·5 m./sec. respectively for unloaded and loaded bees, the difference being significant (P<0·00l); in neutral winds these speeds were 7·8 and 7·0 m./sec. respectively. At wind speeds above 4 m./sec. bees flew just above the ground instead of at 7·8 m., and thus maintained a fairly constant ground speed. Bees foraging at 420 m. spent less time feeding, and more in the hive (average differences −16 sec., +20 sec.) than bees foraging at 210 m.
Evolution of reticular pseudodrusen (2010)

The prevalence of RPD may be underestimated because their recognition depends upon the imaging method used, the area of fundus examined and the confusion with typical drusen. The pathology of one eye suggests that RPD may correspond to material in the subretinal space.
Renin inhibitors. Syntheses of subnanomolar, competitive, transition-state analog inhibitors containing a novel analog of statine (1985)

Analogues of the renin octapeptide substrate were synthesized in which replacement of the scissile dipeptide with (3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (statine, Sta) transformed the substrate sequence into potent, transition-state analogue, competitive inhibitors of renin. Synthesis and incorporation of the cyclohexylalanyl analogue of Sta, (3S,4S)-4-amino-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid (ACHPA), gave the most potent inhibitors of renin yet reported, including N-isovaleryl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-ACHPA-L -leucyl-L- phenylalanyl amide [Iva-His-Pro-Phe-His-ACHPA-Leu-Phe-NH2,3], with renin inhibitions of Ki = 1.6 X 10(-10) M (human kidney renin), IC50 = 1.7 X 10(-10)M (human plasma renin), IC50 = 1.9 X 10(-9)M (dog plasma renin), and IC50 = 2.1 X 10(-8) M (rat plasma renin). This inhibitor 3, containing ACHPA, was 55-76 times more potent vs. human renin than the comparable Sta-containing inhibitor 1 and 17 times more potent vs. dog renin than 1. Inhibitor 3 lowered blood pressure in sodium-deficient dogs, with in vivo potency 19 times that shown by 1, in close agreement with the relative in vitro potencies. Structure-activity results are presented that show the minimal N-terminus for these inhibitors. An ACHPA-containing pentapeptide, N-[(ethyloxy)carbonyl]-L-phenylalanyl-L- histidyl-ACHPA-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl amide [Etoc-Phe-His-ACHPA-Leu-Phe-NH2,8], retained subnanomolar inhibitory potency. Molecular modelling studies are described that suggested the design of ACHPA.
Podocyte injury and targeting therapy: an update (2005)

The resurgence of research in podocyte biology over the past decade underscores the importance of this unique cell in preserving glomerular structure and function. A greater understanding of the complex signaling mechanisms governing podocyte biology in health and disease will ultimately lead to novel therapeutic avenues for treating disorders of the podocyte.