gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial electron transport and energy conservation â€“ the foundation for optimizing bioelectrochemical systems (2015)

Microbial electrochemical techniques describe a variety of emerging technologies that use electrode-bacteria interactions for biotechnology applications including the production of electricity, waste and wastewater treatment, bioremediation and the production of valuable products. Central in each application is the ability of the microbial catalyst to interact with external electron acceptors and/or donors and its metabolic properties that enable the combination of electron transport and carbon metabolism. And here also lies the key challenge. A wide range of microbes has been discovered to be able to exchange electrons with solid surfaces or mediators but only a few have been studied in depth. Especially electron transfer mechanisms from cathodes towards the microbial organism are poorly understood but are essential for many applications such as microbial electrosynthesis. We analyze the different electron transport chains that nature offers for organisms such as metal respiring bacteria and acetogens, but also standard biotechnological organisms currently used in bio-production. Special focus lies on the essential connection of redox and energy metabolism, which is often ignored when studying bioelectrochemical systems. The possibility of extracellular electron exchange at different points in each organism is discussed regarding required redox potentials and effect on cellular redox and energy levels. Key compounds such as electron carriers (e.g., cytochromes, ferredoxin, quinones, flavins) are identified and analyzed regarding their possible role in electrode-microbe interactions. This work summarizes our current knowledge on electron transport processes and uses a theoretical approach to predict the impact of different modes of transfer on the energy metabolism. As such it adds an important piece of fundamental understanding of microbial electron transport possibilities to the research community and will help to optimize and advance bioelectrochemical techniques.
Face Identification Using Novel Frequency-Domain Representation of Facial Asymmetry (2006)

Face recognition is a challenging task. This paper introduces a novel set of biometrics, defined in the frequency domain and representing a form of "facial asymmetry." A comparison with existing spatial asymmetry measures suggests that the frequency-domain representation provides an efficient approach for performing human identification in the presence of severe expressions and for expression classification. Error rates of less than 5% are observed for human identification and around 25% for expression classification on a database of 55 individuals. Feature analysis indicates that asymmetry of the different face parts helps in these two apparently conflicting classification problems. An interesting connection between asymmetry and the Fourier domain phase spectra is then established. Finally, a compact one-bit frequency-domain representation of asymmetry is introduced, and a simplistic Hamming distance classifier is shown to be more efficient than traditional classifiers from storage and the computation point of view, while producing equivalent human identification results. In addition, the application of these compact measures to verification and a statistical analysis are presented
Inhibition of steroid 5<i>α</i>-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids (1992)

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.
Prevalence of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Children (2008)

Hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in an important minority of children with cirrhosis or severe portal hypertension. Additional studies should be undertaken to determine the importance of intrapulmonary vascular dilation without hepatopulmonary syndrome and the impact of hepatopulmonary syndrome on the outcomes of affected children.
EDC/NHS cross-linked collagen foams as scaffolds for artificial corneal stroma (2007)

In this study, a highly porous collagen-based biodegradable scaffold was developed as an alternative to synthetic, non-degradable corneal implants. The developed method involved lyophilization and subsequent stabilization through N-ethyl-N'-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide/N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC/NHS) cross-linking to yield longer lasting, porous scaffolds with a thickness similar to that of native cornea (500 microm). For collagen-based scaffolds, cross-linking is essential; however, it has direct effects on physical characteristics crucial for optimum cell behavior. Hence, the effect of cross-linking was studied by examining the influence of cross-linking on pore size distribution, bulk porosity and average pore size. After seeding the foam with human corneal keratocytes, cell proliferation, cell penetration into the scaffold and ECM production within the scaffold were studied. After a month of culture microscopical and immunohistochemical examinations showed that the foam structure did not undergo any significant loss of integrity, and the human corneal keratocytes populated the scaffold with cells migrating both longitudinally and laterally, and secreted some of the main constituents of the corneal ECM, namely collagen types I, V and VI. The foams had a layer of lower porosity (skin layer) both at the top and the bottom. Foams had an optimal porosity (93.6%), average pore size (67.7 microm), and chemistry for cell attachment and proliferation. They also had a sufficiently rapid degradation rate (73.6+/-1.1% in 4 weeks) and could be produced at a thickness close to that of the natural corneal stroma. Cells were seeded at the top surface of the foams and their numbers there was higher than the rest, basically due to the presence of the skin layer. This is considered to be an advantage when epithelial cells need to be seeded for the construction of hemi or full thickness cornea.
Real-time photorealistic virtualized reality interface for remote mobile robot control (2010)

The task of teleoperating a robot over a wireless video link is known to be very difficult. Teleoperation becomes even more difficult when the robot is surrounded by dense obstacles, or speed requirements are high, or video quality is poor, or wireless links are subject to latency. Due to high-quality lidar data, and improvements in computing and video compression, virtualized reality has the capacity to dramatically improve teleoperation performance — even in high-speed situations that were formerly impossible. In this paper, we demonstrate the conversion of dense geometry and appearance data, generated on-the-move by a mobile robot, into a photorealistic rendering model that gives the user a synthetic exterior line-of-sight view of the robot, including the context of its surrounding terrain. This technique converts teleoperation into virtual line-of-sight remote control. The underlying metrically consistent environment model also introduces the capacity to remove latency and enhance video compression. Display quality is sufficiently high that the user experience is similar to a driving video game where the surfaces used are textured with live video.
Upregulation of Sodium Channel Na<sub>v</sub>1.3 and Functional Involvement in Neuronal Hyperexcitability Associated with Central Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury (2003)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons and central neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that these phenomena are consequences, in part, of dysregulated expression of voltage-gated sodium channels. Because the rapidly repriming TTX-sensitive sodium channel Nav1.3 has been implicated in peripheral neuropathic pain, we investigated its role in central neuropathic pain after SCI. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent T9 spinal contusion injury. Four weeks after injury when extracellular recordings demonstrated hyperexcitability of L3-L5 dorsal horn multireceptive nociceptive neurons, and when pain-related behaviors were evident, quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry revealed an upregulation of Nav1.3 in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) targeting Nav1.3 resulted in decreased expression of Nav1.3 mRNA and protein, reduced hyperexcitability of multireceptive dorsal horn neurons, and attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after SCI. Expression of Nav1.3 protein and hyperexcitability in dorsal horn neurons as well as pain-related behaviors returned after cessation of antisense delivery. Responses to normally noxious stimuli and motor function were unchanged in SCI animals administered Nav1.3 antisense, and administration of mismatch ODNs had no effect. These results demonstrate for the first time that Nav1.3 is upregulated in second-order dorsal horn sensory neurons after nervous system injury, showing that SCI can trigger changes in sodium channel expression, and suggest a functional link between Nav1.3 expression and neuronal hyperexcitability associated with central neuropathic pain.
Nuclear pulse propulsion - A historical review of an advanced propulsion concept (1979)

Future space exploration, and in particular rapid manned exploration, requires propulsion systems that are much more advanced than present-day systems. The paper discusses the concept of the nuclear pulse rocket and reviews some of the history of the work carried out on this concept over the last 25 years. The external system (explosion outside the vehicle) and the internal system (explosion inside the vehicle) are compared. The capabilities of nuclear pulse systems are examined, demonstrating the striking advantage of this system over other concepts. Efforts should be concentrated on a program designed to develop nuclear pulse propulsion as a tool for exploiting the solar system. Ample bibliography is included.
Day and night-time active fire detection over North America using NOAA-16 AVHRR data (2003)

Presents an investigation of the applicability of NOAA-16/AVHRR (N-16) satellite data for detecting and mapping active wildfires across North American forest ecosystems. Two fire detection algorithms were developed for application to N-16 day and night-time daily imagery. The algorithms exploit both the multi-spectral and thermal information from the AVHRR daily images. For daytime data collection N-16 provides 3 reflective bands, namely, red, near infrared and short-wave infrared (SWIR), in addition to two thermal brightness temperature bands centred at 10.8 /spl mu/m and 12 /spl mu/m. During nighttime data collection the SWIR band is switched to the thermal brightness temperature band centred at 3.7 /spl mu/m. This band in particular has been extensively used for detecting active fires. The fire algorithms have two major steps: detection of potential fires followed by false fire elimination. The threshold tests developed for fire identification and false fire removal were optimised through a trial-and-error approach using a database of active fire pixels over the whole of North America. The database was generated from a large number of single-daytime and night-time AVHRR scenes, where the fire pixels were identified visually on the images aided by the associated daytime smoke plumes. The SWIR band was found to be sensitive only to large burning fires leading to a noticeable spike in the measured reflectance. However, a serious limitation with the SWIR band is that small burning fires are not easily detectable and quite a number of active fires go undetected. Night detection does not pose such a limitation and has allowed for significantly higher detection rates. Overall night detection provides reasonably good alternative for the reduced sensitivity of the SWIR band. The set of day and night algorithms was used to generate daily active fire maps across North America. Such a combined approach for fire detection leads to an improved detection rate. Selected validation sites in western Canada and the United States, showed reasonable correspondence with the location of fires mapped by the Canadian Forest Service and the USDA Forest Service using conventional means.
Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles (2015)

Chemiresistors are a class of sensitive electrical devices capable of detecting (bio)chemicals by simply monitoring electrical resistance. Sensing based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) represents a radically different approach, in which molecules are optically detected according to their vibrational spectroscopic fingerprint. Despite different concepts are involved, one can find in the literature examples from both categories reporting sensors made of gold nanoparticles. The same building blocks appear because both sensor classes share a common principle: nanometric interparticle gaps are needed, for electron tunneling in chemiresistors, and for enhancing electromagnetic fields by plasmon coupling in SERS-based sensors. By exploiting such nano-gaps in self-assembled films of gold nanoparticles, we demonstrate the proof of concept of a dual electrical/optical sensor, with both chemiresistive and SERS capabilities. The proposed device is realized by self-assembling 15 nm gold nanoparticles into few micrometers-wide strips across commercially available interdigitated electrodes. The dual-mode operation of the device is demonstrated by the detection of a biologically relevant model analyte, 4-mercaptophenyl boronic acid.
Long-term graft occlusion in aortobifemoral position (2013)

Long-term AFF bypass patency can be obtained by proximal end-to-end anastomosis on the juxtarenal part of aorta and distal anastomosis on the bifurcation of the common femoral, or on the deep femoral artery.
Engineering hybrid pseudomonads capable of utilizing a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons and of efficient degradation of trichloroethylene (1996)

We constructed hybrid Pseudomonas strains in which the bphA1 gene (coding for a large subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase) is replaced with the todC1 gene (coding for a large subunit of toluene dioxygenase of Pseudomonas putida Fl) within chromosomal biphenyl-catabolic bph gene clusters. Such hybrid strains gained the novel capability to grow on a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons, and, more interestingly, they degraded chloroethenes such as trichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene very efficiently.
Improved immobilization of DNA to graphite surfaces, using amino acid modified clays (2014)

Assessment of the interaction of small molecules with DNA, hybridization assays for DNA sequence analysis and diagnostics and the investigation of DNA damage involves the immobilization of an array of oligonucleotides onto a solid substrate. Herein, a new nano sized DNA-based biosensor containing valine (Val) amino acid organo-modified Cloisite Na<sup>+</sup> as a new bionanohybrid film for the immobilization of DNA was developed. The Cloisite-Val organoclay was synthesized by a cation-exchange method, which involves the displacement of the sodium cations of Cloisite Na<sup>+</sup> with the ammonium ions of the Val-amino acid. The synthesized materials were characterized with different methods such as FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, XRD and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The nanostructured film was deposited at the surface of a working graphite electrode and utilized for the surface modification with double-stranded DNA. It was found that the electrode modification with DNA and Cloisite-Val leads to an enhanced sensitivity in the DNA voltammetric detection compared with other modified electrodes that were used for this work. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was followed by means of EIS and voltammetry. Immobilization is much more rapid when using the Cloisite-Val modified graphite support than when employing conventional supports. The stability of the immobilized DNA over several days has been found to be much higher when using the new support than in preparations using conventional ones.
Evidence for another cell-adhesion molecule in Dictyostelium discoideum. (1982)

We raised a rabbit antiserum that completely blocked cell-cell adhesion of aggregating Dictyostelium discoideum cells in an in vitro assay. All adhesion-blocking activity of this antiserum was adsorbed with a D. discoideum fraction containing molecules having molecular weights as high as about 10(6), even after the material had been extensively digested with Pronase. The properties of this fraction indicate that the antigenic determinants in this macromolecule are saccharide residues. Antigen-rich material is found on vegetative cells but accumulates on or around differentiating D. discoideum cells as they aggregate. The cell surface of an aggregating cell contains about 5 X 10(5) antigenic sites. Antigen is also abundant in the medium of D. discoideum cells starved in suspension, which proved the most convenient starting material for its purification. Like several other macromolecules already discovered in D. discoideum by using this immunological approach, the material identified here may play a direct or indirect role in cell-cell adhesion and merits tentative consideration as a cell-adhesion molecule.
Design of low-error fixed-width multipliers for DSP applications (1999)

In this work, two designs of low-error fixed-width sign-magnitude parallel multipliers and two's-complement parallel multipliers for digital signal processing applications are presented. Given two n-bit inputs, the fixed-width multipliers generate n-bit (instead of 2 n-bit) products with low product error, but use only about half the area and less delay when compared with a standard parallel multiplier. In them, cost-effective carry-generating circuits are designed, respectively, to make the products generated more accurately and quickly. Applying the same approach, a low error reduced-width multiplier with output bit-width between n- and 2n has also been designed. Experimental results show that the proposed fixed-width and reduced-width multipliers have lower error than all other fixed-width multipliers and are still cost effective. Due to these properties, they are very suitable for use in many multimedia and digital signal processing applications such as digital filtering, arithmetic coding, wavelet transformation, echo cancellation, etc.
Rapid latex agglutination test for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A to E that uses high-density latex particles (1988)

A rapid reversed passive latex agglutination method that uses high-density latex particles for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A to E was developed. It took 3 h for incubation, much less than the 16 h needed with a customary latex agglutination test for SE detection such as a commercial test kit (SET-RPLA; Denka Seiken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The rapid test was shown to be highly specific and sensitive for SE detection (detection limit, about 0.5 ng of SE per ml), comparable to the SET-RPLA test. The rapid test was also efficient in SE detection in foods and culture supernatants of staphylococcal strains, similar to the SET-RPLA test. This showed that a rapid test with high-density latex particles is fully reliable for use.
Regulation of Ovarian Steroid Biosynthesis by Estrogen during Proestrus in the Rat<sup>*</sup> (1991)

Studies were performed to test the hypothesis that the rapid decline in estradiol (E2) levels on proestrus before ovulation was due to a reduction in androgen substrate for aromatase, and that this decline in androgen was regulated by an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism. Aromatase activity, concentrations of E2, androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P4) in follicular, corpora lutea, and ovarian homogenates as well as peripheral E2, A, P4, and LH were measured in cycling rats from 1400-2000 h on proestrus. These parameters were also recorded after the expected E2 surge in animals treated at 1900 h on diestrous day 2 with the antiestrogen keoxifene (20 mg/kg), with or without an ovulatory dose of PMSG at 1600 h on proestrus. In a second experiment, P-450-17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (P-450(17 alpha] activity was measured in a group of control rats at 1500, 1700, and 1900 h. Aromatase activity remained unchanged, even though serum and ovarian E2 levels were reduced from peak values at 1500 h to basal values at 1800 h (P less than 0.01). Peripheral A as well as ovarian androgens (specifically follicular but not luteal) A and T were also reduced over this time period (P less than 0.01). Although total ovarian P4 remained unchanged, follicular levels rose from 1400-2000 h (P less than 0.01). These reductions in androgens and E2 levels coincided with a marked reduction in follicular P-450(17 alpha) activity. Treatment with keoxifene with or without PMSG prevented the fall in peripheral E2 and A and the increase in peripheral P4 seen in controls. Ovarian and follicular E2, A, and to a lesser extent T were also remained at values similar to those during the E2 surge. Follicular P4 was reduced by both treatments. Neither treatment had any effect on aromatase. These results indicate that the fall in peripheral and ovarian E2 levels before ovulation was due to a decline in aromatizable androgen, through an inhibition of follicular P-450(17 alpha) enzyme activity, which appears to be mediated by an estrogen receptor-regulated mechanism.
Venerabilis presul Iohannes. Historical John of Ravenna and the beginning of church organization in Split in the 7th century (2005)

Oslanjajuci se primarno na zapise Tome Arhiđakona o prvom splitskom nadbiskupu Ivanu Ravenjaninu, autor nudi rekontekstualizaciju njegova djelovanja u svjetlu politickih i crkvenih prilika u jadranskom bazenu u VII. st. Donosi se pregled misljenja prijasnjih autora o problemu Ivana iz Ravenne ; upozorava se na neka epigrafska i diplomaticka djela te na ocuvane građevne spomenike koji – promotreni u cjelini – potkrepljuju datiranje obnove crkvenoga života u Splitu u sredinu VII. st. Ujedno se utvrđuje historicitet Ivana Ravenjanina kao obnovitelja tradicije salonitanske Crkve.