gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR BEER FOAM FORMATION AND CLING (1974)

The most complex types of nitrogen compound in beer (here termed “proteoses”) are, when not combined with polyphenols, highly surface active and hence concentrate in the foam. With unhopped beer, the foam is of the “liquid-viscous” type, which eventually drains and collapses leaving no residual solids. The iso-α-acids in hopped beers are also surface-active, so they too are concentrated in the foam. At the corresponding concentration in bulk solution the solubility limits of some isohumulates* are exceeded. Thus we believe that solids are similarly formed in the bubble films, so that these are reinforced and stiffened to give “cling”. One consequence of the increased concentration of iso-α-acids in the foam is that there can be precipitation of iron, nickel, cobalt and zinc isohumulates. This results in concentration of these metals in foam. The most significant finding is that the concentration of both proteoses and iso-α-acids in the foam exceeds the bulk solubility limits and results in the formation of proteose-isohumulate salts which make the main contribution to the solid reinforcement of bubble films. These findings make it possible to explain satisfactorily “lacing” or “cling” and also isohumulone losses (a) during boiling and trub separation, (b) during post-fermentation bittering, and (c) during any subsequent foam formation. An explanation is also provided why losses of bitterness and of head retention are linked. Consequently, linked recovery of both bitterness and head retention can occur, as has been found is some recent fermentation improvements, such as continuous fermentation.
Endothelialization mechanisms in vascular grafts (2018)

Despite the wide variety of tissue-engineered vascular grafts that are currently being developed, autologous vessels, such as the saphenous vein, are still the gold standard grafts for surgical treatment of vascular disease. Recently developed technologies have shown promising results in preclinical studies, but they still do not overcome the issues that native vessels present, and only a few have made the transition into clinical use. The endothelial lining is a key aspect for the success or failure of the grafts, especially on smaller diameter grafts (<5 mm). However, during the design and evaluation of the grafts, the mechanisms for the formation of this layer are not commonly examined. Therefore, a significant amount of established research might not be relevant to the clinical context, due to important differences that exist between the vascular regeneration mechanisms found in animal models and humans. This article reviews current knowledge about endothelialization mechanisms that have been so far identified: in vitro seeding, transanastomotic growth, transmural infiltration, and fallout endothelialization. Emphasis is placed on the models used for study of theses mechanisms and their effects on the development of tissue-engineering vascular conduits.
Aromatic-aliphatic azomethine ether polymers and fibers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic-aliphatic azomethine ether polymers and fibersPaul W. WojtkowskiCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 4, 740–748Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00170a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00170a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of Ascorbic Acid Oxidase in Zucchini Squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) (1991)

The expression of ascorbic acid oxidase was studied in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), one of the most abundant natural sources of the enzyme. In the developing fruit, specific activity of ascorbic acid oxidase was highest between 4 and 6 days after anthesis. Protein and mRNA levels followed the same trend as enzyme activity. Highest growth rate of the fruit occurred before 6 days after anthesis. Within a given fruit, ascorbic acid oxidase activity and mRNA level were highest in the epidermis, and lowest in the central placental region. In leaf tissue, ascorbic acid oxidase activity was higher in young leaves, and very low in old leaves. Within a given leaf, enzyme activity was highest in the fast-growing region (approximately the lower third of the blade), and lowest in the slow-growing region (near leaf apex). High expression of ascorbic acid oxidase at a stage when rapid growth is occurring (in both fruits and leaves), and localization of the enzyme in the fruit epidermis, where cells are under greatest tension during rapid growth in girth, suggest that ascorbic acid oxidase might be involved in reorganization of the cell wall to allow for expansion. Based on the known chemistry of dehydroascorbic acid, the end product of the ascorbic acid oxidase-catalyzed reaction, we have proposed several hypotheses to explain how dehydroascorbic acid might cause cell wall "loosening."
The structure of acetyldihydrolipoic acid (1981)

Correspondence| March 01 1981 The structure of acetyldihydrolipoic acid Geoffrey Hale; Geoffrey Hale 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Henry B. F. Dixon Henry B. F. Dixon 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1981) 193 (3): 1034–1035. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1931034 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Geoffrey Hale, Henry B. F. Dixon; The structure of acetyldihydrolipoic acid. Biochem J 1 March 1981; 193 (3): 1034–1035. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1931034 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1981 London: The Biochemical Society1981 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the giant panda (2006)

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive method of evaluating the gross appearance of the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts (Guilford, 1996). Efficient methods of performing endoscopic evaluation of these systems have been developed in small and large animal medicine (Jones, 1997). Besides providing direct visualisation, endoscopy permits obtaining representative biopsy specimens for subsequent histopathological tissue assessments. Video endoscopy allows recorded observations (for retrospective evaluation) as well as group participation by investigators and students, thereby improving both diagnostics and training opportunities.
Hollow Out-of-Plane Polymer Microneedles Made by Solvent Casting for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2011)

Although hollow microneedles have been proposed as an effective and convenient method for transdermal drug delivery, their expensive fabrication techniques to date have prevented their mass fabrication as a viable option. A novel method, based on solvent casting, is presented for inexpensive fabrication of hollow out-of-plane polymer microneedles. Microneedles are formed during a solvent evaporation process, which leaves a polymer layer around pillars in a prefabricated mold. The mold is fabricated using photolithography and can be used for consecutive solvent casting of microneedles. Arrays of microneedles with lengths up to 250 μm have been fabricated from clay-reinforced polyimide. Several mechanical tests were performed on solvent cast solid structures to find the optimum clay percentage in the polyimide that would lead to the highest compressive strength. The fabricated needles were tested for robustness, and it was observed that the needles were capable of withstanding on average compressive loads of up to 0.32 N. The suitability of the microneedles for skin penetration and drug delivery was demonstrated by injection of fluorescent beads into a skin sample.
Oncolytic Virotherapy using Replication-Competent Herpes Simplex Viruses (2007)

Oncolytic virotherapy using replication-competent viruses has attracted us as a new modality for cancer treatment. The fundamental concept of oncolytic virotherapy is that the viruses selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells. Since 1997, numbers of clinical trials have been done in over 500 cancer patients. However, the results of those trials have been disappointing in most cases. We have isolated a spontaneously occurring herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant, designated HF10, which efficiently replicates and induces cell fusion in most transformed cells, but is highly attenuated in mice. HF10 has a number of deletions and insertions in the genome, resulting in the lack of the functional expression of UL43, UL49.5, UL55, UL56 and latency-associated transcripts. We have found that HF10 can be used as an oncolytic virus for treatment of malignant tumors in various animal models. Clinical trials have shown that intratumoral injection of HF10 can induce extensive tumor cell death in patients with recurrent breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma without significant adverse effects. HF10 is a promising agent for use in oncolytic virotherapy in non-central nervous system malignancies.
Reactive power compensation for wind power plants (2009)

This technical paper provides the basic guidelines for the application of reactive compensation systems to be used as part of a wind power plant. A brief history of wind plant reactive compensation system is discussed, then the fundamental needs of why reactive compensation is required. The paper will then provide some alternatives for reactive compensation, how to size the reactive compensation, and finally some of the principles on how different compensation devices work.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrastructure Synthesis and Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Photonic Materials (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new SNR's estimator for QPSK Modulations in an AWGN channel (2005)

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement is required in many receivers and systems of communications. In this brief, we derive a new SNR's estimator based on the second and fourth-order moments of the complex signals of quadrature phase-shift keying modulations. The mean square error of the estimated SNR by the proposed algorithm is smaller than that by other methods for a low SNR with limited samples.
Ultrasonic evaluation of lymphocele formation after staging lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma. (1981)

A total of eight lymphoceles developed in six of 22 (27%) prospectively studied patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma. Ultrasonic characteristics in these eight and in 14 retrospectively studied lymphoceles were evaluated. A location lateral to the urinary bladder was characteristic. The anterior surface of the fluid collections was usually within 3 cm of the anterior abdominal wall. No new lymphoceles developed after the first postoperative month; only one developed after the first 10 postoperative days. Small (cross-sectional area less than 30 cm2), echofree lymphoceles were most likely to result in long-term spontaneous resolution. Large (cross-sectional area greater than 30 cm2) or complex lymphoceles often resulted in complications ultimately requiring surgical intervention.
Contact electrification of polymers: A quantitative model (1978)

An explicit model of contact-charge exchange in polymers is proposed in which the steady-state exchanged charge resides in intrinsic molecular-ion states. The eigenvalue spectra of these states are inferred from metal/polymer contact-charge measurements using a theoretical formalism constructed for this purpose. This model of metal/polymer contact-charge exchange is extended to encompass the description of polymer/polymer contact-charge exchange as well. Utilizing the metal/polymer contact-charge-exchange spectra as input data, the model predicts correctly both the sign and order of magnitude of measured contact-charge exchange between polystyrene and copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate.
Deep Meta Metric Learning (2019)

In this paper, we present a deep meta metric learning (DMML) approach for visual recognition. Unlike most existing deep metric learning methods formulating the learning process by an overall objective, our DMML formulates the metric learning in a meta way, and proves that softmax and triplet loss are consistent in the meta space. Specifically, we sample some subsets from the original training set and learn metrics across different subsets. In each sampled sub-task, we split the training data into a support set as well as a query set, and learn the set-based distance, instead of sample-based one, to verify the query cell from multiple support cells. In addition, we introduce hard sample mining for set-based distance to encourage the intra-class compactness. Experimental results on three visual recognition applications including person re-identification, vehicle re-identification and face verification show that the proposed DMML method outperforms most existing approaches.
Geometric phase analysis of high-resolution electron microscopy images of antiphase domains: Example Cu<sub>3</sub>Au (1997)

Abstract A new method for analysing antiphase domains using high-resolution electron micrographs is described. A high-resolution electron microscope image taken at a zone axis is treated as the sum of many sets of interference fringes. The analysis extracts the information concerning the variations in the image periodicities as a function of position. In particular, the amplitude and phase variations of these fringes are analysed separately. The amplitude images reveal the antiphase boundaries in a similar way to a conventional dark-field experiment whilst the phase produces images of the translation domains and defines the associated translation vectors. The phase variations can also be related to the strain field associated with the corresponding lattice planes. Experimental images of antiphase boundaries in Cu3Au taken at [001] are used to demonstrate the technique. Antiphase boundaries perpendicular and parallel to the electron beam are characterized. The phase images are used to characterize disordered regions where the domains were too small to be analysed by a dark-field method. A quantitative criterion is proposed for distinguishing between a structural model based on homogeneous short-range order and a model based on microdomains. For the experimental case studied, it is shown that the image contrast cannot be explained purely in terms of homogeneous short-range order and that a microdomain-type model is more appropriate.
Aperiodic Fourier modal method in contrast-field formulation for simulation of scattering from finite structures (2010)

This paper extends the area of application of the Fourier modal method (FMM) from periodic structures to aperiodic ones, in particular for plane-wave illumination at arbitrary angles. This is achieved by placing perfectly matched layers at the lateral sides of the computational domain and reformulating the governing equations in terms of a contrast field that does not contain the incoming field. As a result of the reformulation, the homogeneous system of second-order ordinary differential equations from the original FMM becomes non-homogeneous. Its solution is derived analytically and used in the established FMM framework. The technique is demonstrated on a simple problem of planar scattering of TE-polarized light by a single rectangular line.
DNA-damage response pathways triggered by viral replication (2006)

Many viruses, with distinct replication strategies, activate DNA-damage response pathways, including the lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the DNA viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1, adenovirus and SV40. DNA-damage response pathways involving DNA-dependent protein kinase, ataxia-telengiectasia mutated (ATM) and 'ataxia-telengiectasia and Rad3-related' (ATR) have all been implicated. This review focuses on the effects of HIV and EBV replication on DNA repair pathways. It has been suggested that activation of cellular DNA repair and recombination enzymes is beneficial for viral replication, as illustrated by the ability of suppressors of the ATM and ATR family to inhibit HIV replication. However, activation of DNA-damage response pathways can also promote apoptosis. Viruses can tailor the cellular response by suppressing downstream signalling from DNA-damage sensors, as exemplified by EBV. New small-molecule inhibitors of the DNA-damage response pathways could therefore be of value to treat viral infections.
Duration of the antihypertensive action of atenolol, enalapril and placebo: a randomized within-patient study using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. (1988)

Atenolol (A) and enalapril (E), two agents widely used as first-line monotherapy in arterial hypertension, have never been compared in their potency and duration of action by using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Twelve out-patients (mean age 48.6 years - SD 7) with mild-to-moderate hypertension and supine diastolic blood pressure (Hawksley Random Zero Manometer) greater than 100 mmHg at the end of a 3-week placebo wash-out received, in double-blind and random order, A 100 mg daily, E 20 mg daily and placebo for 4 weeks each, according to a 3 x 3 latin square design. A 24-hour non-invasive ABPM (Spacelabs ICR 5200) was performed at the end of each of the 3 periods. In respect to placebo, both A and E produced a 24-h antihypertensive effect. The frequency of diastolic blood pressure values above 90 mmHg was 50.0% after placebo, 24.5% after A and 28.9% after E (a 51% reduction after A and a 42.3% reduction after E in respect to placebo - both p less than .05). Systolic blood pressure profiles differed less than 5 mmHg between placebo and A, as well as between placebo and E, between 9:30 and 10:30. Diastolic blood pressure profiles differed less than 5 mmHg between placebo and A over 2 h (between 2:30 and 3:30, and between 10:30 and 11:30), and between placebo and E over 2 other h (between 9:30 and 10:30, and between 11:30 and 12:30). None of the routine hematochemical parameters differed between placebo, A and E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cytostatic Activity of Coumarins<i>in vitro</i> (1987)

The effects of coumarin fractions obtained from angelica fruits (Archangelica officinalis Hoffm.) und parsnip fruits [Pastinaca sativa L. (Apiaceae)] on the growth of cancer cells HeLa-S 3 cultured in the dark were studied. It was concluded that coumarin fractions in the concentration above 5 µg/ml inhibited the growth of culture. The angelica coumarin fraction had a stronger effect on the growth cells than the parsnip coumarin fraction. Ten various coumarins, from which eight were isolated from fractions, showed the effect on the growth and colony forming ability of HeLa cells. The proliferation inhibition of HeLa cells by these coumarins is as follows: osthol > xanthotoxol > 4-methylaesculetin > isopimpinellin > bergapten > xanthotoxin > imperatorin > coumarin > umbelliferone > 4-hydroxycoumarin.
Prediction of novel synthetic pathways for the production of desired chemicals (2010)

It is expected that the system framework developed in this study would be useful for the in silico design of novel metabolic pathways to be employed for the efficient production of chemicals, fuels and materials.
Chemistry and Applications of Polysaccharide Solutions in Strong Electrolytes/Dipolar Aprotic Solvents: An Overview (2013)

Biopolymers and their derivatives are being actively investigated as substitutes for petroleum-based polymers. This has generated an intense interest in investigating new solvents, in particular for cellulose, chitin/chitosan, and starch. This overview focuses on recent advances in the dissolution and derivatization of these polysaccharides in solutions of strong electrolytes in dipolar aprotic solvents. A brief description of the molecular structures of these biopolymers is given, with emphases on the properties that are relevant to derivatization, namely crystallinity and accessibility. The mechanism of cellulose dissolution is then discussed, followed by a description of the strategies employed for the synthesis of cellulose derivatives (carboxylic acid esters, and ethers) under homogeneous reaction conditions. The same sequence of presentation has been followed for chitin/chitosan and starch. Future perspectives for this subject are summarized, in particular with regard to compliance with the principles of green chemistry.
Scalable algorithms for association mining (2000)

Association rule discovery has emerged as an important problem in knowledge discovery and data mining. The association mining task consists of identifying the frequent itemsets, and then forming conditional implication rules among them. We present efficient algorithms for the discovery of frequent itemsets which forms the compute intensive phase of the task. The algorithms utilize the structural properties of frequent itemsets to facilitate fast discovery. The items are organized into a subset lattice search space, which is decomposed into small independent chunks or sublattices, which can be solved in memory. Efficient lattice traversal techniques are presented which quickly identify all the long frequent itemsets and their subsets if required. We also present the effect of using different database layout schemes combined with the proposed decomposition and traversal techniques. We experimentally compare the new algorithms against the previous approaches, obtaining improvements of more than an order of magnitude for our test databases.