gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties, band gap, and surface roughness of Si3N4 (1977)

The optical constants, surface roughnesses, and band gap Eg of amorphous Si3N4 films on quartz substrate are determined from optical measurements. The results of the Si3N4 samples with different preparation are compared and discussed. Absorption tails at the band edges indicate localized states in the forbidden gap. A model for continuous and symmetric state density is presented, and the localized volume V0 and the total concentration of the states NT are estimated. Es werden optische Konstanten, Oberflächenrauhigkeiten und der Bandabstand Eg amorpher Si3N4-Schichten auf Quarzsubstrat aus optischen Messungen bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse von Si3N4-Proben unterschiedlicher Präparation werden gegenübergestellt und diskutiert. Verschmierungen der optischen Bandkanten weisen auf lokalisierte Zustände in der verbotenen Zone hin. Ein Modell für kontinuierliche und symmetrische Zustandsdichten wird vorgestellt, und das Lokalisations-volumen V0 und die totale Konzentration der Zustände NT werden abgeschätzt.
Grassmannian predictive coding for delayed limited feedback MIMO systems (2009)

Limited feedback in multiple antenna wireless systems is a practical technique to obtain channel state information at the transmitter. When the channel is time-varying with memory, however, selected codeword may become outdated before its use at the transmitter. To overcome this problem, we propose a Grassmannian prediction and predictive coding framework for delayed feedback systems by exploiting the memory in the channel. A prediction step size optimization criterion for correlated time-series evolving on the Grassmann manifold is derived. The proposed predictive coding framework uses optimized prediction to account for the feedback delay. Application to delayed limited feedback multiuser multiple antenna system shows sum rate improvement and robustness to delay.
A simple formula for the estimation of the capacitance of two-dimensional interconnects in VLSI circuits (1982)

A simple formula for the estimation of the capacitance of a single interconnection line in VLSI circuits is presented. It is shown that the approximation agrees favorably with the results obtained from much more costly two-dimensional simulations. The approximation is also simpler and more accurate than other approximations that have been proposed.
BRUNO: A Deep Recurrent Model for Exchangeable Data (2018)

We present a novel model architecture which leverages deep learning tools to perform exact Bayesian inference on sets of high dimensional, complex observations. Our model is provably exchangeable, meaning that the joint distribution over observations is invariant under permutation: this property lies at the heart of Bayesian inference. The model does not require variational approximations to train, and new samples can be generated conditional on previous samples, with cost linear in the size of the conditioning set. The advantages of our architecture are demonstrated on learning tasks that require generalisation from short observed sequences while modelling sequence variability, such as conditional image generation, few-shot learning, and anomaly detection.
Greater Availability of Brain Dopamine Transporters in Major Depression Shown by (2003)

Objective: Studies of laboratory animals have shown that administration of antidepressants of all pharmacological classes produces changes in dopamine transporter binding affinity. These observations suggest that dopamine transporter function may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study was an examination of the availability of brain dopamine transporter sites in patients with major depression and in healthy comparison subjects. Method: Single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) brain scans were acquired for 15 drug-free depressed patients and 46 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects by using [99mTc]TRODAT-1, a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent. Specific regions of interest in the basal ganglia and supratentorial areas of the brain were examined. Specific uptake values of dopamine transporter [ 99m Tc]TRODAT-1 binding affinity were calculated from the SPECT scan data, and the values for the patients and healthy subjects were compared. Results: The specific uptake values of [ 99m Tc]TRODAT-1 binding were significantly higher in the right anterior putamen (23%), right posterior putamen (36%), left posterior putamen (18%), and left caudate nucleus (12%) of the patients than in the comparison subjects. These differences persisted when the data were further analyzed according to gender and age. Conclusions: Dopamine transporter affinity may be higher than normal in the basal ganglia of depressed patients. These findings suggest that dopamine function may be altered in depression and may also be a mechanism of antidepressant activity.
Thermal instability of low voltage power-MOSFETs (2003)

Anomalous failures which occurred inside the theoretical forward biased safe operating area of the latest generation low voltage power MOS devices are reported and analyzed. The paper outlines how some technology improvements, while increasing the current capability, can induce thermal instability phenomena at low drain currents. It is demonstrated that the thermal instability is a side effect of the progressive scaling down. In the latest devices in fact, due to the high current capability, the rated current is obtained with a gate voltage very close to the threshold voltage. This affects the thermal stability of modern low voltage power MOS devices that, although more efficient and compact, are less robust-leading to more effective circuit design techniques.
[Enteric mediastinal cysts in children (author's transl)]. (1980)

Primary mediastinal tumors are rare, especially in children, one fifth of them being cystic. Clinical and radiographic findings in 7 patients with mediastinal cysts are reported. Emphasis is placed upon the role of the radiologist to properly place the lesion into one of the three compartments of the mediastinum, which should even be possible for a mass in the upper mediastinum--above the line of capeabody. If a mass is established as belonging to the middle mediastinum, then there the probability is high of it being cystic and benign; and aggressive extensive radiographic workup can be spared preoperatively without significant risk to the patient.
Chemokine Expression Patterns Differ within Anatomically Distinct Regions of the Genital Tract during<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection (2002)

Untreated infections with Chlamydia trachomatis commonly result in ascending infection to fallopian tubes and subsequent immune-mediated tubal pathology in females. The proposed immune-mediated injury may be associated with the increased recruitment of CD4 cells to the upper genital tract (GT) (oviducts) in comparison to the lower GT (cervix) during infection, as shown in animal models. To understand the mechanisms responsible for this biased recruitment of CD4 cells within the GT, we characterized chemokine expression patterns in the upper and lower GTs in mice during infection with the murine pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of supernatants from GT homogenates revealed that the levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9 (monokine induced by gamma interferon), CXCL10 (interferon-inducible protein 10), and CCL5 (RANTES) were significantly higher in the upper GT than in the lower GT after infection, while the CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha) level was not increased. In contrast, the level of chemokine CCL11 (eotaxin) was significantly elevated in the lower GT later in the course of infection. Increased levels of mRNA confirmed the selective differences in chemokine expression within the upper and lower GTs. The increased levels of Th1-inducible chemokines in the upper GT were not due to differences in the magnitude of infection or progesterone pretreatment. These data demonstrate that the upper and lower regions of the GT respond differently to Chlamydia infection.
Distinct mechanisms of microRNA sorting into cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicle subtypes (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a variety of vesicles secreted into the extracellular space. EVs have been implicated in promoting tumor metastasis, but the molecular composition of tumor-derived EV sub-types and the mechanisms by which molecules are sorted into EVs remain mostly unknown. We report the separation of two small EV sub-populations from a metastatic breast cancer cell line, with biochemical features consistent with different sub-cellular origins. These EV sub-types use different mechanisms of miRNA sorting (selective and non-selective), suggesting that sorting occurs via fundamentally distinct processes, possibly dependent on EV origin. Using biochemical and genetic tools, we identified the Lupus La protein as mediating sorting of selectively packaged miRNAs. We found that two motifs embedded in miR-122 are responsible for high-affinity binding to Lupus La and sorting into vesicles formed in a cell-free reaction. Thus, tumor cells can simultaneously deploy multiple EV species using distinct sorting mechanisms that may enable diverse functions in normal and cancer biology.
mRNA stability is regulated by a coding‐region element and the unique 5′ untranslated leader sequences of the three <i>Synechococcus psbA</i> transcripts (1997)

The psbAI and psbAIII transcripts in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 are subject to accelerated turnover when cells are exposed to high light intensities, but psbAII message stability is unaffected. We used a psbAI 'minigene' which has a part of the coding sequence removed as a reporter gene in order to identify the cis-acting elements of the transcript that determine stability. While engineering the minigene to optimally mimic the native gene, we identified a stabilizer element within the open reading frame, corresponding to the coding region for the first membrane span of the D1 protein, the presence of and translation through which was essential for normal psbA mRNA stability. We propose that this stabilizer is a site for ribosome pausing, and that accumulation of ribosomes on the transcript upstream of the pause site increases stability. To identify the elements that regulate the differential responses of the psbA transcripts to high-light growth, sequences from psbAII and psbAIII were substituted in the psbAI minigene reporter. The chimeric reporter transcripts established that the psbAI and psbAIII untranslated leaders determine the faster turnover of these messages. The untranslated leader regions of the psbA transcripts may regulate mRNA stability by modulating translation and thereby stability, or by recruiting RNA-binding proteins that affect mRNA turnover more directly.
Targeting RAS Membrane Association: Back to the Future for Anti-RAS Drug Discovery? (2020)

RAS proteins require membrane association for their biological activity, making this association a logical target for anti-RAS therapeutics. Lipid modification of RAS proteins by a farnesyl isoprenoid is an obligate step in that association, and is an enzymatic process. Accordingly, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) were developed as potential anti-RAS drugs. The lack of efficacy of FTIs as anti-cancer drugs was widely seen as indicating that blocking RAS membrane association was a flawed approach to cancer treatment. However, a deeper understanding of RAS modification and trafficking has revealed that this was an erroneous conclusion. In the presence of FTIs, KRAS and NRAS, which are the RAS isoforms most frequently mutated in cancer, become substrates for alternative modification, can still associate with membranes, and can still function. Thus, FTIs failed not because blocking RAS membrane association is an ineffective approach, but because FTIs failed to accomplish that task. Recent findings regarding RAS isoform trafficking and the regulation of RAS subcellular localization have rekindled interest in efforts to target these processes. In particular, improved understanding of the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle that regulates RAS interaction with the plasma membrane, endomembranes and cytosol, and of the potential importance of RAS chaperones, have led to new approaches. Efforts to validate and target other enzymatically regulated post-translational modifications are also ongoing. In this review, we revisit lessons learned, describe the current state of the art, and highlight challenging but promising directions to achieve the goal of disrupting RAS membrane association and subcellular localization for anti-RAS drug development.
Efficiency of a Lactobacillus plantarum-xylanase combination on growth performances, microflora populations, and nutrient digestibilities of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium (2009)

Three experiments were performed to assess the ability of a Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic combined with a xylanase to reduce the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in broiler chickens from 1 to 30 or 42 d of age. Chicks were challenged at 3 d of age with 10(8) or 10(5) cfu Salmonella Typhimurium/chick. Four diets were studied: a wheat-based diet (C+) supplemented with 0.1 g/kg of xylanase (E) or 10(6) cfu/g of L. plantarum (P), or both (PE). Uninfected chicks fed the C diet were used as negative control (C-). Six or 8 chicks were housed per cage with 9 cages/treatment. Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. In experiment 1, bacterial enumeration in ceca was achieved using the fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Salmonella enumeration was realized in excreta by microbiological cultures (experiments 2 and 3). Nutrient digestibilities and AME(n) were determined in experiment 3 from d 35 to 39. Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium led to a significant decrease in the daily weight gain (DWG) by 23.6 to 32.8%, whereas FCR was increased by 1.0 to 19.7%. Chickens fed the PE diet showed significantly improved performance in comparison with C+ birds (DWG: +12.5% in experiment 1; FCR: -2.1 to 8.6%), and in comparison with the P and E treatments (DWG: +6.3 to 8.3% in experiment 1; FCR: -2.7 to 6.4%). In experiment 3, the FCR was significantly improved by 3% with the PE diet in comparison with C- chickens. The PE combination tended to restore a microflora similar to that of uninfected broilers, whereas the P and E diets had less of an effect on the profile of bacterial communities. At slaughter age, Salmonella contamination was reduced by 2.00 and 1.85 log colony-forming units for the E and PE treatment, respectively. The PE diet significantly reduced the crude fat digestibility by 9.2%, in comparison with the C+ chickens. These results suggest that the combination between L. plantarum and a xylanase as feed additive could be effective for reduction of the detrimental effect after Salmonella Typhimurium infection of broilers.
Studies on Organo Sulfur Compounds. II. The Reaction of sec- and tert-α-Acetylenic Alcohols and Carbon Disulfide (1968)

The reaction of sodium alcoholates of sec- or tert- α-acetylenic alcohole having no ethynyl group with carbon disulfide in an aprotic solvent gave 4-alkylidene-1, 3-oxathiolane-2-thiones, but from alcohols having ethynyl group 4-methylidene-1, 3-dithiolane-2-thiones, or their rearranged isomers were mainly isolated, and in the case of 1-hexyn-3-ol (VI) or 1-ethynylcyclohexano 1 (XV) 4-methylidene-1, 3-oxathiolane-2-ones were also isolated.
An interesting case of possible abscopal effect in malignant melanoma (1975)

The natural history of malignant melanoma is notoriously unpredictable. Although long-term survival is not uncommon (Cade, 1961), lymph node involvement lowers the five-year survival rate to about 5 per cent (Ackerman and Del Regato, 1970). It is generally accepted that radiation has no place in the treatment of metastases (Edwards, 1949; Kunkler and Rains, 1959) despite occasional reports of temporary tumour regression (Ellis, 1939; Sandeman, 1966). In these cases the response to irradiation occurred in the treated area and simultaneous regression of distant untreated metastases has never been reported. Such behaviour has been given the term “abscopal effect”. It occurs not uncommonly in leukaemia but is extremely rare in other tumours and the case reported below is therefore of interest.
Microdischarge arrays: a new family of photonic devices (2002)

The optical and electrical characteristics of microdischarge devices and arrays fabricated in semiconductors and metal/polymer structures are described. Devices as small as (10 /spl mu/m)/sup 2/ in emitting area (nanoliters in volume) and arrays as large as 30 /spl times/ 30 have been demonstrated and operated at gas pressures up to and exceeding one atmosphere. This new generation of microoptical sources is capable of producing photons from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet and beyond and is well suited for integration with microoptoelectronic, fluidic, and mechanical systems.
HXCS and its application to financial time series forecasting (2006)

Many techniques have been used to predict financial time series data in order to make profitable transaction decisions. Conventional time series are usually identified as a global model. However, in the financial world, time series fluctuates rapidly in time, and so are difficult to be recognized by a single model. Therefore here, we propose a Hierarchical eXtended Classifier System (XCS) model, which is composed of multiple local models. Each local model represents an individual agent. In the lower levels of the hierarchy, agents are trained by the XCS method to learn and forecast. These agents are only appropriate for some of the changing patterns in the time series data, and they fail to describe other changing patterns. For the upper levels of the hierarchy, Reinforcement Learning (RL) is used to determine how to shift among those local models for a changing trend. With the hierarchical learning structure, multiple agents work alternatively and the limitation of a single agent can be overcome. To evaluate the prediction performance, we mainly adopt the prediction accuracy of changing tendency of the next time (up or down), which is measured by the changing direction hit-rate. Experiments have been performed on several well-known stock indexes and stock markets. The results show that the proposed method achieves good performance. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement Of The Emissivity Of Small Particles At Elevated Temperatures (1988)

A technique for measuring the emissivity of single, nominally 50-µm-sized tungsten particles at elevated temperatures is demonstrated. Single particles are electrodynamically suspended in the cavity of a cw Nd:YAG laser and subsequently heated by the laser beam. The light emitted by the heated particles is focused onto the slit of a spectrometer. The detector used is an intensified gatable diode array that allows for the collection of time-resolved spectral data. Spectral radiance is deduced by calibrating the system against a standard lamp. Assuming that the relationship between emissivity and wavelength is a smooth function, the particle temperature and emissivity are determined by a curve-fitting procedure involving Planck's spectral radiation law. Experimental demonstration and error estimates of the technique are presented.
Voltage Asymmetry of Spin-Transfer Torques (2011)

Experimentally, it is seen that the free magnetic layer of a spin torque transfer (STT) device experiences a larger in-plane torque when a negative (rather than positive) voltage is applied to the fixed layer. This is surprising because magnets do not have any intrinsic asymmetry. In this paper, we 1) provide a simple physical explanation, based on the polarization of fixed layer in the energy range of transport; 2) extend it to explain the asymmetric bias dependence of out-of-plane torque as observed in some of the experiments; and 3) propose an asymmetric STT structure that can lead to a significant difference in the in-plane torques exerted on two contacts, even if they are identical. This effect 3 has not been observed to our knowledge and if demonstrated can find important applications.
THE CHARACTER OF SILVER DEPOSITS FROM VARIOUS ELECTROLYTES. (1910)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CHARACTER OF SILVER DEPOSITS FROM VARIOUS ELECTROLYTES.Josiah Simpson Hughes and James R. WithrowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1910, 32, 12, 1571–1576Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1910Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1910https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01930a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01930a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose sensing via polyanion formation and induced pyrene excimer emission (2009)

Glucose binding to boronic acid functional groups attached to a synthetic polymer in an aqueous solution effectively turns the polymer into a polyanion, which induces the aggregation of the positively charged trimethylpentylammonium pyrene derivative, leading to a strong excimer emission and the development of a ratiometric fluorescence glucose probe.
In Vivo Expression of Neurotrophins and Neurotrophin Receptors Is Conserved in Adult Porcine Retina In Vitro (2003)

These findings demonstrate that the expression of NTs and their receptors within adult porcine RGCs is maintained in vitro, under conditions of limited interaction with neighboring neurons and deprived of afferent inputs and target tissue. TrkA may be involved in regeneration of nerve terminals.
The future of anti-aircraft imaging infrared seeker missile threats (1999)

The Imaging Threat Investigations (ITIV) program goals are to: 1. Perform a thorough literature survey of state-of-the-art (SOA) technologies associated with imaging infrared (IR) seeker missiles and, based on past growth and time-to-implement estimates, predict imaging IR seeker missile configurations for 20 years in the future 2. Construct a computer model in the Khoros software environment of an end-to-end imaging IR seeker that can be used to evaluate future seeker performance. This paper reports preliminary conclusions of the research associated with Item 1 above and presents imaging IR seeker designs that are anticipated within the next 20 years. The program is being sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Electro-Optics Warfare Branch (AFRL/SNJW) and is being performed by the Signature Technology Laboratory of the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI/STL).