gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly scalable combinatorial mixing of samples with target-specific primers for rapid pathogen detection on a centrifugal platform (2016)

In application areas such as crop genotyping, plant diagnostics, pharmaceuticals and forensics, screening a large number of M samples for specific responses to a library of N active agents in a time- and cost-efficient manner is of critical importance. Parameters of interest include response of cells to a specific drug compound, identification of specific genes or plant pathogens in crops using DNA markers and DNA traceability for food safety. The cost of reagents as well as the liquid handling ro-botics required to perform the enormous number of pipetting steps severely hamper the proliferation of such key technologies into smaller laboratories.
THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF dl-AJMALICINE (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF dl-AJMALICINEE. E. van Tamelen and C. PlacewayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 11, 2594–2595Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01472a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01472a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A trans-dimensional approach to the behavioral aspects of depression (2009)

Depression, a complex mood disorder, displays high comorbidity with anxiety and cognitive disorders. To establish the extent of inter-dependence between these behavioral domains, we here undertook a systematic analysis to establish interactions between mood [assessed with the forced-swimming (FST) and sucrose consumption tests (SCT)], anxiety [elevated-plus maze (EPM) and novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) tests] and cognition (spatial memory and behavioral flexibility tests) in rats exposed to unpredictable chronic-mild-stress (uCMS). Expectedly, uCMS induced depressive-like behavior, a hyperanxious phenotype and cognitive impairment; with the exception of the measure of anxiety in the EPM, these effects were attenuated by antidepressants (imipramine, fluoxetine). Measures of mood by the FST and SCT were strongly correlated, whereas no significant correlations were found between the different measures of anxiety (EPM and NSF); likewise, measures of cognition by spatial memory and behavioral flexibility tests were poorly correlated. Inter-domain analysis revealed significant correlations between mood (FST and SCT) and anxiety-like behavior (NSF, but not EPM). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between cognitive performance (reverse learning task) and mood (FST and SCT) and anxiety-like behavior (NSF). These results demonstrate interactions between different behavioral domains that crosscut the disciplines of psychiatry and neurology.
Professional ASP XML (2000)

From the Publisher:
Using the latest version of ASP, the most recent XML-enabled applications, and W3C recommendations, you will be shown how to synthesize your ASP applications with the power of XML. The aim is for you to expand your knowledge of XML, in conjunction with ASP, to a level where you can harness effectively the full capability and versatility that this evolving technology offers to integrated Internet systems.
Straightforward synthesis of new tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (2000)

To identify novel classes of glycine antagonists, compounds potentially useful as neuroprotective after stroke, novel substituted tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, satisfying the key pharmacophoric requirements for glycine antagonists, were designed. To explore the SAR of these compounds an efficient synthetic route was set up exploiting the outstanding reactivity of suitable N-aryl imine derivatives. In particular an allylmetalation reaction or the addition of bis(trimethyldisilyl)ketene acetals allowed the preparation of versatile intermediates which were smoothly transformed into the desired bicycle tetrahydroquinoline derivatives by a Heck-type cyclization reaction.Key words: glycine antagonists, neuroprotection, tetrahydroquinolines, synthesis, allylmetalation.
Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide (2002)

Computing has had a dramatic impact on the discipline of linguistics and is shaping the way we conceptualize both linguistics and language. Using Computers in Linguistics provides a non-technical introduction to recent developments in linguistic computing and offers specific guidance to the linguist or language professional who wishes to take advantage of them. Divided into eight chapters, each of the expert contributors focus on a different aspect of the interaction of computing and linguistics looking either at computational resources: the Internet, software for fieldwork and teaching linguistics, Unix utilities, or at computational developments: the availability of electronic texts, new methodologies in natural language processing, the development of the CELLAR computing environment for linguistic analysis.
An optimizing system for troubleshooting (2003)

An expert system is described that was developed to use rules and facts as well as its own experience to reduce the troubleshooting costs in producing avionic systems. An expert system is defined as a system that is programmed to perform new tasks by specifying the elements of the problem rather than the steps of the solution. The expert system described, called the adaptive diagnostic system, uses failure models, symptom patterns, and relevant costs as its problem statement. The solution it produces is the minimum-cost sequence of tests and replacements required to repair the unit. The system and the reasoning it uses are described, along with some practical considerations involved in developing its knowledge base and using it in a factory environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concave Urinary Crystallines: Direct Evidence of Calcium Oxalate Crystals Dissolution by Citrate<i>In Vivo</i> (2013)

The changes in urinary crystal properties in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi after oral administration of potassium citrate (K3cit) were investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), and zeta potential analyzer. The AFM and SEM results showed that the surface of urinary crystals became concave, the edges and corners of crystals became blunt, the average size of urinary crystallines decreased significantly, and aggregation of urinary crystals was reduced. These changes were attributed to the significant increase in concentration of excreted citrate to 492 ± 118 mg/L after K3cit intake from 289 ± 83 mg/L before K3cit intake. After the amount of urinary citrate was increased, it complexed with Ca(2+) ions on urinary crystals, which dissolved these crystals. Thus, the appearance of concave urinary crystals was a direct evidence of CaOx dissolution by citrate in vivo. The XRD results showed that the quantities and species of urinary crystals decreased after K3cit intake. The mechanism of inhibition of formation of CaOx stones by K3cit was possibly due to the complexation of Ca(2+) with citrate, increase in urine pH, concentration of urinary inhibitor glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and the absolute value of zeta potential after K3cit intake.
Scalability Management in Sensor-Network PhenomenaBases (2006)

A phenomenon appears in a sensor network when a group of sensors persist to generate similar behavior over a period of time. PhenomenaBases (or databases of phenomena) are equipped with phenomena detection and tracking (PDT) techniques that continuously run in the background of a sensor database system to detect new phenomena and to track already existing phenomena. The process of phenomena detection and tracking is initiated by a multi-way join operator that comes at the core of PDT techniques to report similar sensor readings. With the increase in the sensor network size, the join operator (and, consequently, query processing in the PhenomenaBase) face several scalability challenges. In this paper, we present a join operator for PhenomenaBases (the SNJoin operator) that is specially-designed for dynamically-configured large-scale sensor networks with distributed processing capabilities. Experimental studies illustrate the scalability of the proposed join operator in PhenomenaBases with respect to the number of detected phenomena and the output delay
Direct Imaging of Phase Objects Enables Conventional Deconvolution in Bright Field Light Microscopy (2014)

In transmitted optical microscopy, absorption structure and phase structure of the specimen determine the three-dimensional intensity distribution of the image. The elementary impulse responses of the bright field microscope therefore consist of separate absorptive and phase components, precluding general application of linear, conventional deconvolution processing methods to improve image contrast and resolution. However, conventional deconvolution can be applied in the case of pure phase (or pure absorptive) objects if the corresponding phase (or absorptive) impulse responses of the microscope are known. In this work, we present direct measurements of the phase point- and line-spread functions of a high-aperture microscope operating in transmitted bright field. Polystyrene nanoparticles and microtubules (biological polymer filaments) serve as the pure phase point and line objects, respectively, that are imaged with high contrast and low noise using standard microscopy plus digital image processing. Our experimental results agree with a proposed model for the response functions, and confirm previous theoretical predictions. Finally, we use the measured phase point-spread function to apply conventional deconvolution on the bright field images of living, unstained bacteria, resulting in improved definition of cell boundaries and sub-cellular features. These developments demonstrate practical application of standard restoration methods to improve imaging of phase objects such as cells in transmitted light microscopy.
Canine hindlimb blood flow and O2 uptake after inhibition of EDRF/NO synthesis (1994)

The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used to determine whether the decrease in canine hindlimb blood flow (QL) with NOS inhibition would limit skeletal muscle O2 uptake (VO2). Arterial inflow and venous outflow from the hindlimb were isolated, and the paw was excluded from the circulation. Pump perfusion from the right femoral artery kept the hindlimb perfusion pressure near the auto-perfused level. Six anesthetized dogs received L-NAME (20 mg/kg i.v.), whereas another group of five dogs received the stereospecific enantiomer N omega-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME 20 mg/kg i.v.). Efficacy of NOS inhibition was tested with intra-arterial boluses of acetylcholine. QL was measured continuously, and whole body and hindlimb VO2 were measured 60 and 120 min after L-NAME or D-NAME. Whole body VO2 remained at control levels, but cardiac output decreased from 117 +/- 17 to 57 +/- 7 ml.kg-1.min-1 60 min after L-NAME (P < 0.05) and remained at that level for the duration of the experiment. Cardiac output was significantly higher in the D-NAME group than in the L-NAME group at 60 min. After L-NAME, QL fell 24% but VO2 increased from 5.2 +/- 0.4 to 7.4 +/- 0.6 ml.kg-1.min-1 (P < 0.05). No change in QL or VO2 occurred after D-NAME. NOS inhibition did not limit hindlimb VO2, despite decreases in blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radio communication within the earth's crust (1963)

This paper discusses four methods of electrical communication within the earth's crust. Mode I may be described as similar to propagation over the ground, except that the rock dielectric substitutes for air as the propagation medium and the under surface of the overburden takes the place of the earth's surface. Mode II results when the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> of the propagating medium is small so that the antennas must be modified, which also results in a modification of the propagation formulas. Two other modes are considered for conditions where the depth to the good dielectric basement rock is prohibitive. Mode III is indicated when the overburden is a highly conducting layer. It makes use of "dc signaling" with vertical antennas extending below the surface layer. Mode IV is indicated when the overburden is so thin that it does not provide an effective conducting plane. It makes use of "dc signaling" with the antennas consisting of a pair of vertical conductors insulated from the thin layer of higher conductivity, but making contact with the medium of intermediate conductivity, hence, generating a horizontally polarized wave. Distances and information rates are given for these modes under various propagation conditions.
A Cooperative Model for IS Security Risk Management in Distributed Environment (2014)

Given the increasing cooperation between organizations, the flexible exchange of security information across the allied organizations is critical to effectively manage information systems (IS) security in a distributed environment. In this paper, we develop a cooperative model for IS security risk management in a distributed environment. In the proposed model, the exchange of security information among the interconnected IS under distributed environment is supported by Bayesian networks (BNs). In addition, for an organization's IS, a BN is utilized to represent its security environment and dynamically predict its security risk level, by which the security manager can select an optimal action to safeguard the firm's information resources. The actual case studied illustrates the cooperative model presented in this paper and how it can be exploited to manage the distributed IS security risk effectively.
Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies against<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Toxins (2010)

To the Editor: The findings by Lowy and col­ leagues (Jan. 21 issue)1 demonstrate the value of fully human monoclonal antibodies in prevent­ ing the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection. The prevalence of C. difficile infection in hospital­ ized patients is greatest among patients older than 85 years of age,2 and recurrent C. difficile infection is both more frequent and more problematic in older adults.3 Although the oldest patient in the trial con­ ducted by Lowy et al. was 101 years old, the mean age was 64 years. We recently reported that the natural history of C. difficile infection in frail, elder­ ly patients is different from that in younger pa­ tients. In randomized trials of metronidazole and vancomycin, the “cure” rate among patients (mean age, approximately 60 years) was typically higher than 80% within the first week after treatment; in contrast, at least half the elderly patients with acquired C. difficile infection in our geriatrics department (mean age, 86 years) re­ mained symptomatic at 2 weeks.4 Consequently, we are not satisfied that it will be valid to ex­ trapolate the results from the study by Lowy et al. to the patients at greatest risk for C. difficile infec­ tion. Issues regarding the inclusion of elderly patients in clinical trials have been raised previ­ ously.5 Specific evaluation of antibiotic and bio­ logic agents for C. difficile infection in older adults is needed. Tom Parks, M.B., B.Chir.
Automatic fuzzy ontology generation for semantic Web (2006)

Ontology is an effective conceptualism commonly used for the semantic Web. Fuzzy logic can be incorporated to ontology to represent uncertainty information. Typically, fuzzy ontology is generated from a predefined concept hierarchy. However, to construct a concept hierarchy for a certain domain can be a difficult and tedious task. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes the FOGA (fuzzy ontology generation framework) for automatic generation of fuzzy ontology on uncertainty information. The FOGA framework comprises the following components: fuzzy formal concept analysis, concept hierarchy generation, and fuzzy ontology generation. We also discuss approximating reasoning for incremental enrichment of the ontology with new upcoming data. Finally, a fuzzy-based technique for integrating other attributes of database to the ontology is proposed.
Molecular Scaffolds. 2. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in 1,2-Diaminoethane Diureas (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Scaffolds. 2. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in 1,2-Diaminoethane DiureasJames S. Nowick, Muna Abdi, Keith A. Bellamo, Jennifer A. Love, Eduardo J. Martinez, Glenn Noronha, Eric M. Smith, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1, 89–99Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00106a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00106a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
<title>Residue Arithmetic Circuit Design Based On Integrated Optics</title> (1982)

Hybrid circuits containing integrated optical detectors, waveguides, and electro-optic-switches can be used to perform a variety of digital logic operations. In combining the hybrid circuits with the carry-free residue arithmetic algorithm, different modules are designed to perform basic arithmetic operations, encoding, decoding, and scaling. Based on pipelining and parallel concepts, a vector-vector multiplier is designed to yield very high throughput rate for application involving traditionally slow computation such as matrix-vector multiplication and polynomial evaluation.
Analytical Methods (2010)

AbstractCollected data have been evaluated and analyzed with the methods indicated below, using different mathematical/statistical tools, e. g. Matlab, Weka (machine learning software), HTK (Hidden Markov Model toolkit), RapidMiner (formerly known as YALE – Yet Another Learning Environment), the Unscrambler (software package for multivariate analysis and experimental design), LIBSVM (Library for Support Vector Machines), and GHMM (General Hidden Markov Model library).KeywordsHide Markov ModelLinear Discriminant AnalysisDifference ThresholdWeber FractionJust Noticeable DifferenceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Castration-resistant prostate cancer: latest evidence and therapeutic implications (2014)

Medical oncologists who treat men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have seen an abundance of new agents approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in the last decade for a disease that was previously difficult to treat after becoming resistant to androgen-deprivation therapy. Advances in understanding of the mechanisms of castration-resistance and prostate cancer progression have highlighted several pathways and targets that appear promising to better treat CRPC. As the majority of CRPC appears to continue to rely on the androgen receptor for growth and progression, several of these agents directly or indirectly target the androgen receptor. A novel microtubule-targeted agent, cabazitaxel, has demonstrated an overall survival benefit following progression on docetaxel. Other agents target tumor immunogenicity and immune checkpoint pathways to attempt to harness the host immune system. The recently approved radiopharmaceutical, radium-223 dichloride, has demonstrated impressive results in patients with extensive bony metastases with minimal toxicity. Lastly, further understanding of the pathways underlying CRPC progression has led to late-phase clinical trials with the novel agents: custirsen, tasquinimod and cabozantinib. This article reviews the approved therapies for CRPC, the agents currently in late-phase clinical trials, and notable early-phase trials of novel therapies and their combinations, with particular attention to trials incorporating novel biomarkers and intermediate endpoints to better identify those men who may or may not benefit from specific therapies.
The Fire Ants (2006)

Walter Tschinkel's passion for fire ants has been stoked by over 30 years of exploring the rhythm and drama of Solenopsis invicta's biology. Since South American fire ants arrived in Mobile, Alabama, in the 1940s, they have spread to become one of the most reviled pests in the Sunbelt. In Fire Ants, Tschinkel provides not just an encyclopaedic overview of S. invicta - how they found colonies, construct and defend their nests, forage and distribute food, struggle among themselves for primacy, and even relocate entire colonies - but a lively account of how research is done, how science establishes facts, and the pleasures and problems of a scientific career. Between chapters detailed enough for experts but readily accessible to any educated reader, 'interludes' provide vivid verbal images of the world of fire ants and the people who study them. Early chapters describe the several failed, and heavily politically influenced, eradication campaigns, and later ones, the remarkable spread of S. invicta's 'polygyne' form, in which nests harbour multiple queens and colonies reproduce by 'budding'. The reader learns much about ants, the practice of science, and humans' role in the fire ant's North American success.