gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF HORSES WITH THREE STRAINS OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS I. CLINICAL AND VIROLOGICAL STUDIES1 (1971)

Henderson, B. E., W. A. Chappell, J. G. Johnston, Jr. and W. D. Sudia (CDC, Atlanta, Ga. 30333). Experimental Infection of horses with three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. I. Clinical and virological studies. Amer J Epidem 93: 194–205, 1971.—Clinical effect, viremias and antibody responses were compared in horses inoculated with the following strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus: Fe3-7C, isolated from Culex (Melano-conion) spp. mosquitoes collected In 1963 in the Florida Everglades; TC-83, the Fort Detrick live, attenuated vaccine strain; and GJ9-1BJ, an isolate from Psorophora confinnis mosquitoes collected in Guatemala during the 1969 epidemic of VEE. Six horses were inoculated with Fe3-7C, and, except for a febrile response of less than 24 hours' duration in one horse, no clinical responses were noted. Low-level viremias were detected in two horses. Six horses were also inoculated with TC-83. Five had a febrile response, and two of these horses were ill for two to three days. All of the TC-83 inoculated horses had detectable viremias, but the titers were low, i.e., <2.0 log10 SMICLD50/0.02 ml. Of four horses inoculated with GJ9-1BJ, all had a marked febrile response and high-titered viremias (3.5–5.5 log10 SMICLD50/0.02 ml) and one died. The 12 horses previously inoculated with Fe3-7C and TC-83 had neither clinical response nor viremia when challenged on the 34th and 28th days, respectively, with GJ9-1BJ. The pattern of development and persistence of hemagglutination inhibiting, complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies indicates that Fe3-7C antibodies are readily distinguishable from TC-83 and GJ9-1BJ antibodies, although there is cross-neutralization between all three virus strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Phage GRCS (2014)

The Staphylococcus aureus phage GRCS was isolated from a sewage treatment facility in India and has shown potential for phage therapy in a mouse model of bacteremia. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacteriophage.
Towards Social Artificial Intelligence: Nonverbal Social Signal Prediction in a Triadic Interaction (2019)

We present a new research task and a dataset to understand human social interactions via computational methods, to ultimately endow machines with the ability to encode and decode a broad channel of social signals humans use. This research direction is essential to make a machine that genuinely communicates with humans, which we call Social Artificial Intelligence. We first formulate the "social signal prediction'' problem as a way to model the dynamics of social signals exchanged among interacting individuals in a data-driven way. We then present a new 3D motion capture dataset to explore this problem, where the broad spectrum of social signals (3D body, face, and hand motions) are captured in a triadic social interaction scenario. Baseline approaches to predict speaking status, social formation, and body gestures of interacting individuals are presented in the defined social prediction framework.
Pathogenicity of fowl enteroviruses (1989)

The pathogenicity of avian nephritis virus, entero-like particles described by McNulty et al. (Avian Pathology, 13: 429), the entero PV2 and entero 3 isolated in our laboratory, was studied by oral inoculation of one-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens. All viruses were shown by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy to multiply in the cytoplasm of enterocytes but histological lesions of the intestine were only observed in chickens infected with McNulty's entero-like particles, entero PV2 and entero 3. Those lesions were present from 3 days post inoculation but were most prominent on the 7th day post inoculation. Variable histological lesions of the pancreas, proventriculus or kidneys were observed 14 days post inoculation with McNulty's entero-like particles, entero PV2 or entero 3. Avian nephritis virus principally induced kidney lesions. This demonstrates that members of a same species of fowl enteroviruses may have different tropisms and could induce different clinical signs and pathology as nephritis or malabsorption syndrome.
The Lifetime Risk of Developing Breast Cancer (1993)

Our estimate was calculated assuming constant age-specific rates derived from 1987-1988 SEER data. Because incidence and mortality rates change over time, conditional risk estimates over the short term (10 or 20 years) may be more reliable. A large portion of the rise in the lifetime risk of breast cancer estimated using 1975-1977 data (one in 10.6) to an estimate using 1987-1988 data (one in eight) may be attributed to 1) early detection of prevalent cases due to increased use of mammographic screening and 2) lower mortality due to causes other than breast cancer. A common misperception is that the lifetime risk estimate assumes that all women live to a particular age (e.g., 85 or 95). In fact, the calculation assumes that women can die from causes other than breast cancer at any possible age. Cutting off the lifetime risk calculation at age 85 assumes that no women develop breast cancer after that age. While the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer rose over the period 1976-1977 to 1987-1988, the lifetime risk of dying of breast cancer increased from one in 30 to one in 28, reflecting generally flat mortality trends.
Monitoring granule formation in anaerobic upflow bioreactors using oligonucleotide hybridization probes (2006)

The process of granule formation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors was studied using oligonucleotide hybridization probes. Two laboratory-scale UASB reactors were inoculated with sieved primary anaerobic digester sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and operated similarly except that reactor G was fed glucose, while reactor GP was fed glucose and propionate. Size measurements of cell aggregates and quantification of different populations of methanogens with membrane hybridization targeting the small-subunit ribosomal RNA demonstrated that the increase in aggregate size was associated with an increase in the abundance of Methanosaeta concilii in both reactors. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the major cell components of small aggregates collected during the early stages of reactor startup were M. concilii cells. These results indicate that M. concilii filaments act as nuclei for granular development. The increase in aggregate size was greater in reactor GP than in reactor G during the early stages of startup, suggesting that the presence of propionate-oxidizing syntrophic consortia assisted the formation of granules. The mature granules formed in both reactors exhibited a layered structure with M. concilii dominant in the core, syntrophic consortia adjacent to the core, and filamentous bacteria in the surface layer. The excess of filamentous bacteria caused delay of granulation, which was corrected by increasing shear through an increase of the recycling rate.
The Molecular Composition of Hydrophilic Sulfur Sols Prepared by Acid Decomposition of Thiosulfate [1] (1988)

Hydrophilic sulfur sols prepared from sodium thiosulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid and purified by repeated NaCl precipitation and peptization in water have been studied by chemical analysis, vibrational spectroscopy, ion-pair chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. The composition of the sol is Na 1.64 S 28.6 O 6 · 5.9/n S n · 1.0 NaCl. The elemental sulfur S n (n = 6-14; mainly S 8 ) accounts for 17% the total sulfur; 83% of the S are present as long-chain polythionates which form micelles in which the S n molecules are dissolved. On aging of the sol at 20 °C the polythionate micelles decompose to give water-soluble short-chain polythionates and elemental sulfur which precipitates from the solution. The micelle structure of hydrophilic sulfur sols may serve as a model for the so-called sulfur globules (S°) formed intra- or extracellularly by many sulfur bacteria which oxidize reduced sulfur compounds to S°. - ᴛ ∙nfrared and Raman spectra of K 2 S m O 6 (m = 3-6) are reported. The photodecomposition of aqueous tetrathionate yields sulfite, thiosulfate, and polythionates with up to 9 sulfur atoms
Physical Properties of Reservoirs Using an Artificial Neural Network Approach: Example from the Jeanne d'Arc Basin, Eastern Offshore Canada: ABSTRACT (1996)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Direct Importance Estimation with Gaussian Mixture Models (2009)

The ratio of two probability densities is called the importance and its estimation has gathered a great deal of attention these days since the importance can be used for various data processing purposes. In this paper, we propose a new importance estimation method using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). Our method is an extention of the Kullback-Leibler importance estimation procedure (KLIEP), an importance estimation method using linear or kernel models. An advantage of GMMs is that covariance matrices can also be learned through an expectation-maximization procedure, so the proposed method — which we call the Gaussian mixture KLIEP (GM-KLIEP) — is expected to work well when the true importance function has high correlation. Through experiments, we show the validity of the proposed approach.
Automating the production planning of a 3D printing factory (2015)

To increase a 3D printer's throughput and decrease the print objects' lead times, composing good batches for 3D printers in high-volume 3D printing environments is of great importance. Since manual planners cannot oversee the whole production planning, they tend to make sub-optimal decisions. This paper presents a two-stage procedure that automatically generates batches for multiple 3D printers. The first stage consists of allocating objects to a batch. This problem is an extension of the classical one-dimensional bin packing problem by including lateness and object size mixture requirements. In the second stage, the positions of the print objects in a tray are determined by using third party three-dimensional packing software. By simulating the production planning of Shapeways, a popular 3D printing marketplace, model parameters are calibrated and the performance of the two-stage procedure is evaluated. The results show an increase of the throughput of the 3D-printers by approximately 10% in comparison with manually created batches.
Comparison of droplet digital PCR and conventional quantitative PCR for measuring EGFR gene mutation (2015)

Early detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) mutation, particularly <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation, is of clinical significance. The aim of the present study was to compare the performances of amplification refractory mutation system-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) approaches in the detection of <i>EGFR</i> mutation and explore the feasibility of using ddPCR in the detection of samples with low mutation rates. <i>EGFR</i> gene mutations in plasmid samples with different T790M mutation rates (0.1-5%) and 10 clinical samples were detected using the ARMS-qPCR and ddPCR approaches. The results demonstrated that the ARMS-qPCR method stably detected the plasmid samples (6,000 copies) with 5 and 1% mutation rates, while the ddPCR approach reliably detected those with 5% (398 copies), 1% (57 copies), 0.5% (24 copies) and 0.1% (average 6 copies) mutation rates. For the 10 clinical samples, the results for nine samples by the ARMS-qPCR and ddPCR methods were consistent; however, the sample N006, indicated to be <i>EGFR</i> wild-type by ARMS-qPCR, was revealed to have a clear <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation with seven copies of mutant alleles in a background of 6,000 wild-type copies using ddPCR technology. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying the ddPCR system to detect <i>EGFR</i> mutation and identified the advantage of ddPCR in the detection of samples with a low <i>EGFR</i> mutation abundance, particularly the secondary <i>EGFR</i> T790M resistance mutation, which enables early diagnosis before acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors becomes clinically detectable.
Genetic Analysis of Pericarp Thickness in Progenies of Eight Corn Hybrids (1991)

Pericarp thickness in maize ( Zea mays L.) was analyzed by generation mean analysis for backcross and F 2 populations from eight hybrids, derived from two thin-pericarped sweet corn inbreds—AA8 and 677a (55 and 51 μm)—crossed with four field corn inbreds—B37, B68, H55, and Hi26 (range 82-132 μm). Average heterosis was −12.5% and segregating progeny distributions were skewed toward those of thin-pericarped parents. Narrow-sense heritability was high, averaging 55.2%, and the number of effective factors was low, ranging from 1.4 to 5.9 and averaging 3.3. Epistatic effects were as large as additive or dominance effects in many crosses, urging caution in applying models that exclude gene interactions to determine variance components and heritabilities. The mode of action in reducing pericarp thickness appeared to differ among the two thin parents, with AA8 affecting the differential thickening of germinal vs. abgerminal walls, and 677a reducing the number of pericarp cell layers. All genetic parameters suggested that genetic progress in backcross conversions to thin pericarp in sweet corn breeding would be rapid irrespective of the pericarp thickness of exotic parents.
Enacting Integrated Information Technology: A Human Agency Perspective (2005)

Recent perspectives on organizational change have emphasized human agency, more than technology or structure, to explain empirical outcomes resulting from the use of information technologies in organizations. Yet, newer technologies such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems continue to be associated with the agenda of organizational transformation, largely because they are assumed to constrain human action. We report an interpretive case study of an ERP system after its implementation in a large government agency. Despite the transformation agenda accompanying the new system, users initially chose to avoid using it as much as possible (inertia) and later to work around system constraints in unintended ways (reinvention). We explain the change in enactments with the concept of improvised learning, which was motivated by social influence from project leaders, “power users,” and peers. Our results are consistent with arguments regarding the enactment of information technology in organizations and with temporal views of human agency. We conclude that an integrated technology like ERP, which potentially represents a “hard” constraint on human agency, can be resisted and reinvented in use.
Speech Perception in Perceivers With Hearing Loss (1999)

Although we would expect that the role of visible speech in multimodal speech perception would have the greatest relevance to individuals with hearing impairment, relatively few analytic studies have been done with these participants. Their adequate understanding of spoken language usually requires information from several modalities or other sources of information. The framework of the fuzzy logical model of perception (FLMP) is used to assess how individuals with hearing impairment evaluate and integrate multiple sources of information. Given this framework, a distinction can be made between information and information processing . Within this framework, we can ask what information differences and information-processing differences exist among individuals with normal hearing and those with hearing impairment. Four experimental studies from the literature are analyzed to address these questions. Test items are presented under both unimodal and bimodal conditions. Of central interest is the nature of the bimodal performance as a function of the unimodal performance. The findings show that, although information differences obviously exist across different populations, their information processing involved in pattern recognition appears to be the same and is well described by the FLMP.
Effect of Coprecipitated Metal Ions on the Electrochromic Properties of Nickel Hydroxide (1989)

Electrochromic films of a series of binary composite hydroxides of nickel and other metals (in a ratio of about 1:10) were deposited cathodically from mixed nitrate solutions onto transparent, conducting substrates. Visible spectra of the composite hydroxides were generally similar to those for nickel hydroxide, itself; the reduced forms were essentially transparent and the oxidized forms exhibited a strong, broad absorption band throughout the visible region. The coprecipitated metal ions did have significant effects on the switching of the electrochromic nickel couple. The composite hydroxide with silver displayed complex electrochromic switching behavior due to the presence of an additional electrochromic silver couple which could be colored cathodically. Significantly for electrochromic window applications, coprecipitation of cerium or lanthanum improved the durability of switching of the electrochromic nickel couple.
Line-broadening analysis of plasma emission produced by laser ablation of metal Cu (2003)

A time-resolved diagnostic technique was used to investigate the emission spectra from the plasmas produced by 1.06 µm, 10 ns pulsed-laser ablation of metal Cu. The spectral line broadening was analysed according to the obtained spectra of the excited atoms, several broadening factors were estimated according to our experimental conditions and the results indicate that Stark broadening is the main broadening mechanism. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, electron number density was deduced from the Stark-broadening measurements. The time evolution and space profile of electron density were obtained. The combined results indicate that impact excitation and ionization occurring after the end of the laser pulse is more important than photon-induced processes produced by the laser pulse.
ABO Genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction (1992)

ABO blood group system's genotyping by polymerase chain reaction in genomic DNA level is developed. The positions of nucleotide 258 and 700 of cDNA from A transferase were used to distinguish A, B, and O alleles by restriction enzyme digestion. To identify the 258th nucleotide, a 199- or 200-bp DNA fragment was amplified by PCR and digested with Kpn I. For the 700th nucleotide, a 128-bp PCR amplified fragment was designed and digested with Alu I. By examining the DNA fragment digested patterns, ABO genotypes were easily determined. Results obtained using this method on 20 ABO-known peripheral blood samples showed that this new technique could provide accurate ABO genotype. Biologic forensic samples, such as, blood stains, saliva stains, semen stains, hair, bone tissue, and semen contaminated with vaginal secretion were also successfully typed. This rapid, sensitive and reliable method should be applicable not only in forensic identification but also in medical examination.
The adaptation of machine conversational speed to speaker utterance speed in human-machine communication (1990)

The development of a machine that adapts to speech of any human speaker and responds at an optimal utterance speed is considered. The relationship between speech speed and speech temporal parameters (mean silence duration S), mean talkspurt duration T, mean talkspurt rate (1/T(T+S)), and speech activity (T/(T+S)) in the case of human conversation at normal speed, determined from 46 subjects, is discussed. This was investigated in Japanese language for the range of 'hangover' and 'fill-in' values used to bridge short silence durations. Based on the above relationship, a method for adapting machine conversational speed to speaker utterance speed is proposed. The method controls the silence durations in the machine's active speech so that the machine's speech activity equals the speaker's speech activity, with a fill-in value of 130 ms. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated on the basis of the degree of adaptation to speech speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Curved PVDF airborne transducer (1999)

In the application of airborne ultrasonic ranging measurement, a partially cylindrical (curved) PVDF transducer can effectively couple ultrasound into the air and generate strong sound pressure. Because of its geometrical features, the ultrasound beam angles of a curved PVDF transducer can be unsymmetrical (i.e., broad horizontally and narrow vertically). This feature is desired in some applications. In this work, a curved PVDF air transducer is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Two resonances were observed in this transducer. They are length extensional mode and flexural bending mode. Surface vibration profiles of these two modes were measured by a laser vibrometer. It was found from the experiment that the surface vibration was not uniform along the curvature direction for both vibration modes. Theoretical calculations based on a model developed in this work confirmed the experimental results. Two displacement peaks were found in the piezoelectric active direction of PVDF film for the length extensional mode; three peaks were found for the flexural bending mode. The observed peak positions were in good agreement with the calculation results. Transient surface displacement measurements revealed that vibration peaks were in phase for the length extensional mode and out of phase for the flexural bending mode. Therefore, the length extensional mode can generate a stronger ultrasound wave than the flexural bending mode. The resonance frequencies and vibration amplitudes of the two modes strongly depend on the structure parameters as well as the material properties. For the transducer design, the theoretical model developed in this work can be used to optimize the ultrasound performance.
Effect of Temperature and Cultivar on the Response of Broccoli and Collard (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) to Oxyfluorfen (1999)

Growth chamber studies were conducted to investigate the effect of temperature, cultivar, and leaf wax content on the response of broccoli and collard to oxyfluorfen. Broccoli cultivars grown under cool temperatures (15/10 C) were more susceptible to preemergence (PRE) application of oxyfluorfen, and broccoli and collard cultivars grown at cool temperatures were more susceptible to postemergence (POST) application of oxyfluorfen than cultivars grown under warm temperatures (25/20 C). Differences between the tolerant cultivar ‘Pinnacle’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘Packman’ in response to PRE oxyfluorfen application were more distinct at warm temperatures than at cool temperatures. Although the broccoli and collard cultivars used in the POST study varied in leaf wax content, differences in wax content did not appear to be as important as other genetic factors in the differential response to POST oxyfluorfen application between cultivars.