gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BAY 11-7082 Is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor with Anti-Inflammatory Activity against Multiple Targets (2012)

BAY 11-7082 (BAY) is an inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) that has pharmacological activities that include anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, BAY-pharmacological target pathways were further characterized to determine how this compound simultaneously suppresses various responses. Primary and cancerous (RAW264.7 cells) macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide, a ligand of toll-like receptor 4. As reported previously, BAY strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced the translocation of p65, major subunit of nuclear factor-κB, and its upstream signaling events such as phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK, and Akt. In addition, BAY also suppressed the translocation and activation of activator protein-1, interferon regulatory factor-3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation or activation of extracellular signal-related kinase, p38, TANK-binding protein, and Janus kinase-2. These data strongly suggest that BAY is an inhibitor with multiple targets and could serve as a lead compound in developing strong anti-inflammatory drugs with multiple targets in inflammatory responses.
Front-to-Back Ratio Enhancement of Planar Printed Antennas by Means of Artificial Dielectric Layers (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the use of artificial dielectric layers (ADLs) as a mean to enhance front-to-back radiation ratio in printed, planar antennas. These artificially engineered substrates can be designed to be anisotropic and present high dielectric constants for the waves propagating orthogonal to metallic layers. However, the dielectric constants is as low as that of the host material for the waves that propagates towards grazing direction, and thus surface waves due to multiple reflections at the dielectric air interface are not enhanced. A simple qualitative description of this concept is followed by the presentation of a experimentally verified prototype which clearly highlights the potential advantages of the proposed ADL for antenna applications.
Curviplanar (Radial, Bow-Tie, Festoon) and Concentric Jointing in Jurassic Dolerite Mersey Bluff, Tasmania (1965)

Spectacular arcuate and vertical, curviplanar joints, spaced from 0.5 to several centimeters apart and radiating from foci 5-25 feet apart, extend through a 75-foot high outcrop of tholeiite. Regional and micro-metric evidence and determinations of specific gravity show that the outcrop is part of a transgressive sill, that it lies 350 feet above the base of the sill, and that the original thickness of the sill-as indicated by the percentage of orthopyroxene (bronzite)-was more than 2,000 feet. The joints, in thin section, transect all mineral components and were formed after solidification of the dolerite. They appear to be unrelated to any devitrification of the mesostasis and are believed to have extended vertically for more than 1,200 feet and to have formed in the center of the sill by the slow accumulation of stress and its subsequent sudden explosive release. They thus correspond to the curvicolumnar joints found in the centers of many columnarly jointed effusives. In places they are transected by circular joints, in other places by polygonal joints, with the formation of both rounded and angular columns. The direction of propagation of the curviplanar joints may be obtained by noting (1) closeness of jointing, (2) direction of forking or bifurcation, (3) changes in curvature of arc, (4) roughness of the joint surfaces, and (5) feather marks on the joint surfaces. The feathers, contrary to convention, vee away from the direction of origin and have been formed by fractures traveling vertically between pre-existing vertical joints which may have been master columnar joints originating in the colonnade below. Such joints cannot usually be distinguished from tectonic joints. Curviplanar joints are found at more than one locality. Although undescribed, they appear to be relatively common.
Energy-Efficient Virtual Machine Replication and Placement in a Cloud Computing System (2012)

By utilizing Virtual Machines (VM) and doing server consolidation in a datacenter, a cloud provider can reduce the total energy consumption for servicing his clients with little performance degradation. In particular, the cloud provider can take advantage of dissimilar workloads and by assigning these workloads to the same server, can utilize fewer active servers to service his clients. Placing multiple copies of a VM on different servers and distributing the incoming requests among these VM copies can reduce the resource requirement for each VM copy and help the cloud provider utilize the servers more efficiently. In this paper, the problem of energy-efficient VM placement in a cloud computing system is solved. Precisely, we present an approach that first creates multiple copies of VMs and then uses dynamic programming and local search to place these copies on the physical servers. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the total energy consumption by up to 20% with respect to previous work.
Fast Inverters over Finite Field Based on Euclid's Algorithm (1989)

Conception d'un inverseur rapide (sur le champ fini GF (p n )) base sur l'agorithme d'Euclide, pour l'inversion de fonctions. Le circuit est base sur 4 phases. On explicite le circuit de base commande par un circuit de controle; l'inverseur a une structure classique, extensible et modulaire
Photoinduced Polymerization of Solid C <sub>60</sub> Films (1993)

The irradiation of oxygen-free, face-centered-cubic C 60 films with visible or ultraviolet light phototransformed C 60 into a different solid phase. Results from laser desorption mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, optical absorption, and luminescence indicate that a photopolymerization of the fullerene molecules within the film occurred.
Property as Process: How Innovation Markets Select Innovation Regimes (2011)

It is commonly asserted that innovation markets suffer from excessive intellectualproperty protections, which in turn stifle output. But empirical inquiries can neither confirm nor deny this assertion. Under the “agnostic” assumption that we cannot assess directly whether intellectual-property coverage is excessive, an alternative query is proposed: can the market assess if any “propertization outcome” is excessive and then undertake actions to yield a socially preferable outcome? Grounded in the “bottom up” methodology of new institutional economics, this process-based approach takes the view that innovator populations make rent-seeking investments that continuously “select” among a range of “innovation regimes” that trade off securing innovation gains (which tends to demand more property) against reducing transaction costs and associated innovation losses (which tends to demand less). If we can identify the conditions under which privately-interested investments in lobbying, enforcement, and transactional arrangements are likely to yield socially-interested propertization outcomes, then the underlying datum at issue—whether there is “too much” intellectual property—can be determined indirectly at some reasonable degree of approximation. This approach identifies a “property trap” effect where, under high coordination-cost conditions, the regime selection mechanism is prone to fail: litigation risk and associated transaction-cost burdens drive innovators to move “too fast” to implement a state-provided property regime. Conversely, under low coordination-cost conditions, the regime selection mechanism is prone to succeed: adversely-affected entities that rely substantially on outside sources for innovation inputs have incentives to undertake actions that weaken property-rights coverage, including constrained enforcement, forming cooperative arrangements, or even forfeiting intellectual-property assets to the public domain. Counterintuitively, these relationships imply that large firms that rely substantially on outside sources for innovation inputs tend to have the strongest incentives and capacities to take actions that correct overpropertization outcomes. Preliminary evidence is drawn from the semiconductor, financial-services and information-technology industries. BARNETT_836.DOC 1/26/2010 12:00:26 PM 384 jonathan m. barnett Property as Process: How Innovation Markets Select
Chronic Infections with Hepatotropic Viruses: Mechanisms of Impairment of Cellular Immune Responses (2007)

Chronic hepatitis B and C cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antiviral therapy suppresses but does not eliminate chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and it is effective in only half of all hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. Because adaptive immune responses are associated with spontaneous resolution of acute HBV and HCV infection, therapeutic enhancement of immune responses has been proposed as alternative or supplementary therapy for chronic infection. However, all efforts have been hampered by poor proliferation and effector functions of HBV- and HCV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, which are thought to be due to T cell exhaustion, high antigenic load, and viral escape. Recent studies revealed that endogenous factors, such as regulatory T cells, immunosuppressive cytokines, and inhibitory receptors, also contribute to the impairment of virus-specific T cell responses in chronic infection, perhaps reflecting the host's attempt to protect itself against immune-mediated pathology. These endogenous mechanisms and potential avenues to revert them are the subject of this review.
Pyrimidones. <b>2</b>. Synthesis and reactions of 2‐chloropyrimidines (1980)

Abstract The treatment of 1‐alkyl‐5‐aryl and 1‐alkyl‐4,5‐diaryl‐2‐(1 H )pyrimidones with phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride resulted in chlorination and dealkylation to furnish 2‐chloro‐5‐aryl (or 4,5‐diaryl)‐pyrimidines. These chlorpyrimidines were reacted with a variety of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles to produce the corresponding 2‐substituted pyrimidines. In the case of phenyllithium, attack occurred at the 4‐position of the pyrimidine ring yielding 11 . Triazolopyrimidine 9 was synthesized via the treatment of 2d with hydrazine followed by reaction with triethyl orthoformate.
Cancer chronotherapy: Principles, applications, and perspectives (2002)

Chronotherapy concepts appear to offer further potential to improve current cancer treatment options as well as to optimize the development of new anticancer or supportive agents.
Differentiation of superficial thrombophlebitis from lymphangitis by doppler ultrasound. (1976)

Of 61 patients examined by Doppler ultrasound, only 23 were found to have superficial venous thrombosis. The remaining 38 patients were considered to have lymphangitis or cellulitis. An algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic pathways has been developed for the management of the patient who has suspected superficial thrombophlebitis.
A Fourier Transform Diode Array Spectrometer for the UV, Visible, and Near-IR (1985)

A new Fourier transform spectrometer for the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions is described. Based on a Michelson interferometer with a tilted rather than moving mirror, the new spectrometer produces interferograms which are spatial (instead of temporal) intensity patterns and uses photodiode array detection. The primary advantages of the new spectrometer are optical and mechanical simplicity and extremely fast spectral acquisition, as well as large optical throughput. In addition, it is shown that shot noise does not dominate in the recorded interferogram and so Fellgett's advantage applies to the transformed spectrum.
Screening for Diabetes Mellitus (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 January 1989Screening for Diabetes MellitusMayer B. Davidson, MDMayer B. Davidson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-2-168_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the 15 October issue, Singer and colleagues recommend that patients not be screened for type 2 diabetes. They argue that there is no convincing evidence that therapy can ameliorate or prevent chronic complications and that therapy begun when the patient is asymptomatic is no more effective than therapy begun after diabetes causes symptoms.We need to address the questions of complications and control more critically than simply referring to the (largely discredited) University Group Diabetes Program study: "Complications" need to be separated into those that are macrovascular, for which the evidence is poor that glucose control...References1. MikiFukudaKuzuya EMT. Relation of the course of retinopathy to control of diabetes, age, and therapeutic agents in diabetic Japanese patients. Diabetes. 1969;18:773-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Pirart J. Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care. 1978;1:168-88. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Dahl-JörgensenBrinchmann-HansenHanssen KOK. Effect of near normoglycaemia for two years on progression of early diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy: the Oslo study. Br Med J. 1986;293:1195-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TakazakuraNakamotoHayakawa EYH. Onset and progression of diabetic glomerulosclerosis: a prospective study based on serial renal biopsies. Diabetes. 1975;24:1-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Feldt-RasmussenMathiesenDeckert BET. Effect of two years of strict metabolic control on progression of incipient nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet. 1986;2:1300-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA 90048-1869 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrimary prevention of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus 15 January 1989Volume 110, Issue 2Page: 168-168KeywordsDiabetes mellitusGlucoseType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 15 January 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of Sol−Gel Systems for Solid/Liquid Separation (1998)

A unique approach using sol−gel technology is presented for separating and recovering particulates and colloids from caustic waste slurries. The approach involves the addition of an alkali silicate and an organic gelling agent directly to the waste stream to immobilize particulates that range from macro sizes to submicron colloids. The particulates and colloids become trapped within a silica network that remains porous during the early stages of the sol−gel process. The freshly gelled monolith undergoes a process of syneresis, whereby the water and soluble salts are ejected from the monolith as it contracts. The approach has been illustrated by removal of ultrafine particulates from a Hanford Tank Waste simulant. Initial laboratory tests have shown that it is possible to produce silica monoliths in the presence of 4 M hydroxide. Analysis of the mother liquor produced during syneresis indicated quantitative recovery of the particulates within the monolith. The partitioning of ions between the silica gel and the mother liquor during syneresis correlates directly with the lyotropic series. Salt recoveries from the mother liquor in excess of 90% can be achieved. With a capability of recovering >99.999% of all particulates, including colloids, the process is more efficient than membrane filtration. This approach produces a rock-hard silica monolith that can be used directly as a feedstock to a glass melter or can be consolidated to near theoretical density by sintering.
Alkoxycarbonylation of Industrially Relevant Anilines Using Zn<sub>4</sub>O(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> as Catalyst (2012)

An efficient procedure is presented for the alkoxycarbonylation of industrially important amines using environmentally friendly alkyl carbonates as reagents and Zn4O(OAc)6 as catalyst. Aromatic amines in particular (thirteen examples) consistently give high yields (up to 98%), regardless of the electronic properties of the substituents or the ring substitution pattern.
Seismic Surface Extraction Using Iterative Seismic DNA Detection (2013)

A methodology for automated 3D horizon interpretation is presented. This methodology consists of two main parts. The first part is a detection step where a novel method inspired by DNA string detection, called Seismic DNA (Bakke et al. 2012), is used to detect seismic textures. The second part connects the detected textures into regions. An example of seismic textures can be e.g. a sorted sequence of seismic events. The detection step, described as iterative Seismic DNA, will be explained in the paper. The connection step is an extension of the Extrema technology (Borgos et al., 2003), and it generates spatial regions of similar seismic textures. The second step is described as extrema surface extraction.
Reversible Force Generation in a Temperature‐Responsive Nanocomposite Hydrogel Consisting of Poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide) and Clay (2005)

Generated force profiles: The authors report the first observation of a retractive mechanical force as a result of a coil–globular transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) chains. Using temperature-sensitive nanocomposite hydrogels, they observed the reversible generation of retractive tensile forces in samples constrained to a constant length in an aqueous environment, in response to alternating the temperature across the lower critical solution temperature.
PCR Methods of Genotyping (1997)

Two protocols discuss labeling PCR products with radioactive labels. The PCR products are then analyzed on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by direct autoradiography. The resulting band pattern is used to define the SSLP genotype of the individual. Another method of genotyping uses a simple silver staining technique to detect PCR-amplified SSLPs electrophoresed in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. In a fourth protocol, multiple unlabeled PCR products from one individual are pooled, separated on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and sequentially hybridized to nonradioactive end-labeled probes derived from the primers used to amplify each SSLP marker. The probes are detected on film using chemiluminescence. Support protocols describe the preparation of an M13 sequence ladder size standard and digoxigenin labeling of the probe, both of which are required for the chemiluminescent method.
Linear and Nonlinear Methods in Pattern Classification (1964)

The problem of pattern classification has two highly interactive aspects: (1) the selection of numerical measurements to ‘represent’ the patterns, and (2) the specification of an algorithm to identify patterns, based upon the numerical values of these measurements. The present paper presents the mathematical framework for one attack upon these problems and gives results obtained in some experiments in character recognition.
Altered cognitive function in men treated for prostate cancer with luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogues and cyproterone acetate: a randomized controlled trial (2002)

Pharmacological androgen suppression monotherapy for prostate cancer may be associated with impaired memory, attention and executive functions.
Polymerization of composites using pulsed laser (1995)

The quality of visible-light-cured composites depends on the capability of the light source to properly polymerize the material within a specified exposure time. In this study, the degree of conversion of different composite materials (hybrid and microfilled) of light and dark shades was compared after illumination by a standard curing unit and pulsed laser (lambda=468) respectively. The degree of conversion was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results obtained by the analysis of the pulsed laser-induced polymerization were significantly higher for all the materials and shades observed. All values of the degree of conversion were lower for dark shades of all types of composites, regardless of the photopolymerization technique used. Besides the surface, better polymerization was recorded also at depths of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mm, respectively. These values varied from 59.7%+/-2.14 to 84.5%+/-0.33 for pulsed laser (including all depths) caused by the saturation effect induced by high power laser pulses and from 42.7%+/-1.48 to 74.7%+/-0.99 for standard polymerization.
Role of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone on the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAm hydrogel and its release kinetics using dye and vitamin-B12 as model drug (2013)

Temperature-sensitive hydrogels hold great promise in biological applications as they can respond to changes in physiological temperature to produce a desired effect like controlled drug delivery. In this study, a series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) thermosensitive hydrogels were synthesized by radical copolymerization of NIPAm with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP). By altering the initial NIPAm/NVP mole ratios, copolymers were synthesized to have their own distinctive lower critical solution temperature which was established using differential scanning calorimetry. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel was analyzed gravimetrically and it was observed that reswelling rate increases with increasing NVP mole ratio. Further characterizations of the hydrogels were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Release kinetics with respect to temperature was studied using methylene blue dye solution and vitamin B12. Kinetic modeling of the release profile revealed that the release mechanism is a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. These results suggested that this material has potential application as intelligent drug carriers. The quantities of residual monomers in the PIV4 hydrogel were determined by HPLC method, and the results show almost complete conversion.
Midwives support immunization (1996)

Dr. Robert Mills, in the December 1995 AAP News (Second Opinions, Midwives threaten immunizations), stated that postnatal advice provided by nurse midwives regarding infant immunization was disturbing. He goes on to say that nurse midwives recommend either delaying or altogether withholding immunizations. Dr. Mills did not research his facts before he wrote his letter and is confused. As a certified nurse midwife educator and provider for more than 16 years, I have worked in many areas throughout the United States, and am currently the director of a practice of 26 certified nurse midwives. I have never known of certified nurse midwives recommending to their patients delaying or withholding immunizations. Certified nurse midwives support full immunizations of all healthy children. Immunization education is part of the core curriculum of every nurse midwifery educational program. As health care providers, we strive to work together to ensure our children receive adequate immunization.