gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>SERS and the single molecule: near-field microscopy and spectroscopy</title> (2001)

Recent results suggest that surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) of single adsorbate molecules is possible under appropriate circumstances. We propose that this phenomenon is associated with very intense enhancements available at interstitial sites (hot spots) of nanoparticle assemblies (either colloid particle aggregates or rough surfaces) illuminated with light of an appropriate wavelength so as to excite surface plasmons, coupled with additional resonance enhancements due to a judicious choice of ad-molecule. The former contribution, known as electromagnetic (EM) enhancement, has been known for years to be capable of producing EM hot spots where the enhancement can top 10<SUP>11</SUP>. This fact seems to have been rediscovered recently. It is also known that the fields at the surface of fractal aggregates commonly show hot spots. These are also, at times, capable of such high local enhancements. On fractals, the location of these hot spots are, however, highly dependent on parameters such as the excitation wavelength. In contrast, small compact clusters (when properly designed) have the benefit of a wavelength-independent hot spot where a small number of molecules could be (chemically) directed and detected. This insight suggests an eventual optimally engineered single-molecule SERS system with predictable enhancement capabilities and optimal adsorption (i.e. chemical) characteristics at the hot spot.
Overexpression of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase enhances photosynthesis and growth under salt stress in transgenic rice plants (2007)

Activity of the Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase; EC3.1.3.37) was increased in the transgenic rice cultivar zhonghua11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) by overexpressing OsSbp cDNA from the rice cultivar 9311 (Oryza sativa ssp. indica). This genetic engineering enabled the transgenic plants to accumulate SBPase in chloroplasts and resulted in enhanced tolerance of transgenic rice plants to salt stress at the young seedlings stage. Moreover, CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation in transgenic rice plants was significantly more tolerant to salt stress than in wild-type plants. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and the activity of SBPase indicated that the enhancement of photosynthesis in salt stress was not related to the function of PSII but to the activity of SBPase. Western-blot analysis showed that salt stress led to the association of SBPase with the thylakoid membranes from the stroma fractions. However, this association was much more prominent in wild-type plants than in transgenic plants. Results suggested that under salt stress, SBPase maintained the activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase by providing more regeneration of the acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate in the soluble stroma and by preventing the sequestration of Rubisco activase to the thylakoid membrane from the soluble stroma, and, thus, enhanced the tolerance of photosynthesis to salt stress. Results suggested that overexpression of SBPase was an effective method for enhanncing salt tolerance in rice.
Efficient polarization insensitive electroabsorption modulator using strained InGaAsP-based quantum wells (1994)

Polarization insensitivity is presently an important challenge for electro-optical components for optical-fiber telecommunications. We report on a polarization insensitive electroabsorption modulator based on strained InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple quantum wells and having remarkably high static performances, as illustrated by a record figure of merit of 4.3 (dB/100 μm)/(V/μm). We also discuss in detail the theoretical aspects of electroabsorption polarization independence for quantum well modulators.
Reductive dechlorination of high concentrations of tetrachloroethene to ethene by an anaerobic enrichment culture in the absence of methanogenesis (1991)

Tetrachloroethene, also known as perchloroethylene (PCE), is a common groundwater contaminant throughout the United States. The incomplete reductive dechlorination of PCE--resulting in accumulations of trichloroethene, dichloroethene isomers, and/or vinyl chloride--has been observed by many investigators in a wide variety of methanogenic environments. Previous mixed-culture studies have demonstrated that complete dechlorination to ethene is possible, although the final dechlorination step from vinyl chloride to ethene is rate limiting, with significant levels of vinyl chloride typically persisting. In this study, anaerobic methanol-PCE enrichment cultures which proved capable of dechlorinating high concentrations PCE to ethene were developed. Added concentrations of PCE as high as 550 microM (91-mg/liter nominal concentration; approximately 55-mg/liter actual aqueous concentration) were routinely dechlorinated to 80% ethene and 20% vinyl chloride within 2 days at 35 degrees C. The methanol level used was approximately twice that needed for complete dechlorination of PCE to ethene. The observed transformations occurred in the absence of methanogenesis, which was apparently inhibited by the high concentrations of PCE. When incubation was allowed to proceed for as long as 4 days, virtually complete conversion of PCE to ethene resulted, with less than 1% persisting as vinyl chloride. An electron balance demonstrated that methanol consumption was completely accounted for by dechlorination (31%) and acetate production (69%). The high volumetric rates of PCE dechlorination (up to 275 mumol/liter/day) and the relatively large fraction (ca. one-third) of the supplied electron donor used for dechlorination suggest that reductive dechlorination could be exploited for bioremediation of PCE-contaminated sites.
Statistical Quality Control (2004)

No AccessExtrusion ControlSep 2004Statistical Quality ControlHolton E. HarrisHolton E. Harrishttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446434271.012SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2004Pages: 131-148Print ISBN: 978-3-446-22167-3eISBN: 978-3-446-43427-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2004 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic Diversity at the Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of the rRNA Operon among Isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from AIDS Patients with Recurrent Pneumonia (1996)

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis carinii sp. f. hominis is a frequent cause of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. Analysis of genetic variation among isolates of P. carinii sp. f. hominis from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with single and multiple episodes of P. carinii pneumonia was undertaken at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear rRNA operon. In samples from 24 episodes of pneumonia, 10 different types of P. carinii sp. f. hominis were identified. More than 1 sequence type was observed in 8 samples, indicating that mixed infection with different types of P. carinii sp. f. hominis is not uncommon. In 4 of 7 patients with recurrent episodes of pneumonia, the sequence types observed at the second episode were different from those of the first, suggesting the occurrence of both reactivation of a previously acquired infection and reinfection from an exogenous source.
GSK3 and Alzheimer’s disease: facts and fiction… (2011)

The physiological functions and pathological roles of the Glycogen synthase kinase-type 3 (GSK3) kinases in peripheral and central systems are diverse and complex, and therefore hard to unravel in molecular detail in vivo. Our assignment to review and discuss available data to clarify the actual position of these kinases in the pathology of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) was both ambitious and easy. On the one hand, numerous studies are available in isolated, recombinant, or cell-based systems, which have resulted in very diverse data-sets that are hardly informative for the brain in vivo. At the other extreme, reliable, and relevant models for the role of GSK3 in CNS are rare, if not lacking. Moreover, (too) many in vivo studies used Li(+) as "specific" inhibitor of GSK3, which is factually not valid because lithium ions are neither specific nor potent inhibitors of GSK3 in vivo. More specific pharmacological inhibitors of GSK3 have met with considerable problems, and are reviewed by others in this issue or elsewhere. We concentrate here on AD-related aspects of GSK3 in brain in vivo, mainly studied in transgenic mice and highlight some of the more important issues, among many remaining: activation of GSK3 by amyloid, phosphorylation of protein tau, effects on or interference with synaptic activity, differentiation between both GSK3 isoforms. These relate directly to brain function, and brain dysfunction in AD, and are to be resolved if we want to understand the molecular pathology of this dreadful disease.
Perceptual models and architectures for video coding applications (1996)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 1520 (1996)Section de systemes de communicationInstitut de genie electrique et electroniqueLaboratoire de traitement des signaux 1 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-1520Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08
The Quantum Phenomena in Computational Model of Neuro-Cognition States: An Analytical Approach (2015)

International audience
Analytic solutions for the two-phase Navier-Stokes equations with surface tension and gravity (2009)

We consider the motion of two superposed immiscible, viscous, incompressible, capillary fluids that are separated by a sharp interface which needs to be determined as part of the problem. Allowing for gravity to act on the fluids, we prove local well-posedness of the problem. In particular, we obtain well-posedness for the case where the heavy fluid lies on top of the light one, that is, for the case where the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is present. Additionally we show that solutions become real analytic instantaneously.
Mixed crystal infrared study of chain folding in crystalline polyethylene (1969)

Abstract Infrared spectroscopic studies have been made of mixed crystals of linear polyethylene and perdeuteropolyethylene. On the basis of normal vibration analyses by Tasumi and Krimm it had been shown that the study of crystal splittings of internal chain modes in such mixed crystals could provide information on the geometry of chain folding. The present results, which include a study of n ‐paraffin (C 36 ) mixed crystals, confirm these predictions. They show that (110) folding predominates in dilute solution grown crystals, and that this is transformed to (200) folding in melt‐crystallized polymer. Folding with adjacent re‐entry is favored, a random re‐entry model being clearly eliminated.
Spironolactone blocks Epstein–Barr virus production by inhibiting EBV SM protein function (2016)

Clinically available drugs active against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other human herpesviruses are limited to those targeting viral DNA replication. To identify compounds directed against other steps in the viral life cycle, we searched for drugs active against the EBV SM protein, which is essential for infectious virus production. SM has a highly gene-specific mode of action and preferentially enhances expression of several late lytic cycle EBV genes. Here we demonstrate that spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist approved for clinical use, inhibits SM function and infectious EBV production. Expression of EBV viral capsid antigen is highly SM dependent, and spironolactone inhibits viral capsid antigen synthesis and capsid formation, blocking EBV virion production at a step subsequent to viral DNA replication. In addition, spironolactone inhibits expression of other SM-dependent genes necessary for infectious virion formation. We further demonstrate that molecules structurally related to spironolactone with similar antimineralocorticoid blocking activity do not inhibit EBV production. These findings pave the way for development of antiherpesvirus drugs with new mechanisms of action directed against SM and homologous essential proteins in other herpesviruses.
Genetic identification of potential RNA-binding regions in a group II intron-encoded reverse transcriptase (2010)

Mobile group II introns encode a reverse transcriptase that binds the intron RNA to promote RNA splicing and intron mobility, the latter via reverse splicing of the excised intron into DNA sites, followed by reverse transcription. Previous work showed that the Lactococcus lactis Ll.LtrB intron reverse transcriptase, denoted LtrA protein, binds with high affinity to DIVa, a stem-loop structure at the beginning of the LtrA open reading frame and makes additional contacts with intron core regions that stabilize the active RNA structure for forward and reverse splicing. LtrA's binding to DIVa down-regulates its translation and is critical for initiation of reverse transcription. Here, by using high-throughput unigenic evolution analysis with a genetic assay in which LtrA binding to DIVa down-regulates translation of GFP, we identified regions at LtrA's N terminus that are required for DIVa binding. Then, by similar analysis with a reciprocal genetic assay, we confirmed that residual splicing of a mutant intron lacking DIVa does not require these N-terminal regions, but does require other reverse transcriptase (RT) and X/thumb domain regions that bind the intron core. We also show that N-terminal fragments of LtrA by themselves bind specifically to DIVa in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest a model in which the N terminus of nascent LtrA binds DIVa of the intron RNA that encoded it and nucleates further interactions with core regions that promote RNP assembly for RNA splicing and intron mobility. Features of this model may be relevant to evolutionarily related non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR)-retrotransposon RTs.
Regulation of cytoplasmic stress granules by apoptosis-inducing factor (2004)

Stress granules (SG) are dynamic cytoplasmic foci in which stalled translation initiation complexes accumulate. In conditions of acute cellular redox, stress cells manipulated to lose the expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nucleate SG signature proteins (e.g. TIA-1, PABP1) more efficiently than AIF-positive controls. AIF also inhibited SG formation induced by the RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP. Retransfection of mouse AIF into cells subjected to human AIF-specific siRNA revealed that only AIF imported into mitochondria could repress SGs and that redox-active domains of AIF, which are dispensable for its apoptogenic action, were required for SG inhibition. In response to oxidative stress, AIF-negative cells were found to deplete non-oxidized glutathione more rapidly than AIF-expressing cells. Exogenous supplementation of glutathione inhibited SG formation elicited by arsenate or G3BP. Together, these data suggest that the oxidoreductase function of AIF is required for the maintenance of glutathione levels in stress conditions and that glutathione is a major regulator of SG.
The Use of UV-Vis Spectroscopy in Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring (2018)

Real-time analytical tools to monitor bioprocess and fermentation in biological and food applications are becoming increasingly important. Traditional laboratory-based analyses need to be adapted to comply with new safety and environmental guidelines and reduce costs. Many methods for bioprocess fermentation monitoring are spectroscopy-based and include visible (Vis), infrared (IR) and Raman. This paper describes the main principles and recent developments in UV-Vis spectroscopy to monitor bioprocess and fermentation in different food production applications.
1 GHz GaAs CCD (1980)

Sampled analog processing techniques when implemented with CCDs are well suited to application in filtering, correlation, convolution, etc. The existing silicon technology has not, however, been effectively applied to these functions at very high sample rates ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\geq 10^{9}</tex> samples/sec). Difficulties have been experienced in the high speed operation of silicon CCDs. Most notably, clock driver power dissipation, bandwidth of on-chip amplifiers and low-field electron mobility have limited useful performance of silicon CCDs to about 100 MHz. A new CCD technology in GaAs, first introduced in 1977, has been developed to the point where reasonably long devices (400 gates) and extremely high clock frequencies have been achieved. These CCDs are buried channel and employ Schottky barrier gates separated by small ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\cong 1 \micro</tex> m) gaps. Operated in the conventional manner, charge transfer efficiencies of >0.9999 per transfer have been measured. The charge transfer efficiency does not degrade beyond 100 MHz. At higher frequencies, a considerable measurement problem exists in determining the charge transfer efficiency. Of course conventional clocking schemes are not applicable at RF frequencies. A novel approach to very high speed clocking of CCDs has been employed and will be discussed. The GaAs CCD has very recently been continuously clocked at ≥ 1 GHz. The maximum clock frequency achieved to date is limited by the clock driver system. This CCD is predicted to operate at up to 5 GHz. The device technology used to fabricate the GaAs CCD, the measurement techniques and the latest results as well as applications will be discussed.
Gallium arsenide spawns speed (1977)

Monolithic digital circuits employing `MESFET' devices promise multigigabit and higher data rates. The basic operation of MESFET is described.
Influence of Substratum Surface Properties on the Organization of Adsorbed Collagen Films:  In Situ Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy (1999)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and force−distance curves have been used to investigate, in situ, the nanoscale organization of collagen adsorbed on polymer substrata covering a wide range of surface roughness and surface hydrophobicity: bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVdF) used as such or treated by an oxygen plasma discharge (ox). After collagen adsorption, PC and PCox showed patterned structures under water, the size of which was influenced by substratum surface oxidation. These structures are attributed to aggregated ends of collagen molecules. Extended rupture lengths were observed in the force−distance curves, suggesting that bundles of collagen molecules adhere to the AFM probe and are progressively torn out upon probe retraction. In contrast, on PET, PETox, PVdF, and PVdFox, adsorbed collagen formed a smooth, homogeneous film devoid of any topographic feature, and no extended rupture lengths were observed. After drying, holes in the collagen film were observed on PET and PVdF and not on PETox and PVdFox. The influence of substratum roughness and physicochemical properties is discussed, considering the mobility of collagen molecules at the interface.
[A study of applied microanatomy by endoscope-assisted via retrolabyrinthine approach]. (2007)

The visual field of the cerebellopontine angle appear wider by the endoscope assisted retrolabyrinthine approach. Nerves, vessel, internal acoustic pore, jugular foramen region can be clearly seen. Some minimal invasive surgery can be done by this approach.
Effect of Organic Modifiers on the Structure of Nickel Nanoparticles and Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol to <i>p</i>-Aminophenol (2009)

Spherical nickel nanoparticles with different sizes and different structures were prepared starting from nickel oxalate and using hydrazine hydrate as a reductant in the presence of citric acid, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Tween 40, and d-sorbitol as organic modifiers. The size and structure of the resultant nickel nanoparticles were affected by using different organic modifiers. All of the nickel nanoparticles showed higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the conventional raney Ni catalyst in the hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. Although the catalytic activities of the resultant nickel nanoparticles generally increased with decreasing particle size, the structure of nickel nanoparticles also had an important impact on the catalytic activity.
Effects of yeast products on the intestinal morphology, barrier function, cytokine expression, and antioxidant system of weaned piglets (2016)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mixture of yeast culture, cell wall hydrolysates, and yeast extracts (collectively "yeast products," YP) on the performance, intestinal physiology, and health of weaned piglets. A total of 90 piglets weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by body weight, sex, and litter and randomly assigned to one of three treatments for a 14-d feeding experiment, including (1) a basal diet (control), (2) 1.2 g/kg of YP, and (3) 20 mg/kg of colistin sulfate (CSE). No statistically significant differences were observed in average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, or gain-to-feed ratio among CSE, YP, and control piglets. Increased prevalence of diarrhea was observed among piglets fed the YP diet, whereas diarrhea was less prevalent among those fed CSE. Duodenal and jejunal villus height and duodenal crypt depth were greater in the control group than they were in the YP or CSE groups. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the duodenal and jejunal villi were enhanced by YP, whereas IEL in the ileal villi were reduced in weaned piglets fed YP. Secretion of jejunal and ileal interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher and intestinal and serum antioxidant indexes were affected by YP and CSE. In YP- and CSE-supplemented animals, serum D-lactate concentration and diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were both increased, and intestinal mRNA expressions of occludin and ZO-1 were reduced as compared to the control animals. In conclusion, YP supplementation in the diets of weaned piglets appears to increase the incidence of diarrhea and has adverse effects on intestinal morphology and barrier function.
Synthesis of Main-Chain-Type Polyrotaxanes by New Click Polymerization Using Homoditopic Nitrile <i>N</i>-Oxides via Rotaxanation−Polymerization Protocol (2010)

Main-chain-type poly[2]rotaxanes (9 and 12) and poly[3]rotaxanes (10 and 13) were synthesized by a new click polymerization using unstable and stable homoditopic nitrile N-oxides according to rotaxanation and polymerization protocol. Rotaxane monomers were prepared from ethynyl-functionalized crown ether and sec-ammonium salt via the typical urethane end-capping protocol. The homoditopic nitrile N-oxide 8′ was generated in situ through the reaction of the corresponding hydroxamoyl chloride 8 with molecular sieves 4 Å. The click polymerization of diethynyl-functionalized [2]rotaxane 5 and [3]rotaxane monomer 7 with 8′ efficiently proceeded in the absence of a catalyst to afford well-defined polyrotaxanes 9 and 10 containing a polyisoxazole backbone in high yields. The polymerization of a newly developed kinetically stabilized homoditopic nitrile N-oxide 11 with rotaxane monomers yielded well-defined polyrotaxanes 12 and 13 in high yields under similar conditions. The structures of poly[2]rotaxanes (9 and 12) and poly[3]rotaxanes (10 and 13) were confirmed by 1H NMR, SEC, and IR analyses. The properties of polyrotaxanes such as solubility and thermal stability were evaluated. These polyrotaxanes showed relatively high thermal stability and good film-forming property based on their good solubility toward ordinary organic solvents.