gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infections. (1991)

Bacterial infections are responsible for serious and often fatal complications in patients with severe acute or chronic liver disease. The most common types of infection are bacteraemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bacterial endocarditis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Defects of humoral and cellular defence mechanisms compromise the patient's ability to resist and overcome infection. The resulting infections spread rapidly to overwhelm the host or precipitate deterioration of renal function, hepatic encephalopathy or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Unfortunately, patients often do not manifest the normal clinical features of infectionthat is, rigors, fever, hypotension, and leucocytosis -and so the only clue may be more subtle changes in the clinical condition such as increase in plasma creatinine. Infection is a potentially curable complication, and is becoming an increasingly important challenge for clinicians and researchers. This article out- lines the clinical problems and reasons for susceptibility to infection in patients with liver disease and the contribution made by the Liver Unit at King's College Hospital to this aspect of hepatology.
Effect of Modifications of Lignosulfonate on Adsorption on Cement and Fresh Concrete Properties (2000)

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Learning intrusion detection based on adaptive bayesian algorithm (2008)

Recent intrusion detection have emerged an important technique for information security systems. Its very important that the security mechanisms for an information system should be designed to prevent unauthorized access of system resources and data. Last few years, many intelligent learning techniques of machine learning applied to the large volumes of complex and dynamic audit data for the construction of efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS). This paper presents, theoretical overview of intrusion detection and a new approach for intrusion detection based on adaptive Bayesian algorithm. This algorithm correctly classify different types of attack of KDD99 benchmark intrusion detection dataset with high detection accuracy in short response time. The experimental result also shows that, this algorithm maximize the detection rate (DR) and minimized the false positive rate (FPR) for intrusion detection.
Myocardial production of chromogranin A in human heart: a new regulatory peptide of cardiac function (2007)

We demonstrate for the first time that CgA is produced by human myocardium and exerts negative inotropic and lusitropic effects on mammalian heart. CgA may represent a key player in neuroendocrine regulation of cardiac function and a potential therapeutic target in heart failure.
Technology Adoption in Online Communities (2009)

The dynamics of technology adoption in real-world social networks have been well documented. However, technology adoption in online communities remains relatively under-explored. In this study, we propose a framework to investigate the dynamics of technology adoption in online communities using behavioral-link data from an open source software development community. Our study complements prior research by building network measures relevant for an online community based on collaboration history data. By addressing the issues of causality and individual heterogeneity between network structure and adoption behavior, we demonstrate a clearer relationship between social networks and technology adoption. We also identify salient differences between real-world and online social networks regarding technology adoption.
Average Spacing for Rings of Individual Multi-ring Basins Is 2.0(0.5)D (1985)

The mathematically regular spacing of the concentric rings of planetary impact basins are examined. It is shown that a constant radial increment of x (sub 0.5) D, where x is about 2.0 and D is ring diameter, separates adjacent statistical groups of rings and arcs of multiring basins on Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. Statistics of spacing for adjacent rings of individual basins on the three planets are presented, and single basins from ring measurements of newly-recognized basins on Mercury and Mars are revised. Analysis of ring rank: ring diameter for adjacent rings of individual basins also yields an average spacing of about 2.0 (sup 0.5) D, specifically (2.01 + or - 0.26) (sup 0.5) D.
Idiopathic Type 1 Diabetes? (2001)

The study by Pinero-Pilona et al. entitled “Idiopathic Type 1 Diabetes in Dallas, Texas: A 5-Year Experience” (1) reports on the features of 80 patients who present with diabetic ketoacidosis, the absence of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and GAD antibodies, or HLA antigens associated with type 1 diabetes. The authors then describe the phenotypic characteristics of 54 patients who had follow-up data. When the study began, the patients had a mean age of 34.8 years and a mean BMI of 31.6 kg/m2 and had lost 12.8 kg body wt. All of the subjects reported type 2 diabetes in first-degree relatives, and …
A remark on algorithm 643: FEXACT (1993)

The network algorithm of Mehta and Patel [ 1986] m currently the best general algorithm for computing exact probabilities in r x c contingency tables with fixed marginals. Given here are some improvements to the network algorithm which speed Its computational performance; and thus increases the size of problems which can be handled, The new code also eliminates some programming restrictions in the old code, Implements the "hybrid" algorithm of Mehta and Patel [1986a], and demonstrates that the exact path length bounds of Joe [ 1988] should always be used in place of the approximate bounds of Mehta and Patel [1986]. The new code can be much faster than the old code m some problems.
Monopulse investigation of drop detachment in pulsed gas metal arc welding (1992)

The drop detachment process in pulsed welding was investigated by a novel, non-continuous method. A pendent drop was formed on a fixed electrode by a low-current arc. The drop was then detached by a single high-current pulse. The detachment process was studied by high-speed filming and by current and voltage measurements. The shielding gas was Ar with various amounts of CO2, O2, H2 and He. Comparative experiments with ordinary pulsed welding were also done. The authors found ample evidence for an upward force on the pendent drop, most likely caused by the recoil force of evaporating metal. The force increases with CO2 concentration, base current and base current duration. The recoil force gives rise to a critical concentration of the molecular additive, above which it is impossible to detach the drop almost regardless of pulse width. This critical concentration decreases with increasing base current and base current duration. It also seems to decrease with increasing dissociation energy of the molecular additive. The drop velocity decreases with increasing CO2 concentration. For 95Ar5CO2 they also present results on the effect of drop mass and pulse current on drop velocity, minimum pulse width for detachment, and shortest detachment time (tdmin). They find evidence for a minimum detachable drop mass being smallest for large pulse currents. In the pulse current range 210-350 A they observe Ip1.7 tdmin=43, and in the range 350-600 A, Ip1.2 tdmin=2.4 (basic SI-units).
Dimethylformamide-Induced Liver Damage among Synthetic Leather Workers (1991)

Prevalence of liver injury associated with dimethylformamide (DMF) exposure was determined. Medical examinations, liver function tests, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) determinations were performed on 183 of 204 (76%) employees of a synthetic leather factory. Air concentrations of solvents were measured with personal samplers and gas chromatography. The concentration of DMF in air to which each worker was exposed was categorized. High exposure concentrations of DMF (i.e., 25-60 ppm) were significantly associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (ALT greater than or equal to 35 IU/l), a result that did not change even after stratification by hepatitis B carrier status. Modeling by logistic regression demonstrated that exposure to high concentrations of DMF was associated with an elevated ALT (p = .01), whereas hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was slightly but independently associated with an elevated ALT (p = .07). In those workers who had normal ALT values, there occurred still significantly higher mean ALT and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, especially among those who were not HBsAg carriers. A significant association existed between elevated CPK levels and exposure to DMF. However, an analysis of the CPK isoenzyme among 143 workers did not reveal any specific damage to muscles. This outbreak of liver injury among synthetic leather workers is ascribed to DMF. It is recommended that the occupational standard for DMF and its toxicity among HBsAg carriers be evaluated further.
Pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder: a review. (2000)

The study of the pathophysiology of seasonal affective disorder (SAD, also known as winter depression) has historically been intimately linked to investigations into the mechanisms of action of light therapy. This paper reviews the studies on the pathophysiology of SAD with emphasis on circadian, neurotransmitter, and genetic hypotheses. There is substantial evidence for circadian phase shift and serotonergic hypotheses, but conflicting results may indicate that SAD is a biologically heterogeneous condition. Recent progress in defining the molecular mechanisms of the human circadian clock and retinal phototransduction of light will provide important new directions for future studies of the etiology and pathophysiology of SAD.
Nitrofurans as Novel Anti-tuberculosis Agents: Identification, Development and Evaluation (2007)

During a search for new anti-tuberculosis agents, a screen of a commercially available library provided a hit nitrofuranyl amide. This hit was selected for further development due to its potential as an anti-tuberculosis agent with a novel mechanism of action, and its potential for activity against both actively growing and latent bacteria. This review covers the optimization of this lead and the strategies applied for developing this series into anti-tuberculosis agents. To optimize the hit, a series of libraries were synthesized, producing several compounds that showed increased anti-tuberculosis activity along with a strong structure activity relationship. The most active compounds from the first optimization series showed good in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity and limited in vivo efficacy, but their application was restricted due to solubility problems. Therefore, a second generation optimization library was designed and synthesized in order to increase bioavailability and solubility while maintaining good anti-tuberculosis activity. Hydrophilic cyclic secondary amines were substituted to the core scaffold and a benzyl piperazine substitution was found to be most effective in achieving improved solubility and potent anti-tuberculosis activity. However, bioactivity studies of these 2nd generation leads showed that the in vivo anti-tuberculosis activity of these compounds was limited due to rapid metabolism. Consequently, a 3rd generation of compounds was designed and synthesized in which potential sites of metabolism were blocked.
Ecological Studies on Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Okinawa, Japan: Litter Production and Nutrient Input (2000)

Patterns of litterfall and nutrient input in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Okinawa, Japan, were studied during May, 1996–April, 1999. The mean annual rate of litterfall in the five sampling plots ranged from 6.84 to 8.93 Mg ha− 1 yr− 1, of which 63.3–68.5% were leaves; 22.4–29.1% woody parts (including branches < 5.0 cm in diameter and bark); 2.8–5.0% sexual organs and 4.6–6.3% miscellaneous material. Significant differences were found among plots and among years. Significantly monthly differences pronounced seasonal patterns in litterfall were observed. Total litterfall and leaf litter showed negative correlations with relative basal area of the dominant species,Castanopsis sieboldii; and showed positive correlations with mean height of the stands. The dominant species,C. sieboldii produced an average of 2.36 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 of leaf litter, which covered 30.5% of the annual litter production, and the nutrient input from those litterfall contributed 32.3, 28.3, 30.2, 22.2, 32.5, and 30.5% of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na, respectively. Nutrient use efficiency in litter production was high, especially for P and K compared with other broad-leaved forests in Japan indicating that P and K may be limiting in Okinawan evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Sensitizes the Capsaicin Receptor Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Receptor 1 to Induce Hyperalgesia (2004)

Inflammatory proteases (mast cell tryptase and trypsins) cleave protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on spinal afferent neurons and cause persistent inflammation and hyperalgesia by unknown mechanisms. We determined whether transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a cation channel activated by capsaicin, protons, and noxious heat, mediates PAR2-induced hyperalgesia. PAR2 was coexpressed with TRPV1 in small- to medium-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), as determined by immunofluorescence. PAR2 agonists increased intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in these neurons in culture, and PAR2-responsive neurons also responded to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin, confirming coexpression of PAR2 and TRPV1. PAR2 agonists potentiated capsaicin-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in TRPV1-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and DRG neurons and potentiated capsaicin-induced currents in DRG neurons. Inhibitors of phospholipase C and protein kinase C (PKC) suppressed PAR2-induced sensitization of TRPV1-mediated changes in [Ca2+]i and TRPV1 currents. Activation of PAR2 or PKC induced phosphorylation of TRPV1 in HEK cells, suggesting a direct regulation of the channel. Intraplantar injection of a PAR2 agonist caused persistent thermal hyperalgesia that was prevented by antagonism or deletion of TRPV1. Coinjection of nonhyperalgesic doses of PAR2 agonist and capsaicin induced hyperalgesia that was inhibited by deletion of TRPV1 or antagonism of PKC. PAR2 activation also potentiated capsaicin-induced release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from superfused segments of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where they mediate hyperalgesia. We have identified a novel mechanism by which proteases that activate PAR2 sensitize TRPV1 through PKC. Antagonism of PAR2, TRPV1, or PKC may abrogate protease-induced thermal hyperalgesia.
Therapeutically Targeting Neuroinflammation and Microglia after Acute Ischemic Stroke (2014)

Inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent studies posit that inflammation acts as a double-edged sword, not only detrimentally augmenting secondary injury, but also potentially promoting recovery. An initial event of inflammation in ischemic stroke is the activation of microglia, leading to production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators acting through multiple receptor signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of microglial mediators in acute ischemic stroke and elaborate on preclinical and clinical studies focused on microglia in stroke models. Understanding how microglia can lead to both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses may be essential to implement therapeutic strategies using immunomodulatory interventions in ischemic stroke.
Pseudobinary and Pseudoquaternary Detection Processes for Linearly Distorted Multilevel QAM Signals (1985)

The paper describes two new detection processes suitable for QAM signals that have 16 or more levels (possible data symbol values) and that have been subjected to linear distortion, causing severe intersymbol interference in the received signal. The detectors are developments of the pseudobinary systems previously described, and are designed to operate in the presence of severe intersymbol interference. Results of computer simulation tests are presented, comparing the tolerances to additive white Gaussian noise of various arrangements of each detector with those of more conventional detectors. The tests have been carried out on a model of a 19 200 bit/s synchronous serial data transmission system, operating with a 64-level QAM signal that is transmitted, in turn, over two different telephone circuits.
Sulfoxide-directed metal-free cross-couplings in the expedient synthesis of benzothiophene-based components of materials (2015)

A metal-free approach combining sulfoxide-directed metal-free C-H cross-couplings with tuneable electrophile-mediated heterocyclizations and carbocyclative dimerizations, allows expedient access to benzothiophene-based systems that are components of important materials or are proven organic materials in their own right. As benzothiophene-based materials are typically prepared using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling processes, our approach allows potential issues of metal cost and supply, and metal-contamination of products, to be avoided.
进行时：每一个今天都值得珍惜——高三有N条奋斗的理由 (2016)

起床跑操吃饭晨读上课吃饭上课吃饭上自习洗澡睡觉……上课偷瞄自己喜欢的人发呆看小说抄满满的笔记累到不行就坐着闭眼……下课捉弄喜欢的人聊天看阳台风景背单词……真搞不懂为什么现在一大群人天天幻想着能回到高三,高三很累很苦的好吗,每天除了上课就是考试,三点一线的生活非常枯燥乏味,连思考人生的时间都没有。看看我们的作息时间表吧,这样的生活你们还想要吗？
SKLB023 Blocks Joint Inflammation and Cartilage Destruction in Arthritis Models via Suppression of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation in Macrophage (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common arthritis and is mainly characterized by symmetric polyarticular joint disorders. Our previous study demonstrated a novel small molecule compound (Z)-N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-(4-((2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene) methyl) phenoxy) acet-amide (SKLB023) showed potently anti-arthritic effects in a rat arthritis model, however, the underlying mechanisms for this are largely unknown. Both NF-κB and macrophages were reported to play important roles in the pathologic processes of RA. The purposes of this study were to indicate whether NF-κB and macrophages contributed to anti-arthritic effects of SKLB023 in two experimental arthritis models. Our results showed that SKLB023 could significantly improve joint inflammation and cartilage destruction both in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. We further found that the binding activation of NF-κB to DNA in joint tissues and RAW264.7 macrophages were suppressed by SKLB023. SKLB023 also inhibited the NF-κB activity in peritoneal macrophages by luciferase assay. Furthermore, the number of macrophages in synovial tissues was decreased after the treatment of different doses of SKLB023. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in plasma, and the levels of TNF-α, NO, and IL-1β in peritoneal macrophages were down-regulated by SKLB023. Finally, SKLB023 attenuated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in vivo and suppressed the phosphorylations of components of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These observations identify a novel function for SKLB023 as an inhibitor of NF-κB in macrophages of RA, highlighting that SKLB023 was a potential therapeutic strategy for RA.
<i>Agrobacterium</i> -Mediated Plant Transformation: the Biology behind the “Gene-Jockeying” Tool (2003)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related Agrobacterium species have been known as plant pathogens since the beginning of the 20th century. However, only in the past two decades has the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA to plant cells been harnessed for the purposes of plant genetic engineering. Since the initial reports in the early 1980s using Agrobacterium to generate transgenic plants, scientists have attempted to improve this "natural genetic engineer" for biotechnology purposes. Some of these modifications have resulted in extending the host range of the bacterium to economically important crop species. However, in most instances, major improvements involved alterations in plant tissue culture transformation and regeneration conditions rather than manipulation of bacterial or host genes. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is a highly complex and evolved process involving genetic determinants of both the bacterium and the host plant cell. In this article, I review some of the basic biology concerned with Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Knowledge of fundamental biological principles embracing both the host and the pathogen have been and will continue to be key to extending the utility of Agrobacterium for genetic engineering purposes.
Molecular effects on inner-shell lifetimes: Possible test of the one-center model of Auger decay (1991)

Experimental 1s linewidths for compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are much greater than those predicted for the free atoms. Using a one-center model, we have determined the effect of molecular composition on the linewidth. The predicted linewidth in methane is 1.7 times that for a carbon atom. Increasing the electronegativity of ligands decreases the predicted linewidth; this result is in contrast to the predictions of the multicenter model [E. Hartmann, J. Phys. B 21, 1173 (1988)]. Except for ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, the theoretical linewidths are in good agreement with experiment.
Pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 as a promising differentiation therapy in embryonal RMS (2014)

These results provide evidence that EZH2 function can be counteracted by pharmacological inhibition in embryonal RMS blocking proliferation even in a pro-proliferative context. They also suggest that this approach could be exploited as a differentiation therapy in adjuvant therapeutic intervention for embryonal RMS.