gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate Analysis and Design of Microstrip Interdigitated Couplers (1976)

The electrical behaviour of interdigitated directional couplers in an inhomogeneous dielectric medium is analyzed. Thanks to the symmetry properties of the device, the concepts of even and odd networks can be applied, leading to simple, closed-form expressions for coupler analysis which compare favourably with experimental results. The same model allows the most important parasitic effects to be understood and quantitatively described. It is shown that the discrepancies between computed and experimental data can be accurately explained in terms of the parasitics arising from junction discontinuities. Finally, design data for alumina-microstrip interdigitated couplers are presented in graphic form.
Agent-based semantic web services (2003)

The Web Services world consists of loosely-coupled distributed systems which adapt to ad-hoc changes by the use of service descriptions that enable opportunistic service discovery. At present, these service descriptions are semantically impoverished, being concerned with describing the functional signature of the services rather than characterising their meaning. In the Semantic Web community, the DAML Services effort attempts to rectify this by providing a more expressive way of describing Web services using ontologies. However, this approach does not separate the domain-neutral communicative intent of a message (considered in terms of speech acts) from its domain-specific content, unlike similar developments from the multi-agent systems community.In this paper, we describe our experiences of designing and building an ontologically motivated Web Services system for situational awareness and information triage in a simulated humanitarian aid scenario. In particular, we discuss the merits of using techniques from the multi-agent systems community for separating the intentional force of messages from their content, and the implementation of these techniques within the DAML Services model.
Synthetic Study of Lipoteichoic Acid of Gram Positive Bacteria. II. Synthesis of the Proposed Fundamental Structure of <i>Enterococcus hirae</i> Lipoteichoic Acid (1994)

Abstract The proposed fundamental structure of Enterococcus hirae lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was synthesized in order to elucidate the chemical structure responsible for the cytokine-inducing activity described for the natural LTA fraction of this bacteria. Synthesis was accomplished by coupling of the glycolipid part with the poly(glycerol phosphate) (PGP) part by using a phosphoramidite method. The glycolipid part was constructed by coupling of the phosphatidic acid moiety with a kojibiosyl diacylglycerol which had been prepared by stepwise glycosidation with glycosyl fluorides. α-Selective glucosidations were effected by virtue of the 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) group introduced at the 6-hydroxyl function. p-Nitrobenzyl (NPM) and p-pivaloylaminobenzyl (PAB) groups were successfully applied to temporary protection of hydroxyl functions.
Single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier system emitting 20 W of power (2001)

We report a master-oscillator fiber power-amplifier system consisting of a diode-pumped monolithic nonplanar ring laser as the master oscillator and a Yb-doped large-mode-area double-clad fiber as the power amplifier. The system emits up to 20.1 W of single-frequency radiation at a wavelength of 1064 nm with diffraction-limited beam quality (M(2)</=1.3) . The optical emission spectrum and amplitude-noise behavior are investigated. Furthermore, the power-scaling possibilities are discussed.
Regulation of Smad7 Promoter by Direct Association with Smad3 and Smad4 (1999)

Smad7 is a regulatory Smad protein that is able to antagonize signal transduction by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and activin receptors. To characterize the regulation of Smad7 at the transcriptional level, we isolated the promoter region of the mouse Smad7 gene. When the Smad7 promoter luciferase reporter gene (-408 and +112 bp) was expressed in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells, its transcriptional activity was increased following TGF-beta or activin treatment. In addition, this region of the Smad7 promoter was stimulated by ectopic expression of Smad3 as well as constitutively active TGF-beta and activin receptors, indicating that Smad7 transcription was modulated by the signaling downstream those two receptors. A gel mobility shift assay indicated that a DNA fragment spanning -408 to -126 base pairs (bp) was able to directly bind purified Smad4. Furthermore, a consensus Smad3-Smad4 binding element (SBE) was discovered in this region of the promoter with a palindromic sequence of GTCTAGAC. A 33-bp Smad7 promoter fragment containing this SBE was able to bind Smad3 and Smad4. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the expression of constitutively active TGF-beta type I receptor was able to induce the formation of a Smad3- and Smad4-containing nuclear protein complex that bound the SBE. In HepG2 cells, TGF-beta1 treatment could induce the formation of an endogenous SBE-binding complex. Taken together, these data provided the first evidence that Smad7 transcription is regulated by TGF-beta and activin signaling through direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to the Smad7 promoter.
ON THE LEARNING OF SYSTEM CALL ATTRIBUTES FOR HOST-BASED ANOMALY DETECTION (2006)

Traditional host-based anomaly detection systems model normal behavior of applications by analyzing system call sequences. The current sequence is then examined (using the model) for anomalous behavior, which could correspond to attacks. Though these techniques have been shown to be quite effective, a key element is missing – the inclusion and utilization of the system call arguments. Recent research shows that sequence-based systems are prone to evasion. We propose an idea of learning different representations for system call arguments. Results indicate that this information can be effectively used for detecting more attacks than traditional sequence-based techniques, with reasonable storage and computational overhead.
Conductividad, oxígeno disuelto, PH y temperatura en el rio Bermudez (Costa Rica) y su relación con el uso del suelo en la cuenca. (1996)

Se examinaron los patrones de variación espacial y temporal de la conductividad, el oxígeno disuelto, el pH y la temperatura en el río Bermúdez, Valle Central, Costa Rica, durante un período de 28 meses. El uso de la tierra más común en la cuenca es el cultivo del café (53%), seguido por el uso urbano (30%), el cual aumenta conforme se desciende hacia el piso del Valle. Si bien las aguas presentan una buena calidad en el área cercana a su origen, donde el uso de la tierra que predomina corresponde a bosque o pastos, a menudo protegidos por medio de parques recreativos, el río sufre un progresivo deterioro conforme desciende y sus aguas se tornan inadecuadas para consumo humano y peligrosas para la salud de las habitantes de la cuenca. La conductividad, el pH y el oxígeno disuelto varían estacionalmente en relación con el régimen de precipitación y el aporte de las aguas de desecho.\nEl río Bermúdez puede considerarse representativo de los ríos del Valle Central. El deterioro de sus aguas ha hecho perder mucho de su atractivo escénico, y el río no puede ser utilizado como fuente de agua potable, ni para actividades agrícolas o recreativas. Los factores contaminantes persisten pues no se ha implementado un manejo adecuado de las aguas negras, no se ha puesto en práctica la legislación existente y vigente para obligar a las industrias a disminuir la contaminación provocada por sus efluentes, y por último, la contaminación orgánica proveniente del beneficiado del café, si bien ha disminuido por la puesta en marcha de políticas institucionales con este fin, continúa siendo de gran magnitud. Las aguas del río continúan siendo utilizadas para irrigar cultivos de hortalizas en la parte baja del río, lo que representa un peligro para la salud humana.
<title>Model-based coding of facial images based on facial muscle motion through isodensity maps</title> (1991)

A model-based coding system has come under serious consideration for the next generation of image coding schemes, aimed at greater efficiency in TV-telephone and TV-conference systems [l]-[5]. In this model-based coding system, the sender’s model image is transmitted and stored at the receiving side before the start of conversation. During the conversation, feature points are extracted from the facial image of the sender, and are transmitted to the receiver. The facial expression of the sender facial is reconstructed from the feature points received and a wireframe model constructed at the receiving side.
Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by large granular lymphocytes stimulated with Candida albicans: role in activation of human neutrophil function (1991)

In the present study, culture supernatants from larger granular lymphocytes (LGL) that were activated with Candida albicans antigens were shown to stimulate the ability of neutrophils to inhibit fungal growth. Identification of the activation factors showed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a hematopoietic growth factor, was involved. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were fractionated by Percoll density centrifugation and each subpopulation of cells was stimulated with C albicans yeast cells. GM-CSF was produced in those fractions enriched for LGL, but not T lymphocytes or adherent monocytes. Additionally, the phenotype of the GM-CSF-producing cell was found to be CD2+, CD16+, HLA-DR+, and negative for CD4, CD8, and CD15. Kinetic studies demonstrated that GM- CSF appeared in the supernatants within 2 days of culture and continued to be produced up to 7 days. Optimal stimulation of LGL was seen at a ratio of 3 heat-killed C albicans yeast cells per LGL. Thus, LGL play an important role in host defense against this opportunistic pathogen by producing cytokines, including GM-CSF, which in turn activates the fungicidal activity of neutrophils.
Investigation of Influenza Virus Polymerase Activity in Pig Cells (2012)

Reassortant influenza viruses with combinations of avian, human, and/or swine genomic segments have been detected frequently in pigs. As a consequence, pigs have been accused of being a "mixing vessel" for influenza viruses. This implies that pig cells support transcription and replication of avian influenza viruses, in contrast to human cells, in which most avian influenza virus polymerases display limited activity. Although influenza virus polymerase activity has been studied in human and avian cells for many years by use of a minigenome assay, similar investigations in pig cells have not been reported. We developed the first minigenome assay for pig cells and compared the activities of polymerases of avian or human influenza virus origin in pig, human, and avian cells. We also investigated in pig cells the consequences of some known mammalian host range determinants that enhance influenza virus polymerase activity in human cells, such as PB2 mutations E627K, D701N, G590S/Q591R, and T271A. The two typical avian influenza virus polymerases used in this study were poorly active in pig cells, similar to what is seen in human cells, and mutations that adapt the avian influenza virus polymerase for human cells also increased activity in pig cells. In contrast, a different pattern was observed in avian cells. Finally, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 polymerase activity was tested because this subtype has been reported to replicate only poorly in pigs. H5N1 polymerase was active in swine cells, suggesting that other barriers restrict these viruses from becoming endemic in pigs.
Interpreting High Precision Coulometry Results on Li-ion Cells (2011)

The High Precision Charger at Dalhousie University can be used to accurately measure the Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and the charge and discharge capacity endpoint slippages per cycle (Δ d and Δ c , respectively) of Li-ion full cells and Li/electrode half cells. If the CE is not exactly 1.0000 and the endpoints slip then this must be due to parasitic reactions between the electrode materials and the electrolyte in the cell. The various parasitic currents and charges associated with: solid electrolyte interface growth; electrolyte oxidation; transition metal dissolution and positive electrode damage are considered using a Li inventory model. The mathematical relations between the parasitic currents and the measured CE, Δ d and Δ c are derived. Example data collected on both Li/graphite, Li/LiCoO 2 half cells as well as both graphite/LiCoO 2 and graphite/LiMn 2 O 4 Li-ion cells are used to illustrate how high precision coulometry results can be used to help elucidate cell degradation mechanisms.
Dictionary of Agricultural and Environmental Science (2003)

An accurate and comprehensive dictionary of terms used in the agricultural and environmental sciences. It includes many biological, chemical and health terms that are important to a full understanding of the subject fields. Presenting thousands of entries with up-to-date definitions and designations of usage, the dictionary has been developed by two academics specializing in soil science and environmental issues.
A neural network model for the mechanism of pattern information processing (1986)

We propose a new multilayered neural network model which has the ability of rapid self‐organization. This model is a modified version of the cognitron. It has modifiable inhibitory feedback connections, as well as conventional modifiable excitatory feedforward connections, between the cells of adjoining layers. We also discuss the role of context information for pattern recognition, and propose a symbol‐processing model which can send the context signal to the pattern‐recognizing network.
CheckViz: Sanity Check and Topological Clues for Linear and Non‐Linear Mappings (2010)

Abstract Multidimensional scaling is a must‐have tool for visual data miners, projecting multidimensional data onto a two‐dimensional plane. However, what we see is not necessarily what we think about. In many cases, end‐users do not take care of scaling the projection space with respect to the multidimensional space. Anyway, when using non‐linear mappings, scaling is not even possible. Yet, without scaling geometrical structures which might appear do not make more sense than considering a random map. Without scaling, we shall not make inference from the display back to the multidimensional space. No clusters, no trends, no outliers, there is nothing to infer without first quantifying the mapping quality. Several methods to qualify mappings have been devised. Here, we propose CheckViz, a new method belonging to the framework of Verity Visualization. We define a two‐dimensional perceptually uniform colour coding which allows visualizing tears and false neighbourhoods, the two elementary and complementary types of geometrical mapping distortions, straight onto the map at the location where they occur. As examples shall demonstrate, this visualization method is essential to help users make sense out of the mappings and to prevent them from over interpretations. It could be applied to check other mappings as well.
An Experimental Parametric Study of Air-Based Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles (2017)

This paper develops an experimental platform and performs a parametric study of an air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) for electric vehicles. A flexible experimental platform with ten battery cells is built up to investigate how key BTMS design parameters affect the battery thermal performance. Three design parameters are studied in this paper, including the mass flow rate of cooling air, the heat flux from the battery cells to the cooling air, and the passage spacing size. To evaluate the thermal performance of the battery system, two metrics (i.e., the maximum temperature rise and the maximum temperature Uniformity) are used. A design of experiments (here 30 groups) are conducted to analyze how the three key design parameters affect the thermal performance of the BTMS. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of the BTMS is also performed to compare and help explain the experimental results. Both the experimental and CFD simulation results shows that: (i) decreasing the mass flow rate may deteriorate the thermal performance of the battery module; (ii) increasing the heat flux and enlarging the passage spacing size also deteriorate the battery thermal performance.
Grundbegriffe (1975)

Wirtschaften ist planmäßige menschliche Tätigkeit, um Bedürfnisse mit naturgegeben knappen Mitteln so weit wie möglich zu befriedigen.
Anticorrosion Behaviors of Quaternary Polyethyleneimine in Acidic Environment (2009)

Polymeric compounds are of great interest as corrosion inhibitors in acidic environment due to their inherent stability. Polymeric film is effectively used for the protection of metals partly owing to their capacity to act as a physical barrier between the metal surface and the corrosive environment. In this paper, a cation polyelectrolyte inhibitor (Quaternary Polyethyleneimine, QPEI) was prepared. The quality and inhibition efficiency of QPEI self-adsorbed films were studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The compositions and morphologies of the polymer film on the steel surface were examined with the aids of SEM and XPS, respectively. The results showed that QPEI could greatly retard the corrosion of iron in sulfuric acid, which was attributed mainly to the protective QPEI film formed on the surface. Meanwhile, the inhibition of QPEI could be supposed as a mixed process, in which both cathodic and anodic corrosions were simultaneously restrained. Based on the results of XPS and SEM, it could be evidenced that the QPEI can form a protective polymer layer on the metal surface by adsorption.
Human Liver-Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Kinetic and Physicochemical Properties<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman Liver-Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Kinetic and Physicochemical Properties*Jean-Pierre von Wartburg, J. L. Bethune, and Bert L. ValleeCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 11, 1775–1782Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00899a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00899a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1025Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of novel ultrathin polyimide fibers via sol–gel process and electrospinning (2012)

Abstract Ultrathin polyimide fibers were prepared using the organoalkoxysilanes (3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)succinic anhydride (TESP‐SA) and (3‐amino)propyl triethoxysilane (APTES). In the first step, a viscous solution of the corresponding poly(amic) acid (PAA) was produced and electrospun at various high voltages. The fiber diameter distributions of the as‐prepared fibers were measured. The thermal imidization at 220°C resulted in the formation of an organic–inorganic hybrid polyimide fiber assembly as shown by FTIR/ATR. Surface morphology was investigated by means of SEM images. TGA measurements made evident that the prepared fibers begin to decompose at 380°C. XRPD pattern of the fibers revealed that a certain ladder‐like order exists in the fibers. The water vapor absorption of the thermally (220°C) treated ultrathin polyimide fibers was evaluated. The fiber assemblies treated at 110°C were water soluble, whereas those treated at 220°C were insoluble in water and organic solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Types and functions of ultrasonic vocalizations in laboratory rats and mice. (2007)

Many laboratory rodents emit ultrasonic vocalizations. The purpose of this review is to highlight the types and functions of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by laboratory rats and mice. Rats emit 3 types of ultrasonic vocalizations, depending on the animal's age, its environmental conditions, and its affective state. Rat pups emit a 40-kHz vocalization when they are separated from their mothers. Adult rats emit a 22-kHz vocalization in anticipation of inescapable aversive stimuli. These two types of vocalizations reflect a negative affective state of the animal. Rats produce a 50-kHz vocalization under nonaversive conditions, and these vocalizations reflect a positive affective state of the animal. Adult mice produce several different types of ultrasonic calls that can be classified as different syllables. Mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations during nonaggressive interactions, particularly during mating behaviors, but these vocalizations are not indicators of negative or positive affect. Therefore, the function of ultrasonic vocalizations in adult mice is likely only to facilitate or inhibit social interactions. Understanding the types and functions of ultrasonic vocalizations emitted by laboratory rodents may enable researchers and animal care personnel to use vocalizations as an indicator of an animal's behavior and affect.
Clinical performance of esthetic posterior crowns in primary molars: a pilot study. (2000)

The esthetic crowns assessed had several inconveniences, as they resulted in poor gingival health, are very expensive, and, although not measured, are bulky and without a natural appearance.
On the Hydrodynamics of Tandem-Hull Marine Vehicles (1986)

The development of ship-shape marine vehicles in naval architecture and semisubmersibles in offshore engineering has proceeded along separate lines with each type of vessel being used for quite different operational needs. A tandem-hull marine vehicle offers a design that bridges the gap in between with a hydrodynamic performance that includes the desirable characteristics of both ships and semisubmersibles for floating oil production applications. A tandem-hull vessel consists of a fully submerged hull positioned a small distance below a surface-piercing hull with interhull bracing connections between the two. However, there are a number of unifying considerations which suggest that all three types of vessels can be regarded as part of a wider family of hull shapes. This paper presents a survey of floating vessel designs to illustrate this point and to highlight the position of a tandem hull as being a design midway between ship and semisubmersible. Leading particulars of the surveyed vessels are manipulated into nondimensional ratios and plotted to show their relationship with each other. The paper also presents a simplified hydrodynamic analysis for heave motion of a tandem hull to highlight the main features underlying its hydrodynamic behavior. The tandem-hull design is also analyzed in detail by a more exact diffraction theory based analysis for wave-induced motions and interhull forces. These predicted motions and forces are compared with data from 1: 75 scale model tests. The analyses and model tests are used to illustrate the principal features that govern hydrodynamic behavior of tandem-hull marine vehicles and that lead to some of their operational advantages as floating oil production vessels.