gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplification at 11q23 targets protein kinase SIK2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2010)

In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), several recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been described where the presumed target genes remain unknown, including gain/amplification at 11q23-24. Here, we characterized amplification at 11q23 in the DLBCL cell line KARPAS-422. Quantitative genomic PCR and FISH analysis were used to define the region altered, thus showing an amplification peak at 111.1 Mb, the region hosting SIK2/SNF1LK2. Expression profiling, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytology identified overexpression of SIK2, highlighting this gene as a likely key target of 11q23 amplification. SIK2 encodes a protein kinase that has been shown to inhibit transcription factor CREB via phosphorylation of its cofactor TORC2/CRTC2. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated downregulation of SIK2 expression resulted in upregulation of the CREB target gene BIM. Functional analysis by treatments with cAMP, the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose revealed a regulatory role for SIK2 in survival and glucose metabolism, respectively. However, overexpression of SIK2 was not detectable in primary DLBCL samples. Nevertheless, identification of SIK2 as an amplification target highlights this kinase along with its regulatory network as potential therapeutic targets in DLBCL.
Evaluation method of lead measurement accuracy of gears using a wedge artefact (2009)

The reduction of the vibration and noise of gears is an important issue in mechanical devices such as vehicles and wind turbines. The characteristics of the vibration and noise of gears are markedly affected by deviations of the tooth flank form of micrometre order; therefore, a strict quality control of the tooth flank form is required. The accuracy of the lead measurement for a gear-measuring instrument is usually evaluated using a master gear or a lead master. However, it is difficult to manufacture masters with high accuracy because the helix is a complicated geometrical form. In this paper, we propose a method of evaluating a gear-measuring instrument using a wedge artefact, which includes a highly precise plane surface. The concept of the wedge artefact is described and a mathematical model of the measuring condition of the wedge artefact is constructed. Theoretical measurement results for the wedge artefact are calculated. The wedge artefact is designed and produced on the basis of the theoretical measurement results. A measurement experiment using the wedge artefact is carried out and its effectiveness is verified.
Electronic sorting and recovery of single live cells from microlitre sized samples (2005)

Sorting and recovering specific live cells from samples containing less than a few thousand cells have become major hurdles in rare cell exploration such as stem cell research, cell therapy and cell based diagnostics. We describe here a new technology based on a microelectronic chip integrating an array of over 100,000 independent electrodes and sensors which allow individual and parallel single cell manipulation of up to 10,000 cells while maintaining viability and proliferation capabilities. Manipulation is carried out using dynamic dielectrophoretic traps controlled by an electronic interface. We also demonstrate the capabilities of the chip by sorting and recovering individual live fluorescent cells from an unlabeled population.
Targeting the Human Papillomavirus E6 and E7 Oncogenes through Expression of the Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 E2 Protein Stimulates Cellular Motility (2011)

Expression of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes is essential for the initiation and maintenance of cervical cancer. The repression of both was previously shown to result in activation of their respective tumor suppressor targets, p53 and pRb, and subsequent senescence induction in cervical cancer cells. Consequently, viral oncogene suppression is a promising approach for the treatment of HPV-positive tumors. One well-established method of E6/E7 repression involves the reexpression of the viral E2 protein which is usually deleted in HPV-positive cancer cells. Here, we show that, surprisingly, bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) E2 but not RNA interference-mediated E6/E7 repression in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells stimulates cellular motility and invasion. Migration correlated with the dynamic formation of cellular protrusions and was dependent upon cell-to-cell contact. While E2-expressing migratory cells were senescent, migration was not a general feature of cellular senescence or cell cycle arrest and was specifically observed in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Interestingly, E2-expressing cells not only were themselves motile but also conferred increased motility to admixed HeLa cervical cancer cells. Together, our data suggest that repression of the viral oncogenes by E2 stimulates the motility of E6/E7-targeted cells as well as adjacent nontargeted cancer cells, thus raising the possibility that E2 expression may unfavorably increase the local invasiveness of HPV-positive tumors.
Multiparameter full waveform inversion of multicomponent ocean-bottom-cable data from the Valhall field. Part 2: imaging compressive-wave and shear-wave velocities (2013)

Multiparameter elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) is a promising technology that allows inferences to be made on rock and fluid properties, which thus narrows the gap between seismic imaging and reservoir characterization. Here, we assess the feasibility of 2-D vertical transverse isotropic visco-elastic FWI of wide-aperture multicomponent ocean-bottom-cable data from the Valhall oil field. A key issue is to design a suitable hierarchical data-driven and model-driven FWI workflow, the aim of which is to reduce the nonlinearity of the FWI. This nonlinearity partly arises because the shear (S) wavespeed can have a limited influence on seismic data in marine environments. In a preliminary stage, visco-acoustic FWI of the hydrophone component is performed to build a compressional (P)-wave velocity model, a density model and a quality-factor model, which provide the necessary background models for the subsequent elastic inversion. During the elastic FWI, the P and S wavespeeds are jointly updated in two steps. First, the hydrophone data are inverted to mainly update the long-tointermediate wavelengths of the S wavespeeds from the amplitude-versus-offset variations of the P-P reflections. This S-wave velocity model is used as an improved starting model for the subsequent inversion of the better-resolving data recorded by the geophones. During these two steps, the P-wave velocity model is marginally updated, which supports the relevance of the visco-acoustic FWI results. Through seismic modelling, we show that the resulting viscoelastic model allows several P-to-S converted phases recorded on the horizontal-geophone component to be matched. Several elastic quantities, such as the Poisson ratio, and the ratio and product between the P and S wavespeeds, are inferred from the P-wave and S-wave velocity models. These attributes provide hints for the interpretation of an accumulation of gas below lithological barriers.
IFI16 senses DNA forms of the lentiviral replication cycle and controls HIV-1 replication (2013)

Replication of lentiviruses generates different DNA forms, including RNA:DNA hybrids, ssDNA, and dsDNA. Nucleic acids stimulate innate immune responses, and pattern recognition receptors detecting dsDNA have been identified. However, sensors for ssDNA have not been reported, and the ability of RNA:DNA hybrids to stimulate innate immune responses is controversial. Using ssDNAs derived from HIV-1 proviral DNA, we report that this DNA form potently induces the expression of IFNs in primary human macrophages. This response was stimulated by stem regions in the DNA structure and was dependent on IFN-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), which bound immunostimulatory DNA directly and activated the stimulator of IFN genes -TANK-binding kinase 1 - IFN regulatory factors 3/7 (STING-TBK1-IRF3/7) pathway. Importantly, IFI16 colocalized and associated with lentiviral DNA in the cytoplasm in macrophages, and IFI16 knockdown in this cell type augmented lentiviral transduction and also HIV-1 replication. Thus, IFI16 is a sensor for DNA forms produced during the lentiviral replication cycle and regulates HIV-1 replication in macrophages.
T-20 and Trimeris. (1998)

Trimeris, Inc. is developing a new class of HIV treatment, T-20 (pentafuside), known as a fusion inhibitor. Using a viral sequence from the actual HIV virus, researchers developed T-20 (a 36-amino acid portion of gp41) to inhibit the virus from binding to, entering, and infecting healthy cells. T-20 also blocks infected cells from fusing with uninfected cells. T-20 shows a high degree of antiviral activity, no toxicity, and a low chance of developing cross resistance. It is effective against all known strains of HIV-1 and the technology may lead to development of drugs effective against other enveloped viruses. Viral resistance is not likely to develop because T-20 was produced from a segment of the HIV virus that is constant from one strain to another. Additionally, the T-20 sequence in gp41 has to bind to a complementary sequence in gp41, ruling out most mutations that cause resistance because they are unlikely to occur in matched pairs. T-20 is targeted to be dispensed continuously by a portable infusion pump, reducing how much T-20 is needed. A phase I trial of four patients showed increased CD4 counts for larger doses, 30 mg and 100mg doses, but not at smaller doses. A larger trial of forty patients who have failed at least one protease inhibitor is planned. Further trials are proposed for children, treatment-naive adults, and adults with high viral loads. T-20 can also be used for short-term treatment to reduce drug side effects or to prevent maternal/fetal transmission early in gestation. Trimeris will apply for marketing approval early in 2000.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies and Chronic Rejection: From Association to Causation (2008)

Considerable research has established an association between human leukocyte antigen antibodies and chronic rejection. Two new major developments now provide evidence that this relationship is in fact causative. First, recent studies of serial serum samples of 346 kidney transplant patients from four transplant centers show that de novo antibodies, can be detected before rejection. Moreover, serial testing revealed that when antibodies were not present, 528 patient years of good function was demonstrable in 149 patients. Second, among 90 patients whose grafts chronically failed, 86% developed antibodies before failure. To assess the likelihood of a causal link, we applied the nine widely accepted Bradford Hill criteria and conclude that the evidence supports a causal connection between human leukocyte antigen antibodies and chronic rejection. The clinical implication is significant because we hope this review will stimulate centers to begin the one remaining task of showing that antibody removal will indeed prevent chronic failure.
Making handwritten archives documents accessible to public with a generic system of document image analysis (2004)

We present annotations needed for handwritten archive document retrieval by content. We propose two complementary ways of producing those annotations: automatically by using document image analysis and collectively by using Internet and a manual input by users. A platform for managing those annotations is presented as well as examples of automatic annotations on civil status registers, military forms (tested on 60000 pages) and naturalization decrees, using a generic document recognition method. Examples of collective annotations built on automatic annotations are also given. This platform will be officially open to public on Internet and inside the new building of the Archives departementales des Yvelines in December 2003. 1200000 images of civil status registers will be available for collective annotation as well as 35000 pages of military forms with automatic annotation of handwritten names.
A new urea gelator: incorporation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding for stable 1D self-assembly (2003)

A new bisurea gelator derived from 2,6-diaminopyridine has been developed. It efficiently gelates common organic and liquid crystalline (LC) solvents by forming elongated self-assembled fibres in solvents. X-Ray crystallography and 1H NMR measurements reveal that two urea groups in pyridine-based bisurea compounds form different hydrogen bonding patterns. One of two urea units is involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding with the pyridyl nitrogen, while the other urea unit forms bifurcated intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This hydrogen-bonded structure is key for the fibrous self-assembly along with the efficient gelation. In addition, LC gels based on the pyridine-based gelator exhibit good electrooptic properties. These results indicate that the pyridine-based bisurea compound is a good gelator not only effective in gelation but also useful as a component of functional soft materials.
Local Government in the UK: An Historical Perspective (1988)

Nigel Healey and Bob Leach of Leeds Polytechnic Policy Research Unit put the current controversies over local government into historical perspective.
Iterative Tree Search Detection for MIMO Wireless Systems (2005)

This paper presents a reduced-complexity soft-input soft-output detection scheme, called iterative tree search detection, for multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication systems employing turbo processing at the receiver. In this scheme, a reduced search space is selected with the aid of the M-algorithm, and QAM signal constellations with block partitionable labels are used in order to make the detection complexity per bit almost independent of the modulation order, as well as asymptotically linear in the number of transmit antennas. Results from computer simulations are presented which demonstrate the capability of the scheme to approach optimal performance at considerably reduced complexity.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as a New Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

SGLT2 inhibitors are showing promise as a useful addition to the current therapeutic options in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results of ongoing phase III clinical trials are awaited and will determine whether the risk-benefit ratio will allow approval of this new class of drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Increased morbidity and mortality in acute human organophosphate-poisoned patients treated by oximes: a meta-analysis of clinical trials (2006)

Organophosphates are one of the most common causes of poisoning, especially in the Third world, with high morbidity and mortality. The treatment of this type of poisoning involves the use of atropine and oximes. Atropine has been used successfully in large doses to counteract the muscarinic effects of organophosphate poisoning, but the efficacy of oximes in the management of this poisoning remains under question. In this study, we undertook a meta-analysis by reviewing all clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of oximes in the management of organophosphate poisoning. The databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and the search engine of Google were searched for all clinical trials on the use of oximes in organophosphate poisoning. The inclusion criteria were death, development of intermediate syndrome, and need for ventilation. Six clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the metaanalysis. The chi2 tests for heterogeneity (P = 0.25, 0.16, and 0.33, respectively) indicated that the included studies were not significantly heterogeneous and could be combined. A significant relative risk (P = 0.0017) for death among oxime-exposed was 2.17 (95% CI of 1.34-3.51). The 'need for ventilation' in patients who received oxime was higher (P = 0.03) than those who did not receive oxime with a relative risk of 1.53 (1.16-2.02). The incidence of 'intermediate syndrome' for oxime-exposed patients was significantly higher (P = 0.01) than oxime non-exposed patients with a relative risk of 1.57 (95% CI 1.11-2.11). It can be concluded that oximes are not effective in the management of organophosphate-poisoned patients and, surprisingly, they can be dangerous and worsen the patient's clinical situation.
Immunity Benefits from a Little Suppression (2008)

Regulatory T cells thought to limit the extent of an inflammatory response to viral infection can actually optimize the response by redirecting it to sites of infection.
Human Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells Protect Against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice (2012)

SHED transplantation into the HI-injured brain resulted in remarkable neurological and pathophysiological recovery. Our findings indicate that paracrine factors derived from SHED support a neuroprotective microenvironment in the HI brain. SHED graft and SHED-conditioned medium may provide a novel neuroprotective therapy for HI.
An expedient route to heterocycles through α-arylation of ketones and arylamides by microwave induced thermal S<sub>RN</sub>1 reactions (2014)

Quick reaction by microwave irradiation promotes nucleophilic substitution by thermally induced electron transfer mechanism and allows to synthesize deoxibenzoin and indol heterocycles derivates by inter or intramolecular ring closure.
Asymptotic probability extraction for non-normal distributions of circuit performance (2005)

While process variations are becoming more significant with each new IC technology generation, they are often modeled via linear regression models so that the resulting performance variations can be captured via normal distributions. Nonlinear (e.g. quadratic) response surface models can be utilized to capture larger scale process variations; however, such models result in non-normal distributions for circuit performance which are difficult to capture since the distribution model is unknown. In this paper we propose an asymptotic probability extraction method, APEX, for estimating the unknown random distribution when using nonlinear response surface modeling. APEX first uses a binomial moment evaluation to efficiently compute the high order moments of the unknown distribution, and then applies moment matching to approximate the characteristic function of the random circuit performance by an efficient rational function. A simple statistical timing example and an analog circuit example demonstrate that APEX can provide better accuracy than Monte Carlo simulation with 10 samples and achieve orders of magnitude more efficiency. We also show the error incurred by the popular normal modeling assumption using standard IC technologies.
Manufacture of an Integrated Three-Dimensional Structure Nozzle Plate Using Microinjection Molding for a 1200-dpi Inkjet Printhead (2009)

This paper presents an integrated microtechnology for the fabrication of a 3-D structure nozzle plate for a 1200-dots-per-inch (dpi) inkjet printhead. The 3-D structure nozzle plate contains a fluidic channel, nozzle chamber, and 432 conical nozzles whose taper angle is about 9deg-11deg to vertical. When the integrated 3-D structure nozzle plate is packaged onto the printhead, there is no need for alignment between the nozzle and the ink chamber, as there is when conventional production methods are employed. Therefore, misalignment of the nozzle and ink chamber is avoided, thereby reducing the cost by up to 50%, as well as greatly improving the print quality. This paper demonstrated the integration of excimer laser technology and microinjection molding to fabricate a 3-D structure nozzle plate. Excimer laser technology was used to create the high aspect ratio pattern with a tapered angle structure, and then, high-hardness Ni-Co alloy microelectroforming technology was used to achieve micromold insertion of the nozzle plate. In the microinjection molding, a variotherm control system was utilized for rapid heating to the mold temperature, which must be close to the glass temperature to ensure a good replication of the nozzle plate. The experiment resulted in the fabrication of a 3-D structure nozzle plate 2.7 mm in width and 10.8 mm in length. The total thickness was not more than 80 plusmn2 mum (ink channels, nozzle chamber, and nozzle plate), and the diameter and pitch of the nozzle holes were 25 plusmn2 mum for the outlet, 43 plusmn2 mum for the inlet, 84 plusmn2 mum in pitch, and 30 plusmn2 mum for the ink channel. Using this 3-D structure nozzle plate improved the competitiveness of the inkjet printhead. We have demonstrated the manufacture of the main parts of the 3-D structure nozzle plate for a 1200-dpi printhead; the aforementioned fabrication process yields satisfactory results and can be applied to commercial production.
Silicon Photonic Filters for Compact High Extinction Ratio Power Efficient (CHERPe) Transmitters§ (2015)

We experimentally investigate integrated photonic microring resonator filters as frequency windows in CHERPe transmitters. The impact of filter-order on optical loss, power handling, modulation extinction ratio enhancement, and waveform distortion is assessed.
Improvement of adhesive properties of plastics by radiation graft polymerization (1965)

Epoxy compounds such as allyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, and Epicote 812, which are not polymerizable by irradiation, were irradiated by γ-rays to a total dose of 1 × 107−2 × 108r, and decomposition of epoxy radicals was examined. The result showed that epoxy radicals are more or less radiation-resistant and for the greater part remain unchanged. Methacryl glycidyl ester, which is polymerizable by irradiation, was radiation-grafted to polyethylene and to polytetrafluoroethylene by simultaneous irradiation with γ-rays, and the degree of grafting was checked. Two sheets of radiation-graft polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene were bonded with epoxy resin adhesives containing polyamide hardener, and bond strength was examined. This showed that the bond strength of grafted polymer is larger than that of the nongrafted one.
GAS RECOMBINATION SYSTEM OF THE LOS ALAMOS HOMOGENEOUS REACTOR (1952)

future experimental power reactors. The benefits of developing radiation resistant structural materials, insulators, and tritium handling systems suitable for use in fusion reactors would be substantial and far outweigh the nominal environmental impacts associated with construction and operation of this facility. The principal environmental impacts of the proposed facility result from routine construction activities including clearing approximately six acres of land for the building, parking areas and an access road. Liquid waste discharges consist primarily of cooling tower blowdown during operations. Significantly contaminated liquid and solid waste will be disposed at the existing LASL waste disposal area. Very small quantities (less than 100 curies per year) of tritium and traces of other radioactivity will result in site boundary doses not exceeding 5 mrem per year, or less than 5 percent of applicable radiation protection guidelines and less than 5 percent of the natural radiation background from naturally occurring radioactivity. Alternatives considered included abandoning or postponing the project, selecting alternative designs, and selecting alternative locations for the facility.