gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Increases Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Content and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated FSH Release from Coho Salmon Pituitary Cells In Vitro1 (2000)

The effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin on the function of coho salmon gonadotropes in vitro were investigated. Dispersed pituitary cells from immature coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were incubated with IGF-I for 1, 3, 7, or 10 days, then incubated with salmon GnRH for an additional 24 h. Medium FSH content before and after GnRH treatment and intracellular FSH content after GnRH treatment were measured. Incubation of pituitary cells with IGF-I for 7 or 10 days increased GnRH-stimulated FSH release and remaining cell content, but did not affect basal release. To examine the specificity of the effects of IGF-I, we compared FSH release and cell content of FSH and LH after 10-day incubation with a range of concentrations of IGF-I or insulin. Incubation with physiological concentrations of IGF-I resulted in significantly higher GnRH-stimulated FSH release and remaining cell content of FSH and LH. Conversely, supraphysiological concentrations of insulin were required to produce more moderate effects on gonadotropin levels. These results suggest that elevation of gonadotropin levels by IGF-I may be one mechanism by which somatic growth and nutrition promote pubertal development in salmon.
High Performance GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors on Low Resistivity Silicon for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Band Applications (2015)

This letter reports the RF performance of a 0.3-μm gate length AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT realized on a 150-mm diameter low-resistivity (LR) (σ <; 10 Ω · cm) silicon substrate. Short circuit current gain (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) and maximum frequency of oscillation (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> ) of 55 and 121 GHz, respectively, were obtained. To our knowledge, these are the highest f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> values reported to date for GaN HEMTs on LR silicon substrates.
Preparation and Characterization of Translocator/Chaperone Complexes and Their Component Proteins from <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (2007)

Shigella flexneri causes a severe form of bacillary dysentery also known as shigellosis. Onset of shigellosis requires bacterial invasion of colonic epithelial cells which is initiated by the delivery of translocator and effector proteins to the host cell membrane and cytoplasm, respectively, by the Shigella type III secretion system (TTSS). The Shigella translocator proteins, IpaB and IpaC, form a pore complex in the host cell membrane to facilitate effector delivery; however, prior to their secretion IpaB and IpaC are partitioned in the bacterial cytoplasm by association with the cytoplasmic chaperone IpgC. To determine their structural and biophysical properties, recombinant IpaB/IpgC and IpaC/IpgC complexes were prepared for their first detailed in vitro analysis. Both IpaB/IpgC and IpaC/IpgC complexes are highly stable and soluble heterodimers whose formation prevents IpaB-IpaC interaction as well as Ipa-dependent disruption of phospholipid membranes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that IpgC binding has a detectable influence on IpaC secondary/tertiary structure and stability. In contrast, IpaB structure is not as dramatically affected by chaperone binding. To more precisely ascertain the influence of chaperone binding on IpaC structure and stability, single tryptophan mutants were generated for detailed fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. These mutants provide a low-resolution picture of how IpaC exists in the Shigella cytoplasm with chaperone binding possibly involving distinct regions within the N- and C-terminal halves of IpaC. This preliminary assessment of the IpaC-IpgC interaction is supported by initial deletion mutagenesis studies. The data provide the first structural analysis of IpgC association with IpaB and IpaC.
The Variation of the Elastic Constants of Crystalline Aluminum with Temperature between 63°K and 773°K (1953)

The composite piezoelectric oscillator is employed to measure the adiabatic elastic moduli of crystalline aluminum over the temperature interval 63\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 773\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The data permit a valid extrapolation to 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The Debye characteristic temperature of aluminum at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, computed with these data, is 439\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Various novel procedures designed to facilitate the use of the method are described.
Non-invasive investigation of inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

The assessment of inflammatory activity in intestinal disease in man can be done using a variety of different techniques. These range from the use of non-invasive acute phase inflammatory markers measured in plasma such as C reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (both of which give an indirect assessment of disease activity) to the direct assessment of disease activity by intestinal biopsy performed during endoscopy in association with endoscopic scoring systems. Both radiology and endoscopy are conventional for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However these techniques have severe limitations when it comes to assessing functional components of the disease such as activity and prognosis. Here we briefly review the value of two emerging intestinal function tests. Intestinal permeability, although ideally suited for diagnostic screening for small bowel Crohn's disease, appears to give reliable predictive data for imminent relapse of small bowel Crohn's disease and it can be used to assess responses to treatment. More significantly it is now clear that single stool assay of neutrophil specific proteins (calprotectin, lactoferrin) give the same quantitative data on intestinal inflammation as the 4 day faecal excretion of 111Indium labelled white cells. Faecal calprotectin is shown to be increased in over 95% of patients with IBD and correlates with clinical disease activity. It reliably differentiates between patients with IBD and irritable bowel syndrome. More importantly, at a given faecal calprotectin concentration in patients with quiescent IBD, the test has a specificity and sensitivity in excess of 85% in predicting clinical relapse of disease. This suggests that relapse of IBD is closely related to the degree of intestinal inflammation and suggests that targeted treatment at an asymptomatic stage of the disease may be indicated.
Chromatin Remodeling around Nucleosome-Free Regions Leads to Repression of Noncoding RNA Transcription (2010)

Nucleosome-free regions (NFRs) at the 5' and 3' ends of genes are general sites of transcription initiation for mRNA and noncoding RNA (ncRNA). The presence of NFRs within transcriptional regulatory regions and the conserved location of transcription start sites at NFRs strongly suggest that the regulation of NFRs profoundly affects transcription initiation. To date, multiple factors are known to facilitate transcription initiation by positively regulating the formation and/or size of NFRs in vivo. However, mechanisms to repress transcription by negatively regulating the size of NFRs have not been identified. We identified four distinct classes of NFRs located at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, within open reading frames (ORFs), and far from ORFs. The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme Isw2 was found enriched at all classes of NFRs. Analysis of RNA levels also demonstrated Isw2 is required to repress ncRNA transcription from many of these NFRs. Thus, by the systematic annotation of NFRs across the yeast genome and analysis of ncRNA transcription, we established, for the first time, a mechanism by which NFR size is negatively regulated to repress ncRNA transcription from NFRs. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that one biological consequence of repression of ncRNA, by Isw2 or by the exosome, is prevention of transcriptional interference of mRNA.
Dynamic Visual Field of Driver with Safety Driving (2000)

The drivers continuos to apperceive and judge moving and static objects outside automobile. To apperceive scope is very important for driving safety. Even though static visual field scope is similar, dynamic visual field scatter being greater. The result shown that static visual field cannot completely reflect practicality visual levels. Test of dynamic visual field for drivers shows significately difference between accident group and non accident group ( p 0.05). Static visual field for drivers don't exit difference between accident group and non accident group ( p 0.05). It proposes relation between dynamic visual field and maximal safety driving speed.
Physical and Chemical Variations in the Discharge of a Flowing Well <sup>a</sup> (1967)

Observations of temperature, pll, specific conduction, and discharge, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium. lithium, and sodium in the discharge of a flowing well reveal that geochemistry of aquifers should be based on sample wells which have been allowed to discharge for an extended period.
A mixed Gaussian-stochastic code book for CELP coder in LSP speech coding (1992)

In a last few years, the Code Excited Linear Predictive (CELP) coder has demonstrated that such coders offer considerable promise for producing high quality synthetic speech at bit rates between 4.8 and 16 kbit/s. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve the CELP coder performance or to reduce its implementation cost. The CELP performance has been studied for different kind of code books such as Gaussian code books, algebraic code books, ternary code books ... In this paper, the Gaussian and a mixed Gaussian-stochastic code books were compared at different sizes, while the Line Spectrum Pairs (LSP) were used instead of Log Area Ratios (LAR) which provide efficient representation of the synthesis filter used in the CELP. This new stochasic code book was designed for various sizes, using the K-means algorithm applied to a large training data. Its first half is a Gaussian code book and the other half is obtained from the prediction error (after standardizing to unit variance) of speech signals when the skewness pi and the kurtosis 02 parameters do not correspond to the Gaussian law. For the same size, the new stochastic code book offers a better performance than the Gaussian one, about 0.5 dB for the same number of bits.
Rheological and interfacial properties of nucleic acid films studied by thickness – shear mode sensor and network analysis (1996)

Complete characterization of the thickness – shear mode (TSM) acoustic wave sensor coated with films of nucleic acid and subjected to conductive solution loading is achieved through network analysis of impedance measurements. The responses of coated sensors with respect to series resonant frequency can be separated into two regions. When 0 < σ < 0.5Ω −1 m −1 the frequencies for sensors with films of single strand (ss) DNA or polycytidylic (5′) (Poly C) in place rise significantly with increasing conductivity. The motional resistances for sensors coated with both species peak at the same value of conductivity where the frequency has the most rapid shift. In the second region (0.5 < σ < 12Ω −1 m −1 ), the frequency response for the ss DNA system exhibits a bell-shaped curve, with a minimum at σ = 4Ω −1 m −1 . The motional resistances for both nucleic acid layers show reversible behaviour, whereas TSM sensors with bare PdO and Au electrodes yield little change. Models that consider only the bulk properties of solutions fail to explain the observed changes in frequency. On the other hand, an equivalent circuit model incorporating the rheological properties of nucleic acid layers on the sensor surface is successful in explaining the various responses. Key words: DNA sensor, network analysis, thickness – shear mode sensor, DNA interfacial properties.
Continuous Simultaneous Recording of Brachial Artery Distension and Wall Shear Rate: A New Boost for Flow-Mediated Vasodilation (2018)

Vascular ultrasound has been extensively applied in the clinical setting to noninvasively assess the endothelial function by means of the so-called brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Despite the usefulness in large-scale epidemiological studies, this approach has revealed some pitfalls for assessing vascular physiology and health in individual subjects. Mainly, a reliable FMD examination should be based on the simultaneous and reliable measurement of both the stimulus, i.e., the wall shear rate (WSR), and the response, i.e., the diameter change. However, multiple technical, practical, and methodological challenges must be faced to meet this goal. In this work, we present the technical developments needed to implement a system to enable the extensive and reliable clinical ultrasound FMD examination. It integrates both a hardware part, i.e., an upgraded version of the ultrasound advanced open platform (ULA-OP), and a software part, i.e., a signal processing and data analysis platform. The system was applied for a two-center pilot clinical study on 35 young and healthy volunteers. Therefore, we present here the results of a statistical analysis on magnitude, time-course, and kinetic parameters of WSR and diameter trends that allowed us to accurately explore the vasodilatory response to the dynamic WSR changes. Our observations demonstrate that a direct and accurate estimation of WSR stimulus by multigate spectral Doppler allows understanding brachial artery vasodilatory response to reactive hyperemia. Drawing inferences on WSR stimulus from the diameter response along with an inaccurate estimation of WSR may cause further uncertainties for the accurate interpretation of the FMD response.
Microstructure of Peanut Seed: A Review (1990)

Mature peanut seed microstructure of importance to the food industry is examined with regard to: (1) anatomy and cytology of peanut seed; (2) the effects of environment on peanut seed; and (3) the effects of various processing procedures on peanut seed. Current peanut seed microstructure research by the authors is directed toward evaluation of the quality of processed peanuts including using TEM, SEM and LM to evaluate the effects of different times of oven roasting at the same temperature, and a method for evaluating quality of homogenization of broken cell and tissue fragments, protein bodies and starch in stabilized peanut butter.
Digital Compensation of I/Q Imbalance Effects in Space-Time Coded Transmit Diversity Systems (2008)

Space-time coded wireless transmission techniques with multiple transmit and receive antennas can provide considerable increases in both the link quality as well as link capacity when compared to ordinary single-antenna techniques. However, multiantenna transmission basically calls for multiple parallel radio implementations, and the resulting link performance is found to be very sensitive to the possible nonidealities of the individual analog radio front-ends. One important practical example is the so-called I/Q imbalance problem related to the amplitude and phase matching of the I/Q branches of the transmitters and receivers. In this paper, we analyze the I/Q imbalance effects in space-time coded transmit diversity system context, in terms of the resulting signal-to-interference ratio as a function of the imbalance properties, assuming the individual transmitter and receiver analog front-ends are based on the so-called direct-conversion radio architecture. The obtained results indicate that the I/Q imbalance effect is fundamentally more challenging in the multiantenna context compared to traditional single-antenna systems. In addition, two digital compensation methods are proposed for combating the resulting signal distortion on the receiver side. The first approach is based on algebraic properties of the derived signal models combined with proper pilot data, while the second one is blind, stemming from the blind signal separation principles. The resulting link-level performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using extensive computer simulations. Based on the obtained results, the I/Q imbalance effects can be efficiently compensated using the proposed techniques, the resulting link performance being practically identical to that of the ideal perfectly matched reference case. Furthermore, the proposed methods are also shown to correct for channel estimation errors, in addition to I/Q impairments, and are also reasonably robust against residual carrier offsets.
System Level Performance of Downlink MU-MIMO Transmission for 3GPP LTE-Advanced (2010)

We investigate enhanced downlink multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission schemes for 3GPP LTE-Advanced based on system level simulations. As compared to Rel. 8 LTE single user MIMO (SU-MIMO), MU-MIMO has the potential to better exploit the spatial dimension of MIMO channels in some scenarios. Although Rel. 8 LTE defines a simple MU-MIMO mode, more advanced MU-MIMO techniques are currently discussed towards Rel. 10 LTE-Advanced to further improve the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we focus on zero-forcing (ZF) MU-MIMO precoding with an explicit channel quantization mechanism called channel vector quantization (CVQ). Moreover, we consider two different criteria of CVQ at the receiver: either minimizing Euclidean distance or maximizing the signal to interference plus noise power ratio (SINR). A number of system level simulations reveal significant potential gains of ZF MU-MIMO as compared to those of Rel. 8 LTE SU/MU-MIMO in terms of both cell throughput and cell-edge user throughput when the spatial correlations at the base station (eNB) are relatively high. The potential gain of ZF MU-MIMO is shown to be further improved when the CVQ is based on the SINR maximization criterion instead of Euclidean distance minimization.
A quantitative physical model for the band-to-band tunneling-induced substrate hot electron injection in MOS devices (1992)

A quantitative physical model for band-to-band tunneling-induced substrate hot electron (BBISHE) injection in heavily doped n-channel MOSFETs is presented. In BBISHE injection, the injected substrate hot electrons across the gate oxide are generated by impact ionization by the energetic holes which are left behind by the tunneling electrons and become energetic when traveling across the surface high-field region in silicon. The finite available distance for the holes to gain energy for impact ionization is taken into account. A previously published theory of substrate hot electron injection is generalized to account for the spatially distributed nature of the injected electrons. This model is shown to be able to reproduce the I-V characteristics of the BBISHE injection for devices with different oxide thicknesses and substrate dopant concentration biased in inversion or deep depletion. Moreover, it is shown that the effective SiO/sub 2/ barrier height for over-the-barrier substrate hot electron injection is more accurately modeled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Isoprostanes: A Perspective (1997)

The isoprostanes are a new class of natural products produced in vivo by a non-enzymatic free-radical-induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid. In the case of arachidonic acid, for example, four classes of isoprostanes can be produced. Because of the specific structural features distinguishing them from other free-radical-generated products, e.g., HETEs, etc., the isoprostanes can provide an exclusive and selective index for the oxidant component of several inflammatory and degenerative diseases. The possible mechanisms of formation of the individual isoprostanes is discussed in detail. Class III products, such as 8-iso-PGF2 alpha and 8-iso-PGE2 have been shown to be vasoconstrictors and modulate platelet function. Several synthetic representatives from the four classes of arachidonic-acid-derived isoprostanes have already been prepared by total synthesis. These synthetic standards have been used for the identification and quantitation of these isoprostanes in biological fluids using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methodology.
Ceramicrete stabilization of low-level mixed wastes - a complete story (1997)

During the last three years, Ceramicrete (chemically bonded phosphate ceramics) have been investigated at Argonne-East for low-temperature stabilization and solidification of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE`s) mixed wastes, for which conventional high-temperature treatments cannot be used because of volatiles and pyrophorics present in these wastes. This paper summarizes the development of Ceramicrete and provides the current technology status. We discuss our early investigations with surrogates that are typical of DOE mixed wastes, subsequent testing with actual waste streams, and scale-up of the process to an operational level. Current efforts include testing the process at an operational level for an ash waste stream from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and obtaining sufficient information to prepare a technology performance report.
Three‐dimensional extended imaging: a new display modality for three‐dimensional ultrasound examination (2005)

The 3DXI can display the volume data in a different manner from that which usually results from the use of more conventional ODM, and provide additional information over conventional two-dimensional sonography.
Interaction of <i>Plasmodium gallinaceum</i> ookinetes and oocysts with extracellular matrix proteins (1999)

Plasmodium ookinetes are elongate, motile and invasive while inside the mosquito gut but promptly metamorphose into spherical immobile oocysts upon coming in contact with the basement membrane surrounding the midgut. There they begin a prolonged growth period characterized by massive DNA synthesis for the production of sporozoites. Living Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes attached avidly to the murine extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and collagen type IV. In ELISA-type assays, the main ookinete surface protein, Pgs28 was implicated as a mediator of parasite attachment to these basement membrane constituents. Laminin and collagen IV adhered to ookinete and oocyst lysates spotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Receptor-ligand blot assays demonstrated that Pgs28 and an oocyst-specific antigen recognized by the mAb 10D6 interact with murine collagen IV and laminin. 10D6 antigen was also recognized by monospecific antiserum against the human epidermal growth factor receptor. Mosquito-derived laminin was incorporated into oocyst capsules of P. gallinaceum growing in Aedes aegypti. We hypothesize that contact with the mosquito basement membrane triggers the transformation of ookinetes into oocysts. Coalescence of basement membrane proteins onto the capsules masks developing oocysts from the mosquito's immune system and facilitates their prolonged extracellular development in the mosquito body cavity.
The Luminescence of Zinc Sulfide Activated by Lead (1949)

Zinc sulfide activated by lead shows fluorescence in various bands, two of which can be attributed to lead. The first band has a maximum at 4850A, the second one at 6100A. The orange band is favored by sulfurizing conditions and appears irrespective of whether halide ions are present or not. This band is attributed to a characteristic electronic transition in divalent lead ions, occupying normal lattice sites. The green band is favored by reducing conditions and only appears when chlorine ions are present. This band is attributed to electron transfer transitions between positive and negative ions of configurations formed by monovalent lead and chlorine ions, situated at normal lattice sites, together with the neighboring lattice ions. A green band appearing in reduced zinc sulfide is attributed to a stoichiometric excess of zinc.