gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate focused ion beam sculpting of silicon using a variable pixel dwell time approach (2006)

This work demonstrates accurate focused ion beam sculpting of micron-scale curved shapes into initially planar solids. Sculpting is accomplished by varying the dose per pixel within individual boustrophedonic scans and accounting for the material-specific angle-dependent sputter yield and the ion beam spatial distribution. We refine this technique by demonstrating how a range of preferred dwell times leads to improved sculpting. An optimized dwell time range is delineated by two effects. Excessively large dwell times lead to enhanced deposition of ejected species, asymmetric milled features (when symmetric features are intended), and depths greater than intended values. These effects occur for dwell times such that the depth removed per pixel in a given scan is on the order of the width of the focused ion beam. On the other end of the dwell time range, inordinately low times lead to undesired ion milling outside targeted areas. Milling outside targeted regions, such as a circle or an ellipse, can occur because the ion beam is retraced to a rectilinear frame bounding the area. When dwell times are chosen to be on the order of the time to transit from the rectilinear frame to an outlined area edge, this leads to a significant dose over unintended areas, thereby producing a feature with irregular boundaries. Despite these two effects, a large range of acceptable dwell times (approximately three to four decades) can be established for milling most curved shapes. Hemispherical, parabolic, and sinusoidal features are demonstrated in Si(100).
[Biospecific chromatography of chymosin]. (1976)

Chromatography of commercial rennet was studied on biospecific sorbents obtained by means of coupling of activated Sepharose 4B with epsilon-aminocapronyl-D-phenylalanine methyl ester and amide, epsilon-aminocapronyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-phenylalanine methyl ester, gramicidin S and N-2,4-dinitrophenylhexamethylenediamine. A mixture of two similar on their specificity enzymes chymosin and bovine pepsin was isolated from rennet by the chromatography on these sorbents. The individual enzymes might be isolated by chromatography on immobilized ribonuclease at pH 3,0, or by means of electrofocusing in pH gradient 4-6. Coloured inhibitor of acid proteases, N-diazoacetyl-N'-2,4-dinitrophenyl-ethylenediamine (DDE) is found to inactivate chymosin at pH 5,6 in the presence of Cu2+,one residue of the inhibitor being attached to the enzyme molecule. Unlike pig pepsin, chymosin is not inhibited with DDE at pH 4,7 and at the enzyme:DDE:Cu2+ ratio being 1:40:40. a synthesis of peptide sorbents is described.
RADIATION INDUCED RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS AND INVERSIONS IN<i>ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS</i> (1982)

Reciprocal translocations and inversions were induced in Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann by irradiation of males with X rays. A total of 1669 sperm were assayed, and 175 new aberrations were identified as follows: 102 reciprocal translocations (67 autosomal and 35 sex-linked), 45 pericentric inversions, and 28 paracentric inversions. Eleven of the translocations were nearly whole-arm interchanges, and these were selected for the construction of "capture systems" for compound chromosomes. Two double-heterozygous translocation strains and four homozygous translocation strains were established. Anopheles albimanus females were irradiated, and a pseudolinkage scheme involving mutant markers was employed to identify reciprocal translocations. The irradiation of females was very inefficient; only one translocation was recovered from 1080 ova tested.
Broadcast Convergence — Bringing Efficiency to a New Platform (2011)

Television Broadcasters have entered a new competitive era. The inherent efficiency of broadcast technology's ‘one-to-many’ platform has become widely understood. Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are exploring use of LTE Evolved Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (eMBMS). I will briefly explore several technologies that tie together and compliment what could become a “Next Generation Broadcast Television” (Next Gen) standard with a Physical/Mac Layer in a new topology that supports multiple broadcast services in a spectrum efficient manner. The paper's main focus will be on a new IP-centric “Broadcast Convergence Gateway” node and the interrelated infrastructure components that could enable intelligent and collaborative use of broadcast television spectrum for a wide variety of future Fixed, Portable, Mobile and converged services in the USA. The coordination needs associated with convergence of what could be a new / future Next Gen broadcast standard and 3GPP LTE-Advanced will be an example explored. This paper will convey an understanding of the ‘value added’ by such an approach to the participants (MNOs, Broadcasters and others) in a more efficient ‘shared spectrum’ capability that can be leveraged to deal with bandwidth constraints of today's wireless providers competing for spectrum. The nature of the infrastructure interconnect and shared resources will be laid-out and a new understanding of what is possible in such a combined ‘Intelligent Broadcast Overlay’ will be discussed.
Development and Validation of Control Moment Gyroscopic Stabilization (2014)

Two wheeled vehicles offer many advantages over other configurations such as greater maneuverability, smaller size, and greater efficiency. These advantages come at the sacrifice of stability and safety. The goal of this work is to improve the stability and safety of a two wheeled vehicle by the development of Control Moment Gyroscopic Stabilization. This technology integrated into a vehicle can deliver unparalleled maneuverability and stability for users compared to any vehicle in use today. The goal of my work was to develop and validate the system of gyroscopic stabilization to be implemented into a vehicle. To validate the concept, a MATLAB/Simulink program was created, modeling the behavior and response of an unstable body with gyroscopic stabilization applied. After completing multiple simulations on this model, a physical structure, similar to an inverted pendulum, was constructed and CMG stabilization has been tested on this setup. Gyroscopic stabilization has been validated in this configuration and has led to further study in multiple degree of freedom situations. The implementation of a vehicle which utilizes this technology can generate safer and more maneuverable vehicles for the public, military, and recreational users.
The infusion of human fetal liver cells (1993)

Only transient engraftment of infused fetal liver cells has been demonstrated in a small proportion of patients with hypoplastic bone marrow or patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia. This presumably reflects the ability of the recipient to reject the infused cells, the infusion of too few viable stem cells or the availability of too few accessory cells; it is clear from the successful engraftment of infused fetal liver cells in a high proportion of infants and fetuses with severe immunodeficiency diseases that, under favorable circumstances, cells derived from human fetal liver are capable of establishing effective grafts and making a substantial contribution to hematopoiesis comparable to that of transplanted cells derived from the liver of the fetal mouse, rat, rabbit or dog. Significant clinical and hematological improvements have been described following infusions of fetal liver cells without evidence of engraftment. These improvements have been attributed to the ability of the infused cells to promote regeneration of autologous hematopoiesis and to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. These possibilities are worthy of evaluation in relation to the production of putative regulators of cellular proliferation in the liver. Meanwhile a suppressor of tumor growth is being used to purge bone marrow prior to autologous transplantation. The generation in vitro of cells which possess the properties of hematopoietic stem cells generated in the liver--from cells which can be maintained as permanent cell lines--would transform hematopoietic cell replacement therapy, and the possibility may not be too unrealistic to contemplate.
A study on factors affecting consumers buying behavior in the choice of non-Indian cuisines in Delhi NCR (2019)

The basic purpose of this paper is to identify the factors of the Non-Indian foods purchase decisions and analyzing the customer expectations and satisfactions in the Non-Indian food market. The paper observes the behaviour exhibited by the consumers towards the factors that motivates the consumers to choose a particular Non-Indian cuisine availing Non-Indian food. The uniqueness of the paper is adoption of statistical tool factor analysis which identifies significant attributes by assigning factor scores to various of factors like consumption patterns of Non-Indian food, various buying roles in such food purchase and factors of outlet which influence the Non-Indian food purchase decision making process.
Microarray-based STR genotyping using RecA-mediated ligation (2010)

We describe a novel assay capable of accurately determining the length of short tandem repeat (STR) alleles. STR genotyping is achieved utilizing RecA-mediated ligation (RML), which combines the high fidelity of RecA-mediated homology searching with allele-specific ligation. RecA catalyzes the pairing of synthetic oligonucleotides with one strand of a double-stranded DNA target, in this case a PCR amplicon. Ligation occurs only when two adjacent oligonucleotides are base paired to the STR region without any overlap or gap. RecA activity is required to overcome the inherent difficulty of annealing repeated sequences in register. This assay is capable of determining STR genotypes of human samples, is easily adapted to high throughput or automated systems and can have widespread utility in diagnostic and forensic applications.
Tryptophan Catabolism by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus Cheese Flavor Adjuncts (1999)

Microbial degradation of Trp is thought to promote the formation of aromatic compounds that impart putrid, fecal, or unclean flavors in cheese, but pathways for their production have not been established. This study investigated Trp catabolism by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus cheese flavor adjuncts under carbohydrate starvation (pH 6.5, 30 or 37C, no sugar) and near cheese-ripening (pH 5.2, 4% NaCl, 15C, no sugar) conditions. Enzyme assays of cell-free extracts indicated that both species of Lactobacillus catabolized Trp to indole-3-lactic acid, and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of culture supernatants showed this reaction occurred via successive transamination and dehydrogenation reactions. Tryptophan decarboxylase activity was also detected in all Lactobacillus cell-free extracts, but tryptamine was not detected in culture supernatants. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography showed that Trp metabolism in Lactobacillus casei LC301 and LC202 was similar under both incubation conditions and that those catabolic reactions were reversible (i.e., conversion of indole-3-lactic acid to Trp). In contrast, Trp catabolism by Lactobacillus helveticus LH212 was only detected under near cheese ripening conditions. Cells of Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 did not catabolize Trp in either condition but did convert indole-3-pyruvic acid to Trp in carbohydrate starvation medium and to Trp and indole-3-lactic acid under near cheese ripening conditions.
The Case for RackOut (2016)

To provide low latency and high throughput guarantees, most large key-value stores keep the data in the memory of many servers. Despite the natural parallelism across lookups, the load imbalance, introduced by heavy skew in the popularity distribution of keys, limits performance. To avoid violating tail latency service-level objectives, systems tend to keep server utilization low and organize the data in micro-shards, which provides units of migration and replication for the purpose of load balancing. These techniques reduce the skew, but incur additional monitoring, data replication and consistency maintenance overheads. In this work, we introduce RackOut, a memory pooling technique that leverages the one-sided remote read primitive of emerging rack-scale systems to mitigate load imbalance while respecting service-level objectives. In RackOut, the data is aggregated at rack-scale granularity, with all of the participating servers in the rack jointly servicing all of the rackâs micro-shards. We develop a queuing model to evaluate the impact of RackOut at the datacenter scale. In addition, we implement a RackOut proof-of-concept key-value store, evaluate it on two experimental platforms based on RDMA and Scale-Out NUMA, and use these results to validate the model. Our results show that RackOut can increase throughput up to 6Ã for RDMA and 8.6Ã for Scale-Out NUMA compared to a scale-out deployment, while respecting tight tail latency service-level objectives.
On the Road to New Drugs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2006)

The outcome of therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved over the years, mainly in patients of younger age. There is no question, however, that the challenges in the area of developmental therapeutics in AML have remained considerable. Thesechallengesrelatetopatientswhofromthestartoftreatment, fail to respond to currently available drugs or combinations of drugs.Theoutlookoftheseprimarilyrefractorypatientsisnotably dismal. The majority of patients (75%) age 60 years or younger, however, do attain an initial complete remission. Unfortunately, mostoftheseresponders(onaverage,60%)willultimatelypresent withdiseaserelapse,usuallyoccurringwithinthefirst2years.Both groups, initial nonresponders and secondary nonresponders, represent the notorious difficulty of chemotherapy resistance. Age of the patient and certain acquired genetic characteristics of the leukemia are important predictors of failure. The unmet therapeutic need is by any measure greatest among the large population of patients with AML of older age, in whom response rates are comparatively low (average 50% for those older than 60 years of age), relapseratesareexceedinglyhigh(morethan85%),andlong-term survival rates are less than 10%. The traditional chemotherapeutic approach to the patient with AML has been based on treatment with a combination of an anthracycline or anthracenedione (daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone) with cytarabine. Scientists are permanently on the road to discover new drugs with different modes of action that can overcomethelimitationsofthecurrentselectionofdrugs.Numerous new drugs are currently in early clinical development with the aim of circumventing chemotherapy resistance. In the coming years, some of these compounds are expected to become members of the standard armamentarium of drugs available to the patient with AML. New drugs may be designed with the deliberate objective of affecting a known molecular lesion or signaling pathway in the neoplastic cell, thus critically inhibiting leukemia cell survival. These therapeutic compounds may tackle distinct molecular subsetsofleukemia;researchersanticipatethattheirgreaterspecificity
INSECT AND HOST ODORS IN THE AGGREGATION OF THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE (1969)

Abstract Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec. responded in flight to combinations of insect- and host-produced volatiles. Emergent female beetles crushed at −70 °C, as well as synthetic exo -7-ethyl-5-methyl-6, 8-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (“brevicomin”) attracted both sexes of the western pine beetle when offered with oleoresin freshly tapped from the host, Pinus ponderosa Laws. Offered separately, these materials were inactive. Crushed emergent Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. males per se , however, attracted flying D . brevicomis in appreciable numbers. Dominance of either host odor or insect pheromone appeared to govern the sex ratio of the responding insects.
Mutual Phase-Locking of Microwave Spin Torque Nano-Oscillators (2006)

The spin torque effect is a consequence of the continued, required scaling of magnetic devices. The output of this device can be frequency modulated, phase-locked to a stable external source, and mutually phase-locked to a neighboring oscillating contact. Measurements further indicate that the oscillators are also phase-locked during the coincidence of their frequencies. We have verified that the combined output power during locking is proportional to the square of the sum of the individual oscillators' voltage outputs as expected for the combination of two coherent signals. Furthermore this data implies a possibility to significantly increase oscillator power output from a micro-scale device by utilizing an array of N phase-locked oscillators with combined output power proportional to N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Parasites and malignancies, a review, with emphasis on digestive cancer induced by<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>(Alveolata: Apicomplexa) (2012)

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identifies ten infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) able to induce cancer disease in humans. Among parasites, a carcinogenic role is currently recognized to the digenetic trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, leading to bladder cancer, and to Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, which cause cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, several reports suspected the potential association of other parasitic infections (due to Protozoan or Metazoan parasites) with the development of neoplastic changes in the host tissues. The present work shortly reviewed available data on the involvement of parasites in neoplastic processes in humans or animals, and especially focused on the carcinogenic power of Cryptosporidium parvum infection. On the whole, infection seems to play a crucial role in the etiology of cancer.
Data structures and program design in C (1986)

1. Programming Principles. 2. Introduction to Stacks. 3. Queues. 4. Linked Stacked and Queues. 5. Recursion. 6. Lists and Strings. 7. Searching. 8. Sorting. 9. Tables and Information Retrieval. 10. Binary Trees. 11. Multiway Trees. 12. Graphs. 13. Case Study: The Polish Notation. Appendix A: Mathematical Methods. Appendix B: Random Numbers. Appendix C: Packages and Utility Functions. Appendix D: Programming Precepts, Pointers, and Pitfalls. Index.
Interactive Document Expansion for Answer Extraction of Question Answering System (2013)

In this paper, we propose a method to navigate getting a correct answer for Question Answering (QA) system using user interaction. QA is a technology which extracts appropriate answer strings for a given question sentence from huge documents such as Web, newspaper articles etc. If a given question is ambiguous, answers will be various ones according to its possible understandings and retrieved documents with query words of the question sentence will consists of various types of information. In order to focus on intended topic, it is necessary to provide more information to narrow down search area for a question. In our approach, a QA system selects a clue word to decide an appropriate topic from topics in retrieved documents and interacts with a user whether this clue word is appropriate one or not. Then, search space will be reduced using this clue word. However, such narrowing down reduces the number of answer candidates because the number of target documents will be decreased. We will re-retrieve documents using this clue words and expand search space to increase possibility of getting correct answer candidates.
Low-cost ceramic thin-film ball grid arrays (2002)

Ball grid array (BGA) is emerging as the next significant surface-mount package. This paper describes a simply structured, cost-effective ceramic BGA substrate, which conforms to current JEDEC registrations for flip-chip connections, as an alternative to multilayer co-fired ceramic BGA's. The BGA, processed on VIA/PLANE, a ceramic wafer with hermetic, tungsten-copper vias, uses a thin-film deposition technique, Enhanced Ion Plating (EIP). Controlled-Collapse Chip Connection (C4), solder-bumped flip chips are typically full or partial arrays of 5 mil solder bumps on 10 mil centers. This BGA transforms the C4 density to 35 mil bumps on 50 mil centers, much more compatible with current surface-mount assembly practices. The use of VIA/PLANE maintains the time-proven reliability of C4 on ceramic, and the flatness characteristics of VIA/PLANE eminently complement C4 and BGA technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced cell killing induced by the combination of radiation and the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17- demethoxygeldanamycin: a multitarget approach to radiosensitization. (2003)

These data suggest that heat shock protein 90 may be an appropriate target for selectively enhancing the radiosensitivity of tumor cells over normal cells. Furthermore, they illustrate the potential of a multitarget approach to radiosensitization.
[Correction of radiation injuries caused by low-intensity irradiation using antioxidants]. (1995)

The appearance of active oxygen form beginning and lipid peroxidation's activation (side by side with DNA injury) play the leading role in the mechanism of radiation injury. It is expedient to use antioxydants as prophylactic and early pathogenetic therapy remedies. The paper includes the survey of data from literature about usage of different classes of antioxidants (enzymes, vitamins, thiols and other) during prolonged low intensive radiation action.
The synthesis and examination of some fluorescent derivatives of 2,2′-bithienyl and 2-(2′-furyl)-thiophen (1971)

Derivatives of 2,2′-bithienyl with a carbonyl-containing substituent, COR (R = H, Me, OH, OMe, NH2, etc.), at the 5-position (1) are highly fluorescent in hydrogen-bonding solvents. The effect on the emission process produced by replacement of either or both thiophen moieties by furan has been investigated. Whilst a derivative of 2-(2-furyl)thiophen with a formyl group at the 5-position (7) gives rise to a blue fluorescence similar to that of the corresponding bithienyl, 2-(5-formyl-2-furyl)thiophen (6) and two 5-acyl-2,2′-bifuryls (2) and (3) were found to be almost nonfluorescent.The influence of solvent on the fluorescence of 5-acyl-2,2′-bithienyls has been examined in detail. A relation between solvent hydrogen-bonding character and the wavelengths of emission and absorption suggests that fluorescence arises from a charge-transfer excited state. Relative fluorescence efficiency also shows a pronounced dependence on the hydrogen-bonding properties of the solvent. Possible explanations for this behaviour have been put forward.
Papierstruktur in z-Richtung (2003)

Two methods are presented for the analysis of the paper structure in z-direction. Sheets are split by laminating slides into several layers, in order to win new information about the paper structure and to analyze these with considerations from sheet forming theories. On the one hand a procedure for the characterisation of the formation in z-direction is described and on the other hand a methodology for the measurement of fibre orientation over the thickness of a paper sheet is presented. Trials on different paper machines show influences of sheet forming on paper structure under different criteria.
Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks: Advances and Future Trends in Physical, MAC and Routing Layers (2014)

This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on underwater wireless sensor networks, focusing on the lower layers of the communication stack, and envisions future trends and challenges. It analyzes the current state-of-the-art on the physical, medium access control and routing layers. It summarizes their security threads and surveys the currently proposed studies. Current envisioned niches for further advances in underwater networks research range from efficient, low-power algorithms and modulations to intelligent, energy-aware routing and medium access control protocols.