gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel fault-dependent-time-settings algorithm for overcurrent relays (2009)

A typical structure of electric power distribution networks is radial or a normally open-loop structure with a single supply path between the high-voltage supply substation and the end-consumers. The selectivity of a protection scheme for the radial network is generally achieved through time-coordination of different protection devices (relays, reclosers and fuses). However, future distribution networks may become more meshed (normally closed-loop) in order to integrate distributed generators (DGs) and more active demand-side response. This will, in turn, require novel protection schemes since the current time-coordinated protection which assumes radial network structure may no longer be effective. Furthermore, it is also recognized that today's practice of automatically disconnecting DGs when a fault occurs in their vicinity may cause un-necessary generation shortages. It is, instead, desired to adjust protection so that a DG unit remains connected to the system when nearby faults occur as long as there are no related safety problems. This paper introduces a novel fault-dependent time settings algorithm for overcurrent relays which is capable of overcoming these problems. The implementation of the proposed algorithm on the existing protection scheme is enabled by using communications among the relays. The proposed algorithm ensured a reduced relay tripping time in the primary protection zone by enhancing the selectivity of the existing protection scheme. Consequently, it becomes possible to operate distributed generators during times when nearby faults occur. While the use of the proposed algorithm is illustrated in the distribution network, the same algorithm is also applicable to the transmission networks.
Impact of chemotherapy regimens prior to endocrine therapy (2006)

On the basis of the 5-year Completed Treatment Analysis, the ATAC trial does not indicate that the relative treatment benefits of anastrozole differ significantly between patients who received prior chemotherapy and those who did not.
Betahistine Dihydrochloride Treatment Facilitates Vestibular Compensation in the Cat (1995)

Unilateral lesion of the vestibular system induces posturo-locomotor deficits that are compensated for with time. Drug therapy is currently used to improve the recovery process and to facilitate vestibular compensation. Betahistine dihydrochloride is an histamine-like substance that has been employed in vestibular pathology; it was found effective in many forms of vertigo and in vestibular-related syndromes. Investigations performed in animal models have shown betahistine-induced neuronal modulations in the vestibular nuclei complex and interactions with the H1 and H3 histamine receptors. Potentially, this substance is therefore capable to interfere with some recovery mechanisms and to improve the behavioral adaptations. But there is at present a total lack of data concerning the influence of betahistine treatment on vestibular compensation in animal models. The aim of this study was to understand the pharmacological activity of betahistine in the restoration of posture and locomotor balance functions in unilateral vestibular neurectomized cats. Posture recovery was assessed by quantifying the surface reaction of the cat's support as measured while standing erect on its four legs, at rest. Locomotor balance recovery was determined using the rotating beam test, by measuring the maximal performance (max. P.) of the cat and its locomotion speed regulation during the postoperative time period. We have compared the recovery profile and time course of these static (posture) and dynamic (equilibrium) functions in three groups of cats. Two experimental groups were treated at daily doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Betahistine dihydrochloride was given orally until complete recovery of posturolocomotor functions. One untreated control group served as the reference. Results showed that postoperative treatment strongly accelerated the recovery process in both treated groups, inducing a time benefit of around 2 weeks as compared to the controls. Maximum performance of the cats on the rotating beam as well as locomotion speed regulation were highly correlated to the postoperative development of the cat's support surface, indicating that compensation of the static vestibulospinal deficits conditioned the subsequent locomotor balance recovery. These behavioral data showed that betahistine dihydrochloride constitutes a useful drug therapy for the symptomatic treatment of central vestibular disorders in our animal model of unilateral vestibular lesion. Improvement of vestibular compensation under betahistine postoperative treatment, as evidenced here for the posture and locomotor balance functions, is discussed both in terms of aspecific effect (histamine-induced increase of the level of vigilance) or more direct action in the vestibular nuclei (histamine-induced rebalance of neuronal activity on both sides).
Arteriogenesis: basic mechanisms and therapeutic stimulation (2007)

Pharmacological attempts to stimulate the growth of collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) are evolving towards a new treatment option for patients with vascular occlusive diseases. This enlargement of small pre-existing anastomoses towards large conductance arteries takes place independent of local oxygen tension and is driven by changes in luminal shear stress and infiltration of circulating cells. With the increasing knowledge regarding the distinct differences between capillary sprouting (angiogenesis) and arteriogenesis, several cytokines and growth factors have been demonstrated to stimulate the growth of arterial blood vessels in preclinical models of vascular disease. However, the translation towards clinical practice remains difficult and first in-man trials show limited success. Intensive research especially regarding new drug delivery platforms and the potentially serious side effects of pro-arteriogenic therapeutics is warranted before stimulation of arteriogenesis could become a significant treatment option for vascular occlusive diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances in the field of collateral artery growth. In addition, possible means to overcome the hurdles that have hampered the clinical implementation of pro-arteriogenic therapies will be discussed.
RNA structure is a key regulatory element in pathological ATM and CFTR pseudoexon inclusion events (2007)

Genomic variations deep in the intronic regions of pre-mRNA molecules are increasingly reported to affect splicing events. However, there is no general explanation why apparently similar variations may have either no effect on splicing or cause significant splicing alterations. In this work we have examined the structural architecture of pseudoexons previously described in ATM and CFTR patients. The ATM case derives from the deletion of a repressor element and is characterized by an aberrant 5'ss selection despite the presence of better alternatives. The CFTR pseudoexon instead derives from the creation of a new 5'ss that is used while a nearby pre-existing donor-like sequence is never selected. Our results indicate that RNA structure is a major splicing regulatory factor in both cases. Furthermore, manipulation of the original RNA structures can lead to pseudoexon inclusion following the exposure of unused 5'ss already present in their wild-type intronic sequences and prevented to be recognized because of their location in RNA stem structures. Our data show that intrinsic structural features of introns must be taken into account to understand the mechanism of pseudoexon activation in genetic diseases. Our observations may help to improve diagnostics prediction programmes and eventual therapeutic targeting.
Fast Burst Reactors In The U.S.A. (1965)

In order to increase the fission yield per burst, efforts have been directed toward the development of cores which maintain dimensional stability when subjected to more extreme temperature cycles than may be tolerated in normal uranium metal. There also have been attempts to eliminate inertial difficulties related to the quenching delay associated with the finite time for translating fission energy into surface or volume expansion. This delay leads to an effective broadening of the bursts at a given yield. The second series of burst reactors as referred to here are those which employ an alloy of uranium, specifically 10 weight percent molybdenum (U-10 w/o Mo), in which extensive metallurgical tests have indicated relatively small crystal growth and excellent phase stability during or following repeated large temperature cycles (~500°C). Research Reactor) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Molly-G or FBR (Fast Burst Reactor) at White Sands Missile Range, and Super Kukla at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory; three additional models similar to HPRR and Molly-G are in the final planning stages, one at Sandia Corporation, one at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, and one at LASL. None of these reactors has produced more than a total of ~300 bursts to be compared with many thousands for a typical reactor of the first series. Accordingly, such devices may be considered in a relatively early stage of development.
Preparation of Flaky Amorphous Powders (1994)

アモルファス合金粉末を調製するに際して, アトマイズとその過冷状態の液滴を冷却する回転ディスクとの組み合わせにより, 扁平状のアモルファス合金粉末を調製した。その粉末は金属光沢に優れたもので塗料用顔料として塗装すると極めて光輝感のあるものとなる。また, この粉末は加熱により均一酸化層が形成され, この酸化層により干渉色が得られ, 着色顔料としても利用できる。
Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans (1994)

This study was undertaken to challenge the hypothesis that short-term administration of carnitine during exercise can modify skeletal muscle carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism in normal humans. With a randomized, blinded, crossover design, subjects received carnitine or placebo at the start of a bicycle ergometer exercise session. During the 2 hours after intravenous administration of 185 mumol/kg carnitine, carnitine kinetics could be described with a central compartment volume of distribution of 200 ml/kg, a total clearance from this compartment of 1.9 ml/min/kg, and a renal clearance of 1.3 ml/min/kg. Carnitine administration had no effect on muscle total carnitine content or the workload-dependent accumulation of acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle. Carnitine had no effect on the respiratory exchange ratio, muscle lactate accumulation, plasma lactate concentration, muscle glycogen utilization, or plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during exercise. Thus the skeletal muscle carnitine pool is segregated from dramatic changes in the plasma carnitine pool, and short-term administration of carnitine has no significant effect on fuel metabolism during exercise in humans.
OTDR pulse power limit in on-line monitoring ofoptical fibres owing to stimulated Raman scattering (1996)

If a singlemode fibre is monitored with an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) at 1.65 µm, stimulated Raman scattering causes nonlinear loss for a transmission channel at 1.55 µm. Calculations show that in some cases the permitted OTDR pulse power is limited to a few milliwatts.
Deep Learning Assisted Smart Glasses as Educational Aid for Visually Challenged Students (2019)

Computer Vision Technology has played a significant role in assisting visually challenged people to carry out their day to day activities without much dependency on other people. Smart glasses in one such solution which enables blind or visually challenged people to “read” images. This paper is an attempt in this direction to build a novel smart glass which has the ability to extract and recognize text captured from an image and convert it to speech. It consists of a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ microcontroller which processes the image captured from a webcam super-imposed on the glasses of the blind person. Text detection is achieved using the OpenCV software and open source Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools Tesseract and Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detector (EAST) based on Deep Learning techniques. The recognized text is further processed by Google's Text to Speech (gTTS) API to convert to an audible signal for the user. A second feature of this solution is to provide location-based services to the blind people by identifying locations in an academic building using the RFID technology. This solution has been extensively tested in a university environment for aiding visually challenged students. The novelty of the implemented solution lies in providing the desired computer vision functionalities of image/text recognition which is economical, small-sized, accurate and uses open source software tools. This solution can be potentially used for both educational and commercial applications.
The Effect of Prostaglandin E1 Versus Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of Musculocutaneous Flaps (2001)

The purpose of this study was twofold. To evaluate whether prostaglandin El can increase the survival of the flap, and to determine its function against ischemia-reperfusion injury in musculocutaneous flaps. Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 to 350 g were analyzed. The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap was used in all rats. The rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (N = 15), the control group with 4-hour ischemic injury and intraflap injection of normal saline followed by reperfusion; group 2 (N = 15), prostaglandin E1 intraflap injection of 1 microg immediately after ischemic injury and reperfusion 4 hours later; and group 3 (N = 5), the sham-operated group. Analysis consisted of flap skin survival area measurements, immunohistochemical study using anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (anti-ICAM-1) monoclonal antibody, and histological evaluation including endothelium-sticking leukocytes at 24 hours and 5 days after reperfusion. The group treated with prostaglandin E1 showed immunohistochemical findings with decreased expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of the endothelium, and histology showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction of leukocyte adhesion at 24 hours and 5 days after reperfusion. These two factors were considered to play a role against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and led to improved survival of the flap. These results suggest that prostaglandin E1 may increase flap survival and may have a protective mechanism against ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion through decreased expression of ICAM-1.
Novel cis-directed, four-electron dioxo oxidant (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel cis-directed, four-electron dioxo oxidantAngelos Dovletoglou, Solomon A. Adeyemi, Marc H. Lynn, Derek J. Hodgson, and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 8989–8990Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00180a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Oligonucleotide synthesis. II. Use of substituted trityl groups (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOligonucleotide synthesis. II. Use of substituted trityl groupsAlison Taunton-Rigby, Young-Ho Kim, Carol J. Crosscup, and Nicolas A. StarkovskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 7, 956–964Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00972a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00972a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Catalyst Layer Electrolyte Resistance in PEFCs Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2005)

In this paper, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to resolve various sources of polarization loss in a pure hydrogen-fueled polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). EIS data are fitted to a fuel cell model in which the catalyst layer physics are accurately represented by a transmission line model. Extracted parameters include cell ohmic resistance, catalyst layer electrolyte resistance, and double-layer capacitance. The results showed that the catalyst layer electrolyte resistance for a state-of-the-art electrode (47 wt % Pt on Vulcan XC-72 carbon, 0.8 Nafion (1100EW)-to-carbon weight ratio, 13 μm thick) at 80°C and fully humidified conditions was approximately ; this translates to a dc voltage loss of about 33 mV at a current density of . Similar results were obtained for two experimental methods, one using (anode) and (cathode gas feed) and another with and supplies, and for two cell active areas, 5 and . The measured catalyst layer electrolyte resistance increased with decreasing ionomer concentration in the electrode, as expected. We also observed that the real impedance measured at 1 kHz, often interpreted as the ohmic resistance in the cell, can include contributions from the electrolyte in the catalyst layer.
Eleven novel mutations in the factor VIII gene from Brazilian hemophilia A patients (1995)

The molecular characterization of the mutations in hemophilia A patients is hampered by the large size of the factor VIII gene and the great heterogeneity of mutations. In this study, we have performed a protocol involving multiplex polymerase chain reaction in which 19 exons were amplified in four different combinations followed by nonradioactive single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) to screen for mutations. Southern blotting was used to detect inversion of the factor VIII gene resulting from recombination between copies of the gene A (F8A) located in intron 22 of the factor VIII gene and two copies close telomeric region of X chromosome. Forty-two hemophilia A patients (21 with severe and 21 with mild-to-moderate disease) were studied. The inversion of factor VIII occurred in 13 of 21 patients affected by severe hemophilia A. One patient showed a large extra band in addition to the three bands observed after Southern blotting with the F8A probe. An abnormal electrophoretic pattern of SSCP was detected in 85% and 50% of the patients affected by mild-to-moderate and severe disease, respectively. Sixteen different mutations were identified. Eleven mutations were novel and comprised 9 point mutations and 2 small deletions. This study shows that the methodology used is safe and rapid and has potential for detecting almost all of the genetic defects of the studied hemophilia A patients.
Tools to Improve the Accuracy of Kidney Stone Sizing with Ultrasound (2014)

Stone size is consistently overestimated with US. Overestimation increased with increasing depth and gain using the commercial machine. Overestimation was reduced and did not vary with depth, using the software-based US device. The computerized stone-sizing program shows the potential to reduce overestimation by implementing a grayscale intensity threshold for defining the stone size. More work is needed to standardize the approach, but if successful, such an approach could significantly improve stone-sizing accuracy and lead to automation of stone sizing.
955. Olefin co-ordination compounds. Part VI. Diene complexes of rhodium(I) (1957)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
<title>Acoustic characterization of optical fiber glasses</title> (1991)

Acoustic characterization of doped silica glasses with a Ge02, P205, F, Ti02, A1203 or B203 dopant having different concentrations is presented. The quantitative measurements are performed by a 225 MHz line-focus-beam scanning acoustic microscope. The acoustic velocity variation due to different dopant concentrations for each dopant is given. It has been found that the A1203 dopant increases but the other dopants decrease the acoustic velocity as compared to that of the pure fused silica. The fiber preforms having step and graded refractive index profiles also show step and graded acoustic velocity profiles respectively. We have also found that the acoustic velocity is more sensitive to the dopant concentration as compared with that of optical refractive index.
Sorter Based Permutation Units for Media-Enhanced Microprocessors (2007)

Single or multibit subword permutations are useful in many multimedia and cryptographic applications. Several specialized instructions have been proposed to handle the required data rearrangements. In this paper, we examine the hardware implementation of the powerful permutation instruction group (GRP). The design of the proposed permutation unit is based on the functionality of sorting networks. Two variants of the sorter-based GRP unit are introduced and analyzed and their energy-delay behavior is investigated using static CMOS implementations in a 130-nm CMOS technology.