gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Imaging of Human Brain Tumor Xenografts Utilizing Radiolabelled Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs) (1986)

At the present time, specific imaging and treatment of central nervous system malignancies is not possible. The development of monoclonal hybridoma technology may provide the solution to this problem. We have utilized human glioma-derived cell lines (HGCL) transplanted subcutaneously and intracranially into athymic mice and rats to evaluate the imaging and localizing properties of a panel of MAbs. MAbs 81C6, C12, and D12 and 81C6 Fab have shown significant in vivo localization against HGCL D-54 MG and 81C6 against U-251 MG when compared to equivalent non-specific MAbs. In subcutaneous D-54 MG-induced xenografts, maximal localization indices (LI) of up to 15.0 for 81C6, 6.8 for 81C6 Fab, 6.48 for C12, and 4.47 for D12 have been seen. The tumor-tissue ratios for normal brain have ranged from 235 for 81C6 to 167 for D12. The total percent injected dose for 81C6 was nearly 5% in U-251 MG tumors and 10% of the initial dose in D-54 tumors, while the percent injected dose for control MAb were 1.9% and 2.8%, respectively. Four subcutaneously growing U-251 MG tumors were clearly imaged using 131I-81C6. With intracranially growing D-54 MG, 131I-81C6 provided external imaging of intracranial tumors at sizes as small as 20 mg while 131I-45.6, a non-specific MAb, provided imaging only when tumors achieved sizes greater than 300 mg. These data indicate that operationally specific MAbs and MAb Fab can specifically localize and be used to image human tumors transplanted into immunocompromised animals. The animal models described in this paper provide a sensitive method of evaluating MAbs in pre-human trials.
Planning High-Quality Grasps Using Mean Curvature Object Skeletons (2018)

In this letter, we present a grasp planner that integrates two sources of information to generate robust grasps for a robotic hand. First, the topological information of the object model is incorporated by building the mean curvature skeleton and segmenting the object accordingly in order to identify object regions which are suitable for grasping. We show how this information can be used to derive different grasping strategies, which also allows to distinguish between precision and power grasps. Second, the local surface structure is investigated to construct feasible and robust grasping poses by aligning the hand according to the local object shape. We apply the approach to a wide variety of object models of the KIT and the YCB real-world object model databases and evaluate it with several robotic hands. The results show that the skeleton-based grasp planner is capable to generate high-quality grasps in an efficient manner. In addition, we evaluate how robust the planned grasps are against hand positioning errors as they occur in real-world applications due to perception and actuation inaccuracies. The evaluation shows that the majority of the generated grasps are of high quality since they can be successfully applied even when the hand is not exactly positioned.
A Scalable Semantic Indexing Framework for Peer-to-Peer Information Retrieval (2005)

The exponential growth of data demands scalable and adaptable infrastructures for indexing and searching a huge amount of data sources with high accuracy and efficiency. Existing centralized search engines are not scalable and suffer from single-point-offailures. The recent work on P2P index construction partitions the document vectors either randomly or statically, making it difficult to tradeoff between search efficiency and accuracy. In this position paper, we propose a peer-to-peer (P2P) IR framework (termed as P2PIR) that leverages a novel two-phase distributed semantic indexing on top of distributed hash tables (DHT). The distributed semantic clustering of P2PIR leads to good semantic locality on index placement so that the indices of similar documents are placed together or near to each other. The semantic locality enables smoother tradeoff between search accuracy and efficiency, as well as incremental adaptation to document and semantics changes. In addition, P2PIR allows for sophisticated retrieval techniques, e.g., query refinement, feedback and personalized search for better usability. A prototype of P2PIR is currently under development, which can be applied for general web retrieval and domain-specific applications such as a distributed electric medical records system. 1.
Future performance challenges in nanometer design (2001)

We highlight several fundamental challenges to designing high-performance integrated circuits in nanometer-scale technologies (i.e. draRita Glover, EDA Today, L.C.wn feature sizes < 100 nm). Dynamic power scaling trends lead to major packaging problems. To alleviate these concerns, tMarc Halpernhermal monitoring and feedback mechanisms can limit worst-case dissipation and reduce costs. Furthermore, a flexible multi-Vdd + multi-Vth + re-sizing approach is advocated to leverage the inherent properties of ultra-small MOSFETs and limit both dynamic and static power. Alternative global signaling strategies such as differential and low-swing drivers are recommended in order to curb the power requirements of cross-chip communication. Finally, potential power delivery challenges are addressed with respect to ITRS packaging predictions.
Mutational analysis of the structural organization of polyglutamine aggregates (2002)

The formation of amyloid-like aggregates by expanded polyglutamine (polyGln) sequences is suspected to play a critical role in the neuropathology of Huntington's disease and other expanded CAG-repeat diseases. To probe the folding of the polyGln sequence in the aggregate, we replaced Gln-Gln pairs at different sequence intervals with Pro-Gly pairs, elements that are compatible with beta-turn formation and incompatible with beta-extended chain. We find that PGQ9 and PGQ10, peptides consisting of four Q9 or Q10 elements interspersed with PG elements, undergo spontaneous aggregation as efficiently as a Q45 sequence, whereas the corresponding PGQ7 and PGQ8 peptides aggregate much less readily. Furthermore, a PDGQ9 sequence containing d-prolines aggregates more efficiently than the peptide with l-prolines, consistent with beta-turn formation in aggregate structure. Introduction of one additional Pro residue in the center of a Q9 element within PGQ9 completely blocks the peptide's ability to aggregate. This strongly suggests that the Q9 elements are required to be in extended chain for efficient aggregation to occur. We determined the critical nucleus for aggregation nucleation of the PGQ9 peptide to be one, a result identical to that for unbroken polyGln sequences. The PGQN peptide aggregates are structurally quite similar to Q45 aggregates, as judged by heterologous seeding aggregation kinetics, recognition by an anti-polyGln aggregate antibody, and electron microscopy. The results suggest that polyGln aggregate structure consists of alternating elements of extended chain and turn. In the future it should be possible to conduct detailed and interpretable mutational studies in the PGQ9 background.
Empowering ASIC Front-End to Meet the Challenges of the Ultra Deep Sub-Micrometer (2007)

The major problem posed by very deep sub-micrometer is the inaccuracies which it introduces into the conventional electronic design automation tool estimates. The estimates of power and speed reported by these tools do not consider the effects posed by very deep sub micrometer because of the non-availability of 45 nm cell libraries. Thus, there is an urgent need of a design flow which results in power and speed predictions at very deep sub micrometer considering the various issues in the same. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the prerequisites for electronic design automation tool which provides the front-end engineer the real insight into the physical manifestation of the design in the deep sub-micron. The tool has been partially implemented using PERL, and has yielded results which have been validated at 180 nm after comparison with conventional synthesis engines. The accuracy of results depends solely on the accuracy of the sub 65 nm models employed for gates and interconnects
Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation in Bipolar Depression Using an MRI-Based Stimulator (2004)

These preliminary data suggest that the EP-MRSI scan induces electric fields that are associated with reported mood improvement in subjects with bipolar disorder. The findings are similar to those for rTMS depression treatments, although the waveform used in EP-MRSI differs from that used in rTMS. Further investigation of the mechanism of EP-MRSI is warranted.
JPEG 2000: worth the wait? (2003)

The seeds of JPEG 2000 were planted at a meeting of the JPEG committee (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29 WG1) in 1995. The eventual standard should provide new ways to deal with images in compressed format. Although the "requirements" for the current standard are extensive, essentially the standard will allow an image to be compressed once (losslessly if desired) and different sub-bitstreams extracted to meet the requirements of the application (monochrome, reduced resolution, region of interest, progressive display, even transmission over error prone channels). Unfortunately, this "work item" will not become a full fledged international Standard until at least 2001. This paper discusses the history of JPEG 2000, the technologies in the current verification model (color and wavelet transforms, context models, entropy coder, quantization techniques, region or interest, error resilience) and how these technologies work together to achieve features desired in a modem compression system. A status report for current JPEG committee activities and schedule is included.
Role of prophylactic ureteric stents in colorectal surgery (2012)

Ureteric injury is a feared complication in colorectal surgery, with a reported incidence of 0.2%-7.6%. Prophylactic ureteric catheter placement has the advantage of facilitating intraoperative ureter identification and assisting in immediate injury recognition and repair. However, its use has been controversial because of fear of ureteric damage during catheter insertion and postoperative urinary complications such as obstructive oliguria and urinary tract infection. Although the exact indications for prophylactic catheter placement are not clearly defined, it is generally used for reoperative cases, large tumors, previous radiation therapy, diverticulitis, fistulas, Crohn's disease and obesity. Herein, we review the incidence and risk factors for ureteric injury, the role of prophylactic ureteric stents and the complications and costs associated with its use in both open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
TOMTAC: translating object motion to actuator control (2006)

This paper describes a software abstraction method to simplify the programming of a common class of load processing machines in which the machine's actuators cannot usually manipulate a single load independently of other loads. The abstraction allows programmers to program load behavior directly, with an underlying control engine that automatically converts load behavior specifications to actuator controls. Examples from early simulations through to a commercial implementation are discussed, with dramatic savings in programming effort evidenced
Specification for the asset reporting format 1.1 (2011)

NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by
<i>Colloquium</i>: Artificial spin ice: Designing and imaging magnetic frustration (2013)

Frustration, the presence of competing interactions, is ubiquitous in the physical sciences and is a source of degeneracy and disorder, which in turn gives rise to new and interesting physical phenomena. Perhaps nowhere does it occur more simply than in correlated spin systems, where it has been studied in the most detail. In disordered magnetic materials, frustration leads to spin-glass phenomena, with analogies to the behavior of structural glasses and neural networks. In structurally ordered magnetic materials, it has also been the topic of extensive theoretical and experimental studies over the past two decades. Such geometrical frustration has opened a window to a wide range of fundamentally new exotic behavior. This includes spin liquids in which the spins continue to fluctuate down to the lowest temperatures, and spin ice, which appears to retain macroscopic entropy even in the low-temperature limit where it enters a topological Coulomb phase. In the past seven years a new perspective has opened in the study of frustration through the creation of artificial frustrated magnetic systems. These materials consist of arrays of lithographically fabricated single-domain ferromagnetic nanostructures that behave like giant Ising spins. The nanostructures' interactions can be controlled through appropriate choices of their geometric properties and arrangement on a (frustrated) lattice. The degrees of freedom of the material can not only be directly tuned, but also individually observed. Experimental studies have unearthed intriguing connections to the out-of-equilibrium physics of disordered systems and nonthermal ``granular'' materials, while revealing strong analogies to spin ice materials and their fractionalized magnetic monopole excitations, lending the enterprise a distinctly interdisciplinary flavor. The experimental results have also been closely coupled to theoretical and computational analyses, facilitated by connections to classic models of frustrated magnetism, whose hitherto unobserved aspects have here found an experimental realization. Considerable experimental and theoretical progress in this field is reviewed here, including connections to other frustrated phenomena, and future vistas for progress in this rapidly expanding field are outlined.
Investigating myocardial motion by MRI using tissue phase mapping (2006)

The phase contrast MRI technique for high temporal resolution velocity mapping is therefore very promising for the investigation and better understanding of the myocardial motion in normal subjects and patients with disturbed left ventricular performance and may validate further testing of different models of cardiac structure.
Alu pair exclusions in the human genome (2011)

Over 50 million full-length Alu pairs reside within the I:D imbalance bubble. Their collective impact may represent one source of Alu element-related human genomic instability that has not been previously characterized.
Specific antibody-dependent interactions between macrophages and lipid haptens in planar lipid monolayers. (1981)

The binding of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to planar lipid monolayers on alkylated glass is shown to be highly specific, requiring lipid hapten in the monolayer and specific anti-hapten IgG antibody. This is true for both "fluid" and "solid" monolayer membranes, in which the lateral diffusion coefficients of fluorescent lipid probes and bound fluorescent antibodies differ by at least two orders of magnitude. The region of the (macrophage membrane)--(monolayer membrane) contact is readily observed by using an epifluorescence microscope and fluoresceinated IgG antibodies or fluorescent lipids. The fluorescence intensity of IgG antibodies bound to lipid haptens in fluid monolayer membranes in the region of the (macrophage membrane)--(monolayer membrane) contact was significantly enhanced in the early stages of binding (first 10 min at 24 degrees C), due to a diffusive flux of the fluorescent antibodies into the region of membrane--membrane contact. Cellular activation takes place immediately during a 10-min warm-up to 37 degrees C and can be recognized by rapid symmetrical cell spreading, the formation of "black holes" around the cells (probably due to superoxide-facilitated photochemical bleaching of the fluorophore), and the release of the lysozomal enzyme cathepsin B. Specific antibody-dependent [1-14C]-glucose oxidation by these macrophages on fluid and solid monolayers is quite similar to that reported previously for fluid and solid bilayer vesicle target membranes. These results are significant for understanding the molecular interactions between membranes that are necessary for a macrophage cytotoxic response.
Quantitative Computed Tomography Liver Perfusion Imaging Using Dynamic Spiral Scanning With Variable Pitch (2010)

CT perfusion imaging of the liver using the 4D spiral-mode is feasible with diagnostic image quality, and enables the reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of the normal and metastatic liver parenchyma. Radiation dose issues must be considered when determining the scan range, number of cycles, and scan duration of the perfusion CT protocol.
Increased production of tumour necrosis factor by peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent oral aphthous ulceration (1992)

Much evidence suggests that recurrent oral aphthous ulceration (RAU) is an immunologically mediated disease. Tumour necrosis factor has multiple biologic properties, some of which may be relevant to the pathogenesis of RAU. This study has assessed its production by peripheral blood leukocytes from aphthous patients in active and remission phases of disease and from patients with nonaphthous ulceration (diseased controls). Each ulcer patient was studied in parallel with a matched healthy control volunteer. A bioassay against the standard mouse fibrosarcoma line, L929, was used to assess the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Significantly greater amounts of TNF were released from unstimulated monocyte-enriched and monocyte-depleted leukocyte fractions in active RAU compared with those from healthy control donors, suggesting that this cytokine may be associated with RAU.
Lack of Cell Density-Dependent Changes in Gangliosides of Rat Primary Culture Neurons (1992)

Cell density-dependent changes in neuronal gangliosides, primarily relating to neurite outgrowth under dense to sparse conditions, were examined at cell seeding densities over an 8-fold range. During the first 24 h of incubation, the dissociated fetal rat neurons showed characteristic protrusion of neurites as a function of cell density. Ganglioside and protein contents per the same cell numbers were higher in dense cultures than sparse ones. However, the ganglioside pattern was essentially unchanged from dense to sparse culture, showing a predominance of GD3 and GT1b. The biosynthetic activity of gangliosides, as estimated by the incorporation of 3H-labeled N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, a precursor of sialic acid, was similar at various cell densities, with the labeling of b-series gangliosides predominating. The expression of neuronal gangliosides was monitored by indirect immunofluorescence using anti-GM1 antibody, but was found to be poor. A2B5 antigen, which was mainly identified as GT1b, appeared to be readily expressed on cell surfaces in sparse cultures. In contrast, the highly polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) was fully expressed on both the neurites and cell soma at various cell densities. The results suggest that the polysialic acids in NCAM have more important roles in neurite outgrowth than gangliosides, since the composition and synthesis of gangliosides are not affected by cell seeding density.
An Efficient Scale-Up Process for the Preparation of the APD334 Precursor 4-Chloromethyl-1-cyclopentyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (2015)

Synthetic studies of the APD334 precursor 4-chloromethyl-1-cyclopentyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (6) are described. A two-step scalable process was developed starting from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials. An iron(III) chloride-catalyzed aryl–alkyl cross-coupling reaction provided the intermediate 1-cyclopentyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (9), which was converted to the target building block 6 by a direct regioselective chloromethylation reaction with trioxane/thionyl chloride or chlorosulfonic acid in sulfuric acid. The process was transferred to pilot-plant scale to produce >100 kg of 6 with >98 area % HPLC purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanomaterials in Biosensors: Should You Use Nanotubes or Graphene? (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The spectral autocorrelation applied to the linear prediction residual of speech for robust pitch detection (2003)

A robust method is described for the determination of pitch in voiced speech. The spectral autocorrelation function measures the regular harmonic spacing in the spectrum of the speech signal by applying an autocorrelation to the power spectral density. It is shown that this method is capable of accurate pitch tracking in additive noise. The preprocessing is critical for good performance, and in this case the speech spectrum is flattened by obtaining the residual from linear prediction analysis and the original speech. Application of suitable postprocessing enables this method to operate over a wide range of human pitch down to very low signal-to-noise ratios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analog-to-Digital Conversion Based on Modular Blocks Exploiting Cross-Gain Modulation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2009)

A new approach based on modular blocks to implement all-optical analog-to-digital conversion is presented. The basic blocks exploit cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers. A four-level signal at 20 Gsamples/s is successfully quantized and coded onto 2 bits. The output extinction ratio of the encoded bits is higher than 3.6 dB. The extinction ratio can be improved by means of a thresholder, e.g., a saturable absorber, at each output port.
Metamagnetic transition and susceptibility maximum in an itinerant-electron system (1993)

An itinerant-electron metamagnetism is discussed at finite temperature, by taking into account the effect of spin fluctuations on the Landau-Ginzburg theory. It is shown that the paramagnetic susceptibility always shows a maximum in its temperature dependence when the metamagnetic transition from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic state is induced by the external magnetic field at low temperature. This metamagnetic transition, associated with a hysteresis in the magnetization curve, is shown to disappear at high temperature. Moreover, the first-order transition in the temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization is shown to occur under a certain condition among the Landau coefficients. Three characteristic temperatures, at which the susceptibility reaches a maximum, the field-induced metamagnetic transition disappears, and the temperature-induced first-order transition of the magnetization occurs, are discussed. The present theory can explain qualitatively these anomalous magnetic properties observed in Co compounds Co(S,Se${)}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{YCo}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{LuCo}}_{2}$, and others.
IEMS: A BRIDGE AMONG SERVICES (1992)

In a disaster, so many people are needed to respond that it's easy for the right hand to be ignorant of what the left hand is doing. Integrated Emergency Management Systems is a concept that pulls together the many disciplines involved in emergency work with one goal in mind: advance work to develop an emergency operations plan.