gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unstart Detection in a Simplified-Geometry Hypersonic Inlet-Isolator Flow (2010)

Unstart detection techniques based on high-frequency pressure measurements made in a hypersonic inlet―isolator model are investigated. In this study, data that were acquired in a previous study of backpressure-induced unstart were examined. The data were acquired in a simplified-geometry inlet―isolator model that consisted of a 6 deg compression ramp inlet followed by a constant-area duct that was 25.4 mm high by 50.8 mm wide by 227.1 mm long. Fluctuating wall pressures were measured along the length of the model. A downstream flap was used to induce unstart in the model. Beyond a certain flap angle, unstart was induced, and the shock system propagated upstream and out of the inlet. The wall-pressure data, acquired as the flap was raised, were postprocessed for spectral and statistical content to evaluate different unstart detection criteria. Three shock leading-edge detection criteria are examined based on the following observations as the shock system passes over a pressure transducer: 1) a rise in pressure, 2) an increase in standard-deviation of the pressure signal, and 3) an increase in power in the 300―400 Hz frequency band. After calibrating the algorithms based on runs with no active control, a comparison of the times detected for unstart onset and unstart arrest was made based on runs with active control. Results indicate that the power-spectrum-based algorithm implemented close to the isolator exit is more sensitive to the onset of unstart, whereas the pressure-magnitude-change criterion gives earlier detection in many cases. A combination of the two, a pressure-magnitude criterion close to the inlet entrance and a spectral-power criterion near the isolator exit, therefore seems to be the most robust scheme for unstart active control. The appropriate choice of sampling frequency significantly improved the computation speed of the spectral-power-based algorithm without delaying the unstart detection times.
Reliability Evaluation for Photovoltaic Modules (2012)

Long-term reliability of Si photovoltaic modules is a crucial issue for the cost-reduction on the power-supply system. To elevate this reliability, several environmental tests have been created as qualification and certification procedures. This paper gives an overview about recent researches of reliability tests for Si photovoltaic modules.
A Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on a Sol−Gel Nanocomposite Electrolyte Containing Ionic Liquid (2003)

TiO2 dye-sensitized quasi-solid-state solar cells have been constructed by employing a nanocomposite organic/inorganic gel electrolyte made by the sol−gel method. The nanocomposite gel is based on silica while its organic subphase is a mixture of a surfactant (Triton X-100), an organic solvent (propylene carbonate), iodine, and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazoliumiodide, which is an ionic liquid (molten salt). The last two components produce a I3-/I- redox couple. Improved results were obtained by also adding N-methylbenzimidazole. Time-resolved luminescence quenching analysis, dark dc conductivity measurements, and cell efficiency measurements were used to determine the optimal composition of the gel for maximum cell efficiency, which in the present case was 5.4%.
MPK-09, a Small Molecule Inspired from Bioactive Styryllactone Restores the Wild-Type Function of Mutant p53 (2013)

In the search for more efficacious and less toxic cancer drugs, the tumor suppressor p53 protein has long been a desirable therapeutic target. In the recent past, few independent studies have demonstrated that the antitumor activity of wild-type p53 can be restored in cancer cells harboring mutant form of p53 using small molecule activators. In this study, we describe a novel small molecule MPK-09, which is selective and highly potent against allele specific p53 mutations mainly, R175H, R249S, R273H, R273C, and E285K . Except E285K, all other mutations tested are among the six "hot spot" p53 mutations reported in majority of human cancer. Furthermore, our study conclusively demonstrates that the apoptotic activity of the small molecule MPK-09 against cancer cells harboring R273C and E285K mutations is due to restoration of the wild-type conformation to the corresponding mutant form of p53.
Beam-steering in hollow ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> distributed Bragg reflector waveguides for one-dimensional RGB imaging (2014)

A novel one-dimensional beam deflector based on a hollow Bragg reflector waveguide for RGB imaging was proposed and evaluated by modeling. Large steering range over 30° is possible by only 100 nm change in the hollow air-core thickness. Electrostatic actuation enables fast and precise control of the beam-steering with a low operation voltage. An ultra-small divergence angle and super-high resolution are expected for device lengths of a few millimeters thanks to the high coherency of the output beam. The proposed hollow-waveguide type deflector is extremely compact and can be arrayed with high density.
Distance measure for simplified receivers (1983)

A distance measure is derived for simplified coherent receivers for general digital modulation schemes. This measure gives the asymptotic error probability performance on the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is applied to some simple examples considering phase modulated signals.
Supplemental Reaeration of Lakes and Reservoirs (1966)

This article begins with a discussion of thermal stratification of impounded waters, the disadvantages of stratification, and several attempts at using compressed air to mix a reservoir. Several examples are provided of the use of aerohydraulic guns, or bubble guns, which shoot air bubbles to the surface from underwater tubes. An example of direct aeration at Lake Bret, Switzerland, is mentioned, along with the use of submerged wiers on the Roanoke River in Virginia. Various other methods are mentioned such as bunger valves that have been used in some dams to control the discharge and provide aeration of low oxygen hypolimnion waters.
Detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using immunoglobulin hypervariable region specific oligonucleotide probes (1990)

To develop a sensitive and specific assay for minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we exploited the enormous diversity of genomic sequences created by immune receptor gene rearrangements. To isolate clone-specific sequences, we first synthesized oligonucleotides that match conserved variable (VH) and joining (JH) sequences flanking the third hypervariable region (HVR3) in the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus. In polymerase chain reactions (PCR), these primers were then used to amplify the intervening HVR3 segments from leukemic DNA samples. Of 12 B-lineage ALLs studied, ten generated one or more fragments of the size expected for HVR3 gene segments. Thus, this single pair of amplimers was sufficient to isolate HVR3 sequences from a majority of acute lymphoblastic leukemias. To verify that the amplified fragments originated from HVR3 alleles and to assess their diversity, we sequenced 7 PCR products derived from 6 leukemias. In addition to elements of recognized D segments, each of the 7 fragments contained novel VH-D and D-JH junctional sequences, including N nucleotides, not known to be present in the germline. Each sequence was unique, and allele-specific oligonucleotide probes hybridized only to HVR3 segments from which the probes were derived. Therefore, as anticipated, these HVR3 segments appeared to possess the diversity required to serve as clonal markers for leukemic populations. To demonstrate that these amplified HVR3 alleles could serve as the basis for a sensitive and specific assay to detect rare leukemic cells, we analyzed in detail one pre-B leukemia that had rearranged 2 IgH alleles. The HVR3 sequences were shown to be linked to rearranged JH-containing restriction fragments in digests of genomic DNA, establishing their origin in the leukemic cells. We synthesized oligonucleotides corresponding to the unique junctional sequences in the HVR3 segments. Using these novel amplimers in an allele-specific amplification and hybridization procedure, we showed that this assay can detect 10 leukemic cells in a background of 10(6) normal blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, the leukemic HVR3 sequences were not detected in extracts of normal or unrelated remission leukemic leukocytes. We conclude that the assay for specific IgH HVR3 sequences is a realistic strategy for detection of minimal residual disease in B-lineage ALL.
Alzheimer's disease antibodies bind specifically to a neurofilament protein in Torpedo cholinergic neurons (1989)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques and by the degeneration of central cholinergic neurons. Recent studies indicated the presence of antibodies in the sera and cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients which react with neuronal tissue and which recognize cholinergic neurons. In order to identify the cholinergic antigens against which the AD antibodies are directed, we have recently used the purely cholinergic electromotor neurons of the electric fish Torpedo which are chemically homogenous and cross-react antigenically with mammalian cholinergic neurons. This study revealed that immunoglobulins (IgG) from sera of AD patients bind specifically to an antigen in Torpedo electromotor neurons with an apparent molecular weight of 200 kDa. In the present report we attempt to characterize this antigen. The similarity in size of this protein to that of the heavy neurofilament subunit (NF-H) and the association of neurofilaments with plaques and tangles prompted us to examine the possibility that it is a neurofilament protein. Our findings show that IgG from sera of AD patients bind to the NF-H protein of Torpedo cholinergic neurons. Comparison of the binding of AD and control IgG to Torpedo cholinergic NF-H revealed that AD IgG bind to this neurofilament protein more readily than do control IgG. In contrast, AD and control IgG bind similarly to NF-H obtained from the chemically heterogenous Torpedo spinal cord and rat brain. These findings suggest that AD sera contain a repertoire of anti-NF-H IgG and that a subpopulation of these antibodies whose levels are significantly elevated in AD binds to epitopes highly enriched in Torpedo cholinergic NF-H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A 66-base pair insert bridges the deletion responsible for a mouse model of beta-thalassemia. (1986)

The breakpoints of the deletion responsible for the Hbb(th-1) mouse model of beta-thalassemia have been isolated. A 3709 (+/- 2)-base pair (bp) region, including the entire beta major globin gene and 2 kilobases of 5' flanking region, is deleted. A novel 66 (+/- 2)-bp sequence, ending in a stretch of 25 dA:dT base pairs, was found to bridge the deletion. A region of the normal murine genome, containing the first 43 bp of the deletion-associated insert (DAI), but lacking the 25-bp dA:dT sequence, was isolated. All normal mice tested contain this DAI-like element and several inbred strains contain an additional DAI-like element. The sequence spanning the Hbb(th-1) deletion may be a reverse transcript of this region.
Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, and their Combination Added to Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery. (2016)

In conclusion, the combination of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and ketamine provided superior postoperative analgesia, prolonged the time to first request of rescue analgesia, and reduced the total consumption of PCA morphine, without serious side effects compared to either drug alone.
A novel large input range source-follower based filter architecture (2011)

A novel large input range source-follower based filter architecture is proposed offering a increased 1-dB compression point, without increased power consumption. An alternative feedback mechanism enables single-ended use and simplifies the bias scheme. Simulation has confirmed a 250MHz second order filter stage consuming 40uA @ 1.2V supply in a 0.13um CMOS technology with 1-dB compression point at a differential peak to peak input amplitude of 1.4V, more than doubling the input range of previous implementations with similar power dissipation.
기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 확산을 위한 입법적 검토 -상법을 중심으로- (2014)

현대사회에서 기업과 사회의 발전이 괴리가 되는 현상이 심해지면서 기업의 사회적 책임(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)이 주목을 받고 있다. 기업의 사회적 책임은 계속 발전ㆍ변화하는 개념으로 국제적으로 통일된 정의는 없지만, 현대적 의미의 기업의 사회적 책임은 기업이 이윤을 추구하는 한편, 법령과 윤리를 준수하고, 이해관계자의 요구에 적절히 대응하며, 사회에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 책임 있는 활동을 의미한다. 이러한 기업의 사회적 책임은 기업의 지속가능한 발전을 가능하게 하는 경영전략으로서의 성격도 가지고 있다. 기업의 사회적 책임론은 본래 기업(회사)의 본질론에서 시작된 것이지만 최근의 논의의 초점은 기업의 사회적 책임을 현실에서 어떻게 구현할 것인가에 있으며, 특히 기업의 사회적 책임을 기업에 관한 기본법인 상법 또는 회사법에 어떻게 도입할 것인가에 대해 많은 논란이 있다. 생각컨데, 기업의 사회적 책임을 상법의 기본이념 또는 이사의 의무로 도입하면 회사의 기본 목적인 이윤추구와 충돌할 수 있으며, 불명확한 개념으로 인하여 제대로 기능하지 못할 수 있다. 또한 기업의 사회적 책임의 이행은 기본적으로 자율규제 또는 경영전략의 영역에 속하는 것이므로, 상법의 기본이념 또는 이사의 의무로 도입하기 보다는 기업의 사회적 책임의 확산을 지원할 수 있도록 공시를 강화하거나 지배구조를 변경시키는 것이 보다 효율적일 것이다. 기업의 사회적 책임을 확산시키기 위해서 무엇보다 중요한 것은 기업이 다양한 이해관계자의 니즈를 파악하여 이에 통합적·효율적으로 대응하고, 관련 정보를 외부로 공개하여 피드백을 받는 시스템을 구축하는 것이다. 따라서 ‘사회책임정보의 공시’와 ‘사회책임위원회의 설립’ 문제를 우선적으로 검토해야 한다. 먼저 사회책임정보 공시의 의무화는 기업의 부담을 고려하여 초기에 상장법인을 대상으로 단계적으로 실시하는 것이 합리적이라 판단된다. 구체적으로는 자본시장과 금융투자에 관한 법률 제159조의 사업보고서에 좁은 의미의 ESG(환경·사회·지배구조) 정보를 우선 포함시키는 방안이 고려될 수 있을 것이다. 다음으로 이사회 내 위원회 제도를 이용하여 이사회 내에 사회책임위원회를 설립하여 통합적으로 CSR전략 및 실행계획을 수립하고 추진하는 것이 필요하다. 사외이사는 견제와 감시라는 그 역할상 사회책임위원회에 가장 적합한 구성원이라고 할 수 있으므로 사회책임위원회에는 반드시 1인 이상의 사외이사를 포함하도록 구성해야 할 것이다.
The eubacterium Ectothiorhodospira halophila is negatively phototactic, with a wavelength dependence that fits the absorption spectrum of the photoactive yellow protein (1993)

The motile, alkalophilic, and extremely halophilic purple sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira halophila is positively photophobotactic. This response results in the accumulation of bacteria in light spots (E. Hustede, M. Liebergesell, and H. G. Schlegel, Photochem. Photobiol. 50:809-815, 1989; D. E. McRee, J. A. Tainer, T. E. Meyer, J. Van Beeumen, M. A. Cusanovich, and E. D. Getzoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6533-6537, 1989; also, this work). In this study, we demonstrated that E. halophila is also negatively phototactic. Video analysis of free-swimming bacteria and the formation of cell distribution patterns as a result of light-color boundaries in an anaerobic suspension of cells revealed the existence of a repellent response toward intense (but nondamaging) blue light. In the presence of saturating background photosynthetic light, an increase in the intensity of blue light induced directional switches, whereas a decrease in intense blue light gave rise to suppression of these reversals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a true repellent response to light in a free-swimming eubacterium, since the blue light response in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (B. L. Taylor and D. E. Koshland, Jr., J. Bacteriol. 123:557-569, 1975), which requires an extremely high light intensity, is unlikely to be a sensory process. The wavelength dependence of this negative photoresponse was determined with narrow band pass interference filters. It showed similarity to the absorption spectrum of the photoactive yellow protein from E. halophila.
BibA: a novel immunogenic bacterial adhesin contributing to group B <i>Streptococcus</i> survival in human blood (2006)

By the analysis of the recently sequenced genomes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) we have identified a novel immunogenic adhesin with anti-phagocytic activity, named BibA. The bibA gene is present in 100% of the 24 GBS strains analysed. BibA-specific IgG were found in human sera from normal healthy donors. The putative protein product is a polypeptide of 630 amino acids containing a helix-rich N-terminal domain, a proline-rich region and a canonical LPXTG cell wall-anchoring domain. BibA is expressed on the surface of several GBS strains, but is also recovered in GBS culture supernatants. BibA specifically binds to human C4-binding protein, a regulator of the classic complement pathway. Deletion of the bibA gene severely reduced the capacity of GBS to survive in human blood and to resist opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils. In addition, BibA expression increased the virulence of GBS in a mouse infection model. The role of BibA in GBS adhesion was demonstrated by the impaired ability of a bibA knockout mutant strain to adhere to both human cervical and lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, we calculated that recombinant BibA bound to human epithelial cells of distinct origin with an affinity constant of approximately 10(-8) M for cervical epithelial cells. Hence BibA is a novel multifunctional protein involved in both resistance to phagocytic killing and adhesion to host cells. The identification of this potential new virulence factor represents an important step in the development of strategies to combat GBS-associated infections.
HBV Core Particles Allow the Insertion and Surface Exposure of the Entire Potentially Protective Region of Puumala Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein (1999)

Core particles of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) potentiate the immune response against foreign epitopes presented on their surface. Potential insertion sites in the monomeric subunit of the HBV core protein were previously identified at the N- and C-terminus and in the immunodominant c/e1 region. In a C-terminally truncated core protein these sites were used to introduce the entire 120 amino acid (aa)-long potentially immunoprotective region of the hantavirus (serotype Puumala) nucleocapsid protein. The N- and C-terminal fusion products were unable to form core-like particles in detectable amounts. However, a suppressable stop codon located between the HBV core and the C-terminally fused hantavirus sequence restored the ability to form particles ('mosaic particles'); in contrast to the C-terminal fusion product the mosaic construct allowed the formation of particles built up by the core protein itself and the HBV core-Puumala nucleocapsid-readthrough protein. The mosaic particles exposed the 120 aa region of the PUU nucleocapsid protein on their surface as demonstrated by ELISA and immuno electron microscopy applying different monoclonal antibodies. Insertion of the hantaviral sequence into the c/e1 region not only allowed the formation of chimeric particles, but again the surface accessibility of the sequence. HBV core antigenicity itself was, however, reduced in the particles carrying insertions in the c/e1 region, probably due to a masking effect of the 120 aa long insert.
The Theoretical Resolution Limit of the Electron Microscope (1949)

The resolving power of the electron microscope and the contrast in the image are calculated for different conditions of focusing, illumination and aperture. These conditions can change the limit of resolution by a factor of about 3. The contrast in the image of an atom is appreciably increased by defocusing and spherical aberration. Nevertheless, the contrast improves when the numerical value of the aberration constant is diminished. The effect of different methods of spherical correction is discussed briefly.
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 metabolism of hydrocodone to hydromorphone does not importantly affect abuse liability. (1997)

Enzymatic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphone is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2D6, which is inactive in about 7% of Caucasians [poor metabolizers (PMs)] and can be inhibited by quinidine pretreatment in the remainder [extensive metabolizers (EMs)]. If hydromorphone, having a substantially higher mu-receptor affinity than hydrocodone, contributes importantly to the physiological and subjective effects of oral hydrocodone, then PMs should be less responsive to the same doses, and quinidine pretreatment should cause EMs to temporarily respond as PMs. Seventeen EMs and 8 PMs who previously responded positively to hydromorphone s.c. received placebo and hydrocodone (10 mg, 15 mg and 22.5 mg p.o.) and were retested with their favorite dose after placebo or quinidine (100 mg) pretreatment; physiological and subjective measures were collected at base line and four times after drug administration, and urine was collected for 8 hr. EMs and PMs were equally responsive to oral hydrocodone, and quinidine had no consistent effect on their responses, even though quinidine abolished the pre-existing metabolic differences in hydromorphone production, as measured in urine. These data suggest only a small role of hydromorphone in eliciting abuse-related responses to oral hydrocodone.
How voters decide: information processing during election campaigns (2007)

This book attempts to redirect the field of voting behavior research by proposing a paradigm-shifting framework for studying voter decision making. An innovative experimental methodology is presented for getting 'inside the heads' of citizens as they confront the overwhelming rush of information from modern presidential election campaigns. Four broad theoretically-defined types of decision strategies that voters employ to help decide which candidate to support are described and operationally-defined. Individual and campaign-related factors that lead voters to adopt one or another of these strategies are examined. Most importantly, this research proposes a new normative focus for the scientific study of voting behavior: we should care about not just which candidate received the most votes, but also how many citizens voted correctly - that is, in accordance with their own fully-informed preferences.
Piezoelectric Effect in Oriented Polyvinylchloride and Polyvinylflouride (1971)

The direct piezoelectric effect has been observed in roll-elongated films of polyvinylchloride and polyvinylfluoride. The effect was produced by applying tensile stress to a clamped specimen at a fixed frequency of 20 Hz. The piezoelectric modulus g31 was determined to be 0.2 to 0.7 V m−1/N m−2 in polyvinylchloride; in polyvinylfluoride g31 ≃ 0.2 V m−1/N m−2 and g32 ≃ 1 V m−1/N m−2. The piezoelectric effect in these films is believed to be due to mechanical distortion of oriented dipoles, resulting from the tensile stress, and the orientation appears to differ in the two materials.
Invertir en nutricion con asistencia del Banco Mundial (1993)

The World Bank invests a considerable proportion of its resources in efforts to increase food crop production and to increase incomes of the poor, both essential to overcoming the roots of malnutrition. In addition, however, its intensified commitment to poverty alleviation and human reosurce development has led to many new projects that try to improve nutrition directly and immediately. The programs described in this booklet follow several key strategies: (a) targeting food transfer programs; (b) providing essential nutrition services to those at risk; (c) supplying critical micronutrients; (d) using a multifaceted approach; and (e) building capacity in nutrition programming. The Bank curently assists governments with nutrition-related projects in fifty-three low- and middle-income countries. Projects include a range of responses to malnutrition. Where advanced malnutrition is prevalent among the most vulnerable groups, for example, critical short-term nutrition needs are met by providing food supplements combined with complementary interventions (nutrition education, micronutrient supplementation, etc.). The World Bank also offers assistance to interested countries in identifying and analyzing nutrition problems and in the design and management of projects.