gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary arginine restriction upon ornithine and polyamine metabolism during two-stage epidermal carcinogenesis in the mouse. (1991)

Polyamine synthesis is required in normal or neoplastic tissues if they are to continue to grow or divide. The highly inducible enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine as the initial step in polyamine biosynthesis. The level of substrate pools of ornithine in cultured cells has been reported to markedly alter mitogen-induced ODC activity, putrescine accumulation, and DNA synthesis (V. Wu and C. V. Byus, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 804: 89-99, 1984; V. Wu et al., Cancer Res., 41: 3384-3391, 1981). We attempted to limit the amount of ornithine available for polyamine biosynthesis in an animal by using a dietary approach. Since arginine serves as one of the intermediate biosynthetic precursors of ornithine, female CD-1 mice were placed on a special synthetic amino acid diet deficient in arginine. The ability of this arginine-free diet to alter epidermal ornithine and polyamine metabolism and tumorigenesis was assessed in the mouse two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis. The basal level of ornithine in the epidermis in control animals receiving the amino acid complete diet was very high compared to other tissues (155 nmol/mg protein). However, when the mice were fed the isocaloric arginine-free diet for a 2-week period, the levels of epidermal ornithine and arginine decreased by 40% (P less than 0.01). This reduction was blocked by the addition of 2% ornithine to the drinking water of the arginine-restricted animals. Acute administration of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the epidermis caused a transient (4 and 8 h) reduction in ornithine and arginine but not lysine in the animals receiving the control, and ornithine-supplemented diets. The animals fed the special arginine-free diet exhibited a 40-50% reduction in tumor multiplicity or papillomas/mouse (P less than 0.05) and had a significantly lower tumor incidence or percentage of animals with tumour throughout a 19-week promotion period (P less than 0.02). However, the major effect of arginine restriction was consistent with an increase in tumor latency. The addition of ornithine completely reversed the reduction in the rate and extent of tumorigenesis in the arginine-free animals. The accumulation of putrescine (but not spermidine or spermine) in the epidermis following a single administration of TPA was significantly reduced in the animals receiving the arginine-free diet. The papillomas or tumors from the animals deprived of arginine had markedly reduced (less than 35%) levels of putrescine compared to the tumors from control animals, and appeared to be more sensitive to dietary arginine restriction than was the chronically promoted but untransformed epidermis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Insights into a Structure-Based Mechanism of Viral Membrane Fusion (2000)

A number of different viral spike proteins, responsible for membrane fusion, show striking similarities in their core structures. The prospect of developing a general structure-based mechanism seems plausible in light of these newly determined structures. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the best-studied fusion machine, whose action has previously been described by a hypothetical "spring-loaded" model. This model has recently been extended to explain the mechanism of other systems, such as HIV gp120-gp41. However, evidence supporting this idea is insufficient, requiring re-examination of the mechanism of HA-induced membrane fusion. Recent experiments with a shortened construct of HA, which is able to induce lipid mixing, have provided evidence for an alternative scenario for HA-induced membrane fusion and perhaps that of other viral systems.
Static Balancing of a 2-dofs manipulator (2010)

This paper proposes a gravity compensator for a 2-dofs manipulator which can be operated in hemispherical work space. The gravity compensator comprises two 1-dof gravity compensators and a bevel differential. It is revealed from analyses of energy and torque that the proposed gravity compensator can perform static balancing completely. The gravity compensation of a 3-dofs manipulator is proposed. Experiments show that the 2-dofs compensator can counterbalance the gravitational torques effectively and can be operated in hemispherical work space.
Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells (2000)

The objective of this work was to develop a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell, in which the liquid electrolyte, commonly applied in photoelectrochemical cells, is replaced by a solid organic charge transport material (spiro-OMeTAD). The dye-sensitized nanostructured solid-state junction realized in this work shows monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies (IPCE) as high as 50 % (uncorrected for transmission losses) compared to 70 % IPCE for similar photoelectrochemical cells. Maximum white light conversion efficiencies reach 1.8 % (AM1.5; 10 mW/cm2). This is the first time that dye-sensitized hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells with such high conversion yields are obtained exceeding previously reported performances by about two orders of magnitude. Transient laser spectroscopy showed that dye regeneration in the solid junction proceeds at least one order of magnitude faster than in comparable photoelectrochemical systems, however the analysis of photocurrent action spectra revealed interfacial charge recombination during charge collection as the cells main loss mechanism. Blocking of the SnO2-glass window material with a dense TiO2 layer proved to be vital in avoiding internal short circuits in the cell, while gold, platinum, graphite and conducting polythiophene polymers were found to be suitable materials to establish ohmic contacts to spiro-OMeTAD. The conductivity of thin spiro-OMeTAD films was adjusted by the addition of appropriate dopants like the diradical cation spiro-OMeTAD++(PF6-)2, which was synthesized and isolated in crystalline form. The electronic properties of organic/inorganic photovoltaic junctions could be controlled by means of a selfassembled organic layer located at the heterojunction. The dipole moment of the self-assembling molecules was found to be the chief parameter, controlling the rectifying junction properties. Finally, mobility studies were conducted on charge transport materials containing spiro-centers. High charge mobilities were measured, comparable to those of non-spiro-analogues. The "spiro-concept" therefore proved to be a powerful strategy to confer high morphologic stability to a material, while maintaining its electronic properties.
Analysis of TRAIL receptor expression using anti-TRAIL death receptor-5 monoclonal antibodies. (2003)

These results demonstrate that anti-DR5 mAb is able to specifically bind to DR5 and that DR5 is expressed at high levels on Jurkat, SW480, U87, U937 and HCT116 cell lines, and at medium levels on HL-60 and HeLa cell lines. The expression of DR5 on K562 cell line is low.
Load-Testing of Web Site Applications (2002)

The growth in e-commerce has been accompanied by an enormous need to host robust web sites. Electronic Commerce has changed the role of Information Technology (IT) function from its elementary business support to providing key competitive advantages. Rapid changes in several technologies, while improving the ability to develop and deliver web sites quickly, have also increased the complexity of designing and managing them. It is easy for a consumer or business partner to change to a different supplier if an in-house or outsourced E-Commerce site does not perform up to expectations. Implementing an appropriate web-application testing program is critical in an environment where barriers to switching suppliers of web sites are minimal. Developing robust web sites that perform well under varying loads can be ensured only by a rigorous testing of these web sites before launching them in a production environment.
Two-Photon Microscopy of Oxygen: Polymersomes as Probe Carrier Vehicles (2010)

Oxygen concentration distributions in biological systems can be imaged by the phosphorescence quenching method in combination with two-photon laser scanning microscopy. In this paper, we identified the excitation regime in which the signal of a two-photon-enhanced phosphorescent probe (Finikova, O. S.; Lebedev, A. Y.; Aprelev, A.; Troxler, T.; Gao, F.; Garnacho, C.; Muro, S.; Hochstrasser, R. M.; Vinogradov, S. A. ChemPhysChem 2008, 9, 1673-1679) is dependent quadratically on the excitation power (quadratic regime), and performed simulations that relate the photophysical properties of the probe to the imaging resolution. Further, we characterized polymersomes as a method of probe encapsulation and delivery. Photophysical and oxygen sensing properties of the probe were found unchanged when the probe is encapsulated in polymersomes. Polymersomes were found capable of sustaining high probe concentrations, thereby serving to improve the signal-to-noise ratios for oxygen detection compared to the previously employed probe delivery methods. Imaging of polymersomes loaded with the probe was used as a test-bed for a new method.
On Upstream Differencing and Godunov-Type Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws (1983)

This paper reviews some of the recent developments in upstream difference schemes through a unified representation, in order to enable comparison between the various schemes. Special attention is given to the Godunov-type schemes that result from using an approximate solution of the Riemann problem. For schemes based on flux splitting, the approximate Riemann solution can be interpreted as a solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation.
Electrically addressed and thermally erased cholesteric cells (2006)

A new electrically addressed and thermally erased cholesteric cell has been investigated. The helical pitch of the cholesteric mixture becomes longer with increasing temperature. After an electric field is applied to the mixture, a focal conic texture is formed. When being heated, the cholesteric phase has a tendency to adopt a planar texture. This is because the planar texture is stabler than the focal conic one when the pitch is longer. Both textures are stable at room temperature without external fields.
Transfer of regulatory T cells into abortion-prone mice promotes the expansion of uterine mast cells and normalizes early pregnancy angiogenesis (2015)

Implantation of the fertilized egg depends on the coordinated interplay of cells and molecules that prepare the uterus for this important event. In particular, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key regulators as their ablation hinders implantation by rendering the uterus hostile for the embryo. In addition, the adoptive transfer of Tregs can avoid early abortion in mouse models. However, it is still not defined which mechanisms underlie Treg function during this early period. Cells of the innate immune system have been reported to support implantation, in part by promoting angiogenesis. In particular, uterine mast cells (uMCs) emerge as novel players at the fetal-maternal interface. Here, we studied whether the positive action of Tregs is based on the expansion of uMCs and the promotion of angiogenesis. We observed that abortion-prone mice have insufficient numbers of uMCs that could be corrected by the adoptive transfer of Tregs. This in turn positively influenced the remodeling of spiral arteries and placenta development as well as the levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). Our data suggest an interplay between Tregs and uMCs that is relevant for the changes required at the feto-maternal interface for the normal development of pregnancy.
Experiments on mixing in continuous chaotic flows (1992)

We present the design and operation of a flow apparatus for investigations of mixing in time-periodic and spatially periodic chaotic flows. Uses are illustrated in terms of two devices operating in the Stokes regime: the partitioned-pipe mixer , a spatially periodic system consisting of sequences of flows in semicircular ducts, and the eccentric helical annular mixer , a time-periodic velocity field between eccentric cylinders with a superposed Poiseuille flow; other mixing flows can be implemented with relative ease. Fundamental differences between spatially periodic and time-periodic duct flows are readily apparent. Steady spatially periodic systems show segregated KAM-tubes coexisting with chaotic advection; such tubes are remarkably stable under a variety of experimental conditions. Time-periodic duct flows lead to complex streakline structures; since regular regions in the cross-sectional flow move through space, a streakline can find itself injected in a regular domain for some time then be trapped in a chaotic region, and so on, leading to ‘intermittent’ behaviour.
Multi-dimensional Data Model of Data Warehouse Based on XML Technology (2002)

This paper presented a method of construction of multi-dimensional data model based on relation databases and XML technology. It discussed the system structure of data warehouse, construction of logical multi-dimensional data model based on object-oriented technology, storage of multi-dimensional data model's metadata by XML document. If there are Extract and Transformation?Summary tools ,we can constrct a data warehouse system. So we can analyse data through OLAP and Data-mining.
11-Oxygenated Androgens Are Biomarkers of Adrenal Volume and Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (2017)

11oxC19 steroids and PregS might serve as clinically useful biomarkers of disease control and long-term complications in 21OHD.
Corrections to the Baseline Distortions in the OH-Stretch Region of Aqueous Solutions (1994)

The intensity gains or intensity losses of the OH-stretch vibrations and their changes of band shapes as observed in IR or Raman spectra of dilute aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and amines were able to be simulated. The difference spectra of the type {sample solution} – {standard} x {empirical factor} displayed essentially flat baselines throughout the OH-stretch region of isotropic Raman scattering. Peaks of the solute spectra which had been hidden by the OH-stretch contour emerged from the background. At concentrations below 1 M, pure water was the standard. Distortions of the isotropic Raman spectra at higher solute concentrations (1 M to 4 M) could be mimicked by phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid solutions as standards. The influence of solutes on the reorientational motions of water molecules made baseline corrections of anisotropic Raman scattering and IR absorption of the more concentrated solutions difficult, if not impossible.
Hardware-software Tradeoffs In Reliable Software Development (2005)

Advances in computer technology are offering opportunities for innovative hardware-software tradeoffs for reducing system development costs and improving software reliability and performance. However, some project managers are not yet taking full advantage of these opportunities. They tend to proceed immediately to hardware specification and acquisition, and only later turn to software planning and design. The likely outcome is cost and schedule overruns, inefficient software structures, inadequate performance, and poor soft- ware reliability. An approach more apt to produce satisfactory results is to generate hardware and software specifications together as a synergistic whole, and then acquire the two as balanced and compatible parts of the system's architecture. This paper addresses hardware-software tradeoff oppor- tunities, computer tools for tradeoff analyses, and a management approach.
Characterization of the sex steroid binding protein of human pregnancy serum. Improvements in the purification procedure (1978)

The sex steroid binding protein (SBP) of human pregnancy serum was purified to homogeneity by the sequential use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-17beta-succinyldiaminoethyl-(1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether)-agarose, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The yield of pure SBP was improved from 5% as originally reported [Mickelson, K. E., and Petra, P. H. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 957] to 34%. Homogeneity of SBP was shown by equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride containing 0.1 M mercaptoethanol which yields a minimum molecular weight of 36 335 +/- 525. The protein is also homogeneous when examined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A value of 52 000 for the molecular weight is obtained by this method. SBP partially purified from Cohn fraction IV has also a molecular weight of 52 000 by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate; that fraction is contaminated with another protein of molecular weight 90 000 which must be removed to obtain homogeneous SBP. The amino acid composition of SBP isolated from pregnancy serum is presented.
Preparation of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)molybdenum(III) and its use in the preparation of complexes of molybdenum-(III) and -(0) (1975)

The synthesis of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)molybdenum(III) is described. This complex reacts with tertiary phosphines (PR3, R = alkyl or aryl) to yield [MoCl3(PR3)3], [MoCl3(thf)(PR3)2], or [MoCl3(thf)2(PR3)](thf = tetrahydrofuran) depending on the size of R. Some binuclear complexes have also been isolated. The complex [MoCl3(thf)3] reacts with various phosphines and magnesium or sodium amalgam in the presence of nitrogen to form molybdenum(0) complexes including [Mo(N2)2(PMe2Ph)4], [Mo(N2)2(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2], [Mo(PH2Ph)6], and [Mo(Ph2PCH2PPh2)3].
A novel pentadentate ligand 2,6-bis[methoxybis(2-pyridyl)methyl]pyridine L for mononuclear iron(ii) and manganese(ii) compounds; synthesis and crystal structures of [FeL(MeCN)][ClO4]2 and [(MnL(H2O)][ClO4]2 (1997)

A novel pentadentate ligand L is capable of stabilising Fe-II and Mn-II centres, the first of which gives a transient iron hydroperoxide species upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
A Simplified Positive-Sense-RNA Virus Construction Approach That Enhances Analysis Throughput (2013)

Here we present an approach that advances the throughput of a genetic analysis of a positive-sense RNA virus by simplifying virus construction. It enabled comprehensive dissection of a complex, multigene phenotype through rapid derivation of a large number of chimeric viruses and construction of a mutant library directly from a virus pool. The versatility of the approach described here expands the applicability of diverse genetic approaches to study these viruses.
[Monitoring of plasma concentration of imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia]. (2011)

IM significantly improves cytogenetic and molecular response, event-free survival, and overall survival for patients with Ph-positive CML. The Cmins of IM exerts a significant impact on clinical response (CCyR and MMR at 1 year).
Effects of Temporary Functional Deafferentation on the Brain, Sensation, and Behavior of Stroke Patients (2012)

Following stroke, many patients suffer from chronic motor impairment and reduced somatosensation in the stroke-affected body parts. Recent experimental studies suggest that temporary functional deafferentation (TFD) of parts of the stroke-affected upper limb or of the less-affected contralateral limb might improve the sensorimotor capacity of the stroke-affected hand. The present study sought evidence of cortical reorganization and related sensory and motor improvements following pharmacologically induced TFD of the stroke-affected forearm. Examination was performed during 2 d of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Thirty-six human patients were deafferented on the stroke-affected forearm by an anesthetic cream (containing lidocaine and prilocaine) on one of the 2 d, and a placebo cream was applied on the other. The order of TFD and placebo treatment was counterbalanced across patients. Somatosensory and motor performance were assessed using a Grating orienting task and a Shape-sorter-drum task, and with somatosensory-evoked magnetic fields. Evoked magnetic fields showed significant pre- to postevaluation magnitude increases in response to tactile stimulation of the thumb of the stroke-affected hand during TFD but not following placebo treatment. We also observed a rapid extension of the distance between cortical representations of the stroke-affected thumb and little finger following TFD but not following placebo treatment. Moreover, somatosensory and motor performance of the stroke-affected hand was significantly enhanced during TFD but not during placebo treatment. Thus, pharmacologically induced TFD of a stroke-affected forearm might improve the somatosensory and motor functions of the stroke-affected upper limb, accompanied by cortical plasticity.
Neural Plasticity: The Biological Substrate For Neurorehabilitation (2010)

Decades of basic science have clearly demonstrated the capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to structurally and functionally adapt in response to experience. The field of neurorehabilitation has begun to use this body of work to develop neurobiologically informed therapies that harness the key behavioral and neural signals that drive neural plasticity. The present review describes how neural plasticity supports both learning in the intact CNS and functional improvement in the damaged or diseased CNS. A pragmatic, interdisciplinary definition of neural plasticity is presented that may be used by both clinical and basic scientists studying neurorehabilitation. Furthermore, a description of how neural plasticity may act to drive different neural strategies underlying functional improvement after CNS injury or disease is provided. The understanding of the relationship between these different neural strategies, mechanisms of neural plasticity, and changes in behavior may facilitate the development of novel, more effective rehabilitation interventions.