gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b> Grapevine leafroll‐associated viruses and grapevine virus A in selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cultivars in northern Italy </b> (1996)

The occurrence of grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 1 (GLRaV‐1), grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) and grapevine virus A (GVA) was demonstrated in a viticultural region of northern Italy (Emilia‐Romagna) using immunoelectron microscopy. Virus incidence was subsequently assessed using ELISA. A total of 60.6% of the 150 clone selections tested, from 18 local Vitis vinifera cultivars, were found to be infected. ELISA did not reveal the presence of grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2) or grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 5 (GLRaV‐5). GLRaV‐1, GLRaV‐3 and GVA were found individually and in various combinations. The most common findings were GLRaV‐1 alone (25.3%) and associated with GVA (33%). Serological data confirmed that the majority (91%) of the clones known to be affected by grapevine leafroll (GLR), on its own or in association with rugose wood (RW), contained viruses. On the other hand, where the RW phenomenon was present on its own, only 40% of these clones were ELISA‐positive. The implications for the biology of GLR and RW are discussed and the complex aetiology of these grapevine diseases is confirmed.
A Noise Reduction and Linearity Improvement Technique for a Differential Cascode LNA (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A typical common source cascode low-noise amplifier (CS-LNA) can be treated as a CS-CG two stage amplifier. In the published literature, an inductor is added at the drain of the main transistor to reduce the noise contribution of the cascode transistors. In this work, an inductor connected at the gate of the cascode transistor and capacitive cross-coupling are strategically combined to reduce the noise and the nonlinearity influences of the cascode transistors in a differential cascode CS-LNA. It uses a smaller noise reduction inductor compared with the conventional inductor based technique. It can reduce the noise, improve the linearity and also increase the voltage gain of the LNA. The proposed technique is theoretically formulated. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, a 2.2 GHz inductively degenerated CS-LNA was fabricated using TSMC 0.35 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu$</tex></formula>m CMOS technology. The resulting LNA achieves 1.92 dB noise figure, 8.4 dB power gain, better than 13 dB S11, more than 30 dB isolation (S12), and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${-}$</tex> </formula>2.55 dBm IIP3, with the core fully differential LNA consuming 9 mA from a 1.8 V power supply. </para>
Synthesis of geometrical isomers of .beta.-arylamidoacrylic esters (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of geometrical isomers of .beta.-arylamidoacrylic estersD. John Aberhart and Horng-Jau LinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 18, 3749–3751Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00331a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (452 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Constitutive activation of JAKs and STATs in BCR-Abl-expressing cell lines and peripheral blood cells derived from leukemic patients (1997)

An important step in the oncogenic transformation of hemopoietic cells and the subsequent development of leukemia is the proliferation of tumor cells in the absence of exogenous growth factors. In most cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia and in some cases of acute myelocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia, the bcr-abl oncogene is involved in this process. Although the BCR-Abl oncoprotein demonstrates enhanced tyrosine kinase activity in leukemic cells, the mechanism by which this leads to growth factor independence remains poorly defined. One proposed mechanism is the activation of cytokine signal transduction pathways, possibly by an autocrine loop involving IL-3 and/or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. Examination of several different cell lines expressing BCR-Abl demonstrates that some of these cells have constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. We have found the constitutive activation of STAT5 in most, but not all, cell lines expressing BCR-Abl. This constitutive activation of STAT5 is variably associated with a corresponding activation of JAK kinases. Ab blocking studies show that the activation of STAT5 in these cell lines cannot be attributed to the activation of an IL-3/granulocyte-macrophage CSF-driven autocrine loop. Interestingly, samples of peripheral blood cells derived from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia, which express BCR-Abl, demonstrate constitutive activation of STAT family members. These studies suggest that in a variety of leukemic states, BCR-Abl may use a bypass mechanism to activate cytokine signal transduction pathways.
A bit-serial architecture for VLSI Viterbi processor (2003)

Viterbi decoding complexity has limited constraint lengths to K=7 and less in fixed constraint length systems. The architecture of a bit-serial Viterbi processor chip that can be used to implement expandable-constraint-length decoders is detailed. Its operation is based on modeling the trellis diagram. This chip can operate with codes of rate 1/2 or 1/3 at data rates in the 100 to 200 kb/s range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
What is a thirteener (2016)

BOOK REVIEW/ Empowering your teams will help you successfully implement your corporate vision. With Thirteeners, Daniel Prosser draws on his real-world CEO experience to offer a blueprint for CEOs and managers to address these challenges.
Content Adaptation and Shared State Distribution for Multiplayer Mobile Games (2006)

Typically games on mobile devices are limited to standalone single player games that are not only simple but also are limited by the device capabilities on which they are being played. With the advancement of networking technology, mobile multiplayer games have started to evolve. Nevertheless, these games are played on homogenous devices that have limited functionality and performance. For performance, scalability and heterogeneity, it is important that mobile multiplayer games be played on heterogeneous devices and able to support large number of players for an immersive experience. This demands that players not only receive the content as quickly as possible but also the content be adapted to the device capabilities. Further as different devices have different computing capabilities; it seems reasonable to distribute resources dynamically among the mobile players’ devices so that the overall shared state is maintained in a consistent state. In this paper we highlight the issues related to multiplayer gaming on mobile devices and provide a proposal for content adaptation and shared state distribution for multiplayer games on mobile devices based on dynamic scripting approach
Optical control of THz reflectivity with surface waves (2011)

We propose an experimental demonstration of a THz modulator with a visible optical command. The device is a n-doped GaAs grating with subwavelength dimensions. The principle of this modulator is the control of the THz resonant absorption by surface waves supported by the grating. This absorption is modulated with low power visible light, leading to a modulation of the reflected THz beam. From experimental polarized THz reflectivity measurement of the grating, we show that a depletion layer at the surface of the doped GaAs has to be taken into account to correctly describe the observed resonant absorption. From experimental observation and modeling we are able to ascribe this absorption to the coupling of incident THz light with surface plasmon-phonon polariton mode propagating along each wall of the grating. Thus, each wall acts as a nano-antenna that resonantly absorbs light. The grating can be viewed as a metamaterial composed of individual resonators. The theoretical model indicates that the reflectivity dip linked to the surface wave is sensible to the electronic density in the walls of the grating. We performed an experiment to measure the THz reflectivity while illuminating the grating with visible photons having energy higher than the bandgap of GaAs. The created photoelectrons change the effective mode index, leading to a shift of the resonant absorption frequency. This demonstrates the modulation of THz radiation around 8.5 THz with a visible optical command at room temperature.
Enhancing calstabin binding to ryanodine receptors improves cardiac and skeletal muscle function in heart failure (2005)

Abnormalities in intracellular calcium release and reuptake are responsible for decreased contractility in heart failure (HF). We have previously shown that cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are protein kinase A-hyperphosphorylated and depleted of the regulatory subunit calstabin-2 in HF. Moreover, similar alterations in skeletal muscle RyR have been linked to increased fatigability in HF. To determine whether restoration of calstabin binding to RyR may ameliorate cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in HF, we treated WT and calstabin-2-/- mice subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) with JTV519. JTV519, a 1,4-benzothiazepine, is a member of a class of drugs known as calcium channel stabilizers, previously shown to increase calstabin binding to RyR. Echocardiography at 21 days after MI demonstrated a significant increase in ejection fraction in WT mice treated with JTV519 (45.8 +/- 5.1%) compared with placebo (31.1 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.05). Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed increased amounts of calstabin-2 bound to the RyR2 channel in JTV519-treated WT mice. However, JTV519 did not show any of these beneficial effects in calstabin-2-/- mice with MI. Additionally, JTV519 improved skeletal muscle fatigue in WT and calstabin-2-/- mice with HF by increasing the binding of calstabin-1 to RyR1. The observation that treatment with JTV519 improved cardiac function in WT but not calstabin-2-/- mice indicates that calstabin-2 binding to RyR2 is required for the beneficial effects in failing hearts. We conclude that JTV519 may provide a specific way to treat the cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathy in HF by increasing calstabin binding to RyR.
Total Synthesis of Colombiasin A (2001)

Colombian corals of the species Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae produce the title compound, colombiasin A (1). This structurally novel, biologically active tetracyclic compound has now been synthesized for the first time in racemic form. Preliminary studies toward the asymmetric total synthesis of both enantiomers indicate that the determination of the absolute stereochemistry can be expected soon.
Exchange of two-spin order in nuclear magnetic resonance: separation of exchange and cross-relaxation processes (1985)

The measurement of the migration of longitudinal 2-spin order by 2-dimensional (2D) exchange spectroscopy or by selective 1-dimensional (1D) methods (2D or 1D zz-exchange spectroscopy) allows unambiguous differentiation between chem. exchange and cross-relaxation processes in complex nuclear spin systems, provided a fragment with at least 2 coupled spins is transferred from 1 site to another in the exchange process. Compared to conventional 2D exchange spectroscopy, zz-exchange studies have the advantage that cross-peaks due to migration of zz-order usually suffer less from overlaps than the corresponding cross-peaks in 2D exchange spectra which often appear close to the diagonal. An attractive feature of zz-exchange spectroscopy is that it allows one to distinguish cross-relaxation processes (nuclear Overhauser effects) that occur within scalar-coupled spin systems (e.g., within individual amino acid residues in proteins) from processes where magnetization is transferred between different spin systems (e.g., between different amino acid residues in proteins). [on SciFinder (R)]
Gas Sensing Characteristics of Superconducting Cuprates (1991)

Abstract Gas sensing characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7−δ, La2−x SrxCuO4, and Bi2Y1−xCaxSr2Cu2O8 have been examined. La2−x SrxCuO4 (x = 0.075), and Bi2YSr2Cu2O8 are found to show good sensitivity (≈10 ppm) to ethyl alcohol and such vapours.
High Doses of alpha-Interferon Are Required in Chronic Hepatitis Due to Coinfection With Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: long term results of a prospective randomized trial (2001)

Even though the percentage was not very high, the sustained response, the striking histological improvement, and the lack of development of cirrhosis achieved in these patients, indicate that with HBV-HCV coinfection, a trial with high doses of interferon is strongly recommended.
Lossless Volume Data Compression Schemes. (2007)

Volumetric data is one of the most frequently generated type of data in modern medical imaging. Technical advances in the respective scanning technologies also increase the amount of data that is generated by a typical scanner. Since 1971 with the introduction of the first CT scanner, the space requirements for representing data have increased rapidly, in essence at an exponential rate. In this paper, we examine various compression methods for their applicability for volume data, focusing on the reduced space requirements of the approaches. We apply these methods to a wide range of 8bit and 10-12bit volume datasets, thus exposing strengths and weaknesses of the compression methods. In summary, significant differences in compression performances clearly indicate which compression techniques should be used.
Micronized Sorghum Grain. II. Influence in In Vitro Digestibility, In Vitro Gas Production and Gelatinization (1975)

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of micronizing sorghum grain on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), in vitro gas production and gelatinization. In trial 1, micronized sorghum (MS) was compared with dry rolled sorghum (DRS). In trial 2, three densities of MS (412, 322 and 232 g/l) were compared to DRS. In trial 1, MS showed an increased (P < .05) IVDMD over DRS during each of three IVDMD incubation periods, 6, 12 and 24 hr; moreover, as the degree of micronization increased in trial 2 so did the IVDMD (P < .05) during all three incubation periods (MS-232 > MS-322 > MS-412 > DRS). Gas production studies showed a significantly higher rate of gas production from the micronized grain (P < .01), indicating increased starch availability. Moreover, gas production (P < .01) and gelatinization (P < .05) increased with degree of micronization.
Detecting Certain Power Line Faults That Disrupt Sensitive Electronic Loads (1989)

AC (alternating current) power is generally distributed in a voltage waveform that closely approximates a sinusoidal function with respect to time. Sensitive electronic loads, including computers and medical equipment, may be disrupted by substantial deviations from this sine wave approximation. A floating-window algorithm is described which performs a triggering function that detects changes in the voltage waveform which may disrupt sensitive electronic loads. This triggering function may be used to capture digitally sampled power line disturbances so their cause may be identified and corrected. (The' algorithm may have other applications where deviation from a repetitive waveform must be detected, such as electrocardiograms.) IN GENERAL, power supplies for electronic loads are designed to accept AC power within a certain range of RMS voltages and a certain range of frequencies. It is generally presumed by the power supply designer that the voltage will be delivered to the power supply in an approximation of a sine wave with respect to time. However, in practical applications, substantial variations from a pure sine wave may be encountered. These variations may include reduced peak voltage, sub-cycle dropouts, and other variations in the waveform. In some practical applications, these variations from an ideal sine wave may be constant and can be observed with an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer. But in most applications, these variations are introduced by changing loads or switches on the distribution system and are thus transitory in nature and can only be observed if they are captured and held for later examination. These transitory faults in AC power can take on increased significance in servicing electronic equipment in the field, as they must be distinguished from other causes of intermittent failures that may occur with similar or identical symptoms. Traditionally, power line sine waves have been examined using oscilloscopes or their digital sampkg equivalents. This sampling technology is well understood. However, because power disturbances axe relatively rare events, sampling generates vast quantities of data points, most of which describe points which are not interesting, i.e. data points which do not deviate enough from the ideal waveform to disrupt the operation of an electronic load. Consequently, a triggering algorithm is required which allows selective recording of data points which show significant flaws. (Typically, a triggering algorithm is applied to a FIFO (First In First Out) register of data points to allow capture and display of pre-trigger data.)
BBO: BPMN 2.0 Based Ontology for Business Process Representation (2019)

Any industrial company has its own business processes, which is a number of related tasks that have to be executed to reach well-defined goals. In order to analyze, improve, simulate and automate these processes, it is essential to represent them in a formal way. The activity of representing business processes is known as Business Process Modelling(BPM); it is an active research area that attracts more and more attention with the emergence of Industry 4.0. Semantic Web technologies, especially ontologies, are promising means to advance BPM and to realize the Industry 4.0 vision. In this scope, we developed the BBO (BPMN 2.0 Based Ontology) ontology for business process representation, by reusing existing ontologies and meta-models like BPMN 2.0, the state-of-the-art meta-model for business process representation.We evaluated BBO using schema metrics, which showed that it was a deep and rich ontology with a variety of relationships. Thanks to a use case,we illustrated the ability of BBO to represent real business processes in a fine-grained way and to express and answer the competency questions identified at the specification stage.
Interface diffusion and reaction between TiO <sub>2</sub> film photocatalyst and aluminium alloy substrate (2001)

Abstract A compact TiO 2 film of thickness ∼300 nm was deposited on aluminium alloy substrates by using the sol–gel method with Ti(OBu) 4 as a precursor. It was found that Al in the alloy substrate not only diffused into the TiO 2 layer but also reacted with O 2 that diffused from the air to form an interface layer of Al 2 O 3 species on the interface between the TiO 2 layer and the aluminium alloy substrate during the annealing treatment. With annealing temperature and time increasing, the diffusion of Al was promoted significantly. Although Al diffused into the TiO 2 layer and existed as a metallic in the layer, it did not interact chemically with the TiO 2 layer. Because it was only a physical mixture of metallic Al and TiO 2 species in the layer, Al did not enter the lattice of TiO 2 . The interface diffusion only influenced the ultraviolet absorbency of the TiO 2 film photocatalyst and had no influence on the peak position. The diffusion and existence of metallic Al in the TiO 2 layer did not influence the formation of a TiO 2 layer with the anatase structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phospho-CRKL monitoring for the assessment of BCR-ABL activity in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated with nilotinib (2008)

Actual BCR-ABL kinase inhibition in vivo as determined by phospho-CRKL (pCRKL) monitoring has been recognized as a prognostic parameter in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with imatinib. We report a biomarker sub-study of the international phase I clinical trial of nilotinib (AMN107) using the established pCRKL assay in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A minimum dose (200 mg) required for effective BCR-ABL inhibition in imatinib resistant/intolerant leukemia was determined. The pre-clinical activity profile of nilotinib against mutant BCR-ABL was largely confirmed. Substantial differences between peripheral blood baseline pCRKL/CRKL ratios were observed when comparing chronic myeloid leukemia with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Finally, rapid BCR-ABL-reactivation shortly after starting nilotinib treatment was seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with progressive disease carrying the P-loop mutations Y253H, E255K, or mutation T315I. Monitoring the actual BCR-ABL inhibition in nilotinib treated patients using pCRKL as a surrogate is a means to establish effective dosing and to characterize resistance mechanisms against nilotinib.
Preparation and Characterization of Starch Acetate (1995)

Abstract Acetylation of native hydrolyzed and oxidized, maize starch has been studied. The different factors affecting acetylation process were investigated. These factors include liquor ratio, acetic anhydride, perchloric acid concentration, reaction time and temperature. Also investigated were characterization and application of the acetylated starches in textile warp sizing. The acetyl content increases to reach a maximum and then decreases on increasing either liquor ratio or perchloric acid concentration. Also it increases with increasing acetic anhydride concentration within the range examined whereas the actylation reaction efficiency % decreases. Hydrolysis of starch prior acetylation inhances the susceptibility of the starch towards acetylation whereas oxidation do the reverse. The solubility of acetylated starches derived from hydrolyzed or oxidized starches increases more than that of acetylated native starch. The solubility depends on the extent of acetylation and of the modification prior acetylation. Acetylation of starch improves its sizeability of cotton yarns.