gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Glutamate-104 in Generating a Transition State Analogue Inhibitor at the Active Site of Cytidine Deaminase (1996)

The 19F-NMR resonance of 5-[19F]fluoropyrimidin-2-one ribonucleoside moves upfield when it is bound by wild-type cytidine deaminase from Escherichia coli, in agreement with UV and X-ray spectroscopic indications that this inhibitor is bound as the rate 3,4-hydrated species 5-fluoro-3,4-dihydrouridine, a transition state analogue inhibitor resembling an intermediate in direct water attack on 5-fluorocytidine. Comparison of pKa values of model compounds indicates that the equilibrium constant for 3,4-hydration of this inhibitor in free solution is 3.5 x 10(-4) M, so that the corrected dissociation constant of 5-fluoro-3,4-dihydrouridine from the wild-type enzyme is 3.9 x 10(-11) M. Very different behavior is observed for a mutant enzyme in which alanine replaces Glu-104 at the active site, and kcat has been reduced by a factor of 10(8). 5-[19F]Fluoropyrimidin-2-one ribonucleoside is strongly fluorescent, making it possible to observe that the mutant enzyme binds this inhibitor even more tightly (Kd = 4.4 x 10(-8) M) than does the native enzyme (Kd = 1.1 x 10(-7) M). 19F-NMR indicates, however, that the E104A mutant enzyme binds the inhibitor without modification, in a form that resembles the substrate in the ground state. These results are consistent with a major role for Glu-104, not only in stabilizing the ES++ complex in the transition state, but also in destabilizing the ES complex in the ground state.
Forecasting Transformer Reliability (2006)

In this paper the concept of an integral transformer lifetime model is presented. The model provides the best possible prediction of future behaviour given the data available. It treats remaining life in terms of future failure probability, thereby giving better support to the decision taking process than a mere remaining life estimate. The core of the model is a generic description of ageing processes, coupled to a probabilistic approach. The approach presented utilizes various techniques to reduce the uncertainty that is inherent to modelling processes with incomplete knowledge of the operational history. One technique couples the process model to externally measurable quantities; another technique involves a sensitivity analysis, which shows what additional input data gives the most efficient way to improve accuracy. We will illustrate the approach by applying it to a well-known degradation process: thermal degradation of the transformer winding insulation.
Presence of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding osteocalcin, a marker of bone turnover, in bone marrow megakaryocytes and peripheral blood platelets (1994)

Osteocalcin (Oc), an abundant gamma-carboxylated protein (mol wt, 5800) of bone matrix, is used as a serum marker of bone turnover because it is considered to be uniquely synthesized by the osteoblast. Our finding of Oc messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat tibial diaphyseal marrow led us to investigate the cellular origins of Oc mRNA in peripheral blood and bone marrow. In anticoagulated blood, Oc mRNA was detected in total RNA prepared from buffy coat cells (BCC). Fractionation of rat and human blood showed that platelets contain Oc mRNA identical to that found in bone cells. In rat bone marrow, Oc mRNA is highly enriched in the platelet-producing megakaryocyte population. Depending upon the RIA used, immunoreactive Oc was either undetectable or present at very low levels in platelets and megakaryocytes, suggesting that synthesis of Oc by these cells may be under strong translational regulation. In addition, Oc levels were higher in serum vs. plasma obtained from the same blood, suggesting that Oc may be released by platelets during blood clotting. Interestingly, the magnitude of this difference was greater in female rats. Injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose-dependently increased plasma Oc, but did not cause correlative changes in steady state levels of Oc mRNA in BCC. During rat growth, plasma Oc was maximal, whereas Oc mRNA levels in BBC were low. This relationship was reversed during aging. A correlation between Oc mRNA levels in BCC and rat age suggests a developmental regulation of Oc mRNA levels in platelets. These data indicate that Oc mRNA is not restricted to cells on mineralizing surfaces, but is also found in megakaryocytes and peripheral blood platelets, which possibly contribute to the Oc levels in blood and the regulation of bone turnover.
A New Sequencing Control Strategy for Air-Handling Units (1999)

Air-handling unit (AHU) controllers commonly use sequencing logic to determine the most economic way to use the components of the AHU to maintain the supply air temperature at a setpoint value. The objective of this paper is to introduce the finite state machine (FSM) sequencing control strategy for AHUs and to compare this strategy with a traditional split-range sequencing control strategy. The FSM control strategy represents a paradigm shift in the way sequencing logic is developed, illustrated, and implemented for the control of HVAC systems. Simulation results obtained from representative weather data for each month of the year are presented to demonstrate the performance of the two sequencing strategies with respect to the controller gains (proportional gain and integral time) used for the heating coil, cooling coil, and mixing box dampers. Simulation results demonstrate that in comparison to the split-range control strategy, the FSM control strategy leads to more stable operation of the AHU when the feedback controller(s) used to control the supply air temperature is (are) poorly tuned.
Front Matter (2020)

No AccessJul 2020Front MatterAuthors/Editors: International Finance CorporationInternational Finance Corporationhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1548-5_fmAboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (0.5 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Next chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: June 2020ISBN: 978-1-4648-1548-5e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-1549-2 Copyright & Permissions PDF DownloadLoading ...
The <i>defective kernel 1</i> ( <i>dek1</i> ) gene required for aleurone cell development in the endosperm of maize grains encodes a membrane protein of the calpain gene superfamily (2002)

Endosperm of cereal grains is one of the most important renewable resources for food, feed, and industrial raw material. It consists of four triploid cell types, i.e., aleurone, starchy endosperm, transfer cells, and cells of the embryo surrounding region. In maize, the aleurone layer is one cell layer thick and covers most of the perimeter of the endosperm. Specification of maize aleurone cell fate is proposed to occur through activation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-like receptor kinase CRINKLY4. A second maize gene essential for aleurone cell development is defective kernel 1 (dek1). Here we show that DEK1 shares high homology with animal calpains. The predicted 2,159-aa DEK1 protein has 21 transmembrane regions, an extracellular loop, and a cysteine proteinase domain that shares high homology with domain II of m-calpain from animals. We propose that DEK1 functions to maintain and restrict the aleurone cell fate imposed by CR4 through activation of its cysteine proteinase by contact with the outer endosperm surface. DEK1 seems to be the only member of the calpain superfamily in plants, Arabidopsis DEK1 sharing 70% overall identity with maize DEK1. The expression of dek1 in most plant tissues in maize and Arabidopsis, as well as its presence in a variety of higher plants, including angiosperms and gymnosperms, suggests that DEK1 plays a conserved role in plant signal transduction.
Quench Characteristics of a Stabilizer-Free 2G HTS Conductor (2009)

The prospect of medium/high field superconducting magnets using second generation (2G) HTS tapes is approaching reality with continued enhancement in the performance of these conductors. While the cryogenic stability and quench propagation are fundamental issues for the design and safe operation of superconducting magnets, there is insufficient understanding and experimental data for 2G HTS conductors, in particular for the high field scenario at low temperature (<77 K) where the current sharing regime is much larger than in low temperature superconductors. The present work includes a systematic characterization of the relevant thermal-electrical properties used for both qualitative discussion and numerical analysis. Direct measurements of one dimensional adiabatic quench initiation and propagation of a stabilizer-free 2G conductor have been carried out with spatial-temporal recording of temperature and voltage following the deposition of varying local heat pulses to the conductor at different temperatures between 30 K and 77 K carrying different transport currents. The minimum quench energy, and the heat generation in the minimum propagation zone (MPZ) have been obtained as a function of temperature and transport current. The results show quench features unique to HTS such as an increasing MPZ with transport current and higher quench energies at lower temperatures. The experimental results are discussed in the context of current sharing over a large temperature range.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes based on Charge‐Neutral Ru<sup>II</sup> Phosphorescent Emitters (2005)

The synthesis and characterization of a new series of charge-neutral RuII metal complexes are reported. The compound [Ru(ifpz)2(PPh2Me)2] is a very attractive candidate for the fabrication of saturated red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode devices (see Figure) with high brightness and very low turn-on voltage.
Electron Transport in the Pathway of Acetate Conversion to Methane in the Marine Archaeon <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i> (2005)

A liquid chromatography-hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry approach was used to determine the differential abundance of proteins in acetate-grown cells compared to that of proteins in methanol-grown cells of the marine isolate Methanosarcina acetivorans metabolically labeled with 14N versus 15N. The 246 differentially abundant proteins in M. acetivorans were compared with the previously reported 240 differentially expressed genes of the freshwater isolate Methanosarcina mazei determined by transcriptional profiling of acetate-grown cells compared to methanol-grown cells. Profound differences were revealed for proteins involved in electron transport and energy conservation. Compared to methanol-grown cells, acetate-grown M. acetivorans synthesized greater amounts of subunits encoded in an eight-gene transcriptional unit homologous to operons encoding the ion-translocating Rnf electron transport complex previously characterized from the Bacteria domain. Combined with sequence and physiological analyses, these results suggest that M. acetivorans replaces the H2-evolving Ech hydrogenase complex of freshwater Methanosarcina species with the Rnf complex, which generates a transmembrane ion gradient for ATP synthesis. Compared to methanol-grown cells, acetate-grown M. acetivorans synthesized a greater abundance of proteins encoded in a seven-gene transcriptional unit annotated for the Mrp complex previously reported to function as a sodium/proton antiporter in the Bacteria domain. The differences reported here between M. acetivorans and M. mazei can be attributed to an adaptation of M. acetivorans to the marine environment.
Liquid fuel jet in subsonic crossflow (1992)

An analytical/numerical model is described which predicts the behavior of nonreacting and reacting liquid jets injected transversely into subsonic cross flow. The compressible flowfield about the elliptical jet cross section is solved at various locations along the jet trajectory by analytical means for free-stream local Mach number perpendicular to jet cross section smaller than 0.3 and by numerical means for free-stream local Mach number perpendicular to jet cross section in the range 0.3-1.0. External and internal boundary layers along the jet cross section are solved by integral and numerical methods, and the mass losses due to boundary layer shedding, evaporation, and combustion are calculated and incorporated into the trajectory calculation. Comparison of predicted trajectories is made with limited experimental observations.
Trauma-induced reactive gliosis is reduced after treatment with octanol and carbenoxolone (2011)

The present study demonstrates that two important components of reactive gliosis, cellular activation and proliferation, can be attenuated by octanol and carbenoxolone.
Cardinality estimation with local deep learning models (2019)

Cardinality estimation is a fundamental task in database query processing and optimization. Unfortunately, the accuracy of traditional estimation techniques is poor resulting in non-optimal query execution plans. With the recent expansion of machine learning into the field of data management, there is the general notion that data analysis, especially neural networks, can lead to better estimation accuracy. Up to now, all proposed neural network approaches for the cardinality estimation follow a global approach considering the whole database schema at once. These global models are prone to sparse data at training leading to misestimates for queries which were not represented in the sample space used for generating training queries. To overcome this issue, we introduce a novel local-oriented approach in this paper, therefore the local context is a specific sub-part of the schema. As we will show, this leads to better representation of data correlation and thus better estimation accuracy. Compared to global approaches, our novel approach achieves an improvement by two orders of magnitude in accuracy and by a factor of four in training time performance for local models.
A training procedure for verifying string hypotheses in continuous speech recognition (2002)

A procedure is proposed for verifying the occurrence of string hypotheses produced by a hidden Markov model (HMM) based continuous speech recognizer. Most existing procedures verify word hypotheses through likelihood ratio scoring procedures computed using ad hoc approximations for the density of the alternative hypothesis in the denominator of the likelihood ratio statistic. The discriminative training procedure described in this paper attempts to adjust the parameters of the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis models to increase the power of a hypothesis test for utterance verification. The training procedure was evaluated for its ability to detect a twenty word vocabulary in a subset of the Switchboard conversational speech corpus. Experimental results show that the use of this procedure results in significant improvement in the word verification operating characteristic, as well as an improvement in the overall system performance.
A Single-Transformation Gene Function Test in Diploid <i>Candida albicans</i> (2000)

The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is naturally diploid, and current gene disruption strategies require two successive transformations. We describe here a genetic construct (UAU1) for which two copies may be selected. Insertion of UAU1 into one genomic site, after a single transformation, allows selection for segregants with two copies of the insertion. Major classes of segregants are those carrying homozygous insertion mutations and allelic triplications, which have two insertion alleles and a wild-type allele. Thus nonessential and essential genes may be distinguished rapidly through PCR tests for homozygosis and triplication. We find that homozygous mutations may be isolated at three nonessential loci (ADE2, RIM20, and YGR189), while only allelic triplications were found at two essential loci (SNF1 and CDC28). We have unexpectedly isolated homozygous mutants with mutations at CDC25; they are viable but defective in filamentation on serum-containing medium. The UAU1 cassette is thus useful to assess rapidly the essentiality of C. albicans genes.
Bad Is a BH3 Domain-Containing Protein That Forms an Inactivating Dimer with Bcl-X <sub>L</sub> (1997)

The Bcl-2 related protein Bad is a promoter of apoptosis and has been shown to dimerize with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Overexpression of Bad in murine FL5.12 cells demonstrated that the protein not only could abrogate the protective capacity of coexpressed Bcl-XL but could accelerate the apoptotic response to a death signal when it was expressed in the absence of exogenous Bcl-XL. Using deletion analysis, we have identified the minimal domain in the murine Bad protein that can dimerize with Bcl-xL. A 26-amino-acid peptide within this domain, which showed significant homology to the alpha-helical BH3 domains of related apoptotic proteins like Bak and Bax, was found to be necessary and sufficient to bind Bcl-xL. To determine the role of dimerization in regulating the death-promoting activity of Bad and the death-inhibiting activity of Bcl-xL, mutations within the hydrophobic BH3-binding pocket in Bcl-xL that eliminated the ability of Bcl-xL to form a heterodimer with Bad were tested for the ability to promote cell survival in the presence of Bad. Several of these mutants retained the ability to impart protection against cell death regardless of the level of coexpressed Bad protein. These results suggest that BH3-containing proteins like Bad promote cell death by binding to antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and thus inhibiting their survival promoting functions.
24. Some substituted phenethyl and 3-phenylpropyl styryl ketones and the corresponding saturated ketones (1962)

C. M. Clark and J. D. A. Johnson, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 126 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620000126
Simulation of manufacturing processes and manufacturing chains using finite element techniques (2009)

This thesis presents work on the simulation of manufacturing chains, simulation of manufacturing processes (casting, forging, shot-peening and heat treatment) and fatigue life prediction by using the finite element method (FEM). The objectives and the contributions of this thesis consist of development of mathematical algorithms and techniques for mapping and transferring FE data (stresses, strains, displacements, etc.) from macro-to-macro and micro-to-macro FE models among different FE solvers and meshes. All these features have been implemented into a new finite element data exchange system (FEDES). FEDES has been developed to simulate manufacturing chains by using FE techniques. Extensive research has been carried out on the simulation of investment casting processes of aero-engine parts under equiaxed and directional cooling. Methodologies for predicting the component life undergoing low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF) have been developed. Life prediction based on the effect of the residual stresses obtained from micro machining and shot-peening processes has been investigated.\n\nFEDES has been used to simulate two manufacturing chains where the residual stresses and the distortions after each manufacturing process have been passed to the next process of the chain. Manufacturing chain simulation including casting, forging and heat treatment has been carried out on a simple parallelepiped geometry. A second manufacturing chain simulation has been performed on an aero-engine vane component which includes the following manufacturing processes: metal deposition, welding, heat treatment, machining and shot-peening. An investment casting simulation under equiaxed cooling of the bottom core vane (BCV) component of the aero-engines vane has been performed. The gap formation and the gap conductance have been studied and implemented in the analyses. The main goal is to investigate the residual stresses in the BCV cast with Inconel 718 material. Two FE solvers (ABAQUS and ProCAST) have been used for validation purposes. An investment casting simulation under directional cooling in a Bridgman furnace of a high pressure turbine blade (HPTB) with CMSX-4 material has been carried out. The effect of the withdrawal velocity on the temperature and the residual stresses of the HPTB cast has been investigated.
Dynamical Foundations of Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics (2001)

We construct classes of stochastic differential equations with fluctuating friction forces that generate a dynamics correctly described by Tsallis statistics. These systems generalize the way in which ordinary Langevin equations underlie ordinary statistical mechanics to the more general nonextensive case. As a main example, we construct a dynamical model of velocity fluctuations in a turbulent flow, which generates probability densities that very well fit experimentally measured probability densities in Eulerian and Lagrangian turbulence. Our approach provides a dynamical reason why many physical systems with fluctuations in temperature or energy dissipation rate are correctly described by Tsallis statistics.
Origin of the Doppler ultrasound spectrum from blood (1996)

Backscattering of an incident ultrasound beam by blood gives rise to a Doppler spectrum whose characteristics are affected not only by the velocity distribution, but also by certain basic aspects of the RBC's behavior. Starting from fundamental assumptions, an explicit expression is derived for the Doppler spectrum in terms of the variance in the scatterer number density and the backscattering cross section. This shows that the Doppler power at a given frequency is weighted by the backscattering cross section and the manner in which the red blood cells (RBC's) are packed (packing factor). Since spatial variations in the flow field can result in changes in the variance and backscattering cross section, the mean Doppler frequency will not necessarily be proportional to the mean flow through the sample volume. Experimental results for two different flow fields are used to illustrate these effects. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to volumetric flow estimation and the power mode display used in some color Doppler flow imaging systems.