gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA vaccination with CD25 protects rats from adjuvant arthritis and induces an antiergotypic response (2004)

Ab's to the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (anti-CD25) are used clinically to achieve immunosuppression. Here we investigated the effects of DNA vaccination with the whole CD25 gene on the induction of rat adjuvant arthritis. The DNA vaccine protected the rats and led to a shift in the cytokine profile of T cells responding to disease target antigens from Th1 to Th2. The mechanism of protection was found to involve the induction of an antiergotypic response, rather than the induction of anti-CD25 Ab's. Antiergotypic T cells respond to activation molecules, ergotopes, expressed on syngeneic activated, but not resting, T cells. CD25-derived peptides function as ergotopes that can be recognized by the antiergotypic T cells. Antiergotypic T cells taken from control sick rats did not proliferate against activated T cells and secreted mainly IFN-gamma. In contrast, antiergotypic cells from CD25-DNA-protected rats proliferated against activated T cells and secreted mainly IL-10. Protective antiergotypic T cells were found in both the CD4+ and CD8+ populations and expressed alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cell receptors. Antiergotypic alpha/beta T cells were MHC restricted, while gamma/delta T cells were MHC independent. Thus, CD25 DNA vaccination may induce protection from autoimmunity by inducing a cytokine shift in both the antiergotypic response and the response to the antigens targeted in the disease.
The distribution of trigeminovascular afferents in the nonhuman primate brain <i>Macaca nemestrina</i>: a c‐fos immunocytochemical study (1997)

An understanding of migraine must be based on data concerning the anatomy and physiology of the painsensitive intracranial structures. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus produces changes in brain blood flow and changes in neuropeptide levels similar to those seen in humans during migraine. To better understand the anatomy of the central ramifications of pain-sensitive intracranial structures we have examined the distribution of c-fos immunoreactivity in the monkey when the sinus is stimulated. Six adult Macaca nemestrina monkeys were anaesthetised. The superior sagittal sinus was isolated after a midline craniotomy and a paraffin well created. At 24 h after completion of the surgery the sinus was stimulated electrically for 1 h and the brain subsequently removed and processed for c-fos. In control animals in which the sinus was isolated but not stimulated there was a small amount of c-fos expression in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus evoked expression of c-fos in the caudal superfical laminae of the trigeminal nucleus and in superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of the C1 level of the upper cervical spinal cord. A lesser amount of c-fos was seen at C2 while no significant labelling above control was observed at C3. These data, while largely confirming the results from the cat concerning the central distribution trigeminovascular afferents, underscore a possibly unique specialisation of trigeminovascular afferents at the C1 level. Given the close evolutionary relationship of the monkey to man it is likely that the cells described in this study represent for primates the nucleus that mediates the pain of migraine.
Conductance considerations in the reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio features (1989)

Very simple vacuum conductance arguments indicate that in the reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio features, the conductance is adequate to allow etch products to flow out of the feature without building up a pressure which would allow gas phase collisions to become important. On the other hand, the conductance can be expected to limit the flow of the reactive species to the bottom of the feature where the etching is taking place, thus creating the possibility of an etch rate dependence on the aspect ratio of the etched feature.
Game-City: a ubiquitous large area multi-interface mixed reality game space for wearable computers (2003)

This paper presents a novel wearable computer interaction and entertainment system which provides an interactive physical and mixed reality computer environment that spans large areas with multi-users, and can be extended to a whole city. Our system called "Game-City" is an embodied (ubiquitous, tangible, and social) wearable computing based mixed reality (MR) game space which regains the social aspects of traditional game plays whilst also maintaining the exciting fantasy features of traditional computer entertainment.
Getting a decent (but sparse) signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants (2014)

The challenge in getting a decent signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants (CIs) is described. A breakthrough occurred in 1989 that later enabled most users to understand conversational speech with their restored hearing alone. Subsequent developments included stimulation in addition to that provided with a unilateral CI, either with electrical stimulation on both sides or with acoustic stimulation in combination with a unilateral CI, the latter for persons with residual hearing at low frequencies in either or both ears. Both types of adjunctive stimulation produced further improvements in performance for substantial fractions of patients. Today, the CI and related hearing prostheses are the standard of care for profoundly deaf persons and ever-increasing indications are now allowing persons with less severe losses to benefit from these marvelous technologies. The steps in achieving the present levels of performance are traced, and some possibilities for further improvements are mentioned. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Lasker Award>.
Oxidized LDL and coronary heart disease (2004)

During inflammation, several cell types synthesize and secrete phospholipase A2 that catalyses lipid oxidation in LDL. Myeloperoxidase, a haeme protein secreted by activated phagocytes, oxidizes L-tyrosine to a tyrosyl radical that is a physiological catalyst for the initiation of lipid oxidation in LDL. Lipid oxidation results in the generation of aldehydes that substitute lysine residues in the apolipoprotein B-100 moiety. Lipid together with protein oxidation in LDL results in the generation of oxidized LDL. We, among others, have demonstrated an association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and increased plasma levels of oxidized LDL. Recently, we have demonstrated a higher prevalence of elevated oxidized LDL in persons with high-calculated CHD risk prior to events. The odds of having elevated oxidized LDL for persons with high-calculated CHD risk prior to events were even higher than for persons with diagnosed CHD. A likely explanation is that once CHD has been diagnosed the patients are more treated with a statin that appears to decrease oxidized LDL even beyond its cholesterol-lowering effect. We have identified several metabolic syndrome components (high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, glucose intolerance and diabetes) that independently of LDL-cholesterol, predicted high levels of oxidized LDL. Finally, elevated oxidized LDL predicted myocardial infarction in the Health ABC cohort consisting of well-functioning elderly people, even after adjusting for age, gender, race, smoking, and the metabolic syndrome.
Opportunistic Packet Scheduling in OFDM Distributed Antenna Systems (2009)

Opportunistic packet scheduling optimization problem in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) distributed antenna systems (DAS) is investigated by this paper. Physical-layer channel state information (CSI) and wireless links' requirements for bit error rate are taken into account during problem formulation. The optimization aim is to minimize packet loss rate (PLR) subject to limited wireless resource, which is characterized by power, subcarrier, antenna et al. According to the characteristics of users' packet queues as well as CSI, the proposed algorithm adaptively allocates wireless resource to users to exploit as much spatial and multiuser diversity as possible. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm achieves the lowest PLR in all compared algorithms. Further more, the proposed circular DAS significantly outperforms colocated antenna systems (CAS) due to distributed antenna deployment.
Medium-sized cyclophanes. Part XV. 10,15-Dihydro-5H-tribenzo-[a,d,g]cyclononene and analogues (1973)

The preparation of the title compounds based on a novel cycloalkylation reaction of benzene is described. 1H and 13C N.m.r. spectra support the structures. A rigid crown conformation similar to that of cyclotriveratrylene is assigned to carbocycle (IIa) and the sulphur analogues (IId and e). On the other hand, the oxygen analogue (IIc) undergoes a ready inversion between two crown forms, which can be frozen at –90°. Ketone (IIb) is also a flexible molecule. The dependence of structural parameters on the conformational mobility is discussed. The mass spectrum of the sulphone (IIe) reveals ready extrusion of water on electron impact indicating a transannular proximity effect in the nine-membered ring.
Expression of a constitutive NF-kappa B-like activity is essential for proliferation of cultured bovine vascular smooth muscle cells. (1995)

We have recently discovered bovine and human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) express a novel constitutive Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)/Rel-like activity (Lawrence, R., L.-J. Chang, U. Siebenlist, P. Bressler, and G.E. Sonenshein. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:28913-28918), here termed SMC-Rel. Since cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of human vascular SMCs has been implicated in aberrant SMC proliferation during post-angioplasty restenosis, we tested the role of NF-kappa B/Rel activity in transactivation of the CMV immediate early (ie) promoter. The basal CMV ie promoter linked to three wild-type, but not mutant, copies of its NF-kappa B element was active in bovine aortic SMCs. The anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which are used clinically to reduce NF-kappa B/Rel activity, inhibited NF-kappa B driven promoter transactivation, and SMC-Rel binding activity. Treatment with either NAC or PTX was observed to slow the growth of the SMCs in a dose dependent fashion. Microinjection of either purified I kappa B-alpha, a naturally occurring specific inhibitor of NF-kappa B/Rel activity, or double-stranded oligonucleotides harboring wild type, but not non-binding mutants of NF-kappa B elements selectively inhibited SMC proliferation. Thus constitutive NF-kappa B/Rel activity appears essential for proliferation of vascular SMCs and might be a novel target for therapeutic intervention for restenosis.
Recovery and Function of Granulocytes Stored in Plasma at 4 C for One Week (1974)

Granulocytes isolated from fresh blood and stored in autologous plasma at 4 C remained in suspension longer than did granulocytes stored in a balanced salt solution. Acid‐citrate‐dextrose plasma was more effective in maintaining the granulocytes in suspension than was heparin. The function of granulocytes stored at 4 C in acidcitrate‐dextrose plasma declined markedly with storage for one week. During the first 24 hours of storage there was only a minimal loss of function. These observations suggest that granulocyte suspensions may be useful for therapeutic transfusion for up to 24 hours of storage in acidcitrate‐dextrose plasma.
Investigation of the Correlation between Structure, Elemental Composition, and Charge Carriers’ Transport in Li+, Vo Solid Electrolytes (2009)

The influence of the structure and elemental composition of lithium ions’ and oxygen vacancies’ (Vo) solid electrolytes (SE) on their electrical properties are investigated in the dissertation. The technological conditions of SE ceramics’ and films’ fabrication, which influence their microstructure, are described. The results of the investigation of the surfaces, temperature stability, and electrical properties are presented. \nLi+ SE belong to monoclinic, orthorhombic, or rhombohedral symmetries. The microstructure of the ceramics is mainly influenced by the temperature of their sintering. It has been shown by XPS that LiCe2/3PO4 ceramic is Li+-ion conductor. Complex impedance spectroscopy investigation showed that the increase of x in the systems Li1+xScxZr2-x(PO4)3, Li1+xZr2-2xAlxTix(PO4)3, and Li1+xGe2-2xAlxTix(PO4)3 (where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) leads to the increase of bulk ionic conductivity of the ceramics and to the decrease of its activation energy. Phase transition temperature in Li3Sc2–xBx(PO4)3 compounds depends on x. The anomalies of temperature dependencies of bulk conductivity of Li3-xSc2-x-yYyZrx(PO4)3 system were observed when x = 0.1, y = 0, 0.1. The anomalies are related to superionic phase transitions in the materials, but no phase transitions have been detected for x = 0.2 compound in the studied temperature range.\nIonic conductivity and its activation energy of YSZ thick films prepared by magnetron sputtering depend on their preparation’s technological... [to full text]
Increasing knowledge, increasing hope for infants? (2008)

So much is known now about infants and their physical development. Science has contributed rich knowledge of the development of humans from prior to conception, as in vitro fertilisation has seen enormous progress in our understanding of the behaviour of sperm and ova. The time in the womb has shed some of its mystery as techniques such as ultrasound improve, and macroscopic and microscopic development in the first 3 years of life has been explored, investigated, documented and in many ways mastered.
A supplier-selecting system using a neural network (2002)

Supplier selection is more and more important to all enterprises. The key to enhancing the quality of decision making in the supplier selection function is to take advantage of the powerful computer related concepts, tools and techniques that have become available in the last few years. A system that applies a technique with neural networks to select suppliers is described. The performance history, quality history, geography and price of a supplier are selected as determinant factors effecting the supplier selection. Considering the features of supplier selection and neural network models, a backpropagation neural network that includes a hidden layer is used to help selection decision.
Prognostic value of serum markers for prostate cancer (2005)

The incidence of prostate cancer has increased dramatically during the last 10-15 years and it is now the commonest cancer in males in developed countries. The increase is mainly caused by the increasing use of opportunistic screening or case-finding based on the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in serum. With this approach, prostate cancer is detected 5-10 years before giving rise to symptoms and on average 17 years before causing the death of the patient. While this has led to detection of prostate cancer at a potentially curable stage, it has also led to substantial overdiagnosis, i.e. detection of cancers that would not surface clinically in the absence of screening. A major challenge is thus to identify the cases that need to be treated while avoiding diagnosing patients who will not benefit from being diagnosed and who will only suffer from the stigma of being a cancer patient. It would be useful to have prognostic markers that could predict which patients need to be diagnosed and which do not. Ideally, it should be possible to measure these markers using non-invasive techniques, i.e. by means of serum or urine tests. As it is very useful for both early diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer, PSA is considered the most valuable marker available for any tumor. Although the prognostic value of PSA is limited, measurement of the proportion of free PSA has improved the identification of patients with aggressive disease. Furthermore, the rate of increase in serum PSA reflects tumor growth rate and prognosis but, due to substantial physiological variation in serum PSA, reliable estimation of the rate of PSA increase requires follow-up for at least 2 years. Algorithms based on the combined use of free and total PSA and prostate volume in logistic regression and neural networks can improve the diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer, and assays for minor subfractions of PSA and other new markers may provide additional prognostic information. Markers of neuroendocrine differentiation are useful for the monitoring of androgen-independent disease and various bone markers are useful in patients with metastatic disease.
<b>Subintimal Recanalization of the Femoropopliteal Segment to Promote Healing of an Ulcerated Below-Knee Amputation Stump</b> (2006)

Subintimal revascularization of a critically-ischemic below-knee amputation stump may be a useful option and should be considered in clinical situations like this.
Differences in Immune Responses Induced by Oral and Rectal Immunizations with<i>Salmonella typhi</i>Ty21a: Evidence for Compartmentalization within the Common Mucosal Immune System in Humans (1998)

Based on the concept of the common mucosal immune system, immunization at various inductive sites can induce an immune response at other, remote mucosal surfaces. The immune responses elicited through rectal and oral routes of antigen delivery were compared with respect to (i) measurement of antibody responses in serum and various external secretions of the vaccinees and (ii) characterization of the nature and homing potentials of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Specific ASC appeared in the circulation in 4 of 5 volunteers after oral and 9 of 11 volunteers after rectal immunization with Salmonella typhi Ty21a. The kinetics, magnitude, and immunoglobulin isotype distribution of the ASC responses were similar in the two groups. In both groups, almost all ASC (99 or 95% after oral or rectal immunization, respectively) expressed alpha4 beta7, the gut homing receptor (HR), whereas L-selectin, the peripheral lymph node HR, was expressed only on 22 or 38% of ASC, respectively. Oral immunization elicited a more pronounced immune response in saliva and vaginal secretion, while rectal immunization was more potent in inducing a response in nasal secretion, rectum, and tears. No major differences were found in the abilities of the two immunization routes to induce a response in serum or intestinal secretion. Thus, the rectal antigen delivery should be considered as an alternative to the oral immunization route. The different immune response profiles found in various secretions after oral versus rectal antigen administration provide evidence for a compartmentalization within the common mucosal immune system in humans.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Interference Control for Ultra-Dense Small Cells (2018)

The densification deployment of small cells emerging into 5G cellular networks can achieve high capacity, but is faced with the challenge of how to manage energy consumption and inter-cell interference well in time-varying channels. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning based downlink power control algorithm to manage interference for the ultra-dense small cell networks. More specifically, base stations of the small cells use Q-learning to select the downlink transmit powers. A transfer learning method called hotbooting is applied to further accelerate the learning speed and save the energy consumption based on the estimated user density without being aware of the network and channel model of the other small cells. Simulation results demonstrate this scheme significantly improves the network throughput and saves the energy consumption compared with the benchmark, a data-driven based transmission power adaptation scheme.
Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition up-regulates mouse kidney growth arrest specific-6 protein and the AXL subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (2008)

These findings suggest that GAS-6 may not be a final common pathway for nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced renal disease. Renal tubular GAS-6 expression following captopril treatment was unexpected and could be beneficial in preventing tubular atrophy following the onset of persistent systemic hypertension.
Experimental results from an electrostrictive multiplexed 2-D array (2002)

A 2:1 multiplexed two-dimensional array has been developed which has a sparse element pattern designed for real time volumetric imaging and a second element pattern designed for conventional B-mode imaging. For volumetric imaging a small aperture was used to provide a wide transmit beam, allowing multiple beams to be received simultaneously. A larger aperture with a more narrow transmit beam was used for B-mode imaging to improve image quality when multiple receive beams were not required. The multiplexed transducer was fabricated using an electrostrictive relaxor ferroelectric material in which array elements were activated and deactivated by a DC bias field.
[A femur head preserving osteosynthesis procedure in para-articular femoral fracture of the hip in cardiopulmonary at-risk patients]. (1990)

A series of 224 patients with fractures near the hip joint underwent internal fixation with conservation of the femoral head. Between January 1983 and December 1987 the operations with conservation of the femoral head were performed with Ender pins and Böhler nails. From January 1988 to December 1988 dynamic hip screws (DHS) were used exclusively for conservation of the femoral head. The patients were divided into three risk groups by preoperative cardiac and pulmonary risk score. In a retrospective study we compared different osteosyntheses for lethality, complications and duration of stay in hospital. The lethality with DHS was lower in risk groups II and III. The complication rate was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the group with DHS. The duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter (P less than 0.001) in the group in which DHS were used.
Identifying musical pieces from fMRI data using encoding and decoding models (2018)

Encoding models can reveal and decode neural representations in the visual and semantic domains. However, a thorough understanding of how distributed information in auditory cortices and temporal evolution of music contribute to model performance is still lacking in the musical domain. We measured fMRI responses during naturalistic music listening and constructed a two-stage approach that first mapped musical features in auditory cortices and then decoded novel musical pieces. We then probed the influence of stimuli duration (number of time points) and spatial extent (number of voxels) on decoding accuracy. Our approach revealed a linear increase in accuracy with duration and a point of optimal model performance for the spatial extent. We further showed that Shannon entropy is a driving factor, boosting accuracy up to 95% for music with highest information content. These findings provide key insights for future decoding and reconstruction algorithms and open new venues for possible clinical applications.
Automated analysis of train event recorder data to improve micro-simulation models (2010)

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