gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substantia nigra neuromelanin: structure, synthesis, and molecular behaviour. (2001)

The pigmented neurones of the substantia nigra are typically lost in Parkinson's disease; however, the possible relation between neuronal vulnerability and the presence of neuromelanin has not been elucidated. Early histological studies revealed the presence of increasing amounts of neuromelanin in the substantia nigra with aging in higher mammals, showed that the neuromelanin granules are surrounded by a membrane, and comparatively evaluated the pigmentation of the substantia nigra in different animal species. Histochemical studies showed the association of neuromelanin with lipofuscins. However, systematic investigations of the structure, synthesis, and molecular interactions of neuromelanin have been undertaken only during the past decade. In these later studies, neuromelanin was identified as a genuine melanin with a strong chelating ability for iron and an affinity for compounds such as lipids, pesticides, and MPP(+). The affinity of neuromelanin for a variety of inorganic and organic toxins is consistent with a postulated protective function for neuromelanin. Moreover, the neuronal accumulation of neuromelanin during aging and the link between its synthesis and a high cytosolic concentration of catechols suggest a protective role. However, its putative neuroprotective effects could be quenched in conditions of toxin overload.
Small-angle x-ray scattering study of perfluorinated ionomer membranes. 1. Origin of two scattering maxima (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-angle x-ray scattering study of perfluorinated ionomer membranes. 1. Origin of two scattering maximaMineo Fujimura, Takeji Hashimoto, and Hiromichi KawaiCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 5, 1309–1315Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50006a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50006a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1985Altmetric-Citations349LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
100 % Recycled Hot Mix Asphalt and the Use of Rejuvenators (2014)

The desire to find more sustainable paving practices as well as the dramatically rising binder costs driven by the growing global demand for paved roads, has led to increased interest of the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in very high amounts. So far the major industry trend has been to develop procedures, invest in technologies and build confidence in mixtures with up to 40 % RAP content. However, a few innovators have refined 100 % recycling technologies over the past four decades to a level where routine production of 100 % recycled hot mix asphalt is in clear sight. Rejuvenators are an integral part of 100 % recycled asphalt production and they can also allow to significantly increase the RAP content for conventionally produced asphalt mixtures. An evaluation of the feasibility of production of 100 % recycled hot-mix asphalt was made and the use of rejuvenators is presented in this study. 100 % recycling is discussed by evaluating ten readily available production technologies along with proposing mix design procedures and identifying best RAP management strategies. A total of eleven different products were evaluated for restoring the RAP binder grade with a definite conclusion that achieving target grade (PG or empirical specification) is possible. In addition a rheological, micromechanical and chemical characterization was performed with select rejuvenators and binders from Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) library. To further assess the rejuvenators and feasibility of 100 % RAP recycling a series of 100 % mixture tests were performed that indicated significant improvement in low temperature and fatigue cracking resistance while providing a rut resistant mixture. With the use of some rejuvenators a performance equal to that of reference virgin mix was achieved. Based on these findings of rejuvenator effectiveness a methodology for choice of rejuvenator type and dose was proposed. Finally, a cradle-to-gate analysis of environmental effects was performed which indicated 35 % CO2eq savings per ton of produced 100 % RAP asphalt mixture compared to virgin mix while cost analysis showed at least 50 % savings in material related expenses. A short video summarizing the research is available at http://youtu.be/y-rYvdGiEbY.
Glass-Si heterojunction solar cells (1975)

Experimental studies and models for In2O3/Si and SnO2/N-Si solar cells are considered for their suitability in terrestrial applications. The silicon is the active material, and the glass serves as the window to solar radiation, an antireflection coating of the Si, and a low resistance contact. Results show that amorphous windows or layers suppress photocurrent. The interfacial SiO2 layer suppresses photocurrent and increases series resistance. Suppression increases with illumination.
A 10-Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with an analog phase interpolator (2004)

A 10 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for use in multi-channel applications is presented. The module comprises a binary phase detector, an analog phase interpolator, and a 1:4 demultiplexer. The prototype macro fabricated in a 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS technology consumes 220 mW. The active area is about 0.25/spl times/1.4 mm/sup 2/. The CDR fulfills the jitter tolerance requirements set by SDH/SONET with the test being based on a BER of 10/sup -12/ and a PRBS of 2/sup 23/-1.
A Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Nitroxide Functions as a Radioprotector/Mitigator (2009)

Removal of excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by electron scavengers and antioxidants is a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the detrimental effects of radiation exposure. Here we exploited triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation as a means to target nitroxide radicals to mitochondria. We synthesized a library of TPP-conjugated nitroxides and tested their radioprotective effects in gamma-irradiated mouse embryo cells and human epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Cells were incubated with conjugates either before or after irradiation. We found that [2-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ylimino)-ethyl]-triphenyl-phosphonium (TPEY-Tempo) significantly blocked radiation-induced apoptosis as revealed by externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface and inhibition of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Using electron paramagnetic resonance, we showed that TPEY-Tempo was integrated into cells and mitochondria, where it underwent one-electron reduction to hydroxylamine. TPEY-Tempo acted as an electron scavenger that prevented superoxide generation and cardiolipin oxidation in mitochondria. Finally, TPEY-Tempo increased the clonogenic survival rate of irradiated cells. The cellular integration efficiencies of nonradioprotective TPP conjugates, including Mito-Tempo (Alexis, San Diego, CA), were markedly lower, although these homologues were integrated into isolated succinate-energized mitochondria to a similar extent as TPEY-Tempo. We conclude that mitochondrial targeting of TPP-conjugated nitroxides represents a promising approach for the development of novel radioprotectors.
Bioabsorbable composites. II: Nontoxic, L‐lysine‐based poly(ester‐urethane) matrix composites (1993)

Abstract Bioabsorbable composites were fabricated from poly(D, L‐lactide‐urethane) matrix reinforced with poly(glycolic acid) (DEXON) surgical mesh. The crosslinked polyurethane matrix was formed from the reaction of ethy1–2, 6‐diisocyanatohexanoate and poly (D, L‐lactide) triol, initiated from glycerol; the ultimate degradation products of this matrix, L‐lysine, lactic acid, glycerol, and CO 2 , are all nontoxic, naturally occurring metabolites. The composites were fabricated by two processing methods, with the final composite structures displaying very different physical properties. Composites fabricated by vacuum bag molding displayed tensile strength and modulus of 66 MPa and 468 MPa, respectively, with total elongation of 39%. Composites fabricated by the same method, but whose final cure included 24 h at 5000 psi, displayed tensile strength and modulus of 86 MPa and 3.4 Gpa, respectively, with total elongation of 18%, suggesting a more fully developed matrix/fiber interphase and a reduction in microvoids, which lead to lower force failures. As poly(D, L‐lactide) prepolymer molecular weights decreased, tensile strengths and glass transition temperatures of the polyurethane networks increased. These trends were attributed to increased hydrogen bonding with an increased crosslink density. The composites were sensitive to cyclic loading, regardless of the processing technique, suggesting an inefficient transfer of energy from the matrix into the load‐bearing fibers. This weakness was confirmed by SEM microscopy, which revelaed a gap at the fiber/matridx interface of an unfatigued composite sample, poly(D, L‐lactide‐urethane) matrix composites were found to be unique since they can be custom shaped when heated above the glass transition of the matrix. DSC revelaed the glass transitions for the matrices of around 60°C. The composites were easily shaped above this temperature, yet remained rigid at biological temperature.
Regulatory T‐cell homeostasis: steady‐state maintenance and modulation during inflammation (2014)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a vital role in the prevention of autoimmunity and the maintenance of self-tolerance, but these cells also have an active role in inhibiting immune responses during viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Although excessive Treg activity can lead to immunodeficiency, chronic infection, and cancer, too little Treg activity results in autoimmunity and immunopathology and impairs the quality of pathogen-specific responses. Recent studies have helped define the homeostatic mechanisms that support the diverse pool of peripheral Treg cells under steady-state conditions and delineate how the abundance and function of Treg cells changes during inflammation. These findings are highly relevant for developing effective strategies to manipulate Treg cell activity to promote allograft tolerance and treat autoimmunity, chronic infection, and cancer.
The Lubricity of Winter Diesel Fuels - Part 3: Further Pump Rig Tests (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The durability and performance of diesel fuel injection equipment in actual use continues to be a concern for the manufacturers of diesel powered equipment, diesel fuel injection equipment suppliers and diesel fuel suppliers This concern has been caused by recent changes to both the equipment and the diesel fuel driven by environmental legislation The term “lubricity” has become commonly used to describe the ability of a diesel fuel to prevent or minimise wear in diesel fuel injection equipment Of particular interest are distributor and rotary type fuel injection pumps that rely totally on the fuel for lubrication These pump types are commonly used in light and medium duty diesel engines Earlier work has shown that fuels with good low temperature properties have inherently poorer lubricity performance than summer quality diesel fuels (<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">2</span>)<span class="xref">*</span> Due to the need for such fuels in Canada we have been investigating the lubricity performance of winter diesel fuels for a number of years Most recently we have studied the lubricity performance of various fuels and additives in rotary type pumps and related these results to the test fuel properties, including lubricity as measured in a number of current lab bench tests</div>
Experimental characterization of the reference channel of a differential pressure sensor using pressure shock waves (2001)

This article describes the experimental verification of the hydraulic time constant related to the reference channel of a micromachined differential pressure sensor. A pressure shock wave is employed to apply a fast step impulse of large amplitude to the device under test. The impulse response of the device is captured. The hydraulic time constant of the system consisting of a channel of cross section 100×1 µm2 and length 1.6 mm and a cavity of 700×700×1 µm3 is found to be about 1.2 ms. The experimental results are compared to predictions obtained by a number of analytical models and finite element simulations.
Ceramic Processing and Sintering (2003)

Ceramic fabrication processes - an introductory overview synthesis of powders powder characterization science of colloidal processing sol-gel processing powder consolidation and forming of ceramics sintering of ceramics - fundamentals theory of viscous sintering grain growth and microstructural control liquid-phase sintering problems of sintering densification process variables and densification practice.
A Concept Lattice for Recognition of User Problems in Real User Monitoring (2011)

User problems encountered during the use of a software product are often hard to identify even after the software product is thoroughly-tested and then released. There are inevitably unexpected situations introduced or triggered by transient use patterns, however, these unexpected situations can be hardly eliminated due to various human factors on user interaction. This study of situation-oriented real user monitoring develops an application of concept lattice to represent use patterns from user interaction and perceive potential user problems. Data structure of user problem is modeled based on user problem ontology. Once a user problem is recognized, observation data of the use patterns are the subject for further analysis. In this paper, use patterns in a file upload service are used to demonstrate how the concept lattice is used and discuss about validity of the causal factors found in the concept lattice.
[Primary study on heart rate variability of non-linear dynamics in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes]. (2001)

This is a comparative study on the non-linear dynamics between 30 healthy controls and three groups of patients with single coronary artery disease(n = 20), multi-coronary disease(n = 8), and diabetic patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN)(n = 18), respectively. We selected and adopted six quantity indices of dispersed-dot plot, including the area of plot (SQ), long-axis (LA), short-axis (SA), the angle of long-axis and short-axis (ALS), vector length index (VLI) and vector angle index (VAI), and Kolmogorov entropy and fractal dimension. We found that the non-linear indices in healthy control had obvious day-to-night change, while the change in coronary artery disease patients decreased and disappeared in diabetics. By the findings that both coronary artery disease patients and diabetic patients had the turbulence of vegetal nerve system, we concluded that the vegetal nerve activity might be an important factor in heart non-linear dynamics. And marked differences in the non-linear indices were seen between the normal control, the single-vessel, multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients, and the diabetic patients, thus suggesting that these indices may be used in clinical practice.
From footprint to toeprint: a close-up of the DnaA box, the binding site for the bacterial initiator protein DnaA (1997)

The Escherichia coli DnaA protein binds as a monomer to the DnaA box, a 9 bp consensus sequence: 5'-TTA/TTNCACA. To assess the contribution of individual bases to protein binding we probed the DnaA-DnaA box complex with the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) footprinting technique. (i) dU at the positions of T2, T4, T7' or T9' completely inhibits DnaA binding to the DnaA box. At these positions the methyl groups of the thymine residues are essential for successful DnaA binding, indicating protein contact with the major groove. Additionally they are positioned exactly on one side of the helix. (ii) dU at the position of T1 or at three T residues adjacent to the 9 bp core sequence of the DnaA box allows DnaA binding. These positions are protected from UDG digestion as revealed by the footprint assay. (iii) dU at the position of T3' on the complementary strand of teh box 5'-TTATCCACA was not protected from UDG digestion in DNA-DnaA complexes. Therefore, DnaA cannot contact the major groove at this position. In addition, a slight bend of the DnaA box towards UDG would help the enzyme to access this site.
Differential Chromatographic Bioassay for the Gentamicin Complex (1968)

A differential paper chromatographic assay for the components of the gentamicin complex, designated as C(1), C(1a), and C(2), is described. The gentamicins are separated on paper strips with the lower phase of a solvent mixture consisting of chloroform, methanol, and 17% ammonium hydroxide (2: 1: 1, v/v). After chromatographic separation, the paper strips are plated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, and the zones of activity are quantified against known standards.
High-pressure phase transition in .gamma.-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-pressure phase transition in .gamma.-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitaneT. P. Russell, P. J. Miller, G. J. Piermarini, and S. BlockCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 13, 5509–5512Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100192a060https://doi.org/10.1021/j100192a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility of titanium monoxide (2001)

Conductivity and magnetic susceptibility of disordered cubic titanium monoxide TiOy(0.920≤y≤1.262) are studied. Temperature dependences of the conductivity of TiOy monoxides with y≤1.069 are described by the Bloch-Grüneisen function with Debye temperature 400–480 K, and temperature dependences of the susceptibility include Pauli paramagnetism of conduction electrons. The behavior of conductivity and susceptibility of TiOy with y≥1.087 is typical of semiconductors with nondegenerate charge carriers obeying Boltzmann statistics. The band gap ΔE between the valence and conduction bands of TiOy(y≥1.087) is 0.06–0.17 eV, and effective mass of charge carriers is equal to 7–14 electron masses.
Issues limiting the acceptance of user interfaces using gesture input and handwriting character recognition (panel) (1986)

Recently there has been increasing attention to character recognition/graphical user interfaces under the name of “gesture input”. This technique actually has a long history: “sketch recognition” interfaces of 15 or more years ago were highly praised [Applicon 73], and user interfaces using handwriting input before the wide use of text keyboards were one of the first research goals in computer science [Bledsoe 59]. The underlying character and symbol recognition technologies have been a major research area in their own right since the early 1950s [Suen 80]. The last two years have seen an upsurge in the number of developments in this area, both from commercial companies attempting to exploit new character and symbol recognition technologies, [CIC 85] [Pencept 84] [Cooper 82] and from researchers starting from fundamental questions in user interactions [Buxton 86] [Wolf 86]. However, one question still remains: “Why has this set of techniques had so little impact on user interface design practice, despite its long history and promise?” This panel discussion should give many answers to this question. Panelists include the leading commercial developers of handwriting input products, well-known researchers in the psychological aspects of graphical user interactions, and representatives of the research community for character recognition. The issue of supporting this type of interface is very timely: recent standardization efforts such as PHIGS and GKS for graphics interactions are known to have the unfortunate side effects of excluding some of the current user interface designs using this class of technology [10].
Shape memory metals. Final report (1993)

The ability to define a manufacturing process to form, heat-treat, and join parts made of nickel-titanium and/or copper-zinc-aluminum shape memory alloys was investigated. The specific emphasis was to define a process that would produce shape memory alloy parts in the configuration of helical coils emulating the appearance of compression springs. In addition, the mechanical strength of the finished parts along with the development of a electrical lead attachment method using shape memory alloy wire was investigated.
PNP-eSCR ESD protection device with tunable trigger and holding voltage for high voltage applications (2016)

A novel ESD device (PNP with embedded SCR), with tunable VT1 and VH, is proposed for high voltage applications. Tuning is achieved through design and process options. The trigger mechanism is determined by the series connection of PNP(s) and diode. The holding voltage is determined by the eSCR and additional PNP(s).
Molecular Genetic Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2008)

The heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from a complex network of cytogenetic aberrations and molecular mutations. These genetic markers are the basis for the categorization of cases within distinct subgroups and are highly relevant for the prediction of prognosis and for therapeutic decisions in AML. Clinical variances within distinct genetically defined subgroups could in part be linked to the interaction of diverse mutation classes, and the subdivision of normal karyotype AML on the basis of recurrent molecular mutations gains increasing relevance for therapeutic decisions. In parallel to these important insights in the complexity of the genetic networks in AML, a variety of diverse new compounds is being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. These approaches aim to develop targeted treatment concepts that are based on interference with molecular genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. This review provides an overview on the most relevant genetic markers, which serve as basis for targeted therapy approaches now or might represent options for such approaches in the future, and summarizes recent results of targeted therapy studies.