gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of slot reuse in dual bus multiple access networks (2002)

It is shown analytically that for uniform traffic, throughput close to twice the nominal network bandwidth may be achieved with only several erasure nodes. The optimal erasure node locations are calculated. The results are tested by simulation of the DQDB (distributed queue dual bus) protocol, yielding a realistic improvement of 40% with only three erasure nodes. Fair access among the stations is improved as well. The analytic results are generalized by providing an algorithm for determining the optimal erasure node locations and the throughput improvement, given any arbitrary traffic pattern. The application of this methodology to the related problem of bridged subnetworks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THOMAS ELIE DE BIVILLE (1986)

Biographie de T. a partir de la Vita Beati Thomae Heliae et de la traduction francaise (1 350 env.) par Jean de Saint-Martin, en octosyllabes a rimes plates qui mele au francais litteraire des traits du dialecte de la Hague
Amphiphilic Diarylethene as a Photoswitchable Probe for Imaging Living Cells (2008)

This communication reports a unique example of water-soluble and fluorescent-switchable amphiphilic diarylethene. This compound performs stable vesicle aggregation in water and shows aggregation-dependent emission in its open form. The fluorescence can be effectively switched by alternating between UV and visible light irradiation. This compound thus can stain KB cells for switchable living cell imaging with excellent resistance to fatigue.
The monoclonal antibody specific for the 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal histidine adduct (1995)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against proteins modified with the major membrane lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, have been established and characterized. The monoclonal antibodies specific for HNE-modified proteins were raised by immunizing mice with a HNE-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate. The resulting five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs HNEJ-1-5) recognized HNE-modified bovine serum albumin (BSA), but not native BSA in Western blot studies. Of the five mAbs, HNEJ-2 exhibited the highest affinity for HNE-modified proteins and a much higher affinity for the HNE-histidine adduct than the HNE-lysine or HNE-cysteine adducts. mAb HNEJ-2 did not cross-react with proteins that had been treated with other aldehydes, such as 1-hexenal, 2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 2-nonenal, formaldehyde, or glutaraldehyde. These results suggest that the major epitope recognized by mAb HNEJ-2 is the Michael addition-type HNE-histidine adduct.
Studies on Synthesis of DL-Lysine. III. Synthesis of DL-Lysine from Furfural (1963)

フルフラールを出発物質として新過程によるDL-リジンの合成研究を行なった。フルフラールから常法に従ってフリルヒダントインを合成し, エタノールを溶媒としてラネーニッケルの存在下に高温高圧の接触還元を行なって5-(4-オキシブチル)ヒダントインを好収量で得ることができた。この物質を既知の方法により,DL-リジンに導いたが,その間の条件を詳細に追試研究を行なった。
Highly photo-stable dye doped solid-state distributed-feedback (DFB) channeled waveguide lasers by a pen-drawing technique (2010)

Pyrromethene dyes doped polymeric channeled waveguide lasers with permanent DFB structures were fabricated via a novel pen-drawing technique with the patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips fabricated through a casting process as the substrates. With the high resolution dispensers, dye doped high viscosity pre-polymers were written into the PDMS grooves and the cross-section of the channeled waveguides could be controlled by both the polymer composition and the pen-drawing parameters. Highly stable laser output with 4.8 × 10(6) pulses of laser lifetime at 500 Hz of pump repetition rate has been obtained, which is suggested to be among one of the best results of pyrromethene 567 (PM567) up to date.
Improved nasal septal prosthetic button (1995)

Nasal septal button prostheses are useful alternatives to surgical management of symptomatic nasal septal perforations. The new modified button appears to be superior to the conventional button in several ways. It can be trimmed or ordered with larger or asymmetric disks if needed. The two new features of this button are (1) its flexible hub, giving it plasticity and adaptability; and (2) the tapered dome or umbrella-shaped, flexible disks, which allow for greater conformity to the septum.
Inhibition of dietary fat-promoted colon carcinogenesis in rats by supplemental calcium or vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1988)

A 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the effects of supplemental calcium (Ca) (0.5% versus 1.0% of diet as Ca gluconate) and vitamin D3 (D) (1000 IU/kg diet versus 2000 IU/kg diet) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats promoted with a 20% corn oil diet. Animals on the high-fat (HF) diet had an increased tumor incidence compared to the low-fat (LF) control diet (86% versus 53%, P less than 0.05) and supplemental Ca or D reduced this to or below the LF incidence (HF + Ca: 53%, HF + D: 47%). However, supplemental Ca or D had no inhibitory effect with LF diets (LF + Ca: 67%, LF + D: 60%). The results of this study indicate a possible role for supplemental Ca or D in the prevention of colon cancer, effective only in HF diets.
[Pharmacology of Catharanthus alkaloids]. (1996)

Catharanthus alkaloids are antitumoral drugs widely used in the treatment of malignant diseases. This review summarizes different aspects of their pharmacology (mechanism of action, resistance, clinical pharmacokinetics) as well as information on their uses in the clinical setting.
Frank H. Allen (1944–2014) (2014)

a road accident in 1988.Frank was born in Reading and raised in Pangbourne, a village on the River Thames.He gained a First in chemistry and a PhD in crystallography at Imperial College, London, the latter under the supervision of Don Rogers.His first structures were of terpenoid derivatives, done the hard way with intensity measurement by eye (Sandy helped).He moved to Vancouver in 1968 to take up a NRC post-doctoral fellowship in Jim Trotter's group.One of the structures he and Jim solved was that of the notorious drug thalidomide.To everyone's great good fortune,
Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Using a Parallel and Series Combination Feed Network (2018)

In this paper, we describe $\mathrm {a}4 \times 4$ microstrip patch array antenna with a high gain and low side lobe level (SLL) using a parallel and series combination feed network with different power distribution ratios. Several quarter-wavelength impedance transformers are connected, and the power distribution ratio is controlled by adjusting the characteristic impedance of the feed network. The optimized $4 \times 4$ microstrip patch array antenna has a $\vert \mathrm {S} _{\mathbf {11}} \vert \lt {(!{-}!)}10$ dB impedance bandwidth of 220 MHz which is a fractional bandwidth of 2.1%. At 12.5 GHz, the antenna has a gain of 18.2 dBi and SLLs of–28.0 and–26.5 dB in the x-z and y-z planes, respectively. The size of the array antenna is 100 mm $\times 100$ mm $\times 0.7874$ mm (3.5$\lambda \mathbf {o} { \times 3.5} \lambda \mathbf {o} { \times 0.028} \lambda \mathbf {o}$at 12.5 GHz).
Identification, activation, and selective<i>in vivo</i>ablation of mouse NK cells via NKp46 (2007)

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to a variety of innate immune responses to viruses, tumors and allogeneic cells. However, our understanding of NK cell biology is severely limited by the lack of consensus phenotypic definition of these cells across species, by the lack of specific marker to visualize them in situ, and by the lack of a genetic model where NK cells may be selectively ablated. NKp46/CD335 is an Ig-like superfamily cell surface receptor involved in human NK cell activation. In addition to human, we show here that NKp46 is expressed by NK cells in all mouse strains analyzed, as well as in three common monkey species, prompting a unifying phenotypic definition of NK cells across species based on NKp46 cell surface expression. Mouse NKp46 triggers NK cell effector function and allows the detection of NK cells in situ. NKp46 expression parallels cell engagement into NK differentiation programs because it is detected on all NK cells from the immature CD122(+)NK1.1(+)DX5(-) stage and on a minute fraction of NK-like T cells, but not on CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Moreover, human NKp46 promoter drives NK cell selective expression both in vitro and in vivo. Using NKp46 promoter, we generated transgenic mice expressing EGFP and the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor in NK cells. DT injection in these mice leads to a complete and selective NK cell ablation. This model paves a way for the in vivo characterization and preclinical assessment of NK cell biological function.
The Role of Alanine and Glutamine in Steroid-Induced Nitrogen Wasting in Man (1977)

1. Administration of dexamethasone, 8 mg/day (0·02 mmol/day), for 5 days to normal subjects produced negative nitrogen balance, due to early and sustained increases in urinary urea nitrogen excretion. 2. In eight subjects ingesting 0·9–1·6 g of protein day−1 kg−1 body weight the cumulative increment in urea nitrogen excretion averaged + 12·5 g (sem 2·8, P < 0·01) over the 5 days of glucocorticoid administration. 3. Increases in urinary urea nitrogen excretion could be related to both plasma alanine and blood glutamine changes by using a multiple regression equation. 4. These results suggest that corticosteroids induce increased release of alanine and glutamine by peripheral tissues, which may augment urea formation and negative nitrogen balance. 5. The correlation between increments in urea nitrogen excretion and increases in plasma arginine remains unexplained.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF ARSENIC STRESS (2000)

Arsenic produces a variety of stress responses in mammalian cells, including metabolic abnormalities accompanied by growth inhibition and eventually apoptosis. Morphological alterations in cells exposed to arsenic often suggest underlying disruption of cytoskeletal structural elements responsible for cellular integrity, shape, and locomotion. However, specifics of the ultrastructural changes produced by arsenic remain poorly understood. Various tissues and organs differ in their sensitivity to arsenic, with the liver and skin being the most studied. Characteristic skin pathology related to arsenic exposure ranges from hyperkeratotic lesions to squamous-cell carcinomas. However, molecular events in the arsenic-exposed skin still remain to be elucidated. Although mutagenicity of arsenic has not been unequivocally established, recent evidence supports the view that oncogenic mutations do occur, and that only selected enzymes related to DNA replication and repair are affected by arsenic. Sensitivity of the mitotic spindle to arsenic, particularly its organic compounds, underlies the well-documented chromosomal aberrations in arsenic-exposed populations. Arsenite-induced stress at the molecular level shares many features with the heat shock response. This includes the differential sensitivity of the stress signal pathway elements to the magnitude of the stress, stressor-specific activation of the response elements, and the protective role of the heat shock response. Oxidative stress, the central component of heat shock response, is typical of arsenic-related effects that are, in fact, regarded as the chemical paradigm of heat stress. Similar to heat stress, arsenite induces heat shock proteins (HSPs) of various sizes. The signal cascade triggered by arsenite-like heat stress induces the activity of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Through the JNK and p38 pathways, arsenite activates the immediate early genes c-fos, c-jun, and egr-1, usually activated by various growth factors, cytokines, differentiation signals, and DNA-damaging agents. Like other oxygen radical-producing stressors, arsenic induces nitric oxide production at the level of transcriptional activation along with induction of poly(ADP)-ribosylation, NAD depletion, DNA strand breaks, and formation of micronuclei. This review presents an overview of current research on molecular aspects of arsenic stress with an emphasis on the tissue-specific events in humans. It deals with current progress on the understanding of the signal transduction pathways and mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of various species, organs, and tissues to arsenic.
Identification of fractalkine, a CX3C-type chemokine, as a direct target of p53. (2000)

Fractalkine is a CX3C-type chemokine that induces chemotaxis of monocytes and cytotoxic T cells. Using the differential display method for examining gene expression in p53-defective cells transfected by adenovirus containing wild-type p53, we observed that fractalkine was induced by ectopic expression of p53. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that a potential p53-binding site present in the promoter of the fractalkine gene could bind to p53 protein. Moreover, a heterogeneous reporter assay indicated that this promoter sequence possessed p53-dependent transcriptional activity. The strong induction of fractalkine when p53 protein was expressed by a wild-type transgene in p53-defective cells brought to light a novel role for p53; that is, potential elimination of damaged cells by the host immune response system through transcriptional regulation of fractalkine. Our results imply a pivotal role of p53 in immunosurveillance to prevent cells from undergoing malignant transformation.
Disposition and pharmacokinetics of temozolomide in rat (2004)

1. Temozolomide, an imidazotetrazine derivative, is a cytotoxic alkylating agent of broad-spectrum antitumour activity. The absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of temozolomide have been investigated in male and female Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats following single oral or intravenous dose administration of 200 mg m(-2) non-radiolabelled or (14)C-radiolabelled temozolomide. The distribution of (14)C-temozolomide was also evaluated by whole-body autoradiography in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma concentrations of temozolomide and its active metabolite 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. Plasma, urine and faeces were profiled by HPLC with radiochemical detection. 2. Temozolomide was rapidly and extensively (>90%) absorbed and widely distributed in tissues. The distribution pattern of radioactivity was gender independent. Penetration into the brain following oral or intravenous administration was 35-39% based on the brain/plasma AUC ratio. 3. Following intravenous or oral administration, temozolomide was primarily eliminated renally (75-85% of the dose) as either unchanged drug, a carboxylic acid analogue, AIC (a degradation product) and a highly polar unidentified peak. Biliary excretion was minimal (1.4-1.6%). The pharmacokinetics (oral versus intravenous) were similar and gender independent. The absolute oral availability was 96-100%. Temozolomide was rapidly eliminated (t(1/2) = 1.2 h) and converted to MTIC. 4. Systemic exposure to MTIC was about 2% that of temozolomide. Overall, the disposition of temozolomide in rats was similar to that observed in humans.
The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complexes: Structure-based Function and Regulation (2014)

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDCs) from all known living organisms comprise three principal catalytic components for their mission: E1 and E2 generate acetyl-coenzyme A, whereas the FAD/NAD(+)-dependent E3 performs redox recycling. Here we compare bacterial (Escherichia coli) and human PDCs, as they represent the two major classes of the superfamily of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with different assembly of, and interactions among components. The human PDC is subject to inactivation at E1 by serine phosphorylation by four kinases, an inactivation reversed by the action of two phosphatases. Progress in our understanding of these complexes important in metabolism is reviewed.
Statics: from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them (2017)

The only purpose of static correction is to compensate for wave propagation heterogeneities in the near-surface. Significant progress has been made in seismic imaging and velocity model building, e.g. surface wave inversion, and one might think that problems related to statics were now behind us. In this paper, we will first describe key remaining statics-related issues, and then we will present, through a 2D seismic line case study, a reliable and efficient way to solve those issues. We will detail a statics method computation strongly supported by geological modelling for primary statics and geophysical tools for residual statics.
An Experimental Contribution to the Problem of Diamond Synthesis (1947)

Pressure up to 30,000 kg/cm2, and in one case 45,000 kg/cm2, has been applied to graphite alone, or to graphite seeded with diamonds, at temperatures above 2000°C. In order to maintain temperatures for times of the order of seconds it is necessary to make the apparatus large, a commercial 1000-ton press being used to generate the pressure. Two methods were used, external heating with rapid transfer of the heated specimen to the pressure vessel and application of pressure, and internal heating by a modified thermite reaction set off by the pressure itself. No detectable transformation of graphite to diamond was found in any of the experiments. In the experiments with internal heating it was established that the rate of inversion of diamond into graphite at a temperature above the melting point of molybdenum is a function of the pressure. The individual points are considerably scattered, but the mean points lie roughly on a straight line running from 100 percent graphitization at 15,000 kg/cm2 to 0 percent at 30,000 kg/cm2. Linear extrapolation would, therefore, indicate reversible transition from graphite to diamond at higher pressures. It has not been possible to check this by direct experiment. The graphite formed from diamond under these conditions has the same x-ray structure as ordinary graphite, indicating that there are no previously unknown modifications of graphite in the present range to complicate the problem. In an appendix the theoretical evidence is considered and the conclusion drawn that linear extrapolation of the equilibrium curve between graphite and diamond from data up to 1000°C gives too high values of pressure in a range above 2000° where the velocities become appreciable, and that the equilibrium curve more probably curves upward.
A linear to circular polarization converter based on Jerusalem-Cross frequency selective surface (2013)

In this paper a transmission type polarizer is presented to convert linear polarization to circular polarization. Based on a frequency-selective surface, this polarizer consists of Jerusalem Crosses printed on a RT 5870 substrate. The tuning of inductive arms and capacitive coupling between the unit cells have helped in achieving desired axial-ratio performance for the transmitted wave. The polarizer works at 17.8 GHz and provides the required 90° phase difference between the two orthogonal components, which are equal in magnitude. The structure provides around 99% polarization purity at the resonance. Theoretical analysis and results of numerical investigations related to the structure are presented.
Genetic Exchange and Homologous Recombination (2014)

After Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis is genetically the best-characterized bacterium. Homologous recombination has been an essential tool in the genetic analysis of B. subtilis, and in turn the availability of powerful genetic tools has facilitated investigation of the exchange of DNA-encoded information in this organism. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge concerning several modes of homologous genetic exchange and places emphasis on natural competence, about which much is known. A section discusses our understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of homologous recombination per se. Another provides an overview of the essential properties of these systems. The chapter emphasizes the newer work that concerns the regulation of competence and the nature of transformation-specific gene products. Competence is widespread in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The best-studied systems are those of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and B. subtilis. Several competence loci have been identified following the isolation of commutants. The authors propose that the five small ComG proteins assemble to form part of a cell surface-associated structure for the binding and uptake of transforming DNA. The implications of competence- linked induction of DNA repair genes and a possible mechanism for competence-linked induction of the SOS system are also discussed.
Growth and Development - First 60 Days (2007)

Each cotton season presents it own unique challenges. Crop management decisions are largely based on current conditions and past experiences. Growers are advised, however, not to make knee jerk management decisions based on what worked or didn’t work last season. With this in mind, a good understanding of the early growth and development of a cotton crop can provide an objective gauge to evaluate this crop’s progress, regardless of the season’s challenges. Compared to most plants, cotton’s early season growth is very slow. However, this perceived rate of early season growth of a cotton plant can be deceiving. While above-ground plant growth is slow, plants are actively developing their root systems. Sluggish above-ground growth is a result of low levels of light being intercepted by a small plant and is often compounded by cool air and soil temperatures that are normally encountered during early spring. Fortunately, cotton growth and development is very predictable. The amount of time required by the plant to pass through each stage of plant growth is consistent. This consistency is a result of plant genetics and the environment. Temperature is one easily measured environmental factor. The heat accumulated in a day can be measured in heat units (HUs) or day degrees (DDs). The minimum or base temperature for cotton growth is 60°F. Daily HUs or DD60s can be defined as: Daytime high °F + Nighttime low °F -60 = DD60 2 Plant physiologists have determined the range of heat units required for each stage of growth. The approximate rate of node or main stem leaf development can be determined by tracking the daily high and low temperatures. Up to bloom under nonstressed conditions, expect a new node with every 50 DD60 accumulations. At this rate of node production, a plant should have 9 to 11 fruiting nodes at first flower.
Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors (2000)

It has been 45 years since the first indication that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) might be a feasible approach to therapy of cancer. Since then, especially during the past decade, many antibodies directed against tumor-associated antigens have been produced, successfully labeled with radionuclides, tested in xeno-graft models, and evaluated in Phase I clinical trials. Gamma-emitting radionuclides have been used to assess biodistribution and tumor targeting, and beta emitters have been used with therapeutic intent, but with limited success in solid tumors. To place RIT of solid tumors in context, this chapter will first briefly describe the historical aspects of radiolabeled antibodies, use of diagnostic radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (radioimmunoscintigraphy), and the role of nonimmune, internally administered beta emission radiotherapy in the management of cancer patients. We shall then consider the choice of radionuclides and antibodies for RIT and preclinical RIT studies. Finally we will focus on clinical trials of RIT of those solid tumors not discussed in other chapters.