gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of melanoma/skin cancer screening in Massachusetts. Preliminary results (1990)

Although screening for melanoma/skin cancer is theoretically of value, few data are available to evaluate its effectiveness or the value of a visual exam by a dermatologist as a cancer screening tool. From the 2560 persons screened for melanoma/skin cancer in Massachusetts in 1986 and 1987, the authors followed the positive screenees to determine their final diagnosis. The authors obtained information on 85% of these persons, and found nine malignant melanomas, 91 non-melanoma skin cancers, 39 dysplastic nevi, and three congenital nevi. The sensitivity of the visual exam by a dermatologist was 89% to 97% and the predictive value positive was 35% to 75% for skin cancer. The authors conclude that the yield of screening is equivalent to that of other major cancer screening efforts and that the sensitivity and predictive value of the visual examination by the dermatologist is appropriate for a cancer screening tool.
Providing channel error protection for a 2400 bps linear predictive coded voice system (2005)

The U.S. Government has developed a real-time 2400 bps Linear Predictive Coded (LPC) voice algorithm which was designed to provide maximum intelligibility and quality within the time and accuracy limitations imposed by modern high-speed minicomputers. The algorithm which resulted provides excellent intelligibility and quality when transmitted over an ideal channel. However, the speech is significantly degraded in an error environment. This paper describes several techniques for reducing the effect of channel bit errors on the synthesized speech. These techniques cause no measurable degradation of the LPC speech transmitted over an error-free channel and they require less than a one percent increase in computer execution time.
3D Super-Resolution Imaging with Blinking Quantum Dots (2013)

Quantum dots are promising candidates for single molecule imaging due to their exceptional photophysical properties, including their intense brightness and resistance to photobleaching. They are also notorious for their blinking. Here we report a novel way to take advantage of quantum dot blinking to develop an imaging technique in three-dimensions with nanometric resolution. We first applied this method to simulated images of quantum dots and then to quantum dots immobilized on microspheres. We achieved imaging resolutions (fwhm) of 8-17 nm in the x-y plane and 58 nm (on coverslip) or 81 nm (deep in solution) in the z-direction, approximately 3-7 times better than what has been achieved previously with quantum dots. This approach was applied to resolve the 3D distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecules at, and inside of, the plasma membrane of resting basal breast cancer cells.
Hydrogen sulfide as a gasotransmitter (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are well established as messenger molecules throughout the body, gasotransmitters, based on striking alterations in mice lacking the appropriate biosynthetic enzymes. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is even more chemically reactive, but until recently there was little definitive evidence for its physiologic formation. Cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE; EC 4.4.1.1), also known as cystathionine, can generate H(2)S from cyst(e)ine. Very recent studies with mice lacking these enzymes have established that CSE is responsible for H(2)S formation in the periphery, while in the brain cystathionine beta-synthase is the biosynthetic enzyme. Endothelial-derived relaxing factor activity is reduced 80% in the mesenteric artery of mice with deletion of CSE, establishing H(2)S as a major physiologic endothelial-derived relaxing factor. H(2)S appears to signal predominantly by S-sulfhydrating cysteines in its target proteins, analogous to S-nitrosylation by NO. Whereas S-nitrosylation typically inhibits enzymes, S-sulfhydration activates them. S-nitrosylation basally affects 1-2% of its target proteins, while 10-25% of H(2)S target proteins are S-sulfhydrated. In summary, H(2)S appears to be a physiologic gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and carbon monoxide.
Slot Array Employing Photoetched Tri-Plate Transmission Lines (1955)

Microwave printed circuit techniques are readily adapted to the construction of compact antennas ideal for flush mounting on high speed aircraft. This paper describes the development of a two-dimensional X-band array consisting of 16 slots fed by photoetched Tri-plate transmission line. The design of a unity coupled series slot and the resulting mode purity problems are discussed. Several power divider configurations are illustrated and data (on the performance of some of these devices is presented. The construction of a 4 slot E-plane, a 4 slot H-plane and the combination 4x4 E-, H-plane array utilizing these power dividers is shown. Radiation patterns of each of these arrays were measured and a comparison of the individual and combination array patterns is made.
Exploring the Interface of Graphene and Biology (2014)

To take advantage of the properties of graphene in biomedical applications, well-defined materials need to be matched with intended applications.
Synthesis and electronic properties of 3,7-dianilino substituted N-hexyl phenothiazines (2013)

3,7-Diaminophenothiazine derivatives are readily synthesized via two-fold Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of 10-hexyl 3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazine with a series of primary and secondary anilines and amines. All derivatives possess two reversible oxidations at low potentials with remarkable semiquinone formation constants. The electronic structure of this novel class of phenothiazinyl-oligoanilines is additionally studied and rationalized by DFT computations and correlation studies between selected experimental and computational electronic data.
Phasing for a beam-steering array by the use of optical techniques (1966)

A steered beam of coherent light and a fixed reference beam of slightly different frequency, or colour, are allowed to fall on an array of light detectors, to produce phased outputs at the difference frequency, which can be applied to a radio-frequency array to provide a beam-steering facility.
Quantification of Mouse Lung Elastin During Prenatal Development (2008)

Elastic fibres play a crucial function during the process of lung alveolisation. During the perinatal period, any changes in the elastogenic process during foetal development may result in permanent lifetime defects. In pre-natal life, well-developed pulmonary elastic fibres should favor the pre-natal maturation of the lung and an enhanced alveolisation, which in many species, such as humans begins only after birth. The authors present a quantitative study by image analysis and by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the mouse lungs’ elastic fibre content from the 15th till the 19th gestational day.
Liposomes as targets for granule cytolysin from cytotoxic large granular lymphocyte tumors. (1984)

Purified cytoplasmic granules from rat large granular lymphocyte tumors having natural killer activity and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced a rapid, dose-dependent release of the water-soluble marker carboxyfluorescein from liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine. A solubilized, partially purified cytolytic preparation termed "cytolysin" from these granules showed identical properties. Marker release induced by granules or the cytolysin was strongly dependent on the presence of Ca2+ at a concentration of 0.1 mM or higher in the medium; Ca2+ could be replaced by higher concentration of Sr2+ but not by Ba2+ or by Mg2+. These properties strikingly parallel the lytic effects that granules and granule cytolysin exert on cells. Marker release from liposomes was stopped instantaneously when an excess of EGTA was added to the medium. The remaining carboxyfluorescein inside the liposomes was present at the original internal concentration, indicating that marker release was all-or-none from individual liposomes. Liposomes comprised of lipid in the solid phase released marker more slowly than did comparable liposomes containing fluid-phase lipids. Variation of the lipid headgroup had only minor effects on the cytolysin-induced marker release. Electron microscopy of liposomes exposed to cytolysin in the presence of Ca2+ showed cylindrical structures of 15-nm diameter inserted into the membrane concomitant with the penetration of negative stain into the liposome. These properties of large granular lymphocyte granule cytolysin strongly suggest that it operates through a mechanism similar to the membrane attack of complement.
MST1 mutations in autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by defective naive T-cell survival (2011)

The molecular mechanisms that underlie T-cell quiescence are poorly understood. In the present study, we report a primary immunodeficiency phenotype associated with MST1 deficiency and primarily characterized by a progressive loss of naive T cells. The in vivo consequences include recurrent bacterial and viral infections and autoimmune manifestations. MST1-deficient T cells poorly expressed the transcription factor FOXO1, the IL-7 receptor, and BCL2. Conversely, FAS expression and the FAS-mediating apoptotic pathway were up-regulated. These abnormalities suggest that increased cell death of naive and proliferating T cells is the main mechanism underlying this novel immunodeficiency. Our results characterize a new mechanism in primary T-cell immunodeficiencies and highlight a role of the MST1/FOXO1 pathway in controlling the death of human naive T cells.
No-Load Power Reduction Technique for AC/DC Adapters (2012)

The burst-mode control is generally used to regulate the output voltage of the ac/dc adapter under either lighter no-load condition. Although the burst-mode control reduces the switching loss, the control-IC and the feedback circuit at the output side still consume a large amount of power. In order to further reduce the power consumption at no-load condition, a no-load power reduction technique for ac/dc adapters is proposed in this paper. At first, the proposed technique employs a control-IC ON/OFF scheme to reduce the power consumption of the control-IC while the gate signal of primary power switch is idle. In addition, an out-put voltage drop scheme is adopted to cut down on the loss of the feedback circuit because the output voltage of the ac/dc adapter is not required to be regulated when the ac/dc adapter is disconnected from the load system. Thus, the proposed technique can greatly reduce the no-load power consumption below 30 mW. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, loss analysis and experimental results of 65 W/17.5 V ac/dc adapter are presented.
Broadband MIMO-OFDM channel estimation via near-maximum likelihood Time Of Arrival estimation (2002)

This paper contains a new frequency-domain multi-stream channel estimation technique for communication systems such as MIMO-OFDM. The estimator works by first determining the Time Of Arrivals (TOAs) of each data stream using a near Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach and then solving for the corresponding gains. In addition, this paper presents a training sequence that enables other TOA estimators such as ESPRIT to determine multiple data stream's TOAs. The performance of various channel estimators is compared through simulations and experimental data and the results show that the new TOA estimator has the best overall performance.
Formation of Cysts by Alveolar Type II Cells in Three-dimensional Culture Reveals a Novel Mechanism for Epithelial Morphogenesis (2007)

Many organs consist of a hollow cavity surrounded by a monolayer of epithelial cells. Despite their common structure, such organs form by diverse morphogenetic processes. Three-dimensional culture systems have been useful in analyzing the events. Most processes require a combination of cell proliferation and cell death to produce a hollow cavity. Here, we describe a new three-dimensional culture system in which primary human lung alveolar type II cells formed hollow epithelial cysts by a novel process. Individual cells moved, collided, and formed alveolar-like cysts without appreciable proliferation or apoptosis. The alveolar-like cysts consisted of a polarized monolayer of differentiated alveolar type II cells, which secreted surfactant into the central lumen. Blockage of beta1 integrin did not alter cell movement or collision, but it greatly reduced adhesion of cells after collision and subsequent formation of alveolar-like cysts. Treatment of preformed alveolar-like cysts with forskolin increased their diameter, possibly due to stimulation of fluid secretion into the lumen. We conclude that epithelial differentiation and cyst formation can occur without appreciable proliferation or apoptosis.
Effects of Anti-IL-17 on Inflammation, Remodeling, and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Asthma Exacerbated by LPS (2018)

Inflammation plays a central role in the development of asthma, which is considered an allergic disease with a classic Th2 inflammatory profile. However, cytokine IL-17 has been examined to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease. Severe asthmatic patients experience frequent exacerbations, leading to infection, and subsequently show altered levels of inflammation that are unlikely to be due to the Th2 immune response alone. This study estimates the effects of anti-IL-17 therapy in the pulmonary parenchyma in a murine asthma model exacerbated by LPS. BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin and repeatedly exposed to inhalation with ovalbumin, followed by treatment with or without anti-IL-17. Twenty-four hours prior to the end of the 29-day experimental protocol, the two groups received LPS (0.1 mg/ml intratracheal OVA-LPS and OVA-LPS IL-17). We subsequently evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, performed a lung tissue morphometric analysis, and measured IL-6 gene expression. OVA-LPS-treated animals treated with anti-IL-17 showed decreased pulmonary inflammation, edema, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix remodeling compared to the non-treated OVA and OVA-LPS groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The anti-IL-17 treatment also decreased the numbers of dendritic cells, FOXP3, NF-κB, and Rho kinase 1- and 2-positive cells compared to the non-treated OVA and OVA-LPS groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that inhibition of IL-17 is a promising therapeutic avenue, even in exacerbated asthmatic patients, and significantly contributes to the control of Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammation, chemokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress in a murine experimental asthma model exacerbated by LPS.
[Expression of fas protein of myocardium in dilated cardiomyopathy]. (2012)

The expression of Fas protein increased obviously in the DCM group. Such alteration in expression quantity and distribution of myocardial Fas protein may be related to arrhythmia and heart failure in the patients with DCM.
Application of a Handheld Portable Infrared Sensor to Monitor Oil Quality (2010)

Advances in infrared technology have made it a promising method for the food industry.The development of the Fourier Transform (FT) algorithm has shortened scan time, improved signal-to-noise ratio, and improved the accuracy of wavelength.Innovations in personal computing has made FT-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy common vi VITA
Combined Exposure to Hydrogen Peroxide and LightSelective Effects on Cyanobacteria, Green Algae, and Diatoms (2006)

The selective toxicity of H2O2 was investigated to develop a potential tool for limiting cyanobacterial blooms and to better understand the occurrence of cyanobacteria and other phytoplankton species in relation to reactive oxygen species in surface waters. The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and the diatom Navicula seminulum were tested under pulse exposure to H202 in the dark and at various irradiances. H2O2 was decomposed at rates depending on algal species and was proportional to irradiance. The cyanobacterium was affected by H202 at 10 times lower concentrations than green alga and diatom, and a strong light-dependent toxicity enhanced the difference. The inhibition was measured as photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm) in pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry, and was confirmed by changes in minimal fluorescence (F0) and photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Single doses of 0.27 mg L(-1) of H202 caused 50% inhibition to M. aeruginosa at high irradiance. Such concentration overlaps with the highest levels of 0.34 mg L(-1) observed in natural waters, suggesting that H202 may act as a limiting factor for cyanobacterial growth.
Trump revamps oversight of biotech crops (2019)

President Donald J. Trump has directed the US Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency to streamline the regulatory process for approving agricultural crops produced using biotechnology, including gene editing. Trump’s June 11 executive order aims to reduce delays in getting new biotech crops to market, lower development costs, and provide farmers with certainty about the US regulatory process. “Our current regulatory framework has impeded innovation instead of facilitating it,” Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue says in a statement. “We need all the tools in the toolbox to meet the challenge of feeding everyone now and into the future—if we do not put these safe biotechnology advances to work here at home, our competitors in other nations will,” he adds. On June 6, the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service proposed to overhaul its regulations related to importation, interstate movement, and environmental release of
Cell division, SH, ketoaldehydes, and cancer. (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Classical and Quantum Magnetization Reversal Studied in Nanometer‐Sized Particles and Clusters (2001)

Nanometer-sized magnetic particles have generated continuous interest since the late 1940s because the study of their properties has proved to be scientifically and technologically very challenging. In particular, it was recognized that the ferromagnetic state, with a given orientation of the particle moment, has a remanent magnetization if the particle is small enough. This was the starting point of huge permanent magnets and magnetic recording industries. However, despite intense activity during the last few decades, the difficulties in making nanoparticles of good enough quality have slowed the advancement of this field. As a consequence, for 50 years, these applications concentrated above and then near the micrometer scale. In the last decade, this has no longer been the case because of the emergence of new fabrication techniques that have led to the possibility of making small objects with the required structural and chemical qualities. In order to study these objects, new techniques such as magneticforce microscopy, magnetometry based on micro-Hall probes or micro-SQUIDs(superconducting quantum interference device) were developed. This led to a new understanding of the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles, which is now very important for the development of new fundamental theories of magnetism and in modeling new magnetic materials for permanent magnets or high density recording.
New phases induced by hydrogen reduction and by subsequent oxidation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">L</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<i>L</i>=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd) (1990)

We report the synthesis of new compounds ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3.5}$ (L=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd) and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3.67}$, obtained by heating conventionally prepared ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ powders in a 5 mol % ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$/He atmosphere at low temperatures (\ensuremath{\simeq}300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). The structures of the La, Pr, and Nd compounds appear related to that of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$, whereas those of the Sm, Eu, and Gd compounds are different. A new ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$-type (T') ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ system was synthesized by oxidation of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3.67}$ at 300--500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; the oxygen contents are exceptionally high, ranging from 4.10 to 4.42. Annealing ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3.67}$ above 620 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C in oxygen converts it to the original ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiF}}_{4}$-type (T-phase) structure, but with excess oxygen (up to 4.06) and with smaller orthorhombicity compared to the ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ starting material. Oxidation of the other ${\mathit{L}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{3.5}$ phases (L=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd) above 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C leads to recovery of the original T' structures, with oxygen contents ranging from 3.98 (Eu,Gd) to 4.03 (Nd). Magnetization measurements in a field of 50 G did not reveal superconductivity in any of the samples above 5 K.
DQPSK modulation for robust optical transmission (2008)

The feasibility of long-haul transmission using differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation is discussed. We focus in particular on the trade-off between spectral efficiency and reach in optical transmission systems using DQPSK modulation.
Preparation of Red Dyes Derived from Quinacridone Pigment by Introducing <i>N</i>-substituent and Their Characteristics as a Colorant for LCD Color Filter (2012)

Six red dyes derived from quinacridone pigment (C. I. Pigment Red 122) were prepared by introducing an N-alkyl group or N-acyl group in the quinacridone ring. The characteristics of the synthesized dyes were examined by absorption maxima, solubility and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The introduction of N-alkyl group gave very little bathochromic shift of 2∼3 nm, whereas the presence of a withdrawing group at the nitrogen exhibited a large hypsochromic shift of 60∼45nm comparing to that of C. I. Pigment Red 122 which is unsubstitued at the nitrogen atom. In terms of weight reduction at 250°C, N-alkyl groups withstood to the thermal decomposition in comparison with the behavior of withdrawing groups at the position of nitrogen atom. The solubility of six dyes was dramatically increased by the introduction of N-substituent which clearly indicates their character as a dye rather than a pigment.
Mass spectra of some acyclic α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and esters (1969)

Abstract The mass spectra of a series of aliphatic acyclic α,β‐unsturated aldehydes, ketones and ester have been examined. The spectra do not show evidence for McLafferty rearrangements, alkoxyl migration or for fragmentations which are dependent upon the s‐ trans or s‐ cis conformations of the compounds. There is some evidence for cis ‐ trans isomerism about the double bond.
Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players (2003)

Our study suggests that players with a history of previous concussions are more likely to have future concussive injuries than those with no history; 1 in 15 players with a concussion may have additional concussions in the same playing season; and previous concussions may be associated with slower recovery of neurological function.