gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of the M subunit of the reaction center from <i>Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides</i> (1983)

The reaction center is a membrane-bound bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex that mediates the primary photochemical events in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The previously determined amino-terminal sequences of the three subunits of the reaction center protein were used to design synthetic mixed oligonucleotide probes for the structural genes encoding the subunits. One of these probes was used to isolate and clone a fragment of DNA from R. sphaeroides that contained the gene encoding the M subunit. The nucleotide sequence of this gene was determined by the dideoxy method. In addition, a number of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides from the M protein were isolated and subjected to sequence analysis, and the sequence of the carboxyl terminus was determined. Together with the amino-terminal sequence, the data establish the primary structure of the M protein. The distribution of hydrophobic residues in the amino acid sequence suggests the presence of five membrane-spanning segments. A significant homology was found between the amino acid sequence of the M subunit and a thylakoid membrane protein (M(r) 32,000) from spinach that has been implicated in herbicide and quinone binding.
Relaciones entre los mercados hipotecario y de deuda pública: evidencia empírica en el caso español (2001)

El importante desarrollo del mercado hipotecario espanol durante la ultima decada ha generado un creciente interes por la problematica de su integracion financiera con el mercado de capitales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo se centra en la contrastacion empirica en el caso espanol de la hipotesis de integracion entre el mercado primario hipotecario y el mercado de capitales, representado por el mercado de deuda publica anotada. Con tal fin, se utilizan diversos procedimientos econometricos de analisis de series temporales en un marco de cointegracion. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la validez de la hipotesis de partida en el caso espanol y ponen de relieve que el mercado de deuda publica a largo plazo ejerce una significativa influencia en terminos causales sobre el mercado hipotecario, particularmente relevante en lo que respecta a los indices de referencia hipotecarios representativos del coste en el mercado de los prestamos hipotecarios.
Mechanism of Antitumor Activity of a Single-Chain Interleukin-12 IgG3 Antibody Fusion Protein (mscIL-12.her2.IgG3) (2001)

We have constructed an antibody interleukin-12 (IL-12) fusion protein (mscIL-12.her2.IgG3) that demonstrates significant antitumor activity against the murine carcinoma CT26-expressing human HER2/neu. We now report that this antitumor activity is dose dependent and comparable to or better than recombinant murine IL-12 (rMuIL-12) using subcutaneous and metastatic models of disease. The antitumor activity of mscIL-12.her2.IgG3 is reduced in Rag2 knockout mice, suggesting that T cells play a role in tumor rejection. In SCID-beige mice, the antitumor activity is further reduced, suggesting that natural killer (NK) cells or macrophages or both are also important. The isotype of the antibody response to HER2/neu is consistent with a switch from a Th2 to a Th1 immune response and the infiltration of mononuclear cell in tumors from mice treated with mscIL-12.her2.IgG3. Immunohistochemistry reveals that mscIL-12.her2.IgG3 is antiangiogenic. Thus, the mechanism of the antitumor activity exhibited by mscIL-12.her2.IgG3 is highly complex and involves a combination of T and NK cell activity, a switch to a Th1 immune response, and antiantiogenic activity. This is the first study comparing the in vivo antitumor activity of an antibody-IL-12 fusion protein and free IL-12. Our results suggest that antibody-IL-12 fusion proteins may be useful for the treatment of human cancer.
Cross-border Waters in Asia (2020)

The high concentration of transboundary waters in China and the dependence that the riparian countries have on these waters, as well as their economic growth and *the* changes in water cycles due to climate change, make transboundary water management a first order task for the Chinese government. This document analyzes the main transboundary river basins in China and the unresolved problems of transboundary waters. Finally, the agreements, treaties and memoranda in force, whichhelp to maintain a certain atmosphere of dialogue, to avoid future military confrontations, especiallybetween countries that are nuclear powers such as China, India and Pakistan.
Oncogenic Ras and B-Raf Proteins Positively Regulate Death Receptor 5 Expression through Co-activation of ERK and JNK Signaling (2011)

Oncogenic mutations of ras and B-raf frequently occur in many cancer types and are critical for cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Death receptor 5 (DR5) is a cell surface pro-apoptotic death receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and has been targeted in cancer therapy. The current study has demonstrated induction of DR5 expression by the oncogenic proteins Ras and B-Raf and revealed the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that both Ras and B-Raf induce DR5 expression by enforced expression of oncogenic Ras (e.g. H-Ras12V or K-Ras12V) or B-Raf (i.e. V600E) in cells and by analyzing gene expression array data generated from cancer cell lines and from human cancer tissues. This finding is further supported by our results that knockdown of endogenous K-Ras or B-Raf (V600E) reduced the expression of DR5. Importantly, we have elucidated that Ras induces DR5 expression through co-activation of ERK/RSK and JNK signaling pathways and subsequent cooperative effects among the transcriptional factors CHOP, Elk1, and c-Jun to enhance DR5 gene transcription. Moreover, we found that the majority of cancer cell lines highly sensitive to the DR5 agonistic antibody AMG655 have either Ras or B-Raf mutations. Our findings warrant further study on the biology of DR5 regulation by Ras and B-Raf, which may provide new insight into the biology of Ras and B-Raf, and on the potential impact of Ras or B-Raf mutations on the outcome of DR5-targeted cancer therapy.
A <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> operon containing genes of unknown function senses tRNA <sup>Trp</sup> charging and regulates expression of the genes of tryptophan biosynthesis (2000)

Strains of Bacillus subtilis containing a temperature-sensitive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase produce elevated levels of the tryptophan pathway enzymes, when grown at high temperatures in the presence of excess tryptophan. This increase is because of reduced availability of the tryptophan-activated trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP). To test the hypothesis that this elevated trp gene expression was caused by the overproduction of a transcript capable of binding and sequestering TRAP, a computer program was designed to search the B. subtilis genome sequence for additional potential TRAP binding sites. A region containing a stretch of (G/A)AG trinucleotide repeats, characteristic of a TRAP binding site, was identified in the yczA-ycbK operon. We show that transcriptional regulation of the yczA-ycbK operon is controlled by the T-box antitermination mechanism in response to the level of uncharged tRNA(Trp), and that the presence of a trpS1 mutant allele increases production of the yczA-ycbK transcript. Elevated yczA-ycbK expression was shown to activate transcription of the trp operon. Deletion of the yczA-ycbK operon abolishes the trpS1 effect on trp gene expression. The purpose of increasing expression of the genes of tryptophan biosynthesis in the trpS mutant would be to provide additional tryptophan to overcome the charged tRNA(Trp) deficiency. Therefore, in B. subtilis, as in Escherichia coli, transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes is regulated in response to changes in the extent of charging of tRNA(Trp) as well as the availability of tryptophan.
Face detection using boosted tree classifier stages (2004)

A classifier structure is described to construct boosted tree classifier stages for detecting dynamic objects such as human faces. It is based on using simple and weak classifiers based on Haar-like features which are easily computed by integral image representation values (Viola, P. et al., IEEE CVPR, 2001) and putting these weak classifiers into the nodes of a binary tree structure by performing the AdaBoost algorithm. Each classifier stage consists of decision trees containing simple classifiers at their nodes. Each node classifier is constructed using only one simple feature and is divided into sub nodes if the decision tree error on the training set is greater than a predetermined threshold. This division process continues until the error is lower than the threshold and a maximum tree depth is not exceeded. By this approach, it is tried to obtain a faster convergence to a certain classifier performance value.
LUTS/BPH in clinical practice: the importance of nocturia and quality of sleep (2006)

Various studies indicate that nocturia is one of the most bothersome of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Nocturia has a negative impact on quality of sleep (QoS), which might lead to daytime fatigue, reduced performance the next day and might ultimately affect the patient’s overall quality of life (QoL). However, the evaluation of a patient with LUTS/BPH and assessment of benefits of LUTS/BPH treatment are mainly focused on voiding symptoms or flow rate, and the impact of nocturia on the patient’s QoL is often neglected. At the Sixth International Consultation on Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases in 2005, a discussion forum about nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL was organized, followed by a meeting of an expert consensus panel. Both recognized the importance of assessing nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL in the initial evaluation of patients with LUTS/BPH, and in assessing the benefits of (new) LUTS/BPH treatments. However, currently used instruments that measure the severity of nocturia and its impact on QoS and QoL were not specifically designed for this purpose and lack sensitivity. At the expert consensus meeting, the expert panel stated that new instruments are required that can fully monitor the impact of nocturia on QoS and QoL. Potential new instruments that address these requirements are nocturia‐specific questionnaires such as the Nocturia QoL questionnaire. Furthermore, the expert panel acknowledged the assessment of ‘hours of undisturbed sleep’ (HUS) as a potential new method to evaluate the impact of nocturia on QoS and QoL. HUS refers to the time from falling asleep to the first awakening to void. Sleep assessment tools such as sleep diaries and actigraphy are potential instruments to measure HUS.
A New Kicker for the TLS Longitudinal Feedback System (2006)

A new longitudinal kicker will be installed into the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) storage ring in the near future. This kicker is part of the new bunch-by-bunch longitudinal feedback system for stabilization of beam dipole-mode longitudinal coupled-bunch instability in the ring. It will serve to provide fast switching kick voltage to each bunch at 500 MHz bunch crossing frequency. This new kicker employed the Swiss Light Source design with modifications on beam pipe geometry. It has been fabricated, baked out and vacuum tested by FMB-Berlin recently. The kicker has been delivered to NSRRC in November 2004. Longitudinal coupling impedance has been measured in house by coaxial wire method with resistive matching networks at input and output ports. The measured peak coupling impedance of the accelerating mode is 684 Ω with FWHM bandwidth at 280 MHz. It corresponds to a shunt impedance of 1368 Ω at centre frequency. These results agree very well with those calculated by GdfidL.
Studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Grown in vivo: Utilization of Glucose (1960)

It was shown that in vivo grown tubercle bacilli are readily permeable to glucose and oxidize it to an even greater extent than those grown in vitro. It was therefore concluded that the apparent lack of respiratory response to glucose by in vivo grown tubercle bacilli was not due to either permeability factor or to inability of these cells to oxidize exogenous glucose. Possible causes for the apparent lack of respiratory response of LH37Rv cells to glucose are discussed.
A preprocessing scheme for high-cardinality categorical attributes in classification and prediction problems (2001)

Categorical data fields characterized by a large number of distinct values represent a serious challenge for many classification and regression algorithms that require numerical inputs. On the other hand, these types of data fields are quite common in real-world data mining applications and often contain potentially relevant information that is difficult to represent for modeling purposes.This paper presents a simple preprocessing scheme for high-cardinality categorical data that allows this class of attributes to be used in predictive models such as neural networks, linear and logistic regression. The proposed method is based on a well-established statistical method (empirical Bayes) that is straightforward to implement as an in-database procedure. Furthermore, for categorical attributes with an inherent hierarchical structure, like ZIP codes, the preprocessing scheme can directly leverage the hierarchy by blending statistics at the various levels of aggregation.While the statistical methods discussed in this paper were first introduced in the mid 1950's, the use of these methods as a preprocessing step for complex models, like neural networks, has not been previously discussed in any literature.
Reciprocity in EMI-EMC (2002)

The basis of and errors in interpreting the law of reciprocity are reviewed and applied to conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference-electromagnetic compatibility (EMI-EMC). Conditions for reciprocity include reversibility and passivity of elements in the reciprocal system. The law is expressed in circuit form and the reciprocal signals are clearly distinguished. Symmetric and asymmetric line filters are used as examples of reciprocity in conducted interference. It is shown that an incompletely shielded circuit can be regarded as an antenna, allowing one to establish radiation reciprocity between it and a measuring antenna. Some difficulties encountered in EMI-EMC measurements that give the impression of reciprocity being violated are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Foundation Flash CS5 for Designers (2010)

Provides instructions and exercises to help master the fundamentals of Flash CS5, covering such topics as symbols and libraries, ActionScript, audio, text, animation, 3D tools, video, XML, CSs, and Flash movies
Indexing and classification of TV news articles based on telop recognition (2002)

In accumulating and retrieving multimedia information such as images, speech and text, it is necessary to compress and retrieve the information efficiently and accurately. The purpose of this paper is to construct a multimedia database of TV news images based on telop character recognition. The first step is to detect telop frames and to segment the characters by differentiating the telop frames based on the fact that character regions have high brightness and the character edges are clear. The second step is the telop character recognition. It is performed by a subspace method using direction histogram features. The third step is indexing by extracting noun words after morphological analysis of the recognized telop characters. These noun words correspond with key words and are given to TV news articles as their indices. Finally TV news articles are classified into 10 topics such as politics, economics, culture, amusements, sports and so on based on the extracted indices. We employed an index-topic table to classify the articles using indices. The telop character recognition rate was 65.7% and the article classification rate was 67.3%.
Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy for malaria diagnosis (2015)

Malaria diagnosis is currently being done with light microscopy of a blood smear for infected red blood cells. However, it heavily relies on a small sample containing a small portion of the infected red blood cells. There are other methods which involved antigen testing or polymerase chain reaction however, malaria endemic regions areas usually are not able to afford for the laboratory diagnostic test. Currently, new techniques are being engineered to combat the on-going threat of malaria. One of the few techniques is via Raman Spectroscopy, specifically Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy. Raman Spectroscopy is a technique used to observe the vibrational, rotational and other low-frequency modes within a system. The light will react with the vibrations resulting in energy being shifted. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface enhancing technique for the Raman spectroscopy on the scattering of molecules absorbed on rough surfaces. The mechanisms involved can be divided into two categories, Electromagnetic and Chemical. They are usually use in-conjunction with the one another. While current conventional methods are available, it is labor and time intensive. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used in the diagnosis of malaria to tackle those two problems faced. Raman Spectroscopy can be used to detect hemozoin, a by-product of malaria infected erythrocytes. With further augmentation on the surface with sliver or magnetic nanoparticles, it has shown to improve the Raman Signal received.
Low Optical Loss Perfluorinated Methacrylates for a Single-Mode Polymer Waveguide (2005)

Perfluoroalkyleneoxy methacrylate containing polar functional carbonate (−O−C(O)−O−) or carbamate (−NH−C(O)−O−) groups were synthesized to improve optical and adhesion properties of optical waveguide materials. Transparent polymer films were prepared by photocuring of a solution containing methacryloyl perfluoroalkyleneoxy carbonate and a photoinitiator. Optical loss of 0.35 dB/cm at 1550 nm was determined from the photocured film, for TE polarization by measuring the transmitted power along the slab waveguide length. The refractive indices at 1550 nm were determined as 1.4337 and 1.4334 for TE and TM modes, respectively, indicating low birefringence of Δn = 0.0003 ± 0.0002. Adhesion between the substrate and the polymer layer was enhanced by introducing carbonates and carbamates as determined from a SEM cross section and low surface energy of the photocured polymer film. Low-loss optical waveguides have been fabricated from a solution containing methacryloyl perfluoroalkyleneoxy carbonate by photo-cross-linking and then reactive ion etching to produce high-quality channel waveguides with very smooth surfaces. The propagation loss of the channel waveguides was 0.50 and 0.70 dB/cm at the monitoring light of 1550 nm for TE and TM polarizations, respectively.
Turfgrass Biology: Genetics and Breeding (2002)

PART 1. INTRODUCTION. Origins of the Turfgrasses (M.D. Casler and R.R. Duncan). PART 2. COOL-SEASON GRASSES. Kentucky Bluegrass (D.R. Huff). Annual Bluegrass (D.R. Huff). Supina Bluegrass (S. Bughrara). Texas Bluegrass (J.C. Read and S.J. Anderson). Rough Bluegrass (R. Hurley). Perennial Ryegrass (D. Thorogood). Tall Fescue (W.A. Meyer and E. Watkins). Fine-Leaved Festuca Species (B.A. Ruemmele, et al.). Creeping Bentgrass (S.E. Warnke). Colonial Bentgrass (B.A. Ruemmele). Velvet Bentgrass (L. Brilman). Three Minor Agrostis Species: Redtop, Highland Bentgrass, and Idaha Bentgrass (A.D. Brede and M.J. Sellman). Hairgrasses (L. Brilman and E. Watkins). PART 3. WARM-SEASON GRASSES. Bermudagrass (C.M. Taliaferro). Buffalograss (T.P. Riordan and S.J. Browning). Zoysiagrasses (M.C. Engelke and S. Anderson). Centipedegrass (W.W. Hanna and J. Liu). Seashore Paspalum (R.R. Duncan). St. Augustinegrass (P. Busey). Bahiagrass (P. Busey). Index.
The patch test (2003)

Now she has quit smoking, Lynne Wallis is determined that this time she’ll ‘stay stopped’ – with the help of nicotine replacement therapy
Synthesis of tri‐, tetra‐, and penta‐deuterated forms of vitamin a (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of 20,20,20‐trideutero, 14,20,20,20‐tetradeutero, 12,14,20,20,20‐pentadeutero, and 10,19,19,19‐tetradeutero analogs of retinoic acid ethyl ester and retinyl acetate, by a modified Wittig‐Horner synthesis, is described. Deuterium was introduced by base‐catalyzed exchange into appropriate intermediates. The 10,19,19,19‐ 2 H 4 ‐vitamin A, because of its high isotopic integrity (>98% 2 H 4 ), is the preferred analog for biological studies of vitamin A metabolism.
Associations between liver histology and cortisol secretion in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2006)

These results suggest that NAFLD patients have a subtle, chronic overactivity in the HPA axis (that is closely associated with the severity of liver histopathology) leading to subclinical hypercortisolism that might be implicated in the development of NAFLD.
Cryptography Encryption Technique Using Circular Bit Rotation in Binary Field (2020)

In the digital age when technology has advanced so much that communication between people is just a text away no matter where they are geographical. But with every advancement, the technology must be secure enough so that no eavesdropping can take place. That's where cryptography comes into play, Cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium. Cryptography is an important field in information security, and, in this modern age, cryptography is used everywhere from surfing the internet to phone calls. The requirement for a better cryptosystem keeps increasing as the advancement of modern computers outpaces the old cryptosystems. In cryptography, the plain text is the original text and ciphertext is the encrypted text. So, the proposed technique in this paper encrypts plain text into ciphertext that is unrecognizable that makes the ciphertext unidentifiable when compared to plain text. First, we generate a very large random number that is at least 1024 bits which will be the key. Encrypting the plaintext is based on the key, first the plain text is divided into blocks of 9 bytes then the key divided into array of `n/2' number of pairs, the first digit of pair being position in the block and second digit being the number of bits to shift right, the shift is circular from the position of the selected character. In the decryption the left shift is performed to the blocks, the start of decryption begins from the end of the array of key pairs.
Multiple hydrodynamical shocks induced by the Raman effect in photonic crystal fibers (2010)

We theoretically predict the occurrence of multiple hydrodynamical-like shock phenomena in the propagation of ultrashort intense pulses in a suitably engineered photonic crystal fiber. The shocks are due to the Raman effect, which acts as a nonlocal term favoring their generation in the focusing regime. It is shown that the problem is mapped to shock formation in the presence of a slope and a gravity-like potential. The signature of multiple shocks in cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) signals is unveiled.