gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and Easy Method to Evaluate Uptake Potential of Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells Using a Flow Cytometric Light Scatter Analysis (2007)

Many classes of nanoparticles have been synthesized and widely applied, however, there is a serious lack of information concerning their effects on human health and the environment. Considering that their use will increase, accurate and cost-effective measurement techniques for characterizing "nanotoxicity" are required. One major toxicological concern is that nanoparticles are easily taken up in the human body. In this study, we developed a method of evaluating the uptake potential of nanosized particles using flow cytometric light scatter. Suspended titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles (5, 23, or 5000 nm) were added to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Observation by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the TiO2 particles easily moved to the cytoplasm of the cultured mammalian cells, not to the nucleus. The intensity of the side-scattered light revealed that the particles were taken up in the cells dose-, time-, and size-dependently. In addition, surface-coating of TiO2 particles changed the uptake into the cells, which was accurately reflected in the intensity of the side-scattered light. The uptake of other nanoparticles such as silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) also could be detected. This method could be used for the initial screening of the uptake potential of nanoparticles as an index of "nanotoxicity".
Importance of lidar measurement timing accuracy for wind turbine control (2014)

A turbine-mounted lidar can measure wind speed ahead of a wind turbine, and this preview measurement can be used to improve turbine control performance by reducing structural loads and/or increasing power capture. Effective lidar-based control requires not only an accurate wind speed measurement, but also knowledge of the expected arrival time of the measured wind. Arrival time is the time it takes for the wind to travel from the measurement focus location to the turbine rotor. Typically, arrival time is assumed to be equal to the distance traveled divided by the average wind speed. Field test data show that this assumption can be improved on average through an induction zone correction. In addition, arrival time can temporarily deviate significantly above or below this average value. If we can anticipate how arrival time will change, we can improve control performance. In this study, we post-process turbine and lidar data to show how arrival time varies and to determine an upper limit on possible improvement as a result of accurately predicting arrival time. Results show that this upper limit is a 26% average increase in coherence bandwidth between the measured wind and the wind that arrives at the rotor. In above-rated wind speeds, for example, this corresponds to a 21% improvement in the performance cost reduction due to incorporating lidar into a blade pitch controller, where the performance cost is a combined measure of generator speed error and blade pitch actuation.
Rigorous Trial Design Is Essential to Understand the Role of Opioid Receptors in Ketamine’s Antidepressant Effect (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
["Primary" pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection. Two cases]. (1992)

We report two cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAHT) in HIV infected patients who never were, or had ceased to be, drug addicts. A study of these cases and a review of the literature show that this association is not fortuitous and persists after the classical causes of PAHT (pulmonary embolism, toxic factors, cirrhosis) have been excluded. The clinical features and the results of complementary cardiovascular examinations are identical with those of the so-called "primary" PAHT. The prognosis is severe: 50 percent of the patients died of the consequences of PAHT 1 year after the first clinical signs. Histology displays signs of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, as in primary PAHT. In HIV patients pulmonary arterial hypertension occurs independently of the degree of immunodeficiency. Its relation with other HIV-related vasculites and their physiopathology are discussed.
The Thioredoxin System of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (2000)

In most living cells, redox homeostasis is based both on the glutathione and the thioredoxin system. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum antioxidative proteins represent promising targets for the development of antiparasitic drugs. We cloned and expressed a thioredoxin of P. falciparum (pftrx), and we improved the stable expression of the thioredoxin reductase (PfTrxR) of the parasite by multiple silent mutagenesis. Both proteins were biochemically characterized and compared with the human host thioredoxin system. Intriguingly, the 13-kDa protein PfTrx is a better substrate for human TrxR (K(m) = 2 microm, k(cat) = 3300 min(-)(1)) than for P. falciparum TrxR (K(m) = 10.4 microm, k(cat) = 3100 min(-)(1)). Possessing a midpoint potential of -270 mV, PfTrx was found to reduce the disease-related metabolites S-nitrosoglutathione and GSSG. The rate constant k(2) for the reaction between reduced P. falciparum thioredoxin and GSSG was determined to be 0.039 microm(-)(1) min(-)(1) at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4. The k(2) for thioredoxins from man, Drosophila melanogaster, and Escherichia coli was approximately 5 times lower. Our data suggest that GSSG reduction can be supported at a high rate by the TrxR/Trx system in glutathione reductase-deficient cells; this may be relevant for certain stages of the malarial parasite but also for cells containing high [GSSG] of other organisms like dormant forms of Neurospora, glutathione reductase-deficient yeast mutants, or CD4(+) lymphocytes of AIDS patients.
A user's guide to compensating low-dropout regulators (2002)

The explosive proliferation of battery-powered equipment in the past decade has accelerated the development and usage of Low-Dropout voltage regulators (sometimes referred to as PNP voltage regulators). Compared to the standard NPN regulator, the Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO) can hold its output voltage in regulation with much less voltage across it: the NPN requires about 2 V of "headroom" to regulate, while the LDO will typically work with less than 500 mV of input-to-output voltage differential. The reduced input voltage requirement of an LDO is advantageous in battery-powered systems, since it translates directly into fewer battery cells, less wasted power, smaller size, and lower cost. The LDO's higher level of performance requires the use of external compensation capacitors, something an NPN regulator does not need. Also, the capacitors must be carefully selected for electrical parameters to assure stability. This article will develop an overview of LDO/NPN regulator theory, focusing on loop compensation and the parameters affecting regulator stability.
Homogeneity Evaluation of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and LiTaO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals for Determining Acoustical Physical Constants (1999)

The homogeneity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) grade LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 single crystals, which are used to accurately measure acoustical physical constants, is evaluated using several specimens, by measuring the leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) velocity, longitudinal velocity, density, lattice constant, and Curie temperature. The specimens are taken perpendicular to the pulling-axis direction of each crystal. The variations of LSAW and longitudinal velocities along the pulling-axis direction are at most 1 m/s, and the corresponding changes of chemical composition ratio are estimated to be about 0.02 Li 2 O-mol% for both LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 crystals. The evaluation proves that the crystals employed can be regarded as homogeneous within the measurement accuracy, when the effect of the variations in the crystals on the constant determination is investigated.
Identification of NOG as a Specific Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis-supporting Gene (2012)

Metastasis requires numerous biological functions that jointly provide tumor cells from a primary site to seed and colonize a distant organ. Some of these activities are selected for in the primary site, whereas others are acquired at the metastatic niche. We provide molecular evidence showing that the BMP inhibitor, NOG, provides metastatic breast cancer cells with the ability to colonize the bone. NOG expression is acquired during the late events of metastasis, once cells have departed from the primary site, because it is not enriched in primary tumors with high risk of bone relapse. On the contrary, breast cancer bone metastatic lesions do select for high levels of NOG expression when compared with metastasis to the lung, liver, and brain. Pivotal to the bone colonization functions is the contribution of NOG to metastatic autonomous and nonautonomous cell functions. Using genetic approaches, we show that when NOG is expressed in human breast cancer cells, it facilitates bone colonization by fostering osteoclast differentiation and bone degradation and also contributes to metastatic lesions reinitiation. These findings reveal how aggressive cancer cell autonomous and nonautonomous functions can be mechanistically coupled to greater bone metastatic potential.
An overview of outdoor visible light communications (2018)

Abstract In visible light communication (VLC) technology, the outdoor applications are less explored when compared to those indoors. This is due to the fact that: (1) the dual use of light‐emitting diodes is not always practicable in the outdoor VLC environment; (2) the level of interference and noise is considerably higher in outdoor VLC; (3) many other communication technologies are available to be used which, due to their specific characteristics, adapt better to the outdoor environment when compared to VLC technology. Nevertheless, several outdoor VLC applications have been identified. They include and are not limited to building‐to‐building, vehicle‐to‐vehicle, and road‐to‐vehicle communications. Deploying light fidelity (Li‐Fi) using street and park lights is also feasible. Finally, some applications exploit the ability of solar panels to simultaneously harvest the electrical energy and serve as a VLC receiving antenna. The implementation of these communication systems faces lots of challenges. Most of them are related to environmental factors such as fog, rain, sunlight, haze, snow, dust, and atmospheric disturbances. Some challenges are based on parameters such as the geometrical aspect of the light diffusion, which is Lambertian in most cases. These challenges contribute to lower interest in outdoor VLC to date. However, the environment presents several opportunities. In this article, we explore the outdoor VLC environment, review, and present some promising applications selected from the literature. Furthermore, we underline likely research opportunities based on the actual state‐of‐the‐art and our outdoor VLC characterization experiments.
Transcriptional Profiling of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiating to Definitive and Primitive Endoderm and Further Toward the Hepatic Lineage (2009)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can differentiate into a variety of specialized cell types, and they constitute a useful model system to study embryonic development in vitro. In order to fully utilize the potential of these cells, the mechanisms that regulate the developmental processes of specific lineage differentiation need to be better defined. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular program involved in the differentiation of hESC toward definitive endoderm (DE) and further into the hepatic lineage, and to compare that with primitive endoderm (PrE) differentiation. To that end, we applied two protocols: a specific DE differentiation protocol and an intrinsic differentiation protocol that mainly mediates PrE formation. We collected hESC, hESC-derived DE, DE-derived hepatocyte-progenitors (DE-Prog), DE-derived hepatocyte-like cells (DE-Hep), and the corresponding PrE derivatives. The samples were analyzed using microarrays, and we identified sets of genes that were exclusively up-regulated in DE derivatives (compared to PrE derivatives) at discrete developmental stages. We also investigated known protein interactions among the set of up-regulated genes in DE-Hep. The results demonstrate important differences between DE and PrE differentiation on the transcriptional level. In particular, our results identify a unique molecular program, exclusively activated during development of DE and the subsequent differentiation of DE toward the hepatic lineage. We identified key genes and pathways of potential importance for future efforts to improve hepatic differentiation from hESC. These results reveal new opportunities for rational design of specific interventions with the purpose of generating enriched populations of DE derivatives, including functional hepatocytes.
Cysteine Proteinase Gene Expression in the Endosperm of Germinating Carrot Seeds (2001)

A gene for carrot seed cysteine proteinase (CSCP; AB057371, AB057372) was cloned using PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence of CSCP had active sites for eukaryotic cysteine proteinases, putative signal sequences, and an endoplasmic reticulum targeting sequence. RNA gel blot analysis showed that CSCP transcripts appeared from dry seed, reached a maximum 3 days after imbibition (DAI), and disappeared by 5 DAI. In situ hybridization showed that CSCP transcripts accumulated in the endosperm of germinating seeds. This is the first report of the expression pattern of a cysteine proteinase gene in the endosperm of germinating dicotyledonous plants. The promoter of the CSCP gene had an endosperm motif and many other motifs also found in the promoters of endosperm-specific storage protein genes in monocotyledons. It is suggested that dicotyledons, like monocotyledons, have a temporal and spatial regulation system for endosperm-specific gene expression in germinating seeds.
Single-chain Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Is a Substrate of Mouse Glandular Kallikrein 24 (2005)

Leydig cells of the adult mouse testis express at a detectable level three distinct glandular (tissue) kallikrein genes: mKlk21, mKlk24, and mKlk27. Recently, the proteins encoded by these genes were characterized using active recombinant proteases, but their roles in the mouse testis remained to be determined. The present study showed that among the proteases, mK24 markedly enhanced the activity of human recombinant single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator when the two were incubated together. This activation was found to be due to proteolytic conversion of the single-chain enzyme to a two-chain form. The expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator in interstitial Leydig cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. The primary culture medium of adult male testicular Leydig cells contained immunoreactive substances recognized by anti-mK24 antibodies. In addition, the same medium was capable of converting the single-chain plasminogen activator to the two-chain protein. These results suggest that mK24 may play a role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins in the interstitial area surrounding the Leydig cells of the adult mouse testis, due not only to its own activity, but also to that of plasmin produced by the single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator-converting activity of mK24.
Facile and regioselective synthesis of 7,4'-dihydroxy-4-phenylchroman-2-ones (2004)

A highly effective, facile, one-pot regioselective synthesis of a series of 4´,7-dihydroxy-4phenyl-chroman-2-ones is described.The mechanism involves a dienone-phenol rearrangement followed by a Michael type reaction.
Rapid spread of alfalfa pest: Spotted alfalfa aphid infests about 75% of state's alfalfa acreage within two years after its discovery in California (1956)

The worst pest of alfalfa ever to reach California has spread within two years to 33 alfalfa-producing counties.
The Effects of Unilateral Forced Nostril Breathing on Cognition (1991)

Ultradian rhythms of alternating cerebral dominance have been demonstrated in humans and other mammals during waking and sleep. Human studies have used the methods of psychological testing and electroencephalography (EEG) as measurements to identify the phase of this natural endogenous rhythm. The periodicity of this rhythm approximates 1.5-3 hours in awake humans. This cerebral rhythm is tightly coupled to another ultradian rhythm known as the nasal cycle, which is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, and is exhibited by greater airflow in one nostril, later switching to the other side. This paper correlates uninostril airflow with varying ratios of verbal/spatial performance in 23 right-handed males. Relatively greater cognitive ability in one hemisphere corresponds to unilateral forced nostril breathing in the contralateral nostril. Cognitive performance ratios can be influenced by forcibly altering the breathing pattern.
The conformation of adenovirus VAI-RNA in solution (1981)

The secondary structure of an adenovirus associated low molecular weight RNA (VAI-RNA) has been studied by partial digestion with T1-RNase and S1-endonuclease followed by T1-fingerprint analysis. The empirical secondary structure has been compared with two computer generated models based on minimal free energy of the structure. The results suggest that VAI-RNA in solution has a compact structure with a free energy of around -60 kcal with two stems and four bulge regions. The implication of this structure for the function of VAI-RNA is discussed.
Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Doxorubicin Entrapped in Liposomes following Intravenous or Intraperitoneal Administration (1983)

Absorption and tissue distribution of free doxorubicin (Dxn) and Dxn entrapped into liposomes have been examined after intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection into C57/B1/6 mice. Liposomal encapsulation of Dxn altered its plasma kinetics and tissue distribution. After i.v. administration Dxn in liposomes has a half-life longer than that of free Dxn and it is taken up mostly by tissues rich in reticuloendothelial cells, such as liver and spleen. In the heart and kidney liposomal Dxn reaches a lower concentration than free Dxn. After i.p. injection the tissue distribution of liposomal Dxn is drastically changed. We did not observe the first peak of high concentration in the tissues, the Dxn content in liver and spleen is decreased and its concentration in heart is even more reduced. The results of this study suggest that the route of administration of liposome-entrapped drugs may change both the kinetics of absorption and their tissue distribution and this could result in a different pharmacological effect.
The Use of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Based Solvent as a Cost Effective and Environmentally Sound Alternative to Current Photoresist Stripping Solvents (2002)

Knutson (Last Name) Brian (First Name) D. (Middle Initial) The Use of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Based Solvent as a Cost Effective and (Title) Environmentally Sound Alternative to Current Photoresist Stripping Solvents M.S. in Risk Control Elbert Sorrell, Ph.D. 5/2002 25 (Graduate Major) (Research Advisor) (Month/Year) (Pages) American Psychological Association Style Manual (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The semiconductor industry is facing challenges that involve the use of photoresist stripping solvents. This literature review compares the current solvents used, namely sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and N-methylpyrrolidine, to an alternative supercritical carbon dioxide-based solvent. Currently used solvents have proven to be costly in terms of disposal, water usage and treatment, and replacement. These solvents have also been shown to have adverse affects on humans after short term and chronic exposures. The information gathered during this study shows that supercritical carbon dioxide-based solvents can reduce these costs immensely and may be a necessity for staying competitive in the future.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Microelectromechanical Directional Microphone (2011)

A series of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based devices for acoustic direction finding have been designed and fabricated which mimic the aural system of the Ormia ochracea fly and its extraordinary directional sensitivity. To overcome the minimal spatial separation between its ears, a flexible hinge mechanically couples the fly's two tympanic membranes. Because of this coupling, the phase differences due to the time difference of arrival (TDOA) are greatly amplified and sound source direction is determined with unparalleled speed and accuracy. This unique system allows the fly to acoustically locate crickets, which chirp with wavelengths two orders of magnitude greater than the dimensions of the hearing system. In this thesis, MEMS sensor design using finite element modeling and experimentation to characterize the physical phenomena that affect the performance will be described. Specific investigations reported include damping effects, device linearity to sound pressure, and the effects of various packaging schemes on device performance. Results include successful demonstrations of several directional sensors responsive to both sinusoidal and impulsive sources, an electronic readout scheme using capacitive comb fingers, an asymmetric design for dual frequency use, and devices effective into the ultrasonic range, all of which could ultimately contribute to a millimeter-scale device for sniper-location or a number of other defense applications.