gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective defense mechanism against DoS/DDoS attacks in flow-based routers (2010)

Due to proliferation of diverse network applications, DoS/DDoS attacks are evolving. Many studies have been performed and implemented in on/off-line network devices such as routers and IDS/IPS. While IDS/IPS is powerful enough to handle deep packet inspection (DPI) tasks, routers are better suited in real-time and line-speed processing requirements. Since the routers are designed to handle IP packet header information, if one can devise an DoS/DDoS detection/prevention methods that utilizes the router specific features it will be best for the in-line and real-time processing. We introduce a Flow based DoS/DDoS detection algorithm(FDDA) that detects Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks by monitoring TTL and ID fields of incoming packet's IP header. As DDoS attacks are based on IP source address spoofing, the TTL and ID fields may have abnormal behavior. The device keeps track of 8-tuple flow table. The behavior of these two fields is monitored to determine DoS/DDoS attack situation. The effectiveness of our method is such that it is implemented flow-based routers and devices.
Analysis of p107-associated proteins: p107 associates with a form of E2F that differs from pRB-associated E2F-1 (1993)

The binding of viral oncogenes to cellular proteins is thought to modulate the activities of these cellular targets. The p107 protein is targeted by many viral proteins, including adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 large T antigen, and human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. A panel of monoclonal antibodies against p107 was raised and used to identify cellular proteins that interact with the p107 protein in vivo. p107-associated proteins included cyclin A, cyclin E, and cdk2. In addition, p107 was found to associate with 62- to 65- and 50-kDa phosphoproteins in ML-1 cells, a human myeloid leukemia cell line. The 62- to 65-kDa proteins have many of the properties of the transcription factor E2F but were distinguished from pRB-associated E2F-1 by both immunologic and biochemical properties.
MCard/FS: a file manager for memory cards (2003)

A general-purpose file management system designed specifically for memory cards is described. The file system provides a standardized data handling technique to support a wide variety of biomedical applications. Any type of file may be used. System overhead is minimal, and the file structure is independent of microprocessor, word width and implementation language.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Promoter Elements of the Mouse Acetylcholinesterase Gene (1995)

The increase in acetylcholinesterase expression during muscle differentiation from myoblasts to myotubes was shown previously to reflect primarily a greater stability of the messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we investigate the regulation of the acetylcholinesterase gene during early determination of the muscle phenotype. (i) We employ myogenic transcription factors to transform non-muscle cells into myoblasts in order to assess the role of the myogenic transcription factors in this regulation. (ii) We analyze the Ache promoter region by deletion analysis, point mutagenesis, and gel mobility shift assays. The myogenic transcription factors do not accelerate transcription of the Ache gene in spite of the presence of E-boxes at -335 base pairs from the start of transcription and in the first intron, and they are not able to trigger stabilization of the Ache mRNA when constitutively expressed in 10T1/2 fibroblasts. A GC-rich region (at -105 to -59 base pairs from the start of transcription) containing overlapping binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1 and Egr-1 is essential for promoter activity. Mutation of the Sp1 sites dramatically reduces the promoter activity while mutation of the Egr-1 sites has little effect. Sp1 and Egr-1 compete for binding to overlapping sites and an increase in Egr-1 decreases the expression of the Ache gene.
Improved data predistortion using intersymbol interpolation (2003)

An efficient data predistortion technique is presented to compensate for transmitter high-power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearities in digital microwave radio systems employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal formats. The proposed technique makes use of a specific transmitter pulse shaping that leads to discrete signal levels at time instants spaced by half a symbol interval. The predistortion circuit is designed so as to cancel nonlinear distortion at the HPA output at these instants. With respect to conventional data predistortion, which can only compensate for warping of the signal constellation, this technique also compensates for nonlinear intersymbol interference (ISI). It is shown that, using the 64 and 256 QAM signal formats, the presented technique leads to a considerably more efficient utilization of the available HPA power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential roles of antisense therapy in the molecular targeting of genes involved in cancer (Review) (2004)

Recent advances in antisense methods targeting genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis provide a potential anticancer effect alone as well as in combination with drugs, and antisense therapy may be useful in overcoming drug resistance and increasing survival in patients with advanced cancer including those with solid tumors. In particular, antisense to Bcl-2 comprises a most promising therapy and is being tested in combination with anticancer drugs in randomized phase III trials for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and malignant melanoma. The targeting of apoptosis-related proteins is promising for enhancing the effect of cancer chemotherapy. The molecular mechanism by which anticancer drugs induce apoptosis has been identified as mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by the release of cytochrome c. Modulation of multiple antiapoptotic signaling pathways involving Bcl-2 and Akt, which are related to growth factor-stimulated signal transduction in cell survival, is essential for enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of anticancer drugs. Herein, we review the current status of antisense therapy and its potential for enhancing anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.
Measuring rapid kinetics by a potentiometric method in droplet-based microfluidic devices (2011)

Droplets containing RNA and Mg(2+) were generated in microfluidic channels. By integrating a group of pneumatic valves and phase separation channels in the microfluidic system, the rapid RNA-Mg(2+) binding kinetics was studied by measuring the Mg(2+) ion concentration using an ion-selective electrode.
<i>In Vivo</i>Delivery of Silica Nanorattle Encapsulated Docetaxel for Liver Cancer Therapy with Low Toxicity and High Efficacy (2010)

Mesoporous silica nanomaterial is one of the most promising candidates as drug carrier for cancer therapy. Herein, in vitro and in vivo study of silica nanorattle (SN) with mesoporous and rattle-type structure as a drug delivery system was first reported. Hydrophobic antitumor drug docetaxel (Dtxl) was loaded into the PEGylated silica nanorattle (SN-PEG) with a diameter of 125 nm via electrostatic absorption. In human liver cancer cell Hep-G2, the half-maximum inhibiting concentration (IC(50)) of silica nanorattle encapsulated docetaxel (SN-PEG-Dtxl) was only 7% of that of free Dtxl at 72 h. In vivo toxicity assessment showed that both nanocarrier of silica nanorattle (40 mg/kg, single dose) and SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg of Dtxl, three doses) had low systematic toxicity in healthy ICR mice. The SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg, intravenously) showed greater antitumor activity with about 15% enhanced tumor inhibition rate compared with Taxotere on the marine hepatocarcinoma 22 subcutaneous model. The results prove that the SN-PEG-Dtxl has low toxicity and high therapy efficacy, which provides convincing evidence for the silica nanorattle as a promising candidate for a drug delivery system.
Using GPUs to improve multigrid solver performance on a cluster (2008)

This article explores the coupling of coarse and fine-grained parallelism for Finite Element simulations based on efficient parallel multigrid solvers.The focus lies on both system performance and a minimally invasive integration of hardware acceleration into an existing software package, requiring no changes to application code.Because of their excellent price performance ratio, we demonstrate the viability of our approach by using commodity graphics processors (GPUs) as efficient multigrid preconditioners.We address the issue of limited precision on GPUs by applying a mixed precision, iterative refinement technique.Other restrictions are also handled by a close interplay between the GPU and CPU.From a software perspective, we integrate the GPU solvers into the existing MPI-based Finite Element package by implementing the same interfaces as the CPU solvers, so that for the application programmer they are easily interchangeable.Our results show that we do not compromise any software functionality and gain speedups of two and more for large problems.Equipped with this additional option of hardware acceleration we compare different choices in increasing the performance of a conventional, commodity based cluster by increasing the number of nodes, replacement of nodes by a newer technology generation, and adding powerful graphics cards to the existing nodes.
Topic Augmented Neural Network for Short Text Conversation. (2016)

Message response matching is an important task within retrieval-based chatbots. We present a topic augmented neural network(TANN), comprising a sentence embedding layer, a topic embedding layer, and a matching layer, to match messages and response candidates. TANN inherits the benefits of neutral networks on matching sentence pairs, and leverages extra topic information and their corresponding weights as prior knowledge into a matching process. In TANN, the sentence embedding layer embeds an input message and a response into a vector space, while the topic embedding layer forms a topic vector by a linear combination of the embedding of topic words whose weights are determined by both themselves and the message vector. The message vector, the response vector, and the topic vector are then fed to the matching layer to calculate a matching score. The extensive evaluation of TANN, using large human annotated data sets, shows that TANN outperforms simple neutral network methods, while beating other typical matching models with a large margin.
Effect of trapping on the critical voltage for degradation in GaN high electron mobility transistors (2010)

We have performed V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0 V and OFF-state step-stress experiments on GaN-on-Si and GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistors under UV illumination and in the dark. We have found that for both stress conditions, UV illumination decreases the critical voltage for the onset of degradation in gate current in GaN-on-Si HEMTs in a pronounced way, but no such decrease is observed on SiC. This difference is attributed to UV-induced electron detrapping, which results in an increase in the electric field and, through the inverse piezoelectric effect, in the mechanical stress in the AlGaN barrier of the device. Due to the large number of traps in GaN-on-Si, this effect is clearer and more prominent than in GaN-on-SiC, which contains fewer traps in the fresh state.
Brain Electrolytes and Fluid Metabolism. (1973)

This is a splendid monograph which well fulfills the purpose of its title. By and large, it covers material that no other text reviews so comprehensively, and it presents the data in a detailed, clear, and authoritative way. Both authors have worked extensively in the field of fluid and electrolyte metabolism of the nervous system, and both have earned a high degree of respect for their many original contributions. Although the title might seem at first to appeal primarily to clinical investigators and research workers who deal with the nervous system, the principles are important both to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The topics included cover the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): the bloodbrain barrier, the various CSF and brain ions and their effects, acid base balance in the central nervous system, hydrocephalus, and the difficult and sometimes elusive matters of how electrolytes and fluids relate to the
High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Decomposition of Metallic Complex Salts (1989)

Superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films of zero-resistivity temperature 101 K and critical current 152 A/cm 2 (at 77 K) were synthesized on MgO (100) single-crystal substrates by thermal decomposition of metal naphthenates. During the temperature rise in annealing, there appeared a Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO x phase above ca. 750°C, a highly crystallized Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x phase above ca. 820°C and a highly crystallized Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO x phase above ca. 875°C. The annealing time in formation of the Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x phase should not be too long because of the relatively large surface effects in heat treatment of thin films.
Labor Scheduling, Part 4 (1999)

After forecasting demand, determining staffing levels to meet that demand, and specifying which employees will be needed, a manager must still monitor the day's actual demand to ensure that the workforce schedule is serving customers' needs as intended. A key element in that determination is to assess whether the real demand is matching the forecasted demand. Moreover, that determination should be made as early as possible so that the manager can make mid-course corrections to the schedule, if needed. One way to make an early call about the day's demand is to develop graphs of the operation's historical demand for each day of the week and compare the current day's demand to those patterns. That comparison usually will give the manager a reasonably solid indication of what level of demand the operation will experience for the day. That indication, in turn, allows the manager to assess whether the demand forecasts underlying the day's schedule were accurate and, if not, to take necessary actions to adjust staffing levels. The greater the manager's certainty about the day's eventual demand level, the greater the possibility that the manager can make timely, on-the-spot adjustments to the workforce schedule.
Human monocytes and macrophages regulate immune tolerance via integrin αvβ8–mediated TGFβ activation (2018)

Monocytes are crucial immune cells involved in regulation of inflammation either directly or via differentiation into macrophages in tissues. However, many aspects of how their function is controlled in health and disease are not understood. Here we show that human blood monocytes activate high levels of the cytokine TGFβ, a pathway that is not evident in mouse monocytes. Human CD14<sup>+</sup>, but not CD16<sup>+</sup>, monocytes activate TGFβ via expression of the integrin αvβ8 and matrix metalloproteinase 14, which dampens their production of TNFα in response to LPS. Additionally, when monocytes differentiate into macrophages, integrin expression and TGFβ-activating ability are maintained in anti-inflammatory macrophages but down-regulated in pro-inflammatory macrophages. In the healthy human intestine, integrin αvβ8 is highly expressed on mature tissue macrophages, with these cells and their integrin expression being significantly reduced in active inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, our data suggest that integrin αvβ8-mediated TGFβ activation plays a key role in regulation of monocyte inflammatory responses and intestinal macrophage homeostasis.
Fabrication of Ordered Ferromagnetic−Nonmagnetic Alloy Nanowire Arrays and their Magnetic Property Dependence on Annealing Temperature (2002)

Ordered ferromagnetic−nonmagnetic alloy (Co−Cu, Co−Ag and Fe−Ag) nanowire arrays embedded in the nanochannels of anodic aluminum membranes (AAM) have been fabricated by electrodeposition. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that these alloy nanowires are uniform in diameter and ordered. Magnetic measurements show that the perpendicular coercivity (HC⊥) of these ordered nanowire arrays increases dramatically, reaches their maximum, and then decreases sharply during the annealing process. However, there is not much change of the parallel coercivity (HC∥) for these alloy nanowire arrays in the same annealing conditions. This phenomenon should be contributed to the special structure of the nanowires/AAM.
DTN based dominating set routing technique for mobile ad hoc networks (2008)

With the wide spread of user mobility and the existence of various types of wireless networks, effective inter-networking is mandatory in order to support user roaming while maintaining the connectivity. In our previous work [1], we propose a system architecture to achieve the connectivity over a heterogeneous wireless network, which employs the delay-tolerant network (DTN) concept to overcome the problem of potential intermittent connections caused by user roaming and ensures quality of service (QoS) in the presence of a long disconnection period. In this paper, we present a new routing technique for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) based on the DTN system architecture. We introduce the concept of virtual network topology and redefine the dominating-set based routing for the challenged network environment under consideration. In addition, we propose a time based methodology to predict the probability of future contacts between node pairs to construct the virtual network topology. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dominating-set based routing scheme under the DTN system architecture.
Characterizing Piezoelectric Cantilevers for Vibration Energy Harvesting under Ambient Conditions (2013)

We report on measurement and modeling of dynamic energy harvesters based on oscillating piezoelectric cantilevers, along with careful calibration of energy conversion properties of such devices in their dynamic responses. We employ thin-film lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based cantilevers fabricated by laser micromachining, with efficient proof masses enabled by a heavy alloy with a low melting temperature (65°C) for tuning frequency and damping. By measuring devices with different circuit parameters, and analyzing the energy conversion in time-domain oscillations, we show a model that quantitatively reveals the effects of the loading circuit for energy harvesting. We also show the effects of device dimensions on their vibrations and converted voltage output waveforms. In harvesting vibrational energy through cycles of oscillations (in 80Hz-1kHz devices), energy conversion efficiency as high as 25% has been attained.
Analysis of factors influencing the annual energy production of photovoltaic systems (2003)

The most relevant basis for designing photovoltaic systems is their annual energy production, which is also the best metric for monitoring their long-term performance. An accurate array performance model based on established testing procedures is required to confidently predict energy available from the array. This model, coupled with the performance characteristics of other balance-of-system components, provides the tool necessary to calculate expected system performance and to compare actual versus expected energy production. Using such a tool, this paper quantifies the effect of the primary factors influencing the DC-energy available from different photovoltaic module technologies, and contrasts these influences with other system-level factors that often result in significantly less AC-energy delivered to the load than the array is capable of providing. Annual as well as seasonal energy production is discussed in the context of both grid-tied and stand-alone photovoltaic systems.
Detecting wheels of vehicle in stereo images (2002)

A method for detecting the wheels of a vehicle in stereo image pairs is presented. The method consists of two steps: geometrical transformation and circle extraction. The geometrical transformation uses the disparity values obtained from a stereo image pair to calculate the parameters of the plane containing wheels of the vehicle. These parameters are used to transform any elliptical wheels contained in the plane to circular ones which can be extracted by the circle extraction algorithm. The circle extraction algorithm consists of template matching and the Hough transform. In order to save computation and improve the results in the Hough transform, two constraints, the neighbor-region edge connectivity and the gradient direction of each edge point, are used to eliminate noncircular edge points. Experimental results show that these two constraints do eliminate noncircular edge points and preserve any circle embedded in edges. The final results show that the proposed method can detect and locate the wheels of a vehicle successfully.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE USE OF KETENE IN THE PREPARATION OF SIMPLE AND MIXED ACID ANHYDRIDES (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE USE OF KETENE IN THE PREPARATION OF SIMPLE AND MIXED ACID ANHYDRIDESCharles D. Hurd and Malcolm F. DullCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 8, 3427–3431Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01347a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01347a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts