gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CoA- and non-CoA-dependent retinol esterification in retinal pigment epithelium. (1988)

Washed, buffered microsomes from bovine retinal pigment epithelium catalyze retinyl ester synthesis from retinol in the absence of an exogenous acyl donor. A plot of retinyl ester synthesis versus time reaches a plateau at 123 +/- 26 nmol of retinyl ester mg-1 microsomal protein, providing a minimum value of the concentration of the endogenous acyl donor. Fatty acyl-CoA analysis by three different methods employing high performance liquid chromatography resulted in the detection of less than 1 nmol mg-1 protein of acyl-CoA, indicating that fatty acyl-CoA is not the endogenous acyl donor. Stimulation of the rate of retinyl ester synthesis by palmitoyl-CoA or ATP, CoA, and palmitate is observed following its addition at the beginning of the reaction or after the endogenous acyl source has been exhausted by 20 min of reaction with retinol. Palmitate from [14C]palmitoyl-CoA is incorporated into retinyl ester at a rate similar to that for the incorporation of [3H] retinol, demonstrating the presence of an apparent acyl-CoA:retinol acyl transferase activity. The acyl group from palmitoyl-CoA can be transferred initially to a component of the microsomes and subsequently to retinol. The product of retinyl ester synthesis from all-trans-retinol and palmitoyl-CoA is all-trans-retinyl palmitate, indicating that the stereochemical configuration is retained during esterification. The kinetic parameters for the esterification of 11-cis-retinol and all-trans-retinol are similar.
Myofascial manipulative release of carpal tunnel syndrome: Documentation with magnetic resonance imaging (1993)

Four patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, unresponsive to routine conservative care, underwent treatment with myofascial release manipulation and self-stretching. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel and electrodiagnosis were performed before and after treatment. The patients improved clinically. The nerve conduction studies showed concomitant reduction in distal latencies or increase in motor response amplitudes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the carpal canal significantly increased after treatment. This study demonstrates that the carpal canal is a distensible structure with the potential to yield to a relatively simple, aggressive, nonsurgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Classification of Mechanoluminescence (1995)

Abstract On the basis of the processes involved in inducing luminescence, mechanoluminescence (ML) may be classified into different types, such as: (i) piezo‐electrification‐induced fracto ML, (ii) defective‐phase piezo‐electrification‐induced fracto ML, (iii) charged dislocation electrification‐induced fracto ML, (iv) baro diffusion electrification‐induced fracto ML, (v) chemically‐induced fracto ML, (vi) thermally stimulated fracto ML, (vii) incandescent fracto ML, (viii) stress perturbation‐induced fracto ML, (ix) thermal excitation‐induced fracto ML, (x) mechanically excited ML, (xi) deep trap‐induced fracto ML, (xii) dislocation mechanical interaction‐induced plastico ML, (xiii) dislocation electrostatic interaction‐induced plastico ML, (xiv) charged dislocation electrification‐induced plastico ML, (xv) thermal excitation‐induced plastico ML, (xvi) dislocation mechanical interaction‐induced elastico ML, (xvii) dislocation electrostatic interaction‐induced elastico ML, (xviii) thermal excitation‐induced elastico ML, (xix) electrically induced tribo ML, (xx) chemically‐induced tribo ML, (xix) electrically induced tribo ML, (xx) chemically‐induced tribo ML, and (xxi) thermally‐induced tribo ML. It is expected that the processes involving dislocation electrostatic interaction‐induced elastico ML and thermal excitation‐induced elastico ML may provide suitable ML materials in future.
The iron-binding properties of hen ovotransferrin (1978)

1. The distribution of iron between the two iron-binding sites in partially saturated ovotransferrin was studied by labelling with 55Fe and 59Fe and by gel electrophoresis in a urea-containing buffer. 2. When iron is added in the form of chelate complexes at alkaline pH, binding occurs preferentially at the N-terminal binding site. In acid, binding occurs preferentially at the C-terminal site. 3. When simple iron donors (ferric and ferrous salts) are used the metal is distributed at random between the binding sites, as judged by the gel-electrophoresis method. The double-isotope method shows a preference of ferrous salts for the N-terminal site. 4. Quantitative treatment of the results of double-isotope labelling suggests that in the binding of iron to ovotransferrin at alkaline pH co-operative interactions between the sites occur. These interactions are apparently absent in the displacement of copper and in the binding of iron at acid pH.
Probabilistic Methods for Design Assessment of Reliability with Inspection (2002)

Conventional gas turbine rotor life prediction methodologies are based on nominal conditions that do not adequately account for material and manufacturing anomalies that can degrade the structural integrity of high-energy rotors. To account for these anomalies, the Rotor Integrity Subcommittee of the Aerospace Industries Association recommended adoption of a probabilistic damage tolerance approach to supplement the current safe-life methodology. The recommendation led to the development of a computer program called DARWIN that computes the probability of fracture as a function of flight cycles, considering random defect occurrence and location, random inspection schedules, and several other random variables. The probabilistic fatigue analysis methodology developed for DARWIN to address hard alpha material anomalies is presented. The capability of this computer program is demonstrated using several realistic rotor models provided by aircraft engine manufacturers. It is shown that the life approximation function and importance sampling methods significantly reduce computation time (nearly two orders of magnitude) compared to the Monte Carlo method. In addition, an optimal zone sampling strategy is presented that can minimize the total number of samples required to achieve e a a desired sampling accuracy result for a given confidence interval. This probabilistic methodology can be used to focus design efforts on variables that have the most influence on risk reduction.
Clustering and dimensionality reduction on Riemannian manifolds (2008)

We propose a novel algorithm for clustering data sampled from multiple submanifolds of a Riemannian manifold. First, we learn a representation of the data using generalizations of local nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms from Euclidean to Riemannian spaces. Such generalizations exploit geometric properties of the Riemannian space, particularly its Riemannian metric. Then, assuming that the data points from different groups are separated, we show that the null space of a matrix built from the local representation gives the segmentation of the data. Our method is computationally simple and performs automatic segmentation without requiring user initialization. We present results on 2-D motion segmentation and diffusion tensor imaging segmentation.
Fusion Power (1971)

Fusion will be and needs to be achieved. But when? Its primary fuel, deuterium, exists in sufficient quantity to satisfy any conceivable energy demands for thousands of millions of years. The cost of obtaining it from water is less than one per cent the present cost of coal. Is fusion power a distant dream or a near-term possibility? The first applications could come in the 1980s. Richard F. Post, a physicist, is head of the magnetic mirror program in controlled thermonuclear research at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, California. This report on progress in fusion research was adapted from his presentation last April 26 to the National Academy of Sciences Symposium on “Energy for the Future.”
Update: Imaging Probes Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases (2006)

During the past few years, several imaging probes targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been developed. Most of these probes have been validated in animal models. Overall, results derived from most of these studies have been disappointing. Whether or not this relates to shortcomings of the imaging probes used or to the set-up of the reported studies is currently unclear. Firstly, MMPs targeted in these studies, MMP-1, -2 and -9, are cell secreted and their expression is known to vary extensively within one tumor type, depending on the stage of development of the tumor and on the presence of naturally occurring TIMPs. Given the lack of data on the levels of MMP expression by incoculated tumor tissue at the time of imaging in most studies reported, it cannot be excluded that the negative results reported are, in fact, false-negative imaging results. Secondly, given that most of the agents used for imaging are intrinsically broad-spectrum agents, their higher affinity for specific subsets of MMPs does not necessarily imply that a positive imaging result also corresponds to overexpression of specific subsets of MMPs, as suggested in some papers published. Accordingly, well-characterized tumor models need to be developed for the purpose of validating currently available, as well as future, MMP-imaging probes. So far, only 111In-DTPA-N-TIMP-2 has been injected in patients, respectively suffering from Kaposi Sarcoma. Imaging results obtained with this agent proved disappointing. Imaging results obtained with other MMP-targeting probes in patients are awaited.
Rotating Neutron Stars (2007)

Because of the tremendous densities that exist in the cores of neutron stars, a significant fraction of the matter in the cores of such stars is likely to exist in the form of hyperons. Depending on spin frequency, the hyperon content changes dramatically in rotating neutron stars, as discussed in this paper.
Radiation Induced Long Chain Branching in High‐Density Polyethylene through a Reactive Extrusion Process (2013)

A reactive extrusion process is developed for the modification of the rheological properties of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) by inducing long chain branching (LCB) using a photoinitiator and ultraviolet (UV) light. A central composite response surface design is selected to design the experimental runs at different photoinitiator concentrations, polymer flow rates, and extruder screw speeds. The selected processing factors at the specified levels produce negligible amounts of gel as indicated by extraction experiments. Linear viscoelastic properties at low frequencies indicate the presence of long chain branches. Both zero shear viscosity and relaxation time of the modified samples are enhanced with the branching. According to further molecular characterization, the molecular weight averages are slightly increased, however, the polydispersity index (PDI) of the modified samples remains the same.
Nanoparticle delivery enhancement with acoustically activated microbubbles (2012)

The application of microbubbles and ultrasound to deliver nanoparticle carriers for drug and gene delivery is an area that has expanded greatly in recent years. Under ultrasound exposure, microbubbles can enhance nanoparticle delivery by increasing cellular and vascular permeability. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of enhanced nanoparticle delivery with ultrasound and microbubbles and various proposed delivery techniques are discussed. Additionally, types of nanoparticles currently being investigated in preclinical studies, as well as the general limitations and benefits of a microbubble- based approach to nanoparticle delivery, are reviewed.
Cancer Prevalence and Survivorship Issues: Analyses of the 1992 National Health Interview Survey (1999)

While cancer appears to be underreported on the 1992 NHIS, the survey provides valuable information about the medical, insurance, and employment experience of cancer survivors selected from a nationally representative sample of U.S. households.
Popularization of Anglo-American Rock in Czechoslovakia at the Time of Normalization on the Example of the Brno Scene (2020)

Studie zkoumĂĄ formy institucionalizovanĂŠ popularizace angloamerickĂŠho rocku v kontextu brnÄnskĂ˝ch hudebnĂ­ch klubĹŻ v dobÄ normalizace (1969-1989). Na zĂĄkladÄ nepublikovanĂ˝ch pramenĹŻ a orĂĄlnÄ historickĂŠho vĂ˝zkumu text ukazuje specifika rockovĂŠ scĂŠny v jihomoravskĂŠm regionu, souÄasnÄ rozporuje zaĹžitou interpretaci dÄjin rockovĂŠ hudby za Ĺželeznou oponou jako primĂĄrnÄ politickĂŠ sĂ­ly.
Expression of adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells from individuals with stable atopic asthma (1997)

Activated mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) (MNCs) circulate in peripheral blood and accumulate in the airways of individuals with steady-state asthma. The expression of adhesion molecules on MNCs of 10 patients with steady-state atopic asthma and 10 non-atopic control subjects was measured by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity of CD23 (P = 0.0003), CD11a (P = 0.034), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) (P = 0.016) was increased on lymphocytes of asthmatic patients relative to those of controls. Although the expression of CD16 (P = 0.002) and CD23 (P = 0.002), which are associated with differentiation into macrophages, was increased on monocytes of patients relative to those of controls, monocyte expression of VLA-4 (P = 0.006) and sialyl Lewis x (P = 0.005) was reduced. The concentration of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in serum was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal subjects (P = 0.023), and a significant correlation was apparent between the serum concentration of IL-4 and the expression of VLA-4 on lymphocytes (p = 0.71, P = 0.03) or on monocytes (p = -0.72, P = 0.03) in asthmatic patients. Results suggest that IL-4 may contribute to the priming of adhesion molecule expression on lymphocytes even in steady-state conditions in individuals with chronic allergic inflammation.
Cloning and functional characterization of the <i>fatty acid elongase 1</i> (<i>FAE1</i>) gene from high erucic <i>Crambe abyssinica </i>cv. Prophet (2007)

A genomic fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) clone was isolated from Crambe abyssinica. The genomic clone corresponds to a 1521-bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 507 amino acids. In yeast cells expression of CrFAE led to production of new very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids such as eicosenoic (20:1(delta11)) and erucic (22:1(delta13)) acids. Seed-specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in up to a 12-fold increase in the proportion of erucic acid. On the other hand, in transgenic high-erucic Brassica carinata plants, the proportion of erucic acid was as high as 51.9% in the best transgenic line, a net increase of 40% compared to wild type. These results indicate that the CrFAE gene encodes a condensing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids utilizing monounsaturated and saturated acyl substrates, with a strong capability for improving the erucic acid content.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Baylis‐Hillman Coupling Products: A Remarkable Reversal of Stereochemistry from Esters to Nitriles: A Simple Synthesis of (2E)‐2‐Methylalk‐2‐en‐1‐ols and (2Z)‐2‐Methylalk‐2‐ enenitriles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In vivo tear film thickness measurement and tear film dynamics visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2015)

Dry eye syndrome is a highly prevalent disease of the ocular surface characterized by an instability of the tear film. Traditional methods used for the evaluation of tear film stability are invasive or show limited repeatability. Here we propose a new non-invasive fully automated approach to measure tear film thickness based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography and on an efficient delay estimator. Silicon wafer phantom were used to validate the thickness measurement. The technique was applied in vivo in healthy subjects. Series of tear film thickness maps were generated, allowing for the visualization of tear film dynamics. Our results show that the in vivo central tear film thickness measurements are precise and repeatable with a coefficient of variation of about 0.65% and that repeatable tear film dynamics can be observed. The presented approach could be used in clinical setting to study patients with dry eye disease and monitor their treatments.
Isolated bridgeless converter for welding power supply with improved power quality (2014)

This paper presents a single-stage isolated bridgeless Full Bridge (FB) converter based Arc Welding Power Supply (AWPS). The proposed topology incorporates a bridgeless Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter using Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) operation of the boost rectifier and FB DC-DC converter to ensure unity power factor at input AC mains. The DCM operation substantially reduces the complexity of the control. The efficient control of AWPS facilitates fast dynamic response which enables to achieve high quality weld. Eliminating input side diode bridge rectifier reduces the number of components and minimizes the conduction losses. The analysis, design and simulation results of the isolated bridgeless converter based AWPS are presented and discussed in detail.
Secure and private cloud storage systems with random linear fountain codes (2017)

An information theoretic approach to security and privacy called Secure And Private Information Retrieval (SAPIR) is introduced. SAPIR is applied to distributed data storage systems. In this approach, random combinations of all contents are stored across the network. Our coding approach is based on Random Linear Fountain (RLF) codes. To retrieve a content, a group of servers collaborate with each other to form a Reconstruction Group (RG). SAPIR achieves asymptotic perfect secrecy if at least one of the servers within an RG is not compromised. Further, a Private Information Retrieval (PIR) scheme based on random queries is proposed. The PIR approach ensures the users privately download their desired contents without the servers knowing about the requested contents indices. The proposed scheme is adaptive and can provide privacy against a significant number of colluding servers.
A Radioimmunoassay Using a Monoclonal Antibody To Monitor the Course of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (1984)

BAST, ROBERT C. JR.; KLUG, THOMAS L.; JOHN, ELENA ST.; JENISON, ERIC; NILOFF, JONATHAN M.; LAZARUS, HERBERT; BERKOWTIZ, ROSS S.; ZURAWSKI, VINCENT R.; KNAPP, ROBERT C.; LEAVITT, THOMAS; GRIFFITHS, C. THOMAS; PARKER, LEROY Author Information
Multifunctional Structural Composite Batteries for U.S. Army Applications (2007)

This report is a reprint from the Proceedings of the 2006 Army Science Conference at Orlando, FL on 27 30 November 2006. We are developing structural polymeric composites with battery functionality. These devices both carry structural loads and store electrochemical energy. If designed with sufficient structural and energy efficiency, these materials could enable significant system-level weight reductions by replacing inert structural components while providing supplementary power for light load applications. To enable this concept, we have designed load-bearing properties directly into the battery electrodes and electrolyte such that each component is itself multifunctional. Carbon fiber fabric anodes, cathode-coated metal meshes, and solvent-free structural polymer electrolytes are each being developed to exhibit a desirable combination of mechanical strength and electrochemical performance. These components are being integrated using moldable, scalable, cost-effective composite processing techniques.
Articulation Theory (2016)

Abstract This entry explores the development of articulation theory as an approach to understanding the ways in which elements in a social formation are linked and affect relations of domination and resistance. It examines the contributions of key figures, considers key concepts, and explores challenges for theorizing in the future.
Effects of 5-Fluorouracil on Morphology, Cell Cycle, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Autophagy and ROS Production in Endothelial Cells and Cardiomyocytes (2015)

Antimetabolites are a class of effective anticancer drugs interfering in essential biochemical processes. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug Capecitabine are widely used in the treatment of several solid tumors (gastro-intestinal, gynecological, head and neck, breast carcinomas). Therapy with fluoropyrimidines is associated with a wide range of adverse effects, including diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, nausea, stomatitis, and hand-foot syndrome. Among the 5-FU side effects, increasing attention is given to cardiovascular toxicities induced at different levels and intensities. Since the mechanisms related to 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity are still unclear, we examined the effects of 5-FU on primary cell cultures of human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, which represent two key components of the cardiovascular system. We analyzed at the cellular and molecular level 5-FU effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, survival and induction of apoptosis, in an experimental cardioncology approach. We observed autophagic features at the ultrastructural and molecular levels, in particular in 5-FU exposed cardiomyocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation characterized the endothelial response. These responses were prevented by a ROS scavenger. We found induction of a senescent phenotype on both cell types treated with 5-FU. In vivo, in a xenograft model of colon cancer, we showed that 5-FU treatment induced ultrastructural changes in the endothelium of various organs. Taken together, our data suggest that 5-FU can affect, both at the cellular and molecular levels, two key cell types of the cardiovascular system, potentially explaining some manifestations of 5-FU-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
Characterization of an inducible oxidative stress system in Bacillus subtilis (1990)

Exponentially growing cells of Bacillus subtilis demonstrated inducible protection against killing by hydrogen peroxide when prechallenged with a nonlethal dose of this oxidative agent. Cells deficient in a functional recE+ gene product were as much as 100 times more sensitive to the H2O2 but still exhibited an inducible protective response. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide also induced the recE(+)-dependent DNA damage-inducible (din) genes, the resident prophage, and the product of the recE+ gene itself. Thus hydrogen peroxide is capable of inducing the SOS-like or SOB system of B. subtilis. However, the induction of this DNA repair system by other DNA-damaging agents is not sufficient to activate the protective response to hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, at least one more regulatory network (besides the SOB system) that responds to oxidative stress must exist. Furthermore, the data presented indicate that a functional catalase gene is necessary for this protective response.