gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase from rat liver mitochondria. (1988)

Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase was purified from female rat liver mitochondria based on the catalytic enzyme activity. The final preparation of cytochrome P-450 was homogeneous judging from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr = 52,500). The specific content of the purified enzyme was 12 nmol/mg of protein. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme showed a peak at 417 nm and that of the dithionite-reduced CO complex at 450 nm, indicating the enzyme belongs to the cytochrome P-450 family. Upon reconstitution with the electron-transferring system of the adrenal system (adrenodoxin and NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase), the enzyme showed a high activity in hydroxylating 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol at position 25 with a turnover number of 3.8 min-1 and Km of 54 microM. The enzyme activity was completely lost when the electron-transferring system was repLaced by that of microsomes (NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from rat liver microsomes), confirming that the P-450 enzyme was of the mitochondrial type, not the microsomal type. The omission of cytochrome P-450, adrenodoxin, or NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity. The liver mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 hydroxylates vitamin D3 and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 at position 25, but did not show any activity toward xenobiotics such as benzphetamine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and benzo[a]pyrene. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by aminoglutethimide but slightly inhibited by metyrapone. The enzyme activity was markedly inhibited in an atmosphere of CO:O2:N2, 40:20:40.
Design and feasibility tests of flexible gripper for handling variable shape of food products (2010)

The application of automation for handling of non-rigid or semirigid food products are limited due to lack of appropriate gripper. Most of the robot grippers are not easily applicable due to food products are often delicate, easily marked or bruised, adhesive and slippery. In this paper, we present an innovative approach of a gripper for handling variable size, shape and weight of unpacked food products. The gripper operates using Bernoulli principle of generating a high-speed flow between the gripper plate and product surface thereby creating a vacuum which lifted the product was designed and built. Feasibility experiments were performed to demonstrate and obtain an overall understanding on the capability and limitations of the gripper.
Secret keys from entangled sensor motes (2010)

Key management in wireless sensor networks does not only face typical, but also several new challenges. The scale, resource limitations, and new threats such as node capture and compromise necessitate the use of an on-line key generation, where secret keys are generated by the nodes themselves. However, the cost of such schemes is high since their secrecy is based on computational complexity. Recently, several research contributions justified that the wireless channel itself can be used to generate information-theoretic secure keys between two parties. By exchanging sampling messages during movement, a bit string can be derived that is only known to the involved entities. Yet, movement is not the only possibility to generate randomness. The channel response is also strongly dependent on the frequency of the transmitted signal. In our work, we introduce a protocol for key generation based on the frequency-selectivity of channel fading. The great practical advantage of this approach is that we do not rely on node movement as the source of randomness. Thus, the frequent case of a sensor network with static motes is supported. Furthermore, the error correction property of the proposed protocol mitigates the effects of measurement errors and other temporal effects, giving rise to a key agreement rate of over 97%. We show the applicability of our protocol by implementing it on MICAz motes, and evaluate its robustness and secrecy through experiments and analysis.
Study on Preparation of the Precursor of Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub> Alloy by Oxalate Co-Precipitation (2014)

In the oxalate system, some factors of pH values, reactant concentration, feeding method and reaction temperature affecting the grain size and morphology of the precursor of Sm2Fe17 alloy by co-precipitation were investigated. By means of comprehensive experimental and XRD and SEM analysis, the optimum conditions for preparing the precursor of Sm2Fe17 alloy by co-precipitation were obtained and it laid a sound foundation for the subsequent preparation of high-performance magnetic material.
On incorporation of BIST for the synthesis of easily and fully testable controllers (2002)

BIST (Built-In-Self-Test) has received significant attention in, both academic and industrial circles, as id offers solutions to several major testing problems at both chip level as well as system level. However most of the commercial RTL synthesis tools to date, used by designers offer full scan and/or partial scan solutions for testing the synthesized netlists thus making the effectiveness of the testing scheme totally governed by the effectiveness of ATPGs in generating the necessary test patterns to ensure high testability. Designing a sequential ATPG to ensure high testability of FSMs in all types of RTL designs is a complex task. In this work, we have proposed a Cellular Automata (CA) based BIST scheme for testing FSMs in the netlists generated after synthesizing a VERILOG/VHDL description. The scheme makes the FSMs fully testable for a single stuck-at fault model. We have integrated this scheme for testing control part into SYNERGY which is the Cadence RTL synthesis tool. The generated netlists have been simulated using VERILOG simulator of Cadence for verifying the functional correctness. The experimental results on a typical target library have shown a BIST area overhead of around 10% in most of the designs and 13% and 17% in two designs.
Atomic-Scale Structure of Single-Layer<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>MoS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Nanoclusters (2000)

We have studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) the atomic-scale realm of molybdenum disulfide ( MoS2) nanoclusters, which are of interest as a model system in hydrodesulfurization catalysis. The STM gives the first real space images of the shape and edge structure of single-layer MoS2 nanoparticles synthesized on Au(111), and establishes a new picture of the active edge sites of the nanoclusters. The results demonstrate a way to get detailed atomic-scale information on catalysts in general.
Use of a Monoclonal Antibody in an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Fecal Specimens (1985)

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Entamoeba histolytica in human feces, using both a monoclonal antibody and rabbit antisera. It detected from less than 1 to 57 trophozoites of 6 E. histolytica strains. Stool specimens were positive by ELISA in 18 of 22 (82%) patients with E. histolytica and in 3 of 186 (2%) of patients without demonstrable E. histolytica in their stools. The latter included one from a child living near an asymptomatic cyst carrier and another from a traveler with giardiasis who had recently taken antibiotics. One hundred eight of 183 microscopy-and ELISA-negative specimens contained other parasites including Giardia (49 specimens), Endolimax nana (24), Entamoeba coli (21), Iodamoeba butschlii (2), and Entamoeba hartmanni (1). This ELISA for E. histolytica is a simple, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool.
Deep Multitask Architecture for Integrated 2D and 3D Human Sensing (2017)

We propose a deep multitask architecture for fully automatic 2d and 3d human sensing (DMHS), including recognition and reconstruction, in monocular images. The system computes the figure-ground segmentation, semantically identifies the human body parts at pixel level, and estimates the 2d and 3d pose of the person. The model supports the joint training of all components by means of multi-task losses where early processing stages recursively feed into advanced ones for increasingly complex calculations, accuracy and robustness. The design allows us to tie a complete training protocol, by taking advantage of multiple datasets that would otherwise restrictively cover only some of the model components: complex 2d image data with no body part labeling and without associated 3d ground truth, or complex 3d data with limited 2d background variability. In detailed experiments based on several challenging 2d and 3d datasets (LSP, HumanEva, Human3.6M), we evaluate the sub-structures of the model, the effect of various types of training data in the multitask loss, and demonstrate that state-of-the-art results can be achieved at all processing levels. We also show that in the wild our monocular RGB architecture is perceptually competitive to a state-of-the art (commercial) Kinect system based on RGB-D data.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of Osmametallocenophanes with Different Ring Size<sup>,</sup><sup>1</sup> (1999)

The reaction of the bis(triflates) [η5-C5H4(CH2)nOTf]2M (n = 3, M = Fe (4a), Ru (5a); n = 4, M = Fe (4b), Ru (5b); n = 6, M = Fe (4c), Ru (5c)), which are obtained from the bis(alcohols) [η5-C5H4(CH2)nOH]2M (2a−c, 3a−c) and (CF3SO2)2O in the presence of pyridine, with Na2[Os(CO)4] in dimethyl ether results in the formation of the novel osmametallocenophanes [η5-C5H4(CH2)nOs(CO)4(CH2)nC5H4-η5]M (6a−c, 7a−c). The structures of 6b (n = 4, M = Fe) and 7c (n = 6, M = Ru) were investigated by X-ray structural analyses. In a similar way the bis(rhenium) complexes [η5-C5H4(CH2)nRe(CO)5]2M (8a−c, 9a−c) were made accessible from the bis(triflates) 4a−c and 5a−c and Na[Re(CO)5] in THF. The dependence of the redox behavior of the metallocene unit in the osmametallocenophanes 6a−c and 7b,c on the metal−metal distance was examined by means of cyclic voltammetry. The obtained results were compared with those of the bis(alcohols) 2a−c and 3a−c and the bis(rhenium) complexes 8a−c and 9a−c. The ferrocenes are characterized by a reversible one-electron oxidation, whereas the ruthenocenes feature an irreversible two-electron process accompanied by a chemical reaction. A consistent through-space effect of the spacer-bound substituents on the redox potential is observed in the case of the ferrocenes.
Is occupational noise exposure during pregnancy a risk factor of damage to the auditory system of the fetus? (1986)

Abstract In the Province of Quebec, the regulated daily noise exposure limit is 90 dBA‐8h. This limit value also applies to pregnant women. Experimental studies suggest however, that this standard is not sufficiently stringent to protect the auditory system of the fetus, particularly in cases of low‐frequency noise exposure. An exploratory study was undertaken to assess this possibility. A total of 131 children were examined. Their mothers had worked, while pregnant with that child, in noise conditions ranging from 65 to 95 dBA‐8h. Results show (1) a three‐fold increase in the risk of having a high‐frequency hearing loss in the children whose mothers were exposed to noise in the range between a L Aeq,9m of 85 to 95 dB, and (2) a significant increase in the risk of hearing loss at a frequency of 4000 Hz when these exposures involved a strong component of low‐frequency noise.
Space mapping optimization of microwave circuits exploiting surrogate models (2002)

A powerful new Aggressive Space Mapping (ASM) optimization algorithm is presented. It draws upon recent developments in both surrogate-based optimization and microwave device neuromodeling. Our surrogate formulation (new to microwave engineering) exploits, in a novel way, a linear frequency-space mapping. This is a powerful approach to severe response misalignments.
Bridgehead Modifications of Englerin A Reduce TRPC4 Activity and Intravenous Toxicity but not Cell Growth Inhibition (2020)

Modifications at the bridgehead position of englerin A were made to explore the effects of variation at this site on the molecule for biological activity, as judged by the NCI 60 screen, in which englerin A is highly potent and selective for renal cancer cells. Replacement of the isopropyl group by other, larger substituents yielded compounds which displayed excellent selectivity and potency comparable to the natural product. Selected compounds were also evaluated for their effect on the ion channel TRPC4 as well as for intravenous toxicity in mice, and these had lower potency in both assays compared to englerin A.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION ALGORITHMS IN LONG TERM EVOLUTION NETWORKS (2016)

The growth in the good number of real-time and non-real-time applications has sparked a renewed interest in exploring resource allocation schemes that can be efficient and fair to all the applications in overloaded scenarios. In this paper, the performance of six scheduling algorithms for Long Term Evolution (LTE) downlink networks were analyzed and compared. These algorithms are Proportional Fair (PF), Exponential/Proportional Fair (EXP/PF), Maximum Largest Weighted Delay First (MLWDF), Frame Level Scheduler (FLS), Exponential (EXP) rule and Logarithmic (LOG) rule.  The performances of these algorithms were evaluated using an open source simulator (LTE simulator) and compared based on network parameters which include: throughput, delay, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), and fairness. This work aims at giving insight on the gains made on radio resource scheduling for LTE network and to x-ray the issues that require improvement in order to provide better performance to the users. The results of this work show that FLS algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of delay, PLR, throughput, and fairness for VoIP and video flow. It was also observed that for Best Effort (BE) flows, FLS outperforms other algorithms in terms of delay and PLR but performed least in terms of throughput and fairness. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.21
Sphingoid long chain bases prevent lung infection by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2014)

Cystic fibrosis patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, trauma, burn wound, or patients requiring ventilation are susceptible to severe pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Physiological innate defense mechanisms against this pathogen, and their alterations in lung diseases, are for the most part unknown. We now demonstrate a role for the sphingoid long chain base, sphingosine, in determining susceptibility to lung infection by P. aeruginosa. Tracheal and bronchial sphingosine levels were significantly reduced in tissues from cystic fibrosis patients and from cystic fibrosis mouse models due to reduced activity of acid ceramidase, which generates sphingosine from ceramide. Inhalation of mice with sphingosine, with a sphingosine analog, FTY720, or with acid ceramidase rescued susceptible mice from infection. Our data suggest that luminal sphingosine in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells prevents pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in normal individuals, paving the way for novel therapeutic paradigms based on inhalation of acid ceramidase or of sphingoid long chain bases in lung infection.
A micromachined suspended plate viscosity sensor featuring in-plane vibrations and integrated piezoresistive readout (2009)

We present a novel resonant miniaturized sensor for the viscosity of liquids. The sensing element is a rectangular plate suspended by four beam springs. This plate vibrates in-plane. Thus, the plate's contribution to the device damping is low, but the plate increases the moving mass of the resonator. This principle aims at improving the quality factor, and gives additional freedom to the device designer. The sensor was fabricated by micromachining, and features Lorentz force actuation and piezoresistive readout. We present a device prototype and show by experiment, that the quality factor of the sensor is an appropriate measure for the viscosity.
Cyclische Wasserspaltung in H<sub>2</sub> und O<sub>2</sub> durch sichtbares Licht mit gekoppelten Redoxkatalysatoren (1979)

Ein komplettes System zur Wasserzerlegung durch Licht (250W‐Lampe) besteht aus den Katalysatoren Pt und RuO 2 sowie dem Sensibilisator Ru(bpy) und dem Acceptor Methylviologen (MV 2+ ). 150 ml Lösung ergaben in 3 h 0.6 ml H 2 und 0.3 ml O 2 . magnified image
Extending Orthogonal and Nearly Orthogonal Latin Hypercube Designs for Computer Simulation and Experimentation (2006)

Computational experimentation is an important tool of the military. It provides useful insights at a lower cost of time and money when compared to physical experiments. Consequently computational experiments are used to evaluate weapon systems for technology acquisibon examine tactics and to help select among alternatives for military operations and war plans. Experiments often consist of a large number of factors. Advancements in computing power and design of experiments (DOE) for simulation allow for the investigation of more of these factors through computational experiments achieved with less expense in time effort and money. Within the framework of DOE this thesis investigates Orthogonal Latin Hypercube (OLH) and Nearly Orthogonal Latin Hypercube (NOLH) designs. These designs are often used for computational experiments. This research greatly expands upon the size (in terms of runs and especially variables) of the available OLH and NOLH designs. Previously the largest catalogued OLH and NOLH designs were a maximum of 29 variables and 257 runs. OLH and good space-filling NOLH designs for up to 512 variables in 1025 runs are now available. This thesis also develops an algorithm for handling discrete factors with the designs. Finally the effects of stacking multiple OLH designs into one larger design are quantified. All of the designs developed in this research are available at the Simulation Experiments & Efficient Designs (SEED) Center website (htto://harvest.nos.edu).
Synthesis of α-GalNAc Thioconjugates from an α-GalNAc Mercaptan (2002)

A variety of functionalized thioglycosides and other derivatives (10-24) of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-alpha-D-galactopyranose have been prepared in good yields and with high anomeric purities by S-substitution reactions of the sulfide anion or sulfur-centered radical from mercaptan 6. Given the importance in nature of the alpha-GalNAc 1-O-linkage, and the greater chemical and biological stability of the corresponding 1-S-linkage, these thioconjugates may find application in studies of synthetic vaccines, enzyme inhibitors, glycomimetic scaffolds, and other complex carbohydrate systems.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging – techniques and applications (2012)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) uses the fact that the fluorescence lifetime of a fluorophore depends on its molecular environment but not on its concentration. Molecular effects in a sample can therefore be investigated independently of the variable, and usually unknown concentration of the fluorophore. There is a variety of technical solutions of lifetime imaging in microscopy. The technical part of this paper focuses on time-domain FLIM by multidimensional time-correlated single photon counting, time-domain FLIM by gated image intensifiers, frequency-domain FLIM by gain-modulated image intensifiers, and frequency-domain FLIM by gain-modulated photomultipliers. The application part describes the most frequent FLIM applications: Measurement of molecular environment parameters, protein-interaction measurements by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and measurements of the metabolic state of cells and tissue via their autofluorescence. Measurements of local environment parameters are based on lifetime changes induced by fluorescence quenching or conformation changes of the fluorophores. The advantage over intensity-based measurements is that no special ratiometric fluorophores are needed. Therefore, a much wider selection of fluorescence markers can be used, and a wider range of cell parameters is accessible. FLIM-FRET measures the change in the decay function of the FRET donor on interaction with an acceptor. FLIM-based FRET measurement does not have to cope with problems like donor bleedthrough or directly excited acceptor fluorescence. This relaxes the requirements to the absorption and emission spectra of the donors and acceptors used. Moreover, FLIM-FRET measurements are able to distinguish interacting and noninteracting fractions of the donor, and thus obtain independent information about distances and interacting and noninteracting protein fractions. This is information not accessible by steady-state FRET techniques. Autofluorescence FLIM exploits changes in the decay parameters of endogenous fluorophores with the metabolic state of the cells or the tissue. By resolving changes in the binding, conformation, and composition of biologically relevant compounds FLIM delivers information not accessible by steady-state fluorescence techniques.
In Situ Hybridization and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (1997)

Quantitative and structural aberrations in the genomic content of malignancies or premalignant lesions are in many cases correlated with the prognosis of the disease. Since such genetic changes are central to the initiation and progression of neoplasms, techniques have been developed for their detection and characterization.
Use of uterine electromyography to diagnose term and preterm labor (2010)

Current methodologies to assess the process of labor, such as tocodynamometry or intrauterine pressure catheters, fetal fibronectin, cervical length measurement and digital cervical examination, have several major drawbacks. They only measure the onset of labor indirectly and do not detect cellular changes characteristic of true labor. Consequently, their predictive values for term or preterm delivery are poor. Uterine contractions are a result of the electrical activity within the myometrium. Measurement of uterine electromyography (EMG) has been shown to detect contractions as accurately as the currently used methods. In addition, changes in cell excitability and coupling required for effective contractions that lead to delivery are reflected in changes of several EMG parameters. Use of uterine EMG can help to identify patients in true labor better than any other method presently employed in the clinic.
Fragment-Based Discovery and Optimization of Enzyme Inhibitors by Docking of Commercial Chemical Space (2017)

Fragment-based lead discovery has emerged as a leading drug development strategy for novel therapeutic targets. Although fragment-based drug discovery benefits immensely from access to atomic-resolution information, structure-based virtual screening has rarely been used to drive fragment discovery and optimization. Here, molecular docking of 0.3 million fragments to a crystal structure of cancer target MTH1 was performed. Twenty-two predicted fragment ligands, for which analogs could be acquired commercially, were experimentally evaluated. Five fragments inhibited MTH1 with IC50 values ranging from 6 to 79 μM. Structure-based optimization guided by predicted binding modes and analogs from commercial chemical libraries yielded nanomolar inhibitors. Subsequently solved crystal structures confirmed binding modes predicted by docking for three scaffolds. Structure-guided exploration of commercial chemical space using molecular docking gives access to fragment libraries that are several orders of magnitude larger than those screened experimentally and can enable efficient optimization of hits to potent leads.