gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Key Success Factors in the Implementation of an Automated Dispensing System in Community Pharmacy (2008)

This research project was undertaken to determine the factors which influence the success of animplementation of a disruptive technology in a small business context. The technology studiedwas automated dispensing systems (ADSs) which are at an early stage of adoption and representa major innovation in community pharmacy. Twenty interviews were conducted with owners,managers and 10 dispensary assistants from all 11 pharmacies in Australia where ADSs havebeen installed to date. Two main themes were identified from the interviews; pharmacyorganisational characteristics and factors associated with the new technology, the ADS itself.Pharmacy organisational characteristics include factors associated with the leadership, theplanning undertaken, employees, the pharmacy and its processes. Factors associated with theADS included the machine itself, the software, the installation and the vendor.
Bidirectional hierarchical anchoring of motion fields for scalable video coding (2014)

The ability to predict motion fields at finer temporal scales from coarser ones is a very desirable property for temporal scalability. This is at best very difficult in current state-of-the-art video codecs (i.e., H.264, HEVC), where motion fields are anchored in the frame that is to be predicted (target frame). In this paper, we propose to anchor motion fields in the reference frames. We show how from only one fully coded motion field at the coarsest temporal level as well as breakpoints which signal discontinuities in the motion field, we are able to reliably predict motion fields used at finer temporal levels. This significantly reduces the cost for coding the motion fields. Results on synthetic data show improved rate-distortion (R-D) performance and superior scalability, when compared to the traditional way of anchoring motion fields.
Immunologic response to recombinant hirudin in HIT type II patients during long‐term treatment (1999)

We prospectively investigated 27 patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II who were subsequently treated with r-hirudin. Patients with venous or arterial thromboembolism were treated with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-controlled intravenous r-hirudin (n = 19; mean 19.3 d) followed by subcutaneous r-hirudin (n = 6; mean 22.5 d) and oral anticoagulation. Patients without thromboembolism were treated with subcutaneous r-hirudin (n = 8; mean 25.9 d). Four patients were readmitted to subcutaneous r-hirudin for a mean duration of 32 d. The incidence of r-hirudin antibodies was 84% for intravenously treated patients and 50% in subcutaneously treated patients. The patients (n = 27) showed a 74% overall incidence of r-hirudin antibodies, mainly of the IgG-subclass, without seroconversion before day 6 and after day 32 of r-hirudin treatment or during r-hirudin treatment. None of the patients showed onset or recurrence of venous or arterial thromboembolism, systemic allergic reactions or IgE-antibody development. During intravenous and subcutaneous administration of r-hirudin the aPTT and the ecarin clotting time was increased in the antibody-positive patients compared to antibody-negative patients. Therefore we assume that r-hirudin antibodies may reduce r-hirudin metabolism.
Steel needles used for intravenous therapy. Morbidity in patients with hematologic malignancy (1980)

• We studied the morbidity associated with steel needles used for intravenous therapy in adults with hematologic malignancy. Of 148 needles, 52 (36.1%) produced local inflammation, increasing with placements exceeding 24 hours, use of dextrose-containing infusate or intravenous antibiotics, granulocytopenia, and local infection. Eight needles (5.4%) caused local infection and three (2.1%) caused septicemia. Of nine bacteremias occurring in the 43 study patients, none of the five caused by Gram-negative bacilli, but three of the four caused by staphylococci, originated from steel needles. Five of eight local infections and all septicemias occurred with placements exceeding 72 hours (P =.016); each patient with septicemia was granulocytopenic. Intravenous steel needles are a major source of morbidity in patients with granulocytopenia or who are otherwise immunologically compromised. The insertion site should be routinely rotated at least every three days. Nosocomial staphylococcal bacteremia in granulocytopenic patients is likely to be due to an intravenous needle or similar device used for vascular access. (Arch Intern Med 140:31-34, 1980)
ATTAPULGITE: ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTATTAPULGITE: ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONSW. Lynwood Haden and I. Albert SchwintCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1967, 59, 9, 58–69Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51403a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51403a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1905Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Impact of fiber four-photon mixing on the design of n-channel megameter optical communication systems (1993)

Four-photon mixing (FPM) constitutes one of the most restrictive nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. Therefore it has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. However, the majority of these studies have considered just the physics of FPM.1·2 Only a few investigations have been reported on the actual impact on the design of multichannel optical communication systems.3,4 For the first time to our knowledge we present analytic expressions that determine the possible fiber-input-power range for a system with an arbitrary number of channels and an arbitrary amplifier spacing, taking into account the phase relations between different channels.
Platinum(<scp>ii</scp>)–porphyrin as a sensitizer for visible-light driven water oxidation in neutral phosphate buffer (2015)

A water-soluble Pt(<sc>ii</sc>)–porphyrin with a high potential for one-electron oxidation (∼1.42 V <italic>vs.</italic> NHE) proves very suitable for visible-light driven water oxidation in neutral phosphate buffer solution in combination with a variety of WOCs.
Limitation of the clock frequency stability by the interrogation frequency noise: experimental results (1993)

Recent advances in atomic physics will make it possible to reach frequency stabilities in the range of 10/sup -14/-10/sup 15/ tau /sup -1/2/ for passive atomic frequency standards. However, it is recognized that the frequency noise in the interrogating microwave signal limits the frequency stability, approximately to the range 10/sup -12/-10/sup -13/ tau /sup -1/2/, depending on the spectral purity of the VCXO and on the modulation frequency f/sub M/. In order to investigate this effect experimentally, two identical microwave generators are realized at 9192 MHz. These two microwave generators enable one to measure the power spectral density (PSD) of their frequency fluctuations with or without additive frequency noise, and to characterize separately the limit of the frequency stability related to the interrogation frequency noise. The relation between the microwave frequency noise at 2nf/sub M/ and the frequency stability limit is verified: experimental results very precisely confirm the predictions of the model for slow modulation frequencies. In any case, the spurious effect is related only to the frequency noise present in the microwave interrogation at Fourier frequencies which are even harmonics of the modulation frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fertilizer Technology, Liquid Fertilizers from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid. Suspension of Impurities (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFertilizer Technology, Liquid Fertilizers from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid. Suspension of ImpuritiesA. V. Slack and M. C. NasonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1961, 9, 5, 343–348Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60117a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60117a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HER2 expression in cervical cancer as a potential therapeutic target (2004)

The low frequency of expression in primary cases suggests that trastuzumab could have a limited value for the primary management of cervical cancer patients, however, the finding of "conversion" to Hercep Test 2+ and 3+ of recurrent tumors indicates the need to further evaluate the expression of HER2 in the metastatic and recurrent cases.
Exploring challenges in rational enzyme design by simulating the catalysis in artificial kemp eliminase (2010)

One of the fundamental challenges in biotechnology and in biochemistry is the ability to design effective enzymes. Doing so would be a convincing manifestation of a full understanding of the origin of enzyme catalysis. Despite an impressive progress, most of the advances on this front have been made by placing the reacting fragments in the proper places, rather than by optimizing the environment preorganization, which is the key factor in enzyme catalysis. Rational improvement of the preorganization would require approaches capable of evaluating reliably the actual catalytic effect. This work takes previously designed kemp eliminases as a benchmark for a computer aided enzyme design, using the empirical valence bond as the main screening tool. The observed absolute catalytic effect and the effect of directed evolution are reproduced and analyzed (assuming that the substrate is in the designed site). It is found that, in the case of kemp eliminases, the transition state charge distribution makes it hard to exploit the active site polarity, even with the ability to quantify the effect of different mutations. Unexpectedly, it is found that the directed evolution mutants lead to the reduction of solvation of the reactant state by water molecules rather that to the more common mode of transition state stabilization used by naturally evolved enzymes. Finally it is pointed out that our difficulties in improving Kemp eliminase are not due to overlooking exotic effect, but to the challenge in designing a preorganized environment that would exploit the small change it charge distribution during the formation of the transition state.
New tools for structural testing - Piezoelectric impact hammers and acceleration rate sensors (1997)

Small-sizeultra-high-precision mechanical systems demand special testing methodologies, such as a betterhighfrequency response, a precise impact position, an extremely high repeatability, etc. Utilizing the fact that signals obtained from piezoelectric sensing elements are strongly ine uenced by the interfacing circuitry, piezoelectric sensors that can be used to measure acceleration rate were developed. Both analytical and experimental results indicatethataccelerationratesensorscandetectthearrivalofrealisticshock earlierthanconventionalaccelerometerscan.An ultra-high-precisionhigh-speedpiezoelectricimpactsystemwithanon-lineloadcellwasalsomodeled, designed, and built. The sensitivity ofthison-lineload cell wascalibrated by using a standard quartzload cell. This innovative high-speed impact hammer system was found to have a timing accuracy in the range of microseconds and a positioning accuracy in the range of micrometers.
Parallel path planning with multiple evasion strategies (2003)

Probabilistic path planning driven by a potential field is a well established technique and has been successfully exploited to solve complex problems arising in a variety of domains. However, planners implementing this approach are rather inefficient in dealing with certain types of local minima occurring in the potential field, especially those characterized by deep or large attraction basins. In this paper, we present a potential field planner combining "smart" escape motions from local minima with parallel computation to improve overall performance. The results obtained show significant improvement in planning time, along with remarkable reduction in standard deviation. A performance comparison on a benchmark problem of the potential field planner and an existing, state-of-the-art planner is also included. Our investigation confirms the effectiveness of potential field as heuristic to solve difficult path planning problems.
Recent Developments in Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (2000)

Transfusion of allogeneic blood products carry a small but not negligible risk for the transmission of infections and may have immunosuppressive or immunogenic effects. The discovery, licensing, and clinical use of hematopoietic cytokines such as erythropoietin or thrombopoietin may reduce the requirements for allogeneic blood transfusions. However, the effectiveness has so far only been demonstrated in limited clinical situations. Further progress in avoiding allogeneic transfusions can be expected from the development of artificial blood cell substitutes. The potential and limits of these new techniques and substances to manage pancytopenia in cancer patients are reviewed briefly. Copyright 2000 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg
Low-Temperature, Ion Beam-Assisted SiC Thin Films With Antireflective ZnO Nanorod Arrays for High-Temperature Photodetection (2011)

This work demonstrates high-temperature operation of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) using low-temperature, ion beam-assisted deposition of nanocrystalline SiC thin films and hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs). Due to the incorporation of ZnO NRAs, the photo-to-dark current ratio of SiC MSM PDs is increased from 4.9 to 13.3 at 25 °C and from 4.9 to 7.6 at 200 °C. The enhancement in the sensitivity suggests that the ZnO NRAs could serve as an effective antireflective layer to guide more light into the SiC MSM PDs. This was confirmed through the characterization of reflectance measurements and finite-difference time-domain analysis. These results support the integration of nanocrystalline SiC thin films and ZnO NRAs for use in high-temperature photodetection applications.
Ensemble-index (2001)

The problem of similarity search (query-by-content) has attracted much research interest. It is a difficult problem because of the inherently high dimensionality of the data. The most promising solutions involve performing dimensionality reduction on the data, then indexing the reduced data with a multidimensional index structure. Many dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed, including Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Piecewise Polynomial Approximation. In this work, we introduce a novel framework for using ensembles of two or more representations for more efficient indexing. The basic idea is that instead of committing to a single representation for an entire dataset, different representations are chosen for indexing different parts of the database. The representations are chosen based upon a local view of the database. For example, sections of the data that can achieve a high fidelity representation with wavelets are indexed as wavelets, but highly spectral sections of the data are indexed using the Fourier transform. At query time, it is necessary to search several small heterogeneous indices, rather than one large homogeneous index. As we will theoretically and empirically demonstrate this results in much faster query response times.
Nanoscale Mapping of the Elasticity of Microbial Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy (2003)

Single microbial cells can show important local variations of elasticity due to the complex, anisotropic composition of their walls. An example of this is the yeast during cell division, where chitin is known to accumulate in the localized region of the cell wall involved in budding. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure quantitatively the local mechanical properties of hydrated yeast cells. Topographic images and spatially resolved force maps revealed significant lateral variations of elasticity across the cell surface, the bud scar region being significantly stiffer than the surrounding cell wall. To get quantitative information on sample elasticity, force curves were converted into force vs indentation curves. The curves were then fitted with the Hertz model, yielding Young's modulus values of 6.1 ± 2.4 and 0.6 ± 0.4 MPa for the bud scar and surrounding cell surface, respectively. These data lead us to conclude that in yeast, the bud scar is 10 times stiffer than the surrounding cell wall, a finding which is consistent with the accumulation of chitin in the bud scar region. This is the first report in which spatially resolved AFM force curves are used to distinguish regions of different elasticity at the surface of single microbial cells in relation with function (i.e., cell division). In future research, this approach will provide fundamental insights into the spatial distribution of physical properties at heterogeneous microbial cell surfaces.
Cytokine Production during Hemodialysis: Effects of Dialytic Membrane and Complement Activation (1996)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are closely associated with acute and chronic inflammatory processes in hemodialytic patients. However, the mechanisms concerning cytokine production by monocytes during hemodialysis are still conflicting. With the use of the more specific monoclonal antibody ELISA method, contamination detection and crossover protocol of complement-activating and noncomplement-activating hollow fibers, we were able to confirm augmented II-1 beta production by zymosan-stimulated monocytes with complement-activating hollow fiber as compared to noncomplement-activating hollow fiber before (1,411.9 +/- 865.7 +/- 149.9 pg/ ml/2 x 10(6) monocytes, p < 0.01). at the 15th minute (530.6 +/- 89.1 vs. 247.3 +/- 45.2 pg/ml/2 x 10(6) monocytes, p < 0.01) and at the end of dialysis (1,201.8 +/- 135.1 vs. 707.4 +/- 109.3 pg/ml/2 x 10(6) monocytes, p < 0.01). Similar results were observed with TNF-alpha production. IL-1 beta as well as TNF-alpha production decreased significantly at the 15th min of dialysis, thereafter they increased and approached the baseline levels towards the end of hemodialysis with both hollow fibers. Plasma C3a at the 15th minute correlated positively with postdialysis IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha production, while plasma C3a did not change in patients dialyzed with noncomplement-activating hollow fiber. Complement activation with complement-activating hollow fiber as well as monocyte-membrane interaction with complement-activating and noncomplement-activating hollow fiber might be involved in the pathogenesis of cytokine production during hemodialysis. Uremic toxin removal as well as stimulation of cytokine production inhibitor might contribute to the decreased cytokine production at the 15th minute of hemodialysis and monocyte-membrane interaction with or without complement activation resulted in augmented cytokine production toward the end of hemodialysis with both hollow fibers. We thus concluded that hollow fiber of bioincompatibility triggered much more cytokine production throughout the dialysis procedure.
A Deletion Mutation in the Spacing Within the psaA Core Promoter Enhances Transcription in a Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2011)

Transcriptional regulation of PSI reaction center psaA is one of the important physiological responses to changing environments. We previously reported that the Rrf2-type transcriptional regulator Slr0846 activates transcription of psaA in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In the Δslr0846 mutant, transcripts from two promoters, P1 and P2, were downshifted and, as a result, a lower Chl content and slower growth were observed. Here, we report spontaneous suppressors which recovered Chl accumulation and photoautotrophic growth. Sequencing of the whole promoter region revealed in some suppressors the same single nucleotide deletion in a 9 bp G stretch (-21 to -29 from the transcriptional start point of P1), which is located between the -35 and -10 elements of the P1 core promoter (hereafter the -G mutation). The transcripts from P1 were higher in abundance in this pseudorevertant than in the Δslr0846 mutant. When the promoter was fused to a reporter gene, the -G mutation conferred ~4 times higher expression than the wild-type promoter. It has been shown that the P1 promoter activity of psaA is regulated by a high light regulatory element 1 just upstream of -35. The -G mutated P1 promoter still retained the high light response. Thus, the -G mutation enhanced the expression level of psaA without a loss of the response to the high light conditions. This is the first study of the spontaneous mutation of a spacer length of a promoter for expression in cyanobacteria.
Catalytic Mechanism of Transition-Metal Compounds on Mg Hydrogen Sorption Reaction (2006)

The catalytic mechanisms of transition-metal compounds during the hydrogen sorption reaction of magnesium-based hydrides were investigated through relevant experiments. Catalytic activity was found to be influenced by four distinct physico-thermodynamic properties of the transition-metal compound: a high number of structural defects, a low stability of the compound, which however has to be high enough to avoid complete reduction of the transition metal under operating conditions, a high valence state of the transition-metal ion within the compound, and a high affinity of the transition-metal ion to hydrogen. On the basis of these results, further optimization of the selection of catalysts for improving sorption properties of magnesium-based hydrides is possible. In addition, utilization of transition-metal compounds as catalysts for other hydrogen storage materials is considered.