gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic fabrication of functionally graded photonic lattices through spatially specified phase patterns (2014)

In this paper, we present a method for the mathematically formulated phase engineering of interfering laser beams through a spatial light modulator for a holographic fabrication of graded photonic lattices. The desired phases can be programmed at specific locations by assigning gray levels in cellular structures. The method is demonstrated by embedding single-lattice structures or missing lattices in dual-lattice periodic photonic structures. The demonstrated method can be potentially combined with the coordinate transformation technique in transformation optics for the fabrication of graded photonic devices.
FDSOI Process Technology for Subthreshold-Operation Ultralow-Power Electronics (2010)

Ultralow-power electronics will expand the technological capability of handheld and wireless devices by dramatically improving battery life and portability. In addition to innovative low-power design techniques, a complementary process technology is required to enable the highest performance devices possible while maintaining extremely low power consumption. Transistors optimized for subthreshold operation at 0.3 V may achieve a 97% reduction in switching energy compared to conventional transistors. The process technology described in this article takes advantage of the capacitance and performance benefits of thin-body silicon-on-insulator devices, combined with a workfunction engineered mid-gap metal gate.
Diagnostics for Combustion and Ignition Enhancement Using the Non-Equilibrium Plasma (2008)

A Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) system, an Imaged Intensified CCD (ICCD) camera (PI-MAX), an infrared laser diode, an oscilloscope, and a boxcar Integrator were purchased for the diagnostics of combustion and ignition enhancement using the non-equilibrium plasma and for the species measurements in non-premixed flames using JP-8 surrogate fuels. The systems were integrated into the existing Nd-YAG and Cobra-Stretch dye lasers, as well as the plasma assisted combustion burners. OH concentrations, O3 and O(1D) emissions, temperature distributions in plasma assisted combustion were measured by using the planar laser induced fluorescence, emission spectroscopy, and Rayleigh scattering. The flow field and flame speeds of surrogate fuel-air premixed flames were measured by using the PIV system. A new diagnostic method for simultaneous measurement of flow velocity and temperature by using PIV technique together with nanophosphor emissions is under development. The purchased experimental equipment significantly increased the experimental capabilities for quantitative measurements of intermediate species in plasma assisted combustion and contributed to the advancement of fundamental understanding of non-equilibrium plasma assisted combustion.
Activities of an Intravenous Formulation of Itraconazole in Experimental Disseminated<i>Aspergillus</i>,<i>Candida</i>, and<i>Cryptococcus</i>Infections (2000)

An intravenous (i.v.) formulation of itraconazole was evaluated in disseminated fungal infection models in guinea pigs. In acute disseminated Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus infections, treatment at 5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.) significantly prolonged survival. In these models and in animals with chronic disseminated cryptococcosis, itraconazole given i.v. at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg b.i.d. greatly reduced the proportions of organs with culture-detectable fungal burdens. The efficacy of i.v. itraconazole in these animal models justifies its further investigation for the treatment of life-threatening mycoses in humans.
Converting unstructured and semi-structured data into knowledge (2013)

With the rapid growth in number and dimension of databases and database applications in business, administrative, industrial and other fields, it is necessary to examine the automatic extraction of knowledge from these large databases. Due to knowledge extraction from databases, these have become rich and safe sources for generating and verification of knowledge, and the knowledge discovery can be applied in software management, querying process, making decisions, process control and many other fields of interest. At the same time, there is a challenge in managing unstructured data. Among organizations with large concentration of unstructured information, there is a greater tendency to devote more resources to this kind of data. The acquisition of knowledge from unstructured data is often difficult and expensive. Some possible solutions on extracting useful information (knowledge) from unstructured data are provided. Knowledge extraction is the process of creation of knowledge from structured, unstructured and semi-structured data. The objective of this paper is to present the possibilities of extracting knowledge from unstructured and semi-structured data particularly. The theories and tools for knowledge extraction are the subject of the emerging field of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Definitions of KDD are provided and the general multistep KDD process is outlined. A brief summary of recent KDD real-world applications is also provided. Finally, the article enumerates challenges for future research and development in KDD systems.
Prolonged Retention of Glutaraldehyde-treated Skin Allografts and Xenografts (1975)

Glutaraldehyde (GA)-treated skin allografts and xenografts (from mice, rats and guinea-pigs) behave in the same way as judged from retention time, gross inspection, microscopic examination, and assays for graft antigenicity. The GA-treated grafts are retained for long periods of time (an increase by more than 6-fold as compared to untreated grafts), they are tightly bound to the recipient, they are initially soft but become progressively stiffer with minimal shrinkage in size, and remain free from infection. The histology shows that the grafts are nonviable and fixed by the GA, they are avascularized but the general structure of the skin (epidermis, adnexa and dermis) is preserved for about 3 months. The antigenicity of the GA-treated grafts is very poor, actually it is undetectable. They do not elicit the formation of cytotoxic antibodies, and animals sensitized by untreated allografts retain the GA-treated allografts similarly to normal unsensitized recipients. The lack of transplantation immunity is also indicated by the fact that GA-treated isografts behave and are rejected similarly to GA-treated allografts and xenografts. Microscopic examination suggests that the mechanism of rejection of GA-treated grafts is similar to that operating in the rejection of an inert foreign body. The marked prlongation in the retention of Ga-treated skin grafts and their properties justify investigations on the applicability of these grafts in clinical practice.
Insights into Mechanisms Used by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to Avoid Destruction by Human Neutrophils (2005)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, or neutrophils) are critical for human innate immunity and kill most invading bacteria. However, pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus avoid destruction by PMNs to survive, thereby causing human infections. The molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to circumvent killing by the immune system remain largely undefined. To that end, we studied S. aureus pathogenesis and bacteria-PMN interactions using strains originally isolated from individuals with community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired infections. Compared with strains from hospital infections (COL and MRSA252), strain MW2 and a methicillin-susceptible relative, MnCop, were significantly more virulent in a mouse model of S. aureus infection, and caused the greatest level of pathology in major vital organs. Although phagocytosis of each strain triggered production of reactive oxygen species and granule-phagosome fusion, those from CA infections were significantly more resistant to killing by human PMNs and caused greater host cell lysis. Microarray analysis of the strains during neutrophil phagocytosis identified genes comprising a global S. aureus response to human innate host defense. Genes involved in capsule synthesis, gene regulation, oxidative stress, and virulence, were up-regulated following ingestion of the pathogen. Notably, phagocytosis of strains from CA infections induced changes in gene expression not observed in the other strains, including up-regulation of genes encoding virulence factors and hypothetical proteins. Our studies reveal a gene transcription program in a prominent human pathogen that likely contributes to evasion of innate host defense.
Recent advances in fault diagnosis by Park's vector approach (2013)

This paper addresses recent advances in fault diagnosis by Park's Vector Approach, with special emphasis being given to the most recent developments concerning power converter fault diagnosis in variable speed ac drives. With the aim to demonstrate the suitability of such approach for power converters self-diagnostic, a detailed comparison of four algorithms intended for real-time diagnosis is also included. Their performance evaluation is accomplished by means of experimental results, analyzing some key features such as effectiveness, robustness against false alarms, detection speed, implementation effort, tuning effort and computational burden.
Clinical efficacy of intra-arterial pharmacokinetic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, CDDP, gemcitabine, and angiotensin-II in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. (2007)

Compared with the previously reported data in traditional chemotherapies, our method of intra-arterial chemotherapy appears to be quite useful not only for prolonging patient survival but also for improving the quality of life. Intra-arterial regional chemotherapy including changes in distribution of blood flow induced by angiotensin-II appears to be an effective palliative treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.
Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for 305-Day Yield, Fertility, and Survival in Holsteins (1998)

A data file containing 122,715 lactation records of Holstein cows distributed across 11,374 herd-year-season groups was analyzed to obtain (co)variance estimates for yield, fertility and cow survival. Milk, fat, and protein yields were adjusted to 305 d. Days open was truncated to 305 d, and the number of services was truncated to 9. Survival of a cow during a full lactation (305 d) was recorded as 0 (died) or 1 (alive). Variance components for the six traits were estimated using a multiple-trait animal model and the REML procedure. The model included herd-year-season, parity (three groups), age (three groups nested within parity), sex of calf (1 = male, 2 = female), and dystocia score (1 = no problem,..., 5 = extreme difficulty) as fixed effects and animal and permanent environment as random effects. Heritabilities for milk, fat, and protein yields, days open, number of services and cow survival were 0.2, 0.18, 0.18, 0.04, 0.03, and 0.002, respectively. The corresponding repeatabilities were 0.42, 0.41, 0.41, 0.12, 0.08, and 0.009, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield traits were high and positive, and correlations between yields and reproduction traits were high and antagonistic. Phenotypic correlations between survival and yields were about 0.1, and their genetic counterparts were slightly negative. Thus, management practices seem to keep mortality rates of high producing cows lower even though those cows have lower genetic potential for survival than do the low producers. Fertility traits showed a slightly undesirable (e.g., 0.1 to 0.3) genetic relationship with survival, but phenotypic correlations were essentially 0. For heifers, yields increased significantly with age. For cows in other parities, the significant changes with age were reduced fertility and reduced survival.
Fast and robust multi-frame super-resolution (2004)

Abstract—Super-resolution reconstruction produces one or a set of high-resolution images from a set of low-resolution images. In the last two decades, a variety of super-resolution methods have been proposed. These methods are usually very sensitive to their assumed model of data and noise, which limits their utility. This paper reviews some of these methods and addresses their shortcomings. We propose an alternate approach using I norm minimization and robust regularization based on a bilateral prior to deal with different data and noise models. This computationally inexpensive method is robust to errors in motion and blur estimation and results in images with sharp edges. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate its superiority to other super-resolution methods. Index Terms—Bilateral filter, deblurring, enhancement, image restoration, multiframe, regularization, robust estimation, super
Correlation between I&#x2013;V slope and TDDB voltage acceleration for Cu/low-k interconnects (2009)

In this paper, a correlation between the I-V slope at low fields and TDDB voltage acceleration is demonstrated for the first time, based on a wide range of data from 32 nm to 130 nm node hardware. The data supports the radicE model, which is based on electron fluence (leakage current) driven, Cu catalyzed, low-k dielectric breakdown. Using this correlation, a fast wafer level screen method was also implemented for process improvement and TDDB reliability monitoring.
Testing of Clock-Domain Crossing Faults in Multi-core System-on-Chip (2011)

Manufacturing test for clock-domain crossing(CDC) defects is a major challenge for multi-core system-on chip(SoC) designs in the nanometer regime. Setup- and hold time violations in flip-flops situated on clock boundaries may lead to catastrophic failures, even when circuits are equipped with synchronizers at clock boundaries. In this work, we comprehensively study the effect of CDC faults, and propose a number of fault models to target such defects. In addition, we develop an automatic test-pattern selection method for CDC fault detection. This work is motivated by the fact that CDC faults cannot always be detected by conventional ATPG methods. The results of applying the proposed method to a number of IWLS'05 benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Mathematical modeling of cross-regulation problem in flyback converters (2002)

The cross regulation problem in flyback converters with dual outputs is studied in this paper. The mathematical modeling for the cross regulation of the converter is presented. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical prediction. Further investigation also shows that extra turns wound around the outer leg of the core cannot only boost the voltage of the nonregulated output, but also improve the cross regulation of the converter provided that the extra turn number does not exceed the optimum value.
Constraints And Techniques For Software Power Management In Production Clusters (2013)

The proliferation of large clusters supporting online web workloads or large compute-intensive jobs has made cluster power management very important~\\cite{Barroso2007}. An analysis of utilization traces of production clusters reveal that a majority of them have a scope for (a) under-provisioning of electrical support infrastructure, leading to savings in {\\bf capital expenditure}, and (b) energy savings, leading to savings in {\\bf operational expenditure}; both with minimal impact on average job performance. Existing software techniques which tackle either of these problems have seen scant adoption because they do not address key problems and constraints relevant in production clusters. In this thesis, we first investigate possible reductions in cluster power infrastructure provisioning. It is possible that the lower provisioned power level is exceeded due to software behaviors on rare occasions and could cause the entire cluster infrastructure to breach the safety limits. A mechanism to {\\it cap} servers to stay within the provisioned budget is needed, and processor frequency scaling based power capping methods are readily available for this purpose. We show that existing methods, when applied across a large number of servers, are not fast enough to operate correctly under rapid power dynamics observed in data centers. We also show that existing methods when applied to an open system (where demand is independent of service rate) can cause cascading failures in the software service hosted, causing the service performance to fall uncontrollably even when power capping is applied for only a small reduction in power consumption. We discuss the causes for both these short-comings and point out techniques that can yield a safe, fast, and stable power capping solution. Next, we address wasteful energy consumption by idle servers in an under-utilized cluster. Despite many clusters having a low average utilization, existing energy management techniques have seen scant adoption because they require modifications to the existing cluster software and network stack, and do not address the reliability concerns that may arise during the course of power-cycling servers in a production cluster. We design, implement and evaluate a defensive energy management system Hypnos, which is unobtrusive, efficient, extensible and gracefully handles possible server software and hardware failures.
Serologic and immunochemical characterization of the specificity of four monoclonal antibodies to distinct antigenic determinants expressed on subpopulations of human Ia-like antigens. (1981)

Serologic and immunochemical assays showed that the monoclonal antibodies Q2/70, Q2/80, Q5/6, and Q5/13 react with human Ia-like antigens. Each monoclonal antibody recognizes distinct antigenic determinants that are different from those defining the serologic polymorphism of Ia-like antigens defined by conventional alloantisera and are expressed on subpopulations of Ia-like antigens. The determinants recognized by the MoAb Q2/70 and Q5/13 are expressed on all HLA-DR allospecificities tested, whereas those reacting with the MoAb Q2/80 and Q5/6 are not detectable on HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR7 allospecificities, respectively.
Tube Map: Evaluation of a Visual Metaphor for Interfunctional Communication of Complex Projects (2004)

This paper introduces and evaluates the effectiveness of a new visualization method that helps to communicate a complex business process in an organization. A quality development process needed to be established in an education centre for health care professions. Traditional project plans, flyers and mails did not manage to get the attention, present an overview and details and motivate the employees for action. Because visual metaphors are effective for knowledge communication, we developed a customized tube map visualization that illustrates the whole process: Each tube line represents a target group, each station a milestone. The visualization was printed as a poster and located at prominent locations in the organization. The evaluation showed that the tube map visualization is a powerful metaphor to communicate a complex project to different target groups and build up a mutual story. The employees considered it useful because it provides an overview and detailed information in one image and initiates discussions.
A Conceptual Framework for Data Cleansing A Novel Approach to Support the Cleansing Process (2013)

Data errors occur in various ways when data is transferred from one point to the other. These data errors occur not necessarily from the formation/insertion of data but are developed and transformed when transferred from one process to another along the information chain within the data warehouse infrastructure. The main focus for this study is to conceptualize the data cleansing process from data acquisition to data maintenance. Data Cleansing is an activity involving a process of detecting and correcting the errors and inconsistencies in data warehouse. Poor data or "dirty data" requires cleansing before it can be useful to organizations. Data cleansing therefore deals with identification of corrupt and duplicate data inherent in the data sets of a data warehouse to enhance the quality of data.
Low-power bipolar transistor memory cells (1969)

Low- and high-barrier Schottky diodes have been combined with bipolar transistors to produce planar integrated-circuit low-area memory cells that hold at 75 /spl mu/W. Low-barrier diodes formed on p-type ion-implanted silicon (10/SUP 17/ cm/SUP -3/) are used as high-resistance collector loads. High-barrier diodes formed on n-type epitaxial silicon (10/SUP 16/ cm/SUP -3/) provide low-capacitance low-leakage coupling to digit lines in a memory array. The highly reproducible rhodium silicide on silicon Schottky diodes, as well as high-quality ohmic contacts, are formed in one sequence of sputtering and high-temperature operations. The process is fully compatible with beam-lead technology. It is estimated that a 512-word memory module using these cells would operate at a 60-ns READ or WRITE cycle time.
Doppler Ambiguity Resolution Based on Random Sparse Probing Pulses (2015)

A novel method for solving Doppler ambiguous problem based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed in this paper. A pulse train with the random and sparse transmitting time is transmitted. The received signals after matched filtering can be viewed as randomly sparse sampling from the traditional fixed-pulse repetition frequency (PRF) echo signals. The whole target echo could be reconstructed via CS recovery algorithms. Through refining the sensing matrix, which is equivalent to increase the sampling frequency of target characteristic, the Doppler unambiguous range is enlarged. In particular, Complex Approximate Message Passing (CAMP) algorithm is developed to estimate the unambiguity Doppler frequency. Cramer-Rao lower bound expressions are derived for the frequency. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, compared with traditional methods, the proposed method only requires transmitting a few sparse probing pulses to achieve a larger Doppler frequency unambiguous range and can also reduce the consumption of the radar time resources.
Spectroscopic Approach to the Analysis of High Current Arcs in SF6 (1980)

Spectroscopic observations were carried out on transient free-burning arcs drawn by separating copper/tungsten electrodes in SF6 gas. The peak value of the arc current was varied up to 60 kA. A new optical method was developed to measure temperature and pressure profiles of the arc taking the magnetic pinch force into account. The arc voltage calculated from the obtained temperature and pressure profiles agreed well with electrical measurements. The results made it clear that the composition of the arc changes significantly at the critical instantaneous current of 10 kA. Above 10 kA the arc is composed of the electrode vapor, while it contains SF6 gas below 10 kA.
Scratch Wound Healing Assay (2012)

The scratch wound healing assay has been widely adapted and modified to study the effects of a variety of experimental conditions, for instance, gene knockdown or chemical exposure, on mammalian cell migration and proliferation. In a typical scratch wound healing assay, a “wound gap” in a cell monolayer is created by scratching, and the “healing” of this gap by cell migration and growth towards the center of the gap is monitored and often quantitated. Factors that alter the motility and/or growth of the cells can lead to increased or decreased rate of “healing” of the gap (Lampugnani, 1999). This assay is simple, inexpensive, and experimental conditions can be easily adjusted for different purposes. The assay can also be used for a high-throughput screen platform if an automated system is used (Yarrow and Perlman, 2004).