gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dapper (2015)

We pose the decompose-and-pack or DAP problem, which tightly combines shape decomposition and packing. While in general, DAP seeks to decompose an input shape into a small number of parts which can be efficiently packed, our focus is geared towards 3D printing. The goal is to optimally decompose-and-pack a 3D object into a printing volume to minimize support material, build time, and assembly cost. We present Dapper , a global optimization algorithm for the DAP problem which can be applied to both powder- and FDM-based 3D printing. The solution search is top-down and iterative. Starting with a coarse decomposition of the input shape into few initial parts, we progressively pack a pile in the printing volume, by iteratively docking parts, possibly while introducing cuts, onto the pile. Exploration of the search space is via a prioritized and bounded beam search , with breadth and depth pruning guided by local and global DAP objectives. A key feature of Dapper is that it works with pyramidal primitives, which are packing- and printing-friendly. Pyramidal shapes are also more general than boxes to reduce part counts, while still maintaining a suitable level of simplicity to facilitate DAP optimization. We demonstrate printing efficiency gains achieved by Dapper, compare to state-of-the-art alternatives, and show how fabrication criteria such as cut area and part size can be easily incorporated into our solution framework to produce more physically plausible fabrications.
Fiduciary finance ≠ stakeholder management: a reply to Cadman's governance theory (2012)

This article deals with the question of the integration of climate-change concern in the investment industry. The article is motivated by the prevailing institutional approach to understanding organizational governance set out in Tim Cadman (2011) [Evaluating the governance of responsible investment institutions: an environmental and social perspective. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1, no. 1: 20--9]. A case is used to illustrate problems with the framework that has been put forward. The analytical approach draws on critical discourse and visual semiotics methods, and interview research. Attention is directed to the ways in which text and illustration, in combination, are read. Used for this purpose is material bearing on the involvement or otherwise of the funds management sector in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change policy regime. The examined material, it is argued, reinforces imagined levels of prosperity through business activity, while assuming away any need to downscale that activity. Maintenance of the policy regime is not the central issue here: what is at stake is human communities and ecological systems. The governance framework put forward by Cadman can be considered in that light.
Ingenol 3-angelate induces dual modes of cell death and differentially regulates tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand–induced apoptosis in melanoma cells (2004)

Ingenol 3-angelate (PEP005), one of the active ingredients in an extract from Euphorbia peplus, was shown in preclinical studies to have activity against human melanoma xenografts in nude mice. In the present study, we have tested its ability to induce the apoptosis of melanoma cells in vitro in the absence or presence of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). The results showed that at relatively high concentrations (100 microg/mL), PEP005 killed melanoma cells mainly by induction of necrosis. In 20% of cell lines, evidence of apoptosis was observed. Apoptosis was caspase-dependent and associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential that were not inhibitable by overexpression of Bcl-2 or inhibition of caspases but were blocked by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Low concentrations (1 or 10 microg/mL) of PEP005 either increased or decreased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a cell line-dependent manner. These changes in TRAIL-induced apoptosis seemed to be due to activation of PKC and varying levels of PKC isoenzymes in different melanoma cell lines. PEP005-mediated enhancement of apoptosis seemed to be associated with low expression of the PKCepsilon isoform. These results indicate that PEP005 may enhance or inhibit sensitivity of melanoma to treatments associated with TRAIL-induced apoptosis depending on the PKC isoform content of melanoma cells.
Towards a vaccine for<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>: principles and caveats (2006)

In the Damage-response framework of microbial pathogenesis, infectious diseases are one outcome of a host-microorganism interaction in a susceptible host. In cryptococcal disease, damage to the host is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans virulence determinants, the nature of the host response, or both. Further, the disease may be acute or reactivated from a latent state. Hence, a vaccine for C. neoformans would need to prevent disease resulting from either acute or reactivated infection. The evidence to support the development of a vaccine for C. neoformans that induces antibody-mediated immunity is discussed herein.
Deep levels in GaAs due to Si δ doping (2000)

δ(Si)-doped GaAs samples grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy are studied by capacitance–voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) techniques. A detailed analysis of the DLTS signal (including spatial profiles) is performed. DLTS spectra exhibit a clear development depending on the sheet dopant concentration ranging from 5×1014 to 2×1016 m−2. Two observed peaks do not change its activation energy with the doping level while their amplitude increases rapidly when the doping rises. We assign them to defects generated by high silicon concentration, probably related to gallium vacancy. Another peak in the most densely doped sample seems to correspond to the DX level which is occupied near the δ layer. Peculiar features of the EL2 level are observed in δ-doped GaAs and explained by the band bending due to the dopant sheet. No indication of the emission from the quantum confinement states is found in DLTS spectra taken at temperatures 80–400 K.
Approximate Approaches to the Traveling Thief Problem (2015)

This study addresses the recently introduced Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) which combines the classical Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) with the 0-1 Knapsack Problem (KP). The problem consists of a set of cities, each containing a set of available items with weights and profits. It involves searching for a permutation of the cities to visit and a decision on items to pick. A selected item contributes its profit to the overall profit at the price of higher transportation cost incurred by its weight. The objective is to maximize the resulting profit. We propose a number of problem-specific packing strategies run on top of TSP solutions derived by the Chained Lin-Kernighan heuristic. The investigations provided on the set of benchmark instances prove their rapidity and efficiency when compared with an approximate mixed integer programming based approach and state-of-the-art heuristic solutions from the literature.
Development and evaluation of a plasma jet flameholder for scramjets (1984)

The objective of the work reported herein was to explore the use of a continuous operation plasma torch as an ignitor and flameholder for scramjet combustion. This research was motivated by the desire to eliminate the use of pyrophoric or toxic ignition and/or combustion enhancement materials in operational aircraft or shipboard systems. The total temperatures and torch powers used to ignite/flamehold Mach 2 combustion with hydrogen, ethylene, ethane, and methane were determined. The minimum ignition total temperatures for the fuels tested were hydrogen - 1065 R (lowest test temperature); ethylene - 1500 R; ethane - 2000 R; methane - 2700 R. These temperatures were obtained while operating the torch at a nominal 2 kw net power. The torch was shown to be a good ignitor and flameholder in that both hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels could be stabilized by the torch and would 'blow off' when the torch was extinguished. The effectiveness of the torch was very sensitive to relative fuel injection location. Best combustion resulted when fuel was injected both upstream and downstream of the torch. These results indicated that an adiabatic plasma torch operating at about 2 kw could be an effective ignitor and flameholder for high-speed combustion.
ChREBP regulates fructose-induced glucose production independently of insulin signaling (2016)

Obese, insulin-resistant states are characterized by a paradoxical pathogenic condition in which the liver appears to be selectively insulin resistant. Specifically, insulin fails to suppress glucose production, yet successfully stimulates de novo lipogenesis. The mechanisms underlying this dysregulation remain controversial. Here, we hypothesized that carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional activator of glycolytic and lipogenic genes, plays a central role in this paradox. Administration of fructose increased hepatic hexose-phosphate levels, activated ChREBP, and caused glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis in mice. Activation of ChREBP was required for the increased expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes as well as glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) that was associated with the effects of fructose administration. We found that fructose-induced G6PC activity is a major determinant of hepatic glucose production and reduces hepatic glucose-6-phosphate levels to complete a homeostatic loop. Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production. This ChREBP/G6PC signaling axis is conserved in humans. Together, these findings support a carbohydrate-mediated, ChREBP-driven mechanism that contributes to hepatic insulin resistance.
Deepwater tools work against odds (1980)

Designed to extend subsea production technology to water depths beyond guideline system capabilities, Vetco's deepwater subsea production system combines satellite well with template-mounted completion techniques. The drilling and production template provides a simple means of leveling the template on the ocean floor and facilitate remote reentry. The deepwater production riser designed for this system allows for long-term use in deepwater and permits independent, individual flowline runs. A new conceptual addition to Vetro's deep sea equipment line is the sub-mudline type completion system where wellhead and all major tree control valves compactly, and protectively, fit in a caisson well below the ocean floor. Vetco's line of ocean floor production completion systems range from manually installed and operated, diver-assisted trees to totally diverless systems installed on the wellhead, flowline connected and automatically controlled. National Supply's role in subsea completion operations and the adaptation of shallow water equipment to deeper water assignments began to take shape with the first discoveries in the North Sea. The template system consists of a number of wells drilled from a single pre--piped template structure on the ocean floor. Making it adaptable for use with a tension leg type drilling/production platform is its key feature. Subsea control systemsmore » have also changed; remote or hydraulically operated controls now must work a greater distance from the actual production site, and alternations of existing control systems seem to be the current trend. Cameron tools were also discussed. (DP)« less
Study on remodulation scheme based on a two-section reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (2013)

A simple and cost effective remodulation scheme based on a single two-section RSOA is proposed. In the two-section RSOA, the first section is served as a modulator to upload upstream signal and the second section works as an optical squeezer to effectively erase downstream data. The upstream performance dependence on the structural and operating parameters is investigated. The results show that the output upstream signal quality can be effectively improved by optimizing these parameters.
On time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters for digital transceivers (2009)

This paper presents a transceiver model that comprises two time-interleaved analog-to-digital (A/D) converter systems to sample the inphase and quadrature signals in a digital receiver. Random data is used as the information signal and quadrature modulation is employed as the modulation scheme. A polyphase filter bank is derived as a representation of the time-interleaved A/D converter system, thereby modelling its converter mismatch. Furthermore, filter bank theory is used to design reconstruction filters that mitigate aliasing and distortion and achieve matched filtering in a single post-processing scheme, therefore reducing the digital implementation complexity of the receiver. Simulations results are presented to illustrate the performance degradation due the usage of non-ideal A/D converters and to verify the propose reconstruction scheme. Finally, an analysis of the required synthesis filter complexity is presented for different error magnitudes as a guideline for the filter bank design.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Induces Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through A Gab1/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Glut4 Pathway (2007)

Adipose tissue is a source of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and circulating HGF levels have been associated with elevated body mass index in human. However, the effects of HGF on adipocyte functions have not yet been investigated. We show here that in 3T3-L1 adipocytes HGF stimulates the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase B (PKB) activity, AS160 phosphorylation, Glut4 translocation, and consequently, glucose uptake. The initial steps involved in HGF- and insulin-induced glucose uptake are different. HGF enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1, leading to the recruitment of the p85-regulated subunit of PI 3-kinase, whereas p85 was exclusively recruited by IRS1 in response to insulin. In adipocytes rendered insulin-resistant by a long-lasting tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment, the protein level of Gab1 was strongly decreased, and HGF-stimulated PKB activation and glucose uptake were also altered. Moreover, treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with thiazolidinedione, an anti-diabetic drug, enhanced the expression of both HGF and its receptor. These data provide the first evidence that in vitro HGF promotes glucose uptake through a Gab1/PI 3-kinase/PKB/AS160 pathway which was altered in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated adipocytes.
ZnO nanorods for electronic and photonic device applications (2005)

We report on catalyst-free growth of ZnO nanorods and their nano-scale electrical and optical device applications. Catalyst-free metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) enables fabrication of size-controlled high purity ZnO single crystal nanorods. Various high quality nanorod heterostructures and quantum structures based on ZnO nanorods were also prepared using the MOVPE method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy. From the photoluminescence spectra of ZnO/Zn<sub>0.8</sub>Mg<sub>0.2</sub>O nanorod multi-quantum-well structures, in particular, we observed a systematic blue-shift in their PL peak position due to quantum confinement effect of carriers in nanorod quantum structures. For ZnO/ZnMgO coaxial nanorod heterostructures, photoluminescence intensity was significantly increased presumably due to surface passivation and carrier confinement. In addition to the growth and characterizations of ZnO nanorods and their quantum structures, we fabricated nanoscale electronic devices based on ZnO nanorods. We report on fabrication and device characteristics of metal-oxidesemiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), Schottky diodes, and metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) as examples of the nanodevices. In addition, electroluminescent devices were fabricated using vertically aligned ZnO nanorods grown p-type GaN substrates, exhibiting strong visible electroluminescence.
Validation of a microwave multitone signal with known phase (2003)

A validation of the low-band microwave multitone (multisine) signal is presented. This signal consists of a grid of microwave spectral lines with a known phase relation between the spectral lines. Such signals will prove their utility for the calibration of the next generation nonlinear vectorial network analysers operating in narrowband measurement mode.
Coalescence Growth of Dislocation-Free GaN Crystals by the Na-Flux Method (2012)

We have recently shown that dislocation-free GaN crystals could be grown on a GaN point seed by the Na-flux method. To enlarge the diameter of dislocation-free GaN crystals, we propose here the coalescence of GaN crystals grown from many isolated point seeds. In this study, we found that two GaN crystals grown from two point seeds arranged along the a-direction coalesced without generating dislocations at the coalescence boundary, and the c-axis misorientation between two crystals around the coalescence boundary gradually diminished as the growth proceeded. These results indicate that coalescence growth may become a key technique for fabricating large-diameter dislocation-free GaN crystals.
Molecular analysis of interferon-induced suppression of Philadelphia chromosome in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (1987)

Treatment with recombinant human interferon alpha-A (Roferon-A) is associated with stable suppression of the population of cells that display the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome in some patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) as defined by cytogenetic analysis. Southern blot analyses employing a 3′ breakpoint cluster region (bcr) probe (Pr- 1) were performed to confirm a complete suppression of the Ph1+ chromosome-positive clone of cells at the DNA level. The complete disappearance of rearranged restriction fragments of the bcr gene, which were a characteristic of the disease prior to Roferon-A therapy, was accompanied by the restoration of normal bone marrow and achievement of durable ongoing complete remission for 9 and 6 months, respectively, in two patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph1+) CML. Molecular analysis is a valuable probe for monitoring the clinical course of disease in patients with Ph1+ CML.
Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by extending RDF schema (2001)

Article Share on Enabling knowledge representation on the Web by extending RDF schema Authors: Jeen Broekstra Aidministrator Nederland bv, Holland Aidministrator Nederland bv, HollandView Profile , Michel Klein Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Holland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HollandView Profile , Stefan Decker Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, StanfordView Profile , Dieter Fensel Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Holland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HollandView Profile , Frank van Harmelen Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Holland Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HollandView Profile , Ian Horrocks Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001 Pages 467–478https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.372105Online:01 April 2001Publication History 50citation1,138DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations50Total Downloads1,138Last 12 Months20Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Cathodoluminescence Efficiency of Tm+3 in Zinc Sulfide (1971)

The power efficiency of ZnS : Tm under cathode-ray excitation was determined as 0.216 W/W, the highest yet reported for any rare-earth-activated phosphor. The unusual power distrition among the three emission manifolds concentrates the major portion of the luminosity in a single narrow blue band, yielding an unusual, highly saturated, nearly monochromatic, efficient source.
In Vivo Quantification of Cerebral Translocator Protein Binding in Humans Using 6-Chloro-2-(4′-<sup>123</sup>I-Iodophenyl)-3-(<i>N,N-</i>Diethyl)-Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine-3-Acetamide SPECT (2014)

As demonstrated within a group of stroke and GBM patients, (123)I-CLINDE SPECT can be used for quantitative assessment of TSPO expression in vivo. Because of the absence of a region devoid of TSPO, reference tissue models should be used with caution. The 2-tissue-compartment kinetic analysis of a 90-min dynamic scan with arterial blood sampling is recommended for the quantification of (123)I-CLINDE binding with SPECT.
Differential responses of grass and a dwarf shrub to long‐term changes in soil microbial biomass C, N and P following factorial addition of NPK fertilizer, fungicide and labile carbon to a heath (1999)

Microbial immobilization may decrease the inorganic nutrient concentrations of the soil to the extent of affecting plant nutrient uptake and growth. We have hypothesized that graminoids with opportunistic nutrient-acquisition strategies are strongly influenced by nutrient limitation imposed by microbes, whereas growth forms such as dwarf shrubs are less affected by the mobilization-immobilization cycles in microbes. By adding NPK fertilizer, labile C (sugar) and fungicide (benomyl) over a 5 yr period in a fully factorial design, we aimed to manipulate the sink-source potential for nutrients in a non-acidic heath tundra soil. After 2 yr, N and P accumulated in the microbial biomass after fertilization with no change in microbial C, which suggests that nutrients did not limit microbial biomass growth. After 5 yr, microbial C was enhanced by 60% in plots with addition of labile C, which points to C-limitation of the microbial biomass. Microbial biomass N and P tended to increase following addition of labile C, by 10 and 25%, respectively. This caused decreased availability of NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> and P, showing close microbial control of nutrient availability. The most common graminoid, Festuca ovina, responded to fertilizer addition with a strong increase, and to labile C addition with a strong decrease in cover, providing the first direct field evidence that nutrient limitation imposed by immobilizing microbes can affect the growth of tundra plants. Also in support of our hypothesis, following addition of labile C the concentrations of N and K in leaves and that of N in roots of F. ovina decreased, whilst the demand of roots for P increased. In contrast, the most common dwarf shrub, Vaccinium uliginosum, was only slightly sensitive to changes in resource availability, showing no cover change after 4 yr addition of labile C and fertilizer, and little change in leaf nutrient concentrations. We suggest that the differential responses of the two growth forms are due to differences in storage and nutrient uptake pathways, with the dwarf shrub having large nutrient storage capacity and access to organic forms of N through its mycorrhizal association. While the fungicide had no effect on ericoid mycorrhizal colonization of roots or symbiotic function inferred from plant <sup>15</sup> N natural abundance, it decreased microbial biomass C and N after 2 yr. Throughout the fifth season, the availability of soil NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> and inorganic P was decreased with no change in microbial biomass C, N or P, suggesting a negative impact of benomyl on N and P mineralization.
Esters of phosphoric acid (1941)

PHOSPHOTYROSINE was made by Levene & Schormuller [1933] by the action of POCl3 in CC14 on formyltyrosine in presence of MgO. From the Mg salt of formylphosphotyrosine the formyl group was removed by hydrolysis with HCI and phosphotyrosine was obtained through the Ba and Pb salts.