gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter Uncertainty in Estimation of Spatial Functions: Bayesian Analysis (1986)

Linear estimation has found many applications in the inference of spatial functions in surface and subsurface hydrology. The effect of parameter uncertainty is examined in a Bayesian framework with emphasis on the derivation of the Bayesian distribution (and its first two moments) of unknown quantities given some measurements. This distribution accounts not only for natural variability but also for parameter uncertainty. For known covariance parameters the Bayesian distribution is Gaussian (for Gaussian processes) with the mean being a given linear function of the data. This linear estimator is equivalent to the conventional Gaussian conditional mean estimator for a priori known drift coefficients and is the same with kriging for diffuse prior distribution of the drift coefficients; however, the developed procedure is more general. When both drift and covariance function parameters are uncertain, the Bayesian distribution is generally not Gaussian, and the Bayesian conditional mean is a nonlinear estimator. The case of diffuse priors is examined in some detail; it is shown that the posterior distribution of the covariance function parameters is given by the restricted likelihood function, i.e., the likelihood function of generalized increments. The results provide insight into the applicability of maximum likelihood versus restricted maximum likelihood parameter estimation, and conventional linear versus kriging estimation. A more general procedure which includes these methods as special cases is presented.
Ion transport through nanoslits dominated by the effective surface charge (2005)

A model showing the importance of the parameters characterizing ion transport through geometrically defined nanoslits filled with electrolyte is presented. A conductance plateau (in log-log scale) at low salt concentrations in the nanometer-sized apertures was both modeled and measured. This is due to the dominance of the effective surface charge density in the nanoslits inducing an excess of mobile counterions to maintain electroneutrality. The nanoslit conductance could be regulated at low salt concentrations by pH adjustment and by an external voltage applied on the chip. This effect can be exploited for ionic flow regulation in nanofluidic devices.
Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2001)

Combined use of different procedures for monitoring central and peripheral portions of the auditory pathway in diabetic patients showed alterations in cochlear micromechanics and the retrocochlear auditory pathway. Hearing impairment in diabetic patients is usually mild and subclinical, and can be detected early by accurate and objective audiometric methods.
Drought feeding studies with cattle and sheep. 3. A preliminary note on the use of grain sorghum as a drought fodder for cattle. (1958)

Eight beef-type heifers, 15-18 months old, fed for 27 weeks on 3 lb. crushed grain sorghum supplemented with ground limestone were in strong condition at the conclusion of the feeding period and made rapid weight gains when returned to pasture. The mean loss of body weight during the first nine weeks of all-grain feeding was 10 lb. per head per week; over the final 18 weeks it was 3.3 lb. per head per week. Serum protein, packed cell volume, plasma volume, and plasma sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations did not appear to be markedly influenced by the ration.
Identification of radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths using light emission microscopy (2004)

Eliminating radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in integrated circuits (ICs) is key to improving their total dose hardness. Semiconductor manufacturers can use a combination of design and/or process techniques to eliminate known radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths. However, unknown or critical radiation-induced parasitic leakage may still exist on fully processed ICs and it is extremely difficult (if not impossible) to identify these leakage paths based on radiation induced parametric degradation. We show that light emission microscopy can be used to identify the location of radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in ICs. This is illustrated by using light emission microscopy to find radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in partially-depleted silicon on insulator static random-access memories (SRAMs). Once leakage paths were identified, modifications were made to the SRAM design to improve the total dose radiation hardness of the SRAMs. Light emission microscopy should prove to be an important tool for the development of future radiation hardened technologies and devices.
Narrow band gap InGaSb, InAlAsSb alloys for electronic devices (2006)

Solid source molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow random alloy quaternary InAlAsSb and ternary InGaSb alloys with a 6.2Å lattice constant for use in electronic devices such as p-n junctions and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Several p-n hetrojunctions composed of p-type InGaSb and one of several different n-type InAlAsSb alloys have been fabricated and show good rectification with ideality factors near one. In addition, several of these alloys have been used to make an n-p-n HBT that has demonstrated a dc current gain of 25.
Mechanical lithography using a single point diamond machining (1998)

A technique that produces submicron size features by machining GaAs wafers in air was studied. An apparatus was built which uses a sharp diamond tip to mechanically scribe patterns into the substrate. The debris produced from surface machining was removed by using a CO2“snow jet” sprayer, thus eliminating the use of hazardous liquid chemicals for cleaning. By changing the force between the diamond tip and sample surface, different depths of cuts were produced. This allowed the production of three dimensional patterns on the wafer in one step. With this instrument, write speeds of up to 25 μm/s on 30 μm×30 μm area patterns with a lateral resolution of 100 nm were demonstrated. In a different set of experiments, x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis identified that subsurface damage created during the diamond turning process was removed at normal molecular beam epitaxial growth temperatures. Atomic force microscope analysis showed that the surface patterns were still present after annealing.
Demand-driven context-sensitive alias analysis for Java (2011)

Software tools for program understanding, transformation, verification, and testing often require an efficient yet highly-precise alias analysis. Typically this is done by computing points-to information, from which alias queries can be answered. This paper presents a novel context-sensitive, demand-driven alias analysis for Java that achieves efficiency by answering alias queries directly, instead of relying on an underlying points-to analysis. The analysis is formulated as a context-free-language (CFL) reachability problem over a language that models calling context sensitivity, and over another language that models field sensitivity (i.e., flow of reference values through fields of heap objects).
Automation of design and drafting for wood frame structures and construction material waste minimization (2009)

With the creation and continuous enhancement of Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, innovations in the area of computer modeling for the construction industry have brought numerous benefits in terms of precision, operability, extensibility, and time-cost savings, among others. Nevertheless, the construction industry is one which continually demands innovation and efficiency in design, leading to the introduction of newer modeling approaches to satisfy client needs. The central thinking behind this research, then, has to do with the automation and generation of construction drawings for the home building industry based on 3D and parametric modeling techniques, and the utilization of the best practice for the platform-frame method. Homebuilders in Canada often build without construction drawings due to the high cost and extensive time expenditure associated with their production; instead, the industry relies on trades personnel to build from architectural model designs. This poor practice contributes to the accumulation of material waste and other construction quality issues. The underlying basis for this research is the notion of adding structure to information, both by incorporating intelligence into a set of operational commands and by adding innovation to the construction process. These topics have been incorporated into a 3D CAD solid model to demonstrate the importance of communicating information from consultants to trades and contractors. 3D and parametric modeling provide the foundation for this complex analysis, which focuses on the generation of panelized and site-built dwellings. The minimization of construction wood materials through the use of mathematical models and a search for best combinations of nominal lumber, sheathing and drywall has been added to this research as an aim to become more efficient. Mathematical optimization models are used to verify the concept for efficient cutting layouts for one- and two-dimensional elements. This research sets out to demonstrate, by underscoring the present shortcomings, the manner in which 3D and parametric modeling will provide a solution for practitioners and researchers who wish to reduce drafting time and material waste production; to incorporate intelligence to CAD models; and to provide a better use of primary resources by generating guidelines for construction practice.
Platform for hybrid positioning based on a sensor description language (2012)

While in the last years many different methods for indoor positioning have been presented, no single system has emerged yet that satisfies the requirements of the many different application scenarios. We propose to solve this problem with a platform for hybrid positioning which chooses the most suitable from all available sensor information for position estimation. For that task, a sensor description language is defined which allows for the description of different sensors for indoor positioning, but also offers the possibility to describe various sensor fusion algorithms or even existing positioning systems. The contribution of our work is twofold: The platform for hybrid positioning and the sensor description language. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by a prototypical evaluation of the sensor combination mechanism and estimation component, showing that hybrid positioning with a sensor description language is possible and offers advantages over single existing or proprietary systems by being able to cope with dynamically changing environments and varying user preferences.
Dc-50 GHz low-loss wafer-scale package for RF MEMS (2004)

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of wafer-scale packaging for RF MEMS devices. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines on a glass wafer are covered with a high resistivity silicon wafer using gold-to-gold thermo-compression bonding. Oxide is used as a dielectric interlayer for CPW feedthrough underneath the gold sealing ring. The designed feedthrough has an insertion loss of 0.06-0.1 dB at 1-50 GHz with a retnrn loss of < -35 dB (per transition). The gold sealing ring is connected tu the CPW ground to achieve around 10 dB higher isolation. The whole package has a measured insertion loss of 0.2-0.5 dB and return loss of < -20 dB up to 50 GHz. The measured insertion loss at 1-2 GHz is 0.2 dB with return loss of < -30 dn.
Kinetics and mechanisms of thermal imidization studies by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanisms of thermal imidization studies by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniquesPaul R. Dickinson and Chong Sook Paik SungCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 14, 3758–3768Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00040a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00040a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatically Resolve Trouble Tickets with Hybrid NLP (2020)

Application service providers manage huge and complicated infrastructures. Like any complicated systems, things could go wrong due to various reasons (e.g. network connection response problems, infrastructure resource limitations, software malfunctioning issues, etc.) from time to time. How to quickly resolve issues when they happen becomes critical to help improve customer satisfaction and retention. Recently, fast advancement of natural language processing (NLP) algorithms have helped solving many practical problems by analyzing text information. Powerful algorithms have been developed to interpret human language and derive predictions. Ensemble models are also well suited to further improve performances as they can further explore the latent space to take advantage of features/weights discovered from a group of trained models. In this paper, we will introduce efficient machine learning algorithms to help application service providers manage and automatically resolve trouble tickets to significantly improve user experience and operational efficiency. We propose a hybrid approach to use both unsupervised clustering approach and supervised deep learning embedding to maximize the feature exploration and learning efficacy. Then we ensemble multiple optimized models to build the recommendation engine. This approach helps to incorporate the most relevant information, explore the corpus better for a given problem, managed to produce more consistent and robust predictions, and obtained better accuracy than any single model.
Spatial deformation transfer (2009)

Much effort is invested in generating natural deformations of three-dimensional shapes. Deformation transfer simplifies this process by allowing to infer deformations of a new shape from existing deformations of a similar shape. Current deformation transfer methods can be applied only to shapes which are represented as a single component manifold mesh, hence their applicability to real-life 3D models is somewhat limited. We propose a novel deformation transfer method, which can be applied to a variety of shape representations -- tet-meshes, polygon soups and multiple-component meshes. Our key technique is deformation of the space in which the shape is embedded. We approximate the given source deformation by a harmonic map using a set of harmonic basis functions. Then, given a sparse set of user-selected correspondence points between the source and target shapes, we generate a deformation of the target shape which has differential properties similar to those of the source deformation. Our method requires only the solution of linear systems of equations, and hence is very robust and efficient. We demonstrate its applicability on a wide range of deformations, for different shape representations.
Control of Pain in the Rheumatic Disorders (1968)

Pain may be attacked in the rheumatic diseases (1) centrally, with drugs ranging in efficiency from those which are potentially addictive and under the Dangerous Drugs Act (e.g., pethidine) and are therefore rarely used, down to simple analgesics such as paracetamol; (2) peripherally, by local action, whether it be by applications of heat or cold, by injections of local anaesthetics or anti-inflammatory agents, or by surgery; (3) peripherally, by anti-inflammatory non-analgesic agents taken systemically, such as the corticosteroids; and (4) peripherally, by anti-inflammatory-analgesic-antipyretic agents taken systemically, such as aspirin.The exact sites of action of the pyrazoles, indomethacin, the anthranilic compounds, and other anti-inflammatory-analgesic-antipyretic drugs are as yet uncertain, but along with these methods of attacking the pain-producing areas help must also be given to the distressed mind behind the joints. Faith in the future, cheerfulness, freedom from depression, and the development of a philosophy to deal with the uncertainties of the disease are essential. It has been said that you don't have to be a doctor to treat uncomplicated lobar pneumonia: anybody with a bottle of penicillin in his hands holds the cure. It is the incurable diseases that are really worth treating, and that make demands on the physician. To quote Tuker: "My last word is this. Whoever has the care of a sorely stricken arthritic must encourage him to fulfil himself intellectually and spiritually, and to achieve-no matter what, but to achieve, so that he may nightly lay himself down on his bed of pain looking forward happily to the morrow's task, mind centred upon it, no matter what it is; sticking in stamps, research into anything you like, dabbling with pastel or water colours, writing chatty letters to friends. Anything at all, but let it be for him the most pressing thing of the day, and let him believe that you think it is. Help him and let him live, live fully."This is perhaps the best analgesic of all.
Epigenetic silencing and deletion of the BRCA1gene in sporadic breast cancer (2006)

BRCA1 methylation is frequent in primary sporadic breast tumours. We found an indication for BRCA1 methylation to be associated with AI at the BRCA1 locus. Almost all BRCA1 methylated tumours with absent/markedly reduced BRCA1 expression (8/9) displayed BRCA1 deletion. Thus, epigenetic silencing and deletion of the BRCA1 gene might serve as Knudson's two 'hits' in sporadic breast tumorigenesis. We observed phenotypic similarities between BRCA1 methylated and familial BRCA1 tumours, based on BRCA1 deletion, TP53 mutations, ER status, young age at diagnosis and tumour grade.
Elastoplastic Finite Element Analysis of Inclined Wellbores (1998)

Abstract An effective finite element model which can be used for elastoplastic analysis of inclined wellbores is presented. The same discretised model can be used for any wellbore inclination and azimuth by varying only the applied initial stress field or boundary conditions. The model is applied for calculating the optimum drilling mud-pressure assuming an elastoplastic rock behaviour and different failure criteria. The rock material parameters were derived from triaxial compression tests. The results show that the difference in mud- pressure predictions between elasticity and plasticity depends strongly on the employed failure criteria. The difference between elasticity and plasticity becomes more pronounced with a criterion which allows the material near the borehole wall to reach a critical plastic strain determined from the calibration tests. In such a case differences from 45% to 80% were encountered. Calibration factors given by the ratio of plasticity predictions over the elasticity predictions have been derived and can be used with analytical models for quick field wellbore stability computations. P. 535
Placement driven synthesis case studies on two sets of two chips: hierarchical and flat (2004)

In this paper I describe two sets of two large ASIC chips that have recently been processed from netlist to final design by the Semi-Custom Design Team part of IBM's World-Wide Design Center. I address issues such as why the parts were selected for special handling, the issues with the designs that required custom engineering, and the special techniques used in placement driven synthesis that enabled successful completion of the designs.
Copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC): an update (2015)

The reactions of organic azides and alkynes catalysed by copper species represent the prototypical examples of click chemistry. The so-called CuAAC reaction (copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition), discovered in 2002, has been expanded since then to become an excellent tool in organic synthesis. In this contribution the recent results described in the literature since 2010 are reviewed, classified according to the nature of the catalyst precursor: copper(I) or copper(II) salts or complexes, metallic or nano-particulated copper and several solid-supported copper systems.
Nitric-oxide Synthase (NOS) Reductase Domain Models Suggest a New Control Element in Endothelial NOS That Attenuates Calmodulin-dependent Activity (2003)

Inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (eNOS, nNOS) nitric-oxide synthases differ in their Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM) dependence. iNOS binds CaM irreversibly but eNOS and nNOS, which bind CaM reversibly, have inserts in their reductase domains that regulate electron transfer. These include the 43-45-amino acid autoinhibitory element (AI) that attenuates electron transfer in the absence of CaM, and the C-terminal 20-40-amino acid tail that attenuates electron transfer in a CaM-independent manner. We constructed models of the reductase domains of the three NOS isoforms to predict the structural basis for CaM-dependent regulation. We have identified and characterized a loop (CD2A) within the NOS connecting domain that is highly conserved by isoform and that, like the AI element, is within direct interaction distance of the CaM binding region. The eNOS CD2A loop (eCD2A) has the sequence 834KGSPGGPPPG843, and is truncated to 809ESGSY813 (iCD2A) in iNOS. The eCD2A contributes to the Ca2+ dependence of CaM-bound activity to a level similar to that of the AI element. The eCD2A plays an autoinhibitory role in the control of NO, and CaM-dependent and -independent reductase activity, but this autoinhibitory function is masked by the dominant AI element. Finally, the iCD2A is involved in determining the salt dependence of NO activity at a post-flavin reduction level. Electrostatic interactions between the CD2A loop and the CaM-binding region, and CaM itself, provide a structural means for the CD2A to mediate CaM regulation of intra-subunit electron transfer within the active NOS complex.
Stability of the DDD Pacing Mode in Patients 80 Years of Age and Older (1994)

We reviewed the records of 119 consecutive patients aged 80 years or older (mean age 84 +/- 3.7 years) in whom a dual chamber pacemaker was implanted between 1984 and 1991. Follow-up data was available up to February 1993. Immediate postimplantation complications were rare. Nine patients were lost to follow-up, all within 6 months of implantation. An additional seven patients died within 6 months of implantation. Long-term follow up for at least 6 months from implantation was available for 103 of the 119 patients (87%). Of these 89 (86%) remained in functioning DDD mode for a mean of 22 +/- 15 months from implantation. Nine patients were reprogrammed to VVI mode, six due to atrial fibrillation and three due to failure of atrial sensing or pacing. One patient was programmed DVI for failure of atrial sensing; 94 of 112 patients (84%) whose status was definitely known in February 1993 remained in functioning DDD mode until death or last follow-up. Cumulative survival in DDD mode was 78% at 30 months. We conclude that DDD pacing is stable in the great majority of patients in their ninth and tenth decades who present with rhythms amenable to dual chamber pacing and who have no history of sustained atrial fibrillation.