gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of Neighborhood Characteristics with Bystander-Initiated CPR (2012)

In a large cohort study, we found that patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in low-income black neighborhoods were less likely to receive bystander-initiated CPR than those in high-income white neighborhoods. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others.).
An All‐Stretchable‐Component Sodium‐Ion Full Battery (2017)

Stretchable energy-storage devices receive considerable attention due to their promising applications in future wearable technologies. However, they currently suffer from many problems, including low utility of active materials, limited multidirectional stretchability, and poor stability under stretched conditions. In addition, most proposed designs use one or more rigid components that fail to meet the stretchability requirement for the entire device. Here, an all-stretchable-component sodium-ion full battery based on graphene-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) sponge electrodes and an elastic gel membrane is developed for the first time. The battery exhibits reasonable electrochemical performance and robust mechanical deformability; its electrochemical characteristics can be well-maintained under many different stretched conditions and after hundreds of stretching-release cycles. This novel design integrating all stretchable components provides a pathway toward the next generation of wearable energy devices in modern electronics.
Adaptive load sharing in homogeneous distributed systems (1986)

Rather than proposing a specific load sharing policy for implementation, the authors address the more fundamental question of the appropriate level of complexity for load sharing policies. It is shown that extremely simple adaptive load sharing policies, which collect very small amounts of system state information and which use this information in very simple ways, yield dramatic performance improvements. These policies in fact yield performance close to that expected from more complex policies whose viability is questionable. It is concluded that simple policies offer the greatest promise in practice, because of their combination of nearly optimal performance and inherent stability.
Gaseous Detonation-Driven Fracture of Tubes (2004)

An experimental investigation of fracture response of aluminum 6061-T6 tubes under internal gaseous detonation loading has been carried out. The pressure load, with speeds exceeding 2 km/s, can be characterized as a pressure peak (ranging from 2 to 6 MPa) followed by an expansion wave. The unique combination of this particular traveling load and tube geometry produced fracture data not available before in the open literature. Experimental data of this type are useful for studying the fluid-structure-fracture interaction and various crack curving and branching phenomena, and also for validation for multi-physics and multi-scale modeling. 

Axial surface flaws were introduced to control the crack initiation site. Fracture threshold models were developed by combining a static fracture model and an extensively studied dynamic amplification factor for tubes under internal traveling loads. Experiments were also performed on hydrostatically loaded preflawed aluminum 6061-T6 tubes for comparison. Significantly different fracture behavior was observed and the difference was explained by fluid dynamics and energy considerations. The experiments yielded comparison on crack speeds, strain, and pressure histories. 

In other experiments, the specimens were also pre-torqued to control the propagation direction of the cracks. Measurements were made on the detonation velocity, strain history, blast pressure from the crack opening, and crack speeds. The curved crack paths were digitized. The Chapman-Jouguet pressure, initial axial flaw length, and torsion level were varied to obtain different crack patterns. The incipient crack kinking angle was found to be consistent with fracture under mixed-mode loading. High-speed movies of the fracture events and blast wave were taken and these were used in interpreting the quantitative data.

Numerical simulations were performed using the commercial explicit finite-element software LS-Dyna. The detonation wave was modeled as a traveling boundary load. Both non-fracturing linear elastic simulations and elastoplastic simulations with fracture were conducted on three-dimensional models. The simulated fracture was compared directly with an experiment with the same conditions. The overall qualitative fracture behavior was captured by the simulation. The forward and backward cracks were observed to branch in both the experiment and simulation.
Mechanism of impaired beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness in atopic sensitized airway smooth muscle (1995)

Decreased airway relaxation to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation has been hypothesized as a potential mechanism leading to enhanced bronchoconstrictor responsiveness in asthma. In addressing potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, the relative contributions of beta-adrenoceptor-coupled transmembrane signaling mechanisms were examined in isolated rabbit tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) passively sensitized with serum from atopic asthmatic patients and in TSM comparably exposed to non-atopic (control) human serum. During half-maximal isometric contraction of the tissues with acetylcholine, relative to control TSM, the sensitized tissues exhibited significant attenuation of both their maximal relaxation (Rmax) and sensitivity (i.e., -log 50% Rmax) to cumulative administration of isoproterenol (P < 0.001) or prostaglandin (PG)E2 (P < 0.001). In contrast, the relaxation responses to forskolin, a diterpene that directly activates adenylate cyclase, were similar in both tissue groups. Extended studies demonstrated that the attenuated relaxation to isoproterenol and PGE2 in sensitized TSM was 1) ablated by pretreatment with the muscarinic M2-receptor antagonists methoctramine (10(-6) M) or gallamine (10(-4) M); 2) also inhibited by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml), which ADP ribosylates the inhibitory G protein (G(i)) negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase activation; and 3) associated with diminished adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in response to isoproterenol administration. Moreover, based on Western immunoblot analysis, we found that G(i) protein expression was increased in membrane fractions from sensitized TSM, related to enhanced expression of the G(i) alpha 3 subunit. Collectively, these observations provide new evidence that the impaired beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in atopic sensitized airways is associated with increased muscarinic M2 receptor/G(i) protein-coupled expression and function.
Wireless Mesh Networks Design — A Survey (2011)

With the advances in wireless technologies and the explosive growth of the Internet, wireless networks, especially Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), are going through an important evolution. Designing efficient WMNs has become a major task for networks operators. Over the last few years, a plethora of studies has been carried out to improve the efficiency of wireless networks. However, only a few studies are related to WMNs design and are mainly concerned with protocol design and routing metrics optimization. In this paper, we survey different aspects of WMNs design and examine various methods that have been proposed either to improve the performance of an already deployed network or to improve its performance by a careful planning of its deployment.
Multichain Interleukin-2 Receptor: A Target for Immunotherapy in Lymphoma (1989)

Activation of resting T cells induces synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and expression of its specific high-affinity receptor. We proposed a multichain model for the high-affinity IL-2 receptor in which both a 55-kilodalton IL-2-binding peptide identified by the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and a 70/75-kilodalton IL-2-binding peptide are associated in a receptor complex. The IL-2 receptor is proving to be an extraordinarily versatile therapeutic target, since it is expressed by the abnormal T cells in patients with certain lymphoid malignancies or autoimmune disorders and in individuals rejecting allografts, whereas it is not expressed by normal resting cells. Monoclonal antibodies and toxin-lymphokine conjugates directed toward IL-2 receptors represent novel therapeutic agents for these clinical conditions.
uBioRSS: Tracking taxonomic literature using RSS (2007)

http://names.ubio.org/rss/
A method to estimate correlated color temperatures of illuminants using a color video camera (1991)

An indirect method of estimating light source color or the correlated color temperature of illuminants is proposed. It incorporates a color video camera with fixed white balance, a set of known color chips, and a desktop microcomputer. The correlated color temperature of the light source illuminating the color chips is estimated. The mathematical method used is the estimation of functions to be integrated from several values of the definite integrations. These values, which are measurable, are given as the output of the color video camera under different conditions. By means of the method of least squares, estimation accuracies of from 0.1 to 1.4% of the correlated color temperature are achieved. The accuracy achieved depends on the spectral distribution of the illuminants, except for illuminants like fluorescent lamps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Orally Administered Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Affects Glucose Homeostasis Following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Healthy Male Subjects (2009)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exerts several effects on glucose homeostasis and reduces food intake. After its release from intestinal L cells, GLP-1 is subject to (i) rapid breakdown by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and (ii) high liver extraction. The highest concentrations of GLP-1 are found in the splanchnic blood rather than in the systemic circulation. An oral delivery system would mimic endogenous secretion. Here we investigated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) effects of a single dose (2 mg) of oral GLP-1 administered prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 16 healthy males. GLP-1 was rapidly absorbed from the gut, leading to tenfold higher plasma concentrations compared with controls. The PD profile was consistent with reported pharmacology; GLP-1 significantly stimulated basal insulin release (P < 0.027), with marked effects on glucose levels. The postprandial glucose peak was delayed with GLP-1, suggesting an effect on gastric emptying.
Examination of differences between successful and unsuccessful elderly hearing aid candidates matched for age, hearing loss and gender: Evaluación de las diferencias entre los candidatos exitosos y no exitosos de edad mayor, al uso de auxiliar auditivo por edad, grado de hipoacusia y sexo (2003)

This study examined group differences on a variety of measures for three groups of elderly hearing aid candidates matched for gender, age and hearing loss. These three groups were: (1) 26 candidates who declined amplification (non-adherents); (2) 24 individuals who purchased hearing aids, but subsequently returned them (rejected HA); and (3) 26 who purchased hearing aids and continued to use their hearing aids for at least the first 6 months following delivery (accepted HA). Following demonstration of adequate reliability for these measures, using the non-adherents as the test retest study sample, group differences were examined for each pre-fit measure. The group of non-adherents who declined amplification differed from the two groups who purchased hearing aids on their scores for the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) and for several scales of the Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired (CPHI) that assessed the individual's personal adjustment to hearing impairment. These findings were generally confirmed for the individual data, with the use of discriminant analysis. For the two groups who tried hearing aids, there were no group differences between those who retained them and those who did not. Discriminant analysis, however, indicated that those in the group who retained their (linear) hearing aids tended to have better finger dexterity and higher loudness discomfort levels than those who did not.
A New Simulator for Assessing Subjective Effects of Sonic Booms (1991)

A man rated and computer driven sonic boom simulator which has been constructed and placed in operational use at NASA-Langley is described. The simulator is used to study human subjective reactions to sonic booms and has the capability of producing a wide range of signatures under controlled conditions. Results are presented to illustrate the capability of the simulator to generate user specified N-wave and shaped booms having rise times as low as 0.5 milliseconds and peak overpressures up to 191 Pa (4 psf). The validity of the simulator as a lab research tool for studying human subjective response to sonic booms was demonstrated by successful completion of a preliminary test designed to compare loudness of N-wave sonic booms with results obtained by other investigators. Excellent agreement of the preliminary test data with existing data was observed. This provided confidence in the experimental methodology and established the simulator as a viable tool for performing detailed evaluations of sonic boom loudness and acceptability within the lab. environment.
Circulating blood dendritic cells from myeloid leukemia patients display quantitative and cytogenetic abnormalities as well as functional impairment (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for the initiation of immune responses. Two distinct subsets of blood DCs have been characterized thus far. Myeloid DCs (MDCs) and plasmacytoid monocytes (PDCs) were shown to be able to promote polarization of naive T cells. This study shows a dramatic quantitative imbalance in both circulating blood DC subsets in 37 patients with acute myeloid leukemias. Eleven patients (30%) displayed a normal quantitative profile (MDC mean, 0.37% +/- 0.21%; range, 0.01% to 0.78%; PDC mean, 0.21% +/- 0.24%; range, 0.04% to 0.62%), whereas 22 (59%) showed a tremendous expansion of MDCs (9 patients: mean, 16.76% +/- 14.03%; range, 1.36% to 41%), PDCs (4 patients: mean, 7.28% +/- 6.84%; range, 1% to 14%), or both subsets (9 patients: MDC mean, 10.86% +/- 12.36%; range, 1.02% to 37.1%; PDC mean, 4.25% +/- 3.78%; range, 1.14% to 13.04%). Finally, in 4 patients (11%), no DC subsets were detectable. Both MDC and PDC subsets exhibited the original leukemic chromosomal abnormality. Ex vivo, leukemic PDCs, but not leukemic MDCs, had impaired capacity for maturation and decreased allostimulatory activity. Also, leukemic PDCs were altered in their ability to secrete interferon-alpha. These data provide evidence that DC subsets in vivo may be affected by leukemogenesis and may contribute to leukemia escape from immune control.
Metal-induced lateral crystallization of a-Si thin films by Ni-Co alloys and the electrical properties of poly-Si TFTs (2003)

We have introduced a new process in metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC). By adding Co to the Ni-MILC process, the electrical characteristics of MILC poly-Si TFTs were considerably improved. In particular, a considerable decrease of TFT leakage current were achieved in both n-type and p-type devices.
Neuropathology in multiple sclerosis: new concepts (1998)

Multiple sclerosis lesions are characterized by inflammation, demyelination and a variable degree of axonal loss. The patterns of inflammation in MS lesions are compatible with a T-lymphocyte mediated immune reaction. The formation of demyelinated plaques, however, seem to require additional immunological mechanisms. In this review evidence is discussed for a pathogenetic role of demyelinating antibodies, toxic macrophage products, cytotoxic T-cells as well as metabolic disturbances of oligodendrocytes. It is suggested that the pathological heterogeneity regarding the patterns and extent of demyelination, remyelination and axonal loss may be the outcome of variable dominant immunopathogenetic mechanisms in different multiple sclerosis patients.
Identification and characterization of a capsule in Shigella and its role in the pathogenesis (2013)

Shigella spp. are the etiologic agent of bacillary dysentery and one of the most frequent causes of diarrhea in developing countries, especially in children under five years of age. 50 different serotypes have been defined by the O antigen of the LPS. A key objective of the Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health is to develop a broadly-protective vaccine against Shigella based on outer membrane particles. Inactivation of OAg synthesis is of interest to avoid serotype-specific responses. Deletion of the gene galU results in OAg-deficiency in S. flexneri. Surprisingly, we found that immunization with Delta_galU S. sonnei 53G outer membrane particles or inactivated bacteria raised an OAg-specific response in mice. The presence of OAg on the surface of Delta_galU S. sonnei was confirmed by flow cytometry. GalU is involved in the synthesis of the LPS core but not in the synthesis of the OAg repeating units. A group 4 capsule (G4C) consisting of the same repeating units as the OAg side chain of LPS has been described in enteropathogenic E. coli. Shigella is reported to posses a homologous G4C operon. Size-Exclusion-HPLC analyses of exopolysaccharide extracts showed that S. sonnei WT and Delta_galU strains both expressed a polysaccharide with higher molecular weight than the predominant wild-type OAg chain of 20-25 units. NMR analysis identified the presence of the S. sonnei OAg in the high molecular weight polysaccharide (HMW-PS). The absence of this HMW-PS was confirmed by generating isogenic mutants in the G4C operon. Together, our results indicate for the first time that the G4C gene cluster is functional in S. sonnei and encodes the synthesis of a group 4 capsule and that this capsule is still present in the S. sonnei Delta_galU mutant. The function of the G4C as potential virulence factor of S. sonnei was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the presence of the capsule polysaccharide accounted for changes in cell invasion ability both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the G4C modulated the inflammatory host responses during the infection and the abilities of bacteria to translocate and disseminate. In conclusion, this study describes a new and interesting finding in the Shigella field to achieve a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of Shigella and in addition of the function of extracellular polysaccharides as virulence factors. Capsular polysaccharides are important factors in bacterial pathogenesis and have been the target of a number of successful vaccines. Therefore, the identification of a capsule in Shigella could have implications on the design of new-generation anti-Shigella drugs and also on the development of preventive measures, as a vaccine against this enteric disease.
A TRPV4 Channel C-terminal Folding Recognition Domain Critical for Trafficking and Function (2013)

The Ca(2+)-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) channel mediates crucial physiological functions, such as calcium signaling, temperature sensing, and maintaining cell volume and energy homeostasis. Noticeably, most disease-causing genetic mutations are concentrated in the cytoplasmic domains. In the present study, we focused on the role of the TRPV4 C terminus in modulating protein folding, trafficking, and activity. By examining a series of C-terminal deletions, we identified a 20-amino acid distal region covering residues 838-857 that is critical for channel folding, maturation, and trafficking. Surface biotinylation, confocal imaging, and fluorescence-based calcium influx assay demonstrated that mutant proteins missing this region were trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and unglycosylated, leading to accelerated degradation and loss of channel activity. Rosetta de novo structural modeling indicated that residues 838-857 assume a defined conformation, with Gly(849) and Pro(851) located at critical positions. Patch clamp recordings confirmed that lowering the temperature from 37 to 30 °C rescued channel activity of folding-defective mutants. Moreover, biochemical tests demonstrated that, in addition to participating in C-C interaction, the C terminus also interacts with the N terminus. Taken together, our findings indicate that the C-terminal region of TRPV4 is critical for channel protein folding and maturation, and the short distal segment plays an essential role in this process. Therefore, selectively disrupting the folding-sensitive region may present therapeutic potential for treating overactive TRPV4-mediated diseases, such as pain and skeletal dysplasias.
The Chemistry of Polythienyls. II<sup>1-3</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Polythienyls. II1-3Hans Wynberg and A. BantjesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 6, 1447–1450Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01491a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01491a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Fully Micromachined W-Band Coplanar Waveguide to Rectangular Waveguide Transition (2007)

A novel fully micromachined coplanar waveguide (CPW) to rectangular waveguide transition is presented in this paper. A metalized probe is adopted to couple the signal from the CPW to the rectangular waveguide through an aperture located at the center of the bottom broad wall of the rectangular waveguide. The transition was optimized using HFSS 10 over the whole W-band. In the proposed transition, the CPW and the rectangular waveguide are patterned and integrated on the same side of the substrate, while the coupling probe is patterned on the substrate instead of being fabricated separately. These changes make the transition more suitable for RF packaged circuits and easily extendable to THz applications. The measured average insertion loss of the back-to-back structure is 2.25 dB and the return loss is better than 11 dB over the whole W-band.