gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Controlled Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins: Part 1, Single Catalyst Systems (2016)

Polyolefins (POs) are the largest polymer product in the world. The innovation in converting commodity olefin monomers to highly value added high-performance POs has been and will continue to be a major theme in both academic research and industry practice. The excellent properties of POs can be achieved through precise engineering of their chain architectures, which largely involves control of the chain branching structures. Long-chain branching is one of the most important parameters in the aspect of various chain branching structures. A huge amount of literatures have been reported to achieve better control of long-chain branched structures over the last two decades. Recently, good effort has been made in reviewing all the major literatures and summarizing the catalytic systems and synthetic strategies for the controlled synthesis of long-chain branched POs. This paper represents the first of the series, that is, controlled synthesis of long-chain branched POs via single catalyst systems.
Functional screening in Drosophila identifies Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes and implicates Tau-mediated mechanisms (2013)

Using a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically evaluated 67 candidate genes based on AD-associated genomic loci (P < 10(-4)) from published human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic manipulation of 87 homologous fly genes was tested for modulation of neurotoxicity caused by human Tau, which forms neurofibrillary tangle pathology in AD. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting 9 genes enhanced Tau neurotoxicity, and in most cases reciprocal activation of gene expression suppressed Tau toxicity. Our screen implicates cindr, the fly ortholog of the human CD2AP AD susceptibility gene, as a modulator of Tau-mediated disease mechanisms. Importantly, we also identify the fly orthologs of FERMT2 and CELF1 as Tau modifiers, and these loci have been independently validated as AD susceptibility loci in the latest GWAS meta-analysis. Both CD2AP and FERMT2 have been previously implicated with roles in cell adhesion, and our screen additionally identifies a fly homolog of the human integrin adhesion receptors, ITGAM and ITGA9, as a modifier of Tau neurotoxicity. Our results highlight cell adhesion pathways as important in Tau toxicity and AD susceptibility and demonstrate the power of model organism genetic screens for the functional follow-up of human GWAS.
Microbial Ecology of Carbon Steel Corrosion (2017)

Microbial activity in oil and gas environments can pose significant challenges for petroleum production. One of the most well-characterized problems is the anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel infrastructure involving sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Several mechanisms have been proposed for microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) by SRB. However there remains a lack of knowledge regarding MIC caused by other microorganisms. In recent years, improved genomic technologies are allowing for the characterization of diversity of microbial communities in field samples. These molecular techniques show that while SRB form a fraction of the community associated with corrosion failures, many other microorganisms are also present. In this dissertation these genomic methods were used to characterize several different environmental samples. From these data, MIC mechanisms were hypothesized and tested in laboratory studies. This led to a new biocorrosion model under anaerobic conditions where hydrogenotrophic acetogens (Acetobacterium), hydrogenotrophic methanogens (family Methanobacteriaceae) and acetotrophic methanogens (Methanosaeta) are growing together. In following experiments, we found that carbon steel was preferentially used over oil organics as an electron donor for communities containing methanogenic and acetogenic microorganisms. This community-based MIC model was expanded upon in subsequent experiments where enhanced activity of hydrogenotrophic organisms was seen in the presence of sulfide and carbon steel. In another environment, bisulfite-disproportionating bacteria (Desulfocapsa) were linked to corrosive sulfur formation in water pipelines. Finally the genomics approach was used to identify several sulfur-cycling microorganisms that were potentially associated with MIC in seawater environments. Through this work, a better understanding of how microbial communities are impacting MIC in different steel-containing environments has been gained. This work has also shown how corrosion mitigation strategies can impact microbial growth. This knowledge can be used to develop monitoring and mitigation schemes to limit MIC associated failures, which would be of great benefit from safety, economic and environmental points of view.
Quantum Capacity Bounds of Gaussian Thermal Loss Channels and Achievable Rates With Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill Codes (2018)

Gaussian thermal loss channels are of particular importance to quantum communication theory since they model realistic optical communication channels. Except for special cases, the quantum capacity of Gaussian thermal loss channels is not yet quantified completely. In this paper, we provide improved upper bounds of the Gaussian thermal loss channel capacity, both in energy-constrained and unconstrained scenarios. We briefly review Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes and discuss their experimental implementation. We then prove, in the energy-unconstrained case, that a family of GKP codes achieves the quantum capacity of Gaussian thermal loss channels up to at most a constant gap from the improved upper bound. In the energy-constrained case, we formulate a biconvex encoding and decoding optimization problem to maximize entanglement fidelity. Then, we solve the biconvex optimization heuristically by an alternating semi-definite programming method and report that, starting from Haar random initial codes, our numerical optimization yields a hexagonal GKP code as an optimal encoding in a practically relevant regime.
Mussel‐Inspired Conductive Cryogel as Cardiac Tissue Patch to Repair Myocardial Infarction by Migration of Conductive Nanoparticles (2016)

The engineered cardiac patch (ECP) is a promising strategy to repair infarct myocardium and restore the cardiac function. An ideal ECP should be able to mimic the primary attributes of native myocardium, which includes a high resilience, good cardiomyocyte adhesion, and synchronous contraction. Here, a mussel‐inspired dopamine crosslinker is used to integrate polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles, gelatin‐methyacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate into a cryogel form. The dopamine crosslinker and Ppy nanoparticles are coordinated to obtain optimal mechanical and superelastic properties for the ECP. The dopamine facilitates the uniform distribution of the Ppy nanoparticles, which migrate and fuse from the scaffold to the surface of the cardiomyocytes, revealing a potential mechanism for restoring infarct myocardium. The incorporated Ppy nanoparticles thus significantly enhance the functionalization of the cardiomyocytes, resulting in excellent synchronous contraction by increasing the expression of α‐actinin and CX‐43. Cardiomyocytes‐loaded ECP can improve the cardiac function in myocardial‐infarction (MI) affected rat models. The results show that the fractional shortening and ejection fraction are elevated by about 50% and that the infarct size is reduced by 42.6%. Collectively, this study highlights an effective cardiac patch based on mussel‐inspired conductive particle adhesion and a superelastic cryogel promising for the restoration of infarcted myocardium.
Avoiding Aggregation During Drying and Rehydration of Nanocellulose (2014)

Nanocellulose has attracted attention from academic researchers and industrial corporations worldwide. It is a sustainable raw material with remarkable strength and rheological properties. The industrial production of nanocellulose is an aqueous process; however, many of its valuableproperties are lost upon water removal. Indeed, once dried, nanocellulose irreversibly assembles into a plastic-like material. Currently it can betoo expensive to transport the aqueous suspensions. In order to mitigate high transportation costs, a methodmust be developed to dry and rehydrate nanocellulose whilst maintaining its nano-morphology. The current work demonstrates that the introduction of a cationic surfactant into the aqueous nanocellulose suspensionyields a chemical dewatering effect similar to that observed in papermaking, weakening the intercellulosic hydrogen bonds and allowing for reduced energy requirements during redispersion. Specifically, the current study employs cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant in an effort to rehydrate nanocellulose whilst maintaining the desired nano-scale morphology. Fiber sizehas been characterized in both the liquid and solid phases using laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In addition, it has beendemonstrated that recovery of CTAB from dried nanocellulose pads may be achieved by soaking dried pads in an organic solvent.The recovery of CTAB will allow for a recycling step after the proposed drying process.
The Current-Steering DAC [A Circuit for All Seasons] (2018)

Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) find application in many systems, including communication transmitters and consumer electronics. Among various DAC realizations, the current-steering topology offers the highest speed and becomes the de facto solution at gigahertz frequencies, especially if the analog output must be delivered to a resistive load. In this article, we study this DAC's design principles.
Increased Intracellular Cyclic AMP Differentially Modulates Nerve Growth Factor Induction of Three Neuronal Recognition Molecules Involved in Neurite Outgrowth (1989)

The relative expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily members Thy-1 and L1 and the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in PC12 cells grown in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), cholera toxin, or both has been quantified. Whereas NGF treatment induced increases in the cell surface expression of all three glycoproteins, treatment with cholera toxin resulted in the specific induction of L1. During the first few days of culture, cholera toxin acted synergistically with NGF to promote increases in neuritic outgrowth and the synthesis and cell surface accumulation of the 140- and 180-kilodalton subunits of N-CAM. In contrast, over the same period of culture, cholera toxin inhibited the NGF induction of Thy-1 and L1. Over longer periods of culture (3-5 days), cholera toxin inhibited the NGF induction of N-CAM and neurite outgrowth. A similar pattern of synergistic and inhibitory responses was observed when differentiation was induced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) rather than NGF or when cholera toxin was replaced with forskolin. These data suggest that intracellular cyclic AMP can differentially modulate cell surface glycoprotein expression induced by either NGF or FGF. Of the three cell surface glycoproteins we have studied, temporal changes in N-CAM expression correlate best with the morphological differentiation status of PC12 cells.
Fast nanoscale heat-flux modulation with phase-change materials (2011)

We introduce a concept for electrically controlled heat-flux modulation. A flux contrast larger than 10 dB is expected with switching time on the order of tens of nanoseconds. Heat-flux modulation is based on the interplay between radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale and phase-change materials. Such large contrasts are not obtainable in solids, or in far field. As such, this opens up new horizons for temperature modulation and actuation at the nanoscale.
Modulation of impulsivity and reward sensitivity in intertemporal choice by striatal and midbrain dopamine synthesis in healthy adults (2015)

Converging evidence links individual differences in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine (DA) to variation in the tendency to choose immediate rewards ("Now") over larger, delayed rewards ("Later"), or "Now bias." However, to date, no study of healthy young adults has evaluated the relationship between Now bias and DA with positron emission tomography (PET). Sixteen healthy adults (ages 24-34 yr; 50% women) completed a delay-discounting task that quantified aspects of intertemporal reward choice, including Now bias and reward magnitude sensitivity. Participants also underwent PET scanning with 6-[(18)F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (FMT), a radiotracer that measures DA synthesis capacity. Lower putamen FMT signal predicted elevated Now bias, a more rapidly declining discount rate with increasing delay time, and reduced willingness to accept low-interest-rate delayed rewards. In contrast, lower FMT signal in the midbrain predicted greater sensitivity to increasing magnitude of the Later reward. These data demonstrate that intertemporal reward choice in healthy humans varies with region-specific measures of DA processing, with regionally distinct associations with sensitivity to delay and to reward magnitude.
Role for the Silencing Protein Dot1 in Meiotic Checkpoint Control (2000)

During the meiotic cell cycle, a surveillance mechanism called the "pachytene checkpoint" ensures proper chromosome segregation by preventing meiotic progression when recombination and chromosome synapsis are defective. The silencing protein Dot1 (also known as Pch1) is required for checkpoint-mediated pachytene arrest of the zip1 and dmc1 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the absence of DOT1, the zip1 and dmc1 mutants inappropriately progress through meiosis, generating inviable meiotic products. Other components of the pachytene checkpoint include the nucleolar protein Pch2 and the heterochromatin component Sir2. In dot1, disruption of the checkpoint correlates with the loss of concentration of Pch2 and Sir2 in the nucleolus. In addition to its checkpoint function, Dot1 blocks the repair of meiotic double-strand breaks by a Rad54-dependent pathway of recombination between sister chromatids. In vegetative cells, mutation of DOT1 results in delocalization of Sir3 from telomeres, accounting for the impaired telomeric silencing in dot1.
Self-Reported Written Language Difficulties of University Students with Learning Disabilities. (1993)

The current descriptive study used structured interviews to explore the nature of written expression problems experienced by 31 university students with learning disabilities. Participants commented on (a) perceived postsecondary setting demands for written expression; (b) specific areas of writing difficulty; (c) strategies used to complete written requirements; and (d) writing accommodations requested and received. Primary areas of difficulty included proofreading/detecting errors, spelling, grammar, and writing speed and legibility. Eighty-one percent who requested accommodations said professors were usually willing to grant their requests. Suggested accommodations and implications for university faculty are presented. Empirical studies indicate that limited written-language competency may impede the academic success of university students with learning disabilities (Gajar, 1989; Gregg & Hoy, 1989, 1990; Leuenberger & Morris, 1990; Morris-Friehe & Leuenberger, 1992; Richards, 1985; Vogel, 1985b; Vogel & Moran, 1982). This research has repeatedly found written expression of university students with learning disabilities (LD) to be both quantitatively and qualitatively inferior to that of non-LD college students. Several publications suggest strategies and guidelines for working with students with writing disabilities (Gregg, 1983; Raskind & Scott, 1993; Vogel & Konrad, 1988). However, there remain practically no studies reporting effective interventions for this population (Hughes & Smith, 1990). Self-report studies comprise an area of research that may help secondary-level transition planners and postsecondary service providers identify potentially successful interventions. Group comparisons of students with and without LD seem less beneficial than documentation of successful strategies used by the students themselves to overcome and compensate for academic problems. A review of previous self-report studies indicates that many students with LD are aware of their problems with written expression, including mechanics, organization, and handwriting (Bireley, Landers, Vernooy, & Schlaerth, 1986; Cowen, 1988; Vogel, 1985a). However, these studies provide limited information concerning the writing demands encountered by these students, the identification of specific components of the writing process that cause them difficulty, and strategies they use to overcome or compensate for these problems. The current exploratory study used structured interviews of university students with LD to describe: (a) perceived postsecondary setting demands for writing; (b) specific areas of difficulty with written expression; (c) strategies used to complete written requirements; and (d) writing accommodations requested and received.
PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS IN ADULTS (1939)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interfaces, autonomy, & interactions in automobile driving (2004)

Issues surrounding human computer interaction apply to all domains where humans interact with a software or a hardware system through a computer controlled interface. It is important that an interface presents a consistent system that matches the operator's goals and understanding, and this importance grows when rapid decisions and actions are required to maintain a desired level of productivity and/or safety. Driving is a domain where split second responses are the norm; this implies that interfaces which require high-level cognitive responses are often undesirable because such responses are often much too slow. In the design of driver support systems, safety is always the primary constraint that permeates all design decisions independent of whether the goal is to improve driving performance, enhance comfort, reduce fatigue, or free up attentional resources to better manage and enjoy telematics services. In the panel discussion at CHI2004, a panel of experts from varied backgrounds is challenged to design joystick control for a passenger car in order to expose the CHI community to the multi-facetted structure of issues that arise when technological and human constraints define the boundary of design possibilities.
Specific presence of intracellular citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis synovium: Relevance to antifilaggrin autoantibodies (2001)

Intracellular citrullinated proteins, which are not recognized by an antifilaggrin mAb, are expressed in RA but not in control synovium. The high specificity of this finding and the colocalization with AFA reactivity boost the interest in citrullinated proteins as possible triggers of autoimmune responses in RA. Moreover, this is the first description of a specific histologic marker for RA synovium.
Immunostaining of Cytologic Preparations: A Review of Technical Problems (1999)

Immunostaining of cytologic preparations has not achieved the level of success attained by the same procedure performed in paraffin sections. This deficiency has been largely attributed to the difficulties in interpretation arising from false positivity, high background staining, and inadequacy of material for immunocytochemical analysis. Many of these setbacks have now been overcome by recent developments that include the preparation of cell blocks, rehydration of smears, and the use of a weak fixative. Contrary to the current practice of using ethanol, cold acetone, B5, and other fixatives for immunocytochemistry, we recommend the preparation of thin, evenly spread air-dried smears (up to 24 h) followed by fixation in 0.1% formal saline (2–14 h). Air-drying minimizes the loss of cells and the weak formalin preserves cellular antigens and also removes proteinaceous fluid as well as causing lysis of red blood cells, both of which contribute to background staining in cytologic preparations. Brief post-fixation in 100% ethanol (10 M) improves cytomorphology. Immunostaining is enhanced by the routine application of heat-induced antigen retrieval. The adoption of all these technical procedures will eliminate the impediments to the realization of the full potential of immunocytochemistry in diagnostic cytology.
Evolution of Drug Resistance in Experimental Populations of <i>Candida albicans</i> (2000)

Adaptation to inhibitory concentrations of the antifungal agent fluconazole was monitored in replicated experimental populations founded from a single, drug-sensitive cell of the yeast Candida albicans and reared over 330 generations. The concentration of fluconazole was maintained at twice the MIC in six populations; no fluconazole was added to another six populations. All six replicate populations grown with fluconazole adapted to the presence of drug as indicated by an increase in MIC; none of the six populations grown without fluconazole showed any change in MIC. In all populations evolved with drug, increased fluconazole resistance was accompanied by increased resistance to ketoconazole and itraconazole; these populations contained ergosterol in their cell membranes and were amphotericin sensitive. The increase in fluconazole MIC in the six populations evolved with drug followed different trajectories, and these populations achieved different levels of resistance, with distinct overexpression patterns of four genes involved in azole resistance: the ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, CDR1 and CDR2; the gene encoding the target enzyme of the azoles in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, ERG11; and the major facilitator gene, MDR1. Selective sweeps in these populations were accompanied by additional genomic changes with no known relationship to drug resistance: loss of heterozygosity in two of the five marker genes assayed and alterations in DNA fingerprints and electrophoretic karyotypes. These results show that chance, in the form of mutations that confer an adaptive advantage, is a determinant in the evolution of azole drug resistance in experimental populations of C. albicans.
The Early Realism of Hopper and Burchfield (1947)

Realism in American painting of the 1920s reveals two major directions—the picturization of the appearance of American life, or what was in the ‘thirties to be called the “American Scene,” which in spite of its surface objectivity often implied critical attitudes; and the more obviously critical art of social protest. The latter was kept alive in the pages of such radical publications as the Liberator, a direct descendant of the old Masses; Good Morning, Art Young's attempt to rival such European satirical journals as Gil Blas, Assiette au Beurre, Jugend and Simplicissimus; and the New Masses, the new rallying place for artists of social protest. The spirit of political and social criticism was kept alive in the cartoons and drawings in these magazines.