gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor-Mediated Gene Transfer into Human T Lymphocytes <i>via</i> Binding of DNA/CD3 Antibody Particles to the CD3 T Cell Receptor Complex (1995)

Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is currently the method of choice for the transfection of human T lymphocytes for applications in gene therapy. Use of retroviral vectors, however, is hampered by limits on the size of the genetic material to be transferred, the requirement of dividing target cells, and by potential safety questions. Synthetic peptide-enhanced or adenovirus-enhanced receptor-mediated transferrinfection of DNA (SPET and AVET, respectively) is a powerful method for the introduction of genetic material into mammalian cells. Although transferrin has proven to be a useful ligand for gene transfer in many cell types, gene expression in T cells with transferrin/DNA complexes is usually not satisfactory. To improve gene transfer to T cells, antibodies directed against the CD3-T cell receptor complex were tested for their ability to function as ligands for DNA delivery. In T cell lines, up to 50% of the cells expressed a beta-galactosidase reporter gene using anti-CD3 gene transfer complexes. Applying optimized conditions, prestimulated primary peripheral blood lymphocytes were also transfected successfully, although at a lesser efficiency (5%).
The chemistry of antitumor antibiotics (1979)

Streptozocin. Pyrrolo (1,4) Benzodiazepines. Saframycins, Renieramycins, and Safracins. Naphthyridinomycin, Cyanocyclines, and Quinocarcin. CC-1065. Nogalamycin and Related Compounds. Streptonigrin and Lavendamycin. Index.
Menaquinone Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> :  Identification of 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate as a Novel Intermediate and Re-Evaluation of MenD Activity (2007)

Menaquinone is an electron carrier in the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli during anaerobic growth. Its biosynthesis involves (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid (SHCHC) as an intermediate, which is believed to be derived from isochorismate and 2-ketoglutarate by one of the biosynthetic enzymes-MenD. However, we found that the genuine MenD product is 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid (SEPHCHC), rather than SHCHC. This is supported by the following findings: (i) isochorismate consumption and SHCHC formation are not synchronized in the enzymic reaction, (ii) the rate of SHCHC formation is independent of the enzyme concentration, (iii) SHCHC is not formed in weakly acidic or neutral solutions in which the isochorismate substrate is readily consumed by MenD, and (iv) the MenD turnover product, formed under conditions disabling SHCHC formation, possesses spectroscopic characteristics consistent with the structure of SEPHCHC and spontaneously undergoes 2,5-elimination to form SHCHC and pyruvate in weakly basic solutions. Two properties of the intermediate, ultraviolet transparency and chemical instability, provide a rationale for the fact that SHCHC has been consistently mistaken as the MenD product. In accordance with these findings, MenD was rediscovered to be a highly efficient enzyme with a high second-order rate constant and should be renamed SEPHCHC synthase. Intriguingly, the enzymatic activity responsible for conversion of SEPHCHC into SHCHC appears not to associate with any of the known enzymes in menaquinone biosynthesis but is present in the crude extract of E. coli K12, suggesting that a genuine SHCHC synthase remains to be identified to fully elucidate the ubiquitous biosynthetic pathway.
Dissociation of dimers of human hemoglobins A and F into monomers. (1986)

Dissociation of alpha beta and alpha gamma dimers of human hemoglobins (Hb) A and F into monomers was studied by alpha chain exchange (Shaeffer, J. R., McDonald, M. J., Turci, S. M., Dinda, D. M., and Bunn, H. F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14544-14547). Unlabeled carbonmonoxy-Hb A was incubated with trace amounts of preparatively purified, native, 3H-alpha subunits in 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, at 25 degrees C. At appropriate times, free alpha monomers were separated from Hb A tetramers by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Transfer of radioactivity from the alpha chain pool into Hb A was measured, yielding a first order dimer dissociation rate constant, k2 = (3.2 +/- 0.3) X 10(-3) h-1. The Arrhenius plot of k2 was linear between 7 and 37 degrees C, yielding an enthalpy of activation of 23 kcal/alpha beta dimer. As the chloride concentration was raised from 0 to 0.2 M, the dissociation rate increased 3-fold; with higher salt concentrations, however, the rate gradually returned to baseline. This rate was not altered by raising the pH from 6.5 to 7.2, but as pH was further raised to 8.4, kappa 2 increased about 3-fold. Hb F, which has an increased stability at alkaline pH, dissociated into alpha and gamma monomers 3 times more slowly than Hb A. Moreover, the dimer-monomer dissociation of Hb F was characterized by a significantly reduced pH dependence. These results demonstrate that both alpha beta and alpha gamma dimers of Hb A and Hb F dissociate reversibly into monomers under physiologic conditions. The differential pH dependence for dimer dissociation between Hb A and Hb F suggests that specific amino acid replacement at the alpha 1 gamma 1 interface confers increased resistance to alkaline denaturation.
Lipoxygenases and lipid signaling in vascular cells in diabetes (2003)

Evidence suggests that monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells as well as excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are key events in the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. These processes are mainly mediated by growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and related factors released by various cells in the vessel wall. The mechanisms of action of these factors are however not very clear. These growth factors and cytokines acting on VSMC and endothelial cells can activate phospholipases with the release of lipids such as arachidonic and linoleic acids. These lipids can be further metabolized by several pathways including the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. These oxidative pathways can lead to the formation of free radicals and lipid peroxides. LO products have been shown to have potent inflammatory, growth, adhesive and chemoattractant effects in cells. They are also associated with oxidant stress and cellular apoptosis. This chapter reviews the role and mechanisms of action of the LO pathway and its products in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. The importance of the leukocyte 12/15-LO in the pathology of these disorders is suggested by studies in which the 12/15-LO null mice displayed attenuated atherosclerosis. Activation of the LO pathway along with associated oxidant stress and signaling pathways may be a common mechanism shared by growth factors and cytokines in leading to increased inflammatory and proliferative disorders, including those associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension and related diabetic vascular complications.
Real-time Distributed MIMO Systems (2016)

Recent years have seen a lot of work in moving distributed MIMO from theory to practice. While this prior work demonstrates the feasibility of synchronizing multiple transmitters in time, frequency, and phase, none of them deliver a full-fledged PHY capable of supporting distributed MIMO in real-time. Further, none of them can address dynamic environments or mobile clients. Addressing these challenges, requires new solutions for low-overhead and fast tracking of wireless channels, which are the key parameters of any distributed MIMO system. It also requires a software-hardware architecture that can deliver a distributed MIMO within a full-fledged 802.11 PHY, while still meeting the tight timing constraints of the 802.11 protocol. This architecture also needs to perform coordinated power control across distributed MIMO nodes, as opposed to simply letting each node perform power control as if it were operating alone. This paper describes the design and implementation of MegaMIMO 2.0, a system that achieves these goals and delivers the first real-time fully distributed 802.11 MIMO system.
Suppression of premixed combustion dynamics utilizing microjet air injection (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Olfactory training with older people (2017)

Based on the present results, OT may constitute an inexpensive, simple way to improve quality of life in older people. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reusable Ada avionics software packages library system (2003)

The goal of the Reusable Ada Avionics Software Packages (RAASP) project is to develop a flexible library of Reusable Software Objects (RSOs) that can be adapted into Ada-based avionics systems. The specific goal of this project is to achieve avionics software reuse at both the requirements (top-level and detailed design) and source code level. This goal is realized via a means and methodology of reuse management, using a hypermedia-based library and retrieval mechanism to browse and select RSOs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation-recombination transient effects in partially depleted SOI transistors: systematic experiments and simulations (1998)

A synthesis of the most frequent transient phenomena due to floating-body effects in partially depleted SOI MOSFET's is presented. The dominant physical mechanisms are examined through a variety of experiments. Comprehensive models which predict the transient effects are included in SOISPICE. Simulated transients involving both generation and recombination are fully validated by the experiments and are shown to he useful for reliable carrier lifetime extraction as well as SOI circuit simulation.
Oriented Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage (2008)

Recently, the role of nanostructured materials in addressing the challenges in energy and natural resources has attracted wide attention. In particular, oriented nanostructures demonstrate promising properties for energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. In this Review, we highlight the synthesis and application of oriented nanostructures in a few key areas of energy technologies, namely photovoltaics, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics. Although the applications differ from field to field, a common fundamental challenge is to improve the generation and transport of electrons and ions. We highlight the role of high surface area to maximize the surface activity and discuss the importance of optimum dimension and architecture, controlled pore channels, and alignment of the nanocrystalline phase to optimize the transport of electrons and ions. Finally, we discuss the challenges in attaining integrated architectures to achieve the desired performance. Brief background information is provided for the relevant technologies, but the emphasis is focused mainly on the nanoscale effects of mostly inorganic-based materials and devices.
A Case for Caution in Assessing the Antibiotic Activity of Extracts of Culinary-Medicinal Shiitake Mushroom [Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer] (Agaricomycetideae) (2003)

Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was detected when edible and medicinal mushroom Lentinus edodes was grown in malt extract broth. The broth was subjected to anion-exchange chromatography. A solution of the dried eluate from the anion-exchange column showed a peak in the same position as pure oxalic aid when subjected to ion-pair chromatography. Treatment of pure oxalic acid and the dried eluate with diazomethane, followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, gave several peaks, but a peak at retention time 4.8 min showed all the characteristics of dimethyl oxalate. It was concluded that oxalic acid was one agent responsible for the antimicrobial effect and oxalic acid was shown to exert such an effect against several other organisms.
Structure, DNasel hypersensitivity and expression of integrated papilloma virus in the genome of HeLa cells (1987)

Three integrated copies of human papilloma virus‐18 (HPV‐18) have been identified in HeLa DNA as Hind III bands. HPV‐18 has no Hind III restriction site in its‐genome. The three segments: A, 8.4 kb; B, 7.9 kb and C, 5.8 kb, have an incomplete viral genome. All of them have most of the 1.1‐kb Bam H1 non‐coding fragment of HPV‐18, which seems to contain the viral origin of replication and regulatory elements. Two of the segments (A and B) have a common 5′‐end break‐point in the viral genome within the L2 open reading frame (ORF). In both segments the second early transcriptional unit of the virus (E6, E7 and E1) is structurally conserved in a new environment. The 3′‐end break‐point for segments A and B is within the E2 ORF. Segment C has the L2 and L1 ORF but none of the genes of the early region. Segments A and B have a specific DNaseI‐hypersensitive site located in the E7/E1 region. The nucleotide sequence of this region has twelve papova virus enhancer‐like consensus sequence (5′‐T A C CACAN T A ‐3′) and a double inverted repeat with fixed spacing capable of forming a hairpin loop. Two viral RNA transcripts of 4.8 kb and 1.7 kb have been detected in poly(A)‐rich RNA. The larger transcripts hybridizes to E6, E7 and E1 ORFs as well and has 2.4 kb of host sequence in its 3′ end. The smaller transcript hybridizes with E6 and E7 ORFs and the beginnig of E1, the final 0.7 kb of E1 are not detectable. No transcripts have been detected carrying E2, E4, E5, L2 and L1 ORF sequences. The transcripts are derived from segments A or B. Segment C is not transcriptionally competent.
On-loom fabric inspection using multi-scale differentiation filtering (2003)

An approach based on multi-scale differentiation filtering (MSDF) is proposed for fabric defect detection. Multi-scale representations for the first derivatives of fabric images are obtained by MSDF; normal ranges of such outputs are estimated and singularities caused by defects or noises are recognized. Noise is further removed from outputs based upon the difference between the correlations of defect outputs and that of noise outputs. By applying to various cases of defect detections, the performance of the approach is evaluated. It has both the high anti-interference of texture outputs and high sensitivity for defect detection. With fast B-spline algorithms, the computation complexity of the approach is reduced.
A New Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst Based on Highly Porous Carbonized Polyacrylonitrile Foam with Very Low Platinum Loading (1996)

For large scale application of fuel cells, low platinum loading electrode structures are necessary. An electrode based on a highly porous carbonized polyacrylonitrile foam material with very low platinum loading was prepared. The performance of this electrode for oxygen reduction was evaluated and compared with bulk platinum and glassy carbon electrodes.
An agri-food supply chain traceability system for China based on RFID & blockchain technology (2016)

For the past few years, food safety has become an outstanding problem in China. Since traditional agri-food logistics pattern can not match the demands of the market anymore, building an agri-food supply chain traceability system is becoming more and more urgent. In this paper, we study the utilization and development situation of RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) and blockchain technology first, and then we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using RFID and blockchain technology in building the agri-food supply chain traceability system; finally, we demonstrate the building process of this system. It can realize the traceability with trusted information in the entire agri-food supply chain, which would effectively guarantee the food safety, by gathering, transferring and sharing the authentic data of agri-food in production, processing, warehousing, distribution and selling links.
A New Method for Blood Velocimetry in the Microcirculation (1996)

We describe a simple new method for computing two-dimensional velocity vector fields of blood flows in microvascular networks. This method, known as optical flow, requires a time sequence of two or more images obtained by a process such as conventional videomicroscopy. There is no need to distinguish individual cells provided clear variations in the light intensity levels are present in the images. The result of the computation reveals the velocity distribution in the microvascular network and the geometry of the blood vessels. Although various implementations of the optical flow technique exist, we have found that the spatial correlation algorithm of Anandan performs best for microcirculatory flows. This report is an introduction to the application of optical flow to the microcirculation and provides instructions on how to obtain and run the codes.
A CMOS mainframe processor with 0.5- mu m channel length (1990)

A processor chip set with IBM/370 architecture is implemented on five CMOS VLSI chips containing 2.8 million transistors with an effective channel length of 0.5 mu m. The chip set consists of the instruction and the fixed-point processor, two cache chips with 16 KB of data and instructions, and the floating-point processor. The chips are implemented in a 1.0- mu m technology with three layers of metal. An automatic design system based on the sea-of-gates technique and the standard cell approach was used. The worst-case operating frequency of the chip set is 35 MHz (typically 50 MHz). Four chips of the processor are packaged on a ceramic multichip module. Level-sensitive scan design, built-in self-test, and parity check guarantee high test coverage and reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RIP-beta 2-microglobulin transgene expression restores insulitis, but not diabetes, in beta 2-microglobulin null nonobese diabetic mice (1996)

Beta2m-deficient nonobese diabetic (NODbeta2mnull) do not develop insulitis or diabetes. Expression of a beta2m transgene controlled by the rat insulin promoter (RIP-beta2m) in NODbeta2mnull mice resulted in reconstitution of IFN-gamma-inducible cell surface MHC class I protein on pancreatic beta-cells. These mice developed insulitis, but did not develop diabetes. Transfer of T cells from diabetic NOD mice to NODbeta2mnull recipients resulted in insulitis, which took several months to progress to diabetes. In contrast, transgenic RIP-beta2m/NODbeta2mnull mice with islet MHC class I reconstitution developed diabetes rapidly after transfer of diabetic NOD spleen cells. Administration of cyclophosphamide, which accelerates diabetes in NOD mice, resulted in 43% of RIPbeta2m/NODbeta2mnull mice becoming diabetic compared with 75% of wild-type mice and 0% of NODbeta2mnull mice. Acceleration of diabetes by cyclophosphamide was prevented by anti-CD8 mAb treatment. FACS analysis of peripheral blood and lymphoid organs from transgene-bearing animals did not show an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells compared with that in NODbeta2mnull mice. In summary, beta-cell expression of beta2m in NODbeta2mnull mice resulted in a return of insulitis, but not spontaneous diabetes. These studies demonstrate that beta2m and cell surface MHC class I expression on beta-cells are essential for the initiation of diabetes in the NOD mouse and further confirm that efficient progression to diabetes requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
In-the-ear hearing aids within auricular prostheses (2001)

We report a child with bilateral congenital microtia in whom cosmetic and auditory rehabilitation has been effected using in-the-ear hearing aids within prostheses overlying the rudimentary external auditory meati after canaloplasty. This novel method of auditory rehabilitation has not been reported before and is suitable in selected cases. The prostheses themselves were successfully secured using a prosthetic contact adhesive we have developed that offers excellent retention, little if any skin reaction, and high patient acceptability.
Fast inline inspection by Neural Network Based Filtered Backprojection: Application to apple inspection (2016)

Speed is an important parameter of an inspection system. Inline computed tomography systems exist but are generally expensive. Moreover, their throughput is limited by the speed of the reconstruction algorithm. In this work, we propose a Neural Network-based Hilbert transform Filtered Backprojection (NN-hFBP) method to reconstruct objects in an inline scanning environment in a fast and accurate way. Experiments based on apple X-ray scans show that the NN-hFBP method allows to reconstruct images with a substantially better tradeoff between image quality and reconstruction time.
A framework for secure device pairing by demonstration of physical proximity (2010)

Ad-hoc interactions between devices over wireless networks present a security problem: the generation of shared secrets to initialize secure communication over a medium that is inherently vulnerable to various attacks. However, these scenarios can also build on physical security of spaces by using protocols in which users visibly demonstrate their presence to generate an association. As a consequence, secure device pairing has received significant attention. A plethora of schemes and protocols have been proposed, which use various forms of out-of-band exchange to form an association between two devices. These protocols and schemes have different strengths and weaknesses -- often in hardware requirements, strength against various attacks or usability in particular scenarios. From ordinary user's point of view, the problem then becomes which to choose or which is the best possible scheme in a particular scenario. This problem could be relieved by automation. We advocate that the integration of a discovery mechanism, several pairing schemes and a selection protocol into a single system is more efficient for users. In this paper, we present such a system along with its implementation details.
Directed Self‐Assembly Pathways of Active Colloidal Clusters (2016)

Despite the mounting interest in synthetic active particles, too little is known about their assembly into higher-order clusters. Here, mixing bare silica particles with Janus particles that are self-propelled in electric fields, we assemble rotating chiral clusters of various sorts, their structures consisting of active particles wrapped around central "hub" particles. These clusters self-assemble from the competition between standard energetic interactions and the need to be stable as the clusters rotate when the energy source is turned on, and fall apart when the energy input is off. This allows one to guide the formation of intended clusters, as the final structure depends notably on the sequence of steps in which the clusters form.
Highly uniform holographic microtrap arrays for single atom trapping using a feedback optimization of in-trap fluorescence measurements (2016)

We report on the novel optimization method to realize highly uniform microtrap arrays for single atom trapping with a spatial light modulator (SLM). This method consists of two iterative feedback loops with the measurements of both diffracted light intensities and in-trap fluorescence intensities from each microtrap. By applying this method to the single <sup>87</sup>Rb atom trapping, we can reduce the variance of trap depths from 20.8% to 1.7% for 4 × 4 square arrays and less than 4% for various arrays with up to 62 sites. The detection error of individual single atoms is also reduced from 1.7% to 0.0054% on average.