gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent proteins at a glance (2011)

There was an error published in J. Cell Sci. 124, 157-160.During the course of creating the accompanying poster, pseudocolored fluorescent protein fusion images from previous publications were used to define the layout. Many of these images were inadvertently not replaced with a similar image of the correct fusion in the final published version. This affects the following images from the “Fluorescent protein localization” panel of the poster (note that the identities of the placeholder images are denoted in parentheses): mEGFP-MTS (mWasabi-MTS); mKO2-CAAX (TagRFP-T-annexin); mKO2-GalT (TagRFP-T-GalT); mTurquoise-keratin (mTFP1-keratin); mKO2-LC-clathrin (TagRFP-T-clathrin); mVenus-paxillin (mWasabi-paxillin); mTagBFP-calreticulin (mTFP1-calreticulin). In assembling the correction, the following raw images could not be located and thus shown here are newly acquired images: mTagBFP-lamin B1; mCherry-α-tubulin; mKate2-β-actin.The correct images and labels are as follows:The authors apologise for this error.A corrected version of the poster is available for downloading here. http://jcs.biologists.org/content/124/2/157/suppl/DC2A similar error arose in a previous publication, and an inquiry and investigation have been conducted by Michael Davidson's institution. It was determined that the problems with the figures were not the result of deliberate alterations of data to support the scientific conclusions of the publications.
Occurrence of Progesterone and Related Animal Steroids in Two Higher Plants<sup>,</sup> (2010)

Previously, the presence of a wide variety of chemically diverse steroids has been identified in both flora and fauna. Despite the relatively small differences in chemical structures and large differences in physiological function of steroids, new discoveries indicate that plants and animals are more closely related than previously thought. In this regard, the present study gathers supporting evidence for shared phylogenetic roots of structurally similar steroids produced by these two eukaryotic taxa. Definitive proof for the presence of progesterone (3) in a vascular plant, Juglans regia, is provided. Additional evidence is gleaned from the characterization of five new plant steroids from Adonis aleppica: three 3-O-sulfated pregnenolones (6a/ b, 7), a sulfated H-5beta cardenolide, strophanthidin-3-O-sulfate (8), and spirophanthigenin (10), a novel C-18 oxygenated spirocyclic derivative of strophanthidin. The ab initio isolation and structure elucidation (NMR, MS) of these genuine minor plant steroids offers information on preparative metabolomic profiling at the ppm level and provides striking evidence for the conserved structural space of pregnanes and its congeners across the phylogenetic tree.
GD2 ganglioside biosynthesis is a distinct biochemical event in human melanoma tumor progression (1986)

Gangliosides from cell cultures established from melanocytic lesions, representing different stages of melanoma tumor progression, were analyzed by chemical and immunological means on thin-layer chromatograms. The GD2 ganglioside and N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of GD2 from its precursor GD3, were detected in cultures established from advanced primary and metastatic melanomas, but not in cultures of normal melanocytes. Immunohistochemical studies on tissue sections from all progression stages confirmed GD2 expression only in these advanced lesions. A distinct biochemical event thus coincides with the onset of faster growth and acquisition of metastatic competence in human melanoma tumor progression.
Symbol dictionary design for the JBIG2 standard (2002)

The JBIG2 standard for lossy and lossless bi-level image coding is a very flexible encoding strategy based on pattern matching techniques. The encoder collects a set of symbols in a dictionary and encodes a page by reference to the dictionary symbols. JBIG2 allows the encoder to view all symbols and choose a good set for the dictionary. We propose a two-pass technique for choosing the dictionary entries, and discuss the trade-offs in bit allocation that these choices entail. The proposed dictionary design technique outperforms simpler dictionary formation techniques by up to 7-9% and 10-18% for lossless and lossy compression, respectively. In the lossy case, we further point out one way to significantly speed up the symbol bitmap compression procedure.
Identity-based network security for commercial blockchain services (2018)

While blockchain services hold great promise to improve many different industries, there are significant cybersecurity concerns which must be addressed. In this paper, we present experimental test bed results for a novel method of user identity management for cloud-based blockchain applications. Using a BlackRidge Technology endpoint on a Windows host, we insert cryptographic identity tokens on the first packet to request a new session. A corresponding gateway appliance in the cloud enforces security policy, blocking unauthorized access at or below the transport layer. Results of penetration testing a sample Hyperledger 1.0 application are discussed. We also demonstrate network segmentation and traffic separation, which allows multiple organizations to share blockchain infrastructure and facilitates compliance auditing.
Molecular characterization of an autoantigen of PM-Scl in the polymyositis/scleroderma overlap syndrome: a unique and complete human cDNA encoding an apparent 75-kD acidic protein of the nucleolar complex. (1991)

About 50% of patients with the polymyositis/scleroderma (PM-Scl) overlap syndrome are reported to have autoantibodies to a nuclear/nucleolar particle termed PM-Scl. The particle is composed of several polypeptides of which two have been identified as autoantigens. In this report, human cDNA clone coding for the entire 75-kD autoantigen of the PM-Scl particle (PM-Scl 75) was isolated from a MOLT-4 lambda gt-11 library. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA clone represented a protein of 355 amino acids and 39.2 kD; the in vitro translation product of this cDNA migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) at approximately 70 kD. The aberrant migration of the polypeptide in SDS-PAGE was shown to be related to the COOH half that was rich in acidic residues. Authenticity of the cDNA coding for PM-Scl 75 was shown by immunoreactivity of PM-Scl sera with in vitro translation products and recombinant fusion proteins encoded by the cDNA. In addition, rabbit antibodies raised to recombinant fusion protein reacted in immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation with the characteristic features displayed by human anti-PM-Scl sera.
Absorption characteristics of three phenytoin sodium products after administration of oral loading doses. (1985)

The absorption characteristics of three phenytoin sodium products given orally as loading doses in five healthy men were studied. Extended phenytoin sodium capsules, prompt phenytoin sodium capsules, and phenytoin sodium injection were administered in a randomized, crossover trial as single 18-mg/kg doses and as divided doses of 6 mg/kg every three hours for three doses. Each dose was given with 200 ml of water, and a two-week washout period followed each treatment. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach maximum plasma concentration, time to reach the lower end (10 mg/liter) of the therapeutic range, time to reach a plasma concentration greater than 15 mg/liter, and time within the therapeutic range were determined for each loading-dose regimen. Prompt phenytoin sodium capsules (prompt PHT) given in divided doses produced a mean Cmax of 22.0 mg/liter, which was significantly higher than that observed with any of the other loading-dose regimens. In addition, all subjects receiving prompt PHT in divided doses had plasma phenytoin concentrations of 10 mg/liter within six hours; only this treatment produced plasma concentrations greater than 15 mg/liter at nine hours in all subjects. Plasma concentrations remained within the therapeutic range (10-20 mg/liter) for 81 and 78% of the first 24-hour period for prompt PHT in divided and single doses, respectively. Adverse effects were minimal in all regimens. The prompt-release phenytoin sodium capsules used in this study may provide an alternative means for rapidly achieving therapeutic phenytoin concentrations in situations where i.v. administration is not indicated or practical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Incidence of Elevated B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Risk Factors for Heart Failure in an Unselected At‐Risk Population (Stage A): Implications for Heart Failure Screening Programs (2003)

Only early detection and treatment is likely to stem the current epidemic of heart failure (HF). Several common cardiovascular and metabolic conditions increase the risk of developing symptomatic HF, but its detection by a simple and reliable screening method has proved elusive. HF screening sessions were conducted in September and November 2001. Members of the community with HF risk factors (e.g., hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) were invited--all specifically without a history of HF. The screening included a history review, health history questionnaire, measurement of blood pressure and pulse, as well as a measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level. A total of 233 individuals attended these two sessions: 108 men and 125 women (mean age, 63 years). Of the 233 subjects screened, the majority (92%) had >or=1 risk factor with an average of 2.8 risk factors for HF. The most common risks included hyperlipidemia (112), hypertension (112), age >65 years (105), cigarette smoking (105), coronary artery disease (60), and diabetes mellitus (54). Many subjects also had symptoms consistent with HF, with most (182, 82%) recording >or=1 symptom. Blood pressure measurements revealed a mean systolic of 139 mm Hg and mean diastolic of 79 mm Hg; on the screening days, 48% and 59% of subjects demonstrated either systolic or diastolic blood pressures above normal, respectively. BNP levels ranged from 0-479 pg/mL with an average of 40 pg/mL. A total of 24 subjects (10.3%) had a BNP level >100 pg/mL, and a total of 32 subjects (13.7%) had a level >80 pg/mL. The follow-up data showed that all 24 subjects saw their physician within 6 months after the screening. By 12 months following the initial screening program, 21 of the 24 subjects with elevated BNP levels (88%) underwent further testing and 18 of the 24 (67%) had changes in their medications. BNP screening identifies subjects at high risk for developing HF. Most subjects at risk have multiple risk factors and abnormal blood pressure. Approximately 10% of this population tested with an abnormal level of BNP, higher than the Food and Drug Administration-assigned cut-point diagnostic for HF. Increased public and physician awareness and information are needed to transform screening opportunities into a strategic approach to improve health care and HF prevention.
Shear Rate and Hematocrit Effects on the Apparent Diffusivity of Urea in Suspensions of Bovine Erythrocytes (2010)

This work aimed to demonstrate a new method to determine diffusivities in blood and to show how urea transport is affected by blood cells. Diffusivities of urea in suspensions of bovine erythrocytes in bovine albumin solutions were determined in a two-layer membraneless microfluidic device as a function of interfacial shear rate and hematocrit. The experiments validated the measurement system at zero hematocrit and provided measurements at finite hematocrits, unobtainable in static systems. Both obstruction of diffusion by unsheared and thus non-rotating cells and augmentation of diffusion by cells rotating in response to shear were demonstrated.
ATP‐dependent vesiculation in red cell membranes from different hereditary stomatocytosis variants (2003)

The hereditary stomatocytoses are a group of dominant haemolytic anaemias that show two main features: invaginated, 'stomatocytic' morphology; and a membrane leak to the univalent cations Na and K. A patient with the most severe variant of these conditions was reported to show a defect in an in vitro process of ATP-dependent endocytic vesiculation (ADEV), which is found in normal red cells. We have examined this endocytosis process in 11 leaky red cell pedigrees available to us in the UK. ADEV in broken membranes was absent only in the two most severely affected, 'overhydrated' pedigrees studied, both of which showed a deficiency in the membrane raft protein, stomatin. The process was present, although typically diminished by about 10-20% compared with normal red cells, in all others. The cross-linker dimethyl adipimate (DMA), which could correct the cation leak in some of these patients, also corrected the ADEV defect in the same patients. In those patients in whom DMA had no effect on the ion leak, ADEV was not absent. In normal cells, this process of vesiculation was inhibited by inhibitors of membrane 'raft' function, by an antistomatin antibody and by vanadate and N-ethyl maleimide, but not by inhibitors of a number of kinases. These data highlight the heterogeneity of these conditions. A mechanism is discussed by which a defect in raft-based endocytosis could lead to the exaggerated surface exposure of an ion channel, which could then function constitutively, i.e. 'leak'.
Studies on Influence of Edta to Bacteria (1959)

In order to investigate the effect of EDTA on the growth of bacteria, EDTA and bivalent metal ion were added to the media in fixed proportion. The growth of Sal. 57 S and Staph. aureus were studied on this madia and the following results were odtained.1) Sal. 57 S were able to grow on nutrient agar media containing up to 0.008 M EDTA. The rate of growth was the same as the control up to a concentration of 0.006 M EDTA Staph. aureus was able to grow on nutrient agar media containing up to 0.006 M EDTA. The rate of growth of Staph. anreus was the same as to the control up to a concentration of 0.005 M EDTA.2) After repeated transfers the Sal. 57 S was capable of growing on media containing 0.009 M EDTA. Staph. aureus also showed an ability to grow in higher concentration of EDTA, i. e. 0.0075 M EDTA. The rate of growth of the subcultured organisms mentioned above was the same as the control. However, in higher concentration of EDTA no growth was observed, even with the subcultured organisms.3) Since the equal mols of EDTA and bivalent ion are equivalent, the excessive mol of EDTA must exist in media in free when mol of bivalent ion was added in smaller amount than mol of EDTA. The auther would express the excessive mol of EDTA as “possible concentration of EDTA”. The relationship between “possible concentration of EDTA” and the growth of organisms was studied having chelated EDTA by Mg++ and Fe++. By chelation of Mg++ the rate of growth of Sal. 57 S was proportional to “possible concentration of EDTA” as well as to “true concentration of EDTA”, that medned the concentration of EDTA added with no chelation. In the same test using Staph aureus the rate of growth was somewhat inferior than expected rate of growth. However, in chelation by Fe++ the rate of growth against “possible concentration of EDTA” did not correspond to “true concentration of EDTA”, but the rate was exceedingly inferior.4) The effect of addition of EDTA to peptone water and bouillon was studied. The growth of Sal. 57 S was gradually decreased by the addition of EDTA, but up to a certain concentration no decrease was observed. The growth of Staph. aureus was completely inhibited at concentrations of 0.004-0.005 M EDTA, but only small concentration was nescessary for partial inhibition. The rate of growth of EDTA resistant bacteria was superior than normal bacteria.5) The rate of growth of bacteria to a “possible concentration of EDTA” was superior than the rate of growth to a “true concentration of EDTA”. The rate of growth mentioned above was observed in peptone water and bouillon media chelating by Mg++.6) By contrast, normal Sal. 57 S and EDTA resistant Sal. 57 S on metal ion free synthetic media the EDTA resistant bacteria showed marked growth with the addition of only a small amount of Mg++.
Value‐at‐Risk (2004)

Abstract The Value at Risk (VaR) on a portfolio is the maximum loss we might expect over a given period, at a given level of confidence. It is therefore defined over two parameters – the period concerned, usually known as the holding period, and the confidence level – whose values are arbitrarily chosen. The VaR is a relatively recent risk measure whose roots go back to Baumol, who suggested a risk measure equal to μ – k σ, where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution concerned, and k is a subjective parameter that reflects the user's attitude to risk. The term value at risk only came into widespread use much later. The notion itself lay dormant for nearly 30 years, and then shot to prominence in the early to mid 1990s as the centerpiece of the risk measurement models developed by leading securities firms. The most notable of these, Morgan's Risk‐Metrics model, was made public in October 1994, and gave rise to a widespread debate on the merits, and otherwise, of VaR. Since then, there have been major improvements in the methods used to estimate VaR, and VaR methodologies have been applied to other forms of financial risk besides the market risks for which it was first developed.
Public water supply system analysis in the region of Castelo Branco (Portugal) : geostatistical methodologies to the groundwater productivity estimation (2006)

The present work concerns to the study of the public water supply system, actual situation in Castelo Branco, Portugal. The Castelo Branco geographical area is about 1439.94 Km2 with a 500000 people population being an inner region of the country with big problems of water supply during the summer months. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodological procedure as a working tool to the management optimisation of the water supply system taking in consideration: the groundwater supply; the system management and the captured water volumes control. The definition of a groundwater hydraulic potential in a major fractured hydrogeology field, in which the water is conditioned by the presence of extended altered formations and it’s mobility conditioned by the intense fracture density is the goal of the propose work. The working data is available in a few Portuguese water institutions, and summarizes to 2002, the groundwater volumetric supplies, hydrological basin type, planning regions, geology, litology and served population. To the groundwater productivity estimated cartography was adopted a set of statistics and geostatistics methodologies like Ordinary Kriging, using a preliminary variographic data analysis that allowed the inference of the preferential underground flow.
Liposome Kinetics in Infarcted Canine Myocardium (1984)

Summary: To study the mechanisms and kinetics of liposome deposition in the region of the experimental myocardial infarction, the myocardial distribution of positive and negative liposomes was determined as a function of regional myocardial blood flow and time after administration. The study was performed in dogs at 1 and 24 h following experimental myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hours after coronary artery occlusion, the initial myocardial distribution of positive and negative liposomes (2 min) is directly proportional to regional myocardial blood flow. With time, there is reduction of the radiotracer associated with negative liposomes from all myocardial regions (p < 0.01). In contrast, in areas of moderate and severe blood flow reduction, there is progressive accumulation of tracers entrapped or incorporated in positive liposomes. This increment becomes significant in 120 min (p < 0.005). Similar findings are observed in studies performed 1 h after coronary artery occlusion. Dual-label liposomes ([3H]cholesterol and [99mTc] diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) were used to study the integrity of liposomes in normal and ischemic myocardium. Significant dissociation of the aqueous and lipid labels of positive liposomes is observed 1 h following coronary artery occlusion. In the 24-h myocardial infarction model, dissociation of the aqueous and lipid labels in ischemic myocardium is also observed. This phenomenon is more pronounced with positive than with negative liposomes (p < 0.02). The leakage of tracers from liposomes may result from destabilization or destruction of liposomes in the ischemic myocardium by the action of phospholipases, catabolites, and local environmental changes. This effect is less marked for negative liposomes. The use of liposomes improved the regional distribution of the tracer in infarcted tissue. However, the absolute amount of tracer delivered to the myocardium is less than that achieved with the free form.
Proof-of-concept microwave sensor on flexible substrate for real-time water composition analysis (2012)

This paper reports on the development of a novel proof-of-concept type sensor for real-time monitoring of water composition. In particular, the change in the electromagnetic wave signal in microwave frequency range is used as an indicator of water purity. The sensing element was designed on a flexible substrate to provide for a long-term usage since this configuration is less prone to failure due to mechanical damage. This allows for a broad range of applications where a sensor could be mounted on any curved surface or even just placed bended in a tube or water pipe. Inderdigitated Silver metal pattern printed on this substrate acted as a sensor. The developed system confirmed the viability of using microwaves for real-time water purity monitoring as the corresponding spectra for air, deionised and tap water were unique and clearly depicted a shift in the resonant frequencies of the sensor when it was placed in contact with water samples.
Hepatocyte growth factor activation inhibitors (HAI‐1 and HAI‐2) regulate HGF‐induced invasion of human breast cancer cells (2006)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a plethora of roles in cancer metastasis and tumour growth. The interaction between tumour cells and their surrounding stromal environment is a crucial factor regulating tumour invasion and metastasis. Stromal fibroblasts are the main source of HGF in the body, and release HGF as an inactive precursor (pro-HGF). HGF activator (HGFA), matriptase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and hepsin are the main factors responsible for converting pro-HGF into active HGF. HAI-1 and HAI-2 are 2 novel Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors that regulate HGF activity through inhibition of HGFA, matriptase and hepsin action. Recent studies demonstrate that HAI-1 and HAI-2 may also potently inhibit a number of other pro-metastatic serine proteases and therefore have direct bearing on the spread of tumours. Our study examined the potential of these HAI's to suppress the influence of HGF and regulate cancer metastasis. We generated a retroviral expression system that induced HAI expression in a human fibroblast cell line. Forced expression of either HAI-1 or HAI-2 in these fibroblasts resulted in a dramatic decrease in the production of bioactive hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). This reduction in HGF activity subsequently suppressed HGF's metastatic influence on breast cancer cells. To further assess the anti-cancer properties of HAI-1 and HAI-2 we generated recombinant HAI proteins. These recombinant HAI proteins possessed the ability to potently quench HGF activity. We also demonstrate that these recombinant HAI's suppressed fibroblast-mediated breast cancer invasion. An additional ribozyme transgenes study revealed that elimination of HAI-1 and HAI-2 expression, in an MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, significantly enhanced the migratory, proliferative and invasive nature of these breast cancer cells. Overall, our data demonstrates the important roles of HAI-1 and HAI-2 in cancer metastasis, and reveals that these serine protease inhibitors display strong therapeutic potential.