gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Reverse Transport of Severe Dust Storms Associated with Synoptic Weather in East Asia (2018)

The range and time of the environmental effects of Asian dust are closely dependent on the pathways and the speed of dust plume movement. In this study, the occurrence and movement of two dust storms in China in May 2017 were examined by using open space- and ground-based measurement data and the backward trajectories of dust plumes. Results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data showed that the dust storms were caused by the rapid coupling development of Mongolian cyclones and Asian highs. After the dust plumes arrived at the Southeastern China in the first dust event, the stable weather conditions and the Asian high slowed down the movement of the plumes, leading to the gradual diffusion of dust particles. Moreover, the Asian high in the first event and the Huabei low (a low-pressure system in North China Plain) in the second altered the movement direction of the dust plumes from southward to northward, which we denote as the “dust reverse transport (DRT)”. The DRT occurred only within the lower troposphere even though dust plumes could extended to 5–10 km in vertical direction. Statistical results of 28 spring dust events occurred in 2015–2018 showed that all these dust storms were triggered by Mongolian cyclones and/or Asian highs, and approximately 39% moved as the DRT, indicating about one third of severe spring dust storms could influence larger areas or longer time than the remained ones.
Investigation and modelling of helical scan tape recorder noise (1994)

The noise portion of the read signal of a helical scan tape recorder has been separated into multiplicative noise and additive noise. Additive noise is further split into medium correlated and medium uncorrelated parts which are particle noise, rubbing noise, head noise and amplifier noise. The separation procedure is described and results are presented. A simulation model for the realistically distorted read signal is set up on the basis of the knowledge about the noise sources.
Pharmacology of Furosemide in the Horse: A Review (1991)

Furosemide, a diuretic, is frequently administered to horses for the prophylaxis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and the treatment of a number of clinical conditions, including acute renal failure and congestive heart failure. Furosemide increases the rate of urinary sodium, chloride, and hydrogen ion excretion. Plasma potassium concentration decreases after furosemide administration but urinary potassium excretion in horses is minimally affected. Renal blood flow increases after furosemide administration. Systemically, furosemide increases venous compliance and decreases right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and pulmonary blood volume. The systemic hemodynamic effects of furosemide are only manifest in the presence of a functional kidney, but can occur in the absence of diuresis, emphasizing the importance of the renal-dependent extra-renal effects of furosemide. The renal and systemic hemodynamic effects of furosemide are modified by prior administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furosemide administration attenuates exercise-induced increases in right atrial, aortic, and pulmonary artery pressures in ponies. Furosemide prevents exercise and allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in humans and decreases total pulmonary resistance in ponies with recurrent obstructive airway disease. These pharmacologic effects are frequently used to rationalize its questionable efficacy in the prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Neither the effect of furosemide on athletic performance nor its efficacy in the prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage has been convincingly demonstrated.
Further characterization of the interaction between the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit and its accessory subunit with regard to the 3'-to-5' exonucleolytic activity and stability of initiation complex at primer terminus (1994)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase catalytic subunit, BALF5 gene product, possesses an intrinsic 3'-to 5' proofreading exonuclease activity in addition to 5'-to-3' DNA polymerase activity (T. Tsurumi, A. Kobayashi, K. Tamai, T. Daikoku, R. Kurachi, and Y. Nishiyama, J. Virol. 67:4651-4658, 1993). The exonuclease hydrolyzed both double-and single-stranded DNA substrates with 3'-to-5' directionality, releasing deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The double-strand exonucleolytic activity catalyzed by the BALF5 polymerase catalytic subunit was very sensitive to high ionic strength, whereas the single-strand exonucleolytic activity was moderately resistant. The addition of the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit to the reaction enhanced the double-strand exonucleolytic activity in the presence of high concentrations of ammonium sulfate (fourfold stimulation at 75 mM ammonium sulfate). Optimal stimulation was obtained when the molar ratio of BMRF1 protein to BALF5 protein was 2 and higher, identical to the values required for reconstituting the optimum DNA polymerizing activity (T. Tsurumi, T. Daikoku, R. Kurachi, and Y. Nishiyama, J. Virol. 67:7648-7653, 1993). Furthermore, product size analyses revealed that the polymerase catalytic subunit alone excised a few nucleotides from the 3' termini of the primer hybridized to template DNA and that the addition of the BMFR1 polymerase accessory subunit stimulated the nucleotide excision several times. In contrast, the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA by the BALF5 protein was not affected by the addition of the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit at all. These observations suggest that the BMRF1 polymerase accessory subunit forms a complex with the BALF5 polymerase catalytic subunit to stabilize the interaction of the holoenzyme complex with the 3'-OH end of the primer on the template DNA during exonucleolysis. On the other hand, challenger DNA experiments revealed that the BALF5 polymerase catalytic subunit alone stably binds to the primer terminus in a stationary state, whereas the reconstituted polymerase holoenzyme is unstable. The instability of the initiation complex of the EBV DNA polymerase would allow the rapid removal of the EBV DNA polymerase holoenzyme from the lagging strand after it has replicated up to the previous Okazaki fragment. This feature of the EBV DNA polymerase holoenzyme in a stationary state is in marked contrast to the moving holoenzyme complex tightly bound to the primer end during polymerization and exonucleolysis.
Saliency maps of high dynamic range images (2009)

A number of computational models of visual attention have been proposed based on the concept of saliency map, most of them validated using oculometric data. They are widely used for Computer Graphics applications with Low Dynamic Range images, mainly for image rendering, in order to avoid spending too much computing time on non salient areas. However, these algorithms were not used so far with High Dynamic Range (HDR) inputs. In this paper, we show that in the case of HDR images, the predictions using algorithms based on [Itti and Koch 2000] are less accurate than with 8-bit images. To improve the saliency computation for HDR inputs, we propose a new algorithm derived from [Itti and Koch 2000]. From an eye tracking experiment with a HDR scene, we show that this algorithm leads to good results for the saliency map computation, with a better fit between the saliency map and the ocular fixation map than Itti's algorithm.
Multi-site Synchronous VM Replication for Persistent Systems with Asymmetric Read/Write Latencies (2017)

Novel non-volatile memory is considered as a future replacement for conventional main memory. While besides persistence non-volatile memory technologies promise higher storage density and lower power demand, they also possess an asymmetry between fast read and slow write access times. The latter can be in the order of 2x to even 20x. While persistent main memory per se asks for novel system software support, the asymmetry between read and write access times needs to be addressed for building efficient solutions. This paper addresses virtual machine replication for high availability when non-volatile memory is put in use. So far asynchronous VM replication that stops a virtual machine, performs a local copy of dirty pages, resumes the virtual machine, before the data is transferred to a back-up site, is the state of the art. In contrast, we propose a multi-site zero-copy synchronous VM replication, which utilizes Remote Direct Memory Access and is tolerant to different read/write latencies. We demonstrate that for future hardware settings synchronous VM replication provides a performance increase of up to 27% compared to current best practices.
Efficiency and effectiveness of cloned virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. (1989)

The efficiency of cloned class I MHC restricted CTL specific for the nucleoprotein or glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in either mediating virus clearance or immunopathologic disease in mice during acute infection was quantitated. Cloned CTL specific for either an internal (nucleoprotein) or surface (glycoprotein) protein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, when administered intracerebrally 5 days after the initiation of infection induced fatal immunopathology, indicating that both internal and surface viral Ag play a role in immune mediated disease in vivo. Dose-response analysis indicated that only 10(2) to 10(3) cloned CTL injected intracerebrally were required to induce mortality in 50% of inoculated syngeneic mice. Thus relatively few virus-specific CTL are required to induce an acute immunopathologic disease in the central nervous system. In contrast, if cloned CTL are adoptively transferred at the time of initiation of viral infection they provide protection as demonstrated by their ability to eliminate virus from the brain and thus terminate the acute infection.
A New Method of Synthesizing Matched Broad-Band TEM-Mode Three-Ports (1971)

A new method of synthesizing matched broad-band TEM-mode three-ports is presented. The three-ports consist of n sections in cascade with each section composed of two coupled lossless transmission lines of electrical length /spl theta/ and an intermediate resistor. The main object is to analyze and design broad-band unsymmetrical structures with the symmetrical three-port as a special and important case. The analysis of the three-port is performed by means of a more convenient four-port analysis. An even-odd-mode method is used and a new definition of the odd mode is introduced. This new definition considerably simplfies the treatment of unsymmetrical three-and four-ports with one half of the network identical to the other apart from an impedance scaling factor. The analysis yields two uncoupled two-ports in each mode. The even-mode networks are identical with cascaded quarter-wave impedance transformers while the odd-mode networks contain all the resistors. A new technique for their design is presented and a computer program for complete synthesis of hybrid three-ports has been worked out. Several experimental stripline three-ports were built. A three-section unsymmetrical (k=1.7) matched three-port showed a measured isolation better than 20 dB and a maximum VSWR of 1.3 from 5 to 12 GHz. The total loss of a four-section equal-power divider was 0.2dB, maximum VSWR 1.25, and minimum isolation 23 dB over the frequency range 2.5-12.0 GHz.
CXCR4 blockade with AMD3100 enhances Taxol chemotherapy to limit ovarian cancer cell growth (2017)

The standard of care for ovarian cancer includes initial treatment with chemotherapy. Despite initial efficacy, over 70% of patients develop recurrence; thus, there is a need to identify novel approaches that can improve therapeutic outcomes. We evaluated AMD3100 (Plerixafor), an FDA-approved CXCR4 inhibitor, as a potential adjunctive therapy for low-dose Taxol (Paclitaxel) by assessing the impact on in-vitro ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Proliferation was a measure for both human TOV-112D and murine ID8 ovarian cancer cells incubated with AMD3100 and Taxol, either individually or in combination. Impact of treatment was first determined for the simultaneous administration of AMD3100 and Taxol. We next assessed a sequential application of AMD3100 pretreatment, followed by AMD3100, Taxol, or a combination to test for sensitization to Taxol. In addition, we measured the impact of AMD3100 and Taxol, individually and in combination, on colony formation, an in-vitro model assay of tumor growth. Expression data, as measured by flow cytometry, show that both ID8 and TOV-112D cells are positive for CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12. Combination treatment with AMD3100 (≤10 μmol/l) sensitized both ID8 and TOV-112D cells to low concentrations of Taxol (≤5 nmol/l), limiting cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Pretreatment with AMD3100 significantly increased the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer to low-dose Taxol or the combination of AMD3100 and Taxol, although this effect was not evident in murine cells. Importantly, for both human and murine cells, incubation with a combination of AMD3100 and Taxol had the largest impact on limiting cell proliferation. AMD3100 in combination with low-dose Taxol offers improved efficacy and the potential of reduced toxicity for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Natural Periods of Vibration of Buildings (1963)

The measured periods of vibrations of a large number of buildings are used to compare the merits of existing formulas and of equations derived using a rational approach. It is concluded that no single, simple, empirical equation will give reasonably accurate estimates for the periods of buildings having shear wall characteristics. The calculated periods of steel frame buildings are found to be proportional to the square root of the number of stories rather than directly proportional as is usually assumed. However, observed periods of such buildings indicate that the steel frame alone would contribute only about 25% of the effective stiffness. The dependence of the period on the flexibility of the floor girders is also demonstrated using a digital computer. Calculations show that these buildings behave essentially as if they had rigid floor girders, although the girders of the steel frames themselves are very flexible, so far as the period of vibration is concerned. Additional studies of the natural periods of actual structures are recommended.
Comparison of a New Automated Kinetically Determined Fibrinogen Assay with the 3 Most Used Fibrinogen Assays (Functional, Derived and Nephelometric) in Austrian Laboratories in Several Clinical Populations and Healthy Controls (1995)

A new automated kinetically determined fibrinogen assay was measured in plasmas of healthy subjects and three clinical cohorts (acute-phase reaction, liver cirrhosis and fibrinolytic therapy) that were expected to show normal, high and low levels of fibrinogen. The results were compared with the results of fibrinogen measurement using the derived method, the method according to Clauss and an immunological-nephelometric method. Altogether, the best correlation was achieved between the kinetic and the derived method. However, results from the derived method were generally higher than values obtained through the kinetic method. This was particularly true for high concentration levels above 400 mg/dl (patients with acute phase reaction) as well as for plasmas containing fibrin(ogen) degradation products and low concentrations of fibrinogen (below 150 mg/dl). Fibrinogen determinations in several commercial plasma pools with declared fibrinogen levels show remarkable heterogeneity when different methods were applied. To improve the discernment of fibrinogen determinations we suggest adjustment of standard preparations to international reference materials and the specification of the method used. Furthermore the attending physician is asked to cast a critical eye on fibrinogen values with regard to the used method of determination.
Historical perspectives on the US telephone loop (1991)

Past activities that have produced the telephone loop design prevailing in most parts of the world today are reviewed. The discussion covers the technology on which the early subscriber loops were based, the introduction of electronics, the structure of the loop, central office power systems, and loop testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basics of flow cytometry–based sterility testing of platelet concentrates (2005)

Sterility testing of PCs by FACS is a feasible approach. The present data suggest incubating PC samples for 20 to 24 hours at 37 degrees C before testing. For slow-growing bacteria, the incubation period must be prolonged by 1 to 2 days.
Disambiguating authors in academic publications using random forests (2009)

Users of digital libraries usually want to know the exact author or authors of an article. But different authors may share the same names, either as full names or as initials and last names (complete name change examples are not considered here). In such a case, the user would like the digital library to differentiate among these authors. Name disambiguation can help in many cases; one being a user in a search of all articles written by a particular author. Disambiguation also enables better bibliometric analysis by allowing a more accurate counting and grouping of publications and citations. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for pair-wise disambiguation of author names based on a machine learning classification algorithm, random forests. We define a set of similarity profile features to assist in author disambiguation. Our experiments on the Medline database show that the random forest model outperforms other previously proposed techniques such as those using support-vector machines (SVM). In addition, we demonstrate that the variable importance produced by the random forest model can be used in feature selection with little degradation in the disambiguation accuracy. In particular, the inverse document frequency of author last name and the middle name's similarity alone achieves an accuracy of almost 90%.
Fecal Pancreatic Elastase 1 Is Inaccurate in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis (1996)

Many tests are available to assess pancreatic function. The ideal test would be simple and have adequate sensitivity in mild to moderate chronic pancreatitis (MCP) and severe CP (SCP). Fecal pancreatic elastase 1 (FPE1) assay (ScheBo Tech) has been proposed as a reliable test to evaluate pancreatic exocrine function, with sensitivities of up to 100% in diagnosing CP. Cutoff values (microgram/g stool) of < 100 have been suggested as SCP, 100-200 as MCP, and > 200 as normal. The test's ability to detect MCP distinguished by the absence of steatorrhea, and its specificity among various etiologies of malabsorption, has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate this assay in subjects including patients with SCP with steatorrhea, patients with MCP with no steatorrhea, healthy controls, and diseased controls with nonpancreatic malabsorption. Thirty-six subjects [15 healthy controls, 7 malabsorption controls, and 14 subjects with CP (7 MCP, 7 SCP)] had FPE1 assays. One hundred fifty-four assays for FPE1 were run for analysis. The intraassay and interassay intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.93 and 0.90, respectively. All SCP had values of < 100 micrograms/g but more than half of the MCP subjects had FPE1 levels within the normal range. The subjects with nonpancreatic malabsorption had FPE1 values ranging from 55 to > 500 micrograms/g of stool. Although the assay detected SCP with steatorrhea, it did not consistently separate the MCP patients from normals. The majority of those with nonpancreatic malabsorption had false-positive values. These results may differ from previously described data because of the purposeful inclusion of MCP subjects, documented by the lack of steatorrhea, and the inclusion of disease controls with nonpancreatic malabsorption. Although PE1 concentrates in the stool and is not significantly degraded, subtle changes in this enzyme, as in MCP, do not seem to be detectable by this assay. This group continues to be the most difficult group to diagnose clinically.
An Implantable Artificial Lung (1965)

Knowledge and techniques in medicine and surgery have reached such sophistication today that replacement of organs, which formerly seemed impossible, has become a reality. The progress in organ replacement has taken two pathways. One had led to transplantation of viable organs from one person to another, and was made possible, though not consistently successful, by the use of immunosuppressive agents. The other has led to implantation of artificial functioning organs composed entirely of nonliving and inert materials. Use of artificial organs would seem more desirable, since transplantation involves the use of a donor with the attendant problems of availability, ethics, and immune reactions. Although problems have arisen in the development of prosthetic organs, the difficulties are not insurmountable. The search is challenging and must continue. The prosthetic lung presently under consideration is designed not as a replacement for a lung but as a ventilatory booster for patients with diffuse pulmonary
SpaceSense (2012)

Learning an environment can be challenging for people with visual impairments. Braille maps allow their users to understand the spatial relationship between a set of places. However, physical Braille maps are often costly, may not always cover an area of interest with sufficient detail, and might not present up-to-date information. We built a handheld system for representing geographical information called SpaceSense, which includes custom spatial tactile feedback hardware-multiple vibration motors attached to different locations on a mobile touch-screen device. It offers high-level information about the distance and direction towards a destination and bookmarked places through vibrotactile feedback to help the user maintain the spatial relationships between these points. SpaceSense also adapts a summarization technique for online user reviews of public and commercial venues. Our user study shows that participants could build and maintain the spatial relationships between places on a map more accurately with SpaceSense compared to a system without spatial tactile feedback. They pointed specifically to having spatial tactile feedback as the contributing factor in successfully building and maintaining their mental map.
Process factors and performances of recycled plastic-wood fiber composites. (2005)

The influence of the process factors on the physical properties of recycled wood_plastic composite panels was investigated. Three recycled plastics (polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene) and poplar (Populus sp.) fiber were used as the main raw material, and the various process factors such as different kinds of plastics, the mixing ratio between the wood material and its plastic counterpart and hot-pressing temperature were examined. The results show that in terms of desirable properties the preferential order of three plastics is polystyrene, polypropylene and in last place, polyethylene. The mixing ratio between wood and plastics has its best performance at 50/50 wood_plastics ratio. Properties of tensile strength and IB decrease when the wood_plastic ratio is lower and properties of MOR and MOE are weakened when it becomes higher.A hot_pressing temperature of 190℃ is the best among three levels of temperature. MOR, MOE, tensile strength and \%IB\% decrease when temperatures are lower. At extremely high temperature the wood fiber material degrades drastically and starts to seep out.Based on both of the maximum difference analysis and the variance analysis, significance test shows the optimum conditions for recycled plastics/composites to be polystyrene,a wood_plastic ratio of 50/50 and a hot_pressing temperature of 190℃.