gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical Image Processing (2024)

The goal of this book is to facilitate and stimulate cross-disciplinary research in the emerging paradigm of Medical Imaging. Especially this book is to focus on analysing and articulating proven and potential security measures to tightly secure Medical Image applications and services, which are being hosted and delivered through cloud infrastructures and platforms. This book will illustrate the prominent advancements in image processing and how intelligent image-processing techniques can be developed and deployed in the industrial market and for academicians. The readers will get to know all the right and relevant details to be empowered to successfully contribute to their personal and professional growth. The main focus of this book is to bring all the related technologies, novel findings, and managerial applications of Medical Imaging on a single platform to provide great readability, easy understanding, and smooth adaptability of various basic and advanced concepts to Researchers in Medical Engineers, Machine Learning and Data Analysis.
IL-8 and IDO Expression by Human Gingival Fibroblasts via TLRs (2007)

Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), a predominant cell type in tooth-supporting structure, are presently recognized for their active role in the innate immune response. They produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines in response to microbial components such as LPS from the key periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. In this study, we demonstrated that HGFs expressed mRNA of TLRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9, but not TLRs 7, 8, and 10. Stimulation of HGFs with highly purified TLR2 ligand (P. gingivalis LPS), TLR3 ligand (poly(I:C)), TLR4 ligand (Escherichia coli LPS), and TLR5 ligand (Salmonella typhimurium flagellin) led to expression of IL-8 and IDO. A potent TLR 9 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 had no effect, although HGFs showed a detectable TLR9 mRNA expression. No significant enhancement on IL-8 or IDO expression was observed when HGFs were stimulated with various combinations of TLR ligands. Surprisingly, the TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 was able to specifically inhibit poly(I:C)-induced IL-8 and IDO expression. TNF-alpha enhanced TLR ligand-induced IL-8 production in HGFs, whereas IFN-gamma enhanced TLR ligand-induced IDO expression. HGF production of IDO in response to P. gingivalis LPS, IFN-gamma, or the two in combination inhibited T cell proliferation in MLRs. The observed T cell inhibition could be reversed by addition of either 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan or l-tryptophan. Our results suggest an important role of HGFs not only in orchestrating the innate immune response, but also in dampening potentially harmful hyperactive inflammation in periodontal tissue.
Spontaneous mutagenesis of a plant potyvirus genome after insertion of a foreign gene (1993)

The RNA genome of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) was engineered to express bacterial beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fused to the virus helper component proteinase (HC-Pro). It was shown previously that prolonged periods (approximately 1 month) of TEV-GUS propagation in plants resulted in the appearance of spontaneous deletion variants. Nine deletion mutants were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis of 40 cDNA clones obtained after polymerase chain reaction amplification. The mutants were missing between 1,741 and 2,074 nucleotides from TEV-GUS, including the sequences coding for most of GUS and the N-terminal region of HC-Pro. This region of HC-Pro contains determinants involved in helper component activity during aphid transmission, as well as a highly conserved series of cysteine residues. The deletion variants were shown to replicate and move systemically without the aid of a helper virus. Infectious viruses harboring the two largest HC-Pro deletions (termed TEV-2del and TEV-7del) were reconstructed by subcloning the corresponding mutated regions into full-length DNA copies of the TEV genome. Characterization of these and additional variants derived by site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that deletion of sequences coding for the HC-Pro N-terminal domain had a negative effect on accumulation of viral RNA and coat protein. The TEV-2del variant possessed an aphid-nontransmissible phenotype that could be rescued partially by prefeeding of aphids on active HC-Pro from another potyvirus. These data suggest that the N-terminal domain of HC-Pro or its coding sequence enhances virus replication or genome expression but does not provide an activity essential for these processes. The function of this domain, as well as a proposed deletion mechanism involving nonhomologous recombination, is discussed.
Microbial conversion of linoleic and linolenic acids to unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids (1992)

The conversion of oleic acid to 10‐hydroxystearic acid with resting cells of Nocardia cholesterolicum (NRRL 5767) has been previously reported. These same microorganisms also convert linoleic and linolenic acids to 10‐hydroxy‐12 c ‐octadecenoic and 10‐hydroxy‐12 c ,15 c ‐octadecadienoic acids, respectively. The reaction occurs best at 35°C and a pH of 6.5. Under optimum conditions, 75–80% of the unsaturated fatty acid substrate is converted to the corresponding hydroxy acid. The hydroxy products were characterized by gas chromatography, gas chromatographymass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Other microorganisms that successfully converted these substrates include another strain of Nocardia cholesterolicum (NRRL 5768) and Nocardia sp. (NRRL 5636).
S‐phase fraction of human brain tumors <i>in situ</i> measured by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine (1986)

One hundred fifty-four patients with brain tumors of various types were given an intravenous infusion of the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 200 mg/m2, at the time of surgery but before biopsy of the tumor to label S-phase cells. Excised tumor specimens were fixed, sectioned, and stained by immunoperoxidase methods to detect BUdR. The labelling index (LI), or percentage of BUdR-labelled cells, was calculated for each tumor specimen. The LIs of glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, and most highly anaplastic astrocytomas were 5% to 20%. The majority of moderately anaplastic astrocytomas showed LIs of less than 1%, but 30% of them had LIs similar to those of highly malignant gliomas. Most pituitary adenomas and neurinomas showed LIs of less than 1%. Nonmalignant meningiomas had LIs of less than 1%, whereas malignant meningiomas had LIs higher than 2.7%. This is an important observation, because malignant meningiomas are not well-defined histopathologically and their growth rate and rate of recurrence cannot be predicted by current diagnostic procedures. By estimating the proliferative potential of individual tumors more precisely, the BUdR LI supplements histopathological diagnosis, allowing a more accurate estimate of prognosis and facilitating the design of treatment regimens for individual patients.
Energy-saving techniques for low-power graphics processing unit (2008)

This paper presents a graphics processing unit with energy-saving techniques. Several techniques and architectures are proposed to achieve high performance with low power consumption. First of all, low power core pipeline is designed with 2-issue VLIW architecture to reduce power consumption while achieving the processing capability of 400MFLOPS or 800MOPS. In addition, inter/intra adaptive mutli-threading scheme can increase the performance by increasing hardware utilization, and the proposed configurable memory array architecture can reduce off-chip memory accessing frequency by caching both input data and output results. Furthermore, for graphics applications, a geometry-content-aware technique called early-rejection-after-transformation is proposed to remove redundant operations for invisible triangles. As for circuit level power reduction, power-aware frequency scaling is proposed to further reduce the power consumption.
Submicrometer Electron-Beam Direct Writing Technology for 1-Mbit DRAM Fabrication (1985)

A 1-Mbit DRAM with 0.5-/spl mu/m minimum linewidth is fabricated using variable shaped e-beam direct writing technology. A simple linewidth control technique using newly developed submicrometer resists is developed to achieve high resolution and better linewidth accuracy. In addition, a highly accurate registration technique is developed to ensure required overlay. These techniques are successfully used to achieve overlay accuracy of 0.04 /spl mu/m(sigma) and linewidth deviation of 0.018 /spl mu/m(sigma) in the fabrication.
Synthesis of epoxy-amine multiacrylic prepolymers by reactive extrusion (1996)

Epoxy-amine multiacrylic prepolymers were prepared by reactive extrusion using a one-step competitive reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with diamines. The technical and chemical limitations of the process were analyzed through a reactive extrusion diagram. Diphenyl was used as a tracer for residence time distribution (RTD) studies. Extrusion parameter analysis showed that the reactions are kinetically controlled and that an increase in reaction temperature leads to higher residence time and broader distributions. At constant temperature, we found a linear evolution of the average residence time (tm) with kneading disk blocks and left-handed screw element length. The structure of the obtained oligomers was analyzed using a conversion distribution concept. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Opto-mechanical Accelerometer Based On Strain Sensing By A Bragg Grating In A Planar Waveguide (2005)

Abstract In this paper we present an opto-mechanical sensor based on a Bragg grating as the strain-sensing element. The motivation for choosing this alternative way of strain sensing is that the sensed information is directly encoded into a wavelength, which is an absolute parameter insensitive to typical intensity and phase noise. Recently, it has been shown that fibre-optic strain sensors based on this technique are capable of resolving dynamic strain down to 0.6 × 10 −9 ( Hz ) −1 2 . To demonstrate that this new detection principle can also be used for high-performance microsensors, we have chosen to fabricate a silicon opto-mechanical accelerometer based on strain sensing by a Bragg grating in a planar waveguide. The fabrication of the accelerometer includes KOH wet etching of (110) silicon, controlling stress in PECVD glass waveguides and direct UV writing of Bragg gratings.
Properties of carbon-doped GaN (2001)

The properties of carbon-doped GaN epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy have been studied by temperature-dependent resistivity, Hall-effect measurements, x-ray diffraction, and by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Carbon doping was found to render the GaN layers highly resistive (&gt;108 Ω cm) and quench the band edge excitonic emissions. Yellow luminescence is still present in carbon-doped GaN layers. The highly resistive state is interpreted as being caused by direct compensation by the carbon acceptors and by the consequently enhanced potential barrier at the subgrain boundaries. Evidence of dislocations joining to form potential barriers along the subgrain boundaries was observed in photoassisted wet etching experiments on electrically conducting GaN layers. GaN films grown on insulating carbon-doped base layers are of excellent transport and optical properties.
Track position dependence of performance attributes in permanent magnet biased MR/SAL heads (1996)

The cross track performance of permanent magnet biased MR/SAL heads for high density magnetic recording is investigated. Two designs using different methods to define the read width (with and without inactive MR wing regions under the conductors) are fabricated and compared. The design with the wings is easier to manufacture than the other design, but it has some shortfalls that limit its cross track performance. The cross track characteristics such as servo capability and side reading range can be affected significantly by the design and sensor stripe height. A 3-dimensional micromagnetic model and servo calculations are utilized to understand the cross track behavior of the two designs and the impact on system performance. The influence of top pole curvature due to the underlying conductor topography in the read head on the cross track profile is also studied.
Functional embedded RF circuits on multi-layer printed wiring board (PWB) process (2005)

For getting more economy and smaller electronic products, technology of system in package (SiP) could complement the technology of system on a chip (SoC) perfectly. About SiP technology, we chose integral substrate technology to realize embedded passives, and used fine process such as high density interconnection (HDI) technology with a special dielectric material to achieve specific circuit functions. The special material is a high dielectric constant (Hi-DK; DK>40 @ 1GHz) material, which is suitable for Multi-Layer Printed Wiring Board (PWB) lamination process, and it was used to fulfill embedded capacitors. In the past years, we had utilized the technology to design Bluetooth/sup TM/ module, or other RF circuits. Furthermore, this technology is more economy than any other SiP processes, like Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) substrate or silicon substrate, because it bases on the conventional PCB process. In this paper, we introduce not only the embedded capacitors but also some functional embedded passives in RF front-end circuits design on the Hi-DK organic substrate. Moreover, the RF front-end circuits include some functional passive elements: band pass filter, balun, and antenna, etc. Thus, in high frequency circuits, this kind organic substrate can reduce the module size, and in high-speed digital circuits, it also provides inexpensive decoupling capacitors. In the future, we will use this cost-effective technology to design analog and digital circuits on the same board, and the technology of SiP and SoC can be co-designed.
Illumination from space with orbiting solar-reflector spacecraft (1982)

The feasibility of using orbiting mirrors to reflect sunlight to Earth for several illumination applications is studied. A constellation of sixteen 1 km solar reflector spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit can illuminate a region 333 km in diameter to 8 lux, which is brighter than most existing expressway lighting systems. This constellation can serve one region all night long or can provide illumination during mornings and evenings to five regions across the United States. Preliminary cost estimates indicate such an endeavor is economically feasible. The studies also explain how two solar reflectors can illuminate the in-orbit nighttime operations of Space Shuttle. An unfurlable, 1 km diameter solar reflector spacecraft design concept was derived. This spacecraft can be packaged in the Space, Shuttle, transported to low Earth orbit, unfurled, and solar sailed to operational orbits up to geosynchronous. The necessary technical studies and improvements in technology are described, and potential environmental concerns are discussed.
A new Epstein-Barr virus transactivator, R, induces expression of a cytoplasmic early antigen (1988)

Several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early promoters respond to a new EBV transactivator encoded by BRLF1, designated R. Transactivation was measured in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays on Raji, BHK, and Vero cells that were cotransfected with the transactivator and target promoters linked to the cat gene. The divergent promoter of BamHI-H was particularly responsive to R transactivation. This large promoter region consists of a leftward TATA box for the NotI repeat gene (BHLF1) and a probable rightward TATA box for the EA-R gene (BHRF1) separated by 940 base pairs of unusual sequence complexity. Sequences within this divergent promoter region appear to confer inducibility by EBV transactivators R and Z (BZLF1). The Z transactivator stimulated expression in both the leftward and rightward directions, and R stimulated expression primarily in the rightward direction, but the MS transactivator (BMLF1) had no activity in either direction. The adenovirus E3 promoter also responded to the R transactivator, but several other herpesvirus and human promoters were nonresponsive. When the divergent promoter was linked to the EA-R gene as it is in the EBV genome, the R and Z transactivators also induced the expression of EA-R in cotransfected cells. This cytoplasmic early antigen is encoded by BHRF1 and may be anchored in intracellular membranes by a carboxy-terminal transmembrane region.
Identification and preliminary phytochemical analysis of herbs that can arrest threatened miscarriage in Orba and Nsukka towns of Enugu State (2008)

Identification and preliminary phytochemical analysis of herbal plants that are used in arresting threatened miscarriage in Orba and Nsukka towns of Enugu State were investigated. The species identified include Corchorus olitorius, Chrysophyllum albidum synonym, Gambeya albida, Carica papaya, Newbouldia laevis, Sida acuta, Ceiba pentandra, Ricinodendron heudelotti and Heliotropium indicum. The preliminary phytochemical analysis detected the presence of carbohydrate, reducing sugar, alkaloids, glycoside, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, resin, proteins, oil, steroids, terpenoids and acidic compounds.

	 

	Key words: Identification, preliminary, phytochemical analysis, herbs, threatened miscarriage.
Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Oxide as an Effective Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Devices (2017)

We have developed a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for depositing crystalline and phase pure spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) films at 120 °C using [Co(tBu2DAD)2] and ozone as coreagent. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis were performed to characterize the structure and properties of the films. The as-deposited Co3O4 films are crystalline with a low amount of impurities (<2% C and <5% H) despite low deposition temperatures. Deposition of Co3O4 onto thin TiO2 photoanodes (100 nm) for water oxidation resulted in 30% improvement of photocurrent (after 10 ALD cycles yielding small Co3O4 particles) as compared to pristine TiO2 films), and exhibited no detrimental effects on photocurrent response up to 300 deposition cycles (approximately 35 nm thick films), demonstrating the applicability of the developed ALD process for deposition of effective catalyst particles and layers in photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices.
An Experimental Study of Large-scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (2019)

The recently proposed Scalable Approach Based on Hierarchical Decomposition (SAHiD) has shown its superiority on large-scale capacitated arc routing problems (CARP) in terms of both computational efficiency and solution quality. The main idea of SAHiD is that the underlying Hierarchical decomposition (HD) scheme is able to efficiently obtain a good permutation of tasks for CARP in a hierarchical divide-and-conquer way, where both the number and size of subproblems can be kept in tractable for large-scale problems with thousands of tasks. Motivated by the frequent observations of the similarity between CARP and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), the HD scheme and SAHiD algorithm are expected to work well on CVRPs. This paper applies SAHiD to large-scale CVRPs and discovers that SAHiD does not work as well as expected on large-scale CVRP. Possible reasons for this are given after extensive experimental studies. Two directions for improving SAHiD on large-scale CVRP are pointed out.
[Non-linear variability of maternal cardiac rhythm and prognostication of pathological pregnancy outcome]. (2009)

Some indices of non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) in pregnant women were assessed with reference to early diagnosis of gestational pathology. It was shown that simultaneous decrease of approximate entropy (ApEn) as low as 1.96 and increase of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) parameter of more than 0.85 are associated with the development of severe complications of pregnancy in 75% of the cases examined between 16 and 23 weeks. The informative value of isolated DFA index is twice that of ApEn. Combined use of DFA and ApEn indices of non-linear HRV ensures a 12 times higher probability of correct prognosis of obstetric pathology compared with theoretical (apriori) probability.
A Sensitive and Selective Nitrite Detection in Water Using Graphene/Platinum Nanocomposite (2016)

Abstract A glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and platinum nanocomposite film was developed simply by electrochemical method for the sensitive and selective detection of nitrite in water. The electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) efficiently eliminates oxygen‐containing functional groups. Pt nanoparticles were electrochemically and homogeneously deposited on the ErGO surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to examine the surface morphology and electrocatalytic properties of the Pt‐ErGO nanocomposite film‐modified electrode surface. The fabricated nitrite sensor showed good electrochemical performance with two linear ranges; one from 5 to 100 µM (R 2 =0.9995) and the other from 100 to 1000 µM (R 2 =0.9972) and a detection limit of 0.22 µM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the detection of nitrite in tap water samples which proves performance of the Pt‐ErGO nanocomposite films.
The Transmission of Pictures Over Telephone Lines (1925)

THE problem of directly transmitting drawings, figures and photographs from one point to another by means of electricity has long attracted the attention and curiosity of scientists and engineers.1 The broad principles of picture transmission have been recognized for many years. Their reduction to successful practice, however, required, among other things, the perfection of methods for the faithful transmission of electrical signals to long distances, and the development of special apparatus and methods which have become a part of the communication art only within the last few years. Prominent among the newer developments which have facilitated picture transmission are the photoelectric cell, the vacuum tube amplifier, electrical filters, and the use of carrier currents.
[Nutritional studies in a commune of Lazio. Anthropometric data and food consumption in childhood]. (1992)

The present study concerns with anthropometric and nutritional data collected in the school population of a small rural town in Lazio. We studied 368 school-children of both sexes, belonging to the following age groups: from 7 to 8 years, 9 to 10 years, 11 to 12 years, 13 to 14 years. The technique of evaluation of obesity used in this paper is: weight 20% higher than the height-adjusted figure according to NCHS's curves and triceps skinfold higher than 90 degrees centile according to Tanner's curves. Dietary intake was assessed by a "24 hour-recall" on three consecutive days one of which of holiday. The prevalence of obesity is 17.7%. In all the age groups daily caloric intake is adjusted to that recommended by Italian 1987 Larn. On the other hand the single nutrient's assumption shows important differences from Larn. Particularly in all the age groups daily protein intake is high (14.6%-15.8% of the energy in a day), with an increased animal-vegetable protein ratio (1.5-2.1). Dietary lipids are higher than 35.9% of day's energy (35.9%-39.5%); the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio is low (0.3-0.5). Cholesterol in the diet (231-347 mg/day) exceeds the level recommended. The daily intake of total carbohydrates (45.3%-48.5%) is low. Crude fiber intake increases with age from 2.8 g to 4.5 g/day. There is no statistical difference between obese and not obese subjects for what concerns energy intake or single nutrient's assumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)