gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buffer system for optical storage system (1997)

The optical storage device has been put into practical use as an ultimate high capacity, low cost per bit, removable and reliable information recording device. But it has the disadvantage of slow speed compared with magnetic disks. In order to improve the data transfer rate of the optical storage subsystem, and to enhance the overall data throughput of the system, the authors propose a new optical storage system architecture, which is a combination of an array of optical storage devices and a plurality of buffers coupled to a separate optical storage device. For scheduling of the buffer, they use the technique of the Ping-Pong buffer and the tagged elevator write back as the destage algorithm. The performance of the optical storage system is dramatically enhanced, especially for small writes.
Factors involved in enzyme-linked immunoassay of viruses and evaluation of the method for identification of enteroviruses (1979)

A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for identification of selected enteroviruses: poliovirus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackievirus A type 9, and coxsackievirus B types 1 through 6. Partially purified viral antigens or virus-specific antibodies were adsorbed to polystyrene spectrophotometer cuvettes, which permitted the assays to be reported and compared in terms of enzyme units specifically reacting. Both the adsorbed antigen and the adsorbed antibody methods were approximately equal in terms of sensitivity and specificity of reaction. By use [14C]leucine-labeled enteroviruses, the amount of virus that bound to the plastics used was shown to be dependent on the purity of the virus preparation used, but it was higher than the amount that was bound by plastics coated with viral antibody. Diluents which contained 0.15% (vol/vol) Tween 20 and 2.0% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, were found to be the most effective in inhibiting nonspecific adsorption of immunoreagents. However, the presence of these inhibitors in phosphate-buffered saline solutions also caused desorption of virus or viral antibody during immunoassays; the amount of virus desorption varied with the type of preparation used, and antibody desorption was dependent on the concentration of antibody initially used for adsorption. For specific identification of a given enterovirus type by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method used, approximately 10(5) plaque-forming units of virus per assay tube were required.
A Novel Test for IGT Utilizing Metabolite Markers of Glucose Tolerance (2014)

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the only method to diagnose patients having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), but its use has diminished considerably in recent years. Metabolomic profiling studies have identified a number of metabolites whose fasting levels are associated with dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes. These metabolites may serve as the basis of an alternative test for IGT. Using the stable isotope dilution technique, quantitative assays were developed for 23 candidate biomarker metabolites. These metabolites were measured in fasting plasma samples taken just prior to an OGTT from 1623 nondiabetic subjects: 955 from the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease Study (RISC Study; 11.7% IGT) and 668 subjects from the Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Health Initiative (DMVhi) cohort from the DEXLIFE project (11.8% IGT). The associations between metabolites, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters and 2hPG values were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients and Random Forest classification analysis to rank variables for their ability to distinguish IGT from normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Multivariate logistic regression models for estimating risk of IGT were developed and evaluated using AUCs calculated from the corresponding ROC curves. A model based on the fasting plasma levels of glucose, α-hydroxybutyric acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid, linoleoylglycerophosphocholine, oleic acid, serine and vitamin B5 was optimized in the RISC cohort (AUC = 0.82) and validated in the DMVhi cohort (AUC = 0.83). A novel, all-metabolite-based test is shown to be a discriminate marker of IGT. It requires only a single fasted blood draw and may serve as a more convenient surrogate for the OGTT or as a means of identifying subjects likely to be IGT.
The Role of TRP Channels in Sensory Neurons (2004)

Two parallel processes characterize the contemporary pain field. Firstly, enormous progress is being made in the discovery of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of pain and secondly, there is a growing appreciation that multiple mechanisms contribute to common clinical pain syndromes. The aim of this chapter is to provide a short overview how transient receptor potential (TRP) channels could contribute to acute and chronic pain states. TRP channels of the vanilloid family (TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4) are excited by heat stimuli whereas TRPM8 and ANKTM1 are cold responsive. TRPV1 and ANKTM1 are mediating the pungency of nociceptor-specific chemicals such as capsaicin or mustard oil. Sensitization of TRPV1 is an important mechanisms for heat hyperalgesia and thus the generation of chronic pain symptoms.
Novel approaches to epilepsy treatment (2012)

The aim of epilepsy treatment is to achieve complete seizure freedom. Nonetheless, numerous side effects and seizure resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affecting about 30-40% of all patients are main unmet needs in today's epileptology. For this reason, novel approaches to treat epilepsy are highly needed. Herein, we highlight recent progress in stem-cell-based and gene transfer-based therapies in epilepsy according to findings in animal models and address their potential clinical application. Multiple therapeutic targets are described, including neuropeptides, neurotrophic factors, and inhibitory neurotransmitters. We also address new molecular-genetic approaches utilizing optogenetic technology. The therapeutic strategies presented herein are predominately aimed toward treatment of partial/focal epilepsies, but could also be envisaged for targeting key seizure propagation areas in the brain. These novel strategies provide proof-of-principle for developing effective treatments for refractory epilepsy in the foreseeable future.
Shoot and Root Temperature Effects on Lettuce Growth in a Floating Hydroponic System (1998)

`Ostinata' Butterhead lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) was used to study lettuce production at varied shoot (air) and root (pond) temperatures. A floating hydroponic system was used to study the influence of pond temperature on lettuce growth for 35 days. Pond water temperature setpoints of 17, 24, and 31 °C were used at air temperatures of 17/12, 24/19, and 31/26 °C (day/night). Pond temperature affected plant dry mass, and air temperature significantly affected growth over time. Maximum dry mass was produced at the 24/24 °C (air/pond temperature) treatment. Final dry mass at the 31/24 °C treatment did not differ significantly from the 24/24 °C treatment. The 24 °C pond treatment maintained market quality lettuce head production in 31 °C air. Using optimal pond temperature, lettuce production was deemed acceptable at a variety of air temperatures outside the normal range, and particularly at high air temperatures.
RGBD temporal resampling for real-time occlusion removal (2019)

Occlusions disrupt the visualization of an object of interest, or target, in a real world scene. Video inpainting removes occlusions from a video stream by cutting out occluders and filling in with a plausible visualization of the object, but the approach is too slow for real-time performance. In this paper, we present a method for realtime occlusion removal in the visualization of a real world scene that is captured with an RGBD stream. Our pipeline segments the current RGBD frame to find the target and the occluders, searches for the best matching disoccluded view of the target in an earlier frame, computes a mapping between the target in the current frame and the target in the best matching frame, inpaints the missing pixels of the target in the current frame by resampling from the earlier frame, and visualizes the disoccluded target in the current frame. We demonstrate our method in the case of a walking human occluded by stationary or walking humans. Our method does not rely on a known 2D or 3D model of the target or of the occluders, and therefore it generalizes to other shapes. Our method runs at an interactive frame rate of 30fps.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL EXPANSION OF SUBSTITUTED COPPER ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES (1983)

Abstract Die Einflüsse verschiedener Komponenten auf den geringen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von Cu 2 O‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 ‐Gläsern wird untersucht.
Multi-view deep learning for consistent semantic mapping with RGB-D cameras (2017)

Visual scene understanding is an important capability that enables robots to purposefully act in their environment. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network approach to predict semantic segmentation from RGB-D sequences. The key innovation is to train our network to predict multi-view consistent semantics in a self-supervised way. At test time, its semantics predictions can be fused more consistently in semantic keyframe maps than predictions of a network trained on individual views. We base our network architecture on a recent single-view deep learning approach to RGB and depth fusion for semantic object-class segmentation and enhance it with multi-scale loss minimization. We obtain the camera trajectory using RGB-D SLAM and warp the predictions of RGB-D images into ground-truth annotated frames in order to enforce multi-view consistency during training. At test time, predictions from multiple views are fused into keyframes. We propose and analyze several methods for enforcing multi-view consistency during training and testing. We evaluate the benefit of multi-view consistency training and demonstrate that pooling of deep features and fusion over multiple views outperforms single-view baselines on the NYUDv2 benchmark for semantic segmentation. Our end-to-end trained network achieves state-of-the-art performance on the NYUDv2 dataset in single-view segmentation as well as multi-view semantic fusion.
Adaptive bilateral filter for improved in-loop filtering in the emerging high efficiency video coding standard (2012)

To face the still growing video compression needs, ITU and MPEG have jointly started a standardization project called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) which aims to improve the compression efficiency of the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC standard for high and ultra high definition video. The HEVC codec still relies on the usual motion compensated, predictive, block based transform coding architecture with block sizes higher than 8×8 being now considered. Furthermore, the codec is also equipped with a Wiener in-loop filter which, together with the H.264/AVC deblocking filter, further reduces the distortion between the original and decoded frames introduced by lossy coding. While this filter allows indeed reducing the sum of square differences between the original and reconstructed frames, it is not specifically designed to reduce the ringing artifacts resulting from the use of large transform block sizes. In this context, this paper proposes to combine an adaptive bilateral filter together with the HEVC Wiener filter. The proposed combined filter allows an average bitrate reduction of about 7% regarding the HEVC codec without the Wiener filter and a 1.5% reduction regarding the HEVC codec with only the Wiener filter, always for the same quality. Moreover, the combined filter also reduces the ringing artifacts according to an objective metric specifically designed to quantify this type of coding artifact.
Dynamic Control of ROVs Making Use of the Neural Network Concept (1994)

An attempt is made to combine the classical controller with the concept of neural network, the result of which is a control system that they have named the Robust Adaptive Neural-net Controller (RANC). The RANC identifies the dynamic characteristics of the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) including its ambient environment involving cyclic disturbances such as forces induced by waves, and organizes automatically an optimized controller. A tank experiment is described in which the RANC is set to maintain a model ROV at a prescribed depth of water under artificially generated wave disturbance.
Involvement of Rho-Kinase in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertrophy of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is now believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Several G(i)- and G(q)-coupled receptors, including the Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor, activate Rho and Rho-associated kinase in Swiss 3T3 cells and cardiac myocytes. However, little is known about the role of Rho-kinase in Ang II-induced vascular hypertrophy in VSMCs. In the present study, we explored the role of Rho and Rho-kinase in Ang II-induced protein synthesis in VSMCs. In unstimulated cells, RhoA was observed predominantly in the cytosolic fraction, but it was translocated in part to the particulate fraction in response to Ang II (100 nmol/L). This effect was completely blocked by the AT(1) receptor blocker candesartan but not by the Ang II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor antagonist PD123319. Botulinum C(3) exoenzyme, which inactivated RhoA, attenuated Ang II-induced [(3)H]leucine incorporation. The specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, dose-dependently abolished Ang II-induced protein synthesis and also suppressed Ang II-induced c-fos mRNA expression. On the other hand, Y-27632 had no effect on Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, which are reported to be involved in Ang II-induced protein synthesis, nor had it any effect on the Ang II-induced phosphorylation of PHAS-I, a heat- and acid-stable eIF-4E-binding protein. The phosphorylation of PHAS-I is regulating for translation initiation. These observations suggest that the Rho, Rho-kinase, and c-fos pathways may play a role in Ang II-induced hypertrophic changes of VSMCs through a novel pathway.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Stem Cell Therapy (2014)

The loss of neuronal cells in the central nervous system may occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a common senile disease in people over 65 years, and it causes impairment characterized by the decline of mental function, including memory loss and cognitive impairment, and affects the quality of life of patients. However, the current therapeutic strategies against AD are only to relieve symptoms, but not to cure it. Because there are only a few therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease, we need to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Cell therapy may be a powerful tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review will discuss the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease and various available therapeutic strategies.
γ2-Adaptin, a Novel Ubiquitin-interacting Adaptor, and Nedd4 Ubiquitin Ligase Control Hepatitis B Virus Maturation (2006)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) budding from infected cells is a tightly regulated process that requires both core and envelope structures. Here we report that HBV uses cellular gamma2-adaptin and Nedd4, possibly in conjunction with ubiquitin, to coordinate its assembly and release. In search of interaction partners of the viral L envelope protein, we previously discovered gamma2-adaptin, a putative endosomal sorting and trafficking adaptor of the adaptor protein complex family. We now demonstrate that the viral core interacts with the same gamma2-adaptor and that disruption of the HBV/gamma2-adaptin interactions inhibits virus production. Mutational analyses revealed a hitherto unknown ubiquitin-binding activity of gamma2-adaptin, specified by a ubiquitin-interacting motif, which contributes to its interaction with core. For core, the lysine residue at position 96, a potential target for ubiquitination, was identified to be essential for both gamma2-adaptin-recognition and virus production. The participation of the cellular ubiquitin system in HBV assembly was further suggested by our finding that core interacts with the endosomal ubiquitin ligase Nedd4, partly via its late domain-like PPAY sequence. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive Nedd4 mutant diminished HBV egress, indicating that protein ubiquitination is functionally involved in virus production. Additional evidence for a link of HBV assembly to the endosomal machinery was provided by immunolabeling studies that demonstrated colocalization of core and L with gamma2-adaptin in compartments positive for the late endosomal marker CD63. Together, these data indicate that an enveloped DNA virus exploits a new ubiquitin receptor together with endosomal pathway functions for egress from hepatocytes.
Suppression of V/sub th/ fluctuation by minimizing transient enhanced diffusion for deep sub-quarter micron MOSFET (2002)

It is revealed that the threshold voltage (V/sub th/) fluctuation in deep sub-quarter micron nMOSFETs is due more to variation of channel impurity concentration than to variation of gate length or oxide thickness. This is because the transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of the channel impurity becomes significant when the concentration of the interstitial Si atoms increases as gate length decrease. A rapid thermal annealing process, which minimizes the TED, is very effective in suppressing the V/sub th/ fluctuation.
Early spectral changes of cellular malignant transformation using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (2007)

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) is potentially a powerful analytical method for identifying the spectral properties of biological activity in cells. The goal of the present research is the implementation of FTIR-MSP to study early spectral changes accompanying malignant transformation of cells. As a model system, cells in culture are infected by the murine sarcoma virus (MuSV), which induces malignant transformation. The spectral measurements are taken at various postinfection time intervals. To follow up systematically the progress of the spectral changes at early stages of cell transformation, it is essential first to determine and validate consistent and significant spectral parameters (biomarkers), which can evidently discriminate between normal and cancerous cells. Early stages of cell transformation are classified by an array of spectral biomarkers utilizing cluster analysis and discriminant classification function techniques. The classifications indicate that the first spectral changes are detectable much earlier than the first morphological signs of cell transformation. Our results point out that the first spectral signs of malignant transformation are observed on the first and third day of postinfection (PI) (for NIH/3T3 and MEF cell cultures, respectively), while the first visible morphological alterations are observed only on the third and seventh day, respectively. These results strongly support the potential of developing FTIR microspectroscopy as a simple, reagent-free method for early detection of malignancy.
Probing the nonlinear structure of general relativity with black hole binaries (2006)

Observations of the inspiral of massive binary black holes (BBH) in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and stellar mass binary black holes in the European Gravitational Wave Observatory (EGO) offer an unique opportunity to test the nonlinear structure of general relativity. For a binary composed of two nonspinning black holes, the nonlinear general relativistic effects depend only on the masses of the constituents. In a recent paper, we explored the possibility of a test to determine all the post-Newtonian coefficients in the gravitational wave phasing. However, mutual covariances dilute the effectiveness of such a test. In this paper, we propose a more powerful test in which the various post-Newtonian coefficients in the gravitational wave phasing are systematically measured by treating three of them as independent parameters and demanding their mutual consistency. LISA (EGO) will observe BBH inspirals with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 1000 (100) and thereby test the self-consistency of each of the nine post-Newtonian coefficients that have so-far been computed, by measuring the lower order coefficients to a relative accuracy of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ (respectively, $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$) and the higher order coefficients to a relative accuracy in the range ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\ensuremath{-}0.1$ (respectively, ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\ensuremath{-}1$).
Quantitative detection of human chorionic gonadotropin antigen via immunogold chromatographic test strips (2013)

An immunogold chromatographic assay was developed for quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) antigen. The monoclonal antibody to beta-HCG antigen (Mab II) conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were sprayed onto a conjugation pad for specific binding with the target protein to form an immunocomplex. The monoclonal antibody to alfa-HCG antigen (Mab I) was immobilized on the test line (T zone) of the nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane) to capture the immunocomplex of gold nanoparticle labeled Mab II and HCG protein. Therefore, GNPs would aggregate on the test line of the NC membrane in the presence of HCG, which could be easily distinguished by the naked-eye. As for quantitative detection, the gray value of the red color in the T zone was proportional to the corresponding sample concentration. The gray value versus logarithm concentration curve presented a good linear relationship in the range of 10–600 ng mL−1. The duration of the assay was within 15 min and no professional large-scale analytical instrument was necessary for quantification. When applied in human serum analysis, the strips could reach the requirements of the clinic tests.
'Exotic Bradshaws' or Australian 'Gwion': An Archaeological Test (2004)

'Bradshaw', Aboriginal rock-art figures in the Kimberley, recently have become a focus of increased interest and publication. We discuss six recent pieces of work relevant to the suggestion that they are of exotic, rather than Australian, origin. We present robust evidence of their Aboriginality.
Chlorophenols (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 3.1. Reactions of the Hydroxyl Group 3.2. Electrophilic Substitution of the Aromatic Ring 3.3. Nucleophilic Substitution of the Aromatic Ring 3.4. Oxidation Reactions 4. Production 4.1. Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with no Chlorine in a Meta Position; Tetrachlorophenols; and Pentachlorophenol 4.2. Mono-, Di-, and Trichlorophenols with Chlorine in a Meta Position 5. Analysis 6. Quality Specifications 7. Economic Aspects 8. Uses 9. Storage and Transportation 10. Environmental Considerations 10.1. Toxicity to Fauna and Flora 10.2. Persistence in the Environment 11. Toxicology
Intracoronary Autologous Cardiac Progenitor Cell Transfer in Patients With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01273857.