gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The prediction of defibrillation outcome using time-frequency power spectrum methods (2005)

A study was conducted to investigate the use of time-frequency methods to predict the outcome of defibrillation for patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation. Both wavelet transform and short time Fourier transform methods were applied to extract characteristic features from a data base of pre-shock signals. A Bayes classifier was developed for classifying between those outcomes where a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved and those where it was not (NOROSC). Probability distribution functions were estimated using multidimensional histogram and Gaussian kernel smoothing techniques. Cross validation was employed to improve the confidence of results. Three formats of feature sets including the original feature sets, normalised feature sets, and principal component analysis (PCA) feature sets were used in the classification. The optimal pre-shock length and temporal location were investigated. In related studies the a posterior probability function was employed to indicate the probability of successful shock (PROSC) and the effect of wavelet central frequency was also studied.The best classification performance for the original, normalised, and PCA feature sets were 58±2% specificity at 90±4% sensitivity, 59±3% specificity at 90±4% sensitivity, and 56±3% specificity at 92±4% sensitivity respectively. Overall it was found that the analysis employing time-frequency-based methods improved the performance of shock outcome prediction when compared to currently available alternative methods.
Biliverdin Rescues the HO-2 Null Mouse Phenotype of Unresolved Chronic Inflammation Following Corneal Epithelial Injury (2011)

PURPOSE. The heme oxygenase system (HO-1 and HO-2) represents an intrinsic cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory pathway based on its ability to modulate leukocyte migration and to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proteins by its products biliverdin/bilirubin and carbon monoxide. Corneal injury in HO-2 null mice leads to impaired healing and chronic inflammatory complications, including ulceration and neovascularization. The authors examined whether topically administered biliverdin can counteract the effects of HO deficiency in a corneal epithelial injury model. METHODS. HO-2 null mice were treated with biliverdin 1 hour before epithelial injury and twice a day thereafter. Reepithelialization and neovascularization were assessed by fluorescein staining and vital microscopy, respectively, and were quantified by image analysis. Inflammation was quantified by histology and Gr-1-specific immunofluorescence, and oxidative stress was assessed by DHE fluorescence. RESULTS. Treatment with biliverdin accelerated wound closure, inhibited neovascularization and reduced epithelial defects. It also reduced inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in the appearance of inflammatory cells and the expression levels of inflammatory and oxidant proteins, including KC and NOXs. CONCLUSIONS. The results clearly show that biliverdin, directly or through its metabolism to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase-the expression of which is increased after injury-rescues the aberrant inflammatory phenotype, further underscoring the importance of the HO system in the cornea for the execution of an ordered inflammatory and reparative response.
From graphite molecules to columnar superstructures – an exercise in nanoscience (2004)

Recent advances in the field of organic molecular electronics include an increasingly significant role of discotic structures based on all-benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PBAHs), reflected by the growing research activities in this field. Progress has profited largely from an iterative approach based on cooperation between synthetic organic chemists and physicists, both in academia and industry. The current paper deals with this class of compounds, describing the preparation of large, yet well-defined, nanoscale PBAH moieties, which then self-assemble to highly ordered, supramolecular arrays with advantageous electronic properties. Progressive miniaturisation leads from thin films as one-dimensional charge-transport layers, to single columns as potential nanowires or data storage elements, to single molecules and nanoscale (opto)electronically active components. The use of ‘large’ (diameter ≥1 nm) disks ensures a columnar arrangement, which can be further modified by peripheral substitution to encode bulk 3-dimensional packing, orientation at interfaces, thermal properties, and processability. Adaptation of processing techniques from solution, melt or the vapour phase plays a crucial role for the (supra)molecular arrangement, which can be controlled from the macroscopic down to the nanometre scale. Finally, the characteristics of each new material can be evaluated in terms of supramolecular order, electronic device performance, single molecule properties, etc. This paper gives a brief overview of synthetic methods and molecular design, followed by evaluation of their columnar structures over various length scales down to nanoscale, processing techniques, and device performance/electrical characterisation.
A chimeric adenovirus with an Ad 3 fiber knob modification augments glioma virotherapy (2009)

CRAd-Survivin-5/3 represents an attractive alternative to existing vectors and should be tested further in the pre-clinical setting.
Low-loss optical channel waveguides in KNbO3 by multiple energy ion implantation (1992)

Permanent optical channel waveguides in single crystals of KNbO3 are formed with low-dose MeV He ion irradiation. A single energy implantation forms a confinement barrier at the projected range of the ions whereas multiple energy implantations combined with a positive shielding mask form the side walls. Guiding modes are produced and propagation losses as low as 1.0 dB/cm are measured without the need for any annealing. The irradiation induced refractive index changes that define the boundaries of the waveguiding channels are made visible with cross-polarized light microscopy.
Improved zero-current transition converters for high power applications (2002)

Existing zero-current transition (ZCT) converters do not solve main switch turn-on problems and require auxiliary switches to be turned off with high current, and therefore are not suitable for high power applications. Novel ZCT schemes proposed in this paper enable all main switches and auxiliary switches to be turned on and off under zero current conditions. The zero-current switching at both turn-on and turn-off not only reduces switching losses significantly, but also eliminates the necessity of passive snubbers due to the much reduced switch stress. The cost of the auxiliary switches can be reduced compared to the existing ZCT schemes due to their zero-current turn-off. The proposed technology is well suited for DC-DC and three-phase converters with IGBTs, MCTs and GTOs. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation and experimental results are presented to explain the proposed schemes.
Measuring the ablation threshold fluence in femtosecond laser micromachining with vortex and Bessel pulses (2018)

Femtosecond laser micromachining holds significant promise for advanced manufacturing, however uptake has been limited by the low processing speed. Altering the beam shape from its typical Gaussian profile has been attempted to improve efficiency, however virtually all reliable methods for quantifying the efficiency assume a Gaussian beam shape. Here, we describe an approach for quantifying the ablation threshold fluence - the key parameter for comparing efficiency - suitable for weakly focused non-Gaussian beams. We successfully demonstrate this method for Bessel and vortex beams, finding that the ablation threshold depends not just on the material, but the beam shape as well.
PERIODATE–PERMANGANATE OXIDATIONS: I. OXIDATION OF OLEFINS (1955)

It was discovered that olefinic double bonds are readily oxidized in an aqueous solution of periodate which contains only catalytic amounts of permanganate. The data suggest that in the effective pH range of 7 to 10 the permanganate is not reduced at once beyond the manganate state and that it is regenerated from this state by periodate action. Evidence was obtained that the main course of the oxidation of an olefin of type —CH=CH— involves first permanganate oxidation to hydroxyketones which are then rapidly cleaved by periodate to products which may subsequently be oxidized by the permanganate.
Electrons in a Periodic Magnetic Field Induced by a Regular Array of Micromagnets (1995)

The deposition of ferromagnetic microstructures on top of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) allows the investigation of electron transport in a periodic magnetic field which alternates on a length scale small compared to the elastic mean free path of the electrons. The longitudinal resistance of the 2DEG displays, as a function of the externally applied field, the long-predicted magnetic commensurability oscillations which result from the interplay between the two characteristic length scales of the system, the classical cyclotron radius ${R}_{c}$ of the electrons and the period $a$ of the magnetic field modulation.
The Consequences of Chromosome Imbalance (1986)

This book considers in detail the mechanisms of a major human problem. Chromosome imbalance affects all stages of life in ways ranging from spontaneous abortion and retardation to behavioural problems and malignancy. Charles J. Epstein concerns himself with how and why a particular chromosome imbalance produces a specific phenotype. His fundamental goal is to connect chromosome aberrations with functional abnormalities in terms of gene expression, developmental and cell biology, and metabolism. Through his examination of this relationship, we learn more about normal development and function. The book begins with an exploration of several human autosomal aneuploid phenotypes, with particular emphasis on the relationship between genotype and phenotype. In the next part, broad theoretical considerations of the mechanisms which generate these phenotypes are examined with reference to studies on man and other organisms such as bacteria and mice. Experimental approaches to study the effects of aneuploidy are presented next with special attention paid to the development of model systems for studying human aneuploidy.
Cooling Energy Consumption Investigation of Data Center IT Room with Vertical Placed Server (2017)

As energy consumption by cooling data center IT equipment can be over 40% of total energy consumption, efficient cooling for large data centers is essential for reducing operation costs. Modern data centers are complex systems involving IT facilities, power system, cooling and ventilation systems. In our previous work, literature study was made to investigate available data center energy consumption models; and energy consumption models for data center IT room with distributed air flow control were developed. In this paper, the models are further extended and developed to cover the combined distributed air flow control and vertical placed servers in raised floor ventilation system. Simulation of the three types of ventilation systems with Even load, Idle server and Uneven load scenarios showed that significant cooling energy consumed by a traditional ventilation system can be saved by applying the proposed new concept and method.
Multiple-Goal Heuristic Search (2006)

This paper presents a new framework for anytime heuristic search where the task is to achieve as many goals as possible within the allocated resources. We show the inadequacy of traditional distance-estimation heuristics for tasks of this type and present alternative heuristics that are more appropriate for multiple-goal search. In particular, we introduce the marginal-utility heuristic, which estimates the cost and the benefit of exploring a subtree below a search node. We developed two methods for online learning of the marginal-utility heuristic. One is based on local similarity of the partial marginal utility of sibling nodes, and the other generalizes marginal-utility over the state feature space. We apply our adaptive and non-adaptive multiple-goal search algorithms to several problems, including focused crawling, and show their superiority over existing methods.
17th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes; Workshop Proceedings (2007)

The National Center for Photovoltaics sponsored the 17th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, held in Vail, CO, August 5-8, 2007. This meeting provided a forum for an informal exchange of technical and scientific information between international researchers in the photovoltaic and relevant non-photovoltaic fields. The theme of this year's meeting was 'Expanding Technology for a Future Powered by Si Photovoltaics.'
D/A conversion based on multiple-input floating-gate MOST (2003)

A Digital-to-Analog conversion technique is introduced, based on the ability of the Multiple-Input Floating Gate MOS (FGMOS) transistors of processing a weighted sum of input voltages. A 6-bit D/A converter designed using this technique is described, and experimental results that verify its operation are provided. Measured DNL and INL were 0.15-LSB and 0.6-LSB, respectively.
Human cytomegalovirus: demonstration of permissive epithelial cells and nonpermissive fibroblastic cells in a survey of human cell lines (1986)

To more clearly define the characteristics which render a cell permissive for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), we screened a panel of human cell lines differing in morphology, ploidy, and extent of differentiation for the ability to sustain productive HCMV replication. Cells were exposed to HCMV at 5 to 20 PFU per cell and examined at 4 to 14 days postinfection to detect the production of infectious virus by a plaque assay and the assembly of progeny virions by electron microscopy. By these criteria, high-titer HCMV replication (10(6) to 10(7) PFU/ml) occurred in a well-differentiated, diploid, epithelial cell line, HCMC, which had been derived from normal human colonic mucosa. In contrast, all aneuploid human cell types proved to be nonpermissive, including a fibroblastic cell line designated HT-144. These results indicate that HCMV replication in cultures is not strictly limited to fibroblasts and conversely that not all human fibroblastic cells are permissive for HCMV. Nonpermissive cell types were further investigated by attempts to chemically induce HCMV replication. Treatment of nonpermissive cell types with 25 to 500 micrograms of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine per ml prior to infection did not convert them to the permissive state. The implications of these findings for the possible mechanisms maintaining the nonpermissive state are discussed.
Investigation of Lignite-Based Bottom Ash for Structural Concrete (1996)

A pilot study was undertaken on the use of lignite-based bottom ash as a fine aggregate in structural grade concrete. Bottom ash is combined with portland cement, crushed limestone coarse aggregate, and water to produce concretes with a uniform slump of 100 mm (4 ± 1/4 in.). Four different mixes with cement contents ranging from 297 to 475 kg/m 3 (500 to 800 lb/yd 3 ) are utilized. The bottom ash concretes are studied for fresh properties, hardened characteristics, and long-term durability. The engineering characteristics of mixtures made with bottom ash are compared with those of conventional concretes in order to evaluate the effectiveness and suitability of bottom ash as a viable fine aggregate in portland cement-based mixtures. Laboratory test results conclude that the inclusion of bottom ash increases the demand for mixing water in obtaining the required workability. As a consequence, both fresh and hardened properties are impacted, particularly for mixtures of low cement content. When a water-reducing admixture is used, the engineering properties of bottom ash concretes are similar, and in most cases superior, to those of control concretes.
4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) Inhibits HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Multiple Mechanisms (2014)

4'-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is a nucleoside analog that, unlike approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, has a 3'-OH and exhibits remarkable potency against wild-type and drug-resistant HIVs. EFdA triphosphate (EFdA-TP) is unique among nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors because it inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with multiple mechanisms. (a) EFdA-TP can block RT as a translocation-defective RT inhibitor that dramatically slows DNA synthesis, acting as a de facto immediate chain terminator. Although non-translocated EFdA-MP-terminated primers can be unblocked, they can be efficiently converted back to the EFdA-MP-terminated form. (b) EFdA-TP can function as a delayed chain terminator, allowing incorporation of an additional dNTP before blocking DNA synthesis. In such cases, EFdA-MP-terminated primers are protected from excision. (c) EFdA-MP can be efficiently misincorporated by RT, leading to mismatched primers that are extremely hard to extend and are also protected from excision. The context of template sequence defines the relative contribution of each mechanism and affects the affinity of EFdA-MP for potential incorporation sites, explaining in part the lack of antagonism between EFdA and tenofovir. Changes in the type of nucleotide before EFdA-MP incorporation can alter its mechanism of inhibition from delayed chain terminator to immediate chain terminator. The versatility of EFdA in inhibiting HIV replication by multiple mechanisms may explain why resistance to EFdA is more difficult to emerge.
Liquid-crystalline cyclic trimers derived from benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1992)

Abstract A new class of structurally complex materials whose constituent molecules are composed of three rod-like units, each attached to a central disc-like unit via a flexible spacer have been synthesized and their phase behaviour investigated. They are found to exhibit a rich and unusual liquid-crystalline polymorphism.
Mathematical Methodology for Analysis of the Adaptive A/D Converter in Combined CW and Gaussian Interference (1984)

The purpose of the present study, a companion paper to that presented by F. Amoroso on Adaptive A/D Converter Performance, is to provide the mathematical basis for the results described in the earlier paper. Emphasis is placed on several algorithms for computation of the distribution function, F(X), of combined CW and Gaussian noise via Fast Fourier Transform and Gaussian quadrature methods, and an explicit series representation of F(X) is provided in terms of gamma and confluent hypergeometric functions. The methodology for relating F(X) to conversion gain, G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , which is the basic performance measure for the A/D converter, is also explored.
Infrared Imaging Using Nonlinear Optical Upconversion (1978)

This paper presents the phenomenology of different approaches to the frequency-shifting (upconversion) of infrared radiation into the visible and discusses the practical aspects of designing systems to upconvert IR images. The recently discovered process of upconverting infrared radiation into the visible or the ultraviolet using two-photon-pumped alkalimetal vapors and the more familiar method of frequency mixing using single-photon-pumped nonlinear crystals are described and compared. In addition to these coherent processes, the use of quantum-counter action in certain crystals to convert an IR photon into a visible photon by an incoherent process is discussed. The important performance parameters of an IR imaging system are discussed briefly and the considerations and constraints involved in the design of coherent and incoherent image upconverter systems are presented. Using this background, practical system designs are developed for both active and passive imaging. The expected performances of these systems are compared with those of IR imaging systems based on direct-detection of IR photons with semiconductor detectors.
Photopatternable Metallopolymers:  Photo-Cross-Linking and Photolithography of Polyferrocenylsilane Methacrylates (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPhotopatternable Metallopolymers: Photo-Cross-Linking and Photolithography of Polyferrocenylsilane MethacrylatesPaul W. Cyr, David A. Rider, Kevin Kulbaba, and Ian MannersView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 11, 3959–3961Publication Date (Web):April 27, 2004Publication History Received12 December 2003Revised4 March 2004Published online27 April 2004Published inissue 1 June 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma035895phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma035895prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Organic compounds,Polymers,Silicon,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Drug policy for visceral leishmaniasis: a cost‐effectiveness analysis (2007)

In areas with >94% response rates to antimonials, generic sodium stibogluconate remains the most cost-effective option for VL treatment, mainly due to low drug cost. In other regions, miltefosine is the most cost-effective option of treatment, but its use as a first-line drug is limited by its teratogenicity and rapid resistance development. AmBisome in mono- or combination therapy is too expensive to compete in cost-effectiveness with the other regimens.
Tightly Coupled 3D Lidar Inertial Odometry and Mapping (2019)

Ego-motion estimation is a fundamental requirement for most mobile robotic applications. By sensor fusion, we can compensate the deficiencies of stand-alone sensors and provide more reliable estimations. We introduce a tightly coupled lidar-IMU fusion method in this paper. By jointly minimizing the cost derived from lidar and IMU measurements, the lidarIMU odometry (LIO) can perform well with considerable drifts after long-term experiment, even in challenging cases where the lidar measurement can be degraded. Besides, to obtain more reliable estimations of the lidar poses, a rotation-constrained refinement algorithm (LIO-mapping) is proposed to further align the lidar poses with the global map. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can estimate the poses of the sensor pair at the IMU update rate with high precision, even under fast motion conditions or with insufficient features.