gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A COMBINED NEURO-FUZZY APPROACH FOR CLASSIFYING IMAGE PIXELS IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS (2005)

This paper is concerned with classifying image pixels into three sets of pixels: contour, regular, and texture. When properly processed, classified images can represent foundations for diagnostic purposes. A neuro-fuzzy approach was used to take advantage of neural network’s ability to learn, and membership degrees and functions of fuzzy logic, respectively. The method is based on the spatial properties of the image features and makes use of multi-scaled representations of the image. A training set was used to create and train the classifier system. The classes were represented as fuzzy sets with degrees of memberships. Each pixel was assigned a degree of membership for each of the three fuzzy subsets. Classified pixels were finally shown as three separate images each representing a set. The method showed high quality classification for images of simple components. This approach would be highly attractive in the biomedical field due to the vast availability of images. K e y w o r d s: image processing, biomedical images, pixel classification, pixel classes, neuro-fuzzy approach
Aldol Condensation of Aldehydes with Ketones Promoted by the Copper(II) Ion. Orientation to the Chemical Model for Metalloaldolases (1976)

Abstract The aldol condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes such as 1 through 4 and 7 through 13, and aliphatic aldehydes such as 5 and 6, with a number of ketones promoted by the copper(II) ion were examined. The reactions were specifically promoted by the copper(II) ion, while such metal ions as zinc, cobalt(II), manganese(II), and magnesium were quite inactive as catalysts. All the aldehydes but 7 and 8 reacted with all the aliphatic ketones except ethyl acetoacetate, acetonitrile, and nitromethane to varying degrees in the Claisen-Schmidt type of reaction. Acetylacetone gave a condensation product of the Knoevenagel type. In the reaction of aldehydes with 2-butanone, aldehydes regiospecifically attacked the methylene group at C3 of 2-butanone. Amines inhibited the reaction, while the coexistence effect of zinc or cobalt(II) was observed. It was shown that there existed a substrate selectivity depending greatly on the kinds of ketones in the reaction promoted by the copper(II) ion. As a consequence, possible intermediates in the reaction were proposed and the relationship of the aldol condensation reaction promoted by the copper(II) ion with the metalloaldolases was discussed, particularly in the light of the role of the metal ions in both catalytic mechanisms.
Pulmonary Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disabling disease of the lung parenchyma, characterized by progressive accumulation of scar tissue and myofibroblast activation after repetitive epithelial microinjury. The therapeutic options are limited, and patients usually die within a few years after diagnosis. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in IPF has been increasingly recognized as a condition with relevance for the overall prognosis. Treatment trials are being designed, but to be effective, it is crucial to better understand the pathobiology of PH in IPF: the traditional concept, that hypoxic vasoconstriction and accumulation of scar tissue are mainly responsible for the development of PH in IPF, has been challenged. Recent studies, including our own in vivo research, suggest that the underlying pathobiology is much more complex, and includes a complicated interaction of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. This interaction seems to be regulated by a large variety of angiogenesis promoters and inhibitors, as well as growth factors. Central components seem to be endothelial apoptosis and growth factor-induced remodeling of the pulmonary artery wall. The present review gives a conceptual overview about known and putative mechanisms that are involved in the development of PH in IPF. This report summarizes currently available therapeutic options, and also translates experimental research to discuss potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies derived from new concepts in pathogenesis.
Aneuploidy correlated 100% with chemical transformation of Chinese hamster cells (1997)

Aneuploidy or chromosome imbalance is the most massive genetic abnormality of cancer cells. It used to be considered the cause of cancer when it was discovered more than 100 years ago. Since the discovery of the gene, the aneuploidy hypothesis has lost ground to the hypothesis that mutation of cellular genes causes cancer. According to this hypothesis, cancers are diploid and aneuploidy is secondary or nonessential. Here we reexamine the aneuploidy hypothesis in view of the fact that nearly all solid cancers are aneuploid, that many carcinogens are nongenotoxic, and that mutated genes from cancer cells do not transform diploid human or animal cells. By regrouping the gene pool-as in speciation-aneuploidy inevitably will alter many genetic programs. This genetic revolution can explain the numerous unique properties of cancer cells, such as invasiveness, dedifferentiation, distinct morphology, and specific surface antigens, much better than gene mutation, which is limited by the conservation of the existing chromosome structure. To determine whether aneuploidy is a cause or a consequence of transformation, we have analyzed the chromosomes of Chinese hamster embryo (CHE) cells transformed in vitro. This system allows (i) detection of transformation within 2 months and thus about 5 months sooner than carcinogenesis and (ii) the generation of many more transformants per cost than carcinogenesis. To minimize mutation of cellular genes, we have used nongenotoxic carcinogens. It was found that 44 out of 44 colonies of CHE cells transformed by benz[a]pyrene, methylcholanthrene, dimethylbenzanthracene, and colcemid, or spontaneously were between 50 and 100% aneuploid. Thus, aneuploidy originated with transformation. Two of two chemically transformed colonies tested were tumorigenic 2 months after inoculation into hamsters. The cells of transformed colonies were heterogeneous in chromosome number, consistent with the hypothesis that aneuploidy can perpetually destabilize the chromosome number because it unbalances the elements of the mitotic apparatus. Considering that all 44 transformed colonies analyzed were aneuploid, and the early association between aneuploidy, transformation, and tumorigenicity, we conclude that aneuploidy is the cause rather than a consequence of transformation.
Polyphonic pitch tracking by example (2011)

We introduce a novel approach for pitch tracking of multiple sources in mixture signals. Unlike traditional approaches to pitch tracking, which explicitly attempt to detect periodicities, this approach is using a learning framework by making use of previously pitch-tagged recordings as training data to teach spectrum/pitch associations. We show how the mixture case of this task is a nearest subspace search problem which is efficiently solved by transforming it to an overcomplete sparse coding formulation. We demonstrate the use of this algorithm with real mixtures ranging from solo up to a quintet recordings.
Dynamic sensitivity and control analyses of metabolic insulin signalling pathways (2009)

The authors have applied the dynamic sensitivity and control analyses to study the GLUT4 metabolic insulin signalling pathways, based on the models developed by Sedaghat et al. They have calculated the time-dependent sensitivities of the concentration of the membrane GLUT4 with respect to all reaction parameters (reaction rate constants and initial concentrations of the effectors). These time-dependent sensitivities provide dynamic information about pathways, in particular, the separate roles of the negative and positive feedbacks in the network. In addition, the integrated sensitivities of the membrane GLUT4 have been used to rank the potential drug targets according to the accumulated influence of each reaction rate or initial concentration on the membrane GLUT4. The results are consistent with experimental facts and predictions of drug targets in the literature. Furthermore, a strategy is developed using dynamic sensitivities to control the accumulated amount of membrane GLUT4 over a period of time for a fixed amount of insulin input. This strategy is then applied to rank possible mechanisms of insulin resistance. The results are also in agreement with those suggested in the literature.
Application of rotated sequential feeding for circular polarization bandwidth enhancement of planar arrays with single-fed DRA elements (2004)

Different arrangements and excitations for the single-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) elements are used in planar arrays to study their effect on the circular polarization bandwidth. The rotational sequential feeding is found to provide a broadside axial ratio that is frequency independent.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of Mg<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>0.9‐<i>x</i></sub>Sn<i><sub>x</sub></i> Ge<sub>0.1</sub> (2013)

Abstract We investigated the thermoelectric properties of non‐doped Mg 2 Si 0.9‐ x Sn x Ge 0.1 ( x = 0, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.90) solid solutions of quaternary systems prepared using a liquid–solid reaction and hot‐pressing methods. All the sintered compact samples consisted of a single phase with an anti‐fluorite structure, which was revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant increased linearly with increasing amounts of Sn in the sample. Mg 2 Si 0.90 Ge 0.10 and Mg 2 Si 0.30 Sn 0.60 Ge 0.10 exhibited n‐type conduction and possessed a negative Seebeck coefficient. On the other hand, Mg 2 Si 0.25 Sn 0.65 Ge 0.10 , Mg 2 Si 0.15 Sn 0.75 Ge 0.10 , and Mg 2 Sn 0.90 Ge 0.10 exhibited positive conduction. The resistivities ranged from 3.22 × 10 ‐5 Ω m for Mg 2 Si 0.90 Ge 0.10 to 1.37 × 10 ‐2 Ω m for Mg 2 Si 0.30 Sn 0.60 Ge 0.10 at 300 K. The thermal conductivity varied depending on the amount of Sn in the samples. The minimum value of the thermal conductivity was 1.93 W m ‐1 K ‐1 for Mg 2 Si 0.30 Sn 0.60 Ge 0.10 and Mg 2 Si 0.25 Sn 0.65 Ge 0.10 at 450 K. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of Some Prostanoids in<i>Aloe vera</i>Extracts (1991)

Screening of extracts from ALOE VERA revealed the presence of endogenous arachidonic acid, a potential precursor for the prostanoids synthesis. The presence of endogenous cyclooxygenase, in the plant extracts, was established by radiometric assay. Relatively high proportions of PGE (2) and TXB (2) and low proportions of other prostaglandins were identified in the plant extract when incubated with [ (14)C]-arachidonic acid. Other lipids present in this plant were examined and a high percentage of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol was established. Possible importance of prostaglandins formed endogenously by the plant is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: WATER‐SOLUBLE TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES AND THEIR USE IN TWO‐PHASE CATALYTIC REACTIONS OF OLEFINS (1978)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung verschiedener Triphenylphosphinkomplexe von Rhodium, Ruthenium, Platin und Palladium mit dem Natriumsulfonat (I) werden wasserlösliche Phosphinkomplexe dieser Metalle (II)‐(XII) hergestellt.
Enhancement of surface finish of Pulse Electrochemically Machined (PECM) surface using rotating electrode (2010)

The Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is widely used in machining variety of components used in aerospace, automotive, defense, and medical applications. Due to low machining accuracy ECM is yet to be a best alternative process. ECM with pulse current offers an enhanced accuracy control. This paper presents experimental investigation of PECM parameters such as Voltage, Pulse on time and duty cycle on surface enhancement by rotating electrode (cathode tool) arrangement. This results shows PECM with rotating tool has enhanced surface by 50 % as compared to stationary tool in PECM. (1.2 to 0.7 micron). The design of experiments was done by 2 k factorial designs. The
Pharmacological effects of ibudilast on cerebral circulation: A PET study (1993)

To evaluate the pharmacological effects of ibudilast on cerebral circulation, we examined 5 ischaemic stroke patients, using positron emission tomography, and we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF). Ibudilast loading per os led to a remarkable increase in CBF after 30 min. This CBF elevation was observed in the lesion side as well as in the nonlesion hemisphere. Therefore, we can confirm that ibudilast ameliorates the chronic low perfusion state of CBF in the ischaemic stroke patient.
In ovo Vaccination of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens with Vaccines Containing Multiple Agents (1999)

We used in ovo technology to protect chickens against multiple diseases by inoculating vaccines containing mixtures of live viral agents. A single in ovo injection of a vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a vaccine strain of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and recombinant fowl pox vaccine with HN and F genes of Newcastle disease virus (rFP-NDV) induced protection against virulent MDV, IBDV, Newcastle disease virus, and fowl poxvirus. The multiple-agent vaccine induced specific antibodies against the viral agents present in the mixture and did not adversely affect the survival of hatched chickens. Inoculation of a vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of MDV and IBDV did not affect hatchability of eggs, although the addition of rFP-NDV to the mixture reduced hatchability by 23%-26%. In ovo vaccination with a vaccine containing MDV and IBDV vaccine viruses did not exacerbate the inhibitory effect of individual viral agents on humoral and cellular immune competence.
Comparative fecal metagenomics unveils unique functional capacity of the swine gut (2011)

The results from this metagenomic survey demonstrated the presence of genes associated with resistance to antibiotics and carbohydrate metabolism suggesting that the swine gut microbiome may be shaped by husbandry practices.
Influence of inertia on liquid absorption into paper coating structures (2000)

We elucidate in this paper the influence of inertia of the imbibing liquid with special attention to the printing of paper. This is used to explain the observed differences between the absorption properties of fluids into large and small pores in paper coating structures. Without invoking arbitrary changes of the assumed constants in Lucas-Washburn (Washburn 1921) it has been hitherto impossible to describe the retarded imbibition seen when absorbing into highly porous structures containing large pores, for example in matt papers or coatings derived from very steep particle size distribution pigments.
Redox Regulation of Programmed Cell Death in Lymphocytes (1995)

A redox imbalance caused by an over-production of prooxidants or a decrease in antioxidants seems to play a role in the programmed cell death that occurs in various developmental programs. Such a physiological function for oxidative stress is particularly applicable to the immune system, wherein individual lymphocytes undergo continuous scrutiny to determine if they should be preserved or programmed to die. Following activation, lymphocytes produced increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may serve as intracellular signaling molecules. The ultimate outcome of this increased ROS formation, i.e., lymphocyte proliferation versus programmed cell death, may be dictated by macrophage-derived costimulatory molecules that bolster or diminish lymphocyte antioxidant defenses. HIV-1-infected individuals display multiple symptoms of redox imbalance consistent with their being in oxidative stress, and lymphocytes from such individuals are more prone to undergo apoptosis in vitro. It is suggested that oxidative stress, and lymphocytes from such individuals are more prone to undergo apoptosis in vitro. It is suggested that oxidative stress is a physiological mediator of programmed cell death in lymphoid cells, and that HIV disease represents an extreme case of what can happen when regulatory safeguards are compromised.
Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Amplitude Growth Functions and HiResolution Programming Levels in Pediatric CII Implant Subjects (2004)

In pediatric subjects with the Clarion HiFocus electrode, ECAP growth function thresholds appear to decrease with the presence of the Silastic positioner but are unaffected by electrode position along the array. Growth function slope, however, depends on electrode position along the array but not on the presence of the positioner. ECAP programming levels can reliably predict stimulus intensities within the patients' dynamic ranges, but considerable variability is seen between ECAP thresholds and HiRes programming levels.
Regulation of Boundary Cap Neural Crest Stem Cell Differentiation After Transplantation (2009)

Success of cell replacement therapies for neurological disorders will depend largely on the optimization of strategies to enhance viability and control the developmental fate of stem cells after transplantation. Once transplanted, stem/progenitor cells display a tendency to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype or differentiate into inappropriate cell types. Gain and loss of function experiments have revealed key transcription factors which drive differentiation of immature stem/progenitor cells toward more mature stages and eventually to full differentiation. An attractive course of action to promote survival and direct the differentiation of transplanted stem cells to a specific cell type would therefore be to force expression of regulatory differentiation molecules in already transplanted stem cells, using inducible gene expression systems which can be controlled from the outside. Here, we explore this hypothesis by employing a tetracycline gene regulating system (Tet-On) to drive the differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs) toward a sensory neuron fate after transplantation. We induced the expression of the key transcription factor Runx1 in Sox10-expressing bNCSCs. Forced expression of Runx1 strongly increased transplant survival in the enriched neurotrophic environment of the dorsal root ganglion cavity, and was sufficient to guide differentiation of bNCSCs toward a nonpeptidergic nociceptive sensory neuron phenotype both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation. These findings suggest that exogenous activation of transcription factors expression after transplantation in stem/progenitor cell grafts can be a constructive approach to control their survival as well as their differentiation to the desired type of cell and that the Tet-system is a useful tool to achieve this.
Lexicologie géographique et ancienne langue d'oïl (1972)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
SpaceWire: a satellite on‐board data‐handling network (2001)

SpaceWire is a network designed for handling payload data and control information on‐board a spacecraft. It provides a unified, high‐speed, data‐handling infrastructure for connecting together sensors (e.g. optical or radar instruments), processing elements (e.g. digital signal processors), mass‐memory units, downlink telemetry sub‐systems and ground support equipment (GSE). SpaceWire is intended to meet the needs of future, high‐capability space missions. It supports equipment compatibility and re‐use at both the component and sub‐system levels. This paper first considers the key factors that drove the specification of SpaceWire, explaining the particular demands imposed by the space environment. The components of a SpaceWire network are then introduced. The key features of SpaceWire are summarised and the support that SpaceWire provides for fault tolerance is described. Finally a summary is given of the current status of the SpaceWire standard and its application in space missions.
Subnanosecond pulse generation from diode-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched solid-state lasers (1993)

Miniature diode-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched solid-state lasers deliver pulse durations as short as 600 ps at wavelengths near 1 µm. Specifically, Nd:YVO(4) lasers operating at 1.064 µm produce 600-ps/5-kW pulses at 1 kHz, 1.0-ns/2-kW pulses at 20 kHz, and 1.9-ns/0.5-kW pulses at 100 kHz. A Nd:YLF laser at 1.047 µm generates 700-ps/15-kW pulses at 1 kHz, and 1.2-ns/4-kW pulses at 10 kHz. At 1.342 µm, a Nd:YVO(4) laser produces 3.3-ns/0.8-0.6-kW pulses at 1-10 kHz.
Compact Dual-Frequency Antenna Array With Large Frequency Ratio (2020)

A dual-fed dual-frequency shared-aperture antenna array with a large frequency ratio is investigated. Its unit cell consists of a microwave ground-surrounded patch antenna and a millimeter-wave substrate-integrated 2×2 slot antenna subarray. The former is excited in the fundamental TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> mode, whereas the slot elements are excited in their fundamental mode. Based on the dual-frequency antenna unit, a dual-frequency antenna array is designed. To demonstrate the idea, a prototype that consists of a C-band 2×2 patch antenna array and a Ka-band 8×8 slot antenna array was designed, fabricated, and tested. Its matching and radiation characteristics are studied for both bands. Reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results is observed. Excellent measured intraband isolations of over 32 dB are obtained.
Optimal Quantum States for Image Sensing in Loss (2011)

We consider a general image sensing framework that includes many quantum sensing problems by an appropriate choice of image set, prior probabilities, and cost function. For any such problem, in the presence of loss and a signal energy constraint, we show that a pure input state of light with the signal modes in a mixture of number states minimizes the cost among all ancilla-assisted parallel strategies. Lossy binary phase discrimination with a peak photon number constraint and general lossless image sensing are considered as examples.
Generating Galileo Raw Data - Approach and Application (2005)

This paper introduces the Raw Data Generation (RDG) capability of the Galileo System Simulation Facility (GSSF) and identifies potential applications of this capability within Galileo. After a brief introduction to the functional scope of GSSF, the modelling assumptions are stated and the approach chosen for the validation of GSSF is outlined. Example validation results demonstrate trustworthiness of the generated raw data. The paper will further present an example simulation meant to illustrate a potential application of the RDG. 1. Galileo System Simulation Facility The Galileo System Simulation Facility (GSSF) is being developed on behalf of ESA/ESTEC by an international consortium lead by VEGA. GSSF is conceived as a simulation environment that reproduces the functional and performance behaviour of the Galileo system. It offers the necessary flexibility and functional scope to support Galileo system simulation needs during the entire program life cycle. 1.1. Simulation Capabilities The immediate role of GSSF primarily lies in the Galileo design and definition phase as well as in the validation of Galileo Ground elements. For this purpose, GSSF provides a single simulator that uses alternative models depending upon the type of analysis the enduser wishes to perform: • The Service Volume Simulation (SVS) capability of GSSF allows the analysis of the navigation and integrity performance over long time periods and over large geographical areas. In particular, GSSF SVS allows the user to assess all relevant Figures of Merit on global or regional grids or for individual positions. Such Figures of Merit are Visibility, Coverage, Geometry, DOP, Navigation Precision, Integrity and Service (including Critical Satellites) as well as the associated availability and continuity figures. In addition GSSF provides GPS/Galileo global Interference analysis as well as Link Budget and Error Budget analyses. A comprehensive list of