gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positron Emission Tomography in Grading Soft Tissue Sarcomas (1999)

Soft tissue sarcomas present with varied radiological appearances. Positron imaging with [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG PET) has recently made promising contributions to management of patients by providing a noninvasive means for evaluating tumor metabolism and providing important biological information about soft tissue malignant tumors. PET imaging not only gives quantitative data on metabolic rates of tumors but can also readily provide semiquantitative data of uptake of tumors by measuring uptake ratios. These values have been helpful for noninvasively grading tumors. This value is called the tumor standard uptake value (SUV). The tumor grades (low, intermediate, high) mean SUV values show a high level of significance in discrimination among tumor grade groups.
Neuroprotective effects of Total Saikosaponins of Bupleurum yinchowense on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells (2013)

The root of Bupleurum yinchowense Shan et Y. Li, a well-known medicinal plant in China, was originally documented in the “Shennong's Herbal”, which is the oldest Chinese materia medica monographs. It has the action of soothing liver and relieving constraint for improving symptoms of emotional instability such as depression, anxiety and phobia. The in vivo experiment of our previous study has showed an efficacy of Total Saikosaponins (TSS) from Bupleurum yinchowense in acute stress and chronic unpredictable mild stress models. Nevertheless, there are no studies on the cytoprotection and potential mechanisms of TSS on corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The present study focuses on cytoprotection against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and its underlying molecule mechanisms of the antidepressant-like effect of TSS. The PC12 cells were treated with 250 μM corticosterone in the absence or presence of different concentrations of TSS for 24 h, then the cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) double staining and the DNA fragmentation of the apoptotic PC12 cells were determined. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular Ca²+ ([Ca²+]i) concentration and western blot analysis of caspase-3, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible proteins 153 (GADD-153), X-box DNA-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), Bax, Bcl-2 were investigated. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with TSS (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 μg/ml) partly reversed corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in a dose dependent manner. TSS (25 =g/ml) reversed the increase of dead cells in the Hoechst 33342 stain, the accumulation in LDH leakage and the number of TUNEL positive cells induced by corticosterone to PC12 cells. Moreover, the cytoprotection of TSS was proved to be associated with the homeostasis of intracellular Ca²+, the stabilization of ER stress via the down-regulation of GRP78, GADD-153, XBP-1, and the restoration of mitochondrial function, which included mPTP, MMP and caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, TSS (25 μg/ml) markedly ameliorated up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in corticosterone-induced PC12 cells. The result depicted that antidepressant-like effect of TSS in vivo may be associated with the cytoprotection of neuron, and the neuroprotective mechanisms were correlated with inhibiting the ER stress and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.
The design and implementation of tire pressure monitoring system (2009)

TPMS is honoured as a new generation of high-tech safety equipment supplies for vehicle.In view of the current problems of the TPMS can not monitor the tire situation of vehicle all-weather and the vehicle alarm system could not carry out remote alarm,this article puts forward a design concept of real-time tire monitoring system based on nRF9E and GSM module.This paper introduces the whole structure of the TPMS,the design and realization method are described from hardware and software.The system focuses on low-power design and a method of fire location by key-display. It can monitor real-time parameters of each tire,alarm to prompt the abnormal situation,and can notify the owners by GSM module.It also possesses the vehicle CAN network interface.Especially,the system possesses many advantages in low power,reliability and security.
THE ORIGIN OF CARBON ATOMS 2, 3, AND 7 OF RICININE (1963)

The isolation of carbon atoms 2 and 3 of the α-pyridone nucleus of ricinine is described. Evidence is provided to support the suggestion that succinic acid or a closely related four-carbon dicarboxylic acid provides carbon atoms 2, 3, and 7 in the biosynthesis of the ricinine molecule.
A Peptide Comprising the Src-interacting Domain of NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Alleviates Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced Allodynia in Rats (2010)

Inflammatory and neuropathic pains arise in part from sensitization at nociceptive synapses in the spinal cord. Activity-dependent signaling cascades converge onto the tyrosine kinase Src, which participates in augmenting the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and thus potentiates the nociceptive system. Src is capable of these effects because it is anchored to the NMDAR complex via an adaptor protein called NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). There is evidence that this interaction occurs between amino acids 40-49 of Src and amino acids 310-321 of ND2. I have determined that a peptide consisting of amino acids 310-321 of ND2, and affixed to the HIV Tat domain for cell permeability, is capable of alleviating tactile allodynia induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Src40-49Tat was not effective in two models of inflammatory pain. This work further implicates the Src-ND2 interaction in pain hypersensitivity and suggests that Tat ND2 310-321 may alleviate it.
Isoelectronic In-doping effect in GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1998)

The isoelectronic In-doping effect in GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was investigated by using Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In our study, the phonon spectra of films remain sharp without alloy formation after incorporation of small amounts of In atoms. The SEM pictures of the sample surface reveal greatly reduced nanopits indicating better surface flatness that is also supported by the multiple interference effect in the PL signals. More importantly, isoelectronic doping has caused the linewidth at 15 K of the near-band-edge emission of GaN to decrease sharply to 10 meV or less, reflecting improved optical property.
Molten Salts: Volume 3 Nitrates, Nitrites, and Mixtures: Electrical Conductance, Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension Data (1972)

Data on the electrical conductance, density, viscosity, and surface tension of nitrate—nitrate, nitrite—nitrite, and nitrite—nitrate mixtures have been systematically collected and evaluated. Results are given for some 71 binary mixtures over a range of compositions and temperatures. Values of the above properties for the single salts have been updated in accord with previously advanced recommendations.
Applications of probiotics to animal husbandry. (1989)

Summary: The microbial equilibrium of the intestinal flora reflects, and also is responsible for, a harmonious digestive function, and thus a satisfactory state of health of the individual. One attempts to obtain this equilibrium by dosing the animal with certain microbial strains, called probiotics. In order to explain the value of probiotics and to define the rules governing their administration, the author points out that intestinal colonisation is established mostly during the early postnatal period, and that the indigenous, permanent flora varies with feeding, husbandry conditions and gastro-intestinal diseases, the latter being governed by immune protection of the digestive tract during the first three weeks of life. To limit such variations it is necessary to know when to use probiotics, and for what purpose. During the neonatal period, the indication is therapeutic, but usage is confined to prophylaxis by distributing high doses as soon as possible after birth. The other indication is promotion of growth by regular administration over a long period. The mode of administratio n may be as a liquid, paste, or mixture with feed. An equilibrium in a newborn mammal may be achieved through the dam by administering probiotics for 15 days before parturition, in order to modify the gut contents of the dam. In each case it is necessary to examine the possibility that the vehicle used might have an adverse effect on viability of the bacteria, for adequate numbers are essential to obtain the desired result.
Lessons from an AR book study (2007)

We have observed children reading an augmented book aimed at early literacy education. We explored how children aged six to seven experience and interact with these novel instructional media. We here focus on issues arising from the tangibility of interface elements, the integration of physical and digital elements, on-screen and paper elements, and of text and interactive sequences.
Synthesis of [1,5‐A]Pyrimidinone Ring Derivatives (1993)

Abstract Cyclodehydrogenation of the benzalhydrazino derivatives 5 and 6 gave 6‐cyano‐7‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐ 2‐phenyl‐5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (8) and 6‐cyano‐7‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐ 5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (9) respectively. Melhylation, acetylation and benzylation of 8 gave the corresponding N ‐methyl, acetyl and benzyl derivatives 10‐12 . Methylation of 5 with dimethylsulfate gave 2‐benzalhydrazino‐5‐cyano‐3‐methyl‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐4‐one (6) , of which the reaction with acetic anhydride in pyridine afforded the N ‐acetylbenzalhydrazino derivative 15 . The latter was also prepared from acetylation of 5 followed by medthylation with iodomethane. Acetylation of 5 with boiling acetic anhydride afforded the diacetyl derivative 16 , whereas its benzylation gave th e mono‐ N ‐benzyl derivative 14 .
Synthesis of a Double Alkoxide Precursor to Spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Directly from Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>, MgO, and Triethanolamine and Its Pyrolytic Transformation to Spinel (1996)

Reaction of Al(OH)3 and MgO or Mg(OH)2 with triethanolamine [TEA, N(CH2CH2OH)3] in ethylene glycol (EG) provides, in one step, access to a polymer-like precursor to spinel. On the basis of high-resolution mass spectroscopy, chemical analysis and 27Al solution NMR, the precursor appears to be a trimetallic double alkoxide consisting of two four-coordinate TEAA1 (alumatrane) moieties linked via a bridging TEA group that enfolds the Mg cation. The 27Al NMR shows only tetracoordinate Al centers (64.8 ppm). The same compound can be prepared stepwise by reaction of tetrameric alumatrane, (TEAAl)4, with Mg and TEA. Product evolution upon pyrolysis was followed as a function of temperature using TGA, DTA, XRD, and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Pyrolysis at 700 °C for 2 h in air appears to produce a γ-Al2O3-MgAl2O4 solid solution and a small amount (<5 wt %, by TGA) of X-ray amorphous MgCO3. Transformation of the solid solution to pure spinel is a function of pyrolysis temperature and time, with only spinel evident in the XRD data, after pyrolysis at 1200 °C for 2 h. BET analysis of the pyrolysis products gave surface areas as high as 160 m2/g (500 °C/2 h/air). Porosimetry reveals a bimodal distribution of micropores centered around 10 and 60 Å, accounting for the majority of the surface area. The powder morphology was briefly examined using SEM.
Orthogonal variable rate spreading sequences with improved correlation properties for wireless CDMA cellular networks (2003)

This paper discusses a technique for orthogonal multiplexing and scrambling of signals with variable spreading factor in a direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system. The technique extends Gold sequences and yields a bounded autocorrelation and cross correlation for small delays, mostly in the range of interest for microcell multipath channels. Furthermore variable spreading factor multiplexing can readily be implemented similar to those for Hadamard multiplexing.
Antiferromagnetism of γ Fe-Mn Alloys (1966)

The antiferromagnetism of polycrystalline and single crystal samples of disordered γ Fe-Mn alloys containing between 20 to 50 at% Mn was investigated by means of a magnetic balance, a sensitive torque magnetometer and neutron diffraction. The alloys with 20 to 27 at% Mn exhibited ε ↔γ trans-formation in the same temperature range as the magnetic transformation. The relation between the magnetic and the crystallographic transformations was investigated and a phase diagram of Fe-Mn alloys in this composition region was obtained. A neutron diffraction study of single crystal samples confirmed the generalized antiferromagnetic spin structure proposed by the powder neutron diffraction study of Kouvel and Kasper. The torque measurements, made on single crystals which had been cooled through the Néel point in a strong magnetic field, indicated that the spin structure is intrinsically cubic, the spins on the four sublattices being directed toward the different cube diagonals. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of a molecular field theory based on the localized electron model. However, the temperature dependence of the susceptibility below and above the Néel point cannot be interpreted on the basis of a localized electron model, although the latter can account for the proposed spin structure.
Automatic detection of multi-level acetowhite regions in RGB color images of the uterine cervix (2005)

Uterine cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Colposcopy is a diagnostic method used to detect cancer precursors and cancer of the uterine cervix, whereby a physician (colposcopist) visually inspects the metaplastic epithelium on the cervix for certain distinctly abnormal morphologic features. A contrast agent, a 3-5% acetic acid solution, is used, causing abnormal and metaplastic epithelia to turn white. The colposcopist considers diagnostic features such as the acetowhite, blood vessel structure, and lesion margin to derive a clinical diagnosis. STI Medical Systems is developing a Computer-Aided-Diagnosis (CAD) system for colposcopy -- ColpoCAD, a complex image analysis system that at its core assesses the same visual features as used by colposcopists. The acetowhite feature has been identified as one of the most important individual predictors of lesion severity. Here, we present the details and preliminary results of a multi-level acetowhite region detection algorithm for RGB color images of the cervix, including the detection of the anatomic features: cervix, os and columnar region, which are used for the acetowhite region detection. The RGB images are assumed to be glare free, either obtained by cross-polarized image acquisition or glare removal pre-processing. The basic approach of the algorithm is to extract a feature image from the RGB image that provides a good acetowhite to cervix background ratio, to segment the feature image using novel pixel grouping and multi-stage region-growing algorithms that provide region segmentations with different levels of detail, to extract the acetowhite regions from the region segmentations using a novel region selection algorithm, and then finally to extract the multi-levels from the acetowhite regions using multiple thresholds. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated using human subject data.
Visualizing probabilistic flood forecast information: expert preferences and perceptions of best practice in uncertainty communication (2012)

Abstract The aim of this article is to improve the communication of the probabilistic flood forecasts generated by hydrological ensemble prediction systems (HEPS) by understanding perceptions of different methods of visualizing probabilistic forecast information. This study focuses on interexpert communication and accounts for differences in visualization requirements based on the information content necessary for individual users. The perceptions of the expert group addressed in this study are important because they are the designers and primary users of existing HEPS. Nevertheless, they have sometimes resisted the release of uncertainty information to the general public because of doubts about whether it can be successfully communicated in ways that would be readily understood to nonexperts. In this article, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of existing HEPS visualization methods and thereby formulate some wider recommendations about the best practice for HEPS visualization and communication. We suggest that specific training on probabilistic forecasting would foster use of probabilistic forecasts with a wider range of applications. The result of a case study exercise showed that there is no overarching agreement between experts on how to display probabilistic forecasts and what they consider the essential information that should accompany plots and diagrams. In this article, we propose a list of minimum properties that, if consistently displayed with probabilistic forecasts, would make the products more easily understandable. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An active-passive monolithic integration platform with low loss passive section (2013)

We demonstrate a platform for monolithic integration of active and low loss passive components. The passive section is realized by removal of the quantum wells. Characterization results of lasers with passive DBR reflectors are presented.
Unlocking the Secrets Behind Secondary Metabolism: A Review of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> from Pathogenicity to Functional Genomics (2003)

Aspergillus flavus has received a considerable amount of attention due to its ability to produce aflatoxin, a secondary metabolite that is both immunosuppressive and carcinogenic to animals and humans. Research on aflatoxin over the last 40 years has made it one of the best studied fungal secondary metabolites. In spite of the large volume of research in this area, many unanswered questions remain concerning the genetic regulation of aflatoxin production and the molecular signals that intimately associate the synthesis of aflatoxin with specific environmental and nutritional conditions. It is anticipated that the tools now available in the field of genomics will build upon our existing knowledge and provide answers to some of these questions. Complete genome sequences are now available for a number of fungal species that are closely related to A. flavus. This information can be used along with current genomic analyses in A. flavus to more closely examine the biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolism. The intent of this review is to summarize the large body of knowledge that exists from many years of research on A. flavus, with the hope that this information in the light of new genomic studies may bring scientists closer to unraveling the web of regulatory circuits that govern aflatoxin biosynthesis. Specifically, scientific findings in the following areas will be presented: classification and phylogenetic analyses of A. flavus, population biology, ecology and pathogenicity in agricultural environments, classical genetics including linkage group and mutant analyses, gene clusters, regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, and genomics.
Fatigue Damage Alleviation by Intermittent Electroplating (1976)

Abstract The fatigue life of copper can be extended by intermittently electroplating layers of nickel onto the copper. By electroplating every 25% of the anticipated life, the fatigue life of copper cyclically stressed at ± 14 500 psi (± 99 974 kPa) can be extended indefinitely.
Construction of La-tPA vector and expression in the mammary gland of transgenic mice. (1999)

Expression vectors of long acting human tissue plasminogen activator (La-tPa) in the mammary gland was constructed using the promoters of sheep beta-lactoglobulin gene (BLG, 5 kb) containing the first and the second introns obtained by PCR. Transgenic mice were established by microinjection. 540 fertilized eggs were injected and 6 transgenic mice were screened out from the offspring by PCR and Southern Blot analysis. The foreign gene integrating rate was 32%. The expression of La-tPA in mammary glands of transgenic mice was confirmed by milk assay and Northern blot analysis. Expression level of La-tPA reached 6 ug/ml in milk of transgenic mice.
Measurement and Interpretation of stress in aluminum-based metallization as a function of thermal history (1987)

Mechanical stress in interconnections is a problem of growing importance in VLSI devices. The origins of this stress are discussed, and a measurement technique based on the determination of wafer curvature with a laser scanning device is described. The changes in stress observed during thermal cycles are interpreted quantitatively in terms of a simple model of elastic and plastic strain in the metal. The effects of changes in deposition conditions, film composition, and film structure are discussed.
Aroma Retention in Sol−Gel-Made Silica Particles (2004)

The retention performance of aroma molecules from different chemical classes (e.g., alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and terpenes) by silica particles made by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate is investigated. Since particle morphology, porosity, and pore size distribution can be controlled by the sol-gel preparation method, the influence of the nanoconfinement in the microporous matrix on aroma retention is studied as well as the effect of the initial aroma load of the particles. As the porosity is decreased, aroma molecules are entrapped more efficiently in the silica particles. The retention performance decreased from alcohols > aldehydes >/= esters > terpenes as with polar organic matrices. Open sol-gel-made silica particles show an increased retention with increasing aroma load, while denser silica matrices show a maximum retention with increasing load.
Human tracking in crowded scenes using target information at previous frames (2016)

Human tracking in crowded scenes is a challenging problem because of frequent occlusion and presence of the tracking in similar regions. In this paper, we propose an online human tracking method which can handle occlusion and targets with similar regions. Our method compares the target region with a surrounding region and targets with similar regions at current frame. In addition, we also compare the target region at current and previous frames. We reduce the probabilities of uncommon colors at current and previous frames thereby improving the tracking accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated via comparison with state-of-the-art trackers on the PETS2009 dataset.
Cosine-modulated FIR filter banks satisfying perfect reconstruction (1992)

The authors obtain a necessary and sufficient condition on the 2M (M=number of channels) polyphase components of a linear-phase prototype filter of length N=2 mM (where m=an arbitrary positive integer), such that the polyphase component matrix of the modulated filter is lossless. The losslessness of the polyphase component matrix, in turn, is sufficient to ensure that the analysis/synthesis system satisfies perfect reconstruction (PR). Using this result, a novel design procedure is presented based on the two-channel lossless lattice. This enables the design of a large class of FIR (finite impulse response)-PR filter banks, and includes the N=2M case. It is shown that this approach requires fewer parameters to be optimized than in the pseudo-QMF (quadrature mirror filter) designs and in the lossless lattice based PR-QMF designs (for equal length filters in the three designs). This advantage becomes significant when designing long filters for large M. The design procedure and its other advantages are described in detail. Design examples and comparisons are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>