gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen detection with thermosensitive hydrophilicity of poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted poly(vinyl chloride) fibrous mats (2018)

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was electrospun as fibrous mats to treat with NaN<sub>3</sub>. The secondary chlorines of PVC were modified to generate azido-terminated electrospun PVC fibrous mats (EPFMs). Sequentially, propargyl-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was further synthesized and grafted onto the azido-terminated EPFMs via a click reaction resulting in a scale-like structure on the fibers. The static water contact angles (SWCAs) of the grafted EPFMs reached 0 and 140° when the working temperatures were 25 and 45 °C, respectively. In contrast to the grafts on a smooth surface, the change in SWCA from 25 to 45 °C was enhanced significantly. EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts could immobilize an antibody (antiHA), and they could be used for an immunosorbent assay. After coupling with an antigen (HRP-HA) at 80 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> for 8 min, the hydrophobicity of EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts disappeared completely at 45 °C. In addition, the grafted EPFMs exhibited a much more dark blue color than those without the PNIPAAm grafts. SWCA below 10° at 45 °C could be exploited as an index to determine the limit of detection (LOD) as 80 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>. The immunosorbent assay of EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts experimentally exhibited high potential in a simple set-up for biosensing due to the unique sensitivity and selectivity of the grafted EPFMs.
Applications of soft sets in hilbert algebras (2009)

The concept of soft sets, introduced by Molodtsov (20) is a math- ematical tool for dealing with uncertainties, that is free from the diculties that have troubled the traditional theoretical approaches. In this paper, we apply the notion of the soft sets of Molodtsov to the theory of Hilbert algebras. The notion of soft Hilbert (abysmal and deductive) algebras, soft subalgebras, soft abysms and soft deductive systems are introduced, and their basic proper- ties are investigated. The relations between soft Hilbert algebras, soft Hilbert abysmal algebras and soft Hilbert deductive algebras are also derived.
<i>Disabled-1</i> acts downstream of <i>Reelin</i> in a signaling pathway that controls laminar organization in the mammalian brain (1998)

Mutation of either reelin (Reln) or disabled-1 (Dab1) results in widespread abnormalities in laminar structures throughout the brain and ataxia in reeler and scrambler mice. Both exhibit the same neuroanatomical defects, including cerebellar hypoplasia with Purkinje cell ectopia and disruption of neuronal layers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Despite these phenotypic similarities, Reln and Dab1 have distinct molecular properties. Reln is a large extracellular protein secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells in the forebrain and by granule neurons in the cerebellum. In contrast, Dab1 is a cytoplasmic protein which has properties of an adapter protein that functions in phosphorylation-dependent intracellular signal transduction. Here, we show that Dab1 participates in the same developmental process as Reln. In scrambler mice, neuronal precursors are unable to invade the preplate of the cerebral cortex and consequently, they do not align within the cortical plate. During development, cells expressing Dab1 are located next to those secreting Reln at critical stages of formation of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, before the first abnormalities in cell position become apparent in either reeler or scrambler. In reeler, the major populations of displaced neurons contain elevated levels of Dab1 protein, although they express normal levels of Dab1 mRNA. This suggests that Dab1 accumulates in the absence of a Reln-evoked signal. Taken together, these results indicate that Dab1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain.
Creating complex signal samples from a band-limited real signal (1989)

A very efficient method of creating complex signal samples from a band-limited real signal is presented. Because the method employs a simple mixer followed by one analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, plus a finite-duration impulse response (FIR) filter for image band rejection, there is no phase distortion in the resulting sampled signal. The method is more efficient than competing methods based on infinite-duration impulse response (IIR) filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The global impact of eBooks on ePublishing (2001)

The advent of eBooks and electronic publishing is changing not only the North American publishing industry but Europe as well. In Europe, many publishers are embracing the ePublishing industry as well as companies which have emerged to develop tools and web sites to develop and sell eBooks, not only in the European Union but in North America.In Asia, the electronic book industry is fueled by two industries: manufacturers who are developing hardware devices to read eBooks and content providers who are publishing specific formats.In developing nations, the potential of eBooks is equivalent to the impact of wireless phone technology on communications.This paper is organized into these sections which support the premise that eBooks will impact publishing, world-wide: 1) Overview; 2) Technology; 3) Publishing Models; 4) Books On Demand; and 5) World Libraries. Throughout this paper, the term eBooks is used to represent eBooks.Portions of this presentation were excerpted from electronic Books and ePublishing, Springer-Verlag London, 2001, ISBN 1-85233-435-5. Information about the book can be obtained at www.chartula.com http://www.chartula.com, which is maintained by this author of this paper.
Capnometry for noninvasive continuous monitoring of metabolic status in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis* (2003)

PetCO2 monitoring of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis provides an accurate estimate of PCO2. Noninvasive PetCO2 sampling may be useful in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis to allow for continuous monitoring of patients.
FimH-mediated Escherichia coli K1 invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (2006)

Adhesion to brain microvascular endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier is considered important in Escherichia coli K1 bacterial penetration into the central nervous system. Type 1 fimbriae are known to mediate bacterial interactions with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Here, we demonstrate that type 1 fimbriae, specifically FimH adhesin is not only an adhesive organelle that provides bacteria with a foothold on brain endothelial cells but also triggers signalling events that promote E. coli K1 invasion in HBMEC. This is shown by our demonstrations that exogenous FimH increases cytosolic-free-calcium levels as well as activates RhoA. Using purified recombinant mannose-recognition domain of FimH, we identified a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor, CD48, as a putative HBMEC receptor for FimH. Furthermore, E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of HBMEC were blocked by CD48 antibody. Taken together, these findings indicate that FimH induces host cell signalling cascades that are involved in E. coli K1 invasion of HBMEC and CD48 is a putative HBMEC receptor for FimH.
Mice immunization with live lactococci displaying a surface anchored HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (2003)

E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) is constitutively produced in cervical cancer (CxCa) and is a good candidate for the design of therapeutic vaccines. In this work, the nisin-controlled expression system was used to display the E7 protein at the cell surface of the food-grade Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis. An efficient cell wall anchoring of E7 was obtained. Intranasal administration of these recombinant lactococci in mice induced an HPV-16 E7-specific immune response. This is the first report of E7 cell wall anchoring in L. lactis and represents one more step towards the use of live food-grade bacteria to fight against CxCa.
Human sweat and 2‐oxopentanoic acid elicit a landing response from <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (2000)

A wind tunnel bioassay and video to observe mosquitoes landing on heated glass cylinders were used to test sweat and some derivatives for responses of Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), a highly anthropophilic African species of malaria vector. Filter papers impregnated with human sweat and a diethyl ether extract from the filter papers elicited significantly more landings than a water control (P<0.001). The concentration of lactic acid in the extract was determined by GLC assay, but bioassays of an equivalent dose of lactic acid (from a commercial supplier) did not elicit landings. Chemical analysis of the extract by combined GLC/mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 73 compounds, of which 40 were tentatively identified. The major components of the extract were aliphatic carboxylic acids. An artificial blend of 22 carboxylic acids did not elicit landings. Bioassays of 2-oxopentanoic acid elicited significantly more, landings (P<0.001). The possible importance of oxo-carboxylic acids for host-seeking by anthropophilic mosquitoes is discussed and their use for trapping is suggested.
The rate coefficient for the O<sup>+</sup>+ N<sub>2</sub>reaction in the ionosphere (1977)

The rate coefficient for the reaction O+ + N2 → NO+ + N is determined as a function of temperature from the photochemistry of NO+ for both day and night conditions by using a large sample (>5300) of simultaneous measurements of ion and neutral concentrations and temperatures made by the Atmosphere Explorer C satellite. The results cover the ion temperature range 500–1200°K and can be represented by 1.2 × 10−12(Ti/300)−0.8 cm³ s−1. Using recent flow drift tube results, we calculate the rate coefficient as a function of ion temperature and mean ion drift velocity for ionospheric conditions and find that the satellite and laboratory determinations are in good agreement. Using this temperature dependence, we then refine our earlier determination of the dissociative recombination coefficient of NO+ with electrons. We confirm that this rate coefficient is represented by 4.2 × 10−7(Te/300)−0.85 cm³ s−1.
Free radicals in tissue damage in liver diseases and therapeutic approach. (1986)

In vitro and in vivo effects of four hepatoprotective agents: silymarin (LegalonR), (+)-cyanidanol-3 (CatergenR), 6,6-methylene-bis(2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) (MTDQ), and 4,5-amino-imidazole-carboxamide-phosphate (Aica-P) on the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and on certain cellular immune reactions were studied in lymphocytes (and erythrocytes) from cirrhotic patients and from healthy control subjects. In vitro incubation with these drugs inhibited lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation and some of them decreased the antibody-dependent, spontaneous, and lectin-induced lymphocytotoxicity. MTDQ, silymarin and Aica-P enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity of erythrocytes and lymphocytes and the two latter and (+)-cyanidanol-3 increased the superoxide expression of lymphocytes as measured by flow cytofluorometry. In vivo treatment with Aica-P restored the originally low lymphocyte transformation values of patients' lymphocytes. Our results indirectly suggest that both antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities might be important factors in the hepatoprotective action of these drugs.
Predicting protein diffusion coefficients. (1993)

Diffusion coefficients for proteins in water are predicted. The numerical method developed is general enough to be applied to a wide range of protein surface shapes, from rodlike to globular. Results are presented for lysozyme and tobacco mosaic virus, and they are compared with actual data and with predictions made by less general methods.
Specific Activation of Retinoic Acid Receptors (RARs) and Retinoid X Receptors Reveals a Unique Role for RARγ in Induction of Differentiation and Apoptosis of S91 Melanoma Cells (1997)

Retinoic acid (RA) and 9-cis-RA induce growth arrest and differentiation of S91 melanoma cells. RA activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), whereas 9-cis-RA activates both RARs and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Both classes of receptors function as ligand-dependent transcription factors. S91 melanoma cells contain mRNA for RXRalpha, RXRbeta, RARalpha, RARgamma, and RARbeta in low levels. Among these, only RARbeta gene transcription is induced by retinoids. However, at present the individual role(s) for each RXR and RAR isoform in these processes is unclear. We assessed the function of all isoforms in the S91 melanoma model by using RXR and RAR isoform-specific retinoids to study their effects on cell growth, RARbeta expression, and differentiation. Activation of each of the endogenous RXR or RAR isoforms induces RARbeta gene expression, and blocks cellular proliferation. However, only the RARgamma-ligands cause additional differentiation toward a melanocytic phenotype, which coincides with substantial apoptosis well before morphological changes are apparent. Apoptosis is completely dependent on de novo protein synthesis but cannot be induced by changes in activities of AP-1, protein kinase C, and protein kinase A, nor can it be blocked by the presence of the antioxidant glutathione. These results argue against a specific role for RARbeta, but suggest that RARgamma has a critical role in a genetic switch between melanocytes and melanoma, and induction of ligand-dependent apoptosis.
Synthesis of Functionalized Diarylmethanes via a Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Arylmagnesium Reagents with Benzylic Phosphates (2006)

A combination of copper chloride, triethyl phosphite, and tetrabutylammonium iodide is a very efficient catalytic system for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized diarylmethanes, using the cross-coupling reaction of arylmagnesium halides with benzylic phosphates. The antibiotic Trimethoprim has been prepared using this Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling in 52% overall yield (four steps).
A 1.2V 10b 20MSample/s non-binary successive approximation ADC in 0.13μm CMOS (2003)

A successive-approximation ADC with non-binary code achieves 55dB SNR at sampling frequencies up to 20MHz. The converter, with on-chip driver for analog input and reference input, measures 0.08mm/sup 2/ in a standard 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS process and consumes 12mW from a single 1.2V supply.
Surface Modification of PLLA, PTFE and PVDF with Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) to Enhance Cell Adhesion (2020)

Recently, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation has been increasingly used to modify polymers. Properties such as the extremely short absorption lengths in polymers and the very strong interaction of EUV photons with materials may play a key role in achieving new biomaterials. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of EUV radiation on cell adhesion to the surface of modified polymers that are widely used in medicine: poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and poly-L-(lactic acid) (PLLA). After EUV surface modification, which has been performed using a home-made laboratory system, changes in surface wettability, morphology, chemical composition and cell adhesion polymers were analyzed. For each of the three polymers, the EUV radiation differently effects the process of endothelial cell adhesion, dependent of the parameters applied in the modification process. In the case of PVDF and PTFE, higher cell number and cellular coverage were obtained after EUV radiation with oxygen. In the case of PLLA, better results were obtained for EUV modification with nitrogen. For all three polymers tested, significant improvements in endothelial cell adhesion after EUV modification have been demonstrated.
그림자 정보를 이용한 KOMPSAT 위성영상에서의 건물 검출 (2000)

본 논문에서는 그림자 정보를 사용하여 위성 영상에서 건물을 검출하는 기법을 제안한다. 비교적 일정한 밝기값 분포를 가지는 건물을 검출하기위해 영상을 건물, 그림자 그리고 배경의 세가지 영역으로 분류한다. 건물 영역 및 그림자 영역에 대해 잡음을 제거하고 그림자 영역에 인접한 건물을 건물과 그림자 크기에 대한 제약 조건을 적용하여 검출한다. 본 논문에 사용된 영상은 KOMPSAT 위성영상과 SPOT 위성 영상을 사용하였으며 위성영상내의 건물을 효과적으로 검출할 수 있었다.
Molecular Dissection of the ST8Sia IV Polysialyltransferase (2004)

Polysialic acid, a homopolymer of alpha2,8-linked sialic acid expressed on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is thought to play critical roles in neural development. Two highly homologous polysialyltransferases, ST8Sia II and ST8Sia IV, which belong to the sialyltransferase gene family, synthesize polysialic acid on NCAM. By contrast, ST8Sia III, which is moderately homologous to ST8Sia II and ST8Sia IV, adds oligosialic acid to itself but very inefficiently to NCAM. Here, we report domains of polysialyltransferases required for NCAM recognition and polysialylation by generating chimeric enzymes between ST8Sia IV and ST8Sia III or ST8Sia II. We first determined the catalytic domain of ST8Sia IV by deletion mutants. To identify domains responsible for NCAM polysialylation, different segments of the ST8Sia IV catalytic domain, identified by the deletion experiments, were replaced with corresponding segments of ST8Sia II and ST8Sia III. We found that larger polysialic acid was formed on the enzymes themselves (autopolysialylation) when chimeric enzymes contained the carboxyl-terminal region of ST8Sia IV. However, chimeric enzymes that contain only the carboxyl-terminal segment of ST8Sia IV and the amino-terminal segment of ST8Sia III showed very weak activity toward NCAM, even though they had strong activity in polysialylating themselves. In fact, chimeric enzymes containing the amino-terminal portion of ST8Sia IV fused to downstream sequences of ST8Sia III inhibited NCAM polysialylation in vitro, although they did not polysialylate NCAM. These results suggest that in polysialyltransferases the NCAM recognition domain is distinct from the polysialylation domain and that some chimeric enzymes may act as a dominant negative enzyme for NCAM polysialylation.
Effects of heavy boron doping upon oxygen precipitation in Czochralski silicon (1988)

In this investigation, diffuse x-ray scattering, Bragg line profile, and transmission electron microscopy have been employed for the study of point defects and their interaction with oxygen impurities in heavily boron-doped Czochralski Si wafers during various thermal treatments between 450 and 1050 °C for time intervals from 2 to 128 h. Bragg line profile data show that (1) materials tend to become more perfect during the initial stages of thermal annealing regardless of anneal temperatures and (2) the integral width and full width at half-maximum both exhibit minima after a thermal treatment at 450 °C for 32 h while the opposite behavior is observed for a thermal treatment at 1050 °C. The diffuse x-ray scattering data have shown that (1) the nature of the predominant defects depends upon annealing temperature, time and ramping cycles; and (2) the mean cluster size ranges between 1.4 and 2.0×103 nm regardless of annealing temperature and time. Transmission electron microscopy results show (1) slower precipitation kinetics occur than in lightly doped materials, (2) virtually no precipitates have been observed, even after 128 h for annealing temperatures up to 650 °C, (3) amorphous precipitates with a {100} platelet morphology are observed after prolonged anneals at 800 °C, and (4) the appearance of complex precipitate structures have been observed at 1050 °C. These results indicate significantly different behavior from that of lightly doped silicon. Finally, using a thermodynamic and kinetic model, we attempt to explain these heavy boron doping effects on SiO2 precipitation in Czochralski Si.
Comparative compliance of representative lead designs for surface-mounted components (1989)

The author provides equations for the directional spring constants for common compliant lead designs on surface-mounted (SM) components. The lead configurations include the straight J-lead, dimpled J-lead, gull-wing lead, butt-lead, (I-lead), and S-bend lead designs. Elastic strain energy methods were applied to determine the effective flexural and torsional spring constants for each representative lead design. Lead stiffness evaluation was performed for different SM components tested using accelerated functional cycling and circuit-board dynamic bending. Comparative compliance data are provided for the chip-carrier J-lead designs in the Phase A IEEE Compliant Lead Task Force mechanical cycling test program. The solder joint cycles-to-failure statistics indicate that significant differences in attachment fatigue performance can be correlated with disparate lead compliance between the tested SM components. The structural models and strain energy formulation presented provide a generalized method for quantifying the compliance of common lead configurations. The resultant spring constants represent mechanical properties of the particular lead design and are independent of the SM package geometry and PCB (printed circuit board) interconnection details.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Longitudinal analysis of immune function in the first 3 years of life in thymectomized neonates during cardiac surgery (2008)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of neonatal thymectomy in the functional capacity of the immune system. We selected a group of 23 subjects, who had undergone thymectomy in their first 30 days of life, during an intervention for congenital heart disease. Several parameters of the immune system were evaluated during their first 3 years of life. Lymphocyte populations and subpopulations (including naive, memory and effector subpopulations), T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire, response of T cells following in vitro stimulation by mitogen, quantification of immunoglobulins, TCR excision circles (TRECS) and interleukin (IL)-7 were measured. We found that neonatal thymectomy produces long-term diminution in total lymphocyte counts, especially in naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, TRECS were decreased, and plasma IL-7 levels increased. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between absolute CD4+ T cells and IL-7 (r = -0.470, P = 0.02). The patients did not suffer more infectious events than healthy control children, but thymectomy in neonates resulted in a significant decrease in T lymphocyte levels and TRECS, consistent with cessation of thymopoiesis. This could produce a compromise in immune function later in life, especially if the patients suffer T cell depletion and need a reconstitution of immune function.
Fast simulation of new coins from old (2005)

Let S⊂(0,1). Given a known function f:S→(0,1), we consider the problem of using independent tosses of a coin with probability of heads p (where p∈S is unknown) to simulate a coin with probability of heads f(p). We prove that if S is a closed interval and f is real analytic on S, then f has a fast simulation on S (the number of p-coin tosses needed has exponential tails). Conversely, if a function f has a fast simulation on an open set, then it is real analytic on that set.
Basal epithelial stem cells are efficient targets for prostate cancer initiation (2010)

Prevailing theories suggest that luminal cells are the origin of prostate cancer because it is histologically defined by basal cell loss and malignant luminal cell expansion. We introduced a series of genetic alterations into prospectively identified populations of murine basal/stem and luminal cells in an in vivo prostate regeneration assay. Stromal induction of FGF signaling, increased expression of the ETS family transcription factor ERG1, and constitutive activation of PI3K signaling were evaluated. Combination of activated PI3K signaling and heightened androgen receptor signaling, which is associated with disease progression to androgen independence, was also performed. Even though luminal cells fail to respond, basal/stem cells demonstrate efficient capacity for cancer initiation and can produce luminal-like disease characteristic of human prostate cancer in multiple models. This finding provides evidence in support of basal epithelial stem cells as one target cell for prostate cancer initiation and demonstrates the propensity of primitive cells for tumorigenesis.