gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auto-Encoding Scene Graphs for Image Captioning (2019)

We propose Scene Graph Auto-Encoder (SGAE) that incorporates the language inductive bias into the encoder-decoder image captioning framework for more human-like captions. Intuitively, we humans use the inductive bias to compose collocations and contextual inference in discourse. For example, when we see the relation "person on bike'', it is natural to replace "on'' with "ride'' and infer "person riding bike on a road'' even the "road'' is not evident. Therefore, exploiting such bias as a language prior is expected to help the conventional encoder-decoder models less likely to overfit to the dataset bias and focus on reasoning. Specifically, we use the scene graph - a directed graph (G) where an object node is connected by adjective nodes and relationship nodes - to represent the complex structural layout of both image (I) and sentence (S). In the textual domain, we use SGAE to learn a dictionary (D) that helps to reconstruct sentences in the S → G → D → S pipeline, where D encodes the desired language prior; in the vision-language domain, we use the shared D to guide the encoder-decoder in the I → G → D → S pipeline. Thanks to the scene graph representation and shared dictionary, the inductive bias is transferred across domains in principle. We validate the effectiveness of SGAE on the challenging MS-COCO image captioning benchmark, e.g., our SGAE-based single-model achieves a new state-of-the-art 127.8 CIDEr-D on the Karpathy split, and a competitive 125.5 CIDEr-D (c40) on the official server even compared to other ensemble models. Code has been made available at: https://github.com/yangxuntu/SGAE.
The foot core system: a new paradigm for understanding intrinsic foot muscle function (2014)

The foot is a complex structure with many articulations and multiple degrees of freedom that play an important role in static posture and dynamic activities. The evolutionary development of the arch of the foot was coincident with the greater demands placed on the foot as humans began to run. The movement and stability of the arch is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. However, the intrinsic muscles are largely ignored by clinicians and researchers. As such, these muscles are seldom addressed in rehabilitation programmes. Interventions for foot-related problems are more often directed at externally supporting the foot rather than training these muscles to function as they are designed. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm for understanding the function of the foot. We begin with an overview of the evolution of the human foot with a focus on the development of the arch. This is followed by a description of the foot intrinsic muscles and their relationship to the extrinsic muscles. We draw the parallels between the small muscles of the trunk region that make up the lumbopelvic core and the intrinsic foot muscles, introducing the concept of the foot core. We then integrate the concept of the foot core into the assessment and treatment of the foot. Finally, we call for an increased awareness of the importance of the foot core stability to normal foot and lower extremity function.
A geometric-primitives-based compression scheme for testing systems-on-a-chip (2002)

The increasing complexity of systems-on-a-chip with the accompanied increase in their test data size has made the need for test data reduction imperative. In this paper we introduce a novel and very efficient lossless compression technique for testing systems-on-a-chip based on geometric shapes. The technique exploits reordering of test vectors to minimize the number of shapes needed to encode the test data. The effectiveness of the technique in achieving high compression ratio is demonstrated on the largest ISCAS85 and full-scanned versions of ISCAS89 benchmark circuits. In this paper, it is assumed that an embedded core will be used to execute the decompression algorithm and decompress the test data.
The Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Glycopyranosides<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Glycopyranosides1M. S. Feather and J. F. HarrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 1, 153–157Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01012a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01012a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparing for Work (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Transition Stages What Happens to Dyslexic Graduates when they Leave University? What are the Key Concerns of Dyslexic Undergraduate Students about Employment and Employability? How should Higher Education Institutions Respond? The Access to Employability Programme How the Programme is Structured Workshops Work Placement Placement Support Evaluation of the Programme Conclusions References and Resources
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2‐(arylsulfonyl)oxiranes as Cell‐permeable Covalent Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (2012)

A structure-based design approach has been applied to develop 2-(arylsulfonyl)oxiranes as potential covalent inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. A detailed kinetic analysis of inactivation by these covalent inhibitors reveals that this class of compounds inhibits a panel of protein tyrosine phosphatases in a time- and dose-dependent manner, consistent with the covalent modification of the enzyme active site. An inactivation experiment in the presence of sodium arsenate, a known competitive inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase, indicated that these inhibitors were active site bound. This finding is consistent with the mass spectrometric analysis of the covalently modified protein tyrosine phosphatase enzyme. Additional experiments indicated that these compounds remained inert toward other classes of arylphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes, and alkaline and acid phosphatases. Cell-based experiments with human A549 lung cancer cell lines indicated that 2-(phenylsulfonyl)oxirane (1) caused an increase in intracellular pTyr levels in a dose-dependent manner thereby suggesting its cell-permeable nature. Taken together, the newly identified 2-(arylsulfonyl)oxiranyl moiety could serve as a novel chemotype for the development of activity-based probes and therapeutic agents against protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily of enzymes.
The Politics of Autocracy: Serbia under Slobodan Milosevic (1999)

Due to the neuroprotective role of the Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger (NCX) isoforms NCX1 and NCX3, we synthesized novel benzodiazepinone derivatives of the unique NCX activator <b>Neurounina-1</b>, named compounds <b>1-19</b>. The derivatives are characterized by a benzodiazepinonic nucleus linked to five- or six-membered cyclic amines via a methylene, ethylene, or acetyl spacer. The compounds have been screened on NCX1/NCX3 isoform activities by a high-throughput screening approach, and the most promising were characterized by patch-clamp electrophysiology and Fura-2AM video imaging. We identified two novel modulators of NCX: compound <b>4</b>, inhibiting NCX1 reverse mode, and compound <b>14</b>, enhancing NCX1 and NCX3 activity. Compound <b>1</b> displayed neuroprotection in two preclinical models of brain ischemia. The analysis of the conformational and steric features led to the identification of the molecular volume required for selective NCX1 activation for mixed NCX1/NCX3 activation or for NCX1 inhibition, providing the first prototypal model for the design of optimized isoform modulators.
Noise Robust Voice Activity Detection Based on Switching Kalman Filter (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of voice activity detection (VAD) in noisy environments. The VAD method proposed in this paper is based on a statistical model approach, and estimates statistical models sequentially without a priori knowledge of noise. Namely, the proposed method constructs a clean speech/silence state transition model beforehand, and sequentially adapts the model to the noisy environment by using a switching Kalman filter when a signal is observed. In this paper, we carried out two evaluations. In the first, we observed that the proposed method significantly outperforms conventional methods as regards voice activity detection accuracy in simulated noise environments. Second, we evaluated the proposed method on a VAD evaluation framework, CENSREC-1-C. The evaluation results revealed that the proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline results of CENSREC-1-C as regards VAD accuracy in real environments. In addition, we confirmed that the proposed method helps to improve the accuracy of concatenated speech recognition in real environments.
The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy: A clinicopathologic review of 673 consecutive patients (1994)

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a common cause of congestive heart failure. Specific heart muscle diseases occur with much less frequency.
Effects of uniaxial stress and DC bias field on the piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties of piezoelectric ceramics (2002)

We have measured some of the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric constants of several types of PZT piezoelectric ceramics, manufactured by EDO Corporation, as a function of applied electric field and mechanical stress. Both the high frequency impedance resonance method and the low frequency response of the material under electrical and mechanical excitations were employed to determine these constants. We present the dependence of these material constants on an applied DC bias voltage and on an applied mechanical stress. Most of the results can be understood on the basis of the extrinsic contributions to the piezoelectric response that arises from the existence of domains in the materials.
Dynamics of Water Intercalated in Graphite Oxide (2010)

Intercalated water in graphite oxide (GO) was investigated by using different techniques: broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) (10−2−109 Hz; 140−300 K), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection geometry in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). We have studied the water concentration (cw) region from 0 wt % (anhydrous GO) up to 25 wt % since in this range the water crystallization is avoidable. The interlayer distance during hydration increases from 5.67 to 8 Å which corresponds to the uptake of a water monolayer in the interlayer space of GO. A clear relaxation due to water molecule reorientation is seen by BDS. The rotational water dynamics is dependent on the hydration level. At high water concentration (cw > 15 wt %), water−water interactions seem to dominate the dielectric response. This result is also compatible with those from FTIR and X-ray measurements. In this water concentration region, a slight dynamical crossover in the temperature dependence of the relaxation times is observed. We show that the crossover temperature on this system (Tcross) depends on the confinement size.
Interleukin‐1 alpha and vasoactive interstinal peptide: Enigmatic regulation of neuronal survival (1995)

Abstract A neurotrophic role for interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) was investigated in dissociated spinal cord‐dorsal root ganglion cultures. Three observations suggested a survival‐promoting action for IL‐1α in nine‐day‐old cultures: (1) neutralizing antiserum to murine IL‐1α decreased neuronal survival; (2) treatment with IL‐1α in electrically blocked cultures increased neuronal survival; and (3) antiserum to the type I IL‐1 receptor decreased neuronal survival. Treatment with VIP prevented neuronal cell death associated with the antiserum to IL‐1α. In contrast, treatment of one‐month‐old cultures with IL‐1α produced neuronal cell death and neutralizing antiserum to the IL‐1 receptor had no effect on neuronal survival in these cultures. These experiments suggested that an IL‐1‐like substance was necessary for neuronal survival during a specific stage in development and that a relationship between VIP and IL‐1α might account in part for the neurotrophic properties of VIP. To test if VIP might be a secretagogue for IL‐1, a neuron‐free model system was utilized: astroglial cultures derived from cerebral cortex. VIP treatment produced a concentration‐dependent (EC50:50 pM) increase in the amount of IL‐1α in the medium and a decrease in cellular IL‐1α. Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) was also increased (EC 50: 1 nM) in the medium by VIP but without depleting IL‐1β in the cytosol. Semi‐quantitative measurements of the IL‐1α mRNA after VIP treatment indicated a significant but transient decrease. These data indicate that VIP produced an increase in the secretion of IL‐1α while depleting IL‐1α mRNA.
Synthesis and Film-Forming Properties of Ethynylporphyrins (2005)

Thermal treatment of ethynyl porphyrin monomers on a surface has been found to yield robust porphyrin films. The scope of this in situ polymerization has been surveyed by the synthesis and characterization of a collection of 20 zinc porphyrins bearing diverse patterns of 1−4 ethyne (or protected ethyne) groups and a variety of nonlinking substituents. Films have been prepared on Si(100), SiO2, Au(111), and glass. The films prepared on Si(100) have been examined by electrochemical methods, which indicate that surface coverages 50-fold greater than those of saturation-coverage monolayers are achievable, although the coverage varies appreciably (10-fold) among the survey group of molecules under a controlled set of film-forming conditions. Variation in these conditions affords control over the number of layers in the film (from a few to tens or more). The electrochemical characteristics of the multilayer films further indicate that the redox thermodynamics are of comparable homogeneity to those of monolayers. Examination of the films by FTIR and resonance Raman spectroscopy indicates the absence of an ethynyl or ethenyl linkage between the porphyrins. SEM analysis indicates the porphyrin polymer films range in thickness from tens to hundreds of nanometers. The in situ polymerization technique not only enables control over the thickness of the porphyrin polymer film but also sidesteps solubility problems that typically result upon solution polymerization. The ability to access the porphyrins in the films electrochemically to form porphyrin cation radicals affords increased surface charge density versus that with a monolayer, suggesting the application of the porphyrin films as materials for electrically addressable, molecular-based information storage.
Monoclonal antibody–based immunoassays for serum myoglobin quantification in acute myocardial infarction (1990)

We have developed a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human myoglobin. Both assays are based on competition for the monoclonal antibody between the free myoglobin present in the standards or serum samples and the myoglobin coated to the wells of microtiter plates. Consequently, the absorbance at 630 nm and the radioactivity are inversely related to the concentrations of free myoglobin. The sensitivity of both assays was 10 micrograms/L with linearity up to 1,000 micrograms/L. There was no interference with other serum proteins, as judged from analysis of specimens with high concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, or hemoglobin. The average serum myoglobin concentration in 30 normal individuals was 67 micrograms/L. Five patients with cardiac arrhythmias had normal values (average, 63 micrograms/L) while four patients with myocardial infarction had abnormally high concentrations of myoglobin (300-1,000 + micrograms/L). In a typical case of myocardial infarction, serum myoglobin rose 21 hr earlier and peaked 12 hr earlier than creatine kinase and its cardiac isoenzyme. These rapid immunoassays appear to be useful for the early detection of increased serum myoglobin indicative of myocardial infarction.
Our Fantastic Emotions (1924)

to note that Dr. Bovet in conclusion remarks : " One idea stands out from the book which I hardly foresaw oII settinig out to work, namely, the parallel that -r-av be established between the fighting instinct and the sexual instinct, and the near kinship of these tendenicies." It is clear that there is an excellent psychological (gras) of the subject and that the writer's reading has been wide. 'We have a volume so lucidly and logically prcsented that it should appeal to all psychological students as well as to educationists. The numerous references add to its value.
Dynamic Ride Sharing Community Service on Traffic Information Grid (2008)

Traffic congestion is a severe problem in urban areas of many countries. The adoption of ITS make commuters' travel convenient but cannot eliminate automobiles from the highways. The existing ridesharing services increase the efficiency of the transportation network but is limited by self-issues. Our approach is a dynamic ride sharing community service architecture combining ITS, ridesharing and social networking. The architecture makes use of heterogeneous and dynamic resources in traffic information grid system to provide immediate and dynamic ride sharing service. Simultaneously, the location information collected in ridesharing helps to improve the performances of traffic services in ITS. In addition, it contributes to the formation of travel community with underlying physical transportation networking to support. A prototype system is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture.
Performance aspects of RAID architectures (2002)

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) concept was introduced to provide high performance I/O subsystem by striping data across multiple low cost disk drives and storing parity information on one of the disks to generate the original data in case of a disk failure. However, only CPU and disk drives were considered in the evaluation of system architecture of the original RAID investigation. Later, more studies to address RAID performance have been reported but they fail to provide an approach to complete evaluation of RAID I/O subsystems. This paper attempts to provide an approach to comprehensive evaluation of RAID architectures. It considers the complete I/O subsystem consisting of CPU, operating system, data bus, I/O controller, controller cache, disk paths and SCSI disk drives. Analytical models are developed to analyze the performance of different RAID designs. The main conclusions of the paper are: (1) Performance of I/O subsystems depends on data management in the cache (CPU, Storage Controller and Disk) and disk, and (2) RAID architectures provide high data availability but NOT necessarily high performance.
An Introduction to Frames and Riesz Bases (2005)

Frames in Finite-dimensional Inner Product Spaces.- Infinite-dimensional Vector Spaces and Sequences.- Bases.- Bases and their Limitations.- Frames in Hilbert Spaces.- Tight Frames and Dual Frame Pairs.- Frames versus Riesz Bases.- Selected Topics in Frame Theory.- Frames of Translates.- Shift-Invariant Systems in l2(R).- Gabor Frames in L2(R).- Gabor Frames and Duality.- Selected Topics on Gabor Frames.- Gabor Frames in â 2(Z),L2(0,L),CL.- General Wavelet Frames in L2(R).- Dyadic Wavelet Frames for L2(R).- Frame Multiresolution Analysis.- Wavelet Frames via Extension Principles.- Selected Topics on Wavelet Frames.- Generalized Shift-Invariant Systems in L2(Rd).- Frames on Locally Compact Abelian Groups.- Perturbation of Frames.- Approximation of the Inverse Frame Operator.- Expansions in Banach Spaces. Appendix.
Microbial Abundance and Community Composition Influence Production Performance in a Low-Temperature Petroleum Reservoir (2014)

Enhanced oil recovery using indigenous microorganisms has been successfully applied in the petroleum industry, but the role of microorganisms remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relationship between microbial population dynamics and oil production performance during a water flooding process coupled with nutrient injection in a low-temperature petroleum reservoir. Samples were collected monthly over a two-year period. The microbial composition of samples was determined using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Our results indicated that the microbial community structure in each production well microhabitat was dramatically altered during flooding with eutrophic water. As well as an increase in the density of microorganisms, biosurfactant producers, such as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, and Rhizobium, were detected in abundance. Furthermore, the density of these microorganisms was closely related to the incremental oil production. Oil emulsification and changes in the fluid-production profile were also observed. In addition, we found that microbial community structure was strongly correlated with environmental factors, such as water content and total nitrogen. These results suggest that injected nutrients increase the abundance of microorganisms, particularly biosurfactant producers. These bacteria and their metabolic products subsequently emulsify oil and alter fluid-production profiles to enhance oil recovery.