gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The gap (1924)

The gap Get access Arthur Bowes Arthur Bowes 1Essex Lodge, Ewell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXLVI, Issue jun28, 28 June 1924, Page 476, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXLVI.jun28.476b Published: 28 June 1924
(Cyclopentadienone)iron Shvo Complexes: Synthesis and Applications to Hydrogen Transfer Reactions (2011)

A series of (cyclopendienone)iron tricarbonyl complexes were prepared using an intramolecular cyclization strategy. These were applied to the catalysis of the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. When paraformaldehyde was used as the hydrogen acceptor, formate esters were obtained as coproducts and, in several cases, the major products.
Mechanochemistry and ion exchange (1955)

Abstract The swelling behavior of crosslinked gels of polymethacrylic acid, partially or wholly neutralized by mixtures of sodium and barium hydroxide, is described. At high degrees of neutralization and high barium content there is a contractile region of rapid transition from a swollen to an unswollen state. A new type of contractile polyacid fiber made of Krilium and polyvinyl alcohol was developed. The force–elongation curves are given for these fibers at different degrees of neutralization with sodium and barium hydroxide in solutions containing sodium and barium chloride of various ionic strength. The dimensional changes caused by ion exchange can be utilized in a mechanochemical engine. An irreversible work cycle for such an engine is described in which the energy of mixing of mono‐ and divalent ions on polyelectrolyte fibers is partially converted into mechanical work.
Kalman filtering and time-frequency distribution of random signals (1996)

A new method to estimate the energy distribution over the time-frequency plane of time-varying stochastic signals is presented. A state space modeling approach is used to represent the signal. A Kalman-smoothing algorithm is used to estimate the states from which the so-called `Kalman- smoothed time frequency distribution (KS-TFD)' is obtained. The KS-TFD estimate is positive, has good cross-term properties and high temporal resolution. The Kalman smoother-based estimates are optimal in the mean square sense and therefore the KS-TFD estimate has excellent noise performance. We demonstrate the `localizing' property of KS- TFD using deterministic signals such as impulses and Gabor logons. Minimum interference is seen with multi component signals. For Gabor logons buried in white noise at various signal-to-noise ratios, we show the excellent performance of the KS-TFD estimate in comparison to the non-causal spectrogram using quantitative performance indices.
Monolayer Be δ-doped heterostructure bipolar transistor fabricated using doping selective base contact (1990)

A heterostructure bipolar transistor (HBT) with a base δ-doping of 6×1014cm−2, near the physical limit of one monolayer (ML) is reported. The devices exhibits a current gain of 15. The doping confinement of the δ layer is 15 Å. To fabricate the HBT without inducing dopant diffusion or using sensitive etching, a new low-temperature basecontacting procedure (Tmax = 420°C) which requires no base-emitter etching has been development. This has the additional benefits of greatly reducing surface recombination and yielding a planar structure.
Developments in Data Storage (2011)

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 2.Fundamentals of Magnetism. 3. Longitudinal Recording Media. 4. Perpendicular Recording Medium. 5. Writer heads Fundamentals. 6. Magneto-resistive Read Heads: Fundamentals and Functionality. 7. Read sensors for over 1 Terabits per square inch. 8. Thin film media Lubricants: Structure, Characterization and Performance. 9. Overcoat Materials for Magnetic Recording Media. 10. Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording. 11. L lo FePt for Magnetic Recording Media Applications. 12. Patterned Magnetic Recording Media: Progress and Prospects. 13. Phase Change Random Access Memory. 14. Non-volatile Solid State Magnetic Memory.
A Micro-Incubator for Cell and Tissue Imaging (2010)

A low-cost micro-incubator for imaging dynamic processes in living cells and tissues has been developed. This micro-incubator provides a tunable environment that can be altered to study responses of cell monolayers for several days as well as relatively thick tissue samples and tissue-engineered epithelial tissues in experiments lasting several hours. Samples are contained in a sterile cavity closed by a gas-permeable membrane. The incubator can be positioned in any direction and used on an inverted or upright microscope. Temperature is regulated using a Peltier module controlled by a sensor positioned close to the sample, enabling compensation for any changes in temperature. Rapid changes in a sample's surrounding environment can be achieved due to the fast response of the Peltier module. These features permit monitoring of sample adaptation to induced environmental changes.
Application of Trusted Computing to Secure Video Broadcasts to Mobile Receivers (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of configuring mobile devices to\nreceive broadcast services protected by legacy conditional access\nsystems. The protocols apply the concepts of trusted computing to\nallow a mobile host to demonstrate that it is secure, before any\napplication or associated keys are securely downloaded. Thus the\nprotocols are applicable anywhere a secure download is required. A\ngeneral analysis of the security of the protocols is presented,\nfollowed by the results of formal verification.
Modes of Action of Microbially-Produced Phytotoxins (2011)

Some of the most potent phytotoxins are synthesized by microbes. A few of these share molecular target sites with some synthetic herbicides, but many microbial toxins have unique target sites with potential for exploitation by the herbicide industry. Compounds from both non-pathogenic and pathogenic microbes are discussed. Microbial phytotoxins with modes of action the same as those of commercial herbicides and those with novel modes of action of action are covered. Examples of the compounds discussed are tentoxin, AAL-toxin, auscaulitoxin aglycone, hydantocidin, thaxtomin, and tabtoxin.
Inhibition of Antibacterial Activity of Cycloserine by Alpha-Alanine. (1957)

SummaryAlpha-alanine inhibits antibacterial activity of cycloserine on staphylococci. The inhibition appears to be of a competitive nature. This amino acid does not inhibit activity of the antibiotic on other organisms studied. Alpha-alanine does not interfere with the action of other antibiotic agents.
On clock offset and skew estimation with exponentially distributed delays (2013)

This paper investigates the problem of clock synchronization of nodes in a wireless sensor network based on the two-way timing message exchange mechanism with an unknown deterministic transmission delay and random exponential transmission delays. Without knowing the fixed delay, a novel synchronization scheme is proposed for the linear clock model, which works well in both symmetric and asymmetric links. In the proposed algorithm, the clock skew and offset are estimated by directly utilizing mean square error as the metric to be optimized. This consideration results in significant performance improvements compared to the existing synchronization methods, especially for a small number of observations and large standard deviation of the random delays.
Analysis of pn Junction Deep Trench Isolation with SU-8/SiO2-Liner Passivation in a Linear Butt-Coupled 3D CMOS Si Photodetector Array (2017)

The realization of 30 µm-deep trench isolation in a linear array of butt-coupled 3D CMOS silicon photodetectors is investigated by implementing the formation of a shallow n+-p junction and SiO2-liner over the trench sidewalls as well as the SU-8 filling trenches for passivation. The dependency of the dark I-V curve on the trench isolation scheme is analyzed by monitoring the dynamic dark I-V measurements of four samples including the schemes of single-trench isolation with different widths and the scheme of double-trench isolation. The highest and the lowest dark currents are measured in the detectors with the widest single-trench isolation and the double-trench isolation, respectively.
Influence of channel position on sample confinement in two-dimensional planar microfluidic devices (2007)

We report enhanced sample confinement on microfluidic devices using a combination of electrokinetic flow from adjacent control channels and electric field shaping with an array of channels perpendicular to the sample stream. The basic device design consisted of a single first dimension (1D) channel, intersecting an array of 32 or 96 parallel second dimension (2D) channels. To minimize sample dispersion and leakage into the parallel channels as the sample traversed the sample transfer region, control channels were placed to the left and right of the 1D and waste channels. The electrokinetic flow from the control channels confined the sample stream and acted as a buffer between the sample stream and the 2D channels. To further enhance sample confinement, the electric field was shaped parallel to the sample stream by placing the channel array in close proximity to the sample transfer region. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, initial work focused on simulating the electric fields and fluid flows in various device geometries, and the results guided device design. Following the design phase, we fabricated devices with 40, 80, and 120 microm wide control channels and evaluated the sample stream width as a function of the electric field strength ratio in the control and 1D channels (E(C)/E(1D)). For the 32 channel design, the 40 and 80 microm wide control channels produced the most effective sample confinement with stream widths as narrow as 75 microm, and for the 96 channel design, all three control channel widths generated comparable sample stream widths. Comparison of the 32 and 96 channel designs showed sample confinement scaled easily with the length of the sample transfer region.
Larval therapy in wound management: a review (2007)

Debridement is an essential component of wound care as the presence of devitalised tissue can impede the healing process. Larval therapy has been used for the debridement of wounds for several hundred years. A plethora of literature is available on larval therapy, but many authors acknowledge the paucity of large-scale clinical trials supporting its effectiveness. While the exact mechanism of larval therapy remains unknown, it encompasses three processes: debridement, disinfection and promotion of healing. This literature review discusses the applications, benefits and disadvantages of larval therapy as well as the processes involved. The literature reviewed suggests that further comprehensive research into the mechanisms involved in larval therapy is required to ensure that it may be used to best medical advantage.
Magnetic induction spectroscopy: non-contact measurement of the electrical conductivity spectra of biological samples (2012)

Measurement of the electrical conductivity of biological tissues as a function of frequency, often termed 'bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS)', provides valuable information on tissue structure and composition. In implementing BIS though, there can be significant practical difficulties arising from the electrode–sample interface which have likely limited its deployment in industrial applications. In magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) these difficulties are eliminated through the use of fully non-contacting inductive coupling between the sensors and sample. However, inductive coupling introduces its own set of technical difficulties, primarily related to the small magnitudes of the induced currents and their proportionality with frequency. This paper describes the design of a practical MIS system incorporating new, highly-phase-stable electronics and compares its performance with that of electrode-based BIS in measurements on biological samples including yeast suspensions in saline (concentration 50–400 g l−1) and solid samples of potato, cucumber, tomato, banana and porcine liver. The shapes of the MIS spectra were in good agreement with those for electrode-based BIS, with a residual maximum discrepancy of 28%. The measurement precision of the MIS was 0.05 S m−1 at 200 kHz, improving to 0.01 S m−1 at a frequency of 20 MHz, for a sample volume of 80 ml. The data-acquisition time for each MIS measurement was 52 s. Given the value of spectroscopic conductivity information and the many advantages of obtaining these data in a non-contacting manner, even through electrically-insulating packaging materials if necessary, it is concluded that MIS is a technique with considerable potential for monitoring bio-industrial processes and product quality.
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME AGAINST TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN MICE (1931)

The bacterial enzyme which decomposes the purified capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus in vitro also destroys the capsules of the living organisms growing in media and in the animal body. Potent preparations of this same enzyme protect mice against infection with virulent Type III Pneumococcus. The protective action is type-specific. The protective activity of the specific enzyme is destroyed by heat (70 degrees C. for 10 minutes). The enzyme remains in an effective concentration 24 to 48 hours after its injection into normal mice. The enzyme has been found to exert a favorable influence on the outcome of an infection already established at the time of treatment. A definite relationship has been found to exist between the activity of the enzyme in vitro and its protective power in the animal body. The mechanism of the protective action is discussed with special reference to the relation between the decapsulation of the bacteria by the enzyme and the phagocytic response of the host.
LibSBML: an API Library for SBML (2008)

LibSBML 3 was released in August 2007. Source code, binaries and documentation are freely available under LGPL open-source terms from http://sbml.org/software/libsbml.
The Immune System (2009)

The immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the body’s overall health and resistance to diseases. It comprises two branches, known as the innate or antigen-nonspecific branch, and the adaptive or antigen-specific branch. A truly effective immune defence is based on a balance of the different arms of the whole immune system. The human immune response system is very complex and carotenoids have been reported to have effects on many different aspects. To understand the significance of this it is necessary to have a working knowledge of the immune system. An outline of the main features and principles is given below, but the non-specialist reader is recommended to consult a modern biology or biochemistry textbook, or an introductory book on immunology.
Comparative evaluation of three assays for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma (1996)

Reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor), the branched DNA (bDNA) method (Quantiplex HIV-1 RNA) and the nucleic acid sequence-based assay (NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT) were comparatively evaluated for the quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma. Among 60 plasma specimens from HIV-1 infected patients, HIV-1 RNA was detected in 56 by Amplicor (sensitivity, 93.3%), in 41 by bDNA (sensitivity, 68.3%), and in 60 by NASBA (sensitivity, 100%). HIV-1 RNA was not detected by any of these methods in 34/34 plasma specimens from HIV-1-seronegative blood donors (specificity, 100%). The HIV-1 RNA levels as determined by the different methods were correlated significantly. The frequency of concordant results (log difference < 0.50) was 80.4% between Amplicor and NASBA, 77.5% between Amplicor and bDNA, and 58.6% between bDNA and NASBA. After initiation of antiviral therapy, HIV-1 RNA level variations observed with the three methods were similar. HIV-1 RNA levels were inversely correlated with the CD4+ T cell counts, whereas no correlation was found with HIV-1 p24-antigen levels. When the methods were evaluated for reproducibility, coefficients of variation ranged from 11% to 40% for Amplicor, from 6% to 35% for bDNA, and from 13% to 62% for NASBA. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in culture supernatants from HIV-1 subtype A to H strains showed that bDNA can be used to quantitate RNA from all HIV-1 subtypes, whereas Amplicor failed to detect RNA from subtype A strains and NASBA subtype G strains.
Effect of Phytotoxins Produced by<i>Botryosphaeria obtusa,</i>the Cause of Black Rot of Apple Fruit and Frogeye Leaf Spot (1991)

Botryosphaeria obtusa, which causes black rot of apple fruit and frogeye leaf spot, produced phytotoxins in culture, infected fruit, and spore germination fluids. Mellein was the most abundant toxin isolated from the culture fluid. Other toxins isolated were tyrosol, 4-hydroxymelein, 5-hydroxymellein, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Seventeen apple cultivars and eight weed species were used in a leaf bioassay to determine phytotoxicity of the toxins. The apple cultivars, Supergold and Silverspur, were highly sensitive to all toxins. Only three apple cultivars showed moderate resistance to most toxins (...)
Application of x-ray techniques in precision farming (2000)

The precision farming is a relatively new concept basing farming upon quantitative determination of various parameters in the farming practices. One of these parameters is accurate measurement of grain flow rates on real time basis. Although there are various techniques already available for this purpose, x-rays provide a very competitive alternative to the current state of art. In this work, the use of low energy bremsstrahlung x-ray, up to 30 keV, densitometry is demonstrated for grain flow rate measurements. Mass flow rates for corn are related to measured x-ray intensity in gray scale units with a 0.99 correlation coefficient for flow rates ranging from 2 kg/s to 6 kg/s. Higher flow rate values can be measured by using slightly more energetic x-rays or a higher tube current. Measurements were done in real time at a 30 Hz sampling rate. Flow rate measurements are independent of grain moisture due to a negligible change in the x-ray attenuation coefficients at typical moisture content values from 15% to 25%. Grain flow profile changes do not affect measurement accuracy. X-rays easily capture variations in the corn stream. Due to the low energy of the x-ray photons, biological shielding can easily be accomplished with 2 mm thick lead foil or 5 mm of steel.
Phytotoxins (1982)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
A Brief History of Downside Risk Measures (1999)

Downside risk measures in portfolio analysis purport to be a major improvement over traditional portfolio theory. This article traces the development of the concept from the initial portfolio theory articles in 1952 to articles in the Journal of Investing in 1994. An understanding of the issues facing the researchers provides better knowledge of the concept.
Nonlinear velocity inversion by a two-step Monte Carlo method (1994)

Abstract Seismic reflection data contain information on small-scale impedance variations and a smooth reference velocity model. Given a reference velocity model, the reflectors can be obtained by linearized migration-inversion. If the reference velocity is incorrect, the reflectors obtained by inverting different subsets of the data will be incoherent. We propose to use the coherency of these images to invert for the background velocity distribution. We have developed a two-step iterative inversion method in which we separate the retrieval of small-scale variations of the seismic velocity from the longer-period reference velocity model. Given an initial background velocity model, we use a waveform misfit-functional for the inversion of small-scale velocity variations. For this linear step we use the linearized migration-inversion method based on ray theory that we have recently developed with Lambare and Virieux. The reference velocity model is then updated by a Monte Carlo inversion method. For the nonlinear inversion of the velocity background, we introduce an objective functional that measures the coherency of the short wavelength components obtained by inverting different common shot gathers at the same locations. The nonlinear functional is calculated directly in migrated data space to avoid expensive numerical forward modeling by finite differences or ray theory. Our method is somewhat similar to an iterative migration velocity analysis, but we do an automatic search for relatively large-scale 1-D reference velocity models. We apply the nonlinear inversion method to a marine data set from the North Sea and also show that nonlinear inversion can be applied to realistic scale data sets to obtain a laterally heterogeneous velocity model with a reasonable amount of computer time.
Reversible recording and erasure of holograms in photodarkened As_2S_3 thin film (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Seung Gol Lee and Sang Soo Lee, "Reversible recording and erasure of holograms in photodarkened As2S3 thin film," Appl. Opt. 25, 4512-4514 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Simple Zinc Catalyst for Carbamate Synthesis Directly from CO<sub>2</sub> (2017)

Several zinc salts were employed as catalysts for the synthesis of carbamates directly from aromatic amines, CO<sub>2</sub> , and silicate esters. Zn(OAc)<sub>2</sub> offered the best performance among the salts tested. The addition of an N-donor ligand such as 1,10-phenanthroline increased the yield. The best catalytic performance of Zn(OAc)<sub>2</sub> can be explained by carboxylate-assisted proton activation. The interaction between the substrate and the catalyst can be observed by chemical shifts in <sup>1</sup> H and <sup>15</sup> N NMR spectra. Isocyanate was a key intermediate, which was generated from amine and CO<sub>2</sub> . Silicate ester was finally converted to siloxane, which was determined by <sup>29</sup> Si NMR. The commercially available catalyst system could be reused. The yield of isolated carbamate could reach up to 96 % with various substrates, and the catalytic reaction was amine-selective in the presence of other functional groups.
Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in men with ischemic stroke. Role of lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism. (1992)

Increased serum lipoprotein(a) levels and intermediate density lipoprotein abnormalities together with decreased high density lipoprotein levels are major risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, even in normocholesterolemic and normotriglyceridemic subjects. Finally, the epsilon 4 allele could probably be a predisposing genetic marker for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.