gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Development of Haemonchus contortus in Jirds, Meriones unguiculatus (1992)

Growth and development of Haemonchus contortus were examined in jirds and were compared to these processes in lambs. Number, sex, size, and stage of development were determined for worms recovered at necropsy at various times postinoculation (PI) from immunosuppressed jirds inoculated with approximately 1,000 exsheathed infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus. In addition, gastric tissue samples from jirds were examined histologically. Parallel studies were done in lambs inoculated with approximately 7,500 L3. Typically, 5-30% of the inoculum established and survived in jirds at reasonably stable numbers to day 14 PI. By day 21 PI, worm numbers in jirds decreased dramatically. Although the parasite was similar in size and development on day 4 PI in jirds and lambs, from day 7 PI on, worms were significantly smaller and less developed in jirds. On histological examination, the parasite was found only in the glandular portion of the stomach of jirds (anatomically similar to its predilection site in the abomasum of lambs), and histological changes were consistent for both host species. Although growth and development of H. contortus are slower and incomplete in jirds, the parasite establishes, grows, and develops (at anatomically comparable sites in both hosts) in this model. Thus, the model appears to provide a useful laboratory host to study H. contortus.
Distributed Interference Pricing for the MIMO Interference Channel (2009)

We study distributed algorithms for updating transmit preceding matrices for a two-user Multi-Input/Multi-Output (MIMO) interference channel. Our objective is to maximize the sum rate with linear Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) receivers, treating the interference as additive Gaussian noise. An iterative approach is considered in which given a set of preceding matrices and powers, each receiver announces an interference price (marginal decrease in rate due to an increase in interference) for each received beam, corresponding to a column of the precoding matrix. Given the interference prices from the neighboring receiver, and also knowledge of the appropriate cross-channel matrices, the transmitter can then update the beams and powers to maximize the rate minus the interference cost. Variations on this approach are presented in which beams are added sequentially (and then fixed), and in which all beams and associated powers are adjusted at each iteration. Numerical results are presented, which compare these algorithms with iterative water-filling (which requires no information exchange), and a centralized optimization algorithm, which finds locally optimal solutions. Our results show that the distributed algorithms perform close to the centralized algorithm, and by adapting the rank of the precoder matrices, achieve the optimal high-SNR slope.
Blood flows within and among rat muscles as a function of time during high speed treadmill exercise. (1983)

The purpose of these experiments was to use radiolabelled microspheres to measure blood flow distribution patterns within and among rat hind-limb skeletal muscles before, during, and after high speed treadmill running at 60 min-1 to fatigue. Exercise blood flows were measured at the 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 min time points. Pre-exercise blood flow was highest in physiological extensor muscles or muscle parts with large populations of slow-twitch muscle fibres, e.g. soleus (197 ml min-1 100 g-1). Blood flows were lowest to muscles or muscle parts with high proportions of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres, e.g. white gastrocnemius (15 ml min-1 100 g-1). The most rapid increases in blood flow at the beginning of exercise and the highest peak blood flows during exercise generally occurred in physiological extensor muscles with relatively high populations of fast-twitch oxidative fibres. For example, red gastrocnemius muscle blood flow increased by 271 ml min-1 100 g-1 during the first 30 s of exercise, and attained a peak flow of 395 ml min-1 100 g-1 by the third minute of exercise. On the other hand, the slowest elevations in blood flow at the start of exercise and the lowest peak flows were observed in muscles with high populations of fast-twitch glycolytic fibres. White gastrocnemius muscle, for example, increased its blood flow by 16 ml min-1 100 g-1 during the first 30 s of running, and had a peak flow of 76 ml min-1 100 g-1 by the end of 3 min exercise. These relationships between blood flows and fibre type populations were less consistent in physiological flexor muscle groups. Following exercise, blood flows in high-oxidative muscles returned to the pre-exercise levels within 30 s. However, in low-oxidative muscles, return of blood flows to the pre-exercise levels were slower. Thus, marked differences in the absolute magnitudes of blood flows and in the rates of change in blood flows were observed within and among the hind-limb muscles before, during and after exercise. These differences were related to the fibre type compositions of the muscles.
An Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior and Microstructures of Polyurethane Foams for Design Applications (2011)

A unified study on mechanical characterization and correlation with microstructures of three major varieties of polyurethane foam namely, viscoelastic (VE), high resilience (HR), and semi-rigid (SR), with engineering design applications in mind has been reported here. Cubical foam samples of VE, HR and SR varieties and different densities are tested under compressive loading. The recorded force-displacement data is used to clarify the distinct behaviors of short-term and long-term recovery of VE and HR foams, and crushability of SR foam. It is pointed out that foam of a given type can be suitable for a particular engineering design application based on its recoverability, strength and energy-absorption attributes. A possible relation between foam cellular structure and its mechanical behavior has been discussed.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Action of Glucose Oxidase (1964)

The glucose oxidase from molds has been st.udied by a number of workers (l-8). The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of n-glucose to n-glucono-b-lactone (7). Its substrate specificity has been examined, and it also attacks 2-deoxy-n-glucose, n-mannose, n-galactose, and n-xylose (5), although the turnover numbers for the last three sugars are very low. In this laboratory in recent years the formation of semiquinones in the oxidation and reduction of free flavins has been studied by spectrophotometry and electron spin resonance (9, lo), and attempts have been made to apply the results from model systems to flavin enzymes. No general relationship has been found between electron spin resonance signals and the appearance of absorption spectra corresponding to enzyme forms intermediate between fully oxidized and fully reduced flavin, nor do such oxidation-reduction intermediate forms necessarily play a part in catalysis (11). Each enzyme must therefore be examined separately, and the results of electron spin resonance and optical spectrophotometry correlated with rapid reaction studies, to establish whether or not intermediate forms of the enzyme react at rates sufficient to account for its catalytic activity. Electron spin resonance studies of glucose oxidase have already been reported by Beinert and Sands (12) and by Mason et al. (13), and while our own experiments on the glucose oxidase from AspergiZZus niger were in progress, Nakamura and Ogura (14) published an important paper on the kinetics of the oxidation of glucose by the enzyme from Penicillium arnagaskiense. Briefly, these papers indicate that semiquinoid intermediates play no part in the catalytic mechanism of glucose oxidase. This paper describes kinetic experiments by manometric and stopped flow methods with several substrates. Our experimental results confirm and extend those of Nakamura and Ogura (14), although our additional experiment.s suggest that a different interpretation is required to accommodate all the observations. Whereas Nakamura and Ogura identified a first order rate-limiting step with the conversion of enzyme-glucose complex to reduced enzyme and product, our results can be adequately explained without postulating the formation of an enzymeglucose complex, and we propose the dissociation of product from an enzyme-product complex as a first order rate-limiting step. With 2-deoxyglucose, however, there seems to be a typi-
CARBOXYLIC CATION EXCHANGE RESIN EFFECTS IN DOGS (1951)

Body weight and analyses of blood and serum in dogs receiving an exchange resin in the H or the Na cycle Subject TIme Therapy Body Wgt.
SYSTEMIC ADVERSE REACTIONS TO GLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS (1989)

From the Department of Ophthalmology, National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR.
One-Step Multifunctionalization of Random Copolymers via Self-Assembly (2003)

A novel methodology for random copolymer functionalization based on a noncovalent, one-step, multifunctionalization strategy has been developed. Random copolymers possessing both palladated-pincer complexes and diaminopyridine moieties (hydrogen-bonding entities) have been synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Noncovalent functionalization of the resultant copolymers is accomplished via (1) directed self-assembly, (2) multistep self-assembly, and (3) one-step orthogonal self-assembly. This system shows complete specificity of each recognition motif for its complementary unit, with no observable changes in the association constants regardless of the degree of functionalization.
A broadband pseudo-cascade active control system (1992)

Because conventional feedback control systems have a gain-bandwidth limitation, a given level of noise reduction can only be achieved over a limited bandwidth. For a conventional control system, this limitation can be alleviated by using multiple stages in cascade, each stage dedicated to a portion of the desired operating band. However, for active noise cancellation there is a problem because only one entry point to the system is available and a direct cascade is not physically possible. The pseudocascade configuration is introduced for alleviating this problem. An analysis of a single-stage broadband active control system characterizes the response by the cancellation bandwidth and the out-of-band overshoot. These results are then used to synthesize a multistage cascade with offset reference frequencies. A numerical example of a sixth-order three-stage design shows that for a 4 dB overshoot constraint, the 15 dB cancellation bandwidth is increased by a factor of 2 compared with the single-stage design. A further increase of cancellation bandwidth can be achieved with additional stages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effective excursion detection and source isolation with defect inspection and classification (2002)

In this paper, new methodologies for effective process excursion monitoring and defect source isolation are proposed. We introduce a new defect classification scheme, in which relevant defect types that are likely to be caused by the same mechanism or source are grouped into a "defect family." We demonstrate that trending by the defect family drastically improves the excursion detection efficiency without suffering noise from irrelevant benign defects. Furthermore we have developed a methodology for identifying the source of the excursion using defect type Pareto. This is based on the fact that the signature of defect type Pareto leads to the defect source information and thus possibly indicates the origin of the problem. Thus both process control and excursion source identification can be achieved simultaneously by effective defect classification.
Heike Grahn-Hoek, Die fränkische Oberschicht im 6. Jahrhundert. Studien zu ihrer rechtlichen und politischen Stellung (1978)

Theis Laurent. Heike Grahn-Hoek, Die fränkische Oberschicht im 6. Jahrhundert. Studien zu ihrer rechtlichen und politischen Stellung. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 33ᵉ année, N. 3, 1978. pp. 483-484.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Resistance to Ingenol 3-Angelate, a Novel Protein Kinase C Modulator, in Colon Cancer Cells (2009)

Acquired resistance to protein kinase C (PKC) modulators may explain the failure of clinical trials in patients with cancer. Herein, we established a human colon cancer cell line resistant to PEP005, a drug that inhibits PKCalpha and activates PKCdelta. Colo205-R cells, selected by stepwise exposure to PEP005, were >300-fold more resistant to PEP005 than parental Colo205-S cells and were cross-resistant to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, bryostatin, bistratene A, and staurosporine. No PKCalpha or PKCdelta mutation was detected in Colo205-S and Colo205-R cells. Changes in Colo205-R cells were reminiscent of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Accordingly, Colo205-R cells were more invasive than Colo205-S in Matrigel assays and in mouse xenografts. We also found an increased mRNA expression of several EMT genes, such as those encoding for transforming growth factor-beta and vimentin, along with a decreased mRNA expression of genes involved in epithelial differentiation, such as CDH1 (E-cadherin), CLDN4 (claudin 4), S100A4, and MUC1, in Colo205-R compared with Colo205-S cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, high expression of ET-1 was shown in Colo205-R cells and correlated with low sensitivity to PEP005 and staurosporine in a panel of 10 human cancer cell lines. Inhibition of the ET-1 receptor ETR-A with bosentan restored the antiproliferative effects of PEP005 in Colo205-R cells and decreased the invasive properties of this cell line. Exogenous exposure to ET-1 and silencing ET-1 expression using small interfering RNA modulated cell signaling in Colo205-S and Colo205-R. In summary, acquired resistance to PEP005 was associated with expression of EMT markers and activates the ET-1/ETR-A cell signaling.
Handbook of Optical Systems (2012)

Modulation Transfer Function 50 36.6.6 Visual Acuity 57 36.6.7 Resolution 58 36.6.8Stray Light 62 36.6.9Measuring the Performance of the Eye 62 36.7 Binocular Vision 63 36.7.1 Introduction 63 36.7.2 Convergence 65 36.7.3 Stereo Vision and Depth Discrimination 67 36.8Eye Defects 69 36.8.1 Introduction 69 36.8.2 Myopia 70 36.8.3 Hyperopia 70 36.8.4 Astigmatism 72 36.8.5 Aniseikonia 72 36.8.6 Color Aberrations 72 36.8.7 Spreading and Aging Effects 73 36.8.8 Cataract 75 36.9Correction of Eye Aberrations 75 36.9.1 Correcting Refraction by Spectacles 75 36.9.2 Binoculars with Corrected Oblique Astigmatism 36.9.3More Complicated Spectacle Shapes 82 36.9.4
Electrical and physical characteristics of thin nitrided oxides prepared by rapid thermal nitridation (1987)

Ultrathin oxides (5-12 nm) were nitrided by lamp-heated rapid thermal annealing in ammonia at temperatures of 900-1150°C for 5-300 s. Elemental depth profiles were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Both the nitrogen concentration measured by AES and the hydrogen one measured by SIMS for a nitrided oxide are found to increase monotonically as nitridation proceeds. The AES depth profiles of oxygen show that the Si-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface does not move during nitridation. Dependences of midgap interface state density ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D_{it}_{m}</tex> ) and fixed charge density (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> ) on nitridation temperature and on oxide thickness were studied. For a given temperature, both <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D_{it}_{m}</tex> and (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> ) are found to show turnarounds as nitridation time increases in a similar manner: at first both increase, reach respective maxima at a certain nitridation time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t_{\max}</tex> , and then decrease gradually. The ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D_{it}_{m}</tex> ) and (N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> ) increase more rapidly and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t_{\max}</tex> is shorter as the nitridation temperature is raised or the oxide film is thinner. The maximum of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D_{it}_{m}</tex> increases as the oxide film is thinner. A two-step model is newly proposed to explain the turn-around behaviors of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D_{it}_{m}</tex> and N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</inf> : the first step is defect formation as a result of nitrogen incorporation and the second step is reduction of the defects by an annealing-type process. The simulation reproduces the turnaround behaviors very well.
Quantitative Phase Imaging With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography for Optical Measurement of Nanostructures (2012)

In this letter, a phase-sensitive, swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system is implemented for the optical measurement of nanostructures. A new approach is proposed to reduce the phase errors, resulting from trigger jitter of the swept source and the asynchronization between the A-scan trigger and OCT signal at the data acquisition end, with a narrowband fiber Bragg grating to generate the accurate A-scan trigger. Furthermore, combining the common-path configuration with the proposed approach, the displacement sensitivity can be calculated to be 80 pm when the swept source is operated at 30 kHz. Finally, the conducting glass was scanned with the proposed approach to quantitatively measure the thickness of conducting layer. The results show that the proposed SS-OCT approach can make be a potentially useful tool for noninvasive, real-time inspection of nanostructures.
Advanced OS/2 programming : the Microsoft guide to the OS/2 kernel for assembly language and C programmers (1989)

Included in this volume is all the detailed, technical information needed to transform high-level MS-DOS programmers into capable OS/2 programmers. Introductory sections provide overviews to the potent new features of OS/2 and the structure of an OS/2 application program. Later sections discuss memory management, multitasking, interprocess communications, child processes, mass storage and much more. There is also a complete reference section covering more than 200 new system service calls, with essential information on their functions, calling arguments, returned results and special uses - all explained with the help of clear examples. Ray Duncan is the author of Advanced MS-DOS.
DECODE: A Co‐operative Program Understanding Environment (1996)

The large size and high-percentage of domain-specific code in most legacy systems makes it unlikely that automated tools will be able to extract a complete underlying design. Yet automated tools can clearly recognize portions of the design. This suggests exploring environments in which programmer and system work together to understand legacy software. DECODE is such an environment. It supports programmer and system co-operation to extract design information from legacy software systems. DECODE's automated program understanding component recognizes standard implementations of domain independent plans to produce an initial knowledge base of object-orientated design elements. DECODE's structured notebook component provides the user with a graphical view of the initial understanding, which the user can extend by linking arbitrary source code fragments to either existing or new design elements, and then uses this design information to support conceptual queries about the program's code and design.
Population pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous C1‐inhibitor for prevention of attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema (2018)

Twice-weekly bodyweight-adjusted dosing of C1-INH (SC) exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and dose-dependent increases in C<sub>trough</sub> levels at each dosing interval. In this analysis, SC dosing led to maintenance of higher C<sub>trough</sub> levels than IV dosing.
Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview (2011)

It is becoming increasingly critical to identify potential toxicities early in the development of new chemical entities, be they for the pharmaceutical or chemical industries. Our current approaches have limitations and the utility of animal data may not always ensure the safety of a chemical or pharmaceutical in humans. Predictive toxicology is often thought of in terms of in silico computational approaches. However, the concept of predictive toxicology has broader implications and in this context the chapters in this book discuss in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches that are being developed and applied in regard to toxicity prediction, and how these approaches may be integrated into modeling and simulation approaches for human hazard and risk assessment. Ultimately, it will be how we use and evaluate all of the data and approaches that will assist in making the breakthrough that is needed in assessing risks and improving the human safety of chemicals, and thereby reducing attrition of drug candidates due to safety issues and the potential human health hazards associated with chemical exposures. The various chapters in this book also reflect the growing need for improvements in our technologies and abilities to predict the toxicities of pharmaceutical and industrial chemicals to ensure product safety and the protection of public health. It brings together leading experts in the fields of toxicology and risk assessment to discuss their views on the current status of toxicity prediction as well as their visions of the future needs and challenges.
Effect of Silk Fibroin Interpenetrating Networks on Swelling/Deswelling Kinetics and Rheological Properties of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels (2006)

Novel protein/synthetic polymer hybrid interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) have been prepared by using methanol to postinduce SF crystallization. Those IPNs having the beta sheet crystalline structure of SF show improved storage and loss moduli. The IPN hydrogels show the same volume phase transition temperature and NaCl concentration as pure PNIPAAm hydrogels. The PNIPAAm/SF IPNs keep the swelling kinetics of PNIPAAm, while showing increased deswelling kinetics. The IPNs with SF beta sheet structure should decrease the formation of the skin layer observed in conventional PNIPAAm hydrogels. Therefore, the proposed IPN hydrogels composed of protein/polymer provide fast deswelling rates as well as improved mechanical properties over pure PNIPAAm hydrogels. The effect of SF beta sheet networks on the IPNs copolymerized with acrylic acid (AAc) (P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)/SF IPNs) is compared with that on the PNIPAAm/SF IPNs, and the parameters controlling the deswelling kinetics of the IPNs are investigated. Three parameters, (1) the skin layer formation, (2) the restriction of SF beta sheet networks, and (3) the aggregation force of NIPAAm chains, are cooperatively involved in the deswelling process of IPN hydrogels according to the SF content and the presence of the AAc moiety.