gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromachined planar inductors on silicon wafers for MEMS applications (1998)

This paper describes three micromachined planar inductors (a spiral type, a solenoid type, and a toroidal meander type) with electroplated nickel-iron permalloy cores which have been realized on a silicon wafer using micromachining techniques. The electrical properties among the fabricated inductors are compared and the related fabrication issues are discussed, with emphasis on the low-temperature CMOS-compatible process, the high current-carrying capacity, the high magnetic flux density, the closed magnetic circuits, and the low product cost. The micromachined on-chip inductors can be applied for magnetic microelectromechanical systems devices, such as micromotors, microactuators, microsensors, and integrated power converters, which envisages new micropower magnetics on a chip with integrated circuits.
Primary User authentication of cognitive radio network using underlay waveform (2017)

Primary User Emulation (PUE) attack is one of the major concerns and problems in cognitive radio networks. Essentially, an intruder who tries to interfere and occupy the vacant spectrum of the primary user (PU) can emulate or impersonate the primary user by mimicking certain characteristics and features of the primary user signal. As a direct result, it may seem to secondary users (SUs) as though the primary user is still using the spectrum when in reality the intruder has unleashed a PUE attack denying SU spectrum access. In this paper, we propose a novel primary use authentication scheme to solve the PUE attack problem by employing an underlay RF fingerprint in the primary users signal. Specifically, we intentionally introduce an underlay waveform on top of the header of the legitimate primary users signal. This underlay waveform is consisted of wider bandwidth and higher baud rate than those of the original primary users signal. As a direct result, the underlay waveform exhibits a unique and different cyclostationary feature than that of the primary user signal. At the CR, a sophisticated cyclostationary analysis algorithm, combined with a primary user signal cancellation, is capable of revealing this unique cyclostationary feature to authenticate and validate the identity of the legitimate PU. The PUE attack signal, on the other hand, will not reveal this cyclostationary feature and fail to pass the authentication.
Force-reflection and shared compliant control in operating telemanipulators with time delay (1992)

Shared compliant control has been incorporated into an advanced six-degree-of-freedom force-reflecting telemanipulation system. With this system the authors have investigated the effect of time delay on human telemanipulation task performance. Time delays of between 2 and 4096 ms were introduced between master and slave arms, and high-precision peg-in-hole tasks were performed by six test operators with two modes of control: kinesthetic force feedback (KFF) and shared compliant control (SCC). Task performance was quantified in terms of the completion time (CT) and the sum of square forces (SOSF). The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of SCC over KFF for time-delayed telemanipulation. SCC has significantly lower rates of increase than KFF in both CT and SOSF with time delay. Only SCC enabled task performance at delays above 1 s. Constant force maintenance tasks were also performed to investigate the effect of time delay on the stability of force reflection. SCC also has beneficial effects on telemanipulation without time delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of lipid A and liposomes containing lipid A on platelet and fibrinogen production in rabbits (1980)

The effect of the lipid A moiety of endotoxin on platelet and fibrinogen production was studied in rabbits. Lipid A was infused intravenously in doses ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms/kg body mass; 18 hr later, selenomethionine-75Se was injected intravenously and its incorporation into fibrinogen and platelets determined. Lipid A in saline stimulated fibrinogen and platelet production, but the dose required was 50--100 times that required for an intact endotoxin. Although lipid A solubilized in triethylamine (TEA) was at least 60 times more active in the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay than was lipid A suspended in saline, the sensitivity of platelet and fibrinogen production to solubilized lipid A was increased only twofold. Incorporation of lipid A into liposomes had no effect on its Limulus activity. Lipid A in liposomes continued to stimulate platelet, but not fibrinogen, production. Leukopenia that was induced by lipid A in TEA did not occur when rabbits received the same dose of lipid A in liposomes. Lipid A, like intact endotoxin, can stimulate platelet and fibrinogen production and induce leukopenia but the doses required are high. The low solubility of lipid A in aqueous solutions may be only one factor that determines its biologic activity.
Effects of spatial separation on the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) with vastly different spacing were grown by catalytically controlled dc glow discharge chemical vapor deposition. Both densely packed VACNFs and essentially isolated VACNFs were studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The morphology and chemical composition of isolated VACNFs were found to have a strong dependence upon the growth conditions, in particular on the C2H2/NH3 gas mixture used. This is attributed to the sidewalls of isolated VACNFs being exposed to reactive species during growth. In contrast, the sidewalls of densely packed VACNFs were shielded by the neighboring VACNFs, so that their growth occurred mainly in the vertical direction, by diffusion of carbon through the catalyst nanoparticle and subsequent precipitation at the nanofiber/nanoparticle interface. These striking differences in the growth process result in the formation of flattened carbon nanostructures (carbon nanotriangles) and also are quite important for the realization of VACNF-based devices.
Procholecystokinin as Marker of Human Ewing Sarcomas (2004)

This is the first study that consistently documents an altered CCK metabolism in human cancer; Ewing sarcomas synthesize and secrete proCCK that can be identified in plasma as circulating tumor marker.
Attenuation by Ozone and the Earth’s Albedo in the Middle Ultraviolet (1964)

An approximate analytical expression is developed for the attenuation of middle ultraviolet radiation along slant paths through the atmosphere. The independent variables are wavelength, altitude of source (the detector is assumed to be above the atmosphere), angle of path with respect to zenith, and three parameters which characterize the ozone distribution. An approximate analytical expression is also developed for the scattered solar radiance seen by a satellite. Here the independent variables are the wavelength, the look angle and the sun angle with respect to the zenith, the scattering angle, and again three parameters which characterize the ozone distribution. The results based upon the formula are compared with previous studies and an experimental measurement.
Interaction of benzene with bilayers. Thermal and structural studies (1982)

The thermal and structural properties of saturated phosphatidylcholine liposomes are significantly altered by benzene. Upon the addition of benzene, the liposomes first swell and then disperse into small multilamellar vesicles. At 20 degrees C these vesicles contain striations or ripples in the plane of the bilayer. Major changes in the thermal behavior of DSPC-benzene liposomes occur near mole ratios of 2:1 and 1:1. At a 2:1 mole ratio, the area under the main endothermic peak, delta Hm, essentially disappears; however, the total heat absorbed, delta Hf, remains approximately equal to that of the control. This occurs because for benzene mole fractions 0.12 less than x less than 0.50, benzene increases the apparent molar heat capacity, Cp, of the gel phase to about 1.2 kcal/(mol . deg). We interpret this increase in heat capacity to be due to an increase in the concentration of defects (or disorder) in the gel phase. At mole fractions of benzene between 0.5 and 0.9, the transition temperature decreases by 20-30 degrees C, and broad, multiple transitions are observed. From 0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.9, the apparent molar heat capacity of the liquid-crystal phase increases to that of the defected rippled gel phase. The value of delta Hf approaches the heat of fusion for 2 mol of n-octadecane, suggesting that benzene uncouples the liquid-crystalline acyl chains. The lipids affected by benzene or "boundary lipids" have higher heat capacity than nonperturbed lipids. The apparent molar specific heat, Cp, of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) multilamellar vesicles is 0.20 +/- 0.05 kcal/(mol. deg) in the L beta', P beta, and L alpha phases. Cp fluctuates about this value in all three phases upon repeated phase transitions in the same sample. However, the value of Cp in the P beta (rippled) phase exhibits much greater fluctuations in Cp than that in the L alpha phase. We attribute these fluctuations to crystal packing defects.
Fungal Aneurysms of Intracranial Vessels (1976)

Intracranial fungal aneurysms arise from major cerebral arteries. Fungi directly invade vessel walls from the luminal surface (fungal emboli) or from the adventitia (fungal meningitis). The vasa vasorum are free of fungi. Aneurysmal rupture is common with extensive hemorrhagic necrosis of the surrounding brain. Aspergillus is the usual causative agent; its sources are nasal sinusitis or endocarditis.
Hydrogenation of low molar mass OH‐telechelic polybutadienes catalyzed by homogeneous Ziegler nickel catalysts (2002)

Abstract Two types of low molar mass, medium vinylic polybutadienes containing 2‐hydroxypropyl and 2‐hydroxyethyl end groups were hydrogenated in the presence of several homogeneous Ziegler Ni catalysts prepared by using Ni(acac) 2 and Ni(2‐ethylhexanoate) 2 as metal precursors and BuLi, Li adduct to a diene and Et 3 Al as activators. The catalytic efficiency of these systems determined by rate measurements showed that the best results can be achieved with the Ni(2‐hexanoate) 2 + Li‐diene (Ni : Li mol ratio = l : 8–10) catalyst in the solvents commonly used in the synthesis of these polyalkadienes by anionic polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene. As found by the kinetic study, the hydrogenation carried out under mild reaction conditions (temperatures of 10–35°C, hydrogen pressure of 72–178 kPa, Ni concentration of 2.1–10.0 mmol/dm −3 ) was the first order in the OH‐polybutadiene and hydrogen and, over narrow range of catalyst concentrations (4.3–10.0 mmol Ni/dm −3 ), also in the catalyst. The activation energy of the hydrogenation estimated from the Arrhenius plot was 42 kJ/mol. Changes in the relative proportion of 1,2‐, cis ‐1,4‐, and trans ‐1,4‐CC units of the polymer during hydrogenation indicate the selectivity of the catalyst to the 1,2‐hydrogenation. The ease of the addition of hydrogen to the internal CC unsaturation was found to be opposite to that usually observed ( trans > cis ). The present low‐pressure hydrogenation of both types of telechelic OH‐polybutadienes proceeds with full retention of the average OH functionality and affords the saturated polymers, the residual CC unsaturation of which (<1%) has so far been usually achieved by high‐pressure hydrogenations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1185–1193, 2002
A network analyst's assistant (2003)

A software system that supports analysts in their investigation of network objects, metrics, and relations provides the analyst with a structured language for referring to performance measures, independent of how they are stored in a database. Interactive maps, graphs, and tables are used to present the data in a natural form, aided by this knowledge of data type. The unfolding investigation is presented graphically to orient and guide the analyst.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cardiac arrhythmias that masquerade as epilepsy. (1977)

Over six months 10 patients, representing 20% of those referred to a neurological department with possible idiopathic epilepsy, were subsequently considered to have cardiac arrhythmias that caused or significantly contributed to their symptoms. In some cases relevant arrhythmias were shown only after prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring. Although several theoretical and practical factors need to be assessed when considering the cardiac basis for cerebral disturbances, unsuspected cardiac arrhythmias may underlie "epilepsy" in many patients.
Fast and reliable generation of [<sup>18</sup>F]triflyl fluoride, a gaseous [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoride source (2018)

A novel strategy for the production of reactive [18F]fluoride has been developed, omitting time consuming azeotropic drying procedures. Gaseous [18F]triflyl fluoride is formed instantaneously at room temperature from hydrated [18F]fluoride, followed by distillation in less than 5 minutes into a dry aprotic solvent, in which dry [18F]fluoride is released in presence of base with >90% radiochemical yield. The reactivity of the [18F]fluoride has been confirmed by reaction with several model compounds and by the synthesis of the PET tracers [18F]fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) and O-2-[18F]fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET), providing good isolated radiochemical yields and molar activities of up to 123 GBq μmol-1.
Regioselective eliminations in reactions of carbohydrate derivatives with superoxide, or with borohydride in 2-propanol (1981)

The reaction between 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1,5-di-O-mesyl-D-glucitol (2) and potassium superoxide resulted in the loss of H-4 and the 5-mesyloxy (as well as 1-mesyloxy) substituent, and an almost quantitative conversion into enol ether 4, i.e., 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-benzyl-3-dehydro-2-deoxy-L-threo-hex-2-enitol. When the reaction was performed with 8, in which the 1-O-mesyl group (of 2) is replaced by O-(methoxy)trityl, the outcome was wholly different: an olefin was formed through the removal of a primary (H-6) rather than a secondary (H-4) proton, and nucleophilic displacement also took place. Results similar to those for 8 were obtained with the 2-epimer of 2, i.e., 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1,5-di-O-mesyl-D-mannitol (12). It is suggested that selective displacement of the 1-O-mesyl group of 2 by superoxide generates a 1-peroxy anion (6) that abstracts H-4 intramolecularly, promoting concomitant loss of the 5-mesyloxy group. The transition state for proton abstraction within anion 6 appears to be more stable than that of the corresponding anion in the manno series, accounting for the different reaction routes for 2 and 12. Elimination occurred also in the reduction of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose with sodium borohydride in 2-propanol, en route to 2, affording 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-threo-hex-2-enitol (21). The l H nmr spectra of alditol derivatives 2, 8, and 12 show that these molecules depart substantially from extended zigzag conformations, in contrast to configurationally related peracetylated acyclic derivatives.
A novel surface treatment process for enhanced adhesion of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fibres to epoxy resins (1993)

Ultra-high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fibres have been treated using a novel 'non-plasma' treatment allowing the incorporation of various chemical functional groups onto the polymer surface. The process comprises two steps: corona discharge treatment, followed by silanization of the polymer surface by a solution of an organo-functional silane. Corona discharge treatment incorporates oxygen-containing functionalities, e.g. reactive hydroxyl groups, onto the polymer surface. The presence of reactive -OH groups provides the possibility of covalent linkage of any organo-functional silane to the corona discharge-treated polymer in the form of a fibre, film, sheet, or powder. The effectiveness of the process was assessed by examining the interlaminar fracture energy and flexural modulus and by SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces of composites fabricated from the untreated, corona discharge-treated, ammonia plasma-treated, and the amine-grafted (using the novel process) UHMPE fabric. A significant improvement in interfacial adhesion was confirmed by increases in the interlaminar fracture energies and flexural moduli. The effectiveness of the process investigated is similar to the ammonia plasma treatment. SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces indicated a change in the fracture mode from purely adhesive for unmodified fibres, through to mixed failure mode for corona-treated material, to highly cohesive-in-fibre surface for amine-grafted UHMPE fibres. XPS analysis confirmed the incorporation of the amine groups onto the surface of polyethylene treated using the novel method.
Éloge funèbre de M. Frederik William Thomas, correspondant étranger de l'Académie (1956)

Robert Louis, Bacot Jacques. Éloge funèbre de M. Frederik William Thomas, correspondant étranger de l'Académie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 100ᵉ année, N. 2, 1956. pp. 248-250.
Dosage du mercure dans le gaz naturel par absorption atomique sans flammes (1977)

Cet article présente la méthode mise au point par l'Institut Français du Pétrole pour déterminer par absorption atomique sans flamme, les traces de mercure métallique contenu dans un gaz naturel. La méthode d'analyse nécessite une extraction du mercure soit sous forme d'ion mercurique en faisant passer le gaz dans une solution oxydante, soit sous forme d'amalgame avec de l'or ou de l'argent. Le premier mode opératoire s'applique aux échantillons dont la concentration en mercure est supérieure à I ttg/Nm3, le second pour des concentrations inférieures à 5 pg/Nm3. Les seuils de détection sont respectivement 10 ng (en solution) et 0,3 ng (en amalgame). La répétabilité pour 100 ng de mercure (en amalgame) est de ± 7% pour une probabilité de.95 %. En conclusion, dans un échantillon de gaz naturel, compte tenu du volume des prélèvements effectués, il est possible de détecter des concentrations de l'ordre du nanogramme de mercure par mètre cube de gaz.
Anonymous Vehicle Tracking for Real-Time Traffic Surveillance (2002)

Author(s): Oh, Cheol; Ritchie, Stephen G. | Abstract: One of the fundamental requirements of facilitating the implementation of any advanced transportation management and information system (ATMIS) is the development of real-time traffic surveillance systems that can produce reliable and accurate traffic performance measures. This paper presents a new methodology for evaluating traffic surveillance systems using microscopic simulation models. A systematic simulation investigation of the performance and feasibility of anonymous vehicle tracking on arterials using the Paramics simulation model is performed. Previous research experience with vehicle reidentification techniques on single roadway segments is used to investigate the performance obtainable from tracking individual vehicles across multiple detector stations to obtain real-time path flow information such as travel time and volume. Our findings serve as a logical and necessary precursor to possible field implementation of vehicle reidentification techniques. The methodology, designed to evaluate a traffic surveillance system using microscopic traffic simulation, provides a valuable tool for investigating and comparing the performance of newly-developed traffic surveillance systems.
Automatic skin and hair masking using fully convolutional networks (2017)

Selfies have become commonplace. More and more people take pictures of themselves, and enjoy enhancing these pictures using a variety of image processing techniques. One specific functionality of interest is automatic skin and hair segmentation, as this allows for processing one's skin and hair separately. Traditional approaches require user input in the form of fully specified trimaps, or at least of “scribbles” indicating foreground and background areas, with high-quality masks then generated via matting. Manual input, however, can be difficult or tedious, especially on a smartphone's small screen. In this paper, we propose the use of fully convolutional networks (FCN) and fully-connected CRF to perform pixel-level semantic segmentation into skin, hair and background. The trimap thus generated is given as input to a standard matting algorithm, resulting in accurate skin and hair alpha masks. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the LFW Parts dataset [1]. The effectiveness of our method is also demonstrated with a specific application case.
Critical role of <i>all</i> - <i>trans</i> retinoic acid in stabilizing human natural regulatory T cells under inflammatory conditions (2014)

Recent studies have demonstrated that thymus-derived naturally occurring CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in human and mouse may be unstable and dysfunctional in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. All-trans RA (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been shown to regulate Treg and T effector cell differentiation. We hypothesize atRA stabilizes human natural Tregs (nTregs) under inflammatory conditions. atRA prevents human nTregs from converting to Th1 and/or Th17 cells and sustains their Foxp3 expression and suppressive function in vitro or in vivo following encounters with IL-1 and IL-6. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of human nTregs pretreated with atRA significantly enhanced their suppressive effects on xenograft-vs.-host diseases (xGVHDs), and atRA- but not rapamycin-pretreated nTregs sustained the functional activity against xGVHD after stimulation with IL-1/IL-6. atRA suppresses IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) up-regulation, accelerates IL-6R down-regulation, and diminishes their signaling events as well as prevents the up-regulation of STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 on Foxp3(+) cells following IL-1/IL-6 stimulation. atRA also increases histone acetylation on Foxp3 gene promoter and CpG demethylation in the region of Foxp3 locus (i.e., Treg-specific demethylated region). These results strongly implicate that nTregs primed with atRA may represent a novel treatment strategy to control established chronic immune-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis with a pMyong2 vector expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Gag can induce enhanced virus-specific immune responses (2017)

Recently, we have developed a novel Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector system using pMyong2, which can provide an enhanced expression of heterologous genes in recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (rSmeg). To investigate the usefulness of rSmeg using pMyong2 in vaccine application, we vaccinated M. smegmatis with pMyong2 system expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) Gag p24 antigen (rSmeg-pMyong2-p24) into mice and examined its cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV gag protein. We found that rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 expressed higher levels of Gag protein in bacteria, macrophage cell line (J774A.1) and mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) compared to rSmeg strains using two other vector systems, pAL5000 derived vector (rSmeg-pAL-p24) and the integrative plasmid, pMV306 (rSmeg-pMV306-p24). Inoculation of mice with rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 elicited more effective immunity compared to the other two rSmeg strains, as evidenced by higher levels of HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte proliferation, interferon gamma ELISPOT cell induction, and antibody production. Furthermore, rSmeg-pMyong2-p24 showed a higher level of cytotoxic T cell response against target cells expressing Gag p24 proteins. Our data suggest that Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector system with pMyong2 may provide an advantage in vaccine application of rSmeg over other vector systems.