gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novel Antifungal (1,3)-β- <scp>d</scp> -Glucan Synthase Inhibitors (2000)

ABSTRACT The increasing incidence of life-threatening fungal infections has driven the search for new, broad-spectrum fungicidal agents that can be used for treatment and prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. Natural-product inhibitors of cell wall (1,3)-β- d -glucan synthase such as lipopeptide pneumocandins and echinocandins as well as the glycolipid papulacandins have been evaluated as potential therapeutics for the last two decades. As a result, MK-0991 (caspofungin acetate; Cancidas), a semisynthetic analogue of pneumocandin B o , is being developed as a broad-spectrum parenteral agent for the treatment of aspergillosis and candidiasis. This and other lipopeptide antifungal agents have limited oral bioavailability. Thus, we have sought new chemical structures with the mode of action of lipopeptide antifungal agents but with the potential for oral absorption. Results of natural-product screening by a series of newly developed methods has led to the identification of four acidic terpenoid (1,3)-β- d -glucan synthase inhibitors. Of the four compounds, the in vitro antifungal activity of one, enfumafungin, is comparable to that of L-733560, a close analogue of MK-0991. Like the lipopeptides, enfumafungin specifically inhibits glucan synthesis in whole cells and in (1,3)-β- d -glucan synthase assays, alters the morphologies of yeasts and molds, and produces a unique response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with point mutations in FKS1 , the gene which encodes the large subunit of glucan synthase.
Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of the Canonical Wnt Pathway (2011)

Wnt signaling is known to regulate multiple processes including angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Here, we identified a novel inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a multifunctional serine proteinase inhibitor. Both overexpression of PEDF in transgenic mice and administration of PEDF protein attenuated Wnt signaling induced by retinal ischemia. Furthermore, PEDF knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and PEDF knockout in PEDF(-/-) mice induced activation of Wnt signaling. PEDF bound to LRP6, a Wnt coreceptor, with high affinity (K(d) [dissociation constant] of 3.7 nM) and blocked the Wnt signaling induced by Wnt ligand. The physical interaction of PEDF with LRP6 was confirmed by a coprecipitation assay, which showed that PEDF bound to LRP6 at the E1E2 domain. In addition, binding of PEDF to LRP6 blocked Wnt ligand-induced LRP6-Frizzled receptor dimerization, an essential step in Wnt signaling. These results suggest that PEDF is an endogenous antagonist of LRP6, and blocking Wnt signaling may represent a novel mechanism for its protective effects against diabetic retinopathy.
Imaging pulmonary blood flow and perfusion using phase‐sensitive selective inversion recovery (2000)

A technique is described for imaging pulmonary blood flow using a phase-sensitive selective inversion recovery (PS-SIR) sequence. PS-SIR image reconstruction provides excellent contrast, differentiating fully relaxed inflowing blood from inverted blood and lung tissue. The magnetization of the inverted tissues remains negative at any inversion delay less than that at which the magnetization of the lung tissue is nulled, whereas that of the fully relaxed inflowing blood is always positive. Pulmonary blood flow can be observed by tracking the propagation of the pixels with positive values. Five healthy volunteers were imaged. The normal pattern of blood flow advancing from the central arteries toward the peripheries and into the lung parenchyma with return toward the center via draining veins was depicted. The method offers promise for evaluating pulmonary blood flow without the need for image subtraction or contrast administration. Magn Reson Med 43:793–795, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Substrate integrated waveguide crossover formed by orthogonal TE<inf>102</inf> resonators (2017)

A simple yet efficient substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) crossover circuit is presented. It is formed by excitation of two orthogonal full-wavelength (TE102-mode) resonators whose centers coincide with that of the symmetric SIW cross junction. Half-wavelength (TE101-mode) resonators are added in all four ports to increase bandwidth. The SIW crossover is designed to operate at 24.75 GHz with a bandwidth of 3 GHz. A prototype is fabricated on RT/duroid 6002, and measurements agree well with simulations. The minimum measured return loss is better than 17 dB, maximum insertion loss is 1.1 dB, and isolation between the channels is better than 12 dB. Based on these results, two other crossovers with isolation better than 23 dB are proposed.
Aviator's guide to GPS (1994)

No other guide helps you navigate the Global Positioning System (GPS) like this one--with the latest applications for air, surface, and marine travel.
The DNA hybridization assay using single-walled carbon nanotubes as ultrasensitive, long-term optical labels (2006)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit strong Raman signals as well as fluorescence emissions in the near infrared region. Such signals do not blink or photobleach under prolonged excitation, which is an advantage in optical nano-biomarker applications. In this paper, we present single-stranded DNA conjugated SWNT probes to locate a particular sequence of DNA within a complex genome. Chromosomal DNAs of human fibroblasts and Escherichia coli are used as a target and a control, respectively. Southern blotting, which uses photostable Raman signals of nanotubes instead of fluorescent dyes, demonstrates excellent sensitivity and specificity of the probes. The results show that SWNTs may be used as generic nano-biomarkers for the precise detection of specific kinds of genes.
Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Techniques: An Extensive Review of Patents (2009)

Transdermal drug delivery system has been accepted as potential non-invasive route of drug administration, with advantages of avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, sustained therapeutic action and better patient compliance, though, its prevalent use is restricted due to excellent impervious nature of skin. It is the greatest challenge for researchers to surmount the inherent limitations imposed by stratum corneum of skin, for enhanced transdermal drug delivery to achieve systemic therapeutic concentration. Thus, many approaches have been attempted to perturb skin barrier and enhance the transdermal delivery of drug. The major approaches for enhancing transdermal delivery are physical enhancers (ultrasound, iontophoresis, electroporation, magnetophoresis, microneedle), vesicles, particulate systems (liposome, niosome, transfersome, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle) and chemical enhancers (sulphoxides, azones, glycols, alkanols, terpenes etc.). The present review explores recent patents on techniques employed to breach the skin barrier for drug permeation along with their penetration enhancement mechanisms.
Teniposide induces nuclear but not mitochondrial DNA degradation. (1992)

Teniposide [4'-demethylepipophyllotoxin-4-(4,6-O-thenylidene-beta-D- glucopyranoside) (VM-26)] is a cancer chemotherapeutic drug with a high target specificity for DNA topoisomerase II. This agent induces repairable protein-bridged double-strand DNA breaks, which have been correlated with cytotoxicity, but high concentrations of VM-26 also induce irreversible DNA degradation and apoptotic cell death. It is not known whether this degradation occurs uniformly throughout the genome or in a gene-specific manner. To answer this question, DNA was isolated from HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells exposed to 5 microM VM-26 for varying periods of up to 12 h. Nucleosomal "ladders" on 2.0% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide were detectable after 3 h of exposure, indicative of apoptosis. Gene-specific DNA degradation was investigated by Southern blot analysis. The genes for 18S rRNA and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were representatives of constitutively expressed (i.e., "housekeeping") genes. The proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-Ha-ras, and bcl-2 were examined as examples of other transcriptionally active genes, while transcriptionally inactive genes in HL-60 cells were studied by probing for the immunoglobulin heavy chain joining region and lambda light chain constant region genes. The rates of DNA degradation, and its extent after 12 h, were similar for all nuclear genes studied. However, there was striking resistance of mitochondrial DNA to endonucleolytic degradation. These data demonstrate that VM-26 can elicit a widespread degradative process which affects nuclear but not mitochondrial DNA.
Layer-by-Layer Nanotube Template Synthesis (2004)

Electroless deposition of gold on the pore walls of polycarbonate templates is currently the best known method for controlling inside diameters of template-synthesized nanotubes. It would be very useful to have alternative template-based synthetic chemistries that yield nanotubes composed of other materials, but which still allow for precise control over the nanotube wall thickness and i.d. A film-formation process that is based on layer-by-layer deposition of the film-forming material along the pore walls of the template membrane provides this desired alternative synthetic chemistry. We describe here the use of Mallouk's alpha,omega-diorganophosphonate/Zr layer-by-layer film-forming method for preparing nanotubes within the pores of alumina template membranes. We have found that this method allows accurate, quantitative, and predictable control over the wall thickness, and thus i.d., of the layered nanotubes obtained.
Donor age and delayed graft function as predictors of renal allograft survival in rejection-free patients (1999)

Regardless of the presence of acute rejection, delayed graft function amplifies the detrimental effect of advanced donor age on long-term graft outcome.
Heartbeat and Respiration Detection From Optical Interferometric Signals by Using a Multimethod Approach (2012)

In this paper, a multimethod approach for heartbeat and respiration detection from an optical interferometric signal is proposed. Optical interferometer is a sensitive device that detects physical changes of optical-fiber length due to external perturbations. When in direct or indirect contact with human body (e.g., hidden in a bed mattress), mechanical and acoustic activity of cardiac muscle and respiration reflect in the interferometric signal, enabling entirely unobtrusive monitoring of heartbeat and respiration. A novel, two-phased multimethod approach was developed for this purpose. The first phase selects best performing combinations of detection methods on a training set of signals. The second phase applies the selected methods to test set of signals and fuses all the detections of vital signs. The test set consisted of 14 subjects cycling an ergometer until reaching their submaximal heart rate. The following resting periods were analyzed showing high efficiency (98.18 ± 1.40% sensitivity and 97.04 ± 4.95% precision) and accuracy (mean absolute error of beat-to-beat intervals 22±9 ms) for heartbeat detection, and acceptable efficiency (90.06 ± 7.49% sensitivity and 94.21 ± 3.70% precision) and accuracy (mean absolute error of intervals between respiration events 0.33 ± 0.14 s) for respiration detection.
Parallel Architectures for Artificial Neural Nets (1988)

In this paper, we first review the key aspects on the modeling, algorithm, and architecture for the artificial neural nets (ANNs). We then propose a programmable systolic array meant for a variety of connectivity patterns for ANNs. Considered in the design are both the search and learning phases of a class of ANNs. Based on theoretical analysis and simulations, several observations are made about the modeling of neural networks. The key issues include expressibility, generalization capability, optimal size of the hidden neural units, nonlinear circuit models, etc.
Towards a Better Global Economy (2014)

Abstract Substantial progress in the fight against extreme poverty was made in the past two decades. But the slowdown in global economic growth and significant increases in income inequality in many developed and developing countries raise serious concerns about the continuation of this trend into the twenty-first century. The time has come to think seriously about how improvements in official global governance, coupled with and reenforced by rising activism of “global citizens,” can lead to welfare-enhancing and more equitable results for global citizens through better national and international policies. This book examines the factors that are most likely to facilitate the process of beneficial economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It shows that the legacies of the 2008-9 crisis-high unemployment, massive excess capacity, and high levels of debt-are likely to reduce the standard of living of millions of people in many countries over a long period of adjustment and that fluctuations in international trade, financial markets, and commodity prices, as well as the tendency of institutions at both the national and international level to favor the interests of the better-off and more powerful, pose substantial risks for citizens of all countries. The chapters on the future of economic, human capital and population, international trade, international finance, natural resources and climate change, and global economic governance and their policy implications are intended to stimulate public interest and facilitate the exchange of ideas and policy dialogue.
Unfolding of proteins monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a comparison of positive and negative ion modes (1998)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) in both the positive and negative ion mode has been used to study protein unfolding transitions of lysozyme, cytochrome c (cyt c), and ubiquitin in solution. As expected, ESI of unfolded lysozyme leads to the formation of substantially higher charge states than the tightly folded protein in both modes of operation. Surprisingly, the acid-induced unfolding of cyt c as well as the acid and the base-induced unfolding of ubiquitin show different behavior: In these three cases protein unfolding only leads to marginal changes in the negative ion charge state distributions, whereas in the positive ion mode pronounced shifts to higher charge states are observed. This shows that ESI MS in the negative ion mode as a method for probing conformational changes of proteins in solution should be treated with caution. The data presented in this work provide further evidence that the conformation of a protein in solution not its charge state is the predominant factor for determining the ESI charge state distribution in the positive ion mode. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis of a recent study (Konermann and Douglas, Biochemistry 1997, 36, 12,296-12,302) which suggested that ESI in the positive ion mode is not sensitive to changes in the secondary structure of proteins but only to changes in the tertiary structure.
Patterns of Nogo mRNA and Protein Expression in the Developing and Adult Rat and After CNS Lesions (2002)

Nogo-A is a neurite growth inhibitor involved in regenerative failure and restriction of structural plasticity in the adult CNS. Three major protein products (Nogo-A, -B, and -C) are derived from the nogo gene. Here we describe the embryonic and postnatal expression of the three Nogo isoforms in the rat by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Northern and Western blot analysis indicated that Nogo-A is predominantly expressed in the nervous system with lower levels also present in testis and heart. In CNS myelin, confocal and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Nogo-A is expressed in oligodendrocyte cell bodies and processes and localized in the innermost adaxonal and outermost myelin membranes. Additionally, we find Nogo-A to be expressed by projection neurons, in particular during development, and by postmitotic cells in the developing cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum. The expression levels of Nogo-A/B were not changed significantly after traumatic lesions to the cortex or spinal cord. Nogo-B showed widespread expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. Nogo-C was mainly found in skeletal muscle, but brain and heart were also found to express this isoform. The localization of Nogo-A in oligodendrocytes fits well with its role as a myelin-associated inhibitor of regenerative fiber growth and structural plasticity. However, expression of Nogo-A in other tissues and, in particular, in neurons and the widespread expression of the two shorter isoforms, Nogo-B and -C, suggest that the Nogo family of proteins might have function(s) additional to the neurite growth-inhibitory activity.
Visualization of Implicit Surfaces Using Adaptive Tetrahedrizations (1997)

Implicitly defined surfaces f(x,y,z)=0 are usually visualized by an approximating mesh of polygons. One approach of calculating an approximating mesh, practiced in the past, is to subdivide the regions of interests into spatial cells from which the surface is extracted by compiling surface patterns of those cells which are traversed by the surface. Our solution basically follows this approach, but improves it with respect to several aspects. The space is partitioned adaptively using a scheme which neither requires multiple passes nor storing neighborhood information. Furthmore, the cells of the approximating surface mesh are part of the resulting spatial cell decomposition. A post-processing step of ''vertex snapping'' in order to improve the surface mesh is not required.
DELIBERATELY BIASING SURVEY QUESTIONS (1985)

summary In “before” and “after” surveys of Attitudes Towards Random Breath Testing in South Australia, three basic versions of the questionnaire were used. In the first, a set of “lead‐up” questions, which were designed to deliberately bias the results towards acceptance of the tests, was included before the main questions; in the second, there were no lead‐up questions; in the third, a different set of lead‐up questions was used, and was aimed at deliberately biasing the results against the tests. The results in two out of the four attempts to influence the answers (compared with no lead‐up questions) were significant in the expected direction, and in the other two cases were in the correct direction but not significant. The difference between the positive‐and negative‐biasing versions was highly significant in both cases. It is important to be aware that changes in context rather than in question wording per se can give rise to effects which dwarf the sampling error.
Profile guided code positioning (2004)

This paper presents the results of our investigation of code positioning techniques using execution profile data as input into the compilation process. The primary objective of the positioning is to reduce the overhead of the instruction memory hierarchy.After initial investigation in the literature, we decided to implement two prototypes for the Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture (PA-RISC). The first, built on top of the linker, positions code based on whole procedures. This prototype has the ability to move procedures into an order that is determined by a "closest is best" strategy.The second prototype, built on top of an existing optimizer package, positions code based on basic blocks within procedures. Groups of basic blocks that would be better as straight-line sequences are identified as chains. These chains are then ordered according to branch heuristics. Code that is never executed during the data collection runs can be physically separated from the primary code of a procedure by a technique we devised called procedure splitting. The algorithms we implemented are described through examples in this paper. The performance improvements from our work are also summarized in various tables and charts.
Selective activation of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in human prostate cancer (2000)

A substantial subset of breast, colorectal, ovarian, endometrial and prostatic cancers displays markedly elevated expression of immunohistochemically detectable fatty acid synthase, a feature that has been associated with poor prognosis and that may be exploited in anti-neoplastic therapy. Here, using an RNA array hybridisation technique complemented by in situ hybridisation, we report that in prostate cancer fatty acid synthase expression is up-regulated at the mRNA level together with other enzymes of the same metabolic pathway. Contrary to the observations that in many cell systems (including androgen-stimulated LNCaP prostate cancer cells) fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism are co-ordinately regulated so as to supply balanced amounts of lipids for membrane biosynthesis, storage or secretion, no changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were found. These findings point to selective activation of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and suggest a shift in the balance of lipogenic gene expression in a subgroup of prostate cancers.
"Runt" (1917)

"Runt" Get access A. C. C. A. C. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s12-III, Issue 65, 24 March 1917, Page 238, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s12-III.65.238c Published: 24 March 1917
Monolithically integrated multiwavelength grating cavity laser (2005)

A multiwavelength grating cavity laser is reported using a novel design for a multichannel light source based on an etched diffraction grating. Following the design, the compact eight-channel device capable of fine-tuning has been realized by monolithically integrating semiconductor optical amplifiers, various passive waveguides, and deeply etched grating, providing high butt-coupling efficiency, and low waveguide losses. As a result, the sidemode suppression ratio in excess of 45 dB over all channels was achieved.
Use of molecularly imprinted polymers in a biotransformation process (1999)

Molecularly imprinted polymers are highly stable and can be sterilised, making them ideal for use in biotransformation process. In this communication, we describe a novel application of molecularly imprinted polymers in an enzymatic reaction. The enzymatic condensation of Z-L-aspartic acid with L-phenylalanine methyl ester to give Z-L-Asp-L-Phe-OMe (Z-aspartame) was chosen as a model system to evaluate the applicability of using molecularly imprinted polymers to facilitate product formation. When the product-imprinted polymer is present, a considerable increase (40%) in product yield is obtained. Besides their use to enhance product yields, as demonstrated here, we suggest that imprinted polymers may also find use in the continuous removal of toxic compounds during biochemical reactions. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 64: 650–655, 1999.