gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ingested Type I Interferon: State of the Art as Treatment for Autoimmunity (2002)

We have proposed a unifying hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis of autoimmunity that defines autoimmunity as a type I interferon (IFN) immunodeficiency syndrome. We have examined toxicity and potential efficacy in three phase I (type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis) and one phase II clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients. In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha. In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements. Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials. These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
The Matas/Soubbotitch connection. (1983)

The Southern Association for Vascular Surgery, as one of the recently developed major regional vascular societies, has recognized the outstanding accomplishments of one of the vascular pioneers in the United States, Rudolph Matas, by including his profile in the Association logo. Although the contributions in vascular surgery by Matas are well known by all who have an interest in vascular surgery, the contributions of V. Soubbotitch have not been recognized widely in the English-speaking world. Matas proclaimed in an International Surgical Congress in London in 1913 that Soubbotitch had achieved clinical success that was unparalleled by repairing injured arteries and veins. Soubbotitch, Senior Surgeon, Belgrade State Hospital, Serbia (now part of Yugoslavia) and a Lieutenant Colonel in the Serbian Army Reserve during the Balkan Wars (Serbo-Turkish and Serbo-Bulgarian) initiated one of the first clinical programs that emphasized repair, rather than ligation, of injured arteries and veins. Surgeons from the capitals in Europe visited his clinic to assist in this effort, and the 1913 presentation in London included the experience of managing 77 injured large blood vessels, which resulted in 32 vascular repairs--19 arteriorrhaphies and 13 venorrhaphies. It is ironic that nearly 40 years passed before similar successful efforts were achieved during the latter part of the Korean Conflict (1952 to 1953). In this brief review we emphasize the connection between two outstanding surgical pioneers who shared mutual interest in the repair of injured vessels and in international surgical exchanges, Matas and Soubbotitch.
Chemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics.<sup>1</sup> I. Quaternary Derivatives (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics.1 I. Quaternary DerivativesJames H. Boothe, Guido E. Bonvicino, Coy W. Waller, Joseph P. Petisi, Raymond W. Wilkinson, and Robert B. BroschardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 7, 1654–1657Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01540a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01540a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comment on "Diverse Psychotomimetics Act Through a Common Signaling Pathway" (2004)

Svenningsson et al. ([ 1 ][1]) claimed that amphetamine, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and phencyclidine (PCP) are diverse psychotomimetics that act on dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurotransmission, respectively. However, it is essential to point out that these compounds may not
Alkalizing Drugs Induce Accumulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein By-products in Luminal Vesicles of Multivesicular Bodies (2007)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. We showed recently that the amyloid intracellular domain (AICD), which is released by gamma-secretase cleavage of APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs), is strongly increased in cells treated with alkalizing drugs (Vingtdeux, V., Hamdane, M., Bégard, S., Loyens, A., Delacourte, A., Beauvillain, J.-C., Buée, L., Marambaud, P., and Sergeant, N. (2007) Neurobiol. Dis. 25, 686-696). Herein, we aimed to determine the cell compartment in which AICD accumulates. We show that APP-CTFs and AICD are present in multivesicular structures. Multivesicular bodies contain intraluminal vesicles (known as exosomes) when released in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that APP, APP-CTFs, and AICD are integrated and secreted within exosomes in differentiated neuroblastoma and primary neuronal culture cells. Together with recent data showing that amyloid-beta is also found in exosomes, our data show that multivesicular bodies are essential organelles for APP metabolism and that all APP metabolites can be secreted in the extracellular space.
Perspective: The physics, diagnostics, and applications of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma sources used in plasma medicine (2017)

Low temperature plasmas have been used in various plasma processing applications for several decades. But it is only in the last thirty years or so that sources generating such plasmas at atmospheric pressure in reliable and stable ways have become more prevalent. First, in the late 1980s, the dielectric barrier discharge was used to generate relatively large volume diffuse plasmas at atmospheric pressure. Then, in the early 2000s, plasma jets that can launch cold plasma plumes in ambient air were developed. Extensive experimental and modeling work was carried out on both methods and much of the physics governing such sources was elucidated. Starting in the mid-1990s, low temperature plasma discharges have been used as sources of chemically reactive species that can be transported to interact with biological media, cells, and tissues and induce impactful biological effects. However, many of the biochemical pathways whereby plasma affects cells remain not well understood. This situation is changing rather quickly because the field, known today as “plasma medicine,” has experienced exponential growth in the last few years thanks to a global research community that engaged in fundamental and applied research involving the use of cold plasma for the inactivation of bacteria, dental applications, wound healing, and the destruction of cancer cells/tumors. In this perspective, the authors first review the physics as well as the diagnostics of the principal plasma sources used in plasma medicine. Then, brief descriptions of their biomedical applications are presented. To conclude, the authors' personal assessment of the present status and future outlook of the field is given.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ultraviolet B light have similar effects on contact hypersensitivity in mice. (1991)

Acute, low dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation impairs the induction of dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-specific contact hypersensitivity (CH) in some, but not all, inbred strains of mice. Although C3H/HeN mice are UVB-susceptible by these criteria, the closely related strain, C3H/HeJ proved to be UVB-resistant. Since the only known important genetic difference between these strains is a polymorphism at the Lps locus which governs sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we examined the possibility that UVB radiation achieves its immune effects via an action directly or indirectly related to LPS. We found that intradermal injections of LPS failed to impair the induction of CH when DNFB was painted at the skin injection site. However, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), a cytokine released from LPS-sensitive macrophages by exposure to LPS, was able to suppress CH induction when it was injected intradermally (50 ng) prior to epicutaneous application of hapten. In addition, systemic administration of larger doses of TNF alpha (200 ng) inhibited CH, whether the cytokine was injected intraperitoneally at the time of cutaneous sensitization with DNFB, or prior to ear challenge with the hapten. Importantly, when TNF alpha was injected into pinnae of DNFB-immune mice prior to elicitation of CH, local inflammatory responses were greatly exaggerated. Thus, TNF alpha shares with acute, low dose UVB radiation the following effects on CH: impairment of induction, and amplification of expression. These effects are only achieved following local treatment with these agents. We propose that TNF alpha is an important cytokine mediator of the effects of UVB on hapten-specific CH.
Treatment of Amanita mushroom poisoning: a review. (1986)

Poisoning with mushrooms of the genus Amanita, members of which occur frequently in both North America and Europe, accounts for a significant number of deaths annually. Liver damage is the main clinical feature and death rates are variously reported to be from 11.3% to 51.3% of patients. The amount of mushroom ingested appears to be the main prognostic indicator and a fatal outcome appears inevitable if a large amount is eaten. In sublethal exposures, supportive therapy seems effective; when definitive treatment is considered, hyperbaric oxygen, penicillin and silymarin are indicated in conjunction with careful management of blood glucose concentration. Charcoal hemoperfusion, forced diuresis, hyperbaric oxygen, and thioctic acid may also be considered, although these treatment modalities are not clearly associated with increased survival.
D-MSCD: Mean-Standard Deviation Curve Descriptor Based on Deep Learning (2020)

Curve feature description is an important issue in the field of image matching. In the past years, this problem has been studied mainly based on handcrafted methods. To conquer the disadvantages of low discrimination and weak robustness of curve feature description under complex conditions, a Mean-Standard Deviation Curve Descriptor based on Deep learning (D-MSCD) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a large-scale curve feature dataset with 210,000 labeled curve image patches is constructed for training and testing. After longitudinally compressing the support areas of the curve in each image into the support areas of points, the mean and standard deviation image patches of each curve are obtained, then the curve image patch is uniquely represented. Secondly, a modified L2-Net(DSM) which is a network architecture with dilated convolution is constructed to improve the performance of curve descriptors, and the experimental results on the Brown dataset show the mean FPR95 value is reduced by 17.48%. Finally, the modified L2-Net(DSM) is trained on the large-scale curve feature dataset and the model of D-MSCD is obtained, it achieves the best matching performance in every image change, and the average matching performance on the Oxford dataset is improved by 13.09%. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed D-MSCD has better effectiveness than the traditional handcrafted curve descriptors.
Observation of differential mode attenuation in graded-index fiber waveguides using OTDR (1979)

Imperfections in fiber geometry and constituents can lead to modally dependent loss.1–5 Measurement of this modal dependence is used to characterize the fiber for use in long-length communication systems and to aid in determining the mechanisms that cause the loss. We have used a powerful new measurement technique, based on the analysis of light back- scattered from a pulse in a fiber waveguide, to observe this phenomenon. The technique is called optical-time-domain reflectometry.6–9 An optical-time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) uses a directional coupler to launch a pulse of light into the fiber and to observe simultaneously the light backscattered from the pulse. Figure 1 shows that the backscattered signal consists of three distinct segments: (1) an initial pulse due to reflection in the directional coupler barely observable in the figure; (2) a long tail caused by distributed Rayleigh scattering, which occurs as the pulse propagates along the fiber; and (3) pulses caused by discrete reflections, which occur because of imperfections, connectors, and dielectric discontinuities. The Rayleigh-scattered light can be used to extract the local attenuation coefficient. This paper reports the use of an OTDR to measure differential mode attenuation and to observe the approach to steady- state mode distribution and the corresponding loss.
Immunoneutralization of Endogenous Inhibin Modifies Hormone Secretion and Ovulation Rate in the Rat* (1989)

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of inhibin immunoneutralization on gonadotropins and sex steroids secretion, as well as ovulation rate and the outcome of pregnancy in the rat. These changes were compared to the normal pattern of hormone release during the estrous cycle, as well as to the ovulatory and gestational history of control animals. Measurement of plasma inhibin levels with antibodies raised against the N-terminus part of the alpha-chain of the molecule indicated an increase in immunoreactive inhibin-alpha release during the afternoon of proestrus, followed by a marked decline after the primary gonadotropin surge. Removal of endogenous inhibin by the iv injection of anti-inhibin serum on diestrus-1 caused the expected rise in plasma FSH, but not LH values. FSH secretion remained elevated for approximately 28 h, then returned to baseline. While not altering vaginal cytology, the injection of the antiserum during diestrus-1 or -2, and to a lesser degree, during estrus, caused a marked increase in the number of tubal ova shed during the subsequent estrus. However, plasma estrogen and progesterone remained comparable at all times between control and treated animals. In female rats mated after inhibin immunoneutralization at diestrus-1, the increase in ovulation rate resulted in a significant increase in developing fetuses, but only ca. 40% of the pups survived. In order to assess whether elevated FSH secretion represented the primary mechanism through which removal of endogenous inhibin increased the number of maturing follicles, ovine FSH was infused for 35 h starting in diestrus-1 or diestrus-2. Similar to the treatment with the anti-inhibin serum, FSH infusion caused an increase the number of eggs present in the oviducts on the next day of estrus. These results support the existence of a close functional relationship between the circulating levels of FSH and inhibin in the female rat. They also indicate that immunization against inhibin increases ovulation rate, a phenomenon probably mediated through elevated levels of circulating FSH.
Chemotherapy treatment patterns, costs, and outcomes of patients with gastric cancer in the United States: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) and administrative claims data (2015)

Costs and duration of care received vary among gastric cancer patients in the U.S. There is a need to understand which regimens may be associated with better health outcomes and to standardize treatment as appropriate.
Co‐regulation of ocular dominance plasticity and NMDA receptor subunit expression in glutamic acid decarboxylase‐65 knock‐out mice (2009)

Experience can shape cortical circuits, especially during critical periods for plasticity. In visual cortex, imbalance of activity from the two eyes during the critical period shifts ocular dominance (OD) towards the more active eye. Inhibitory circuits are crucial in this process: OD plasticity is absent in GAD65KO mice that show diminished inhibition. This defect can be rescued by application of benzodiazepines, which increase GABAergic signalling. However, it is unknown how such changes in inhibition might disrupt and then restore OD plasticity. Since NMDA dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms are also known to contribute to OD plasticity, we investigated whether NMDA receptor levels and function are also altered in GAD65KO. There are reduced NR2A levels and slower NMDA currents in visual cortex of GAD65KO mice. Application of benzodiazepines, which rescues OD plasticity, also increases NR2A levels. Thus it appears as if OD plasticity can be restored by adding a critical amount of excitatory transmission through NR2A-containing NMDA receptors. Together, these observations can unify competing ideas of how OD plasticity is regulated: changes in either inhibition or excitation would engage homeostatic mechanisms that converge to regulate NMDA receptors, thereby enabling plasticity mechanisms and also ensuring circuit stability.
The heparin-catalysed inhibition of human factor XIa by antithrombin III is dependent on the heparin type (1988)

The effect of various well-characterized heparin preparations on the inactivation of human Factor XIa by human antithrombin III was studied. The heparin preparations used were unfractionated heparin and four heparin fractions obtained after anion-exchange chromatography. Inactivation of Factor XIa was monitored with S2366 as chromogenic substrate and followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics under all reaction conditions tested. Enhancement of the rate of inhibition of Factor XIa in the presence of unfractionated heparin correlated to the binding of antithrombin III to heparin. From the kinetic data a binding constant of 0.1 microM was inferred. The maximum rate enhancement, achieved at saturating heparin concentrations, was 30-fold. The rate enhancement achieved in the presence of each of the heparin fractions could also be correlated to the binding of antithrombin III to the heparin. The binding constant inferred from the kinetic data varied from 0.10 to 0.28 microM and the number of binding sites for antithrombin III varied from 0.06 to 0.74 site per heparin molecule. The maximum rate enhancements, achieved at saturating heparin concentrations, were strongly dependent on the type of heparin used and varied from 7-fold for fraction A to 41-fold for fraction D. Therefore, although the stimulation of Factor XIa inactivation by antithrombin III could be quantitatively correlated to the binding of antithrombin III to heparin, the heparin-catalysed inhibition of Factor XIa is dependent not only upon the degree of binding of antithrombin III to heparin but also upon the type of heparin to which antithrombin III is bound.
Radiofrequency Ablation vs Endoscopic Surveillance for Patients With Barrett Esophagus and Low-Grade Dysplasia (2014)

trialregister.nl Identifier: NTR1198.
Blockchain-Enabled Reengineering of Cloud Datacenters (2018)

Blockchains, a decentralized storage technique, have many applications, including in reengineering cloud datacenters. This article proposes a conceptual model for fusing blockchains and cloud computing for additional value creation. The proposed model comprises three deployment modes: Cloud over Blockchain (CoB), Blockchain over Cloud (BoC), and Mixed Blockchain-Cloud (MBC). The article also highlights the potential benefits of such a fusion and outlines a number of future research directions.
A decoder for large vocabulary continuous short message dictation on embedded devices (2008)

We present our recent progress towards implementing large vocabulary continuous SMS dictation in embedded devices. The dictation engine we describe here is based on the popular finite state transducer paradigm and is capable of handling large vocabularies and high order n-gram language models in a small memory footprint - even relative to what is available in current high end devices such as the Nokia N800 Internet tablet and the N95 Symbian phone. We illustrate the performance of the engine on a 20k vocabulary Chinese Mandarin dictation task which requires less than 10Mb RAM memory to run on the device. The accuracy of the continuous engine is similar to the accuracy of the isolated word dictation engine we have previously developed.
2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine: lack of synergism with cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK 506). (1995)

New clinically useful drug, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), was found to be a potent immunosuppressant both in vitro and in vivo. The present study examines the in vitro interactions of classical immunosuppressive agents--FK 506 and Cyclosporine A (CsA) with 2-CdA at the level of T and B cells proliferation, expression receptor for interleukin 2 (R-IL-2) and Ig synthesis. No synergism between 2-CdA and either FK 506 or CsA was demonstrable.
2‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Tunable Direct Band Gaps: MoS<sub>2(1–x)</sub>Se<sub>2x</sub> Monolayers (2013)

MoS2(1-x) Se2x single-layer films are prepared using a mixture of organic selenium and sulfur precursors as well as a solid molybdenum source. The direct bandgaps are found to scale nearly linearly with composition in the range of 1.87 eV (pure single-layer MoS2 ) to 1.55 eV (pure single-layer MoSe2 ) permitting straightforward bandgap engineering.
A Power Efficient HBT Pulse Generator for UWB Radars (2007)

High-resolution radars require the transmission and reception of extremely high-bandwidth pulses. The generation of such pulses is a challenging task, especially for low power portable applications. In this paper we present a new approach to face this problem. The proposed approach uses a standard negative impedance LC oscillator to generate fully-differential pulses in the 6 to 8GHz frequency range. This circuit does not require pulse-shape filtering, leading to a high power efficiency of the generation process. It can also be easily modified to generate quadrature pulses. It can be used both in ultra-wideband transmitters and correlation receivers, allowing for the implementation of quadrature modulation schemes.