gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antispasmodics. II (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntispasmodics. IIF. F. Blicke and F. B. ZientyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 1, 93–95Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01870a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01870a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro efficacy of povidone-iodine solution and cream against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (1993)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged worldwide as a significant and difficult-to-treat source of nosocomial infection, emphasizing the ever-present need for reliable and effective antisepsis. Betadine Solution (10% povidone-iodine; PVP-I) and Betadine Cream (5% povidone-iodine) are broad-spectrum microbicides widely used for topical cleansing, wound treatment, and antisepsis. There have been no reports of bacterial resistance to Betadine preparations. In the present study in vitro killing times were determined for PVP-I solution and PVP-I cream against five hospital isolates of MRSA and one methicillin-sensitive strain (MSSA). Isolates were incubated for 24 hours in trypticase soy broth and 0.5 ml, containing 10(6)-10(7)/ml bacteria, was then removed and added to each test agent containing PVP-I. At intervals of 30 seconds, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min, 10 microliters aliquots were removed and added to 10 ml of culture broth containing 0.1% sodium thiosulphate, the neutralizing agent for PVP-I. After neutralization the samples were incubated for 48 hours and then observed for growth (turbidity) or its absence. PVP-I solution was effective against all isolates, killing each strain within 30 seconds. PVP-I cream killed four of the MRSA isolates within 30 seconds, and required a 2-3 minute killing time for one strain of MRSA and the strain of MSSA. These results are supported by four published in vitro studies which show that PVP-I is highly effective in killing MRSA. In addition, each study shows that PVP-I is more effective than chlorhexidine against MRSA.
Generalized many-channel conductance formula with application to small rings (1985)

The conductance of a sample scattering elastically and coupled to leads with many channels is derived. We assume that all the incident channels on one side of the sample are fed from the same chemical potential. The transmitted and reflected streams are determined by the incident streams through the multichannel scattering properties of the sample. We do not assume that the channels equilibrate with each other. Our result differs from those given earlier by other authors, except for that of Azbel [J. Phys. C 14, L225 (1981)], which is confirmed. We point out that a similar result is obtained for the conductance in a single channel at a temperature above zero. As an application, we obtain the dependence on channel number N of the contributions to the conductance of a small ring, periodic in the Aharonov-Bohm flux through it. Terms whose period is h/e as well as those with period h/2e vary with N as 1/N.
Stilbene Derivatives as Human 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists from the Root of Caragana sinica (2010)

The 5-HT₆ receptor (5-HT₆R) is a member of the class of recently discovered 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. Due to the lack of selective 5-HT₆R ligands, the cellular signaling mechanisms of the 5-HT₆R are poorly understood. We previously developed a cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) method for the 5-HT₆R and screened synthetic chemical compounds. In the present study, we expanded our screening into natural products to find novel 5-HT₆R ligands. We found that the ethyl acetate fraction from the root of Caragana sinica (537-18BE) produced the most potent antagonistic activity. After further isolation of 537-18BE, we found that three stilbene derivatives, (+)-α-viniferin, miyabenol C and pallidol, are active constituents of 537-18BE inhibiting the 5-HT₆R. Among them, (+)-α-viniferin showed the most potent inhibition, and miyabenol C also produced a considerable inhibition. When examined effects on other neurotransmitters for selectivity, 537-18BE and three stilbene derivatives did not produce any notable effects on 5-HT₄, 5-HT₇, or muscarinic acetylcholine M1 (M(1)) receptors. Furthermore, 5-HT₆R antagonistic effects of (+)-α-viniferin, miyabenol C and pallidol were confirmed on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) which exerts effects in downstream pathways of 5-HT₆R activation.
Dye-Sensitized Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells (2006)

Organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-buteric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend have been improved in their efficiencies and attracts most attention. The incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) spectra of P3HT:PCBM-blend solar cells reported so far range from UV to around 600 nm. Therefore, to utilize longer wavelengths (>600 nm) of sunlight is a potentially effective way to improve the performance. In the present study, we investigated dye-sensitizing effects of photosensitizing dyes to P3HT:PCBM-blend solar cells. We examined four kinds of dyes (cyanine, merocyanine, phthalocyanine and squarylium). The addition of squarylium caused an increase in the IPCE in the longer-wavelength region, while the addition of other dyes exhibited little increase
OUTDOOR/INDOOR VISION-BASED LOCALIZATION FOR BLIND PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE (2010)

The most challenging issue facing the navigation assistive systems for the visually impaired is the instantaneous and accurate spatial localization of the user. Most of the previously proposed systems are based on global positioning system (GPS) sensors. However, the accuracy of low-cost versions is insufficient for pedestrian use. Furthermore, GPS-based systems are confined to outdoor navigation and experience severe signal losts in urban areas. This paper presents a new approach for localizing a person by using a single-body-mounted camera and computer vision techniques. Instantaneous accurate localization and heading estimates of the person are computed from images as the user progresses along a memorized path. A portable prototype has been tested for outdoor as well as indoor pedestrian use. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the vision-based localization: the accuracy is sufficient for making it possible to guide and maintain the blind person within a navigation corridor less than 1 m wide along the intended path. In combination with a suitable guiding interface, such a localization system will be convenient to assist the visually impaired in their everyday movements outdoors as well as indoors.
Flammability of Natural Fiber-reinforced Composites and Strategies for Fire Retardancy: A Review (2010)

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are finding new applications in many sectors. In certain industries, such as building and transport, reduced material flammability is a key requirement. Knowledge of the flammability of natural fiber-reinforced composites and the methods used to improve their fire resistance is necessary to ensure their use in these industries. The purpose of this review is to examine important aspects of the flammability of natural fiber-reinforced composites and to outline some of the more recent strategies used to improve their fire performance.
Mephenytoin hydroxylation deficiency in Caucasians: Frequency of a new oxidative drug metabolism polymorphism (1984)

The ability of normal subjects to hydroxylate mephenytoin (100 mg) or debrisoquine (10 mg) after oral dosing was investigated in 156 unrelated Caucasians living in middle Tennessee. Urinary recovery of 4-hydroxymephenytoin (4-OH-M) and the urinary S:R enantiomeric ratio of mephenytoin measured in an 8-hr urine sample were investigated as phenotypic traits for mephenytoin, and the urinary metabolic ratio of debrisoquine was used to determine the debrisoquine hydroxylase phenotype. Both urinary 4-OH-M and the S:R ratio of mephenytoin discriminated between extensive (EM) and poor (PM) metabolizers of mephenytoin. The frequencies of PMs for mephenytoin and debrisoquine hydroxylation activity were 2.6% and 7.0%. These two defects in oxidative metabolism were not observed in the same subjects, which suggests that 4-hydroxylation of mephenytoin is a new polymorphism independent of that for debrisoquine.
Study of root canals and their configuration in maxillary second permanent molar. (1998)

The present in-vitro study was undertaken to know root canals and their configuration (type, curvature, number of apical foramen etc) in maxillary second permanent molar. Separately, fifty teeth by radiographic method and by decalcification method were studied. Radiologically in mesiobuccal root, two root canals were found in 78% and 20% of the specimens in mesiodistal and buccolingual direction respectively. In the distobuccal root, 2 root canals were seen in 4% and 6% of the specimen in mesiodistal and buccolingual direction respectively. Two root canals also varied in both radiological as well as decalcification methods. It is concluded from the present study that mesiobuccal roots of maxillary second molar exhibited anatomical variations and aberrant findings in the root canals. More care should always be exercised to locate the extra canal in these roots.
Targeted molecular-genetic imaging and ligand-directed therapy in aggressive variant prostate cancer (2016)

Aggressive variant prostate cancers (AVPC) are a clinically defined group of tumors of heterogeneous morphologies, characterized by poor patient survival and for which limited diagnostic and treatment options are currently available. We show that the cell surface 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a receptor that binds to phage-display-selected ligands, such as the SNTRVAP motif, is a candidate target in AVPC. We report the presence and accessibility of this receptor in clinical specimens from index patients. We also demonstrate that human AVPC cells displaying GRP78 on their surface could be effectively targeted both in vitro and in vivo by SNTRVAP, which also enabled specific delivery of siRNA species to tumor xenografts in mice. Finally, we evaluated ligand-directed strategies based on SNTRVAP-displaying adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) particles in mice bearing MDA-PCa-118b, a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis that we exploited as a model of AVPC. For theranostic (a merging of the terms therapeutic and diagnostic) studies, GRP78-targeting AAVP particles served to deliver the human <i>Herpes simplex</i> virus thymidine kinase type-1 (<i>HSVtk</i>) gene, which has a dual function as a molecular-genetic sensor/reporter and a cell suicide-inducing transgene. We observed specific and simultaneous PET imaging and treatment of tumors in this preclinical model of AVPC. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of GPR78-targeting, ligand-directed theranostics for translational applications in AVPC.
New Data Notes Series (1992)

This issue of the BJA heralds the start of a new series of Data Notes.The first series was started in 1986 and was edited by Professor
A Pattern for Secure Graphical User Interface Systems (2009)

Several aspects of secure operating systems have been analyzed and described as security patterns. However, existing patterns do not cover explicitly the secure interaction of users with the user interface of applications. Especially graphical user interfaces tend to get complex and vulnerable to spoofing and eavesdropping, e.g., due to key loggers or fake dialog windows. A secure user interface system has to provide a trusted path between the user and the application the user intends to use. The trusted path must be able to ensure integrity and confidentiality of the transmitted data, and must allow for the verification of the authenticity of the end points. We present a pattern for secure graphical user interface systems and evaluate its use in different implementations. This pattern shows how to fulfill the security requirements of a trusted path while preserving, in a policy-driven way, the flexibility that graphical user interfaces generally demand.
Targeting glioma stem cells via the Hedgehog signaling pathway (2014)

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation is an open access journal, with focuses on neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation research, and coverage extending to other basic and clinical studies related to neuroscience.
Delayed Treatment with AMPA, but Not NMDA, Antagonists Reduces Neocortical Infarction (1994)

We tested the abilities of two potent non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate antagonists [2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX)] and [1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylene-dioxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazep ine hydrochloride (GYKI 52466)] to reduce neocortical infarction following 2 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in a hypertensive stroke model in the rat and compared these effects against, and in combination with, a potent NMDA antagonist [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-amine maleate (MK-801)]. In Expt. 1, an already established cytoprotective dose of Na(+)-NBQX (30 mg/kg i.p. x 3) was compared with saline (1 ml), the NMDA antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg i.p. x 3), and a combination of the same doses of both NBQX and MK-801. Initial doses were delayed to 90 min following occlusion with subsequent injections at the time of reperfusion and 30 min following reperfusion. Saline-treated rats sustained 181 +/- 32 mm3 (n = 15) of neocortical infarction (mean +/- SD). This was significantly reduced by NBQX to 137 +/- 25 mm3 (n = 15, p < 0.05) of damage. Neither MK-801 (170 +/- 33 mm3; n = 11) nor the combination of MK-801 and NBQX (169 +/- 20 mm3; n = 6) proved to be cytoprotective when given with a 90-min delay. In Expt. 2, NBQX (30 mg/kg) was dissolved (6 mg/ml) in 5% dextrose and compared with both saline and dextrose (1.2 ml) i.v. infusions given over a 4-h period starting 1 h after occlusion. Saline-treated rats had a mean infarct of 183 +/- 27 mm3 (n = 6), dextrose-treated had 200 +/- 30 mm3 (n = 9), while for NBQX-treated rats it was reduced to 129 +/- 60 mm3 (n = 10, p < 0.05). Intravenous NBQX precipitated into the renal tubules, causing nephrotoxicity. In Expt. 3, rats were given either saline (1 ml i.p.) or GYKI 52466 (10 mg/kg i.p.) at 30 and 90 min following occlusion and at 30, 90, and 150 min following reperfusion. Saline-treated rats sustained 187 +/- 27 mm3 of neocortical infarction (n = 7), while those treated with GYKI 52466 were protected, with 139 +/- 38 mm3 of infarction (n = 7, p < 0.05). A clinically useful role for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate antagonists in embolic stroke is envisaged if nontoxic drugs can be developed, since cerebroprotection was achieved with delayed treatment with both of these lead compounds.
Enzyme Specificity of 2-Nitrotoluene 2,3-Dioxygenase from <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain JS42 Is Determined by the C-Terminal Region of the α Subunit of the Oxygenase Component (1998)

Biotransformations with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the genes encoding 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase (2NTDO) from Pseudomonas sp. strain JS42 demonstrated that 2NTDO catalyzes the dihydroxylation and/or monohydroxylation of a wide range of aromatic compounds. Extremely high nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity exists between the components from 2NTDO and the corresponding components from 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase (2,4-DNTDO) from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT (formerly Pseudomonas sp. strain DNT). However, comparisons of the substrates oxidized by these dioxygenases show that they differ in substrate specificity, regiospecificity, and the enantiomeric composition of their oxidation products. Hybrid dioxygenases were constructed with the genes encoding 2NTDO and 2,4-DNTDO. Biotransformation experiments with these hybrid dioxygenases showed that the C-terminal region of the large subunit of the oxygenase component (ISP alpha) was responsible for the enzyme specificity differences observed between 2NTDO and 2,4-DNTDO. The small subunit of the terminal oxygenase component (ISP beta) was shown to play no role in determining the specificities of these dioxygenases.
Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of L-securinine on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. (2014)

Natural products have been discovered to be valuable sources of antitumor drugs. L-Securinine is a natural product extracted from the leaves or roots of Securinega suffruticosa Pall Rehd. The current study was done to investigate the molecular mechanisms of antitumor effects of L-securinine. The inhibitory activities of L-securinine on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were studied in vitro by a Cell Counting Kit-8(cck8) assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptotic ratio and cell cycle distribution of control and treated MCF-7 cells with L-Securinine. Real-time quantitative PCR was conducted to evaluate expression levels of apoptosis related genes P53, Bax, Bcl-2, Mtor, P70s6k. L-Securinine exhibited remarkable antiproliferation activities on MCF-7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manner (24, 48 and 72 h of incubation). A 48 h exposure to L-securinine at a concentration ranging from 0 to 40 microM resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic ratio. At both low and high concentrations, L-securinine preferably perturbed the cell cycle in MCF-7 cells by arrest of G1 phase. These results were further confirmed by the increased expression of bax, p53 and the decreased expression of bcl-2, mtor, p70s6k in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, these findings suggest that L-securinine has an anti-tumor effect against MCF-7 cells and could be further exploited as a potential lead in antitumor drug development.
Detecting Symbian OS malware through static function call analysis (2009)

Smartphones become very critical part of our lives as they offer advanced capabilities with PC-like functionalities. They are getting widely deployed while not only being used for classical voice-centric communication. New smartphone malwares keep emerging where most of them still target Symbian OS. In the case of Symbian OS, application signing seemed to be an appropriate measure for slowing down malware appearance. Unfortunately, latest examples showed that signing can be bypassed resulting in new malware outbreak. In this paper, we present a novel approach to static malware detection in resource-limited mobile environments. This approach can be used to extend currently used third-party application signing mechanisms for increasing malware detection capabilities. In our work, we extract function calls from binaries in order to apply our clustering mechanism, called centroid. This method is capable of detecting unknown malwares. Our results are promising where the employed mechanism might find application at distribution channels, like online application stores. Additionally, it seems suitable for directly being used on smartphones for (pre-)checking installed applications.
Efficacy of bioactive compounds from extra virgin olive oil to modulate atherosclerosis development (2012)

As olive oil is the main source of calories in the Mediterranean diet, a great deal of research has been devoted to characterizing its role in atherosclerosis. Virgin olive oil is an oily matrix that contains hydrocarbons, mainly squalene; triterpenes such as uvaol, erythrodiol, oleanolic, and maslinic acid; phytosterols; and a wide range of phenolic compounds comprising simple phenols, flavonoids, secoiridoids, and lignans. In this review, we analyze the studies dealing with atherosclerosis and olive oil in several species. A protective role of virgin olive oil against atherosclerosis has been shown in ApoE-deficient mice and hamsters. In the former animal, sex, dose, and dietary cholesterol are modulators of the outcome. Contradictory findings have been reported for rabbits, a circumstance that could be due to the profusion of experimental designs, differing in terms of doses and animal strains, as well as sources of olive oils. This role has yet to be fully validated in humans. Minor components of olive oil have been shown to be involved in atherosclerosis protection. Nevertheless, evidence of the potential of isolated compounds or the right combination of them to achieve the antiatherosclerotic effect of virgin olive oil is inconclusive and will undoubtedly require further experimental support.
Changes of performance and subjective workload of radar operators after day shift ZHAN Hao (2010)

Objective To compare the change of performance and subjective workload of radar operators after day shift. Methods Twenty-one radar operators in a troop were selected as subjects. Their performances of pursuing computer simulated radar signal and recognizing target and fatigue degree, which scaled by the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and the score of crossing out, were tested before and after the duty of day shift(8:00-12:00 and 12:00-18:00 was defined as morning and afternoon shift respectively). The subjective evaluation of workload was done at same time.Results CFF value that measured after morning and afternoon shift was respectively 30.34±1.49 Hz and 31.11±1.53 Hz, which was significantly lower than that before morning (31.61±1.84)and afternoon shift (32.41±2.13) (t=5.49, 4.64, P＜0.01). The subjective workload after shifts (4.94±0.85, 5.06±0.77) was respectively increased (t=9.91, 14.26, P＜0.01) comparing with that before shifts. In comparison of the state before shift, the time of recognizing radar signal after morning shift was significantly longer (t=2.51, P＜0.05) and the errors of crossing out after afternoon shift was significantly increased (t=2.85, 2.24, P＜0.05). Conclusions Continued day shift would cause radar operators' significant fatigue that appeared as decreased performance and increased subjective workload.

Key words: 
Workload ;  Efficiency ;  Fatigue ;  Radar ;
Krüppel-like factors in mammalian stem cells and development (2017)

Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc-finger transcription factors that are found in many species. Recent studies have shown that KLFs play a fundamental role in regulating diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, development and regeneration. Of note, several KLFs are also crucial for maintaining pluripotency and, hence, have been linked to reprogramming and regenerative medicine approaches. Here, we review the crucial functions of KLFs in mammalian embryogenesis, stem cell biology and regeneration, as revealed by studies of animal models. We also highlight how KLFs have been implicated in human diseases and outline potential avenues for future research.