gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of parathyroid hormone secretion during correction of tumor-associated hypercalcemia. (1992)

Spontaneous recovery of parathyroid secretion during correction of tumor-associated hypercalcemia by bisphosphonates provides a unique clinical opportunity to further unravel the complex relationship between Ca and PTH levels. We measured plasma ionised Ca (Ca2+) and serum intact PTH concentrations in 31 hypercalcemic cancer patients every 2 (range, 1-3) days over a period of 3-21 (median, 7) days after pamidronate therapy. The mean (+/- SD) initial Ca2+ concentration was 1.64 +/- 0.20 mmol/L (normal, 1.05-1.26 mmol/L), with a corresponding PTH level of 4.9 +/- 2.6 (median, 4.5; range, less than 2.0-14.7) ng/L. PTH levels were subnormal in 30 of 31 patients. During correction of hypercalcemia, the relationship between Ca2+ and PTH concentrations was best described by a polynomial regression (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001). The curve of the regression entered the normal range of PTH levels (10.5 ng/L) for a Ca2+ concentration of 1.21 mmol/L. Similarly, the mean Ca2+ level that caused a reproducible increase in PTH levels compared to baseline values was 1.21 +/- 0.12 (median, 1.17; range, 1.00-1.45) mmol/L. Comparable values were obtained when day to day variations in PTH levels were considered; the mean Ca2+ threshold level was 1.24 +/- 0.12 (median, 1.25; range, 1.00-1.43) mmol/L. This PTH secretory threshold was not significantly influenced by several factors, including the type of cancer hypercalcemia, the day to day variations in Ca2+ levels, various biochemical parameters of calcium metabolism, or the number of days to obtain a normal Ca2+ concentration. In summary, contrary to previous reports, our data show that the PTH secretory threshold during correction of tumor-associated hypercalcemia lies in the upper part of the normal range of Ca2+ concentrations and is not significantly influenced by the rate of change in Ca2+ levels.
Phorbol esters promote alpha 1-adrenergic receptor phosphorylation and receptor uncoupling from inositol phospholipid metabolism. (1985)

DDT1 MF-2 cells, which are derived from hamster vas deferens smooth muscle, contain alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (54,800 +/- 2700 sites per cell) that are coupled to stimulation of inositol phospholipid metabolism. Incubation of these cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters, which stimulate calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, leads to a marked attenuation of the ability of alpha 1-receptor agonists such as norepinephrine to stimulate the turnover of inositol phospholipids. This turnover was measured by determining the 32P content of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid after prelabeling of the cellular ATP pool with 32Pi. These phorbol ester-treated cells also displayed a decrease in binding affinity of cellular alpha 1 receptors for agonists with no change in antagonist affinity. By using affinity chromatography on the affinity resin Affi-Gel-A55414, the alpha 1 receptors were purified approximately equal to 300-fold from control and phorbol ester-treated 32Pi-prelabeled cells. As assessed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the Mr 80,000 alpha 1-receptor ligand-binding subunit is a phosphopeptide containing 1.2 mol of phosphate per mol of alpha 1 receptor. After phorbol ester treatment this increased to 3.6 mol of phosphate per mol of alpha 1 receptor. The effect of phorbol esters on norepinephrine-stimulated inositol phospholipid turnover and alpha 1-receptor phosphorylation showed the same rapid time course with a t1/2 less than 2 min. These results indicate that calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase may play an important role in regulating the function of receptors that are coupled to the inositol phospholipid cycle by phosphorylating and deactivating them.
LaeA, a Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in <i>Aspergillus</i> spp (2004)

Secondary metabolites, or biochemical indicators of fungal development, are of intense interest to humankind due to their pharmaceutical and/or toxic properties. We present here a novel Aspergillus nuclear protein, LaeA, as a global regulator of secondary metabolism in this genus. Deletion of laeA (DeltalaeA) blocks the expression of metabolic gene clusters, including the sterigmatocystin (carcinogen), penicillin (antibiotic), and lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemic agent) gene clusters. Conversely, overexpression of laeA triggers increased penicillin and lovastatin gene transcription and subsequent product formation. laeA expression is negatively regulated by AflR, a sterigmatocystin Zn2Cys6 transcription factor, in a unique feedback loop, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and RasA. Although these last two proteins also negatively regulate sporulation, DeltalaeA strains show little difference in spore production compared to the wild type, indicating that the primary role of LaeA is to regulate metabolic gene clusters.
Negation in Context: A Functional Approach to Suppression (2007)

Abstract Three experiments show that, contrary to the current view, comprehenders do not unconditionally deactivate information marked by negation. Instead, they discard negated information when it is functionally motivated. In Experiment 1, comprehenders discarded negated concepts when cued by a topic shift to dampen recently processed information. However, in the presence of a global cue suggesting topic continuity, they retained it, despite a local negation marker that might prompt it. Specifically, when negative statements (The train to Boston was no rocket ; Hasson & Glucksberg, 2006 Hasson, U. and Glucksberg, S. 2006. Does understanding negation entail affirmation?. Journal of Pragmatics, 38: 1015–1032. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) were furnished with relevant (compared to irrelevant) subsequent contexts (The trip to the city was fastthough), incompatible meanings ('fast'), related to the affirmative sense of the negative metaphor (rocket), were not suppressed. Instead they were retained and primed related targets (fast) appearing in the late context. Experiment 2 showed that preceding contexts had similar effects, inducing retention of probes related to the affirmative meaning of a negated target. Such effects, however, waned after a lengthy delay (Experiment 3).
Tissue Culture in Forestry: Economic and Genetic Potential (1986)

Vegetative propagation of Canadian conifers by tissue culture methods will allow the exploitation of the maximum genetic gain achieved in forest tree breeding programs. Tissue culture could provide a much more rapid means for delivering the genetic gain achieved to the commercial forests. Key Words: Forestry, biotechnology, plant tissue culutre, genetics, tree improvement.
Synthesis of 2‐substituted 4‐oxo‐5‐nitropyrimidines from methyl 3‐ethoxy‐2‐nitroacrylate and other reactions (1985)

Abstract Methyl 3‐ethoxy‐2‐nitroacrylate (MENA) ( 1 ) has been the subject of study for the development of new syntheses leading to nitro‐substituted heterocycles.
[Concentration of neuron- and non-neuron-specific enolase isoenzymes in different structures of the brains of mentally healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients]. (1987)

Using immunoenzymic assays, the authors studied concentrations of two isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme enolase (neurospecific, NSE, and non-neurospecific, NNE) in different structures of the postmortem brain in mentally normal people (n = 15) and in schizophrenics (n = 9). In schizophrenic patients NSE concentrations were increased by 70% (p less than 0.001) in the sensory cortex and reduced by the same magnitude in the thalamus. Insignificant changes in their levels (by 15-20%, p less than 0.05) were also discovered in the temporal cortex (elevation), lymbic cortex and the hippocampus (decrease). Cerebral values of NNE in schizophrenic patients were virtually unaltered; a certain augmentation was detected only in the hippocampus. It is supposed that marked changes in NSE concentrations in the sensory cortex and in the thalamus are probably related to the pathological processes occurring in the neural tissue in schizophrenia.
ImmunoPET/MR imaging allows specific detection of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> lung infection in vivo (2016)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening lung disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, and is a leading cause of invasive fungal infection-related mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies and bone marrow transplants. We developed and tested a novel probe for noninvasive detection of A. fumigatus lung infection based on antibody-guided positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance (immunoPET/MR) imaging. Administration of a [(64)Cu]DOTA-labeled A. fumigatus-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), JF5, to neutrophil-depleted A. fumigatus-infected mice allowed specific localization of lung infection when combined with PET. Optical imaging with a fluorochrome-labeled version of the mAb showed colocalization with invasive hyphae. The mAb-based newly developed PET tracer [(64)Cu]DOTA-JF5 distinguished IPA from bacterial lung infections and, in contrast to [(18)F]FDG-PET, discriminated IPA from a general increase in metabolic activity associated with lung inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that antibody-guided in vivo imaging has been used for noninvasive diagnosis of a fungal lung disease (IPA) of humans, an approach with enormous potential for diagnosis of infectious diseases and with potential for clinical translation.
Plasma excitations in field effect transistors for terahertz detection and emission (2010)

Resonant frequencies of the two-dimensional plasma in field effect transistors (FETs) increase with the reduction of the channel dimensions and can reach the THz range for nanometer size devices. Nonlinear properties of the electron plasma in the transistor channel can lead to the detection and emission of THz radiation. The excitation of plasma waves by sub-THz and THz radiation was experimentally demonstrated at cryogenic as well as at room temperatures. We present an overview of experimental results on THz detection by FETs discussing possibilities of improvement of their performance and application for THz room temperature imaging. We present also recent results on THz emission from GaN/AlGaN-based FETs.
Optimal management of microgrids (2010)

Microgrids are the platforms to integrate DERs into distribution systems. The optimal management of such systems has gained importance in the era of competitive power market. This paper mainly concentrates on functional and logical modelling of various components and strategies of microgrids, thereby proposes an objective function to get economic sizing and scheduling of DERs in a microgrid. A case study has been conducted in order to support and strengthen the proposed method.
Colorimetric Assay of Quaternary Ammonium Salts (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric Assay of Quaternary Ammonium SaltsM E. AuerbachCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 12, 739Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560136a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i560136a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Modulation of gamma globin genes expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors: an <i>in vitro</i> study (2014)

Induction of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). Several pharmacological agents, such as hydroxycarbamide (HC) and butyrates, have been shown to induce the γ-globin genes (HBG1, HBG2). However, their therapeutic use is limited due to weak efficacy and an inhibitory effect on erythroid differentiation. Thus, more effective agents are needed. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are potential therapeutic haemoglobin (Hb) inducers able to modulate gene expression through pleiotropic mechanisms. We investigated the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, Givinostat (GVS), on erythropoiesis and haemoglobin synthesis and compared it with sodium butyrate and HC. We used an in vitro erythropoiesis model derived from peripheral CD34⁺ cells of healthy volunteers and SCD donors. GVS effects on erythroid proliferation and differentiation and on Hb synthesis were investigated. We found that GVS at high concentrations delayed erythroid differentiation with no specific effect on HBG1/2 transcription. At a low concentration (1 nmol/l), GVS induced Hb production with no effects on cells proliferation and differentiation. The efficacy of GVS 1 mol/l in Hb induction in vitro was comparable to that of HC and butyrate. Our results support the evaluation of GVS as a new candidate molecule for the treatment of the haemoglobinophathies due to its positive effects on haemoglobin production at low and non-toxic concentrations.
Techniques for Removing Nonbinding Constraints and Extraneous Variables from Linear Programming Problems (1966)

In formulating linear programming problems, analysts tend to include constraints that are not binding at the optimal solution for fear of excluding necessary constraints. The inclusion of such constraints does not alter the optimum solutions, but may require many additional iterations to be taken, as well as increase the computational difficulties encountered. Most of the methods proposed to date for identification of redundant and non-binding constraints are not warranted in practice because of the excessive computations required to implement them. These methods are reviewed in the present paper, and some of them are extended. A number of additional methods are also considered. Two of these new methods are not only practical, but have proven to be powerful in solving a number of problems. These methods may be incorporated in a variant of the simplex method. After each simplex iteration is made, constraints and variables are tested and, when identified as non-binding, are eliminated. The procedure is continued, with the problem size dwindling as the algorithm progresses, until the optimum is reached. Then the values of the eliminated variables are computed by substitution into the eliminated constraints. Early evidence shows that a size reduction for small problems (having 25-30 constraints) of 50 percent is not unusual. It is hoped that the results on larger problems will be even more significant.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of n-Channel InGaAsP-InP Based Inversion Channel Technology Devices (ICT) for Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits (OEIC): Double Heterojunction Optoelectronic Switches (DOES), Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors (HFET), Bipolar Inversion Channel Field-Effect Transistors (BICFET) and Bipolar Inversion Channel Phototransistors (BICPT). (1998)

This thesis demonstrates inversion channel technology (ICT) as a viable technique for realizing InGaAsP-InP based monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC). Inversion channel technology utilizes a common substrate and a common fabrication sequence to monolithically integrate electrical, optical and optoelectronic devices, therefore, requiring compatibility in both the device structure and fabrication sequence. This technology is demonstrated by designing, fabricating and characterizing four types of ICT devices, the DOES, HFET, BICFET and BICPT, on a common structure with a common fabrication sequence. These devices were selected because they are complementary in function and provide the circuit designer all the basic elements for building monolithic OIECs: optical emitter, optoelectronic switches, bipolar and unipolar transistors, and photodetectors. Device models for InGaAsP-InP based DOES, HFET, BICFET and BICPT are developed and used to design the four device structures used in this work. These models identify the effect of device structure on the performance of the devices. The device models are also used to predict the input, output and transfer characteristics of each type of device. This provides an understanding of device physics and operation, and a basis for comparison with experimental results. A common fabrication sequence and fabrication recipes for self-aligned n-channel InGaAsP-InP based DOES, HFET, BICFET and BICPT is designed, developed and demonstrated. This includes the photomask set for self-aligned ICT devices, SiO₂ masking for self-aligned contact formation, SiO₂ sidewall passivation of mesas for ion-implantation, high accuracy RIE etching with a an in-situ QMS, implant activation for n- and p-implants in InGaAsP-InP, and metallization over tall vertical mesa structures. The operation of the DOES, HFET, BICFET and BICPT is demonstrated experimentally. Complete sets of electrical, optical and optoelectronic measurements of the input, output and transfer characteristics of each type of device is performed. These characteristics are compared with the theoretical predictions made by the models to validate the operation of each type of device. This work demonstrates ICT as a technology for realizing OEICs in the InGaAsP-InP material system, and presents the technology required to design, fabricate and characterize these integrated devices.
Solvent Microextraction as a Speciation Tool:  Determination of Free Progesterone in a Protein Solution (1997)

A 1-microL drop of n-octane suspended from the tip of a microsyringe needle in 500 mL of stirred aqueous solution is used to extract unbound progesterone in the presence of 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA) for analysis by gas chromatography (GC). The observed extraction kinetics are in good agreement with a proposed convective-diffusive mass transfer model which accounts for diffusion of both free and bound species in the aqueous Nernst diffusion film adjacent to the interface. The equilibrium binding constant, which can be measured both at equilibrium and at nonequilibrium extraction times, is in good agreement with literature values. The very small phase ratio employed (i.e., 2 x 10(-6) mL of organic/mL of water) avoids perturbation of the aqueous solution equilibria.
Mammographically occult breast cancer: A pathologic and radiologic study (1983)

Fifteen mammographically occult breast cancers, 3 of which were preinvasive and 12 invasive, and 52 breast cancers, which presented only microcalcifications mammographically without an associated tumor shadow (33 preinvasive and 19 invasive), were reviewed pathologically and radiologically. This study suggests that most of the preinvasive cancers, without mammographically significant calcifications, are, and some of the invasive cancers situated in dense breasts may be, mammographically occult. The mean diameter of the five mammographically occult invasive ductal carcinomas and the five invasive lobular carcinomas was 20 mm and 50 mm, respectively. Histologic characteristics, which may explain why invasive lobular carcinomas could be occult mammographically, even in an advanced stage, include a diffuse invasive pattern and, frequently, a poor desmoplastic reaction in contrast to the invasive ductal carcinomas. The implications of mammographically occult cancers on management of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients are discussed.
Quantitative evaluation on edge preservation in multiresolution images (1989)

Multiresolution image processing and analysis has become popular in recent years. In this approach, image data are represented in a hierarchical manner. The original images are usually placed at the bottom level, Images with reduced resolutions are then generated at successively higher levels. In this paper, a quantitative comparison of five techniques for obtaining multiresolution images is presented. The techniques are hierarchical unweighted averaging (AVG), median filtering based on a 2*2 hierarchy (MED2), median filtering based on a 4*4 hierarchy (MED4), hierarchical selective median filtering (SMED), and alternative sampling (ALT). The purpose of this study is to present and quantitatively evaluate the five image reduction techniques. >
Cementless Press-Fit Cup Principles, Experimental Data, and Three-Year Follow-Up Study (1989)

The concept of the press-fit cup includes an operative defect as small as possible, achievement of intrinsic stability by press-fit, and surface coating by an orderly, oriented wire mesh coating. The design is a modified hemisphere with flattening in the pole area and oversized cup diameter. A first series of press-fit cups were fitted with titanium nitride-coated stainless steel mesh. The manufacturing of such chemically pure titanium has only recently become feasible. Animal experiments using mountain sheep have shown an increase in the stability of the press-fit cup within the acetabulum with time and progressive bony ingrowth; this was verified in cups retrieved at autopsy. Three hundred eighty-seven first-generation titanium nitride-coated stainless steel mesh implants have been reviewed with a follow-up time of 12 to 39 months (average, 16.6 months). There were no intraoperative complications related to the cup. The roentgenographic follow-up study of 330 (85.1%) hips showed only a single case with a radiolucent line in all zones (1-3) as a roentgenographic sign of loosening, i.e., fibrous ingrowth. Two cups had to be revised due to insufficient primary stability and tilting.
Recent advances in making nano-sized TiO<sub>2</sub>visible-light active through rare-earth metal doping (2010)

Doping with metals and non-metals is a popular technique that facilitates visible light activity of titanium dioxide. More recently, rare-earth metals have shown tremendous potential as dopants not only in red-shifting the absorption but also in improving the photocatalysis of TiO2. This feature article discusses recent developments in making TiO2 visible-light active through single and co-doping with rare earth metals. An emphasis is placed on wet chemical techniques and their associated effects on the phase, adsorption, surface area, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2. New techniques, such as electrospinning, magnetron sputtering, co-precipitation, and complexation, as well as the use of nanotubes and physical support are also discussed.
Alzheimer’s disease: clinical update on epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis (2018)

Psychiatrists can apply their skills and training in the diagnosis of AD, which is based upon a comprehensive assessment comprising history, investigations, and cognitive and functional assessment, guided by accepted diagnostic criteria.