gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of translation efficiency and accuracy (2011)

Proper functioning of biological cells requires that the process of protein expression be carried out with high efficiency and fidelity. Given an amino-acid sequence of a protein, multiple degrees of freedom still remain that may allow evolution to tune efficiency and fidelity for each gene under various conditions and cell types. Particularly, the redundancy of the genetic code allows the choice between alternative codons for the same amino acid, which, although 'synonymous,' may exert dramatic effects on the process of translation. Here we review modern developments in genomics and systems biology that have revolutionized our understanding of the multiple means by which translation is regulated. We suggest new means to model the process of translation in a richer framework that will incorporate information about gene sequences, the tRNA pool of the organism and the thermodynamic stability of the mRNA transcripts. A practical demonstration of a better understanding of the process would be a more accurate prediction of the proteome, given the transcriptome at a diversity of biological conditions.
Analogous filters for beam shaping in diagnostic radiology (1992)

A computer simulation based on photon transport calculation was used to evaluate the properties of a wide variety of materials that could be used for the filtration of x-ray beams. A single filter was added to the inherent filtration. For comparison, the concept of analogous filters was introduced: two filters were considered analogous if both produced the same ratio of entrance exposure at the patient to the energy absorbed in the detector consisting of a pair of intensifying screens positioned immediately behind the water phantom. The efficiency, contrast and integral dose were calculated for filters of odd atomic numbers from 1 to 91 with a large number of different parameters (48,600 different combinations). They include essentially all major diagnostic radiology procedures, except mammography. Only extreme cases are presented here. No magic filter was found which would produce increased contrasts or a decreased integral dose, while maintaining efficiency close to that of aluminium. Filters of some atomic numbers produced increased contrast, but had negligible efficiency. Analogous filters of atomic numbers between 7 and 37 and also between 71 and 91, had almost identical properties but varied efficiencies. Unpredictable behaviour was obtained with filters of atomic numbers 38 to 70, where small changes in atomic number may produce large changes in all the properties due to the presence of K-edge discontinuities.
Gepaste zorg voor mensen met angst of depressie. (2011)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate care received for anxiety and depression, to identify which patient-, GP- and practice factors obstruct delivery of care in accordance with Dutch College of General Practitioners' (NHG) practice guidelines, and to evaluate the costs and effects of guideline-concordant care. DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHODS: During the baseline assessment of the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety - which has followed a large number of adults with and without psychiatric complaints since 2004 - various questionnaires and diagnostic interviews were completed. At one year follow-up, the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression, overall functioning or dysfunction, healthcare use and absenteeism from employment over the past year were assessed. Data from electronic medical patient records were studied to determine whether NHG practice guidelines had been followed. RESULTS: Of the 721 patients with an anxiety or depressive disorder, 57% (n = 413) indicated receiving some form of care; two-thirds of this group received appropriate care according to NHG practice guidelines (n = 281). At patient level the severity of depressive symptoms, the self-evaluated need for care, a high level of education and accessibility of care were most strongly associated with guideline adherence; at general practitioner level, collaboration with other mental health professionals was most strongly associated with guideline adherence. On average, all patients had symptoms that were less serious than a year previously, irrespective of which care they had received. Guideline-concordant care was significantly more expensive. CONCLUSION: Half of the patients who had not received care did not think that they needed it. Of those who had received care, those with more severe symptoms and greatest need for care were most likely to have received guideline-concordant care. Both patients and general practitioners seemed well able to assess whether care was needed or not. (aut. ref.)
Amino-Acid Sequence of Citrate-Lyase Acyl-Carrier Protein from Klebsiella aerogenes (1978)

The complete amino-acid sequence of the acyl carrier protein of citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes (ATCC 13882) was determined by automated sequential Edman degrad degradations of the protein and of peptides in a liquid-phase sequencer of Edman and a solid-phase sequencer of laursen. The sequence composed of 78 resideues does not contain tyrosine of histidine restidine resideues. The primary structure has been established as Met-Glu-Met-Lys-Ile-Asp-Ala-Leu-Ala-Gly-Thr-Leu-Glu- Ser-Ser-AsP-Val-Met-Val-Arg-Ile-Gly-Pro-Ala-Ala-Gln-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asp Ser-Ile-Val-Lys-Gln-Glu-Phe-Gly-Ala-Ile-Gln-Gln-Val-Arg-Glu-Thr-Leu-Ala-Gln- Leu-Gly-Val-Lys-Glu-Cys-Asp-Asn-Val-Gln-Leu-Ala-Arg-Val-Gln-Ala-Ala-Leu-Arg-Trp-Gln-Gln. The molecular weight of the acyl carrier protein calculated from the amino acid sequence and the phosphoribosyl dephospho-CoA prostheitic group is 9378. This prostheitc group is bound in phosphodiester linkage to serine-14 of the acyl carrier protein. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that citrate lyase acyl carrier protein has a high degree of α-helical structure. In this respect and in molecular size the acyl carrier protein from citrate lyase resmbles the acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli acid syntetase. However, wit exception of two very short sequences the mino acid sequences of these two proteins are completely different.
Cascade classifier: design and application to digit recognition (2005)

The focus of this paper is on machine learning. More specifically, a classifier combination is proposed. We name it "cascade classifier". Conceptually, this system is based on confusion analysis and local retraining mechanism. We describe its architecture. Experiments with handwritten digit images of the MNIST ("modified NIST") database are presented.
Automated Lane Changing With a Controlled Steering-Wheel Feedback Torque for Low Lateral Acceleration Purposes (2019)

To bridge the gap between autonomous and normal steering during low lateral acceleration maneuvers, a steering-wheel torque controller is developed. It consists of three controllers in series, a high-gain feedback steering-wheel torque controller, a nonlinear steering-angle controller, and a linear yaw-rate controller. A validated two degrees of freedom steering-system model, in combination with a single-track vehicle model, is used to determine the controller parameters. Driving tests with different drivers have been executed to find a comfortable steering-wheel torque/angle relation. This relation is maintained throughout the lane change by specifying the steering-wheel torque as a function of the steering-wheel angle tracking error. Experiments show promising results regarding the driver/vehicle interaction, but also show that a system to detect the lanes and the vehicle position on the road is required for further improvement.
Prostaglandin analogs for hair growth: Great Expectations (2003)

Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, has been reported to stimulate eyelash growth in patients using it in eye preparations for glaucoma and body and scalp hair growth when used topically in various animal models. Will prostaglandin analogs be the next agents used for forms of alopecia?
Steric and lipophobic components of the hydrophobic fragmental constant. (1981)

Newly calculated increments of molar volumes and surface areas were compared with hydrophobic fragmental constants in an effort to establish a relationship between these parameters. For completely non-polar fragments, the hydrophobicity is directly and linearly related to the volume or surface area. In the case of most fragments, however, the hydrophobicity is found to result from two factors, namely, a) a volume- or surface-related lipophilicity, and b) a lipophobicity effect, designated. The physical meaning of this parameter is unclear at present and may be related to hydration effects. The parameter may be of interest in QSAR studies. This is illustrated by an example in which the combined use of V and discriminates between the steric and lipophobic contributions of the partition coefficient to the biological activity.
Free radical scavenginga activity and flavonoids contents of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem and seed extracts (2009)

The present study was designed to explore the total flavonoid and taxifolin contents and the radical scavenging activity of 50% ethanol extracts of Polygonum orientale leaf, stem and seed by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extract with higher total flavonoid content has higher radical scavenging activity. Taxifolin (IC50 = 2.83 μmol/L) has stronger antioxidant activity than that of rutin (IC50 = 3.08 μmol/L). The free radical scavenging potential of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, water, ethanol and methanol extracts of P. orientale seed were also investigated. The free radical scavenging abilities of various extracts were determined as: methanol > ethanol > water > ethyl acetate > chloroform
Does Antigen‐Specific Cytokine Response Correlate with the Experience of Oculorespiratory Syndrome after Influenza Vaccine? (2003)

During the 2000-2001 season in Canada, a newly identified oculorespiratory syndrome (ORS) was observed in patients after immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. ORS was associated with a high proportion of microaggregates of unsplit virions in the implicated vaccine and had clinical features suggesting delayed-onset hypersensitivity. We explore the association between in vitro cytokine balance (type 1 vs. type 2) and clinical ORS after influenza vaccination. We report the balance of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-5, and IL-13 expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) among unvaccinated, vaccinated ORS-affected, and vaccinated ORS-unaffected persons after in vitro challenge with implicated and nonimplicated vaccines. Antigen-stimulated PBMC from vaccinated persons produced significantly more IFN-gamma than did those from unvaccinated persons. There was a statistically significant type 2 polarization among unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons. Although vaccinated ORS-affected individuals had less of a type 1 basis than did vaccinated unaffected individuals, this difference was not statistically significant.
Rubber-Toughened Styrene Polymers (1989)

This chapter surveys the possible ways to influence the molecular and morphological structures of rubber-toughened styrene polymers in industrial production processes. Two important types of production processes are used in industry. The first is polymerization of styrene monomer or its mixture with other monomers in the presence of dissolved rubber. The second is a graft polymerization of the monomer(s) onto preformed rubber in emulsion. In both cases, the structure of the dispersed rubber phase depends to a great extent on the process conditions. Transparent and very tough styrene-butadiene copolymers produced by anionic polymerization have recently become of interest. The most important characteristics of these two-phase or multiphase products are the molecular weight of the matrix; phase-volume ratio; type of particle, particle size, and size distribution; interfacial bonding; and rubber cross-linking density. The proper combination of all these properties has resulted in numerous novelties in high-impact polystyrene and acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymers, and it will continue to do so in the future.
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis in the Reverse (<i>N </i>→ <i>C</i>) Direction (2000)

[reaction: see text] A new strategy for SPPS in the reverse direction based on the use of 2-Cl-trityl resin, an allyl ester as the temporary protecting group, and Cu(OBt)(2)/DIPCDI or HATU/DIEA as the coupling method is described. These conditions ensure good yields with minimal racemization of the C-terminal residue.
Using Third Party Phone Pay Service for Small-Amount Payment in E-commerce Operations (2007)

Lately, business transactions involving credit cards have encountered secure online payment problems, resulting in many consumers being unwilling to use credit cards for internet transactions. ATM bank cash transfers require that the consumer runs to an ATM machine to complete the cash payment. COD payments create a high risk and high cost for internet business operations. Moreover, businesses are starting to slowly provide internet services as the concept of using the internet to do business is slowly gaining popularity among the consumer. In light of the fact that mobile phone companies are starting to offer small-amount Phone-Pay methods, the authors of this paper have studied and proposed how internet companies can apply small-amount Phone-Pay methods to complete business transactions. Field of Research: e-commerce, small-amount payment
Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate liver fibrosis by suppressing Th17 cells - an experimental study (2017)

This study investigates molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated modulation of IL-17 signaling during liver fibrosis. Mice received CCl<sub>4</sub> (1 μl/g intraperitoneally) twice/week for 1 month. MSCs (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> ), or MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM), were intravenously injected 24 h after CCl<sub>4</sub> and on every 7th day. Liver fibrosis was determined by macroscopic examination, histological analysis, Sirius red staining, and RT-PCR. Serum levels of cytokines, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and kynurenine were determined by ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to identify liver-infiltrated cells. In vitro, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were stimulated and cultured with MSCs. 1-methyltryptophan was used for inhibition of IDO. MSCs significantly attenuated CCl<sub>4</sub> -induced liver fibrosis by decreasing serum levels of inflammatory IL-17, increasing immunosuppressive IL-10, IDO, and kynurenine, reducing number of IL-17 producing Th17 cells, and increasing percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup> IL-10<sup>+</sup> T cells. Injection of MSC-CM resulted with attenuated fibrosis accompanied with the reduced number of Th17 cells in the liver and decreased serum levels of IL-17. MSC-CM promoted expansion of CD4<sup>+</sup> FoxP3<sup>+</sup> IL-10<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells and suppressed proliferation of Th17 cells. This phenomenon was completely abrogated in the presence of IDO inhibitor. MSCs, in IDO-dependent manner, suppress liver Th17 cells which lead to the attenuation of liver fibrosis.
Study of piezoelectric valveless micropump driven by surface traveling waves (2003)

of pierroelectric vaiVeless micropump
Consequences of Cytoplasmic Irradiation: Studies from Microbeam (2009)

The prevailing dogma for radiation biology is that genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation such as mutations and carcinogenesis are attributed mainly to direct damage to the nucleus. However, with the development of microbeam that can target precise positions inside the cells, accumulating evidences have shown that energy deposit by radiation in nuclear DNA is not required to trigger the damage, extra-nuclear or extra-cellular radiation could induce the similar biological effects as well. This review will summarize the biological responses after cytoplasm irradiated by microbeam, and the possible mechanisms involved in cytoplasmic irradiation.
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) Isolation and Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Clorsulon in Milk (1991)

Abstract A method for the isolation and liquid chromatographic determination of the anti-parasitic drug clorsulon in milk is presented. Milk samples (0.5 g) were blended with 2 grams of C-18 (octadecylsilyl-derivatized silica column packing material). A column was made from the C-18/milk matrix and first washed with hexane. The clorsulon was then eluted from this column with ethyl ether. The ether eluate was cleaned up by Florisil solid phase extraction, and clorsulon was subsequently determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The overall recovery of clorsulon from milk spiked at 50–200 ppm was 93.0&with a coefficient of variation of 5.6 & The MSPD method and a solid phase extraction method used by the FDA gave comparable values for milk containing incurred clorsulon residues.
Environmental enrichment as an effective treatment for autism: A randomized controlled trial. (2013)

Enriched sensorimotor environments enable rodents to compensate for a wide range of neurological challenges, including those induced in animal models of autism. Given the sensorimotor deficits in most children with autism, we attempted to translate that approach to their treatment. In a randomized controlled trial, 3-12 year-old children with autism were assigned to either a sensorimotor enrichment group, which received daily olfactory/tactile stimulation along with exercises that stimulated other paired sensory modalities, or to a control group. We administered tests of cognitive performance and autism severity to both groups at the initiation of the study and after 6 months. Severity of autism, as assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, improved significantly in the enriched group compared to controls. Indeed, 42% of the enriched group and only 7% of the control group had what we considered to be a clinically significant improvement of 5 points on that scale. Sensorimotor enrichment also produced a clear improvement in cognition, as determined by their Leiter-R Visualization and Reasoning scores. At 6 months, the change in average scores for the enriched group was 11.3 points higher than that for the control group. Finally, 69% of parents in the enriched group and 31% of parents in the control group reported improvement in their child over the 6-month study. Environmental enrichment therefore appears to be effective in ameliorating some of the symptoms of autism in children.
The Multiple Scattering of Waves. I. General Theory of Isotropic Scattering by Randomly Distributed Scatterers (1945)

While the problem of the multiple scattering of particles by a random distribution of scatterers has been treated classically through the use of the Boltzmann integro-differential equation, the corresponding problem of the multiple scattering of waves seems to have received scant attention. All previous treatments have considered the problem in the "geometrical optics" limit, where the rays are regarded as trajectories of particles and the treatment for particles is then applied, so that the interference phenomena in wave scattering are neglected. In this paper the problem of the multiple scattering of scalar waves by a random distribution of isotropic scatterers is considered in detail on the basis of a consistent wave treatment. The introduction of the concept of "randomness" requires averages to be taken over a statistical ensemble of scatterer configurations. Equations are derived for the average value of the wave function, the average value of the square of its absolute value, and the average flux carried by the wave. The second of these quantities satisfies an integral equation which has some similarities to the corresponding equation for particle scattering. The physical interpretation of the results is discussed in some detail and possible generalizations of the theory are outlined.
Role of the Carbohydrate Moieties in Chiral Recognition on Teicoplanin-Based LC Stationary Phases (2000)

For this study, we used the macrocyclic antibiotic teicoplanin, a molecule consisting of an aglycone peptide "basket" with three attached carbohydrate (sugar) moieties. The sugar units were removed and the aglycone was purified. Two chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were prepared in a similar way, one with the native teicoplanin molecule and the other with the aglycone. Twenty-six compounds were evaluated on the two CSPs with seven RPLC mobile phases and two polar organic mobile phases. The compounds were 13 amino acids or structurally related compounds (including DOPA, folinic acid, etc.) and 13 other compounds (such as carnitine, bromacil, etc.). The chromatographic results are given as the retention, selectivity, and resolution factors along with the peak efficiency and the enantioselective free energy difference corresponding to the separation of the two enantiomers. The polarities of the two CSPs are similar. It is clearly established that the aglycone is responsible for the enantioseparation of amino acids. The difference in enantioselective free energy between the aglycone CSP and the teicoplanin CSP was between 0.3 and 1 kcal/mol for amino acid enantioseparations. This produced resolution factors 2-5 times higher with the aglycone CSP. Four non amino acid compounds were separated only on the teicoplanin CSP. Six and five compounds were better separated on the teicoplanin and aglycone CSPs, respectively. Although the sugar units decrease the resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers, they can contribute significantly to the resolution of a number of non amino acid enantiomeric pairs.
Recurrence of Mitral Valve Regurgitation After Mitral Valve Repair in Degenerative Valve Disease (2003)

The durability of a successful mitral reconstruction for degenerative mitral valve disease is not constant, and this should be taken into account when asymptomatic patients are offered early mitral valve repair.
A Robust Scheme for Feature-Preserving Mesh Denoising (2015)

In recent years researchers have made noticeable progresses in mesh denoising, that is, recovering high-quality 3D models from meshes corrupted with noise (raw or synthetic). Nevertheless, these state of the art approaches still fall short for robustly handling various noisy 3D models. The main technical challenge of robust mesh denoising is to remove noise while maximally preserving geometric features. In particular, this issue becomes more difficult for models with considerable amount of noise. In this paper we present a novel scheme for robust feature-preserving mesh denoising. Given a noisy mesh input, our method first estimates an initial mesh, then performs feature detection, identification and connection, and finally, iteratively updates vertex positions based on the constructed feature edges. Through many experiments, we show that our approach can robustly and effectively denoise various input mesh models with synthetic noise or raw scanned noise. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons between our method and the selected state of the art methods also show that our approach can noticeably outperform them in terms of both quality and robustness.