gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Real-Time Imaging (1994)

From the Publisher:
An invaluable source for both imaging and software engineers, this practical guide thoroughly covers information in real-time systems, imaging, optimization, algorithms and hardware for image processing. You'll gain a comprehensive knowledge of the structure, computation, and application of the fundamental algorithms necessary to get the most out of your imaging technology.Topics covered include:*Basic hardware architecture*Linear and non-linear image processing algorithms*Efficient algorithms*Optimization techniques*Programming languages*Hardware architectures*Choosing a processor, and more!
Spongy Graphene as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Sorbent for Oils and Organic Solvents (2012)

Abstract In this work, spongy graphene (SG), a shape‐mouldable and nanoporous material with a high specific surface area used as a versatile and recyclable sorbent material, is proposed and studied. SG shows highly efficient absorption of not only petroleum products and fats, but also toxic solvents such as toluene and chloroform (up to 86 times of its own weight), requiring no further pretreatment, which is tens of times higher than that of conventional absorbers. Moreover, SG can be regenerated (>10 times) by heat treatment, yielding the full release of adsorbates (>99%). The present work suggests SG a widespread potential for applications in industry as well as topics regarding environmental protection.
Analyzing Temporal Dynamics in Music (2005)

THIS ARTICLE INTRODUCES THEORETICAL and analytical tools for research involving musical emotion or musical change. We describe techniques for visualizing and analyzing data drawn from timevarying processes, such as continuous tension judgments, movement tracking, and performance tempo curves. Functional Data Analysis tools are demonstrated with real-time judgments of musical tension (a proxy for musical affect) to reveal patterns of tension and resolution in a listener's experience. The derivatives of tension judgment curves are shown to change with cycles of expectation and release in music, indexing the dynamics of musical tension. We explore notions of potential energy and kinetic energy in music and propose that affective energy is stored or released in the listener as musical tension increases and decreases. Differential calculus (and related concepts) are introduced as tools for the analysis of temporal dynamics in musical performances, and phase-plane plots are described as a means to quantify and to visualize musical change.
Live-Cell Visualization of Pre-mRNA Splicing with Single-Molecule Sensitivity (2013)

Removal of introns from pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) via splicing provides a versatile means of genetic regulation that is often disrupted in human diseases. To decipher how splicing occurs in real time, we directly examined with single-molecule sensitivity the kinetics of intron excision from pre-mRNA in the nucleus of living human cells. By using two different RNA labeling methods, MS2 and λN, we show that β-globin introns are transcribed and excised in 20-30 s. Furthermore, we show that replacing the weak polypyrimidine (Py) tract in mouse immunoglobulin μ (IgM) pre-mRNA by a U-rich Py decreases the intron lifetime, thus providing direct evidence that splice-site strength influences splicing kinetics. We also found that RNA polymerase II transcribes at elongation rates ranging between 3 and 6 kb min(-1) and that transcription can be rate limiting for splicing. These results have important implications for a mechanistic understanding of cotranscriptional splicing regulation in the live-cell context.
Syntax-based Vulnerability Testing of Frame-based Network Protocols. (2004)

Syntax-based vulnerability testing is a static black-box testing method for protocol implementations. It involves testing the Implementation Under Test (IUT) with a large number of mutated Protocol Data Units (PDUs), built by intentionally disobeying the protocol’s syntax. Security vulnerabilities can be discovered by detecting anomalous behaviour or crashes in the IUT (e.g. segmentation faults, buffer, heap or stack overflows, etc.) when it attempts to parse and use a mutated PDU. Previous research has led to the development of a protocol testing framework and methodology for syntax-based testing of protocols, whose abstract syntax is based on ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation), and whose transfer syntax is based on BER or DER (Basic or Distinguished Encoding Rules). These protocols have syntactic structure information embedded in the PDU. However, many protocols are not specified using such standards and do not include embedded syntactic structure information. Instead the byte sequence of the data in the PDUs is specified using frame-based PDU definitions in the protocol specification. This paper presents research that extends the previous testing tools and techniques to include frame-based protocols. OSPF is such a protocol. Several well-known OSPF protocol implementations are tested for protocol vulnerabilities. Security vulnerabilities have been found in some implementations.
Rapid Endothelial Turnover in Atherosclerosis-Prone Areas Coincides With Stem Cell Repair in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2008)

Our findings provide the first quantitative data on endothelial turnover and repair by progenitor cells that are, at least in part, derived from bone marrow during development of atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) mice.
Vapor deposition of tantalum and tantalum compounds (1996)

Tantalum, and many of its compounds, can be deposited as coatings with techniques ranging from pure, thermal chemical vapor deposition to pure physical vapor deposition. This review concentrates on chemical vapor deposition techniques. The paper takes a historical approach. The authors review classical, metal halide-based techniques and current techniques for tantalum chemical vapor deposition. The advantages and limitations of the techniques will be compared. The need for new lower temperature processes and hence new precursor chemicals will be examined and explained. In the last section, they add some speculation as to possible new, low-temperature precursors for tantalum chemical vapor deposition.
Effects of Ethephon, Ethylene, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Asexual Embryogenesis <i>in Vitro</i> (1977)

Asexual embryogenesis in Daucus carota L. ;Queen Anne's Lace' callus was suppressed by Ethephon, ethylene, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The Ethephon effect could be attributed to volatile and nonvolatile substances. The volatile component was probably entirely ethylene. Ethylene was liberated in the cultures in direct proportion to Ethephon added to the medium. Autoclaving of Ethephon caused a substantial decrease of measurable ethylene. Continuous exposure of callus to 5 mul/l ethylene depressed somatic cell embryogenesis, but not markedly. Depression of embryogenesis by 2,4-D was unrelated to ethylene evolution.
Interleukin‐8 processing by neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase‐3 (1994)

Activated neutrophils secrete two forms of IL-8 with 77 and 72 amino acids, IL-8(77) and IL-8(72), along with proteinases that could process these cytokines. Significant conversion of IL-8(77) to more potent, N-terminally truncated forms was observed upon incubation with neutrophil granule lysates and purified proteinase-3. IL-8(72) was considerably more resistant to proteolytic processing than IL-8(77). The present observations indicate that neutrophil proteinases released in inflamed tissues convert IL-8 to more active forms and therefore tend to conserve or enhance, rather than decrease IL-8 activity.
Phosphorus Distribution between CaO-CaF2-SiO2 Melts and Carbon-saturated Iron (1985)

The information about thermodynamic properties of phosphorus in lime bearing slags at relatively low temperatures is required in connection with the recent progress of hot metal treatment.In the present study, the equilibrium distribution ratio of phosphorus (LP) between CaO-CaF2-SiO2 melts saturated with CaO, 3CaO•SiO2 and/or 2CaO•SiO2 and carbon-saturated iron has been measured under a CO atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1400°C, keeping in mind that the industrial flux always contains some undissolved solids.The results are summarized as follows:(1) The distribution ratio, LP increases with increasing CaO content and has a maximum when the slag is doubly saturated with CaO and 3CaO•SiO2.(2) The phosphate capacity is confirmed to be independent of the partial pressure of oxygen in the case that iron-carbon melts are equilibrated with austenite and CO at 1300°C. The phosphate capacity in basic regions of this system is much greater than that of other lime bearing slaps.(3) CaF2 is more effective for dephosphorization than CaCl2, probably because the interaction between fluorine and phosphorus and between fluorine and calcium is stronger than that between chlorine and phosphorus and between chlorine and calcium.(4) The distribution ratio, LP increases significantly with a small Na2O addition to the CaO-CaF2-SiO2 system, indicating that the costly soda ash treatment can be replaced by lime-based flux containing a little soda ash.
Properties of double heterostructure injection lasers: Continuous room-temperature operation (1970)

Recently we prepared double heterostructure (DH) injection lasers that were the first junction lasers to operate continuously at and above 300°K. The lasers are multilayer structures of Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> As and GaAs that have the wider-gap material on both sides of a thin layer of the narrower-gap material and that, for CW room-temperature operation, were bonded onto diamond heat sinks. At 300°K the best DH Fabry-Perot lasers have lower threshold current densities <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(J th \approx 1600-3000</tex> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) than the best single heterostructure (SH) lasers (∼ 8000 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) or the best homostructure lasers ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 20-30</tex> kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). This results from improvement in optical and carrier confinement, and, in fact, passive guiding has been observed in active regions of the DH laser.
Effects of Shh and Noggin on neural crest formation demonstrate that BMP is required in the neural tube but not ectoderm (1998)

To define the timing of neural crest formation, we challenged the fate of presumptive neural crest cells by grafting notochords, Sonic Hedgehog- (Shh) or Noggin-secreting cells at different stages of neurulation in chick embryos. Notochords or Shh-secreting cells are able to prevent neural crest formation at open neural plate levels, as assayed by DiI-labeling and expression of the transcription factor, Slug, suggesting that neural crest cells are not committed to their fate at this time. In contrast, the BMP signaling antagonist, Noggin, does not repress neural crest formation at the open neural plate stage, but does so if injected into the lumen of the closing neural tube. The period of Noggin sensitivity corresponds to the time when BMPs are expressed in the dorsal neural tube but are down-regulated in the non-neural ectoderm. To confirm the timing of neural crest formation, Shh or Noggin were added to neural folds at defined times in culture. Shh inhibits neural crest production at early stages (0-5 hours in culture), whereas Noggin exerts an effect on neural crest production only later (5-10 hours in culture). Our results suggest three phases of neurulation that relate to neural crest formation: (1) an initial BMP-independent phase that can be prevented by Shh-mediated signals from the notochord; (2) an intermediate BMP-dependent phase around the time of neural tube closure, when BMP-4 is expressed in the dorsal neural tube; and (3) a later pre-migratory phase which is refractory to exogenous Shh and Noggin.
Perioperative Parenteral Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis (1987)

We used a meta-analysis protocol to evaluate the results of 18 controlled trials that measured the effectiveness of perioperative total parenteral nutrition. The pooled results of 11 trials that were randomized or quasi-randomized showed trends suggesting that total parenteral nutrition reduced the risk for complications from major surgery (p = 0.21) and fatalities (p = 0.21). Consideration of these pooled estimates of the effectiveness of this intervention must be offset by the poor quality of the trials' methodologies and the iatrogenic complications (pneumothorax, septicemia) that occurred at a pooled rate of 0.067. Alternately, other design flaws, such as the failure to exclude patients who were not malnourished from the trials, may have limited the ability of these trials to show the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition. The evidence available up to August 1986 shows that the routine use of perioperative total parenteral nutrition in unselected patients having major surgery is not justified; however, this intervention may be helpful in subgroups of these patients who are at high risk.
On gate function based tests for scan designs (2016)

Recently we proposed generation of tests for scan designs based on the functions of gates used in the designs. The tests for gates used in the design were derived based on minimal true and maximal false vertices of the functions realized by the gates. Next tests for gates in the design are generated by a modified ATPG that attempts to embed the gate tests in to tests for the scan designs using the gates. Often not all derived gate tests could be embedded in to scan tests due to the constraints imposed by the gate tests. In this paper we propose using what we refer to as exclusive cubes as gate tests. These gate tests are more flexible than the gate tests using minimal true and maximal false vertices. The added flexibility facilitates embedding gate tests in to scan tests. We provide experimental results on larger ISCAS-89 and ITC-99 benchmark circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of using exclusive cubes in generating scan tests for designs using complex gates.
A newly designed single etalon double edge Doppler wind lidar receiving optical system (2008)

A new optical Doppler lidar receiving system which can measure Doppler-shifted incoherent scattering light has been proposed and tested. This system functions in a manner similar to two edge filters and consists of a single etalon, a polarization beam splitter, and mirrors that can guide scattered light into a single etalon with two different angles. These two incident angles are precisely adjusted by the polarization beam splitter and mirrors. Using this optical receiving system we can measure a moving target with a high sensitivity. Theoretical calculations show that this system will have a better optical sensitivity than a single edge system and will allow the use of incoherent Doppler lidar for wind velocity measurements.
Dependence of Ni/AlGaN Schottky barrier height on Al mole fraction (2000)

The dependence of the Schottky barrier height of Ni/AlxGa1−xN contact on the Al mole fraction up to x=0.23 was studied. The barrier heights were measured by I–V, capacitance–voltage, and the internal photoemission method. The Al mole fractions were estimated from the AlGaN band gap energies measured by photoluminescence. In the range of x&lt;0.2 a linear relationship between the barrier height and Al mole fraction was obtained. This was consistent with the slope predicted by the Schottky rule. For x=0.23, the measured barrier height was lower than predicted. We believed this was due to crystalline defects at the Ni/AlGaN interface.
Stedman's medical dictionary for the health professions and nursing : illustrated (2005)

The Fifth Edition of this popular medical dictionary is thoroughly updated with more than 51,000 entries, featuring more of the medical terminology used in over 30 of today's fastest growing health profession areas. You'll also find more comprehensive inclusion of entries suited for the Nursing field, with correct terminology for all Nursing students and practitioners. The features include: more than 4,000 new terms totaling 51,000 terms; more than 900 enriched color images and photographs which add clarity and emphasis to terms; detailed images by Anatomical Chart Company, included in a special glossy insert, which enhance the comprehension of anatomical terms; 65 valuable appendices covering 11 sections; new precision-cut thumb tabs which enable quick A-to-Z reference; written pronunciations for every term to help you master usage quickly; eye-catching icons which help identify terms that have associated images, have an audio pronunciation, or are combining forms; more British alternative spellings; and more than 40 leading consultants from the fastest growing nursing and health professions contributed to the enhancements of this latest edition. In addition, the Bonus CD-ROM packaged with the book includes all the features of the print edition and: an audio pronunciation for nearly every term; anatomical animations provided by Primal Pictures to help you comprehend key concepts further; and the functionality you need: to Browse by Index/Wordwheel Search; Wildcard Search; and Search in Definition; User Dictionary; and a free 14 day Primal Anatomy DVD packaged in the back of the dictionary with Interactive Functional Anatomy. It is also available for PDA.
Purification and properties of an amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MP50 which enantioselectively hydrolyzes 2-arylpropionamides (1996)

An enantioselective amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MP50 was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 480,000 and is composed of identical subunits with molecular weights of about 61,000. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence was significantly different from previously published sequences of bacterial amidases. The purified amidase hydrolyzed a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic amides, The highest enzyme activities were found with amides carrying hydrophobic residues, such as pentyl or naphthoyl. The purified enzyme converted racemic 2-phenylpropionamide, naproxen amide [2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionamide], and ketoprofen amide [2-(3'-benzoylphenyl)propionamide] to the corresponding S-acids with an enantiomeric excess of >99% and an almost 50% conversion of the racemic amides. The enzyme also hydrolyzed different alpha-amino amides but without significant enantioselectivity.
Targeting Angiogenesis With Integrative Cancer Therapies (2006)

An integrative approach for managing a patient with cancer should target the multiple biochemical and physiological pathways that support tumor development while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. Angiogenesis is a key process in the promotion of cancer. Many natural health products that inhibit angiogenesis also manifest other anticancer activities. The authors will focus on natural health products (NHPs) that have a high degree of antiangiogenic activity but also describe some of their many other interactions that can inhibit tumor progression and reduce the risk of metastasis. NHPs target various molecular pathways besides angiogenesis, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the HER-2/neu gene, the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, the NF-kB transcription factor, the protein kinases, Bcl-2 protein, and coagulation pathways. The herbalist has access to hundreds of years of observational data on the anticancer activity of many herbs. Laboratory studies are confirming the knowledge that is already documented in traditional texts. The following herbs are traditionally used for anticancer treatment and are antiangiogenic through multiple interdependent processes that include effects on gene expression, signal processing, and enzyme activities: Artemisia annua (Chinese wormwood), Viscum album (European mistletoe), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap), resveratrol and proanthocyanidin (grape seed extract), Magnolia officinalis (Chinese magnolia tree), Camellia sinensis (green tea), Ginkgo biloba, quercetin, Poria cocos, Zingiber officinale (ginger), Panax ginseng, Rabdosia rubescens (rabdosia), and Chinese destagnation herbs. Quality assurance of appropriate extracts is essential prior to embarking on clinical trials. More data are required on dose response, appropriate combinations, and potential toxicities. Given the multiple effects of these agents, their future use for cancer therapy probably lies in synergistic combinations. During active cancer therapy, they should generally be evaluated in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. In this role, they act as biological response modifiers and adaptogens, potentially enhancing the efficacy of the so-called conventional therapies. Their effectiveness may be increased when multiple agents are used in optimal combinations. New designs for trials to demonstrate activity in human subjects are required. Although controlled trials might be preferred, smaller studies with appropriate end points and surrogate markers for antiangiogenic response could help prioritize agents for the larger resource-intensive phase 3 trials.
Cognitive radio networks (2009)

Radio spectrum is a scarce and precious natural resource that is significantly underutilized with current fixed spectrum-licensing policies [1]. This has inspired the development of hierarchical spectrum-sharing systems, where secondary systems are allowed to access the underutilized spectrum of incumbents without causing harmful interference to legacy/primary systems. In this article, we are interested in an important paradigm of secondary systems known as cognitive radio (CR) networks [2], [3], where the secondary terminals are envisioned to be capable of sensing and reasoning about the operating radio environments and thereby autonomously adjusting their transceiver parameters to exploit the underutilized radio resources in a dynamic fashion.
Efficacy of apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibition in subjects with mild-to-moderate hyperlipidaemia (2011)

Mipomersen administered as monotherapy in subjects with mild-to-moderate hyperlipidaemia produced potent reductions in all apoB-containing lipoproteins. Higher doses were associated with hepatic transaminase increases.
Porphobilinogen (1954)

Porphobilinogen was isolated by Westall (1952) from the urine of a patient with acute porphyria. A structure (I), to be discussed later, was assigned to it by Cookson & Rimington (1953) and Cookson (1953a) on the basis of the chemical reactions briefly recorded in these preliminary notes, and was further supported by the X-ray crystallographic investigations of Kennard (1953). In the present paper our chemical studies are described in detail, together with an improved method of isolation of porphobilinogen, and a discussion of its conversion into porphyrin.