gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pumpdown assistance extends coiled tubing reach (1992)

One of the most challenging coiled tubing applications to emerge in the last few years is horizontal well maintenance. When wireline cannot be used, techniques that offer some of the same flexibility, availability and relatively low cost must be used. During this same period, however, drilling technology has also made huge strides in horizontal and extended-reach areas. Wells are now being drilled with horizontal lengths in excess of 6,000 ft and measured depths of more than 22,000 ft. This paper reports that although horizontal wells are definitely here to stay, many operators have had to reevaluate their positions after being confronted with the problem of recompleting these wells to eliminate excessive water or gas production. A full workover with workstring using either a drilling rig or snubbing unit can be expensive and may lead to lost production because of limited rig availability. Coiled tubing has successfully been used in most cases thus far, but it has length and horizontal reach limitations that drilling technology will soon overtake. Within the constraints of current technology and tube capabilities, coiled tubing does not have the buckling resistance or reel capacity to service today's longest horizontal and extended reach wells or those planned andmore » foreseen in the future. Even if coiled tubing can reach TD, operations requiring downward force are severely restricted.« less
국내 시판 일부 불소함유치약 사용 시 연령별 어린이 불소섭취량 (2012)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of daily fluoride intake among children using fluoride-containing dentifrice in an effort to pave the way for the selection of criteria for the development of safe dentifrice for different age groups to make a contribution to children`s oral health. Methods: This study was implemented over approximately six months from May to October 2008 by recruiting subjects, asking their consent, conducting a survey, collecting samples and analyzing the collected data. The subjects in this study were preschool residents in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, who were at the western age of 2 to 5. The amount of fluoride withdrawn from their one time toothbrushing was measured in two different ways. One was by using HMDS-facilitated modified diffusion method and fluoride ion electrode, and the other was by applying ion chromatography without the diffusion procedure. Results: The fluoride intake accounted for 46.5±19.1 percent of the amount of fluoride used, and that percentage was statistically significantly different according to ag (p<0.01). The one-time fluoride intake from dentifrice per weight(㎏) was a mean of 0.009±0.006㎎. As a result of multiplying this amount by daily toothbrushing frequency, the daily fluoride intake from dentifrice per weight ㎏) appeared to be 0.023±0.016㎎ on average. There was a large difference among the children in that regard, since that ranged from a low of 0.003㎎ to a high of 0.070㎎. And age made a statistically significant difference to that(p<0.01). Conclusions: The above-mentioned findings of the study showed that the children`s daily fluoride intake from dentifrice per weight was lower than the recommended daily fluoride intake from diets per weight for young children aged 1 to 12(0.05-0.07㎎). However, there was a great disparity among the children in that aspect, and they are likely to take more fluoride from other things as well. Therefore it is required to prepare separate criteria for preschool and school-aged children.
A novel synthesis of [O-methyl-14C]dextromethorphan: utility of the vinyloxycarbonyl group (2000)

A novel, selective approach to [O-methyl-14C]Dextromethorphan is presented. The key feature is protection of 3-hydroxymorphinan at nitrogen and oxygen with the vinyloxycarbonyl group. This allows selective O-deprotection and methylation without competing nitrogen quaternization. The N-vinyloxy carbonyl group is converted to the desired methyl group by lithium aluminum hydride reduction. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallothionein IIA is up-regulated by hypoxia in human A431 squamous carcinoma cells. (1994)

The expression of metallothionein IIA (MT-IIA) was investigated in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells exposed to hypoxia (pO < or = 0.01% of atmospheric pO2) and subsequent reoxygenation. Northern analysis showed that MT-IIA mRNA levels were significantly increased during 14 h of hypoxia and during reoxygenation. Western blotting confirmed that total MT protein levels were also increased in response to these stresses. Evidence of the transcriptional control of MT-IIA expression in hypoxic and in reoxygenated A431 cells was found using a 0.2-kilobase sequence of the proximal 5'-regulatory region of the MT-IIA gene in a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene construct. Thus the proximal promoter of the human MT-IIA gene appears to contain a hypoxic response element(s). These observations indicate that MT-IIA may have an important role in the stress responses of cells in solid tumors.
DETERMINATION OF SILICON IN SILICON-ALUMINIUM-FERROALLOY (1999)

In this paper,three methods such as the perchloric acid dehydration-gravimetric method, the potassium hyperchlorate volumetric method, the silicomolybdic blue photometric method of determination of silicon in silicon-Aluminium-Ferroalloy were introduced, and the character of these methods were compared.
European Option Pricing with Transaction Costs (1993)

The authors consider the problem of pricing European options in a market model similar to the Black–Scholes one, except that proportional transaction charges are levied on all sales and purchases of stock. “Perfect replication” is no longer possible, and holding an option involves an essential element of risk. A definition of the option writing price is obtained by comparing the maximum utilities available to the writer by trading in the market with and without the obligation to fulfill the terms of an option contract at the exercise time. This definition reduces to the Black–Scholes value when the transaction costs are removed. Computing the price involves solving two stochastic optimal control problems. This paper shows that the value functions of these problems are the unique viscosity solutions, with different boundary conditions, of a fully nonlinear quasi-variational inequality. This fact implies convergence of discretisation schemes based on the “binomial” approximation of the stock price. Computational results are given. In particular, the authors show that, for a long dated option, the writer must charge a premium over the Black–Scholes price that is just equal to the transaction charge for buying one share.
A expert system based novel framework to detect and solve the problems in home appliances by using wireless sensors (2015)

This study is focused on designing an expert system for home appliances by using wireless sensors which can help the common people to repair the frequent problems of home appliances. In general, people are having very little knowledge about the home appliances. They used to contact to the service providers or vendors for solutions. But many times the problem is very minor and still it consumes both money and time because of lack of knowledge among people about home appliances. In this paper a combination of expert system with wireless sensors is proposed to solve such kind of minor problems in home appliances. In the proposed framework the wireless sensors are installed with different home appliances in different regions of the home. Whenever problem occurs in any part of home appliance, the sensor detects that problem automatically and sends it for solution to the expert system. Various noise removal algorithms for removing noise from the received data can be applied for getting noise free data. The expert system finds the solution based on the type of problem and sends the solutions with various images through SMS or e-mail to user's mobile or mail-id. If expert system detects that problem is unsolvable or cannot be easily solved by that user then it sends a list of contacts of user's nearest service providers or vendors so that user can contact to them. For example in refrigerator, if sensor detects that freezer is failed then the expert system will send the solution to the user that "kindly check the control dial of temperature".
An Improved Synthetic Route to Aminoxypropylamine (APA) and Related Homologs (1989)

Abstract Aminoxypropylamine (APA) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of several enzymatic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of the naturally occurring polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. This report describes a convenient, three-step synthesis of APA, as well as its ethyl and butyl homologs, utilizing starting materials and intermediates useful in the preparation of other related aminoxyalkylamines.
The clinical utility of event recording. (1990)

In summary, event recording is a cost-effective means of obtaining objective evidence about a baby's cardiorespiratory patterns at home. It is particularly useful in joint decisionmaking at the time of discharge if parents (or clinicians) remain anxious about the status of a child. Event recording is also indicated in the followup of families where there are multiple or questionable reports of serious events at home. In such instances it may clarify whether symptoms are worthy of concern, and may play a role in problem resolution. Monitors are now available that continuously record events and compliance (for example, the E-link system produced by Corometrics Medical Systems, Inc., Wallingford, Connecticut). Such monitors will reduce parental anxiety, facilitate more prompt diagnosis and treatment of genuine disease states, and make possible the further exploration of relationships between parental anxiety and symptom reporting. Although there are technical trade-offs with such monitors (for example, shorter battery life) and higher personnel costs associated with the transcription of recordings, the total length of monitoring and the need for rehospitalization or evaluation of symptoms may be decreased, thus making such monitors cost effective.
Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer (1984)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a new approach to treatment of a variety of solid malignant tumors in man. Hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) in its purified form, dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE), is injected systemically into patients causing uptake and retention in most malignant tumors for several days (3-5). Most normal tissues clear the drug within a few days (1-2). Exceptions are skin, liver, kidney, and spleen, which retain the drug largely in cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
Additive to regulate the perovskite crystal film growth in planar heterojunction solar cells (2015)

We reported a planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated from MAPbI3−xClx perovskite precursor solution containing 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) additive. The MAPbI3−xClx perovskite films have been characterized by UV-vis, SEM, XRD, and steady-state photoluminescence (PL). UV-vis absorption spectra measurement shows that the absorbance of the film with CN additive is significantly higher than the pristine film and the absorption peak is red shift by 30 nm, indicating the perovskite film with additive possessing better crystal structures. In-situ XRD study of the perovskite films with additive demonstrated intense diffraction peaks from MAPbI3−xClx perovskite crystal planes of (110), (220), and (330). SEM images of the films with additive indicated the films were more smooth and homogenous with fewer pin-holes and voids and better surface coverage than the pristine films. These results implied that the additive CN is beneficial to regulate the crystallization transformation kinetics of perovskite to form high quality crystal films. The steady-state PL measurement suggested that the films with additive contained less charge traps and defects. The planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells fabricated from perovskite precursor solution containing CN additive demonstrated 30% enhancement in performance compared to the devices with pristine films. The improvement in device efficiency is mainly attributed to the good crystal structures, more homogenous film morphology, and also fewer trap centers and defects in the films with the additive.
Familial resemblance of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme level: the Nancy Study. (1988)

Plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been measured in a sample of 87 healthy families participating in a study of cardiovascular risk factors. The mean +/- SD levels of plasma ACE were 34.1 +/- 10.7, 30.7 +/- 10.4 and 43.1 +/- 17.2 units/liter in fathers (n = 87), mothers (n = 87) and offspring (n = 169), respectively. Plasma ACE was uncorrelated with age, height, weight, or blood pressure in the parents, but a negative correlation with age was observed in offspring (r = -.32). The age-adjusted familial correlations of plasma ACE were .038, .166, .323 and .303 for spouses, father-offspring, mother-offspring, and siblings, respectively. The results of the genetic analysis suggest that a major gene may affect the interindividual variability of plasma ACE, with different codominant effects in parents and offspring. According to this model, the major gene effect accounts for 4.8, 4.0, and 10.8 units/liter of the overall mean and for 29%, 29% and 75% of the variance of age-adjusted ACE in fathers, mothers, and offspring, respectively. The estimate of the probability of the less frequent allele is .26, and the major gene effect is approximately twice as great in high homozygotes than in heterozygotes and in offspring than in parents. The results of this study demonstrate the occurrence of a familial resemblance of plasma ACE activity in healthy families and suggest that this observation can be explained by the segregation of a major gene.
Shear movement at the fracture site delays healing in a diaphyseal fracture model (2003)

This study tested the hypothesis that interfragmentary axial movement of transverse diaphyseal osteotomies would result in improved fracture healing compared to interfragmentary shear movement. Ten skeletally mature merino sheep underwent a middiaphyseal osteotomy of the right tibia, stabilized by external fixation with an interfragmentary gap of 3 mm. A custom made external fixator allowed either pure axial (n=5) or pure shear movement (n=5) of 1.5 mm amplitude during locomotion by the animals. The movement of the osteotomy gap was monitored weekly in two sheep by an extensometer temporarily attached to the fixator. After 8 weeks the sheep were killed, and healing of the osteotomies was evaluated by radiography, biomechanical testing, and undecalcified histology. Shear movement considerably delayed the healing of diaphyseal osteotomies. Bridging of the osteotomy fragments occurred in all osteotomies in the axial group (100%), while in the shear group only three osteotomies (60%) were partially bridged. Peripheral callus formation in the shear group was reduced by 36% compared to the axial group (p<0.05). In the axial group bone formation was considerably larger at the peripheral callus and in between the osteotomy gaps but not in the intramedullary area. The larger peripheral callus and excess in bone tissue at the level of the gap resulted in a more than three times larger mechanical rigidity for the axial than for the shear group (p<0.05). In summary, fixation that allows excessive shear movement significantly delayed the healing of diaphyseal osteotomies compared to healing under axial movement of the same magnitude.
p27KIP1 in human lung cancers: differential changes in small cell and non-small cell carcinomas. (1998)

Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), two major categories of human lung cancers, have been shown to exhibit considerably different clinicopathological, biological, and molecular genetic characteristics. Inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is now thought to play an important part in the pathogenesis of this fatal disease. In the present study, we show that in vitro p27KIP1 expression was associated with cell density-dependent growth inhibition in human lung epithelial cells in vitro, whereas in vivo, p27KIP1 expression in lung cells showed an inverse correlation with proliferative activity in the developing and adult normal lungs. Our immunohistochemical examination of 166 lung tumor specimens also revealed a striking difference in p27KIP1 expression between SCLCs and NSCLCs. Of 149 NSCLCs, 107 (72%) showed reduced p27KIP1 expression, with 8 being virtually negative. Furthermore, p27KIP1 expression status was found to be a significant prognostic factor for patient survival in the analysis of the 149 primary, resected NSCLC cases (P = 0.03 by the log-rank test). In contrast, all SCLC specimens thus far examined exhibited significantly increased staining when compared to the corresponding normal lung epithelium. These findings provide additional evidence for the heterogeneity prevalent in human lung cancers and suggest that p27KIP1 might play distinct biological roles in the pathogenesis of the two major histological categories, warranting additional studies to elucidate the functional consequences of such differences.
Oxygen Embrittlement and Effect of the Addition of Ni Element in a Bulk Amorphous Zr-Cu-Al Alloy (2002)

Oxygen embrittlement in Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys is an important problem, which must be solved before the application of the bulk amorphous alloys to industrial materials. In the Zr–Cu–Al ternary system, the cast bulk amorphous Zr50Cu40Al10 alloy near the ternary eutectic composition shows good ductility, in the case of the restriction of crystalline inclusions. Furthermore, the addition of Ni element brings about much higher ductility because of the proof ability against oxygen embrittlement. As a result, the Zr50Cu30Ni10Al10 bulk amorphous alloy exhibits good ductility and proof ability against oxidization.
Heterogeneous Data Fusion Algorithm for Pedestrian Navigation via Foot-Mounted Inertial Measurement Unit and Complementary Filter (2014)

This paper proposes a foot-mounted zero velocity update (ZVU) aided inertial measurement unit (IMU) filtering algorithm for pedestrian tracking in indoor environment. The algorithm outputs are the foot kinematic parameters that include foot orientation, position, velocity, acceleration, and gait phase. The foot motion filtering algorithm incorporates methods for orientation estimation, gait detection, and position estimation. A novel complementary filter is introduced to better preprocess the sensor data from a foot-mounted IMU containing triaxial angular rate sensors, accelerometers, and magnetometers and to estimate the foot orientation without resorting to global positioning system data. A gait detection is accomplished using a simple states detector that transitions between states based on acceleration and angular rate measurements. Once foot orientation is computed, position estimates are obtained using integrating acceleration and velocity data, which has been corrected at step stance phase for drift using an implemented ZVU algorithm, leading to a position accuracy improvement. We show our findings experimentally by using of a commercial IMU during regular human walking trials in a typical public building. Experiment results show that the positioning approach achieves approximately a position accuracy around 0.4% and improves the performance regarding recent works of literature.
Membrane phenotype and response to deoxycoformycin in mature T cell malignancies. (1987)

The adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin was used in low doses to treat 19 patients with clinically aggressive T cell malignancy with a mature membrane phenotype. The patients comprised eight with prolymphocytic leukaemia, two with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, four with adult T cell leukaemia-lymphoma, three with Sézary syndrome, and two with T cell lymphoma. Two thirds of the patients had been resistant or minimally responsive to combination chemotherapy. Complete remission was obtained in five patients (two with prolymphocytic leukaemia and one each with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, adult T cell leukaemia-lymphoma, and Sézary syndrome) and partial remission in two others. Unmaintained complete remission lasting more than one year was seen in three patients. Responses were obtained only in patients with CD4+,CD8-membrane markers (seven out of 10), and no responses were recorded in any of the nine patients with a different phenotype. In this series remission appeared to correlate with the membrane phenotype of the neoplastic cell and not with the cytopathological diagnosis. Future studies should establish the biochemical basis for the greater sensitivity of CD4+ lymphoid cells to deoxycoformycin.
Identification and characterisation of <i>Arabidopsis</i> glycosyltransferases capable of glucosylating coniferyl aldehyde and sinapyl aldehyde (2005)

This study describes the substrate recognition profile of UGT72E1, an UDP-glucose:glycosyltransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana that is the third member of a branch of glycosyltransferases, capable of conjugating lignin monomers and related metabolites. The data show that UGT72E1, in contrast to the two closely related UGTs 72E2 and 72E3, is specific for sinapyl and coniferyl aldehydes. The biochemical properties of UGT72E1 are characterised, and are compared with that of UGT72E2, which is capable of glycosylating the aldehydes as well as coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols.
Continuous blade coating for multi-layer large-area organic light-emitting diode and solar cell (2011)

A continuous roll-to-roll compatible blade-coating method for multi-layers of general organic semiconductors is developed. Dissolution of the underlying film during coating is prevented by simultaneously applying heating from the bottom and gentle hot wind from the top. The solvent is immediately expelled and reflow inhibited. This method succeeds for polymers and small molecules. Uniformity is within 10% for 5 cm by 5 cm area with a mean value of tens of nanometers for both organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and solar cell structure with little material waste. For phosphorescent OLED 25 cd/A is achieved for green, 15 cd/A for orange, and 8 cd/A for blue. For fluorescent OLED 4.3 cd/A is achieved for blue, 9 cd/A for orange, and 6.9 cd/A for white. For OLED with 2 cm by 3 cm active area, the luminance variation is within 10%. Power conversion efficiency of 4.1% is achieved for polymer solar cell, similar to spin coating using the same materials. Very-low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of efficient organic devices is realized by the continuous blade-only method.
EPR characterisation of (CeO2)1-y(La2CuO4)y oxide mixtures and their catalytic activity for NO reduction by CO (1998)

A series of samples of general formula (CeO2)1-y(La2CuO4)y, with y=0, 0.17, 0.25, 0.35, 0.43, 0.50, has been analysed, mainly by EPR. Catalytic activity was tested for the reduction of NO by CO. The interaction among the oxides resulted in the formation of an La2O–CeO2 solid solution over a wide range of composition. CuO segregation over the surface also took place, thus enhancing catalytic activity.
Influence of dc bias voltage on the refractive index and stress of carbon-diamond films deposited from a CH4/Ar rf plasma (1991)

The dc self bias voltage developed during CH4/Ar radio frequency plasma-enhanced vapor deposition of thin films containing polycrystalline diamond grains within an a:C matrix (carbon-diamond) is found to influence the optical and mechanical properties of the films. In particular it is shown that there is a simultaneous etch deposition process which takes place, and that the dc bias can be used to control this etch rate, and hence the net film growth rate. When a balance between etching and deposition is achieved, the films show increased residual stress and optical density with exposure to Ar+ bombardment in the plasma. In addition to the measured dc bias the local electric field developed around the substrate is also found to significantly influence the energy with which ions impinge upon the growing film.