gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective single cell isolation for genomics using microraft arrays (2016)

Genomic methods are used increasingly to interrogate the individual cells that compose specific tissues. However, current methods for single cell isolation struggle to phenotypically differentiate specific cells in a heterogeneous population and rely primarily on the use of fluorescent markers. Many cellular phenotypes of interest are too complex to be measured by this approach, making it difficult to connect genotype and phenotype at the level of individual cells. Here we demonstrate that microraft arrays, which are arrays containing thousands of individual cell culture sites, can be used to select single cells based on a variety of phenotypes, such as cell surface markers, cell proliferation and drug response. We then show that a common genomic procedure, RNA-seq, can be readily adapted to the single cells isolated from these rafts. We show that data generated using microrafts and our modified RNA-seq protocol compared favorably with the Fluidigm C1. We then used microraft arrays to select pancreatic cancer cells that proliferate in spite of cytotoxic drug treatment. Our single cell RNA-seq data identified several expected and novel gene expression changes associated with early drug resistance.
Evolutionary development of a dual-band, dual-polarization, low-profile printed circuit antenna (2009)

This paper follows the evolutionary development of a low-profile dual-band, dual-polarization printed circuit antenna element. In an early development, a single-feed single-band circular-polarization printed-circuit perturbed slot element fed with a low-loss stripline was used for a low-cost array. In a second development, a shorted annular ring element operating at a low frequency is modified by filling the inner ring with a conducting cylinder in the form of a waveguide that operates at a higher frequency, thus creating a dual-band element. The two concepts are combined in the third development. The outside perimeter of a square annular ring is notched (perturbed) to produce a single-fed circular polarization at a low frequency band. The ring can be fed separately at two orthogonal points to produce two orthogonal circular polarizations. The area inside the shorting cylinder is used to house a notched square slot element fed with two independent orthogonal striplines and produces two orthogonal circular polarizations at a higher frequency band.
Extraction of Astaxanthin from <i>Haematococcus </i><i>p</i><i>luvialis </i>Using Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> and Ethanol as Entrainer (2006)

This study deals with supercritical CO2 extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with ethanol as an entrainer. The effects of pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate, and the existence of the entrainer concentration on the amount of total extract, the amount of astaxanthin extracted, and the astaxanthin content in the extract were studied. Extractions were carried out at the pressures of 20−55 MPa, temperatures of 313−353 K, CO2 flow rates of 2−4 mL/min, and the ethanol entrainer concentrations of 1.67−7.5% (v/v). The amount of the total extract, astaxanthin extracted, and astaxanthin content in the extract increased with increasing temperature and pressure. With higher CO2 flow rate, the amount of the total extract could be increased while the amount of astaxanthin extracted and the astaxanthin content in the extract almost did not change. By using ethanol as an entrainer, a higher amount of astaxanthin extracted (80.6%) could be obtained at moderate pressure and temperature, and with the same conditions, the addition of the ethanol entrainer could more than twice enhance the amount of astaxanthin extracted. Without the ethanol entrainer, the highest astaxanthin extracted and astaxanthin content in the extract were 77.9 and 12.3%, respectively, and were obtained at high pressure and temperature.
Postinduction repression of the beta-interferon gene is mediated through two positive regulatory domains. (1990)

Virus induction of the human beta-interferon (beta-IFN) gene results in an increase in the rate of beta-IFN mRNA synthesis, followed by a rapid postinduction decrease. In this paper, we show that two beta-IFN promoter elements, positive regulatory domains I and II (PRDI and PRDII), which are required for virus induction of the beta-IFN gene are also required for the postinduction turnoff. Although protein synthesis is not necessary for activation, it is necessary for repression of these promoter elements. Examination of nuclear extracts from cells infected with virus reveals the presence of virus-inducible, cycloheximide-sensitive, DNA-binding activities that interact specifically with PRDI or PRDII. We propose that the postinduction repression of beta-IFN gene transcription involves virus-inducible repressors that either bind directly to the positive regulatory elements of the beta-IFN promoter or inactivate the positive regulatory factors bound to PRDI and PRDII.
Identification of Genes Required for Chronic Persistence of<i>Brucella abortus</i>in Mice (2000)

The genetic basis for chronic persistence of Brucella abortus in lymphoid organs of mice, cows, and humans is currently unknown. We identified B. abortus genes involved in chronic infection, by assessing the ability of 178 signature-tagged mutants to establish and maintain persistent infection in mice. Each mutant was screened for its ability to colonize the spleens of mice at 2 and 8 weeks after inoculation. Comparison of the results from both time points identified two groups of mutants attenuated for chronic infection in mice. The first group was not recovered at either 2 or 8 weeks postinfection and was therefore defective in establishing infection. Mutants in this group carried transposon insertions in genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (wbkA), in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, and in type IV secretion (virB1 and virB10). The second group, which was recovered at wild-type levels 2 weeks postinfection but not 8 weeks postinfection was able to establish infection but was unable to maintain chronic infection. One mutant in this group carried a transposon insertion in a gene with homology to gcvB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, encoding glycine dehydrogenase, an enzyme whose activity is increased during the state of nonreplicating persistence. These results suggest that some mechanisms for long-term persistence may be shared among chronic intracellular pathogens. Furthermore, identification of two groups of genes, those required for initiating infection and those required only for long-term persistence, suggests that B. abortus uses distinct sets of virulence determinants to establish and maintain chronic infection in mice.
MixedWalk: Explore Ahead before Stepping in Mobile Augmented Reality Services (2017)

The combination of augmented reality (AR) and location-based services provides mobile users with an intuitive and easy way to access the real-world aware information via their mobile devices, as connecting the physical and cyber world. However, mobile AR interactions limit target objects that are located within a specific distance of the current location of users. In this paper, we propose a new service model, called MixedWalk, for aligning point-of-interest (POI) information with the users' virtual movement in the mobile AR environment. It allows the mobile user to virtually move ahead along the street coupled with the real-time camera scene and identify POIs without actual movements in the real world. We firstly design 'Virtual Movement' layer between the physical-view and information-query layer to provide a natural interaction of the MixedWalk service. Secondly, an efficient processing method is considered for the continuous movement query composed of pie-shape region queries. A pie-shape query is described by a camera location, a viewing direction, and a visible threshold distance. Finally, we demonstrate an implementation of Android applications with the Aenigol dining district in Goyang-si of Gyeonggi-do in Korea.
Solubility of Seven Nonpolar Organic Solvents in Four Polymers Using the Piezoelectric−Quartz Sorption Method (2002)

Solubility of octane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene in cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, poly(n-butyl methacrylate), and poly(vinyl acetate) were measured by the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance method at four temperatures (293.2, 313.2, 333.2, and 353.2) K. In this work, four quartz crystals were installed in an equilibrium cell, which enables multiple solubility measurements. Estimated uncertainties of measured variables were ±0.05 K for temperature, ±0.009 for activity, and ±0.002 for mass fraction. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparison with literature data. The activities obtained were correlated by the UNIQUAC equation with an overall AAD of 4.1%.
Purification of Recombinant Human Interferon α-2b by Two-step Column Chromatographic Process (2004)

The recombinant human interferon a-2b was purified by two-step column chromatographic process. Thepurity of target protein was 98%(increased by 5.6-fold), and its specific activity reached 1.43×108 IU/mg protein. Therecovery of activity was 58%.
Mutations in the helper component protease gene of zucchini yellow mosaic virus affect its ability to mediate aphid transmissibility (1994)

The nucleotide sequence of the helper component protease (HC-Pro) genes of three zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) strains has been compared with that of a helper-deficient strain of ZYMV-HC. The comparisons revealed three unique deduced amino acid differences. Two of these mutations were located in regions which are conserved in other potyviruses. The role of these mutations in aphid transmissibility was examined by exchanging DNA fragments of part of the deficient HC-Pro gene with the respective section within the gene of the infectious full-length clone of the aphid-transmissible ZYMV. The first exchange included two of the three mutations, the first coding for a change from Asp to Gly (in a non-conserved region) and the second coding for a change from Arg to Ile [within the Phe-Arg-Asp-Lys (FRNK) conserved box]. This exchange resulted in a reduced transmission (20.6% for the mutated virus compared with 57.4% in the normal ZYMV when acquired from plants and 37.2% compared with 83.1%, respectively, when acquired from membranes). The second exchange incorporated a single mutation [conferring a change from Thr to Ala within the Pro-Thr-Lys (PTK) conserved box]. This single mutation resulted in almost total loss of HC activity in aphid transmission both from plants and from membranes. The Lys residue in the conserved Lys-Ile-Thr-Cys (KITC) box, which is related to loss of HC activity in potato virus Y, tobacco vein mottling virus and in the Michigan strain of ZYMV, is unchanged in the helper-deficient ZYMV. It is therefore proposed that more than one site in HC-Pro may be functionally related to aphid transmissibility. The possible reasons for the role of these mutations in helper activity in aphid transmission of ZYMV are discussed.
Effects of axial forces on drillstring lateral vibrations (1994)

Lateral vibrations of stabilized bottomhole assemblies (BHA) of drill-strings often exhibit quite complicated patterns. Previous work has taken into account nonlinearities due to fluid damping, wall contact, eccentric collars, and initial curvature of the collar. This thesis addresses the effect of these forces, along with linear and parametric excitation of the lateral motion due to an applied static or dynamic weight on bit (WOB).\nThe model is described by four state-space nonlinear ordinary differential equations in two-dimensional space. A static value of WOB along with a time variant zero-mean axial force are considered. The force is described either as a periodic deterministic function or as a stationary random process. Random and chaotic whirling characteristics of drill-strings are investigated using the minimum phase-volume deconvolution technique.
Differential effects of adulterated versus unadulterated forms of linoleic acid on cardiovascular health (2013)

According to the classic diet-heart hypothesis, high dietary intake of saturated fats and cholesterol combined with low intake of polyunsaturated fats can increase levels of serum cholesterol and lead to the development of atherogenic plaques and ultimately cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial health effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA), on cardiovascular health have been called into question with some scientists suggesting that consumption of LA should be reduced in Western countries. The focus of this critical review is on the controversy surrounding the effects of dietary intake of LA on cardiovascular health. Specifically, we critically examined the effects of both unadulterated and adulterated forms of LA on cardiovascular health outcomes based on findings from epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Additionally, we address common concerns surrounding dietary intake of LA regarding its relationship with arachidonic acid, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, and its relationship with inflammation. Our critical review indicates that unadulterated forms of LA are cardioprotective and should be consumed as part of a healthy diet. In contrast, abundant evidence now indicates that adulterated forms of LA, predominantly hydrogenated vegetable oils, are atherogenic and should not be considered part of a healthy diet. The ability to adulterate the natural omega-6 fatty acid, LA, has contributed to mixed findings regarding the effects of this fatty acid on cardiovascular health. Thus, it is critical that the source of LA be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the physiological effects of this fatty acid. The findings of the present review are in line with current dietary recommendations of the American Heart Association.
Utility of human-computer interactions (2011)

The success of a computer system depends upon a user choosing it, but the field of Human-Computer Interaction has little ability to predict this user choice. We present a new method that measures user choice, and quantifies it as a measure of utility. Our method has two core features. First, it introduces an economic definition of utility, one that we can operationalize through economic experiments. Second, we employ a novel method of crowdsourcing that enables the collection of thousands of economic judgments from real users.
The Exceptionally Large Genome of Hendra Virus: Support for Creation of a New Genus within the Family <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> (2000)

An outbreak of acute respiratory disease in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia, in September 1994 resulted in the deaths of 14 racing horses and a horse trainer. The causative agent was a new member of the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus was originally called Equine morbillivirus but was renamed Hendra virus (HeV) when molecular characterization highlighted differences between it and members of the genus Morbillivirus. Less than 5 years later, the closely related Nipah virus (NiV) emerged in Malaysia, spread rapidly through the pig population, and caused the deaths of over 100 people. We report the characterization of the HeV L gene and protein, the genome termini, and gene boundary sequences, thus completing the HeV genome sequence. In the highly conserved region of the L protein, the HeV sequence GDNE differs from the GDNQ found in almost all other nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses. HeV has an absolutely conserved intergenic trinucleotide sequence, 3'-GAA-5', and highly conserved transcription initiation and termination sequences similar to those of respiroviruses and morbilliviruses. The large genome size (18,234 nucleotides), the unique complementary genome terminal sequences of HeV, and the limited homology with other members of the Paramyxoviridae suggest that HeV, together with NiV, should be classified in a new genus in this family. The large genome of HeV also fills a gap in the spectrum of genome sizes observed with NNS RNA virus genomes. As such, it provides a further piece in the puzzle of NNS RNA virus evolution.
Relationship between photosystem II activity and CO<sub>2</sub> fixation in leaves (1992)

There is now potential to estimate photosystem II (PSII) activity in vivo from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and thus gauge PSII activity per CO 2 fixed. A measure of the quantum yield of photosystem II, Φ II (electron/photon absorbed by PSII), can be obtained in leaves under steady‐state conditions in the light using a modulated fluorescence system. The rate of electron transport from PSII equals Φ II times incident light intensity times the fraction of incident light absorbed by PSII. In C 4 plants, there is a linear relationship between PSII activity and CO 2 fixation, since there are no other major sinks for electrons; thus measurements of quantum yield of PSII may be used to estimate rates of photosynthesis in C 4 species. In C 3 plants, both CO 2 fixation and photorespiration are major sinks for electrons from PSII (a minimum of 4 electrons are required per CO 2 , or per O 2 reacting with RuBP). The rates of PSII activity associated with photosynthesis in C 3 plants, based on estimates of the rates of carboxylation (v o ) and oxygenation (v o ) at various levels of CO 2 and O 2 , largely account for the PSII activity determined from fluorescence measurements. Thus, in C 3 plants, the partitioning of electron flow between photosynthesis and photorespiration can be evaluated from analysis of fluorescence and CO 2 fixation.
An upwind-biased space marching algorithm for supersonic viscous flow (1991)

The modifications are documented which were made to the Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm which allow it to compute solutions in a space marching manner. The space marching flux is formulated to be either first- or second-order accurate, using Roe's upwind differencing or Symmetric Total Variation Diminishing differencing, respectively. The algorithm solves the thin layer Navier-Stokes equations, and is subject to the same flow restrictions as a parabolized Navier-Stokes solver. Each cross flow plane is locally iterated in time until converged, then marched in space to the next station. The algorithm is tested on a sphere-cone geometry and a geometry which models the windward side of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Computational results for surface heating are compared to ground based experimental data. In addition, space marching predictions for surface pressure are compared against values from the original algorithm.
EML - an electromagnetic levitator for the International Space Station (2011)

Based on a long and successful evolution of electromagnetic levitators for microgravity applications, including facilities for parabolic flights, sounding rocket missions and Spacelab missions, the Electromagnetic Levitator EML provides unique experiment opportunities onboard ISS. With the application of the electromagnetic levitation principle under microgravity conditions the undercooled regime of electrically conductive materials becomes accessible for an extended time which allows the performance of unique studies of nucleation phenomena or phase formation as well as the measurement of a range of thermophysical properties both above the melting temperature and in the undercooled regime. The EML payload is presently being developed by Astrium Space Transportation under contracts to ESA and DLR. The design of the payload allows flexible experiment scenarios individually targeted towards specific experimental needs and samples including live video control of the running experiments and automatic or interactive process control.
Evaluating popular non-linear image processing filters for their use in regularized iterative CT (2010)

Iterative CT algorithms are becoming increasingly popular in recent years, and have been found useful when the projections are limited in number, irregularly spaced, or noisy, which are imaging scenarios often encountered in low-dose imaging and compressed sensing. One way to cope with the associated streak and noise artifacts in these settings is either to incorporate or to interleave a regularization objective into the iterative reconstruction framework. In this paper we explore possible techniques for the latter. We investigate a number of non-linear filters popular in the image processing literature for their suitability in iterative CT application, here OS-SIRT.
Influence of antihistamine (astemizole) and anticholinergic drugs (ipratropium bromide) on bronchoconstriction induced by substance P. (1990)

Several studies have demonstrated that neuropeptides are present in bronchial tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the influence of antihistamine in comparison to an anticholinergic drug on bronchospasm induced by inhalation of substance P (SP). Seven moderate asthmatic patients (mean age = 34.4 +/- 8.9), five being female, were studied. The acetate salt of SP was prepared in 0.9% saline to produce a dose range of 23 to 184 x 10(-6) mol. Patients were studied on three separate days with an interval of 3 weeks between challenges. On the first day the dose of SP producing a 20% change in FEV1 was calculated from the individual semilogarithmic dose-response curve. On subsequent days, in a randomized double-blind manner, the patients were treated either with astemizole (20 mg BID for three days) and placebo ipratropium bromide or with placebo of astemizole (twice a day for three days) and with pressurized aerosol of ipratropium bromide (IB) (40 micrograms 20 minutes before the challenge). Two way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Our results demonstrated that inhaled SP is able to produce a dose-response curve of bronchoconstriction with a geometric mean of PD20 of 50.51 x 10(-6) moles (37.38 to 68.19 x 10(-6) mol). Treatment with astemizole induced a geometric mean PD20 of 65.51 x 10(-6) mol (33.02 to 130.21 x 10(-6) mol) and the premedication with the IB induced a significant (P less than .05) shift of dose-response curve to SP (geometric mean PD20 = 109.1 x 10(-6) mol; 58.67 to 204.05 x 10(-6) mol). Our results demonstrated that bronchoconstriction induced by SP could be attributed to a weak cholinergic activation and not to histamine release.
Different Methods of Probiotics Stabilization (2012)

Starter cultures provide a basis in the production of fermented foods. Probiotics are the most important group of bacterial starter cultures. Commercial starter cultures were initially supplied in liquid form prior to the production of concentrated starter cultures. Progress in biotechnology later led to the application of concentrated starter cultures in frozen and freeze dried forms for direct incorporation into the food formulation. Application of frozen or freeze-dried starter cultures eliminates in –plant sub-culturing, reduces the costs associated with bulk culture preparation and lowers the risk of bacteriophage infection (Desmod et al. 2002).
A service composition model for dynamic service creation and update in IMS/Web 2.0 converged environment (2010)

Relying on an IMS/Web 2.0 converged environment, this paper proposes an extensible service composition model which uses the concept of policy for encapsulating the service composition information. Then based on this model, the policy concept is enhanced by being divided into two types (abstract service policy and concrete service policy) for realizing the automatic service composition which mainly relates to the service update and service creation processes. Moreover, an active approach, a passive approach, and a hybrid approach are proposed for balancing the latency and real-time characteristic. With these enhancements, both user's experience and involvement are greatly improved, the service lifecycle is optimized, and the costs for service creation and maintenance are decreased.