gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Completion Time and Resource Provisioning of Pig Programs (2012)

As cloud computing continues to mature, IT managers have started concentrating on the support of additional performance requirements: quality of service and tailored resource allocation for achieving service performance goals. In this paper, we consider the popular Pig framework that provides a high-level SQL-like abstraction on top of MapReduce engine for processing large data sets. Programs written in such frameworks are compiled into directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of MapReduce jobs. Often, data processing applications have to produce results by a certain time deadline. We design a performance modeling framework for Pig programs that solves two inter-related problems: (i) estimating the completion time of a Pig program as a function of allocated resources, (ii) estimating the amount of resources (a number of map and reduce slots) required for completing a Pig program with a given (soft) deadline. To achieve these goals, we first, optimize a Pig program execution by enforcing the optimal schedule of its concurrent jobs. This optimization reduces a program completion time (10%-27% in our experiments), and moreover, it eliminates possible non-determinism in the DAGs execution. Based on our optimization, we propose an accurate performance model for Pig programs. This approach leads to significant resource savings (20%-60% in our experiments) compared with the original, unoptimized solution. We validate our approach in a 66-node Hadoop cluster using two workload sets: TPC-H queries and a set of customized queries mining a collection of HP Labs' web proxy logs.
A 3-bp deletion in the rhodopsin gene in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. (1991)

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) has recently been linked to locus D3S47 (probe C17), with no recombination, in a single large Irish family. Other ADRP pedigrees have shown linkage at zero recombination, linkage with recombination, and no linkage, demonstrating genetic heterogeneity. The gene encoding rhodopsin, the rod photoreceptor pigment, is closely linked to locus D3S47 on chromosome 3q. A point mutation changing a conserved proline to histidine in the 23d codon of the gene has been demonstrated in affected members of one ADRP family and in 17 of 148 unrelated ADRP patients. We have sequenced the rhodopsin gene in a C17-linked ADRP family and have identified in the 4th exon and in-frame 3-bp deletion which deletes one of the two isoleucine monomers at codons 255 and 256. This mutation was not found in 30 other unrelated ADRP families. The deletion has arisen in the sequence TCATCATCAT, deleting one of a run of three x 3-bp repeats. The mechanism by which this occurred may be similar to that which creates length variation in so-called mini- and microsatellites. Thus ADRP is an extremely heterogeneous disorder which can result from a range of defects in rhodopsin and which can have a locus or loci elsewhere in the genome.
The tensile strengths of viscous liquids under dynamic loading (1956)

Under similar conditions of transient loading the cavitation thresholds of syrup and olive oil are 130 × 106 dyne/cm2 and 29 × 106 dyne/cm2 respectively. For fluids with a viscosity (η) in the range 0.01 to 400 P the cavitation threshold pressure Pc is given by the empirical relation Pc = κη0.2. This result can be interpreted on the basis of the growth of cavitation nuclei in viscous liquids subjected to transient stresses.
Optimized Design of a High Input-Voltage-Ripple-Rejection Converter for LED Lighting (2017)

The asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) converter has been deeply analyzed as second stage in ac-dc light emitting diode (LED) drivers. Galvanic isolation, high reliability and high efficiency are their main advantages while a limited duty cycle range (i.e., 0-0.5) and a poor dynamic behavior are their main disadvantages. As second stage of an LED driver, the most demanding requirement for its control loop is cancelling the low-frequency ripple introduced by the first stage. According to its limited maximum attainable bandwidth, this is normally achieved by implementing a feedforward loop. Nonetheless, the static gain of the standard AHB converter presents a nonlinear relation between the output voltage and the duty cycle. As a consequence, the effectiveness of this feedforward loop is limited. In this paper, the use of the zeta AHB converter as second stage of an LED driver is analyzed and an optimized design is proposed. Regarding its advantages, it presents an extended duty cycle range (theoretically, 0-1.0). Besides, it presents a linear relation between the output voltage and the duty cycle. Therefore, although its dynamic behavior is still limited, it can perfectly cancel the low-frequency ripple introduced by the first stage of the LED driver by means of a straightforward feedforward loop. The optimized design proposed in this paper is focused on minimizing the losses in the magnetic components (transformer and inductor) by wisely choosing the value of the two turns ratios of the transformer.
Enhancing privacy management support in instant messaging (2009)

Instant Messaging (IM) is a useful tool for collaborative work. However, the awareness and communication features of IM pose a tension with privacy desires. Inadequate support for managing privacy could lead to suboptimal use of IM and thereby undermine its benefits. We conducted interviews and an Internet survey to understand privacy attitudes and practices in IM usage. Based on the findings from these studies, we designed an IM plugin to improve the support for privacy management in current IM systems. The plugin detects conflicts in privacy preferences, notifies the parties involved, and allows negotiation of a resolution. It also encrypts the communication channels and archives, allows different privacy preferences for different contact groups, and provides visualizations to facilitate the comparison of one’s own IM activities with those of any IM contact group. A usability evaluation of the plugin indicated that it can be expected to succeed in its goal of providing IM users with better privacy management.
CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION: A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY TO BUILD LOW COST SOLAR CELLS (2001)

Following the model of DeVos and Pauwels (1981), we calculated the spectral factor of efficiencies (η 1 ) for n + -p or n + -i-p heterojunctions that can be formed by different thin absorber materials (p-type or intrinsic(i)) with n + -type CdS thin films produced by conversion of chemically deposited CdS thin films by doping with Cl or In as reported before. The materials with η 1 comparable to that of CuInSe 2 (Eg, 1.01 eV: 57%) are AgBiS 2 (Eg, 0.9 eV: 56%), Cu 2 SnS 3 (Eg, 0.91 eV: 57%), PbSnS 3 (Eg, 1.05 eV: 57%), PbSbS 4 (Eg, 1.13 eV: 56%).
Microwave-assisted synthesis of Gd(iii)-loaded nanozeolite SOD as MRI contrast agent with remarkable stability in vivo (2014)

Gd<sup>3+</sup>-loaded nanozeolite sodalite (SOD) is fast prepared through sequential hydrothermal synthesis, detemplation, and Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions exchange under microwave irradiation. This microwave-assisted synthesis procedure provides nanozeolite Gd<sup>3+</sup>-SOD with a uniform particle size of 30 ± 2 nm and well framework structure. The result of its water proton relaxation rate indicates that its positive relaxivity per Gd<sup>3+</sup> ion or per nanozeolite particle is relatively high, due to the efficient immobilization and enrichment of Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions in the micropores as well as the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanozeolite. Furthermore, the relaxivity per Gd<sup>3+</sup> ion displays clear position dependence, i.e., the exchanged Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions near the external surface of nanozeolite pay major contribution to the total relaxivity. Moreover, the irreversible ion exchange process indicates that leaching of Gd<sup>3+</sup> ion from nanozeolite Gd<sup>3+</sup>-SOD can be suppressed. The cell viability test shows low toxicity of nanozeolite Gd<sup>3+</sup>-SOD in vitro. The biodistribution and clearance data demonstrate the fast elimination of nanozeolite Gd<sup>3+</sup>-SOD by the reticuloendothelial system and steady accumulation in the liver and spleen for a long time, which indicates the negligible leaching of Gd<sup>3+</sup> ion in vivo considering the highly stable framework structure of zeolite. In addition, the in vivo MRI demonstrates a brighter contrast enhancement in T<sub>1</sub>-weighted image compared to the pre-contrast image in the liver. This remarkable stable nanozeolite Gd<sup>3+</sup>-SOD with a positive relaxivity not only is a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging but also provides new insight into the utilization of nanozeolite with a unique framework structure.
Hybrid RSS-RTT Localization Scheme for Indoor Wireless Networks (2010)

Nowadays, a variety of information related to the distance between two wireless devices can be easily obtained. This paper presents a hybrid localization scheme that combines received signal strength (RSS) and round-trip time (RTT) information with the aim of improving the previous localization schemes. The hybrid localization scheme is based on an RSS ranging technique that uses RTT ranging estimates as constraints among other heuristic constraints. Once distances have been well estimated, the position of the mobile station (MS) to be located is estimated using a new robust least-squared multilateration (RLSM) technique that combines the RSS and RTT ranging estimates mitigating the negative effect of outliers. The hybrid localization scheme coupled with simulations and measurements demonstrates that it outperforms the conventional RSS-based and RTT-based localization schemes, without using either a tracking technique or a previous calibration stage of the environment.
Molecular subtypes of oropharyngeal cancer show distinct immune microenvironment related with immune checkpoint blockade response (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A linear 70-95 GHz differential IQ modulator for E-band wireless communication (2010)

In this paper, a direct IQ modulator MMIC with a novel differential architecture, for high speed E-band wireless communication is presented. The IQ modulator consists of two balanced resistive mixer cells, on-chip marchand balun and differential branchline coupler for quadrature LO signal generation. When operating as a single side band mixer, it shows conversion loss of 11 dB and side-band suppression higher than 20 dB. LO to RF isolation and OIP3 have been measured to be more than 30 dB and 13 dBm respectively, throughout the E-band. To the authors' best knowledge this is the first presented resistive IQ-modulator suitable for the full E-band.
Vaccination against infectious disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2001)

Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience a prolonged period of dysfunctional immunity associated with an increased risk of bacterial and viral infections. Effective approaches toward vaccinating patients against common pathogens are being explored but are limited by poor levels of responsiveness. Relevant studies examining the nature of reconstitution of cellular and humoral immunity and its impact on vaccination strategies against infectious pathogens are reviewed. Following transplantation, deficiencies in cellular immunity are characterized by the inversion of CD4/CD8 ratios, a decreased proliferative response to mitogens, and the development of anergy to recall antigens as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity testing. The impact on humoral immunity consists of decreased levels of circulating immunoglobulin, impaired immunoglobulin class switching, and a loss of complexity in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement patterns. In this setting, a loss of protective immunity has been demonstrated against viral and bacterial pathogens previously targeted by childhood vaccination. Infections due to encapsulated bacterial organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type B remain prevalent even in the late posttransplantation period. The efficacy of vaccination following HSCT is influenced by the time elapsed since transplantation, the nature of the hematopoietic graft, the use of serial immunization, and the presence of graft-versus-host disease. Strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy include pretransplantation immunization of the stem cell donor and the use of cytokine adjuvants.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001;7(3):171-83.
Microencapsulation II. Interfacial Reactions (1978)

In recent years a number of papers and patents describing the use of interfacial reactions as a means of microencapsulation have been reported in the literature. This paper discusses the technique of microencapsulation by interfacial reactions and the effect of variables which may influence the integrity of the microcapsules. Variations of the basic interfacial polymerization techniques are described with special reference to interfacial polycondensation, the formation of polymer material by induced catalyzation, vapor deposition technique, and in-situ polymerization. Examples of some processes used and/or the types of reacting species are also included.
The role of the motor cortex in the control of accuracy of locomotor movements in the cat. (1993)

1. The impulse activity of single neurones in the motor cortex (MC) was recorded extracellularly using movable varnish-insulated tungsten microelectrodes in four adult freely moving cats. The cats walked inside the experimental box with various loadings in the swing or stance phases of the step cycle. The mean discharge rate (mR) and the depth of frequency modulation (dM) in each neurone were estimated over 10-100 steps. 2. The activity of thirty-one cells (including eighteen pyramidal tract neurones (PTNs)) was recorded during uphill walking on a 10 deg inclined floor. The mR in 68%, and the dM in 77% of neurones changed by less than 20% during uphill locomotion compared to walking on a level surface. 3. The activity of the same neurones was also recorded during downhill walking, also on a 10 deg inclined plane. The mR in 69% and the dM in 78% of neurones changed by less than 20% during downhill locomotion compared with walking on a level surface. 4. The activity of twenty-three (the left hemisphere) cells (sixteen PTNs) during walking with the floor swaying to the right (R) and to the left (L) was compared to activity during locomotion on a stable surface. The mR in 83% and the dM in 83% of cells in R-steps, and in 82 and 77% of cells, respectively, in L-steps changed by less than 20%. 5. The activity of thirty-seven cells was studied during locomotion at various speeds. The mR in 68% and the dM in 38% of cells changed by less than 20% during fast and slow locomotion compared to middle-speed locomotion. The dM in 46% of neurones increased with the transfer from slow to fast walking. 6. The activity of thirty-one MC cells was recorded during locomotion with loads of 85 g attached to the distal part of each elbow. The mR in 52% and the dM in 48% of neurones changed by more than 20%. 7. The activity of twenty-eight cells (six PTNs) was studied in steps when an animal turned. The swing of the limb contralateral to the recorded MC was shorter (condition 1) in turning steps in one direction, and was longer (condition 2) in turning steps in the opposite direction. The mR in 50% and the dM in 50% of cells in condition 1 and in 52% and 59%, respectively, of cells in condition 2 changed by more than 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antifungal Activity of Camptothecin, Trifolin, and Hyperoside Isolated from <i>Camptotheca acuminata</i> (2004)

Leaf spots and root rots are major fungal diseases in Camptotheca acuminata that limit cultivation of the plant for camptothecin (CPT), a promising anticancer and antiviral alkaloid. Bioassays showed that pure CPT and flavonoids (trifolin and hyperoside) isolated from Camptotheca effectively control fungal pathogens in vitro, including Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotia guepinii, Drechslera sp., and Fusarium avenaceum, although antifungal activity of these compounds in the plant is limited. CPT inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 50% (EC50) at 10-30 microg/mL and fully inhibited growth at 75-125 microg/mL. The flavonoids were less effective than CPT at 50 microg/mL, particularly within 20 days after treatment, but more effective at 100 or 150 microg/mL. CPT, trifolin, and hyperoside may serve as leads for the development of fungicides.
Chemical Processes for Re–refining and Decolorizing Dry–Cleaners' Solvent by Continuous Automatic Methods<sup>1</sup> (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Processes for Re–refining and Decolorizing Dry–Cleaners' Solvent by Continuous Automatic Methods1Alan E. Flowers, Ford H. McBerty, and Melvin A. DietrichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1927, 19, 8, 868–873Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50212a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50212a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of Adsorbed Dye Monolayer Fluorescence by a Silver Nanoparticle Overlayer (2006)

Deposition of silver nanoparticles directly onto a Rhodamine Red monolayer covalently bound to glass is found to increase the photoluminescence by as much as 20 times depending on excitation wavelength and nanoparticle density. At the same time, the excited state lifetime is reduced by more than a factor of 2, the fluorescence spectrum is blue-shifted, and greater polarization anisotropy in the emission is observed. We attribute these effects to local enhancement of the optical fields near the molecules by interactions with silver plasmons. We approximately separate the relative contributions of increased absorption and increased emissive rate to the observed enhancement of fluorescence. A study of the spatial inhomogeneity of the effect using scanning confocal microscopy demonstrates that average enhancements at least twice as large are possible.
Security services and enhancements in the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks (2005)

The IEEE 802.15.4 specification defines medium access control (MAC) layer and physical layer for wireless sensor networks. Furthermore, security mechanisms are also defined in the specification. This paper first surveys security services provided in the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks. Then, some security enhancements are proposed to prevent same-nonce attack, denial-of-service attack, reply-protection attack, ACK attack, etc.
The numerical modelling of ceramics subject to impact using adaptive discrete element techniques (2003)

In recent years, developments in the field of lightweight armour have been of primary importance to the defence industry. This necessity has led to many organisations adopting composite armours comprising both the traditional heavy armours and new lighter weight ceramic armours. The numerical modelling of metal based armour systems has been well documented over the years using purely continuum based methods; and also the modelling of brittle systems using discrete element methods, therefore it is the objective of this paper to demonstrate how a coupled finite and discrete element approach, can be used in the further understanding of the quantitative response of ceramic systems when subjected to dynamic loadings using a combination of adaptive continuum techniques and discrete element methods. For the class of problems encountered within the defence industry, numerical modelling has suffered from one principal weakness; for many applications the associated deformed finite element mesh can no longer provide an accurate description of the deformed material, whether this is due to large ductile deformation, or for the case of brittle materials, degradation into multiple bodies. Subsequently, two very different approaches have been developed to combat such deficiencies, namely the use of adaptive remeshing for the ductile type materials and a discrete fracture insertion scheme for the modelling of material degradation. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of this paper is to present examples demonstrating the potential benefits of explicitly coupling adaptive remeshing methods to the technique of discrete fracture insertion in order to provide an adaptive discontinuous solution strategy, which is computationally robust and efficient.
Mating and piercing micromechanical structures for surface bonding applications (2002)

The authors have developed two types of micromechanical structures, using silicon micromachining techniques, which act as mechanical adhesives. Arrays of structures are fabricated on standard silicon wafers, with an areal density of approximately 200000 per cm/sup 2/, resulting in very strong bonds. Individual components are 4-18 mu m wide, and 4-15 mu m high above the substrate. Mating structures, which interlock with themselves, and piercing structures, which interlock with biological tissues, have been fabricated and tested. The mechanical behavior of this micromechanical velcro is in approximate agreement with the calculated strength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV-1 and its envelope glycoprotein down-regulate chemotactic ligand receptors and chemotactic function of peripheral blood monocytes. (1989)

Peripheral blood monocytes from AIDS patients exhibit defective migratory responses to chemotactic stimuli in vitro and to inflammatory sites in vivo. In studies presented here, normal monocytes were infected with the HIV-1/HTLV-IIIBa-L isolate in vitro and evaluated for chemotactic responsiveness. Within 2 days after viral exposure, but before evidence of virus production in the monocytes, chemotactic activity was significantly impaired. Decreased chemotactic activity was associated with modulation of receptors for the chemotactic ligands, C5a and FMLP, on the monocyte cell surface. In addition to HIV-1, monocytes treated with purified HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 demonstrated a comparable modulation of chemotactic ligand receptors and migratory function. In addition, the HIV-1 or HIV-1 gp120-treated monocytes were induced to undergo differentiation as monitored by HLA-DR expression. Immunoprecipitation of the gp120 with a specific antibody reversed its effects on monocyte chemotaxis and HLA-DR expression. Taken together, these data indicate that the initial interaction of HIV-1 with the monocyte is not passive, but that the binding of HIV-1 and/or HIV-1 gp120 to the CD4R on monocytes transduces a signal leading to transient monocyte activation.
Fiber optic communications: fourth edition (1998)

Appropriate for undergraduate Electrical Engineering and Electronics Technology courses covering Fiber Optics, this work provides an introduction to the basics of communicating with optical fiber transmission lines. It teaches system design and the operating principles, characteristics, and applications of the components of fiber optic systems.