gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The A- and B-chains of carboxypeptidase I from germinated barley originate from a single precursor polypeptide. (1988)

Carboxypeptidase I from germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain consists of two peptide chains linked by disulfides; the A- and B-chains contain 266 and 148 amino acid residues, respectively (Sorensen, S. B., Breddam, K., and Svendsen, I. (1986) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 51, 475-485). A cDNA library prepared from mRNA isolated from scutella of 2-day germinated barley has now been screened with a mixed oligonucleotide encoding a peptide fragment of the A-chain. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a 1443-nucleotide pair cDNA clone revealed that both chains of the enzyme are translated from a single mRNA. The coding region of the A-chain is located at the 5'-end of the cDNA and is separated from the B-chain coding region by a 165-nucleotide pair linking region. The B-chain coding region is followed by a stop codon, a 187-nucleotide pair 3'-untranslated sequence, and a short polyadenylic acid tail. The results indicate that the A- and B-chains of barley carboxypeptidase I arise by endoproteolytic excision of a 55-residue linker peptide from a single precursor polypeptide chain. The putative linker peptide is rich in proline, lysine, and arginine residues, has an apparent pI of 11.9, and appears to be excised by cleavage of peptide bonds on the COOH-terminal side of serine residues.
Tax Aggressiveness and Accounting Fraud (2012)

ABSTRACT There are competing arguments and mixed prior evidence on whether firms that are aggressive in their financial reporting exhibit more or less tax aggressiveness. Our research contributes to resolving this issue by examining the association between aggressive tax reporting and the incidence of alleged accounting fraud. Relying on several proxies for tax aggressiveness to triangulate our evidence, we generally find that tax aggressive U.S. public firms are less likely to commit accounting fraud. However, we caution that our results are sensitive to how tax aggressiveness is measured. More specifically, four (two) of the five (three) proxies for firms’ effective tax rates (book‐tax differences) load positively (negatively) during the 1981–2001 period, implying that fraud firms are less tax aggressiveness. Our inferences persist when we isolate the 1995–2001 period in which accounting impropriety steeply rose and corporate tax compliance steeply fell. Moreover, we continue to find that tax aggressive firms are less apt to fraudulently manipulate their financial statements when we apply factor analysis to identify tax avoidance with a common factor extracted from the underlying proxies and match on propensity scores to ensure that the fraud and nonfraud samples have very similar nontax characteristics.
Mechanisms of Francisella tularensis Intracellular Pathogenesis (2013)

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the debilitating febrile illness tularemia. Although natural infections by F. tularensis are sporadic and generally localized, the low infectious dose, with the ability to be transmitted to humans via multiple routes and the potential to cause life-threatening infections, has led to concerns that this bacterium could be used as an agent of bioterror and released intentionally into the environment. Recent studies of F. tularensis and other closely related Francisella species have greatly increased our understanding of mechanisms used by this organism to infect and cause disease within the host. Here, we review the intracellular life cycle of Francisella and highlight key genetic determinants and/or pathways that contribute to the survival and proliferation of this bacterium within host cells.
Push-push subharmonically injection-locked oscillator (1996)

A push-push injection-locked dielectric resonator oscillator has been designed for subharmonically injection-locked local oscillators in phased-array antennas at the K-band and above. This circuit topology has the following advantages: (i) a large subharmonic injection locking range using a dielectric resonator with a high quality factor; (ii) a larger frequency multiplication factor, while a microwave device, such as a MESFET, is operating in a low oscillation frequency and having an effective noise temperature (Teff) resulting in a reduction in frequency drift over the operating temperature and the intrinsic FM noise of the free-running oscillator; (iii) a higher yield rate in MMIC applications.
Survey And Evaluation Of Audio Fingerprinting Schemes For Mobile Query-By-Example Applications. (2011)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
The spoIIJ gene, which regulates early developmental steps in Bacillus subtilis, belongs to a class of environmentally responsive genes (1990)

The Bacillus subtilis spoIIJ locus is defined by a Tn917 insertion which leads to an oligosporogenous phenotype. Here we show that this mutation severely decreases transcription of spoIIA, spoIIE, and spoIIG, three operons involved in asymmetric septation, the earliest morphological event of sporulation. A 14.3-kilobase region overlapping the site of the spoIIJ::Tn917 insertion was cloned and the exact location of the spoIIJ gene was defined with various integrative plasmids carrying subfragments of that region. DNA sequencing established that spoIIJ is a monocistronic locus encoding a 606-amino-acid polypeptide which contains a canonical "transmitter" domain, indicating that spoIIJ is a new member of the "sensor" class of signal-transducing systems in bacteria. Thus, spoIIj, which is transcribed during vegetative growth, presumably under the control of sigma H, encodes a protein that could interact with major regulators of early sporulation stages, such as SpoOA and/or SpoOF.
Verification of the cell broadband engine™ processor (2006)

Successfully developing an implementation of entirely new chip architecture such as the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) processor from scratch is a notable achievement.Consider further the design complexity (234 million transistors) and the project management complexity (5 participating companies, work in 5 different time zones), and the task seems quite challenging.This paper describes how the central verification team staffed by Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (SCEI), Toshiba Corporation, and IBM, produced on first silicon a Cell BE microprocessor functional enough to boot an operating system and run applications.
Plants and Vegetation (2007)

Plants make up 99.9 percent of the world's living matter, provide food and shelter, and control the Earth's climate. The study of plant ecology is therefore essential to understanding the biological functions and processes of the biosphere. This vibrant introductory textbook integrates important classical themes with recent ideas, models and data. The book begins with the origin of plants and their role in creating the biosphere as the context for discussing plant functional types and evolutionary patterns. The coverage continues logically through the exploration of causation with chapters, amongst others, on resources, stress, competition, predation, and mutualism. The book concludes with a chapter on conservation, addressing the concern that as many as one-third of all plant species are at risk of extinction. Each chapter is enriched with striking and unusual examples of plants (e.g., stone plants, carnivorous plants) and plant habitats (e.g., isolated tropical tepui, arctic cliffs). Paul Keddy writes in a lively and thought-provoking style which will appeal to students at all levels.
[Antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in infantile guinea pigs]. (1998)

To investigate the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in infantile guinea pigs, animals (10 days old) were immunized twice and challenged by inhalation of 1% ovalbumin for 10 min with 7 days intervals. Similar to adult guinea pigs, infantile ones developed an increased airway responsiveness to acetylcholine 24 hr after antigen challenge. There was a marked increase in the number of total leukocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Suplatast tosilate (suplatast) and pemirolast potassium (pemirolast) given orally throughout the experiments suppressed the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in infantile animals. They showed similar potency in the suppression of eosinophil accumulation in BALF and lung tissue, while suplatast inhibited lymphocyte accumulation stronger than pemirolast. Collectively, the present model of airway hyperresponsiveness in infantile guinea pigs may be useful in predicting the efficacy of antiallergic agents in the treatment of asthmatic children.
Measurement of serum IgE antibodies against Japanese cedar pollen (<i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>) in Japanese monkeys (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) with pollinosis (1992)

IgE antibodies against allergens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollen in the serum of seven Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) with pollinosis were measured by fluorometric indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All of the monkeys were found to have specific IgE to the crude pollen antigen. The specific IgE levels were well correlated with those determined by the Pharmacia CAP system. IgE antibodies were then assayed with two kinds of purified allergens (Cry j I and Cry j II) by the ELISA. We found that five monkeys had specific IgE to both allergens, although the other two had IgE only to Cry j I or Cry j II; there is different immune responsiveness to the two major allergens in the monkeys.
Sesquiterpenes from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and Their Potential to Inhibit LPS-induced Nitric Oxide Production (2013)

Natural Medicine Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, KoreaReceived April 22, 2013, Accepted April 30, 2013Key Words : Cyperus rotundus, Cyperaceae, Sesquiterpene, Nitric oxide, InflammationThe rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) havebeen used in traditional Chinese medicine as an estrogenicand anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of women'sdiseases and also used for treatment of stomach ache, boweldisorders, and menstrual disorders.
Kinematic Design of Redundant Robotic Manipulators for Spatial Positioning that are Optimally Fault Tolerant (2013)

This work presents a method for identifying all the kinematic designs of spatial positioning manipulators that are optimally fault tolerant in a local sense. We use a common definition of fault tolerance, i.e., the post-failure Jacobian possesses the largest possible minimum singular value over all possible single locked-joint failures. The large family of physical manipulators that can achieve this optimally failure tolerant configuration is then parameterized and categorized. We develop a general computational technique to evaluate the resulting manipulators in terms of their global kinematic properties, with an emphasis on failure tolerance. Several manipulators with a range of desirable kinematic properties are presented and analyzed, with a specific example of optimizing over a given class of manipulators that possess a specified kinematic constraint.
Cooperative handoff in wireless networks (2008)

In 802.11-based wireless networks the stations (STAs) are associated with the available access points (APs) and communicate through them. In traditional handoff schemes the STAs get information about the active APs in their neighborhood by scanning the available channels and listen to transmitted beacons. This paper proposes a 802.11k compliant framework for cooperative handoff where the STAs are informed about the active APs by exchanging information with neighboring STAs. In this way we minimize the delay of the scanning procedure. We evaluate the performance of our mechanisms through simulations and we show that when our cooperative framework is applied the network performance is significantly improved. Consequently, our system is more capable in meeting the needs of QoS-sensitive applications.
Direct Synthesis of Chiral Allenoates from the Asymmetric CH Insertion of α‐Diazoesters into Terminal Alkynes (2015)

The asymmetric C-H insertion of α-diazoesters into 1-alkynes was achieved using chiral cationic guanidinium salts and copper(I) complexes. Optically active 2,4-disubstituted allenoates were generated under mild reaction conditions from various α-diazoesters and 1-alkynes in high yield (up to 99%) and enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 e.r.). Control experiments excluded the possibility of an asymmetric isomerization of alkynoates.
Effect of recycling thermophilic sludge on the activated-sludge process. Report for October 1984-June 1989 (1990)

A full-scale investigation was undertaken at Chicago's Hanover Park Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) to study whether the net sludge production from the WRP could be reduced by implementing a scheme developed by W. Torpey et al. (1984). In this process, sludge is withdrawn from a thermophilic digester operated in series with a mesophilic digester and partially recycled into the aeration tanks of the activated sludge system. The Hanover Park WRP, which has a design flow capacity of 45,420 million cu m per day (12 mgd), was split into a control section and an experimental section. The two sections were operated similarly except the thermophilic drawoff was recycled into the aeration tanks of the experimental section from a digester system consisting of mesophilic and thermophilic digesters operated in series. A reduction in net sludge production of about 10 percent was achieved at 40 percent recycle of thermophilic sludge into the aeration tanks at the Hanover Park WRP. This was a much smaller reduction than obtained by Torpey et al. Sludge dewatering properties were not improved. The recycling produced no adverse effects on quality of the treated wastewater.
A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacologic Management of Uterine Leiomyoma (2018)

Uterine leiomyomata are the most common benign tumors of the gynecologic tract impacting up to 80% of women by 50 years of age. It is well established that these tumors are the leading cause for hysterectomy with an estimated total financial burden greater than $30 billion per year in the United States. However, for the woman who desires future fertility or is a poor surgical candidate, definitive management with hysterectomy is not an optimal management plan. Typical gynecologic symptoms of leiomyoma include infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)/heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and/or intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) with resulting iron-deficiency anemia, pelvic pressure and pain, urinary incontinence, and dysmenorrhea. The morbidity caused by these tumors is directly attributable to increases in tumor burden. Interestingly, leiomyoma cells within a tumor do not rapidly proliferate, but rather the increase in tumor size is secondary to production of an excessive, stable, and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) made of disorganized collagens and proteoglycans. As a result, medical management should induce leiomyoma cells toward dissolution of the extracellular matrix, as well as halting or inhibiting cellular proliferation. Herein, we review the current literature regarding the medical management of uterine leiomyoma.
A General and Convenient Preparation of [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes and [Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes by Oxidation of Organic Iodides Using Oxone and Trifluoroacetic Acid (2010)

[Bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes C(n)F(2n+1)I(OCOCF(3))(2) (n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) can be conveniently prepared by the oxidation of the corresponding perfluoroalkyl iodides with Oxone in trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature and subsequently converted to the stable [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]perfluoroalkanes, C(n)F(2n+1)I(OH)OTs, by treatment with p-toluenesulfonic acid. This general and convenient procedure has been further extended to the synthesis of various [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]arenes, ArI(OCOCF(3))(2).
ROTATIONAL BRAIN INJURY TOLERANCE CRITERIA AS A FUNCTION OF VEHICLE CRASH PARAMETERS (1994)

Diffuse brain injury is a form of severe brain injury which occurs primarily in vehicular accidents, and is reponsible for 35% of the deaths in severely head injured patients. A coordinated series of animal experiments, physical and analytical simulations, and isolated tissue tests have been used to formulate a tolerance criterion for concussion and more severe forms of diffuse axonal injury in man, but the relationship between the tolerance criteria and measurable vehicle crash parameters has not been studied.In this report the kinematics of the occupant in an idealized side impact are studied. Results suggest the importance of head contact to generate the inertial loading conditions to cause diffuse brain injuries in minor to moderate collisions. The conclusions regarding the importance of head contact in producing brain injuries is supported by recent epidemiological studies. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 881069.
Canadian Association of Neuroscience Review: Axonal Regeneration in the Peripheral and Central Nervous Systems – Current Issues and Advances (2004)

Injured nerves regenerate their axons in the peripheral (PNS) but not the central nervous system (CNS). The contrasting capacities have been attributed to the growth permissive Schwann cells in the PNS and the growth inhibitory environment of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS. In the current review, we first contrast the robust regenerative response of injured PNS neurons with the weak response of the CNS neurons, and the capacity of Schwann cells and not the oligodendrocytes to support axonal regeneration. We then consider the factors that limit axonal regeneration in both the PNS and CNS. Limiting factors in the PNS include slow regeneration of axons across the injury site, progressive decline in the regenerative capacity of axotomized neurons (chronic axotomy) and progressive failure of denervated Schwann cells to support axonal regeneration (chronic denervation). In the CNS on the other hand, it is the poor regenerative response of neurons, the inhibitory proteins that are expressed by oligodendrocytes and act via a common receptor on CNS neurons, and the formation of the glial scar that prevent axonal regeneration in the CNS. Strategies to overcome these limitations in the PNS are considered in detail and contrasted with strategies in the CNS.
The Specific Nonenzymatic Cleavage of Bovine Ribonuclease with Hydroxylamine (1970)

Abstract Treatment of reduced carboxymethylated bovine pancreatic ribonuclease with 2 m hydroxylamine, pH 9.0, resulted in specific cleavage at the Asn-Gly bond (Residues 67 to 68). Cleavage also occurred to a minor extent at the Asn-Leu bond (Residues 34 to 35). It is proposed that cyclization of asparaginyl side chains, particularly in sequences in which asparagine is followed by glycine, leads to the formation of intrachain cyclic imides which are susceptible to nucleophilic attack by hydroxylamine. In certain instances such relatively specific nonenzymatic cleavage may be utilized as a method for the limited reproducible degradation of proteins. These studies, in conjunction with similar studies of collagen, show conclusively that the existence of hydroxylamine-sensitive bonds does not indicate the presence of ester or other non-peptide bonds in proteins.
Power system deregulation (2002)

Given the difficulties encountered by the state of California in deregulating their electric power industry, many people are questioning the wisdom of such a move. To better understand the motivation behind deregulation, the author looks at the cost of energy nationwide in the United States. For example, she considers some of the regional energy costs from August 2001.
Beneficial effects of thymoquinone and omega-3 on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction in rats (2014)

Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (II/R) is a complex phenomenon causing local and remote tissue destruction and multiple-organ dysfunction. The technique has been used by many authors to produce certain organ dysfunctions. This study is to investigate the possible beneficial effects of thymoquinone and omega-3 separately in II/R-induced renal dysfunction in rats. Sixty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups namely sham control, II/R control, thymoquinone and omega-3 each group pre-treated separately. II/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Serum level of creatinine was measured. Renal tissue contents of malodialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Apoptosis in renal tissue cells was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3. Renal histopathological examination was carried out. II/R elevated serum creatinine level. In-addition, renal tissue content of GSH and SOD activity were decreased. However renal tissue content of MDA and MPO activity were increased. Immunohistochemical analysis showed remarkable activation of caspase-3 in renal tissue. Histopathological examination revealed definite alterations after II/R. Pre-treatment with thymoquinone and omega-3 resulted in increased renal tissue content of GSH and SOD activity. The results revealed significant decrease in renal tissue content of MDA as well as MPO activity. Test drugs decreased the activity of caspase-3 through immunohistochemical examination. Thymoquinone and omega-3 corrected the reported histopathological changes induced by II/R. Depending on the obtained results in the present study it could be concluded that thymoquinone and omega-3 have beneficial effects on II/R-induced renal dysfunction in rats. The protective potential could be attributed to the antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of test drugs.
A Reevaluation of the Roles of the O2-Dependent and O2-Independent Microbicidal Systems of Phagocytes (1983)

In recent years the bactericidal and cytotoxic actions of phagocytes and particularly neutrophils have been attributed mainly to O2-dependent systems that depend on the accumulation of chemically reactive derivatives toxic to the bacteria. This view has been reexamined in the light of new observations on the properties and potency of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that have been purified from neutrophils. These proteins include several enzymes as well as a granule-associated protein that acts specifically against certain gram-negative bacteria. Exposure of susceptible bacteria to this latter protein produces three effects: loss of ability to multiply, a discrete increase in permeability of the outer membrane of the envelope, and activation in the bacterial envelope of degradative enzymes that act on phospholipids and peptidoglycan. It is concluded that effective antimicrobial activity rests on the coexistence of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that are highly specific for certain microbial species and O2-requiring systems that nonspecifically attack all cells.