gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hospitalizations and Mortality in the Lung Health Study (2002)

This report deals with deaths and hospitalizations during the 5-year Lung Health Study, as documented by examination of appropriate records. There were 149 deaths (2.5%) during the study, caused largely by lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease. A total of 12.8% of participants were hospitalized, with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and nonmalignant respiratory disease accounting for 75% of hospitalizations. There were no significant differences among the original treatment groups for all-cause mortality, lung cancer, or hospitalizations for respiratory disease. Deaths and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease were more common in the smoking intervention plus Atrovent inhaler (SI-A) group, which received ipratropium bromide, than in the smoking intervention plus placebo inhaler (SI-P) group, which received placebo, and the differences approached statistical significance. However, we were unable to find a dose effect, in that differences were not related to self-reported inhaler compliance. In the SI-A group, nine participants were hospitalized for supraventricular tachycardia as compared with two in the SI-P group, and SI-A participants with this condition were unusually compliant with their inhaled medication. When all participants were considered and smoking status considered as a time-dependent covariate, smoking cessation was associated with significant reductions in fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease.
Spatial and temporal expression of transforming growth factor‐β isoforms during ovine excisional and incisional wound repair (1995)

To elucidate the role for transforming growth factor-beta isoforms (beta(1), -beta(2), and -beta(3)) in wound repair, we used isoform-specific antibodies to detect the spatial and temporal expression of the latent and mature/active transforming growth factor-beta isoforms by immunohistochemical localization through 21 days after excisional and incisional wounding of ovine skin. Although incisional and excisional wounds showed similar patterns of transforming growth factor-beta immunoreactivity, we found a differential temporal and spatial expression of the latent and mature transforming growth factor-beta isoforms throughout wound repair. Specifically, 1 day after wounding, there was a marked increase in transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in the epithelium adjacent to the wound, epidermal appendages, and the cells and matrix of the granulation tissue. At this time, transforming growth factor-beta(3) isoform was the most abundant. Most notably, the epidermis adjacent to the wound was intensely immunoreactive for all transforming growth factor-beta isoforms 1 day after injury. However, the migrating epithelium, derived from both the hair follicles and the wound margins, was completely devoid of immunoreactive transforming growth factor-beta until reepithelialization was complete. Within the inflammatory exudate, there was a distinct band of leukocytes that was immunoreactive for transforming growth factor-beta(2) and -beta(3) 1 day after injury and 1 day later for transforming growth factor-beta(1). Although transforming growth factor-beta(1) and -beta(2), latent transforming growth factor-beta(2), transforming growth factor-beta(3), and latent transforming growth factor-beta(3) immunostaining was present in the numerous fibroblasts and other dermal cells, latent transforming growth factor-beta(1) was only associated with the extracellular matrix. In general, immunoreactivity remained high until day 7 after wounding and slowly subsided over time. However, by day 21, immunostaining had not returned to normal and the original wound was replete with immunoreactive fibroblasts and a dense, immunostained extracellular matrix. Thus, although the dynamic presence of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms exemplifies its positive role in the wound repair process, its persistence together with its known potent effects on matrix accumulation, supports its role in scar formation.
Interior Design of the Twentieth Century (1991)

Interior Design of the Twentieth Century Get access ANNE MASSEY . Thames and Hudson , 1990 . 216 pp., 180 illus., 29 col. pls. £5.95 paper. ISBN 0 500 202 47 8 . JUNE FREEMAN JUNE FREEMAN Nayland,Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Design History, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 131–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/jdh/4.2.131 Published: 01 June 1991
Automatic Generation of Bas-reliefs from 3D Shapes (2007)

In this paper, we introduce and study a new problem of converting a given 3D shape (or a 2.5D range data) into a bas-relief. The problem can be considered as a geometry counterpart of the HDR image compression problem widely studied in computer graphics. In our approach to the shape bas-reliefing problem, we combine the concepts of mesh saliency, shape exaggerating, and discrete differential coordinates. The final bas-relief has a small width, preserves salient features of the original 3D shape, and, therefore, can be used for shape decorating purposes.
Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update (2006)

This paper provides a first update to the review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of Reversible Addition–Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) published in June 2005. The time since that publication has witnessed an increased rate of publication on the topic with the appearance of well over 200 papers covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging over reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics, and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and diverse applications.
Pharmacological Evaluation Of Synthetic Imidazolinones And Their Schiff Bases (2005)

Some imidazolines were synthesized from oxazolinones and upon treatment with benzaldehyde the Schiff's bases were synthesized from the respective imidazolinones. All these compounds were evaluated for analgesic, hypnotic and CNS depressant property and the LD50 of 4 campounds as representative of each series were determined. Some of the synthesized compounds were found to exhibit significant pharrnacodynamic properties.
Validation of end-use load data from direct metering projects (1988)

A major end-use metering project, designated the Energy Information Project (EIP), was begun in 1984 to collect detailed end-use load data on the Sierra Pacific Power Company's major customer classes (e.g. residential, office, retail, and grocery). Data is being used to support load forecasting, planning for customer programs and other company activities. The procedure currently being used at Sierra to validate data is outlined. It consists of two major parts: initial validation and continual validation. Problems found as a result of data validation are discussed. Some recommendations are made for carrying out projects of this type.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new lupus anticoagulant neutralization test based on platelet‐derived vesicles (1992)

We here present an easily standardizable and reproducible procedure which clearly separates lupus anticoagulants (LA) from coagulation factor inhibitors. This new LA neutralization test makes use of platelet-derived microvesicles which were prepared as follows: gel-filtered platelets (4 x 10(5)/microliters) were incubated with 60 microM of the calcium ionophore A23187 for 20 min at 37 degrees C. The vesicles were separated from the platelet aggregates by centrifugation at 1000 g for 10 min. The vesicle containing supernatant was then spun down at 15,000 g for 15 min, lyophilized and stored at -20 degrees C until used. The vesicles were resuspended in plasma from normal individuals, from patients with LA activity, from patients with factor VIII inhibitors, from patients with congenital factor deficiencies and from patients receiving oral anticoagulants or intravenous heparin. A kaolin clotting time was performed in the absence (KCT) or presence of these vesicles (KCTves) and the ratios of these times to their respective mean normal times were calculated. Segregation of LA patients from all remaining patients except heparinized ones could be made with a high degree of accuracy. A thrombin time was needed to separate LA from heparinized patients. The method was highly reproducible and only minor (negligible) differences in potencies were observed between different vesicle preparations. Both the intra-batch and the inter-batch coefficients of variations on the KCTves were lower than 6%.
Dental prepayment: the past, present, and the future. (2001)

Insurance now pays for slightly less than 50% of America's dental bill. The explosive growth in dental insurance in the 1970s and 1980s is traced to the tax effect (coverage paid for with pre-tax dollars offsets fees up to a point) and the insurance effect (costs for care can be projected, although improvements in oral health status are leading to lower projected costs). An equilibrium point appears to have been reached. Dentists must weigh the trade-offs between discounted fees and increased number of patients, and carriers must weight the trade-offs between smaller discounts and wider participation by dentists. There are no market forces forecast that will substantially change this equilibrium in the near future.
High acylation rates and enantioselectivity with cyclodextrin complexes of rigid substrates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh acylation rates and enantioselectivity with cyclodextrin complexes of rigid substratesGeorge L. Trainor and Ronald BreslowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1, 154–158Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00391a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00391a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymeric Modification and Its Implication in Drug Delivery: Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) as a Model Polymer (2012)

Biodegradable polymers provided the opportunity to explore beyond conventional drug delivery and turned out to be the focus of current drug delivery. In spite of availability of diverse class of polymers, several of these polymers lack important physicochemical and biological properties, limiting their widespread application in pharmaceutical drug delivery. However, most polymers in the form of blends, copolymers and functionally modified polymers have exhibited their applicability to overcome specific limitations and to produce novel and/or functionalized formulations for drug delivery as well as tissue engineering. This review aims to provide the need of polymeric modification, approaches adopted to modify and their scope. Special emphasis has been given to synthetic polyester PCL, as it is widely demonstrated in its modified form to overcome its problem of hydrophobicity and much slower degradation over the past decade. Past studies show a significantly higher utility of modified form of PCL in comparison to its native form. From the statistical analysis of these modifications and the formulations prepared, we present a basic understanding of the impact of selective modifications on the formulation design. In conclusion, we remark that a thorough understanding of the polymer and its modification has a huge potential to be the future trend for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
Methods for Automated and Continuous Commissioning of Building Systems (2003)

Avoidance of poorly installed HVAC systems is best accomplished at the close of construction by having a building and its systems put ''through their paces'' with a well conducted commissioning process. This research project focused on developing key components to enable the development of tools that will automatically detect and correct equipment operating problems, thus providing continuous and automatic commissioning of the HVAC systems throughout the life of a facility. A study of pervasive operating problems reveled the following would most benefit from an automated and continuous commissioning process: (1) faulty economizer operation; (2) malfunctioning sensors; (3) malfunctioning valves and dampers, and (4) access to project design data. Methodologies for detecting system operation faults in these areas were developed and validated in ''bare-bones'' forms within standard software such as spreadsheets, databases, statistical or mathematical packages. Demonstrations included flow diagrams and simplified mock-up applications. Techniques to manage data were demonstrated by illustrating how test forms could be populated with original design information and the recommended sequence of operation for equipment systems. Proposed tools would use measured data, design data, and equipment operating parameters to diagnosis system problems. Steps for future research are suggested to help more toward practical application of automated commissioning and its high potential to improve equipment availability, increase occupant comfort, and extend the life of system equipment.
beta-Blockers and the eye: an overview. (1978)

Some beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs are exciting new ocular hypotensive compounds. Unlike pilocarpine, the mainstay of glaucoma treatment for the last 100 years, beta-blocking agents do not contract the pupil nor interfere with vision even in patients with central lens opacities. They also do not cause spasm of the ciliary muscle producing transient myopia and disturbance of accommodation. Paradoxically, one of these agents, timolol, causes a fall in intraocular pressure when administered locally even in patients responding to beta-agonists with a reduction in intraocular pressure. Concomitant administration of timolol with epinephrine seems to enhance its ocular hypotensive effect in many patients. The exact mode of action of beta-blockers in reducing intraocular pressure is unknown but appears to primarily reduce aqueous production. This new class of drugs seems destined to play an important role in the treatment as well as in the understanding of glaucoma.
Dearomatization and Functionalization of Terpyridine Ligands Leading to Unprecedented Zwitterionic Meisenheimer Aluminum Complexes and Their Use in Catalytic Hydroboration (2018)

This paper reports the first example of dearomatization of ubiquitous terpyridine (tpy) ligands via 2′/6′-, 3′/5′-, or 4′-selective alkylation of the central pyridine ring. The reaction is mediated by the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust, aluminum (Al), and depending on the conditions employed, exhibits ionic or radical character as suggested by experimental and computational analysis. In the latter case, intermediate formation of an AlIII complex supported by π-radical monoanionic ligand (tpy•)1– is apparent. The 3′/5′-alkylation leads to unprecedented zwitterionic Meisenheimer AlIII complexes, which were identified as efficient precatalysts for the selective hydroboration of C═O and C≡C functionalities. Turnover numbers (TONs) up to ∼1000 place the corresponding complexes in the category of the most efficient Al catalysts reported to date for the title reaction. The acquired data suggest that aluminum monohydrides, or more likely dihydrides, could be relevant catalytic species. Alternatively, one can also imagine a mechanistic scenario in which the dearomatized “chemically noninnocent” ligand acts as hydride donor, and a detailed investigation of this is warranted in the future.
Chromatophore Organs, Reflector Cells, Iridocytes and Leucophores in Cephalopods (1983)

The chromatophore organs of Lohgo are each composed of five types of cells: a central pigment cell: radially arranged, obliquely striated muscle fibers: neuronal processes; glial cells: and an investment of sheath cells. Sheath cells are absent in Octopus chromatophore organs. The cycle of expansion and retraction of a chromatophore organ may occur within the order of a second. It is clear that the muscle fibers expand the pigment cell and spread out the pigment granules. The pigment is contained within an unusual, filamentous, cytoplasmic compartment called the cytoelastic sacculus. This compartment has elastic properties. Reflector cells and iridocytes produce structural colors even though their components are colorless. Reflector cells in Octopus bear peripheral sets of leaf-like reflecting lamellae called reflectosomes: these contain proteinaceous platelets with a high refractive index (1.42). In each reflectosome the reflecting lamellae are separated by gaps that are about equal to the thickness of the lamellae, but have a lower refractive index (1.33). Reflectosomes are believed to reflect light and to function as thin-film interference devices. Iridocytes in squid and cuttlefish contain iridosomes that are also composed of sets of ribbon-like platelets but these are located centrally within the cell body. The platelets are usually oriented on edge with respect to the surface of the skin. The possibility that dermal iridocytes may act as diffraction gratings is discussed. Leucophores have thousands of processes that contain globules of protein with a high refractive index. These cells scatter light of all wave lengths and appear white in white light.
Simulation in the Cloud Using Handheld Devices (2012)

In recent years, numerous applications have been deployed into mobile devices. However, until now, there have been no attempts to run simulations on handheld devices. We want investigate different architectures for running and man-aging simulations on handheld devices, and putting the simulation services in the Cloud. We propose a hybrid simulation and visualization approach, where a dedicated mobile application is running on the client side and the RISE simulation server is hosted in the Cloud. In particular, with our prototype, we explore the remote management of a simulation tool using a dedicated native application running on an Android Smartphone, and showing the evolution of a simulation model for a forest fire spread, mashing-up the generated graphics with online GIS services.
Influence of Structural Variation in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids on the Selectivity and Efficiency of Competitive Alkali Metal Salt Extraction by a Crown Ether (2001)

An improved method for the preparation of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates provides a series of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in which the 1-alkyl group is varied systematically from butyl to nonyl. For competitive solvent extraction of aqueous solutions of alkali metal chlorides with solutions of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) in these RTILs, the extraction efficiency generally diminished as the length of the 1-alkyl group was increased. Under the same conditions, extraction of alkali metal chlorides into solutions of DC18C6 in chloroform, nitrobenzene, and 1-octanol was undetectable. The extraction selectivity order for DC18C6 in the RTILs was K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ > Na+ > Li+. As the alkyl group in the RTIL was elongated, the K+/ Rb+ and K+/Cs+ selectivities exhibited general increases with the larger enhancement for the latter. For DC18C6 in 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, the alkali metal cation extraction selectivity and efficiency were unaffected by variation of the aqueous-phase anion from chloride to nitrate to sulfate.
Instrument classification in laparoscopic videos (2015)

In medical endoscopy more and more surgeons record videos of their interventions in a long-term storage archive for later retrieval. In order to allow content-based search in such endoscopic video archives, the video data needs to be indexed first. However, even the very basic step of content-based indexing, namely content segmentation, is already very challenging due to the special characteristics of such video data. Therefore, we propose to use instrument classification to enable semantic segmentation of laparoscopic videos. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of such an instrument classification approach. Our results show satisfying performance for all instruments used in our evaluation.
Estimating Thermal Stability of Experimental Polymers by Empirical Thermogravimetric Analysis (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimating Thermal Stability of Experimental Polymers by Empirical Thermogravimetric AnalysisC. D. DoyleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 1, 77–79Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60169a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60169a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3412Altmetric-Citations693LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relative quantification of mRNA: comparison of methods currently used for real-time PCR data analysis (2007)

Our results show that all the tested methods can provide quantitative values reflecting the amounts of measured mRNA in samples, but they differ in their accuracy and reproducibility. Selection of the appropriate method can also depend on the design of a particular experiment. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods in different applications are discussed.