gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitmask Soft Shadows (2007)

Abstract Recently, several real‐time soft shadow algorithms have been introduced which all compute a single shadow map and use its texels to obtain a discrete scene representation. The resulting micropatches are backprojected onto the light source and the light areas occluded by them get accumulated to estimate overall light occlusion. This approach ignores patch overlaps, however, which can lead to objectionable artifacts. In this paper, we propose to determine the visibility of the light source with a bit field where each bit tracks the visibility of a sample point on the light source. This approach not only avoids overlapping‐related artifacts but offers a solution to the important occluder fusion problem. Hence, it also becomes possible to correctly incorporate information from multiple depth maps. In addition, a new interpretation of the shadow map data is suggested which often provides superior visual results. Finally, we show how the search area for potential occluders can be reduced substantially.
Plant L‐ascorbic acid: chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing (2000)

Humans are unable to synthesise L-ascorbic acid (L-AA, ascorbate, vitamin C), and are thus entirely dependent upon dietary sources to meet needs. In both plant and animal metabolism, the biological functions of L-ascorbic acid are centred around the antioxidant properties of this molecule. Considerable evidence has been accruing in the last two decades of the importance of L-AA in protecting not only the plant from oxidative stress, but also mammals from various chronic diseases that have their origins in oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that the plasma levels of L-AA in large sections of the population are sub-optimal for the health protective effects of this vitamin. Until quite recently, little focus has been given to improving the L-AA content of plant foods, either in terms of the amounts present in commercial crop varieties, or in minimising losses prior to ingestion. Further, while L-AA biosynthesis in animals was elucidated in the 1960s,1 it is only very recently that a distinct biosynthetic route for plants has been proposed.2 The characterisation of this new pathway will undoubtedly provide the necessary focus and impetus to enable fundamental questions on plant L-AA metabolism to be resolved. This review focuses on the role of L-AA in metabolism and the latest studies regarding its biosynthesis, tissue compartmentalisation, turnover and catabolism. These inter-relationships are considered in relation to the potential to improve the L-AA content of crops. Methodology for the reliable analysis of L-AA in plant foods is briefly reviewed. The concentrations found in common food sources and the effects of processing, or storage prior to consumption are discussed. Finally the factors that determine the bioavailability of L-AA and how it may be improved are considered, as well as the most important future research needs. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Neural crest and cardiovascular development: A 20‐year perspective (2003)

We propose that the cardiac neural crest exists as part of a larger cardiocraniofacial morphogenetic field and describe several human syndromes that result from abnormal development of this field.
Living cell manipulation, manageable sampling, and shotgun picoliter electrospray mass spectrometry for profiling metabolites (2012)

A modified cell pressure probe and an online Orbitrap mass spectrometer were used to sample in situ plant single cells without any additional manipulation. The cell pressure probe, a quartz capillary tip filled with an oil mixture, was penetrated to various depths into parenchyma cells of tulip bulb scale, followed by a hydraulic continuity test to determine the exact location of the tip inside target cells. The operation was conducted under a digital microscope, and the capillary tip was photographed to calculate the volume of the cell sap sucked. The cell sap sample was then directly nebulized/ionized under high-voltage conditions at the entrance of the mass spectrometer. Several sugars, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites were detected. Because picoliter solutions can be accurately handled and measured, known volumes of standard solutions can be added to cell sap samples inside the capillary tip to be used as references for metabolite characterization and relative quantitation. The high precision and sensitivity of the cell pressure probe and Orbitrap mass spectrometer allow for the manipulation and analysis of both femtoliter cell sap samples and standard solutions.
An Algorithm for Determining Volume Fractions in Two-Phase Liquid Flows by Measuring Sound Speed (2012)

This paper presents a method of determining the volume fractions of two liquid components in a two-phase flow by measuring the speed of sound through the composite fluid and the instantaneous temperature. Two separate algorithms are developed, based on earlier modeling work by Urick (Urick, 1947, “A Sound Velocity Method for Determining the Compressibility of Finely Divided Substances,” J. Appl. Phys., 18(11), pp. 983–987) and Kuster and Toksöz (Kuster and Toksöz, 1974, “Velocity and Attenuation of Seismic Waves in Two-Phase Media: Part 1. Theoretical Formulations,” Geophysics, 39(5), pp. 587–606). The main difference between these two models is the representation of the composite density as a function of the individual densities; the former uses a linear rule-of-mixtures approach, while the latter uses a nonlinear fractional formulation. Both approaches lead to a quadratic equation, the root of which yields the volume fraction (φ) of one component, subject to the condition 0≤φ≤1. We present results of a study with mixtures of crude oil and process water, and a comparison of our results with a Coriolis meter. The liquid densities and sound speeds are calibrated at various temperatures for each fluid component, and the coefficients are used in the final algorithm. Numerical studies of sensitivity of the calculated volume fraction to temperature changes are also presented.
Epidural Steroid Injections Are Associated With Less Improvement in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (2012)

In Brief Study Design. Subgroup analysis of prospective, randomized database from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) Objective. The hypothesis of this study was that patients who received ESI during initial treatment as part of SPORT (The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial) would have improved clinical outcome and a lower rate of crossover to surgery than patients who did not receive ESI. Summary of Background Data. The use of epidural steroid injection (ESI) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is common, although there is little evidence in the literature to demonstrate its long-term benefi t in the treatment of lumbar stenosis. Methods. Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who received ESI within the first 3 months of enrollment in SPORT (ESI) were compared with patients who did not receive epidural injections during the first 3 months of the study (no-ESI). Results. There were 69 ESI patients and 207 no-ESI patients. There were no significant differences in demographic factors, baseline clinical outcome scores, or operative details between the groups, although there was a significant increase in baseline preference for nonsurgical treatment among ESI patients (ESI 62% vs. no-ESI 33%, P < 0.001). There was an average 26-minute increase in operative time and an increased length of stay by 0.9 days among the ESI patients who ultimately underwent surgical treatment. Averaged over 4 years, there was significantly less improvement in 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Function among surgically treated ESI patients (ESI 14.8 vs. no-ESI 22.5, P = 0.025). In addition, there was significantly less improvement among the nonsurgically treated patients in SF-36 Body Pain (ESI 7.3 vs. no-ESI 16.7, P = 0.007) and SF-36 Physical Function (ESI 5.5 vs. no-ESI 15.2, P = 0.009). Of the patients assigned to the surgical treatment group, there was a significantly increased crossover to nonsurgical treatment among patients who received an ESI (ESI 33% vs. no-ESI 11%, P = 0.012). Of the patients assigned to the nonoperative treatment group, there was a significantly increased crossover to surgical treatment in the ESI patients (ESI 58% vs. no-ESI 32%, P = 0.003). Conclusion. Despite equivalent baseline status, ESIs were associated with significantly less improvement at 4 years among all patients with spinal stenosis in SPORT. Furthermore, ESIs were associated with longer duration of surgery and longer hospital stay. There was no improvement in outcome with ESI whether patients were treated surgically or nonsurgically. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) were associated with significantly less improvement at 4 years among all patients with spinal stenosis in SPORT (The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial). Furthermore, ESIs were associated with longer duration of surgery and longer hospital stay. There was no improvement in outcome with ESI whether patients were treated surgically or nonsurgically.
「自己表出としての表現力」と「対象に伝えるための表現力」を見取る指標づくり (2009)

本研究は, グローバル化した現在の社会において必要不可欠な表現力を育成するための指標について検討することを目的に行った。1年目の今年度は, 子どもの実態を考慮した表現力の発達段階表を作成した。表作成における基礎データは, 筆者らの所属する幼稚園, 小学校, 中学校の教員を対象に行った聞き取り調査である。表は, 言語的表現力と非言語的表現力それぞれについて, 相手にかかわらず表現・伝達する際にできていて欲しいこと, 相手を意識して表現・伝達するという点でできていて欲しいことを分類・整理したものである。表は, 作成後に, 筆者らの所属する幼稚園, 小学校, 中学校の教員から妥当性についての意見聴取を行い修正した。次年度は, 作成した発達段階表を基に, 子どもたちの日常生活における表現力を見取るパフォーマンス課題とルーブリックを作成・試行する予定である。
A hospital cleaning study using microfibre and a novel copper biocide. I. Microbiological studies (2011)

We compared the performance of Vermop ultramicrofibre cloths/mops (UMF) with water (UMF + water) or impregnated with a novel copper-based biocide (UMF + CuWB50; 300 mg/L) with standard cleaning using cotton mops/cloths with Hospec detergent. Six sites were sampled with contact plates to enumerate total viable (bacterial) counts (TVCs) and with the 3M Clean-Trace ATP assay to assess cleaning efficacy. Statistical analysis revealed that one hour post-cleaning TVC levels were lower when using UMF + CuWB50 (75% reduction) compared with standard cleaning or UMF + water (45% and 35% reductions, respectively). There was a small overall residual effect when cleaning with UMF + CuWB50 (11.7% reduction in TVCs, p = 0.209). ATP levels were reduced more with UMF + CuWB50 than with standard cleaning or UMF + water. UMF( ± CuWB50) cleaning was more effective than standard cleaning (~78% vs. 61% reduction of ATP levels, respectively). This hospital implementation study demonstrates overall superior cleaning performance of UMF, which is enhanced with CuWB50, compared with standard cleaning.
High-sensitivity piezoelectric microphones based on stacked cellular polymer films (L) (2004)

Improvements of the sensitivity of piezoelectric microphones based on charged cellular polymer films are reported. The improvements are achieved by (1) an increase of the piezoelectric d33-coefficient of the cellular polypropylene films by pressure expansion and (2) stacking of the films. Microphones consisting of a single film of such material have sensitivities of about 2 mV/Pa at 1 kHz, independent of size, while for a microphone with five stacked films a sensitivity of 10.5 mV/Pa was measured. The equivalent noise level is about 37 dB(A) for the single-film transducer and 26 dB(A) for the stacked version. Advantages of these new piezoelectric transducers include their simple design, low cost, and small weight, as well as a large range of shapes and sizes possible.
A monoclonal antibody that identifies human peripheral blood monocytes recognizes the accessory- cells required for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. (1981)

These studies were carried out to evaluate the functional characteristics of the cells identified by a monoclonal anti-human mononuclear phagocyte (M phi) antibody, 63D3. This antibody reacts specifically with all human peripheral blood M phi and not with normal human peripheral blood T or B cells. By using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were sorted into 63D3-positive and 63D3-negative populations. Cell volume analysis indicated that 63D3-negative cells were identical to the non-adherent cells (NAC) in PBM, whereas 63D3-positive cells had a bimodal size distribution comparable to glass-adherent cells (AC). Neither 63D3-negative cells nor NAC were able to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation, whereas co-culture with either mitomycin C-treated AC or 63D3-positive cells restored mitogen responsiveness. Thus, the 63D3-positive population contains the relevant accessory cell required for mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation.
Recognize the Silhouette Attributes of T-shirts based on Mask R-CNN (2021)

Clothing is currently one of the most commercially profitable industries in the world, and clothing fashion analysis mines business intelligence information on massive data for the fashion industry, which has received tremendous attentions. As the basic task of fashion analysis, clothing silhouette attribute recognition is of great significance, which determines the accuracy of subsequent analysis. However, the clothing engineering knowledge system is highly professional, and the silhouette attributes are different for different clothing types. What's more, clothing distortion and occlusion often appear in the fashion images, which brings challenges to the recognition. In this paper, we summarize the key silhouette attributes of T-shirts, and recognize the attributes by instance segmentation based on Mask R-CNN. Through the experiments over the online clothing shopping dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution.
Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Triphenylphosphonium Salts with Broad-Spectrum Activity (2010)

Through our continued interest in designing compounds targeting cancer-cell metabolism, the Warburg effect, and mitochondria we recently discovered a series of novel, small-molecule compounds containing a triphenylphosphine moiety that show remarkable activity in a panel of cancer cell lines as well as in a mouse model of human breast cancer. The mechanism of action includes mitochondrial localization causing decreased oxygen consumption, increased superoxide production and attenuated growth factor signaling.
Effective skin depth with a local source and its application to survey design and data interpretation (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Effective skin depth with a local source and its application to survey design and data interpretationAuthors: Nagendra Pratap SinghToru MogiNagendra Pratap SinghGraduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan and Toru MogiGraduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japanhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817347 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817347FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByThe fault detection of transmitting current encoded by m-sequence using triple-correlation function in helicopter-borne electromagnetic methodReview of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 93, No. 7Forward and Inverse Modeling of Large Loop TEM Data Over Multi-layer Earth Models2 January 2020 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Nagendra Pratap Singh and Toru Mogi, (2002), "Effective skin depth with a local source and its application to survey design and data interpretation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 684-687. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1817347 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Innate control of adaptive immunity via remodeling of lymph node feed arteriole (2005)

The adaptive immune system relies on rare cognate lymphocytes to detect pathogen-derived antigens. Naïve lymphocytes recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs in search of cognate antigen. Here, we show that the naïve-lymphocyte recirculation pattern is controlled at the level of innate immune recognition, independent of antigen-specific stimulation. We demonstrate that inflammation-induced lymphocyte recruitment to the lymph node is mediated by the remodeling of the primary feed arteriole, and that its physiological role is to increase the efficiency of screening for rare antigen-specific lymphocytes. Our data reveal a mechanism of innate control of adaptive immunity: by increasing the pool of naïve lymphocytes for detection of foreign antigens via regulation of vascular input to the local lymph node.
Encyclopedia of Evaluation (2005)

List of Entries Reader's Guide List of Contributors About the Editor About the Contributors Preface Entries A-W Author Index Subject Index
Ultrahigh Temperature Assessment Study: Ceramic Matrix Composites (1992)

As part of the U.S. Air Force initiative to develop high temperature materials for use in future gas turbine engines, a literature survey coupled with an assessment of recently completed experimental programs sponsored by the Air Force was made to evaluate prospective materials capable of operating at 1650 deg C or above in oxidizing environments. The assessment reviews fundamental considerations associated with the use of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites in representative environments and includes discussions on potential performance requirements. Key material categories (e.g., borides, carbides, nitrides, silicides, beryllides, and oxides) are evaluated with respect to their strengths and weaknesses. The reinforcements available for high temperature composite applications are reviewed and several prospective composite systems considered. A principal conclusion relative to possible uses for long-term man-rated gas turbine engines is that oxide/oxide composites-have the best potential for functional use in oxidizing environments above 1650 deg C provided adequate single-crystal reinforcement fibers can be developed. Several nonoxide materials and composites were identified for possible uses in short- duty cycle non-man-rated applications. In addition to materials development, there will be critical need for high-temperature test facilities that can be operated in representative oxidizing environments.... Ceramics, Composites, Ultrahigh temperature, Matrix, Fiber reinforcement, Oxidation, Fracture toughness, Strength, Creep, Fatigue.
Observation of bistability in GaAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1997)

Two different types of bistability in proton-implanted GaAs quantum-well (QW) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been observed. The first type of bistability has a small hysteresis width (/spl sim/50 /spl mu/A) in the light versus current and voltage versus current characteristics. Light-induced large negative differential resistance, random fluctuations, and self-pulsations are observed at the switching point. The emission patterns show that the bistability occurs at a spatially localized area under the output facet that covers only a small fraction of the N1S-/spl mu/m-diameter aperture. The bistability stems from spatially localized saturable absorption. The second type of bistability has a large hysteresis width (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/A) in the L-1 characteristics and is observed well above the threshold current. In this case, no observable bistable loop exists in the voltage versus current characteristics, and the bistability is associated with transverse mode-hopping.
Thymocyte depletion in <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> infection is mediated by <i>trans</i> -sialidase-induced apoptosis on nurse cells complex (2002)

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, induces transient thymic aplasia early after infection-a phenomenon that still lacks a molecular explanation. The parasite sheds an enzyme known as trans-sialidase (TS), which is able to direct transfer-sialyl residues among macromolecules. Because cell-surface sialylation is known to play a central role in the immune system, we tested whether the bloodstream-borne TS is responsible for the thymic alterations recorded during infection. We found that recombinant TS administered to naive mice was able to induce cell-count reduction mediated by apoptosis, mimicking cell subsets distribution and histologic findings observed during the acute phase of the infection. Thymocytes taken after TS treatment showed low response to Con A, although full ability to respond to IL-2 or IL-2 plus Con A was conserved, which resembles findings from infected animals. Alterations were found to revert several days after TS treatment. The administration of TS-neutralizing Abs to T. cruzi-infected mice prevented thymus alterations. Results indicate that the primary target for the TS-induced apoptosis is the so-called "nurse cell complex". Therefore, we report here supporting evidence that TS is the virulence factor from T. cruzi responsible for the thymic alterations via apoptosis induction on the nurse cell complex, and that TS-neutralizing Abs elicitation during infection is associated with the reversion to thymic normal parameters.
Checkpointing virtual machines against transient errors (2010)

This paper proposes VM-μCheckpoint, a lightweight software mechanism for high-frequency checkpointing and rapid recovery of virtual machines. VM-μCheckpoint minimizes checkpoint overhead and speeds up recovery by saving incremental checkpoints in volatile memory and by employing copy-on-write, dirty-page prediction, and in-place recovery. In our approach, knowledge of fault/error latency is used to explicitly address checkpoint corruption, a critical problem, especially when checkpoint frequency is high. We designed and implemented VM-μCheckpoint in the Xen VMM. The evaluation results demonstrate that VM-μCheckpoint incurs an average of 6.3% execution-time overhead for 50ms checkpoint intervals when executing the SPEC CINT 2006 benchmark.