gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of hydride transfer. III. Rates and isotope effects in the quinone oxidation of leuco triphenylmethane dyes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of hydride transfer. III. Rates and isotope effects in the quinone oxidation of leuco triphenylmethane dyesEdward Sheldon Lewis, James M. Perry, and Reuben H. GrinsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4, 899–905Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00707a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00707a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views455Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD (2002)

慢性閉塞性肺疾患 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;COPD) は, 完全には可逆性ではない進行性の気流制限, 有毒な粒子やガスに対する肺の異常な炎症反応を特徴とする疾患である. また, 骨格筋機能異常をはじめmulti-organ-system diseaseとして包括的な対応が必要となる病態である. 呼吸困難感の軽減・QOL・ADL・運動耐容能の改善など, 管理・治療に際しても薬物療法・呼吸リハビリテーション・在宅酸素療法をはじめ, 多次元のアプローチ法を組み合わせた包括的な治療プログラムの展開が必要となる. COPDの診療に関する新しい展開としてWHO/NHBLIよりGOLD workshop reportが2001年に発表された. COPDの有病率・死亡率の上昇を逆転させるためには, 新たな研究の展開に加え予防および管理の向上が必須である.
<title>Measurement of 2D birefringence distribution</title> (1992)

A new measuring method of 2-D birefringence distribution has been developed. It has not been an easy job to get a birefringence distribution in an optical element with conventional ellipsometry because of its lack of scanning means. Finding an analogy between the rotating analyzer method in ellipsometry and the phase-shifting method in recently developed digital interferometry, we have applied the phase-shifting algorithm to ellipsometry, and have developed a new method that makes the measurement of 2-D birefringence distribution easy and possible. The system contains few moving parts, assuring reliability, and measures a large area of a sample at one time, making the measuring time very short.
Dynamic path planning (2002)

Path planning is dynamic when the path is continually recomputed as more information becomes available. A computational framework for dynamic path planning is proposed which has the ability to provide navigational directions during the computation of the plan. Path planning is performed using a potential field approach. We use a specific type of potential function-a harmonic function-which has no local minima. The implementation is parallel and consists of a collection of communicating processes, across a network of SPARC & SGI workstations using a message passing software package called PVM. The computation of the plan is performed independently of the execution of the plan. A hierarchical coarse-to-fine procedure is used to guarantee a correct control strategy at the expense of accuracy. We have successfully navigated a Nomad robot around our lab space with no a priori map in real-time. The result of the described approach is a parallel implementation which permits dynamic path planning using available processor resources.
Bone contact, growth, and density around immediately loaded implants in the mandible of mini pigs (2003)

The aim of the study was to compare the bone mineral apposition rate (BMAR) of immediately loaded implants with an unloaded control during the early healing phase in the partially edentulous mandible. In seven mini pigs, three premolars and the first molar were removed in the left mandible. Three months later, five implants were installed. Four implants received a fixed provisional restoration and were loaded immediately. The most anterior implant was used as unloaded control. Polychromatic fluorescence labelling was performed to assess the BMAR. After 4 months, the implants were retrieved together with the adjacent bone. Histological specimens were prepared and subjected to a fluorescence microscopic and histomorphometric analysis. Two provisional restorations were found partially lost at the end of the observation period. One implant that had lost the splinting fixation showed soft connective tissue healing. The BMAR did not differ statistically significantly between loaded and unloaded implants and within the single groups during the observation period (BMARloaded days 14-42=1.8+/-0.2 microm/d, BMARloaded days 42-70=1.8+/-0.1 microm/d, BMARloaded days 70-98=1.6+/-0.1 microm/d, pBMARloaded days 14-42/42-70/70-98 =0.156, BMARunloaded days 14-42=1.7+/-0.1 microm/d, BMARunloaded days 42-70=1.8+/-0.2 microm/d, BMARunloaded days 70-98=1.6+/-0.4 microm/d, pBMARunloaded days 14-42/42-70/70-98=0.368, pBMARloaded/unloaded days 14-42=0.073, pBMARloaded/unloaded days 42-70=0.098, pBMARloaded/unloaded days 70-98=0.262). Four months after implant placement, the bone-to-implant contact was 77.8+/-17.3% for the loaded and 78.0+/-5.8% for the unloaded implants (P=0.753). Immediate loading does not affect the bone mineral apposition rate when compared with unloaded implants. Rigid splinting seems to be the crucial factor for implant success. Uncontrolled masticatory forces can cause failure after partial loss of the provisional restoration.
Expression of a Dominant Negative FGF Receptor in Developing GNRH1 Neurons Disrupts Axon Outgrowth and Targeting to the Median Eminence1 (2005)

During development, neurons that synthesize and release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH1) extend their axons to the median eminence (ME) to establish neurosecretory contacts necessary for hormone secretion. Signals that coordinate this process are not known, but could involve the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) expressed on developing GNRH1 neurons. Using both whole-animal and cell culture approaches, this study examines the direct role of FGFR signaling in the extension and guidance of GNRH1 axons to the ME. In vivo retrograde labeling with fluorogold (FG) first showed a significant reduction in the projections of GNRH1 axons to the circumventricular organs (including the ME) in transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative FGF receptor (dnFGFR) in GNRH1 neurons. Using a primary GNRH1 neuronal culture system, we examined if compromised axon extension and directional growth led to the reduced axon targeting efficiency seen in vivo. Primary cultures of GNRH1 neurons were established from Embryonic Day 15.5 embryos, an age when GNRH1 neurons are actively targeting the ME. Cultured GNRH1 neurons expressing dnFGFR (dnFGFR neurons) exhibited attenuated activation of signaling pathways and reduced neurite outgrowth in response to FGF2. Further, dnFGFR neurons failed to preferentially target neurites toward cocultured ME explant and FGF2-coated beads, suggesting a defect in axon pathfinding. Together, these findings describe a direct role of FGFR signaling in the elongation and guidance of GNRH1 axons to the ME.
Direct Comparison of Yb^3+:CaF_2 and heavily doped Yb^3+:YLF as laser media at room temperature (2009)

We report an extensive comparison of the laser performances of diode-pumped Yb(3+):YLF (30% at.) and Yb(3+):CaF(2) (5% at.) crystals, lasing at room-temperature and operating in two different operation mode, i.e. Continuous Wave (CW) and quasi-CW. An in-depth investigation of the crystals behavior by changing the pump power, clearly shows the crystal absorption depends on the lasing conditions. Therefore, we report an unambiguous definition of the slope efficiency calculated taken into account the real measured crystal absorption under laser action. Finally, we present a study of problems related to thermally induced losses which are expected influencing the laser performance.
Short-Term Efficacy of Trichloroacetic Acid in the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2016)

A high regression and remission rate and a high HPV clearance rate were observed 8 weeks after topical 85% trichloroacetic acid treatment for patients with CIN.
Menin Molecular Interactions: Insights into Normal Functions and Tumorigenesis (2005)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disease predisposed by heterozygous germline mutations in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. Biallelic loss of MEN1 resulting from small mutation and/or loss of heterozygosity occurs in a large tissue spectrum of MEN1 tumors or non-hereditary tumors. Mouse models of MEN1 underexpression or overexpression have also supported the tumor-suppressor effect of the MEN1 gene. Menin, the 610-amino-acid protein encoded by MEN1, is expressed ubiquitously and found predominantly in the nucleus. Sequence analyses do not reveal motifs of known function other than two nuclear localization sequences. Menin has been found to partner in vitro with a variety of proteins that comprise transcription factors, DNA processing factors, DNA repair proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. The diverse functions of menin interactors suggest roles for menin in multiple biological pathways. Inactivation of menin switches its JunD partner from a downstream action of growth suppression to growth promotion. This is a plausible mechanism for menin tumorigenesis.
Colchicine prevents NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome (2016)

The inflammasome is a large, multiprotein complex that consists of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR), an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, and pro-caspase-1. Activation of the inflammasome results in cleavage of pro-caspase-1 into cleaved caspase-1, which promotes the processing of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β into mature IL-1β. We investigated the effects of colchicine on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injury and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Colchicine treatment inhibited indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury by 86% (1 mg/kg) and 94% (3 mg/kg) as indicated by the lesion index 24 h after indomethacin administration. Colchicine inhibited the protein expression of cleaved caspase-1 and mature IL-1β, without affecting the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. Although treatment with recombinant IL-1β (0.1 μg/kg) did not change the severity of small intestinal damage, the preventive effects of colchicine were abolished by supplementation with the same dose of recombinant IL-1β. Indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage was reduced by 77%, as determined by the lesion index in NLRP3(-/-) mice, and colchicine treatment failed to inhibit small intestinal damage in NLRP3(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that colchicine prevents NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Observer-based active impedance control of a knee-joint assistive orthosis (2015)

In this study, a new active impedance control method of a knee joint orthosis is proposed by using a nonlinear observer to estimate the human joint torque. The proposed method is an alternative to the sensor-based impedance controller in which the human joint torque is estimated by using the electromyography (EMG) sensor, force/torque sensors, etc. The use of the nonlinear observer can efficiently overcome the shortcomings of the EMG and force/torque sensors, such as complexity of use, encumbrance, modeling, sensitivity to noise, high cost, etc. Additionally, a main goal of the proposed active impedance control is to decrease the impedance of the human-orthosis system to a desired level that the wearer can easily achieve. To achieve this goal, a virtual desired impedance model is designed to estimate human intention movements; a nonlinear disturbance observer based sliding mode controller is proposed to track the human estimated movements. Two experiments were carried out to verify the performance of the proposed nonlinear observer and sliding mode controller, as well as the effectiveness of the active impedance assistance strategy. The results show that the proposed method can effectively decrease the impedance of the human-orthosis system according to the desired impedance model. At the same time, the required human muscle torque for ensuring the knee joint flexion/extension movement can be also significantly decreased with the active impedance assistance.
MRI artifacts of metallic stents derived from imaging sequencing and the ferromagnetic nature of materials. (1999)

In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the optimum materials and imaging methods for metallic stents by conducting an in vitro investigation of MRI artifacts arising during imaging by several representative imaging methods using various types of stents and by clarifying the differences occurring with different metals and imaging sequences. We also examined the use of MRCP and MRA in evaluating luminal patency within stented biliary tracts and blood vessels in vivo. In vitro study showed either no artifacts or very slight artifacts created by titanium stents, however, marked image distortion was created by a stainless steel stent. Using SE instead of GRE sequences can minimize these artifacts. Echo planar imaging (EPI) produced severe susceptibility artifacts, resulting in unsatisfactory images. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that MRCP was an effective method for follow-up studies of bile duct stents, but that MRA is quite limited as a method of follow-up study for currently available vascular stents.
Amyloid β-Protein Dimers Rapidly Form Stable Synaptotoxic Protofibrils (2010)

Nonfibrillar, water-soluble low-molecular weight assemblies of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) are believed to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aqueous extracts of human brain contain Aβ assemblies that migrate on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and elute from size exclusion as dimers (∼8 kDa) and can block long-term potentiation and impair memory consolidation in the rat. Such species are detected specifically and sensitively in extracts of Alzheimer brain suggesting that SDS-stable dimers may be the basic building blocks of AD-associated synaptotoxic assemblies. Consequently, understanding the structure and properties of Aβ dimers is of great interest. In the absence of sufficient brain-derived dimer to facilitate biophysical analysis, we generated synthetic dimers designed to mimic the natural species. For this, Aβ(1-40) containing cysteine in place of serine 26 was used to produce disulphide cross-linked dimer, (AβS26C)2. Such dimers had no detectable secondary structure, produced an analytical ultracentrifugation profile consistent for an ∼8.6 kDa protein, and had no effect on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). However, (AβS26C)2 aggregated more rapidly than either AβS26C or wild-type monomers and formed parastable β-sheet rich, thioflavin T-positive, protofibril-like assemblies. Whereas wild-type Aβ aggregated to form typical amyloid fibrils, the protofibril-like structures formed by (AβS26C)2 persisted for prolonged periods and potently inhibited LTP in mouse hippocampus. These data support the idea that Aβ dimers may stabilize the formation of fibril intermediates by a process distinct from that available to Aβ monomer and that higher molecular weight prefibrillar assemblies are the proximate mediators of Aβ toxicity.
Order Ascaridida. (1999)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter reviews the biological development and transmission of the Ascaridida nematode parasites of humans and domestic and wild animals.
An improved high-efficiency rectifier for telecom applications (2002)

A rectifier circuit architecture for achieving a power train conversion efficiency greater than 92% for a 12 kW rectifier for telecom applications is described for a design for a 380/480 V three phase AC input utilizing semiconductor devices with commonly available breakdown voltages is presented, including predicted and laboratory measurements of power train efficiency. An averaged model of the power train is developed in conjunction with a description of the control strategy.
Correction: Immunization against GAD Induces Antibody Binding to GAD-Independent Antigens and Brainstem GABAergic Neuronal Loss (2013)

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a highly-disabling neurological disorder of the CNS characterized by progressive muscular rigidity and spasms. In approximately 60-80% of patients there are autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that synthesizes gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS. Although GAD is intracellular, it is thought that autoimmunity to GAD65 may play a role in the development of SPS. To test this hypothesis, we immunized mice, that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the GAD65 promoter, with either GAD65 (n = 13) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (n = 13). Immunization with GAD65 resulted in autoantibodies that immunoprecipitated GAD, bound to CNS tissue in a highly characteristic pattern, and surprisingly bound not only to GAD intracellularly but also to the surface of cerebellar neurons in culture. Moreover, immunization resulted in immunoglobulin diffusion into the brainstem, and a partial loss of GAD-EGFP expressing cells in the brainstem. Although immunization with GAD65 did not produce any behavioral abnormality in the mice, the induction of neuronalsurface antibodies and the trend towards loss of GABAergic neurons in the brainstem, supports a role for humoral autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of SPS and suggests that the mechanisms may involve spread to antigens expressed on the surface of these neurons.
Further studies on the attachment of bacteria to skin (1975)

1. A proportion of the bacterial flora of the skin is present in the surrounding water film and can be removed by adequate rinsing. 2. The remainder of the flora is attached to the skin in such a manner that numbers can be reduced only 10-fold during spray-cooling or spin-chilling. 3. The reduction process was found to be independent of bacterial type or the extent of previous contamination. 4. The significance of the "water film flora" is discussed with respect to the attachment of bacteria and the cleaning of carcasses.
The effects of chemical structure and surface properties of synthetic polymers on the coagulation of blood. IV. The relation between polymer morphology and protein adsorption. (1975)

Although these studies are preliminary, they do not show that the chemical structure of the block copolymer is not the only determinant of its blood properties; one must be equally concerned with the effect of its domain-matrix size and purity. These features, which are affected by factors such as block size, mold surface, and general fabrication procedures, as well as chemical structure, must be controlled if one is to have reproducible results in the function of an implant.
A Structural and Energetic Model for the Slow-Onset Inhibition of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Enoyl-ACP Reductase InhA (2014)

Slow-onset enzyme inhibitors are of great interest for drug discovery programs since the slow dissociation of the inhibitor from the drug-target complex results in sustained target occupancy leading to improved pharmacodynamics. However, the structural basis for slow-onset inhibition is often not fully understood, hindering the development of structure-kinetic relationships and the rational optimization of drug-target residence time. Previously we demonstrated that slow-onset inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase InhA correlated with motions of a substrate-binding loop (SBL) near the active site. In the present work, X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to map the structural and energetic changes of the SBL that occur upon enzyme inhibition. Helix-6 within the SBL adopts an open conformation when the inhibitor structure or binding kinetics is substrate-like. In contrast, slow-onset inhibition results in large-scale local refolding in which helix-6 adopts a closed conformation not normally populated during substrate turnover. The open and closed conformations of helix-6 are hypothesized to represent the EI and EI* states on the two-step induced-fit reaction coordinate for enzyme inhibition. These two states were used as the end points for nudged elastic band molecular dynamics simulations resulting in two-dimensional potential energy profiles that reveal the barrier between EI and EI*, thus rationalizing the binding kinetics observed with different inhibitors. Our findings indicate that the structural basis for slow-onset kinetics can be understood once the structures of both EI and EI* have been identified, thus providing a starting point for the rational control of enzyme-inhibitor binding kinetics.
Chemical-Biological Documentation: A New Approach (1953)

Chemical-Biological Documentation: A New Approach Get access G. Congdon Wood G. Congdon Wood Head, Biology Group Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, National Research Council , Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 3, Issue 5, October 1953, Pages 16–18, https://doi.org/10.2307/1291898 Published: 01 October 1953
Excited states of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in GaN (1997)

We report a comprehensive photoluminescence excitation (PLE) investigation of the deep iron acceptor in hexagonal GaN. PLE spectra of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ${[}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{T}}_{1}$ (G)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{A}}_{1}$ (S)] luminescence in semi-insulating GaN samples reveal intracenter excitation processes via excited states of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ center. Zero-phonon lines resolved around 2.01 and at 2.731 eV are attributed to the $^{6}$ ${\mathrm{A}}_{1}$ (S)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{T}}_{2}$ (G) and the $^{6}$ ${\mathrm{A}}_{1}$ (S)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$ E(G) transition, respectively. A steplike excitation structure on the low-energy onset of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+\mathrm{/}2+}$ charge-transfer band is attributed to the formation of a (${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$,e,h) complex at 2.888 eV. We estimate a binding energy of 280 meV locating the deep ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+\mathrm{/}2+}$ acceptor level 3.17 eV above the valence-band maximum. In n-type GaN samples the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ luminescence is excited by hole-transfer processes. The experimental results indicate that the internal reference rule fails for the GaN/GaAs heterostructure.
Transition Metal Self-assembly of Dithiocarbamate Based Anion Receptors (2001)

Abstract Novel macrocyclic and acyclic transition metal dithiocarbamate based anion receptors, prepared via metal mediated self-assembly, strongly bind anions, and in the case of L2 electrochemically recognise carboxylate, chloride and dihydrogen phosphate.