gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two new components from<i>Gnetum pendulum</i> (2008)

Two new compounds, 3-O-(13-hydroxy-9Z,11E,15E-octadecatrienoyl) cycloeucalenol (1) and 24'-hydroxy-tetracosyl ferulate (2), together with one known compound, tetracosyl ferulate (3), were isolated from the dried stems of Gnetum pendulum. The two new compounds were structurally elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Photographic calibration of the Hirschberg test. (1987)

A series of direct photographic measurements of corneal reflex positions was taken to reconcile discrepant interpretations of the Hirschberg test. A value of 21 prism diopters per millimeter was obtained for the conversion factor relating ocular rotations to reflex displacement, valid over a range of 200 prism D. Quantitative interpretation of routine clinical photographs of strabismic patients can thus be easily obtained by including a millimeter scale in each picture. This value for the conversion factor is in agreement with a simple optical model for the corneal reflex. The discrepancy with the traditional value (about 14 prism D/mm) appears to arise from an attempt of most observers to measure reflex displacement from the corneal apex along the surface of the cornea, rather than to project the reflex and pupil onto a true frontal plane, as is done in a photograph.
Effects of Nonlinear Strain-Dependent Permeability and Rate of Compression on the Stress Behavior of Articular Cartilage (1981)

The compressive viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage, a fiber-reinforced, porous, permeable solid matrix filled with water, is predominately governed by the flow of the interstitial water within the tissue and its exudation across the articular surface. The fluid flow is in turn governed by the permeability of the tissue and the loading imposed upon its surface. But for articular cartilage, the permeability depends nonlinearly on the strain; k = ko exp (Me). Here, M is the nonlinear flow-limiting parameter and e is the dilatation. In this investigation, we studied the influence of M and Ro = koHA/Uh (where HA is the elastic equilibrium modulus of the solid matrix, h is the tissue's thickness and U is the rate of compression applied onto the surface via a rigid, porous, free-draining filter) on the stress history of circular plugs of cartilage specimens attached to the bone. It was found that these two parameters have profound effects on the predicted compressive stress history. For very large Ro, the fluid flow effects become negligible. For small Ro and large M, large instantaneous compressive stresses several times larger than those observed at equilibrium are predicted. This amplification of compressive stress is due to the increase of importance of the relative fluid flow effect, i.e., Ro leads to 0, and nonlinear flow-limit effect, i.e., M greater than 0. Also, the theoretical curves predict that the rate of increase of stress initially decreases (convex) and finally becomes a constant. The results of our 5 percent offset compression experiments are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
HPMC Capsules: Current Status and Future Prospects (2010)

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is employed for a wide variety of pharmaceutical and food preparations. Its applications as viscolizing agent (thickening agent), coating polymer, bioadhesive, in solid dispersion to enhance solubility, binder in the process of granulation and in modified release formulations have been well documented. One other notable use is in the production of capsule shells, replacing the animal derived gelatin in conventional two-piece capsules. The aim of this review is to systemically survey published literature on the HPMC use in capsule shells and resolve questions regarding their suitability as a replacement for hard gelatin capsules. Future refinements in the production and filling of HPMC capsule shells and improvement in their in vivo/in vitro dissolution would ensure their superiority over hard gelatin capsules.
A language for conveying the aliasing properties of dynamic, pointer-based data structures (2002)

High-performance architectures rely upon powerful optimizing and parallelizing compilers to maximize performance. Such compilers need accurate program analysis to enable their performance-enhancing transformations. In the domain of program analysis for parallelization, pointer analysis is a difficult and increasingly common problem. When faced with dynamic, pointer-based data structures, existing solutions are either too limited in the types of data structures they can analyze, or require too much effort on the part of the programmer. In this paper we present a powerful description language for expressing the aliasing properties of dynamic date structures. Such descriptions provide the compiler with better information during alias analysis, and require only minimal effort from the programmer. Ultimately, this enables a more accurate program analysis, and an increased application of performance-enhancing transformations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peritoneal Fibrosis Intervention (2007)

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is invariably observed in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The condition is thought to occur in response to a variety of insults, including bioincompatible dialysates (acidic solution, high glucose, glucose degradation products, or a combination), peritonitis, uremia, and chronic inflammation. Recently, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that contribute to the fibrosing process have been intensively studied. Transforming growth factor-beta has been shown to be a key mediator of PF. Loss of the mesothelial cell layer has been identified in several studies and shown to correlate with submesothelial thickening and vasculopathy. An association has also been identified between increased submesothelial thickness in the peritoneal membrane and increased solute transport, suggesting a relationship between PF and loss of ultrafiltration capacity. Thus, to maintain long-term PD and improve quality of life for patients, it is important to develop interventions for prevention and treatment of PF. Several strategies for peritoneal fibrosis intervention have been reported, including developing biocompatible dialysate, targeting mediators responsible for inflammation and fibrosis, and reconstituting the peritoneum using mesothelial or bone marrow-derived cells. Recent experimental trials in animal models and clinical studies are presented in this review.
Stability of cyclosporine in an extemporaneously compounded paste (1995)

The stability of cyclosporine in an extemporaneously compounded paste was studied. Cyclosporine oral solution 100 mg/mL was mixed with an adhesive gel to prepare six aluminum-lined ointment tubes containing paste with cyclosporine 9.6 mg/g. Two of the tubes were stored at 37 degrees C, two at 21 degrees C, and two at 2 degrees C. Cyclosporine was extracted from samples taken on days 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 18, 22, 28, and 31, and the concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (except for samples obtained on day 2) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Throughout the study period, the concentration of cyclosporine remaining in the paste was > 90% of the initial concentration according to both assay methods. Cyclosporine 9.6 mg/g in a paste compounded extemporaneously from cyclosporine oral solution and an adhesive gel was stable for at least 31 days when stored in aluminum-lined ointment tubes at 37, 21, and 2 degrees C.
A Digital Power Amplifier in 28 nm CMOS for LTE Applications (2016)

The further development of the mobile communication standard towards the 4th generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) and the simultaneous development of technology standards create new challenges, that have to be fulfilled, while designing power amplifiers (PAs).The downscaling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) according to Moore's law makes the overall transceiver system more compact and reduces the required chip area.Recently a fully integrated CMOS power amplifier was included in a single-chip 3rd generation (3G) high speed packet access (HSPA) transceiver with a radio frequency digital to analog converter (RFDAC).For further integration the RFDAC and PA can be merged to a digital PA (DPA).The signal can be generated using polar modulation (PM) which allows a separated consideration of amplitude and phase.The current summing digital power amplifier (CSDPA) is one solution for fully integrated CMOS PM architectures.A CSDPA can be implemented as switched power amplifier architecture with an inverse class-D PA that can theoretically achieve high efficiency what makes it a promising candidate for fully integrated circuits.To proof the capability of 28 nm CMOS technology to provide wattlevel output power a linear class-AB PA is designed.A DPA is implemented to further merge the design and additionally to be able of testing more advanced designs.Both designs are implemented in a frontend-of-line (FEOL) 28 nm CMOS technology.The designs use 7 copper layers and 1 aluminum layer as back-end-of-line (BEOL).The fully integrated circuits include on-chip matching, biasing and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection.To overcome the voltage stress for a single transistor the designs are implemented as a triple stack with feedback path from the drain of the upper transistor to the gate.This reduces the voltage stress of the transistor and increases the reliability.i
Amperometric Methods in Control of Water Chlorination (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmperometric Methods in Control of Water ChlorinationH. C. Marks, G. L. Bannister, J. R. Glass, and Elaine. HerrigelCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 3, 200–204Publication Date (Print):March 25, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 March 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60003a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60003a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple shifter arrays for repairing phase defects in conjugate twin-shifter phase-shift mask (1993)

Phase shift lithography greatly improves the resolution of optical steppers, but its practical application is degraded by phase defects arising during mask fabrication. Phase errors resulting from residues or voids in the mask shifter films cause defects by printing directly onto the wafers or by influencing the printing of adjacent patterns. The effects of optical interferences resulting from mask phase errors are analyzed by applying a simplified 2- dimensional defect model to both isolated patterns and alternating shifter arrays. Results of these analyses show the effects of asymmetric defocusing characteristics on the printability of defects and on critical dimension control of adjacent patterns. A new repair method is described using arrays of non-printable features to counteract the effects of phase defects in alternating arrays. Results of this study have been verified by evaluating the effects of programmed defects on printed wafers and by repairing patterns of conjugate twin-shifters within a new mask structure.
Anaphylaxis in Hemophilus pertussis-treated mice. I. Passive anaphylaxis with heterologous rabbit antibody. (1958)

Summary 1.Passive anaphylactic shock can be easily produced in mice that have received 250–2,000 million H. pertussis cells four days prior to the administration of 187–200 μ of rabbit antibody nitrogen. Only a few mice died when 108 μ of Ab N were given. 2.In mice receiving 2,000 million H. pertussis cells and sensitized with 187 μ of Ab N an optimal amount of antigen (around 0.04 mg) was found for challenge that if considerably exceeded (5–10 mg/mouse) was actually less effective. 3.Two hundred fifty million H. pertussis cells given four days before administration of 218 μ of Ab N rendered mice highly susceptible to anaphylactic shock, while ten million cells failed to increase their susceptibility. 4.Three to four days after administration of H. pertussis seems to be the optimal time for production of passive anaphylaxis. By the 9th to the 12th day sensitivity has returned to its normal level. 5.After administration of rabbit antibody, sensitivity lasts for three days reaching an optimal point immediately after intravenous injection of the antiserum, and 30 min to 6 hr after intraperitoneal injection. 6.No relationship was obtained between development of anaphylactic sensitivity (active or passive) and development of histamine sensitivity. 7.Adrenalectomy, like H. pertussis treatment, also increases the sensitivity of mice to passive anaphylaxis. 8.Some postulations are made as to the possible mode of action of H. pertussis .
Dependence of mechanical properties on molecular motion in polymers (1968)

Abstract Considerable progress has been made in the past 20 years in the synthesis, characterization and fabrication of plastics. Previous SPE Award winners, such as Mark, Natta, and Marvel dealt largely with synthesis; Flory with characterization; Alfrey and Du Bois with fabrication. One of the still unsolved problems lies in the realm of relating mechanical properties, such as impact strenght and creep to molecular structure. The design enginner who wishes to use a plastic part is concerned primarily with how some property such as impact strenght varies with temperature, speed of test, test method, etc. The polymer scientist must know why. Through knowing why, he may be able to design better plastics. This paper attempts to survey some of the world‐wide progress made in this area in the past 10 years. The ultimate goal is to understand these mechanical properties in terms of internal molecular motions which occur in solid polymers. Internal motion can be detected by electrical, electromagnetic and dynamic mechanical measurements. When these three methods are applied on a given polymer over a range of temperatures, insights can be gained as to the variation of impact strength and other properties with temperature and frequency for that same polymer. These three fundamental methods, which require very small samples (less than 50 grams), can provide insight into the practical behavior of plastic materials over the wide range of temperatures and frequencies encountered in the real world.
NITROGEN FIXATION AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN CLONES OF <i>ALNUS INCANA</i> (1980)

S ummary Nitrogen fixation, growth, biomass production and nitrogen content of seven clones from grey alder ( Alnus incana (L.) Moench) were compared. Rooted green cuttings, inoculated with a root nodule suspension, were grown without combined nitrogen in a growth chamber for nine weeks. Nitrogenase activity (C 2 H 2 reduction) was repeatedly measured in intact plants, and biomass and nitrogen content were measured at the end of the growth period. There were considerable, often significant, differences between clones in most of the studied parameters. Within each clone a very close correlation between various parameters was found. It was suggested that the value of any one variable which was easy to measure, such as shoot length, may be used for the prediction of the response of other variables when clones are grown together under the same conditions.
Automatic detection and genetic profiling of disseminated neuroblastoma cells (2001)

In that virtually all tumor cells in a mixing experiment could be recovered unambiguously, we can conclude that the sensitivity of this approach is set by the number of cells available for analysis. Sequential FISH analyses of immunologically positive cells improve both the specificity and the sensitivity of the microscopic minimal residual disease detection.
On fault-tolerant structure, distributed fault-diagnosis, reconfiguration, and recovery of the array processors (1989)

A study is made of the design of fault-tolerant array processors. It is shown how hardware redundancy can be used in the existing structures in order to make them capable of withstanding the failure of some of the array links and processors. Distributed fault-tolerance schemes are introduced for the diagnosis of the faulty elements, reconfiguration, and recovery of the array. Fault tolerance is maintained by the cooperation of processors in a decentralized form of control without the participation of any type of hardcore or fault-free central controller such as a host computer. Time redundancy is utilized by assigning the functions of the failed processors to fault-free processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Twin-Foucault imaging method (2012)

A method of Lorentz electron microscopy, which enables observation two Foucault images simultaneously by using an electron biprism instead of an objective aperture, was developed. The electron biprism is installed between two electron beams deflected by 180° magnetic domains. Potential applied to the biprism deflects the two electron beams further, and two Foucault images with reversed contrast are then obtained in one visual field. The twin Foucault images are able to extract the magnetic domain structures and to reconstruct an ordinary electron micrograph. The developed Foucault method was demonstrated with a 180° domain structure of manganite La0.825Sr0.175MnO3.
Human RECQL1 participates in telomere maintenance (2014)

A variety of human tumors employ alternative and recombination-mediated lengthening for telomere maintenance (ALT). Human RecQ helicases, such as BLM and WRN, can efficiently unwind alternate/secondary structures during telomere replication and/or recombination. Here, we report a novel role for RECQL1, the most abundant human RecQ helicase but functionally least studied, in telomere maintenance. RECQL1 associates with telomeres in ALT cells and actively resolves telomeric D-loops and Holliday junction substrates. RECQL1 physically and functionally interacts with telomere repeat-binding factor 2 that in turn regulates its helicase activity on telomeric substrates. The telomeric single-stranded binding protein, protection of telomeres 1 efficiently stimulates RECQL1 on telomeric substrates containing thymine glycol, a replicative blocking lesion. Loss of RECQL1 results in dysfunctional telomeres, telomere loss and telomere shortening, elevation of telomere sister-chromatid exchanges and increased aphidicolin-induced telomere fragility, indicating a role for RECQL1 in telomere maintenance. Further, our results indicate that RECQL1 may participate in the same pathway as WRN, probably in telomere replication.
The influence of rifle carriage on the kinetics of human gait (2008)

The influence that rifle carriage has on human gait has received little attention in the published literature. Rifle carriage has two main effects, to add load to the anterior of the body and to restrict natural arm swing patterns. Kinetic data were collected from 15 male participants, with 10 trials in each of four experimental conditions. The conditions were: walking without a load (used as a control condition); carrying a lightweight rifle simulator, which restricted arm movements but applied no additional load; wearing a 4.4 kg diving belt, which allowed arms to move freely; carrying a weighted (4.4 kg) replica SA80 rifle. Walking speed was fixed at 1.5 m/s (+/-5%) and data were sampled at 400 Hz. Results showed that rifle carriage significantly alters the ground reaction forces produced during walking, the most important effects being an increase in the impact peak and mediolateral forces. This study suggests that these effects are due to the increased range of motion of the body's centre of mass caused by the impeding of natural arm swing patterns. The subsequent effect on the potential development of injuries in rifle carriers is unknown.
Generation of aggrecan‐CreERT2 knockin mice for inducible Cre activity in adult cartilage (2009)

The function of cartilage in the adult is dependent on a host of regulatory molecules such as growth factors, extracellular matrix, enzymes, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. However, germline mutations in some genes that are expressed in adult cartilage lead to embryonic or perinatal lethality. To examine the function of these and other genes postnatally, we have generated a targeted mouse by homologous recombination that "knocks in" the inducible Cre recombinase construct, CreERT2, in the 3' untranslated region of the endogenous mouse aggrecan gene (Agc1(tm(IRES-creERT2))). The properties and efficiency of the inducible cre recombinase were tested by examining X-gal staining of tissues from embryos as well as growing and adult Agc1(tm(IRES-creERT2)/+);Rosa 26R mice. These mice were injected with the inducer, tamoxifen, at different time points during embryonic development and postnatally up to 6 months of age. Strong X-gal staining was observed in growth plate and articular cartilage as well as the fibrocartilage of meniscus, trachea, and intervertebral discs reproducing the pattern of endogenous aggrecan gene expression. In conclusion, we have generated a mouse model in which genes implicated in cartilage degenerative diseases can be inactivated in a spatial and temporal fashion in postnatal and adult mice.
Multiple Effector Functions Mediated by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Clones (2001)

Mounting evidence suggests that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-specific T helper cells contribute to effective antiviral control, but their functional characteristics and the precise epitopes targeted by this response remain to be defined. In this study, we generated CD4(+) T-cell clones specific for Gag from HIV-1-infected persons with vigorous Gag-specific responses detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Multiple peptides containing T helper epitopes were identified, including a minimal peptide, VHAGPIAG (amino acids 218 to 226), in the cyclophilin binding domain of Gag. Peptide recognition by all clones examined induced cell proliferation, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, and cytolytic activity. Cytolysis was abrogated by concanamycin A and EGTA but not brefeldin A or anti-Fas antibody, implying a perforin-mediated mechanism of cell lysis. Additionally, serine esterase release into the extracellular medium, a marker for cytolytic granules, was demonstrated in an antigen-specific, dose-dependent fashion. These data indicate that T helper cells can target multiple regions of the p24 Gag protein and suggest that cytolytic activity may be a component of the antiviral effect of these cells.