gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlamydial disease pathogenesis. The 57-kD chlamydial hypersensitivity antigen is a stress response protein. (1989)

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of humans is commonly a localized inflammation that can result in infertility, blindness, and perhaps arthritis. The pathogenic process(es) that cause these sequelae are thought to be immunological. A 57-kD protein that is common among Chlamydia elicits ocular inflammation when introduced onto the conjunctivae of guinea pigs or nonhuman primates previously sensitized by chlamydial infection. This protein is thought to mediate the immunopathology that follows chlamydial infection. To more thoroughly characterize this chlamydial component, we cloned its gene from a C. psittaci strain and identified a particular recombinant that produced the 57-kD polypeptide. The recombinant gene product was immunoreactive with a monospecific anti-57-kD serum, and elicited an ocular inflammation similar to that produced by the 57-kD antigen isolated from chlamydiae. Sequencing identified two ORFs that encode polypeptides of 11.2 and 58.1 kD and are co-transcribed. These two polypeptides show homology with Escherichia coli groE and Coxiella burnetii htp heat-shock proteins. Striking homology (greater than 50%) was found between the 57-kD protein and the HtpB, GroEL, 65-k Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Hsp60 proteins. Thus, the 57-kD chlamydial protein, previously implicated as mediating a deleterious immunologic response to chlamydial infections, is a stress-induced protein similar to those that occur universally in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Learning with Categorical Generative\n Adversarial Networks (2015)

In this paper we present a method for learning a discriminative classifier\nfrom unlabeled or partially labeled data. Our approach is based on an objective\nfunction that trades-off mutual information between observed examples and their\npredicted categorical class distribution, against robustness of the classifier\nto an adversarial generative model. The resulting algorithm can either be\ninterpreted as a natural generalization of the generative adversarial networks\n(GAN) framework or as an extension of the regularized information maximization\n(RIM) framework to robust classification against an optimal adversary. We\nempirically evaluate our method - which we dub categorical generative\nadversarial networks (or CatGAN) - on synthetic data as well as on challenging\nimage classification tasks, demonstrating the robustness of the learned\nclassifiers. We further qualitatively assess the fidelity of samples generated\nby the adversarial generator that is learned alongside the discriminative\nclassifier, and identify links between the CatGAN objective and discriminative\nclustering algorithms (such as RIM).\n
Metodología de evaluación del impacto en el riesgo de cambios en tiempos máximos de indisponibilidad de equipos de seguridad integrando tratamiento y análisis de incertidumbres (2013)

El trabajo presentado forma parte del Proyecto de Investigacion ENE2010-17449 dentro del Programa de
Energia del Programa Nacional de I+D+i del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion.
Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase. 6. Design of a Potent, Intratracheally Active, Pyridone-Based Trifluoromethyl Ketone (1995)

Further modification of the 3-amino substituent in a trifluoromethyl ketone-based series of 3-amino-6-phenylpyridin-2-ones that had been optimized for oral activity led to analogs that were potent intratracheal inhibitors in a model of HLE-induced lung damage in the hamster. The best 3-amino substituent for intratracheal activity is [4-[N-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-carbamoyl]phenyl]sulfonyl. At a 30 min prechallenge interval, compound 9, which incorporates this substituent, had an ED50 of approximately 2 nmol/animal and, qualitatively, afforded a very similar dose-response relationship to that found with a peptidic trifluoromethyl ketone inhibitor, ICI 200,355.
Articles : 통화정책과 커뮤니케이션 ; 금통위 의사결정이 미디어의 금리결정 보도에 미치는 영향 (2013)

본 논문은 중앙은행의 금리결정이 기대경로를 거쳐 일반대중에게 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 밝히고자 그 첫 번째 단계로서 중앙은행의 의사결정 행태가 미디어의 금리결정 보도에 어떻게 영향을 주는지를 분석했다. 분석 결과 금통위의 기준금리 변경(인상 및 인하) 결정은 동결에 비해 미디어의 금리정책 관련 보도분량을 유의하게 늘림을 확인할 수 있었다. 또 시장의 예상과 다르게 금리를 변경하는 경우의 충격효과는 금리인상의 경우와 인하의 경우에 비대칭적으로 나타났다. 즉, 충격적 금리인상은 예상된 금리인상에 비해 미디어의 주목을 오히려 덜 받았으나 충격적 금리인하는 예상된 인하에 비해 주목을 더 받았다. 또 한은 총재의 성향이 금리결정보도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 넣은 총재 더미변수의 경우에는 이성태 총재와 김중수총재 변수의 계수가 유의하게 양의 값을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 금융위기를 감안해도 변하지 않았다. 이 논문의 분석에서 도출할 수 있는 시사점은, 첫째, 미디어를 통한 금리결정의 공시효과는 목표금리를 동결할 때에 비해 변경시킬 때 훨씬 크고, 둘째, 시장의 예상과 다른 결정을 내림으로써 미디어를 통해 의도적으로 ‘충격효과’를 추구하는 것은 금리인상 때에는 효율적이지 않으며, 셋째, 총재의 커뮤니케이션 노력 그 자체가 미디어 및 대중의 기대형성에 영향을 줄 가능성이 존재한다는 것이다.
Challenges and Opportunities for Design Innovations in Nanometer Technologies (1998)

The driving force behind the spectacular advancement of the integrated circuit technology in the past thirty years has been the exponential scaling of the feature size, i.e., the minimum dimension of a transistor. It has been following the Moore&apos;s Law [1] at the rate of a factor of 0.7 reduction every three years. It is expected that such exponential scaling will continue for at least another 1012 years as projected in the recently published 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS&apos;97) [2] shown in Table 1. This will lead to over half a billion transistors integrated on a single chip with an operating frequency of 2-3 GHz in the 70nm technology by Year 2009. The challenges to sustain such an exponential growth to achieve gigascale integration have shifted in a large degree, however, from the process and manufacturing technologies to the design technology. A great deal of design innovation, in terms of both significant extension of
A convenient route to superoxide ion in aqueous solution (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient route to superoxide ion in aqueous solutionM. Steven McDowell, Andreja Bakac, and James H. EspensonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 5, 847–848Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00147a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00147a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selection of Galactose-Fermenting <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> in Lactose-Limited Chemostat Cultures (1984)

Stock cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus are essentially galactose negative (Gal). Although both galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase and uridine-5-diphospho-glucose 4-epimerase are present, suggesting that the genes for the Leloir pathway exist, cells cannot induce high levels of galactokinase. Therefore, galactose is largely excreted when cultures are grown on lactose, and most strains cannot be readily adapted to grow on free galactose. Gal cultures were grown in a chemostat under lactose limitation in which high concentrations of residual galactose were present. Under this selection pressure, Gal organisms eventually took over the culture with all four strains examined. Gal cells had induced galactokinase, and three of the four strains grew on free galactose with doubling times of 40 to 50 min. When Gal organisms were grown on lactose in batch culture, the galactose moiety was only partially utilized while lactose was still present. As lactose was exhausted, and catabolite repression was lifted, the Leloir pathway enzymes (especially galactokinase) were induced and the residual galactose fermented. Neither phospho-beta-galactosidase activity nor the enzymes of the d-tagatose 6-phosphate pathway were detected in S. thermophilus. In contrast to Streptococcus cremoris and Streptococcus lactis, fermentation was homolactic with galactose in batch cultures and with lactose limitation in the chemostat. When mixed Gal-Gal cultures were repeatedly transferred in milk, the Gal cells became the dominant cell type. The Gal phenotype of stock cultures probably reflects their prolonged maintenance in milk.
Pre-layout delay calculation specification for CMOS ASIC libraries (2002)

This paper describes the delay calculation method and the accuracy analysis of its interpolation for CMOS ASIC libraries which contain cell-based primitives and memories to be used during the pre-layout design phase of logic simulation, timing verification, and logic synthesis. The delay calculation method addressed in this paper is specified as IEC CDV 61523-2 standard which consists of the estimation of wire capacitance, and the delay calculation method based on a table look-up. Although the input to the delay calculator is net list and library parameters, the delay parameter part of the library has not been standardized because of its strong dependency on the delay calculation method. We, IEC/TC93/WG2/ALR group, specified it based on the EIAJ work. In IEC CDV 61523-2, we specified in detail a table look up calculation formula for CMOS ASIC library using a linear interpolation in the triangular area which is more accurate than the bilinear interpolation. In this paper, we overview the specification and provide the mathematical background for the interpolation.
Redox‐linked conformational changes in proteins detected by a combination of infrared spectroscopy and protein electrochemistry (1990)

We have developed a new technique for the study of redox‐linked conformational changes in proteins, by the combination of two established techniques. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy has been used together with direct electrochemistry of the protein at a modified metal electrode surface. The technique has been evaluated with cytochrome c , because of its well‐characterized electrochemistry and because the availability of X‐ray crystallographic and NMR studies of both redox states of the protein provides a reference against which our data can be compared. In electrochemical control experiments, it was confirmed that the spectroelectrochemical cell design allows fast, accurate and reproducible control of the redox poise of the protein. The resulting reducedminus‐oxidized infrared difference spectra show the changes in the frequencies and intensities of molecular vibrations which arise from the redox‐linked conformational change. In contrast to the absolute infrared spectra of proteins, such difference spectra can be sufficiently straightforward to allow interpretation at the level of individual bonds. A complete interpretation of the spectra is beyond the scope of the present paper: however, on the basis of the data presented, we are able to suggest assignments for all except one of the major bands between 1500 cm −1 and 1800 cm −1 .
50 Micron Pitch Wafer Level Packaging Testbed with Reworkable IC- Package Nano Interconnects (2005)

The decrease in feature sizes of micro-electronic devices has underlined the need for higher number of I/O's in order to increase its functionality. Being able to provide several fold increase in the chip-to-package vertical interconnect density is essential for garnering the true benefits of nanotechnology that will utilize nanoscale devices. This will spur greater interest in developing electronic packages with fine and ultra fine pitches (20-50 microns). Current approaches for chip to package interconnections are limited in terms of either pitch or electrical-mechanical trade-off in properties. For example, lead free solder interconnects fail mechanically as the pitch is brought down from current 200 micron pitch to 20 micron. Compliant leads, on the other hand, solve mechanical reliability but at the expense of electrical performance. We propose reworkable nano interconnects as a new interconnect paradigm for potential low cost, highest performance and reliability—not trading one for the other. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the first 50 micron pitch wafer level packaging test bed to demonstrate reworkable nano-interconnects. Nano-grained electroplated copper is chosen as the primary interconnect material. Reworkability was addressed by a thin, liquid lead-free solder interface between the interconnect and the package. The processing approaches for the electroplated Cu interconnect, Sn-Cu interface and the high-density substrate wiring are presented along with the simulated mechanical and electrical performance of the interconnects.
Demo: Tracking transit with EasyTracker (2011)

EasyTracker is an automated system that assists small public or private transit agencies in deploying bus tracking and arrival time prediction. This demo will showcase how data from GPS sensors embedded in smartphones can be automatically processed in order to accurately estimate routes, bus stop locations, schedules, and make annotated maps with real-time bus tracking and arrival time predictions. We will also demonstrate a website portal which transit agencies can use to further interact with their bus transit systems.
Adaptive Neural Networks for Efficient Inference (2017)

We present an approach to adaptively utilize deep neural networks in order to reduce the evaluation time on new examples without loss of accuracy. Rather than attempting to redesign or approximate existing networks, we propose two schemes that adaptively utilize networks. We first pose an adaptive network evaluation scheme, where we learn a system to adaptively choose the components of a deep network to be evaluated for each example. By allowing examples correctly classified using early layers of the system to exit, we avoid the computational time associated with full evaluation of the network. We extend this to learn a network selection system that adaptively selects the network to be evaluated for each example. We show that computational time can be dramatically reduced by exploiting the fact that many examples can be correctly classified using relatively efficient networks and that complex, computationally costly networks are only necessary for a small fraction of examples. We pose a global objective for learning an adaptive early exit or network selection policy and solve it by reducing the policy learning problem to a layer-by-layer weighted binary classification problem. Empirically, these approaches yield dramatic reductions in computational cost, with up to a 2.8x speedup on state-of-the-art networks from the ImageNet image recognition challenge with minimal (<1%) loss of top5 accuracy.
Image Analysis Algorithms for Immunohistochemical Assessment of Cell Death Events and Fibrosis in Tissue Sections (2009)

Cell death is of broad physiological and pathological importance, making quantification of biochemical events associated with cell demise a high priority for experimental pathology. Fibrosis is a common consequence of tissue injury involving necrotic cell death. Using tissue specimens from experimental mouse models of traumatic brain injury, cardiac fibrosis, and cancer, as well as human tumor specimens assembled in tissue microarray (TMA) format, we undertook computer-assisted quantification of specific immunohistochemical and histological parameters that characterize processes associated with cell death. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of image analysis algorithms for color deconvolution, colocalization, and nuclear morphometry to characterize cell death events in tissue specimens: (a) subjected to immunostaining for detecting cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, cleaved lamin-A, phosphorylated histone H2AX, and Bcl-2; (b) analyzed by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay to detect DNA fragmentation; and (c) evaluated with Masson's trichrome staining. We developed novel algorithm-based scoring methods and validated them using TMAs as a high-throughput format. The proposed computer-assisted scoring methods for digital images by brightfield microscopy permit linear quantification of immunohistochemical and histochemical stainings. Examples are provided of digital image analysis performed in automated or semiautomated fashion for successful quantification of molecular events associated with cell death in tissue sections.
PIPD, a new high‐modulus and high‐strength polymer fibre with exceptional fire protection properties (2002)

Abstract The development of the new high‐modulus and high‐strength fibre M5, made of poly{2,6‐diimidazo[4,5‐b: 4′,5′ ‐e]‐pyridinylene‐1,4(2,5‐dihydroxy)phenylene} or PIPD, has resulted in an organic polymer fibre with exceptional fire protection properties when compared with PBO, Twaron, Kevlar and Nomex fibres. The PIPD as‐spun fibre with a modulus of 150 GPa and a tensile strength of 2.5 GPa is a crystal hydrate containing 21 wt% water. Cone calorimeter measurements yielded a fire performance index (FPI) 20 times higher than Nomex, with extremely low value for the specific extinction area (SEA) characterizing the smoke formation. The PIPD‐HT fibre (recrystallized in an after treatment into the anhydrous crystalline structure) with a modulus >300 GPa and a strength >5 GPa has a FPI value similar to PBO but shows much less smoke formation than this fibre. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructured optical fibres: new opportunities for sensing (2000)

The novel properties possible in microstructured optical fibres present new alternatives for a range of sensing applications. We review applications such as gas sensing, ultra-broadband sources, new source wavelengths, rotational sensing and bend sensing.
MPLW515L Is a Novel Somatic Activating Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid (2006)

Background The JAK2V617F allele has recently been identified in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MF). Subsequent analysis has shown that constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway is an important pathogenetic event in these patients, and that enzymatic inhibition of JAK2V617F may be of therapeutic benefit in this context. However, a significant proportion of patients with ET or MF are JAK2V617F-negative. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might also occur as a consequence of activating mutations in certain hematopoietic-specific cytokine receptors, including the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), or the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR).
Synthesis of (.+-.)-dendrotrifidiol and its naturally occurring analogs. (1977)

Starting from (Z)-13-trimethylsilyl-9-tridecen-12-yn-1-ol (IVa), (±)-dendrotrifidiol (Ia), a new antifungal polyacetylenic compound from Dendropanax trifidus Makino, was first synthesized together with methyl (±) dendrotrifidate (Ic) and dendrotrifiolone acetate (IId). Their interconversions, stabilities and characteristic UV spectra are also discussed. Antifungal activities of synthetic racemic products were a little lower than those of optically active natural products.
Metabolic engineering of (2014)

Riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor of the flavin cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), is used commercially as an animal feed supplement and food colorant. E. coli is a robust host for various genetic manipulations and has been employed for efficient production of biofuels, polymers, amino acids, and bulk chemicals. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the metabolic capacity of E. coli for the riboflavin production by modification of central metabolism, riboflavin biosynthesis pathway and optimization of the fermentation conditions. The basic producer RF01S, in which the riboflavin biosynthesis genes ribABDEC from E. coli were overexpressed under the control of the inducible trc promoter, could accumulate 229.1 mg/L of riboflavin. Further engineering was performed by examining the impact of expression of zwf (encodes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and gnd (encodes 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) from Corynebacterium glutamicum and pgl (encodes 6-phosphogluconolactonase) from E. coli on riboflavin production. Deleting pgi (encodes glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) and genes of Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway successfully redirected the carbon flux into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and overexpressing the acs (encodes acetyl-CoA synthetase) reduced the acetate accumulation. These modifications increased riboflavin production to 585.2 mg/L. By further modulating the expression of ribF (encodes riboflavin kinase) for reducing the conversion of riboflavin to FMN in RF05S, the final engineering strain RF05S-M40 could produce 1036.1 mg/L riboflavin in LB medium at 37°C. After optimizing the fermentation conditions, strain RF05S-M40 produced 2702.8 mg/L riboflavin in the optimized semi-defined medium, which was a value nearly 12-fold higher than that of RF01S, with a yield of 137.5 mg riboflavin/g glucose. The engineered strain RF05S-M40 has the highest yield among all reported riboflavin production strains in shake flask culture. This work collectively demonstrates that E. coli has a potential to be a microbial cell factory for riboflavin bioproduction.
Machine Learning: A Review (2020)

In today’s scenario, big number of data is generated` everywhere.Consequently, using these data we can make valuable information andfind useful data we generate a sufficient algorithm. The algorithm whichwe wrote is called data mining or machine learning. Machine learningis an intensity subpart of AI, and AI is used to create the algorithm byusing previous data. In today’s world, Machine learning is used in manyfields such as bioinformatics, intrusion detection, Information retrieval,game playing, marketing, malware detection, image convolution andso on. This paper gives info about the component of machine learning.
Computer Buses a Tutorial (1984)

The major issues of bus design are illuminated in this easy-to-understand introduction to computer buses-the communication paths that are revolutionizing interactions between microprocessor systems.