gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Composition Grading of Quaternary ZnCdSSe Alloy Nanowires with Tunable Light Emission between 350 and 710 nm on a Single Substrate (2010)

We demonstrated a general methodology of growing spatially composition-controlled alloys by combining spatial source reagent gradient with a temperature gradient. Using this dual gradient method, we achieved for the first time a continuous spatial composition grading of single-crystal quaternary Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S(y)Se(1-y) alloy nanowires over the complete band gap range along the length of a substrate. The band gap grading spans between 3.55 eV (ZnS) and 1.75 eV (CdSe) on a single substrate, with the corresponding light emission over the entire visible spectrum. We also showed that the dual gradient method can be extended to achieve alloy composition control in two spatial dimensions. The unique material platform achieved will open a wide range of applications from color engineered display and lighting, full spectrum solar cells, multispectral detectors, or spectrometer on-a-chip to superbroadly tunable nanolasers. The growth methodology can be extended more generally to other alloy systems.
Study of haze in 193nm high dose irradiated CaF 2 crystals (2009)

Crystalline calcium fluoride is one of the key materials for 193 nm lithography and is used for laser optics, beam delivery system optics and stepper/scanner optics. Laser damage occurs, when light is absorbed, creating defects in the crystal. Haze is known as a characteristic optical defect after high dose irradiation of CaF<sub>2</sub> - an agglomeration of small scattering and absorbing centers. In order to prevent unnecessary damage of optical components, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of laser damage, the origin of haze and the factors that serve to prevent it. Stabilized M centers were described as reversible absorbing defects in CaF<sub>2</sub>, which can be annealed by lamp or laser irradiation. In this study the irreversible defects created by 193 nm laser irradiation were investigated.
Regulation of Gi and G,, by Mastoparan, Related Amphiphilic Peptides, and Hydrophobic Amines (1990)

Mastoparan (MP), a cationic, amphiphilic tetradecapeptide, stimuIates guanine nucleotide exchange by GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) in a manner similar to that of G protein-coupled receptors. 1) MP stimulated exchange by isolated G protein a subunits and @y trimers. Relative stimuIation was greater with aj3~ trimers and fly subunits could increase net MP-stimuIated activity. 2) MP action was enhanced by reconstitution of trimeric G protein into phospholipid vesicles. Hill coefficients for activation were 24. The membrane-bound a-helical conformation of MP appeared to be the activating species. 3) MP blocked the ability of G0 to increase the affinity of muscarinic receptors for agonist ligands, suggesting that MP and the receptor may compete for a common binding site on GO. 4) MP stimulated steady state GTPase activity at cl pM Mg*+ and stimulated the dissociation of both GDP and guanosine 5’-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) at <l nM Mg2+. Millimolar Mg2+ blocked the stimulatory effect of MP. Both high and low affinity Mg2+ binding sites are on the a subunit. 5) Increasing the amphiphilicity or hydrophobicity of MP enhanced its regulatory activity more than 2-fold and lowered the EC60 more than lo-fold. Several natural amphiphilic peptides also displayed modest stimulatory activity. 6) Benzalkonium chIoride competitively antagonized the stimulation of Gi by MP but potentIy stimulated nucleotide exchange on GO. Because cationic, amphiphilic sequences on the cytoplasmic faces of receptors are required for G protein regulation, these findings suggest that nucleotide exchange on G proteins is regulated by the presentation of multiple cationic structures on the inner face of the plasma membrane.
Permeability of the Normal Round Window Membrane to Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Endotoxin (1992)

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with otitis media may be due to passage of ototoxic substances such as bacterial toxins and antibiotics, from the middle ear into the inner ear. The round window membrane is the most likely route for such transport. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of endotoxin passage through the normal round window membrane. The round window membranes of 19 chinchillas were exposed in vivo to Gelfoam soaked in purified Haemophilus influenzae type b endotoxin at a concentration of 45,000 endotoxin units per ml (EU/ml) during 3 to 24 h. Endotoxin levels in the perilymph were measured with Limulus Amaebocyte Lysate or Quantitative Chromogenic Limulus Amaebocyte Lysate. Endotoxin was detected in half of the inner ears at concentrations close to the detection limit (approximately 4 EU/ml). The results suggest that the normal round window membrane efficiently protects the inner ear against the passage of bacterial endotoxins from the middle ear cavity. It is unlikely that endotoxin at concentrations found in the middle ear secretion during otitis media can traverse the round window membrane in sufficient amount to cause inner ear deterioration.
Differential inhibition of two molecular forms of melanoma cell plasminogen activator by a placental inhibitor (1984)

The inhibitory effect of a placental urokinase inhibitor on the one- and two-chain form of melanoma cell derived plasminogen activator (PA) was investigated. The melanoma cell PA has been shown to be similar to or identical with the PA found in normal tissue. With constant concentration of placental inhibitor the rate of inhibition of the two-chain form was fast in contrast to that of the one-chain form. With constant incubation time but increasing concentrations of the placental inhibitor the two-chain form was inactivated to a greater extent at lower concentrations of placental inhibitor than was the one-chain form. The increased reactivity of the two-chain form of melanoma PA compared to the single-chain form may explain the role of tissue PA in achieving high local concentrations of PA activity which facilitate selective fibrin clot lysis.
Molecular Dynamics of the Neuronal EF-Hand Ca2+-Sensor Caldendrin (2014)

Caldendrin, L-and S-CaBP1 are CaM-like Ca 2+ -sensors with different N-termini that arise from alternative splicing of the Caldendrin/CaBP1 gene and that appear to play an important role in neuronal Ca 2+ -signaling. In this paper we show that Caldendrin is abundantly present in brain while the shorter splice isoforms L-and S-CaBP1 are not detectable at the protein level. Caldendrin binds both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ with a global K d in the low mM range. Interestingly, the Mg 2+ -binding affinity is clearly higher than in S-CaBP1, suggesting that the extended N-terminus might influence Mg 2+ -binding of the first EF-hand. Further evidence for intra-and intermolecular interactions of Caldendrin came from gel-filtration, surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering and FRET assays. Surprisingly, Caldendrin exhibits very little change in surface hydrophobicity and secondary as well as tertiary structure upon Ca 2+ -binding to Mg 2+ -saturated protein. Complex inter-and intramolecular interactions that are regulated by Ca 2+ -binding, high Mg 2+ -and low Ca 2+ -binding affinity, a rigid first EF-hand domain and little conformational change upon titration with Ca 2+ of Mg 2+ -liganted protein suggest different modes of binding to target interactions as compared to classical neuronal Ca 2+ -sensors.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote systemic sclerosis with a key role for TLR8 (2018)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem life-threatening fibrosing disorder that lacks effective treatment. The link between the inflammation observed in organs such as the skin and profibrotic mechanisms is not well understood. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is a key cell type mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced inflammation in autoimmune disease patients, including lupus and skin diseases with interface dermatitis. However, the role of pDCs in fibrosis is less clear. We show that pDCs infiltrate the skin of SSc patients and are chronically activated, leading to secretion of interferon-α (IFN-α) and CXCL4, which are both hallmarks of the disease. We demonstrate that the secretion of CXCL4 is under the control of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and is due to the aberrant presence of TLR8 on pDCs of SSc patients, which is not seen in healthy donors or in lupus pDCs, and that CXCL4 primarily acts by potentiating TLR8- but also TLR9-induced IFN production by pDCs. Depleting pDCs prevented disease in a mouse model of scleroderma and could revert fibrosis in mice with established disease. In contrast, the disease was exacerbated in mice transgenic for TLR8 with recruitment of pDCs to the fibrotic skin, whereas TLR7 only partially contributed to the inflammatory response, indicating that TLR8 is the key RNA-sensing TLR involved in the establishment of fibrosis. We conclude that the pDC is an essential cell type involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and its removal using depleting antibodies or attenuating pDC function could be a novel approach to treat SSc patients.
Neurocognitive Change in the Era of HIV Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: The Longitudinal CHARTER Study (2014)

NC change is common in HIV infection and appears to be driven by a complex set of risk factors involving HIV disease, its treatment, and comorbid conditions.
New experimental challenges for the theorist in reaction kinetics (2009)

The purpose of this (essentially non-technical) paper is to call attention to a number of recent experimental developments, mainly in the field of molecular beam kinetics, which provide sufficient new detail regarding the microscopic dynamics of reactive collisions to warrant serious theoretical consideration. In order to limit the scope of the paper, attention is confined to systems involving neutral atoms and simple molecules in binary collision.
Mechanism for Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nucleoside and Acyclonucleoside Analogues of Benzimidazole (1989)

Abstract A study has been made of a broad series of nucleosides and acyclonucleosides of a variety of benzimidazole analogues. Quantitative kinetic data are presented, and the mechanism of the reactions described, taking into account steric, electronic and conformational effects. The overall results are also compared with those of purine nucleosides.
Novel auto‐photosensitive polyimides with tailored properties (1992)

Abstract An overview is given on auto‐photosensitive polyimides as introduced for the first time in 1985. It is shown how development proceeded and how the chemical basis of auto‐photosensitive polyimides was extended beyond BTDA. Novel “photosensitizer tetracarboxylic dianhydrides” like 2,3,6,7‐thioxanthonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (TXDA) were synthesized and copolymerized into preimidized nonphotoactive polyimides containing tetracarboxylic acids like 6FDA or ODPA. Novel photosensitive polyimides were obtained that carry all essential features of BTDA based systems plus higher photospeed. They provide the ability to better tailor material properties to specific applications.
Estrogen Receptors: Therapies Targeted to Receptor Subtypes (2010)

Over the past two decades, we have learned that estrogens play important physiological roles not only in women but also in men and that the biological effects of estrogen are mediated by not one but two distinct estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. Our appreciation of the physiological importance of estrogen and the mechanisms by which it acts has significantly increased over the years; however, we are only now beginning to decipher the roles of ERα and ERβ in different organs and to elucidate how selective ligands, acting through either of the two ERs, can prevent or treat various age- or sex-specific diseases. The specific roles of ERα and ERβ and the therapeutic potential of ER subtype-selective agonists in bone and metabolic homeostasis, depression, vasomotor symptoms, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer are reviewed herein. It must be stated, however, that appropriate clinical studies are necessary to validate these compounds as agents for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
All-optical 40 Gbit/s NRZ to RZ format conversion by nonlinear polarisation rotation in SOAs (2007)

Error-free all-optical 40 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to return-to-zero (RZ) format conversion using nonlinear polarisation rotation in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is demonstrated. The high bit rate operation of the devices is achieved by incorporating an SOA-based turbo-switch.
Elastic deformation in tendons and myotendinous tissue: measurement by phase-contrast MR imaging. (1994)

Measurement of tendon and myotendinous stretch during movement may provide insight into tendon ability to store energy and a means of noninvasive measurement of muscle force.
Enhanced Intracoronary Thrombolysis With Urokinase Using a Novel, Local Drug Delivery System (1995)

Local urokinase delivery with the Dispatch catheter can result in rapid and complete intracoronary thrombolysis using substantially less drug than standard thrombolytic techniques. Intramural deposition of drug with this technique creates a local reservoir of urokinase that may provide prolonged thrombolytic activity at the infusion site.
Jet ring cell: a tool for flow injection spectroscopy and microscopy on a renewable solid support (1993)

A new flow cell design for spectroscopic measurements of suspensions, the jet ring cell, is introduced. This cell exploits radial flow through a narrow ring-shaped gap to retain suspended particles within the detection region. This ring constitutes a detection volume of well-defined area from which the trapped particles can be instantaneously removed at will. The bed of particles thus forms a renewable surface, which can be probed by reflectance, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence using a microscope or optical fiber. This device should prove useful for microscopic study of cells, for automated immunoassays, and for preconcentration of analytes on sorbents with in situ spectroscopic detection. In conjunction with a fiber optic detection system, the jet ring cell becomes a component of a renewable chemical sensor system.
Surface plasmon enhanced SHG from a hemicyanine monolayer (1986)

Surface plasmon enhancement of second-harmonic generation has been investigated in a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer of a hemicyanine dye deposited on a silver substrate. Measurements are reported for different thicknesses of silver. The signals obtained were 103 times larger than the corresponding results without enhancement. The second-harmonic signal from the dye monolayer, which is 50 times larger than that from silver alone, is analysed in terms of an effective surface second-order susceptibility. This is compared with previous estimates. The results are discussed with references to film uniformity and to the general aspects of guided mode second-harmonic generation.
Controlling spatial attention without central attentional resources: Evidence from event-related potentials (2010)

The present study examined whether the control of spatial attention requires central attentional resources using a modified Psychological Refractory Period paradigm. We varied across experiments whether Task 1 was a two- or four-choice speeded task and whether it was auditory or visual. Task 2 (unspeeded response) was to identify a visual letter in a specific target colour, while ignoring letters in other colours. We measured the N2pc effect (reflecting lateralized attentional allocation) elicited by Task 2 as a function of the stimulus–onset asynchrony (SOA) between Task 1 and Task 2. The question was whether spatial attention could shift to the Task 2 stimulus at short SOAs, while central attention was still allocated to Task 1. For the two-choice Task 1, Task 2 elicited a strong N2pc effect (indicating capture) even at short SOAs, regardless of whether Task 1 was auditory (Experiment 1) or visual (Experiment 2). But for the four-choice Task 1, the N2pc effect elicited by Task 2 was attenuated strongly at short SOAs, both for the visual Task 1 (Experiment 3) and the auditory Task 1 (Experiment 4). N2pc attenuation was also observed in Experiment 5, which mapped four auditory stimuli onto two responses for Task 1. This finding suggests that the attenuation is due to the difficulty of stimulus classification on Task 1, not the number of responses. Experiment 6 showed that the attenuation of N2pc effect on Task 2 was due to central operations on Task 1, not the mere presence of the Task 1 stimulus. We propose that controlling spatial attention without central resources is possible, but the quality of attentional settings degrades if concurrent tasks impose a sufficiently great load on working memory (especially the load related to stimulus classifications).
THE ACTION OF HISTOLOGICAL FIXATIVES ON TISSUE LIPIDS. COMPARISON OF THE ACTION OF SEVERAL FIXATIVES USING PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY (1961)

A simple procedure to obtain information on the influence of fixatives on tissue lipids is described. The action of several histological fixatives on tissue lipids was investigated by extraction of the lipids from fixed tissues followed by analysis of the extracts by paper chromatography. Primary fixatives as well as fixative mixtures were investigated. Formaldehyde reacts very fast with phosphatidylethanolamine; other lipids are attacked gradually. The greater part of the lipids become insoluble under influence of dichromate and chromic acid. The still extractable part consists mainly of oxidation products. Osmium tetroxide immobilises most lipids in fresh and in formaldehyde fixed tissues. Mercuric chloride is shown to react with several lipid components, possibly by formation of addition complexes with highly unsaturated fatty acid chains. The fixative mixtures additively display the actions of the individual components; the chemically reactive components tend to dominate the results.
Dual-Polarized Hexaferrite Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Applications (2013)

An antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless communication requires reliable communication, small size, and light weight. Therefore, dual-polarization and dipole-like radiation characteristics are desired to avoid discontinuous communication. In this letter, we demonstrate that a planar dual-polarized Co <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{2}$</tex> </formula> Z hexaferrite antenna is applicable for UAV wireless communication. In order to reduce the size of antenna, Co <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{2}$</tex></formula> Z hexaferrite substrates were used. Furthermore, ground plane and feedline were designed to achieve good isolation, which is an important factor to realize a dual-polarized antenna.
A peptide derived from the C‐terminus of <scp>PB</scp>1 inhibits influenza virus replication by interfering with viral polymerase assembly (2012)

Efficient assembly of the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a heterotrimeric complex formed by three subunits (PA, PB1 and PB2) is critical for virus replication and pathogenicity. Therefore, interfering with the assembly of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex could offer novel and effective anti-influenza therapeutics. In the present study, we show that a short peptide derived from amino acids 731-757 of PB1 (PB1(731-757)) can disrupt the interaction between the C-terminal part of PB1 (denoted as PB1c corresponding to PB1(676-757)) and the N-terminal part of PB2 (denoted as PB2n corresponding to PB2(1-40) ). We further show that PB1(731-757) is capable of inhibiting viral polymerase activity and viral replication. Interestingly, we find that PB1(731-757) interacts with PB1c rather than PB2n. Furthermore, mutational analyses show that the hydrophobic sites of PB1c play an essential role in the PB1c-PB1(731-757) interaction. The characterization of the inhibitory effect of PB1(731-757) on viral polymerase activity and viral replication could offer a potential target for anti-influenza drug development.
Robotic Office Room to support office work by human behavior understanding function with networked machines (1996)

This paper proposes a novel human-robot symbiosis system named a Robotic Office Room (ROR). The understanding, recording and retrieving of telephone call behavior are successfully demonstrated as a typical example of an office work-supporting function of ROR. A unique object model is proposed, which accumulates information concerning motion of the object. This model enables the system to understand human behavior, not by monitoring the motion of the human, but by monitoring the motion of the object-typically, a telephone or pen. Since the model requires the system to pay spatial and temporal attention only to the target object and related motions, it saves computing power. Repertoires of understandable behavior can easily be expanded by simply adding new object models. The ROR is equipped with networked machines. The concept of "ubiquitous link" consisting of unique image channels and remote control channels is proposed. The image channel and the remote control channel utilize TV images and either ultrasonic waves or infrared rays, respectively. Such cooperative support of humans by networked machines is realized that when a human starts to talk on the phone, the ROR not only starts to record the image of the human's behavior, utilizing a VCR, but also turns down the volume on an audio set. The experiment proved the feasibility of the ROR as an integrated robotic system to support human office work.
A handheld, cell phone-based electrochemical biodetector (2013)

We present a handheld, biomolecular detector based on a cell phone platform. This prototype integrates a conventional smart phone with a custom electrical circuit and a microfluidic chip, which enables a portable, lightweight biodetection system. An electrochemical detection scheme is utilized, allowing for rapid (<; 20 min), high sensitivity, analytical measurements. As proof of concept, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) was detected in buffer solution, with a lower limit of detection of 16 ng/mL. Based on its compact size and high performance characteristics, this cell phone biodetector is highly suitable for use in remote locations for multiple applications including disease diagnosis, water quality monitoring and pathogen/toxin detection.
Forward-Projection Architecture for Fast Iterative Image Reconstruction in X-Ray CT (2012)

Iterative image reconstruction can dramatically improve the image quality in X-ray computed tomography (CT), but the computation involves iterative steps of 3D forward- and back-projection, which impedes routine clinical use. To accelerate forward-projection, we analyze the CT geometry to identify the intrinsic parallelism and data access sequence for a highly parallel hardware architecture. To improve the efficiency of this architecture, we propose a water-filling buffer to remove pipeline stalls, and an out-of-order sectored processing to reduce the off-chip memory access by up to three orders of magnitude. We make a floating-point to fixed-point conversion based on numerical simulations and demonstrate comparable image quality at a much lower implementation cost. As a proof of concept, a 5-stage fully pipelined, 55-way parallel separable-footprint forward-projector is prototyped on a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA for a throughput of 925.8 million voxel projections/s at 200 MHz clock frequency, 4.6 times higher than an optimized 16-threaded program running on an 8-core 2.8-GHz CPU. A similar architecture can be applied to back-projection for a complete iterative image reconstruction system. The proposed algorithm and architecture can also be applied to hardware platforms such as graphics processing unit and digital signal processor to achieve significant accelerations.