gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting outcome in poor-grade patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective review of 159 aggressively managed cases (1996)

To determine what factors predict outcome, the authors retrospectively reviewed the management of all 159 poor-grade patients admitted to Harborview Medical Center at the University of Washington who suffered aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 1983 and 1993. Favorable outcome (assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale) occurred in 53.9% of Hunt and Hess Grade IV, and 24.1% of Grade V patients. Outcome was largely determined by the initial hemorrhage and subsequent development of intractable intracranial hypertension or cerebral infraction. Using multivariate analysis, the authors developed three models to predict outcome. It was found that predicting outcome based only on clinical and diagnostic criteria present at admission may have resulted in withholding treatment from 30% of the patients who subsequently experienced favorable outcomes. It is concluded that aggressive management including surgical aneurysm obliteration can benefit patients with poor neurological grades and should not be denied solely on the basis of the neurological condition on admission.
Isomeric structures of protonated ozone: A theoretical study (1980)

Abstract Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been used to determine the structure of protonated ozone. Four stable minima were found on the O 3 H + singlet potential energy surface. Three forms correspond to ozone protonated at the central oxygen (C 2 v ) or at the terminal oxygen (two C s isomers, E and Z ). The fourth isomer (C s ) is a derivative of trioxirane. The most stable structure is the planar E form I. The proton affinity of ozone (to give I) is given as 123.6 kcal/mole (MP2/6‐31G*//4‐31G). The energy difference between I and protonated trioxirane VI is greater than that between ozone and trioxirane.
P2X<sub>4</sub> receptors mediate ATP-induced calcium influx in human vascular endothelial cells (2000)

ATP induces Ca(2+) influx across the cell membrane and activates release from intracellular Ca(2+) pools in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Ca(2+) signaling leads to the modification of a variety of EC functions, including the production of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin. However, the molecular mechanisms for ATP-induced Ca(2+) influx in ECs have not been thoroughly clarified. Here we demonstrate evidence that a P2X(4) receptor for an ATP-gated cation channel is predominantly expressed in human ECs and is involved in the ATP-induced Ca(2+) influx. Northern blot analysis distinctly showed the expression of P2X(4) mRNA in human ECs cultured from the umbilical vein, aorta, pulmonary artery, and skin microvessels. Competitive PCR revealed that P2X(4) mRNA expression was much higher in ECs than was the expression of other subtypes, including P2X(1), P2X(3), P2X(5), and P2X(7). Treatment of ECs with antisense oligonucleotides designed to target the P2X(4) receptor decreased the P2X(4) mRNA and protein levels to approximately 25% of control levels and markedly prevented the ATP-induced Ca(2+) influx.
Ordered aggregates of ultrafine iron oxide particles: ‘Super crystals’ (1989)

Abstract Ultrafine iron oxide particles with a mean diameter of 6.9 nm and a very narrow size distribution have been studied by electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electron micrographs and electron diffraction patterns show that the particles form ‘super crystals’, that is, three-dimensional ordered close-packed structures, with a nearest neighbour distance of 9.1 nm.
Reconfigurable Wireless Power Transfer Systems With High Energy Efficiency Over Wide Load Range (2017)

Optimum energy efficiency in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system usually occurs only at a specific load value while the load such as a battery is normally not constant. A major challenge in WPT is, therefore, to achieve high energy efficiency over a wide load range. Previously, impedance transformation methods such as dc-dc converters and use of a relay coil have been used to transform the practical load resistance to the optimum (or near-optimum) value. In this paper, a new approach based on reconfigurable magnetic resonant structures is proposed to achieve high energy efficiency and low volt-amp ratings. This basic principle is to create more than one efficiency-load curve. The WPT system is controlled to be operated within the top regions of the energy efficiency curves of the reconfigurable circuits so that high energy efficiency can be achieved over a very wide load range. The principle of this new approach is explained with an analysis and verified with practical measurements.
Autoxidation of alkylnaphthalenes. 2. Inhibition of the autoxidation of n-hexadecane at 160.degree.C (1992)

The rate of the self-initiated autoxidation of hexadecane at 160 °C under 760 Torr of O 2 is reduced by the addition of submolar concentrations of naphthalene or alkylnaphthalene. The kinetics of these (alkyl)naphthalene-modulated, self-initiated hexadecane autoxidations have been examined by monitoring hydroperoxide concentrations. Under similar conditions, the extent of the rate retardation is essentially identical for equal concentrations of naphthalene and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene (and 2-sec-butylnaphthalene), which proves that retardation is due to chemistry associated with the naphthalene moiety. It is shown that the (alkyl)naphthalene produces both an increase in the rate constant for a bimolecular, peroxyl + peroxyl chain-termination process and a kinetically-first-order chain-termination reaction. Both of these termination processes are attributed to an initial addition of hexadecylperoxyl radicals to the naphthalene ring. Reaction of the resultant peroxycydohexadienyl radical with O 2 produces the HOO • radical which is responsible for the increase in the rate constant for bimolecular termination. Unimolecular decomposition of the peroxycyclohexadienyl radical yields hexadecanol and an (alkyl)naphthoxyl radical, the latter being responsible for the kinetically-first-order termination process. A simplified scheme of 17 elementary reactions yields a kinetic expression which, via computer modeling, is shown to give a very satisfactory agreement between calculated and measured hydroperoxide yields under all experimental conditions surveyed. This simulation yields a rate constant k 19 of ∼70 M -1 s -1 for the addition of hexadecylperoxyl radicals to (alkyl)naphthalenes at 160 °C, a value which may be compared with the estimated rate constant for hydrogen abstraction from 1- or 2-methylnaphthalene under similar conditions, viz., k 15 = 34 M -1 s -1. The simulation also gives a satisfactory agreement between calculated and measured yields of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. That the naphthalene ring was oxidatively cleaved under the experimental conditions was demonstrated by the identification of phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride following the addition of naphthalene or a methylnaphthalene to autoxidizing hexadecane. Both 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene also yielded 2-acetylbenzoic acid. The possible mechanisms by which these naphthalene ring-cleaved products are formed are discussed.
Consideration for the Safe and Effective Manufacturing of Antibody-drug Conjugates (2013)

Antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging class of biotherapeutics that require unique supporting infrastructure to meet bio/ pharmaceutical industry standards for safe, effective, and reliable manufacturing. These highly potent biopharmaceuticals present a series of unique manufacturing challenges driven by their potency and raw material supply chain. Facility design must take into consideration these manufacturing challenges to ensure employee safety and robust process performance. The concepts addressed in this article convey the experience gained by Lonza during our years working with this class of biotherapeutics.
Monitoring resonant frequencies and damping values of an offshore wind turbine in parked conditions (2014)

This study shows the first results of a long‐term monitoring campaign on an offshore wind turbine in the Belgian North Sea. It focuses on the continuous monitoring of the resonant frequencies and damping values of the most dominant modes of the support structure. These parameters allow to better understand the dynamics of offshore wind turbines and are crucial in the fatigue assessment during the design phase. They can also help to minimise operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and to assess the lifetime of the offshore wind turbines structures during their operation. To do an accurate continuous monitoring of these parameters, a state‐of‐the‐art operational modal analysis technique has been automated, so that no human‐interaction is required and the system can track small changes in the dynamic behaviour of the offshore wind turbine. The study will analyse the resonant frequencies and damping values of the most dominant modes shapes while the wind turbine is in parked conditions.
Developmental control of H<sup>+</sup>/amino acid permease gene expression during seed development of <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1998)

Long distance transport of amino acids is mediated by several families of differentially expressed amino acid transporters. The two genes AAP1 and AAP2 encode broad specificity H(+)-amino acid co-transporters and are expressed to high levels in siliques of Arabidopsis, indicating a potential role in supplying the seeds with organic nitrogen. The expression of both genes is developmentally controlled and is strongly induced in siliques at heart stage of embryogenesis, shortly before induction of storage protein genes. Histochemical analysis of transgenic plants expressing promoter-GUS fusions shows that the genes have nonoverlapping expression patterns in siliques. AAP1 is expressed in the endosperm and the cotyledons whereas AAP2 is expressed in the vascular strands of siliques and in funiculi. The endosperm expression of AAP1 during early stages of seed development indicates that the endosperm serves as a transient storage tissue for organic nitrogen. Amino acids are transported in both xylem and phloem but during seed filling are imported only via the phloem. AAP2, which is expressed in the phloem of stems and in the veins supplying seeds, may function in uptake of amino acids assimilated in the green silique tissue, in the retrieval of amino acids leaking passively out of the phloem and in xylem-to-phloem transfer along the path. The promoters provide excellent tools to study developmental, hormonal and metabolic control of nitrogen nutrition during development and may help to manipulate the timing and composition of amino acid import into seeds.
Response of perennial ryegrass, prairie grass, and browntop to the growth retardant, mefluidide (1983)

Abstract The efficacy of the synthetic growth retardant mefluidide in reducing grass sward yield is affected by the interactions of plant species, chemical, and environmental factors. This field study examines the effect of mefluidide on the growth and development of 3 grass species; perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.), prairie grass ( Bromus catharticus Varth.), and browntop ( Agrostis tenuis Sibth.). All 3 species were significantly retarded for up to 8 weeks by a single application of mefluidide at 0.5 kg/ha or higher. Both vegetative and reproductive development were suppressed by mefluidide. Some mefluidide‐induced phytotoxicity was observed, particularly in the finer‐leaved browntop species. In a second field experiment, the timing of mefluidide application was noted to have a significant effect on efficacy. Early spring applications during September were the most effective, although significant retardation of grass growth was also observed following later applications in October.
P-N Junction Charge-Storage Diodes (1962)

The design theory for a new range of p-n junction applications is presented. The applications include pulse generation, wave shaping, and harmonic generation. The diodes are characterized by a very abrupt interruption of reverse current in the turn-off transient and are approximately ideal nonlinear capacitors. The abrupt interruption of current in the reverse transient is related to the impurity profile in the junction. An estimate is given of the duration of the abrupt phase. In addition, the role of parasitic elements such as inductance, capacitance, and series resistance is discussed in relation to a particular representative circuit. In typical cases, the abrupt turn-off phase lasts for a time of the order of 10-9 sec. Transitions in excess of 100 v or an ampere are readily obtained.
Novel prenyltransferase gene encoding farnesylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, <i>Aeropyrum pernix</i> (2000)

Prenyltransferases catalyse sequential condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphates. Previously, we reported the presence of farnesylgeranyl diphosphate (FGPP) synthase activity synthesizing C25 isoprenyl diphosphate in Natronobacterium pharaonis which is a haloalkaliphilic archaeon having C20-C25 diether lipids in addition to C20-C20 diether lipids commonly occurring in archaea [Tachibana, A. (1994) FEBS Lett. 341, 291-294]. Recently, it was found that a newly isolated aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix, had only C25-C25 diether lipids, not the usual C20-containing lipids [Morii, H., Yagi, H., Akutsu, H., Nomura, N., Sako, Y. & Koga, Y. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1436, 426-436]. In this report, we describe the isoloation from A. pernix of the novel prenyltransferase gene, fgs, encoding FGPP synthase. The protein encoded by fgs was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and produced FGPP as a final product. Phylogenetic analysis of fgs with other prenyltransferases revealed that the short-chain prenyltransferase family is divided into three subfamilies: bacterial subfamily I, eukaryotic subfamily II, and archaeal subfamily III. fgs is clearly contained within the archaeal geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase group (subfamily III), suggesting that FGPP synthase evolved from an archaeal GGPP synthase with an alteration in product specificity.
Breast cancer proteomics reveals correlation between estrogen receptor status and differential phosphorylation of PGRMC1 (2008)

PGRMC1 phosphorylation may be involved in the clinical differences that underpin breast tumors of differing ER status.
Using part-of-speech patterns to reduce query ambiguity (2002)

Query ambiguity is a generally recognized problem, particularly in Web environments where queries are commonly only one or two words in length. In this study, we explore one technique that finds commonly occurring patterns of parts of speech near a one-word query and allows them to be transformed into clarification questions. We use a technique derived from statistical language modeling to show that the clarification queries will reduce ambiguity much of the time, and often quite substantially.
Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens: Sulfhydryl‐Dependent Proteolytic Activity<sup>1</sup> (1985)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) activated proteolytic enzymes present in extracts of Entamoeba histolytica and E. invadens; SDS (0.5%) and 2-ME (1.4 and 715 mM) doubled the enzymatic activity when assayed on a stained insoluble substrate. Urea (4 M) did not reduce this activity, suggesting that amebic proteases are stable in the above denaturant conditions. Specific reagents for sulfhydryl (-SH) groups completely inhibited proteolytic activity regardless of pH. Inhibition with alkylating agents, such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide, was reversed with 715 mM 2-ME as was also observed with papain. We conclude from these results that the main proteolytic enzymes contained in extracts of E. histolytica and E. invadens are dependent on free thiol groups.
Mechanism of action of diet as a carcinogen (1978)

Stomach cancer in the U.S. has decreased over the last 50 years. It is still a major type of neoplasm in Japan, Eastern and Northern Europe and parts of Latin America. Current concepts suggest that the reduction of gastric cancer in the U.S. stems from an increased consumption of foods with Vitamin C on a year round basis which is shown to antagonize the formation of putative gastric carcinogens.
Tuberculosis Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities: Environmental Control and Personal Protection (2016)

Transmission of tuberculosis (TB) is a recognized risk to patients and healthcare workers in healthcare settings. The literature review suggests that implementation of combination control measures reduces the risk of TB transmission. Guidelines suggest a three-level hierarchy of controls including administrative, environmental, and respiratory protection. Among environmental controls, installation of ventilation systems is a priority because ventilation reduces the number of infectious particles in the air. Natural ventilation is cost-effective but depends on climatic conditions. Supplemented intervention such as air-cleaning methods including high efficiency particulate air filtration and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation should be considered in areas where adequate ventilation is difficult to achieve. Personal protective equipment including particulate respirators provides additional benefit when administrative and environmental controls cannot assure protection.
Improving the performance of P2P networks using SPIS with Query Filtering (2011)

The need of simple storage access, bandwidth and processing power of computers located at the edges of the network is highly required in advanced computing. Peer to Peer (P2P) satisfies the functional requirements of several applications. The searching of the content and file sharing is perhaps the most popular application of P2P networks. In this application, flooding is used as the prevailing resource location method for content searching and file sharing. Larger volume of unnecessary traffic in the network is created due to flooding mechanism. It is because a peer may receive the same queries multiple times through different paths. In this paper, the performance of the searching is analyzed and improved using the proposed method namely Super-peer based Innovative Search (SPIS). In this method, the super-peer maintains the local peer's information; in addition it maintains other super-peer's information for reducing the unnecessary search in the P2P networks. During the searching, the number of query packets creates a local traffic inconsistency and congestion. Flooding a query to every peer significantly diminishes the performance and effectiveness of the system. Hence, the new method namely SPIS with Query Filtering is proposed. Here, the query is filtered based on the file availability in the forwarding super-peer for reducing the number of duplication query which reduces the query processing time. Hence, the performance of the P2P networks can be improved and thereby reduces traffic.
Transcorneal intraocular ultrasonographic and echo-biometric evaluation of bovine and equine eyes (2018)

The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic appearance and to measure different intraocular echo-biometric indices in normal adult horses, cattle and buffaloes. B-mode transcorneal ultrasonographic scanning of left and right eyes of six adult healthy animals of each species viz. horse, cattle and buffalo were performed using a high end ultrasound machine with 2.5–7.5 MHz microconvex transducer. Depth of scanning was set at 5–9 cm with suitable gain. Qualitative echo-biometric findings of the eyes were described and measurements of the intraocular structures were obtained, which included aqueous chamber depth (ACD), lens depth (LDe), lens diameter (LDi), vitreous depth (VD), sclero-retinal rim thickness (SRT), and globe axial length (GAL). Normal ultrasonographic appearance and reference values of these intraocular parameters were recorded. On the basis of the present study it was concluded that none of the six echo-biometric indices differ significantly between the left and right eyes of any of the individual species.
Extracellular Single-Unit Recording Methods (2003)

Since their refinement in the early 1950s, extracellular, single-unit recording methods have been used to obtain a wealth of data about the properties of CNS structures. The applications of the technique have been diverse: extracellular microelectrodes have been used to map the potential fields of single discharging neurons in order to answer fundamental questions about the excitability of CNS dendrites (; ; ), and more recently they have been used to study the behaviorally related discharge patterns of CNS neurons in the awake, moving animal (e.g., ; ). To an appreciable extent, the exciting new neuroanatomical tracing methods that have been developed over the past decade (cf ) have supplanted extracellular recording methods as a technique for tracing CNS connectivity patterns. However, the single-unit recording method is the technique of choice for studies of the responses of central neurons to sensory stimuli and of their behaviorally related firing patterns in the alert, moving animal. Moreover, many applications remain for the tracing of functional network connections on a microanatomical scale.
Antiterminator‐dependent modulation of transcription elongation rates by NusB and NusG (1999)

Ribosomal RNA is transcribed about twice as fast as messenger RNA in vivo, and this increased transcription rate requires the rrn boxA antitermination system. Because several Nus factors have been implicated in rrn antitermination, we have examined the role of NusB, NusE and NusG in controlling the rate of rrn boxA-mediated transcript elongation. In vivo RNA polymerase transcription rates were determined by measuring the rate of appearance of lacZ transcript using a plasmid that contained an inducible T7 promoter fused to the rrn boxA sequence followed by the lacZ gene. This plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli mutant strains that can be conditionally depleted of NusG, or that carry a deficient nusB gene or a nusE mutation. We found that, in addition to the rrn boxA antiterminator sequence, both NusG and NusB were required to maintain the high transcription rate. The nusE mutation used in this study may be specific for lambda antitermination, as it did not influence the boxA-mediated increase in transcription rate.
Three competing design methodologies for ASIC's: architectual synthesis, logic synthesis, logic synthesis and module generation (1989)

No abstract available.
Age‐related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications (2003)

Advancing age is characterized by impairment in the function of the many regulatory processes that provide functional integration between cells and organs. Therefore, there may be a failure to maintain homeostasis under conditions of physiological stress. The reduced homeostatic ability affects different regulatory systems in different subjects, thus explaining at least partly the increased interindividual variability occurring as people get older. Important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occur with advancing age. Pharmacokinetic changes include a reduction in renal and hepatic clearance and an increase in volume of distribution of lipid soluble drugs (hence prolongation of elimination half-life) whereas pharmacodynamic changes involve altered (usually increased) sensitivity to several classes of drugs such as anticoagulants, cardiovascular and psychotropic drugs. This review focuses on the main age-related physiological changes affecting different organ systems and their implications for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs.