gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notes on mammals of Baltistan and the Vale of Kashmir, presented to the National Museum by Dr. W. L. Abbott (1894)

Cm. W. L. Abbott has very generously presented to tlie Museum the skins and skulls of a number of species of Kashmir mammals, the majority of which were unrepresented in the collection.Among them are three species of Voles {Arvicola), which appear to be undescribed, and also a new geograi)hical race of Mus arianus.The specimens of the Rhesus monkey also seem to me to be worthy of a separate subspecihc name.The discovery of the recently-described Sminthus concolor in Kashmir extends the range of that species a thousand miles.The collection was made bctw een 1891 and 1893. SEMNOPITHECUS SCHISTACEUS, H o d j-s o ii .Dr. Abbott obtained two specimens of this fine monkey at Kaj Nag.He states that in both specimens the face, ears, palms, and soles were black, and tlie callosities dusky.The iris is clear brown.He gives the following dimensions:
Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite by KOH-Hydrothermal Method (2019)

Humic acid (HA) was extracted by a hydrothermal method from Huolinhe lignite from Inner Mongolia. The effects of the alkali-to-carbon mass ratio, water-to-coal mass ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the HA yield were investigated. The physicochemical characterization of the products was performed, and the reaction mechanism was explored. Raw coal, HA, and residual coal were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and compared to each other. The maximum HA yield (90.2%) was obtained from the 0.250–0.180 mm size fraction of the coal sample at a reaction temperature and time of 190 °C and 7 h. Proximate analysis proved that the ash and sulfur of lignite can be removed by hydrothermal treatment. Elemental analysis showed that the O/C and H/C ratios were highest for HA, followed by those for residual coal and raw coal, indicating an increase in the oxygen and hydrogen content of HA. FTIR and UV–VIS analyses showed that hydrothermal extraction destroyed the macromolecular structure of lignite. Moreover, the organics were degraded and hydrolyzed during the reaction process.
Stimulation of cell proliferation in skeletal tissues of the rat by defined parathyroid hormone fragments (1991)

We have found, in previous studies in vitro using skeletal derived cell cultures, that mid-region fragments of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and increase the specific activity of the brain-type isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK). These changes occurred without an increase in cyclic AMP formation which is linked to bone resorption. In this study, we found that the mid-region fragment hPTH-(28-48) stimulated CK activity in diaphysis, epiphysis and kidney in a time- and dose-dependent manner, parallel to the effects of the whole molecule bovine (b)PTH-(1-84) and the fully active fragment hPTH-(1-34). The increase caused by hPTH-(28-48) at a dose of 1.25 micrograms/rat was not less than the 2-fold increase caused by a roughly equimolar concentration bPTH-(1-84). A significant increase was reached at 1 h after intraperitoneal injection in all cases. All three sequences of PTH caused an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in diaphysis and epiphysis, but not in kidney, 24 h after injection. A fragment further towards the C-terminal, hPTH-(34-47), was inactive compared with an equimolar concentration of the fragment hPTH-(25-39), which stimulated both CK activity and DNA synthesis. These results in vivo are in line with previous findings in vitro; they provide further support for the suggestion that mid-region fragments of the PTH molecule could be used to induce bone formation without incurring the deleterious effect of bone resorption.
Towards low bit rate mobile visual search with multiple-channel coding (2011)

In this paper, we propose a multiple-channel coding scheme to extract compact visual descriptors for low bit rate mobile visual search. Different from previous visual search scenarios that send the query image, we make use of the ever growing mobile computational capability to directly extract compact visual descriptors at the mobile end. Meanwhile, stepping forward from the state-of-the-art compact descriptor extractions, we exploit the rich contextual cues at the mobile end (such as GPS tags for mobile visual search and 2D barcodes or RFID tags for mobile product search), together with the visual statistics at the reference database, to learn multiple coding channels. Therefore, we describe the query with one of many forms of high-dimensional visual signature, which is subsequently mapped to one or more channels and compressed. The compression function within each channel is learnt based on a novel robust PCA scheme, with specific consideration to preserve the retrieval ranking capability of the original signature. We have deployed our scheme on both iPhone4 and HTC DESIRE 7 to search ten million landmark images in a low bit rate setting. Quantitative comparisons to the state-of-the-arts demonstrate our significant advantages in descriptor compactness (with orders of magnitudes improvement) and retrieval mAP in mobile landmark, product, and CD/book cover search.
Oost-Europa in ontwikkeling : in vier quotumjaren ruim een derde minder melkveebedrijven in het grootste Oost-Europese melkland Polen (2010)

Sinds 1 mei 2004 maken tien nieuwe, vooral Oost-Europese lidstaten deel uit van de Europese Unie. De vrees bestond dat de concurrentie op de zuivelmarkt zou stijgen door de intrede van zoveel tegen lage kosten producerende boeren. Hoe vergaat het de Oost-Europese collega-melkveehouders sinds de intrede in de EU?
The Jewish Religion in the Soviet Union. By Joshua Rothenberg. New York: Ktav Publishing House and the Philip W. Lown Graduate Center for Contemporary Jewish Studies, Brandeis University, 1971. vii, 242 pp. $10.00. (1972)

The Jewish Religion in the Soviet Union. By Joshua Rothenberg. New York: Ktav Publishing House and the Philip W. Lown Graduate Center for Contemporary Jewish Studies, Brandeis University, 1971. vii, 242 pp. $10.00. - Volume 31 Issue 3
Insulin Resistance, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Metabolic Syndrome (2004)

The recent report of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (1) identified as cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors what they referred to as a “constellation of lipid and nonlipid risk factors of metabolic origin,” indicated that “this syndrome is closely related to insulin resistance,” and proposed diagnostic criteria for what they designated as “the metabolic syndrome.” Since the publication of these criteria, studies have been published defining the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in various populations (2) and the degree to which a positive diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome predicts CVD risk (3). However, the possibility that a substantial number of individuals who do not satisfy the ATP III criteria might be sufficiently insulin resistant to be at significant increased CVD risk has not been considered and neither has the ability of the ATP III criteria to identify insulin-resistant individuals been evaluated. These issues were both addressed by Liao et al. (4) in this issue of Diabetes Care , and their results indicate that the “ATP III criteria have low sensitivity for identifying insulin resistance with dyslipidemia in nondiabetic subjects who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.”

The study by Liao et al., performed in 74 apparently healthy, nondiabetic volunteers, found that 12.2% of their population met ATP III criteria for the metabolic syndrome, a value considerably lower than that previously reported (2). However, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database included patients with diabetes …
Advances in the environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) for nanoscale in situ studies of gas–solid interactions (2014)

Although available since the early days of electron microscopy, recent technology developments of the environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) have enabled new research in the study of nanomaterials in gaseous environments. Significant improvements in scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) technologies, while containing a gaseous environment close to the object under investigation, enable now the atomic scale study of phenomena occurring during gas-solid interactions. A focus behind these developments is the research on nanomaterial-based technologies, for instance for efficient energy conversion, use and storage as well as for environmental protection. In situ high spatial resolution characterization provides unique information that is beneficial for understanding the relationship between the structure, properties and function of nanostructures directly on their characteristic length scales. The progress in recent research is reviewed to highlight the potential of the state-of-the-art differentially-pumped microscope platform, based on the latest microscope generation optimized for atomic scale in situ investigations. Using cases from current catalysis research, high resolution imaging reveals structural changes in nanocatalysts when being active and is instrumental in understanding deactivation processes; while spectroscopy gives additional access to reactivity. Also, imaging schemes are discussed that focus on enhancing the achievable imaging resolution, while having the effect of electron beam-solid interaction in the nanomaterial under control.
Multilayer Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Severe Ocular Graft versus Host Disease (2001)

Multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation may be considered an alterantive for reconstructing the ocular surface in a patient with severe dry eyes and calcareous corneal degeneration, even with little perforation.
The value of persistence: a study of the creation, ordering and use of conversation archives by a knowledge worker (2004)

This paper argues that designers of computer mediated communication systems (CMCs) need to pay attention to the storage, organization and retrieval of conversations. It presents an ethnographic study of 'Bob,' an expert consultant to consultants in a large organization, and examines the ways in which he fashioned what he calls his "external memory pack" from the thousands of conversations he has had via instant messaging, email, and other forms of CMC. Particular attention is paid to the way in which he organizes, searches, and weaves together conversations to achieve his ends. We conclude by outlining the design implications of his use.
Cyclosporin A Inhibits Apoptosis of Human Endothelial Cells by Preventing Release of Cytochrome C From Mitochondria (1998)

OxLDL induces dysfunction of the mitochondrial membrane, leading to cytochrome C release into the cytosol, and thereby stimulates apoptosis of human endothelial cells. Apoptosis suppression by CSA correlates with the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and thus indicates the importance of mitochondrial destabilization in oxLDL-induced apoptosis signaling. The inhibition of apoptosis by CSA might preserve the function of the endothelium and may at least in part contribute to the antiatherogenic effects of CSA in transplant atherosclerosis.
Postmortem Organ Salvage Using an Oxygent™ Supplemented Perfusate (1994)

The world-wide shortage of organs for clinical transplantation is caused by the limited existing donor pool of heartbeating cadavers. Attempts to expand into the nonheartbeating cadaver population have been hindered by warm ischemic damage. We evaluated if a new Oxygent (Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp.) supplemented perfusate could be used to salvage canine kidneys postmortem. The kidneys preserved in the Oxygent perfusate could be maintained in situ for time points ranging from one-eight hours postmortem; enough time to declare death and obtain consent for organ donation. In contrast, the control kidneys yielded abnormal histologic findings and impaired flow dynamics. These results suggest that new perfusate may have significant potential to expand the existing organ donor pool.
Arbitrarily-shaped wavelet packets for zerotree coding (2002)

In order to satisfy the needs of new multimedia applications, the problem of content-based video coding has to be addressed. A new approach of object interior coding is proposed. It is based on an arbitrarily-shaped subband transform followed by a generalized embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm. It is shown that the proposed technique achieves good compression results and has additional properties such as being computationally efficient, keeping the same dimensionality in the transformed domain, being perfect reconstruction, and allowing a perfect rate control. In addition a lossless mode can be defined by using an appropriate filter bank.
Improving Impregnation and Penetration Properties of Refractory Woods Through Cryogenic Treatment (2018)

Cryogenic treatment via liquid nitrogen (LN) was evaluated as a means to improve the capability of impregnation and penetration in fir and spruce wood. There are a few vital problems that occur during the impregnation process of wood protection. One problem is that refractory woods have different anatomical features that make the impregnation process difficult. For the specimens that were conditioned with the air and oven, the retention changes were determined with an image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). In addition, the density and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values were measured. The LN treatment resulted in degradation in the bordered pits. Then, the margo and torus bonds were torn, the bordered pits were opened, and the liquid transportation of wood was facilitated. It was determined that the LN treatment and impregnation increased the depth and dispersion capability of the penetration. The LN treatment helped facilitate the flows from pores to pores by hindering the aspirations of the bordered pits, and thus the flow of chemicals was facilitated. Obtaining deeper penetration in refractory wood species will result in an improved impregnation process.
Antithetic regulation by β-adrenergic receptors of Gq receptor signaling via phospholipase C underlies the airway β-agonist paradox (2003)

β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) relax airway smooth muscle and bronchodilate, but chronic β-agonist treatment in asthma causes increased sensitivity to airway constriction (hyperreactivity) and is associated with exacerbations. This paradox was explored using mice with ablated βAR genes (βAR–/–) and transgenic mice overexpressing airway smooth muscle β2AR (β2AR-OE) representing two extremes: absence and persistent activity of airway βAR. Unexpectedly, βAR–/– mice, lacking these bronchodilating receptors, had markedly decreased bronchoconstrictive responses to methacholine and other Gq-coupled receptor agonists. In contrast, β2AR-OE mice had enhanced constrictive responses. Contraction to permeabilization with β-escin was unaltered by gene ablation or overexpression. Inositol phosphate accumulation by Gq-coupled M3-muscarinic, thromboxane-A2, and 5-HT2 receptors was desensitized in airway smooth muscle cells from βAR–/– mice and sensitized in cells from β2AR-OE mice. Thus, βAR antithetically regulates constrictive signals, affecting bronchomotor tone/reactivity by additional means other than direct dilatation. Studies of signaling elements in these pathways revealed the nodal point of this cross talk as phospholipase C-β1, whose expression was altered by βAR in a direction and magnitude consistent with the physiologic and cellular responses. These results establish a mechanism of the β-agonist paradox and identify a potential asthma modifier gene (phospholipase C-β1), which may also be a therapeutic target in asthma when chronic β-agonists are required.
Improved Iterative Bit Flipping Decoding Algorithms for LDPC Convolutional Codes (2007)

A new class of iterative bit flipping (BF) decoding algorithms adapted for low-density parity check (LDPC) convolutional codes is proposed. Compared with Gallager's original BF algorithm, the new BF algorithms improve both the coding gain and the error correction speed. At a bit error rate (BER) of 10 , the best of the new bit-flipping algorithms achieves, after only 6 iterations and with much simpler decoding hardware, a coding gain within 3.5 dB of that of the conventional min-sum belief propagation decoding algorithm.
Adversarial Feature-Mapping for Speech Enhancement (2018)

Feature-mapping with deep neural networks is commonly used for single-channel speech enhancement, in which a feature-mapping network directly transforms the noisy features to the corresponding enhanced ones and is trained to minimize the mean square errors between the enhanced and clean features. In this paper, we propose an adversarial feature-mapping (AFM) method for speech enhancement which advances the feature-mapping approach with adversarial learning. An additional discriminator network is introduced to distinguish the enhanced features from the real clean ones. The two networks are jointly optimized to minimize the feature-mapping loss and simultaneously mini-maximize the discrimination loss. The distribution of the enhanced features is further pushed towards that of the clean features through this adversarial multi-task training. To achieve better performance on ASR task, senone-aware (SA) AFM is further proposed in which an acoustic model network is jointly trained with the feature-mapping and discriminator networks to optimize the senone classification loss in addition to the AFM losses. Evaluated on the CHiME-3 dataset, the proposed AFM achieves 16.95% and 5.27% relative word error rate (WER) improvements over the real noisy data and the feature-mapping baseline respectively and the SA-AFM achieves 9.85% relative WER improvement over the multi-conditional acoustic model.
Cooperativity and allostery in haemoglobin function (2008)

Tetrameric haemoglobins display a cooperative ligand binding behaviour, which has been attributed to the functional interrelationship between multiple ligand binding sites. The quantitative description of this feature was initially carried out with a phenomenological approach, which was limited to the functional effect of the occupancy by a ligand molecule of a binding site on further binding steps. However, subsequent development of structural-functional models for the description of the cooperativity in haemoglobin brought about a much deeper information on the interrelationships between ligand binding at the heme and structural variations occurring in the surrounding free subunits. This approach opened the way to the evolution of the concept of allostery, which is intended as the structural-functional effect exerted by the presence of a ligand in a binding site on other binding sites present in the same molecule. This concept can be applied to either sites for the same ligand (homotropic allostery) and for sites of different ligands (heterotropic allostery). Several models trying to take into account the continuous building up of structural and functional information on the physicochemical properties of haemoglobin have been developed along this line.
C-Peptide Ameliorates Kidney Injury Following Hemorrhagic Shock (2011)

Reperfusion injury following hemorrhagic shock is accompanied by the development of a systemic inflammatory state that may lead to organ failure. Insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and to ameliorate renal dysfunction in diabetic animals. Hence, we investigated the effect of C-peptide on kidney injury after hemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that C-peptide would exert renoprotective effects by blunting inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in male rats (3-4 months old) by withdrawing blood from the femoral artery to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mmHg. Animals were kept in shock for 3 h, at which time they were rapidly resuscitated by returning their shed blood. At the time of resuscitation and every hour thereafter, one group of animals received C-peptide (280 nmol/kg), whereas another group received vehicle. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in significant rise in plasma levels of creatinine and elevated kidney neutrophil infiltration as evaluated by myeloperoxidase activity in vehicle-treated rats in comparison with sham rats, thus suggesting kidney injury. Treatment with C-peptide significantly attenuated the rise in creatinine and kidney myeloperoxidase activity when compared with vehicle group. At a molecular level, these effects of C-peptide were associated with reduced expression of the c-Fos subunit and reduced activation of the proinflammatory kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and subsequently reduced DNA binding of activator protein 1 in the kidney. Thus, our data suggest that C-peptide may exert renoprotective effects after hemorrhagic shock by modulating activator protein 1 signaling.
3D Object Representations for Fine-Grained Categorization (2013)

While 3D object representations are being revived in the context of multi-view object class detection and scene understanding, they have not yet attained wide-spread use in fine-grained categorization. State-of-the-art approaches achieve remarkable performance when training data is plentiful, but they are typically tied to flat, 2D representations that model objects as a collection of unconnected views, limiting their ability to generalize across viewpoints. In this paper, we therefore lift two state-of-the-art 2D object representations to 3D, on the level of both local feature appearance and location. In extensive experiments on existing and newly proposed datasets, we show our 3D object representations outperform their state-of-the-art 2D counterparts for fine-grained categorization and demonstrate their efficacy for estimating 3D geometry from images via ultra-wide baseline matching and 3D reconstruction.
Carbon-13 NMR studies of 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and related compounds (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 NMR studies of 9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and related compoundsS. F. Nelsen, G. R. Weisman, E. L. Clennan, and V. E. PeacockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 22, 6893–6896Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00438a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00438a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts