gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer Transfer of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>Thin Film and Solar Cell Fabrication (2010)

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were transferred to alternative substrates by a lift-off process, and solar cells were fabricated using the transferred films. CIGS films were grown on Mo/soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates by a three-stage evaporation process. The CIGS films were transferred to two alternative substrates: a rigid SLG and a flexible polyimide film. In the lift-off process, an intentional sacrificial layer between CIGS and Mo back contact layers was not prepared. CIGS solar cells with In2O3:Sn/ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/conductive-epoxy/alternative-substrates structure were fabricated. Both solar cells showed almost half of the conversion efficiencies of a CIGS solar cell fabricated by a standard process. This is because of poor short circuit current and fill factor due to voltage-dependent current collection and high series resistance. Modifications of the composition profile of the CIGS layer and back contact property will improve the device performance. These results demonstrated the possibility of using the lift-off process for CIGS solar cells to widen the variety of substrate material choice.
Evidence for the Introduction of a Multiresistant Clone of Serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae from Spain to Iceland in the Late 1980s (1993)

Almost all of the multiresistant pneumococci that appeared suddenly in clinical specimens in Iceland between 1989 and 1992 belonged to serogroup 6. Fifty-seven of these isolates were analyzed for serotype, penicillin-binding protein pattern, multilocus enzyme genotype, and fragmentation pattern obtained by pulsed-field electrophoretic separation of restriction enzyme digests of chromosomal DNA. All isolates were of serotype 6B and had similar or identical patterns in each molecular test. The Icelandic isolates were indistinguishable from a subgroup of multiresistant serotype 6B pneumococci that has been present with high incidence in Spain during the past two decades. The data suggest the import to Iceland of a single multiresistant clone of pneumococcus, most likely from Spain.
Strong oscillations detected by picosecond ultrasonics in silicon: Evidence for an electronic-structure effect (2004)

We present the results of picosecond ultrasonic experiments performed at different laser wavelengths in different samples all grown on silicon (100) substrates. In the blue range we report on strong oscillations in the reflectivity curves. We present experimental and numerical results that identify the origin of these oscillations in a strong acousto-optic interaction in the silicon substrate. Then we propose to explain the high amplitude of these oscillations by a relation with direct interband transitions in silicon which fall in the same range. This explanation is supported by two other experimental evidences: First, sudden changes in the phase of the detected signal are observed as the laser wavelength is tuned around the interband transitions. Second, we report on a shift of this phase change as the substrate is heated. This study shows that the effect of interband transitions on picosecond ultrasonic studies we had first demonstrated in thin metallic films can be extended to semiconductors.
Organization of phosphatidylcholine and bile salt in rodlike mixed micelles (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganization of phosphatidylcholine and bile salt in rodlike mixed micellesRex P. Hjelm Jr., P. Thiyagarajan, and Hayat Alkan-OnyukselCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 21, 8653–8661Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100200a080https://doi.org/10.1021/j100200a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Using an F<sub>2</sub> screen to monitor frequency of resistance alleles to Bt cotton in field populations of <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2009)

A fluctuating but overall increase in resistance allele frequency was detected in the field populations of H. armigera in Qiuxian County from 1999 to 2005. To prevent further increases in Bt resistance frequency in this pest, it is necessary to introduce Bt cotton expressing multiple Bt toxins and integrate this technology with other tactics for management of this key pest.
Fast percentage closer soft shadows using temporal coherence (2013)

We propose a novel way to efficiently calculate soft shadows in real-time applications by overcoming the high computational effort involved with the complex corresponding visibility estimation each frame: We exploit the temporal coherence prevalent in typical scene movement, making the estimation of a new shadow value only necessary whenever regions are newly disoccluded due to camera adjustment, or the shadow situation changes due to object movement. By extending the typical shadow mapping algorithm by an additional light-weight buffer for the tracking of dynamic scene objects, we can robustly and efficiently detect all screen space fragments that need to be updated, including not only the moving objects themselves, but also the soft shadows they cast. By applying this strategy to the popular Percentage Closer Soft Shadow algorithm (PCSS), we double rendering performance in scenes with both static and dynamic objects -- as prevalent in various 3D game levels -- while maintaining the visual quality of the original approach.
[ CoAl / Pd ] n multilayers as perpendicular recording media (2002)

Co/Pd multilayer medium is a potential candidate to realize the high density magnetic recording, however, the long-range exchange coupling and weak domain wall pinning energies result in low SNR recording. We investigated [Co1−xAlx/Pd]n multilayer media and found this kind of media may be used as a stable perpendicular media for high density recording purposes. The samples were sputter-deposited onto the glass substrates with varying Al compositions, bilayer numbers, and [Co1−xAlx]n magnetic sublayer thickness. Compared with [Co/Pd]n multilayer films, the high perpendicular anisotropy and high squareness properties were basically reserved, while smaller and more uniform grains were observed. Much smaller domain size was observed for the sample with Al doping by magnetic force microscopy imaging. A magnetization reversal mechanism study showed that Al atoms might emerge into the grain boundaries, thus compressing the grains and weakening the intergranular exchange coupling. A new type of multilayer CGC media was proposed based on the study.
1-MCP Improved Diverse Sensorial, Biochemical and Physical Apple Traits during Cold Storage Based on Cultivar (2017)

Apple cultivars’ storability could be strengthened through known techniques of cold storage, advanced industries of control atmosphere or other routine usages like fruit pre-cooling followed by immersion in CA++ solution, depending on genetic potential of the plant material. At the end of pomology and cold storage assessments of 93 apple cultivars, two high yielding native "Dirras-e Mashhad" and "Wealthy" were treated by single and combined 1-MCP and ethylene nano-absorbent (ENA) to assess eventual improvements in cold storage span, fruit eating quality and role of cultivar. For this purpose, directs effects and interactions between all sources of variance were studied. Ethylene emission and CO2 amounts were measured. The results showed that reduced weight loss and flesh firmness, were registered in the treated samples of both cultivars compared with the control. Using of 1-MCP affected significantly (p 0.05) on these characteristics. The native apple "Dirras-e Mashhad" showed higher pH value than "Wealthy" under the combined treatment (ENA+1-MCP). Genetic source revealed significant difference through lower "Wealthy" storability. Ethylene emission increased to 53.64 ppm/Kg·hr after 5th month, which resulted in significant difference at p > 0.01 level related to the initial value of 3.26 ppm/Kg·hr. The combined treatment (ENA+1-MCP) affected significantly (p < 0.05) most of the fruit characteristics in both of the cultivars. The treatments demonstrated different results by cultivar.
The carotenoid crocetin enhances pulmonary oxygenation (1988)

Rabbits anesthesized with urethan and subjected to mild hypoxia (60-70 Torr arterial PO2) through a reduction of the minute volume were injected with a carotenoid compound, crocetin, or saline. The increased PO2 in the arterial blood seen subsequently with crocetin is attributed to increased diffusion through plasma. Blood flow rates remained constant and were unaffected by crocetin.
Phase I study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral administration of TAS‐102 in patients with solid tumors (2006)

The authors' study showed that 50 mg/m2/day was a tolerable dose of the novel antimetabolite FTD in combination with an inhibitor of its inactivating enzyme TP, and this is the recommended Phase II dose. Evaluation of this daily dose in malignancies for which fluoropyrimidines have failed is needed.
Highly Sensitive Speech Detector and High-Speed Voiceband Data Discriminator in DSI-ADPCM Systems (1982)

This paper describes a highly sensitive speech detector and a high-speed voiceband data classifier capable of discriminating between speech and voiceband data of a 4.8 kbit/s 8-phase PSK and 4.8 kbit/s 8-point QAM, and a 9.6 kbit/s 16-point QAM as described in a CCITT recommendation. The presence of a speech signal is detected by analyzing short-time energies, zero-crossing rates, and sign bit sequences of the input signal. The proposed speech detector, with a short hangover time of 32 ms, is able to reduce the average talk spurt activity in an international satellite link to 36 percent. This detector can also classify the detected speech into narrow-band or wide-band spectrum sounds or a low power sound for a variable rate ADPCM encoding. Discrimination between speech and high-speed voiceband data is based on short-time energies, a zeros-crossing rate and linear prediction coefficients of an adaptive predictor. Classification among a 4.8 kbit/s 8-phase PSK and 8-point QAM, and a 9.6 kbit/s 16-point QAM can also be performed by an average prediction gain and a coefficient of variation of the short-term amplitude distribution of the input signal. Discrimination of voiceband data was performed successfully, and erroneous discrimination of talk spurt of telephone speech as voiceband data were, respectively, four times for two two-party conversations lasting 5 minutes in an international satellite link. This is equivalent to less than 0.09 percent of the conversation time.
Direct Synthesis of Complex Metal Hydrides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Synthesis of Complex Metal HydridesE. C. Ashby, G. J. Brendel, and H. E. RedmanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 3, 499–504Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50007a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50007a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views840Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Striatal Dopamine Transporters and Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Men and Women (2001)

The results provide further evidence for age effects and sex differences in the neuromodulatory influences of dopamine on behavior in humans.
Validation of the Transferrin Receptor for Drug Targeting to Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells<i>In Vitro</i> (2004)

Recently, we have shown that transferrin (Tf) is actively endocytosed by the Tf R on primary cultured bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). The objective of this investigation is to determine whether the Tf R can facilitate endocytosis of a (protein) model drug, using Tf as a targeting vector. Secondly, the mechanism of endocytosis was investigated. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP, 40 kDa) was chosen as a model drug, since it normally does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its concentration in biological media can be easily quantified. Tf-HRP conjugates (1:1) are actively and specifically endocytosed by BCEC in vitro in a concentration and time-dependent manner. At an applied concentration of 3 microg/ml, association (a combination of binding and endocytosis) of Tf-HRP reached equilibrium at a concentration of 2 ng/mg cell protein after 1 h of incubation at 37 degree C. This was approximately 3-fold higher compared to binding at 4 degree C (0.6 ng/mg cell protein). Association of Tf-HRP was compared to BSA-HRP. After 2 h of incubation at 37 degree C association levels were 5.2 and 2.5 ng/mg cell protein, for Tf-HRP and BSA-HRP, respectively. Under those conditions, association of Tf-HRP could be inhibited to approximately 30% of total association by an excess of non-conjugated Tf, but not with BSA, while association of BSA-HRP could be inhibited by both proteins. Furthermore, by using specific inhibitors of endocytotic processes, it was shown that association of Tf-HRP is via clathrin-coated vesicles. Association of Tf-HRP is inhibited by phenylarsine oxide (an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis) to 0.4 ng/mg cell protein, but not by indomethacin, which inhibits formation of caveolae. Finally, following iron scavenging by deferoxamine mesylate (DFO, resulting in a higher Tf R expression) a 5-fold increase in association of Tf-HRP to 15.8 ng/mg cell protein was observed. In conclusion, the Tf R is potentially suitable for targeting of a (protein) cargo to the BBB and to facilitate its endocytosis by the BCEC.
G. W. F. Leibniz (2005)

Abstract This chapter analyses Gilles Deleuze's engagement with the philosophical thoughts of Gottfried Leibniz. It suggests that though having published a book-length study of Leibniz entitled The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque in 1988, Deleuze's important engagement with Leibniz had already occurred in Difference and Repetition in 1968 and in Logic of Sense in 1969. The chapter shows how Deleuze used Leibniz to deduce the necessity of a principle of difference by making his way through the four fundamental principles of Leibniz's philosophy: identity, sufficient reason, indiscernibility, and the law of continuity.
A gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is induced by dehydration and salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. (1995)

A cDNA corresponding to a putative phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned by use of the polymerase chain reaction. The cDNA, designated cAtPLC1, encodes a putative polypeptide of 561 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 64 kDa. The putative product includes so-called X and Y domains found in all PI-PLCs identified to date. In mammalian cells, there are three types of PI-PLC, PLC-beta, -gamma, and -delta. The overall structure of the putative AtPLC1 protein is most similar to that of PLC-delta, although the AtPLC1 protein is much smaller than PLCs from other organisms. The recombinant AtPLC1 protein synthesized in Escherichia coli was able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and this activity was completely dependent on Ca2+, as observed also for mammalian PI-PLCs. These results suggest that the AtPLC1 gene encodes a genuine PI-PLC of a higher plant. Northern blot analysis showed that the AtPLC1 gene is expressed at very low levels in the plant under normal conditions but is induced to a significant extent under various environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and low temperature. These observations suggest that AtPLC1 might be involved in the signal-transduction pathways of environmental stresses and that an increase in the level of AtPLC1 might amplify the signal, in a manner that contributes to the adaptation of the plant to these stresses.
Logistic discriminative speech detectors using posterior SNR (2004)

We introduce an elegant and novel design for a speech detector which estimates the probability of the presence of speech in each time-frequency bin, as well as in each frame. The proposed system uses discriminative estimators based on logistic regression, and incorporates spectral and temporal correlations in the same framework. The detector is flexible enough to be configured in a single level or a "stacked" bilevel architecture depending on the needs of the application. An important part of the proposed design is the use of a new set of features: the normalized logarithm of the estimated posterior signal-to-noise ratio. These can be easily and automatically generated by tracking the noise spectrum online. We present results on the AURORA database to demonstrate that the overall design is simple, flexible and effective.
All-trans retinoic acid and extracellular Ca2+ differentially influence extracellular matrix production by human skin in organ culture. (1993)

Two-mm full-thickness punch biopsies of human skin were placed in organ culture in a serum-free, growth factor-free basal medium. Under conditions of low extracellular Ca2+ (0.15 mmol/L), the tissue quickly degenerated. However, degeneration was prevented when the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was increased to 1.4 mmol/L. The tissue remained histologically normal in appearance and biochemically active for up to 12 days. The addition of 3 mumol/L all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to the low-Ca2+ culture medium also prevented tissue degeneration. However, in contrast to what was seen in the presence of 1.4 mmol/L Ca2+, epidermal differentiation did not occur normally in the presence of RA. Rather, the upper layers of the epidermis routinely separated from the underlying basal cells. Fibronectin production by the organ cultured skin was examined. Biosynthetic labeling/immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that incubation of the tissue in basal medium containing 1.4 mmol/L Ca2+ resulted in a high level of fibronectin production relative to the amount produced in basal medium containing 0.15 mmol/L Ca2+. In contrast, the addition of 3 mumol/L RA to the low Ca2+ basal medium did not stimulate fibronectin production. Similar results were observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays where the addition of Ca2+ to a final concentration of 1.4 mmol/L stimulated fibronectin and thrombospondin production whereas RA (3 mumol/L) did not. Although RA by itself failed to stimulate extracellular matrix production, the addition of 3 mumol/L RA to basal medium containing 1.4 mmol/L Ca2+ led to a further increase in fibronectin production over that seen in the presence of 1.4 mmol/L Ca2+ alone. Taken together, these data indicate that although either 1.4 mmol/L Ca2+ or 3 mumol/L RA facilitates survival of organ-cultured skin in basal medium, they have very different effects on extracellular matrix production. This supports the view, based on histological appearance, that the two treatments work through different mechanisms. The data further support the suggestion that the two treatments may have additive or even synergistic effects.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHASE AND EMULSION BEHAVIOR, SURFACTANT RETENTION, AND OIL RECOVERY FOR NOVEL ALCOHOL ETHOXYCARBOXYLATE SURFACTANTS (2001)

This final technical report describes work performed under DOE Grant No. DE-FG26-97FT97278 during the period October 01, 1997 to August 31, 2001 which covers the total performance period of the project. During this period, detailed information on optimal salinity, temperature, emulsion morphologies, effectiveness for surfactant retention and oil recovery was obtained for an Alcohol Ethoxycarboxylate (AEC) surfactant to evaluate its performance in flooding processes. Tests were conducted on several AEC surfactants and NEODOX (23-4) was identified as the most suitable hybrid surfactant that yielded the best proportion in volume for top, middle, and bottom phases when mixed with oil and water. Following the selection of this surfactant, temperature and salinity scans were performed to identify the optimal salinity and temperature, and the temperature and salinity intervals in which all three phases coexisted. NEODOX 23-4 formed three phases between 4 and 52.5 C. It formed an aqueous rich microemulsion phase at high temperatures and an oleic rich microemulsion phase at low temperatures--a characteristic of the ionic part of the surfactant. The morphology measurement system was set-up successfully at CAU. The best oil/water/surfactant system defined by the above phase work was then studied for emulsion morphologies. Electrical conductivities were measured for middle and bottom phases of the NEODOX 23-4/dodecane/10mM water system and by mixing measured volumes of the middle phase into a fixed volume of the bottom phase and vice versa at room temperature. Electrical conductivity of the mixture decreased as the fraction of volume of the middle phase was increased and vice versa. Also inversion phenomena was observed. These experiments were then repeated for bottom/middle (B/M) and middle/bottom (M/B) conjugate pair phases at 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 C. Electrical conductivity measurements were then compared with the predictions of the conductivity model developed in this project. The M/B and B/M morphologies and their inversion hysteresis lines conformed to the previously postulated dispersion morphology diagram; that is, within experimental uncertainties, the two emulsion inversion lines in phase volume-temperature space met at a critical point that coincided with the upper critical end point for the phases. Coreflooding measurements were performed by our industrial partner in this project, Surtek, Golden, CO which showed poor hydrocarbon recovery (38.1%) for NEODOX 23-4. It was also found that NEODOX 23-4 surfactant adsorbed too much to the rock (97.1% surfactant loss to the core), a characteristic of the non-ionic part of the surfactant.