gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the Leader Sequence in Sendai Virus Pathogenesis Revealed by Recovery of a Pathogenic Field Isolate from cDNA (2002)

We previously demonstrated that a systematic passage of a pathogenic field isolate of Sendai virus (SeV), the Hamamatsu strain, in embryonated eggs caused attenuation of virulence to mice, and we isolated viral clones of distinct virulence (K. Kiyotani et al. Arch. Virol. 146:893-908, 2001). One of the clones, E15cl2, which was obtained from the virus at the 15th egg passage of E0, the parental Hamamatsu clone for egg passage, had 165-fold-attenuated virulence to mice and possessed only four mutations in the entire 15,384-base genome: in an antigenomic sense, U to A at position 20 (U20A) and U to A at position 24 (U24A) in the leader sequence, the promoter for transcription and replication, and A to G at position 9346 (silent) and A to U at position 12174 (Ser to Cys) in the L gene. To examine the possibility that leader mutations affect virus pathogenesis, we recovered live viruses from cDNA derived from the Hamamatsu strain. A mutant virus possessing either a mutation of U20A or U24A in the leader sequence showed a slightly lower pathogenicity than that of the parental virus, whereas a double mutant virus possessing both of the mutations showed 25-fold-attenuated virulence, accompanying a significantly lower virus replication in the mouse lung. Replications of the leader mutant viruses were also impaired in a primary culture of mouse pulmonary epithelial cells but not in chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings suggest that leader mutations of SeV affect virus pathogenesis by altering virus replication in a host-dependent manner.
In Vitro Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to Thrombin-Induced Platelet Microbicidal Protein Is Associated with Alterations in Cytoplasmic Membrane Fluidity (2000)

Platelet microbicidal proteins (PMPs) are small, cationic peptides which possess potent microbicidal activities against common bloodstream pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus. We previously showed that S. aureus strains exhibiting resistance to thrombin-induced PMP (tPMP-1) in vitro have an enhanced capacity to cause human and experimental endocarditis (T. Wu, M. R. Yeaman, and A. S. Bayer, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:729-732, 1994; A. S. Bayer et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:3169-3172, 1998; V. K. Dhawan et al., Infect. Immun. 65:3293-3299, 1997). However, the mechanisms mediating tPMP-1 resistance in S. aureus are not fully delineated. The S. aureus cell membrane appears to be a principal target for the action of tPMP-1. To gain insight into the basis of tPMP-1 resistance, we compared several parameters of membrane structure and function in three tPMP-1-resistant (tPMP-1(r)) strains and their genetically related, tPMP-1-susceptible (tPMP-1(s)) counterpart strains. The tPMP-1(r) strains were derived by three distinct methods: transposon mutagenesis, serial passage in the presence of tPMP-1 in vitro, or carriage of a naturally occurring multiresistance plasmid (pSK1). All tPMP-1(r) strains were found to possess elevated levels of longer-chain, unsaturated membrane lipids, in comparison to their tPMP-1(s) counterparts. This was reflected in corresponding differences in cell membrane fluidity in the strain pairs, with tPMP-1(r) strains exhibiting significantly higher degrees of fluidity as assessed by fluorescence polarization. These data provide further support for the concept that specific alterations in the cytoplasmic membrane of S. aureus strains are associated with tPMP-1 resistance in vitro.
Biochemical and pharmacologic effects of α-methyltyrosine in man (1968)

Alpha methyltyrosine (alpha-MPT) was administered to 52 patients from 4 days to 10 months; 22 patients were cases of pheochromocytoma and 20 had essential hypertension. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis in the range of 50-80% was achieved with divided daily drug dosage of from 1.0 to 4.0 g. Striking clinical benefit was noted in patients with pheochromocytoma in whom the drug was used in preparation for surgery and during chronic medical management. The drug appeared to have limited usefulness when used in essential hypertension, unless added to existing therapy with conventional agents. No beneficial effects were noted in thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Untoward effects in order of decreasing incidence were: sedation (with insomnia on withdrawal), anxiety, tremor, diarrhea, and galactorrhea. Drug crystalluria, which has been observed in animals and is currently restrictive of clinical trials, was not observed in these studies. Evidence is presented that the minor conversion of alpha-MPT to methyldopa probably does not contribute significantly to the central and peripheral effects of the drug.
Fragmented membrane MEM bulk lateral resonators with nano-gaps on 1.5&#x03BC;m SOI (2007)

The design, fabrication and experimental investigation of 21 MHz MEM bulk lateral resonators (BLR) on 1.5 mum silicon-on-insulator (SOI) fragmented membranes with 100 nm air-gaps are reported. Quality factors as high as 33'000 are measured under vacuum at room temperature, with 20 V DC bias and low AC-power. The influence of temperature on the resonance frequency and quality factor is studied and discussed from 80 K and 380 K. A very high quality factor of 182'000 and a motional resistance of 165 kOmega, are reported at 80 K. The paper shows that high-quality factor MEM resonator can be integrated on partially-depleted thin SOI, which demonstrates the possibility of making full-integrated hybrid MEM-CMOS integrated circuits for future communication applications.
Preparation of High-T<sub>c</sub> Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors (1988)

A sharp resistive superconducting transition above 100 K has been achieved for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors. The resistance at 100 K was estimated to be less than 10 -6 Ω cm in a zero magnetic field.
The practicality of using ozone with fruit and vegetables (2016)

The fresh produce industry is constantly growing as a result of increasing consumer demand. Food quality and safety management are still major issues for the supply chain. The use of ozone has been identified as a feasible solution to reduce microorganisms present in food, in this way extending the shelf-life of fresh produce. A number of factors that may affect the efficiency of ozone treatment have been identified, e.g. microbial populations, ozone concentration and time of exposure, type of produce, temperature, relative humidity and packaging material, and they are briefly discussed. Furthermore, practical information derived from studies with ozone conducted by the authors and from their knowledge of the subject directs the reader's attention to the key aspects of ozone use under commercial conditions, i.e. from the practical point of view. Finally, one possible direction for future research with the postharvest use of ozone, i.e. the important role of fruit cuticle in response to this postharvest treatment, is indicated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
A 2-μm CMOS 8-MIPS digital processor with parallel processing capability (1986)

A 2-/spl mu/m CMOS VLSI digital signal processor (DSP) family, the SP50, is described that is capable of eight million instructions per second and up to six concurrent operations in each instruction. Two DSPs, the PCB5010 and PCB5011, have been developed. Both are based on a common architecture which contains two 16-bit data buses, and a 16/spl times/16/spl rarr/40-bit multiplier accumulator and 16-bit ALU, both with multiprecision support in hardware. Also implemented are two static data RAMs (128/spl times/16 or 256/spl times/16), a data ROM (51/spl times/16), a 15-word three-port register file, three address computation units, and five serial and parallel I/O interfaces. The data path is controlled by an orthogonal instruction set, using 40-bit microcode words. The controller contains a five-level stack and an instruction repeat register, and can have either on-chip program memory (RAM: 32/spl times/40; ROM: 987/spl times/40) or off-chip program memory (up to 64K/spl times/40). Benchmarks show a two to sixfold improvement in overall performance over its predecessors.
Comparable changes in synaptic dopamine induced by methylphenidate and by cocaine in the baboon brain (1999)

Though the blockade of dopamine transporters (DAT) is associated with cocaine's and methylphenidate's reinforcing effects, it is the stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors, achieved by increases in synaptic DA, that enables these effects to occur. Positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]raclopride were used to assess the levels of occupancy of DA D2 receptors by dopamine achieved by doses of cocaine or methylphenidate previously documented to block over 70% of DAT. Studies were performed in five baboons using a paired scan protocol designed to measure DA D2 receptor availability (Bmax/Kd) at baseline conditions and after intravenous administration of either cocaine or methylphenidate. Cocaine (1–2 mg/kg) or methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) administered 5 min prior to [11C]raclopride decreased Bmax/Kd by 29 ± 3% and 32 ± 4%, respectively. Smaller reductions in Bmax/Kd (13% for cocaine given 30 min before [11C]raclopride and 25 ± 10% for methylphenidate given 40 min before [11C]raclopride) were seen with longer periods between drug and radioligand. These observations are consistent with the slower striatal clearance kinetics of [11C]methylphenidate than [11C]cocaine observed in previous PET experiments and with the approximately twofold higher potency of methylphenidate than cocaine in in vitro experiments. Though the elevation of synaptic DA induced by >70% occupancy of DAT by these drugs lead to a modest increase in occupancy of D2 receptors (25–30%), further studies are required to assess if this is an underestimation because of differences in D2 receptor binding kinetics between raclopride and DA. Synapse 31:59–66, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
School Improvement Initiatives in Long Beach, California: The Quest for Higher Student Achievement, Behavior, and Dress Standards (1998)

Neither eosinophilic cystitis nor nephrogenic adenoma is often diagnosed in children, with few pediatric cases being reported in the literature. Although these maladies share the same predisposing conditions, namely, chronic irritation or injury to the urothelium and lower urinary tract and symptoms such as dysuria, hematuria, and urinary frequency, their concomitance is exceptional. Herein, we report the case of an 8-year-old boy with a previous history of bladder surgery presenting histologically diagnosed eosinophilic cystitis and nephrogenic adenoma.
Cobalt-mediated reactions in synthesis. The degradation of carboxylic acids to functionalised noralkanes via acylcobalt salophen intermediates (1990)

Arylmethyl- and allyl-carbonylcobalt salophen complexes, e.g.(7), (8), (9), and (22), readily undergo carbon-to-cobalt-bond homolysis and in situ decarbonylation, producing new alkyl radical centres which can be intercepted with oxygen-, nitrogen-, halogen-, sulphur-, and selenium-containing radical-trapping agents leading to functionalised noralkanes. The sequence constitutes a useful, and in some cases more flexible, variant of the classical Hunsdiecker reaction, and amounts to a cobalt equivalent of the Barton radical decarboxylation reaction of carboxylic acids via their corresponding thiohydroxamic esters. In a similar manner, irradiation of the oxy-substituted acylcobalt salen reagents (25) and (26) in the presence of tetramethylpiperidine oxide produces the products (14) and (27), respectively, resulting from homolysis–decarboxylation and alkyl-radical trapping. In the absence of radical-trapping agents, irradiation of (7c) produces (18), and irradiation of (29) leads to the but-2-enolide (32).
An efficient method of group rekeying for multicast communication (2004)

Key management for large dynamic groups is all the way a difficult problem because of scalability and security. This paper presents a new method for key management for group communication, which inherits the model of the logical key tree algorithm but implements group rekeying through one-way function together with random number and the old keys. Compared with the previous schemes, such as logical key hierarchy (LKH) and one-way function tree (OFT), the proposed method is more efficient while secure against arbitrary collusion attacks.
Costs and quality of life for prehabilitation and early rehabilitation after surgery of the lumbar spine (2008)

The integrated programme of prehabilitation and early rehabilitation in spine surgery is more cost-effective compared to standard care programme alone.
The conductivity of the human skull: results of in vivo and in vitro measurements (2000)

The conductivity of the human skull was measured both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro measurement was performed on a sample of fresh skull placed within a saline environment. For the in vivo measurement a small current was passed through the head by means of two electrodes placed on the scalp. The potential distribution thus generated on the scalp was measured in two subjects for two locations of the current injecting electrodes. Both methods revealed a skull conductivity of about 0.015 (1//spl Omega/)/m. For the conductivities of the brain, the skull and the scalp a ratio of 1:1/15:1 was found. This is consistent with some of the reports on conductivities found in the literature, but differs considerably from the ratio 1:1/80:1 commonly used in neural source localization. An explanation is provided for this discrepancy, indicating that the correct ratio is 1:1/15:1.
Selection of Fimbriate Transductants of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Dependent on Motility (1971)

The ability to form type 1 fimbriae (Fim(+)) was readily transduced to 159 out of 161 wild-type motile Fim(-) FIRN strains of Salmonella typhimurium with phage P22 propagated on a Fim(+) donor strain. Fim(+) clones were isolated from about 35% of tests after the fimbriate bacteria in the transduction mixture had been enriched by culture in aerobic static broth for 48 to 96 hr. A Fim(+) transductant was isolated from only 1 out of 280 tests made with 10 nonmotile recipient FIRN strains that were nonflagellate (Fla(-))- or possessed "paralyzed" flagella (Fla(+) Mot(-)), though motile variants from these strains were fully competent in yielding Fim(+) transductants. The property of motility was thought to facilitate the selective outgrowth of Fim(+) transductant bacteria by enabling them to migrate aerotactically to the surface of the broth where their fimbriae permitted them to float and grow in a pellicle stimulated by the free supply of atmospheric oxygen.
A Facile Route to Ferrocenyl- and 2-Thienylarylacetylenes<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Facile Route to Ferrocenyl- and 2-Thienylarylacetylenes1aM. D. Rausch, A. Siegel, and L. P. KlemannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 8, 2703–2704Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01346a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01346a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypoxia Inducible Factor–Dependent Regulation of Angiogenesis by Nitro–Fatty Acids (2011)

Our data disclose a novel physiological role for NO(2)-FAs, indicating that these compounds induce angiogenesis in an NO-dependent mechanism via activation of HIF-1α.
News (2001)

article Share on News Author: Douglas Blank View Profile Authors Info & Claims intelligenceVolume 12Issue 2Summer 2001pp 6–13https://doi.org/10.1145/378116.378119Published:01 June 2001Publication History 0citation141DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads141Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteGet Access
Palmitoylation in Alzheimers disease and other neurodegenerative diseases (2016)

Posttranslational modifications of proteins are important regulatory processes endowing the proteins functional complexity. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shed light on the roles of palmitoylation, one of the most common lipid modifications, in various aspects of neuronal functions. Major players regulating palmitoylation are the enzymes that mediate palmitoylation and depalmitoylation which are palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) and protein thioesterases, respectively. In this review, we will provide and discuss current understandings on palmitoyation/depalmitoylation control mediated by PATs and/or protein thioesterases for neuronal functions in general and also for Alzheimer's disease in particular, and other neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, schizophrenia and intellectual disability.
Recombinant trypsin production in high cell density fed‐batch cultures in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1993)

Fed-batch techniques were employed to obtain high cell density cultures (92-100 g DCW/L) of Escherichia coli strain X90 producing a recombinant serine protease, rat anionic trypsin, secreted to the periplasm. The specific growth rate was controlled to minimize growth-inhibiting acetate formation by utilizing an exponential feeding profile determined from mass balance equation. The volumetric yield of recombinant rat anionic trypsin was 56 mg/L, and the final cell density was 92 g DCW/L when the culture was induced in the late logarithmic phase. However, when the culture was induced in the early logarithmic phase, the volumetric yield was 13 mg/L and the final cell density was 14 g DCW/L. Thus, the induction timing is shown to have a significant effect on the final cell density as well as the overall volumetric yield of the recombinant protease.
A STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF 2,4-DINITROBENZENE SENSITIZERS BETWEEN ISOLATED LYMPH NODE CELLS AND EXTRACELLULAR MEDIUM IN RELATION TO INDUCTION OF CONTACT SKIN SENSITIVITY (1959)

Although induction of contact skin sensitivity by low molecular weight 2,4-dinitrobenzenes requires the formation in vivo of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-proteins, analogous protein conjugates prepared in vitro are unable to induce this hypersensitive state. Low molecular weight 2,4-dinitrobenzenes are concentrated by isolated lymph node cells, but a representative 2,4-dinitrophenyl-protein conjugate (2,4-dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin) was not taken up to a detectable extent by these cells. It is inferred that there exist large quantitative differences in the extent to which dinitrophenyl-proteins are localized within cells following the administration to an intact animal of (a) those simple dinitrobenzenes which are both concentrated by lymph node cells and have the capacity to form protein conjugates in vivo, and (b) 2,4-dinitrophenyl-protein conjugates prepared in vitro. It is suggested that this difference could account for the fact that a varietyof 2,4-dinitrophenyl-proteins prepared in vitro are unable to induce contact skin sensitivity.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance of a manifold microchannel heat sink for cooling of concentrated solar cells (2009)

The ever increasing need for more efficient utilization of solar energy at higher concentration levels in today's power technology; create a need for effective cooling methods to improve the dissipation heat flux level from concentrated solar cells. The present research is targeted at cooling small area, high concentration solar cells which are desired because of their higher electrical efficiency at higher concentration of solar flux. A novel manifold microchannel heat sink with high heat transfer coefficient was fabricated and tested. Manifold and microchannel are etched in two separate silicon substrates and eutectically bonded together to form a sealed heat sink. Compared to conventional microchannels, manifold microchannel provides less pressure drop due to short microchannels length, while allowing the redevelopment of thermal boundary layer in each channel to obtain high heat transfer coefficients. The microchannels can be directly microfabricated and integrated on the backside of the silicon solar cell and with a manifold fabricated in another silicon substrate; it can form a sealed heat sink. This type of designs not only minimizes the pressure drop, but also maximizes the heat transfer with eliminating the thermal interface resistance between the heated area and the heat sink. The experimental results suggest that the present heat sink can provide high heat transfer coefficients with only moderate pressure drops. Experimental results showed that a heat transfer coefficient of 65480 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K can be achieved at a flow rate of 1.1 gr/s and heat flux of 75 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using water as the working fluid. Since for all cases the flow is in thermal entry region, Nusselt number is not constant and it is shown that Nusselt number is correlated with Reynolds number to the power of 0.62.
The Influence of Zirconium and Boron on Low Carbon Steel Weld Metal Microstructure (1994)

By substituting zirconium-boron additions for titanium-boron additions in the weld deposit, further understanding of the role of specific microalloying additions on the suppression of grain boundary ferrite and the promotion of the intragranular formation of acicular ferrite in low carbon steel weld metal is achieved.
A review of engine noise source diagnostic methods for static engine tests, with phased arrays and polar correlation techniques (2008)

This paper reviews the state of the art of engine noise source evaluation
using microphone arrays and identifies issues that are currently not well
understood. It is found that most methods currently assume a model of
uncorrelated point sources. However it will be shown that this is not a
necessary assumption and images of the complete source CSD can be
obtained, but that the effect of source convection cannot be readily obtained
from the source image. It is also shown how source images can be
improved by frequency averaging across the far field CSD matrix. This
approaches reduces aliasing and improves the source image especially at
high frequencies.