gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐Protective Factors in Fruits and Vegetables: Biochemical and Biological Background. (1993)

Cancer-protective factors are present in several fruits, vegetables and commonly used spices and herbs. They can be divided into several different groups, based on their chemical structure, e.g. polyphenols, thiols, carotenoids and retinoids, carbohydrates, trace metals, terpenes, tocopherols and degradation products of glucosinolates (i.e. isothiocyanates, indoles and dithiothiols) and others. Among each of these groups of compounds are substances, which may exert their cancer-protective action by more than one biochemical mechanism. The biochemical processes of carcinogenesis are still not known in detail and probably varies with the cancer disease in question. Accordingly, the description of the biochemical backgrounds for the actions of cancer-protective factors must be based on a simplified model of the process of carcinogenesis. The model used in this presentation is a generalised initiation-promotion-conversion model, in which initiators are thought to be directly or indirectly genotoxic, promoters are visualised as substances capable of inferring a growth advantage on initiated cells and converters are believed to be genotoxic, e.g. mutagens, clastogens, recombinogens or the like. Experimental evidence for the mechanisms of action of cancer-protective agents in fruits and vegetables that protect against initiation include the scavenging effects of polyphenols on activated mutagens and carcinogens, the quenching of singlet oxygen and radicals by carotenoids, the antioxidant effects of many compounds including ascorbic acid and polyphenols, the inhibition of activating enzymes by some flavonols and tannins, the induction of oxidation- and of conjugation (protective) enzymes by indoles, isothiocyanates and dithiothiones, the shielding of sensitive structures by some polyphenols and the stimulation of DNA-repair exerted by sulphur-containing compounds. Mechanisms at the biochemical level in anti-promotion include the antioxidant effects of carotenoids and the membrane stabilizing effects reported with polyphenols, the inhibition of proteases caused by compounds from soybeans, the stimulation of immune responses seen with carotenoids and ascorbic acid and the inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase by polyphenols and carotenoids. A few inhibitors of conversion have been identified experimentally, and it can be argued on a theoretical basis, that many inhibitors of initiation should also be efficient against conversion. The mechanisms of anticarcinogenic substances in fruits and vegetables are discussed in the light of cancer prevention and inhibition.
Making and operating a gas-depolarized cell (1972)

The cathode of this metal/gas battery subdivides the interior of the cell housing into a gas passage and an enveloping electrolyte compartment. The anode plates in the electrolyte compartment may be interconnected to form a unit which is detachable from the cathode when the electrode assembly is removed from the housing. Thermal convection is used to circulate the depolarizing gas inside the housing. (RWR)
Inactivation of the p53 pathway in prostate cancer: impact on tumor progression. (1999)

To determine the potential role of p53 inactivation in prostate cancer, we studied a well characterized cohort of 86 patients treated with radical prostatectomy. We analyzed patterns of p53, mdm2, and p21/WAF1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters of poor outcome, including time to PSA relapse. In addition, data were also correlated with proliferative index, as assessed by Ki67 antigen detection. p53-positive phenotype, defined as identification of nuclear immunoreactivity in > 20% of tumor cells, was observed in 6 of 86 cases (7%). An association was observed between p53-positive phenotype and decreased time to PSA relapse (P < 0.01). mdm2-positive phenotype, defined as > or = 20% of tumor cells displaying nuclear immunoreactivity, was observed in 28 of 86 cases (32.5%). mdm-2-positive phenotype was found to be associated with advanced stage (P = 0.009). p21-positive phenotype, defined as > 5% of tumor cells with nuclear immunoreactivity, was observed in 28 of 86 cases (32.5%). An association was observed between p21-positive phenotype and high Ki67 proliferative index (P = 0.002). Patients with p21-positive phenotype had a significant association with decreased time to PSA relapse (P = 0.0165). In addition, a significant association was found between p21-positive phenotype and coexpression of mdm2 (P < 0.01). Forty-three of 86 cases (50%) were found to have one or more alterations, and patients with any alteration were found to have a higher rate of PSA relapse (P < 0.01). It is our hypothesis that a pathway of prostate cancer progression involves p53 inactivation caused by mdm2 overexpression and that p21 transactivation in this setting is due to an alternative signaling system, rather than through a p53-dependent mechanism.
Haemodialysis vascular access and fistula surveillance methods in The Netherlands (1999)

The use of PTFE grafts and other types of vascular accesses has increased at the expense of BC fistulas. Recirculation and venous pressure measurements are primarily done when problems occur and not according to a standard surveillance schedule. For visualization of failing fistulas, 79% of the centres uses Duplex ultrasound analysis and 100% angiography. The popularity of PTA has increased from 46 to 92% of the centres.
Effects of Yogurt Containing &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus gasseri&lt;/i&gt; OLL2716 on Autonomic Nerve Activities and Physiological Functions (2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of yogurt containing Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (LG21) on autonomic nerve activities, peripheral blood flow, skin condition (skin pig-mentations and moisture), saliva s-IgA and examination of quality of life (QOL). 20 healthy female volunteers (yogurt containing LG21 group: 10 people, yogurt containing Bifidobacterium (Bif) group: 10 people) were examined. The subjects ingested 100 g of yogurt twice daily for 4 weeks. Analysis was before and after 4 weeks dosage. By the effects for the autonomic nervous activity, parasympathetic increase was observed in the LG21 yogurt group, but was not significant increase. The LG21 yogurt was significantly increased on the peripheral blood flow. The LG21 yogurt was significantly increased on saliva s-IgA. The LG21 yogurt and Bif yogurt were significantly decrease on skin pigmentation. Also, LG21 yogurt was significantly increased on skin moisture. As a result of QOL questionnaire, incomplete evacuation, lower abdominal fullness, cold extremities and pimply or rough skin improved in LG21 yogurt and Bif yogurt after the administration period. These results suggest that the improvement effects of LG21 yogurt may be related to the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Pulse Doppler Radar Target Recognition using a Two-Stage SVM Procedure (2011)

It is possible to detect and classify moving and stationary targets using ground surveillance pulse-Doppler radars (PDRs). A two-stage support vector machine (SVM) based target classification scheme is described here. The first stage tries to estimate the most descriptive temporal segment of the radar echo signal and the target signal is classified using the selected temporal segment in the second stage. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients of radar echo signals are used as feature vectors in both stages. The proposed system is compared with the covariance and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based classifiers. The effects of the window duration and number of feature parameters over classification performance are also investigated. Experimental results are presented.
Movement Disorders Possibly Induced by Traditional Chinese Herbs (2003)

The authors describe the neurological presentation and CT/MRI findings in 4 patients exposed to overdoses of decoctions of two different Chinese herbs. Case 1, a 15-year-old boy, ingested herba serissae along with the safe-dosage Salvia miltiorrhiza for treating a left renal stone. Sophora subprostrata root (SSR) was primarily used for treating three other diseases: viral B hepatitis in case 2, a 9-year-old boy; infection of the throat and a low fever in case 3, a 11-year-old girl, and a minor facial infection in case 4, a 12-year-old boy. All patients showed complex neurological manifestations primarily including convulsions, mental changes and dystonia syndromes. Their CT and/or MRI revealed abnormal density lesions in the striatum and globus pallidus bilaterally. They excluded the possibility of Wilson's disease in each of the 4 patients and suggested that overdosage of SSR and herba serissae could cause intoxications of the central nervous system, particularly damage to the basal ganglia. Chemically, coumarin (case 1) and matrine and oxymatrine (cases 2-4) in the two medicinal herbs are suggested to be possibly responsible for the morbidity.
Web unit mining (2003)

In web classification, most researchers assume that the objects to classify are individual web pages from one or more web sites. In practice, the assumption is too restrictive since a web page itself may not always correspond to a concept instance of some semantic concept (or category) given to the classification task. In this paper, we want to relax this assumption and allow a concept instance to be represented by a subgraph of web pages or a set of web pages. We identify several new issues to be addressed when the assumption is removed, and formulate the web unit mining problem. We also propose an iterative web unit mining (iWUM) method that first finds subgraphs of web pages using some knowledge about web site structure. From these web subgraphs, web units are constructed and classified into semantic concepts (or categories) in an iterative manner. Our experiments using the WebKB dataset showed that iWUM improves the overall classification performance and works very well on the more structured parts of a web site.
Survival of human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare correlates with increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 (1991)

The long term survival of peripheral blood derived human macrophages (M phi) from normal, healthy donors after infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) correlates with the increased induction of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein by the infected M phi. This conclusion is based on the following observations: M phi from approximately 30% of the blood donors in our study die 3 to 4 days after inoculation (MAI-growth nonsupportive (NS], whereas M phi from the other donors survive inoculation with MAI for 7-10 days (MAI-growth supportive (S)). S-type M phi when infected with MAI had markedly increased amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein when compared to NS-type M phi. The effect of LPS on the induction of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein was also significantly enhanced in S-type M phi in comparison to NS cells. In contrast, IL-1 beta mRNA and protein production had similar increases in both donor types when infected with MAI or stimulated with LPS. The phenotype of the donors in the amount of TNF-alpha and IL-6 produced in response to MAI infection remained stable for a period of more than 1 yr. Pretreatment of NS M phi with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, but not IFN-gamma, however, converted NS M phi into a S-type cell phenotype. These granulocyte-macrophage-CSF pretreated NS M phi survived infection with MAI for a longer period of time and also had increased production of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA and protein. Cultures of S-type M phi infected with MAI had higher numbers of intracellular bacteria when compared to cultures of NS-infected M phi. Thus, increased survival of MAI-infected human M phi in vitro is correlated to increased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to infection with MAI.
Atopic Dermatitis: Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy (2008)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, relapsing skin disorder that negatively impacts the quality of life of those affected and that of their families. Treatment options for AD encompass a variety of emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical immunomodulators, phototherapy, and systemic agents. Such agents as systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, azathioprine, interferon-gamma, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil have been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD but are not officially approved for this purpose. In this article, we review some of the data supporting efficacy of these medications and discuss some of the adverse events associated with their use.
Efficient time-slot assignment algorithms for SS/TDMA systems with variable-bandwidth beams (1994)

In this paper, we present efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for computation of time-slot assignments in SS/TDMA (satellite-switched/time-division multiple-access) systems with variable-bandwidth beams. These algorithms are based on modeling the time-slot assignment (TSA) problem as a network-flow problem. Our sequential algorithm, in general, has a better time-complexity than a previous algorithm due to Gopal, et al. (1982) and generates fewer switching matrices. If M (N) is the number of uplink (downlink) beams, L is the length of any optimal TSA, and /spl alpha/ is the maximum bandwidth of an uplink or downlink beam, our sequential algorithm takes O((M+N)/sup 3/min(MN/spl alpha/,L)) time to compute an optimal TSA when the traffic-handling capacity of the satellite is of the same order as the total bandwidth of the links. Our parallel algorithm uses L/2 processors and has a time-complexity of O((M+N)/sup 3/logL) on a PRAM model of parallel computation. We then generalize this algorithm to P/spl les/L/2 processors and describe an efficient implementation of the algorithm on a hypercube multiprocessor with P processors. A massively-parallel version of the algorithm runs in O((M+N)/sup 2/log(M+N)logL) time on (M+N)L/2 processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Force generation by kinesin and myosin cytoskeletal motor proteins (2012)

Kinesins and myosins hydrolyze ATP, producing force that drives spindle assembly, vesicle transport and muscle contraction. How do motors do this? Here we discuss mechanisms of motor force transduction, based on their mechanochemical cycles and conformational changes observed in crystal structures. Distortion or twisting of the central β-sheet - proposed to trigger actin-induced Pi and ADP release by myosin, and microtubule-induced ADP release by kinesins - is shown in a movie depicting the transition between myosin ATP-like and nucleotide-free states. Structural changes in the switch I region form a tube that governs ATP hydrolysis and Pi release by the motors, explaining the essential role of switch I in hydrolysis. Comparison of the motor power strokes reveals that each stroke begins with the force-amplifying structure oriented opposite to the direction of rotation or swing. Motors undergo changes in their mechanochemical cycles in response to small-molecule inhibitors, several of which bind to kinesins by induced fit, trapping the motors in a state that resembles a force-producing conformation. An unusual motor activator specifically increases mechanical output by cardiac myosin, potentially providing valuable information about its mechanism of function. Further study is essential to understand motor mechanochemical coupling and energy transduction, and could lead to new therapies to treat human disease.
Genetic Algorithm Application to a Scheduling Problem in the Plastic Injection Molding Process (1998)

Genetic Algorithm is applied to a scheduling problem in the plastic injection molding process. The problem is simplified by combinig the jobs with the same die. Total lateness to the due date is taken as an evaluation function and rather sufficient solution is obtained by GA. Moreover, a modified decoding procedure is proposed to optimize the second objective, without decreasing the original evaluation value. Simulation with real data in an industry shows an effectiveness of the proposed method.
The molecular basis of phosphite and hypophosphite recognition by ABC-transporters (2017)

Inorganic phosphate is the major bioavailable form of the essential nutrient phosphorus. However, the concentration of phosphate in most natural habitats is low enough to limit microbial growth. Under phosphate-depleted conditions some bacteria utilise phosphite and hypophosphite as alternative sources of phosphorus, but the molecular basis of reduced phosphorus acquisition from the environment is not fully understood. Here, we present crystal structures and ligand binding affinities of periplasmic binding proteins from bacterial phosphite and hypophosphite ATP-binding cassette transporters. We reveal that phosphite and hypophosphite specificity results from a combination of steric selection and the presence of a P-H…π interaction between the ligand and a conserved aromatic residue in the ligand-binding pocket. The characterisation of high affinity and specific transporters has implications for the marine phosphorus redox cycle, and might aid the use of phosphite as an alternative phosphorus source in biotechnological, industrial and agricultural applications.
Performance Improvement of TDOA-Based Speaker Localization in Joint Noisy and Reverberant Conditions (2011)

TDOA- (time difference of arrival-) based algorithms are common methods for speech source localization. The generalized cross correlation (GCC) method is the most important approach for estimating TDOA between microphone pairs. The performance of this method significantly degrades in the presence of noise and reverberation. This paper addresses the problem of 3D localization in joint noisy and reverberant conditions and a single-speaker scenario. We first propose a modification to make the GCC-PHAse transform (GCC-PHAT) method robust against environment noise. Then, we use an iterative technique that employs location estimation to improve TDOAs accuracy. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real (practical) data (in a single-source scenario) show the capability of the proposed methods to significantly improve TDOA accuracy and, consequently, source location estimates.
Use of lithium niobate detector for measuring X-ray intensity in mammographic range (2004)

A detector system that can measure X-ray intensity in the mammographic range of 22 to 36 kVp (equivalent photon energies of the beam between 11 and 15 keV) is presented. It consists of a lithium niobate detector and a high-sensitivity current-to-voltage converter.
Microwave Quantum Illumination (2015)

Quantum illumination is a quantum-optical sensing technique in which an entangled source is exploited to improve the detection of a low-reflectivity object that is immersed in a bright thermal background. Here, we describe and analyze a system for applying this technique at microwave frequencies, a more appropriate spectral region for target detection than the optical, due to the naturally occurring bright thermal background in the microwave regime. We use an electro-optomechanical converter to entangle microwave signal and optical idler fields, with the former being sent to probe the target region and the latter being retained at the source. The microwave radiation collected from the target region is then phase conjugated and upconverted into an optical field that is combined with the retained idler in a joint-detection quantum measurement. The error probability of this microwave quantum-illumination system, or quantum radar, is shown to be superior to that of any classical microwave radar of equal transmitted energy.
Electromagnetic properties of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn/></mml:math>band in the rotational limit of the neutron-proton interacting boson model (2001)

Within the framework of the SU(3) limit of the neutron-proton interacting boson model the matrix elements of the angular momentum and the quadrupole operator between states belonging to the $K=1$ band are given in closed forms. To obtain the matrix elements analytically, we first derive the extended $\mathrm{U}(6)\ensuremath{\supset}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ isoscalar factors associated with low-lying bands by using the intrinsic SU(3) states. The extended $\mathrm{U}(6)\ensuremath{\supset}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ isoscalar factor is defined as the product of the ordinary $\mathrm{U}(6)\ensuremath{\supset}\mathrm{SU}(3)$ isoscalar factor and the U(6)-reduced matrix element of the one-body boson operator. Using these results, $M1$ and $E2$ intraband transition probabilities and the electromagnetic moments in the $K=1$ band are derived in closed forms.
Some Systolic Array Developments in the United Kingdom (1987)

Two major UK systolic array projects are described. The first concerns the development of a wavefront array processor for adaptive beamforming; the second concerns the design of bit-level systolic arrays for high-performance signal processing.
vNMF: Distributed fault detection using clustering approach for network function virtualization (2015)

Network function virtualization introduces additional complexity for network management through the use of virtualization environments. The amount of managed data and the operational complexity increases, which makes service assurance and failure recovery harder to realize. In response to this challenge, the paper proposes a distributed management function, called virtualized network management function (vNMF), to detect failures related to virtualized services. vNMF detects the failures by monitoring physical-layer statistics that are processed with a self-organizing map algorithm. Experimental results show that memory leaks and network congestion failures can be successfully detected and that and the accuracy of failure detection can be significantly improved compared to common k-means clustering.
[Computer-assisted regulation of blood pressure by drugs acting on the cardiovascular system. Problems in the development of a closed-loop control system]. (1986)

This article reports on the problems associated with the development and use of a computer programme for computer-monitored blood pressure control by means of cardio- and/or vasoactive drugs. The computer, a monitoring device routinely used in hospitals, and an infusion pump on the one hand, and the patient on the other, are part of a closed loop control system. Regulation is effected in the manner practised in hospitals, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) serving as an auxiliary controlled variable. The computer programme analyses the directly measured blood pressure curve in two respects: Detection and assessment of external disturbing factors and endogenously conditioned changes in the blood pressure curve and determination of MAP via a special control algorithm. With the help of a prototype of the automatic controller, the programme was subjected to extensive clinical trials in more than 140 patients to date. The programme was particularly successful wherever a residual circadian rhythm leads to variable requirements of vasopressor or cardiovascular drugs. The use of technical control algorithms has proved unsuitable because of the complex nature of blood pressure control.
A novel therapeutic drug (copper nicotinic acid complex) for non‐alcoholic fatty liver (2007)

The Cu complex may serve as a novel chemical restoring agent in fatty degenerated liver cells and for renewal of their structure and functions. However, clinical trials are required for more evaluation of the Cu complex in humans.