gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot‐Pressing Method to Consolidate <scp> <scp>Gd</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> ( <scp> <scp>Al</scp> </scp> , <scp> <scp>Ga</scp> </scp> ) <sub>5</sub> <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>12</sub> : <scp> <scp>Ce</scp> </scp> Garnet Scintillator Powder for use in an <scp>X</scp> ‐ray <scp>CT</scp> Detector (2012)

We have developed a hot‐pressing method for consolidating garnet scintillator powder of composition Gd 3 ( Al , Ga ) 5 O 12 : Ce . Thermodynamic analysis revealed that gallium oxide, which was a constituent of the garnet scintillator powder, would react with the graphite mold beginning at 950°C and would be reduced to gallium metal. To prevent this reaction during hot‐pressing, a reaction barrier material was placed between the graphite mold and the scintillator powder. As for the reaction barrier material, 3 Gd AlO 3 – Al 2 O 3 powder calcined at 1100°C was found to be suitable because the material provided two important characteristics: the same thermal expansion coefficient as the scintillator material and good sinterability. The Gd 3 ( Al , Ga ) 5 O 12 :Ce garnet scintillator powder was hot pressed at 1475°C for 4 h in vacuum, followed by annealing at 1300°C for 4 h in oxygen atmosphere. The thus obtained garnet scintillator successfully satisfied the necessary requirements for use in an X ‐ray computed tomography detector.
Circulating Concentrations of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate During Puberty (1975)

In order to quantitate the chronological change in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) levels during the period of sexual maturation, serum DHEA and DS concentration (3-5 PM) in 76 boys and 65 girls (ages 8 to 15) as well as in adult male and female subjects were measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay technique. Our data show a progressive and parallel increase in serum DHEA and DS concentrations in boys, and adult male levels were reached earlier for DHEA (age 13) than for DS (age 14). From age 8 to adult male, there was a 2.6-fold increase in DHEA (1.52 plus or minus 0.16 ng/ml to 3.91 lus or minus 0.34 ng/ml) and a 7.7-fold increase in DS (0.40 plus or minus 0.08 mug/ml to 3.09 plus or minus 0.36 mug/ml). The rise of DHEA and DS was not in a parallel fashion in girls; while DS rose progressively, DHEA showed an abrupt increase between 11 and 12 yr of age. Adult female range was reached by age 12 for DHEA and by age 15 for DS. From age 8 to adultfemale there was a 2.3-fold increase in DHEA (1.93 plus or minus 0.19 ng/ml to 4.49 plus or minus 0.76 ng/ml) and a 7.5-fold increase in DS (0.29 PLUS OR MINUS 0.05 MUg/ml to 2.17 plus or minus 0.34 mug/ml). The role of increased adrenal androgens inthe sexual development during early stages of puberty is discussed.
Mechanical Properties of β‐Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> ‐Whisker/Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> ‐Matrix Composites (1990)

Composites containing 30 vol%β‐Si 3 N 4 whiskers in a Si 3 N 4 matrix were fabricated by hot‐pressing. The composites exhibited fracture toughness values between 7.6 and 8.6 MPa · m 1/2 , compared to 4.0 MPa · m 1/2 for unreinforced polycrystalline Si 3 N 4 . The improvements in fracture toughness were attributed to crack wake effects, i.e., whisker bridging and pullout mechanisms.
A biocompatible open-surface droplet manipulation platform for detection of multi-nucleotide polymorphism (2014)

We present a novel and simple method to manipulate droplets applicable to an open-surface microfluidic platform. The platform comprised a control module for pneumatic droplets and a superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. With pneumatic suction to cause deflection of the flexible PDMS-based superhydrophobic membrane, the sample and reagent droplets on the membrane become transported and mixed. A facile one-step laser micromachining technique serves to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface; a contact angle of 150° and a hysteresis angle of 4° were achieved without chemical modification. Relative to previous open-surface microfluidic systems, this platform is capable of simultaneous and precise delivery of droplets in two-dimensional (2D) manipulation. Droplets were manipulated with suction, which avoided interference from an external driving energy (e.g. heat, light, electricity) to affect the bio-sample inside the droplets. Two common bio-samples, namely protein and DNA, verified the performance of the platform. Based on the experimental results, operations on protein can be implemented without adsorption on the surface of the platform. Another striking result is the visual screening for multi-nucleotide polymorphism with hybridization-mediated growth of gold-nanoparticle (AuNP) probes. The detection results are observable with the naked eye, without the aid of advanced instruments. The entire procedure only takes 5 min from the addition of the sample and reagent to obtaining the results, which is much quicker than the traditional method. The total sample volume consumed in each operation is only 10 μL, which is significantly less than what is required in a large system. According to this approach, the proposed platform is suitable for biological and chemical applications.
Field computation techniques in electron optics (1990)

The authors describe the software for the computer-aided design of electron and ion optical systems, with special emphasis on field computation in devices with diverse physical structures. These include electron guns, magnetic and electrostatic lenses and deflectors for electron-beam lithography and inspection systems, wide-angle lenses and deflectors for cathode-ray tubes, components with constructional errors, multiple lenses, and structures with fully three-dimensional field distributions. The computed fields are accurate enough for reliable evaluation of the optical properties, including the aberrations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is an adverse prognostic factor and a therapeutic target in esophageal adenocarcinoma (2010)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises in the backdrop of reflux-induced metaplastic phenomenon known as Barrett esophagus. The prognosis of advanced EAC is dismal, and there is an urgent need for identifying molecular targets for therapy. Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) was performed on metachronous mucosal biopsies from a patient who underwent progression to EAC during endoscopic surveillance. SAGE confirmed significant upregulation of Axl "tags" during the multistep progression of Barrett esophagus to EAC. In a cohort of 92 surgically resected EACs, Axl overexpression was associated with shortened median survival on both univariate (p < 0.004) and multivariate (p < 0.036) analysis. Genetic knockdown of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) function was enabled in two EAC lines (OE33 and JH-EsoAd1) using lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Genetic knockdown of Axl in EAC cell lines inhibited invasion, migration, and in vivo engraftment, which was accompanied by downregulation in the activity of the Ral GTPase proteins (RalA and RalB). Restoration of Ral activation rescued the transformed phenotype of EAC cell lines, suggesting a novel effector mechanism for Axl in cancer cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Axl was enabled using a small molecule antagonist, R428 (Rigel Pharmaceuticals). Pharmacological inhibition of Axl with R428 in EAC cell lines significantly reduced anchorage-independent growth, invasion and migration. Blockade of Axl function abrogated phosphorylation of ERBB2 (Her-2/neu) at the Tyr877 residue, indicative of receptor crosstalk. Axl RTK is an adverse prognostic factor in EAC. The availability of small molecule inhibitors of Axl function provides a tractable strategy for molecular therapy of established EAC.
Review of CdTe medical applications (1977)

CdTe sensors are now being used in several areas of nuclear medicine. CdTe probe technics, originally developed to study dental pathology in dog models, are being used clinically to diagnose venous thrombosis of the legs and to detect occult dental infections in patients scheduled for prosthetic cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery. Similar instrumentation is in use in animal research of myocardial infarction and synthetic tooth substitutes. Transmission technics have also been developed to diagnose pulmonary edema and to measure bone mineral changes in space flight. Investigations are also underway in the use of linear or two dimensional arrays of CdTe gamma sensors for medical imaging. Economic considerations have slowed this work, but the technology appears to be available. Development of photoconductive CdTe X-ray detectors for C. T. scanners has also begun. Rapid detector improvement will be needed for success in this field, but the potential usefulness is very great. Together, the present application results are encouraging and wide use of CdTe detectors should occur within only a few years.
Automatic analysis of pathological speech (2012)

De ernst van een spraakstoornis wordt vaak gemeten a.d.h.v. spraakverstaanbaarheid. Deze maat wordt in de klinische praktijk vaak bepaald met een perceptuele test. Zo’n test is van nature subjectief vermits de therapeut die de test afneemt de (stoornis van de) patiënt vaak kent en ook vertrouwd is met het gebruikte testmateriaal. Daarom is het interessant te onderzoeken of men met spraakherkenning een objectieve beoordelaar van verstaanbaarheid kan creëren. In deze thesis wordt een methodologie uitgewerkt om een gestandaardiseerde perceptuele test, het Nederlandstalig Spraakverstaanbaarheidsonderzoek (NSVO), te automatiseren. Hiervoor wordt gebruik gemaakt van spraakherkenning om de patiënt fonologisch en fonemisch te karakteriseren en uit deze karakterisering een spraakverstaanbaarheidsscore af te leiden. Experimenten hebben aangetoond dat de berekende scores zeer betrouwbaar zijn.\nVermits het NSVO met nonsenswoorden werkt, kunnen vooral kinderen hierdoor leesfouten maken. Daarom werden nieuwe methodes ontwikkeld, gebaseerd op betekenisdragende lopende spraak, die hiertegen robuust zijn en tegelijk ook in verschillende talen gebruikt kunnen worden. Met deze nieuwe modellen bleek het mogelijk te zijn om betrouwbare verstaanbaarheidsscores te berekenen voor Vlaamse, Nederlandse en Duitse spraak. Tenslotte heeft het onderzoek ook belangrijke stappen gezet in de richting van een automatische karakterisering van andere aspecten van de spraakstoornis, zoals articulatie en stemgeving.
Inorganic materials for photovoltaics: Status and futures challenges (2017)

This paper review the present technologies for the fabrication of solar cells and modules based on the most common semiconductors namely silicon, CuInGaSe(S) and CdTe materials as well as on III-V concentrated photovoltaic cells and modules. For silion technology, we give insights on the growth of monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon wafers and then we describe the most common solar cells designs and how to fabricate them. We also provide information about the fabrication of silicon modules and their performances. As for the thin-films solar cells, we present the structurale and optical properties of the CIGS and CdTe materials as well as the solar cell structures. The multi-junction concept cell that involves several III-V materials of different bandgaps is also described, and data on their fabrication, performances and mounting as modules are presented. Finally, a short outlook on the coming materials for solar cells is provided.
Cardioprotective growth factors (2009)

Many of the originally identified cardiovascular 'growth factors' have been demonstrated to exert a diverse variety of actions within the cardiovascular system, the majority of which are unrelated to their initially proposed mechanism of action. Interestingly, several of these growth factors have been demonstrated to protect the cardiomyocyte from the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury, through the activation of a variety of cell-surface receptors and the subsequent recruitment of a number of intracellular signal transduction pathways, which include components of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway. This article will review several of these cardioprotective growth factors with respect to their ability to confer direct myocardial protection, focusing on the underlying signalling pathways involved and their potential for clinical application.
Total hip arthroplasty: first experiences with pinless THA software to determine leg length and offset. (2007)

A rigid body fixation on the proximal femur is required for navigation during total hip arthroplasty. In surgery requiring a small incision, the fixation mechanism (C clamp or screw) may cause soft tissue damage and may force enlargement of the approach. New software available for the OrthoPilot navigation system (B. Braun Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) eliminates the need for a rigid body at the femur. Only one rigid body is placed on the iliac crest. Two additional palpations, one at the greater trochanter and one at the patella, establish the system of coordinates between pelvis and femur so that leg length and offset changes can be indicated.
ON THE NOTION OF SYNERGY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS DRUGS (2013)

History of developing synergy between monoclonal antibodies, anti-tumor activity of monoclonal antibodies against tyrosine-kinases receptors EGFR/ErbB-1 and HER2/ErbB-2 as well as growth factor VEGF in various combinations are considered in the article. There were proposed hypotheses about potential molecular mechanisms underlay synergy between monoclonal antibodies (for homo- and hetero combinations of antibodies appropriately specific for antigenic determinants on the same or different receptors). Future trends in researches necessary to deeper understanding causes of this phenomenon and perspectives for practical application of monoclonal antibodies acted synergistically as immunotherapeutic drugs for human tumors treatment are reviewed.
Real-Time Simulation of a Wind Turbine Generator Coupled With a Battery Supercapacitor Energy Storage System (2009)

Wind power generation studies of slow phenomena using a detailed model can be difficult to perform with a conventional offline simulation program. Due to the computational power and high-speed input and output, a real-time simulator is capable of conducting repetitive simulations of wind profiles in a short time with detailed models of critical components and allows testing of prototype controllers through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). This paper discusses methods to overcome the challenges of real-time simulation of wind systems, characterized by their complexity and high-frequency switching. A hybrid flow-battery supercapacitor energy storage system (ESS), coupled in a wind turbine generator to smooth wind power, is studied by real-time HIL simulation. The prototype controller is embedded in one real-time simulator, while the rest of the system is implemented in another independent simulator. The simulation results of the detailed wind system model show that the hybrid ESS has a lower battery cost, higher battery longevity, and improved overall efficiency over its reference ESS.
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Influences on the Management of Resectable Pancreatic Cancer and Its Cost-Effectiveness (2005)

PET/CT represents an important staging procedure prior to pancreatic resection for cancer, since it significantly improves patient selection and is cost-effective.
Colonel Roosevelt, Private Citizen (1933)

Colonel Roosevelt, Private Citizen. By Earle Looker. (New York : Fleming H. Revell Company, 1932. 232 pp. Illustrations and authorities. $2.50.) Get access C. S. Boucher C. S. Boucher University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 20, Issue 2, September 1933, Pages 292–293, https://doi.org/10.2307/1897016 Published: 01 September 1933
A Shader-Based Parallel Rendering Framework (2006)

Existing parallel or remote rendering solutions rely on communicating pixels, OpenGL commands, scene-graph changes or application-specific data. We propose an intermediate solution based on a set of independent graphics primitives that use hardware shaders to specify their visual appearance. Compared to an OpenGL based approach, it reduces the complexity of the model by eliminating most fixed function parameters while giving access to the latest functionalities of graphics cards. It also suppresses the OpenGL state machine that creates data dependencies making primitive re-scheduling difficult. Using a retained-mode communication protocol transmitting changes between each frame, combined with the possibility to use shaders to implement interactive data processing operations instead of sending final colors and geometry, we are able to optimize the network load. High level information such as bounding volumes is used to setup advanced schemes where primitives are issued in parallel, routed according to their visibility, merged and re-ordered when received for rendering. Different optimization algorithms can be efficiently implemented, saving network bandwidth or reducing texture switches for instance. We present performance results based on two VTK applications, a parallel iso-surface extraction and a parallel volume renderer. We compare our approach with Chromium. Results show that our approach leads to significantly better performance and scalability, while offering easy access to hardware accelerated rendering algorithms.
Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON for 128 subscribers using λ-selection-free transmitters (2004)

A WDM/TDM-PON with λ-selection-free transmitters is presented by cascading 1×16 AWGs and 1×8 splitters and employing ASE-injected FP-LDs. 1.25-Gb/s downstream and 622-Mb/s upstream transmissions over 60 °C temperature range are achieved in all 128 channels.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRACEREBRAL HEMATOMA AND ITS ABSORPTION TIME (2013)

Objective To explore the correlation between characteristics of intracerebral hematoma and its absorption time.Methods The imaging data of 82 patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage-blood volume ≤30 mL,not yet ruptured into brain ventricle-treated in Qingdao Municipal Hospital during June 2009—June 2012 were collected.They were divided into two groups as hematoma-difficult-absorption(hematoma absorption 50%) and hematoma-absorption(hematoma absorption ≥50%) based on hematoma absorption two weeks after the attack.The characteristics of hematoma on skull CT taken within 24 hours after the onset were compared between the two groups.Results The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant in terms of hematoma appearance,location,and CT value,but there was significant with regard to the volume of the hematoma(χ2=12.308,P0.05).Conclusion For supratentorial intracerebral hematoma of ≤30 mL and not yet broken into brain ventricle,the absorption time was not affected by bleeding part,the form of hematoma,and CT value,there is a direct correlation between bleeding volume and absorption time.
Statistical Text-to-Speech Synthesis Based on Segment-Wise Representation With a Norm Constraint (2010)

In statistical HMM-based text-to-speech systems (STTS), speech feature dynamics is modeled by first- and second-order feature frame differences, which, typically, do not satisfactorily represent frame to frame feature dynamics present in natural speech. The reduced dynamics results in over-smoothing of speech features, often sounding as muffled synthesized speech. In this correspondence, we propose a method to enhance a baseline STTS system by introducing a segment-wise model representation with a norm constraint. The segment-wise representation provides additional degrees of freedom in speech feature determination. We exploit these degrees of freedom for increasing the speech feature vector norm to match a norm constraint. As a result, statistically generated speech features are less over-smoothed, resulting in more natural sounding speech, as judged by listening tests.
Web-based interfaces for natural language processing tools (2005)

We have built web interfaces to a number of Natural Language Processing technologies. These interfaces allow students to experiment with different inputs and view corresponding output and inner workings of the systems. When possible, the interfaces also enable the student to modify the knowledge bases of the systems and view the resulting change in behavior. Such interfaces are important because they allow students without computer science background to learn by doing. Web interfaces also sidestep issues of platform dependency in software packages, available computer lab times, etc. We discuss our basic approach and lessons learned.
PhysIK: Physically Plausible and Intuitive Keyframing (2016)

We present an approach for animating characters using inverse kinematics (IK) handles that allows for intuitive keyframing of physically plausible motion. Specifically, we extend traditional IK and keyframing to include center-of-mass (CM) and inertia handles along with physically based templates to help an animator produce trajectories that respect physics during dynamic activities, such as swinging, stepping, and jumping. Animators can easily control both posture and physics-based quantities (inertia shape, CM position, and linear momentum) when building motions from scratch, but also have complete freedom to create exaggerated or impossible motions. We present results for a variety of planar characters of different morphologies.
A novel stereoscopic cue for figure-ground segregation of semi-transparent objects (2011)

The visual perception of semi-transparent objects, such as drinking glasses, is an open challenging problem. Unlike opaque objects, semi-transparent objects violate many of the standard vision assumptions, among them that figure-ground segmentation contains salient boundaries. More specifically, reliable motion and stereo cues for segmenting semi-transparent objects are not present because of the infeasibility of establishing correspondence. This paper describes a new discovery that semi-transparent objects are salient on the plane-parallax image generated by the inverse perspective mapping. A novel cue is introduced that reveals objects extruding from a planar support surface. Points on the support plane are consistent with a planar homography transformation, whereas extruding points from textured surfaces violate this mapping. Furthermore, extruding semi-transparent objects violate the mapping due to the refraction of light and strong specularities. The utility of this new cue is demonstrated in a novel detection and localization approach, where the cue is matched to a database of 3D models of semi-transparent objects. Preliminary empirical results suggest that the presented approach produces a small set of candidate locations for semi-transparent objects and yields accurate localization.
Radiographic Changes After Lumbar Discectomy (1993)

Fifty patients, with single-level disc herniations verified by computed tomography, took part in a study where they were randomized to either microsurgery or standard surgery. The aim of the study was to describe the changes on a series of radiographic examinations after disc resection, and to relate these changes to clinical symptoms. The study was prospective and the patients were examined with contrast-enhanced computed tomography during the first postoperative week, after 1-2 months, and after 1 year. At 1 year after surgery 16 patients showed posterior disc protrusion, 47 showed scar tissue, and 13 showed nerve root displacement. Microsurgically operated patients did not show less scar tissue. None of the postoperative radiographic changes had any definite correlation to remaining back pain or leg pain.