gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential IgG Subclass Responses to Epitopes in Transmembrane Protein of HIV-1 (1990)

The human IgG subclass response to epitopes of gp41, the transmembrane protein of HIV-1, was characterized. Twenty sera that reacted with a synthetic peptide, residues 583-599 of the env product, were analyzed in subclass-specific enzyme immunoassays with this and three other peptides: the inverted sequence (599-583; HIV-env:inv), an overlapping sequence (586-606), and one derived from the 3' end of the env gene (848-863). Also, the IgG subclass reactivities with the 583-599, 586-606 and 604-625 sequences of sera from 38 patients in various stages of HIV infection were studied. IgG1 was the most prevalent subclass. Most of the few IgG2-IgG4 reactions occurred with the peptide of the strongest antigenicity, HIV-env 604-625. The sera with detectable IgG2-IgG4 reactivity were titered to allow subclass comparisons in regions below absorbance plateaus. Two sera showed proportionately higher IgG3 relative to total IgG reactivity with HIV-env 583-599 than with HIV-env 586-606, which is indirect evidence that distinct antibody populations in these sera recognize these overlapping peptide sequences. Individual differences in the antibody response to this region may affect the immunologic control of the virus. Isotype analyses can contribute to dissection of these individualities, as shown here. High IgG reactivity with HIV-env 583-599, which was linked to absence of symptoms, resided largely in the IgG1 subclass. We found no other unambiguous association between clinical status and any IgG subclass pattern.
Evidence for use of fibrates in diabetic dyslipidemia: are we looking hard enough? (2011)

Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK Correspondence to Srinivasa P. Munigoti, Ward B7, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK Tel: +44 2920743000; e-mail: [email protected]
<scp>XII</scp><scp>XVI</scp>. Yeast sequencing reports. Mapping and sequencing of two yeast genes belonging to the ATP‐binding cassette superfamily (1994)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters share significant sequence identity within their ATP-binding domains. Degenerate oligonucleotides based on highly conserved portions of the ATP-binding domain genes were used to clone portions of two members of the ABC gene superfamily from Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. These genes were designated MDL1 and MDL2 (for multidrug resistance-like). Each MDL gene is predicted to encode a single set of transmembrane domains and a single ATP-binding domain, thus the MDL gene products are 'half-molecule' ABC proteins. The two genes were mapped to precise regions on chromosomes XII and XVI and show a considerable similarity to the mammalian P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance (MDR) and peptide transporter (TAP) genes. Preliminary analysis of null mutants constructed by gene replacement has indicated that the MDL genes are not essential for viability of yeast. The sequences have been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Numbers L16958 (Locus YSCBCSA) and L16959 (Locus YSCBCSB).
The Effects of Terminal Groups in 4–Aminoazobenzene and Disperse Dyes Related Thereto (1979)

The changes brought about by structural variations on the properties of disperse dyes derived from 4–aminoazobenzene and related compounds are described and discussed, with particular reference to modifications in terminal substituents. Relationships between electronic effects, steric effects, tautomeric equilibria and colour, and between fastness properties and dye structure are examined.
Improving multiplier design by using improved column compression tree and optimized final adder in CMOS technology (1995)

In this paper we discuss improvements in bit reduction techniques in a parallel multiplier and the use of a final adder which is optimized for the uneven signal arrival profile. Different architectures of the column compressors and the use of carry propagate adders which take advantage of the speed of the carry signal are considered. The column compressors configuration is optimized in order to reduce the longest signal path. The final adder is designed for the uneven input arrival time of the signals originating from the multiplier tree. This results in more compact wiring and balanced delays yielding a faster multiplier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>cis</i>‐Peptide Bonds: A Key for Intestinal Permeability of Peptides? (2015)

Recent structural studies on libraries of cyclic hexapeptides led to the identification of common backbone conformations that may be instrumental to the oral availability of peptides. Furthermore, the observation of differential Caco-2 permeabilities of enantiomeric pairs of some of these peptides strongly supports the concept of conformational specificity driven uptake and also suggests a pivotal role of carrier-mediated pathways for peptide transport, especially for scaffolds of polar nature. This work presents investigations on the Caco-2 and PAMPA permeability profiles of 13 selected N-methylated cyclic pentaalanine peptides derived from the basic cyclo(-D-Ala-Ala4 -) template. These molecules generally showed moderate to low transport in intestinal epithelia with a few of them exhibiting a Caco-2 permeability equal to or slightly higher than that of mannitol, a marker for paracellular permeability. We identified that the majority of the permeable cyclic penta- and hexapeptides possess an N-methylated cis-peptide bond, a structural feature that is also present in the orally available peptides cyclosporine A and the tri-N-methylated analogue of the Veber-Hirschmann peptide. Based on these observations it appears that the presence of N-methylated cis-peptide bonds at certain locations may promote the intestinal permeability of peptides through a suitable conformational preorganization.
A Transient-Resilient System-on-a-Chip Architecture with Support for On-Chip and Off-Chip TMR (2008)

The ongoing technological advances in the semiconductor industry make Multi-Processor System-on-a-Chips (MPSoCs) more attractive, because uniprocessor solutions do not scale satisfactorily with increasing transistor counts. In conjunction with the increasing rates of transient faults in logic and memory associated with the continuous reduction of feature sizes, this situation creates the need for novel MPSoC architectures. This paper introduces such an architecture, which supports the integration of multiple, heterogeneous IP cores that are interconnected by a time-triggered Network-on-a-Chip (NoC). Through its inherent fault isolation and determinism, the proposed MPSoC provides the basis for fault tolerance using Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). On-chip TMR improves the reliability of a MPSoC, e.g., by tolerating a transient fault in one of three replicated IP cores. Off-chip TMR with three MPSoCs can be used in the development of ultra-dependable applications (e.g., X-by-wire), where the reliability requirements exceed the reliability that is achievable using a single MPSoC. The paper quantifies the reliability benefits of the proposed MPSoC architecture by means of reliability modeling. These results demonstrate that the combination of on-chip and off-chip TMR contributes towards building more dependable distributed embedded real-time systems.
A new profession (2015)

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Modelling and Simulation of Photovoltaic-Variable Speed Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System for Off-Grid Rural Electrification (2012)

This paper presents the modelling and simulation of a Photovoltaic-Variable Speed Diesel Generator (PV-VSDG) Off-Grid hybrid power system for long term analytical performance studies. Two different types of diesel generators, namely the constant speed diesel generators (CSDG) and the VSDGs were considered for the simulations. The system components have been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results from Simulink were validated through comparison to the results obtained from the Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) simulation software. Simulink models were then used to evaluate the performance of all system configurations. Based on the analysis, it was found that systems using VSDGs perform better than those with conventional CSDGs. The developed models can be modified and used to study the systems’ performances using different power management strategies.
Twin studies and the genetics of Parkinson's disease—a reappraisal (1990)

Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been regarded as having a hereditary component. However, three recent twin studies have been interpreted as excluding any significant genetic component in the etiology of PD. In this article, we reexamine these twin studies and argue that such a conclusion is premature. We review statistical tests of twin concordance rates, including calculation of G, the coefficient of genetic determination. When variation in a trait is due entirely to genetic factors G = 1, and when variation in a trait is due entirely to nongenetic factors G = 0. We conclude that: (a) low monozygotic concordance rates can be compatible with substantial genetic contribution to etiology; (b) the PD twin study data give substantial optimal values of G (up to 0.78) but the very broad 95% confidence limits for G make it impossible for the twin study data to prove or disprove a substantial genetic component to the etiology of PD; and (c) changing clinical concepts of PD have undermined the assumptions underlying the methodology of the PD twin studies. We review three genetic models that are biologically plausible for PD and are compatible with the low twin concordance rates. Finally, we suggest that further family studies, including linkage studies, are needed to resolve this question.
TorchCraft: a Library for Machine Learning Research on Real-Time Strategy Games (2016)

We present TorchCraft, a library that enables deep learning research on Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games such as StarCraft: Brood War, by making it easier to control these games from a machine learning framework, here Torch. This white paper argues for using RTS games as a benchmark for AI research, and describes the design and components of TorchCraft.
Rapid Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria Through Assessment of Changes in Cellular Morphology (2016)

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare-associated costs. In this study, a novel assay based on bacterial cell elongation after exposure to an antibiotic (ceftazidime) was evaluated for its ability to rapidly detect resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The assay was used to detect resistance in a large collection of strains containing 320 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 171 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 212 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the results were compared to those obtained using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The assay identified ceftazidime-resistant strains with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for A. baumannii, 100% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity for K. pneumoniae, and with 82.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity for P. aeruginosa. Importantly, results were obtained in 1 hour 15 minutes from exponentially growing cultures. This study demonstrates that changes in cell length are highly correlated with phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility determined using standard susceptibility testing methods. This study therefore provides proof-of-concept that changes in cell morphology can be used as the basis for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance and provides the basis for the development of novel rapid diagnostics for the detection of antibiotic resistance.
Assuring application-level correctness against soft errors (2011)

Traditionally, research in fault tolerance has required architectural state to be numerically perfect for program execution to be correct. However, in many programs, even if execution is not 100% numerically correct, the program can still appear to execute correctly from the user's perspective. To quantify user satisfaction, application-level fidelity metrics (such as PSNR) can be used. The output for such applications is defined to be correct if the fidelity metrics satisfy a certain threshold. However, such applications still contain instructions whose outputs are critical -- i. e. their correctness decides if the overall quality of the program output is acceptable. In this paper, we present an analysis technique for identifying such critical program segments. More importantly, our technique is capable of guaranteeing application-level correctness through a combination of static analysis and runtime monitoring. Our static analysis consists of data flow analysis followed by control flow analysis to find static critical instructions which affect several instructions. Critical instructions are further refined into likely non-critical and likely critical sets in a profiling phase. At runtime, we use a monitoring scheme to monitor likely non-critical instructions and take remedial actions if some likely non-critical instructions become critical. Based on this analysis, we minimize the number of instructions that are duplicated and checked at runtime using a software-based fault detection and recovery technique [20]. Put together, our approach can lead to 22% average energy savings for multimedia applications while guaranteeing application-level correctness, when compared to a recent work [9], which cannot guarantee application-level correctness. Comparing to the approach proposed in [20] which guarantees both application-level and numerical correctness, our method achieves 79% energy reduction.
On the seismic behaviour of pile foundations in liquefiable soils (2012)

Negli ultimi decenni, ed in particolare dopo i terremoti di Niigata (Giappone, 1964) e di Anchorage (Alaska, 1964), la comunità scientifica ha rivolto grande attenzione allo studio del comportamento sismico delle opere di fondazione in terreni suscettibili di liquefazione. La ricerca sul tema è in grande espansione, ma ancora le conoscenze non si possono considerare sufficientemente consolidate. Prova ne è la perdurante assenza di risultati codificati o di chiare procedure in ambito normativo. La prima parte del presente lavoro è dedicata ad una revisione dei criteri esistenti in letteratura sui principali meccanismi di collasso che possono interessare le fondazioni su pali nelle condizioni sopracitate, limitatamente al caso di palo singolo. Nella seconda parte dell’articolo sono illustrati in dettaglio i fenomeni della dislocazione laterale e della instabilità euleriana, i quali sono generalmente considerati le principali cause di collasso, particolarmente nel caso di completa liquefazione del terreno. Per entrambi i fenomeni sono suggeriti i possibili metodi di analisi. Successivamente sono illustrate 15 case histories, in cui, per alcuni casi, si sono verificati fenomeni di instabilità euleriana. I risultati confermano che in presenza di pali snelli, soggetti ad elevati carichi assiali, il meccanismo di instabilità rappresenta la principale causa di collasso. A tal fine, viene proposta una procedura semplificata per il calcolo del carico critico del palo singolo in presenza di uno strato liquefacibile. Infine si rileva che, in particolari condizioni, il meccanismo di collasso può essere ben più complesso, in quanto determinato dalla interazione tra meccanismi più semplici. Tali casi ri
Direct synthesis of cascaded quadruplet (CQ) filters (1995)

Previous designs for CQ filters have required matrix rotation operations on the coupling matrix of the canonic form of the cross-coupled filters. This is a rather awkward and not entirely satisfactory process since the theory is not general, requiring the application of equations specific to each order of filter, and in fact has been developed only as far as even order 10. A new direct CQ synthesis has now been discovered having no such limitations. It is shown how the synthesis may be carried out by applying a new equivalent circuit identity to transform a lumped element filter into a cross-coupled CQ filter.
OXIDATION-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR REFRACTORY METALS (1961)

Refractory coatings, the only current means of preventing oxidaiion of refractory metals and their alloys, and refractory coating problems are discussed. (P.C.H.)
Identification of Hypoxic Cells Using an Organotellurium Tag Compatible with Mass Cytometry (2014)

Mass cytometry (MC) offers unparalleled potential for the development of highly parameterized assays for characterization of single cells within heterogeneous populations. Current reagents compatible with MC analysis employ antibody-metal-chelating polymer conjugates to report on the presence of biomarkers. Here, we expand the utility of MC by developing the first activity-based probe designed specifically for use with the technology. A compact MC-detectable telluroether is linked to a bioreductively sensitive 2-nitroimidazole scaffold, thereby generating a probe sensitive to cellular hypoxia. The probe exhibits low toxicity and is able to selectively label O2-deprived cells. A proof-of-concept experiment employing metal-bound DNA intercalators demonstrates that a heterogeneous mixture of cells with differential exposure to O2 can be effectively discriminated by the quantity of tellurium-labeling. The organotellurium reagents described herein provide a general approach to the development of a large toolkit of MC-compatible probes for activity-based profiling of single cells.
Dispersive table-based large-signal FET model validated in analysis of MMIC frequency doubler (1996)

For the first time, we implemented an entirely table-based FET-model on the user-level of a harmonic balance program, without developing specific simulator code. In this model, all element values of the equivalent large-signal circuit for the inner transistor are interpolated from data tables. The inner transistor is constituted of charge and current sources, which are derived by integration over small-signal quantities. The dispersion effect of transconductance and output conductance is also covered. A GaAs MMIC 12/24 GHz frequency doubler has been designed and simulated with this advanced FET model. The good agreement as well in magnitude as in phase between measured and simulated results confirms the validity of this model.
Induction of HIV-1-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice Vaccinated with a Recombinant Sendai Virus Vector (2002)

VinlS-SpeCc CD8+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies are important effectors against Virus infections in the host.We have been studying a re90mbinant Sendai virus (SeV) Vector system as an AIDS vacclne Candidate (1-4).We constmcted a recombinant SeV vector expresslng Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein and showed its potential for efFiciently inducing antigenIspecific CD8+ T cells in macaques (3,4) In this study, uslng a mouse model, We examined if the recombinant SeV vector-based vaccine system can induce virus-Specific neutralizing antibodies as well.Two kinds of SeV vectors expressing HIVl envelope glycoproteins (Env), SeV/gp160 and SeV/gp140, were
Microfluidic Magnetic Bead Assay for Cell Detection (2015)

We present a novel cell detection device based on a magnetic bead cell assay and microfluidic Coulter counting technology. The device cannot only accurately measure cells size distribution and concentration but also detect specific target cells. The device consists of two identical micro Coulter counters separated by a fluid chamber where an external magnetic field is applied. Antibody-functionalized magnetic beads were bound to specific antigens expressed on the target cells. A high-gradient magnetic field was applied to the chamber closer to the second counter via an external cylindrical magnet. Because of the magnetic interaction between the magnetic beads and the magnetic field, target cells were retarded by the magnetic field; transit time of a target cell (bound with magnetic beads) passing through the second counter was longer than that through the first counter. In comparison, transit times of a nontarget cell remained nearly the same when it passed through both counters. Thus, from the transit time delay we can identify target cells and quantify their concentration in a cell suspension. The transit time and the size of each cell were accurately measured in terms of the width and amplitude of the resistive pulses generated from the two Coulter counters. Experiments demonstrated that for mixed cells with various target cell ratios, the transit time delay increased approximately linearly with the increasing target cell ratio. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was estimated to be 5.6% in terms of target cell ratio. Cell viability tests further demonstrated that most cells were viable after the detection. With the simple device configuration and easy sample preparation, this rapid and reliable method is expected to accurately detect target cells and could be applied to facilitate stem cell isolation and characterization.
<b>Boron-Containing Analogs of Isoquinoline</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-Containing Analogs of IsoquinolineMichael J. S. Dewar and Ralph C. DoughertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 13, 2648–2649Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00872a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00872a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Semantic Search Model based on Locality-sensitive Hashing in mobile P2P (2008)

In this paper we have explored the issue of how to integrate semantics searching into a mobile P2P system. Our semantic searching approach is based on LSH where the semantically close documents are clustered to the same peers with high probability. For a query, we chose several points randomly from the neighborhood of the query as the semantic searching key. Our approach only adds index information to super nodes, and mobile node only needs small energy and CPU consumption.