gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic T cells induce rapid CD34+ cell differentiation into CD11c+CD86+ cells with direct and indirect antigen-presenting function (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) derive from CD34+ cells or monocytes and stimulate alloimmune responses in transplantation. We hypothesized that the interaction between CD34+ cells and allogeneic T cells would influence the function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells proliferated briskly in response to allogeneic, but not autologous, T cells when mixed with irradiated T cells for 6 days in vitro. This proliferation was significantly inhibited by an anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibody (mAb), by an anti-TNFalpha mAb, or by CTLA4-Ig. Allogeneic T cells induced the differentiation of CD34+ progenitors into cells with the morphology of dendritic monocytic precursors and characterized by the expression of HLA-DR, CD86, CD40, CD14, and CD11c, due to an endogenous release of TNFalpha. Cotransplantation of CD34+ cells with allogeneic T cells into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice resulted in a greater engraftment of myeloid CD1c+ dendritic cells compared with cotransplantation with autologous T cells. In vitro, CD34+ cell-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were functionally capable of both direct and indirect presentation of alloantigens. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that in HSC transplantation the initial cross talk between allogeneic T cells and CD34+ cells may result in the increased generation of APCs that can present host alloantigens and possibly contribute to the development of graft-versus-host disease.
Load forecasting for the efficient energy management of HVAC systems (2010)

In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are used to achieve cooling load forecasting in HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning) systems. Load forecasting is crucial in plant configurations making use of thermal storage technologies, where, during the nighttime, part or most of the energy required during daytime is produced at lower cost by cooling or icing water. Load forecasting is then needed to quantify the energy to be stored for the following daytime and to set up strategies for its release during daytime. Although many algorithms have been presented in the literature for load forecasting, they often need as input a large data set, that is not always available in practical situations. In this paper, we present an algorithm based on ANNs that allows to obtain sufficiently accurate load predictions by exploiting a limited data set, obtained by measuring quantities that are typically available in standard HVAC installations. Furthermore, knowledge of the current thermal load (which is needed to setup the data set for ANN training) can be obtained by using a load estimation algorithm previously proposed by some of the authors, that only need basic knowledge of the system hydronics. Another distinctive feature of the algorithm is the use of the AHU schedule as a means for inferring information on the internal loads, which is in general not available in practice. Simulation results for both CAV and VAV HVAC systems confirm the viability of the approach.
Modification of chiral dimethyl tartrate through transesterification: Immobilization on POSS and enantioselectivity reversal in sharpless asymmetric epoxidation (2009)

Modification of dimethyl tartrate has been investigated through transesterification with aminoalcohols to provide reactive functionalities for the covalent bonding of chiral tartrate to polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The transesterification of dimethyl tartrate has been widely studied using different catalytic systems and reaction conditions. Through the proper selection of both the catalytic system and the reaction conditions, it is possible to achieve monosubstituted or bis-substituted tartrate derivatives as sole products. All the intermediate chiral tartrate-derived ligands were successfully used in the homogeneous enantioselective epoxidation of allylic alcohols providing moderate enantiomeric excess over the products. Attached amine groups have been used to support the modified tartrate ligands on to a haloaryl-functionalized silsesquioxane moiety. This final chiral tartrate ligand displays reverse enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols with regard to the starting dimethyl tartrate ligand, both molecules having the same chiral sign. However, the POSS-containing ligand can be easily recovered in almost quantitative yield and reused in asymmetric epoxidation reactions. In addition, recovered silsesquioxane-pendant ligand, though displaying decreasing catalytic activity in recycling epoxidation tests, showed very stable enantioselective behavior.
Structural Peptides of a Nonenveloped Virus Are Involved in Assembly and Membrane Translocation (2005)

The capsid of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus of the family Birnaviridae, has a T=13l icosahedral shell constituted by a single protein, VP2, and several disordered peptides, all derived from the precursor pVP2. In this study, we show that two of the peptides, pep11 and pep46, control virus assembly and cell entry. Deletion of pep11 or even simple substitution of most of its residues blocks the capsid morphogenesis. Removal of pep46 also prevents capsid assembly but leads to the formation of subviral particles formed by unprocessed VP2 species. Fitting with the VP2 atomic model into three-dimensional reconstructions of these particles demonstrates that the presence of uncleaved pep46 causes a steric hindrance at the vertices, blocking fivefold axis formation. Mutagenesis of the pVP2 maturation sites confirms that C terminus processing is necessary for VP2 to acquire the correct icosahedral architecture. All peptides present on virions are accessible to proteases or biochemical labeling. One of them, pep46, is shown to induce large structural rearrangements in liposomes and to destabilize target membranes, demonstrating its implication in cell entry.
[Study of effect and mechanism of c-myb on the fertilization in mouse]. (2005)

c-myb ASODNs is closely correlated with fertilization. Verapamil can inhibit fertilization in vitro through regulating Myb expression of sperm, while GABA, dbcAMP and Verapamil may affect the process of fertilization through the way other than Myb expression.
Preparation of Novel Dideuterioallyl Mercaptan (2003)

Mass spectrometry is known to be the most accurate method for the quantitative analysis of flavor ingredients in food. For successful analysis with the method called ‘stable isotope dilution assay’, the isotopically labeled compound of each component is necessary. 1 A difference in mass units of two or more gives the best results in the quantitative determination of each ingredient. In order to analyze the allyl mercaptan present in the odor of bulgogi (a popular Korean dish) we needed to have allyl mercaptan-1,1-d2 or allyl mercaptan-2,3-d2. Neithr compound has been reported in the literature. One of the logical schemes for the synthesis is to preparing corresponding allyl alcohol (2) and converting it to the corresponding mercaptan. Allyl alcohol-d5 (CD2=CDCD2OH) is commercially available, but the -1,1- d2 or -2,3-d2 alcohol is not. Allyl alcohol-1,1-d2 has been reported to be prepared by reduction of acryloyl chloride with LiAlD 4. 2 There are numerous citations of the use of LiAlH 4 for the reduction of α ,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to alkenols. For example, a reference book states that lithium aluminum hydride reduces exclusively the carbonyl group, even in an unsaturated acid with α ,β-conjugated double bonds. 3 The reference that was cited for the statement reported the reduction of acetylenedicarboxylic acid to 2-butene-1,4-diol (84% yield with 98% purity), fumaric acid to 2-butene-1,4diol (78% yield), acrylic acid ( 1) to allyl alcohol ( 2, 68% yield), and propiolic acid ( 5) to allyl alcohol ( 2, 85% yield). 4 Allyl alcohol (2) was not reduced to n-propyl alcohol (3) under the conditions, but such reduction was accomplished in 26% yield by heating the mixture in dibutyl ether at 100 o C for 3 h. 5 It should be pointed out that 0.75 mole of LiAlH 4 is required for reduction of 1 mole of RCOOH to RCH2OH and H2. But 0.283 mole of 1 and 0.35 mole of LiAlH4 in ether was reacted at room temperature for 16 h for the reduction of 1 to 2. 4
CityPersons: A Diverse Dataset for Pedestrian Detection (2017)

Convnets have enabled significant progress in pedestrian detection recently, but there are still open questions regarding suitable architectures and training data. We revisit CNN design and point out key adaptations, enabling plain FasterRCNN to obtain state-of-the-art results on the Caltech dataset. To achieve further improvement from more and better data, we introduce CityPersons, a new set of person annotations on top of the Cityscapes dataset. The diversity of CityPersons allows us for the first time to train one single CNN model that generalizes well over multiple benchmarks. Moreover, with additional training with CityPersons, we obtain top results using FasterRCNN on Caltech, improving especially for more difficult cases (heavy occlusion and small scale) and providing higher localization quality.
Effect of Riblets on Pressure Recovery in a Straight-Walled Diffuser (1990)

Abstract : The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of riblets on the pressure recovery in a straight-walled diffuser. Previous work has shown that riblets were effective in reducing the viscous drag over surfaces subjected to a turbulent boundary layer. More recently, riblets were shown to delay the flow separation within a subsonic, straight-walled diffuser by as much as 200%. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect on the pressure distribution within a diffuser that has had the flow separation point favorably altered by the application of riblets. Investigation results revealed that riblets not only delayed flow separation in a diffuser, but also altered the pressure distribution in a manner that allowed for improved recovery. This improvement was realized by an increase in the pressure coefficient of between 30-38% the larger increases occurring for those diffuser geometrics most likely leading to stall (high aspect ratio). Additionally, it was discovered that the introduction of static ports into the riblet surface did not significantly alter the flowfield over that of a geometrically similar riblet surface.
<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: Emergence of Four Strains with Novel<i>bla</i><sub>OXA-51-like</sub>Genes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (2009)

Twenty isolates were identified as A. baumannii and were all highly resistant to 38% of the antibiotics tested and the majority of isolates were also resistant to 50% of the remaining antibiotics. four strains had low-level meropenem resistance (MIC 4-8 mg/l). All isolates were sensitive to imipenem and colistin. Nine strains possessed four novel bla( OXA-51-like )genes encoding beta-lactamases designated OXA-90, OXA-130, OXA-131 and OXA-132, and four strains contained bla(OXA-131 )with ISAba1 upstream of the gene structure. PFGE showed five separate clusters of OXA-51-like enzymes and the dissemination of strains carrying the four novel enzymes was clonal. this study showed that new strains of A. baumannii characterised by their new bla(OXA-51-like )gene have emerged. No genes encoding OXA-23-like, OXA-40-like, or OXA-58-like beta-lactamases were found. Surveillance of A. baumannii harbouring the bla( OXA-131-like )gene may be an essential step in monitoring their carbapenem resistance phenotype and may assist in preventing their spread in diabetics.
Section 1. 최신지견 : 당뇨병 진단, 검사 방법들의 변천사 (2010)

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus has been based on the hyperglycemic symptoms, fasting plasma glucose level, and the 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose level. Glycosylated hemoglobin A (hemoglobin A1C) has been used as a marker for chronic hyperglycemia, and recently, the American Diabetes Association included hemoglobin A1C test in diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. (Korean Clinical Diabetes J 11:4-9, 2010)
Pseudohypha budding patterns of <i>Candida albicans</i> (2009)

Pseudohyphal growth of Candida albicans has been recognized as a morphological growth form that exhibits characteristics that are distinct from those of the budding yeast phase and true hyphal form of this pathogenic fungus. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pseudohypha growth involves synchronous unipolar cell divisions that are a modification of the bipolar budding pattern of diploid cells. While pseudohyphae of C. albicans also exhibit unipolar cell divisions, live cell imaging demonstrated departures from the normal unipolar pattern. Buds occasionally followed a bipolar or axial budding event in which buds could be formed from the proximal or distal ends of a parent pseudohypha. This extends the known morphological repertoire of cell division patterns in C. albicans pseudohyphal cells.
Bioremediation (Natural Attenuation and Biostimulation) of Diesel-Oil-Contaminated Soil in an Alpine Glacier Skiing Area (2001)

We investigated the feasibility of bioremediation as a treatment option for a chronically diesel-oil-polluted soil in an alpine glacier area at an altitude of 2,875 m above sea level. To examine the efficiencies of natural attenuation and biostimulation, we used field-incubated lysimeters (mesocosms) with unfertilized and fertilized (N-P-K) soil. For three summer seasons (July 1997 to September 1999), we monitored changes in hydrocarbon concentrations in soil and soil leachate and the accompanying changes in soil microbial counts and activity. A significant reduction in the diesel oil level could be achieved. At the end of the third summer season (after 780 days), the initial level of contamination (2,612 +/- 70 microg of hydrocarbons g [dry weight] of soil(-1)) was reduced by (50 +/- 4)% and (70 +/- 2)% in the unfertilized and fertilized soil, respectively. Nonetheless, the residual levels of contamination (1,296 +/- 110 and 774 +/- 52 microg of hydrocarbons g [dry weight] of soil(-1) in the unfertilized and fertilized soil, respectively) were still high. Most of the hydrocarbon loss occurred during the first summer season ([42 +/- 6]% loss) in the fertilized soil and during the second summer season ([41 +/- 4]% loss) in the unfertilized soil. In the fertilized soil, all biological parameters (microbial numbers, soil respiration, catalase and lipase activities) were significantly enhanced and correlated significantly with each other, as well as with the residual hydrocarbon concentration, pointing to the importance of biodegradation. The effect of biostimulation of the indigenous soil microorganisms declined with time. The microbial activities in the unfertilized soil fluctuated around background levels during the whole study.
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms and other arterial lesions. (1994)

The diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been established with increasing frequency during the past two decades. Although AAA may cause distal embolization, rupture remains the most common and deadly complication. For nearly 40 years, elective replacement with a synthetic graft has proved to be the most appropriate method to prevent AAA rupture, and it has been associated with a postoperative mortality rate of less than 5% at most medical centers. Nonfatal complications occur with some regularity, irrespective of the setting in which the operation is performed. Increasingly, vascular surgeons are encountering older patients with severe comorbid medical conditions that can increase operative morbidity and may significantly elevate mortality. This, in turn, can increase operative morbidity and may significantly elevate mortality for aortic surgery. An alternative form of treatment such as induction of aneurysm thrombosis generally has been abandoned despite preliminary reports ofinitial success.
Dynamic generation of technical documentation for medical devices (2014)

In this paper the concept of a novel software tool for dynamic generation of technical documentation of medical devices is presented. The system is based on a relational database and increases reciprocity between sections of the technical documentation (e.g. intended purpose, classification, risk analysis, verifications and tests) through relational links. An algorithm for semi-automatic classification of medical devices according to Annex IX of the European medical device directive was implemented and experimentally compared to manual classification. The algorithmic classification was significantly faster than manual with an error probability of 0,1%. The results show that algorithmic classification is more than equal to manual classification with the benefit of structured data entry, which can be linked to further sections of the documentation such as risk analysis.
Prophylactic Atenolol Reduces Postoperative Myocardial Ischemia (1999)

WALLACE, ARTHUR; LAYUG, BETH; TATEO, IDA; LI, JULIET; HOLLENBERG, MILTON; BROWNER, WARREN; MILLER, DAVID; MANGANO, DENNIS T. FOR THE MCSPI RESEARCH GROUPAuthor Information
Fabrication of Stimulus-Responsive Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes by Scanning-Probe Lithography (2004)

Stimulus-responsive, surface confined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAM) brush nanopatterns were prepared on gold-coated silicon substrates in a “grafting-from” approach that combines “nanoshaving”, a scanning probe lithography method, with surface-initiated polymerization using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The reversible, stimulus-responsive conformational height change of these nanopatterned polymer brushes was demonstrated by inverse transition cycling in water, and water−methanol mixtures (1:1, v:v). Our findings are consistent with the behavior of laterally confined and covalently attached polymer chains, where chain mobility is restricted largely to the out-of-plane direction. Our nanofabrication approach is generic and can likely be extended to a wide range of vinyl monomers.
Estimation of a Generalized Fishery Model: A Two-Stage Approach (2010)

U.S. federal law calls for an end to overfishing, but measuring overfishing requires knowledge of bioeconomic parameters. Using microlevel economic data from the commercial fishery, this paper proposes a two-stage approach to estimate these parameters for a generalized fishery model. In the first stage, a fishery production function is consistently estimated by a within-period estimator treating the latent stock as a fixed effect. The estimated stock is then substituted into an equation of fish stock dynamics to estimate all other biological parameters. The bootstrap approach is used to correct the standard errors in the two-stage model. This method is applied to the reef-fish fishery in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The traditional method, which uses catch-per-unit-effort as a stock proxy, significantly overstates the optimal harvest level.
Fabrication, Sensation and Control of Fluidic Elastomer Actuators and Their Application towards Hand Orthotics and Prosthetics (2017)

Due to their continuous and natural motion, fluidic elastomer actuators (FEAs) have shown potential in a range of robotic applications including prosthetics and orthotics. Despite their advantages and rapid developments, robots using these actuators still have several challenging issues to be addressed. First, the reliable production of low cost and complex actuators that can apply high forces is necessary, yet none of existing fabrication methods are both easy to implement and of high force output. Next, compliant or stretchable sensors that can be embedded into their bodies for sophisticated functions are required, however, many of these sensors suffer from hysteresis, fabrication complexity, chemical safety and environmental instability, and material incompatibility with soft actuators. Finally, feedback control for FEAs is necessary to achieve better performance, but most soft robots are still ?open-loop?. In this dissertation, I intend to help solve the above issues and drive the applications of soft robotics towards hand orthotics and prosthetics. First, I adapt rotational casting as a new manufacturing method for soft actuators. I present a cuboid soft actuator that can generate a force of >25 N at its tip, a near ten-fold increase over similar actuators previously reported. Next, I propose a soft orthotic finger with position control enabled via embedded optical fiber. I monitor both the static and dynamic states via the optical sensor and achieve the prescribed curvatures accurately and with stability by a gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative controller. Then I develop the soft orthotic fingers into a low-cost, closed-loop controlled, soft orthotic glove that can be worn by a typical human hand and helpful for grasping light objects, while also providing finger position control. I achieve motion control with inexpensive, binary pneumatic switches controlled by a simple finite-state-machine. Finally, I report the first use of stretchable optical waveguides for strain sensing in a soft prosthetic hand. These optoelectronic strain sensors are easy to fabricate, chemically inert, and demonstrate low hysteresis and high precision in their output signals. I use the optoelectronically innervated prosthetic hand to conduct various active sensation experiments inspired by the capabilities of a real hand.
The Thyroid and Breast Cancer: A Significant Association? (1997)

The coincidence of thyroid disorders and breast cancer has long been a subject of debate. Associations with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis and nontoxic goitre have been reported. Although no convincing evidence exists of a causal role for overt thyroid disease in breast cancer, the preponderance of published work favours an association with hypothyroidism. Geographical variations in the incidence of breast cancer have been attributed to differences in dietary iodine intake and an effect of iodide on the breast has been postulated. Recent reports have shown a direct association between thyroid enlargement, as assessed by ultrasound, and breast cancer. Although the exact mechanism for the demonstrated association between diseases of the thyroid and breast cancer remains to be elucidated, there is at least the possibility that the presence of thyroid abnormalities may influence breast cancer progression and this alone should stimulate awareness into the coincidence of the two disorders.
An eight-user time-slotted SPECTS O-CDMA testbed: demonstration and simulations (2005)

This paper demonstrates an eight-user 9 Gb/s/user time-slotted spectral phase-encoded time-spreading (SPECTS) optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) testbed. Experimentally measured performance is compared to numerical simulations. The testbed employs a novel compact fiber-pigtailed bulk-optics setup that utilizes a single two-dimensional (2-D) phase modulator for encoding multiple channels, each with a unique 64-chip Walsh code. The time-gated receiver is composed of a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) and a nonlinear thresholder each utilizing a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) as the nonlinear element. The testbed operates error free with up to six users and at a bit error rate BER<10/sup -9/ for eight simultaneous users. Careful modeling of each component in the testbed allows a close match between simulated and experimentally measured testbed performance.
[The pepsinogen-pepsin system in gastroduodenal pathology in children]. (1991)

The changes in the pepsinogen pepsin system reflect the degree of morphological alterations in the gastric mucosa. Based on the results of examining 98 children suffering from gastroduodenal diseases, the possibility is shown of distinguishing genetic and biochemical markers of duodenal ulcer. The characteristic features of the isoenzymic spectrum of pepsinogen-pepsin in different gastroduodenal diseases are demonstrated.