gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chattering handling for variable structure control systems (2002)

Variable structure control (VSC) has been known theoretically as a powerful control technique capable of providing very robust control, even invariant under certain conditions, with respect to system parameter variations and external disturbances. However, the technique has not had wide spread acceptance in the control engineering community, largely because of the worry of chattering which is ever-existing in any VSC system. In this paper, two approaches are proposed to handle different types of chattering. One makes use of plant augmentation and the other makes use of a fuzzy technique. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of these methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constituents of microbial iron chelators. Alternate syntheses of .delta.-N-hydroxy-L-ornithine derivatives and applications to the synthesis of rhodotorulic acid (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConstituents of microbial iron chelators. Alternate syntheses of .delta.-N-hydroxy-L-ornithine derivatives and applications to the synthesis of rhodotorulic acidByung Hyun Lee, Gary J. Gerfen, and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2418–2423Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Helper lipid structure influences protein adsorption and delivery of lipid nanoparticles to spleen and liver (2020)

Nucleic acids, such as messenger RNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, and short interfering RNAs, hold great promise for treating previously 'undruggable' diseases. However, there are numerous biological barriers that hinder nucleic acid delivery to target cells and tissues. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed to protect nucleic acids from degradation and mediate their intracellular delivery, it is challenging to predict how alterations in LNP formulation parameters influence delivery to different organs. In this study, we utilized high-throughput in vivo screening to probe for structure-function relationships of intravenously administered LNPs along with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to measure the binding affinity of LNPs to apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein implicated in the clearance and uptake of lipoproteins by the liver. High-throughput in vivo screening of a library consisting of 96 LNPs identified several formulations containing the helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) that preferentially accumulated in the liver, while identical LNPs that substituted DOPE with the helper lipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) preferentially accumulated in the spleen. Using QCM-D, it was found that one DOPE-containing LNP formulation (LNP 42) had stronger interactions with ApoE than an identical LNP formulation that substituted DOPE with DSPC (LNP 90). In order to further validate our findings, we formulated LNP 42 and LNP 90 to encapsulate Cy3-siRNA or mRNA encoding for firefly luciferase. The DSPC-containing LNP (LNP 90) was found to increase delivery to the spleen for both siRNA (two-fold) and mRNA (five-fold). In terms of liver delivery, the DOPE-containing LNP (LNP 42) enhanced mRNA delivery to the liver by two-fold and improved liver transfection by three-fold. Understanding the role of the helper lipid in LNP biodistribution and ApoE adsorption may aid in the future design of LNPs for nucleic acid therapeutics.
A Phase II Trial of Deferoxamine in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer (1997)

The management of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer remains a therapeutic dilemma. We report the results of a phase II trial with deferoxamine administrated at a dose of 50 mg/kg (maximum dose 5 g) administered intravenously over 8 hr daily, repeated for 5 days at 4-week intervals for 2 courses. Fourteen patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer were treated and 28 courses were delivered. Essentially no toxicity was observed. Using combined clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) criteria. 13 of 14 patients had disease progression. However, 9 of 14 patients had stable measurable or evaluable disease and progressed solely based on PSA criteria. Deferoxamine in this dose and schedule has no activity in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Further investigation of the effect of deferoxamine on PSA production/expression is warranted.
A Secure Smart-Card-based Password Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme in Multi-server Environments (2010)

Remote user authentication is used to validate the legitimacy of a remote log-in user. Due to the rapid growth of computer community, many network architectures are becoming multi-server based. Recently, there have been many remote password authentication schemes proposed for securing multi-server environments. These schemes used either a nonce or a timestamp technique to prevent the replay attack. However, using the nonce technique to withstand the replay attack is potentially susceptible to the man-in-the-middle attack. Alternatively, when employing the timestamp method to secure remote password authentication, it will encounter the difficulty of implementing time synchronization. In order to solve both the above two issues, this paper proposes a self-verified timestamp technique to not only securely achieve password authenticated key agreement but also avoid the difficulty of implementing time synchronization in multi-server environments. On the other hand, the function of service period management can allow servers to update the list of illegal users easily and periodically. Therefore, we also further develop the scheme of service period management in this paper.
A microprogrammable real-time video signal processor (VSP) LSI (1987)

A microprogrammable real-time video signal processor (VSP) LSI has been developed for constructing a parallel video signal processing system. The VSP LSI employs a flexible multistage pipelined architecture and can handle such sophisticated image signal processing as high-speed edge detection and motion compensation. It contains many operational function units such as an arithmetic logic unit and with absolute value calculation capability, a minimum/maximum value detector, a two-port SRAM, RAM address pointer and clocked bus lines. The VSP LSI has been designed using two different kinds of automatic layout programs. The chip, which was fabricated with a 2.5-/spl mu/m CMOS and double-layer metallization technology, has an area of 9.91/spl times/9.50 mm/SUP 2/ and contains about 48000 MOSFETs. It operates at a clock frequency of 14.3 MHz with a single 5-V power supply and typically consumes 240 mW. An experimental system, using a single VSP LSI chip, has been constructed in order to demonstrate various application capabilities, such as interframe difference operations, high-speed edge detection and motion compensation.
A protective role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> in chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis (1992)

The intriguing observation has been made that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] receptors are present in tissues not involved in calcium homeostasis and that 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts an antiproliferative, differentiation-promoting action in a variety of cancer cell lines, including cells of the large intestine. It was therefore deemed of interest to study 1,25(OH)2D3 expression and biological activity in a murine model of colon carcinogenesis. Colon carcinogenesis was induced in male rats by the sequential administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH). Levels and binding characteristics of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors were assessed in control and DMH-treated rat colonic mucosal high-speed supernatants. In concurrent studies, 1,25(OH)2D3 was administered (s.c., 400 ng/rat) prior to, together with and after DMH challenge and the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a growth-related DMH-induced enzyme, was determined in colonic cytosols. Serum Ca2+ levels were measured concurrently. Rats submitted to identical treatment schedules were killed 10 weeks after termination of DMH administration and the whole colon was opened and examined for tumors. The results show that (i) rat colonic mucosa possesses a single class of high-affinity 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors; (ii) DMH administration provokes a marked reduction (50%) in 1,25(OH)2D3 binding sites without affecting Kd values; (iii) DMH administered concurrently with 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed the vitamin D-induced hypercalcemia and restored serum Ca2+ concentrations to basal levels; and (iv) 1,25(OH)2D3 delivered prior to DMH challenge obliterated the typical DMH-induced early colonic ODC activity peak and markedly reduced (50%) the number of colon adenocarcinomas. The present findings indicate that a colon-specific potent carcinogen interferes with the biological expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 and that vitamin D administered prior to a carcinogenic insult is able to reduce significantly the incidence of colon tumors, presumably acting as an antiproliferative or differentiation-promoting agent.
N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Umpolung of Imines (2017)

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has been widely used for the umpolung of aldehydes, and recently for the umpolung of Michael acceptors. Described herein is the umpolung of aldimines catalyzed by NHCs, and the reaction likely proceeds via aza-Breslow intermediates. The NHC-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of aldimines bearing a Michael acceptor resulted in the formation of biologically important 2-(hetero)aryl indole 3-acetic-acid derivatives in moderate to good yields. The carbene generated from the bicyclic triazolium salt was found to be efficient for this transformation.
Opto-VLSI-based correlator architecture for multiwavelength optical header recognition (2006)

A novel optical correlator employing an opto-very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) processor to construct the routing lookup table, in conjunction with an array of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for multiwavelength optical header recognition is demonstrated. The FBG array provides wavelength-dependent time delays, whereas the opto-VLSI processor generates wavelength intensity profiles that match arbitrary bit patterns. The recognition of 4-b optical patterns is experimentally demonstrated at 2.2 Gb/s by showing that the correlator produces an autocorrelation waveform of high peak whenever the input bit pattern matches the wavelength intensity profile.
Acceleration of cheese ripening with liposome entrapped proteinase: influence of liposome net charge (1989)

International audience
Percutaneous aortic balloon occlusion. (1987)

A new technique of percutaneous occlusion of the aorta is described herein. The catheter is inserted through the femoral artery and has a central lumen for placement over a safety guide, if needed. The method is applicable in instances of exsanguinating hemorrhage, such as ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
A Sort of Disengagement at the U.N. (1975)

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Vectored thrust engines for single and multiengined aircraft (1965)

Many important advances have been made in recent years in the development of engines for V/STOL aircraft. In this paper, the application of V/STOL power plants currently being developed by Bristol Siddeley Engines is discussed, including the Pegasus vectored thrust engine that has been undergoing bench and flight development in the Hawker P.1127 strike/reconnaissance aircraft for four years and advanced developments designed to power V/STOL strike aircraft. The Pegasus engine is also suited to power V/STOL transport aircraft and the final section of the paper is devoted to this topic. First, the STOL transport aircraft is considered, where the combination of the deflected thrust capability of the Pegasus-type engine with wing/flap boundary-layer control gives extremely short airfield performance. The VTOL transport is then discussed including the development of lightweight lift engines for this application, and finally future vectored thrust engines are considered.
Protein synthesis dependent and independent mechanisms of neutrophil emigration. Different mechanisms of inflammation in rabbits induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha or endotoxin versus leukocyte chemoattractants. (1989)

Inflammation constitutes the body's principal mode of defense against infection and other harmful agents. Neutrophil leukocytes are the primary effector cells in this process. The role of protein synthesis in neutrophil emigration into acute inflammatory lesions was examined. Local intradermal injections of actinomycin D, cycloheximide or puromycin could inhibit in a dose- and time-dependent manner neutrophil emigration induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha or endotoxin, but not by the leukocyte chemoattractants C5a des arg (zymosan-activated plasma), n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or leukotriene B4. Maximal inhibition, measured at the time of peak emigration, was greater than 90%. The onset of neutrophil emigration induced by the cytokines or by endotoxin was delayed by 30 to 60 minutes in comparison to the leukocyte chemoattractants. These results demonstrate at least two mechanisms of neutrophil emigration: one with a slower onset and dependence on local RNA transcription and translation and the other rapid in onset and independent of protein synthesis.
Isaac Gerber, M.D. (1952)

Dr. Isaac Gerber, one of the most distinguished radiologists in New England, died of coronary occlusion at the age of 66, in Providence, R.I., on February 17, 1952. Born in Boston, he graduated in medicine at Harvard in 1910. After internships he visited Europe for two years studying internal medicine.
Iterative Delayering and Electrical Fault Isolation for Defect Localization in 2.5D Packages (2019)

Performance improvements and device miniaturization achieved through heterogeneous integration of multiple functional dies into a single package increases assembly complexity and poses challenges in performing failure analysis (FA). For 2.5D packages, the standard FA flow used for flip chip package analysis may no longer be suitable due to the added dimension of depth. Consequently, it is important to have appropriate sample preparation techniques to perform localized delayering iteratively with electrical fault isolation (EFI) to isolate the defect. In this paper, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) die of a 2.5D package was thinned down and delayered using a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) based machine after initial testing with Lock-in Thermography (LIT). The process of sample preparation and EFI were iteratively done to localize the defect. The case study will demonstrate the importance of integrating suitable sample preparation techniques to the typical FA workflow to achieve good EFI results which enhances the success rate of the failure analysis significantly.
Differential Expression of<i>Candida albicans</i>Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase and Phospholipase B Genes in Humans Correlates with Active Oral and Vaginal Infections (2003)

The in vivo expression of Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP1-SAP8) and phospholipase B (PLB1 and PLB2) genes was analyzed in 137 human subjects with oral and vaginal candidiasis or carriage. Total RNA was isolated from whole unstimulated saliva or vaginal swabs, and the expression of SAP1-8 and PLB1-2 was evaluated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific primer sets. A spectrum of SAP gene expression profiles was obtained from different C. albicans strains during symptomatic disease and asymptomatic carriage. SAP2 and SAP5 were the most common genes expressed during both infection and carriage. SAP1, SAP3, SAP4, SAP7, SAP8, and PLB1 expression was correlated with oral disease, whereas SAP1, SAP3, and SAP6-SAP8 expression was correlated with vaginal disease. Furthermore, SAP1, SAP3, and SAP8 were preferentially expressed in vaginal, rather than oral, infections. This study demonstrates the differential expression of the hydrolytic enzyme genes in humans and correlates the expression of specific Candida species virulence genes with active disease and anatomical location.
Human Microsporidiosis and AIDS (1989)

Several protozoan parasites of the phylum Microspora, previously only rarely recognized in humans, are being detected with increasing frequency in patients with AIDS. These protozoa are small obligate intracellular parasites of the intestine, liver, muscles, cornea, and several other tissues. They are difficult to detect because they stain poorly, often evoke little or no tissue response, and require electron-microscopic methods for classification. Although there are no human isolates, serologic evidence in humans (using an animal pathogen [Encephalitozoon cuniculi] as the antigen) suggests that clinically silent infections may occur in humans, as they do in mice, rabbits, dogs, foxes, squirrel monkeys, and birds. Experiments in mice suggest that patients with impaired T cell functions may be vulnerable to clinical disease caused by these parasites. There is no known treatment.
Theories on the Hopfield neural networks (1989)

The Hopfield neural networks are well suited to solving large-scale optimization problems, but their convergence characteristics are not theoretically known. The author clarifies, by an eigenvalue analysis, conditions for converging to a vertex, a point on the edge, or an interior point of the hypercube. Taking the traveling salesman problem as an example, the author shows how to determine the weighting factors of the constraints and the objective function in the energy. Numerical calculations demonstrate that optimal or near-optimal solutions are obtained for 6, 10, and 13 cities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on a Murine Erythroblastosis Virus<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1967)

A murine erythroblastosis virus was recovered during serial cell-free passages of thymic lymphomas from old C3Hf/Gs mice. The virus induced proliferation of red cell precursors, particularly basophilic erythoblasts, in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver of newborn or suckling C3Hf/Gs or DBA/cJ mice. The basophilic erythroblasts multiplied at the expense of the lymphoreticular and myeloid cells. An erythroleukemia was not observed. Erythroblastosis was accompanied by a severe anemia that was probably hemolytic. Virus inoculation into suckling C3Hf/Gs mice doubled the size of the spleen within 25 days; all mice died after a mean survival time of 72 days. Weanling C3Hf/Gs and DBA/cJ were less susceptible than newborn or suckling mice of these strains to viral erythroblastosis; newborn BALB/cJ, AKR, and Swiss mice were resistant. Infectious virus could be recovered from the plasma or liver of infected mice. The erythroblastosis virus was inactivated by heat (56 C for 30 minutes) or ethyl ether. The infectious virus particles from plasma pellets were 80–120 mμ; their density in potassium-citrate gradients was 1.16–1.18 g/cm3. Transmission of erythroblastosis virus from mice to newborn W/Fu rats caused thymic lymphomas after 8–16 months; cell-free passages of the rat thymic lymphomas yielded erythroblastosis after 24–28 days in all rats of the second passage. Erythroblastosis of W/Fu rats was morphologically similar to the disease in mice, except for the large number of normoblasts in the peripheral blood of rats. Cells from erythroblastotic spleens of mice or rats were not transplantable to syngeneic neonatal or adult hosts. The erythroblastosis therefore cannot be considered an autonomous neoplasm.—J Nat Cancer Inst 38: 117–139, 1967.
Real-time status updating: Multiple sources (2012)

We examine multiple independent sources providing status updates to a monitor through a first-come-first-served M/M/1 queue. We formulate a status-age timeliness metric and find the region of feasible average status ages for a pair of updating sources. In the presence of interfering traffic with a given offered load, we show the existence of an optimal rate at which a source should generate its updates.
Fusion between Perinuclear Virions and the Outer Nuclear Membrane Requires the Fusogenic Activity of Herpes Simplex Virus gB (2009)

Herpesviruses cross nuclear membranes (NMs) in two steps, as follows: (i) capsids assemble and bud through the inner NM into the perinuclear space, producing enveloped virus particles, and (ii) the envelopes of these virus particles fuse with the outer NM. Two herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins, gB and gH (the latter, likely complexed as a heterodimer with gL), are necessary for the second step of this process. Mutants lacking both gB and gH accumulate in the perinuclear space or in herniations (membrane vesicles derived from the inner NM). Both gB and gH/gL are also known to act directly in fusing the virion envelope with host cell membranes during HSV entry into cells, i.e., both glycoproteins appear to function directly in different aspects of the membrane fusion process. We hypothesized that HSV gB and gH/gL also act directly in the membrane fusion that occurs during virus egress from the nucleus. Previous studies of the role of gB and gH/gL in nuclear egress involved HSV gB and gH null mutants that could potentially also possess gross defects in the virion envelope. Here, we produced recombinant HSV-expressing mutant forms of gB with single amino acid substitutions in the hydrophobic "fusion loops." These fusion loops are thought to play a direct role in membrane fusion by insertion into cellular membranes. HSV recombinants expressing gB with any one of four fusion loop mutations (W174R, W174Y, Y179K, and A261D) were unable to enter cells. Moreover, two of the mutants, W174Y and Y179K, displayed reduced abilities to mediate HSV cell-to-cell spread, and W174R and A261D exhibited no spread. All mutant viruses exhibited defects in nuclear egress, enveloped virions accumulated in herniations and in the perinuclear space, and fewer enveloped virions were detected on cell surfaces. These results support the hypothesis that gB functions directly to mediate the fusion between perinuclear virus particles and the outer NM.