gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>STREPTOMYCES NODOSUS</i> SP. N., THE AMPHOTERICIN-PRODUCING ORGANISM (1963)

Trejo, William (Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, N.J.) and Ralph E. Bennett. Streptomyces nodosus sp. n., the amphotericin-producing organism. J. Bacteriol. 85:436-439. 1963.-Streptomyces nodosus, the amphotericin-producing organism, is described as a new species in conformity with the rules of nomenclature as applied to streptomycetes. The relationship between S. nodosus and S. rutgersensis is discussed, and the basis for separation of the species is presented.
Theoretical Analysis of Vascular Regulatory Mechanisms Contributing to Retinal Blood Flow Autoregulation (2013)

Model results are compared with flow and pressure data from multiple patient studies, and the combined effects of the metabolic and CO2 responses are predicted to be critical for achieving retinal autoregulation. When IOP is elevated, the model predicts a decrease in the autoregulation range toward low perfusion pressure, which is consistent with observations that glaucoma is associated with decreased perfusion pressure.
<i>In Vivo</i> Angiogenesis Induced by Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors Coding Either for Secreted or Nonsecreted Forms of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1995)

In vivo gene transfer of angiogenic growth factors represents a potential approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases. The present study examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of two replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors coding for human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF1-154). One vector codes for the nonsecreted form of the peptide (AdCMV.aFGF1-154), and the other vector codes for a recombinant, secreted form (AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154). AdCMV.NLS beta gal, an adenovirus vector coding for beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), was used as a control. Assessment of proliferation of starved human umbilical vein endothelial cells infected with AdCMV.aFGF1-154 and AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154 (20 pfu/cell) showed approximately 6- and 10-fold increase in cell number over control, respectively. Infection with AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154 and with AdCMV.aFGF1-154 enhanced endothelial cell differentiation into capillary-like structures in vitro. However, this effect was significantly more pronounced with AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154 than with AdCMV.aFGF1-154. Angiogenesis in vivo was assessed by injecting subcutaneously into mice 750 microliters of reconstituted basement membrane proteins (Matrigel) and the Ad vectors (2 x 10(8) pfu). After 14 days, there was histologic evidence of neovascularization in the animal's tissue surrounding the Matrigel plugs with AdCMV.aFGF1-154 and AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154. Further, the hemoglobin content of the Matrigel plugs with AdCMV.aFGF1-154 and with AdCMV.sp+aFGF1-154 was, respectively, 2.3- and 2.6-fold higher than with AdCMV.NLS beta gal. Together, these observations support the concept that adenovirus vectors coding for various forms of acidic FGF1-154 may be used to induce angiogenesis in vivo and may provide a new therapeutic approach to ischemic diseases.
Protocols for the use of a portable hyperbaric chamber for the treatment of high altitude disorders (1990)

Descent remains the definitive treatment for high altitude illness. However, in alpine settings of over 8000 ft, immediate evacuation is often impossible. A portable, lightweight (7 kg) hyperbaric bag has been devised capable of withstanding a pressure of 2 psi. The author investigated the optimal period of treatment in the bag to achieve resolution of symptoms and to prevent recurrence. Observations were recorded in Pheriche, Nepal at 13 920 ft. At this altitude, inflation of the bag to 2 psi effects a descent to 8400 ft. Dramatic improvements were seen in victims with symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and cerebral edema (HACE). AMS, HAPE and HACE patients required time frames of 2, 4, and 6 h respectively to provide resolution of symptoms without complications or deterioration. The author advocates the hyperbaric bag as an effective adjunct and temporizing measure in the treatment of HAPE and HACE.
TECHMIG: A layout tool for technology migration (1999)

As the ability to integrate and pack more devices within a die of silicon increases with each new generation of the fabrication technology, the complexity of digital systems realizable on a single chip has also grown by leaps and bounds. It is imperative, from the point of view of economics, to be able to migrate any design from one foundry specific technology to another; as well as, from a present generation fabrication technology to the next generation fabrication technology. The process of porting a layout from one process to the other, there by exploiting the reusability of the layout resources accumulated from the initial process is called technology migration. We describe the technology migration process with reference to our layout-preserving migration tool "TECHMIG" highlighting our innovative constraint generation algorithms for polygonal layout elements which are generally encountered in real life layouts.
A comparative ultrastructural study of leiomyosarcoma, cellular leiomyoma, and leiomyoma of the uterus (1971)

An electron microscopic study was made of a uterine leiomyosarcoma, and this lesion was compared with normal myometrium and with uterine leiomyomas, one of which was of the cellular type. The leiomyomas had abundant myofilaments, well-developed pinocytic activity, a well-defined basement membrane, and an abundant extracellular collagenous matrix. The cellular leiomyoma bore a close ultrastructural resemblance to the smooth muscle cells of the ordinary leiomyomas and to normal myometrium. There was, however, increased nuclear size, and an increase in the number of mitochondria and cytoplasmic free ribosomes. The leiomyosarcoma was characterized by nuclear pleomorphism, scanty myofilaments, abundant mitochondria, and free ribosomes. Single cilia with centriolar apparati were occasionally encountered in both the cellular and ordinary leiomyomas but were absent in the leiomyosarcoma. This study suggests that the leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma are distinct entities and that the cellular leiomyoma represents a variety of the common leiomyoma rather than an intermediate form between leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma.
Glutaminolysis: Supplying carbon or nitrogen or both for cancer cells? (2010)

A cancer cell comprising largely of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur requires not only glucose, which is avidly transported and converted to lactate by aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, but also glutamine as a major substrate. Glutamine and essential amino acids, such as methionine, provide energy through the TCA cycle as well as nitrogen, sulfur and carbon skeletons for growing and proliferating cancer cells. The interplay between utilization of glutamine and glucose is likely to depend on the genetic make-up of a cancer cell. While the MYC oncogene induces both aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis, activated β-catenin induces glutamine synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer cells that have elevated glutamine synthetase can use glutamate and ammonia to synthesize glutamine and are hence not addicted to glutamine. As such, cancer cells have many degrees of freedom for re-programming cell metabolism, which with better understanding will result in novel therapeutic approaches.
The effects of a combination of hyaluronic and amniotic membrane on the formation of peritendinous adhesions after flexor tendon surgery in chickens (2004)

We have investigated the effects of the intra-operative application of a combination of hyaluronic acid and amniotic membrane on adhesions in the flexor tendons of a chicken model. We used 144 tendons which were partially divided and then repaired by a modified Kessler technique. There were four test groups: group 1, simple tendon repair, group 2, repair site wrapped with amniotic membrane, group 3, hyaluronic acid injected around the repair site, and group 4, repair site wrapped with amniotic membrane and hyaluronic acid injected within it. At three and six weeks, the extent of the adhesions and the healing of the tendon were evaluated macroscopically and histologically. The range of movement of the toe and tensile strength of the repaired tendons were measured at 20 weeks. The least adhesions were observed in group 4 but no significant difference was found in the healing of the tendons. Overall, the intra-operative application of a combination of hyaluronic acid and amniotic membrane appears to be effective in preventing adhesions of the flexor tendon.
Application identification from encrypted traffic based on characteristic changes by encryption (2011)

Application identification is paid much attention by network operators to manage application based traffic control in the Internet. However, encryption is one of the factors to make application identification difficult, because it is so hard to infer the original (unencrypted) packets from encrypted packets. Therefore the accuracy of application identification is getting worse as the increase of encrypted traffic. In this paper, the changes in traffic features due to encryption are analyzed, and two methods are developed that can be used with an existing method for identifying applications from encrypted traffic. Experimental results show that these methods improve identification accuracy up to 28.5% for encrypted traffic compared to existing methods. Moreover, identification using the best combination of flow features enables high accuracy with less computation due to the elimination of features that do not flow a Gaussian distribution and thus degrade accuracy.
Melting temperature of <i>trans</i>‐polyoctenamer (1967)

Abstract The effect of microstructure on crystallizability of polyoctenamers prepared by R 3 Al‐WCl 6 catalyst was studied. The results indicate that polyoctenamers with a broad range of trans ‐vinylene content do crystallize. The measured melting points are dependent on the trans ‐vinylene content. From the dependence of melting temperature on copolymer composition, a value of 73 ± 2°C. for the melting point and a molar heat of fusion Δ H u of 3520 cal./mole are calculated for 100% trans ‐polyoctenamer. From the melting point depression in the presence of diluent, a value for Δ H u of 4800 cal./mole is obtained.
Promotion of the Inactive Iron Sulfide to an Efficient Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst (2017)

Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing desulfurization catalysts to effectively remove sulfur from fuel. Active phase metals including cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten have been extensively used in industry for hydrotreating/hydrodesulfurization catalysts for over 50 years. However, while it is desirable to use inexpensive materials to do the same job, it is a grand challenge. Herein, we report a Fe-based sulfide catalyst that is tuned by zinc with high activity for HDS, which shows an industrial application potential to replace industrial Mo-based catalysts. With an optimal configuration that has a Fe:Zn ratio close to 1:1, the reaction rate constants of the dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethydibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) HDS are increased by 9.2 and 17.4 times, respectively, in comparison with the sums of those on the monoiron and zinc sulfides. HDS activity for the sterically hindered 4,6-DMDBT on the FeZn sulfide catalyst is even close to that of Co-MoS2. The experimental results indicate that the addition of Zn greatly modifies the electronic properties of iron sulfide by transferring electrons from Zn to Fe, which tunes the d band center to modulate the adsorption behavior of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT. In combination with theoretical calculations, our experiments show that the addition of Zn dramatically tunes the formation of sulfur vacancies. We propose that the formation of sulfur vacancies is the critical factor for designing highly efficient Fe-based sulfide catalysts. This study provides the design principle of low-cost desulfurization catalysts for industrial refinery applications.
Quality determinants of erythrocyte destined for transfusion. (2004)

An overview is given of a series of standard assays to evaluate the quality of red cell concentrates for transfusion. These are visual inspection, assessment of hemolysis, quantitation of 2,3-DPG and nucleotide levels (especially ATP) and evaluation of morphology. These parameters, relatively easy to measure, are main determinants of in vivo recovery after transfusion. In addition, some other assays are described, which should give more information about the function of red blood cells after transfusion. These assays include plasma-induced hemolysis, binding of annexin-V, deformability measurements and a rat model to judge oxygen delivery by human red blood cells (RBC). Especially in judging new protocols for the preparation of red cell products, involving e.g. improved additive solutions or pathogen inactivation methods, these quality parameters should not be compromised.
Balancing the etching and passivation in time-multiplexed deep dry etching of silicon (2001)

For the Bosch deep silicon dry etch process with SF6–C4F8 a quantitative approach is developed. Essential plasma surface interactions and the transport properties of ions and radicals in high aspect ratio structures are unravelled. Balancing the interactions during etching and passivation pulses is essential for maximal profile control. In the anisotropic regime the etch rate is aspect ratio dependent largely due to depletion of fluorine radicals and with some involvement of passivation polymer redeposition. The anisotropic process tends to stop at a limiting aspect ratio because of improper removal of polymer passivation at the trench bottom. Both higher ion flux and ion energy are found to be crucial to push the Bosch process to higher achievable aspect ratios. Practical process implications are discussed. In situ ellipsometry shows that the polymer passivation step is a complex process with an ion induced component. More efficient removal of the passivation layer at the trench bottom by adjusting the plasma chemistry could further improve the Bosch plasma etch process.
CO<sub>2</sub>laser communication systems for near-earth space applications (1977)

Projects of the growth of earth-sensing systems for the latter half of the 1980's show a data transmission requirement of 300 Mbit/s and above. Mission constraints and objectives lead to the conclusion that the most efficient technique to return the data from a sensing satellite to a ground station is through a geosynchronous data relay satellite. Of the two links that are involved (sensing satellite to relay satellite and relay satellite to ground), a laser system is most attractive for the space-to-space link. A five-year program was conducted which has shown the basic technical feasibility of accomplishing this link with a CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser system operating at a wavelength near 10 µm. The system uses a mercury-cadmium-telluride infrared mixer cooled to approximately 100 K by a radiative cooler. The laser local oscillator and coupling-modulated laser transmitter use conductively cooled beryllium oxide construction. The optical antenna used for transmission and reception has a gain of nominally 92 dB with a 3-dB beamwidth of 80 µr. Tracking jitter is less than ten µr and signal acquisition occurs in less than 1 min. The receiver subsystem has a sensitivity of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-19</sup> W/Hz, accommodates a 300-Mbit/s data rate, and can track Doppler frequency variations over a ±700-MHz range.
Identity Profiling of Cell Surface Markers by Multiplex Gold Nanorod Probes (2007)

Gold nanorod molecular probes (GNrMPs) were designed and fabricated for multiplex identification of cell surface markers in HBECs. Cells were probed directly using dark field microscopy integrated with a spectral imager for simultaneous detection of up to three surface markers. The immunophenotype composition of these cell lines indicative of their metastasis potential was assessed using the GNrMPs. The technique has the potential to become an important tool for diagnosis and prognosis of breast and other cancers.
Comparison of Antibody−Antigen Interactions on Collagen Measured by Conventional Immunological Techniques and Atomic Force Microscopy (2004)

We have developed a means of using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to repeatedly localize a small area of interest (4 x 4 microm(2)) within a 0.5-cm(2) area on a heterogeneous sample, to obtain and localize high-resolution images and force measurements on nonideal samples (i.e., samples that better reflect actual biological systems, not prepared on atomically flat surfaces). We demonstrate the repeated localization and measurement of unbinding forces associated with antibody--antigen (ab--ag) interactions, by applying AFM in air and in liquid to visualize and measure polyclonal ab--ag interactions, using chicken collagen as a model system. We demonstrate that molecular interactions, in the form of ab--ag complexes, can be visualized by AFM when secondary antibodies are conjugated to 20-nm colloidal gold particles. We then compare those results with established immunological techniques, to demonstrate broader application of AFM technology to other systems. Data from AFM studies are compared with results obtained using immunological methods traditionally employed to investigate ab--ag interactions, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, and in situ immunofluorescence. Finally, using functionalized AFM tips with a flexible tether [poly(ethylene glycol) 800] to which a derivatized antibody was attached, we analyzed force curve data to measure the unbinding force of collagen antibody from its antigen, obtaining a value of approximately 90 +/- 40 pN with a MatLab code written to automate the analyses of force curves obtained in force--volume mode. The methodology we developed for embedded collagen sections can be readily applied to the investigation of other receptor--ligand interactions.
Performance Evaluation of SUVnet With Real-Time Traffic Data (2007)

In this paper, we present the characteristics of a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), which is the Shanghai urban vehicular network (SUVnet). We construct a mobility model using the GPS data collected from more than 4000 taxis in Shanghai. The model is both realistic and large scale. Based on this model, network topology and connectivity of SUVnet are studied. Because of the sparse distribution and dynamic topology of SUVnet, simply utilizing the conventional mobile ad hoc network routing protocols in SUVnet may not achieve a satisfactory performance. Therefore, we apply the delay-tolerant network model to SUVnet and evaluate the epidemic routing protocols. We propose a new protocol, which is the distance aware epidemic routing (DAER), to improve the bundle delivery ratio. Results show that DAER performs well for a VANET. This paper provides a basis in studying a realistic urban VANET.
Mems design and verification (2004)

The long term impact of MEMS technology will be in its ability to integrate novel sensing and actuation functionality on traditional computing and communication devices enabling the ubiquitous digital computer to interact with the world around it. The design and verification of such integrated systems will occur at the system level, driven primarily by the application. Application-driven systemlevel design methodologies that ease the integration of the digital domain to the real world using mixed domain technologies are therefore needed. A hierarchical structured approach that is compatible with standard IC design is outlined. It starts with schematic capture of a design topology, followed by behavioral simulation, layout generation, parasitic extraction, and final verification.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists for Acute, Severe Asthma (1992)

Aerosolized selective beta 2-agonists are the bronchodilator treatments of choice for acute, severe asthma. Attention to the details of dosing and delivery are required for optimal results. The final dose and dosing interval are determined by the patient's response. Intravenous beta-agonists are hazardous and cannot be recommended.
Access-pattern and bandwidth aware file replication algorithm in a grid environment (2008)

Replication in grid file systems can significantly improve I/O performance of data-intensive grid applications, but its manual creation and placement would be impractical in a real grid environment involving thousands to millions of files accessed per application. Although automatic determination of where and how many replicas should be created should be decided with regards to application access patterns and network throughputs, thereby achiving high application throughput and minimizing replica space overhead, previous stuides have focused on limited parameter spaces in their algorithmic optimizations. We propose an automated replication algorithm that allows most of I/O accesses to be performed within a given time threshold, while simultaneously minimizing the space overhead by replication. Our algorithm models the replication problem as a combinatorial optimization problem, where the constraints are derived from the given access time threshold and various system parameters, while the objective function being to minimize file replication costs. We solve the optimization problem by dynamically monitoring and estimating inter-node link throughputs and file access patterns of running applications. Our simulation-based studies suggest that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher performance than simple techniques, such as ones that always or never create replicas, while keeping storage usage very low. The results also indicate that the proposed automated algorithm can perform comparably with manual replica placement.
Single-machine scheduling with early and tardy completion costs (1993)

We address a single-machine scheduling problem in which penalties are assigned for early and tardy completion of jobs. These penalties are common in industrial settings where early job completion can cause the cash commitment to resources in a time frame earlier than needed, giving rise to early completion penalties. Tardiness penalties arise from a variety of sources, such as loss of customer goodwill, opportunity costs of lost sales, and direct cash penalties. Accounting for earliness cost makes the performance measure nonregular, and this nonregularity has apparently discouraged researchers from seeking solutions to this problem. We found that it is not much more difficult to design an enumerative search for this problem than it would be if the performance measure were regular. We present and demonstrate an efficient timetabling procedure which can be embedded in an enumerative algorithm allowing the search to be conducted over the domain of job permutations.© 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Property enhancement of optically transparent bionanofiber composites by acetylation (2006)

The authors studied acetylation of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers to widen the applications of BC nanocomposites in optoelectronic devices. The slight acetylation of BC nanofibers significantly reduces the hygroscopicity of BC nanocomposites, while maintaining their high optical transparency and thermal stability. Furthermore, the degradation in optical transparency at elevated temperature (200°C) was significantly reduced by acetylation treatment. Therefore, the acetylation of bionanofibers has an extraordinary potential as treatment for property enhancement of bionanofiber composites.