gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal Fusion Dysfunction as a Unifying Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease Pathology (2012)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized pathologically by extracellular senile plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and granulovacuolar degeneration. It has been debated whether these hallmark lesions are markers or mediators of disease progression, and numerous paradigms have been proposed to explain the appearance of each lesion individually. However, the unfaltering predictability of these lesions suggests a single pathological nidus central to disease onset and progression. One of the earliest pathologies observed in Alzheimer's disease is endocytic dysfunction. Here we review the recent literature of endocytic dysfunction with particular focus on disrupted lysosomal fusion and propose it as a unifying hypothesis for the three most-studied lesions of Alzheimer's disease.
Increased Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Contributes to Myocardial Dysfunction and Higher Mortality After Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2001)

Increased NO production from iNOS expression contributes to myocardial dysfunction and mortality after MI in mice.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE PROPORTIONS OF COHUMULONE, ADHUMULONE AND HUMULONE IN HOP α ACIDS (1967)

Hops cultivated in the Hop Research Institute at Žatec have been examined to determine the influences of climatic conditions on the proportions of the three components of the α acids, viz. cohumulone, adhumulone and humulone. In Fuggle and Northern Brewer, grown in Czechoslovakia, cohumulone accounted for only 20% of the α acids, whereas the same varieties, grown in England, had values of 30%; similar differences were found with other hops. The influence of climate on the synthesis of α acids is important. A division of hop varieties into six groups has been made on the basis of (a) the ratio of α acids to β fraction, and (b) the percentage of cohumulone in the α acids.
New observations on gametogenic development and reproductive experimental tools to support seed yield improvement in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (2016)

Cowpea reproductive tools. Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cowpea) is recognized as a major legume food crop in Africa, but seed yields remain low in most varieties adapted to local conditions. The development of hybrid cowpea seed that could be saved after each generation, enabling significant yield increases, will require manipulation of reproductive development from a sexual to an asexual mode. To develop new technologies that could support the biotechnological manipulation of reproductive development in cowpea, we examined gametogenesis and seed formation in two transformable, African-adapted, day-length-insensitive varieties. Here, we show that these two varieties exhibit distinct morphological and phenological traits but share a common developmental sequence in terms of ovule formation and gametogenesis. We present a reproductive calendar that allows prediction of male and female gametogenesis on the basis of sporophytic parameters related to floral bud size and reproductive organ development, determining that gametogenesis occurs more rapidly in the anther than in the ovule. We also show that the mode of megagametogenesis is of the Polygonum-type and not Oenothera-type, as previously reported. Finally, we developed a whole-mount immunolocalization protocol and applied it to detect meiotic proteins in the cowpea megaspore mother cell, opening opportunities for comparing the dynamics of protein localization during male and female meiosis, as well as other reproductive events in this emerging legume model system.
Psychological resources, positive illusions, and health. (2000)

Psychological beliefs such as optimism, personal control, and a sense of meaning are known to be protective of mental health. Are they protective of physical health as well? The authors present a program of research that has tested the implications of cognitive adaptation theory and research on positive illusions for the relation of positive beliefs to disease progression among men infected with HIV. The investigations have revealed that even unrealistically optimistic beliefs about the future may be health protective. The ability to find meaning in the experience is also associated with a less rapid course of illness. Taken together, the research suggests that psychological beliefs such as meaning, control, and optimism act as resources, which may not only preserve mental health in the context of traumatic or life-threatening events but be protective of physical health as well.
Therapeutic potential of active stent coating (2003)

Various clinical studies have shown the superiority of stent implantation as compared to conventional balloon angioplasty for the treatment of significant coronary stenosis. However, restenosis remains a major drawback of this interventional technique. Against the background of this serious problem, the concept of stent coating has been developed. In general, coatings can be classified into two types: passive coatings, which only serve as a barrier between the stainless steel, and the tissue and active coatings, which directly interfere with the process of intima proliferation. At this moment, primarily immunosuppressive and cytostatic substances are used as active coatings. Large randomised studies have shown that this novel concept can be successfully implemented into clinical practice. Beside these promising results, studies also revealed potential risks of this new approach. Not only the dosage of the drug but also an optimised kinetic of drug release seem to be essential in preventing restenosis. As with most drugs, the inhibition of neointima proliferation is not restricted to vascular smooth muscle cells but also affects the process of re-endothelialisation, thus we may face a new pitfall of late-stent thrombosis. Although this technique may harbour potential risks, the introduction of stent coating has the potential to dramatically reduce the incidence of restenosis and an exciting chapter in the field of cardiology has been opened.
CONSORCIOS UNIVERSITARIOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: EL CASO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE UNIVERSIDADES DEL GRUPO MONTEVIDEO (2017)

Consorcios universitarios en America Latina: El caso de la Asociacion de Universidades del Grupo Montevideo En America Latina, los procesos de internacionalizacion de la educacion superior han tenido un gran auge a partir de la decada del noventa. Los consorcios universitarios han sido una forma alternativa a la cooperacion academica bilateral entre instituciones universitarias a nivel mundial y han promovido diversas acciones de cooperacion academica en America Latina. Sin embargo, problemas sistemicos de caracter organizacional y curricular limitan el potencial de dichos consorcios. Este articulo aborda el caso de la Asociacion de Universidades del Grupo Montevideo, sus avances, desafios y sus implicaciones para otras iniciativas. University Consortia in Latin America, Necessary but Insufficient Internationalization of higher education in Latin America has grown from the early 1990s. University consortia have been developed as an alternative to traditional bilateral relationships between higher education institutions worldwide.  They also have promoted different kinds of academic cooperation in Latin America. However, systemic problems of an organizational and curricular nature constrain the potential of such consortia. This article addresses the case of the Association of Universities of the Montevideo Group, its progress, challenges, and implications for other endeavors. Consorcios universitarios na America Latina, necessarios, mas insuficientes: o caso da Associacao de Universidades do Grupo Montevideo Na America Latina, os processos de internacionalizacao da educacao superior tiveram um “boom” a partir da decada de 90. Os consorcios universitarios tem sido uma forma alternativa a cooperacao academica bilateral entre instituicoes universitarias em nivel mundial e tem promovido diversas acoes de cooperacao academica na America Latina. Entretanto, problemas sistemicos de carater organizacional e curricular limitam o potencial destes consorcios. Este artigo aborda o caso da Associacao de Universidades do Grupo Montevideo, seus avancos, desafios e suas implicacoes para outras iniciativas.
A syndrome of various cutaneous pigmented lesions, myxoid neurofibromata and atrial myxoma: the NAME syndrome (1980)

A patient with profuse cutaneous pigmented lesions, subcutaneous myxoid neurofibromata and atrial myxoma is described. This is the second report of this syndrome, whose importance lies in the possibility of avoiding the potentially lethal consequences of a treatable cardiac tumour by recognition of distinctive cutaneous manifestations.
Does endomyocardial biopsy aid in the diagnosis of active rheumatic carditis? (1993)

The present study highlights the low frequency of diagnostic features in the biopsy specimens of patients with definite clinical rheumatic carditis. Although such alterations are not observed in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease, endomyocardial biopsy does not appear to provide additional diagnostic information where clinical consensus is certain about diagnosis of rheumatic carditis. Our study, however, substantiates the concept of carditis underlying unexplained congestive heart failure of acute onset in patients with preexisting rheumatic heart disease and elevated antistreptolysin-O titers.
AlGaN/GaN HEMT With Integrated Recessed Schottky-Drain Protection Diode (2009)

We present an AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with an integrated recessed protection diode on the drain side of the transistor channel. Results from our Schottky-drain HEMT demonstrate an excellent reverse blocking with minor tradeoff in the on-state resistance for the complete device. The excellent quality of the forward diode characteristics indicates high robustness of the recess process. The reverse blocking capability of the diode is better than - 110 V. Physical-based device simulations give an insight in the respective electronic mechanisms. This is the first time that a recessed Schottky-drain diode integrated in a HEMT device is presented.
Pathogenesis of neonatal Escherichia coli meningitis: induction of bacteremia and meningitis in infant rats fed E. coli K1 (1977)

Escherichia coli K1 strains, isolated from human newborns with meningitis, were fed to pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley infant rats by an oral gastric tube. Feeding of 10(3) to 10(11) organisms colonized the intestine of approximately 70% of the animals. At 5 days postfeeding of 3- to 5-day-old rats, bacteremia was detected in 60%, and meningitis occurred in 15% of bacteremic animals. Colonization and bacteremia were age-related. Rats 15 days old had only 19 colonization and 10% bacteremia, and those 30 days old were almost completely resistant to colonization and bacteremia. The intranasal route was less effective in inducing colonization and bacteremia. Intralitter transmission from E. coli K1-fed rats occurred, with 52% of water-fed controls becoming colonized and 15% become bacteremic. Colonization of mothers from their fed infants occurred, but none of five tested developed bacteremia. Other E. coli capsular polysaccharide types were studied. A K92 strain isolated from a newborn with meningitis induced a 77% colonization rate, and 8% of these developed bacteremia without detectable meningitis. An E. coli K100 strain showed a 32% colonization rate, and 2% developed bacteremia. The age relation, relatively high virulence of K1 compared with other capsular types, spontaneous appearance of colonization, bacteremia, and meningitis, and intralitter transmission of colonization and disease in newborn rats closely parellel E. coli epidemiology in human neonates.
Parametric Oscillation in a Damped Resonant System (1963)

Parametric oscillation can be induced in a simple passive resonant system with losses for certain ranges of values of the pump frequency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\omega_p</tex> , provided a threshold value of the reactance variation has been exceeded. Assuming the reactance variation to be of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C(t) = C_{0} + C_{1}\cos \omega_{p} t</tex> . and the depth of modulation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_1/C_0 \not> 0.2</tex> , Mathieu's equation is taken to apply and iso- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> curves have been computed and plotted in the first unstable region on an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a - q</tex> chart (after McLachlan) for values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> from 0 to 0.3. Using a simple semigraphical method, it was found that to just permit oscillation the threshold variation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_1/C_0</tex> varied from 0.024 at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = 100</tex> to 0.2 at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = 20</tex> , while the pump-frequency range over which oscillation could be induced varied from 0 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2 \omega_0</tex> for modulation depths from 0.024 to 0.2 at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = 100</tex> and from 0 to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.17 \omega_0</tex> for modulation depths from 0.99 to 0.2 at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q = 20</tex> .
Fiber Tracts Anomalies in APPxPS1 Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are known to accumulate in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the link between brain amyloidosis and clinical symptoms has not been elucidated and could be mediated by secondary neuropathological alterations such as fiber tracts anomalies. In the present study, we have investigated the impact of Aβ overproduction in APPxPS1 transgenic mice on the integrity of forebrain axonal bundles (corpus callosum and anterior commissure). We found evidence of fiber tract volume reductions in APPxPS1 mice that were associated with an accelerated age-related loss of axonal neurofilaments and a myelin breakdown. The severity of these defects was neither correlated with the density of amyloid plaques nor associated with cell neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that commissural fiber tract alterations are present in Aβ-overproducing transgenic mice and that intracellular Aβ accumulation preceding extracellular deposits may act as a trigger of such morphological anomalies.
Heterodimerization with c-Fos is not required for cell transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts by Jun. (1992)

c-Jun belongs to a family of proteins that require dimerization for activity. Dimerization occurs through a leucine-rich region near the carboxy terminus called the leucine zipper. Jun can form dimeric complexes with other Jun family as well as Fos family members. The relative proportion of these different dimeric complexes is determined by the relative abundance of each family member at a particular time. Overexpression of v-Jun or c-Jun alone will lead to cell transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts, albeit with varying efficiencies. Upon overexpression, v-Jun or c-Jun presumably becomes the predominant AP-1 component in the cell. Theoretically, this should lead to a larger proportion of homodimers than heterodimers. It is not clear what role, if any, the other Jun and Fos family proteins play during cell transformation. We have examined the ability of Jun to induce cell transformation in chicken embryo fibroblasts in the absence of interaction with other Jun or Fos family proteins. To this end, we have constructed a chicken v-Jun mutant that is incapable of heterodimerization. This was accomplished by replacing the leucine zipper region of Jun with that of the yeast transcription factor GCN4. This chimeric protein, VJ-GLZ, retains all of the DNA binding and transcriptional activation domains of v-Jun. As expected, in vitro translated VJ-GLZ was found to be incapable of forming heterodimers with c-Fos, FosB, and JunD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conversion of a Fraction of the Unique Sequence to Part of the Inverted Repeats in the S Component of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome (1986)

A novel genome variant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was isolated, in the S component of which a fraction of the unique sequence (map units 0.865 to 0.880) was converted to part of the diploid inverted repeats and another fraction of the unique sequence (map units 0.937 to 0.955) had been deleted. The S component of the variant consisted of a shortened unique sequence (map units 0.880 to 0.937) and a pair of elongated inverted repeats (map units 0.820 to 0.880, and 0.937 to 1.000). The conversion occurred as a result of a recombination event between two points (map units 0.880 and 0.937) having a 5 base pair stretch (5'-CCCCG-3') of homology, in an inverted direction in the unique sequence. An involvement of the mechanism causing L-S inversion was inferred to account for the generation of the variant, as there are multiple copies of the 5'-CCCCG-3' stretch in the 'a' sequences. The occurrence of the variant indicates that the products of HSV-1 genes US9, US10, US11 and US12 are unnecessary for an HSV-1 productive infection in tissue culture cells, and also suggests the presence of a mechanism whereby expansion of the inverted repeats could occur.
Assisting navigation in homogenous fog (2015)

An important cause of road accidents is the reduced visibility due to the presence of fog or haze. For this reason, there is a fundamental need for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on efficient real time algorithms able to detect the presence of fog, estimate the fog's density, determine the visibility distance and inform the driver about the maximum speed that the vehicle should be traveling. Our solution is an improvement over existing methods of detecting fog due to the temporal integration of the horizon line and inflection point in the image. Our method performs in real time; approximately 50 frames per second. It is based on a single in-vehicle camera and is able to detect day time fog in real time in a wide range of scenarios, including urban scenarios.
Antimicrobial Activities of Isothiocyanates (2001)

Wasabi (Japanese horseradish), horseradish, and mustard are known to have remarkable antimicrobial activity. The study of the antimicrobial activity is important because of its application for food preservation. The antimicrobial activity of allyl isothiocyanate, the main volatile component of wasabi, horseradish, and mustard, has been reported in detail. In this study, the effect of a variety of volatile isothiocyanates against eleven microorganisms was evaluated. In addition, in order to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the isothiocyanates, those of catechin, its analogues, and food preservatives have been studied.
COUNT Forest: CO-Voting Uncertain Number of Targets Using Random Forest for Crowd Density Estimation (2015)

This paper presents a patch-based approach for crowd density estimation in public scenes. We formulate the problem of estimating density in a structured learning framework applied to random decision forests. Our approach learns the mapping between patch features and relative locations of all objects inside each patch, which contribute to generate the patch density map through Gaussian kernel density estimation. We build the forest in a coarse-to-fine manner with two split node layers, and further propose a crowdedness prior and an effective forest reduction method to improve the estimation accuracy and speed. Moreover, we introduce a semi-automatic training method to learn the estimator for a specific scene. We achieved state-of-the-art results on the public Mall dataset and UCSD dataset, and also proposed two potential applications in traffic counts and scene understanding with promising results.
The influence of a histamine<sub>2</sub>‐receptor antagonist on the healing of an experimentally induced gastric mucosal lesion (1990)

The effect of an H2-receptor antagonist (ranitidine) on the healing of gastric mucosal lesions was studied. Mucosal lesions were induced by a standardized thermo-mechanical technique. The healing process was assessed by macro- and light microscopical examination. It was further evaluated by measurements of the tissue contents of hydroxyproline, a chemical compound reflecting collagen, and of DNA and RNA, reflecting cell frequency and protein synthesis respectively, in the gastric wall from both injured and wound-free areas. The healing process was more rapid in ranitidine-treated animals than in controls. After four weeks, however, the lesion in nine out of ten animals had healed in the ranitidine-treated group and seven of nine rats in the control group. At that time the amounts of hydroxyproline, DNA and RNA did not differ between the two groups. These findings may be taken as an indication that the tissue components of the healed lesions were similar in ranitidine-treated rats and in the saline controls, i.e. the different speeds of the healing process did not seem to influence the components of the scar tissue.
Antiphase-domain-free growth of cubic SiC on Si(100) (1987)

Single crystals of cubic SiC that are free of antiphase domains were successfully grown by chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates inclined at 2° from (100) towards (011). The relationship between the generation of antiphase domains and the inclination of a surface was investigated by using spherically polished Si substrates. Inclination, except towards (011), resulted in the generation of antiphase domains. Elimination of antiphase domains was confirmed by molten KOH etching of the grown layer.
BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT (2019)

We propose BERTScore, an automatic evaluation metric for text generation. Analogously to common metrics, BERTScore computes a similarity score for each token in the candidate sentence with each token in the reference sentence. However, instead of exact matches, we compute token similarity using contextual embeddings. We evaluate using the outputs of 363 machine translation and image captioning systems. BERTScore correlates better with human judgments and provides stronger model selection performance than existing metrics. Finally, we use an adversarial paraphrase detection task to show that BERTScore is more robust to challenging examples when compared to existing metrics.