gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in semiconductor suspensions with added H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (1996)

Abstract The photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous solutions of phenol, p‐nitrophenol, 4‐chlorophenol, aniline, hydroquinone and pyridine have been studied in gas recycling reactor utilizing TiO2 as photocatalyst in the presence and in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. The rate of oxidation of organics to CO2 was measured by using natural and artificial near u.v.light. The disapperance of each solute obeys pseudo first order kinetics with respect to organic whereas the rate of mineralization is zeroth order. While the addition of small amounts of hydrogen peroxide significantly enhanced the photomineralization rate of all organic compounds, high concentration of it inhibited the reaction. The optimum concentration of H2O2 ranges from 1×10‐2 to 0.5×10‐2 M for 10‐4 M organic solutions. The complete mineralization for 10‐4 M of each organic resulted in approximately 50–110 minutes whereas this period was shortened to 6–28 minutes by the addition of an optimum amount of H2O2.
Analysis of quasi-static vapour bubble shape during growth and departure (2013)

In an effort to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for pool boiling heat transfer, a numerical solution to the capillary equation is used to describe bubble shape evolution. Indeed, any analysis of thermal transport due to nucleate pool boiling requires bubble frequency and volume predictions, which are intimately linked to bubble shape. To this end, a numerical treatment of the capillary equation is benchmarked to profiles measured from captured images of vapour bubble formations. The bubble growth is quasi-static in a quiescent liquid with a triple contact line fixed to the perimeter of a needle orifice. This investigation provides insight into the dependence the bubble shape evolution has on the physical mechanisms quantified in the Bond number with characteristic length equal to the cavity radius.
Bioanalytical Tools to Develop Rapid Diagnostics and Study Physiology (2019)

This work details the development of bioanalytical tools for use in rapid diagnostics (Chapters 2-4) and in the study of physiology (Chapters 5-6). This research harness the power of real-time, singlemolecule microfluidics to study loop-mediated isothermal amplification in urinary tract infections (Chapter 2), chlamydia (Chapter 3), and gonorrhea (Chapter 4). In Chapter 5, non-reactive beads are designed and optimized to study the impact of polymers on murine gastrointestinal mucosa. Chapter 6 details the implementation of a mass spectrometry method to quantify bile acids and investigate their interaction with the microbiota in the murine gastro-intestinal tract.
The correct analysis and explanation of the Pioneer-Galileo anomalies (1999)

Tidal distension of spacecraft electronics due to spin and solar and galactic gravitation elegantly explains all variations in the anomaly reported by Anderson et al. Contrary to their conclusion, a constant residue seems to be present in lunar, terrestrial, and possibly planetary measurements, posing a problem of wider, more fundamental significance.
A Review of Peter Schmelz's Such Freedom if Only Musical (2013)

In this work, Peter J. Schmelz presents a thorough study of Soviet avant-garde music during the Kruschev-era thaw (1953-1974). The book focuses on six prominent “young composers” of the time: Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina, Arvo Part, Valentin Silvestrov, Alfred Schnittke and Andrey Volkonsky. Schmelz’s chronologically organized monograph develops an intriguing narrative of a Soviet musical underground in which composers were able to experiment with previously forbidden compositional techniques, listen to and discuss the music of contemporary composers both foreign and domestic, and perform their work to audiences of young, idealistic peers. The author argues that the ideas, attitudes, and practices of this group of composers, artists, and intellectuals generated a social environment of passive opposition toward the oppressive Soviet System. The music produced by these composers parallels the evolution of the unofficial musical community. The initial period of excitement proceeding Stalin’s death in 1953 and leading into the early 1960s saw composers, eager to work with previously forbidden techniques, producing works of strict serialism and sharp abstraction. These early compositions were met with harsh criticism from officials, but rapt attention and enthusiastic support from audiences. Over time, as the thrill of change and audience members dwindled, composers began to adopt a more generally accessible approach to music, stressing dramatic effect and aleatory techniques over strict serial organization. Schmelz’s book displays a stunning calibre of research and analysis throughout its 392 pages. Within the eight chapters and epilogue, Schmelz exhibits his incredible depth of knowledge through professional yet accessible prose, engaging readers both within and outside the academic sphere.
Entanglement induced by a single-mode heat environment (2002)

A thermal field, which frequently appears in problems of decoherence, provides us with minimal information about the field. We study the interaction of the thermal field and a quantum system composed of two qubits and find that such a chaotic field with minimal information can nevertheless entangle qubits that are prepared initially in a separable state. This simple model of a quantum register interacting with a noisy environment allows us to understand how memory of the environment affects the state of a quantum register.
Astrocytes influence the severity of spinal muscular atrophy (2015)

Systemically low levels of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1) protein cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). α-Motor neurons of the spinal cord are considered particularly vulnerable in this genetic disorder and their dysfunction and loss cause progressive muscle weakness, paralysis and eventually premature death of afflicted individuals. Historically, SMA was therefore considered a motor neuron-autonomous disease. However, depletion of SMN in motor neurons of normal mice elicited only a very mild phenotype. Conversely, restoration of SMN to motor neurons in an SMA mouse model had only modest effects on the SMA phenotype and survival. Collectively, these results suggested that additional cell types contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA, and understanding the non-autonomous requirements is crucial for developing effective therapies. Astrocytes are critical for regulating synapse formation and function as well as metabolic support for neurons. We hypothesized that astrocyte functions are disrupted in SMA, exacerbating disease progression. Using viral-based restoration of SMN specifically to astrocytes, survival in severe and intermediate SMA mice was observed. In addition, neuromuscular circuitry was improved. Astrogliosis was prominent in end-stage SMA mice and in post-mortem patient spinal cords. Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines was partially normalized in treated mice, suggesting that astrocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of SMA.
Enantiotropic Polymorphism in Di-indenoperylene (2007)

The enantiotropic polymorphic phase transformation of di-indenoperylene (DIP) at 403 K has been structurally characterized, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both the low temperature α- and the high-temperature β-phase have a herringbone-type structure, with the α-phase being triclinic with doubled unit cell volume compared to the monoclinic β-phase. In the latter, the molecules have a more upright orientation in the herringbone plane. The epitactic transformation from β- to α-phase involves strong shearing displacements as well as bending and torsional deformations of the DIP molecules.
Optimization of Triplet Excited State and Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Picolylamine–Porphyrin Conjugates through Zinc Insertion (2013)

We synthesized a new class of picolylamine-porphyrin conjugates 1-3 and have investigated the effect of heavy atom insertion on their intersystem crossing efficiency through spin-orbit perturbations. By incorporating zinc ions in the core as well as periphery positions of the porphyrin ring, we have successfully optimized their triplet excited state quantum yields and their efficiency to generate singlet oxygen. Uniquely, the picolylamine-porphyrin conjugate 3 having five zinc ions exhibited a triplet excited state quantum yield of ca. 0.97 and a sensitized singlet oxygen generation yield of ca. 0.92. In contrast, the free base porphyrin derivative 1 exhibited ca. 0.64 and 0.5 of the triplet excited state and singlet oxygen quantum yields, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the insertion of zinc metal ions in the picolylamine-porphyrin conjugates not only quantitatively enhances the triplet excited state and singlet oxygen yields but also imparts hydrophilicity, thereby their potential use as sensitizers in photodynamic therapy and green photooxygenation reactions.
NITRATE TRANSPORTER GENES FROM THE DIATOM <i>CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS</i> (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE): mRNA LEVELS CONTROLLED BY NITROGEN SOURCE AND BY THE CELL CYCLE (2000)

The molecular characterization of components involved in nitrate uptake and assimilation in phytoplankton is likely to provide new insights into these processes, their regulation, and their effect on primary production. We report the cloning and initial characterization of the first nitrate transporter genes in a marine organism, from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann et Lewin. A clone isolated from a silicon-responsive cDNA library was shown by sequence comparison to encode a homolog of high-affinity nitrate transporters. The C. fusiformis nitrate transporter cDNA was named NAT (NitrAte Transporter). The NAT cDNA was used to isolate a genomic clone that contained two additional nitrate transporter genes, NAT1 and NAT2, arranged in tandem. The cDNA and two genomic sequences were highly conserved, and only 18 of 1446 nucleotides in the coding region differed. At least four copies of NAT genes were present in C. fusiformis and as shown by hybridization, multiple copies were present in other diatom species. The transcript abundance of NAT genes in cultures with different nitrogen sources was monitored by RNase protection assays. NAT mRNA levels were high in the presence of nitrate, at nearly the same level during nitrogen starvation, and also high in urea-containing cultures. Lower mRNA levels occurred in nitrite-grown cultures. NAT transcript levels were highly repressed with NH<sub>4</sub> Cl or NH<sub>4</sub> NO<sub>3</sub> as the nitrogen source, although very low amounts were detected. These results suggested that monitoring NAT mRNA levels could serve as a marker for (1) nitrate uptake in nitrate medium, (2) nitrogen starvation, and (3) ammonium use by virtue of absence of expression. NAT mRNA levels were not directly regulated by light or dark, but were apparently related to cellular growth and protein synthesis. Using light/dark synchronized cultures to monitor cell cycle responses, NAT mRNA levels were high in early G<sub>1</sub> phase, decreased through the remainder of G<sub>1</sub> , then increased during DNA synthesis in S phase and into G<sub>2</sub> , and finally decreased after M phase. In silicon-starvation synchronized cultures, levels were high at the G<sub>1</sub> /S phase boundary, high throughout S and G<sub>2</sub> , and finally decreased after M phase. It was clear that NAT expression, and by inference nitrate uptake, did not occur at continuous levels throughout the cell cycle. The results of the RNase protection experiments suggested that transcriptional regulation is a major contributing factor in the control of diatom nitrate uptake. The cloning of the C. fusiformis nitrate transporter genes provides a new tool for investigating diatom nitrogen uptake and metabolism. In addition, the regulation of NAT expression by nitrogen source is likely to be useful in developing techniques to specifically control the expression of genes fused to NAT regulatory sequences in transgenic diatoms.
Indwelling catheter-associated urinary tract infections (2003)

Catheter associated urinary tract infection accounts for a large proportion of all hospital-acquired infections, and there has been little change in the incidence of such infections since the introduction of closed sterile urinary drainage systems in the 1960s. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the subject of catheter associated urinary tract infections, with reference to the use and possible improvement of closed sterile catheter drainage systems.
Melatonin in Patients with Reduced REM Sleep Duration: Two Randomized Controlled Trials (2004)

Recent data suggest that melatonin may influence human physiology, including the sleep-wake cycle, in a time-dependent manner via the body's internal clock. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep expression is strongly circadian modulated, and the impact of REM sleep on primary brain functions, metabolic processes, and immune system function has become increasingly clear over the past decade. In our study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous melatonin on disturbed REM sleep in humans. Fourteen consecutive outpatients (five women, nine men; mean age, 50 yr) with unselected neuropsychiatric sleep disorders and reduced REM sleep duration (25% or more below age norm according to diagnostic polysomnography) were included in two consecutive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design clinical trials. Patients received 3 mg melatonin daily, administered between 2200 and 2300 h for 4 wk. The results of the study show that melatonin was significantly more effective than placebo: patients on melatonin experienced significant increases in REM sleep percentage (baseline/melatonin, 14.7/17.8 vs. baseline/placebo, 14.3/12.0) and improvements in subjective measures of daytime dysfunction as well as clinical global impression score. Melatonin did not shift circadian phase or suppress temperature but did increase REM sleep continuity and promote decline in rectal temperature during sleep. These results were confirmed in patients who received melatonin in the second study (REM sleep percentage baseline/placebo/melatonin, 14.3/12.0/17.9). In patients who received melatonin in the first study and placebo in the second, the above mentioned effects outlasted the period of melatonin administration and diminished only slowly over time (REM sleep percentage baseline/melatonin/placebo, 14.7/17.8/16.2). Our findings show that exogenous melatonin, when administered at the appropriate time, seems to normalize circadian variation in human physiology. It may, therefore, have a strong impact on general health, especially in the elderly and in shift workers.
Development of a method for simultaneous determination of eflucimibe and its three major metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: a preliminary study (2005)

A high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eflucimibe, a powerful acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, and its main metabolites, in plasma. The ESI and MS/MS parameters were investigated and optimised for each of the four compounds in the positive ion mode. Plasma samples were deproteinised by precipitation with acetonitrile and directly analysed by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS in less than 4 min. Quantitation was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for highest sensitivity, selecting the protonated molecules [M+H](+) as precursor ions. The method was demonstrated to be specific and sensitive, and a linear response was observed within a 1-25 ng/mL concentration range. Correlation coefficients (r(2)) greater than 0.9960 were obtained by least-squares regression, and limits of detection down to 0.2 ng/mL were calculated. Therefore, this HPLC/ESI-MS/MS method appears to be an efficient tool, able to provide valuable information for a pharmacological purpose.
Self-Describing Delegation Networks for the Web (2006)

As the necessity of flexible Web security becomes more apparent and as the notion of using policies for access control gains popularity, the number of policy languages being proposed for controlling access to Web resources increases. Instead of defining a single standard policy language, we believe that there should be a way of embracing different policy languages and of allowing interoperability between systems that use different policy languages. We propose Rein - a policy and delegation framework that is grounded in semantic Web technologies - to help the Web preserve maximum expressiveness for local policy communities by enabling global interoperability of policy reasoning. Rein provides ontologies for describing policy and delegation networks, and provides mechanisms for reasoning over them, both of which can be used to develop domain and policy language specific access control frameworks for Web resources. The focus of this paper is the delegation mechanisms of the Rein policy framework that support both delegation of authorization and trust. In this paper we give a brief overview of the Rein framework, describe its delegation mechanisms, and illustrate their usefulness through some examples.
<b>Unsaturated Macrocyclic Compounds. XXV.<sup>1</sup> The Synthesis of Bisdehydro-[20]-annulene, [20]Annulene, Tridehydro-[30]annulene and [30]Annulene from 1,5,9-Decatriyne</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsaturated Macrocyclic Compounds. XXV.1 The Synthesis of Bisdehydro-[20]-annulene, [20]Annulene, Tridehydro-[30]annulene and [30]Annulene from 1,5,9-DecatriyneFranz. Sondheimer and Yehiel. GaoniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 18, 3520–3526Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00877a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00877a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An efficient encoding algorithm for vector quantization based on subvector technique (2003)

In this paper, a new and fast encoding algorithm for vector quantization is presented. This algorithm makes full use of two characteristics of a vector: the sum and the variance. A vector is separated into two subvectors: one is composed of the first half of vector components and the other consists of the remaining vector components. Three inequalities based on the sums and variances of a vector and its two subvectors components are introduced to reject those codewords that are impossible to be the nearest codeword, thereby saving a great deal of computational time, while introducing no extra distortion compared to the conventional full search algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is faster than the equal-average nearest neighbor search (ENNS), the improved ENNS, the equal-average equal-variance nearest neighbor search (EENNS) and the improved EENNS algorithms. Comparing with the improved EENNS algorithm, the proposed algorithm reduces the computational time and the number of distortion calculations by 2.4% to 6% and 20.5% to 26.8%, respectively. The average improvements of the computational time and the number of distortion calculations are 4% and 24.6% for the codebook sizes of 128 to 1024, respectively.
Label-free peptide profiling of Orbitrap™ full mass spectra (2011)

Peptrix is capable of peptide profiling using Orbitrap™ files and finding differential expressed peptides in body fluid and tissue samples. The number of peptide masses detected in Orbitrap™ files can be increased by using more MS1 peptide profiling applications, including Peptrix, since it appears from the comparison of Peptrix with the other applications that all software packages have likely a high false negative rate of low intensity peptide peaks (missing peptides).
Tunneled TLS for multi-factor authentication (2011)

When logging onto a remote server, s, from a distrusted terminal, c, one can leak secrets such as passwords and account data to malware. To address this problem, we rely on a trusted personal device, p, as the interface available to users for entering their login credentials. In our proposal, p would send the credentials to s using a tunneled TLS session routed via c. The tunneling would be done within an existing TLS session established between c and s. Upon validating the credentials, s would enable c to access the user account. Consequently, c would never see in plain-text user's credentials. As a powerful application, we show that p could use our protocol to execute a credit-card-like payment at a point-of-sale terminal, c, using an account managed by the card-issuing bank, s.
Pepsin as a Marker of Extraesophageal Reflux (2010)

Diagnosis of extraesophageal reflux (EER) currently relies on tools designed for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Such tools lack the sensitivity and reproducibility to detect the less frequent and mildly acidic reflux associated with upper airway disease. Pepsin has been posited to be a reliable biological marker of EER. Our aim was to present a comprehensive literature review of the use of pepsin as a diagnostic marker of EER. Two methods are typically used for detection of pepsin in the airways: enzymatic and immunologic. The limitations, advantages, and examples of use of each are discussed. Pepsin assay has been used to identify refluxate in trachea, lung, sinus, middle ear, combined sputum and saliva, and breath condensate. An immunologic pepsin assay of combined sputum and saliva was determined to be 100% sensitive and 89% specific for detection of EER (based on pH-metry), and an enzymatic test of nasal lavage fluid (100% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity) demonstrated an increased incidence of EER in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Pepsin assay identified tracheal pepsin to be an indicator of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and related mortality risk in ventilated preterm infants. Pepsin assay is a useful tool for correlation of reflux with airway disease and is a reliable diagnostic marker of EER.
Linked Suppression in Peripheral T Cell Tolerance to the House Dust Mite Derived Allergen Der p 1 (1999)

High-dose peptide delivered intranasally induces transient expression of Delta 1 on inhibitory CD4+ T cells. Ligation of the Notch1 receptor on neighbouring T cells by Delta1+ regulatory T cells inhibits clonal expansion of the former and mediates linked suppression.