gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The status of surgical thoracoscopy in thoracic surgery]. (1994)

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is viewed as a sparing and safe alternative to thoracotomy for a wide spectrum of benign thoracic diseases. However the loss of palpation as well as the insufficiency of complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy are responsible for the uncertainty of the new method concerning curative oncological therapy. During the last two years we could replace thoracotomy by operative thoracoscopy in nearly all cases of recurrent pneumothorax and recurring pleural effusion. In a series of 447 endoscopic operations in 350 patients following distinct indications and strong prerequisites in terms of operating team and infrastructure of our department we could establish a high standard for this new operating method. The good postoperative results of this large series of thoracoscopic operations indicate the high rank of this new technique in thoracic surgery. Recurrence rates of 1.5% for pneumothorax surgery and 0 for pleurectomy for malignant pleural effusion can be compared to those in open thoracic surgery. Six weeks after the operation the postoperative lung function was normal in 80% of an initial group of patients.
Evidence for Yellow Light Suppression of Lettuce Growth¶ (2001)

Researchers studying plant growth under different lamp types often attribute differences in growth to a blue light response. Lettuce plants were grown in six blue light treatments comprising five blue light fractions (0, 2, 6% from high-pressure sodium [HPS] lamps and 6, 12, 26% from metal halide [MH] lamps). Lettuce chlorophyll concentration, dry mass, leaf area and specific leaf area under the HPS and MH 6% blue were significantly different, suggesting wavelengths other than blue and red affected plant growth. Results were reproducible in two replicate studies at each of two photosynthetic photon fluxes, 200 and 500 mumol m-2 s-1. We graphed the data against absolute blue light, phytochrome photoequilibrium, phototropic blue, UV, red:far red, blue:red, blue: far red and 'yellow' light fraction. Only the 'yellow' wavelength range (580-600 nm) explained the differences between the two lamp types.
Possible role for the FosB/JunD AP-1 transcription factor complex in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells (2000)

The potent excitatory and neurotoxic actions of glutamate are known to influence the expression of a variety of genes, including those encoding the AP-1 transcription factor, which comprises proteins belonging to the Fos and Jun families. However, the precise role of Fos- and Jun-like transcription factors in these events remains elusive. Here we demonstrate, using primary cultures of mouse brain cerebellar granule cells as an in vitro model system, a possible involvement of the FosB/JunD heterodimer in excitotoxicity. Granule cells were grown for either 2 or 7 days in vitro (DIV) before exposure to varying concentrations (1-3000 microM) of the excitotoxin glutamate. In 7-DIV cells, glutamate induced a concentration-dependent neuronal death, whereas, in 2-DIV cells, no glutamate-induced neuronal damage was seen. We were particularly interested in comparing the protein composition of the AP-1 transcription factor complex in cells exposed to excitotoxic and to nontoxic conditions. AP-1 DNA binding activity was demonstrated by gel shift analysis in nuclear extracts derived from 7-DIV cells following exposure to either a nontoxic (10 microM) or an excitotoxic (250 microM) dose of glutamate and was similarly observed in extracts of 2-DIV cells exposed to the same levels of glutamate. Gel supershift analysis using antibodies against the different Fos and Jun family members allowed differentiation between AP-1 DNA binding in nuclear extracts as a function of both 1) viability status and 2) the stage of development. Of major significance was the finding that FosB could be detected as a component of AP-1 in 7-DIV cells only under excitotoxic conditions, whereas c-Fos, Fra-2, and JunD proteins were detectable under both excitotoxic and nontoxic conditions in cells of this age. In 2-DIV cells (in which glutamate is nontoxic), AP-1 comprised combinations of only Fra-1, Fra-2, c-Jun, and JunD. Because Fos family members are unable to form homodimers, this finding raises the possibility that the FosB/JunD heterodimer may have special significance in the mechanism of excitotoxic neuronal death.
Effects of Field Topography, Ridge Shape and Crop Rotation on Growth and Yield in Coix lachyma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf (1997)

Variations in growth and yield of adlay(Coix lachyma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf) was monitored in farmer's fields in Yunchon, the main producing area in Korea, where the field condition showed difference in topograyphy, crop rotation, and ridge shape. Rotation cropping increased remankably stem length, and number of effective tillers, reduced the occurrence of leaf blight and crop damage by the disease, and in addition showed positive effect to repress the occurrence of stem-borerin upland field. Stem length was greater in upland field than in paddy field and this result seemed to be related to lodging degree. The even field with crop rotation system showed the highest seed yield and followed by hillside field and paddy field resulted the lowest yield.
Intraoperative mapping of expressive language cortex using passive real-time electrocorticography (2016)

In this case report, we investigated the utility and practicality of passive intraoperative functional mapping of expressive language cortex using high-resolution electrocorticography (ECoG). The patient presented here experienced new-onset seizures caused by a medium-grade tumor in very close proximity to expressive language regions. In preparation of tumor resection, the patient underwent multiple functional language mapping procedures. We examined the relationship of results obtained with intraoperative high-resolution ECoG, extraoperative ECoG utilizing a conventional subdural grid, extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our results demonstrate that intraoperative mapping using high-resolution ECoG is feasible and, within minutes, produces results that are qualitatively concordant to those achieved by extraoperative mapping modalities. They also suggest that functional language mapping of expressive language areas with ECoG may prove useful in many intraoperative conditions given its time efficiency and safety. Finally, they demonstrate that integration of results from multiple functional mapping techniques, both intraoperative and extraoperative, may serve to improve the confidence in or precision of functional localization when pathology encroaches upon eloquent language cortex.
A Portable Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine and (-)Epigallocatechin Gallate Based on Molecularly Imprinted Poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-vinyl alcohol) Recognition Element (2011)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration allows a maximum of 72 mg of caffeine per 12 oz. serving (6 mg/oz). Consuming 400 mg of caffeine 3 times daily for 7 days may develop sleep disruption effects. However, it is still very hard for people to estimate how much caffeine is intake daily. Moreover, (-)epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is studied a potent antioxidant that may have therapeutic properties for anti-aging and cancer. Conventionally, both caffeine and EGCG could be measured by the protocols of high performance liquid chromatography; however, high precision instruments are required. In this work, the caffeine and EGCG are used as the template molecules and imprinted into poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), EVAL, via solvent evaporation. The EVAL membrane is then used as the sensing element for electrochemical analysis after templates removal. From the cyclic voltammetry measurement of the caffeine, the peak oxidation potential is shifted from 0.36 to 0.46 V when the final concentration of caffeine is from 0.01 to 1 mg/mL, and the highest current density is about 0.18 microA/cm2. The caffeine and EGCG concentrations measured in three real samples are about 0.10-0.13 mg/mL and 0.49-1.74 mg/mL, respectively. This molecularly imprinted polymeric coated electrode is potential employed as a home-care system.
Jardins classiques français et chinois comparaison de deux modalités paysagères (2005)

National audience
An Ultra Low-power Miniature Speech CODEC at 8 kb/s and 16 kb/s (2000)

This paper describes a CODEC implementation on an ultra low-power miniature application specific signal processor (ASSP) designed for mobile a udio signal processing applications. The CODEC records s peech to and plays back from a serial flash memory at data rates of 16 and 8 kb/s, with a bandwidth of 4 kHz. This CODEC consumes only 1 mW in a package small enough for use in a range of demanding portable applications. Results, improvements and applications are a lso d iscussed.
Some preparative and spectroscopic studies of silylamines (1970)

The reaction of silyl bromide with the products of the reactions of amines with lithium tetrahydridoaluminate has been studied. N.m.r. parameters of a large number of N-silyl compounds are reported and their significance is discussed. The parameters enable predictions to be made concerning Si–N bond lengths in a number of cases. The silylamines studied include the new species, N-silylpyrrole, N-silylphthalimide, N-silylsuccinimide, and N-silylazetidine. Some reactions of silylamines are described, including insertion reactions of carbon dioxide, carbon disulphide, and carbonyl sulphide into the Si–N bond of silyl derivatives of some secondary amines. The products with carbonyl sulphide show restricted rotation about the R2N–C bond.
Tear Strength of Stretched Rubber (1978)

Abstract Highly stretched rubber sheets can be split apart quite easily, indicating that the originally isotropic material becomes “fibrous” in character— i.e. , much weaker for a tear running in the direction of extension than for one running at right angles to it. This anisotropy of strength is shown most clearly by elastomers which crystallize on stretching, for example, natural rubber compounds; it is not so evident in rubber compounds which do not undergo strain-induced crystallization. Also, it is apparently more pronounced for compounds containing reinforcing fillers, notably carbon black, which stiffen and strengthen elastomers. Indeed, carbon-black-filled natural rubber compounds show anisotropy of strength even after the extension is removed. The test sheet then regains its original dimensions more or less completely, but it remains softer for subsequent deformations in the direction of pre-stretching, and weaker for a tear running in this direction. Although unfilled natural rubber compounds and filled and unfilled noncrystallizing elastomers are also softened to varying degrees by prestretching, they do not appear to show anisotropy of strength to any significant degree when the prior extension is removed. This phenomenon is apparently unique to filled, strain-crystallizing, elastomer compounds. Differences in strength in different directions, induced either by a previous deformation or by a present one, are of considerable practical interest. They are probably responsible for the phenomenon of “knotty” tearing, when a running tear spontaneously deviates from the expected path, at right angles to the principal tensile stress, and turns instead into the stress direction. As a result, stress concentrations at the tear tip are greatly reduced, and the tear stops altogether until the applied stress becomes high enough for a new tear to break ahead. This stick-slip pattern of tearing is characteristic of filler-reinforced elastomers; indeed, it appears to be the principal mechanism of reinforcement because their tear strengths are not much greater than those of unfilled elastomers when knotty tearing is prevented. Thus, reinforcement by fillers is closely associated with, and may depend upon, anisotropy of tear strength in the deformed state.
High repetition rate burst-mode spark gap (1979)

Results are presented on the design and testing of a pressurized gas blown spark-gap switch capable of high repetition rates in a burst mode of operation. The switch parameters which have been achieved are as follows: 220 kV, 42 kA, a five-pulse burst at 1 kHz, 12-ns rise time, 2-ns jitter at a pulsewidth of 50 ns.
Use of catalase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> in model experiments for oxygen supply of microorganisms with hydrogen peroxide (1984)

A catalase has been purified from aerobically grown Escherichia coli K12. The enzyme exhibits unorthodox properties compared with catalyse from bovine liver and seems to be identical to hydroperoxidase II from E. coli. A mathematical model is presented which makes it possible to calculate the steady-state concentration of hydrogen peroxide in an open system. The model has been verified experimentally. It has been shown that the catalase from E. coli is better suited than the bovine liver enzyme for oxygen supply to cell suspensions using hydrogen peroxide.
Design of multi-dimensional magnetic position sensor systems based on HallinOne<sup>®</sup> technology (2010)

Systems for measurement of relative displacements or rotations in a single dimension by means of Hall sensors are state of the art. Fraunhofer HallinOne <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Technology delivers 3D Hall sensors which can measure the complete spatial magnetic field vector as well as its change in all spatial directions at once. This allows in principle the design of position sensor systems which can detect all six degrees of freedom (positions and angles) of any device with a single magnet and a single magnetic field sensor. Unfortunately, complexity of the design increases significantly with the number of DOF in question. In this paper, after giving an overview on Fraunhofer IIS' HallinOne <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> technology, we present a software environment for the design of 3D magnetic position sensor systems, which supports the design process from feasibility studies unto preliminary testing of virtual prototypes. An application in the automotive domain is shown as an example.
Synthesis and shape control of mercury selenide (HgSe) quantum dots (2008)

Mercury selenide (HgSe) quantum dots have been synthesised and capped with the coordinating solvent trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), which mediated growth and stabilised the particles. By varying the precursor to surfactant ratio, differing particle morphologies were obtained.
Effect of pressure and temperature on the refractive indices of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and water (1963)

An interferometer for measuring change in index of refraction with pressure is described. Absolute indices of refraction are reported to five decimals for benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and water at pressures as high as 1100 bars over a small temperature range. The results of replicate measurements agree to within ±0.0001. Various equations relating index and specific volume show systematic deviations in all cases. At constant specific volume, the index of carbon tetrachloride increases with increasing temperature, while the index of water decreases with increasing temperature. The refractive index of benzene shows no effect due solely to temperature within the experimental error. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed.
Efficient Training of Feed-Forward Neural Networks (1993)

<p>Since the discovery of the back-propagation method, many modified and new algorithms have been proposed for training of feed-forward neural networks. The problem with slow convergence rate has, however, not been solved when the training is on large scale problems. There is still a need for more efficient algorithms. This Ph.D. thesis describes different approaches to improve convergence. The main results of the thesis is the development of the Scaled Conjugate Gradient Algorithm and the stochastic version of this algorithm. Other important results are the development of methods that can derive and use Hessian information in an efficient way. The main part of this thesis is the 5 papers presented in appendices A-E. Chapters 1-6 give an overview of learning in feed-forward neural networks, put these papers in perspective and present the most important results. The conclusion of this thesis is:</p><p> </p><p>* Conjugate gradient algorithms are very suitable for training of feed-forward networks.</p><p>* Use of second order information by calculations on the Hessian matrix can be used to improve convergence.</p>
Diterpenoid total synthesis, an A .far. B .far. C approach. VIII. Introduction of oxygen at carbon-11. Total synthesis of (+-)-carnosic acid dimethyl ether and (+-)-carnosol dimethyl ether (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiterpenoid total synthesis, an A .far. B .far. C approach. VIII. Introduction of oxygen at carbon-11. Total synthesis of (+-)-carnosic acid dimethyl ether and (+-)-carnosol dimethyl etherWalter L. Meyer, Richard A. Manning, Erich Schindler, Robert S. Schroeder, and D. Craig ShewCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 6, 1005–1015Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00868a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00868a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensor and data fusion contest: test imagery to compare and combine airborne SAR and optical sensors for mapping (2003)

Presently, a data fusion contest is conducted to compare the potential of airborne SAR with optical sensors for mapping applications. The goal of the test is to answer two questions: (1) Can state-of-the-art airborne SAR compete with optical sensors in the mapping domain? (2) What can be gained when SAR and optical images are used in combination, i.e., when methods for information fusion are applied? The test is organized in the framework of the IEEE GRSS data fusion technical committee (DFC), ISPRS working group III/6 "Multi-Source Vision", which both have strong relations with scientists, active in research on sensor fusion and automation in mapping, and - as the provider of the main organizational framework - the European Organization for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE), which is the European research platform of national mapping agencies and other institutions, regarding technology developments to optimize the use of core data in a geoinformation infrastructure context. In the preparatory phase of the test, which has been started on the occasion of IGARSS 2001, test data has been collected and the scope of object extraction for mapping has been defined. The outcome of this phase, i.e. the test imagery to be used in the contest and its potential for mapping is presented in this paper.
Stereotaxic needle biopsy and preoperative indication of non-palpable mammary lesions. (1977)

President Roosevelt congratulates Reverend J.F. Dickie on his upcoming church dedication and the "happy result of the persistent and self-denying labors".
Metabolomics In Biomarker Discovery: Future Uses For Cancer Prevention (2008)

Metabolomics is the systematic study of small-molecular-weight substances in cells, tissues and/or whole organisms as influenced by multiple factors including genetics, diet, lifestyle and pharmaceutical interventions. These substances may directly or indirectly interact with molecular targets and thereby influence the risk and complications associated with various diseases, including cancer. Since the interaction between metabolites and specific targets is dynamic, knowledge regarding genetics, susceptibility factors, timing, and degree of exposure to an agent (drug or food component) is fundamental to understanding the metabolome and its potential use for predicting and preventing early phenotypic changes. The future of metabolomics rests with its ability to monitor subtle changes in the metabolome that occur prior to the detection of a gross phenotypic change reflecting disease. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and other 'omics' may provide more sensitive ways to detect changes related to disease and discover novel biomarkers. Knowledge regarding these multivariant characteristics is critical for establishing validated and predictive metabolomic models for cancer prevention. Understanding the metabolome will not only provide insights into the critical sites of regulation in health promotion, but will also assist in identifying intermediate or surrogate cancer biomarkers for establishing preemptive/preventative or therapeutic approaches for health. While unraveling the metabolome will not be simple, the societal implications are enormous.
v-erbA overexpression is required to extinguish c-erbA function in erythroid cell differentiation and regulation of the erbA target gene CAII. (1991)

The v-erbA oncoprotein represents a retrovirus-transduced oncogenic version of the thyroid hormone (T3/T4) receptor c-erbA (type alpha). It contributes to virus-induced erythroleukemia by efficiently arresting differentiation of red cell progenitors and by suppressing transcription of erythrocyte-specific genes. Here, we show that v-erbA and c-erbA bind directly to sequences within the promoter of the erythrocyte-specific carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), a gene whose transcription is efficiently suppressed by v-erbA. This erbA-binding site confers thyroid hormone responsiveness to a heterologous promoter in transient expression experiments and is a target for efficient down-regulation of CAII transcription by the v-erbA oncoprotein. In stably transformed erythroblasts coexpressing the v-erbA oncoprotein and the c-erbA/T3 receptor at an approximately equimolar ratio, c-erbA activity is dominant over v-erbA. T3 efficiently induced erythroid differentiation in these cells, thus overcoming the v-erbA-mediated differentiation arrest. Likewise, T3 activated CAII transcription as well as transient expression of a T3-responsive reporter gene containing the CAII-specific erbA-binding site. The c-erbA-dependent activation of this CAII reporter construct could only be suppressed by very high amounts of v-erbA. Our results suggest that overexpression of v-erbA is required for its function as an oncoprotein.