gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Seismic Recorder Specification Standards (1988)

To help those SEG members who use digital seismic field recorders to compare performances of various instruments, the Technical Standards Committee proposed that a set of standards be established to define critical characteristics of digital seismic recorders. Tests and analysis procedures for determining these characteristics were also recommended.
A novel eco friendly synthesis of cerium oxide nano particles usingglycerol as stabilizing agent (2014)

Cerium oxide nano particles are synthesized by solvent free method using cerium nitrate as starting material and glycerol as organic dispersant. Thematerialwas characterized byXRD, SEM,UV- visible and fluorescence techniques. XRD analysis revealed that the ceriumoxide nano particles has face centered cubic structure. The average grain size was about 59 nm. The surface morphology of the compound was carried out using SEM and the particles forms a nano tubular structure which grows up to 3 nm. The EDAX spectrum reveals the purity of the compound. The UVspectrumshows a maximumat 338 nmwhich is due to the charge transfer fromoxygen to ceriumin ceriumdioxide. The fluorescence spectrum shows three emission around 378, 438 and 484 nm.
Anticonvulsant drugs and the genetically epilepsy-prone rat. (1985)

Anticonvulsant drugs were evaluated in members of two colonies of genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR). Virtually all of the animals in the first colony experience a wild running fit that terminates in a generalized clonic convulsion when they are stimulated by sound. According to our convulsion intensity scoring system, these animals have an audiogenic response score (ARS) of 3 and the colony is designated the GEPR-3 colony. In the second colony, more than 95% of the animals experience a wild running phase terminating in a tonic extensor convulsion when they are stimulated by sound. That is, they have an ARS of 9 and the colony is designated the GEPR-9 colony. All of the established antiepileptic drugs that were tested produced anticonvulsant effects in the GEPR. Three tricyclic antidepressant agents acted as anticonvulsants in doses substantially lower than the toxic doses that produced spontaneous convulsions. Two of the established anticonvulsants, phenobarbital and ethosuximide, produced anticonvulsant effects in very similar doses in members of GEPR-3 and GEPR-9 colonies. Valproic acid produced an anticonvulsant effect in GEPR-3 in significantly lower doses than in GEPR-9. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, imipramine, amitriptyline, and desipramine produced anticonvulsant effects in essentially equimolar doses and in each case the protective dose was significantly lower in GEPR-9 than in GEPR-3 colonies. GEPR did not experience the convulsive effects of imipramine, amitriptyline, and desipramine at lower doses than did control animals. Thus, these epilepsy-prone animals are no more likely to experience convulsions in response to overdose of one of these three drugs than are nonepileptic subjects.
Angioplasty and stenting for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs: an overview of Cochrane Reviews (2017)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Overview). The objectives are as follows: To summarise the evidence from relevant Cochrane Reviews regarding effectiveness of angioplasty and stenting for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs.
Tunable Graphene Single Electron Transistor (2008)

We report electronic transport experiments on a graphene single electron transistor. The device consists of a graphene island connected to source and drain electrodes via two narrow graphene constrictions. It is electrostatically tunable by three lateral graphene gates and an additional back gate. The tunneling coupling is a strongly nonmonotonic function of gate voltage indicating the presence of localized states in the barriers. We investigate energy scales for the tunneling gap, the resonances in the constrictions, and for the Coulomb blockade resonances. From Coulomb diamond measurements in different device configurations (i.e., barrier configurations) we extract a charging energy of approximately 3.4 meV and estimate a characteristic energy scale for the constriction resonances of approximately 10 meV.
MoleculeNet: a benchmark for molecular machine learning (2017)

Molecular machine learning has been maturing rapidly over the last few years. Improved methods and the presence of larger datasets have enabled machine learning algorithms to make increasingly accurate predictions about molecular properties. However, algorithmic progress has been limited due to the lack of a standard benchmark to compare the efficacy of proposed methods; most new algorithms are benchmarked on different datasets making it challenging to gauge the quality of proposed methods. This work introduces MoleculeNet, a large scale benchmark for molecular machine learning. MoleculeNet curates multiple public datasets, establishes metrics for evaluation, and offers high quality open-source implementations of multiple previously proposed molecular featurization and learning algorithms (released as part of the DeepChem open source library). MoleculeNet benchmarks demonstrate that learnable representations are powerful tools for molecular machine learning and broadly offer the best performance. However, this result comes with caveats. Learnable representations still struggle to deal with complex tasks under data scarcity and highly imbalanced classification. For quantum mechanical and biophysical datasets, the use of physics-aware featurizations can be more important than choice of particular learning algorithm.
Characterization of a folding intermediate of apoplastocyanin trapped by proline isomerization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of a folding intermediate of apoplastocyanin trapped by proline isomerizationShohei Koide, H. Jane Dyson, and Peter E. WrightCite this: Biochemistry 1993, 32, 46, 12299–12310Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00097a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00097a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oligoether‐Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole: An Ion‐Pair Receptor Displaying Cation‐Dependent Chloride Anion Transport (2012)

A ditopic ion-pair receptor (1), which has tunable cation- and anion-binding sites, has been synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic analyses provide support for the conclusion that receptor 1 binds fluoride and chloride anions strongly and forms stable 1:1 complexes ([1·F](-) and [1·Cl](-)) with appropriately chosen salts of these anions in acetonitrile. When the anion complexes of 1 were treated with alkali metal ions (Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Cs(+), as their perchlorate salts), ion-dependent interactions were observed that were found to depend on both the choice of added cation and the initially complexed anion. In the case of [1·F](-), no appreciable interaction with the K(+) ion was seen. On the other hand, when this complex was treated with Li(+) or Na(+) ions, decomplexation of the bound fluoride anion was observed. In contrast to what was seen with Li(+), Na(+), K(+), treating [1·F](-) with Cs(+) ions gave rise to a stable, host-separated ion-pair complex, [F·1·Cs], which contains the Cs(+) ion bound in the cup-like portion of the calix[4]pyrrole. Different complexation behavior was seen in the case of the chloride complex, [1·Cl](-). Here, no appreciable interaction was observed with Na(+) or K(+). In contrast, treating with Li(+) produces a tight ion-pair complex, [1·Li·Cl], in which the cation is bound to the crown moiety. In analogy to what was seen for [1·F](-), treatment of [1·Cl](-) with Cs(+) ions gives rise to a host-separated ion-pair complex, [Cl·1·Cs], in which the cation is bound to the cup of the calix[4]pyrrole. As inferred from liposomal model membrane transport studies, system 1 can act as an effective carrier for several chloride anion salts of Group 1 cations, operating through both symport (chloride+cation co-transport) and antiport (nitrate-for-chloride exchange) mechanisms. This transport behavior stands in contrast to what is seen for simple octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole, which acts as an effective carrier for cesium chloride but does not operates through a nitrate-for-chloride anion exchange mechanism.
Evidence Based Training (2010)

A progressively more complex operational environment together with increasing reliability of modern aircraft, has prompted a global review of airline pilot training. In addition to accident and incident reports, analysis of the various sources of flight data, LOSA etc has allowed the identification of risks encountered in actual operations and the ability to tailor training programs to mitigate these real risks. This paper details progress in a project to identify attributes required to operate airliners safely, effectively and efficiently.
Heterodiene synthesis. Part XVII. Reactions of 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene derivatives with enamines: a Michael pathway as an alternative to 1,2- and 1,4-cycloadditions (1976)

The reactions of enamines with 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene-acetates and -acetophenones have been studied. With enamines derived from aldehydes the former gave either 1,2- or 1,4-cycloaddition products, as previously described for the latter. However, both substrates gave only Michael-type adducts with enamines derived from cyclopentanone. The mechanism is discussed in terms of both frontier orbital interaction and stabilized dipolar intermediates.
Encoding-decoding optical fibre network (1978)

Two multicoupled multimode fibres can act either as an encoder or as its matched-filter decoder, depending on which terminals are used. Such a network which may find applications in communications and microwave systems has been demonstrated using fused T couplers, fibre connectors, and multimode optical-fibre delay lines.
An antibody-drug conjugate directed to the ALK receptor demonstrates efficacy in preclinical models of neuroblastoma (2019)

Enthusiasm for the use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in cancer therapy has risen over the past few years. The success of this therapeutic approach relies on the identification of cell surface antigens that are widely and selectively expressed on tumor cells. Studies have shown that native ALK protein is expressed on the surface of most neuroblastoma cells, providing an opportunity for development of immune-targeting strategies. Clinically relevant antibodies for this target have not yet been developed. Here, we describe the development of an ALK-ADC, CDX-0125-TEI, which selectively targets both wild-type and mutated ALK-expressing neuroblastomas. CDX-0125-TEI exhibited efficient antigen binding and internalization, and cytotoxicity at picomolar concentrations in cells with different expression of ALK on the cell surface. In vivo studies showed that CDX-0125-TEI is effective against ALK wild-type and mutant patient-derived xenograft models. These data demonstrate that ALK is a bona fide immunotherapeutic target and provide a rationale for clinical development of an ALK-ADC approach for neuroblastomas and other ALK-expressing childhood cancers such as rhabdomyosarcomas.
Lowering Crystallization Temperatures by Seeding in Structurally Diphasic Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐MgO Xerogels (1985)

Thermal reactions in 93% Al 2 O 3 ‐7% MgO and 95.8% Al 2 O 3 ‐4.2% MgO gels seeded with α‐Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 , α‐Fe 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 , sols were investigated by differential thermal analysis to determine the extent of nucleation catalysis of solid‐state reactions. Seeding with α‐Al 2 O 3 lowered the α‐Al 2 O 3 crystallization temperature in these xerogels by 100° to 150°C. Spinel seeds have much less effect on the γ‐α transition, and α‐Fe 2 O 3 and SiO 2 seeds do not affect it significantly. Isostructural seeding of gels may therefore permit lower ceramic processing temperatures.
Phylogeny and evolution of class-I helical cytokines (2006)

The class-I helical cytokines constitute a large group of signalling molecules that play key roles in a plethora of physiological processes including host defence, immune regulation, somatic growth, reproduction, food intake and energy metabolism, regulation of neural growth and many more. Despite little primary amino acid sequence similarity, the view that all contemporary class-I helical cytokines have expanded from a single ancestor is widely accepted, as all class-I helical cytokines share a similar three-dimensional fold, signal via related class-I helical cytokine receptors and activate similar intracellular signalling cascades. Virtually all of our knowledge on class-I helical cytokine signalling derives from research on primate and rodent species. Information on the presence, structure and function of class-I helical cytokines in non-mammalian vertebrates and non-vertebrates is fragmentary. Consequently, our ideas about the evolution of this versatile multigene family are often based on a limited comparison of human and murine orthologs. In the last 5 years, whole genome sequencing projects have yielded draft genomes of the early vertebrates, pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), spotted green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fuelled by this development, fish orthologs of a number of mammalian class-I helical cytokines have recently been discovered. In this review, we have characterised the mammalian class-I helical cytokine family and compared it with the emerging class-I helical cytokine repertoire of teleost fish. This approach offers important insights into cytokine evolution as it identifies the helical cytokines shared by fish and mammals that, consequently, existed before the divergence of teleosts and tetrapods. A 'fish-mammalian' comparison will identify the class-I helical cytokines that still await discovery in fish or, alternatively, may have been evolutionarily recent additions to the mammalian cytokine repertoire.
Quantitative Single Cell Analysis and Sorting (1977)

<p>With the rapid infrastructure development and economic growth in China, household car ownership in the country's rural areas has changed dramatically in the past 16 years. The total number of cars owned by households in rural areas is currently 12 times higher than it was 16 years ago. The exploration of the effects of the built environment on household car ownership in China's rural areas is worthwhile. However, few studies have investigated this topic. To fill in the research gap, this work collected 374 household data from rural areas in China to examine the effects of the built environment in Sichuan's rural areas on the number of cars in a household. It considered family structure, socioeconomic characteristics, and individual's perceptions of the built environment, preferences towards the built environment and attitudes towards car ownership (shortened to perceptions, preferences and attitudes from now on). Geographic information system (GIS) technology, combined with on-site measurement, was used for data collection. The multinomial logit model was applied for estimation. Household structure and the built environment (including the perceived built environment and the objective built environment) significantly influence the number of cars in a household. By contrast, preference and attitude attributes have less influence on car ownership. Most of the findings are in line with the literature in the context of Chinese cities. Nevertheless, new results are also found. For example, rural hukou, and building density have significant positive impacts on household car ownership in China's rural areas, which is in contrast with their effects on cities. As the first study on rural areas in China, this research provides some insights for rural planners and policymakers to understand better the relationship between built environment and household car ownership.</p>
Self-administration of medicines (1991)

In the fourth of this six-part series on nurse prescribing, Susan Davis assesses the advantages and disadvantages of patient self-administration of medicines in hospital. The former, she asserts, considerably outweigh the latter; a controlled self-administration programme can hasten a patient's progress towards full independence and ease the often difficult transition period following discharge. The problems experienced by specific groups of patients such as those with visual or manual dexterity deficits are considered and guidelines for practice offered.
El sector lácteo andaluz y la gestión de la cuota (2006)

Coronary bypass graft has been the conventional treatment of choice in anomalous left man coronary artery stenosis. We are reporting an interesting case with anomalous left main coronary artery originating from right aortic sinus having retroaortic course complicated by significant atherosclerotic narrowing of the vessel and its percutaneous management.
LyP-1-conjugated doxorubicin-loaded liposomes suppress lymphatic metastasis by inhibiting lymph node metastases and destroying tumor lymphatics (2011)

Lymphatic metastasis can be greatly promoted by metastases growth and lymphangiogenesis in lymph nodes (LNs). LyP-1, a cyclic peptide, is able to specifically bind with tumor cells and tumor lymphatics in metastatic LNs. This work aimed to use LyP-1-conjugated liposomes (L-LS) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) (L-LS/DOX) to suppress lymphatic metastasis by inhibiting both metastases and tumor lymphatics in LNs. L-LS were prepared and exhibited sizes around 90 nm and spherical morphology as characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro cellular studies showed that LyP-1 modification obviously increased liposome uptake by MDA-MB-435 tumor cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of liposomal DOX. A popliteal and iliac LN metastases model was successfully established by subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells to nude mice. The immunofluorescence staining analysis indicated that LyP-1 modification enabled specific binding of liposome with tumor lymphatics and enhanced the destroying effect of liposomal DOX on tumor lymphatics. The in vivo fluorescence imaging and pharmacodynamic studies showed that LyP-1 modification increased liposome uptake by metastatic LNs and that L-LS/DOX significantly decreased metastatic LN growth and LN metastasis rate. These results suggested that L-LS/DOX were an effective delivery system for suppressing lymphatic metastasis by simultaneously inhibiting LN metastases and tumor lymphatics.
Selection, recombination, and G----A hypermutation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates are genetically so heterogeneous that they must be described in terms of populations of related but distinct genomes called quasispecies. A recent study of the influence of ex vivo culturing on HIV-1 quasispecies demonstrated that usually low-abundance genomes outgrew the more prominent forms. Here it is shown that multiple passages of an HIV-1 isolate on peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in the outgrowth of very minor forms. A single passage of equal proportions of supernatants to either of the established lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines Molt-3 and U937-2, respectively, resulted in the isolation of different sets of minor forms. Recombination between component sequences was observed. Extensive and monotonous base substitutions of G----A (G----A hypermutation) were evident in many sequences. A strong preference for the transition within the GpA dinucleotide was observed. Dislocation mutagenesis, in this case, a -1 slippage or dislocation of the primer with respect to the template, during DNA synthesis by the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase would explain this bias. When the consequences of polymerase errors, recombination, hypermutation, and instability are added to the genetic description of HIV-1, the real complexity of this virus starts to become apparent.
Site‐specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into urate oxidase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

Urate oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid with poor solubility to produce 5-hydroxyisourate and allantoin. Since allantoin is excreted in vivo, urate oxidase has the potential to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of gout. However, its severe immunogenicity limits its clinical application. Furthermore, studies on the structure-function relationships of urate oxidase have proven difficult. We developed a method for genetically incorporating p-azido-L-phenylalanine into target protein in Escherichia coli in a site-specific manner utilizing a tyrosyl suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase system. We substituted p-azido-L-phenylalanine for Phe(170) or Phe(281) in urate oxidase. The products were purified and their enzyme activities were analyzed. In addition, we optimized the system by adding a "Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence" and tandem suppressor tRNA. This method has the benefit of site-specifically modifying urate oxidase with homogeneous glycosyl and PEG derivates, which can provide new insights into structure-function relationships and improve pharmacological properties of urate oxidase.
CMOS switched-capacitor filter for a two-chip PCM voice coder (1979)

This paper will cover a CMOS switched-capacitor filter for a PCM CODEC. Circuit consists of an elliptic low-pass ladder, a biquadratic high-pass filter and a state-space elliptic low-pass filter with a built-in sin X/X corrector.
Coupled Simulation-Measurements Platform for the Evaluation of Frequency Reuse in the 2.45 GHz ISM Band for Multimode Nodes with Multiple Antennas (2010)

We address the problem of efficiently evaluating performance of concurrent radio links on overlapped channels. In complex network topologies with various standards and frequency channels, simulating a realistic PHY layer communication is a key point. The presented coupled simulation-measurement platform offers a very promising way of rapidly modelling and validating effective performance of multimode, multichannel and multiantenna radio nodes. An accurate analysis of radio channel is performed and then realistic performance with or without antenna processing is shown, verifying theoretical performance. Finally, available performance of concurrent communications on overlapped channels is exposed, showing that this approach is viable to enhance network capacity.