gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of faulty products using data mining (2008)

The manufacturing process is complex due to the large number of processes, diverse equipment set and nonlinear process flows. Manufacturers constantly face yield and quality problems as they constantly redesign their processes for the rapid introduction of new products and adoption of new process technologies. Solving product yield and quality problems in a manufacturing process is becoming increasingly difficult. There are various types of failures and their causes have complex multi-factor interrelationships. High innovation speed forced today's manufacturers to find failure causes quickly by examining the historical manufacturing data. Data mining offers tools for quick discovery of relationships, patterns, and knowledge in large databases. This has been applied to many fields such as biological technology, financial analysis, medical information, etc. Application of data mining to manufacturing is relatively limited mainly because of complexity of manufacturing data. Growing self-organizing map (GSOM) algorithm has been proven to be an efficient algorithm to analyze unsupervised DNA data. However, it produced unsatisfactory clustering when used on some manufacturing data. Moreover, there was no benchmark to monitor improvement in clustering. In this study a method has been proposed to evaluate quality of the clusters produced by GSOM and to remove insignificant variables from the dataset. With the proposed modifications, significant improvement in unsupervised clustering was achieved with complex manufacturing data. Results show that the proposed method is able to effectively differentiate good and faulty products.
MSE-Based Transceiver Designs for the MIMO Interference Channel (2010)

Interference alignment (IA) has evolved as a powerful technique in the information theoretic framework for achieving the optimal degrees of freedom of interference channel. In practical systems, the design of specific interference alignment schemes is subject to various criteria and constraints. In this paper, we propose novel transceiver schemes for the MIMO interference channel based on the mean square error (MSE) criterion. Our objective is to optimize the system performance under a given and feasible degree of freedom. Both the total MSE and the maximum per-user MSE are chosen to be the objective functions to minimize. We show that the joint design of transmit precoding matrices and receiving filter matrices with both objectives can be realized through efficient iterative algorithms. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is proven as well. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes outperform the existing IA schemes in terms of BER performance. Considering the imperfection of channel state information (CSI), we also extend the MSE-based transceiver schemes for the MIMO interference channel with CSI estimation error. The robustness of the proposed algorithms is confirmed by simulations.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Sintered CdSe<sub><i>x</i></sub>Te<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub> Nanocrystal Solar Cells (2012)

Alloying is a versatile tool for engineering the optical and electronic properties of materials. Here, we explore the use of CdTe and CdSe nanocrystals in developing sintered CdSe(x)Te(1-x) alloys as bandgap tunable, light-absorbing layers for solution-processed solar cells. Using a layer-by-layer approach, we incorporate such alloyed materials into single- and graded-composition device architectures. Nanostructured solar cells employing CdSe(x)Te(1-x) layers are found to exhibit a spectral response deeper into the IR region than bulk CdTe devices as a result of optical bowing and achieve power conversion efficiencies as high as 7.1%. The versatility of the layer-by-layer approach is highlighted through the fabrication of compositionally graded solar cells in which the [Se]:[Te] ratio is varied across the device. Each of the individual layers can be clearly resolved through cross-sectional imaging and show limited interdiffusion. Such devices demonstrate the importance of band-alignment in the development of highly efficient, nanostructured solar cells.
Formation of Thromboxane B2 and Hydroxyarachidonic Acids in Purified Human Lymphocytes in the Presence and Absence of PHA (1979)

The metabolism of exogenous and endogenous [14C] arachidonc acid was studied in purified human peripheral blood lymphocytes carefully freed of contaminating platelets. Formation of products co-migrating in a number of different solvent systems with 5-hydroxyarachidonic acid (5-HETE), thromboxane B2 (TB2), prostaglandins and probably 12-hydroxyarachidonic acid (12-HETE) was demonstrated. In cells prelabeled with [14C] arachidonic acid, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) produced substantial (3.5- to 12-fold) increases in 5-HETE, 12-HETE, and TB2 radiolabeling. The metabolism of exogenous [14C] arachidonic acid was much less affected by PHA. Since PHA releases cell-bound arachidonic acid, it appears that the response involving endogenous label is due to increased availability of free arachidonic acid rather than induction of arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes. Various inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism exerted similar effects in lymphocytes to those described previously in other tissues providing a possible basis for interpreting their inhibitory effects on mitogenesis, described in the preceding paper.
An architecture for context prediction (2004)

The MTD of 177Lu-DOTA-Rituximab was found to be 45 mCi/m². Non hematologic toxicity was negligible. Responses were seen in all lymphoma entities and at all dose levels tested. Further testing seems to be most promising mainly in follicular and marginal zone lymphoma in particular as the results compare well to other therapy options for these patients with regard to effectiveness, toxicity and discomfort for the patients.
A matched-resolution wide aspect-ratio HDTV system (1988)

A fully NTSC-compatible two-channel wide-aspect-ratio high-definition television (HDTV) system with equal vertical and horizontal resolutions is described. The wideband Y, I, Q components are spectrally split into low-frequency and high-frequency bands. However, only the low-frequency components are spatially split into center and edge segments. The low-frequency edge signals are NTSC encoded and decoded using the existing hardware for the compatible center signals. The proposed system produces minimal crossluminance and crosschrominance, and provides equal edge and center resolutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antitumor activity of the proteinase inhibitor tetra-p-amidinophenoxyneopentane in a nude mouse model of human melanoma. (1992)

An aromatic poly-amidine (tetra-p-amidinophenoxyneopentane, TAPP-Br) exhibiting anti-proteinase activity and known to exert antitumor activity in vitro was analysed for its ability to inhibit the in vivo growth of a human melanoma cell line transplanted in nude mice. 5 X 10(6) melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously in groups of nude mice and treatment with TAPP-Br was performed (0.125-1 mg/0.2 ml injections, repeated three times at the beginning of the experiment and after 20 days). After 25 days tumors displaying a volume of 0.9-1.8 cm3 were detectable in control untreated mice. Mice treated with TAPP-Br on the other hand did not develop sizable tumors or consistently developed tumors of significantly smaller sizes. Despite these therapeutic effects, significant chronic toxicity of the compound was observed when administered at higher dosage (500-1000 micrograms). These side effects, which may hamper the therapeutic use of TAPP-Br, are likely to be circumvented by alternative routes of administration or by vehiculation into liposomes. These alternative strategies of treatment are currently investigated.
Role of Bradykinin B <sub>2</sub> Receptors in the Formation of Vasogenic Brain Edema in Rats (2001)

Bradykinin is a mediator of brain edema acting through B2 receptors. However, it is not known if bradykinin mediates the formation of cytotoxic or vasogenic brain swelling. To investigate this question we subjected rats to a cryogenic brain lesion over the left parietal cortex, a model well known to produce predominantly vasogenic brain edema. We inhibited bradykinin B2 receptors with the recently characterized nonpeptide B2 receptor antagonist, LF 16-0687. The animals were assigned to three groups (n = 10, each) receiving 10, or 100 microg/kg/min LF 16-0687 or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Treatment started 15 min before trauma and was continued for 24 h. Another three groups of animals (n = 10, each) received 10 microg/kg/min LF 16-0687 starting 30 or 60 min after trauma or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for 24 h. Animals were then sacrificed and swelling and water content of the brain were determined. In the vehicle treated group the traumatized hemisphere swelled by 9.3 +/- 1.1% as compared to the untraumatized contralateral side. Pretreatment with 10 microg/kg/min LF 16-0687 decreased brain swelling significantly to 6.4 +/- 1.3% (p < 0.05). Pre-treatment with 100 microg/kg/min was found to be less effective and did not result in a significant reduction of brain swelling (7.4 + 1.3%). Treatment with LF 16-0687 for 24 h (10 microg/kg/min) started 30 or 60 min after trauma did not reduce brain water content or hemispheric swelling. These results demonstrate that brain injury-mediated bradykinin production induces vasogenic brain edema by B2 receptor stimulation. Our findings further clarify the role of bradykinin in the pathophysiology of brain edema formation and confirm the therapeutic potency of bradykinin B2 receptor inhibition.
CB<sub>1</sub> cannabinoid receptor‐mediated modulation of food intake in mice (2005)

1 Marijuana's appetite-increasing effects have long been known. Recent research suggests that the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A may suppress appetite. This study represents a further, systematic investigation of the role of CB(1) cannabinoid receptors in the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids on food intake. 2 Mice were food-restricted for 24 h and then allowed access to their regular rodent chow for 1 h. Whereas the CB(1) antagonist SR141716A dose-dependently decreased food consumption at doses that did not affect motor activity, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) increased food consumption at doses that had no effect on motor activity. O-3259 and O-3257, structural analogs of SR141716A, produced effects similar to those of the parent compound. 3 Amphetamine (a known anorectic) and diazepam (a benzodiazepine and CNS depressant) decreased food consumption, but only at doses that also increased or decreased motor activity, respectively. The CB(2) cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR144528 and the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol did not affect food intake nor activity. 4 SR141716A decreased feeding in wild-type mice, but lacked pharmacological activity in CB(1) knockout mice; however, basal food intake was lower in CB(1) knockout mice. Amphetamine decreased feeding in both mouse genotypes. 5 These results suggest that SR141716A may affect the actions of endogenous cannabinoids in regulating appetite or that it may have effects of its own aside from antagonism of cannabinoid effects (e.g., decreased feeding behavior and locomotor stimulation). In either case, these results strongly suggest that CB(1) receptors may play a role in regulation of feeding behavior.
Higher hydrides of vanadium and niobium (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigher hydrides of vanadium and niobiumJames J. Reilly and Richard H. WiswallCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 7, 1678–1682Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50089a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50089a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1333Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Planning, Execution, and Evaluation of Acid Treatments in Sandstone Formations (1983)

ABSTRACT Pretreatment analysis, job planning, and well preparation lead to acidizing success in sandstones with permeabilities greater than 50 md. Formation mineral analysis improves success in sandstones with lower permeabilities. Injection pressure responses to acid injection provide data for onsite decisions.
A MEMS-based silicon micropump with intersecting channels and integrated hotwires (2009)

This paper presents the development of a gas-jet micropump with different cross-junctions and integrated hotwire. The device is actuated by a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm at its resonant frequency. The design focuses on a cross-junction formed by the intersection of the channels and neck of the pump chamber, which allows differences in fluidic resistance and fluidic momentum during each PZT diaphragm vibration cycle and thus enables rectification of the gas without valves. Three different designs were investigated by utilizing the ANSYS-FLUENT software. Simulations and experimental data revealed that the step nozzle structure with anti-choking space has much more advantages than the others. The device has been fabricated by the standard MEMS process, and the tiny hotwire has been realized together with the fluidic network. Experiments have been carried out. At a driven frequency of 7.9 kHz, a flow rate of 5.2 ml min−1 was obtained with an applied sinusoidal voltage of 50 Vp-p. The output voltage on the hotwire was measured to be 130 mV at a constant current of I = 0.1 mA.
Improved Load Plan Design Through Integer Programming Based Local Search (2012)

We present integer programming models of the service network design problem faced by less-than-truckload (LTL) freight transportation carriers and a solution approach for the large-scale instances that result in practical applications. To accurately represent freight consolidation opportunities, the models use a fine discretization of time. Furthermore, the models simultaneously route freight and empty trailers and thus explicitly recognize the efficiencies presented by backhaul lanes. The solution approach can generate the traditional service network designs commonly used by LTL carriers but also enables the construction of designs that allow more flexibility, e.g., that allow freight routes to vary by day of week. An iterative improvement scheme is employed that searches a large neighborhood, each iteration using an integer program. Computational experiments using data from a large U.S. carrier demonstrate that the proposed modeling and solution approach has the potential to generate significant cost savings.
Cellular localization of thrombomodulin in human epithelium and squamous malignancies. (1995)

Thrombomodulin is a cell surface glycoprotein that functions as an anticoagulant. Although initially identified on endothelial cells, thrombomodulin is also expressed by other vascular cells, by mesothelial cells, and by epidermal keratinocytes. To determine whether thrombomodulin is expressed by epithelial cells in locations other than skin, we conducted a survey of thrombomodulin protein and mRNA in human epithelium. Thrombomodulin protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in all samples containing stratified squamous epithelium, including oral mucosa, larynx, esophagus, uterine ectocervix, and vagina. In these tissues, thrombomodulin staining localized to the suprabasal layer, with minimal staining observed in the basal or superficial layers of epithelium. Thrombomodulin was not detected in cuboidal, simple columnar, or pseudostratified columnar epithelium and was detected variably in transitional epithelium. Thrombomodulin staining was also observed in 21 of 26 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma and in several examples of squamous carcinoma-in-situ and squamous metaplasia. Expression of thrombomodulin mRNA was confirmed by in situ hybridization in both normal and malignant squamous epithelium. Full-length, functionally active thrombomodulin was demonstrated in cultured squamous epithelial cells. These data demonstrate that thrombomodulin expression correlates with the squamous phenotype and suggest that hemostasis is regulated by compartmentalization of procoagulant and anti-coagulant epithelial proteins.
Extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll from microalgae with supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as cosolvent (2008)

The extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls using carbon dioxide modified with ethanol as a cosolvent is an alternative to solvent extraction because it provides a high-speed extraction process. In the study described here, carotenoid and chlorophyll extraction with supercritical CO(2 )+ ethanol was explored using freeze-dried powders of three microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana, Synechococcus sp. and Dunaliella salina) as the raw materials. The operation conditions were as follows: pressures of 200, 300, 400 and 500 bar, temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 degrees C. Analysis of the extracts was performed by measuring the absorbance and by using empirical correlations. The results demonstrate that it is necessary to work at a temperature of 50-60 degrees C and a pressure range of 300-500 bar, depending on the type of microalgae, in order to obtain the highest yield of pigments. The best carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios were obtained by using supercritical fluid extraction + cosolvent instead of using conventional extraction. The higher selectivity of the former process should facilitate the separation and purification of the two extracted pigments.
Encapsulation Technology to Protect Probiotic Bacteria (2012)

Probiotic bacteria are used in production of functional foods and pharmaceutical products. They play an important role in promoting and maintaining human health. In order, to produce health benefits probiotic strains should be present in a viable form at a suitable level during the product is shelf life until consumption and maintain high viability throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Many reports indicated that there is poor survival of probiotic bacteria in products containing free probiotic cells [1]. Providing probiotic living cells with a physical barrier to resist adverse environmental conditions is therefore an approach currently receiving considerable interest [2].
Study of surface and adhesive properties of polypropylene grafted by maleic anhydride (2007)

Abstract The surface and adhesive properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) grafted by maleic anhydride (MA) have been investigated. The attention has been paid to the analysis of the change in hydrophilicity as well as to the interfacial equilibrium and mechanical work of the adhesion of MA grafted iPP copolymer (iPP‐ g ‐MA) containing various level of the grafted MA. The surface energy of iPP‐ g ‐MA increases with MA level. The value of the interfacial energy in adhesive joint of iPP‐ g ‐MA with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) decreases. The interfacial work of adhesion of iPP‐ g ‐MA to PVAc significantly increases with the growing content of the MA in the iPP‐ g ‐MA, mainly in its polar component. The mechanical work of adhesion of iPP‐ g ‐MA to PVAc enhances as well. The shear strength of joint between iPP‐ g ‐MA and the aluminum increases significantly with the content of the grafted MA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1207–1212, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of elfamycins on elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (1989)

Six kirromycin analogs (elfamycins) were compared on the basis of their inhibition of Escherichia coli poly(U)-directed poly(Phe) synthesis and stimulation of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)-associated GTPase activity. The elfamycins tested were kirromycin, aurodox, efrotomycin, phenelfamycin A, unphenelfamycin, and L-681,217. The last three lack the pyridone ring present in the other elfamycins. All the elfamycins inhibited poly(U)-dependent poly(Phe) synthesis and stimulated EF-Tu-associated GTPase activity, suggesting that the pyridone ring is not essential for activity. The six elfamycins were also examined in a poly(U)-directed, poly(Phe)-synthesizing system derived from Staphylococcus aureus and had 50% inhibitory concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 mM. When S. aureus ribosomes and E. coli elongation factors were combined in a hybrid poly(Phe)-synthesizing system, aurodox produced essentially complete inhibition of poly(Phe) synthesis with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.13 microM. This suggests that the observed high MICs of kirromycin and its congeners in S. aureus reflect a kirromycin-resistant EF-Tu rather than permeability constraints.
THE MAGNIFICATION EFFECT WITH THREE FACTORS (1993)

Price changes create a range of factor price adjustments in the three factor, two good general equilibrium model of production. Comparative static adjustments in the model have been described by magnification effects and sign patterns. This note supplements the diagrammatic technique of Jones and East on (1983, Journal of International Economics) and derives eleven magnification effects implied by the sign patterns of Thompson (1985, Canadian Journal of Economics) . At the bottom line, only one type of magnification effect can be ruled out. Stated in terms of the extreme or most intensive factors, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem cannot be reversed. 1. THE MAGNIFICATION EFFECT WITH THREE FACTORS There is ample motivation for wanting to develop general understanding of the structure of production when there are three factors of production . The three factor model with capital, labor, and land is the basis of the classical model of trade. Including the third factor also allows the input of energy or skilled labor . The third factor, however, complicates analysis. The important concept of factor intensity has to be reinterpreted. The possibility of technical complementarity arises. Also, factor substitution plays a more critical role in comparative statics than when there are only two primary productive factors. Jones and East on (1993) utilize a diagrammatic approach to derive magnification effects between percentage changes in prices of goods and factor prices in the three factor, two good (3 x 2) general equilibrium model of production . Thompson (1985) derives the comparative static sign patterns of the same model . This note derives all possible magnification effects implied by the comparative static sign patterns. The third factor creates a middle term in the factor intensity ranking across industries. Ruffin (1981) shows that the most intensive or extreme factors in the ranking are migration enemies in that an increase in one factor's endowment lowers the ether's price. Additionally, the middle factor is a friend of both extreme factors. Batra and Casas (1976) argue that the price of an extreme factor is positively related with the price of its good, and negatively related with the price * Thanks are due to Ron Jones, Stephen East on, and Akira Takayama for suggestions on several critical points as this paper developed. An anonymous referee of this journal made important suggestions.