gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Jini Specifications (2000)

From the Publisher:
Built on top of the Java software infrastructure, Jini technology enables all types of services and devices to work together in a communityorganized without extensive planning, installation, or human intervention. Jini technology allows the lines to blur between what is hardware and what is software by representing all hardware and software as Jini technology-enabled accessible either directly or through surrogates written in the Java programming language. In a distributed system of Jini technology-enabled services, these programs interact spontaneously, enabling services to join or leave the network with ease, which allows clients to view and access available services with confidence. A system of Jini technology-enabled services can link office components such as printers, faxes, and desktop computers. Beyond these traditional networks, the technology is also ideal for building the home-based networks that are now emerging: entertainment systems, cars, smart houses, and personal computers. 

This book contains the formal specification for the core Jini technology, as well as specifications for local helper utilities and remote helper services. It offers a review of distributed computing fundamentals, an overview of the Jini architecture, and an introduction to the key concepts that are the source of the technology's simplicity and powerremote objects, leasing, distributed events, and a two-phase commit protocol. The formal specifications provide the definitive description of every element of the Jini architecture, including detailed information on such topics as: 

Jini discovery and join protocols Jini entryusage Jini distributed leasing concepts Jini distributed event programming model Jini transaction model and semantics Jini lookup service and lookup attribute schema Jini discovery, event, leasing, and join utilities Jini lookup discovery, lease renewal, and event mailbox helper services Jini device architecture
Clinical course and survival after liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus infection complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. (1995)

The poor outcome of patients transplanted for HBsAg-positive cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is due to HBV reinfection of the graft, rather than tumor recurrence. Antiviral agents in association with hepatitis B immunoglobulin would be the most promising approach to improving survival in this patient population.
RAPID: Memory-Aware NoC for Latency Optimized GPGPU Architectures (2018)

The growing parallelism in most of today's applications has led to an increased demand for parallel computing in processors. General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) have been used extensively to support highly parallel applications in recent years. Such GPGPUs generate huge volumes of network traffic between memory controllers (MCs) and shader cores. As a result, the network-on-chip (NoC) fabric can become a performance bottleneck, especially for memory intensive applications running on GPGPUs. Traditional mesh-based NoC topologies are not suitable for GPGPUs as they possess high network latency that leads to congestion at MCs and an increase in application execution time. In this article, we propose a novel memory-aware NoC that has two (request and reply) planes tailored to exploit the traffic characteristics in GPGPUs. The request layer consists of low power, and low latency routers that are optimized for the many-to-few traffic pattern. In the reply layer, flits are sent on fast overlay circuits to reach their destinations in just three cycles (at 1 GHz). In addition, as traditional memory controllers are not aware of the application memory intensity that leads to higher waiting time for applications on the shader cores, we propose an enhanced memory controller that prioritizes burst packets to improve application performance on GPGPUs. Experimental results indicate that our framework yields an improvement of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{4}}-{\mathrm{10}}\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> in NoC latency, up to 63 percent in execution time, and up to 4× in total energy consumption compared to the state-of-the-art.
Drosophila damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1 (D-DDB1) is controlled by the DRE/DREF system (2002)

We succeeded in cloning the gene, termed d-ddb1, for a Drosophila homolog of the p127 subunit of the human damage-specific DNA-binding protein, thought to recognize (6-4) photoproducts and related structures. In Drosophila, the gene product (D-DDB1) also appeared to play a role as a repair factor, d-ddb1 knockout Kc cells generated with a RNAi method being sensitive to UV. In addition, UV or methyl methanesulfonate treatment increased d-ddb1 transcripts. However, we found that the gene is controlled by the DRE/DREF system, which is generally responsible for activating the promoters of proliferation-related genes. Moreover, during Drosophila development, the transcription of d-ddb1 changed greatly, with the highest levels in unfertilized eggs, indicating that external injury to DNA is not essential to D-DDB1 function. Interestingly, as with UV irradiation-induced transfer of D-DDB1 to the nucleus from the cytoplasm, during spermatogenesis the protein transiently shifted from one cell compartment to the other. The results indicate that D-DDB1 not only contributes to the DNA repair system, but also has a role in cell proliferation and development.
Suppression of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the SJL/J mouse by oral administration of type I interferons (1994)

We induced a chronic relapsing form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in 7- to 10-week-old female SJL/J mice using a subcutaneous injection of an emulsion containing syngeneic mouse spinal cord homogenate in phosphate-buffered saline and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Following the animals' recovery from the first attack periods, we fed them varying doses of type I interferon (IFN) or mock IFN three times per week for 6 weeks. This treatment decreased proliferation to guinea pig myelin basic protein and MT compared with control in draining lymph node and diminished inflammation in the CNS. Oral IFN altered the cytokine profile of concanavalin A-activated spleen cells by decreasing IFN-gamma secretion. These results suggest that type I IFNs are active by the oral route, have significant clinical and immunomodulatory effects, and can decrease an established and ongoing immune response to sensitized antigens. The oral administration of biologic-response modifiers, such as type I IFNs, provides a potentially nontoxic, convenient, continuous means of delivering immunoactive substances via the gut regional immune system that can alter cytokine production and suppress clinical relapses.
New Germanium Complexes Containing Ligands Based on 4,6‐Di‐<i>tert</i>‐butyl‐<i>N</i>‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐<i>o</i>‐iminobenzoquinone in Different Redox States (2008)

Abstract The exchange reaction of lithium o ‐amidophenolate, (AP)Li 2 , derived from the reaction of 4,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐ N ‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐ o ‐iminobenzoquinone (imQ) with GeCl 4 in hexane or thf leads to (AP) 2 Ge ( 1 ) (AP is a dianion of imQ). The latter was also obtained by the interaction of GeCl 2 · dioxane and (ISQ)Li in toluene (ISQ is a radical anion of imQ). The reaction of (AP)Li 2 with GeCl 2 · dioxane in thf results in the formation of germylene 2 , [(AP)Ge ( 2 )], which reduces neutral imQ to give compound 1 . The exposure of 1 in thf to anhydrous HCl in a 1:1 molar ratio leads to its o ‐aminophenolato derivative, (AP)(APH)GeCl ( 3 ). Free imQ inserts into the Ge–H bond of (C 6 F 5 ) 3 GeH in thf to give (C 6 F 5 ) 3 Ge(APH) ( 4 ). It is another way of obtaining complexes with protonated ligands such as APH. Compound 3 can be easily oxidized by air to form the stable paramagnetic complex (AP)(ISQ)GeCl ( 5 ). Complexes 1 and 3 – 5 were structurally investigated by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Kinetic Analysis of [<sup>11</sup>C]MP4A Using a High-Radioactivity Brain Region That Represents an Integrated Input Function for Measurement of Cerebral Acetylcholinesterase Activity without Arterial Blood Sampling (2001)

N -[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate ([(11)C]MP4A) is an acetylcholine analog. It has been used successfully for the quantitative measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET). [(11)C]MP4A is specifically hydrolyzed by AChE in the brain to a hydrophilic metabolite, which is irreversibly trapped locally in the brain. The authors propose a new method of kinetic analysis of brain AChE activity by PET without arterial blood sampling, that is, reference tissue-based linear least squares (RLS) analysis. In this method, cerebellum or striatum is used as a reference tissue. These regions, because of their high AChE activity, act as a biologic integrator of plasma input function during PET scanning, when regional metabolic rates of [(11)C]MP4A through AChE (k(3); an AChE index) are calculated by using Blomqvist's linear least squares analysis. Computer simulation studies showed that RLS analysis yielded k(3) with almost the same accuracy as the standard nonlinear least squares (NLS) analysis in brain regions with low (such as neocortex and hippocampus) and moderately high (thalamus) k(3) values. The authors then applied these methods to [(11) C]MP4A PET data in 12 healthy subjects and 26 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using the cerebellum as the reference region. There was a highly significant linear correlation in regional k(3) estimates between RLS and NLS analyses (456 cerebral regions, [RLS k(3) ] = 0.98 x [NLS k(3) ], r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in k(3) estimates of frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and sensorimotor cerebral neocortices (P < 0.001, single-tailed t-test), and hippocampus (P = 0.012) in patients with AD as compared with controls when using RLS analysis. Mean reductions (19.6%) in these 6 regions by RLS were almost the same as those by NLS analysis (20.5%). The sensitivity of RLS analysis for detecting cortical regions with abnormally low k 3 in the 26 patients with AD (138 of 312 regions, 44%) was somewhat less than NLS analysis (52%), but was greater than shape analysis (33%), another method of [(11)C]MP4A kinetic analysis without blood sampling. The authors conclude that RLS analysis is practical and useful for routine analysis of clinical [(11)C]MP4A studies.
RIP1-Dependent and Independent Effects of Necrostatin-1 in Necrosis and T Cell Activation (2011)

Our results reveal that besides RIP1, Nec-1 also targets other factors crucial for necrosis induction in L929 cells. In addition, high doses of Nec-1 inhibit other signal transduction pathways such as that for T cell receptor activation. These results highlight the importance to independently validate results obtained using Nec-1 with other approaches such as siRNA-mediated gene silencing. We propose that some of the previous published results obtained using Nec-1 should be re-evaluated in light of our findings.
Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers (2008)

We could not find convincing evidence that antioxidant supplements prevent gastrointestinal cancers. On the contrary, antioxidant supplements seem to increase overall mortality. The potential cancer preventive effect of selenium should be tested in adequately conducted randomised trials.
Polymorphism and High Pressure (1964)

Polymorphs are crystalline substances composed of the same element but with different atomic configurations and thus very different physical properties. Dr. H. Tracy Hall, the first scientist to successfully produce diamonds from graphite, explains how pressure and heat can be applied, either individually or combined, to a substance to produce a new polymorphous substance. This process has resulted in the commercial diamond business and may in the future yield other profitable and beneficial industries and products.
Microstrip Gas Chamber for X-Rays and Neutrons (1996)

The prototype of a microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) has been constructed and tested as an X-ray detector. The calculation of the electric field around microstrips suggests that the process of gas amplification, which is realized with a smaller potential difference than that of a multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC), is unique. The result, however, shows that the MSGC operates like a conventional MWPC and has energy resolution better than 30% in terms of full width at half-maximum at 5.9 keV. In addition, this gas chamber can be used as a neutron detector by filling it with 3 He and CF 4 gases.
Ethylene Copolymers (2003)

Abstract Copolymerization of ethylene (E) and styrene (S) has been enabled by developments in metallocene catalysts. An overview of copolymerization chemistry shows that catalyst structure and polymerization conditions have major influences on the production efficiency, product composition, and copolymer microstructure. Copolymers produced have included those with alternating (ES) n sequences; when these sequences are stereoregular, they can crystallize. Ethylene and styrene have been copolymerized with additional monomers, including dienes and α‐olefins. Ethylene–styrene copolymers have been primarily produced via solution polymerization techniques. To date, the copolymers of major interest are essentially atactic, and contain up to about 50 mol% styrene. These copolymers range from highly crystalline to essentially amorphous, dependent upon comonomer composition ratio. The structure–property relationships presented include thermal properties, viscoelastic behavior, mechanical properties, and rheology/processability. Materials engineering is important regarding the utility of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐styrene). The copolymers are compatible with bitumens, plasticizers, and tackifiers. Blend systems with copolymers as components and copolymer/filler composites are discussed. Potential markets/applications for poly(ethylene‐ co ‐styrene) have been identified from literature sources, and include foams.
The Separation of Solids and Liquids With Hydrocyclone-Based Technology for Water Treatment and Crude Processing (1994)

ABSTRACT Hydrocyclones have been used in a variety of process industries for over 100 years. They are a simple and effective device, but still widely misunderstood in the oil and gas industry. Hydrocyclones ideally lend themselves to numerous separation applications, overcoming conventional technical and economic operating constraints. The objective of this paper is to "demystify" the basic operation of hydrocyclones and identify separation situations where hydrocyclones can offer significant advantages. These include a significant reduction in equipment size and weight which equates to significant costs savings on new projects, especially offshore. Hydrocyclones also provide the opportunity for additional processing capacity on existing facilities where little or no expansion space is available. Furthermore, hydrocyclones offer enhanced separation efficiencies when compared to conventional equipment. When coupled with complementary conventional process equipment the resultant hydrocyclone based water treatment system is smaller than an equivalent conventional system. This results in an increase in process efficiency per volume utilized.
Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease: cholinesterase inhibitors. (2003)

The current recommended standard of care for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease is cholinesterase inhibitors. In short- and long-term studies, the 3 cholinesterase inhibitors most commonly used, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, have demonstrated efficacy in improving not only cognition but also function and behavior in patients suffering from mild to severe cases of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. However, the benefits of cholinesterase inhibitors in treating the broad spectrum of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease are not sustained indefinitely, and the illness continues to progress even while patients are receiving treatment. Additionally, while temporary stabilization may occur, there is typically only a modest improvement from baseline, and side effects from treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors can be too severe for some patients to tolerate. Therefore, additional therapies for Alzheimer's disease still need to be developed that include more tolerable agents with alternative mechanisms of action and broader efficacy.
Xerographic Toners for Textile Printing (2000)

Fabric printing is a bottleneck in the textile-apparel supply pipeline. It is commonly believed that digital printing systems will replace the current methods of printing textiles. Xerography is one of the digital printing technologies being investigated for textile printing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The research reported in this paper has focused on developing polymerbased xerographic toners giving required printed fabric properties. The suitability of toners produced through mechanical grinding processes for xerographic textile printing is discussed. Three classes of polymeric binders (amorphous polyester, three thermosets, and five polyamides) were studied. The potential of these binders was evaluated using crockfastness (rub fastness) and fabric flexural rigidity tests. Materials that could be ground to the required particle size were too rigid. Thus the printed fabrics had high flexural rigidities and, in many cases, unacceptable wet crockfastness ratings. The potential of a more flexible resin, which could not be ground to the required particle size, was assessed by applying toners via a solvent medium. The flexible resin gave the required textile properties.
Transgenic animals: a new era in developmental biology and medicine. (1991)

In the relatively short period since its development, the technique for the production of transgenic animals by pronuclear microinjection, as established by Gordon et al. (1980), has resulted in studies that have clearly had a profound effect on our basic understanding of mammalian development and genetics, and upon our outlook for genetic engineering. The question now is: What remains to be done? Clearly, a greater understanding of the mechanism of integration could lead to more efficient transfer of genes and lessen the problem of rearrangement of host DNA. A better characterization of enhancers and their mode(s) of action would allow design of molecules with highly specific patterns of gene expression, as well as novel distributions of expression. When these goals are met, it may well become scientifically feasible to transfer genes into the human germline. Whether such an undertaking is advisable or even desirable is an issue requiring open discussion, but it is an issue that is clearly distinct from the question of technical feasibility. The most rational approach to this profound question lies in the continued pursuit of knowledge relating to transgenic technology, rather than self-imposed ignorance. Even if never used as a medical therapy, transfer of genes into the germline will reveal what is certainly one of nature's greatest secrets: the nature of the interaction of genes in the development of a multicellular eukaryotic organism. Through the contributions to this volume and in the years ahead, we will find ourselves in a position to unravel the details of the awesome and fascinating phenomenon that is mammalian development.
Qubitization of Arbitrary Basis Quantum Chemistry by Low Rank Factorization (2019)

Recent work has dramatically reduced the gate complexity required to quantum simulate chemistry by using linear combinations of unitaries based methods to exploit structure in the plane wave basis Coulomb operator. Here, we show that one can achieve similar scaling even for arbitrary basis sets (which can be hundreds of times more compact than plane waves) by using qubitized quantum walks in a fashion that takes advantage of structure in the Coulomb operator, either by directly exploiting sparseness, or via a low rank tensor factorization. We provide circuits for several variants of our algorithm (which all improve over the scaling of prior methods) including one with $\widetilde{\cal O}(N^{3/2} \lambda)$ T complexity, where $N$ is number of orbitals and $\lambda$ is the 1-norm of the chemistry Hamiltonian. We deploy our algorithms to simulate the FeMoco molecule (relevant to Nitrogen fixation) and obtain circuits requiring about seven hundred times less surface code spacetime volume than prior quantum algorithms for this system, despite us using a larger and more accurate active space.
FIP200 controls the TBK1 activation threshold at SQSTM1/p62-positive condensates (2021)

The protein kinase TBK1 is a central regulator of innate immune responses and autophagy, and ablation of either function has been linked to neuroinflammatory or degenerative diseases. Autophagy is an intracellular process that recycles old or damaged proteins and organelles. In recent years, the TBK1-dependent regulation of autophagy pathways has been characterized. However, the autophagy-dependent regulation of TBK1 activity awaits further clarification. Here, we observed that TBK1 is recruited to SQSTM1/p62-containing aggregates via the selective autophagy receptor TAX1BP1. In these aggregates, TBK1 phosphorylates SQSTM1/p62 at serine 403 and thus presumably regulates the efficient engulfment and clearance of these structures. We found that TBK1 activation is strongly increased if FIP200, a component of the autophagy-inducing ULK1 complex, is not present or cannot bind to TAX1BP1. Given our collective findings, we hypothesize that FIP200 ensures the inducible activation of TBK1 at SQSTM1/p62 condensates.
Axonal Sodium-Channel Bands Shape the Response to Electric Stimulation in Retinal Ganglion Cells (2009)

Electric stimulation of the retina reliably elicits light percepts in patients blinded by outer retinal diseases. However, individual percepts are highly variable and do not readily assemble into more complex visual images. As a result, the quality of visual information conveyed to patients has been quite limited. To develop more effective stimulation methods that will lead to improved psychophysical outcomes, we are studying how retinal neurons respond to electric stimulation. The situation in the retina is analogous to other neural prosthetic applications in which a better understanding of the underlying neural response may lead to improved clinical outcomes. Here, we determined which element in retinal ganglion cells has the lowest threshold for initiating action potentials. Previous studies suggest multiple possibilities, although all were within the soma/proximal axon region. To determine the actual site, we measured thresholds in a dense two-dimensional grid around the soma/proximal axon region of rabbit ganglion cells in the flat mount preparation. In directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells, the lowest thresholds were found along a small section of the axon, about 40 microm from the soma. Immunochemical staining revealed a dense band of voltage-gated sodium channels centered at the same location, suggesting that thresholds are lowest when the stimulating electrode is closest to the sodium-channel band. The size and location of the low-threshold region was consistent within DS cells, but varied for other ganglion cell types. Analogously, the length and location of sodium channel bands also varied by cell type. Consistent with the differences in band properties, we found that the absolute (lowest) thresholds were also different for different cell types. Taken together, our results suggest that the sodium-channel band is the site that is most responsive to electric stimulation and that differences in the bands underlie the threshold differences we observed.