gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized control of magnetization in LPE bubble garnet films (1973)

A new method of obtaining fine scale localized control of the magnetization, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM</tex> , for defining bubble tracks in LPE garnet films is described. It involves the deposition of a thin film of silicon on the garnet surface and then annealing in oxygen, or inert gas, at moderate elevated temperatures. Under the silicon, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM</tex> decreases by large amounts upon annealing. These reductions in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM</tex> , together with photolithographic techniques, can be used to define tracks for bubble propagation. Bubble propagation bit rates up to 1 MHz have been obtained in tracks <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim6 \mu</tex> m wide. A mechanism to explain the effect is proposed involving a lowering of the relaxation time for transfer of gallium ions from octahedral to tetrahedral sites due to the presence of local oxygen defects, or Fe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> , produced in the garnet film by removal of oxygen at the heated garnet-silicon interface. In areas not covered by silicon, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4\piM</tex> remains unchanged.
FIB repair of 5x reticles and effects on IC quality (1993)

Focused ion beam repair of opaque defects on 5X reticles cause a post repair stain due mainly to gallium ion implantation in the surface of the quartz substrate. The effects of these stains have been investigated through printability tests using a g-line optical lithography process. In some cases the effect of the post repair stain is worse than that of the original defect, highlighting the need for effective antistain processes for use in conjunction with FIB repair.
Techniques for determination of impact forces during walking and running in a zero-G environment (1992)

One of the deleterious adaptations to the microgravity conditions of space flight is the loss of bone mineral content. This loss appears to be at least partially attributable to the minimal skeletal axial loading concomitant with microgravity. The purpose of this study was to develop and fabricate the instruments and hardware necessary to quantify the vertical impact forces (Fz) imparted to users of the space shuttle passive treadmill during human locomotion in a three-dimensional zero-gravity environment. The shuttle treadmill was instrumented using a Kistler forceplate to measure vertical impact forces. To verify that the instruments and hardware were functional, they were tested both in the one-G environment and aboard the KC-135 reduced gravity aircraft. The magnitude of the impact loads generated in one-G on the shuttle treadmill for walking at 0.9 m/sec and running at 1.6 and 2.2 m/sec were 1.1, 1.7, and 1.7 G, respectively, compared with loads of 0.95, 1.2, and 1.5 G in the zero-G environment.
T cell homeostasis in tolerance and immunity (2005)

The size of the peripheral T cell pool is remarkably stable throughout life, reflecting precise regulation of cellular survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. Homeostatic proliferation refers to the process by which T cells spontaneously proliferate in a lymphopenic host. The critical signals driving this expansion are "space," contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide complexes, and cytokine stimulation. A number of studies have delineated an association between T cell lymphopenia, compensatory homeostatic expansion, and the development of diverse autoimmune syndromes. In the nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes, lymphopenia-induced homeostatic expansion fuels the generation of islet-specific T cells. Excess interleukin-21 facilitates T cell cycling but limited survival, resulting in recurrent stimulation of T cells specific for self-peptide/MHC complexes. Indeed, data from several experimental models of autoimmunity indicate that a full T cell compartment restrains homeostatic expansion of self-reactive cells that could otherwise dominate the repertoire. This review describes the mechanisms that govern T cell homeostatic expansion and outlines the evidence that lymphopenia presents a risk for development of autoimmune disease.
Oxa‐azaspiro Derivatives: a Novel Class of Triple Re‐uptake Inhibitors (2010)

Oxa-aza spiro compounds: In silico techniques were successfully employed to predict the rank order of derivatives based on their binding affinities to the monoamine transporters, SERT, NET and DAT. The proposed scaffolds derived from the pharmacophore model were experimentally evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A new class of selective “triple” re-uptake inhibitors was discovered, that may be developed further to give novel antidepressant agents.
지방간 유도 세포모델에서 황금(黃芩), 목향(木香), 시호(柴胡) 복합 추출물의 이상지질혈증에 대한 효과 (2020)

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Scutellariae Radix, Aucklandiae Radix and Bupleuri Radix(SAB).
Methods : FL83B cells were mouse liver hepatocytes, and we used this cell line. FL83B cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid(OA) for 24 h, SAB extract was treated. After OA treatment, intracellular triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid contents were measured with AdiopoRed™ assay and Free Fatty Acid Quantitation assay kit, respectively. Further, we evaluated several lipogenesis and metabolic markers such as sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and cluster of differentiation (CD36) using RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis.
Results : OA markedly increased intracellular TG and free fatty acid, which plays a key role in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, in FL83B cells. These increases were alleviated by SAB extract. The mRNA and protein expression of Fatty acid(FA) oxidation factors (CPT-1, PPARα), lipolysis factor(HSL), FA transporter(CD36), cholesterol synthesis factors (HMGCoA) and Lipodenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC-1) were significantly increased by treatment of SAB extract in the OA-induced fatty liver cell model.
Conclusions : In summary, the treat of SAB extract showed a significant reduction of the influx of fatty acids into hepatocytes, promoted the oxidation of fatty acids, and regulated fat synthesis-related factors, thereby regulating the accumulation of TG and free fatty acids. 1
Light‐induced Damage to the Retina: Role of Rhodopsin Chromophore Revisited (2005)

The presence of the regenerable visual pigment rhodopsin has been shown to be primarily responsible for the acute photodamage to the retina. The photoexcitation of rhodopsin leads to isomerization of its chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal (ATR). ATR is a potent photosensitizer and its role in mediating photodamage has been suspected for over two decades. However, there was lack of experimental evidence that free ATR exists in the retina in sufficient concentrations to impose a risk of photosensitized damage. Identification in the retina of a retinal dimer and a pyridinium bisretinoid, so called A2E, and determination of its biosynthetic pathway indicate that substantial amounts of ATR do accumulate in the retina. Both light damage and A2E accumulation are facilitated under conditions where efficient retinoid cycle operates. Efficient retinoid cycle leads to rapid regeneration of rhodopsin, which may result in ATR release from the opsin "exit site" before its enzymatic reduction to all-trans-retinol. Here we discuss photodamage to the retina where ATR could play a role as the main toxic and/or phototoxic agent. Moreover, we discuss secondary products of (photo)toxic properties accumulating within retinal lipofuscin as a result of ATR accumulation.
Identification of telomere-associated molecules by engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) (2013)

Biochemical analysis of molecular interactions in specific genomic regions requires their isolation while retaining molecular interactions in vivo. Here, we report isolation of telomeres by engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) using a transcription activator-like (TAL) protein recognizing telomere repeats. Telomeres recognized by the tagged TAL protein were immunoprecipitated with an antibody against the tag and subjected to identification of telomere-binding molecules. enChIP-mass spectrometry (enChIP-MS) targeting telomeres identified known and novel telomere-binding proteins. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000461. In addition, we showed that RNA associated with telomeres could be isolated by enChIP. Identified telomere-binding molecules may play important roles in telomere biology. enChIP using TAL proteins would be a useful tool for biochemical analysis of specific genomic regions of interest.
Two-level systems in a spin-glass model. I. General formalism and two-dimensional model (1977)

A spin-glass model with two-dimensional, isotropic spins (XY model) is studied. The model exhibits two-level systems (TLS) which are related to the sense of rotation of the spin direction. The two-dimensional version of the model is equivalent at low temperature to an Ising model with Coulomb interactions (which are logarithmic in two dimensions). However, this long-range effective interaction between TLS may be a special feature of two-dimensional spins. The model depends on a continuous parameter x and can reproduce, in particular, the 'Edwards-Anderson model', the 'Mattis model', and the 'odd model'.
The power of light in polymer science: photochemical processes to manipulate polymer formation, structure, and properties (2013)

As the demand for polymeric materials transitions towards the need for customizable, high value, specialty polymeric materials, the ability to use light to initiate various physicochemical changes in polymers represents one of the most powerful and rapidly evolving approaches. Whether for polymer formation, polymer modification, shape change, or inducing smart material responses, light has the unique capacity for enabling 4D manipulation of each of those processes. Given the simple, 3D ability to focus light on a targeted voxel and the even simpler ability to turn a light on and off to facilitate temporal control, light has been used widely in various polymer modifications. Further, in addition to the ability to enhance the control of various reactive processes, due to the much greater energy available in a photon as compared to the thermal energy available, light enables chemical processes to occur at ambient conditions that are otherwise inaccessible without heating. In particular, within the polymer chemistry field, light has been used to cause bond formation, bond degradation, and isomerization, with subsequent reactions including polymerization, polymer degradation, polymer functionalization, and responsive changes in properties of smart materials. Here, this article attempts to provide a fundamental basis for the various photochemical processes implemented in polymer systems, followed by selected examples of that implementation in various polymerization, functionalization, degradation, and other reactions.
Cholesterylbutyrate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Butyric Acid Prodrug (2008)

Cholesterylbutyrate (Chol-but) was chosen as a prodrug of butyric acid. Butyrate is not often used in vivo because its half-life is very short and therefore too large amounts of the drug would be necessary for its efficacy. In the last few years butyric acid's anti-inflammatory properties and its inhibitory activity towards histone deacetylases have been widely studied, mainly in vitro. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), whose lipid matrix is Chol-but, were prepared to evaluate the delivery system of Chol-but as a prodrug and to test its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Chol-but SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion method; their average diameter is on the order of 100-150 nm and their shape is spherical. The antineoplastic effects of Chol-but SLNs were assessed in vitro on different cancer cell lines and in vivo on a rat intracerebral glioma model. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells to vascular endothelial cells. In the review we will present data on Chol-but SLNs in vitro and in vivo experiments, discussing the possible utilisation of nanoparticles for the delivery of prodrugs for neoplastic and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects buried in layered media (2004)

In this work, we focus on the 3D image reconstruction of buried objects in layered media with sources and receivers located in the top layer. The inversion of scattering data collected by such a partial aperture is in principle more difficult than in the case of a full aperture because the non-uniqueness become more severe. Both the Born iterative method (BIM), and the distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) are used as the inversion methods. In this work, the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (BCGS-FFT) method is applied for calculating 3D electromagnetic scattering in general planarly layered media.
Advances in novel anti-OX40 cancer immunotherapy (2017)

OX40 (CD134) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptors and mainly expressed on the surface of active lymphocytes. Being an important pair of co-stimulatory factors in the process of immune response, OX40 and its ligand OX40L play an important role in inducing anti-tumor immune response. They regulate the immunosuppressive effect in tumor microenvironment and enhance the killing activities of effector cells. Pre-clinical animal studies have shown that agonists for OX40, whether they are used alone or in combination with other treatments, have stronger anti-tumor effects. Several anti-OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibodies (McAb) are currently tested in early phase cancer clinical trials. This review focuses on the advances in anti-OX40 mAbs-based therapy in terms of molecular and biological properties, mechanism of action, monotherapy and combined therapy.


Key words: 
OX40; Immune checkpoint; Tumor; Immunotherapy
Effect of cold-restraint stress and zinc acexamate on gastric mucus production in intact glands. (1987)

Gastric mucus content was morphometrically evaluated in gastric glands of normal and cold-restraint stressed rats. Variations induced by treatment with zinc acexamate (200 mg/kg p.o.) were also investigated. Stress decreased the glycoprotein content in glands located in areas of injury. However, in intact glands from the same animals, the glycoprotein content was increased and the proportion of sulphated macromolecules greatly augmented. Zinc acexamate reduced the severity of damage in stressed rats. Although it augmented mucus content it prevented the modification in sulphated macromolecules in these rats. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of gastric mucus in preventing gastric damage.
Luminescence of Cr<sup>2+</sup> Centres and Related Optical Interactions Involving Crystal Field Levels of Chromium Ions in Zinc Sulfide (1974)

In the i.r. emission of ZnS:Cr crystals, a zero-phonon doublet at 5211 and 5216 cm -1 and a number of vibronie bands are resolved at T ≈ 4 K. The T d symmetry of the crystal field at the Cr 2+ ion on a Zn lattice site is reduced to D 2d by a static Jahn-Teller effect. Differences in the vibronie structures of absorption and emission indicate prevalence of quasi-local vibrations in the spectra. An exponential decay of the i.r. luminescence in the μs range yields an oscillator strength f = 6×10 -4 (T = 4K) in accordance with selection rule reasoning for the radiative transition 5 A 1 ( 5 E)→ 5 B 2 ( 5 T 2 ). By interrelating a fit of transmission spectra with excitation spectra of luminescence and photoconduction, the distance of the Cr 2+ centres from the conduction band edge is evaluated at 20700 cm -1 (T = 300 K). An irradiation of the crystals with photons of energies above this optical ionization threshold causes a sensitization for the Cr 2+ i.r. luminescence. Thus, apart from effects related to traps, a novel excitation band at 10500 cm -1 arises which is interpreted by the 6 A 1 ( 6 S)→ 4 T 1 ( 4 G) transition of Cr + centres. This transition terminates in a level degenerate with conduction band states so that free carriers will be released which, in turn, induce the Cr 2+ emission. Furthermore, at some of the crystals, the i.r. emission between 2500 and 3000 cm -1 of Fe 2+ centres is recorded with the best resolution obtained so far.
Development of a Ceramic Heart Valve (1989)

A durable and thromboresistant ceramic heart valve comprised of a single crystal alumina disk and titanium nitride (TiN) valve ring has been developed. Blood compatibility was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of the valves implanted in sheep for 35 (#1), 26 (#2), 20 (#3), 23 (#4), and 26 (#5) days. The single crystal alumina and TiN surfaces were free of platelet aggregation or fibrin networks, except for some depositions of fibrin and platelets on the outflow TiN ring in #3, and isolated red cells on the outflow TiN ring in #5. Durability testing under high pressure (1750 mmHg = 233 KPa) pulsatile conditions showed that the safety factor of the ceramic valve was more than seven times greater than anticipated. The ceramic valve is promising as an artificial heart valve.
A simple electronic analog of the postsynaptic membrane: The NEUROBIOFET (2012)

A simple electronic circuit is proposed as an analog of the postsynaptic membrane of neuron. In this circuit, the variable conductance of postsynaptic membrane of neuron dependence on the acetylcholine-receptor binding activity is represented by enzyme field effect transistor (ENFET) sensitive to acetylcholine. ENFET functions not only as a voltage controlled conductance but can also provide a means of measurement of specific neurotransmitters that bind with the receptor sites of postsynaptic membrane. The simulated sodium conductance is reproduced satisfactorily and the simulated excitatory post synaptic potential is very similar to the experimentally recorded one. Since this analog contains only a few electronic elements, it is small and inexpensive to build. The simplicity may make it an ideal unit to build complex neuron networks.
Highly luminescent nanoscale quasi-2D layered lead bromide perovskites with tunable emissions (2016)

Herein, we report a new color tuning approach for highly luminescent nanoscale lead(ii) bromide perovskites with a quasi-2D layered structure. By synthetically manipulating the quasi-2D layered structure, different quantum size confinement effects can be realized to enable a precise color tuning of emissions ranging from deep blue to bright green.
Conducting Materials Based on Epoxy/Graphene Nanoplatelet Composites With Microwave Absorbing Properties: Effect of the Processing Conditions and Ionic Liquid (2019)

Conducting composite materials based on epoxy matrix loaded with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared by different procedures using ultrasonication. The dispersions of GNP in a mixture of epoxy/methyl-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride without solvent, resulted in composites with better conductivity, higher storage modulus and higher glass transition temperature than those prepared with solvent assisted procedure, indicating better filler dispersion. The non covalent functionalization of GNP with the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl) imide (bmim.TFSI) contributed for an increase of the modulus for the systems containing low amount of filler. The electrical conductivity was not influenced by the presence of ionic liquid. Nevertheless, the micro-wave absorption effectiveness in the frequency range of 8-12 GHz (X-band frequency) was improved by the presence of IL mainly for the composites containing 0.9 and 1.5 vol.% of filler. All systems were characterized by low viscosity, comparable to that of neat epoxy resin, thus making easier their application on the development of coatings, conducting adhesives, etc.
Macromolecular synthesis following a single application of polycyclic hydrocarbons used as initiators of mouse skin tumorigenesis. (1974)

Summary After the application of initiating doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the incorporation of thymidine- 3 H, cytidine- 3 H, and leucine- 3 H into DNA, RNA, and protein, respectively, in mouse skin epidermis was determined. Parallel histological changes were correlated. A single initiating dose (0.05 or 0.10 µmole) of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene depressed DNA synthesis for 24 hr without a subsequent increase; there was no detectable epidermal hyperplasia, nor was RNA or protein synthesis altered. In contrast, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene applied in sufficient quantity to result in tumor formation after a single dose (0.6 or 1.2 µmoles) caused a larger and more protracted inhibition of DNA synthesis, followed by a gradual increase above control level. Inflammation was evident at 6 days and, by 10 days after treatment, some visible wounding was observed and RNA and protein synthesis were stimulated. Initiating doses of 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]anthracene gave results similar to initiating doses of DMBA; there was an early inhibition in DNA synthesis that was not followed by a stimulation. 1,2,3,4-Dibenzanthracene, a weak or inactive initiating agent, produced a large peak of RNA synthesis at Day 1, but DNA synthesis was close to control values at all times studied and, histologically, the skin sections appeared normal. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, applied to skin in which DNA synthesis was stimulated 3-fold by acetic acid, blocked the increased incorporation of thymidine- 3 H into DNA.
Targeting Syk in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, which associates directly with surface receptors, including B-cell receptor and Fcγ receptor, and is involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus are autoimmune diseases in which autoantibodies, immune complexes, and autoreactive T cells account for the expression of tissue inflammation and damage. Syk inhibitors efficiently suppress RA in patients albeit in the expression of unwanted side effects, including gastrointestinal effects, hypertension, and neutropenia. Syk inhibitors also inhibit clinical manifestations in lupus-prone mice. Here, we review the evidence that supports the use of Syk inhibitors to treat rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases.