gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obesity and arthritis (2008)

Obesity affects over 20% of the UK's adult population and its prevalence is rising. Obesity can lead to a variety of musculoskeletal problems and is independently associated with locomotor disability and joint pain. Obesity increases the risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), but has a lesser effect on disease progression. The association with hip and hand OA is weaker, but implies that excess adipose tissue produces humoral factors, altering articular cartilage metabolism. It has been postulated that the leptin system could be a link between metabolic abnormalities in obesity and increased risk of OA. Although obesity was initially thought to increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), further studies showed, that heavier patients with RA have less radiological disease progression and possibly better survival. On the other hand, obesity is strongly associated with hypeuricaemia and gouty arthritis. High body weight correlates independently with metabolic syndrome and may contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity in patients with gout. Weight reduction should be an important part of treatment for OA and gout. Because obesity at a young age correlates with the development of OA and gout in later life, preventive public health strategies aimed at lowering the incidence of obesity are of most importance.
Ultrasonic modulation of light with a liquid crystal in the smectic-<i>A</i> and nematic phases (1975)

An acoustic light modulator, using a liquid crystal (CBOOA) in nematic or smectic phase, is presented. It is shown that with good acoustical matching it is possible, in the nematic phase, to have a modulation of light from very low frequencies up to about 1 MHz, at the least. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first time that modulation has been observed at such high frequencies in the acoustic domain. This behavior is explained as a consequence of the elastic properties of the nematic. Some interesting results are also obtained which follow the behavior of the modulation vs temperature. In the smectic phase it is shown that it is possible to have a modulation only at very high frequencies, as one would expect from the elastic properties of this phase.
Displacement of diborane from pentaborane(9) by strong molecular bases (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDisplacement of diborane from pentaborane(9) by strong molecular basesAnton B. BurgCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 6, 1448–1450Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50124a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50124a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
APPENDIX (2012)

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Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Two Schedules of Everolimus in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Breast Cancer: NCIC Clinical Trials Group IND.163 (2009)

Oral everolimus has activity in metastatic breast cancer that is schedule dependent. Daily therapy with 10 mg is worthy of further study in this patient population.
Inhibition of Wnt signaling downregulates Akt activity and induces chemosensitivity in PTEN-mutated prostate cancer cells (2004)

Our results show that Wnt signaling is involved in Akt activation in Pca cells. Our data also indicate the possibility that Wnt and its signaling pathway can be therapeutic targets for PTEN-mutated advanced Pca.
Improved online condition monitoring using static eccentricity-induced negative sequence current information in induction machines (2005)

The detection of air-gap eccentricity-related motor faults is a very important function in online condition monitoring of induction machines. Low frequency and high frequency characteristic side-band harmonics are usually monitored in the stator current spectrum to detect the existence of air-gap eccentricities. However, in these techniques, only a single phase stator current spectrum is analyzed even though all three phase supply currents are usually available in the motor control center. In this paper, for the first time, the negative sequence components in supply currents due to the presence of a static eccentricity are proposed as a fault indicator. This paper also proposes a new technique to separate the negative sequence components from their positive sequence counterparts using qd-axis current spectra in a newly selected rotating reference frame. Analysis shows that in this way the oscillating load torque effect can be completely eliminated from the eccentricity effect. Based on an elementary, 2-pole, 3-phase induction motor model with sinusoidal winding distributions, all motor inductances are analytically derived and analyzed. Simulation and experimental results validate the existence of negative sequence fundamental component in supply currents resulting from a static air-gap eccentricity. The variation of magnitudes and phase angles associated with these negative sequence components are also investigated. By monitoring the magnitude of negative sequence components, one could determine the degree of static eccentricity in the presence of a mixed eccentricity. Therefore, the capability and reliability of online condition monitoring of induction machines are improved.
Immune suppression in cynomolgus monkeys by XPro9523 (2013)

The CTLA4-Ig fusion proteins abatacept and belatacept are clinically proven immunosuppressants used for rheumatoid arthritis and renal transplant, respectively. Given that both biologics are typically administered chronically by infusion, a need exists for a next-generation CTLA4-Ig with more convenient dosing. We used structure-based protein engineering to optimize the affinity of existing CTLA4-Ig therapeutics for the ligands CD80 and CD86, and for the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn. From a rationally designed library, we identified four substitutions that enhanced binding to human CD80 and CD86. Coupled with two IgG1 Fc substitutions that enhanced binding to human FcRn, these changes comprise the novel CTLA4-Ig fusion protein, XPro9523. Compared with abatacept, XPro9523 demonstrated 5.9-fold, 23-fold, and 12-fold increased binding to CD80, CD86, and FcRn, respectively; compared with belatacept, CD80, CD86, and FcRn binding increased 1.5-fold, 7.7-fold, and 11-fold, respectively. XPro9523 and belatacept suppressed human T cell proliferation and IL-2 production more potently than abatacept. XPro9523 also suppressed inflammation in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model. In cynomolgus monkeys, XPro9523 saturated CD80 and CD86 more effectively than abatacept and belatacept, potently inhibited IgM and IgG immunization responses, and demonstrated longer half-life. Pharmacokinetic modeling of its increased potency and persistence suggests that, in humans, XPro9523 may demonstrate superior efficacy and dosing convenience compared with abatacept and belatacept.
Plant Glutamine Synthetase Complements a <i>glnA</i> Mutation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1986)

A glutamine synthetase gene from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been expressed in Escherichia coli after fusion of bacterial transcription and translation signals to a complete alfalfa glutamine synthetase coding sequence. Synthesis of the alfalfa glutamine synthetase enzyme in Escherichia coli was demonstrated by functional genetic complementation of a glutamine synthetase-deficient mutant and by immunoblotting analysis. These results should facilitate protein engineering and structure-function analysis of the plant enzyme.
Robust covariance estimation in sensor data fusion (2009)

This paper addresses the robust estimation of a covariance matrix to express the uncertainty when fusing information from multiple sensors. This is a problem of interest in multiple robotics domains and applications, namely in Search and Rescue. The paper compares the Covariance Intersection (CI) and a class of Orthogonal Gnanadesikan-Kettenring (OGK) estimators. The performance of the two estimators is analyzed using the 2-norm of the covariance matrix. Simulation tests are presented showing that OGK tends to outperform CI when the correlation between sensors is significant and in the presence of outliers. The formal bounds found show that each of the two estimators outperforms the other depending on the region of the covariance matrix spectrum they are operating in. The conclusions point to the use covariance estimation systems with a hybrid of the two estimators.
A class-B output buffer for flat-panel-display column driver (1999)

Due to the large number of output buffers on a column driver chip of a flat-panel display, the quiescent current and die area of the output buffer must be minimized. This paper presents a low static power, large output swing, and wide operating voltage range class-B output buffer amplifier for driving the large column line capacitance in a flat-panel display. A comparator is used in the negative feedback path to eliminate quiescent current in the output stage. The proposed output buffer circuit was implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Its output voltage swing is from 1 V to the supply voltage. With 5 V supply and 600 pF load, the maximum tracking error is /spl plusmn/7 mV. The measured static current is 24 /spl mu/A. The settling time for 4 V swing to within 0.2% is 8 /spl mu/s, which is more than adequate for driving 1280/spl times/1024 pixels liquid crystal displays with 86 Hz frame rate and 256 gray levels in each color.
The Total Synthesis of (−)-SNF4435 C and (+)-SNF4435 D (2004)

The size and positioning of substituents on a tetraene, along with the Woodward-Hoffmann rules, control the relative stereochemistry at the four adjacent chiral centers that are generated in the 8pi/6pi electrocyclization cascade. A biomimetic synthesis of (-)-SNF4435 C and (+)-SNF4435 D exploits these steric effects and allows confirmation of the predicted absolute stereochemistry of the natural products.
A mutation in an Arabidopsis ribose 5‐phosphate isomerase reduces cellulose synthesis and is rescued by exogenous uridine (2006)

The Arabidopsis radial swelling mutant rsw10 showed ballooning of root trichoblasts, a lower than wild-type level of cellulose and altered levels of some monosaccharides in non-cellulosic polysaccharides. Map-based cloning showed that the mutated gene (At1g71100) encodes a ribose 5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) and that the rsw10 mutation replaces a conserved glutamic acid residue with lysine. Although RPI is intimately involved with many biochemical pathways, media supplementation experiments suggest that the visible phenotype results from a defect in the production of pyrimidine-based sugar-nucleotide compounds, most likely uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose, the presumed substrate of cellulose synthase. Two of three RPI sequences in the nuclear genome are cytoplasmic, while the third has a putative chloroplast transit sequence. The sequence encoding both cytoplasmic enzymes could complement the mutation when expressed behind the CaMV 35S promoter, while fusion of the RSW10 promoter region to the GUS reporter gene established that the gene is expressed in many aerial tissues as well as the roots. The prominence of the rsw10 phenotype in roots probably reflects RSW10 being the only cytosolic RPI in this tissue and the gene encoding the plastid RPI being relatively weakly expressed. We could not, however, detect a decrease in total RPI activity in root extracts. The rsw10 phenotype is prominent near the root tip where cells undergo division, endoreduplication and cell expansion and so are susceptible to a restriction in de novo pyrimidine production. The two cytosolic RPIs probably arose in an ancient duplication event, their present expression patterns representing subfunctionalization of the expression of the original ancestral gene.
The sigma-1 receptor: a regulator of cancer cell electrical plasticity? (2013)

Originally mistaken as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R) is a ubiquitous membrane protein that has been involved in many cellular processes. While the precise function of Sig1R has long remained mysterious, recent studies have shed light on its role and the molecular mechanisms triggered. Sig1R is in fact a stress-activated chaperone mainly associated with the ER-mitochondria interface that can regulate cell survival through the control of calcium homeostasis. Sig1R functionally regulates ion channels belonging to various molecular families and it has thus been involved in neuronal plasticity and central nervous system diseases. Interestingly, Sig1R is frequently expressed in tumors but its function in cancer has not been yet clarified. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of Sig1R. We suggest herein that Sig1R shapes cancer cell electrical signature upon environmental conditions. Thus, Sig1R may be used as a novel therapeutic target to specifically abrogate pro-invasive functions of ion channels in cancer tissue.
Phase II study of Taxol in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. (1998)

Taxol has a modest degree of activity against gastric carcinoma. It is well tolerated by the patients. Further studies of Taxol in combination with other active agents against gastric carcinoma should be considered.
Microstrip resonators having reduced radiation loss (1971)

The radiation loss of several forms of microstrip resonator is considered with a view to determining a form which retains as far as possible the advantages of compactness and easy fabrication of the half-wave o.c. resonator, but having reduced radiation loss. A new form of resonator, of U shape or ‘hair-pin’ configuration, is proposed, and theoretical and experimental confirmation of its low radiation is described.
A model for the structure and mechanism of action of pulmonary surfactant protein B (2015)

Surfactant protein B (SP-B), from the saposin-like family of proteins, is essential to facilitate the formation and proper performance of surface active films at the air-liquid interface of mammalian lungs, and lack of or deficiency in this protein is associated with lethal respiratory failure. Despite its importance, neither a structural model nor a molecular mechanism of SP-B is available. The purpose of the present work was to purify and characterize native SP-B supramolecular assemblies to provide a model supporting structure-function features described for SP-B. Purification of porcine SP-B using detergent-solubilized surfactant reveals the presence of 10 nm ring-shaped particles. These rings, observed by atomic force and electron microscopy, would be assembled by oligomerization of SP-B as a multimer of dimers forming a hydrophobically coated ring at the surface of phospholipid membranes or monolayers. Docking of rings from neighboring membranes would lead to formation of SP-B-based hydrophobic tubes, competent to facilitate the rapid flow of surface active lipids both between membranes and between surfactant membranes and the interface. A similar sequential assembly of dimers, supradimeric oligomers and phospholipid-loaded tubes could explain the activity of other saposins with colipase, cytolysin, or antibiotic activities, offering a common framework to understand the range of functions carried out by saposins.
Fitting the Coulomb potential variationally in <i>X</i>α molecular calculations (1983)

The method of Mintmire and Dunlap which variationally fits the Coulomb potential rather than the charge density is extended to linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals Xα calculations on molecules. This approach is more efficient than fitting the charge density since the same integrals are used to treat the Coulomb and exchange potentials. Furthermore, the required Fock matrix elements are simple overlap rather than Coulomb integrals. However, the method is somewhat less accurate than fitting the charge density in a test on H2.
Towards 1mm PET resolution using DOI modules based on dual-sided SiPM readout (2010)

Parallax error in PET modules can be reduced by measuring the annihilation photon depth of interaction (DOI) in the scintillation crystal on an event-by-event basis. Following implementations described in prior literature, we selected a dual-sided readout PET module design in which SiPMs are placed at both ends of a scintillation array and the ratio of the signal from one photodetector (A) divided by the signal sum of both detectors (A+B), as well as the plot of Signal A vs. Signal B are used to measure DOI. Our experimental apparatus consisted of a 12×12 scintillation array with 1×1×10mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> pixels [from Proteus] with 50μ Toray Lumirror septa for DOI optimization. Both polished ends of the scintillation array were optically coupled to a 12×12×2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> anti-reflection coated UV fused silica light spreader window [from Edmund Optics]. The reverse side of each window was optically coupled to a low profile (~1mm thick) 4×4 element SiPM with 3 × 3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area pixels [SPMArray2 from sensL]. Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) cables were used to interface the DOI PET module to custom 16 channel differential pre-amplifiers connected to evaluation/power supply boards [SPMArray2-A0 and SPMArray2-A1, respectively, from sensL]. Average DOI resolution of 1.5±0.1mm FWHM and energy resolution of 20% FWHM was obtained. We conclude that for the limited instances of parallax error expected in realistic PET systems combined with ~1mm spatial resolution in the scintillation plane, the obtained result for DOI spatial resolution indicates that ~1mm spatial reconstruction resolution PET imaging is possible with the selected technical approach. Applications for such a compact high DOI resolution PET module include a prostate PET probe working in conjunction with a standard clinical PET imager or a dedicated prostate PET imager aiding in prostate cancer diagnosis and biopsy guidance, as well as a carotid artery PET probe imaging vulnerable plaque or a surgical breast imaging probe.
Evidence from disruption of the lmcpb gene array of Leishmania mexicana that cysteine proteinases are virulence factors. (1996)

The mammalian form of the protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana contains high activity of a cysteine proteinase (LmCPb) encoded on a tandem array of 19 genes (lmcpb). Homozygous null mutants for lmcpb have been produced by targeted gene disruption. All life-cycle stages of the mutant can be cultured in vitro, demonstrating that the gene is not essential for growth or differentiation of the parasite. However, the mutant exhibits a marked phenotype affecting virulence-- its infectivity to macrophages is reduced by 80%. The mutants are as efficient as wild-type parasites in invading macrophages but they only survive in a small proportion of the cells. However, those parasites that successfully infect these macrophages grow normally. Despite their reduced virulence, the mutants are still able to produce subcutaneous lesions in mice, albeit at a slower rate than wild-type parasites. The product of a single copy of lmcpb re-expressed in the null mutant was enzymatically active and restored infectivity toward macrophages to wild-type levels. Double null mutants created for lmcpb and lmcpa (another cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase) have a similar phenotype to the lmcpb null mutant, showing that LmCPa does not compensate for the loss of LmCPb.
Deep learning-based intra prediction mode decision for HEVC (2016)

The High Efficiency Video Coding standard and its screen content coding extension provide superior coding efficiency compared to predecessor standards. However, this coding efficiency is achieved at the expense of very complex encoders. One major complexity driver is the comprehensive rate distortion (RD) optimization. In this paper, we present a deep learning-based encoder control which replaces the conventional RD optimization for the intra prediction mode with deep convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers. Thereby, we save the RD optimization complexity. Our classifiers operate independently of any encoder decisions and reconstructed sample values. Thus, no additional systematic latency is introduced. Furthermore, the loss in coding efficiency is negligible with an average value of 0.52% over HM-16.6+SCM-5.2.
Chromosomal assignment of two human B-raf(Rmil) proto-oncogene loci: B-raf-1 encoding the p94Braf/Rmil and B-raf-2, a processed pseudogene. (1992)

The B-raf gene is the human homolog of the avian c-Rmil proto-oncogene encoding a 94-kDa serine/threonine kinase detected in avian cells. We have previously shown that this protein contains amino-terminal sequences not found in other proteins of the mil/raf gene family. These sequences are encoded by three exons in the avian genome. We report that these three exons are conserved in the human B-raf gene and that they encode an amino acid sequence similar to that of the avian c-Rmil gene, indicating that in both avian and mammalian species the product of the B-raf/c-Rmil gene is a 94-kDa protein. We also identified two human B-raf loci: B-raf-1, located on chromosome 7q34, which encodes the functional B-raf/Rmil gene product, and B-raf-2, an inactive processed pseudogene located on chromosome Xq13.
Haloacetylated enol ethers. <b>5</b> [5]. Heterocyclic ring closure reactions of β‐alkoxyvinyl dichloromethyl ketones with hydroxylamine (1995)

Abstract The β‐alkoxyvinyl dichloromethyl ketones 1a‐d are cyclocondensed with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine to afford the 5‐hydroxy‐5‐dichloromethyl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles 2a‐d in good yield. The cyclo‐condensation of compound 1c gave, together with 2c , 3‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐dichloromethyltetrahydrofuran 5c. The dehydratation of compounds 2a,b , derived from acyclic enol ethers, with concentrated sulfuric acid at 30°, led the corresponding 5‐dichloromethylisoxazoles 3a,b. The dehydratation of compounds 2c,d , derived from cyclic enol ethers, with concentrated sulfuric acid at 30°, led the bicyclic 4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles 4c,d , and at 55°, a competitive rearrangement reaction gives the 3‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐dichloromethyl‐2 H ‐pyran 5d.