gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-wide bandwidth piezoelectric energy harvesting (2011)

Here, we present an ultra wide-bandwidth energy harvester by exploiting the nonlinear stiffness of a doubly clamped microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) resonator. The stretching strain in a doubly clamped beam shows a nonlinear stiffness, which provides a passive feedback and results in amplitude-stiffened Duffing mode resonance. This design has been fabricated into a compact MEMS device, which is about the size of a US quarter coin. Based on the open circuit voltage measurement, it is expected to have more than one order of magnitude improvement in both bandwidth (more than 20% of the peak frequency) and power density (up to 2 W/cm3) in comparison to the devices previously reported.
Vascular Calcification in Animal Models of CKD: A Review (2010)

Vascular calcification is a significant contributor to the cardiovascular mortality observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review discusses the animal models (5/6 nephrectomy, mouse electrocautery model and dietary adenine) that have been employed in the study of vascular calcification outcomes in CKD. Rodent models of CKD generate a range of severity in the vascular calcification phenotype. Major limitations of the 5/6th nephrectomy model include the requirement for surgery and the need to use either excessive dietary phosphorus or vitamin D. Major limitations of the mouse electrocautery model include the requirement for surgery, the mortality rate when very advanced CKD develops, and resistance to vascular calcification without the use of transgenic animals. This is balanced against the major advantage of the ability to study transgenic animals to further understand the mechanisms associated with either the acceleration or inhibition of calcification. Dietary adenine generates severe CKD and does not require surgery. The major disadvantage is the weight loss that ensues when rats receive a diet containing 0.75% adenine. In summary, animal models are useful to study CKD-associated vascular calcification and the results obtained in these pre-clinical animal studies appear to translate to the evidence, however limited, which exists in humans with CKD.
ENZYMATIC RESOLUTION AND BASE PAIRING PROPERTIES OF <i>D</i>- AND <i>L</i>-CYCLOHEXENYL NUCLEIC ACIDS (CeNA) (2005)

An enzymatic transesterification reaction afforded large scale resolution of the cyclohexenol precursor needed for preparation of both series of CeNA building blocks. CeNA oligos of "D-like" chirality display a strong and selective interaction with RNA, while preserving RNase H activity, and therefore have potential as antisense constructs. CeNAs of opposite chirality form a self-pairing system on their own.
Robust biomarker identification for cancer diagnosis with ensemble feature selection methods (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Atrial natriuretic peptide modulators: Dissociation of receptor binding and particulate guanylate cyclase activity (1991)

Abstract Prazosin stimulated 125 l‐rANP(102–126) binding to bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa membranes (BAZGM) allosterically by converting the lower‐affinity state binding sites into the higher‐affinity state. The modulatory effect could be mimicked by guanabenz and LY193422, and was concentration‐dependent. SC 50 (concentration required to stimulate binding by 50%) values for guanabenz, prazosin, and LY193422 were 13, 25, and 1.8 μM, respectively. Prazosin (30 μM) enhanced 125 l‐ANP(102–126) binding by decreasing the K D from 251 ± 24 to 97.4 ± 8.3 pM without affecting the Bmax. Competitive inhibition of 125 l‐ANP binding by ANP analogs was potentiated by prazosin (30 μM) and LY193422 (50 μM). The modulator‐stimulated 125 l‐rANP(102–126) binding was reversible by the addition of unlabelled ANP analogs during incubation. Previously, we also demonstrated that these modulators potentiated the ANP‐mediated inhibition of ACTH‐induced aldosterone synthesis in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells [Horng, J. S., Steinberg, M. I., Wyss, V. L., Wiest, S. A., Schirmer, E. W., McCowan, J. R., and Yu, M. J.: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor modulators: Effects of prazosin and guanabenz analogs on ANP receptor binding and in vitro biological activity. FASEB Journal 3:A733, 1989; Yu, M. J., McCowan, J. R., Steinberg, M. I., Wiest, S. A. Wyss, V. L., and Horng, J. S.: Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor modulators: Effect of disubstituted quinazolines on receptor binding and in vitro biological activity. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 33:348–353, 1990]. However, neither prazosin nor LY193422 affected basal or ANP‐induced particulate guanylate cyclase activity in rabbit glomeruli. This is the first study to our knowledge in which ANP modulators were demonstrated to potentiate ANP‐mediated response independent of cGMP. Our studies suggest that potentiation of ANP‐mediated inhibition of aldosterone synthesis by these analogs does not involve particulate guanylate cyclase and that these modulators induce a cyclase‐uncoupled, high affinity ANP receptor in the adrenal gland, which might be different from cyclase‐uncoupled ANP clearance receptor.
Multispectral antireflection coating simultaneously effective in visible, diode laser, Nd-YAG and eye safe laser wavelength (2008)

Multi-spectral antireflection coating effective in visible region for sighting system, Nd-YAG laser wavelength for designator/seeker system, both diode laser and eye safe laser wavelength for ranging purpose can use common objective/receiver optics highly useful for state of art laser instrumentation. In this paper, design and fabrication of antireflection coating simultaneously effective in visible region (500 to 650nm), diode laser at 904±25nm and Nd-YAG laser at 1064±25nm, and erbium-glass laser wavelength at 1540±25nm has been reported. Inhomogeneous refractive index profile as suggested by Southwell was used to design this coating. The inhomogeneous profile was then approximated with eleven steps from substrate to air medium in order to obtain desirable antireflection property in the visible and laser wavelengths. These steps were then converted into the available coating materials (titanium-di-oxide and magnesium fluoride) of twenty-two layer stack. The multilayer stack was fabricated by using electron beam gun evaporation system in Balzers BAK-600 vacuum coating unit. The result achieved were less than 2% average reflection (98% average transmission) from 500 to 650nm, 1.5% reflection (98.5% average transmission) at 904nm, 1064nm and 1540nm. The coated samples successfully passed the specifications of MIL-C-14806 tests.
Degradation of low molecular weight fragments of pectin and alginates by gamma-irradiation (1998)

Low molecular weight (LMw) fragments of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) obtained by enzymatic degradation, as well as low molecular weight fragments of pectin (methyl esterified polygalacturonic acid) and alginates obtained by mechanolysis have been used to study the mechanism of radiation-induced degradation. By means of high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), the degradation of specific entities induced by γ-irradiation and the formation of new compounds were monitored. The LMw fragments of PGA, pectin and alginates showed an increasing reduction in the degree of polymerisation upon exposure to increasing irradiation doses. An alginate with a high mannuronic to guluronic acid ratio appeared to be more sensitive towards irradiation than an alginate having a low ratio. Degradation of the PGA fragments by irradiation can be ascribed to hydrolytic cleavage of glycosydic bonds, although HPAEC analysis revealed that also other, unknown products were released during the irradiation process. Storage of various irradiated PGA fractions at -20 °C did not affect significantly their average molecular weight and had no effect on their HPAEC elution pattern.
Introduction to Low Pressure Glow Discharges for Semiconductor Manufacturing with special Emphasis on Plasma Etching (2004)

Plasma processing is one of the key technologies in the fabrication of modern silicon devices. It is applied to approximately one third of the several hundred fabrication steps. Plasma etching enables together with advanced lithography the high volume production of submicron structures. The significant difference to the formerly used wet etching in liquid chemicals is its ability to keep the mask dimensions much more accurately. Plasma assisted deposition reduces the necessary number of high temperature thermal treatments > 700◦C which might degrade the device performance, as it allows the deposition of several important materials in semiconductor manufacturing at below 500◦C. Finally plasma treatments are used to modify surfaces e. g. to increase wetability of chemicals, to clean organic residues and so on. This short summary on low pressure glow discharges used in IC manufacturing is intended to give an introduction to the basics of the plasma processing involved in the IC fabrication process. It is devoted to the physical and chemical concepts of plasma etching and a bit deposition, but addresses also the overall IC fabrication briefly, because many specific requirements can only be understood in the context of the total fabrication process. The script is mainly considered for young process engineers and technicians working in the wafer fab, giving them a rather practical introduction, but might be also interesting for all persons who want to get in touch with the subject. While reading, please be always aware that my main intention is to give you some feeling and conceptual knowledge, not detailed recipes for specific applications. I might have omitted expections, doesn’t have described all restrictions, so don’t take the given arguments to literally and seriously, but anyway the concepts introduced should be valid. Due to the complexity of our subject I try to explain all related terms shortly during the first chapter to have a good basis for the more detailed discussions following. Most of the given examples come from submicron CMOS technology as this is my current field of interest. Most of the basic material presented comes from four books of Chapmann [1], Liebermann [5], Chen [2] and Sugawara [7]. The first one of Chapmann is already more than twenty years old but is still a excellent first overview. The graduate textbook of Liebermann provides a rather complete coverage together with a rather strict quantitative analysis. Chens book is not devoted to plasma processing, it is about plasmas and controlled fusion and is my reference for questions to basic plasma physics. The final one edited by Sugawara is rather new from 1998 and contains therefore very actual material. I just selected, summarized and expanded everything in a way that is in my humble opinion useful for the actual practical application.
MEDI0639: A Novel Therapeutic Antibody Targeting Dll4 Modulates Endothelial Cell Function and Angiogenesis <i>In Vivo</i> (2012)

The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in cell fate determination and differentiation in many tissues. Accumulating evidence points toward a pivotal role in blood vessel formation, and the importance of the Delta-like ligand (Dll) 4-Notch1 ligand-receptor interaction has been shown in both physiological and tumor angiogenesis. Disruption of this interaction leads to a reduction in tumor growth as a result of an increase in nonfunctional vasculature leading to poor perfusion of the tumor. MEDI0639 is an investigational human therapeutic antibody that targets Dll4 to inhibit the interaction between Dll4 and Notch1. The antibody cross-reacts to cynomolgus monkey but not mouse species orthologues. In vitro MEDI0639 inhibits the binding of Notch1 to Dll4, interacting via a novel epitope that has not been previously described. Binding to this epitope translates into MEDI0639 reversing Notch1-mediated suppression of human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth in vitro. MEDI0639 administration resulted in stimulation of tubule formation in a three-dimensional (3D) endothelial cell outgrowth assay, a phenotype driven by disruption of the Dll4-Notch signaling axis. In contrast, in a two-dimensional endothelial cell-fibroblast coculture model, MEDI0639 is a potent inhibitor of tubule formation. In vivo, MEDI0639 shows activity in a human endothelial cell angiogenesis assay promoting human vessel formation and reducing the number of vessels with smooth muscle actin-positive mural cells coverage. Collectively, the data show that MEDI0639 is a potent modulator of Dll4-Notch signaling pathway.
Interface effect on dielectric constant of HfO2∕Al2O3 nanolaminate films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (2007)

The effect of the interface between Al2O3 and HfO2 sublayers on the dielectric constant was investigated in HfO2∕Al2O3 nanolaminate films deposited using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. After annealing at 700°C, the dielectric constants of the nanolaminate films with a sublayer thickness of 40Å or greater were the same as the calculated values for a series of capacitors consisting of amorphous Al2O3 and monoclinic or tetragonal HfO2. As the sublayer thickness was reduced to 10Å, the dielectric constant increased up to 17.7 because a thin Hf–O–Al mixture layer, of which the number increases drastically in the nanolaminate films with thin sublayers, is formed at the interface.
Distribution of surface glycoproteins on influenza A virus determined by electron cryotomography (2012)

We use electron cryotomography to reconstruct virions of two influenza A H3N2 virus strains. The maps reveal the structure of the viral envelope containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins and the virus interior containing a matrix layer and an assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that package the genome. We build a structural model for the viral surface by locating copies of the X-ray structure of the HA ectodomain into density peaks on the virus surface. We calculate inter-glycoprotein distances and the fractional volume occupied by glycoproteins. The models suggest that for typical HA densities on virus, Fabs can bind to epitopes on the HA stem domain. The models also show how membrane curvature may influence the number of glycoproteins that can simultaneously interact with a target surface of receptors.
Regulation of the cytosolic sulfotransferases by nuclear receptors (2013)

The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are a multigene family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the physiologic sulfate donor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, to a nucleophilic substrate to generate a polar product that is more amenable to elimination from the body. As catalysts of both xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism, the SULTs are major points of contact between the external and physiological environments, and modulation of SULT-catalyzed metabolism can not only affect xenobiotic disposition, but it can also alter endogenous metabolic processes. Therefore, it is not surprising that SULT expression is regulated by numerous members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that function as sensors of xenobiotics as well as endogenous molecules, such as fatty acids, bile acids, and oxysterols. These NRs include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, retinoid-related orphan receptors, and estrogen-related receptors. This review summarizes current information about NR regulation of SULT expression. Because species differences in SULT subfamily composition and tissue-, sex-, development-, and inducer-dependent regulation are prominent, these differences will be emphasized throughout the review. In addition, because of the central role of the SULTs in cellular physiology, the effect of NR-mediated SULT regulation on physiological and pathophysiological processes will be discussed. Gaps in current knowledge that require further investigation are also highlighted.
Rho GTPase Control of Protein Kinase C-related Protein Kinase Activation by 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase (2000)

The protein kinase C-related protein kinases (PRKs) have been shown to be under the control of the Rho GTPases and influenced by autophosphorylation. In analyzing the relationship between these inputs, it is shown that activation in vitro and in vivo involves the activation loop phosphorylation of PRK1/2 by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). Rho overexpression in cultured cells is shown to increase the activation loop phosphorylation of endogenous PRKs and is demonstrated to influence this process by controlling the ability of PRKs to bind to PDK1. The interaction of PRK1/2 with PDK1 is shown to be dependent upon Rho. Direct demonstration of ternary (Rho.PRK.PDK1) complex formation in situ is provided by the observation that PDK1 is recruited to RhoB-containing endosomes only if PRK is coexpressed. Furthermore, this in vivo complex is maintained after phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. The control of PRKs by PDK1 thus evidences a novel strategy of substrate-directed control involving GTPases.
Stabilization of nucleic acids by unusual polyamines produced by an extreme thermophile, <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (2005)

Extreme thermophiles produce two types of unusual polyamine: long linear polyamines such as caldopentamine and caldohexamine, and branched polyamines such as quaternary ammonium compounds [e.g. tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium]. To clarify the physiological roles of long linear and branched polyamines in thermophiles, we synthesized them chemically and tested their effects on the stability of ds (double-stranded) and ss (single-stranded) DNAs and tRNA in response to thermal denaturation, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Linear polyamines stabilized dsDNA in proportion to the number of amino nitrogen atoms within their molecular structure. We used the empirical results to derive formulae that estimate the melting temperature of dsDNA in the presence of polyamines of a particular molecular composition. ssDNA and tRNA were stabilized more effectively by tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium than any of the other polyamines tested. We propose that long linear polyamines are effective to stabilize DNA, and tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium plays important roles in stabilizing RNAs in thermophile cells.
Computational Engineering of the Stability and Optical Gaps of SiC Quantum Dots (2004)

We have carried out an ab initio computational study of SiC nanoparticles with diameters between 1 and 3 nm. Our calculations show that surface composition and termination play a dominant role in determining the optical gaps and thermodynamic stability of these nanoparticles. In particular, we find that the optical gap of cubic SiC dots can be engineered as a function of their size and surface composition to obtain absorption and emission from the UV to the green. Our results suggest that SiC nanoparticles may be used to build new materials for semiconductor-based UV light sources.
Application-Aware Aggregation and Traffic Engineering in a Converged Packet-Circuit Network (2011)

We demonstrate a converged OpenFlow enabled packet-circuit network, where circuit flow properties (guarantee d bandwidth, low latency, low jitter, bandwidth-on-demand, fast recovery) provide differential treatment to dynamically aggregated packet flows for voice, video and web traffic.
Visual exploration of classification models for risk assessment (2010)

In risk assessment applications well informed decisions are made based on huge amounts of multi-dimensional data. In many domains not only the risk of a wrong decision, but in particular the trade-off between the costs of possible decisions are of utmost importance. In this paper we describe a framework tightly integrating interactive visual exploration with machine learning to support the decision making process. The proposed approach uses a series of interactive 2D visualizations of numeric and ordinal data combined with visualization of classification models. These series of visual elements are further linked to the classifier's performance visualized using an interactive performance curve. An interactive decision point on the performance curve allows the decision maker to steer the classification model and instantly identify the critical, cost changing data elements, in the various linked visualizations. The critical data elements are represented as images in order to trigger associations related to the knowledge of the expert. In this context the data visualization and classification results are not only linked together, but are also linked back to the classification model. Such a visual analytics framework allows the user to interactively explore the costs of his decisions for different settings of the model and accordingly use the most suitable classification model and make more informed and reliable decisions. A case study on data from the Forensic Psychiatry domain reveals the usefulness of the suggested approach.
<b>Carbodiimides. II. Mechanism of the Catalytic Formation from Isocyanates</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbodiimides. II. Mechanism of the Catalytic Formation from IsocyanatesJohn J. Monagle, Tod W. Campbell, and Herbert F. McShaneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 22, 4288–4295Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00881a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00881a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Size-dependent polymorphism in HfO2 nanotubes and nanoscale thin films (2009)

Many metal oxides exhibit size-dependent phase transitions among multiple polymorphs. In this work, the microstructure and crystallinity of ultrathin HfO2 films and utrathin-wall nanotubes were investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction after high-temperature annealing. Nanotubes were formed by atomic layer deposition of HfO2 on epitaxial Ge ⟨111⟩ nanowire arrays on Si (111) substrates followed by selective etching of the Ge wires. A size-dependent phase transition sequence from amorphous (a-HfO2) to tetragonal (t-HfO2) and from tetragonal to monoclinic (m-HfO2) phase was observed with increasing film and nanotube wall thickness. These results are analyzed in light of recent predictions of surface energy-driven phase transitions in nanoscale fluorite-structure oxides.