gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PyFX: A framework for real-time graphics effects (2005)

Programming real-time effects for contemporary GPUs requires writing shader programs to run on the GPU as well as code for the render state setup logic performed by the CPU. While the GPU parts are well supported by high level programming languages, the effect frameworks commonly used for the CPU parts are lacking both in functionality and expressive power, which makes them difficult to work with. In this paper we present an effect framework implemented as an embedded language in Python. We show that this high-level language for effect descriptions provide increased expressivity, without sacrificing declarativity of other frameworks. We show how some additional functional features, image-processing and off-screen render targets, cooperate with the effect language giving a rich environment for experimenting with both functional and expressive features of effect programming.
Differentially expressed proteins of gamma-ray irradiated mouse intestinal epithelial cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (2003)

These differentially expressed proteins might play important roles when mouse intestine was severely injured by gamma-irradiation. It is suggested that differential proteomic analysis may be a useful tool to study the proteins involved in radiation damage of mouse intestinal epithelia.
SSZ-35 and SSZ-44: Two Related Zeolites Containing Pores Circumscribed by Ten- and Eighteen-Membered Rings (1999)

Unusual one-dimensional pores circumscribed by 10- and 18-membered rings are a feature of the structures of two high-silica molecular sieves, SSZ-44 and SSZ-35. Structure solution and Rietveld refinement from synchrotron powder X-ray data reveal that the two materials are the pure end-member polymorphs of a new fault series and contain similar layerlike units (see picture). The SSZ-44 structure is formed by an AB stacking of the layers, whereas the SSZ-35 structure is formed through an ABC stacking of the layer units.
Throughput driven transformations of Synchronous Data Flows for mapping to heterogeneous MPSoCs (2012)

Due to energy efficiency requirements of modern embedded systems, chip vendors are inclined towards multicore architectures with different types of processing engines and non-uniform interconnect fabrics. At the same time multiple applications are intended to run concurrently on the devices with such heterogeneous architectures. This rapid growth in the complexity of the hardware and its use cases imposes new challenges on the software development tools. To overcome this complexity, model of computation based approaches are becoming increasingly promising. Synchronous Data Flow (SDF) is a popular specification formalism for streaming applications with inherently concurrent nature. However, the parallelism expressed in the original representation is often not sufficient to maximally exploit the potential of multicore platforms. In this paper we present a holistic methodology for improving the throughput of streaming applications while mapping them onto heterogeneous architectures. The approach uses transformations that adapt the parallelism in SDF according to available platform resources. We use a genetic algorithm to explore SDF instances with the objective of maximizing throughput on a target platform. Our model supports architecture heterogeneity and multi-application scenarios. The experiments indicate that our approach outperforms other techniques for exploiting parallelism on a single application in most of the test cases and enables concurrent applications optimization.
Two pathways can activate the interleukin-5 gene and induce binding to the conserved lymphokine element 0 (1996)

Eosinophilia is a uniquely specific phenomenon regulated by interleukin- 5 (IL-5), suggesting specific control for IL-5 gene expression. Using a transient-transfection reporter assay and DNA mobility-shift experiments in EL4 mouse lymphoma cells, reporter expression and binding of transcription factors to the conserved lymphokine element 0 (CLE0) in the mouse (mIL-5) promoter was investigated. Activation of the IL-5 promoter required costimulation of T cells with phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA]) and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′- monophosphate (cAMP), but was blocked by the immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin A (CsA). Binding to CLE0 was induced under conditions optimal for IL-5 transcription but was not blocked by CsA. CD28-induced signals could partly substitute for cAMP. However, the effects of cAMP, but not of CD28, were sensitive to the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H89, suggesting that CD28 does not involve a cAMP mechanism. It therefore appears that IL-5 expression can be induced by at least two distinct stimulatory pathways. Although CLE0 contains sequences similar to AP-1 and NF-AT, only the AP-1 moiety of the CLE0 element could be demonstrated to have inducible binding. Experiments with antisera to the AP-1 family of transcription factors indicated that c- fos and JunB bind to the IL-5 CLE0 in activated lymphoma cells. The role of the NF-AT-like element was less clear. A constitutively expressed protein showed a weak band that was inhibited by mIL-2 NF-AT competitor sequences. However, this protein did not react with an anti- NF-ATp antiserum. On the other hand, transcription was partially inhibited by an oligonucleotide containing the intact NF-AT-like element from CLE0, suggesting that the element is important for optimal transcription, but the nature of the protein binding to it remains unknown. The fact that these factors are induced in a subclone of EL4 that does not express IL-5 and bind to a number of other cytokine gene promoters suggests that although binding to CLE0 appears to be necessary for IL-5 transcription, other factors must control the specific expression of the gene.
Using Object Probabilities in Deformable Model Fitting (2014)

We present a novel image segmentation method based on statistical shape model fitting. Instead of fitting the model to raw intensity values we consider object probabilities. The abstraction from the plain intensity images to probability maps makes the segmentation more robust against misleading texture inside the object or surrounding background. The target object probability is predicted based on random forest regression trained with neighborhood dependent features of sample images. In contrast to similar approaches, both, the object boundary as well as the whole object and background region are considered for segmentation. We apply our approach to a 3D cone beam computed tomography image dataset of the jaw region where we segment the wisdom tooth shape. Compared to a boundary-and a region-based method we obtain superior segmentation performance.
Interferon-gamma induces tyrosine phosphorylation of interferon-gamma receptor and regulated association of protein tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak2, with its receptor. (1994)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces the expression of a set of early response genes by tyrosine phosphorylation of latent transcription factors such as p91. Although the tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak2, have recently been shown to be critical for signal transduction by IFN-gamma, evidence is lacking for both tyrosine phosphorylation of the IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R) and the interaction between Jak1, Jak2, and the IFN-gamma R. In this report, we show that binding of IFN-gamma to HeLa cells initiated a series of events that resulted in the extremely rapid (15 s) tyrosine phosphorylation of not only Jak1, Jak2, and p91 but also the IFN-gamma R. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Jak1 was associated with the IFN-gamma R prior to ligand binding, whereas Jak2 became part of the IFN-gamma R-Jak1 complex immediately after ligand binding. H2O2/vanadate treatment of cells for 15 min resulted in only the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 and IFN-gamma R. Only after 60 min of this treatment did we observe tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 and p91 and assembly of the transcription factor complex FcRF gamma that binds to the promoter of the fcgr1 gene. These data suggest that JAK1 associates with the IFN-gamma R prior to ligand binding. IFN-gamma treatment of cells results in recruitment of JAK2 into the IFN-gamma R-Jak1 complex followed by assembly of the transcription factor FcRF gamma complex.
A Model to Evaluate Smart Growth of a City Using AHP and CRITIC (2017)

With the development of the society, smart growth of a city is becoming more and more popular. Whether a city grows smart is becoming an important criterion to evaluate its advancement. This paper firstly formulates Smart Growth Indicator (SGI) using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with CRITIC to account for the wide variety of factors that influence smart growth of a city. Then, to evaluate the sensitivity of the model, data of Arlington are collected. Results shows that the model works very well.
Rheological Properties of Heavy Oils and Heavy Oil Emulsions (1996)

In this study, we investigated the effects of a number of process variables such as shear rate, measurement temperature, pressure, the influence of pretreatment, and the role of various amounts of added water on the rheology of the resulting heavy oil or the emulsion. Rheological properties of heavy oils and the corresponding emulsions are important from transportation and processing standpoints.
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN STRAW ANDL-LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION (2004)

Soybean straw is an abundant,potential fermentation substrate.The most efficient means to produce fermentable sugars from soybean straw is enzymatic hydrolysis.For the sake of increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean straw and extracting the raw material for producing biodegradable plastic-lactic acid from soybean straw,enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean straw by cellulase was investigated.With initial soybean straw concentration of 5%,reducing sugar concentration and saccharification rate after enzymatic hydrolysis were 242.25 mg·g -1 and 51.22% respectively.L-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus sake on cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysate of ammonia pretreated soybean straw was also studied.7.52 g·L -1 ,8.79 g·L -1 and 11.07 g·L -1 of lactic acid could be further obtained by fermentation with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus sake and mix lactobacilluses.The lactic acid yields were 48.27%, 56.42% and 71.05% respectively based on glucose in hydrolysate.
Effects of Bi<sup>3+</sup> codoping on the optical and scintillation properties of CsI:Tl single crystals (2014)

CsI:Tl single crystals with different Bi3+ concentrations from zero to 0.05 mol% were grown by the vertical Bridgman technique. The effects of Bi3+ codoping on the scintillation properties of CsI:Tl single crystals were investigated, including afterglow level, relative light yield, energy resolution, scintillation decay time and radioluminescence spectra. Afterglow suppression by Bi3+ codoping was confirmed, but it resulted in a considerable decrease of light yield and energy resolution. The deterioration of light yield was ascribed to the self-absorption effect induced by Bi3+ ions. The physical mechanism and role of Bi3+ ions in afterglow suppression were proposed.
Modulation of Chromatin Folding by Histone Acetylation (1995)

A homogeneous oligonucleosome complex was prepared by reconstitution of highly hyperacetylated histone octamers onto a linear DNA template consisting of 12 tandemly arranged 208-base pair fragments of the 5 S rRNA gene from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The ionic strength-dependent folding of this oligonucleosome assembly was monitored by sedimentation velocity and electron microscopy. Both types of analysis indicate that under ionic conditions resembling those found in the physiological range and in the absence of histone H1, the acetylated oligonucleosome complexes remain in an extended conformation in contrast to their nonacetylated counterparts. The implications of this finding in the context of a multistate model of chromatin folding (Hansen, J. C., and Ausio, J. (1992) TIBS 197, 187-191) as well as its biological relevance are discussed.
Data, information, knowledge, understanding: computing up the meaning hierarchy (2002)

This paper discusses computational approaches to computing meaning, arguing that the following four steps are necessary intermediates between the appearance of words in natural language, in whatever medium, and the meaning we want to compute from natural language: pattern detection, information structure creation, knowledge extraction, and application to understanding. It presents computational models for each step as well, in the form of algorithms that detect repetitive or persistent patterns in otherwise unrestricted natural language text, construct information structures from those patterns, extract knowledge from those information structures, and apply the knowledge to problems of understanding situation descriptions obtained in natural language.
Object-Part Attention Model for Fine-Grained Image Classification (2017)

Fine-grained image classification is to recognize hundreds of subcategories belonging to the same basic-level category, such as 200 subcategories belonging to the bird, which is highly challenging due to large variance in the same subcategory and small variance among different subcategories. Existing methods generally first locate the objects or parts and then discriminate which subcategory the image belongs to. However, they mainly have two limitations: 1) relying on object or part annotations which are heavily labor consuming; and 2) ignoring the spatial relationships between the object and its parts as well as among these parts, both of which are significantly helpful for finding discriminative parts. Therefore, this paper proposes the object-part attention model (OPAM) for weakly supervised fine-grained image classification and the main novelties are: 1) object-part attention model integrates two level attentions: object-level attention localizes objects of images, and part-level attention selects discriminative parts of object. Both are jointly employed to learn multi-view and multi-scale features to enhance their mutual promotion; and 2) Object-part spatial constraint model combines two spatial constraints: object spatial constraint ensures selected parts highly representative and part spatial constraint eliminates redundancy and enhances discrimination of selected parts. Both are jointly employed to exploit the subtle and local differences for distinguishing the subcategories. Importantly, neither object nor part annotations are used in our proposed approach, which avoids the heavy labor consumption of labeling. Compared with more than ten state-of-the-art methods on four widely-used datasets, our OPAM approach achieves the best performance.
Miniature capacitive three-axis force sensor (2014)

Interest in low-cost force-torque sensors with high performance will continue to increase in the next years, as robot control needs to rely on more sensors to move into the human environment. Existing force-torque sensors still suffer from some shortcomings such as noise sensitivity, low resolution and high cost. This limits their use in some emerging applications. Through an advanced systematic design method based on a symbolic formulation of the wrench-displacement relationship, we designed compact and cost-effective three-axis capacitance-based force sensor. Despite its relative simplicity, our sensor exhibits a very good sensitivity thanks to the electronic components selected, but also to a special soft silicone layer filled with nanoparticles of ferroelectric ceramic. This composite we made has a relatively high dielectric constant. This paper presents the design process that led to the sensor including the structure, the capacitance measurement circuit and the fabrication of the soft dielectric. Characterization tests have also been carried out on a prototype of the sensor and the results show that it is sensitive and easy to fabricate.
Asymptotic approximation of the move-to-front search cost distribution and least-recently used caching fault probabilities (1999)

Consider a finite list of items $n = 1, 2,\dots, N$, that are requested according to an i.i.d. process. Each time an item is requested it is moved to the front of the list. The associated search cost $C^N$ for accessing an item is equal to its position before being moved. If the request distribution converges to a proper distribution as $N \to \infty$, then the stationary search cost $C^N$ converges in distribution to a limiting search cost C. We show that, when the (limiting) request distribution has a heavy tail (e.g., generalized Zipf's law), $\mathbb{P}[R = n] \sim c/n^{\alpha}$ as $n \to \infty, \alpha > 1$, then the limiting stationary search cost distribution $\mathbb{P}[C > n]$, or, equivalently, the least-recently used (LRU) caching fault probability, satisfies $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\mathbb{P}[C > n]}{\mathbb{P}[R > n]}= (1 - \frac{1}{\alpha}) [\Gamma(1 - \frac{1}{\alpha})]^{\alpha} \nearrow e^{\gamma}$ \text{as}$\alpha \to \infty,$$ where $\Gamma$ is the Gamma function and $\gamma(=0.5772\dots)$ is Euler's constant. When the request distribution has a light tail $\mathbb{P}[R = n] \sim c \exp(-\lambdan_{\beta})$ as $n \to \infty (c, \lambda, \beta > 0), then $$\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{\mathbb{P}[C_f > n]}{\mathbb{P}[R > n]} = e^{\gamma},$$ independently of $c, \lambda, \beta$, where $C_f$ is a fluid approximation of C. We experimentally demonstrate that the derived asymptotic formulas yield accurate results for lists of finite sizes. This should be contrasted with the exponential computational complexity of Burville and Kingman's exact expression for finite lists. The results also imply that the fault probability of LRU caching is asymptotically at most a factor $e^{\gamma} (\approx 1.78)$ greater than for the optimal static arrangement.
A High-Capacity Satellite Utilizing Fixed and Scanning Spot Antenna Beams (1978)

We discuss one possible implementation of a satellite which has the advantage of providing high EIRP, high capacity and universal service. The approach employs Satellite Switched Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) where one of the spotbeams is a scanning beam. The transponder for this satellite is an integration of a phased array, microwave amplifiers and phase shifters and a control system, all of which are discussed in detail following an overview of the system concept.
Phosphorylated Sugars. VI.<sup>1</sup> Syntheses of α-D-Ribofuranose 1,5-Diphosphate and α-D-Ribofuranose 1-Pyrophosphate 5-Phosphate (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorylated Sugars. VI.1 Syntheses of α-D-Ribofuranose 1,5-Diphosphate and α-D-Ribofuranose 1-Pyrophosphate 5-PhosphateG. M. Tener and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 8, 1999–2004Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01541a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01541a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Darstellung und Struktur von Phosphazenylcyclophosphazenen / Synthesis and Structure of Phosphazenylcyclophosphazenes (1980)

Abstract Various phosphazenylcyclophosphazenes N 3 P 3 Xn(N = PA 3 ) 6-n with X = Cl, F, A = Me, Ph, NMe 2 , OEt, OPr i , OBut n and n = 1-3 were obtained by desilylation methods. Chemical and spectroscopical properties dependent on the substituents are discussed. Isomers of di-and tri-substituted compounds were isolated and their structures elucidated by NMR spectroscopy.
Dehydrogenation Kinetics and Modeling Studies of MgH2 Enhanced by Transition Metal Oxide Catalysts Using Constant Pressure Thermodynamic Driving Forces (2012)

The influence of transition metal oxide catalysts (ZrO2, CeO2, Fe3O4 and Nb2O5) on the hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH2 was investigated using constant pressure thermodynamic driving forces in which the ratio of the equilibrium plateau pressure (pm) to the opposing plateau (pop) was the same in all the reactions studied. The results showed Nb2O5 to be vastly superior to other catalysts for improving the thermodynamics and kinetics of MgH2. The modeling studies showed reaction at the phase boundary to be likely process controlling the reaction rates of all the systems studied.
Recent Advances Regarding Diterpene Cyclase Genes in Higher Plants and Fungi (2008)

Cyclic diterpenoids are commonly biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) through the formation of carbon skeletons by specific cyclases and subsequent chemical modifications, such as oxidation, reduction, methylation, and glucosidation. A variety of diterpenoids are produced in higher plants and fungi. Rice produces four classes of diterpene phytoalexins, phytocassanes A to E, oryzalexins A to F, oryzalexin S, and momilactones A and B. The six diterpene cyclase genes involved in the biosynthesis of these phytoalexins were identified and characterized. Fusicoccin A was produced by the phytopathogenic Phomopsis amygdali and served as a plant H(+)-ATPase activator. A PaFS, encoding a fungal diterpene synthase responsible for fusicoccin biosynthesis, was isolated. The PaFS is an unusual chimeric diterpene synthase that possesses not only terpene cyclase activity (the formation of fusicoccadiene, a biosynthetic precursor of fusicoccin A), but also prenyltransferase activity (the formation of GGDP). Thus, we identified a unique multifunctional diterpene synthase family in fungi.
Hydrothermally Stable Periodic Mesoporous Ethane-Silica and Bimodal Mesoporous Nanostructures (2011)

We report the hydrothermally stable organized periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) and bimodal mesoporous structures by using mixed templates of oligomeric alkyl-ethylene oxide and ionic surfactants under basic conditions. Oligomeric alkyl-ethylene oxide surfactant [(Polyoxyethylene (2) cetyl ether, structure is C16H33(OCH2CH2)nOH, n-2, hereafter known as B52) and ionic surfactant (cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) templating systems form mixed micelles that self-assemble into well-ordered hexagonal and bimodal mesostructures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET, NMR and hydrothermal study have been used to investigate the effects of B52 on the formation of various PMOs. It is found that surface structural properties of mesostructures largely depend on the concentration of the B52 in the surfactant solution. The addition of B52 in the surfactant solution is not only improves mesostructural ordering and also enables to produces mesostructures with tuned surface structural properties. The final PMO structure shows good hydrothermal stability and can withstand for 72 h in boiling water, due to the hydrophobic pore wall chemistry in ethane-bridged PMO framework (triple bond Si-CH2-CH2-Si triple bond) and relatively more condensed framework such T3 supported by NMR spectrum. So, the lacking affinity for water through the favorable hydrophobic framework chemistry enhances the hydrothermal stability.