gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-specific mutagenesis of conserved residues within Walker A and B sequences of Escherichia coli UvrA protein (1991)

UvrA is the ATPase subunit of the DNA repair enzyme (A)BC excinuclease. The amino acid sequence of this protein has revealed, in addition to two zinc fingers, three pairs of nucleotide binding motifs each consisting of a Walker A and B sequence. We have conducted site-specific mutagenesis, ATPase kinetic analyses, and nucleotide binding equilibrium measurements to correlate these sequence motifs with activity. Replacement of the invariant Lys by Ala in the putative A sequences indicated that K37 and K646 but not K353 are involved in ATP hydrolysis. In contrast, substitution of the invariant Asp by Asn in the B sequences at positions D238, D513, or D857 had little effect on the in vivo activity of the protein. Nucleotide binding studies revealed a stoichiometry of 0.5 ADP/UvrA monomer while kinetic measurements on wild-type and mutant proteins showed that the active form of UvrA is a dimer with 2 catalytic sites which interact in a positive cooperative manner in the presence of ADP; mutagenesis of K37 but not of K646 attenuated this cooperativity. Loss of ATPase activity was about 75% in the K37A, 86% in the K646A mutant, and 95% in the K37A-K646A double mutant. These amino acid substitutions had only a marginal effect on the specific binding of UvrA to damaged DNA but drastically reduced its ability to deliver UvrB to the damage site. We find that the deficient UvrB loading activity of these mutant UvrA proteins results from their inability to associate with UvrB in the form of (UvrA)2(UvrB)1 complexes. We conclude that UvrA forms a dimer with two ATPase domains involving K37 and K646 and that the work performed by ATP hydrolysis is the delivery of UvrB to the damage site on DNA.
Kinetic Aspects of the Removal of IgG and Inhibitors in Hemophiliacs Using Protein A Immunoadsorption<sup>1</sup> (1991)

Seven patients with hemophilia A and B and 3 patients with acquired hemophilia were treated on 13 and 4 occasions, respectively, with protein A immunoadsorption to reduce anti-factor VIII or IX antibodies. Usually the patients were treated on 2 consecutive days. On each treatment day an average of 3 (range: 1.02-5.83) plasma volumes were processed in the congenital patients and 1.5 (range: 1.02-2.90) in those with acquired hemophilia. Plasma levels of IgG decreased from 18.9 +/- 1.9 to 3.1 +/- 1.2 g/l in the congenital group, and from 11.5 +/- 2.3 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 g/l in the acquired group. In the congenital hemophiliacs a corresponding reduction in inhibitor level of 70-95% was regularly seen; in 1 exceptional patient the inhibitor was reduced from 4,350 to 12 Bethesda Units/ml (BU/ml) during 5 days of treatment. In the congenital hemophiliacs immunoadsorption was followed by factor infusion to peak levels between 8 and 215 IU/dl. In the patients with acquired hemophilia a satisfactory reduction in inhibitor levels was obtained in 2 of the 4 treatments, which were followed by DDAVP or factor infusion. Some recommendations for the use of protein A immunoadsorption in the treatment of hemophilic patients will be given.
Application and Development Prospects of Dietary Fibers in Flour Products (2017)

Dietary fibers are often characterized by high nutritional quality, as they are able to cure many chronic diseases and improve texture, sensory characteristics, and shelf life of foods. Here, the following aspects of dietary fibers have been reviewed: nutritional properties, including the ability to regulate blood sugar levels, effects on microorganisms, antioxidant effect, potential role in losing weight, ability to regulate blood lipids, application in flour products such as bread and Chinese noodles, challenges such as dark color, rough texture, and poor solubility, and potential solutions that include modification methods. The primary purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of dietary fibers in flour products, addressing common problems and reviewing potential solutions to promote further study and applications of dietary fibers.
Role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) in excitation–contraction coupling in the heart (2006)

Calcium (Ca(2+)) is the central second messenger in the translation of electrical signals into mechanical activity of the heart. This highly coordinated process, termed excitation-contraction coupling or ECC, is based on Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In recent years it has become increasingly clear that several Ca(2+)-dependent proteins contribute to the fine tuning of ECC. One of these is the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) of which CaMKII is the predominant cardiac isoform. During ECC CaMKII phosphorylates several Ca(2+) handling proteins with multiple functional consequences. CaMKII may also be co-localized to distinct target proteins. CaMKII expression as well as activity are reported to be increased in heart failure and CaMKII overexpression can exert distinct and novel effects on ECC in the heart and in isolated myocytes of animals. In the present review we summarize important aspects of the role of CaMKII in ECC with an emphasis on recent novel findings.
Letter-to-sound rules for automatic translation of english text to phonetics (1976)

Speech synthesizers for computer voice output are most useful when not restricted to a prestored vocabulary. The simplest approach to unrestricted text-to-speech translation uses a small set of letter-to-sound rules, each specifying a pronunciation for one or more letters in some context. Unless this approach yields sufficient intelligibility, routine addition of text-to-speech translation to computer systems is unlikely, since more elaborate approaches, embodying large pronunciation dictionaries or linguistic analysis, require too much of the available computing resources. The work here described demonstrates the practicality of routine text-to-speech translation. A set of 329 letter-to-sound rules has been developed. These translate English text into the international phonetic alphabet (IPA), producing correct pronunciations for approximately 90 percent of the words, or nearly 97 percent of the phonemes, in an average text sample. Most of the remaining words have single errors easily correctable by the listener. Another set of rules translates IPA into the phonetic coding for a particular commercial speech synthesizer. This report describes the technical approach used and the support hardware and software developed. It gives overall performance figures, detailed statistics showing the importance of each rule, and listings of a translation program and another used in rule development.
Application of the Synthetic Aminosugars for Glycodiversification:  Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Pyranmycin (2004)

A divergent approach was employed for the synthesis of aminosugars, from which a novel library of aminoglycoside antibiotics (pyranmycins) was synthesized. Pyranmycins have comparable antibacterial activity as neomycin, a clinically used aminoglycoside antibiotic, against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. In addition, pyranmycins, like streptomycin, are bacteriocidal while isoniazid (INH) is bacteriostatic. Therefore, pyranmycins may provide new therapeutic options in the treatment against tuberculosis. Several members of pyranmycins also manifest modest anti-Tat and anti-Rev activities, which may aid in the development of new anti-HIV agents. Although the antibacterial activity of pyranmycins against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria is less than expected, the synthetic methodologies of utilizing a library of aminosugars can be a model for future studies of glycodiversification or glycorandomization.
Dependence of Device Structures on Latchup Immunity in a High-Voltage 40-V CMOS Process With Drain-Extended MOSFETs (2007)

The dependence of device structures on latchup immunity in a 0.25-mum high-voltage (HV) 40-V CMOS process with drain-extended MOS (DEMOS) transistors has been verified with silicon test chips and investigated with device simulation. Layout parameters such as anode-to-cathode spacing and guard ring width are also investigated to find their impacts on latchup immunity. It was demonstrated that the drain-extended NMOS with a specific isolated device structure can greatly enhance the latchup immunity. The proposed test structures and simulation methodologies can be applied to extract safe and compact design rule for latchup prevention of DEMOS transistors in HV CMOS process
Characterization of low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy grown GaBiAs layers (2007)

GaBiAs layers with Bi content reaching 8.4% are grown by MBE technique at low temperatures. All layers were of p-type with carrier densities ranging from 3 × 1014 to 2 × 1015 cm−3 and resistivities exceeding 60 Ω cm. Energy bandgap of the gallium bismide alloys as determined from spectral measurements of the optical absorption, photoconductivity and photoluminescence decreases linearly with increasing Bi content. Optical pump–terahertz probe measurements made on these layers show that the carrier density dynamics is best described by a double-exponential decay. The shorter of the time constants corresponds to the electron trapping and the longer time constant corresponds to the trap emptying times. It has been found that the electron trapping cross-section is of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding parameter for As-antisite traps in LTG GaAs; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that As antisites play a significant role in carrier recombination processes in GaBiAs, too.
Lloyd's mirror interferometer using a single-mode fiber spatial filter (2013)

An ultraviolet single-mode fiber is used for beam transport, spatial filtering, and beam expansion for a Lloyd's mirror interferometer for laser interference lithography. Polarized laser light at 325 nm from a HeCd laser was coupled to a nonpolarization-maintaining step-index fiber, which preserved the linear polarization with an extinction ratio exceeding 100:1. The linear polarization direction of the output beam was remotely adjusted by a half-wave plate in front of the laser. The output beam profile matched the predicted far-field distribution of the single LP01 mode step-index fiber, with a numerical aperture of 0.09 at 325 nm. By illuminating a Lloyd's mirror interferometer with the beam produced by a single fiber, line/space photoresist patterns with a pitch of 220 nm were demonstrated. Various mechanical and optical aspects that may be helpful to other research groups which are building a simple but stable interference lithography system of this technique are discussed.
High-pressure, thermal-pulse, liquid flow meter (1985)

A liquid flow meter for operation at high pressures is described. The meter uses a thermal pulse with time-of-flight detection to measure the flow rate. The thermal-pulse generator and detector are located outside a metal capillary tube.
Minimizing the Average Number of Inspections for Detecting Rare Items in Finite Populations (2011)

Frequently one has to search within a finite population for a single particular individual or item with a rare characteristic. Whether an item possesses the characteristic can only be determined by inspection. The availability of additional information about the items in the population opens the way to more effective inspection than just random or complete inspection of the population. We will assume that the available information allows for the assignment to all items within the population of a prior probability on whether or not it possesses the rare characteristic. This is consistent with the practice of using profiling to select high risk items for inspection. The objective is to find the specific item with a minimal number of inspections. We will determine the optimal inspection strategies for several models according to the average number of inspections needed to find the specific item. Furthermore, an ordering of these models by their average number of inspections is derived. Finally, the use, some discussion, extensions, and examples of the results and conclusions are presented.
Metal Phthalocyanine Nanoribbons and Nanowires (2006)

Nanoribbons and nanowires of different metal phthalocyanines (copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, and zinc), as well as copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F(16)CuPc), have been grown by organic vapor-phase deposition. Their properties, as a function of substrate type, source-to-substrate distance, and substrate temperature, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and absorption measurements. The size and morphology of the nanostructures were found to be mainly determined by the substrate temperature. The crystal structure was dependent on the substrate temperature as well. At substrate temperatures below 200 degrees C, in addition to straight nanoribbons, twisted nanoribbons were found for all investigated materials except F(16)CuPc, which formed helical nanoribbons upon exposure to an electron beam. The formation of different nanostructures (nanoribbons, twisted nanoribbons, and helical nanoribbons) is discussed.
Deep Depth Completion of a Single RGB-D Image (2018)

The goal of our work is to complete the depth channel of an RGB-D image. Commodity-grade depth cameras often fail to sense depth for shiny, bright, transparent, and distant surfaces. To address this problem, we train a deep network that takes an RGB image as input and predicts dense surface normals and occlusion boundaries. Those predictions are then combined with raw depth observations provided by the RGB-D camera to solve for depths for all pixels, including those missing in the original observation. This method was chosen over others (e.g., inpainting depths directly) as the result of extensive experiments with a new depth completion benchmark dataset, where holes are filled in training data through the rendering of surface reconstructions created from multiview RGB-D scans. Experiments with different network inputs, depth representations, loss functions, optimization methods, inpainting methods, and deep depth estimation networks show that our proposed approach provides better depth completions than these alternatives.
Neural TTS Stylization with Adversarial and Collaborative Games (2018)

The modeling of style when synthesizing natural human speech from text has been the focus of signiﬁcant attention. Some state-of-the-art approaches train an encoder-decoder network on paired text and audio samples hxtxt, xaudi by encouraging its output to reconstruct xaud. The synthesized audio waveform is expected to contain the verbal content of xtxt and the auditory style of xaud. Unfortunately, modeling style in TTS is somewhat under-determined and training models with a reconstruction loss alone is insufﬁcient to disentangle content and style from other factors of variation. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end TTS model that offers enhanced content-style disentanglement ability and controllability. We achieve this by combining a pairwise training procedure, an adversarial game, and a collaborative game into one training scheme. The adversarial game concentrates the true data distribution, and the collaborative game minimizes the distance between real samples and generated samples in both the original space and the latent space. As a result, our model delivers a highly controllable generator with disentangled representation. Beneﬁting from the separate modeling of style and content, our model can generate human ﬁdelity speech that satisﬁes the desired style conditions. Our model achieves start-of-the-art results across multiple tasks, including style transfer (content and style swapping), emotion modeling, and identity transfer (ﬁtting a new speaker’s voice).
ANALYSIS OF A CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE LOADED WITH DIELECTRIC AND METAL DISCS (2011)

A circular waveguide loaded with dielectric and metal discs was chosen to evaluate its dispersion characteristics and dispersion shaping with change of structure parameters for wideband coalescence of beam-and waveguide-mode dispersion characteristics for wideband gyro-TWT performance.
Virtualization Essentials (2012)

A full-color beginner's guide to the core concepts and skills of virtualizationVirtualization is the IT world's hottest trend in recent years, and many colleges do not yet have curricula in place to prepare students for this important area. This guide fills the need, with a learn-by-doing approach to mastering the core elements of virtualization. Each chapter clearly outlines what is covered, thoroughly discusses the concepts, and engages readers with hands-on tutorials. The book covers how virtualization software operates; hypervisor products; how to manage CPU, memory, storage, and networking; and much more.Fills the gap left by the many colleges and universities that are unprepared to educate IT students on virtualization, a megatrend in the IT worldCovers the fundamental concepts and skills, including how virtualization software operates within a computing environmentExplains the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors and tells how to create a virtual machine from scratch or by migrating from physical to virtualTells how to manage the basics and how to configure supporting devices for a virtual machineVirtualization Essentials gets IT students and practitioners up to speed on one of the most important aspects of today's IT environment.
Influence of ammonium chloride on growth and uptake of Fe, Cu, Zn and B in cotton grown in alkaline soil (2008)

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the influence of NH 4 Cl (AnalaR grade or commercial fertilizer) on soil pH and on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of cotton (cv. NIAB-Karishma) grown in alkaline soil. The experiment was carried out in a net-house under natural conditions. The soil used was clayey loam with pH 8.61, and ammonium chloride either from commercial fertilizer or of AnalaR grade (both containing up to 25% N) was applied in three split doses, after germination (10 days), at the vegetative stage (40 days) and at the flowering stage (80 days) @ 6, 12 and 18 kg ha −1 . The application of NH 4 Cl decreased the soil pH and increased the plant height and cotton yield plant −1 . Plants treated with NH 4 Cl AnalaR grade produced higher yields as compared to NH 4 Cl commercial fertilizer. The uptake of micronutrients such as Fe, Cu, Zn and B was enhanced by NH 4 Cl application in both the stem and leaves of cotton. However, AnalaR grade NH 4 Cl proved more effective than NH 4 Cl commercial fertilizer in all cases.
Efficient Resource Allocation with Flexible Channel Cooperation in OFDMA Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

Recently, a cooperative paradigm for single-channel cognitive radio networks has been advocated, where primary users can leverage secondary users to relay their traffic. However, it is not clear how such cooperation can be exploited in multi-channel networks effectively. Conventional cooperation entails that data on one channel has to be relayed on exactly the same channel, which is inefficient in multi-channel networks with channel and user diversity. Moreover, the selfishness of users complicates the critical resource allocation problem, as both parties target at maximizing their own utility. This work represents the first attempt to address these challenges. We propose FLEC, a novel design of flexible channel cooperation. It allows secondary users to freely optimize the use of channels for transmitting primary data along with their own data, in order to maximize performance. Further, we formulate a unifying optimization framework based on Nash Bargaining Solutions to fairly and efficiently address resource allocation between primary and secondary networks, in both decentralized and centralized settings. We present an optimal distributed algorithm and sub-optimal centralized heuristics, and verify their effectiveness via realistic simulations.
A VLSI architecture for hierarchical motion estimation (1995)

Motion estimation is the critical path in compression algorithms, and several dedicated hardware solutions have been proposed for its acceleration. In this paper we present an innovative VLSI architecture for motion estimation that combines a low implementation cost with real-time performance for videoconferencing and DTV standards. To minimize computational load and architecture requirements, we adopt a three-step hierarchical search algorithm, that provides a quality comparable with more expensive full-search techniques. The proposed solution focuses on architectural efficiency by employing a minimum set of functional units (three simple processing units, one minimum unit, and four programmable delay lines), still supporting real-time performance for videoconferencing standards. In addition we show how to combine parallel motion estimation units for backward-forward prediction (MPEG) and for higher throughput standards (DTV).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[The use of buprenorphine in the postoperative period in heart surgery. Evaluation of its efficacy and tolerance]. (1989)

Twenty patients were studied in the early post-operative period after cardiac surgery with sternotomy. Buprenorphine was prescribed: 0.3 mg intra-muscularly after total recovery from anaesthesia (8th hour) then every 8 hours if requested during 72 hours. The patients auto-estimated their level of analgesia, the clinical effects were measured with regard to heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, and respiratory rate, before, 2 and 4 hours after each injection. Buprenorphine administration produces an effective, long lasting (8 to 12 hours) analgesia. No significant changes in haemodynamic or respiratory parameters were noticed. Side effects occurred rarely: 5 cases of drowsiness, reversible by verbal stimulation, 2 of nausea and sweats, 2 retentions of urine (after vesical catheter withdrawal). Parenteral buprenorphine is satisfactory for treatment of severe thoracic pain due to sternotomy, although the oral route would be safer during effective anticoagulant treatment.
Functional divergence between 2 chemokines is conferred by single amino acid change (2010)

CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 are 2 closely related CXC chemokines that exhibit potent antiangiogenic activity. Because interactions with glycosaminoglycans play a crucial role in chemokines activity, we determined the binding parameters of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 for heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate B. We further demonstrated that the Leu67/His67 substitution is critical for the decrease in glycan binding of CXCL4L1 but also for the increase of its angiostatic activities. Using a set of mutants, we show that glycan affinity and angiostatic properties are not completely related. These data are reinforced using a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes structural modifications in CXCL4L1 due to the presence of His67 and that blocks its biologic activity. In vivo, half-life and diffusibility of CXCL4L1 compared with CXCL4 is strongly increased. As opposed to CXCL4L1, CXCL4 is preferentially retained at its site of expression. These findings establish that, despite small differences in the primary structure, CXCL4L1 is highly distinct from CXCL4. These observations are not only of great significance for the antiangiogenic activity of CXCL4L1 and for its potential use in clinical development but also for other biologic processes such as inflammation, thrombosis or tissue repair.
Sapphyrin Supramolecules through C−H⋅⋅⋅S and C−H⋅⋅⋅Se Hydrogen Bonds—First Structural Characterization of meso- Arylsapphyrins Bearing Heteroatoms (1998)

An unprecedented coupling reaction of heteroatom-containing tripyrranes leads to the formation of core-modified sapphyrins 1 and 2, which self-assemble in the solid state to form supramolecular ladders. Weak C−H⋅⋅⋅S and C−H⋅⋅⋅Se hydrogen-bonding interactions in addition to C−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds are responsible for the observed structures.