gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes (1996)

Two morphologically distinct, H2- and CO2-utilizing methanogens were isolated from gut homogenates of the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes-flavipes (Kollar) (Rhinotermitidae). Strain RFM-1 was a short straight rod (0.4 by 1.2 micron), whereas strain RFM-2 was a slightly curved rod (0.34 by 1.6 microns) that possessed polar fibers. Their morphology, gram-positive staining reaction, resistance to cell lysis by chemical agents, and narrow range of utilizable substracts were typical of species belonging to the family Methanobacteriaceae. Analysis of the nearly complete sequences of the small-subunit rRNA-encoding genes confirmed this affiliation and supported their recognition as new species of Methanobrevibacter: M. cuticularis (RFM-1) and M. curvatus (RFM-2). The per cell rates of methanogenesis by strains RFM-1 and RFM-2 in vitro, taken together with their in situ population densities (ca. 10(6) cells.gut-1; equivalent to 10(9) cells . ml of gut fluid-1), could fully account for the rate of methane emission by the live termites. UV epifluorescence and electron microscopy confirmed that RFM-1- and RFM-2-type cells were the dominant methanogens in R.flavipes collected in Michigan (but were not the only methanogens associated with this species) and that they colonized the peripheral, microoxic region of the hindgut, i.e., residing on or near the hindgut epithelium and also attached to filamentous prokaryotes associated with the gut wall. An examination of their oxygen tolerance revealed that both strains possessed catalase-like activity. Moreover, when dispersed in tubes or agar medium under H2-CO2-O2 (75: 18.8:6.2, vol/vol/vol), both strains grew to form a thin plate about 6 mm below the meniscus, just beneath the oxic-anoxic interface. Such growth plates were capable of mediating a net consumption of O2 that otherwise penetrated much deeper into uninoculated control tubes. Similar results were obtained with an authentic strain of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus. This is the first detailed description of an important and often cited but poorly understood component of the termite gut microbiota.
Spontaneous neurological recovery after stroke and the fate of the ischemic penumbra (1996)

We prospectively tested the hypothesis that early recovery after ischemic stroke depends on the ultimate survival of functionally impaired, critically ischemic (i.e., "penumbral") tissue. From a series of 26 consecutive patients studied with positron emission tomography within 18 hours of first-ever stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory, all 11 survivors to the 2-month end point who exhibited increased oxygen extraction fraction were declared eligible. The positron emission tomographic images were compared to ultimate infarction defined by computed tomography performed during the chronic stage. The penumbra (operationally defined by increased oxygen extraction fraction and divided outcome despite uniformly reduced cerebral blood flow) was individually detected in 10 of the 11 patients; cerebral blood flow ranged from 7 to 17 ml/100 gm x min, consistent with that found in monkey studies. The volume of the penumbra that escaped infarction was highly correlated with neurological recovery (p < 0.04 to p < 0.0001, depending on the scale used). This longitudinal study is the first to characterize the penumbra in humans and to document one mechanism strongly influencing recovery; the surviving penumbra may offer opportunities for secondary perifocal neuronal reorganization. Therapeutic measures to prevent infarction of the penumbra (up to 16 hours in this series) may have reduced residual neurological impairment. Mapping the extent of the penumbra, according to prospective criteria, may allow one to predict each patient's potential for recovery, and to select the most appropriate candidates for therapeutic trials.
A novel grid interface, optimized for utility-scale applications of photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems (1995)

Utility-interactive photovoltaic, wind-electric and fuel-cell systems are being planned at sufficiently large power levels. The technical and economic feasibility of such systems partially depends on the reliability, cost, and the efficiency of their grid interface. Here, a novel interface, which takes advantage of the system conditions in a utility-scale application is presented. The paper describes the basic principle of operation and characteristics. It is shown that the Total Harmonic Distortion in the line currents meets the 5 percent limit recommended by the IEEE. 519-1992, with one-third the high frequency switch kVA ratings as compared to other topologies. Various options are discussed for utility-scale applications. Simulation results for a 25 kW unit are presented. The new conceptual circuit is validated by a prototype hardware design at the 2.2 kW power level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automotive Electric Fault Diagnostic Flow and Analytic Method(I) (2008)

Automotive fault,automotive fault diagnosis and diagnostic standard of automotive fault,are redefined. Common flow and analytic way of automotive electric fault diagnosis are introduced. Operating such equipment as fault diagnostic apparatus,oscillograph and multi-meter;measurement data analysis and circuit analysis are also elaborated with examples.
Smoking Cessation and Weight Loss After Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens (2009)

This study supports the idea of compulsivity with common circuitry in the processing of diverse rewards and suggests that deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens could be a possible treatment of patients with a dependency not responding to currently available treatments.
Generation of Highly Stable Microwave Signals Based on Regenerative Fiber Mode Locking Laser (2010)

Microwave signal generation based on regenerative fiber mode-locked laser is proposed. The excellent stability proved by noise performance at X-band is guaranteed at ultrahigh frequencies (above W band) where electronic generators strongly degrade.
The Link between Facial Feedback and Neural Activity within Central Circuitries of Emotion—New Insights from Botulinum Toxin–Induced Denervation of Frown Muscles (2008)

Afferent feedback from muscles and skin has been suggested to influence our emotions during the control of facial expressions. Recent imaging studies have shown that imitation of facial expressions is associated with activation in limbic regions such as the amygdala. Yet, the physiological interaction between this limbic activation and facial feedback remains unclear. To study if facial feedback effects on limbic brain responses during intentional imitation of facial expressions, we applied botulinum toxin (BTX)-induced denervation of frown muscles in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging as a reversible lesion model to minimize the occurrence of afferent muscular and cutaneous input. We show that, during imitation of angry facial expressions, reduced feedback due to BTX treatment attenuates activation of the left amygdala and its functional coupling with brain stem regions implicated in autonomic manifestations of emotional states. These findings demonstrate that facial feedback modulates neural activity within central circuitries of emotion during intentional imitation of facial expressions. Given that people tend to mimic the emotional expressions of others, this could provide a potential physiological basis for the social transfer of emotion.
International GPS Service for Geodynamics (1996)

This 1995 annual report of the IGS International GPS (Global Positioning System) Service for Geodynamics - describes the second operational year of the service. It provides the many IGS contributing agencies and the rapidly growing user community with essential information on current organizational and technical matters promoting the IGS standards and products (including organizational framework, data processing strategies, and statistics showing the remarkable expansion of the GPS monitoring network, the improvement of IGS performance, and product quality). It also introduces important practical concepts for network densification by integration of regional stations and the combination of station coordinate solutions. There are groups of articles describing general aspects of the IGS, the Associate Analysis Centers (AACs), Data Centers, and IGS stations.
Pulse-to-Pulse Coherent Doppler Sonar Signal Processing Techniques (1984)

In this paper we present and discuss techniques for the computation of the mean and spectral variance of a pulse-to-pulse coherent sonar signal, leading to the measurement of mean water velocity and turbulence. The use of an autocovariance algorithm associated with a dual-pulse repetition rate (PRF) method is recommended. The dual-PRF method allows removal of velocity ambiguities due to signal sampling and also offers a convenient means for the estimation and removal of the receiver noise which otherwise would strongly bias the spectral variance measurements. The performances of the method are illustrated by presentation and discussion of data acquired in a tidal flow.
Chemical Constituents of the Male Flower of <i>Alnus pendula</i> (BETULACEAE) (1972)

Abstract The structure of alnustone (1) isolated from the male flower of Alnus pendula Matsum. has been established to be 1,7-diphenyl-1,3-heptadien-5-one. Previously-known compounds, β-phenylethyl cinnamate (6), cinnamaldehyde, benzylacetone, β-phenylethyl alcohol, pinocembrin (7), pinostrobin (8), alpinetin (9), galangin (11), pinosylvin (13), and its monomethyl ether (14), eugenol, chavicol, cinnamic acid, β-phenylpropionic acid, and benzoic acid, were identified along with the above new ketone.
Cancer in developing countries. (1994)

The developing countries are represented by incidence and mortality datasets from 16 populations. Trends are studied using age specific data from six cancer registries (three in Asia, three in Latin America) and national mortality datasets from Central and South America (three), the Caribbean (two), Asia (two) and Mauritius. In Africa, three cancer registries (in Nigeria, Uganda and Zimbabwe) provide time series of 15 years or more. Systematic examination of time trends is confined to five major sites (stomach, lung, breast, cervix uteri and colon-rectum), with a comment on observed trends in the other important cancers of developing countries (mouth/pharynx, oesophagus and liver). Although uniformity is not to be expected in such diverse material, some overall patterns emerge. Stomach cancer, as in the developed world, appears to be declining in importance. Lung cancer rates are rising, although in males, the increases are most marked in the elderly, with more recent birth cohorts in several populations showing a decline in risk. Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are rising in most populations, with changes usually more marked in younger women. Conversely, cervix cancer, at present the most common cancer of women in developing countries, shows declines in incidence and mortality in the majority of populations studied, although Africa is clearly an exception. Cancer of the large bowel is becoming more frequent, although there are exceptions (eg Bombay, Mauritius and Trinidad). In the highest risk population (Uruguay), mortality seems to have peaked around 1965 and has since declined.
A review of multimodal biometric systems: Fusion methods and their applications (2015)

Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data of human body for increasing systems security by providing accurate and reliable patterns and algorithms for person verification and identification and its solutions are widely used in governments, military and industries. Single source of information in biometric systems are called unimodal systems and are perfect but they often suffer from some problems when they face with noisy data such as: intra-class variations, restricted degrees of freedom, spoof attacks and non-universality. Several of these problems can be solved by using multimodal biometric systems that combine two or more biometric modalities. Various methods, fusion levels and integration strategies can be applied to combine information in multimodal systems.
Hydrogen Bonding in Micelle Formation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Bonding in Micelle FormationPushpa Venkatesan, Yuan Cheng, and Daniel KahneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6955–6956Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, AntiBacteriol, and Antifungal Activities of Some New Benzimidazoles (1992)

1,2-Diaminobenzimidazoles 2 were synthesized by N-amination of 2-aminobenzimidazoles 1 with hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid. Substituted 1-alkyl and 1-alkylarylbenzimidazoles 3 were prepared from various benzimidazoles by alkylating with the corresponding alkyl halides. As an example, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (34) was N-aminated with O-(mesitylenesulphonyl)-hydroxylamine to give 5,6-dimethyl-l-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-aminobenzimidazoliuni mesitylenesulphonate (6). Compounds 4, 7 and 5 are derivatives of 1,2-(5-nitro-2-furfurylideneamino)-benzimidazoles and were synthesized by the carbonyl-amine condensation of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde with appropriate 1,2-diaminobenzimidazoles 2 and 2-aminobenzimidazoles 1 and 3, respectively. An attempt to prepare the derivative of 3-(5-nitro-2-furfurylidenamino)-benzimidazolium mesitylenesulphonate (8) from compounds 6 was unsuccessful. The antiMicrobiol activities of the above compounds were screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi. The general structure-activity relationships of tested benzimidazoles 3–7 were determined.
Control system for an MRI compatible intracavitary ultrasound array for thermal treatment of prostate disease (2001)

A 16-channel ultrasound intracavitary array is currently being used in a clinical setting for localized hyperthermia treatment of prostate tumours. Currently, the individual power to each array element is adjusted based on the clinician's judgement of the temperature measured at the locations of invasive thermocouple probes. MRI-derived temperature measurements may be useful for a feedback control system that non-invasively regulates the temperature distribution by adjusting the power to the elements of the array. MRI has been shown to provide accurate, high resolution, non-invasive thermometry. A proportional-plus-integral, single-input, single-output controller was designed to evaluate the feasibility of MRI-derived temperature feedback with this applicator. Input parameters for the controller were determined by modelling the tissue response to the heating from the array. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments evaluated the ability of the MRI-based temperature feedback control system to achieve and maintain a target temperature for a sustained period similar to that of a clinical hyperthermia treatment. With the controller set to a reference temperature of 43 degrees C and a rise time of 6 min, the temperatures within the ex vivo tissue (n = 6) were 43.1 +/- 0.3 degrees C after reaching the reference temperature and had a rise time of 9.5 +/- 0.3 min. In vivo results using rabbit thigh muscle (n = 7) showed that the steady state temperatures were within +/- 1 degree C of their target temperatures. These results demonstrated the feasibility of a temperature feedback for controlling the heating from an intracavitary transrectal array based on temperature information from MR images.
Novel Millimeter Wave Transition From Microstrip Line to Groove Gap Waveguide for MMIC Packaging and Antenna Integration (2017)

In this letter, a new microstrip line to groove gap waveguide (GGW) transition has been proposed. The transition is based on a resonant cavity, which efficiently helps to couple the field from microstrip line to GGW. In this transition, the microstrip section is extended into the cavity without any requirement of contact with the GGW. Such contactless transition inside the waveguide is advantageous as it allows easy packaging and integration of millimeter wave circuitry with gap waveguide components such as filters and array antennas. Alumina ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon _{r}=9.9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) was used as the microstrip substrate for the proposed transition in this letter. Measured results for the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band transition show a relative bandwidth of 26% for a return loss better than 10 dB. The maximum insertion loss of the manufactured back-to-back prototype is found to be 1.32 dB, which also includes the losses of a 5.45-mm-long microstrip line on an Alumina substrate. After subtracting the losses in the microstrip section, the losses in a single transition are found to be varying between 0.145 and 0.38 dB over the bandwidth.
An All-Ultrasound-Based System for Real-Time Monitoring and Sonication of Temperature Change and Ablation (2006)

Previously, we introduced a new harmonic motion imaging (HMI) technique for simultaneous monitoring and generation of ultrasound therapy treatment using a single element focused-ultrasound and one pulse-echo transducer. The new HMI technique uses an amplitude-modulated beam (instead of using two beams) that has a stable focal zone for the applied harmonic radiation force. The harmonic radiation force was generated by a 4.68 MHz focused transducer and a 7.5 MHz pulse-echo transducer was used to acquire RF echoes. The RF echoes were recorded and used to estimate tissue displacements during sonication. The new HMI technique has been shown to provide tissue displacement information during ultrasound therapy. In this paper, a study on the temperature dependence of the new HMI method is presented. The sonication time used applied was approximately equal to 80 seconds at maximum acoustic intensity of 658 W/cm2 at the focus. The experiments were performed on bovine tissues in vitro. The results show that the temperature elevation at the focal zone during sonication rises rapidly until it reaches a temperature higher than 50 degrees C, which produces tissue damage. The new HMI technique provides temperature-related tissue displacement changes using the same transducer, which makes it simple for monitoring temperature rise and lesions formation during high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment.
Si/C Composites as Negative Electrode for High Energy Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Abstract Silicon is very promising negative electrode materials for improving the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries ( LIBs ) because of its high specific capacity, moderate potential, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the volume variation of Si negative electrodes is huge during lithiation/delithiation processes which results in pulverization, low cycling efficiency, and permanent capacity loss. In order to overcome this problem, tremendous efforts have been attempted. Among them the most successful strategy is to incorporate other components into silicon to form composite, especially the carbon medium. In this mini review, the recent progress on Si/C materials used as negative electrode of LIBs is summarized such as Si/amorphous carbon composite, Si/graphene composites, Si/carbon nanotubes or fibers composites. The fabrication, structure, electrochemical performances of different Si/C composites are discussed. In addition, some future directions are pointed out.
Preparation and Optimization of Triptolide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery with Reduced Gastric Irritation (2013)

Triptolide (TP) often causes adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract when it is administered orally. This study aimed to prepare and optimize triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TP-SLN) with reduced gastric irritation. The microemulsion technique was used to formulate TP-SLN employing a five-level central composite design (CCD) that was developed for exploring the optimum levels of three independent variables on particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). Quadratic polynomial models were generated to predict and evaluate the three independent variables with respect to the three responses. The optimized TP-SLN was predicted to comprise fraction of lipid of 49.73%, surfactant to co-surfactant ratio of 3.25, and lipid to drug ratio of 55.27, which showed particle size of 179.8 ± 5.7 nm, EE of 56.5 ± 0.18% and DL of 1.02 ± 0.003% that were in good agreement with predicted values. In addition, the optimized nanoparticles manifested a sustained-release pattern in vitro and were stable during 3 h of incubation in simulated gastric fluids without significant size change and the majority (91%) of the drug was protected. Furthermore, the nanoparticles did not show obvious gastric irritation caused by oral administration of TP in rats.
Clinical risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (1991)

Using information on clinical risk factors provided through the medical record linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we conducted a population-based case-control study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the period 1960 to 1974, we identified 415 newly diagnosed cases of AD among residents of Rochester, Minnesota, and matched one community control to each case based on age, sex, and duration of community medical record. We estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression for several potential clinical risk factors of AD. Among more than 20 clinical risk factors that were evaluated, the only statistically significant findings were for episodic depression, personality disorder, and hypertension.