gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verbs semantics and lexical selection (1994)

This paper will focus on the semantic representation of verbs in computer systems and its impact on lexical selection problems in machine translation (MT). Two groups of English and Chinese verbs are examined to show that lexical selection must be based on interpretation of the sentences as well as selection restrictions placed on the verb arguments. A novel representation scheme is suggested, and is compared to representations with selection restrictions used in transfer-based MT. We see our approach as closely aligned with knowledge-based MT approaches (KBMT), and as a separate component that could be incorporated into existing systems. Examples and experimental results will show that, using this scheme, inexact matches can achieve correct lexical selection.
The Significant Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro (2007)

We tested the cardiomyogenic potential of the human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs). Both the number and function of stem cells may be depressed in senile patients with severe coronary risk factors. Therefore, stem cells obtained from such patients may not function well. For this reason, UCBMSCs are potentially a new cell source for stem cell-based therapy, since such cells can be obtained from younger populations and are being routinely utilized for clinical patients. The human UCBMSCs (5 x 10(3) per cm(2)) were cocultured with fetal murine cardiomyocytes ([CM] 1 x 10(5) per cm(2)). On day 5 of cocultivation, approximately half of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled UCBMSCs contracted rhythmically and synchronously, suggesting the presence of electrical communication between the UCBMSCs. The fractional shortening of the contracted UCBMSCs was 6.5% +/- 0.7% (n = 20). The UCBMSC-derived cardiomyocytes stained positive for cardiac troponin-I (clear striation +) and connexin 43 (diffuse dot-like staining at the margin of the cell) by the immunocytochemical method. Cardiac troponin-I positive cardiomyocytes accounted for 45% +/- 3% of GFP-labeled UCBMSCs. The cardiomyocyte-specific long action potential duration (186 +/- 12 milliseconds) was recorded with a glass microelectrode from the GFP-labeled UCBMSCs. CM were observed in UCBMSCs, which were cocultivated in the same dish with mouse cardiomyocytes separated by a collagen membrane. Cell fusion, therefore, was not a major cause of CM in the UCBMSCs. Approximately half of the human UCBMSCs were successfully transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. UCBMSCs can be a promising cellular source for cardiac stem cell-based therapy. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A prospective study of central venous hemodialysis catheter colonization and peripheral bacteremia. (1999)

Bacterial colonization of central venous catheters often leads to bacteremia. The time between insertion and colonization is very variable, but is universally present after 16 weeks. The risk of subsequent bacteremia is related not only to time left in situ, but also the degree of colonization. Surveillance cultures would allow clinicians to detect colonization before bacteremia occurs and take preventative measures.
Emerging triboelectric nanogenerators for ocean wave energy harvesting: state of the art and future perspectives (2020)

This review details the groundwork made in the most recent years on the development of TENGs for wave energy conversion systems and discusses future perspectives in the scope of autonomous, self-powered sensor buoys and other offshore floating platforms.
Characterization of Standard Cells for Intra-Cell Mismatch Variations (2009)

With the adoption of statistical timing across industry, there is a need to characterize all gates/cells in a digital library for delay variation (referred to as statistical characterization). Statistical characterization needs to be performed efficiently with acceptable accuracy as a function of several process and environmental parameter variations. In this paper, we propose an approach to consider intra-cell process mismatch variations to characterize a cell's delay and output transition time (output slew) variations. A straightforward approach to address this problem is to model these mismatch variations by characterizing for each device fluctuation separately. However, the runtime complexity for such characterization becomes of the order of number of devices in the cell and the number of simulations required can easily become infeasible. We analyze the fluctuations in switching and nonswitching devices and their impact on delay variations. Using these properties of the devices, we propose a clustering approach to characterize for cell's delay variations due to intra-cell mismatch variations. The proposed approach results in as much as 12X runtime improvement with acceptable accuracy, compared with Monte Carlo simulation. We show that this approach ensures an upper bound on the results while keeping the number of simulations for each cell independent of the number of devices.
A comparative study of the ribosomal RNA operons of<i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>A3(2) and sequence analysis of<i>rrnA</i> (1991)

S. coelicolor A3(2) contains six ribosomal RNA operons. Here we describe the cloning of rrnA, rrnC and rrnE, thereby completing the cloning of all operons. Southern hybridisation of genomic DNA with a heterologous probe from the E.coli rrnB 16S rRNA gene showed differences in hybridisation among the six rRNA operon-containing bands. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and the upstream region of rrnA was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of rrnD, showing that the 16S rRNA genes are 99% identical. Substantial differences were found, however, in the upstream regions corresponding to the P1 and P2 promoters of rrnD. Southern analysis showed that some of the other rRNA operons of S.coelicolor A3(2) also differed in this part of the upstream region.
Optimizing the location of dispersion compensators in periodically amplified fiber links in the presence of third-order nonlinear effects (1996)

In order to minimize third-order nonlinear effects while compensating dispersion in a periodically amplified link, it is more effective to place a single dispersion compensator at the end of the link than to individually compensate each segment. The improvement obtained by using the former approach instead of the latter one, defined as the ratio of the powers of the four-wave mixing products in the two cases, is (sin N u/N sin u)/sup 2/ where N is the number of segments, and u represents phase mismatch. We have experimentally verified this conclusion, by performing a cross-phase modulation experiment in a two-segment link.
Evidence for skin microvascular compartmentalization by laser-Doppler and photoplethysmographic techniques. (1993)

Indices of perfusion were obtained using commercial laser-Doppler instruments with differing wavelengths on metatarsal skin of sheep (which is abundant with AVAs) and compared with quantitative measurements of AVA and capillary blood flow using microspheres; an infra-red photoplethysmograph was also compared. The data provide physiological evidence that laser-Doppler instruments of longer wavelength sense to a greater depth, and our photoplethysmograph behaves similarly to a "near-infra-red" laser. Thus, we suggest that near-infra-red light, either laser-Doppler or photoplethysmograph, should be used to measure a parameter most representative of total local blood flow, and light of a very much shorter wavelength, probably green light, would allow more confidence in estimates of true capillary perfusion. Because the commonly used visible red light can, but does not necessarily detect deep AVA perfusion, the influence depending upon the magnitude of the AVA perfusion, measurements by an instrument based on such red light is difficult to define.
Simultaneous near-infrared diffusive light and ultrasound imaging (2001)

We have constructed a near-real-time combined imager suitable for simultaneous ultrasound and near-infrared diffusive light imaging and coregistration. The imager consists of a combined hand-held probe and the associated electronics for data acquisition. A two-dimensional ultrasound array is deployed at the center of the combined probe, and 12 dual-wavelength laser source fibers (780 and 830 nm) and 8 optical detector fibers are deployed at the periphery. We have experimentally evaluated the effects of missing optical sources in the middle of the combined probe on the accuracy of the reconstructed optical absorption coefficient and assessed the improvements of a reconstructed absorption coefficient with the guidance of the coregistered ultrasound. The results have shown that, when the central ultrasound array area is in the neighborhood of 2 cm x 2 cm, which corresponds to the size of most commercial ultrasound transducers, the optical imaging is not affected. The results have also shown that the iterative inversion algorithm converges quickly with the guidance of a priori three-dimensional target distribution, and only one iteration is needed to reconstruct an accurate optical absorption coefficient.
Intracellular Ca2+ buffers disrupt muscarinic suppression of Ca2+ current and M current in rat sympathetic neurons. (1991)

The role of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the muscarinic suppression of Ca2+ current and M-type K+ current has been investigated in isolated rat sympathetic neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and fura-2 fluorescence measurements. Muscarinic stimulation suppressed currents without raising [Ca2+]i. Nonetheless, intracellular bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (BAPTA) (11-12 mM), a Ca2+ chelator, reduced Ca2(+)-current suppression from 82 to 15%. For the latter, we explain the BAPTA action by a requirement for a certain minimum [Ca2+]i for continued operation of the pathway coupling muscarinic receptors to M-type K+ channels. The pathway coupling muscarinic receptors to Ca channels also showed some dependence on [Ca2+]i, but there may also be a blocking action of BAPTA that is independent of Ca2+ chelation.
Studies on cyanine dyes. IV. Synthesis of new styryl oxa‐cyanine dyes (1976)

Abstract The condensation reaction of benzoxazole‐2‐carboxaldehyde (I) with quaternary salts of heterocyclic compounds, in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst, afforded styryl cyanines (II). Interaction of (I) with the non‐quaternised heterocyclic compounds at a longer time gave the corresponding dimethine bases (III). On the other hand, benzoxazole‐2‐carboxaldehyde‐3‐ethiodide (IV) interacted with quaternised and non‐quaternised heterocyclic compounds achieved styryl cyanines of the type (V) and (VI), respectively. Absorption spectra for these compounds in EtOH are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum Nanowire–Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures (2007)

Pt nanowire−carbon nanotube heteronanostructures were formed from single-crystal platinum nanowires, grown, in situ, on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, using a “green” chemical procedure at room temperature. The surface density of Pt NWs on MWCNTs can be effectively modulated by controlling the CNT weight ratio to the Pt precursor.
Flow Injection Analysis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow Injection AnalysisJaromir RůžičkaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 11, 1040A–1053APublication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online6 June 2012Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00261a723https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00261a723research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, XI: Synthese α‐glycosidisch verknüpfter Disaccharide der 2‐Amino‐2‐desoxy‐<scp>D</scp>‐galactopyranose (1978)

Abstract Durch Epoxidöffnung von 1,6;2,3‐Dianhydro‐β‐ D ‐talopyranose ( 1 ) mit Natriumazid ist das Derivat 3 der 2‐Azido‐2‐desoxy‐ D ‐galactose zugänglich, das über 6 und 9 + 10 in das α‐Bromid 13 umgewandelt werden kann. Inversion von 13 mit Tetraethylammoniumchlorid führt zum β‐Chlorid 14 , das direkt zur selektiven α‐Glycosidsynthese geeignet ist: Mit 5 bildet 14 das Disaccharid 15 , mit 25 das Disaccharid 26 . Beide Verbindungen liefern nach Entblockierung die α‐1→3‐verknüpften Aminozucker‐Disaccharide 20 bzw. 31 . Aus 16 + 17 ist das α‐Bromid 21 zu gewinnen, das als reaktiver Disaccharid‐Synthesebaustein an andere Saccharide anknüpfbar ist.
Short-range radio-telemetry for electronic identification, using modulated RF backscatter (1975)

An electronic identification system which uses modulated backscatter from an RF beam-powered tag is described. A subcarrier is used in the return signal format to allow separation from the background clutter and to allow use of a novel method to avoid RF phase problems.
A guide for ventricular catheter placement (1985)

✓ The author describes a device designed to guide a catheter into the anterior ventricular system.
Discharge ignition in the micro-cathode arc thruster (2017)

The breakdown mechanism in the Micro-Cathode Arc Thruster has been studied to better understand the nature of the discharge ignition and to extend the ignition system lifetime. It has been found that optimal material selection of the insulator is an important factor during breakdown. Two opposite processes have been found to cycle during operation. The processes are degradation of the conductive film from the inter-electrode interface and re-deposition of the conductive film due to cathode spot erosion. Initial resistances were found to vary from hundreds of ohms to thousands of ohms based on the initial connectivity of the film to the electrodes. After initial breakdown however, resistances have been found to stabilize in a typical pattern. Materials capable of withstanding high temperatures, high pressures, and smooth surfaces are shown to be beneficial for extending thruster lifetime.
Diastereoselective Additions of Allylmetal Reagents to Free and Protected <i>syn</i>-<b>α,β</b>-Dihydroxyketones Enable Efficient Synthetic Routes to Methyl Trioxacarcinoside A (2012)

Two routes to the 2,6-dideoxysugar methyl trioxacarcinoside A are described. Each was enabled by an apparent α-chelation-controlled addition of an allylmetal reagent to a ketone substrate containing a free α-hydroxyl group and a β-hydroxyl substituent, either free or protected as the corresponding di-tert-butylmethyl silyl ether. Both routes provide practical access to gram quantities of trioxacarcinose A in a form suitable for glycosidic coupling reactions.
Epoch-by-Epoch Positioning and Navigation (2000)

Geodetics, Inc. has developed a new class of 
instantaneous, real-time GPS positioning algorithms based 
on dual frequency phase and pseudorange data, which we 
call Epoch-by-EpochAEE positioning. The main advantage 
of this approach over traditional real-time methods is that 
integer-cycle phase ambiguities are independently 
estimated for each and every observation epoch, allowing 
precise positions (1-2 cm horizontal and 5-10 cm vertical) 
to be estimated given only a single epoch of data from two 
or more receivers, in either baseline or network mode. Our 
algorithms are extremely efficient  a single epoch on a 
single baseline can be processed in several milliseconds. 
There is no need for the initialization period associated 
with conventional RTK algorithms. More importantly 
there is no need for reinitialization immediately following 
loss-of-lock problems such as occur when a mobile GPS 
receiver passes under a bridge or other obstruction. 
Accordingly, our approach minimizes the amount of time 
a receiver spends in a non-productive prepositioning mode 
of operations. Epoch-by-EpochAEE positioning has other 
advantages, including a significantly extended range 
relative to conventional RTK, and a better framework for 
quality control. The Epoch-by-EpochAEE approach can also 
be applied to the autonomous real-time determination of 
precise attitude and heading (about 0.05 degrees) of a 
moving platform instrumented with 2-3 receivers and a 
rigid multiple-antenna structure. A combination of this 
autonomous navigational capability with precise 
instantaneous (relative) positioning is ideal for many 
applications such as automated airborne landing systems, 
harbor navigation, automated highways, machine control, 
and GPS/INS integration. Epoch-by-EpochAEE positioning 
also provides a useful architecture for static positioning, 
since relatively rare but highly discordant solutions (i.e. 
solution outliers associated with extreme levels of 
measurement noise) can be recognized and excluded from 
any position averaging. When single epoch solutions are 
averaged by a median filter, the scatter of the averaged 
solutions is inversely proportional to the logarithm of 
averaging time.
Gross Physical Properties of Emulsified Influenza Virus Vaccines and the Adjuvant Response (1960)

Summary A variety of formulas were used to obtain emulsified influenza, PR8, virus vaccines which exhibited different physical properties. The relation between the gross physical properties of these water-in-oil emulsions and their adjuvant effect following subcutaneous injection of mice was studied. The relation between emulsion viscosity and adjuvant effect was a strainghtforward one: extremely high emulsion viscosity reduced the adjuvant effect. On the other hand, the relation between stability and the adjuvant effect seemed more complex. The results of these experiments were consistent with the proposition that optimal emulsion stability promotes maximum adjuvant effect. The consistency with which an adjuvant effect was obtained with water-in-mineral oil emulsified vaccines of different viscosity and stability was remarkable.
Real-Time Job Scheduling Strategy for Grid Computing (2010)

본 논문에서는 그리드 환경을 구축할 때 자원 비용 면에서 효율적인 스케줄링 정책을 제안한다. 이 스케줄링 정책은 로컬 컴퓨팅 자원을 효율적으로 할당하기 위해 자원 비용과 작업 실패율을 고려한다. 이 스케줄링 정책의 특징은 원격 스케줄러와 로컬 스케줄러를 사용하여 2단계 스케줄링을 수행한다. 원격 스케줄러에서는 자원 데이터베이스에 저장된 네트워크와 로컬시스템의 정보를 사용하여 작업의 총실행시간이 최소인 로컬시스템을 선택하여 작업을 할당한다. 로컬 스케줄러에서는 할당된 작업의 대기시간과 처리시간을 재계산한 후, 작업을 데드라인 내에 처리할 수 있다면 로컬시스템에서 수행한다. 하지만 데드라인을 초과하면 다른 로컬시스템으로 이주시켜 처리함으로써 작업 실패율과 자원 비용을 최소화한다. 제안한 스케줄링 정책은 기존 Greedy 정책에 비해 작업 실패율은 높지만, 자원 비용을 줄이는 면에서 더 우수함을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 스케줄링 정책이 기존 Greedy 스케줄링 정책에 비해 컴퓨팅 자원 비용을 줄이는 면에서 효과적임을 보인다. In this paper, we propose a scheduling strategy for grid environment that reduces resource cost. This strategy considers resource cost and job failure rate to efficiently allocate local computing resources. The key idea of our strategy is that we use two-level scheduling using remote and local scheduler. The remote scheduler determines the expected total execution times of jobs using the current network and local system status maintained in its resource database and allocates jobs with minimum total execution time to local systems. The local scheduler recalculates the waiting time and execution time of allocated job and uses it to determine whether the job can be processed within the specified deadline. If it cannot finish in time, the job is migrated other local systems, through simulation, we show that it is more effective to reduce the resource cost than the previous Greedy strategy. We also show that the proposed strategy improves the performance compared to previous Greedy strategy.
Decentralized merging control in traffic networks (2019)

In this paper, we aim to optimize the process of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) merging at a traffic intersection while guaranteeing the state, control and safety constraints. We decompose the task of automatic merging for all the CAVs in a control zone around a merging point into same-lane safety constraints and different-lane safe merging, and implement these requirements using control barrier functions (CBFs). We consider two main objectives. First, to minimize travel time, we make the CAVs reach the road maximum speed with exponentially stabilizing control Lyapunov functions (CLF). Second, we penalize energy consumption as a cost in an optimization problem. We then decompose the merging problem into decentralized subproblems formulated as a sequence of quadratic programs (QP), which are solved in real time. Our simulations and comparisons show that the method proposed here outperforms ad hoc controllers used in traffic system simulators and provides comparable results to the optimal control solution of the merging problem in earlier work.
Plasma Chromium after Glucose Administration (1966)

Sharp increases in the concentration of chromium in plasma were found in five subjects with normal glucose utilization after administration of glucose by mouth. This rise was not observed in two diabetics when glucose tolerance was impaired; however, it appeared when glucose tolerance was improved and when trace amounts of trivalent chromium were given as a dietary supple-ment. The source of chromium which became elevated was most likely an internal pool. Possibly there is a relation between chromium and insulin function.
Organocatalytic Anticancer Drug Loading of Degradable Polymeric Mixed Micelles via a Biomimetic Mechanism (2016)

Although self-assembled polymeric micelles have received significant attention as anticancer drug delivery systems, most of them suffer initial burst release of drugs after injection. Herein, a novel organocatalytic drug loading approach is reported to chemically conjugate anticancer drugs to the micellar core through an acid-labile bond that only breaks in the acidic tumor tissue and endolysosomal environments. Specifically, a degradable polymeric micelle system based on amphiphilic mPEG-b-polycarbonate block copolymers was developed. The mussel-inspired polymer design features catechol side chains to which the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) can be covalently conjugated as pH-sensitive p-quinoneimines via a mechanism that mimics the Raper–Mason pathway of mammalian melanogenesis. We demonstrate that a higher drug loading is achieved when N-methylimidazole is cointroduced during self-assembly as an organocatalyst. The DOX-loaded mixed micelles formed from a catechol-functionalized polycarbonate/PEG block copolymer and a sister polymer with imidazole side chains are kinetically stable and display no signs of premature drug release, but possess comparable cytotoxicity in cancer cells to free DOX by a pH-triggered intracellular release. Moreover, we show that the nanoparticles accumulate in tumors through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and that the DOX-loaded mixed micelles suppress tumor growth more effectively than free DOX without causing toxicity in a mouse breast cancer model.