gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclopropanation and Other Reactions of Palladium-Carbene (and Carbyne) Complexes (2003)

The authors present the early concepts concerning the mechanism of the Heck reaction and its reasonable working hypotheses, followed by a discussion and summary. Carbopalladation, a central reaction in organopalladium chemistry, is extensively presented in this section including the carbopalladation reactions of allenes and the carbopalladation methodology and its employment in the synthesis of natural products. The authors discuss the successful employment of the Heck reactions in various inter-inter, intra-inter-, as well as all-intramolecular reaction cascades, and describe the termination of these processes by alkenes, arenes, and related π-bond systems such as alkynes and allenes. The authors present and discuss allylpalladation of alkenes, alkynes, and dienes as a powerful tool for preparing carbocycles and heterocycles. Pd-catalyzed homocoupling of terminal alkynes, cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with internal alkynes, and cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with allenes is presented. The formal arene analogs of the Heck reaction are discussed and examples presented. Cyclopropanation and other reactions of Pd-carbene complexes are given. Carbopalladation via palladacyclopropanes and palladacyclopropenes is outlined. The reaction of an alkyl iodide with diethylzinc in the presence of a palladium (0) catalyst is given. The combination of a radical cyclization with the formation of an organometallic product is discussed. Closely related Ni-catalyzed cyclizations are briefly presented.
A statistical approach to decision tree modeling (1994)

A statistical approach to decision tree modeling is described. In this approach, each decision in the tree is modeled parametrically as is the process by which an output is generated from an input and a sequence of decisions. The resulting model yields a likelihood measure of goodness of fit, allowing ML and MAP estimation techniques to be utilized. An efficient algorithm is presented to estimate the parameters in the tree. The model selection problem is presented and several alternative proposals are considered. A hidden Markov version of the tree is described for data sequences that have temporal dependencies.
DNA Synthesis and Nucleoside Metabolism in Human Tonsillar Lymphocyte Subpopulations (1988)

High (HD) and low (LD) density cells were separated on 25% BSA gradient from tonsils of 3-6 years old children. Early B lymphocyte markers and sIg-s were found on the surface of 59-82% of the LD cells. This cell population was 5-6 times more active in DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation, DNA polymerase activity) than the HD cells. The total uptake of 3H-deoxycytidine was about the same as that of 3H-thymidine. As long as practically all thymidine taken up by the cells was immediately incorporated into DNA (90-95%), only 10-15% of deoxycytidine was incorporated into DNA under the same conditions, indicating different pool sizes for the DNA precursors. The majority of deoxycytidine (70%) was converted and incorporated as dTMP. A considerable part of labeled deoxycytidine could be detected in the soluble pool in form of nucleotides (3-8%), and in an unknown form, called substance X (8-14%). Substance X was purified by TL chromatography and identified by HPLC as deoxycytidine containing liponucleotides, probable precursors for plasmamembranes. The preferential utilisation of deoxycytidine for DNA and membrane synthesis in immature B lymphocytes draws the attention to its function in early events of lymphocyte maturation.
Measurement of the linear electro-optic coefficient in poled amorphous silica (1994)

We report measurements of the linear electro-optic coefficients of temperature- and/or static-electric-field-poled bulk fused silica. The values for r31 and r33 are 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.3 ± 0.1 pm/V, respectively, in agreement with extrapolations from measured second-harmonic generation coefficients. Measurements were performed by use of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with LiNbO3 as a reference material.
Adaptive information-sharing for privacy-aware mobile social networks (2013)

Personal and contextual information are increasingly shared via mobile social networks. Users' locations, activities and their co-presence can be shared easily with online "friends", as their smartphones already access such information from embedded sensors and storage. Yet, people usually exhibit selective sharing behavior depending on contextual attributes, thus showing that privacy, utility, and usability are paramount to the success of such online services. In this paper, we present SPISM, a novel information-sharing system that decides (semi-)automatically whether to share information with others, whenever they request it, and at what granularity. Based on active machine learning and context, SPISM adapts to each user's behavior and it predicts the level of detail for each sharing decision, without revealing any personal information to a third-party. Based on a personalized survey about information sharing involving 70 participants, our results provide insight into the most influential features behind a sharing decision. Moreover, we investigate the reasons for the users' decisions and their confidence in them. We show that SPISM outperforms other kinds of global and individual policies, by achieving up to 90% of correct decisions.
Prolactin signal transduction mechanisms in the mammary gland: the role of the Jak/Stat pathway (1996)

Prolactin signal transduction in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by a novel, direct signalling system that links the activation of the prolactin receptor at the cell surface to changes in gene transcription in the nucleus. This recently identified pathway is a variant of the Jak/Stat (for Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway used by many other growth factors and cytokines. Current data suggest that the key intracellular components of the prolactin signalling pathway are the kinase Jak2 and the transcription factor Stat5. This discovery has exciting implications for the interaction between prolactin and other extracellular signals in both the mammary gland and other tissues. Here we review work that began with attempts to understand the regulation of milk protein gene expression and ultimately demonstrated the central role of the Jak/Stat pathway in prolactin signal transduction in the mammary gland.
Quantifying discrimination of Framingham risk functions with different survival C statistics (2012)

Cardiovascular risk prediction functions offer an important diagnostic tool for clinicians and patients themselves. They are usually constructed with the use of parametric or semi-parametric survival regression models. It is essential to be able to evaluate the performance of these models, preferably with summaries that offer natural and intuitive interpretations. The concept of discrimination, popular in the logistic regression context, has been extended to survival analysis. However, the extension is not unique. In this paper, we define discrimination in survival analysis as the model's ability to separate those with longer event-free survival from those with shorter event-free survival within some time horizon of interest. This definition remains consistent with that used in logistic regression, in the sense that it assesses how well the model-based predictions match the observed data. Practical and conceptual examples and numerical simulations are employed to examine four C statistics proposed in the literature to evaluate the performance of survival models. We observe that they differ in the numerical values and aspects of discrimination that they capture. We conclude that the index proposed by Harrell is the most appropriate to capture discrimination described by the above definition. We suggest researchers report which C statistic they are using, provide a rationale for their selection, and be aware that comparing different indices across studies may not be meaningful.
RELATIONSHIP OF MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE RESPONSE TO HL-A HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS (1972)

The influence of varying degrees of incompatibility for HL-A antigens on one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) has been investigated. Reactions have been compared to a simple expression of HL-A antigens, allele compatibility, and a proposal considering the potential influence of antigen matching in relationship to allele compatibility. As expected, HL-A compatibility was associated with nonstimulated cultures, but significant correlation was not observed when incompatibility was expressed in terms of HL-A antigen or allele mismatching. When the relationship of both was considered, however, a second distinctive group was demonstrated that shared one allele plus one antigen of the second allele. Within this group no stimulation, even with augmented culture conditions, was observed in some families. Employing these same criteria, there was no significant difference in the MLC response in those groups that were incompatible for both alleles regardless of the number of matched antigens or the group that shared an allele but differed by both antigens of the second allele. These results support the concept of an intimate relationship between the loci coding for HL-A antigens and mixed culture reactions. They suggest that HL-A haplotype incompatibility acting as a unit is the primary stimulus of the MLC response, and that the immunogenicity of the haplotype also relates to whether or not one antigen is common to the stimulating and responding cell.
Mechanisms involved in the resistance of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to calcium hydroxide (2002)

Survival of E. faecalis in calcium hydroxide appears to be unrelated to stress induced protein synthesis, but a functioning proton pump is critical for survival of E. faecalis at high pH.
Stochastic Optimal Control of Structural Systems (2008)

The stochastic optimal control is an important research subject in structural engineering. Recently, a stochastic optimal nonlinear control method has been proposed based on the stochastic dynamical programming principle and stochastic averaging method. The active and semi-active stochastic optimal control methods have been further developed for structural systems. The control saturation or bound, partial state observation, etc. have been taken into account by the stochastic optimal control. The present paper surveys these research developments.
Hypolipidemic imidazoles (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypolipidemic imidazolesKeith H. Baggaley, Monique Heald, Richard M. Hindley, Brian Morgan, John L. Tee, and Joseph GreenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1975, 18, 8, 833–836Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00242a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00242a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 expression by siRNA in rat hepatic stellate cells (2011)

This study suggests a significant fun-ctional role for HMGB1 in the development of liver fibrosis. It also demonstrates that downregulation of HMGB1 expression might be a potential strategy to treat liver fibrosis.
Risk Factors and Primary Diseases Responsible for Acute Kidney Injury among Neonates (2021)

Background: There are several risk factors and diseases related with the acute kidney injury among neonates. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to find out the risk factors and primary disease responsible for acute kidney injury among neonates. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Nephrology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2018 to July 2019 for a period of one year. Patients with the age group of less than 1 months who were at risk of AKI, and admitted in the inpatient department of Pediatrics and allied at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in both sexes were selected as study population. To detect AKI, serum creatinine was measured at 0 h (baseline), 48 h and 5th day respectively. Result: A total number of 52 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Among them 10 cases were in neonatal age group. The mean age was 10.8±5.4 days with female predominance. The risk factors of AKI in neonate was only pre-renal; mostly due to hypovolemia which was 3(60.0%) cases followed by sepsis and asphyxia which were 1(20.0%) case in each. The most patients had sepsis which was 4(40.0%) cases followed by congenital heart disease which was 2(20.0%) cases; one presented with heart failure and another one had cyanotic congenital heart disease. Conclusion: In conclusion hypovolemia, sepsis and asphyxia are the most common risk factors of acute kidney injury among the neonates. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):12-16
Chemical chelation reactions in fresh water snails, intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis. (1984)

L'action de l'acide ethylene diamine tetraacetique et de l'orthophenanthroline a ete etudiee sur 2 types de limacons d'eau douce. Biomphalaria alexandima et Bulinus truncatus qui agissent comme hotes intermediaires specifiques pour les 2 parasites respectivement Schistosoma mansoni et S. haematobium. Les memes etudes ont ete faites sur d'autres types de limacons non sensibles a l'infection de schistosoma tels que le type Lymnea truncatuea
Functional reconstitution of photosynthetic reaction centers in planar lipid bilayers (1979)

Planar lipid bilayers containing reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 were formed by apposing two reaction center-lipid monolayers formed from a reaction center-lipid complex in hexane. Secondary donors (cytochrome c) and acceptors (ubiquinone-0) were added on opposite sides of the membrane. Upon illumination, this system generated transient and steady-state voltages and currents. The wavelength dependence of the photoresponse matched the absorption spectrum of reaction centers. A simple model based on the transfer of charges across the membrane that explains the salient features of the photoresponse is presented.
Enhancing The Wash Oil Antifouling Action In A Cracked Gas Ompression (CGC) System (2005)

Pure grade samples from operational wash oil (used in cracked gas compression unit), light cycle oil, heavy residue and heavy diesel oil were obtained. Miscible blend samples of ratio 1:1 were also obtained from wash oil/light cycle oil and wash oil/heavy residue. These samples were subjected to characterization and the following quality parameters were measured, namely: aromatic content, specific gravity, gum content and distillation range. The results obtained from Tables 2 and 3 for wash oil/heavy residue blend, sample E, showed 44.10, 0.951, 6.72 and 184.2oC – 223.2oC as aromatic content, specific gravity, gum content and distillation range respectively. These quality parameters were seemingly consistent with the standard for wash oil (Table 3). Enhanced antifouling and dispersing action were observed to be adequate in the wash oil / heavy residue blend, sample E probably due to its high aromatic content. Heavy residue, sample C was therefore seen as most suitable blending solvent for the operational wash oil, sample A. KEY WORDS: Gas Compression, Polymeric Fouling, Antifoulant, Quality Parameters and wash oil. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol.11(1) 2005: 99-105
Characteristics of built-in folded dipole antenna for handsets (2004)

The characteristics of a built-in folded dipole antenna (BFDA) for handsets are introduced and analyzed to make it lower profile. In the analysis, the electromagnetic simulator IE3D based on the method of moments (MoM) is used. Both theoretical and experimental analysis of the antenna performance such as input impedance, current distribution and radiation pattern, are shown for both unbalanced and balanced feeds.
Scalable Video Streaming With Helper Nodes Using Random Linear Network Coding (2015)

Video streaming generates a substantial fraction of the traffic on the Internet. The demands of video streaming also increase the workload on the video server, which in turn leads to substantial slowdowns. In order to resolve the slowdown problem, and to provide a scalable and robust infrastructure to support on-demand streaming, helper-assisted video-on-demand (VoD) systems have been introduced. In this architecture, helper nodes, which are micro-servers with limited storage and bandwidth resources, download and store the user-requested videos from a central server to decrease the load on the central server. Multi-layer videos, in which a video is divided into different layers, can also be used to improve the scalability of the system. In this paper, we study the problem of utilizing the helper nodes to minimize the pressure on the central servers. We formulate the problem as a linear programming using joint inter- and intra-layer network coding. Our solution can also be implemented in a distributed manner. We show how our method can be extended to the case of wireless live streaming, in which a set of videos is broadcasted. Moreover, we extend the proposed method to the case of unreliable connections. We carefully study the convergence and the gain of our distributed approach.
Mapping multi-million gate SoCs on FPGAs: industrial methodology and experience (2004)

Today, having a fast hardware platform for SoC software development prior to silicon is an important challenge to gain the time-to-market. The FPGAs offer an excellent prototyping basis for building hardware platforms since more than ten years ([1]). However, as the circuit complexity increases and project time-frames shrink, building a multi-FPGA prototype represents a real challenge from the complexity viewpoint. The paper describes the state-of-the-art mapping methodology, prototyping tools and flows, shows the most difficult mapping problems and the ways to overcome them. The paper is issued from the experience of mapping on FPGA platform of four latest highly complex ST Microelectronics SoCs ranging from 1.5 to 4 million real ASIC gates mapped to up to 9 highest capacity FPGAs.
Kinetics of activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by citrate. Relationship to the rate of polymerization of the enzyme. (1983)

The kinetics of citrate-induced activation and polymerization (into filaments) of the 450,000-dalton protomeric form of acetyl-CoA carboxylase were compared to assess the concertedness of the two processes. Rapid-quench techniques were employed to measure the time course of activation by citrate of the carboxylase-catalyzed reaction. When enzyme was preincubated with citrate prior to initiating the steady state turnover reaction with acetyl-CoA in the rapid-quench device, the observed rate of carboxylation of acetyl-CoA was apparently linear from the moment of mixing. However, when enzyme was mixed with citrate to initiate the reaction, a lag (t1/2 = 0.7 s) occurred in the approach to steady state carboxylation rate. This lag was independent of enzyme concentration over a 230-fold range and was marginally dependent upon citrate concentration. Over the same range of enzyme concentration, polymerization of carboxylase protomers, as determined by right angle light scattering, was enzyme concentration-dependent in a manner predicted by a single protomer activation step, followed by a rate-limiting dimerization of active protomer and subsequent polymerization. Based on these results, it is concluded that activation of catalysis and the polymerization of carboxylase protomers are not concerted. Furthermore, activation of carboxylation leading to the formation of an active protomer was faster than polymerization under all conditions, and therefore precedes polymerization. It was also shown that the activation constant (Kact) for citrate is altered in a predictable manner by the accumulation of the reaction product, malonyl-CoA, the Kact increasing with increasing malonyl-CoA concentration. Additional evidence is presented indicating that this change in Kact was not caused by autophosphorylation of the enzyme under these conditions and that phosphorylation does not affect the mechanism of activation elucidated above.
The Combined Use of Simulation and Navigation to Demonstrate Hip Kinematics (2009)

Computer navigation of total hip arthroplasty and computer simulation of hip motions based on collision detection were both introduced more than ten years ago. Neither of these promising technologies has achieved its full potential to improve patient outcomes. Combining these two technologies allows the individual strengths of each to more easily demonstrate hip kinematics in a clinically useful way. All normal and pathologic combined hip motions must be clearly and accurately reported to fully evaluate the kinematics involved in total hip arthroplasty, femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, and other hip disorders. The use of three-dimensional data graphs allows for a rapid and thorough evaluation of the very large data sets that are required for the purpose of making a complete report of all combined hip motions. Data can be obtained from simulations made with use of high-resolution computed tomographic scans and computer-aided implant-design files or from clinically obtained motion analysis on fresh cadavers or normal subjects. The use of these methods and graphics allows for the thorough evaluation of the geometries of current implant designs and will help improve future implant designs. The pathologic structures in hips with femoroacetabular impingement can be modeled in three dimensions, and surgical treatment plans can be developed to provide impingement-free normal hip motion without excessive osseous resection. The combination of these technologies provides hope for the improved surgical placement of total hip implants by providing the basis for a kinematic, impingement-based total hip navigation system.
Collective Tuning Initiative: automating and accelerating development and optimization of computing systems (2009)

Computing systems rarely deliver best possible performance due to ever increasing hardware and software complexity and limitations of the current optimization technology. Additional code and architecture optimizations are often required to improve execution time, size, power consumption, reliability and other important characteristics of computing systems. However, it is often a tedious, repetitive, isolated and time consuming process. In order to automate, simplify and systematize program optimization and architecture design, we are developing open-source modular plugin-based Collective Tuning Infrastructure