gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Validity of Adapted Tests: Myths to be Avoided and Guidelines for Improving Test Adaptation Practices (1999)

Adapting or translating achievement, ability, and personality tests and questionnaires prepared in one language and culture into other languages and cultures has had a long history in educational and psychological testing though this fact is not well-known among educational researchers and measurement specialists. At least five reasons can be found in the literature for adapting tests: 1. very often adapting a test is considerably cheaper and faster than constructing a new test in a second language, 2. when the purpose for the adapted test is cross-cultural or cross-national assessment (such as with many credentialing exams), an adapted test is the most effective way to produce an equivalent test in a second language, 3. there may be a lack of expertise for developing a new test in a second language, 4. there is a sense of security that is associated with an adapted test more so than a newly constructed test especially when the original test is well-known, and 5. fairness to examinees often results from the presence of multiple language versions of a test (see Hambleton & Patsula, 1998). Unfortunately, though the practice of adapting or (simply) translating tests can be traced to the intelligence tests of the French psychologist Alfred Binet at the beginning of this century, there is substantial evidence to suggest that improved methods for adapting or translating tests from one language and culture to others are needed, and that considerably more attention should be given to this important task than it is typically given by researchers and/or test developers. Too often in practice the test adaptation process seems to be viewed as a routine task that can be completed by anyone who knows the relevant languages. One consequence is adapted tests in the target languages of interest with only superficial equivalence to the tests in the source language. The purposes of this paper are two-fold: First, a set of myths or problems which need to be discarded/overcome about the test adaptation process will be presented. These myths are widespread and undermine effective test adaptation initiatives. Second, steps for adapting tests will be offered along with a discussion of the importance of each step in the test adaptation process. Myths About Adapting Tests There are a number of myths associated with adapting tests which appear in measurement practice and should be discarded as quickly as possible: Myth 1. The preferable strategy is always to adapt an existing test rather than develop a new test for a second language group.
A Novel Resistivity Measurement Technique for Scaled-down Cu Interconnects Implemented to Reliability-focused Automobile Applications (2006)

A novel resistivity measurement technique has been proposed for scaled-down Cu interconnects viewing the high-reliability automobile applications. This technique enables to detect the interconnect resistivity dependence on impurity concentration, free from dimension dependence. Using this technique, we investigated impacts of impurity concentration on three types of Cu interconnects: 1) CoWP cap; 2) PECVD self-aligned barrier (PSAB); and 3) CuAl interconnects and clarified the tradeoffs between resistivity and reliability. We have found that CoWP cap shows not only high-reliability but also an outstanding efficiency in suppression of resistance increase due to impurity-induced scattering, indicating that it is the most viable candidate for automobile applications in 32nm generation and beyond
Synthesis of 3-Hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones. Addition of Anilines to Benzyloxy Isocyanate Synthons to Give<i>N</i>-Hydroxyureas (1994)

A new method, the addition of N-benzyloxychloroformate to methyl anthranilate followed by base-catalyzed cyclization, has been employed to synthesize the N-hydroxyquinazolinedione 1 and heterocyclic derivatives. N-Benzyloxycarbonylimidazole is a useful synthon to prepare N-hydroxyureas.
Decrease of Intracranial Pressure and Weight with Digoxin in Obesity (2001)

Fourteen obese patients (body mass index = 34-47 kg/m2; mean = 40 kg/m2) with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (Pcsf) above 20 cm water in 10 of the 14 patients were treated with digoxin with a serum concentration of at least 1.0 nmol/L (0.8 ng/ml) for 6 months. Pcsf decreased significantly during digoxin medication (p < 0.005). Although there were no diet restrictions, all patients decreased in weight (range: 3-25 kg; mean = 10.6 kg) during the 6 months (p < 0.001). When digoxin medication was stopped in 3 patients, prompt weight increase occurred. Most patients needed progressively increased digoxin doses to attain stabilized serum concentrations at the stipulated level, in 5 patients more than 0.5 mg a day. Five of 13 patients developed diabetes mellitus during the digoxin medication. The larger the dose of digoxin, the greater the risk for diabetes mellitus to occur.
Introduction to total- and partial-pressure measurements in vacuum systems (1989)

An introduction to the fundamentals of total and partial pressure measurement in the vacuum regime (760 x 10 to the -16th power Torr) is presented. The instrument most often used in scientific fields requiring vacuum measurement are discussed with special emphasis on ionization type gauges and quadrupole mass spectrometers. Some attention is also given to potential errors in measurement as well as calibration techniques.
Galactosaminogalactan from cell walls of Aspergillus niger (1976)

A new heteropolysaccharide has been isolated by alkaline extraction of hyphal walls of Aspergillus niger NRRL 326 grown in surface culture. Its composition by weight, as determined by paper and gas chromatography and colorimetric analyses, is 70% galactose, 20% galactosamine, 6% glucose, and 1% acetyl. Two independent experiments have been used to ascertain copolymer structure: permeation chromatography in 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride, with controlled-pore glass columns of two fractionation ranges, and nitrous acid deaminative cleavage of galactosaminogalactan followed by reduction of fragments with [3H]borohydride and gel filtration chromatography. One of the tritiated fragments is tentatively identified as the disaccharide derivative galactopyranosyl 2,5-anhydrotalitol, on the basis of chromatographic properties and by kinetics of its acid hydrolysis. Smith degradation, methylation, deamination, and optical rotation studies indicate that the galactosaminogalactan consists of a linear array of hexopyranosyl units joined almost exclusively by alpha-(1 leads to 4) linkages. Hexosaminyl moieties are distributed randomly along the chains, which have an average degree of polymerization of about 100. The possible significance of this macromolecule in hyphal structure is considered.
A gallium nitride device based switched capacitor multilevel converter for UPS applications (2015)

A single phase gallium nitride devices based switched capacitor multilevel, multiport inverter for UPS applications is proposed in this paper. This UPS system enables the seamless transfer between the grid-connected and backup modes of operations, which ensures the continuity of the power to the critical load. The proposed UPS system also harnesses the superior characteristic of the switched capacitor circuit and the GaN devices. Therefore, it has fewer semiconductor devices, faster switching speed and boost functionality. The system can achieve multi-port multi-level operation. Hence, the harmonics of the output voltage can be reduced and the voltage stress of the switching devices can be lower. The absence of the passive components help to reduce the overall size and increase the overall power density. The operation of the proposed UPS system is explained and confirmed by the simulation with Matlab Simulink and preliminary results of circuit experiment.
An optimized transgenesis system for <i>Drosophila</i> using germ-line-specific φC31 integrases (2007)

Germ-line transformation via transposable elements is a powerful tool to study gene function in Drosophila melanogaster. However, some inherent characteristics of transposon-mediated transgenesis limit its use for transgene analysis. Here, we circumvent these limitations by optimizing a phiC31-based integration system. We generated a collection of lines with precisely mapped attP sites that allow the insertion of transgenes into many different predetermined intergenic locations throughout the fly genome. By using regulatory elements of the nanos and vasa genes, we established endogenous sources of the phiC31 integrase, eliminating the difficulties of coinjecting integrase mRNA and raising the transformation efficiency. Moreover, to discriminate between specific and rare nonspecific integration events, a white gene-based reconstitution system was generated that enables visual selection for precise attP targeting. Finally, we demonstrate that our chromosomal attP sites can be modified in situ, extending their scope while retaining their properties as landing sites. The efficiency, ease-of-use, and versatility obtained here with the phiC31-based integration system represents an important advance in transgenesis and opens up the possibility of systematic, high-throughput screening of large cDNA sets and regulatory elements.
Effects of shilajit on biogenic free radicals (1995)

Abstract The radicophilicity (antiradical–antioxidant effects) of processed shilajit (SJP) to oxygen‐derived free radicals and nitric oxide (NO), and the attendant H 2 O 2 cleaving effect were evaluated. SJP provided complete protection to methyl methacrylate (MMA) against hydroxyl radical‐induced polymerization and acted as a reversible NO‐captodative agent. SJP (20 and 50 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 21 days) induced a dose‐related increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in frontal cortex and striatum of rats. The data were comparable to those of (−)‐deprenyl (2 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 21 days) in respect of SOD and CAT activities. These findings are consistent with the therapeutic uses of shilajit as an Ayurvedic rasayan (rejuvenator) against oxidative stress and geriatric complaints.
Tunable mid-infrared laser properties of Cr2+:ZnMgSe and Fe2+:ZnSe crystals (2009)

The laser properties of Bridgman method grown active crystals Cr2+:ZnMgSe and Fe2+:ZnSe were investigated at room temperature from the point of view of laser parameters.
Children's segmented physical activity and sedentary time during school days, recess, out of school, and weekends across two school years (2014)

The majority of Finnish school children need to have a more physically active lifestyle in order to get more health benefits, since three-fourth of 11 to 15-year-olds fail to accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on a daily basis. However, these findings are derived from self-reported data, and therefore, objective, physical activity data are needed to better understand the levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior. The present study extends the previous findings by investigating childrens segmented MVPA and sedentary time using acclerometers across a period of two school years.
High-sensitive troponin T and N-terminal-brain-natriuretic-peptide predict outcome in symptomatic aortic stenosis (2012)

The combination of NT-proBNP and hsTnT came out as the strongest predictor of outcome irrespective of surgical treatment or not and could be of particular interest in risk-stratification in AS-patients. The results should be confirmed in prospective studies both in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Design of Renewable Hydrogel Release Systems from Fiberboard Mill Wastewater (2010)

A new route for the design of renewable hydrogels is presented. The soluble waste from masonite production was isolated, fractionized, and upgraded. The resulting hemicellulose rich fraction was alkenyl-functionalized and used in the preparation of covalently cross-linked hydrogels capable of sustained release of incorporated agents. Said hydrogels showed a Fickian diffusion-based release of incorporated bovine serum albumin. Also, a method for the coating of seeds with hydrogel was developed. The sustained release of incorporated growth retardant agents from the hydrogel coating on rape seeds was shown to enable the temporary inhibition of germination.
Kimray-Greenfield vena cava filter: percutaneous introduction. (1984)

A percutaneous technique is described for the introduction of Kimray-Greenfield filters into the vena cava through either the internal jugular or femoral approach.
Explorer la mobilité internationale à travers le discours des grandes entreprises1 (2012)

Cet article propose une analyse du discours officiel sur la mobilité internationale, à partir de 67 sites Internet de grands groupes français et allemands. Les messages demeurent très opérationnels, ne mentionnant que très rarement la carrière globale. Avant tout, le système de carrière national reste privilégié : si les groupes français proposent des messages élitistes, les messages allemands insistent sur la motivation des individus autour de l’acquisition de compétences dans une carrière de type fonctionnel. Cette étude propose également des pistes de réflexion permettant d’améliorer l’attractivité de l’entreprise envers les talents globaux, dans une stratégie de marque employeur.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON DIARYL‐(3‐PHENYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLYL‐(5))‐METHANOLEN (1975)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (IV) können durch Reaktion der Li‐Verbindung des Triazols (I) mit den entsprechenden Benzophenonen (II) und Debenzylierung der resultierenden Triazolylmethanole (III) dargestellt werden.
Audio Keywords Discovery for Text-Like Audio Content Analysis and Retrieval (2008)

Inspired by classical text document analysis employing the concept of (key) words, this paper presents an unsupervised approach to discover (key) audio elements in general audio documents. The (key) audio elements can be considered the equivalents of the text (key) words, and enable content-based audio analysis and retrieval following the analogy to the proven text analysis theories and methods. Since general audio signals usually show complicated and strongly varying distribution and density in the feature space, we propose an iterative spectral clustering method with context-dependent scaling factors to decompose an audio data stream into audio elements. Using this clustering method, temporal signal segments with similar low-level features are grouped into natural clusters that we adopt as audio elements. To detect those audio elements that are most representative for the semantic content, that is, the key audio elements, two cases are considered. First, if only one audio document is available for analysis, a number of heuristic importance indicators are defined and employed to detect the key audio elements. For the case that multiple audio documents are available, more sophisticated measures for audio element importance, including expected term frequency (ETF), expected inverse document frequency (EIDF), expected term duration (ETD) and expected inverse document duration (EIDD), are proposed. Our experiments showed encouraging results regarding the quality of the obtained (key) audio elements and their potential applicability for content-based audio document analysis and retrieval.
Robot reinforcement learning using EEG-based reward signals (2010)

Reinforcement learning algorithms have been successfully applied in robotics to learn how to solve tasks based on reward signals obtained during task execution. These reward signals are usually modeled by the programmer or provided by supervision. However, there are situations in which this reward is hard to encode, and so would require a supervised approach of reinforcement learning, where a user directly types the reward on each trial. This paper proposes to use brain activity recorded by an EEG-based BCI system as reward signals. The idea is to obtain the reward from the activity generated while observing the robot solving the task. This process does not require an explicit model of the reward signal. Moreover, it is possible to capture subjective aspects which are specific to each user. To achieve this, we designed a new protocol to use brain activity related to the correct or wrong execution of the task. We showed that it is possible to detect and classify different levels of error in single trials. We also showed that it is possible to apply reinforcement learning algorithms to learn new similar tasks using the rewards obtained from brain activity.
TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGEN ACTIVITY OF HUMAN BLOOD PLATELETS1 (1966)

Human blood platelets, while exhibiting some transplantation antigen activity, are not as potent in this regard as leucocytes. Dosages of 130–288 X 109 platelets, obtained by repeated donor plasma-pheresis, induced homograft sensitivity in the recipients. Humoral and cellular responses noted after sensitization showed no direct correlation with the survival time of skin homografts in the same subjects.
Objectivity and the Transactional Theory of Perception (1972)

The visual demonstrations of Professor Adelbert Ames support the transactional theory of perception. This theory asserts that the very contents of our sense experiences are shaped by our past experiences, as well as our expectations of future experiences. This theory, in turn, supports a critical realism about the relationship between perception and reality.
The role of ghrelin in drug and natural reward (2013)

Ghrelin is a protein that has been given special attention in both nutrition and addiction research during the last decade. Consequently, a vast amount of information has been accumulated concerning the role of ghrelin in natural and drug reward. We are now in the position to ask whether the ghrelin system could be targeted to treat maladaptive behaviours such as obesity and drug addiction. Indeed, ghrelin research has demonstrated that blocking the activity of ghrelin receptors may be effective in reducing the consumption of both food and drugs of abuse. This review will give a short overview of our current knowledge about the ghrelin system in the context of drug and natural rewards as well as the possibility of developing potential ghrelin-based treatments.
Metabolism of Propionate by Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Blue-Green Algae (1973)

Conference Article| May 01 1973 Metabolism of Propionate by Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Blue-Green Algae ARNOLD J. SMITH; ARNOLD J. SMITH 1Department of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Cards. SY23 3DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANGELA EVANS; ANGELA EVANS 1Department of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Cards. SY23 3DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CATHERINE LUCAS; CATHERINE LUCAS 1Department of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Cards. SY23 3DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM G. LEWIS WILLIAM G. LEWIS 1Department of Biochemistry and Agricultural Biochemistry, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Cards. SY23 3DD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1973) 1 (3): 707–709. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010707 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ARNOLD J. SMITH, ANGELA EVANS, CATHERINE LUCAS, WILLIAM G. LEWIS; Metabolism of Propionate by Sensitive and Resistant Strains of Blue-Green Algae. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1973; 1 (3): 707–709. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0010707 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1973 Biochemical Society1973 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
GoSafe: On the practical characterization of the overall security posture of an organization information system using smart auditing and ranking (2020)

The lack of national security standardization bodies can have adverse impact on the adoption of international security standards and best practices. To assure security confidence among various organizations and to promote systematic adoption of standards and best standards, a practical framework that can support comparative measures is needed. . This paper presents GoSafe, a novel practical cybersecurity assessment framework that is tailored to the ISO 2700x standard requirements for the development of Information Security Management System (ISMS). GoSafe can be used for both self-assessment and auditing/scoring tool by national cybersecurity authorities. Using GoSafe, organizations can evaluate their existing information security management systems against local and international standards by utilizing built-in pre-audit tools. As such, GoSafe will help organizations evaluate and enhance their readiness for evolving risks and threats. In GoSafe framework, a novel mathematical model was also designed and implemented for the scoring/rating tool, namely, the national cyber security index (aeNCI). The aeNCI employs multiple parameters to determine the maturity of existing cybersecurity programs at national organizations and generate a classification and comparison reports. The efficacy of GoSafe proposed framework is demonstrated using a practical case study. The results enabled the stakeholder to verify the security configuration of their systems and identify potential attack/risk vectors.
Is alcohol assessment therapeutic? Pretreatment change in drinking among alcohol-dependent women. (2005)

Changes in alcohol consumption during the assessment process in treatment outcome studies should be examined in future studies, as implications abound for interpretation of results from clinical trials. Also, implications regarding the active ingredients in brief interventions and mechanisms of the therapeutic impact of alcohol assessment should be further addressed.
Fatty Acids, Eicosanoids, and Hypolipidemic Agents Identified as Ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors by Coactivator-Dependent Receptor Ligand Assay (1997)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors controlling the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. PPARs activate gene transcription in response to a variety of compounds including hypolipidemic drugs as well as natural fatty acids. From the plethora of PPAR activators, Scatchard analysis of receptor-ligand interactions has thus far identified only four ligands. These are the chemotactic agent leukotriene B4 and the hypolipidemic drug Wy 14,643 for the alpha-subtype and a prostaglandin J2 metabolite and synthetic antidiabetic thiazolidinediones for the gamma-subtype. Based on the hypothesis that ligand binding to PPAR would induce interactions of the receptor with transcriptional coactivators, we have developed a novel ligand sensor assay, termed coactivator-dependent receptor ligand assay (CARLA). With CARLA we have screened several natural and synthetic candidate ligands and have identified naturally occurring fatty acids and metabolites as well as hypolipidemic drugs as bona fide ligands of the three PPAR subtypes from Xenopus laevis. Our results suggest that PPARs, by their ability to interact with a number of structurally diverse compounds, have acquired unique ligand-binding properties among the superfamily of nuclear receptors that are compatible with their biological activity.