gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone in Patients with Varying Degrees of Renal Insufficiency (2003)

This study investigated the effect of varying degrees of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone. Subjects were stratified by estimated creatinine clearance: normal (> 80 mL/min; n = 12), mild renal insufficiency (60-80 mL/min; n = 15), moderate renal insufficiency (30-59 mL/min; n = 18), and severe renal insufficiency not requiring dialysis (< or = 29 mL/min; n = 12). Plasma rosiglitazone concentrations and protein binding were determined after a single oral 8-mg dose of rosiglitazone. Total and unbound pharmacokinetic parameters were generated using noncompartmental methods. AUC, Cmax, and t1/2 data were analyzed separately by ANOVA to provide point estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone was not markedly affected by mild, moderate, or severe renal insufficiency. Slight increases (approximately 10%-20%) in mean unbound AUC0-infinity values were observed for each insufficiency group compared to the normal group but were not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe insufficiency exhibited a 38% increase in mean fraction unbound, leading to an increase in total clearance, which resulted in a 19% to 24% lower mean total AUC0-infinity and Cmax values relative to the normal group. The rates of mild or moderate adverse events were similar for all groups; there were no severe adverse events. Impaired renal function does not markedly alter the pharmacokinetics of total or unbound rosiglitazone following a single dose of rosiglitazone. Therefore, the starting dose of rosiglitazone does not need to be adjusted in patients with renal impairment. Subsequent dose adjustments should be based on individual patient response.
Low-Complexity Soft-Decision Concatenated LDGM-Staircase FEC for High-Bit-Rate Fiber-Optic Communication (2017)

A concatenated soft-decision forward error correction (FEC) scheme consisting of an inner low-density generatormatrix (LDGM) code and an outer staircase code is proposed. The soft-decision LDGM code is used for error reduction, while the majority of bit errors are corrected by the low-complexity harddecision staircase code. Decoding complexity of the concatenated code is quantified by a score based on the number of edges in the LDGM code Tanner graph, the number of decoding iterations, and the number of staircase code decoding operations. The inner LDGM ensemble is designed by solving an optimization problem, which minimizes the product of the average node degree and an estimate of the required number of decoding iterations. A search procedure is used to find the inner and outer code pair with lowest complexity. The design procedure results in a Pareto-frontier characterization of the tradeoff between net coding gain and complexity for the concatenated code. Simulations of code designs at 20% overhead showed that the proposed scheme achieves net coding gains equivalent to existing soft-decision FEC solutions, with up to 57% reduction in complexity.
Gene Amplification and Overexpression of <i>PRDM14</i> in Breast Cancers (2007)

Several genes that encode PR (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ) domain proteins (PRDM) have been linked to human cancers. To explore the role of the PR domain family genes in breast carcinogenesis, we examined the expression profiles of 16 members of the PRDM gene family in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer specimens using semiquantitative real-time PCR. We found that PRDM14 mRNA is overexpressed in about two thirds of breast cancers; moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that expression of PRDM14 protein is also up-regulated. Analysis of the gene copy number revealed that PRDM14 is a target of gene amplification on chromosome 8q13, which is a region where gene amplification has frequently been detected in various human tumors. Introduction of PRDM14 into cancer cells enhanced cell growth and reduced their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Conversely, knockdown of PRDM14 by siRNA induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells and increased their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting that up-regulated expression of PRDM14 may play an important role in the proliferation of breast cancer cells. That little or no expression of PRDM14 is seen in noncancerous tissues suggests that PRDM14 could be an ideal therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
COUMARONE DEHYDROGENATION WITH N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOUMARONE DEHYDROGENATION WITH N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDET. A. Geissman, T. G. Halsall, and Elly HinreinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 4326Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a556RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (173 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
VoicePen (2007)

This paper explores using non-linguistic vocalization as an additional modality to augment digital pen input on a tablet computer. We investigated this through a set of novel interaction techniques and a feasibility study. Typically, digital pen users control one or two parameters using stylus position and sometimes pen pressure. However, in many scenarios the user can benefit from the ability to continuously vary additional parameters. Non-linguistic vocalizations, such as vowel sounds, variation of pitch, or control of loudness have the potential to provide fluid continuous input concurrently with pen interaction. We present a set of interaction techniques that leverage the combination of voice and pen input when performing both creative drawing and object manipulation tasks. Our feasibility evaluation suggests that with little training people can use non-linguistic vocalization to productively augment digital pen interaction.
Presynaptic calcium channels in rat cortical synaptosomes: fast- kinetics of phasic calcium influx, channel inactivation, and relationship to nitrendipine receptors (1986)

Fast-mixing and rapid-filtration techniques were used to analyze the kinetics of potassium-depolarization-dependent (delta K+ = 47.5 mM) influx of 45Ca into synaptosomes, in the time range from 50 msec to 5 sec. The results are consistent with the presence in synaptosomes of a homogeneous population of voltage-sensitive Ca channels. With 1 mM Cao in the medium, the delta K+-dependent Ca influx has a single-exponential time course with the half-life, t1/2 approximately 0.5-0.7 sec. Ca influx, measured between 0.1 and 10 mM Cao, shows half-saturation (KCa) at 1.5 mM Cao and has the limiting value (JCamax) of 5.9 nmol/sec/mg protein, or a current of approximately 0.06 pA/micron2 surface area. The estimated density of functional Ca channels is 0.6-6 micron-2. Voltage- and time-dependent inactivation of Ca channels was measured in synaptosomes predepolarized in 52.5 mM Ko+ with Ca omitted from the medium. Channel inactivation is a single-exponential process with a half-life of t1/2 approximately 2.3 sec. Channel recovery in 5 mM Ko+ media is likewise a single-exponential process with a half-life of t1/2 approximately 4.3 sec. The slower rate of voltage-dependent channel inactivation than of decay of Ca influx suggests that Ca entry into synaptosomes terminates by a mechanism that depends on Ca influx itself. Synaptosomes contain 200 fmol/mg protein, or approximately 6 micron-2 high-affinity (KD = 0.12 nM) 3H-nitrendipine binding sites; however, nitrendipine at concentrations greater than 10(4) X KD is without effect on the phasic influx of Ca measured at 215 msec with either 1.0 or 0.1 mM Cao. This suggests that Ca channels characterized in this study belong to a class of dihydropyridine-insensitive channels.
Bootstrap Aggregating of Alternating Decision Trees to Detect Sets of <scp>SNP</scp>s That Associate With Disease (2012)

Complex genetic disorders are a result of a combination of genetic and nongenetic factors, all potentially interacting. Machine learning methods hold the potential to identify multilocus and environmental associations thought to drive complex genetic traits. Decision trees, a popular machine learning technique, offer a computationally low complexity algorithm capable of detecting associated sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of arbitrary size, including modern genome-wide SNP scans. However, interpretation of the importance of an individual SNP within these trees can present challenges. We present a new decision tree algorithm denoted as Bagged Alternating Decision Trees (BADTrees) that is based on identifying common structural elements in a bootstrapped set of Alternating Decision Trees (ADTrees). The algorithm is order nk(2), where n is the number of SNPs considered and k is the number of SNPs in the tree constructed. Our simulation study suggests that BADTrees have higher power and lower type I error rates than ADTrees alone and comparable power with lower type I error rates compared to logistic regression. We illustrate the application of these data using simulated data as well as from the Lupus Large Association Study 1 (7,822 SNPs in 3,548 individuals). Our results suggest that BADTrees hold promise as a low computational order algorithm for detecting complex combinations of SNP and environmental factors associated with disease.
Evaluation of the Temperature Response to Exercise Testing in Patients with Single Chamher, Rate Adaptive Pacemakers: A Multicenter Study (1989)

Beneficial rate adaptation is achievable using blood temperature to modify rate in a sensor based system.
Component-Based Crawling of Complex Rich Internet Applications (2014)

During the past decade, web applications have evolved substantially. Taking advantage of new technologies, Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) make heavy use of client side code to present content. Web crawlers, however, face new challenges in crawling RIAs, such as how to explore and identify different client states. The problem of crawling RIAs has been a focus for researchers during recent years, and solutions have been proposed based on constructing a state-transition model with DOMs as states and JavaScript events as transitions. When faced with real-life RIAs, however, a major problem prevalent in current solutions is state space explosion caused by the complexity of the RIAs. This problem prevents the automated crawlers from being usable on complex RIAs as they fail to produce useful results in a timely fashion. This research addresses the challenge of efficiently crawling complex RIAs with two main ideas: component-based crawling and similarity detection. Our experimental results show that these ideas lead to a drastic reduction of the time required to produce results, enabling the crawler to explore RIAs previously too complex for automated crawl.
Observações Citológicas em coffea: VI — Desenvolvimento do embrião e do endosferma em Coffea Arabica l. (1942)

<abstract language="eng">The ovule of C. arabica L. consists õf a single integument and a small nucellús which disappears as the ovule matures. Three of the four macrospores resulting from the'division of the macrosporocyte, degenerate. The remaining chalazal cell gives rise to a "normal'' embryo sac, which is ready for fertilization at the time of the flower opening. Double fertilization occurs, as a rule, the day the flower opens. The embryo sac then increases in volume and compresses the inner integument cells. The outer cells of the integument, however, multiply actively, giving rise to the "perisperm". After degeneration of the synergids and antipodals, the zygote stays near the micro-pyle in a resting stage, while the primary endosperm nucleus divides. This first division of the endosperm occurs from 21 to 27 days after flower opening. The cytoplasm condenses around the newly formed nuclei, permitting the adjacent tissues to sink into the embryo sac. Since the separating walls were not seen at the binueleate stage and were present at the four-nucleate stage, it seems that the endosperm belongs to the' "nuclear type". As the number of endosperm cells increases, the "perisperm" cells are again compressed and give more and more room to the new tissue. The first division in the zygote occurs from sixty to seventy days after flower opening, when the endosperm is already multinucleate. A differentiated embryo develops, with a hypocotyl and two small cotyledons in the ripe seed. In the ripe seed the "perisperm" disappears almost completely: its remains form the thin "silver skin" which envelops the endosperm. The parchment layer which envelops the seed is the endocarp.
The gibberellin biosynthetic genes <i>AtGA20ox1</i> and <i>AtGA20ox2</i> act, partially redundantly, to promote growth and development throughout the Arabidopsis life cycle (2007)

The activity of the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic enzymes GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox) is of particular importance in determining GA concentration in many plant species. In Arabidopsis these enzymes are encoded by a family of five genes: AtGA20ox1-AtGA20ox5. Transcript analysis indicated that they have different expression patterns and may thus participate differentially in GA-regulated developmental processes. We have used reverse genetics to determine the physiological roles of AtGA20ox1 and AtGA20ox2, the most highly expressed GA20ox genes during vegetative and early reproductive development. AtGA20ox1 and AtGA20ox2 act redundantly to promote hypocotyl and internode elongation, flowering time, elongation of anther filaments, the number of seeds that develop per silique and elongation of siliques, with AtGA20ox1 making the greater contribution to internode and filament elongation, and AtGA20ox2 making the greater contribution to flowering time and silique length. Pollination of the double mutant with wild-type pollen indicated that the GA promoting silique elongation is of maternal origin. The ga20ox2 phenotype revealed that GA promotes the number of stem internodes that elongate upon bolting, and does so independently of its effect on internode elongation. Comparison of the phenotype of the double mutant with that of the highly GA-deficient ga1-3 mutant indicates that other GA20ox genes contribute to all the developmental processes examined, and, in some cases such as root growth and leaf expansion, make major contributions, as these processes were unaffected in the double mutant. In addition, the effects of the mutations are mitigated by the homeostatic mechanism that acts on expression of other GA dioxygenase and GID1 receptor genes.
Prologue (2004)

Jane Grey Swisshelm is a well-known journalist and reformer who advocated antislavery and women's rights. This book presents the story of her life and the ways in which she dealt with the constraints imposed on her by middle-class gender conventions, including her efforts to define what it meant to be a woman. It discusses how religion influenced Jane's life as well as her attitudes toward gender and the role of women in American society. The book also examines Jane's role in partisan politics and the contradictions and tensions that she exposed in her pursuit of social reform.
Detection of Penicillins in the Sera of ‘Healthy’ Blood Donors (1980)

10,853 sera, collected from ‘healthy’ blood donors during the period December 1977 to May 1979, were tested for the presence of penicillinase-sensitive penicillins by a bioassay technique using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as test organism. Their presence could be demonstrated in 30 sera (0.27%), at concentrations equivalent to 0.2-4.0 µg/ml of penicillin G. The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly the possibility of their relationship to nonhemolytic adverse reactions to transfusion.
Proton ordering in the Peierls-distorted hydrogen molybdenum bronze H<sub>0.33</sub>MoO<sub>3</sub>: structure and physical properties (1993)

The intercalation of hydrogen into the layered structure of MoO 3 produces four hydrogen molybdenum bronze phases H x MoO 3 (0<x<2). The correlation between the structure and the physical properties of these low-dimensional conductors has been investigated by X-ray diffraction and conductivity measurements. Powder diffraction studies revealed phase transitions as a function of temperature and hydrogen content. A new proton-distribution model describes the lattice distortions resulting from the intercalation in the whole composition range. Superstructure reflections were detected in precession photographs of single crystals of the phases I (x≃ 0.3) and III (x≃1.6)
Off-loading application controlled data prefetching in numerical codes for multi-core processors (2008)

An important issue when designing numerical code in High Performance Computing is cache optimisation in order to exploit the performance potential of a given target architecture. This includes techniques to improve memory access locality as well as prefetching. Inherent algorithm constrains often limit the first approach, which typically uses a blocking technique. While there exist automatic prefetching mechanisms in hardware and/or compilers, they can not complement blocking with additional prefetching. We provide an infrastructure for off-loading application controlled prefetching on a chip multiprocessor, allowing to further improve numerical code already optimised by standard cache optimisation. Clear benefits are shown for real workloads on existing hardware.
Level Shifted Discontinuous PWM Algorithms to Minimize Common Mode Voltage for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive (2018)

This paper presents combinations of level shifted pulse-width modulation algorithm with conventional discontinuous pulse-width modulation methods for cascaded multilevel inverters. In the proposed DPWM a zero sequence signal is injected in sinusoidal reference signal to generate various modulators with easier implementation. The analysis four various control strategies namely Common Carrier (CC), Inverted Carrier (IC), Phase Shifted (PS) and Inverted Phase Shift (IPS) for cascaded multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive has been illustrated. To validate the proposed work experimental tests has been carried out using dSPACE controller. Experimental study proves that using proposed algorithms reduction in common-mode voltage with fewer harmonics along with reduced switching loss for a cascaded multilevel inverter fed motor drive has been achieved.
Adsorptive separation on metal–organic frameworks in the liquid phase (2014)

While much attention of the MOF community has been devoted to adsorption and purification of gases, there is now also a vast body of data on the capability of MOFs to separate and purify liquid mixtures. Initial studies focused on separation of petrochemicals in apolar backgrounds, but the attention has moved now to the separation of complex, e.g. chiral compounds, and to the isolation of biobased compounds from aqueous media. We here give an overview of most of the existing literature, with an accent on separation mechanisms and structure-selectivity relationships.
Monomode emission at 350 mW and high reliabilitywithInGaAs/AlGaAs (λ = 1020 nm) ridge waveguide laser diodes (1998)

3.35 mm long InGAs/GaAs/AlGaAs ridge waveguide lasers emitting at 1020 nm showed monomode emission up to 350 mW. By widening the emission near field and protecting the facets with ZnSe/Al2O3, remarkable facet stability was obtained, confirmed during aging at 40°C and 300 mW emission power, or at 70°C and 250 mW.
Circuit compilers don't have to be slow (1988)

A method for efficient complication of circuits which is used in a commercially available fault grader is described. Data structures and algorithms are presented which can be used in processing circuits in a textural or schematic format. Performance is documented by showing the results for various circuits. It is shown that on the average, the compiler can process 2000 lines of CDL text per minute, and the loader and flattener process 10300 flattened nets per minute. These times show that incremental circuit changes can be performed in analysis tools without using a separate complication procedure. This efficiency is possible by creating data structures which require minimal manipulation and by the organization of data in the circuit library. Memory utilization is kept to a minimum by optimizing the location of circuit information on the data structures. >
Fault Management in Software-Defined Networking: A Survey (2018)

Software-defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a new network paradigm that promises control/data plane separation and centralized network control. While these features simplify network management and enable innovative networking, they give rise to persistent concerns about <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reliability</i> . The new paradigm suffers from the disadvantage that various network faults may consistently undermine the reliability of such a network, and such faults are often new and difficult to resolve with existing solutions. To ensure SDN reliability, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fault management</i> , which is concerned with detecting, localizing, correcting and preventing faults, has become a key component in SDN networks. Although many SDN fault management solutions have been proposed, we find that they often resolve SDN faults from an incomplete perspective which may result in side effects. More critically, as the SDN paradigm evolves, additional fault types are being exposed. Therefore, comprehensive reviews and constant improvements are required to remain on the leading edge of SDN fault management. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive and systematic survey of SDN faults and related management solutions identified through advancements in both the research community and industry. We apply a systematic classification of SDN faults, compare and analyze existing SDN fault management solutions in the literature, and conduct a gap analysis between solutions developed in an academic research context and practical deployments. The current challenges and emerging trends are also noted as potential future research directions. This paper aims to provide academic researchers and industrial engineers with a comprehensive survey with the hope of advancing SDN and inspiring new solutions.
Derivatives of 10,11‐dihydro‐5<i>H</i>‐dibenzo[<i>a,d</i>] cycloheptene and related compounds. III. Azaketones (1971)

Abstract The preparation and properties of four isomeric azadibenzoeycloheptenones 3 and their 10,11‐dihydro derivatives 2 are described. The ketones 2 were prepared by cyclization of appropriately substituted phenethylpyridine carboxylic acids and dehydrogenated to 3 . Four monochloro derivatives 24 of the 4‐azaketone 2d are also described.