gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF 2,4‐TOLYLENE DIISOCYANATE BY THE CARBONYLATION OF 2,4‐DINITROTOLUENE BY CARBON MONOXIDE (1977)

Abstract In der Patentliteratur wird die Herstellung von 2,4‐Toluylen‐diiso‐ cyanat (I) aus 2,4‐Dinitrotoluol durch Carbonylierung mit CO über einen Katalysator aus Palladiumdichlorid/Isochinolin/Eisenoxid/Molybdänoxid beschrieben, wobei Ausbeuten bis 78% an (I) erhalten werden.
Producing chondrules by recycling and volatile loss (1994)

Interelement correlations observed in bulk chondrule INAA data, particularly between the refractory lithophiles, have led to the now generally accepted conclusion that the chondrule precursors were nebular condensates. However, it has been recently suggested that random sampling of fragments from a previous generation of chondrules could reproduce much of the observed range of bulk chondrule composition.
Fast Polyhedral Adaptive Conjoint Estimation (2003)

We propose and test new adaptive question design and estimation algorithms for partial profile conjoint analysis. Polyhedral question design focuses questions to reduce a feasible set of parameters as rapidly as possible. Analytic center estimation uses a centrality criterion based on consistency with respondents' answers. Both algorithms run with no noticeable delay between questions. We evaluate the proposed methods relative to established benchmarks for question design (random selection, D-efficient designs, adaptive conjoint analysis) and estimation (hierarchical Bayes). Monte Carlo simulations vary respondent heterogeneity and response errors. For low numbers of questions, polyhedral question design does best (or is tied for best) for all tested domains. For high numbers of questions, efficient fixed designs do better in some domains. Analytic center estimation shows promise for high heterogeneity and for low response errors; hierarchical Bayes for low heterogeneity and high response errors. Other simulations evaluate hybrid methods, which include self-explicated data. A field test (330 respondents) compared methods on both internal validity (holdout tasks) and external validity (actual choice of a laptop bag worth approximately $100). The field test is consistent with the simulation results and offers strong support for polyhedral question design. In addition, marketplace sales were consistent with conjoint-analysis predictions.
Biosynthetic Pathway for the C45 Polyprenol, Solanesol, in Tobacco (2004)

Feeding experiments were independently performed with [1-13C]deoxy-D-xylulose triacetate and (RS)-[2-13C]mevalonolactone in the tobacco plant. The labeling pattern for solanesol was elucidated to reveal that the isoprene moiety of solanesol would be derived from deoxy-xylulose. The result strongly suggests that tobacco solanesol is biosynthesized via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway.
Zur Synthese von Indenderivaten (1889)

a) mit positivem Ergebniss: m-Nitrobenzylmethylaceton, a -Methylhydrozimmtsiiure, u
Dichroic multilayer structures: theoretical and experimental study (1992)

The authors present a theoretical analysis of dichroic multilayer structures and the experimental validation of corresponding software results. The structures under study are composed of any number of screens and dielectric sheets, without restrictive assumption on spacing and coupling between screens. These screens are composed of doubly periodic arrays of metallic resonant elements of any shape. The authors present an original method for the analysis of any multilayer dichroic structure which is based on the description of the structure with only three elementary modules. Reflection and transmission coefficients are determined by chaining the layer generalized transfer matrices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interleukin (IL)-6 Inhibits IL-27- and IL-30-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocytes (2018)

Interleukin (IL)-30, the IL-27p28 subunit of the heterodimeric cytokine IL-27, acts as an antagonist of IL-27 and IL-6 signaling in murine cells via glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor and additional binding partners. Thus far, functions of IL-30 have not been fully elucidated in human cells. We demonstrate that like IL-27, IL-30 upregulated TLR4 expression to enhance lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production in human monocytes; however, these IL-30-mediated activities did not reach the same levels of cytokine induction compared to IL-27. Interestingly, IL-30- and IL-27-mediated interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) production required WSX-1 engagement and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 phosphorylation; furthermore, IL-30 induced STAT phosphorylation after 16 h, whereas IL-27 induced STAT phosphorylation within 30 min. This prompted us to examine if a secondary mediator was required for IL-30-induced pro-inflammatory functions, and hence we examined IL-6-related molecules. Combined with inhibition of soluble IL-6 receptor α (sIL-6Rα) and data showing that IL-6 inhibited IL-30/IL-27-induced IP-10 expression, we demonstrate a role for sIL-6Rα and gp130 in IL-30-mediated activity in human cells.
The case for the reduced instruction set computer (1980)

article Free Access Share on The case for the reduced instruction set computer Authors: David A. Patterson University of California, Berkeley, California University of California, Berkeley, CaliforniaView Profile , David R. Ditzel Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New JerseyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 8Issue 6October 1980 pp 25–33https://doi.org/10.1145/641914.641917Published:01 October 1980Publication History 150citation7,305DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations150Total Downloads7,305Last 12 Months881Last 6 weeks328 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Collagen‐immobilized hydrogel as material for lamellar keratoplasty (1991)

A transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel disc covalently immobilized with Type I collagen, fibronectin, and an adhesive oligopeptide and preseeded with corneal epithelial cells was implanted in the rabbit cornea using a technique of lamellar keratoplasty, and the tissue response was studied by light and electron microscopy. Covalent immobilization of type I collagen on the surface of hydrogel was found to support growth and adhesion of the corneal epithelium in vitro. The in vivo experiment showed that cell seeding could prevent infection of the hydrogel. However, the implanted disc was rejected from the host cornea by epithelial downgrowth and the exchange between the seeded cells and host corneal epithelia was not observed until 14 days after surgery. The rejection might have occurred because of unsatisfactory fixation of the hydrogel to the host cornea.
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. General Characteristics 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Preparation 4. Analysis 5. Specific Aliphatic Hydroxycarboxylic Acids of Commercial Significance 5.1. Glycolic Acid (Hydroxyacetic Acid, 2‐Hydroxyethanoic Acid) 5.1.1. Preparation 5.1.2. Uses 5.1.3. Derivatives 5.2. Hydroxypropionic Acids and β‐Propiolactone 5.3. Hydroxybutyric Acids 5.4. ( R,S )‐Malic Acid [( R,S )‐Hydroxysuccinic Acid, ( R,S )‐Hydroxybutanedioic Acid] 6. Toxicology
Improvement of spontaneous alternation behavior deficit by activation of^|^alpha;4^|^beta;2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in the ganglioside GM3-deficient mice (2013)

We have reported that in ganglioside GM3-deficient (GM3(-/-)) mice, spontaneous alternation behavior assessed by a Y-maze task was significantly lower, and total arm entries were significantly higher than in wild-type mice. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) signaling in impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior of GM3(-/-) mice. Nicotine treatment (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) dose dependently improved the spontaneous alternation deficit without affecting total arm entries in GM3(-/-) mice. The nicotine-induced (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) improvement was significantly abolished by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). The α4β2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-β-erythroidine (2.5, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose dependently counteracted the nicotine-induced improvement of spontaneous alternation in GM3(-/-) mice, whereas the α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (2.5, 10.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. In addition, the α4β2 nAChR agonist RJR-2403 (5.0, 10.0 mg/kg, s.c.) dose dependently and significantly improved the spontaneous alternation deficit, whereas the α7 nAChR agonist PNU120596 (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not. These findings revealed that nicotine improved spontaneous alternation behavior of GM3(-/-) mice via the activation of α4β2, but not α7, nAChR. Thus, the ganglioside GM3 might be responsible for α4β2 nAChR signaling in the spontaneous alternation behavior.
Speech and Language Disorders in Children (2016)

Speech and language are central to the human experience; they are the vital means by which people convey and receive knowledge, thoughts, feelings, and other internal experiences. Acquisition of communication skills begins early in childhood and is foundational to the ability to gain access to culturally transmitted knowledge, organize and share thoughts and feelings, and participate in social interactions and relationships. Thus, speech disorders and language disorders—disruptions in communication development—can have wide-ranging and adverse impacts on the ability to communicate and also to acquire new knowledge and fully participate in society. Severe disruptions in speech or language acquisition have both direct and indirect consequences for child and adolescent development, not only in communication, but also in associated abilities such as reading and academic achievement that depend on speech and language skills.The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children provides financial assistance to children from low-income, resource-limited families who are determined to have conditions that meet the disability standard required under law. Between 2000 and 2010, there was an unprecedented rise in the number of applications and the number of children found to meet the disability criteria. The factors that contribute to these changes are a primary focus of this report. Speech and Language Disorders in Children provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders and levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. This study identifies past and current trends in the prevalence and persistence of speech disorders and language disorders for the general U.S. population under age 18 and compares those trends to trends in the SSI childhood disability population.
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Suprapubic Arch Sling (SPARC) and Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT): One-Year Results (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological survey1 Jan 2006Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Suprapubic Arch Sling (SPARC) and Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT): One-Year Results S. Andonian, T. Chen, B. St-Denis, and J. Corcos S. AndonianS. Andonian More articles by this author , T. ChenT. Chen More articles by this author , B. St-DenisB. St-Denis More articles by this author , and J. CorcosJ. Corcos More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00132-1AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Suprapubic Arch Sling (SPARC) and Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (TVT): One-Year Results." The Journal of Urology, 175(1), p. 224 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 1January 2006Page: 224 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information S. Andonian More articles by this author T. Chen More articles by this author B. St-Denis More articles by this author J. Corcos More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Separation of DNA Fragments by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis (1993)

Abstract High resolution separations of DNA fragments up to 10,000 base pairs have been performed using high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and capillary electrophoresis in entangled polymer solutions. These methods were compared with respect to their performance and efficiencies in the resolution of DNA fragments.
Seeking configurational optimization in computer systems (1975)

This paper develops analytic techniques for achieving macro-level configurational optimization of computer systems. The computer is viewed as a network of queues with the processors, main memory, auxiliary memory and the transfer channels being the servers. The objective function to be minimized is the total system cost divided by the probability of the CPU busy time for a given user benchmark. A queueing model is developed which evaluates this probability. The scope of optimization includes the determination of the parameters related to component selection and the determination of management oriented variables like degree of multiprogramming, main memory space allotted to each program. The optimization algorithm is a modified 'Direct Search Method'.
Response of<i>Azolla</i>to P, K, and Zn in Different Wetland Rice Soils in Relation to Chemistry of Floodwater (1986)

A pot culture test in the greenhouse investigated the supply of P, K, and Zn to Azolla from flooded soils and the kinetics of P, K, and Zn in floodwater. Eleven Philippine rice soils, ranging from loamy sand to clay and with a pH range of 4.7 to 7.7, were used. In each soil, no addition, minus P, minus K, minus Zn, and PKZn treatments were designed. Three elements were added just before Azolla inoculation, and Azolla was harvested 3 weeks after inoculation. The concentration of phosphate in floodwater decreased sharply to a level of minus P treatment within a week after its application. Phosphorus content in Azolla at harvest did not change by phosphate application. The decrease of K and Zn concentrations in floodwater was slower than that of P. Hence, K and Zn content of Azolla at harvest increased with K and Zn application. Phosphate concentration in floodwater at 1 week after Azolla inoculation and a high correlation coefficient (R=0.83) with Olsen P content in soils except for one soil. Azolla biomass ranged from 9 (dry weight) to 53 mg/10cm2 and its N content ranged from 2.1 to 5.2%. The N percent in Azolla had a high correlation coefficient with dry weight (R=0.953). All dry weight, N%, and total N of Azolla had a high correlation (R=0.63–0.55) with P content of Azolla, but not with either K or Zn, indicating that P supply limited the growth of Azolla. Critical level of P content in Azolla was about 0.15%. An alkaline soil gave lower biomass than expected from its P content. Among the P concentrations in floodwater measured at 1, 2, 3 weeks after Azolla inoculation, the measurement at 1 week gave the highest correlation with P content in Azolla (R=0.739). When floodwater P at 1 week was less than 0.1 ppm, Azolla was certainly deficient in P. When floodwater P was higher than 0.4 ppm P, the supply of P to Azolla was sufficient. In only two soils, minus K or minus Zn treatment gave a lower biomass than the PKZn treatment. But it was difficult to confirm the presence of K or Zn deficiency based on the K and Zn contents in Azolla.
MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report (2016)

phil.ewels@scilifelab.se.
Longistylumphyllines A–C, Three New Alkaloids from <i>Daphniphyllum longistylum</i> (2005)

Abstract Three new alkaloids, longistylumphyllines A–C (1–3), together with the six known alkaloids deoxycalyciphylline B, deoxyisocalyciphylline B, methyl homosecodaphniphyllate, daphnicyclidin A, daphnicyclidin B, and daphnicyclidin F, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Daphniphyllum longistylum. Their structures and relative configuration were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
Genetic Association Analysis of the Functional c.714T>G Polymorphism and Mucosal Expression of Dectin-1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2009)

Our data demonstrate that dectin-1 expression is elevated on macrophages, neutrophils, and other immune cells involved in the inflammatory reaction in IBD. The DECTIN-1 c.714T>G polymorphism however, is not a major susceptibility factor for developing IBD.
SPLAST: a novel approach for multicasting in mobile wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

Trees of special properties are required to provide efficient network management of group communications in mobile ad hoc networks. Usually, such trees try to balance between the requirements to minimize the total tree cost and the requirement to minimize the maximal shortest path. This work presents a novel solution for efficient multicast trees that fulfill both requirements called SPLAST. The following discussion covers the development process, starting from centralized static solution, through distributed implementation to a complete distributed algorithm that cope with various scenarios that are relevant to wireless ad hoc networks by efficient management and maintenance of the underlying components of the algorithm. Simulation inquiry shows that the average performance of SPLAST is attractive as well.
Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Water Extract on Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Rats (2002)

두충잎의 생약 및 식품 자원으로서의 이용성을 증진시킬 목적으로 두충잎의 물추출물을 사염화탄소를 투여한 흰쥐의 간손상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 정상군, 사염화탄소군, 두충잎 물추출액 투여군, 사염화탄소 처리 후 두충잎 물추출액을 투여한 군의 4개군으로 나누어 6주간 사육하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 혈청 중의 AST, ALT, LDH 활성은 사염화탄소 투여에 의해 현저히 증가하였으나 두충잎 물추출물을 함께 투여함으로 정상군과 비슷한 수준으로 회복되었다. 한편 사염화탄소에 의해 증가된 혈청중의 ALP 활성은 두충잎 투여에 의해 유의성 있게 감소하지 않았다. 혈청 중의 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 LDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 사염화탄소군에서만 유의적인 증가를 나타내었을 뿐 나머지 각 군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편 혈청 중의 HDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 두충 단독 투여군 및 사염화탄소 투여 후 두충잎 투여군이 정상군 및 사염화탄소 단독 투여군들보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 간조직 중의 총콜레스테롤, 총지질, 중성 지질의 함량은 사염화탄소에 의해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으나 두충잎 물추출액의 투여로 인해 이들의 함량이 유의성 있는 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 광학현미경에 의한 간조직 세포의 병리학적인 검사에서는 사염화탄소군에서 간손상시 나타나는 간조직의 지방변화, 풍선양 변성, 호산성 변성, 국소성 괴사, 부위별 괴사가 관찰되었으나 그후 두충잎 투여에서 변화가 나타나지 않아 간 손상이 회복되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 두충잎 열수 추출물은 CCl₄에 의해 손상된 간기능을 회복시키는데 효과가 있었으며, 특히 혈청지질 개선에 탁월한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Microwave Light Modulation by an Optically Pumped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Rb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>87</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Vapor (1968)

We have observed appreciable light modulation at the 6.835-GHz hfs transition frequency of optically pumped ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor. The frequency separation between the levels involved in the transition exceeded the total spectral width of the initial lamp profile. These observations indicate that persistent doubts as to the feasibility of a transmission-light-modulation experiment under such conditions are groundless.
Synthesis and Characterization of Block Copolymers of <i>ε</i>‐Caprolactone and <scp>DL</scp>‐Lactide Initiated by Ethylene Glycol or Poly(ethylene glycol) (2003)

Abstract Biodegradable copolymers were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of sequentially added ε ‐caprolactone and DL ‐lactide in the presence of ethylene glycol or poly(ethylene glycol), using zinc metal as catalyst. Polymerization was performed in bulk and yielded block copolymers with predetermined PEG/PCL/PLA segments. The obtained polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, SEC, IR, DSC, TGA, and X‐ray diffraction. Data showed that the copolymers preserved the excellent thermal behavior inherent to PCL. The crystallinity of PLA‐containing copolymers was reduced with respect to PCL homopolymer. The presence of both hydrophilic PEG and fast degrading PLA blocks should improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the materials, which are of interest for applications as substrate in drug delivery or as scaffolding in tissue engineering. Block copolymerization of ε ‐caprolactone and DL ‐lactide initiated by dihydroxyl PEG. magnified image Block copolymerization of ε ‐caprolactone and DL ‐lactide initiated by dihydroxyl PEG.
The <i>CDC42</i> Homolog of the Dimorphic Fungus <i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Is Required for Correct Cell Polarization during Growth but Not Development (2001)

The opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei is dimorphic and is thereby capable of growth either as filamentous multinucleate hyphae or as uninucleate yeast cells which divide by fission. The dimorphic switch is temperature dependent and requires regulated changes in morphology and cell shape. Cdc42p is a Rho family GTPase which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for changes in polarized growth during mating and pseudohyphal development. Cdc42p homologs in higher organisms are also associated with changes in cell shape and polarity. We have cloned a highly conserved CDC42 homolog from P. marneffei named cflA. By the generation of dominant-negative and dominant-activated cflA transformants, we have shown that CflA initiates polarized growth and extension of the germ tube and subsequently maintains polarized growth in the vegetative mycelium. CflA is also required for polarization and determination of correct cell shape during yeast-like growth, and active CflA is required for the separation of yeast cells. However, correct cflA function is not required for dimorphic switching and does not appear to play a role during the generation of specialized structures during asexual development. In contrast, heterologous expression of cflA alleles in Aspergillus nidulans prevented conidiation.
Information Systems in Management Science—A Prospectus for Future Columns (1971)

THE BULLETIN has recently taken on a new form. It was expanded to include articles and columns concerned with the operational problems in using Management Science. The move of this column from Management Science, where it was first published in 1967, prompted me to review its contents and plan a change in its format. I find the columns have followed no pre-set pattern. When unsolicited material was available, it was used, and other topics were selected on the basis of interest to me. Although much of the material still seems relevant, this style leaves some topics undiscussed while others are beaten to death. It also makes it difficult to solicit material. Below are listed a number of topics which will be discussed in later columns. By publishing this list, I have put myself under an obligation to write on a wider range of topics, while giving the reader an opportunity to write on any of the subjects which interest him, as well as to add to the list of potential topics.