gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phage Therapy of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection in a Mouse Burn Wound Model (2007)

ABSTRACT Mice compromised by a burn wound injury and subjected to a fatal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were administered a single dose of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage cocktail consisting of three different P. aeruginosa phages by three different routes: the intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), or intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The results of these studies indicated that a single dose of the P. aeruginosa phage cocktail could significantly decrease the mortality of thermally injured, P. aeruginosa -infected mice (from 6% survival without treatment to 22 to 87% survival with treatment) and that the route of administration was particularly important to the efficacy of the treatment, with the i.p. route providing the most significant (87%) protection. The pharmacokinetics of phage delivery to the blood, spleen, and liver suggested that the phages administered by the i.p. route were delivered at a higher dose, were delivered earlier, and were delivered for a more sustained period of time than the phages administered by the i.m. or s.c. route, which may explain the differences in the efficacies of these three different routes of administration.
Genetic fine-structure mapping in human chromosome 11 by use of repetitive DNA sequences. (1982)

A method is described for mapping of the DNA fragments of a human chromosome produced by restriction enzyme treatment of the total DNA from a hybrid cell containing a single human chromosome. The method involves production and selection of somatic cell mutants containing deletions of the human chromosome and application of a hybridization probe consisting of an individual member copy of a repetitive human DNA family. A linear map has been constructed of 19 marker DNA fragments and 5 immunological and biochemical markers on human chromosome 11, selected as a model chromosome for these studies. This approach appears to be widely applicable, is independent of cytogenetic analysis, promises to be capable of revealing the existence of rearrangements as well as deletions, appears to be amenable to further increase in resolving power, and offers potential application in various human genetic problems.
The mec-3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans requires its own product for maintained expression and is expressed in three neuronal cell types. (1989)

The homeo-box-containing gene mec-3 of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is expressed in several sensory neurons, as assayed by expression of a mec-3-lacZ fusion. These cells are the touch receptors, which mediate the response to gentle touch, and the FLP and PVD neurons. PVD mediates a response to harsh mechanical stimuli, and FLP has an ultrastructure suggestive of a mechanoreceptor, but its function is unknown. mec-3 is necessary for the differentiation of the touch receptors, because in mec-3 mutants, the touch receptors do not function and have none of their distinguishing features. mec-3 is also needed for PVD function: The PVD neurons no longer mediate a response to harsh mechanical stimuli in the mutants. The expression of the mec-3-lacZ fusion, and presumably mec-3 itself, is altered by mutations in several genes originally identified by their effects on touch cell development. unc-86, another homeo-box-containing gene, is necessary for all mec-3-lacZ expression, but also affects several other lineages and cells in which mec-3 is not expressed. mec-3 activity appears to be required for maintained expression of the mec-3-lacZ fusion in all cells in which it is expressed. In a mec-17 mutant, mec-3-lacZ expression is not maintained in the touch receptors, but is not affected in the FLP and PVD neurons. These findings suggest that combinatorial mechanisms of gene regulation control both the expression of mec-3 itself and its action in promoting the terminal differentiation of various cell types.
Multiple <i>hok</i> genes on the chromosome of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

The hok/sok locus of plasmid R1 mediates plasmid stabilization by the killing of plasmid-free cells. Many bacterial plasmids carry similar loci. For example, the F plasmid carries two hok homologues, flm and srnB, that mediate plasmid stabilization by this specialized type of programmed cell death. Here, we show that the chromosome of E. coli K-12 codes for five hok homologous loci, all of which specify Hok-like toxins. Three of the loci appear to be inactivated by the insertion elements IS150 or IS186 located close to but not in the toxin-encoding reading frames (i.e. hokA, hokC and hokE), one system is probably inactivated by point mutation (hokB), whereas the fifth system is inactivated by a major genetic rearrangement (hokD). In the ECOR collection of wild-type E. coli strains, we identified hokA and hokC loci without IS elements. A molecular and a genetic analysis show that the hokA and hokC loci specify unstable antisense RNAs and stable toxin-encoding mRNAs that are processed at their 3' ends. An alignment of the mRNA sequences reveals all the regulatory elements known to be required for correct folding and refolding of the plasmid-encoded mRNAs. The conserved elements include fbi that ensure a long-range interaction in the full-length mRNAs, and tac and antisense RNA target stem-loops that are required for translation and rapid antisense RNA binding of the processed mRNAs. Consistently, we find that the chromosome-encoded mRNAs are processed at their 3' ends, resulting in the presumed translationally active mRNAs. Despite the presence of all of the regulatory elements, the chromosome-encoded loci do not mediate plasmid stabilization by killing of plasmid-free cells. The chromosome-encoded mRNAs are poorly translated in vitro, thus yielding an explanation for the lacking phenotype. These observations suggest that the chromosomal hok-like genes may be induced by an as yet unknown signal.
Optically Active Polycarbonates:  Asymmetric Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOptically Active Polycarbonates: Asymmetric Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon DioxideKyoko Nozaki, Koji Nakano, and Tamejiro HiyamaView Author Information Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 47, 11008–11009Publication Date (Web):November 12, 1999Publication History Received12 July 1999Published online12 November 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992433bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992433brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2666Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymerization,Copolymers,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Techniques in Organic Chemistry: Miniscale, Standard Taper Microscale, and Williamson Microscale (2002)

PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIC LABORATORY ESSAY: The Role of the Laboratory Safety in the Laboratory Protecting the Environment Laboratory Notebooks and Prelaboratory Information PART II: CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS ESSAY: Learning to Do Organic Chemistry Laboratory Glassware Measurements and Transferring Reagents Heating and Cooling Methods Assembling a Reaction Apparatus Computational Chemistry Planning a Chemical Reaction PART III: SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES ESSAY: Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry Filtration Extraction Drying Organic Liquids and Recovering Reaction Products Boiling Points and Distillation Melting Points and Melting Ranges Recrystallization Specialized Techniques PART IV: CHROMOTOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND ANALYSES ESSAY: Modern Chromatographic Separations Thin-Layer Chromatography Liquid Chromotography Gas-Liquid Chromotography PART V: SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS ESSAY: The Spectroscopic Revolution Infrared Spectroscopy 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 13C and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Integrated Spectroscopy Problems
Sonoelastographic imaging of interference patterns for estimation of the shear velocity of homogeneous biomaterials (2004)

The shear wave velocity is one of a few important parameters that characterize the mechanical properties of bio-materials. In this paper, two noninvasive methods are proposed to measure the shear velocity by inspecting the shear wave interference patterns. In one method, two shear wave sources are placed on the opposite two sides of a sample, driven by the identical sinusoidal signals. The shear waves from the two sources interact to create interference patterns, which are visualized by the vibration sonoelastography technique. The spacing between the pattern bands equals half of the shear wavelength. The shear velocity can be obtained by taking the product of the wavelength and the frequency. An alternative method is to drive the two vibration sources at slightly different frequencies. In this case, the interference patterns no longer remain stationary. It is proved that the apparent velocity of the moving patterns is proportional to the shear velocity in the medium. Since the apparent velocity of the patterns can be measured by analysing the video sequence, the shear velocity can be obtained thereafter. These approaches are validated by a conventional shear wave time-of-flight approach, and they are accurate within 4% on various homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantoms.
Surface plasmon resonance as a probe of interactions between a thin‐film gold electrode and an aqueous supporting electrolyte containing 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid (2011)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical measurements are combined in this work to study the interactions of a gold film electrode with aqueous electrolytes of an ionic liquid (IL), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ethyl sulfate. The optical response of the bulk electrolyte strongly affects the SPR angles, and the critical angle data help to separate these bulk effects from those arising strictly from the electrode surface. The optical parameters of the Au‐electrolyte system are determined by fitting the SPR angle‐spectra to calculated results of a multilayer reflectivity model. Both in the absence and in the presence of externally applied voltages, the SPR signal of the experimental interface is dominated by the dielectric behavior of the bulk electrolyte. No significant chemisorptions are detected for the IL contents (0.036–0.087 mole fraction) of the electrolytes used. The results demonstrate how angle resolved SPR measurements can be employed to determine the suitability of specific ILs as solutes for aqueous background electrolytes in electrochemical SPR sensing experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Shariah Supervisory Board on Internal Shariah Audit Effectiveness: Evidence from Bahrain (2018)

This paper examined the role of Shariah supervisory board (SSB) on internal Shariah audit effectiveness in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in Bahrain. The study employed two stages of data collection and analysis: review of the literature and structured interview with SSB and Head of internal Shariah audit departments deemed important within the IFIs, to examine the role of SSB on internal Shariah audit effectiveness. The paper concluded that Islamic agency theory could serve as a theoretical foundation to build the conceptual framework on internal Shariah audit effectiveness. In the light of the theory, it was proposed that internal Shariah audit effectiveness could be enhanced by their SSB, independence and experience. Due to the position of SSB as the ultimate oversight organ in the IFIs, the SSB could influence on internal Shariah audit effectiveness in IFIs. The research perspective, this is the first study using Islamic agency theory to examines the role of SSB on internal Shariah audit effectiveness in IFIs in Bahrain.
Two-switch auxiliary resonant DC link snubber-assisted three-phase V-connection ZVS-PWM inverter with two quadrant ZVS-PWM chopper (2004)

This paper is concerned with a novel proposal of the utility AC interactive three-phase soft commutation sinewave PWM power conditioner. The prototype of this power conditioner is developed for solar photovoltaic power generation system and parallel processing UPS with new type battery and super capacitor energy storage devices, which is composed of two quadrant soft switching PWM chopper with step-up and step-down voltage operating modes, three-phase V-connection soft switching PWM inverter incorporating a single two-switch auxiliary resonant DC link snubber into one phase of three-phase bridge legs with divided capacitors, and the three-phase utility AC power source grid. In addition, the operating principle of the proposed power conversion conditioning circuit and system including some unique features is described and discussed, which is based upon high-frequency soft switching sinewave PWM scheme. Furthermore, the operating performances; waveform quality and actual efficiency of cost effective utility interactive power conversion conditioning and processing circuit treated here are evaluated and discussed on the basis of experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: ETHYNYL P‐TOLYL SULFONE AS AN ACETYLENE EQUIVALENT IN DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS (1980)

Abstract Konjugierte Diene reagieren mit Ethinyl‐p‐tolyl‐sulfon zu den Cycloaddukten (Ia) bis (Va), die mit Natriumamalgam zu den 1,4‐Cyclohexadienen (Ib)‐(Vb) reduziert werden.
Ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by neoplasms: The value of measurements of immunoreactive hCG in the urine as a screening procedure (1980)

Immunoreactive human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) was measured in serum and urine extracts from patients with malignant disease using a radioimmunoassay that detects efficiently hCG and its betasubunit. Of the 70 patients examined, 12 (17.1%) were positive for hCG in serum and 31 44.3%) in urine. Eleven patients who were positive in serum were also positive in urine; 20 patients (28.6%) were positive only in urine. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of urine from two serum-negative and urine-positive patients showed that the hCG immunoreactive material in the urine of these patients was mostly a molecular species smaller than hCG and hCG-beta. The nature of this molecule(s) is unknown and is called here metabolite(s) "X" of hCG-beta. The urine of 2 patients who where positive for hCG in both serum and urine contained considerable amount of metabolite(s) "X" as well as the native hCG-beta subunit, which was present also in the serum of these 2 patients. The metabolite(s) "X" was also shown by chromatography in the urine of a pregnant woman. It is concluded that the ectopic production of hCG is found more than twice as frequently in urine as compared to when serum alone is examined. The urine of serum-negative tumor patients can be positive for hCG because of the presence in it of the metabolite(s) "X" of hCG-beta or hCG which presumably circulates in the blood of these patients at non-detectable levels.
Treatment outcome of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a retrospective multicenter analysis (2017)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) universally recurs with dismal prognosis. We evaluated the efficacy of standard treatment strategies for patients with recurrent GBM (rGBM). From two centers in the Netherlands, 299 patients with rGBM after first-line treatment, diagnosed between 2005 and 2014, were retrospectively evaluated. Four different treatment strategies were defined: systemic treatment (SYST), re-irradiation (RT), re-resection followed by adjuvant treatment (SURG) and best supportive care (BSC). Median OS for all patients was 6.5 months, and median PFS (excluding patients receiving BSC) was 5.5 months. Older age, multifocal lesions and steroid use were significantly associated with a shorter survival. After correction for confounders, patients receiving SYST (34.8%) and SURG (18.7%) had a significantly longer survival than patients receiving BSC (39.5%), 7.3 and 11.0 versus 3.1 months, respectively [HR 0.46 (p < 0.001) and 0.36 (p < 0.001)]. Median survival for patients receiving RT (7.0%) was 9.2 months, but this was not significantly different from patients receiving BSC (p = 0.068). Patients receiving SURG compared to SYST had a longer PFS (9.0 vs. 4.3 months, respectively; p < 0.001), but no difference in OS was observed. After adjustments for confounders, patients with rGBM selected for treatment with SURG or SYST do survive significantly longer than patients who are selected for BSC based on clinical parameters. The value of reoperation versus systemic treatment strategies needs further investigation.
Cryptococcal Meningitis: Implications for the Otologist (2002)

Cryptococcal meningitis can present to the otologist with hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. A man with cryptococcal meningitis presenting with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction is described. The difficulty in arriving at the diagnosis and consequences of misdiagnosis are discussed. Histological and clinical studies suggest that the cochlear nerve is likely to be damaged in patients who have deafness associated with this disease. Retrocochlear damage may result in cochlear implantation having a poor outcome.
Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes (2020)

Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. The activation of microglia and astrocytes is heterogeneous and traditionally categorized as neurotoxic (M1-phenotype microglia and A1-phenotype astrocytes) or neuroprotective (M2-phenotype microglia and A2-phenotype astrocytes). However, this dichotomized classification may not reflect the various phenotypes of microglia and astrocytes. The relationship between these activated glial cells is also very complicated, and the phenotypic distribution can change, based on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the roles of microglia and astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases is essential for developing effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the roles of inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the contributions of microglia and astrocytes and their relationship. In addition, we discuss biomarkers to measure neuroinflammation and studies on therapeutic drugs that can modulate neuroinflammation.
A reliable pressurized water target for F‐18 production at high beam currents (1989)

Peer Reviewed
Full-Length Genome Sequences of Senecavirus A from Recent Idiopathic Vesicular Disease Outbreaks in U.S. Swine (2015)

Since July 2015, vesicular lesions affecting growing pigs and sows accompanied with neonatal mortality have been reported in multiple U.S. states. Senecavirus A has been consistently detected from these cases. The complete genome sequences of 3 recent U.S. Senecavirus A isolates were determined to further characterize this virus.
Molecular aspects in the regulation of renal inorganic phosphate reabsorption: the type IIa sodium/inorganic phosphate co-transporter as the key player (2001)

The type IIa sodium/inorganic phosphate co-transporter is the rate-limiting inorganic phosphate transport pathway in renal brush-border membranes, and is thus a key player in overall inorganic phosphate homeostasis. Its regulation is mostly associated with membrane retrieval/reinsertion (traffic) of the transport protein. This membrane traffic is controlled by specific 'motifs' at the level of the transporter protein and probably involves interacting proteins (e.g. for scaffolding, regulation or sorting). The intracellular signaling mechanisms (e.g. the involvement of kinases) and the involvement of the cytoskeleton are not yet understood. Hereditary alterations in renal inorganic phosphate handling can be associated with factors controlling the expression of the brush-border type IIa sodium/inorganic phosphate co-transporter.
Structural evolution of extensional basin margins (1984)

A new model for the structural development of extensional basins is outlined. The model suggests a close similarity in geometry between faults in high extension basins such as the North Sea and those in contractional zones. The geometric analogues are discussed and where necessary new terms are introduced to describe the structural style in the context of basin formation. Parallels are noted between contractional and extensional systems in deep crustal control on ramp and flat deformation zones which are now being interpreted from deep reflection work, e.g. MOIST and COCORP. The model is based on interpretation of industry seismic records particularly in the North Sea, and on field analogues of extensional faulting in the Basin and Range province of Nevada.
Adaptive WHTS-Assisted SDMA-OFDM Scheme for Fair Resource Allocation in Multi-User Visible Light Communications (2016)

This paper proposes applying Walsh–Hadamard transform spreading (WHTS) in conjunction with space-division multiple access (SDMA) in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system to provide enhanced multi-user downlink capability in visible light communication (VLC) scenarios. VLC environments are characterized by strong interference from the emissions of adjacent lamps. Thus, SDMA-OFDM schemes can be applied to enable multi-user capability while ensuring a highly efficient use of the limited available bandwidth. However, these SDMA-OFDM systems can only provide multiple access for a small number of users whenever there is enough channel diversity to separate the users’ information. This is the case, for example, when each single user is associated with a specific emitting lamp and angle-diversity receiving techniques are applied. However, to accommodate a greater number of users requires a user’s distribution in the frequency domain. In this sense, the proposed Walsh–Hadamard transform spreading scheme provides a fair assignment of the available subcarriers among the different users leading to an identical throughput and bit error rate (BER) for users allocated to the same emitting lamp. This BER is also controllable by means of an adaptive throughput mechanism. The numerical results show that the proposed adaptive WHTS-assisted SDMA-OFDM system in a full-user scenario presents a similar performance to that of an adaptive SDMA-OFDM system irrespective of the number of users per lamp, while providing enhanced multi-user capability. Finally, an adaptive algorithm for resource allocation is evaluated, demonstrating a high degree of satisfaction (regarding demanded data rates) when large numbers of users are simultaneously served.