gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-diazopropane (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-diazopropaneRobert A. Shepard and Patrick L. SciaraffaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 3, 964–965Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01341a511https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01341a511research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Buckling characterization of vertical ZnO nanowires using nanoindentation (2007)

Nanomechanical characterization of vertical well-aligned single-crystal ZnO nanowires on ZnO:Ga/glass templates was performed by nanoindentation technique. The buckling loads were found to be 1465 and 215μN for the ZnO nanowires of 100 and 30nm diameters, respectively. Furthermore, the buckling energies for the ZnO nanowires of 100 and 30nm diameters were 3.62×10−10 and 3.69×10−11J, respectively. Based on the Euler buckling model, Young’s modulus of the individual ZnO nanowire has been derived from two possible modes in this work.
Clinical Trial Design for Target-Based Therapy (2002)

Anticancer drug discovery has shifted from an empiric random screening directed approach to a more rational and mechanistic, target-based approach, which reflects our rapidly expanding knowledge of the pathogenesis of a variety of forms of cancer at the molecular level, providing new targets for drug discovery and development. The clinical development of target-based anticancer drugs will require fundamental changes to the traditional clinical trial design and end points that have been used for conventional cytotoxic drugs. In the phase I and II settings, traditional end points (toxicity and response) may not be suitable for more selective, cytostatic target-based agents, and these end points may be replaced by biological or pharmacokinetic end points to define the optimal doses and the therapeutic effects of these drugs on their targets. For phase III trials, measurable clinical benefit will continue to be the primary end point. As our understanding of the complex pathways and networks controlling cell signaling, proliferation, and cell death expands, we must learn how and when to use agents to target specific steps in malignant transformation and proliferation, and we must adapt clinical trial design to test the clinical utility of this promising new class of anticancer drugs.
Fetal electrocardiogram extraction by source subspace separation (1995)

A high-precision method is presented for the extraction of the fetal electrocardiogram from multi-channel potential recordings on the mother&apos;s skin. First the problem is appropriately formulated in terms of blind source separation, where the sources can have a multidimensional nature. As a summary of preceding work it is shown how the fetal electrocardiogram can be reconstructed by means of second-order tools. However an extra higher-order processing step enhances the accuracy and allows to identify the transfer from source to electrode. The method is illustrated with an example. 1.
82 nm of continuous tunability for an external cavity semiconductor laser (1991)

A wavelength tunability of 82 nm without mode hopping has been obtained with an external cavity semiconductor laser emitting around 1540 nm by combined rotation/translation of a diffraction grating. This demonstrates for the first time the tunability of an optical oscillator having a spectral purity better than 100 kHz over more than 10,000 GHz.
Detection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in Diverse Species and of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 by Using Consensus Primers within the <i>pol</i> Region (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is the result of cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sooty mangabey monkeys to humans. Primer pairs (intHIV-2/SIV) based on a region of integrase that has considerable homology across HIV-2 and SIV lineages were designed to develop a broadly cross-reactive molecular assay to detect lentivirus infection in primates. The intHIV-2/SIV primers detect HIV-2 and simian viruses SIVcpz, SIVsmm, SIVsyk, SIVagm, and SIVmnd. The primers are also capable of amplifying some HIV-1 strains. Additionally, sequences from the integrase amplicons were of sufficient genetic diversity to permit not only phylogenetic clustering of all simian viruses to their respective lineages but also HIV type and group classification. Thus, the primers described here provide a method to detect primate lentiviruses from diverse species of nonhuman primates, as well as from persons infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2.
学会处理争议：反复参与，专业知识以及在世界贸易组织的声誉 (2014)

目次 一、介绍 （一）国际贸易争端中的法律和交际手段 （二）反复参与理论和WTO 二、WTO争端的变化模型 （一）制度效果 （二）法律实力和复杂性 （三）贸易影响 （四）世界经济影响 （五）争端经验对争端转变由评审团审议的影响 三、争端经验的特征描述 （一）经验很重要：专业知识不仅仅是法律知识 （二）个人专业知识的积累以及国与国之间的不平等性
Soybean Cultivar Differences in Ureides and the Relationship to Drought Tolerant Nitrogen Fixation and Manganese Nutrition (2000)

Water deficit in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] results in the accumulation of the products of N 2 fixation (ureides) in shoots, and this may lead to feedback inhibition of N 2 fixation. Manganese is required for ureide degradation in leaves, and it was hypothesized that increased leaf Mn +2 would alleviate ureide accumulation during drought, lessen feedback inhibition, and prolong N 2 fixation. In a growth chamber experiment, ureides supplied through roots decreased N 2 fixation in well‐watered plants, and a soybean cultivar with demonstrated tolerance of N 2 fixation to water deficit (Jackson) had a lesser concentration of shoot ureides following exogenous ureide application than a cultivar sensitive to water deficit (KS4895). In a greenhouse experiment, N 2 fixation in Jackson under moderate water deficit was not different from the control in the absence or presence of soil‐applied Mn +2 , whereas N 2 fixation in KS4895 was 30% of the control in the absence of soil‐applied Mn +2 and 111% of the control in the presence of soil‐applied Mn +2 Increased N 2 fixation in KS4895 with soil‐applied Mn +2 under water deficit was associated with decreased shoot ureide concentration. In field experiments, Jackson consistently had lesser shoot ureide concentrations than did KS4895, and enzymatic degradation of ureides was greater for Jackson on one date than for KS4895. We concluded that ureides inhibit N 2 fixation, that genetic variation in the ability to degrade ureides may be important in drought tolerance, and that increased leaf Mn +2 concentration promotes ureide breakdown and prolongs N 2 fixation under water deficit.
Odor (2014)

Abstract This chapter describes the nature of the odor of foods. The concept of odor is comparable the image we have of the shape of a tent. The way in which poles of different heights are placed to support the tent fabric is what gives the tent its shape. If the number or the position or the height of the poles change, another shape will be formed. In the same way, if a little orange blossom water is added to a strawberry, a new smell will be produced. Sensory physiology provides a wealth of evidence to suggest that this phenomenon is responsible for the discovery of many classic combinations in cooking: chestnut and fennel, carrot and orange, and so on.
Querying Data under Access Limitations (2008)

Data sources on the web are often accessible through web interfaces that present them as relational tables, but require certain attributes to be mandatorily selected, e.g., via a web form. In a scenario where we integrate a set of such sources, and we pose queries over them, the values needed to access a source may have to be retrieved from other sources that are possibly not even mentioned in the query: answering queries at best can then be done only with a potentially recursive query plan that gets all obtainable answers to the query. Since data sources are typically distributed over a network, a major cost indicator for the execution of a query plan is the number of accesses to remote sources. In this paper we present an optimization technique for conjunctive queries that produces a query plan that: (1) minimizes the number of accesses according to a strong notion of minimality; (2) excludes all sources that are not relevant for the query. We introduce Toorjah, a prototype system that answers queries posed on sources with limitations by means of optimized query plans. Toorjah adopts a strategy that is aimed to retrieve answers as early as possible during query processing, and to present them to the user as they are computed. We provide experimental evidence of the effectiveness of our optimization, by showing the reduction of the number of accesses in a large number of cases.
The aroma of blueberries (1983)

Abstract The volatile components of bilberry, bog blueberry and cultivated high‐bush blueberry (cv. Rancocas) were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Several new compounds not reported previously as blueberry volatiles were detected. These included methyl and ethyl 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutanoate, methyl and ethyl 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutanoate, 2‐phenylethyl formate, methyl salicylate, farnesol, farnesyl acetate, vanillin, myristicine, 4‐vinylphenol, 2‐methoxy‐5‐vinylphenol, citronellol, hydroxycitronellol and some γ‐ and δ‐lactones. The character impact compounds of bilberry were found to be the above‐mentioned hydroxy esters together with 2‐phenylethanol and its esters and the γ‐ and δ‐lactones, whereas myristicine, citronellol, hydroxycitronellol, farnesol and farnesyl acetate were typical of the aroma of high‐bush blueberry.
Pharmacometabonomic Phenotyping Reveals Different Responses to Xenobiotic Intervention in Rats (2007)

In conventional pharmacological studies, intersubject differences within an animal strain are normally neglected, leading to variations in pharmacological outcomes in response to the same stimulus. Using two classical experimental models, the Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model of Wistar rats and the high-energy, diet-induced obesity model of Sprague-Dawley rats, we demonstrate that the different outcomes of STZ or diet intervention are closely associated with variation in predose (baseline) urinary metabolic profiles of the rats. The pharmacometabonomic analysis of predose metabolic profiles indicates that the intersubject difference is, to a great extent, associated with gut-microbiota, which predisposes different pathophysiological outcomes upon diet alteration or chemical stimulus. We hypothesize that there may exist an important association between observations from these two models and the obese/diabetic human population in that subtle variations in metabolic phenotype may predetermine different systems' responses to xenobiotic perturbation, ultimately leading to varied pathophysiological processes. Results from two independent models also suggest that the pharmacometabonomics approach is of great importance in the study of pharmacology and clinical drug evaluations, where endogenous metabolite signatures of predose individuals should be taken into consideration to minimize intersubject difference and the resulting variation in the postdose pharmacological outcomes.
Optical Imaging in Cancer Research: Basic Principles, Tumor Detection, and Therapeutic Monitoring (2011)

Accurate and rapid detection of diseases is of great importance for assessing the molecular basis of pathogenesis, preventing the onset of complications, and implementing a tailored therapeutic regimen. The ability of optical imaging to transcend wide spatial imaging scales ranging from cells to organ systems has rejuvenated interest in using this technology for medical imaging. Moreover, optical imaging has at its disposal diverse contrast mechanisms for distinguishing normal from pathologic processes and tissues. To accommodate these signaling strategies, an array of imaging techniques has been developed. Importantly, light absorption, and emission methods, as well as hybrid optical imaging approaches are amenable to both small animal and human studies. Typically, complex methods are needed to extract quantitative data from deep tissues. This review focuses on the development of optical imaging platforms, image processing techniques, and molecular probes, as well as their applications in cancer diagnosis, staging, and monitoring therapeutic response.
Road scene labeling using SfM module and 3D bag of textons (2009)

Structure from motion (SfM) and appearance-based segmentation have played an important role in the interpretation of road scenes. The integration of these approaches can lead to good performance during interpretation since the relation between 3D spatial structure and 2D semantic segmentation can be taken into account. This paper presents a new integration framework using an SfM module and a bag of textons method for road scene labeling. By using a multi-band image, which consists of a near-infrared and a visible color image, we can generate better discriminative textons than those generated by using only a color image. Our SfM module can accurately estimate the ego motion of the vehicle and reconstruct a 3D structure of the road scene. The bag of textons is computed over local rectangular regions: its size depends on the distance of the textons. Therefore, the 3D bag of textons method can help to effectively recognize the objects of a road scene because it considers the object's 3D structure. For solving the labeling problem, we employ a pairwise conditional random field (CRF) model. The unary potential of the CRF model is affected by SfM results, and the pairwise potential is optimized by the multi-band image intensity. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively classify the objects in a 2D road scene with 3D structures. The proposed system can revolutionize 3D scene understanding systems used for vehicle environment perception.
A “grid-free” channel router (1980)

A grid-free channel router (termed GFR) is reported. GFR does not employ grid lines and can obtain better results than the fixed-grid method. Additionally, GFR has several optional functions, such as constraint loop breaking, total branch length minimization, constraint chain cutting and layer changing. The algorithms of these functions are outlined and results obtained by using them are presented.
To the production of a robust and highly accurate MEMS vibrating accelerometer (2017)

This paper presents Thales main results for the maturity development activities of TopAxyz MEMS Vibrating Beam Accelerometer (VBA) using a differential resonator architecture implemented on a planar SOI silicon layer. Proof of concept with Navigation grade performances level has already been presented at ISS2012. Development focused on two major challenges: to reach a high production yield and to demonstrate a high reliability level. It was mandatory to demonstrate these two topics to have a product with high maturity level at the product launch. In this paper we present the major design choices on MEMS, electronics architecture and packaging to reach yield and reliability. Product performances are detailed with highlights on navigation grade key characteristics which are bias and scale factor temperature stability, vibration susceptibility, warm-up response and random walk. Product reliability demonstration activities are also presented with examples on characterization of ESD and thermal cycles susceptibility. Evaluation of product long term bias and scale factor stability after 9 years storage associated to accelerated ageing are used to secure device lifetime. The VBA concept allows Thales to offer digital navigation grade MEMS accelerometer with demonstrated outstanding performances, cumulating very high input range (up to 100 g), below 50 Mg bias accuracy and less than 10 ppm scale factor accuracy. Thales MEMS accelerometer, compatible with the highest certified aerospace applications under DO-254 standards, now complements the current TopAxyz product line covering all applications in aerospace, land and naval domains.
The anomalous threshold voltage shift of N- and P-MOSFET under flow and reflow of BPSG film with RTA and/or furnace (1994)

Different post oxide annealing technologies, i.e. furnace and/or RTA were done in borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) films under flow and reflow. It is found that the threshold voltage shift is apparent in P-MOSFET but small in N-MOSFET for a device with RTA reflow. Base on the charge pumping measurement, the donor-type interface states generated by RTA reflow process are supposed to play a major role in this shift. The authors explain the mechanism of RTA induced donor-like interface states in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A risk management prototype using object-oriented APL (1994)

After a quick introduction to Financial Risk Management, I show that Object-Oriented Technology (OOT) fits well with the demands of Risk Management. I then outline the analysis, design, and implementation of a prototype system for Risk Management using both OOT and APL. I describe a Dyalog APL implementation of OOT, and conclude by wondering whether APL is really suitable for OOT.
[Expression of precore and core proteins of hepatitis B virus in human hepatoma cell line]. (2002)

To further investigate the functions of proteins encoded by C open reading frame of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HBV infectious cycle, cell lines expressing these proteins were established. The DNA fragments encoding 25 000, 22 000 precore-core and 21 000 core protein respectively were amplified from plasmid pCP10 which contained HBV genome, and inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA-3, and then transfected into hepatoma cell line HepG2. The transformants were selected with neomycin, and three isolated colonies expressing precore or core proteins were obtained stably, which were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis.
A duplicated pair of Arabidopsis RING‐finger E3 ligases contribute to the RPM1‐ and RPS2‐mediated hypersensitive response (2005)

The Arabidopsis RPM1 protein confers resistance to disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae strains delivering either the AvrRpm1 or AvrB type III effector proteins into host cells. We characterized two closely related RPM1-interacting proteins, RIN2 and RIN3. RIN2 and RIN3 encode RING-finger type ubiquitin ligases with six apparent transmembrane domains and an ubiquitin-binding CUE domain. RIN2 and RIN3 are orthologs of the mammalian autocrine motility factor receptor, a cytokine receptor localized in both plasma membrane caveolae and the endoplasmic reticulum. RIN2 is predominantly localized to the plasma membrane, as are RPM1 and RPS2. The C-terminal regions of RIN2 and RIN3, including the CUE domain, interact strongly with an RPM1 N-terminal fragment and weakly with a similar domain from the Arabidopsis RPS2 protein. RIN2 and RIN3 can dimerize through their C-terminal regions. The RING-finger domains of RIN2 and RIN3 encode ubiquitin ligases. Inoculation with P. syringae DC3000(avrRpm1) or P. syringae DC3000(avrRpt2) induces differential decreases of RIN2 mobility in SDS-PAGE and disappearance of the majority of RIN2. A rin2 rin3 double mutant expresses diminished RPM1- and RPS2-dependent hypersensitive response (HR), but no alteration of pathogen growth. Thus, the RIN2/RIN3 RING E3 ligases apparently act on a substrate that regulates RPM1- and RPS2-dependent HR.
A solid-state image sensor for image recording at 2000 frames per second (1982)

We describe a solid-state sensor for image recording at frame rates up to 2000 full or 12 000 partial frames per second (fps). The sensor consists of a 192 V × 248 H array of photocapacitors. For high-speed operation the image-sensing area is divided into 6 blocks, each with 32 parallel outputs. The blocks are addressed sequentially, and the 32 outputs are sensed simultaneously. The sensor dynamic range is 46 dB at 2000 fps. Data on sensor speed, spectral sensitivity, noise, and spatial resolution are presented and compared with those of models.
Simulator for the evaluation of distributed network-system performance (1996)

The INSYDE simulator was developed as a tool for estimating the performance of large-scale, complex computer systems using graphical type figures to describe system operations. This paper provides an overview of an enhanced version of INSYDE that can be applied to distributed network systems. The model description method and a number of application examples are also presented. A major challenge in simulating distributed network systems that interconnect multiple computer systems over a network is how to describe the intricate, complex model conditions of computer systems including task processing and interrupts on the one hand, and network-related model conditions (e.g., [email protected] protocol, media access method, congestion control, broadcast communication, and so on) on the other in the most parsimonious fashion with the least amount of model description. In this work, the complex and intricate conditions of distributed network systems are simply described by creating a protocol media access method library, realizing packet splitting/merging and broadcast communication functions as nodes, adding system information that can be checked for congestion control, and multiplexing task processing.
Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Induced by Ventricular Ectopy (2011)

This novel PVC animal model demonstrates that frequent PVCs alone can induce a reversible form of cardiomyopathy in otherwise structurally normal hearts. PVC-induced cardiomyopathy lacks gross histopathologic and mitochondrial abnormalities seen in other canine models of cardiomyopathy.
RFID Solutions: Parking Optimization and Customer Satisfaction (2006)

This paper presents a capstone project that has designed and implemented a RFID parking pilot project that will involve the creation of a wireless real-time system to collect timely data for statistical analysis. This data will yield statistical results on specific parking lots on Texas A & M campus and will assist in a better understanding of the commuters’ behavior. To provide the practical and accurate answer by collecting real-time data, the project will implement the system that incorporates both, RFID and GPS technologies. The data collected from the system will be wirelessly transmitted via