gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly of Fluorinated Boronic Esters and 4,4′-Bipyridine into 2:1 N→B Adducts and Inclusion of Aromatic Guest Molecules in the Solid State: Application for the Separation of <i>o</i>,<i>m</i>,<i>p</i>-Xylene (2018)

A series of 2:1 fluorinated arylboronic ester adducts with 4,4′-bipyridine sustained by N→B dative bonds have been synthesized. The degree of fluorination in the arylboronic esters derived from catechol is shown to modulate the molecular conformation of the coordinated boronic ester moieties and the intermolecular interactions by means of C–H···F and F···F contacts that sustain the crystal lattices. The adduct derived from the catechol ester of 2,4-difluorophenylboronic acid was chosen to examine the formation of inclusion complexes with a large number of aromatic guests, affording solvates, cocrystals, and a cocrystal solvate. Six different crystal structure types with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:2:2 N→B adduct–guest ratios were observed, whose supramolecular organization is strongly influenced by the formation of sandwich-type complexes between the host and guest molecules. The host–guest interactions involve π···π interactions with the bipyridine linkers and additional contacts with the catecholate and B-arylF substituents, indicating a large flexibility of the N→B adducts to adapt to the guest stereochemistry. The versatility of the crystallization system was employed to isolate o-xylene from an equimolar mixture of o-, m-, and p-xylene.
A digital chip timing recovery loop for band-limited direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals (1993)

Migration towards a full-digital implementation of modems is currently one of the main trends in transmission systems design. The authors describe a noncoherent all-digital delay lock loop (DDLL) suited for chip timing synchronization in band-limited direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems, and they thoroughly analyze its performance. The key features of this novel scheme are represented by its low-complexity processing section together with its good tracking capability. Analytical expressions for the DDLL S-curve and steady-state timing jitter are derived and confirmed by a time-domain computer simulation. Furthermore, the Mean Time to Lose Lock (MTLL) of the loop is evaluated and some numerical results are reported. The proposed chip timing synchronization scheme reveals also an improved tracking performance when compared to the traditional analog DLL for rectangular chip DS/SS signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Restricted and Selective Tropism of a Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus-Derived Replicon Vector for Human Dendritic Cells (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) consist of heterogeneous phenotypic populations and have diverse immunostimulatory functions dependent on both lineage and functional phenotype, but as exceptionally potent antigen-presenting cells, they are targets for generating effective antigen-specific immune responses. A promising replicon particle vector derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) has been reported to transduce murine footpad DCs. However, the receptive DC subset, the degree of restriction for this tropism, and the extent of conservation between rodents and humans have not been well characterized. Using fresh peripheral blood DCs, mononuclear cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived DCs, our results demonstrate conservation of VEE replicon particle (VRP) tropism for DCs between humans and rodents. We observed that a subset of immature myeloid DCs is the target population, and that VRP-transduced immature DCs retain intact functional capacity, for example, the ability to resist the cytopathic effects of VRP transduction and the capacity to acquire the mature phenotype. These studies support the demonstration of selective VRP tropism for human DCs and provide further insight into the biology of the VRP vector, its parent virus, and human DCs.
Architectural support for hypervisor-secure virtualization (2012)

Virtualization has become a standard part of many computer systems. A key part of virtualization is the all-powerful hypervisor which manages the physical platform and can access all of its resources, including memory assigned to the guest virtual machines (VMs). Continuing releases of bug reports and exploits in the virtualization software show that defending the hypervisor against attacks is very difficult. In this work, we present hypervisor-secure virtualization - a new research direction with the goal of protecting the guest VMs from an untrusted hypervisor. We also present the HyperWall architecture which achieves hypervisor-secure virtualization, using hardware to provide the protections. HyperWall allows a hypervisor to freely manage the memory, processor cores and other resources of a platform. Yet once VMs are created, our new Confidentiality and Integrity Protection (CIP) tables protect the memory of the guest VMs from accesses by the hypervisor or by DMA, depending on the customer's specification. If a hypervisor does become compromised, e.g. by an attack from a malicious VM, it cannot be used in turn to attack other VMs. The protections are enabled through minimal modifications to the microprocessor and memory management units. Whereas much of the previous work concentrates on protecting the hypervisor from attacks by guest VMs, we tackle the problem of protecting the guest VMs from the hypervisor.
Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2 (2018)

This document defines a mechanism for running the WebSocket Protocol
(RFC 6455) over a single stream of an HTTP/2 connection.
Cultured human nasal epithelial multicellular spheroids: polar cyst-like model tissues (1991)

We report here a new readily cultured nonadherent hollow spheroidal epithelial tissue model: human nasal epithelial multicellular spheroids, prepared from brushings of human nasal epithelium in vivo. Although cultured cyst-like epithelial models developed from embryonic, transformed, or polypoid tissues have been reported previously, human nasal epithelial multicellular spheroids are derived from normal mature nontransformed human airway epithelial cells. In our studies, spheroids ranged in size from 50 to 700 microns diameter (averaging approximately 250 microns). Cells of the spheroid displayed morphological polarity and formed junctional complexes. Transcellular electrolyte transport may underlie the increase in spheroid size which occurred in culture. The ease and simplicity of the brushing and culture procedures reported here render normal and diseased human cell populations more readily accessible to investigation. We believe human nasal epithelial multicellular spheroids may have important applications in the study of electrolyte and fluid transport processes, ciliary motility, epithelial polarity, cellular metabolism, and drug cytotoxicity in normal and pathophysiological states of the human respiratory tract (e.g., cystic fibrosis).
Synchronization techniques for HIPERLAN/2 (2002)

HIPERLAN/2 is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless LAN standard. The transmission format in HIPERLAN/2 is a burst where the data are always preceded by a preamble. In this paper a reliable synchronization method for a burst data transmission is presented. The algorithm can find the start of the frame and estimate the initial sample of each OFDM symbol. The robustness of the proposed algorithms is checked in adverse conditions of SNP, clipping and multipath.
Simultaneous measurement of thermal diffusivity and effusivity of solids using the flash technique in the front-face configuration (2015)

Both thermal diffusivity and effusivity (or conductivity) are necessary to characterize the thermal transport properties of a material. The flash method is the most recognized procedure to measure the thermal diffusivity of free-standing opaque plates. However, it fails to simultaneously obtain the thermal effusivity (or conductivity). This is due to the difficulty of knowing the total energy absorbed by the sample surface after the light pulse. In this work, we propose using the flash method in the front-face configuration on a two-layer system made of the unknown plate and a fluid of known thermal properties. We demonstrate that the surface temperature is sensitive to the thermal mismatch between the plate and the fluid, which is governed by their thermal effusivity ratio. In order to verify the validity of the method and to establish its application limits we have performed flash measurements, using a pulsed laser and an infrared camera, on a set of calibrated materials (metals, alloys, ceramics and polymers) covering a wide range of thermal transport properties. These results confirm the ability of the flash method to simultaneously retrieve thermal diffusivity and effusivity in a fast manner in samples whose effusivities are lower than three times the effusivity of the liquid used as backing fluid.
Comparisons of optical pH and dissolved oxygen sensors with traditional electrochemical probes during mammalian cell culture (2007)

Small-scale upstream bioprocess development often occurs in flasks and multi-well plates. These culturing platforms are often not equipped to accurately monitor and control critical process parameters; thus they may not yield conditions representative of manufacturing. In response, we and others have developed optical sensors that enable small-scale process monitoring. Here we have compared two parameters critical to control in industrial cell culture, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), measured with our optical sensors versus industrially accepted electrochemical probes. For both optical sensors, agreement with the corresponding electrochemical probe was excellent. The Pearson Correlations between the optical sensors and electrochemical probes were 98.7% and 99.7%, for DO and pH, respectively. Also, we have compared optical pH sensor performance in regular (320 mOsm/kg) and high-osmolality (450 mOsm/kg) cell culture media to simulate the increase in osmolality in pH-controlled cultures. Over a pH range of 6.38-7.98 the average difference in pH readings in the two media was 0.04 pH units. In summary, we have demonstrated that these optical sensors agree well with standard electrochemical probes. The accuracy of the optical probes demonstrates their ability to detect potential parameter drift that could have significant impact on growth, production kinetics, and protein product quality. We have also shown that an increase in osmolality that could result from controlling pH or operating the reactor in fed-batch mode has an insignificant impact on the functionality of the pH patches.
Hydration of Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes. II. Water Uptake and Hydration Mechanisms of Protonated Homopolymer and Block Copolymers (2005)

The hydration of sulfonated polyimide membranes in their protonated form is probed by infrared spectrometry using a recently described method. The membranes considered are the homopolymer, made of identical sulfonated repeat units, and two block copolymers composed of these units plus similar ones with no sulfonic groups in two different proportions. The experiments consist of registering series of spectra of these membranes at various hygrometries of the surrounding atmosphere. The quantitative analysis of the evolution of these spectra allows one to measure precisely the water uptake and to define in terms of chemical reactions the various hydration mechanisms that are active at a definite value of the hygrometry. It shows how the dried homopolymer significantly differs from the two dried block copolymers: in the homopolymer, a good proportion of SO(3)H groups that represent 83% of sulfonate groups, cannot establish H-bonds on C=O groups that are in a relatively small number. As a consequence, all coexisting SO(3)(-) groups are H-bonded to single H(3)O(+) cations with no extra H(2)O molecules. In both dried block copolymers, each SO(3)H group (60% of the sulfonate groups) establishes H-bonds on C=O groups that are in a sufficiently great number. These H-bonds stabilize these SO(3)H groups, and coexisting SO(3)(-) groups are H-bonded to cations that are found in the form of H(5)O(2)(+) or H(7)O(3)(+) that contain several H(2)O molecules. When the hygrometry increases, these differences get less marked but can be precisely defined.
Performance analysis of an outdoor augmented reality tracking system that relies upon a few mobile beacons (2006)

We describe and evaluate a new tracking concept for outdoor Augmented Reality. A few mobile beacons added to the environment correct errors in head-worn inertial and GPS sensors. We evaluate the accuracy through detailed simulation of many error sources. The most important parameters are the errors in measuring the beacon and user's head positions, and the geometric configuration of the beacons around the point to augment. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we identify combinations of beacon configurations and error parameters that meet a specified goal of 1 m net error at 100 m range.
T‐helper 17 cells expand in multiple sclerosis and are inhibited by interferon‐β (2009)

Evidence that an expansion of peripheral Th17 cells, a Th subset that can infiltrate brain parenchyma and damage cells, is associated with disease activity in MS. The greater IFN-alphaR1 level expressed by Th17 compared with Th1 cells might make them a selective target for IFN-beta therapy.
Light-weight robot using piezoelectric motor, sensor and actuator (1992)

A robotic manipulator with active members made of a piezoelectric material (PZT piezoceramics) has been designed and assembled. It features lower self-weight, more flexibility and better performance due to some new approaches in the design. First, an unconventional piezoelectric motor is designed as a light-weight, quick-response driver of the manipulator. The piezo-motor is integrated into a servo system to drive the robotic arm. Second, the linkage design is a light-weight and flexible structure. In order to control the undesired vibration interferences to the robotic arm, an active vibration control system is used having small wafer type piezoelectric sensors and actuators embedded in the linkage structure. The robotic arm is modeled as a simple cantilever beam, and a linear velocity feedback controller is designed targeting the fundamental bending mode. The experimental manipulator can move to a programmed destination very quickly and smoothly, with much less settling time compared to the passive linkage structure.
Mobility of cytochrome P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (1998)

Cytochrome P450 2C2 is a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is excluded from the recycling pathway and contains redundant retention functions in its N-terminal transmembrane signal/anchor sequence and its large, cytoplasmic domain. Unlike some ER resident proteins, cytochrome P450 2C2 does not contain any known retention/retrieval signals. One hypothesis to explain exclusion of resident ER proteins from the transport pathway is the formation of networks by interaction with other proteins that immobilize the proteins and are incompatible with packaging into the transport vesicles. To determine the mobility of cytochrome P450 in the ER membrane, chimeric proteins of either cytochrome P450 2C2, its catalytic domain, or the cytochrome P450 2C1 N-terminal signal/anchor sequence fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) were expressed in transiently transfected COS1 cells. The laurate hydroxylase activities of cytochrome P450 2C2 or the catalytic domain with GFP fused to the C terminus were similar to the native enzyme. The mobilities of the proteins in the membrane were determined by recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching. Diffusion coefficients for all P450 chimeras were similar, ranging from 2.6 to 6.2 x 10(-10) cm2/s. A coefficient only slightly larger (7.1 x 10(-10) cm2/s) was determined for a GFP chimera that contained a C-terminal dilysine ER retention signal and entered the recycling pathway. These data indicate that exclusion of cytochrome P450 from the recycling pathway is not mediated by immobilization in large protein complexes.
Adenovirus‐mediated delivery of Factor H attenuates complement C3 induced pathology in the murine retina: a potential gene therapy for age‐related macular degeneration (2015)

C3-induced pathology in murine retina can be attenuated by Ad-mediated expression of Factor H. Expression of Factor H is worthy of further study as a potential gene therapy for AMD.
Dealing with history and time in a distributed enterprise manager (1993)

A family of integrated systems has been developed within Digital's enterprise management architecture (EMA). The product called DECmcc is part of a larger EMA implementation, which consists of both an enterprise management director and a framework for developing consistent and integrated management solutions with EMA. An object-based framework provides time-oriented dispatching of operations and serves as a foundation for modules supporting past, present, and future time views of managed objects. Fully integrated modules implement a conceptual diachronic object-base that allows time-oriented, object-based modeling of resources. To maintain the historical part of this diachronic object base, DECmcc provides comprehensive facilities for collecting, processing, purging, archiving, and exporting historical attribute data. The managed object instances, for the existing objects that need to be globally and directly accessible, are stored using DECdns, i.e., essentially DCE/CDS. The historical data are stored on the domain basis locally. Recorded historical data and 'live' enterprise data can be exported to a relational database in a uniform fashion for any combination of past time, current, and future data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Allelic loss of chromosomal arm 8p in breast cancer progression. (1998)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomal arm 8p has been reported to occur at high frequency for a number of common forms of human cancer, including breast cancer. The objectives of this study were to define the regions on this chromosomal arm that are likely to contain breast cancer tumor suppressor genes and to determine when loss of chromosomal arm 8p occurs during breast cancer progression. For mapping the tumor suppressor gene loci, we evaluated 60 cases of infiltrating ductal cancer for allelic loss using 14 microsatellite markers mapped to this chromosomal arm and found LOH of 8p in 36 (60%) of the tumors. Whereas most of these tumors had allelic loss at all informative markers, five tumors had partial loss of 8p affecting two nonoverlapping regions. LOH for all but one of the tumors with 8p loss involved the region between markers D8S560 and D8S518 at 8p21.3-p23.3, suggesting that this is the locus of a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene. We then studied LOH of 8p in 38 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with multiple individually microdissected tumor foci evaluated for each case. LOH of 8p was found in 14 of the DCIS cases (36%), including 6 of 16 cases of low histological grade and 8 of 22 cases of intermediate or high histological grade. In four of these DCIS cases, 8p LOH was seen in some but not all of the multiple tumor foci examined. These data suggest that during the evolution of these tumors, LOH of 8p occurred after loss of other chromosomal arms that were lost in all tumor foci. Thus, LOH of 8p, particularly 8p21.3-p23, is a common genetic alteration in infiltrating and in situ breast cancer. Although 8p LOH is common even in low histological grade DCIS, this allelic loss often appears to be preceded by loss of other alleles in the evolution of breast cancer.
Induction of Tumors in Hamsters with an Avian Adenovirus (CELO) (1965)

When newborn hamsters were inoculated subcutaneously with chicken-embryo lethal orphan virus, tumnors developed at the site of inoculation in 23 out of 69 hamsters within 88 to 195 days of inoculation. These tutlnors and tissue cultures, prepared from a primary tumor, were transplantable to newborn and weanling hamsters. The primary tumnors and tissue cultures of a primary tumor were free of demnonstrable infectious virus. The virus is the first "nonhuman" adenovirus found to induce tumors in hamsters.
Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins in presentations and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (2010)

Immunochemical staining illustrated VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 expression in PTC tissues related to clinical staging; however, we need more information concerning these factors with long-term follow-up results.
Engineering Design of the 2X II (1971)

The 2X II, successor to the 2X Experiment at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, is now operational. This paper presents the engineering aspects of the facility including the magnetic and mechanical design of the magnet system, the attendant structure, and the vacuum system. Material problems are discussed as well as the scheduling, fabrication and assembly of the facility. Design problems associated with the injection of a neutral beam are included.
The importance of three dimensions in the study of solid armature transition in railguns (1999)

It is shown experimentally that the main processes first causing breakdown of the sliding solid contact (SSC) carrying large currents are not two-dimensional processes of the velocity skin-effect type, but pinch instabilities developing in the contact interface. Electromagnetic and electrothermal explosive ejection of ionized material of low-mass pinch waists ignite parasite-shunting arcs behind and ahead of the armature under acceleration. Thus one has to speak of transition into arcing mode not of the SSC alone, but of the launch process as a whole.
Stacked crystal resonator: A highly linear BAW device (2009)

Besides small size, exceptional insertion loss and outstanding isolation, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters and duplexers are often the preferred choice in the transmit path of mobile frontend due to their excellent power handling capabilities. However, they exhibit a nonlinear behavior, causing generation of higher harmonics and a sensitivity of the resonance frequency towards a DC voltage bias. In this paper we present a new BAW device, a stacked crystal resonator (SCR), which intrinsically cancels out the second order nonlinearity and compare it to standard BAW resonators and current solutions for improved linearity. Measurements of first devices demonstrate a 30 dB improvement in worst case second order harmonic generation of a SCR over a standard BAW solid mounted resonator. Furthermore, the frequency sensitivity on a DC voltage bias is reduced by a factor of 20 and the coupling coefficient increased by 10%.