gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped ZnS nanocrystals prepared in a water/methanol solution (2002)

Monodispersed ZnS and Eu3+-doped ZnS nanocrystals have been prepared through the co-precipitation reaction of inorganic precursors ZnCl2, EuCl3, and Na2S in a water/methanol binary solution. The mean particle sizes are about 3–5 nm. The structures of the as-prepared ZnS nanoparticles are cubic (zinc blende) as demonstrated by an x-ray powder diffraction. Photoluminescence studies showed a stable room temperature emission in the visible spectrum region for all the samples, with a broadening in the emission band and, in particular, a partially overlapped twin peak in the Eu3+-doped ZnS nanocrystals. The experimental results also indicated that Eu3+-doped ZnS nanocrystals, prepared by controlling synthetic conditions, were stable.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF NEMATOPALAEMON TENUIPES (HENDERSON) IN BOMBAY COAST (1979)

One of the most conspicuous features of the dol net fishery along the Maharashtra coast is the enormous abundance of the small marine palaemonid, Nematopalaemon tenuipes. The only other maritime state where the species supports a commercial fishery is Gujarat (Banerji 1966). It is largely a marine species capable of penetrating estuarine areas, from where it is often commercially exploited, as in the case of the Godavary estuary (Ganapati and Subrahmanyam 1966) and the Sunderbans (Kunju 1956, Rajyalakshmi 1966). The species was formerly known as Leander tenuipes {vide Holthuis 1950 for synonymy and Kemp 1917 for identification keys of the different species of the genus
A staging system for mouse limb development (1989)

A series of 15 stages of development for the mouse limb bud have been defined, spanning the time from the first appearance of the limb bud to the completion of limb outgrowth. The stages are based on changes in the morphology of the limb in living preparations. The development and regression of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) as well as the development of the skeletal structures are also described. This staging system has been developed in response to the need to standardize in situ experimental analyses of the mouse limb bud. Comparable stages of the commonly used chick wing and mouse whole embryo systems are presented.
Wavelet-based automatic segmentation of the vertebral bodies in digital radiographs (2002)

This paper proposes a multi-resolution analysis (MRA) approach to vertebral body segmentation in digital radiographs. A wavelet-based technique carries out the extraction of the most significant features in the radiographs. It generates a multi-resolution edge characterization, discarding noisy artifacts in the meantime. Specific features classification and geometric alignment is then performed, using statistical data to build the. models and curvature analysis to sort the edges. An active contour scheme generates the final contours to be used in clinical studies of the spine.
Pleasing the advertising oracle (2014)

Most video advertising campaigns today are still evaluated based on aggregate demographic audience metrics, rather than measures of individual impact or even individual demographic reach. To fit in with advertisers' evaluations, campaigns must be optimized toward validation by third-party measurement companies, which act as "oracles" in assessing ground truth. However, information is only available from such oracles in aggregate, leading to a setting with incomplete ground truth. We explore methods for building probabilistic classification models using these aggregate data. If they perform well, such models can be used to create new "engineered" segments that perform better than existing segments, in terms of lift and/or reach. We focus on the setting where companies already have machinery in place for high-performance predictive modeling from traditional, individual-level data. We show that model building, evaluation, and selection can be reliably carried out even with access only to aggregate ground truth data. We show various concrete results, highlighting confounding aspects of the problem, such as the tendency for pre-existing "in-target" segments actually to comprise biased subpopulations, which has implications both for campaign performance and modeling performance. The paper's main results show that these methods lead to engineered segments that can substantially improve lift and/or reach---as verified by a leading third-party oracle. For example, for lifts of 2-3X, segment reach can be increased to 57 times that of comparable, pre-existing segments.
Head motion and latency compensation on localization of 3D sound in virtual reality (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Head motion and latency compensation on localization of 3D sound in virtual reality Authors: Jiann-Rong Wu Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, R.O.C.View Profile , Cha-Dong Duh View Profile , Ming Ouhyoung View Profile , Jei-Tun Wu View Profile Authors Info & Claims VRST '97: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologySeptember 1997 Pages 15–20https://doi.org/10.1145/261135.261140Published:01 September 1997Publication History 8citation1,405DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads1,405Last 12 Months44Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Meson Factories (1965)

Meson factories are those accelerators designed to produce beams of protons in the energy range of 400 to 1000 MeV with intensities at least 1000 times greater than those presently available from FM cyclotrons. They have an important role in future research in nuclear structure physics, elementary particle physics, and bio-medical research. The criteria for selection of a meson factory are discussed. They include duty factor and the time structure of the beam, the possibility of varying the energy of the beam, the efficiency with which a large fraction of the beam can be brought to an experimental area, the possibility of the simultaneous use of high duty factor beams of differing energy, the amount of radioactivity induced in the accelerator, and general flexibility. Additional criteria are cost and the relative difficulty of the expected technological problems. Descriptions are given of the various types of accelerators which have been seriously suggested for this role. These include the sector-focusing cyclotron for the acceleration of positive ions, the sector-focusing cyclotron for the acceleration of negative hydrogen ions, and the sector-focusing ring cyclotron. The linear accelerator for the acceleration of protons has also been suggested as a meson factory, and the final description concerns the separated orbit cyclotron, combining some of the features of the linear accelerator and the sector focusing cyclotron. An attempt is made to use the criteria in a comparison of the promise of these various types of accelerators in the role of meson factory.
Vertebroplasty Versus Kyphoplasty: Biomechanical Behavior Under Repetitive Loading Conditions (2006)

Under repetitive loading conditions, fractured vertebral bodies treated with kyphoplasty were initially taller, but because of a progressive loss of height during loading, the resulting constructs were shorter after 100,000 cycles than those treated with vertebroplasty.
UNIPEN project of on-line data exchange and recognizer benchmarks (2002)

We report the status of the UNIPEN project of data exchange and recognizer benchmarks started two years ago at the initiative of the International Association of Pattern Recognition (Technical Committee 11). The purpose of the project is to propose and implement solutions to the growing need of handwriting samples for online handwriting recognizers used by pen-based computers. Researchers from several companies and universities have agreed on a data format, a platform of data exchange and a protocol for recognizer benchmarks. The online handwriting data of concern may include handprint and cursive from various alphabets (including Latin and Chinese), signatures and pen gestures. These data will be compiled and distributed by the Linguistic Data Consortium. The benchmarks will be arbitrated the US National Institute of Standards and Technologies. We give a brief introduction to the UNIPEN format. We explain the protocol of data exchange and benchmarks.
A system for analyzing and indexing human-motion databases (2005)

We demonstrate a data-driven approach for representing, compressing, and indexing human-motion databases. Our modeling approach is based on piecewise-linear components that are determined via a divisive clustering method. Selection of the appropriate linear model is determined automatically via a classifier using a subspace of the most significant, or principle features (markers). We show that, after offline training, our model can accurately estimate and classify human motions. We can also construct indexing structures for motion sequences according to their transition trajectories through these linear components. Our method not only provides indices for whole and/or partial motion sequences, but also serves as a compressed representation for the entire motion database. Our method also tends to be immune to temporal variations, and thus avoids the expense of time-warping.
Treadmill motor current based real-time estimation of anteroposterior force during gait. (2010)

We have been developing a new vehicle, “Tread-Walk 2”, which supports walking for elderly. A control algorithm to improve the operability has been constructed. As the first step, we accurately estimated the user's anteroposterior force from the motor current value without the force sensor. This method is to develop a new mechanical model that considers the friction forces of the treadmill and remove the modeled friction losses from the output. However, we need the vertical force in order to develop a mechanical model. Thus, we proposed the new method to estimate the vertical force without the force sensor. This paper describes the new method to approximate the waveforms of the vertical forces as square waves by adding the user's weight as a parameter to the stance phase. By comparing the estimated anteroposterior force using the new method with the measured one using the force plate, the waveform pattern of the estimated one was similar with that of the measured one in two young subjects whose physical characteristics were different. This showed that the proposed method might possibly be useful for estimating the anteroposterior force in real-time.
Pharmacotherapy of mild cognitive impairment (2004)

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be considered as a state with a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease within 5 years, or as a prodromal stage of this condition. Randomized clinical trials comparing the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil with placebo have shown some symptomatic benefit on (i) cognition in one short-term (6-month) study; and (ii)conversion to dementia in one long-term (3-year) study, but not for the full duration of the study, except in subjects with the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE-4) mutation, in whoom the benefit was sustained throughout the 3 years. Results from studies on galantamine are still being analyzed; and a rivastigmine study will close in the fall of 2004. It is premature to recommend that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors be used systematically in amnestic MCI. However, important lessons have been learned from studies in this prodromal stage of AD, allowing the testing of hypotheses for disease modification.
A 120-MHz–1.8-GHz CMOS DLL-Based Clock Generator for Dynamic Frequency Scaling (2006)

A delay-locked loop (DLL)-based clock generator for dynamic frequency scaling has been developed in a 0.35- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhbox m$</tex> CMOS technology. The proposed clock generator can generate clock signals ranging from 120 MHz to 1.8 GHz and change the frequency dynamically in a short time. If the clock generator scales its output frequency dynamically by programming with the same last bit, it takes only one clock cycle to lock. In addition, the clock generator inherits advantages of a DLL. The proposed DLL-based clock generator occupies 0.07 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hbox mm^2$</tex> and has a peak-to-peak jitter of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm $</tex> 6.6 ps at 1.3 GHz.
An Antibody Against DR4 (TRAIL-R1) in Combination with Doxorubicin Selectively Kills Malignant but not Normal Prostate Cells (2003)

Prostate cancer is a major health problem among American men and new treatment approaches are needed. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a death ligand that can induce apoptosis in some but not all cancer cells. Resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis can be overcome by radiation or chemotherapy. The effect of doxorubicin/TRAIL combination therapy was compared among PC3, normal prostate epithelial (PrEC) and stromal (PrSC) cells and cell viability measured by MTS assay. Combination of doxorubicin and TRAIL caused cytotoxicity in all cells tested, although PrSC were more resistant. There was no correlation between TRAIL phenotype and expression of c-FLIP, caspases or TRAIL decoy receptors, although PrSC failed to express DR4. A DR4-specific antibody, which behaved as an agonist in combination with doxorubicin, selectively induced cell death in malignant but not normal prostate cells. Although normal PrEC expressed DR4 as determined by western blot, flow cytometry revealed that only maligant prostate cancer cells (PC3, JCA-1) and not PrEC's exhibited DR4 surface expression. Therefore, combination of doxorubicin and an antibody to DR4 might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of prostate cancer by selectively targeting malignant prostate cells.
Enantiomer ratio of MK‐0767 in humans and nonclinical species (2005)

MK-0767, (+/-)-5-[(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxy-N-[[(4-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide, is a thiazolidinedione-containing dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha/gamma agonist that has been studied as a potential treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. MK-0767 contains a chiral center at the C-5 position of the thiazolidinedione ring and was being developed as the racemate, due to the rapid interconversion of its enantiomers in biological samples. In the present work the in vitro and in vivo concentration ratios of the (+)-(R) to (-)-(S) enantiomers of MK-0767 were determined in plasma from humans (in vitro only) and nonclinical species used in the toxicological evaluation of rac-MK-0767, namely CD-1 mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, beagle dogs, New Zealand white rabbits, and rhesus monkeys. The R/S ratio was determined by chiral liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Species differences were observed in the in vitro and in vivo enantiomeric ratios, as well as differences between in vitro and in vivo in some species. The in vitro R/S ratio was similar in dogs and humans (approximately 1.5-1.7). In rats and monkeys, the ratio was approximately unity, both in vitro and in vivo. In mice, the ratio was higher in vitro (approximately 1) than in vivo (approximately 0.6), while in rabbits it was higher in vivo (approximately 1) than in vitro (approximately 0.5). These results suggested that differential binding of the MK-0767 enantiomers to plasma and tissue proteins and other macromolecules may be affecting the R/S ratio both in vitro and in vivo, since in protein-free systems MK-0767 exists as the racemate.
Schottky characteristics of n-type AlInAs grown by MOCVD (2003)

The Schottky characteristics of n-type AlInAs grown by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) have been investigated. The bias dependence of reverse current was similar to those observed in Schottky contacts on oxidized GaAs and oxidized InP. The presence of oxygen atoms at the metal/AlInAs interface was revealed by Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. It is likely that the leaky nature of AlInAs Schottky contacts arises because of the existence of an interfacial layer. Based on this investigation of the Schottky diodes, the use of lower donor concentrations in the AlInAs layer under the gate will further reduce the leakage current of HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A preliminary report of the fossil mammals from a new microvertebrate locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah (2018)

The first Mesozoic mammals in North America were discovered in the Morrison Formation during the closing decades of the 19th century, as by-products of dinosaurs quarried by teams led by O.C. Marsh. These tiny fossils served as foundational specimens for our understanding of Mesozoic mammal evolution. There are now nearly 25 mammal-bearing localities known from the Morrison Formation, distributed across the Western Interior from the Black Hills to southern Colorado and west into Utah; the most historically important of these are in Wyoming (e.g., Como Quarry 9). Most Morrison mammals are known by jaws or jaw fragments, and several important Mesozoic groups (e.g., docodonts, dryolestoids, and to a large extent triconodonts and symmetrodonts) were established based on Morrison material, shaping the perception of mammalian diversity on a global scale. Despite heavy sampling of coeval sites elsewhere, the Morrison remains the most systematically diverse (at high taxonomic levels) assemblage of Jurassic mammals in the world. Here, we describe two mammalian specimens and highlight other remains yet to be fully identified from a new microvertebrate locality in the Morrison Formation of eastern Grand County, Utah. The site is positioned low in the Brushy Basin Member and is similar in lithology and stratigraphic level to the famous small vertebrate localities of the Fruita Paleontological Area, located less than 50 km to the northeast. In addition to small archosaurs and squamates, limited excavation to date has yielded at least 20 mammalian specimens representing a minimum of six taxa, several of which are new and quite different from typical Morrison taxa. Preservation is generally excellent and includes partially articulated cranial and postcranial elements of small vertebrates. This new site has great potential to contribute new taxa and more complete morphological data than typical Morrison localities, underscoring the importance of continued field work in the Morrison.
Application of hot pressing in fabricating radial polarized Sm-Co magnets (1975)

The properties of hot pressed Sm-Co magnets are compared to those obtained in sintered magnets. Hot pressing was performed several hundred degrees below the normal sintering temperature using powder compacts of three types: (1)isotropic discs, (2)axially aligned discs and (3) radial aligned rings. In all cases densities in excess of 97%, of the theoretical value were obtained which is somewhat higher compared with sintered material. Intrinsic coercivity values, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ci</inf> , were between 15 and 20kOe, which is comparable to annealed, sintered magnets. Despite the higher density of the hot pressed samples, values of B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> and (BH) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> were lower than in sintered magnets. Inverse pole figures obtained by x-ray diffraction indicated that the alignment of magnetic poles after hot pressing does not change from that of the original powder compact. This is in contrast to the improvement in alignment as a result of normal sintering, which presumably occurs as a result of well aligned grains growing at the expense of poorly aligned grains. By heat treating aligned, hot pressed magnets at the sintering temperature, a similar improvement in alignment was obtained. Values of (BH) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> as hot pressed and after this heat treatment were 12MGOe and 16MGOe, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of sintering and grain growth processes as they relate to metallurgical structure and final second quadrant characteristics. In the case of radial ring fabrication, the results are particularly encouraging since hot pressing in a confining die eliminates the distortion and cracking which occurs during sintering.
Involving consumers in research and development agenda setting for the NHS: developing an evidence-based approach (2004)

Productive methods for involving consumers require appropriate skills, resources and time to develop and follow appropriate working practices. The more that consumers are involved in determining how this is to be done, the more research programmes will learn from consumers and about how to work with them. Further success might be expected if research programmes embarking on collaborations approach well-networked consumers and provide them with information, resources and support to empower them in key roles for consulting their peers and prioritising topics. To be worthwhile, consultations should engage consumer groups directly and repeatedly in facilitated debate; when discussing health services research, more resources and time are required if consumers are drawn from groups whose main focus of interest is not health. These barriers can largely be overcome with good leadership, purposeful outreach to consumers, investing time and effort in good communication, training and support and thereby building good working relationships and building on experience. Organised consumer groups capable of identifying research priorities also need to find ways of introducing their ideas into research programmes. Further research is suggested to develop and evaluate different training methods, information and education and other support for consumers and those wishing to involve them; to address the barriers to consumers' ideas influencing research agendas; and to carry out prospective comparative studies of different methods for involving consumers. Research about collective decision-making would also be further advanced by addressing the processes and outcomes of consensus development that involves consumers.
Using 'Drop-Biasing' to Stabilize the Occupancy of Random-Drop Queues with TCP Traffic (2000)

Abstract — The paper describes how the use of ‘drop-biasing’, a tech-nique to control the distribution of the gap between consecutive packet losses in random drop queues (such as RED) can be used to reduce the variabil-ity of the queue occupancy with TCP traffic. Reducing the variance of the queue occupancy reduces delay jitter for buffered packets, as well as decreases the likelihood of buffer underflow. We find that modifying the packet drop probabilities to ensure a minimum separation between con-secutive packet drops serves to decrease the variability in the queue occu-pancy. This is really achieved as a result of the increased negative corre-lation among the congestion windows of the constituent TCP flows. Such negative correlation explains why the use of simple drop-biasing strategies can reduce the queue variability without increasing the likelihood of bursts of packet losses. The results of our investigations have relevance for the de-sign and deployment of RED-like algorithms for congestion control in the Internet. I.