gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of sulfur copolymers for infrared applications (2014)

The development of organic polymers with high refractive indices has been widely investigated, as a possible alternative to inorganic metal oxide, semiconductor, or chalcogenide-based materials for a variety of optical devices and components, such as waveguides, anti-reflective coatings, charge-coupled devices and fiber optic cables. In principle, organic-based polymers are attractive for these applications because of their low weight, ease of processing, mechanical toughness, and facile chemical variation using commercially available precursors. However, one of the fundamental challenges associated with organic polymers is their generally low refractive indices in comparison to their inorganic counterparts. Herein we report on the optical characterization of a new class of sulfur copolymers that are readily moldable, transparent above 500nm, possess high refractive index (n < 1.8) and take advantage of the low infrared absorption of S‒S bonds for potential use in the mid-infrared at 3-5 microns. These materials are largely made from elemental sulfur by an inverse vulcanization process; in the current study we focus on the properties of a chemically stable, branched copolymer of poly(sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (poly(S-r-DIB). Copolymers with elemental sulfur content ranging from 50% to 80% by weight were studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, and prism coupling for refractive index measurement. Clear correlation between material composition and the optical properties was established, confirming that the high polarizability of the sulfur atom leads to high refractive index while also maintaining low optical loss. Applications of the materials for bulk optics, high-density photonic circuits, and infrared components will also be discussed.
Location, Location, Location: Exploring Amazon EC2 Spot Instance Pricing Across Geographical Regions (2018)

Cloud computing is a ubiquitous part of the computing landscape. For many companies today, moving their computing infrastructure to the cloud reduces time to deployment and saves money. Spot Instances, a subset of Amazon's cloud computing infrastructure (EC2), expands upon this. They allow a user to bid on spare compute capacity in EC2 at heavily discounted prices. If other bids for the spare capacity exceeds the user's own, the user's instance is terminated. In this paper, we conduct one of the first detailed analyses of how location affects the overall cost of deployment of a Spot Instance. We analyse pricing data across all available AWS regions for 60 days for a variety of Spot Instances. We relate the pricing data we find to the overall AWS region and examine any patterns we see across the week. We find that location plays a critical role in Spot Instance pricing and that pricing differs, sometimes markedly, from region to region. We conclude by showing that it is indeed possible to run workloads on Spot Instances with low risk of termination and a low overall cost.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Index Modulation with Signature Constellations (2021)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have been a hot research topic in recent years, being widely advocated to represent a promising technology for beyond 5G cellular networks. In this paper, we propose a modulation scheme called RIS-IM in which Index Modulation (IM) is applied using RIS. However, to overcome the strong channel correlation caused by the small separation distance between the RIS elements a precoding stage based on the concept of signature constellations is added at the transmitter. The precoding stage is shown to counteract the degradations caused by these correlations providing interesting gains. We further improve the performance by passive beamforming, optimizing the phase shifts of the RIS elements using Semidefinite Programming (SDP) to improve the receiver SNR. We then provide performance analysis for this IM scheme using computer simulations. A comparison of RIS-IM with Spatial Modulation (SM), which is another member of the IM family, is also included, showing that RIS-IM provides substantial SNR gains.
Conformational alteration of mRNA structure and the posttranscriptional regulation of erythromycin-induced drug resistance (1980)

The DNA sequence of the ermC gene of plasmid pE194 is presented. This determinant is responsible for erythromycin-induced resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B group of antibiotics and specifies a 29,000 dalton inducible protein. The locations of the ermC promoter, as well as that of a probable transcriptional terminator, are established both from the sequence and by transcription mapping. The sequence contains an open reading frame sufficient to encode the previously identified 29,000 dalton ermC protein. Between the promoter and the putative ATG start codon is a 141 base pair leader sequence, within which several regulatory (constitutive) mutations have been mapped and sequenced. The leader has a second open reading frame, sufficient to encode a 19 amino acid peptide. It is suggested that induction by erythromycin involves a shift between alternative ribosome-bound mRNA conformations, so that the ribosome binding sequence and the start codon for synthesis of the 29K protein are unmasked in the presence of inducer. Possible active and inactive folded configuration of the leader sequence are presented, as well as the effects on these configurations of regulatory mutations.
Gateway diversity scheme for a future broadband satellite system (2012)

Future internet demands are being increased dramatically year by year. Terrestrial systems are unable to satisfy these demands in all geographical areas and thus broadband access by satellite is a key service provision platform. Considering the traffic demands, the raw capacity should approach a Terabit/s by 2020 to meet these demands. So the challenge is to reduce the cost/bit and to increase the satellite capacity from today's 10 Gbps to 1 Tbps by 2020. In order to find the available spectrum, the migration to higher bands such as Ka-band, Q/V bands is considered a neccessity. But migrating to these higher bands in order to have access to more available spectrum, we experience severe precipitation attenuation, and the feeder links that carry much more capacity are more vulnerable to these high attenuations. ACM is unable to cope with the precipitation fades in these higher bands, and single site diversity results in an excessive number of extra earth stations which is not cost effective. It is envisaged that future systems may interconnect gateways to allow traffic routing between them, a so called `Smart Gateway diversity scheme'. This scheme is discussed and potential architectures are proposed. We evaluate the performance of such schemes in terms of their availability.
THE THICK TARGET YIELD AND EXCITATION FUNCTION FOR THE REACTION Rh$sup 103$(pn)Pd$sup 10$$sup 3$ (1961)

Rhodium foils were irradiated with the internal 16.7-Mev and external 22.4-Mev proton beams of the ORNL 86-in. cyclotron and Pd/sup 1//sup 0//sup 3/ yields determined. The yields were messured to be 236 and 96.8 mc/ma-hr for 22.4 and 16.7Mev protons, respectively, low compared with the respective calculated values of 520 and 219 mc/ma-hr. The possible reasons for the low results are discussed. The excitation function of Rh/sup 1//sup 0//sup 3/ (p,n) is given. (D.L.C.)
Global Modeling of N<sub>2</sub>O Discharges: Rate Coefficients and Comparison with ICP and Glow Discharges Results (2013)

We developed a Global Model for N 2 O plasmas valid for applications in various power, gas flow rate, and pressure regimes. Besides energy losses from electron collisions with N 2 O, it takes into consideration those due to molecular N 2 and O 2 and to atomic N and O species. Positive atomic N + and O + and molecular N 2 O + ,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>N</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>have been treated as separate species and also negative O − ions. The latter confer an electronegative character to the discharge, calling for modified plasma sheath and plasma potential formulas. Electron density and temperature and all species densities have been evaluated, hence the ionization and dissociation percentages of N 2 O, N 2 , and O 2 molecules and the plasma electronegativity. The model is extended to deal with N 2 /O 2 mixtures feedings, notably with air. Rate coefficients and model results are discussed and compared with those from available theoretical and experimental work on ICP and glow discharge devices.
C<scp>apt</scp>: Concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories for multiple robots (2014)

In this paper, we consider the problem of concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories (which we denote Capt ) for a team of robots. This problem involves simultaneously addressing two challenges: (1) the combinatorially complex problem of finding a suitable assignment of robots to goal locations, and (2) the generation of collision-free, time parameterized trajectories for every robot. We consider the Capt problem for unlabeled (interchangeable) robots and propose algorithmic solutions to two variations of the Capt problem. The first algorithm, c-Capt, is a provably correct, complete, centralized algorithm which guarantees collision-free optimal solutions to the Capt problem in an obstacle-free environment. To achieve these strong claims, c-Capt exploits the synergy obtained by combining the two subproblems of assignment and trajectory generation to provide computationally tractable solutions for large numbers of robots. We then propose a decentralized solution to the Capt problem throughd-Capt, a decentralized algorithm that provides suboptimal results compared toc-Capt. We illustrate the algorithms and resulting performance through simulation and experimentation.
Measurement of Mucosal Thickness in Denture-bearing Area of Edentulous Mandible (2015)

Since the mucosal thickness of denture-bearing area in the edentulous mandible is not uniform; the tissue surface of the denture base or custom tray should be selectively relieved, which may reduce the risk of denture-induced irritations.
The Mechanism of Partition in Aqueous Media (1987)

Abstract From the quantitative determination of the polar surface tension parameters of Dextran 150 (DEX) and polyethylene glycol 6,000 (PEG), it is shown that both polymers are pronounced monopolar Lewis bases. By means of the theory of short-range (SR) (polar or hydrogen bonding) interactions, and also taking into account the influence of long-range Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) interactions, it is demonstrated that DEX and PEG, immersed in water, repel each other with a sizable repulsion energy. That repulsion energy is highest when the polymers are most strongly dehydrated. Thus it becomes clear why a certain concentration of each polymer must be reached before phase separation can occur. Monopolar repulsion also accounts for the occurrence of the formation of multiple phases, provided the participating polymers all are monopoles of the same sign. The mechanism for the preferential migration of biopolymers or particles to one or the other phase is also elucidated. While in some cases (e.g., affinity partition) the preferential migration is due to a specific attraction to one of the phases, in many other cases the preference for one phase appears to be rather due to the fact that a biopolymer is more strongly repelled by the other phase; this repulsion is enhanced: a) by an increase in Mw of the biopolymer and/or b) by an increase in Mw of the polymer in the repelling phase.
Construction and evaluation of a transgenic<i>hsp</i>16-<i>GFP</i>-<i>lacZ Caenorhabditis elegans</i>strain for environmental monitoring (2003)

A novel integrated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain (PC161) incorporates a double reporter construct with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and lacZ genes fused in-frame into the second exon of the hsp16-1 gene. This construct also includes the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) nuclear localization signal such that the fusion protein accumulates in the nuclei of expressing cells. The PC161 strain was used to monitor the effects of several known stressors, including heat, cadmium, and microwave radiation. The time course of induction was similar for both reporters but was strongly influenced by pretreatment conditions. The PC161 worms kept at 15 degrees C beforehand showed a steady increase in reporter expression (up to at least 16 h) when heated to 30 degrees C. However, if washed on ice prior to heat stress at 30 degrees C, PC161 worms showed a much steeper rise in reporter expression, reaching a maximum after 2.5 h and then plateauing. Heat shock induced strong expression of both reporter genes in all tissues apart from the germ line and early embryos. A highly significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for both transgenes with increasing cadmium concentrations (5-100 microg/ml). Prolonged exposure to microwave radiation (750 MHz and 0.5 W for 16 h) also induced expression of both transgenes at 25 and (to some extent) 27 degrees C, but only beta-galactosidase activity was detectable at 23 degrees C, and neither reporter was detectably expressed at 21 degrees C. Throughout all exposures, the lacZ reporter product was more readily detectable than coexpressed GFP. However, the GFP reporter affords opportunities to monitor the stress response in living worms.
Large-Scale Evaluation of Alloy-Metal Annular Plugs for Effective Remediation of Casing Annular Gas Flow (2001)

Abstract Annular gas pressure, also known as sustained casing pressure (SCP), is a common problem and potential threat to the safety of personnel and equipment, as well as to the environment. Improved means of primary cementation and life-of-the-well simulations show promise for preventing future annular gas-flow problems. However, there has been little success in eliminating SCP, once developed, without jeopardizing the economic life of a well. Possible solutions to SCP in the form of remediation include bullheading cement, injection of zinc bromide brines into the well's annulus, or use of expensive resins to seal the annulus. A proposed solution that can compensate for the drawbacks of the above options and has shown promise on small-scale physical models is palletized alloy-metal. This solution involves placing palletized alloy-metal into the well's annulus, heating the alloy-metal above its melting point, and then allowing the alloy-metal to cool. These steps form a continuous alloy-metal plug in the well's annulus. Data and conclusions documented in this paper are from full-scale pipe-in-pipe and pipe-in-sandstone geometry models having the following scope: Geometry of 5 ½ × 8 ½-in. pipe-in-sandstone and 10 ¾ × 13 ⅜-in. pipe-in-pipe configurations Model length limited to 15 ft and deviated at 30° from vertical Alloy-metal pellets placed and activated with water-based drilling fluid present in annuli Temperature limited to 200°F Results are also documented by dissecting the models and photographing the exposed cross-sections. Information gathered in this testing will help with the field introduction of this technology.
Periodontal-Ligament-Derived Stem Cells Exhibit the Capacity for Long-Term Survival, Self-Renewal, and Regeneration of Multiple Tissue Types in Vivo (2013)

Primary periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are known to possess multidifferentiation potential and exhibit an immunophenotype similar to that described for bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled ovine PDLSCs implanted into immunodeficient mice survived after 8 weeks post-transplantation and exhibited the capacity to form bone/cementum-like mineralized tissue, ligament structures similar to Sharpey's fibers with an associated vasculature. To evaluate self-renewal potential, PDLSCs were recovered from harvested primary transplants 8 weeks post-transplantation that exhibit an immunophenotype and multipotential capacity comparable to primary PDLSCs. The re-derived PDLSCs isolated from primary transplants were implanted into secondary ectopic xenogeneic transplants. Histomorphological analysis demonstrated that four out of six donor re-derived PDLSC populations displayed a capacity to survive and form fibrous ligament structures and mineralized tissues associated with vasculature in vivo, although at diminished levels in comparison to primary PDLSCs. Further, the capacity for long-term survival and the potential role of PDLSCs in dental tissue regeneration were determined using an ovine preclinical periodontal defect model. Autologous ex vivo-expanded PDLSCs that were prelabeled with BrdU were seeded onto Gelfoam(®) scaffolds and then transplanted into fenestration defects surgically created in the periodontium of the second premolars. Histological assessment at 8 weeks post-implantation revealed surviving BrdU-positive PDLSCs associated with regenerated periodontium-related tissues, including cementum and bone-like structures. This is the first report to demonstrate the self-renewal capacity of PDLSCs using serial xenogeneic transplants and provides evidence of the long-term survival and tissue contribution of autologous PDLSCs in a preclinical periodontal defect model.
Measurements of Microwave Conductivity and Dielectric Constant by the Cavity Perturbation Method and Their Errors (1985)

The theory and technique of the cavity perturbation method for measuring the conductivity and dielectric constant of materials are reviewed. An analytical formula for calculating the errors of the conductivity and dielectric constant caused by the measured error in the resonant frequency and quality factor are derived. This formula can be used for both rectangular and cylindrical cavities. The results of measurements on silicon samples are presented to illustrate this analysis.
Polydimethylsiloxane Mechanical Properties Measured by Macroscopic Compression and Nanoindentation Techniques (2011)

In this thesis, the relationship between the elastic modulus of PDMS and the base/agent ratio (the amount of crosslinking) is studied. Reliable macroscopic compression test instrument was developed. Preload method was applied for the nanoindentation flat punch test to develop full contact.\nIn chapter 2, an easy instrument setup for macroscopic compression test is described. A series of PDMS samples with different base/agent ratios were tested using the macroscopic compression method. The relationship between PDMS elastic modulus and its base/agent ratio was established.\nIn chapter 3, PDMS nanoindentation DMA tests provide stable data with different test control models. The storage modulus collected using nanoindenting DMA tests is comparable with elastic modulus collected in PDMS compression test in chapter 2. Nanoindentation experiments with flat punch were also done to test the elastic modulus of PDMS network 5:1. The adhesion force tests with different nanoindentation tips, which are Berkovich tip, conical tip and cube corner tip, show that PDMS's adhesion force is related to the sample's base/agent ratio, the nanoindentating depth and the tip's geometrical shape.
Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning Wavenet on MEL Spectrogram Predictions (2018)

This paper describes Tacotron 2, a neural network architecture for speech synthesis directly from text. The system is composed of a recurrent sequence-to-sequence feature prediction network that maps character embeddings to mel-scale spectrograms, followed by a modified WaveNet model acting as a vocoder to synthesize time-domain waveforms from those spectrograms. Our model achieves a mean opinion score (MOS) of 4.53 comparable to a MOS of 4.58 for professionally recorded speech. To validate our design choices, we present ablation studies of key components of our system and evaluate the impact of using mel spectrograms as the conditioning input to WaveNet instead of linguistic, duration, and F0 features. We further show that using this compact acoustic intermediate representation allows for a significant reduction in the size of the WaveNet architecture.
A Survey on Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures From a Performance Perspective (2020)

With the end of both Dennard's scaling and Moore's law, computer users and researchers are aggressively exploring alternative forms of computing in order to continue the performance scaling that we have come to enjoy. Among the more salient and practical of the post-Moore alternatives are reconfigurable systems, with Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) seemingly capable of striking a balance between performance and programmability. In this paper, we survey the landscape of CGRAs. We summarize nearly three decades of literature on the subject, with a particular focus on the premise behind the different CGRAs and how they have evolved. Next, we compile metrics of available CGRAs and analyze their performance properties in order to understand and discover knowledge gaps and opportunities for future CGRA research specialized towards High-Performance Computing (HPC). We find that there are ample opportunities for future research on CGRAs, in particular with respect to size, functionality, support for parallel programming models, and to evaluate more complex applications.
Synthesis and characterisation of aluminium-silicon-silicon carbide composite (2006)

Aluminium-silicon-silicon carbide composite was prepared by mechanical mixing (300 rpm) of silicon carbide powder (−300 mesh) in solidifying solid-liquid slurry of hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic compositions of aluminium-silicon alloy. Requisite amount of hot (300°C) silicon carbide powder was charged into agitating metallic melt of aluminium-silicon matrix alloy and mixing continued while dropping the temperature of the system. The mixing period was 3-4 min during which temperature of the system dropped to 15±5°C below the liquidus. On completion of mixing, plumbago crucible containing the composite slurry was taken out from the furnace and finally solidified composite was removed from the crucible for the further study. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of silicon carbide in the composite. Silicon carbide occurred in the grain boundry regions associated with silicon and fragmented dendrites together with eutectic mixture. Strength, hardness and wear resistance of composite increased with increase of silicon carbide content. Coefficient of friction of composite having higher amount of silicon carbide was always lower than the composite with lower amount of silicon carbide, whether the tests were conducted in lubrication, semi-dry and dry sliding conditions. IPC Code: C22C47/00, C22C49/00