gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lineage commitment and maturation of epithelial cells in the gut (1999)

The dynamic concepts of gut epithelial cell populations which heralded the era of modern gut cell biology have been generally substantiated by recent studies and are still being correlated with functional properties. Multipotent stem cells are anchored in specific locations along the gut epithelium where decisions concerning proliferation and differentiation/migration pathways are made. Stem cells give rise to lineage precursors which transform into transit cells and sequentially express lineage specific features during their differentiation program. Morphologically and functionally mature cells along the gut epithelium are dynamically heterogeneous. 1) The squamous lineage of the esophagus forms a stratified epithelium which has an average turnover time of about 7. 5 days. 2) In the stomach, the oxyntic pit-gland unit includes pit, zymogenic and parietal cells which respectively migrate outwards, inwards, and in both directions; their turnover times average 3, 194 and 54 days, respectively. 3) The mucous units of the pyloric antrum are populated by pit cells which migrate outwards and gland cells which migrate inwards; their turnover times are about 3 and 1-60 days, respectively. 4) In the crypt-villus units of the small intestine, while both absorptive and goblet cells migrate outwards and for each the turnover time is about 3 days, Paneth cells migrate inwards and their turnover time is about 15 days. 5) In the crypts of the descending colon, both vacuolated-columnar and goblet cells migrate outwards and for each the turnover time is about 5 days. The ascending colon has an additional cell type called deep crypt secretory cells which migrate inwards and their turnover time is about 14-21 days. Finally, while the factors maintaining the gut epithelium in a steady state remain to be elucidated, this epithelium represents a remarkable system for studying the biological features of stem cells and their hierarchies.
Analog tunable gratings driven by thin-film piezoelectric microelectromechanical actuators (2003)

We present a microfabricated grating whose period can be tuned in analog fashion to within a fraction of a nanometer. The tunable angular range is more than 400 microrad in the first diffracted order. The design concept consists of a diffractive grating defined onto a 400-nm membrane, with the membrane subsequently strained in the direction perpendicular to the grating grooves by thin-film piezoelectric actuation. The strain-tuned grating device was fabricated with microelectromechanical processes, utilizing both surface and bulk micromachining. The fabricated piezoelectric film achieved a measured dielectric constant of 1200. Device characterization yielded grating period changes up to 8.3 nm (0.21% strain in the membrane) at 10 V and a diffracted angular change of 486 microrad, in good agreement with the theory. Uniformity across the actuated grating and out-of-plane deflections are characterized and discussed.
Design techniques for IC voltage regulators without p-n-p transistors (1987)

Design techniques for IC voltage regulators without p-n-p transistors are discussed. Included is a brief discussion of the problems associated with p-n-p transistors that can be used as shunt devices in voltage regulators, as well as two methods for eliminating the p-n-p shunt device that is commonly used in regulators. The first method applies to nontemperature-compensated voltage regulators. It is a method of reducing the sensitivity of regulators to changes in power supply, using a phi cancellation technique instead of a p-n-p shunt device. This method greatly improves regulator voltage tracking. The second method is a method of eliminating the p-n-p transistor in a temperature-compensated bandgap-referenced voltage regulator using a differential amplifier to maintain current equality in tracking transistors. It is shown that the elimination of the p-n-p device will add a higher degree of design freedom while decreasing the susceptibility of the design to process variations.
<i>Pten</i> Null Prostate Epithelium Promotes Localized Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Immune Suppression during Tumor Initiation and Progression (2014)

Chronic inflammation is known to be associated with prostate cancer development, but how epithelium-associated cancer-initiating events cross talk to inflammatory cells during prostate cancer initiation and progression is largely unknown. Using the Pten null murine prostate cancer model, we show an expansion of Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) occurring intraprostatically immediately following epithelium-specific Pten deletion without expansion in hematopoietic tissues. This MDSC expansion is accompanied by sustained immune suppression. Prostatic Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells, but not those isolated from the spleen of the same tumor-bearing mice, suppress T cell proliferation and express high levels of Arginase 1 and iNOS. Mechanistically, the loss of PTEN in the epithelium leads to a significant upregulation of genes within the inflammatory response and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways, including Csf1 and Il1b, two genes known to induce MDSC expansion and immunosuppressive activities. Treatment of Pten null mice with the selective CSF-1 receptor inhibitor GW2580 decreases MDSC infiltration and relieves the associated immunosuppressive phenotype. Our study indicates that epithelium-associated tumor-initiating events trigger the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and promote localized MDSC expansion and immune suppression, thereby promoting tumor progression.
Modelling and testing of a sensor capable of determining the stiffness of biological tissues (2007)

In this paper, the design, fabrication, testing, and mathematical modelling of a new sensor for determining the stiffness of biological tissues are discussed. A tactile probe is constructed using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the main element of the sensing system. The probe is composed of several parts that together can provide an estimate of the stiffness of a material that it touches. Two different elastic materials in the form of two cylinders with different moduli of elasticity make up the major structure of the sensor assembly. The central cylinder in the sensor has a greater stiffness than the peripheral cylinder. To test the sensor, it is mounted on a rigid base structure. Then the resulting probe is pressed against a rubber-like material to experimentally determine the Young's modulus of elasticity of the touched material. In addition to the experimental work (and for the first time), an analytical method is derived that can predict the modulus of elasticity of the touched object without needing to know the thickness of the object. Based on this approach, the stiffness of the sensed object is obtained by means of a closed-form formula. Additionally, finite element modelling is used to compute a more accurate estimate for the same parameter. The discrepancy between the two theoretical methods is proven to be negligible. Comparisons of the experimental data with the analytical and numerical approaches show a reasonably good correspondence between the methods. The practical implications of the designed system are considerable, since it provides a strong basis for detecting tumours embedded in various biological tissues.
Messages Scheduling for Data Redistribution between Clusters (2003)

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.
Identifying Opinion Holders and Targets with Dependency Parser in Chinese News Texts (2010)

In this paper, we propose to identify opinion holders and targets with dependency parser in Chinese news texts, i.e. to identify opinion holders by means of reporting verbs and to identify opinion targets by considering both opinion holders and opinion-bearing words. The experiments with NTCIR-7 MOAT’s Chinese test data show that our approach provides better performance than the baselines and most systems reported at NTCIR-7. 1
A Light-Weight Real-Time Privacy Protection Scheme for Video Surveillance by Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2020)

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)have raised a great concern on privacy recently. A practical method to protect privacy is needed for adopting UAS in civilian airspace. This thesis examines the privacy policies, filtering strategies, existing techniques, then proposes a new method based on encrypted video stream and cloud-based privacy servers. In this scheme, all video surveillance images are initially encrypted, then delivered to a privacy server. The privacy server decrypts the video using the shared key with the camera, and filters the image according to the privacy policy specified for the surveyed region. The sanitized video is delivered to the surveillance operator and anyone on the Internet who is authorized. In a larger system composed of multiple cameras and multiple privacy servers, the keys can be distributed using Kerberos protocol. With this method the privacy policy can be changed on demand in real-time and there is no need for a costly on-board processing unit. By utilizing cloud-based servers, advanced image processing algorithms and new filtering algorithms, this method can be applied immediately without camera software upgrade. This method is cost-efficient and promotes video sharing among multiple subscribers, thus it can spur wider adoption.
Reliable and Modeling Attack Resistant Authentication of Arbiter PUF in FPGA Implementation With Trinary Quadruple Response (2018)

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a potential hotbed for malicious and counterfeit hardware infiltration. Arbiter-based physical unclonable function (A-PUF) has been widely regarded as a suitable lightweight security primitive for FPGA bitstream encryption and device authentication. Unfortunately, the metastability of flip-flop gives rise to poor A-PUF reliability in FPGA implementation. Its linear additive path delays are also vulnerable to modeling attacks. Most reliability enhancement techniques tend to increase the response predictability and ease machine learning attacks. This paper presents a robust device authentication method based on the FPGA implementation of a reliability enhanced A-PUF with trinary digit (trit) quadruple responses. A two flip-flop arbiter is used to produce a trit for metastability detection. By considering the ordered responses to all four combinations of first and last challenge bits, each quadruple response can be compressed into a quadbit that represents one of the five classes of trit quadruple response with greater reproducibility. This challenge-response quadruple classification not only greatly reduces the burden of error correction at the device but also enables a precise A-PUF model to be built at the server without having to store the complete challenge-response pair (CRP) set for authentication. Besides, the real challenge to the A-PUF is generated internally by a lossy, nonlinear, and irreversible maximum length signature generator at both the server and device sides to prevent the naked CRP from being machine learned by the attacker. The A-PUF with short repetition code of length five has been tested to achieve a reliability of 1.0 over the full operating temperature range of the target FPGA board with lower hardware resource utilization than other modeling attack resilient strong PUFs. The proposed authentication protocol has also been experimentally evaluated to be practically secure against various machine learning attacks including evolutionary strategy covariance matrix adaptation.
POLYPHENOLS OF CASHEW KERNEL TESTA (1970)

SUMMARY: The chemical nature of the polyphenols of cashew kernel testa has been determined by means of 2‐dimensional paper chromatography and specific reactions. Presence of (+) catechin and (‐) epicatechin as the major polyphenols has been confirmed by co‐chromatography with authentic samples. Proanthocyanidins have been studied by treatment with hot acid and identification of the resultant anthocyanidins. Leucocyanidins and leucopelargonidins have been noticed as monomeric components, whereas polymeric proanthocyanidins contain in addition small quantities of leucodelphinidin. Individual components have been quantitatively estimated colorimetrically with Folin‐Denis reagent, after separation by fractional extraction using solvents of increasing polarity and paper chromatography. The characteristic bluish‐black discoloration noticed in cashew‐nuts has been identified as an iron‐polyphenol complex formed during processing. The polypnenols were found to be derived from the testa.
A family of normalized LMS algorithms (1994)

A derivation of the normalized LMS algorithm is generalized, resulting in a family of projection-like algorithms based on an L/sub p/-minimized filter coefficient change. The resulting algorithms include the simplified NLMS algorithm of Nagumo and Noda (1967) and an even simpler single-coefficient update algorithm based on the maximum absolute value datum of the input data vector. A complete derivation of the algorithm family is given, and simulations are performed to show the convergence behaviors of the algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CHARACTERISTICS OF PAPER MILL SLUDGE AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD (2007)

De-inking paper sludge (DPS) and primary sludge (PS) containing 20% secondary sludge from a paper mill were characterized as to their suitability for the manufacture of medium density fiberboard. Compared with DPS, PS had a lower ash content, higher holocellulose content, more and longer fibers, lower pH, and higher buffering capacity. These characteristics make PS a better fiber resource for fiberboard than DPS. Fiberboards were manufactured at the Pilot Plant of Forintek (Quebec City, QC, Canada) using virgin spruce-pine-fir fiber (SPF) and PS or DPS at different sludge/SPF weight ratios with 12% ureaformaldehyde resin. At an equal sludge/SPF weight ratio, PS-SPF panels had much higher mechanical properties than did DPS-SPF panels. At a PS/SPF weight ratio of 7:3, the mechanical properties of PS-SPF panels were higher than the requirements of ANSI A208.2-2002 MDF standard for Grade 120 in terms of internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling. With DPS/SPF weight ratios as low as 3:7, the tested mechanical properties of DPS-SPF panels could meet the requirements of ANSI A208.2-2002 MDF standard for Grade 120.
Smad2-Dependent Protease Nexin-1 Overexpression Differentiates Chronic Aneurysms From Acute Dissections of Human Ascending Aorta (2013)

These results demonstrate that epigenetically regulated PN-1 overexpression promotes development of an antiproteolytic VSMC phenotype and might favor progressive aneurysmal dilation, whereas absence of this counter-regulation in dissections would lead to acute wall rupture.
Ste. Genevieve Library as a Criticism of Classicism (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider and revaluate Ste. Genevieve Library designed by Henri Labrouste as a criticism of Classicism. Considered as the epitome of the early structural Rationalism the modern historian tried to focus only on the iron structure of the library. Arguably, the structural concern was one of the ideas that the architect wanted to manifest in the library. As a rebel against a view of the Acad<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>mie des Beaux-Art the notions of H. Labrouste were radical. He criticized an autistic Classicism with an echoing Claude Perrault's doubt about the myth of classical beauty. These radical ideas firstly showed in his report of the Grand Prix de Rome and must have been developed through several discussions for a novel: Notre-Dame de Paris by V. Hugo. 'Ceci tuera cela', one of the chapter of the novel, was generally known as the death of architecture due to the invention of the printing press around Renaissance period. We, however, consider that even though the historical background of the novel is the Gothic period the ideas, which was discussed with Labrouste, related to the death of architecture was not the architecture itself but classical architecture recomposed during Renaissance period. As the first design work the library must be reflected his ideas, which were developed, and manifested his criticism of the Classicism indirectly.
Modeling of Area-Constrained Ice Storage Tanks (1995)

This paper describes the development and validation of a model based on physical parameters that can predict the thermal performance of area constrained ice-storage tanks. The model, which builds on the work of Jekel et al. (1993), was used to study the effect of assumptions and operating conditions on tank performance during charging and discharging. In particular, it was found that the contents of the tank can be treated as a lumped system with the heat-transfer rate modeled using the product of an overall conductance and log-mean temperature difference. Consistent with the results of Jekel, heat-transfer effectiveness was found to be highly coupled to flow rate and insensitive to the inlet temperature of the fluid used to charge and discharge the tank. Results of the model were compared with experimental data obtained from a well-instrumented thermal storage system at Purdue University. The average difference between the predicted and experimental heat-transfer rates during charging was about 6%, while the average difference during discharging was less than 3%.
From HTTP to HTML (2006)

This paper describes the lessons learnt when internally developing web applications in Erlang. On the basis of these experiences, a framework called the Web Platform has been implemented. The Web Platform follows a design pattern separating data processing and formatting, allowing the construction of flexible and maintainable software architectures. It also delivers mechanisms for building dynamic pages and components. On top of the platform and components, web interfaces to commercial Erlang systems have been built.
Partial Purification and Characterization of a Novel Soybean Protease Which is inhibited by Kunitz and Bowman-Birk Trypsin Inhibitors (1996)

A novel serine protease has been partially purified from dry seeds of the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Keburi by cryoprecipitation at pH 6.4, fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and a series of column chromatographic procedures on DEAE-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and Arginine-Sepharose 4B. Some properties of the purified enzyme were studied. The protease hydrolyzed the native storage globulins of soybean seeds, such as the alpha subunit of beta-conglycinin, at a pair of arginine residues, Arg126-Arg127. The proteolysis of the alpha subunit in the purified alpha 2 beta molecule of beta-conglycinin apparently followed first order kinetics. The enzyme was inhibited by both soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor in a competitive manner. Moreover, the enzyme could catalyze the specific proteolysis of the A3 polypeptide of the purified G5 glycinin at the Arg99-Gly100 linkage, or the carboxyl side of the Arg98-Arg99 paired basic residues.
IMMUNOSUPRESSION-FREE PROTOCOL IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION YEARS FOLLOWING BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (2008)

Mor, E; Bar-Nathan, N; Frishberg, Y; Becker-Cohen, R; Klein, T; Krist, D; Shapiro, R; Avitzur, Y Author Information
Operational risk modelling and organizational learning in structured finance operations: a Bayesian network approach (2013)

This paper describes the development of a tool, based on a Bayesian network model, that provides posteriori predictions of operational risk events, aggregate operational loss distributions, and Operational Value-at-Risk, for a structured finance operations unit located within one of Australia's major banks. The Bayesian network, based on a previously developed causal framework, has been designed to model the smaller and more frequent, attritional operational loss events. Given the limited availability of risk factor event information and operational loss data, we rely on the elicitation of subjective probabilities, sourced from domain experts. Parameter sensitivity analysis is performed to validate and check the model's robustness against the beliefs of risk management and operational staff. To ensure that the domain's evolving risk profile is captured through time, a formal approach to organizational learning is investigated that employs the automatic parameter adaption features of the Bayesian network model. A hypothetical case study is then described to demonstrate model adaption and the application of the tool to operational loss forecasting by a business unit risk manager.
Composition control through pH and ionic strength during acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization (2012)

Abstract The possibility of controlling the composition of acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers by controlling the pH and the ionic strength of the reaction medium is investigated. The reactivity ratios of charged monomers depend on the pH of the medium, acrylic acid is the more reactive monomer below pH 3 and acrylamide above pH 4. The working pH was set at 3.6, a candidate for the crossover point, where no composition drift is expected. Copolymerization kinetics is investigated at this pH at various ionic strengths and a reaction without composition drift up to 80% conversion was achieved. All the chains produced in this reaction contain 30% ± 3% acrylic acid. Copolymer conversions, molecular weights, and composition distributions were measured through Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization (ACOMP) system. The copolymerization data were analyzed by a recent error in variables method (EVM) and reactivity ratios are calculated. The results show that in salt free conditions, the reactivity ratios depend on the ionic monomer concentration (ionic strength) in addition to the pH of the reaction medium. The effect of polyelectrolytic interactions on the reactivity ratios and the resulting composition drift during the reaction, sequence length distribution, and Stockmayer bivariate distribution are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The Regulation of Gene Expression Required for C<sub>4</sub>Photosynthesis (2010)

C(4) photosynthesis is normally associated with the compartmentation of photosynthesis between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells. The mechanisms regulating the differential accumulation of photosynthesis proteins in these specialized cells are fundamental to our understanding of how C(4) photosynthesis operates. Cell-specific accumulation of proteins in M or BS can be mediated by posttranscriptional processes and translational efficiency as well as by differences in transcription. Individual genes are likely regulated at multiple levels. Although cis-elements have been associated with cell-specific expression in C(4) leaves, there has been little progress in identifying trans-factors. When C(4) photosynthesis genes from C(4) species are placed in closely related C(3) species, they are often expressed in a manner faithful to the C(4) cycle. Next-generation sequencing and comprehensive analysis of the extent to which genes from C(4) species are expressed in M or BS cells of C(3) plants should provide insight into how the C(4) pathway is regulated and evolved.
Mechanism of the Electrochemical Reduction of Persulfates and Hydrogen Peroxide (1969)

Electrochemical studies have shown that the reduction of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide is a two step mechanism, the first step occurs by electron transfer with the conduction band and the second step by hole injection with the valence band. It could be concluded from corresponding measurements performed with a semiconductor electrode that the electrochemical properties of these oxidizing agents have to be described by two instead of one redox (normal) potential. One normal potential is much lower and the other much larger than the theoretical value determined from thermodynamic data. These values are estimated as