gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear doggybone DNA vaccine induces similar immunological responses to conventional plasmid DNA independently of immune recognition by TLR9 in a pre-clinical model (2018)

Vaccination with DNA that encodes cancer antigens is a simple and convenient way to raise immunity against cancer and has already shown promise in the clinical setting. Conventional plasmid DNA is commonly used which together with the encoded antigen also includes bacterial immunostimulatory CpG motifs to target the DNA sensor Toll-like receptor 9. Recently DNA vaccines using doggybone DNA (dbDNA™), have been developed without the use of bacteria. The cell-free process relies on the use of Phi29 DNA polymerase to amplify the template followed by protelomerase TelN to complete individual closed linear DNA. The resulting DNA contains the required antigenic sequence, a promoter and a poly A tail but lacks bacterial sequences such as an antibiotic resistance gene, prompting the question of immunogenicity. Here we compared the ability of doggybone DNA vaccine with plasmid DNA vaccine to induce adaptive immunity using clinically relevant oncotargets E6 and E7 from HPV. We demonstrate that despite the inability to trigger TLR9, doggybone DNA was able to induce similar levels of cellular and humoral immunity as plasmid DNA, with suppression of established TC-1 tumours.
德里达、利科和基督宗教的边缘化——出场的上帝可以被拯救吗？ (2007)

后现代主义对当代文化的批判导致了基督宗教的逐步边缘化，“拒绝出场的上帝有何得失？”的问题亟待我们解决。该文通过比较德里达与利科的著作，尤其是他们对正义、礼物的概念以及信仰与伦理之间关系的不同理解，寻求保留上帝出场并能回应后现代挑战的可行方法，从而把握到真正的《圣经》信仰，力图将滑落边缘的基督宗教再拉回来。
Architecture for an Intelligent Distributed Database (2005)

In this paper we present an architecture for an intelligent distributed database. It integrates different kinds of database, such as relational, object-oriented, temporal, knowledge, deductive and multimedia databases, among others. In our approach we are using concepts from federate databases, fuzzy classified systems; and a database integration methodology. The architecture is based on a bridge as a mediator and uses learning machines to manage events, data and knowledge.
Exploratory Archeology at Ninety Six in October and November 1970 (1970)

This article appeared in volume 2, numbers 9-12 (September-December 1970).
Human Emotion Classification from EEG Signals Using Multiwavelet Transform (2014)

In this paper, we propose new features based on multiwavelet transform for classification of human emotions from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The EEG signal measures electrical activity of the brain, which contains lot of information related to emotional states. The sub-signals obtained by multiwavelet decomposition of EEG signals are plotted in a 3-D phase space diagram using phase space reconstruction (PSR). The mean and standard deviation of Euclidian distances are computed from 3-D phase space diagram. These features have been used as input features set for multiclass least squares support vector machines (MC-LS-SVM) together with the radial basis function (RBF), Mexican hat wavelet and Morlet wavelet kernel functions for classification of emotions. The proposed features based on multiwavelet transform of EEG signals with Morlet wavelet kernel function of MC-LS-SVM have provided better classification accuracy for classification of emotions.
The QoI Fungicides, the Rise and Fall of a Successful Class of Agricultural Fungicides (2010)

Fungicides 204 and propamocarb, a carbamate fungicide. Options for disease control were expanded in the 1980s through the introduction of several triazoles, the first members of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) class of fungicides and several additional members of the morpholine group Over the last twenty years, the standards of disease control have been further improved by the development of the strobilurins They are a truly remarkable group with activity against all major fungal genera. They exhibit protectant, systemic and eradicant action. The first strobilurin fungicides to reach the market were azoxystrobin and kresoximmethyl; the development of similar compounds soon followed. Collectively, they are called the QoI group, a term derived from their mode of action in binding at the Qo site of cytochrome b. The strobilurins quickly became one of the most important agricultural fungicides, accounting for over 20% of the global fungicide market within the first ten years of their commercial introduction. However, one of the apparent strengths of systemic fungicides, their high specific mode of action, also proved to be a serious weakness. Soon after their introduction, QoI resistant isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. triciti on wheat and Plasmopara viticola on vines were documented Since then, resistant strains of over thirty different plant pathogens have emerged. This fungicide group is considered to be high risk; thus, strict anti-resistance strategies including limiting the number of treatments and using mixtures or alternations, must be taken. In most cases, resistance resulted from modification of the cytochrome b target site. However, an increasing amount of experimental evidence has suggested that QoI resistance can occur via other mechanisms (Fernndez-Ortuo et al., 2008b). This chapter reviews our current knowledge of this successful class of agricultural fungicides and the mechanisms of resistance to QoI fungicides in phytopathogenic fungi, furthermore, it discusses the implications of the emergence of resistance and for risk assessment, including aspects such as the fitness cost associated with QoI resistance.
Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications, and size variants. (1986)

Several autoimmune disorders as well as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are either associated or closely linked with genetic variants of the fourth component of complement (C4A and C4B) and the enzyme steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH). These proteins are encoded by genes that are located downstream from the genes for complement proteins, C2 and factor B (BF) between HLA-B and -DR in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Previous studies of variants and null alleles were based on electrophoretic mobility of C4 protein and linkage with disease phenotypes. These data did not permit analysis of the basis for the observed null alleles and duplicated variants. We studied this region of the MHC in 126 haplotypes for a structural analysis of the four adjacent loci, C4A, 21-OHA, C4B, and 21-OHB. About half of the C4 genes typed as C4 null are deleted and several unrecognized homoduplicated C4 alleles were detected. Hence the frequencies of different C4 structural variants must be recalculated based on a direct analysis of the genes. Analysis of the C4/21-OH genes of patients with the classical (salt-wasting) form of CAH showed that some involve a deletion of the C4B and 21-OHB genes; whereas for two only the 21-OHB gene is deleted, i.e., the C4B gene is present. Together, these data provide a better understanding of the mechanisms generating and importance of deleted C4 and 21-OH null alleles in human disease.
Using the conditioned fear stress (CFS) animal model to understand the neurobiological mechanisms and pharmacological treatment of anxiety. (2012)

The mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathophysiology of anxiety disorders - the most prevalent class of mental disorders - remain unclear. Over the last 30 years investigators have used the animal model of conditioned fear stress (CFS) to investigate the brain structures and neurotransmitter systems involved in aversive emotional learning and memory. Recent studies have focused on the neuronal circuitry and cellular mechanisms of fearful emotional experiences. This review describes the CFS paradigm, discusses the neural circuit and neurotransmission underlying CFS, and explains the mechanism of action of pharmacological treatments of CFS. The focus of the review is on the molecular mechanisms of fear extinction, a phenomenon directly implicated in the clinical treatment of anxiety. Based on our assessment of previous work we will conclude by considering potential molecular targets for treating symptoms of anxiety and fear.
Lipofuscin and Aging: A Matter of Toxic Waste (2005)

Lipofuscin is membrane-bound cellular waste that can be neither degraded nor ejected from the cell but can only be diluted through cell division and subsequent growth. The fate of postmitotic cells is to accumulate lipofuscin, which as an "aging pigment" has been considered a reliable biomarker for the age of cells such as neurons and, by extension, their hosts. In the aging human brain, deposits of lipofuscin are not uniformly distributed but are concentrated in specific regions of functional interest. The prevailing thought is that the major source of lipofuscin is incomplete lysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipofuscin is not benign but can impair the functioning of seemingly unrelated cellular systems, including the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. A damaging feedback loop of lysosomal and proteasomal inhibition may occur as lipofuscin accumulates, leading to what has been appropriately named a "garbage catastrophe." Reversing this catastrophe presents a formidable challenge.
Common Defects of ABCG2, a High-Capacity Urate Exporter, Cause Gout: A Function-Based Genetic Analysis in a Japanese Population (2009)

Gout based on hyperuricemia is a common disease with a genetic predisposition, which causes acute arthritis. The ABCG2/BCRP gene, located in a gout-susceptibility locus on chromosome 4q, has been identified by recent genome-wide association studies of serum uric acid concentrations and gout. Urate transport assays demonstrated that ABCG2 is a high-capacity urate secretion transporter. Sequencing of the ABCG2 gene in 90 hyperuricemia patients revealed several nonfunctional ABCG2 mutations, including Q126X. Quantitative trait locus analysis of 739 individuals showed that a common dysfunctional variant of ABCG2, Q141K, increases serum uric acid. Q126X is assigned to the different disease haplotype from Q141K and increases gout risk, conferring an odds ratio of 5.97. Furthermore, 10% of gout patients (16 out of 159 cases) had genotype combinations resulting in more than 75% reduction of ABCG2 function (odds ratio, 25.8). Our findings indicate that nonfunctional variants of ABCG2 essentially block gut and renal urate excretion and cause gout.
Proteolysis of αs-Casein as a Marker of Grana Padano Cheese Ripening (2000)

Since casein proteolysis has a critical role in defining the typical characteristics of Grana Padano cheese, we evaluated the hydrolysis of alphas-casein during the ripening process. Thanks to the high specificity of the anti-alphas((alphas1 + alphas2)-casein monoclonal antibody and amino acid sequence determination, it was possible to identify three main alphas-casein-derived polypeptides in cheese: alphaa, alphab, and alphac. Their production by the three enzymes most involved in cheese proteolysis (pepsin, chymosin, and plasmin) was evaluated by performing in vitro digestions. Data showed that alphaa was released in cheese mainly by the chymosin attack, while alphab and alphac were due to the action of plasmin. A significant correlation between the abundance of some polypeptides and ripening process was shown.
Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Have Opposing Modulatory Effects on Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Neurophysiological Responses to Gastric Loads: Implications for the Control of Food Intake (2002)

Leptin is an adiposity hormone that modulates the activity of multiple hypothalamic signaling pathways involved in the control of food intake. The present experiments were designed to evaluate whether central administration of leptin or one of its downstream mediators, neuropeptide Y (NPY), could affect food intake by modulating the brain stem neurophysiological response to ascending meal-related feedback signals in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in anesthetized male Long-Evans rats. NTS neurons at the rostrocaudal level of the area postrema were dose-dependently activated by gastric loads ranging from 2-10 ml, and leptin and NPY had opposite modulatory effects on this load volume/activity relationship: leptin significantly increased NTS responses to gastric loads, whereas NPY reduced the potency and efficacy with which gastric loads activated NTS neurons. These effects were probably not mediated by peripheral effects of centrally administered peptides or by the gastrokinetic effects of central NPY or leptin, because the dose-response relationship between gastric load volume and neurophysiological firing rate was unchanged in gastric load-sensitive vagal afferent fibers. These data suggest a mechanistic framework for considering how feeding behavior occurring in meals is altered by challenges to energy homeostasis, such as fasting and overfeeding.
Effect of camera characteristics on the accuracy of a visual gyroscope for indoor pedestrian navigation (2012)

Accurate navigation in GNSS degraded environments, namely indoors and in urban canyons, is still an unsolved problem. Other radio positioning systems used for indoor navigation purposes, like WLAN, are dependent on an infrastructure. Alternatively, if the initial position of the user is known, it may be propagated using self-contained sensors, such as digital compasses, rate gyroscopes and accelerometers. However, rate gyroscopes used for measuring angular velocity suffer from drift errors, and need augmentation to provide accurate positioning. Visual aiding is a substantial method for augmenting angular velocity measurements because it suffers from errors of a different nature than those of rate gyroscopes. The concept of a “visual gyroscope” described in this paper is based on tracking the motion of vanishing points in consecutive images and translating the motion information into the rotation of the camera. The motion of the camera may be further transformed into the heading change of the user. This paper assesses different cameras and setup characteristics defining the accuracy and functioning of a visual gyroscope using three different cameras and two setups.
<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>enterotoxin induces the expression of IL-8 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-<i>β</i>) by human colonic epithelial cells (2000)

Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) has been shown to be capable of inducing intestinal mucosal inflammation in animals. Such inflammation may be responsible for diarrhoea, which occurs in some, but not all human carriers of enterotoxigenic strains of B. fragilis (ETBF). We have studied responses to BFT by different human intestinal epithelial cell lines and subsequently investigated the expression of IL-8 and TGF-beta by T84 cells. The latter were selected because their responses to BFT, characterized by morphological changes and cell death by apoptosis, were similar to those we have recently observed in primary human colonocytes. We show that BFT dose-dependently increased the expression of transcripts and protein of the polymorphonuclear cell chemoattractant IL-8. BFT also dose-dependently induced the release of TGF-beta, which has been shown to enhance the repair of the injured intestinal epithelium. However, the secreted TGF-beta was almost exclusively in the biologically inactive form, as determined by Mv1Lu bioassay. Our studies therefore suggest that exposure of colonic epithelial cells in vivo to high concentrations of BFT can initiate an inflammatory response via secreted IL-8. BFT-induced release of latent TGF-beta may facilitate the subsequent repair of the injured epithelium, following its activation by proteases from neighbouring cells. Variation in cytokine responses by colonic epithelial cells in vivo could be an important determinant in the development of mucosal disease and symptoms in response to ETBF.
Isolation and characterization of a novel human lung-specific gene homologous to lysosomal membrane glycoproteins 1 and 2: significantly increased expression in cancers of various tissues. (1998)

We have isolated and characterized a novel human lung-specific gene and observed its increased expression in cancers arising from various tissues. The cDNA, designated TSC403, contained an open reading frame of 1248 nucleotides encoding 416 amino acids; the deduced amino acid sequence showed significant similarities to lysosomal membrane glycoproteins (lamps) 1 and 2. We localized the gene to chromosomal band 3q27, a genomic region that is often amplified in human cancers of several tissue types. We detected a high level of the TSC403 transcript in primary cancers of the esophagus, colon, fallopian tube, ovary, breast, and liver, although expression of this gene was barely detectable in corresponding normal tissues. These findings indicated that up-regulation of the TSC403 transcript may be related to the development and/or progression of cancer in humans.
Dynamic function placement for data-intensive cluster computing (2000)

Optimally partitioning application andfilesystem functionality within a cluster of clients and servers is a difficult problem dueto dynamic variations in application behavior, resource availability, and workload mixes. Thispaper presents A BACUS, a run-time systemthat monitors and dynamically changes function placement for applications that manipulate largedata sets. Several examples of data-intensive workloads are used to show the importance ofproper function placement and its dependence on dynamic run-time characteristics, withperformance differences frequently reaching 2-10X. We evaluate how well the ABACUSprototype adapts to run-time system behavior, including both long-term variation (e.g., filterselectivity) and short-term variation (e.g., multi-phase applications and inter-applicationresource contention). Our experiments with ABACUS indicate that it is possible to adapt inall of these situations and that the adaptation converges most quickly in those cases where theperformance impact is most significant. 1
An International Haze-Monitoring Network for Students (1999)

The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) Program is an international network of schools in 71 countries that monitors up to 20 environmental parameters. Recently GLOBE added a haze-monitoring program to its measurement protocols. This network has the potential of providing important data about changes in the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere caused by weather fronts, industrial and automobile pollution, and smoke from forest and brush fires and volcanic eruptions. Initially, monitoring will be conducted with an inexpensive, single-channel (520 nm) sun photometer. Unlike conventional sun photometers that use interference filters that are subject to unpredictable and rapid degradation, the GLOBE instrument uses a common light-emitting diode (LED) as a spectrally selective detector. Annual calibrations of two LED sun photometers at Mauna Loa Observatory since 1992 show that these instruments have insignificant degradation when compared to filter sun photometers. Some 175 prototype versions of a kit LED sun photometer have been assembled and tested by students from 16 countries at the University of the Nations and by more than 130 high school teachers in various pilot studies. These studies have demonstrated that even inexperienced students and teachers can quickly assemble a sun photometer from a kit of parts and perform a reliable Langley calibration. The pilot studies have also demonstrated that sun photometery provides a convenient means for allowing students to perform hands-on science while they learn about various topics in history, electronics, algebra, statistics, graphing, and meteorology.
The feasibility of Carbon Nanotubes for power delivery in 3-D Integrated Circuits (2012)

Increased power density and package asymmetry pose challenges in designing power delivery networks for 3-D Integrated Circuits (ICs). The increased resistivity of Cu wires due to scaling has shifted attention to alternate interconnect technologies. Continued and significant innovations in CNT manufacturing at CMOS-compatible temperatures with quality low-resistive contacts promise to enable the use of CNT as a replacement. We investigate in this paper the feasibility of using CNTs for power delivery in 3-D ICs. We evaluate the use of CNTs as Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) and as wiring for global power delivery grids, fabricated on interposer dies. We assume the CNT interconnect has a mix of single- and multi-walled CNTs with 30% metallic nanotubes. We design a 3-D system-level comparative framework that utilizes select traces from SPEC benchmarks to evaluate improvements of CNTs over Cu. Our results emphasize how CNTs can significantly improve power delivery for 3-D integrated circuits. Using CNTs for on-chip power grid and for TSVs reduces the number of TSVs by 71% when compared to a Cu implementation. For the same substrate area dedicated to power-TSVs, CNTs improve the maximum and average IR drop by 98% and 40%, respectively. Improvements in the Ldi/dt drop are 47% and 18%, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis. Part 140. Tris(2‐pyridyl)methane Derivatives with a Chiral Bridging Atom. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adaptive Modeling, Prediction, and Tracking of Wireless Fading Channels (2007)

A key element for many fading-compensation techniques is long-range prediction of the fading channel. A linear approach, usually used to model the time evolution of the fading process, does not perform well for long-range prediction. In this article, we propose an adaptive channel prediction algorithm using a state-space approach for the fading process based on the sum-sinusoidal model. Our simulations show that this algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional linear method, for both stationary and non-stationary fading processes, especially for long-range predictions. The self-recovering structure, as well as the reasonable and steady computational complexity, makes the proposed algorithm appealing for practical applications.
Comparison of human turning gait with the mechanical performance of lower limb prosthetic transverse rotation adapters (2005)

Given the importance of minimizing transverse plane shear stress on soft tissue, several transverse rotational adapters (TRAs) are available for incorporation in lower limb prostheses. This study compares kinetic and kinematic data from human subjects during straight and turning gaits to the mechanical performance of several TRAs. Physiological data were collected from three individuals walking straight and turning at self-selected speeds around a 1 m radius circle. The average peak torques and range of motion for normal subjects while turning were 8.2 Nm and 26 degrees (outside leg), 11.8Nm and 20 degrees (inside leg), and 11.4 Nm and 20 degrees (right leg) during straight gait. Each TRA was mechanically tested without axial loading in a servo-hydraulic material testing system (MTS) over its rotational range at 0.5 dergrees/s and 60 degrees/s. The TRAs with axial compression were also tested at 0.5 degrees/s under a 736N (75kg mass) axial load. Applying these torques to the different TRAs yielded 3 to 35 degrees rotation, depending on the elastomer installed. Some TRAs had nearly constant stiffness, while others stiffened with rotation. The TRAs also varied in their average maximum stiffness from 0.4Nm/degree to 2.7Nm/degrees. Normal subjects exhibit interior vs. exterior asymmetrical torques and displacements; however, only one of the TRAs is designed to allow asymmetrical stiffness, and none have asymmetric ranges. Prosthetists and physicians can use these data to better interpret amputees' qualitative remarks and to prescribe the correct TRA and/or elastomer. This information also forms a basis for further design and development of novel torque absorbing prosthetic adapters.