gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 9-[(carbamoyloxy)alkyl]anthracyclines a novel class of anthracycline derivatives (1990)

A number of 4-demethoxyanthracyclines having hydroxylalkyl functions at the 9-position have previously been synthesized and shown to have potent antitumor activity. A series of carbamate derivatives of these (hydroxyalkyl)anthracyclines have now been prepared, many of which possess considerably greater efficacy in an L-1210 leukemia test system than do the parent alcohols or the known anthracyclines daunorubicin (1), doxorubicin (2), and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (3). Phenylcarbamate 8a was more active than methyl analogue 8b, while the 4'-deoxy and 4'-epi phenylcarbamates 17 and 18 showed particularly high efficacy at optimal dose levels similar to that of doxorubicin. Secondary carbamates were more potent, with the 13R isomer 23 having significantly higher efficacy than 13S analogue 24.
P2PStudio (2006)

Peer-to-Peer Studio has been developed as a monitoring, controlling and visualization tool for peer-to-peer networks. It uses a centralized architecture to gather events from a peer-to-peer network and can be used to visualize network topology and to send different commands to individual peer-to-peer nodes. The tool has been used with Chedar Peer-to-Peer network to study the behavior of different peer-to-peer resource discovery and topology management algorithms and for visualizing the results of NeuroSearch resource discovery algorithm produced by the Peer-to-Peer Realm network simulator. This paper presents the features, the architecture and the protocols of Peer-to-Peer Studio and the experience gained from using the tool for peer-to-peer networks research
The first-principles-based microkinetic simulation of the dry reforming of methane over Ru(0001) (2020)

As the temperature was increased, the generation rate of H<sub>2</sub> and CO in the DRM reaction on Ru(0001) gradually increased along with the ratio of H<sub>2</sub>/CO generation rate.
Proton Relays in Molecular Catalysis of Electrochemical Reactions: Origin and Limitations of the Boosting Effect (2018)

Homogeneous catalysis of electrochemical reactions, related to contemporary energy challenges, often involves proton-coupled electron transfer sequences. The idea rapidly emerged that installing the proton donor (for reductions, or acceptor for oxidations) inside the catalyst molecule should be beneficial in terms of efficiency, as it would then be closer to the nerve center of the process (usually the metal in the case of transition metal complex catalysts). If this proton relay has indeed done the job, it has lost its proton at the end of each catalytic loop, and must therefore be reprotonated (for reductions, or deprotonated for oxidations) from acid (or base) from the solution before a new catalytic loop can start. The impression may thus be that there is a zero-sum game. The conditions under which this is not the case may entail, in contrast, a considerable boosting of catalysis. This will also allow explain why the proton is such a specifically appropriate agent for this task.
Knowledge based master production scheduler (1990)

Master production scheduling (MPS) is a broad planning activity, which controls and coordinates the subsequent phases of a typical manufacturing scheduling process, including manufacturing resource planning; finite scheduling; dynamic scheduling; and dispatching. Such a plan stretches over a long period. It normally plans for about six to thirty-six months using sales forecasts, results of the production plans of the previous periods, production environment constraints and management production goals. This paper describes the design of a knowledge based decision support system for a local IC manufacturing company. The system was designed to improve the productivity of the human master scheduler and help him arrive at decisions of better quality as a result of evaluating various scenarios.
The History of Local Government in England, being a re-issue of Book I of Local Government in England. By Redlich Josef and W. Hirst Francis. Edited with Introduction and Epilogue by Keith-Lucas Brian, Fellow of Nuffield College and Senior Lecturer in Local Government in the University of Oxford. [London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd.1958. xv and 256 and (index) 3 pp. 30s. net.] (1959)

The History of Local Government in England, being a re-issue of Book I of Local Government in England. By Redlich Josef and W. Hirst Francis. Edited with Introduction and Epilogue by Keith-Lucas Brian, Fellow of Nuffield College and Senior Lecturer in Local Government in the University of Oxford. [London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd.1958. xv and 256 and (index) 3 pp. 30s. net.] - Volume 17 Issue 1
Developmental origins and functions of stromal cells in the normal and diseased mammalian kidney (2014)

The kidney is a model developmental paradigm of vertebrate organogenesis. As in many other organs, kidney development involves reciprocal inductive tissue interactions between multiple cell lineages. The most well defined of these interactions occurs between the ureteric bud and the nephrogenic mesenchyme. A population of mesenchymal cells distinct from nephrogenic precursors and termed stromal cells, have been relatively understudied. Yet existing knowledge indicates that stromal cells are critical regulators in the normal and diseased kidney. This commentary reviews current knowledge regarding the origin and functional roles of the stromal cell population during kidney development. Gaps in our current understanding of renal stromal cells and future directions needed to advance this expanding field of study are highlighted.
CodeShield (2012)

Malware has been a major security problem both in organizations and homes for more than a decade. One common feature of most malware attacks is that at a certain point early in the attack, an executable is dropped on the system which, when executed, enables the attacker to achieve their goals and maintain control of the compromised machine. In this paper we propose the concept of Personalized Application Whitelisting (PAW) to block all unsolicited foreign code from executing on a system. We introduce CodeShield, an approach to implement PAW on Windows hosts. CodeShield uses a simple and novel security model, and a new user interaction approach for obtaining security-critical decisions from users. We have implemented CodeShield, demonstrated its security effectiveness, and conducted a user study, having 38 participants run CodeShield on their laptops for 6 weeks. Results from the data demonstrate the usability and promises of our design.
In vivo activity of Rhopalosiphum padi virus internal ribosome entry sites (2003)

The RNA genome of Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV), like other members of the Dicistroviridae, contains two open reading frames that are preceded by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). To compare the activities of the two RhPV IRESs in insect cells, a system was established for the in vivo transcription and translation of plasmid templates containing the IRESs. In this system, the two RhPV IRESs directed initiation of translation from bicistronic plasmids with equal efficiency. Competition was observed between the two IRESs when they were in cis in a bicistronic plasmid. A mutation that disrupted the 3'-proximal pseudoknot of the intergenic (IG) IRES reduced translation initiation in vivo. Similarly, mutations in the RhPV IG IRES disrupted its ability to bind 80S particles in vitro. The two IRESs preferentially labelled proteins of different masses in UV cross-linking experiments, illustrating the different translation initiation mechanisms employed by the two elements.
Topology optimization of dynamics problems with Padé approximants (2007)

Abstract An efficient procedure for topology optimization of dynamics problems is proposed. The method is based on frequency responses represented by Padé approximants and analytical sensitivity analysis derived using the adjoint method. This gives an accurate approximation of the frequency response over wide frequency ranges and a formulation that allows for design sensitivities to be computed at low computational cost also for a large number of design variables. Two examples that deal with optimization of forced vibrations are included. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The propagator matrix related to the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral in inverse wavefield extrapolation (1994)

Abstract The Kirchhoff-Helmholtz formula for the wavefield inside a closed surface surrounding a volume is most commonly given as a surface integral over the field and its normal derivative, given the Green's function of the problem. In this case the source point of the Green's function, or the observation point, is located inside the volume enclosed by the surface. However, when locating the observation point outside the closed surface, the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz formula constitutes a functional relationship between the field and its normal derivative on the surface, and thereby defines an integral equation for the fields. By dividing the closed surface into two parts, one being identical to the (infinite) data measurement surface and the other identical to the (infinite) surface onto which we want to extrapolate the data, the solution of the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation mathematically gives exact inverse extrapolation of the field when constructing a Green's function that generates either a null pressure field or a null normal gradient of the pressure field on the latter surface. In the case when the surfaces are plane and horizontal and the medium parameters are constant between the surfaces, analysis in the wavenumber domain shows that the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation is equivalent to the Thomson-Haskell acoustic propagator matrix method. When the medium parameters have smooth vertical gradients, the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation in the high-frequency approximation is equivalent to the WKBJ propagator matrix method, which also is equivalent to the extrapolation method denoted by extrapolation by analytic continuation.
Chemical CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation:  Cr(III) Salen Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> and Epoxides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChemical CO2 Fixation: Cr(III) Salen Complexes as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Coupling of CO2 and EpoxidesRobert L. Paddock and SonBinh T. NguyenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Institute for Environmental Catalysis, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 46, 11498–11499Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2001Publication History Received21 June 2001Published online30 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0164677https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0164677rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8396Altmetric-Citations612LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning–Based Automated Detection Algorithm for Major Thoracic Diseases on Chest Radiographs (2019)

The algorithm consistently outperformed physicians, including thoracic radiologists, in the discrimination of chest radiographs with major thoracic diseases, demonstrating its potential to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical practice.
Olfactory theories and the odors of small molecules (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOlfactory theories and the odors of small moleculesHein L. KloppingCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1971, 19, 5, 999–1004Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60177a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60177a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Structurally Well-Defined Polyacrylic Acid Films (2003)

Ultrasonic atomization of acrylic acid monomer into an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) leads to the deposition of structurally well-defined polymeric films. High retention of the carboxylic acid group has been verified by XPS and FT-IR spectroscopy. These films are found to exhibit low water contact angle values and display good adhesive and gas barrier performance.
Assessment of LTE Wireless Access for Monitoring of Energy Distribution in the Smart Grid (2016)

While LTE has been widely rolled out for human-type services, it is also a promising solution for cost-efficient connectivity of the smart grid monitoring equipment. This is a type of machine-to-machine (M2M) traffic that consists mainly of sporadic uplink transmissions. In such a setting, the amount of traffic that can be served in a cell is not constrained by the data capacity, but rather by the signaling constraints in the random access channel and control channel. In this paper, we explore these limitations using a detailed simulation of the LTE access reservation protocol (ARP). We find that 1) assigning more random access opportunities may actually worsen performance and 2) the additional signaling that follows the ARP has very large impact on the capacity in terms of the number of supported devices; we observed a reduction in the capacity by almost a factor of 3. This suggests that a lightweight access method, with a reduced number of signaling messages, needs to be considered in standardization for M2M applications. Additionally we propose a tractable analytical model to calculate the outage that can be rapidly implemented and evaluated. The model accounts for the features of the random access, control channel, and uplink and downlink data channels, as well as retransmissions.
Authentication - Are We Doing Well Enough? [Guest Editors' Introduction] (2012)

Authentication has been a cornerstone of computer security since ancient times. It's an area deserving even more attention today. Better authentication will make the Internet, secured workplaces, and connected homes safer and more convenient for all. The guest editors introduce a special issue on authentication that includes a roundtable discussion with leaders in authentication technologies and three articles providing insight into the authentication landscape.
The influence of the skewed rotor slots on the magnetic noise of three-phase induction motors (1997)

The skewed rotor slots were originally used to provide starting torque when the motors had the number of the stator slots equal to the rotor slots. This technique was kept later even though knowing that the starting torque could be provided choosing a proper number of rotor slots. It was proved that other negative influences could be reduced when skewed rotor slots are used. The skewed slots generate an additional leakage flux in the machine, reducing the useful flux. So, a reduction of the electromagnetic coupling between stator and rotor occurs. The skew factor indicates the reduction of the electromagnetic coupling. For the harmonics, the electromagnetic coupling is reduced as the order of the harmonic is increased. In some cases, the effect of the harmonics is canceled. At WEG, the investigation and analysis of the causes of the magnetic noise are usual procedures. The electrical machines are analysed during the design stage. Simulation software is used in order to give to the designers the best configuration to minimize magnetic noise and vibration. The two most useful techniques are the proper choice of stator and motor number of slots and the skewing of the rotor slots. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the skewed rotor slots on the magnetic noise. Tests results for seven three-phase induction motors are shown. Its innovative contribution is to provide practical results for the main frequencies of the three-phase induction motor noise spectrum as well as the overall noise for several rotor slots skewing.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for<i>Clostridium barati</i>type F neurotoxin: Comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins (1993)

The neurotoxin gene from Clostridium barati ATCC43756 was cloned as a series of overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) generated fragments using primers designed to conserve toxin sequences previously published. The toxin gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1268 amino acids giving a calculated molecular mass of 141,049 Da. The sequence identity between the C. barati ATCC43756 and non-proteolytic C. botulinum 202F neurotoxins is 64.2% for the light chain and 73.6% for the heavy chain. This is much lower than reported identities for the type E neurotoxins from C. botulinum and C. butyricum (96% identity between light chains and 98.8% between the heavy chains). Previously identified conserved regions in other botulinal neurotoxins were also conserved in that of C. barati. An ORF upstream of the toxin coding region was revealed. This shows strong homology to the 3' end of the gene coding for the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin (NTNH) component of the progenitor toxin from C. botulinum type C neurotoxin.
A Rat Excised Larynx Model of Vocal Fold Scar (2009)

The excised larynx model reported here demonstrated robust deterioration across phonatory indices under the scar condition and sensitivity to treatment-induced change under the bFGF condition. The improvement observed under the sham condition may reflect unanticipated therapeutic benefit or artifact. This model holds promise as a tool for the functional characterization of biomechanical tissue changes resulting from vocal fold scar and the evaluation of experimental therapies.
People Sensemaking and Relationship Building on an Enterprise Social Network Site (2009)

This paper describes a social network site designed to support employees within an enterprise in connecting and learning about each other through personal and professional sharing. We introduce the design concepts and provide a detailed account of the first three months of usage, involving nearly 300 users. Our findings suggest that employees find the site particularly useful as a way to perform people sensemaking of individuals and to connect and maintain relationships with others on the site.
Specification, Selectivity, and Performance of Porous Cellulose Acetate Membranes in Reverse Osmossis (1969)

The general specifications of the Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membranes are given in terms of the pure water permeability constant, A, and the solute transport parameter for sodium chloride at different operating pressures. A scale of membrane selectivity is presented for 12 inorganic and two organic solutes in terms of their relative values of the solute transport parameter for several membrane specification and selectivity, and the applicable mass transfer coefficient, k, obtained from a generalized correlation, the performance data for different membranes solution systems, and operating conditions have been calculated. These data related membrane specification to membrane performance expressed in simple terms of solute separation and product rate. The effects of variation of the solute transport parameter, feed concentration, feed flow rate, operating temperature, A-factor (membrane compaction), and chemical nature of solute on membrane performance are illustrated and discussed. The order of solute separation with respect to any two solutes does not always correspond to that of their relative values of the solute transport parameter, and the former is a function of the latter and the operating conditions of pressure, feed concentration, and the mass transfer coefficient, k.
SemEval-2012 Task 1: English Lexical Simplification (2012)

Geographical variance in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its etiological link to viruses and gut microbiome imply causative environmental agents. Antipyretics and especially acetaminophen received some attention recently due to the associations with some autoimmune conditions and lack of studies on the mechanisms influencing the immune system. A couple of recent studies involving large cohorts have found no association between the use of acetaminophen in early childhood and seroconversion leading to T1DM (TEDDY, involving international cohort) or diagnosis of overt T1DM (Norwegian MoBa) in the follow up years. The paper gives the supplemental argumentation for the antipyretic hypothesis presented in Medical Hypotheses in 2016 that is still valid in face of the mentioned conclusions. The hypothesis assumes that critical effect of acetaminophen and possibly other antipyretics expresses itself as the immediate influence on the immune system in the unfortunate coincidence with the other environmental factors, supposedly involving feverish, new to immunity, viral infection, all creating triggering circumstances regardless of age. Young age, in this respect should be regarded as a risk factor due to immatureness of immunity. The paper discusses that antipyretics and particularly acetaminophen need more attention evaluating their possible immunity modulations during infection or through negative effects on intestinal microbiota or both.