gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Animal Model System for Investigating the AntiTumor Effects of Human Interferon (1983)

Human lymphoblastoid cell-derived alpha interferon, HuIFN-alpha N, strongly inhibited human breast carcinoma cells grown as xenografts in nude mice. This inhibition was dose dependent, required daily therapy and was manifested as a decline in tumor growth rate. Effects were generally reversible although tumors grew at a slower rate after therapy. Two studies indicated a direct effect of IFN on the tumor: 1) HuIFN therapy stimulated 2-5A synthetase levels in the tumor but did not effect mouse spleen cells; 2) HuIFN did not influence nude mouse NK cell activity. Mouse IFN also inhibited the growth of the tumor (which has a human karyotype) and preliminary studies indicate an indirect effect. Thus, combinations of mouse and human IFNs may improve the model. This system has been used to screen new IFNs and IFN/drug combinations and results of such experiments are described. In particular, combinations of low doses of cyclophosphamide and HuIFN-alpha were strongly synergistic and resulted in "cure" of tumors which had never been seen with either agent alone at these doses. Metabolism of cyclophosphamide may be affected by homologous IFN and experiments on the addition of mouse IFN to the combination, and on mechanisms of the synergism are reported.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of β‐Ca <sub>2</sub> SiO <sub>4</sub> from Hillebrandite (1992)

Experiments on hydrothermal synthesis were conducted using quartz or silicic acid and lime as starting materials at Ca/Si = 2.0. It is possible to synthesize pure hillebrandite (Ca 2 (SiO 3 )(OH) 2 ) having the theoretical composition by heating at 200°C for 10 h or at 250°C for 5 h. The synthesized product is fibrous, open at each end, and has a length of 20 to 30 μm. Calcium silicate hydrate gels are produced at the initial stage of the reaction. These react further with the unreacted lime to give hillebrandite. However, when silicic acid is used as silica, hillebrandite with tricalcium silicate hydrate is observed at 250°C because of the high reaction rate of silica. On heating, hillebrandite starts to decompose at about 500°C and produces low‐crystalline β‐Ca 2 SiO 4 , which is stable at room temperature and has a remarkably large specific surface area of about 7 m 2 /g. The decomposition reaction rate in a single crystal is rapid, and the reaction is considered to proceed topotactically.
Underreamer Improvements for Drilling Moving Salt Formations (1989)

ABSTRACT There exists a need in today's industry for a durable, yet versatile, underreamer which will withstand the tortures of hard rock drilling. This paper describes the design, field testing, and subsequent modifications of one such prototype underreamer. The underreamer was utilized, in conjunction with a bi-center polycrystalline diamond bit, to simultaneously drill and underream a fast moving salt formation. Due to the limited success of previously run underreamers, a new tool was designed and built to perform under the severe downhole conditions developed in a drilling/underreaming operation. Comparisons are made between the prototype underreamer and a similar tool based on body/arm strength and the cutter usage, placement, and durability. Modifications and improvements are documented in a summary of the field tests performed. Recommendations are given to further enhance the performance of the prototype underreamer and expand its applications.
Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks (1976)

Abstract The influence of saturation by water, oil, gas, and mixtures of these fluids on the densities, velocities, reflection coefficients, and elastic moduli of consolidated sedimentary rocks was determined in the laboratory by ultrasonic wave propagation methods. Twenty rock samples varying in age from Pliocene to early Devonian and in porosity from 4 to 41 percent were tested under uniform pressures equivalent to subsurface depths of 0 to 18,690 ft.Fluid saturation effects on compressional-wave velocity are much larger in low-porosity than in high-porosity rocks; this correlation is strengthened by elevated pressures but is absent at atmospheric pressure. At a frequency of 1 MHz, the shear-wave velocities do not always decrease when liquid pore saturants are added to rocks as theorized by Biot; agreement with theory is dependent upon pressure, porosity, fluid-mineral chemical interactions, and the presence of microcracks in the cementing material. Experimental results support the belief that lower compressional-wave velocities and higher reflection coefficients are obtained in sedimentary rocks that contain gas.Replacing pore liquids with gas markedly reduces the elastic moduli of rocks, and the effect is enhanced by decreasing pressure. As a rule, the moduli decrease as the porosity increases; Poison's ratio is an exception to the rule. Liquid and gas saturation in consolidated rocks can also be distinguished by the ratio of compressional and shear wave velocities (V p /V s ). The potential diagnostic value of elastic moduli in seismic exploration may stimulate interest in the use of shear-wave reflection methods in the field.
A 1.5 V, 4.1 mW dual-channel audio delta-sigma D/A converter (1998)

The paper describes a stereo digital-to-analog converter intended for portable digital-audio which operates at 1.5 V and consumes only 4.1 mW. A 15-level quantization, third-order delta-sigma was employed to reduce digital operation speed, relax out-of-band filtering requirements, and enhance immunity to clock jitter. The use of direct charge transfer switched-capacitor technique in the multibit reconstruction DAC reduces kT/C noise and element mismatch without increase of power dissipation. The data weighted averaging algorithm suppresses nonlinearity caused by capacitor mismatch by first-order noise-shaping, thereby making mismatch-induced noise negligible. The stereo audio DAC achieves 90 dB dynamic range and 81 dB peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio over a 20 kHz passband. The 5.3 mm/sup 2/ chip is fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology which includes low-threshold devices.
Hardware-Software Codesign of Accurate, Multiplier-free Deep Neural Networks (2017)

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) push the state-of-the-art in many machine learning applications, they often require millions of expensive floating-point operations for each input classification. This computation overhead limits the applicability of DNNs to low-power, embedded platforms and incurs high cost in data centers. This motivates recent interests in designing low-power, low-latency DNNs based on fixed-point, ternary, or even binary data precision. While recent works in this area offer promising results, they often lead to large accuracy drops when compared to the floating-point networks. We propose a novel approach to map floating-point based DNNs to 8-bit dynamic fixed-point networks with integer power-of-two weights with no change in network architecture. Our dynamic fixed-point DNNs allow different radix points between layers. During inference, power-of-two weights allow multiplications to be replaced with arithmetic shifts, while the 8-bit fixed-point representation simplifies both the buffer and adder design. In addition, we propose a hardware accelerator design to achieve low-power, low-latency inference with insignificant degradation in accuracy. Using our custom accelerator design with the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, we show that our method achieves significant power and energy savings while increasing the classification accuracy.
Effective height-grid map building using inverse perspective image (2015)

This paper discusses an efficient method for generating height-grid maps, which are widely utilized in developing mobile robots and autonomous vehicles. The proposed method consists of four steps. First, inverse perspective images (IPI) are obtained from wide-angle cameras equipped with a fish-eye lens. Second, dense motion stereo is performed using IPI. Next, depth information is calculated and mapped onto the grid map. Lastly, a fusion of the grid maps is executed to enhance the quality of the map using a modified temporal median filter. The method can efficiently collect height and position information about objects relative to the road surface. The reason is that wide-angle images are converted to IPI to remove the perspective distortion of the road surface, and the depth is calculated using dense motion stereo from IPI. Moreover, the efficiency of the proposed fusion method is significantly higher than that of previous methods. The proposed method is very simple, but the quality that could be obtained is similar to the quality produced by the conventional technique, and the building speed showed dramatically fast performance of up to 200 fps in a single core CPU. In addition, we used a variety of test data and showed that the result verifies the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Global Iron-dependent Gene Regulation in Escherichia coli (2003)

Organisms generally respond to iron deficiency by increasing their capacity to take up iron and by consuming intracellular iron stores. Escherichia coli, in which iron metabolism is particularly well understood, contains at least 7 iron-acquisition systems encoded by 35 iron-repressed genes. This Fe-dependent repression is mediated by a transcriptional repressor, Fur (ferric uptake regulation), which also controls genes involved in other processes such as iron storage, the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, pathogenicity, and redox-stress resistance. Our macroarray-based global analysis of iron- and Fur-dependent gene expression in E. coli has revealed several novel Fur-repressed genes likely to specify at least three additional iron-transport pathways. Interestingly, a large group of energy metabolism genes was found to be iron and Fur induced. Many of these genes encode iron-rich respiratory complexes. This iron- and Fur-dependent regulation appears to represent a novel iron-homeostatic mechanism whereby the synthesis of many iron-containing proteins is repressed under iron-restricted conditions. This mechanism thus accounts for the low iron contents of fur mutants and explains how E. coli can modulate its iron requirements. Analysis of 55Fe-labeled E. coli proteins revealed a marked decrease in iron-protein composition for the fur mutant, and visible and EPR spectroscopy showed major reductions in cytochrome b and d levels, and in iron-sulfur cluster contents for the chelator-treated wild-type and/or fur mutant, correlating well with the array and quantitative RT-PCR data. In combination, the results provide compelling evidence for the regulation of intracellular iron consumption by the Fe2+-Fur complex.
Effects of sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine on plasma cholesterol level in rats fed on a high cholesterol diet. (1985)

The effects of the addition of individual amino acids on methionine-induced hypercholesterolemia (experiment 1), and the interacting effects of dietary protein level and sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine on plasma cholesterol concentration (experiment 2) were studied in growing rats fed on a high cholesterol diet. In experiment 1, rats were fed on a 25% casein-0.75% methionine (25CM) diet containing 2.5% of individual amino acids for 2 weeks. Methionine-induced hypercholesterolemia was prevented by the concurrent addition of glycine or serine, but the other amino acids tested (alanine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, and glutamic acid) had no effect. Histidine rather enhanced the hypercholesterolemia. In experiment 2, rats were fed on a 10%, 25%, or 50% casein diet containing 0.75% methionine, 0.60% cystine, 0.63% taurine, 2.5% glycine, or 0.75% methionine +2.5% glycine for 3 weeks. Dietary addition of 0.75% methionine increased the plasma cholesterol concentration for the 25% and 50% casein diets, but it decreased the plasma cholesterol for the 10% casein diet. When the addition level of methionine was doubled in the 10% casein diet, the plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly higher for the 1.5% methionine-added diet than for the 0.75% methionine-added diet. Cystine and taurine lowered plasma cholesterol for all dietary casein levels. Methionine-induced hypercholesterolemia with 25% and 50% casein diets was prevented by the glycine supplementation. These data suggest that sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine are important in plasma cholesterol regulation.
The Microbial Metabolism of Methanol (1972)

A methanol-oxidizing enzyme was extracted from a methanol-utilizing yeast, Kloeckera sp. No. 2201, and was found to be independent of the addition of a hydrogen acceptor. The enzyme, which was inducibly formed in methanol-grown cells, was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G–200 column chromatographies and crystallization with solid ammonium sulfate. The crystalline enzyme preparation gave a single band on polyacryamide disc gel electrophoresis and a single symmetrical peak in the ultracentrifuge. The molecular weight was calculated to be 570,000. The enzyme catalyzed the following reaction: and it was characterized to be an oxidase.With the crystalline preparation of alcohol oxidase of Kloeckera sp. No. 2201 grown on methanol as a sole carbon source, some properties of the enzyme were investigated. The visible absorption spectrum showed maxima at 373 mμ, 392 mμ and 461 mμ. which were bleached by an addition of substrate and were restored by oxygenation. The prosthetic...
Pw1/Peg3 is a potential cell death mediator and cooperates with Siah1a in p53-mediated apoptosis (2000)

Induction of wild-type p53 in mouse fibroblasts causes cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase, whereas coexpression of p53 and the protooncogene c-myc induces apoptosis. Although p53 transcriptional activity generally is required for both pathways, the molecular components mediating p53-dependent apoptosis are not well understood. To identify factors that could mediate p53-induced cell death, we used a comparative RNA differential display procedure. We have identified Pw1/Peg3 as a gene product induced during p53/c-myc-mediated apoptosis. Pw1/Peg3 is not induced during p53-mediated G(1) growth arrest nor by c-myc alone. Although it is not clear whether the induction of Pw1/Peg3 depends on p53 activity, we show that Pw1/Peg3 interacts with a p53-inducible gene product Siah1a. We demonstrate that coexpression of Pw1/Peg3 with Siah1a induces apoptosis independently of p53 whereas expression of Pw1/Peg3 or Siah1a separately has no effect on cell death. These data suggest that Siah1a and Pw1/Peg3 cooperate in the p53-mediated cell death pathway. Furthermore, we show that inhibiting Pw1/Peg3 activity blocks p53-induced apoptosis. The observation that Pw1/Peg3 is necessary for the p53 apoptotic response suggests a pivotal role for this gene in determining cell death versus survival.
Fourier-transform holographic microscope (1992)

We describe a holographic microscope with a spatial resolution approaching the diffraction limit. The instrument uses a tiny drop of glycerol as a lens to create the spherically diverging reference illumination necessary for Fourier-transform holography. Measurement of the point-spread function, which is obtained by imaging a knife edge in dark-field illumination, indicates a transverse resolution of 1.4 microm with wavelength lambda = 514.5 nm. Longitudinal resolution is obtained from the holograms by the numerical equivalent of optical sectioning. We describe the method of reconstruction and demonstrate the microscope's capability with selected biological specimens. The instrument offers two unique capabilities: (1) it can collect three-dimensional information in a single pulse of light, avoiding specimen damage and bleaching; and (2) it can record three-dimensional motion pictures from a series of light pulses. The conceptual design is applicable to a broad range of wavelengths and we discuss extension to the x-ray regime.
Oligothiophene-Functionalized Perylene Bisimide System:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Polymerization Properties (2005)

The novel perylene bisimides functionalized with oligothiophene substituents in the bay position of the perylene core N,N‘-di(2-ethylhexyl)-1,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (2a), N,N‘-di(2-ethylhexyl)-1,7-di[(2,2‘)bithiophen-5-yl]perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (2b), and N,N‘-di(2-ethylhexyl)-1,7-di[(2,2‘;5‘,2‘ ‘)terthiophen-5-yl]perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (2c) have been synthesized and fully characterized. As compared to the unsubstituted perylene bisimide (3), the UV−vis absorptions of 2a−c undergo a bathochromic shift along with considerable band broadening and a less pronounced vibronic fine structure. Moreover, efficient intramolecular electron transfer between the oligothiophene-donor and perylene-acceptor leads to remarkable fluorescence quenching of the perylene core. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of these compounds were performed and corresponding polymers from the monomers 2b and 2c were prepared by electrochemical polymerization. Both oligomers and polymers possess a facile reductive process, and their oxidation potential can be tuned by variation of the number of thiophene groups. These properties make them promising materials for optoelectrical devices such as molecular switches, solar energy harvesters, and supercapacitors for energy storage.
Minimum Energy Tracking Loop With Embedded DC–DC Converter Enabling Ultra-Low-Voltage Operation Down to 250 mV in 65 nm CMOS (2008)

Minimizing the energy consumption of battery-powered systems is a key focus in integrated circuit design. This paper presents an energy minimization loop, with on-chip energy sensor circuitry, that can dynamically track the minimum energy operating voltage of arbitrary digital circuits with changing workload and operating conditions. An embedded DC-DC converter which enables this minimum energy operation is designed to deliver load voltages between 0.25 V to 0.7 V. The minimum energy tracking loop along with the DC-DC converter and test circuitry were fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The area overhead of the control loop is only 0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measured energy savings of the order of 50%-100% are obtained on tracking the minimum energy point (MEP) as it varies with workload and temperature. The DC-DC converter delivers load voltages as low as 250 mV and achieved an efficiency >80% while delivering load powers of the order of 1 muW and higher from a 1.2 V supply.
A Peer-To-Peer Architecture for Synchronous Collaboration over Low-Bandwidth Networks (2003)

Abstract. The need for peer-to-peer collaboration over the Internet is increasing nowadays. There are many factors that make this task particularly difficult. Software designers and developers often come across the challenge of overcoming the raising technical and organizational problems. These problems include mostly the limited bandwidth of networks especially of dialup connections, but also the presence of firewalls and proxy servers in intranets that inhibit peer-to-peer communication. A flexible architecture needs to be defined that overcomes these problems and permits a smooth collaborative environment that would satisfy the needs of end users. This paper describes a study on these problems and provides solutions accordingly by defining the architecture of a peer-to-peer collaborative system developed and used for real-time collaborative modelling activities. 1
Ultraviolet-Enhanced Oxidation of Silicon (1971)

This paper describes the results of dry thermal oxidation of silicon under uv-irradiation conditions. A model is proposed to explain the enhanced oxidation and reduced surface-state charge density that occur under these conditions.
P‐1: Analysis of IPS Mura, Image‐Sticking and Flicker Caused by Internal DC Effects (2003)

Abstract The IPS Mura related to array process is analyzed from its optical properties by examining enhanced macro and micro digital images using a novel DC ion‐charging method. Image sticking and time‐dependent flicker have been investigated by a bipolar DC voltage‐stress method on three different IPS test‐cell structures using a TN cell as a reference. The experimental results on image sticking and flicker are analyzed from a viewpoint of internal DC voltage.
Object-Based Visual Sentiment Concept Analysis and Application (2014)

This paper studies the problem of modeling object-based visual concepts such as "crazy car" and "shy dog" with a goal to extract emotion related information from social multimedia content. We focus on detecting such adjective-noun pairs because of their strong co-occurrence relation with image tags about emotions. This problem is very challenging due to the highly subjective nature of the adjectives like "crazy" and "shy" and the ambiguity associated with the annotations. However, associating adjectives with concrete physical nouns makes the combined visual concepts more detectable and tractable. We propose a hierarchical system to handle the concept classification in an object specific manner and decompose the hard problem into object localization and sentiment related concept modeling. In order to resolve the ambiguity of concepts we propose a novel classification approach by modeling the concept similarity, leveraging on online commonsense knowledgebase. The proposed framework also allows us to interpret the classifiers by discovering discriminative features. The comparisons between our method and several baselines show great improvement in classification performance. We further demonstrate the power of the proposed system with a few novel applications such as sentiment-aware music slide shows of personal albums.
<title>Wavelength sensitivity of Ti:LiNbO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> Mach-Zehnder interferometer</title> (1994)

A commercially available broadband (20 GHz) Titanium indiffused Lithium Niobate traveling wave Mach-Zehnder interferometer was evaluated for its wavelength sensitivity. The electrooptic transfer characteristic was measured over the wavelength range between 1500 nm and 1565 nm. Variations of the extinction ratio, intrinsic phase bias and the halfwave voltage were evaluated. Measurements confirmed that the halfwave voltage increases linearly with wavelength and the intrinsic phase bias varies inversely as predicted by theoretical analysis. The extinction ratio was found to remain approximately constant.
Cache injection on bus based multiprocessors (1998)

Software-controlled cache prefetching and data forwarding are widely used techniques for tolerating memory latency in shared memory multiprocessors. However, some previous studies show that cache prefetching is not so effective on bus-based multiprocessors, while the effectiveness of data forwarding has not been explored in this environment, yet. In this paper, a novel technique called cache injection is proposed. Cache injection, tuned to the properties of bus-based architectures, combines advantages of both cache prefetching and data forwarding. Some preliminary experiments show that the proposed solution can significantly help in reducing the overall miss ratio and bus traffic in applications where write-shared data prevails.