gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioorganic chemistry: sterols and acrylic terpene terminal expoxides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioorganic chemistry: sterols and acrylic terpene terminal expoxidesE. E. Van TamelenCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1968, 1, 4, 111–120Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50004a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50004a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views889Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Consequences of the introduction of combined spatula and Cytobrush sampling for cervical cytology. Improvements in smear quality and detection rates. (1986)

One of the most important yardsticks for evaluating sampling for the detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions is the percentage of smears that contain cells from the transformation zone. Until February 1985, all smears made by around 500 different general practitioners were taken with a modified Ayre spatula. In the period February to October 1985, 24,496 smears of spatula samples and 5,716 smears prepared by combined spatula-Cytobrush sampling were analyzed. With the introduction of the combined spatula-Cytobrush method, the rate of smears containing cells from the transformation zone (adequate smears) rose from 84% to 98%. With the spatula-alone method, there were large differences between the rates of adequate smears from the various doctors; with the combined spatula-Cytobrush method, all participating doctors were without exception highly successful. The positive cytology rate was significantly higher in the combined spatula-Cytobrush smears (0.75%) as compared with the spatula-alone smears (0.38%). There was also a change in the diagnostic pattern in that more premalignant changes of the glandular epithelium of the endocervix were detected. One case of early invasive adenocarcinoma of the endocervix, in which the combined spatula-Cytobrush smears was positive and the repeat spatula-alone smear made by the gynecologist was negative, is discussed in detail. We anticipate that, with the large-scale introduction of the Cytobrush sampling method, fewer repeat smears will be required and, in addition, the observed relative increase of endocervical adenocarcinoma of the endocervix will be halted. In addition, there will be fewer false-negative smears.
DSP Online Algorithms for The ATLAS TileCal Read-Out Drivers (2008)

TileCal is the hadronic tile calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment at LHC/CERN. The central element of the back-end system of the TileCal detector is the read-out driver (ROD).The main components of the TileCal ROD are the Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) placed on the processing unit (PU) daughterboards. This paper presents a detailed description of the code developed for the DSPs. The code is divided into two different parts: the first part contains the core functionalities and the second part the reconstruction algorithms. The core acts as an operating system and controls configuration, data reception and transmission and synchronization between front-end data and the timing, trigger and control (TTC) information. The reconstruction algorithms implemented on the DSP are the optimal filtering (OF), muon tagging (MTag) and missing calculation. The OF algorithm reconstructs the deposited energy and the phase of the signal for every calorimeter channel within a front-end module. This reconstructed energy is used by the MTag algorithm to tag low transverse momentum muons that may escape the ATLAS muon spectrometer Level 1 trigger whereas the Missing algorithm computes the total transverse energy and the projection on and axis for the entire module that will be used by the Level 2 trigger system.
Integrity S2: A Fault-Tolerant Unix Platform (2005)

A description is given of Integrity S2, a fault-tolerant, Unix-based computing system designed and implemented to provide a highly available, fault-tolerant computing platform for Unix-based applications. Unlike some other fault tolerant computing systems, no additional coding at the user-level is required to take advantage of the fault-tolerant capabilities inherent in the platform. The hardware is an RISC-based triple-modular-redundant processing core, with duplexed global memory and I/O subsystems. The goals for this machine, the system architecture, its implementation and resulting performance, and the hardware and software techniques incorporated to achieve fault tolerance are discussed. Fault tolerance has been accomplished without compromising the programmatic interface, operating system or system performance. >
Dynamic variations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), ATM, and SLFN11 govern response to PARP inhibitors and cisplatin in small cell lung cancer (2017)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, with a 5-year survival <7%. A major barrier to progress is the absence of predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy and novel targeted agents such as PARP inhibitors. Using a high-throughput, integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic analysis of SCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and profiled cell lines, we identified biomarkers of drug sensitivity and determined their prevalence in patient tumors. In contrast to breast and ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitor response was not associated with mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes (e.g., BRCA1/2) or HRD scores. Instead, we found several proteomic markers that predicted PDX response, including high levels of SLFN11 and E-cadherin and low ATM. SLFN11 and E-cadherin were also significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity to cisplatin and topoisomerase1/2 inhibitors (all commonly used in SCLC). Treatment with cisplatin or PARP inhibitors downregulated SLFN11 and E-cadherin, possibly explaining the rapid development of therapeutic resistance in SCLC. Supporting their functional role, silencing SLFN11 reduced in vitro sensitivity and drug-induced DNA damage; whereas ATM knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition enhanced sensitivity. Notably, SCLC with mesenchymal phenotypes (i.e., loss of E-cadherin and high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature scores) displayed striking alterations in expression of miR200 family and key SCLC genes (e.g., NEUROD1, ASCL1, ALDH1A1, MYCL1). Thus, SLFN11, EMT, and ATM mediate therapeutic response in SCLC and warrant further clinical investigation as predictive biomarkers.
Functional Inhibitory Cross-talk between Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Hepatic Nuclear Factor-4 in Hepatic Lipid/Glucose Metabolism Is Mediated by Competition for Binding to the DR1 Motif and to the Common Coactivators, GRIP-1 and PGC-1α (2006)

The role of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in xenobiotic metabolism by inducing expression of cytochromes P450 is well known, but CAR has also been implicated in the down-regulation of key genes involved in bile acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid beta-oxidation by largely unknown mechanisms. Because a key hepatic factor, hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4), is crucial for the expression of many of these genes, we examined whether CAR could suppress HNF-4 transactivation. Expression of CAR inhibited HNF-4 transactivation of CYP7A1, a key gene in bile acid synthesis, in HepG2 cells, and mutation of the DNA binding domain of CAR impaired this inhibition. Gel shift assays revealed that CAR competes with HNF-4 for binding to the DR1 motif in the CYP7A1 promoter. TCPOBOP, a CAR agonist that increases the interaction of CAR with coactivators, potentiated CAR inhibition of HNF-4 transactivation. Furthermore, inhibition by CAR was reversed by expression of increasing amounts of GRIP-1 or PGC-1alpha, indicating that CAR competes with HNF-4 for these coactivators. Treatment of mice with phenobarbital or TCPOBOP resulted in decreased hepatic mRNA levels of the reported genes down-regulated by CAR, including Cyp7a1 and Pepck. In vivo recruitment of endogenous CAR to the promoters of Cyp7a1 and Pepck was detected in mouse liver after phenobarbital treatment, whereas association of HNF-4 and coactivators, GRIP-1, p300, and PGC-1alpha, with these promoters was significantly decreased. Our data suggest that CAR inhibits HNF-4 activity by competing with HNF-4 for binding to the DR1 motif and to the common coactivators, GRIP-1 and PGC-1alpha, which may be a general mechanism by which CAR down-regulates key genes in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism.
Nano-optical CVD and nanophotolithography using an optical near-field nonresonant to electronic transition (2004)

In near-field optical chemical vapor deposition (NFO-CVD), photo dissociation can take place under nonresonant conditions, i.e., with visible light, due to the inherent properties of the optical near field. We succeeded the deposition of the nanometric Zn dots 70 nm wide and 24 nm high by NFO-CVD using the metal-organic gas Zn(acac)/sub 2/, which is not usually used for conventional optical CVD due to its low optical activity. This technique makes it possible to use various light and gas sources to deposit a variety of nanometric materials. This peculiar photochemical reaction of an optical near field is not limited to optical CVD, but can be applied to general photochemical reactions. We demonstrate near-field photolithography using a 532 nm laser. The pattern fabricated on photoresist was 150 nm wide and 25 nm deep.
An Air‐Stable Na<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> Superionic Conductor Prepared by a Rapid and Economic Synthetic Procedure (2016)

Abstract All‐solid‐state sodium batteries, using solid electrolyte and abundant sodium resources, show great promise for safe, low‐cost, and large‐scale energy storage applications. The exploration of novel solid electrolytes is critical for the room temperature operation of all‐solid‐state Na batteries. An ideal solid electrolyte must have high ionic conductivity, hold outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability, and employ low‐cost synthetic methods. Achieving the combination of these properties is a grand challenge for the synthesis of sulfide‐based solid electrolytes. Design of the solid electrolyte Na 3 SbS 4 is described, realizing excellent air stability and an economic synthesis based on hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory. This new solid electrolyte also exhibits a remarkably high ionic conductivity of 1 mS cm −1 at 25 °C and ideal compatibility with a metallic sodium anode.
Genetic heterogeneity of oncogenic human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV5) and phylogeny of HPV5 variants associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (1993)

Variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV5), specifically associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, were recognized on the basis of the genetic heterogeneity of the E6 open reading frame (ORF). To further evaluate the genetic heterogeneity of HPV5, we sequenced the long control region (LCR), the E7 ORF, and the terminal parts of the E2 ORF of five previously characterized HPV5 variants and compared the data with the published HPV5a1 and HPV5b sequences. Alignment of the variants showed 140 (7.6%) variable nucleotides of 1,854 sequenced. Nucleotide substitution rates varied from 3.6% in the E7 ORF to 11% in the E6 ORF. By sequencing the variable region encompassing the LCR 3' part and the E6 ORF of isolates from six additional epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients, we identified three new variants and three already known variants, indicating the stability of HPV5 variants. This stability was further demonstrated by the identity of isolates obtained years later from benign and malignant lesions of three patients. Phylogenetic analysis of the 10 HPV5 variants distributed them into three groups, tentatively defining subtypes a, b, and c. The phylogenetic grouping shows no geographical dependence, a fact that may be related to the host restriction that characterizes HPV5 infections. No differences in the enhancer potential of the LCR or in the transactivating properties of the E2 protein assayed in vitro were observed among HPV5 variants. Whether HPV5 variants possess distinct biological properties in vivo remains to be determined.
Optimization of phase sensitive detectors using fast Fourier transform (1991)

The rapid development of data acquisition and processing products provides an opportunity for the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) in a digital phase sensitive detector (PSD), where the measurement quality is largely dependent on the signal sampling. The error analysis on this scheme is related to the general error analysis of FFT, but there exist some essential differences between the two. The authors study the optimization of, and present several rules for, the signal sampling in a PSD, using FFT. The results are useful in reducing the influence of stationary and periodic interferences.
Crystal Structure of the Neuropilin-1 MAM Domain: Completing the Neuropilin-1 Ectodomain Picture (2016)

Neuropilins (NRPs) are single-pass transmembrane receptors involved in several signaling pathways that regulate key physiological processes such as vascular morphogenesis and axon guidance. The MAM domain of NRP, which has previously been implicated in receptor multimerization, was the only portion of the ectopic domain of the NRPs for which the structure, until now, has been elusive. Using site-directed mutagenesis in the linker region preceding the MAM domain we generated a protein construct amenable to crystallization. Here we present the crystal structure of the MAM domain of human NRP1 at 2.24 Å resolution. The protein exhibits a jellyroll topology, with Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions bound at the inter-strand space enhancing the thermostability of the domain. We show that the MAM domain of NRP1 is monomeric in solution and insufficient to drive receptor dimerization, which leads us to propose a different role for this domain in the context of NRP membrane assembly and signaling.
Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine Protein Kinase Phosphorylates Oleosin, a Regulator of Lipid Metabolic Functions  (2012)

Plant oils are stored in oleosomes or oil bodies, which are surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with oleosin proteins that stabilize the structure. Recently, a structural protein, Oleosin3 (OLE3), was shown to exhibit both monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and phospholipase A(2) activities. The regulation of these distinct dual activities in a single protein is unclear. Here, we report that a serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase phosphorylates oleosin. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis, we demonstrate that this kinase interacts with OLE3 and that the fluorescence was associated with chloroplasts. Oleosin-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was exclusively associated with the chloroplasts. Phosphorylated OLE3 exhibited reduced monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and increased phospholipase A(2) activities. Moreover, phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol activated oleosin phosphorylation, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine, oleic acid, and Ca(2+) inhibited phosphorylation. In addition, recombinant peanut (Arachis hypogaea) kinase was determined to predominantly phosphorylate serine residues, specifically serine-18 in OLE3. Phosphorylation levels of OLE3 during seed germination were determined to be higher than in developing peanut seeds. These findings provide direct evidence for the in vivo substrate selectivity of the dual-specificity kinase and demonstrate that the bifunctional activities of oleosin are regulated by phosphorylation.
The First Industrial Revolutions (1993)

The industrial revolution - concept or reality, P.Mathias the new economic history, N.F.R.Crafts industrialization in Britain and Europe before 1850: new perspective and old problems, J.A.Davis financing the industrial revolution, P.Mathias transport the survival of the old besides the new, T.C.Barker agricultural and industrialization, P.Mathias population and economic change in the 18th and 19th centuries, R.Woods the transformation of work in European industrialization.
Infrared spectra of acetonitrile sorbed on porous glass (1970)

Infrared spectra were recorded of acetonitrile sorbed on highly degassed porous glass as well as on silica and B-, Al-, and Zr-impregnated porous glass and silica. Most of the acetonitrile was weakly and reversibly adsorbed, becoming hydrogen-bonded to surface hydroxyls. A small amount of the adsorbate formed weakly bound surface complexes with Al- and Zr-, but not with B-impurities.
Violacein: properties and biological activities (2007)

The violet pigment violacein is an indole derivative, isolated mainly from bacteria of the genus Chromobacterium, which exhibits important antitumoral, antimicrobial and antiparasitary properties. Furthermore, the formulation of violacein in different polymeric carriers developed so far offers alternative approaches to overcoming physiological barriers and undesirable physicochemical properties in vivo, thus improving its efficacy.
The Removal of Trace Contaminants from Recycle Nitric Acid (1981)

Extensive recycle of nitric acid and water in a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant can result in the buildup of deleterious trace impurities; identified materials of serious concern include fluoride, chloride, and organic materials. Methods for removal of these deleterious materials must be developed to allow increased aqueous recycle. Fluoride at 10 to 100 μg/ml can be removed from 10 M HNO3 using a silica gel column. Chloride can be removed from 10 M HNO3 by sparging with ozonized air, a method that is rapid even at room temperature. Carbonaceous material can be removed by pressurized aqueous combustion and by ozonation and the latter can be greatly accelerated by the presence of Ag+ ions.
Loss of Ammonia during Electron-Transfer Dissociation of Deuterated Peptides as an Inherent Gauge of Gas-Phase Hydrogen Scrambling (2010)

The application of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) to obtain single-residue resolution in hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry (HX-MS) experiments has recently been demonstrated. For such measurements, it is critical to ensure that the level of gas-phase hydrogen scrambling is negligible. Here we utilize the abundant loss of ammonia upon ETD of peptide ions as a universal reporter of positional randomization of the exchangeable hydrogens (hydrogen scrambling) during HX-ETD experiments. We show that the loss of ammonia from peptide ions proceeds without depletion of deuterium when employing optimized mild electrospray ion source settings for the HX-ETD analysis of a selectively labeled model peptide and peptides derived from fully labeled β(2)-microglobulin. Hydrogen scrambling, as induced by excessive vibrational excitation of peptide ions during harsh declustering conditions, is easily detected by a depletion of deuterium when deuterated ammonia is lost from peptides during ETD. This straightforward method requires no modifications to the experimental workflow and has the great advantage that the occurrence of hydrogen scrambling can be directly detected in the actual peptides analyzed in the HX-ETD experiment.
Phenotypic Characterization, DNA Similarities, and Protein Profiles of Twenty Sulfur-Metabolizing Hyperthermophilic Anaerobic Archaea Isolated from Hydrothermal Vents in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean (1995)

We performed phenotypic and physiological studies with 20 hyperthermophilic microorganisms isolated from hydrothermal vents located in the North Fiji Basin (southwestern Pacific Ocean) at a depth of 2,000 m. These isolates were strict anaerobes that were regular to irregular coccoids and used elemental sulfur in their metabolism. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 50 to 101°C. The DNA base compositions varied from 43 to 60 mol%. All of these organisms were heterotrophs and fermented peptides to acetate, isovalerate, isobutyrate, and propionate. They contained both diether and tetraether lipids in their membranes, which indicates that they belong to the domain Archaea. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed that there were two distinct homology groups, which correlated well with results obtained from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble whole-cell proteins, and these groups corresponded to the genera Pyrococcus and Thermococcus. Five isolates exhibited levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with Pyrococcus abyssi ranging from 71 to 100% and produced almost identical protein patterns. The remaining isolates formed a weakly homogeneous group based on DNA-DNA similarity data and protein patterns; the results of unweighted pair group cluster analyses suggested that these isolates were members of five new species of the genus Thermococcus.
High‐Temperature Resistance in Alkali‐Activated Cement (2010)

This paper discusses the results of tests conducted to ascertain at high temperatures the mechanical behavior of cements whose most prominent characteristic is the absence or near absence of Portland cement in their composition. More specifically, it reports on the study of three binders: (a) Portland cement (control); (b) 100% sodium silicate‐activated fly ash; and (c) a blend of 70% ash+30% clinker activated with solid‐state activators (solid sodium silicate+Na 2 CO 3 ). Two types of tests were conducted: (i) tests to determine the mechanical strength and fracture toughness of the three materials between 25° and 600°C and (ii) postthermal treatment tests to evaluate the residual strength after 1 h of exposure to temperatures ranging from 200° to 1000°C. XRD and SEM techniques were also deployed to track the mineralogical and microstructural variations in the materials as a result of such an exposure. The findings showed that a pseudo‐viscous phase is generated in alkaline cements at around 600°C that would explain the decline in strength observed when specimens were loaded at increasing temperatures. This phase and its subsequent recrystallization into new phases (nepheline, albite, and gehlenite) were also responsible for the high‐residual mechanical strength values observed in these materials after exposure to high temperatures and subsequent cooling but absent in OPC.
Topics over Time: A NonMarkov ContinuousTime Model of Topical Trends (2006)

This paper presents an LDA-style topic model that captures not only the low-dimensional structure of data, but also how the structure changes over time. Unlike other recent work that relies on Markov assumptions or discretization of time, here each topic is associated with a continuous distribution over timestamps, and for each generated document, the mixture distribution over topics is influenced by both word co-occurrences and the document's timestamp. Thus, the meaning of a particular topic can be relied upon as constant, but the topics' occurrence and correlations change significantly over time. We present results on nine months of personal email, 17 years of NIPS research papers and over 200 years of presidential state-of-the-union addresses, showing improved topics, better timestamp prediction, and interpretable trends.