gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent Extraction Separations of Zirconium and Niobium (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Extraction Separations of Zirconium and NiobiumE. M. Scadden and N. E. BallouCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 11, 1602–1604Publication Date (Print):November 17, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60083a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60083a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on Realization of Multicast Protocols on Layer 2 Switch (2003)

In this paper, several multicast protocols (IGMP Snooping and GMRP) on layer 2 switch are discussed. Through analysis and comparation, the paper presents the current methods and directions of realization multicast on Ethernet switch , and puts forward some new idea for more consummation for technology of multicast on switch.
Ultra low-cost defect protection for microprocessor pipelines (2006)

The sustained push toward smaller and smaller technology sizes has reached a point where device reliability has moved to the forefront of concerns for next-generation designs. Silicon failure mechanisms, such as transistor wearout and manufacturing defects, are a growing challenge that threatens the yield and product lifetime of future systems. In this paper we introduce the BulletProof pipeline, the first ultra low-cost mechanism to protect a microprocessor pipeline and on-chip memory system from silicon defects. To achieve this goal we combine area-frugal on-line testing techniques and system-level checkpointing to provide the same guarantees of reliability found in traditional solutions, but at much lower cost. Our approach utilizes a microarchitectural checkpointing mechanism which creates coarse-grained epochs of execution, during which distributed on-line built in self-test (BIST) mechanisms validate the integrity of the underlying hardware. In case a failure is detected, we rely on the natural redundancy of instructionlevel parallel processors to repair the system so that it can still operate in a degraded performance mode. Using detailed circuit-level and architectural simulation, we find that our approach provides very high coverage of silicon defects (89%) with little area cost (5.8%). In addition, when a defect occurs, the subsequent degraded mode of operation was found to have only moderate performance impacts, (from 4% to 18% slowdown).
Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water (1999)

Cyanobacteria and their toxins are an increasing global public health menace. Most recently, problems have been experienced in Australia, the United States and, due to drought and increasing water scarcity, pose a severe threat in the U.K. With an international range of contributors, all leading experts in their fields, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water examines the increasing need to protect drinking water and water resources from the hazards of Cyanobacteria and their impact on health. Written and edited by a World Health Organization working group, Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water is an operational handbook in a practical, assessible style.Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water will be invaluable to environmental health officers, professionals in the fields of water supply, public health, fresh water ecology and education, national and international organizations, special interest groups, post-graduate students and utilities responsible for managing drinking water supplies.
Genomic instability and tolerance to alkylating agents. (1996)

Experimental models clearly indicate that the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic methylating agents are mediated by incomplete processing of one of the common DNA methylation products, O6-meGua. These attempts at processing persistent O6-meGua are by DNA mismatch repair, and resistance to methylating agents frequently arises through loss of this pathway. It is to be expected that mismatch repair defects will be found among cells that have developed clinical resistance to agents such as temozolomide and the methyltriazines. The selective sensitivity of mismatch repair defective cells to chloroethylating agents may have a direct applicability to clinical practice and offers real promise of effective chemotherapy for the substantial number of human tumours that show microsatellite instability. As for the mechanisms of human mismatch repair, the complexity of the early steps of the pathway(s) is underlined by the likely participation of multiple heterodimers in the mismatch recognition steps. just as different types of mismatch may be processed by distinct branches of the same pathway, the same may be true for different types of DNA damage.
ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF PINGYANGMYCIN CONJUGATED WITH Fab′ FRAGMENT OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (2000)

AIM To develop an immunoconjugate with targeting antitumor effects by linking the Fab′ fragment of McAb to pingyangmycin (PYM). METHODS McAb 3A5 was digested with pepsin to obtain Fab′ fragment. Linking between Fab′ and PYM was mediated by dextran T 40. Immunoreactivity of Fab′ was determined by ELISA. Bacteria inhibitory activity of the conjugate was determined by TTC assay. Cytotoxicity to carcinoma cells was determined by MTT assay and antitumor effects in vivo were assessed in BALB/c mice transplanted with colon carcinoma 26(C26). RESULTS The Fab′ PYM conjugate retained immunoreactivity with C26 cells, the target cells. The IC 50 values of Fab′ PYM and PYM to C26 cells were 2 51 μg·mL -1 and 32 46 μg·mL -1 , respectively. Fab′ PYM and PYM displayed similar cytotoxicity to KB cells,the non target cells. By intraperitoneal dose of 5 mg·kg -1 ×6, Fab′ PYM and PYM suppressed the growth of colon carcinoma 26 by 77% and 56%, respectively. By intravenous dose of 5 mg·kg -1 ×7, Fab′ PYM, 3A5 PYM and PYM inhibited the growth of colon carcinoma 26 by 89%, 73% and 70%, respectively. Fab′ PYM was found to be more effective against target tumor than 3A5 PYM and PYM ( P 0 01). With higher tolerable dose of 10 mg·kg -1 ×7 , iv, the inhibition of tumor growth by Fab′ PYM reached 91%. CONCLUSION Fab′ PYM conjugate characterized by smaller size of the molecule displayed higher antitumor effects than 3A5 PYM and free PYM.
An optimized method for estimating the tidal volume from intracardiac or body surface electrocardiographic signals: implications for estimating minute ventilation (2014)

The ability to accurately monitor tidal volume (TV) from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals holds significant promise for improving diagnosis treatment across a variety of clinical settings. The objective of this study was to develop a novel method for estimating the TV from ECG signals. In 10 mechanically ventilated swine, we collected intracardiac electrograms from catheters in the coronary sinus (CS), left ventricle (LV), and right ventricle (RV), as well as body surface electrograms, while TV was varied between 0 and 750 ml at respiratory rates of 7-14 breaths/min. We devised an algorithm to determine the optimized respirophasic modulation of the amplitude of the ECG-derived respiratory signal. Instantaneous measurement of respiratory modulation showed an absolute error of 72.55, 147.46, 85.68, 116.62, and 50.89 ml for body surface, CS, LV, RV, and RV-CS leads, respectively. Minute TV estimation demonstrated a more accurate estimation with an absolute error of 69.56, 153.39, 79.33, 122.16, and 48.41 ml for body surface, CS, LV, RV, and RV-CS leads, respectively. The RV-CS and body surface leads provided the most accurate estimations that were within 7 and 10% of the true TV, respectively. Finally, the absolute error of the bipolar RV-CS lead was significantly lower than any other lead configuration (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that ECG-derived respiratory modulation provides an accurate estimation of the TV using intracardiac or body surface signals, without the need for additional hardware.
Osteoinductive biomaterials for medical implantation. (1991)

The search for the ideal implant material continues since presently available implants all have significant drawbacks. This paper reviews three studies that we recently completed with bone-inducing implants. Long-term clinical follow-up of 75 allogeneic demineralized bone implants showed an average degree of resorption of 49%. Implants used for dorsal nasal augmentation showed an average degree of resorption of 50.7%, increasing to 82.5% after a 24-month follow-up. The efficacy of demineralized bone implants is dependent on many factors including site of implantation, method of preparation, etc. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a regulator of bone formation. We combined recombinant TGF-beta 1 with demineralized bone powder in a rabbit facial augmentation model. At 6 weeks, there was evidence of increased bone formation in the implants containing TGF-beta 1. Even though TGF-beta 1 can increase bone formation in demineralized bone implants, the overall bone-inducing activity in these implants seems to be suboptimal. Osteoinductive factor extract (OFE) is a partially purified bone factor preparation that has been shown to form bone when implanted into rats. Using a collagen/ceramic carrier, we implanted OFE into a rabbit facial augmentation model. At 21 d, histomorphometry revealed numerous osteoblasts and bone formation in the OFE implants. The bone-inducing activity of many partially purified osteoinductive preparations such as OFE is probably due to Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2A (BMP-2A), which has been shown to induce bone formation in its recombinant form. Recombinant DNA methodology provides the technology necessary to produce these molecules in their homogeneous form, permitting evaluation of bone-inducing activity in a preparation free of contaminants. Finally, the ideal carrier must be devised to permit safe and effective delivery of recombinant bone-inducing factors.
A Framework for Thermal Spray Shape Deposition: The MD* System (2018)

This paper present.s t.he framework for a solid-freeform-fabrication syst.em based on thermal spray\nshape deposition t.o build mult.i-mat.erial st.ruct.ures by incremen tal build-up of t.hin cross-sect.ional layers.\nThe basis of theMD* System (recursively, Mask and Deposit.) is to spray each layer using disposable\nmasks to shape each layer. A thermal spray approach has the potential to build dense parts with\ndesirable mechanical properties. Metal. ceramic, plastic, laminate, and composite structures can be\ndeposited. Since l11asking enables selective deposition wit.hin a layer, complet.e assemblies composed of\ndifferent mat.erials can be creat.ed in a single process. For example, int.egrated electronic/mechanical\nstructures are feasible.
Calculation Method of Adsorption and Desorption Performance of Butane Gas in Carbon Canister (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents how Computational Fluid Dynamics tool can be used for the numerical evaluation of n-butane adsorption and desorption performance in carbon canister.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Formula of material balance within activated carbon particles and formula of material/heat balance within activated carbon packed beds for n-butane as a single component were used in the simulation. These formulas were derived after experiments proved that water vapor in the air do not inhibit the adsorption of n-butane.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The experiments and the formulas are described and the significance of the simulation is investigated.</div>
Comparison and Beyond (2003)

The merits of the comparative approach to history are undeniable. Comparison helps to identify questions, and to clarify profiles of single cases. It is indispensable for causal explanations and their criticism. Comparison helps to make the “climate” of historical research less provincial. Still, comparative historians remain in a minority. Many cherished principles of the historical discipline — proximity to the sources, context, and continuity — are sometimes in tension with the comparative approach. More recently, new transnational approaches — entangled histories, histoire croisée –challenge comparative historians in a new and interesting way. But histoire comparée and histoire croisée can be compatible and need each other.
p53 apoptotic pathway molecules are frequently and simultaneously altered in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (2004)

Overall, two or more p53 pathway components were found to be frequently altered in patients with NSCLC. Greater than 90% of the alterations were due to abnormalities of p53, p14(ARF), or HDM2. Therefore, the inactivation of one or more components of the p53 pathway appears to be a prerequisite for the development of most NSCLCs.
The Safety and Feasibility of Image-Guided BrainPath-Mediated Transsulcul Hematoma Evacuation: A Multicenter Study (2016)

The approach was safely performed in all patients with a relatively high rate of clot evacuation and functional independence.
Cholinomimetic and anticholinergic drugs used to investigate an acetylcholine hypothesis of affective disorders and stress (1984)

Abstract The cholinomimetic agents, physostigmine, neostigmine, and arecoline, and the anticholinergic agents, atropine, scopolamine, and methscopolamine, have been used to explore an acetylcholine hypothesis of affect disorders and stress. Cholinomimetic drugs cause many of the same effects as do naturally occurring stressors. These include increases in negative affect, the induction of affective disorders, increases in stress neuroendocrines including ACThH, cortisol, beta‐endorphin, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and noprepinephrine, increases in blood pressure and pulse rate, and increases in analgesia. These parallel effects, combined with the effect of stress on central acetylcholine activity, suggest a stress‐acetylcholine linkage.
Honduras (1981)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJack AndersonJack Anderson, The Washington Post March 23, 1980.
Packet Sniffing In a Switched Environment (2007)

This paper focuses on the threat of packet sniffing in a switched environment, and briefly explores the effect in a non-switched environment. Detail is given on a number of techniques, such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) spoofing, which can allow an attacker to eavesdrop on network traffic in a switched environment. Third party tools exist that permit sniffing on a switched network. The result of running some of these tools on an isolated, switched network is presented, and clearly demonstrates that the threat they pose is real and significant.
N4WBP5, a Potential Target for Ubiquitination by the Nedd4 Family of Proteins, Is a Novel Golgi-associated Protein (2002)

Nedd4 belongs to a family of ubiquitin-protein ligases that is characterized by 2--4 WW domains, a carboxyl-terminal Hect (homologous to E6-AP Carboxyl terminus)domain and in most cases an amino-terminal C2 domain. We had previously identified a series of proteins that associates with the WW domains of Nedd4. In this paper, we demonstrate that one of the Nedd4-binding proteins, N4WBP5, belongs to a small group of evolutionarily conserved proteins with three transmembrane domains. N4WBP5 binds Nedd4 WW domains via the two PPXY motifs present in the amino terminus of the protein. In addition to Nedd4, N4WBP5 can interact with the WW domains of a number of Nedd4 family members and is ubiquitinated. Endogenous N4WBP5 localizes to the Golgi complex. Ectopic expression of the protein disrupts the structure of the Golgi, suggesting that N4WBP5 forms part of a family of integral Golgi membrane proteins. Based on previous observations in yeast, we propose that N4WBP5 may act as an adaptor for Nedd4-like proteins and their putative targets to control ubiquitin-dependent protein sorting and trafficking.
Stroke in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Anemia Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa (2011)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00093015.
Cellular Effects of Olomoucine in Human Lymphoma Cells Differing in p53 Function (1999)

Olomoucine, a purine derivative, inhibits multiple cyclin-dependent kinases that play important roles in regulating the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle. In this study we investigated the cellular effects of olomoucine in two human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, WMN (containing wild-type p53) and CA46 (containing mutant p53), and found that in consistency with its ability to block the activity of cyclin E/Cdk2 and cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinases, olomoucine caused cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/S boundaries. Moreover, cell cycle arrest occurred equally well in these two cell lines bearing different p53 gene status, suggesting that p53 was not responsible for the cell cycle arrest by olomoucine. A similar p53-independent fashion was also observed in the cytotoxic potency and apoptosis induction of olomoucine, in contrast to ionizing radiation which caused more cytotoxic activity and apoptosis in the WMN cell line bearing wild-type p53 compared with CA46 cells bearing mutant p53. Such p53-independent cytotoxicity of olomoucine was also confirmed in other human Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoid cell lines containing wild-type and mutant p53. Therefore, our results give an impetus to continued research into olomoucine that might be a very useful chemotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with mutant p53 tumors, at least in lymphoma patients.
Patient preferences for chemoradiation-related side effects (2009)

e20604 Background: Patients (pts) undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) face intense treatment (tx) schedules and adverse tx- related side-effects (SEs). We conducted this study to determine whether pts’ preferences (PREFs) for CRT-related SEs changed over tx duration. Methods: We used the visual analog scale (VAS) and modified time trade-off (TTO) to assess PREFs of newly diagnosed pts with gynecologic (GYN) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers scheduled to receive CRT. Pts evaluated 16 SE health state scenarios during interviews conducted at 3 points in time: T1=prior to starting CRT; T2=2–3 weeks after starting CRT; and T3=4–6 weeks after completing CRT. Using the VAS, pts ranked SEs on a scale of 0=worst to 100=best. The TTO asked pts whether they would accept a hypothetical tx for a specified time with the SE in question or a tx for a shorter length of time that involved a worse SE profile. PREF scores were converted to 0.0=least preferred to 1.0=most preferred. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze data. P- values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: PREFs were collected from 93 pts (GYN=43; GI=50). 46/93 pts were female (3 women were GI pts). Median age was 53.7 yrs. Pts received a median of 5 chemo cycles (31/50 GI and all GYN pts received platinum) and 5.4 wks of external beam radiation. Median time between T1-T2 was 2.6 wks and T2-T3 was 9.1 wks. TTO PREFs were stable over time regardless of disease group or tx regimen. VAS scores for 7 SEs worsened significantly after initiation of CRT and remained low despite completion of CRT ( table ). Pts gave low baseline PREF scores for diarrhea, fatigue, and loss of appetite; these did not change significantly over time. Conclusions: Pts receiving CRT were willing to accept tx of longer duration with less severe SEs instead of shorter tx with more severe SEs. Relative to other SEs, pts rated GI-associated SEs lower after initiation of CRT. Ratings remained low 4–6 weeks after tx completion. Further studies are needed to determine whether pts’ experiences with and perceptions of SEs influence tx compliance. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Improved Total Synthesis of Tubulysins and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Tubulysins with Highly Potent Cytotoxicities against Cancer Cells as Potential Payloads for Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2018)

Improved, streamlined total syntheses of natural tubulysins such as V (Tb45) and U (Tb46) and pretubulysin D (PTb-D43), and their application to the synthesis of designed tubulysin analogues (Tb44, PTb-D42, PTb-D47-PTb-D49, and Tb50-Tb120), are described. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against certain cancer cell lines revealed a number of novel analogues with exceptional potencies [e.g., Tb111: IC<sub>50</sub> = 40 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line; IC<sub>50</sub> = 6 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney cancer) cell line; and IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.54 nM against MES SA DX (MES SA with marked multidrug resistance) cell line]. These studies led to a set of valuable structure-activity relationships that provide guidance to further molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies. The extremely potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in these investigations are highly desirable as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
Transmission delay and echo suppression (1970)

We are all aware that radio communication is not instantaneous. With the coming of satellite communication we have fallen prey to some of the consequences of telephony with long propagation time. So it is that when one person speaks to another via satellite link, he must wait perhaps 600 ms for a rejoinder. Such a delay, of itself, may not be too disconcerting, but in combination with echo it can contribute to poorer quality transmission. This is an account of how echo is produced, how it can affect a telephone conversation, and what steps are being taken to overcome the problems.
The Nonstochastic Multiarmed Bandit Problem (2002)

In the multiarmed bandit problem, a gambler must decide which arm of K nonidentical slot machines to play in a sequence of trials so as to maximize his reward. This classical problem has received much attention because of the simple model it provides of the trade-off between exploration (trying out each arm to find the best one) and exploitation (playing the arm believed to give the best payoff). Past solutions for the bandit problem have almost always relied on assumptions about the statistics of the slot machines. In this work, we make no statistical assumptions whatsoever about the nature of the process generating the payoffs of the slot machines. We give a solution to the bandit problem in which an adversary, rather than a well-behaved stochastic process, has complete control over the payoffs. In a sequence of T plays, we prove that the per-round payoff of our algorithm approaches that of the best arm at the rate O(T-1/2 ). We show by a matching lower bound that this is the best possible. We also prove that our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of any set of strategies at a similar rate: if the best strategy is chosen from a pool of N strategies, then our algorithm approaches the per-round payoff of the strategy at the rate O((log N1/2T-1/2 ). Finally, we apply our results to the problem of playing an unknown repeated matrix game. We show that our algorithm approaches the minimax payoff of the unknown game at the rate O(T-1/2 ).