gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Endosome-Destabilizing Peptides on Efficacy of Anti-HIV Immunotoxins (1997)

The effects on immunotoxin efficacy of fusogenic peptides derived from influenza virus hemagglutinin have been studied. These peptides have an amphipathic nature and change conformation from random at pH 7 to helical at pH 5. Fusogenic peptides are reported to destabilize endosomal membranes, resulting in the release of contents into the cytoplasm. The use of two related fusogenic peptides to enhance the efficacy of anti-HIV immunotoxins is described. The direct toxicity of the peptides was tested on HIV-infected H9/NL4-3 cells. Peptide HA24 was considerably more toxic than HA23. The peptides were mixed with two different immunotoxins. Immunotoxin action was enhanced by both peptides, with HA24 providing greater enhancement than HA23. Immunotoxins were then constructed by coupling HA23 or HA24 to the targeting antibody with disulfide-containing linkers. Peptide HA23 enhanced the activity of the immunotoxin 4-5-fold. Surprisingly, HA24 significantly inhibited immunotoxin activity. Coupling the peptides to the immunotoxin had no effect on antigen binding characteristics or the activity of the toxic moiety. Bafilomycin A1, an agent that inhibits vacuolar acidification, markedly potentiated the effects of all immunotoxins. These results demonstrate that amphipathic peptides can influence the efficacy of immunotoxins, but in sometimes unpredictable ways.
Ingredients and safety of cellulite creams. (2000)

There is virtually no knowledge of the ingredients of cellulite creams in the dermatological literature. In the present study, the ingredients of cellulite creams, the frequency of their use and whether the ingredients have been reported to cause allergy were investigated. In the 32 products tested, 263 ingredients were used. On average each product contained 22 ingredients (range 4 to 31). Botanicals and emollients predominated; altogether 44 different botanicals and 39 different emollients were used in the 32 products. Caffeine, present in 14 products was the most common additive, apparently representing an "active" ingredient. In other respects the compositions of the products were similar to those of skin creams. All products contained fragrance. The creams were microbiologically pure. Concentrations of preservatives did not exceed limit values in the regulations. No formaldehyde was present (detection limit 10 ppm). The well-known allergens isothiazolinones or dibromoglutaronitril were declared only in a few products. In spite of the large number of substances used in cellulite creams, their safety seems acceptable for most users. Because, however, one fourth of the substances used have been shown to cause allergy, the risk of adverse effects should be taken into account when using cellulite creams.
Efficacy of an Automated Multiple Emitter Whole-Room Ultraviolet-C Disinfection System Against Coronaviruses MHV and MERS-CoV (2016)

Efficient and automated methods of disinfecting surfaces contaminated with the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) may prevent the spread of the virus. Here we report the efficacy and use of an automated triple-emitter whole room UV-C disinfection system to inactivate mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59) and MERS-CoV viruses on surfaces with a >5 log10 reduction.
Micro electro-discharge machining and its applications (2002)

A micro electro-discharge machining (MEDM) technology is presented. It allows machining of micro holes and shafts as small as 5 mu m in diameter with a best surface roughness of 0.1 mu m R/sub max/ and of roundness of 0.5 mu m, as well as a variety of complex shapes of equivalent accuracy. In the MEDM, machining for silicon with 10-100 Omega -cm resistivity is possible; machining up to a depth of 10 times the electrode diameter is easy, and the electrode wear is small. A prototype microair turbine of 2.2 mm external diameter, which is able to rotate at a speed of approximately 1000 r.p.m., is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer users verification using the perceptron algorithm (1993)

The perceptron algorithm was used to verify the identity of computer users. By performing the real-time measurement of the time durations between the keystrokes entered in the user's password, data was collected over a period of eight weeks from 10 valid users and 14 invalid users. The password used was the user's name. Decision functions were derived using part of the data (training data) to compute the weight vectors. The decision functions were then applied to the remaining data (testing data) to verify the users. An error of 9% in rejecting valid users, and an error of 8% in accepting invalid users were achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Signal That Directs C-Tail–anchored Proteins to Mammalian Mitochondrial Outer Membrane (2002)

We analyzed the signal that directs the outer membrane protein with the C-terminal transmembrane segment (TMS) to mammalian mitochondria by using yeast Tom5 as a model and green fluorescent protein as a reporter. Deletions or mutations were systematically introduced into the TMS or the flanking regions and their intracellular localization in COS-7 cells was examined using confocal microscopy and cell fractionation. 1) Three basic amino acid residues within the C-terminal five-residue segment (C-segment) contained the information required for mitochondrial-targeting. Reduction of the net positive charge in this segment decreased mitochondrial specificity, and the mutants were distributed throughout the intracellular membranes. 2) Elongation of the TMS interfered with the function of the C-segment and the mutants were delivered to the intracellular membranes. 3) Separation of the TMS and C-segment by linker insertion severely impaired mitochondrial targeting function, leading to mislocalization to the cytoplasm. 4) Mutations or small deletions in the region of the TMS flanking the C-segment also impaired the mitochondrial targeting. Therefore, the moderate length of the TMS, the positive charges in the C-segment, and the distance between or context of the TMS and C-segment are critical for the targeting signal. The structural characteristics of the signal thus defined were also confirmed with mammalian C-tail-anchored protein OMP25.
Image description with a goal: Building efficient discriminating expressions for images (2012)

Many works in computer vision attempt to solve different tasks such as object detection, scene recognition or attribute detection, either separately or as a joint problem. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in combining the results from these different tasks in order to provide a textual description of the scene. However, when describing a scene, there are many items that can be mentioned. If we include all the objects, relationships, and attributes that exist in the image, the description would be extremely long and not convey a true understanding of the image. We present a novel approach to ranking the importance of the items to be described. Specifically, we focus on the task of discriminating one image from a group of others. We investigate the factors that contribute to the most efficient description that achieves this task. We also provide a quantitative method to measure the description quality for this specific task using data from human subjects and show that our method achieves better results than baseline methods.
2-Mercapto-N-(azolyl) benzenesulphonamides III. Synthesis of some new 2-mercapto-N-(5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) benzenesulphonamide derivatives with potential anti-HIV or anticancer activity. (1998)

A series of 2-mercapto-4-R1-5-R2-N-[1-R4-5-(R3-amino)-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl] benzenesulphonamides [IIa-IIg, IIIa-IIId] was obtained by the reaction of N-(1,1-dioxo-6-R1-7-R2- 1,2,4-benzodithiazin-3-yl)-N'-R3-guanidines [Ia-Ig] with some hydrazines in methanol or pyridine medium. The mechanism for the reaction has been suggested. Preliminary screening data indicated that compounds [IIIa-IIIb] exhibit moderate anti HIV activity, and compounds [IIIa-IIId] anticancer activity. Some structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
FastFCA-AS: Joint Diagonalization Based Acceleration of Full-Rank Spatial Covariance Analysis for Separating Any Number of Sources (2018)

Here we propose FastFCA-AS, an accelerated algorithm for Full-rank spatial Covariance Analysis (FCA), which is a robust audio source separation method proposed by Duong et al. ["Under-determined reverberant audio source separation using a full-rank spatial covariance model," IEEE Trans. ASLP, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1830-1840, Sept. 2010]. In the conventional FCA, matrix inversion and matrix multiplication are required at each time-frequency point in each iteration of an iterative parameter estimation algorithm. This causes a heavy computational load, thereby rendering the FCA infeasible in many applications. To overcome this drawback, we take a joint diagonalization approach, whereby matrix inversion and matrix multiplication are reduced to mere inversion and multiplication of diagonal entries. This makes the FastFCA-AS significantly faster than the FCA and even applicable to observed data of long duration or a situation with restricted computational resources. Although we have already proposed another acceleration of the FCA for two sources, the proposed FastFCA-AS is applicable to an arbitrary number of sources. In an experiment with three sources and three microphones, the FastFCA-AS was over 420 times faster than the FCA with a slightly better source separation performance.
Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural by Germanium(IV) Chloride in Ionic Liquids (2010)

Direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids has been investigated in search of an efficient and environmentally friendly process. Monosaccharides D-fructose and D-glucose, disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and even the polysaccharide cellulose were successfully converted into HMF with good yields under mild conditions (yield up to 92 % in 5 min in the case of fructose). The structure of ionic liquids, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and water content had noticeable effects on this catalytic system. Addition of 5 Å molecular sieves during the dehydration of glucose resulted in an increase in HMF yield from 38.4 % to 48.4 %. A mechanism for glucose conversion to HMF catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride was proposed according to ¹³C NMR spectra obtained in situ under different conditions using D-glucose-2-¹³C as the substrate.
A flexible transparent gas barrier film employing the method of mixing ALD/MLD-grown Al2O3 and alucone layers (2015)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been widely reported as a novel method for thin film encapsulation (TFE) of organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic cells. Both organic and inorganic thin films can be deposited by ALD with a variety of precursors. In this work, the performances of Al2O3 thin films and Al2O3/alucone hybrid films have been investigated. The samples with a 50 nm Al2O3 inorganic layer deposited by ALD at a low temperature of 80°C showed higher surface roughness (0.503 ± 0.011 nm), higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) values (3.77 × 10(-4) g/m(2)/day), and lower transmittance values (61%) when compared with the Al2O3 (inorganic)/alucone (organic) hybrid structure under same conditions. Furthermore, a bending test upon single Al2O3 layers showed an increased WVTR of 1.59 × 10(-3) g/m(2)/day. However, the film with a 4 nm alucone organic layer inserted into the center displayed improved surface roughness, barrier performance, and transmittance. After the bending test, the hybrid film with 4 nm equally distributed alucone maintained better surface roughness (0.339 ± 0.014 nm) and barrier properties (9.94 × 10(-5) g/m(2)/day). This interesting phenomenon reveals that multilayer thin films consisting of inorganic layers and decentralized alucone organic components have the potential to be useful in TFE applications on flexible optical electronics.
A Deep Adversarial Learning Methodology for Designing Microstructural Material Systems (2018)

In Computational Materials Design (CMD), it is well recognized that identifying key microstructure characteristics is crucial for determining material design variables. However, existing microstructure characterization and reconstruction (MCR) techniques have limitations to be applied for materials design. Some MCR approaches are not applicable for material microstructural design because no parameters are available to serve as design variables, while others introduce significant information loss in either microstructure representation and/or dimensionality reduction. In this work, we present a deep adversarial learning methodology that overcomes the limitations of existing MCR techniques. In the proposed methodology, generative adversarial networks (GAN) are trained to learn the mapping between latent variables and microstructures. Thereafter, the low-dimensional latent variables serve as design variables, and a Bayesian optimization framework is applied to obtain microstructures with desired material property. Due to the special design of the network architecture, the proposed methodology is able to identify the latent (design) variables with desired dimensionality, as well as capturing complex material microstructural characteristics. The validity of the proposed methodology is tested numerically on a synthetic microstructure dataset and its effectiveness for materials design is evaluated through a case study of optimizing optical performance for energy absorption. Additional features, such as scalability and transferability, are also demonstrated in this work. In essence, the proposed methodology provides an end-to-end solution for microstructural design, in which GAN reduces information loss and preserves more microstructural characteristics, and the GP-Hedge optimization improves the efficiency of design exploration.
Backwafer optical lithography and wafer distortion in substrate transfer technologies (2000)

A method has been developed by which, after removal of the bulk silicon in a substrate transfer process, the backside of a wafer can be processed with the same lithography as the front side of the wafer. To achieve an accurate front-to-backwafer alignment accuracy, mirror symmetric alignment markers for an ASML PAS5000 waferstepper have been developed and applied in a Silicon-on- Anything process. In this manner minimum dimension low-ohmic contacts were fabricated on the backwafer. The mirror symmetric alignment markers are used in combination with standard overlay test procedures to characterize the front-to backwafer overlay accuracy. The measured overlay errors are divided up in non- mirror symmetric lens distortions and wafer distortion as a result of the substrate transfer process. The practical minimum device feature that can be realized on the backwafer is limited to 0.9-1.2 micrometers as a result of front-to-backwafer overlay errors.
Motion Compensation for Synthetic Aperture Radar (1975)

A generalized motion compensation approach applicable to all SAR modes, i.e., strip mapping (side-looking or squint), spotlight (or telescope) mapping, and Doppler beam sharpened mapping (DBS), is described. The basic concept is the formation for unit vector ū and the slaving of the real illuminating antenna and the processed synthetic antenna to this unit vector. The amount of motion compensation which is required is developed in terms of transfer curves for the main motion reduction paths, i.e., translational, rotational (lever arm), and real antenna stabilization. The transfer curves are obtained by dividing the expected motion spectrum by the required sensitivity spectrum. The most critical motion reduction path for typical parameters is shown to be the translational path. The lever arm and real antenna stabilization paths are less critical, but must also be implemented.
The Fibronectin Type 3-Like Repeat from the <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> Cellobiohydrolase CbhA Promotes Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Modifying Its Surface (2002)

Fibronectin type 3 homology domains (Fn3) as found in the cellobiohydrolase CbhA of Clostridium thermocellum are common among bacterial extracellular glycohydrolases. The function of these domains is not clear. CbhA is modular and composed of an N-terminal family IV carbohydrate-binding domain (CBDIV), an immunoglobulin-like domain, a family 9 glycosyl hydrolase catalytic domain (Gh9), two Fn3-like domains (Fn3(1,2)), a family III carbohydrate-binding domain (CBDIII), and a dockerin domain. Efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis by truncated forms of CbhA increased in the following order: Gh9 (lowest efficiency), Gh9-Fn3(1,2) (more efficient), and Gh9-Fn3(1,2)-CBDIII (greatest efficiency). Thermostability of the above constructs decreased in the following order: Gh9 (most stable), Gh9-Fn3(1,2), and then Gh9-Fn3(1,2)-CBDIII (least stable). Mixing of Orpinomyces endoglucanase CelE with Fn3(1,2,) or Fn3(1,2)-CBDIII increased efficiency of hydrolysis of acid-swollen cellulose (ASC) and filter paper. Scanning electron microscopic studies of filter paper treated with Fn3(1,2), Fn3(1,2)-CBDIII, or CBDIII showed that the surface of the cellulose fibers had been loosened up and crenellated by Fn3(1,2) and Fn3(1,2)-CBDIII and to a lesser extent by CBDIII. X-ray diffraction analysis did not reveal changes in the crystallinity of the filter paper. CBDIII bound to ASC and filter paper with capacities of 2.45 and 0.73 micro moles g(-1) and relative affinities (K(r)) of 1.12 and 2.13 liters g(-1), respectively. Fn3(1,2) bound weakly to both celluloses. Fn3(1,2)-CBD bound to ASC and filter paper with capacities of 3.22 and 0.81 micro moles g(-1) and K(r)s of 1.14 and 1.98 liters g(-1), respectively. Fn3(1,2) and CBDIII contained 2 and 1 mol of calcium per mol, respectively. The results suggest that Fn3(1,2) aids the hydrolysis of cellulose by modifying its surface. This effect is enhanced by the presence of CBDIII, which increases the concentration of Fn3(1,2) on the cellulose surface.
Template based High Performance ALE-TSOAP Message Communication (2007)

Recently, the RFID technology has become essential for ubiquitous computing. As the deployment of mega SCM (supply chain management) environments starts at the largest companies in the distribution industry, efforts tend to concentrate on a variety of performance improvements for the RFID middleware aiming to give quality of service for large RFID-data transmission. Web services, cornerstone of the RFID networks, require high performance, security and extensibility. Since SOAP (simple object access protocol) inherits the poor performance of XML, it is not easy for the RFID middleware to support high performance web services. The ALE (application level event) communication interface from the RFID middleware sends a response message. Its serialization, which includes the conversion of common language runtime objects to the XML documents and streams and packing of this data into a message buffer, has been proven as the bottleneck for SOAP's poor performance. In this paper, we propose ALE-TSOAP, based on ALE templates, that provides an increase in the performance of the RFID middleware when generating response messages. We analyze SOAP messages to classify the various ALE template formats, to design and implement our ALE templates and, finally, to evaluate the performance of the ALE-TSOAP processing. The use of ALE-TSOAP does not change the SOAP protocol or the ALE communication interface of the RFID middleware. Through our experiments, we observed that our approach obtains up to a 197.8% performance gain by only using ALE templates for the serialization of SOAP message.
"Plat" (1933)

"Plat" Get access A. J. H. A. J. H. 1Wigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLXIV, Issue feb18, 18 February 1933, Pages 122–123, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLXIV.feb18.122e Published: 18 February 1933
AMPK, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome (2013)

Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, as are central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and a predisposition to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain cancers. Regular exercise and calorie restriction have long been known to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease the prevalence of these disorders. The subsequent identification of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its activation by exercise and fuel deprivation have led to studies of the effects of AMPK on both IR and metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In this review, we evaluate this body of literature, with special emphasis on the hypothesis that dysregulation of AMPK is both a pathogenic factor for these disorders in humans and a target for their prevention and therapy.
Electrically Small Square Loop Antenna with a Capacitive SRR Cover Structure (2008)

In this paper, an electrically small square loop antenna with a capacitive SRR cover structure is built and tested. The size of the proposed antenna (ka 0.34) is much smaller than the corresponding Chu limit value. The experimental result shows that the resonant frequency and impedance bandwidth (VSWRles2) are 906 MHz and 5.8 MHz (901.7 - 907.5 MHz) respectively. The proposed antenna has maximum gain of -0.59dBi and radiation efficiency of 42.85% at 906 MHz. Although the proposed antenna has very small size, the measured maximum gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna show good performances. The proposed antenna is efficiently matched without additional matching network and designed by equivalent circuit model. A Teflon substrate (epsiv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 2.2) is used for the antenna fabrication. Therefore it has advantages of low cost, small size, and light weight and will be applied to wireless communication systems where small size antennas are required such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).
Role of Myeloperoxidase and Bacterial Metabolism in Chemiluminescence of Granulocytes from Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (1981)

Phagocytosis of catalase-positive microbes by normal polymorphonuclear neutrophils results in increased metabolism as required for microbicidal action. Chemiluminescence is a product of the associated oxygenation reactions. Neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease are capable of phagocytizing catalase-positive microbes, but there is no associated respiratory burst, microbicidal action is greatly decreased, and chemiluminescence is not detected. However, these defective neutrophils can kill catalase-negative, H2O2-generating bacteria. In the present study, chemiluminescence by neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease after phagocytosis of H2O2-generating streptococci was detected. Acid extracts of myeloperoxidase from either control or patient neutrophils also yielded chemiluminescence in the presence of streptococci, but not in the presence of catalase-positive microbes.