gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth muscle cells express Ia antigens during arterial response to injury. (1988)

The atherosclerotic plaque is composed of vascular smooth muscle cells and of macrophages and lymphocytes derived from the blood. We have recently shown that smooth muscle cells express class II MHC (Ia) antigens in the atherosclerotic plaque but not in the normal vessel wall. In the present study, we have tested whether there is a relationship between arterial injury and smooth muscle Ia expression. Rat carotid arteries were deendothelialized with a balloon catheter, and the rat Ia antigens, I-A and I-E, were detected by immunocytochemistry. Leukocytes and smooth muscle cells were identified by monoclonal antibodies to cell type-specific antigens. Normal rat carotids were always I-A and I-E negative, but approximately 10% of the cells became I-A-positive and 5% I-E positive during the response to injury. Ia expression was limited to non-replicating smooth muscle cells, suggesting that Ia is expressed as part of an activation response in a nondividing subfraction of the cells. The frequency of Ia-positive smooth muscle cells was maximal at 2 weeks postinjury, which coincided with maximal leukocyte infiltration and with the appearance of T lymphocytes in the neointima. This suggests that T cells induce Ia expression in smooth muscle cells. This was confirmed in cell culture experiments, where conditioned media from activated T lymphocytes induced Ia antigens in arterial smooth muscle cells. A similar induction of Ia expression was induced by recombinant gamma interferon, suggesting that this lymphokine may be responsible for smooth muscle Ia expression also in vivo.
An Efficient Reader Anticollision Algorithm in Dense RFID Networks With Mobile RFID Readers (2009)

In parallel with the proliferation of radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems, many RFID readers have been increasingly employed. In such an environment, collision among readers becomes a serious problem. Existing anticollision algorithms, depending on the information of neighboring readers, may require constant effort in order to grasp such information. Although it may be given by a server or a coordinator, they may not be suitable in dense and dynamic RFID networks with mobile readers. In this paper, we propose an efficient reader anticollision algorithm using a polling server in dense and dynamic RFID networks with mobile readers. Owing to the assistance of the server, the readers can rapidly decide whether they can work or not without interfering neighbors and can be easily synchronized. Our proposed algorithm is simple and makes readers aware of neighbors to minimize reader collisions. Performance evaluation shows how many readers can operate in a network and indicates that our proposed algorithm is more efficient than distributed color selection, colorwave, and hierarchical Q-learning algorithm, particularly in dense and mobile environments.
Development of an Advanced Subsea Wellhead System Incorporating All Metal-to-Metal Sealing (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the design, analysis, testing and the resources devoted to the development of an advanced sub sea wellhead system. This wellhead system significantly improves casing suspension/load capacities, annulus sealing and rig floor operations. INTRODUCTION Wells are now being drilled in water depths over 7,500 ft. with reservoir pressures approaching 15,000 psi, and temperatures approaching 180°C. A high-performance sub sea wellhead system providing simple rig operations, reliable sealing and improved load carrying capacity is an important element in safely and cost effectively drilling and developing deepwater fields. In developing this system, major emphasis was placed on:passive load transfer.All metal SealingSimple weight set operation. These elements, combined with other specific system performance goals, provided the benefits necessary to warrant this project. The approach was to define a specification based on historical perspective and present day customer input, to design and analyze the elements using the most modern technique: available, to rigorously and thoroughly test the equipment under laboratory and field-simulated conditions, and to perform field trials. The wellhead resulting from this research is shown in Figure 1. Specification The detailed specification is a lengthy document covering all associated equipment from spud-in to tieback and sub sea completion interfaces. The basic requirements for the wellhead are:18-3/4 in. -15,000 psi rated working pressure.compliance with industry specifications: API 17D, NACE MR-01 75, and Certifiable for North Sea operations.Temperature range - 4°C thru + 120°C.Simple reliable installationWeight set operation.Passive casing suspension load carrying system.Single trip installation of hanger and seal assembly.Minimization of the number of trips and tools.Load carrying capacity -7.1 million lb.1 million lb. per hanger (13-3/8 in., 9-5/8 in., 7 in.).4.1 million lb. end-load due to 15 Ksi full bore test.Highly reliable all metal sealing.Maximized flow-by area and particle size.Compatibility with sub sea production systems as well a platform or TLP tieback systems. DESIGN Wellhead Housing The external design of the housing is standard and can be fitted with a mandrel or a hub profile to interface with the BOP stack connector. The load transfer system from casing hanger to wellhead housing is completely passive as shown in Figure 2. Unlike previous systems, no mechanisms, shear pins or addition trips are required to provide over 7 million lb. of load carrying capacity. The high-strength load shoulder insert in the wellhead housing has bore clearance for a 17-1/2 in. bit. The pre-installed wert provides additional bearing area on the NACE-rated housing material while maintaining 360° of contact with the first casing anger. This hanger-to-housing interface allows the hanger to simply land upon a conventional angular shoulder while maintaining the ability to support a load-tested 8 million lbs.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Hydrogenations (2013)

The frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyzed hydrogenation of organic molecules is discussed. The saturation of polarized double bonds by FLP can be described as the nucleophilic addition of hydrides to the polar double bond prior to proton transfer. In contrast, the hydrogenation of olefins proceeds first by protonation forming a transient carbocation, which is subsequently attacked by the hydride. Both processes give rise for efficient conversion of unsaturated organic compounds by a metal-free methodology employing molecular hydrogen.
Plasminogen activator/coagulase gene of Yersinia pestis is responsible for degradation of plasmid-encoded outer membrane proteins (1988)

The related family of virulence plasmids found in the three major pathogens of the genus Yersinia all have the ability to encode a set of outer membrane proteins. In Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, these proteins are major constituents of the outer membrane when their synthesis is fully induced. In contrast, they have been difficult to detect in Y. pestis. It has recently been established that Y. pestis does synthesize these proteins, but that they are rapidly degraded due to some activity determined by the 9.5-kilobase plasmid commonly found in Y. pestis strains. We show that mutations in the pla gene of this plasmid, which encodes both the plasminogen activator and coagulase activities, blocked this degradation. A cloned 1.4-kilobase DNA fragment carrying pla was also sufficient to cause degradation in the absence of the 9.5-kilobase plasmid.
Association of Protein Distribution and Gene Expression Revealed by PET and Post-Mortem Quantification in the Serotonergic System of the Human Brain (2016)

Regional differences in posttranscriptional mechanisms may influence in vivo protein densities. The association of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging data from 112 healthy controls and gene expression values from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, based on post-mortem brains, was investigated for key serotonergic proteins. PET binding values and gene expression intensities were correlated for the main inhibitory (5-HT1A) and excitatory (5-HT2A) serotonin receptor, the serotonin transporter (SERT) as well as monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), using Spearman's correlation coefficients (rs) in a voxel-wise and region-wise analysis. Correlations indicated a strong linear relationship between gene and protein expression for both the 5-HT1A (voxel-wise rs = 0.71; region-wise rs = 0.93) and the 5-HT2A receptor (rs = 0.66; 0.75), but only a weak association for MAO-A (rs = 0.26; 0.66) and no clear correlation for SERT (rs = 0.17; 0.29). Additionally, region-wise correlations were performed using mRNA expression from the HBT, yielding comparable results (5-HT1Ars = 0.82; 5-HT2Ars = 0.88; MAO-A rs = 0.50; SERT rs = -0.01). The SERT and MAO-A appear to be regulated in a region-specific manner across the whole brain. In contrast, the serotonin-1A and -2A receptors are presumably targeted by common posttranscriptional processes similar in all brain areas suggesting the applicability of mRNA expression as surrogate parameter for density of these proteins.
Microwave Heating of Long-term Formalin-fixed Surgical Pathology Specimens Improves Quality of Extracted DNA (2012)

A large amount of DNA of high quality is essential for molecular analysis. The amount of DNA in routine paraffin sections is small. Surgical specimens retained in formalin for the long-term (several months) left over from the sampling required for wax embedding can be referred to as "long-term formalin-fixed" specimens, and clearly this material is a rich source of DNA; however, it is difficult to extract. In the current study, we designed a microwave-heating method for DNA extraction from these specimens. We found that the heating procedure achieved greater DNA yields than a common nonheating method used for comparison (DNA contents mean±SD, heating 2.16±0.95 μg/μL vs. common 1.75±0.90 μg/μL, P<0.05). Fluorescence multiplex polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis successfully detected microsatellite instability (MSI) in the DNA samples derived from this heating procedure (98.4%, 689 of 700 sample tests), at significantly higher levels than from the conventional method (82.3%, 247 of 300 sample tests, P<0.05). We identified 10 (14.3%) MSI with high frequency and 6 (8.6%) MSI with low frequency colorectal cancers. MSI with high frequency cancers showed distinct clinicopathologic features including higher incidence of right-sided location, high histologic grade, mucin-production, and prominent intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration. We concluded that the microwave-heating method was efficient for DNA isolation from long-term formalin-fixed tissue samples. The successful fluorescence multiplex polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis analysis in these samples might facilitate MSI detection in clinical practice.
Light‐Activated Therapy: Photodynamic Therapy (2003)

Chapters 12 and 13 treat the use of light for therapy and treatment, an important area of biophotonics. These chapters provide examples of the use of light for therapy and medical procedures. Chapter 12 covers light-activated therapy, specifically the use of light to activate an administered photosensitizer which causes the destruction of cancer or treats a diseased tissue. This procedure is called photodynamic therapy (PDT) and constitutes a multidisciplinary area that has witnessed considerable global growth. Treatment of certain types of cancer using photodynamic therapy is already approved in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration as well as by equivalent agencies in other countries. Therefore, this chapter can be useful not only for researchers but also for clinicians and practicing oncologists. Applications of photodynamic therapy to areas other than cancer, for example to age-related macular degeneration, are also discussed.
Service selection based on status identification in SOA (2011)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become a new software development paradigm because it provides a flexible framework that can help to reduce development cost and time. SOA promises loosely coupled interoperable and composable services. Service selection in dynamic environment is the usage of techniques in selecting and providing quality of services (QoS) to consumers. The dynamic nature of web services is realized by an environment for collecting runtime information of web services. Based on the collected runtime information, several characteristics of service failures and successes are identified and four service statuses are defined. Based on these statuses, an approach to dynamic availability estimation is proposed along with multiple QoS criteria's such as cost and performance which is called Status Identification based service selection (SISS).
Effect of magnetic and physical nozzles on plasma thruster performance (2014)

Plasma cross-field diffusion in a magnetic nozzle is inhibited by increasing the magnetic field strength in a helicon plasma thruster attached to a pendulum thrust balance, while maintaining constant plasma density and electron temperature in the source tube, i.e. a constant plasma injection into the magnetic nozzle, where the field strength near the radio frequency (rf) antenna is less than 210 G and the operating argon pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.8 mTorr. Inhibition of the cross-field diffusion yields a higher electron pressure in the magnetic nozzle and a resultant larger thrust. The thrust component arising from the magnetic nozzle approaches the theoretical limit derived from an ideal magnetic nozzle approximation where no plasma is lost from the nozzle and there is an azimuthal plasma current originating from the electron diamagnetic drift. It is also shown that the momentum of the plasma lost from the magnetic nozzle is captured by a physical nozzle attached at the source exit resulting in a larger thrust. Two physical nozzles of different sizes (nozzle 1: 10.5 cm in length with a maximum diameter of 20 cm, nozzle 2: 26 cm in length with a maximum diameter of 36 cm) are tested. The maximum thrust of 20 1 mN is obtained for 25 sccm argon propellant and 2 kW rf power with a reflection power less than 5 W, which gives a specific impulse of 2750 165 s and a thrust efficiency of 13.5 1.5%.
White-light interferometer with dispersion: an accurate fiber-optic sensor for the measurement of distance (2005)

We present a fiber-optical sensor for distance measurement of smooth and rough surfaces that is based on white-light interferometry; the sensor measures the distance from the sample surface to the sensor head. Because white light is used, the measurement is absolute. The measurement uncertainty depends not on the aperture of the optical system but only on the properties of the rough surface and is commonly approximately 1 microm. The measurement range is approximately 1 mm. The sensor includes no mechanical moving parts; mechanical movement is replaced by the spectral decomposition of light at the interferometer output. The absence of mechanical moving parts enables a high measuring rate to be reached.
Characterization of OsPID, the Rice Ortholog of PINOID, and its Possible Involvement in the Control of Polar Auxin Transport (2007)

PINOID, a serine threonine protein kinase in Arabidopsis, controls auxin distribution through a positive control of subcellular localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers. Compared with the rapid progress in understanding mechanisms of auxin action in dicot species, little is known about auxin action in monocot species. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of OsPID, the PINOID ortholog of rice. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the rice genome contains a single PID ortholog, OsPID. Constitutive overexpression of OsPID caused a variety of abnormalities, such as delay of adventitious root development, curled growth of shoots and agravitropism. Abnormalities observed in the plants that overexpress OsPID could be phenocopied by treatment with an inhibitor of active polar transport of auxin, indicating that OsPID could be involved in the control of polar auxin transport in rice. Analysis of OsPID mRNA distribution showed a complex pattern in shoot meristems, indicating that it probably plays a role in the pattern formation and organogenesis in the rice shoot.
Splog detection using self-similarity analysis on blog temporal dynamics (2007)

This paper focuses on spam blog (splog) detection. Blogs are highly popular, new media social communication mechanisms. The presence of splogs degrades blog search results as well as wastes network resources. In our approach we exploit unique blog temporal dynamics to detect splogs.
Dispersion of Insoluble Carbonates in Oils (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTDispersion of Insoluble Carbonates in OilsUlric B. Bray and Charles R. DickeyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1975, 14, 4, 295–298Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online20 April 2016Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360056a602https://doi.org/10.1021/i360056a602research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1975 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The rhetoric of<i>He Shang:</i>From cultural criticism to social act (1991)

The television miniseries He shang (River elegy) was produced in 1988, when much of the Chinese public was growing restive with economic instability and unprecedented inflation. As further economic and political reforms appeared stalled in quarrels among national leaders, public perception focused on the official corruption and nepotism that was monopolizing the new avenues of opportunity that had supposedly been opened up to the society at large by the recent reforms. Censorship of public expression was increasingly relaxed across a broad range of social and aesthetic topics, yet prominent intellectuals within the party who criticized the political system too directly were still being stripped of their party memberships and appointments within party-state cultural institutions. There was a widely repeated notion of a nation potentially in crisis, with consequent opportunities for either bold innovative improvements or fateful miscalculations for the worse. He shang brought to the rapidly expanding medium of Chinese television a vision of this crisis, and it represents the work of China's new generation of academic cultural critics and writers of reportage literature (baogao wenxue). The production may have been rushed and the footage pieced together from other projects, and thoughtful viewers may not have found answers to all the questions raised by the script, yet the miniseries was a showpiece of what was new in television, in cultural criticism, and in the nonfiction writing of literary reportage. The offense He shang gave some leaders (such as Wang Zhen, who condemned it), and the comfort the program gave others (such as Zhao Ziyang, who praised it) helped mark every major participant in the He shang project for state retribution a year later, when the power of Zhao Ziyang's patronage collapsed and the collaborators in the He shang production demonstrated their support for the democratic movement.
Optical-thermal induced total internal reflection-to-transmission switching at a glass-liquid crystal interface (1982)

An intensity dependent change from a state of total internal reflection to transmission of an optical beam at a nonlinear glass-nematic liquid crystal interface is observed. The effect is attributed to optically induced molecular reorientation and thermal indexing, depending on the liquid crystal used.
Theoretical definition of the size of electron pairs and its stereochemical implications (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical definition of the size of electron pairs and its stereochemical implicationsM. A. Robb, W. J. Haines, and I. G. CsizmadiaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 1, 42–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00782a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00782a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR TWO‐DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF VELOCITY OVERSHOOT EFFECTS IN Si AND GaAs DEVICES (1982)

A transport model has been developed which is reasonably accurate, and has proven quite efficient for the two‐dimensional numerical simulation of submicron‐scale Si and GaAs devices. In this model an approximate form of the energy‐transport equation is developed; this equation is easily included in otherwise‐conventional device simulation codes, which then require only slightly more solution time than standard models using field‐dependent transport coefficients. Calculations for 0.25 micron gate length Si and GaAs MESFET's show that velocity overshoot effects can be very important, particularly in the latter material; predicted saturation currents in the GaAs devices are almost three times larger than those that would have been predicted using conventional transport models. The model described, and its application in simulation programs, should find use in the design of submicron‐scale devices to properly take advantage of overshoot phenomena.