gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Of A Large Depth Of View Three-Dimensional Camera For Robot Vision (1987)

The design of a compact laser scanner for robot vision is presented. The design is based on synchronized scanners. It is shown that the Scheimpflug condition of focusing coupled with the low divergence of a laser beam provides an ideal arrangement for large depth of view. A geometrical analysis and a prototype description are presented.
Separation of Hafnium from Zirconium by Extraction Chromatography with Liquid Anionic Exchangers (1999)

The extraction chromatography behavior of zirconium and hafnium is studied using tri-n-octylamine (TNOA) and tri-caprylyl-monomethyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) as the stationary phase supported on a styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer resin and hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase. The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, extractant loading on the support, support particle size, column dimensions, and hydrofluoric acid are investigated. Microgram amounts of Zr and Hf are successfully separated on a small size (Ø5 × 45 mm) column, on which Zr is adsorbed and Hf is completely eluted with 8M HCl. The adsorbed Zr is then eluted with 2M HCl. Aliquat 336 is found to be superior to TNOA for the mutual separation of Zr and Hf. The stability of the extraction chromatography resin is also examined.
Evaluation and Design of Genome-Wide CRISPR/SpCas9 Knockout Screens (2017)

The adaptation of CRISPR/SpCas9 technology to mammalian cell lines is transforming the study of human functional genomics. Pooled libraries of CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting human protein-coding genes and encoded in viral vectors have been used to systematically create gene knockouts in a variety of human cancer and immortalized cell lines, in an effort to identify whether these knockouts cause cellular fitness defects. Previous work has shown that CRISPR screens are more sensitive and specific than pooled-library shRNA screens in similar assays, but currently there exists significant variability across CRISPR library designs and experimental protocols. In this study, we reanalyze 17 genome-scale knockout screens in human cell lines from three research groups, using three different genome-scale gRNA libraries. Using the Bayesian Analysis of Gene Essentiality algorithm to identify essential genes, we refine and expand our previously defined set of human core essential genes from 360 to 684 genes. We use this expanded set of reference core essential genes, CEG2, plus empirical data from six CRISPR knockout screens to guide the design of a sequence-optimized gRNA library, the Toronto KnockOut version 3.0 (TKOv3) library. We then demonstrate the high effectiveness of the library relative to reference sets of essential and nonessential genes, as well as other screens using similar approaches. The optimized TKOv3 library, combined with the CEG2 reference set, provide an efficient, highly optimized platform for performing and assessing gene knockout screens in human cell lines.
Microwave‐assisted radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]ASEM, a radiolabeled <i>α</i>7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (2015)

An improvement of the original radiochemical synthesis of [(18) F]ASEM, an α7-nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor radioligand, is reported. The new procedure utilizes microwave-assisted radiofluorination. In addition, a new preparative HPLC method was developed to eliminate a chemical impurity in the final product. Quality control procedures were also enhanced to improve detection of product with enhanced resolution of potential impurities. [(18) F]ASEM was produced in 20.1 ± 8.9% non-decay corrected (NDC) yield with an average synthesis time of 57 min and an average specific radioactivity of 856 ± 332 GBq/µmol (23 ± 9 Ci/µmol).
Absence of integrin α1β1 in the mouse causes loss of feedback regulation of collagen synthesis in normal and wounded dermis (1999)

Integrin alpha1beta1 is a collagen receptor predominantly found in mesenchymal tissues. Mice lacking this receptor are viable. We have previously suggested that alpha1beta1 might participate in the down-regulation of collagen gene expression observed in cells suspended inside collagen gels. The results presented here demonstrate that integrin alpha1beta1 acts as a feedback regulator of collagen synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, alpha1 null animals show a higher rate of collagen synthesis in the dermis in vivo. Secondly, fibroblasts derived from alpha1 null cutaneous wounds show a reduced sensitivity to collagen gel induced downregulation of collagen mRNA synthesis, as compared to their wild-type counterparts. An increase in collagenase synthesis is also seen in the alpha1 null dermis and in collagen gel suspended fibroblasts. While dermal thickness is normal in the alpha1 null animals, an increase is seen in skin thickness of alpha1 null but not alpha1 heterozygote animals on a background of collagenase resistant collagen. Increased expression of both collagen and collagenase mRNA are seen in experimental granulation tissue in alpha1 null animals, but their ultimate accumulation of collagen is normal, probably due to non alpha1 dependent paracrine regulators of collagen turnover.
Tuning the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Aza‐Boron‐Dipyridylmethenes for Fluorescent Blue OLEDs (2021)

Abstract A series of substituted aza‐boron‐dipyridylmethene ( aD ) compounds are demonstrated as fluorescent dopant emitters in blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Replacing the meso ‐carbon of a dipyridylmethene dye with nitrogen to form the aD chromophore leads to a destabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital in aD , as evidenced both from their experimentally determined photophysical and electrochemical properties. These properties are consistent with theoretical calculations of the molecular energetics. These aD derivatives emit violet to blue light, peaking between 400 and 460 nm with photoluminescent quantum yields over 85%. The aD compounds have small energy differences (<400 meV) between their singlet and triplet excited states. OLEDs fabricated with an aza‐boron‐dipyridylmethene emitting fluorophore give an external quantum efficiency of 4.5% on glass substrates, close to the theoretical maximum for fluorescent OLEDs.
Min Max Threshold Range (MMTR) based approach in palmprint authentication by sobel code method (2010)

Palmprint recognition is an effective biometric authentication method to automatically identify a person’s identity. Palmprint is rich in features like geometry features, line features, datum points, delta features and minutiae features. Several edge detection methods are available to extract line feature from the palmprint. In this paper, the hand image is pre-processed to get the desired Region of Interest (ROI)/palmprint. Multiscale Sobel Code operators of different orientations (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) are applied to the palmprint to extract Sobel-Palmprint features in different directions. The Sobel-Palmprint features extracted are stored in Sobel-Palmprint feature vector and matched using Hamming Distance similarity measurement method. In addition, a Min Max Threshold Range (MMTR) method is proposed that helps in increasing overall system accuracy by matching a person with multiple threshold values. In this technique, firstly the person is authenticated at global level using Reference threshold. Secondly, the person is authenticated at local level using range of Minimum and Maximum thresholds defined for a person. Generally, personal authentication is done using reference threshold but there are chances of false acceptance. So, by using the Minimum and Maximum Thresholds range of false accepted persons at personal level, a person is identified to be false accepted or genuinely accepted. MMTR is an effective technique to increase the accuracy of the palmprint authentication system by reducing the False Acceptance Rate (FAR). Experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves the False Acceptance Rate drastically.
Collaboration in KMS, a shared hypermedia system (1989)

This paper describes how we use a hypermedia system (KMS) for our collaborative work. Based on our experience with KMS and our previous research with the ZOG system at Carnegie Mellon University, we believe that a shared-database hypermedia system provides a powerful foundation for collaboration. In this paper, we show how the shared-database capability of KMS, plus particular aspects of its data model, address six of the fundamental issues facing designers of collaborative work systems.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016)

Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. “Neurostimulation Treatments” is the fourth of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. Results: Evidence-informed responses were developed for 31 questions for 6 neurostimulation modalities: 1) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), 2) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 3) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 4) magnetic seizure therapy (MST), 5) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and 6) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Most of the neurostimulation treatments have been investigated in patients with varying degrees of treatment resistance. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence for efficacy, tolerability, and safety of neurostimulation treatments. rTMS is now a first-line recommendation for patients with MDD who have failed at least 1 antidepressant. ECT remains a second-line treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression, although in some situations, it may be considered first line. Third-line recommendations include tDCS and VNS. MST and DBS are still considered investigational treatments.
Wnt signal transduction pathway and apoptosis: a review (2010)

The association between the wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis has become more firmly established in the recent scientific literature. Many reports indicate that the wnt signaling pathway regulates apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms.The activity of wnt signaling according to specific cellular environment stimuli can either foster or restrain the processes of apoptosis. Wnt signaling regulates the early and late stages of apoptosis in both development and cellular injury in populations of neurons, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes.In this review I draw attention to genes and proteins of the wnt signaling pathway involved in apoptosis and describe some of their functional effects.
Tetrandrine Induces Early G1 Arrest in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells by Down-Regulating the Activity and Inducing the Degradation of G1-S–Specific Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and by Inducing p53 and p21Cip1 (2004)

Tetrandrine is an antitumor alkaloid isolated from the root of Stephania tetrandra. We find that micromolar concentrations of tetrandrine irreversibly inhibit the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cells in MTT and clonogenic assays by arresting cells in G(1). Tetrandrine induces G(1) arrest before the restriction point in nocodazole- and serum-starved synchronized HT29 cells, without affecting the G(1)-S transition in aphidicolin-synchronized cells. Tetrandrine-induced G(1) arrest is followed by apoptosis as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling, and annexin V staining assays. Tetrandrine-induced early G(1) arrest is mediated by at least three different mechanisms. First, tetrandrine inhibits purified cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin E and CDK4 without affecting significantly CDK2/cyclin A, CDK1/cyclin B, and CDK6. Second, tetrandrine induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and E2F1. Third, tetrandrine increases the expression of p53 and p21(Cip1) in wild-type p53 HCT116 cells. Collectively, these results show that tetrandrine arrests cells in G(1) by convergent mechanisms, including down-regulation of E2F1 and up-regulation of p53/p21(Cip1).
Design and Testing of a Personal Porous-Metal Denuder (2001)

A personal denuder made of porous-metal disc has been designed and tested. The entire casing and substrate support are made of Teflon, and the sampling flow rate is 2 L/min. The sampler consists of a two-stage cascade impactor (having cut-off aerodynamic diameters of 9.5 and 2.0 μm, respectively) to collect liquid particles and two porous-metal discs (diameter: 2.54 cm; pore size: 100 μm; thickness: 0.317 cm) to collect basic and acidic gases, respectively. The denuder was tested for gas collection efficiency and capacity at a gas concentration of two times the permissible exposure limit (PEL, promulgated by Taiwan Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH)), with relative humidity (RH) of 80 ± 5% and temperature of 30 ± 3°C. The test data indicate that the gas collection efficiency is high, and the capacity is sufficient for the acidic/basic gas sampling in the workplace. Using 5% (w/v, g/mL) sodium carbonate/1% (w/v) glycerol coating on the porous-metal disc, the collection efficiency is 91.2 ± 0.26% (average ± standard deviation), 95.08 ± 0.06% and 100 ± 0.04%, and the capacity is 4.47, 7.2, and 2.5 mg for HNO 3 , HCl and HF, respectively. The collection efficiency for NH 3 for the porous-metal disc with 4% (w/v) citric acid coating is 96.39 ± 0.13%, and the capacity is 33.6 mg.
Modelling evaluation of the testing condition influence on the maximum stress induced in a hip prosthesis during ISO 7206 fatigue testing (1999)

In vivo fatigue failure of hip prosthesis stems has been extensively reported in literature. The ISO 7206 international standard has been developed to assess the fatigue reliability of hip prostheses. It describes the fatigue testing apparatus and procedure and it is currently adopted by several testing laboratories throughout the world. In this work we evaluate the maximum stress in a titanium alloy commercial stem in different testing conditions, ranging within the standard specification, using the finite element method applied to a 3D model of the stem. The calculated maximum von Mises stress ranges from +4.5 to -1.5% (for different cement constraint levels) and from +6.7 to -6.8% (for different stem angular orientations) with respect to that calculated at the nominal testing conditions. The results suggest that the ISO 7206 testing specification will give experimental data of reasonable accuracy, with probably no more scatter than that found in typical specimen test results. This is particularly important in the case of components manufactured from materials showing a fatigue resistance highly sensitive to stress variations, such as the Ti6A14V alloy, for which a small increase of the maximum applied stress corresponds to a significant decrease of the statistical fatigue life.
The processing and presentation of mycobacterial antigens by human monocytes (1988)

The processing and presentation of whole irradiated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb gamma) and its purified protein derivative (PPD) by the peripheral blood monocytes from healthy Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated individuals was investigated. To study processing and presentation as events distinct from T cell recognition and proliferation, monocytes were pulsed with antigens for varying time intervals and fixed. The kinetics of presentation indicate that up to 2 h was required for effective presentation of PPD and 2-4 h for Mtb gamma, and that the ability to activate T cells declined as the time interval for which pulsing occurred was increased, so that responses were abolished by 8-10 h. Prefixed monocytes could not present Mtb gamma and PPD to T cells indicating that processing was an essential requisite. Lysosomotropic agents chloroquine, monensin, and leupeptin inhibited the presentation of these antigens suggesting the role of lysosomes/endosomes in processing. Furthermore, monocytes incubated with optimal concentration of antigens for different lengths of time released determinants which were still antigenic but circumvented the need for any further processing. Addition of nonprimed syngeneic monocytes, both untreated or paraformaldehyde fixed to cells which had been pulsed and fixed, restored the responses even at the later time periods when responses were not detected. This second interaction of the monocyte with T cells was not major histocompatibility complex restricted in that the addition of monocytes from another donor was equally effective.
HTS AMPS-A and AMPS-B filters for cellular receive base stations (1999)

The multiple, interleaved pass band nature of the AMPS cellular system provides an excellent opportunity for high performance HTS filter technology for base station reverse link applications. The 25 MHz spectrum is divided into 4 unequal bands, 2 each for the A and B operators. For AMPS-A, the two band pass filters are connected in parallel, while for AMPS-B a band pass filter is cascaded with a band reject filter. All band pass filters have finite transmission zeros and the band reject filter is designed to have an equal ripple stop band. The design and performance of high selectivity filters for this application is described.
On Lowering the Error Floor of Short-to-Medium Block Length Irregular Low Density Parity Check Codes (2018)

Gallager proposed and developed low density parity check (LDPC) codes in the early 1960s. LDPC codes were rediscovered in the early 1990s and shown to be capacity approaching over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Subsequently, density evolution (DE) optimized symbol node degree distributions were used to significantly improve the decoding performance of short to medium length irregular LDPC codes. Currently, the short to medium length LDPC codes with the lowest error floor are DE optimized irregular LDPC codes constructed using progressive edge growth (PEG) algorithm modifications which are designed to increase the approximate cycle extrinsic message degrees (ACE) in the LDPC code graphs constructed. The aim of the present work is to find efficient means to improve on the error floor performance published for short to medium length irregular LDPC codes over AWGN channels in the literature. An efficient algorithm for determining the girth and ACE distributions in short to medium length LDPC code Tanner graphs has been proposed. A cyclic PEG (CPEG) algorithm which uses an edge connections sequence that results in LDPC codes with improved girth and ACE distributions is presented. LDPC codes with DE optimized/’good’ degree distributions which have larger minimum distances and stopping distances than previously published for LDPC codes of similar length and rate have been found. It is shown that increasing the minimum distance of LDPC codes lowers their error floor performance over AWGN channels; however, there are threshold minimum distances values above which there is no further lowering of the error floor performance. A minimum local girth (edge skipping) (MLG (ES)) PEG algorithm is presented; the algorithm controls the minimum local girth (global girth) connected in the Tanner graphs of LDPC codes constructed by forfeiting some edge connections. A technique for constructing optimal low correlated edge density (OED) LDPC codes based on modified DE optimized symbol node degree distributions and the MLG (ES) PEG algorithm modification is presented. OED rate-½ (n, k)=(512, 256) LDPC codes have been shown to have lower error floor over the AWGN channel than previously published for LDPC codes of similar length and rate. Similarly, consequent to an improved symbol node degree distribution, rate ½ (n, k)=(1024, 512) LDPC codes have been shown to have lower error floor over the AWGN channel than previously published for LDPC codes of similar length and rate. An improved BP/SPA (IBP/SPA) decoder, obtained by making two simple modifications to the standard BP/SPA decoder, has been shown to result in an unprecedented generalized improvement in the performance of short to medium length irregular LDPC codes under iterative message passing decoding. The superiority of the Slepian Wolf distributed source coding model over other distributed source coding models based on LDPC codes has been shown.
The global aspects of tuberculosis and HIV infection. (1990)

HIV infection is the only factor which has been able to disturb the balance between the tubercle bacillus and man, in the absence of man-made interference. The impact of HIV infection on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis is so large that, under certain conditions, the tools available at present for tuberculosis control will fail to restrain the increase in the incidence of tuberculosis caused by HIV infection. It is to be seen to what extent an efficient control programme in developing countries will be able to contain the transmission of tuberculosis infection, in particular the risk of tuberculous infection. The current risk of tuberculous infection and its trend is the most decisive factor in containing the deterioration of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in developing countries in the future, caused by HIV infection. In countries with high prevalence of both tuberculous and HIV infections it is imperative to achieve and maintain a high cure rate of all diagnosed smear-positive tuberculosis cases, with short-course chemotherapy. Since many tuberculosis cases among HIV-infected persons are smear-negative but culture positive, or smear-negative and culture-negative, or culture-positive or culture-negative, it is necessary, whenever possible, to improve case detection of smear-negative tuberculosis cases through screening by X-ray of the chest patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and to examine those with a pathology on the X-ray by microscopy and if possible, by culture for the tubercle bacilli. Research on the interactions of HIV and tuberculous infections is urgently needed.
CCCXII.—Studies in electro-endosmosis. Part I (1924)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Optimal Halbach Magnet Array Design for Portable NMR Targeting Multiphase Flow Metering Applications (2018)

In this paper, a Halbach array-based nuclear magnetic resonance device for multiphase flow measurement is suggested. The design approach used simultaneously a 3-D finite-element method (FEM)-based software combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm. The goal of the design is to generate a relatively intense and highly homogenous magnetic field inside the target sensing area using a compact and lightweight magnet array. Simulation results on a device consisting of 12 Halbach arrays, each consisting of 12 cuboid permanent magnet elements of size 20 mm × 20 mm × 46.5 mm size, indicate that a highly homogenous magnetic field distribution of 0.890 T maximal intensity and 606 ppm homogeneity could be achieved within a probe cross section of 40 mm diameter when the Halbach arrays are distant from each other by a distance of 4 mm. This is adequate for the desired application while it leads to a light and compact overall Halbach array of 21.6 kg weight and 600 mm length. Experimental validation which was done using newly constructed two Halbach arrays of cuboid and trapezoid magnet elements, respectively, indicates a good match with FEM simulations. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were performed to identify significant design variables for further optimization.