gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Structural and Chemical Modifications of Nb Additive on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2004)

The solid solution NbxTi1-xO2+δ has been synthesized by a sol−gel method with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1. Structural and microstructural properties have been studied by XPS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM as a function of the Nb/Ti atomic ratio and thermal treatment temperature (600−900 °C). XRD analyses showed that a percentage of the nominal added Nb was assimilated in substitutional Ti sites in the bulk of TiO2 adopting a pentavalent state. On the other hand, XPS detected a high concentration of Nb at the surface. On the basis of the careful analysis of the XRD and XPS spectra it is reasonable to assume that the concentration of Nb at the surface of the nanoparticles is higher than that in the bulk, especially for rutile, giving a U-shaped Nb concentration profile. The niobium incorporation stabilizes the titania obstructing the diffusion of anatase-type surface atoms, which prevents grain coarsening and phase transformation. The solubility limit of niobium into titania is greater for the anatase phase (x > 0.1) than for the rutile phase (x = 0.06). Once the solubility limit of Nb atoms is surpassed, a ternary phase ascribed to TiNb2O7 has been detected. In addition, the crystallite sizes and the percentage of rutile phase were quite similar for Nb contents above the solubility limit. XRD and XPS measurements suggest that niobium mainly enters into titania phase with valence +5, while Ti maintains its higher oxidation state (4+), the extra charge being thus partially compensated by titanium vacancies. As derived from XPS analyses in the core levels and the valence band regions, the addition of Nb resulted in a displacement of the Fermi level toward the conduction band. In consequence, the Nb-altered samples presented a more marked n-type feature, as compared with that of the bare TiO2.
The Preparation of Some Aryl Aminoalkyl Sulfides and Sulfones<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Aryl Aminoalkyl Sulfides and Sulfones1,2Louis F. Cason and Calvin C. WanserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 142–145Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Expeditious Nazarov Cyclization Strategy toward the Hydroazulene Core of Guanacastepene A (2004)

The hydroazulene core of guanacastepene A has been synthesized in five steps from commercially available starting materials using a classical Nazarov cyclization to install the stereochemistry in the cyclopentanone diastereoselectively. In the presence or absence of Lewis bases, a hydroazulenone or a spirocyclic ketone generated via a novel Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement is obtained with excellent selectivity and yield.
Modulation of P-Glycoprotein by Protein Kinase C.alpha. in a Baculovirus Expression System (1994)

The modulation of P-glycoprotein by protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha) was examined in a baculovirus expression system. PGP was phosphorylated in membrane vesicle preparations in vitro only when coexpressed with PKC alpha, and phosphorylation was Ca(2+)-dependent and inhibited by the PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220. PGP and PKC alpha were tightly associated in membrane vesicles and were coimmunoprecipitated with antibodies against either PGP or PKC alpha. Photoaffinity labeling of membrane vesicles with [3H]azidopine indicated that drug binding to PGP was slightly increased in the presence of PKC alpha. In contrast, PGP ATPase activity was increased by PKC alpha as well as by verapamil, but only PKC-stimulated activity in the presence of verapamil was inhibited by Ro 31-8220. Mutation of serine-671 to asparagine in the linker region of PGP abolished PKC alpha-stimulated ATPase activity, and also inhibited to a lesser degree verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity. These results indicate that PKC alpha in a positive regulator of PGP ATPase activity and suggest that this mechanism may account for the increased multidrug resistance observed in MDR1-expressing cells when PKC alpha activity is elevated.
Reduction-gas chromatographic determination of cyclic monomer and oligomers in polyamides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction-gas chromatographic determination of cyclic monomer and oligomers in polyamidesSadao. Mori, Motohisa. Furusawa, and Tsugio. TakeuchiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 6, 661–662Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60288a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (242 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Spontaneous Neuronal Activity in Developing Neocortical Networks: From Single Cells to Large-Scale Interactions (2016)

Neuronal activity has been shown to be essential for the proper formation of neuronal circuits, affecting developmental processes like neurogenesis, migration, programmed cell death, cellular differentiation, formation of local and long-range axonal connections, synaptic plasticity or myelination. Accordingly, neocortical areas reveal distinct spontaneous and sensory-driven neuronal activity patterns already at early phases of development. At embryonic stages, when immature neurons start to develop voltage-dependent channels, spontaneous activity is highly synchronized within small neuronal networks and governed by electrical synaptic transmission. Subsequently, spontaneous activity patterns become more complex, involve larger networks and propagate over several neocortical areas. The developmental shift from local to large-scale network activity is accompanied by a gradual shift from electrical to chemical synaptic transmission with an initial excitatory action of chloride-gated channels activated by GABA, glycine and taurine. Transient neuronal populations in the subplate (SP) support temporary circuits that play an important role in tuning early neocortical activity and the formation of mature neuronal networks. Thus, early spontaneous activity patterns control the formation of developing networks in sensory cortices, and disturbances of these activity patterns may lead to long-lasting neuronal deficits.
Providing time- and space- efficient procedure calls for asynchronous software thread integration (2004)

Asynchronous Software Thread Integration (ASTI) provides fine-grain concurrency in real-time threads by statically scheduling (integrating) code from primary threads into secondary threads, reducing the context switching needed and allowing recovery of fine-grain idle time. Unlike STI, ASTI allows asynchronous thread progress.Current ASTI techniques do not support procedure calls in the secondary thread because they lead to timing conflicts during static scheduling. ASTI requires knowing the secondary thread's instruction execution schedule to guide placement of real-time instructions from the primary thread. A secondary thread procedure called from multiple sites will have ambiguous timing at compile time.In this paper we remove this constraint using both procedure inlining and cloning. We present a formal approach to choosing a subset of calls to inline and to remove the timing conflicts in the remaining call sites in an efficient fashion. Excessive inlining and cloning both lead to code size explosion, while poor choices in timing conflict elimination slow program execution. The cloned threads show a significant speedup when compared to non-cloned versions yet have low code expansion. The techniques presented here have been implemented in our post-pass compiler Thrint and demonstrated on a benchmark suite of secondary threads representative of low-end embedded systems.
Alternative Approach to the Problem of Producing Controlled Thermonuclear Power (1963)

Received 4 November 1963DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.535©1963 American Physical Society
Transduction of group I mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity by β-arrestin2 signalling (2016)

Conventional signalling by the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, occurs through G-protein coupling, but evidence suggests they might also utilize other, non-canonical effector pathways. Here we test whether group I mGluRs require β-arrestin signalling during specific forms of plasticity at hippocampal excitatory synapses. We find that genetic ablation of β-arrestin2, but not β-arrestin1, results in deficits in plasticity mediated by mGlu1 receptors in CA3 pyramidal neurons and by mGlu5 receptors in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Pharmacological studies additionally support roles for Src kinases and MAPK/ERK downstream of β-arrestin2 in CA3 neurons. mGluR1 modulation of intrinsic conductances is otherwise preserved in β-arrestin2<sup>-/-</sup> mice with the exception of a rebound depolarization, and non-mGluR-mediated long-term potentiation is unaltered. These results reveal a signalling pathway engaged by group I mGluRs to effect changes in synaptic and cell intrinsic physiology dependent upon β-arrestin rather than G proteins. Pharmacological manipulation of mGluRs with effector-biased ligands could lead to novel therapies to treat neurological disease.
Adhesion Molecules: Function and Inhibition (2007)

Inflammatory cell recruitment requires the concerted action of at least five major sets of adhesion molecules: integrins, immunoglobulin-like molecules, selectins, carbohydrate structures serving as s
Molecular cloning of the temperature-inducible outer membrane protein 1 of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (1984)

When Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is shifted from growth at 26 degrees C to growth at 37 degrees C, the synthesis of a plasmid-associated outer membrane protein, protein 1, is induced (Bölin et al., Infect. Immun. 37:506-512). The structural gene of this protein was found to be located on the virulence plasmid pIB1 of Y. pseudotuberculosis. One cosmid hybrid plasmid pBW8 was studied which carried a region of the virulence plasmid. This hybrid plasmid expressed in Escherichia coli K-12 a novel temperature-inducible outer membrane protein which is immunologically related to and has the same molecular weight as protein 1. Protein 1 was purified to homogeneity, and 14 amino acids of the N-terminal end were determined. From this sequence, the tentative corresponding DNA sequence was deduced, and a set of 11-nucleotide-long DNA probes was chemically synthesized. By using these probes in Southern blotting experiments, the genetic location of the N-terminal end of protein 1 was established. By introducing the transposon Tn5 into the virulence plasmid pIB1, mutants were obtained that did not express protein 1. One class of these mutants was still Ca2+ dependent and virulent, suggesting that protein 1 is not a major virulence determinant. Tn5-derived insertion mutants were also obtained which were Ca2+ independent. Such mutants were found to be avirulent. One Ca2+-independent mutant still expressed protein 1, indicating that the regulatory expression of protein 1 is not linked to Ca2+ dependence.
Intelligent Decision Support for Family Financial Planning (2006)

In today’s financial markets characterized by constantly changing tax laws and increasingly complex transactions, the demand for family financial planning (FFP) services is rising dramatically. However, the current trend to develop advisory systems that focus mainly on the financial or investment side fails to consider the whole picture of FFP. Separating financial or investment advice from legal and accounting advice may result in conflicting advice or important omissions that could lead to users suffering financial loss. In this paper, we propose a conceptual model for FFP decision-making process, followed by a novel architecture to support an aggregated FFP decision process by utilizing intelligent-agents and Web-services technology. A prototype system for supporting FFP decision is presented to demonstrate the advances of the proposed Web-service multi-agents-based system architecture and business value.
A theory for coupling gridded gun design with PPM focussing (1984)

This paper presents theoretical and experimental methods for the design and optimization of gridded Pierce electron guns. The design of periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focussing systems to control the nonlaminar beams originating from such grided guns is discussed. Simplified relationships are developed which directly couple the, heretofore separate, gun and PPM focusing design problems.
Written and multimodal representations as predictors of expertise and problem-solving success in mathematics (2013)

One aim of multimodal learning analytics is to analyze rich natural communication modalities to identify domain expertise and learning rapidly and reliably. In this research, written and multimodal representations are analyzed from the Math Data Corpus, which involves multimodal data (digital pen, speech, images) on collaborating students as they solve math problems. Findings reveal that in 96-97% of cases the correctness of a group's solution was predictable in advance based on students' written work content. In addition, a linear regression revealed that 65% of the variance in individual students' domain expertise rankings could be accounted for based on their written work content. A multimodal content analysis based on both written and spoken input correctly predicted the dominant domain expert in a group 100% of the time, exceeding unimodal prediction rates. Further analysis revealed a reversal between experts and non-experts in the percentage of time that a match versus mismatch was present between their oral and written answer contributions, with non-experts demonstrating higher mismatches. Implications are discussed for developing reliable multimodal learning analytics systems that incorporate digital pen input to automatically track consolidation of domain expertise.
Insecticide sprays, natural enemy assemblages and predation on Asian citrus psyllid,<i>Diaphorina citri</i>(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2014)

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is considered a key citrus pest due to its role as vector of 'huanglongbing' (HLB) or citrus greening, probably the most economically damaging disease of citrus. Insecticidal control of the vector is still considered a cornerstone of HLB management to prevent infection and to reduce reinoculation of infected trees. The severity of HLB has driven implementation of intensive insecticide programs against ACP with unknown side effects on beneficial arthropod fauna in citrus agroecosystems. We evaluated effects of calendar sprays directed against this pest on natural enemy assemblages and used exclusion to estimate mortality they imposed on ACP populations in citrus groves. Predator exclusion techniques were used on nascent colonies of D. citri in replicated large untreated and sprayed plots of citrus during the four major flushing periods over 2 years. Population of spiders, arboreal ants and ladybeetles were independently assessed. Monthly sprays of recommended insecticides for control of ACP, adversely affected natural enemy populations resulting in reduced predation on ACP immature stages, especially during the critical late winter/early spring flush. Consequently, projected growth rates of the ACP population were greatest where natural enemies had been adversely affected by insecticides. Whereas, this result does not obviate the need for insecticidal control of ACP, it does indicate that even a selective regimen of sprays can impose as yet undetermined costs in terms of reduced biological control of this and probably other citrus pests.
Grafting onto carbon black by the reaction of reactive carbon black having masked isocyanate or acyl azide group with functional polymers (1988)

Abstract Although isocyanate group (NCO) introduced onto carbon black surface was inactivated rapidly upon storage, it could be stabilized by masking the NCO group with active hydrogen compounds such as acetylacetone, diethyl malonate, and sodium hydrogensulfite. Upon heating these carbon blacks having masked NCO group at 150°C, the NCO group was regenerated on carbon black by the decomposition of the masked NCO group. On the other hand, acyl azide (CON 3 ) group introduced onto carbon black was stable at below 20°C, but readily decomposed to NCO group by heating. By means of the reaction of NCO group on carbon black with functional polymers having hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl group, these polymers were effectively grafted onto carbon black surface. When carbon black having CON 3 group was used as reactive carbon black, the grafting ratio of diol‐type polyethylene glycol ( M n = 8.2 × 10 3 ), polyethyleneimine ( M n = 2.0 × 10 4 ), polyvinyl alcohol ( M n = 2.2 × 10 4 ), and bifunctional carboxyl‐terminated polystyrene ( M n = 1.1 × 10 5 ) was determined to be 29.7, 81.7, 32.2, and 50.4%, respectively. The number of grafted polymer chain decreases with an increase in molecular weight of the polymers, because the shielding effect of NCO group by grafted polymer chain is enhanced with an increase in molecular weight of the polymer.
Process Synchronization with Readers and Writers Revisited (2005)

The readers-writers problem is one of the very well known problems in concurrency theory. It was first introduced by Courtois et.al. in 1971 [1] and requires the synchronization of processes trying to read and write a shared resource. Several readers are allowed to access the resource simultaneously, but a writer must be given exclusive access to that resource. Courtois et.al. gave semaphore-based solutions to what they called the first and second readers-writers problems. Both of their solutions are prone to starvation. The first allows readers to indefinitely lock out writers and the second allows writers to indefinitely lock out readers. This paper presents and proves correct a third semaphore-based solution, which is starvation-free for both reader and writer processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fair semaphore-based solution that at the same time allows several readers to access the resource simultaneously.
EPIZOIC LIMPETS ON THE BLACK TURBAN SNAIL TEGULA-FUNEBRALIS (1975)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
A new topology of 3-phase PWM AC/DC interleaved converter for telecommunication supply systems (2002)

This paper deals with analysis of a new topology for an interleaved converter with application to telecommunication systems, typically 3-phase, 220 V ac input and 10 kW and 48 V DC output. The interleaved converter consists of two unidirectional four-leg semi-converters with four active switches in each of the semi-converters. A fourth wire (an artificial neutral point) is formed up locally using an L-C network to eliminate the need of a neutral conductor and this also prevents the flow of triplen harmonics through the phase wires. The fourth leg of each of the semi-converters is connected to this artificial neutral conductor. The interleaved converter has several advantages including shoot through free leg structure, a reduced number of active switches, reduced cost, increased reliability, improved performance and the elimination of triplen and even harmonics. The typical steady state and transient performance results confirm the feasibility of the structure.
A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. (1980)

This article presents a model of reading comprehension that accounts for the allocation of eye fixations of college students reading scientific passages. The model deals with processing at the level of words, clauses, and text units. Readers make longer pauses at points where processing loads are greater. Greater loads occur while readers are accessing infrequent words, integrating information from important clauses, and making inferences at the ends of sentences. The model accounts forthe gaze duration on each word of text as a function of the involvement of the various levels of processing. The model is embedded in a theoretical framework capable of accommodating the flexibility of reading.
Tularemia Outbreak Investigation in Kosovo: Case Control and Environmental Studies (2002)

A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation.