gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Severity of Huanglongbing and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Titer among Field-infected Citrus Cultivars (2011)

Incidence and severity of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease were assessed in Apr. 2010 among eight citrus cultivars representing diverse scion types growing in commercial groves in Florida's Indian River region, an area with a high incidence of HLB. In each grove, 20 trees of each cultivar were rated for visual HLB symptoms and leaves were collected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the presumptive causal agent of HLB. There was a strong correlation between HLB rating and CLas titer (titer represented by Ct, r 2 = 0.37 and 0.40, for whole tree and leaf sample, respectively, both with P < 0.0001) across all cultivars and groves. Although incidence and severity of HLB varied considerably among the groves, scion-specific differences were apparent, even when analyses excluded potentially confounding grove effects. ‘Temple’ tangor showed the most consistently low incidence of HLB symptoms and CLas titer; in contrast, ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Minneola’ tangelo had the highest incidence of HLB symptoms and highest CLas titer. These results suggest useful resistance to HLB with reduced symptoms and reduced CLas titer may be found in conventional scion cultivars and further work is needed to assess this potential and its commercial value.
Treatment of Fractures in Tubular Bones by the Volkov-Oganesyan Repositioning-Compression Apparatus (1984)

The hinged compression external fixation device of Volkov and Oganesyan is widely used in Eastern Europe. The device facilitates repositioning, provides stable fixation, and permits early ambulation and weight-bearing.
A New Photoactivatable Reagent Capable of Transferring a Radiolabel to Target Proteins. Application to the Human Growth Hormone−Rat Liver Prolactin Receptor Interaction (1998)

A new photoactivatable cross-linking reagent, 1-(2'-dithiopyridyl)-2-(5'-azidosalicylamido)ethane (ASDPE), was synthesized. This probe can be easily labeled with 125I in the azidosalicylamido ring and contains an activated disulfide bridge. After reaction of [125I]ASDPE with proteins, the radiolabeled moiety of the probe becomes attached to cysteine residues. Upon partial reduction of human growth hormone (hGH) with dithiothreitol, its C-terminal disulfide bond between residues 182 and 189 was cleaved and the nascent thiol groups were modified with [125I]ASDPE to yield [125I]ASET-hGH [1-(thio-hGH)-2-(3'-[125I]iodo-5'-azidosalicylamido)ethane]. After binding of this hormone derivative to rat liver microsomes, followed by photolysis and subsequent reduction of disulfide bridges, the specific transfer of the radiolabeled moiety to prolactin receptor (PRL-R) was achieved. Partial purification of the radiolabeled receptor by size exclusion chromatography was performed. We anticipate that [125I]ASDPE will be generally useful in pursuing structural and functional studies of target proteins which interact specifically with protein ligands.
Obtención de silicio por reducción de si o2 con aluminio (1984)

En el presente trabajo se ha obtenido silicio por aluminotermia a partir de arena y se ha analizado mediante tres técnicas diferentes. La espectroscopia Auger revela una fuerte concentración de aluminio no aleado y por lo tanto susceptible de ser eliminado por tratamientos ácidos. El análisis con microsonda electrónica muestra una concentración volumétrica mayor al 99% Finalmente, el parámetro de red determinado por difracción de rayos X es 5,4306 (5) A el cual corresponde apreciablemente al característico para el Silicio.
Thermodynamics of gas solubilities in molten polymers (1979)

Abstract Perturbed‐hard‐chain theory is extended to mixtures of polymers and volatile fluids, including supercritical gases. This extension is used to derive an expression for Henry's constant for a solute in a molten polymer. Theoretical calculations and data reduction are reported for a variety of solutes in polyethylene, polyisobutylene, and poly(dimethyl siloxane) in the temperature region 25–300°C. Calculated Henry's constants and their temperature dependence are generally in good agreement with the limited experimental data now available.
Multiple origins of the mtDNA 9‐bp deletion in populations of South India (1999)

The origins and genetic affinities of the more than 500 tribal populations living in South Asia are widely disputed. This may reflect differential contributions that continental populations have made to tribal groups in South Asia. We assayed for the presence of the intergenic COII/tRNALys 9-bp deletion in human mtDNA in 646 individuals from 12 caste and 14 tribal populations of South India and compared them to individuals from Africa, Europe, and Asia. The 9-bp deletion is observed in four South Indian tribal populations, the Irula, Yanadi, Siddi, and Maria Gond, and in the Nicobarese. Length polymorphisms of the 9-bp motif are present in the Santal, Khonda Dora, and Jalari, all of whom live in a circumscribed region on the eastern Indian coast. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA control region sequence from individuals with the 9-bp deletion indicate that it has arisen independently in some Indian tribal populations. Other 9-bp deletion haplotypes are likely to be of Asian and African origin, implying multiple origins of the 9-bp deletion in South India. These results demonstrate varying genetic affinities of different South Indian tribes to continental populations and underscore the complex histories of the tribal populations living in South Asia. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:147–158, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reduction of speckle contrast in multimode fibers using piezoelectric vibrator (2014)

We experimentally investigate a technique to reduce speckle contrast in multimode fibers by using a piezoelectric vibrator. The speckle patterns in multimode fiber are attributed to the interference between the propagation modes of the fiber. If the optical fiber is externally vibrated, the output pattern is modulated due to mode couplings of the propagation modes. In this experiment, a part of fiber was fixed on the piezoelectric plate and applied high frequency oscillations. It was clearly observed that the speckle contrast of the output pattern was dramatically reduced by applying vibration. We investigated the factors which affect the speckle contrast, such as core diameter, fiber bending radius, shape of fiber core, exposure time of camera, etc. We found that non-circular shaped core fiber might be more effective to reduce speckle contrast in multimode fibers.
Oil organogels: the fat of the future? (2009)

Organogelation of edible oils using food-derived ceramides may represent a viable non-conventional strategy for structuring liquid oils into semisolid fats without the use of saturated or trans fats.
Comparison of Early and Late Toxic Effects of Sulfur Mustard in Iranian Veterans (2006)

Sulfur mustard is an alkylating agent that reacts with ocular, respiratory, cutaneous, and bone marrow tissues, resulting in early and late toxic effects. We compare these effects based on the experience in Iranian veterans exposed to the agent during the Iran-Iraq conflict (1983-88). The first clinical manifestations of sulfur mustard poisoning occurred in the eyes with a sensation of grittiness, lacrimation, photophobia, blepharospasm, and corneal ulceration. Respiratory effects appeared as rhinorhea, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, and dyspnoea. Skin lesions varied from erythema to bullous necrotization. Initial leukocytosis and lymphopenia returned to normal within four weeks in recovered patients, but marked cytopenia with bone marrow failure occurred in fatal cases. Late toxic effects of sulfur mustard were most commonly found in lungs, skin and eyes. Main respiratory complications were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, asthma, large airway narrowing, and pulmonary fibrosis. Late skin lesions were hyperpigmentation, dry skin, atrophy, and hypopigmentation. Fifteen of the severely intoxicated patients were diagnosed with delayed keratitis, having corneal vascularization, thinning, and epithelial defect. Respiratory complications exacerbated over time, while cutaneous and ocular lesions decreased or remained constant. Both the severity and frequency of bronchiectatic lesions increased during long-term follow-up. The only deteriorating cutaneous complication was dry skin. The maximum incidence of delayed kaeratitis was observed 15 to 20 years after initial exposure. Being suggested as the main cause ofassociated with malignancies and recurrent infections, natural killer cells were significantly lower 16 to 20 years after intoxication.
Empirical treatment with pantoprazole as a diagnostic tool for symptomatic adult laryngopharyngeal reflux (2011)

Our results suggest that intensive empirical treatment with proton pump inhibitors is effective in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Lithographic antennas for submillimeter and infrared frequencies (2002)

The paper presents a semi-tutorial review of lithographic feed antennas, with an emphasis on issues that become important at extremely high frequencies. One of the most fundamental facts about antennas deposited on a dielectric substrate is that they couple primarily into the dielectric half-space rather than into the air. The stronger coupling into the dielectric implies that some special form of substrate geometry is required in order to achieve high coupling efficiencies. A number of substrate lens geometries are investigated, as well as thin membranes and micromachined horns. The basic geometric configurations of commonly used lithographic antennas, including elementary dipoles and slots, broadband double-dipole and double-slots, and the very broadband bowtie, equiangular spiral, and log-periodic antennas are examined. Some basic facts are reviewed about the antenna pattern and frequency-dependent impedance of these devices. Some issues, particularly the finite surface impedance of thin metallic films, which are specific to very high frequencies are considered. Experiments performed at MST to explore the capabilities and limitations of antenna-coupling at frequencies as high as 30 THz (10 /spl mu/m wavelength) are also described.
Hardware and Software Design of the Microthrust Power and Control System (2014)

The Microthrust project aims to deliver an efficient and scalable electric propulsion system for very small form factor satellites. For this aim, a thruster chip (THC) is being developed at EPFL, Switzerland, that uses a strong electric field to accelerate charged particles from hollow ‘needles’. The particles are emitted from the propellant, a liquid that consists of positive and negative ions. To propel these charged particles, both an ‘extraction voltage’ is needed that extract the particles from the liquid and an ‘accelerator voltage’ that accelerates and focuses the beam. A small form factor of 80x80x20mm is required for the power and control system (PCS) to generate these voltages and control the THC. The voltage of the accelerator plane is defined as 0V while a voltage is applied to the ‘particle emitter’, so in fact an emitter voltage and an extraction voltage are generated. The emitter voltage, which is typically between 3kV and 4kV, is generated using a Royer circuit combined with a voltage doubler. The Royer circuit generates an AC voltage from 12V DC input through a self-oscillating circuit that is fed in a transformer. A doubler circuit doubles and rectifies this output. To regulate the output voltage, the 12V supply of the Royer circuit is periodically interrupted using a 16kHz PWM signal, which is generated by a microcontroller. The controller continuously monitors the emitter voltage and adjusts the PWM signal accordingly based on PID control software. As efficiency was initially not good, a lot of effort has been spent to improve this circuit which eventually succeeded using a careful component selection Extraction voltage is generated from the emitter voltage by using a controllable resistor divider. This is possible since the extractor plane of the thruster chip should not draw a current. The control of this bypass is a similar, but not identical, to the PID control for the emitter voltage. As the spacecraft needs to remain electrically neutral, both a positive and negative stream of particles needs to be emitted simultaneously. Functionality was therefore split among two boards, one creating two opposite emitter voltages of up to 4kV and the other creating up to four extraction voltages. Communication between boards was done using a serial bus and a state machine as command parser. A graphical user interface on a PC allows user control of the PCS. The PCS is able to produce two opposite emitter voltages and four extractor voltages on two 80x80mm boards with an efficiency of >50% above 1W. The accuracy requirement (1%) and ripple regarding the emitter voltage has been met, but that of the extraction voltage (0.1%) not fully. We were able to successfully generate thrust using our PCS and the microthrust thruster chip.
Detection of ζ-globin chains in the cord blood by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay): Rapid screening for α-thalassemia 1 (Southeast Asian type) (1998)

Fetuses with homozygous alpha-thalassemia 1, in which the deletion of all four alpha-globin genes results in the absence of any alpha-globin chains, are severely anemic with clinical features of hydrops fetalis. Definitive diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia 1 carriers is difficult since there are few red cell abnormalities. Recently Chui et al. found that minute amounts of embryonic zeta-globin chains are present in adult hemoglobin of the Southeast Asian type of alpha-thalassemia 1 carriers. In this study, we screened 521 cord bloods for alpha-thalassemia 1. Hemoglobin analysis, including quantitation of Hb Bart's, was performed using the automated HPLC, alpha-thalassemia short program (VARIANT, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Of these, 200 cord blood samples in which Hb Bart's was demonstrated were tested for the presence of zeta-globin chains by ELISA using labeled anti-zeta monoclonal antibody. Zeta-globin ranged between 0.21 and 0.83% in 19 specimens carrying alpha-thalassemia 1 gene. In the remaining 90 out of 109 specimens in which Hb Bart's was greater than 1.2%, zeta-globin was less than 0.17%. DNA analysis revealed the presence of normal alpha-genotype and other types of alpha-thalassemia including alpha-thalassemia 2 and Hb Constant Spring. One false positive was found in which the zeta-globin was 0.25% by ELISA but in which PCR indicated an alpha-thalassemia 2 heterozygote. Ninety-one samples with Hb Bart's of less than 1.2% by HPLC are most likely normal with a zeta-globin range between 0 and 0.14%. This study also showed that the frequency of alpha-thalassemia 1 in Bangkok is 3.65%.
Regioselective and Stereospecific Azidation of 1,2- and 1,3-Diols by Azidotrimethylsilane via a Mitsunobu Reaction (1999)

A one-pot regio- and stereospecific azidation reaction of 1,2- and 1,3-diols with azidotrimethylsilane (Me3SiN3) via a Mitsunobu reaction has been achieved. With 1,2- and 1,3-diols, the reaction of triphenylphosphine, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, and Me3SiN3 in dichloromethane gave regioselective azidation at C-2 and C-3, respectively, in good yield (74−90% combined yield of 1a + 1b or of 2a + 2b). However, application of the same reaction conditions to a 1,4-diol led to the exclusive formation of the cyclic ether. The regioselectivity of this one-pot reaction is influenced by the solvent, the degree of steric bulk at C-2 of the 1,2-diol or at C-3 of the 1,3-diol, and the presence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups near the secondary carbinol carbon. This selectivity is discussed in terms of the mechanistic model proposed by Mathieu-Pelta and Evans (Mathieu-Pelta, I.; Evans, S. A., Jr. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3409−3413), which involves reaction of the dioxaphospholane intermediate with Me3SiN3 to form oxyphosphonium ions 4 and 5.
A 670-GHz 4 × 2 Oscillator–Radiator Array Achieving 7.4-dBm EIRP in 40-nm CMOS (2021)

A 670-GHz terahertz source array is implemented in 40-nm bulk CMOS technology. To increase the frequency and power of the source, a compact and 1-D scalable oscillator–radiator topology that works on the third harmonic is proposed. In order to avoid the gate transistor node from loading the tank at the output frequency, a filtering feedback network is used to feed through the fundamental signal while filtering the third harmonic. The source consists of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillator cells with different common- and differential-mode coupling mechanisms that are built into the slotline resonant tanks. These slotlines build up an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -field pattern that radiates the signal to the far-field. The chip is assembled on a hyperhemispherical lens that suppresses substrate modes and further increases the directivity of the source. The full array and pads have a die size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.75\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The source can be tuned in the range of 660.8–676.6 GHz. It has a maximum measured EIRP of 7.4 dBm and −16.1 dBm radiated output power while consuming only 99.7 mW. The source also has a measured phase noise at 1- and 10-MHz offsets of −69 and −93 dBc/Hz, respectively.
A Multifunctional Microcontroller Device Which Can be Connected to RS232 Hub (2006)

We present a microcontroller device with two slots for chip card reading which can control two electrical locks. It also makes possible two way communication and enables command giving by infra LED's. The same twin lead is used for device supply and for exchanging data with the central computer. The device is intended as a peripheral device for registration and process control purposes in multiprocessor systems with a simple RS232 hub.
RNA splicing is required to make the messenger RNA for a variant surface antigen in trypanosomes (1982)

The expression of the gene for variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) 118 in Trypanosoma brucei is activated by transposing a DNA segment containing the gene and 1-2 kb in front of it to an expression site elsewhere in the genome. By S1 nuclease protection and RNA blotting experiments we show here the presence of several minor transcripts in trypanosomes synthesizing VSG 118, one of which covers the entire transposed segment. Comparison of the sequence of the 5' terminal segment of VSG 118 messenger RNA (mRNA), determined by primed reverse transcription, and the corresponding region of the 118 VSG gene, shows that the 5' terminal 34 nucleotides of the mRNA are not encoded in the 118 VSG gene contiguous with the remainder of the mRNA. We conclude that synthesis of a VSG mRNA involves splicing of a much longer primary transcript, which may start outside the transposed segment.
Network Security Principles and Practices (2002)

From the Publisher:
Design and Implementation recommendations for secure network infrastructures and CCIE preparation

Prepare for the CCIE Security exam with a thorough explanation of key network security topics Written by a CCIE who helped create the new CCIE Security Recertification Exam Expert level, practical advice for securing a variety of network environments Includes implementation advice that illustrates the concepts in real-world settings


Network Security Principles and Practices is a comprehensive guide to network security threats and the policies and tools developed specifically to combat those threats. Starting with a general discussion of network security concepts and design philosophy, the book shows readers how they can build secure network architectures from the ground up. Taking a practical, applied approach to building security into networks, the book focuses on showing readers how to implement and verify security features and products in a variety of environments. Security aspects of routing protocols are discussed and various options for choosing and using them analyzed. The book goes into a detailed discussion of the security threats posed by increasingly prevalent LAN to LAN Virtual Private Networks and remote access VPN installations and how to minimize large vulnerabilities caused by these non-traditional network portals. Firewalls, including the PIX and IOS firewalls, and underlying protocols are presented in depth. Intrusion Detection, is fully examined. The book shows the reader how to control dial-in access by setting up access servers with AAA, PPP, Tacacs+, and Radius. Finally, protections at the service provider arediscussed by showing the reader how to provision security at the service provider level. All topics covered in the book are cross-referenced to Cisco implementations and case studies utilizing Cisco solutions are presented throughout.

Saadat Malik, CCIE #4955, is the manager of technical support for the VPN solutions team at Cisco Systems, and was a key participant in the recent development of the new CCIE Security Recertification Exam. Saadat holds a Masters degree in electrical engineering from Purdue University, as well as a Bachelors degree from GIK Institute in Pakistan.
NaCl-assisted one-step growth of MoS<sub>2</sub>–WS<sub>2</sub>in-plane heterostructures (2017)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable interest for exploration of next-generation electronics and optoelectronics in recent years. Fabrication of in-plane lateral heterostructures between TMDs has opened up excellent opportunities for engineering two-dimensional materials. The creation of high quality heterostructures with a facile method is highly desirable but it still remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate a one-step growth method for the construction of high-quality MoS<sub>2</sub>-WS<sub>2</sub> in-plane heterostructures. The synthesis was carried out using ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) with the assistance of sodium chloride (NaCl). It was found that the addition of NaCl played a key role in lowering the growth temperatures, in which the Na-containing precursors could be formed and condensed on the substrates to reduce the energy of the reaction. As a result, the growth regimes of MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> are better matched, leading to the formation of in-plane heterostructures in a single step. The heterostructures were proved to be of high quality with a sharp and clear interface. This newly developed strategy with the assistance of NaCl is promising for synthesizing other TMDs and their heterostructures.