gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity and regulation by growth factors of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (elongation factor 2-kinase) in human breast cancer (1998)

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III (CaM kinase III, elongation factor-2 kinase) is a unique member of the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase family. Activation of CaM kinase III leads to the selective phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) and transient inhibition of protein synthesis. Recent cloning and sequencing of CaM kinase III revealed that this enzyme represents a new superfamily of protein kinases. The activity of CaM kinase III is selectively activated in proliferating cells; inhibition of the kinase blocked cells in G0/G1-S and decreased viability. To determine the significance of CaM kinase III in breast cancer, we measured the activity of the kinase in human breast cancer cell lines as well as in fresh surgical specimens. The specific activity of CaM kinase III in human breast cancer cell lines was equal to or greater than that seen in a variety of cell lines with similar rates of proliferation. The specific activity of CaM kinase III was markedly increased in human breast tumour specimens compared with that of normal adjacent breast tissue. The activity of this enzyme was regulated by breast cancer mitogens. In serum-deprived MDA-MB-231 cells, the combination of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated cell proliferation and activated CaM kinase III to activities observed in the presence of 10% serum. Inhibition of enzyme activity blocked cell proliferation induced by growth factors. In MCF-7 cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CaM kinase III was increased in S-phase over that of other phases of the cell cycle. In summary, the activity of Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase III is controlled by breast cancer mitogens and appears to be constitutively activated in human breast cancer. These results suggest that CaM kinase III may contribute an important link between growth factor/receptor interactions, protein synthesis and the induction of cellular proliferation in human breast cancer.
Comparison of CR36, a new heparan mimetic, and pentosan polysulfate in the treatment of prion diseases (2007)

Sulfated polyanions, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and heparan mimetics, number among the most effective drugs that have been used in experimental models of prion disease and are presumed to act in competition with endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycans as co-receptors for prion protein (PrP) on the cell surface. PPS has been shown to prolong the survival of animals after intracerebral perfusion and is in limited use for the experimental treatment of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Here, PPS is compared with CR36, a new heparan mimetic. Ex vivo, CR36 was more efficient than PPS in reducing PrPres in scrapie-infected cell cultures and showed long-lasting activity. In vivo, CR36 showed none of the acute toxicity observed with PPS and reduced PrPres accumulation in spleens, but had only a marginal effect on the survival time of mice infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In contrast, mice treated with PPS that survived the initial toxic mortality had no detectable PrPres in the spleens and lived 185 days longer than controls (+55%). These results show, once again, that anti-TSE drugs cannot be encouraged for human therapeutic trials solely on the basis of in vitro or ex vivo observations, but must first be subjected to in vivo animal studies.
Computational photography with plenoptic camera and light field capture: tutorial (2015)

Photography is a cornerstone of imaging. Ever since cameras became consumer products more than a century ago, we have witnessed great technological progress in optics and recording mediums, with digital sensors replacing photographic films in most instances. The latest revolution is computational photography, which seeks to make image reconstruction computation an integral part of the image formation process; in this way, there can be new capabilities or better performance in the overall imaging system. A leading effort in this area is called the plenoptic camera, which aims at capturing the light field of an object; proper reconstruction algorithms can then adjust the focus after the image capture. In this tutorial paper, we first illustrate the concept of plenoptic function and light field from the perspective of geometric optics. This is followed by a discussion on early attempts and recent advances in the construction of the plenoptic camera. We will then describe the imaging model and computational algorithms that can reconstruct images at different focus points, using mathematical tools from ray optics and Fourier optics. Last, but not least, we will consider the trade-off in spatial resolution and highlight some research work to increase the spatial resolution of the resulting images.
Speech sounds and features (1973)

This is a representative collection of the work of one of the world's leading scholars in the area of speech acoustics. It follows the development over the past 15 years of research presented in the author's previous publications on speech analysis, feature theory, and applications to language descriptions. Most of the articles have had very restricted distribution--many appearing only in the Quarterly Progress Reports issued by Dr. Fant's laboratory. The first part of the book covers manifold aspects of speech analysis such as instrumental techniques, spectrum data, formant statistics with an emphasis on Swedish vowels and stops, speaker dependencies, normalization procedures, production theory, and coarticulation. The second part analyzes established feature systems and suggests revisions and general discussions on the concept of distinctive features, perception, and the applicability of feature theory to automatic speech recognition. Articles in this part of the book are especially valuable because they represent Dr. Fant's work on inherent features and their phonetic correlates as it has evolved since his collaboration in 1952 with Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle. Speech Sounds and Features is the fourth volume in the series Current Studies in Linguistics.
Human α-defensins block papillomavirus infection (2006)

Sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Recent advances in techniques for production of papillomaviral vectors [known as pseudoviruses (PsVs)] have made it possible to perform high-throughput screens for compounds that might block the initial stages of papillomavirus infection. We have used PsVs to screen a variety of compounds that might function as inhibitors of HPV infection, with emphasis on human peptides previously implicated in innate antimicrobial immunity. Little is known about the possible activity of these peptides against nonenveloped viruses, such as HPVs. Our screen revealed that human alpha-defensins 1-3 [known as human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3] and human alpha-defensin 5 (HD-5) are potent antagonists of infection by both cutaneous and mucosal papillomavirus types. In contrast, human beta-defensins 1 and 2 displayed little or no anti-HPV activity. HD-5 was particularly active against sexually transmitted HPV types, with 50% inhibitory doses in the high ng/ml range. Microscopic studies of PsV inhibition by the alpha-defensins revealed that they block virion escape from endocytic vesicles but not virion binding or internalization. Consistent with this finding, PsVs remained susceptible to inhibition by alpha-defensins for many hours after initial binding to cells. HNPs 1-3 and HD-5 have been reported to be present in the female genital tract at levels that overlap those that inhibit HPVs in vitro, suggesting that they could present a natural barrier to the sexual transmission of HPV and could serve as the basis of a broad-spectrum topical microbicide.
Blind DOA Estimation Based on JADE Algorithm in Multi-path Environment (2010)

In this paper, we consider the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of multi-path propagation. The sensor elements are assumed to be linear and uniformly spaced. To solve this problem, we propose a two step approach to perform DOA estimation in the presence of coherent signals for a uniformly spaced linear array of sensors. First, the effective steering vectors are estimated using the JADE algorithm. Then, the modified forward-backward linear prediction (MFBLP) algorithm estimates the DOA using the estimated vectors. We summarize the algorithms herein and present Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrating the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
Cahiers de lexicologie. 2004-2, n° 85 (2012)

Les Cahiers de lexicologie, revue internationale de lexicologie et de lexicographie, s'intéressent au lexique dans ses relations avec les autres composantes de la langue (syntaxe, sémantique, morphologie, phonologie, discours…), tant du point de vue théorique que de leurs applications, notamment pour ce qui concerne le traitement informatique de la langue.
Geriatrics in canine and feline internal medicine. (1998)

The increasing life expectancy in humans--at least in the developed countries--including all medical, social, and political consequences is a generally accepted phenomenon at the end of this century. In earlier examinations it could be noticed that also in dogs and cats a remarkable increase of the life span seems to occur in the last 15 years (Beelitz 1988; Danckert and Kraft 1997; Davis 1996; Eichelberg and Seine 1996; Goldston 1989; Kraft 1978, 1990, 1997 a-c; Kraft and Danckert 1997; Kraft et al. 1989; Pauling 1990; Trimborn 1990). If this is true, it could have a series of consequences not only for the veterinary practice but also for the comparative medicine. The aim of this paper was to examine a population of dogs and cats to find out, if the life span of these companion animals really increases and the consequences it may have for medical care. The following criteria were examined: (1) the distribution of the age of the dogs and cats at their last presentation as out-patients (2) the change of the age at which the animals died on an average (3) the influence of the breed on the life expectancy (4) the relation of the sex and expectation of life (5) age related multimorbidity (6) the appearance of the most common organ diseases and functional disturbances during the life span
Mean circulatory filling pressure: its meaning and measurement (1993)

The volume-pressure relationship of the vasculature of the body as a whole, its vascular capacitance, requires a measurement of the mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmcf). A change in vascular capacitance induced by reflexes, hormones, or drugs has physiological consequences similar to a rapid change in blood volume and thus strongly influences cardiac output. The Pmcf is defined as the mean vascular pressure that exists after a stop in cardiac output and redistribution of blood, so that all pressures are the same throughout the system. The Pmcf is thus related to the fullness of the circulatory system. A change in Pmcf provides a uniquely useful index of a change in overall venous smooth muscle tone if the blood volume is not concomitantly changed. The Pmcf also provides an estimate of the distending pressure in the small veins and venules, which contain most of the blood in the body and comprise most of the vascular compliance. Thus the Pmcf, which is normally independent of the magnitude of the cardiac output, provides an estimate of the upstream pressure that determines the rate of flow returning to the heart.
Yeast and human genes that affect the <i>Escherichia coli</i> SOS response (1999)

The sequencing of the human genome has led to the identification of many genes whose functions remain to be determined. Because of conservation of genetic function, microbial systems have often been used for identification and characterization of human genes. We have investigated the use of the Escherichia coli SOS induction assay as a screen for yeast and human genes that might play a role in DNA metabolism and/or in genome stability. The SOS system has previously been used to analyze bacterial and viral genes that directly modify DNA. An initial screen of meiotically expressed yeast genes revealed several genes associated with chromosome metabolism (e.g., RAD51 and HHT1 as well as others). The SOS induction assay was then extended to the isolation of human genes. Several known human genes involved in DNA metabolism, such as the Ku70 end-binding protein and DNA ligase IV, were identified, as well as a large number of previously unknown genes. Thus, the SOS assay can be used to identify and characterize human genes, many of which may participate in chromosome metabolism.
Occurrence of Glutathione Sulphydryl (GSH) and Antioxidant Activities in Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (2004)

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and the effects of types of media and growth phase of the cells on the cellular GSH level have been determined. Correlation between reduced glutathione sulphydryl level and antioxidative ability of Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed: Lactobacillus casei HY 2782 contained 25.15 mole/g of GSH, the cellular GSH level of L. casei HY 2782 reached maximum after 24 h of cultivation and tended to decrease on further cultivation up to 72 h. There was a significantly higher level of cellular GSH when grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth than in tryptone phytone yeast extract (TPY) broth or bromcresol pruple dextrose (BCP) broth (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. have been shown to be significantly different among strains in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test (p<0.01). L. casei HY 2782 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 revealed a high degree of antioxidative effect in linoleic acid oxidation system. Spearmans' rank correlation coefficient between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was 0.65, which means a significant positive correlation. (
Highly selective tempo mediated oxidation of primary alcohol groups in polysaccharides (1994)

Abstract A method for the selective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl functions of polysaccharides is described. The oxidation is mediated by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and hypobromite is used as the regenerating oxidant. At pH 10.5–11 a selectivity of 98% for cold water soluble potato starch and >90% for dahlia inulin was found.
Electromechanical actuation of composite material from carbon nanotubes and ionomeric polymer (2004)

An actuating system composed of nafion ionomeric polymer coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes electrodes was studied as an electromechanical actuator. The actuator gives a sizable mechanical response to low voltages (turn-on voltage of approximately 2.5 V) under open-air conditions, i.e., in the absence of a surrounding supporting electrolyte. The actuator is active under both dc and ac bias and has a strong resonance at low frequencies which is dependent upon the size of the actuator. The actuator was studied using Fourier transform infrared and vis-NIR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and by the current-time response under an applied step voltage. An analytical model is proposed to understand the electrical behavior, which is consistent with the spectroscopic results.
Structure of a ribosomal protein gene in<i>Mucor racemosus</i> (1989)

As an extension of our analysis of the translational apparatus of Mucor racemosus we have isolated a gene encoding a ribosomal protein of Mucor. Based on a method developed for S. cerevisiae, we identified by hybrid selection and in vitro translation a lambda-Charon 4A clone containing the genomic copy of a Mucor ribosomal protein. The gene consisted of two exons of 57 and 387 nucleotides. The two exons were separated by an 131 nucleotide intron. The processed transcript was 714 nucleotides in length and contained a 25 nucleotide untranscribed leader and an 114 nucleotide untranscribed 3'-end. The protein predicted from the nucleotide sequence contained 148 amino acids and exhibited 61% identity with the S19 ribosomal protein of Xenopus laevis. The promoter region of the gene contained sequences highly homologous to the RPG and Homol1 promoter elements found in S. cerevisiae. Southern blot analysis indicated that the Mucor genome contains three copies of this gene.
Newly developed D-VHS digital tape recording system for the multimedia era (1996)

A new D-VHS system developed on the basis of the VHS video tape recording format has been developed for recording digital data compatible with digital broadcast systems. The system can handle a variety of digital formats to meet the diverse needs of multimedia applications.
Immunological Computation: Theory and Applications (2008)

Over the last decade, the field of immunological computation has progressed slowly and steadily as a branch of computational intelligence. Immunological Computation: Theory and Applications presents up-to-date immunity-based computational techniques. After a brief review of fundamental immunology concepts, the book presents computational models based on the negative selection process that occurs in the thymus. It then examines immune networks, including continuous and discrete immune network models, clonal selection, hybrid models, and computational models based on danger theory. The book also discusses real-world applications for all of the models covered in each chapter.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase from <i>Escherichia coli</i>:  Elucidation of the Kinetic Mechanism by Steady-State and Rapid-Reaction Studies (2001)

The flavoprotein methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH(2)-H(4)folate) to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH(3)-H(4)folate) using NADH as the source of reducing equivalents. The enzyme also catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH or CH(3)-H(4)folate to menadione, an artificial electron acceptor. Here, we have determined the midpoint potential of the enzyme-bound flavin to be -237 mV. We have examined the individual reductive and oxidative half-reactions constituting the enzyme's activities. In an anaerobic stopped-flow spectrophotometer, we have measured the rate constants of flavin reduction and oxidation occurring in each half-reaction and have compared these with the observed catalytic turnover numbers measured under steady-state conditions. We have shown that, in all cases, the half-reactions proceed at rates sufficiently fast to account for overall turnover, establishing that the enzyme is kinetically competent to catalyze these oxidoreductions by a ping-pong Bi-Bi mechanism. Reoxidation of the reduced flavin by CH(2)-H(4)folate is substantially rate limiting in the physiological NADH-CH(2)-H(4)folate oxidoreductase reaction. In the NADH-menadione oxidoreductase reaction, the reduction of the flavin by NADH is rate limiting as is the reduction of flavin by CH(3)-H(4)folate in the CH(3)-H(4)folate-menadione oxidoreductase reaction. We conclude that studies of individual half-reactions catalyzed by E. coli MTHFR may be used to probe mechanistic questions relevant to the overall oxidoreductase reactions.
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (2007)

In an ever-increasing domain of activity, Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins provides an annual compilation of the world's research effort into this important area of biological chemistry. Comprising a comprehensive review of significant developments at this biology/chemistry interface, each volume opens with an overview of amino acids and their applications. Work on peptides is reviewed over several chapters, ranging from current trends in their synthesis and conformational and structural analysis, to peptidomimetics and the discovery of peptide-related molecules in nature. The application of advanced techniques in structural elucidation is incorporated into all chapters, whilst periodic chapters on metal complexes of amino acids, peptides and beta-lactams extend the scope of coverage. Efficient searching of specialist topics is facilitated by the sub-division of chapters into discrete subject areas, allowing annual trends to be monitored. All researchers in the pharmaceutical and allied industries, and at the biology/chemistry interface in academia will find this an indispensable reference source. Volume 36 covers literature published during 2003.
Fixed network design of cellular mobile communication networks using genetic algorithms (2002)

This paper formulates the planning problem of fixed network of cellular mobile communication networks and suggests genetic algorithms for solving it. Cellular mobile communication networks are complex systems. Genetic algorithms are examined for optimizing the whole network. First, our genetic algorithm is introduced, i.e. specifying encoding mechanism, fitness function, selection technique, operators and generational cycle. Second, methods are investigated and analyzed for improving our genetic algorithm performance. Third, to demonstrate the functionality of our algorithm an example scenario is given. Fourth, advantages and disadvantages of our genetic algorithm are discussed, with special emphasis on open problems and possible directions for future research.
Human-robot collaborative manipulation planning using early prediction of human motion (2013)

In this paper we present a framework that allows a human and a robot to perform simultaneous manipulation tasks safely in close proximity. The proposed framework is based on early prediction of the human's motion. The prediction system, which builds on previous work in the area of gesture recognition, generates a prediction of human workspace occupancy by computing the swept volume of learned human motion trajectories. The motion planner then plans robot trajectories that minimize a penetration cost in the human workspace occupancy while interleaving planning and execution. Multiple plans are computed in parallel, one for each robot task available at the current time, and the trajectory with the least cost is selected for execution. We test our framework in simulation using recorded human motions and a simulated PR2 robot. Our results show that our framework enables the robot to avoid the human while still accomplishing the robot's task, even in cases where the initial prediction of the human's motion is incorrect. We also show that taking into account the predicted human workspace occupancy in the robot's motion planner leads to safer and more efficient interactions between the user and the robot than only considering the human's current configuration.
Analysis of Selective Metal-Salt-Induced Endotoxin Precipitation in Plasmid DNA Purification Using Improved Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Assay and Central Composite Design (2010)

Recent advancements in plasmid DNA (pDNA) production involve the development of innovative and cost-effective methods as well as reduced number of unit operations. This study investigates the feasibilities of using a metal salt to selectively remove endotoxins from clarified cell lysates containing plasmid DNA. Screening of endotoxin precipitation in various metal salt solutions and optimization of process conditions (pH, ion concentration, temperature, and incubation time) using central composite design experiments have been carried out successfully. Results show that selective endotoxin precipitation (<0.05 EU/μg) can economically be carried out during the alkaline cell lysis procedure (neutralization step) at a pH condition similar to that of alkaline-lysed cell lysate, a low ZnSO(4) concentration (0.5 M), a minimum incubation time (30 min), and a temperature of 15 °C. In summary, this method provides ease of subsequent plasmid DNA purification due to reduced bulk impurities and cost-effective and most importantly high endotoxin removal (>80%) and plasmid recovery (>90%).