gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulated Lanthanides as Luminescent Materials (2002)

Matrix excitation above the band-gap energy enables lanthanide ions in host–guest systems to be sensitized (see scheme; ET=energy transfer; REE=rare earth emission). The enhanced luminescence of the enclosed lanthanide ions gives characteristic linelike emission spectra.
Post‐translational modifications in the active site region of methyl‐coenzyme M reductase from methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea (2007)

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) catalyzes the methane-forming step in methanogenic archaea. Isoenzyme I from Methanothermobacter marburgensiswas shown to contain a thioxo peptide bond and four methylated amino acids in the active site region. We report here that MCRs from all methanogens investigated contain the thioxo peptide bond, but that the enzymes differ in their post-translational methylations. The MS analysis included MCR I and MCR II from Methanothermobacter marburgensis, MCR I from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Methanoculleus thermophilus, and MCR from Methanococcus voltae, Methanopyrus kandleri and Methanosarcina barkeri. Two MCRs isolated from Black Sea mats containing mainly methanotrophic archaea of the ANME-1 cluster were also analyzed.
A novel membrane-bound toxin for cell division, CptA (YgfX), inhibits polymerization of cytoskeleton proteins, FtsZ and MreB, in Escherichia coli (2012)

Nearly all free-living bacteria carry toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems on their genomes, through which cell growth and death are regulated. Toxins target a variety of essential cellular functions, including DNA replication, translation, and cell division. Here, we identified a novel toxin, YgfX, on the Escherichia coli genome. The toxin, consisting of 135 residues, is composed of the N-terminal membrane domain, which encompasses two transmembrane segments, and the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Upon YgfX expression, the cells were initially elongated and then the middle portion of the cells became inflated to form a lemon shape. YgfX was found to interact with MreB and FtsZ, two essential cytoskeletal proteins in E. coli. The cytoplasmic domain [YgfX(C)] was found to be responsible for the YgfX toxicity, as purified YgfX(C) was found to block the polymerization of FtsZ and MreB in vitro. YgfY, located immediately upstream of YgfX, was shown to be the cognate antitoxin; notably, YgfX is the first membrane-associating toxin in bacterial TA systems. We propose to rename the toxin and the antitoxin as CptA and CptB (for Cytoskeleton Polymerization inhibiting Toxin), respectively.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Mouse Gut Microbiota Diversity and T Cell Differentiation (2020)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the primary genera of the intestinal flora and have many probiotic functions. In the present study, <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG</i> (LGG) ATCC 53103 was used to treat BALB/c mice. After LGG intervention, both low and high LGG doses were shown to improve the observed OTU, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices, while the Simpson index decreased, demonstrating that LGG can promote intestinal microbiota abundance and diversity. Furthermore, LGG treatment increased the abundances of intestinal <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Actinomycetes</i> while reducing that of <i>Proteobacteria</i>. In addition to its effect on gut the microbiota, LGG could also regulate the host immune system. In the present study, we showed that LGG could affect the percentage of CD3<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes in the spleens (SPLs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), Peyer's patches (PPs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) of mice, including total CD3<sup>+</sup> T, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T, and CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes. Furthermore, LGG could effectively increase the expression of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4) in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, indicating that the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells in mice with LGG treatment was in a high equilibrium state compared to the control group. In addition, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was greater than 1 in mice with LGG intervention, suggesting that LGG tends to mediate the Th1 immune response. The results of the present study also showed that LGG upregulated the expression of IL-17 in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and regulated the percentage of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg cells in various secondary immunological organs, indicating that LGG may promote the balance of Th-17 and Treg cells.
Scavenger and time dependences of radicals and molecular products in the electron radiolysis of water: examination of experiments and models (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScavenger and time dependences of radicals and molecular products in the electron radiolysis of water: examination of experiments and modelsJay A. LaVerne and Simon M. PimblottCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 8, 3196–3206Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100161a044https://doi.org/10.1021/j100161a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Development of Active IR-Based Surgical Marker Tracking and Positioning Systems (2006)

This paper presents an active vision based space-positioning robot (AVBSPR) for surgical navigation applications. The development of the proposed navigation robot consists of a five-axis SCROBOT-ER VII Robot, a stereoscopic based eye-in-hand image capture module and a set of infrared (IR) based surgical marker emitters. To increase the navigation space and to determine the best image capture orientation, a fuzzy inference engine is constructed to dynamically track the moving surgical markers. On the other hand, the stereoscopic image coordinates are used to calculate the 3D space coordinates of the surgical markers for surgical navigation applications. Finally, a prototype system had been implemented, and several experimental tests had been done. The experimental results showed that the robot tracks the surgical markers well, and the positioning error is around 5 mm within 2000 mm distance operating ranges.
A bifunctional Δ<sup>6</sup>‐fatty acyl acetylenase/desaturase from the moss <i>Ceratodon purpureus</i> (2000)

Many plant genes have been cloned that encode regioselective desaturases catalyzing the formation of cis-unsaturated fatty acids. However, very few genes have been cloned that encode enzymes catalyzing the formation of the functional groups found in unusual fatty acids (e.g. hydroxy, epoxy or acetylenic fatty acids). Here, we describe the characterization of an acetylenase from the moss Ceratodon purpureus with a regioselectivity differing from the previously described Delta12-acetylenase. The gene encoding this protein, together with a Delta6-desaturase, was cloned by a PCR-based approach with primers derived from conserved regions in Delta5-, Delta6-fatty-acid desaturases and Delta8-sphingolipid desaturases. The proteins that are encoded by the two cloned cDNAs are likely to consist of a N-terminal extension of unknown function, a cytochrome b5-domain, and a C-terminal domain that is similar to acyl lipid desaturases with characteristic histidine boxes. The proteins were highly homologous in sequence to the Delta6-desaturase from the moss Physcomitrella patens. When these two cDNAs were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both transgenic yeast cultures desaturated Delta9-unsaturated C16- and C18-fatty acids by inserting an additional Delta6cis-double bond. One of these transgenic yeast clones was also able to introduce a Delta6-triple bond into gamma-linolenic and stearidonic acid. This resulted in the formation of 9,12,15-(Z,Z,Z)-octadecatrien-6-ynoic acid, the main fatty acid found in C. pupureus. These results demonstrate that the Delta6-acetylenase from C. pupureus is a bifunctional enzyme, which can introduce a Delta6cis-double bond into 9,12,(15)-C18-polyenoic acids as well as converting a Delta6cis-double bond to a Delta6-triple bond.
Aggregation Quenching of Luminescence in Electroluminescent Conjugated Polymers (1999)

We report measurements of photoluminescence from films of a soluble phenylenevinylene polymer that has prospective importance as the emissive material in light-emitting diodes. We show unambiguously that there is long-lived emission in this material due to excimers and estimate that the quantum yield for excimer formation is as high as 50%. Since excimers in this polymer largely decay nonradiatively at ambient temperature, their prominence serves to drastically reduce the possible efficiency of electroluminescent conjugated polymer devices.
Tbx3 controls the fate of hepatic progenitor cells in liver development by suppressing <i>p19ARF</i> expression (2008)

Although the T-box family of transcription factors function in many different tissues, their role in liver development is unknown. Here we show that Tbx3, the T-box gene that is mutated in human ulnar-mammary syndrome, is specifically expressed in multipotent hepatic progenitor cells, ;hepatoblasts', isolated from the developing mouse liver. Tbx3-deficient hepatoblasts presented severe defects in proliferation as well as uncontrollable hepatobiliary lineage segregation, including the promotion of cholangiocyte (biliary epithelial cell) differentiation, which thereby caused abnormal liver development. Deletion of Tbx3 resulted in the increased expression of the tumor suppressor p19(ARF) (Cdkn2a), which in turn induced a growth arrest in hepatoblasts and activated a program of cholangiocyte differentiation. Thus, Tbx3 plays a crucial role in controlling hepatoblast proliferation and cell-fate determination by suppressing p19(ARF) expression and thereby promoting liver organogenesis.
Misdiagnosis of ARVC leading to inappropriate ICD implant and subsequent ICD removal – lessons learned (2019)

This study demonstrated that high dependence on misinterpretation of CMR along with a misunderstanding of the TFC evaluation are the main reasons for the misdiagnosis of ARVC. Despite the updated criteria for almost a decade, this study reminds that the diagnosis of ARVC is complex and hence careful TFC evaluation and consideration of multiple cardiac test results should be the focused approach for clinicians when confronted with suspected ARVC patients.
The ALMT Gene Family Performs Multiple Functions in Plants (2018)

The aluminium activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene family is named after the first member of the family identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The product of this gene controls resistance to aluminium (Al) toxicity. ALMT genes encode transmembrane proteins that function as anion channels and perform multiple functions involving the transport of organic anions (e.g., carboxylates) and inorganic anions in cells. They share a PF11744 domain and are classified in the Fusaric acid resistance protein-like superfamily, CL0307. The proteins typically have five to seven transmembrane regions in the N-terminal half and a long hydrophillic C-terminal tail but predictions of secondary structure vary. Although widely spread in plants, relatively little information is available on the roles performed by other members of this family. In this review, we summarized functions of ALMT gene families, including Al resistance, stomatal function, mineral nutrition, microbe interactions, fruit acidity, light response and seed development.
A mathematics recovery: Program of intervention in early number learning (2003)

(2003). A mathematics recovery: Program of intervention in early number learning. Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 6-11.
Intratumoral injection of herpes simplex virus HF10 in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2006)

We have developed a novel replication-competent, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV), named HF10, and have evaluated its anticancer efficacy in a variety of animal models. We report a pilot study of intratumoral injection of HF10 into subcutaneous nodules in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HF10 efficiently infected human HNSCC cells and caused extensive tumor cell death without any significant adverse effects, suggesting that HF10 represents a promising therapy for HNSCC in humans. To assess the therapeutic potential of HF10 in human HNSCC, we performed a preliminary study of toxicity and efficacy in two patients with recurrent metastatic HNSCC. For each patient, a metastatic skin nodule was injected with HF10 once a day for 3 days. They were monitored for systemic adverse effects, and the injected nodules were excised at day 13 (patient 1) or day 15 (patient 2) after injection for histochemical examination. HF10 replicated, spread well in the tumor nodules, and caused cell death in a considerable population of tumor cells without any significant adverse effects.
Microphase Separation in Model 4-Miktoarm Star Copolymers of the AB<sub>3</sub> Type (1997)

The order−disorder transition has been studied in two AB3 miktoarm stars of styrene and isoprene with SAXS and rheology. A mean-field theory has been developed to treat the most general case of miktoarm stars: AmBn (m ≠ n) which provides the phase stability criteria and the static structure factor in the disordered phase. The theory predicts a maximum in the critical value of χNt (Nt = NA + nNB) as a function of the number of arms n in ABn, for n = 3. This maximum arises from a delicate balance between the stretching free energies of the A and B blocks forming the miktoarm stars. The theoretical predictions for the phase stability and the structure factor have been tested experimentally, using SAXS, and the interaction parameter has been extracted. The latter exhibits a weak T-dependence which is consistent with fluctuation effects near the transition. Further evidences for the existence of fluctuations at temperatures above and below the transition are provided by (i) the nonlinearity of the inverse peak intensity vs inverse temperature, in the disordered state, and (ii) the existence of metastable states in the ordered state. All SAXS peak parameters were discontinuous at the order-to-disorder transition, revealing a first-order transition.
Heterogeneity of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in France (1994)

The genotypes of French hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates were investigated by amplification of a domain from the non-structural region 3 (NS3) using nested PCR, followed by hybridization with two genotype-specific probes, F1 (HCV type I-specific) and F2 (HCV type II-specific). Among 119 HCV RNA-positive sera, 91% of samples were NS3 PCR positive. Most samples (83.2%) hybridized with one or the other probe only, whereas a few samples (4.2%) hybridized with both F1 and F2 probes (HB). A small percentage (3.4%) of samples appeared unable to hybridize with either probe (HN). For some of these samples (HB1, HB2, HN1, HN2, HN3, HN4), part of the NS3, core and envelope regions were sequenced and the corresponding deduced consensus sequences were compared with those of prototype isolates of the four HCV genotypes (types I to IV). A phylogenetic tree was constructed to illustrate the relationship between these isolates. The results obtained showed that (i) HN4 appears to be more closely related to type III than to type IV HCV genotypes, which suggests that in France there may exist additional although minor genotypes besides the two major types, F1 and F2. (ii) HB1, HB2, HN1, HN2 and probably HN3 belong to the type II HCV genotype. The association between sequence diversity and putative biological difference for isolates within the same genotype remains to be elucidated.
Identification and quantitation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin (1993)

Identification and quantitation of the depurination and stable DNA adducts of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) formed by cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsomes previously established one-electron oxidation as the predominant mechanism of activation of DMBA to bind to DNA. In this paper we report the identification and quantitation of the depurination and stable DMBA-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin. The depurination adducts, which constitute 99% of all the adducts detected, are DMBA bound at the 12-methyl group to the N-7 of adenine or guanine, namely, 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (MBA)-12-CH2-N7Ade and 7-MBA-12-CH2-N7Gua. The depurination adducts were identified by HPLC and fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy. The stable DNA adducts were analyzed by the 32P-postlabeling method. Almost 4 times as much of the depurination adduct 7-MBA-12-CH2-N7Ade (79%) was formed compared to 7-MBA-12-CH2-N7Gua (20%). The stable adducts accounted for only 1% of all the adducts detected and 80% of these were formed from DMBA diolepoxide. The binding of DMBA to DNA specifically at the 12-CH3 group is consistent with the results of carcinogenicity experiments in which this group plays a key role. When DMBA was bound to RNA or denatured DNA in reactions catalyzed by microsomes or by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), no depurination DNA adducts of DMBA were detected. The amount of stable DNA adducts observed with denatured DNA was 70% lower in the HRP system and 30% lower in the microsomal system compared to native DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Highly Substituted Dihydroindole Derivatives by Intermolecular Couplings of Samarium Ketyls and Indoles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon thin films (2000)

Thermal conductivities Λ of amorphous carbon thin films are measured in the temperatures range 80–400 K using the 3ω method. Sample films range from soft a-C:H prepared by remote-plasma deposition (Λ=0.20 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature) to amorphous diamond with a large fraction of sp3 bonded carbon deposited from a filtered-arc source (Λ=2.2 W m−1 K−1). Effective-medium theory provides a phenomenological description of the variation of conductivity with mass density. The thermal conductivities are in good agreement with the minimum thermal conductivity calculated from the measured atomic density and longitudinal speed of sound.
Safety and efficacy of ranirestat in patients with mild‐to‐moderate diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (2015)

We examined the efficacy and safety of ranirestat in patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Patients (18-75 years) with stable type 1/2 diabetes mellitus and DSPN were eligible for this global, double-blind, phase II/III study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00927914). Patients (n = 800) were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to placebo, ranirestat 40 mg/day or 80 mg/day (265 : 264 : 271). Change in peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (PMNCV) from baseline to 24 months was the primary endpoint with a goal improvement vs. placebo ≥1.2 m/s. Other endpoints included symptoms, quality-of-life, and safety. Six hundred thirty-three patients completed the study. The PMNCV difference from placebo was significant at 6, 12, and 18 months in both ranirestat groups, but <1.2 m/s. The mean improvement from baseline at 24 months was +0.49, +0.95, and +0.90 m/s for placebo, ranirestat 40 mg and 80 mg, respectively (NS). The treatment difference vs. placebo reached significance when ranirestat groups were combined in a post hoc analysis (+0.44 m/s; p = 0.0237). There was no effect of ranirestat on safety assessments, secondary or exploratory endpoints vs. placebo. Ranirestat was well tolerated and improved PMNCV, but did not achieve any efficacy endpoints. The absence of PMNCV worsening in the placebo group underscores the challenges of DSPN studies in patients with well-controlled diabetes.
Load balancing in counter-rotated SONET rings (2003)

Load-balanced routing in SONET rings has attracted much attention recently. Most prior works model the SONET rings as undirected rings and the traffic as undirected chords. While this model fits well to the traditional telephony applications, it is inefficient for the explosive Internet traffic and multimedia data communications, which exhibit unidirectional and asymmetric nature. For these applications, it is proper to model the SONET rings as a pair of counter-rotated rings and the traffic as directed chords. In this paper we first explore general flow properties in counter-rotated rings, and then introduce flow rounding and unsplitting techniques. Afterwards an optimal integral routing algorithm is provided. Finally, we show the NP-completeness of optimal unsplit routing, and present several polynomial-time approximation algorithms.
Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermoresponsive pluronic–xanthan gum hydrogel as a transdermal delivery system (2017)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop and investigate thermoresponsive hydrogel incorporating curcumin (Cur) for application as a transdermal delivery system. Cur was encapsulated within solid lipid nanoparticles via ultrasonic homogenization, and these were introduced into a thermoresponsive hydrogel composed of pluronic F68 (PF68) and F127 (PF127). The hydrogel composed of PF68 and PF127 in 10:90 ratio transformed from sol to gel at 29.3 °C close to skin temperature. The skin adhesiveness and adhesive strength of the hydrogel with 0.2% (w/w) of XG was 1.64 and 1.24 times higher than those of the hydrogel without XG, respectively. The physiochemical characteristics of prepared formulations were investigated via observation of particle size, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed at physiological temperature, which revealed lower hydrogen bonding intensity at gel phase than at sol phase. The cumulative amount of Cur that penetrated significantly increased compared with the Cur ethanol solution. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46004.
TEM horn antenna for pulse radiation: an optimized design (2002)

Various schemes have previously been used to improve the performance of the TEM horn as a pulse radiator; these include shaping of the metallic plates of the horn and using both continuous and discrete resistive loading. In most cases an empirical approach was followed in optimizing the horn. In the present paper the FDTD numerical method is used in an interactive mode to "optimize" various parameters of the horn [Shlager et al. 1994). The computed performance for the final design is compared with measurements made on an actual antenna.