gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the rhesus monkey HLA-G ortholog. Mamu-G is a pseudogene (1996)

HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule that is primarily expressed in the placenta. To investigate whether rhesus monkeys possess an HLA-G ortholog, we cloned and sequenced MHC class I cDNAs from the rhesus placenta. We identified two rhesus MHC class I cDNAs with sequence similarity to HLA-G. Each cDNA contained premature stop codons and frameshift mutations, suggesting that it was derived from an MHC class I pseudogene. Gene trees constructed using MHC class I alleles from human and nonhuman primates revealed that the rhesus placental pseudogene alleles clustered with HLA-G orthologs from the human, chimpanzee, and gorilla. These data suggested that this rhesus MHC class I pseudogene is an HLA-G ortholog. This locus was, therefore, designated Mamu (Macaca mulatta)-G. PCR amplification of a portion of Mamu-G from the genomic DNA of five rhesus monkeys resulted in the identification of five additional Mamu-G alleles and revealed the presence of four Mamu-G alleles in one rhesus monkey, suggesting that Mamu-G had been duplicated in this individual. Furthermore, the analysis of 81 MHC class I clones isolated from a rhesus placenta cDNA library did not result in the isolation of Mamu-G cDNAs, nor the isolation of any additional HLA-G homologs, suggesting that Mamu-G was transcribed at negligible levels. Given the similarity of rhesus monkey and human placenta structure and function, these data raise interesting questions regarding the role of HLA-G in pregnancy.
Principles of digital filtering (1964)

Abstract The digital computer is a versatile tool that may be used to filter seismic traces. Conventional filtering is performed by means of analog-type electronic networks, whose behavior is ordinarily studied in the frequency domain. Digital filtering, on the other hand, is more fruitfully treated in the time domain. A digital filter is represented by a sequence of numbers called weighting coefficients. The output of a digital filter is obtained by convolving the digitized input trace with the filter's weighting coefficients. The mechanics of digital filtering in the time domain are described with the aid of discrete z-transform theory. These ideas are then related to the more familiar interpretation of filter behavior in the frequency domain. An important criterion for the classification of filters is the notion of "minimum phase-lag". This paper ends with a new and simple presentation of this concept.
Body surface mapping of ectopic left ventricular activation. QRS spectrum in patients with prior myocardial infarction. (1992)

To improve electrocardiographic localization of the site of origin of ectopic left ventricular (LV) impulse formation in the heart with prior myocardial infarction, 62-lead body surface QRS integral maps were studied during LV pacing at a total of 221 endocardial sites in 14 patients with previous anterior (AMI), inferior (IMI), lateral (LMI), or anterior and inferior (AMI/IMI) myocardial infarction. The anatomic location of each pacing site was computed using digitized biplane fluoroscopic images and plotted on standardized LV endocardial polar projections. A data base of characteristic AMI and IMI mean QRS integral maps was developed after visually selecting subgroups with nearly identical QRS integral morphology from the ectopic activation sequences produced at 110 sites in eight patients with AMI and at 66 sites in four patients with IMI. Intrasubgroup pattern uniformity and intersubgroup pattern variability were statistically verified. The endocardial pacing site locations belonging to each AMI and IMI subgroup were depicted as segments on the respective LV polar projections. In patients with AMI, a total of 18 typical mean QRS integral patterns were obtained, whereas 22 different mean total QRS integral patterns showing more substantial intersubgroup variation were acquired in patients with IMI. Posterolateral regions exhibited a relatively low electrocardiographic sensitivity (six AMI and five IMI patterns) as compared with anteroseptal regions (12 AMI and 17 IMI patterns). Total QRS integral patterns obtained at 24 sites in one patient with LMI were largely compatible with the IMI mean total QRS integral patterns, whereas the majority of total QRS integral patterns acquired at 21 sites in one patient with AMI/IMI corresponded with the AMI mean total QRS integral patterns. The results show that total body surface QRS integral maps generated during LV pacing in patients with prior myocardial infarction cluster by pattern and that each QRS integral pattern is related to a circumscribed endocardial segment of ectopic impulse formation. The relation between a given QRS integral pattern and the position and size of the corresponding paced segment is dependent on infarct location. The present infarct-specific data base of characteristic total body surface QRS integral patterns provides a clinical tool to obtain detailed electrocardiographic localization of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
Sustained Systemic Delivery of Green Tea Polyphenols by Polymeric Implants Significantly Diminishes Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene-Induced DNA Adducts (2011)

The polyphenolics in green tea are believed to be the bioactive components. However, poor bioavailability following ingestion limits their efficacy in vivo. In this study, polyphenon E (poly E), a standardized green tea extract, was administered by sustained-release polycaprolactone implants (two, 2-cm implants; 20% drug load) grafted subcutaneously or via drinking water (0.8% w/v) to female S/D rats. Animals were treated with continuous low dose of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) via subcutaneous polymeric implants (2 cm; 10% load) and euthanized after 1 and 4 weeks. Analysis of lung DNA by (32)P-postlabeling resulted in a statistically significant reduction (50%; p = 0.023) of BP-induced DNA adducts in the implant group; however, only a modest (34%) but statistically insignificant reduction occurred in the drinking water group at 1 week. The implant delivery system also showed significant reduction (35%; p = 0.044) of the known BP diolepoxide-derived DNA adduct after 4 weeks. Notably, the total dose of poly E administered was >100-fold lower in the implant group than the drinking water group (15.7 versus 1,632 mg, respectively). Analysis of selected phase I, phase II, and nucleotide excision repair enzymes at both mRNA and protein levels showed no significant modulation by poly E, suggesting that the reduction in the BP-induced DNA adducts occurred presumably due to known scavenging of the antidiolepoxide of BP by the poly E catechins. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that sustained systemic delivery of poly E significantly reduced BP-induced DNA adducts in spite of its poor bioavailability following oral administration.
An analysis of the spelling errors of children who differ in their reading and spelling skills (1988)

ABSTRACT Results of recent studies comparing the spelling errors of children with varying discrepancies between their reading and spelling skills have yielded conflicting results. Some studies suggest that good readers-poor spellers (mixed) are characterized by a set of deficits that differentiates them from poor readers-poor spellers (poor). Other studies fail to find differences between groups of poor spellers who differ in their reading skills. The present study attempted to determine the degree to which these discrepant results reflected differences in methods of subject selection and of error analysis. Two different sets of criteria were used to identify poor spellers-good readers. Subjects were selected on the basis of standardized reading comprehension and spelling test scores or on the basis of standardized single-word-recognition and spelling-test scores. The phonetic accuracy of the spelling errors was assessed using two different scoring systems – one that took positional constraints into account and one that did not. In addition, children were identified at two different age levels, allowing for developmental comparisons. Regardless of age or reading ability, poor and mixed spellers had difficulty converting sounds into positionally appropriate graphemes. Only older children with good word recognition but poor spelling skills provided some evidence for a distinct subgroup of poor spellers. These children had relatively good visual memory for words and, unlike other poor spellers, showed relatively good use of rudimentary sound-letter correspondences.
Additional studies of rf plasmoids (1974)

Data have been obtained that support the belief that the particular form of the static-electric-potential profile that arises when negative ions are present in an rf plasmoidal discharge is necessary for the formation of dark-sheath plasmoids. In addition, ethanol and acetone vapors have been found to yield visible emission spectra containing the prominent lines of the CO+ comet tail system which readily reveal dark-sheath plasmoid characteristics. Pure water-vapor discharges do not exhibit dark-sheath plasmoids, but in the presence of air impurities the conditions necessary for the formation of a dark sheath apparently arise when the relative intensity of the O2+ spectrum is large enough.
A liquid contamination detector for D-fibre sensors using white light interferometry (1995)

The authors report a method of monitoring liquid contamination in D-fibre evanescent wave gas sensors. Liquid on the surface of the D-fibre modifies its birefringence, which can be measured by using a white light polarimetric technique.
Evaluation of social relationship between two persons using micro-movement in vestibular system (2014)

The social relationship was including the interaction factor between the persons. In order to detect social relationship, it was using the unconscious response rather than conscious. The purpose of this study was to determine evaluation of social relationship using micro-movement expressed both automatic and unconscious. We used the „vibra-image‟ technology based on vision as the indicator of micro-movement. The vibra-image was consisted with 10 factors such as aggression, stress, tension/anxiety, suspect, balance, charm, energy, self-regulation, inhibition, and neuroticism. 12 subjects were participated in this experiment, assigned two groups. The one group was a friend (strong social relationship), and other was a stranger (weak social relationship). Participants were required interaction of facial expression with face to face. Following the result, the stranger group was significantly increased the factor of Aggression, Suspect, Balance of vibra-image factors, and friend group was not. We found that the tension and anxiety factor could be evaluating the social relationship. Also, the proposed method was only using webcam based on micro-movement without attaching the sensor based on physiological signal.
Structural Comparison of MTA Phosphorylase and MTA/AdoHcy Nucleosidase Explains Substrate Preferences and Identifies Regions Exploitable for Inhibitor Design (2004)

The development of new and effective antiprotozoal drugs has been a difficult challenge because of the close similarity of the metabolic pathways between microbial and mammalian systems. 5'-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (MTA/AdoHcy) nucleosidase is thought to be an ideal target for therapeutic drug design as the enzyme is present in many microbes but not in mammals. MTA/AdoHcy nucleosidase (MTAN) irreversibly depurinates MTA or AdoHcy to form adenine and the corresponding thioribose. The inhibition of MTAN leads to a buildup of toxic byproducts that affect various microbial pathways such as quorum sensing, biological methylation, polyamine biosynthesis, and methionine recycling. The design of nucleosidase-specific inhibitors is complicated by its structural similarity to the human MTA phosphorylase (MTAP). The crystal structures of human MTAP complexed with formycin A and 5'-methylthiotubercidin have been solved to 2.0 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively. Comparisons of the MTAP and MTAN inhibitor complexes reveal size and electrostatic potential differences in the purine, ribose, and 5'-alkylthio binding sites, which account for the substrate specificity and reactions catalyzed. In addition, the differences between the two enzymes have allowed the identification of exploitable regions that can be targeted for the development of high-affinity nucleosidase-specific inhibitors. Sequence alignments of Escherichia coli MTAN, human MTAP, and plant MTA nucleosidases also reveal potential structural changes to the 5'-alkylthio binding site that account for the substrate preference of plant MTA nucleosidases.
A Probabilistic Approach for Predicting Thermal Fatigue Life of Wire Bonding in Microelectronics (1991)

Abstract Wire bond connections are susceptible to fatigue failure as a result of various thermo-mechanical damage mechanisms during the component operation life. Because of uncertainties arising from the random nature of temperature fluctuations, the assembly of wirebonds, and fatigue properties of bonding materials, a probabilistic analysis and reliability estimation are appropriate. This paper presents such an approach for predicting thermal fatigue life and reliability of wire bonds in electronic packages. To determine the behavior of wire bonds under thermal cycles, the stress amplitude due to the temperature fluctuation in each fatigue failure mechanism is derived based on stress analysis models, the uncertainties involved in stress determination and life prediction are analyzed, and a life prediction equation is proposed. Examples illustrating the application of the approach are discussed.
Molecular Imaging of Labile Iron(II) Pools in Living Cells with a Turn-On Fluorescent Probe (2013)

Iron is an essential metal for living organisms, but misregulation of its homeostasis at the cellular level can trigger detrimental oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and damage events. Motivated to help study the physiological and pathological consequences of biological iron regulation, we now report a reaction-based strategy for monitoring labile Fe(2+) pools in aqueous solution and living cells. Iron Probe 1 (IP1) exploits a bioinspired, iron-mediated oxidative C-O bond cleavage reaction to achieve a selective turn-on response to Fe(2+) over a range of cellular metal ions in their bioavailable forms. We show that this first-generation chemical tool for fluorescence Fe(2+) detection can visualize changes in exchangeable iron stores in living cells upon iron supplementation or depletion, including labile iron pools at endogenous, basal levels. Moreover, IP1 can be used to identify reversible expansion of labile iron pools by stimulation with vitamin C or the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, providing a starting point for further investigations of iron signaling and stress events in living systems as well as future probe development.
Structure and expression of the maize (Zea maysL.) SUN-domain protein gene family: evidence for the existence of two divergent classes of SUN proteins in plants (2010)

The maize genome encodes and expresses at least five different SUN-domain proteins, of which the PM3 subfamily may represent a novel class of proteins with possible new and intriguing roles within the plant nuclear envelope. Expression levels for ZmSUN1-4 are consistent with basic cellular functions, whereas ZmSUN5 expression levels indicate a role in pollen. Models for possible topological arrangements of the CCSD-type and PM3-type SUN-domain proteins are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Use of Glycosyl Phosphites: An Effective Route to Glycosyl Phosphates, Sugar Nucleotides, and Glycosides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Texture heterogeneities in α<sub>p</sub>/α<sub>s</sub> titanium forging analysed by EBSD‐Relation to fatigue crack propagation (2009)

The microstructure and the local texture of a large IMI 834 forging were characterized using the Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique. Crystallographic domains called macrozones and formed by a majority of primary alpha(p) grains with their axes in nearly the same direction were found. They had a band-like structure, parallel to the axial direction of the forging. The influence of these macrozones on the cold dwell-fatigue properties was studied. Several samples were tested under cold dwell-fatigue conditions. The crack initiation and the short-distance propagation region optically matched a bright region that contained numerous quasi-cleavage facets. The analysis of the EBSD measurements showed that this bright region was enclosed within a sharp textured region with axes at less than 30 degrees from the loading axis. The crystallographic features of the crack nucleation site and the crack propagation path were also analysed.
Quantifying Cyclic Variability in a Multicylinder HCCI Engine With High Residuals (2012)

Cyclic variability (CV) in lean homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion at the limits of operation is a known phenomenon, and this work aims at investigating the dominant effects for the cycle evolution at these conditions in a multicylinder engine. Experiments are performed in a four-cylinder engine at the operating limits at late phasing of lean HCCI operation with negative valve overlap (nvo). A combustion analysis method that estimates the unburned fuel mass on a per-cycle basis is applied on both main combustion and the nvo period revealing and quantifying the dominant effects for the cycle evolution at high CV. The interpretation of the results and comparisons with data from a single-cylinder engine indicate that, at high CV, the evolution of combustion phasing is dominated by low-order deterministic couplings similar to the single-cylinder behavior. Variations, such as air flow and wall temperature, between cylinders strongly influence the level of CV but the evolution of the combustion phasing is governed by the interactions between engine cycles of the individual cylinders.
Expression of glycolipid receptors to Shiga-like toxin on human B lymphocytes: a mechanism for the failure of long-lived antibody response to dysenteric disease (1990)

Fresh and transformed human B lineage cells were found to be sensitive to the cytotoxic action of Shiga-like toxin (SLT), a bacterial cytotoxin. The toxin was specifically bound by the glycolipids globotriosylceramide and galabiosylceramide expressed on the surface of sensitive cells. Mutant Daudi cells selected for resistance to SLT cytotoxicity (SLTR20) were deficient in SLT-binding glycolipids and failed to bind SLT to their surface, suggesting a role for these glycolipids in the mediation of SLT cytotoxicity. Of a number of normal and transformed lymphoid and myeloid cells screened for SLT sensitivity, only B lymphoid cells were susceptible to SLT action. Moreover, B lymphoid cells were the only cells expressing the SLT binding glycolipids. In vitro B cell activation studies with Epstein-Barr virus and pokeweed mitogen both indicated that the vast majority of SLT-sensitive B cells belong to the IgG and IgA committed subset, whereas most IgM and IgM/D producing cells were resistant to SLT toxicity. The selective elimination of IgG and IgA committed cells may explain the production of only IgM class anti-SLT antibodies in Shigella-infected humans leading to the failure of long-term immunity to dysenteric disease.
Understanding data communications and networks (1994)

From the Publisher:
The explosion of the World Wide Web has created greater awareness of computer networks, and has made understanding network fundamentals and data communications essential. The Second Edition of Shay's best-selling book combines a solid and well-respected presentation of data communications and network fundamentals, with important information on the state-of-the-art developments that support the World Wide Web. New topics include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), modems, and new topics in encryption and network security. Expanded coverage of LAN/WAN systems and protocols includes the Netware LAN operating system and TCP/IP and IPv4 WAN protocols, with new coverage of the IPv6 WAN protocol. Dr. Shay presents these fundamentals, and a wide array of specific applications, at exactly the right level for Junior CS and CIS majors intending to be information systems professionals.
Predicting activity attendance in event-based social networks (2014)

The newly emerging event-based social networks (EBSNs) connect online and offline social interactions, offering a great opportunity to understand behaviors in the cyber-physical space. While existing efforts have mainly focused on investigating user behaviors in traditional social network services (SNS), this paper aims to exploit individual behaviors in EBSNs, which remains an unsolved problem. In particular, our method predicts activity attendance by discovering a set of factors that connect the physical and cyber spaces and influence individual's attendance of activities in EBSNs. These factors, including content preference, context (spatial and temporal) and social influence, are extracted using different models and techniques. We further propose a novel Singular Value Decomposition with Multi-Factor Neighborhood (SVD-MFN) algorithm to predict activity attendance by integrating the discovered heterogeneous factors into a single framework, in which these factors are fused through a neighborhood set. Experiments based on real-world data from Douban Events demonstrate that the proposed SVD-MFN algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art prediction methods.
Remote sensing of clouds and evaluation with a 220GHz radar (2014)

A recently developed 220GHz incoherent radar has potential for remote sensing of low reflectivity atmosphere targets in Cloud Chamber. Stepped frequency system is used and bandwidth 10GHz. Preliminary reflectivity measurements of clouds for ranges between 0.2m~4m in narrow Cloud Chamber. The instrument is briefly described. Highlighting uncertainties due to highly variable attenuation and signal interference. Then the results of investigations of the transmitter, receiver, Antennas, as well as the atmospheric Propagation Effects are presented. The results of this effort demonstrate that the radar is a stable, sensitive, system capable of providing accurate power for clouds.
Image Converters and Image Intensifiers for Military and Scientific Use (1959)

Since World War II, the infrared image converter tube used by the Armed Forces for night observation has been greatly improved. Recent developments in electronics have led to a number of improved image converter tubes sensitive to infrared or ultraviolet radiation, as well as image intensifier devices which will permit observation under starlight illumination with no projected radiation whatsoever. The devices described are of interest to astronomers, radiologists, and nuclear physicists, as well as to the military. Some of the devices have already been constructed while others face serious technological problems. The Corps of Engineers is supporting a program of research in this field to provide image intensifier systems for the Armed Forces.
CYT997(Lexibulin) induces apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of mutually reinforced ER stress and ROS in osteosarcoma (2019)

This study suggests that CYT997 induces apoptosis and autophagy in OS cells by triggering mutually enhanced ER stress and ROS and may thus be a promising agent against OS.