gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Measurement of a Heatsink Antenna: A Dual-Function Structure (2006)

As the demand pushes for increasing chip densities, new mechanisms must be pursued in order to deal with problems such as heat dissipation. This is especially true for high-density three dimensional (3-D) packaging technology for RF devices. Though 3-D system-on-chip (SOC) technology shows promise for increasing chip densities, the heat generated by the RF transmitter's power amplifier poses a threat to the devices. This paper proposes and evaluates a new type of antenna: a heatsink antenna, which simultaneously operates as a radiator of electromagnetic and thermal energy. A patch antenna was used in this study to evaluate the effect of a heatsink structure, though the actual dimensions and antenna/chip structure will depend on the particular system design. Measurements and simulation show that the heatsink lowers the resonant frequency of a patch antenna by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. In addition, simulations show that a poor radiation efficiency of the patch antenna fabricated on FR4 PCB can be improved significantly by a heatsink structure. For the antenna in this study, the heatsink improved the radiation efficiency from 33% to 62%.
Clonidine Combined with a Long Acting Local Anesthetic Does Not Prolong Postoperative Analgesia after Brachial Plexus Block but Does Induce Hemodynamic Changes (2001)

Clonidine in brachial plexus block does not improve postoperative analgesia when mixed with a long-lasting anesthetic. Nevertheless, with or without clonidine, bupivacaine in interscalene block provides a long-lasting analgesia of approximately 15 h.
Anti-collision algorithm based on priority grouping (2012)

Concerning the problems of low recognition efficiency and high misreading rate on the occasions of many tags which move fast,an anti-collision algorithm based on packet-first then handling-second was proposed.The algorithm reduced the misreading rate by to grouping the tags according to the order of arriving,it could adaptively adjust frame length based on slot situation to improve the search efficiency,and use jumping dynamic searching algorithm to deal with conflict slots,which could reduce the number of search for readers and the transmission of system.Matlab simulation results show that the algorithm's communication complexity is lower than other commonly used algorithms,and throughput can achieve 0.59~0.6.The larger the number of tags is the more obvious superiority of the algorithm is.
An architecture of a knowledge-based simulation engine (1994)

The paper describes the architecture of a knowledge-based simulation engine (KBSE). It summarizes ongoing efforts at Knowledge Based Systems Laboratory, Texas AM and analyzing the simulation output. The support for output analysis includes assistance for statistical analysis, explaining a set of observations, and generating alternative ways to improve performance/solve a problem. The approach used to develop KBSE was to integrate simulation expert knowledge with domain knowledge, commonsense reasoning techniques, and qualitative and quantitative simulation techniques. The Phase I KBSE automates the generation of simulation models from system descriptions. Phase II provides intelligent support for simulation output analysis. The paper presents a summary of the artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms and heuristics developed in Phase I.
Mechanical grading of lumber sawn from small-diameter lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and grand fir trees from Northern Idaho (2000)

Forest lands of the Inland Northwest have many timber stands consisting of overgrown, densely stocked trees that create a fire hazard and are prone to disease. These stands need to be thinned, but the cost of harvesting often exceeds the value ofthe timber produced. However, because of the dense stocking and the resulting slow growth these trees may produce lumber with desirable mechanical properties. One method for sawmills to more fully utilize the potential grade yield and realize greater economic return from such lumber may be to produce machine-stress-rated (MSR) lumber instead of visually graded dimension lumber. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties, and corresponding economic value, of lodgepole pine, grand fir, and ponderosa pine dimension lumber produced from typical overstocked forest stands in northern Idaho. The lumber was visually graded and tested for modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and each piece was sorted into two types of grade categories: 1) visual Structural Light Framing; and 2) MSR. This study indicated that two of the three species we tested had good visual and mechanical characteristics. MSR grading of the lodgepole pine group produced a $27/MBF increase in value above visual grading, and MSR grading the grand fir group produced a $15/MBF increase in value above visual grading. The ponderosa pine samples were from poor quality trees thinned from below. Because ofthe poor yield in the higher visual grades, ponderosa pine thinnings in this study were judged not to be a good candidate for production of MSR lumber. This study points out the potential value of lumber sawn from overstocked stands of timber, but demonstrates the need for an assessment process to estimate local resource capability.
Scoring hidden Markov models (1997)

This paper analyses these two issues experimentally. Within the context of the Sequence Alignment and Modeling software suite (SAM), we consider a variety of null models and suitable thresholds. Additionally, we consider HMMer's log-odds scoring and SAM's original Z-scoring method. Among the null model choices, a simple looping null model that emits characters according to the geometric mean of the character probabilities in the columns modeled by the hidden Markov model (HMM) performs well or best across all four discrimination experiments.
Group from Motueka (1860)

Group from Motueka outside a whare, circa 1860s. Many are wearing kākahu (traditional Maori cloaks), including korowai (cloak with black twisted thrums) and kaitaka (cloak made from pounded flax with taniko (woven) embellishment). Taken by an unidentified photographer. 
The photograph with Library reference PAColl-2145-2-2 is on the reverse of this photograph. 
Inscriptions: Backing board recto - beneath image - Group of Natives from Motueka, Nelson, New Zealand 
Arrangement: The print is pasted onto a page (previously part of an album possibly), with PAColl-2145-2-2 on the reverse side. 
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s). 
Physical Description: Black and white photograph attached to card backing, which has another photograph on the reverse.
Synthesis of a D-lactosyl cluster–nucleoside conjugate† (1997)

A. R. Vaino, W. A. Szarek, A. R. Vaino and W. T. Depew, Chem. Commun., 1997, 1871 DOI: 10.1039/A702809A
Sustained Src Inhibition Results in Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Activation and Cancer Cell Survival via Altered Janus-Activated Kinase–STAT3 Binding (2009)

Locoregional and distant recurrence remains common and usually fatal for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). One promising molecular target in HNSCC is the Src family kinases (SFK). SFKs can affect cellular proliferation and survival by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors, especially STAT3. Surprisingly, sustained SFK inhibition resulted in only transient inhibition of STAT3. We investigated the mechanism underlying STAT3 activation and its biological importance. Specific c-Src knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in STAT3 activation showing specificity, which was inhibited by Janus-activated kinase (JAK; TYK2 and JAK2) depletion with siRNA. Sustained SFK inhibition also resulted in recovered JAK-STAT3 binding and JAK kinase activity after an initial reduction, although JAK phosphorylation paradoxically decreased. To determine the biological significance of STAT3 activation, we combined specific STAT3 depletion with a pharmacologic SFK inhibitor and observed increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Likewise, the addition of STAT3- or JAK-specific siRNA to c-Src-depleted cells enhanced cytotoxicity relative to cells incubated with c-Src siRNA alone. These results show that reactivation of STAT3 after sustained, specific c-Src inhibition is mediated through altered JAK-STAT3 binding and JAK kinase activity and that this compensatory pathway allows for cancer cell survival and proliferation despite durable c-Src inhibition. To our knowledge, this novel feedback pathway has never been described previously. Given that pharmacologic SFK inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, these results have potential clinical implications for cancer therapy.
Involvement of stretch-activated ion channels in Ca2+ mobilization to mechanical stretch in endothelial cells (1993)

Endothelial cells are subjected to shear stresses by blood flow, normal stresses by blood pressure, and stretch by vessel expansion. These forces are known to induce secretions of several vasoactive substances probably via internal calcium mobilization (R. F. Furchgott. Circ. Res. 53: 557-573, 1983; M. J. Peach, A. L. Loeb, H. A. Singer, and J. Saye. Hypertension Dallas 7, Suppl. I: I-94-I-100, 1985). Here we report that stretching cellular membranes increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in human umbilical endothelial cells cultured on silicon membranes. Upon application of a stretch pulse (3-s duration), [Ca2+]i increased rapidly and decayed slowly. The following results suggest that this increase arises from Ca2+ entry through stretch-activated (SA) channels: 1) the Ca2+ response disappeared when extracellular Ca2+ was removed; 2) gadolinium (Gd3+), a blocker for cation-selective SA channels, blocked the response but nifedipine did not; and 3) externally applied Mn2+, which is known to permeate mechanosensitive channels but not Ca2+ channels, entered the intracellular space immediately after an application of mechanical stretch. The increase in [Ca2+]i was found to consist of at least two components: an initial fast component and a delayed slower component. Ryanodine inhibited the slow component. It is suggested that stretching the membrane primarily induced extracellular Ca2+ entry through SA channels followed by Ca2+ releases from intracellular Ca2+ stores.
Promotion of Methane Steam Reforming Using Ruthenium-Dispersed Microporous Alumina Membrane Reactor (1993)

Abstract A membrane reactor with the microporous ruthenium-dispersed alumina membrane is effective in promoting low temperature methane steam reforming. In the temperature range of 300–500 °C, the membrane reactor attained the methane conversion with a twice as large as the equilibrium value by the selective removal of hydrogen from the reaction system.
Historical traffic-tolerant paths in road networks (2014)

Historical traffic information is valuable for transportation analysis and planning, as well as for route search services. In view of these applications, we propose the k traffic-tolerant paths problem (TTP) on road networks, which takes a source-destination pair and historical traffic information as input, and returns k paths that minimize the aggregate (historical) travel time. Unlike the shortest path problem, the TTP problem has a combinatorial search space that renders the optimal solution expensive to compute. We propose an exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for this problem. Experiments on real traffic data demonstrate the effectiveness of TTP paths and the efficiency of our proposed algorithms.
Discovery of AZD2716: A Novel Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (sPLA<sub>2</sub>) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease (2016)

Expedited structure-based optimization of the initial fragment hit <b>1</b> led to the design of (<i>R</i>)-<b>7</b> (AZD2716) a novel, potent secreted phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (sPLA<sub>2</sub>) inhibitor with excellent preclinical pharmacokinetic properties across species, clear <i>in vivo</i> efficacy, and minimized safety risk. Based on accumulated profiling data, (<i>R</i>)-<b>7</b> was selected as a clinical candidate for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Recognition and Classification of Histones Using Support Vector Machine (2006)

Histones are DNA-binding proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells. They are highly conserved and can be grouped into five major classes: H1/H5, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 bind to about 160 base pairs of DNA forming the core of the nucleosome (the repeating structure of chromatin) and H1/H5 bind to its DNA linker sequence. Overall, histones have a high arginine/lysine content that is optimal for interaction with DNA. This sequence bias can make the classification of histones difficult using standard sequence similarity approaches. Therefore, in this paper, we applied support vector machine (SVM) to recognize and classify histones on the basis of their amino acid and dipeptide composition. On evaluation through a five-fold cross-validation, the SVM-based method was able to distinguish histones from nonhistones (nuclear proteins) with an accuracy around 98%. Similarly, we obtained an overall >95% accuracy in discriminating the five classes of histones through the application of 1-versus-rest (1-v-r) SVM. Finally, we have applied this SVM-based method to the detection of histones from whole proteomes and found a comparable sensitivity to that accomplished by hidden Markov motifs (HMM) profiles.
Energetic coupling between DNA bending and base pair opening. (1988)

The pathway for base pair opening within a B-DNA duplex is investigated by theoretical molecular modeling. The results show that the disruption of a single base pair is energetically compatible with the deductions made from hydrogen exchange measurements. In addition, it is found that the opening process is greatly facilitated by DNA bending and that, conversely, once a base pair is disrupted, DNA can bend very easily. It appears that the energetic coupling between these two processes may play an important role in many biological reactions involving nucleic acid distortion.
Advanced Vibration Sensing with Radar - ADVISER (2010)

   A new low-cost stand-off vibration sensor based on the Doppler radar principle is presented. The baseline performance of this sensor was compared with a high-quality accelerometer in a well-controlled laboratory environment. This advanced vibration imaging sensor (ADVISER) was also validated for its prognostic health monitoring ability with a fault emulator. The ADVISER was able to detect machine misbalance and bearing damage at a distance of 4 feet without making any contact. This exceeded the performance of a high-quality screw accelerometer mounted directly on the bearing enclosure. In this paper, we present the sensor’s principle of operation, summarize results of comparing it with standard accelerometers, and conclude with its potential use in industrial and aerospace applications.
Hexameric Macroring of Gable-Porphyrins as a Light-Harvesting Antenna Mimic (2003)

Construction of a self-assembled supramolecular macroring that has distances and orientations of porphyrin dimer units in close analogy to those of the natural light-harvesting complexes was achieved. In natural light-harvesting complexes, bacteriochlorophyll-a's are arranged in macroring structures by coordination from imidazolyl side chains. A structural determination of a light-harvesting antenna complex (LH2) elucidated the arrangement of 18 bacteriochlorophyll-a's in a slipped-cofacial way with C9 symmetry in B850 in 1995. To obtain such an elegant macroring architecture as an artificial light-harvesting complex, we connected slipped-cofacial dimers of imidazolylporphyrins in a gable-porphyrin orientation. The introduction of zinc assembled by coordination porphyrins with originally a broad molecular weight distribution (MWD). When coordination bonds were cleaved and reorganized under high dilution conditions using chloroform/methanol solution, the MWD was perfectly converged. This crop gave particle images of a uniform height by atomic force microscopy measurements. Further purification was successfully achieved by gel permeation chromatography, and the first eluting component gave a diameter corresponding to the cyclic hexamer of gable-porphyrins from a small-angle X-ray scattering measurement with synchrotron radiation. In summary, porphyrin assemblies in a macroring arrangement were constructed using the gable-porphyrin motif, and their photophysical properties are highly interesting.
Potential of Gd-DTPA-Mannan Liposome Particles as a Pulmonary Perfusion MRI Contrast Agent (2001)

These initial, experimental results show that paramagnetically labeled liposome particles may be a successful MR contrast agent for pulmonary perfusion imaging.
Fatigue in adult coeliac disease (2005)

In coeliacs, fatigue is a common finding, which ameliorates with the gluten-free diet and is strictly correlated to depression although coeliacs on a gluten-free diet showed more frequent and more severe depression symptoms than coeliacs on a normal diet.
Hot Corrosion Behavior of Heat Resisting Alloys (1981)

Hot corrosion behavior of various commercial heat resisting alloys was investigated at 800 and 900°C by means of furnace test using synthetic ash mixture composed of 90%Na2SO4 plus 10%NaCl. Ranking of alloys for corrosion resistance evaluated by furnace tests generally coincided with that of the corresponding alloys in combustion rig tests carried out by other researchers. Furnace tests showed that nickel-base alloys containing about 20% Cr exhibited most superior resistance to corrosion and nickel-iron-base, cobalt-base, iron-base and lower Cr bearing nickel-base alloys were more corroded in this order. Hot corrosion caused readily intergranular penetration in most of these alloys. The very poor corrosion resistance of low Cr-nickel-base alloys were responsible for the severe intergranular penetration as well as surface attack. It was also found that Cr, Co and Fe had beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance of nickel-base alloys, while the detrimental effect of Mo was less pronounced. As regards the effect of Ni, there existed an optimum content of about 40 to 50%. In Inconel 751 alloys subjected to hot corrosion, the intergranular penetration progressed in a parabolic rate law and the temperature dependence of the parabolic rate constant changed at about 780°C. An extremely low activation energy at the range above this transition temperature suggested that some liquidous corrosion products such as Ni3S2-Ni eutectic took part in the hot corrosion process.
Uncovering three-dimensional gradients in fibrillar orientation in an impact-resistant biological armour (2016)

The complex hierarchical structure in biological and synthetic fibrous nanocomposites entails considerable difficulties in the interpretation of the crystallographic texture from diffraction data. Here, we present a novel reconstruction method to obtain the 3D distribution of fibres in such systems. An analytical expression is derived for the diffraction intensity from fibres, explaining the azimuthal intensity distribution in terms of the angles of the three dimensional fibre orientation distributions. The telson of stomatopod (mantis shrimp) serves as an example of natural biological armour whose high impact resistance property is believed to arise from the hierarchical organization of alpha chitin nanofibrils into fibres and twisted plywood (Bouligand) structures at the sub-micron and micron scale. Synchrotron microfocus scanning X-ray diffraction data on stomatopod telson were used as a test case to map the 3D fibre orientation across the entire tissue section. The method is applicable to a range of biological and biomimetic structures with graded 3D fibre texture at the sub-micron and micron length scales.
Security for the Internet of Things: A Survey of Existing Protocols and Open Research Issues (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) introduces a vision of a future Internet where users, computing systems, and everyday objects possessing sensing and actuating capabilities cooperate with unprecedented convenience and economical benefits. As with the current Internet architecture, IP-based communication protocols will play a key role in enabling the ubiquitous connectivity of devices in the context of IoT applications. Such communication technologies are being developed in line with the constraints of the sensing platforms likely to be employed by IoT applications, forming a communications stack able to provide the required power-efficiency, reliability, and Internet connectivity. As security will be a fundamental enabling factor of most IoT applications, mechanisms must also be designed to protect communications enabled by such technologies. This survey analyzes existing protocols and mechanisms to secure communications in the IoT, as well as open research issues. We analyze how existing approaches ensure fundamental security requirements and protect communications on the IoT, together with the open challenges and strategies for future research work in the area. This is, as far as our knowledge goes, the first survey with such goals.
PAC model-free reinforcement learning (2006)

For a Markov Decision Process with finite state (size S) and action spaces (size A per state), we propose a new algorithm---Delayed Q-Learning. We prove it is PAC, achieving near optimal performance except for Õ(SA) timesteps using O(SA) space, improving on the Õ(S2 A) bounds of best previous algorithms. This result proves efficient reinforcement learning is possible without learning a model of the MDP from experience. Learning takes place from a single continuous thread of experience---no resets nor parallel sampling is used. Beyond its smaller storage and experience requirements, Delayed Q-learning's per-experience computation cost is much less than that of previous PAC algorithms.
Oxidative stability of flax and hemp oils (2006)

Abstract Oxidative stability of flax and hemp oils, and of flax and hemp oils stripped of their minor components, was evaluated in the dark at 60°C and under fluorescent light at 27°C. Several analytical methods were used to assess the oxidative stability of oils. Oil extracts were also investigated for their scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and for their total phenolic contents. The results indicate that bioactive constituents of these edible oils play a major role in their oxidative stability. However, the FA composition of the oils and their total content of tocopherols as well as the type of pigments present contribute to their stability. Nonstripped flax and hemp oils were more stable than their corresponding stripped counterparts. Furthermore, nonstripped hemp oil had a higher oxidative stability than nonstripped flax oil as evidenced by scavenging of DPPH radical and consideration of total phenolic contents.
Improving Vehicle Lateral Stability Based on Variable Stiffness and Damping Suspension System via MR Damper (2013)

The capability of a variable stiffness and damping (VSVD) suspension system via a magnetorheological (MR) damper on improving vehicle lateral stability is investigated in this paper. First, a type of the VSVD suspension system is briefly introduced with the application of variable damping to realize the capability of VSVD. Then, variable damping via the MR damper is extended, and the characteristics of damping force are presented with the Bouc-Wen model. Then, the proposed VSVD system is inserted into a full vehicle model as a front suspension system to control tire normal forces. A control strategy composed of a fuzzy controller that the output is wheel slip ratio and a simple on/off controller to model the application of VSVD is developed to illustrate its ability in improving vehicle stability. It is shown from simulation that VSVD can increase tire normal forces and make vehicles present better performance on lateral stability.