gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilingual web sites: Internationalized Domain Name homograph attacks (2010)

Homograph attacks are a very common type of security vulnerability on the Web. The attack aims to hide the domain name origin by switching some letters in the URL. As the Web evolves beyond the traditional base of English-speaking users, this kind of threat will increase significantly with the use of non-Latin scripts in the entire domain name. The recent introduction of Internationalized Domain Names (IDN) country-code Top Level Domains (ccTLDs) adaptation has made this new homograph attack possible. This paper outlines some of the possible security risks from using non-Latin scripts in the domain name, using examples drawn from Arabic, including the confusion from transforming the non-Latin scripts to ASCII compatible Encoding (ACE). The paper describes some of the existing defenses against IDN homograph attacks, such as white listing of domains and algorithmic analysis of the scripts in the URL. A preliminary design for a new client-side approach to the problem is also outlined. The approach focuses on drawing the user's attention to possible threats when browsing a non-Latin Web site. Some of the techniques being considered include Punycode generation and comparison, highlighting confusing letters (including increasing font sizes for Arabic script), and pre-fetching thumbnail images of Web pages. These solutions will not prevent the attack, but they can provide a visual defense to the user in an unobtrusive and easily adoptable manner.
Editorial: Team formation and performance (2012)

WORLD class athletes, like world class managers, have an innate understanding of team dynamics and the impact that it has on both individual and team performance. In this issue of EMR we aspire to understand the intricacies of team formation and performance. Today's globalized companies use distributed teams across great geographic distances and fuse this gap vis-a-vis modern technology. Global companies often construct teams of teams. How do we assemble the best team to meet our goals? What technology is most suitable to enable teams to perform at their maximum capability?
The many faces of pain for older, dying adults (2001)

An integration of knowledge from the fields of geriatrics, pain management, and palliative care is needed to ensure adequate pain control for the older adult who is dying. An overview is provided of the multiple factors (i.e., chronic illness, malignant disease, care procedures, emotional and cognitive status, response of others) that can cause and exacerbate pain at the end of life for the elderly. Treatment considerations are discussed and an illustrative case study is presented.
Acceleration of Structural Analysis Simulations using CNN-based Auto-Tuning of Solver Tolerance (2020)

With the emergence of AI, we observe a surge of interest in applying machine learning to traditional HPC workloads. An example is the use of surrogate models that approximate the output of scientific simulations at very low latency. However, such a black-box approach usually suffers from significant accuracy loss. An alternative method is to leverage the large amount of data generated at simulations’ runtime to improve the efficiency of numerical methods. However, there is still no clear solution to apply AI inside HPC simulations. Thus, we propose to incorporate AI into structural analysis simulations and develop an auto-tuning of the iterative solver tolerance used in the Newton-Raphson method. We leverage residual data to train a performance model that is aware of the time-accuracy trade-off. By controlling the tuning using AI softmax probability values, we achieve 1.58x acceleration compared to traditional simulations and maintain accuracy with 1e-02 precision.
Isolating First Order Equivalent Mutants via Second Order Mutation (2012)

In this paper, a technique named I-EQM, able to dynamically isolate first order equivalent mutants, is proposed. I-EQM works by employing a novel dynamic execution scheme that integrates both first and second order mutation. The proposed approach combines the "impact" on the program execution of the first order mutants with the "impact" on the output of second order ones, to isolate likely to be first order equivalent mutants. Experimental results on a benchmark set of manually classified mutants, selected from real word programs, reveals that I-EQM achieves to classify equivalent mutants with a 71% and 82% classification precision and recall respectively. These results improve the previously proposed approaches by selecting (retrieving) a considerably higher number of killable mutants with only a limited loss on the classification precision.
Synthesis Of Nicorandil : An Antianginal Agent (1999)

Nicorandil, N-[2-nitroxyethyl]-pyridine-3-carboxamide was synthesized by condensing nicotinoyl chloride with 2-nitroxyethylamine in presence of pyridine. 2-Nitroxyethylamine was prepared from 2- aminoethanol by a three step process. This process was less hazardous and comparatively economical than the literature reported methods.
Parenteral Injections (2006)

This unit describes the techniques for the following routes of injection for mice, rats, hamsters and rabbits: intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, footpad, and intrathymic. Guidelines are also given regarding injection volumes and temperatures, and the use of proper restraints.
Toward “Climate-Smart”Hospitals: Taiwanese Experience (2019)

Hospitals must become "climate-smart" in the era of extreme climate patterns because they generate massive and harmful environmental footprints that worsen climate change; and they need to avoid interrupted health services at a time when it is crucially needed. The alarming climate crisis calls for urgent actions to mitigate carbon and a collective state-wide and regional response. This paper presents a series of green hospital initiatives and the preliminary results of an 11 year cohort study of Taiwan's Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) network. In 2017, 72 HPH member hospitals collectively reduced 6% of total carbon emissions per hospital bed compared to baseline year 2007.<br>
Styroflex Aluminum-sheathed air-dielectric cable (1957)

STYROFLEX coaxial cable was developed to meet the demand for a uniform, low-loss cable which could be supplied in long lengths, without joints. Prior to the advent of styroflex, low attenuation in conjunction with high velocity of propagation were attainable only with rigid line or wave guide in short sections joined together.
A composite high-voltage device using low-voltage SOI MOSFETs (2002)

A circuit is described that uses low-voltage transistors to form a high-voltage composite device. The circuit is a series string of SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFETs and associated biasing elements fabricated using a modified nMOS process on a SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) substrate. The circuit voltages higher than the breakdown voltage of a single transistor by dividing the applied voltage among the transistors in the string. MOSFET-like characteristics with breakdown voltage up to 60 V are demonstrated using a string of 25 SOI MOSFETs, each with a breakdown voltage of 6-7 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anatomy and Electrical Characteristics of a New Fluorescent Lamp (1972)

(1972). Anatomy and Electrical Characteristics of a New Fluorescent Lamp. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-7.
Correction: Broad Expression Analysis of Human ANTXR1/TEM8 Transcripts Reveals Differential Expression and Novel Splizce Variants (2012)

Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8; ANTXR1) is one of two anthrax toxin receptors; the other is capillary morphogenesis gene 2 protein (CMG2; ANTXR2). TEM8 shows enhanced expression in certain tumor endothelia, and is thought to be a player in tumor vasculature formation. However, a comprehensive expression profile of individual TEM8 variants in normal or cancerous tissues is lacking. In this work we carried out an extensive analysis of all splice variants of human TEM8 in 12 digestive tissues, and 8 each fetal and adult tissues, 6 of them cognate pairs. Using variant-specific primers, we first ascertained the status of full-length transcripts by nested PCR. We then carried out quantitative analysis of each transcript by real-time PCR. Three splice variants of TEM8 were reported before, two single-pass integral membrane forms (V1 and V2) and one secreted (V3). Our analysis has revealed two new variants, one encoding a membrane-bound form of the receptor and the other secreted, which we have designated V4 and V5, respectively. All tissues had V1, V2, V3, and V4, but only prostate had V5. Real-time PCR revealed that all variants are present at different levels in various tissues. V3 appeared the most abundant of all. To ascertain its functionality for anthrax toxin, we expressed the newly identified form V4 in a receptornegative host cell, and included V1 and V2 for comparison. Cytotoxicity, toxin binding, and internalization assays showed V4 to be as efficient a receptor as V1 and V2.
Identification of 1-({[1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1 <i>H</i> -pyrazol-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid as a Selective Nonpeptide Neurotensin Receptor Type 2 Compound (2014)

Compounds active at neurotensin receptors (NTS1 and NTS2) exert analgesic effects on different types of nociceptive modalities, including thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. The NTS2 preferring peptide JMV-431 (2) and the NTS2 selective nonpeptide compound levocabastine (6) have been shown to be effective in relieving the pain associated with peripheral neuropathies. With the aim of identifying novel nonpeptide compounds selective for NTS2, we examined analogues of SR48692 (5a) using a FLIPR calcium assay in CHO cells stably expressing rat NTS2. This led to the discovery of the NTS2 selective nonpeptide compound 1-({[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexane carboxylic acid (NTRC-739, 7b) starting from the nonselective compound 5a.
Development of high power cw KCl:Li (F+2)<i>A</i> color center lasers (1991)

We have developed a KCl:Li (F+2)A color center laser which produces more than 1.2 W of cw laser power, over a factor of 3 greater than the highest power previously reported. This paper contains the results of this study, and presents guidelines for preparing laser crystals to routinely and reproducibly generate these high powers.
A review of the application of SimuLink S-functions to multi domain modelling and building simulation (2013)

Multi domain modelling provides great opportunities for possible synergy between the building simulation domain and other scientific and technological domains. Although domains may have quite different models, they often use common mathematical representations, based on differential algebraic equations (DAEs) and/or ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This paper reviews the use of S-Functions in SimuLink for DAEs and ODEs modelling regarding building simulation and its potential for multi domain applications. It is concluded that ODEs are directly implementable using S-Functions in SimuLink. DAEs are indirectly implementable by a manual process of integrating Dymola/Modelica models. Examples from the literature confirm the great opportunities for the combined building thermal, geothermal, electrical and grid performance simulation.
Factors Affecting the Oxidative Stability of Emulsified Oil and Membranous Phospholipids. (2001)

A number of factors affect the progress of lipid peroxidation and thereby oxidative stability of individual foods varies widely. Here we discussed on lipid peroxidation in triacylglycerol in emulsion and phospholipid in lamellar structure. First, we pointed out that plant-derived polyphenols act as powerful antioxidants in these heterogeneous systems because of their unique localization between water phase and lipid phase. Second, it was clarified that lipase-hydrolysis is a useful tool to elevate the stability of fish oil emulsion against lipid peroxidation. This is definitely due to the release of peroxidation-resistant free polyunsaturated fatty acids from triacylglycerol assembly. Third, phosphatidylserine was found to effectively inhibit iron-ion-induced lipid peroxidation of egg yolk PC in lamellar structure, indicating that incorporation of phosphoserine group into lamellar structure is helpful to enhance the oxidative stability of food lipids. Finally, the oxidizability of docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids is not necessary high in free radical oxidation occurring in lamellar structure.
New Photoactivated Protecting Groups. 7.<i>p</i>-Hydroxyphenacyl:  A Phototrigger for Excitatory Amino Acids and Peptides<sup>1</sup> (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Photoactivated Protecting Groups. 7. p-Hydroxyphenacyl: A Phototrigger for Excitatory Amino Acids and Peptides1Richard S. Givens, Andreas Jung, Chan-Ho Park, Jörg Weber, and Wenzel BartlettView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 35, 8369–8370Publication Date (Web):September 3, 1997Publication History Received28 April 1997Published online3 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971331nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971331nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1423Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Monomers,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Phosphates Get e-Alerts
Investigation on the Selection of Piezoelectric Materials for the Design of an Energy Harvester System to Generate Energy from Traffic (2016)

This article investigates various existing piezoelectric materials and the structures of the piezoelectric transducers. Then the article explores the idea of using the electricity generated using piezoelectric elements and compares the energy requirement of this era of power electronics. Then, the most compatible piezoelectric transducer for producing sustainable energy from the road traffic was analyzed using the finite element analysis. This included the various structural designs of the piezoelectric harvester designs to determine the performance of the piezoelectric material. The structures focused on this article are namely the Pile type, Multilayered, Thunder, Bridge, Cymbal and Moonie piezoelectric generators. The finite element analysis was also used to categorize the chemical behavior of various piezoelectric elements. After which, the article focuses on the two main types of implementation of the piezoelectric generators on the road to produce the sustainable form of energy. This energy is captured by harnessing the wasted vibration and kinetic energy due to the moving vehicles on the surface of the road. These two main types of implementation include the cantilever beam type implementation such as the bimorph with a tip mass, which requires a fixed support. The other implementation was based on embedding the piezoelectric transducers into the road to harvest the strain and kinetic energy due to the vehicles directly.
Compiling path expressions into VLSI circuits (1985)

Path expressions were originally proposed by Campbell and Habermann [1] as a mechanism for process synchronization at the monitor level in software. Not unexpectedly, they also provide a useful notation for specifying the behavior of asynchronous circuits. Motivated by this potential application we investigate how to directly translate path expressions into hardware.
Animal assays for anti-psoriatic., retinoid and sunprotective agents (1984)

It is possible to evaluate different dermatological therapeutic agents intended for human use in a variety of animal assays. This review will discuss some of these assays, and attempt to correlate animal and human skin responses. Psoriasis is a disease where changes in epidermal proliferation may be an important factor. It is possible to assay potential anti-psoriatic agents by measuring their ability to suppress DNA synthesis in the epidermis of hairless mice. This assay is predictive of the anti-psoriatic effectiveness of numerous agents including a variety of anti-proliferative drugs and anthralin, and has been used to evaluate the potential efficacy of purified coal tar shampoos and body preparations. The activity of the polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is elevated in psoriatic skin, and it is induced in mouse epidermis by tape stripping. Retinoids can inhibit the induction of ODC activity, and this inhibition may be used to evaluate novel synthetic retinoids. Retinoids have beneficial effects on the abnormal keratinization found in various diseases. Rhino mice have multiple keratin-filled epidermal utricles, and the size of these is reduced by retinoid treatment. Observing the changes in the size of the utricles can be utilized to evaluate the effects of retinoids on keratinization. Sunscreen agents are tested on human volunteers by observing their ability to inhibit the erythema induced by exposure to solar-simulated light, to obtain a sun protection factor (SPF). It is possible to utilize the ability of sunscreens to inhibit other actinic-induced changes in the skin using animals. Parameters that may be measured include changes in DNA synthesis and ODC activity in the epidermis following ultraviolet irradiation. Some of these assays correlate well with human SPF determinations.
Optimal reverse prediction (2009)

Training principles for unsupervised learning are often derived from motivations that appear to be independent of supervised learning. In this paper we present a simple unification of several supervised and unsupervised training principles through the concept of optimal reverse prediction: predict the inputs from the target labels, optimizing both over model parameters and any missing labels. In particular, we show how supervised least squares, principal components analysis, k-means clustering and normalized graph-cut can all be expressed as instances of the same training principle. Natural forms of semi-supervised regression and classification are then automatically derived, yielding semi-supervised learning algorithms for regression and classification that, surprisingly, are novel and refine the state of the art. These algorithms can all be combined with standard regularizers and made non-linear via kernels.
Two-terminal spin-orbit torque magnetoresistive random access memory (2018)

Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) is an attractive alternative to current random access memory technologies due to its non-volatility, fast operation and high endurance. STT-MRAM does though have limitations including the stochastic nature of the STT-switching and a high critical switching current, which makes it unsuitable for ultrafast operation at nanosecond and sub-nanosecond regimes. Spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching, which relies on the torque generated by an in-plane current, has the potential to overcome these limitations. However, SOT-MRAM cells studied so far use a three-terminal structure in order to apply the in-plane current, which increases the size of the cells. Here we report a two-terminal SOT-MRAM cell based on a CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junction pillar on an ultrathin and narrow Ta underlayer. In this device, an in-plane and out-of-plane current are simultaneously generated upon application of a voltage, and we demonstrate that the switching mechanism is dominated by SOT. We also compare our device to a STT-MRAM cell built with the same architecture and show that critical write current in the SOT-MRAM cell is reduced by more than 70%.
Changes in the transcriptional profile of transporters in the intestine along the anterior-posterior and crypt-villus axes (2005)

All nine transporters examined in laser-dissected material demonstrated good replication of the region-specific profiles revealed by microarray. Furthermore, we suggest that the distribution characteristics of Slc5a8 along the intestinal tract render it a suitable candidate carrier for monocarboxylate drugs in the posterior portion of the intestine. Our findings also predict that there is a significant difference in the absorption of carrier-mediated compounds in the different intestinal segments. The most pronounced differences can be expected between the adjoining segments ileum and colon, but the differences between the other adjoining segments are not negligible. Finally, for the examined genes, profiles measured in whole intestinal tissue extracts are representative of epithelial cell-only gene expression.
A New Scalable Self-Aligned Dual-Bit Split-Gate Charge-Trapping Memory Device (2005)

Devices based on charge trapping are a promising solution for Flash memory scaling. The nonconductivity of their storage medium makes them more robust with respect to data loss by charge leakage through the bottom oxide, which, on the contrary sets a hard limit to floating-gate Flash scalability. Their simple processing, highly compatible with CMOS, makes them rapidly integrable into short-term solutions. The well-known SONOS concept however, still suffers from insufficient data throughput and retention. On the other hand, the recently proposed NROM concept, storing two bits in a cell, offers very interesting characteristics by using hot carrier based program/erase operations. However, important drawbacks remain, like insufficient isolation of the bits for scalability, high-power programming, and degradation of the retention after cycling. In this paper, we present a dual-bit trapping device which solves most of these problems by using a split-gate structure which was inspired by the HIMOS concept. The device has a fully self-aligned structure which allows for both bits to be physically isolated in the cell. Those features make it very scalable. Programming can be performed by the very efficient source-side injection mechanism, while erase is done by injection of band-to-band tunneling induced hot holes, which compensate for the trapped electrons. This leads to performances comparable to NROM but with lower power consumption, and lower operating voltages.
경제변수가 변액연금보험과 변액유니버셜보험의 해약률에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (2012)

본 연구는 변액연금보험과 변액유니버셜보험의 해약률이 여러 경제변수들 그리고 해약률 자신의 충격에 어떻게 반응하는지를 공적분과 벡터오차수정모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 구체적으로 경기선행지수, CD유통수익률, 소비자물가지수, 코스피지수, 그리고 실업률을 경제변수로 정하여 이 변수들과 두 변액보험상품의 해약률이 공적분 관계에 있는지를 검정하였다. 요한센공적분검정을 통하여 이 변수들이 공적분되어 있음을 발견하였다. 다음으로 공적분벡터와 벡터오차수정모형을 추정한 후 충격반응곡선을 계산하였다. 분석 결과 두 변액보험은 공통적으로 소비자물가지수와 경기선행지수에 대한 충격에는 해약률이 하락하는 반면 실업률에 대한 충격에는 해약률이 상승하였다. 그러나 CD유통수익률에 대한 충격에는 변액연금보험만이, 그리고 종합주가지수에 대한 충격에는 변액유니버셜보험 해약률만이 장기적으로 반응하였다. 이는 변액연금보험과 달리 대부분의 변액유니버셜보험에는 생존급부보증이 내재되어 있지 않아 주식형 또는 혼합형 펀드에 투자하는데 있어 제약이 적기 때문으로 판단된다.