gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism (2009)

In patients with HO and SHO: i) insulin resistance was comparable; ii) insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes were decreased due to impaired translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters on the plasma membrane; iii) these findings could justify the increased risk for insulin resistance-associated disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, observed in patients with HO or SHO.
Tentative Hypothesis to Explain How Electrolytes Affect the Gelatinization Temperature of Starches in Water (1982)

Abstract An hypothesis is proposed to explain some phenomena arising from the interactions between starch and electrolytes in water. The basis of this hypothesis is formed by the following claims: a) starch is a weak acid ion exchanger; b) cations tend to protect and to stabilize the granule structure; c) anions are the gelatinizing agents by rupturing hydrogen bonds. Arguments are put forward to sustain these claims.
Estimation of the molecular weights of proteins by Sephadex gel-filtration (1964)

When a mixture of molecules is passed through a column of porous gel granules, the molecules may appear in the effluent in order of decreasing size. Fractionation is believed to occur when diffusion of the molecules into the gel pores is restricted but not prevented because of their size, and because they pass through the column at rates that are related inversely to the fluid volume accessible to them within the column. Lathe & Ruthven (1956) suggested that the dimensions of protein and poly- saccharide molecules might be estimated by this technique, now widely known as gel-filtration. However, evaluation of their suggestion is difficult because of uncertainty about the size and shape of macromolecules in solution (Schachman, 1960). Although molecular weight is unlikely to be a good approximation for size in comparing such dis- similar molecules as proteins and polysaccharides, the correlation between molecular weights and gelfiltration behaviour of dextrans (Granath & Flodin, 1961) indicates that, for a homogeneous series of macromolecules, size and molecular weight are closely related. Andrews (1962) obtained evidence from experiments with agar-gel columns that this was also true for a number of proteins, and showed that gel-filtration can be used as a comparative method to give useful estimates of the molecular weights of proteins.
Mechanical Properties of Monofilament Entangled Materials (2012)

Abstract Monofilament entangled materials are a new type of materials with promising mechanical properties. They are made of a single wire randomly packed into a finite volume whose dimensions are much larger than the wire length, thus providing many self‐contacts. Their complex internal architecture is investigated using X‐ray tomography. The evolution of the number of contacts per unit volume, as well as of the density profiles, is monitored during a compression test in order to link the microstructural evolution of the sample to its mechanical behavior. This material exhibits very interesting properties in terms of vibration damping.
Mitigation of thermal and fatigue behavior in K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based lead free piezoceramics (2008)

K(0.5)Na(0.5)NbO(3)-(KNN) based lead free materials have been found to exhibit good piezoelectric properties (d(33) approximately 250 pCN) due to the orthorhombic-tetragonal polymorphic phase transition (PPT) temperature compositionally shifted downward to near room temperature. However, associated with the PPT are issues of temperature and domain instability, making them impractical for applications. In this work, CaTiO(3) (CT) was used to effectively shift the PPT downward in effort to mitigate these issues. As expected, CT modified KNN based materials exhibited nearly temperature independent properties (-50 approximately 200 degrees C) and fatigue-free behavior, together with its relatively high d(33) value of approximately 200 pCN, make the CT modified KNN based materials excellent candidates for lead free actuators and transducers.
Microscopic studies of the influence of main exposure time on parameters of flexographic printing plate produced by digital thermal method (2009)

The digital thermal technology of producing flexographic printing plates from photopolymer plates is one of the newest technologies. This technology allows to develop flexographic plates without the use of any solvent. The process of producing flexographic printing plates by the digital thermal method consists of several main stages: back exposure, laser exposure, main exposure, thermal development, post exposure, and light finishing. The studies carried out with the use of optical stereoscopic microscopy allowed to determine the effect of time of main exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the dot area, diameter, and edge factor of halftone dots reproduced on flexographic printing plate produced by the digital thermal method, as well as on the quality of reproducing the surface and on the profiles of free-standing printing microelements. The results of the microscopic studies performed have allowed to define the criteria of establishing optimum time of main exposure of photopolymer plates used in the digital thermal technology of producing flexographic printing plates. A precise definition of the criteria for determining the optimum time of main exposure will enable to reduce the time-consuming control tests and to eliminate errors in both the process of manufacturing flexographic printing plates and in the printing process carried out with the use of such plates.
Passive Resonator Gyro (1984)

In this paper we summarize recent developments in passive resonator gyros in our laboratory. The resonators investigated include a mirror resonator and also an all-fiber resonator. Preliminary performance data and important sources of error are presented.
New Polymer Syntheses 87. Thermosetting Nematic or Cholesteric Diesters Having Propargyl Endgroups (1997)

4-Propargyloxy benzoic acid, 6-propargyloxy-2-naphthoic acid and 4′-propargyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid were synthesized from the corresponding hydroxy acids and converted into the acid chlorides. Diesters were then prepared by the reaction of these acid chlorides with diphenols such as hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone n-octylthiohydroquinone and phenylhydroquinone. Most of these diesters form an enantiotropic nematic melt but some diesters form a monotropic liquid crystal phase. Cholesteric phases were observed for diesters of ( S)-2-methylbutylthiohydroquinone. Diesters derived from 6-propargyloxy-2-naphthoic acid begin to crosslink above 200 °C with an optimum cure temperature of 240–250 °C. The crosslinking of the 4′-propargyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid derivatives occurs at a temperature 60 °C higher. Several diesters crosslink in the nematic state, but most of them undergo isotropization before completion of the crosslinking process. Numerous cholesteric blends of nematic diesters and chiral diesters of isosorbide were studied and Grandjean textures with bright colours were found. Thermal crosslinking in the cholesteric phase was feasible in several cases.
Effects of Two Cetylpyridinium Chloride‐Containing Mouthwashes on Bacterial Plaque (1976)

The purpose of this single blind clinical study was to determine the effects of two commerical mouthwashes (one containing cetylpyridinium chloride and domiphen bromide and the other containing only cetlypridinium chloride) on existing plaque accumulations. A second purpose was to determine if a residual effect could be shown 2 weeks after cessation of using these mouthwashes. A total of 120 adult subjects, who had been divided into three groups, were initially in the study. For a period of 31 days, the subjects in Group A rinsed with a commercial mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride and domiphen bromide; Group B rinsed with a commercial mouthwash containing only ceytlpyridinium chloride; and Group C served as controls and rinsed with colored flavored water. All subjects continued their normal home oral hygiene practices, except that mothwashes other than as assigned were forbidden. The subjects received three identical examinations to determine their plaque scores. The examinations were conducted the day preceding initiation; the day following cessation; and 15 days after cessation of the rinsing procedures. A total of 105 subjects received the first and second examinations, and 93 subjects received all three examinations. Based upon the data obtained, the daily use of each of the cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes tested, appears to be partially effective in reducing existing bacterial plaque accumulations. The cetylpyridinium chloride-domophen bromide product was slightly, but not significantly, more effective than the other commercial mouthwash. Neither commerical product demonstrated a significant residual effect 2 weeks after cessation of use.
Enhanced applications of attic-collected solar energy (1995)

A novel solar concept is the utilization of existing attic spaces as solar collectors. A heat exchanger situated in the attic facilitates the utilization of the solar-heated attic air to create useful energy products such as heated swimming-pool water and residential hot water. To enhance these products, a method is developed here to increase the energy carried into the heat exchanger by the solar-heated air. The basic idea is to utilize all parts of the attic as a hot-air reservoir rather than only the immediate neighborhood of the heat exchanger inlet face. In the practical realization of this idea, a flexible conduit attached to the heat exchanger inlet is deployed throughout the attic. The wall of the conduit is made permeable to enable the ingestion of air into the conduit from all neighborhoods along its length. The far end of the conduit is capped. An analytical model is developed which yields a specification of the axial distribution of the permeability needed to achieve axially uniform air ingestion. An apparatus was built to validate the model and its predictions. The measured axial pressure distributions were in very good agreement with that predicted from the analysis. This agreement validates the model andmore » supports its further use as a design tool for enhancing the utilization of attic-collected solar energy.« less
Effect of Delamination on the Natural Frequencies of Composite Laminates (1989)

This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of prescribed delamination on the natural frequencies of laminated beam specimens. Experimental modal analysis was used to measure the effect of delamination length on the first four fre quencies of the simply supported test specimens. The experimental results were cor roborated with detailed finite element models as well as with simplified beam theory models. The presence of a delamination degraded the even numbered vibration modes much more rapidly than the odd numbered modes for a delamination centered at the speci men midspan. Delaminations which covered 1/3 of the specimen length had no more than a 20% effect on any of the first four frequencies.
Prediction of Sand Production Rate in Oil and Gas Reservoirs (2003)

Abstract Most sand production prediction models to date have the capability to indicate whether initial sand production may take place somewehere during the lifetime of a reservoir. However, these models are unable to predict whether the sand production will be ‘problematic’ (e.g. in terms of erosion, plugging, well sand-up, separator fill, etc.), in particular for systems that have some tolerance towards sand production. In order to predict whether sand production will be ‘problematic’, one needs to be able to estimate sand production volumes and rates as a function of, amongst others, bottom-hole load conditions, drawdown, and time. This paper presents a model for the prediction of sand production volumes and rates for any type of clastic oil or gas reservoir. This work builds on successful previous efforts to predict sand production rate in the Canadian heavy oil sands. The current model is a validation of the previous model and its further generalisation to sandstones of any strength (not just unconsolidated) with any reservoir fluid (not just heavy oil), and involves features such as failure of intact sand, post-failure cavity stabilisation, and non-associated viscoplasticity. The model has been calibrated to laboratory experiments.
Development and test of an HTSMA supersonic inlet ramp actuator (2008)

Use of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuation technology is a candidate method for reducing weight and power requirements for inlet flow control actuators in prospective supersonic passenger aircraft. The high speed/high Mach operating points of such aircraft can also call for the use of High Temperature SMAs, with transition temperatures beyond those of typical binary NiTi alloys. This paper outlines a demonstration project that entailed both testing and assessment of newly developed NiTiPt HTSMAs, as well as their use in an actuation application representative of inlet configurations. The project featured benchtop testing of an HTSMA-actuated ramp model as well as experiments in a high speed wind tunnel at loads representative of supersonic conditions. The ability of the model to generate adequate force and actuation stroke for this application is encouraging evidence the feasibility of NiTiPt-based devices for inlet flow control.
Introduction of replication-competent hepatitis C virus transcripts using a tetracycline-regulable baculovirus delivery system (2004)

We have developed a baculovirus delivery system that enables tetracycline-regulated expression of polII-derived hepatitis C virus (HCV) transcripts in hepatocyte-derived cell lines (McCormick et al., 2002). As part of a study to determine whether such transcripts are replication competent, the transcription start site of the tetracycline-regulable promoter was mapped and three baculovirus transfer vectors containing a neo(R)-expressing culture adapted replicon cDNA were generated. These vectors either had the first nucleotide of the 5'UTR positioned -2 (mkI) and +1 (mkII) with respect to the transcription start site, or included a hammerhead ribozyme at the 5' end of the transcript (5'HH) that cleaves between the ribozyme-5'UTR boundary. Transfection of all of the culture-adapted replicon constructs into Huh7 cells resulted in the formation of more neomycin-resistant colonies than seen with a polymerase knock-out replicon construct, although this was less pronounced in the mkI group. Furthermore, both the positive- and negative-strands of the replicon could be detected in all neomycin-resistant polyclonal cell lines except for those derived from transfection of the polymerase knock-out construct. Transduction of Huh7 cells with recombinant baculoviruses carrying the same expression cassettes improved replicon delivery, but the relative efficiency of the constructs remained the same. The baculovirus vectors were also used to introduce the replicon transcript into HepG2 cells. Expression of the culture-adapted but not the polymerase knock-out construct induced transcription of the beta-interferon gene, a response that may contribute to this cell line being unable to maintain the replicon over long-term culture.
A non-invasive miniaturized-wireless laser-Doppler fiber optic sensor for understanding distal fingertip injuries in astronauts (2009)

During extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) or space walks astronauts over use their fingertips under pressure inside the confined spaces of gloves/space-suite. The repetitive hand motion is a probable cause for discomfort and injuries to the finger-tips. We describe a new wireless fiber-optic probe that can be integrated inside the astronaut glove for non-invasive blood perfusion measurements in distal finger tips. In this preliminary study, we present blood perfusion measurements while performing hand-grip exercises simulating the use of space tools.
Investigation of Thermal Stability of Atomic-Layer-Deposited MgO Thin Films on Si(100) Using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2010)

MgO thin films have been grown on Si(100) by atomic layer deposition using bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium and water as precursors. The effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on thermal stability and interfacial properties of MgO films is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results indicate that the as-deposited MgO film is quite reactive to the atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide and has a sharp interface with the substrate. The spectra of samples annealed at show that the Mg–OH groups have been turned into MgO. RTA also induces the formation of magnesium silicate, whose content increases with increasing annealing temperature.
Microbial Fuel Cell Technologies for Renewable Power and Biofuels Production From Waste Biomass (2015)

Presented on February 4, 2015 at 12:00 p.m. in room L1255 of the Ford Environmental Science and Technology Building.
Platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell as studied by potential cycling (2005)

The behavior of platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was studied using potential cycling experiment and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The electrochemically active surface area decreased depending on the cycle number and the upper potential limit. Platinum deposition was observed in the polymer electrolyte membrane near a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum deposition was accelerated by the presence of hydrogen transported through the membrane from an anode compartment. Platinum was transported across the membrane and deposited on the anode layer in the absence of hydrogen in the anode compartment. This deposition was also affected by the presence of oxygen in the cathode compartment.
The patterns of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity (1990)

A retrospective review of the records of 501 previously untreated patients from January 1, 1965 through December 31, 1986 with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of ipsilateral neck node metastases (NM) by neck level. The 501 patients underwent 516 radical neck dissections. Patients were grouped by clinical neck status at the time of neck dissection: elective dissection (ED) in the N0 neck, immediate therapeutic dissection (ITD) in the N+ neck, and subsequent therapeutic dissection (STD) in the neck observed which converted clinically to N+. Pathologically identified NM occurred 34% of the time in ED, 69% in ITD and 90% in STD. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the clinical exam was 70%, 65%, and 68%, respectively. Detailed analysis was performed for each group based on the primary site. This revealed a prevalence of NM in level IV of 3% (five of 167) for ED versus 17% (49/296) for ITD + STD (P less than 0.001). Tongue, retromolar trigone, and cheek did not have NM in level V in any group. The prevalence of NM in level V for floor of mouth or gum primaries was less than 1% (one of 109) in ED versus 6% (ten of 167) in ITD + STD (P less than 0.03). These data support the trend toward selective limited neck dissection in both N0 and N+ patients. Further, they provide the foundation for planning of future prospective trials to assess the efficacy of modifications in the extent of neck dissection.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is exacerbated by IL-1 alpha and suppressed by soluble IL-1 receptor (1991)

To assess the role of IL-1 in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the effects of in vivo treatment with IL-1 alpha or an IL-1 antagonist on the clinical course of EAE were evaluated. First, Lewis rats were immunized with guinea pig myelin in CFA and treated for 19 consecutive days with i.p. injections of recombinant human IL-1 alpha. Clinical signs of paralysis in the IL-1 alpha-treated groups were of longer duration and of greater severity compared to placebo injected controls. In addition, more weight loss was observed in the IL-1 alpha-treated groups compared to controls. This enhanced weight loss was not due to IL-1 alpha injections alone as CFA-treated rats injected with IL-1 alpha did not lose weight when compared to placebo injected, CFA-treated controls. Second, soluble mouse rIL-1R (sIL-1R), which binds both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, was given as an IL-1 antagonist. Treatment of guinea pig myelin/CFA immunized rats with sIL-1R for 13 consecutive days significantly delayed the onset of EAE, reduced the severity of paralysis and weight loss, and shortened the duration of disease. Treatment with sIL-1R was most effective in reducing EAE if administered for 15 consecutive days immediately after immunization. Shortened 5-day treatment regimens spanning days 1 to 5, days 6 to 10, or days 11 to 15 after immunization were less effective in reducing EAE. These data suggest that IL-1 may initiate or promote inflammation within the central nervous system. In addition, specifically blocking the biological activity of IL-1 in vivo by soluble receptors may prove beneficial for the treatment of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases.
Electrical and optical properties of amorphous Si:F:H alloys (1979)

Abstract Amorphous alloys based on silicon and containing hydrogen and fluorine have been fabricated using a radio-frequency glow discharge in silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen. Films have been well characterized using conductivity, photoconductivity, field-effect and infra-red techniques. Amorphous alloys fabricated from a gas ratio of SiF4 : H2=10: 1 are shown to possess a localized density of states with a minimum value of less than 1017 cm−3 eV−1. These films are highly photoconductive, devoid of photostructural changes and are mechanically stable. Because of the low density of localized states, the alloys have been doped with 50 v.p.p.m. of arsine in the premix to attain a room temperature conductivity ≥ 5 Ω−1 cm−1.
Structure-Stability Relationships of Polymers Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis Data. Part 1. Polyaliphatics, Polyalicyclics, Spiro Polymers and Phenylene-R-Polymers (1974)

Abstract : Thermogravimetric analysis data of about 500 aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic ('phenylene-R-') polymers, and numerous literature data, have been used to correlate polymer structure with thermal stability. The temperature of the extrapolated onset of the first major breakdown step has been used as criterion for thermal stability. The results, by polymer classes, are listed in the discussion section. The maximum stabilities obtained for various polymers and moieties, order of stabilities of linking groups, the effect of lengths of alkylene chains, tacticity, packing, branching, crosslinking, sidegroups and other factors have been discussed.
TP53 Gene Mutations and 17p Deletions in Human Astrocytomas (1991)

Astrocytomas, including the most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme, are the most frequent and deadly primary tumors of the human nervous system. Recent molecular genetic analyses of astrocytomas have demonstrated frequent chromosome 17 deletions involving the telomeric region of the short arm (17p12-pter). This region contains a candidate tumor suppressor gene, TP53, which has recently been implicated in the etiology of a broad array of human cancers. To study the possible role of TP53 in astrocytoma development, 24 randomly chosen human astrocytic tumors were examined for genomic TP53 sequence aberrations using primer-directed DNA amplification in conjunction with direct sequencing. Five of the 11 grade III astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme), but only one of seven grade II astrocytomas (anaplastic astrocytoma) and none of either the grade I astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas demonstrated distinct point mutations involving the TP53 gene. These data suggest that TP53 mutations may play a role in astrocytoma development and are predominantly associated with higher grade tumors.