gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Mobile IPv6 addressing using transition mechanisms (2003)

The adoption of the IPv4 protocol in wireless technologies has considerably increased the number of hosts that can potentially access the global Internet. The pressure for more IP addresses and the almost exhaustion of the IPv4 address space has raised again the interest in the IPv6 protocol. This paper describes an approach for implementing wireless networks with global Internet connectivity using private IPv4 addresses and transition mechanisms published by IETF. The approach described in this paper is called Transparent IPv6. It consists of virtually assigning IPv6 addresses to private IPv4 hosts without modifying end-user devices. The mobile hosts with virtual IPv6 addresses are fully addressable through the global IPv4 Internet by using IPv6 addresses or fully qualified domain names (FQDN). As shown in the paper, it permits the deployment of mobile networks with global Internet connectivity without requiring public IPv4 addresses.
Computer image analysis and classification of giant ragweed seeds (2001)

Giant ragweed exhibits a high degree of polymorphism among individual plants in seed size, shape, spininess, and color. These features may play an important role in giant ragweed seed survival and predation avoidance; however, they are difficult to evaluate because of lack of quantification methods. A computer imaging technique was developed for describing and classifying giant ragweed seeds using digital images of the seed top and side views. Seed samples collected from 20 different giant ragweed plants (classes) were mounted and digitally scanned. Quantitative features were extracted from the seed images, including color, width, height, area, and seed perimeter. A polygon (convex hull) of the seed image based on the seed outline was constructed, from which spininess indices were developed. Fisher's linear discriminant with normalized nearest neighbor classification was used to classify randomly selected images of individual seeds according to class (maternal origin), using the extracted features as a database. The best classification rate achieved was 99%, with 138 out of 140 seeds correctly matched using data from both the top and side views. Seed features were easily extracted and varied from 1.2- to 4.5-fold among classes. Area and perimeter measurements varied least within classes but varied most among classes, suggesting that these features discriminate effectively among seeds from different plants in giant ragweed. Convex hull area : seed area ratio, using the seed top view images, was the best index of seed spininess, aligning well with visual assessment and providing greatest discrimination among classes. This experiment shows that in the case of giant ragweed, seeds from different plants are distinguishable in an objective and quantitative manner. This imaging technique can be applied to identification of seeds from different species and to studies on variable seed morphology within a species.
Image-based distance and area measuring systems (2006)

In this paper, a novel measuring system using a scan-counter method via a CCD camera is proposed. The proposed measuring system is an easy-to-construct system to measure the distance between a CCD camera and an object, and to measure the projected area of the object. This measuring method needs not store huge amounts of image data nor use any pattern recognition approach. It quickly obtains the distance and the projected area using simple circuits and formulas. For distance measurement, two laser projectors are set on either side of a CCD camera and produce two parallel rays that project two bright spots on the object and, therefore, on the CCD. An external clock, which is generated by an extra oscillator, is used to measure the time interval between the two bright spots as the CCD scans the image. A circuit for counting the number of external clock pulses between the two bright spots is employed to calculate the interval between them in the video image. Due to the parallel setup of the distance measuring system, there is a linear relationship between the actual distance and the interval of the two bright spots. Therefore, the actual distance from the CCD camera to the object can be calculated from a simple formula. For area measurement, circuits count the number of external clock pulses of the horizontal scan lines covering the projected area of the object. Then, the projected area of the object is calculated from simple algebraic formulas. Finally, several experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Isolation from urine of pyrophosphate, a calcification inhibitor (1962)

The minimum value of the product, Ca X P, necessary for calcium phosphate precipitation to occur, was determined in vitro. The addition of 2.2% urine to the solutions raised the mean product from 53 to 105 (mg/100 ml) 2 , which shows that the urine contains inhibitors to hydroxyapatite precipitation. One of these was isolated and purified. Its characteristics are those of inorganic pyrophosphate. The mean level of urinary pyrophosphate was 2.24 mg P/liter, sufficient to inhibit precipitation of hydroxyapatite. Pyrophosphate is one of the substances permitting urine to be supersaturated with calcium and phosphate; other urinary inhibitors are still to be identified. It is suggested that the phosphate compound present in the plasma which inhibits hydroxyapatite precipitation is pyrophosphate. In bone, pyrophosphatase would act by locally destroying this calcification inhibitor, thus allowing the apatite crystals to form.
Susceptibility of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells to HSV-1 Infection (2005)

In comparison to reference CV-1 cells, cultured HCEC show similar susceptibility to HSV-1 adsorption, but higher capacity to support productive HSV-1 infection. Our results suggest that human corneal endothelial cells may be inherently susceptible to HSV-1 infection.
<b>DELETION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES ACCOMPANIES THE CLASS SWITCH </b><b>REARRANGEMENT </b> (1980)

The organization of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes has been investigated by Southern blot hybridization of restriction DNA fragments using cloned Tl, 7'2b and /1 genes as probes. The organization of the heavy chain genes (/1, 7'1, T2b and 72a) was compared in newborn mouse (BALB/c) and myelomas producing IgM, IgG3, IgGl, IgG2b, IgG2a and IgA. The 7'1 gene was present in DNAs from IgM-,IgG3-and IgGl-producing myelomas but absent in DNAs from IgG2b-, IgG2a-and lgA-producing myelomas. The r2b gene was found in DNAs from IgM-, IgG3, IgGl-and IgG2b-producing myelomas but deleted in DNAs from IgG2a-and IgA-producing myelomas. The 72a gene was present in DNAs from all the myelomas tested except IgA-producing myelomas. The /1 gene was present in DNAs from IgM-and IgG2b-producing myelomas but absent in DNAs from IgG3-, IgGl-, IgG2a and IgA-producing myelomas. The heavy chain genes expressed in most myelomas were rearranged in different forms on different homologous chromosomes. In some myelomas we were unable to show the rearrangement of the expressed heavy chain genes with the restriction enzymes used in the present study. The deletion of the heavy chain genes takes place upstream from the heavy chain gene expressed in each myeloma assuming that the heavy chain genes are arranged in the order ;1-T3-Tl-T2b-T23-C6. The presence of the /1 gene in two 7'2b-producing myelomas is exceptional. These results are consistent with the allelic deletion model proposed by Honjo and Kataoka (Proc. Nari. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 2140USA, 75, -2144USA, 75, , 1978) ) except that the previous model predicted the deletion of the heavy chain genes only from one of the allelic pair of chromosomes. We have discussed possible reasons for the previous overestimation of 7' genes using uncloned cDNA.
Absence of Voltage Testers: A guide to listing requirements (2017)

This paper provides a description of Absence of Voltage Testers (AVTs), their use, listing requirements (as defined in UL 1436), and application considerations. A discussion of how AVTs can be used to support NPFA 70E work practices, as well as advantages and limitations are also addressed.
Devil Is in the Edges: Learning Semantic Boundaries From Noisy Annotations (2019)

We tackle the problem of semantic boundary prediction, which aims to identify pixels that belong to object(class) boundaries. We notice that relevant datasets consist of a significant level of label noise, reflecting the fact that precise annotations are laborious to get and thus annotators trade-off quality with efficiency. We aim to learn sharp and precise semantic boundaries by explicitly reasoning about annotation noise during training. We propose a simple new layer and loss that can be used with existing learning-based boundary detectors. Our layer/loss enforces the detector to predict a maximum response along the normal direction at an edge, while also regularizing its direction. We further reason about true object boundaries during training using a level set formulation, which allows the network to learn from misaligned labels in an end-to-end fashion. Experiments show that we improve over the CASENet backbone network by more than 4% in terms of MF(ODS) and 18.61% in terms of AP, outperforming all current state-of-the-art methods including those that deal with alignment. Furthermore, we show that our learned network can be used to significantly improve coarse segmentation labels, lending itself as an efficient way to label new data.
Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect of L-Asparaginase Combined with Decitabine as a Demethylating Agent in Pediatric T-ALL, with Specific Epigenetic Signature (2016)

T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) remains a subgroup of pediatric ALL, with a lower response to standard chemotherapy. Some recent studies established the fundamental role of epigenetic aberrations such as DNA hypermethylation, to influence patients' outcome and response to chemotherapy. Moreover, L-asparaginase is an important chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of ALL and resistance to this drug has been linked to <i>ASNS</i> expression, which can be silenced through methylation. Therefore, we tested whether the sensitivity of T-ALL cell lines towards L-asparaginase is correlated to the epigenetic status of <i>ASNS</i> gene and whether the sensitivity can be modified by concurrent demethylating treatment. Hence we treated different T-ALL cell lines with L-asparaginase and correlated different responses to the treatment with <i>ASNS</i> expression. Then we demonstrated that the <i>ASNS</i> expression was dependent on the methylation status of the promoter. Finally we showed that, despite the demethylating effect on the <i>ASNS</i> gene expression, the combined treatment with the demethylating agent Decitabine could synergistically improve the L-asparaginase sensitivity in those T-ALL cell lines characterized by hypermethylation of the <i>ASNS</i> gene. In conclusion, this preclinical study identified an unexpected synergistic activity of L-asparaginase and Decitabine in the subgroup of T-ALL with low <i>ASNS</i> expression due to hypermethylation of the <i>ASNS</i> promoter, while it did not restore sensitivity in the resistant cell lines characterized by higher <i>ASNS</i> expression.
Line-edge roughness transfer function and its application to determining mask effects in EUV resist characterization (2003)

The control of line-edge roughness (LER) of features printed in photoresist poses significant challenges to next-generation lithography techniques such as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Achieving adequately low LER levels will require accurate resist characterization as well as the ability to separate resist effects from other potential contributors to LER. One significant potential contributor is LER on the mask. Here we explicitly study the mask to resist LER coupling using both analytical and computer-simulation methods. We present what is to our knowledge a new imaging transfer function referred to as the LER transfer function (LTF), which fundamentally differs from both the conventional modulation transfer function and the optical transfer function. Moreover, we present experimental results demonstrating the impact of current EUV masks on projection-lithography-based LER experiments.
Principal Component Analysis of Trace Elements from EDXRF Studies (1990)

With the use of the EDXRF technique, the concentrations of 14 trace elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo) of Japanese pottery samples from three different regions were measured. Principal component analysis shows the possibility of discriminating between the various trace elements in terms of their being either useful or not useful variables by which Japanese pottery samples could be grouped according to their geographical origin.
Calculation of the Charge Distribution in Conjugated Systems by a Quantification of the Resonance Concept (1985)

The assignment of weights to the resonance structures of organic compounds and the determination of the resulting charge distribution can be rapidly accomplished using a new calculation procedure. The method takes into consideration, among other things the π‐orbital electronegativities and changes in the bonding structure. equation image
Optical Analysis of an Ellipsometric Technique for Time-Resolved Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Analysis of an Ellipsometric Technique for Time-Resolved Magnetic Circular Dichroism SpectroscopyDiping Che, Robert A. Goldbeck, Steven W. McCauley, and David S. KligerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 14, 3601–3611Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100065a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100065a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Abnormal treating pressures in MHF treatments (1983)

Abnormal treating pressures are observed during massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) treatments in the Mesa Verde formation of the Piceance Basin, Colorado. Data from three widely separated wells and in several zones per well all show a pressure increase during MHF treatments which the authors call ''pressure growth''. This pressure growth is at least semi-permanent. The elevated instantaneous shut-in pressures do not return to initial values over periods of several days. The magnitude of this pressure growth is highly variable. When its value is less than about 2300 psi the MHF treatments are usually completed and results are obtained which are within normal expectations. When its value exceeds 2300 psi, sandout occurs and the fracture length estimated from production data is much less than that calculated using crack propagation models. Temperature logs indicate little or only modest vertical extension of the fractures above the perforations. These data, along with sandouts, point to a large increase in width of the fractures in response to pressure growth. One possible cause of pressure growth is fracture branching. A multiplicity of branches could produce a plastic-like effect. Laboratory measurements have ruled out plasticity as the cause. The stress-strain behavior of the rock is similar tomore » that of rocks where no pressure growth occurs. Pressure growth seems to be dependent on both pumping rate and fluid viscosity. Thus, there is some hope for its mitigation through treatment design. Also, pressure growth appears to correlate negatively with pay zone quality. This suggests that the phenomenon can be exploited as a fluid diversion technique.« less
An auto-invertible neural network for image halftoning and restoration (2002)

In this paper, we apply the so-called Q'tron NN (neural network) paradigm to perform image halftoning and the 'associated' image restoration. These processes are considered to be located at the different sides of the same process. On one side, the process converts a grey-tone image into a binary image, i.e., halftoning. On the other side, the process just performs the inverse, i.e., it restores a binary image to a grey-tone image. One will see that such an auto-associativity regarding the two tightly correlated images is one of the important features of a Q'tron NN. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the resulting quality of images is quite satisfactory.
Convenient Synthesis of Phenyl Pyridyl-Ethers Utilizing Fluoride Ion (1990)

Abstract Aryl pyridyl ethers were prepared from phenols and active halopyridines under essentially neutral condition via fluoride ion assisted reaction.
Antifungal Activity of<i>Lactobacillus</i>sp. Bacteria in the Presence of Xylitol and Galactosyl-Xylitol (2016)

Lactic acid fermentation is a natural method of antimicrobial food protection. Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus sp. bacteria, taking part in this process, is directed mainly against the same or other microorganisms. In this work we determine the impact of the presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol on the antagonistic activity of 60 Lactobacillus sp. strains against indicator molds (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium latenicum, Geotrichum candidum, and Mucor hiemalis) and yeasts (Candida vini). We used double-layer method to select antifungal strains of Lactobacillus bacteria and poisoned medium method to confirm their fungistatic properties. Additionally, we examined the inhibition of Alternaria brassicicola by Lactobacillus paracasei ŁOCK 0921 cultivated with xylitol or galactosyl-xylitol directly on wild cherries. The presence of xylitol and its galactosyl derivative led to increase of spectrum of antifungal activity in most of the studied plant-associated lactobacilli strains. However, no single strain exhibited activity against all the indicator microorganisms. The antifungal activity of Lactobacillus bacteria against molds varied considerably and depended on both the indicator strain and the composition of the medium. The presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol in the growth medium is correlated with the antifungal activity of the studied Lactobacillus sp. bacteria against selected indicator molds.
Development of an Expert System for the Trim Die Design in Automotive Industry (2006)

This paper presents the development of an expert system for the trim die design in the automotive industry. Designing the trim die blocks is a complicated and time-consuming process heavily relying on the experience of the designer. To reduce the design time and human errors, a knowledge base is developed to automate the design process. The developed system consists of a rule-base, a design process control module and a geometric modeler (CATIA). The rule-base includes design rules and know-how of design specialists and CATIA is used to provide CAD environment. The rule-base and the design control modules are developed with C++ language as an interface to CATIA. Using the rule-base, the designer can generate design alternatives easily by changing the design parameters. Also, the part-list is created automatically so that miscommunication between the design department and production department can be avoided
Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors Regulate AMPA Receptor Channels through Inhibiting Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II in Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons (2002)

We have studied the regulation of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptor channels by serotonin signaling in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC). Application of serotonin reduced the amplitude of AMPA-evoked currents, an effect mimicked by 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists and blocked by 5-HT(1A) antagonists, indicating the mediation by 5-HT(1A) receptors. The serotonergic modulation of AMPA receptor currents was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) activators and occluded by PKA inhibitors. Inhibiting the catalytic activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) also eliminated the effect of serotonin on AMPA currents. Furthermore, the serotonergic modulation of AMPA currents was occluded by application of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors and blocked by intracellular injection of calmodulin or recombinant CaMKII. Application of serotonin or 5-HT(1A) agonists to PFC slices reduced CaMKII activity and the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 at the CaMKII site in a PP1-dependent manner. We concluded that serotonin, by activating 5-HT(1A) receptors, suppress glutamatergic signaling through the inhibition of CaMKII, which is achieved by the inhibition of PKA and ensuing activation of PP1. This modulation demonstrates the critical role of CaMKII in serotonergic regulation of PFC neuronal activity, which may explain the neuropsychiatric behavioral phenotypes seen in CaMKII knockout mice.
ChemInform Abstract: RING‐A OXYGENATED DERIVATIVES OF 5α‐ AND 5β‐CARDENOLIDES (1983)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (I) wird zunächst in die Za‐substituierten Derivate (II) übergeführt.
Monnaie électronique : un jour nouveau ou une aube trompeuse ? (2002)

Résumé Peut-on traiter de l'avenir de la protection sociale en trois articles ? Evidemment non. Pour nourrir cependant le plus largement possible la discussion, nous avons fait le choix de trois angles d'approche. Partir de notre propre système : quels sont les avenirs possibles de la protection sociale en France ? Elargir à l'Europe : quelles sont les dynamiques à l'oeuvre dans les pays de l'Union européenne ? Enfin poser la question de la redistribution : quels effets les différents systèmes ont-ils sur la réduction des inégalités ?
Controlled Polymerization of a Cyclic Diene Prepared from the Ring-Closing Metathesis of a Naturally Occurring Monoterpene (2009)

The diene 3-methylenecyclopentene (2) was synthesized from the naturally occurring monoterpene myrcene (1) by ring-closing metathesis using Grubbs second generation catalyst. Radical, anionic, and cationic polymerizations of 2 were investigated. The anionic polymerization of 2 with sec-butyllithium (s-BuLi) in cyclohexane gave poly-2 in quantitative yield, with a narrow molecular weight distribution and predictable molecular weight based on the molar ratio of 2 and s-BuLi. Radical polymerization of 2 was also successful using AIBN as the initiator. Samples of poly-2 obtained from the anionic and radical polymerization of 2 possessed mixed regiochemistry (i.e., 4,3 and 1,4 addition). The cationic polymerization of 2 proceeded smoothly to afford regiopure 1,4-poly-2. For example, the i-BuOCH(Cl)Me/ZnCl(2)/Et(2)O initiating system afforded 1,4-poly-2 with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. Samples of 1,4-poly-2 were semicrystalline as determined by differential scanning calorimetry.
Covenant and Compact: Bases for Citizen Obligation (1992)

Views on the role of the government and the role of the citizen have changed in modern America, leading to an idea that government is the provider of goods to be consumed and that citizens have no obligations to with respect to the government.Thefounding documents of America suggest that this is not so.Rather, the American founding is based on the ideas of covenant and compact.