gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Neural Network Assisted Equalization for FTN Signaling (2020)

In this paper, we consider the application of neural network for equalization of Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) Signaling. First, we formulate the detection problem as a supervised regression task in machine learning framework. Then a recurrent neural network (RNN) called Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) is proposed to characterize the feature of inter-symbol interference (ISI) introduced in FTN Signaling. Moreover, we describe a “mismatch SNR” strategy for building the training Dataset that can effectively help to prevent overfitting. Numerical results prove that the BER performance of the proposed neural network based detector is close to the theoretical optimal maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) when symbol rate within the Mazo Limit, and Bi-LSTM could be a more realistic scheme compare with MLSE when symbol rate exceeds the Mazo Limit.
Polymer-Bound Antioxidants (1984)

Abstract The service demands placed on finished rubber products continue to increase year after year. Tires, hose, automotive belts, and components are expected to perform without failure for periods which are now two to three times those expected just ten years ago. Many of these increased demands are the result of radical and innovative changes in the design and construction of rubber products. One obvious change has been the change from bias ply to radial passenger tire construction. This has increased the expected service mileage from approximately 20 000 miles (32 Mm) to over 40 000 miles (64 Mm). Other changes have resulted in response to environmental legislation. The switch to nonleaded gasoline has increased the aromatic content of our fuel. It has also resulted in the use of additional and different fuel additives such as methanol, ethanol, and t -butylmethyl ether. These aggressive solvent changes obviously affect the extractability of stabilizers from hose products. Additional legislation has changed mileage and pollution requirements for engines. This has, in general, increased the operating temperature under the hood, resulting in more severe aging conditions for belts, cables, and hoses. At the same time, it has increased the demands placed on seals and gaskets which are in contact with hot lubricating oils. Similar situations also apply in areas outside the automotive area. Rubber products used in the garment and carpet industries are also exposed to extraction conditions during detergent washing and dry cleaning processes.
Adaptive scalable texture compression (2012)

We describe a fixed-rate, lossy texture compression system that is designed to offer an unusual degree of flexibility and to support a very wide range of use cases, while providing better image quality than most formats in common use today. The system supports both 2D and 3D textures, at both standard and high dynamic range, at bit rates ranging from eight bits per pixel down to less than one bit per pixel in very fine steps. At any bit rate, texels can have from one to four color components. The system's flexibility results from a number of novel features. Color spaces and weights are represented using an encoding scheme that allows flexible allocation of bits between different types of information. The system uses bilinear interpolation to derive color space coordinates for a texel from sparse samples, and uses a procedural partition function to map texels to color spaces.
Detecting delocalization (2008)

As the bonding in many compounds can be adequately described using localized, two-centre two-electron bonds, the electronic structure of molecules where such a description is inadequate is often chemically very interesting. Three-centre bond orders provide a useful tool for detecting the presence and analyzing the importance of multicentre and hypervalent effects. To depict the resulting chemical structures, a graphical device is introduced which constructs the chemical connections ab initio from the electronic structure. The three-centre, two-electron bonding in a set of electron-deficient boranes and the three-centre, four-electron bonding in a set of electron-rich xenon fluorides has been analyzed and the approach has been used to test for the occurrence and importance of pseudo-aromatic, closed-loops in polyoxometalates.
Perflenapent emulsion (echogen®): A new long-acting phase-shift agent for contrast echocardiography (1997)

Perflenapent emulsion (EchoGen, SONUS Pharmaceuticals, Bothell, Wash.) is a phase-shift colloid that is the first of a new class of intravenously injectable fluorocarbon-based ultrasound contrast agents, representing a significant advance in contrast echocardiography. Unlike currently available contrast agents, perflenapent emulsion effectively opacifies the left ventricle and enhances endocardial border delineation. The persistence of the contrast effect permits interrogation in multiple echocardiographic views. Perflenapent emulsion should permit the use of echocardiography to visualize and localize myocardial perfusion deficits at rest by producing a negative contrast effect, allowing physicians to diagnose coronary artery disease, including the extent of a lesion's impact on the perfusion of the myocardium, in a timely and cost-efficient manner. Perflenapent emulsion is also easy to use and requires no preparation, reconstitution, or refrigeration.
Antihypertensive ergolinepropionamides. (1983)

The synthesis and the antihypertensive activity in rats of a series of 6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl-propionic acid derivatives are reported. The prolactin lowering activity (nidation inhibition test) in rats and the acute toxicity in mice were also studied as a measure of the specificity and safety of the potential antihypertensive compounds. From the structure-activity considerations reported here it is clear how modifications at the C8 side chain can improve the selectivity of the antihypertensive effects, whilst introducing substituents in other positions of the ergoline skeleton afforded unfavourable results in this respect. Compound 5, namely 2(R,S)-cyano-3-(6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl)-propionamide, emerged as the most interesting antihypertensive derivative.
Oral tramadol and buprenorphine in tumour pain. An Italian multicentre trial. (1996)

In this multicentre trial tramadol and buprenorphine were compared for the treatment of neoplastic pain no longer responsive to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A total of 131 adults (86 M, 45F) were treated with tramadol (one 100-mg slow-release tablet every 8-12 h), or buprenorphine (one sublingual 0.2-mg tablet every 6-8 h). The trial was to continue for up to six months. Most patients started treatment with 2-3 tablets/day in both groups, and the mean treatment period was 58 days for tramadol and 51 for buprenorphine. Almost all dose changes needed were made in the first fortnight in both treatment groups, and the largest number of patients dropped out because of inadequate pain relief or progression of the underlying disease. The results achieved in the first two weeks persisted throughout the rest of the trial, and the investigator's assessments on each patient's clinical chart corresponded closely with those that patients made in their own daily diaries. In the four hours after the first dose both drugs virtually halved the severity of pain (measured using a visual analogue scale), and this relief lasted throughout treatment. By the end of the first week the proportion of patients with strong/unbearable pain in the tramadol group had fallen significantly (from 98.4% to 48.1%, p < 0.05), as compared to a drop from 92% to 66.7% for buprenorphine. The quality of sleep also tended to improve in the tramadol group, with the proportion of patients enjoying good or deep sleep rising from 37% to 50%, as compared to 33% to 40-44% with buprenorphine. Karnofsky's and Spitzer's indices reflecting the quality of life did not change in the tramadol group; in the buprenorphine group the Karnofsky index dropped slightly after a fortnight (p < 0.05 between treatments). In the first two months of the trial the number of patients with no/moderate pain rose continuously in the tramadol group (71% and 80% after one and two months); the rise was less marked in the buprenorphine group (number of patients with mild/moderate pain, 45% and 65%). In both the short term and in the longer term, it was found that the levels of efficacy and acceptability were always significantly better in the tramadol group than in the buprenorphine group. General and biological safety in both drugs was good. The most typical side-effects were those characteristic of opioids (nausea and/or vomiting, drowsiness). Adverse reactions were reported in 17 patients taking tramadol (25%) and in 16 taking buprenorphine (26%). There were six drop-outs in the first group (9%) and seven in the second (11%). Serious symptoms arose more frequently in the buprenorphine group (19% cf. 10%). No signs of dependence or tolerance were noted.
Nucleotide sequence of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B gene and relationship between the toxin and the streptococcal proteinase precursor (1990)

The streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) type B-encoding structural gene, speB, was subcloned from a 4.5-kilobase streptococcal DNA insert onto a 2.4-kilobase insert, which was then sequenced. Studies indicated that a 1,194-base-pair open reading frame encoded a 398-amino-acid protein. Removal of the putative signal peptide resulted in a mature protein with 371 residues (molecular weight, 40,314), which was subsequently proteolyzed to yield a 253-residue breakdown product (molecular weight, 27,588). This processing was confirmed by amino-terminal sequencing of both the 40,314-molecular-weight protein and the breakdown product. Monte Carlo analysis indicated that SPE B was relatively dissimilar to other members of the pyrogenic toxin family that also includes SPEs A and C, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and the staphylococcal enterotoxins. Comparison with the published amino acid sequence of streptococcal proteinase precursor as well as DNA hybridization experiments indicated that SPE B is a variant of this protein even though the particular gene sequenced did not encode a proteolytically active molecule.
Brushless doubly-fed induction machine with rotating power electronic converter for wind power applications (2011)

This paper introduces, simulates and analyzes a new topology of a brushless doubly-fed induction machine with rotating power electronic converter for wind power applications. Topology consists of two machines, one is the main machine which is directly connected to the grid while the second machine is the auxiliary machine which handles the slip power. The rotor of the two machines are connected via a power electronic converter which is mounted on the shaft and rotates with it. The steady state equivalent circuit of the two machine configuration is developed and analyzed. It is shown through simulations that the stator terminals of the machine can be operated at a unity power factor for variable speed range. Furthermore, it is shown that the presented system operates at a high efficiency at rated load and unity power factor.
Internal calibration to absolute values in flowthrough particle size analysis (1978)

Using a double-beam technique, a laser flowthrough microphotometer is described that allows internal calibrated size measurements of particles and suspension without the need of reference measurements. Nonspherical particles are oriented in a single file and their longest axes are measured by light absorption analysis. Additional information may be derived from light scattering. The size range is limited only by the flow system, and spans from 2 to 300 microm within a single measurement at the present design. Particle and cell analysis can exceed the rate of 100 000/s. Latex microspheres were analyzed and the data compared to that from microscopic examination. An example of the cell classification obtainable is given for stored human blood.
Development of 'information collection and delivery sensor base system' for large-scale power systems (1992)

The authors present a real-time database system capable of collecting and delivering a large amount of information accurately at a high speed and by a simple method. This system has a microprocessor unit (MPU) for each private communication line around the main memory and coordinates the independent parallel operation for a number of these MPUs with the main memory access operation, using a fixed cyclic scan method and having all the MPUs perform multi-operation. Many advantages can be expected when this method is adopted, especially for the monitoring and control of power systems. Degradation of the system can be avoided during an information rush due to accidents, and it can be easily extended when adding to or expanding the power facilities in the future. Excellent daily maintainability can be assured, and a low overall cost can be expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frame synchronization for a channel with different data rates (2002)

In some communication links, different data rates are used at different times on the same channel and each is assigned a separate frame synchronization (sync) marker. The frame search is completed within a finite number of frame intervals once both phase-lock and bit-sync are achieved because the incoming data rate can change. The probability of failure to frame-lock, and an upper bound of probability of false frame-lock in a frame search mode are derived for a communication link with a 10/sup -5/ bit error probability. The probability of failure to detect data rate change and the probability of false detection of data rate change in a frame-lock mode are discussed. In a frame-lock mode, the probability of failure to detect data rate change was equal to 0.12*10/sup -6/ and the probability of false detection of data rate change was equal to 0.496*10/sup -11/. A frame-lock device can be used for the Space Station Freedom Ku-band return link.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and immunogenicity of genetically obtained pneumolysin toxoids and their conjugation to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F polysaccharide (1991)

As part of an ongoing study concerned with improving human vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, the genes for two defined pneumolysin (PL) toxoids (pneumolysoids), Pd-A (PL with a Cys----Gly substitution at amino acid 428) and Pd-B (PL with a Trp----Phe substitution at position 433), were inserted into the high-expression vector pKK233-2 in Escherichia coli and the pneumolysoids were purified. Groups of mice which had been immunized with either Pd-A, Pd-B, or native PL purified from S. pneumoniae were then challenged either intranasally or intraperitoneally with virulent pneumococci. Mice in all immunized groups survived significantly longer than sham-immunized controls. Both pneumolysoids were more effective than PL as protective immunogens. Pneumolysoid Pd-B was conjugated covalently with pneumococcal type 19F capsular polysaccharide (19F PS), and the immunogenicities of both the protein and the PS moieties of the conjugate in mice were determined. Significant anti-PL titers were obtained, and the immunogenicity of the 19F PS moiety was markedly enhanced compared with that of unconjugated PS. Conjugation also appears to have converted the 19F PS into an antigen capable of inducing a booster effect. These results support the notion that the efficacy of human, PS-based antipneumococcal vaccines might be improved by supplementation with pneumolysoid in the form of a covalent pneumolysoid-PS conjugate.
Static, Vibration Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis of Stepped Beams Using Singularity Functions (2014)

A systematic approach is presented in this paper to derive the analytical deflection function of a stepped beam using singularity functions. The discontinuities considered in this development are associated with the jumps in the flexural rigidity and the applied loads. This approach is applied to static and vibration analyses of stepped beams. The same approach is later extended to perform sensitivity analysis of stepped beams. This is done by directly differentiating the analytical deflection function with respect to any beam-related design variable. The particular design variable considered here is the location of discontinuity in flexural rigidity. Example problems are presented in this paper to demonstrate and verify the derivation process.
[1-(2-Phenylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl]- titanium Compounds. Synthesis and Their Use for the Syndiospecific Polymerization of Styrene (1996)

A series of monocyclopentadienyltitanium complexes containing the 1-(2-phenylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand (C5Me4CH2CH2Ph) have been synthesized and characterized. The reaction of C5Me4(SiMe3)CH2CH2Ph (2) with TiCl4 was used to synthesized the trichloro complex (C5Me4CH2CH2Ph)TiCl3 (3), the molecular structure of which was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study. Compound 3 was further converted into (C5Me4CH2CH2Ph)TiMe3 (4). Reaction of the latter with 1 equiv of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] was almost quantitative to give the “cationic” compound [(C5Me4CH2CH2Ph)TiMe2]+[B(C6F5)4]- (5). Complex 5 was thermally unstable in solution and very moisture sensitive. Compound 4 was readily hydrolyzed to [(C5Me4CH2CH2Ph)TiMe2]2(μ-O) (6) upon recrystallization in wet pentane. Structural data indicate intramolecular coordination of the phenyl group to titanium in compound 5, whereas there are no such indications for 3, 4, or 6. The catalytic performance for styrene polymerization of 3 activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) has been compared with the nonsubstituted reference compound (C5Me5)TiCl3 (7). Complex 5, prepared in situ by reacting 4 with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], has also been found to be active for the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. The polymerization data for 3 and 5 lead to the tentative suggestion that the active species is in equilibrium between two states, one with and one without intramolecular phenyl coordination to Ti. These findings would be consistent with postulated multihapto coordination of styrene by both the vinylic double bond and the aromatic ring to the metal center during the catalytic process.
Estimation of capacity and required transmission power of WCDMA downlink based on a downlink pole equation (2002)

A simple method is derived for estimating the downlink capacity and required base station transmission power in a WCDMA system. This is based on a downlink pole equation which is mostly similar with the well known CDMA uplink pole equation. It is shown that the total downlink transmission power is composed of two terms. The first term is equal to what would be needed in the absence of interference and the second one shows the increase due to multiple access interference which is inversely proportional to 1-/spl eta//sub DL/ where /spl eta//sub DL/ is called the downlink loading. The method can be used in radio network dimensioning where extensive simulations can not be run. Usage of the method is demonstrated by some examples.
Coherent scattering and matrix correction in bone-lead measurements (2000)

The technique of K shell x-ray fluorescence of lead in bone has been used in many studies of the health effects of lead. This paper addresses one aspect of the technique, namely the coherent conversion factor (CCF) which converts between the matrix of the calibration standards and those of human bone. The CCF is conventionally considered a constant but is a function of scattering angle. energy and the elemental composition of the matrices. The aims of this study were to quantify the effect on the CCF of several assumptions which may not have been tested adequately and to compare the CCFs for plaster of Paris (the present matrix of calibration standards) and a synthetic apatite matrix. The CCF was calculated, using relativistic form factors, for published compositions of bone, both assumed and assessed compositions of plaster, and the synthetic apatite. The main findings of the study were, first, that impurities in plaster, lead in the plaster or bone matrices, coherent scatter from non-bone tissues and the individual subject's measurement geometry are all minor or negligible effects; and, second, that the synthetic apatite matrix is more representative of bone mineral than is plaster of Paris.
QRS detection based on hidden Markov modeling (2003)

An experiment is described to investigate the application of hidden Markov modeling (HMM) to QRS detection. Previously reported detection algorithms employ decision rule stages which require specification and adjustment of numerous parameters for adequate detection accuracy. The hidden Markov modeling approach provides automatic estimation of all parameters in the decision rule stage from each ECG file undergoing analysis. Preliminary results using a simple HMM detector show performance comparable to that of a multiparameter threshold based decision rule scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Lead Leachability from Cathode Ray Tubes Using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (2000)

Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in television and computer monitors are one of the most common components of discarded electronics in the solid waste stream. CRTs present a disposal problem because of their growing magnitude in municipal solid waste (MSW) and their role as a major source of lead in MSW. Using the EPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), lead leachability from CRTs was studied. Lead leached from the CRT samples at an average concentration of 18.5 mg/L. This exceeded the regulatory limit of 5.0 mg/L. Several factors affected the lead concentrations of each CRT sample. These included the sample fraction of the CRTs, the particle size used in the tests, and the CRT type. The most significant quantities of lead were obtained from the funnel portion of the CRTs at an average lead concentration of 75.3 mg/L. The major source of lead in the funnel is the frit seal of color CRTs. Samples containing the frit seal had lead leaching levels nearly 50 times those without. Samples comprised of smaller particle sizes exposed a greater surface area resulting in higher lead leaching levels. While 21 of 30 color CRTs exceeded regulatory lead limits, none of the six monochrome CRTs did. Age of the CRTs was not a significant factor for lead leaching. These results provide useful information to the regulatory and waste management community for developing policies for managing discarded CRTs.
Subtype-specific cyclic AMP-dependent histone H1 phosphorylation at the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells. (1990)

At the initial phase of cell differentiation in mouse neuroblastoma (N18) induced by dibutyrylcyclic AMP (dbcAMP), an additional site of histone H1 was extensively phosphorylated. Forskolin and various phosphodiesterase inhibitors also induced both cell differentiation and H1 phosphorylation at the identical site. The phosphorylation preferentially occurred in a single H1 subtype (H1c) among the five (H1a-e) fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. The three H1 subtypes of N18 (H1c, H1d, and H1e) were phosphorylated in vitro, and their amino acid sequences of the phosphopeptides were identical to the known sequence of rabbit H1 peptides containing a serine 37 residue. However, the amount of H1a and H1b phosphorylations was negligible. The serine residue was replaced by threonine residue in H1a, and H1b did not have a homologous peptide. The tryptic phosphopeptides of H1 in N18 were identical to that in rat liver H1 induced by glucagon (Langan, T.A. (1969) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64, 1276-1283). The results indicate that 1) the response of H1 subtypes to cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vivo and in vitro is H1 subtype-specific, and 2) the H1c phosphorylation may play an important role in the restrictive area of chromatin in both cell differentiation and hormonal stimulation mediated by cAMP.