gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EUI1, Encoding a Putative Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase, Regulates Internode Elongation by Modulating Gibberellin Responses in Rice (2005)

Elongation of rice internodes is one of the most important agronomic traits, which determines the plant height and underlies the grain yield. It has been shown that the elongation of internodes is under genetic control, and various factors are implicated in the process. Here, we report a detailed characterization of an elongated uppermost internode1 (eui1) mutant, which has been used in hybrid rice breeding. In the eui1-2 mutant, the cell lengths in the uppermost internodes are significantly longer than that of wild type and thus give rise to the elongated uppermost internode. It was found that the level of active gibberellin was elevated in the mutant, whereas its growth in response to gibberellin is similar to that of the wild type, suggesting that the higher level accumulation of gibberellin in the eui1 mutant causes the abnormal elongation of the uppermost internode. Consistently, the expression levels of several genes which encode gibberellin biosynthesis enzymes were altered. We cloned the EUI1 gene, which encodes a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, by map-based cloning and found that EUI1 was weakly expressed in most tissues, but preferentially in young panicles. To confirm its function, transgenic experiments with different constructs of EUI1 were conducted. Overexpression of EUI1 gave rise to the gibberellin-deficient-like phenotypes, which could be partially reversed by supplementation with gibberellin. Furthermore, apart from the alteration of expression levels of the gibberellin biosynthesis genes, accumulation of SLR1 protein was found in the overexpressing transgenic plants, indicating that the expression level of EUI1 is implicated in both gibberellin-mediated SLR1 destruction and a feedback regulation in gibberellin biosynthesis. Therefore, we proposed that EUI1 plays a negative role in gibberellin-mediated regulation of cell elongation in the uppermost internode of rice.
Heat and Mass Transfer in Making Artificial Snow (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat and Mass Transfer in Making Artificial SnowJamin Chen and Victor KevorkianCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1971, 10, 1, 75–78Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260037a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i260037a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Human Factors in Interface Design (2002)

This paper discusses the issues of human factors that affect interface design. It addresses the challenges that system analysts may face. It presents the strategies of incorporating human factor engineering into the process of system analysis and design. The user performance and their mental models are also discussed.
Genetic aspects of psoriasis (2001)

Epidemiological studies indicate that genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Multiple genes are likely to be involved, interacting not only with each other but also with the environment to cause disease expression. Molecular genetic studies indicate that there are multiple susceptibility loci present throughout the human genome. It is clear that a gene or genes of major impact on psoriasis is present on chromosome 6 within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Linkage disequilibrium studies indicate this gene to reside within a 300 kb interval centred around the centromeric end of class I MHC. Known candidate genes in this region are HLA-C, corneodesmosin and HCR, although novel genes, as yet unknown, may also exist. There is accumulating evidence that HLA-C is not itself the causative gene but rather a marker for it. Identification of the genes involved in psoriasis susceptibility will represent a step forward in our understanding of the disease and our future ability to help patients with psoriasis.
Expression of Novel Opsins and Intrinsic Light Responses in the Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cell Line RGC-5. Presence of OPN5 in the Rat Retina (2011)

The vertebrate retina is known to contain three classes of photoreceptor cells: cones and rods responsible for vision, and intrinsically photoresponsive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) involved in diverse non-visual functions such as photic entrainment of daily rhythms and pupillary light responses. In this paper we investigated the potential intrinsic photoresponsiveness of the rat RGC line, RGC-5, by testing for the presence of visual and non-visual opsins and assessing expression of the immediate-early gene protein c-Fos and changes in intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in response to brief light pulses. Cultured RGC-5 cells express a number of photopigment mRNAs such as retinal G protein coupled receptor (RGR), encephalopsin/panopsin (Opn3), neuropsin (Opn5) and cone opsin (Opn1mw) but not melanopsin (Opn4) or rhodopsin. Opn5 immunoreactivity was observed in RGC-5 cells and in the inner retina of rat, mainly localized in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Furthermore, white light pulses of different intensities and durations elicited changes both in intracellular Ca(2+) levels and in the induction of c-Fos protein in RGC-5 cell cultures. The results demonstrate that RGC-5 cells expressing diverse putative functional photopigments display intrinsic photosensitivity which accounts for the photic induction of c-Fos protein and changes in intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. The presence of Opn5 in the GCL of the rat retina suggests the existence of a novel type of photoreceptor cell.
Adaptive and digital blind calibration of transfer function mismatch in time-interleaved ADCs (2015)

In this paper we propose a digital blind calibration scheme for Time-Interleaved ADCs based on transfer function mismatch which corrects gain, time-skew and bandwidth mismatch errors. The estimation of mismatches uses an adaptive filtering structure with a lowpass filter combined to a fractional delay filter. The compensation is based on the development of a matrix approach to cancel the effect of mismatches. The algorithm was tested with a two-channel 14-bits ADCs board connected to a FPGA and the results show the effectiveness of the technique.
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ssp. pectinatum (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev (2004)

Prikazane su osnovne osobine i rasprostranjenost svojte Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ssp. pectinatum (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev, te je dana procjena ugroženosti prema IUCN kriterijima.
Spirodiclofen and Spiromesifen – Novel Acaricidal and Insecticidal Tetronic Acid Derivatives with a New Mode of Action (2003)

The broad spectrum acaricides spirodiclofen (BAJ2740, trade name: Envidor®) and spiromesifen (BSN2060, trade name: Oberon®) with an additional excellent activity against whiteflies, both belong to the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives discovered at Bayer CropScience during the 1990s. The discovery process starting from herbicidal PPO (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) chemistry, the synthetic routes leading to the products, and some insight into process development of central intermediates is given. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen have a new mode of action (interference with lipid biosynthesis), show no cross-resistance to any resistant mite or whitefly field population and are therefore valuable tools for resistance management.
Allenic derivatives of nucleic acid components and their transformation products: a new class of biologically active nucleoside analogues. (1987)

Reaction of adenine (1a) or cytosine (1b) with excess 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne catalyzed by K2CO3 in (CH3)2SO gave the 4-chloro-2-butynyl derivatives 2a and 2b. The latter were converted to the 4-hydroxy-2-butynyl compounds 3a and 3b by refluxing in 0.1 M HCl. Isomerization of 3a in 0.1 M NaOH at 100 degrees C for 1 h gave an equilibrium mixture of 3a and allene 4a. Pure 4a was obtained by column chromatography. Similarly, compound 3b was transformed/0.1 M NaOH, 20% aq. dioxane, 9 h, 100 degrees C/ to a mixture of 3b and 4b from which pure 4b was obtained by chromatography and crystallization. By contrast, reflux of 3a or 3b in 1 M NaOH in 50% aq. dioxane for 1 h afforded cyclized products - dihydrofuryl derivatives 5a and 5b. Hydrogenation of 4a and 5a gave 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)adenine (6a) and 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine (7a), respectively. Scope and limitations of allenic isomerization in nucleic acid base series, spectroscopy and biological activity of the obtained products will be discussed.
Recent Developments - Goldsworthy Mining Limited (1973)

Goldsworthy Mining Limited is a company formed to operate on behalf of three joint venturers, the first of the iron ore operations to be established. The recent developments in the company are stated in the paper.
Distributed transmit beamforming in cellular networks - a convex optimization perspective (2005)

This paper considers a scenario where multiple antenna base stations use transmit beamforming to communicate with single antenna mobiles with minimum receive signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) constraints. In this system, minimizing the total power expenditure requires solving a non-convex optimization problem. A semi-definite program (SDP) relaxation can be used to convert the non-convex problem to a centralized SDP that can be solved efficiently and optimally with convex optimization techniques. Using the properties of the dual of this SDP relaxation, a two-stage iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the decentralized version of the problem. In the first stage, limited amount of centralized feedback is used to find the optimum beamforming directions through distributed eigenvalue computations. The second stage uses the distributed autonomous power control technique proposed by Foschini and Miljanic for single antenna systems.
8 Gb/s 8:1 multiplexer and 1:8 demultiplexer IC's using GaAs DCFL circuit (1992)

High-speed 8:1 multiplexer and 1:8 demultiplexer ICs composed of GaAs direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL) have been designed and fabricated. The ICs were designed with a tree-type architecture and using memory-cell-type flip-flops (MCFFs). Self-aligned GaAs MESFETs with a gate length of 0.5 mu m were used in these ICs. The propagation delay time of the DCFL inverter was 19.0 ps/gate. Both ICs operated up to 8 Gb/s with power dissipations of 1.5 W for the multiplexer and 1.9 W for the demultiplexer at a single power supply voltage of 2.0 V. These ICs are applicable for multigigabit lightwave communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison Between Angioplasty Using Compliant and Noncompliant Balloons for Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm Associated With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2011)

No clear difference was observed between compliant and noncompliant balloons for therapeutic angioplasty in preventing angiographic recurrence or the need for repeat angioplasty in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage-related cerebral vasospasm. An immediate normal or supranormal vessel diameter after the first-time angioplasty resulted in a significant reduction in the need for repeat angioplasty.
Triplet-triplet annihilation in a poly(fluorene)-derivative (2001)

We report on measurements of phosphorescence (Ph) and delayed fluorescence (DF) in poly(2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene)) (PF2/6) present as dilute solid solution, as well as in bulk films. From combined experimental investigations of the time and intensity dependence of DF and Ph, as well as the temperature dependence of DF, we are able to show that DF in PF2/6, both in solution and film, is dominated by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). As a consequence of the intrachain diffusion and, hence, relaxation of triplets, the kinetics of the bimolecular reaction show a turnover from dispersive to nondispersive regime as borne out by the DF decay. This is in accord with theoretical predictions of TTA in disordered solids. From the transition to equilibrium kinetics, we are able to estimate the width of the density of states of triplets to 40 meV in good agreement with the width of the inhomogeneous broadenend S0←T1 transition of PF2/6.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of colorless rigid‐rod poly(benzobisthiazole) derived from bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (1994)

Abstract Polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid of 2,5‐diamino‐1,4‐benzene dithiol dihydrochloride with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid, as well as the corresponding dimethyl ester or diacid chloride, led to rigid‐rod benzobisthiazole polymers. Colorless and soluble polymers with intrinsic viscosities as high as 30.6 dL/g (methanesulfonic acid, 30°C) were obtained. The ultraviolet‐visible spectrum of a polymer film cast from methanesulfonic acid under reduced pressure displayed no absorptions in the visible range (400–900 °m). The polymer was thermooxidatively stable up to 420°C in air as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Fibers spun from a lyotropic polyphosphoric acid solution exhibited a tensile strength of 300–450 Ksi, a modulus of 26 Msi, and a compressive strength of 53 Ksi. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering patterns of polymer fibers indicated a 3‐dimensional crystal structure rather than a nematic liquid crystal structure. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment (2000)

There have been considerable advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. There is still a lack of consensus about the optimal therapeutic strategy of such conditions, however. Drugs are generally selected on the basis of their established efficacy in randomized controlled studies in etiologically based groups of patients. These studies have been important in confirming the efficacy of antidepressants, antiepileptics, local anesthetics and derivatives, capsaicin, opioids, and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists in neuropathic pain, specifically painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia. More specific therapeutic strategies based on precise quantified assessment of the various components of neuropathic pain are now increasingly used and may provide insight regarding the effects of treatments of particular symptoms (e.g., allodynia, hyperalgesia). In some cases, such assessment may also help to analyze the mechanisms involved in pain, thus allowing selection of treatment on a more rational basis. A mechanism-based approach seems promising for clinical research studies, although its application in current management remains challenging.
The Development of Regulatory Functions From Birth to 5 Years: Insights From Premature Infants (2009)

This study examined physiological, emotional, and attentional regulatory functions as predictors of self-regulation in 125 infants followed 7 times from birth to 5 years. Physiological regulation was assessed by neonatal vagal tone and sleep-wake cyclicity; emotion regulation by response to stress at 3, 6, and 12 months; and attention regulation by focused attention and delayed response in the 2nd year. Executive functions, behavior adaptation, and self-restraint were measured at 5 years. Regulatory functions showed stability across time, measures, and levels. Structural modeling demonstrated both mediated paths from physiological to self-regulation through emotional and attentional processes and direct continuity between vagal tone and each level of regulation. Results support the coherence of the regulation construct and are consistent with neurobiological models on self and consciousness.
Effect of porosity on the effective magnetostriction of polycrystals (2000)

Explicit relations for determining the effective magnetostriction of polycrystals with cubic magnetostrictive crystallites and pores are derived based on the Green’s function technique. For comparison, two extreme approximations-the Reuss and Voigt-type approximations-are also given. To illustrate the technique, the influence of porosity on the effective saturation magnetostriction of common magnetostrictive metals (Fe and Ni), giant magnetostrictive alloy terfenol-D, and Fe–Co spinel are illustrated. The theoretical estimates show an interesting nonmonotonic concentration dependence of magnetostrictive behavior of the polycrystals with such magnetostrictive microcrystallites as Ni and Fe–Co spinel, whose magnetic easy axes are 〈100〉 axes rather than 〈111〉 axes.
N-acetylcysteine for prevention of radiocontrast induced nephrotoxicity: the importance of dose and route of administration (2005)

Dose and route of administration of N-acetylcysteine are key factors to consider when evaluating whether this agent is effective in preventing radiocontrast induced nephropathy.
Comparison of Novel Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Tape Versus Conventional Metal Wire for Sublaminar Segmental Fixation in the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2007)

The efficacy of Nesplon tape in correction of deformity is equivalent to that of metal wire, and fusion was completed without significant correction loss. The soft and flexible properties and flat configuration of Nesplon tape make this a safe application for the treatment of AIS with bone fragility or with the fusion areas containing the spinal cord.
Space-charge-dominated mass spectrometry ion sources: Modeling and sensitivity (1991)

The factors determining the sensitivity of space-charge-dominated (SCD) unipolar ion sources, such as electrospray (ESP) and corona atmospheric pressure ionization (API) have been studied theoretically. The most important parameters are the ion density and ion drift time in the vicinity of the sampling orifice. These are obtained by solving a system of differential equations, "the space-charge problem." For some simple geometries, analytical solutions are known. For a more realistic "needle-in-can" geometry, a solution to the space-charge problem was obtained using a finite-element method. The results illustrate some general characteristics of SCD ion sources. It is shown that for typical operating conditions the minimum voltage required to overcome the space-charge effect in corona API or ESP ion sources constitutes a dominant or significant fraction of total applied voltage. Further, the electric field and the ion density in the region of the ion-sampling orifice as well as the ion residence time in the source are determined mainly by the space charge. Finally, absolute sensitivities of corona API ion sources were calculated by using a geometry-independent treatment of space charge.
Joint 3D Inversion of Direct and Reflected Arrivals from Surface and SWD Seismic Data (1998)

Vertical Seismic Profiles (VSP) provide an effective tie between well information (as logs and core analysis) and surface seismics, by linking the local geology to the Earth reflectivity. Seismic tomography gets similar benefits from the joint inversion of direct and reflected arrivals, recorded both at the surface and in a well.
Practical nonvolatile multilevel-cell phase change memory (2013)

Multilevel-cell (MLC) phase change memory (PCM) may provide both high capacity main memory and faster-than-Flash persistent storage. But slow growth in cell resistance with time, resistance drift, can cause transient errors in MLC-PCM. Drift errors increase with time, and prior work suggests refresh before the cell loses data. The need for refresh makes MLC-PCM volatile, taking away a key advantage. Based on the observation that most drift errors occur in a particular state in four-level-cell PCM, we propose to change from four levels to three levels, eliminating the most vulnerable state. This simple change lowers cell drift error rates by many orders of magnitude: three-level-cell PCM can retain data without power for more than ten years. With optimized encoding/decoding and a wearout tolerance mechanism, we can narrow the capacity gap between three-level and four-level cells. These techniques together enable low-cost, high-performance, genuinely nonvolatile MLC-PCM.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of epithelial tissue throughout the dysplasia‐carcinoma sequence in an animal model: Spectroscopic changes precede morphologic changes (2001)

Fluorescence spectroscopy provides a potential tool to identify biochemical changes associated with dysplasia and hyperplasia, which precede morphologic changes observed in histologically stained sections.
[A study of dietary intakes and dietary preferences by questionnaire at a health facility in an urban area]. (1992)

Dietary preferences and intakes of 2504 patients in a human dock in Tokyo were studied by questionnaire and analyzed according to: 1. Comparison of dietary patterns for breakfast to that for lunch and dinner. 2. Consistency between dietary patterns according to Category Score Table for Breakfast and that from Hayashi's Quantification Theory Type III (QIII). Dietary patterns for breakfast were shown to fall into four Types based on dietary intakes and dietary preferences: Balanced Diet-Japanese Style (Type 1); Balanced Diet-Western Style (Type 2); Unbalanced Diet-Western Style (Type 3); and Unbalanced Diet-with drinks (Type 4). Based on the responses to the questionnaire, there was no correlation between the dietary pattern for lunch to that for breakfast. On the other hand, the dietary pattern for dinner tended to correlate with breakfast. The sample population was divided into two random groups A and B. Group A was analyzed by QIII, and B by the four types of breakfast dietary patterns. Comparison of scores for categorized values for Group A with those of the Group B indicated 91.8% consistent rate. These results, demonstrate that this questionnaire can be used effectively to sort intakes into four dietary patterns, and may be useful in preventive health care studies.
GisViewer: a Web-based geo-spatial digital library (2004)

Geo-spatial digital libraries provide users with access to geospatial data. Access to this data is sometimes hindered through the lack of freely available viewing tools. Furthermore such digital libraries generally do not provide any method of remote update, thereby preventing the insertion of new data into the digital library over the Internet. We introduce GisViewer, a system for the decentralized management of a spatially enabled digital library. GisViewer supplies its users with a freely available tool for viewing and querying spatial data. In addition GisViewer also facilitates remote updates for authorized users. In an effort to ensure interoperability the GisViewer digital library complies with OpenGIS standards for geo-spatial features.