gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable feedback shift registers (2002)

The transfer of large, bursty files has been made possible by the advancement of technology in ultrafast optical TDM networks. Such transfers require ultrafast encryption using pseudorandom key streams. We propose a new sequence generator, based on both optical logic and electronic FSRs, that generates sequences at optical rates. The complexity of the sequence depends on that of the electronic controller.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductors for Flexible Electronics (2009)

This study demonstrates carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced conductors for flexible electronics. The supreme mechanical strength of the CNT is toughened by the structure of the metal conductor. Conventional metal lines, fabricated using a screen printing technique on flexible substrates, usually suffer a great deal of stress when bending plastic substrates. These stress-strain educed micro-fractures in the metal line reduce the reliability of the electronic system. We fabricated a durable conductor, integrating CNTs into the conventional metallization process. It was found that the CNT-silver composite can be screen-printed on flexible substrates and the durability of the resulting conduction was enhanced. Compared to CNT-polymer-based materials, the CNT-silver composite exhibited higher conductivities of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> S/cm. These results show that such an approach offers a promising of enhancing the reliability of flexible electronic systems by utilizing reinforced CNTs in the metallization process.
The timely computing base: Timely actions in the presence of uncertain timeliness (2002)

Real-time behavior is specified in compliance with timeliness requirements, which in essence calls for synchronous system models. However systems often rely on unpredictable and unreliable infrastructures, that suggest the use of asynchronous models. Several models have been proposed to address this issue. We propose an architectural construct that takes a generic approach to the problem of programming in the presence of uncertain timeliness. We assume the existence of a component, capable of executing timing functions, which helps applications with varying degrees of synchrony to behave reliably despite the occurrence of timing failures. We call this component the Timely Computing Base, TCB. This paper describes the TCB architecture and model, and discusses the application programming interface for accessing the TCB services. The implementation of the TCB services uses fail-awareness techniques to increase the coverage of TCB properties.
Mutations in RNA polymerase II enhance or suppress mutations in GAL4. (1989)

The activation domains of eukaryotic DNA-binding transcription factors, such as GAL4, may regulate transcription by contacting RNA polymerase II. One potential site on RNA polymerase II for such interactions is the C-terminal tandemly repeated heptapeptide domain in the largest subunit (RPO21). We have changed the number of heptapeptide repeats in this yeast RPO21 C-terminal domain and have expressed these mutant RNA polymerase II polypeptides in yeast cells containing either wild-type or defective GAL4 proteins. Although the number of RPO21 heptapeptide repeats had no effect on the activity of wild-type GAL4, changing the length of the C-terminal domain modified the ability of mutant GAL4 proteins to activate transcription. Shorter or longer RPO21 C-terminal domains enhanced or partially suppressed, respectively, the effects of deletions in the transcriptional-activation domains of GAL4. The same RPO21 mutations also affected transcriptional activation by a GAL4-GCN4 chimera. These data suggest that the activation domains of DNA-binding transcription factors could interact, either directly or indirectly, with the heptapeptide repeats of RNA polymerase II.
As diversas faces do ENEM: análise do perfil dos participantes (1999-2007) (2013)

A visibilidade pública do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio vem aumentando consideravelmente nos últimos anos, sobretudo por meio da mídia escrita e televisiva, que enfatiza um ranqueamento de escolas no país. Essa abordagem acaba por associar o Exame a uma avaliação do ensino médio nacional e, ao mesmo tempo, das escolas individualmente. Este artigo sustenta que, contrariando os discursos governamental e midiático, esse exame, desde sua origem, está longe de uma efetiva avaliação do ensino médio como etapa de ensino, e que essa distância continuou crescendo ao longo dos anos e das mudanças introduzidas no exame. A metodologia adotada no artigo consistiu na análise do perfil dos participantes do exame no período de 1999 a 2007 que revela sua heterogeneização, com o decréscimo acentuado do número de concluintes em relação ao número cada vez maior de egressos.
Measurements of Dielectric Constant of Rutile (TiO2) at Microwave Frequencies between 4.2° and 300°K (1962)

The microwave dielectric constant k′ and loss tangent (tanδ) of rutile have been measured as a function of temperature from 4.2° to 300°K. At low temperatures, k′ approaches the limiting value of 256 in the c direction and 131 in the a direction. The loss tangent at 4.2°K is 2.5×10−6 for pure rutile and increases by an order of magnitude for both 0.12% chromium and 0.2% iron-doped rutile.
Soluble CD14 promotes LPS activation of CD14-deficient PNH monocytes and endothelial cells. (1995)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates the cascade of inflammatory events that, in infected patients, often result in a lethal systemic inflammatory response known as the sepsis syndrome. We studied LPS-stimulated expression of tissue factor (TF) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cultured endothelial cells or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in PBMCs. CD14, a PBMC membrane protein, is involved in LPS signaling and is also present as a soluble molecule in serum. CD14 is absent from endothelial cells and, in varying degrees, from monocytes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). LPS stimulation of TF in normal monocytes was enhanced > 30-fold by serum at low concentrations of LPS (< or = 10 ng/ml). The serum dependence of endothelial cells was even more pronounced; a full response to LPS was not observed in endothelium under serum-free conditions, even with LPS concentrations as high as 100 ng/ml. To better define the role of CD14, CD14-deficient PBMCs from two patients with PNH were compared with normal PBMCs. Although less than 3% of PNH monocytes expressed CD14, LPS-induced synthesis of TF and TNF-alpha by PBMCs from PNH patients was inhibited by anti-CD14 antibodies. Because patient serum samples were found to contain soluble CD14, we sought to determine whether PNH monocytes might respond to LPS through an activation pathway dependent on soluble CD14. Recombinant soluble CD14 substituted for serum to enable LPS stimulation of endothelium, PNH PBMCs, and surprisingly, CD14-replete normal PBMCs. In addition, a truncated sCD14 containing the N-terminal 152 amino acids similarly enabled LPS stimulation of normal PBMCs. These data underscore the importance of soluble CD14 and suggest that CD14 present in serum enables LPS responses in PNH monocytes and endothelial cells and may even influence the effects of LPS in normal human phagocytes.
Incentive Design of On-Demand Marketplaces for Service and Innovation (2017)

The rise of crowdsourcing marketplaces has allowed firms to involve large communities of external users (agents) in their internal processes. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of incentives and steady state dynamics of on-demand marketplaces in order to align the behavior of self-interested agents with the objectives of the marketplace. 
In Essay 1, we examine the process of crowdsourcing innovation to an online community of solvers. Through a game-theoretic model, we examine the relationship between a seeker's choice of budget allocation across multiple awards and solvers' incentives for participation and effort. We characterize completely solvers' endogenous participation and (unobservable) effort decisions. The solvers compete only with those solvers who endogenously choose to participate, who are unknown to them ex ante participation. We show that multiple awards are required for sufficient solver participation. Finally, we prove that the seeker should optimally allocate all of her budget to the top participant even if she values multiple solutions from a large but finite population of solvers. 
In Essay 2, we focus on the work-from-home (or virtual) contact center, a new type of the contact center business model. In a virtual contact center, demand is crowdsourced to a pool of freelance agents on priority, depending on their skill level and whether they have chosen to be available. Agent participation is voluntary and their idle time is not compensated. We study which priority classes partition generates the best incentives for agents of high ability to participate in order to maximize the profits of the firm. We show that discarding available information, or deploying a coarse priority scheme with two agent priority classes, maximizes firm profits and asymptotically maximizes social welfare. This provides a game-theoretical argument for the extensive use of coarse priorities by large-scale work-from-home service providers in practice. 
In Essay 3, we study the online product support forum, an innovative business model for service. In a product support forum, the customer service of a firm is partially delegated to an active online community of users (firm's customers). We demonstrate that it may be to firm's best interest to strategically reduce its service capacity and to increasingly rely on its online community to serve its impatient customers on-demand. Our results shed light on why similar firms such as Microsoft and Apple, whose customers experience similar service needs, employ a fundamentally different strategy on the degree of their engagement in their respective online product support forums.
Bismuth(iii) Thiobenzoates and their Activity against Helicobacter pylori (2012)

Two new substituted thiobenzoic acids, m-nitrothiobenzoic and m-sulfothiobenzoic acid, and six (four new) homo- and heteroleptic bismuth(iii) compounds derived from thiobenzoic acid and substituted thiobenzoic acid have been synthesised and fully characterised using both solvent free and solvent mediated methods; Bi(SC(=O)C6H5)3 (3), PhBi(SC(=O)C6H5)2 (4), Ph2Bi(SC(=O)C6H5) (5), Bi(SC(=O)C6H4-m-NO2)3 (6), PhBi(SC(=O)C6H4-m-NO2)2 (7), and PhBi(SC(=O)C6H4-m-SO3) (8). The solid-state structures of the previously reported Bi(SC(=O)C6H5)3 (3) and PhBi(SC(=O)]C6H5)2 (4) complexes have now been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. In the solid-state complex 3 forms a column-like polymeric structure resembling stacked bowls through pyramidal intermolecular Bi–S3 bonds of distance 3.359 Å, providing a Bi(iii) centre with a nine coordinate environment. Complex 4 forms discrete tetrameric units cemented by long intermolecular Bi–S (3.774 Å), Bi–O(= C) (3.030, 3.071 Å) and Bi–C bonds (3.627 Å). The complexes were assessed for their activity against three strains of Helicobacter pylori and all show a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25 µg mL–1, indicating that the high level of bactericidal activity is insensitive to the degree of substitution at the Bi(iii) centre.
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase protects against nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. (1993)

We previously generated transgenic C3H/HeN mice by introducing the Escherichia coli O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, DNA-O6-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase, EC2.1.1.63) gene, ada, attached to the Chinese hamster metallothionein I gene promoter. One transgenic mouse line expressing both ada-specific mRNA and Ada protein could be propagated over many generations in a homozygous state with respect to the integrated DNA. Liver extracts from transgenic homozygous mice have consistently demonstrated about 3 times the control activity of normal mice. Furthermore, in the transgenic homozygotes treated with ZnSO4, activity is increased to 6-8 times the normal level in mice and is equivalent to that for man. To examine whether these increased levels of MGMT activity can actually decrease the susceptibility of animals to N-nitroso compounds, we studied liver carcinogenesis in our transgenic mice expressing high amounts of MGMT. Groups of transgenic and nontransgenic mice, each comprising about 200 suckling animals (14 +/- 1 days old), were divided each into eight subgroups, providing paired groups of transgenic and nontransgenic mice. They received an i.p. injection of ZnSO4 to induce MGMT, and 10 hr thereafter were given an i.p. injection of either dimethylnitrosamine or diethylnitrosamine. Liver tumor development was quantitatively assessed at 7-11 months. Here, we report statistically significant reduction of tumor formation in transgenic mice of four of the six paired groups that received treatment. The remaining two demonstrated results in line with dose dependence. Therefore, our data indicate that MGMT can indeed protect animals from low-dose exposure to environmental alkylating carcinogens.
Synthesis, Characterization and Self‐Assembly of Novel Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Moiety Attached at the Junction of the Two Blocks (2009)

Abstract A novel well‐defined amphiphilic block copolymer, with the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) moiety at the junction of the two blocks of polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), was designed and synthesized. First, a macroinitiator containing a POSS moiety and a PEO chain was prepared and then atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of the macroinitiator in bulk. The polymerization results show that the process bears the characteristics of controlled/living free radical polymerizations. The structure and molecular weight of the polymers were characterized by GPC, 1 H NMR, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The self‐assembly behaviors of the polymers was investigated by TEM and SEM. It was observed that the polymers can self‐assemble into vesicles in aqueous solution. magnified image
Downsizing in Iran: culture versus necessity (2013)

This case follows the experience of an Iranian small business owner facing changing environmental forces. The most notable forces of change are the Iranian economy and policies, internal/external Iranian politics and global competition and relations. In order to save the organisation the owner decides to downsize and decentralise aspects of managing the organisation. These changes are initially unpopular and culturally sensitive. Eventually, the owner succeeds with the changes and gains employee and management support.
Chemistry of the metal carbonyls. Part XLI. Synthesis of complexes with C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>S or p-RS·C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>(R = Me or Ph) groups as ligands (1968)

Pentafluorothiophenol, or in some instances dipentafluorophenyl disulphide, reacts with Fe3(CO)12, [π-C5H5Fe(CO)2]2, [π-C5H5]2Ni, [ClRh(CO)2]2, or [ClRh(C2H4)2]2 to give the compounds [C6F5SFe(CO)3]2, C6F5SFe(CO)2(π-C6H5), [CH6SNi(π-C5H5)]n, [C6F5SRh(CO)2]2, and [C6F5SRh(C2H4)2]2, respectively. Treatment of the nickel complex and the dicarbonylrhodium compound with triphenylphosphine affords the complexes C6F5SNi(PPh3)(π-C5H5) and C6F5SRh(CO)(PPh3)2.The synthesis of the compounds p-MeSC6F4Re(CO)5 and p-RSC6F4Fe(CO)2(π-C5H5)(R = Me or Ph) is also reported.
Incomplete removal of the RNA primer for minus-strand DNA synthesis by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (1992)

A synthetic RNA oligonucleotide (15-mer) corresponding to the 3' end of the lysine tRNA primer was hybridized to single-stranded DNA containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primer-binding site and extended with a DNA polymerase. The resulting structures were used to study primer removal by the RNase H activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The initial cleavage event removes the RNA primer as a 14-mer and leaves a single ribonucleotide A residue bound to the 5' end of the DNA strand. This result explains the observation by several groups that HIV-1 circle junctions contain 4 bp that are not present in the integrated provirus instead of the predicted 3 bp. Subsequent cleavage events occur at other sites internal to the RNA molecule, and the ribonucleotide A residue on the end of the DNA strand is ultimately removed. Therefore, the biologically relevant cleavage that produces the 14-mer reflects the kinetics of the reaction as well as a specificity for nucleic acid sequence. When the RNA oligonucleotide alone was hybridized to the primer-binding site and tested as a substrate for HIV-1 RNase H, the cleavage pattern near the 3' end of the RNA was altered.
Period-doubling behavior in frontal polymerization of multifunctional acrylates (1999)

Front dynamics in the frontal polymerization of two multifunctional acrylate monomers, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPTA), with Lupersol 231 [1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane] as the initiator, are studied. In most frontal polymerization systems, the dynamics are associated with a planar front propagating through the sample. However, in some cases, front behavior can be altered: the front becomes nonplanar characterized by complex patterns like spin modes and pulsations. To determine how these periodic and aperiodic modes arise, reactant solutions consisting of HDDA diluted with diethyl phthalate (DEP) and TMPTA diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in the study. In the study we reveal frontal behavior characteristic of period-doubling behavior, a doubling of spin heads that degenerate into an apparently chaotic mode. Also, a pulsating symmetric mode has been observed. These observations have a striking similarity to observations made in studies of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in which the addition of an inert diluent afforded a rich variety of dynamical behavior. The degree of cross-linking has also been found to be a bifurcation parameter. The energy of activation of multifunctional acrylate polymerization is a strong function of the degree of polymerization. By adding a monoacrylate (benzyl acrylate: BzAc), such that the front temperature was invariant, we observed a period-doubling bifurcation sequence through changes in the energy of activation, which has not been previously reported. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.
Oral Rotavirus Vaccines: How Well Will They Work Where They Are Needed Most? (2009)

Rotavirus vaccines hold promise to decrease the burden of severe diarrhea in the poorest countries, where 85% of deaths due to rotavirus occur. However, the potency of live oral vaccines is lower in these challenging settings than in middle- and upper-income countries. Many hypotheses have been suggested to explain these differences that could provide clues to improve the ultimate success of these novel vaccines. Although introduction today of even moderately effective vaccines will decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with rotavirus in low-income settings, research is urgently needed to understand why these differences in efficacy occur and what could be done to improve vaccine performance to maximize the life-saving benefits of vaccination.
A gene from Renibacterium salmoninarum encoding a product which shows homology to bacterial zinc-metalloproteases (1995)

A genomic library constructed from Renibacterium salmoninarum isolate MT444 DNA in the plasmid vector pBR328 was screened using Escherichia coli host strain DH1 for the expression of genes encoding putative virulence factors. A single haemolytic clone was isolated at 22 degrees C and found to contain a 3.1 kb HindIII fragment of inserted DNA. This fragment was present in seven isolates of R. salmoninarum which were examined. Western blots of extracts from clones exhibiting haemolytic activity were performed with antisera raised against either cellular or extracellular components of R. salmoninarum and failed to identify any additional proteins compared to control E. coli containing pBR328. However, minicell analysis revealed that a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 65 kDa was associated with a haemolytic activity distinct from that previously described for R. salmoninarum. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this product was determined and the amino acid sequence deduced. The product was 548 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 66757 Da and a pl of 5.57. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene possessed strong similarities to those of a range of secreted bacterial zinc-metalloproteases and was tentatively designed hly. Neither protease nor lecithinase activities were detectable in E. coli recombinants expressing gene hly. Haemolytic activity was observed from 6 degrees C to 37 degrees C for erythrocytes from a number of mammalian species and also from fish. Gene hly was expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein consisting of maltose-binding protein at the N-terminus linked to all but the first 24 amino acids, largely constituting the putative signal peptide, of the N-terminus of Hly. The soluble fusion protein was produced and purified by affinity chromatography. Antiserum raised against the purified fusion protein was used to probe Western blots of cell lysates and extracellular products from seven isolates of R. salmoninarum cultured under conditions of iron-sufficiency or iron-restriction. The results indicate that the availability of iron modulates the expression of the hly gene.
Joule heating of logs for phytosanitary purposes and timber processing pre-treatment (2018)

Joule heating has recently been investigated as a potential alternative to chemical fumigation for phytosanitary treatment of Pinus radiata logs exported from New Zealand. The research was driven by concern regarding the effects of methyl bromide release to atmosphere, following fumigation, as highlighted by the Montreal Protocol. The work has involved creating 1 dimensional and 3 dimensional computer models of the Joule heating process in P. radiata, building a laboratory-scale log test rig with suitable instrumentation and control systems, heating approximately 60 P. radiata logs and using the measured data to refine and validate the models. While engaged in this work it became clear that the process could also potentially be applied to heat veneer peeler logs. This paper describes the application of the 1 dimensional model and laboratory-scale test rig to a typical P. radiata export log and to a Eucalyptus nitens log prepared for veneer peeling. The results demonstrate that, despite the heterogeneities of the timber, the technique is capable of achieving the required temperature profiles for both applications and that the model is a sufficiently good representation of the process to provide a viable control method.
Incidence of Tracheal Stenosis and Other Late Complications After Percutaneous Tracheostomy (2000)

Subjective voice changes and tracheal abnormalities are common after endotracheal intubation followed by PDT. Long-term follow-up of critically ill patients identified a 31% rate of more than 10% tracheal stenosis after PDT. Symptomatic stenosis manifested by subjective respiratory symptoms after decannulation was found in 3 of 48 (6%) patients.
Parvovirus B19 DNA in plasma pools and plasma derivatives (2001)

Although positive PCR results do not necessarily reflect infectivity, these data show that B19 is a common contaminant in plasma pools and in plasma-derived medicinal products. Considering the resistance of animal parvoviruses to inactivation by heat and chemical agents, and the absence of specific information for B19, the risk of B19 transmission by plasma products should be considered. Physicians should be aware of this problem when treating patients of B19-related risk groups. The plasma fractionation industry should continue their efforts to avoid B19 contamination of plasma derivatives and develop methods which are effective in removing/inactivating parvovirus B19.