gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Signaling Pathways of Human Interleukin-8 Receptor A (1998)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor A (CXCR1) couples to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein to mediate phospholipase Cbeta (PLCbeta) activation and cellular responses. Responses to CXCR1 are attenuated by prior exposure of neutrophils to either IL-8, a cleavage product of the fifth component of complement (C5a) or n-formylated peptides (formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, fMLP). To characterize the role of receptor phosphorylation in the regulation of the CXCR1, a phosphorylation-deficient mutant, M2CXCR1, was constructed. This receptor, stably expressed in RBL-2H3 cells, coupled more efficiently to G protein and stimulated enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cAMP production, exocytosis, and phospholipase D activation, and was resistant to IL-8-induced receptor internalization. The rate and total amount of ligand stimulated actin polymerization remained unchanged, but interestingly, chemotaxis was decreased by approximately 30% compared with the wild type receptor. To study the role of receptor phosphorylation in cross-desensitization of chemoattractant receptors, M2CXCR1 was coexpressed with cDNAs encoding receptors for either fMLP (FR), C5a (C5aR), or platelet-activating factor (PAFR). Both C5aR and PAFR were cross-phosphorylated upon M2CXCR1 activation, resulting in attenuated guanosine 5'-3'-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) binding in membranes. In contrast, FR and M2CXCR1 were resistant to cross-phosphorylation and cross-inhibition of GTPgammaS binding by other receptors. Despite the resistance of M2CXCR1 to cross-phosphorylation and receptor/G protein uncoupling, its susceptibility to cross-desensitization of its Ca2+ response by fMLP and C5a, was equivalent to CXCR1. Regardless of the enhancement in certain receptor functions in M2CXCR1 compared with the wild type CXCR1, the mutated receptors mediated equivalent PLCbeta3 phosphorylation and cross-desensitization of Ca2+ mobilization by FR, C5aR, and PAFR. The results herein indicate that phosphorylation of CXCR1 regulates some, but not all of the receptors functions. While receptor phosphorylation inhibits G protein turnover, PLC activation, Ca2+ mobilization and secretion, it is required for normal chemotaxis and receptor internalization. Since phosphorylation of CXCR1 had no effect on its ability to induce phosphorylation of PLCbeta3 or to mediate class-desensitization, these activities may be mediated by independently regulated pathways.
Time-Frequency Masking for Speech Separation and Its Potential for Hearing Aid Design (2008)

A new approach to the separation of speech from speech-in-noise mixtures is the use of time-frequency (T-F) masking. Originated in the field of computational auditory scene analysis, T-F masking performs separation in the time-frequency domain. This article introduces the T-F masking concept and reviews T-F masking algorithms that separate target speech from either monaural or binaural mixtures, as well as microphone-array recordings. The review emphasizes techniques that are promising for hearing aid design. This article also surveys recent studies that evaluate the perceptual effects of T-F masking techniques, particularly their effectiveness in improving human speech recognition in noise. An assessment is made of the potential benefits of T-F masking methods for the hearing impaired in light of the processing constraints of hearing aids. Finally, several issues pertinent to T-F masking are discussed.
Generation of fibrosarcomas in vivo by a retrovirus that expresses the normal B chain of platelet-derived growth factor and mimics the alternative splice pattern of the v-sis oncogene. (1989)

A retrovirus containing the entire human platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-B) gene was constructed in order to investigate the in vivo biological activity of its encoded growth factor. When this virus was introduced into newborn mice, it reproducibly generated fibrosarcomas at the site of inoculation. Proviruses in each fibrosarcoma analyzed had lost 149 nucleotides downstream of the PDGF-B coding region. This deletion originated from an alternative or aberrant splice event that occurred within exon 7 of the PDGF-B gene and mimicked the v-sis oncogene. Thus, deletion of this region may be necessary for efficient retrovirus replication or for more potent transforming function. Evidence that the normal growth factor coding sequence was unaltered derived from RNase protection studies and immunoprecipitation analysis. Tumors were generally polyclonal but demonstrated clonal subpopulations. Moreover, tumor-derived cell lines became monoclonal within a few tissue culture passages and rapidly formed tumors in vivo. These findings argue that overexpression of the normal human PDGF-B gene product under retrovirus control can induce the fully malignant phenotype.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux can be Reduced by Changes in Surgical Technique (2012)

Our results confirm that careful attention to surgical technique can result in significantly reduced occurrence of symptoms of GERD up to 12 months postoperatively, compared with previous reports of LSG in the literature.
Characterization of Type II Ligands in CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 (2008)

Type II cytochrome P450 (CYP) ligands cause inhibition by direct coordination to the heme iron atom. This interaction usually leads to high inhibitory potential, which can cause drug-drug interaction. The approach to design compounds with diminished CYP inhibition is different depending on whether the compound binds (type II ligand) or not (type I ligand) to the iron atom of the heme group. In this study, the structural characteristics of nitrogen-containing compounds, which bind to the iron atom in two CYP isoforms (CYP2C9 and CYP3A4), were investigated. The in vitro assays applied were fluorescence inhibition assay, difference spectra measurements, and K s determination. Computational modeling as an alternative method to difference spectra measurements to distinguish between type I and type II ligands was also explored. Since two CYP isoforms were used, information about the isoform specificity of type II ligands was also analyzed. The in silico method developed in this study applied together with the information gained from the experimental measurements may result in better decisions during the drug discovery process.
Using Support Vector Machines and Bayesian Filtering for Classifying Agent Intentions at Road Intersections (2009)

Abstract — Classifying other agents ’ intentions is a very complex task but it can be very essential in assisting (autonomous or human) agents in navigating safely in dynamic and possibly hostile environments. This paper introduces a classification approach based on support vector machines and Bayesian filtering (SVM-BF). It then applies it to a road intersection problem to assist a vehicle in detecting the intention of an approaching suspicious vehicle. The SVM-BF approach achieved very promising results. I.
An algorithm for the localization of multiple interfering sperm whales using multi-sensor time difference of arrival (2011)

In this paper an algorithm is described for the localization of individual sperm whales in situations where several near-by animals are simultaneously vocalizing. The algorithm operates on time-difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements observed at sensor pairs and assumes no prior knowledge of the TDOA-whale associations. In other words, it solves the problem of associating TDOAs to whales. The algorithm is able to resolve association disputes where a given TDOA measurement may fit to more than one position estimate and can handle spurious TDOAs. The algorithm also provides estimates of Cramer-Rao lower bound for the position estimates. The algorithm was tested with real data using TDOA estimates obtained by cross-correlating click-trains. The click-trains were generated by a separate algorithm that operated independently on each sensor to produce click-trains corresponding to a given whale and to reject click-trains from reflected propagation paths.
NSCLC harboring EGFR exon‐20 insertions after the regulatory <scp>C</scp>‐helix of kinase domain responds poorly to known EGFR inhibitors (2016)

Anecdote clinical observations hint that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with exon-20 insertions might respond poorly to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), contrasting to those with classic mutations. Lack of patient-derived experimental models has been a major hurdle for the discovery of new treatment for the diseases. We established two NSCLC-PDXs harboring two different exon-20 insertions, LU0387-adenocarcinoma (ADC) with a nine-base insertion at 2319 (H773-V774insNPH) and LU3075-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a nine-base insertion at 2316 (P772-H773insDNP). Both insertions immediately follow the regulatory C-helix of the kinase domain. Contrary to the generally good responses to EGFR inhibitors observed in PDXs with classic mutations, both exon-20 insertions are largely resistant to cetuximab and TKIs in vivo, suggesting fundamental difference from the classic EGFR mutations, consistent with the poor response rate to TKI seen in anecdotal clinic reports. It is worth noting that although responses are generally poor, they differ between the two exon-20 mutants depending on the type of TKI. In vitro drug sensitivity assays using established primary cell lines from our two PDXs largely confirmed the in vivo data. Our data from patient-derived experimental models confirmed that exon-20 insertions in domain immediately following the C-helix confer poor response to all known EGFR inhibitors, and suggested that these models can be utilized to facilitate the discovery of new therapies targeting NSCLC harboring exon-20 insertions.
Sensitive Disclosures under Differential Privacy Guarantees (2015)

Non-independent reasoning (NIR) refers to learning the information of one record from other records, under the assumption that these records share the same underlying distribution. Accurate NIR could disclose private information of an individual. An important assumption made by differential privacy is that NIR is considered to be non-violation of privacy. In this work, we investigate the extent to which private information of an individual may be disclosed through NIR by query answers that satisfy differential privacy. We first define what a disclosure means under NIR by randomized query answers. We then present a formal analysis on such disclosures by differentially private query answers. Our analysis on real life datasets demonstrates that while disclosures of NIR can be eliminated by adopting a more restricted setting of differential privacy, such settings adversely affects the utility of query answers for data analysis, and this conflict can not be easily solved because both disclosures and utility depend on the accuracy of noisy query answers. This study suggests that under the assumption that the disclosure through NIR is a privacy concern, differential privacy is not suitable because it does not provide both privacy and utility.
Charged Membrane, Low Pressure Ultrafiltration to Treat Acid Mine Drainage Waters (1979)

Abstract: Low-pressure ultrafiltration with negatively-charged, non-cellulosic membranes is shown to be a feasible process in terms of achieving the simultaneous separation of dissolved metals (and sulfate) and of suspended solids from acid mine drainage water. The process is evaluated in terms of the simultaneous achievement of good water flux without membrane fouling and of adequate ultrafiltrate quality at high water recovery for water reuse operation. At a transmembrane pressure of 5.6 x 105 N/m2, water fluxes in the range of 5.8 x 10-4 cm/sec to 12.5 x 10-4 cm/sec could be obtained at 97% water recovery. The results of the ultrafiltration investigations are compared with the reported results from lime precipitation-settling and reverse osmosis treatment field studies in terms of treated water quality, reusability, concentrate (sludge) production rates, water recovery and membrane flux behavior. With a lime precipitation-settling process the treated water would be saturated with calcium sulfate. Funding information: The work upon which this report is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Research and Technology, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., as authorized by the Water Research and Development Act of 1978. Public Law 95-467.
Voice traffic capacity of base control multiple access with collision detection (BCMA/CD) for digital cellular radio (2002)

The authors describe the results of work being carried out as part of the European RACE Mobile Telecommunications Project. They present the performance of a random access packet-based system developed for digitized voice over a range of cell sizes from 100 m to 35 km. The access technique, known as base-controlled multiple access with collision detection overcomes the hidden user problem associated with digital cellular radio by transferring the collision resolution function to the base station. It is shown that this system can support higher traffic levels than existing TDMA (time-division multiple access) systems for a range of cell sizes and bit rates. BCMA/CD performance improvement over TDMA is at a maximum at small cell sizes; the speech capacity improvement drops as the cells get larger.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The future of hotel rating (2015)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight in the future of hotel rating. It reviews the impact of social media, technology that provides integration of data for the consumer and the hotels, and the way that rating bodies may respond to the changing environment on how hotels are selected and reviewed. Design/methodology/approach By reviewing current trends, practices and technological possibilities, the impact of online reviews on conventional hotel rating systems is projected into the future. Findings The paper predicts a full integration of conventional rating systems with online guest reviews from the different guest review platforms leading to greater transparency for the consumer and better positioning opportunities for innovative hotels. It is further predicted that those conventional rating systems that do not seek integration and alignment will see a continued drop in hotel participation and will cease to exist. Originality/value Little research has been done on the relation between online guest reviews and conventional hotel rating systems. The paper presents new insights into how current and future trends influence the way in which consumers select hotels and how this influences the way that hotels are rated.
A Localization-Assistance System using GPS and Wireless Sensor Networks for Pedestrian Navigation (2012)

Pedestrian navigation services guide people to reach their destinations as the vehicle navigation services do. However, the moving way of people differs from that of vehicles, and hence the assumptions for car-navigation services are not suitable for pedestrian navigation. People may walk through the place without GPS signals due to the shelter in the sky. In some space, the accuracy of GPS may not be enough for pedestrian navigation. In this situation, localization ability is necessary in this space, we call it as a special interest zone (SIZ), to assist the GPS-navigation systems. This paper proposes a system by offering a navigation service on general routes and a localization service to SIZ. For navigation service, GPS and GIS technologies were used for guiding, and a modified A* algorithm was developed to implement the path planning function. Because the accuracy of GPS is insufficient to offer the precise localization needed at SIZ, ZigBee-based sensor networks were applied and deployed around SIZ. When the user is close to SIZ, a dynamic swap mechanism enables the localization function to provide higher localization results. The localization algorithm, using an extended Kalman filter to fuse the data of ZigBee and GPS, achieved the localization error less than 1 m, when the error compared to ZigBee-only or GPS-only approach. Both services were successfully implemented on an embedded platform and evaluated on the real environment.
Rapidly Progressive Respiratory Failure in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Report of an Autopsy Case (2012)

A 64-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea. The case was diagnosed as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) due to presence of swollen fingers, Raynaud's phenomenon, muscle weakness, positive anti-U1RNP antibody, pericarditis and interstitial pneumonia. Although the histology from a transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) indicated organizing pneumonia, corticosteroid therapy was postponed for two months at the patient's request. She died 8 weeks later from acute progressive interstitial pneumonia in spite of the administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide combined with prednisolone. The autopsy revealed exudative and organizing diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Previous reports have shown that DAD is an extremely rare pulmonary complication in MCTD. This report presents a case of MCTD with acute respiratory failure. This case thus suggests that this therapy should be administered as soon as possible.
Studies on Pyridinecarboxylic Acid Derivatives. I (1960)

In order to obtain pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives with strong antibacterial action from alkylpicolinic acid, two kinds of compound (A and B) possessing a strong electron-releasing group substituted in 4-position of the pyridine ring were synthesized. (A) compounds, 4-X-picolinic acids (X=OMe, OEt, OPh), were prepared by substitution of the nitro group in 4-nitro-2-methylpyridine 1-oxide with X, followed by deoxygenation and permanganate oxidation. (B) compounds, 4-Y-5-ethylpicolinic acid (Y=OMe, OEt, Cl), were prepared also by substitution of the nitro group in 5-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitro-pyridine 1-oxide, followed by change of 2-methyl with acetoxymethyl by the Boekelheide rearrangement, deacetylatian with hydrochloric acid, conversion to the formyl group by the Ball reaction, and mild oxidation with silver oxide or hydrogen peroxide to the objective carboxylic acid.
Toward Developing Data Warehousing Process Standards: An Ontology-Based Review of Existing Methodologies (2006)

A data warehouse is developed using a data warehousing process (DWP) methodology. Currently, there are a large number of methodologies available in the data warehousing market. The reason for this is the lack of any centralized attempts at creating platform-independent DWP standards. For the development of such standards, it is very important that we first examine the current practices being followed by the data warehousing industry. In this study, we review 30 commercial data warehousing methodologies and analyze the standard practices they have adopted with respect to DWP. To perform the analysis, we first develop an ontological model of DWP based on a thorough review of the literature and inputs from experts in the data warehousing field. The ontological model consists of two hierarchies: a composition hierarchy which shows the decomposition of DWP tasks such as system development, extract, transform, and load (ETL), and end-user application design; and a classification hierarchy which specifies the alternative methods or techniques available for performing the tasks. We next apply hierarchical cluster analysis to group the methodologies that share a common set of standards. Our study provides valuable insights into the prevailing standard practices for different DWP tasks-system development, requirements analysis, architecture design, data modeling, ETL, data extraction, and end-user application design-and identifies important directions for future research on DWP standardization
Scalable and Reliable Middlebox Deployment (2020)

Middleboxes are pervasive in modern computer networks providing functionalities beyond mere packet forwarding. Load balancers, intrusion detection systems, and network address translators are typical examples of middleboxes. Despite their benefits, middleboxes come with several challenges with respect to their scalability and reliability.\n\nThe goal of this thesis is to devise middlebox deployment solutions that are cost effective, scalable, and fault tolerant. The thesis includes three main contributions: First, distributed service function chaining with multiple instances of a middlebox deployed on different physical servers to optimize resource usage; Second, Constellation, a geo-distributed middlebox framework enabling a middlebox application to operate with high performance across wide area networks; Third, a fault tolerant service function chaining system.
The National Prostate Cancer Register in Sweden 1998—2002: Trends in incidence, treatment and survival (2005)

It is possible to establish a nationwide prostate cancer register including basic data for assessment of the disease in the whole of Sweden. The introduction of PSA screening has increased the detection of early prostate cancer in younger men and, to a lesser extent, decreased the incidence of advanced disease. The effect of these changes on mortality is obscure but the NPCR in Sweden will serve as an important tool in such evaluation.
Mechanical stimulation induces morphological and phenotypic changes in bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells within a three‐dimensional fibrin matrix (2006)

One of the major limitations in tissue engineering is cell sourcing. Multipotent progenitor cells appear to have many promising features for that purpose. Mechanical stimulation is known to play an important role in determining cell phenotype. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on rat bone marrow derived progenitor cell (BMPC) morphology and smooth muscle-directed differentiation within a three-dimensional fibrin matrix. BMPCs were suspended in a fibrin gel, pipetted into the trough of Flexcell Tissue-Train plates, and stimulated with 10% longitudinal cyclic stretch at 1 Hz for 6 days. Unconstrained (stress- and strain-free) and static anchored (constrained but not stretched) samples were used as controls. Stress filament area per cell was increased in the stretched samples compared to static anchored and free-float controls. Cells in the free float controls were randomly aligned, while they aligned parallel to the direction of the stress or strain in the other groups. Immunofluorescence suggested an increased expression of smooth muscle markers (smooth muscle alpha actin and h1-calponin) in both stretched and constrained control samples, but not in unconstrained controls. Qualitative assessment suggested that collagen production was increased in both mechanically stimulated samples. Proliferation was inhibited in stretched samples compared to the constrained controls. This work suggests an ability of rat BMPCs to differentiate toward a smooth-muscle-cell-like lineage when exposed to biomechanical stimulation in a three-dimensional model. The observation that the constrained samples induced changes in BMPCs suggests that stress alone may be stimulatory, but addition of cyclic stretch appears to augment the responses.
Double-fused 1.5 µm vertical cavity laserswith record high <i> T <sub>o</sub> </i> of 132 K at room temperature (1998)

The authors report record high temperature performance of a novel long wavelength vertical cavity laser using an electron barrier, operating continuous-wave up to 71°C. A record high characteristic temperature (To) of 132 K has been measured over an operating range of –75 to 35°C.