gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histopathology and histomorphometry of umbilical cord blood vessels. Findings in normal and high risk pregnancies☆ (2011)

Objective: A systematic histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical (PAI-1 and TGF-β1) study of umbilical vessels in normal and pathological conditions was undertaken in order to describe and compare the lesions found. Methods: Segments of umbilical cords were obtained from 92 pregnancies/107 newborns from normal gestations (n = 20) or from gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 13), chronic hypertension (n = 14), preeclampsia (n = 9), intrahepatic cholestasis (n = 13), antiphospholipid syndrome (n = 11), fetal growth restriction (n = 9), oligohydramnios (n = 6), premature rupture of membranes (n = 12), antiphospholipid antibodies (n = 11) and fetal distress (n = 23). Thirty-four of these patients presented combined pathologies. Results: “Pathological” umbilical cords presented perivascular/intraparietal hemorrhages with wall dissections, parietal recent thrombosis and focal moderate or extensive Wharton’s jelly hemorrhages. Pathological pregnancies presented more microscopic lesions (35/73; 48%) than normal pregnancies (4/20; 20%; p = 0.039). The wall:lumen ratio of arteries was significantly higher in all pathologies (32.6 ± 16) as compared to 3.1 ± 0.6 in the control group (p < 0.0001), also due to the significantly higher values belonging to outer plus inner layer areas in opposition to much less increases in luminal areas (p = 0.03). Concerning veins, wall:lumen ratio was also higher in the pathological groups (p = 0.0086) due to a 2-fold increase in wall areas. Conclusion: Quantitative histomorphometry of the pathological alterations and pathophysiologic disorders of the umbilical cord has the potential to enhance investigation and treatment of maternal and fetal diseases.
The hydrosodalite system Na6+x[SiAlO4]6(OH)x.cntdot.nH2O: formation, phase composition, and de- and rehydration studied by 1H, 23Na, and 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy in tandem with thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe hydrosodalite system Na6+x[SiAlO4]6(OH)x.cntdot.nH2O: formation, phase composition, and de- and rehydration studied by 1H, 23Na, and 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy in tandem with thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopyGuenter Engelhardt, Juergen Felsche, and Peter SiegerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4, 1173–1182Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00030a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Supporting Exploratory Analysis with the Select & Slice Table (2010)

Abstract In interactive visualization, selection techniques such as dynamic queries and brushing are used to specify and extract items of interest. In other words, users define areas of interest in data space that often have a clear semantic meaning. We call such areas Semantic Zones, and argue that support for their manipulation and reasoning with them is highly useful during exploratory analysis. An important use case is the use of these zones across different subsets of the data, for instance to study the population of semantic zones over time. To support this, we present the Select & Slice Table. Semantic zones are arranged along one axis of the table, and data subsets are arranged along the other axis of the table. Each cell contains a set of items of interest from a data subset that matches the selection specifications of a zone. Items in cells can be visualized in various ways, as a count, as an aggregation of a measure, or as a separate visualization, such that the table gives an overview of the relationship between zones and data subsets. Furthermore, users can reuse zones, combine zones, and compare and trace items of interest across different semantic zones and data subsets. We present two case studies to illustrate the support offered by the Select & Slice table during exploratory analysis of multivariate data.
G protein signaling controls the differentiation of multiple cell lineages (2009)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) detect a great diversity of extracellular stimuli ranging from hormonal peptides, chemokines, neurotransmitters, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, biogenic amines to ions. G protein-coupled pathways regulate a rich collection of biological processes involved in normal physiological function of the body as well as in pathological progression of diseases. In addition to their function in postmitotic steady-state tissues, GPCRs have been implicated in the differentiation of stem cells and tissue specific progenitor cells during development. Examples of these include the functions of nucleotides and neuropeptides in neuronal differentiation and axon growth, chemokines in lymphocyte differentiation and activation, and other GPCR-mediated processes in the differentiation of adipocytes, osteoblasts and smooth muscle cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the importance of GPCR-linked signaling cascades in the differentiation of different cell lineages.
Effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on alcohol production from corn (1983)

Cracked corn was irradiated with gamma rays at 0-100 Mrad and the effects of the irradiation on sugar yield, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, yeast growth, and alcohol production were studied. Gamma irradiation at 50 Mrad or greater produced a considerable amount of reducing sugar but little glucose. At lower dosages, gamma irradiation significantly increased the susceptibility of corn starch to enzymatic hydrolysis, but dosages of 50 Mrad or greater decomposed the starch molecules as indicated by the reduction in iodine uptake. About 12.5% reducing sugar was produced by amylase treatment of uncooked, irradiated corn. This amount exceeded the level of sugar produced from cooked (gelatinized) corn by the same enzyme treatment. The yeast numbers in submerged cultivation were lower on a corn substrate that was irradiated at 50 Mrad or greater compared to that on an unirradiated control. About the same level of alcohol was produced on uncooked, irradiated (10(5)-10(6) rad) corn as from cooked (121 degrees C for 30 min) corn. Therefore, the conventional cooking process for gelatinization of starch prior to its saccharification can be eliminated by irradiation. Irradiation also eliminated the necessity of sterilization of the medium and reduced the viscosity of high levels of substrate in the fermentation broth.
Effect of Pressure on the Refining of Lithium by Distillation (1951)

The experiments described show that lithium containing 0.5 per cent sodium can be refined by distillation in the presence of argon in a straight retort, the refined material containing as low as 0.002 per cent sodium. At gauge pressures up to 1 micron the sodium content differs very little from this value. In increasing the pressure from 1 to 740 microns the sodium content is quadrupled. In the presence of argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen at different pressures in a slightly V‐shaped retort, a sodium content of less than 0.01 per cent was not obtained. There was little or no evidence of oxide, nitride, or hydride formation at pressures of oxygen, nitrogen, or hydrogen below 35 microns.
Detection of Biological Contaminants on Foods and Food Surfaces Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (2013)

The rapid detection of biological contaminants, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica , on foods and food-processing surfaces is important to ensure food safety and streamline the food-monitoring process. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an ideal candidate technology for this application because sample preparation is minimal and results are available rapidly (seconds to minutes). Here, multivariate regression analysis of LIBS data is used to differentiate the live bacterial pathogens E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica on various foods (eggshell, milk, bologna, ground beef, chicken, and lettuce) and surfaces (metal drain strainer and cutting board). The type (E. coli or S. enterica) of bacteria could be differentiated in all cases studied along with the metabolic state (viable or heat killed). This study provides data showing the potential of LIBS for the rapid identification of biological contaminants using spectra collected directly from foods and surfaces.
Deferred Harvests: The Transition from Hunting to Animal Husbandry (2001)

We define animal husbandry as prey conservation. Conservation is rare among extant hunters and only likely to occur when prey are highly valued, private goods. The long‐term discounted deferred returns from husbandry must also be greater than the short‐term returns from hunting. We compare the returns from hunting and husbanding strategies as a function of prey body size. Returns from husbanding are estimated using a maximum sustainable yield (MSY) model. Following Charnov (1993), allometric analyses show that the MSY is nearly independent of prey body size. The opportunity costs of husbanding are measured as prey standing biomass times the discount rate. Since standing biomass scales positively with body size, the opportunity costs of husbanding are greater for larger animals. An evolutionary discount rate is estimated following Rogers (1994) to be between 2.4% and 6%. Using these values, the prey body size for which hunting and meat‐only husbanding provide the same return is approximately 40kg. Animals greater than 40kg are predicted to be hunted, [animal husbandry, evolutionary ecology, allometry, hunting, Neolithic transition]
Methionine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid from Folate-sufficient and Folate-deficient Streptococcus faecalis R (1972)

Abstract The formation of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid derivatives containing a blocked α-amino group such as the formylmethionyl ester of methionine transfer ribonucleic acid (fMet-tRNAfmet) was studied in Streptococcus faecalis R. This bacterium cannot synthesize folate, and its growth is dependent upon the presence of either added folic acid or a mixture of products of biosynthetic reactions requiring the participation of tetrahydrofolate: serine, methionine, a purine, and thymine. Only extracts prepared from S. faecalis R cells grown on medium containing folic acid catalyzed the formation of an amino acid derivative esterified to tRNA which lacked a free α-amino group; of the amino acids tested, only methionine was a substrate for the formation of such an aminoacyl-tRNA derivative containing a blocked α-amino group. The methionyl-tRNA derivative was identified as N-formylmethionyl-tRNA. Extracts prepared from S. faecalis R cells grown on folate-free medium supplemented with serine, methionine, a purine, and thymine could not catalyze the formation of any detectable aminoacyl-tRNA species containing a modified α-amino group. The in vivo level of charged tRNAmet of exponentially grown S. faecalis R was estimated to be near 100% for both folate-sufficient and folate-deficient grown cells, and the total amount of tRNAfmet was the same under both culture conditions. However, methionyl-tRNAfmet was only formylated in cells grown in the presence of folic acid. Approximately 82 to 85% of the tRNAfmet of S. faecalis R in exponential growth stage in folate-containing medium was blocked to further formylation using 10-[14C]formyltetrahydrofolate as the formyl donor, whereas none of the tRNAfmet prepared from cells grown in the absence of folic acid was blocked to formylation. These results indicate that methionyl-tRNA in S. faecalis R grown in the absence of folic acid but in the presence of the supplements is neither formylated nor contains a blocked α-amino group and provide further evidence that formylation of methionyl-tRNAfmet is not required for the initiation of protein synthesis in S. faecalis R under certain defined conditions of culture.
Nd:YAG laser irradiation in combination with contact tissue cooling for creation of subsurface thermal lesions (2005)

This study investigates deep laser coagulation of tissue in combination with contact cooling of the tissue surface for potential use in noninvasive urology procedures. A laser probe was designed, built, and tested for combination Nd:YAG laser irradiation and sapphire contact cooling of liver and skin tissue samples, ex vivo. Gross and histologic examination was used to quantify thermal lesion dimensions. Liver lesions measured 5.5 ± 0.3 mm in diameter, while preserving the tissue surface to a depth of 2.1 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5). Skin lesions measured 4.3 ± 0.9 mm in diameter, while preserving the skin surface to a depth of 1.1 ± 0.2 mm (n = 6). There were no statistical differences in lesion diameter and layer of preserved tissue between contact (sapphire) cooling and prior non-contact (cryogen spray) cooling results for a given tissue type (p > 0.05). Noninvasive laser procedures targeting tissue structures for thermal coagulation within a few millimeters of the tissue surface are feasible and may expand the use of combined laser/cooling techniques for applications in urology. In vivo animal studies are currently in development to optimize the laser and cooling parameters for potential clinical applications.
Relationship of Reproductive Hormones and Neuromuscular Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract (1998)

Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract comprise a common but ill-defined group of diseases; they primarily afflict women. Although predominantly involving nerve and muscle, the cellular and molecular bases of the pathogenesis of these functional disorders are unknown. Clinical studies indicate that some result from neural dysfunction within the enteric nervous system, others may be due to muscular problems, and the causes of still others remain unknown. Laboratory studies have shown that ovarian products such as progesterone, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and relaxin (but not estrogen), are neural antagonists of gastrointestinal motility. The production and secretion of these ovarian substances are controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released from the hypothalamus; they probably act on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and alter chloride influx into the cell. GnRH analogs are effective drugs that downmodulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and inhibit the secretion of gonadal products involved in such hormone-dependent diseases as endometriosis and prostate cancer. Acting on the GnRH receptors (seven transmembrane domain receptors) on myenteric neurons, GnRH analogs are also effective neural modulators in such disorders as functional bowel disease. These analogs are a promising new group of compounds that may be used to treat difficult gastrointestinal problems.
Bunched fluxon states in one-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays (1998)

Dynamics of fluxons in a discrete Josephson transmission line is investigated, combining numerical simulations and an analytical approach. It is found that, in different ranges of the parameters (the driving dc bias current and dissipative constant), two fluxons $(2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}$kinks) may form either a bifluxon $(4\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}$kink), or various bound states $(2\ensuremath{\pi}+2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}$kinks with a finite separation), which can stably propagate along the line. The stability of these states is investigated as a function of the kink velocity. An analytical approach is based on prediction of formation of a two-kink bound state through the interaction mediated by their oscillating ``tails.'' At small velocities, a satisfactory agreement is found between the analysis and the numerical results. At still smaller velocities, a new phenomenon is predicted analytically and found numerically, viz., transition from an asymmetric ``tailed'' kink to a symmetric tailless one. Conditions for experimental observation of the predicted behavior, as well as its practical consequences for the fluxon propagation in the discrete Josephson transmission lines, are discussed too.
p53 in Prostate Cancer: Frequent Expressed Transition Mutations (1994)

Further studies are required to determine the biologic role of p53 gene alterations in the development and progression of this disease and to determine whether p53 mutations can be useful as prognostic markers or for the selection of better treatments for prostate cancer patients.
Mixture Kalman filtering for joint carrier recovery and channel estimation in time-selective Rayleigh fading channels (2011)

This paper proposes a new blind algorithm, based on Mixture Kalman Filtering (MKF), for joint carrier recovery and channel estimation in time-selective Rayleigh fading channels. MKF is a powerful tool for estimating unknown parameters in non-linear, non-Gaussian, real-time applications. We use a combination of Kalman filtering and Sequential Monte Carlo Sampling to estimate the channel fading coefficients and joint posterior probability density of the unknown carrier offset and transmitted data respectively. We study the effect of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and doppler shift on Mean Square Error (MSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed algorithm through computer simulations. The results show that BER of the proposed algorithm achieves the theoretical performance slope for the full acquisition range of normalized carrier frequency offset.
REVIEWS Der Acte gratuit. Revoke und Literatur. Hegel-Dostojewskij-Nietzsche-Gide-Sartre-Camus-Beckett. By RAETHERMARTIN (Studia Romanica, 37). Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1980. 265 pp. (1984)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Der Acte gratuit. Revoke und Literatur. Hegel-Dostojewskij-Nietzsche-Gide-Sartre-Camus-Beckett. By MARTIN RAETHER (Studia Romanica, 37). Heidelberg: Carl Winter. 1980. 265 pp. NAOMI SEGAL NAOMI SEGAL CAMBRIDGE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXVIII, Issue 1, January 1984, Pages 105-a–105, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXVIII.1.105-a Published: 01 January 1984
Principles of Drug Action: The Basis of Pharmacology. (1975)

Molecular Basis of Pharmacologic Selectivity. Molecular Basis of Drug Action. The Entry, Distribution, And Elimination of Drugs. The Time Course of Drug Action. Pathways of Drug Metabolism. Molecular Aspects of Regulation and Structures of the Drug- Metabolizing Enzymes. Pharmacogenetics. Drug Allergy. Drug Resistance. Drug Tolerance and Physical Dependence. Chemical Mutagenesis. Chemical Carcinogenesis. Chemical Teratogenesis. Index
Rapid and efficient localization of depth electrodes and cortical labeling using free and open source medical software in epilepsy surgery candidates (2013)

Depth intracranial electrodes (IEs) placement is one of the most used procedures to identify the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in surgical treatment of drug resistant epilepsy patients, about 20-30% of this population. IEs localization is therefore a critical issue defining the EZ and its relation with eloquent functional areas. That information is then used to target the resective surgery and has great potential to affect outcome. We designed a methodological procedure intended to avoid the need for highly specialized medical resources and reduce time to identify the anatomical location of IEs, during the first instances of intracranial EEG recordings. This workflow is based on established open source software; 3D Slicer and Freesurfer that uses MRI and Post-implant CT fusion for the localization of IEs and its relation with automatic labeled surrounding cortex. To test this hypothesis we assessed the time elapsed between the surgical implantation process and the final anatomical localization of IEs by means of our proposed method compared against traditional visual analysis of raw post-implant imaging in two groups of patients. All IEs were identified in the first 24 H (6-24 H) of implantation using our method in 4 patients of the first group. For the control group; all IEs were identified by experts with an overall time range of 36 h to 3 days using traditional visual analysis. It included (7 patients), 3 patients implanted with IEs and the same 4 patients from the first group. Time to localization was restrained in this group by the specialized personnel and the image quality available. To validate our method; we trained two inexperienced operators to assess the position of IEs contacts on four patients (5 IEs) using the proposed method. We quantified the discrepancies between operators and we also assessed the efficiency of our method to define the EZ comparing the findings against the results of traditional analysis.
A General Decentralized Control Scheme for Medium-/High-Voltage Cascaded STATCOM (2018)

This study presents a general decentralized control scheme for cascaded H-bridge inverter-based static compensators in medium-/high-voltage power network. The H-bridge modules are controlled in a decentralized manner without a central controller and each module makes decisions based on individual local controller. The local controller includes two parts: first, a Q-ω boost control is introduced to share reactive power equally; and second, a scalable P-V control is established for balancing dc-link voltage of inverters. The proposed scheme can achieve frequency synchronization autonomously, and thus has advantages of improved reliability, scalability, and decreased costs. Moreover, an improved decentralized control is also proposed to adapt the grid-side dynamics when contingencies will occur. The system stability conditions are derived, and the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.
Investigation of the DCDC2 intron 2 deletion/compound short tandem repeat polymorphism in a large German dyslexia sample (2008)

Dyslexia is a complex disorder manifested by difficulties in learning to read and spell despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and sociocultural opportunity. It is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders with a prevalence of 5-12%. The dyslexia susceptibility locus 2 on chromosome 6p21-p22 is one of the best-replicated linkage regions in dyslexia. On the basis of systematic linkage disequilibrium studies, the doublecortin domain containing protein 2 gene (DCDC2) was identified as a strong candidate gene in this region. Data from a US study have suggested a complex deletion/compound short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism in intron 2 of DCDC2 as the causative mutation. In this study, we analyzed this polymorphism in 396 German dyslexia trios which included 376 trios previously providing strong support for the DCDC2 locus. We observed no significant deviation from random transmission, neither for the deletion nor for the alleles of the compound STR. We also did not find the deletion or any of the STR alleles to be in linkage disequilibrium with the 2-marker haplotype, which was associated with dyslexia in our sample. We thus conclude that the causative variant/s in DCDC2 conferring susceptibility to dyslexia in our sample remain/s to be identified.