gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry for the MRI accelerator: the impact of a magnetic field on the response of a Farmer NE2571 ionization chamber (2009)

The UMC Utrecht is constructing a 1.5 T MRI scanner integrated with a linear accelerator (Lagendijk et al 2008 Radiother. Oncol. 86 25-9). The goal of this device is to facilitate soft-tissue contrast based image-guided radiotherapy, in order to escalate the dose to the tumour while sparing surrounding normal tissues. Dosimetry for the MRI accelerator has to be performed in the presence of a magnetic field. This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Farmer NE2571 ionization chamber for absolute dosimetry. The impact of the mcagnetic field on the response of this ionization chamber has been measured and simulated using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations. Two orientations of the ionization chamber with respect to the incident beam and the magnetic field which are feasible in the MRI accelerator configuration are taken into account. Measurements are performed using a laboratory magnet ranging from 0 to 1.2 T. In the simulations a range from 0 to 2 T is used. For both orientations, the measurements and simulations agreed within the uncertainty of the measurements and simulations. In conclusion, the response of the ionization chamber as a function of the magnetic field is understood and can be simulated using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations.
DNA relatedness among species of <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Serratia</i> (1976)

Species of Enterobacter and Serratia were examined for deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness to Klebsielleae, to atypical erwiniae, and to other members of Enterobacteriaceae. Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and then hydroxyapatite chromatography was the technique used to assess relatedness. Strains of Enterobacter cloacae formed two separate hybridization groups that correlate with the presence or absence of yellow pigment. Pigmented E. cloacae were 75-100% related, but they were only 40-50% related to unpigmented strains. Conversely, unpigmented strains were 70% or more related but were only 40-50% related to the pigmented strains. Both pigmented and unpigmented E. cloacae were 40-45% related to Enterobacter aerogenes and klebsiellae, and 20-30% related to Serratia species and Enterobacter hafniae. Atypical erwiniae were highly related to E. cloacae. Serratia marcescens strains formed one closely related group. Serratia liquefaciens strains formed a single, more disperse, relatedness group, as did isolates of Serratia rubidaea. These species were related throughout a substantial portion of their genomes. A group of lysine-positive "Citrobacter-like" strains were 40-50% related to Serratia species. Only four E. hafniae strains were tested. Two of these were highly related, while the other two were only 50% related to the reference strain. Enterobacter hafniae was only 15-20% related to other Enterobacteriaceae.
Direct Photolysis of Phenacyl Protecting Groups Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis:  An Excited State Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Pathway Leads to Formation of Carboxylic Acids and Acetophenone (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Photolysis of Phenacyl Protecting Groups Studied by Laser Flash Photolysis: An Excited State Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Pathway Leads to Formation of Carboxylic Acids and AcetophenoneAnamitro Banerjee and Daniel E. FalveyView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland,College Park, Maryland 20742 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12, 2965–2966Publication Date (Web):March 17, 1998Publication History Received5 May 1997Published online17 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja971431thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja971431trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views963Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Photodissociation Get e-Alerts
EP1 antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory pain. (2007)

This review summarizes the publication and patent literature reporting on prostaglandin E(2) receptor 1 (EP(1)) antagonists from 2006 to the present. Pertinent references from 2005 are also included. New chemical entities disclosed as EP(1) antagonists are highlighted with particular focus on their potential to treat inflammatory pain. In the time period covered by this review there has been a significant increase in the number of publications describing EP(1) antagonists. Several papers detail in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of inflammatory pain and overactive bladder. It is evident that at least one molecule, if not more, has been selected as a development candidate. In addition to acidic antagonists, several research groups have detailed their efforts to identify non-acidic EP(1) antagonists. Progress in this challenging area is evident from the excellent in vitro activity that has been described to date.
Compress Objects, Not Cache Lines (2019)

Existing cache and main memory compression techniques compress data in small fixed-size blocks, typically cache lines. Moreover, they use simple compression algorithms that focus on exploiting redundancy within a block. These techniques work well for scientific programs that are dominated by arrays. However, they are ineffective on object-based programs because objects do not fall neatly into fixed-size blocks and have a more irregular layout. We present the first compressed memory hierarchy designed for object-based applications. We observe that (i) objects, not cache lines, are the natural unit of compression for these programs, as they traverse and operate on object pointers; and (ii) though redundancy within each object is limited, redundancy across objects of the same type is plentiful. We exploit these insights through Zippads, an object-based compressed memory hierarchy, and COCO, a cross-object-compression algorithm. Building on a recent object-based memory hierarchy, Zippads transparently compresses variable-sized objects and stores them compactly. As a result, Zippads consistently outperforms a state-of-the-art compressed memory hierarchy: on a mix of array- and object-dominated workloads, Zippads achieves 1.63x higher compression ratio and improves performance by 17%.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization en suspension (FISHES) using digoxigenin-labeled probes and flow cytometry. (1992)

Fluorescent in situ hybridization has become a major technique for visualizing genetic material in fixed cells. Currently, many systems utilize the hybridization of labeled molecular probes to cells that are attached to slides. We have developed a technique that allows for in situ hybridization to be performed using cells in suspension. By using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes and a fluoresceinated antibody directed against the digoxigenin, we can measure the resulting signal on a flow cytometer and the cells can be attached to microscope slides for visual analysis.
MARCOnI—ConvNet-Based MARker-Less Motion Capture in Outdoor and Indoor Scenes (2016)

Marker-less motion capture has seen great progress, but most state-of-the-art approaches fail to reliably track articulated human body motion with a very low number of cameras, let alone when applied in outdoor scenes with general background. In this paper, we propose a method for accurate marker-less capture of articulated skeleton motion of several subjects in general scenes, indoors and outdoors, even from input filmed with as few as two cameras. The new algorithm combines the strengths of a discriminative image-based joint detection method with a model-based generative motion tracking algorithm through an unified pose optimization energy. The discriminative part-based pose detection method is implemented using Convolutional Networks (ConvNet) and estimates unary potentials for each joint of a kinematic skeleton model. These unary potentials serve as the basis of a probabilistic extraction of pose constraints for tracking by using weighted sampling from a pose posterior that is guided by the model. In the final energy, we combine these constraints with an appearance-based model-to-image similarity term. Poses can be computed very efficiently using iterative local optimization, since joint detection with a trained ConvNet is fast, and since our formulation yields a combined pose estimation energy with analytic derivatives. In combination, this enables to track full articulated joint angles at state-of-the-art accuracy and temporal stability with a very low number of cameras. Our method is efficient and lends itself to implementation on parallel computing hardware, such as GPUs. We test our method extensively and show its advantages over related work on many indoor and outdoor data sets captured by ourselves, as well as data sets made available to the community by other research labs. The availability of good evaluation data sets is paramount for scientific progress, and many existing test data sets focus on controlled indoor settings, do not feature much variety in the scenes, and often lack a large corpus of data with ground truth annotation. We therefore further contribute with a new extensive test data set called MPI-MARCOnI for indoor and outdoor marker-less motion capture that features 12 scenes of varying complexity and varying camera count, and that features ground truth reference data from different modalities, ranging from manual joint annotations to marker-based motion capture results. Our new method is tested on these data, and the data set will be made available to the community.
A knowledge graph of clinical trials ($$\mathop {\mathtt {CTKG}}\limits$$) (2022)

Effective and successful clinical trials are essential in developing new drugs and advancing new treatments. However, clinical trials are very expensive and easy to fail. The high cost and low success rate of clinical trials motivate research on inferring knowledge from existing clinical trials in innovative ways for designing future clinical trials. In this manuscript, we present our efforts on constructing the first publicly available Clinical Trials Knowledge Graph, denoted as [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] includes nodes representing medical entities in clinical trials (e.g., studies, drugs and conditions), and edges representing the relations among these entities (e.g., drugs used in studies). Our embedding analysis demonstrates the potential utilities of [Formula: see text] in various applications such as drug repurposing and similarity search, among others.
Nonmuscle Myosin Promotes Cytoplasmic Localization of PBX (2003)

In the absence of MEIS family proteins, two mechanisms are known to restrict the PBX family of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors to the cytoplasm. First, PBX is actively exported from the nucleus via a CRM1-dependent pathway. Second, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) within the PBX HD are masked by intramolecular contacts. In a screen to identify additional proteins directing PBX subcellular localization, we identified a fragment of murine nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain B (NMHCB). The interaction of NMHCB with PBX was verified by coimmunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining revealed colocalization of NMHCB with cytoplasmic PBX in the mouse embryo distal limb bud. The interaction domain in PBX mapped to a conserved PBC-B region harboring a potential coiled-coil structure. In support of the cytoplasmic retention function, the NMHCB fragment competes with MEIS1A to redirect PBX, and the fly PBX homologue EXD, to the cytoplasm of mammalian and insect cells. Interestingly, MEIS1A also localizes to the cytoplasm in the presence of the NMHCB fragment. These activities are largely independent of nuclear export. We show further that the subcellular localization of EXD is deregulated in Drosophila zipper mutants that are depleted of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain. This study reveals a novel and evolutionarily conserved mechanism controlling the subcellular distribution of PBX and EXD proteins.
The use of Screen Recorders for Assessment and Learning of Data Analysis (2009)

For their first assignment on a Year 1 research design and analysis module, 145 undergraduate psychology students used screen capture software, Windows Media Encoder, to produce short narrated movies of themselves conducting a statistical analysis exercise. As anticipated, the submitted movie files proved to be more informative of students' statistical understanding than were traditional pen and paper methods, betraying weaknesses in their statistical thinking. This led to an average 14% drop in marks awarded in comparison to pen and paper groups, but served to discriminate ability across a cohort more effectively and allow for more useful feedback. Feedback questionnaires completed by the students at the end of the module revealed the new assessment method had increased their engagement with the assignment, and improved confidence and competence in conducting statistical analysis. The results are interpreted as providing promising initial support for the method. Psychological factors considered to contribute to the effectiveness of the method, plus further potential applications across the psychology curriculum, are discussed.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Different Methods of Posterior Subtenon Injection (2008)

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of different methods of posterior subtenon (PST) injection of corticosteroids in the treatment of cystoid macular edema secondary to intermediate uveitis. Design: Prospective comparative randomized interventional study. Participants: A total number of 30 eyes with cystoid macular edema secondary to intermediate uveitis were examined. Methods: Patients were randomized into 3 treatment groups of 10 eyes each. Each group received PST injection of triamcinolone acetonide 0.5 mL (20 mg) by one of three methods: cannula method (group 1), Smith and Nozik method (group 2), or orbital floor injection method (group 3). Patients underwent Snellen's and ETDRS visual acuity (VA) testing, clinical evaluation, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) at baseline and follow-up visits. Outcome measures: Changes in Snellen and ETDRS VA, OCT retinal thickness and assessments of safety were recorded in follow-up visits. Results: Postintervention patients were followed up at the 1st, 2nd, 6th, and 12th weeks. Statistically significant (p = .00) improvement in VA was present in group1 from 0.25 ± 0.08 (mean ± standard deviation) to 0.75 ± 0.24, in group 2 from 0.29 ± 0.12 to 0.78 ± 0.23, and in group 3 from 0.24 ± 0.10 to 0.72 ± 0.27. Statistically significant decrease in OCT central macular thickness (43.97% in group 1, 32.46% in group 2, and 29.75% in group 3) was noted at 12 weeks. However, the difference between individual groups at each visit did not reach statistical significance. Steroid-induced rise in intraocular pressure was observed in all the three groups with no statistical difference between individual groups. Conclusions: The different methods of PST injection are equally efficacious in terms of improving visual acuity. However, the cannula method achieves the greatest quantitative reduction in macular thickness. As the cannula method is as efficacious as Smith and Nozik method it may be a preferable method to deliver posterior subtenon injection of corticosteroids.
Kinematic Geometry of Surface Machining (2007)

The principle of Occam's razor loosely translates tothe simplest solution is often the best. The author of Kinematic Geometry of Surface Machining utilizes this reductionist philosophy to provide a solution to the highly inefficient process of machining sculptured parts on multi-axis NC machines. He has developed a method to quickly calcu
Construction and structural modeling of a single‐chain Fv–asparaginase fusion protein resistant to proteolysis (2000)

In this study, we construct a fusion protein composed of L-asparaginase (ASNase; from Escherichia coli AS 1.357) and a protective single-chain Fv (scFv), which was selected from a phage-display scFv library from our previous studies. The antibody moiety of the fusion protein was fused to the N-terminus of the enzyme moiety via a linker peptide, (Gly4Ser)6. Recombinant plasmid pET-SLA was constructed to express scFv–ASNase fusion to high levels in E. coli and the expressed product was found to form inclusion bodies. We obtained a soluble fusion protein by refolding and purification. The soluble fusion protein exhibited about 82% of the enzymatic activity of the native ASNase at the same molar concentration, and had a Km value similar to that of the native enzyme for the substrate L-asparagine. Importantly, the fusion protein was more stable than native ASNase. In addition: (1) following treatment with trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and rennet, at 37°C for 30 min, scFv–ASNase fusion retained 94.0%, 88.8%, and 84.5% of its original activity, respectively, whereas native ASNase became inactive; and (2) ScFv–ASNase fusion had a much longer in vitro half-life (9 h) in serum than the native enzyme (2 h). The three-dimensional structure of the fusion protein was obtained by modeling with the Homology and Discover modules of the INSIGHT II software package. On the basis of the structural evidence and biochemical properties, we propose that the scFv moiety of the fusion protein may confer ASNase moiety resistance to proteolysis as a result of both steric hindrance and a change in the electrostatic surface of the enzyme. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 70: 456–463, 2000.
Sputter Type HF Ion Source for Ion Beam Deposition Apparatus (1987)

A sputter-type HF(high-frequency) ion source was developed. The L-coupled high-frequency discharge phenomenon was combined with DC diode sputtering to enhance the plasma density. A high-density plasma of 3×10 12 ions/cm 3 was effectively generated at an HF power of 300W, since the plasma could almost be confined in the limited space of a target, an HF coil and an ion extraction aperture electrode. Then, most of the solid source materials were effectively vaporized by high-rate sputtering (400 Å/s for Cu target) in the ionization region and were simultaneously highly ionized. The excess energy and the energy spread Δ E of the extracted ion beam were 13.5 eV and 7.8 eV, respectively. The maximum ion current of the mass separated Cu + current was 530 µA without deceleration, under the conditions of an Ar sputter gas pressure of 1×10 -1 Torr (1.33×10 1 Pa), HF power of 300W, and an extraction voltage of 10 kV, respectively.
Nanostructures and Nanomaterials (2011)

Nanostructures and nanomaterials , Nanostructures and nanomaterials , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Fouling Studies of a Pervaporation Membrane with Commercial Fermentation Media and Fermentation Broth of Hyper-Butanol-Producing <i>Clostridium beijerinckii</i> BA101 (1999)

Abstract Fouling studies of a pervaporation membrane (area based on internal tube diameter 0.08 m2) were carried out in batch mode using model butanol solution in distilled water, commercial fermentation media (P2 and corn steep liquor, CSL), and P2 and CSL fermentation broth. Butanol fermentations were conducted using semidefined P2 medium, CSL medium (a low cost commercial nutrient medium), and the Clostridium beijerinckii BA101 hyper-butanol-producing mutant strain. The rates of removal of butanol from the commercial fermentation media (P2 and CSL) were similar to the rates of butanol removal from butanol solution in water. The rates of removal of butanol from the CSL fermentation broth were higher than the rates of butanol removal from butanol solution in water and fermentation media. Butanol removal experiments were run from 14 to 240 hours using different media and fermentation broth, and it was concluded that the pervaporation membrane did not foul under the conditions employed. The selectivities of butanol ranged from 20 to 55 when feed butanol ranged from 33.0 to 3.33 g/L. The total flux was 25–45 g/m2ċh using air as the sweep gas. In the permeate, the butanol concentration ranged from 122.9 to 458 g/L. Keywords: Fouling Clostridium beijerinckii BA101ButanolFermentation mediaFermentation broth ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported in part by the Illinois Corn Marketing Board (ICMB). Corn steep liquor was kindly provided by Archer Midland Daniels (ADM) Co. (Decatur, IL). N.Q. acknowledges help from Mr. Troy Jesse for generating Figs. 2-5.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Molecules by Double C(sp<sup>2</sup>)−H/C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Arylations with a Single Palladium Catalyst (2011)

Polycyclic molecules were obtained in good yields by double C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H arylations mediated by a single palladium/phosphine catalyst. Both double intermolecular/intramolecular and intramolecular/intramolecular C-C couplings were performed successfully, which indicates that this concept has a broad applicability for the rapid construction of molecular complexity.
Data Mining for Efficient Collaborative Information Discovery (2015)

The cybersecurity community expends considerable effort on establishing protocols, data formats, and coordination centers for sharing operational security information. There is widespread agreement that sharing information should create value, but also that it is far from simple for one organization to use intelligence provided to it by another. Substantial work focuses on engineering ontologies and data formats to resolve syntactic, and to some extent semantic, differences. These solutions aim to create high quality low noise shared data resources, but require substantial commitments in technology, man hours, and inter-organizational relationship building. Such expenditures may be beyond the reach of many organizations, especially since a substantial portion of the resulting shared data will remain unused.
Analysis of Global Sensitivity of Landing Variables on Landing Loads and Extreme Values of the Loads in Carrier-Based Aircrafts (2018)

When a carrier-based aircraft is in arrested landing on deck, the impact loads on landing gears and airframe are closely related to landing states. The distribution and extreme values of the landing loads obtained during life-cycle analysis provide an important basis for buffering parameter design and fatigue design. In this paper, the effect of the multivariate distribution was studied based on military standards and guides. By establishment of a virtual prototype, the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST) method is applied on sensitivity analysis of landing variables. The results show that sinking speed and rolling angle are the main influencing factors on the landing gear’s course load and vertical load; sinking speed, rolling angle, and yawing angle are the main influencing factors on the landing gear’s lateral load; and sinking speed is the main influencing factor on the barycenter overload. The extreme values of loads show that the typical condition design in the structural strength analysis is safe. The maximum difference value of the vertical load of the main landing gear is 12.0%. This research may provide some reference for structure design of landing gears and compilation of load spectrum for carrier-based aircrafts.