gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum antibody response to active infection with<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>and its varieties in immunocompetent subjects (1996)

Using a class-specific enzyme immunoassay IgG and IgA anticryptococcal antibody was measured in 400 serum specimens at 1 week to 11'7 years after diagnosis from 43 immunocompetent subjects with confirmed active cryptococcosis. The prevalence of IgG was 86% at diagnosis, rose to 100% by 2 weeks and remained high thereafter. IgA prevalence was 71% at diagnosis, rose to 75% at 2 weeks and then fell over 2 years. IgG and IgA prevalence in paediatric controls was 5% and 0%, respectively. Mean antibody levels showed the same pattern and neither levels nor prevalence were influenced by age, sex or site of infection. Patients with the variety gattii infection had a greater antibody response than those with the variety neoJormans which was significant for IgA. Specific anticryptococcal antibody was regularly present in conjunction with cryptococcal antigen at diagnosis, lgG persists but IgA falls over 1-2 years. The assay described may be a useful tool to study the antibody response and seroepidemiology of infection with C. neoJormans.
Targeted gene correction strategies. (2001)

We are now approaching the reality of success in gene therapy as our knowledge of the genetic basis of disease continues to grow, coupled with improved delivery methods for therapeutic nucleic acid molecules. It is apparent that gene therapy can be divided into two specific and very different approaches in which gene replacement, or augmentation, is differentiated from gene repair. In fact, gene augmentation is characterized by the delivery of the coding sequence of the gene of interest in an expression cassette. In contrast, gene repair differs in that the process targets for correction of the mutation responsible for the genetic disorder. The in situ repair of a gene has many advantages over conventional replacement methods. This review will concentrate on the various strategies currently available for gene repair. The potential benefits of correction versus augmentation will be addressed and possible future developments outlined.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Preliminary in Vivo Biological Evaluation of Nanocapsules Loaded with siRNA Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha (2008)

Specific siRNAs that target estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) were encapsulated in nanocapsules (NCs). We produced small (approximately 100-200 nm) ERalpha-siRNA NCs with a water core by incorporating two mixed duplexes of specific ERalpha-siRNAs (ERalpha-mix-siRNA) into NCs. The encapsulation yield that was obtained with poly(iso-butylcyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) NCs was low, whereas no release of trapped siRNA was observed for poly(ethylene)glycol-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) NCs. High levels of ERalpha-siRNA incorporation into PEG-epsilon-caprolactone-malic acid (PEG-PCL/MA) NCs (3.3 microM in a polymer solution at 16 mg/mL) were observed (72% yield). No difference in size or zeta potential was observed between siRNA NCs that were based on PEG-PCL/MA and empty NCs. Fluorescence quenching assays confirmed the incorporation of siRNA into the NC core. A persistent loss of ERalpha (90% over 5 days) was observed in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that were exposed to PEG-PCL/MA NCs that were loaded with ERalpha-siRNA. The intravenous injection of these NCs into estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 cell xenografts led to a significant decrease in tumor growth and a decrease in ERalpha expression in tumor cells. These data indicate that a novel strategy, based on ERalpha-siRNA delivery, could be developed for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers.
INVERSE THEORY APPLIED TO MULTI‐SOURCE CROSS‐HOLE TOMOGRAPHY. (1990)

A bstract Frequency‐domain methods are well suited to the imaging of wide‐aperture cross‐hole data. However, although the combination of the frequency domain with the wavenumber domain has facilitated the development of rapid algorithms, such as diffraction tomography, this has also required linearization with respect to homogeneous reference media. This restriction, and association restrictions on source‐receiver geometries, are overcome by applying inverse techniques that operate in the frequency‐space domain. In order to incorporate the rigorous modelling technique of finite differences into the inverse procedure a nonlinear approach is used. To reduce computational costs the method of finite differences is applied directly to the frequency‐domain wave equation. The use of high speed, high capacity vector computers allow the resultant finite‐difference equations to be factored in‐place. In this way wavefields can be computed for additional source positions at minimal extra cost, allowing inversions to be generated using data from a very large number of source positions. Synthetic studies show that where weak scatter approximations are valid, diffraction tomography performs slightly better than a single iteration of non‐linear inversion. However, if the background velocities increase systematically with depth, diffraction tomography is ineffective whereas non‐linear inversion yields useful images from one frequency component of the data after a single iteration. Further synthetic studies indicate the efficacy of the method in the time‐lapse monitoring of injection fluids in tertiary hydrocarbon recovery projects.
The position of the LysN?H2-grafted antigens along the sequential oligopeptide carrier, Ac-(Aib-Lys-Aib-Gly)n (SOCn-II), influences the antibody recognition: Application to the Sm main autoimmune epitope (2000)

A sequential oligopeptide carrier of antigenic peptides is presented, incorporating two Aib residues in each repetitive moiety: Ac-(Aib-Lys-Aib-Gly)(n) (SOC(n) -II; n = 2-4). The conformational study, by (1)H-nmr, CD, and Fourier transform ir spectroscopy, indicated that the SOC(n) -II carrier displays a pronounced 3(10)-helix, compared to the Ac-(Lys-Aib-Gly)(n) (SOC(n) -I) carrier of the same approximately backbone length, previously reported. One of the dominant autoimmune epitopes of the Sm and U1RNP cellular components, the PPGMRPP sequence, was coupled to the Lys-N(epsilon)H(2) groups of the SOC(n) -II carrier and used as antigenic substrate for detecting anti-Sm/U1RNP autoantibodies in ELISA assays. Anti-Sm antibodies are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus, while anti-U1RNP are specific for mixed connective tissue disease. The anti-(PPGMRPP)(5)-SOC(n) -II ELISA was compared with the anti-(PPGMRPP)(n) -SOC(n) -I ELISA, provided that both antigenic substrates possess the same amount of the epitope replicates. The significance of the lysine positions along the oligopeptide backbone of the carrier for a favorable antibody recognition of the anchored antigens is also examined.
Endemic Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) and their parasites (Hymenoptera) on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (1985)

Four species of whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), T. merlini (Bemis), Aleyrodes spiraeoides Quaint., and Aleyrodes sp. A) were collected on native plants on southern Vancouver Island. Three species of parasite (Encarsia sp. (?formosa Gah.), Euderomophale sp. and Amitus arcturus Whitt.) were reared from these species. The possibility of using these parasites for biological control of T. vaporariorum in greenhouses is briefly discussed.
Armicarb® - a new bio-fungicide for use in organic and conventional fruit growing in Europe. (2012)

Armicarb ® is a bio-fungicide being developed across Europe by Agronaturalis Ltd. for use in a wide range of crops; grapevines, hops, pome fruit, soft fruit, stone fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. Armicarb ® is a specially optimised formulation of potassium bicarbonate; the result of extensive testing by researchers at Cornell University, USA, for use as an agricultural fungicide. The proprietary wetting system ensures a complete and thorough covering of plant surfaces, whilst at the same time limiting wash-off of the highly water-soluble active substance by rain. It is this critical balance of ‘sticking’ and ‘spreading’ by the formulation that delivers a level of field performance, outdoors as well as in protected conditions, equivalent to conventional fungicide standards. Armicarb ® has a broad spectrum of activity against important fungal pathogens, including but not limited to powdery mildews, Botrytis and Venturia spp. While it acts exclusively through direct contact to spores and fungal hyphae on the plant surface, laboratory studies on apple seedlings maintained under high relative humidity conditions demonstrated a limited curative activity against infections of Venturia inaequalis. The mode of action of the fungicide active substance is very rapid, allowing infections to be prevented as long as fungal hyphae have not yet penetrated through the cuticle. Results of development trials against Botrytis in grapevines and powdery mildew in protected vegetables are presented here.
On the MAX/TC criterion for code acquisition and its application to DS-SSMA systems (1996)

We analyze in depth the MAX/TC criterion for code acquisition in spread-spectrum transmissions. The uncertainty region is divided into sectors: inside each sector, the cell with associated maximum test variable is selected (MAX criterion), and sectors are serially tested according to the threshold crossing (TC) criterion. The most commonly used analysis tools for code acquisition, namely the direct and the flow-graph approaches, are extended to the MAX/TC criterion. An accurate but simple approximation to the acquisition time probability density function is found in terms of a gamma distribution, which is shown to yield much better accuracy than the Gaussian distribution. The general formulation is applied to the particular case of direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS-SSMA) systems, showing that sector size is a fundamental parameter to be optimized in the minimization of acquisition time, and that in some cases MAX/TC with parallel architecture performs marginally better than MAX/TC with serial architecture.
A 0.9dB NF 9mW 28nm triple-band GNSS radio receiver (2014)

In order to achieve noise figure smaller than 1dB, the GNSS receivers require external LNA, which adds area, cost and current consumption. A 28nm CMOS sub-1dB NF 9mW GNSS receiver is presented, requiring no external components. This work takes advantage of symmetry in performance between NMOS and PMOS at 28nm node and demonstrates that low NF is possible on advanced CMOS at low power levels, with proper design of on-chip matching components.
Thermal Analyses from Thermally-Controlled Solidification (TCS) Trials on Large Investment Castings (1996)

Thermally controlled solidification (TCS) has been developed as a patented process for casting complex components with minimal shrink. The principle of TCS is based on the controlled advancement of the solidification front in an investment casting mold. Benefits of the TCS process include reduced as-cast shrink levels, and enhanced abilities to cast thin walls and feed complex configurations. The development of the TCS process began at Precision Castparts Corporation in 1988, using a modified directional-solidification furnace. In 1992, PCC procured a laboratoryscale TCS furnace and tested the capabilities of the TCS process with pour weights up to 45 kg. In 1995, PCC completed the construction of a TCS furnace with the capability for pour weights up to 370 kg.
Slimwell Concept – Innovative Coiled Tubing Completion Technology (1999)

Abstract This paper will present the results from a joint industry project (JIP) the object of which was to provide an effective solution to ‘slimming’ down the wellbore geometry whilst overcoming the associated drawbacks of slim annuli, such as surge and swab pressures during casing installation and circulation pressures while cementing. The objective of the system is three fold; First, to enable a conventional sized wellbore across the reservoir while significantly reducing the size of the upper hole and casing. Second, to enable an existing well with a 7″ casing/liner across the reservoir to be significantly deepened, maintaining the option for several casing points, and finally, The capability of an effective means of installing high integrity lateral liners. The common approach throughout all of the well construction processes described in this paper is a series of liners, with tiebacks to previous liner tops as required. With the current trend towards smaller riser and casing configurations, particularly in deep water operations, this innovative development now allows a broader range of options for well architects. A well with all the necessary casing points and contingencies can be accommodated within a jointed riser as small as 11″ internal diameter, whilst maintaining a hole size across the reservoir capable of significant production, well servicing and data gathering. Reeled drilling, reeled risers and the reeled well construction process made possible with this innovative development offers the real possibility of constructing low cost "Finder well" for exploration of hydrocarbons both in deep and shallow waters.
The c- jun Proto-oncogene Down-regulates the Rat α-Fetoprotein Promoter in HepG2 Hepatoma Cells without Binding to DNA (1995)

The effects of a phorbol ester (TPA) and of members of the Jun and Fos oncoprotein family on the activity of the rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter were checked by using transient expression experiments in HepG2 hepatoma cells. TPA blocked the activity of the rat AFP promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of c-Jun specifically repressed the rat AFP promoter but not the albumin promoter. JunB and JunD were poorer inhibitors. c-Fos expression did not potentiate the negative effect of Jun. The Jun-induced repression does not require binding of c-Jun to the AFP promoter. DNase 1 footprinting experiments did not display any high affinity binding site for Jun on the AFP promoter. Integrity of the c-Jun DNA binding domain is not required for the c-Jun protein to block the AFP promoter. The N-terminal part of Jun, which contains the activating domain, is responsible for the repression as shown by using Jun-Gal4 chimera. Jun likely exerts its negative control on the AFP promoter via protein-protein interactions with a not yet identified trans-activating factor within the -134 to +6 region or with a component of the general machinery of transcription. Jun proteins can thus be key intermediates in regulatory cascades which result in the differential modulation of the AFP and albumin gene expression in the course of liver development and carcinogenesis.
Prophage Induction by Ultraviolet Light inAcinetobacter calcoaceticus (1986)

UV-induction of prophage P78 of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus increased with the UV-dose given to the lysogenic strain from the spontaneous induction frequency of about 0.8% to a maximal frequency of 10%. This 10- to 20-fold increase of induction frequency, as measured by the number of infective centres, was accompanied by a 1000-fold increase in the yield of free phage. This effect was probably due to an increase in burst size under the conditions of lysogenic induction. Unusually, the lysogen was more resistant to UV-irradiation than the corresponding non-lysogenic strain.
Switched Beam Array Antenna for 2.45 GHz RFID Localisation (2011)

Most people are familiar with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as its applications are around us in many systems, such as anti-theft devices in shops, supermarkets and libraries, building access systems. The number of applications and devices has developed explosively in the past decade and has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the radio technology industry. RFID systems allow information to be attached to items such as products, animals or even people. This information may be read, and in some cases changed, by an RFID reader some distance away. RFID localisation systems are an active area of research as they add further capabilities to current RFID systems. Localisation allows the position of tagged items to be determined from the RFID communications signal. Current systems can confirm that a specific item is within the reader read range but finding the item requires a systematic search. \n\nThe primary objective of this thesis is to build a new, economical and versatile 2.45 GHz localisation system for active and passive RFID tags. Alternative systems rely upon signal strength measurements and yield large uncertainties due to the unknown orientation of the tags. The proposed system reader consists of a microstrip switched beam array antenna. The array antenna allows the estimation of the angular position of the tag. The use of two or more readers provides the tags position by triangulation. The array antenna provides other advantages such as improved read range and mitigation against interference and multipath fading. \n\nIn the process of designing the antenna array, several new, compact, slotted, circularly polarised, square patch antennas have been produced. A range of technologies have been applied to achieve miniaturisation of the microwave circuit elements require to drive the antenna array, the Butler matrix (BM). Fabricated circuits achieve significant size area reduction with similar performances compared to the conventional ones. These developments will have wide application beyond the RFID localisation system.\n\nFinally, accuracy of the system varies with angle due to the complicated relationships between Angle of Arrival (AoA) and port output powers. The localisation algorithm along with measured power inside the standard anechoic room show that the standard deviations of the AoA estimation errors less than 1.6° for most angles in the operational range from -90 degrees to 90 degree and a standard error less than 0.6o for AoA angles with 20o of the perpendicular at AoA with power ratios perturbed by additive noise of standard deviation 0.5 dB.
Fault diagnostics and vibration control of paper winders (2006)

A Level-to-Level Minimization (LLM) algorithm based on Boolean algebra was developed and compared to the Quine-McCluskey algorithm based on the manipulation of truth tables of logic functions. The minimization with Boolean laws can save much computing time and memory with certain types of logic functions when compared to the methods based on truth tables. A Multilevel Product-Of-Sums net model is introduced as well. A practical example demonstrates the use of the methods in the paper winders.\n\nTwo different case studies of model-based fault diagnostics are introduced. The first deals with tension control of a paper web and the latter the hydraulic force control of a rider roll. A very detailed simulation model of a rider roll is used to examine the effects of various types of faults in a hydraulic system.\n\nThe theories of the delayed resonators and active resonator absorbers were further developed. The new methods make it possible to control both resonance frequency and damping factor. A cascade-controlled delayed resonator was also developed to broaden the operating range of actively controlled mass dampers. Stability issues were considered as well. An active damping application based on a hydraulic actuator was also developed. This method was tested with a full-scale pilot winder.
The Engineering of a Novel Ligand in gH Confers to HSV an Expanded Tropism Independent of gD Activation by Its Receptors (2015)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters cells by means of four essential glycoproteins - gD, gH/gL, gB, activated in a cascade fashion by gD binding to one of its receptors, nectin1 and HVEM. We report that the engineering in gH of a heterologous ligand - a single-chain antibody (scFv) to the cancer-specific HER2 receptor - expands the HSV tropism to cells which express HER2 as the sole receptor. The significance of this finding is twofold. It impacts on our understanding of HSV entry mechanism and the design of retargeted oncolytic-HSVs. Specifically, entry of the recombinant viruses carrying the scFv-HER2-gH chimera into HER2+ cells occurred in the absence of gD receptors, or upon deletion of key residues in gD that constitute the nectin1/HVEM binding sites. In essence, the scFv in gH substituted for gD-mediated activation and rendered a functional gD non-essential for entry via HER2. The activation of the gH moiety in the chimera was carried out by the scFv in cis, not in trans as it occurs with wt-gD. With respect to the design of oncolytic-HSVs, previous retargeting strategies were based exclusively on insertion in gD of ligands to cancer-specific receptors. The current findings show that (i) gH accepts a heterologous ligand. The viruses retargeted via gH (ii) do not require the gD-dependent activation, and (iii) replicate and kill cells at high efficiency. Thus, gH represents an additional tool for the design of fully-virulent oncolytic-HSVs retargeted to cancer receptors and detargeted from gD receptors.
Recombinant factor VIIa in the management of postpartum bleeds: an audit of clinical use (2006)

This review provides the largest aggregate of cases in which recombinant factor VIIa has been used to control obstetrical bleeding. A review of these cases suggests that this agent may be a useful and safe adjunctive therapy in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.
Scalable coding of video objects (2002)

This paper provides a methodology to encode video objects in a scalable manner with regard to both content and quality. Content scalability and quality scalability have been identified as required features in order to support video coding across different environments. Following the object-based approach to coding video, we extend our previous work on motion-based segmentation by using a time recursive approach to segmenting image sequences and decomposing a video "shot" into its constituent objects. Our formulation of the segmentation problem enables us to design a codec in which the information (shape, texture and motion) pertaining to each video object is encoded independent of the other. The multiresolution wavelet decomposition used in encoding texture information is shown to be helpful in providing spatial scalability. Our codec design is also shown to be temporally scalable.
Future trends in wafer scale integration (1986)

The dramatic increase in the functional density of VLSI has been achieved without greatly increasing the chip size. In wafer scale integration, the area of an entire wafer is made available to increase the functional density still further. However, the requirement for fault tolerance, additional levels of metallization, excess power dissipation, process conservatism to achieve finite yield, and nonoptimum nature of the AI/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> transmission line for cross-wafer communication have made WSI noncompetitive with state-of-the-art VLSI and dense multichip hybrid packaging approaches, at least so far. On the other hand, the potential benefits of WSI are great. Chief among them is the greatly increased expected reliability, which is partly due to an all-monolithic system and partly because of the hope that fault tolerance, which is an absolute requirement for WSI fabrication, can be extended to failure tolerance, and thus the ability to reconfigure during systems operation, and perhaps even transparent to it. Pipeline- or bus-oriented logic structures were found to be the most promising for WSI implementation.