gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically active polyethers from chiral terminal epoxides with bulky group (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Although the backbone of polyethers from epoxides is flexible and less rigid in solution, we try to determine whether chiral terminal epoxides could form single‐handed helical coiling in solution with the introduction of a bulky group at the 3‐carbon that may fix the helix sense through the large interaction between pendants. RESULTS: Several chiral terminal epoxides with bulky groups at the 3‐carbon such as ( S )‐4,4,4‐triphenyl‐1‐butene oxide (( S )‐TPBO), ( S )‐4,4‐diphenyl‐1‐butene oxide, ( S )‐4‐benzyl‐4,4‐diphenyl‐1‐butene oxide and ( S )‐4,4‐diphenyl‐1‐nonene oxide were synthesized and polymerized. Except for poly[( S )‐TPBO], the polyepoxides could not retain a stable helical conformation in solution. CONCLUSION: The conformation and length of polymers were directly related to the bulky substituent on the 3‐carbon of chiral epoxides, and if the bulkiness and rigidity of the substituent were appropriate, the helical conformation of the polyethers formed could be retained in solution. Optically active polyethers would be potential substitutes for optically active poly(triphenylmethyl methacrylate) due to their much greater hydrolytic resistance. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF TENNIS VOLLEY (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine selected kinematic variables of the tennis volley. Fifteen skilled tennis players performed volley strokes under five (right, right-middle, middle, left-middle, left) different lateral contact locations. A ball machine was modified so subjects could not predict the ball trajectory before it was released from the machine. Two high-speed cameras (250Hz) were genlocked to collect the data and the Kwon3D software was used to analyze the temporal and kinematic variables. The results indicated the middle location have the shortest pushing (0.249s) and stroke (0.466s) time than other locations. An ipsilateral side step occurred more often in Backhand (BH, 86%) than in Forehand (FH, 67%). In addition, more FH volley (55%) was used than BH (45%) when return the ball from middle location. KEY WORDS: biomechanics, temporal, lateral movement. INTRODUCTION: Tennis volley is an important offensive technique in men’s singles and both men’s and women’s doubles play. The volley is divided into four phases – backswing, forward acceleration, impact and follows through. The volley is usually performed under a time stress due to the reducing distance between the players. The anticipation, fast reactions,
MELD fails to measure quality of life in liver transplant candidates (2005)

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between Child Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class and impaired quality of life. However, the relationship between the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and quality of life (QOL) has not been well studied. In this study, quality of life questionnaires (Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 [SF-36] and the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire [CLDQ]) were administered to 150 adult patients awaiting liver transplantation. We also collected demographic data and laboratory results and recorded manifestations of hepatic decompensation. The study found that all domains of the SF-36 and CLDQ were significantly lower in our patient cohort than in normal controls (P < .001). There was a moderate negative correlation between CPT class and physical components of the SF-36 (r = -.30), while there was a weak negative correlation (r = -.10) between CPT class and the mental component. There was a negative moderate correlation between CPT class and overall CLDQ (r = -.39, P < .001) and a weak correlation (r = -.20) between MELD score and overall CLDQ score. Both encephalopathy (correlation coefficient = -.713, P = .004) and ascites (correlation coefficient = -.68, P = .006) were predictive of the QOL using CLDQ (adjusted R(2) = .1494 and f = 0.000). In conclusion, in liver transplant candidates, the severity of liver disease assessed by the MELD score was not predictive of QOL. The presence of ascites and/or encephalopathy was significantly associated with poor quality of life. CTP correlates better to QOL, probably because it contains ascites and encephalopathy.
A CMOS monolithic 3&amp;#189;-digit A/D converter (1976)

A 3 1/2-digit A/D converter, combining linear and digital circuits on a CMOS monolithic integrated chip, providing auto-polarity, auto-zero, auto-calibration, high input impedance and low power dissipation, will be described.
Fusion Proteins and Diseases (2006)

Abstract Fusion proteins occur as a result of chromosomal translocations in cancerous cells. The proteins targeted are either transcription factors or tyrosine kinases. The fusion proteins are associated with developmental malignancies and thyroid carcinomas.
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 spike exhibits the superior immunogenicity among multiple variants (2021)

Figure S1. Heat map of IgG binding antibodies induced by Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429 and Ad5-WT in mice. BALB/c mice (n = 10 per group) received a single intramuscular immunization with Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429, Ad5-WT or Ad5-null at day 0. Sera were collected at 4 weeks after immunization, and IgG binding antibodies against spike, RBD, NTD of B.1.1.7, P.1.351, P.1 variants and the wild-type strain were detected using ELISA method. The data in the Ad5-null control group were not shown because all of them were sero-negative. Figure S2. Heat map of pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies induced by Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429 and Ad5-WT in mice. BALB/c mice (n = 10 per group) received a single intramuscular immunization with Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429, Ad5-WT or Ad5-null at day 0. Sera were collected at 4 weeks after immunization. Neutralization assays were performed using HIV backbone-derived pseudovirus bearing spikes of the wild-type strain and B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429 and B.1.617 variants using microneutralization assay based on luciferase reporter gene. The data in the Ad5-null control group were not shown because all of them were sero-negative. The PNAb GMT was standardized and transfromed to ratio compared to the highest GMT value of the vaccine group in each pseudovirus NAb test. Table S1. IgG GMT against spike, RBD and NTD of variants and wild-type strain induced by Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429, Ad5-WT or Ad5-null. Table S2. NAb GMT against HIV-derived pseudovirus bearing spikes of variants and wild-type strain induced by Ad5-B.1.1.7, Ad5-B.1.351, Ad5-P.1, Ad5-B.1.429, Ad5-WT or Ad5-null.
A Review of Dynamic Tree Behaviors: Measurement Methods on Tree Sway, Tree Tilt, and Root–Plate Movement (2021)

Urban forest ecosystems are being developed to provide various environmental services (e.g., the preservation of urban trees) to urban inhabitants. However, some trees are deteriorated asymptomatically without exhibiting an early sign of tree displacement, which results in a higher vulnerability under dynamic wind loads, especially during typhoon seasons, in the subtropical and tropical regions. As such, it is important to understand the tilt and sway behaviors of trees to cope up with the probability of tree failure and to improve the efficacy of tree management. Tree behaviors under wind loads have been broadly reviewed in the past literature, yet thorough discussions on the measurement methods for tree displacement and its analysis of broadleaf specimens are lacking. To understand the behavioral pattern of both broadleaf and conifer species, this paper presents a detailed review of sway behavior analysis from the perspectives of the aerial parts of the individual tree, including tree stem, canopy, and trunk, alongside a highlighted focus on the root–plate movement amid the soil-root system. The analytical approaches associated with the time-space domain and the time-frequency domain are being introduced. In addition to the review of dynamic tree behaviors, an integrated tree monitoring framework based on geographic information systems (GIS) to detect and visualize the extent of tree displacement using smart sensing technology (SST) is introduced. The monitoring system aims to establish an early warning indicator system for monitoring the displacement angles of trees over the territory of Hong Kong’s urban landscape. This pilot study highlights the importance of the monitoring system at an operational scale to be applicable in the urban areas showcasing the practical use of the Internet of Things (IoT) with an in-depth understanding of the wind-load effect toward the urban trees in the tropical and subtropical cities.
PCR-Based Method To Differentiate the Subspecies of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Complex on the Basis of Genomic Deletions (2003)

The classical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) subspecies include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum (subtypes I and II), Mycobacterium bovis (along with the attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG]), and Mycobacterium microti; increasingly recognized MtbC groupings include Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae and "Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. canettii." Previous investigations have documented each MtbC subspecies as a source of animal and/or human tuberculosis. However, study of these organisms is hindered by the lack of a single protocol that quickly and easily differentiates all of the MtbC groupings. Towards this end we have developed a rapid, simple, and reliable PCR-based MtbC typing method that makes use of MtbC chromosomal region-of-difference deletion loci. Here, seven primer pairs (which amplify within the loci 16S rRNA, Rv0577, IS1561', Rv1510, Rv1970, Rv3877/8, and Rv3120) were run in separate but simultaneous reactions. Each primer pair either specifically amplified a DNA fragment of a unique size or failed, depending upon the source mycobacterial DNA. The pattern of amplification products from all of the reactions, visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed immediate identification either as MtbC composed of M. tuberculosis (or M. africanum subtype II), M. africanum subtype I, M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, M. caprae, M. microti, or "M. canettii" or as a Mycobacterium other than MtbC (MOTT). This MtbC PCR typing panel provides an advanced approach to determine the subspecies of MtbC isolates and to differentiate them from clinically important MOTT species. It has proven beneficial in the management of Mycobacterium collections and may be applied for practical clinical and epidemiological use.
Serological changes observed in horses infected with <i>Anoplocephala perfoliata</i> after treatment with praziquantel and natural reinfection (2008)

The serological changes in two groups of horses known to be harbouring Anoplocephala perfoliata were studied; 12 were treated with 1.5 mg/kg praziquantel and 200 microg/kg ivermectin, and 14 were treated with 200 microg/kg ivermectin. Serological and faecal analyses were carried out on each animal at intervals for 758 days. The titres of antibodies specific for A perfoliata decreased from the day of treatment to day 28 in both groups, and continued to decrease in the group treated with praziquantel and ivermectin, with the first significant decrease from the other group at day 121. From day 151 to day 295 the first significant increase in antibody levels in the group treated with both drugs was observed; no A perfoliata eggs were detected in the faeces of these animals until day 295 when five of the 10 were positive.
Ferritin Mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Are Iron Deficient and Growth Impaired, and <i>fur</i> Mutants are Iron Deficient (1999)

Escherichia coli contains at least two iron storage proteins, a ferritin (FtnA) and a bacterioferritin (Bfr). To investigate their specific functions, the corresponding genes (ftnA and bfr) were inactivated by replacing the chromosomal ftnA and bfr genes with disrupted derivatives containing antibiotic resistance cassettes in place of internal segments of the corresponding coding regions. Single mutants (ftnA::spc and bfr::kan) and a double mutant (ftnA::spc bfr::kan) were generated and confirmed by Western and Southern blot analyses. The iron contents of the parental strain (W3110) and the bfr mutant increased by 1.5- to 2-fold during the transition from logarithmic to stationary phase in iron-rich media, whereas the iron contents of the ftnA and ftnA bfr mutants remained unchanged. The ftnA and ftnA bfr mutants were growth impaired in iron-deficient media, but this was apparent only after the mutant and parental strains had been precultured in iron-rich media. Surprisingly, ferric iron uptake regulation (fur) mutants also had very low iron contents (2.5-fold less iron than Fur+ strains) despite constitutive expression of the iron acquisition systems. The iron deficiencies of the ftnA and fur mutants were confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, which further showed that the low iron contents of ftnA mutants are due to a lack of magnetically ordered ferric iron clusters likely to correspond to FtnA iron cores. In combination with the fur mutation, ftnA and bfr mutations produced an enhanced sensitivity to hydroperoxides, presumably due to an increase in production of "reactive ferrous iron." It is concluded that FtnA acts as an iron store accommodating up to 50% of the cellular iron during postexponential growth in iron-rich media and providing a source of iron that partially compensates for iron deficiency during iron-restricted growth. In addition to repressing the iron acquisition systems, Fur appears to regulate the demand for iron, probably by controlling the expression of iron-containing proteins. The role of Bfr remains unclear.
Exfoliation of self-assembled 2D organic-inorganic perovskite semiconductors (2014)

Ultra-thin flakes of 2D organic-inorganic perovskite (C6H9C2H4NH3)2PbI4 are produced using micromechanical exfoliation. Mono- and few-layer areas are identified using optical and atomic force microscopy, with an interlayer spacing of 1.6 nm. Refractive indices extracted from the optical spectra reveal a sample thickness dependence due to the charge transfer between organic and inorganic layers. These measurements demonstrate a clear difference in the exciton properties between “bulk” (&gt;15 layers) and very thin (&lt;8 layer) regions as a result of the structural rearrangement of organic molecules around the inorganic sheets.
Postmenopausal Bone Loss Is Prevented by Treatment with Low-Dosage Estrogen with Calcium (1987)

Bone mass was measured prospectively in 73 women during the period immediately after menopause. By comparing the rates of loss at three skeletal sites, we assessed the protective effects of calcium supplements given alone or combined with low-dosage estrogen therapy. After 2 years of follow-up, spinal trabecular mineral content, measured by quantitative computed tomography, decreased by a mean of 9.0% (p = 0.002 compared with baseline) in untreated women and a mean of 10.5% (p = 0.0001) in women given calcium supplements alone. By contrast, women given conjugated estrogens, 0.3 mg/d, with calcium supplements showed an insignificant increase of 2.3%. Significant losses of a lesser magnitude were seen in the appendicular cortical skeleton of women not receiving therapy and in those receiving calcium alone, but no significant changes were observed in women receiving estrogen with calcium.
Light-trapping lenses for solar cells (1992)

A new type of lens is described that, when used as a secondary concentrator together with a primary Fresnel lens to illuminate a silicon solar cell, would tend to return escaping light to the cell and therefore enhance the light trapping caused primarily by internal reflection within the silicon. In the ideal case of a perfect mirror at the back surface of the cell, it is calculated that, with a lens with a refractive index of 1.5, the cell could be reduced in thickness by a factor of 3 and still absorb as much light. The thinner cell would permit higher concentration and efficiency. Uniformity of illumination would also be improved by the lens. There are no metallic reflectors used; instead the lens traps light by total internal reflection. Its geometry and properties are presented in terms of the refractive index of the lens material.
REACTIONS OF <i>S</i>-METHYL THIOBENZOATE WITH METHYL TRIFLATE AND MAGIC METHYL. FORMATION OF BENZOIC TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC ANHYDRIDE AND BENZOYLDIMETHYLSULFONIUM ION (1977)

Abstract The reactions of S-methyl thiobenzoate with methyl triflate and methyl fluorosulfate yielded benzoic trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and benzoyldimethylsulfonium ion, respectively. Both of these reactive intermediates were found to function as powerful benzoylating agents for an arene, amine, alcohol, and phenol.
Injection Water + Oxygen = Corrosion and/or Well Plugging Solids (1972)

This paper was prepared for the Symposium on the Handling of Oilfield Waters of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Los Angeles, Calif., Dec. 4–5, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract Aeration of injection waters can create numerous problems. Corrosion of equipment, scale deposition and injection well plugging can reduce the profitability of a waterflood by affecting the ability to get the correct volumes of water into the proper zones at the proper time for efficient sweep and recovery. Operation of a "closed", air-free system will minimize many of these problems. problems. Practical approaches to the successful operation of such systems involve design and operation of water sources, oxygen removal from aerated sources, and maintenance of oxygen-free conditions throughout the system. Day-today operation, monitoring techniques and "oxygen conscious" personnel are important. Introduction If the statistics were available, we would probably find that aeration of the water is a bigger cause of problems in injection systems than any other single cause. The role of oxygen in the corrosion reaction in water systems has long been recognized; and corrosion resistant materials, coatings and linings were used in early systems. Oxygen (air) plays an equally important role in creating problems of deposits and injection well plugging. Aeration of a stable underground water results in the loss of stabilizing gases as well as oxidation of precipitable solids. This leads to the formation of scales, deposits and well plugging solids. Mixing an aerated supply water with a stable subsurface water can lead to similar problems. Installation of a "closed system" has been the approach to minimizing these effects. The selection of the mode of operation of a water injection system is, of course, an economic balance which must consider the overall profit of a project throughout its life. Some factors are obvious, i.e., costs of failures, failure repairs and well cleanouts. However, many of the less obvious factors may be even more significant in a waterflood, such as, loss of injection capacity, plugging of tight zones, downtime, etc.
Media Delivery to Remote Renderers Controlled by the Mobile Phone (2009)

In today's content delivery solutions, service delivery and control are still tightly coupled, a service typically being delivered to the same device that controls the session. We present a solution that was designed with the goal to decouple service control and delivery. Using our approach, multimedia streaming services can be delivered to off-the-shelf DLNA devices in visited networks. The service provider receives information about the remote media player and access environment via a mobile phone. Proximity technologies (e.g. barcodes, NFC) of the control device are used for the exchange of required credentials. This paper describes a typical scenario and our prototype implementation.
Definition of an Ets1 protein domain required for nuclear localization in cells and DNA-binding activity in vitro. (1989)

Ets1 and Ets2 are nuclear phosphoproteins which bind to DNA in vitro and share two domains of strong identity. Deletion analyses of each of these conserved regions in Ets1 demonstrated that integrity of the carboxy-terminal domain, also conserved in the more distantly related elk and erg gene products, is essential for both nuclear targeting and DNA-binding activity in vitro.
International versions of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). (2003)

The MRS scale is obviously a valuable tool for assessing health related quality of life of women in the menopausal transition and is used worldwide. The currently available 9 language versions have been translated following international standards for the linguistic and cultural translation of quality of life scales. Assistance is offered to help interested parties in the translation process.
Vertical handovers as adaptation methods in pervasive systems (2004)

Pervasive systems need to be context aware and need to adapt to context changes, including network disconnections and changes in network Quality of Service (QoS). Vertical handover (handover between heterogeneous networks) is one of possible adaptation methods. It allows users to roam freely between heterogeneous networks while maintaining continuity of their applications. This paper proposes a vertical handover approach suitable for multimedia applications in pervasive systems. It describes the adaptability decision making process which uses vertical handovers to support users mobility and provision of QoS suitable for users’ applications. The process evaluates context information regarding user devices, User location, network environment, and user perceived QoS of applications.
Selective and differential binding of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2 and IL‐6 to glycosaminoglycans (1992)

The binding of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-6 to acidic polysaccharides was investigated by affinity chromatography of the recombinant, radioiodinated interleukins on columns of immobilized polysaccharide. Each interleukin showed selective binding retention. Overall heparin bound all four interleukins significantly, whereas chondroitin sulfate provided little retention. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta showed differential binding, with only the latter binding to hyaluronic acid. IL-2 was virtually completely retained on fucoidan. Noniodinated recombinant IL-2 bound similarly to fucoidan, and fucoidan was found to sequester IL-2 activity in a bioassay employing IL-2-dependent CTLL cells. In all other cases tested, interleukin retention was partial, implying that interleukin binding sites are sparsely distributed along the polysaccharide chains. These findings suggest that during the immune response, interleukins will tend to be retained at sites of secretion by interaction with glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces.