gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate on murine tumors and normal tissues in vivo and in vitro and the relationship of sensitivity to rate of proliferation and level of aspartate transcarbamylase. (1978)

Abstract The growth of three murine solid tumors (Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, and glioma 26) implanted s.c. was inhibited markedly by treatment with N -(phosphonacetyl)-l-aspartate (PALA). On the other hand, PALA had no activity against four murine leukemias. Similar relative sensitivity of these tumors toward PALA was obtained in tissue culture by measuring inhibition of cell growth. Growth of the more sensitive cells in vitro was inhibited by half at a concentration of PALA 20 times lower than that required to inhibit growth of the less sensitive cells. The more sensitive cells have about half the aspartate transcarbamylase specific activity of the less sensitive cells. There was also a correlation between doubling time in vitro and aspartate transcarbamylase levels. With C13/SV28 hamster tumor cells in vitro , combinations of PALA with pyrazofurin or d-galactosamine, other inhibitors of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism, were not synergistic in inhibiting growth or in reducing uridine triphosphate levels. Similarly, treatment with PALA plus either of these agents was no better than treatment with PALA alone in mice bearing B16 melanoma implanted i.p. In contrast to cyclophosphamide PALA did not impair the ability of C57BL/6 mice to reject a tumor allograft (L1210 leukemia derived from DBA/2 mice), indicating that PALA does not inhibit substantially the cell-mediated immune response. Even at toxic dose levels, PALA spared the hematopoietic system and epithelium of the small intestine of mice, rapidly proliferating tissues that are sensitive to the toxic effects of most antineoplastic agents. Histological evaluation revealed that the toxic effects in mice treated daily with PALA were evident in the liver.
Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation of maize via pistil filaments (2006)

Integration of T-DNA into the maize genome as a result of treatment of silks with Agrobacterium cells, containing activated vir genes, was demonstrated. In planta treatment of maize (Zea mays L.) was performed during flowering in field. Cell suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens line GV3101(pTd33), carrying activated vir genes, was applied onto the previously isolated silks, which were afterwards pollinated with the pollen of the same cultivar. Integration of T-DNA into maize genome was confirmed by PCR (the nptII and gus reporter genes) and hystochemical staining of the seedling tissues, obtained from the transformed seeds. Amplification of the nptII gene showed the presence of about 60.3% of PCR-positive plants out of the total number of kanamycin-resistant seedlings examined, or 6.8% of the total of number of seedlings.
A distributed medium access protocol for wireless LANs (2002)

The Urn protocol has been proposed for distributed access to the radio medium. Access rights to the channel are determined at each station through estimation of the total network load. The Urn's performance was shown to be similar to that of Slotted Aloha at light load while defaulting to TDMA-like behavior under heavy load. We simulated the Urn protocol in a realistic radio environment, taking into account channel effects such as fading, capture, collisions, hidden nodes, and noise. We quantify the resulting disparity of traffic load estimation across users. We propose techniques for reducing this divergence. We also extend the throughput-delay results to include peer-to-peer and centralized server situations, through nonuniform traffic and priority considerations. We show the throughput of the Urn scheme to be high under all these effects. Introducing two classes of priority service reduces the average delay experienced by the high priority users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Material Systems for Cylinder Bore Applications - Plasma Spray Technology (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The development, evaluation, and selection of Plasma spray powder material for the coating of aluminum-alloy engine cylinder block bores was conducted to yield a bore system which provides numerous benefits relative to the present cast iron sleeve system. These include: a reduction in ring/bore wear, friction, and in engine oil consumption as well as a benefit in reduced corrosion. A reduction in engine weight, overall costs, and improvements in machining and honing operations are shown. Alternate thermal spray processes are also described in this investigation. Test evaluation leads to the selection of two plasma powder material spray systems. One system emphasizes low cost relative to the present system. The second system provides significant reduction in friction and ring/bore wear through the introduction of solid lubricant in the material composition.</div>
Mobile server: an efficient mobile computing platform based on mobile agent (2005)

A mobile agent computing platform based on J2ME technology and Jini system architecture, mobile server was presented. The platform was established on extended Jini system architecture, and was embedded software kernel to support computing style of mobile agent. In order to overcome the shortage of traditional database access technology in mobile computing environment, a centralized database and a distributed heterogeneous database access technology based on mobile agent was proposed. Aimed at the usable resource restraints in mobile computing environment, an environment perceiving middleware was designed to allocate and manage the resources. The application results show that the effect in saving computing time by using this platform is notable.
Design of aberration-corrected curved-mirror and curved-grating unstable resonator diode lasers (1994)

An algorithm is presented for the design of an unstable optical resonator that supports an arbitrary optical mode. The same algorithm may be applied to the design of curved-mirror and curved-grating resonators, including both distributed Bragg reflector and distributed feedback unstable resonators. The new design formalism produces much simpler formulas than an algorithm previously described by the author. Example resonators are calculated that include hyperbolic-grating resonators with aberration-free diverging-beam modes and a newly proposed device: a parabolic-grating confocal distributed feedback unstable resonator that possesses a collimated output beam.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Sol-Gel Spheres Smaller than 200 Microns without Fluidization (1971)

The preparation of sol-gel spheres by extraction of water into organic alcohols is simpler for nonfluidizing conditions as compared to fluidized-bed operation. However, the maximum sphere diameter that can be produced is typically 200 microns (μ) or less. The column heights required were calculated from mass transfer and settling correlations. Sol drops with mean diameters of 20 to 300 μ were formed by using two-fluid nozzles with turbulent flow of alcohol drive fluid in the nozzle. Water is removed from the alcohols by distillation, and surfactants may be added to control operating problems.
MET 요법과 마사지 복합 적용이 오십견 환자의 관절 가동범위와 주관적 통증변화에 미치는 효과 (2010)

본 연구의 피험자는 마산시 ㅅ정형외과 원장의 소견 하에 오십견 진단을 받은 환자를 무작위로 MET+견관절 마사지 그룹 9명, MET 그룹 7명으로 구분하여 4주간 시술하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 견관절 굴곡, 신전, 내전, 외전, 내회전, 외회전의 가동범위에 대한 분석 결과 그룹내 비교에서는 MET+견관절 마사지 그룹이 시술 전보다 시술후에 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 2) 주관적 통증 감소의 효과에 대한 측정결과는 두 그룹 모두 시술 전 보다 시술 후에 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 MET 및 마사지를 병행하여 시술한 그룹이 MET만을 시술한 그룹보다 관절 가동범위 증가에 더욱 효과적이며, 주관적 통증 감소 역시 효과적인 결과를 나타냄으로서 향후 오십견 환자에게 적용할 수 있는 방법이라 사료된다.
Reading and writing with computers: a framework for explaining differences in performance (1988)

Several factors can influence the behavior of users as they read and write with computers. Recent research indicates that both quality and quantity depend upon page size, legibility, responsiveness and tangibility.
Protease‐activated receptor 2 and gut permeability: a review (2008)

Abstract Digestive tract proteases are best known for their proteolytic activity in the digestion of alimentary proteins. However, during the last decade, a possible role of proteases as signalling molecules has been emphasized with the discovery of a novel class of G‐protein coupled receptors located on cell membranes that may be activated by proteolytic cleavage of their N‐terminal extracellular domain. Type 2 protease‐activated receptors (PAR‐2) are cleaved by serine‐proteases such as trypsin and tryptase. PAR‐2 is present in many intestinal cell types and particularly on epithelial cells. Multiple functions have been demonstrated in the gut for PAR‐2, including epithelial permeability, mainly the intercellular permeability that is of paramount importance in the equilibrium between the external milieu (digestive contents) and the submucosal immune system. Alterations of both tissue and luminal levels of proteases or serine‐protease activity may affect gut permeability and subsequently the immune status of the mucosa. Activation of PAR‐2 on epithelial cells may directly affect cytoskeleton contraction by triggering phosphorylation of myosin light chain with subsequent changes in tight junction permeability. Enhanced fecal protease level has been recently reported in both organic (ulcerative colitis) and functional (irritable bowel syndrome) intestinal disorders and may play a role in the pathogenesis of such diseases.
Culture and selection of viable blastocysts: a feasible proposition for human IVF? (1997)

In human in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos are routinely transferred to the uterus on day 2 or day 3 of development. Resultant implantation and pregnancy rates are disappointingly low, with only approximately 10% of embryos transferred leading to a live birth. The ability to culture embryos to the blastocyst stage should help to resolve this problem by synchronizing the embryo with the female reproductive tract, and by identifying those embryos with little developmental potential. Co-culture has offered a possible means of producing blastocysts capable of high implantation rates. However, recent developments in the field of embryo physiology and metabolism have led to the formulation of new sequential serum-free culture media capable of supporting the development of viable blastocysts in several mammalian species, including the human. It is therefore proposed that blastocyst transfer should be considered for routine use in human IVF. The high viability of blastocysts cultured in the appropriate sequential media means that fewer embryos are required for transfer to achieve a pregnancy, culminating in fewer multiple births. Furthermore, the development of suitable non-invasive tests of embryo viability should further increase the overall success of human IVF by the ability to select before transfer those blastocysts most able to establish a pregnancy.
Multiple Shoot Induction from Immature Inflorescence in Sorghum (2003)

Three improved varieties of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench SPV 475, CSV 13 and CSV 15 were studied for the regeneration and multiple shoot induction. Explants of young immature inflorescence were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.8% agar and 1.5 mg/l 2,4-D for callus initiation. Within 9 to 11 d callus initiation was observed. During third week 2 types of calli were identified, one was white compact, nodular embryogenic callus, while the other was unorganized, non morphogenic and non embryogenic callus. After transferring the callus onto regeneration medium (MS+BAP), somatic embryos were formed, shoot initiation was observed from somatic embryos and was maximum at 1 mg/l BAP (7–17 shoots per culture). For multiple shoot induction different combinations of plant growth regulators (MS+BAP+2,4-D, MS+GA+NAA, MS+BAP+IAA, MS+BAP+GA) along with asparagine and proline (50 mg/l), were used. Among these combinations MS+1 mg/l BAP+1 mg/l IAA gave maximum shoot induction. In this combination about 11–69 shoots were obtained per culture. And subsequent root formation was obtained with half strength MS+1.0 mg/l NAA.
FIB-SEM cathodoluminescence tomography: practical and theoretical considerations (2011)

Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography is a powerful application in obtaining three-dimensional (3D) information. The FIB creates a cross section and subsequently removes thin slices. The SEM takes images using secondary or backscattered electrons, or maps every slice using X-rays and/or electron backscatter diffraction patterns. The objective of this study is to assess the possibilities of combining FIB-SEM tomography with cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging. The intensity of CL emission is related to variations in defect or impurity concentrations. A potential problem with FIB-SEM CL tomography is that ion milling may change the defect state of the material and the CL emission. In addition the conventional tilted sample geometry used in FIB-SEM tomography is not compatible with conventional CL detectors. Here we examine the influence of the FIB on CL emission in natural diamond and the feasibility of FIB-SEM CL tomography. A systematic investigation establishes that the ion beam influences CL emission of diamond, with a dependency on both the ion beam and electron beam acceleration voltage. CL emission in natural diamond is enhanced particularly at low ion beam and electron beam voltages. This enhancement of the CL emission can be partly explained by an increase in surface defects induced by ion milling. CL emission enhancement could be used to improve the CL image quality. To conduct FIB-SEM CL tomography, a recently developed novel specimen geometry is adopted to enable sequential ion milling and CL imaging on an untilted sample. We show that CL imaging can be manually combined with FIB-SEM tomography with a modified protocol for 3D microstructure reconstruction. In principle, automated FIB-SEM CL tomography should be feasible, provided that dedicated CL detectors are developed that allow subsequent milling and CL imaging without manual intervention, as the current CL detector needs to be manually retracted before a slice can be milled. Due to the required high electron beam acceleration voltage for CL emission, the resolution for FIB-SEM CL tomography is currently limited to several hundreds of nm in XY and up to 650 nm in Z for diamonds. Opaque materials are likely to have an improved Z resolution, as CL emission generated deeper in the material is not able to escape from it.
Grundlagen und Anwendungen einer neuen Diffusionsmethode in flüssiger Phase Teil II : Die Bestimmung von Diffusionskoeffizienten nach der Pulsationsmethode (1969)

Auf der Grundlage einer im I. Teil erläuterten Pulsationsdiffusionsmethode wird eine Anordnung zur Bestimmung von Diffusionskoeffizienten beschrieben. Durch die günstige Geometrie dieser Diffusionsmethode lassen sich sehr kurze Meßzeiten erreichen, die für die untersuchten Elektrolytlösungen (NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 ) wenige Minuten nicht überschritten. Genauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit waren im wesentlichen nur durch die Analyse begrenzt, da die Diffusionsanordnung weitgehend unempfindlich gegen mechanische und thermische Störungen ist.
EPR studies on the photofragmentation of 2,2-dialkyl-2-alkylaminoacetophenones (1992)

Free radical reactions induced by photolysis of 2,2-dialkyl-2-alkylaminoacetophenone photocuring agents have been studied by continuous wave (CW) and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. In all solvents α-cleavage from the triplet state is the major process. In hydrogen donor solvents it is accompanied by photoreduction followed by a rapid amine elimination from the ketyl radical inter-mediate. The benzoyl and α-aminoalkyl radicals resulting from α-cleavage readily add to acrylonitrile whereas radicals formed by photoreduction do not.
A replica technique for the evaluation of human skin by scanning electron microscopy (1983)

A detailed reproducible procedure has been developed for the replication of human skin for scanning electron-microscopic evaluation. Utilizing a test surface, a number of negative and positive materials were evaluated for consistence and clarity of replication. Optimal replication parameters were determined and the method was successfully applied to the evaluation of human skin in vivo. Furthermore, a method was established which permitted repetitive examination of selected skin sites. Experimental results suggest that this replicating procedure can be used to monitor changes in the stratum corneum over time, and extend the range of stratum corneum magnifications.
Effects of hydrophobic surface on stability and transition (2005)

The effects of a hydrophobic surface on stability and transition in wall-bounded shear flows are investigated. The hydrophobic surface is represented by a slip-boundary condition on the surface. The linear stability analysis with slip-boundary conditions shows that the critical Reynolds number increases with streamwise slip. The effects of slip-boundary conditions on the transient growth of initial disturbances are investigated through the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. The maximum transient growth (i.e., the amplification factor for the optimal disturbance) is reduced with streamwise slip, indicating that non-normality of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations is reduced with streamwise slip. Finally, it is shown that the transition to turbulence is delayed significantly with streamwise slip, whereas spanwise slip induces an earlier transition. The present results suggest that it is desirable to develop a hydrophobic surface with specified directional sensitivity in order to meet a particular need for specific applications.
Polymeric phosphonium salts as a novel class of cationic biocides. IX. Effect of side‐chain length between main chain and active group on antibacterial activity (1994)

Abstract Polymeric phosphonium salts with different side‐chain length between the main chain and the active group, poly[4‐2‐tributyl‐phosphonioethyl)styrene chloride‐co‐4‐(2‐chloroethyl)styrene] and poly[4‐(3‐tributylphosphoniopropyl)styrene chloride‐co‐4‐(3‐chloropropyl)styrene], were prepared and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were examined by the viable cell counting method in sterile distilled water. The antibacterial activity was found to decrease as the side‐chain length increased. The most significant finding is a peculiar concentration dependence of the antibacterial activity, which demonstrated the presence of an optimal concentration. The observed specific effects of the side chain length and the concentration on the antibacterial activity seem to be ascribed to the state of aggregation of the polycationic biocides in aqueous solution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of targeted therapies in treatment of glioblastoma. (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a type of tumor that is highly lethal despite maximal therapy. Standard therapeutic approaches provide modest improvement in progression-free and overall survival, necessitating the investigation of novel therapies. Oncologic therapy has recently experienced a rapid evolution toward "targeted therapy", with drugs directed against specific targets which play essential roles in the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness of GBM cells, including numerous molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Inhibitors of these molecules have already entered or are undergoing clinical trials. However, significant challenges in their development remain because several preclinical and clinical studies present conflicting results. In this article, we will provide an up-to-date review of the current targeted therapies in GBM.
Induction of Dermal Collagenesis, Angiogenesis, and Adipogenesis in Human Skin by Injection of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix (2011)

Injection of PRFM into the deep dermis and subdermis of the skin stimulates a number of cellular changes that can be harnessed for use. Coupled with prior in vitro and in vivo studies, we now have a much clearer picture of the cellular effects of PRFM and its potential uses in facial plastic surgery. Further work is planned to more clearly elucidate the potential role of PRFM in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.
Water Soluble Cellulose Acetate: A Versatile Polymer for Film Coating (2007)

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of water soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA) as a film coating material for tablets. Aspirin (ASA) tablets were prepared by direct compression and coated with either WSCA or HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) dispersions. Coatings of 1-3%, depending on the intended application, were applied to the model drug (ASA) tablets employing a side-vented coating pan. Free films of WSCA, prepared by cast method, are crystal clear and, depending on the viscosity grade, are flexible, strong and durable. WSCA has the capability of forming free films without plasticizers and the films dry at room temperature. Glass transition temperature, Tg, was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The Tg of WSCA is significantly higher relative to HPMC. Inclusion of plasticizer lowers the Tg of WSCA and effective plasticizers were PEG 400 and glycerin. Low viscosity WSCA was more soluble in water (25-30%) relative to medium viscosity WSCA (10-15%). WSCA solutions exhibited no increase in viscosity with an increase in temperature. Samples of coated (WSCA and HPMC) tablets and uncoated ASA cores were packaged for stability studies at room and elevated temperature storage. Physical stability of ASA tablets coated with 2:1 LV: MV (low viscosity: medium viscosity) WSCA formulations was better when compared to tablets coated with HPMC. Dissolution stability of WSCA coated ASA was similar to the physical stability results. After three months at elevated temperature (35 and 45 degrees C), the WSCA coated tablets complied with USP dissolution requirements for ASA, while the HPMC coated tablets did not. There was no difference in moisture (weight) gain of ASA tablets coated with either WSCA or HPMC. The WSCA coated tablets were not sticky or tacky, while the HPMC coated tablets were tacky and stuck together.
X-ray generation in cryogenic targets irradiated by 1 μm pulse laser (1998)

Soft x-ray spectral radiations from Xe, H2O, and CO2 cryogenic targets irradiated by a 1 μm neodymium doped YAG-slab laser at pulse widths of 12–20 ns and at laser intensities of 5×1010–1012 W/cm2 have been observed. These targets radiate soft x-rays in a wavelength range of 10–13 nm which is useful for projection microlithography. We have found a strong x-ray spectral peak at λ=10.8 nm with a Xe cryogenic target. The measured x-ray conversion efficiency with the Xe target was 0.8%/sr(λ=10.8±0.27 nm) at a laser intensity of 1×1012 W/cm2. This was ten times or more efficient than that with H2O and CO2 targets.