gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switched-mode PFC rectifier with high-frequency transformer link for high-power density single phase UPS (2002)

The general purpose of single-phase UPS topologies are indispensable for the considerable reduction of harmonic current components in AC mains as well as realization of unity power factor correction (PFC). In particular, the single phase PFC rectifier with a high-frequency isolation transformer link has some advantages as an electrically-isolated AC/DC conversion circuit for small scale UPS. This UPS is capable of eliminating harmonic currents, leak current components and realizing an isolation between AC input and DC output power stage as well as matching the DC voltage of the PWM inverter by means of incorporating a compact high frequency transformer into high-frequency intermediate state. Three types of isolated PFC rectifiers designed for 2 kVA, 3 kVA and 5 kVA-UPSs are put into practical use respectively, as new topology. This paper presents a high-frequency link PFC rectifier, its related operating principle and control strategy, together with the steady-state and dynamic state performances of these types of UPSs developed from a practical point of view.
A new LP based incremental timing driven placement for high performance designs (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new linear programming based timing driven placement framework for high performance designs. Our LP framework is mainly net-based, but it takes advantage of the path-based delay sensitivity with limited-stage slew propagation, thus it enjoys certain hybrid feature of net and path-based timing driven placement. Our LP formulation considers not only cells on the critical paths, but also cells that are logically adjacent to the critical paths (i.e., the criticality ad jacency network) in a unified manner. We further present a timing aware spreading method to preserve timing in legalization for high performance designs. Our algorithm has been tested on a set of 65nm industry circuits from a multi-GHz microprocessor, and shown to achieve much improved timing on hand-tuned circuits.
A Dual-V_DD Low Power FPGA Architecture (2004)

The continuing increase in FPGA size and complexity and the emergence of sub-100nm technology have made FPGA power consumption, both dynamic and static, an important design consideration. In this work, we propose a programmable dual-VDD architecture in which the supply voltage of the logic blocks and routing blocks are programmed to reduce power consumption by assigning low-VDD to non-critical paths in the design, while assigning high-VDD to the timing critical paths in the design to meet timing constraints. We evaluate the e#ectiveness of different VDD assignment algorithms and architectural implementations. Our
Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (2005)

Peripheral neurotoxicity is a dose-limiting and disabling side effect of several important chemotherapeutic agents. In particular, vincristine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and docetaxel are frequently used antineoplastic agents, which are known causes of a peripheral neuropathy. The recently
Serotonin and Obesity (2003)

Human obesity represents a major threat to global well-being, and a better understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this article, we will review the existing literature dealing with the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of obesity. Using a number of models, we demonstrate that abnormal hypothalamic serotonergic neurotransmission and / or deranged receptor expression / sensitivity exists, and that these are closely associated with changes in the concentrations of dopamine, another hypothalamic monoamine closely involved in the regulation of food intake. However, it is still difficult to ascertain whether these abnormalities are acquired in response to chronic overingestion resulting in obesity, which then drives further increases in food intake to preserve the status quo, or whether these are due to primary factors. The pivotal role of central serotonin in obesity is also strengthened by the evidence that the drugs licensed to interfere with food intake in obese patients involve the serotonergic system. But since their use, including sibutramine, may lead to potentially severe side effects, alternative strategy to increase hypothalamic serotonergic activity is also proposed.
Editing out video editing (2003)

This article outlines a paradigm shift in media production: the advent of computational media production that will automate the capture, editing, and reuse of video content. By integrating metadata creation and (re)use throughout the media production process, we enable the mass customization of video.
Priming with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin before Retrieval of Immature Oocytes in Women with Infertility Due to the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1999)

Women who have infertility due to anovulation in association with the polycystic ovary syndrome are particularly difficult to treat. A substantial proportion have no response to the induction of ovulation, and those who do have a response are at increased risk for the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by massive ovarian enlargement, ascites, pleural effusion, oliguria, hydrothorax, hemoconcentration, electrolyte disturbances, and in the most severe cases, thromboembolic phenomena related to coagulation disturbances. A woman with the polycystic ovary syndrome who became pregnant after in vitro maturation of oocytes and in vitro fertilization was described in 1994.1 Subsequently, very few pregnancies have been reported in such women, largely because the maturation and fertilization rates of these immature oocytes have been low.2 We report the results of 25 cycles of in vitro fertilization in 20 women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. There was in vitro maturation of immature oocytes retrieved from all 20 women after priming with human chorionic gonadotropin.
Microprocesses of metal dusting on iron (1995)

In strongly carburizing atmospheres iron and steels are subject to ‘metal dusting’, a catastrophic carburization, leading to disintegration into a dust of carbon and metal particles. TEM investigations of iron foils in different states of this corrosion process have clearly shown now that unstable cementite is an intermediate in the reaction. The carbide is formed at the iron surface after supersaturation (aC > 1), its disintegration is started by graphite deposition on its surface (aC = 1). The carbon atoms from Fe3C disintegration are attached to the graphite planes which are vertically oriented to the cementite surface, the iron atoms diffuse through the graphite and agglomerate to small particles (∼ 20 nm) which act as catalysts for further carbon deposition from the atmosphere, till they are densely covered with graphite. The TEM investigations are in good agreement with preceding studies concerning kinetics and mechanisms of metal dusting. In stark aufkohlenden Atmosphären tritt eine katastrophale Aufkohlung von Eisen und Stählen auf, die zu Metal Dusting führt, einem Zerfall in einen Staub aus Kohlenstoff und Metallpartikeln. TEM-Untersuchungen von Eisenfolien in verschiedenen Stadien dieses Korrosionsprozesses haben jetzt klar gezeigt, daß der instabile Zementit Fe3C als Zwischenprodukt der Reaktion auftritt. Dieses Carbid wird nach Übersättigung des Eisens an dessen Oberfläche gebildet (bei aC > 1), sein Zerfall wird durch Ablagerung einer Graphitschicht an der Fe3C Oberfläche (aC = 1) eingeleitet. Die Kohlenstoffatome aus dem Fe3C-Zerfall lagern sich der Graphitschicht an, deren Basisflächen senkrecht zur Zementitoberfläche orientiert sind; die Eisenatome diffundieren durch die Graphitschicht und agglomerieren unter Bildung von kleinen Metallpartikeln. Diese wirken als Katalysatoren für weitere Kohlenstoffabscheidung, bis sie dicht mit Graphit bedeckt sind. Diese TEM-Beobachtungen lassen sich gut mit den Ergebnissen der vorangegangenen Untersuchungen zu Kinetik und Mechanismus des Metal Dusting vereinbaren.
Teacher Retention in Refugee and Emergency Settings: The State of the Literature (2015)

Teacher quality is recognized as a primary driver of variation in student learning outcomes, particularly in refugee and emergency settings, but few studies have examined the factors that motivate or demotivate teachers in these contexts. In this article we use secondary source materials from academic experts and gray literature from United Nations agencies and nongovernmental organizations to identify seven key areas that affect teacher retention in such contexts: teacher recruitment, selection, and deployment; the teaching environment; certification; professional development; incentives; management structures; and status and social recognition. Further, we identify critical gaps in the literature surrounding refugee teachers and their retention and suggest specific areas for further research.
Perioperative administration of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine at the site of nerve injury reduces the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and modulates local cytokine expression (2003)

The development of chronic pain after surgery is not rare. Nerve injury from complete or partial nerve section during surgery leads to macrophage recruitment and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading in turn to sensitization. Macrophages also express alpha2-adrenoceptors, and we previously demonstrated a prolonged reduction in hypersensitivity following peri-neural injection of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, in rats with chronic nerve injury. The current study tested whether peri-neural clonidine at the time of injury could also prevent development of hypersensitivity. Rats underwent partial ligation of one sciatic nerve, and peri-neural saline, clonidine or a combination of clonidine and the alpha2A-adrenceptor-preferring antagonist, BRL44408, were administered before wound closure and, in some animals, also 24 and 48 h later. The single clonidine injection reduced hypersensitivity for only 5 h, whereas repeated injection for three days reduced hypersensitivity for 28 days. Peri-neural clonidine reduced the increase in tissue content of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and particularly TNFalpha in sciatic nerve, DRG and spinal cord while increasing concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta1. Clonidine's effects on behavior and TNFalpha content were blocked by BRL44408. We conclude that peri-neural administration of clonidine at the site and time of injury reduces the degree of hypersensitivity in part by altering the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines through activation of alpha2A-adrenoceptors. These results support testing of whether clonidine, as an adjuvant in continuous peripheral nerve blocks in settings of known major nerve injury, such as limb amputation, might prevent the development of chronic pain.
Symmetry and topology code of the cluster self-assembly of framework MT structures of alumophosphates AlPO4(H2O)2 (metavariscite and variscite) and Al2(PO4)2(H2O)3 (APC) (2017)

The supramolecular chemistry of alumophosphates, which form framework 3D MT structures from polyhedral AlО4(Н2О)2 clusters with octahedral O coordination (of M polyhedra) and PO4 and AlO4 with tetrahedral O coordination (of T polyhedra), is considered. A combinatorial–topological modeling of the formation of possible types of linear (six types) and ring (two types) tetrapolyhedral cluster precursors М2Т2 from MT monomers is carried out. Different versions of chain formation from linked (MT)2 rings (six types) are considered. The model, which has a universal character, has been used to simulate the cluster selfassembly of the crystal structure of AlPO4(H2O)2 minerals (metavariscite, m-VAR, and variscite, VAR) and zeolite [Al2(PO4)2(H2O)2] · H2O (APC). A tetrapolyhedral linear precursor is established for m-VAR and a ring precursor (MT)2 is established for VAR and APC. The symmetry and topology code of the processes of crystal structure self-assembly from cluster precursors is completely reconstructed. The functional role of the O–H···O hydrogen bonds is considered for the first time. The cluster self-assembly model explains the specific features of the morphogenesis of single crystals: m-VAR prisms, flattened VAR octahedra, and needleshaped APC square-base prisms.
Photoelectric effects in ferroelectrics with high-mobile nonequilibrium electrons (1982)

A model for description of photoelectric effects in real dielectrics is suggested. Thermalized photoelectrons with the energies of εT have little mobility of a jump type. A zone theory is true for nonequilibrium electrons with εT. The model explains the experimental data according to the photogalvanic effect (PGE) in ferroelectrics: the magnitude of photocurrents and photoinduced fields, strong influence of magnetic field on the PGE. New effects during holographic recording in photorefractive crystals are predicted, associated with diffusion of nonequilibrium photoelectrons.
All-trans retinoic acid-loaded lipid nanoparticles as a transdermal drug delivery carrier (2013)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drug amounts (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% w/w), amounts of the oil (10%, 15% and 20% w/w of lipid matrix) and types of the oil (soybean oil (S), medium chain triglycerides (M), oleic acids (O) and linoleic acids (L)) in lipid matrix of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for transdermal drug delivery. The ATRA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were formulated with 30% w/w cetyl palmitate. All lipid nanoparticles had average sizes between 130 and 241 nm and had negative zeta potentials. The drug loading of all formulations was higher than 95%. The release of drug from all lipid nanoparticles followed zero-order kinetics. The amount of drug released from all the NLCs and SLNs was significantly greater than the drug released from the ATRA suspension. The ATRA flux of the SLNs was higher than the NLCs. The flux of the NLCs containing oleic acid was significantly higher than the other types of oils. The chemical stability at 4 °C, the percentage of ATRA remaining in all the lipid nanoparticles tested was higher than 80%. It can be concluded that both the SLNs and NLCs are promising dermal drug delivery systems for ATRA.
All your browser-saved passwords could belong to us (2013)

Web users are confronted with the daunting challenges of creating, remembering, and using more and more strong passwords than ever before in order to protect their valuable assets on different websites. Password manager is one of the most popular approaches designed to address these challenges by saving users' passwords and later automatically filling the login forms on behalf of users. Fortunately, all the five most popular Web browsers have provided password managers as a useful built-in feature. Unfortunately, the designs of all those Browser-based Password Managers (BPMs) have severe security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we uncover the vulnerabilities of existing BPMs and analyze how they can be exploited by attackers to crack users' saved passwords. Moreover, we propose a novel Cloud-based Storage-Free BPM (CSF-BPM) design to achieve a high level of security with the desired confidentiality, integrity, and availability properties. We have implemented a CSF-BPM system into Firefox and evaluated its correctness and performance. We believe CSF-BPM is a rational design that can also be integrated into other popular Web browsers.
An open system to interface IEEE-488 measurement devices designed in a microelectronics environment (2002)

The high production level in microelectronics, leads to the need of using automated data acquisition and data analysis methods. Since often highly specialized measurement devices are used, a method is presented in this report, to build a high-level interface between the user and the measurement devices. This report proposes to use the capabilities of modern computer systems to enable parallel and remote access to measuring devices via a networked host without having to use a dedicated unit to perform this task. An approach is described on the basis of typical PC-compatible computer running the Linux OS and "Open Implementation" software.
Human Resistance to<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Increases during Puberty and Is Predicted by Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels (2001)

Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum develops slowly in areas of endemicity, and this is often ascribed to poorly immunogenic or highly variant parasite antigens. However, among populations newly exposed to malaria, adults acquire immunity more rapidly than children. We examined the relationship between pubertal development and resistance to P. falciparum. During two transmission seasons in western Kenya, we treated the same cohort of young males to eradicate P. falciparum and then obtained blood smears each week for 4 months. We determined pubertal development by Tanner staging and by levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in plasma. In multivariate and age-stratified analyses, we examined the effect of pubertal development on resistance to malaria. In both seasons (n = 248 and 144 volunteers, respectively), older males were less susceptible than younger males. Age-related decreases in the frequency and density of parasitemia were greatest during puberty (15- to 20-year-olds). DHEAS and testosterone were significant independent predictors of resistance to P. falciparum parasitemia, even after accounting for the effect of age. Fifteen- to 20-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 72% lower mean parasite density (P<0.01) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. Similarly, 21- to 35-year-old males with high DHEAS levels had a 92% lower mean parasite density (P<0.001) and 48% lower frequency of parasitemia (P<0.05) than individuals with low DHEAS levels. These data suggest that the long period needed to attain full immunity could be explained as a consequence of host development rather than as the requirement to recognize variant or poorly immunogenic parasite antigens.
Multiple Binding Modes of Inhibitors to Carbonic Anhydrases: How to Design Specific Drugs Targeting 15 Different Isoforms? (2012)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes,\npresent throughout most living organisms and\nencoded by five evolutionarily unrelated gene families: the α-,\nβ-, γ-, δ-, and ζ-CAs The α- β- and δ-CAs contain a Zn(II)\nion at the active site, the γ-CAs are probably Fe(II) enzymes\n(but they are active also with Zn(II) or Co(II) ions), while the\nmetal ion is usually replaced by cadmium in the ζ-CAs. Herein we report a state of the art structural crystallographyc investigation.
Selective Isotropic Dry Etching of Si3 N 4 over SiO2 (1982)

The addition of a few percent of bromine or a component containing bromine like to a plasma in a mixture of and in a barrel reactor reduces the dry etch rates of Si, , , and the resist. The etch rate of is reduced much more rapidly with an increasing percentage of than that of . The selectivity of dry etching of over can be enhanced from about 2 for a pure plasma to values far above 10 when a few percent of are added. At a selectivity of 10 the dry etch rate of is reduced by only 30%. For optimally chosen conditions the etch uniformity is better than ±5% over a batch of 25 3 in. wafers.
Automatic generation of systemc models from component-based designs for early design validation and performance analysis (2008)

In this paper we present an approach of generating SystemC executable models from software designs captured in a new component-based modeling language, COLA, which follows the paradigm of synchronous dataflow. COLA has rigorous semantics and specification mechanisms. Due to its well-founded semantics, it is possible to establish an integrated development process, the artifacts of which can be formally reasoned about and are dealt with in automated tools such as model checkers and code generators. However, the resulting models remain abstract and cannot be executed immediately. Therefor SystemC offers executable models of a component-based flavor. Establishing an automated translation procedure from COLA to SystemC thus allows for design validation and performance analysis during early design phases. We have validated our approach on a case study taken from the automotive domain.
High speed broadband communication system for moving trains using Free Space Optics (2016)

The demand for the high speed broadband communication system is increasing on the moving trains, an alternative to the existing RF technology is the Free Space Optics (FSO) which is capable of providing data rates in Gbps. In recent past, the FSO system for moving trains has been proposed for 850nm wavelength. Considering the eye safety standards, the FSO system is investigated in this paper for 1550nm wavelength in which a single Base Station (BS) transmitter with a 25mW power can provide a data rate of 5Gbps for a coverage length of 180m. An improved performance with a BER of 10-71 when the train is nearest to the BS and 10-10 when the train is at the far end track at an extended range of 180m has been achieved.
Database schema evolution using EVER diagrams (1994)

We present an approach to schema evolution through changes to the ER diagram representing the schema of a database. In order to facilitate changes to the ER schema we enhance the graphical constructs used in ER diagrams, and develop EVER, an EVolutionary ER diagram for specifying the derivation relationships between schema versions, relationships among attributes, and the conditions for maintaining consistent views of programs. In this paper, we demonstrate the mapping of the EVER diagram into an underlying database and the construction of database views for schema versions. Through the reconstruction of views after database reorganization, changes to an ER diagram can be made transparent to the application programs while all objects in the database remain accessible to the application programs. The EVER system can serve as a front-end for object-oriented databases.
Discovery and Clinical Application of a Novel Prostate Cancer Marker (2004)

The recent discovery of the overexpression of P504S/α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) in prostate cancer is a successful example of translating an advanced molecular finding into clinical practice. AMACR (P504S) has been proven to be one of the few biomarkers that can help distinguish cancer from benign cells, with high sensitivity and specificity for prostate carcinoma. It is the first gene identified by the analysis of complementary DNA microarray profiles from prostate tissue to be used as a tissue tumor marker in clinical practice and to improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This review focuses on the study of AMACR (P504S) expression in prostate cancer, premalignant lesions, benign prostate tissues, and other normal and malignant tissues and a discussion of its clinical usefulness. We emphasize the interpretation of the AMACR immunohistochemical results in routine surgical pathology practice and also discuss the potential future applications of this marker and the possible role of AMACR in the pathogenesis of cancer development.