gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proliferative and degenerative events in the early development of chick dorsal root ganglia. I. Normal development (1978)

Development of the chick dorsal root ganglia was examined in 4.5- to 9.5-day embryos. Tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) and autoradiography was used to analyze proliferative activity and the Feulgen procedure to analyze degenerative activity in ganglia 12-17. Proliferative activity was found to be elevated through 4.5 days of incubation when as many as 14% of the ganglionic cells become labelled following a one-hour exposure to 3H-TdR. By 6.5 to 7.5 days proliferative activity decreases to 2-4% in the lateroventral (LV) regions and to approximately 1% in the mediodorsal (MD) regions of the ganglia. However, there appears to be increased proliferative activity by the end of the experimental period at 9.5 days. Birthdate studies demonstrate that large-scale neuronal production occurs between 4.5 and 6.5 days in the LV regions and between 4.5 and 7.5 days in the MD regions. After those times ganglionic proliferative activity must be largely nonneuronal in nature. This nonneuronal proliferation is greater in LV than in MD regions and in brachial than in nonbrachial ganglia. Degenerative activiy was found to be absent from the ganglia until after 4.5 days of incubation. It then increases rapidly, and by 5.5 days 5% of the LV cells in nonbrachial ganglia are degenerating. Degenerative activity then declines but is still present at 9.5 days. In contrast to results of an earlier study (Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini, '49), degenerative activity was also found in the LV region of brachial ganglia and the MD regions of brachial and nonbrachial ganglia. The pattern of LV degenerative activity in brachial ganglia is similar to that in nonbrachial ganglia, but the level of activity is lower. In the MD regions degenerative activity increases throughout the experimental period, and by 9.5 days as many as 4% of the MD cells are degenerating.
Second Generation Proteasome Inhibitors: Carfilzomib and Immunoproteasome-Specific Inhibitors (IPSIs) (2011)

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is an attractive chemotherapeutic target due to its intrinsically stringent regulation of cell cycle, pro-survival, and anti-apoptotic regulators that disproportionately favor survival and proliferation in malignant cells. A reversible first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is Food and Drug Administration approved for multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma and has proven to be extremely effective, both as a single agent and in combination. An irreversible second generation proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, has shown preclinical effectiveness against hematological and solid malignancies both in vitro and in vivo. Carfilzomib, a peptidyl-epoxyketone functions similarly to bortezomib through primary inhibition of chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L) activity at the b5 subunits of the core 20S proteasome. Carfilzomib is also currently achieving successful response rates within the clinical setting. In addition to conventional proteasome inhibitors, a novel approach may be to specifically target the hematological-specific immunoproteasome, thereby increasing overall effectiveness and reducing negative off-target effects. The immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor, IPSI-001, was shown to have inhibitory preference over the constitutive proteasome, and display enhanced efficiency of apoptotic induction of tumor cells from a hematologic origin. Herein, we discuss the preclinical and clinical development of carfilzomib and explore the potential of immunoproteasome-specific inhibitors, like IPSI-001, as a rational approach to exclusively target hematological malignancies.
Device and circuit simulation of quantum electronic devices (1995)

Quantum electronic devices such as resonant tunneling diodes and transistors are now beginning to be used in ultrafast and compact circuit designs. These devices exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR) and/or negative transconductance in their I-V characteristics and have active dimensions of a few nanometers. Since the conventional drift-diffusion approximation is not valid for simulation of device behavior at this microscopic scale, quantum simulation models based on the Schrodinger equation are required to accurately predict the behavior of the device. However, these models are too slow for circuit simulation. This paper describes a modeling scheme that maintains the accuracy of the quantum simulation while achieving satisfactory speed for circuit simulation, and is applicable to a wide range of two and three terminal resonant tunneling devices and may also be extended to future scaled-down MOS and bipolar devices. A self-consistent solution of the Poisson and the Schrodinger equations for various bias points is used to build up tables of conductances, capacitances and other parameters. Table-lookup methods are then used during circuit simulation. Convergence techniques have been developed to overcome the problems caused by the NDR characteristics and the lookup-table model in simulation. While implementation details are presented for a resonant tunneling transistor (RTT), models for several other quantum electronic devices have also been implemented in NDR-SPICE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy Harvesting Powered Wireless Monitoring and Control in Oil and Gas (2013)

Abstract Technological advancement in sensors, digital electronics and wireless communications have enabled development of low cost and low power wireless sensors and networks, thereby enabling a paradigm shift in autonomous monitoring and control for a wide range of applications in the oil and gas industry. These applications can be found all across the industry including supply chain, refineries/petrochemical plants, pipelines, exploration, drilling, production and transportation. One of the challenges is powering up these sensor/control devices. Despite the ultra-low power consumption of wireless nodes and the high energy density of batteries, they still have limited stored energy and, therefore, a limited lifetime. In many scenarios, the battery replacement of sensors could be a very time consuming task and even uneconomical and unmanageable. To tackle these issues and enable fully autonomous and maintenance free wireless sensing and control, a continuous source of energy is required. We have investigated Energy Harvesting as the potential solution for providing reliable and long-term power for sensors by scavenging various ambient energy sources such as environmental/machine vibrations, thermal sources, flow, solar, wind energy and converting it to useable electrical energy. This paper provides a survey of energy harvesting techniques including mechanical (piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic and magentostrictive), thermal (thermoelectric, pyroelectric), light, and various state-of-the-art technologies. The requirements and technical challenges, along with financial drivers and benefits, are addressed. Various ambient energy sources present at the surface and their usage for different applications in the oil and gas industry are identified and discussed in detail. Finally, recommendations are made for improvement and achieving the goal of practical implementation of energy harvesting to enable self-powered remote and wireless monitoring and control in oil and gas. Although the energy harvesting market is rapidly increasing because of its growing demand in various industries, the technology hasn’t been thoroughly investigated for oil and gas applications.
Jointly estimating demographics and height with a calibrated camera (2009)

One important problem in computer vision is to provide a demographic description a person from an image. In practice, many of the state-of-the-art methods use only an analysis of the face to estimate the age and gender of a person of interest. We present a model that combines two problems, height estimation and demographic classification, which allows each to serve as context for the other. Our idea is to use a calibrated camera for measuring the height of people in the scene. Height is measured by jointly inferring across anthropometric dimensions, age, and gender using publicly available statistics. The height estimate provides context for recognizing the age and gender of the subject, and likewise age and gender conditions the distribution of the anthropometric features for estimating height. The performance of our method is explored on a new database of 127 people captured with a calibrated camera with recorded height, age, and gender. We show that estimating height leads to improvements in age and gender classification, and vice versa. To the best of our knowledge, our model produces the most accurate automatic height estimates reported, with the error having a standard deviation of 26.7 mm.
Isolation of a phospholipase A1-producing microorganism (1996)

A bacterium which has phospholipase A1 activity was isolated from soil. It is aerobic, motile, oxidase-negative and has flagella. The G+C content of the DNA was 58.1 mol%. The major isoprenoids of cell was were Q-8 and MK-8. The main cellular fatty acids were saturated straight chain (n-16) and cyclic (17:Δ) fatty acids. Based on its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, this organism was placed in the genusSerratia. Nutritional factors affecting enzyme production were explored. Xylose and ammonium sulfate were the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Ferrous ions exerted a considerable positive effect on enzyme production. The optimal pH and temperature for phospholipase A1 production were 7.0 and 30°C, respectively.
Idiotypic determinants of monoclonal antibodies that bind to 3-fucosyllactosamine. (1986)

Abstract Many monoclonal antibodies that react with the lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF III) antigenic determinant, Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc, have been described recently. The terminal trisaccharide of this determinant, fucosyllactosamine, is present on glycolipids and glycoproteins and on the surface of granulocytes, monocytes, and other cells. To study the structural and genetic diversity of these antibodies, syngeneic anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies were produced in BALB/c mice against PMN 6, a monoclonal antibody directed against this sequence. Anti-idiotypic antibodies 6B1 and 6C4 reacted with 50% of a panel of 20 anti-LNF III monoclonal antibodies, whereas 6A3 reacted strongly only with PMN 6. This indicates that the determinants recognized by 6C4 and 6B1 represent major cross-reactive idiotopes of this family of antibodies. The binding of idiotypic antibodies to a glycolipid bearing this antigenic determinant was completely inhibited by the three anti-idiotypic antibodies, 6A3, 6B1, and 6C4. The idiotopes could be demonstrated on the heavy chain of the monoclonal antibodies by an antibody transfer technique when mild reducing conditions were employed, but a high concentration of reducing agent destroyed the idiotypic determinants. This suggests that the anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize conformational structures expressed on the heavy chain molecules. The binding of 18 monoclonal antibodies to two glycolipid antigens and to a fucosyllactosamine-bovine serum albumin conjugate was compared. Antibodies that possessed the 6C4 cross-reactive idiotope bound to fucosyllactosamine-bovine serum albumin more weakly than idiotype-negative antibodies (p = 0.001). This suggests that the 6C4-positive antibodies might represent germline structures.
Predictive value of serum S100B for monitoring patients with metastatic melanoma during chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy (1999)

In the immunohistology of malignant melanoma the use of polyclonal antibodies against protein S100 is well established. Recently, it was shown that S100B, a subunit of the S100 protein family, is detectable in the serum of melanoma patients and correlates with the stage of the disease in patients with metastatic melanoma. In the present study, the first evaluation of a large number of treatment observations (n = 77) in 64 different patients during chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma (stage IV) is presented. All patients received treatment according to standardized protocols comprising 8 weeks of treatment followed by routine staging procedures to evaluate therapeutic outcome. In 13 patients with tumour enlargement after first-line therapy, a second-line treatment was subsequently given. S100B immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) tests were performed before, during and after treatment at scheduled time points. In the interim analysis at 4 weeks 29 of 37 (78%) patients with tumour progression during treatment showed a raised S100B level. In the final analysis at 8 weeks, 31 of these 37 patients (84%) demonstrated rising S100B values (P < 0.001). Patients who responded to treatment (stable or regressing metastatic disease) showed constant or declining S100B levels in 38 of 40 patients (95%) at the interim analysis, at 8 weeks this was further increased to 39 of 40 patients (98%; P < 0.001). Thus, the use of S100B for monitoring treatment is adequate in the majority of cases. Our observations are of great interest for therapeutic trials of adjuvant and palliative therapies as the rise of S100B levels might indicate that re-staging and/or changes in therapy strategies should be chosen.
Characterization of intermediate compounds formed upon photoinduced degradation of quinolones by high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (2008)

The paper deals with the photocatalytic transformation of two antibacterial agents, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, under simulated solar irradiation using titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. The investigation involved monitoring decomposition of the drugs, identifying intermediate compounds, assessing mineralization, and evaluating the toxicity of drug derivatives. High-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to assess evolution of the photocatalyzed process over time. Respectively 15 and 8 main species were identified after transformation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Through the full analysis of MS and MSn spectra and a comparison with parent drug fragmentation pathways, the different isomers were characterized. In the ofloxacin molecule, the initial transformation attacks are confined to the piperazine moiety and to the methyl groups, while the fluoroquinolone core is unmodified. Conversely, ciprofloxacin degradation involves two parts of the molecule: the piperazinic moiety and the quinolone moiety. All these intermediates are easily degraded and by 4 h mineralization is complete. Toxicity assays using Vibrio fischeri prove that neither ciprofloxacin nor its intermediates exhibit acute toxicity. In ofloxacin the secondary degradation products exhibit toxicity; a correlation exists between the evolution of the intermediate compounds and the toxicity connected to them.
RF Voltage Breakdown in Coaxial Transmission Lines Final Report (1970)

Regular moderate-intensity exercise can play an important role in improving treatment-related symptoms and mood in women with breast cancer. A home-based walking exercise program can be easily incorporated into care for women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
CHOLESTEATOMA-LIKE ACCUMULATIONS IN THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS (1933)

Since the year 1850, when Toynbee first described the condition, there have appeared occasional articles in the literature and in textbooks, chiefly German, concerning a chronic desquamative process of the external auditory canal. It is usually secondary to a protracted hyperemia of the canal, which may have been started by otitis media, furunculosis, inflammation of adjacent structures or infection in the nose. Usually by the time the patient comes under the observation of a physician the canal is filled with a greasy, more or less discolored plug consisting of cerumen, débris, desquamated epithelium and cholesterol. On removal, it is found to be a cast of the external meatus with the imprint of the annulus tympanicus and the membrana tympani on it. The external surface is glistening white with newly desquamated cells and cholesterol. The membrana tympani is intact, but it may be distorted by pressure and rarely is eroded. There
Poly-Si/high-k gate stacks with near-ideal threshold voltage and mobility (2005)

We demonstrate poly-Si/high-k gate stacks suitable for successful implementation in low power technologies. An optimized gate dielectric process was employed to suppress the large pFET threshold voltage shift commonly found with Hf-based gate dielectrics, reducing it to -0.2 V, while preserving pFET and nFET device performance.
Synthetic Liquid Fuel Processes (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Liquid Fuel ProcessesHenry H. StorchCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 7, 1444–1447Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50523a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50523a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Site-Selective Labeling Strategies for Screening by NMR (2002)

NMR based screening has become an important tool in the pharmaceutical industry. Methods that provide information on the location of small molecule binding sites on the surface of a drug target (e. g. SAR-by-NMR and related techniques) are of particular interest. In order to extend the applicability of such techniques to drug targets of higher molecular weight, selective labeling strategies may be employed. Dual-amino acid selective labeling and site directed non-native amino acid replacement (SNAAR) allow for the selective detection of NMR resonances of a specific amino acid residue. This results in significantly reduced spectral complexity, which not only enables application to higher molecular weight systems, but also eliminates the need for sequential resonance assignment in order to identify the binding site. Regio-selective (or segmental) labeling of an entire protein domain of a multi domain protein may also be achieved. Labeling only a selected part of a multi domain protein (e. g. a catalytic or ligand binding domain) is an attractive way to simplify the spectral interpretation without disturbing the system under study.
Beyond the Crystal Ball: Locational Marginal Price Forecasting and Predictive Operations in U.S. Power Markets (2012)

Signs are emerging that north american power markets are moving toward commonality and maturity in their function, if not their operations. More than ten years after the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) announced its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) on standard market design (SMD), major U.S. power markets now seem to have a basis on which to voluntarily provide similar pricing granularity and hedging capabilities to their participants.
Electrically Insulated Sensing of Respiratory Rate and Heartbeat Using Optical Fibers (2014)

Respiratory and heart rates are among the most important physiological parameters used to monitor patients' health. It is important to design devices that can measure these parameters without risking or altering the subject's health. In this context, a novel sensing method to monitor simultaneously the heartbeat and respiratory rate signals of patients within an electrically safety environment was developed and tested. An optical fiber-based sensor was used in order to detect two optical phenomena. Photo-plethysmography and the relation between bending radius and attenuation of optical fiber were coupled through a single beam light traveling along this fiber.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid Assessed by Ultrafast Papanicolaou Stain: Data from 1135 Biopsies with a Two- to Six-Year Follow-Up (2001)

One of the limitations of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is difficulty in distinguishing the follicular variant (FV) of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) from follicular neoplasms. By highlighting the "Orphan Annie-eyed" clear nuclei of the former, the Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain (UFP) easily separates these two entities. One thousand one hundred thirty-five ultrasound-guided FNAs of the thyroid were assessed by UFP with immediate biopsy results reported to the patients in a busy radiology office in Manhattan from November 1994 to December 1998. Of the 77 thyroid cancers resected, 22 were FVPTC and 17 were microcarcinomas (1 medullary carcinoma, 16 PTC). The rates of "unsatisfactory," "cancer," "suspicious for cancer," "follicular neoplasm," and "benign" cytology were 0.7%, 4.4%, 2.6%, 10.2%, and 82.1%, respectively and the cancer yields at surgery were 98%, 81.8%, 15.8%, and 0% respectively. Of the 1127 satisfactory FNAs in the series with a 2- to -6 years of clinical follow-up, a false-negative rate of 0% and a false-positive rate of 1.5% were obtained. Of the 169 surgical follow-ups with satisfactory FNAs, a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 66.7%, positive predictive value of 87.4%, negative predictive value of 100%, and global accuracy of 89.9% were achieved. The paradoxical combination of low unsatisfactory rate and low false-negative rate is attributed to (1) the use of needle puncture without syringe to obtain enough microfollicles from the exceedingly bloody aspirates from follicular neoplasms for a diagnosis, (2) eliciting history of neck trauma to confirm hematomas, (3) using UFP to highlight the grape-like watery clear nuclei of FVPTC evident with a 4x objective, and (4) the precise guidance by ultrasound in sampling microcarcinomas.
Daily Cost of β-Adrenergic Blocker Therapy (1997)

Although all commercially available beta-adrenergic blockers effectively lower intraocular pressure, one differential factor between medicines is cost, which may be influenced by the price at the pharmacy, volume of medication per bottle, drop size, and medicine wastage.
Design and fabrication of solar cell modules. Final technical report (1978)

A six month program conducted between December 1976, and May 1977, for design, fabrication and evaluation of twelve silicon solar cell modules is described. The purpose of the program has been to develop a module design consistent with the requirements and objectives of JPL Specification 5-342-1, Revision B, but also incorporating elements of new technologies under development to meet LSSA Project goals. Module development emphasized preparation of a technically and economically competitive design based upon utilization of ion implanted solar cells and a glass encapsulation system. Ion implanted cells and glass encapsulation methods are expected to have important roles in the reduction of terrestrial solar array costs. This program presented opportunity for initial examination of special considerations which may be associated with these approaches. The modules fabricated, tested and delivered to JPL were on nominal 2 x 2 foot dimensions and 20 watt minimum rating. Basic design, design rationale, performance and results of environmental testing are described.