gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gradient-Based Synthesized Multiple Exposure Time Color HDR Image (2008)

High dynamic range (HDR) of illumination may cause serious distortion and information loss in the viewing and further processing of digital images. On the other hand, digital processing can often improve the visual quality of real-world photographs or views. Recently, HDR imaging techniques have become the focus of much research because of their high theoretical and practical importance. If the scene to be viewed or processed has HDR (dark and bright) illumination, these methods are able to help to detect details that a bright environment washes out, and they miss fewer details in a dark environment. By applying HDR techniques, the performance of different image processing and computer vision algorithms, information enhancement, and object and pattern recognition can also be improved. In this paper, a new tone reproduction algorithm is introduced, which may help to develop hard-to-view or nonviewable features and content of color images. The method applies a multiple exposure time image synthesization technique, where the red, green, and blue (RGB) color components of the pixels are separately handled. In the output, the corresponding (modified) color components are blended. As a result, a high-quality color HDR image is obtained, which contains the maximum level of details and color information.
Smart Grid Technology Integration with Smart Phones for Energy Monitoring and Management System (2018)

There is growing trend of use of smart devices in the current era. Due to the progression in computing techniques and development in hardware, the use of smart devices has become very popular in past few decades. Popularity of such intelligent devices is also increasing in different applications of control and communication in electrical power systems specially for energy management system. This paper proposes an intelligent energy management system at domestic level using smart devices. Proposed architecture makes consumer to monitor and control home load with reference to grid stress and normal duration. Required communication between consumer and utility is provided using cellular techniques. The major objective of this proposed control methodology is to motivate consumers to actively participate in energy market by facilitating them with load control and monitoring options using smart devices. Proposed idea enables integration of the existing infrastructure with advanced technologies and smart devices, provides better monitoring and management abilities and lead to the transformation of the conventional infrastructure into Smart Grids (SG). So the implementation of the proposed idea will make existing system more viable for future smart grids in addition to the advantage of energy management.
Repetitive Sequences in Protein A from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1977)

After tryptic digestion of intact Staphylococcus aureus the residual portion of protein A that was still bound to the cell wall was cleaved off with lysostaphin. From the two digests Fc-binding fragments were isolated and the following characteristics observed. (a) There are four Fc-binding, highly homologous regions, each consisting of 58--62 amino acid residues. (b) These regions are consecutively arranged from the N-terminal part of the protein. (c) The residual C-terminal part, approximately 150-residues long, differs to a great extent with respect to primary and secondary structures from the four active regions. Furthermore, it is suggested that the protein is bound to the bacterial cell wall structure through this C-terminal part.
Managing the evolution of flash: beyond memory to storage (2010)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on managing the evolution of flash memory technology. Some of the specific topics discussed include: NAND flash technology; flash storage management capabilities; flash storage architecture by type of application; and future technology trends.
Effects of intrinsic stress on submicrometer Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions (1989)

The intrinsic stress and its relaxation process are discussed for sputtered Nb films used for the electrodes in Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions. The stress, optically measured for Nb films, depends on the Ar pressure during sputtering, and it changes from compressive to tensile when the Ar pressure is increased. From X-ray diffraction, the shift in the lattice constant was observed to be proportional to the film stress. Changes in the lattice constant were also clearly observed when Nb films were etched to fine patterns. This suggests that the intrinsic stress in Nb films is relaxed at peripheral areas after the patterning process, and that such relaxation is one cause of deterioration in current-voltage characteristics frequently observed in small Josephson junctions. This indicates that stress-free Nb should be used for submicrometer junctions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Defect diagnosis based on pattern-dependent stuck-at faults (2004)

We propose a unified approach for diagnosis of defects of different types. We use a new fault model called pattern-dependent stuck-at faults to narrow down the list of candidate defect sites. The important property of pattern-dependent stuck-at faults is that they encompass the behavior of other fault models. By using a specific subset of the pattern-dependent stuck-at faults to perform an initial diagnosis, we can accurately and efficiently identify a list of candidate defect sites independent of the defect type. We present experimental results of diagnosis of transition faults and of bridging faults as examples to demonstrate the proposed approach and its ability to diagnose faults of different types.
Magnetic Bearings (1964)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Methods of freely, magnetically, suspending rotors in air, in various media, and in a vacuum are described. Rotors weighing from 10<sup>−6</sup> lb to over 100 lb have been suspended and spun, but both larger and smaller rotors can be employed. Rotor speeds in excess of 10<sup>6</sup> rps and centrifugal fields of over 10<sup>9</sup> g have been obtained. When “coasting” freely in air at a pressure of 10<sup>−9</sup> torr, ḟ/f ~ 10<sup>−9</sup> sec<sup>−1</sup>, were ḟ is the loss in rotor speed per second at a speed “f.” A double magnetic suspension also will be described.</div>
Azobenzene-Containing Polymers: Digital and Holographic Storage (1997)

Films of amorphous high-Tg azo-containing polymers can be used as reversible optical storage materials. Information can be "written" by inducing orientation with a linearly polarized laser beam and "erased" by restoring disorder with a circularly polarized laser beam. The higher the Tg of the polymer, the higher the stability of the "written" information. One important factor affecting the rate of writing and the level of induced birefringence is cooperative motion of neighboring azo groups, due to dipolar coupling taking place between these groups. Volume holograms can be inscribed by this orientation process, but the efficiency is below 1%. Long exposure times to circularly polarized light produce surface gratings of high efficiency (30% is typical), by a mechanism which involves photoisomerization. Such gratings can be used as coupling elements into a film waveguide. These two phenomena are reported on a carbazole-containing polymer of high Tg (160° C). Asymmetrical two-beam gain coupling in the presence and absence of an electric field is demonstrated, allowing for design of optical switches. In principle, a whole photonic device can be designed on a simple polymer film.
A Novel STT-RAM-Based Hybrid Cache for Intermittently Powered Processors in IoT Devices (2018)

Emerging nonmemory technologies have been widely employed in intermittently powered the Internet of Things (IoT) devices to bridge program execution across different power cycles. Together with register contents, the cache contents will be checkpointed to nonvolatile memory upon power outages. While pure nonvolatile memory-based cache is an intuitive option, it suffers from inferior performance due to high write latency and energy overhead. We introduce a spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-RAM)-based hybrid cache which is specifically tailored for the intermittently powered embedded system. This cache design supports both normal memory access and checkpointing: During normal access, the large density of STT-RAM and the fast access speed of static random-access memory (SRAM) are fully taken advantage to achieve high performance and low energy consumption; during checkpointing, the most important cache blocks in SRAM are migrated to the dead or unimportant clean cache blocks in STT-RAM. This design achieves instant resumption speed without restoration of large cache state. The experimental results demonstrate a 1.3× execution progress improvement compared with a pure nonvolatile cache design.
Fabrication of multi-layer SU-8 microstructures (2006)

The fabrication of multi-level SU-8 microstructures using multiple coating and exposure steps and a single developing step has been achieved for up to six layers of SU-8. Alternating layers of SU-8 2010 (thin) and SU-8 2100 (thick) photoresist films were spin coated, followed by soft-bake, ultraviolet (UV) exposure and post-exposure bake steps. The multiple SU-8 layers were simultaneously developed to create patterned microstructures with overall thicknesses of up to 500 µm and minimum lateral feature size of 10 µm. The use of a single developing step facilitated fabrication of complex multi-level SU-8 microstructures that might be difficult, or even impossible, to achieve by sequential processing of multiple SU-8 layers that are individually coated, baked, exposed and developed.
Nuclear and mitochondrial splice forms of human uracil-DNA glycosylase contain a complex nuclear localisation signal and a strong classical mitochondrial localisation signal, respectively (1998)

Nuclear (UNG2) and mitochondrial (UNG1) forms of human uracil-DNA glycosylase are both encoded by the UNG gene but have different N-terminal sequences. We have expressed fusion constructs of truncated or site-mutated UNG cDNAs and green fluorescent protein cDNA and studied subcellular sorting. The unique 44 N-terminal amino acids in UNG2 are required, but not sufficient, for complete sorting to nuclei. In this part the motif R17K18R19is essential for sorting. The complete nuclear localization signal (NLS) in addition requires residues common to UNG2 and UNG1 within the 151 N-terminal residues. Replacement of certain basic residues within this region changed the pattern of subnuclear distribution of UNG2. The 35 unique N-terminal residues in UNG1 constitute a strong and complete mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) which when placed at the N-terminus of UNG2 overrides the NLS. Residues 11-28 in UNG1 have the potential of forming an amphiphilic helix typical of MLSs and residues 1-28 are essential and sufficient for mitochondrial import. These results demonstrate that UNG1 contains a classical and very strong MLS, whereas UNG2 contains an unusually long and complex NLS, as well as subnuclear targeting signals in the region common to UNG2 and UNG1.
Trapped Photoelectrons During Spacecraft Charging in Sunlight (2015)

For a dielectric spacecraft charging in sunlight, the potentials are different on the sunlit and dark sides. Differential charging of spacecraft surfaces can trap low-energy electrons by means of potential wells and barriers. The low-energy electrons are mostly photoelectrons and secondary electrons. Motivated by the recent interest in trapped photoelectrons measured by the Van Allen Probes in the radiation belts, we calculate the extent of the trapped photoelectron area and the potential barrier as a function of the dipole strength and sun angle using the monopole- dipole model. We find that the dipole strength is an important parameter in controlling the behavior of the potential wells and barriers. The usual inequality, 1/2 ≤ A ≤ 1 where A is the dipole strength, used in the monopole-dipole model can be relaxed and amended for finite sun angles. We then use a simple method to estimate the density of the trapped low-energy electrons in these areas. In sunlight charging, the low-energy electron population around the spacecraft is enhanced by the photoelectrons trapped inside the potential barrier.
Tax Recruitment of CBP/p300, via the KIX Domain, Reveals a Potent Requirement for Acetyltransferase Activity That Is Chromatin Dependent and Histone Tail Independent (2003)

Robust transcription of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) genome requires the viral transactivator Tax. Although Tax has been previously shown to interact with the KIX domain of CBP/p300 in vitro, the precise functional relevance of this interaction remains unclear. Using two distinct approaches to interrupt the physical interaction between Tax and KIX, we find that Tax transactivation from chromatin templates is strongly dependent on CBP/p300 recruitment via the KIX domain. Additionally, we find that the primary functional contribution of CBP/p300 to Tax transactivation resides in the intrinsic acetyltransferase activity of the coactivators. These studies unexpectedly uncover a specific requirement for CBP/p300 acetyltransferase activity on chromatin templates assembled with nucleosomes lacking their amino-terminal tails. Together, these data indicate that the KIX domain of CBP/p300 is essential for targeting the acetyltransferase activity of the coactivator to the Tax-CREB (Tax/CREB) complex. Significantly, these observations reveal the presence of one or more CBP/p300 acetyltransferase targets that function specifically on chromatin templates, are independent of the histone tails, and are critical to Tax transactivation.
The molecular biology of chronic wounds and delayed healing in diabetes (2006)

Wound healing is a complicated and integrated process. Although there is some tolerance in terms of redundancy and interrelated control mechanisms, pushing beyond such limits may contribute to delayed wound healing, and in extreme cases lead to chronic wounds/ulcers and thus potentially to lower extremity amputation. Diabetes is associated with such disruption in wound healing. Research in humans and in animal models has identified a large number of changes associated with diabetes at the molecular level in delayed wound healing and to a lesser extent in chronic diabetic ulcers. Better overall understanding of these changes and how they are interrelated would allow for specifically targeted treatment, thus ensuring improved quality of life for patients and providing savings to the high costs that are associated with all aspects of chronic diabetic ulcers. This review examines the work done at the molecular level on chronic diabetic ulcers, as well as considering changes seen in diabetes in general, both in humans and animal models, that may in turn contribute to ulcer formation.
Computational support systems for prediction and characterization of protein crystallization outcomes (2013)

Analysis of protein structures may reveal their function, regulation and interactions. Almost 90% of the known protein structures were solved using X-ray crystallography; however, many more structures remain unsolved. Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) project was created to speed up structure determination. PSI includes structural genomics (SG) centers that perform high-throughput crystallization which processes hundreds of proteins using standardized protocols. Large quantities of crystallization data generated by PSI fueled research that looked into proteins’ properties associated with success of crystallization. In spite of intense research crystallization of proteins is still among the most complex and least understood problems in structural biology. Since SG centers do not focus on individual proteins, but rather on covering the protein structure space, they have certain flexibility in selection of targets. At the beginning of my PhD program we designed and assessed three accurate methods that predict crystallization propensity based on a protein sequence. These methods could be used to prioritize targets based on their predicted propensity for the successful structure determination. We observed that as the crystallization protocols are updated the predictors of crystallization propensity need to be correspondingly upgraded and enhanced. To this end, in the course of the thesis we developed an accurate predictor that generates crystallization propensity and indicates causes of the potential crystallization failure, which can occur at any of the three major steps in the protein crystallization protocol: production of protein material, purification, and production of crystals. Our predictors are empirically compared against state-of-the-art in the field demonstrating favorable predictive performance. Finally, we designed another accurate and runtime-efficient method which we then used to perform first-of-its-kind large-scale analysis of crystallization propensity for proteins encoded in 1,953 fully sequenced genomes. Analysis of these predictions shows that current X-ray crystallography combined with homology modeling could provide an average per-proteome structural coverage of 73% with over 60% coverage for archaea and bacterial proteomes, and between 35 and 70% for eukaryotes. Moreover, our study revealed that use of knowledge-based target selection increases coverage by a significant margin, which for majority of organisms is between 25 to 40%.
Detection of Radioactive Cement in Cased Wells (1940)

In a previous article we have described a technique for measuring therelative intensities of gamma rays from the radioactive elements occurringnaturally in geological formations along the walls of a borehole. The apparatusconsisted of two Geiger-Muller tubes mounted inside a pressure tight chamber.Each counter tube was coupled separately to an amplifier and a frequency meterat the surface by means of a multi-conductor cable upon which the chamber wassuspended. The output currents of the two frequency meters were recorded on aphotographic paper as the chamber was moved in the hole. These traces showedremarkable correlation with the geologic formations, as evidenced by comparisonwith commercial electrical logs. Owing to the penetrating power of the gammarays, logs may be taken in both open and cased boreholes. The apparatus has recently been changed somewhat. One of the counter tubes hasbeen removed and a stage of amplification has been added inside the chamber.This arrangement seems to give a more favorable signal-to-noise ratio andsatisfactory logs can be now made in cased holes and also in open holes aspreviously. Briefly described, the chamber moving in the hole is made of 372-in. drill pipe and is about 10 ft. long. There is an additional extensionabout 2 ft. long at the top, inside which cable connections are made. TheGeiger-Muller tube is mounted inside the bottom end of the chamber. Above thisis the vacuum-tube amplifier with its batteries and transformer. In the toppart of the chamber, small 45-volt batteries are mounted, which in part supplythe high voltage for the counter tube. Additional voltage IS supplied from thesurface through the multi-conductor cable upon which the chamber is suspended.Also, the output of the transformer in the single-stage amplifier is coupled toanother single-stage amplifier at the surface through this cable. T.P. 1113
Nanochemical effects in femtosecond laser ablation of metals (2013)

We study chemical energy released from the oxidation of aluminum in multipulse femtosecond laser ablation in air and oxygen. Our study shows that the released chemical energy amounts to about 13% of the incident laser energy, and about 50% of the ablated material is oxidized. The ablated material mass per laser pulse is measured to be on the nanogram scale. Our study indicates that femtosecond laser ablation is capable of inducing nanochemical reactions since the femtosecond laser pulse can controllably produce nanoparticles, clusters, and atoms from a solid target.
Signal amplification in electrochemical detection of buckwheat allergenic protein using field effect transistor biosensor by introduction of anionic surfactant (2016)

Food allergens, especially buckwheat proteins, sometimes induce anaphylactic shock in patients after ingestion. Development of a simple and rapid screening method based on a field effect transistor (FET) biosensor for food allergens in food facilities or products is in demand. In this study, we achieved the FET detection of a buckwheat allergenic protein (BWp16), which is not charged enough to be electrically detected by FET biosensors, by introducing additional negative charges from anionic surfactants to the target proteins. A change in the FET characteristics reflecting surface potential caused by the adsorption of target charged proteins was observed when the target sample was coupled with the anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), while no significant response was detected without any surfactant treatment. It was suggested that the surfactant conjugated with the protein could be useful for the charge amplification of the target proteins. The surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the SDS-coupled proteins were successfully captured by the receptors immobilized on the sensing surface. Additionally, we obtained the FET responses at various concentrations of BWp16 ranging from 1 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL. These results suggest that a signal amplification method for FET biosensing is useful for allergen detection in the food industry.
Emergency horn detection using embedded systems (2016)

Currently, the automobile concerns trying to fight for customers in many fields, from the safety of vehicles manufactured after retrofitting and comfort. Usually this is achieved by using the installation of air conditioning, comfortable seats, and high level of noise insulation and modern audio-systems, which will undoubtedly greatly affect the driver's interaction with the environment. One of the current topic in this field is detection of emergency horn by car. We present in this paper technology based on noise signal processing. There were developed new algorithm for emergency horn detection. The proposed algorithm was embedded into myRIO platform using its FPGA and tested in real conditions.
Investigation of Uncertainty of Deep Learning-based Object Classification on Radar Spectra (2021)

Deep learning (DL) has recently attracted increasing interest to improve object type classification for automotive radar.In addition to high accuracy, it is crucial for decision making in autonomous vehicles to evaluate the reliability of the predictions; however, decisions of DL networks are non-transparent. Current DL research has investigated how uncertainties of predictions can be quantified, and in this article, we evaluate the potential of these methods for safe, automotive radar perception. In particular we evaluate how uncertainty quantification can support radar perception under (1) domain shift, (2) corruptions of input signals, and (3) in the presence of unknown objects. We find that in agreement with phenomena observed in the literature,deep radar classifiers are overly confident, even in their wrong predictions. This raises concerns about the use of the confidence values for decision making under uncertainty, as the model fails to notify when it cannot handle an unknown situation. Accurate confidence values would allow optimal integration of multiple information sources, e.g. via sensor fusion. We show that by applying state-of-the-art post-hoc uncertainty calibration, the quality of confidence measures can be significantly improved,thereby partially resolving the over-confidence problem. Our investigation shows that further research into training and calibrating DL networks is necessary and offers great potential for safe automotive object classification with radar sensors.