gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization and inhibitory effects of dinophysistoxin-1, okadaic acid and microcystine l-r on protein phosphatase 2a purified from the mussel Mytilus chilensis. (2000)

Protein phosphatases are involved in many cellular processes. One of the most abundant and best studied members of this class is protein phosphatase type-2A (PP2A). In this study, PP2A was purified from the mussel Mytilus chilensis. Using both SDS-PAGE and size exclusion gel filtration under denaturant conditions, it was confirmed that the PP2A fraction was essentially pure. The isolated enzyme is a heterodimer and the molecular estimated masses of the subunits are 62 and 28 kDa. The isolated PP2A fraction has a notably high p-NPP phosphatase activity, which is inhibited by NaCl. The hydrolytic p-NPP phosphatase activity is independent of the MgCl2 concentration. The time courses of the inhibition of the PP2A activity of p-NPP hydrolysis by increasing concentrations of three phycotoxins that are specific inhibitors of PP2A are shown. Inhibitions caused by Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1, 35-methylokadiac acid) and Microcystine L-R are dose-dependent with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.68, 0.40 and 0.27 nM respectively. Microcystine L-R, the most potent phycotoxin inhibitor of PP2A isolated from Mytilus chilensis with an IC50 = 0.25 ng/ml, showed the highest specific inhibition effect an the p-NPP hydrolisis. The calculated IC50 for DTX1 and OA was 0.75 ng/ml and 1.8 ng/ml respectively.
Exploiting the dependencies in information fusion (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach for multisensory information fusion in the Bayesian inference framework. Specifically, under the maximum entropy principle, a formula is derived for estimating the joint probabilities of multisensory signals. The formula uses appropriate mapping functions to reflect the dependencies among multisensory signals. Selection of the mappings is guided by the maximum mutual information criterion. In addition, an algorithm is proposed for linear mappings of Gaussian random variables. Experiments on simulated Gaussian data and video/audio signals have been carried out. Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the recognition accuracy for this type of tasks.
Race and gender differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the United States: An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data (1979–1996)* (2002)

Although the annual ARDS mortality rate is slowly declining in the United States, significant race and gender differences in ARDS mortality exist.
Predicting gene promoter methylation in non-small-cell lung cancer by evaluating sputum and serum (2007)

The use of 5-methylcytosine demethylating agents in conjunction with inhibitors of histone deacetylation may offer a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Monitoring the efficacy of gene demethylating treatment directly within the tumour may be difficult due to tumour location. This study determined the positive and negative predictive values of sputum and serum for detecting gene methylation in primary lung cancer. A panel of eight genes was evaluated by comparing methylation detected in the primary tumour biopsy to serum and sputum obtained from 72 patients with Stage III lung cancer. The prevalence for methylation of the eight genes in sputum (21-43%) approximated to that seen in tumours, but was 0.7-4.3-fold greater than detected in serum. Sputum was superior to serum in classifying the methylation status of genes in the tumour biopsy. The positive predictive value of the top four genes (p16, DAPK, PAX5 beta, and GATA5) was 44-72% with a negative predictive value for these genes > or =70%. The highest specificity was seen for the p16 gene, and this was associated with a odds ratio of six for methylation in the tumour when this gene was methylated in sputum. In contrast, for serum, the individual sensitivity for all genes was 6-27%. Evaluating the combined effect of methylation of at least one of the four most significant genes in sputum increased the positive predictive value to 86%. These studies demonstrate that sputum can be used effectively as a surrogate for tumour tissue to predict the methylation status of advanced lung cancer where biopsy is not feasible.
High-Performance Vessels from an Aromatic Polyamide Fiber/Epoxy Composite (1975)

The investigation reported is concerned with the development of a filament-wound, ultralightweight composite vessel for the containment of cryogenic propellants and pressurant gases. The vessels are to be used within an operational temperature range from -253 C to ambient temperature. The fiber used for the process is Kevlar 49. The design and the fabrication of specimens and vessels are discussed along with the results obtained in a testing program.
Epitaxial Growth of Ice Crystals on the Muscovite Cleavage Plane and Their Relation to Partial Dislocations (1971)

The arrangement of oxygen atoms in hexagonal rings in crystals of ice and muscovite gives two possible alternatives of epitaxial connection between these two structures. Which one of these two alternatives is favored depends entirely on the location of potassium atoms in the cleavage plane of the muscovite structure. Since potassium atoms are displaced from the normal environment by the slip taking place along partial Burgers vectors, epitaxial growth of ice crystals on muscovite can be used for the determination of the slip directions and hence for the study of partial dislocations in muscovite crystals.
Molecular characterization of the nisin resistance region of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3 (1991)

The nisin resistance determinant of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3 was localized onto a 1.3-kb EcoRI-NdeI fragment by subcloning and interrupting the NdeI site by cloning random NdeI fragments into it; the nisin resistance determinant was then sequenced. The nucleotide sequence revealed a large open reading frame containing 318 codons. Putative transcription and translation signal sequences were located directly upstream from the initiation codon. Immediately downstream of the termination codon was a palindromic region resembling a rho-independent termination sequence. This 957-nucleotide open reading frame and its associated transcription and translation signal sequences were cloned into plasmid-free L. lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 and conferred an MIC of 160 IU of nisin per ml. This level of nisin resistance is equivalent to that of the initial nisin-resistant subclone, pFM011, used for further subcloning in this study. The inferred amino acid sequence would result in a protein with a molecular mass of 35,035 Da. This value was in agreement with the molecular mass of a protein detected after in vitro transcription and translation of DNA encoding the nisin resistance gene, nsr. This protein contained a hydrophobic region at the N terminus that was predicted to be membrane associated but did not contain a typical signal sequence cleavage site. No significant homology was detected when the DNA sequence of the nsr gene and the amino acid sequence of its putative product were compared with other available sequences. When subjected to Southern hybridization, a 1.2-kb DraI fragment encoding the nsr gene did not hybridize with the genomic DNA of the nisin-producing strain L. lactis subsp. lactis 11454.
Redox biology of the intestine (2011)

The intestinal tract, known for its capability for self-renew, represents the first barrier of defence between the organism and its luminal environment. The thiol/disulfide redox systems comprising the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG), cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS) and reduced and oxidized thioredoxin (Trx/TrxSS) redox couples play important roles in preserving tissue redox homeostasis, metabolic functions, and cellular integrity. Control of the thiol-disulfide status at the luminal surface is essential for maintaining mucus fluidity and absorption of nutrients, and protection against chemical-induced oxidant injury. Within intestinal cells, these redox couples preserve an environment that supports physiological processes and orchestrates networks of enzymatic reactions against oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the intestinal redox and antioxidant systems, their subcellular compartmentation, redox signalling and epithelial turnover, and contribution of luminal microbiota, key aspects that are relevant to understanding redox-dependent processes in gut biology with implications for degenerative digestive disorders, such as inflammation and cancer.
Task inference and distributed task management in the Centibots robotic system (2005)

We describe the Centibots system, a very large scale distributed robotic system, consisting of more than 100 robots, that has been successfully deployed in large, unknown indoor environments, over extended periods of time (i.e., durations corresponding to several power cycles). Unlike most multiagent systems, the set of tasks about which teams must collaborate is not given a priori. We first describe a task inference algorithm that identifies potential team commitments that collectively balance constraints such as reachability, sensor coverage, and communication access. We then describe a dispatch algorithm for task distribution and management that assigns resources depending on either task density or replacement requirements stemming from failures or power shortages. The targeted deployment environments are expected to lack a supporting communication infrastructure; robots manage their own network and reason about the concomitant localization constraints necessary to maintain team communication. Finally, we present quantitative results in terms of a search and rescue problem and discuss the team-oriented aspects of the system in the context of prevailing theories of multiagent collaboration.
Responding to Threats to Integrity of Self (1997)

Current theories of illness focus either on the illness experience or on the response to recovery from particular diseases. When the focus is on the individual, rather than the cause, it is evident that these experiences may be combined to develop a comprehensive theory that incorporates the individual's responses to acute or chronic illness or to injury. Extending primarily from the illness Constellation Model and Preserving Self, a five-stage model, Responding to Threats to Integrity of the Self, was developed. The theory focuses on the individual (and to a lesser degree on the individual's family) and how the individual seeks self-comforting strategies to mediate the experience. The theory is one of recovery and rehabilitation, is comprehensive, and may be used for understanding and supporting patient responses.
Subwavelength coincidence interference with classical thermal light (2004)

We show that a thermal light source which is random in the transverse direction can produce a sub-wavelength double slit interference in a joint intensity measurement. This is the classical version of quantum lithography, and it can be explained with the correlation of rays instead of the entanglement of photons.
Effect of nano-fillers on electrical breakdown behavior of epoxy resin (2010)

Epoxy resin is widely used in high voltage apparatus as insulation due to its excellent mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. In recent years, researches on epoxy resin/nanocomposites have shown that the presence of nano-size filler in epoxy resin system can improve electrical, thermal and mechanical properties significantly. In the present paper, the epoxy resin containing nanosize SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> fillers were prepared and the influence of nanosize filler on nanocomposites electrical properties was investigated. The epoxy resin (LY556), commonly used in power apparatus, was used as the base material and nano-sized fillers were mechanically mixed into the epoxy resin. The influence of filler type, filler size and filler concentration on nanocomposites ac breakdown strength and space charge accumulation were examined. In addition, traditional epoxy resin/microcomposites were also prepared and tested and the results were compared with those obtained from epoxy resin/nanocomposites. The present results show that the presence of nano-sized fillers affects space charge accumulation and ac breakdown strength shows a slight reduction. The dielectric properties are strongly influenced by the filler size type and concentration.
Finite element analysis of Hall effect and magnetoresistance (1995)

This paper shows that the finite element method can be used to compute Hall voltages and electric fields, magnetoresistance, and current flow patterns. The computed Hall voltage is reduced (up to 54%) when the semiconductor geometry is changed from a narrow rod to a wide rod and when the sense electrodes are made of nonzero size. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid High Resolution Electroanatomical Mapping (2012)

The new HR mapping system accurately and quickly identifies geometry and complex patterns of activation in the canine RA, with little or no manual annotation of activation time.
Event-based particle filtering for robot self-localization (2012)

We propose a novel algorithm for robot self-localization using an embedded event-based sensor. This sensor produces a stream of events at microsecond time resolution which only represents pixel-level illumination changes in a scene, as e.g. caused by perceived motion. This is in contrast to classical image sensors, which wastefully transmit redundant information at a much lower frame rate. Our method adapts the commonly used Condensation Particle Filter Tracker to such event-based sensors. It works directly with individual, highly ambiguous pixel-events and does not employ event integration over time. The lack of complete discrete sensory measurements is addressed by applying an exponential decay model for hypotheses likelihood computation. The proposed algorithm demonstrates robust performance at low computation requirements; turning it suitable for implementation in embedded hardware on small autonomous robots. We evaluate our algorithm in a simulation environment and with experimental recorded data.
Purification and properties of human placental dipeptidyl peptidase IV. (1985)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilidase) was purified 1840-fold from human placenta and characterized. The enzyme was solubilized from membrane fractions with Triton X-100 and subjected to zinc acetate fractionation, hydroxylapatite chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 chromatography and then affinity chromatographies with Lentil Lectin-Sepharose 4B and Gly-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH-Sepharose 4B. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV was completely separated from leucine aminopeptidase by the final affinity chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 350,000 by gel filtration. The purified enzyme gave a single band with a weight of 124,000 with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel-electrophoresis, suggesting that the enzyme consists of three subunits. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.4. The purified enzyme was most active at pH 8.0 with Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide as substrate and the Km value for this substrate was 2.27mM.
Treatment of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Pentamidine Isethionate (2000)

Pentamidine isethionate is a safe and effective first-line treatment for Old World leishmaniasis. Larger-scale prospective studies comparing several dosage regimens of pentamidine and pentamidine isethionate to PAD are warranted.
Identification of the G‐protein‐coupled ORL1 receptor in the mouse spinal cord by [<sup>35</sup>S]‐GTPγS binding and immunohistochemistry (1999)

1 Although the ORL1 receptor is clearly located within the spinal cord, the functional signalling mechanism of the ORL1 receptor in the spinal cord has not been clearly documented. The present study was then to investigate the guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) activation mediated through by the ORL1 receptor in the mouse spinal cord, measuring the modulation of guanosine-5'-o-(3-[35S]-thio) triphosphate ([35S]-GTPgammaS) binding by the putative endogenous ligand nociceptin, also referred as orphanin FQ. We also studied the anatomical distribution of nociceptin-like immunoreactivity and nociceptin-stimulated [35S]-GTPgammaS autoradiography in the spinal cord. 2 Immunohistochemical staining of mouse spinal cord sections revealed a dense plexus of nociceptin-like immunoreactive fibres in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn throughout the entire length of the spinal cord. In addition, networks of fibres were seen projecting from the lateral border of the dorsal horn to the lateral grey matter and around the central canal. 3 In vitro [35S]-GTPgammaS autoradiography showed high levels of nociceptin-stimulated [35S]-GTPgammaS binding in the superficial layers of the mouse dorsal horn and around the central canal, corresponding to the areas where nociceptin-like immunoreactive fibres were concentrated. 4 In [35S]-GTPgammaS membrane assay, nociceptin increased [35S]-GTPgammaS binding of mouse spinal cord membranes in a concentration-dependent and saturable manner, affording maximal stimulation of 64.1+/-2.4%. This effect was markedly inhibited by the specific ORL1 receptor antagonist [Phe1Psi (CH2-NH) Gly2] nociceptin (1 - 13) NH2. None of the mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid and other G-protein-coupled receptor antagonists had a significant effect on basal or nociceptin-stimulated [35S]-GTPgammaS binding. 5 These findings suggest that nociceptin-containing fibres terminate in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn and the central canal and that nociceptin released in these areas may selectively stimulate the ORL1 receptor to activate G-protein. Furthermore, the unique pattern of G-protein activation in the present study provide additional evidence that nociceptin is distinct from the mu-, delta- or kappa-opioid system.
The Voice-Controlled Robotic Assist Scope Holder AESOP for the Endoscopic Approach to the Sella (2006)

Recently, the endoscopic-endonasal approach to the sella has gained popularity. The voice-activated robotic scope holder is safe and has several advantages over current scope holders. Its utility may reduce operating time and eliminate the need for a second surgeon to hold the endoscope.
Growth of Refractory Oxide Single Crystals (1962)

It has been found that various refractory oxides can be crystallized from molten PbO–PbF2 and Bi2O3–BiF3 solutions. The PbO–PbF2 solvent has proved successful for the growth of high alumina compounds including aluminum garnets, rare-earth orthoaluminates, spinels, magnetoplumbite-type aluminates, aluminum oxide, and the divalent oxides BeO and MnO. The Bi2O3–BiF3 system has proven successful for the growth of the ferrite GaFeO3. The stability ranges of these various compounds is discussed in addition to problems of doping and attainment of large single crystals.
Sphingolipids as Mediators in the Crosstalk between Microbiota and Intestinal Cells: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2016)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes different illnesses characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenic mechanisms leading to IBD are poorly understood, immune system disturbances likely underlie its development. Sphingolipids (SLs) have been identified as important players and promising therapeutic targets to control inflammation in IBD. Interestingly, it seems that microorganisms of the normal gut microbiota and probiotics are involved in sphingolipid function. However, there is a great need to investigate the role of SLs as intermediates in the crosstalk between intestinal immunity and microorganisms. This review focuses on recent investigations that describe some mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine profiles by SLs. We also describe the importance of gut microbiota in providing signaling molecules that favor the communication between resident bacteria and intestinal cells. This, in turn, modulates the immune response in the bowel and likely in other peripheral organs. The potential of SLs and gut microbiota as targets or therapeutic agents for IBD is also discussed.
High Pressure Fiber-Optic Sensor With Side-Hole Fiber (1987)

Experiments are performed toward the development of a fiber optic pressure sensor which uses the elasto-optic birefringence in a single-mode fiber. The 'side-hole' fiber-structure may be viewed as a PANDA-structure with open channels instead of the stress generating rods in its cross-section. The use of the side-hole fiber exploits the high reproducibility of silica serving as the elastic reference. By the side-hole geometry external hydrostatic pressure is converted into an anisotropic stress in the core region. Additionally, a stress concentration by a factor of 3 to 5 can be achieved by suitable choice of the geometry of the channels. In the experimental setup, the fiber is exposed in a pressure chamber directly to the pressure to be measured. The chamber is designed for a pressure range of 0 to 1000 bars.The induced birefringence is determined by passing a polarized laser beam through the fiber and by bi-directional counting the periods of phase delay between the two polarization-eigenstates of the fiber at the output. Thus, the sensor operates in an incremental mode. Using a fiber length of 10 cm, a pressure induced birefringence of 7.78 rad/(bar-m) was measured at a wavelength of 1300 nm. The resolution of optical phase evaluation is ni2, corresponding to a pressure resolution of approx. 2 bars. The overall accuracy of the sensor is better than ± 0.5% in the pressure range of 100-1000 bars where unambiguous phase evaluation was possible. Below 100 bars, in one fiber problems were caused near the point where the the birefringence vanishes. The experimental sensor-head is connected to the evaluation unit by a polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, supplying the laser light, and three electrical leads for the detector signals. A version without any electrical lead to the sensor head is planned, in which the light source and the signal detectors are connected by optical fibers.