gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical characterization of silver nanorod electrodes prepared by oblique angle deposition (2006)

Ag nanorod electrodes with different nanorod lengths are fabricated by a simple vacuum deposition technique, oblique angle deposition (OAD). The as-grown Ag nanorods are aligned on the substrate and have a diameter of ∼60–70 nm, a density of ∼200–300 × 107 cm−2, and a tilting angle of ∼70°–80° with respect to the surface normal. The electrochemical behaviours of the Ag nanorod electrode are characterized by cyclic voltammetry at various scan rates with comparison to an Ag thin-film electrode. The capacitive current is found to be proportional to the actual surface area, and the faradic redox current also increases monotonically with the surface area of the nanorod electrodes, but the increase is not as significant as that of the capacitive current due to the diffusion layer overlapping for the highly compacted nanorods. This indicates that the Ag nanorod electrode could improve the electrolytic sensor for amperometric response measurements, especially for the bimolecular measurements due to the biocompatibility of Ag. The high capacitance also suggests a promising usage of the developed nanostructures for battery and energy storage applications.
Sjögren ocular disease treatment (2013)

Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that results in tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, chronic irritation, and inflammation of the ocular surface. Treatment can be either conservative or invasive based on the severity of the disease. The basic aim of the treatment is to improve the quality of life and reduce subjective complaints and objective ocular surface irritation. The first line of treatment is tear substitution with artificial tear drops, gels, and ointments. In moderate cases, preservative-free tear supplementation, topical anti-inflammatory therapy, and retinol treatment is recommended. Temporary or permanent punctal plug occlusion, therapeutic contact lenses, or using a moisture chamber can also be an option. In severe cases, the application of topical autologous serum, systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, androgen substitution, secretagogues, and surgical intervention can be effective. As a future perspective, causal therapy of the disease will play a greater role, such as cyclosporine therapy, secretion stimulation, growth factor containing artificial tears, and immunomodulants.
Silencing of &lt;italic&gt;Bcl-XL&lt;/italic&gt; Expression in Human MGC-803 Gastric Cancer Cells by siRNA (2005)

To investigate the inhibitory effect of the Bcl-XL small interfering RNA (siRNA) on Bcl-XL gene expression in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803, green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA was constructed and transfected into MGC-803 cells, together with GFP expression vector pTrace SV40. GFP expression levels were observed using fluorescence microscopy. Bcl-XL siRNA and negative siRNA were then constructed and stably transfected into MGC-803 cells. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Bcl-XL. Spontaneous apoptosis was detected by acridine orange (AO) and flow cytometry. Results were as follows: (1) 48 h after GFP expression vector and GFP siRNA co-transfection, the expression level of GFP in the GFP siRNA group was much lower than the negative siRNA group, according to fluorescence microscopy results. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-XL in Bcl-XL siRNA stable transfectants were reduced to almost background level compared with negative siRNA transfectants or untreated cells. (2) Changes in nucleus morphology was observed by AO staining nucleic and flow cytometry analysis, which showed that stable Bcl-XL siRNA transfectants have an increased spontaneous apoptosis (21.17%+/-1.26% vs. 1.19%+/-0.18% and 1.56%+/-0.15% respectively, P < 0.05 vs. negative siRNA or untreated control). siRNA targeting GFP or Bcl-XL genes can specifically suppress GFP or Bcl-XL expression in MGC-803 cells, and Bcl-XL siRNA can increase spontaneous apoptosis. Bcl-XL siRNA may be a beneficial agent against human gastric adenocarcinoma.
Rapid method for construction of yeast artificial chromosome human DNA libraries involving the trapping of cells in agarose films (1990)

A simple method for the molecular cloning of fragments of more than one hundred kilobase pairs of exogenous DNA, by the encapsulation of cells in agarose beads, was reported previously for the construction of a human genomic DNA library in a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vector (in situ YAC construction) [1]. The efficiency of this procedure is impaired by the step in which agarose beads that contain human DNA fragments are melted before transformation. The incomplete solubility of the ligated human DNA fragment-YAC vector often results in lower than desirable frequencies of transformation. To overcome this problem we have developed a new improved method that involves use of an agarose film. The technical manipulations involved in the construction of clones of very large segments of human DNA are discussed.
Structural Determinants for High‐Affinity Block of hERG Potassium Channels (2005)

Drug-induced long QT syndrome is an abnormality of cardiac action potential repolarization that can induce arrhythmias and sudden death. This unwanted side effect of some medications is most frequently associated with block of hERG channels, even though it could theoretically result from inhibition of any K+ current with a role in repolarization. Recent studies suggest an explanation for why so many structurally diverse compounds preferentially block hERG. State dependent inhibition of hERG channel currents and slow kinetics for recovery from block suggest that many drugs bind within the inner cavity of the channel and are trapped by closure of the activation gate upon repolarization. Drug trapping studies indicate that the inner cavity of hERG is larger than other voltage-gated K+ channels. Scanning Ala mutagenesis of S6 and pore helix domains that line the inner cavity of hERG have demonstrated that two aromatic residues (Tyr652 and Phe656) are important sites of interaction for most blockers investigated so far. These residues are unique to the EAG channel family. Ser624 and Thr623 residues at the base of the pore helices are also critical for high-affinity binding for some compounds (e.g. methanesulfonanilides) but not others (cisapride, terfenadine, propafenone).
Generating emotional speech from neutral speech (2010)

Emotional speech is one of the key techniques towards a natural and realistic conversation between human and machines. Generating emotional speech by means of converting a neutral speech is desirable as this allows us to generate emotional speech from many existing text-to-speech systems. The GMM based method is capable of synthesizing the desired spectrum, while the rule-based algorithm is effective in implementing the targeted prosodic features. Note that spectral and prosodic features are key factors that project the emotional effects of speech, in this paper, we propose the synthesis of emotional speech by applying a two-stage transformation that combines the GMM and RB methods. We synthesize happy, angry and sad speech and compare the proposed method with GMM linear transformation and RB transformation respectively. The listening test has shown that the speech synthesized by the proposed method is perceived to best portray the targeted speech emotion.
Japanese cedar pollen as an exacerbation factor in atopic dermatitis: results of atopy patch testing and histological examination (2006)

Atopy patch testing with Japanese cedar pollen extract has been used to investigate patients with atopic dermatitis whose condition is exacerbated by contact with Japanese cedar pollen. Comparative atopy patch testing, scratch tests, and assays for total IgE and specific IgE were performed in 74 patients with atopic dermatitis, 5 patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis and 15 control subjects. A skin biopsy was performed on any sites that were positive to Japanese cedar pollen patch test. The results after 48 h of atopy patch testing were compared with the patient's history, skin scratch test and specific IgE. Twenty-two of the 74 patients (30%) had a history of exacerbation every spring after contact with Japanese cedar. Of these patients 68% showed a positive reaction to Japanese cedar pollen extract, as did 21% of patients with atopic dermatitis without a history of exacerbation by Japanese cedar pollen, 20% of patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis without eruption and 7% of control subjects. A histological examination revealed eczematous changes and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in atopy patch testing positive sites. In conclusion, atopy patch testing with Japanese cedar pollen extract is a useful method for investigating trigger factors for eczematous skin lesions in a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis.
Negative cooperativity in the steady‐state kinetics of sugar oxidation by soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> (1998)

Steady-state-kinetics investigations were carried out for the oxidation of aldose sugars by soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus using N-methylphenazonium methyl sulfate (PMS) as artificial electron acceptor. As is not uncommon for a dye-linked dehydrogenase, the enzyme showed ping-pong behaviour and double-substrate inhibition. However, under conditions that avoided its masking by sugar-substrate inhibition as much as possible, negative kinetic cooperativity with respect to sugar substrate oxidation by this enzyme was demonstrated. Arguments are presented that exclude trivial factors as a cause for the phenomenon observed. Experimental data could be fitted with an equation accounting for biphasic cooperativity containing two sets of apparent kinetic parameters, V1 and K1, and V1 and K2, representing the enzyme's Michaelis-Menten behaviour at low and high substrate concentrations, respectively. Assuming that subunit interaction causes the cooperativity effect, the sets express the performance of soluble GDH's two subunits in two states of mutual interaction. From fitting the experimental data for several sugars with this equation, it appeared that their V1 values were similar, although their K1 values varied considerably. This showed that the cooperativity effect dramatically changes the performance of soluble GDH, as reflected by the V2 and K2 values for glucose (in phosphate buffer) being about 10-fold and 100-fold higher than the V1 and K1 values, respectively. Substituting the Ca2+ involved in activation of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in soluble GDH by Sr2+ affected the cooperativity effect (an increase of the K1 value) but not the two turnover rates of the hybrid enzyme for glucose. The data suggest that the two catalytic cycles of soluble GDH have different rate-limiting steps compared with that of PQQ-containing methanol dehydrogenase.
Travel Ontology for Intelligent Recommendation System (2009)

Nowadays, travel information is increasing to appeal the tourists on the web. Although there are numerous information provided on the web, the user gets puzzled in finding accurate information. In order to solve these web problems, the concept of semantic web comes into existence to have communication between human and computer.In this paper, we propose intelligent recommendation system based on Jeju travel ontology. The proposed system can recommend the tourist more intelligent information using properties, relationships of travel ontology. Next, the system is responsible for finding personalized attractions and plotting location of traveler on the AlMap.
1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an Endogenous Neurotoxic Compound, Disturbs the Behavioral and Biochemical Effects of l-DOPA: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies in the Rat (2014)

Environmental factors and endogenously produced toxins, such as 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ), are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the impact of single and multiple 1BnTIQ (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) administration on L-DOPA-induced changes in the rate of dopamine and serotonin metabolism in the rat brain. Additionally, using in vivo microdialysis, we measured the impact of acute and multiple 1BnTIQ administrations on L-DOPA-induced dopamine release in the striatum. These data were compared with results from behavioral tests in which we measured the effect of 1BnTIQ and L-DOPA on locomotor activity. Finally, we determined the effect of the repeated administration of 1BnTIQ on the L-DOPA-induced elevation of caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. An ex vivo neurochemical study indicated that both acute and chronic 1BnTIQ injections strongly inhibited L-DOPA-induced increases in the concentration of dopamine and all of its metabolites in dopaminergic structures. In contrast, in vivo microdialysis studies suggested that the differences in 1BnTIQ's effects are dependent on the type of treatment. A single dose of 1BnTIQ intensified the elevation of dopamine release induced by L-DOPA administration (~1,300 %; P < 0.01), while multiple administrations of 1BnTIQ significantly enhanced the basal dopamine levels while partially diminishing the effects of L-DOPA injection (~200 %; P < 0.01). Additionally, we found that chronic administration of 1BnTIQ completely blocked the L-DOPA-induced increase in caspase-3 activity in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that both acute and chronic administrations of 1BnTIQ disturbs the behavioral and biochemical effects of L-DOPA in the rat. The data presented from ex vivo and in vivo studies clearly suggest that 1BnTIQ's effects may be connected with the inhibition of DAT and/or COMT activity in the brain. Furthermore, elevated endogenous levels of 1BnTIQ may pose a serious risk in PD patients undergoing L-DOPA therapy.
The Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Nitro Compounds<sup>1,2</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Nitro Compounds1,2Donald T. Warner and Owen A. MoeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 4, 1064–1066Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01124a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01124a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Design and Analysis of Luneburg and Half Maxwell Fish-Eye Lens Antennas (2008)

The design and performances is described of half Maxwell fish-eye (HMFE) and Luneburg lens antennas. Techniques to estimate the gradient index lens weights are first proposed and compared to measurements. Thanks to an analytical method based on spherical modal expansion, the radiation performances of Luneburg and HMFE lens antennas are then quantified and compared. The effects of the shell number, the lens diameter and the air gaps on the lens antenna directivity are investigated. Finally, a minmax optimized 9-shell 60 mm-diameter HMFE lens antenna is characterized at both 77 GHz and 110 GHz for on- and off- axis configurations to show its frequency behavior, focalization and beam scanning properties.
Identification of a Family of Avirulence Genes from<i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i>pv.<i>oryzae</i> (1992)

Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, interact with cultivars of rice in a gene-for-gene specific manner. Multiple DNA fragments of various sizes from all strains of X. o. pv. oryzae hybridized with avrBs3, an avirulence gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, in Southern blots; this suggests the presence of several homologs and possibly a gene family. A genomic library of a race 2 strain of X. o. pv. oryzae, which is avirulent on rice cultivars carrying resistance genes xa-5, Xa-7, and Xa-10, was constructed. Six library clones, which hybridized to avrBs3, altered the interaction phenotype with rice cultivars carrying either xa-5, Xa-7, or Xa-10 when present in a virulent race 6 strain. Two avirulence genes, avrXa7 and avrXa10, which correspond to resistance genes Xa-7 and Xa-10, respectively, were identified and partially characterized from the hybridizing clones. On the basis of transposon insertion mutagenesis, sequence homology, restriction mapping, and the presence of a repeated sequence, both genes are homologs of avirulence genes from dicot xanthomonad pathogens. Two BamHI fragments that are homologous to avrBs3 and correspond to avrXa7 and avrXa10 contain a different number of copies of a 102-bp direct repeat. The DNA sequence of avrXa10 is nearly identical to avrBs3. We suggest that avrXa7 and avrXa10 are members of an avirulence gene family from xanthomonads that control the elicitation of resistance in mono- and dicotyledonous plants.
Common channel signaling in the AT&T US 5ESS switch (1992)

A brief history of the evolution that has led to the development of Signaling System No.7 (SS7) capabilities on the 5ESS switch is presented, and the hardware and software components that provide the SS7 functionality for the 5ESS switch are described. Specifically, the functionality provided by the Common Network Interface (CNI) ring, which has been used on several AT&T SS7 products is discussed. The 5ESS switch-specific common channel signaling (CCS) transport software (which is responsible for the transport of SS7 messages among 5ESS switch processing elements), the user interfaces (which provide customer administration of switch data, color display of status information, reports on the state of the SS7 network, and the tests to verify message routing through the network), and message routing itself are discussed. The SS7 ISDN user part (ISUP) and transaction capabilities application (TCAP) functionalities implemented in 5ESS switch software are described in terms of how they fit into the 5ESS switch architecture. SS7 call handling capacities and the ways in which reliability challenges are met are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polymorphic human specific <i>Alu</i> insertions as markers for human identification (1995)

Alu sequences represent the largest family of short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) in humans with 500 000 copies per genome. Recently, one Alu subfamily was found to be human specific (HS). We originally described the use of polymorphis HS Alu insertions as a tool in population studies and recently as tools in DNA fingerprinting and forensic analysis. In this report, we will use this simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) base technique for the detection of HS Alu insertion polymorphisms. We will test the resolving power of this DNA profiling approach in both population genetics and paternity assessment. At the population level, we will describe the genotypic distribution of five polymorphic Alu insertions among 3 populations from the American continent, one of African origin, the other two Amerindians. Insight into their relationships will be provided. At the family level, we will examine one European American family of seven individuals and the same pedigree will also be characterized by way of the two systems currently and widely used to ascertain paternity: PCR-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (PCR-SSO) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules, and a standard RFLP protocol used in forensic casework and paternity studies. The importance and strengths of the methods as well as its perspectives for future use in filiation studies will be evaluated.
A quality assurance phantom for the performance evaluation of volumetric micro-CT systems (2007)

Small-animal imaging has recently become an area of increased interest because more human diseases can be modeled in transgenic and knockout rodents. As a result, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) systems are becoming more common in research laboratories, due to their ability to achieve spatial resolution as high as 10 microm, giving highly detailed anatomical information. Most recently, a volumetric cone-beam micro-CT system using a flat-panel detector (eXplore Ultra, GE Healthcare, London, ON) has been developed that combines the high resolution of micro-CT and the fast scanning speed of clinical CT, so that dynamic perfusion imaging can be performed in mice and rats, providing functional physiological information in addition to anatomical information. This and other commercially available micro-CT systems all promise to deliver precise and accurate high-resolution measurements in small animals. However, no comprehensive quality assurance phantom has been developed to evaluate the performance of these micro-CT systems on a routine basis. We have designed and fabricated a single comprehensive device for the purpose of performance evaluation of micro-CT systems. This quality assurance phantom was applied to assess multiple image-quality parameters of a current flat-panel cone-beam micro-CT system accurately and quantitatively, in terms of spatial resolution, geometric accuracy, CT number accuracy, linearity, noise and image uniformity. Our investigations show that 3D images can be obtained with a limiting spatial resolution of 2.5 mm(-1) and noise of +/-35 HU, using an acquisition interval of 8 s at an entrance dose of 6.4 cGy.
Interactive effects of resource availabilities and defoliation on photosynthesis, growth, and mortality of red oak seedlings (1990)

Responses of forest trees to defoliation by insects such as gypsy moth vary greatly from site to site and from individual to individual. To determine whether some of this variation could be explained by variation in other stress factors, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings were exposed to low and high light, water, mineral nutrient, and defoliation treatments, in a complete factorial design in a greenhouse. Significant interactions were observed among factors for photosynthesis, growth, and mortality, indicating that the response to defoliation was influenced by other stresses. Defoliation increased the photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area of seedlings grown in the low-water, but not in the high-water, regime. In response to defoliation, growth of seedlings in a low-mineral-nutrient, or low-light, regime was depressed less than that of seedlings grown in a high-mineral-nutrient, or high-light, regime. However, defoliation resulted in a similar percent reduction in biomass in all seedlings in both the high and the low light, water, and mineral nutrient treatments. Defoliation-induced mortality of shaded plants was twice that of plants grown in full sun.