gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric stereo extension of ITU-T G.722 based on a new downmixing scheme (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel, frequency-domain stereo to mono downmixing, which preserves the energy of spectral components and avoids setting the left or right channel as a phase reference. Based on this downmixing technique, a parametric stereo analysis-synthesis model is described in which subband stereo parameters consist of interchannel level differences and phase differences between the mono signal and one of the stereo channels (left or right). This model is applied to the stereo extension of ITU-T G.722 at 56+8 and 64+16 kbit/s with a frame length of 5 ms. AB test results are provided to assess the quality of the proposed downmixing technique. In addition, the quality of the proposed G.722-based stereo coder is compared against reference coders (G.722.1 at 24 and 32 kbit/s dual mono and G.722 at 64 kbit/s dual mono) for clean speech, noisy speech and music.
Associative information access using DualNAVI (2002)

DualNAVI is an information retrieval system which provides users with rich interaction both in document space and in word space. Its dual view interface always returns the retrieved results in two views: a list of titles for document space and "Topic Word Graph" for word space. They are lightly coupled with their cross-reference relation, and inspire users for further interaction. DualNAVI supports two kinds of search facilities, document associative search and keyword associative search, both of them are similarity based search from given items as a query. The dual view provides a natural interface to invoke these two search functions. The associative calculation for measuring similarity among documents or words is the computational basis of the effective information access with DualNAVI. The two-stage approach in the associative search is the key to the efficiency of DualNAVI. It also facilitates content-based correlation among databases which are maintained independently and distributively.
Assessment of automatic ligand building in<i>ARP</i>/<i>wARP</i> (2006)

The efficiency of the ligand-building module of ARP/wARP version 6.1 has been assessed through extensive tests on a large variety of protein-ligand complexes from the PDB, as available from the Uppsala Electron Density Server. Ligand building in ARP/wARP involves two main steps: automatic identification of the location of the ligand and the actual construction of its atomic model. The first step is most successful for large ligands. The second step, ligand construction, is more powerful with X-ray data at high resolution and ligands of small to medium size. Both steps are successful for ligands with low to moderate atomic displacement parameters. The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of both the method of ligand building and the large-scale validation procedure and help to identify means of further improvement.
Conjugates of Group A and W135 Capsular Polysaccharides of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Bound to Recombinant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Enterotoxin C1: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Immunological Properties in Mice (2005)

Neisseria meningitidis groups A (GAM) and W135 capsular polysaccharides (CPs) were bound to recombinant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1 (rSEC). The CPs were activated with 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate and then bound to adipic acid dihydrazide derivatives of rSEC. Syntheses were conducted with native GAM CP (GAMP), W135 CP (W135P), and ultrasonicated or hydrazine-treated W135P at various concentrations of reactants, pHs, and ionic strengths. The conjugates were characterized by compositional and serologic analyses, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering detection, and immunogenicity in 5- to 6-week-old mice. Conjugates injected subcutaneously in phosphate-buffered saline elicited immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against their respective CPs and rSEC, whereas GAMP and W135P alone did not induce detectable CP antibodies. The O-acetyl content of W135P was low, and its removal had no adverse effect upon the conjugate's immunogenicity. Reduction of the molecular size of W135P by treatment with hydrazine improved the immunogenicity of W135P-rSEC. IgG anti-CP elicited by the conjugates showed complement-dependent bactericidal activity against their respective organisms, and IgG anti-rSEC neutralized the T-cell proliferative activity of native SEC. A bivalent formulation of GAMP-rSEC and W135P-rSEC elicited IgG anti-CP at comparable levels to those induced by the conjugates administered separately.
Sensor fusion for improved vision based lane recognition and object tracking with range-finders (2002)

Lane recognition based on computer vision and autonomous intelligent cruise control (AICC) using range-finders like infrared laser or radar were developed independently in the past. Both systems are now close to market. Nevertheless, they still have problems at larger look ahead distances which cannot be solved by computer vision or AICC sensors solely. Their combination, however, allows to improve both functions at the same time. Simple attempts to do this proved not to be satisfying. This paper presents a sensor fusion approach using Kalman filter that exploits the available sensory information in an optimal manner. The potential found in theoretical investigations has been confirmed by successful practical tests.
Computing a sparse Jacobian matrix by rows and columns (1998)

Abstract Efficient estimation of large sparse Jacobian matrices has been studied extensively in the last couple of years. It has been observed that the estimation of Jacobian matrix can be posed as a graph coloring problem. Elements of the matrix are estimated by taking divided difference in several directions corresponding to a group of structurally independent columns. Another possibility is to obtain the nonzero elements by means of the so called Automatic differentiation, which gives the estimates free of truncation error that one encounters in a divided difference scheme. In this paper we show that it is possible to exploit sparsity both in columns and rows by employing the forward and the reverse mode of Automatic differentiation. A graph-theoretic characterization of the problem is given. Keywords: ADforward and reverse modenonlinear optimizationnumerical differencessparsity ∗Shahadat.Hossain@ii.uib.no †Trond.Steihaug@ii.uib.no ∗Shahadat.Hossain@ii.uib.no †Trond.Steihaug@ii.uib.no Notes ∗Shahadat.Hossain@ii.uib.no †Trond.Steihaug@ii.uib.no
Urinary steroid concentrations during natural and gonadotrophin-induced oestrus and pregnancy in the giant panda ( <i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i> ) (1988)

Urinary concentrations of conjugated oestrone and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide were measured during and after spontaneous and induced oestrus and during pregnancy. Behavioural oestrus was preceded by a rise in oestrone values from less than 10 ng/mg creatinine (Cr) to peaks of 45 ng/mg Cr. Maximal lordotic response and mating activity coincided with the decline in oestrone levels. After presumed ovulation, urinary pregnanediol glucuronide concentrations increased from less than 5 to 15-30 ng/mg Cr. Further increases in this steroid (to 60-80 ng/mg Cr) occurred 114 days after mating, presumably coincident with implantation. These high levels of pregnanediol glucuronide were maintained for 3 weeks, began to decline 1 week before parturition and fell to a nadir (less than 5 ng/mg Cr) immediately after delivery. When FSH was administered i.m. for 5 days, urinary oestrone values rose markedly and were maximal (580 ng/mg Cr) on Day 7. Mating first occurred on Day 20 and 500 i.u. hCG were given i.m. Urinary pregnanediol glucuronide levels during the next 5 months were similar to those in the previous year during pregnancy with values rising 105-108 days after mating. However, no birth occurred. These results support the suggestion that pandas exhibit delayed implantation and demonstrate that the panda is responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins.
Nutraceutical Activity in Osteoarthritis Biology: A Focus on the Nutrigenomic Role (2020)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease associated to age or conditions that precipitate aging of articular cartilage, a post-mitotic tissue that remains functional until the failure of major homeostatic mechanisms. OA severely impacts the national health system costs and patients' quality of life because of pain and disability. It is a whole-joint disease sustained by inflammatory and oxidative signaling pathways and marked epigenetic changes responsible for catabolism of the cartilage extracellular matrix. OA usually progresses until its severity requires joint arthroplasty. To delay this progression and to improve symptoms, a wide range of naturally derived compounds have been proposed and are summarized in this review. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have provided proof of principle that many of these nutraceuticals are able to exert pleiotropic and synergistic effects and effectively counteract OA pathogenesis by exerting both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by tuning major OA-related signaling pathways. The latter are the basis for the nutrigenomic role played by some of these compounds, given the marked changes in the transcriptome, miRNome, and methylome. Ongoing and future clinical trials will hopefully confirm the disease-modifying ability of these bioactive molecules in OA patients.
Cyclization of Phenacyl 2-{[2,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]amino}benzoate (1998)

Reaction of phenacyl anthranilate ( 1 ) with diethyl (ethoxymethylidene)malonate afforded phenacyl 2-{[2,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]amino}benzoate ( 2 ) which on heating in polyphosphoric acid underwent degradation. Thermal cyclization of 2 in diphenyl ether gave phenacyl 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-8-carboxylate ( 4 ). The phenacyl group did not cyclize even on prolonged heating at 250 °C. Heating in sulfuric acid resulted in hydrolysis of the ethyl ester under formation of 4-oxo-8-[(phenacyloxy)carbonyl]-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ( 6 ). The structure of 4 was confirmed by an independent synthesis.
MEDTAG: tag-like semantics for medical document indexing. (1999)

Medical documentation is central in health care, as it constitutes the main means of communication between care providers. However, there is a gap to bridge between storing information and extracting the relevant underlying knowledge. We believe natural language processing (NLP) is the best solution to handle such a large amount of textual information. In this paper we describe the construction of a semantic tagset for medical document indexing purposes. Rather than attempting to produce a home-made tagset, we decided to use, as far as possible, standard medicine resources. This step has led us to choose UMLS hierarchical classes as a basis for our tagset. We also show that semantic tagging is not only providing bases for disambiguisation between senses, but is also useful in the query expansion process of the retrieval system. We finally focus on assessing the results of the semantic tagger.
논문 : OECD 회원국들의 농업지식체계 ( AKS ) 동향과 전망 (2000)

During the last 10 year period, OECD member countries were in a trend of `less government` from `more government`, thus resulted in restructuring and reducing staffs in government agricultural institutions including the Agricultural Knowledge System. In recognizing the crisis of `less government`, member countries were in a trend of paradigm shift to the `better government`. In producing and transferring agricultural information, member countries are more concerned about consumers as well as producers as the target of good quality services of the `better government`. The general consensus of member countries identified the importance of food safety and environmental protection as new agendas for the 21st century. Agricultural Knowledge Systems (AKS) in OECD member countries were in a trend of reorganization in addressing food safety, and agriculture / environmental issues. The approaches, functions and responsibilities were diversified to multi-governmental institutions from the ministry of agriculture. Thus the importance of institutional cooperation and coordination were emphasized more in the newly changed AKS paradigms. The objectives, functions and approaches of AKS in OECD member countries as well as in Korea will be directed to emphasize the importance of environment, sustainable agriculture, food safety, and rural development. They will also focus on establishing mutual cooperative systems among policy makers, consumes, non-governmental organizations, and agri-related organizations as necessary for sustainable development in the future.
A Comparison of the Thoracolumbosacral Orthoses and Providence Orthosis in the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2007)

Using the new SRS bracing criteria, the Providence orthosis was more effective for avoiding surgery and preventing curve progression when the primary initial curves at bracing was 35 degrees or less. However, the overall success of orthotic management for AIS in both groups was inferior to previous studies. Our results raise the question of the effectiveness of orthotic management in AIS and support the need for a multicenter, randomized study using these new criteria.
Microtubule Dynamics And Kinetochore Function In Mitosis (1988)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Communication behaviour in international engineering projects: An empirical and comparative study between South Africa and China (2010)

In the past, researchers have pointed out that project management is not universal but culturally sensitive. Researchers and practitioners have realized that developing scheduling techniques is not sufficient to achieve successful engineering projects. Communication behaviour is also a critical cultural issue for achieving project success. In this article, the communication behaviour of Chinese project managers is assessed in a cultural context and the communication behaviour effect on five project activities (project communication, negotiation, conflict solving, contract process and team building) is studied. This is an empirical study using surveys to explore the cultural differences between Chinese and South African engineering project managers on communication behaviour and the effects on the five project management activities in construction industry. Although, the questionnaire is designed based on Chinese culture, South African project managers have also been asked to participate in order to illustrate the differences where applicable. There are significant differences between the Chinese and South African project managers in their communication behaviour on three project activities. However, during the contract process, there seems to be no significant difference between their communication behaviours.
Nanostructuring of surfaces for optical and visual security applications using lithography techniques (2006)

Nowadays, the use of micro- or nano-patterned surfaces is well established in wide fields of science and in numerous applications in the industry. Periodic surface-relief profiles with dimensions in the wavelength range of the light can act as diffractive optical elements but moreover, the regular pattern can also modify physical properties of a material’s surface. In this dissertation, we focus on the patterning of surfaces by lithography techniques. The useful structured areas are several square centimeters (4-100cm2) large and the dimensions of the -periodic surface-relief structures are in the range of hundreds of nanometers to micrometers (= 160nm - 10m). We present different lithographic methods, in particular interference lithography, to originate the structures in photoresist. We introduce novel setups for multiple beam interference, interference in dense media and sequentially exposures with controlled phaseshift. A way to realize arbitrarily profiles is to use the Fourier Synthesis (FS). The desired profile is decomposed in a series of sinusoidal functions having a determined amplitude, phase and harmonic number, which is an integer number of the base period of the desired structure. The sum of these sinusoidal functions, aka Fourier components, gives an approximation of the desired profile. Thus, the more components are added, the better becomes the approximation. But what happens when the harmonic number is not exactly an integer? Through the dissertation, we cover all the aspects, theoretical as well as practical, of the FS. We present a setup that allows to expose sequentially Fourier components and demonstrate the potential of the FS technology by three examples. These consist in saw-tooth profiles, micro-prisms and a fan-out function profile. The profiles were realized with ten Fourier components with structure’s period between 1.8m and 4.7m. We investigate also one- as well as two- dimensionally profiles for Optically Variable Devices (OVDs) for visual security against counterfeiting, which exhibit interesting color and polarization properties. Part of them was realized by using the moiré phenomenon.
Light microscopic and ultrastructural distribution of type VI collagen in human liver: alterations in chronic biliary disease (1992)

We have investigated the distribution of type VI collagen in normal human liver obtained from cadaveric renal transplant donors, using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for light microscopic visualization, and an immunogold labelling method for ultrastructural localization. The distribution was compared with that of the more abundant interstitial collagen type III, using antibodies to amino terminal procollagen type III. Staining for type VI collagen was identified in Glisson's capsule, in portal tract stroma and within the space of Disse. Perisinusoidal staining showed intra-acinar heterogeneity with the intensity in acinar zones 2 and 3 being greater than in zone 1. Type III collagen was also found in the space of Disse although no significant intra-acinar variation in staining intensity was noted. Immuno-gold labelling for type VI collagen was demonstrated on amorphous or microfilamentous material lying between, and occasionally appearing to interconnect, cross-striated collagen fibrils, whereas labelling for amino terminal procollagen type III was exclusively on fibrils. Intracellular staining for type VI collagen was noted in perisinusoidal (lto) cells. These results confirm that type VI collagen is a ubiquitous constituent of the normal hepatic extracellular matrix and suggest that it may be synthesized by perisinusoidal (lto) cells. The distribution of type VI collagen was also studied in biopsy material from patients with different histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis. Intense staining was noted around proliferating bile ductules within developing fibrous septa and in established septa of cirrhotic liver. These observations indicate that this 'minor' matrix component may play an important role in hepatic fibrogenesis.
Development of bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn superconducting wires for high field magnets (2002)

High performance bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn superconducting wires are desired to realize a compact, easy to operate high field magnet system. To meet the requirements, we carried out an investigation to increase Sn concentration in the bronze to improve the critical current density, and performed a trial manufacture of a newly designed wire to raise the tensile strength. Our findings indicated that a high critical current density of 135 A/mm/sup 2/ at 20 T, 4.2 K could be obtained by increasing the Sn concentration in the bronze to 16 wt%. In addition, a high strength bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wire reinforced with composite filaments incorporating Th exhibiting a high 0.2% proof stress of near 300 MPa and adequate overall J/sub cs/ at 4.2 K, was developed.
Integration of Self-Assembled Redox Molecules in Flash Memory Devices (2011)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of either ferrocenecarboxylic acid or 5-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin-Co(II) (CoP) with a high- dielectric were integrated into the Flash memory gate stack. The molecular reduction-oxidation (redox) states are used as charge storage nodes to reduce charging energy and memory window variations. Through the program/erase operations over tunneling barriers, the device structure also provides a unique capability to measure the redox energy without strong orbital hybridization of metal electrodes in direct contact. Asymmetric charge injection behavior was observed, which can be attributed to the Fermi-level pinning between the molecules and the high- dielectric. With increasing redox molecule density in the SAM, the memory window exhibits a saturation trend. Three programmable molecular orbital states, i.e., CoP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> , CoP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-</sup> , and CoP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-</sup> , can be experimentally observed through a charge-based nonvolatile memory structure at room temperature. The electrostatics is determined by the alignment between the highest occupied or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO or LUMO, respectively) energy levels and the charge neutrality level of the surrounding dielectric. Engineering the HOMO-LUMO gap with different redox molecules can potentially realize a multibit memory cell with less variation.
Automatic bug triage using text categorization. (2004)

Bug triage, deciding what to do with an incoming bug report, is taking up increasing amount of developer resources in large open-source projects. In this paper, we propose to apply machine learning techniques to assist in bug triage by using text categorization to predict the developer that should work on the bug based on the bug’s description. We demonstrate our approach on a collection of 15,859 bug reports from a large open-source project. Our evaluation shows that our prototype, using supervised Bayesian learning, can correctly predict 30 % of the report assignments to developers. 1
High voltage vacuum insulation: new horizons (2003)

It is well established that the insulating capability of a high-voltage (HV) vacuum gap is ultimately limited by electrode surface processes and, in particular, by the field-induced emission of electrons from anomalous microscopic 'sites' that occur randomly on an electrode surface. The author reviews the fundamental studies that have led to an understanding of this phenomenon. Issues discussed are the location and identification of electron emission sites, the emission characteristics of sites, and the emission mechanism. The author concludes with a discussion of the technological implications of his knowledge, particularly in relation to the many emerging applications associated with the development of space-based power systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvement of 8-arm maze performance in aged fischer 344 rats with 3,4-diaminopyridine (1983)

Short-term memory of a spatial task by male Fischer 344 rats at 3, 12, and 24 months of age was examined in a radial 8-arm maze. Performance by 24 month old rats was significantly poorer than that of 3 or 12 month old rats. 3,4-Diaminopyridine (1000 pmole/kg), a compound that stimulates acetylcholine release, significantly improved 8-arm maze performance by 24 month old rats. Thus, an age-related deficit in short-term memory for a spatial task can be ameliorated by a compound that stimulates acetylcholine release.