gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ANSI and IEC 909 short-circuit current calculation procedures (1993)

A generalization of the methods used by both ANSI and IEC 909 is presented. The philosophical differences in calculation procedures are discussed. Although ANSI fault calculation methods are designed to determine a value to compare with the equipment ratings, the IEC 909 Standard presents a method that inherently more accurately models the fault currents that flow. The IEC method requires significantly more complex modeling of the power system fault contributions than the ANSI method requires. By understanding the calculation differences, the difference in equipment ratings becomes more meaningful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Universality of 2-qudit ternary reversible gates (2006)

In this paper, we investigate the synthesis of ternary reversible circuits in the absence of ancilla bits. We demonstrated that 2-qudit ternary Swap, NOT and 1-controlled-NOT gates are universal for realization of arbitrary ternary n-qudit reversible circuits without ancilla qudits, and all even ternary n-qudit reversible circuits can be constructed by ternary NOT and ternary 1-controlled-NOT gates without ancilla qudits. The realization approach is constructive. This result is significantly different from the binary case.
Antenna Configurations for 4x4 MIMO in LTE - Field Measurements (2010)

The 3GPP LTE standard for mobile broadband includes multi-antenna transmission modes that improve performance, both in terms of coverage, spectral efficiency and peak throughput. The antenna system design, both at the eNB and at the UE is critical to a well performing system; it should be designed with the intended performance profile in mind. Field trials were performed in order to investigate the relative performance of several four and two transmit antenna setups in an LTE system. In general, multi-antenna technology gave substantial performance gains over single antenna transmission. A closely spaced co-polarized configuration gave the best performance for users with poor channel quality while dual-polarized and well-spaced antenna configurations gave better performance for users with good channel quality. The trial also shows that UE antenna polarization is an important parameter that must be kept in mind when designing the eNB antenna system.
Effect of pH on the Pore Forming Activity and Conformational Stability of Ostreolysin, a Lipid Raft-Binding Protein from the Edible Mushroom<i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i><sup>,</sup> (2005)

Ostreolysin, a pore-forming protein from the edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), is a member of the aegerolysin protein family, a novel group of small acidic proteins found in bacteria, molds, mushrooms, and plants. It binds to lipid rafts and interacts specifically with cholesterol-rich lipid domains. In this study, ostreolysin was classified as a single-domain all-beta-structured protein on the basis of cDNA sequencing. pH-induced and thermally induced unfolding of ostreolysin was studied by means of CD, UV absorption, and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence to characterize conformational transitions associated with its functional properties, i.e., binding to lipid membranes, pore forming activity on lipid vesicles, and hemolysis. At 25 degrees C and between pH 6 and 9, ostreolysin adopted a monomeric and thermodynamically stable nativelike conformation, characterized by rigid tertiary structure and predominantly beta-sheet secondary structure. Between pH 2 and 3, the protein underwent an irreversible transition to a partially unfolded, molten globule-like state which bound ANS, and exhibited disrupted tertiary structure and enhanced non-native alpha-helical structure. Functional studies showed that, unlike colicins and some other bacterial pore-forming toxins, the acid-induced molten globule-like state of ostreolysin is not relevant for lipid binding and pore formation. Instead, the compact native state was necessary for binding to cholesterol/sphingomyelin multilamellar vesicles, optimally in the pH range from 6 to 7, and for pore formation and hemolysis, maximally between pH 7 and 8.
Continuous Flow Synthesis. A Pharma Perspective (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTContinuous Flow Synthesis. A Pharma PerspectiveLaia Malet-Sanz*† and Flavien Susanne‡View Author Information‡ †World-Wide Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Development API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K.*Phone: +44 (0) 1622 299 757. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 9, 4062–4098Publication Date (Web):January 27, 2012Publication History Received16 May 2011Published online27 February 2012Published inissue 10 May 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm2006029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm2006029review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12372Altmetric-Citations337LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Fluid dynamics,Microreactors,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Role of the cytoskeleton in cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (1994)

We previously observed that when human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T lymphocytes are added to epithelial cells, they adhere, polarize, and secrete virions unidirectionally onto the epithelium. Epithelial cells subsequently take up virus and become productively infected. We report here that colchicine treatment of T-lymphocyte suspensions induced lymphocyte polarization, redistribution of F-actin into a pseudopod, and secretion of HIV from the pseudopod. Immobilization of T lymphocytes on negatively charged plastic also caused redistribution of F-actin and unidirectional secretion of HIV onto the plastic. As neither colchicine nor adhesion caused an increase in HIV secretion, they apparently act by focusing secretion to the tip of the pseudopod. We speculate that adhesion-induced polar secretion of HIV, from activated mononuclear cells onto epithelia, is a cytoskeleton-mediated process which may be involved in HIV transmission in vivo.
Measurement of Electromagnetic Properties of Lightning with 10 Nanosecond Resolution (1980)

Electromagnetic data recorded from lightning strikes are presented. The data analysis reveals general characteristics of fast electromagnetic fields measured at the ground including rise times, amplitudes, and time patterns. A look at the electromagnetic structure of lightning shows that the shortest rise times in the vicinity of 30 ns are associated with leader leader streamers. Lightning location is based on electromagnetic field characteristics and is compared to a nearby sky camera. The fields from both leaders and return strokes were measured and are discussed. The data were obtained during 1978 and 1979 from lightning strikes occuring within 5 kilometers of an underground metal instrumentation room located on South Baldy peak near Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico. The computer controlled instrumentation consisted of sensors previously used for measuring the nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and analog-digital recorders with 10 ns sampling, 256 levels of resolution, and 2 kilobytes of internal memory.
Evidence for Symplastic Phloem Unloading in Sink Leaves of Barley (2001)

The pathway of phloem unloading in sink barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves was studied using a combination of electron microscopy, carboxyfluorescein transport, and systemic movement of barley stripe mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein. Studies of plasmodesmatal frequencies between the phloem and mesophyll indicated a symplastic sieve element- (SE) unloading pathway involving thick-walled and thin-walled SEs. Phloem-translocated carboxyfluorescein was unloaded rapidly from major longitudinal veins and entered the mesophyll cells of sink leaves. Unloading was "patchy" along the length of a vein, indicating that sieve element unloading may be discontinuous along a single vascular bundle. This pattern was mirrored precisely by the unloading of barley stripe mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein. Transverse veins were not utilized in the unloading process. The data collectively indicate a symplastic mechanism of SE unloading in the sink barley leaf.
Fine tuning of the properties of organically modified heteropolymetalates (1997)

Keggin-type" organically modified oxopolymetalates of formula [R]4[SiW11O40(SiR')2], (R=Bu4N+, R' = -C2H5, -C10H21, -CH=CH2, -CH2CH=CH2, -OH, -C6H5, -C10H7, -C6H4NH2 (o, p), -C6H4NMe2 (p), -C6H4CH=CH2, -C6H4CF3, -C6H4CH=CHC6H5) were synthesized. The oxide core presented reversible redox properties which were tuned by the choice of the organic modifier. Parallel variations of the 183W NMR chemical shifts were measured and both effects might be related to the electronic donor-acceptor properties of the organic radical. The magnitudes of these effects are compared with those coming from the electrolyte itself.
9-Phenyl-10-methylacridinium:  A Highly Efficient and Reusable Organocatalyst for Mild Aromatization of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by Molecular Oxygen (2007)

The mild, efficient, and general aerobic aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines was realized at room temperature with 5 mol % of 9-phenyl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate as the photocatalyst, which could be easily recovered and reused.
N-Acetylsphingosine (C2--ceramide) Inhibited Neutrophil Superoxide Formation and Calcium Influx (1995)

Ceramide, a product arising from sphingomyelinase activity, has been shown to act as an intracellular second messenger in effecting growth inhibition, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present study, the relative effects of cell-permeable ceramides, N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide) and N-hexanoylsphingosine (C6-ceramide), on neutrophil responses were measured. When cells were activated with fMet-Leu-Phe, C2-ceramide both potentiated (< 1 microM) and inhibited (> 1 microM) superoxide generation. C2- and C6-ceramide inhibited phorbol ester-induced superoxide release from neutrophils at IC50 values of 5 and 120 microM, respectively. C2-ceramide had no effect on semipurified protein kinase C activity. Neither ceramide affected significantly the general level of phosphorylated proteins in phorbol ester-treated cells. C2-ceramide (1-20 microM) alone did not change cytosolic free Ca2+ levels but inhibited Ca2+ and Mn2+ influx in fMet-Leu-Phe-activated neutrophils. In contrast, sphingosine enhanced Ca2+ entry; thus, ceramide conversion to sphingosine was not significant. Unlike C2-ceramide, C2-dihydroceramide failed to block superoxide generation or Ca2+ influx. Preincubation of cells with 10 nM okadaic acid reversed slightly the effects of C2-ceramide. Calyculin A, tautomycin, and much higher concentrations of okadaic acid inhibited agonist-induced Ca2+ influx. We postulate that C2-ceramide may inhibit neutrophil superoxide release by activation of type 2A protein phosphatases. Results suggest that protein phosphatase type 1 up-regulates Ca2+ entry, whereas type 2A (or a ceramide-activated subtype) forestalls Ca2+ entry by inactivating a calcium influx factor.
Fabrication of high-mechanical-resistance Bragg gratings in single-mode optical fibers with continuous-wave ultraviolet laser side exposure (1998)

The mechanical resistance of single-mode fibers containing fiber Bragg gratings inscribed with cw UV laser irradiation is almost identical to that of pristine fiber. The median breaking strength of the gratings' Weibull distribution is more than 5 GPa, and the m value is of the order of 70. Based on a dynamic fatigue model, a Bragg grating lifetime of 50 years with a failure probability of 0.001 is predicted, assuming a constant applied stress of 0.96 GPa.
Low‐Temperature CO Oxidation over a Ternary Oxide Catalyst with High Resistance to Hydrocarbon Inhibition (2015)

Abstract Platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts are the current standard for control of pollutants in automotive exhaust streams. Aside from their high cost, PGM catalysts struggle with CO oxidation at low temperatures (<200 °C) due to inhibition by hydrocarbons in exhaust streams. Here we present a ternary mixed oxide catalyst composed of copper oxide, cobalt oxide, and ceria (dubbed CCC) that outperforms synthesized and commercial PGM catalysts for CO oxidation in simulated exhaust streams while showing no signs of inhibition by propene. Diffuse reflectance IR (DRIFTS) and light‐off data both indicate low interaction between propene and the CO oxidation active site on this catalyst, and a separation of adsorption sites is proposed as the cause of this inhibition resistance. This catalyst shows great potential as a low‐cost component for low temperature exhaust streams that are expected to be a characteristic of future automotive systems.
Oral liarozole in the treatment of patients with moderate/severe lamellar ichthyosis: results of a randomized, double‐blind, multinational, placebo‐controlled phase <scp>II</scp> / <scp>III</scp> trial (2013)

The primary efficacy variable did not reach statistical significance, possibly owing to the small sample size following premature termination. However, once-daily oral liarozole, 75 and 150 mg, improved scaling and DLQI and was well tolerated in patients with moderate/severe lamellar ichthyosis.
Multi-factor Authentication Framework for Cloud Computing (2013)

Cloud computing is a new paradigm to deliver services over the Internet. Data Security is the most critical issues in a cloud computing environment. Authentication is a key technology for information security, which is a mechanism to establish proof of identities to get access of information in the system. Traditional password authentication does not provide enough security for information in cloud computing environment to the most modern means of attacks. In this paper, we propose a new multi-factor authentication framework for cloud computing. The proposed framework provides a feasible and a most efficient mechanism which can closely integrate with the traditional authentication system.The proposed framework is verified by developing Cloud Access Management (CAM) system which authenticates the user based on multiple factors. Also using secret-splitting and encrypted value of arithmetic captcha is innovative factor for user authentication for cloud computing environment. Prototype model for cloud computing own cloud server is implemented using open sources technology. The proposed framework shows the close agreement with the standard criteria for security.
Efficient simulation of multicarrier digital communication systems in nonlinear channel environments (1993)

When simulating multicarrier digital communication systems operating over nonlinear channels, the required high sampling rate contributes significantly to long execution times. A new method that reduces the sampling rate of simulations of such systems is developed. The partial rate of products (ParSOP) method reduces the sampling rate by generating only the intermodulation products that lie in a frequency band of interest. The ParSOP method requires that the bandpass nonlinearity be represented by memoryless operations on the complex envelope of the signal and that the subcarriers constituting the frequency-division multiplexed signal are sufficiently separated to prevent significant adjacent channel interference. Simulation results for such systems show that an order of magnitude reduction in the sampling rate is possible while producing only minimal error in the bit error rate estimate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Directed Growth of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Carbon‐Based Network for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction (2016)

A honeycomb-like carbon-based network is obtained by in situ nucleation and directed growth of metal-organic framework (MOF) arrays on the surface of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets, followed by a subsequent pyrolysis process, which exhibits largely enhanced electrocatalytic ORR performances. A successful paradigm for the directed growth of highly oriented MOF arrays is demonstrated, with potential applications for energy storage and conversion.
Airborne radar analysis using the ambiguity function (2002)

The ambiguity function is derived for a pulse Doppler radar which uses fill pulses, a moving target indicator, a (MTI) filter, and DFT (discrete Fourier transform) processing. Some special properties of the pulse Doppler radar ambiguity function and its correspondence with the autoambiguity function of a pulse train as a special case are described. Examples illustrating the utility of the ambiguity function in describing the interaction of the radar with its clutter environment, including transient effects, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>T</scp> Cell Enrichment by Cytotoxic Elimination of <scp>B</scp> Cells and Accessory Cells (1991)

T cells from mouse spleen and lymph node do not express the cell-surface glycoproteins encoded for by MHC class II genes, whereas most non-T cells in these organs do (i.e., B cells and accessory cells). This unique feature of T cells makes it possible to enrich for them using cytotoxic anti-class II monoclonal antibodies and activating complement. Because there are two isotypes of MHC class II genes (A and E genes, located adjacent to each other in the MHC region originally called the I region), it is necessary to identify which of these two genes are expressed in the mouse strain used. This unit lists suitable antibody-producing hybridomas available from ATCC, with antigen specificities (I-A vs. I-E) and corresponding mouse strains (H-2 strains a, b, k, etc., indicated as superscripts). Other antibodies can be tested in pilot experiments using the procedure outlined. This unit describes T cell enrichment using cytotoxic antibodies, and UNIT 3.4 describes the depletion of T cells and their subpopulations using the same approach. In the latter unit, T cell surface markers (Thy-1, CD4, and CD8) are targeted by the cytotoxic antibodies.
Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO-Doped CdOSnO2 Films Prepared by R.F. Sputtering (1993)

In order to improve the electrical and optical properties of CdOSnO2 films, ZnO-doped CdOSnO2 films are deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering from a sintered oxide target with various substrate temperatures. Amorphous films are grown at substrate temperatures from 323 to 573 K. Above 673 K, as-deposited films show the crystalline structure of a spinel-type compound, (Zn, Cd, Sn)2SnO4. The electrical resistivity Q of a film sputtered from target 10-3 or 20–10 at room temperature has the lowest electrical resistivity about 3 × 10−3 Ω cm. All as-deposited films show transitivity higher than 80% in the visible range. The low side absorption edge is decreased with increase of ZnO content.
Fabrication of ridge waveguides by femtosecond-laser structuring of (Yb, Nb):RTP/RTP using beam multiplexing with a Spatial Light Modulator (2013)

In this work we show the ultrafast laser fabrication of ridge waveguides in a (Yb, Nb):RbTiOPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (RTP) epilayer grown on a RTP substrate by liquid phase epitaxy [1]. The ribs are produced by machining trenches on the surface of the (Yb, Nb):RTP epilayer. In order to improve the verticality and roughness of the walls of the trenches, we have used the approximation scanning technique [2]. This approach has been enhanced in terms of speed and flexibility by using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) to multiplex the irradiation beam.
Novel hydrophilic nanostructured microtexture on direct metal laser sintered Ti-6Al-4V surfaces enhances osteoblast response<i>in vitro</i>and osseointegration in a rabbit model (2016)

The purpose of this study was to compare the biological effects in vivo of hierarchical surface roughness on laser sintered titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) implants to those of conventionally machined implants on osteoblast response in vitro and osseointegration. Laser sintered disks were fabricated to have micro-/nano-roughness and wettability. Control disks were computer numerical control (CNC) milled and then polished to be smooth (CNC-M). Laser sintered disks were polished smooth (LST-M), grit blasted (LST-B), or blasted and acid etched (LST-BE). LST-BE implants or implants manufactured by CNC milling and grit blasted (CNC-B) were implanted in the femurs of male New Zealand white rabbits. Most osteoblast differentiation markers and local factors were enhanced on rough LST-B and LST-BE surfaces in comparison to smooth CNC-M or LST-M surfaces for MG63 and normal human osteoblast cells. To determine if LST-BE implants were osteogenic in vivo, we compared them to implant surfaces used clinically. LST-BE implants had a unique surface with combined micro-/nano-roughness and higher wettability than conventional CNC-B implants. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in cortical bone-implant contact of LST-BE implants compared to CNC-B implants after 3 and 6 weeks. However, mechanical testing revealed no differences between implant pullout forces at those time points. LST surfaces enhanced osteoblast differentiation and production of local factors in vitro and improved the osseointegration process in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2086-2098, 2016.
Specializing Word Embeddings for Similarity or Relatedness (2015)

We demonstrate the advantage of specializing semantic word embeddings for either similarity or relatedness. We compare two variants of retrofitting and a joint-learning approach, and find that all three yield specialized semantic spaces that capture human intuitions regarding similarity and relatedness better than unspecialized spaces. We also show that using specialized spaces in NLP tasks and applications leads to clear improvements, for document classification and synonym selection, which rely on either similarity or relatedness but not both.
Low‐phase noise Class‐C VCO with dynamic body bias (2017)

A 2.5 GHz Class‐C voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with dynamic back‐gate‐biased MOSFET is proposed. A dynamic gate biasing circuit is used to reduce power consumption by switching N‐type MOS from initial Class‐AB to Class‐C operation in steady state. Moreover, the VCO uses dynamic back‐gate bias to reduce threshold voltage of switching MOSFET during the start‐up oscillation. The Class‐C differential VCO is implemented in TSMC 0.18 μm bipolar‐complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (BiCMOS) process. The measured phase noise is −124.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from 2.48 GHz carrier while consuming 2.64 mW power from a 0.8 V supply. Tuning range of VCO is 0.72 GHz, from 2.48 to 3.3 GHz, whereas the control voltage was tuned from 0 to 2 V. The VCO occupies a chip area of 446 × 840 μm 2 and provides a figure of merit of −197.55 dBc/Hz.