gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 trial of erlotinib with or without PF-3512676 (CPG 7909, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist) in patients with advanced recurrent EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

This phase 2 study assessed PF-3512676 plus erlotinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer after prior chemotherapy failure. Patients were randomized 1:1 to PF-3512676 (0.20 mg/kg injected subcutaneously once weekly) plus erlotinib (150 mg daily) or erlotinib alone. The primary objective was to estimate progression-free survival (PFS). Patients received PF-3512676 plus erlotinib (n = 18) or erlotinib alone (n = 21). The study was halted because an unplanned interim analysis indicated that large improvement in PFS with addition of PF-3512676 would be unlikely. In the PF-3512676-plus-erlotinib and erlotinib-alone arms, median PFS was 1.6 and 1.7 mo (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.0; P = 0.9335), respectively. Salient grade ≥ 3 adverse events in PF-3512676-plus-erlotinib and erlotinib-alone arms were diarrhea (5/0), dyspnea (5/6), fatigue (4/1), other flu-like symptoms (2/0), anemia (2/1), and lymphocytopenia (based on laboratory values, 1/4). Adding PF-3512676 to erlotinib did not show potential for increased progression-free survival over erlotinib alone in patients with advanced recurrent epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
Pressure Effects of Nematic Liquid Crystals (1982)

Abstract In Ref. (1), a phenomenological theory of pressure effects of nematic liquid crystals is given and used successfully in the interpretation of a large amount of experimental data. On this basis, in this paper, problems related to the free energy G o(P, T) of the isotropic phase are discussed, experiments of S(V T), P(V, T), In T ∼ In V(S fixed), etc. are explained, predictions including the relations S(V. T), K T(P), etc. are presented. Here, S is the order parameter, K T the isothermal compressibility. Related theories and experiments of pressure effects in the literature are discussed and compared. Results in this paper strengthen further the basic assumptions of the theory given in Ref. (1).
Controlled Synthesis and Assembly of FePt Nanoparticles (2003)

Monodisperse 4 nm FePt magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by superhydride reduction of FeCl2 and Pt(acac)2 at high temperature, and thin assemblies of FePt nanoparticles with controlled thickness were formed via polymer mediated self-assembly. Adding superhydride (LiBEt3H) to the phenyl ether solution of FeCl2 and Pt(acac)2 in the presence of oleic acid, oleylamine, and 1,2-hexadecanediol at 200 °C, followed by refluxing at 263 °C, led to monodisperse 4 nm FePt nanoparticles. The initial molar ratio of the metal precursors was retained during the synthesis, and the final FePt composition of the particles was readily tuned. Alternately, adsorbing a layer of polyethylenimine (PEI) and the FePt nanoparticles onto a solid substrate resulted in nanoparticle assemblies with tunable thickness. Chemical analysis of the assemblies revealed that more iron oxide was present in the thinner assemblies annealed at lower temperature or for shorter time. Thermal annealing induced the internal particle structure change from chemically disordered fcc to chemically ordered fct and transformed the thin assembly from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic. This controlled synthesis and assembly can be used to fabricate FePt nanoparticle-based functional devices for future nanomagnetic applications.
Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene. 2. Synthesis and Systems Characteristics (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene. 2. Synthesis and Systems CharacteristicsN. Devia, J. A. Manson, L. H. Sperling, and A. CondeCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 3, 360–369Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60069a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60069a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Above-room-temperature ferromagnetism in GaSb/Mn digital alloys (2002)

Digital alloys of GaSb/Mn have been fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy. Transmission electron micrographs showed good crystal quality with individual Mn-containing layers well resolved, no evidence of three-dimensional MnSb precipitates was seen in as-grown samples. All samples studied exhibited ferromagnetism with temperature-dependent hysteresis loops in the magnetization accompanied by metallic p-type conductivity with a strong anomalous Hall effect (AHE) up to 400 K (limited by the experimental setup). The anomalous Hall effect shows hysteresis loops at low temperatures and above room temperature very similar to those seen in the magnetization. The strong AHE with hysteresis indicates that the holes interact with the Mn spins above room temperature. All samples are metallic, which is important for spintronics applications.
Enzymic synthesis of valienamine glucosides and their antibiotic activity. (1991)

Although glycosidases have long been known to catalyse the stereospecific formation of glycosidic bonds by reversed hydrolysis or transglycosidation, the predominant formation of (1 ~6) linkages and the difficulties in the isolation of products have prevented their wider use for synthesis of biologically active carbohydrates. However, the regioselectivity of glycosidase-catalysed formation of oligosaccharides can be manipulated in certain situations by using the appropriate glycosidases and acceptors, and the isolation of products simplified in many reports1~3). Wealso have reported on microbial glycosidation to form validamycin a-and /?-D-glucoside analogs with the yeast, Rhodotorula lactosa IFO 14244'5). Thus, we attempted to prepare a-and
Prospective Appraisal of Complaints of Adverse Reactions to Foods in Children During the First 3 Years of Life (1987)

To examine the natural history of adverse reactions to foods, 480 children were followed prospectively from birth to their third birthdays. Foods thought to be causing symptoms were evaluated by elimination of suspected foods, open challenges, and double-blind food challenges. Foods producing symptoms were reintroduced into the diet at 1- to 3-month intervals until the symptoms no longer occurred. Of the 480 children completing the study, 28% were thought to have symptoms produced during food ingestion, but in only 8% were these reactions reproduced (excluding fruit and fruit juices). During the first year of life 80% of the initial complaints occurred. The most striking finding was the brief duration during which reactions could be reproduced. The majority of foods were replaced in the diet within 9 months of their incrimination. A long list of foods was reported to produce many symptoms, but only a few foods reproducibly evoked gastrointestinal and skin symptoms, with respiratory symptoms being infrequent. Of great interest was that 75 children were reported to react to fruit or fruit juice, and 56 of these children had reproducible symptoms. This study has found that most food reactions occur during the first year of life, but rechallenge at regular intervals has shown that the food can be reintroduced into the diet by the third year without risk. Almost all reactions that were reproduced appear to be non-immunoglobulin E mediated.
<i>Plasmodium</i>ookinete development in the mosquito midgut: a case of reciprocal manipulation (1998)

The ookinete is one of the most important stages of Plasmodium development in the mosquito. It is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the earlier sexual stages--gametocytes and zygote, and from the later stages--oocyst and sporozoites. Development to ookinete allows the parasite to escape from the tightly packed blood bolus, to cross the sturdy peritrophic matrix (PM), to be protected from the digestive environment of the midgut lumen, and to invade the gut epithelium. The success of each of these activities may depend on the degree of the biochemical and physical barriers in the mosquito (such as density of blood bolus, thickness of peritrophic matrix, proteolytic activities in the gut lumen etc.) and the ability of the ookinete to overcome these barriers. Ookinete motility, secretion of chitinase, resistance to the digestive enzymes, and recognition/invasion of the midgut epithelium all may play crucial roles in the transformation to oocyst. The overall sporogonic development of Plasmodium, therefore, depends on the results of the two-way manipulations between the parasite and the vector mosquito. Study of ookinete development and of the cellular and biochemical complexities of the mosquito gut may therefore lead to the design of novel strategies to block the transmission of malaria. This article reviews the intricate interactions between the parasite and the mosquito midgut in the context of development and transmission of Plasmodium parasites.
Control of Leakage Resistance in Pb(Zr,Ti)O <sub>3</sub> Thin Films by Donor Doping (1994)

Donor doping, with La and Nb, has been used successfully to improve the leakage resistance of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) films. Donor doping of Pb(Zr 0.5 Ti 0.5 )O 3 films has led to an improvement in the leakage resistance of over 2 1/2 orders of magnitude at elevated temperatures (T 100°C). The effect on leakage resistance is the same for the A‐site (La) and B‐site (Nb) dopants. However, the improvement is only about 1 order of magnitude near room temperature. This temperature effect is due to an increase in the transition temperature from a low activation energy mechanism to a higher activation energy mechanism. Similar improvements in leakage resistance have also been obtained by increasing the Pb concentration in the starting solution, which implies that Pb vacancies are the dominant acceptor species in the undoped films. In addition, donor doping has been effective in improving the electrical breakdown strength at elevated temperatures. Consequently, donor‐doped PZT films have been shown to be superior to undoped films for applications requiring high leakage resistance, such as decoupling capacitors.
Interdigital pair bonding for high frequency (20-50 MHz) ultrasonic composite transducers (2001)

Interdigital pair bonding is a novel methodology that enables the fabrication of high frequency piezoelectric composites with high volume fractions of the ceramic phase. This enhancement in ceramic volume fraction significantly reduces the dimensional scale of the epoxy phase and increases the related effective physical parameters of the composite, such as dielectric constant and the longitudinal sound velocity, which are major concerns in the development of high frequency piezoelectric composites. In this paper, a method called interdigital pair bonding (IPB) is used to prepare 1-3 piezoelectric composite with a pitch of 40 microns, a kerf of 4 microns, and a ceramic volume fraction of 81%. The composites prepared in this fashion exhibited a very pure thickness-mode resonance up to a frequency of 50 MHz. Unlike the 2-2 piezoelectric composites with the same ceramic and epoxy scales developed earlier, the anticipated lateral modes between 50 to 100 MHz were not observed in the current 1-3 composites. The mechanisms for the elimination of the lateral modes at high frequency are discussed. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the composite was 0.72 at a frequency of 50 MHz. The composites showed a high longitudinal sound velocity of 4300 m/s and a high clamped dielectric constant of 1111 epsilon 0, which will benefit the development of high frequency ultrasonic transducers and especially high frequency transducer arrays for medical imaging.
A wireless network scheme enhanced with ad-hoc networking for emergency communications (2003)

Several institutes for the fourth generation wireless networks have been discussing about multihopping to improve performances, area coverage and energy consumption. This paper proposes a hybrid wireless network scheme for emergency communications, which combines ad hoc networks with a centralized network to maintain connections. In a natural disaster or an emergency, some links of the centralized network are not maintained due to damage to facilities or an interruption on wireless channels. To make matters worse, communication congestions may occur and interrupt network access. Whereby, emergency communication services cannot work normally, even though they should be given priority over others. In the proposed scheme, a terminal operating in cellular mode under normal circumstances, switches to ad hoc mode to access a base station (BS) by way of multihopping when a link between BS and the terminal is disconnected. The route discovery manner of the scheme is capable of building a route by monitoring communications without route request used by other ad hoc routing protocols. The simulation results show that 90 % of terminals in a cell can access BS within three hops with the proposed hybrid network in the circumstances where only 20 % of terminals are able to reach the BS directly.
Segregation of infectious pancreatic necrosis resistance QTL in the early life cycle of Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) (2010)

In a previous study, three significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN) disease were identified by analysing challenge data from one sub-population of Landcatch Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt. While these QTL were shown to affect the resistance in seawater, their effect in freshwater was unknown. This study investigates the effect of these QTL on IPN resistance in salmon fry in freshwater. Twenty families with intermediate levels of IPN mortality were analysed from a freshwater challenge trial undertaken on a different sup-population of LNS salmon to that studied previously. Only the QTL from linkage group 21 (LG21) appeared to have a significant and large effect on resistance in freshwater; the same QTL was found to have the largest effect in seawater in the previous study. Variance component analysis showed a high heritability for the QTL: 0.45±0.07 on the liability scale and 0.25±0.05 on the observed scale. In a family where both parents were segregating for the QTL, there was a 0% vs. 100% mortality in homozygous offspring for resistant and susceptible QTL alleles. The finding that the same QTL has major effect in both freshwater and seawater has important practical implications, as this will allow the improvement of resistance in both phases through marker assisted selection by targeting this QTL. Moreover, the segregation of the LG21 QTL in a different sub-population gives further evidence of its association with IPN-resistance.
Adjustment for Specific Leaf Weight Improves Chlorophyll Meter's Estimate of Rice Leaf Nitrogen Concentration (1993)

Abstract The chlorophyll meter provides a simple, quick, and nondestructive method to estimate leaf N status of rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but the linear relationship between leaf N concentration on a dry‐weight basis ( N dw ) and the meter reading differs depending on developmental stage and genotype. The objective was to determine whether prediction of ( N dw ) with the chlorophyll meter can be improved by a simple correction for specific leaf weight (SLW). Leaf N status was estimated by a chlorophyll meter (SPAD‐502) and measured directly by micro‐Kjel‐dahl procedure. Specific leaf weight was calculated as the ratio of dry weight to leaf area. In one field study ‘IR72’, measurements were taken at midtillering, panicle initiation, and flowering stages on the uppermost fully expanded leaves of both N‐deficient and N‐sufficient plants. There was a linear relationship between N dw and SPAD values at each stage, but regression lines differed significantly between growth stages. Based on pooled data from all stages, the degree of linear fit was poor (r 2 = 0.49). Adjusting SPAD values for SLW (SPAD/SLW) improved the prediction of N dw (r 2 = 0.93). For another set of measurements made on the flag leaves of five genotypes grown in the field and greenhouse, prediction of N dw was also improved, from r 2 = 0.51 based on SPAD values alone to r 2 = 0.87 based on the SPAD/SLW ratio. These results demonstrate that SLW influences the prediction of N dw by the chlorophyll meter, and that the adjustment of SPAD values for SLW greatly increases the accuracy of the prediction. However, when SPAD values are adjusted for SLW, the chlorophyll meter's estimate of N dw is no longer as quick, simple, or nondestructive as the nonadjusted SPAD values.
Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Induced by Redox Imbalance (1999)

Previous studies have implicated a role for intracellular thiols in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. This study was designed to determine whether changes in endothelial cell glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can alter neutrophil adhesivity and to define the molecular mechanism that underlies this GSSG/GSH-induced adhesion response. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers for 6 hours with 0.2 mmol/L diamide and 1 mmol/L buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) decreased GSH levels and increased the ratio of GSSG to GSH without cell toxicity. These redox changes are similar to those observed with anoxia/reoxygenation. Diamide plus BSO-induced thiol/disulfide imbalance was associated with a biphasic increase in neutrophil adhesion to HUVECs with peak responses observed at 15 minutes (phase 1) and 240 minutes (phase 2). N-Acetylcysteine treatment attenuated neutrophil adhesion in both phases, which indicated a role for GSH in the adhesion responses. Interestingly, phase 1 adhesion was inversely correlated with GSH levels but not with the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas phase 2 neutrophil adhesion was positively correlated with GSSG/GSH ratio but not with GSH levels. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin-specific monoclonal antibodies attenuated the increased neutrophil adhesion during both phases, whereas an anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody also attenuated the phase 2 response. Pretreatment with actinomycin D and cycloheximide or with competing ds-oligonucleotides that contained nuclear factor-kappaB or activator protein-1 cognate DNA sequences significantly attenuated the phase 2 response, which implicated a role for de novo protein synthesis. Surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin on HUVECs correlated with the phase 1 and 2 neutrophil adhesion responses. This study demonstrates that changes in endothelial cell GSSG/GSH cause transcription-independent and transcription-dependent surface expression of different endothelial cell adhesion molecules, which leads to a 2-phase neutrophil-endothelial adhesion response.
Guidelines for the investigation and management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults, children and in pregnancy (2003)

The British Journal of Haematology publishes original research papers in clinical, laboratory and experimental haematology. The Journal also features annotations, reviews, short reports, images in haematology and Letters to the Editor.
Ignition Systems for Spray-Guided Stratified Combustion (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The success of stratified combustion is strongly determined by the injection and ignition system used. A large temporal and spatial variation of the main parameters - mixture composition and charge motion - in the vicinity of the spark location are driving the demands for significantly improved ignition systems. Besides the requirements for conventional homogeneous combustion systems higher ignition energy and breakdown voltage capability is needed. The spark location or spark plug gap itself has to be open and well accessible for the mixture to allow a successful flame kernel formation and growth into the stratified mixture regime, while being insensitive to potential interaction with liquid fuel droplets or even fuel film. For this purpose several different ignition concepts are currently being developed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The present article will give an ignition system overview for stratified combustion within Delphi Powertrain Systems. In addition to conventional high energy systems, MultiCharge systems and their derivatives as well as more sophisticated advanced concepts are presented. Their potential for stratified systems is assessed in view of sometimes contradicting requirements like energy level vs. electrode erosion.</div></div>
Effect of 5-Campestenone (24-methylcholest-5-en-3-one) on Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats as a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model (2005)

We examined the therapeutic effects of dietary exposure to 5-campestenone (24-methylcholest-5-en-3-one), an enone derivative of campesterol, in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary 0.6 % exposure to 5-campestenone caused marked reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA). In particular, plasma triglyceride levels were reduced in the 0.6 % 5-campestenone-fed group to about 25 % of that in the control group. In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at three and seven weeks after the beginning of treatment, 5-campestenone limited the rise of blood glucose levels by oral administration of glucose dose-dependently. Amounts of adipose tissue in the retroperitoneum and periepididymal area as well as abdominal subcutaneous fat were significantly decreased in animals fed 0.6 % 5-campestenone. The blood leptin concentration on the final day of feeding was significantly in animals administered 5-campestenone. No obvious anomaly due to consumption of 5-campestenone was detected in necropsy or clinical observations.
[Pharmacological study of Limax extract on inhibiting H14 cell]. (2004)

Limax extract had inhibitive effect on H14 cell, partially by apoptosis, and partially by differentiation.