gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activities of the international consultative group on food irradiation. (1990)

食品照射に関して協議を行ったり情報提供を行うことの必要性が1982年に確認され, 国連食糧農業機関 (FAO), 国際原子力機関 (IAEA), 世界保健機関 (WHO) の事務局長が率先して食品照射に関する諮問グループを設立した。この諮問グループの第一回の会合は1984年に開催された。国際食品照射諮問グループ (ICGFI) は以下の3つの主な機能を有している。(1) 食品照射の世界的な進展を評価する。(2) FAO, IAEA, WHOの3国際機関及びこれらの国際機関の加盟国に対して助言を与える。(3) これらの国際機関を通じて, 食品照射に関する合同専門家委員会及び国際食品規格委員会に対して情報提供を行う。ICGFIは, 食品照射に係わる安全性の確保, 法律制定, 国民への情報提供, 技術的及び経済的な実用性, トレーニング, 国際貿易などの問題に対して意見を述べている。ICGFIの活動は, その加盟国の現金拠出かインカインド協力によって支援されている。ICGFIの作成するリストやレポート及びICGFIの開催するワークショップや会合は, 各国政府, 国連機関及びあらゆる種類の組織に対して, 食品照射の実用化, 技術開発, 表示, 規制, トレーニングの内容, 国民教育などに関する最新の情報を提供している。ICGFIは食品照射施設や許可品目のリストを作成している。現在, 37ケ国において何らかの食品照射が許可されており, 許可されている食品は全部で40種類にも及ぶ。また, 約20ケ国は商業規模の照射施設を有している。将来, 食品照射事業者の登録リストが作成される予定である。食品照射の分野における法律や規制の国際間の調和の支援をするために, ICGFIは各国の法律と規制のリストを作成している。さらに, 食品照射施設の認可や登録に対するモデル的な規制を現在作成中である。ICGFIは, 食品表示に関する規格委員会が照射食品の表示に対する規定を作成する際の支援も行っている。ICGFIはまた, 食品管理, 検疫処理, 衛生面での品質, 経済性などの話題に関する種々のワークショップを開催している。ワークショップはすべての地域で開催されており, そのうちの1つは経済性の検討のためのハンドブックを出版した。商業的食品照射施設の管理者やオペレーターをトレーニングしたり資格を与えるためのカリキュラムを実施することにより, 照射食品の安全性と品質を高める努力をしている。食品の検査官と規制当局者のためのトレーニングコースも開催している。ICGFIは, 国際食品規格と同様の技術的な指針を, 生鮮果物, 生鮮野菜, 穀物, 海産物などの8つの食品のために作成した。食品の衛生面での品質を保証するための放射線照射の利用は, ICGFIの作業部会によって検討され, その報告書は1987年にWHOによって出版された。ICGFIの加盟国による一般国民への情報提供の手助けをするために, ICGFIは, 食品照射に関するサンプルパンフレットを準備している。さらに, ICGFIは照射食品の安全性と健全性に関する印刷物や食品照射に関する短いビデオを作成している。1988年4月にフランスにおいて開催された作業部会は, 食品照射に関して国民に提供すべき情報を選び出した。照射食品の国際貿易に係わる問題を検討するために, マーケッティングと広報活動, 植物防疫処理としての照射, 照射食品の貿易の促進について論じるためのいくつかの作業部会が開催された。ICGFIは, 食品照射に関するあらゆる情報の整理と普及に対する唯一の有効な組織である。過去4年間にわたって提供された情報量は非常に多い。加盟国はさらに5年間のICGFIの延長に同意した。
Application of a development time productivity metric to parallel software development (2005)

Evaluation of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems should take into account software development time productivity in addition to hardware performance, cost, and other factors. We propose a new metric for HPC software development time productivity, defined as the ratio of relative runtime performance to relative programmer effort. This formula has been used to analyze several HPC benchmark codes and classroom programming assignments. The results of this analysis show consistent trends for various programming models. This method enables a high-level evaluation of development time productivity for a given code implementation, which is essential to the task of estimating cost associated with HPC software development.
Design and realization of ga-optimized wire monopole and matching network with 20 : 1 bandwidth (2003)

This paper presents the successful design and physical realization of broadband loaded wire monopoles with matching networks. The loads are parallel inductor/resistor circuits that are adjusted by means of genetic algorithm (GA) optimizers to maximize bandwidth, and the matching networks are transmission-line transformers. The micro-GA is shown to be more convenient and efficient for optimizing these loaded antenna systems than is the simple-GA. The measured voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of the loaded antennas confirm broadband performance and agree with data obtained from moment method computations. Antennas having bandwidth ratios of 12.6 : 1 and 18 : 1, with measured VSWR less than 3.5 and calculated system gain greater than -4.5 dBi, are presented. Finally, an antenna system is given that has measured VSWR less than 3.0 and calculated system gain greater than -3.2 dBi over a 20 : 1 band.
Users manual for doctext: Producing documentation from C source code (1995)

One of the major problems that software library writers face, particularly in a research environment, is the generation of documentation. Producing good, professional-quality documentation is tedious and time consuming. Often, no documentation is produced. For many users, however, much of the need for documentation may be satisfied by a brief description of the purpose and use of the routines and their arguments. Even for more complete, hand-generated documentation, this information provides a convenient starting point. We describe here a tool that may be used to generate documentation about programs written in the C language. It uses a structured comment convention that preserves the original C source code and does not require any additional files. The markup language is designed to be an almost invisible structured comment in the C source code, retaining readability in the original source. Documentation in a form suitable for the Unix man program (nroff), LaTeX, and the World Wide Web can be produced.
Ubiquitination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Is Highly Dependent on Gag Membrane Association (2007)

Ubiquitin is important for the release of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and several other retroviruses. All major domains of the HIV-1 Gag protein are monoubiquitinated, but the modifying machinery and the function of HIV-1 Gag ubiquitination remain unclear. Here, we show that the induction of a late budding arrest by mutation of the HIV-1 PTAP motif or by specific inhibition of selected ESCRT components leads to an increase of Gag-ubiquitin conjugates in cells, which coincides with an accumulation of detergent-insoluble, multimerized Gag at the plasma membrane. Membrane flotation experiments revealed that ubiquitinated Gag is highly enriched in membrane-bound fractions. Based on these findings, we propose that a blocking of virus release results in increased Gag ubiquitination as a consequence of its prolonged membrane association. Consistent with this, ubiquitination of a membrane-binding-defective (G2A)Gag mutant was dramatically reduced and the ubiquitination levels of truncated Gag proteins correlated with their abilities to bind to membranes. We therefore propose that membrane association and multimerization of HIV-1 Gag proteins, rather than a specific motif within Gag, trigger recognition by the cellular ubiquitination machinery.
Capacitive Sensor for in situ Measurement of Deterioration of Car Engine Oil (2001)

A coil-type capacitive sensor on which the deterioration of the car engine oil can be in situ measured, has been developed. The sensor was designed to get over 10 pF at the limited space on the drain hole of the oil pan. The design factors for stable capacitance measurement such as coil diameter and winding condition, materials and configuration of the coil former, and shielding method, etc., were known by both computer simulation and experimental investigations. The dielectric properties measured by several sensors for an used sample oil were consisted within 0.25%. The sensor installed on the car having severe vibration, temperature and humidity fluctuation, even electromagnetic noise, has shown very distinguishable results.
Local Actin Polymerization and Dynamin Recruitment in SV40-Induced Internalization of Caveolae (2002)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) utilizes endocytosis through caveolae for infectious entry into host cells. We found that after binding to caveolae, virus particles induced transient breakdown of actin stress fibers. Actin was then recruited to virus-loaded caveolae as actin patches that served as sites for actin "tail" formation. Dynamin II was also transiently recruited. These events depended on the presence of cholesterol and on the activation of tyrosine kinases that phosphorylated proteins in caveolae. They were necessary for formation of caveolae-derived endocytic vesicles and for infection of the cell. Thus, caveolar endocytosis is ligand-triggered and involves extensive rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton.
Palladium-tungsten catalysts for automotive exhaust treatment (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-tungsten catalysts for automotive exhaust treatmentKaren M. Adams and Haren S. GandhiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 207–212Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Web Based Framework for Pre-release Testing of Mobile Applications (2016)

Mobile applications are becoming an integral part of daily life and of business’s marketing plan. They are helpful in promoting for the business, attracting and retaining customers. Software testing is vital to ensure the delivery of high quality mobile applications that could be accessed across different platforms and meet business and technical requirements. This paper proposes a web based tool, namely Pons, for the distribution of pre-release mobile applications for the purpose of manual testing. Pons facilities building, running, and manually testing Android applications directly in the browser. It gets the developers and end users engaged in testing the applications in one place, alleviates the tester’s burden of installing and maintaining testing environments, and provides a platform for developers to rapidly iterate on the software and integrate changes over time. Thus, it speeds up the pre-release testing process, reduces its cost and increases customer satisfaction.
Nonlinear dynamics of chaotic double-loop sigma-delta modulation (2002)

The double-loop sigma-delta modulator is playing an increasingly important role in signal-processing applications, but this role is often hampered by the appearance of unwanted periodic signals in the modulator output. Operation in a chaotic regime has been suggested as a possible means of overcoming this disadvantage. For some parameter values, however, chaotic operation can lead to unbounded state variables, destroying the functionality of the modulator. State variables that, though bounded, exceed implementation-dependent limits can also destroy functionality. The aim of this paper is to show how established methods of nonlinear dynamics can be applied to the zero-input system to study the steady-state location of the state variables and to determine parameter values for which rounded behaviour is possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphorylation of histone H3 during transcriptional activation depends on promoter structure (2003)

Covalent modifications of histone N-terminal tails are required for the proper assembly and activation of the general transcription factors at promoters. Here, we analyze histone acetylation and phosphorylation in Drosophila transgenes activated by the yeast Gal4 transcriptional activator in the context of different promoters. We show that, independent of the promoter, transcription does not correlate with acetylation of either H3-Lys 14 or H4-Lys 8. Histone H3 associated with the DNA of Gal4-induced transcribing transgenes driven by the Drosophila Hsp70 promoter is hyperphosphorylated at Ser 10 during transcription. Surprisingly, histone H3 at Gal4-induced transgenes driven by the P element Transposase promoter is not hyperphosphorylated. The data suggest that transcription occurs without acetylated H4 and H3 in both transgenes in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Instead, phosphorylation of H3 is linked to transcription and can be modulated by the structure of the promoter.
UbiBay: An auction system for mobile multihop ad-hoc networks (2004)

Implementing distributed applications in mobile ad-hoc networks is a challenge because of low bandwidth, small transmission range, unpredictable topology changes and the need to conserve energy in low powered devices. This paper presents a distributed auction system using a large scale adhoc network as its sole communication platform. The auction system is built on top of a basic middleware service intended to be used as a generic background dissemination service for distributed self-organizing applications in mobile ad-hoc networks. This service is used to disseminate the local knowledge about the current state regarding a particular auction. The basic idea of this service is the combination of a device discovery service essential to any ad-hoc network and a dissemination service based on epidemic message distribution. This service can be used by different competing applications for permanent information dissemination, while consuming only a small fraction of the available limited network bandwidth in a mobile environment. 1.
Evaluation of locked nucleic acid–modified small interfering RNA<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (2007)

RNA interference has become widely used as an experimental tool to study gene function. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA) may have great potential for the treatment of diseases. Recently, it was shown that siRNA can be used to mediate gene silencing in mouse models. Locally administered siRNAs entered the first clinical trials, but strategies for successful systemic delivery of siRNA are still under development. Challenges still exist about the stability, delivery, and therapeutic efficacy of siRNA. In the present study, we compare the efficacy of two methods of systemic siRNA delivery and the effects of siRNA modifications using locked nucleic acids (LNA) in a xenograft cancer model. Low volume tail vein bolus injections and continuous s.c. delivery using osmotic minipumps yielded similar uptake levels of unmodified siRNA by tumor xenografts. Both routes of administration mediated sequence-specific inhibition of two unrelated targets inside tumor xenografts. Previous studies have shown that LNA can be incorporated into the sense strand of siRNA while the efficacy is retained. Modification of siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein with LNA results in a significant increase in serum stability and thus may be beneficial for clinical applications. We show that minimal 3' end LNA modifications of siRNA are effective in stabilization of siRNA. Multiple LNA modifications in the accompanying strand further increase the stability but negate the efficacy in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, LNA-modified siRNA reduced off-target gene regulation compared with nonmodified siRNA. End-modified siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein provides a good trade-off between stability and efficacy in vivo using the two methods of systemic delivery in the nude mouse model. Therefore, LNA-modified siRNA should be preferred over unmodified siRNA.
Two dimensional phase unwrapping based on the Laplace and Eikonal equations (2002)

In interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) applications the goal is represented by the evaluation of the digital elevation model (DEM) of the illuminated area. This result is achieved by exploiting the phase interference of two spatially separated side-views of the same site. In order to correctly generate the interferogram, some operations must be carried out on the received data. Firstly they must be correctly focused, secondly the obtained complex images must be properly registered. These operations result in a phase interferogram which represents the phase values restricted to the range [-/spl pi/,/spl pi/) (wrapped values). Phase unwrapping procedures allow the unwrapped phase values to be obtained which are directly linked to the desired DEM. To solve this problem several techniques have been proposed. The present authors give a new phase unwrapping algorithm which utilised Green's identity and Green's functions. The proposed technique is intrinsically two-dimensional, is robust and quite insensible to the propagation of the errors generated by non exact phase measurements.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 20/2009 (2009)

Front Cover: Upon irradiation of a linearly polarized laser beam, precise control of photoinduced birefringence is obtained in azobenzene-containing liquid-crystalline polymers by adjusting the azotolane content in the post-functionalization reaction. Further details can be found in the article by H. Yu,* T. Kobayashi, and Z. Ge on page 1725.
Assessing the health of sensors using data historians (2012)

This paper suggests and investigates a new method of determining the health of sensors by using of the information in the data historians commonly used in process control applications. This method allows validation and reconciliation data to account for incomplete or conflicting measurements coming from the sensors under normal operational process conditions. The aim is to compare the historical data with the live data to assess the health of any and every sensor in the process anytime and every time. Experiments are set up in PLC/SCADA environment to test the integration of the live and historical data, thus indication some encouraging results.
Nemor: A congestion-aware protocol for anonymous peer-based content distribution (2011)

As content providers adopt peer-to-peer approaches for content sharing and distribution, they face new challenges in guaranteeing privacy to their clients. Participating peers can glean information from their communication with other peers, such as their identities or the shared data and use this information for malicious purposes. We present Nemor, a protocol that allows a requesting peer and a corresponding serving peer to communicate anonymously with each other and from other participating peers, while protecting the identity of the content being exchanged. Nemor relies on a trusted intermediary, such as a provider-managed tracker, to identify a potential serving peer. A peer in Nemor joins one or more trees. Using a combination of a random walk, a probabilistic jump from one tree to another and constrained flooding, the requesting and serving peer dynamically construct an overlay path between them. A key differentiator of Nemor is the integrated design of a congestion avoidance mechanism that yields significant performance benefits without compromising on anonymity. Using experimental results from PlanetLab and simulations with traces from an operational VoD system, we demonstrate that Nemor outperforms state of the art approaches like TOR and OneSwarm. Our results confirm that Nemor, while being resilient to attacks on anonymity, achieves high performance and scalability and is suitable for a range of applications, including distribution of large volume content, such as streaming video.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (2012)

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications in the United States. By inhibiting gastric H/K adenosine triphosphatase via covalent binding to the cysteine residues of the proton pump, they provide the most potent acid suppression available. Long-term PPI use accounts for the majority of total PPI use. Absolute indications include peptic ulcer disease, chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, treatment of Helicobacter pylori, and erosive esophagitis. Although PPIs are generally considered safe, numerous adverse effects, particularly associated with long-term use have been reported. Many patients receiving chronic PPI therapy do not have clear indications for their use, prompting consideration for reduction or discontinuation of their use. This article reviews the indications for PPI use, the adverse effects/risks involved with their use, and conditions in which their use is controversial.
Infra-red spectroscopic study of the adsorption of amines on the A-type and B-type hydroxyls of an aerosil silica gel (1971)

The interaction of the homogeneous series of primary, secondary and tertiary amines with the free hydroxyls (A-type) and hydrogen-bonded hydroxyls (B-type) of an Aerosil silica is investigated by i.-r.-spectroscopy. The shift Δν of the 3750 cm–1 band (A-type OH) toward lower frequency on adsorption of amines is correlated with the ionization potential I(eV), indicating that charge-transfer contributes strongly to the hydrogen bonding interaction. To investigate the possibility that steric effects of substituent groups in the adsorbate molecule influence the hydrogen-bonding interaction, Δν was also related to the Taft factors σ* and Es, which reflect the polar and steric effects of the substituent groups. A linear (Δν, σ*) relation is found with strong deviation for the tertiary amines. This deviation can be explained either by a steric effect between adsorbate molecule and surface groups, or by the different molecular symmetry of tertiary amines which gives this series a separate but parallel behaviour to the two other series. The extent of interaction of the amines with the B-type hydroxyls is greater for ammonia and the primary amines, than for the secondary and tertiary. This different behaviour is explained by the different packing of the adsorbing molecule. The higher the packing, the lower the proportion of species reacting.
A phase 2 study of ruxolitinib, an oral JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced polycythemia vera who are refractory or intolerant to hydroxyurea (2013)

Ruxolitinib was generally well tolerated and provided rapid and durable clinical benefits in patients with advanced PV who were refractory or intolerant to hydroxyurea.
A Silver Lining? Fewer Non–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Respiratory Viruses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic (2021)

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have "flattened the curve" of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; however the effect of these interventions on other respiratory viruses is unknown. We used aggregate level case count data for 8 respiratory viruses and compared the institutional and statewide case counts before and during the period that NPIs were active. We observed a 61% decrease (incidence rate ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, .37-.41; P < .001) in non-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 respiratory viral infections when NPIs were implemented. This finding, if further verified, should guide future public health initiatives to mitigate viral epidemics.
Concept of dealing with uncertainty in radar-based data for hydrological purpose (2008)

Abstract. Precipitation radar-based data constitute essential input to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and rainfall-runoff models, however the data introduce a number of errors. Thus their uncertainty should be determined to provide end-users with more reliable information about forecasts. The common idea is to use Quality Index (QI) scheme for some number of quality parameters on the assumption that: (1) relationship between the parameters and relevant quality indexes is linear; (2) averaged QI is a weighted average of all particular indexes. The uncertainty parameters can be topography-dependent, resulting from spatial and temporal distribution of data, etc. Uncertainty in radar-based data is described by gamma PDF of precipitation, and it is proposed to determine the probability density function (PDF) parameters basing on QI values. Practically, precipitation is presented as ensemble of quantiles of the PDF and such an ensemble can constitute input to rainfall-runoff modelling. Since the ensemble is a precipitation input, the hydrological model needs to be activated according to a number of input members.