gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug-induced changes in DNA fluorescence intensity detected by flow microfluorometry and their implications for analysis of DNA content distributions. (1978)

Chicken erythrocytes, which contain less DNA than mammalian diploid cells, were used as an internal standard to control instrumental and staining variables during flow microfluorometric analysis. With the DNA stain, mithramycin, and with an EPICS II flow microfluorometer, ratios between the modal G1 fluorescence of experimental cells and that of chicken erythrocytes were determined. The results indicate that unperturbed cell populations of L1210 and HeLa cells in vitro and L1210 ascites cells in vivo have relatively stable fluorescence ratios, although there is a significant difference between the ratios of one L1210 cell line in vitro and another in vivo. In contrast, L1210 ascites treated in vivo with different schedules of cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin showed wide fluctuations in the fluorescence intensity ratios for 96 hr after treatment. Also, differences in the fluorescence ratios were observed between less advanced and more advanced L1210 ascites after treatment with the same schedule. These effects indicate an alteration in DNA staining with mithramycin, brought about by drug treatment that could seriously affect the interpretation of DNA histogram data. Nevertheless, changes in mithramycin staining may prove to be a very important probe to detect persistent drug effects.
Calibration of optimal use parameters for an ultraviolet light-emitting diode in eliminating bacterial contamination on needleless connectors (2015)

Low-power UV LEDs may represent a feasible alternative to current best-practice in connector decontamination.
Quantum implementation of the unitary coupled cluster for simulating molecular electronic structure (2017)

In classical computational chemistry, the coupled-cluster ansatz is one of the most commonly used ab initio methods, which is critically limited by its nonunitary nature. The unitary modification as an ideal solution to the problem is, however, extremely inefficient in classical conventional computation. Here, we provide experimental evidence that indeed the unitary version of the coupled-cluster ansatz can be reliably performed in a physical quantum system, a trapped-ion system. We perform a simulation on the electronic structure of a molecular ion (${\mathrm{HeH}}^{+}$), where the ground-state energy surface curve is probed, the energies of the excited states are studied, and bond dissociation is simulated nonperturbatively. Our simulation takes advantages from quantum computation to overcome the intrinsic limitations in classical computation, and our experimental results indicate that the method is promising for preparing molecular ground states for quantum simulations.
Local Open Space Preservation in the United States (2009)

This chapter examines national trends in local open space preservation, focusing especially on how—or whether—these evolved during the environmental policy epochs described at the outset of this volume. Although local preservation can refer to the whole suite of land-use tools available to communities (land acquisition, conservation easements, growth limits, zoning, tax incentives), the chapter focuses on land or easement acquisitions.
Renal failure in cirrhotic patients (2002)

Terlipressin administration significantly improves renal function in cirrhotic patients with hepatorenal syndrome type 2 but not in organic kidney failure. By providing the critical information that a patient's kidney function is (or is not) reversible, a trial with terlipressin may be useful when selecting cirrhotic patients with renal failure as candidates for a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or liver transplantation.
Phenylenebis(oxy)bis[2,2-dimethylpentanoic acids]: agents that elevate high-density lipoproteins (1983)

A series of phenylenebis(oxy)bis[2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid]s have been synthesized and evaluated as potential hypolipidemic agents. Compound 18 (CI-924) was found to be the most potent compound in this series. In rats, compound 18 not only reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but also increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Comparative studies in rats indicated 18 produced an equal elevation of HDL cholesterol at one-third of the dose required of gemfibrozil. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
The role of tissue microdissection in cancer research. (2001)

Tissue microdissection is a laboratory method that is used to procure specific cells or cell populations from a histology slide under direct microscopic visualization. The recovered cells can be studied with a variety of DNA, messenger RNA, and protein analysis methods, including new high-throughput gene expression and proteomics technologies. This approach is permitting investigators to comprehensivelyexamine the molecular anatomy of cells in tissue sections forthe first time. This article reviews the development and evolution of tissue microdissection techniques, summarizes examples of research studies, and discusses related challenges that the research community must address. Additional information and complete laboratory protocols are available on a website at http://cgap-mf.nih.gov/.
Expression and methylation of imprinted genes during in vitro differentiation of mouse parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryonic stem cell lines (1994)

Messenger RNA and methylation levels of four imprinted genes, H19, Igf2r, Igf-2 and Snrpn were examined by northern and Southern blotting in mouse parthenogenetic, androgenetic and normal or wild-type embryonic stem cell lines during their differentiation in vitro as embryoid bodies. In most instances, mRNA levels in parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryoid bodies differed from wild type as expected from previously determined patterns of monoallelic expression in midgestation embryos and at later stages of development. These findings implicate aberrant mRNA levels of these genes in the abnormal development of parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos and chimeras. Whereas complete silence of one of the parental alleles has previously been observed in vivo, we detected some mRNA in the corresponding embryonic stem cell line. This 'leakage' phenomenon could be explained by partial erasure, bypass or override of imprints, or could represent the actual activity status at very early stages of development. The mRNA levels of H19, Igf2r and Igf-2 and the degree of methylation at specific associated sequences were correlated according to previous studies in embryos, and thereby are consistent with suggestions that the methylation might play a role in controlling transcription of these genes. Paternal-specific methylation of the H19 promoter region is absent in sperm, yet we observed its presence in undifferentiated androgenetic embryonic stem cells, or before the potential expression phase of this gene in embryoid bodies. As such methylation is likely to invoke a repressive effect, this finding raises the possibility that it is part of the imprinting mechanism of H19, taking the form of a secondary imprint or postfertilization epigenetic modification necessary for repression of the paternal allele.
L'europeizzazione del diritto e della scienza penale (2002)

1. Premessa. Sez. I: Europeizzazione del diritto e sistemi penali nazionali. 2. Il ruolo del Consiglio d’Europa e delle relative convenzioni d’armonizzazione nel tramonto dello statualismo penale. In particolare, il ruolo della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo. 3. L’avvento della Comunità europea e le diverse forme di influenza del diritto comunitario sul diritto penale. 4. L’incidenza del diritto comunitario sui precetti penali. L’incidenza interpretativa, integratrice, disapplicatrice. 5. L’influenza del diritto comunitario sulla disciplina punitiva. Gli effetti di armonizzazione sanzionatoria prodotti dalle fonti CE di diritto derivato. 6. Il ruolo della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia nel ravvicinamento delle risposte punitive nazionali. 7. Le sanzioni amministrative comunitarie e la loro attitudine a condizionare i sistemi punitivi dei Paesi membri. 8. Agli albori di una politica criminale europea. In particolare, le direttive comunitarie volte a predeterminare gli elementi costitutivi delle fattispecie astratte. 9. L’edificazione del terzo pilastro dell’Unione per la cooperazione e l’armonizzazione penale. Il ruolo delle decisioni quadro nella realizzazione di una effettiva politica criminale europea. 10. I futuribili scenari del processo di europeizzazione del diritto penale. Il dibattito sulla riforma del terzo pilastro. 11. Gli attuali progetti di armonizzazione o unificazione penale all’interno dell’Unione. Sez. II: Europeizzazione del diritto e scienza penale. 12. Verso una cultura giuridico-penale europea. Le diverse manifestazioni in ambito scientifico del superamento delle tradizioni penali nazionali. 13. La “rinascita giusnaturalista” e la “cultura dei diritti dell’uomo” nel processo di destatualizzazione e di europeizzazione della scienza penale. 14. Le attuali concezioni giuridiche a sfondo razionalistico e le loro valenze antistatualiste e europeiste. 15. La rivalutazione della storia del diritto penale nella prospettiva dell’armonizzazione/unificazione dei sistemi nazionali. 16. La valorizzazione e le nuove funzioni del metodo comparatistico alla luce delle esigenze di europeizzazione del diritto e della politica criminale. 17. L’avvento di un nuovo paradigma penale ispirato alla logica della “rete” quale risposta all’emersione di una pluralità di ordinamenti giuridici in rapporto di reciproca integrazione. 18. L’abbandono del nazionalismo dogmatico e il ricorso al “sincretismo concettuale” come conseguenza del pluralismo giuridico. 19. La tendenza alla semplificazione della scienza penale al fine di un “democratico” ravvicinamento dei relativi sistemi statuali.\t20. Considerazioni conclusive.
TaqMan <sup>®</sup> -Based Quantification of Invasive Cells in the Chick Embryo Metastasis assay (2004)

The chick embryonic metastasis (CEM) assay is a fast in vivo method to investigate the invasive properties of tumor cells. Until now, most quantification methods were semiquantitative and time-consuming. Here we describe a rapid quantification method using TaqMan technology to quantify the invaded tumor cells in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized eggs. This method is based on specific detection of human ALU sequences. Moreover, it provides high sensitivity over a wide linearity range.
Role of glutaminyl cyclases in thyroid carcinomas (2012)

CCL2 is a chemokine known to recruit monocytes/macrophages to sites of inflammation. CCL2 is also associated with tumor progression in several cancer types. Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). The pE-residue increases stability against N-terminal degradation by aminopeptidases. Here, we report an upregulation of QPCT expression in tissues of patients with thyroid carcinomas compared with goiter tissues, whereas QPCTL was not regulated. In thyroid carcinoma cell lines, QPCT gene expression correlates with the mRNA levels of its substrate CCL2. Both QPCT and CCL2 are regulated in a NF-κB-dependent pathway shown by stimulation with TNFa and IL1b as well as by inhibition with the IKK2 inhibitor and RNAi of p50. In the culture supernatant of thyroid carcinoma cells, equal amounts of pECCL2 and total CCL2 were detected by two ELISAs discriminating between total CCL2 and pECCL2, concluding that all CCL2 is secreted as pECCL2. Activation of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway by recombinant CCL2 increased tumor cell migration of FTC238 cells in scratch assays as well as thyroid carcinoma cell-derived CCL2-induced migration of monocytic THP1 cells. Suppression of CCL2 signaling by CCR2 antagonist, IKK2 inhibitor, and QPCT RNAi reduced FTC238 cell growth measured by WST8 proliferation assays. Our results reveal new evidence for a novel role of QC in thyroid carcinomas and provide an intriguing rationale for the use of QC inhibitors as a means of blocking pECCL2 formation and preventing thyroid cancer metastasis.
A Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus Entry (2010)

Small molecule inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are being developed to complement or replace treatments with pegylated interferons and ribavirin, which have poor response rates and significant side effects. Resistance to these inhibitors emerges rapidly in the clinic, suggesting that successful therapy will involve combination therapy with multiple inhibitors of different targets. The entry process of HCV into hepatocytes represents another series of potential targets for therapeutic intervention, involving viral structural proteins that have not been extensively explored due to experimental limitations. To discover HCV entry inhibitors, we utilized HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) incorporating E1-E2 envelope proteins from a genotype 1b clinical isolate. Screening of a small molecule library identified a potent HCV-specific triazine inhibitor, EI-1. A series of HCVpp with E1-E2 sequences from various HCV isolates was used to show activity against all genotype 1a and 1b HCVpp tested, with median EC50 values of 0.134 and 0.027 µM, respectively. Time-of-addition experiments demonstrated a block in HCVpp entry, downstream of initial attachment to the cell surface, and prior to or concomitant with bafilomycin inhibition of endosomal acidification. EI-1 was equally active against cell-culture adapted HCV (HCVcc), blocking both cell-free entry and cell-to-cell transmission of virus. HCVcc with high-level resistance to EI-1 was selected by sequential passage in the presence of inhibitor, and resistance was shown to be conferred by changes to residue 719 in the carboxy-terminal transmembrane anchor region of E2, implicating this envelope protein in EI-1 susceptibility. Combinations of EI-1 with interferon, or inhibitors of NS3 or NS5A, resulted in additive to synergistic activity. These results suggest that inhibitors of HCV entry could be added to replication inhibitors and interferons already in development.
Resistive Pulse Sensing of Analyte‐Induced Multicomponent Rod Aggregation Using Tunable Pores (2012)

Resistive pulse sensing is used to monitor individual and aggregated rod-shaped nanoparticles as they move through tunable pores in elastomeric membranes. By comparing particles of similar dimensions, it is demonstrated that the resistive pulse signal of a rod is fundamentally different from that of a sphere. Rods can be distinguished using two measurements: the blockade event magnitude (Δi(p) ), which reveals the particle's size, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) duration, which relates to the particle's speed and length. While the observed Δi(p) values agree well with simulations, the measured FWHM times are much larger than expected. This increase in dwell time, caused by rods moving through the pore in various orientations, is not observed for spherical particles. These differences are exploited in a new agglutination assay using rod-shaped particles. By controlling the surface chemistry and location of the capture ligand, rods are made to form either long "end-on-end" or wide "side-on" aggregates upon the addition of an analyte. This observation will facilitate multiplexed detection in agglutination assays, as particles with a particular aspect ratio can be distinguished by two measurements. This is first demonstrated with a biotinylated target and avidin capture probe, followed by the detection of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) using an aptamer capture probe, with limits of detection down to femtomolar levels.
Anti-adherence and Anti-fungal Abilities of Thymol and Carvacrol Against Candida Species Isolated From Patients with Oral Candidiasis in Comparison with Fluconazole and Voriconazole (2021)

Background: Natural isopropyl cresols, such as thymol and carvacrol, have been known to have antifungal activities. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the anti-adherence and antifungal activities of thymol, carvacrol, fluconazole, and voriconazole against oral isolates of Candida albicans (C. albicans), C. glabrata, and C. krusei. Methods: The susceptibility assay for the test compounds was performed using the disk diffusion method against all Candida isolates. Also, anti-adherence activity was examined using a rapid and highly reproducible 96 well microtiter-based method. Results: Both natural phenols and antifungal drugs revealed various efficacies against studied Candida species. The susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole were 100% for C. albicans, 50% and 90% for C. glabrata, and 0% and 100% for C. krusei isolates, respectively. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone was greater for thymol than carvacrol in C. albicans (19.89 ± 0.80 mm versus 17.05 ± 0.61 mm), C. glabrata (18.87 ± 0.71 mm versus 15.77 ± 0.57 mm), and C. krusei (15.11 ± 0.91 mm versus 13.91 ± 1.04 mm) isolates tested. Thymol showed more effective inhibition on adherence of all Candida species than other treatments. The mean relative adherence ratios for C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei were 0.50, 0.60, and 0.64, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant inhibitory properties of thymol and carvacrol on the adherence and growth of azole susceptible- and -resistant Candida isolates. Also, thymol was more effective for preventing the adherence of yeast cells to polystyrene in comparison to carvacrol.
Using fuzzy sets to diagnose coronary artery stenosis (1991)

The use of fuzzy sets to represent perfusion defects and to generate expert results to help in diagnosis is reported. Retrospective data collected from 91 patients who underwent both stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and coronary arteriography were used. Of the total, 64 scans were chosen at random for training, and the remaining 27 scans were used for testing data. It was found that 17 rules generated by fuzzy set theory performed as well as 68 rules specified by cardiologists in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (1988)

We studied 24 patients with histologically verified cerebral cavernous malformations, reviewing the familial occurrence and presenting signs, symptoms, and radiographic features of the disorder. Eleven patients had no evidence of a heritable trait and had negative family histories. Thirteen patients were members of six unrelated Mexican-American families. Sixty-four first-degree and second-degree relatives were examined, and family pedigrees were established. Most relatives (83 percent) were asymptomatic; 11 percent had seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 16 relatives (5 of whom were asymptomatic). Fourteen of the 16 studies revealed cavernous malformations; 11 studies identified multiple lesions. As compared with computerized tomography and angiography, magnetic resonance imaging was far more accurate in detecting cavernous malformations. We conclude that cavernous malformations are more prevalent than previously reported, and that a familial form of the disorder exists that is more common than expected, with a high incidence of multiple lesions and an increased frequency of occurrence among Mexican-American families. Magnetic resonance imaging is the radiographic technique of choice for the identification and follow-up of these lesions.
A Meta-Learning Approach to One-Step Active Learning (2017)

We consider the problem of learning when obtaining the training labels is costly, which is usually tackled in the literature using active-learning techniques. These approaches provide strategies to choose the examples to label before or during training. These strategies are usually based on heuristics or even theoretical measures, but are not learned as they are directly used during training. We design a model which aims at \textit{learning active-learning strategies} using a meta-learning setting. More specifically, we consider a pool-based setting, where the system observes all the examples of the dataset of a problem and has to choose the subset of examples to label in a single shot. Experiments show encouraging results.
Improved hyperspectral anomaly detection in heavy-tailed backgrounds (2009)

A new metric for anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery is developed to account for anisotropic heavy tails in covariance-whitened data. The anisotropy, consisting of a variation in tail heaviness with principal component number, commonly occurs when the number of linearly independent components representing the data to within the noise level is less than the number of data dimensions. The detection metric is generated by representing the probability density function of the data with an empirical anisotropic super-Gaussian model for the probability density function. Its performance exceeds that of the RX and Subspace RX methods in examples from CAP ARCHER and HyMap imagery.
Studies on Methemoglobin Reductase (1972)

Abstract The major NADH-diaphorase in the human erythrocyte, diaphorase A, which is lacking in the erythrocyte of patients with congenital methemoglobinemia, was purified from normal red cells by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-75, and starch block electrophoresis. The final preparation was purified 129,000-fold over hemolysate and the enzyme was homogeneous judging from disc electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. Absorption spectra of the purified enzyme are characteristic of flavoproteins showing absorption maxima at 225 nm, 273 nm, 393 nm and 462 nm and shoulders of absorption at 430 and 488 nm. The ratio of absorbance at 273 to 462 nm is 6.1 for the enzyme. The prosthetic group is shown to be FAD by paper chromatography of an enzyme extract. The enzyme has no heme group judging from its absorbance at 410 nm. The minimal molecular weight calculated from the flavin content is 34,400 and the molecular weight determined by gel filtration is 33,000. In view of these results, the enzyme has 1 mole of FAD as the prosthetic group per mole of apoenzyme. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is at pH 6.4. The enzyme easily increases its net negative charges resulting in two additional bands with activities on electrophoresis. The high reduction rate of methemoglobin attained in the red cells cannot be attained in vitro by the purified enzyme, and the possible existence of an electron carrier protein in the red cells is discussed.
Expression and functional expansion of fibroblast growth factor receptor T cells in rheumatoid synovium and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1996)

The increased frequency of peripheral T cells that respond to FGF-1 in RA is consistent with expansion of FGFR-1-expressing T cells in the rheumatoid synovium.
Microvascular and interstitial P<scp>o</scp><sub>2</sub>measurements in rat skeletal muscle by phosphorescence quenching (2001)

To clarify the transport of O(2) across the microvessels in skeletal muscle, we designed an intravital laser microscope that utilizes a phosphorescence quenching technique to determine both the microvascular and tissue PO(2). After we injected the phosphorescent probe into systemic blood, phosphorescence excited by a N(2)-dye pulse laser was detected with a photomultiplier over a 10 microm in diameter area. In vitro and in vivo calibrations confirmed that the present method is accurate for PO(2) measurements in the range of 7-90 Torr (r = 0.958) and has a rapid response time. This method was then used to measure the PO(2) of microvessels with different diameters (40-130 microm) and of interstitial spaces in rat cremaster muscle. These measurements showed a significant drop in PO(2) in the arterioles after branching (from 74.6 to 46.6 Torr) and the presence of a large PO(2) gradient at the blood-tissue interface of arterioles (15-20 Torr). These findings suggest that capillaries are not the sole source of oxygen supply to surrounding tissue.