gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling through GP Ib-IX-V activates αIIbβ3 independently of other receptors (2004)

Platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) activates alpha IIb beta 3, a prerequisite for thrombus formation. However, it is unclear whether the primary VWF receptor, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V, mediates alpha IIb beta 3 activation directly or through other signaling proteins physically associated with it (eg, FcR gamma-chain), possibly with the contribution of other agonist receptors and of VWF signaling through alpha IIb beta 3. To resolve this question, human and GP Ibalpha transgenic mouse platelets were plated on dimeric VWF A1 domain (dA1VWF), which engages only GP Ib-IX-V, in the presence of inhibitors of other agonist receptors. Platelet adhesion to dA1VWF induced Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcR gamma-chain and the adapter molecule, ADAP, and triggered intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations and alpha IIb beta 3 activation. Inhibition of Ca(2+) oscillations with BAPTA-AM prevented alpha IIb beta 3 activation but not tyrosine phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) prevented alpha IIb beta 3 activation but not Ca(2+) oscillations. Inhibition of Src with 2 distinct compounds blocked all responses downstream of GP Ib-IX-V under static or flow conditions. However, dA1VWF-induced responses were reduced only slightly in GP Ibalpha transgenic platelets lacking FcR gamma-chain. These data establish that GP Ib-IX-V itself can signal to activate alpha IIb beta 3, through sequential actions of Src kinases, Ca(2+) oscillations, and PI 3-kinase/PKC.
Alfabeto lineal y cuneiforme: relaciones en el II Milenio A.C. (2004)

La historia del sistema alfabético de escritura en el antiguo Oriente Próximo sigue siendo un campo de investigación fecundo. A pesar de importantes estudios recientes consagrados al tema, son diversas las cuestiones que merecen un estudio más detenido. El sistema alfabético empleó en el II milenio a.C., especialmente en su segunda mitad, dos tipos principales de escritura; el lineal (alfabeto de tipo fenicio) y el cuneiforme(alfabeto de tipo ugarítico). El trabajo que presentamos analiza las relaciones de tipo formal, cronológico y de distribución espacial que existieron entre ambos sistemas. Especial interés para el tema depara el análisis de los resultados de tipo arqueológico que ofrece el yacimiento libanés de Kamid el-Loz (antigua Kumidi), donde los dos alfabetos (lineal y cuneiforme) parecen haberse empleado a la vez durante un periodo aproximado de tres siglos. Desde el punto de vista cronológico, este yacimiento también parece permitir la datación en el s. XVI a.C. de diversas inscripciones alfabéticas. Aumentaría así en al menos dos siglos el techo cronológico de las más antiguas inscripciones alfabéticas datables con seguridad (los textos alfabéticos de Ugarit). Pero como se mostrará, lo esencial no es la forma de la escritura (cuneiforme o lineal) o la lengua que la empleaba (ugarítico, fenicio, etc.), sino el sistema de escritura en sí mismo (el alfabeto) y la familia lingúistica a la que está asociado (el semítico noroccidental). A partir del s. XII a.C., por causas históricas diversas, desapareció de las escrituras de Siria-Palestina el elemento cuneiforme: lo que pervivió fue el sistema alfabético, en su versión lineal de 22 caracteres.
Self-Assembly and Characterization of Polyaniline and Sulfonated Polystyrene Multilayer-Coated Colloidal Particles and Hollow Shells (2003)

Conductive core-shell particles were prepared by the deposition of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) multilayers onto polystyrene (PS) colloidal particles via the alternate electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. PSS was used as a polymeric counterion for multilayer formation as well as a stabilizer and codopant for PANI. Electrophoresis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the regular growth of PSS/PANI multilayers on PS colloidal particles. It was found that the PSS/PANI-coated particle is oxidatively more stable due to stabilization of the partially oxidized emeraldine salt by PSS. The conductivity of (PSS/PANI)5-coated PS particles was 0.003 S/cm and increased to 0.1 S/cm after additional dopant exposure with HCl vapor. Furthermore, hollow shells made up of PSS/PANI layers were produced by dissolution of the PS core from PSS/PANI-coated particles. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that PSS/PANI multilayers maintained their oxidative stability and electrochemical properties after removal of the core.
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against doxorubicin‐induced neuronal oxidant injury (2003)

Abstract Oxygen‐derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin‐induced toxicities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, on doxorubicin‐induced neuronal oxidative injury in rats. The rats were treated with CAPE (10μmol/kg/day i.p.) or saline starting 2 days before a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline. Ten days after the first experiments, the brain was excised to analyze the activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Doxorubicin alone resulted in higher MDA level in brain tissue than the other groups. The activity of catalase was higher in doxorubicin plus CAPE group than doxorubicin group. There were no significant differences in NO level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and superoxide dismutase activities between the groups. There were negative correlations between GSG‐Px activity and MDA level in both doxorubicin and doxorubicin plus CAPE groups. It can be concluded that doxorubicin induced oxidant injury can be prevented by CAPE treatment through its antioxidant properties in rat brain.
A Dynamic Countermeasure Method to Android Malware by User Approval (2013)

Android malware is increasing and flooded with malware which disguise as popular applications and execute malicious attacks within the scope of permissions which was approved by users. Such malware can be prevented by confirming all risky permissions. However confirming permissions is not full preparation for preventing infection, because of defective Android Permission System. Several functions which should be restricted are often not restricted by appropriate permissions. Moreover, applications can go beyond the approved permission by using Intent. This paper proposes a dynamic approval system. When an application executes an action which requires the permission, the proposed system shows a user such adequate information that he/she can judge whether the application is malicious or not. So he/she can determine whether to grant an application's action. The aim of the proposal system is to make fine grained application controllability, so that users can protect their personal valuable information from malware.
Autotaxin expression and its connection with the TNF-alpha-NF-κB axis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

This report highlights for the first time the clinical and biological evidence for the involvement of ATX in human HCC. Our observation that links the TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB axis and the ATX-LPA signaling pathway suggests that ATX is likely playing an important role in inflammation related liver tumorigenesis.
PUVA therapy for polymorphous light eruptions: comparison of systemic methoxsalen and topical trioxsalen regimens and evaluation of local protective mechanisms (1982)

Twenty-six patients with long-standing, recurrent polymorphous light eruptions were treated with psoralen photochemotherapy. Thirteen patients received oral methoxsalen, while 13 were photosensitized by trioxsalen baths. After an average of 20 PUVA exposures, a good or excellent therapeutic result was achieved in 12 of the orally treated and 10 of the topically treated patients. In most of the cases, clinical desensitization lasted throughout the summer season, without further PUVA exposures. When the polymorphic phototest reaction (PPR) was registered 72 h after skin testing with a medium pressure mercury lamp, a remarkable reduction or total abolition of the reaction was seen in tests made on PUVA-exposed skin, as compared with tests made on a comparable skin site, shielded from UVA exposure during the treatments. A concomitant decrease in the erythemal reactivity (MED) of the skin was usually--though not invariably--seen. It is concluded that in addition to including an increase in the shielding properties of stratum corneum, PUVA treatment may induce non-responsiveness in PMLE skin by other, possibly anti-inflammatory or immunological mechanisms.
EFFICIENT SCREENING OF PROCESS VARIABLES (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEFFICIENT SCREENING OF PROCESS VARIABLESRobert A. Stowe and Raymond P. MayerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1966, 58, 2, 36–40Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50674a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50674a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cl− Regulates the Structure of the Fibrin Clot (1998)

The differences between coarse and fine fibrin clots first reported by Ferry have been interpreted in terms of nonspecific ionic strength effects for nearly 50 years and have fostered the notion that fibrin polymerization is largely controlled by electrostatic forces. Here we report spectroscopic and electron microscopy studies carried out in the presence of different salts that demonstrate that this long-held interpretation needs to be modified. In fact, the differences are due entirely to the specific binding of Cl- to fibrin fibers and not to generic ionic strength or electrostatic effects. Binding of Cl- opposes the lateral aggregation of protofibrils and results in thinner fibers that are also more curved than those grown in the presence of inert anions such as F-. The effect of Cl- is pH dependent and increases at pH > 8.0, whereas fibers grown in the presence of F- remain thick over the entire pH range from 6.5 to 9.0. From the pH dependence of the Cl- effect it is suggested that the anion exerts its role by increasing the pKa of a basic group ionizing around pH 9.2. The important role of Cl- in structuring the fibrin clot also clarifies the role played by the release of fibrinopeptide B, which leads to slightly thicker fibers in the presence of Cl- but actually reduces the size of the fibers in the presence of F-. This effect becomes more evident at high, close to physiological concentrations of fibrinogen. We conclude that Cl- is a basic physiological modulator of fibrin polymerization and acts to prevent the growth of thicker, stiffer, and straighter fibers by increasing the pKa of a basic group. This discovery opens new possibilities for the design of molecules that can specifically modify the clot structure by targeting the structural domains responsible for Cl- binding to fibrin.
The Value of a Multi-perforated Screen in Deep X-ray Therapy (1933)

THE deleterious effect on the skin of delivering large doses of x-rays to an underlying tumor has been frequently the main deterrent to the successful treatment of malignancies. The method at present proposed to circumvent this difficulty is based on the fact, well known to all x-ray therapists, that when small areas of skin are treated, as in epitheliomas or verrucæ, large doses of radiation (from four to six erythema doses to an area 1 cm. in diameter) can be given with safety. Apparently the presence of adjoining normal tissue protects the small radiated area from vesiculation and ulceration. Taking advantage of this observation, the author began a study of the effects of radiating deep structures through numerous small areas simultaneously (say, from 200 to 400 areas per large portal). The radiation is delivered through a multi-perforator, a sheet of lead from 1.5 mm. to 2 mm. in thickness, with uniform perforations regularly spaced and comprising a definite percentage of the total square area. This perforated lead sheet is placed on the skin. The perforations obviously can be of different sizes and shapes, exposing more or less of the skin to direct radiation, and leaving greater or smaller isthmuses of normal skin, protected by lead, to act as centers of healing in case the radiation is of such magnitude as to cause ulceration of the radiated skin. Some of the designs tried out were as follows: 1. Strips of lead 1 cm. wide and 20 cm. long, 10 in number, fastened to a 20 × 20 cm. piece of celluloid, 1 cm. space between the strips of lead. This design was found not to be servicable on account of insufficient protection to the skin. 2. Lead squares, 1 × 1 cm. each, arranged in a checkerboard fashion, fastened to a piece of celluloid, alternating the lead squares with equal spaces. This method was found to be unserviceable on account of the difficulties of proper construction and insufficiency of protection. 3. A latticework effect in a sheet of lead, obtained by punching out squares, lozenge shapes, or hexagonal perforations, leaving an area of one-half the original area. This method has been found to be unserviceable when (1) the perforations are of 1 sq. cm. area, on account of too narrow, uniform isthmuses of protected skin, resulting in insufficient protection ; (2) when perforations are of less than 0.5 sq. cm. area, the angles interfering with delivery of maximum radiation, especially if the perforator has to be bent over the treated area, and forms an angle with a perpendicular to the central ray. 4. Round or oval perforations of varying sizes from 2 to 8 mm. in diameter, the perforated area comprising two-thirds, one-half, or one-fourth of the total area. This type is not difficult of construction and offers the maximum skin protection, especially if the perforations are less than 8 mm. in diameter.
Aerothionin, a tetrabromo-compound from Aplysina aerophoba and Verongia thiona (1970)

E. Fattorusso, L. Minale, G. Sodano, K. Moody and R. H. Thomson, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 752 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000752
Homeobox-Only Protein Expression Is a Critical Prognostic Indicator of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Is Regulated by Promoter DNA Hypermethylation (2016)

Homeobox-only protein expression is a critical prognostic indicator of pNET, and its regulation may be made through promoter DNA methylation.
Imaging of near-surface heterogeneities by scattered elastic waves (2015)

ABSTRACT We have developed an elastic reverse time migration (RTM) approach for imaging near-surface heterogeneities, such as karst features, using scattered waves (e.g., body to P-, S-, and surface waves). Knowledge of location and strength of the scatterers helps in seismic imaging, survey planning, and geotechnical site characterization. To model seismic wave propagation for RTM, we use an elastic staggered-grid finite-difference scheme. The scattered body-to-surface waves provide optimal illumination and wavenumber coverage of the near surface as they travel horizontally along the free surface. We tested the elastic RTM approach on synthetic data simulated using a finite-difference solver and found it to be robust.
State-Trajectory Analysis and Control of LLC Resonant Converters (2013)

With the fast development of communication systems, computers and consumer electronics, the power supplies for telecoms, servers, desktops, laptops, flat-panel TVs, LED lighting, etc. are required for more power delivery with smaller spaces. The LLC resonant converter has been widely adopted for these applications due to the advantages in high efficiency, high power density and holdup time operation capability. However, unlike PWM converters, the control of the LLC resonant converter is much more difficult because of the fast dynamic characteristic of the resonant tank. In some highly dynamic processes like the load transient, start-up, over-load protection and burst operation, it is hard to control the current and voltage stresses and oscillations in the resonant tank. Moreover, to meet the high power density requirement, the LLC is required to operate at a high switching frequency. Thus the driving of the synchronous rectifier (SR) poses a design challenge as well. To analyze the fast dynamic characteristic, a graphic state-plane technique has been adopted for a class of resonant converters. In this work, it has been extended to the LLC resonant converter. First of all, the LLC steady state and dynamic behaviors are analyzed in the state plane. After that, a simplified implementation of the optimal trajectory control is proposed to significantly improve the load transient response: the new steady state can be tracked in the minimal period of time. With the advantages of the state-trajectory analysis and digital control, the LLC soft start-up is optimized as well. The current and voltage stress is limited in the resonant tank during the start-up process. The output voltage is built up quickly and smoothly. Furthermore, the LLC burst mode is investigated and optimized in the state plane. Several optimal switching patterns are proposed to improve the light load efficiency and minimize the dynamic oscillations. During the burst on-time, the LLC can be controlled to track the steady state of the best efficiency load condition in one-pulse time. Thus, high light-load efficiency is accomplished. Finally, an intelligent SR driving scheme is proposed and its simple digital implementation is introduced. By sensing the SR drain to source voltage and detecting the paralleled body diode conduction, the SR gate driving signal can be tuned within all operating frequency regions. In conclusion, this work not only solves some major academic problems about analysis and control of the LLC resonant converter based on the graphic state plane, but also makes significant contributions to the industry by improving the LLC transient responses and overall efficiency.
Benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide. (1988)

Benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide (BTMA Br3), a stable solid brominating agent, can be prepared by the reaction of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride with sodium bromate and hydrobromic acid in aqueous solution. In this article, the useful synthetic applications of BTMA Br3 are described. The reactions of aromatic compounds such as phenols, aromatic amines, aromatic ethers and acetanilides with BTMA Br3 in dichloromethane-methanol at room temperature give easily bromo-substituted products in good yields, respectively. On the reaction of arenes with BTMA Br3, electrophilic.bromination occurs in acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride, and benzylic brominatlon proceeds in refluxing benzene in the presence of AIBN. Furthermore, BTMA Br3 reacts with acetyl derivatives to give dibromoacetyl derivatives, and with alkenes to give 1, 2-dibromo adducts.
MK2 regulates the early stages of skin tumor promotion (2009)

The association between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well recognized. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) is known to play a pivotal role in inflammatory processes. Here, we studied the effect of MK2-deficiency and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-deficiency on skin tumor development in mice using the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. We found that MK2(-/-) mice developed significantly fewer skin tumors compared with both TNF-alpha(-/-) and wild-type mice when induced by initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The TPA-induced inflammatory response was reduced in both, TNF-alpha(-/-) mice and MK2(-/-) mice, but most pronounced in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice, indicating that a reduced inflammatory response was not the only explanation for the inhibited tumorigenesis seen in MK2(-/-) mice. Interestingly, increased numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the epidermis of MK2(-/-) mice compared with TNF-alpha(-/-) and wild-type mice, suggesting an additional role of MK2 in the regulation of apoptosis. This was further supported by: (i) increased levels of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in MK2(-/-) mice after DMBA/TPA treatment compared with controls, (ii) reduced phosphorylation (activation) of the negative p53 regulator, murine double minute 2 in MK2(-)(/-) mouse keratinocytes in vitro and (iii) a significant decrease in the DMBA/TPA induced apoptosis in cultured MK2(-/-) keratinocytes transfected with p53 small interfering RNA. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a dual role of MK2 in the early stages of tumor promotion through regulation of both the inflammatory response and apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells. These results also identify MK2 as a putative target for future skin carcinoma therapy.
Cisplatin, Gentamicin, and p-Aminophenol Induce Markers of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Rat Kidneys (2007)

In vitro evidence of the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during drug-induced renal toxicity is accumulating. ER stress and ER-mediated cell death markers have been reported after exposure of renal cells to model toxicants and nephrotoxic drugs in various in vitro models, but in vivo experiments with clinically relevant nephrotoxic compounds are lacking. In order to determine the relevance of the in vitro findings, markers of ER stress (XBP1 messenger RNA processing and protein expression; GRP78 and GRP94 upregulation) and ER-mediated cell death (caspase-12 and calpain activation) were examined in kidney tissue of rats exposed to nephrotoxic doses of cisplatin (CIS), gentamicin (GEN), and p-aminophenol (PAP), a nephrotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen. XBP1 signaling was observed with all three drugs and was associated with increased expression of GRP94 and GRP78 in GEN- and PAP-treated animals, but surprisingly not after CIS exposure. m-Calpain expression was increased after 7 days of CIS treatment, whereas it was decreased in PAP-treated rats. Caspase-12 cleavage products were increased after CIS, GEN, and PAP administration. The results of this study demonstrate that three clinically relevant nephrotoxic drugs are all associated with changes in markers of ER stress and ER-mediated cell death in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to determine the role of the ER, the calpain system, and caspase-12 in drug-induced renal cell death.