gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder With Continuous-Infusion Gallium Nitrate (1991)

Journal Article Treatment of Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder With Continuous-Infusion Gallium Nitrate Get access Paul A. Seligman, Paul A. Seligman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. David Crawford E. David Crawford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 21, 6 November 1991, Pages 1582–1584, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.21.1582 Published: 06 November 1991 Article history Received: 12 June 1991 Revision received: 15 August 1991 Accepted: 21 August 1991 Published: 06 November 1991
Proglobulin Processing Enzyme in Vacuoles Isolated from Developing Pumpkin Cotyledons (1987)

The enzymic conversion of proglobulin to globulin catalyzed by the extracts of vacuoles isolated from developing pumpkin (Cucurbita sp. cv Kurokawa Amakuri Nankin) cotyledons was investigated. The endoplasmic reticulum fraction isolated from the developing cotyledons pulselabeled with [(35)S]methionine was shown to contain mainly the radiolabeled proglobulin, which was used as a substrate for assaying the proteolytic processing in vitro. The vacuolar extracts catalyzed the proteolytic processing of the proglobulin molecule to produce globulin containing two kinds of polypeptide chains, gamma and delta. The pH optimum for the vacuole-mediated conversion was at pH 5.0. The proteolytic processing of proglobulin by the vacuolar extracts was inhibited in the presence of various thiol reagents, e.g. p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetic acid, Hg(2+), and Cu(2+), but not phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, EDTA, o-phenanthroline, leupeptin, antipain, pepstatin, chymostatin, or pumpkin trypsin inhibitor, and was activated in the presence of dithiothreitol and cysteine, indicating that the processing enzyme is a thiol protease. The suborganellar fractionation of the vacuoles showed that the processing activity was localized in the matrix fraction, but not in the membrane or crystalloid fractions. During the seed development, the enzyme was shown to increase, exhibiting the maximal activity at the late developmental stage. The matrix fraction of the protein bodies isolated from the dry castor bean (Ricinus communis) exhibited the processing activity toward the pumpkin proglobulin molecules in the same manner as that by the matrix fraction of pumpkin vacuoles.
Chinese Society of Allergy Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2018)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2-3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of Journal Articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Immunotargeting of glucose oxidase: intracellular production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>and endothelial oxidative stress (1999)

Extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species attack different targets and may, therefore, result in different forms of oxidative stress. To specifically study an oxidative stress induced by a regulated intracellular flux of a defined reactive oxygen species in endothelium, we used immunotargeting of the H(2)O(2)-generating enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX) conjugated with an antibody to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1, an endothelial surface antigen. Anti-PECAM-(125)I-GOX conjugates specifically bind to both endothelial and PECAM-transfected cells. Approximately 70% of cell-bound anti-PECAM-(125)I-GOX was internalized. The cell-bound conjugate was enzymatically active and generated H(2)O(2) from glucose. Use of the fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine 123 revealed that 70% of H(2)O(2) was generated intracellularly, whereas 30% of H(2)O(2) was detected in the cell medium. Catalase added to the cells eliminated H(2)O(2) in the medium but had little effect on the intracellular generation of H(2)O(2) by anti-PECAM-GOX. Both H(2)O(2) added exogenously to the cell medium (extracellular H(2)O(2)) and that generated by anti-PECAM-GOX caused oxidative stress manifested by time- and dose-dependent irreversible plasma membrane damage. Inactivation of cellular catalase by aminotriazole treatment augmented damage caused by either extracellular H(2)O(2) or anti-PECAM-GOX. Catalase added to the medium protected either normal or aminotriazole-treated cells against extracellular H(2)O(2), yet failed to protect cells against injury induced by anti-PECAM-GOX. Therefore, treatment of PECAM-positive cells with anti-PECAM-GOX leads to conjugate internalization, predominantly intracellular H(2)O(2) generation and intracellular oxidative stress. These results indicate that anti-PECAM-GOX 1) provides cell-specific intracellular delivery of an active enzyme and 2) causes intracellular oxidative stress in PECAM-positive cells.
Composite TiSi<inf>2</inf>/n+ poly-Si low resistivity gate electrode and interconnect for VLSI device technology (1981)

A composite polycide structure consisting of coevaporated TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> film on top of polysilicon is studied as a replacement for polysilicon as gate electrode and interconnect line in very large scale integrated circuits. Coevaporated TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> polycide gate with sheet resistivity of 1 Ω/square (bulk resistivity of 21 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\micro\Omega</tex> -cm) was chosen for this study because of 2 times to 5 times lower resistivity as compared to other silicides. Anisotropic etching of nominally 1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\micro</tex> m lines with a 15:1 etch selectivity against oxide is reported. The device characteristics of MOSFET's with TiSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> polycide gates correspond very closely to those with n+ poly-Si gates.
Long-Term Effect of Incadronate Disodium (YM-175) on Fracture Healing of Femoral Shaft in Growing Rats (2001)

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of incadronate on fracture healing of the femoral shaft in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley 8-week-old rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) with either vehicle (V group) or two doses of incadronate (10 microg/kg and 100 microg/kg) three times a week for 2 weeks. Right femoral diaphysis was then fractured and fixed with intramedullary stainless wire. Just after fracture, incadronate treatment was stopped in pretreatment groups (P groups: P-10 and P-100) or continued in continuous treatment groups (C groups: C-10 and C-100). All rats were killed at 25 weeks or 49 weeks after surgery. Fractured femur was evaluated radiologically and mechanically and then stained in Villanueva bone stain and embedded in methyl methacrylate. Undecalcified cross-sections from the fracture area were evaluated microradiologically and histomorphometrically. Radiographic observation showed that the fracture line disappeared in all groups. Cross-sectional area in the C-100 group was the biggest among all groups and in the C-10 group was larger than that in the V group at 25 weeks. Histological and histomorphometric observations showed that the process of fracture healing was delayed under continuous treatment with incadronate as evidenced by the delay of both lamellar cortical shell formation and resolution of original cortex in C groups. Percent linear labeling perimeter, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR) in C groups significantly decreased compared with the other groups, indicating that the callus remodeling was suppressed under continuous treatment, especially with a high dose. Mechanical study showed that the stiffness and ultimate load of the fractured femur in the C 100 group were the highest among all groups at both 25 weeks and 49 weeks. In conclusion, this study showed that long-term continuous treatment with incadronate delayed the process of fracture healing of femur in rats, especially under high dose but it did not impair the recovery of mechanical integrity of the fracture.
Memory for context becomes less specific with time (2007)

Context memories initially require the hippocampus, but over time become independent of this structure. This shift reflects a consolidation process whereby memories are gradually stored in distributed regions of the cortex. The function of this process is thought to be the extraction of statistical regularities and general knowledge from specific experiences. The current study examined this idea in mice by measuring the specificity of context memories during consolidation. In the first experiment, separate groups of animals were trained with a single shock and tested in the training context or a novel environment 1, 14, 28, or 36 d later. We found a systematic increase in generalization over this period. Initially, mice froze more in the training context, but fear of the novel environment grew over time until animals eventually froze an equivalent amount in both contexts. The second experiment demonstrated that the increase in generalization was due to a loss of detailed information about the context and not fear incubation. In this experiment, mice were exposed to the context and then trained with an immediate shock 1 or 36 d later. Animals trained 1 d after exposure acquired robust context fear that did not generalize across environments. In contrast, mice trained 36 d after exposure froze an equivalent amount in the training context and the novel environment. The same profile was observed in H-ras mutants that exhibit enhanced hippocampal plasticity and learning. These results suggest that context memories are specific early after training when they require the hippocampus, and become more general as they are permanently stored in the cortex.
Cold-side desulfurization by humidification of fly ash in CFB boilers (1995)

It is expected that sulfur emission regulations for fluidized bed boilers will continue to become more stringent. By capturing sulfur in-situ with furnace limestone injection, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers have been quite successful in achieving capture efficiencies of up to 93%. However, CFB operating experience has shown that extending sulfur capture beyond this level results in a diminishing return relationship and requires a substantial increase in limestone consumption, especially for fuels with a relatively low (< 1.0%) sulfur content. Such an increase in limestone consumption can have numerous effects upon boiler design and performance, including: increased ash handling system requirements; higher operating cost of increased limestone consumption; increased NO{sub x} emissions; a detrimental effect upon SNCR performance, higher pH of ash leachate; and lower boiler efficiency. For future power generation projects, which are predicted to require increasingly higher sulfur capture efficiencies, the combination of the above listed conditions could result in a CFB boiler being cost-prohibitive in comparison to a pulverized coal boiler for a given coal. Clearly, CFB boilers will require a refined operating strategy, together with a consideration of auxiliary desulfurization technology, in order to remain competitive in the future energy equipment market.
LTPS TFT Process on Polyimide Substrate for Flexible AMOLED (2015)

For conventional active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) flat panel displays, low temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistor (LTPS TFT) on rigid glass substrate process has already been well established. However, this technology cannot be applied directly on polyimide (PI) substrate for flexible display. This is because PI has the different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) from the glass, which will result in PI film peeling-off and/or warpage issues under conventional LTPS-TFT process technology. In this paper, a process flow of LTPS TFT on PI substrate for flexible display application was discussed. A flexible display demo system was successfully made by optimizing the LTPS TFT process.
Increased osmolality of breast milk with therapeutic additives (2004)

Routine additives can significantly increase the osmolality of EBM to levels that exceed current guidelines for premature infant feeding. A simple guide for clinical use is presented, which indicates the amount of milk required as diluent if hyperosmolality is to be avoided.
Nitric Oxide Radical Trapping Analysis on Vacuum-Ultraviolet Treated Polymers (1998)

Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation causes the dissociation of organic σ bonds such as the C−C and the C−H bonds in polyolefins. The radicals formed in this process were investigated by trapping with nitric oxide. PE, PP, and PS were irradiated in ultrahigh vacuum with the MgF2-filtered radiation of a hydrogen plasma. After an irradiation period of 1 h and an immediate radical trapping, PE, PP, and PS incorporate 1.4, 0.4, and 0.2 atom % nitrogen, respectively, measured by XPS. These nitrogen concentrations correspond to 5.4 × 1020, 1.4 × 1020, and 0.8 × 1020 spins/cm3, respectively. By the fitting of the XPS-N1s peaks, detailed information about the nitrogen functional groups and about the original radical types was obtained.
Tiefgefrierkonservierung von Kaninchensperma. Einfluβ eines oberflächenaktiven Präparates auf die Befruchtungsfähigkeit (1988)

Inhalt: Zur Klärung, ob die im früheren Versuch beobachtete kopfkappenschützende Wirkung eines Na‐Lauyl‐Sulphat enthaltenden Präparates (OEP) zu einer Erhöhung der Fruchtbarkeitsraten beim tiefgefrorenen (TG) Kaninchensperma beiträgt, wurden 19 Ejakulate nach Verdünnung mit 4,5% (Franktion I) und 9,0% (Fraktion III) Dimithyl‐Sulphbxyd (DMSO) enthaftenden TRIS‐Verdünnern, jeweils ohne und mit Zugabe von 0,2 % OEP (Fraktionen II u. IV), in 0,25 ml “Minitübs” eingefroren. OEP zeigte keinen Einfluβ auf die Motilität (MOT), bewirkte aber eine signifikante Erhöhung intakter Kopfkappen (NAR) im Vergleich beider 9,0% DMSO Fraktionen. Pro TG‐Sperma‐Fraktion wurden 50 Häsinnen besamt. Als Kontrolle dienten ebenfalls 50 Besamungen mit Frischsperma (Fraktion V). Die ausgewerteten Konzeptionsraten (I=42%; II=34,7%; III=18%; IV=28%; V=52%), sowie auch die Wurfgröβe (I=6,0; II=4,8; III=3,3; (V=2,5; V=6,2) lassen erkennen, daβ die kopfkappenschützende Wirkung von OEP nicht oder nur bedingt mit einer Steigerung der Konzeptionsrate einhergeht. Eine Minderung der Befruchtungsfähigkeit des Spermas durch Zugabe von OEP konnte statistisch nicht abgesichert werden . Contents: Deep freezing of rabbit. Effect of a surfactant on fertilizing capacity. In order to clear, if the protective effect of a Na‐lauyl‐sulphat containing product (OEP) on acrosomes would increase the fertilyzing capacity of frozen rabbit semen, 19 ejaculates were frozen after dilutiun with TRIS‐extenders containing 4,5% (fraction I), 9,0% (fraction III) dimethyl‐sulphoxyde (DMSO) without and with 0,2% OEP (fractions II and IV). Semen was frozen in 0,25 straws. OEP did'nt have any effect on motility (MOT) of thawed semen, but had a significant effect on acrosome integrity (NAR), compairing both 9,0% DMSO fractions. 50 does were inseminated with each frozen semen fraction and another 50 with fresh semen as controls (fraction V). Conception rates (I=42%, II=34.7%, III=18%, IV=28%, V=52%) and litter size (I=6.0, II=4.8, III=3.3, IV=2.5, V=6.2) indicate that the protective effect of OEP on acrosomes does not or only conditionally increases the conception rates. A negative effect of OEP on fertilizing capacity of sperm could not be stated .
Infection with AIDS-related herpesviruses in human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants and endemic childhood Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. (1997)

Novel herpesviruses have been described recently. These include human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 (HHV-6, -7, -8). HHV-6 has at least two strain groups, variants A and B. The B strains are predominant in the West and can account for over 97% of infections in infants. In contrast, the A strains are rare and the few well-characterized isolates have been from adult African AIDS patients. It is not clear whether the HHV-6 variant A strains are AIDS-related and/or whether they can also be acquired as childhood infections and may reactivate later during adulthood. What contribution geographical variation plays has yet to be assessed. HHV-8 has been associated with AIDS-related epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), but has also been identified in endemic KS. In regions of Africa where KS is endemic, the onset of AIDS has led to increased prevalence of KS. In this report, we examine in Zambia, an AIDS epidemic and KS endemic region, infection with these novel herpesviruses during infancy. In blood samples from human immunodeficiency virus-negative infants with first febrile episode, both semi-quantitative PCR and sequence analyses were used to identify HHV-8 in 8% and HHV-6 in 30%, with 44% of these variant A; in childhood endemic KS biopsies HHV-8 was detected in 100% and HHV-6 in none. The high viral-DNA loads in the infant blood samples were consistent with viraemia. This is the first demonstration that HHV-6 variant A and HHV-8 may be acquired as common childhood infections.
Fallopian tube catheterization: modified fluoroscopic technique. (1990)

The authors describe a modification of previously described techniques for fallopian tube catheterization. Tubal catheterization was performed with standard techniques in nine patients. In nine patients tubal catheterization was achieved with a metal self-retaining uterine cannula and catheter set. The authors believe that the modified equipment offers several advantages over other available systems.
Long-Lived Radioactive Carbon:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1941)

A long-lived activity has been obtained by deuteron bombardment of graphite. This activity has been shown by chemical methods to be isotopic with carbon. The same activity has been obtained by slow neutron irradiation of nitrogenous compounds (N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$N${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, etc.). The radiations consist of low energy negative electrons with a range of 19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ aluminum (145\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 kev upper energy limit). No soft or hard gamma-rays could be detected. The nuclear reactions must be ${\mathrm{C}}^{13} (d,p) {\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}^{14} (n,p) {\mathrm{C}}^{14}$. A sample has been followed in a screen wall Geiger counter for 9 months and has shown no decay. From cross section and yield estimates the half-life of ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ is probably ${10}^{3}$-${10}^{5}$ years. The production, isolation, and detection of ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ for tracer work is described.
Gradient coil design using active magnetic screening (1991)

Active magnetic screening allows the production of gradient coils which are magnetically decoupled from their surroundings. Using such coils the eddy current problems associated with the generation of large, rapidly switched gradients within the confines of a superconductive magnet can be eliminated. In this paper the principles of active screening are outlined and some of the methods of designing screened gradient coils are described. Problems relating to the construction of screened gradient coils are also addressed.
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT (2009)

C.A. Nos. 08-3452 & 08-3893 DAMON JONES, Appellant VS. LORI LAPINA, P.A.; STANLEY FALOR, M.D.; JOHN OR JANE DOE (W.D. Pa. Civ. No. 06-cv-01209) Present: FISHER, JORDAN and VAN ANTWERPEN, Circuit Judges Submitted are: (1) Appellant’s motion to quash untimely brief; (2) Appellees’ response to motion quash; (3) Appellees’ addendum to response; (4) Appellant’s reply to Appellees’ response; (5) Appellees’ supplemental response to motion to quash; and (6) Appellees’ addendum to supplemental response in the above-captioned case.
Preparation of macrodiols and polyols by chopping high‐molecular‐weight aliphatic polycarbonates (2014)

ABSTRACT High‐molecular‐weight poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate) (PBC) ( M n : 40,000−90,000) was prepared through the condensation polymerization of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and 1,4‐butanediol (BD) in the presence of 0.05 mol % sodium alkoxide catalyst. The subsequent feeding of 15 mol % HOAOH, such as 1,6‐hexanediol, 1,5‐pentanediol, 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, or 1,4‐benzenedimethanol and stirring at 190–150 °C converted the extremely thick high‐molecular‐weight polymer to low‐molecular‐weight macrodiols with GPC‐measured M n ∼2000. The analysis of the 1 H NMR spectra indicated that the –A– units and 1,4‐butylene units were randomly distributed in the resulting oligomers. The chopping of the high‐molecular‐weight PBC using either triols or tetraols such as glycerol propoxylate, 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, or pentaerythritol also afforded macropolyols containing branched chains with GPC‐measured M n ∼2000. When the chopped polymers were genuine PBCs, the resulting macrodiols or polyols were in a waxy state at room temperature. However, permanently oily compounds were obtained when the chopped polymers were prepared using 0.90 mole fraction of BD admixed with various other diols. The macrodiols and polyols synthesized in this study may have potential applications in the polyurethane industry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 1570–1580