gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CREAM: A Concurrent-Refresh-Aware DRAM Memory architecture (2014)

As DRAM density keeps increasing, more rows need to be protected in a single refresh with the constant refresh number. Since no memory access is allowed during a refresh, the refresh penalty is no longer trivial and can result in significant performance degradation. To mitigate the refresh penalty, a Concurrent-REfresh-Aware Memory system (CREAM) is proposed in this work so that memory access and refresh can be served in parallel. The proposed CREAM architecture distinguishes itself with the following key contributions: (1) Under a given DRAM power budget, sub-rank-level refresh (SRLR) is developed to reduce refresh power and the saved power is used to enable concurrent memory access; (2) sub-array-level refresh (SALR) is also devised to effectively lower the probability of the conflict between memory access and refresh; (3) In addition, novel sub-array level refresh scheduling schemes, such as sub-array round-robin and dynamic scheduling, are designed to further improve the performance. A quasi-ROR interface protocol is proposed so that CREAM is fully compatible with JEDEC-DDR standard with negligible hardware overhead and no extra pin-out. The experimental results show that CREAM can improve the performance by 12.9% and 7.1% over the conventional DRAM and the Elastic-Refresh DRAM memory, respectively.
White Light Emitting Electrophosphorescent Devices with Solution Processed Emission Layer (2006)

White light emitting diodes with high efficiency and brightness have been fabricated using phosphorescent materials by spin coating an emission layer. The emission layer consisted of sky blue and orange light emitting materials based on iridium complexes, which were dissolved in toluene solvent with 4,4'-bis(carbazoyl-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) as a host and polystyrene as a binder. The introduction of polystyrene binder resulted in not only good film forming properties but also better device performance than that of poly(vinyl carbazole) conventionally used as a host material. The device structure was ITO/PEDT:PSS/emission layer/BAlq/LiF/Al. The color of the devices varied according to the composition of light emitting materials and the device having the closest to white emission showed CIE coordinates of (0.33,0.39) with an external quantum efficiency and a current efficiency of 6.1% and 13 cd/A, respectively, at 100 cd/m 2 .
Centrifuges: their development and use in gravitational biology. (1992)

The nature of centrifuges and their use in biological research are reviewed historically. Centrifuges are particularly important to research in gravitational biology because the inertial (centrifugal) forces developed by motion can be combined with gravitation to produce gravitational fields other than Earth gravity. In orbiting satellites centrifuges can provide an on-board 1 g environment. A similarity of results from the orbiting and ground-based 1 g controls will provide an essential assurance that the biological responses to the spacecraft environment are the result of changes in the gravitational field. The relationship of biological responses to gravitational fields greater or less than Earth gravity is considered. However, at present there is insufficient equivalent information to decide whether there is or is not a proportionality of response to fields stronger or weaker than Earth gravity.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of near-infrared fluorescent pH indicators in a physiologically relevant range (2005)

Removal of a hydroxylsulfonylbutyl arm from indocyanine green dye produced a pH-sensitive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent indicator that is useful at physiological range.
Correlation between Maximum Walking Speed and Muscle Strength of Lower Extremities in Patients Treated by Rotational Acetabular Osteotomy. (1996)

寛骨臼回転骨切り術後の下肢筋力が荷重位での運動能力に与える影響を検討する目的で，術後患者7名（RAO群），健常者8名（健常群）を対象に，10m最大歩行速度および膝関節伸展，股関節外転の等速性筋力の測定を行った。RAO群は，健常群に比べ10m最大歩行速度（p<0.01），歩行率，膝関節伸展筋力，股関節外転筋力（p<0.05）で有意な低値を示した。また，RAO群では10m最大歩行速度と身長（r=0.84），重複歩距離（r=0.79）に，重複歩距離と膝関節伸展筋力（r=0.80）に相関関係を認めた。このことから，RAO群の歩行能力を規定する要因として膝関節伸展，股関節外転筋力の重要性が見出された。
Large‐scale preparation of T4 endonuclease VII from over‐expressing bacteria (1990)

Endonuclease VII is the product of gene 49 of phage T4 and was the first enzyme shown to resolve Holliday structures in vitro [Mizuuchi, K. et al. (1982) Cell 29 , 357–365]. Low amounts of the enzyme were originally purified from phage‐infected cells [Kemper, B. & Garabett, M. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 115 , 123–131]. We now report a purification procedure for milligram amounts of cloned endonuclease VII expressed in Escherichia coli with gene 49 under the control of a temperature‐inducible promoter on a plasmid system [Tomaschewski, J. (1988) PhD Thesis, University of Bochum, FRG]. The protein was purified 500‐fold from crude extracts in five steps with a recovery of 15%. The steps include (a) poly(ethyleneglycol)/dextran two‐phase separation; (b) DEAE‐cellulose; (c) single‐stranded DNA‐agarose; (d) Mono‐Q and (e) Mono‐S chromatography. The final protein was more than 98% pure as estimated from SDS/PAGE analysis. The protein has an apparent molecular mass of 17.8 kDa on SDS‐containing polyacrylamide gels and 36 kDa when determined by gel filtration or sedimentation through sucrose gradients in the presence of high salt (600 mM NaCl). In the absence of additional salt, the enzyme has a tendency to aggregate and products of molecular masses differing in steps of about 18 kDa appear on SDS‐containing polyacrylamide gels.
Continuous ex vivo and in vivo monitoring with chemical sensors (1990)

Abstract The chemical species of principal clinical interest for continuous monitoring include oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, potassium, and glucose. Although sensors exist for all of these analytes, relatively few continuous monitors are used for blood chemistries. Reviewing the available electrochemical and optical approaches along with the expected system performance requirements provides some insight into the reasons for this. In particular, the performance of sensor systems is significantly dependent on the environment in which they are used: transcutaneous, intravascular, intramuscular, etc. The future success and acceptance of "real-time" continuous monitoring of the critically ill patient probably does not require the development of new sensors for additional species. Rather, improvements in the stability of existing devices and protection of the sensor's chemistry from the environment are needed. Eventually, the development of new sensing technologies, e.g., near infrared spectroscopy, may lead to a completely noninvasive system capable of monitoring a broad spectrum of analytes.
Reflexivity, revolution and innovation in work teams (2000)

Complex decision-making groups depend on learning that cannot occur without reflection. Learning in teams does not occur spontaneously; it requires deliberate allocation of the precious resource of time to that process. This chapter presents a framework for thinking about team reflection and guidelines for becoming effective at it. Empirical work in 150 companies has demonstrated that team reflection on objectives, strategies, processes, and environments may be the most critical factor\nleading to team effectiveness. The learning from reflection makes innovation possible. Innovation also depends on low market share, emphasis on quality, and use of teams. Teams may contribute, because they represent the best way of increasing the employees' sense of involvement or empowerment. However, it is harder to work in teams. And, an unsafe environment, such as one where downsizing is a threat or a recent experience, will impede the risk taking that innovation requires.
U. S. Combine in Shanghai Faces Liquidation (1935)

Other| July 17 1935 U. S. Combine in Shanghai Faces Liquidation W. W. L. W. W. L. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1935) 4 (14): 111–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022660 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. W. L.; U. S. Combine in Shanghai Faces Liquidation. Far Eastern Survey 17 July 1935; 4 (14): 111–112. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022660 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Phytotreatment of TNT-Contaminated Groundwater (1998)

Phytoremediation is a viable technique for treating nitroaromatic compounds, particularly munitions. Continuous flow phyto-reactor studies were conducted at the following three influent concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT): 1, 5, and 10 ppm. A control was also prepared with an influent TNT concentration of 5 ppm. Flow rates were systematically reduced to increase hydraulic retention times (HRT) which ranged from 12 to 76 days. Initially, the control reactor removed TNT as efficiently as the plant reactors. With time, however, the efficiency of the control became less than that of the plant reactors, suggesting that adsorption was initially the mechanism for removal. Up to 100% of the TNT was removed. Aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) effluent concentration was higher for higher TNT influent concentrations. Increasing the retention time reduced ADNT concentration in the effluent. Supplementary batch studies confirmed that ADNT and diaminonitrotoluene (DANT) were phytodegraded. Preliminary batch studies were also conducted on the degradation of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocine). These batch studies indicated that the degradation of RDX was slower than that for TNT. A study with HMX indicated that the removal rates were reasonable, but required a lag phase.
Image Denoising using Gaussian Scale Mixtures in the Wavelet Domain (2002)

We describe a method for removing noise from digital images, based on a statistical model of the coefficients of an overcomplete multi-scale oriented basis. Neighborhoods of coefficients at adjacent positions and scales are modeled as the product of two independent random variables: a Gaussian vector and a hidden positive scalar multiplier.
PCOS according to the Rotterdam consensus criteria: change in prevalence among WHO‐II anovulation and association with metabolic factors (2006)

The present findings indicate that with the new Rotterdam consensus criteria, oligo/anovulatory women with less severe metabolic derangement will be added to the heterogeneous group of women with PCOS.
Changes in the Galactose Content of IgG during Humoral Immune Responses (1998)

The Fc region of IgG bears two oligosaccharides of variable composition. The serum level of one variant which lacks terminal galactose and sialic acid (agalactosyl IgG) is raised in a number of autoimmune diseases and animal models thereof. Here it is shown that such changes in IgG glycosylation occur during non-pathological humoral immune responses. It was found that if specific pathogen free (SPF) CBA/Ca mice are transferred from a sterile to a conventional environment, their levels of total serum IgG rise whereas the degree of IgG galactosylation falls. Next, mice were immunised with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. As anti-BSA titres rose the antibodies became less galactosylated and later, as the titres fell, the antibodies became more galactosylated. By contrast, there was little or no variation in the relative galactosylation of total IgG. It is considered that the galactosylation of IgG antibodies varies during an immune response.
Discovery of GS-8374, a potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor with a superior resistance profile (2011)

Introduction of a unique phosphonate moiety at the P1 position of the TMC-126 (3) scaffold provided a series of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) with an improved resistance profile against highly resistant variants. Optimization of the linker and phosphonate moieties lead to the identification of GS-8374 (1). Compound 1 is a potent and orally bioavailable HIV-1 PI with a superior resistance profile. Synthesis and characterization of 1 are reported.
Nontranscriptional Regulation of Cardiac Repolarization Currents by Testosterone (2005)

The nontranscriptional regulation of IKs and I(Ca,L) by testosterone is a novel regulatory mechanism of cardiac repolarization that can potentially contribute to the control of QTc intervals by androgen.
Stomatin-like protein 2 is overexpressed and related to cell growth in human endometrial adenocarcinoma (2007)

Stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) is a novel and unusual stomatin homologue of unknown functions. It was first identified to be overexpressed and involved in regulating cell growth and cell adhesion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We show herein the involvement of SLP-2 in human endometrial adenocarcinoma, and the effects of SLP-2 on endometrial adenocarcinoma cell growth. The expression of SLP-2 was evaluated in human endometrial adenocarcinoma by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Westernblotting and immunohistochemistry. Sense and antisense SLP-2 eukaryotic expression plasmids were transfected into the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HEC-1B. MTT assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to investigate the roles of the SLP-2 gene. SLP-2 was overexpressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma compared with their normal counterparts (P<or=0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that SLP-2 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm with some distribution on the membrane. HEC-1B cells transfected with antisense SLP-2 showed decreased cell growth, whereas the cell growth increased with the sense transfection. SLP-2 was first identified as a novel cancer-related gene overexpressed in human endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cell growth changes with the sense and antisense transfection revealed that SLP-2 might be important in endometrial tumorigenesis.
Phone behaviour and its relationship to loneliness in older adults (2015)

These results demonstrate the close relationship between loneliness and social isolation, showing that phone behaviour is associated with emotional state and cognitive function. Because phone behaviour can be monitored unobtrusively, it may be possible to sense loneliness levels in older adults using objective assessments of key aspects of behaviour.
Genomic cloning and preliminary characterization of the human thymidine kinase gene. (1983)

In this report, we describe the cloning of the human cytoplasmic thymidine kinase (tk-C; EC 2.7.1.21) gene and its preliminary characterization. The tk-C sequences were isolated from a phage genomic library made from DNA of a transfected mouse cell carrying the human tk-C gene. The human transforming sequences were identified by homology with human Alu sequences. Six recombinant phages were isolated and five were competent to transfer human TK-C activity to TK-deficient mouse cells when transferred in pairs. Conclusively, sequences homologous to these clones are present in all human TK+ transformants examined. We estimate the maximal size of the tk-C gene to be 14 kilobase pairs and its minimal size to be between 4 and 5 kilobase pairs. The gene contains many noncoding inserts and numerous Alu sequences.
A cylindrically symmetric “micro-Mott” electron polarimeter (2016)

A small, novel, cylindrically symmetric Mott electron polarimeter is described. The effective Sherman function, Seff, or analyzing power, for 20 kV Au target bias with a 1.3 keV energy loss window is 0.16 ± 0.01, where uncertainty in the measurement is due primarily to uncertainty in the incident electron polarization. For an energy loss window of 0.5 keV, Seff reaches its maximum value of 0.24 ± 0.02. The device's maximum efficiency, I/Io, defined as the detected count rate divided by the incident particle rate, is 3.7 ± 0.2 × 10(-4) at 20 keV. The figure-of-merit of the device, η, is defined as Seff (2)IIo and equals 9.0 ± 1.6 × 10(-6). Potential sources of false asymmetries due to detector electronic asymmetry and beam misalignment have been investigated. The new polarimeter's performance is compared to published results for similar compact retarding-field Mott polarimeters, and it is concluded that this device has a relatively large Seff and low efficiency. SIMION(®) electron trajectory simulations and Sherman function calculations are presented to explain the differences in performance between this device and previous designs. This design has an Seff that is insensitive to spatial beam fluctuations and, for an energy loss window >0.5 keV, negligible background due to spurious ion and X-ray production at the target.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Luminescent Materials (1970)

Electrophoretic deposition of luminescent materials such as has been accomplished by the adsorption of inorganic cations of Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, Sr++, Al+++, Na+ , K+ , Li+ or +, from nitrates, chlorides, and bromides, in polar liquids such as isopropyl alcohol with a critical concentration of about 1% . An explanation of the adsorption charging and the pertinent factors which effect cataphoretic deposition for a calcium magnesium silicate‐magnesium nitrate system is presented. Acetone has been found to have a beneficial depolarizing effect, while magnesium salts produce a cementing action on the deposited phosphor layer.
String reconciliation with unknown edit distance (2012)

We consider the problem of reconciling two remote strings of arbitrary and unknown similarity using minimum communication, which is at the core of some important problems in networking, cryptography, genetic engineering, and even linguistics. Though this problem is efficiently convertible into a set reconciliation instance, for which efficient solutions exist, this conversion may introduce ambiguity in the decoding process, which may require significant communication and computational resources to resolve. We leverage some recent advances in efficient unique decodability of strings to reduce decoding ambiguity, and thus pave the way for a practical implementation of this string reconciler. For certain random strings and in some ideal cases, our approach reconciles two length n strings that differ in α edits (with α not known a priori) using O (α log2(n)) communication.
Synchronization of telecommunication network using a Global Positioning Satellite (2003)

Summary form only given. The author discusses the methodology of AT&T's approach to synchronization of its telecommunication network using Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers in its Primary Reference Clock (PRC) systems. Each PRC utilizes a triad of GPS and rubidium references along with special analysis software. The result is an ultrastable, verifiable, digital timing signal which is typically one hundred times better than the CCITT G.811 requirements. This system provides timing signals without having a track satellites continuously. Statistical processing of data using a triple point array of GPS and dual disciplineable rubidiums ensures stable output signals. The AT&T synchronization network thus operates plesiochronously, considering the multiple PRC sites located throughout the continental United States. However, these PRCs are all operating synchronously via the GPS satellite system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanocrystal synthesis in microfluidic reactors: where next? (2014)

The past decade has seen a steady rise in the use of microfluidic reactors for nanocrystal synthesis, with numerous studies reporting improved reaction control relative to conventional batch chemistry. However, flow synthesis procedures continue to lag behind batch methods in terms of chemical sophistication and the range of accessible materials, with most reports having involved simple one- or two-step chemical procedures directly adapted from proven batch protocols. Here we examine the current status of microscale methods for nanocrystal synthesis, and consider what role microreactors might ultimately play in laboratory-scale research and industrial production.
Mapping of the puh Messenger RNAs from Rhodospirillum rubrum (1989)

The mRNA transcripts of Rhodospirillum rubrum gene puh, coding for the H subunit of the photoreaction center, and of genes flanking puh were analyzed by blot hybridization. Open reading frame G115, upstream of structural gene puh, is transcribed as a 2.25-kilobase mRNA. Gene puh itself is transcribed as two mRNAs of 1118 and 1032 nucleotides. Mung bean nuclease protection analysis shows that the puh transcripts have different 5' termini within open reading frame G115 and a unique rho-independent termination signal within open reading frame I2372. The lifetimes of the puh messages, as determined by an oxygen blockade of transcription, were 10 and 12 min for the large and small puh mRNAs, respectively. An expression vector carrying a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was used to select promoters in DNA stretches upstream of the startpoints of each of these transcripts. Chloramphenicol resistance was expressed in Escherichia coli, using as a promoter a 179-nucleotide stretch upstream of the small mRNA startpoint but not from a 124-nucleotide stretch upstream of the large mRNA startpoint. The promoter for the small mRNA, designated Ppuh2, is thought to encompass in its -10 and -35 regions a sigma 70-like RNA polymerase recognition sequence. The region upstream of the large message startpoint contains a sequence similar in its -12 and -24 regions to promoter sequences recognized by the sigma 60 RNA polymerase holoenzyme. This is designated as promoter Ppuh1.Ppuh1 is proposed to be strictly regulated by light intensity and by oxygen tension while Ppuh2 would be less sensitive to these parameters.
Exploring Inpatient Hospitalizations and Morbidity in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency (2016)

Patients with AI carry a significant metabolic and psychiatric burden, with higher risk of comorbidities and hospital admissions than matched controls.
HIV entry and fusion inhibitors (2004)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Current HIV therapy is based on targeting two critical enzymes in the viral replication machinery: reverse transcriptase and a virally encoded protease. Although mortality rates due to HIV infection have been dramatically reduced, AIDS remains a major health problem throughout the world. The emergence of HIV variants that are resistant to current therapies and potential toxicity associated with their chronic use has highlighted the need for new approaches to HIV inhibition. Identification of the mechanisms underlying viral entry into the host cell has provided a number of novel therapeutic targets and the first of these HIV fusion inhibitors (enfuvirtide [pentafuside, T-20, Fuzeon®; Roche Laboratories and Trimeris]) has recently been approved in the US and Europe. This review will focus on recent progress in the development of therapeutics that target the HIV entry process.
A survey of BRDF models for computer graphics (2009)

To produce photo-realistic images in computer graphics, we must effectively describe the interactions between light and surfaces. In this paper, we focus on Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs), which characterize these interactions. We survey on most BRDF representations introduced so far and we investigate their usage, importance and applications. We look at in detail their two important usages; in GPU-based real-time renderings and in renderings of metallic car paints.