gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of narrow molecular-weight distribution fractions of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of narrow molecular-weight distribution fractions of poly(aryl ether ether ketone)Jacques Roovers, J. David Cooney, and Paul M. ToporowskiCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 6, 1611–1618Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00208a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00208a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Bitter Taste Receptor Agonist Quinine Reduces Calorie Intake and Increases the Postprandial Release of Cholecystokinin in Healthy Subjects (2015)

This study showed that intra-duodenal release of a bitter compound is able to significantly affect calorie intake and CCK release after a standardized meal. Our results suggest that bitter taste receptor signaling may have a crucial role in the control of food intake.
Integrating genetic algorithms, tabu search, and simulated annealing for the unit commitment problem (1999)

This paper presents a new algorithm based on integrating genetic algorithms, tabu search and simulated annealing methods to solve the unit commitment problem. The core of the proposed algorithm is based on genetic algorithms. Tabu search is used to generate new population members in the reproduction phase of the genetic algorithm. A simulated annealing method is used to accelerate the convergence of the genetic algorithm by applying the simulated annealing test for all the population members. A new implementation of the genetic algorithm is introduced. The genetic algorithm solution is coded as a mix between binary and decimal representation. The fitness function is constructed from the total operating cost of the generating units without penalty terms. In the tabu search part of the proposed algorithm, a simple short-term memory procedure is used to counter the danger of entrapment at a local optimum, and the premature convergence of the genetic algorithm. A simple cooling schedule has been implemented to apply the simulated annealing test in the algorithm. Numerical results showed the superiority of the solutions obtained compared to genetic algorithms, tabu search and simulated annealing methods, and to two exact algorithms.
Brain kinetics of methylphenidate (Ritalin) enantiomers after oral administration (2004)

Methylphenidate (MP) (Ritalin) is widely used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is a chiral drug, marketed as the racemic mixture of d- and l-threo enantiomers. Our previous studies (PET and microdialysis) in humans, baboons, and rats confirm the notion that pharmacological specificity of MP resides predominantly in the d-isomer. A recent report that intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered l-threo-MP displayed potent, dose-dependent inhibition of cocaine- or apomorphine-induced locomotion in rats, raises the question of whether l-threo-MP has a similar effect when given orally. It has been speculated that l-threo-MP is poorly absorbed in humans when it is given orally because of rapid presystemic metabolism. To investigate whether l-threo-MP or its metabolites can be delivered to the brain when it is given orally, and whether l-threo-MP is pharmacologically active. PET and MicroPET studies were carried out in baboons and rats using orally delivered C-11-labeled d- and l-threo-MP ([methyl-(11)C]d-threo-MP and [methyl-(11)C]l-threo-MP). In addition, we assessed the effects of i.p. l-threo-MP on spontaneous and cocaine-stimulated locomotor activity in mice. There was a higher global uptake of carbon-11 in both baboon and rat brain for oral [(11)C]l-threo-MP than for oral [(11)C]d-threo-MP. Analysis of the chemical form of radioactivity in rat brain after [(11)C]d-threo-MP indicated mainly unchanged tracer, whereas with [(11)C]l-threo-MP, it was mainly a labeled metabolite. The possibility that this labeled metabolite might be [(11)C]methanol or [(11)C]CO(2), derived from demethylation, was excluded by ex vivo studies in rats. When l-threo-MP was given i.p. to mice at a dose of 3 mg/kg, it neither stimulated locomotor activity nor inhibited the increased locomotor activity due to cocaine administration. These results suggest that, in animal models, l-threo-MP or its metabolite(s) is (are) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and enters the brain after oral administration, but that l-threo-MP may not be pharmacologically active. These results are pertinent to the question of whether l-threo-MP contributes to the behavioral and side effect profile of MP during treatment of ADHD.
High-speed orthogonal power effect actuator for recording at over 10000 TPI (1996)

A new type of rotary actuator for HDDs is presented. To suppress the resonance gain in the quasi-rigid body mode caused by the stiffness of support bearings, we propose orthogonal driving. The designed actuator for a 3.5-inch drive shows a quasi-rigid body mode gain of less than 5 dB, and a fundamental resonance frequency of approximately 10 kHz. The results agree with those from finite element analysis.
Performance of diversity handover in DS-CDMA cellular systems (2002)

Diversity handover (DHO), which can reduce the transmit power and interference through the site diversity effect, is essential for high capacity DS-CDMA cellular systems. System capacity depends on how diversity handover is applied. This paper describes reverse and forward link system capacity for several typical handover schemes under transmit power control (TPC) based on SIR as determined by computer simulations. First, both link system capacities are shown under perfect TPC. These results give an ideal upper limit of capacity. We examine the increase in system capacity achieved by maximal-ratio-combining (MRC) and sectorization. Next, we consider TPC error, which leads to more realistic capacity values. This shows that system capacity with DHO is larger than with hard handover (HHO) in both links. Especially with MRC-DHO in the forward link, there is an optimum threshold for DHO that maximizes the capacity.
Golgi proteins in circulating human platelets are distributed across non-stacked, scattered structures (2016)

Platelets are small, anucleate cell fragments that are central to hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. They are derived from megakaryocytes from which they inherit their organelles. As platelets can synthesize proteins and contain many of the enzymes of the secretory pathway, one might expect all mature human platelets to contain a stacked Golgi apparatus, the central organelle of the secretory pathway. By thin section electron microscopy, stacked membranes resembling the stacked Golgi compartment in megakaryocytes and other nucleated cells can be detected in both proplatelets and platelets. However, the incidence of such structures is low and whether each and every platelet contains such a structure remains an open question. By single-label, immunofluorescence staining, Golgi glycosyltransferases are found within each platelet and map to scattered structures. Whether these structures are positive for marker proteins from multiple Golgi subcompartments remains unknown. Here, we have applied state-of-the-art techniques to probe the organization state of the Golgi apparatus in resting human platelets. By the whole cell volume technique of serial-block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), we failed to observe stacked, Golgi-like structures in any of the 65 platelets scored. When antibodies directed against Golgi proteins were tested against HeLa cells, labeling was restricted to an elongated juxtanuclear ribbon characteristic of a stacked Golgi apparatus. By multi-label immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that each and every resting human platelet was positive for cis, trans, and trans Golgi network (TGN) proteins. However, in each case, the proteins were found in small puncta scattered about the platelet. At the resolution of deconvolved, widefield fluorescence microscopy, these proteins had limited tendency to map adjacent to one another. When the results of 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D SIM), a super resolution technique, were scored quantitatively, the Golgi marker proteins failed to map together indicating at the protein level considerable degeneration of the platelet Golgi apparatus relative to the layered stack as seen in the megakaryocyte. In conclusion, we suggest that these results have important implications for organelle structure/function relationships in the mature platelet and the extent to which Golgi apparatus organization is maintained in platelets. Our results suggest that Golgi proteins in circulating platelets are present within a series of scattered, separated structures. As separate elements, selective sets of Golgi enzymes or sugar nucleotides could be secreted during platelet activation. The establishment of the functional importance, if any, of these scattered structures in sequential protein modification in circulating platelets will require further research.
Supporting the Development of Mobile Adaptive Learning Environments: A Case Study (2009)

In this paper, we describe a system to support the generation of adaptive mobile learning environments. In these environments, students and teachers can accomplish different types of individual and collaborative activities in different contexts. Activities are dynamically recommended to users depending on different criteria (user features, context, etc.), and workspaces to support the corresponding activity accomplishment are dynamically generated. In this article, we present the main characteristics of the mechanism that suggests the most suitable activities at each situation, the system in which this mechanism has been implemented, the authoring tool to facilitate the specification of context-based adaptive m-learning environments, and two environments generated following this approach will be presented. The outcomes of two case studies carried out with students of the first and second courses of “Computer Engineering” at the “Universidad Autónoma de Madrid” are also presented.
Endothelial vasodilatory function is predicted by circulating apolipoprotein B and HDL in healthy humans (2002)

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), LDL particle size, and antibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDLab) have been shown to be related to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether LDL particle size, oxLDLab, apolipoproteins, and lipoproteins are related to endothelial vasodilatory function in a population sample of 58 apparently healthy subjects aged 20 to 69 yr. EDV and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV) were studied in the forearm during local administration of methacholine chloride (2 and 4 microg/min) or sodium nitroprusside (5 and 10 microg/min). Forearm blood flow was determined with venous occlusion plethysmography. In multiple stepwise regression analyses, neither oxLDLab nor small LDL particles were significantly predictive of endothelial vasodilatory function. Instead, a high level of apolipoprotein B (apoB) was an independent predictor of both attenuated EDV and EIDV (r = -0.43, P < 0.01, and r = -0.34, P < 0.05, respectively). HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, was the only lipid variable that was significantly related to the EDV to EIDV ratio, an index of endothelial vasodilatory function (r = 0.35, P < 0.01). The inverse associations between apoB and both EDV and EIDV indicate that apoB might be an early marker of structural vascular changes in healthy subjects, whereas HDL seems to be more specifically related to endothelial vasodilatory function.
An Adaptive Geometry Transformation and Repair Method for Hybrid Manufacturing (2018)

Hybrid manufacturing has become particularly attractive for refurbishing of high-value freeform components. Components may experience unique geometric distortions and/or wear-driven material loss in service, which require the use of part-specific, adaptive repair strategies. The current work presents an integrated adaptive geometry transformation method for additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing based on rigid and nonrigid registrations of parent region material and geometric interpolation of the repair region material. In this approach, rigid registration of nominal part geometry to actual part geometry is accomplished using iterative alignment of profiles in the parent material. Nonrigid registration is used to morph nominal part geometry to actual part geometry by transformation of the profile mean line. Adaptive additive and subtractive tool paths are then used to add material based on constant stock margin requirements, as well as to produce blend repairs with smooth transition between parent and repair regions. A range of part deformation conditions due to profile twist and length changes are evaluated for the case of a compressor blade/airfoil geometry. Accuracy of the resulting adaptive geometry transformation method were quantified by (1) surface comparisons of actual and transformed nominal geometry and (2) blend region surface accuracy. Performance of the adaptive repair strategy relative to a naïve strategy is evaluated by the consideration of material efficiency and process cycle time. It is shown that the adaptive repair strategy resulted in an increase in material efficiency by 42.2% and a decrease in process time by 17.8%, depending on the initial deformation imposed on the part geometry.
A 2.02–5.16 fJ/Conversion Step 10 Bit Hybrid Coarse-Fine SAR ADC With Time-Domain Quantizer in 90 nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents an ultra-low-voltage and power-efficient 10 bit hybrid successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). For reducing the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) capacitance and comparator requirement, we propose a hybrid architecture comprising a coarse 7 bit SAR ADC and fine 3.5 bit time-to-digital converter (TDC). The Vcm-based switching method is adopted for coarse conversion to reduce DAC power and maintain common mode. The residual voltage after coarse conversion is converted to time domain, and the fine TDC detects the least three bits with 0.5 bit redundancy by using a Vernier delay structure. Offset calibration and delay time locking are implemented to guarantee the ADC performance under process variation. The test chip, fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology, occupied a core area of 0.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . With a 0.4 V supply and a Nyquist rate input, the prototype consumed 200 nW at 250 kS/s and achieved an ENOB of 8.63 bits and a SFDR of 78.5 dB. The operation frequency was scalable from 250 kS/s to 4 MS/s. The converter had a power supply range of 0.4-0.7 V, and the figure of merit (FoM) were 2.02-5.16 fJ/conversion step.
Amplification of chirality in liquid crystals (2006)

The amplification of molecular chirality by liquid crystalline systems is widely applied in investigations towards enantioselective solvent–solute interactions, chiral supramolecular assemblies, smart materials, and the development of liquid crystal displays. Here we present an overview of recent achievements in the development of new chiral dopant systems for the generation of cholesteric liquid crystalline phases. Based on a distinction between shape-persistent and bistable dopants, several dopant classes will be discussed.
A New High-Electron Mobility Monolayer Superlattice (1983)

A new high electron mobility monolayer superlattice (MSL) which consists of alternating InAs and GaAs monolayers is proposed. Since the disorder scattering inherent in mixed crystals is absent in the MSL's, extremely high electron mobility can be expected. Critical periodicity (well width+barrier width) of the MSL is estimated to be 16 monolayers, below which electronic structure of the MSL becomes three dimensional. A calculation shows that the electron mobility of the MSL will be as high as 6×10 5 cm 2 /V.sec at around 50 K for N D - N A =1×10 14 cm -3 and N A / N D =0.5, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than In 0.5 Ga 0.5 As alloy with the same impurity concentration.
Fourier opacity mapping (2010)

Whilst the Deep Shadow Maps algorithm for accelerating the rendering of volumetric shadows is a fitting solution for offline applications, it can consume an unbounded amount of memory and is difficult to map well to current graphics hardware. For these reasons alternative methods have been proposed for interactive applications based on the idea of accumulating opacity from volume primitives in depth-based buckets or slices. However, these slice-based methods can introduce objectionable and unstable slice-like artefacts due to undersampling of the depth range, and often many slices are required to overcome these artefacts. Further refinements have been proposed to address this, but they constrain the generality of the algorithm, for example by mandating an assumption of uniform opacity or by dropping support for pre-filtering. We introduce a novel algorithm called Fourier Opacity Mapping (FOM) and we show that it is a good choice for rendering artefact-free pre-filtered volumetric shadows in cases where spatial opacity variations are smooth (e.g. smoke, gas and low-opacity hair). We also show how the algorithm can be generalised to other orthonormal bases.
Evaluation of surface analysis methods for characterization of trace metal surface contaminants found in silicon integrated circuit manufacturing (1992)

We report a preliminary investigation of surface analytical methods used to evaluate trace metal contaminants on silicon wafer surfaces. The methods discussed include sputter induced postionization methods, backscattering spectrometry, total reflection x-ray fluorescence, and a sample preparation method known as vapor phase decomposition. In order to initiate the evaluation, a series of silicon wafers was dosed with transition metal contaminants Cu and Fe and then analyzed with total reflection x-ray fluorescence, sputter induced resonant ionization spectroscopy, and heavy ion backscattering spectroscopy. One wafer with low concentrations of Fe was analyzed by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. As a result of this study, we are pursuing improved capability in several areas including standards. Heavy ion backscattering spectrometry is suggested as a means of verifying surface dosed silicon wafer standard.
Evaluation of Sleep Position as a Potential Cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Preferred Sleep Position on the Side is Associated with Age and Gender (2010)

This study supports the hypothesis that sleeping on the side is an important step in a causal pathway for CTS.
Mathematical modeling of erythropoietin therapy in uremic anemia. Does it improve cost-effectiveness? (1994)

This paper describes the improvements in r-HuEPO therapy of uremic patients that may be obtained by using a mathematical model of patient response together with a delivery control strategy derived from the theory of industrial control. A mathematical model of r-HuEPO action is presented, and its applicability to dialytic patients is shown. Moreover, a new statistical technique for identifying the parameters of the mathematical model analyzing a patient population is summarized, and a control strategy for r-HuEPO delivery in uremic patients based on a Fuzzy Set Controller is introduced. Some results obtained from simulation, are presented.
Does This Dyspneic Patient in the Emergency Department Have Congestive Heart Failure? (2005)

For dyspneic adult emergency department patients, a directed history, physical examination, chest radiograph, and electrocardiography should be performed. If the suspicion of heart failure remains, obtaining a serum BNP level may be helpful, especially for excluding heart failure.
The pathogenesis of gait hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (1994)

To identify the fundamental deficit in gait hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) we conducted a series of experiments that compared PD subjects with age- and height-matched controls in their capacity to regulate either stride length, cadence (steps per minute) or both parameters to three conditions. In the first condition the spatial and temporal parameters of gait were documented for slow, normal and fast walking. The second condition compared parkinsonian gait with the walking pattern of elderly controls whilst controlling for two movement speeds: fast (control preferred) speed and slow (PD preferred) speed. In the third condition we examined the ability of PD subjects to regulate one parameter (e.g. stride length) when the other two parameters (e.g. velocity and cadence) were held at control values. A total of 34 PD subjects and 34 matched controls were tested using a footswitch stride analysis system that measured the spatial and temporal parameters of gait for a series of 10 m walking trials. Parkinsonian subjects exhibited marked gait hypokinesia in each of the experiments. Although they retained the capacity to vary their gait velocity in a similar manner to controls, their range of response was reduced. Within the lower velocity range, PD subjects could vary their speed of walking by adjusting cadence and, to a lesser extent, stride length. However, when the speed of walking was controlled, the stride length was found to be shorter and the cadence higher in PD subjects than in controls. Stride length could not be upgraded by internal control mechanisms in response to a fixed cadence set for age and height-matched velocity. In contrast, cadence was readily modulated by external cues and by internal control mechanisms when stride length was fixed to the values obtained for age- and height-matched controls. It was concluded that regulation of stride length is the fundamental problem in gait hypokinesia and the relative increase in cadence exhibited by PD subjects is a compensatory mechanism for the difficulty in regulating stride length. These findings are discussed in the context of the hypothesized role of the basal ganglia in generating internal cues for the maintenance of the gait sequence and in relation to the structuring of movement rehabilitation strategies.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF GAIN IN A LITHIUM NIOBATE PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIER (1967)

Signal gain has been measured directly in a LiNbO3 near-infrared parametric amplifier. A maximum gain of 30% was achieved at a signal wavelength of 1.152 μ using 50 kW of pump power at 0.53 μ. Theoretical and experimental gain coefficients are given and compared with the results of recent parametric oscillator experiments by other workers.