gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Laser Sintering of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications (2017)

With a global concern about energy and carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energies have attracted extensive attentions. One of the crucial aspects is waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage. Phase change materials have unique merits in latent heat thermal energy storage, due to its capability of providing a high-energy density storage by solidifying/melting at a constant temperature. The increased global demand for phase-change-materials-enabled energy storage systems exposed limitations of established manufacturing methods in terms of processing speed, material waste, and flexibility. In this research, a phase change composite was developed by mixing paraffin wax with a thermal conductive expanded graphite. Using a layer-by-layer laser sintering method, these two materials combined at a micro-scale, forming a phase change composite that possesses good thermal conductivity, superior latent heat, and good mechanical strength. This work investigated the key parameters for successful production of paraffin wax/expanded graphite composite using laser sintering technique. In particular, the paraffin wax is melted and then impregnated into the inter-particle pores of expanded graphite through capillaries. It serves as a binder that bonding the expanded graphite molecules together as into a solid form-stable object in the laser sintering process. To validate the developed sintering process, both single-layer and multi-layer samples with various geometries have been fabricated and tested. Results showed good structural integrity and functionality of the printed parts. The produced thermal conductivity was in the range of 1.4 – 1.9 W/m.K for single-layer and 0.75 – 0.80 W/m.K for multi-layer, and the latent heat of fabricated samples is in the range of 161 – 166 kJ/kg for both single-layer and multi-layer structures. These experimental results verified that the developed laser sintering process could be used as an effective nontraditional manufacturing technique for fabricating phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications
Potassium ion influx and Na+,K+-ATPase activity are required for the hamster sperm acrosome reaction. (1981)

The role of a K+ ion influx and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the hamster sperm acrosome reaction (AR) was examined, using a range of concentrations of K+,K+ ionophores and a Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor. Washed epididymal hamster sperm, capacitated in vitro in an artificial medium containing 2 mM Ca2+, 147 mM Na+, and 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 mM K+, began undergoing the AR after 3 h of incubation. Sperm incubated in low K+ (0.9 mM) failed to undergo the AR even after 5 h of incubation. Sperm in 0.9 mM K+ could be induced to undergo the AR when either K+ (12 mM) alone or K+ (12 mM) with 0.1 microM nigericin was added after 3.5 h of incubation. The addition of K+ alone stimulated the AR in 30 min, whereas nigericin plus K+ stimulated the AR 15 min after addition. Neither nigericin added alone (0.9 mM K+) nor nigericin plus 12 mM K+ added to a low Ca2+ (0.35 mM) system resulted in acrosome reactions. Valinomycin (1 nM) did not stimulate the AR when added together with K+ (3-24 mM) to sperm incubated in 0.9 mM K+ for 3.5 h but markedly decreased sperm motility. Micromolar levels of ouabain blocked the AR when added between t = 0--3 h to sperm incubated with 3-24 mM K+. Inhibition of AR by the addition of 1 microM ouabain to sperm incubated with 3 mM K+ was completely reversed by the addition of 0.1 microM nigericin at t = 3.5 h. These results suggest that Na+,K+-ATPase activity and the resulting K+ influx are important for the mammalian sperm AR. Some similarities between requirements for the hamster sperm AR and secretory granule exocytosis are discussed.
Testing for the presence of previously identified QTL for milk production traits in new populations (2000)

Five chromosomal regions previously associated with milk production traits were tested in 16 families of Black and White cattle from the UK. The traits were also linearly transformed into genetically and phenotypically independent variables normalized by phenotypic variances ('canonical traits'). Significant associations with the untransformed and canonical traits were found for bovine chromosome 6. There was also evidence that chromosome 9 influenced these traits. The linear transformation clarified the effects of chromosomal regions; regions with effects on all three untransformed traits (milk, fat and protein yields) were generally condensed into an effect on a single canonical trait. Comparison of our results with those reported previously for American Holstein cattle suggested that the QTL may not be the same.
Fuel Microemulsions for Jet Engine Smoke Reduction (1982)

The concept of water and alcohol/fuel microemulsions for the purpose of reducing smoke emissions from jet engine test cells was studied in a T-63 gas turbine combustor. Several ethanol/fuel, methanol/fuel, and water/fuel microemulsions were prepared with JP-4 and JP-8 base fuels and the appropriate surfactants; anhydrous ethanol was miscible in both base fuels. These blends reduced radiation and exhaust smoke, increased CO and total hydrocarbon emissions, and decreased combustion efficiency. NOx was reduced when the surfactant did not contain nitrogen. The reductions in smoke and radiation correlated with changes in the H/C ratio of the fuel blends. Anhydrous ethanol/fuel solutions were most effective in reducing smoke from the standpoint of cost, operational, and systems effects.
Comparison of Cell Disruption Methods for Improving Lipid Extraction from Thraustochytrid Strains (2015)

Lipid extraction is an integral part of biodiesel production, as it facilitates the release of fatty acids from algal cells. To utilise thraustochytrids as a potential source for lipid production. We evaluated the extraction efficiency of various solvents and solvent combinations for lipid extraction from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. The maximum lipid extraction yield was 22% using a chloroform:methanol ratio of 2:1. We compared various cell disruption methods to improve lipid extraction yields, including grinding with liquid nitrogen, bead vortexing, osmotic shock, water bath, sonication and shake mill. The highest lipid extraction yields were obtained using osmotic shock and 48.7% from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and 29.1% from Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents were more than 60% in Schizochytrium sp. S31 which suggests their suitability for biodiesel production.
Rosmarinic Acid Potentiates Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep Behaviors and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep through the Activation of GABA<sub>A</sub>-ergic Systems (2016)

It has been known that RA, one of major constituents of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> which has been used as a traditional folk remedy for sedation in oriental countries, shows the anxiolytic-like and sedative effects. This study was performed to know whether RA may enhance pentobarbital-induced sleep through γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)<sub>A</sub>-ergic systems in rodents. RA (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ kg, p.o.) reduced the locomotor activity in mice. RA decreased sleep latency and increased the total sleep time in pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced sleeping mice. RA also increased sleeping time and number of falling sleep mice after treatment with sub-hypnotic pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.). In electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, RA (2.0 mg/kg) not only decreased the counts of sleep/wake cycles and REM sleep, but also increased the total and NREM sleep in rats. The power density of NREM sleep showed the increase in δ-waves and the decrease in α-waves. On the other hand, RA (0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/ml) increased intracellular Cl<sup>-</sup> influx in the primary cultured hypothalamic cells of rats. RA (p.o.) increased the protein expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (<i>GAD<sub>65/67</sub></i>) and GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors subunits except β1 subunit. In conclusion, RA augmented pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through GABA<sub>A</sub>-ergic transmission. Thus, it is suggested that RA may be useful for the treatment of insomnia.
Food Utilization, Ingestion, and Growth of Larvae of the Bollworm1 and Tobacco Budworm on Diets Containing Gossypol123 (1970)

Journal Article Food Utilization, Ingestion, and Growth of Larvae of the Bollworm1 and Tobacco Budworm on Diets Containing Gossypol Get access T. N. Shaver, T. N. Shaver Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Brownsville, Texas 78520 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Lukefahr, M. J. Lukefahr Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Brownsville, Texas 78520 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. Garcia J. A. Garcia Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Brownsville, Texas 78520 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 63, Issue 5, 1 October 1970, Pages 1544–1546, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.5.1544 Published: 01 October 1970 Article history Received: 20 February 1970 Published: 01 October 1970
Selective Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Pre-patterned Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (2002)

Highly ordered, vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (see Figure) have been grown on a pre-patterned, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template using a lithographic patterning method and thermal chemical vapor deposition. The AAO template itself plays a catalytic role in CNT growth and the crystallinity of the CNTs is strongly influenced by the presence of cobalt particles at the bottom of the template pores.
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE TECHNIQUE OF INTERTRANSVERSE LUMBAR FUSION (1971)

1. Intertransverse fusion in the lumbar spine appears to have many advantages over previously described techniques. 2. The disadvantage of profuse bleeding can be overcome by the use of a Hastings frame and by an operative technique designed to demonstrate constant muscular and articular branches of the lumbar arteries. 3. Coagulation of these vessels by cautery and avoidance of dissection anterior to the plane of the transverse processes ensure that the operative procedure can be carried out with a blood loss averaging less than 500 millilitres.
Causes of Fiber Cut and the Recommendation to Solve the Problem (2017)

Optical fiber technology has transformed the telecom landscape in Ghana in recent years owing to its overwhelming advantages over the traditional transmission medium. Though the technology is highly immune to electromagnetic wave, it also offers a higher capacity of bandwidth for data and voice activities. The fiber infrastructure in Ghana has experienced a lot of fiber cuts incidences. And this has affected network quality delivery, increased operational expenditure and decline revenue margins of the telcos. This research was carried out in two phases using MTN Ghana (Western and Central Region) as a case study, to establish the root causes and remedial actions to curb it. First, Pareto and Ishakawa analytical tools were applied to the primary source data for the analysis. Secondly, a purposive survey was administered to acquire additional information. It was established that activities of government sponsored projects and private developers were largely responsible for the menace due to; negligence, ignorance, lack of coordination etc. On the bases, it's recommended that telcos and stakeholders embark on educational campaign to sensitize the public on optical fiber cables whiles the government of Ghana put in measures to build mandatory right-of-way with support from the private sector.
Self-Assembled Tat Nanofibers as Effective Drug Carrier and Transporter (2013)

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been extensively explored as molecular vectors through covalent linkage to anticancer drugs to improve the drug's water solubility and to help overcome multidrug resistance. We report here the use of the Tat CPP as a molecular building unit to construct well-defined supramolecular nanofibers that can be utilized as a nanoscale vector to encapsulate the hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) (loading efficiency: 89.7 ± 5.0%) with a high loading capacity (6.8 ± 0.4%). Notably, our TEM imaging results reveal that nanofibers containing a higher PTX content tend to be more flexible than those with a lower PTX content. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy imaging show that the Tat nanofibers can effectively transport encapsulated molecules into the cells through an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis pathway. Cytotoxicity experiments and flow cytometry measurements demonstrate that PTX loaded in the nanofibers exerts its cytotoxicity against cancer cells by arresting the cells at the G2/M phase, the same working mechanism as free PTX.
Highly Efficient White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a p–i–n Tandem Structure (2011)

In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with a p–i–n tandem structure using lithium (Li)-doped tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 )/molybdenum oxide (MoO x )-doped 4,4',4''-tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA) as an effective interconnecting layer (ICL). The tandem device exhibited a luminance of 3800 cd/m 2 , a luminous efficiency of 18.8 cd/A, a power efficiency of 5.48 lm/W, an external quantum efficiency of 6.5%, and the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of ( x =0.312, y =0.396) at 20 mA/cm 2 . The electroluminescence color of this p–i–n tandem device nearly did not change significantly with driving voltage variation and viewing angle. The various interfaces of ICL in such a tandem device were studied using a photovoltaic setup and were used to elucidate the mechanisms of the tandem devices.
Dissociative Anesthetics in the Cat and Dog (1972)

SUMMARY Dissociative anesthetic agents have the potential to revolutionize the anesthetic management of the dog and cat. They may become an integral part of a regimen of “balanced anesthesia” in veterinary medicine. The dissociative state produced by these agents is characterized by muscle rigidity and the presence of many reflexes (e.g., swallowing, laryngeal, and ocular) which are normally absent when general anesthetic agents are used. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the currently available dissociative anesthetic agents and some others currently under study and their application in clinical practice are discussed. The use of these compounds in combination with inhalation agents is presented.
Millimeter-resolution acousto-optic quantitative imaging in a tissue model system (2009)

We have investigated the application of ultrasound modulated coherent light for quantitative determination of the ratio of dye concentrations and total concentration of absorbers in a blood vessel-mimicking sample. A 3-mm-diam tube containing the mixture of dyes inside an Intralipid-based gel with optical properties similar to tissue was interrogated by two different laser wavelengths in combination with intense microsecond ultrasound bursts. The use of calibration curves allowed us to extract quantitative information on the ratio of dye concentrations with the accuracy of better than 15%, as well as on the total concentration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility to obtain a quantitative 3-D map of the absorbing structure with a spatial resolution of better than 3 mm. These findings give an outlook to apply this technique for noninvasive 3-D mapping of oxygen saturation and total concentration of hemoglobin in tissue.
An Evaluation of Blood Cholinesterase Testing Methods for Military Health (2008)

Abstract : Blood cholinesterase (ChE) testing is done to evaluate potential human exposure to chemicals that act as ChE-inhibitors, most often organophosphate and carbamates pesticides. The Model 400 Test-mate ChE kit (EQM Research, Inc.) is used for field blood ChE analysis within the Department of Defense. Suggested modifications to the Model 400 kit include displaying and recording acetyl-ChE activity uncorrected for temperature and using analytical standards for calibration or quality assurance purposes. The recent advent of a wide array of point of care devices may provide an opportunity for developing improved hand-held instruments field ChE analysis. If a hand-held device for field blood ChE analysis is developed for military health surveillance, a concept of operations for the device should be prepared as a first step. Some key performance areas for a field ChE device development are identified.
Stereospecificity of sphingosine-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular proliferation. (1994)

Sphingosine is a positive regulator of cell growth in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts (Zhang, H., Buckley, N. E., Gibson, K., and Spiegel, S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 76-81). The present study investigated the stereospecificity of sphingosine-induced cell proliferation and its mitogenic signal transduction mechanisms. D-(+)-erythro Stereoisomers (cis and trans) stimulated DNA synthesis, whereas neither L-(-)-threo-sphingosine (cis or trans) nor DL-threo-dihydrosphingosine had any effect. Previously, we have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate may mediate the mitogenic effect of sphingosine (Zhang, H., Desai, N. N., Olivera, A., Seki, T., Brooker, G., and Spiegel, S. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 114, 155-167). However, no major differences were found in the formation of D-(+)-erythro- and L-(-)-threo- sphingosine-1-phosphate derived from the respective sphingosine isomers in intact cells. Thus, the stereospecificity of the response to sphingosine may reside at the level of specific intracellular targets for sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine-1-phosphate triggers dual signal transduction pathways of activation of phospholipase D leading to increases in the levels of phosphatidic acid and mobilization of calcium from internal stores. Both D-(+)-erythro- and L-(-)-threo-sphingosine isomers induced similar increases in phosphatidic acid concomitant with identical decreases in phosphatidylcholine levels. In contrast, only the D-(+)-erythro-stereoisomers (cis and trans) were effective in releasing calcium from intracellular stores. Our results suggest that the formation of phosphatidic acid is not sufficient to mediate sphingosine-stimulated DNA synthesis. However, the stereospecificity of the sphingosine-induced mobilization of calcium from internal stores seems to correlate with the induction of DNA synthesis by sphingosine stereoisomers.
Quinolinic Acid is Increased in CSF and Associated with Mortality after Traumatic Brain Injury in Humans (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that quinolinic acid, a tryptophan-derived N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist produced by macrophages and microglia, would be increased in CSF after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans, and that this increase would be associated with outcome. We also sought to determine whether therapeutic hypothermia reduced CSF quinolinic acid after injury. Samples of CSF (n = 230) were collected from ventricular catheters in 39 patients (16 to 73 years old) during the first week after TBI, (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] < 8). As part of an ongoing study, patients were randomized within 6 hours after injury to either hypothermia (32 degrees C) or normothermia (37 degrees C) treatments for 24 hours. Otherwise, patients received standard neurointensive care. Quinolinic acid was measured by mass spectrometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare CSF quinolinic acid concentrations with age, gender, GCS, time after injury, mortality, and treatment (hypothermia versus normothermia). Quinolinic acid concentration in CSF increased maximally to 463 +/- 128 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM) at 72 to 83 hours after TBI. Normal values for quinolinic acid concentration in CSF are less than 50 nmol/L. Quinolinic acid concentration was increased 5- to 50-fold in many patients. There was a powerful association between time after TBI and increased quinolinic acid (P < 0.00001), and quinolinic acid was higher in patients who died than in survivors (P = 0.003). Age, gender, GCS, and treatment (32 degrees C versus 37 degrees C) did not correlate with CSF quinolinic acid. These data reveal a large increase in quinolinic acid concentration in CSF after TBI in humans and raise the possibility that this macrophage-derived excitotoxin may contribute to secondary damage.
Evaluation of D-Ribose as an Enantiopure Building Block for Construction of the C-Ring of Taxol and Its Congeners (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of D-Ribose as an Enantiopure Building Block for Construction of the C-Ring of Taxol and Its CongenersLeo A. Paquette and Simon BaileyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 24, 7849–7856Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00129a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1742Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monoketone analogs of curcumin, a new class of Fanconi anemia pathway inhibitors (2009)

These results suggest that monoketone analogs of curcumin are potent inhibitors of the FA pathway and constitute a promising new class of targeted anticancer compounds.
Hybrid Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters for Variable Speed Induction Drives (2011)

This paper proposes a hybrid selective harmonic elimination pulsewidth modulation (SHEPWM) scheme for common-mode voltage reduction in three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter-based induction motor drives. The scheme uses the conventional SHEPWM (C-SHEPWM) to control the inverter at high frequency (≥ 0.9 motor rated frequency) and uses the modified SHEPWM (M-SHEPWM) to control the inverter at low frequency. It also uses a scheme to ensure the smooth transition between the two SHEPWM schemes. As a result, at high frequency, the C-SHEPWM provides the required high modulation index for the motor, while at low frequency, when a passive filter is less effective for common-mode voltage reduction, the M-SHEPWM is used to suppress the common-mode voltage. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid SHEPWM scheme could meet the modulation index need of the motor and reduce the common-mode voltage in the drive, and the two SHEPWM schemes could transition smoothly.