gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The contrast factors of dislocations in cubic crystals: the dislocation model of strain anisotropy in practice (1999)

It has been shown recently that in many cases strain anisotropy in powder diffraction can be well accounted for by the dislocation model of the mean square strain. The practical application assumes knowledge of the individual contrast factors C of dislocations related to particular Burgers, line and diffraction vectors or to the average contrast factors C¯ . A simple procedure for the experimental determination of C¯ has been worked out, enabling the determination of the character of the dislocations in terms of a simple parameter q . The values of the individual C factors were determined numerically for a wide range of elastic constants for cubic crystals. The C¯ factors and q parameters were parametrized by simple analytical functions, which can be used in a straightforward manner in numerical analyses, as e.g. in Rietveld structure refinement procedures.
Real-Time Bird’s Eye View Multi-Object Tracking system based on Fast Encoders for Object Detection (2020)

This paper presents a Real-Time Bird's Eye View Multi Object Tracking (MOT) system pipeline for an Autonomous Electric car, based on Fast Encoders for object detection and a combination of Hungarian algorithm and Bird's Eye View (BEV) Kalman Filter, respectively used for data association and state estimation. The system is able to analyze 360 degrees around the ego-vehicle as well as estimate the future trajectories of the environment objects, being the essential input for other layers of a self-driving architecture, such as the control or decision-making. First, our system pipeline is described, merging the concepts of online and real-time DATMO (Deteccion and Tracking of Multiple Objects), ROS (Robot Operating System) and Docker to enhance the integration of the proposed MOT system in fully-autonomous driving architectures. Second, the system pipeline is validated using the recently proposed KITTI-3DMOT evaluation tool that demonstrates the full strength of 3D localization and tracking of a MOT system. Finally, a comparison of our proposal with other state-of-the-art approaches is carried out in terms of performance by using the mainstream metrics used on MOT benchmarks and the recently proposed integral MOT metrics, evaluating the performance of the tracking system over all detection thresholds.
Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange assessed by quantification of extracellular acidification. (1992)

A microphysiometer was used to quantify the rate of extracellular acidification by C6 glioma cells and L fibroblasts expressing recombinant dopamine D2 receptors. The dopamine D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole, accelerated the rate of acidification of the medium by C6 cells expressing either the short or long form of D2 receptors, D2(415) and D2(444), but not by wild-type cells that were not transfected with a D2 receptor cDNA. The rate of acidification increased with increasing concentrations of quinpirole up to 100 nM. Inhibition of the response by the dopamine D2 antagonist, spiperone, provided additional evidence that the enhanced extracellular acidification resulted from stimulation of D2 receptors. To test the hypothesis that D2 receptor-stimulated extracellular acidification was due to transport of protons by a Na+/H+ antiporter and reflected intracellular alkalinization, the effect of two inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange, amiloride and methyl-isobutyl-amiloride, was determined. Both compounds inhibited quinpirole-induced extracellular acidification at concentrations that did not alter D2 receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylylcyclase or radioligand binding to D2 receptors. In addition, quinpirole-induced extracellular acidification was greatly inhibited by removal of sodium from the extracellular medium, confirming the participation of Na+/H+ exchange in the extrusion of acid. Quinpirole (100 nM) also increased the rate of extracellular acidification by L cells expressing D2(415), LZR1 cells. Treatment with pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml for 18 h) had no effect on the quinpirole-induced acid extrusion by C6D2(415) and LZR1 cells, although the same pertussis toxin treatment regimen completely prevented inhibition of adenylylcyclase. We conclude that recombinant D2 receptors accelerate Na+/H+ exchange in C6 cells and L fibroblasts by a pathway that does not involve inhibition of adenylylcyclase or pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins.
Identification of a methylcholanthrene-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase in a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line exhibiting oxazaphosphorine-specific acquired resistance. (1994)

The class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase that is overexpressed (> 100-fold) in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7/0 cells made resistant (> 30-fold as judged by LC90s) to oxazaphosphorines, such as mafosfamide, by growing them in the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g., methylcholanthrene (3 microM for 5 days), was isolated and characterized. Its physical and catalytic properties were identical to those of the prototypical human stomach mucosa cytosolic class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase, type-1 ALDH-3, except that it catalyzed, though not very rapidly, the oxidation of aldophosphamide, whereas the stomach mucosa enzyme essentially did not; hence, it was judged to be a slight variant of the prototypical enzyme. Carcinogens that are not ligands for the Ah receptor, barbiturates known to induce hepatic cytochrome P450s, steroid hormones, an antiestrogen, and oxazaphosphorines did not induce the enzyme or the largely oxazaphosphorine-specific acquired resistance. Whereas methylcholanthrene induced (a) resistance to mafosfamide and (b) class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, as well as glutathione S-transferase and DT-diaphorase activities, in the estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7/0 cells, it did not do so in two other human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3, each of which is estrogen receptor negative. Expression of the class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase and the loss of sensitivity to mafosfamide by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-treated MCF-7/0 cells were transient; each returned to essentially basal levels within 15 days when the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was removed from the culture medium. Insensitivity to the oxazaphosphorines on the part of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-treated MCF-7/0 cells was not observed when exposure to mafosfamide (30 min) was in the presence of benzaldehyde or octanal, each a relatively good substrate for cytosolic class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenases, whereas it was retained when exposure to mafosfamide was in the presence of acetaldehyde, a relatively poor substrate for these enzymes. These observations demonstrate that ligands for the Ah receptor can induce a transient, largely oxazaphosphorine-specific, acquired cellular resistance, and they are consistent with the notion that elevated levels of a cytosolic class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase nearly identical to the prototypical type-1 class-3 aldehyde dehydrogenase expressed by human stomach mucosa account for the Ah receptor ligand-induced oxazaphosphorine-specific acquired resistance, most probably by catalyzing the detoxification of aldophosphamide.
Aluminum Clad Ferritic Stainless Steel Foil for Metallic Catalytic Converter Substrate Applications (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A roll bonding process was developed to produce Al clad ferritic stainless steel foil for the metallic catalytic converter substrate application. Clad foils with different chemistry were produced and their properties were evaluated. Heat treatment conditions for the homogenization of clad foils were identified. This article includes results from oxidation tests and mechanical tests on as-rolled and heat treated clad foil. Results from commercial ingot metallurgy foil were also included for comparison.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The oxidation weight gain study indicates that the Al content in the foils is directly related to the usable life of the foil. However, rare earth addition is necessary to improve the oxidation resistance of this material for the high temperature applications by slowing down the weight gain kinetics and thus extend the usable life of foils. The heat treated clad foil also exhibit excellent tensile ductility when compared to the ingot metallurgy foil.</div>
Sound Scene Database in Real Acoustical Environments, Proc. First International Workshop on East-Asian Language Resource and Evaluation (1998)

EALREW98: First International Workshop on East-Asian Language Resource and Evaluation(Oriental COCOSDA Workshop), May, 1998.
Silicon in organic synthesis (1978)

E. W. Colvin, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1978, 7, 15 DOI: 10.1039/CS9780700015
Variation in mitochondrial function in hypoxia-sensitive and hypoxia-tolerant human glioma cells (2002)

We have shown previously that human glioblastoma multiforme cells vary in their ability to survive under hypoxic conditions. Under oxygen limiting conditions, hypoxia-tolerant cells decrease their oxygen consumption rate whereas hypoxia-sensitive cells continue to consume oxygen at a relatively steady rate until the oxygen supply becomes exhausted. We now show that hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-sensitive cells exhibit distinct patterns of mitochondrial function in response to hypoxic challenge. Hypoxia-tolerant cell lines retain stable mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP concentration when incubated under oxygen limiting conditions. In addition, hypoxia-tolerant cell lines are consistently more sensitive to a wide spectrum of inhibitors of mitochondrial function than are hypoxia-sensitive cells. In contrast, the hypoxia-sensitive cells are unable to maintain stable mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels when incubated at reduced oxygen tension. These results demonstrate significant differences in the mitochondrial function between these two phenotypes and reinforce previous data that suggest a regulatory role for mitochondria in the development of hypoxia tolerance.
A Survey of Analog-to-Digital Converters (1953)

This paper discusses many of the techniques now in use for converting analog information into digital form. Some of the more important reasons for this conversion are outlined and pertinent characteristics of conversion are indicated. Simplified sketches are used to illustrate seventeen basic principles of conversion. The description of an automatic data processing system is used to demonstrate the advantages that can result from instrumentation designed around an analog-to-digital converter.
Brush‐Like Polycarbonates Containing Dopamine, Cations, and PEG Providing a Broad‐Spectrum, Antibacterial, and Antifouling Surface via One‐Step Coating (2014)

An antibacterial and antifouling surface is obtained by simple one-step immersion of a catheter surface with brush-like polycarbonates containing pendent adhesive dopamine, antifouling polyethylene glycol (PEG), and antibacterial cations. This coating demonstrates excellent antibacterial and antifouling activities against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, proteins, and platelets, good stability under simulated blood-flow conditions, and no toxicity.
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy: NK cells and bone marrow transplantation. (2000)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been increasingly used for the treatment of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. However, serious obstacles currently limit the efficacy and thus more extensive use of BMT. These obstacles include: graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse from the original tumor, and susceptibility of patients to opportunistic infections due to the immunosuppressive effects of the conditioning regimen. Overcoming these obstacles is complicated by dual outcome of existing regimens; attempts to reduce GVHD by depleting T cells from the graft, result in increased rates of tumor relapse and failure of engraftment. On the other hand, efforts to increase graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects of the transplant also promote GVHD. In this review, the use of natural killer (NK) cells to overcome some of these obstacles of allogeneic BMT is evaluated. Adoptive immunotherapy using NK cells after allogeneic BMT has several potential advantages. First, NK cells can promote hematopoiesis and therefore engraftment by production of hematopoietic growth factors. Second, NK cells have been shown to prevent the incidence and severity of GVHD. This has been shown to be at least partially due to TGF-beta, an immunosuppressive cytokine. Third, NK cells have been shown to augment numerous anti-tumor effects in animals after BMT suggesting a vital role of NK cells in mediating GVT effects. Finally, NK cells have been demonstrated to affect B cell recovery and function in mice. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of beneficial effects of NK cells after BMT may lead to significant increases in the efficacy of this procedure.
Emu Oil Reduces Small Intestinal Inflammation in the Absence of Clinical Improvement in a Rat Model of Indomethacin-Induced Enteropathy (2013)

Nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drug (NSAID) enteropathy is characterized by small intestinal damage and ulceration. Emu Oil (EO) has previously been reported to reduce intestinal inflammation. Aim. We investigated EO for its potential to attenuate NSAID-enteropathy in rats. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10/group) were gavaged with Water, Olive Oil (OO), or EO (0.5 mL; days 0-12) and with 0.5 mL Water or the NSAID, Indomethacin (8 mg/kg; days 5-12) daily. Disease activity index (DAI), 13C-sucrose breath test (SBT), organ weights, intestinal damage severity (IDS), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results. In Indomethacin-treated rats, DAI was elevated (days 10-12) and SBT values (56%) and thymus weight (55%) were decreased, relative to normal controls. Indomethacin increased duodenum (68%), colon (24%), SI (48%), caecum (48%), liver (51%) and spleen (88%) weights, IDS scores, and MPO levels (jejunum: 195%, ileum: 104%) compared to normal controls. Jejunal MPO levels were decreased (64%) by both EO and OO, although only EO decreased ileal MPO (50%), compared to Indomethacin controls. Conclusions. EO reduced acute intestinal inflammation, whereas other parameters of Indomethacin-induced intestinal injury were not affected significantly. Increased EO dose and/or frequency of administration could potentially improve clinical efficacy.
Ionic liquid-mediated transcutaneous protein delivery with solid-in-oil nanodispersions (2015)

We report a novel ionic liquid (IL)-mediated transcutaneous vaccine formulation consisting of a solid-in-oil nanodispersion of antigen coated with pharmaceutically accepted surfactants dispersed in IL-containing oil. The introduction of IL in the formulation significantly enhanced the skin permeability of ovalbumin, a model antigen.
A PREVIEW STEERING AUTOPILOT CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR FOUR-WHEEL-STEERING PASSENGER VEHICLES (1989)

This paper addresses the control law design of a preview steering autopilot for a four-wheel-steering vehicle to perform automatic lane tracking. In the concept, an on-board computer vision system is used in lieu of the driver's vision to track the roadway. The steering autopilot design is formulated as an optimal, discrete-time preview path tracking problem under the perfect measurement assumption. Simulation results indicate that the tracking performance of the steering autopilot was improved by preview relative to that calculated for an autopilot without preview.
A DNA Vaccine Encoding Lumazine Synthase from<i>Brucella abortus</i>Induces Protective Immunity in BALB/c Mice (2002)

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Brucella abortus lumazine synthase (BLS) gene cloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid, which is driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter. Injection of plasmid DNA carrying the BLS gene (pcDNA-BLS) into BALB/c mice elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. Antibodies to the encoded BLS included immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM isotypes. Animals injected with pcDNA-BLS exhibited a dominance of IgG2a over IgG1. In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response. Protection was evaluated by comparing the levels of infection in the spleens of vaccinated mice challenged with B. abortus 544. Immunization with pcDNA-BLS- reduced the bacterial burden relative to those in the control groups. Mice immunized with rBLS produced a significant humoral response but did not show a specific cellular response or any protection from challenge. Altogether, these data suggest that pcDNA-BLS is a good immunogen for the production of humoral and cell-mediated responses in mice and is a candidate for use in future studies of vaccination against brucellosis.
β-FeSi2 in (111)Si and in (001) Si formed by ion-beam synthesis (1993)

Ion-beam synthesis of β-FeSi2 is demonstrated both in (111) Si and (001) Si substrates by 450 keV Fe ion implantation at elevated temperatures using a dose of 6×1017 Fe/cm2 and subsequent annealing at 900 °C. The structure of the buried layers has been analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and (cross-section) transmission electron microscopy. In (111) Si an epitaxial layer is formed consisting of grains with lateral dimensions of approximately 5 μm. Epitaxy of β-FeSi2 (110) and/or (101) planes parallel to the (111) Si substrate plane is observed. In (001) Si a layer is formed consisting of grains with lateral dimensions of typically 0.5 μm. Several grain orientations have been observed in this material, among others β-FeSi2 {320}, {103}, and {13,7,0} parallel to (001) Si. Selected (111) Si samples were investigated optically using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and near-infrared transmittance and reflectance spectroscopy. The results confirm that the β-FeSi2 layer has an optical band gap of 0.87 eV. The ellipsometry results indicate that the layers formed by ion-beam synthesis are more dense than those formed by surface growth techniques. Hall measurements show that the β-FeSi2 layers obtained are p type. Mobilities observed are 1–4 cm2/V s at room temperature and approximately 25 cm2/V s at liquid-nitrogen temperature. These results show that the electrical properties of ion-beam-synthesized β-FeSi2 is comparable with those of surface-grown material. The results confirm that optoelectronic applications of β-FeSi2 are limited.
Changes in Nixtamalized Corn Flour Dependent on Postcooking Steeping Time (2002)

ABSTRACT We studied the effect of steeping time on various physical and chemical properties of maize flour prepared by the traditional nixtamalization process as well as in oversaturated calcium ion conditions. The calcium content of the corn flour was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and was correlated with X‐ray diffraction, viscosity, and pH measurements. Calcium content of the flour showed a nonlinear dependence on steeping time, with a local calcium maximum occurring at ≈7 hr. The pH level of the corn flour increased with steeping time, thus roughly following the time trend shown by the steeping time dependence of the calcium content. Flour crystallinity and peak viscosity of water suspensions of the flour reached maximal values at ≈7–9 hr of steeping, in agreement with manufacturing experience showing that these are appropriate steeping times to prepare tortillas with the desirable rheological and organoleptic properties.
DVB-S Gap Fillers for Railway Tunnels (2006)

Broadband connectivity to passengers of high speed trains by means of a satellite link requires the realization of gap fillers (GFs) to extend the service coverage inside railway tunnels. In this paper we investigate the performance of GFs based on the digital video broadcasting-satellite (DVB-S) technology in a reference railway tunnel whose propagation characteristics have been derived by means of the ray tracing technique. The channel impulse response has been investigated in order to derive DVB-S performance in terms of bit error rate at different train position along the tunnel. Then, the statistical properties of the received power inside the tunnel has been assessed, showing a log-normal distribution with a strong correlation in time. Finally, based on the statistical behavior of the fading, an analytical expression of the system outage is provided and the transmitted power required to guarantee a given coverage has been derived.
From greenhouse gas to feedstock: formation of ammonium carbamate from CO2 and NH3 in organic solvents and its catalytic conversion into urea under mild conditions (2011)

The capture of carbon dioxide by ammonia in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions was investigated at atmospheric pressure and 273 K under different operating conditions. The CO2 capture is fast and efficient ranging between 78 and 99%, depending on both the NH3 concentration and the solvent nature. The precipitation of solid mixtures of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium carbamate occurred in ethanol–water solution. Selective precipitation of ammonium carbamate was achieved by reacting gaseous CO2 and NH3 in anhydrous ethanol, 1-propanol or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in a flow reactor that operates in continuous. In the second step of the process, the pure ammonium carbamate is used to produce urea with good yield (up to 54% on carbamate basis) at 393–413 K in the presence of inexpensive Cu(II) and Zn(II) catalysts. The yield of urea depends on several factors including the catalyst, the reaction temperature and the reaction time. Identification and quantification of urea in the reaction mixtures was obtained by analysis of its 13C NMR spectrum. A preliminary mechanistic interpretation of the catalytic reaction is also briefly presented and commented.
Morphing Bus: A New Paradigm in Peripheral Interconnect Bus (2013)

Modern digital peripheral interconnect buses are typically described as one of the two types, serial or parallel, based on whether or not the physical data channel(s) is (are) shared across the bits of a coherent data word. Conventional serial and parallel buses operate in a time-multiplexed mode, allowing access to only one peripheral device at a time. PCIexpress expanded this simple bifurcation by combining serial data channels with simultaneous access to multiple peripheral devices (or multiple regions of the same peripheral). Moving to that nontime-multiplexed mode opened a new dimension by which bus architectures could be classified. Under this taxonomy of serial versus parallel and time-multiplexed versus nontime multiplexed, our Morphing Bus presents a new paradigm that fills the parallel, nontime multiplexed interconnect niche. Furthermore, the Morphing Bus eliminates the notion of an intermediate data format and thereby obviates the need for bus interface circuitry. Instead of a common data format to which all the sensors and actuators are translated, the Morphing Bus transforms-or morphs-its signal lines to meet the needs of the connected sensors or actuators. For digital sensors and actuators, this morphing is achieved through a field-programmable gate array on the processor side of the bus. As programmable devices begin to incorporate analog signal paths, the Morphing Bus paves the way for integrating analog and digital signals into a single bus paradigm. The efficacy of the Morphing Bus is verified via implementation on a miniature robot and the bandwidth of the bus implementation is experimentally characterized. Its unique physical I/O stack in the form of a helical structure provides efficient cooling and power distribution for compact embedded systems in addition to the novel interconnect paradigm.