gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-paced movement intention detection from human brain signals: Invasive and non-invasive EEG (2012)

Neural signatures of humans' movement intention can be exploited by future neuroprosthesis. We propose a method for detecting self-paced upper limb movement intention from brain signals acquired with both invasive and non-invasive methods. In the first study with scalp electroencephalograph (EEG) signals from healthy controls, we report single trial detection of movement intention using movement-related potentials (MRPs) in a frequency range between 0.1 to 1 Hz. Movement intention can be detected above chance level (p<0.05) on average 460 ms before the movement onset with low detection rate during the non-movement intention period. Using intracranial EEG (iEEG) from one epileptic subject, we detect movement intention as early as 1500 ms before movement onset with accuracy above 90% using electrodes implanted in the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA). The coherent results obtained with non-invasive and invasive method and its generalization capabilities across different days of recording, strengthened the theory that self-paced movement intention can be detected before movement initiation for the advancement in robot-assisted neurorehabilitation.
Design, fabrication and testing of a micromachined integrated tunable microlens (2006)

An integrated tunable microlens chip capable of adjusting its focal length over a wide range without any mechanical driving parts is reported in this paper. The packaged microlens chip consists of a flexible polymer lens, a fluidic chamber, a thermal actuator and a sensor. The focal length change is controlled by varying the voltage applied to the thermal actuator. The focal length can be changed from 14.658 mm to 2.782 mm, which corresponds to the change of numerical aperture from 0.078 to 0.412. The tunable microlens chip is a critical device to increase the efficiency of the image capture and the light detection in optical or biophotonic applications. Potential applications include camera phones, surveillance cameras, disk recording systems, collimators, optical sensing systems, confocal imaging systems and optical communications.
Nutrição vegetariana: avanços e perspectivas (2011)

Ao redor do mundo o numero de adeptos do vegetarianismo esta crescendo. A velocidade de crescimento e lenta, porem constante. Entretanto, o interesse pelo vegetarianismo vai alem do senso popular. O assunto tem atraido a atencao de pesquisadores, com crescimento progressivo do volume de publicacoes cientificas sobre este assunto
A prospective cohort study on selenium status and the risk of lung cancer. (1993)

Selenium has been suggested to be anticarcinogenic and to play a role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. The association between toenail selenium (a marker of long-term selenium status) and lung cancer was investigated in a cohort study of diet and cancer that started in 1986 among 120,852 Dutch men and women aged 55-69 years. After 3.3 years of follow-up, 550 incident cases of lung carcinoma were detected. Toenail selenium data were available for 370 lung cancer cases and 2459 members of a randomly selected subcohort. The rate ratio of lung cancer for subjects in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of toenail selenium, after controlling for age, gender, smoking, and education, was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.81), with a significant inverse trend across quintiles (P = 0.006). The protective effect of selenium was concentrated in subjects with a relatively low dietary intake of beta-carotene or vitamin C. The rate ratio in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of selenium was 0.45 in the low beta-carotene group (95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.92; trend P = 0.028) and 0.36 in the low vitamin C group (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.75; trend P < 0.001). The results of this study support an inverse association between selenium status and lung cancer and suggest a modification of the effect of selenium by the antioxidants beta-carotene and vitamin C.
System Engineering and Design of a Pulsed Homopolar Generator Power Supply for the Texas Experimental Tokamak (2016)

The design of a homopolar generator power supply for the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) is presented. Four series-connected disk type homopolar machines serve as inertial energy storage and conversion devices to supply 50-70 MW peak power to the toroidal field coil and ohmic heating coil circuits. The system is nominally operated at 150 MJ, 430 V to provide a 0.5 sec flat top, 160kA TF current pulse and a 0.3 sec, kA OH current pulse every 2.0 min on a continuous basis. The system has a maximum capacity of 200 MJ at a maximum open circuit voltage of 500 V. The homopolar machine design is described. The vertical shaft generators are excited by water-cooled, copper field coils and have ferromagnetic rotors. The magnetic reluctance torque tends to tilt the rotor between the cast steel pole pieces and hydrostatic journal bearings have been designed to maintain the angular position of the rotor. The rotor is suspended by a Kingsbury type hydrodynamic thrust bearing. The main ac powered oil supply system is backed by a completely redundant dc drive oil supply which is powered by station batteries. Control power is provided by a non-interruptible battery-inverter supply. The generators are driven by SCR controlled, variable speed de motor drives which are equipped with contactors and resistors for dynamic braking. Internal generators losses are removed by a combination of forced air ventilation and water cooling. The forced air system has provisions for the collection of brush wear debris. The overall generator configuration is designed to require minimum down time for brush maintenance. The TEXT homopolar generator system was designed under funding support provided by the O.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) .
DIFFERENTIAL INFECTIVITIES OF O’NYONG-NYONG AND CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS ISOLATES IN ANOPHELES GAMBIAE AND AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITOES (2005)

O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are closely related alphaviruses that cause human disease in Africa and Asia. Like most alphaviruses, CHIKV is vectored by culicine mosquitoes. ONNV is considered unusual as it primarily infects anopheline mosquitoes; however, there are relatively few experimental data to support this. In this study, three strains of ONNV and one strain of CHIKV were evaluated in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in four cell lines. As predicted, CHIKV was not infectious to An. gambiae, and we observed strain-variability for ONNV with respect to the ability of the virus to infect An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti. The species specificity in vivo was reflected by in vitro experiments using culicine and anopheline-derived cell lines.
Iran's Young Opposition: Youth in Post-Revolutionary Iran (2006)

In a country of 68 million people, the youth in Iran constitute close to 70 percent of the population. In the absence of a strong opposition, young Iranians are now the de facto opposition in the Islamic Republic. The emergence of new youth networks of communications has allowed young Iranians to circumvent the rules and regulations of the regime by expressing themselves and communicating above the grid through digital, audio, and visual media. This has changed the way they think and created new opportunities to work with the youth of Iran to bring about democracy on their terms.
QUILL rewrites the future of industrial solvents (1999)

K. Seddon, Green Chem., 1999, 1, G58 DOI: 10.1039/GC990G58
Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure in Dogs (1992)

Seventeen dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied to evaluate the incidence, type, and etiology of anemia in CRF. A nonregenerative, normochromic, normocytic anemia was seen in 12 of 17 dogs (70.6%). There was a direct correlation between the degree of anemia and the extent of CRF as assessed by serum creatinine concentrations (P = .0386, r = .50923). Erythrocyte concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) were significantly increased in anemic animals and showed a close correlation to the degree of anemia. The high DPG concentrations may compensate for the anemia by decreasing the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and thereby facilitating tissue oxygenation at low hematocrits. Serum concentrations of erythropoietin (Epo) were in the low to normal range, despite mild to moderate anemia, documenting a deficiency of Epo in dogs with CRF. The nonregenerative nature of the anemia supports impaired hematopoiesis as a significant etiologic factor. Other factors, such as increases in serum parathyroid hormone and phosphorus, were not found to correlate significantly with the degree of anemia, although there were significant differences between their concentrations in anemic compared with non-anemic dogs. There was no change in erythrocyte osmotic fragility with uremia. The documentation of a nonregenerative, normochromic, normocytic anemia, with failure of an appropriate increase in Epo production, supports the therapeutic use of Epo in the management of the anemia seen in CRF in the dog.
A comparison of two different instruments for measuring venison CIELAB values and colour assessment by a trained panel (1991)

Abstract Venison colour was measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter CR200b portable filter colorimeter to give CIE (1976) L * a * b * (CIELAB) values the results were compared with those obtained with a Hunter LabScan 6000 scanning reflectance spectrocolorimeter and a sensory evaluation panel. The values obtained depended on the instrument used, but the variations from one instrument to another were systematic, enabling the filter colorimeter to be calibrated against the reflectance spectrocolorimeter. Panel scores could be accurately predicted by a linear combination of CIELAB values ( R 2 (adj) = 0.86).
Suction lipoplasty: a report on complications, undesired results, and patient satisfaction based on 3511 procedures. (1991)

Suction lipoplasty comprising 3511 procedures in 2009 patients was followed up prospectively for 6 to 12 months over a 5-year period. Eighty-eight percent of the procedures led to patient satisfaction and 3.4 percent led to dissatisfaction. Males were more dissatisfied than females. No mortality, deep thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, hypotension, or respiratory distress (fat emboli syndrome) was registered. Excessive bleeding and complications from anesthesia were the most common general complications. No hematoma, skin slough, or damage to adjacent organs occurred. Hypertrophic scarring and skin problems caused by external factors were the most common local complications. Only one clinical bacterial infection occurred. Three hundred and seventy-nine undesired results were registered by the 6-month follow-up, and 213 revisions because of asymmetry, underresection, or skin problems were performed. A total of 121 procedures unexpectedly required secondary suction, skin excision, or fat grafting. Forty-five sequelae were not corrected by revisions. Medial thigh, buttock, ankle, and facial suction emerged as the most difficult locations with regard to the results and complication rate. The age group 20 to 49 years emerged as the least troublesome.
Advancements in Package-on-Package (PoP) technology, delivering performance, form factor &amp; cost benefits in next generation Smartphone processors (2013)

The explosive growth and adoption of Smartphones in the mobile market has led to its proliferation into feature-rich phones. Prismark's estimate of total handset shipped globally in 2012 stands at 1.8 Billion (B) units, with Smartphones taking 700 Million (M) unit share, and the projected total market size by 2013 is at 2.3B units. More importantly, the projected Compounded Average Annual Growth Rate (CAAGR) for Smartphone tier is at 21% whiles the projected CAAGR for the historic feature-rich and low-end phone through the same timeframe is -8% and -6%, respectively. As a result of this growth rate increase in Smartphones, adoption of Package-on-Package (PoP) technology, which has long been reserved for high-end phones, and which also benefits from the vertical integration of DRAM memory package and Logic or Application Processor (AP) package, has been increasing mainly due to its capability of addressing the board space limitation faced with, in most Smartphone devices. Additionally, this vertical integration, which results in shorter signal path between the Memory and AP device, leads to better Signal Integrity (SI) and faster data-rate transfer, hence improving the overall device performance. With the more widespread adoption of Smartphones, two other trends have simultaneously been taking place that include downward cost pressure and thinner profile handsets. This latter trend in thickness reduction has long been putting pressure on PoP height reduction, which in turn has resulted in development of various PoP technologies to address the thinner profile package requirements [1]. One particular PoP package type known as Molded Laser-Via Package (MLP) has become popular over the traditional Bare Die PoP type in addressing this height reduction due to its advantages for height reduction and improved warpage performance [2]. However, to address the cost sensitive handset segment and to provide a low cost PoP solution for lower tier Smartphones, recently Bare Die PoP in a very thin profile measuring only to 1.2mm max stack height and with 0.4mm Memory Interface (MI) pitch has been developed and qualified. This paper describes the features of this package, proliferation of Bare Die PoP into larger body packages and challenges that body size-increase brings about, performance comparison of Bare Die PoP to its more advanced MLP counterpart, and some advancements seen in MLP package technology.
Current-feedback op-amps for high-speed I/O (2004)

When it comes to designing circuits with operational amplifiers (op-amps), current feedback is a very different architecture compared with voltage feedback. Current feedback is well suited to high-speed signals because it does not have a fundamental gain-bandwidth product limitation, and because it has inherent linearity. Current-feedback op-amps provide a high-bandwidth alternative to voltage feedback, but the design techniques and tricks needed are quite different.
Milnacipran: A Dual Norepinephrine and Serotonin Reuptake Pump Inhibitor (2004)

SHELDON H. PRESKORN, MD, is Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, and Medical Director, Clinical Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas. He has more than 25 years of drug development research experience at all levels (i.e., preclinical through Phase IV) and has been a principal investigator on over 150 clinical trials including every antidepressant marketed in the United States over the last 15 years. Dr. Preskorn maintains a website at <www.preskorn.com> where readers can access previous columns and other publications. *Readers can access previous columns and other publications by Dr. Preskorn at his website: www.preskorn.com.
Automatic determination of optimal linear drilling trajectories for cochlear access accounting for drill‐positioning error (2010)

Using this method, safe trajectories can be automatically determined quickly and consistently.
Oxalic acid production by citric acid-producing <i>Aspergillus niger</i> overexpressing the oxaloacetate hydrolase gene <i>oahA</i> (2014)

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is used worldwide in the industrial production of citric acid. However, under specific cultivation conditions, citric acid-producing strains of A. niger accumulate oxalic acid as a by-product. Oxalic acid is used as a chelator, detergent, or tanning agent. Here, we sought to develop oxalic acid hyperproducers using A. niger as a host. To generate oxalic acid hyperproducers by metabolic engineering, transformants overexpressing the oahA gene, encoding oxaloacetate hydrolase (OAH; EC 3.7.1.1), were constructed in citric acid-producing A. niger WU-2223L as a host. The oxalic acid production capacity of this strain was examined by cultivation of EOAH-1 under conditions appropriate for oxalic acid production with 30 g/l glucose as a carbon source. Under all the cultivation conditions tested, the amount of oxalic acid produced by EOAH-1, a representative oahA-overexpressing transformant, exceeded that produced by A. niger WU-2223L. A. niger WU-2223L and EOAH-1 produced 15.6 and 28.9 g/l oxalic acid, respectively, during the 12-day cultivation period. The yield of oxalic acid for EOAH-1 was 64.2 % of the maximum theoretical yield. Our method for oxalic acid production gave the highest yield of any study reported to date. Therefore, we succeeded in generating oxalic acid hyperproducers by overexpressing a single gene, i.e., oahA, in citric acid-producing A. niger as a host.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Suppress Intracellular Calcium Mobilization and Membrane Current Induced by Lysophosphatidylcholine in Endothelial Cells (2002)

LPC induced Ca2+ mobilization and membrane current via a Rho activation-dependent PLC pathway in endothelial cells, and statins blocked these effects by preventing the GGPP-dependent lipid modification of Rho. The present study implicates Rho in LPC stimulation of Ca2+ movement.
Isolation of L Type Cultures from lostridia. (1950)

L type cultures have been isolated from a strain of Clostridium tetani with the help of penicillin. Similar cultures were obtained from a freshly isolated unidentified Clostridium when the area surrounding a 2-day-old agar culture was reinoculated with the same strain. The metabolic products diffusing from old culture inhibited growth and transformed the bacilli into L forms. The L type cultures obtained are similar in appearance and morphology to those isolated previously from a Gram positive spore-bearing bacillus. They differ from the L forms of Gram negative bacilli inasmuch as they grow better in the absence rather than the presence of animal serum and have a tendency to form large spreading colonies increasing in size for several months.
Retinal nerve fiber layer retardation measurements using a polarization-sensitive fundus camera (2011)

To measure the retardation distribution of the optic retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) from a single image, we have developed a new polarization analysis system that is able to detect the Stokes vector using a fundus camera. The polarization analysis system is constructed with a CCD area image sensor, a linear polarizing plate, a microphase plate array, and a circularly polarized light illumination unit. In this system, the Stokes vector expressing the whole state of polarization is detected, and the influence of the background scattering in the retina and of the retardation caused by the cornea are numerically eliminated. The measurement method is based on the hypothesis that the retardation process of the eye optics can be quantified by a numerical equation that consists of a retardation matrix of all the polarization components. We show the method and the measurement results for normal eyes. Our results indicate that the present method may provide a useful means for the evaluation of retardation distribution of the RNFL.
Role of Subsurface Oxygen on Cu Surfaces for CO<sub>2</sub> Electrochemical Reduction (2018)

Under ambient conditions, copper with oxygen near the surface displays strengthened CO2 and CO adsorption energies. This finding is often used to rationalize differences seen in product distributions between Cu-oxide and pure Cu electrodes during electrochemical CO2 reduction. However, little evidence exists to confirm the presence of oxygen within first few layers of the Cu matrix under relevant experimental reducing conditions. Using density functional theory calculations, we discuss the stability of subsurface oxygen from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives and show that under reducing potentials subsurface oxygen alone should have negligible effects on the activity of crystalline Cu.
Genetic interactions of G-quadruplexes in humans (2019)

G-quadruplexes (G4) are alternative nucleic acid structures involved in transcription, translation and replication. Aberrant G4 formation and stabilisation is linked to genome instability and cancer. G4 ligand treatment disrupts key biological processes leading to cell death. To discover genes and pathways involved with G4s and gain mechanistic insights into G4 biology, we present the first unbiased genome-wide study to systematically identify human genes that promote cell death when silenced by shRNA in the presence of G4-stabilising small molecules. Many novel genetic vulnerabilities were revealed opening up new therapeutic possibilities in cancer, which we exemplified by an orthogonal pharmacological inhibition approach that phenocopies gene silencing. We find that targeting the WEE1 cell cycle kinase or USP1 deubiquitinase in combination with G4 ligand treatment enhances cell killing. We also identify new genes and pathways regulating or interacting with G4s and demonstrate that the DDX42 DEAD-box helicase is a newly discovered G4-binding protein.
Wall shear stress temporal gradient and anastomotic intimal hyperplasia. (1994)

Unusual wall shear stress patterns on the bed of end-to-side arterial anastomoses appear to be the primary factor in the development of intimal hyperplasia that often leads to arterial bypass graft failure. In this in vitro study using the photochromic tracer technique, the shear stress variation on the bed of a 30 degrees anastomosis was examined before and after the development of hyperplasia. With the disease-free model, a rapid downstream shift in the stagnation point was seen on the bed during the systolic phase of the flow cycle, which led to sharp temporal changes in the shear stress from positive to negative values, ie, rapid changes in the direction of the shearing force. The resulting negative temporal gradients were roughly eight times larger than those seen in a straight tube, and it is suggested that this may lead to endothelial deformation or injury and eventually to intimal thickening. With the diseased model, the simulated tissue overgrowth on the bed appeared to act as a flow divider that restricted the motion of the stagnation point, and this drastically reduced the rapid changes in the direction of the shearing forces. Thus, it seems that the development of bed anastomotic intimal hyperplasia may be a response designed to reduce shear-induced endothelial deformation or injury.
Convolutional Neural Networks vs. Convolution Kernels: Feature Engineering for Answer Sentence Reranking (2016)

Kateryna Tymoshenko, Daniele Bonadiman, Alessandro Moschitti. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2016.
A Hybrid Activated Carbon-Manganese Dioxide Capacitor using a Mild Aqueous Electrolyte (2004)

A hybrid electrochemical capacitor using and activated carbon (AC) as positive and negative electrodes, respectively, has been designed. The electrodes were individually tested in a mild aqueous electrolyte (0.65 M in order to define the adequate balance of active material in the capacitor as well as the working voltage. The hybrid electrochemical capacitor was cycled between 0 and 2.2 V for over 10,000 constant current charge/discharge cycles. A real energy density of 10 Wh/kg was reproducibly measured with a real power density reaching 3600 W/kg. The hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions on AC and electrodes, respectively, were investigated in 0.65 M Despite the good electrochemical performance of the 2.2 V capacitor, gas evolution could be a hindrance for practical use. Subsequently, a 1.5 V capacitor was tested for more than 23,000 cycles and yielded interesting electrochemical performance with negligible gas evolution. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.