gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonviral gene therapy targeting cardiovascular system (2012)

The goal of gene therapy is either to introduce a therapeutic gene into or replace a defective gene in an individual's cells and tissues. Gene therapy has been urged as a potential method to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium and peripheral tissues after extensive investigation in recent preclinical and clinical studies. A successful gene therapy mainly relies on the development of the gene delivery vector. Developments in viral and nonviral vector technology including cell-based gene transfer will further improve transgene delivery and expression efficiency. Nonviral approaches as alternative gene delivery vehicles to viral vectors have received significant attention. Recently, a simple and safe approach of gene delivery into target cells using naked DNA has been improved by combining several techniques. Among the physical approaches, ultrasonic microbubble gene delivery, with its high safety profile, low costs, and repeatable applicability, can increase the permeability of cell membrane to macromolecules such as plasmid DNA by its bioeffects and can provide as a feasible tool in gene delivery. On the other hand, among the promising areas for gene therapy in acquired diseases, ischemic cardiovascular diseases have been widely studied. As a result, gene therapy using advanced technology may play an important role in this regard. The aims of this review focus on understanding the cellular and in vivo barriers in gene transfer and provide an overview of currently used chemical vectors and physical tools that are applied in nonviral cardiovascular gene transfer.
Fabrication and patterning of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films on LaAlO3 substrates (1990)

High critical transition temperature (high Tc) superconducting thin films of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O (TlCaBaCuO) were fabricated on LaAlO3 substrates in an rf magnetron sputtering system. As-deposited thin films were sintered and annealed in a thallium rich ambient to obtain superconductivity with a zero resistance critical temperature (Tc) at 103 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the thin films were highly c-axis oriented with both Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O (2223) and Tl2CalBa2Cu2Ox (2122) phases present. A wet chemical etching process was used for patterning the as-deposited TlCaBaCuO thin films. Linewidths as small as 25 m were patterned using standard photolithography and wet chemical etching techniques. A ring resonator designed for a center frequency of 30 GHz has been fabricated.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Behavior of Improved Li[Ni[sub x]Co[sub 1−2x]Mn[sub x]]O[sub 2] (0.1≤x≤0.5) (2003)

In recent papers, our laboratory has reported new cathode materials based on the series. These materials show good performance and appear to be much less reactive with electrolyte at high temperatures than at the same potential; however, the tap density and resulting electrode density of samples reported previously is lower than required for many industrial applications in Li-ion batteries. This paper focuses on changes to the synthesis procedure to increase the tap and pellet densities. Denser samples (pellet density between 3.7 and can be obtained using an improved coprecipitation method, followed by heating at 1100°C. Different cell performance is obtained depending on the cooling conditions and on the stoichiometry, in The best capacity retention for cycling to 4.4 V is obtained for heated to 1100°C followed by slow cooling in oxygen. The volumetric energy density of electrodes (not including the current collector) of this material is 2110 Wh/L compared to 2270 Wh/L for optimized cycled under the same conditions (40 mA/g, 2.5 to 4.4 V). The volumetric energy density of would exceed that of if the irreversible capacity (about 20 mAh/g) could be eliminated, and that will be the focus of future work. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Simultaneous and Sequential MS/MS Scan Combinations and Permutations in a Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap (2017)

Methods of performing precursor ion scans as well as neutral loss scans in a single linear quadrupole ion trap have recently been described. In this paper we report methodology for performing permutations of MS/MS scan modes, that is, ordered combinations of precursor, product, and neutral loss scans following a single ion injection event. Only particular permutations are allowed; the sequences demonstrated here are (1) multiple precursor ion scans, (2) precursor ion scans followed by a single neutral loss scan, (3) precursor ion scans followed by product ion scans, and (4) segmented neutral loss scans. (5) The common product ion scan can be performed earlier in these sequences, under certain conditions. Simultaneous scans can also be performed. These include multiple precursor ion scans, precursor ion scans with an accompanying neutral loss scan, and multiple neutral loss scans. We argue that the new capability to perform complex simultaneous and sequential MS<sup>n</sup> operations on single ion populations represents a significant step in increasing the selectivity of mass spectrometry.
Receptor-binding domain of murine leukemia virus envelope glycoproteins (1995)

The surface glycoprotein (SU) of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) comprises two domains connected by a proline-rich hinge. The interaction of MuLV particles with subgroup-specific cell surface receptors depends primarily on two variable regions (VRA and VRB) located in the amino-terminal domain. To delineate the minimal receptor-binding domains, we examined the capacity of soluble envelope fragments to compete with the entry of virus particles. Amphotropic, ecotropic, polytropic, and xenotropic truncated SUs were produced by inserting stop codons in the env gene of the 4070A, Friend, MCF247 and NZB MuLVs, respectively. These fragments, as well as full-length envelope glycoproteins, were stably expressed in cells bearing the corresponding receptor. Synthesis, posttranslational modifications, transport, and secretion of the env gene products were monitored by immunoprecipitation. Cells expressing the modified SUs or naive cells preincubated with SU-containing conditioned media were infected with different pseudotypes of a retroviral vector carrying a beta-galactosidase marker gene. Reduction of cell susceptibility to infection in the presence of SU was used as a measure of receptor occupancy. The results indicated that the amphotropic and ecotropic envelope amino-terminal domains contain all of the determinants required for receptor binding. In contrast, additional sequences in the proline-rich region were needed for efficient interaction of the polytropic and xenotropic amino-terminal domains with the receptors.
p185neu is phosphorylated on tyrosine in human primary breast tumors which overexpress neu/erbB-2. (1990)

A series of primary human breast tumors was analysed by immunoblotting with anti-neu antibodies. Overproduction of the neu protein-tyrosine kinase, p185neu, was observed in 23 of 56 malignant tumor samples. 29 of these tumors were also immunoblotted with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. A single prominent phosphotyrosine-containing protein, which co-migrated with p185neu was identified in 11 of the 29 tumors examined. There was an exact concordance between the tumors with a 185kDa phosphotyrosine-containing protein, and those with elevated p185neu. These results indicate that overexpressed p185neu in primary human breast cancer is phosphorylated on tyrosine, most likely by autophosphorylation, and by inference is enzymatically activated as a protein-tyrosine kinase. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation may therefore be important in the development of a substantial fraction of breast cancers.
Queues don't matter when you can JUMP them! (2015)

QJUMP is a simple and immediately deployable ap-proach to controlling network interference in datacenter networks. Network interference occurs when congestion from throughput-intensive applications causes queueing that delays traffic from latency-sensitive applications. To mitigate network interference, QJUMP applies Inter-net QoS-inspired techniques to datacenter applications. Each application is assigned to a latency sensitivity level (or class). Packets from higher levels are rate-limited in the end host, but once allowed into the network can “jump-the-queue ” over packets from lower levels. In set-tings with known node counts and link speeds, QJUMP can support service levels ranging from strictly bounded latency (but with low rate) through to line-rate through-put (but with high latency variance). We have implemented QJUMP as a Linux Traffic Con-trol module. We show that QJUMP achieves bounded latency and reduces in-network interference by up to
Pharmacological Effects on Accommodative Adaptation (1992)

We review the research which has attempted to determine whether the characteristics of autonomic innervation of ciliary smooth muscle are relevant to the process of accommodative adaptation. The effect of various topical autonomic drugs on the three phases of adaptation were analyzed: pre-task tonic accommodation (open-loop); within-task accommodative response (closed-loop); and post-task regression of accommodation to pre-task tonic levels. Although it is clear that parasympathetic innervation predominates, there is evidence that some individuals utilize supplementary inhibitory sympathetic innervation. When sympathetic innervation is augmented by substantial levels of concurrent parasympathetic accommodative activity, it may serve to attenuate the magnitude and duration of post-task shifts in tonic accommodation. It is proposed that individuals with a deficit in sympathetic inhibition may therefore be predisposed to anomalies of accommodative adaptation. However, the mechanism by which the oculomotor system responds to such predisposition is at present obscure.
Stop codon recognition and interactions with peptide release factor RF3 of truncated and chimeric RF1 and RF2 from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Release factors RF1 and RF2 recognize stop codons present at the A-site of the ribosome and activate hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA to release the peptide chain. Interactions with RF3, a ribosome-dependent GTPase, then initiate a series of reactions that accelerate the dissociation of RF1 or RF2 and their recycling between ribosomes. Two regions of Escherichia coli RF1 and RF2 were identified previously as involved in stop codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. We show here that removing the N-terminal domain of RF1 or RF2 or exchanging this domain between the two factors does not affect RF specificity but has different effects on the activity of RF1 and RF2: truncated RF1 remains highly active and able to support rapid cell growth, whereas cells with truncated RF2 grow only poorly. Transplanting a loop of 13 amino acid residues from RF2 to RF1 switches the stop codon specificity. The interaction of the truncated factors with RF3 on the ribosome is defective: they fail to stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange on RF3, recycling is not stimulated by RF3, and nucleotide-free RF3 fails to stabilize the binding of RF1 or RF2 to the ribosome. However, the N-terminal domain seems not to be required for the expulsion of RF1 or RF2 by RF3:GTP.
Communicating with online students: lessons from the front (2002)

The authors describe lessons learned from their online teaching experiences with two different delivery systems. One is a system using the World Wide Web, bulletin boards, e-mail and chat rooms for instructions and another is a software package known as Convene. In each case, students pursue their degrees via 100% online courses. The article discusses the planning process necessary to ensure an effective online course as well as lessons learned about actually communicating online, including the correct degree of informality and the importance of continuous feedback. Finally, the results of a case study in online assessment of student attitudes is presented.
Investigative Study on Nitric Oxide Production in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells under Normal and High Glucose Conditions (2018)

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major health problem associated with diabetes mellitus. Impaired nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to be a major contributor to the dysregulation of healing in DFU. The level of impairment is not known primarily due to challenges with measuring NO. Herein, we report the actual level of NO produced by human dermal fibroblasts cultured under normal and high glucose conditions. Fibroblasts produce the extracellular matrix, which facilitate the migration of keratinocytes to close wounds. The results show that NO production was significantly higher in normal glucose compared to high glucose conditions. The real-time NO detected was compared to the nitrite present in the culture media and there was a direct correlation between real-time NO and nitrite in normal glucose conditions. However, real-time NO detection and nitrite measurement did not correlate under high glucose conditions. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme responsible for NO production was upregulated in normal and high glucose conditions and the proliferation rate of fibroblasts was not statistically different in all the treatment groups. Relying only on nitrite to assess NO production is not an accurate determinant of the NO present in the wound bed in pathological states such as diabetes mellitus.
Reactions of 2-Acyloxyisobutyryl Halides with Nucleosides. 1V.l A Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Nucleosides Using Chromous Acetate (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2-Acyloxyisobutyryl Halides with Nucleosides. 1V.l A Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Nucleosides Using Chromous AcetateTikam C. Jain, Ian D. Jenkins, Alan F. Russell, Julien P. H. Verheyden, and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 1, 30–38Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00915a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00915a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

The antibacterial effect and mechanism of action of a silver ion solution that was electrically generated were investigated for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by analyzing the growth, morphology, and ultrastructure of the bacterial cells following treatment with the silver ion solution. Bacteria were exposed to the silver ion solution for various lengths of time, and the antibacterial effect of the solution was tested using the conventional plate count method and flow cytometric (FC) analysis. Reductions of more than 5 log(10) CFU/ml of both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were confirmed after 90 min of treatment with the silver ion solution. Significant reduction of S. aureus and E. coli cells was also observed by FC analysis; however, the reduction rate determined by FC analysis was less than that determined by the conventional plate count method. These differences may be attributed to the presence of bacteria in an active but nonculturable (ABNC) state after treatment with the silver ion solution. Transmission electron microscopy showed considerable changes in the bacterial cell membranes upon silver ion treatment, which might be the cause or consequence of cell death. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that silver ions may cause S. aureus and E. coli bacteria to reach an ABNC state and eventually die.
Size dependence of switching thresholds for pseudo spin valve MRAM cells (1997)

For magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) to be a successful new memory technology, very dense cells with high output are necessary. As bit sizes shrink, it becomes advantageous to employ memory modes in which the uniaxial anisotropy lies along the length of the bit. For bits smaller than approximately 0.2 μm in width, curling across the bit becomes small, and the magnetization may be treated as a uniform single domain. We have modeled “pseudo spin valve” MRAM cells in the single-domain approximation. Calculations in this size regime for asymmetric giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sandwich material reveal that switching thresholds are sensitive to bit size. Submicron cells 0.4 μm×2.2 μm in size have been patterned from asymmetric GMR sandwich material and switching thresholds compare favorably with the single-domain model. These “pseudo spin valve” memory cells are very promising for nonvolatile, high speed, high-density memories.
Payload Length and Rate Adaptation for Throughput Optimization in Wireless LANs (2006)

Wireless local area networks offer a range of transmitted data rates that are to be selected according to estimated channel conditions. However, due to packet overheads and contention times introduced by the CSMA/CA multiple access protocol, effective throughput is much less than the transmitted bit rates. Furthermore, if there is even a single bit error in the packet, the entire packet is discarded and the packet is retransmitted. This causes the effective throughput to be a function of the packet payload length. We provide a theoretical framework to optimize single-user throughput by selecting the transmitted bit rate and payload size as a function of channel conditions for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Nakagami-m fading channels. Numerical results reveal that careful payload adaptation significantly improves the throughput performance at low signal to noise ratios (SNRs) while at higher SNRs, rate adaptation with higher payload lengths provides better performance. We compare the range of SNRs over which payload length adaptation is crucial for AWGN and different fading channels based on the m-parameter of Nakagami fading realization. We then specify SNR values for switching between transmitted bit rates and payload lengths such that the effective throughput is maximized.
Severe brachial plexus injury after retropubic radical prostatectomy -A case report- (2012)

A 69-year-old man with prostate cancer underwent surgery for 16 h. Approximately 6 h after surgery, the patient developed severe pain and motor weakness in his right arm. After neurologic examinations that included a nerve conduction study and electromyography, the patient was diagnosed with a brachial plexus injury. The causes of the brachial plexus injury were thought to be abduction of both arms, direct compression of the shoulder brace, and prolonged surgery. Most of the postoperative peripheral nerve injuries due to patient position are preventable, and anesthetists and surgeons should be very careful in positioning the patient accurately.
EFEITO DE UM PROGRAMA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA E NA AUTO- PERCEPÇÃO DA APTIDÃO FÍSICA EM MULHERES ACIMA DE 50 ANOS DE IDADE (2012)

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito de um programa de atividade física na aptidão física e na auto-percepção da aptidão físi­ca em mulheres acima de 50 anos. Participaram do programa de 22 semanas. 2 vezes/semana. 1hlaula, 35 mulheres divididas em: expe­rimental (GE), n=20,50 a 75anos,x: 63,1 ±6,1 anos;e controle (GC), n=15, 50 a 83 anos, x: 61.8 ±9,7 anos. Foram analisadas as variá­veis: adiposidade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), força dos membros superiores e inferiores (MMII), flexibilidade do tronco, mobilidade (VA); agilidade e a endurance cardiorrespiratória (ECR). A auto-percepção (AP) foi avaliada de forma quantitativa (APQl): nota de 0 (pior) a 10 (melhor); e qualitativa (APQl): pior, igual ou melhor que seus pares. Análises estatísticas utilizadas: "teste t de Student" e delta percentual na aptidão física pré e pós programa; coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson paraA Pqt equi-quadrado eK appa paraa APQL, com p
High-<i>Q</i> lattice mode matched structural resonances in terahertz metasurfaces (2016)

The quality (Q) factor of metamaterial resonances is limited by the radiative and non-radiative losses. At terahertz frequencies, the dominant loss channel is radiative in nature since the non-radiative losses are low due to high conductivity of metals. Radiative losses could be suppressed by engineering the meta-atom structure. However, such suppression usually occurs at the fundamental resonance mode which is typically a closed mode resonance such as an inductive-capacitive resonance or a Fano resonance. Here, we report an order of magnitude enhancement in Q factor of all the structural eigenresonances of a split-ring resonator fueled by the lattice mode matching. We match the fundamental order diffractive mode to each of the odd and even eigenresonances, thus leading to a tremendous line-narrowing of all the resonances. Such precise tailoring and control of the structural resonances in a metasurface lattice could have potential applications in low-loss devices, sensing, and design of high-Q metamaterial cavities.
Nanostructured Origami 3D fabrication and assembly of electrochemical energy storage devices (2005)

Using the Nanostructured Origami/sup /spl trade// 3D Fabrication and Assembly Process, 3D nanostructured devices can be made from exclusively 2D micro- and nanofabrication tools. The origami approach consists of first patterning large 2D membranes and then folding them along predefined regions to obtain the desired 3D configuration. State-of-the art nanopatterning tools can be integrated into the process, and batch-fabrication can be achieved via several actuation methods that allow automated, parallel manipulation of the 2D segments. This paper reports on the application of the origami method to the fabrication of a supercapacitor, a type of an electrochemical energy storage device. The advantages of utilizing the 3rd dimension and nanostructured surfaces in such devices will be discussed.
Solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process to produce graphene with high yield and high quality (2009)

Monolayer and bilayer graphene sheets have been produced by a solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process in a highly polar organic solvent, acetonitrile, using expanded graphite (EG) as the starting material. It is proposed that the dipole-induced dipole interactions between graphene and acetonitrile facilitate the exfoliation and dispersion of graphene. The facile and effective solvothermal-assisted exfoliation process raises the low yield of graphene reported in previous syntheses to 10 wt%–12 wt%. By means of centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 90 min, monolayer and bilayer graphene were separated effectively without the need to add a stabilizer or modifier. Electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the resulting graphene sheets are high quality products without any significant structural defects.