gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chinese wall security for decentralized workflow management systems* (2004)

Workflow systems are gaining importance as an infrastructure for automating inter-organizational interactions, such as those in Electronic Commerce. In such an environment, a centralized Workflow Management System is not desirable because: (i) it can be a performance bottleneck, and (ii) the system s are inherently distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous in nature. Decentralized execution of inter-organizational workflows may raise a number of security issues including those related to conflict-of-interest among competing organizations. In this paper, we first provide an approach to realize decentralized workflow execution, in which the workflow is divided into partitions, called self-describing workflows, and handled by a light weight workflow management component, called workflow stub, located at each organizational agent. Second, we identify the limitations of the traditional workflow model with respect to expressing the various types of join dependencies and extend the traditional workflow model suitably. Distinguishing the different types of dependencies among tasks is essential in the efficient execution of self-describing workflows. Finally, we recognize that placing the task execution agents that belong to the same conflict-of-interest class in one self-describing workflow may lead to unfair, and in some cases, undesirable results, akin to being on the wrong side of the Chinese wall. Therefore, to address the conflict-of-interest issues that arise in competitive business environments, we propose a decentralized workflow Chinese wall security model. We propose a restrictive partitioning solution to enforce the proposed model.
Determining the fate of seeded cells in venous tissue‐engineered vascular grafts using serial MRI (2011)

A major limitation of tissue engineering research is the lack of noninvasive monitoring techniques for observations of dynamic changes in single tissue-engineered constructs. We use cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track the fate of cells seeded onto functional tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) through serial imaging. After in vitro optimization, murine macrophages were labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles and seeded onto scaffolds that were surgically implanted as inferior vena cava interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice. Serial MRI showed the transverse relaxation times (T(2)) were significantly lower immediately following implantation of USPIO-labeled scaffolds (T(2) = 44 ± 6.8 vs. 71 ± 10.2 ms) but increased rapidly at 2 h to values identical to control implants seeded with unlabeled macrophages (T(2) = 63 ± 12 vs. 63 ± 14 ms). This strongly indicates the rapid loss of seeded cells from the scaffolds, a finding verified using Prussian blue staining for iron containing macrophages on explanted TEVGs. Our results support a novel paradigm where seeded cells are rapidly lost from implanted scaffolds instead of developing into cells of the neovessel, as traditionally thought. Our findings confirm and validate this paradigm shift while demonstrating the first successful application of noninvasive MRI for serial study of cellular-level processes in tissue engineering.
The control of host-induced modification by phage P1 (1963)

f Following the notation of Arber & Dussoix (1962) the host-specificity of a phage will be represented by the name of the phage followed by the name of the host strain in which it was last grown. For example A-K means phage lambda which has been grown in K12 bacteria, while A-PI means phage lambda which has been grown in K12(P1) cells.
The role of the stalk in the coupling mechanism of F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub>‐ATPases (1994)

The extrinsic and intrinsic membrane sectors of F1F0-ATPases are linked by a slender stalk 40-50 A in length. The stalk transmits the energy produced by oxidative or photosynthetic phosphorylation from the intrinsic sector, F0, to the catalytic sites in the extrinsic F1 sector. How this is achieved is unknown, but long-range conformational changes linked to transmembrane proton transport may be involved. In bacterial and chloroplast F1F0-ATPases, the stalk is probably a composite of subunits delta and epsilon, part of the gamma-subunit, and the extrinsic membrane domains of 2 subunits (identical or non-identical according to the species) that are bound to the membrane by their N-terminal regions. The stalk in the bovine mitochondrial enzyme appears to be more complex, and the gamma, delta, epsilon, OSCP, F6, b and d subunits all contribute to it. A bovine stalk complex has been assembled in vitro from bacterially expressed OSCP, F6, b and d, both in the presence and in the absence of F1-ATPase. One molecule of each of these subunits is present in the assembled complex, as there is also in each native F1F0-ATPase assembly. Providing that suitable crystals can be obtained, the stalk complex and the F1.stalk complex may permit the high resolution structure of bovine F1-ATPase to be extended into the stalk domain.
Wavelet-based image denoising using a Markov random field a priori model (1997)

This paper describes a new method for the suppression of noise in images via the wavelet transform. The method relies on two measures. The first is a classic measure of smoothness of the image and is based on an approximation of the local Holder exponent via the wavelet coefficients. The second, novel measure takes into account geometrical constraints, which are generally valid for natural images. The smoothness measure and the constraints are combined in a Bayesian probabilistic formulation, and are implemented as a Markov random field (MRF) image model. The manipulation of the wavelet coefficients is consequently based on the obtained probabilities. A comparison of quantitative and qualitative results for test images demonstrates the improved noise suppression performance with respect to previous wavelet-based image denoising methods.
Effect of Hydrogel Matrices on Calcite Crystal Growth Morphology, Aggregate Formation, and Co-Orientation in Biomimetic Experiments and Biomineralization Environments (2015)

We investigate the effect of gelatin, agarose, and silica hydrogel with and without magnesium in the growth medium on calcite single crystal growth and aggregate formation. We characterize the hydrogel and the mineral by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). We image the pristine hydrogel fabric and the fabric of hydrogel incorporated into the mineral. We visualize the hydrogel–mineral interface and investigate the effect of the hydrogels on calcite micro- and mesostructure in the gel/calcite composits. We compare hydrogel fabrics in biomimetic hybrid composites with biopolymer matrices and networks in biological carbonate tissues of bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, and corraline red algae. In Mg-free environments, silica gel has very little effect on crystal morphology and arrangement; the gel/calcite composite that forms is a single gradient mesocrystal. Agarose and gelatin hydrogels influence mineral organization in gel/calcite aggregates, and these consist of very few subunits separated by hydrogel membranes. With Mg added to the growth medium, large and small angle boundaries highly increase in number: silica gel/calcite aggregates consist of partial spherulites with mesocrystalline subentities; agarose, gelatin gel/calcite aggregates are regular spherulites, and their subentities are single crystals. Thus, calcite crystal organization is influenced by accumulative split growth provoked by incorporation of magnesium.
Characterization of interleukin 1 induced rabbit chondrocyte phospholipase A2. (1990)

Stimulation of rabbit articular chondrocytes with interleukin 1 (IL-1) results in the activation of intracellular phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and the subsequent secretion of this enzyme into the extracellular milieu. Pretreatment of chondrocytes with actinomycin D or cycloheximide significantly inhibited IL-1 induced PLA2 activation and secretion, suggesting that the enzyme induction process is RNA and protein synthesis dependent. Chondrocyte PLA2 is highly calcium dependent with a 1 mM optimum CA++ concentration for hydrolytic activity; little or no hydrolysis is observed in the absence of calcium and the hydrolytic activity is abolished in the presence of 10 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. The enzyme is also pH sensitive with optimal PLA2 hydrolytic activity observed at pH 6.5-7. Further, chondrocyte PLA2 was sensitive to inhibition by mepacrine, a compound with PLA2 inhibitory activity. The IL-1 induced chondrocyte PLA2 has a molecular weight of approximately 10 kDa, as determined by molecular sieve G75 column chromatography. The apparent molecular weight and CA++, pH and drug sensitivity of the extracellular and intracellular forms of the IL-1 induced chondrocyte PLA2 are indistinguishable. Since this IL-1 induced enzyme has similar biochemical characteristics to PLA2 enzymes isolated from human rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial fluid, we suggest that the chondrocyte may be an important cellular source for this PLA2 enzymatic activity in inflamed joints.
LACTIC DEHYDROGENASES OF <i>PSEUDOMONAS NATRIEGENS</i> (1964)

Walker, Hazel (University of Georgia, Athens), and R. G. Eagon. Lactic dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas natriegens. J. Bacteriol. 88:25-30. 1964.-Lactic dehydrogenases specific for d- and l-lactate were demonstrated in Pseudomonas natriegens. The l-lactic dehydrogenase showed considerable heat stability, and 40% of the activity remained in extracts after heating at 60 C for 10 min. An essential thiol group for enzyme activity was noted. The results of these experiments were consistent with the view that lactate was dehydrogenated initially by a flavin cofactor and that electrons were transported through a complete terminal oxidase system to oxygen. The intracellular site of these lactic dehydrogenases was shown to be the cell membrane. It was suggested that the main physiological role of these lactic dehydrogenases is that of lactate utilization.
Degradation in AlGaInN lasers (2003)

Degradation experiments for AlGaInN-based laser diodes were conducted for the purpose of constructing a possible model of the degradation mechanism. Lasers in this experiment were aged under 30 mW continuous-wave operation at 60 °C, and the lifetime was defined as the time at which the operating current increased by 20%. The lifetime was found to be dependent on the dislocation density of the basal ELO-GaN layer, with the degradation rate being almost proportional to the square root of aging time. A model of degradation in which degradation is governed by a diffusion process is proposed based on these results. Although the model describes the experimental findings well, further investigation is considered necessary before the degradation mechanism in AlGaInN lasers can be fully understood. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orientation awareness in declarative user interface languages for mobile devices: A case study and evaluation (2010)

Tässä tutkielmassa lähdemme modernien älypuhelinten sovelluskehityksen maailmaan, jossa fokusoimme deklaratiivisiin metodeihin käyttöliittymäsuunnittelussa yhdistettynä orientaatiotietoisuuden ominaisuuteen. \n\nOhjelmistokehitystyökalut alkavat yhä enemmän käyttää deklaratiivisia kieliä erottaakseen ulkomuodon sisäisiltä toiminnoilta. Tällä edistetään sovelluksen käyttäjäelämyksen luomista ja sallitaan käyttöliittymän toiminnallisuudesta riippumaton kehitys. \n\nOrientaatiotietoisuus tarkoittaa, että yksikkö pystyy havaitsemaan, onko se suunnattu pystysuunnassa vai kääntynyt 90 astetta ja näin maksimoimaan vaakatason leveyden. Toiminto on luonnollinen seuraus siitä, että mobiililaitteen näytön tarjoama tila on vakavasti rajoittunut ja laite on helposti käännettävissä. \n\nKäyttötapaus on orientaatiotietoinen laskin, joka vaakatasossa saa lisää nappeja tieteellisille toiminnoille, samalla tavalla kuin Applen iPhone OS:iin perustuvien laitteiden standardityökaluista löytyvä laskin. Valittuja alustoja ovat Android Googlelta Eclipse-pohjaisella Android SDK-kehitysympäristöllään, iPhone Applelta XCode-kehitystyökalukokoelmallaan sekä Qt Quick Nokialta omalla integroidulla kehitysympäristöllään Qt Creator. \n\nTulemme näkemään miten alustoille on valittu hyvinkin erilaisia menettelytapoja. Kun Android ja iPhone perustavat omia deklaratiivisia käyttöliittymäkoodejaan XML:ään, on Qt Quick omalla QML-kielellään sen sijaan valinnut olla toteuttamatta XML-standardia ja käyttää skriptin kaltaista kieltä.
Expression of the N-myc oncogene in Wilms' tumour and related tissues. (1988)

Tissue samples and cell cultures from Wilms' tumour matched histologically normal kidney samples and EBV transformed B cells from the same patients, were analysed to detect changes in the structure and expression of the N-myc oncogene. The levels of expression of HLA class I and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase were also measured in the various RNA preparations. Related tissue samples, from sources including congenital mesoblastic nephroma, paediatric neuroblastoma and a number of foetal tissues were also tested. Northern blot analysis indicated that the levels of N-myc were higher in Wilms' tumour tissues (with no parallel increase in gene copy number) compared to all other sources of material including foetal kidney. Particularly high levels of expression were observed in a number of the Wilms' tumours, several of which produced metastases. In situ hybridization, using [35S]-labelled RNA probes, confirmed that the high levels of N-myc RNA were present in the blastemal elements in the Wilms' tumour. All the tissue cultures, and tissue samples from other sources, except foetal brain and neuroblastoma, contained uniformly low levels of N-myc RNA.
숭산 행원(崇山行願) 선사의 선사상 (2016)

이 논문에서 필자는 숭산 행원(崇山行願, 1927~2004) 선사의 선사상을 두 방면에서 분석하였다. 첫째는 역사적 방면인데, 이 방면에서 보자면 숭산 선사는 불교의 텍스트 속에 등장하는 선사상을 `점수선`으로 이름 붙이고, 텍스트를 초월하는 가르침을 전하려는 달마 선사 제자들의 선사상을 `돈오선`으로 이름 붙이고 있다. 물론 숭산 선사는 이 둘 사이의 우열을 논하지는 않았다. 그의 이런 태도는 조사선(祖師禪)을 여래선(如來禪) 보다 높이 평가하는 선사들과는 입장을 달리한다. 둘째는 사상적 방면인데, 이 방면에서 보자면 숭산 선사는 송나라 시대 이후 전개된 다양한 선사상의 근본적 차이를 인정하지 않고 있다. 그의 주장에 따르자면, 비록 스승과 제자들마다 서로 전승하는 방식에 외형적 차이는 있지만, 그 근본에는 차이가 없다고 한다. 이런 점에서 본다면, 그는 한국불교 전통으로 평가되는 `통합불교`의 전통을 계승하려고 노력한 선사라고 평가할 수 있다. 통합적 성격이 진한 한국불교의 전통 속에서는 `참되고 여여한 마음`을 전제하고, 그것을 체험할 것을 강조한다. 숭산 선사 역시 이런 전제 위에서, 화두(話頭)를 관찰하는 수행을 강조하고 있다. 숭산선사가 고유하게 사용하는 화두의 일종인 “오직 모를 뿐(Only don`t know)”도 궁극적으로는 `참된 여여한 마음`을 체험하게 하기 위한 일종의 화두 관찰 방법이라고 할 수 있다.
Tensor embedding methods (2006)

Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a strain able to degrade 3-chlorobenzoate and, after prolonged adaptation (40 days), 4-chlorophenol, could transfer the ability to degrade chlorocatechols to a recipient, Alcaligenes sp. strain A7, which is able to grow with benzoate and phenol. Representative transconjugants, such as Alcaligenes sp. strain A7-2, were able to utilize all three isomeric chlorophenols; this property was not possessed by the donor or the recipient. The ability to grow readily with 4-chlorophenol may be attributable to a more rapid induction of phenol hydroxylase by Alcaligenes sp. strain A7-2 than by Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a property which correlates with the greater level of resistance to chlorophenols shown by the transconjugant.
The Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Organotin Oxides and Related Substances (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Organotin Oxides and Related SubstancesWalter T. ReichleCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 3, 650–653Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50003a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50003a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hierarchical problem solving and the Bayesian optimization algorithm (2000)

The paper discusses three major issues. First, it discusses why it makes sense to approach problems in a hierarchical fashion. It defines the class of hierarchically decomposable functions that can be used to test the algorithms that approach problems in this fashion. Finally, the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) is extended in order to solve the proposed class of problems.
On Optimum Target Assignments (1959)

This note is concerned with two target assignment models. An optimum assignment is one which maximizes the expected value of targets destroyed. The first model, which admits an explicit solution, associates values only with the number of targets destroyed. An algorithm which enjoys a computational nicety is established when the values of the individual targets are assumed known. This latter model is a special case of Flood's target-assignment model.
Structure of the human VIPR2 gene for vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 (1999)

The VPAC(2) (vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)(2)) receptor is a seven-transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptor which responds similarly to VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in stimulating cAMP production. Recently, we reported the localisation of the human VPAC(2) receptor gene (VIPR2) to chromosome 7q36.3 (Mackay, M. et al. (1996) Genomics 37, 345-353). Here, we describe the characterisation of the VIPR2 gene structure and promoter region. The VIPR2 gene is encoded by 13 exons, the initiator codon of the 438 amino acid open reading frame is located in exon 1 and the termination signal and a poly-adenylation signal sequence are located in exon 13. The 5' untranslated region extends 187 bp upstream of the initiator codon and is extremely GC-rich (80%). The poly-adenylation signal is located 2416 bp downstream of the stop codon. Intron sizes range from 68 bp (intron 11) to 45 kb (intron 4) and the human gene spans 117 kb.
Ultrabroadband Quantum-Secured Communication (2015)

We propose a two-way secure-communication protocol in which Alice uses an amplified spontaneous emission source while Bob employs binary phase-shift keying and an optical amplifier. Against an eavesdropper who captures all the light lost in fibers linking Alice and Bob, this protocol is capable of 3.5 Gbps quantum-secured direct communication at 50 km range. If Alice augments her terminal with a spontaneous parametric downconverter and both Alice and Bob add channel monitors, they can realize 2 Gbps quantum key distribution at that range against an eavesdropper who injects her own light into Bob's terminal. Compared with prevailing quantum key distribution methods, this protocol has the potential to significantly increase secure key rates at long distances by employing many ultrabroadband photons per key bit to mitigate channel loss.
Sex Differences in Morbidity and Mortality (2004)

Women have worse self-rated health and more hospitalization episodes than men from early adolescence to late middle age, but are less likely to die at each age. We use 14 years of data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey to examine this paradox. Our results indicate that the difference in self-assessed health between women and men can be entirely explained by differences in the distribution of the chronic conditions they face. Although on average women have worse selfrated health than men, women and men with the same chronic conditions have the same self-rated health. The results for hospital episodes are somewhat different. While the effect of poor health on hospital episodes is the same for men and women, men with respiratory cancer, cardiovascular disease, and bronchitis are more likely to experience hospital episodes than women who suffer from the same chronic conditions, implying that men may experience more severe forms of these conditions. The same is true for mortality. Although the effects of many chronic conditions on the probability of death are the same for women and men, men who report having cardiovascular disease and certain lung disorders are significantly more likely to die than women with these conditions.
Biopterin Cofactor Biosynthesis: Independent Regulation of GTP Cyclohydrolase in Adrenal Medulla and Cortex (1981)

Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate-limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase.
Emerging Technologies (2014)

In August 2011 a parcel bomb was sent to two nanotechnology researchers working in a university lab in Mexico City. A group named ‘Individualidades tendiendo a lo salvaje’, translated as Individuals towards the Savage or Wild (ITS), claimed responsibility publishing a 5,500 word attack on nanotechnology online. The bomb failed to detonate properly so fortunately there were no fatalities; however, one researcher was left with a piece of shrapnel pierced into his lung, and the other suffered burns to his legs and a burst ear drum. Had the bomb gone off as intended it contained enough explosives to collapse half the building. This was not an isolated incident. Earlier that year the group claimed responsibility for a bomb attack at a university in Mexico and it has been linked to attacks in France, Spain and Chile. And in 2010 another group, Olga Cell of the Informal Anarchist Federation International Revolutionary Front, attempted to bomb IBM’s nano lab in Switzerland and claimed responsibility for the non-fatal shooting of the head of a nuclear engineering company in Genoa, Italy (Phillips, 2012). Further threats against Mexican scientists working on bio and nanotechnology were issued in 2013. In its manifesto the group claimed: ‘they must pay for what they are doing to the Earth’ (Beckhusen, 2013).