gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Heterogeneous Field Matching Method for Record Linkage (2006)

Record linkage is the process of determining that two records refer to the same entity. A key subprocess is evaluating how well the individual fields, or attributes, of the records match each other. One approach to matching fields is to use hand-written domain-specific rules. This "expert systems" approach may result in good performance for specific applications, but it is not scalable. This paper describes a new machine learning approach that creates expert-like rules for field matching. In our approach, the relationship between two field values is described by a set of heterogeneous transformations. Previous machine learning methods used simple models to evaluate the distance between two fields. However, our approach enables more sophisticated relationships to be modeled, which better capture the complex domain specific, common-sense phenomena that humans use to judge similarity. We compare our approach to methods that rely on simpler homogeneous models in several domains. By modeling more complex relationships we produce more accurate results.
Resistive magnet technology for hybrid inserts (2004)

The world's highest-field dc magnets have, for roughly the past thirty years, consisted of resistive-superconducting hybrid magnets. These magnets use superconducting technology for the outer coils, where the magnetic field is moderate, and resistive-magnet technology for the inner coils, where the field is highest. In such a configuration, higher fields are attained than is possible with purely superconducting magnet technology, and lower lifetime (capital and operating) costs are attained than with a purely resistive magnet. The resistive coils of these magnets represent the pinnacle of high-field resistive-magnet technology and have been the focus of much of the resistive magnet technology development over the past thirty years. The evolution of high-field resistive magnet technology is presented, focusing on the development of hybrid inserts.
Membrane-substrate interface: Phospholipid bilayers at chemically and topographically structured surfaces (2008)

The surface-assisted fusion, rupture, and spreading of vesicles and hydration-induced spreading of lipids onto chemically and topographically structured surfaces gives rise to lipid structures useful for modeling many physical-chemical properties of lipid bilayers. Chemically structured surfaces produce a lipid structure revealing template-induced assembly of coexisting lipid phases, which reflect the underlying pattern of surface energy, wettability, and chemistry. In a construct derived using photochemically patterned molecular monolayers, the author found a spontaneous separation of fluid bilayer regions from the fluid monolayer regions by a controllable transition region or moat. The coexisting bilayer/monolayer morphologies derived from single vesicular sources are particularly attractive for the study of a range of leaflet-dependent biophysical phenomena and offer a new self-assembly strategy for synthesizing large-scale arrays of functional bilayer specific substructures including ion-channels and membrane-proteins. The uses of topologically patterned surfaces similarly provide new models to design complex three-dimensional membrane topographies and curvatures. These platforms promise fundamental biophysical studies of curvature-dependent membrane processes as well as useful bioanalytical devices for molecular separations within fluid amphiphilic membrane environments. Some future directions enabled by lipid self-assembly at structured surfaces are also discussed.
Expeditious and Practical Synthesis of Lycopene (2008)

Abstract Our lycopene synthesis highlights the expeditious assembly of the carbon skeleton by the use of a readily available ten‐carbon unit, geraniol, rather than the original natural five‐carbon building block, isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Furthermore, four oxidation steps by the enzyme desaturases to produce the conjugated carbon‐carbon double bonds of lycopene are merged into one‐pot double elimination reactions in our synthesis. These accomplished the highly efficient synthesis of all‐( E )‐lycopene from geraniol through a seven‐step sequence in 51% overall yield.
PcaK, a high-affinity permease for the aromatic compounds 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate from Pseudomonas putida (1997)

PcaK is a transporter and chemoreceptor protein from Pseudomonas putida that is encoded as part of the beta-ketoadipate pathway regulon for aromatic acid degradation. When expressed in Escherichia coli, PcaK was localized to the membrane and catalyzed the accumulation of two aromatic substrates, 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate, against a concentration gradient. Benzoate inhibited 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake but was not a substrate for PcaK-catalyzed transport. A P. putida pcaK mutant was defective in its ability to accumulate micromolar amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate. The mutant was also impaired in growth on millimolar concentrations of these aromatic acids. In contrast, the pcaK mutant grew at wild-type rates on benzoate. The Vmax for uptake of 4-hydroxybenzoate was at least 25 nmol/min/mg of protein, and the Km was 6 microM. PcaK-mediated transport is energized by the proton motive force. These results show that although aromatic acids in the undissociated (uncharged) form can diffuse across bacterial membranes, high-specificity active transport systems probably also contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on the micromolar concentrations of these compounds that are typically present in soil. A variety of aromatic molecules, including naturally occurring lignin derivatives and xenobiotics, are metabolized by bacteria and may be substrates for transport proteins. The characterization of PcaK provides a foundation for understanding active transport as a critical step in the metabolism of aromatic carbon sources.
Parental MHC molecule haplotype expression in (SJL/J x SWR)F1 mice with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced with two different synthetic peptides of myelin proteolipid protein (1991)

To determine if the Ag that induces an autoimmune disease influences parental MHC haplotype molecule expression in situ in MHC heterozygotes, acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced with different encephalitogenic peptides in (SJL/J x SWR)F1 mice. The mice were sensitized with either a synthetic peptide corresponding to mouse myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) residues 103-116 YKTTICGKGLSATV which induces EAE in SWR (H-2q), but not SJL/J (H-2s) mice or a synthetic peptide corresponding to PLP residues 139-151 HCLGKWLGHPDKF which is encephalitogenic in SJL/J but not SWR mice. Mice were killed when they were moribund or at 30 days after sensitization. Twelve of 18 F1 mice given PLP peptide 103-116 and 12 of 17 mice given PLP peptide 139-151 developed EAE within 2 to 3 wk after sensitization. Cryostat sections of brain samples from F1 and parental mice were immunostained with a panel of mAb identifying H-2s and H-2q class I and II MHC molecules. In brains of controls, class I MHC molecules were expressed on choroid plexus, endothelial cells, and microglia whereas class II MHC molecules were absent. In EAE lesions, class I and II MHC molecules were present on inflammatory and parenchymal cells, but the degree of parental haplotype molecule expression did not vary with the different peptide Ag tested. Thus, in (SJL/J x SWR)F1 mice, myelin PLP peptides 103-116 and 139-151 are co-dominant Ag with respect to clinical and histologic disease and parental haplotype MHC molecule expression. We propose a unifying hypothesis consistent with these results and previous observations of differential Ia expression in (responder x non-responder)F1 guinea pigs. We suggest that MHC molecules may bind locally derived peptide Ag in inflammatory sites and that these interactions influence levels of MHC haplotype molecules on APC.
Improved Depth Perception of Single-view Images (2019)

In many situations, we perceive 3-D depth feeling from 2-D images. Among various depth cues, monocular depth cues make us perceive depth from single-view images. In this paper, we propose several methods to enhance monocular depth cues and improve depth perception of single-view images. The proposed methods deal with four depth cues: linear perspective, aerial perspective, focus, and shadow effects. Once we have a 2-D colour image and its corresponding depth information, we can modify its depth cues and enhance 3-D depth perception in the 2-D image. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can enhance depth perception of single-view images without any considerable visual distortions.
Quantitative proteomics employing primary amine affinity tags. (2003)

A proteomics-based method using stable isotope labeling to assess the relative abundance of peptides or proteins is described. Bradykinin and carbonic anhydrase were labeled with sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(biotinamido) ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate, a membrane impermeant reagent that is reactive with primary amines. Specificity of the label to primary amines was demonstrated using tandem mass spectrometry. Also, relative quantitation was achieved by secondary labeling with natural isotopic abundance and stable isotope-labeled methyl iodide. We believe this to be an effective stable isotope-labeling method for quantitative proteomics.
Anxiolytic-like effect of nafadotride and PNU 99194A, dopamine D3 receptor antagonists in animal models. (2001)

The obtained results indicate that dopamine D3 receptor antagonists, nafadotride and PNU 99194A, produced anxiolytic-like effect in animal models, which suggests a putative role of these drugs in the therapy of anxiety.
Combining metabolic engineering and process optimization to improve production and secretion of fatty acids (2016)

Microbial oils are sustainable alternatives to petroleum for the production of chemicals and fuels. Oleaginous yeasts are promising source of oils and Yarrowia lipolytica is the most studied and engineered one. Nonetheless the commercial production of biolipids is so far limited to high value products due to the elevated production and extraction costs. In order to contribute to overcoming these limitations we exploited the possibility of secreting lipids to the culture broth, uncoupling production and biomass formation and facilitating the extraction. We therefore considered two synthetic approaches, Strategy I where fatty acids are produced by enhancing the flux through neutral lipid formation, as typically occurs in eukaryotic systems and Strategy II where the bacterial system to produce free fatty acids is mimicked. The engineered strains, in a coupled fermentation and extraction process using alkanes, secreted the highest titer of lipids described so far, with a content of 120% of DCW.
Influence of Alkyl Substituents on the Solution- and Surface-Organization of Hexa-<i>p</i><i>eri</i>-hexabenzocoronenes (2005)

Three hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) with branched, bulky alkyl substituents of different lengths in the periphery of the aromatic core have been synthesized to tune the self-association properties in solution. 1H NMR and photophysical measurements were used to probe the solution organization in comparison to the known hexa-dodecyl-substituted HBC in different solvent systems. Thermodynamic parameters for the self-association in solution, obtained by curve fitting of the concentration- and temperature-dependent NMR data using van't Hoff analysis, indicated that the self-association is an enthalpically driven process that is entropically disfavored. Photoluminescence and NMR results were both employed to determine the critical concentration where no self-association for different compounds occurred. The interactions between the molecules could be controlled by varying the nonsolvent content in the solvent mixtures, supporting the model of solvophobic effects. The spatial demand of the solubilizing side chains modulated the self-association in solution. This behavior was translated into the solution casting process, where the kinetic in addition to the thermodynamic parameters played an essential role for structure formation. The study illuminates the relationship between the solution association of HBCs and the morphology, when processed on a surface. These results are essential for the application of these materials in devices.
Regulation of proliferation and production of prostate-specific antigen in androgen-sensitive prostatic cancer cells, LNCaP, by dihydrotestosterone (1995)

LNCaP is an androgen-sensitive human prostatic cancer cell line. The effect of androgen on these cells is characterized by a bell-shaped growth response and a dose-dependent induction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production. The present study was carried out to gain further insight into the effect of androgen on LNCaP. Cells were cultured in phenol red-free RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum, with concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ranging from 0-10(-7) M, in a 4-day culture system. A bell-shaped growth response was reproduced with a peak level of cell count at 10(-10) M DHT. PSA secretion from these cells did not increase significantly until the DHT level in the medium reached 10(-9) M. A progressive increase in PSA secretion was observed at higher DHT concentrations accompanied with a progressive decline in cellular proliferation. The results of immunocytochemical analysis of PSA localization indicated that the proportion of cells with positive staining for PSA also increased with increasing concentrations of DHT. Analysis of androgen receptors, as determined by both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis, showed a decline in nuclear androgen receptor at low concentrations of DHT and an increase in the amount of receptor protein at high concentrations. These results indicated that the androgen-induced bell-shaped growth response in LNCaP cells represented the manifestation of two different cellular events in dose-related manner: cellular proliferation at low DHT concentrations and increased production of PSA at high DHT concentrations.
Preparation from Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis B-3157 of 2H-Labeled Purine Ribonucleoside Inosine (2015)

This paper deals with studying biosynthetic pathways of 2 H-labeled purine ribonucleoside inosine excreted into liquid microbial culture (LC) by Gram-positive chemoheterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157 while growing of this bacterium on heavy water (HW) medium with 2% (v/v) hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2 H-labeled growth substrates. Isolation of 2 H-labeled inosine from LC was performed by adsorption/desorption on activated carbon with following extraction by 0.3 M ammonium–formate buffer (pH = 8.9), crystallization in 80% (v/v) EtOH, and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) on a column with AG50WX 4 cation exchange resin equilibrated with 0.3 M ammonium–formate buffer and 0.045 M NH 4 Cl. The investigation of deuterium incorporation into the inosine molecule by FAB method demonstrated incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms into the molecule (the total level of deuterium enrichment – 65.5 atom% 2 H) with 3 deuterium atoms being included into the ribose and 2 deuterium atoms – into the hypoxanthine residue of the molecule. Three non-exchangeable deuterium atoms were incorporated into the ribose residue owing to the preservation in this bacterium the minor pathways of de novo glucose biosynthesis in 2 H 2 O-medium. These non-exchangeable deuterium atoms in the ribose residue were originated from HMP shunt reactions, while two other deuterium atoms at C2,C8-positions in the hypoxanthine residue were synthesized from [ 2 H]amino acids, primarily glutamine and glycine, that originated from deuterated hydrolysate. A glycoside proton at b-N 9 -glycosidic bond could be replaced with deuterium via the reaction of ?? 2 elimination at the stage of ribulose-5-monophosphate formation from 3-keto-6-phosphogluconic acid with subsequent proton (deuteron) attachment at the ?1-position of ribulose-5-monophosphate. Two other protons at C2(C3) and C4 positions in ribose residue could be replaced with deuterium via further enzimatic isomerization of ribulose-5-monophosphate into ribose-5-monophosphate. Key words : 2 H-labeled inosine, biosynthesis, biosynthetic pathways, heavy water, Bacillus subtilis
Disintegrants in Solid Dosage Forms (1990)

The dynamic approach to tablet disintegration, which is based on the measurement of the force that develops inside the compact upon water entrance, is basically taken up.The combined measurements of force development and water uptake, simultaneously effected on the same compact, provide a novel parameter that is proposed to quantify and compare the efficiency of disintegrants.The new parameter, which is based on the “force-equivalent” concept, expresses the capability of a disintegrant of transforming water uptaken into swelling (or disintegrating) force. A few examples, that illustrate the usefulness of this parameter for disintegrant characterization, are given.In parallel to the quantification of swelling (or disintegrating) efficiency inside compacts, attention is also being paid to the characterization of swelling disintegrants as pure materials.In particular the case of the so-called limited swelling materials, for which the quantification of intrinsic swelling (particle volume increase in swelling media) is critical, is considered.The applicability of an instrumental method, which is based on the employment of a Coulter Counter, is discussed alternatively to microscopic methods.Disintegrant characterization may also be considered in view of new possible exploitations of the swelling properties of polymers in controlling drug release.
Genetic removal of basal nitric oxide enhances contractile activity in isolated murine collecting lymphatic vessels (2013)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating lymphatic contractile function and, consequently, lymph flow has been the subject of intense study. Despite this, the precise effects of NO on lymphatic contractile activity remain unclear. Recent hypotheses posit that basal levels of endogenous NO increase lymphatic contraction strength as a consequence of lowering frequency (i.e. positive lusitropy), whereas higher agonist-evoked concentrations of NO exert purely inhibitory effects on contractile function. We tested both hypotheses directly by isolating and cannulating collecting lymphatic vessels from genetically modified mice for ex vivo study. The effects of basal NO and agonist-evoked NO were evaluated, respectively, by exposing wild-type (WT), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)(-/-) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS)(-/-) lymphatic vessels to controlled pressure steps followed by ACh doses. To compare with pharmacological inhibition of eNOS, we repeated both tests in the presence of l-NAME. Surprisingly, genetic removal of basal NO enhanced contraction amplitude significantly without increasing contraction frequency. Higher levels of NO production stimulated by ACh evoked dilation, decreased tone, slowed contraction frequency and reduced fractional pump flow. We conclude that basal NO specifically depresses contraction amplitude, and that greater NO production then inhibits all other aspects of contractile function. Further, this work demonstrates definitively that mouse collecting lymphatic vessels exhibit autonomous, large-amplitude contractions that respond to pressure similarly to collecting lymphatics of other mammalian species. At least in the peripheral lymphatic vasculature, NO production depresses contractile function, which influences lymph flow needed for fluid regulation, humoral immunity and cancer metastasis.
Highly thermally stable electro-optic response in poled guest-host polyimide systems cured at 360 °C (1991)

In a major development of the new poling process for electro-optic polyimide guest-host systems [Wu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 225 (1991)], a thermally stable EO response at 200 °C for 80 h is demonstrated for poled polyimide films cured at 250 °C for 1 h plus an additional curing at 360 °C for 0.5 h. Thermal stability at 300 °C for 2 h is demonstrated for the same system cured at 360 °C for 0.25 h plus an additional curing at 300 °C for 0.33 h. High-temperature densification curing (360 °C) is found to be essential in realizing a thermally stable EO response of poled guest-host polyimides at high temperatures.
Position of the Aromatic Methoxyl in Alkaloids Related to Powelline<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPosition of the Aromatic Methoxyl in Alkaloids Related to Powelline1H. A. LLOYD, E. A. KIELAR, R. J. HIGHET, S. UYEO, H. M. FALES, and W. C. WILDMANCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2, 373–377Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01049a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01049a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Human Pose Estimation on a Configurable Bed from a Pressure Image (2018)

Robots have the potential to assist people in bed, such as in healthcare settings, yet bedding materials like sheets and blankets can make observation of the human body difficult for robots. A pressure-sensing mat on a bed can provide pressure images that are relatively insensitive to bedding materials. However, prior work on estimating human pose from pressure images has been restricted to 2D pose estimates and flat beds. In this work, we present two convolutional neural networks to estimate the 3D joint positions of a person in a configurable bed from a single pressure image. The first network directly outputs 3D joint positions, while the second outputs a kinematic model that includes estimated joint angles and limb lengths. We evaluated our networks on data from 17 human participants with two bed configurations: supine and seated. Our networks achieved a mean joint position error of 77 mm when tested with data from people outside the training set, outperforming several baselines. We also present a simple mechanical model that provides insight into ambiguity associated with limbs raised off of the pressure mat, and demonstrate that Monte Carlo dropout can be used to estimate pose confidence in these situations. Finally, we provide a demonstration in which a mobile manipulator uses our network's estimated kinematic model to reach a location on a person's body in spite of the person being seated in a bed and covered by a blanket.