gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the Size and Temperature Dependence of Exciton Lifetimes in Colloidal ZnSe Quantum Dots (2014)

We report on the temperature dependence of the band-edge photoluminescence decay of organically capped colloidal ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) in the size range from 4.0 to 7.5 nm. A similar trend is observed for all investigated sizes: the decay time is short (∼5 ns) above 20 K and increases sharply below 20 K, eventually reaching a constant value (270–400 ns) at sufficiently low temperatures (<4 K). The temperature regime in which the decrease of lifetime occurs depends on the QD size and is lower for larger QDs. This behavior can be modeled by a Boltzmann distribution between a lower long-lived and a higher short-lived exciton states, with an energy separation ranging from 3.3 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.1 meV in the 4.0 ± 0.3 to 7.5 ± 0.5 nm size range. We show that this energy separation is consistent with coupling of the lowest exciton state to a confined acoustic phonon.
Is Cloud Computing Really Ready for Prime Time? (2009)

Even though the technology faces several significant challenges, many vendors and industry observers predict a bright future for cloud computing.
Preeclampsia 2012 (2012)

Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. There is extensive evidence that the reduction of uteroplacental blood flow in this syndrome results from the toxic combination of hypoxia, imbalance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, inflammation, and deranged immunity. Women treated for preeclampsia also have an increased risk for cardiovascular and renal disease. At present it is unclear if the increased cardiovascular and renal disease risks are due to residual and or progressive effects of endothelial damage from the preeclampsia or from shared risk factors between preeclampsia and cardiac disease. Moreover, it appears that endothelin-1 signaling may play a central role in the hypertension associated with preeclampsia. In this paper, we discuss emerging data on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and review therapeutic options.
Real Time Conformational Changes in the Retinal Phosphodiesterase γ Subunit Monitored by Resonance Energy Transfer (1997)

The gamma subunit of the retinal cGMP phosphodiesterase (gammaPDE) acts as an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) catalytic activity and mediates enzyme regulation by the alpha subunit of the GTP-binding protein transducin (alphaT). In order to characterize conformational changes in the 87-amino acid gammaPDE subunit that may accompany the activation of the holoenzyme, gammaPDE was labeled with the fluorescent probes 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein and eosin-5-isothiocyanate for use in resonance energy transfer measurements. 5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein specifically labeled a cysteine residue at position 68 and served as a resonance energy transfer donor. The site of modification of eosin-5-isothiocyanate, which served as the resonance energy transfer acceptor, was determined to be within the first seven residues of the amino terminus of gammaPDE. Energy transfer between the labeled sites on free, unbound gammaPDE indicated that they were separated by a distance of 63 A, consistent with a random conformation. Upon binding the catalytic alphabeta subunits of the PDE, the distance between the two probes on gammaPDE increased to 77 A. Binding of the labeled gammaPDE by alphaT.guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate did not affect the distance between the probes under conditions where the PDE was activated. These data are consistent with the view that the binding of activated alphaT to gammaPDE, which is essential for the stimulation of PDE activity, does not impart significant alterations in the tertiary structure of the gammaPDE molecule. They also support a model for PDE activation that places active alphaT in a complex with the holoenzyme.
A Plea for Clinical Relevance in Medical Microbiology (1974)

Laboratory costs have increased 229% over a recent five-year period. Public reaction to rising health care costs is resulting in legislative measures to constrain increases in hospital and clinical laboratory budgets. Under these conditions, continued annual increases in the volume of clinical microbiology will require higher productivity, or deterioration in quality will occur. Lack of automation in this area will place more emphasis on control of utilization. Performance evaluation programs and academicians often have construed that microbiologic examination of specimens be as complete as technology will allow. Not only is this costly, but it often results in reporting of clinically irrelevant and misleading information. Recommendations for criteria which will reduce unnecessary microbiologic effort in the evaluation of specimens received from throat, lower respiratory tract, urine, wounds, vagina and cervix, and anaerobic infections are presented.
Extraction of DFB laser rate equation parameters for system simulation purposes (1997)

Values for the parameters in a rate equation description of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser must be chosen appropriately in order to obtain agreement between calculated and measured results for system performance. A technique is described for readily extracting values of the rate equation parameters using measurements of the threshold current and the optical power, resonance frequency and damping factor for a bias current well above the threshold current. When used to estimate system performance, it is shown that different sets of physically reasonable parameter values which reproduce the measurements yield the same dependence of the receiver sensitivity on fiber length. Calculated and measured results for the receiver sensitivity and time resolved chirp exhibit good agreement when the extracted parameter values are used.
A 1/2.5 inch VGA 400 fps CMOS Image Sensor With High Sensitivity for Machine Vision (2014)

Machine vision requires CMOS image sensors (CISs) with high frame rate, short exposure time, and fine spatial resolution. Recently, capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) is used in the high-speed pixel circuit to achieve high sensitivity by expediting the charge transfer from the photodiode to a tiny integration capacitor ( C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">INT</sub> ). Existing CTIA pixel designs have large pixel sizes due to the multiple sampling capacitors and switches for global shutter and CDS, which unfavorably limits the spatial resolution. In this paper, we present a 400 fps CIS design with 640 × 480 pixel array for machine vision. With simplified pixel circuits, the new sensor has a CTIA pixel size of 8.7 × 8.22 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is the smallest in the category. The pixel implements a new multi-layer MOM capacitor with good uniformity as the tiny C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">INT</sub> , which achieves high sensitivity (36.5 V/lux·s) without calibration. Pixel-wise CDS is implemented in this global-shutter CIS to minimize the pixel noise. The pixel signals are quantized by 640 column processing slices with 12 bit resolution at 411 kS/s. The size of the column SAR ADC is minimized with a simple calibration technique. The CIS is fabricated in a 0.18 μm mixed-signal CMOS process. The temporal noise is 15.6 e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> . With the new MOM capacitor, FPN of the CIS is 0.55% without calibration. The new pixel design achieves the highest sensitivity per unit area.
<title>Large-field high-resolution photolithography</title> (1997)

Holographic lithography's unique capacity for high- resolution and large-area pattern transfer offers significant advantages for fabricating a range of optical microsystems. Two industrialized models of lithographic system have been constructed. The first has an imaging resolution of 0.25 micrometers over an exposure field of 6' X 6' and can print onto a variety of substrate types of dimensions up to 6' X 6'. It includes an alignment system permitting a pattern-to-pattern overlay accuracy of 0.3 micrometers (3(sigma) value). The second model combines an imaging resolution of 0.25 micrometers with an exposure field of 10' X 12' and prints onto substrates up to 470 mm X 370 mm. This system has a substrate stepping capability allowing a pattern to be replicated many times onto the substrate, and an alignment system providing 0.5 micrometers overlay accuracy. Both models operate at an exposure wavelength of 364 nm, making them compatible with standard i-line photoresist processing. The technology has been successfully employed for printing grating structures with periods down to 0.5 micrometers for such applications as high-resolution encoders and optical interconnects.
The Structure of Singularities in Soap-Bubble-Like and Soap-Film-Like Minimal Surfaces (1976)

In this paper we provide a complete classification of the local structure of singularities in a wide class of two-dimensional surfaces in R3 collected under the adjective (M, i, a) minimal by Almgren [A3] (see I(8)). The results, Theorems II. 4, IV. 5, IV. 8, are that the singular set of an (M, i, a) minimal set consists of H6lder continuously differentiable curves along which three sheets of the surface meet (Holder continuously) at equal (120?) angles, together with isolated points at which four such curves meet bringing together six sheets of the surface (H6lder continuously) at equal anglesin fact, in a neighborhood of each singular point, the surface is H6lder continuously diffeomorphic to either the surface Y of Figure 1 or the surface T of Figure 2 (both of which are defined in I(11)). The results apply to (idealizations of) many actual surfaces which are governed by surface tension, such as soap films as in Figure 4 and compound soap bubbles as in Figure 3 (and therefore to aggregates of some kinds of biological and metallurgical cells) (Corollary IV. 9 (i), (ii)), and thus are a proof of a result deduced experimentally by Plateau over 100 years ago [P]. They also apply to surfaces which minimize integrals which equal the area integral times some Holder continuous function on R3. A necessary first step in classifying singularities is to determine all possible area minimizing cones (Proposition II. 3). (In 1864 Lamarle claimed to make such a determination but his analysis of the technically most difficult case Figure 12 (p. 503)-was wrong.) Also included is a proof that the surface T of Figure 2 is in fact area minimizing (Theorem IV. 6); it seems to require the full force of Theorem IV.5 and I have never seen it proved elsewhere. The methods of this paper are
Beyond the "Atlantic World": Early American History as Viewed from the West (2011)

When the U.S. Army arrested Plains Indians deemed “hostile” during the mid-nineteenth century U.S. invasion of native lands, many of them were incarcerated at Fort Marion, in St. Augustine, Florida. At the sight of the Atlantic Ocean, the prisoners of war were filled with terror rather than awe. According to the beliefs of Plains Indians sent to Ft. Marion, a person crossed a large body of water when entering the afterlife; they thus viewed the Atlantic Ocean as a sign that their lives had reached an end. And, indeed, in many ways they had. Disease, dispossession, impoverishment, and death followed the United States’ attempts to destroy the life-ways of the indigenous people of North America. A Cheyenne named Sweet Medicine had long before prophesied about the “white-skinned strangers they would meet at the Big River from where the sun comes up, who would be aggressive, materialistic, greedy, and deceitful, stopping...
Photoinduced bending of a coumarin-containing supramolecular polymer (2008)

An amorphous polymer bearing a number of H-bonded coumarin groups can display large bending towards incident UV light. Imbalanced surface stresses generated by the photocrosslinking of polymer chains occurring on the side of the film receiving the UV light are believed to cause the photoinduced deformation.
2-Deoxy-2-fluoroglucosides: a novel class of mechanism-based glucosidase inhibitors (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Deoxy-2-fluoroglucosides: a novel class of mechanism-based glucosidase inhibitorsStephen G. Withers, Ian P. Street, Paul Bird, and David H. DolphinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7530–7531Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00258a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of the variant glycoproteins and surface coat of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1984)

The pathogenic African trypanosomes have a unique mechanism for antigenic variation. Each cell is covered by a surface coat consisting of about seven million essentially identical glycoprotein molecules drawn from a large repertoire of variants, each encoded by an individual gene. Amino acid sequence variation extends throughout the molecule but reduces from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus, where certain features, especially the grouping of cysteine residues, are quite conserved. The range of diversity within the thousand or so variant glycoprotein genes that exist in each cell is large. New variants may arise instantaneously by segmental gene conversion. Variant surface glycoproteins are synthesized with amino terminal signal sequences and hydrophobic carboxy terminal tails. The tails are extraordinarily conserved. After synthesis, they are replaced by a complex glycolipid structure in which myristic (dodecanoic) acid serves to anchor the polypeptide to the surface membrane. Enzymic cleavage of myristic acid releases variant glycoproteins from the surface coat.
Impurity modes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal: coupling efficiency and Q factor (2000)

A finite two-dimensional photonic crystal with a triangular lattice of air columns in a dielectric background is designed with a waveguide and a resonant cavity. By a time-domain solution of Maxwell’s equations we observe the existence of impurity modes inside the photonic bandgap. An electromagnetic wave launched through the waveguide, with an appropriate frequency, can enhance the field inside the cavity and yield a peak in the transmission. Considering a manufactured structure, in which the columns are not perfectly equal, we repeat our calculations and analyze how the impurity modes are modified. For both cases, periodic and real, we measure the quality factor of the cavity.
Intramolecular insertion of arylsulfonylnitrenes into aliphatic side chains (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular insertion of arylsulfonylnitrenes into aliphatic side chainsRudolph A. Abramovitch, Therinadar Chellathurai, William D. Holcomb, Ian T. McMaster, and Danny P. VanderpoolCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 17, 2920–2926Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00437a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00437a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Ventilatory Failure with Bipolar and Four‐Pole Electrode Systems (1990)

A multi-channel phrenic nerve stimulator developed in Tampere has been implanted into seven patients with C2-tetraplegia and into three patients with central sleep apneas. Six bipolar cuff electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the neck. Two four-pole cuff and 14 four-pole noncuff electrodes were used in seven patients and to replace one bipolar electrode. Four-pole electrodes were implanted within the thorax. Seven patients achieved total independence from conventional ventilators within 4 months of implantation, and one for 18 hours each day. Two patients died 12 days and 3 months after implantation and two patients after having achieved independence from mechanical ventilators from causes unrelated to the stimulators. Reoperations were necessary because of dislocation of receivers, electrodes, electrode lesions, nerve injuries, and technical failures in seven patients. Most of the problems appeared in two patients with obesity and in three patients with very thin phrenic nerves. Single unit prototypes failed technically more frequently than units of prototype serial fabrication. New electrode design, progress in the manufacture of receivers, and improved implantation technique should help to diminish failures in future.
Standardization of Computed Tomography Images by Means of a Material-Selective Beam Hardening Correction (1978)

Polychromaticity of the X-rays used in computed tomography (CT) has made it difficult to establish an absolute scale for CT values and has made quantitative comparisons between patients unreliable. The spectral shift of the X-rays depends on the material distribution within the structure measured and is significant if substantial amounts of bone, fat, or injected contrast material are present. A material-selective beam hardening correction procedure has been developed that allows the reconstruction of good approximations of linear attenuation coefficients with respect to a reference energy. With the aid of mathematical simulations and measurements on a physical phantom, the feasibility of the procedure and its insensitivity with regard to energy settings and other machine parameters are documented.
Bioptic Strategy in Breast Cancer (1988)

The bioptic strategy in breast cancer rests on the following basic conditions at the Department of Surgery K, Odense University Hospital: Firstly, clinical mammography precedes any bioptic procedure. Secondly, the bioptic procedure must secure representative tissue for histological examination. Thirdly, knife-biopsy should preferably be excisional. Finally, tissue examination is exclusively done by the pathologist and always on unfixed tissue. The application and outcome of the employed biopsy methods are illustrated by a series of 365 women with operable, primary invasive breast cancer, treated from 1982 to 1987. Definitive surgery was mainly based on excisional (62%) or needle biopsy (24%). Three-fourths of the patients were treated by the one-stage procedure. However, within the last year of the period the rate of needle biopsy and two-stage procedures was doubled, increasingly employing core-aspirating needle biopsy synchronously with mammography and done by the radiologist. So far, patient compliance and histological outcome is satisfactory.
All-IP convergent communications over open service architecture (2006)

The application of IP (Internet Protocol) technology in the information and communications industry is a major global trend. A highly efficient service architecture, enabling technologies and advanced applications are critical to rapid multimedia services in an all-IP network environment. In this study, an all-IP service platform based on open service architecture (OSA) was developed to support a set of standard interfaces and applications. The all-IP network environment was integrated using a network-processor-based IPv4/IPv6 translator and a mobile router (MR) supporting IP network mobility. The feasibility of the open service platform for all-IP network environments and of the designed application programming interfaces was investigated using three applications, e-commerce, video-on-demand and on-line gaming. The performance analysis demonstrates that when the number of users was increased from 1 to 80, the system throughput increased from 10.5 Mbps to 60.5 Mbps; the average response time increased from approximately 1 ms to 10.5 ms, and the delay time increased from 0.1 ms to 1 ms.
Integrating wireless sensors into cloud systems for ambient assisted living (2017)

Our proposal - referring to integrating wireless sensors into cloud systems for ambient assisted living - belongs to the “NOAH” (NOt Alone at Home) E.U. project, which addresses the theme of supporting independent life of older adults living alone, by empowering them in daily life activity self-management, by providing them with a more effective connection to their supporting networks (relatives, friends, caregivers) and by augmenting their safety and perception thereof. That is, even when not requiring constant care, chances of ageing at home are often jeopardized by the fear of being in need of help while unattended or of not being able to deal with daily living disparate tasks. The platform is in course to be implemented as a solution for mobile computing in a cloud computing environment. At the core of the cloud-based service, a data analysis module (Behavioral Analysis Module) explores the user data space for meaningful behavioral patterns. The three pilots designed involve 60 users, in three countries; each user will be equipped with the home kit of sensors and will be paired to (at least) one caregiving person in his personal supporting network. Two macro-types of sensors are involved: environmental and personal/wearable.