gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mars B Development - Well Challenges & Solutions - An Evolution of Traditional Well, Rig and Facility Design (2014)

The Mars-B project is Shell's sixth GOM TLP development and demonstrates Shell's commitment to GOM. The Mars-B project is aiming to unlock resources over the next 50 years through the deployment of a new 24 slot TLP structure (Olympus TLP) and additional subsea infrastructure for the West Boreas/South Deimos fields. The Olympus DVA rig is a novel platform drilling rig designed specifically to meet the execution requirements of complex Olympus DVA well designs. The well design and associated equipment must accommodate the 50 year design life, the longest design life of a TLP in Shell's history. This is the first development to incorporate post-Katrina environmental design loads and new regulatory design requirements. Project challenges include numerous technical challenges pertaining to well designs for 24 DVA wells targeting over 50 horizons spanning 10, 500 ft TVD to approximately 25, 000 ft TVD encompassing both highly depleted brown field and deeper virgin pressure formations. The Olympus DVA well trajectories range from near vertical to high angle extended reach both through sediments and through salt penetrations. Rig and surface facilities must be designed to address multiple challenges present to ensure well and facility integrity, reservoir isolation and desired well construction objectives are met. This requires successful development and deployment of novel technologies and world class systems. The design requirements have resulted in an evolution of traditional well designs which in turn drives novel rig and surface facilities requirements. A high level overview of the design challenges and the resulting surface equipment requirements will be discussed. This includes rig equipment requirements to meet the specified execution directives, the development of an innovative drilling riser concept, added systems optimization to increase safety and overall execution efficiency.
Phase matching using Bragg reflection waveguides for monolithic nonlinear optics applications (2006)

A novel design to achieve phase matching between modes of a vertical distributed Bragg reflector waveguide and those of a conventional total internal reflection waveguide is reported for the first time. The device design and structure lend themselves to monolithic integration with active devices using well developed photonic fabrication technologies. Due to the lack of any modulation of the optical properties in the direction of propagation, the device promises very low insertion loss. This property together with the large overlap integral between the interacting fields dramatically enhances the conversion efficiency. The phase matching bandwidth, tunability and dimensions of these structures make them excellent contenders to harness optical nonlinearities in compact, low insertion loss monolithically integrable devices.
Design and Syntheses of Highly Emissive Aminobenzopyrano-xanthene Dyes in the Visible and Far-Red Regions (2013)

New derivatives of aminobenzopyrano-xanthene (ABPX) dyes have been designed and synthesized with high fluorescence quantum yields in the visible and far-red regions. It was kinetically demonstrated that the structurally rigid conjugation of the xanthene moiety, which is closely related to the reduction of the nonradiative deactivation process, is an effective molecular design for the drastic enhancement of fluorescence emission efficiency.
Measurement of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction by Using Equilibrium Contrast-enhanced CT: Validation against Histologic Findings (2013)

ECV measured by using equilibrium CT in patients with aortic stenosis correlates with histologic quantification of myocardial fibrosis and with ECV derived by using equilibrium MR imaging.
Fruit size: Towards an understanding of the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system (2001)

Final fruit size is the consequence of complex metabolic events that occur between fruit set and maturation. Disruption of these biochemical and molecular processes at any stage during fruit growth will impact on final fruit size. Because fruit size is a function of cell number rather than cell size, factors affecting cell division cycle activity assume importance. In this paper, we focus attention on the metabolic control of fruit growth using avocado as a model system. Three areas of current interest are highlighted, viz. the contribution by isoprenoid metabolism in the control of cell proliferation, the role played by carbohydrate content and composition in signalling changes in metabolite status and gene expression and maintenance of plant hormone homeostasis. Central to the process of fruit growth and control of final fruit size by cell division is 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and activity of the sucrose non‐fermenting 1‐related protein kinase (SnRK1) complex. It is argued that sugar content and composition of sink cells impact on SnRK1 (and hexokinase) to modulate expression of sugar‐metabolizing enzymes, HMGR and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)‐containing enzymes. These changes, in turn, impact on hormone metabolism by affecting allocation of the purine‐derived MoCo to aldehyde oxidase and thus the endogenous concentration of indole‐3‐acetic acid, abscisic acid and cytokinin (CK) to alter plant hormone homeostasis. These aspects are integrated into a model to explain the metabolic control of avocado fruit growth and final fruit size.
Blockade of EGFR and MEK Intercepts Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer (2014)

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) that are sensitive to the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab almost always develop resistance within several months of initiating therapy. We report the emergence of polyclonal KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in CRC cells with acquired resistance to EGFR blockade. Regardless of the genetic alterations, resistant cells consistently displayed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which persisted after EGFR blockade. Inhibition of MEK1/2 alone failed to impair the growth of resistant cells in vitro and in vivo. An RNA interference screen demonstrated that suppression of EGFR, together with silencing of MEK1/2, was required to hamper the proliferation of resistant cells. Indeed, concomitant pharmacological blockade of MEK and EGFR induced prolonged ERK inhibition and severely impaired the growth of resistant tumor cells. Heterogeneous and concomitant mutations in KRAS and NRAS were also detected in plasma samples from patients who developed resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies. A mouse xenotransplant from a CRC patient who responded and subsequently relapsed upon EGFR therapy showed exquisite sensitivity to combinatorial treatment with MEK and EGFR inhibitors. Collectively, these results identify genetically distinct mechanisms that mediate secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies, all of which reactivate ERK signaling. These observations provide a rational strategy to overcome the multifaceted clonal heterogeneity that emerges when tumors are treated with targeted agents. We propose that MEK inhibitors, in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab, should be tested in CRC patients who become refractory to anti-EGFR therapies.
InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers (2002)

InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by strained-layer epitaxy on GaAs can accommodate more In than planar growth and present an interesting approach for realizing GaAs-based laser diodes that operate in the 1.1 to 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength range. Although QD emission wavelengths as long as 1.3 /spl mu/m have been reported, lasing in edge-emitting devices has been limited to wavelengths just over 1.0 /spl mu/m. Recently, we found that for optimized growth conditions, QD electroluminescence efficiency at 1.3 /spl mu/m is comparable to good InGaAs quantum wells emitting at 0.98 /spl mu/m. In particular, the use of separate and alternating sub-monolayer depositions increases the emission wavelength to 1.3 /spl mu/m and leads to high electroluminescence efficiency, while keeping the total In content of the deposited material to a minimum to avoid excessive strain. We describe the influence of growth method on the formation and emission characteristics of self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs QDs and describe device characteristics from edge emitting lasers using these QD active regions.
[Synthesis and biological activity of 2,3-benzopyrone analogs]. (1998)

Several 2, 3-benzopyrone analogs were synthesized for evaluating their K(+)-channel and anticancer activities. The Friedel-Crafts reaction was taken place with some replacement phenyl acetic acid or its methyl ester and vanillin as reactants in the condition of Ac2O/ZnCl2. All products were confirmed by means of MS and 1H, 13CNMR spectra. Compounds 2 and 3 showed obvious activities on the K(+)-channel and anticancer screening, while the activity of compound 5 was weak. Compound 4 was not yet tested. The primary result indicate that the potential activity of such compounds deserves further study.
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. Variations and relationship to the talus (1991)

The anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament was evaluated in 46 preserved specimens with a mean age of 73.8 years. A classification system was devised to encompass the observed variations in ligamentous structure. Particular emphasis was placed on evaluating the extent of impingement between the inferior border of the ligament and the talus. It was determined that the presence of a separate inferior fascicle is not a prerequisite for impingement. However, a triangular, beveled region located anteriorly on the border between the trochlear and lateral surfaces of the talus was identified in association with anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament impingement.
Optical imaging of cell mass and growth dynamics (2008)

Using novel interferometric quantitative phase microscopy methods, we demonstrate that the surface integral of the optical phase associated with live cells is invariant to cell water content. Thus, we provide an entirely noninvasive method to measure the nonaqueous content or "dry mass" of living cells. Given the extremely high stability of the interferometric microscope and the femtogram sensitivity of the method to changes in cellular dry mass, this new technique is not only ideal for quantifying cell growth but also reveals spatially resolved cellular and subcellular dynamics of living cells over many decades in a temporal scale. Specifically, we present quantitative histograms of individual cell mass characterizing the hypertrophic effect of high glucose in a mesangial cell model. In addition, we show that in an epithelial cell model observed for long periods of time, the mean squared displacement data reveal specific information about cellular and subcellular dynamics at various characteristic length and time scales. Overall, this study shows that interferometeric quantitative phase microscopy represents a noninvasive optical assay for monitoring cell growth, characterizing cellular motility, and investigating the subcellular motions of living cells.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma – a clinico-pathological review (2011)

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare primary brain tumour which occurs in children and young adults. PXA is designated as low-grade astrocytoma (WHO II), although an anaplastic variant and malignant potential have been described. Pathologically, cellular pleomorphism is the rule and includes spindle cells, mononucleated and multinucleated giant cells, and granular bodies in a reticulin-rich background with few mitoses; necrosis is usually absent. The tumour cells stain positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with gross surgical resection being accomplished due to its well-circumscribed nature and peripheral location. The role of adjuvant treatment remains yet to be clearly defined. To date, the majority of PXAs have been reported as single or small case series; consequently data of this rare brain tumour are fragmentary. The present paper reviews the pathogenesis, neuroradiological features, prognostic factors and treatment options for PXA.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNET GIS (2001)

The development of Internet provides convenient environment for information searching and browsing .It also offerss a new platform for geographic information processing and analysis .This paper discusses organization and processing approach to Internet geographic information,and provides a new method to cross -platform and distributed geographic infor mation and its software implementation. The exampie is used to show the practicality and superiority of this method
Peptides in headlock – a novel high-affinity and versatile peptide-binding nanobody for proteomics and microscopy (2016)

Nanobodies are highly valuable tools for numerous bioanalytical and biotechnical applications. Here, we report the characterization of a nanobody that binds a short peptide epitope with extraordinary affinity. Structural analysis reveals an unusual binding mode where the extended peptide becomes part of a β-sheet structure in the nanobody. This interaction relies on sequence-independent backbone interactions augmented by a small number of specificity-determining side chain contacts. Once bound, the peptide is fastened by two nanobody side chains that clamp it in a headlock fashion. Exploiting this unusual binding mode, we generated a novel nanobody-derived capture and detection system. Matrix-coupled nanobody enables the fast and efficient isolation of epitope-tagged proteins from prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. Additionally, the fluorescently labeled nanobody visualizes subcellular structures in different cellular compartments. The high-affinity-binding and modifiable peptide tag of this system renders it a versatile and robust tool to combine biochemical analysis with microscopic studies.
Essential fatty acids are mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions (1999)

Major advances have been made in understanding the biochemistry of essential fatty acids (FA) and their interactions with metabolic pathways leading to the production of longer and more complex fatty acids and lipids. Less understood are the roles played by FA which are known to affect neurotransmitters, peptides, releasing factors, hormones, and a variety of physiological and cognitive processes. Based on empirical findings we propose that (a) FA exert a controlling function in the modulation of neuronal membrane fluidity, and (b) the critical factor in FA action and efficacy is not absolute level but rather the ratio between various groups of FA. This approach unifies the biochemical and cognitive results obtained from many different and unrelated fields of research.
Identification of Plasma Metabolomic Profiling for Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Using an UPLC/TOF/MS Platform (2013)

Epidemiological studies indicated that esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still one of the most common causes of cancer incidence in the world. Searching for valuable markers including circulating endogenous metabolites associated with the risk of esophageal cancer, is extremely important A comparative metabolomics study was performed by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze 53 pairs of plasma samples from ESCC patients and healthy controls recruited in Huaian, China. The result identified a metabolomic profiling of plasma including 25 upregulated metabolites and five downregulated metabolites, for early diagnosis of ESCC. With a database-based verification protocol, 11 molecules were identified, and six upregulated molecules of interest in ESCC were found to belong to phospholipids as follows: phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphinganine 1-phosphate. Clinical estimation of metabolic biomarkers through hierarchical cluster analysis in plasma samples from 17 ESCC patients and 29 healthy volunteers indicated that the present metabolite profile could distinguish ESCC patients from healthy individuals. The cluster of aberrant expression of these metabolites in ESCC indicates the critical role of phospholipid metabolism in the oncogenesis of ESCC and suggests its potential ability to assess the risk of ESCC development in addition to currently used risk factors.
Vector sequence contamination of the Plasmodium vivax sequence database in PlasmoDB and In silico correction of 26 parasite sequences (2015)

We found a 47 aa protein sequence that occurs 17 times in the Plasmodium vivax nucleotide database published on PlasmoDB. Coding sequence analysis showed multiple restriction enzyme sites within the 141 bp nucleotide sequence, and a His6 tag attached to the 3' end, suggesting cloning vector origins. Sequences with vector contamination were submitted to NCBI, and BLASTN was used to cross-examine whole-genome shotgun contigs (WGS) from four recently deposited P. vivax whole genome sequencing projects. There are at least 26 genes listed in the PlasmoDB database that incorporate this cloning vector sequence into their predicted provisional protein products.
Assignment of Absolute Configuration at Phosphorus in Dithymidylyl(3′,5′)phosphormorpholidates and -Phosphormorpholidothioates (1991)

Abstract Diastereoisomers of dithymidylyl(3′,5′)phosphormorpholidate (1) and morpholidothioate 2 were isolated. Analysis of products of stereospecific reactions allowed us to correlate absolute configuration with RP HPLC=elution order - “fast”-eluted isomers are Sp, while “slow”-eluted are Rp isomers.
Can Monitoring Fetal Intestinal Inflammation Using Heart Rate Variability Analysis Signal Incipient Necrotizing Enterocolitis of the Neonate? (2016)

We identified a unique subset of fetal heart rate variability measures reflecting 1.5 days ahead of time the levels of macrophage activation and increased leakiness in terminal ileum. We propose that such subset of fetal heart rate variability measures reflects brain-gut communication via the vagus nerve. Detecting such noninvasively obtainable organ-specific fetal heart rate variability signature of inflammation would alarm neonatologists about neonates at risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. Clinical validation studies are required.
Complementation Analysis of Mutants of 1-Aminocyclopropane1-carboxylate Synthase Reveals the Enzyme Is a Dimer with Shared Active Sites (1998)

The pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. ACS shares the conservation of 11 invariant residues with a family of aminotransferases that includes aspartate aminotransferase. Site-directed mutagenesis on two of these residues, Tyr-92 and Lys-278, in the tomato isoenzyme Le-ACS2 greatly reduces enzymatic activity, indicating their importance in catalysis. These mutants have been used in complementation experiments either in vivo in Escherichia coli or in an in vitro transcription/translation assay to study whether the enzyme functions as a dimer. When the Y92L mutant is coexpressed with the K278A mutant protein, there is partial restoration of enzyme activity, suggesting that the mutant proteins can dimerize and form active heterodimers. Coexpressing a double mutant with the wild-type protein reduces wild-type activity, indicating that inactive heterodimers are formed between the wild-type and the double mutant protein subunits. Furthermore, hybrid complementation shows that another tomato isoenzyme, Le-ACS4, can dimerize and that Le-ACS2 and Le-ACS4 have limited capacity for heterodimerization. The data suggest that ACS functions as a dimer with shared active sites.
Retrieving haystacks: a data driven information needs model for faceted search (2014)

The research aim was to develop an understanding of information need characteristics for word co-occurrence-based search result filters (facets). No prior research has been identified into what enterprise searchers may find useful for exploratory search and why. Various word co-occurrence techniques were applied to results from sample queries performed on industry membership content. The results were used in an international survey of 54 practising petroleum engineers from 32 organizations. Subject familiarity, job role, personality and query specificity are possible causes for survey response variation. An information needs model is presented: Broad, Rich, Intriguing, Descriptive, General, Expert and Situational (BRIDGES). This may help professionals to more effectively meet their information needs and stimulate new needs, improving a system’s ability to facilitate serendipity. This research has implications for faceted search in enterprise search and digital library deployments.
Catalysis by electrons and holes: formal potential scales and preparative organic electrochemistry (2015)

The present review surveys current chemical understanding of catalysis by addition and removal of an electron.
New Methods for Cross-Section Sample Preparation Using Broad Argon Ion Beam (2007)

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
Inhibition of the specific DNA binding activity of the dioxin receptor by phosphatase treatment. (1991)

The dioxin receptor stimulates transcription of the cytochrome P-450IA1 gene in response to dioxin. Exposure of the intracellular dioxin receptor to dioxin leads to a rapid conversion of the receptor from a latent form to a DNA binding species which specifically recognizes dioxin-responsive positive control elements in vitro. In this report, we show that treatment of in vivo or in vitro ligand-activated receptor with potato acid phosphatase significantly reduced or abolished its specific DNA binding activity. This effect was inhibited in the presence of sodium phosphate. In control experiments, the ligand-activated glucocorticoid receptor was not inactivated by phosphatase treatment. Moreover, phosphatase treatment did not induce any detectable degradation of covalently labeled dioxin receptor, arguing against protease contamination as a cause for receptor inactivation. Finally, phosphatase-inactivated dioxin receptor exhibited bona fide levels of ligand binding activity. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphorylation may regulate the DNA binding activity of the ligand-occupied dioxin receptor.
Shadow Analysis Technique for Extraction of Building Height using High Resolution Satellite Single Image and Accuracy Assessment (2014)

Abstract. These High resolution satellite data with metadata information is used to extract the height of the building using shadow. Proposed approach divides into two phases 1) rooftop and shadow extraction and 2) height estimation. Firstly the rooftop and shadow region were extracted by manual/ automatic methods using Example – Based and Rule – Based approaches. After feature extraction next step is estimating height of the building by taking rooftop in association with shadow using Ratio Method and by using the relation between sun-satellite geometry. The performance analysis shows the total mean error of height is 0.67 m from ratio method, 1.51 m from Example – Based Approach and 0.96 m from Rule – Based Approach. Analysis concluded that Ratio Method i.e. manual method is best for height estimation but it is time consuming so the automatic Rule Based approach is best for height estimation in comparison to Example Based Approach because it require more knowledge and selection of more training samples as well as slows the processing rate of the method.