gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Insolvent Life Care Provider Who Leads the Dance Between the Federal Bankruptcy Code and State Continuing-Care Statutes? (2000)

Continuing-care retirement communities provide seniors with an attractive option to traditionaln ursing homes. These arrangementsa llow seniors to live in a pleasant, independent environment for as long as possible, and then receive life time nursing care when it is needed. Residents of these communities pay a large upfront entry fee in exchange for the promise of life time nursing care. When continuing care facilities file for bankruptcy, however, residents risk losing their large upfront entry fee, which drastically reduces the value of these arrangements to consumers. In this Article, Professor Nathalie Martin analyses these risks against a host of state statutes purporting to regulate this industry. She concludes that despite many laws on the books, this industry remains largely unregulated, and residentfees are still at great risk of loss in most states. In the Article, Professor Martin analyses the relationship between state statutes and the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and discusses the Supremacy battle that results when state and federal statutes conflict. She analyses the specific provisions of the various state continuing-care statutes and suggests ways that the state statutes could be improved. She then concludes that because the Bankruptcy Code preempts some of the provisions of these state statutes, and because the state legislative process is inefficient and unpredictable, to fully protect residents form the loss of their life care investments, the Bankruptcy Code should also be amended to preclude rejection of life care contracts, to provide rejection damage claims with higher priority, or to otherwise protect resident claims.
Comparison of an experimental updraft ultraviolet light trap with the CDC miniature light trap and biting collections in sampling for Anopheles albimanus in Haiti. (1986)

Three methods of capturing Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were compared during a field study in four villages in northern Haiti. Updraft ultraviolet (UV) light traps proved to be more effective than biting collections, regardless of season or whether the tests were done indoors or outdoors. Biting collections were in turn more effective than the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light traps. Updraft UV light traps and biting collections yielded more An. albimanus outdoors than indoors; the reverse was found for the CDC miniature light traps. The updraft UV light traps caught An. albimanus on 86% of the occasions used outside and 75% of the occasions inside. The biting collections were equally as successful as the traps in catching mosquitoes outside but caught An. albimanus only on 64% of the occasions when used inside houses. The CDC miniature light traps were successful in collecting An. albimanus on 33% of the occasions outside and 60% of the occasions inside.
Selection of aptamers targeting the sialic acid receptor of hemagglutinin by epitope-specific SELEX (2014)

A new SELEX scheme is proposed for the selection of aptamers targeting a specific epitope of a native protein. Anti-sialic acid receptor (SAR) aptamers that inhibit H1 hemagglutination at a low picomole dose are selected accordingly.
The catalytic mechanism of adenosylhomocysteine/methylthioadenosine nucleosidase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The substrate and inhibitory specificity of Escherichia coli adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy)/methylthioadenosine (MeSAdo) nucleosidase has been explored with several MeSAdo analogues modified on the sugar moiety at the 2', 3' and 5' positions. Alteration at C3' or at C2' and C3' positions in MeSAdo abolished substrate activity. However, the 2'-deoxy analogue of MeSAdo is effective as a substrate; this result provides evidence against a possible general-base catalysis involving the anchimeric assistance of the 2'-alpha-hydroxy group and the formation of a 1,2-epoxide as an intermediate in the catalytic process. The results of a study of the interaction of an 8,5'-cyclo analogue of MeSAdo with the enzyme indicate the importance of the glycosidic conformation of the substrate for binding to the active site. The enzyme discriminates against methanol attack from the solvent during catalysis. This implies the participation of an enzyme-directed water nucleophile. A poor solvent kinetic deuterium-isotope effect was measured (0.93) on the Vmax. Plots of log Vmax and log (Vmax/Km) for MeSAdo as a function of pH values from 5.0 to 8.5 are similar, with two presumably essential ionisable groups for catalysis with apparent pKa values of 5.6 and 8.2, whereas Km is independent of pH. When the 2'-alpha-hydroxy group of MeSAdo is substituted by fluorine, a significant decrease (28 500-fold) in the Vmax for enzyme-catalysed hydrolysis of the modified substrate is observed. This result indicates a transition state with a substantial oxocarbenium character. From these data, the reaction mechanism for AdoHcy/MeSAdo nucleosidase is discussed.
Tablet formulation of piroxicam containing PVP K-30 and sodium lauryl sulphate (2004)

Piroxicam, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent is widely used as a first line drug in the symptomatic relief of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Major problem with this drug is its very low solubility in biological fluids, which results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, tablet formulation of piroxicam with polyvinyl pyrolidone K-30 and sodium lauryl sulphate was prepared with a view to increase its water solubility. The dissolution profile of promising batch T1 was compared with marketed preparation (MP-dispersible tablet). Batch T1 gave far better dissolution than the marketed product, which released only 55% drug in 30 min while batch T1 released 86% drug in 30 min. Comparison of in vitro dissolution profile of batch T1 with that of cycladol (solid dispersion with b cyclodextrin) showed no significant difference in % dissolution efficiency except time for 50% dissolution (t50) for cycladol was 4.41 min while for batch T1 it was 9.29 min. Batch T1 was considered better than cycladol as far as the cost of raw materials used in the product is concerned. Selected formulation (batch T1) was subjected to stability studies. The formulation was found to be stable for 4 w at 45o with insignificant change in the hardness, disintegration time and in vitro drug release pattern.
Effects of 2,4‐DP (2,4‐dichlorophenoxypropionic acid) plant growth regulator on fruit size and yield of Valencia oranges ( <i>Citrus sinensis</i> Osb.) (2011)

The Valencia orange is a high‐quality fruit grown in Turkey; however, small fruit sizes and high fruit discard percentages are common in Valencia oranges. Small fruit size is the main factor limiting the marketing of Valencia oranges; thus, synthetic auxins are commonly used to enhance the size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (2,4‐DP) on the fruit size, yield and quality of Valencia oranges from 29‐year‐old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey during 2005–06. Three concentrations (50, 100 and 150 ppm) of 2,4‐DP were applied during the June drop, when the mean fruit diameter was 13–15 mm. The results indicated that the application of 2,4‐DP increased the fruit size of Valencia oranges without reducing yield. The application had a significant effect on fruit yield. Compared with the control trees, applications of 2,4‐DP increased the number of large, commercially valuable Valencia oranges (75–80 mm). Moreover, an increase in the concentration of 2,4‐DP increased the yield and weight of the fruits. As a result, fruit retention was highest in trees sprayed with 150 ppm 2,4‐DP. Except for the titratable acid content (TA), which increased with an increase in the 2,4‐DP concentration, the internal characteristics of the fruit were not affected by treatment with 2,4‐DP. Thus, the results of the present study revealed that 2,4‐DP can be used to improve the fruit size of Valencia fruitlets during the June drop.
Real-Time Traffic Light Detection With Adaptive Background Suppression Filter (2015)

Traffic light detection plays an important role in intelligent transportation system, and many detection methods have been proposed in recent years. However, illumination variation effect is still of its major technical problem in real urban driving environments. In this paper, we propose a novel vision-based traffic light detection method for driving vehicles, which is fast and robust under different illumination conditions. The proposed method contains two stages: the candidate extraction stage and the recognition stage. On the candidate extraction stage, we propose an adaptive background suppression algorithm to highlight the traffic light candidate regions while suppressing the undesired backgrounds. On the recognition stage, each candidate region is verified and is further classified into different traffic light semantic classes. We evaluate our method on video sequences (more than 5000 frames and labels) captured from urban streets and suburb roads in varying illumination and compared with other vision-based traffic detection approaches. The experiment shows that the proposed method can achieve a desired detection result with high quality and robustness; simultaneously, the whole detection system can meet the real-time processing requirement of about 15 fps on video sequences.
An Approximate <i>L</i><sup>1</sup> -Difference Algorithm for Massive Data Streams (2002)

Massive data sets are increasingly important in a wide range of applications, includingobservational sciences, product marketing, and the monitoring and operations of large systems. In network operations, raw data typically arrive in streams, and decisions must be made by algorithms that make one pass over each stream, throw much of the raw data away, and produce “synopses” or “sketches” for further processing. Moreover, network-generated massive data sets are often distributed: Several different, physically separated network elements may receive or generate data streams that, together, comprise one logical data set; to be of use in operations, the streams must be analyzed locally and their synopses sent to a central operations facility. The enormous scale, distributed nature, and one-pass processing requirement on the data sets of interest must be addressed with new algorithmic techniques. We present one fundamental new technique here: a space-efficient, one-pass algorithm for approximating the L¹-difference � i |ai −bi | between two functions, when the function values ai and bi are given as data streams, and their order is chosen by an adversary. Our main technical innovation, which may be of interest outside the realm of massive data stream algorithmics, is a method of constructingfamilies {Vj(s)} of limited-independence random variables that are range-summable, by which we mean that �c−1 j=0 Vj(s) is computable in time polylog(c) for all seeds s. OurL1-difference algorithm can be viewed as a “sketching” algorithm, in the sense of [Broder et al., J. Comput. System Sci., 60 (2000), pp. 630–659], and our technique performs better than that of Broder et al. when used to approximate the symmetric difference of two sets with small symmetric difference.
Distributed Communication System Design Based on Can Bus for Parallel-Serial Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (2010)

Distributed network system based on Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol has been widely applied into the vehicle industries. CAN communication protocol for the parallel-serial hybrid electrical vehicles (PSHEV) has been designed in the paper. Real-time scheduling algorithms based on optimization periodic algorithm (OPA) with non-preemptive and preemptive scheduling are also proposed with an optimization goal function to decrease the delay time for sporadic tasks and increase the CPU utilization for a real-time controller. Then a kind of method of solving the OPA have been designed namely exhaust algorithm (EA). With a view to avoid real vehicles experiment failures in advance, it is necessary for us to make an experiment set-up to verify the validity of the CAN protocol designed and OPA for the PSHEV. So the related hardware circuits for testing CAN system have been made. Finally, communication experiments are made based on CAN protocol proposed above. The results show the CAN protocol and OPA scheduling algorithm for the PSHEV are valid, all messages can be transmitted and received efficiently and completely avoiding the occurrence of loss of messages in the process of communications in all nodes of the system and the optimized periodic tasks as a result of OPA scheduling algorithm can decrease the delay time for sporadic tasks and increase the CPU utilization for a real-time controller.
Doctoral enterprise: a holistic conception of evolving practices and arrangements (2009)

This article argues that a broader and more holistic conception of doctoral education is required to accommodate the changing nature of the doctoral interface – the points where education, training, research, work and career development intersect. The article begins by examining three different conceptions from the literature that have been used to represent postgraduate research training. It then draws on a research study conducted recently in Australia, from which an integrative model of ‘doctoral enterprise’ has been derived. Underpinned by theories of practice, the model highlights the mutually constituted and continuously evolving nature of doctoral practices and arrangements. The article concludes with a discussion of the model and the implications arising for curriculum and pedagogy.
Evaluation of accuracy of B-spline transformation-based deformable image registration with different parameter settings for thoracic images (2014)

Deformable image registration (DIR) is fundamental technique for adaptive radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy. However, further improvement of DIR is still needed. We evaluated the accuracy of B-spline transformation-based DIR implemented in elastix. This registration package is largely based on the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK), and several new functions were implemented to achieve high DIR accuracy. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether new functions implemented in elastix are useful for improving DIR accuracy. Thoracic 4D computed tomography images of ten patients with esophageal or lung cancer were studied. Datasets for these patients were provided by DIR-lab (dir-lab.com) and included a coordinate list of anatomical landmarks that had been manually identified. DIR between peak-inhale and peak-exhale images was performed with four types of parameter settings. The first one represents original ITK (Parameter 1). The second employs the new function of elastix (Parameter 2), and the third was created to verify whether new functions improve DIR accuracy while keeping computational time (Parameter 3). The last one partially employs a new function (Parameter 4). Registration errors for these parameter settings were calculated using the manually determined landmark pairs. 3D registration errors with standard deviation over all cases were 1.78 (1.57), 1.28 (1.10), 1.44 (1.09) and 1.36 (1.35) mm for Parameter 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, indicating that the new functions are useful for improving DIR accuracy, even while maintaining the computational time, and this B-spline-based DIR could be used clinically to achieve high-accuracy adaptive radiotherapy.
Boiling binary mixtures at subatmospheric pressures (2003)

The authors present a study of boiling binary mixtures of water with methanol or 2-propanol at subatmospheric pressures. Liquid-phase equilibrium vapor pressures, binary phase equilibrium thermodynamic properties, heat transfer characteristics, and the critical heat flux (CHF) condition are determined for saturated pool boiling from a localized heat source while varying the concentrations of methanol and 2-propanol in water. The heat source is an upward-facing copper surface submerged in a laterally confined, finite pool. Low-pressure boiling of aqueous mixtures provides a means of removing high heat fluxes while maintaining low surface temperatures. Small additions of alcohol to water increase the CHF condition above that of pure water. Higher concentrations of alcohol begin decreasing the CHF condition to that of the pure alcohol. While single-component correlations using mole weighted binary liquid thermodynamic properties have been shown to predict ideal binary mixture boiling behavior, they are unsuccessful in predicting the characteristics of aqueous mixtures. The significance of the results obtained to the use of binary coolants for electronics cooling applications is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Covalent Binding of Peptides to the N-terminal Hydrophobic Region of Cardiac Troponin C Has Limited Effects on Function (1996)

Exposure of an N-terminal hydrophobic region in troponin C is thought to be important for the regulation of contraction in striated muscle. To test this hypothesis, single Cys residues were engineered at positions 45, 81, 84, or 85 in the N-terminal hydrophobic region of cardiac troponin C (cTnC) to provide specific sites for attachment of blocking groups. A synthetic peptide, Ac-Val-Arg-Ala-Ile-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ser-Ser, or biotin was coupled to these Cys residues, and the covalent adducts were tested for activity in TnC-extracted myofibrils. Covalent modification of cTnC(C45) had no effect on maximal myofibril ATPase activity. Greatly decreased myofibril ATPase activity (70-80% inhibited) resulted when the peptide was conjugated to Cys-81 in cTnC(C81), while a lesser degree of inhibition (10-25% inhibited) resulted from covalent modification of cTnC(C84) and cTnC(C85). Inhibition was not due to an altered affinity of the cTnC(C81)/peptide conjugate for the myofibrils, and the Ca2+ dependence of ATPase activity was essentially identical to the unmodified protein. Thus, a subregion of the N-terminal hydrophobic region in cTnC is sensitive to disruption, while other regions are less important or can adapt to rather bulky blocking groups. The data suggest that Ca(2+)-sensitizing drugs may bind to the N-terminal hydrophobic region on cTnC but not interfere with transmission of the Ca2+ signal.
Smart City: An Event Driven Architecture for Monitoring Public Spaces with Heterogeneous Sensors (2010)

In this paper, we present the Smart City Architecture developed in the context of the ARTEMIS JU SP3 SOFIA project. It is an Event Driven Architecture that allows the management and cooperation of heterogeneous sensors for monitoring public spaces. The main components of the architecture are implemented in a testbed on a subway scenario with the objective to demonstrate that our proposed solution, can enhance the detection of anomalous events and simplify both the operators tasks and the communications to passengers in case of emergency.
Hydrogen sulphide in exhaled breath: a potential biomarker for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in IBS (2016)

There is a pressing need to develop a novel early-detection strategy for the precise evolution of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The current method based on a hydrogen breath test (HBT) for the detection of SIBO is highly controversial. HBT has many limitations and drawbacks. It often fails to indentify SIBO when IBS individuals have 'non-hydrogen-producing' colonic bacteria. Here, we show that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in exhaled breath is distinctly altered for diarrhea-predominant IBS individuals with positive and negative SIBO by the activity of intestinal sulphate-reducing bacteria. Subsequently, by analyzing the excretion kinetics of breath H2S, we found a missing link between breath H2S and SIBO when HBT often fails to diagnose SIBO. Moreover, breath H2S can track the precise evolution of SIBO, even after the eradication of bacterial overgrowth. Our findings suggest that the changes in H2S in the bacterial environment may contribute to the pathogenesis of SIBO and the breath H2S as a potential biomarker for non-invasive, rapid and precise assessment of SIBO without the endoscopy-based microbial culture of jejunal aspirates, and thus may open new perspectives into the pathophysiology of SIBO in IBS subjects.
Human B cell differentiation. II. Pokeweed mitogen-responsive B cells belong to a surface immunoglobulin D-negative subpopulation. (1982)

Surface immunoglobulin D (IgD)-positive lymphocytes precoated with monoclonal anti-delta antibody were selectively removed from blood mononuclear cell preparations by "panning" and by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The depletion of sIgD+ cells did not significantly affect plasma cell responses to pokeweed mitogen PWM). PWM-responsive B cells lacking sIgD and mouse erythrocyte receptors preferentially sedimented in lower density fractions of a discontinuous Percoll gradient, and sIgD-negative B cells were found to have a larger mean diameter than IgD-positive cells. We conclude that PWM-responsive B cells represent a distinct subpopulation of relatively large cells that have ceased to express receptors for mouse erythrocytes and surface IgD.
A Monolithic Michelson interferometer with a large piston MEMS micromirror (2016)

We demonstrated a MEMS based Monolithic Michelson interferometer with both the movable mirror and fixed mirror vertically oriented and integrated on a silicon bench for the first time. Both mirrors are single-crystal silicon based and their vertical orientation is attained by a proper thermal bimorph design and a unique stopper mechanism. This device enables miniature Fourier transform spectrometers.
Improving the dynamic accuracy of industrial robots by trajectory pre-compensation (2003)

This paper presents a method to improve the path tracking accuracy of an industrial robot without replacing the standard industrial controller. By calculating off-line an appropriate trajectory pre-compensation, the effects of the nonlinear dynamics are compensated. This is realized by filtering the desired trajectory with the inverse dynamic model of the robot and its velocity controller. This compensation is applied as a velocity feedforward in the standard industrial controller avoiding the need for a torque control interface. The method presented is validated experimentally on a KUKA IR 361 industrial robot. The results show clearly an improved path tracking accuracy on circular trajectories.
Actin and lamin comprised filaments in the nuclei of Chinese hamster ovary cells affected with Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A. (1990)

The major change in the ultrastructure of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated with Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A was the formation of bundles of filaments in the nucleoplasm. The filaments appeared after 2.5 h and disappeared by the fourth hour of incubation with the toxin. To partially characterize these filaments, laser diffractometry and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry were employed. The bundles consist of coiled filaments of about 11 nm and 16 nm diameter and a main long axial periodicity of about 26 nm. Postembedding immunogold labelling with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that these intranuclear filaments are comprised mainly of actin, but also contain lamin and vinculin. Between 2.5 and 3 h of incubation with enterotoxin A, the lamins were located close to the nuclear envelope, but they were also consistently found scattered in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Such an unusual distribution of lamins might mediate the adverse effects of enterotoxin A on nuclear organization and function and thus cause the eventual death of CHO cells.