gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of topical ketanserin administration on intraocular pressure. (1993)

The effect of topical ketanserin on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive and hypertensive eyes was evaluated. The study was performed on 10 healthy volunteers and 10 glaucomatous patients. Systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP), diastolic arterial blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), IOP, tonographic outflow facility, pupil diameter, corneal thickness, and tear secretion were recorded at baseline and at 1 hour intervals for 12 hours after topical administration of 0.5% ketanserin or placebo, given in a randomised, double masked, crossover fashion. The alternative treatment was given 1 week later. In all subjects ketanserin significantly lowered IOP, while no variations in SBP, DBP, HR, pupil diameter, corneal thickness, and tear secretion were found. When subjects received placebo no significant variations of IOP occurred. Total outflow facility, measured by conventional tonography, increased significantly after drug administration in all subjects. Ketanserin is effective up to 6 hours in control subjects and 9 hours in glaucomatous patients. The placebo did not induce any change in this component of the aqueous humour dynamic in normal or in glaucomatous eyes. The findings indicate that topical ketanserin might be added to the list of antiglaucomatous agents.
E-selectin expression in human cardiac grafts with cellular rejection. (1993)

E-selectin is expressed in cardiac allograft rejection and may play a role in recruitment of lymphocytes into the graft. Rejection trend analysis suggests that E-selectin expression may be prominent early in the course of rejection.
Decreased Intracellular Superoxide Levels Activate Sindbis Virus-induced Apoptosis (1999)

Infection of many cultured cell types with Sindbis virus (SV), an alphavirus, triggers apoptosis through a commonly utilized caspase activation pathway. However, the upstream signals by which SV activates downstream apoptotic effectors, including caspases, remain unclear. Here we report that in AT-3 prostate carcinoma cells, SV infection decreases superoxide (O-2) levels within minutes of infection as monitored by an aconitase activity assay. This SV-induced decrease in O-2 levels appears to activate or modulate cell death, as a recombinant SV expressing the O-2 scavenging enzyme, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), potentiates SV-induced apoptosis. A recombinant SV expressing a mutant form of SOD, which has reduced SOD activity, has no effect. The potentiation of SV-induced apoptosis by wild type SOD is because of its ability to scavenge intracellular O-2 rather than its ability to promote the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Pyruvate, a peroxide scavenger, does not affect the ability of wild type SOD to potentiate cell death; and increasing the intracellular catalase activity via a recombinant SV vector has no effect on SV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, increasing intracellular O-2 by treatment of 3T3 cells with paraquat protects them from SV-induced death. Altogether, our results suggest that SV may activate apoptosis by reducing intracellular superoxide levels and define a novel redox signaling pathway by which viruses can trigger cell death.
Physiological indicators of tolerance to cold storage in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings (1991)

Two-year-old transplants and undercuts of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco were cold-stored (1 °C) for 1 to 7 months ending in April 1989. Their physiological arid morphological condition at lifting and after storage was assessed and related to survival and height increment on a reafforestation site after one growing season. Physiological assessments made between October and April at lifting were root growth potential, tolerance of fine roots to chronic cold, shoot and root mitotic index, root elongation, and electrolyte leakage from the shoot and roots. Shoot cold hardiness was assessed between October and mid-December. The seasonal changes in these parameters and the effect of species and undercutting treatments are described. At lifting, root growth potential identified (i) differences due to species and undercutting treatments and (ii) the earliest possible safe lifting dates of P. menziesii but not of P. sitchensis. After cold storage, plant vigour was assessed by root growth potential and shoot and root membrane integrity. Membrane integrity of the fine roots was a very good indicator of survival. There was a highly significant, negative correlation between the rate of electrolyte leakage, indicating membrane damage, and survival (p ≤ 0.001, r = −0.90).
Microbial Profile of Early and Late Onset Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in The Intensive Care Unit of A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangalore, India (2013)

Due to the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms in our ICU, early and correct diagnosis of VAP is an urgent challenge for an optimal antibiotic treatment and cure. Hence, knowing the local microbial flora causing VAP and effective infection control practices are essential to improve clinical outcomes.
Beta-cyclodextrins enhance bioavailability of pilocarpine (1993)

Cyclodextrins have been used to improve drug solubility, stability and absorption for oral and parenteral administration. However, their potential for improving ocular drug delivery has received little attention. To evaluate the ability of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins to improve ophthalmic drug bioavailability following topical administration, the miotic effect of topical solutions of pilocarpine was studied in New Zealand White rabbits. Pilocarpine varying in dose from 5 to 500 micrograms in the presence or absence of 5% cyclodextrin was administered (50 microliters) topically and the change in pupil diameter determined. These results demonstrated that pilocarpine alone or in the presence of cyclodextrin produces a dose-related reduction in pupil diameter. The addition of cyclodextrins produced a significant left-shift in the dose response curve, with an ED50 of 64 micrograms and 19 micrograms for pilocarpine and pilocarpine/5% cyclodextrin solutions, respectively. Studies in which the concentration of cyclodextrin was varied revealed that a one-to-one molar ratio of pilocarpine to cyclodextrin was sufficient to provide maximum increase in pilocarpine bioavailability. Electrophysiology and scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated that cyclodextrin does not disrupt the normal ion transport currents, barrier properties or surface features of the corneal epithelium. Viscosity measurements indicated that difference in the viscosity of pilocarpine and pilocarpine/cyclodextrin solutions cannot account for increased bioavailability of pilocarpine. These data support the idea that the addition of cyclodextrin significantly improves the ocular bioavailability of pilocarpine. This enhanced bioavailability of pilocarpine does not appear to be due to a mechanism destructive to the epithelium or to an increase in vehicle viscosity.
STRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SrO-BOROVANADATE (<font>V</font><sub>2</sub><font>O</font><sub>5</sub>)<sub>z</sub>(<font>SrO</font>)<sub>0.2</sub>(<font>B</font><sub>2</sub><font>O</font><sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.8-z</sub> GLASSES (2010)

SrO -borovanadate glasses with the nominal composition (V 2 O 5 ) z ( SrO ) 0.2 ( B 2 O 3 ) 0.8-z , 0.4≤z ≤0.8 were studied by direct current (DC) electrical conductivity, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray-powder-diffraction (XRD). These glasses were prepared by a normal quench technique and the actual compositions of the glasses were determined by ICP spectroscopy. XRD patterns confirm the amorphous nature of the present glasses. The temperature dependence of DC electrical conductivity of these glasses has been studied in terms of different hopping models. The IR results agree with previous investigations on similar glasses and it has been concluded that similar to SrO -vanadate glasses, metavandate chainlike structures of SrV 2 O 6 and individual VO 4 units also occur in these SrO -borovanadate glasses. The SrV 2 O 6 and VO n polyhedra predominate in the low B 2 O 3 containing SrO -borovanadate glasses as the B substitutes into the V sites of the various VO n polyhedra and only when the B 2 O 3 concentration exceeds the SrO content do BO n structures appear. This qualitative picture of three distinct structural groupings for the Sr -vanadate and Sr -borovanadate glasses is consistent with the proposed glass structure on previous IR and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies on these types of glasses. The conductivity results were analyzed with reference to theoretical models existing in the literature and the analysis shows that the conductivity data are consistent with Mott's nearest neighbor hopping model. However, both Mott VRH and Greaves models are suitable to explain the data. Schnakenberg's generalized polaron hopping model is also consistent with the temperature dependence of the activation energy, but the various model parameters such as density of states, hopping energy obtained from the best fits were found to be not in accordance with the prediction of the Mott model.
Improved system for sonographic imaging and biometry of the cornea (1997)

We developed a programmable motion system for high-frequency (50 MHz) ultrasonographic imaging of the cornea. The system permits a variety of scanning modes, including arc scans matched to the approximate radius of curvature of the cornea. This approach allows high-precision biometry (+ or - 2 microm) over a much larger region of the cornea than the 3 mm central zone obtainable with conventional rectilinear scanning. Using 60 degree wide meridional arc scans covering each clock-hour of a rabbit cornea, we obtained data over an 8 mm wide central zone and produced maps representing the thickness of the corneal epithelium.
Microdischarges for use as microthrusters: modelling and scaling (2008)

Microsatellites with masses of tens of kilograms require only hundreds of micronewtons of thrust for station keeping and attitude control. Microdischarges (MDs) offer a compact way of generating such thrusts without using complex propulsion systems. In this paper, results from computational investigations of MDs sustained in Ar with tens of Torr back pressure are discussed with emphasis on conversion of discharge power into gas heating which can then be expanded in a nozzle to generate thrust. Typical cylindrical geometries have diameters of a few hundred micrometres and lengths of a few millimetres. We found that the gas temperature can exceed 1000 K for power densities of tens of kilowatts per cubic centimetre at back (upstream) pressures of tens of Torr. The nozzle length and location of the discharge in the MD channel are important from a gas dynamics viewpoint and so influence the incremental thrust (above that of the cold flow). Confining the discharge in the nozzle typically increases the peak gas temperature and the flow velocity, thereby potentially improving the performance of a MD used as a microthruster.
Theory of surface-plasmon excitation in metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions (1977)

A new calculation of surface-plasmon excitation in tunnel junctions is described. The tunnel junction is divided into three regions of complex dielectric function ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{L}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}(\ensuremath{\omega})$, and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{R}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ which correspond to the left electrode, the barrier, and the right electrode, respectively. Maxwell's equations are solved for the classical electromagnetic fields. The source terms are given by the quantum-mechanical transition current and charge, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}=(\frac{\mathrm{ie}\ensuremath{\hbar}}{2m})(\ensuremath{\psi}_{}^{*}{}_{R}{}^{}\ensuremath{\nabla}{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{L}\ensuremath{\nabla}\ensuremath{\psi}_{}^{*}{}_{R}{}^{})$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}=\ensuremath{-}e\ensuremath{\psi}_{}^{*}{}_{R}{}^{}{\ensuremath{\psi}}_{L}$, for an electronic transition from a state ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{L}$ in the left electrode to a state ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{R}$ in the right. The transition rate is given by $(\ensuremath{-}\frac{2}{\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}})\mathrm{Re}\ensuremath{\int}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}}^{*}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}{d}^{3}r$ where $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}={E}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{R}$. This new formulation avoids the need to quantize the electromagnetic fields and allows the use of complex dielectric functions. Current-carrying orthogonal eigenfunctions are used for ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{L}$ and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{R}$ in place of the nonorthogonal basis set associated with the transfer-Hamiltonian theory of inelastic tunneling. The transition rate calculated from the latter theory differs from the present calculation by a factor as large as 10 to 100 in some instances. Numerical estimates of the rate of surface-plasmon excitation in Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Ag junctions are given. The inelastic tunneling rate is found to be \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 of the elastic rate (for electrons tunneling into Ag). Excitation of electromagnetic modes which can be made radiative by roughening the electrodes is discussed.
BIS-(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)-TITANIUM DICHLORIDE —ALKYLALUMINUM COMPLEXLS AS CATALYSTS FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBIS-(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)-TITANIUM DICHLORIDE —ALKYLALUMINUM COMPLEXLS AS CATALYSTS FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENEDavid S. Breslow and Norman R. NewburgCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 5072–5073Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1169Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrothermal-Induced Assembly of Colloidal Silver Spheres into Various Nanoparticles on the Basis of HTAB-Modified Silver Mirror Reaction (2005)

Small colloidal silver spheres (diameter < 10 nm) were found to assemble into various silver nanoparticles including cubes, triangles, wires, and rods in water in the presence of HTAB (n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) at 120 degrees C, while the colloids were generated in situ on the basis of a HTAB-modified silver mirror reaction during the synthesis process. Adjustment of the synthesis parameters, in particular the concentrations of HTAB and [Ag(NH3)2]+, led to an obvious shape evolution of silver nanoparticles, thus resulting in the shape-selective formation of the silver nanoparticles. The monodisperse nanocubes with a well-defined crystallographical structure (a single crystal bounded by six {200} facets) have a strong tendency to assemble into two-dimensional arrays on substrates. The nanowires with uniform diameter usually existed in the form of two-dimensional alignments. The findings suggested that hydrothermal-induced assembly of small silver colloidal particles should be a convenient and effective approach to the preparation of various silver nanoparticles.
Chronic Wound Infection and Antimicrobial Use (2008)

After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1. Discuss the etiology of chronic wounds. 2. Describe the agents used for the treatment of chronic wound infections.
Practical Guide to ICP-MS (2003)

Whatever your ICP-MS experience, you probably know that there are many textbooks compiled and edited by academics that approach ICP-MS from a purely theoretical and fundamental perspective, but there aren't any books that provide a practical perspective of the technique that are written specifically for the novice user. You'll be glad to know that
CONVERSION FROM SUBTYPES OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT TO ALZHEIMER DEMENTIA (2007)

We read the article by Fischer et al. with interest.1 It has been established that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a syndrome carries a higher risk of progression to dementia particularly in carriers of the apoE4 genotype.2 It is still unclear whether the subtype (amnestic single domain, amnestic plus other domains, nonamnestic) …
Contour-Aware Loss: Boundary-Aware Learning for Salient Object Segmentation (2020)

We present a learning model that makes full use of boundary information for salient object segmentation. Specifically, we come up with a novel loss function, i.e., Contour Loss, which leverages object contours to guide models to perceive salient object boundaries. Such a boundary-aware network can learn boundary-wise distinctions between salient objects and background, hence effectively facilitating the salient object segmentation. Yet the Contour Loss emphasizes the boundaries to capture the contextual details in the local range. We further propose the hierarchical global attention module (HGAM), which forces the model hierarchically to attend to global contexts, thus captures the global visual saliency. Comprehensive experiments on six benchmark datasets show that our method achieves superior performance over state-of-the-art ones. Moreover, our model has a real-time speed of 26 fps on a TITAN X GPU.
Motilin: towards a new understanding of the gastrointestinal neuropharmacology and therapeutic use of motilin receptor agonists (2012)

This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
Finasteride and sexual side effects (2012)

Finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, widely used in the medical management of male pattern hairloss, has been reported to cause sexual side effects. This article critically examines the evidence available and makes recommendations as to how a physician should counsel a patient while prescribing the drug.
Development of rapidly heated and quenched Nb<sub>3</sub>Ga wire (2004)

Nb3Ga wires fabricated by using RHQ (rapid heating and quenching) treatment show Tc = 29.7 K and Bc 2(4.2 K) = 32 T. In addition, Jc for the Nb3Ga phase is very high, comparable to those of practical (Nb,Ti)3Sn and RHQT (rapid heating, quenching, and transforming)-processed Nb3Al wires in high fields. We measured their Bc 2 and Jc at temperatures between 4.2 and 29.7 K. At 10 K and 16 T, the Nb3Ga wire showed Jc above 100 A mm−2, which indicates that the wire is potentially very attractive as a superconductor for fabricating a high field magnet cooled by a cryocooler. However, the overall Jc of the Nb3Ga wire is relatively small because of the small volume fraction of Nb3Ga phase in the wire. We tried performing the RHQ treatment at higher temperatures; this resulted in a twofold increase in the overall Jc.
80 Gb/s optical quadrature phase shift keying modulation using an integrated LiNbO<inf>3</inf> modulator (2006)

We demonstrated 80 Gb/s optical differential quadrature-shift-keying modulation, by using a single-chip integrated LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> modulator with two sub Mach-Zehnder interferometers, where 40 Gb/s in-phase and quadrature data were, simultaneously, fed to the modulator.
Efficient Synthesis of 2-Modified 1α,25-Dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D<sub>3</sub>with Julia Olefination:  High Potency in Induction of Differentiation on HL-60 Cells (2003)

Six novel 2-substituted analogues of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3), 6a,b-8a,b, were efficiently synthesized utilizing (-)-quinic acid as the A-ring precursor. The C2-modified A-rings were prepared as 4-alkylated (3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexanones 12-15 from (-)-quinic acid based on radical allylation at the C4 position of methyl (-)-quinicate. The new type of the CD-ring coupling partner 23 was synthesized from 25-hydroxy Grundmann's ketone 19 to apply to the modified Julia olefination to construct a diene unit between the A-ring and the CD-ring. The coupling yields, including a deprotection step, were 47-62%. After the separation of the diastereomers based on C2 stereochemistry, the structure (2alpha or 2beta) was determined by (1)H NMR experiments and compared to DeLuca's 2-methyl- and 2-ethyl-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3). Thus, the synthesized 2alpha-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (8a) showed almost the same potency in binding to the bovine thymus vitamin D receptor (VDR) as the natural hormone 1, while its beta-isomer 8b had only a 3% affinity. Both 2alpha-allyl- and 2alpha-propyl-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (6a and 7a) and their 2beta-analogues (6b and 7b) possessed a weak affinity for the VDR. The strong VDR ligand 8a was ca. 36-fold more potent in induction of HL-60 cell differentiation than 1, and interestingly, even the weaker ligand 8b showed a 6.7-fold higher potency in the cell differentiation activity than that of 1.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of optimizations in a JavaTM Just‐In‐Time compiler (2000)

The Java language incurs a runtime overhead for exception checks and object accesses, which are executed without an interior pointer in order to ensure safety. It also requires type inclusion test, dynamic class loading, and dynamic method calls in order to ensure flexibility. A ‘Just-In-Time’ (JIT) compiler generates native code from Java byte code at runtime. It must improve the runtime performance without compromising the safety and flexibility of the Java language. We designed and implemented effective optimizations for a JIT compiler, such as exception check elimination, common subexpression elimination, simple type inclusion test, method inlining, and devirtualization of dynamic method call. We evaluate the performance benefits of these optimizations based on various statistics collected using SPECjvm98, its candidates, and two JavaSoft applications with byte code sizes ranging from 23 000 to 280 000 bytes. Each optimization contributes to an improvement in the performance of the programs. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.