gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Metabolism of Human and Rabbit Erythrocytes (1962)

Abstract A modification of the magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation method for the determination of serum magnesium was devised to determine the magnesium content of erythrocytes. The concentration of magnesium in the red cells of healthy hospital personnel was 4.67 ± 0.92 mEq./L. An increase in erythrocyte magnesium concentration was observed in patients with reticulocytosis. Experimental production of reticulocytosis by the administration of phenylhydrazine to rabbits confirmed these clinical observations. No significant in vitro uptake of Mg28 from the suspending medium occurred in mature human erythrocytes or in mature or immature erythrocytes from rabbits. The relative tissue uptake of Mg28 in the bone marrow was significantly increased in animals in whom anemia and marked reticulocytosis were produced by phenylhydrazine. Relative activity was decreased in the hearts, spleens, and kidneys of these animals. Since there is no evidence for significant exchange of magnesium in immature or mature erythrocytes in the peripheral circulation, it is concluded that the magnesium content of erythrocytes is increased in the bone marrow prior to their release into the peripheral circulation.
Light-Controlled Shrinkage of Large-Area Gold Nanoparticle Monolayer Film for Tunable SERS Activity (2018)

The two-dimensional (2D) monolayer gold nanoparticle (Au NP) film is of significant interest and importance in both fundamental and practical applications including optoelectronic devices, sensing, catalysis, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Because of the weak physical interaction, the conventional monolayer Au NP film fabricated at the oil–water interface was unstable, easily breakable, and difficultly transferred. In the present work, we report on a simple and effective chemical cross-linking strategy at the air–water interface to achieve a large-scale monolayer gold nanoparticle film with intelligently tunable size of nanogaps, and excellent free-standing and easily transferable properties. In our strategy, acrylamide, a polymerizable molecule, was first modified on the surface of Au NPs for subsequent self-assembly into a monolayer film at the liquid–liquid interface. Through photopolymerization of acrylamide, a chemically cross-linked film was formed with closely packed nanoparticles, highly macroscopic uniformity, and excellent free-standing property, which allowed it to be easily transferred from the air–water interface onto various solid substrates while maintaining its integrity. It is interesting to find that the macroscopic film underwent an in situ shrinkage under irradiation of UV-light, and its area shrinkage ratio is close to 55% (equal to 2.2 times) of that from non-cross-linked counterparts. More importantly, UV-light-controlled in situ shrinkage of the Au NP film would lead to intelligently, precisely tuned nanogaps less than 0.5 nm between neighboring Au NPs for maximal amplification of SERS signals, and the macroscopic uniformity of the films ensured the reproducible performance of SERS signals, providing an ideal candidate for SERS applications.
Thermoelectric Properties of Homologous Compounds in the ZnO–In <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> System (1996)

Homologous compounds of (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 (m = integer) with layered structures were synthesized by reaction‐sintering a mixed powder of ZnO and In 2 O 3 at 1823 K for 2 h in air, and their thermoelectric properties, i.e., electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, were measured at 500 to 1100 K. Their thermoelectric figure of merit depended on the composition, and an optimum value of m apparently existed giving the largest figure of merit.
An On-Line Technique for the Determination of the δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>17</sup>O of Gaseous and Dissolved Oxygen (1999)

Few studies have used the stable isotopic composition of O(2) as a tracer of gas transport or biogeochemical processes in environmental research. Here we demonstrate field sampling techniques for gaseous and dissolved O(2) and describe an analytical method for measuring δ(18)O and δ(17)O values of O(2) in air, soil gas, and water samples using continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS). A Micromass CF-IRMS was altered to accommodate a sample gas injection port prior to a CO(2) and H(2)O trap and GC column. The GC column was a 1-m, 5-Å molecular sieve column held at 35 °C. The resolved sample O(2) was introduced to the IRMS via an open split. δ(18)O and δ(17)O values were determined by measurement of O(2) isotopes at m/z 34/32 and 33/32 and comparison to a reference pulse of O(2). Repeated injections of atmospheric oxygen yielded a repeatability (±SD) of ±0.17‰ for δ(18)O and ±0.5‰ for δ(17)O. IRMS source linearity was excellent for O(2) over a sample size range of 60-400 μL. The smallest sample for routine δ(18)O and δ(17)O determinations was ∼80 μL of O(2), with a sample analysis time of 180 s. Preliminary results from a riverine and soil gas study illustrate natural oxygen isotope fractionation processes.
1.6 Tbit/s (40/spl times/42.7 Gbit/s) transmission over 3600 km UltraWave/spl trade/ fiber with all-Raman amplified 100 km terrestrial spans using ETDM transmitter and receiver (2002)

We demonstrate error free transmission of 40/spl times/40 Gbit/s over a record distance of 36/spl times/100 km UltraWave/spl trade/ dispersion managed fiber with all-Raman amplification and 100 GHz channel spacing. CS-RZ modulation and 43 Gbit/s ETDM transmitter and receiver are used.
Optical excitation of zigzag carbon nanotubes with photons guided in nanofibers (2012)

We consider the excitation of electrons in semiconducting carbon nanotubes by photons from the evanescent field created by a subwavelength-diameter optical fiber. The strongly changing evanescent field of such nanofibers requires dropping the dipole approximation. We show that this leads to novel effects, especially a high dependence of the photon absorption on the relative orientation and geometry of the nanotube-nanofiber setup in the optical and near-infrared domain. In particular, we calculate photon absorption probabilities for a straight nanotube and nanofiber depending on their relative angle. Nanotubes orthogonal to the fiber are found to perform much better than parallel nanotubes when they are short. As the nanotube gets longer the absorption of parallel nanotubes is found to exceed the orthogonal nanotubes and approach 100% for extremely long nanotubes. In addition, we show that if the nanotube is wrapped around the fiber in an appropriate way the absorption is enhanced. We find that optical and near-infrared photons could be converted to excitations with efficiencies that may exceed 90%. This may provide opportunities for future photodetectors and we discuss possible setups.
Sensor-Based Assistive Devices for Visually-Impaired People: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions (2017)

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there are 285 million visuallyimpaired people worldwide. Among these individuals, there are 39 million who are totally blind. There have been several systems designed to support visually-impaired people and to improve the quality of their lives. Unfortunately, most of these systems are limited in their capabilities. In this paper, we present a comparative survey of the wearable and portable assistive devices for visuallyimpaired people in order to show the progress in assistive technology for this group of people. Thus, the contribution of this literature survey is to discuss in detail the most significant devices that are presented in the literature to assist this population and highlight the improvements, advantages, disadvantages, and accuracy. Our aim is to address and present most of the issues of these systems to pave the way for other researchers to design devices that ensure safety and independent mobility to visually-impaired people.
A universal encoding scheme for MIMO transmission using a single active element for PSK modulation schemes (2009)

A universal scheme for encoding multiple symbol streams using a single driven element (and consequently a single radio frequency (RF) frontend) surrounded by parasitic elements (PE) loaded with variable reactive loads, is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on creating a MIMO system by expanding the far-field of a compact parasitic array into an orthogonal set of angular functions (basis). Independent information streams are encoded by means of angular variations of the far-field in the wavevector domain, rather than spatial variations as usually happens in conventional MIMO systems. The array can spatially multiplex the input streams by creating all the desired linear combinations (for a given modulation scheme) of the basis functions. The desired combinations are obtained by projecting the ratio of the symbols to be spatially multiplexed on the ratio of the basis functions' weights (complex coefficients), which is a function of the currents induced on the PE within the antenna domain, and controlled by the independent reactive loadings.
High co-expression of the SDF1/CXCR4 axis in hepatocarcinoma cells is regulated by AnnexinA7 in vitro and in vivo (2018)

High co-expression of SDF1/CXCR4 is a molecular characteristic of hepatocarcinoma cells, especially those with high lymphatic metastatic potential. AnnexinA7 positively regulates expression levels of SDF1/CXCR4, in particular CXCR4, and AnnexinA7 is a functional regulator of SDF1/CXCR4.
Fabrication and Characterization of Citric Acid-Modified Starch Nanoparticles/Plasticized-Starch Composites (2008)

Starch nanoparticles (SN) were prepared by delivering ethanol as the precipitant into starch-paste solution dropwise. Citric acid (CA) modified SN (CASN) were fabricated with the dry preparation technique. According to the characterization of CASN with Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, rapid visco analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), amorphous CASN could not be gelatinized in hot water because of the cross-linking, and most of CASN ranged in size from about 50 to 100 nm. The nanocomposites were also prepared using CASN as the filler in glycerol plasticized-pea starch (GPS) matrix by the casting process. SEM revealed that CASN was dispersed evenly in the GPS matrix. As shown in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the introduction of CASN could improve the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of CASN/GPS composites. The tensile yield strength and Young's modulus increased from 3.94 to 8.12 MPa and from 49.8 to 125.1 MPa, respectively, when the CASN contents varied from 0 to 4 wt %. Moreover, the values of water vapor permeability decreased from 4.76 x 10(-10) to 2.72 x 10(-10) g m(-1) s(-1) Pa(-1). The improvement of these properties could be attributed to the good interaction between CASN filler and GPS matrix. The comprehensive application of green chemistry principles were demonstrated in the preparation of CASN and CASN/GPS composites.
High Stability Er-Doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source Improved by Incorporating Bandpass Filter (2010)

A Faraday rotator mirror incorporating a Gaussian bandpass filter was used as the reflected end of an Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source to improve its mean wavelength thermal stability. Several different filters were modeled in this fiber source system, and the optimal central wavelength was chosen to be 1558 nm with the bandwidth of 15 nm. With a Faraday rotator mirror incorporating such a filter in an Er-doped fiber source, the mean wavelength variation was measured to be 8 ppm from -40°C to 60°C . The bandwidth reached 16 nm. The pump power was 70 mW at 974.2 nm and the output power reached 18 mW with 6-m Er-doped fiber.
Reflection on Teaching: Types and Goals of Reflection (2004)

We describe an elaboration of an empirical cognitive model of reflection (McAlpine, Weston, Beauchamp, Wiseman, & Beauchamp, 1999). Specifically, we explain 2 fundamental constructs in the model that were previously less well understood: goal and type of reflection.
Cosmic Evolution of a Sample of Infrared Luminous Galaxies (1993)

A sample of faint, southern-hemisphere 60 μm sources\n(f_(60) > 100mJy) detected as part of the IRAS Additional Observations has been used, in conjunction with CCD imaging, to produce a list of faint infrared galaxies. Redshifts of this sample of galaxies can be compared\nwith model predictions for several evolutionary scenarios; the comparisons show an excess of galaxies at higher redshifts (z > 0.1) compared with the predictions of models which assume no evolution of the infrared-galaxy luminosity function.
Electro-optic effects in a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture (1989)

Abstract Recently Ferroelectric chiral smectic (SmC*) liquid crystals have attracted significant attention because of their possible applications as high speed switching devices.l Another electro-optic effect2 was realised by Yoshino and Ozaki in rather a thick cell, which has been termed as transient scattering mode. In the actual use of the liquid crystals, two or three compounds are generally mixed to form a new compound to suit the required conditions, viz., (1) high stability and long life, (2) large spontaneous polarization, (3) ferroelectricity at around room temperature and so on. An attempt has been made to study the electro-optic properties in a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture, FCS101, which has a smectic C* phase in the temperature range 15-55.4°C.
A comparison of trajectory and mixture modeling in segment-based word recognition (1993)

A mechanism for implementing mixtures at a phone-subsegment (microsegment) level for continuous word recognition based on the stochastic segment model (SMM) is presented. The issues that are involved in tradeoffs between the trajectory and mixture modeling in segment-based word recognition are investigated. Experimental results are reported on DAPRA's speaker-independent Resource management corpus. The results obtained suggest that there is a tradeoff in using mixture models and trajectory models, associated with the level of detail of the modeling unit. The results support the use of whole segment models in the context-dependent case, and microsegment-level (and possibly segment-level) mixtures rather than frame-level mixtures.< <ETX>></ETX>
Syntactic methods for negation detection in radiology reports in Spanish (2016)

Identification of the certainty of events is an important text mining problem. In particular, biomedical texts report medical conditions or findings that might be factual, hedged or negated. Identification of negation and its scope over a term of interest determines whether a finding is reported and is a challenging task. Not much work has been performed for Spanish in this domain.
Power decoupling methods for single-phase three-poles AC/DC converters (2009)

This paper presents a new method for power decoupling of single phase AC/DC converters using the conventional PWM H-bridge converter for bi-directional AC/DC conversion at unity power factor, and a boost converter for the power decoupling function at DC side. The proposed method compensates the pulsating power at twice the grid frequency by absorbing the ripple current to a DC decoupling capacitor through the boost converter operation. This approach can eliminate the need of large filter capacitor in DC side which is required to suppress the low frequency ripples. This paper explains the principles of operations of the proposed method, and experimental results are also presented for validation.
Real-time intuitive spectrogram measurement of ultrashort optical pulses using two-photon absorption in a semiconductor (2002)

Real-time acquisition of intuitive spectrograms based on twophoton absorption frequency-resolved optical gating is demonstrated in a wavelength range around 1500 nm using an InP crystal for a two-photon absorption medium. Rapid wavelength-delay scanning, based on a counterrotating spectrometer mirror synchronized with a delay stage, is introduced and incorporated with lock-in detection for the real-time spectrogram acquisition. It is shown that the frequency marginal and average delay time of acquired spectrograms provide the spectral intensity and group delay time of optical pulses under test. This allows the direct and rapid measurement of the magnitude and phase of ultrashort optical pulses in the spectral domain without using pulse retrieval algorithms to reconstruct the pulse shapes.
Estimation of Gaussian process regression model using probability distance measures (2014)

A new class of parameter estimation algorithms is introduced for Gaussian process regression (GPR) models. It is shown that the integration of the GPR model with probability distance measures of (i) the integrated square error and (ii) Kullback–Leibler (K–L) divergence are analytically tractable. An efficient coordinate descent algorithm is proposed to iteratively estimate the kernel width using golden section search which includes a fast gradient descent algorithm as an inner loop to estimate the noise variance. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new identification approaches.
Recyclable Tridentate Stable Palladium(II) PCP‐Type Catalysts Supported on Silica for the Selective Synthesis of Lactones (2004)

Abstract Five‐ or seven‐membered ring lactones are synthesized, in good selectivity and high yields, by the cyclocarbonylation reaction of 2‐allylphenols, using a tridentate diphosphinoaryl ligand (PCP‐type) palladium(II) catalyst immobilized on silica ( A ) and silica supported dendrimers ( B, C and D ). These immobilized catalysts, which are highly active and can be recycled by simple filtration in air, and reused with only moderate loss of activity, combine the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. These complexes are also stable towards oxygen and moisture.
Filler—Elastomer Interactions. Part IX. Performance of Silicas in Polar Elastomers (1993)

Abstract Inverse gas—solid chromatography of silicas showed that the free energies of adsorption of polar probes were much higher than those obtained with n -alkanes. This implies that polymer—silica interaction is more pronounced in polar rubbers than in nonpolar rubbers such as polybutadiene. Using a series of silica and carbon-black-loaded acrylonitnle—butadiene (NBR) compounds with different acrylonitrile (ACN) content, this paper shows the changes in viscoelastic properties of the silica compounds can be attributed to improved polymer—filler interactions relative to the interactions involved in carbon-black compounds.
The Inhibition of the Corrosion of Iron by Some Anodic Inhibitors (1953)

Inhibitors having relatively strong oxidizing anions, such as sodium chromate and nitrite, passivate iron both in the presence of air and in deaerated solutions. Much weaker oxidizing agents such as sodium tungstate and molybdate behave similarly to chromate and nitrite in the presence of air but do not prevent corrosion in deaerated solutions despite the fact that potential/time and polarization curves indicate that slow film formation is occurring. Tungstate ions, however, are effective oxidizing agents toward iron when discharged anodically at high current density.
Narrow vertical beam divergence laser diode based on longitudinal photonic band crystal waveguide (2003)

Narrow (<5°) vertical beam divergence is realised in an InGaAs–AlGaAs double-quantum well edge-emitting laser diode. A multilayer GaAs–AlGaAs structure was used as a waveguide, acting as a longitudinal photonic band crystal and enabling stable fundamental mode operation. Longitudinal mode grouping effect is observed in the lasing spectrum and attributed to the transverse cavity-induced hole-burning effect.
Current crowding in oxide-confined intracavity-contacted VCSELs (2000)

An important problem for intracavity-contacted oxide-confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (ICOC-VCSELs) is current crowding at the inner edges of the oxide current constrictions, which introduces extra losses and leads to excitation of unwanted higher-order transverse modes. We have proposed novel ’asymmetric’ ICOC-VCSELs, where the contact metallisations are restricted to opposite mesa sides, for more homogeneous current injection and polarisation control. Here, results of simple 2D drift-diffusion calculations are presented for symmetric and asymmetric ICOC-VCSELs. Current crowding in our ’asymmetric’ devices is reduced, but depends on the design of the layer structure.
Improving antidepressant drugs: update on recently patented compounds (2009)

We have found that, in general, the preferred targets to develop antidepressants continue to be those aiming the serotoninergic system and, in a less extend, the noradrenergic one; but, more particularly, those that aim several targets are preferred due to problems concerning the efficacy of highly selective drugs. Additionally, a small number of new systems are being targeted, such as the melatonergic. However, when looking at the pharma-market and the antidepressants in the pipeline, a new trend is observed in the developing of dual-action drugs that could be used in depression and schizophrenia therapy.
Auditory guidance with the Navbelt-a computerized travel aid for the blind (1998)

A blind traveler walking through an unfamiliar environment and a mobile robot navigating through a cluttered environment have an important feature in common: both have the kinematic ability to perform the motion, but they are dependent on a sensory system to detect and avoid obstacles. The paper describes the use of a mobile robot obstacle avoidance system as a guidance device for blind and visually impaired people. Just as electronic signals are sent to a mobile robot's motion controllers, auditory signals can guide the blind traveler around obstacles, or alternatively, they can provide an "acoustic image" of the surroundings. The concept has been implemented and tested in a new travel aid for the blind, called the Navbelt. The Navbelt introduces two new concepts to electronic travel aids (ETA's) for the blind: it provides information not only about obstacles along the traveled path, but also assists the user in selecting the preferred travel path. In addition, the level of assistance can be automatically adjusted according to changes in the environment and the user's needs and capabilities. Experimental results conducted with the Navbelt simulator and a portable experimental prototype are presented.
Luminescence and Theoretical Studies of Cu(tripod)X [tripod = 1,1,1‐Tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane; X<sup>–</sup> = Halide, Thiophenolate, Phenylacetylide] (2005)

Abstract Complexes of the type Cu I (tripod)X [tripod = 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane; X – = Br – , I – , PhS – , PhC≡C – ]are phosphorescent in solution and in the solid state ( λ max ≈ 465 nm). Calculations show that the emissive triplet is of mixed MLCT/LLCT character. The emission is facilitated by the rigid tetrahedral structure, which is imposed by the tripod ligand. Accordingly, a distortion towards a square‐planar geometry, which should occur upon MLCT excitation, is prevented. On the other hand, in the triplet state the phenyl substituents of the phosphane ligands undergo a rotation which favours radiationless deactivation. As a result, the emission efficiency is relatively small in solution, but much higher in the solid state owing to the rigidity of the lattice. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)