gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) (short review). (1991)

Human Herpesvirus-6 is the etiological agent of Roseola infantum and approximately 12% of heterophile antibody negative infectious mononucleosis. HHV-6 is T-lymphotropic, and readily infects and lyses CD4+ cells. The prevalence rate of HHV-6 in the general population is about 80% (as measured by IFA) with an IgG antibody titer of 1:80. A lower prevalence, however, is observed in some countries. HHV-6 is reactivated in various malignant and non-malignant diseases as well as in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and transplant patients. Furthermore, elevated antibody titers were also observed in lymphoproliferative disorders, auto-immune diseases and HIV-1 positive AIDS patients. There appears to be some strain variability in HHV-6 isolates. The GS isolates of HHV-6 (prototype) was resistant to Acyclovir, Gancyclovir, but its replication was inhibited by Phosphonoacetic acid and Phosphoformic acid. HHV-7 isolated from healthy individuals showed, by restriction analysis, that 6 out of 11 probes derived from two strains of HHV-6, cross-hybridized with DNA fragments, derived from HHV-7.
Online evaluation of a commercial video image analysis system (Computer Vision System) to predict beef carcass red meat yield and for augmenting the assignment of USDA yield grades. United States Department of Agriculture (2002)

Objective quantification of differences in wholesale cut yields of beef carcasses at plant chain speeds is important for the application of value-based marketing. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a commercial video image analysis system, the Computer Vision System (CVS) to 1) predict commercially fabricated beef subprimal yield and 2) augment USDA yield grading, in order to improve accuracy of grade assessment. The CVS was evaluated as a fully installed production system, operating on a full-time basis at chain speeds. Steer and heifer carcasses (n = 296) were evaluated using CVS, as well as by USDA expert and online graders, before the fabrication of carcasses into industry-standard subprimal cuts. Expert yield grade (YG), online YG, CVS estimated carcass yield, and CVS measured ribeye area in conjunction with expert grader estimates of the remaining YG factors (adjusted fat thickness, percentage of kidney-pelvic-heart fat, hot carcass weight) accounted for 67, 39, 64, and 65% of the observed variation in fabricated yields of closely trimmed subprimals. The dual component CVS predicted wholesale cut yields more accurately than current online yield grading, and, in an augmentation system, CVS ribeye measurement replaced estimated ribeye area in determination of USDA yield grade, and the accuracy of cutability prediction was improved, under packing plant conditions and speeds, to a level close to that of expert graders applying grades at a comfortable rate of speed offline.
Cytoprotective therapies in stroke (1995)

Cytoprotective strategies continue to be intensively investigated in animal models of focal and global ischaemia. New classes of pharmacological agents are still being identified which are effective in reducing the severity of ischaemic damage when administered shortly after the ischaemia. Many such agents reduce neuronal activity and decrease sodium and calcium entry. Later stages in excitotoxic processes can, however, be affected by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors or free-radical scavengers. Different types of compound have different relative potencies against reversible or permanent focal ischaemia, and mild or complete transient ischaemia. Positive results in clinical trials remain elusive. Trial design is improving; the emphasis is on early initiation of therapy and refined criteria for admission and final evaluation. The results of several current trials are eagerly awaited.
Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and feedingstuffs* (1983)

This paper considers the technical problems associated with the quantitative analysis of mould in foods and feedingstuffs. It seeks to define a philosophy concerning the use of quantitative mycological data in advisory, investigatory and quality assurance situations and stresses the need for quantitative estimates always to be aligned with qualitative assessment of the mycoflora of foods and feedingstuffs.
The block copolymers and polymer blends of nylon 6 with poly(4,4′‐diphenylsulfone terephthalamide). I. Preparation and thermal properties (1989)

Abstract In this study, the flexible nylon 6 was reinforced by the rigid‐chain aromatic polyamide, poly(4,4′‐diphenylsulfone terephthalamide) (PSA). Various high molecular weight block copolyamides were synthesized by solution polymerization using 4,4′‐diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI) or p ‐aminophenylacetic acid ( p ‐APA) as a coupling agent, respectively. Their thermal properties had shown that block copolyamides exhibited higher T g and T m , and better thermal stability, especially those using p ‐APA as a coupling agent. Decrease in thermal stability of block copolyamides based on MDI coupling agent was due to its urea linkage which been explained and proved by the infrared spectra data. On the other hand, the PSA molecules could act as “nucleating agents” among the nylon 6 matrix in the polymer blends, and accelerated the growth rate of crystallization of nylon 6 molecules, even though high molecular weight of PSA was used.
Fully digital adaptive slope equalizer for advanced digital radio systems (2003)

A robust fully digital equalization concept consisting of a slope equalizer and a baudspaced adaptive time domain equalizer was investigated. Applying a decimating control section utilizing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm for the slope equalizer results in a very simple and attractive solution which is well suited for implementation in a VLSI technique. The whole circuit of the adaptive slope equalizer consists of only four multipliers and eight adders. The performance evaluations prove that the high requirements for equalizers, even for a 128 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) system, can be met with the proposed solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereoselective Synthesis of Neu5Acα(2→5)Neu5Gc:  The Building Block of Oligo/Poly(→5-<i>O</i><sub>g</sub><sub>lycolyl</sub>Neu5Gcα2→) Chains in Sea Urchin Egg Cell Surface Glycoprotein (2002)

The synthesis of a sialic acid dimer derivative, Neu5Acalpha(2-->5)Neu5Gc, is described. The synthetic strategy is based on the use of allyl alcohol to achieve an exclusive alpha-sialylation product. The allyloxy group is also a latent glycolic acid that provides the subsequent coupling with neuraminate with minimal protection-deprotection manipulations.
Putative promoter regions of <i>miRNA</i> genes involved in evolutionarily conserved regulatory systems among vertebrates (2007)

We speculate that if specific miRNA molecules are involved in evolutionarily conserved regulatory systems in vertebrates, this would entail a high level of conservation of the promoter of miRNA gene as well as the miRNA molecule. By our current screening of putative promoter regions of miRNA genes (miPPRs) on this base, we identified 59 miPPRs that would direct production of 79 miRNAs. We present both biochemical and bioinformatical verifications of these putative promoters.
Expression of a model peptide of a marine mussel adhesive protein in Escherichia coli and characterization of its structural and functional properties (1999)

An expression system for a chemically synthesized gene, encoding a model peptide of marine mussel adhesive protein, was constructed in Escherichia coli under regulation of the T7-promoter. The model peptide consisted of six repeats of the decapeptide AKPSYPPTYK. Although the product was expressed as an inclusion body, we were able to solubilize it successfully, using acetic acid. The higher-order structure of this model peptide was investigated using CD spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. Using the modified enzyme, mushroom tyrosinase, the tyrosine residue was hydroxylated to 3,4-dihydoxyphenylalanine (Dopa), and the resulting modified peptide was polymerized, solidified, and insolubilized spontaneously. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 729–736, 1999
Efeitos Alelopáticos da Serrapilheira de um Clone do Eucalipto (GERDAU GG100) (2018)

INTRODUCAO: Os sistemas agroflorestais (SAF’s) consistem na integracao de varias culturas no mesmo espaco ao mesmo tempo. Esta integracao pode gerar interferencia benefica ou prejudicial entre estas especies. A essa interferencia denominou-se de alelopatia. Dentre as especies utilizadas nos SAF’s o eucalipto destaca-se por sua utilizacao no consorcio com brachiaria mais conhecida como sistema agrosilvopastoril. Alem deste sistema encontramos na literatura a utilizacao do eucalipto com culturas de olericolas. Um problema recorrente nesse modelo de producao e o controle de plantas daninhas, uma vez que geralmente se usa producao orgânica. OBJETIVO: Investigar os possiveis efeitos alelopaticos da serrapilheira do clone de eucalipto Gerdau GG100 na germinacao de Lactuca sativa, Bidens pilosa e Brachiaria decumbens. METODOLOGIA: O experimento foi conduzido no laboratorio de Fitotecnia da Faculdade Cidade de Coromandel (FCC), localizado no municipio de Coromandel / MG. A serrapilheira utilizada foi coletada na Fazenda Friends localizada no municipio de Patos de Minas / MG, sendo utilizada 20 amostras em uma area de 400m² (20x20cm). Estas amostras foram secas em estufa de circulacao forcada a 30oC. Apos completamente secas foram pesadas para obtencao da materia seca e em seguida trituradas em moinho de faca. Apos triturada foi realizada a distribuicao da serrapilheira com areia esterilizada na proporcao encontrada de materia seca, ou seja, foi estimada a quantidade desta materia por hectare e distribuida uniformemente em uma quantidade equivalente a area do Gerbox. Para o bioensaio foram utililzadas sementes de Brachiaria decumbens (braquiaria), Lactuca sativa (alface) e Bidens pilosa (picao-preto). Estas sementes foram colocadas para germinar em caixas do tipo Gerbox distribuidas em blocos inteiramente causualizados – DIC, colocadas em uma câmara com temperatura e fotoperiodo controlada (B.O.D). A temperatura do ensaio foi de 22 oC e fotoperiodo de 14 horas. Para cada teste foram utilizadas 50 sementes de cada especie. Foram realizados dois tratamentos sendo areia lavada e esterelizada como testemunha e areia com serrapilheira. Cada tratamento constou de 4 repeticoes. Foram observados a germinacao das sementes diariamente ate o 14° dia e no 21° dia apos a semeadura – DAS. Ao final foi realizado o indice de velocidade de emergencia (IVE). Todos os testes foram submetidos a analise de variância (ANOVA) e as medias avaliadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott em nivel de 5% de probabilidade. RESULTADOS: Os dados demonstram que nas sementes testadas houve um incremento na germinacao no tratamento com a serrapilheira em relacao a testemunha. Na avaliacao do IVE ocorreu uma diferenca nas sementes de alface e picao-preto, porem, para braquiaria o resultado nao foi significativo. Assim, o estudo com outras metodologias se faz necessario para averiguar a presenca de efeitos alelopaticos neste clone de eucalipto.
High Notch1 protein expression is an early event in breast cancer development and is associated with the HER‐2 molecular subtype (2010)

These data demonstrate that aberrant Notch regulation is an early event in mammary carcinogenesis and is associated with the HER-2 molecular subtype of breast cancer, and suggest the Notch signalling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target worthy of further investigation.
Abundance of major insect pests and yield loss of cabbage and raddish under mixed cropping. (1990)

1) キャベツとダイコンを2条植えで,1畝ずつ交互に植え付けて,害虫の発生量と発生害虫による減収量について調査した。2) 主要な発生害虫は,ヨトウガ,ハスモンヨトウ,モンシロチョウ,コナガ及びアブラムシ類であったが,1989年秋調査の場合のコナガを除いては,3回の調査を通じて,全ての害虫の発生量が,キャベツに多くダイコンに少なかった。3) キャベツでは,3回共に発生害虫による顕著な減収が生じ,殺虫剤による防除が必要であった。ダイコンでは,ウイルス病の発生のために収量の調査は1回にとどまったが,発生害虫による減収は検出できなかった。
Diclofenac sodium for post‐tonsillectomy pain in children (1988)

Diclofenac sodium was assessed as an analgesic for postoperative pain following paediatric tonsillectomy in a randomised double blind trial. In a comparison made with both a pethidine and a control group diclofenac was shown to be an effective analgesic. No significant difference in analgesic efficacy was demonstrated between the two drugs, although patients who received diclofenac tended to be less drowsy postoperatively than those who received pethidine. There were no significant differences between the two drugs in respect of time to awaken from anaesthesia or incidence of postoperative vomiting.
The Characteristic Pattern of Thioamides in Infrared and Raman Spectra (1978)

A number of simple products, containing the thioamide functional groups, have been investigated in infrared and Raman spectra; from the average appearance and potential energy distribution values, a pattern characteristic for the thioamide groups has been given.
Bloat in Cattle. XVI. Development and Application of Techniques for Selecting Drugs to Prevent Feedlot Bloat (1972)

THE prevention of bloat has been the object of many studies, the majority involving use of surface-active agents or antibiotics. Because feedlot bloat is essentially the frothy type (Meyer and Bartley, 1971), the introduction of synthetic detergents provided an abundance of surfactants that could be tested for froth inhibition in the rumen. However, to test in vivo the multitude of drugs available would be a prohibitive task. This paper describes a three-step program for screening drugs for prevention of feedlot bloat. The first step (Experiment 1) determines the effect of the drug on in vitro froth production, surface tension, relative viscosity, and microbial activity. In this step, 235 drugs were tested. The second step (Experiment 2) consists of administering potential bloat preventives to rumen-fistulated cattle fed a feed-lot bloat-provoking ration. The effect of 54 drugs on in vivo rumen froth production was evaluated. The last step (Experiment 3) in testing the efficacy of a bloat prophylactic was to administer the drug as a feed additive to cattle bloating on an all-concentrate ration.
EIA report for the project of CT1 and CT6 settlement sites (2006)

This environmental assessment for the Hanoi Urban Transport and Development Project, which finances physical works as well as improves and upgrades relevant management systems, describes expected environmental impacts and proposes measures to mitigate them. It suggests setting an acoustic barrier and double-layering the sound-insulated windows and using asphalt as the surface material to control noise and vibrations; controlling traffic and vehicle emissions by reducing the number of vehicles and distancing buildings from the roads; treating industrial sewage using an oil-separating treatment and draining domestic sewage into the municipal sewage pipeline after being treated in cesspools; protecting the trees and the greenbelt area to maintain the aesthetics of the landscape; spraying water to reduce air-borne dust and other emissions; storing construction material and compacting where possible; banning of construction material at sites; washing trucks to clean off dirt before they travel off-site; and notifying cultural authorities of chance archeological finds upon discovery.
A comparison of selectivity estimators for range queries on metric attributes (1999)

In this paper, we present a comparison of nonparametric estimation methods for computing approximations of the selectivities of queries, in particular range queries. In contrast to previous studies, the focus of our comparison is on metric attributes with large domains which occur for example in spatial and temporal databases. We also assume that only small sample sets of the required relations are available for estimating the selectivity. In addition to the popular histogram estimators, our comparison includes so-called kernel estimation methods. Although these methods have been proven to be among the most accurate estimators known in statistics, they have not been considered for selectivity estimation of database queries, so far. We first show how to generate kernel estimators that deliver accurate approximate selectivities of queries. Thereafter, we reveal that two parameters, the number of samples and the so-called smoothing parameter, are important for the accuracy of both kernel estimators and histogram estimators. For histogram estimators, the smoothing parameter determines the number of bins (histogram classes). We first present the optimal smoothing parameter as a function of the number of samples and show how to compute approximations of the optimal parameter. Moreover, we propose a new selectivity estimator that can be viewed as an hybrid of histogram and kernel estimators. Experimental results show the performance of different estimators in practice. We found in our experiments that kernel estimators are most efficient for continuously distributed data sets, whereas for our real data sets the hybrid technique is most promising.
The expression of TGFβ signal transducers in the hypodermis regulates body size in<i>C. elegans</i> (2002)

In C. elegans, a TGFbeta-related signaling pathway regulates body size. Loss of function of the signaling ligand (dbl-1), receptors (daf-4 and sma-6) or Smads (sma-2, sma-3 and sma-4) results in viable, but smaller animals because of a reduction in postembryonic growth. We have investigated the tissue specificity of this pathway in body size regulation. We show that different tissues are reduced in size by different proportions, with hypodermal blast cell size most closely proportional to body size. We show that SMA-3 Smad is expressed in pharynx, intestine and hypodermis, as has been previously reported for the type I receptor SMA-6. Furthermore, we find that SMA-3::GFP is nuclear localized in all of these tissues, and that nuclear localization is enhanced by SMA-6 activity. Interestingly, SMA-3 protein accumulation was found to be negatively regulated by the level of Sma/Mab pathway activity. Using genetic mosaic analysis and directed expression of SMA-3, we find that SMA-3 activity in the hypodermis is necessary and sufficient for normal body size. As dbl-1 is expressed primarily in the nervous system, these results suggest a model in which postembryonic growth of hypodermal cells is regulated by TGFbeta-related signaling from the nervous system to the hypodermis.
The effects of training in the detection of lying (2012)

The paper presents the study aimed mainly at determining the effects of training on successful detection of lying, i.e. it aims to answer whether education can ensure better, higher accuracy in the detection of lying than it is evident in general population. In a sample of 60 subjects of both sexes, aged 23-25, we used the questionnaire for rapid assessment of verbal and nonverbal behavior, which consists of a list of forms of verbal and nonverbal behaviors, combined with the incidence scale. The respondents' task was to assess whether the subjects in the recorded interviews were telling the truth or lying and they were asked to make assessments before and after training in the detection of lying. The research results showed that the effect of training was significant (p= 0.01), i.e. the estimation accuracy after training was significantly greater than it had been before training. An analysis of objective signs in case of false and true statement identifies significant differences in the behaviour of 'actors' that is evident in the presence of non-verbal - vocal behaviors associated with the cognitive problem as well as verbal behavior regarding to general statements and characteristic content of statement. Regarding the correlation between the estimation accuracy and subjective estimation of non-verbal and verbal signs before training, research results show that the estimation of frequency of non-verbal, unlike that of verbal, behavior is significantly related to the estimation accuracy. As for the correlation between the estimation accuracy and subjective estimation of non-verbal and verbal signs after training, the results indicate that the respondents who tended to rely more on verbal behavior, i.e. those who adhered to the directions presented to them during the training in the detection of lying, were more successful.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCYCLIC SYSTEMS. PART 19. SYNTHESIS OF 8‐ISOBUTYL‐10‐METHYL‐11H‐INDENO(2,1‐A)PHENANTHRENE (SECOND DIELS HYDROCARBON) A MINOR DEHYDROGENATION PRODUCT OF CHOLESTEROL (1980)

Abstract Die Synthese des mit dem 2. Diels‐Kohlenwasserstoff, C 26 H 24 identischen Phenanthrens (IV) wird beschrieben.
Development of a<sup>32</sup>P-Postlabeling Method for the Detection of 1,<i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-Propanodeoxyguanosine Adducts of 2-Hexenal in Vivo (1999)

2-Hexenal is an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound which forms cyclic 1,N2-propano adducts in vitro. The adduct formation in vivo was not reported by others to date. Because this type of adduct is considered promutagenic (2-hexenal is actually mutagenic and genotoxic) and humans are permanently exposed to this compound via vegetarian food, 2-hexenal may play a role in carcinogenicity. To improve the cancer risk assessment, we developed a new 32P-postlabeling technique for this compound and optimized the different steps of the postlabeling procedure. The results of the postlabeling methods are shown. A labeling efficiency of 35%, a recovery of 10% for the synthesized standards, and a detection limit of three 2-hexenal adducts per 10(8) nucleotides was achieved. After gavage of 500 mg/kg of body weight to male Fischer 344 rats, the respective DNA adducts were detected in rat liver DNA. With this study, we demonstrate in vivo adduct formation of 2-hexenal for the first time. Highest adduct levels were found 2 days after gavage, and after 4 days, the level was even higher than after 1 day. No adducts were detected 8 h after gavage. The respective adducts could not be found as a background in tissues of untreated rats or in calf thymus DNA at the limit of detection.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent RGD Peptides for Optical Imaging of Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>Expression in Living Mice (2005)

Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging is a powerful technique for studying diseases at the molecular level in preclinical models. We recently reported that monomeric RGD peptide c(RGDyK) conjugated to the NIR fluorescent dye specifically targets integrin receptor both in cell culture and in living subjects. In this report, Cy5.5-conjugated mono-, di-, and tetrameric RGD peptides were evaluated in a subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft model in order to investigate the effect of multimerization of RGD peptide on integrin avidity and tumor targeting efficacy. The binding affinities of Cy5.5-conjugated RGD monomer, dimer, and tetramer for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expressed on U87MG cell surface were determined to be 42.9 +/- 1.2, 27.5 +/- 1.2, and 12.1 +/- 1.3 nmol/L, respectively. All three peptide-dye conjugates had integrin specific uptake both in vitro and in vivo. The subcutaneous U87MG tumor can be clearly visualized with each of these three fluorescent probes. Among them, tetramer displayed highest tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue ratio from 0.5 to 4 h postinjection. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratio for Cy5.5-conjugated RGD monomer, dimer, and tetramer were found to be 3.18 +/- 0.16, 2.98 +/- 0.05, and 3.63 +/- 0.09, respectively, at 4 h postinjection. These results suggest that Cy5.5-conjugated monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric RGD peptides are all suitable for integrin expression imaging. The multmerization of RGD peptide results in moderate improvement of imaging characteristics of the tetramer, compared to that of the monomer and dimeric counterparts.