gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-Optical Wavelength Conversion by Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2008)

Wavelength division multiplexed optical communication systems will soon become an integral part of commercial optical networks. A crucial new function required in WDM networks is wavelength conversion, the spectral translation of information-laden optical carriers, which enhances wavelength routing options and greatly improves network reconfigurability. One of several techniques for implementing this function is four-wave mixing utilizing ultra-fast intraband nonlinearities in semicondutor optical amplifiers. The effects of input power, noise prefiltering and semiconductor optical amplifier length on the conversion efficiency and optical signal-to-noise ratio were examined. Systems experiments have been conducted in which several important performance characteristics of the wavelength converter were studied. A bit-error-rate performance of < 10-9 at 10 Gb/s was achieved for a record shift of 18 nm down in wavelength and 10 nm up in wavelength. Two cascaded conversions spanning a 40 km fiber link at 10 Gb/s are also demonstrated for conversions of up to 9 nm down and up in wavelength. The dynamic range of input signal power and its impact on the BER performance were studied at 2.5 Gb/s for both a single-channel conversion and a simultaneous 2-channel conversion. The crosstalk penalty induced by parasitic cross-gain modulation in 2-channel conversion is quantified. The spectral inversion which results from the conversion process is studied by time-resolved spectral analysis, and its application as a technique for dispersion compensation is demonstrated. Finally, the application of selective organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy for the formation of highly-uniform and densely-packed arrays of GaAs quantum dots is demonstrated. GaAs dots of 15-20 nm in base diameter and 8-10 nm in height terminated by slow-growth crystallographic planes were grown within dielectric-mask openings and characterized by atomic force microscopy.
Self-Assembled CuO Monocrystalline Nanoarchitectures with Controlled Dimensionality and Morphology (2006)

Two-dimensional (2D) CuO layered oval nanosheets and three-dimensional (3D) nanoellipsoids were grown on a large scale at ∼65 °C by a facile template-free method. Shape and dimensionality control of well-defined CuO single crystals could be achieved by simple variations of pH value. At pH 8.5, CuO nanosheets were obtained, whereas at pH 7.5, CuO nanoellipsoids were formed. XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM were used to characterize the products. The growth mechanisms were discussed by monitoring the early growth stages. It was shown that the CuO nanoarchitectures were formed through oriented attachment of tiny single-crystal nanoribbons and nanoparticles. UV−vis spectra were employed to estimate the band gap energies of the nanosized semiconductors. Further control experiments involving changing the growth temperature and alkaline reactant were also carried out to prepare other ultrafine nanoarchitectures. Our work demonstrates the growth of single-crystal CuO architectures built from 0D and 1D nanocrystals through a one-step solution-phase chemical route under controlled conditions.
Catalytic radical reduction in aqueous solution <i>via</i> oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols (2016)

Metalloenzymes that normally perform catalytic antioxidant or radical-degrading functions, as well as small-molecule complexes that mimic them, can also exert pro-oxidant or radical-forming effects depending on the identity of the terminal reductant. Because nitroxyl radicals function as redox active cocatalysts in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols, we hypothesized that catalytic radical reduction could be achieved <i>via</i> the oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols. Herein we report an organoruthenium complex (<b>Ru1</b>) that catalyzed reduction of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical monoanion (ABTS˙<sup>-</sup>) to ABTS<sup>2-</sup> in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) using MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, serine, threonine, glucose, arabinose, methyl lactate or dimethyl malate as the terminal reductant. Replacing either the C-H or O-H groups of a -CHOH- moiety resulted in the loss of ABTS˙<sup>-</sup> reducing ability. Moreover, in conjunction with an alcohol terminal reductant, <b>Ru1</b> was able to inhibit the oxidation of ABTS<sup>2-</sup> by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and horseradish peroxidase, even after multiple successive challenges with excess H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or ABTS˙<sup>-</sup>. Collectively, these results demonstrate that <b>Ru1</b> inhibits the oxidative formation of and catalyzes the reduction of radicals in aqueous solution <i>via</i> oxidation of biologically-relevant alcohols.
Lithium, a Common Drug for Bipolar Disorder Treatment, Regulates Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Processing (2004)

Lithium is one of the most widely used mood-stabilizing agents for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Although the underlying mechanism(s) of this mood stabilizer remains controversial, recent evidence linking lithium to neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects (Choi and Sung (2000) 1475, 225-230; Davies et al. (2000) 351, 95-105) suggests novel benefits of this drug in addition to mood stabilization. Here, we report that both lithium as well as valproic acid (VPA) inhibit beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) production in HEK293 cells stably transfected with Swedish amyloid precursor protein (APP)(751) and in the brains of the PDAPP (APP(V717F)) Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. Both lithium and VPA are known to be glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitors. Our studies reveal that GSK3beta is a potential downstream kinase, which modulates APP processing because inhibition of GSK3 activity by either a dominant negative GSK3beta kinase-deficient construct or GSK3beta antisense oligonucleotide mimics lithium and VPA effects. Moreover, lithium treatment abolished GSK3beta-mediated Abeta increase in the brains of GSK3beta transgenics and reduced plaque burden in the brains of the PDAPP (APP(V717F)) transgenic mice.
Effect of Internal Filtration on Slurry Reactor Performance (1998)

In slurry bubble column reactors, generally small particles (<200 μm) are applied. These particles often introduce a strenuous liquid−solid separation in processes involving liquid-phase products. This operation can be facilitated by performing filtration inside the reactor and thereby utilizing the turbulence induced by rising gas bubbles to keep the filters clean. In previous work it was shown under what conditions in a 3-phase filtration system a cake of solids forms. In the present work the effect of filter cake formation on slurry reactor performance is studied in the regime where the intrinsic chemical kinetics partially determine the conversion rate of the species involved. For this purpose the hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene on Pd/Al2O3 powdered catalyst has been performed in a small-scale reactor. Experimentally observed drops in conversion rate on an increase of permeate flux can mainly be attributed to reduced bulk reactivity caused by cake formation. Chemical reaction in the cake itself increased the conversion rate significantly in the case where a large fraction of the catalyst moved into the cake at high permeate fluxes. Our calculations revealed that hot-spot formation in the cake does not occur for a large number of systems of practical relevance including the present one.
Eye tracking and online search: Lessons learned and challenges ahead (2008)

Abstract This article surveys the use of eye tracking in investigations of online search. Three eye tracking experiments that we undertook are discussed and compared to additional work in this area, revealing recurring behaviors and trends. The first two studies are described in greater detail in Granka, Joachims, & Gay (2004), Lorigo et al. (2006), and Pan et al. (2007), and the third study is described for the first time in this article. These studies reveal how users view the ranked results on a search engine results page (SERP), the relationship between the search result abstracts viewed and those clicked on, and whether gender, search task, or search engine influence these behaviors. In addition, we discuss a key challenge that arose in all three studies that applies to the use of eye tracking in studying online behaviors which is due to the limited support for analyzing scanpaths , or sequences of eye fixations. To meet this challenge, we present a preliminary approach that involves a graphical visualization to compare a path with a group of paths. We conclude by summarizing our findings and discussing future work in further understanding online search behavior with the help of eye tracking.
p57Kip2 Regulates Actin Dynamics by Binding and Translocating LIM-kinase 1 to the Nucleus (2003)

p57Kip2 is the only cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor shown to be essential for mouse embryogenesis. The fact suggests that p57 has a specific role that cannot be compensated by other Cdk inhibitors. LIM-kinase 1 (LIMK-1) is a downstream effector of the Rho family of GTPases that phosphorylates and inactivates an actin depolymerization factor, cofilin, to induce the formation of actin fiber. Here we demonstrate that p57 regulates actin dynamics by binding and translocating LIMK-1 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, which in turn results in a reorganization of actin fiber. The central region of p57, a unique feature among the Cdk inhibitors, and the N-terminal region of LIMK-1, which contains the LIM domains were essential for the interaction. Expression of p57, but not p27Kip1 or a p57 mutant, with a deletion in the central region was shown to induce marked reorganization of actin filament and a translocation of LIMK-1. Our findings indicate p57 may act as a key regulator in embryogenesis by bearing two distinct functions, the regulation of cell cycle through binding to Cdks and the regulation of actin dynamics through binding to LIMK-1, both of which should be important in developmental procedure.
BrachyGUI: an adjunct to an accelerated Monte Carlo photon transport code for patient-specific brachytherapy dose calculations and analysis (2008)

A number of accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) codes have been developed in recent years for brachytherapy applications, one of which is PTRAN_CT. Developed as an extension to the well-benchmarked PTRAN code, PTRAN_CT can be used to perform efficient patient-specific dose calculations. The code can explicitly account for the patient geometry converted from computed-tomography (CT) images, as well as perturbations due to the brachytherapy applicator and seeds. We have developed a software tool called BrachyGUI that provides an integrated environment for preparing patient and treatment plan-specific input data files for PTRAN_CT. It also comes with dose calculation, analysis, and treatment planning capabilities. In this article, we will describe the interface of BrachyGUI with PTRAN_CT for CT-based calculations, and examine the calculation efficiency of PTRAN_CT. We conclude that it is now feasible to use PTRAN_CT for high dose rate brachytherapy treatment planning on a routine clinical basis.
Morphological Changes as Drug Elutes from Biodegradable Coatings (2007)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
Further mapping of an ataxia-telangiectasia locus to the chromosome 11q23 region. (1990)

We recently mapped the gene for ataxia-telangiectasia group A (ATA) to chromosome 11q22-23 by linkage analysis, using the genetic markers THY1 and pYNB3.12 (D11S144). The most likely order was cent-AT-S144-THY1. The present paper describes further mapping of the AT locus by means of a panel of 10 markers that span approximately 60 cM in the 11q22-23 region centered around S144 and THY1. Location scores indicate that three contiguous subsegments within the [S144-THY1] segment, as well as three contiguous segments telomeric to THY1, are each unlikely to contain the AT locus, while the more centromeric [STMY-S144] segment is most likely to contain the AT locus. These data, together with recent refinements in the linkage and physical maps of 11q22-23, place the AT locus at 11q23.
Bayesian face recognition with deformable image models (2002)

We propose a novel representation for characterizing image differences using a deformable technique for obtaining pixel-wise correspondences. This representation, which is based on a deformable 3D mesh in XYI-space, is then experimentally compared with two related correspondence methods: optical flow and intensity differences. Furthermore, we make use of a probabilistic similarity measure for direct image matching based on a Bayesian analysis of image variations. We model two classes of variation in facial appearance: intra-personal and extra-personal. The probability density function for each class is estimated from training data and used to compute a similarity measure based on the a posteriori probabilities. The performance advantage of our deformable probabilistic matching technique is demonstrated using 1700 faces from the USA Army's "FERET" face database.
A domain-independent semantic tagger for the study of meaning associations in English text (2001)

A comparison of semantic tagging with syntactic Part-of-Speech tagging leads us to propose that a domain-independent semantic tagger for English corpora should not aim to annotate each word with an atomic 'sem-tag', but instead that a semantic tagging should attach to each word a set of semantic primitive attributes or features. These features should include: - lemma or root, grouping together inflected and derived forms of the same lexical item; - broad subject categories where applicable; - selectional restrictions; - a meaning definition, stated in terms of a restricted Defining Vocabulary, and processed to remove stoplist-words and repetitions. A semantic tagger meeting this description can be derived from the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, if combined with a robust lemmatiser; allowing automated semantic tagging of large English corpora such as LOB and BNC.
Efficient and tumble similar set retrieval (2001)

Set value attributes are a concise and natural way to model complex data sets. Modern Object Relational systems support set value attributes and allow various query capabilities on them. In this paper we initiate a formal study of indexing techniques for set value attributes based on similarity, for suitably defined notions of similarity between sets. Such techniques are necessary in modern applications such as recommendations through collaborative filtering and automated advertising. Our techniques are probabilistic and approximate in nature. As a design principle we create structures that make use of well known and widely used data structuring techniques, as a means to ease integration with existing infrastructure. We show how the problem of indexing a collection of sets based on similarity can be reduced to the problem of indexing suitably encoded (in a way that preserves similarity) binary vectors in Hamming space thus, reducing the problem to one of similarity query processing in Hamming space. Then, we introduce and analyze two data structure primitives that we use in cooperation to perform similarity query processing in a Hamming space. We show how the resulting indexing technique can be optimized for properties of interest by formulating constraint optimization problems based on the space one is willing to devote for indexing. Finally we present experimental results from a prototype implementation of our techniques using real life datasets exploring the accuracy and efficiency of our overall approach as well as the quality of our solutions to problems related to the optimization of the indexing scheme.
(1α,2β,3β,4α)-1,2-Bis[[<i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-(4-phen- oxybenzyl)amino]carbonyl]cyclobutane- 3,4-dicarboxylic Acid (A-87049):  A Novel Potent Squalene Synthase Inhibitor (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXT(1α,2β,3β,4α)-1,2-Bis[[N-propyl-N-(4-phen- oxybenzyl)amino]carbonyl]cyclobutane- 3,4-dicarboxylic Acid (A-87049): A Novel Potent Squalene Synthase InhibitorAnthony K. L. Fung, William R. Baker, Steven Fakhoury, Herman H. Stein, Jerry Cohen, Bernard G. Donner, David S. Garvey, Kenneth P. Spina, and Saul H. RosenbergView Author Information Aging and Degenerative Diseases Research, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 14, 2123–2125Publication Date (Web):July 4, 1997Publication History Received30 January 1997Published online4 July 1997Published inissue 1 July 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm970058xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm970058xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cholesterol,Inhibition,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Plasma Get e-Alerts
The problem of how and why proteins adopt folded conformations (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe problem of how and why proteins adopt folded conformationsThomas E. CreightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 12, 2452–2459Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100258a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100258a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultrathin oxide films and interfaces for electronics and spintronics (2011)

Oxides have become a key ingredient for new concepts of electronic devices. To a large extent, this is due to the profusion of new physics and novel functionalities arising from ultrathin oxide films and at oxide interfaces. We present here a perspective on selected topics within this vast field and focus on two main issues. The first part of this review is dedicated to the use of ultrathin films of insulating oxides as barriers for tunnel junctions. In addition to dielectric non-magnetic epitaxial barriers, which can produce tunneling magnetoresistances in excess of a few hundred percent, we pay special attention to the possibility of exploiting the multifunctional character of some oxides in order to realize ‘active’ tunnel barriers. In these, the conductance across the barrier is not only controlled by the bias voltage and/or the electrodes magnetic state, but also depends on the barrier ferroic state. Some examples include spin-filtering effects using ferro- and ferrimagnetic oxides, and the possibility of realizing hysteretic, multi-state junctions using ferroelectric barriers. The second part of this review is devoted to novel states appearing at oxide interfaces. Often completely different from those of the corresponding bulk materials, they bring about novel functionalities to be exploited in spintronics and electronics architectures. We review the main mechanisms responsible for these new properties (such as magnetic coupling, charge transfer and proximity effects) and summarize some of the most paradigmatic phenomena. These include the formation of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases at the interface between insulators, the emergence of superconductivity (or ferromagnetism) at the interface between non-superconducting (or non-ferromagnetic) materials, the observation of magnetoelectric effects at magnetic/ferroelectric interfaces or the effects of the interplay and competing interactions at all-oxide ferromagnetic/superconducting interfaces. Finally, we link up the two reviewed research fields and emphasize that the tunneling geometry is particularly suited to probe novel interface effects at oxide barrier/electrode interfaces. We close by giving some directions toward tunneling devices exploiting novel oxide interfacial phenomena.
Quantitative Analysis of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers by Mass Spectra of Their Pyrolyzates (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative Analysis of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers by Mass Spectra of Their PyrolyzatesEttore. Bua and Piero. ManaresiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 12, 2022–2024Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60156a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts