gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separating DNA sequencing fragments without a sieving matrix (1999)

The possibility of separating appropriately labeled DNA fragments using free-flow capillary electrophoresis was predicted a few years ago based on simple theoretical arguments. Free-flow separation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments in the 100-1000 base range was later demonstrated using a streptavidin label. In this article, we now report that end-labeled free-flow electrophoresis (ELFSE) can also be used to sequence single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The first 100 bases of a DNA sequencing reaction were read without any sieving matrix when fractionated streptavidin was added to the 5'-end of the ssDNA fragments. These separations required only 18 min and did not require coated capillaries. An analysis of the results indicates that sample injection, analyte-wall interactions and thermal diffusion are the limiting factors at this time. Extrapolating from our data, we predict that several hundred bases could be sequenced in less than 30 min with the proper conditions. ELFSE thus offers an attractive potential alternative to polymer solutions for DNA sequencing in capillaries and microchips.
The Wittgenstein Collection of the Austrian National Library (2014)

The article gives an owerviev of the large collection of Wittgenstein originals kept in the Austrian National Library, which contains manuscripts like Mss 105, 106, 107, 112, 113 and 142, typescripts like Tss 203 and 204 letters and other documents like correspondence and photos of the Wittgenstein family.
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein isoforms in Brassicaceae oilseeds (2000)

De novo fatty acid biosynthesis occurs predominantly in plastids. The committed step for this pathway is the production of malonyl-CoA catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). In most plants, plastidial ACCase is a multisubunit complex minimally comprised of four polypeptides, which catalyse two reactions. In the simple oilseed plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, two cDNAs encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) isoforms have been identified. The remaining three subunits of ACCase appear to be single gene members in A. thaliana [Mekhedov, Martinez de Ilarduya and Ohlrogge (2000) Plant Physiol. 122, 389-401]. Transcript and protein analyses indicate that BCCP isoform 1 is constitutively expressed while isoform 2 is predominantly expressed in developing seeds. The apparent masses of constitutive and seed-enriched BCCP isoforms agree with the apparent masses of recombinantly expressed isoforms 1 and 2, respectively. In a related oilseed, Brassica napus, multiple putative BCCP polypeptides were also observed in developing seeds. The presence of a divergent class of BCCP genes in A. thaliana and B. napus, coincident with appropriately sized biotin-containing proteins expressed specifically in developing seeds, suggests that these BCCPs play an evolutionarily conserved role in oil deposition.
[Relation between vascular endothelial growth factor and lung cancer]. (2005)

许多研究表明，新生毛细血管的形成对原发实体肿瘤细胞的增殖和生长是必不可少的，也是肿瘤侵袭转移的必须条件。同时，肿瘤的淋巴转移也是影响许多实体肿瘤发生、进展的一个重要因素。近年来的许多研究证实，血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)与肺癌新生血管和淋巴管的生长以及生物学行为密切相关。现就VEGF的结构功能特点与肺癌之间的关系分析报告如下。
Knowledge representation model for systems-level analysis of signal transduction networks. (2004)

A Petri-net based model for knowledge representation has been developed to describe as explicitly and formally as possible the molecular mechanisms of cell signaling and their pathological implications. A conceptual framework has been established for reconstructing and analyzing signal transduction networks on the basis of the formal representation. Such a conceptual framework renders it possible to qualitatively understand the cell signaling behavior at systems-level. The mechanisms of the complex signaling network are explored by applying the established framework to the signal transduction induced by potent proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha The corresponding expert-knowledge network is constructed to evaluate its mechanisms in detail. This strategy should be useful in drug target discovery and its validation.
InAs/GaAs short-period strained-layer superlattices grown on GaAs as quantum confined Stark effect modulators (1992)

We report here the first use of InAs/GaAs short-period strained-layer superlattices as Stark effect modulators. We have observed differential transmission changes as large as 38% with a corresponding change in quantum-well absorption of 0.28 μm−1 at an applied field of 43 kV/cm. The Kramers–Kronig relation predicts a maximum change in the quantum-well index of refraction of 0.019 for a field of 43 kV/cm. There is a unique light-hole feature in the absorption and electroabsorption spectra that is attributed to resonant tunneling in the presence of high internal strain in the InAs layers.
Functional Analysis of a Mouse Brain Elk-Type K<sup>+</sup>Channel (1999)

Members of the Ether à go-go (Eag) K+ channel subfamilies Eag, Erg, and Elk are widely expressed in the nervous system, but their neural functions in vivo remain largely unknown. The biophysical properties of channels from the Eag and Erg subfamilies have been described, and based on their characteristic features and expression patterns, Erg channels have been associated with native currents in the heart. Little is known about the properties of channels from the Elk subfamily. We have identified a mouse gene, Melk2, that encodes a predicted polypeptide with 48% amino acid identity to Drosophila Elk but only 40 and 36% identity with mouse Erg (Merg) and Eag (Meag), respectively. Melk2 RNA appears to be expressed at high levels only in brain tissue. Functional expression of Melk2 in Xenopus oocytes reveals large, transient peaks of current at the onset of depolarization. Like Meag currents, Melk2 currents activate relatively quickly, but they lack the nonsuperimposable Cole-Moore shift characteristic of the Eag subfamily. Melk2 currents are insensitive to E-4031, a class III antiarrhythmic compound that blocks the Human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (HERG) channel and its counterpart in native tissues, IKr. Melk2 channels exhibit inward rectification because of a fast C-type inactivation mechanism, but the slower rate of inactivation and the faster rate of activation results in less inward rectification than that observed in HERG channels. This characterization of Melk currents should aid in identification of native counterparts to the Elk subfamily of channels in the nervous system.
Current SiC Power Device Development, Material Defect Measurements and Characterization at Bosch (2019)

This paper consists of two parts, where the first gives an overview of current power device development on 150 mm 4H silicon carbide (SiC) taking place at Robert Bosch GmbH in Reutlingen. The general process flow is explained and its separation in three distinctive groups, i.e. trench etched metal-oxide semiconductor (Trench-MOS) fabrication, ion implantation and metallization, is motivated. A brief overview, as well as a deeper explanation of three of the most important processes concerning wafer quality for SiC MOS field-effect transistor (MOSFET) power device development is given. These processes include epitaxy, high temperature oxidation, ion implantation, as well as activation of implanted ions. It is also highlighted why established methods and respectively equipment available through previous development and ongoing silicon production can only be used partially.The second part describes the influence of diverse processes on the SiC surface morphology and intrinsic crystal structure. A non-destructive 4H-SiC material characterization method is used for defect analysis in SiC substrates and epitaxial layers. The method at hand for SiC defect detection connects confocal microscopy and ultra-violet photo-luminescence (UV-PL) scanning.These defect measurement methods allow for both a characterization and classification of a wide range of different surface and intrinsic defects respectively in SiC wafer. During these material defect investigations we focus on intrinsic basal-plane dislocations (BPDs), as well as on different types of stacking faults (SFs) and triangular defects.
Real-time lane detection for intelligent vehicles based on monocular vision (2012)

A novel real-time lane detection system which is capable of detecting multiple and curved lanes rapidly is proposed in this paper. Warp Percpective Mapping is used firstly to generate a bird's view which can get rid of the perspective effect. A fast curvilinear structure extraction method is applied in the lane detection sytem to retrieve an accurate set of lane pixels, providing not only the pixels' positions, but also the directions. This feature distinguishes the method which differs from others. An improved Hough Transform is followed to mark the initial lane shapes and locations. After the line refining and extension steps, a fast and robust RANSAC style algorithm is applied to shape the lanes with third degree Bezier Spline fitting. Experiments tested on the video sequences show that the algorithm can detect all multiple lanes in the scene and achieves a high detection rate with a very low time cost. The results analysis is carried out, emphasizing the comparable performance to previous methods.
The Effects of Back Rake and Side Rake Angles on Mechanical Specific Energy of Single PDC Cutters with Selected Rocks at Varying Depth of Cuts and Confining Pressures (2012)

Abstract One of the key objectives within the drilling industry is optimizing rate of penetration (ROP) and a major contributor to obtaining this objective is the PDC bit design. Whilst previous papers have proven that the PDC cutting structure geometry, particularly back rake and side rake angles, affect PDC bit performance when tested at atmospheric conditions, no information in the SPE literature exists for similar tests at confining pressures. The effect of side rake angle on cutter aggresiveness and cutter interaction at depths of cut (DOC) in excess of 0.04” are particularly unknown under confined pressure. The results of more than 150 tests show that back rake and side rake angles have substantial effects on Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) and the aggressiveness of PDC cutters. Experiments with three different rock types; Carthage marble, Mancos shale, and Torrey Buff sandstone, revealed that at both atmospheric and elevated confining pressures, PDC cutters with 10 deg back rake angles require half the energy to cut the same volume of rock and produce higher cutting efficiency compared with cutters having 40 deg back rake angles. Possible reasons for this behavior are explained through the analysis of the cutting process. Results show that a cutter with low back rake requires less horizontal cutting force in order to cut the same volume of rock. This observation indicates that not only will a PDC bit with lower back rake angles, drill more efficiently, but it will also require less torque in order to drill at the same ROP. Other factors such as reduced durability of cutters at low back rake angles should also be considered while applying these results to PDC bit designs. Test results at both atmospheric and confining pressures revealed that MSE decreases with increasing DOC up to 0.08” on all three rock types. However, the tests also showed that MSE starts to increase slightly at DOCs above 0.08”, possibly suggesting an optimal minimum DOC. Experimental results also show that, whilst Mancos shale and Carthage marble have about the same compressive strength, Mancos shale requires three times less energy to cut compared to Carthage marble. This indicates that, compressive strength of some rocks such as shales cannot be used alone as a reference rock property for accurately evaluating and comparing drilling efficiency. A new 3D mechanistic PDC cutter-rock interaction model was also developed which incorporates the effects of both back rake and side rake angles, along with rock specific coefficient of friction. The results from this single-cutter model are encouraging as they are consistent with the experimental data.
Common Neuropathic Itch Syndromes (2012)

Patients with chronic itch are diagnosed and treated by dermatologists. However, itch is a neural sensation and some forms of chronic itch are the presenting symptoms of neurological diseases. Dermatologists need some familiarity with the most common neuropathic itch syndromes to initiate diagnostic testing and to know when to refer to a neurologist. This review summarizes current knowledge, admittedly incomplete, on neuropathic itch caused by diseases of the brain, spinal cord, cranial or spinal nerve-roots, and peripheral nerves.
Effect of uniaxial stress on the electromechanical response of ⟨001⟩-oriented Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–PbTiO3 crystals (2004)

The ⟨001⟩-oriented 0.7PMN–0.3PT and 0.67PMN–0.33PT crystals are characterized under uniaxial stress and electric field loading above the coercive field. Strain-electric-field and electric-displacement-electric-field hysteresis loops are measured at various compressive stresses showing a notable effect of stress on the electromechanical coupling. A moderate uniaxial stress can advance their electromechanical properties. Stress-strain curves are run at zero electric field, showing that depolarization for ⟨001⟩-oriented 0.7PMN–0.3PT crystal begins at 7MPa, while as little as 3MPa for 0.67PMN–0.33PT crystal, placing a severe limitation in actuator applications.
Influence of pH, temperature, and light on the stability of melatonin in aqueous solutions and fruit juices (2020)

The ability to predict melatonin stability during food processing or storage is important. Therefore, the degradation of melatonin in both aqueous solutions and fruit juice samples was investigated. The pH values of aqueous solutions were set over a pH range from 1 to 13 and at four different temperatures (60, 70, 80 and 90 °C). The highest remaining melatonin (C<sub>R</sub>) was observed in the lowest pH solution (pH = 1, C<sub>R</sub> > 65%). Melatonin concentrations decreased with rising pH levels from pH 4 to 13 during storage time. The thermal degradation rate constant of melatonin <i>(k)</i> values obtained followed the order: k<sub>90°C</sub> (0.175) >k<sub>80°C</sub> (0.123) >k<sub>70°C</sub> (0.082) >k<sub>60°C</sub> (0.027)<i>.</i> Thermal degradation kinetics followed the first-order reaction model with a high range of coefficients of determination (0.9744 < R<sup>2</sup> < 0.995). The temperature also affected on melatonin degradation in fruit juices which the degradation rate was increased with the presence of light and high temperature. Our results can be used as guidelines to develop a processing method that predicts melatonin degradation during thermal processing of food products.
A perspective for research on conceptual modelling (1980)

This position paper is intended to provide a perspective for research on conceptual modelling carried out over the past five years at the University of Toronto and to draw some conclusions from the experiences we have accumulated. “Conceptual modelling” here refers to the activity of constructing abstract models of knowledge about some world and is synonymous with the terms “knowledge representation” and “semantic data model” as they have been used in AI and Databases respectively. Much of the research on the subject has focused on the development of descriptive tools for the description of such models. Less attention has been paid, so far, on methodologies for building such models.
Block-sliced DRM System for Secure Multi-Media Contents (2007)

Summary The improvement of computer communication and information processing technology brings the activation of multi-media content. The government tries to expand the development of cultural content into the national enterprise for promoting a growth foundation in an information-oriented society. This paper proposes an encryption method of multi-media data using a hash chain algorithm for secure multi-media contents and designs an authentication protocol using an authentication and key transmission algorithm for identifying an authorized user. Finally, this paper proposes the decryption method of multi-media content in real-time using a effective buffer scheduling method by constructing a duplicated buffer to minimize the delay time of playback at the decryption procedure.
Remote-controlled eradication of astrogliosis in spinal cord injury via electromagnetically-induced dexamethasone release from “smart” nanowires (2015)

We describe a system to deliver drugs to selected tissues continuously, if required, for weeks. Drugs can be released remotely inside the small animals using pre-implanted, novel vertically aligned electromagnetically-sensitive polypyrrole nanowires (PpyNWs). Approximately 1-2mm(2) dexamethasone (DEX) doped PpyNWs was lifted on a single drop of sterile water by surface tension, and deposited onto a spinal cord lesion in glial fibrillary acidic protein-luc transgenic mice (GFAP-luc mice). Overexpression of GFAP is an indicator of astrogliosis/neuroinflammation in CNS injury. The corticosteroid DEX, a powerful ameliorator of inflammation, was released from the polymer by external application of an electromagnetic field for 2h/day for a week. The GFAP signal, revealed by bioluminescent imaging in the living animal, was significantly reduced in treated animals. At 1week, GFAP was at the edge of detection, and in some experimental animals, completely eradicated. We conclude that the administration of drugs can be controlled locally and non-invasively, opening the door to many other known therapies, such as the cases that dexamethasone cannot be safely applied systemically in large concentrations.
Vademecum-based approach to multi-scale topological material design (2016)

The work deals on computational design of structural materials by resorting to computational homogenization and topological optimization techniques. The goal is then to minimize the structural (macro-scale) compliance by appropriately designing the material distribution (microstructure) at a lower scale (micro-scale), which, in turn, rules the mechanical properties of the material. The specific features of the proposed approach are: (1) The cost function to be optimized (structural stiffness) is defined at the macro-scale, whereas the design variables defining the micro-structural topology lie on the low scale. Therefore a coupled, two-scale (macro/micro), optimization problem is solved unlike the classical, single-scale, topological optimization problems. (2) To overcome the exorbitant computational cost stemming from the multiplicative character of the aforementioned multiscale approach, a specific strategy, based on the consultation of a discrete material catalog of micro-scale optimized topologies (Computational Vademecum) is used. The Computational Vademecum is computed in an offline process, which is performed only once for every constitutive-material, and it can be subsequently consulted as many times as desired in the online design process. This results into a large diminution of the resulting computational costs, which make affordable the proposed methodology for multiscale computational material design. Some representative examples assess the performance of the considered approach.
IS INTELLIGENCE DISTRIBUTED NORMALLY? (1963)

Frequency distributions obtained on applying intelligence tests to large samples of the school population are analysed, and compared with those given by the formulae for the commoner types of frequency curve. It is noted that the distributions actually observed are more asymmetrical and have longer tails than that described by the normal curve. The best fit is given by a curve of Type IV: this is in fact the type of distribution we should expect if (as has been argued in earlier papers) individual differences in general ability are determined partly by multifactorial and partly by unifactorial inheritance. It follows that the usual assumption of normality leads to a gross underestimate of the number of highly gifted individuals. The conclusions thus drawn are confirmed by a study of data from other sources; and various practical corollaries are deduced.
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring with IoT: Predicting PM10 for Enhanced Decision Support (2020)

Indoor air pollution is one of the major environmental hazards. Breathing in poor air can cause several serious health issues. Air quality is critical for building occupant's health and well-being. Hence, a reliable system to monitor indoor air quality (IAQ) is required. Advances in the prediction of pollutant conditions in the building environment can help occupants to take preventive actions. These interventions can avoid poisonous situations in useful time. This paper describes the functionality of the IAQ monitoring systems based on Internet of Things for measuring PM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> , PM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</sub> , CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , VOC, Temperature, and Humidity parameters. The main contribution of this study is to propose an automated prediction system for PM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> . The XGBoost Regressor is applied to predict PM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> levels for enhanced decision support. The prediction system performance is measured in terms of six relevant regression parameters. The obtained values are RMSE=0.48, R2 Score=0.99, MSE=0.234, MAE=0.284, MAPE=3.24% and Prediction Accuracy = 98.15%. The results show the efficiency of the proposed system to support building managers and occupants to prevent critical consequences associated with poor air quality.
Urinary excretion of pseudouridine in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (1986)

The urinary concentration of pseudouridine, primarily a degradation product of transfer ribonucleic acid, was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 23 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 13 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 24 healthy controls. The urinary concentration of pseudouridine in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the patients with liver cirrhosis or the healthy controls. Sixteen (70%) of the 23 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had urinary pseudouridine levels higher than the mean value for the healthy controls plus 2 standard deviations. Nine of the 13 patients (69%) who had a serum alpha-fetoprotein level below 400 ng/ml, had elevated urinary pseudouridine levels. Thus, the two markers, urinary pseudouridine and serum alpha-fetoprotein in combination, which were detected in a total of 19 of the 23 patients (83%) with hepatocellular carcinoma, are considered to serve as complementary markers for the diagnosis of this disease.
A Novel Microfluidic Platform Design Combining Actuators, Cell Culturing and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection with Cheap Disposable Microchips (2004)

A Novel Microfluidic Platform Design Combining Actuators, Cell Culturing and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection with Cheap Disposable Microchips