gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensemaking handoff: When and how? (2008)

Abstract Computer support helpdesks often engage in sensemaking while working on atypical problems. Handoffs are common in these sensemaking situations due to shift changes, because a different skill or perspective is needed or simply because the current sensemaker may be exhausted. Though handoff may be needed, it may not always be successful. This could be true because sensemaking involves non‐routine activities for which no structural support for handoff may exist, or because sensemakers may not be sure what to handoff if sensemaking is not complete. This study examined the issues related to sensemaking handoff in computer support helpdesks. Existing theories of sensemaking (Russell et al, and Weick, ) were used as a framework. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with two different computer helpdesk personnel groups at a large mid‐western university. Successful handoffs occurred either very early or very late in the sensemaking process. This choice of handoff time as well as other aspects of handoffs are discussed using the principles of least collaborative effort [13] and mindfulness [18].
Potential Approach for Fractionating Oxygenated Aromatic Compounds from Renewable Resources (2000)

Various oxygenated aromatic compounds (OACs) could be obtained from renewable resources if separations were available to fractionate the complex mixtures. We examined adsorption for the fractionation of OACs into (i) acids, (ii) phenols, (iii) alcohols, and (iv) compounds lacking hydrogen-bond donating ability. Specifically, we studied adsorption from a nonpolar solvent onto a neutral acrylic ester sorbent. The acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, exists in hexane as monomers and self-associated (e.g., dimeric) species. Phenomenological evidence indicates that monomers can adsorb but that adsorption competes with solution-phase dimerization. Previous studies indicate that phenols and alcohols adsorb through a hydrogen-bonding mechanism, while OACs lacking hydrogen-bond donating ability (i.e. aldehydes, ketones, esters, and ethers) adsorb weakly. Isotherms show that these four classes of OACs adsorb with significantly different affinities. Desorption is achieved by exploiting deprotonation reactions in an aqueous desorption phase and that the acids and phenols can be selectively desorbed based on differences in their pKa's. A potential approach for fractionating renewable OACs is considered.
Objects predict fixations better than early saliency (2008)

Humans move their eyes while looking at scenes and pictures. Eye movements correlate with shifts in attention and are thought to be a consequence of optimal resource allocation for high-level tasks such as visual recognition. Models of attention, such as "saliency maps," are often built on the assumption that "early" features (color, contrast, orientation, motion, and so forth) drive attention directly. We explore an alternative hypothesis: Observers attend to "interesting" objects. To test this hypothesis, we measure the eye position of human observers while they inspect photographs of common natural scenes. Our observers perform different tasks: artistic evaluation, analysis of content, and search. Immediately after each presentation, our observers are asked to name objects they saw. Weighted with recall frequency, these objects predict fixations in individual images better than early saliency, irrespective of task. Also, saliency combined with object positions predicts which objects are frequently named. This suggests that early saliency has only an indirect effect on attention, acting through recognized objects. Consequently, rather than treating attention as mere preprocessing step for object recognition, models of both need to be integrated.
Passive Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage Using Crab Shell Chitin (2007)

Streams contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) are complex environmental systems which require biological, chemical, and physical treatment steps for thorough remediation. In this work, a novel concept for treating AMD was investigated, in which the biological reduction of acidity, chemical enhancement of alkalinity, and physical sorption of metals occurred simultaneously using one multifunctional substrate: chitin from crab shells. Sacrificial microcosm tests were conducted to evaluate the ability of chitinous material from crab shells to reduce acidity and dissolved metals concentrations in AMD water collected from Kittanning Run in Altoona, Pennsylvania. In the presence of SC-20 grade crab shell chitin, pH increased from 3.21 to 6.79, acidity decreased from 192 to −114 mg/L, and alkalinity increased from 0 to 235 mg/L, in just 9 days. Corresponding to this increase in pH, dissolved iron and aluminum concentrations were reduced by more than 99% and manganese concentrations were reduced by 81%. In addition, sulfate concentrations were observed to decrease from 489 to 303 mg/L, confirming the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria. Physical adsorption of iron to chitin, chemical precipitation of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), and biologically induced manganese sulfide (MnS) precipitation were the likely mechanisms of dissolved metals removal in this system. The results of this work demonstrate for the first time the effectiveness of chitin as an alternative substrate for AMD treatment.
Improved Blind Pointing of NASA's 34-m Beam Waveguide Antennas for Millimeter Wave Operation (2000)

NASA's Deep Space Communications Network (DSN) consists of three complexes of large antennas located at Goldstone, California, Madrid, Spain, and Canberra, Australia.
Tubulin oligomers and microtubule oscillations (1988)

Several types of non-equilibrium phenomena have been observed in microtubule polymerization, including dynamic instability, assembly overshoot and oscillations. They can be interpreted in terms of interactions between tubulin subunits (= alpha, beta heterodimers), microtubules, and a third state, oligomers, which represent intermediates between microtubule disassembly and the regeneration of assembly-competent subunits by GTP. Here we examine the role of oligomers by varying conditions that stabilize or destabilize microtubules and/or oligomers. By varying their ratio one can drive tubulin assembly either into steady-state microtubules or oligomers. These regimens of assembly conditions are separated by a region where microtubules oscillate. The oscillations can be simulated by computer modelling, based on a reaction scheme involving the three states of tubulin and nucleotide exchange on tubulin subunits, but not on microtubules or oligomers.
Hypermedia-aided design (2001)

Recently, the Internet revolutionized many activities from entertainment to marketing and business. Two key underlying Internet technologies, efficient data delivery and hypertext, demonstrated exceptional potential as new application enablers. In this paper, we present a novel Hypermedia-Aided Design (HAD) collaboration framework that facilitates new communication and data presentation paradigms to improve the effectiveness of typical EDA applications. The framework leverages on the advantages of using semantic multicast as a communication backbone and quantized hypermedia presentations as an efficient data organization, retrieval, and presentation model. Semantic multicast is a global communication tool that relies on an inter-network of proxies to provide content discovery and semantics-based profile-driven data dissemination services. We introduce the notion of a quant, an atomic interactive multimedia information primitive with embedded hyperlinks. We demonstrate how interest-specific quant retrieval and concatenation can enable more focused collaboration.
Herpes simplex virus amplicon: cleavage of concatemeric DNA is linked to packaging and involves amplification of the terminally reiterated a sequence (1986)

Herpes simplex virus-infected cells contain large concatemeric DNA molecules arising from replication of the viral genome. The large concatemers are cleaved to generate unit-length molecules terminating at both ends with the a sequence. We have used constructed defective virus vectors (amplicons) derived from herpes simplex virus to study the mechanism of cleavage of viral DNA concatemers and the packaging of viral DNA into nucleocapsids. These studies revealed that (i) a 248-base-pair a sequence contained the signal(s) required for cleavage-packaging, (ii) the cleavage of viral DNA concatemers was coupled to packaging, (iii) the a sequence contained the information required for its own amplification, and (iv) cleavage-packaging occurred by a novel process involving the amplification of the a sequence.
Complex Evolution Recurrent Neural Networks (ceRNNs) (2018)

Unitary Evolution Recurrent Neural Networks (uRNNs) have three attractive properties: (a) the unitary property, (b) the complex-valued nature, and (c) their efficient linear operators [1]. The literature so far does not address - how critical is the unitary property of the model? Furthermore, uRNNs have not been evaluated on large tasks. To study these shortcomings, we propose the complex evolution Recurrent Neural Networks (ceRNNs), which is similar to uRNNs but drops the unitary property selectively. On a simple multivariate linear regression task, we illustrate that dropping the constraints improves the learning trajectory. In copy memory task, ceRNNs and uRNNs perform identically, demonstrating that their superior performance over LSTMs is due to complex-valued nature and their linear operators. In a large scale real-world speech recognition, we find that pre-pending a uRNN degrades the performance of our baseline LSTM acoustic models, while pre-pending a ceRNN improves the performance over the baseline by 0.8% absolute WER.
Cryoelectron microscopy structures of the ribosome complex in intermediate states during tRNA translocation (2011)

mRNA-tRNA translocation is a central and highly regulated process during translational elongation. Along with the mRNA, tRNA moves through the ribosome in a stepwise fashion. Using cryoelectron microscopy on ribosomes with a P-loop mutation, we have identified novel structural intermediates likely to exist transiently during translocation. Our observations suggest a mechanism by which the rate of translocation can be regulated.
WIRELESS BROADBAND ACCESS: WIMAX AND BEYOND - Investigation of Bandwidth Request Mechanisms under Point-to-Multipoint Mode of WiMAX Networks (2007)

The WiMAX standard specifies a metropolitan area broadband wireless access air interface. In order to support QoS for multimedia applications, various bandwidth request and scheduling mechanisms are suggested in WiMAX, in which a subscriber station can send request messages to a base station, and the base station can grant or reject the request according to the available radio resources. This article first compares two fundamental bandwidth request mechanisms specified in the standard, random access vs. polling under the point-to-multipoint mode, a mandatory transmission mode. Our results demonstrate that random access outperforms polling when the request rate is low. However, its performance degrades significantly when the channel is congested. Adaptive switching between random access and polling according to load can improve system performance. We also investigate the impact of channel noise on the random access request mechanism
Red emission from Eu-doped GaN luminescent films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2003)

Bright red emission has been obtained at room temperature from Eu-doped GaN films pumped by 325 nm HeCd laser. The luminescent films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaN/Al2O3 substrates. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), ammonia (NH3), and europium 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate were used as sources for Ga, N, and Eu dopant, respectively. The influence of the V/III ratio during growth on the photoluminescence (PL) intensity has been studied using a fixed TMGa flow rate of 92 μmol/min and varying the NH3 flow rate. The film growth rate (∼2 μm/h) is nearly constant with V/III ratio over the range from ∼30 to ∼1000. The Eu incorporation in GaN films was found to decrease with increasing V/III ratio. The Eu PL intensity (normalized to the Eu concentration) exhibited a maximum at a V/III ratio of ∼100.
U<scp>SHER</scp>S<scp>YNDROME</scp>: From Genetics to Pathogenesis (2001)

Usher syndrome (USH) is defined by the association of sensorineural deafness and visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa. The syndrome has three distinct clinical subtypes, referred to as USH1, USH2, and USH3. Each subtype is genetically heterogeneous, and 12 loci have been detected so far. Four genes have been identified, namely, USH1B, USH1C, USH1D, and USH2A. USH1B, USH1C, and USH1D encode an unconventional myosin (myosin VIIA), a PDZ domain-containing protein (harmonin), and a cadherin-like protein (cadherin-23), respectively. Mutations of these genes cause primary defects of the sensory cells in the inner ear, and probably also in the retina. In the inner ear, the USH1 genes, I propose, are involved in the same signaling pathway, which may control development and/or maintenance of the hair bundles of sensory cells via an adhesion force (a) at the junctions between these cells and supporting cells and (b) at the level of the lateral links that interconnect the stereocilia. In contrast, the molecular pathogenesis of USH2A, which is owing to a defect of a novel extracellular matrix protein, is likely to be different from that of USH1.
Sensitized Near-Infrared Lanthanide Luminescence from Nd(III)- and Yb(III)-Based Cyclen−Ruthenium Coordination Conjugates (2006)

The development of novel mixed lanthanide-transition-metal (f-d) based supramolecular self-assemblies made from neodymium- and ytterbium-based tetraamide-functionalized cyclen complexes bearing a single 1,10-phenanthroline moiety coordinating to a RuII(bipy)2 (bipy = bipyridine) unit is described. Excitation of the Ru(II) metal-to-ligand charge-transfer band in water gave rise to long-wavelength sensitized emission from the Yb(III) or Nd(III) centers, observed in the near-infrared.
Alumina Monolith Formation by Flocculation of Boehmite Sols (1989)

Flocculating a boehmite sol with ammonia results in drying and shrinkage uniformity which contributes to the formation of a dry monolithic gel. It is demonstrated that flocculation immobilizes the randomly dispersed platelet‐shaped boehmite particles, inducing uniform shrinkage and density in the gel structure. Flocculation also increases the rate of gelation and an increased gel integrity is attributed to the cumulative effects of both van der Waals attractive forces and increased hydrogen bond formation (gelation). Flocculation does not adversely effect either phase transformation or sintering of the seeded boehmite gels.
Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia--an evaluation of parameters on incidence risk, diagnosis, risk factors and biological effects as input for a decision support system for disease control. (2001)

The present review analyses the documentation on incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcaemia. It is hereby evaluated whether the existing documentation seems sufficient for further modelling in a decision support system for selection of a control strategy. Several studies have been carried out revealing an incidence of milk fever most often in the level of 5-10%. Few studies indicate that the incidence of subclinical hypocalcaemia is several times higher than milk fever. The diagnosis based on clinical or laboratory methods or based on presence of risk factors is outlined. The clinical symptoms of milk fever are highly specific and the disease level may thus be determined from recording of treatments. Diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcaemia needs to include laboratory examinations or it may be determined by multiplying the incidence of milk fever by a certain factor. From the documentation on risk factors, it is very complex to predict the incidence from the exposure level of the risk factors. Due to uncertainty, sensitivity analyses over a wide range of values for each parameter are needed. The documentation of cow characteristics, nutrition, environment and management as risk factors are described. Among cow characteristics, parity or age, body condition and production level were found to be important. Risk factors associated with nutrition included most importantly dietary cation-anion difference and calcium level whereas the importance of general feeding related factors like type of feed stuff and feeding level were less clear. Environment and management included season, climate, housing, pasturing, exercise, length of dry period and prepartum milking. Several of the parameters on environment and management were confounded among each other and therefore firm conclusions on the importance were difficult. The documentation of the effect of milk fever includes the downer cows, reproductive disorders, occurrence of other diseases and the effect on milk production, body weight and culling. The reproductive disorders included most importantly dystocia, uterine prolapse, retained placenta, metritis and repeat breeding, and occurrence of other diseases included ketosis, displaced abomasum and mastitis. The documentation was substantial and often quantifiable within certain limits. Overall it is concluded that the present documentation on milk fever concerning incidence, diagnosis, risk factors and effects seems sufficient for a systematic inclusion in a decision support system. A model on milk fever should take into consideration the variation in biological data and individual herd characteristics. The inclusion of subclinical hypocalcaemia would be more uncertain and probably should await further documentation on possibilities of determining the herd level incidence and also the effect of this condition on production.
Evidence for Cooperative Transforming Activity of the Human Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax (2007)

Aneuploidy is frequent in cancers. Recently it was found that pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG; also called Pds1p or securin) is overexpressed in many different tumors. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that primarily infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and causes adult T-cell leukemia. Here, we report that overexpression of human PTTG cooperated with the HTLV-I Tax oncoprotein in cellular transformation. Coexpression of Tax and PTTG enhanced chromosomal instability and neoplastic changes to levels greater than overexpression of either factor singularly. Cells that overexpressed both PTTG and Tax induced tumors more robustly in nude mice than cells that expressed either PTTG alone or Tax alone.
Ghost phase cancellation with phase‐encoding gradient modulation (1993)

Motion artifacts are a dominant cause of magnetic resonance image quality degradation. Periodic or nearly periodic motion results in image replicates of the moving structures in spin-warp Fourier imaging. The replicates, or ghosts, propagate in the image in the phase-encoding, or y, direction. These ghosted images can be considered to consist of the time-averaged spin density I0 and a ghost mask g. A set of j ghosted images Ij may be acquired in which the ghost mask is intentionally phase shifted by varying amounts relative to I0 with interleaved acquisitions that have shifted phase-encoding orders or by acquiring multiple images during a single readout period in the presence of an oscillating phase-encoding gradient. The resulting complex images Ij have the same time-averaged spin density I0 but have ghost contributions gj that, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, trace part of a circle around I0. The source images Ij can then be used to estimate I0. Simulations and experiments with the phase-encoding gradient modulation method show good general ghost suppression for a variety of quasi-periodic motion sources including both respiratory-type artifacts and flow artifacts. The primary limitation of the method is the need for rapid gradient switching.
ChemInform Abstract: The Technology of Chromium Oxide Passivation on Stainless Steel Surface. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Viscoelastic Behavior of Human Connective Tissues: Relative Contribution of Viscous and Elastic Components (1983)

Stress-relaxation tests were performed at successive strain levels on strips of human aorta, skin, psoas tendon, dura mater, and pericardium. The elastic fraction, the equilibrium force divided by the initial force, was calculated at each strain increment. In the aorta, the elastic fraction decreased with strain and was modeled as the transfer of stress from elastic to collagen fibers, while in skin it increased with strain, probably due to the rearrangement of individual collagen fiber orientations, resulting in an aligned collagen network at high strains. The strain-independent elastic fractions for tendon, dura mater, and pericardium were similar, and approximately equal to the values found for aorta and skin at high strains. It was hypothesized that the elastic fraction is related to the type of fiber loaded, and the tissue geometry. This analysis may be useful in studying disease-induced changes in the mechanical properties of connective tissues.
Glioblastoma multiforme metastasis to the axis (2005)

Extracranial bone metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has rarely been reported in the literature, and most metastatic GBMs are multiple bone metastases. The authors describe the first case of a GBM with metastasis only to the axis. This 42-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of headache, nausea, vomiting, and disorientation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right temporal tumor, which was diagnosed as a GBM based on tumor resection. The patient was treated using radiation (6000 cGy) and the intravenous administration of nimustine hydrochloride. Eighteen months thereafter, he experienced the sudden onset of neck pain. Magnetic resonance studies revealed a tumor in the axis that was diagnosed as GBM based on biopsy procedure.