gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melanin and Hemoglobin Identification for Skin Disease Analysis (2013)

This paper proposes a novel method to extract melanin and hemoglobin concentrations of human skin, using bilateral decomposition with the knowledge of a multiple layered skin model and absorbance characteristics of major chromophores. Different from state-of-art approaches, the proposed method enables to address highlight and strong shading usually existing in skin color images captured under uncontrolled environment. The derived melanin and hemoglobin indices, directly related to the pathological tissue conditions, tend to be less influenced by external imaging factors and are effective for describing pigmentation distributions. Experiments demonstrate the value of the proposed method for computer-aided diagnosis of different skin diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of melanoma increases by 9-15% for conventional RGB lesion images, compared to techniques using other color descriptors. The discrimination of inflammatory acne and hyper pigmentation reveals acne stage, which would be useful for acne severity evaluation. It is expected that this new method will prove useful for other skin disease analysis.
Early diagnostics, prophylaxis, and non-pharmacological treatment of the preclinical stages of atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension (2015)

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in most countries, including Russia. Non-pharmacological-modalities intended for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease including hypertension and atherosclerosis currently acquire special significance. The objective of the present*study was to develop a system of methods for early diagnostics, prevention and treatment of the preclinical stages of atherosclerosis and hypertension Another objective was to estimate the effectiveness of these methods. A total of 310 patients at risk-of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis or with pre-clinical stages of these conditions were examined during a two year observation period. The system of early diagnosis and non-pharmacological primary prevention of cardiovascular disease was developed and evaluated using climatotherapeutic and physiotherapeutic methods in combination with and personalized dietary therapy, hypoxic-hypercapnic factors and educational programs. The study has demonstrated that the proposed system allowed to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce cardiovascular morbidity. The patients of the main group experienced the reduction of abdominal obesity and blood pressure along with the improvement of the blood lipid profile and other indicators. These parameters remained unaltered in the patients comprising the control group. In the main group, the incidence of coronary heart disease and hypertension was 62.5% and 81.25% lower respectively than in the control group.
Effect of Intestinal Bacteria on Incidence of Liver Tumors in Gnotobiotic C3H/He Male Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1979)

On March 4, 1905, President Roosevelt is inaugurated in Washington, D.C., with much celebration and fanfare. Roosevelt rides in an open landau on Fifteenth St., NW, escorted by mounted Rough Riders. Secret Service men and detectives walk on either side of the carriage. Roosevelt tips his hat to the crowd. Sitting beside him is Senator John C. Spooner of Wisconsin, Chairman of the joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies. Opposite, but not clearly visible, are Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts and Representative John Dalzell of Pennsylvania, members of the committee. Second sequence consists of long shots of Roosevelt taking the oath of office on a platform erected on the east front of the Capitol. Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller administers the Presidential oath of office, and Chief Clerk of the Supreme Court James Hall McKenney holds the Bible. The platform is decorated with plants and garlands and a large banner with the American eagle on it hangs from the center of the railing. West Point cadets and Annapolis midshipmen are assembled below the platform.
Training a parametric-based logF0 model with the minimum generation error criterion (2010)

This paper describes an approach for improving a statistical parametric-based logF0 model using minimum-generationerror (MGE) training. Compared with the previous scheme based on decision tree clustering, MGE allows the minimisation of the error in the generated logF0 to take into account not only each cluster by itself, but also the way in which the clusters interact with each other in the generation of the F0 over the whole sentence. Moreover, the “weights” of each component of the model, which previously were adjusted manually, are optimized automatically by the MGE training during the re-estimation of the model covariances. Objective evaluation indicated that, although the logF0 contours generated by the models trained with MGE have approximately the same root mean square error and correlation factor as those generated with the baseline models, they present a higher dynamic range. The subjective evaluation shows a small but significant preference for the system trained with MGE.
Efficacy and safety of rechallenge with low-dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in previously hypersensitive HIV-infected patients (1993)

Rechallenge with TMP-SMX appears safe in HIV-infected patients with a history of non-life-threatening hypersensitivity and is most likely to be successful in patients with a low CD4+ lymphocyte count. The data suggest a low rate cross-hypersensitivity between SMX and dapsone, at least at the doses used.
Affix grammar driven code generation (1985)

Affix grammars are used to describe the instruction set of a target architecture for purposes of compiler code generation. A code generator is obtained automatically for a compiler using attributed parsing techniques. A compiler built on this model can automatically perform most popular machine-dependent optimizations, including peephole optimizations. Code generators based on this model demonstrate retargetability for the VAX 1 -11, iAPX 2 -86, Z-8000 3 , PDP 4 -11, MC-68000, NS32032, FOM, and IBM-370 architectures.
The chemistry of lauren-l-ene. II. Remote functionalization reactions of the laurenan-2-ols and the 1bH-laurenan-2-ols (1980)

The course of the iodine/lead tetraacetate oxidation of the four alcohols laurenan-2ß-ol(2), laurenan-2a-ol (3), 1ßH-laurenan-2ß-ol (4) and 1ßH-laurenan-2a-ol (5) is described. Structural assignments have been made with the aid of 13C n.m.r. after ether ring opening and conversion into derivatives of lauren-1-ene (1). Where possible, the results of remote functionalization have been used to infer the preferred molecular conformation.
Spectral Efficiency of Distributed MIMO Cellular Systems in a Composite Fading Channel (2008)

In this paper, accurate approximations of the spectral efficiency are presented for co-located multiple-input multiple-output (C-MIMO) and distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) cellular systems in the composite channel model, which includes path loss, shadow fading, and multipath fading. Firstly, conditioned on the desired user position, the analytical approximations of the mean and variance of the mutual information are derived for C-MIMO and D-MIMO at high SNR. Because the exact distribution of the mutual information in a composite Rayleigh- lognormal environment is difficult to analyze, we apply Gaussian approximation to the distribution of the mutual information. Then, the growth in ergodic capacity and outage capacity of a D-MIMO channel with the number of antennas as well as the variance of the shadow fading is well understood. Assuming that the users are randomly distributed in the cell, the closed-form expressions for the mean spectral efficiency and mean outage spectral efficiency are derived. Finally, the numerical results are presented which validate the analytical results.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Meta Sulfonation of 2-Phenylpyridines (2011)

A selective catalytic meta sulfonation of 2-phenylpyridines was found to occur in the presence of (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes upon reaction with sulfonyl chlorides. The 2-pyridyl group facilitates the formation of a stable Ru-C(aryl) σ bond that induces a strong para-directing effect. Electrophilic aromatic substitution proceeds with the sulfonyl chloride to furnish a sulfone at the position meta to the chelating group. This new catalytic process offers access to atypical regioselectivity for reactions involving chelation-assisted cyclometalation.
Oxides grown on textured single-crystal silicon for low programming voltage non-volatile memory applications (1987)

Oxides grown on textured single-crystal silicon (TSC oxides) have been fabricated for use in low programming voltage non-volatile memories. A 230 A TSC oxide exhibited enhanced electron injection in both polarities reducing the voltage necessary for J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> = +1 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> from 21 V for normal (untextured) 230 A oxides to 5 V. This made the 230 A TSC oxide equivalent to a 55 A normal oxide. Charge-to-breakdown (Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</inf> ) measurement show a larger intrinsic Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</inf> and also a much better Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BD</inf> histogram (for 1.1. mm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> capacitors) for the 230 A TSC oxide than for 230 A and 60 A normal oxides. Presently, floating-gate EEPROMs are fabricated with either very thin tunnel oxides or thicker oxides grown on polycrystalline silicon (Polyoxides). For very thin tunnel oxides, careful growth of the 100 A oxide is required to avoid early oxide breakdown due to defects. Further scaling of the oxide thickness for lower programming voltages may be difficult. Polyoxides, which utilize the electric field enhancement at the polysilicon-oxide interface, can be thicker (600A). Polyoxides have higher electron trapping rates and memory window closing due to electron trapping limits the memory endurance. Future scaling of the polyoxide thickness for lower programming voltages is not straightforward since the enhanced electron injection effect is reduced for thinner polyoxides. We report here the electrical properties and integrity of oxides grown on textured single-crystal silicon (TSC oxides), showing that TSC oxides can overcome limitations of both very thin tunnel oxides and thicker polyoxides.
Brain α‐Ketoglutarate Dehydrotenase Complex Activity in Alzheimer's Disease (1993)

We measured the activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (alpha-KGDHC), a rate-limiting Krebs cycle enzyme, in postmortem brain samples from 38 controls and 30 neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, in both the presence and absence of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the enzyme's cofactor. Statistically significant correlations between brain pH and lactate levels and alpha-KGDHC activity in the controls were observed, suggesting an influence of agonal status on the activity of alpha-KGDHC. As compared with the controls, mean alpha-KGDHC activity, with added TPP, was significantly (p < 0.005) reduced in AD brain in frontal (-56%), temporal (-60%), and parietal (-68%) cortices, with the reductions (-25 to -53%) in the occipital cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate failing to reach statistical significance. In the absence of exogenously administered TPP, mean alpha-KGDHC activity was reduced to a slightly greater extent in all seven AD brain areas (-39 to -83%), with the reductions now reaching statistical significance in the four cerebral cortical areas and hippocampus. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between alpha-KGDHC activity and neurofibrillary tangle count in AD parietal cortex, the brain area exhibiting the most marked reduction in enzyme activity; this suggests that the enzyme activity reduction in AD brain may be related to the disease process and severity. In each brain area examined, TPP produced a greater stimulatory effect on alpha-KGDHC activity in the AD group (23-280% mean stimulation) as compared with the controls (-4 to +50%); this TPP effect could be explained by reduced endogenous TPP levels in AD brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation and possible improvements of the ANT protocol for home heart monitoring applications (2013)

This paper evaluates the use of the wireless ANT protocol as a possible technology to implement a heart monitoring solution for the remote management of patients at their home premises.With respect to common commercial solutions, in which the ANT transceiver transmits single heart rate values, this paper investigates the suitability of the protocol for the transmission of complete ECG traces, which could be a useful feature in the framework of a remote health monitoring solution. Further, a frequency agility capability is also implemented, in order to reduce the impact of RF interferers working in the ISM band, and to improve the ECG transmission performance of the ANT device.
Periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric amplifier seeded with the narrow-band filtered output of an optical parametric generator (1998)

The results of a simple scheme to generate continuously tunable pulsed narrow-bandwidth (less than 0.1 cm (-1)) light in the infrared are presented. A periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric amplifier is seeded with the filtered output of a PPLN optical parametric generator. A high-finesse Fabry-Perot etalon is used as the filtering element, giving bandwidths as narrow as 0.08 cm (-1) and tunable over 18 cm (-1) without any adjustments to the PPLN crystals. High efficiency is obtained with a 15-ns 1-kHz Nd:YAG laser, giving energies of up to 180 microJ of signal at 1.6 microm and 60 microJ of idler at 3.3 microm .
Pharmacokinetic study of conventional sorafenib chemoembolization in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model (2015)

While targeted transarterial delivery of sorafenib ethiodized oil emulsion shows preferential tumor uptake compared to normal liver, systemic washout occurs with a short half-life, resulting in high circulating drug levels.
Modification of the coherence of undulator radiation (1995)

The spatial coherence of undulator radiation has been modified in a quantitative way, such that when imaging with undulator light of λ=14 nm, the resultant images do not have the usual coherent artifacts of ringing and speckle. To achieve this, we made a soft-x-ray scatter plate which, when inserted into the beam, produces the required amount of divergence and phase shifting to fill the pupil of a 20:1 Schwarzschild camera operating at λ=14 nm. Details of this soft-x-ray scatter plate and its effect on imaging will be presented.
Oseltamivir–Resistant Pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenza Virus Possesses Lower Transmissibility and Fitness in Ferrets (2010)

The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir offers an important immediate option for the control of influenza, and its clinical use has increased substantially during the recent H1N1 pandemic. In view of the high prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in 2007-2008, there is an urgent need to characterize the transmissibility and fitness of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1/2009 viruses, although resistant variants have been isolated at a low rate. Here we studied the transmissibility of a closely matched pair of pandemic H1N1/2009 clinical isolates, one oseltamivir-sensitive and one resistant, in the ferret model. The resistant H275Y mutant was derived from a patient on oseltamivir prophylaxis and was the first oseltamivir-resistant isolate of the pandemic virus. Full genome sequencing revealed that the pair of viruses differed only at NA amino acid position 275. We found that the oseltamivir-resistant H1N1/2009 virus was not transmitted efficiently in ferrets via respiratory droplets (0/2), while it retained efficient transmission via direct contact (2/2). The sensitive H1N1/2009 virus was efficiently transmitted via both routes (2/2 and 1/2, respectively). The wild-type H1N1/2009 and the resistant mutant appeared to cause a similar disease course in ferrets without apparent attenuation of clinical signs. We compared viral fitness within the host by co-infecting a ferret with oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant H1N1/2009 viruses and found that the resistant virus showed less growth capability (fitness). The NA of the resistant virus showed reduced substrate-binding affinity and catalytic activity in vitro and delayed initial growth in MDCK and MDCK-SIAT1 cells. These findings may in part explain its less efficient transmission. The fact that the oseltamivir-resistant H1N1/2009 virus retained efficient transmission through direct contact underlines the necessity of continuous monitoring of drug resistance and characterization of possible evolving viral proteins during the pandemic.
Evaluation of LTE-Advanced connectivity options for the provisioning of V2X services (2018)

In order to shed some useful light on the design of multi-connectivity (MC) solutions for vehicular-to anything (V2X) communications, this work evaluates the performance of different connectivity alternatives based on LTE-Advanced for the support of key intelligent transportation systems (ITS) services as CAM, DENM and platooning in a realistic highway scenario. In particular, downlink unicast, downlink multicast based on Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM), and V2X sidelink connectivity modes have been benchmarked for each ITS service separately. Results show that V2X sidelink transmission exhibits excellent performance for all the services when its subchannelization is properly configured. Downlink multicast is a valid option for DENM and CAM although the optimum modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is different for each service. Finally, unicast is unable to provide a successful performance for CAM while it is valid for platooning and DENM.
Temperature effects of adsorption of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>molecules on Si(111)-(7×7) surfaces (1994)

The adsorption of submonolayers ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules on Si(111)-(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7) surfaces, deposited at room temperature and then annealed to various elevated temperatures, is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. For room temperature adsorption, the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules were observed to favor bonding to adatom bridge sites within a triangular half cell. After annealing to 600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, however, they were found to bond dominantly to adatom or restatom sites. The adsorbate-substrate interaction at room temperature is characterized by charge transfer from the substrate to the molecules. After the annealing process, however, the adsorbates bond covalently to the substrate. It is found that the desorption of the submonolayer adsorbates due to the annealing process is minimal. The surface diffusion of the adsorbates begins when annealing the sample to 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, at which point the initial clustering of the adsorbates takes place. When annealing the sample to 850 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules decomposed on the sample surface and reacted with the Si atoms to form SiC islands.
Immunological Methods for Detection and Identification of Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Agents (2003)

PROBLEMBW agents.The release of a biological weapon (BW) agent by a terrorist group or military force would likely be silent and undetectable or nearly so.As shown by anthrax attack during the fall of 2001 in the eastern United States, patients would begin appearing at hospitals and clinics within several days of exposure, most presenting with nonspecific flu-like symptoms.The first days of the outbreak might not even cause undue concern.However, depending on the type of agent and the method of dispersal, the public healthcare system would rapidly be stretched to capacity and beyond.The qualities that make a good BW agent are its relationship between aerosolization, infectivity, or toxicity and the amount of agent required to produce an effect (48).In addition, criteria such as environmental stability, ease of production, disease severity, and communicability determine which agents are the most likely to be utilized.For maximum effect, an optimal agent should be highly lethal and easily produced in large quantities and have limited options for preventive or prophylactic treatment.Given that the respiratory route is the most effective for most BW agents, stability in an aerosol form and the capability to be readily dispersed also in an aerosol (1-to 10-m particle size) are necessary.When potential agents are reviewed for these characteristics, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and variola major virus (smallpox) are considered to have the greatest potential for mass casualties and civil disruption.Also high on a prospective list of agents are botulinum neurotoxins, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis (48,91, 92).Lower on the prospective list are Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Marburg and Ebola viruses, and influenza viruses (48,63,91, 92).Emerging infectious disease agents.In addition to diseases caused by intentional epidemics, there are several emerging infectious diseases (ID) with the potential for significant public health consequences, including dengue fever, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever as well as the recent reemergence of malaria in the eastern United States (48,63,91, 92).As with BW agents, emerging ID agents may be directly transmissible or vector borne (63).A complex interplay of factors can influence disease emergence, including genetic variation, environmental changes, and population pressures.Further compounding this already complicated situation, are the estimated 600
<i>thick tassel dwarf1</i>encodes a putative maize ortholog of the<i>Arabidopsis CLAVATA1</i>leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (2005)

Development in higher plants depends on the activity of meristems, formative regions that continuously initiate new organs at their flanks. Meristems must maintain a balance between stem cell renewal and organ initiation. In fasciated mutants, organ initiation fails to keep pace with meristem proliferation. The thick tassel dwarf1 (td1) mutation of maize affects both male and female inflorescence development. The female inflorescence, which results in the ear, is fasciated, with extra rows of kernels. The male inflorescence, or tassel, shows an increase in spikelet density. Floral meristems are also affected in td1 mutants; for example, male florets have an increase in stamen number. These results suggest that td1 functions in the inflorescence to limit meristem size. In addition, td1 mutants are slightly shorter than normal siblings, indicating that td1 also plays a role in vegetative development. td1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) that is a putative ortholog of the Arabidopsis CLAVATA1 protein. These results complement previous work showing that fasciated ear2 encodes a CLAVATA2-like protein, and suggest that the CLAVATA signaling pathway is conserved in monocots. td1 maps in the vicinity of quantitative trait loci that affect seed row number, spikelet density and plant height. We discuss the possible selection pressures on td1 during maize domestication.