gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Eight - Phase Broadband Serrodyne Modulator (2005)

The design of a 6 to 18 GHz serrodyne modulator is described. It consists of a P-I-N diodes based all passive eight step phase shifter. The device is digitally controlled. Experimental data and a comparison with a conventional serrodyne TWT are presented.
Prevention of Experimental Allergic Uveitis (1975)

These experiments were undertaken to determine if methotrexate therapy, initiated after immunization, could prevent the development of experimental allergic uveitis. Strain 13 guinea pigs were immunized with Strain 13 guinea pig retina-uvea extract that had been emulsified in Freund complete adjuvant. Some were treated with methotrexate twice a week until the 21st day. Each week, all of their eyes were examined with a slit-lamp. At the end of the study, some were skin tested, and the sera of selected animals were tested by immunodiffusion for antibody. The eyes of certain groups were examined histologically. Results show methotrexate prevented the development of this type of uveitis, even when therapy was initiated seven days after immunization. The disease did not appear after therapy was stopped. Methotrexate also inhibited the development of skin sensitivity and antibody to retina-uvea antigen.
Surface‐Modified Protein Microspheres Capture Amyloid‐β and Inhibit its Aggregation and Toxicity (2011)

The biocompatible and biodegradable properties of protein microspheres and the recent advances in their preparation have generated considerable interest of utilizing these core-shell structures for drug delivery and diagnostic applications. However, effective targeting of protein microspheres to desirable cells or loci still remains a challenge. Here, we describe for the first time a facile one-pot sonochemical approach for covalent modification of protein microspheres made from serum albumin; the surface of which is covalently decorated with a short recognition peptide to target amyloid-β (Aβ) as the main pathogenic protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The microspheres were characterized for their morphology, size, and entrapment efficacy by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and confocal microscopy. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis and Thioflavin-T binding assay demonstrated that the conjugated microspheres bind with high affinity and selectivity to Aβ, sequester it from the medium and reduce its aggregation. Upon incubation with Aβ, the microspheres induced formation of amorphous aggregates on their surface with no apparent fibrillar structure. Moreover, the microspheres directly reduced the Aβ-induced toxicity toward neuron like PC12 cells. The conjugated microspheres are smaller than unmodified microspheres and remained stable throughout the incubation under physiological conditions.
Effect of Solvents and Dispersants on the Bundle Dissociation of Single-walled Carbon Nanotube (2005)

Single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are severely restricted in their applications, as they exist in rope‐like bundles. Recently, J. Coleman et al. demonstrated a spectroscopic method to monitor bundle dissociation in low concentration polymer‐nanotube dispersions. The method relies on the measurement of the ratio of free‐polymer to the nanotube‐bound polymer in the SWCNT‐polymer solutions via luminescent spectroscopy. A theory has been developed to transform this data into the bundle surface area, which is of course related to the bundle size. This method clearly shows that individual, isolated SWCNT are stable in low concentration dispersions. In an effort to broaden the understanding of the physical processes governing the NT de‐bundling a short‐chain molecule has been examined. We found a strong dependence of the concentration at which individual NTs become stable with the nature of the solvent.
Breaking the walls: scene partitioning and portal creation (2004)

In this paper, we revisit the cells-and-portals visibility methods, originally developed for the special case of architectural interiors. We define an effectiveness measure for a cells-and-portals partitioning, and introduce a two-pass algorithm that computes a cells-and-portals partition. The algorithm uses a simple heuristic that creates short portals as a mean for generating an effective partition. The input to the algorithm is a set of half edges in 2D that can be extracted from a complex polygonal model. The first pass of the algorithm creates an initial partition, which is then refined by the second pass. We show that our method creates a partition that is more effective than the common BSP partition, even when the latter is further refined with the application of our second pass. Our cells-and-portals algorithm is designed to deal with arbitrarily oriented walls. The algorithm also supports outdoor scenes, where the vertical walls of the buildings served as occluders and portals are extended above the buildings. We show that the extended portals allow an output-sensitive rendering of large urban scenes. Finally, since our two-pass method is fully automatic and local, it supports incremental changes of the model by locally recomputing and updating the partition. We call our method "Breaking the Walls" (BW) since it breaks out of indoor scenes to outdoor scenes, and allows walls to be broken interactively, with an instant updating of the partition.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Egyptian pediatric cancer patients with acute and chronic active HBV infection (2007)

These findings show the distribution of HBV A-D genotypes in pediatric cancer Egyptian patients. Furthermore, our results indicate a markedly high prevalence of mixed A/D genotype infections in subjects with CAH and a possible association of mixed infections with the severity of liver diseases.
Suomi NPP VIIRS sensor data record verification, validation, and long‐term performance monitoring (2013)

The successful launch of the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership Satellite on 28 October 2011 with the key instrument Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite signifies a new era of moderate‐resolution imaging capabilities following the legacy of AVHRR and Moderate‐Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). After a year and half of calibration and validation, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is performing very well. By early 2013, the sensor data records have achieved provisional maturity status and have been used in the routine production of more than 20 environmental data records by users worldwide. Based on comparisons with MODIS, the VIIRS reflective solar band radiometric uncertainties are now comparable in reflectance to that of MODIS Collection 6 equivalent bands (within 2%) although radiance differences could be larger for several bands, while an agreement on the order of 0.1 K has also been achieved for the thermal emissive bands, except for bands with significant spectral differences or certain bands at extreme temperatures (below 200 K or above 343 K). The degradation in the VIIRS rotating telescope assembly mirrors is gradually leveling off after reaching ~30% and thus far has limited impact on instrument performance and products. Environmental data record users are generally satisfied with the VIIRS data quality which meets the product requirements. While the specific technical details are documented in other papers in this special issue and in Cao et al. (2013a), this paper focuses on the major findings of VIIRS calibration and validation since launch, radiometric performance validation, and uncertainties, as well as lessons learned.
First clinical trials of the Twente photoacoustic mammoscope (PAM) (2007)

Breast cancer dominates cancers in females. This burden on society and the room for improvements in the current practice of mammography have been stimuli for developing new modalities like photoacoustic mammography. At the University of Twente (UT), an instrument had been developed aimed at performing limited area scans on the human breast. This instrument is called the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope (PAM). The PAM is based on generating laserinduced ultrasound from absorbing structures in the breast. The heart of the instrument is a flat PVDF based detector matrix comprising 590 active elements. We show the performance characteristics of the ultrasound detector. The exciting source is an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with 5 ns pulses. A study protocol was designed to explore the feasibility of using the PAM to detect cancer in the breasts of patients. The protocol was executed at the Medisch Spectrum Twente by using the mammoscope to obtain photoacoustic region-of-interest (ROI) images of the suspect/symptomatic breasts. We compare the photoacoustic images obtained with x-ray mammograms and ultrasound images. We show photoacoustic images of ROI in one case where we attribute high intensity regions to tumor vascularization.
A Case of Thyroid Amyloidosis Misrecognized as Subacute Thyroiditis (2010)

Amyloid deposition in the thyroid is found in about 30-80% of the patients with primary or secondary amyloidosis. In a few patients with amyloidosis, the thyroid is enlarged and so called amyloid goiter occurs. The thyroid function usually remains normal, but occasionally hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis occurs in patients with thyroid amyloidosis. We have experienced one case of thyroid amyloidosis due to bronchiectasis and the patient developed painful goiter and transient thyrotoxicosis resembling subacute thyroiditis. Biopsies from the gastric antrum, duodenum, colon, kidney and thyroid were positive for deposition of amyloid. When patients have signs and symptoms of subacute thyroiditis, but they develop an unusual course, then the diagnosis of thyroid amyloidosis should be considered.
ADAPTATION OF A BREASTFEEDING MOTIVATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEASUREMENT SCALE INTO A THAI CULTURAL SETTING (2014)

The aim of this study was to achieve a Thai version of a breastfeeding motivational instructional measurement scale. Methods: Following WHO translation and adaptation guidelines the breastfeeding scale was adapted into a Thai cultural setting and pilot-tested in an urban University hospital. Findings: The scale correctly measured the motivational constructs. Pre-testing of the Thai version showed the initial translation of the scale was too literal and required more clarity in the instructions. Some women found the 51 items scale too long and complicated. Cultural values influenced their understanding of concepts and their responses to the questions. Lessons learned for the adaptation of other behaviour measurement tools include a well-defined process and the value of the involvement of experts, staff and mothers in the process for additional insight into cultural adaptation process. Conclusions: Successful adaptation of a breastfeeding measurement scale requires a rigorous process, a clear understanding of the cultural setting and stakeholder involvement to ensure validity, reliability and effectiveness.
Enzymatic Scouring to Improve Cotton Fabric Wettability (1998)

The ability of pectinase, cellulase, protease, and lipase enzymes to improve the surface wetting properties of raw and pre-treated cotton fabrics is studied. When applied alone to raw cotton fabrics, pectinase, lipase, and protease treatments provide very little improvement in water wetting and retention properties. A combination of pectinase and cellulase significantly improves water wetting and retention properties similar to those of commercially scoured cotton fabrics. A water pretreatment at 100°C enhances the effectiveness of subsequent pectinase and cellulase reactions. Pectinase following the 100°C water pretreatment produces improved wettability with the least weight loss and dimensional change. Cellulase treatments on scoured fabrics further enhance water wettability and whiteness, but with significant reductions in fabric weight, thickness, and strength.
Molecular regulation of androgen action in prostate cancer (2006)

Androgens are critical regulators of prostate differentiation and function, as well as prostate cancer growth and survival. Therefore, androgen ablation is the preferred systemic treatment for disseminated prostate cancer. Androgen action is exerted in target tissues via binding the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor. Historically, the gene expression program mediated by the AR has been poorly understood. However, recent gene expression profiling and more traditional single-gene characterization studies have revealed many androgen-regulated genes that are important mediators of androgen action in both normal and malignant prostate tissue. This review will focus on the androgen-regulated gene expression program, and examine how recently identified androgen-regulated genes are likely to contribute to the development and progression of prostate cancer. We will also summarize several recent studies that have attempted to unravel how these genes are deregulated in androgen depletion independent prostate cancer.
An Attempt for an Emergent Scenario with Modified Chaplygin Gas (2016)

The present work is an attempt for emergent universe scenario with modified Chaplygin gas. The universe is chosen as spatially flat FRW space-time with modified Chaplygin gas as the only cosmic substratum. It is found that emergent scenario is possible for some specific (unrealistic) choice of the parameters in the equation of state for modified Chaplygin gas.
Hybrid membranes based on SiO<sub>2</sub>/polyether‐<i>b</i>‐polyamide: Morphology and applications (2001)

Abstract Hybrid materials were prepared incorporating silica networks by the sol–gel process into the poly(amide‐ b ‐polyether) block copolymer PEBAX®. PEBAX®/silica hybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The pervaporation of phenol from dilute aqueous solutions through hybrid membranes was investigated. Films prepared with lower silica contents showed better dispersed inorganic networks and were more selective in the pervaporation of phenol/water solutions. Films prepared with higher silica contents had a clear phase‐separated morphology with lower performance in pervaporation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 178–185, 2001
In vivo "photofootprint" changes at sequences between the yeast GAL1 upstream activating sequence and "TATA" element require activated GAL4 protein but not a functional TATA element. (1988)

Transcription of the yeast GAL1 and GAL10 genes is induced by growth on galactose. Using the technique of photofootprinting in vivo, we previously documented equivalent transcription-dependent footprints within the putative "TATA" elements of both genes. To explore the functional significance of these observations, we created a 3-base-pair substitution mutation within the GAL1 promoter TATA element, which disrupted the ATATAA consensus sequence but left intact the photomodification targets. The mutation reduced galactose-induced RNA levels by a factor of 100. The mutant promoter no longer displayed the characteristic TATA sequence footprint, supporting the hypothesis that transcription activation involves the binding of a TATA box factor. We also observed a collection of transcription-correlated alterations in the modification pattern at sites between the UASG and the GAL1 TATA element, within sequences that are not required for inducible transcription. These patterns, characteristic of the induced wild-type GAL1 gene, were still galactose inducible with the TATA mutant GAl1 promoter, despite the low level of transcription from this promoter. We conclude that the GAL4-dependent protein/DNA structure responsible for the altered pattern within nonessential sequences is therefore not strictly coupled to an active TATA element or to high levels of expression. Nonetheless, the patterns probably reflect a stable protein-dependent structure that accompanies assembly of the transcription initiation complex.
A New Flowmeter for Production Logging and Well Testing (1987)

ABSTRACT There are two primary reasons to utilize a flowmeter. One reason is to measure total flow rate at different depths in a well. Total flow is then used for a single phase flow profile or used in conjunction with other sensors to produce a multiphase flow profile. Measurement of transient rate in conjunction with pressure transient testing is another use of the flowmeter. The analysis of these transients then yields reservoir parameters such as permeability, skin, and reservoir pressure. In either case, flow rates must be accurately measured or gross errors in the final interpretation will result. Multiphase flow, especially in deviated wells, often results in an unpredictable flowmeter response. Most wells are multiphase downhole with a high percent of water present even though little or no water is being produced at the surface. This downhole condition makes it difficult to derive an accurate flow rate from a measured spinner speed. Petal basket flowmeters attempt to force fluids into a flow regime that can be measured but fail because all of the flow is not diverted through the metering section. A new flowmeter is described that has a linear, predictable response in single and multiphase flow and results in a much better measurement of downhole flow rates. Flow loop data are presented, comparisons are made of the new flowmeter response with other flowmeter responses and the results of field tests are discussed.
Induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) during epidermal invasion of the stroma in human skin organ culture: keratinocyte stimulation of fibroblast MMP-1 production (2001)

Organ cultures of human skin were incubated for 8 days under growth factor-free conditions or exposed to 10 ng ml(-1) of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) during the incubation period. Normal histological features were preserved in the absence of growth factor, while epithelial cells underwent a proliferative response and invaded the underlying stroma in the presence of exogenous EGF. The same concentrations of EGF that induced stromal invasion also resulted in up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9; 92-kD gelatinase B) in organ culture and keratinocyte monolayer culture, and expression of MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase) in organ culture and fibroblast monolayer culture. When skin organ cultures were exposed to a potent, irreversible EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase (EGF-RTK) antagonist along with EGF, abnormal histological features were reversed, and MMP-9 production was suppressed. In contrast, EGF-RKT antagonism had only a modest inhibitory effect on MMP-1 production. Culture fluid from keratinocytes grown in monolayer culture stimulated fibroblast proliferation and MMP-1 elaboration. Treatment of fibroblasts with the same EGF-RTK antagonist inhibited keratinocyte-induced fibroblast proliferation but had only a modest inhibitory effect (approximately 20% inhibition) on MMP-1 production. In contrast, treatment of dermal fibroblasts with Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist had no effect on keratinocyte-induced fibroblast growth but strongly inhibited MMP-1 production (greater than 70% inhibition). These data indicate that stromal invasion by epithelial cells in EGF-treated skin is associated with events occurring in both the epidermis and dermis. The direct effect of the exogenous growth factor appears to be primarily on the epidermis. Dermal events reflect, at least in part, a response to factors elaborated in the epidermis.
Total Synthesis of Bleomycin A2 and Related Agents. 1. Synthesis and DNA Binding Properties of the Extended C-Terminus: Tripeptide S, Tetrapeptide S, Pentapeptide S, and Related Agents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of Bleomycin A2 and Related Agents. 1. Synthesis and DNA Binding Properties of the Extended C-Terminus: Tripeptide S, Tetrapeptide S, Pentapeptide S, and Related AgentsDale L. Boger, Steven L. Colletti, Takeshi Honda, and Royce F. MenezesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 5607–5618Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1259Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Low Complexity Tone Reservation Scheme Based on Time-Domain Kernel Matrix for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems (2015)

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem is a main challenge for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. In this paper, the proposed scheme reduces the PAPR with low complexity, by utilizing the time-domain kernel matrix to generate the peak reduction signals. With the time-domain kernel generated only once or offline, there are no IFFT/FFT operations in the peak reduction iterations. Also, we performed simulations and results indicated that the algorithm converges to the threshold in about three iterations, so the hardware complexity and time complexity of this scheme are relatively low to achieve a comparable peak reduction as some other tone reservation schemes.
Fiber-linked interferometric pressure sensor (1987)

A fiber-optic pressure sensor is described which uses a diaphragm to modulate the mirror separation of a Fabry–Perot cavity (the sensing cavity). A multimode optical fiber delivers broadband light to the sensing cavity and returns the spectrally modulated light which the cavity reflects. The sensor’s output spectrum is analyzed using a tunable Fabry–Perot cavity (the reference cavity) to determine the mismatch in the mirror separations of the two cavities. An electronic servo control uses this result to cause the mirror separation of the reference cavity to equal that of the sensing cavity. The displacement of the pressure-sensing diaphragm is then obtained by measuring the capacitance of the reference cavity’s metal-coated mirrors. Relative to other fiber-optic sensors, an important advantage of this instrument is its high immunity to the effects of variations in both the transmissivity of the fiber link and the wavelength of the optical source.