gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Behavior of Ti-Ni Alloys in Acidic Chloride Solutions (1972)

A study has been made of the electrochemical behavior of titanium, nickel, and various titanium-nickel alloys, containing 2, 3.5, 4.5, 28.5, 38, and 98 wt % nickel, in an acidified (pH = 1) 3.5% NaCl solution, both at ambient temperature and at the boiling point. The anodic and cathodic polarization behavior was studied using a Wenking potentiostat and surface film growth characteristics were examined using a Rudolph thin film ellipsometer. Cathodic polarization studies showed that the introduction of Ti2Ni, by alloying titanium with nickel, greatly facilitated the overall cathodic reaction, both in ambient temperature and boiling solutions. Anodic polarization showed that the introduction of Ti2Ni in the alloy generates a surface which is passive in the boiling solution. These and other results are discussed in terms of the current understanding of the electrochemical behavior of titanium alloys, and it is concluded that Ti2Ni increases the corrosion resistance of titanium in hot acidic chloride solutions by increasing the efficiency of the cathodic process, thereby creating a mixed potential which is in the passive potential range of titanium. No susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was detected in the commercially available titanium-2 wt % nickel alloy on testing in the boiling acidified chloride solution for a period of 500 hours.
Chymase-Dependent Generation of Angiotensin II from Angiotensin-(1-12) in Human Atrial Tissue (2011)

Since angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] is a non-renin dependent alternate precursor for the generation of cardiac Ang peptides in rat tissue, we investigated the metabolism of Ang-(1-12) by plasma membranes (PM) isolated from human atrial appendage tissue from nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery for primary control of atrial fibrillation (MAZE surgical procedure). PM was incubated with highly purified ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) at 37°C for 1 h with or without renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors [lisinopril for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), SCH39370 for neprilysin (NEP), MLN-4760 for ACE2 and chymostatin for chymase; 50 µM each]. ¹²⁵I-Ang peptide fractions were identified by HPLC coupled to an inline γ-detector. In the absence of all RAS inhibitor, ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) was converted into Ang I (2±2%), Ang II (69±21%), Ang-(1-7) (5±2%), and Ang-(1-4) (2±1%). In the absence of all RAS inhibitor, only 22±10% of ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) was unmetabolized, whereas, in the presence of the all RAS inhibitors, 98±7% of ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) remained intact. The relative contribution of selective inhibition of ACE and chymase enzyme showed that ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) was primarily converted into Ang II (65±18%) by chymase while its hydrolysis into Ang II by ACE was significantly lower or undetectable. The activity of individual enzyme was calculated based on the amount of Ang II formation. These results showed very high chymase-mediated Ang II formation (28±3.1 fmol × min⁻¹ × mg⁻¹, n = 9) from ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1-12) and very low or undetectable Ang II formation by ACE (1.1±0.2 fmol×min⁻¹ × mg⁻¹). Paralleling these findings, these tissues showed significant content of chymase protein that by immunocytochemistry were primarily localized in atrial cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time in human cardiac tissue a dominant role of cardiac chymase in the formation of Ang II from Ang-(1-12).
MODELAMIENTO MATEMÁTICO EN LOS PROCESOS DE LIXIVIACIÓN DE MINERALES AURÍFEROS Y CUPRÍFEROS EN SISTEMAS QUÍMICOS (2012)

En el presente trabajo se hace la revision, deduccion y aplicacion de modelos matematicos en la cuantificacion de la cinetica de reaccion de procesos de lixiviacion de minerales sulfurados nacionales en sistemas quimicos. La interaccion entre las particulas de mineral y la solucion lixiviante es controlada por tres posibles mecanismos: por reaccion quimica, por difusion a traves del lecho poroso y por transferencia de masa; cada mecanismo tiene su propia modelacion matematica y condiciones parametricas. Se presentan corridas experimentales de lixiviacion de minerales auriferos y cupriferos, en los cuales se muestran sus ecuaciones cineticas de control de las variables mas relevantes. Se muestran tambien otros modelos empiricos que se emplean para dilucidar la fenomenologia de la lixiviacion de especies minerales llamese calcopirita, esfalerita y galena.
The conical <i>z</i> -pinch plasma gun (1967)

An investigation of a conical z-pinch plasma gun, using a high speed camera and magnetic probes, has shown that a conical current sheet implodes to form a highly luminous axial pinch. The plasma and the current sheet at the muzzle of the gun are always symmetrical about the axis. The interaction between the azimuthal magnetic field and the current sheet ejects a plasma blob containing more than 10% of the injected gas. The conversion efficiency of capacitor energy into flow energy is 3%. A second, slower, plasma blob is also ejected.
Quantitative analysis and applications of non-invasive temperature estimation using diagnostic ultrasound (2002)

A quantitative analysis of a two-dimensional non-invasive real-time temperature-change estimation algorithm based on diagnostic backscattered ultrasound RF-data is presented in this paper. An experimental system consisting of a therapeutic ultrasound unit and an ultrasound imaging unit was used to quantitatively characterize the accuracy, spatial resolution and ripple artifacts of the temperature estimates in a rubber phantom heating experiment. The ripple is shown to be a consequence of the thermo-acoustic lens effect resulting from local changes of the speed of sound in heated regions. Non-invasive temperature estimates were used as inputs to a multipoint ultrasound phased array temperature controller, for a long duration hyperthermia experiment. The applicability of this method to tissue media, as well as its major limitations are discussed.
On decoding techniques for residue number system realizations of digital signal processing hardware (1978)

In a recent issue of this journal, a hardware implementation of the Chinese Remainder Theorem was proposed for the translation of residue coded outputs into natural integer for an FIR filter realization. The method requires a modulo <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> adder-shifter network which is not commercially available and has to be constructed from more basic logic elements. This letter presents a more successful technique based on a mixed-radix conversion process. The residue to binary decoder can be built using commercially available elements and requires shorter word lengths in the ROM which stores the output function.
Bis-ammonium Salts. Unsymmetric Derivatives of Decahydroquinoline and of Decahydroisoquinoline (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis-ammonium Salts. Unsymmetric Derivatives of Decahydroquinoline and of DecahydroisoquinolineAllan P. Gray, Donald E. Heitmeier, and Chester J. CavallitoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 3, 728–730Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01512a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01512a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-resolution measurement of polarization dependent loss (1993)

Polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is the dependence of insertion loss on the state of polarization (SOP) of the input light. Previous efforts to measure PDL of components had an uncertainty of more than 0.01 dB, primarily due to the PDL of the measurement equipment itself. A method that uses an erbium-doped-fiber depolarizer, resulting in a test set with an uncertainty of+or-0.001 dB, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An effective light-extracting microstructure for a single-sheet backlight unit for liquid crystal display (2012)

A single-sheet backlight unit (BLU) for a liquid crystal display (LCD) with improved light extraction efficiency was developed. A new microstructure on the light-guide plate (LGP), namely a merged-dot pattern, is proposed. The effective emission area was significantly increased by using the proposed light-extracting structure, resulting in high light extraction efficiency. Through optical simulation, we investigated the effect of the enlarged emission area on the luminance and vertical light emitting performance of the single-sheet LGP. Then, in order to verify the simulation result, we fabricated a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) LGP containing the proposed light-extracting microstructure by using backside 3D diffuser lithography and the PDMS replication processes. The fabricated single-sheet BLU showed an average luminance of 4197 cd m−2 with four 0.97 cd LEDs, corresponding to 27.8% enhancement over the LGP without the merged-dot patterns.
Capacity losses in wireless CDMA networks using imperfect decorrelating space-time Rake receiver in fading multipath channel (2006)

In this paper we analyze the impact of system imperfections on the overall cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) radio network performance. The theory is general and some examples of practical sets of channel and system parameters are used as illustration. A flexible signal model, based on the complex signal format, is used enabling us to model all wideband CDMA standards. For such a signal, we first derive a complex decorrelator structure. In the next step imperfections in the operation of a decorrelating space-time Rake combiner are modeled and analyzed. Relative capacity losses and the network sensitivity function are used as performance measures. Simulations are also performed to confirm some of the key assumptions made in the analysis. Numerical results show that the user capacity varies significantly depending on the multipath profile, diversity order, fading rate, and code crosscorrelations. It is shown that up to 97 % of the system capacity can be lost due to the system imperfections. More, advanced and robust parameter estimators and/or multiuser detectors are needed to alleviate these degradations at the cost of increased complexity
Oral fluid therapy of cholera among Bangladesh refugees. 1973. (2001)

In 1971 a crucial field trial of oral glucose-electrolyte solutions in the treatment of cholera was carried out in Bongaon India when the disease appeared in a population of war refugees. A total of 3703 patients including severe cases treated initially with limited supplies of parenteral fluids and mild to moderately severe cases treated with oral therapy alone were admitted to the Bongaon treatment center; the overall case/fatality ratio was 3.6%. A special demonstration unit provided treatment for 1190 of these patients with a case/fatality ratio of 1%. Advantages of the oral solution included local availability of ingredients minimal cost of preparation and transport ease of administration safety in the hands of inexperienced personnel after only brief instructions early accessibility of treatment and reasonable effectiveness especially when used very early in the course of the disease prior to extreme dehydration shock and acidosis. In severe cases considerable sparing of intravenous fluids resulted from the adjunct use of the oral solution.
Designing Secure Web-Based Applications for Microsoft Windows 2000 with CDROM (2000)

From the Publisher:
Today, businesses use networks consisting of intranets, Internet sites, and extranets, all of which extend the network, requiring increased system security. In addition, confidential information may be stored on mobile computing devices, which are subject to theft and loss. 
Windows 2000 provides end-to-end security that lets organizations integrate systems both inside and outside the corporate network boundaries, while providing complete access control and data protection. Security features include advanced techniques for identifying who is accessing the system, including the use of digital keys to access selected data, and a single ID that permits users to access not only their own computer, but also other shared resources (such as printers or files) on the corporate network, the Internet, or even a business partner's network
PRODUCTION AND REGULATION OF INHIBIN SUBUNITS IN PITUITARY GONADOTROPES (1989)

Two related proteins, inhibin and activin, are produced and secreted by the gonads and act at the pituitary to regulate FSH secretion. In the present study, the alpha and beta B, but not the beta A, polypeptide subunits of inhibin were localized in the cytoplasm of FSH- and LH-immunoreactive (ir) gonadotropes. Ovariectomy (OVX) increased the size and number of cells immunoreactive for inhibin-alpha and -beta B as well as the mRNAs encoding these subunits. Treatment with estrogen prevented these effects. These results suggest that pituitary gonadotropes are sources, as well as targets, of inhibin-related peptides, whose expression in the pituitary is modulated by ovarian factors.
Pairs Trading Profits in Commodity Futures Markets (2009)

This study employs a pairs trading investment strategy on daily commodity futures returns. The study reveals that pairs trading in similarly related commodity futures earns statistically significant excess returns with commensurate volatility. The excess returns from pairs trading in commodity futures are unrelated to conventional market risk factors and they are not associated with classic contrarian investing. The evidence of pairs trading profits in commodity futures supports the view that these profits reflect compensation to arbitrageurs for enforcing the law of one price in similarly related markets to ensure market efficiency.
Strange bedfellows: issues in object naming under Unix (2002)

Naming plays a key role in the design of any system that exports services or resources. Object systems may export many different categories of names: instances, components of records, types, etc. Operating systems export the names of files, devices, and services. Integrating an object base with existing operating system facilities can improve accessibility of the object base resources. We consider the benefits and pitfalls of integrating an object base namespace with the Unix namespace.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effects of Chronic Hypoxemia on Central Auditory Processing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1985)

This study was designed to discover if chronic hypoxemia produced measurable deficits in subjects' ability to process complex auditory stimuli. In Part I, a group of normal middle-aged subjects and a group of middle-aged subjects with hypoxemia secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were compared with respect to their performance on a central auditory test battery. (The test battery included the Staggered Spondaic Word, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Contralateral Competing Message, Memory for Unrelated Words, Memory for Sentences, and a Competing Sentence-Binaural Separation Test). The COPD group's scores were significantly poorer than the normal group's on two of the six tests. The pattern of test scores suggested that chronic hypoxemia produced its principle deficiency at the brain stem level. Part II of this study examined the specific relationships between pulmonary function, arterial blood gas levels, and central auditory performance in this same group of COPD subjects. Statistical analyses revealed that subjects with better pulmonary function and higher arterial blood oxygen levels had better performance on tests of central auditory function.
Relationship between joint spacing and bed thickness in sedimentary rocks: effects of interbed slip (1998)

This paper consists of three parts. The first part presents a critical review of previous mechanical models on the relationship between joint spacing ( s ) and bed thickness ( t ) in sedimentary rocks. The second part describes a new mechanical model dealing with the effects of interbed slip on joint spacing. The third part presents the comparison between theoretical results of the model and joint data measured from Cambrian flysch sediments at Plage Victor in the Saint-Jean-Port-Joli area of the Quebec Appalachians. This study demonstrates two formation mechanisms of tensile joints: near-end fracturing takes place in the layers with smaller tensile fracture strength ( C 0 <30 MPa) and smaller interbed shear strength (τ 0 <20 MPa) while mid-point fracturing occurs in those layers with larger C 0 (>50 MPa) and τ 0 (>30 MPa) values. For the rocks with moderate tensile fracture strength (30< C 0 <50 MPa) and interbed shear strength (20<τ 0 <30 MPa), the near-end fracturing and mid-point fracturing take place preferentially in the thicker and thinner brittle layers, respectively. In the regime of near-end fracturing, the correlation between s and t is linear and independent of the thickness of the bounding non-jointing layers ( d ). In the regime of mid-point fracturing, however, the s – t relationship can be either linear or non-linear, depending on the variation of d value. The present study also suggests that the near-end fracturing is probably the prevailing process for the formation of tensile joints in bedded sedimentary rocks and that the coefficient of joint spacing ( K ) defined by the ratio of s to t is considered as an indicator of C 0 /(2τ 0 ) for the jointed layer.
Circulating Lysophosphatidylcholines Are Markers of a Metabolically Benign Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (2013)

From a plasma metabolomic pattern, particularly lyso-PCs are able to separate metabolically benign from malignant NAFL in humans and may highlight important pathways in the pathogenesis of fatty liver-induced insulin resistance.
Review of Lane Detection and Tracking Algorithms in Advanced Driver Assistance System (2015)

Lane detection and tracking is one of the key features of advanced driver assistance system.Lane detection is finding the white markings on a dark road.Lane tracking use the previously detected lane markers and adjusts itself according to the motion model.In this paper, review of lane detection and tracking algorithms developed in the last decade is discussed.Several modalities are considered for lane detection which include vision, LIDAR, vehicle odometry information, information from global positioning system and digital maps.The lane detection and tracking is one of the challenging problems in computer vision.Different vision based lane detection techniques are explained in the paper.The performance of different lane detection and tracking algorithms is also compared and studied.
Long‐term observations of the Arctic mesosphere with the MST radar at Poker Flat, Alaska (1981)

In this report we summarize the results of 22 months of observations of Arctic mesosphere echoes with the 50‐MHz radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. Operation with a partially complete system began in February 1979 and has continued on a nearly continuous basis to the present time. The altitude range of the mesospheric echoes obtained during this period shows a pronounced seasonal variation. During summer months the mesospheric echoes are relatively continuous in time and extend from about 80 to 100 km with an unexpectedly strong peak in signal‐to‐noise ratio at about 85 km. In contrast, in nonsummer months, mesospheric echoes are less intense and occur at lower altitudes in the range from 55 to 80 km. These lower‐altitude nonsummer echoes are observed primarily during daytime hours when energetic auroral particle precipitation (as determined by the Poker Flat 30‐MHz riometer) is present.
The effect of point mutation on the equilibrium structural fluctuations of ferric Myoglobin (2012)

The ultrafast equilibrium fluctuations of the Fe(III)-NO complex of a single point mutation of Myoglobin (H64Q) have been studied using Fourier Transform 2D-IR spectroscopy. Comparison with data from wild type Myoglobin (wt-Mb) shows the presence of two conformational substates of the mutant haem pocket where only one exists in the wild type form. One of the substates of the mutant exhibits an almost identical NO stretching frequency and spectral diffusion dynamics to wt-Mb while the other is distinctly different in both respects. The remarkably contrasting dynamics are largely attributable to interactions between the NO ligand and a nearby distal side chain which provides a basis for understanding the roles of these side chains in other ferric haem proteins.
New form of realisation of IIR switched-capacitor decimators (1993)

A new form of realisation of infinite impulse response switched-capacitor decimators is proposed. This is based on the amplifier-shared combination of a nonrecursive polyphase active-delay block structure and a recursive direct-form II structure and leads to a more general, systematic design methodology than currently available alternative solutions provide.
Effect of bilingualism and computer video game experience on the Simon task. (2006)

A group of 97 participants who were monolingual or bilingual and who had extensive practice playing computer video games or not completed two Simon tasks. The tasks were presented in two conditions that manipulated the number of response switches required in each block of trials. Bilingualism and video-game experience each influenced a different aspect of performance: Video-game players were faster in most conditions, including control conditions that did not include conflict from irrelevant position; bilinguals were faster only in a condition that required the most controlled attention to resolve conflict from the position and the stimulus. The results show the potential of experience to modify performance and point to subtle processing differences in various versions of the Simon task.
Scintillation Spectrometer with an Anticoincidence Annulus of NaI(Tl) (1959)

In the scintillation spectrometer described, the main detecting crystal of NaI(Tl) is enveloped by a hollow cylinder of NaI(Tl) in anticoincidence with the main crystal. This system completely suppresses the peaks associated with the escape of the two quanta from the annihilation following pair production, and it reduces the Compton background by a factor of 7 for 4.43-Mev gamma rays and by a factor of 5 for those of 6.1 Mev.