gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a new concept automatic frequency controller for an ultrasmall C‐band linear accelerator guide (2007)

We are developing a four-dimensional, image-guided radiotherapy system with a gimbaled x-ray head. The system has pursuing irradiation capability in addition to precise irradiation capability, owing to its agile x-ray head. The moving x-ray head requires a very small C-band accelerator guide. The heat intensity of the accelerator guide is much higher than that of conventional S-band medical linear accelerators. The resonance frequency varies over almost 1.0 MHz with a thermal time constant of about 30 s. An automatic frequency controller (AFC) is employed to compensate for this variation in resonance frequency. Furthermore, we noted that fast AFC response is important for step-and-shoot intensity modulation radiotherapy (IMRT), in which the beam is turned on and off frequently. Therefore, we invented a digital AFC, based on a new concept, to provide effective compensation for the thermal characteristics of the accelerator guide and to ensure stable and optimized x-ray treatment. An important aspect of the performance of the AFC is the capture-frequency range over which the AFC can seek, lock on to, and track the resonance frequency. The conventional, analog AFC used in S-band medical linear accelerators would have a capture-frequency range of about 0.9 MHz, if applied to our accelerator guide, and would be inappropriate. Conversely, our new AFC has a capture-frequency range of 24 MHz, which is well suited to our accelerator guide. The design concept behind this new AFC has been developed and verified. A full prototype system was constructed and tested on an existing accelerator guide at the rated x-ray output (500 cGy/min) of our radiotherapy system, with a pulse-repetition frequency of 300 Hz. The AFC acquired the resonance frequency of the accelerator guide within 0.15 s after beam-on, and provided stable tracking and adjustment of the frequency of the microwave source to the resonance frequency of the accelerator guide. With a planned improvement of the initialization of the AFC it should be able to acquire the resonance frequency within 33 ms.
Cache Hierarchy and Memory Subsystem of the AMD Opteron Processor (2010)

The 12-core AMD Opteron processor, code-named "Magny Cours," combines advances in silicon, packaging, interconnect, cache coherence protocol, and server architecture to increase the compute density of high-volume commodity 2P/4P blade servers while operating within the same power envelope as earlier-generation AMD Opteron processors. A key enabling feature, the probe filter, reduces both the bandwidth overhead of traditional broadcast-based coherence and memory latency.
Multimodal obstacle detection and collision avoidance for micro aerial vehicles (2013)

Reliably perceiving obstacles and avoiding collisions is key for the fully autonomous application of micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), Limiting factors for increasing autonomy and complexity of MAVs are limited onboard sensing and limited onboard processing power. In this paper, we propose a complete system with a multimodal sensor setup for omnidirectional obstacle perception. We developed a lightweight 3D laser scanner and visual obstacle detection using wide-angle stereo cameras. Detected obstacles are aggregated in egocentric grid maps. We implemented a fast reactive collision avoidance approach for safe operation in the vicinity of structures like buildings or vegetation.
Local anesthesia for neonatal circumcisions: are family practice residents likely to use it? (1990)

Dorsal penile nerve block with lidocaine (DPNB) is a local anesthetic technique for neonatal circumcision which is both effective and consistent with ethical concerns for infant welfare. As such, it should be included in training programs that prepare residents to care for newborns. To assess the current level of DPNB use by residents in a family practice training program and to identify attitudes and other factors that relate to use, a survey was sent to 127 residents in the Department of Family Practice and Community Health, University of Minnesota. Of the 101 respondents, 55% had used DPNB, and 17% could be characterized as high users, employing the technique for over one half of the circumcisions they performed. Residents with comprehensive understanding of the newborn's capacity to feel pain were more likely to be using DPNB than their less well-informed counterparts. Four factors were identified as predicting use: cooperation of nursery staff for the procedure, accessibility of instruction in PNB technique, belief that PNB is effective in reducing infant pain, and likelihood of parents giving consent for PNB. These results suggest strategies which may be implemented by family practice educators who wish to promote the principles and techniques of DPNB.
[Clinical aspects and follow-up of dopamine-induced psychoses in continuous dopaminergic therapy and their implications for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenic symptoms]. (1995)

We present the case reports of 11 Parkinsonian patients who developed acute psychosis under continuous dopaminergic stimulation. Psychopathologically, two of the patients mainly suffered from organic hallucinosis, while nine patients showed the clinical symptoms of delirium. The clinical course and psychopathological findings in these patients did not differ from other acute organic psychoses. However, the symptoms of these dopaminergically induced psychoses varied significantly from the psychopathological findings of paranoid schizophrenic patients who were regularly treated and evaluated in our clinic. These differences in symptoms and clinical course of dopamine-induced and schizophrenic psychosis do not support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of schizophrenic symptoms can be explained only by a hyperfunction of dopaminergic transmission. Instead, the involvement of other neurotransmitter system must be considered in order to explain the pathogenesis of schizophrenic symptoms on a neurobiological level.
Biological evaluation of the effect of sugammadex on hemostasis and bleeding (2015)

In this prospective observational study, the use of 2 and 4 mg/kg sugammadex was not associated with a longer clotting time or decreased hemoglobin concentrations. Future prospective investigations should study patients receiving 16 mg/kg sugammadex and/or with abnormal coagulation tests.
Tungsten disulfide (WS_2) based all-fiber-optic humidity sensor (2016)

We demonstrate a novel all-fiber-optic humidity sensor comprised of a WS<sub>2</sub> film overlay on a side polished fiber (SPF). This sensor can achieve optical power variation of up to 6 dB in a relative humidity (RH) range of 35%-85%. In particular, this novel humidity fiber sensor has a linear correlation coefficient of 99.39%, sensitivity of 0.1213 dB/%RH, and a humidity resolution of 0.475%RH. Furthermore, this sensor shows good repeatability and reversibility, and fast response to breath stimulus. This WS<sub>2</sub> based all-fiber optic humidity sensor is easy to fabricate, is compatible with pre-established fiber optic systems, and holds great potential in photonics applications such as in all-fiber optic humidity sensing networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Three‐Component Domino Reactions: Combinatorial Approach to Substituted 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Large-capacity strictly nonblocking optical cross-connects based on microelectrooptomechanical systems (MEOMS) switch matrices: reliability performance analysis (2001)

The reliability performance of 128/spl times/ 128 optical cross-connects (OXCs) based on microelectrooptomechanical systems (MEOMS) switch matrices is considered. First, we compare a strictly nonblocking wavelength selective switch with a strictly nonblocking three-stage Clos architecture. The probability of maintenance of free operation has been investigated for both OXC structures. We present our calculation results for such commonly used reliability measures as mean time between failures (MTBF), mean downtime (MDT) per gear, and steady-state unavailability. It is shown that the reliability performances of the considered OXCs are far from that requested. In this paper, we also investigate possibilities of improving the reliability performance of the considered OXCs by introducing shared redundancy of the MEOMS matrices. We propose two different protection schemes: one for the wavelength selective switch and another for the three-stage Clos architecture. It is shown that the proposed protection schemes significantly improve the reliability performance for both cases. Finally, we compare the performance of the all-optical version of the OXC based on MEOMS matrices with the optoelectronic version of the OXC based on electronic cross-point switch matrices. It is shown that from a reliability viewpoint, the optical cross-connect based on MEOMS matrices is better than that with electrical cross-point switches. The influence of capacity expansion on the system reliability is discussed.
Hormonal responses to graded surgical stress (1987)

• We tested the hypothesis that selected hormonal responses to surgery reflect the degree of surgical stress. Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, thromboxane B<sub>2</sub>, cortisol, serum angiotensin converting enzyme, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine levels were measured preoperatively, and then one hour, 24 hours, and five days postoperatively in three groups of patients. The groups were as follows: group 1, "minimal" stress, eg, inguinal hernia repair (n =10); group 2, "moderate" stress, eg, cholecystectomy (n =12); and group 3, "severe" stress, eg, subtotal colectomy (n = 9). Patients in group 1 showed no significant surgery-induced changes in hormonal values. The stress-Induced changes in patients in groups 2 and 3 were seen at one and occasionally 24 hours; however, by five days postoperatively, circulating hormone values had returned to preoperative levels. Increases in plasma cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and decreases in serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels characterized the surgery-induced hormonal changes. Conclusions are as follows: (1) hormonal responses do reflect the degree of surgical stress; (2) the hormonal changes are transient, lasting no longer than 24 hours in patients after uncomplicated surgery; (3) hormonal responses to minimal surgical stress are negligible. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1987;147:1273-1278)
Navigation capabilities of mid-cost GNSS/INS vs. smartphone: Analysis and comparison in urban navigation scenarios (2014)

Publisher Copyright: © 2014 International Society of Information Fusion.
Evolving Views of Pectin Biosynthesis (2013)

Recent progress in the identification and characterization of pectin biosynthetic proteins and the discovery of pectin domain-containing proteoglycans are changing our view of how pectin, the most complex family of plant cell wall polysaccharides, is synthesized. The functional confirmation of four types of pectin biosynthetic glycosyltransferases, the identification of multiple putative pectin glycosyl- and methyltransferases, and the characteristics of the GAUT1:GAUT7 homogalacturonan biosynthetic complex with its novel mechanism for retaining catalytic subunits in the Golgi apparatus and its 12 putative interacting proteins are beginning to provide a framework for the pectin biosynthetic process. We propose two partially overlapping hypothetical and testable models for pectin synthesis: the consecutive glycosyltransferase model and the domain synthesis model.
A Real-Time Map Refinement Method Using a Multi-Sensor Localization Framework (2018)

In today's world, automatic navigation for a robotic device (autonomous vehicle and robot) is a pre-requisite for many complex tasks, which requires a robust localization method. We focus in this paper on the topic of localizing such a robot into an absolute and imprecise map. We propose a multi-sensor self-localization method, which is simultaneously able to operate with an imprecise map, as well as to improve the precision of an already existing one. The method uses split covariance intersection filter as well as an a priori selection of the best informative measurements out of all possible measurement sources at each time step. This selection scheme is based on an “added Shannon information”-based criterion. We demonstrate in operation via statistical analysis the consistency of a refined map obtained from a biased map while keeping vehicle localization integrity. On top of this, we demonstrate solving of the so-called kidnapped-robot problem using the same framework.
Bootstrap Testing in Nonlinear Models (1999)

Bootstrap testing of nonlinear models normally requires at least one nonlinear estimation for every bootstrap sample. We show how to reduce computational costs by performing only a fixed, small number of Newton or quasi‐Newton steps for each bootstrap sample. The number of steps is smaller for likelihood ratio tests than for other types of classical tests and smaller for Newton's method than for quasi‐Newton methods. The suggested procedures are applied to tests of slope coefficients in the tobit model and to tests of common factor restrictions. In both cases, bootstrap tests work well, and very few steps are needed.
Formation of Micropeak Array on a Silicon Wafer (2000)

Marking on a silicon wafer with a small dot matrix has been performed using a diode-pumped second-harmonic generation (SHG) laser of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), liquid-crystal-display (LCD) mask, and projection optics. The image was obtained after laser irradiation through a patterned mask on the LCD. The each dot is a square with sides of 3.6 µm, the pitch of each dot is 4.5 µm and the height (not the depth) of each dot is approximately 0.5 µm. The height of the dot strongly depends on the laser energy density. The dot topography is unique, with a central peak and peripheral depression. We have named this topography “micropeak.” Regarding the shape of the micropeak, significant differences are observed from that of the textured Sombrero bump with a central peak. These differences are believed to result from the material of the substrate, i.e., silicon. We present a hypothesis of the micropeak formation mechanism: The density of silicon in the liquid state is greater than that in the solid state, which is a physical property. In the congealing process of molten silicon, a unique liquid-gas interface is formed, which first moves downward, and then upward, resulting in the micropeak.
Parallel implementation of motion-compensation for HDTV video decoder (1998)

A parallel motion compensation architecture is proposed for an HDTV video decoder. It is based on block layer picture partitioning. It adds a routing module between decoding engines and block layer memory modules. It can resolve memory access conflicts and avoid extra access delay. The simultaneous access and identical addressing properties make the control scheme very simple. The routing network can be implemented by a simple interconnection network. This architecture is applicable to macroblock structures of 4:2:0, 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 chroma formats. This architecture can be one of the solutions for a parallel HDTV video decoder.
Rational Design of Superhydrophilic/Superoleophobic Surfaces for Oil–Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Photopolymerization (2018)

We report a simple, rapid, and scalable strategy to fabricate surfaces exhibiting in-air superoleophobic/superhydrophilic wetting via sequential spray deposition and photopolymerization of nanoparticle-laden thiol-acrylate resins comprising both hydrophilic and oleophobic chemical constituents. The combination of spray deposition with nanoparticles provides hierarchical surface morphologies with both micro- and nanoscale roughness. Mapping the wetting behavior as a function of resin composition using high- and low-surface-tension liquid probes enabled facile identification of coatings that exhibit a range of wetting behavior, including superhydrophilic/superoleophilic, superhydrophobic/superoleophobic, and in-air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic wetting. In-air superhydrophilic/superoleophobic wetting was realized by a dynamic rearrangement of the interface to expose a greater fraction of hydrophilic moieties in response to contact with water. We show that these in-air superoleophobic/superhydrophilic coatings deposited onto porous supports enable separation of model oil-water emulsions with separation efficiencies up to 99.9% with 699 L·m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> permeate flux when the superhydrophilic/superoleophobic coatings are paired with 0.45 μm nylon membrane supports.
New completion fluids protect sensitive sands (1974)

A new completion fluid system has been developed, for use in oil and gas condensate wells, that contains fluid loss particles or bridging materials that are readily soluble and easily removed by produced liquid hydrocarbons. Trade named Solukleen, the patented fluid system was developed by Brinadd Co. Solubility characteristics of the new system are considered a major advantage in many wells where the only alternatives have been to use either filtered and treated saltwater or calcium carbonate type systems. Fluid properties can be varied over a wide range to meet requirements of a number of different applications such as: (1) circulating; (2) fighting lost circulation with pill-type injections; and (3) formation treating with a viscous, breaking-type fluid. A total of 50 field applications has been successfully performed with this new completion fluid.
A Deep and Autoregressive Approach for Topic Modeling of Multimodal Data (2015)

Topic modeling based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) has been a framework of choice to deal with multimodal data, such as in image annotation tasks. Another popular approach to model the multimodal data is through deep neural networks, such as the deep Boltzmann machine (DBM). Recently, a new type of topic model called the Document Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimator (DocNADE) was proposed and demonstrated state-of-the-art performance for text document modeling. In this work, we show how to successfully apply and extend this model to multimodal data, such as simultaneous image classification and annotation. First, we propose SupDocNADE, a supervised extension of DocNADE, that increases the discriminative power of the learned hidden topic features and show how to employ it to learn a joint representation from image visual words, annotation words and class label information. We test our model on the LabelMe and UIUC-Sports data sets and show that it compares favorably to other topic models. Second, we propose a deep extension of our model and provide an efficient way of training the deep model. Experimental results show that our deep model outperforms its shallow version and reaches state-of-the-art performance on the Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR) Flickr data set.
Radiometric cloud imaging with an uncooled microbolometer thermal infrared camera (2005)

An uncooled microbolometer-array thermal infrared camera has been incorporated into a remote sensing system for radiometric sky imaging. The radiometric calibration is validated and improved through direct comparison with spectrally integrated data from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). With the improved calibration, the Infrared Cloud Imager (ICI) system routinely obtains sky images with radiometric uncertainty less than 0.5 W/(m(2 )sr) for extended deployments in challenging field environments. We demonstrate the infrared cloud imaging technique with still and time-lapse imagery of clear and cloudy skies, including stratus, cirrus, and wave clouds.
Strong-Segregation Theory of Bicontinuous Phases in Block Copolymers (1995)

In a previous Letter In particular, we evaluated the free energy of the ordered bicontinuous double diamond (OBDD) morphology, and compared it to the lamellar and hexagonally packed cylinder (C) phases. By comparing upper bounds on the free energy for the candidate phases we identified a region in composition f, where f is the fraction of, for example, A in an A Bcopolym-er, where the OBDD structure could possibly be stable with respect to the C phase (0.19 ( f & 0.27).
Superacidity in Sulfated Metal–Organic Framework-808 (2014)

Superacids, defined as acids with a Hammett acidity function H0 ≤ -12, are useful materials, but a need exists for new, designable solid state systems. Here, we report superacidity in a sulfated metal-organic framework (MOF) obtained by treating the microcrystalline form of MOF-808 [MOF-808-P: Zr6O5(OH)3(BTC)2(HCOO)5(H2O)2, BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate] with aqueous sulfuric acid to generate its sulfated analogue, MOF-808-2.5SO4 [Zr6O5(OH)3(BTC)2(SO4)2.5(H2O)2.5]. This material has a Hammett acidity function H0 ≤ -14.5 and is thus identified as a superacid, providing the first evidence for superacidity in MOFs. The superacidity is attributed to the presence of zirconium-bound sulfate groups structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Naturally Engineered Glycolipid Biosurfactants Leading to Distinctive Self‐Assembled Structures (2005)

Self-assembling properties of "natural" glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosyl-erythritol lipids A and B (MEL-A, MEL-B), which are abundantly produced from yeast strains, were investigated by using the fluorescence-probe method, dynamic light-scattering (DLS) analysis, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), and synchrotron small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) analysis, among other methods. Both MEL-A and MEL-B exhibit excellent self-assembly properties at extremely low concentrations; they self-assemble into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) just above their critical-aggregation concentration (CAC). The CAC(I) value was found to be 4.0x10(-6) M for MEL-A and 6.0x10(-6) M for MEL-B. Moreover, the self-assembled structure of MEL-A above a CAC(II) value of 2.0x10(-5) M was found to drastically change into sponge structures (L3) composed of a network of randomly connected bilayers that are usually obtained from a complicated multicomponent "synthetic" surfactant system. Interestingly, the average water-channel diameter of the sponge structure was 100 nm. This is relatively large compared with those obtained from "synthetic" surfactant systems. In addition, MEL-B, which has a hydroxyl group at the C-4' position on mannose instead of an acetyl group, gives only one CAC; the self-assembled structure of MEL-B seems to gradually move from LUV to multilamellar vesicles (MLV) with lattice constants of 4.4 nm, depending on the concentration. Furthermore, the lyotropic-liquid-crystal-phase observation at high concentrations demonstrates the formation of an inverted hexagonal phase (H2) for MEL-A, together with a lamella phase (L(alpha)) for MEL-B, indicating a difference between MEL-A and MEL-B molecules in the spontaneous curvature of the assemblies. These results clearly show that the difference in spontaneous curvature caused by the single acetyl group on the head group probably decides the direction of self-assembly of glycolipid biosurfactants. The unique and complex molecular structures with several chiral centers that are molecularly engineered by microorganisms must have led to the sophisticated self-assembling properties of the glycolipid biosurfactants.