gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chitinolytic Activities of Streptomyces sp. TH-11 (2010)

Chitin is an abundant biopolymer composed of units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Chitin is the main component of the shells of mollusks, the cell wall of fungi and yeast and of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. The degradation of chitin is catalyzed by chitinases that occur in a wide range of organisms. Among them, the chitinases from microorganisms are extremely important for the degradation and recycling of the carbon and nitrogen trapped in the large amount of insoluble chitin in nature. Streptomyces sp. TH-11 was isolated from the sediment of the Tou-Chien River, Taiwan. The chitinolytic enzyme activities were detected using a rapid in-gel detection method from the cell-free preparation of the culture medium of TH-11. The chitinolytic enzyme activity during prolonged liquid culturing was also analyzed by direct measurement of the chitin consumption. Decomposition of the exoskeleton of shrimps was demonstrated using electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
Over-Moded Cavity for Multiple-Electronic-Device Wireless Charging (2014)

This paper discusses a shielded over-moded conductive cavity for wirelessly powering multiple electronic devices simultaneously. The demonstrated cavity is designed for 10-GHz powering with a subwatt transmitter. A study of methods to increase power density uniformity within the cavity is presented, including mechanical stirring, conductive and absorptive object loading, and frequency modulation. It is found that very small frequency modulation of less than 0.1% is sufficient to provide a practical level of power uniformity. A device-under-charge (DUT) consisting of a rectenna, microcontroller, power management circuit, solid-state battery, and ISM-band wireless transceiver is used to validate the study by monitoring the battery charging at various locations within the cavity. The demonstrated shielded three-dimensional charging method is scalable in frequency, volume, power, and number of devices that can be charged.
Stereospecific Halogenation of P(O)-H Bonds with Copper(II) Chloride Affording Optically Active Z<sub>1</sub>Z<sub>2</sub>P(O)Cl (2010)

A general and efficient method for the preparation of optically active Z1Z2P(O)Cl from the easily prepared optically active H-phosphinates and H-phosphine oxides was reported. H-Phosphinates and H-phosphine oxides react stereospecifically with CuCl2 to produce the corresponding optically active Z1Z2P(O)Cl with retention of configuration at the phosphorus center. Optically active Z1Z2P(O)Cl reacts easily with a variety of nucleophiles to produce other chiral organophosphorus acid derivatives with inversion of configuration at phosphorus.
CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoning (2016)

When building artificial intelligence systems that can reason and answer questions about visual data, we need diagnostic tests to analyze our progress and discover shortcomings. Existing benchmarks for visual question answering can help, but have strong biases that models can exploit to correctly answer questions without reasoning. They also conflate multiple sources of error, making it hard to pinpoint model weaknesses. We present a diagnostic dataset that tests a range of visual reasoning abilities. It contains minimal biases and has detailed annotations describing the kind of reasoning each question requires. We use this dataset to analyze a variety of modern visual reasoning systems, providing novel insights into their abilities and limitations.
Use of γ irradiation to eliminate DNA contamination for PCR (1990)

International audience
Acrobacias entre la teoría y la práctica de la ocupación (2015)

espanolEl presente documento, a traves de diversas propuestas teoricas y praxis, es una invitacion para ver como la disciplina de terapia ocupacional articula la teoria y la practica de forma coherente para dar respuesta a la complejidad de los retos ocupacionales del mundo actual. Par ello, se propone por un lado la practica reflexiva de terapia ocupacional que favorece el desarrollo profesional ofreciendo respuestas a la complejidad del mundo. Sin embargo, esta practica reflexiva requiere que los/as profesionales sean conscientes de: el impacto de las intervenciones, aprendan de la experiencia, examinen el conocimiento, reflexionen sobre los contextos de intervencion, analicen las principales asunciones teoricas en la practica, tomen conciencia de las teorias y desarrollen la practica. Ademas, se propone un plan para el desarrollo formativo. EnglishThis document, through various theoretical and praxis proposals, is an invitation to see how the discipline of occupational therapy combines theory and practice consistently to respond to the complexity of the occupational challenges of today's world. Therefore it is proposed a reflective occupational therapy practice that promotes professional development by providing answers to the world's complexity. However, this reflective practice requires professionals aware of: the impact of interventions, learn from the experience, knowledge examination, reflect on the contexts of intervention, discuss the main theoretical assumptions in practice, take awareness of theories and develop practice. In addition, it is proposed an educational development is proposed
Extending a mobile device's interaction space through body-centric interaction (2012)

Modern mobile devices rely on the screen as a primary input modality. Yet the small screen real-estate limits interaction possibilities, motivating researchers to explore alternate input techniques. Within this arena, our goal is to develop Body-Centric Interaction with Mobile Devices: a class of input techniques that allow a person to position and orient her mobile device to navigate and manipulate digital content anchored in the space on and around the body. To achieve this goal, we explore such interaction in a bottom-up path of prototypes and implementations. From our experiences, as well as by examining related work, we discuss and present three recurring themes that characterize how these interactions can be realized. We illustrate how these themes can inform the design of Body-Centric Interactions by applying them to the design of a novel mobile browser application. Overall, we contribute a class of mobile input techniques where interactions are extended beyond the small screen, and are instead driven by a person's movement of the device on and around the body.
A Triad Interaction in the Fingers Subdomain of DNA Polymerase Beta Controls Polymerase Activity (2011)

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is the main polymerase involved in the base excision repair pathway responsible for repairing damaged bases in the DNA. Previous studies on the H285D mutant of pol beta suggested that the C-terminal region of the polymerase is important for polymerase function. In this study, the C-terminal region of pol beta was mutated to assess its role in polymerization. Kinetic experiments showed that the C-terminal region is required for wild-type polymerase activity. Additionally, an interaction between the fingers and palm subdomain revealed itself to be required for polymerase activity. The E316R mutant of pol beta was shown to have a 29,000-fold reduction in polymerization rate with no reduction in nucleotide binding, suggesting that there exists a noncovalent mechanistic step between nucleotide binding and nucleophilic attack of the primer 3'-hydroxyl group on the α-PO(4) of the nucleotide. Molecular modeling studies of the E316R mutant demonstrate that disrupting the interaction between Arg182 and Glu316 disrupts the packing of side chains in the hydrophobic hinge region and may be hampering the conformational change during polymerization. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the triad interaction of Arg182, Glu316, and Arg333 is crucial for polymerase function.
Characterization of Na+/cotransporter isoform NBC-3 (1999)

Na + - HCO 3 − cotransporters mediate the transport of HCO 3 − into or out of the cell. Two Na + - HCO 3 − cotransporters (NBC) have been identified previously, which are referred to as NBC-1 and NBC-2. A cDNA library from uninduced human NT-2 cells was screened with an NBC-2 cDNA probe. Several clones were identified and isolated. Sequence analysis of these clones identified a partial coding region (2 kb) of a novel NBC (called here NBC-3), which showed 53% and 72% identity with NBC-1 and NBC-2, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that NBC-3 encodes a 4.4-kb mRNA with a tissue distribution pattern distinct from NBC-1 and NBC-2. NBC-3 is highly expressed in brain and spinal column, with moderate levels in trachea, thyroid, and kidney. In contrast with NBC-1, NBC-3 shows low levels of expression in pancreas and kidney cortex. In the kidney, NBC-3 expression is predominantly limited to the medulla. Cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) cells showed high levels of NBC-1 and low levels of NBC-3 mRNA expression. Subjecting the mutagenized mIMCD-3 cells to sublethal acid stress decreased the mRNA expression of NBC-1 by ∼90% but increased the Na + -dependent HCO 3 − cotransport activity by ∼7-fold (as assayed by DIDS-sensitive, Na + -dependent, HCO 3 − -mediated intracellular pH recovery). This increase was associated with ∼5.5-fold enhancement of NBC-3 mRNA levels. NBC showed significant affinity for Li + in the mutant but not the parent mIMCD-3 cells. On the basis of the widespread distribution of NBC-3, we propose that this isoform is likely involved in cell pH regulation by transporting HCO 3 − from blood to the cell. We further propose that enhanced expression of NBC-3 in severe acid stress could play an important role in cell survival by mediating the influx of HCO 3 − into the cells.
Dynamic and Galvanic Stability of Stretchable Supercapacitors (2012)

Stretchable electronics are emerging as a new technological advancement, since they can be reversibly stretched while maintaining functionality. To power stretchable electronics, rechargeable and stretchable energy storage devices become a necessity. Here, we demonstrate a facile and scalable fabrication of full stretchable supercapacitor, using buckled single-walled carbon nanotube macrofilms as the electrodes, an electrospun membrane of elastomeric polyurethane as the separator, and an organic electrolyte. We examine the electrochemical performance of the fully stretchable supercapacitors under dynamic stretching/releasing modes in different stretching strain rates, which reveal the true performance of the stretchable cells, compared to the conventional method of testing the cells under a statically stretched state. In addition, the self-discharge of the supercapacitor and the electrochemical behavior under bending mode are also examined. The stretchable supercapacitors show excellent cyclic stability under electrochemical charge/discharge during in situ dynamic stretching/releasing.
A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Disulfides from Thioacetates via Nickel Boride Catalyzed Methanolysis and Disproportionation (1995)

A variety of disulfides can be synthesized conveniently from thioacetates via the nickel boride (Ni2B) catalyzed methanolysis of thioacetates to the corresponding thiols and the subsequent disproportionation of the resulting thiols by the same catalyst. This process proceeds quantitatively under mild and neutral conditions without the use of oxidizing agents.
InnReach Project in Hong Kong (2003)

Author's Affiliation: City University of Hong Kong (Wong, Eva); University of Hong Kong (Palmer David)
Cure of B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis in mice by chronic indomethacin therapy combined with repeated rounds of interleukin 2: characteristics of killer cells generated in situ. (1988)

We had earlier shown that a single round of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in chronically indomethacin treated mice can totally or nearly totally ameliorate established, experimental lung metastases and reactivate natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer-like cells in the spleen. The present study examined whether a lasting cure of metastasis is obtainable by chronic indomethacin therapy (CIT) combined with single or multiple rounds of IL-2, and if so, what are the morphological, phenotypic, and functional properties of tumoricidal cells generated in situ. Experimental lung metastasis was produced in B6 mice by an i.v. injection of 10(6) B16F10 melanoma cells to compare therapeutic effects of six protocols: (a) CIT (14 micrograms/ml via drinking water) starting on day 5 when pulmonary micrometastases are well established; (b) CIT combined with a single round of IL-2 (25,000 units, i.p., every 8 h for 5 days on days 10 through 14); (c) CIT combined with two rounds of IL-2 (days 10-14 and 20-24); (d) two rounds of IL-2 alone; (e) two rounds of IL-2 plus indomethacin given only during the IL-2 therapy; and (f) which was similar to (c), but in addition, followed by repeated injections of IL-2 (25,000 units twice a day on Mondays and Fridays for 8 consecutive weeks). Results revealed that chronic indomethacin therapy alone or two rounds of IL-2 alone, or two rounds of IL-2 plus discontinuous indomethacin therapy reduced the lung metastases (examined at 21-25 days) by about two-thirds. In contrast, both single and multiple rounds of IL-2 in chronically indomethacin treated mice totally or nearly totally eradicated the lung metastases. However, long-term disease-free survival (greater than 13-16 months) resulted only with multiple rounds of IL-2. With chronic indomethacin therapy alone, NK-like (AGM-1+, Thy-1-,Lyt-2-) killer lymphocytes (capable of killing NK sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma and B16F10 melanoma targets) appeared in the spleen, but not lungs; no killer activity was generated in macrophages at either site. Addition of a single round of IL-2 generated lymphokine activated killer-like killer lymphocytes (also capable of killing an NK resistant target) of the same phenotype, but of higher activity in the spleen; some lymphokine activated killer-like killer function was generated among pulmonary lymphocytes which were AGM-1+, Thy-1+,Lyt-2-, as well as among splenic but not pulmonary macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Abstract PD09-04: Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) score predicts pathologic response following neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy in triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated breast cancer (BC) (2012)

Abstract Background: BC that arises in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is characterized by defective homologous recombination DNA repair. Given the clinical potential for DNA repair-targeted therapeutics, Myriad Genetics has developed a tumor DNA-based assay that can identify underlying defects in the homologous recombination pathway, regardless of etiology, including identification of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with high sensitivity. This study was designed to assess ability of the HRD score to predict pathologic response to neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC. Methods: The HRD score was assessed in a cohort of 55 fresh frozen tumors from pts with clinical stage I-IIIA triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC enrolled onto a single-arm, phase II study of neoadjuvant gemcitabine, carboplatin and iniparib. Following neoadjuvant therapy (4 cycles=11; 6 cycles=44), pathologic response was assessed using the residual cancer burden (RCB) index by a central pathologist. Twenty-nine tumors were obtained from responders (RCB 0/1) and 26 tumors were from non-responders (RCB 2/3). The HRD score was derived by count of the number of LOH regions (&gt;15 Mb and &lt; whole chromosome) observed in the tumor genome. Association of response to treatment and HRD score was performed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Germline BRCA1/2 mutation status was known in all pts and 13/55 tumors were from carriers of deleterious BRCA1 (n = 9), BRCA2 (n = 3) or BRCA1&2 (n = 1) mutations. Two mutation carriers had ER+/PR+(&gt;5%) BC. The mean HRD score for responders is 16.5 and no differences were noted between germline BRCA1/2 mutants vs. non-mutants. The mean HRD score for non-responders is 11.4. Among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, 12/13 achieved a favorable response. The one BRCA1 mutation carrier non-responder with TNBC had a low HRD score of 8. This pt was previously treated with chemotherapy twice 12 years prior for primary and locally recurrent contralateral TNBC. The p-value for association between response to treatment and HRD score by the Mann-Whitney U test is 0.004. If BRCA1/2 deficient samples are excluded, the association between response to treatment and HRD score remains significant (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis that includes HRD score, BRCA1/2 genotype, age, stage, tumor grade, PAM50 subtype, ER/PR status, and cycles of therapy will be presented together with data from an additional 35 pts. Enrollment to the therapeutic trial is complete and final clinical results will be separately presented. Conclusion: The HRD score is significantly correlated with pathologic response to platinum-based chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-04.
Antibodies to Plasmodium Falciparum Ring-Infected Erythrocyte Surface Antigen and P. Falciparum and P. Malariae Circumsporozite Proteins: Seasonal Prevalence in Kenyan Villages (1989)

Two cross-sectional surveys of 954 persons in Asembo Bay and Got Nyabondo, western Kenya, were performed in August-September 1986, after long rains, and in February-March 1987, after a comparatively dry season. Serologic testing was performed using an ELISA with synthetic peptides representing repeat amino acid sequences of the Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA), (EENV)5, (EENVEHDA)4, and (DDEHVEEPTVA)2 and repeat sequences (PNAN)5 and (NAAG)5 of the P. falciparum and P. malariae circumsporozoite proteins. In 1986, 45%, 73%, 72%, 85%, and 59% of the persons in Asembo Bay had antibodies to the respective peptides. In Got Nyabondo, the rates were 44%, 67%, 56%, 36%, and 41%, respectively. All positivity rates increased with age. When next determined in 1987, the positivity rates and levels of reactivity were generally unchanged in Asembo Bay, but were decreased in Got Nyabondo.
Biosync: An Informed Participatory Interface For Audience Dynamics And Audiovisual Content Co-Creation Using Mobile Ppg And {Eeg} (2013)

The BioSync interface presented in this paper merges the heart-rate basedparadigm with the brain-wave based paradigm into one mobile unit which isscalable for large audience real-time applications. The goal of BioSync is toprovide a hybrid interface, which uses audience biometric responses foraudience participation techniques. To provide an affordable and scalablesolution, BioSync collects the user's heart rate via mobile phone pulseoximetry and the EEG data via Bluetooth communication with the off-the-shelfMindWave Mobile hardware. Various interfaces have been designed and implementedin the development of audience participation techniques and systems. In thedesign and concept of BioSync, we first summarize recent interface research foraudience participation within the NIME-related context, followed by the outlineof the BioSync methodology and interface design. We then present a techniquefor dynamic tempo control based on the audience biometric responses and anearly prototype of a mobile dual-channel pulse oximetry and EEG bi-directionalinterface for iOS device (BioSync). Finally, we present discussions and ideasfor future applications, as well as plans for a series of experiments, whichinvestigate if temporal parameters of an audience's physiological metricsencourage crowd synchronization during a live event or performance, acharacteristic, which we see as having great potential in the creation offuture live musical and audiovisual performance applications.
Follistatin regulates the relative proportions of endocrine versus exocrine tissue during pancreatic development (1998)

In this study, we have investigated the role of the embryonic mesenchyme in the development of the pancreas. We have compared the development in vitro of E12.5 rat pancreatic rudiments grown in the presence or absence of mesenchyme. When the E12.5 pancreatic epithelial rudiment is cultured in the presence of its surrounding mesenchyme, both morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the exocrine component of the pancreas are completely achieved, while only a few immature endocrine cells develop. The pancreatic rudiments grown in the absence of mesenchyme develop in a completely different way; the exocrine tissue develops poorly and fails to undergo acinar morphogenesis, while the endocrine tissue develops actively. Four times more insulin-positive cells develop after removal of the mesenchyme than in the cultures performed in the presence of mesenchyme. Moreover, the insulin-expressing cells developed in the mesenchyme-depleted rudiments appear mature since they do not coexpress glucagon, express the glucose transporter Glut-2 and express Rab3A, a molecule associated with the secretory granules. Moreover, these endocrine cells are able to associate and form true islets. Both the inductive effect of the mesenchyme on the proper development of the exocrine tissue and its repressive effect on the development of the endocrine cells are mediated by soluble factors. Follistatin, which is expressed by E12.5 pancreatic mesenchyme, can mimic both inductive and repressive effects of the mesenchyme. Follistatin could thus represent one of the mesenchymal factors required for the development of the exocrine tissue while exerting a repressive role on the differentiation of the endocrine cells.
On a Theory of Computation over the Real Numbers; NP Completeness, Recursive Functions and Universal Machines (Extended Abstract) (1988)

We present a model for computation over an arbitrary (ordered) ring R. In this general setting, we obtain universal machines, partial recursive functions, as well as NP complete problems. While our theory reflects the classical over Z (e.g., the computable functions are the recursive functions) it also reflects the special mathematical character of the underlying ring R (e.g., complements of Julia sets provide natural examples of R.E. undecidable sets over the reals) and provides a natural setting for studying foundational issues concerning algorithms in numerical analysis.
COX-2 inhibitors in cancer treatment and prevention, a recent development (2002)

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the prevention of human cancers. NSAIDs block endogenous prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymatic activity. COX-2, a key isoenzyme in conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, is inducible by various agents such as growth factors and tumor promoters, and is frequently overexpressed in various tumors. The contribution of COX-2 to carcinogenesis and the malignant phenotype of tumor cells has been thought to be related to its abilities to (i) increase production of prostaglandins, (ii) convert procarcinogens to carcinogens, (iii) inhibit apoptosis, (iv) promote angiogenesis, (v) modulate inflammation and immune function, and (vi) increase tumor cell invasiveness, although some studies indicated that NSAIDs have COX-2-independent effects. A number of clinical trials using COX-2 inhibitors are in progress, and the results from these studies will increase our understanding of COX-2 inhibition in both cancer treatment and prevention. The combination of COX-2 inhibitors with radiation or other anti-cancer or cancer prevention drugs may reduce their side effects in future cancer prevention and treatment. Recent progress in the treatment and prevention of cancers of the colon, esophagus, lung, bladder, breast and prostate with NSAIDs, especially COX-2 inhibitors, is also discussed.