gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of hormones on growth and function of cultured canine tracheal epithelial cells (1988)

Insulin (INS), endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), transferrin (TF), cholera toxin (CT), hydrocortisone (HC), triiodothyronine (T3), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were systematically examined for their effects on proliferation, ion transport activity, and morphological differentiation of canine tracheal epithelial (CTE) cells in culture. INS, ECGS, TF, and CT increase proliferation of CTE cells cultured on plastic Petri dishes but exhibit no acute effect on the bioelectric activity of freshly excised CTE. CT increases amiloride-insensitive transepithelial ion transport across both freshly excised canine trachea and CTE cultures. EGF has no effect on proliferation of CTE cells on plastic but induces hyperplasia of CTE cells on collagen matrices. EGF does not alter basal transepithelial ion transport across cultures but increases cellular responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation. HC and T3 have no effect on proliferation or transepithelial bioelectric properties of CTE cells but improve morphological differentiation yielding cultures of complex epithelia containing cuboidal ciliated and nonciliated cells. These results demonstrate that growth and function of cultured CTE cells are affected by specific growth factors.
Physical cause of group velocity in normally dispersive, nondissipative media (1990)

A physical explanation for group velocity is given for the very common case of group velocity less than the phase velocity with negligible absorption. The underlying physics is that a nonpropagating or immobilized energy density must be present in the medium associated with the presence of the wave field. The individual waves carry energy forward in a wave packet and energize the medium in the forward portion of the packet. In the rear portion of the packet, the individual waves grow at the expense of the energy immobilized in the medium, the particle motions in the medium being in phase with the wave field and therefore capable of generating new waves in phase with the group of waves that produced them. The physics is conveniently described in terms of deep water waves, but the principles involved apply equally well to other dispersive, nonabsorbing media, including plasmas, dielectrics, and waveguides. The flux of energy can be expressed as the phase velocity times that part of the energy density that propagates with the individual waves or, averaged over a wave period, as the total energy density (including the energy immobilized in the medium) times the group velocity. This eliminates the confusion commonly present when an attempt is made to interpret the Poynting flux for electromagnetic waves in terms of the product of an energy density and the group velocity. The group velocity is just the weighted average velocity.
Traumatic basilar-cavernous fistula associated with aneurysm of basilar artery. (2000)

A 19-year-old boy's left temporal region was struck by a screwdriver, he immedietly lost consciousness for several minutes, when he came back he had a serious headache and obvious left ptosis. CT scanning showed an intracranial air accumulation and obvious traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 2 weeks later magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed a traumatic aneurysm in basilar artery. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed 4 weeks later, revealing a basilar-cavernous fistula and a saccular aneurysm of the basilar artery in his head. After the patient was treated with endovascular embolization therapies twice and with mechanical detachable spiral (MDS) for 5 months the patient was cured finally.
Analysis of a new induction heating device by using permanent magnets (2005)

This paper presents results obtained in the designing of a heating device, which utilized eddy current induced by rotating permanent magnets. The finite-element method, by using overlap grid coordinate system, is used for the eddy-current analyses. In order to solve eddy-current problems that consist of several conductive objects, which are moving in magnetic field, we have to remesh the region under consideration according to those positions, in the step-by-step computation. To reduce the computation time, a composite mesh scheme is introduced into such eddy-current problems. The heat conduction analysis is also carried out after calculating the eddy-current distributions. The results show that the device is very useful to dry powders and grains.
Design and performance of a high-resolution image sensor for color TV applications (1985)

This article describes the design and development leading to the fabrication of a high-performance frame-transfer CCD image sensor which can be used in a wide variety of consumer imaging applications, based on file NTSC color TV standard. The sensor is built using the virtual-phase CCD technology and has 488 lines and 780 pixels per line. The antiblooming structure incorporated in the device uses an electron-hole recombination principle, and the sensor is suitable for attachment of a separate striped color filter. Device processing and design considerations derived from the two-dimensional simulations of potential profiles are discussed together with other important parameters such as dynamic range, resolution, charge transfer efficiency, reduction of hot-hole effects, and clocking requirements. Some details of the cell layouts in various regions of the device are also briefly described. The overall sensor performance and application potential are demonstrated by showing the image reproductions of several test charts.
Effect of weekend 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) enema as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: Results from a randomized controlled study (2007)

This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of adding weekend 1 g 5-ASA enema to daily 3 g oral 5-ASA as maintenance therapy for UC.
Negative electron-beam resist hard mask ion beam etching process for the fabrication of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

The authors have demonstrated fabrication of 30 nm diameter perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using negative electron-beam resist (NER) as the ion beam etching (IBE) hard mask. The NER pillar of 30 nm diameter and 105 nm thickness was fabricated by electron-beam lithography. The redeposition of the MTJ etching debris generated during the IBE on the outer surface of the NER pillar increased the lateral etch resistance of the resist polymer, allowing the edge profile to remain constant for the duration of the MTJ etching, resulting in a vertical MTJ sidewall profile. A multistep IBE (repetition of 45° primary etching and 30° secondary etching) was conducted to reduce the MTJ sidewall redeposition while reducing mechanical damage. The measurement results showed a tunnel magneto-resistance ratio of 22% at 30 nm junction diameter.
The complementary insulated-gate bipolar transistor (CIGBT)-a new power switching device (1990)

A new power switching device, the complementary insulated-gate bipolar transistor (CIGBT), is described. The device achieves very high switching speeds typical of DMOS transistors, while it maintains the low on-state resistance of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) on which it is based. The device incorporates a p-channel MOS transistor which acts to draw excess charge out of the base region of the IGBT as the device is turned off. Fabricated devices whose specific on-resistance is only 20% greater than that of equal-area IGBTs display turn-off times under 700 ns, while the IGBTs require 35 mu s to reach the off state. The device is compared to equal-area IGBTs, DMOS transistors, and IGBTs whose minority-carrier lifetime has been reduced to achieve 700-ns turn-off times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE WESTERN ESTONIAN RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN 2006 AND 2010: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS (2012)

The region of Western Estonia consists of four counties, two of which are Estonian biggest islands in the Baltic Sea. The area is often regarded as one region; however, there are many differences between the counties and their rural municipalities, especially those that are separate islands connected with the mainland of Estonia only by ferry or air transport. Since the widening regional disparities appeared in the 1990s, the rural areas have suffered from many socio-economic problems like the loss of population, lower incomes, lower economic diversity, lower labour force participation and employment rate etc. The analysis of entrepreneurial activity is one way to study the socio-economic issues of a region and its enterprises. The aim of the research is to study the entrepreneurial activity in rural municipalities of the four Western Estonian counties in connection with the selected economic indicators. A hierarchical cluster analysis is conducted to group the rural municipalities on the basis of their entrepreneurial activity rate per 1000 inhabitants, share of sole proprietors, share of different sector enterprises and income per employee etc. The forty-eight rural municipalities of those counties are divided into three clusters.
New Silicotitanate Waste Forms; Development and Characterization (1999)

The objective of this program is to identify new waste forms and disposal strategies specific to crystalline silicotitanate (CST) secondary waste that is generated from cesium and strontium ion exchange processes. In particular, in situ heat treatment of CSTs to produce an alternative waste form is being examined. Waste forms that are developed in this work will offer an alternative to current disposal plans, which call for recombining the separated cesium, strontium-loaded CST into the high-activity waste (HAW) streams, then dissolving it in borosilicate glass. The goals of the program are to reduce the costs associated with CST waste disposal, minimize the risk of contamination to the environment during CST processing, and provide DOE with technical alternatives for CST disposal. Because there is uncertainty in repository availability and in waste acceptance criteria, it is likely that cesium and strontium-loaded ion exchangers will require short-term storage at Hanford or t hat new scenarios for long-term storage or disposal of nuclides with relatively short half-lives (such as 137Cs and 90Sr) will arise. Research activities in this program will generate information on the durabilities and stabilities of thermally consolidated CSTs so that the potential of these options as viable storage or disposal scenarios can be evaluated. The technical objectives of the proposed work are to fully characterize the phase relationships, structures, and thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of crystalline silicotitanate waste forms and to establish a sound technical basis for understanding key waste form properties, such as melting temperatures and aqueous durability, based on an in-depth understanding of waste form structures and thermochemistry.
CAN SOCIAL INTERACTION BE USED TO MEASURE ANXIETY? (1978)

1 Pairs of male rats were placed in a test box for 10 min and the time they spent in active social interaction was scored. Maximum active interaction was found when the rats were tested under low light in a box with which they were familiar. When the light level was increased or when the box was unfamiliar active social interaction decreased. 2 Exploration (time spent sniffing objects) decreased in the same way in relation to test conditions as did social interaction. As these decreased, defecation, and freezing increased. 3 Anosmic controls showed that the decrease in social interaction across test conditions could not be attributed to olfactory changes in the partner. 4 Chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) given chronically prevented or significantly reduced the decrease in social interaction that occurred in undrugged rats as the light level or the unfamiliarity of the test box was increased. Controls showed that this effect could not be entirely attributed to chlordiazepoxide acting selectively to increase low levels of responding. 5 The effect of chronic chlordiazepoxide contrasts with its action when given acutely; in the latter case it has only sedative effects. 6 Whether this test can be used as an animal model of anxiety is discussed and this test is compared with existing tests of anxiety.
Integration of Signals from Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and G Protein-Coupled Receptors (2002)

Activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leads to stimulation of classical G protein signaling pathways. In addition, GPCRs can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPKs, and thereby influence cell proliferation, cell differentiation and mitogenesis. Cross talk between GPCRs and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is an incredibly complex process, and the exact signaling molecules involved are largely dependent on the cell type and the type of receptor that is activated. In this review we investigate recent advances that have been made in understanding the mechanisms of cross talk between GPCRs and RTKs, with a focus on GPCR-mediated activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, GPCR-induced transactivation of RTKs, GPCR-mediated activation of JNK, and p38 MAPK, integration of signals by RhoGTPases, and activation of G protein signaling pathways by RTKs.
Bacterial catabolism of nonulosonic (sialic) acid and fitness in the gut (2010)

The term nonulosonic acid or sialic acid encompasses a varied group of nine-carbon amino sugars widely distributed among mammals and higher metazoans. Among bacteria, the ability to synthesize sialic acid was first examined in a small number of human pathogenic species that deposit sialic acid on their outer surface. New phylogenomic data suggest that the ability to synthesize sialic acid and sialic acid-like compounds is not a novel bacterial innovation but a much more widespread ancient trait. In contrast, the genes required for the catabolism of sialic acid are found only among pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. This ability to utilize sialic acid as a carbon source is correlated with bacterial virulence, especially, in the sialic acid rich environment of the gut. In this article, we present the most recent findings in sialobiology with a focus on sialic acid catabolism.
MR imaging in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease (1987)

MR imaging examinations of 20 patients with normal pancreas and of 38 patients with suspected pancreatic disease were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the ability of MR imaging to depict the normal and abnormal pancreas, establish MR criteria for various pancreatic diseases, determine if MR imaging can distinguish among various pancreatic diseases, and compare the usefulness of MR imaging with CT. In all 20 patients with normal pancreas and in 34 of the 38 patients with suspected pancreatic disease excellent or good evaluation of the pancreas was achieved. A 0.35-T magnet (Diasonics MT/S) was used, and both T1- and T2-weighted images were needed. T1 and T2 relaxation times and MR signal intensities showed no specific pattern to allow consistent differentiation between normal and diseased pancreatic tissue or to distinguish between tumor and inflammation. In the 29 patients in whom MR and CT images could be compared, MR imaging and CT provided equivalent information in 20 (69%). In 4 patients (14%), MR imaging added information, and in 5 patients (17%) of cases, MR imaging yielded less information than CT. MR imaging of the pancreas was found to be superior to CT in selected instances, such as in the staging of pancreatic neoplasms (n = 4) and in the evaluation of pancreatic disease after surgery (n = 3). We conclude that, at present, MR imaging should not be used as the screening method for pancreatic disease but should be reserved as an adjunct when the information provided by CT is insufficient.
A volume and tone control IC for HiFi audio (1981)

This paper will report on an audio IC with 0.002% distortion and a 100dB signal-to-noise ratio. The chip includes circuits for dual-channel volume control, tone control and function switching.
[Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis during treatment of malignant lymphoma and of pure red cell aplasia]. (2002)

Mesenteric vein thrombosis is an uncommon type of intestinal ischemia that can be associated with significant mortality if its diagnosis is delayed. We experienced two patients with hematological disorders--non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)--who developed superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis during treatment. Neither of the patients had underlying disorders of the anticoagulant system that might have produced a hypercoagulable state. The first patient developed SMV thrombosis immediately after chemotherapy for NHL. This patient also had portal hypertension due to chronic hepatitis B. Direct injury to endothelial cells by the anti-cancer drugs and alteration of blood flow were the probable causes of the SMV thrombosis. The second patient with PRCA had regularly taken prednisolone, and this had induced a hypercoagulable state. The clinical symptoms of SMV thrombosis are usually non-specific, and in our patients vague, crampy abdominal pain without bloody diarrhea was the only complaint. Abdominal CT scan under a clinical suspicion of SMV thrombosis revealed the thrombi in the SMV. Urgent surgical resection of the infarcted bowel and immediate postoperative anticoagulation resulted in a favorable outcome. Clinicians should be aware of the vague symptoms of SMV thrombosis, as early diagnosis and urgent therapy are essential to prevent a fatal outcome.
Modeling and design of novel passive MMIC components with three and more conductor levels (2002)

Novel passive MMIC components with 3, 4 or more conductor levels have been investigated. They are described by a simulation approach which is a generalization and improvement of previous approaches for 1 and 2 metal levels. Simulated S-parameters agree well with measurements for spiral inductors using 4 conductor levels. The design of MMIC broadband transformers with small space consumption and coverage of 2-3 octaves (5 to 22 GHz and 0.6 to 4.2 GHz, respectively) is discussed. Also, a compact broadband balun for 10-40 GHz operation is given as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poetry (2012)

One of the earliest surviving Greek poems describes the poet’s encounter with the Muses. While Hesiod was tending his sheep on the slopes of Mount Helicon, the goddesses ‘taught him beautiful song’, gave him a staff (the characteristic accoutrement of the poetic performers known as rhapsodes), breathed a divine voice into him, and commissioned him ‘to hymn the race of blessed immortals’. In the course of this encounter, the Muses say (Theogony 26–8):
Adaptive search range selection for scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC (2008)

This paper presents an adaptive search range selection based on prediction error and local statistics of the neighboring blocks. The performance, computation, and power consumption of block matching motion estimation algorithms in video coding standards depends on the motion search range. An optimal search range for each block is determined on the basis of motion vectors and prediction errors obtained for a region blocks for which those values have already been obtained. Same search range is utilized for different frames subjected to correlation of scalability. The result shows that there is a significant reduction of computational cost of video encoder, since a narrow search a range is chosen for area with little motion blocks. Thus, in encoding a video our method results in reduction of computation complexity of block based motion estimation by 45% with negligible PSNR degradation.
Über ein polymeres 2,3‐dimethylbutadienperoxyd (1951)

Abstract Bei der Autoxydation von 2,3‐Dimethylbutadien entsteht ein polymeres Peroxyd, das sich zumindest vorwiegend durch alternierende 1,2‐Mischpolymerisation des Diens mit molekularem Sauerstoff bildet. Durch thermische Zersetzung des polymeren Peroxyds in Suspension oder Verdünnung wurden als Bruchstücke Formaldehyd und Isopropenylmethylketon isoliert und identifiziert. Ein monomeres Dimethylbutadienperoxyd wurde nicht beobachtet.
Customizing Cyberspace : Methods for User Representation and Prediction (2004)

Cyberspace plays an increasingly important role in people’s life due to its plentiful offering of services and information, e.g. the Word Wide Web, the Mobile Web and Online Games. However, the usability of cyberspace services is frequently reduced by its lack of customization according to individual needs and preferences.\n\nIn this thesis we address the cyberspace customization issue by focusing on methods for user representation and prediction. Examples of cyberspace customization include delegation of user data and tasks to software agents, automatic pre-fetching, or pre-processing of service content based on predictions. The cyberspace service types primarily investigated are Mobile Commerce (e.g. news, finance and games) and Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs).\n\nFirst a conceptual software agent architecture for supporting users of mobile commerce services will be presented, including a peer-to-peer based collaborative filtering extension to support product and service recommendations.\n\nIn order to examine the scalability of the proposed conceptual software agent architecture a simulator for MMOGs is developed. Due to their size and complexity, MMOGs can provide an estimated “upper bound” for the performance requirements of other cyberspace services using similar agent architectures.\n\nPrediction of cyberspace user behaviour is considered to be a classification problem, and because of the large and continuously changing nature of cyberspace services there is a need for scalable classifiers. This is handled by proposed classifiers that are incrementally trainable, support a large number of classes, and supports efficient decremental untraining of outdated classification knowledge, and are efficiently parallelized in order to scale well.\n\nFinally the incremental classifier is empirically compared with existing classifiers on: 1) general classification data sets, 2) user clickstreams from an actual web usage log, and 3) a synthetic game usage log from the developed MMOG simulator. The proposed incremental classifier is shown to an order of magnitude faster than the other classifiers, significantly more accurate than the naive bayes classifier on the selected data sets, and with insignificantly different accuracy from the other classifiers.\n\nThe papers leading to this thesis have combined been cited more than 50 times in book, journal, magazine, conference, workshop, thesis, whitepaper and technical report publications at research events and universities in 20 countries. 2 of the papers have been applied in educational settings for university courses in Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden and USA.