gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Furan Over Zsm-5 Catalysts: A Model Biomass Conversion Reaction (2019)

Due to its low cost and availability, lignocellulosic biomass is receiving significant attention worldwide as a feedstock for renewable liquid bio-fuels. We have recently shown that zeolites can be added to a pyrolysis reactor to directly make aromatics from solid biomass in one single step in a process called catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP). The advantage of this approach is that valuable petrochemicals can be made directly from solid biomass in a single catalytic step using zeolite catalysts. However, little is known about the conversion chemistry that occurs within the zeolites during CFP. The objective of this thesis is to identify the key catalytic reactions that occur for conversion of biomass inside ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts using furan and its derivatives as model biomass compounds. The kinetic data and chemistry was obtained by using a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor, and an in-situ temperature-programmed reactor system. Furan adsorbs as oligomers at room temperature. These oligomers are converted into CO, CO2, H2O, olefins, monocyclic aromatics, and undesired polycyclic aromatics and coke at 400 - 600°C. An important route to form aromatics at 600°C is Diels-Alder reaction/dehydration where furan reacts with produced olefins and forms aromatics and water. The Diels-Alder reaction can be further utilized by co-feeding olefins with furanic compounds to tune the aromatics distribution. For example, in our experiments we were able to double toluene and triple xylenes selectivity for furan and 2-methylfuran CFP, respectively. Moreover, we synthesized a series of Ga-promoted catalysts to increase the rate of aromatics production. The aromatics selectivity obtained from furan conversion over Ga-containing ZSM-5 was 40% higher than unpromoted ZSM-5. The promotion was also observed in a bubbled fluidized-bed reactor used for pinewood CFP, where the aromatics yield was increased by 50% using a Ga-promoted ZSM-5 FCC catalyst. We finally fine-tuned ZSM-5 pores to impose more space confinement on aromatic products. These modified ZSM-5 increased p-xylene selectivity in xylenes from 32% to greater than 90% for conversion of 2-methylfuran and propylene while the overall p-xylene selectivity was increased from 5% to 15%. The Ga promotional effect was also observed on a spray-dried ZSM-5 catalyst. This study addresses the catalytic chemistry that occurs inside zeolites during CFP of biomass into aromatics using furan as a model biomass compound. Understanding this reaction chemistry can give us insight into how to design more effective zeolite catalysts and reactors for the efficient utilization of our biomass resources.
Mapping of the β2 Subunit Gene (GABRB2) to Microdissected Human Chromosome 5q34-q35 Defines a Gene Cluster for the Most Abundant GABAA Receptor Isoform (1994)

The gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) is a multisubunit Cl- channel that mediates most fast inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Molecular evolution has given rise to many genetic variants of GABAAR subunits, including alpha 1-6, beta 1-4, gamma 1-4, delta, and rho 1-2, suggesting that an enormous number of combinations of subunits are possible. Here we report that the beta 2 gene is located on chromosome 5q34-q35, defining a cluster comprising alpha 1, beta 2, and gamma 2 genes that together code for the most abundant GABAAR isoform. The fact that intron position is conserved in the beta 1-3 genes, taken together with the observation that chromosomes 4 and 15 also contain distinct alpha-beta-gamma gene clusters, strongly suggests that an ancestral alpha-beta-gamma cluster was duplicated and translocated to at least two different chromosomes. This organization of GABAAR gene clusters may have been preserved as linkage provides a mechanism for facilitating coordinate gene expression.
The origins of electromechanical response in polyurethane elastomers (2002)

Electric-field-induced strains of polyurethane elastomers have been measured. The mechanical constrains and flexure motion of the samples which can cause large experimental error were excluded from the measured strain signals. The longitudinal and transverse strain coefficients are evaluated as functions of frequency. The dielectric and elastic properties and their temperature and frequency dependencies have also been studied. The experimental results show that strain larger than 2% can be obtained and that the sample processing conditions can affect the strain level. The contributions from Maxwell stress effect and electrostriction to the strain responses are examined. The results suggest that Maxwell stress effect plays an important role in electromechanical response of the materials.
Performance Characteristics of Airlift Pumps with Vortex Induced by Tangential Fluid Injection (2011)

iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Knisely for his offering me the opportunity to work on this project and for all his help and guidance; Tommy Caso for taking time out of his busy schedule to assist me on a whim; and Dan Johnson for his assistance in designing, manufacturing, and assembling components of the airlift pump and most of all for being patient with me, even when I made mistakes.
Cytokines and apoptosis in supraspinatus tendinopathy (2009)

The role of inflammatory cells and their products in tendinopathy is not completely understood. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are upregulated after oxidative and other forms of stress. Based on observations that increased cytokine expression has been demonstrated in cyclically-loaded tendon cells we hypothesised that because of their role in oxidative stress and apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines may be present in rodent and human models of tendinopathy. A rat supraspinatus tendinopathy model produced by running overuse was investigated at the genetic level by custom micro-arrays. Additionally, samples of torn supraspinatus tendon and matched intact subscapularis tendon were collected from patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery for rotator-cuff tears and control samples of subscapularis tendon from ten patients with normal rotator cuffs undergoing arthroscopic stabilisation of the shoulder were also obtained. These were all evaluated using semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain-reaction and immunohistochemistry. We identified significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the rodent model (p = 0.005). We further confirmed significantly increased levels of cytokine and apoptotic genes in human supraspinatus and subscapularis tendon harvested from patients with rotator cuff tears (p = 0.0008). These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in tendinopathy and may provide a target for preventing tendinopathies.
Local regulation of mammary apoptosis in the lactating goat (1994)

Conference Article| May 01 1994 Local regulation of mammary apoptosis in the lactating goat LYNDA H. QUARRIE; LYNDA H. QUARRIE 1Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, KA6 5HL, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CAROLINE V.P. ADDEY; CAROLINE V.P. ADDEY 1Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, KA6 5HL, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar COLIN J. WILDE COLIN J. WILDE 1Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, KA6 5HL, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (2): 178S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022178s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation LYNDA H. QUARRIE, CAROLINE V.P. ADDEY, COLIN J. WILDE; Local regulation of mammary apoptosis in the lactating goat. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1994; 22 (2): 178S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022178s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Patient-derived breast tumor xenografts facilitating personalized cancer therapy (2013)

Despite improved detection and reduction of breast cancer-related deaths over the recent decade, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the US, with 39,510 women expected to succumb to metastatic disease in 2012 alone (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts &Figures 2012. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2012). Continued efforts in classification of breast cancers based on gene expression profiling and genomic sequencing have revealed an underlying complexity and molecular heterogeneity within the disease that continues to challenge therapeutic interventions. To successfully identify and translate new treatment regimens to the clinic, it is imperative that our preclinical models recapitulate this complexity and heterogeneity. In this review article, we discuss the recent advances in development and classification of patient-derived human breast tumor xenograft models that have the potential to facilitate the next phase of drug discovery for personalized cancer therapy based on the unique driver signaling pathways in breast tumor subtypes.
Kinetic Relations of the Na-Amino Acid Interaction at the Mucosal Border of Intestine (1967)

The relation between unidirectional influxes of Na and amino acids across the mucosal border of rabbit ileum was studied under a variety of conditions. At constant Na concentration in the mucosal bathing solution, amino acid influx followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics permitting determination of maximal influx and the apparent Michaelis constant, K(t). Reduction in Na concentration, using choline as substitute cation, caused an increase in K(t) for alanine but had no effect on maximal alanine influx. The reciprocal of K(t) was a linear function of Na concentration. Similar results were obtained for valine and leucine and these amino acids competitively inhibited alanine influx both in the presence and in the absence of Na. These results lead to a model for the transport system which involves combination of Na and amino acid with a single carrier or site leading to penetration of both solutes. The model predicts that alanine should cause an increase in Na influx and the ratio of this extra Na flux to alanine flux should vary with Na concentration. The observed relation agreed closely with predicted values for Na concentrations from 5 to 140 mM. These results support the hypothesis that interactions between Na and amino acid transport depend in part on a common entry mechanism at the mucosal border of the intestine.
Specific Binding of Haptoglobin to Human Neutrophils and Its Functional Consequences (1990)

Haptoglobin, an acute phase reactant protein, has been shown to modulate various facets of immune responses. In this paper we examined the effect of haptoglobin on human neutrophils at the molecular level. First, we found that native haptoglobin binds at two distinct sites on neutrophils. We then examined the effects of this binding at normal and pathophysiological concentrations of haptoglobin found in human serum. Of the various functional parameters assessed, neutrophil respiratory burst activity, as assessed by superoxide (O2-) production, was inhibited by native haptoglobin when the cells were stimulated with formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), arachidonic acid (AA), and opsonized zymosan. The rise in intracellular calcium induced by FMLP stimulation was also inhibited by native haptoglobin. Since the generation of O2- was unaffected by native haptoglobin in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils, the likely site of haptoglobin inhibition on neutrophil function is at a point of receptor-ligand interaction in the activation cascade. The role of haptoglobin as a modifier of the immune response has here been extended to altered neutrophil function stimulated by diverse agonists.
The genetics of rheumatoid arthritis and the need for animal models to find and understand the underlying genes. (2001)

The causes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are largely unknown. However, RA is most probably a multifactorial disease with contributions from genetic and environmental factors. Searches for genes that influence RA have been conducted in both human and experimental model materials. Both types of study have confirmed the polygenic inheritance of the disease. It has become clear that the features of RA complicate the human genetic studies. Animal models are therefore valuable tools for identifying genes and determining their pathogenic role in the disease. This is probably the fastest route towards unravelling the pathogenesisis of RA and developing new therapies.
STUDIES ON THE Cx-REACTIVE PROTEIN (1960)

Young adult rabbits (2 to 3 kg.) were subjected to a single total body exposure of x-radiation ranging from 50 to 1200 r and tested frequently for the presence of Cx-reactive protein in their blood. It usually appeared in two phases separated by an interval of several days. The primary phase occurred 24 to 48 hours after irradiation in almost all (92 of 97) rabbits exposed to 500 r or more and in 4 of 16 exposed to 300 r or less. The secondary phase occurred during the 2nd week in many of the rabbits irradiated with 900 r or more and in a few irradiated with 700 r. Autopsy cultures failed to demonstrate the presence of infection in rabbits which died or were sacrificed during the primary phase. Bacterial infection was demonstrated, however, in almost all (21 of 24) rabbits autopsied and cultured during the secondary phase. After the disappearance of the primary phase in rabbits exposed to 700 or 900 r, the secondary phase could be elicited by initiating bacterial infection. Within 6 to 24 hours after intravenous inoculation of E. coli, Cx-reactive protein reappeared in the blood and persisted until death or termination of the experiment. Reappearance of the protein also followed the intravenous injection of killed E. coli but it disappeared again 1 to 2 days later. The results indicate that the primary phase is elicited by radiation injury per se and the secondary phase by bacterial infection.
Visual attention in autism families: ‘unaffected’ sibs share atypical frontal activation (2009)

These results establish a neurophysiological correlate of familial susceptibility to ASC, and suggest that whilst abnormal time courses of frontal activation may reflect processes permissive of autistic brain development, abnormal patterns of functional correlation across a wider array of brain regions may relate more closely to autism's determinants.
A Wideband E Plane Omnidirectional Antenna (2006)

A broadband E plane omnidirectional antenna is designed and tested. The antenna measured bandwidth is from 3 GHz to 7 GHz with a VSWR less than 2.2, and from 3 GHz to 5.4 GHz, the variations in the energy level inside its far-field pattern are less than 3 dB. In most of the band, the antenna gain is larger than 0 dBi. All the performance is achieved by using a developed 4 elements T-dipole array.
Digital BSE Imaging on SEMs (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 screening for disorders of growth hormone secretion. (1996)

Provided results are reviewed in relation to an age related normal reference range, both IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are simple and convenient screening tests for assessing growth hormone deficiency in children. In adults plasma IGF-1 is the diagnostic test for a disorder of growth hormone excess. Low IGF-1 in an adult with a history of pituitary disease strongly suggests the presence of growth hormone deficiency.
Improved phone recognition using Bayesian triphone models (2002)

A crucial issue in triphone based continuous speech recognition is the large number of models to be estimated against the limited availability of training data. This problem can be relieved by composing a triphone model from less context-dependent models. This paper introduces a new statistical framework, derived from the Bayesian principle, to perform such a composition. The potential power of this new framework is explored, both algorithmically and experimentally, by an implementation with hidden Markov modeling techniques. This implementation is applied to the recognition of the 39-phone set on the TIMIT database. The new model achieves 74.4% and 75.6% accuracy, respectively, on the core and complete test sets.
Toward next generation of driver assistance systems: A multimodal sensor-based platform (2010)

Achieving secure vehicles equipped with accident prevention systems is one of the greatest passions of researchers in automotive laboratories. This article provides a detail description on the state of the art techniques for road situation monitoring and driver's behavior analysis (human factors). The focus would be to gain a practical multifaceted approach in order to simultaneous analysis of driver's distraction, and potential road hazards to make an emergency intervention in case of dangerous driving situations. In this regard, a diversity of information via Iris/Pupil status monitoring and EEG spectrum has been gathered and then fused with out-vehicle sensors such as RADAR, LIDAR, Ultrasonic and Vision. In order to cope with computational complexities due to multiple sensors, a heuristic method of multi sensory data fusion and fuzzy solutions has been developed. All discussions are based on real sensors. The method could be applied on various driver assistance systems such as cruise control, overtaking and lane keeping systems.
New Strategy To Enhance Phosphate Removal from Water by Hydrous Manganese Oxide (2014)

Hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) is generally negatively charged at circumneutral pH and cannot effectively remove anionic pollutants such as phosphate. Here we proposed a new strategy to enhance HMO-mediated phosphate removal by immobilizing nano-HMO within a polystyrene anion exchanger (NS). The resultant nanocomposite HMO@NS exhibited substantially enhanced phosphate removal in the presence of sulfate, chloride, and nitrate at greater levels. This is mainly attributed to the pHpzc shift from 6.2 for the bulky HMO to 10.5 for the capsulated HMO nanoparticles, where HMO nanoparticles are positively charged at neutral pH. The ammonium groups of NS also favor phosphate adsorption through the Donnan effect. Cyclic column adsorption experiment indicated that the fresh HMO@NS could treat 460 bed volumes (BV) of a synthetic influent (from the initial concentration of 2 mg P[PO4(3-)]/L to 0.5 mg P[PO4(3-)]/L), while only 80 BV for NS. After the first time of regeneration by NaOH-NaCl solution, the capacity of HMO@NS was lowered to ∼ 300 BV and then kept constant for the subsequent 5 runs, implying the presence of both the reversible and irreversible adsorption sites of nano-HMO. Additional column adsorption feeding with a real bioeffluent further validated great potential of HMO@NS in advanced wastewater treatment. This study may provide an alternative approach to expand the usability of other metal oxides in water treatment.
An Extension of the Link Layer Discovery Protocol for On-Demand Power Supply Network by PoE (2013)

We focus on Power over Ethernet (PoE), which is the technology to carry power on LAN cables, and extend LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol), in which power requests are sent in PoE, so that power is supplied on demand. In on-Demand Power Supply Networks, Powered Devices (PD) are classified by their priority. When a device requires power, it sends a power request message, in which required power and the priority of it is specified, to the network. Then the network decides whether to accept the power request or not. In this paper, we argue on the implementation of on-demand power supply based on PoE, present a lack of features in LLDP, and propose two extensions of it within an approved options of the IEEE standard. The first one is that a PD can send a request PSE (Power Source Equipment) specifying the priority of required power as well as it. The second one is that the PSE can reply back information when a request from a PD is not accepted.
A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MS-275, in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors and Lymphomas (2008)

MS-275 is well tolerated at doses up to 6 mg/m(2) every other week or 4 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of rest and results in biologically relevant plasma concentrations and antitumor activity. Twice-weekly dosing was not tolerable due to asthenia, and further evaluation of this schedule was halted. The recommended dose for further disease-focused studies is 4 mg/m(2) given weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days or 2 to 6 mg/m(2) given once every other week.
What Do You Choose in Table Service (1922)

In the modern household what is more essential, what is more often used and what lends more to a tempting looking meal than china? And it is often so that china is an item that is left .to the last to be decided upon for the home. The luncheon sets are made, the table linens purchased and then there is a frantic search for china to match them, when in reality the procedure should be just r e· versed. After carefully.thinking over what type of china one likes best, what sort of meals one will be most apt to serve and what sort would go best with them at all times, one should buy the dishes and then make the luncheon sets and table linens match the dishes.
A Survey on Source Code Review Using Machine Learning (2018)

Source code review constrains software system security sufficiently. Scalability and precision are of importance for the deployment of code review tools. However, traditional tools can only detect some security flaws automatically with high false positive and false negative by tedious reviewing large-scale source code. Various flaws and vulnerabilities show specific characteristic in source code. Machine learning systems founded feature matrixes of source code as input, including variables, functions and files, generating ad-hoc label by distinguish or generation methodologies to review source code automatically and intelligently. Source code, whatever the programming language, is text information in nature. Both secure and vulnerable feature can be curved from source code. Fortunately, a variety of machine learning approaches have been developed to learn and detect flaws and vulnerabilities in intelligent source code security review. Combination of code semantic and syntactic feature contribute to the optimation of false positive and false negative during source code review. In this paper, we give the review of literature related to intelligent source code security review using machine learning methods. It illustrate the primary evidence of approaching ML in source code security review. We believe machine learning and its branches will become out-standing in source code review.