gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An anchor chain scheme for IP mobility management (2002)

This work presents a simple mobility scheme for IP-based networks, termed the "anchor chain" scheme. The scheme combines pointer forwarding and caching methods. Every mobile host (MH) is associated with a chain of anchors that connects it to its home agent. Each anchor defines the location of the MH at a certain degree of accuracy. The accuracy is increased along the chain until the attachment point of the MH is reached. We develop distributed procedures for updating the anchor chain (binding operation) with MH movements and for delivering messages to a MH (delivery operation). In terms of worst-case performance, the total cost of the binding operations is O(MovelogMove), where Move is the total geographic distance that the MH has traveled since its activation. The total length of the MH's pointer path is linear with the distance between the MH and its home network, and the delivery cost is near-optimal. In addition, the anchor chain of a MH is determined dynamically with no need for preliminary definitions of static anchors or regions. Our simulation results show that the anchor chain scheme also yields lower average overheads for both the binding and the delivery operations than other methods that are described in the literature, including the current home approach. We believe that the proposed scheme is scalable, fairly easy to implement and therefore attractive for supporting MH.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of leukocidin toxin from Staphylococcus aureus in bovine milk samples (1988)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of leukocidin toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum concentration of leukocidin detectable with the assay was 30 ng/ml. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a more sensitive method, by a mean of 45-fold, for leukocidin detection than was observation of cytolytic effects of the toxin on bovine neutrophils. A mean toxin concentration of 974 ng/ml was required to produce observable cytolytic effects on neutrophils. Although the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was able to detect leukocidin in milk samples from toxin-infused mammary glands, the toxin was detectable in only 2 of 27 S. aureus-infected milk samples (7%) from cows with chronic staphylococcal mastitis. To determine whether leukocidin antibodies in the mastitic milk samples were preventing toxin detection, leukocidin was mixed with milk with a high antileukocidin antibody titer (from a vaccinated cow) and evaluated with the immunoassay. Leukocidin was readily detected in this sample, indicating that milk antileukocidin antibodies were not sufficient to prevent detection of any leukocidin present in the mastitic milk samples. Failure to detect leukocidin in most mastitic milk samples with this assay indicated that, if leukocidin is produced in the bovine mammary gland during chronic staphylococcal mastitis, the concentration of the toxin may be too low to produce cytolytic effects on neutrophils.
Application of psychoacoustic filtering for machine fault detection (2006)

A method for nondestructive machine fault detection based on the evaluation of acoustic machine signatures is proposed. Various mechanical defects of rotary machines can be reflected in altered acoustic signatures. The proposed method is based on the psychoacoustic modelling of human auditory perception. For the purpose of machine fault detection, the gammatone filterbank is applied in the preprocessing of acoustic signals. Filtered signals are then rectified and features are calculated as mean values of rectified signals. A set of features represents an extracted machine signature. The machine states are evaluated by comparing the extracted signature with the database of previously collected machine signatures. The proposed approach is illustrated by a case study where the quality of commercially produced compressors is estimated. Results show that major faults that occur in a production can be reliably detected.
The Rhizosphere as a Biofilm (1995)

The rhizosphere encloses the zone of soil around a plant root in which the plant root exerts an influence on the growth and distribution of microorganisms. An important source of microbial growth limiting nutrients are the products of rhizodeposition, which include exudates, secretions, lysates and gases (Whipps & Lynch 1985). The increase in the specific growth rate of microorganisms in response to increased organic carbon input has been shown to result in a 5 to 10-fold increase in the number of bacteria when compared with that of the population in the bulk soil (Rouatt et al. 1960; Rovira & Davey 1974). Rhizosphere microorganisms largely depend on root products for their carbon and energy supply (Merckx et al. 1986), and maximum microbial population density occurs at the root surface or rhizoplane (Clarke 1949). This is a consequence of the presence of the highest concentration of growth limiting nutrient at the rhizoplane. Rhizosphere microorganisms do not form a continuous layer on the root surface, but occur in microcolonies (Newman & Bowen 1974; Rovira & Campbell 1975). This microbial cover has been estimated to be below 10% (Rovira et al. 1974; Bowen & Rovira 1976; Bowen & Theodorou 1979). The concentrations of growth limiting nutrient and microbial numbers decrease as a function of radial distance from the root, and under optimal conditions, with adequate growth limiting nutrient supply, the total bacterial numbers would be limited by space. Chemotaxis towards plant root exudates and extracts is a well established phenomenon (Morris et al. 1992), enabling motile bacteria to migrate towards the root through chemotaxis. Non-motile bacteria accumulate in response to an elevated specific growth rate.
Use of Universal and Type‐specific Primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection and Typing of Genital Human Papillomaviruses (1991)

By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we have developed a system for type-specific as well as universal detection of genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Primers and probes for specific detection of HPV-16, -18 and -33 were synthesized from the E7 open reading frame (ORF). They were capable of detecting corresponding HPV types with high specificity and sensitivity. Primers for detection of a broad spectrum of HPV (universal primers) were synthesized from the L1 ORF. The universal primers were shown to be capable of amplifying HPV-6b, -11, -16, -18, -33, -52b and -58. The system was applied to various cervical tissue specimens from Japanese patients. They consisted of 26 normal specimens, 18 from cervical dysplasias and 29 from cervical carcinomas. HPV was detected in none of the normal specimens. On the other hand, many of the specimens from cervical dysplasias and carcinomas were found to be positive for HPV, especially HPV-16. Except for one, all the specimens which were positive with the type-specific PCRs were also positive with the universal PCR. Furthermore, substantial numbers of specimens were found to be positive only with the universal PCR. Cloning and sequencing of DNA segments amplified by the universal primers were undertaken to characterize some of the unknown HPVs. Our PCR system may thus be useful for the specific detection of the three major types of oncogenic HPVs and also for the detection of a broad spectrum of HPVs including possibly novel HPV types.
Activity management as a Web service (2006)

In this paper, we present a new method for organizing collaborative work. This method is based on the concept of “activities,” defined here as high-level structured representations of the people, artifacts, and processes involved in work and their relationships. We show how users and developers can leverage this representation to enhance productivity, collaboration, and business applications. Central to our vision is an interface to activity data which is lightweight, based on Web Services, and enables activities to be easily integrated into the applications and tools people already use. We describe the Wax system for activity management, which implements our model of unified activity using both semantic Web and REST/XML (Representational State Transfer/Extensible Markup Language) approaches. We describe several user interfaces that let users interact with activity data, and we discuss our experiences using the Wax system for two case studies that involve coordinating a large event and managing accommodations for new employees.
A mutant nuclear protein with similarity to RNA binding proteins interferes with nuclear import in yeast. (1992)

We have isolated mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are defective in localization of nuclear proteins. Chimeric proteins containing the nuclear localization sequence from SV40 large T-antigen fused to the N-terminus of the mitochondrial F1 beta-ATPase are localized to the nucleus. Npl (nuclear protein localization) mutants were isolated by their ability to grow on glycerol as a consequence of no longer exclusively targeting SV40-F1 beta-ATPase to the nucleus. All mutants with defects in localization of nucleolar proteins and histones are temperature sensitive for growth at 36 degrees C. Seven alleles of NPL3 and single alleles of several additional genes were isolated. NPL3 mutants were studied in detail. NPL3 encodes a nuclear protein with an RNA recognition motif and similarities to a family of proteins involved in RNA metabolism. Our genetic analysis indicates that NPL3 is essential for normal cell growth; cells lacking NPL3 are temperature sensitive for growth but do not exhibit a defect in localization of nuclear proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that the mutant forms of Npl3 protein isolated by this procedure are interfering with nuclear protein uptake in a general manner.
Resonance Fluorescence of a Single Artificial Atom (2010)

An atom in open space can be detected by means of resonant absorption and reemission of electromagnetic waves, known as resonance fluorescence, which is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum optics. We report on the observation of scattering of propagating waves by a single artificial atom. The behavior of the artificial atom, a superconducting macroscopic two-level system, is in a quantitative agreement with the predictions of quantum optics for a pointlike scatterer interacting with the electromagnetic field in one-dimensional open space. The strong atom-field interaction as revealed in a high degree of extinction of propagating waves will allow applications of controllable artificial atoms in quantum optics and photonics.
Contamination of diverse<i>nifH</i>and<i>nifH</i>-like DNA into commercial PCR primers (2005)

False-positive results due to DNA contamination in PCR reagents have become a big problem in the amplification of small amounts of DNA. Recently, it was revealed that PCR reagents were contaminated with the nifH (dinitrogenase reductase) gene. We found that the PCR primers supplied by some manufacturers contained nifH gene and nifH-like DNA. This contamination resulted in false-positive results when searching for nifH genes in environmental samples. The sequences of the contaminating DNA appeared to be widely varied in the phylogenetic analysis of nifH. For this reason, great care should be taken when analyzing trace amounts of nucleotides.
Automatic lobar segmentation for diseased lungs using an anatomy-based priority knowledge in low-dose CT images (2014)

Lung lobar segmentation in CT images is a challenging tasks because of the limitations in image quality inherent to CT image acquisition, especially low-dose CT for clinical routine environment. Besides, complex anatomy and abnormal lesions in the lung parenchyma makes segmentation difficult because contrast in CT images are determined by the differential absorption of X-rays by neighboring structures, such as tissue, vessel or several pathological conditions. Thus, we attempted to develop a robust segmentation technique for normal and diseased lung parenchyma. The images were obtained with low-dose chest CT using soft reconstruction kernel (Sensation 16, Siemens, Germany). Our PC-based in-house software segmented bronchial trees and lungs with intensity adaptive region-growing technique. Then the horizontal and oblique fissures were detected by using eigenvalues-ratio of the Hessian matrix in the lung regions which were excluded from airways and vessels. To enhance and recover the faithful 3-D fissure plane, our proposed fissure enhancing scheme were applied to the images. After finishing above steps, for careful smoothening of fissure planes, 3-D rolling-ball algorithm in xyz planes were performed. Results show that success rate of our proposed scheme was achieved up to 89.5% in the diseased lung parenchyma.
Strontium Promotes Cementoblasts Differentiation through Inhibiting Sclerostin Expression<i>In Vitro</i> (2014)

Cementogenesis, performed by cementoblasts, is important for the repair of root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment. Based on recent studies, strontium has been applied for osteoporosis treatment due to its positive effect on osteoblasts. Although promising, the effect of strontium on cementoblasts is still unclear. So the aim of this research was to clarify and investigate the effect of strontium on cementogenesis via employing cementoblasts as model. A series of experiments including MTT, alkaline phosphatase activity, gene analysis, alizarin red staining, and western blot were carried out to evaluate the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblasts. In addition, expression of sclerostin was checked to analyze the possible mechanism. Our results show that strontium inhibits the proliferation of cementoblasts with a dose dependent manner; however, it can promote the differentiation of cementoblasts via downregulating sclerostin expression. Taking together, strontium may facilitate cementogenesis and benefit the treatment of root resorption at a low dose.
Perpetual production of hair cells and maturational changes in hair cell ultrastructure accompany postembryonic growth in an amphibian ear. (1985)

Sensory hair cells are produced in the ears of birds and mammals only during early development, so that a programmed termination of hair cell proliferation leaves adult birds and mammals susceptible to irreversible deafness and balance disorders. This study reports that this is not an inherent feature of hair cells and is not shared through all the vertebrate classes. In toads (Bufo marinus) hair cells accumulate throughout life, increasing in the sacculus from approximately 400 cells at metamorphosis to more than 1600 in adulthood. In both embryonic and postembryonic ears new hair cells have been identified by scanning electron microscopy and through uptake of radioactively labeled thymidine. In the otic vesicle of postneurulation embryos there is a single primordial sensory epithelium that contains approximately 100 hair cells. Scanning electron microscopy has demonstrated that these newly formed hair cells all have stereocilia bundles that are shorter than 1.5 micron, whereas the majority of hair cells in postembryonic ears have stereocilia bundles that are at least 3 micron long. In the postembryonic sacculus the proliferation of hair cells never appears to cease, since newly produced hair cells identified by their short stereocilia have been found in a distinct peripheral growth zone at the edge of the sensory epithelium even in specimens from the oldest 1% of natural populations. This peripheral growth zone is also the site of the most frequent labeling of newly synthesized DNA in hair cells. It appears that the postembryonic enlargement of the toad sacculus occurs primarily through appositional addition of new hair cells at its edge, with few hair cells added within the existing structure of the epithelium.
Abelson murine leukemia virus: structural requirements for transforming gene function. (1982)

The integrated Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) genome cloned in bacteriophage lambda gtWES.lambda B was used to localize viral genetic sequences required for transformation. Comparison of the biological activity of cloned A-MuLV genomic and subgenomic fragments showed that subgenomic clones that lacked the 5' long terminal repeat and adjoining sequences (300 base pairs downstream of the repeat) were not biologically active. In contrast, subgenomic clones that lacked the 3' long terminal repeat and as much as 1.3 kilobase pairs of the A-MuLV cell-derived abl gene were as efficient as wild-type viral DNA in transformation. The A-MuLV-encoded polyprotein P120 and its associated protein kinase activity were detected in transformants obtained by transfection with Cla I, BamHI, and HindIII subgenomic clones. In contrast, individual transformants obtained with subgenomic Sal I clones expressed A-MuLV proteins ranging in size from 82,000 to 95,000 daltons. Each demonstrated an associated protein kinase activity. These results provide direct genetic evidence that only the proximal 40% of abl with its associated 5' helper viral sequences is required for fibroblast transformation.
Parking-meter supervision system (2002)

The parking-meter supervision system has been developed and successfully used practically to guide cars to vacant parking places with parking meters, in urban areas. Traffic congestion in large cities is caused partly by illegal parking of cars and their slow driving to look for parking places. The system can eliminate this cause of traffic jams and allow more efficient utilization of street spaces and effective control of traffic flows, by monitoring parking meters concentratedly. Features of the system include block control of parking meters, arrangement of parking fullness display boards, and other design details. This report describes the essentials of system design, examples of the system, and practical effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphine Catalyzed α-Arylation of Enones and Enals Using Hypervalent Bismuth Reagents:  Regiospecific Enolate Arylation via Nucleophilic Catalysis (2004)

Exposure of enones and enals to 20 mol % tributylphosphine in the presence of triarylbismuth(V) dichlorides results in regiospecific aryl transfer to the alpha-position of the enone or enal pronucleophile. These results represent the first examples of enolate arylation under the conditions of nucleophilic catalysis.
An 8.0 Watt K-Band FET Amplifier for Satellite Downlink (2005)

An 8.2 Watt FET amplifier with 38.6 +- 0.5 dB gain over 17.7 to 19.1 GHz frequency band has been developed. This amplifier combines the outputs of eight multistage amplifier modules utilizing a radial combiner. This state-of-the-art uower leve has been achieved with a noise fiaure of less than 8.0 dB and AM/PM of less than 2°/dB. The third order intermodulation products at 1 dB qain compression were 20 dBc and variation in group delay over the frequency band was less than +-.25 nSec.
Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Epitaxial Layers (1984)

Silicon epitaxial layers are conventionally deposited by atmospheric or reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at temperatures of 1050°–1200°C. This relatively high processing temperature limits the minimum thickness and conductivity of epitaxial films deposited on substrates containing heavily doped regions near the surface because of solid‐state outdiffusion and autodoping. In order to minimize outdiffusion and autodoping, the epitaxial process step needs to be carried out at lower temperatures. Plasma‐enhanced CVD (PECVD) is a technique capable of depositing silicon epitaxial layers at relatively low temperatures (700°–800°C) and with reasonable deposition rates (200–2000 Å/min). This article discusses the PECVD process and its application to the low temperature deposition of silicon epitaxial films.
A semantically-based confidence measure for speech recognition (2000)

In previous work, we have argued that it is beneficial to find confidence measures (CM's) that are not dependent on use of side from a specific recogniser. Here, we extend this philosophy to include the use of information in estimating the confidence that a word is correct. We are motivated by the observation that sometimes the recogniser outputs a word which can easily be spotted (by humans) as incorrect, because it bears no relation to the semantics of the rest of the decoded sentence. Latent analysis (LSA) was used as a method for estimating semantic between words in a text corpus. From these scores, an average similarity of each decoded word to the other decoded words in an utterance could be estimated, and by thresholding this similarity measure, words were tagged as CORRECT or INCORRECT. We benchmarked the performance of this CM against a tried-and-tested CM, the N-best CM. The precision of the CM was inferior to that of N-best when the recall (the number of words considered) was high, but it out-performed N-best for low recall, and a combined classifier showed the benefits of using both techniques. An interesting and unexpected result was that the CM was better at identifying correct words than incorrect words.
Short-term infusion of the μ-opioid agonist remifentanil in humans causes hyperalgesia during withdrawal (2003)

Numerous animal studies suggest that acute and chronic exposure to opioids can be associated with the development of hyperalgesia, i.e. an increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Hyperalgesia has been documented during withdrawal and on occasion while animals were still exposed to opioids. A pivotal role in the genesis of opioid-associated hyperalgesia has been attributed to a pain facilitating system involving the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor. In humans little direct evidence documents opioid-associated hyperalgesia, albeit observational data suggest that such hyperalgesia may be relevant in a clinical context. This study used a double blind, randomized, crossover and placebo-controlled design to test in opioid-naïve, healthy human volunteers whether hyperalgesia would develop within 30 min of stopping a 90-min infusion with the mu-opioid agonist remifentanil, and whether co-administration of the NMDA-receptor antagonist S-ketamine would prevent such hyperalgesia. We found that a skin area with pre-existing mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly enlarged after stopping the remifentanil infusion. However, the pain response to heat assessed in regular skin was not different before and after the infusion of remifentanil. Co-administration of the NMDA-receptor antagonist S-ketamine abolished observed enlargement of the hyperalgesic skin area. This study provides direct evidence in humans that short-term administration of an opioid can enhance hyperalgesia as observed during withdrawal and points to a potential role of the NMDA-receptor system in mediating such a hyperalgesic response. This study also points to a differential susceptibility of different pain modalities for the expression of hyperalgesia associated with opioid administration.
Skin Fluorescence Correlates Strongly with Coronary Artery Calcification Severity in Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

The relationship between SIF and CAC appears stronger with more severe calcification. Given the strong relationship of CAC with CAD this finding has important implications and suggests that SIF maybe a useful marker of CAC/CAD risk and potentially a therapeutic target.