gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Bayesian source separation and localization</title> (1998)

The problem of mixed signals occurs in many different contexts; one of the most familiar being acoustics. The forward problem in acoustics consists of finding the sound pressure levels at various detectors resulting from sound signals emanating from the active acoustic sources. The inverse problem consists of using the sound recorded by the detectors to separate the signals and recover the original source waveforms. In general, the inverse problem is unsolvable without additional information. This general problem is called source separation, and several techniques have been developed that utilize maximum entropy, minimum mutual information, and maximum likelihood. In previous work it has been demonstrated that these techniques can be recast in a Bayesian framework. This paper demonstrates the power of the Bayesian approach, which provides a natural means for incorporating prior information into a source model. An algorithm is developed that utilizes information regarding both the statistics of the amplitudes of the signals meted by the sources and the relative locations of the detectors. Using this prior information,the algorithm finds the most probable source behavior and configuration. Thus, the inverse problem can be solved by simultaneously performing source separation and localization. It should be noted that this algorithm is not designed to account for delay times that are often important in acoustic source separation. However, a possible application of this algorithm is in the separation of electrophysiological signals obtained using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography.
Reconstructions of shear modulus, poisson's ratio, and density using approximate mean normal stress /spl lambda//spl epsiv//sub /spl alpha//spl alpha// as unknown (2006)

As a differential diagnosis technique for living soft tissues, we are developing ultrasonic-strain-measurement-based shear modulus reconstruction methods. Previously, we reported three-dimensional (3-D) and 2-D reconstruction methods utilizing a typical Poisson's ratio very close to 0.5 (nearly-incompressible). However, because a decrease in the accuracy of the reconstructed value was confirmed to be due to the difference between the original value and the set value, we proposed 3-D and 2-D methods of reconstructing Poisson's ratio as well. Furthermore, we proposed methods of reconstructing density and dealing with dynamic deformation. However, due to tissue incompressibility, the reconstructions of shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density became unstable. In this report, to obtain stable, unique reconstructions, we describe a new reconstruction method using mean normal stress approximated by the product of one of Lame's constants X and volume strain epsilon alpha alpha as an unknown. Regularization is simultaneously applied to the respective distributions to decrease the instability of the reconstructions due to measurement errors of the deformation. This method also enables stable, unique reconstructions of shear modulus and density under the condition that the mean normal stress remains unknown. We also verify the effectiveness of this method through 3-D simulations, while showing erroneous artifacts occurring when 2-D and 1-D reconstructions are performed.
New Adamantane Phenylalkylamines with σ-Receptor Binding Affinity and Anticancer Activity, Associated with Putative Antagonism of Neuropathic Pain (2012)

The synthesis of the adamantane phenylalkylamines 2a-d, 3a-c, and 4a-e is described. These compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activity, in vitro, against eight cancer cell lines tested. The σ(1), σ(2), and sodium channel binding affinities of compounds 2a, 3a, 4a, and 4c-e were investigated. The most interesting analogue, 4a, exhibited significant in vivo anticancer profile on pancreas, prostate, leukemia, and ovarian cancer cell line xenografts together with apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. Inhibition of the cancer cells cycle at the sub-G1 level was also obtained with 4a. Finally, encouraging results were observed with 4a in vivo on mice, suggesting putative antimetastatic and analgesic activities of this compound.
Δ<sup>2</sup>‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazoline durch Kondensation von Amidoximen mit Ketonen und Aldehyden (1993)

Abstract Ketone und aromatische Aldehyde cyclisieren in Eisessig mit aromatischen Amidoximen des Typs 1 zu Δ 2 ‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazolinen 3 , in neutralen Solventien hingegen bleibt die Reaktion aus. Dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten wird durch MNDO‐Berechnungen erklärt; als reaktive Spezies sind die protonierten Carbonylverbindungen anzunehmen.
Shafarevich-Tate Groups of Nonsquare Order (2004)

Let A denote an abelian variety over ℚ. We give the first known examples in which #Ш(A/ℚ) is neither a square nor twice a square. For example, let E be the elliptic curve y2 + y = x3 — x of conductor 37. We prove that for every odd prime p < 25000 (with p 37), there is a twist A of E x • • • x E (p —1 copies) such that #Ш(A/ℚ) = pn2 for some integer n. We prove this by showing under certain hypothesis on E and p that there is an exact sequence
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Gd−DTPA−B(sLe<sup>x</sup>)A, a New MRI Contrast Agent Targeted to Inflammation (2003)

A new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent designed to mimic sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) and to target inflammation has been synthesized and characterized. The evolution of its proton longitudinal relaxivity as a function of the magnetic field (NMRD) and temperature has been studied. The exchange rate of the water coordinated to the metal has been assessed by oxygen-17 relaxometry. The transmetalation by zinc(II) ions and the noncovalent binding to human serum albumin have been evaluated. The results show no limitation by the residence time of the coordinated water molecule above room temperature, a higher stability of the complex versus transmetalation by zinc(II) ions than a parent complex, the clinically used Gd-DTPA-BMA, and negligible interaction with human serum albumin.
Highly oriented Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconducting thin films (1993)

Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O thin films have been prepared on SrTiO3(100) substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing. The annealing treatment was carried out in a Hg-free atmosphere at the relatively low temperature of 650–700 °C. The films showed a highly oriented structure with the c axis of the Hg-1201 phase perpendicular to the substrates. The Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O films exhibited a sharp superconducting transition at around 85 K, and a resistivity anomaly at the higher temperature of 130 K was observed for some films.
p53-dependent growth arrest following calcium phosphate-mediated transfection of murine fibroblasts. (1995)

A variety of genotoxic agents can induce an accumulation of p53 protein in the nuclei of mammalian cells and lead to either growth arrest or apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. Recently, the induction of the p53 pathway has also been reported for non-genotoxic agents such as heat shock and hypoxia, rendering it likely that p53 activity might be triggered by a wider range of cellular stress factors. Here we report the effect of calcium phosphate-mediated transfection, a technique commonly used in studies of transient gene expression in mammalian cells, on fibroblasts containing wild-type p53. Incubation with a calcium phosphate precipitate results in a transient growth arrest in the presence or absence of plasmid DNA. The effect is accompanied by a rise in p53 protein levels and increased transcription of a p53-dependent reporter construct and is not observed in fibroblasts derived from p53 knockout mice.
Combined effect of family history and reproductive factors on breast cancer risk (1989)

This study evaluated the combined effect of a family history of breast cancer and each of three reproductive factors on breast cancer risk in the sisters of 404 breast cancer patients. The patients had a family history of breast cancer in a sister and mother or in two sisters. Risks were highest in sisters who had menarche at an early age or who first gave birth at a late age whether the patient had unilateral or bilateral disease, and with low parity only when the patient had bilateral disease. The bilateral group may have included a higher fraction of hereditary forms of breast cancer than the unilateral group. Because similar findings have been reported previously for breast cancer patients in general, the current results suggest that these reproductive factors have an effect on breast cancer risk independent of a family history of the disease. It is important, therefore, that the combined effects of these risk factors be taken into account when counseling women about their breast cancer risks.
Experimental Comparison of High‐Speed Gate Driver Design for 1.2‐kV/120‐A Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Modules (2017)

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) is regarded as an attractive replacement for Si insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in high‐power density applications due to its high switching speed and low switching loss. However, to fully utilise these benefits, the gate driver of the SiC MOSFET needs to be optimised to meet its special driving requirements. Fundamentally, both gate drivers for Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET share similar design methodology since these two power devices have the same MOS‐gated structure. However, one of the major challenges in the gate driver design for SiC MOSFET is overcoming the electromagnetic interference, which is resulted from the much higher d v /d t and d i /d t ratios during the switching transition. In this study, high‐speed gate drivers for Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET power modules of similar ratings of 1.2 kV/120 A have been designed. The performances of gate driver have been experimentally evaluated by a double pulse test. The design considerations of gate driver to enable the replacement of Si IGBT by SiC MOSFET have been conclusively investigated and presented in this study.
Contrast Enhancement from Multiple Panoramic Images (2007)

In this work we discuss an efficient strategy for combining multiple panoramic scans of the same scene to create a single higher contrast image. Prior research papers mainly consider that precise exposure times for multiple images are known and create a new high dynamic range representation for each pixel. We simply consider multiple scans of the same scene where the exposure times are not known, and no special filters or image detectors are used in the image acquisition process. In this unrestricted scenario, the problem is how to select different parts of a scene from the "best" image among a collection of images in order to optimize the overall clarity or contrast of a single final image. Experimental results are shown, and steps to improve results using modified contrast measures for color images are described. The results are enhanced using morphological filtering and image blending.
Serum Folate Levels and Subsequent Adverse Cerebrovascular Outcomes in Elderly Persons (2002)

Recent epidemiologic studies have shown an association between low serum folate levels and risk of vascular disease, including stroke and various types of vascular cognitive impairment. We examined data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA), a population-based, prospective 5-year investigation of the epidemiology of dementia among Canadians aged 65+ years. The risk of an adverse cerebrovascular event (including vascular dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, or fatal stroke) during follow-up, was assessed according to serum folate quartiles among subjects with no evidence of dementia at baseline (n = 369). After adjusting for certain covariates, including cardiovascular disease and nutritional indices, education, smoking and baseline cognitive status, the risk estimate for an adverse cerebrovascular event associated with the lowest folate quartile compared with the highest quartile was OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.04-5.61). Results from stratified analyses also showed that relatively low serum folate was associated with a significantly higher risk of an adverse cerebrovascular event among female (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.37-11.81) but not male (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.25-4.13) subjects. Among the total sample, there was a consistent trend toward poorer health and cognitive outcomes during follow-up (including mortality, cognitive decline and dementia) among those in the lowest folate quartile compared with the highest quartile. Low serum folate levels are independently associated with a significantly higher risk of an adverse cerebrovascular event, including vascular dementia and stroke death, among older, cognitively vulnerable persons.
HPeak: an HMM-based algorithm for defining read-enriched regions in ChIP-Seq data (2010)

Using biologically relevant data collections, we found that HPeak showed a higher prevalence of the expected transcription factor binding motifs in ChIP-enriched sequences relative to the control sequences when compared to other currently available ChIP-Seq analysis approaches. Additionally, in comparison to the ChIP-chip assay, ChIP-Seq provides higher resolution along with improved sensitivity and specificity of binding site detection. Additional file and the HPeak program are freely available at http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/HPeak.
Design of a Neural Network Based Optical Character Recognition System for Musical Notes. (2008)

Optical character recognition is the procedure by which the computer converts printed materials into ASCII files for editing, compact storage, fast retrieval, and for other purposes. In this study, a neural network approach was applied to perform high accuracy recognition on music score. There are three parts in the study. The first part designed an image preprocessor to obtain sets of images of 17 musical symbols consisting of notes and other glyphs for down-sampling using 8 different digitization procedures to serve as inputs. The second part is composed of the design and implementation of a neural network using a feed-forward with backward propagation. The network was trained using digitized downsampled images of the symbol. The trained network was saved and tested with sample musical symbols for recognition. There were recognition errors. The recognized data was presented to the third part, which was designed as a Cakewalk Application Language (CAL) script generator. CAL scripts were obtained and presented to Cakewalk Audio Pro for Musical Instrument Digital Interfaces (MIDI) production.
Myopic choroidal neovascularisation: current concepts and update on clinical management (2014)

Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common vision-threatening complication of myopia and pathological myopia. Despite significant advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and natural history of myopic CNV, there is no standard definition of myopic CNV and its relationship to axial length and other myopic degenerative changes. Several treatments are available to ophthalmologists, but with the advent of new therapies there is a need for further consensus and clinical management recommendations. Verteporfin photodynamic therapy has been an established treatment for subfoveal myopic CNV for many years, but this treatment does not restore visual acuity and is associated with long-term chorioretinal atrophy. More recently, clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in patients with myopic CNV have demonstrated substantial visual acuity gains and quality of life increases compared with photodynamic therapy. These enhanced outcomes provide updated evidence-based clinical management guidelines of myopic CNV, and increase the need for a generally accepted definition for myopic CNV. This review critically summarises the latest myopic CNV literature in the context of clinical experience and recommends a myopic CNV treatment algorithm.
Molecular Basis of BACH1/FANCJ Recognition by TopBP1 in DNA Replication Checkpoint Control (2010)

The diverse roles of TopBP1 in DNA replication and checkpoint signaling are associated with the scaffolding ability of TopBP1 to initiate various protein-protein interactions. The recognition of the BACH1/FANCJ helicase by TopBP1 is critical for the activation of the DNA replication checkpoint at stalled replication forks and is facilitated by the C-terminal tandem BRCT7/8 domains of TopBP1 and a phosphorylated Thr(1133) binding motif in BACH1. Here we provide the structural basis for this interaction through analysis of the x-ray crystal structures of TopBP1 BRCT7/8 both free and in complex with a BACH1 phospho-peptide. In contrast to canonical BRCT-phospho-peptide recognition, TopBP1 BRCT7/8 undergoes a dramatic conformational change upon BACH1 binding such that the two BRCT repeats pivot about the central BRCT-BRCT interface to provide an extensive and deep peptide-binding cleft. Additionally, we provide the first structural mechanism for Thr(P) recognition among BRCT domains. Together with systematic mutagenesis studies, we highlight the role of key contacts in governing the unique specificity of the TopBP1-BACH1 interaction.
Oxidative Removal of Photoresist by Oxygen/Freon® 116 Discharge Products (1984)

Microwave discharge products of a few percent of in have been used for the study of the removal of Shipley AZ 1350J photoresist as a function of time and temperature. The removal rate was found to increase with increasing concentration. The activation energy of removal has been determined for concentrations ranging from 0.048 to 0.81 volume percent. Initially, the activation energy decreases rapidly to 0.34 eV for concentrations ranging from 0.048% to 0.10% and continues to decrease with increasing concentrations to approximately 0.16 eV at 0.81% . The results reported apply to the removal of Shipley AZ 1350J photoresist, but are likely to indicate the oxidative‐removal trends of other organic residues.
Interventional biliary radiology (1984)

The biliary tract may be approached through surgical drainage tracts, percutaneously through the liver, and perorally through the duodenum. Removal of retained stones through a surgical drainage tract can be performed on outpatients with 90%-95% success in experienced hands. The percutaneous approach through the liver is useful to drain malignant obstructions before surgical or drug treatment and can offer catheter stent palliation for tumors in the porta hepatis. Benign strictures also may be drained and dilated transhepatically. Ascites and multiple intrahepatic obstructions are relative contraindications to transhepatic entry. Hemorrhage is the most frequent serious complication, occurring in about 5% of procedures. Indwelling endoprostheses are preferred to external catheters to reduce the psychologic trauma of the catheter. A new procedure for inserting large endoprostheses by a combined peroral/transhepatic approach has the advantage of requiring only a small transhepatic tract.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) −173G/C promoter polymorphism influences upper gastrointestinal tract involvement and disease activity in patients with Crohnʼs disease (2006)

The MIF -173G/C polymorphism appears to be a factor contributing to a particular CD phenotype characterized by protection against upper gastrointestinal tract involvement and severe disease activity.
SDN Northbound REST API with Efficient Caches (2014)

In this paper, we present a REST Chart based approach to design and implement RESTful northbound API in SDN. In our approach, the RESTful API is modeled with Petri Net, and REST constraints, such as hypermedia driven, are enforced naturally. The RESTful structure of the designed northbound API can be checked almost automatically based on the described REST Chart model. The proposed approach has been applied to design and implement the northbound API of SDN in data center networks with OpenStack Neutron. To improve the protocol efficiency, we developed a structured caching mechanism for data network applications with SDN, that reduces the response time overheads by more than 65%, while it fully maintains the desired flexibility and scalability of the RESTful northbound API.
CD25<sup>+</sup>, interleukin‐10‐producing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are required for suppressor cell production and immune privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye (2003)

An important factor in the establishment of ocular immune privilege is the dynamic down regulation of T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses that occurs in response to antigens delivered intraocularly; a phenomenon that has been termed anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). ACAID is characterized by the generation of splenic regulatory cells that inhibit the expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Previous studies have shown that antigens introduced into the anterior chamber of the eye induce the generation of a CD4+ T-cell population that suppress the induction of Th1 immune responses and the appearance of a second population of CD8+ T regulatory cells that suppresses the expression of Th1 inflammatory responses (= efferent suppressor cells). Experiments described here characterized the function of the CD4+ ACAID suppressor cell population and its effect on the generation of CD8+ efferent suppressor cells that inhibit the expression of DTH in situ. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CD4+ T cells are required for the generation of CD8+ efferent suppressor cells. CD4+ T cells do not require cell contact with CD8+ T cells; instead they produce soluble IL-10 that is sufficient for the generation of ACAID suppressor cells. Finally, the CD4+ afferent T suppressor cells are not natural killer T cells, but do express the CD25 cell surface marker.
<scp>W</scp>iskott–<scp>A</scp>ldrich syndrome protein – dynamic regulation of actin homeostasis: from activation through function and signal termination in T lymphocytes (2013)

The actin cytoskeleton network forms a key link between T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation and T-cell effector functions, providing a structural basis for T-cell morphological changes and signal transduction. Accumulating evidence positions the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a scaffolding protein that promotes actin polymerization, at the center of actin cytoskeleton-dependent T-cell function. During the past decade, we and others have utilized multidisciplinary technologies, including live-cell imaging, biochemical, and biophysical analyses, to gain insight into the mechanisms by which WASp and other cytoskeletal proteins control actin homeostasis. Following TCR engagement, WASp is rapidly activated and recruited to TCR microclusters, as part of multiprotein complexes, where it promotes actin remodeling. Late in the activation process, WASp is internalized and eventually degraded. In this review, we describe the dynamic interactions of WASp with signaling proteins, which regulate its activation and recruitment to the TCR and to actin-rich sites. Finally, we present the molecular mechanism of WASp downregulation. Some of the signaling proteins that mediate WASp activation eventually lead to its degradation. Thus, we focus here on the regulation of WASp expression and function and the mechanisms whereby they control actin machinery and T-cell effector functions.
High value polyurethane resins from rubber seed oil (2016)

Abstract Rubber seed oil having high free fatty acid content and high unsaturation was used to obtain high quality polyurethane resins through epoxidation and ring opening with methanol and free fatty acids. Two polyols prepared with free fatty acids and without were cured with modified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to obtain strong, high modulus glassy polyurethanes. The effect of structure on thermal and mechanical properties was analyzed. This showed that the polyol with free fatty acid utilized to obtain a branched structure gave superior crosslinking density and mechanical properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry