gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular analyzer for Complex Refractory Organic-rich Surfaces (MACROS) (2017)

The Molecular Analyzer for Complex Refractory Organic-rich Surfaces, MACROS, is a novel instrument package being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. MACROS enables the in situ characterization of a sample's composition by coupling two powerful techniques into one compact instrument package: (1) laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDMS) for broad detection of inorganic mineral composition and non-volatile organics, and (2) liquid-phase extraction methods to gently isolate the soluble organic and inorganic fraction of a planetary powder for enrichment and detailed analysis by liquid chromatographic separation coupled to LDMS. The LDMS is capable of positive and negative ion detection, precision mass selection, and fragment analysis. Two modes are included for LDMS: single laser LDMS as the broad survey mode and two step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS). The liquid-phase extraction will be done in a newly designed extraction module (EM) prototype, providing selectivity in the analysis of a complex sample. For the sample collection, a diamond drill front end will be used to collect rock/icy powder. With all these components and capabilities together, MACROS offers a versatile analytical instrument for a mission targeting an icy moon, carbonaceous asteroid, or comet, to fully characterize the surface composition and advance our understanding of the chemical inventory present on that body.
Studies of the ion distribution in the surface of a liquid solution of sodium iodide in tetramethylguanidine–water using electron spectroscopy (1986)

O. Bohman, P. Ahlberg, M. Lundholm, S. Holmberg, R. Moberg, M. Arbman and H. Siegbahn, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1105 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001105
Polarization modulated direct detection optical transmission systems (1992)

A novel polarization modulated direct detection (PM-DD) system suitable both for binary and multilevel transmission is presented. At the transmitter the optical field is polarization modulated by a standard modulator. The receiver is based on the estimation of the Stokes parameters of the received optical field by means of a direct-detection optical front end and baseband electrical processing. The Poincare sphere rotation induced by the fiber is compensated by means of a purely electronic algorithm and the decision is performed in the Stokes space. The system performance is evaluated by an analytical model when the only relevant noise source is the receiver thermal noise and when erbium-doped optical amplifiers introduce amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. The system is completely compatible with a direct-detection-based optical network, and it is possible to implement efficient multilevel modulation formats.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Guided Mode Resonance Filter as a Spectrally Selective Feedback Element in a Double-Cladding Optical Fiber Laser (2007)

In this work, a spectrally selective optical element is introduced based on a 2-D guided mode resonance filter (GMRF) as an external feedback element. The GMRF was designed to provide a highly efficient narrow linewidth reflection within the gain bandwidth of the fiber laser, while transmitting the pump beam. These features enabled the fiber laser to operate in an external cavity configuration to provide a wavelength-stabilized and narrow linewidth output within the optical -band.
Evaluation of quality-control materials for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol quantitation. (1981)

Commercial quality-control materials and frozen plasma and serum pools were evaluated for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol quantitation by the heparin-Mn2+ and phosphotungstate-Mg2+ precipitation methods and by ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic methods. We evaluated among-day precision; inter-method differences in HDL cholesterol quantitation; lipid composition and electrophoretic mobility of th lipoprotein density fractions; and the effects of modifications in reagent concentration and temperature. Frozen plasma pools (in-house) and frozen serum pools (prepared by the Center for Disease Control) were determined to be suitable HDL controls. Also, a commercial lyophilized serum free of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to which VLDL is added in a diluent solution (Analytical Control) also appeared suitable as an HDL control material. Conventional lyophilized pools (Lyphochek Elevated, Monitrol I, Ortho Normal, Precilip) were less suitable as control materials because of poor between-day precision for one or both of the precipitation methods and, in some cases, because of large absolute differences observed between the HDL methods. A serum pool stabilized with ethylene glycol (Beckman Level I) was the least as appropriate as an HDL control material. Other lyophilized pools--Lipid Fraction Control (Hyland) prepared by a modified lyophilization process and Lipidophor (Immuno Diagnostika) prepared by lyophilization with a stabilizing agent--appear promising.
Recombinant leukocyte a interferon (rIFN-αA) in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma: Analysis of complete and long-term responding patients (1986)

Ninety-six patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received thrice weekly intramuscular injections of leukocyte A recombinant interferon (rIFN-alpha A, Roferon-A, Hoffmann La Roche) at doses of 12 X 10(6) U/m2 or 50 X 10(6) U/m2 with or without cimetidine as an immunorestorative agent. Four patients, two with prior chemotherapy, demonstrated either a complete response (3 months, soft tissue metastasis) or exceptionally durable response durations (months) of 29+ (soft tissue; lung lesion), 31+ (soft tissue), and 35+ (soft tissue; liver lesions). None of these patients had particularly characteristic clinical parameters. As noted previously, using chemotherapy, a small proportion of patients with advanced malignant melanoma, despite prior therapy, may achieve prolonged objective regression with rIFN-alpha A.
Abstract 2865: Protection from chemotherapy-induced alopecia by cytotech lbs API 31543 in a multichemotherapy course model of chloroleukemia (2010)

Abstract Alopecia remains the one side-effect of chemotherapy for which there is no therapeutic intervention. We have recently developed a multi-course chemotherapy rat model of transplantable chloroleukemia (MIAC51) in which to study Chemotherapy-[[Unsupported Character - Codename &shy;]]Induced Alopecia (CIA). This model provides the opportunity to study CIA and the cancer cells throughout multiple courses of chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the effect of calcitriol in a proprietary delivery system, Cytotech Labs API 31543 to protect from CIA using the following chemotherapy regimens: cyclophosphamide; cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin; cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cytarabine; cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and etoposide; doxorubicin, paclitaxel and etoposide. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 1×105 MIAC51 on day 5. Thereafter, 0.2µg of API 31543 or vehicle control was applied topically over the head area daily starting on day 6 for 6 consecutive days for the first course. Rats were isolated for 6 hours. Subsequently, the treated area was cleaned with soap and water and rats were returned to their litters. For the first cycle, chemotherapy regimens were administered on day 13, intraperitoneally in a total volume of 0.1 mL. Animals positive for leukemic cells in smears were euthanized on day 23. On day 31, a second anagen cycle was induced by clipping the hair in the neck area on leukemia survivors. Animals were then treated with 0.2 µg API 31543 on day 40 for 6 days in the shaven area. Chemotherapy regimens were then administered on day 46. In both cycles, alopecia was recorded 10 days after the last dose of chemotherapy. Neonatal rats treated with 0.2µg of API 31543 in the head area exhibited localized protection. Similarly, in the adult rats 0.2µg of API 31543 exerted a localized protective effect at the site of application. In both groups, rats that received chemotherapy alone became totally alopecic. Pretreatment with API 31543 protected the hair follicles against chemotherapy without having an effect on the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment of leukemia. In summary, the results herein set a solid foundation for clinical investigation of API 31543. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2865.
Endoscopy of vertical banded gastroplasty. (1989)

Vertical banded gastroplasty is the most common operation for morbid obesity. Postoperative gastroscopy was needed 91 times in 79 of 696 patients for 1) abdominal pain (23), 2) excess vomiting (22), 3) inadequate weight loss (14), 4) excess weight loss (13), 5) and a sudden increase in eating capacity (7). A normal appearance consisted of a clean gastric channel 6.8 +/- 1.4 SD cm long, with a rosette 46.6 +/- 2.1 cm from the incisors and, with insufflation, an 11 mm scope passed through this pseudopylorus snugly, but without difficulty. In Group 1, no problem was seen in the channel, and cholecystitis was found to be the cause. In Group 2, no problem was observed in ten (poor teeth and chewing), six experienced stasis or pill ulcerations, four had bezoars (fragmented or removed with basket), and two had intraluminal mesh. In Group 3, the scope floated through too large an outlet (greater than or equal to 13 mm) in eight, and no cause was seen in six (gorgers, sweets-eaters). In Group 4, tightness or stricture resolved with dilatations (Eder-Puestow; Savary; balloon dilators) in six, but seven required re-operation. In Group 5, the scope travelled through four breakdowns in the partition and three outlets were too large. Gastroscopy viewed problems accurately, indicated treatment and suggested modifications in gastroplasty technique.
Effect of Position of Polyether Attachment on the Electron Self-Exchange Activation Barrier Energies of Redox Polyether Hybrid Molten Salts (1999)

We have synthesized highly viscous, room temperature molten salts by associating [M(bpy)3]2+ cations (M = Ru or Co, bpy = 4,4‘-bipyridine) with polyether-tailed 2-sulfobenzoate anions. Microelectrode voltammetry in the undiluted melts yields, on the basis of the coupling of electron hopping with physical diffusion, electron self exchange rate constants for the CoII/I and RuIII/II couples. Activation studies show that homogeneous electron transfers in the melts have large activation barriers (34−39 kJ/mol) that are similar to those of melts in which the polyether chains are covalently attached to the [M(bpy)3]2+ cations via 4,4‘-bipyridine ester linkages (26−29 kJ/mol) and the counterion is perchlorate. The similarity of the activation barriers indicates that the large activation barriers do not result from a peculiar inner-sphere reorganizational barrier term caused by covalent linkage of the “solvent” (the polyether chains) to the bipyridine ligands. Also reported are physical diffusion constants, ionic conductivities, and viscosities. The number of ethylene oxide segments in the polyether tails seems to be an important determinant of physical diffusion rates and viscosity.
Perceptual quality assessment for H.264/AVC compression (2012)

The paper proposes a No-Reference (NR) metric to objectively assess the H.264/AVC video quality. The proposed model takes into account the typical artefacts introduced by hybrid block-based motion compensated predictive video codecs as the one related to the H.264/AVC standard. More specifically, these artefacts are the blockiness introduced at the boundaries of each coded block and the temporal flickering due to different coding modes used for the same macroblock along the video sequence. Furthermore, a flickering metric for intra coded frames is also derived. The quality prediction accuracy of the proposed NR quality metric is validated over subjective data collected during a video subjective evaluation experiments. Moreover, the quality prediction accuracy is also compared with the one provided by the well known state-of-the-art Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) metric which works in a full-reference mode. The proposed metric achieves a higher Pearson's correlation coefficient with subjective scores than the one achieved by the SSIM metric.
Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at frequencies 10 MHz – 1 GHz (1981)

Abstract An open‐ended coaxial line sensor in conjunction with an automatic network analyzer was used to measure in vivo the permittivity of several feline tissues (skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain – gray and white matter) at frequencies between 10 MHz and 1 GHz. The estimated uncertainties of measurement were between 1.5% and 5%. The data are in general agreement with previously obtained data in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences in the properties of different types of the same tissue (eg, skeletal and smooth muscle) were observed. Many tissues were found to be non‐homogeneous in its permittivity.
Development of the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve in the mouse embryo: Involvement of semaphorin 3<scp>A</scp> in dorsal muscle innervation (2013)

The spinal nerve, which is composed of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory axons and spinal motor axons, forms the dorsal ramus projecting to the dorsal musculature. By using the free-floating immunohistochemistry method, we closely examined the spatiotemporal pattern of the formation of the dorsal ramus and the relationship between its projection to the myotome/dorsal musculature and semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), which is an axonal guidance molecule. In embryonic day (E) 10.5-E11.5 wild-type mouse embryos, we clearly showed the existence of a waiting period for the dorsal ramus projection to the myotome. In contrast, in E10.5-E11.5 Sema3A-deficient embryos, the dorsal ramus fibers projected beyond the edge of the myotome without exhibiting the waiting period for projection. These results strongly suggest that the delayed innervation by dorsal ramus fibers may be caused by Sema3A-induced axon repulsion derived from the myotome. Next, by performing culture experiments, we confirmed that E12.5 mouse axons responded to Sema3A-induced repulsion. Together, our results imply that Sema3A may play a key role in the proper development of the dorsal ramus projection.
[C3F8 in the treatment of retinal detachment associated with vitreoretinal proliferation]. (1989)

The perfluoropropane gas was used as an adjunct to vitreoretinal microsurgery in 60 eyes of 60 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 0.3 ml to 1.8 ml (average 0.9 ml) of pure perfluoropropane gas was used. The surgical procedure included vitrectomy and scleral buckling in all patients. The follow-up after complete gas absorption ranged from 6 months to 3 years in the successful eyes. Total retinal reattachment was achieved in 41 eyes (68.3%). The anatomical success rate was 88% (22/25 eyes) in grade C1-C2 PVR cases, 68.7% (11/15 eyes) in grade C3-D1 PVR cases, and 42% (8/19 eyes) in grade D2-D3 PVR cases. Visual acuity of 0.1 or better was achieved in 80% of eyes with grade C PVR and 61% of eyes with grade D PVR. Visual acuity of 0.4 or better was achieved in 26.9% of eyes with grade C PVR. Macular changes were revealed by fluorescein angiography in 53% of successful eyes. We recommend the use of C3F8 rather than SF6 in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by PVR. In our experience the anatomical success rate achieved with C3F8 is approximately the same as that achieved with SF6. However permanent retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 87.8% of successful eyes of the present series of patients managed with C3F8 as compared to only 12% of successful eyes of a previous series of patients managed with SF6. The anatomical results achieved with a single operation in the C3F8 series are probably related to the greater longevity of C3F8 as compared to that of SF6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF II VI DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR ZnTe/Zn 1 x Mn x Te SUPERLATTICES (1999)

The photoluminescence, photoreflectance and Raman spectra of ZnTe/Zn 1 x Mn x Te superlattice samples grown by MBE technique were studied from 11 to 80K.Excitonic subband energy levels were calculated, in which the strain effects due to lattice mismatch were taken into account.The effects of conduction band offset ratio Q c,x value and average lattice constant on the excitonic energy levels were discussed. Multi phonon spectra up to six order phonon overtone and the combination modes of optical phonons between wells and barriers and in barriers were observed by Raman spectra.
Über die Reaktivität des Cyanharnstoffs mit α‐Halogenketonen (1966)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Cyanharnstoff mit ω‐Brom‐acetophenon oder einigen p ‐Substitutions‐produkten entstehen in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen 4‐substituierte 1‐Cyanimidazolone‐(2) 1 bzw. 5‐substituierte 2‐Amino‐oxazole 8 . Der nucleophile Angriff des ambidenten Cyanharnstoff‐Anions auf die polarisierte CBr‐Bindung der α‐Bromketone erfolgt also in beiden Fällen über das N‐Atom. Die 1‐Cyan‐imidazolone‐(2) lassen sich leicht zu 1‐Carbamoyl‐imidazolonen‐(2) 3 bzw. unter gleichzeitiger Decarboxylierung zu Imidazolonen‐(2) 2 verseifen. — Setzt man bei obiger Reaktion die doppelte Menge Cyanharnstoff ein, so erhält man mit den ω‐Brom‐acetophenonen sowie mit 2‐Brom‐butanon, α‐Brom‐propiophenon und Desylbromid die entsprechend substituierten 1‐Cyanguanyl‐imidazolone‐(2) 4 .
Design of a 1.5-V high-order curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap reference (2004)

A low-voltage low-noise high-order curvature-compensated CMOS bandgap reference is proposed in this paper. Two resistor strings are added to the bandgap circuit to reduce the supply voltage. In addition, a temperature-dependent resistor ratio generated by a high-resistive poly resistor is used to provide the high-order compensation. The proposed bandgap voltage reference can operate down to a 1.5V supply (where V/sub th/ = 0.9V at 0/spl deg/C) with a temperature coefficient of less than 15.2ppm//spl deg/C and an average line regulation of 5.5mV/V.
Ammonia Removal from Wastewaters Using Natural Australian Zeolite. II. Pilot-Scale Study Using Continuous Packed Column Process (1999)

Abstract A pilot-scale process was designed and operated to investigate the continuous removal of ammonia from sewage using natural zeolite from Australia. The process consisted of a fixed-bed ion-exchange system operated in the downflow mode. Evaluation of the pilot process was initially undertaken for ammonia removal from tap water spiked with ammonium chloride to provide performance data in the absence of competing cations. The performance of the pilot process was then assessed using sewage as feed. Breakthrough curves were constructed for a range of treatment flow rates. Existing models for packed bed performance were shown to be able to predict the breakthrough behavior of the process. The results of a study are presented that show that Australian natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, may be successfully employed in a fixed-bed ion-exchange process to achieve high ammonia removal efficiencies from aqueous solutions at rates commensurate with sand filtration. The rate of uptake of ammonium by the zeolite is sufficient to support a continuous high rate process. Acknowledgments
Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility. (1991)

A murine monoclonal antibody (M31-15) was identified using the penetration-inhibiting assay of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (MAC10) and remarkably inhibited the phagokinetic tract motility of various cancer cell lines. The antigen, motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by M31-15, was 25- and 28-kD proteins, and M31-15 was used to isolate a cDNA clone from a human breast carcinoma cDNA library. Sequence analysis revealed that MRP-1 had strong similarity with a B cell surface antigen (CD37), a melanoma-associated antigen (ME491), the target of an antiproliferative antibody (TAPA-1), a human tumor-associated antigen (CO-029), and the Sm23 antigen of the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
Development of an Ultracompact Integrated Heart‐Lung Assist Device (1999)

A novel integrated heart-lung assist device has been developed as a simple to use portable cardiopulmonary support system. The device comprises a centrifugal pump and an artificial lung, which is located around the pump, in an all in one system. The special membrane employed precludes plasma breakthrough in protracted use and enables preprimed setup. Test lungs consisting of the same membrane preserved gas exchange function well after 3 months of preprimed storage. The entire blood contacting surface is treated with covalent heparin bonding to impart good antithrombogenicity. Heparin bonded test lungs could be continuously perfused without systemic anticoagulation as long as 36 days in a venoarterial bypass chronic animal study using goats. The prototype device (diameter, 126 mm; height, 59 mm; membrane area, 0.85 m2; priming volume, 180 ml) demonstrated 9 L/min pump output at a 400 mm Hg pressure head and 180 ml/min oxygen and 110 ml/min carbon dioxide transfer rates at 5 L/min blood flow. We conclude that this device has potential to be the next generation cardiopulmonary support system.
A Quasi-LTI Frequency-Selective SAW Circulator (2018)

A novel topology to obtain 3 port nonreciprocal propagation in a magnetless medium is here presented. A modulation frequency of 15 MHz guarantees 10 dB of nonreciprocal contrast at 870 MHz by modulating a SAW filter with a switched capacitor network. An unprecedented 40dBc first order Inter Modulation Distortion (IMD) is achieved thanks to unique features of RF acoustic filters, obtaining a Linear Periodically Time Variant (LPTV) circuit behaving as a quasi-LTI circuit.
演出很精彩，可惜你不在——纪念永远的希斯·莱杰 (2008)

记得第一次看到希斯·莱杰还是在2001年,当时就因为这个有着灿烂笑容的澳州金发少年居然让原本无比挑剔的我看完了平淡如水的《骑士传奇》,并深信:假以时日,他必定在好莱坞大放异彩。果然,《格林兄弟》、《卡萨诺瓦》、《断背山》接踵而来,直至《蝙蝠侠6:黑暗骑士》为他短暂而辉煌的一生添上了最浓重而绚丽的色彩。《蝙蝠侠6》上映了,好评如潮,演出很精彩,可惜你不在!
Self-Quenching Halogen-Filled Counters (1948)

Counters filled with small percentages of the halogens mixed with the inert gases produced self-quenching counters. The lifetimes of these counters in terms of total counts are apparently unlimited. Several mixtures exhibited thresholds below 250 volts at total pressures ordinarily used in counters. Pulse size, efficiency, and quenching characteristics are similar to those obtained with argon-alcohol Geiger-Mueller counters filled with a ten percent mixture to total pressures in excess of 10 cm Hg. The percentages of halogens required to make good counters were about the same as the optimum concentrations reported* for quenching metastable states in the rare gases.
Highly Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Anhydrides by Carbon Nucleophiles: Reactions of Grignard Reagents in the Presence of (−)-Sparteine (2002)

Where other common chiral ligands failed, (−)-sparteine can be employed to form complexes with Grignard reagents. These chirally modified reagents desymmetrize a range of anhydrides with good enantioselectivity (up to 92 % ee; see scheme). Whereas (−)-sparteine is well known to form complexes with organolithium reagents and to induce excellent enantioselection in their reactions with electrophiles, (−)-sparteine-controlled asymmetric processes that involve Grignard reagents are rare.