gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures of native and xylosaccharide‐bound alkali thermostable xylanase from an alkalophilic <i>Bacillus</i> sp. NG‐27: Structural insights into alkalophilicity and implications for adaptation to polyextreme conditions (2006)

Crystal structures are known for several glycosyl hydrolase family 10 (GH10) xylanases. However, none of them is from an alkalophilic organism that can grow in alkaline conditions. We have determined the crystal structures at 2.2 Angstroms of a GH10 extracellular endoxylanase (BSX) from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. NG-27, for the native and the complex enzyme with xylosaccharides. The industrially important enzyme is optimally active and stable at 343 K and at a pH of 8.4. Comparison of the structure of BSX with those of other thermostable GH10 xylanases optimally active at acidic or close to neutral pH showed that the solvent-exposed acidic amino acids, Asp and Glu, are markedly enhanced in BSX, while solvent-exposed Asn was noticeably depleted. The BSX crystal structure when compared with putative three-dimensional homology models of other extracellular alkalophilic GH10 xylanases from alkalophilic organisms suggests that a protein surface rich in acidic residues may be an important feature common to these alkali thermostable enzymes. A comparison of the surface features of BSX and of halophilic proteins allowed us to predict the activity of BSX at high salt concentrations, which we verified through experiments. This offered us important lessons in the polyextremophilicity of proteins, where understanding the structural features of a protein stable in one set of extreme conditions provided clues about the activity of the protein in other extreme conditions. The work brings to the fore the role of the nature and composition of solvent-exposed residues in the adaptation of enzymes to polyextreme conditions, as in BSX.
Islet Cell Transplantation: In Vivo and in Vitro Functional Assessment of Nonhuman Primate Pancreatic Islets (2000)

Transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans as a therapeutic approach for treatment of type I diabetes offers an alternative to subcutaneous insulin injections. Normalization of blood glucose levels by transplanted islets may prevent the development of diabetes-related complications. Problems related to rejection, recurrence of autoimmunity, and local inflammation upon transplantation of islets into the liver need to be solved before the implementation of islet cell transplantation can be viewed as a justifiable procedure in a large cohort of patients. Islet cell isolation has been quite successful in small animals, but the translation of this approach to nonhuman primates has been less rewarding. One of the main problems encountered in nonhuman primate models is the difficulty of isolating an adequate number of functional islets for transplantation. The aim of the present study was to develop a method for isolating a sufficient number of viable islets from nonhuman primates to allow for reversal of diabetes. By implementing minor modifications in the automated method for human islet isolation we were able to obtain viable, functional islets that responded normally to glucose stimulation in vitro. These islets were also able to reverse diabetes in immunocompromised nude mice, rendered diabetic by streptozotocin. This method of islet cell isolation has enabled us to proceed with protocols of allogeneic islet cell transplantation in preclinical, nonhuman primate models.
A Literature Synthesis Indicates Very Low Quality, but Consistent Evidence of Improvements in Function after Surgical Interventions for Primary Osteoarthritis of the Elbow (2013)

Background. Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is a debilitating disease with an overall incidence of about 2%. Pain and reduced motion (ROM) lead to disability and loss of functional independence. Purpose. To critically review the literature on patient-related important functional outcomes (pain, ROMs and functional recovery) after surgery for primary OA of the elbow, utilizing the 2011 OCEBM levels of evidence. Design. A literature synthesis. Results. Twenty-six articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 25 of the studies were at level IV evidence, and 1 at level III. All three surgical techniques led to improvement in pain, ROM, and functional recovery in the short- and medium-term follow-up. Long-term follow-up results, available only for open joint debridement, showed recurrence of osteoarthritic signs on X-ray with minimal loss of motion. Recently, there seems to be an increased focus on arthroscopic debridement. Conclusion. The quality of research addressing surgical interventions is very low, including total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). However, the evidence concurs that open and arthroscopic joint debridement can improve function in patients with moderate-to-severe OA of the elbow. TEA is reserved for treating severe joint destruction, mostly for elderly individuals with low physical demands when other intervention options have failed.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Log Event Classification on Distributed Cluster Systems (2018)

With the widespread development of cloud computing, cluster systems are becoming increasingly complex, system logs is an universal and effective approach for automatic system management and troubleshooting. Log event classification as an effective preprocessing method for log analysis, which is helpful for system administrators to locate or predict components’ have errors or failures.In this paper, we design and implement an automatic log classification system based on deep CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models, and take advantage of the feature engineering and learning algorithm to improve classification performance. First, in the feature engineering step, to address the problem of that the original unstructured event logs are unsuitable for numerical calculation in deep CNN models, we propose a novel and effective log preprocessing method, which include building categories dictionary libraries, filtering abundant information, generating numerical semantic feature vectors by calculating and combining the semantic similarity values for filtered log events. Additionally, in the learning step, we measure a series of deep CNN algorithms with varied hyper-parameter combinations by using standard evaluation metrics, and the results of our study reveal the advantages and potential capabilities of the proposed deep CNN models for log classification tasks on cluster systems. The optimal classification precision of our approach is 98.14%, which surpasses the popular traditional machine learning methods, and it can also be applied to other large-scale system logs with good accuracy. Just like the experiment results, different choices of learning algorithm do result in performance numbers varying, and subsequently careful feature engineering enables promoting performances, thus both of approaches contribute to best learning model finding.
Cyclic Voltammetrically‐Prepared MnO<sub>2</sub> Coated on an ITO Glass Substrate (2009)

Abstract For the first time, nanostructured manganese dioxide was successfully electrodeposited onto an ITO (indium tin oxide) glass substrate by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method from an aqueous solution of 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 containing 5 × 10 −3 M MnSO 4 . The obtained manganese dioxide‐modified ITO glass substrates were characterized by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. All results not only proved the existence of MnO 2 on an ITO glass substrate but also demonstrated that the morphology of the obtained MnO 2 was greatly affected by the electrodeposition conditions. Also, this MnO 2 ‐modified ITO electrode was systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in an aqueous electrolyte of 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 . The results obtained from electrochemical measurement indicated that this developed MnO 2 ‐modified ITO electrode has a satisfied specific capacitance value of 264 F·g −1 and exhibits excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility.
Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stillage from alcohol fermentation of Jerusalem artichokes. (1989)

The feasilibity of biomass production in the Jerusalem artichoke stillage using yeast culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The influence of stillage concentration, ammonia concentration in stillage and incremental feeding on biomass yield have been examined. It was found that the biomass yield from carbohydrate decreases even in stillage concentrated to three-quarters of its original volume
Separation of Cesium and Strontium by Potassium Nickel (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKEYWORDS: potassium nickel hexacyanoferratezeolite Aimpregnationloadingadsorptionseparation processrecoverycesiumstrontiumdistribution coefficientchromatographyradioactive waste solutions
New device for accurate measurement of the x‐ray intensity distribution of x‐ray tube focal spots (1975)

A new device has been developed with which the focal spot distribution can be measured accurately. The alignment and localization of the focal spot relative to the device are accomplished by adjustment of three micrometer screws in three orthogonal directions and by comparison of red reference light spots with green fluorescent pinhole images at five locations. The standard deviations for evaluating the reproducibility of the adjustments in the horizontal and vertical directions were 0.2 and 0.5 mm, respectively. Measurements were made of the pinhole images as well as of the line-spread functions (LSFs) and modulation transfer functions (MTFs) for an x-ray tube with focal spots of 1-mm and 50-mum nominal size. The standard deviations for the LSF and MTF of the 1-mm focal spot were 0.017 and 0.010, respectively.
An Analog VLSI Velocity Sensor System for Depth Perception (2006)

The authors present a neuromorphic analog very large scale integration integrated circuit (IC)-based system for determining the relative depth of objects in a scene. This system called the depth through motion parallax (DTMP) system computes the depth of an object in its field of view using the DTMP algorithm-an algorithm that is based on psychophysical studies of vision in humans. The IC computes the apparent velocity of the object from the measured transit times (the time it takes for the image to move from one pixel to the next) and consumes an average power of less than 2 mW. To compute the depth of a stationary or moving object, the authors accelerate the observer using a motion controller and obtain the apparent acceleration (change in the apparent velocity) rather than just the apparent velocity. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor can be used to provide accurate relative depth information of the objects based on their apparent accelerations. The description of a fully self-contained system based on the prototype DTMP system is also presented
A New Static Watt Compensator for the Iron&Steel Company of Trinidad and Tobago (1982)

The paper describes the application and results of a static watt compensator for the steelmill in Trinidad. The development was predicted by numerous system studies which indicated that a real power compensator was essential to contain the active power swings and frequency variations on the relatively weak power supply system caused as a result of electric arc furnace operation, as well as to protect the turbine generators from premature failures. The results have been most satisfactory, and the real power compensator has allowed the steelmill to concentrate on producing steel without further regard to the limitations of the utility system. It is envisaged that the new static watt compensator can find many useful applications in similar circumstances, where the load is large and fluctuating, and the power supply system is relatively soft or is still evolving.
Beginning jQuery 2 for ASP.NET Developers (2013)

jQuery is the most popular JavaScript library in use today, appearing on nearly two thirds of the 10,000 most visited sites on the web. With this sort of popularity, it’s clear that ASP.NET developers
Enhanced performance of low-power (<60mW) femtosecond free space optical communication system over conventional CW operation (2007)

These experiments report the first qualitative observation of dependency of typical fog transmission on pulse length and the first systematic measurement of scattering amplitude and pattern for fs-pulse propagation through strongly scattering (fog) medium. Also, we include the first reported measurement of enhancement of fs-pulse propagation in real FSO environment. We also provide a classical analysis of the Mie-Scattering predictions, and experiments which demonstrate a different transmission behavior than is predicted. This proves only in part that the enhanced fs performance is due to a different scattering formula than is expected; absorption is normally a value which is measured by default. Once the transmission and scattering properties of a stable substance are known (usually determined in two different measurements), the difference is the absorption. This is particularly hard to do in simulated fog, as the simulation itself is unstable, as is real fog. However, there is no current measurement or claim which indicates this enhanced propagation is related to different physics of absorption of Ultrafast Pulses by the atmosphere.
Statistical machine translation of spontaneous speech with scarce resources. (2004)

This paper deals with the task of statistical machine transla-tion of spontaneous speech using a limited amount of training data. We propose a method for selecting relevant additional training data from other sources that may come from other domains. We present two ways to solve the data sparse-ness problem by including morphological information into the EM training of word alignments. We show that the use of part-of-speech information for harmonizing word order be-tween source and target sentences yields significant improve-ments in the BLEU score. 1.
Analytical estimation of measurement error performanceof multiwavelength simultaneous monitoring circuit (1997)

The authors estimate the frequency/power measurement error of a multiwavelength simultaneous monitoring circuit. The initial frequency measurement error is dominated by an imbalance in the bandwidths of the adjacent ports, compared with those of the optoelectrical conversion efficiency. The polarisation dependent power monitoring error is estimated to be ±0.18 and ±0.08 dB at the normalised-bandwidths of 0.4 and 0.6, respectively.
Scalable Multi-View Video Coding for Interactive 3DTV (2006)

A standard for scalable video coding (SVC) is currently being worked on by the ISO MPEG group. Work on standardization of multiple-view video coding (MVC) has also recently started under the ISO MPEG. Although there are many approaches published on SVC and MVC, there is no current work reported on scalable multi-view video coding (SMVC). This paper presents new coding structures for scalable stereo and multi-view video coding. The proposed structures are implemented as extensions to the JSVM software and resulting bitrates and PSNR are demonstrated. SMVC can be used for transport of multiview video over IP for interactive 3DTV by dynamic adaptive combination of temporal, spatial, and SNR scalability according to network conditions
The Maternal and Child Health-Family Planning Training and Research Center. (1973)

The Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning Training and Research Center of Meharry Medical College was established in July 1971 with an Agency for International Development grant. The Center has a multinational and multitalented staff of 25 public health specialists. The Center also has connections with various American universities. The center sponsors different programs and seminars designed to increase the number of trained international health workers in maternal and child health and family planning fields. The Center runs a domestic health program too.
Suppression of Spontaneous Scratching in Hairless Rats by Sedatives but Not by Antipruritics (2002)

Experimental scratching in animals has hitherto been provoked by substances injected into the skin or central nervous system. We aimed to investigate if spontaneous scratching in the rat can be reduced by sedatives and antipruritics, and to assess if spontaneous scratching is elicited from the skin or the central nervous system. It may also be a complex behaviour related to the rat species, different from clinical itch. Eight male hairless rats were studied for 6 weeks. The animals were recorded on videotape in the middle of the day and at night, and the scratching activity was counted. The following substances were tested sequentially: midazolam, mepyramine, a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA, betamethasone dipropionate and a vehicle. On days 1-3 of each sequence, the test material was applied to a 42-cm(2) area on the rostral part of the back. Subsequent treatment of the whole body was made on day 4. Midazolam was injected intraperitoneally from day 1 to day 4. After 4 days of treatment, there was a wash-out phase of 3 days until the next sequence. We found a positive correlation between minutes awake and number of scratch episodes. Spontaneous scratching was lower after mepyramine on day 4 (p = 0.046) and after midazolam injections on days 1-3 (p = 0.009) and day 4 (p = 0.003). The local anaesthetic, EMLA, did not significantly influence spontaneous scratching. In conclusion, only the drugs with sedative properties suppressed spontaneous scratching, which is probably a cerebral phenomenon or otherwise explained general behaviour, rather than a reaction to skin stimuli. Thus, for testing of topically applied antipruritics, spontaneous scratching cannot be used as an animal model. Furthermore, evaluation of provocative scratching should eliminate/exclude spontaneous scratching.
Phase structure and continuity in polymer blends and composites (1976)

Abstract Polymer blends and composites are composed of two different components, and usually, two different phases. Sometimes one phase is continuous and the other clearly discontinuous. Often, however, both phases retain some degree of continuity, as in certain fiber reinforced composites, block copolymers, materials composed of alternating lamellae structures and interpenetrating networks. A semi‐empirical theory is developed to express mathematically not only the known structures, but also two‐phase morphologies not yet synthesized or characterized. Many structures both real and proposed are shown to exhibit dual phase continuity, although for most systems, one phase can be said to be “more continuous” and the other “less continuous”.
Novel pre-C/C gene mutants of hepatitis B virus in chronic active hepatitis: naturally occurring escape mutants (1996)

We have analysed serum samples taken from hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) patients by PCR using primers spanning the pre-core/core (C) and pre-S1/S2 ORFs. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that among 18 HBV-infected CAH patients, 11 had virus with a G to A mutation (nucleotide 1896; leading to the formation of a stop codon) and one patient also had virus with an additional G to A mutation three nucleotides downstream (nucleotide 1899). HBV from three patients that were HBeAg-negative showed a 1 bp deletion at nucleotide 1937, causing pre-termination of the C gene. Mutation frequencies in the sequences identified as coding for cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, B cell epitopes, CD4+ helper T cell epitopes and arginine-rich regions of the HBV C peptide were investigated. Mutations were more frequently identified in these regions, suggesting that the mutations might have been selected as a result of immune responses.
Photolysis of N-Hydroxypyridinethiones: A New Source of Hydroxyl Radicals for the Direct Damage of Cell-Free and Cellular DNA (1996)

N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione (2-HPT), known to release hydroxyl radicals on irradiation with visible light, and two related compounds, viz. N-hydroxypyridine-4-thione (4-HPT) and N-hydroxyacridine-9-thione (HAT), were tested for their potency to induce DNA damage in L1210 mouse leukemia cells and in isolated DNA from bacteriophage PM2. DNA single-strand breaks and modifications sensitive to various repair endonucleases (Fpg protein, endonuclease III, exonuclease III, T4 endonuclease V) were quantified. Illumination of cell-free DNA in the presence of 2-HPT and 4-HPT gave rise to damage profiles characteristic for hydroxyl radicals, i.e. single-strand breaks and the various endonuclease-sensitive modifications were formed in the same ratios as after exposure to established hydroxyl radical sources. In contrast, HAT plus light gave rise to a completely different DNA damage profile, namely that characteristic for singlet oxygen. Experiments with various scavengers (t-butanol, catalase, superoxide dismutase) and in D2O as solvent confirmed that hydroxyl radicals are directly responsible for the DNA damage caused by photoexcited 2-HPT and 4-HPT, while the damage by HAT plus light is mediated by singlet oxygen and type I reactions. The type of DNA damage characteristic of hydroxyl radicals was also observed in L1210 mouse leukemia cells when treated with 2-HPT plus light or with H2O2 at 0 degrees C. t-Butanol (2%) inhibited the cellular DNA damage by approximately 50%. A dose of 2-HPT plus light that generated single-strand breaks at a frequency of 5 x 10(-7)/bp was associated with 50% cell survival. No DNA damage and cytotoxicity was observed after treatment with 2-HPT in the dark. We propose that 2-HTP and 4-HTP may serve as new agents to study the consequences of DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals in cells. In addition, the data provide direct evidence that hydroxyl radicals are ultimately responsible for the genotoxic effects caused by H2O2 in the dark.
Low Schottky barriers on n-type silicon (001) (2003)

It has been reported that no metal shows a Schottky barrier of less than 0.4 eV on n-type silicon (001). This is attributed to interface states between metal and silicon (001), which pin the interface Fermi level and make the Schottky barrier more or less independent of the metal work function. We demonstrate that, by terminating dangling bonds and relaxing strained bonds on the silicon (001) surface with a monolayer of selenium, low Schottky barriers can be obtained on n-type silicon (001). Aluminum and chromium show barrier heights of 0.08 and 0.26 eV on n-type silicon (001), respectively. These results agree well with the ideal Schottky barrier heights for aluminum and chromium on n-type silicon (001), but are significantly different from the experimental barrier heights known for four decades for these metals on n-type silicon (001).