gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>K</i> <i>u</i>-band radiation produced by a relativistic backward wave oscillator (1986)

Reported in this paper are the results of an experiment to produce high-power Ku-band (12–18 GHz) microwave radiation from a backward wave oscillator (BWO) driven by a relativistic electron beam. Experimentally measured output power was about 250 MW at 12.5 GHz and 100 MW at 14 GHz. A description of the slow wave structure is given along with theoretical predictions of the vacuum waveguide dispersion relations. The diagnostics to determine the frequency and power of the device are described. Finally, comparisons between the experimentally measured frequency and power, and the analytic and numerical simulations of the BWO are made.
A new reducing system: calcium metal in amines. Effect of hexamethylphosphoramide on calcium reductions (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new reducing system: calcium metal in amines. Effect of hexamethylphosphoramide on calcium reductionsRobert A. Benkeser and Jahyo KangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 21, 3737–3739Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01335a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01335a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of chitosan gel containing liposome-loaded epidermal growth factor on burn wound healing (2011)

The objective of this study is to develop a chitosan gel formulation containing liposomes loaded with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and to evaluate their effects on the healing of second-degree burn wounds in rats by immunohistochemical, histochemical and histological methods. EGF-containing multilamellar liposomes which were carried in chitosan gel, EGF gel and EGF-loaded liposome formulations were prepared. The in vivo experiments were performed on female Sprague Dawley rats. Second-degree standard burn wounds were formed on rats and liposomes containing 10 µg/ml EGF in 2% chitosan gel, EGF-chitosan gel and EGF-loaded liposome formulations were applied daily to the burn wounds and biopsies were taken at the 3rd, 7th and 14th day of the treatment. When the results were evaluated immunohistochemically, there were significant increases in cell proliferation observed in the EGF-containing liposome in chitosan gel (ELJ) formulation applied group (P < 0·001). The histochemical results showed that the epithelisation rate in the ELJ group was the highest compared with the other group results (P < 0·001). The histological results indicated and supported these findings and faster epithelisation was observed in the ELJ group compared with the other groups.
Carbohydrate-binding domain of the POMGnT1 stem region modulates <i>O</i> -mannosylation sites of α-dystroglycan (2016)

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex, which connects the cell membrane to the basement membrane, is essential for a variety of biological events, including maintenance of muscle integrity. An O-mannose-type GalNAc-β1,3-GlcNAc-β1,4-(phosphate-6)-Man structure of α-dystroglycan (α-DG), a subunit of the complex that is anchored to the cell membrane, interacts directly with laminin in the basement membrane. Reduced glycosylation of α-DG is linked to some types of inherited muscular dystrophy; consistent with this relationship, many disease-related mutations have been detected in genes involved in O-mannosyl glycan synthesis. Defects in protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1), a glycosyltransferase that participates in the formation of GlcNAc-β1,2-Man glycan, are causally related to muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), a congenital muscular dystrophy, although the role of POMGnT1 in postphosphoryl modification of GalNAc-β1,3-GlcNAc-β1,4-(phosphate-6)-Man glycan remains elusive. Our crystal structures of POMGnT1 agreed with our previous results showing that the catalytic domain recognizes substrate O-mannosylated proteins via hydrophobic interactions with little sequence specificity. Unexpectedly, we found that the stem domain recognizes the β-linked GlcNAc of O-mannosyl glycan, an enzymatic product of POMGnT1. This interaction may recruit POMGnT1 to a specific site of α-DG to promote GlcNAc-β1,2-Man clustering and also may recruit other enzymes that interact with POMGnT1, e.g., fukutin, which is required for further modification of the GalNAc-β1,3-GlcNAc-β1,4-(phosphate-6)-Man glycan. On the basis of our findings, we propose a mechanism for the deficiency in postphosphoryl modification of the glycan observed in POMGnT1-KO mice and MEB patients.
The free amino groups of insulin (1945)

Research Article| January 01 1945 The free amino groups of insulin F. Sanger F. Sanger 1Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1945) 39 (5): 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0390507 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation F. Sanger; The free amino groups of insulin. Biochem J 1 January 1945; 39 (5): 507–515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0390507 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1945 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, ENGLAND1945 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Design and Testing of Low Noise Landing Gears (2006)

In the approach phase of large commercial aircraft, airframe noise – and in particular that from landing gears – is one of the dominant aircraft noise components. Within a European co-financed research project entitled “Significantly Lower Community Exposure to Aircraft Noise” (codenamed SILENCER) a study in “advanced low noise landing gear design” was performed to develop operational landing gears which take into account aeroacoustic constraints early in the design stage. Airbus aircraft typical configurations of low wing with underslung engines and A340 type gears were selected as reference. RANS flow field calculations were performed and used to identify and thus avoid the impingement of high speed flow onto critical gear structure elements. The evaluation of CFD results with respect to the effects on aerodynamic noise was performed on the basis of related experimental experience and a semi-empirical landing gear noise model. Both low noise advanced nose and main landing gears were designed and manufactured at full scale for noise testing in the 8 m by 6 m open test section of the German-Dutch Wind Tunnel (DNW-LLF).
A high power IGBT module for traction motor drive (2002)

A 2000-V, 300-A insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module consisting of six IGBT chips and two soft-and-fast recovery diode (SFD) chips has been fabricated for the inverter of a traction motor. The module structure and chip layout were designed to provide sufficient reliability and uniform operation among chips. The main electrical characteristics which were obtained from the tradeoff relations between on-state voltages and switching losses of 2000-V chips, namely, a saturation voltage of 3.5 V, a forward voltage of 2.7 V, and a typical turn-off time of 5 mu s, are well suited to driving a motor at a high frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Diverted Total Syntheses of Potent Cell Adhesion Inhibitor Peribysin E Analogues (2013)

Preliminary results from a program aimed at the creation of a focused library of analogues around the natural product peribysin E, a potent biologically active and structurally fascinating molecule, are reported. The total synthesis of (±)-peribysin E was accomplished using a short route. Eight new analogues of the natural compound have been accomplished by means of "diverted total synthesis" in less than 10 steps. The present effort highlights protecting-group-free total syntheses and the shortest route to access these functionally embellished hydrindanes.
N-glycomic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver cirrhosis induced by hepatitis B virus (2007)

This study indicates that a branch alpha(1,3)-fucosylated glycan is associated with the development of HCC. The serum N-glycan profile is a promising noninvasive method for detecting HCC in patients with cirrhosis and could be a valuable supplement to AFP in the diagnosis of HCC in HBV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis. Its use for the screening, follow-up, and management of patients with cirrhosis and HCC should be evaluated further.
Studies in pancreatic fibrosis; a simple diagnostic gelatin film test for stool trypsin. (1949)

A simple new test is described which estimates roughly the proteolytic activity of stools by determining their ability to liquefy gelatin. Fecal suspensions are placed upon gelatin film (unexposed and unfixed) and the extent of removal of the gelatin film noted. Two groups of patients were studied: (a) 500 normal and sick individuals, and (b) 50 patients with pancreatic fibrosis. In group (a), less than 5% of the infant group lacked this proteolytic power. As one advanced into the older age groups, this percentage increased. The administration of a laxative to some older children with absent tryptic activity resulted in stools possessing tryptic activity. A total of 220 separate stool specimens were examined from patients in group (b). In 209 specimens, there was no tryptic activity. The remaining 11 specimens from seven patients showed definite tryptic activity. Three patients in this group had minimal tryptic activity in the duodenal fluid. When oral pancreatin was given to patients with pancreatic fibrosis, the stools became positive for trypsin. When laxatives were given to a few patients with pancreatic fibrosis, the stool trypsin test remained negative. The duodenal fluid was assayed in a number of infants with acute and chronic nutritional disturbances, and, when tryptic activity was demonstrated in the duodenal fluid, the stools showed the presence of trypsin. The possibilities of bacterial or food origin of fecal tryptic activity have been considered and largely eliminated. Three separate stool examinations by this test in infants are proposed as sufficient either to eliminate or to make probable the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusions and interpretations based on a single examination is hazardous. At least three menspecimens should be studied and whenever doubt arises duodenal intubation is indicated.
Robust clock tree synthesis with timing yield optimization for 3D-ICs (2011)

3D integration has new manufacturing and design challenges such as timing corner mismatch between tiers and device variation due to Through Silicon Via (TSV) induced stress. Timing corner mismatch between tiers is caused because each tier is manufactured in independent process. Therefore, inter-die variation should be considered to analyze and optimize for paths spreading over several tiers. TSV induced stress is another challenge in 3D Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS). Mobility variation of a clock buffer due to stress from TSV can cause unexpected skew which degrades overall chip performance. In this paper, we propose clock tree design methodology with the following objectives: (a) to minimize clock period variation by assigning optimal z-location of clock buffers with an Integer Linear Program (ILP) formulation, (b) to prevent unwanted skew induced by the stress. In the results, we show that our clock buffer tier assignment reduces clock period variation up to 34.2%, and the most of stress-induced skew can be removed by our stress-aware CTS. Overall, we show that performance gain can be up to 5.7% with our robust 3D CTS.
What If We Do Not have Multiple Videos of the Same Action? — Video Action Localization Using Web Images (2016)

This paper tackles the problem of spatio-temporal action localization in a video, without assuming the availability of multiple videos or any prior annotations. Action is localized by employing images downloaded from internet using action name. Given web images, we first dampen image noise using random walk and evade distracting backgrounds within images using image action proposals. Then, given a video, we generate multiple spatio-temporal action proposals. We suppress camera and background generated proposals by exploiting optical flow gradients within proposals. To obtain the most action representative proposals, we propose to reconstruct action proposals in the video by leveraging the action proposals in images. Moreover, we preserve the temporal smoothness of the video and reconstruct all proposal bounding boxes jointly using the constraints that push the coefficients for each bounding box toward a common consensus, thus enforcing the coefficient similarity across multiple frames. We solve this optimization problem using variant of two-metric projection algorithm. Finally, the video proposal that has the lowest reconstruction cost and is motion salient is used to localize the action. Our method is not only applicable to the trimmed videos, but it can also be used for action localization in untrimmed videos, which is a very challenging problem. We present extensive experiments on trimmed as well as untrimmed datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: Distribution, partitioning, and sources (1996)

Measurements of important reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , PAN, PPN, NO 3 − , NO y ), C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbons, O 3 , chemical tracers (C 2 Cl 4 , CO), and meteorological parameters were made in the troposphere (0 to 12 km) over the western Pacific (0°–50°N) during the Pacific Exploratory Mission‐West A campaign (September–October 1991). Under clean conditions, mixing ratios of NO, NO 2 , NO y , and O 3 increased with altitude and showed a distinct latitudinal gradient. PAN showed a midtropospheric maximum, while nitric acid mixing ratios were generally highest near the surface. Measured NO y concentrations were significantly greater than the sum of individually measured nitrogen species (mainly NO x , PAN, and HNO 3 ), suggesting that a large fraction of reactive nitrogen present in the atmosphere is made up of hitherto unknown species. This shortfall was larger in the tropics (≈65%) compared to midlatitudes (≈40%) and was minimal in air masses with high HNO 3 mixing ratios (>100 ppt). A global three‐dimensional photochemical model has been used to compare observations with predictions and to assess the significance of major sources. It is possible that the tropical lightning source is much greater than commonly assumed, and both lightning source and its distribution remain a major area of uncertainty in the budgets of NO y and NO x . A large disagreement between measurement and theory exists in the atmospheric distribution of HNO 3 . It appears that surface‐based anthropogenic emissions provide nearly 65% of the global atmospheric NO y reservoir. Relatively constant NO x /NO y ratios imply that NO y and NO x are in chemical equilibrium and the NO y reservoir may be an important in situ source of atmospheric NO x . Data are interpreted to suggest that only about 20% of the upper tropospheric (7–12 km) NO x is directly attributable to its surface NO x source, and free tropospheric sources are dominant. In situ release of NO x from the NO y reservoir, lightning, direct transport of surface NO x , aircraft emissions, and small stratospheric input collectively maintain the NO x balance in the atmosphere. It is shown that atmospheric ratios of reactive nitrogen and sulfur species, along with trajectory analysis, can be used to pinpoint the source of Asian continental outflow. Compared to rural atmospheres over North America, air masses over the Pacific are highly efficient in net O 3 production. Sources of tropospheric NO x cannot yet be accurately defined due to shortcomings in measurements and theory.
A Low-Power Area-Efficient SAR-Assisted Hybrid ADC for Ultrasound Imaging (2017)

This thesis presents a Low-Power Area-Ecient SAR-Assisted Hybrid ADC for ultra-<br/>sound imaging systems. This ADC combines a 5-bit SAR ADC per channel with a 4-bit single-slope ADC that produces the converter's LSBs and is implemented using shared hardware. The number of unit capacitors of the proposed ADC is about 1/16th of that of a 9-bit conventional SAR ADC, thus saving die area. The power consumption is reduced by sharing the delay line and ramp generator of the single-slope ADC among an ADC array. The simulated ENOB is 8.48bits, the power consumption is 419.3µW at a sampling rate of 33MS/s, the achieved FoM is 36fJ/conv-step. The estimated die area per channel is 150µm×107µm.
Perimenopausal patients: treatment with continual escalating-dose synthetic estrogen with added progestogen. (1972)

The efficacy of 4 different escalating dosage schedules of synthetic estrogen (ethinyl estradiol or EE) for control of perimenopausal symptoms is assessed in 338 patients aged 35 to 72 during 2744 treatment cycles. Doses used ranged from 0.025 to 0.15 mg daily of EE and 10 mg daily of medroxyprogesterone acetate was added to the regimen for the terminal 7 days of each schedule (randomly selected patients taking schedule C did not receive the progestogen to allow evaluation of endometropic effects of the regimen). 57 of the patients had had hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In most patients symptomatic relief was achieved within 4 to 8 weeks of therapy and maintained during treatment period. 22% of patients taking schedule D (Profen) had mild recurrence of symptoms (sensations of warmth sweating and flushes) during therapy but episodes were self-limited disappearing within a few weeks without change in medication. Of 59 patients on Schedule A (Meno-tabs) 5 experienced slight symptomatic relief 41 had moderate relief and 13 had marked relief. Of 21 patients in Schedule B (15-AT) 4 had slight relief 13 moderate relief and 4 marked relief. Of 18 patients on Schedule C (52BA) 1 had slight relief 13 moderate relief and 4 marked relief. 87 Scheule D patients experienced marked relief--the best results observed among the 4 treatment groups. Medroxyprogesterone acetate component of the regimen induced progestational effects in most endometrial biopsies obtained from Schedule C patients and prevented hyperplastic changes in all. There were no reported serious side effects. The study suggests that the escalating dose estrogen with added MPA is an effective and safe treatment for perimenopausal symptoms.
A ZigBee indoor positioning scheme using signal-index-pair data preprocess method to enhance precision (2010)

This paper develops a ZigBee indoor positioning scheme based on the location fingerprinting approach. The proposed scheme includes four workflows: (1) creating the location fingerprint table, (2) training the locating model using neural network (NN), (3) preprocessing data through the Signal-Index-Pair method, and (4) estimating the coordinate of the mobile target instantly. Testing results show that within the error distance of 5 meters, the NN locating model with the Signal-Index-Pair data preprocess method can increase the positioning precision by 17% compared with the original NN, in terms of the cumulative error probability (CEP). It also achieves 5% CEP higher than the k (k=5) nearest neighbor method and the weighted k (k=5) nearest neighbor method. Potential applications include patient tracking in hospitals, object tracking for factory monitoring, self-navigation of autonomous robots, and visitors monitoring in military buildings, and so on.
Cascade Modeling of Pixelated Scintillator Detectors for X-Ray Imaging (2008)

We have modeled the signal and noise propagation in a pixelated scintillator detector by using the cascaded linear-systems transfer theory. The main difference from the conventional homogeneous scintillator detector is the additional X-ray quantum sampling process at the beginning stage of the cascaded model. The additional sampling stage is expressed as a multiplication of the fill factor of the pixelated scintillator both in signal and noise. The numerical simulation shows that, while the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) degrades in the low spatial-frequency band due to the X-ray quantum sampling, the DQE maintains high values in the high-frequency band, which is due to the band-limited modulation-transfer function (MTF) property of the pixelated scintillator. The pixelated scintillator design is relatively insensitive to additive electronic noise in the DQE performance compared to the conventional design. As a potential solution to overcome the reduction of DQE in the low-frequency band with the pixelated scintillator design, we propose a partially pixelated scintillator design, which utilizes the concept of pre-filtering before the sampling process of the incident X-ray quanta.
Active gate voltage control of turn-on di/dt and turn-off dv/dt in insulated gate transistors (2006)

As the characteristics of insulted gate transistors [like metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs)] have been constantly improving, their utilization in power converters operating at higher and higher frequencies has become more common. However, this, in turn, leads to fast current and voltage transitions that generate large amounts of electromagnetic interferences over wide frequency ranges. In this paper, a new active gate voltage control (AGVC) method is presented. It allows us to control the values of at turn-on and at turn-off for insulated gate power transistors, by acting directly on the input gate voltage shape. In an elementary switching cell, it enables us to strongly reduce over-current generated by the reverse recovery of the free-wheeling diode at turn-on, and oscillations of the output voltage across the transistor at turn-off. In the following sections, the AGVC in open and closed-loop for IGBT is presented, and its performance is compared with that of a more conventional method, i.e., increasing the gate resistance. Robustness of the AGVC is estimated under variations of dc-voltage supply and transistor switched current.