gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of new porphyrin metabolites in human porphyria cutanea tarda and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene by HPTLC, HPLC and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (1995)

Porphyrin metabolisms in human porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and in rats treated with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been studied in detail by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The analyses of porphyrin metabolites in the urine, faeces and liver biopsies of patients with PCT have shown that apart from uroporphyrin I and III and their expected decarboxylation intermediates and products, a complex mixture of many other porphyrins are present. The new porphyrins identified are: meso-hydroxyuroporphyrin III, beta-hydroxypropionic acid uroporphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, peroxyacetic acid uroporphyrin III, beta-hydroxyproionic acid heptacarboxylic acid porphyrin III, hydroxyacetic acid hepatocarboxylic porphyrin III and peroxyacetic acid pentacarboxylic porphyrin III.
Stress in undoped and doped laser crystallized poly-Si (2002)

Raman measurements were performed on laser crystallized poly-Si on different substrates. Observed shifts of the Si LO–TO phonon peak are caused by stress originating from the film-substrate interface. The principal cause of the stress is the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of substrate and film. Consequently, the amount of thermal stress critically depends on the choice of substrate. In the case of undoped samples on quartz, profiler and x-ray measurements confirmed the occurrence of tensile stress in the films. In the case of heavily doped samples, the change of the lattice parameter determined by x-rays is probably to a significant extend responsible for additional Raman shifts.
Constitutive activation of insulin receptor substrate 1 is a frequent event in human tumors: therapeutic implications. (2002)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a major substrate of insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and cytokine signaling and plays an important role in mediating apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell transformation. We found that IRS-1 is constitutively activated in a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancers, leiomyomas, Wilms' tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and adrenal cortical carcinomas. Blocking the constitutively activated IRS-1 signaling in breast cancer cells with a dominant-negative IRS-1, an IRS-1 with all 18 potential tyrosine-phosphorylation sites replaced by phenylalanines (F18), dramatically reduced cancer cell growth. Breast cancer cells that expressed F18 also formed smaller and far fewer colonies in soft agar culture than did the cells that did not express F18. These studies suggest that constitutive IRS-1 activation is a common phenomenon in tumors and that activated IRS-1 may present an attractive therapeutic target.
Walking control on uneven terrain with short cycle pattern generation (2007)

This paper addresses sensor feedback control methods that are used with short cycle walking pattern generation and realize walking on uneven terrains which are not modelled in advance. We have proposed an online walking control system that generates a dynamically stable motion pattern in short cycles, such as 20 [ms]. The system is capable of reflecting the actual motion status which is modified from the previously generated pattern by sensor feedback to the pattern generation of the next period so that the long-term stability of the walking is maintained using the dynamic model. Two new functions are introduced into the system in this paper. One is posture control and absolute motion estimation by using attitude measurement sensor mounted on the waist link. The other is center of pressure control for each foot which realizes the stable contact of the foot to the terrain. The proposed system is implemented on HRP-2 and verified. Finally an experiment of walking on the terrain on which plates with up to 14[mm] thickness are scattered is shown. The robot was able to walk through the terrain even when it stepped on the edge of a plate.
Unitary modulation for secrecy enhancement in multi-antenna wireless systems with only CSIT (2015)

This work proposes the use of a unitary modulation scheme to enhance physical layer secrecy in multi-antenna wireless systems. The proposed scheme takes advantage of having only channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) but not at the receiver and the eavesdropper. With CSIT, the transmitter can first take the LQ or singular value decomposition of the channel matrix and then replace its unitary component by an information-bearing unitary matrix symbol. When the SNR is sufficiently high, the legitimate receiver is able to extract the unitary matrix by exploiting the uniqueness of the matrix decomposition. But the eavesdropper is incapable of doing so due to the ambiguity caused by the unknown unitary rotation on its channel, which ensures zero information leakage to the eavesdropper when the channels are independent. A detection scheme based on the chordal distance is proposed, and the achievable secrecy rate is derived and shown to depend only on the mutual information of the main channel. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and secrecy advantages of our proposed unitary modulation scheme.
Diagnosis and detection of deficiencies of micronutrients: minerals (1999)

Determination of the presence or absence of a deficiency of one or more of the micronutrient minerals (usually described as trace elements) can be a complex problem, frequently requiring the integration of clinical, nutritional and biochemical data. Almost invariably, laboratory investigations are required and this short review describes the more common techniques applied for the various essential trace elements. Using a combination of techniques it is usually possible to determine, with confidence, whether an individual subject or small groups of subjects have a deficiency of a specific trace elements, but simple reliable tests which can be used in population studies are still lacking for several key elements. This problem appears most acute for studies of chromium, copper and zinc, deficiencies of which may have important roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of human disorders.
A Virtual Password Scheme to Protect Passwords (2008)

In this paper, we discuss how to prevent users' passwords from being stolen by adversaries. We propose a virtual password concept involving a small amount of human computing to secure users' passwords in on-line environments. We adopt user-determined randomized linear generation functions to secure users' passwords based on the fact that a server has more information than any adversary does. We analyze how the proposed scheme defends against phishing, key logger, and shoulder-surfing attacks.
High-definition 3D Anisotropic WEM-tomography (2013)

We review the challenges and trade-offs involved in coupling shot record WEM with high-definitionanisotropic tomographic inversion, and demonstrate successful application of a 3D WEM-tomography process to improve the imaging of formations partly obscured by shallow velocity anomalies and salt.
Optical carbon dioxide sensor based on fluorescent capillary array (2016)

A novel carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensor based on capillary array is presented. The capillary array is composed of 51 capillaries and modified by fluorescent dye 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS, PTS−) and tetraoctylammonium cation (TOA+) doped porous ethyl cellulose. A Y-fiber is used to transmit exciting light and fluorescence. A fiber optic pigtail-contained spectrophotometer is used to collect and deal with optical signals. Due to its structural features, each capillary has the two rolling-up layers of inner and outer sensing films, which make the 2 cm long capillary array has large sensing area about 12.81 cm2 and the fluorescence signal easily be collected. The sensing probe has advantages such as small volume, compact structure and large sensing area. The results demonstrate that the sensor has a linear response in the CO2 volume ratio range from 0 to 10%. Keywords: Carbon dioxide chemical sensor, Fluorescence sensor, Capillary array
The food additive vanillic acid controls transgene expression in mammalian cells and mice (2011)

Trigger-inducible transcription-control devices that reversibly fine-tune transgene expression in response to molecular cues have significantly advanced the rational reprogramming of mammalian cells. When designed for use in future gene- and cell-based therapies the trigger molecules have to be carefully chosen in order to provide maximum specificity, minimal side-effects and optimal pharmacokinetics in a mammalian organism. Capitalizing on control components that enable Caulobacter crescentus to metabolize vanillic acid originating from lignin degradation that occurs in its oligotrophic freshwater habitat, we have designed synthetic devices that specifically adjust transgene expression in mammalian cells when exposed to vanillic acid. Even in mice transgene expression was robust, precise and tunable in response to vanillic acid. As a licensed food additive that is regularly consumed by humans via flavoured convenience food and specific fresh vegetable and fruits, vanillic acid can be considered as a safe trigger molecule that could be used for diet-controlled transgene expression in future gene- and cell-based therapies.
Signals Of Opportunity In Mobile Radio Positioning (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Molecular communication for nanomachines using intercellular calcium signaling (2005)

Molecular communication is engineered biological communication (e.g., cell-to-cell signaling) that allows nanomachines (e.g., engineered organisms, artificial devices) to communicate through chemical signals in an aqueous environment. This paper describes the design of a molecular communication system based on intercellular calcium signaling networks. This paper also describes possible functionalities (e.g., signal switching and aggregation) that may be achieved in such networks.
Engineered hydrogen-bonded polymer multilayers: from assembly to biomedical applications (2010)

Over the last two decades the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique has become a highly versatile platform for the synthesis of nanoengineered thin films and particles. The widespread need for highly functional and responsive materials for applications in biomedicine-such as drug and gene delivery-has recently led to considerable efforts in the assembly of LbL materials, particularly films that can be subsequently stabilised and functionalised through a range of chemistries. In this tutorial review, recent developments in hydrogen-bonded LbL-assembled materials will be discussed, focusing on the design of materials with enhanced stimuli-responsive characteristics. Emphasis will be given to materials engineered for biomedical applications, specifically films/capsules that afford controlled loading and release of therapeutic cargo for application in vitro and in vivo.
Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans (2015)

We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
A Blockchain-Based Authorization System for Trustworthy Resource Monitoring and Trading in Smart Communities (2018)

Resource consumption in residential areas requires novel contributions in the field of consumer information management and collaborative mechanisms for the exchange of resources, in order to optimize the overall consumption of the community. We propose an authorization system to facilitate access to consumer information and resource trading, based on blockchain technology. Our proposal is oriented to the Smart communities, an evolution of Community Energy Management Systems, in which communities are involved in the monitoring and coordination of resource consumption. The proposed environment allows a more reliable management of monitoring and authorization functions, with secure data access and storage and delegation of controller functions among householders. We provide the definition of virtual assets for energy and water resource sharing as an auction, which encourages the optimization of global consumption and saves resources. The proposed solution is implemented and validated in application scenarios that demonstrate the suitability of the defined consensus mechanism, trustworthiness in the level of provided security for resource monitoring and delegation and reduction on resource consumption by the resource trading contribution.
<b>Ylid Intermediate in the Reaction of Triphenylphosphine with Carbon Tetrachloride</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYlid Intermediate in the Reaction of Triphenylphosphine with Carbon TetrachlorideRobert. Rabinowitz and Ruth. MarcusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 7, 1312–1313Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00866a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00866a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views856Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Einführung (1998)

Geschäftsprozeßgestaltung und Prozeßorganisation sind seit einigen Jahren ein viel diskutiertes Thema in Theorie und Praxis, das fast alle Unternehmen vor die Frage stellt, welche Auswirkungen, Chancen und Risiken es für das eigene Unternehmen hat. All diejenigen Unternehmen die sich bereits dieser Herausforderung gestellt haben, sind meist zu Beginn mit der Frage beschäftigt, inwieweit eine Toolunterstützung bei der Organisationsarbeit sinnvoll und hilfreich sein kann.
<i>Ecbalium elaterium</i>(Squirting Cucumber)—Remedy or Poison? (2000)

Exposure to the juice of Ecbalium elaterium, mainly in its undiluted form, may cause irritation of mucous membranes, supposedly of inflammatory nature. Patients exposed orally or intranasally should be closely followed for upper airway obstruction. Patients exposed ocularly should have their eyes promptly irrigated to prevent corneal and conjunctival injury.
Fluorinated sterols, hormones and pheromones: Enzyme‐targeted disruptants in insects (1986)

Abstract Substitution of fluorine for hydrogen in essential sterols, juvenile hormones, and pheromones can lead to materials that interfere with insect growth, development, or communication, in novel and potentially useful ways. Examples have been drawn from work in these areas to illustrate ( a ) fluorocitrate generation via dealkylation of 29‐fluorophytosterols; ( b ) fluoroacetate release by β‐oxidation of fatty alcohols and acids; ( c ) inhibition of juvenile hormone esterase by trifluoromethyl ketones; ( d ) inhibition of antennal esterases that hydrolyse acetate pheromones; and ( e ) sensory disruption by acyl fluorides that mimic aldehyde pheromones.
Effects of plasmalogens on systemic lipopolysaccharide‐induced glial activation and β‐amyloid accumulation in adult mice (2012)

Neuroinflammation essentially involves an activation of glial cells as the cause/effect of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasmalogens (Pls) are glycerophospholipids constituting cellular membranes and play significant roles in membrane fluidity and cellular processes like vesicular fusion and signal transduction. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 μg/kg) for 7 days resulted in the morphological changes and increase in number of Iba-1(+) microglia showing neuroinflammation in the adult mouse hippocampus. The LPS-induced activation of glial cells was significantly attenuated by i.p. pretreatment with Pls dissolved in corn oil. In addition, systemic injection of LPS induced Aβ(1-16) (+) neurons in the hippocampus were also abolished by application of Pls. Finally, contents of Pls in the hippocampus decreased after LPS injection, and the reduction was suppressed by administration of Pls. These findings suggest an antiamyloidogenic effect of Pls, implicating a possible therapeutic application of Pls against AD.
High-gradient magnetic separation for removal of sulfur from coal. Final report, March 1, 1976--January 31, 1977 (1977)

In this project a Pennsylvania coal from the Upper Freeport seam was thoroughly characterized physically, chemically, and magnetically. The powdered coal was then subjected to high gradient magnetic separations, as a function of magnetic field and fluid velocity, in both a water slurry and an air dispersion. Ash and pyritic sulfur reductions occurred with increasing magnetic field intensities and decreasing fluid velocities. The best results were obtained in water slurries where approximately fifty percent of the total sulfur and fifty percent of the ash were removed. Air dispersions produced insignificant results.
Cloning, Characterization, and Chromosomal Mapping of a Human Electroneutral Na+-driven Cl-HCO3Exchanger (2001)

The electroneutral Na(+)-driven Cl-HCO3 exchanger is a key mechanism for regulating intracellular pH (pH(i)) in neurons, glia, and other cells. Here we report the cloning, tissue distribution, chromosomal location, and functional characterization of the cDNA of such a transporter (NDCBE1) from human brain (GenBank accession number AF069512). NDCBE1, which encodes 1044 amino acids, is 34% identical to the mammalian anion exchanger (AE2); approximately 50% to the electrogenic Na/HCO3 cotransporter (NBCe1) from salamander, rat, and humans; approximately 73% to mammalian electroneutral Na/HCO3 cotransporters (NBCn1); 71% to mouse NCBE; and 47% to a Na(+)-driven anion exchanger (NDAE1) from Drosophila. Northern blot analysis of NDCBE1 shows a robust approximately 12-kilobase signal in all major regions of human brain and in testis, and weaker signals in kidney and ovary. This human gene (SLC4A8) maps to chromosome 12q13. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes and running in the forward direction, NDCBE1 is electroneutral and mediates increases in both pH(i) and [Na(+)](i) (monitored with microelectrodes) that require HCO3(-) and are blocked by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). The pH(i) increase also requires extracellular Na(+). The Na(+):HCO3(-) stoichiometry is 1:2. Forward-running NDCBE1 mediates a 36Cl efflux that requires extracellular Na(+) and HCO3(-) and is blocked by DIDS. Running in reverse, NDCBE1 requires extracellular Cl(-). Thus, NDCBE1 encodes a human, electroneutral Na(+)-driven Cl-HCO3 exchanger.
Formation of uniform size anatase nanocrystals from bis(ammonium lactato)titanium dihydroxide by thermohydrolysis (1999)

Bis(ammonium lactato)titanium dihydroxide decomposes in neutral aqueous solution at temperatures above 100 °C to produce anatase nanocrystals of preferentially oblate habitus, and with a very narrow size distribution. There is almost no dependence of size on precursor concentration, and a time dependence is observed only in the very beginning of crystal growth. The crystal size is mainly determined by the reaction temperature, increasing from ca. 2 nm at 120 °C to about 20 nm at 300 °C. We assume the temperature dependent formation of a layer of byproduct ammonium lactate at the crystallite surface where it interferes with growth reactions. After removal of this layer, continued heating yields larger crystallites in typical anatase shapes, indicating that Ostwald ripening has now become effective.
Synthesis of the Low Molecular Weight Heat Shock Proteins in Plants (1987)

Heat shock of living tissue induces the synthesis of a unique group of proteins, the heat shock proteins. In plants, the major group of heat shock proteins has a molecular mass of 15 to 25 kilodaltons. Accumulation of these proteins to stainable levels has been reported in only a few species. To examine accumulation of the low molecular weight heat shock proteins in a broader range of species, two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to resolve total protein from the following species: soybean (Glycine max L. Merr., var Wayne), pea (Pisum sativum L., var Early Alaska), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L., cv IR-36), maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke, line 23DB), and Panicum miliaceum L. When identified by both silver staining and incorporation of radiolabel, a diverse array of low molecular weight heat shock proteins was synthesized in each of these species. These proteins accumulated to significant levels after three hours of heat shock but exhibited considerable heterogeneity in isoelectric point, molecular weight, stainability, and radiolabel incorporation. Although most appeared to be synthesized only during heat shock, some were detectable at low levels in control tissue. Compared to the monocots, a higher proportion of low molecular weight heat shock proteins was detectable in control tissues from dicots.
Chemical Conversion of Human Fibroblasts into Functional Schwann Cells (2014)

Direct transdifferentiation of somatic cells is a promising approach to obtain patient-specific cells for numerous applications. However, conversion across germ-layer borders often requires ectopic gene expression with unpredictable side effects. Here, we present a gene-free approach that allows efficient conversion of human fibroblasts via a transient progenitor stage into Schwann cells, the major glial cell type of peripheral nerves. Using a multikinase inhibitor, we transdifferentiated fibroblasts into transient neural precursors that were subsequently further differentiated into Schwann cells. The resulting induced Schwann cells (iSCs) expressed numerous Schwann cell-specific proteins and displayed neurosupportive and myelination capacity in vitro. Thus, we established a strategy to obtain mature Schwann cells from human postnatal fibroblasts under chemically defined conditions without the introduction of ectopic genes.