gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charakterisierung der Mischzeit und des rheologischen Verhaltens ultrahochfester Betone unter Einbeziehung interpartikulärer Wechselwirkungen (2013)

Ultrahochfester Beton (UHPC) stellt einen innovativen Fortschritt in der modernen Betontechnologie dar. Extrem lange Mischzeiten und erschwerte Verarbeitungseigenschaften begrenzen allerdings bisher seinen praktischen Einsatz auf nur wenige Bauwerke.
In der Arbeit werden die Einflusse auf die erforderliche Mischzeit von UHPC untersucht, die masgebenden Mechanismen charakterisiert und in ein Arbeitsmodell integriert. Durch Variation der Parameter ermoglicht das Modell die Zusammensetzung ultrahochfester Betone hinsichtlich ihrer Mischzeit zu optimieren.
Zum Verstandnis der speziellen Verarbeitungseigenschaften wurden die rheologischen Eigenschaften und deren zeitliche Entwicklung ermittelt und mit den masgebenden interpartikularen Wechselwirkungen, deren wesentliche Steuergrose die Packungsdichte des Partikelgemisches und die auf den Partikeloberflachen adsorbierte Menge an Fliesmittelpolymer ist, verknupft. Durch das Verstandnis der zugrunde liegenden Wechselwirkungen lasst sich die Betonrezeptur gezielt fur die jeweilige Anwendung abstimmen.
Pharmacology, molecular identification and functional characteristics of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in human breast cancer cells. (1988)

High-performance liquid chromatography-purified 125I-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) bound to T-47D human breast cancer cells in a specific, saturable, and reversible manner. Scatchard plots were compatible with the presence of one class of VIP receptors with high affinity (Kd = 4.5 X 10(-10) M VIP, and Bmax = 293 fmol/mg protein). The neuropeptide and its natural analogues inhibited the binding of 125I-VIP and stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation in T-47D cells 96-fold (EC50 = 7 X 10(-10) M VIP), in the following order of potency: VIP greater than helodermin greater than human peptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal methionine greater than human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor greater than human secretin. In contrast, 125I-VIP binding was not displaced by pancreatic glucagon, human oxyntomodulin, truncated glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995, gastric inhibitory peptide, and a series of steroid hormones or peptides unrelated to VIP. VIP also increased cAMP generation in seven other human breast cancer cell lines: H4-66B, HSL 53, HSL 78, MCF 7, MDA-MB231, T-47D2, and ZR75-1. Adenylate cyclase activity rose from 72.2 +/- 14 to 1069 +/- 66 pmol cAMP/min mg protein after the addition of 10(-7) M VIP to T-47D plasma membranes. In agreement with our pharmacological results and the Scatchard analysis of the binding data, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized receptor in the T-47D membranes permitted identification of one autoradiographic band with a molecular weight of 69,000. The sensitivity of the Mr 69,000 binding site to GTP and low doses of VIP implies that in T-47D cells, this component constitutes the membrane domain involved in the functional regulation of adenylate cyclase by VIP receptors. Our results indicate a role for the VIP receptor-cAMP system in human breast cancer cells.
<title>High-performance diffractive optics for beam shaping</title> (1999)

For many applications such as lithography and material processing it is important to generate a specific laser irradiance profile. In this paper we discuss design, fabrication, and testing considerations for three beam shapers. These beam shapers transform a 632.8 nm Gaussian intensity profile beam into a square, circle, and ring flat top irradiance profiles. The designs were tailored to minimize the usual sensitivity to fabrication errors. Simulation and empirical results are presented showing very good uniformity in the flat top beams. Other possible beam shapes are presented as well as design performance improvements with analog profile diffractive surface relief structures made with gray scale masks. The issues and difficulties of designing and fabricating UV beam shapers are also discussed.
[Expression and synergism of two cry insecticidal protein genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens]. (2000)

Several engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens(Pf) strains were constructed mainly based on a Pseudomonas plasmid pJMS6 alpha-lac and two insecticidal crystal protein genes of Bacillus thuringiensis, cry1Ac and cry2Aa, and the host Pf strain, P303, which was with highly antifungal activity to some plant disease fungi and colonizing ability on a wide range of plants. The DNA introduction was confirmed by PCR-RFLP and Southern blot. The 132 kD insecticidal protein was detected in IPP101 and IPP202 by SDS-PAGE and rhombic insecticidal protein crystals of them were observed through electron microscope, also indicating that cry1Ac gene was highly expressed. The results of insecticidal bioassay indicated that IPP101 was more toxic than IPP201, and IPP202 was the most toxic among the 3 strains. LC50 to the neonates of cotton boll worm(Helicoverpa armigera) were 0.02604, 0.00812 and 0.00186 mL/g feed, consecutively. In IPP202, two gene products showed significant synergism, with the co-toxicity coefficient of 332.8.
New complementary logic circuits using coupled quantum wells (2005)

We present new complementary logic circuits that exploit an intrinsic bistability in nano-scale coupled quantum wells. When operated with a multiple-phase split-level clocking scheme, the device can latch a binary digit while meeting gain, tolerance, and I/O decoupling requirements at the same time, which were difficult with conventional back-to-back negative differential resistance devices. This same structure can function as a complete set of classical complementary logic circuits as well, by changing only the connections of the input signals. When these circuits are cascaded, efficient charge recycling can be achieved.
Medical transducer arrays using composite materials for acoustic matching layers (2005)

It is proposed that unidirectional carbon composite materials allow the realization of the materials under 0.1 Poisson ratio. This study is concerned with the manufacturing process of the composite materials adopted for the matching layers of medical transducer arrays and the experimental results on their physical properties. And it is explained by computer simulation and experiment that the use of the composite materials for the matching layers decreases sharply the mechanical coupling between the adjacent elements of the array.
Phosphoethanolamine Bases as Intermediates in Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis by <i>Lemna</i> (1986)

The pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the dominant methyl-containing end product formed by Lemna paucicostata, has been investigated. Methyl groups originating in methionine are rapidly utilized by intact plants to methylate phosphoethanolamine successively to the mono-, di-, and tri-methyl (i.e. phosphocholine) phosphoethanolamine derivatives. With continued labeling, radioactivity initially builds up in these compounds, then passes on, accumulating chiefly in phosphatidylcholine (34% of the total radioactivity taken up by plants labeled to isotopic equilibrium with l-[(14)CH(3)]methionine), and in lesser amounts in soluble choline (6%). Radioactivity was detected in mono- and dimethyl derivatives of free ethanolamine or phosphatidylethanolamine only in trace amounts. Pulse-chase experiments with [(14)CH(3)]choline and [(3)H] ethanolamine confirmed that phosphoethanolamine is rapidly methylated and that phosphocholine is converted to phosphatidylcholine. Initial rates indicate that methylation of phosphoethanolamine predominates over methylation of either phosphatidylethanolamine or free ethanolamine at least 99:1. Although more studies are needed, it is suggested this pathway may well turn out to account for most phosphatidylcholine synthesis in higher plants. Phosphomethylethanolamine and phosphodimethylethanolamine are present in low quantities during steady-state growth (18% and 6%, respectively, of the amount of phosphocholine). Radioactivity was not detected in CDP-choline, probably due to the low steady-state concentration of this nucleotide.
The chase family of detection algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output channels (2005)

We introduce a new family of detectors for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels called Chase detectors because of their resemblance to the well-known Chase algorithm for soft decoding of error-control codes. A Chase detector is fully specified by only three simple parameters; nevertheless, it reduces to a wide range of previously reported MIMO detectors as special cases, including the maximum-likelihood and decision-feedback detectors. Based on the Chase framework, we propose two new detectors, the B-Chase and L-Chase detectors, both of which perform well on fading channels. In fact, the L-Chase detector is shown to outperform the BLAST-ordered decision-feedback detector by 9.8 dB, while simultaneously requiring 17% fewer computations, on a 4-input 4-output Rayleigh-fading channel with uncoded 4-QAM inputs. Under the same conditions, the B-Chase detector falls only 0.2 dB short of the minimum-mean-squared-error sphere detector, while requiring 50% fewer computations.
Artificial neural networks and statistical pattern recognition improve MOSFET gas sensor array calibration (2002)

It is noted that the poor selectivity of many gas sensors is disadvantageous when individual gases are studied in gas mixtures or when odors are identified. It has been shown that pattern recognition methods are very promising when gases or odors are identified by means of gas sensor arrays. The quality of predictive models, based on partial least square (PLS), nonlinear PLS, and artificial neural networks, has been studied. The authors have chosen a six-element gas sensor array containing Pd- and Pt-gate MOSFETs operating at elevated temperatures. The experiments show that hydrogen and ammonia concentrations can be well predicted in the presence of two other interfering gases, and in a three-component mixture without ammonia, hydrogen is well predicted. Ethylene and ethanol can be predicted as the sum of their concentrations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Gas Sample Pre‐concentration Device Based on Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) (2003)

Abstract A sample pre‐concentration device, based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), was developed and tested in the analysis of volatile organic compounds. The pre‐concentrator device consists of a low dead volume quartz tube that houses the SPME fiber during the extraction/ desorption steps, a Ni:Cr heating element, and a programmable power supply. Compounds are extracted from air into the SPME fiber according to their affinity and solubility to the fiber material. Following this extraction step, samples are desorbed by a pre‐programmed temperature ramp for their subsequent detection. The SPME fiber was exposed and sample extracted for a pre‐determined amount of time (1 min, in this work). Because of the limited specificity of the stationary phase in SPME fibers towards the analyte, background interfering compounds are unavoidably co‐extracted during this process. A TPD step was then applied to sequentially desorb and detect analytes and interferences. The temperature ramp was designed so as to maximize temporal resolution between target analytes and background chemical interferences. The SPME/TPD pre‐concentrator was tested with a binary chemical system consisting of dimethyl‐methylphosphate (DMMP, a chemical warfare simulant) and toluene (a common commercial solvent). Analyte desorption was monitored on‐line with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Five SPME fibers with different stationary phases were tested: polyacrylate (PA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), carboxen–polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS), polydimethylsiloxane–divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), and carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB). Best results were obtained with the PDMS (100 µm) fiber. Two other SPME fibers, CW/DVB and CAR/PDMS, along with the TPD step, were also successful in the temporal resolution the of DMMP and toluene. The approach is rapid in that the extraction and desorption steps take less than 3 min. Implications and applications of the SPME/TPD system as a sample pre‐concentration step in handheld devices are discussed. The simplicity of the device makes it amenable to miniaturization by available microfabrication techniques.
Catalytic Reduction of NOx in Actual Diesel Engine Exhaust (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, which reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of oxygen and hydrocarbons, was applied to actual diesel engine exhaust. Copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite effectively reduced NOx by 25% in normal engine operation, and by 80% when hydrocarbons in the exhaust were increased. Water in the exhaust gas decreased the NOx reduction efficiency, but oxygen and sulfur appeared to have only a small effect. Maximum NOx reduction was observed at 400°C irrespective of hydrocarbon species, and did not decrease with space velocity up to values of 20,000 1/h.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">THE PURPOSE of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities and problems in catalytic reduction of NOx in actual diesel engine exhaust. Here, a copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite (Cu-Z) catalyst was applied to diesel engine exhaust to examine the dependency of the NOx reduction efficiency on temperature and space velocity. The effects of oxygen, water and hydrocarbons were also examined.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The reduction of NOx from diesel engine exhaust gas has become an important research topic in recent years. One of the obstacles to reducing NOx is that there is a tradeoff between NOx and particulates in diesel combustion. Although the overall level of these pollutants have been reduced through improvements in the combustion process, further reductions will be difficult to obtain because of this tradeoff effect.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, Iwamoto, et al. [<span class="xref">1</span>]-[<span class="xref">3</span>] and Held, et al. [<span class="xref">4</span>] have independently reported that copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite (Cu-Z) is able to reduce NOx in the presence of oxygen, with hydrocarbons (HC) as the reducing agent. This catalyst has been shown to have a large reduction effect on synthesized gas which was modeled after diesel exhaust. Other catalysts such as proton-exchanged zeolite [51 and alumina [61J71 have been discovered to also be effective for reduction of NOx. These are all expected to be applicable as NOx reducing catalysts for diesel engines.</div>
Sharing of nonlinear load in parallel-connected three-phase converters (2001)

In this paper, a new control method is presented which enables equal sharing of linear and nonlinear loads in three-phase power converters connected in parallel, without communication between the converters. The paper focuses on solving the problem that arises when two converters with harmonic compensation are connected in parallel. Without the new solution, they are normally not able to distinguish the harmonic currents that flow to the load and harmonic currents that circulate between the converters. Analysis and experimental results on two 90-kVA 400-Hz converters in parallel are presented. The results show that both linear and nonlinear loads can be shared equally by the proposed concept.
Smoothing 3D Meshes using Markov Random Fields (2007)

This thesis investigates the use of Markov Random Fields (MRF) for formulating priors on 3D surfaces represented as triangle meshes. The problem is addressed by focusing on mesh smoothing, which is of great interest in many applications of geometry processing, e.g., computer vision and reverse engineering. Firstly, a mesh-smoothing vertex process is developed. It is a process that combines a smoothness prior described through MRF with the simple observation model into MAP-MRF framework. An edge process for detecting features (ridges) is developed next, where the feature-detecting function allows specifying the sharpness of the ridge. Lastly, vertex process and edge process are coupled in a feature-preserving mesh-smoothing method. Smoothing is done by iterative vertex replacement, using Metropolis sampling and simulated annealing scheme. Preliminary but promising experimental results are presented, proving the feasibility and demonstrating the use of MRF on triangular meshes. Developed priors and the optimization methods are discussed, and some possible improvements suggested.
A new uncertainty measure for belief networks with applications to optimal evidential inferencing (2001)

We are concerned with the problem of measuring the uncertainty in a broad class of belief networks, as encountered in evidential reasoning applications. In our discussion, we give an explicit account of the networks concerned, and call them the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) belief networks. We examine the essence and the requirement of such an uncertainty measure based on well-defined discrete event dynamical systems concepts. Furthermore, we extend the notion of entropy for the D-S belief networks in order to obtain an improved optimal dynamical observer. The significance and generality of the proposed dynamical observer of measuring uncertainty for the D-S belief networks lie in that it can serve as a performance estimator as well as a feedback for improving both the efficiency and the quality of the D-S belief network-based evidential inferencing. We demonstrate, with Monte Carlo simulation, the implementation and the effectiveness of the proposed dynamical observer in solving the problem of evidential inferencing with optimal evidence node selection.
广告＂滚粗＂还手机一个干净！ (2013)

“欧巴gangnamstyle!”有时候当你听见信息铃声，满心期待地拿出手机，却发现只不过是恶意广告的推送，相信每个人的心里都会感到极度的厌烦吧!更可恶的是，有时候你甚至还会发现一些从来没有下载过的APP正在试图安装至手机内……。其实这些都是APP内嵌的恶意广告插件在作怪，你也别再生气大骂：‘哉去年买了个裂。，就让笔者来教你如何搞定它们!
Light-Emitting Color Barcode Nanowires Using Polymers: Nanoscale Optical Characteristics (2010)

We report on the light-emitting color barcode nanowires (LECB-NWs), which were fabricated by alternating the electrochemical polymerization of light-emitting polymers with various luminescence colors and efficiencies. The nanoscale photoluminescence characteristics of LECB-NWs were investigated using a laser confocal microscope with a high spatial resolution. The alternating light emissions of the LECB-NWs showed orange-yellow, red, and green colors due to the serial combination of poly(3-butylthiophene), poly(3-methylthiophene), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), respectively, with distinct luminescence intensities. The optical detection sensitivity and stability of LECB-NWs have been enhanced through a nanoscale Cu metal coating onto the NWs, based on surface plasmon resonance coupling and protection against oxidation. The flexibility of the LECB-NWs has been investigated through the folding and unfolding of the NWs by an applied nanotip impetus. The flexible LECB-NWs can be used as highly sensitive optical identification nanosystems for nanoscale or microscale products with complex physical shapes.
Recent advances in MEMS-VCSELs for high performance structural and functional SS-OCT imaging (2014)

Since the first demonstration of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging using widely tunable micro-electromechanical systems vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (MEMS-VCSELs) in 2011, VCSEL-based SS-OCT has advanced in both device and system performance.These advances include extension of MEMS-VCSEL center wavelength to both 1060nm and 1300nm, improved tuning range and tuning speed, new SS-OCT imaging modes, and demonstration of the first electrically pumped devices.Optically pumped devices have demonstrated continuous singlemode tuning range of 150nm at 1300nm and 122nm at 1060nm, representing a fractional tuning range of 11.5%, which is nearly a factor of 3 greater than the best reported MEMS-VCSEL tuning ranges prior to 2011.These tuning ranges have also been achieved with wavelength modulation rates of >500kHz, enabling >1 MHz axial scan rates.In addition, recent electrically pumped devices have exhibited 48.5nm continuous tuning range around 1060nm with 890kHz axial scan rate, representing a factor of two increase in tuning over previously reported electrically pumped MEMS-VCSELs in this wavelength range.New imaging modes enabled by optically pumped devices at 1060nm and 1300nm include full eye length imaging, pulsatile Doppler blood flow imaging, high-speed endoscopic imaging, and hand-held wide-field retinal imaging.
Potentiometric-model Studies of Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs (1948)

Abstract A simplification of the method of Hurst and McCarty for conductingpotentiometric model studies by the single probe method is presented along withexperimentally determined invasion patterns for certain idealized flowproblems. The analytical solution for one class of these problems is given.Finally, a general description is given of a newly developed instrument whichpermits direct mapping of flow lines and determination of transit times inpotentiometric-model studies. Introduction The object of this paper is to present:A simplification of the method of Hurst and McCarty for conductingpotentiometric-model studies of oil and gas reservoirs by the single probemethod.Results of a series of studies of certain idealized flow problems and thegeneral conclusions to be drawn therefrom.A description of a dew instrument, the Chronocartograph, which greatlyreduces the labor and time required for conducting potentiometric-modelstudies. Certain general conclusions may be drawn as results of theinvestigation of the idealized flow problems. They are:Injection and extraction areas should be separated by as great a distance asconditions permit since, in general the recovery prior to first breakthroughtends to vary as the square of this distance.Little advantage is to be gained by use of more than eight injection wellsor groups of injection wells for the case of circular productive limits.Elongated shapes if productive limits are best exploited by injection on theextended major axis only, with a line of extraction wells lying on the majoraxis.The use of peripheral injection wells for elongated shapes is permissible, if necessary, but requires extension of the lines of extraction wells. The exploitation of an oil or gas field is effected either by the expansion ofthe gas and oil, or by their displacement by another fluid. Both methods may beused simultaneously. When the displacement of the oil or gas is the controllingfactor there arises the problem of mapping the progress of the boundary betweenthe fluid in place and the displacing fluid. This problem is of particularinterest in the operation of a cycling project in a gas-condensate field, wherethe wet gas is produced from one or more wells, commonly called ?extractionwells?. This wet gas is taken into a processing plant where the condensate isremoved. The remaining "dry" gas is injected back into the field through one ormore wells, the gas for future use and also to maintain the pressure in thefield. T.P. 2262
Measurement of Cell Growth in Tissue Culture with a Phenol Reagent (Folin-Ciocalteau) (1956)

SummaryAn analytical method for the measurement of cell growth in tissue culture is described, based on the Lowry method for the determination of protein, and employing a phenol reagent (Folin-Ciocalteau) for color development. The results, referred to a bovine serum albumin standard, may be converted to dry weight, nitrogen or cell count by appropriate conversion factors. Those factors are here given for 7 human cell lines and 1 mouse line.
The Fifth International Symposium on Molecular Insect Science (2006)

The laccase