gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spreadsheet applications in chemistry using Microsoft Excel (1997)

From the Publisher:
This book illustrates how EXCEL can be used to help scientists process, analyze, and present scientific data. EXCEL provides a flexible environment that can be used to prepare spreadsheet solutions for scientific data processing problems. It demonstrates step-by-step how to program EXCEL to perform appropriate tasks, automate repetitive data processing tasks, and prepare integrated documents by transferring data and graphics. It covers problems such as how to perform linear regression and use the built-in statistical tools of EXCEL, as well as addressing advanced topics such as graphing complex equations, model building and the use of VBA and macros for user interface. Though the examples emphasize chemical applications, the information provided will prove useful to all scientists.
Rapid Chemical Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the Improved Phosphotriester Method (1985)

Abstract An efficient phosphotriester methodology based on the use of condensing agents in the presence of several new nucleophilic catalysts has been developed.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the recent antipsychotic ziprasidone in dried blood spots (DBS) and plasma (2011)

Introduction: Ziprasidone (5-[2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazin-yl]ethyl]-6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one) is the most recent atypical antipsychotic introduced onto the market. It probably has the highest selectivity of any antipsychotic agent toward \n5-HT2A receptors relative to D2 and 5-HT2C receptors. The main clinical advantage of ziprasidone with respect to other atypical antipsychotics seems to be its low incidence of metabolic side effects. However, the drug can cause severe undesired effects, mainly QTc prolongation and orthostatic hypotension. For this reason, an accurate TDM of patients is advised during ziprasidone therapy. Aim of this study is the development of an original analytical method for the determination of ziprasidone in dried blood spots (DBS) and plasma of psychotic patients, based on HPLC with spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric detection. DBS testing has the advantage of being a minimally invasive procedure; moreover, DBS can be easily stored and transported without the need for refrigeration.\nMethods: The analysis is carried out on a C8 reversed phase column, using a phosphate buffer / acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase. Ziprasidone is natively fluorescent under the chromatographic conditions used, therefore fluorimetric detection is suitable for its dosage, granting satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity to the assay. \nThe sample pre-treatment of DBS is based on a very fast and feasible solvent extraction procedure, while plasma sample cleaning is achieved by solid phase extraction.\nResults: The results obtained until now are satisfactory in terms of precision and extraction yield on both matrices.\nConclusions: Method validation is currently in progress. From preliminary assays, the method seems to be suitable for the TDM of ziprasidone in DBS and plasma.
강증산의 종교운동과 민족의식 (2007)

이 논문에서는 애국계몽기에 활동했던 강증산의 종교적 행적과 함께 민족의식 을 살펴보았다. 먼저 강증산의 종교적 생애는 `① 성장기(1~20세)`, `② 수학과 유력기(21~30 세)`, `③ 성도와 행적기(31~39세)`라는 세 시기로 구분된다. 이 중에서 증산의 민족의식은 제2기인 수학과 유력기와 깊은 관련을 맺고 성립되었다. 이 시기에 동학농민전쟁이 있었는데, 증산은 그것을 목도하면서 민족의식이 자리를 잡았던 것으로 보인다. 증산의 종교운동은 개화기에서 일제강점기로 이어지는 역사적 격변기가 만들어낸 사회적 산물이었다. 증산사상의 성립과정을 살펴보면, 당시 증산은 자신이 접했던 유불선, 동학, 기독교와 같은 기성 종교 사상을 비판적으로 통섭하고 주체화하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 증산의 행적을 기록한 대순전경 에는 증산의 민족담론이 종교적 상징과 기호로 되어 있었다. 그리고 그것에는 계몽적 선각자들이 사용했던 사실적 논설 방식이 따라갈 수 없는 절대적이고 호소력을 동반한 종교적 메시지로 포장하고 있었다. 증산의 민족의식은 사상적 측면과 문화적 측면에서 확인된다. 전자는 그의 종교사상인 세운공사에 집약되어 있는데, 장차 조선이 세운공사의 3단계를 거쳐서 후천세계의 종주국이 된다는 내용이다. 후자는 증산의 종교적 심성이나 정신이 우리 고유의 전통 문화와 맺고 있는 관련성에서 찾고 있는데, 특히 증산의 `원시반본`은 조상숭배정신과 우리 고유의 문화 정신을 지키려는 강력한 주체의식이 내재되어 있었다. 증산의 종교운동이 지닌 종교문화사적 의의는 그의 인간 해방 정신과 민중적 세계관에서 찾았다. 게다가 증산의 종교 사상은 다른 종교사상에 비해 보다 한국 고유의 전통적인 세계관에 입각하고 있었다.
Developing the Evaluation System of ITS Device's Performance (2006)

Recently, ITS has been deployed nationwide and at the same time, the demand for the better accuracy and higher quality of traffic information has been increased. Yet, there is no standard evaluation methods or evaluation equipments to verify ITS device's performance, being unable to secure reliable traffic data. In this study, the standard evaluation methods for ITS device's performance are studied by reviewing other nations' evaluation methods and the evaluation system is developed.
High-rate synthesis of Cu–BTC metal–organic frameworks (2013)

The reaction conditions for the synthesis of Cu-BTC (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) were elucidated using a continuous-flow microreactor-assisted solvothermal system to achieve crystal size and phase control. A high-rate synthesis of Cu-BTC metal-organic frameworks with a BET surface area of more than 1600 m(2) g(-1) (Langmuir surface area of more than 2000 m(2) g(-1)) and with a 97% production yield could be achieved with a total reaction time of 5 minutes.
GASSST: global alignment short sequence search tool (2010)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Editorial: Prostate Cancer (1995)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Editorial1 Sep 1995Editorial: Prostate Cancer Robert C. Flanigan Robert C. FlaniganRobert C. Flanigan View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66982-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial: Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 154(3), p. 1084 References 1 : Comparison of prostate specific antigen concentration versus prostate specific antigen density in the early detection of prostate cancer: receiver operating characteristic curves. J. Urol.1994; 152: 2031. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Directed and random biopsies of the prostate: indications based on combined results of transrectal sonography and prostate-specific antigen density determinations. AJR1994; 163: 1407. Google Scholar 3 : PSA-detected (clinical stage T1c or B0) prostate cancer. Pathologically significant tumors. Urol. Clin. N. Amer.1993; 20: 687. Google Scholar 4 : Pathologic and clinical findings to predict tumor extent of nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer. J.A.M.A.1994; 271: 368. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 5 : Detection of clinically significant prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsies. J. Urol.1992; 148: 829. Link, Google Scholar 6 : Identification of insignificant prostate cancers: analysis of preoperative parameters. Urology1994; 44: 862. Google Scholar Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center and Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Maywood, Illinois© 1995 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 154Issue 3September 1995Page: 1084 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1995 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information Robert C. Flanigan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Image zooming using directional cubic convolution interpolation (2012)

Image-zooming is a technique of producing a high-resolution image from its low-resolution counterpart. It is also called image interpolation because it is usually implemented by interpolation. Keys’ cubic convolution (CC) interpolation method has become a standard in the image interpolation field, but CC interpolates indiscriminately the missing pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction and typically incurs blurring, blocking, ringing or other artefacts. In this study, the authors propose a novel edge-directed CC interpolation scheme which can adapt to the varying edge structures of images. The authors also give an estimation method of the strong edge for a missing pixel location, which guides the interpolation for the missing pixel. The authors’ method can preserve the sharp edges and details of images with notable suppression of the artefacts that usually occur with CC interpolation. The experiment results demonstrate that the authors'method outperforms significantly CC interpolation in terms of both subjective and objective measures.
Guidelines for acute management of hyperammonemia in the Middle East region (2016)

These suggested guidelines aim to ease the challenges faced by physicians dealing with acute hyperammonemia in the region. In addition, guidelines have demonstrated useful collaboration between experts in the region, and provides information that will hopefully improve the outcomes of patients with acute hyperammonemia.
Polyacrylamide-Entrapped <i>Rhizobium</i> as an Inoculant for Legumes (1979)

Pot experiments showed that Rhizobium japonicum cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel could be used as an inoculant for soybeans and compared favorably to laboratory-made peat base inoculant containing the same bacterial strain.
A novel detection method of motor broken rotor bars based on wavelet ridge (2004)

Summary form only given. Detection of cage motor broken rotor bars has long been an important but difficult job in the detection area of motor faults. The characteristic frequency component of faulted rotor (CFCFR) is very close to the power frequency component but by far less in amplitude, which brings about great difficulty for accurate detection. A new detection method based on wavelet ridge is presented in This work. Aiming at motor starting period during which the motor accelerates progressively and CFCFR approaches the power frequency gradually in frequency spectrum, the wavelet ridge-based method is adopted to analyze this transient procedure and the CFCFR is extracted. The influence of power frequency can be effectively eliminated, and detection accuracy can be greatly improved by using the approach presented in this paper. Also, this is indeed a novel but excellent approach for the detection domain of cage induction motor broken rotor bars.
Electrokinetic delivery of permanganate into low-permeability soils (2006)

A bench-scale study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using electrokinetics as a method of delivering an oxidant into kaolin, a low-permeability soil. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was chosen as the oxidant, and in separate tests, KMnO4 was introduced at the anode, the cathode and both electrodes to investigate (1) the extent of oxidant transport via electroosmosis and electromigration and (2) to investigate the stability of the oxidant at each electrode location. Separate tests were performed under different voltage gradients to explore the effect of electric potential on oxidant transport and stability. Results indicate that (1) electromigration is not as effective as electroosmotic advection for the transport of permanganate into the soil and (2) permanganate may not be stable under the pH-redox conditions that are imposed by the application of electric potential. Additional research is being conducted to explore the stability of permanganate under electrokinetic environments and to determine whether a substantial amount of permanganate can be injected into low-permeability subsurface conditions.
Preparation of Imidazolin‐2‐iminato Molybdenum and Tungsten Benzylidyne Complexes: A New Pathway to Highly Active Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts (2010)

The reaction of [PhC[triple bond]MBr(3)(dme)] (dme=1,2-dimethoxyethane) with the hexafluoro-tert-butoxides LiX or KX [X=OC(CF(3))(2)Me] afforded the benzylidyne complexes [PhC[triple bond]MX(3)(dme)] (2a: M=W, 2b: M=Mo), which further reacted with the lithium reagent Li(Im(tBu)N), generated with MeLi from 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazolin-2-imine (Im(tBu)NH), to form the imidazolin-2-iminato complexes [PhC[triple bond]MX(2)(Im(tBu)N)] (3a: M=W, 3b: M=Mo). The propylidyne complex [EtC[triple bond]MoX(2)(NIm(tBu))] (4) was obtained by treatment of 3b with an excess of 3-hexyne. Complexes 3a and 3b are able to efficiently catalyse alkyne cross metathesis of various 3-pentynyl benzyl ethers 5 and benzoic esters 7 at room temperature, to afford 2-butyne and the corresponding diethers 6 and diesters 8. The tungsten complex 3a proved to be a superior catalyst for ring-closing alkyne metathesis, and the [10]cyclophanes 10 and 12 were synthesised in high yield from 1,3-bis(3-pentynyloxymethyl)benzene (9) and bis(3-pentynyl) phthalate (11), respectively. The molecular structures of compounds 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, and 12 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations have been carried out for catalyst systems based on the imidazolin-2-iminato tungsten and molybdenum complexes 3a and 3b by choosing the alkyne metathesis of 2-butyne as the model reaction; the studies revealed a lower activation barrier for the tungsten system.
Fast multichannel time correlator for coincidence experiments in atomic physics (1980)

Use of multichannel plate detectors has considerably extended the experimental techniques in atomic physics. In this context, a coincidence circuitry able to determine 64 simultaneous coincidence spectra is described. Use of fast electronic devices and separated amplifiers allows a high counting rate capability (5×105 events per second) with a time resolution of 3.1 ns. UV photon-scattered particle coincidence in He–He collisions is given as an example of the application of the present apparatus.
The development of anticancer agent releasing microcapsule made of ferromagnetic amorphous flakes for intratissue hyperthermia (1993)

For intratissue hyperthermia, the authors have developed a heating method using microcapsules made of ferromagnetic amorphous metal flakes that is additionally capable of releasing anticancer agents. The capsules can be used in a suspension to infuse them into a tumor. The capsules generate heat in an alternating magnetic field (185 kHz), which avoids heat generation in the body itself. At a certain intensity of the magnetic field, the maximum temperature of the capsule is determined by the Curie point of the amorphous metal. The Curie point near room temperature can be readily set in 1 degrees C increments. After reaching the maximum temperature, the capsule maintains temperature by itself within an accuracy of +or-0.5 degrees C. In animal experiments, the capsules generate sufficient heat for intratissue hyperthermia with enhanced releasing of the anticancer agent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Development of and the Prospects for Retailer‐issued Credit Cards inJapan (1994)

Japan has a large number of credit cards on issue and many of these are issued by Japanese retailers. Two such retailers, Saison and Daiei, illustrate why and by what means Japanese retailers have entered the credit card market. This provides the backdrop to an explanation of how those major retail groups are now seeking to redefine the payment system supply chain to their own advantage. Makes reference to the worldwide competition between Visa and Master Card and how in Japan retailers have been able to play one card association off against the others. Also highlights the value of the information flows from the cardholder to the retailer and vice versa and draws attention to the potential of the retailer credit card in customer retention, recruitment and relationship building.
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Chronic Disease: Challenges and Opportunities (2013)

A number of widespread and devastating chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, have a pathophysiologically important inflammatory component. In these diseases, the precise identity of the inflammatory stimulus is often unknown and, if known, is difficult to remove. Thus, there is interest in therapeutically targeting the inflammatory response. Although there has been success with anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic diseases triggered by primary inflammation dysregulation or autoimmunity, there are considerable limitations. In particular, the inflammatory response is critical for survival. As a result, redundancy, compensatory pathways, and necessity narrow the risk:benefit ratio of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, new advances in understanding inflammatory signaling and its links to resolution pathways, together with new drug development, offer promise in this area of translational biomedical research.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries (1996)

PTA may be a reasonable treatment for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis, at least in patients at high risk for carotid endarterectomy.
Potential of zero total charge of palladium modified Pt(111) electrodes in perchloric acid solutions (2001)

The electrochemical behaviour of palladium-modified Pt(111) electrodes in perchloric acid solutions has been studied by means of cyclic voltammetry and CO charge displacement. From the results of the charge displacement experiments, values of the potentials of zero total charge (pztc) have been determined and their dependence on the palladium coverage has been studied in solutions without specifically adsorbing anions. These pztc values are compared to those obtained in sulfuric acid solutions. Whilst in the presence of bisulfate anions the pztc decreases significantly as a consequence of the deposited palladium, in the case of perchloric acid solutions the pztc remains constant within experimental error. This constancy has been explained by means of a compensation between the displacement of the potential of zero free charge toward less positive potentials and the increase of hydrogen coverage on the palladium-covered electrode surfaces. The influence of the concentration of specifically adsorbed (bi)sulfate anions at constant pH has been pointed out. The oxidation of the CO adlayer resulting from the charge displacement has also been studied. Despite the apparently easier OH adsorption, the oxidation of adsorbed CO takes place at higher potentials on the modified surfaces. CO coverage values, calculated from knowledge of the pztc value and the CO stripping charge, diminish as the amount of palladium increases.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Common Strains of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

We developed a highly sensitive and specific LAMP assay for Escherichia coli. It does not require DNA extraction and can detect as few as 10 copies. It detected all 36 of 36 E. coli isolates and all 22 urine samples (out of 89 samples tested) that had E. coli. This assay is rapid, low in cost, and simple to perform.
Lightweight Word Spacing Model Based on Short Text Messages for Social Networking in Smart Homes (2014)

In smart homes, information appliances interact with residents via social network services. To capture residents' intentions, the information appliances should analyze short text messages entered typically through small mobile devices. However, most information appliances have hardware constraints such as small memory, limited battery capacity, and restricted processing power. Therefore, it is not easy to embed intelligent applications based on natural language processing (NLP) techniques, which traditionally require large memory and high-end processing power, into information appliances. To overcome this problem, lightweight NLP modules should be implemented. We propose an automatic word spacing system, the first step module of NLP for many languages with their own word spacing rules, which is designed for information appliances with limited hardware resources. The proposed system consists of a word spacing dictionary and a pattern-matching module. When a sentence is entered, the pattern-matching module inserts spaces by simply looking up the word spacing dictionary in a back-off manner. In comparative experiments with previous models, the proposed method showed low memory usage (0.79 MB) and high character-unit accuracy (0.9460) without requiring complex arithmetical computations. On the basis of these experiments, we conclude that the proposed system is suitable for information appliances with many hardware limitations.
Surface State Mediated Electron Transfer Across the N-Type SiC/Electrolyte Interface (2016)

Understanding the mechanisms of charge transfer across the semiconductor/electrolyte interface is a basic prerequisite for a variety of practical applications. In particular, electrically active surface states located in the semiconductor band gap are expected to play an important role, but direct experimental evidence of surface states has proven to be challenging, and further experimental studies are required to verify their influence on the exchange of charge carriers between semiconductor and electrolyte. Due to its wide band gap, chemical stability, and controllable surface termination, silicon carbide (SiC) provides an excellent model system for this purpose. In this report, we provide a fundamental electrochemical study of n-type 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC electrodes in aqueous electrolytes containing the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy measurements are performed over a wide range of potentials to determine the energetic positions of the SiC band edges and to investigate the electron-transfer kinetics between SiC and the ferricyanide molecules. For both polytypes, a broad distribution of surface states with energy levels close to the conduction band is found to mediate electron transfer, resulting in deviations of the observed charge transport characteristics from the predictions of well-established models. Moreover, a detailed evaluation of the impedance data allows for explicit correlation of the charge-transfer resistance associated with the ferricyanide reduction reaction with the potential-dependent distribution of surface states. In addition to the relevance of our studies for advancing the implementation of SiC in biosensing, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic applications, the presented methodology can also be adopted for fundamental electrochemical investigations of other semiconductor electrodes.
Molecular Cloning, Mapping to Human Chromosome 1 q21-q23, and Cell Binding Characteristics of Spα, a New Member of the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich (SRCR) Family of Proteins (1997)

CD5 and CD6, two type I cell surface antigens predominantly expressed by T cells and a subset of B cells, have been shown to function as accessory molecules capable of modulating T cell activation. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding Spalpha, a secreted protein that is highly homologous to CD5 and CD6. Spalpha has the same domain organization as the extracellular region of CD5 and CD6 and is composed of three SRCR (scavenger receptor cysteine rich) domains. Chromosomal mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid panel analysis indicated that the gene encoding Spalpha is located on the long arm of human chromosome 1 at q21-q23 within contig WC1.17. RNA transcripts encoding Spalpha were found in human bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, thymus, and fetal liver but not in non-lymphoid tissues. Cell binding studies with an Spalpha immunoglobulin (Spalpha-mIg) fusion protein indicated that Spalpha is capable of binding to peripheral monocytes but not to T or B cells. Spalpha-mIg was also found to bind to the monocyte precursor cell lines K-562 and weakly to THP-1 but not to U937. Spalpha-mIg also bound to the B cell line Raji and weakly to the T cell line HUT-78. These findings indicate that Spalpha, a novel secreted protein produced in lymphoid tissues, may regulate monocyte activation, function, and/or survival.
Fabrication of thin layer beta alumina (1977)

Beta alumina tubes having walls 700 microns, 300 microns, and 140 microns were processed by extrusion and sintering utilizing Ford proprietary binder and fabrication systems. Tubes prepared by this method have properties similar to tubes prepared by isostatic pressing and sintering, i.e. density greater than 98% of theoretical and a helium leak rate less than 3 x 10 to the -9th power cc/sq cm/sec. Ford ultrasonic bonding techniques were used for bonding beta alumina end caps to open ended beta -alumina tubes prior to sintering. After sintering, the bond was hermetic, and the integrity of the bonded area was comparable to the body of the tube.