gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Representation of Asphaltene GPC Fractions Derived from Kuwaiti Residual Oils (2005)

Two asphaltenes obtained from a residual oil before and after hydrotreatment were subjected to preparative GPC. Selected GPC fractions were analyzed by NMR and XRD to derive structural parameters to investigate whether there is a relationship between the molecular size of the asphaltene fraction and its structural features. Under the GPC experimental conditions (∼5 wt % THF solution), some eluting species are aggregates rather than monomeric molecules. Nevertheless, a correlation between the molecular size of the GPC fraction and its structure was found. The higher the molecular weight (MW), the more aromatic and condensed is the fraction. Moreover, the asphaltene fractions with the highest MW of both residues, before and after hydrotreating, show very similar structural features. This fact suggests that during hydrotreatment the low MW asphaltenes are converted to distillates, whereas the higher MW fractions (>6000 Da) stay unaltered and can cause severe coking in the downstream processes because of the highly refractory asphaltenes, which are still present. Structure presentations derived from NMR and XRD data demonstrate that the higher MW fractions (≈5250 Da) of both residues consist of clusters of 4−5 aromatic rings, which are interlinked by aliphatic chains of 9−11 carbon atoms.
Multi-way relation classification (2005)

We address the problem of multi-way relation classification, applied to identification of the interactions between proteins in bioscience text. A major impediment to such work is the acquisition of appropriately labeled training data; for our experiments we have identified a database that serves as a proxy for training data. We use two graphical models and a neural net for the classification of the interactions, achieving an accuracy of 64% for a 10-way distinction between relation types. We also provide evidence that the exploitation of the sentences surrounding a citation to a paper can yield higher accuracy than other sentences.
A Cyclic GMP Signalling Module That Regulates Gliding Motility in a Malaria Parasite (2009)

The ookinete is a motile stage in the malaria life cycle which forms in the mosquito blood meal from the zygote. Ookinetes use an acto-myosin motor to glide towards and penetrate the midgut wall to establish infection in the vector. The regulation of gliding motility is poorly understood. Through genetic interaction studies we here describe a signalling module that identifies guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) as an important second messenger regulating ookinete differentiation and motility. In ookinetes lacking the cyclic nucleotide degrading phosphodiesterase delta (PDEdelta), unregulated signalling through cGMP results in rounding up of the normally banana-shaped cells. This phenotype is suppressed in a double mutant additionally lacking guanylyl cyclase beta (GCbeta), showing that in ookinetes GCbeta is an important source for cGMP, and that PDEdelta is the relevant cGMP degrading enzyme. Inhibition of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase, PKG, blocks gliding, whereas enhanced signalling through cGMP restores normal gliding speed in a mutant lacking calcium dependent protein kinase 3, suggesting at least a partial overlap between calcium and cGMP dependent pathways. These data demonstrate an important function for signalling through cGMP, and most likely PKG, in dynamically regulating ookinete gliding during the transmission of malaria to the mosquito.
Synthesis of 3,1-Benzothiazines by Cyclisation of 2-Thioformylaminodiphenylacetylenes (2003)

2-Formylaminodiphenylacetylenes, obtained in excellent yield by Sonogashira coupling of (2-iodoaryl)formamides with phenylacetylene, were thionated with P4S10 in boiling THF to give 2-thioformylaminodiphenylacetylenes. These acetylenes were cyclised by DBU at ambient temperature to give (4Z)-4-benzylidene-4H-3,1-benzothiazines and small amounts of 2-phenylindoles. The structures of (4Z)-4-benzylidene-6,8-dichloro-4H-3,1-benzothiazine and 3,5-dichloro-2-thioformylaminodiphenylacetylene were established by single crystal X-ray analysis.
H.264/AVC to HEVC Video Transcoder Based on Dynamic Thresholding and Content Modeling (2013)

The new video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), was developed to succeed the current standard, H.264/AVC, as the state of the art in video compression. However, there is a lot of legacy content encoded with H.264/AVC. This paper proposes and evaluates several transcoding algorithms from the H.264/AVC to the HEVC format. In particular, a novel transcoding architecture, in which the first frames of the sequence are used to compute the parameters so that the transcoder can learn the mapping for that particular sequence, is proposed. Then, two types of mode mapping algorithms are proposed. In the first solution, a single H.264/AVC coding parameter is used to determine the outgoing HEVC partitions using dynamic thresholding. The second solution uses linear discriminant functions to map the incoming H.264/AVC coding parameters to the outgoing HEVC partitions. This paper contains experiments designed to study the impact of the number of frames used for training in the transcoder. Comparisons with existing transcoding solutions reveal that the proposed work results in lower rate-distortion loss at a competitive complexity performance.
Er-doped glass ridge-waveguide amplifiers fabricated with a collimated sputter deposition technique (1997)

We report a new fabrication process for Er-doped glass ridge waveguides. The process does not require etching of an Er-doped film in defining the lateral dimension of a waveguide, but involves a liftoff process using polyimide as a sacrificial layer. An Er-doped soda-lime silicate glass film (1.5 μm thick) was deposited at 350/spl deg/C using a collimated sputtering technique. Conventional sputtering techniques have been known to be incompatible with a liftoff process. The collimated sputtering, however, allowed us easy liftoff of Er-doped films, and produced well-defined ridges with smooth surface profiles. A 1.7-cm-long waveguide thus fabricated shows a 1.55-μm signal enhancement of 15.4 dB with a 980-nm pump power of 40 mW. This enhancement fully compensates for both Er absorption and waveguide losses, and results in a gain of 7.2 dB.
Art therapy in the time of COVID-19. (2020)

We are fighting two invisible enemies: COVID-19 and mental health challenges due to unmitigated stress and trauma as we follow directions to avoid the spread of the virus. To address the mental health challenges, art therapy is offered as a tool to support individuals during periods of isolation. Art therapy is a wonderful self-care activity that can benefit individuals throughout the life span. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Eutectic wafer bonding for 3-D integration (2010)

Successful commercialization of MEMS products extremely depends on cost factors. Especially the role of integration technologies like packaging at different levels, combining MEMS with integrated circuits, and to realize 3-dimensional packaged devices is more important than ever. Bonding technologies at wafer level are key factors for 3-d integration, realizing the mechanical bond and fulfilling certain requirements like strength, hermeticity, and reliability as well as the electrical interconnection of the different functional components. From a great variety of bonding techniques eutectic bonding has got a special importance today because both hermetically sealed packages and electrical interconnects could be performed within one bonding process. Furthermore, there are some advantages such as low processing temperature, low resulting stress, and high bonding strength. These properties are mainly investigated up today. Since the early 90-ies eutectic wafer bonding is known from very large scale integration (VLSI) and is used very often in industry. Even before that time eutectic bond processes were already used in the field of chip bonding. Within this paper the development and investigation of at least two eutectic bonding technologies will be described and characterized. Although the mechanical and micro structural properties of the bond will be shown, the realization and test of electrical interconnects is focused very clearly. With an integration of certain test structures the bonding strength, the electrical properties, and the hermeticity of eutectic bonds could be measured and evaluated. At least it will be concluded with an outlook for the feasibility of eutectic bonding in 3-d integrated smart micro systems.
β-Cell Regeneration Mediated by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to ameliorate diabetes in animal models. The mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. An unanswered question is whether BMSCs are able to differentiate into β-cells in vivo, or whether BMSCs are able to mediate recovery and/or regeneration of endogenous β-cells. Here we examined these questions by testing the ability of hBMSCs genetically modified to transiently express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) to reverse diabetes and whether these cells were differentiated into β-cells or mediated recovery through alternative mechanisms. Human BMSCs expressing VEGF and PDX1 reversed hyperglycemia in more than half of the diabetic mice and induced overall improved survival and weight maintenance in all mice. Recovery was sustained only in the mice treated with hBMSCs-VEGF. However, de novo β-cell differentiation from human cells was observed in mice in both cases, treated with either hBMSCs-VEGF or hBMSCs- PDX1, confirmed by detectable level of serum human insulin. Sustained reversion of diabetes mediated by hBMSCs-VEGF was secondary to endogenous β-cell regeneration and correlated with activation of the insulin/IGF receptor signaling pathway involved in maintaining β-cell mass and function. Our study demonstrated the possible benefit of hBMSCs for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes and gives new insight into the mechanism of β-cell recovery after injury mediated by hBMSC therapy.
CoolMOS-a new approach towards system miniaturization and energy saving (2002)

The CoolMOS Technology from Infineon is in most cell electrical parameters superior to the conventional power MOSFET. The entire and very easy variation of switching time di/dt- and dv/dt values open up a wide area in the application from extremely fast switching to the soft switching behaviour. Ruggedness aspects such as avalanche behaviour are excellent. The overall dynamic behaviour gives an outstanding MOS-controlled device.
Do-it-yourself quantum mechanics in low-dimensional structures (1992)

Following the past two decades' evolutionary path in the semiconductor research of superlatices and quantum wells, significant milestones are presented with emphasis on electric field-induced effects in the mesoscopic physics associated with technological advances.
Multi-Seam Well Completion Technology: Implications for Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane Production (2003)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits of applying multiseam [well] completion (MSC) technology to the massive stack of low-rank coals in the Powder River Basin. As part of this, the study objectives are: Estimate how much additional CBM resource would become accessible and technically recoverable--compared to the current practice of drilling one well to drain a single coal seam; Determine whether there are economic benefits associated with MSC technology utilization (assuming its widespread, successful application) and if so, quantify the gains; Briefly examine why past attempts by Powder River Basin CBM operators to use MSC technology have been relatively unsuccessful; Provide the underpinnings to a decision whether a MSC technology development and/or demonstration effort is warranted by DOE. To a great extent, this assessment builds on the previously published study (DOE, 2002), which contains many of the key references that underlie this analysis. It is available on the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy technology Laboratory, Strategic Center for Natural Gas website (www.netl.doe.gov/scng). It is suggested that readers obtain a copy of the original study to complement the current report.
Interrelationships between Prostacyclin and Thromboxane A <sub>2</sub> (1980)

Prostacyclin is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism generated by the vessel wall of all mammalian species studied including man. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and the most potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation so far described. It inhibits platelet aggregation through stimulation of adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in cyclic AMP in the platelets. The enzyme which synthesizes prostacyclin is mainly localized in the endothelial layer of the vascular wall. Prostacyclin can also be a circulating hormone constantly released by the pulmonary circulation. On the basis of these observations we proposed that platelet aggregability in vivo is controlled via a prostacyclin mechanism. In contrast to the vessel wall, in blood platelets arachidonic acid is converted by the enzyme thromboxane synthetase to a potent vasoconstrictor and proaggregating substance, thromboxane A2. Therefore arachidonic acid is metabolized in the vessel wall and the platelets to potent substances with opposing biological activities. The balance between the activities of these substances is important in the homeostatic interaction of the platelets and the vessel wall. The different ways of interfering with this balance and its impact in the development of thrombosis and atherosclerosis are discussed. The balance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin might be important in the control of the pulmonary circulation. This possibility is discussed in the light of the present evidence.
A novel method for detection of virus‐infected cells through moving optical gradient fields using adenovirus as a model system (2004)

Optophoresis provides nondestructive, label-free analysis of viral infection. Detection is independent of reporter gene expression and can be observed early in the infection process.
High-speed deformable mirror system (1982)

A phase correction device has been developed for a high-power cw 10.6-microm laser beam using a water-cooled piezoelectric actuated deformable mirror system. It is the first HEL deformable mirror designed to provide dynamic high-speed wave front correction while simultaneously providing high-frequency phase modulation at any or all of its fifty-two actuator locations. The high voltage amplifiers energizing the deformable mirror can be simultaneously driven at +/-500 V from 0 to 100 Hz and at +/-50 V from 0 to 2500 Hz about a 500-V bias level. At these drive levels, the controllable surface is capable of assuming nonplanar contours having maximum deformation of +/-20 microm, with maximum dither capabilities of +/-1 microm at each actuator site and maximum surface gradients of 12 microm/cm, The performance, major features, and design considerations of the mirror and electronics are described.
Functioning at School Age of Moderately Preterm Children Born at 32 to 36 Weeks' Gestational Age (2009)

Cognitive and emotional regulation difficulties affect functioning of moderately preterm children, as school problems, a slightly lower IQ, attention and behavioral problems are found when they are compared with term-born children. Identification and monitoring of precursors of these problems at younger age is needed in view of prevention purposes.
Encapsulated<i>Streptococcus suis</i>Inhibits Activation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Phagocytosis (2004)

Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 is an important zoonotic agent of meningitis. Previous studies reported that, in contrast to nonencapsulated mutants, encapsulated S. suis is able to resist phagocytosis. However, the mechanisms by which S. suis avoids phagocytosis are unknown. To elucidate the signaling pathway(s) involved in S. suis antiphagocytosis, we compared the ability of an encapsulated strain and its nonencapsulated mutant to induce the activation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC), which are downstream kinases of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) pathway, known to be involved in the phagocytosis processes. The results demonstrated high levels of Akt and PKCalpha phosphorylation after infection of J774 macrophages with the nonencapsulated mutant, whereas the encapsulated strain showed reduced activation of PI-3K/Akt/PKCalpha signaling pathway, as well as several protein tyrosine events. These results correlated with the number of intracellular bacteria. Macrophages pretreated with specific PI-3K or PKC inhibitors showed reduced levels of Akt and PKCalpha phosphorylation, resulting in 50% reduction of phagocytosis. The role of phosphatases in the antiphagocytic mechanisms was evaluated by using phosphatase inhibitors, as well as SHP-1-deficient macrophages. Only in the absence of SHP-1 did the phagocytosis of encapsulated S. suis significantly increase, leading to Akt phosphorylation levels similar to those observed with the nonencapsulated strain, indicating activation of this important SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase by encapsulated S. suis. Finally, when purified S. suis capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was added to macrophages, no phosphorylation events were observed. In addition, CPS and encapsulated S. suis were able to inhibit the uptake of the nonencapsulated mutant. These results suggest the importance of CPS in the mechanisms, whereby S. suis downmodulates phagocytosis.
The correlation between the uncertainty in illness and social support or quality of life in patients with uremia (2013)

Objective To investigate the correlation between the uncertainty in illness and social support or quality of life in patients with uremia.Methods 80 patients with uremia were investigated with Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale,Social Support Rating Scale and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire.Results Middle level of uncertainty in illness was revealed in patients with uremia with total score of 102.16±5.97.The total score of social support was 31.60±3.69,with low quality of life.Uncertainty in illness was negatively correlated with social support and quality of life.Conclusion Effective nursing aiming reducing the uncertainty in illness is required for the improvement of social support and quality of life.
THE USE OF SUPPORTS IN OBSCURE ABDOMINAL CONDITIONS (1921)

This article supplements our previous paper on bodily mechanics in its relation to cyclic vomiting and other obscure abdominal conditions.<sup>1</sup> In the first communication it was thought wise not to emphasize the abdominal support but to show the connection between poor bodi[ill]y mechanics, constipation, cyclic vomiting and acute abdominal pain. Emphasis was laid in that paper on the necessity of a complete medical examination, an examination of the stools and regulation of diet. Especial attention was called to the necessity of rest periods which are ordered for all these patients to prevent and relieve the great fatigue under which they are living. The use of body supports was mentioned but not described in detail because it was felt that undue emphasis would be laid upon the part that the abdominal support plays in the cure of these conditions. There is unquestionably much danger associated with the indiscriminate use of
Acoustic noise suppression using regressive adaptive filtering (2002)

Experimental field tests dealing with the background acoustic noise in cars under various driving conditions are described. Analysis reveals that there is a high correlation between the acoustic noise in the area facing the driver's seat and the noise in other locations in the car, which suggests the possibility of using the two-microphones noise cancellation approach. Results show that using a conventional finite-impulse response adaptive filter with the stochastic gradient adaptation algorithm leads to up to 12 dB of noise cancellation in the low end of the noise spectrum; some noise enhancement was noticed at the high end of the spectrum. This problem is discussed, along with a possible solution approach using proper filtering. A limitation of the two-microphones cancellation is that the optimal location of the secondary microphone varies, depending on the driving conditions. A multiple secondary microphones scheme is proposed as a solution. This scheme resulted in further reductions of the residual noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling and Managing State in Distributed Systems: The Role of OGSI and WSRF (2005)

We often encounter in distributed systems the need to model, access, and manage state. This state may be, for example, data in a purchase order, service level agreements representing resource availability, or the current load on a computer. We introduce two closely related approaches to modeling and manipulating state within a Web services (WS) framework: the Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) and WS-Resource Framework (WSRF). Both approaches define conventions on the use of the Web service definition language schema that enable the modeling and management of state. OGSI introduces the idea of a stateful Web service and defines approaches for creating, naming, and managing the lifetime of instances of services; for declaring and inspecting service state data; for asynchronous notification of service state change; for representing and managing collections of service instances; and for common handling of service invocation faults. WSRF refactors and evolves OGSI to exploit new Web services standards, specifically WS-addressing, and to respond to early implementation and application experiences. WSRF retains essentially all of the functional capabilities present in OGSI, while changing some syntax (e.g., to exploit WS-addressing) and also adopting a different terminology in its presentation. In addition, WSRF partitions OGSI functionality into five distinct composable specifications. We explain the relationship between OGSI and WSRF and the related WS-notification specifications, explain the common requirements that both address, and compare and contrast the approaches taken to the realization of those requirements.
A Reusable Interface Constructed by 3‐Aminophenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Cell Capture, Release, and Cytosensing (2010)

Abstract A newly developed electrochemical cell sensor for the determination of K562 leukemia cells using 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) films is demonstrated. The films are generated by the covalent coupling between the NH 2 groups in APBA and the COOH group in the acid‐oxidized MWCNTs. As a result of the sugar‐specific affinity interactions, the K562 leukemia cells are firmly bound to the APBA‐functionalized MWCNTs film via boronic acid groups. Compared to electropolymerized APBA films, the presence of MWCNTs not only provides abundant boronic acid domains for cell capture, their high electrical conductivity also makes the film suitable for electrochemical sensing applications. The resulting modified electrodes are tested as cell detection sensors. This work presents a promising platform for effective cell capture and constructing reusable cytosensors.