gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary arteries: retrospective cardiac gating technique to reduce cardiac motion artifact at spiral CT. (1997)

Coronary artery calcification is a marker of atherosclerosis. Detection and quantification has previously been accomplished with electron-beam computed tomography (CT). Use of spiral CT for this application has been limited by cardiac motion. The authors evaluated a retrospective cardiac-gated postprocessing technique that necessitates no modification of scanner hardware or software. At spiral CT in 26 patients, motion artifact was reduced, coronary arteries were consistently visualized, and quantification of calcification could be performed in those patients with prominent deposits. Coronary artery calcification screening can therefore be offered in sites that have access to only spiral CT.
Note (2002)

The complexation of Pb2+ by noncyclic, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic ligands in aqueous solution was studied by calorimetric titration. In the case of noncyclic polyethers the contribution of reaction enthalpy to complex stability is much smaller when compared with macrocyclic polyethers. Complex stabilities increase if oxygen donor atoms are substituted by nitrogen. A further increase in complex stability is observed for the macrobicyclic ligands (cryptands), mainly caused by a further increase in reaction enthalpies.
THE CORRELATION OF SOME AROMATIC TYPES WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION. LOCAL ANESTHETICS CONTAINING THE FURAN, THIOPHENE AND PYRROLE NUCLEI<sup>1</sup> (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CORRELATION OF SOME AROMATIC TYPES WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION. LOCAL ANESTHETICS CONTAINING THE FURAN, THIOPHENE AND PYRROLE NUCLEI1Henry Gilman and Russell M. PickensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 1, 245–254Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01678a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01678a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent progress in immobilization of late-transition-metal complexes with diimine ligands for olefin polymerization (2013)

因为他们的催化表演能被修改 ligand 结构容易调整， Late-transition-metal (LTM ) 催化剂是很灵活的乙烯聚合催化剂的一个家庭。他们的更少 oxyphilicity 特性，可以从乙烯和极的 comonomers 支持共聚物的生产，是在学术、工业的领域里吸引许多注意的另一个方面。球形的支持上的 LTM 催化剂的固定是在他们在工业过程的使用以前的关键步煤气阶段或泥浆聚合。这份报纸为石蜡聚合在支持的 LTM 催化剂考察最近的开发，并且总结在催化活动，聚合机制，和聚合物形态学在固定的无机、器官、无机器官的材料，和效果上装载 LTM 催化剂的固定的方法和机制。
Salicylic acid prevents the adherence of bacteria and yeast to silastic catheters (1993)

Abstract During the pathogenesis of catheter‐related urinary tract infection, bacteria attach to the catheter and migrate along a biofilm into the bladder. We studied the effect of coating silastic catheters with salicylic acid on bacterial and yeast adherence. An agar roll technique, bioluminescent assay, and radiolabeling study all produced consistent results. There was a dose related inhibition of adherence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans , and Enterococcus faecalis. Inhibition of over 90% was noted with Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. Similar results were obtained in broth and synthetic urine. A dose related reduction in adherence was seen with all gram‐negative rods and yeast as measured by a radiolabeling assay. TDMAC was used to bind the salicylic acid to the catheters with > 95% inhibition of the gram‐negative rods. These studies suggest the potential role of coating catheters with salicylic acid to reduce bacterial adherence and urinary tract infection. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and sequence of cDNA clones coding for a member of the family of high mobility group proteins (HMG-T) in trout and analysis of HMG-T-mRNA's in trout tissues (1985)

A specific oligonucleotide has been used to isolate a cDNA prepared from the mRNA for a trout High Mobility Group (HMG) protein closely related to trout HMG-T and bovine HMG 1 and 2 proteins. The sequence isolated more closely resembles bovine HMG-1 than the previously sequenced HMG-T protein in regions corresponding to the N terminal half of the protein. Northern blot analysis at low stringency indicated that 2 related sequences are expressed in total trout testis mRNA. Southern blots of total trout DNA indicate that several different forms of the homologous sequence are present in the trout genome and an estimate of copy number by dot-blot shows 4 HMG-T genes per trout sperm DNA equivalent. Analysis of mRNA from several trout tissues, including testis, liver and kidney indicates that expression of genes for histones and the larger HMG proteins in trout is not closely coupled.
Kinetic Control of Proline Amide Rotamers:  Total Synthesis of <i>trans,trans</i>- and <i>cis,cis</i>-Ceratospongamide (2002)

Ceratospongamide is a cyclic peptide natural product that is biosynthesized as a mixture of two proline rotamers. Remarkably, these rotamers do not detectably interconvert at temperatures up to 100 degress C. Here we report high-yielding syntheses of each rotamer and demonstrate that the threonine-derived oxazoline plays a critical role in determining the kinetic distribution of conformational isomers.
Characteristics of Ti-diffused lithium niobate optical directional couplers (1979)

The dependence of the coupling strength of titanium-diffused lithium niobate directional couplers upon fabrication parameters and guided wavelength has been investigated. Measurements of the coupling strength as a function of interguide separation have been made at He-Ne, GaAs, and Nd:YAG wavelengths. To good approximation, the coupling strength depends exponentially upon guide separation. Rather strong dependence upon the metal thickness diffused and the guided wavelength were observed. Good comparison was obtained with theoretical results calculated using an effective index method. Transfer lengths as short as 200 microm have been obtained. Fabrication parameters for which the coupling strength for the TE and TM modes are equal were determined.
Glycosaminoglycans as Probes to Monitor Differences in Fertility of Bulls (1987)

Recently high molecular weight polysaccharides termed glycosaminoglycans have been successfully used to capacitate bull sperm in vitro. Heparin, one class of glycosaminoglycan, binds to sperm in a manner typical of receptor-ligand interaction. Bulls with above average nonreturn rates produce sperm that exhibit a higher frequency of acrosome reactions when exposed to glycosaminoglycans in vitro. In addition, the binding affinity that sperm possess for heparin is related to nonreturn rates of bulls, and binding affinity decreases in semen samples with a high frequency of abnormal sperm. Glycosaminoglycans may be useful probes to evaluate in vitro cellular changes that sperm complete prior to fertilization and serve as markers of sperm membrane defects, which ultimately affect fertility of a bull.
Active Implicit Surface for Animation (1998)

This paper introduces a new model of deformable surfaces designed for animation, which we call active implicit surfaces. The underlying idea is to animate a potential field defined by discrete values stored in a grid, rather than directly animating a surface. This surface, defined as an iso-potential of the field, has the ability to follow a given object using a snake-like strategy. Surface tension and other characteristics such as constant surface area or constant volume may be added to this model. The implicit formulation allows the surface to easily experience topology changes during simulation. We present an optimized implementation: computations are restricted to a close neighborhood around the surface. Applications range from the coating of deformable materials simulated by particle systems (the surface hides the granularity of the underlying model) to the generation of metamorphosis between shapes that may not have the same topology.
Sequence Analysis of Amplified DNA Fragments Containing the Region Encoding the Putative Lipase Substrate-Binding Domain and Genotyping of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (2004)

DNA fragments were amplified by PCR from all tested strains of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. sobria with primers designed based on sequence alignment of all lipase, phospholipase C, and phospholipase A1 genes and the cytotonic enterotoxin gene, all of which have been reported to have the consensus region of the putative lipase substrate-binding domain. All strains showed lipase activity, and all amplified DNA fragments contained a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the substrate-binding domain. Thirty-five distinct nucleotide sequence patterns and 15 distinct deduced amino acid sequence patterns were found in the amplified DNA fragments from 59 A. hydrophila strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of the amplified DNA fragments from A. caviae and A. sobria strains had distinctive amino acids, suggesting a species-specific sequence in each organism. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence patterns appear to differ between clinical and environmental isolates among A. hydrophila strains. Some strains whose nucleotide sequences were identical to one another in the amplified region showed an identical DNA fingerprinting pattern by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR genotyping. These results suggest that A. hydrophila, and also A. caviae and A. sobria strains, have a gene encoding a protein with lipase activity. Homologs of the gene appear to be widely distributed in Aeromonas strains, probably associating with the evolutionary genetic difference between clinical and environmental isolates of A. hydrophila. Additionally, the distinctive nucleotide sequences of the genes could be attributed to the genotype of each strain, suggesting that their analysis may be helpful in elucidating the genetic heterogeneity of Aeromonas.
The E-rater® Automated Essay Scoring System (2015)

Automated essay scoring (AES) is a well-established technology in educational settings. 
The technology is now supported by a number of commercial vendors, and is used to 
evaluate millions of essay responses in instructional and assessment settings in Kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12), undergraduate, and graduate-level contexts. Earlier 
motivations for this technology stemmed from issues related to the time and costs associated with human scoring. Continued development on e-rater® (Attali & Burstein, 2006; 
Burstein et al., 1998) has deliberately focused on the development of a greater variety 
of features to more comprehensively address the writing construct (specifications for 
characteristics of writing being measured, or evaluated), using tangible markers in scoring rubric criteria.1 The focus of this chapter is two-fold. It includes a description of the 
e-rater automated essay scoring system and its natural language processing (NLP)-centered approach, and a discussion of the system’s applications and development efforts for 
current and future educational settings.
Self-enclosed vs. LOPOS-terminated lateral planar p/sup +/n and n/sup +/p junctions in 3C-SiC/Si (2002)

Lateral p/sup +/n and n/sup +/p diodes in 3C-SiC/Si, with different isolation terminations, have been compared at both room and elevated temperatures, up to 250/spl deg/C. The ion-implanted, planar diodes have been demonstrated with leakage currents as low as 2.65/spl times/10/sup -6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at room temperature, the lowest known for 3C-SiC. The forward drop for N-implanted junctions is found to be tightly distributed at 1.6-1.7 V, and that for Al-implanted diodes around 1.7-1.9 V. The ideality factor for the diodes is found to lie between 1.8 and 2.5. The N-implanted diodes show better reverse leakage characteristics than the Al-implanted junctions, with almost an order of magnitude lower leakage current. Two different termination schemes, self-enclosed vs. LOPOS-terminated, have been compared for the two diodes. Specific contact resistivity, as low as 1/spl times/10/sup -7/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ is obtained for ohmic contacts to the implanted regions.
Detecting and localizing the foci in human epileptic seizures (2007)

We consider the electrical signals recorded from a subdural array of electrodes placed on the pial surface of the brain for chronic evaluation of epileptic patients before surgical resection. A simple and computationally fast method to analyze the interictal phase synchrony between such electrodes is introduced and developed with the aim of detecting and localizing the foci of the epileptic seizures. We evaluate the method by comparing the results of surgery to the localization predicted here. We find an indication of good correspondence between the success or failure in the surgery and the agreement between our identification and the regions actually operated on.
A ghrelin–growth hormone axis drives stress-induced vulnerability to enhanced fear (2013)

Hormones in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis mediate many of the bodily responses to stressors, yet there is no clear relationship between the levels of these hormones and stress-associated mental illnesses such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, other hormones are likely to be involved in this effect of stress. Here we used a rodent model of PTSD in which rats repeatedly exposed to a stressor display heightened fear learning following auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning. Our results show that stress-related increases in circulating ghrelin, a peptide hormone, are necessary and sufficient for stress-associated vulnerability to exacerbated fear learning and these actions of ghrelin occur in the amygdala. Importantly, these actions are also independent of the classic HPA stress axis. Repeated systemic administration of a ghrelin receptor agonist enhanced fear memory but did not increase either corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticosterone. Repeated intraamygdala infusion of a ghrelin receptor agonist produced a similar enhancement of fear memory. Ghrelin receptor antagonism during repeated stress abolished stress-related enhancement of fear memory without blunting stress-induced corticosterone release. We also examined links between ghrelin and growth hormone (GH), a major downstream effector of the ghrelin receptor. GH protein was upregulated in the amygdala following chronic stress, and its release from amygdala neurons was enhanced by ghrelin receptor stimulation. Virus-mediated overexpression of GH in the amygdala was also sufficient to increase fear. Finally, virus-mediated overexpression of a GH receptor antagonist was sufficient to block the fear-enhancing effects of repeated ghrelin receptor stimulation. Thus, ghrelin requires GH in the amygdala to exert fear-enhancing effects. These results suggest that ghrelin mediates a novel branch of the stress response and highlight a previously unrecognized role for ghrelin and growth hormone in maladaptive changes following prolonged stress.
Sensitivity Analysis on Indium Phosphide Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski Growth (1999)

The optimization of the InP liquid encapsulated Czochralski systems is usually difficult, time consuming and very expensive. Here, the relative importance of the different growth parameters (e.g., pull rate, system temperatures and geometry) on the growth interface deflection, the temperature gradients within the melt and the crystal and the dislocation density has been investigated through a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity coefficients have been calculated by means of a mathematical model, previously validated, based on the thermoelastic theory for the dislocation formation and on the thermal capillary theory for the temperature field within the system. The crucible temperature profile has been selected as the more important parameter to control the crystal quality during the growth.
Preclinical evaluation of antiviral activity and toxicity of Abbott A77003, an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (1993)

A synthetic, symmetry-based inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease, A77003, was evaluated for antiviral activity and cytotoxicity in vitro in human peripheral blood lymphocytes or cell lines H9, CEM, and U937. Toxicity and antiviral activity of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor were compared with those of the reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine and human recombinant alpha and beta interferons. Production of infectious virus particles, cell-free p24 antigen, and cell-associated viral proteins was reduced 50% by the HIV-1 protease inhibitor at concentrations of 0.12 to 0.26 microM (50% effective concentration [EC50]) in acute infection and 0.2 to 1.7 microM (EC50) in persistent infection. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of U937 cells persistently infected with HIVIIIB using a monoclonal antibody to HIV also showed a reduction of cell-associated viral protein in A77003-treated cells. Furthermore, toxicity of A77003 assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was not observed at greater than 100 times the EC50. A77003 was more effective in persistent HIV-1 infection than alpha and beta interferons (1,000 U/ml), while zidovudine and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine were not active.
Heterocyclic systems with a bridgehead nitrogen. II. 6-Chloroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and some of its 5-substituted derivatives (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic systems with a bridgehead nitrogen. II. 6-Chloroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and some of its 5-substituted derivativesJohn P. Paolini and Louis J. LendvayCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 6, 1031–1034Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00306a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00306a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of bleomycin N-acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli and Streptomyces verticillus (2006)

Bleomycin-producing Streptomyces verticillus ATCC 15003 has two bleomycin resistance genes, designated blmA and blmB. Bleomycin N-acetyltransferase, encoded by blmB, was overproduced in Escherichia coli as a protein fused to the maltose-binding protein. The protein (fBAT), purified to homogeneity after digestion of the fusion product with blood coagulation factor Xa protease, had an additional 6 N-terminal amino acid residues, but retained its bleomycin-acetylating activity, as did the entire fusion protein. The K(m) and Vmax values of purified fBAT for the substrate bleomycin were 13.0 microM and 3.4 nmol [corrected] min-1 ml-1, respectively. The optimal pH for the acetylating activity was 6.0 in 10 mM phosphate buffer. The molecular mass and pI value of fBAT were estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be about 34500 and 6.13, respectively. An anti-fBAT monoclonal antibody was generated and used to show that bleomycin N-acetyltransferase is expressed simultaneously with bleomycin production in S. verticillus.
Development of a Triplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin Genes in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes is an emerging pathogen. A novel real-time PCR assay for identification of MRSA isolates containing PVL was developed. The PVL assay was used in a triplex format allowing simultaneous amplification of mecA, nuc, and PVL genes in 614 clinical isolates. This assay facilitates the rapid identification of PVL-positive isolates of MRSA.
Bioactive polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cement: Comparison of glass beads, apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic, and hydroxyapatite fillers on mechanical and biological properties (2000)

A new bioactive bone cement (designated GBC) consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as an organic matrix and bioactive glass beads as an inorganic filler has been developed. The bioactive beads, consisting of MgO-CaO-SiO(2)-P(2)O(5)-CaF(2) glass, have been newly designed, and a novel PMMA powder was selected. The purpose of the present study was to compare this new bone cement GBC's mechanical properties in vitro and its osteoconductivity in vivo with cements consisting of the same matrix as GBC and either apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass-ceramic (AW-GC) powder (designated AWC) or sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) powder (HAC). Each filler added to the cements amounted to 70 wt %. The bending strength of GBC was significantly higher than that of AWC and HAC (p < 0.0001). Cements were packed into intramedullar canals of rat tibiae in order to evaluate osteoconductivity as determined by an affinity index. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation. An affinity index, which equaled the length of bone in direct contact with the cement expressed as a percentage of the total length of the cement surface, was calculated for each cement. At each time interval studied, GBC showed a significantly higher affinity index than AWC or HAC up to 8 weeks after implantation (p < 0.03). The value for GBC increased significantly with time up to 8 weeks (p < 0.006). The handling property of GBC was comparable with that of PMMA bone cement. Our study revealed that the higher osteoconductivity of GBC was due to the higher bioactivity of the bioactive glass beads at the cement surface and the lower solubility of the new PMMA powder to MMA monomer. In addition, it was found that the smaller spherical shape and glassy phase of the glass beads gave GBC strong enough mechanical properties to be useful under weight-bearing conditions. GBC shows promise as an alternative with improved properties to the conventionally used PMMA bone cement.