gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and activity of the photodynamic pigment hypericin (1985)

Abstract. Hypericin, a photodynamic pigment, occurring in members of the Hypericaceae, can induce photosensitivity in grazing animals. The pigment has been isolated from the glandular trichomes located on the calyx of Hypericum hirsulum. Hypericin is shown to be capable of sensitizing the photo‐oxidation of methyl linolenate. This activity is reduced in the presence of crocin, a carotenoid. Evidence for the generation of singlet molecular oxygen by hypericin is provided by the monitoring of oxygen consumption during the photosensitized oxidation of imidazole. Rates of oxygen consumption were modified by deuterium oxide and sodium azide. The photodynamic action of hypericin on pea leaf discs results in the promotion of photo‐oxidative damage, measured by pigment loss and ethane production. These results are discussed in relation to the possible function of hypericin within the plant and the role of photo‐dynamic reactions in nature.
Nanosheet Formation in Hyperswollen Lyotropic Lamellar Phases (2016)

Nanosheets (∼1 nm) are formed using a nonionic hyperswollen lyotropic lamellar phase as a template. The accumulation and reaction of ingredients in the highly separated (several hundred nm) bilayers in the hyperswollen lyotropic lamellar phase should result in very thin nanosheets. This method could be applied to the synthesis of a wide variety of two-dimensional organic and inorganic materials.
Synthesis of lipase-catalysed silicone-polyesters and silicone-polyamides at elevated temperatures (2013)

More and more enzymes are being explored as alternatives to conventional catalysts in chemical reactions. To utilize these biocatalysts to their fullest, it is incumbent on researchers to gain a complete understanding of the reaction conditions that particular enzymes will tolerate. To this end siloxane-containing polyesters and polyamides have been produced via N435-mediated catalysis at temperatures well above the normal denaturation temperature for free CalB. Low molecular weight disiloxane-based acceptors release the enzyme from its acylated state with equal proficiency while longer chain siloxanes favours polyester synthesis. The thermal tolerance of the enzyme catalyst is increased using longer chain diesters and generally more hydrophobic substrates.
Safety Stock versus Safety Time in MRP Controlled Production Systems (1994)

The two management set parameters which determine the performance of a material requirements planning (MRP) system are the lead time and the safety stock. The appropriate values of these parameters are influenced by the accuracy of forecasts over the lead time, the variability of processing time and the degree of congestion, together with the costs of inventory and shortages. These influences are explored using stochastic models of a single stage manufacturing system for which work release is controlled using MRP. The major conclusion is that safety time is usually only preferable to safety stock when it is possible to make accurate forecasts of future required shipments over the lead time, otherwise safety stock is more robust in coping with changes in customer requirements in the lead time or with fluctuations in forecasts of lead time demand.
Lck protein tyrosine kinase is a key regulator of T‐cell activation and a target for signal intervention by <i>Herpesvirus saimiri</i> and other viral gene products (2000)

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are critically involved in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, differentiation, activation, and transformation. It is not surprising, therefore, that viruses acquire effector molecules targeting these kinases to ensure their own replication and/or persistence. This review summarizes our current knowledge on Lck, a member of the Src family of PTK, and its viral interaction partners. Lck plays a key role in T lymphocyte activation and differentiation. It is associated with a variety of cell surface receptors and is critical for signal transduction from the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). Consequently, Lck is targeted by regulatory proteins of T-lymphotropic viruses, especially by the Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) tyrosine kinase interacting protein (Tip). This oncoprotein physically interacts with Lck in HVS transformed T cells and has an impact on its catalytic activity. However, while Tip inhibits Lck activity in stably expressing cell lines, opposite effects were observed in several in vitro systems. At least in part, this complex situation may be related to the bipartite nature of the interaction surface of the two proteins. Studies on the interrelationships between Lck and its viral partners contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of T-cell growth regulation, in general, and of viral pathogenicity in particular. In addition, understanding the regulation of Lck activity by viral proteins may serve as a basis for the development of new drugs capable of modifying Lck activity in different pathological situations.
Striatal L‐DOPA Decarboxylase Activity in Parkinson's Disease In Vivo: Implications for the Regulation of Dopamine Synthesis (1993)

L-DOPA is a large neutral amino acid subject to transport out of, as well as into, brain tissue. Competition between dopamine synthesis and L-DOPA egress from striatum must favor L-DOPA egress if decarboxylation declines relatively more than transport in Parkinson's disease. To test this hypothesis, we injected patients with Parkinson's disease with a radiolabeled analogue of L-DOPA and recorded regional brain radioactivity as a function of time by means of positron emission tomography. We simultaneously estimated the activity of the decarboxylating enzyme and the amino acid transport. In the striatum of patients, we found the L-DOPA decarboxylase activity to be reduced in the head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen. However, the rate of egress of the DOPA analogue was unaffected by the disease and thus inhibited dopamine synthesis more than predicted in the absence of L-DOPA egress.
Comparison of Fluoxetine, Bupropion, and Placebo in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (1997)

Serotonergic antidepressants have been shown to be effective treatments for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The efficacy of nonserotonergic antidepressants is less well studied. This study was a two-center, parallel design, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of fluoxetine, bupropion, and placebo in women with PMDD. Thirty-four women with PMDD completed 1 month of single-blind placebo and 2 months of fluoxetine 20 mg/day (N = 10), bupropion 100 mg three times daily (N = 12), or placebo (N = 12). Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale, an expanded form of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Global Assessment Scale (GAS) ratings were obtained premenstrually in each of the three treatment cycles. The three treatment groups differed significantly in efficacy by CGI ratings. Fluoxetine was superior to both bupropion and placebo. Comparison of posttreatment to pretreatment HAM and GAS scores demonstrated significant superior efficacy of fluoxetine compared with placebo. Posttreatment HAM and GAS scores for bupropion were intermediate between but not significantly different from fluoxetine or placebo. In summary, fluoxetine was significantly superior to bupropion and placebo as an effective treatment for PMDD. Although some improvement with bupropion was noted, and both medications were well tolerated, patient satisfaction was far greater with fluoxetine.
Development of a New Integration Site within the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Chromosome and Construction of Compatible Expression Cassettes (2001)

The Bacillus subtilis lacA gene, coding for beta-galactosidase, has been explored as a new site able to accept DNA sequences from nonreplicating delivery vectors. Two such delivery expression vectors have been constructed and shown to be useful in obtaining regulated expression from the chromosomal location. In another experiment, it was shown that the integration of a regulatory gene at the lacA locus was able to control the expression of a transcriptional fusion at the amyE locus. These experiments demonstrate that both integration sites can be used simultaneously to obtain regulated expression of desired genes.
An efficient statistical multiplexing scheme for ATM real-time multimedia services (2001)

For VoD (video on demand) and the multimedia services in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks, guaranteeing QoS (quality of service) for real-time traffic is emerging as an important issue. We present a novel multiplexing scheme to reduce the CDV (cell delay variation) and jitter in ATM multimedia traffic. We propose a two-stage statistical multiplexing scheme using a FIRO (first in random out) window and a state queue. The simulation results show that the CDV is significantly reduced due to reduced clumping and dispersing among VCs (virtual channels) in VPs (virtual paths).
Virtualized Environments for the Harness High Performance Computing Workbench (2008)

This paper describes recent accomplishments in providing a virtualized environment concept and prototype for scientific application development and deployment as part of the Harness High Performance Computing (HPC) Workbench research effort. The presented work focuses on tools and mechanisms that simplify scientific application development and deployment tasks, such that only minimal adaptation is needed when moving from one HPC system to another or after HPC system upgrades. The overall technical approach focuses on the concept of adapting the HPC system environment to the actual needs of individual scientific applications instead of the traditional scheme of adapting scientific applications to individual HPC system environment properties. The presented prototype implementation is based on the mature and lightweight chroot virtualization approach for Unix-type systems with a focus on virtualized file system structure and virtualized shell environment variables utilizing virtualized environment configuration descriptions in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format. The presented work can be easily extended to other virtualization technologies, such as system-level virtualization solutions using hypervisors.
TGF-β: Titan of Lung Fibrogenesis. (2010)

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by epithelial cell injury, accumulation of myofibroblasts, and excessive deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix elements, leading to loss of pulmonary function. Studies in both humans and animal models strongly suggest that TGF-β1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. This review will first give an overview of TGF-β signaling and the effects of its inhibition on lung fibrogenesis. This overview includes information on TGF-β signal transduction pathways, the importance of TGF-β in the accumulation of myofibroblasts, the role of TGF-β in epithelial injury and apoptosis, the role of TGF-β in extracellular matrix remodeling, and the effects of inhibiting TGF-β signaling in animal models of lung fibrosis. Subsequently this review will highlight recent advances in two areas of particular interest to our research group: (1) TGF-β and proteoglycans; (2) TGF-β and histone deacetylases. Although our understanding of the role of TGF-β and its mechanisms of action in lung fibrogenesis has increased dramatically in recent years, there is still much to be learned about this important molecule, especially how TGF-β function is modulated <i>in vivo</i>, and its complex interactions with other factors expressed during lung injury and repair. Research in these areas will help identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis that will hopefully improve the prognosis of this devastating illness.
Improvement of Metal–Oxide Semiconductor Interface Characteristics in Complementary Metal–Oxide Semiconductor on Si(111) by Combination of Fluorine Implantation and Long-Time Hydrogen Annealing (2006)

In this paper, a method of improving the characteristics of complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) on Si(111) wafers is presented. The combination of fluorine (F) implantation and long-time hydrogen annealing was applied to (111)CMOS devices for the first time. The interface state density in a (111)MOS device was dramatically reduced to 8% (2.74 ×1010 cm-2·eV-1) of the original value (3.40 ×1011 cm-2 ·eV-1). As a result, field-effect mobility was increased by about 70% and the 1/f noise level was halved as compared with (111)CMOS devices without the improvement method. The performance of improved (111)CMOS devices was comparable to that of (100)CMOS devices fabricated in the same batch process. The improvement effect of this method is much better than that of our previous method which included only long-time H2 annealing.
Using Traditional Keyboards in VR: SteamVR Developer Kit and Pilot Game User Study (2018)

Following the commercial release of VR systems like HTC Vive and Oculus Rift to mainstream consumers, academic publications have explored the challenges of text entry in virtual reality. This paper describes a commercial developer kit that enables text entry using a traditional physical keyboard for HTC Vive. The paper gives a high-level system overview and presents the results of a pilot study exploring initial use of the devkit for typing in VR, focused on how users learn to adapt to this new VR text entry experience. The pilot study explored the use of a VR mini-game with the goal of helping users get familiar with VR typing.
Electronic structure and phase stability of LiZnAs: A half ionic and half covalent tetrahedral semiconductor (1986)

The first electronic structure calculation of the ordered \ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\beta}, and \ensuremath{\gamma} cubic phases of an ``interstitially filled tetrahedral compound'' ${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{B}}^{\mathrm{II}{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{V}}}}$ (where the ${\mathrm{B}}^{\mathrm{II}}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{V}}$ atoms occupy the normal zincblende sites and ${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{I}}$ occupies one of the empty zincblende tetrahedral interstitial sites) reveals strongly covalent (${\mathrm{B}}^{\mathrm{II}\mathit{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{V}}}$) and strongly ionic (${\mathrm{A}}^{\mathrm{I}\mathit{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{V}}}$) bonds in the same structure, uperior cohesion relative to the III-V analog (GaAs), and semiconducting (\ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\beta} forms) as well as metallic (\ensuremath{\gamma}-form) behavior.
Use of the Pill Electrode for Transesophageal Atrial Pacing (1985)

The pill electrode, which was developed for esophageal electrocardiography, has found application in transesophageal atrial pacing during procedures such as conversion of tachycardia, electrophysiologic measurement, and acceleration of heart rate to produce stress during cardiac imaging studies. This paper presents theoretical studies that examine the relationship of interelectrode distance, current level, and pulse duration to the achievement of successful capture. Theoretical results agree with our clinical findings, i.e., current levels of 25 mA are effective to sustain capture; increased pulse duration reduces current requirements; and close bipolar spacing combines efficacy with safety. Results of animal studies performed to assess the extent of esophageal burn injury reveal that current levels in excess of 75 mA are required to produce lesions in short-term (under 30 minutes) pacing, and greater than 60 mA in long-term (4 hours) pacing. These results are based on experiments using a pulse duration of 2 ms, and the current levels that produce injury will be considerably lower if longer pulse durations are used. Typical current levels and pulse durations for successful capture are presented for 46 subjects in several new clinical applications. Termination of tachycardia, basic electrophysiologic measurements, and controlled acceleration of heart rate can be performed noninvasively with this technique.
Sulforaphane, a Natural Isothiocyanate Compound, Improves Cardiac Function and Remodeling by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Heart Failure (2018)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), a natural isothiocyanate compound, in a rabbit ascending aortic cerclage model of chronic heart failure (CHF). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into the sham operation group (n=10), the CHF group (n=10), and the CHF + SFN group (n=10) treated with subcutaneous SFN (0.5 mg/kg) for five days per week for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, echocardiography and biometric analysis were performed, followed by the examination of the rabbit hearts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used to detect levels of inflammatory cytokines, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS In the CHF group, compared with the sham operation group, there was an increase in the heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), the left ventricular weight to body weight ratio (LVW/BW), the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), the left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, the cardiac collagen volume fraction (CVF), apoptotic index, expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardial tissue, and a decrease in the left ventricular shortening fraction (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These changes were corrected in the SFN-treated group. CONCLUSIONS In a rabbit model of CHF, treatment with SFN improved cardiac function and remodeling by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Strain field measurements on mouse carotid arteries using microscopic three‐dimensional digital image correlation (2007)

A stereomicroscope system is adapted to make accurate, quantitative displacement, and strain field measurements with microscale spatial resolution and nanoscale displacement resolution on mouse carotid arteries. To perform accurate and reliable calibration for these systems, a two-step calibration process is proposed and demonstrated using a modification to recently published procedures. Experimental results demonstrate that the microscope system with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) successfully measures the full 3D displacement and surface strain fields at the microscale during pressure cycling of 0.40-mm-diameter mouse arteries, confirming that the technique can be used to quantify changes in local biomechanical response which may result from variations in extracellular matrix composition, with the goal of quantifying properties of the vessel.
Transmission of <i>Theileria annulata</i> (Dschunkowsky & Luhs, 1904) by <i>Hyalomma excavatum</i> (Koch, 1844) (1983)

SUMMARY Theileria annulata was transmitted transtadially by an Israeli strain of Hyalomma excavatum from larvae to nymphs and from nymphs to adults. However, the adults developing from larvae which engorged on infected calves and fed during the nymphal stage on non-infected calves, rabbits or gerbils ( Meriones tristrami ), did not transmit theileriosis. Suspensions of infected unfed nymphs or adults did not produce theileriosis but both nymphs and adults of the same batch became infective to cattle after 2 days of feeding. Suspensions of salivary glands or of whole ticks derived from infected adults that remained attached to rabbits for more than 7 days, were not infective to cattle.
Rhodobacter capsulatus puc operon: promoter location, transcript sizes and effects of deletions on photosynthetic growth (1993)

Gene deletions of the puc operon of Rhodobacter capsulatus showed that the pucC and pucE genes, but not pucD, were required for formation of wild-type levels of the LHII complex. Deletion of pucC or pucE also impaired photosynthetic growth. The effects of pucC deletion were suppressed by secondary mutations that mapped outside the puc operon. Fusion of a lac'Z gene to pucE' showed that most of pucE transcription originated from upstream of pucB. RNA blot analysis revealed a 2.4 kb transcript that hybridized to probes specific for the pucBA, pucC and pucDE regions, indicating that some puc operon messages extend from just before the pucB gene to just after the pucE gene.
The Graphical User Interface: Crisis, Danger, and Opportunity (1990)

The graphical user interface is a powerful new interface for mainstream computer users and a source of serious concern for those who cannot see. Fortunately, it will eventually be made as accessible to blind people as character-based forerunners. The systems that evolve will provide blind computer users with new capabilities not possible with character-based computers and access systems. However, the effects of previous inaccessibility, the current limited accessibility, and lingering doubts about the solvability of some of the access problems have slowed efforts to capitalize on the advantages and opportunities of these new systems. This article identifies potential new problems posed by graphic computing environments and describes some programs and strategies that are being developed to provide access to these environments.
Therapeutic efficacy of a novel transdermal delivery system for (+)-PHNO in parkinsonian squirrel monkeys. (1989)

undoubtedly explain a long term effect over receptor sites (which may be dopaminergic or calcium receptors) and/or over the systems of neurotransmitters release such as calcium-calmodulin complex.'1 -1 All these features are useful to: (a) take into account that the use of cinarizine or flunarizine in association with other dopaminergic or calcium blocking agents is hazardous. (b) point out that these drugs should not be employed in patients with a history of depression or extrapyramidal disorder. (c) know that the high doses of cinarizine or fIunarizine are not more effective. (d) avoid the misdiagnosis of these side reactions or even confuse them with other nosologic entities, thus leading to wrong treatment.
The Relationship Between the Bulk Modulus of Elasticity of a Complex Tissue and the Mean Modulus of its Cells (1981)

A relationship has been derived mathematically between the bulk modulus of elasticity of a leaf, E, measured by the pressure bomb technique, and the individual cellular bulk moduli, e, of the leaf tissue as measured by the pressure probe technique. A number of examples have been worked out that shows that E underestimates the mean value of e by less than 10 per cent in most circumstances. Within 2 per cent, E equals the ‘mean’ value of e weighted according to the water content change of each cell expressed as a fraction of the water content change of the whole leaf when the water potential. ψ, changes by a small amount. An analysis of the sources of error involved in the evaluation of E by the pressure bomb technique reveals that E can be calculated within an error of 10 per cent from values of ψ and water loss, We; this error is about the same as the error in e measured on individual cells by the pressure probe technique.