gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle for delivery of antisense γPNA oligomers targeting CCR5 (2013)

The development of a new class of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), i.e., gamma PNAs (γPNAs), creates the need for a general and effective method for its delivery into cells for regulating gene expression in mammalian cells. Here we report the antisense activity of a recently developed hydrophilic and biocompatible diethylene glycol (miniPEG)-based gamma peptide nucleic acid called MPγPNAs via its delivery by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based nanoparticle system. We show that MPγPNA oligomers designed to bind to the selective region of chemokine receptor 5 (CC R5) transcript, induce potent and sequence-specific antisense effects as compared with regular PNA oligomers. In addition, PLGA nanoparticle delivery of MPγPNAs is not toxic to the cells. The findings reported in this study provide a combination of γPNA technology and PLGA-based nanoparticle delivery method for regulating gene expression in live cells via the antisense mechanism.
Theory and Applications of Correspondences (2013)

Throughout this paper, we will examine correspondences, also known as set-valued functions. A definition of correspondences and their graphs are given. Properties of correspondences including continuity, optimization, and existence of fixed points are considered. Examples are considered demonstrating these properties. Applications in the field of Economics are introduced. Specifically the optimization of consumer utility is examined through examples.
A General-Purpose Conjugated-Polymer Device Array for Imaging (1998)

Optical and chemical “cameras” are possible using the general purpose device array geometry presented. The device consists of an array of bridge pixels covered by a conjugated polymer layer suitable for sensing of optical or chemical stimuli. In this geometry the polymer is directly exposed to the environment, which allows the array to be used not only to read optical images but also to detect the distribution of chemical species or even to drive an optical display. Microfabricated arrays are demonstrated, and it is shown that these bridge arrays can perform as well as standard photodiode sandwich arrays.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes for Rapid Detection of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>avium</i> and <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> in Potable-Water Biofilms (2006)

Here, we present for the first time a high-affinity peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligonucleotide sequence for detecting Mycobacterium avium bacteria, including the opportunistically pathogenic subspecies M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and M. avium subsp. silvaticum, by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. There is evidence that M. avium subsp. avium especially is able to survive and grow in drinking-water biofilms and possibly transmit via drinking water. The designed PNA probe (MAV148) specificity was tested with several bacterial species, including other mycobacteria and mycolic acid-containing bacteria. From the range of bacterial strains tested, only M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains were hybridized. The PNA FISH method was applied successfully to detect M. avium subsp. avium spiked in water samples and biofilm established within a Propella biofilm reactor fed with potable water from a distribution supply.
Discrepancies in serological tissue typing revealed by DNA techniques (1988)

Abstract. DNA techniques were applied to typing a population of renal patients in order to assess the number of discrepancies between this technique and the serological technique. Five patients had been given an incorrect type by serology, and in 22 instances allogenotypes were found where previously there had been a serological blank. DNA typing was also able to determine allogenotypic subtypes that correlated with DR antigens difficult to split by serology and to determine allogenotypic subtypes correlating with DR antigens not known to have a split by serology. Whereas DNA typing provided a result first time of testing on all but 3 patients, the average number of serological testings for each patient was 1.9.
Coherent frequency-domain reflectometry for characterization of single-mode integrated-optical waveguides (1993)

Based on the principles of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), a highly resolving and sensitive technique suitable for detecting, localizing, and quantifying weakly reflecting irregularities in single-mode optical waveguides is developed. A distributed feedback (DFB)-laser diode at lambda /sub 0/ equivalent to 1.3 mu m tuned within a range of Delta lambda equivalent to 6 nm and Delta v equivalent to 1 THz, respectively, is used as a source in the experimental arrangement. An auxiliary interferometer is employed so that the tuning need not be linear in time, in contrast to early implementations. At present, with waveguide structures on InP under test, a spatial resolution of 50 mu m and a dynamic range of about 60 dB are obtained. These data surpass OFDR results published so far. Prospects of closing the gap to coherence-domain reflectometric results and specific advantages make OFDR a promising technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomass Production by Freshwater and Marine Macrophytes (1981)

Biomass plantations for energy production in coastal and oceanic settings have several inherent attractions. Water requirements for aquatic plants may pose no serious limitations. Algal tissues do not contain high proportions of refractory materials such as lignin and cellulose (which might complicate processes for conversion to certain fuels). Many algal species show little or no seasonal changes in potential for growth and presumably can be maintained indefinitely. Photosynthetic conversion efficiencies are good. Space is abundant in the oceanic environment and environmental energy in waves and currents might be utilized for tasks such as obtaining and dispersing plant nutrients. Research on aquatic macrophytes as producers of biomass has been undertaken at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) on the east coast and on the west coast by a group of collaborators in a joint effort known as the Marine Biomass Project. Studies at WHOI have focused on estuarine and coastal situations with
Correlation Between Electrode-Tissue Impedance and Motion Artifact in Biopotential Recordings (2012)

Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a highly relevant topic in personal healthcare. A key technical challenge is overcoming artifacts from motion in order to produce ECG signals capable of being used in clinical diagnosis by a cardiologist. An electrode-tissue impedance is a signal of significant interest in reducing the motion artifact in ECG recordings on the go. A wireless system containing an ultralow-power analog front-end ECG signal acquisition, as well as the electrode-tissue impedance, is used in a validation study on multiple subjects. The goal of this paper is to study the correlation between motion artifacts and skin electrode impedance for a variety of motion types and electrodes. We have found that the correlation of the electrode-tissue impedance with the motion artifact is highly dependent on the electrode design the impedance signal (real, imaginary, absolute impedance), and artifact types (e.g., push or pull electrodes). With the chosen electrodes, we found that the highest correlation was obtained for local electrode artifacts (push, pull, electrode) followed by local skin (stretch, twist, skin) and global artifacts (walk, jog, jump). The results show that the electrode-tissue impedance can correlate with the motion artifacts for local disturbance of the electrodes and that the impedance signals can be used in motion artifact removal techniques such as adaptive filtering.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and graphene composite structures for energy and catalytic applications (2014)

Substitutional heteroatom doping is a promising route to modulate the outstanding material properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene for customized applications. Recently, (nitrogen-) N-doping has been introduced to ensure tunable work-function, enhanced n-type carrier concentration, diminished surface energy, and manageable polarization. Along with the promising assessment of N-doping effects, research on the N-doped carbon based composite structures is emerging for the synergistic integration with various functional materials. This invited feature article reviews the current research progress, emerging trends, and opening opportunities in N-doped carbon based composite structures. Underlying basic principles are introduced for the effective modulation of material properties of graphitic carbons by N-doping. Composite structures of N-doped graphitic carbons with various functional materials, including (i) polymers, (ii) transition metals, (iii) metal oxides, nitrides, sulphides, and (iv) semiconducting quantum dots are highlighted. Practical benefits of the synergistic composite structures are investigated in energy and catalytic applications, such as organic photovoltaics, photo/electro-catalysts, lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors, with a particular emphasis on the optimized interfacial structures and properties.
The use of a blockchain-based smart import declaration to reduce the need for manual cross-validation by customs authorities (2019)

For determining the correctness of an import declaration lodged by a declarant within international shipping, customs authorities rely on manual cross-validation of the declaration with other trade documents. However, the sheer volume of import declarations lodged annually makes it impossible to manually cross-validate each declaration. Smart contracts have the potential to automatically aggregate relevant information from blockchain-based ledgers for lodging and cross-validation. In this paper we explore how such smart contract could be implemented. We demonstrate that a smart import declaration can be used to automatically aggregate information from different sources (e.g., pro forma invoice data elements stored on the blockchain ledger). However, technical and organizational considerations that are inherent to blockchain technology need to be addressed for the smart import declaration to be acceptable for both customs authorities and declarants. It is therefore suggested that future work focusses on data standards required to enable automatic aggregation of relevant trade information and the generation of the import declaration and governance of the smart import declaration by customs authorities to assure correctness.
Use of Molecular Dynamics in the Design and Structure Determination of a Photoinducible β-Hairpin (2005)

The study presented here consists of three parts. In the first, the ability of a set of differently substituted diazobenzene-based linkers to act as photoswitchable beta-turn building blocks was assessed. A 12-residue peptide known to form beta-hairpins was taken as the basis for the modeling process. The central (beta-turn) residue pair was successively replaced by six symmetrically ((o,o), (m,m), or (p,p)) substituted (aminomethyl/carboxymethyl or aminoethyl/carboxyethyl) diazobenzene derivatives leading to a set of peptides with a photoswitchable backbone conformation. The folding behavior of each peptide was then investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations in water (4 ns) and in methanol (10 ns) at room temperature. The simulations suggest that (o,o)- and (m,m)-substituted linkers with a single methylene spacer are significantly better suited to act as photoswitchable beta-turn building blocks than the other linkers examined in this study. The peptide containing the (m,m)-substituted linker was synthesized and characterized by NMR in its cis configuration. In the second part of this study, the structure of this peptide was refined using explicit-solvent simulations and NOE distance restraints, employing a variety of refinement protocols (instantaneous and time-averaged restraining as well as unrestrained simulations). We show that for this type of systems, even short simulations provide a significant improvement in our understanding of their structure if physically meaningful force fields are employed. In the third part, unrestrained explicit-solvent simulations starting from either the NMR model structure (75 ns) or a fully extended structure (25 ns) are shown to converge to a stable beta-hairpin. The resulting ensemble is in good agreement with experimental data, indicating successful structure prediction of the investigated hairpin by classical explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations.
Strain-Wave Reflections During Ballistic Impact of Fabric Panels (1973)

A numerical model is presented which describes the strain level build-up in yarns due to multiple strain wave reflections from yarn crossover intersections in a woven fabric subject to ballistic impact. Crossing yarns present barriers from which strain waves are partially reflected. The maximum yarn strain occurs at the point of impact and decays with distance along the yarn away from this point. The rapidity of decay is governed by the crossover reflection coefficient. Using observations of the deformation cone size of ballistically impacted fabric panels, it is concluded that the reflection coef ficient is small (approximately 0.01). The strain increases with time at different rates for different reflection coefficients until failure at the impact point. Extensions of this model to other fibrous structures are discussed.
Specific 5'-GGGA-3'-->5'-GGA-3' mutation of the Apc gene in rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. (1995)

The APC gene plays a major role in human colon carcinogenesis. We determined the genomic structure of the rat Apc gene, and we analyzed mutations in colon tumors induced in F344 rats by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), potent carcinogens contained in ordinary daily human food. Of eight PhIP-induced tumors, one tumor had two Apc mutations, two tumors had a mutation with loss of the normal allele, and one had a mutation. Two of the above five mutations were at nucleotide 1903, one at 2605, and two at 4237, all being a deletion of a guanine base at the 5'-GGGA-3' site and resulting in truncation of the APC protein. Of 13 IQ-induced tumors, 2 had an Apc mutation with loss of the normal allele. The two mutations were a missense mutation (T-->C) at nucleotide 1567 and a nonsense mutation (C-->T) at 2761. Alteration of the Apc gene was shown to play a more important role in PhIP-induced than in IQ-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. PhIP-induced tumors are characterized by their specific and unique mutation, which may be useful for mutational fingerprinting of human cancers.
Organic Reagents in Inorganic Analysis (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reagents in Inorganic AnalysisP. W. WestCite this: Anal. Chem. 1949, 21, 11, 1342–1344Publication Date (Print):November 14, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60035a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60035a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Flight testing the infrared eye prototype</title> (2002)

The Infrared (IR) Eye was developed with support from the National Search-and-Rescue Secretariat (NSS), in view of improving the efficiency of airborne search-and-rescue operations. The IR Eye concept is based on the human eye and uses simultaneously two fields of view to optimize area coverage and detection capability. It integrates two cameras: the first, with a wide field of view of 40 degree(s), is used for search and detection while the second camera, with a narrower field of view of 10 degree(s) for higher resolution and identification, is mobile within the wide field and slaved to the operator's line of sight by means of an eye-tracking system. The images from both cameras are fused and shown simultaneously on a standard high resolution CRT display unit, interfaced with the eye-tracking unit in order to optimize the man-machine interface. The system was flight tested using the Advanced System Research Aircraft (Bell 412 helicopter) from the Flight Research Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada. This paper presents some results of the flight tests, indicates the strengths and deficiencies of the system, and suggests future improvements for an advanced system.
Beginner's Guide to Measurement Techniques in Thermoacoustic Systems (2008)

The fundamentals of thermoacoustics constitute understanding thermoacoustic phenomena, the proposal of new thermoacoustic devices, and the development of new experimental techniques. This paper describes a practical guide to measurements of important physical quantities in thermoacoustic systems to help beginners understand the basic techniques. The direct method, involving measurements of pressure and velocity oscillations, and the two-sensor method are introduced for the measurement of work flow. A method for the dynamic calibration of a thermocouple is also presented to make measurements of temperature fluctuation possible. Particular emphasis is given accurately determining the phasing between oscillatory quantities.
Surface Analysis of C-Axis-Oriented YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-X</sub> Thin Films by QMS, XPS and LEED: Effects of In-Vacuum Annealing (1991)

The effects of in-vacuum annealing on the crystallinity and superconductivity in the surface region of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- X thin films were investigated by QMS, XPS and LEED. Contaminated and disordered layers, which were nonsuperconducting phase, covered the film surface after being exposed to air. Surface contaminants are removed by annealing at 350°C in ultra high vacuum. The orthorhombic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- X (001) structure and superconducting phase are obtained at the outermost surface after annealing at 350-400°C.
A highly efficient inverse transform architecture for multi-standard HDTV decoder (2009)

This paper presents a VLSI implementation for inverse transforms of H.264/AVC, AVS and MPEG1/2/4. Based on distributed arithmetic, the inverse transforms of the three video coding standards share the unique architecture, which achieves less hardware cost and better decoding efficiency than separate designs. The core element of the distributed arithmetic is implemented with pipelined architecture, where only table accessing, shift and accumulation are needed. To optimize the efficiency of inverse transformation, a zero pre-detecting scheme is used in the proposed architecture. The distributed arithmetic tables are organized as differential code to reduce almost half of the ROM size. With our dedicated modularization, the proposed architecture is suitable for multi-standard HDTV applications.
Structural properties of polycrystalline silicon films prepared at low temperature by plasma chemical vapor deposition (1991)

Evolution with thickness of the structure of the polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films prepared at 300 °C has been studied by plasma decomposition of SiF4/SiH4/H2 source gases. The poly-Si films with varied thickness are characterized mainly by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and supplementarily by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, electron-spin resonance (ESR), and secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements. The crystalline fraction of the film was calculated to be 87% by deconvoluting the Raman spectra. The grains indicated a strong 〈110〉 preferred orientation by XRD. The thickness (d) dependence of the diffracted (220) intensity is divided into three regions: an incubation region (d&lt;200 nm, region 1), a linear region (200 nm ≤d&lt;300–500 nm, region 2) where the deposition parameter (SiF4 flow rate, substrate temperature, and rf power) dependence is weak, and a linear region with steeper (or more moderate) slopes (300–500 nm≤d, region 3) where the deposition parameter dependence is large. The measurements of the angular distribution of the 〈110〉 grains reveal that they contain slanting ones by more than 4° in region 2, while they disappear in region 3. The FT-IR and SIMS measurements for typical samples (Ts = 300 °C, 300 Pa) indicate that the grain boundaries are passivated by hydrogen in the bonding configurations of Si—Hn (n=1–3) and its concentration is approximately 3 at. %. The residual fluorine in the film is found to be much fewer (6×1019 cm−3) than hydrogen. It is found that the density of unpassivated dangling bonds indicates a low value of 1.1×1017 cm−3 for the film with d=280 nm by ESR measurements. The origin of the preferred orientation is also discussed on the basis of a model in which nucleation, ledge formation, and etching processes are considered.
Green Synthesis of Ionic Liquids for Green Chemistry (2003)

An environmentally friendly ("green") method for synthesis of ionic liquids has been developed. A number of useful ionic liquids have been prepared in large scale in a solvent-free and waste-free manner and in one reaction vessel, where halide-based ionic liquids were converted to non-halide-based ionic liquids in the presence of Brønsted acids and primary alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol). The alkyl halides can be recovered and reused. This novel, innovative technology eliminates the shortcomings in the previously widely used methods of making ionic liquids via the anion metathesis approaches which employ conventional organic solvents, generate aqueous and solid wastes and have a technical difficulty in industrial scale-up. The utilization of such a novel synthetic method for ionic liquids should facilitate further development of green chemistry and green chemical technologies.